bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O.4.3-9 Perceived COVID-19 impact and its relationship with Physical Activity in youths in Luxembourg: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children 2022 survey
Authors: Mendes Felipe Goedert , Ferreira Joana Lopes , Catunda Carolina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose
The prevention measures undertaken due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as lockdown and social distancing may have caused changes in the population’s lifestyle, including physical activity (PA). The current study aimed to investigate the PA level according to the perceived COVID-19 impact in youth in Luxembourg.

Methods
This representative cross-sectional study was based on the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Luxembourg 2022 survey. The population includes 8018 participants aged 11 to 18 years old. The PA was measured on how many days per week they practice 60 or more minutes of moderate-vigorous (MVPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). The perceived COVID-19 impact on PA was measured by the question “What impact did the Covid-19 measures have on your PA?”, with 5 answers categories ranging from very negative to very positive. A chi-square test was performed to observe the association between the perceived COVID-19 impact on PA and gender. In addition, a linear regression was performed to analyse the relation between MVPA and VPA and the perceived COVID-19 impact, adjusted by age, splited by gender.

Results
An association was found between gender and the perceived COVID-19 impact on PA. 28.2% of boys perceived a very positive impacted of COVID-19 on PA, compared to 15.5% of girls. There was a relationship between MVPA, and the perceived COVID-19 impact on PA, in both genders. Participants who perceived a positive impact of the COVID-19 on PA practiced MVPA and VPA more frequently than the others, for both boys (β = 0.491, p &lt; 0.001 and β = 0.491, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and girls (β = 0.543, p &lt; 0.001 and β = 0.733, p &lt; 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Findings suggest a rather positive impact of the COVID-19 on PA, especially for boys. In addition, those who perceived a positive impact practiced significantly more days of MVPA and VPA, in both gender. This study highlights adolescent’s perception of COVID-19 impacts on their PA and draw attention to the positive impact perceived and its relation to an increased PA practice. Future studies should further investigate the reasons behind the perception of a positive impact, in order to mimic the contextual factors favouring the increased practice of PA.
Effective policies to promote sugar reduction in soft drinks: lessons from a comparison of six European countries
Authors: Allais Olivier , Enderli Géraldine , Sassi Franco , Soler Louis-Georges 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Many countries have sought to incentivise soft drinks manufacturers to reduce sugar in their products as part of efforts to address a growing prevalence of obesity. Are their policies effective?

Methods
Using a difference-in-differences design, we compared trends in the sugar content of 10 695 new sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) launched between 2010 and 2019 in six European markets, including the UK and France (taxes designed to incentivise reformulation), the Netherlands (policy based on voluntary agreements to reduce sugar), Germany, Italy and Spain (no national policies).

Results
The announcement in 2016 and adoption in 2018 of the UK tax led to yearly reductions in average sugar content of 17% (95% CI: 15–19%) to 31% (13–48%) between 2016 and 2019, compared to 2015, while the 2018 French tax produced a 6% (95% CI: 5–7%) sugar reduction only in 2018, compared to 2017, shortly after it was redesigned to provide a stronger incentive for reformulation. Voluntary agreements implemented in the Netherlands in 2014 led to an 8% (95% CI: 4–13%) sugar reduction only in 2015, compared to 2013.

Conclusion
The analysis supports the conclusions that sugar reductions in new SSBs have been greater in countries that have adopted specific policies to encourage them; a sugar-based tax design encourages more sugar reductions than a volume-based tax design; the tax rate and the amount of the tax reduction from switching to the next lower tier in a sugar-based tax design may be critical to incentivize reformulation.
Combination of geometric and gravimetric data sets for the estimation of high-resolution mass balances of the Greenland ice sheet
Authors: Graf M , Pail R 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
In this study, we develop a model that allows to combine gravimetric and geometric data. By the combination, we improve the spatial resolution of the resulting mass balance estimate compared to a purely gravimetric one. The equivalent ice or firn density of the changing ice volume is estimated within a mathematical inversion model, which includes geometric information about the volumetric change of the ice sheet and the resulting gravity change. This gravity change is computed from monthly GRACE gravity fields. They have a limited spatial resolution of a few 100 km, but allow direct conclusions about the true mass changes over Greenland. The ice-volume changes are described by a product by the Climate Change Initiative of European Space Agency, which is based on altimetry data. They have a very fine spatial resolution (down to a few km), but are not directly sensitive to mass changes. By combining both data sets in a common mathematical model, the advantages of both data types (direct sensitivity to mass versus high spatial resolution) are made use of. In this way, we improve the spatial resolution of mass balance estimates over Greenland. This leads to a map of mass trends, which has the same spatial resolution as the input map of geometric changes, but which is consistent with the input gravity fields. It will enable improving the localization of mass change signals of ice sheets and glaciers, which are usually rather small-scale. We compare our estimates to the results of complementary studies regarding the total mass loss of the Greenland ice sheet and its surrounding land surface. Our study leads to a value of $-213\pm 37\, \text{Gt}\,\text{a}^{-1}$ in the time span from 2011 to 2015. We also discuss the problem of separating the mass contribution of the Greenland ice sheet itself and its surrounding region.
Repeat Sampling of Female Passerines During Reproduction Reveals Surprising Higher Plasma Oxidative Damage During Resting Compared to Active State
Authors: Coughlan Kyle , Sadowska Edyta T , Bauchinger Ulf 
Published: September 2023

