bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Snow Albedo Evolution in Noah-MP Land Surface Model Coupled with a Physical Snowpack Radiative Transfer Scheme
Authors: Lin Tzu-Shun , He Cenlin , Abolafia-Rosenzweig Ronnie , Chen Fei , Wang Wenli , Barlage Michael , Gochis David 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The widely used community Noah-MP land surface model currently adopts snow albedo parameterizations that are semiphysical in nature and have systematic biases which impact the accuracy of weather and climate modeling systems that use Noah-MP as the land component. We hypothesized that integrating the snowpack radiative transfer scheme from the latest version of the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative (SNICAR) model can improve the physical representation of snow albedo processes and reduce corresponding land model uncertainties. Therefore, we evaluate Noah-MP simulations employing the SNICAR scheme and compare model accuracy to a Noah-MP simulation using the default semiphysical Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) scheme using in situ spectral snow albedo observations at three Rocky Mountain field stations. The agreement between simulated and in situ observed ground snow albedo is significantly enhanced in NoahMP–SNICAR simulations relative to NoahMP–BATS simulations (root-mean-square error reductions from 0.116 to 0.103). Especially, NoahMP–SNICAR improves modeled snow albedo variability for fresh snow and aged snowpack (correlation increase from 0.42 to 0.67). The underestimated variability of snow albedo in NoahMP–BATS is a result of inadequate representation of physical linkages between snow albedo evolution and environmental/snowpack conditions (temperature, snow density, snow water equivalent, and light-absorbing particles), which is substantially improved by the NoahMP–SNICAR scheme. This new development of NoahMP–SNICAR physics provides a means to improve snow albedo accuracy and reduce corresponding uncertainties while providing new modeling capabilities such as hyperspectral snow albedo and effects of snow grain size, snow grain shape, and light-absorbing particles in future studies.

Significance Statement
The widely used community Noah-MP land surface model utilizes simplified snow albedo parameterizations that are semiphysical and have large uncertainties that affect the accuracy of weather and climate modeling systems. We aim to reduce uncertainties by incorporating a radiative transfer snow albedo model (i.e., SNICAR) into Noah-MP. The newly coupled NoahMP–SNICAR model shows a significant enhancement in simulating snow albedo at three Rocky Mountain stations when compared to the Noah-MP configuration with the default snow albedo scheme (i.e., BATS). It also introduces new modeling capabilities for future studies, such as hyperspectral snow albedo and the effects of snow grain size, snow grain shape, and light-absorbing particles.
Maternal mental disorders, psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status, and offspring congenital anomalies
Authors: Björkstedt Satu-Maarit , Koponen Hannu , Kautiainen Hannu , Gissler M Mika , Pennanen P. , Eriksson Johan G , Laine Merja K 
Published: January 2025

Objective To evaluate whether there is an association between maternal mental health, purchase of psychotropic drugs, socioeconomic status and major congenital anomalies in offspring. Methods A register-based cohort study of 6189 Finnish primiparous women who had a singleton delivery between 2009 and 2015. Data on pregnancy and delivery outcomes, psychiatric diagnosis, prescription drug purchases and offspring congenital anomalies were obtained from Finnish national registers. Results Severe depressive disorders were diagnosed in 2.0% of women and severe anxiety disorders in 1.1%. During pregnancy, 9.6% of women purchased psychotropic drugs. Of these women, 5.7% delivered an offspring with a major congenital anomaly. Women who purchased psychotropic drugs in pregnancy had an increased risk of delivering a child with major congenital anomalies compared with women who did not purchase psychotropic drugs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that purchase of benzodiazepines increased the risk of major congenital anomalies (odds ratio 2.11 [95% confidence interval 1.17 to 3.81]). Pregnant women purchasing psychotropic drugs more often lived alone and smoked, had higher body mass index, and had lower annual income and educational attainment than women not purchasing psychotropic drugs. Conclusions Benzodiazepine use, but not socioeconomic status, may be associated with major congenital abnormalities in offspring.
Exploring ableism and occupational therapy: Occupational therapy students’ perspectives
Authors: Darton Hannah , Wadey Alison , Laver-Fawcett Alison 
Published: January 2025

Aim: To explore occupational therapy students’ perspectives on ableism and its implications for occupational therapy practice. This formed part of a wider study that also explored occupational therapy educators’ perspectives. Method: An online survey was used to collect students’ perspectives, using a mixture of Likert scales and open-ended questions. Findings: The sample comprised 56 occupational therapy students from the United Kingdom ( n = 36), United States of America ( n = 16) and Canada ( n = 4) enrolled in a mixture of undergraduate ( n = 13) and postgraduate ( n = 43) pre-registration degree programmes. Thirty-four percent of respondents perceived occupational therapy as inherently ableist. This rose to 50% after respondents were presented with a comprehensive definition of ableism. Students reported witnessing and/or experiencing ableism within education (63%) and practice placements (55%). Eighty-six percent of students recognised they may hold unconscious ableist views, and 96% agreed they would like more support to engage in disability studies. Conclusion/Impact: Findings indicated a potential link between understanding of ableism and students’ views that occupational therapy is ableist. Most students were aware of the potential they hold unconscious biases and welcomed support to engage further with disability studies. Further qualitative research is needed. Following this, systemic changes to address the harm of ableism can begin to be addressed.
Career planning and development for occupational therapists working in mental health: A scoping review
Authors: Fitzpatrick Pamela , Bye Rosalind , Eriksson Clyde , Liu Karen PY , Lim David 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The recent UK Royal College of Occupational Therapists survey found a significant proportion of respondents expressed an intention to leave the profession despite the majority agreeing that occupational therapy is a rewarding career. This scoping review aimed to synthesize the literature on enablers and barriers to career planning and development for occupational therapists working in mental health. Methods: We searched Embase, CINAHL, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, TROVE, Research Direct and websites of relevant professional organizations. Results: Twenty-six papers were included. Most of the articles were set exclusively in Australia and can be categorized into: career planning and development, workforce planning, onboarding, recruitment and retention. Resource shortages, gender, age, unmet expectations, organizational demands and the lack of a career pathway framework were identified as barriers. Enablers of career success include undergraduate mental health practice placements, early career programmes, personal motivation, greater flexibility, professional resilience, leadership training and research opportunities. Conclusion: A better understanding of the factors that influence career development can facilitate focused recruitment and help retention.
A Warm Water Immersion Intervention for Symptoms of PTSD in Military Veterans: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Benfield Rebecca Day , Dingley Catherine , Reyes Andrew Thomas , Serafica Reimund , Brown Alicia 
Published: January 2025

Background Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a substantial problem for Veterans and active members of armed forces across the globe, resulting in debilitating mental and physical comorbidities. Evidence-based treatments have demonstrated some success; however, many Veterans remain symptomatic mandating the urgent need for innovative treatment strategies. Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of military Veterans with PTSD symptoms who participated in a therapeutic warm water immersion intervention aimed at reducing their symptoms. Methods and Procedures A standardized warm 33 °C (92 °F) water immersion intervention to the chest, lasting 45 min was implemented. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the 13 participants (age 23–41) after engaging in the intervention. Using a qualitative descriptive design informed by phenomenology, thematic analysis was completed, applying criteria of rigor throughout the process. Results Five main themes explicated the participants’ experience: the rhythm of relaxed, embracing the properties of the water, the pain floats away, acclimatize to calmness, and a place to set your mind. Participants described a sense of relaxation, calmness, pain reduction, and a means to control intrusive thoughts. All indicated they would recommend the intervention and provided feedback on how to refine it. Conclusions As a component of a larger study, these qualitative findings revealed the potential for therapeutic effects of a novel water immersion intervention. The findings serve to inform revisions to the intervention for future research and practice. Immersion provides a fast-acting, non-stigmatizing adjunct therapy for student Veterans who continue to experience symptoms during and after standard evidence-based treatment.
Proportion, domains, and risk factors of cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ben Bouzid Anissa , Somai Mehdi , Daoud Fatma , Arbaoui Ibrahim , Ben Dhaou Besma , Bellali Hedia , Boussema Fatma , Rachdi Imene , Aydi Zohra 
Published: January 2025