Synopsis
Traditional models of oxidative stress predict accumulation of damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as highly correlated with aerobic metabolism, a prediction under increasing scrutiny. Here, we repeat sampled female great tits (Parus major) at two opposite levels of energy use during the period of maximum food provisioning to nestlings, once at rest and once during activity. Our results were in contrast to the above prediction, namely significantly higher levels of oxidative damage during rest opposed to active phase. This discrepancy could not be explained neither using levels of “first line” antioxidant enzymes activity measured from erythrocytes, nor from total nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity measured from plasma, as no differences were found between states. Significantly higher levels of uric acid, a potent antioxidant, were seen in the plasma during the active phase than in rest phase, which may explain the lower levels of oxidative damage despite high levels of physical activity. Our results challenge the hypothesis that oxidative stress is elevated during times with high energy use and call for more profound understanding of potential drivers of the modulation of oxidative stress such as metabolic state of the animal, and thus also the time of sampling in general.
On Abel’s Problem and Gauss Congruences
Authors: Delaygue É , Rivoal T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A classical problem due to Abel is to determine if a differential equation $y^{\prime}=\eta y$ admits a non-trivial solution $y$ algebraic over $\mathbb C(x)$ when $\eta $ is a given algebraic function over $\mathbb C(x)$. Risch designed an algorithm that, given $\eta $, determines whether there exists an algebraic solution or not. In this paper, we adopt a different point of view when $\eta $ admits a Puiseux expansion with rational coefficients at some point in $\mathbb C\cup \{\infty \}$, which can be assumed to be 0 without loss of generality. We prove the following arithmetic characterization: there exists a non-trivial algebraic solution of $y^{\prime}=\eta y$ if and only if the coefficients of the Puiseux expansion of $x\eta (x)$ at $0$ satisfy Gauss congruences for almost all prime numbers. We then apply our criterion to hypergeometric series: we completely determine the equations $y^{\prime}=\eta y$ with an algebraic solution when $x\eta (x)$ is an algebraic hypergeometric series with rational parameters, and this enables us to prove a prediction Golyshev made using the theory of motives. We also present two other applications, namely to diagonals of rational fractions and to directed two-dimensional walks.
Relevant Generality of Antitrust Economics: Competitive Effects as Adjudicative and Legislative Facts
Authors: Broulík Jan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Antitrust enforcement proceedings routinely rely on information provided by positive economics. Recognizing that this information may help the court to decide what happened in the case at bar as well as what substantive rule to apply to the case, this article examines how general the information needs to be to bear relevance to each of these decision-making tasks. The examination is conducted in the context of US law, relies on the conventional distinction between adjudicative and legislative facts, and focuses on competitive effects as the paramount type of antitrust facts. Economic inquiries into the competitive effects of the conduct under scrutiny are then shown to be relevant if they take sufficient account of the specifics of the case. This requirement will rarely be satisfied by inquiries based on generic models. In contrast, when deciding on the content of the applicable antirust rule, the court needs comprehensive information about the competitive effects of the entire conduct class. Economic analyses into the effects of specific conduct will hence be hardly relevant.
Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2023
Authors:   The American Academy of HIV Medicine
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2: This chapter discusses the global prevalence as well as the geographic distribution of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and updates on recent shared global initiatives. The demographic trends in HIV in the United States, especially regarding gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, age, injection-drug use, socioeconomic status, and recent initiatives are reviewed. Special attention is paid to HIV among communities of color, as well as women, children, and adolescences. The role of HIV in men who have sex with men and the transgender community is reviewed in detail. Chapter 8: HIV Testing and Counselling lists and describes the various types of HIV testing available. The chapter also presents an overview of HIV counselling. HIV testing terminology and algorithms are presented to the reader along with descriptive figures. Laboratory markers for HIV are reviewed. The chapter describes who should be tested, as well as pre and post-test counselling elements. A section of the chapter is dedicated to special populations and environments (blood supply screening, prenatal screening, testing settings) Strategies to improve uptake of HIV testing are discussed.
Mechanisms of HIV Transmission
Authors: Aitcheson Nancy , Nambiar Puja H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With over 25 years of experience demonstrating that antiretroviral therapy is highly effective in reducing the transmission of HIV, there is now clear evidence that individuals living with HIV with an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV sexually. Clinical trial data demonstrate that treatment of HIV is also prevention. This chapter outlines the various ways of HIV transmission including sexual transmission, transmission in the healthcare setting, transmission through the use of injection drugs, and perinatal. The significance of viral load quantity and its relationship to transmission risk is discussed as well as the impact of co-occurring sexually transmitted diseases in HIV transmission.
Initial Evaluation of the Person with HIV
Authors: Morales Esteban A. DelPilar , Skiest Daniel J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The chapter describes what is essential in the HIV-oriented medical history as well as the HIV-oriented physical examination. Detailed descriptions of what is needed for the medical history, the physical examination, the initial HIV laboratory evaluation, and signs and symptoms of acute retroviral illness are presented to the reader via tables. This chapter provides additional insight into gender identity and cultural challenges that can affect the management of some persons with HIV. It outlines the importance of patient-provider relationships and addresses issues such as cultural competency and language. The role of telehealth in managing persons with HIV is briefly touched on.
Special Populations