Objective Cognitive impairment (CI) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is quite common and is an important prognostic factor due to its severity. The aim of our study was to determine the proportion and type of CI in SLE and to identify associated risk factors. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study (January - March 2022). Participants included SLE patients and controls (No-SLE). SLE patients were subdivided into those with and those without CI to identify associated risk factors. CI was defined based on the results of eight specific tests assessing various cognitive functions, with MMSE used for overall cognitive assessment. Impairment was indicated by abnormalities in at least five of these eight functions. Results Our study included 60 lupus and 40 non-lupus participants. The median disease duration of patients in the SLE group was 72 months (interquartile range: 24 – 150 months). The proportion of cognitive impairment in SLE was 31.7%. The comparative study of cognitive functions between the two groups of participants with and without SLE concluded that executive functions and verbal fluency were more impaired in the lupus group compared to the non-lupus group. It also concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in attention and concentration, episodic memory, working memory, calculation, visuospatial and visuoconstructive activity, or judgement. In the multivariate analysis, patients with SLE have a significantly higher risk of CI (Adjusted OR 3.76, 95% CI: 1.217 – 11.621) compared to non-SLE individuals. Each additional year of age increases the risk by 4.4% (Adjusted OR 1.044, 95% CI: 1.008 – 1.082). For factors associated with CI in SLE, the multivariate analysis concluded that the duration of corticosteroid therapy, by months, had an adjusted OR equal to 1.009 (CI (95%): 1.000–1.018), and the duration of education, by years, had an adjusted OR equal to 0.857 (CI (95%): 0.736–0.999). Conclusion Screening for CI in lupus patients is important, especially for those with factors associated with these disorders such as prolonged duration of corticosteroid therapy and shortened schooling.
Solution-Focused Cognitive Group Intervention in Facilitating Benefit Finding of Petitioners
Authors: Zhang Fan , Lei Junan 
Published: January 2025

Purpose This study aims to use solution-focused cognitive group intervention (SCGI), which combines cognitive behavioral therapy with solution-focused brief therapy, to improve the benefit finding of petitioners. Method This intervention includes six sessions and two follow-up tests (at three months and six months). Sixty-four petitioners (mean age = 44.31, standard deviation = 4.43) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (32 participants) and the control group (32 participants). The SCGI group aims to enhance benefit finding and reduce anxiety. Solution-focused thinking, strength knowledge, and strength use make up the intervention components. Results The intervention effectively improved participants’ benefit finding and reduced their anxiety, with long-term effects. The control group did not change. Network analysis indicates that strength use has the greatest influence in the network. Discussion For future research, it is imperative to focus on participants’ strengths to comprehend the efficacy mechanisms and enhance the intervention framework.
Urdu Translation and Psychometric Validation of Stigma Beliefs Scale
Authors: Abbas Rizwan , Bracke Piet , Delaruelle Katrijn 
Published: January 2025

Purpose/Aim This study aims to translate and adapt the Personal and Perceived Public Stigma Beliefs Scale from the Eurobarometer into Urdu, subsequently modifying and evaluating its psychometric properties among Pakistani adolescents and young adults. Methods 1328 college students aged 15–24 from Layyah, Punjab, Pakistan participated in this cross-sectional study, using the stigma beliefs scale to measure attitudes toward mental illness. Results The Urdu version demonstrated good internal reliability (α = 0.76 for personal and 0.74 for perceived public stigma beliefs). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable indices, with loadings from 0.52 to 0.74 for personal and 0.46 to 0.71 for perceived public stigma beliefs. A significant positive correlation was found between personal and perceived public stigma beliefs and perceived public social distancing and services stigma. Conclusion The Urdu version of the modified Stigma Beliefs Scale has reliable psychometric characteristics for evaluating attitudes toward mental illness among Pakistani adolescents and young adults.
Unveiling the underlying motor control mechanism of arm-trunk-leg coordinated humanoid exoskeletal interlimb locomotor robotic neurorehabilitation
Authors: Park Seonmi , Oh Wonjun , Park Chanhee , You Joshua (Sung) H. 
Published: January 2025

Background Arm-leg coordinated humanoid exoskeletal robots offer a solution to the ‘unnatural’ gait patterns seen in current leg-only exoskeletons, but their neuromechanical control mechanisms require further exploration. Objective This study investigates the neuromechanical properties and modulation of cervical and lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs) across different gait training conditions. Methods Eleven healthy adults (mean age: 25.27 ± 1.95 years; 5 females, 6 males) participated in gait analysis involving kinematics, kinetics, and electromyography during treadmill-based arm-leg interlimb coordination (TIT), robot-assisted arm-leg coordination (RIT), and robot-assisted leg-only coordination (RLT). Results Trunk counterrotation and shoulder, hip, and knee kinematics in RIT closely resembled those in TIT (5–10% variance) but significantly differed from RLT (30–40% variance). Electromyography revealed normalized reciprocal activation between the anterior and posterior deltoids (r = -0.48), tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius (r = -0.68) during RIT, while RLT showed altered agonist-antagonist co-activation (r = 0.84). Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of cervical and lumbar CPG interaction in natural locomotion, suggesting that arm-leg coordinated exoskeletons could improve neurorehabilitation for individuals recovering from stroke or spinal cord injury.
Implementation of the enhanced adult DIVA score in an emergency department: A prospective observational study
Authors: Petta Domenica , Longobucco Yari , Magi Camilla Elena , El Aoufy Khadija , Forciniti Carolina , Lucchini Alberto , Iovino Paolo , Amato Carla , Iozzo Pasquale , Rasero Laura , Bambi Stefano 
Published: January 2025

Background: Short peripheral catheter (SPC) placement is a routine invasive procedure in clinical settings that is crucial for administering fluids, medications, or blood components. Approximately 11% of adult patients arriving at the Emergency Department (ED) experience difficulties with intravenous access (DIVA), necessitating advanced techniques for successful placement. The Enhanced Adult DIVA (EA-DIVA) score serves as a validated tool to promptly identify patients with DIVA. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DIVA in the ED by using the EA-DIVA scale, evaluate the time required for venous cannulation in patients with and without DIVA, and establish EA-DIVA score thresholds for the adoption of ultrasound-guided techniques. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from May 2023 to January 2024 at the ED of Empoli Hospital, Italy. This study focused on adult patients requiring SPC placement. The nursing staff at the ED performed SPC placements using standard techniques according to clinical protocols. Results: Among 1280 patients, 29.22% required more than one attempt at cannulation independently from their EA-DIVA score, with 12.58% scoring an EA-DIVA of 8 or higher. The time and attempts needed for successful cannulation increased with higher EA-DIVA scores, and ultrasound-guided techniques were more time-consuming but beneficial for these patients. An optimal threshold of 6 on the EA-DIVA scale balanced high sensitivity (96.52%) and specificity (81.37%) for identifying patients who would benefit from ultrasound guidance, minimizing failed attempts and optimizing resource use. Conclusion: The EA-DIVA scale, originally validated in a preoperative setting, was effectively implemented for the first time in the ED. This study established a lower cutoff score for expert intervention utilizing ultrasound guidance compared with previous applications of the EA-DIVA scale. Further validation across diverse clinical settings and among healthcare providers with varying expertise in vascular access is necessary to confirm these findings and broaden their applicability.
Patients’ views and experiences of the first community pharmacy-based medication therapy management clinic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A qualitative study
Authors: Hadi Muhammad Abdul , Albabtain Basmah , Bawazeer Ghada , Paudyal Vibhu , Cheema Ejaz , Alqahtani Abdulaziz , Bahatheq Ahmed 
Published: January 2025