Authors: Silva Catherine , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Goldstein Zil G. , Deutsch Madeline B. , Asupoto Olabimpe , Wurcel Alysse G. , Imbert Elizabeth , Hickey Matthew D. , Davids Abby , Carvalho Ashley , Garcia Deliana , Seda Claire M. Hutkins , Madaras Laszlo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The epidemiologic focus of HIV in the United States has been in men who have sex with men, particularly in younger men of color. This chapter discusses several other populations experiencing disproportionate access to healthcare, including, adolescents, transgender persons, homeless or displaced individuals, incarcerated individuals, patients in rural settings, immigrants and migrant workers. Learners will review the impact of stigma on healthcare-seeking behavior, treatment adherence, and safe practices.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine/Integrative Medicine Approaches
Authors: Desai Yash , Shere-Wolfe Kalpana D. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive explanation of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and integrative medicine is provided at the beginning of this chapter. The use of CAM by people with HIV is discussed as well as physicians’ attitudes toward CAM. The chapter covers the benefits of natural health products for use in people with HIV and provides extensive examples of these products. Mind–body approaches to treatment are reviewed in detail in addition to traditional medicine and manual therapies. This edition contains updated information on the effects of micronutrient supplementation on CD4+ T-cell counts and HIV disease progression as well fish oil supplementation. In addition, herb–drug interactions are reviewed, with new data presented on interactions with newer antiretroviral medications.
HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy and Lipoatrophy
Authors: Sekhar Rajagopal V. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The incidence of new-onset lipodystrophy has declined in recent years. HIV is associated with abnormal fat distribution, which is termed lipodystrophy. HIV lipodystrophy can manifest as fat loss (lipoatrophy), fat gain (lipohypertrophy), or a mixed pattern. Therapeutic options are limited, and treatment is challenging. HIV lipodystrophy is associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, and renal disease. HIV lipodystrophy is associated with a negative body image. This chapter discusses abnormal fat distribution This chapter discusses abnormal fat distribution (lipodystrophy) associated with HIV and antiretroviral therapy by describing what is currently know about HIV-associated lipodystrophy, the current clinical implications of lipodystrophy in persons with HIV and the therapeutic interventions to treat and improve the health status of person with HIV and lipodystrophy. The learner will also understand the different manifestations of lipodystrophy including fat loss (lipoatrophy), fat gain (lipohypertrophy), or mix patterns and the increased risk of developing dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, fatty liver disease, renal disease, and metabolic syndrome, and associated treatments.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Vigil Karen J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common in people living with HIV (PWH). Education and counseling on changes in sexual behaviors of patients with STIs and their sexual partners, identification of asymptomatically infection, and effective diagnosis and treatment are the cornerstones for prevention. This chapter demonstrates the established and evolving science regarding the diagnosis and treatment of most prevalent STIs in PWH, including syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, human papilloma virus, and genital ulcers. The learner will be able to identify the clinical presentation of each sexually transmitted disease, discuss available diagnostic tests and tools, and describe the recommended treatments in order to decrease the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
Renal Complications
Authors: Reese Patricia Carr , Farooq Umar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PWH) continue to have an increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease. Because of antiretroviral therapy (ART) availability, the most common etiologies of kidney disease have changed over the course of the epidemic from HIV-associated nephropathy to renal complications from noninfectious comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hepatitis infection, tobacco use, and aging in general. Consistent evidence demonstrates preservation of renal function with ART in PWH. PWH are eligible for both renal dialysis and renal transplant. This chapter discusses the continued high prevalence of renal disease in PWH and the broad pathologic spectrum of renal disease including medication-induced renal injury. It also allows the learner to understand the importance of screening and monitoring people with HIV for chronic kidney disease along with the indications for nephrology referral and renal biopsy, potential targets of interventions for HIV-associated renal diseases, and treatment options for PWH who have end-stage renal disease, including dialysis and solid organ transplant.
Non-LTE Monte Carlo radiative transfer – III. The thermal properties of tilted and warped Be star discs
Authors: Suffak M W , Jones C E , Carciofi A C , de Amorim T H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We use the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code hdust to model Be stars where the disc is tilted from the equatorial plane of the star. We compute 128 models across four spectral types, B0, B2, B5, and B8, tilting the disc by 0, 10○, 20○, and 40○, respectively, while varying disc density according to spectral type. We also compute every model for an average and high stellar rotation rate. We first discuss non-tilted disc temperatures and show its nonlinear dependence on stellar and disc parameters. We find that tilting the disc minimally affects the density-weighted average disc temperature, but tilting does create a temperature asymmetry in disc cross-sections, which is more pronounced for a faster rotation rate. We also investigate the effect tilting has on V-band magnitude, polarization, and the H$\rm \alpha$ line. Tilting the disc does affect these observables, but the changes are entirely dependent on the position of the observer relative to the direction of tilt. We find the observables that distinguish tilting from a change in density or geometry are the H$\rm \alpha$ line shapes, where it can transition between single-peaked and double-peaked, and the polarization position angle, whose value is dependent on the projected major elongation axis of the disc on the sky. We also present one early- and one late-type model with warped discs. We find their temperature structure varies a small amount from the uniformly tilted models, and the different observables correspond to different tilt angles, consistent with their expected volume of origin within the disc.
Acute effects of energy drink consumption on cardiovascular parameters in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Gualberto Pedro I B , Benvindo Vinícius V , Waclawovsky Gustavo , Deresz Luís F 
Published: September 2023

AbstractContextEnergy drinks (EDs) are beverages that contain ingredients that may pose a risk to consumers’ cardiovascular health. But current evidence is conflicting and warrants further investigation.ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on studies that examined the acute effects of ED consumption on systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate, cardiac output (CO), endothelial function, and QT/QTc interval in healthy adults.Data SourcesThe databases PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, LILACS, Web of Science, SportDiscus, and the gray literature were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Data ExtractionTwo independent evaluators screened 2014 studies and extracted relevant data from those selected for the analysis. A risk of bias assessment was also performed with the RoB 2 tool and a strength of evidence assessment was performed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Data AnalysisA total of 17 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. With regard to risk of bias, 11 studies were rated as having “some concerns” and 6 as “high risk of bias.” The consumption of EDs increased SBP, DBP, and CO in different time frames. More pronounced effects were seen on SBP at 60-80 minutes (4.71 mmHg; 95% CI: 2.97–6.45; GRADE: moderate), DBP at 120 minutes (4.51 mmHg; 95% CI: 2.60–6.42; GRADE: low), and CO at 30-40 minutes after consumption (0.43 L; 95% CI: 0.08–0.77; GRADE: very low). The effects of ED consumption on resting heart rate and QT/QTc interval were not significant (P ≤ 0.05). The assessment of endothelial function effects was not performed due to the absence of any RCTs meeting the inclusion criteria.ConclusionsAcute consumption of EDs increases SBP, DBP, and CO in healthy adults. However, no alterations were observed in other cardiovascular parameters. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of studies included in the analysis.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42022295335.