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to describe patients’ experiences of a community pharmacy (CP)–based medication therapy management program (MTM). Methods: Qualitative, semistructured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of patients with uncontrolled diabetes who received care at a CP-based MTM clinic. Interviews were conducted in the MTM clinic of Health Kingdom CP in Riyadh City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by a research pharmacist using an interview guide. Data collection was continued until data saturation. All interviews were audiorecorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Key findings: A total of 16 patients, of whom more than half were male, were interviewed between October 2021 and March 2022. The mean ± standard deviation age of the patients was 52.0 ± 8.9 years, whereas the mean number of years since the first diagnosis of diabetes was 11.2 ± 7.3 years. Three main themes emerged from the interviews: perceived benefits and outcomes of the program, factors driving positive patient experiences, and challenges and recommendations for enhancing MTM service. Generally, patients were satisfied with the quality of advanced care that they received at the clinic and recognized the importance of the pharmacist’s role. Furthermore, the program was perceived by patients as an opportunity to transition to a healthier lifestyle. Patients also highlighted a few barriers related to follow-up, such as accessibility, and issues with the service, such as long waiting times. Finally, there were some suggestions for patient improvement. These include expanding the clinic space, initiating educational and follow-up messages, and cooperating with other specialists as required. Conclusions: Patients received the MTM program very positively with noticeable health benefits. Barriers to effective follow-up and care should be addressed before implementing this service in wider community pharmacies in Saudi Arabia and beyond.
Sleep and breathing in children with Joubert syndrome and a review of other rare congenital hindbrain malformations
Authors: Ju-Wang Jia-Der , Dempsey Jennifer C. , Zhang Cristian , Doherty Daniel , Witmans Manisha , Tablizo Mary Anne , Chen Maida Lynn 
Published: January 2025

Background: Joubert syndrome (JS) is an autosomal recessive disorder with a distinctive mid-hindbrain malformation known as the “molar tooth sign” which involves the breathing control center and its connections with other structures. Literature has reported significant respiratory abnormalities which included hyperpnea interspersed with apneic episodes during wakefulness. Larger-scale studies looking at polysomnographic findings or subjective reports of sleep problems in this population have not yet been published. Objectives: The primary objectives were (1) compare a large group of children with JS and their unaffected siblings for caregiver-reported sleep difficulties. Secondary objectives were (1) present new polysomnography (PSG) data on our JS cohort; (2) review sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in other rare congenital hindbrain anatomic abnormalities. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study on a cohort of 109 families affected by JS. Methods: Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) along with general medical health information focused on respiratory and sleep problems were mailed to all patients and families. Caregivers were asked to complete the survey for both children with JS and unaffected siblings, if any. Baseline diagnostic PSG was retrospectively reviewed for those with available studies, and the sleep parameters were compared to a referent cohort. Results: Study participants with JS were older than their unaffected siblings ( p = 0.02). Genetic mutations were available for 41 out of 118 individuals, with the most common mutation being MKS3 (31.4%). Patients with JS had higher scores in the PSQ compared to their unaffected siblings ( p < 0.001). PSG data showed severe SDB with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 23 ± 15 events/h in patients with JS. Events were primarily obstructive (obstructive AHI 18 ± 15 events/h vs central AHI 4 ± 4 events/h). Abnormal sleep architecture with increased arousal indices, decreased efficiency, and more time awake and in light sleep or wakefulness when compared to the referent data. Conclusion: SDB is common and severe in patients with JS, and the significantly greater obstructive component reported in this cohort makes it necessary to perform complete PSG studies to address or prevent clinical manifestations in this at-risk population. PSQ could represent a viable method to screen for SDB in JS.