bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN METODE EXTREME GRADIENT BOOSTING DAN METODE DECISION TREE UNTUK KLASIFIKASI GENRE MUSIK
Authors: LUTFIANI SALLY , Saragih Triando Hamonangan , Abadi Friska , Faisal Mohammad Reza , Kartini Dwi 
Published: August 2023

Musik merupakan sebuah “bahasa” yang mampu dimengerti dan dipahami oleh semua orang. Dalam musik sendiri, terdapat banyak genre musik yang berkembang yang dipengaruhi oleh budaya dari daerah-daerah yang berbeda-beda, seperti musik jazz, reggae, pop, rock, punk, dan masih banyak lagi genre musik yang ada seperti musik tradisional. Bertambahnya jumlah musik dalam bentuk digital secara pesat menyebabkan pemberian label genre secara manual menjadi tidak efektif. Pemberian label genre secara otomatis dapat dilakukan dengan menerapkan algoritma kecerdasan buatan yaitu salah satunya klasifikasi yang dapat mengelompokkan jenis musik berdasarkan genre dengan menggunakan fitur-fitur musik. Salah satu metode klasifikasi yang cukup sering digunakan adalah metode Extreme Gradient Boosting. Metode ini seringkali digunakan karena kecepatan, efisiensi dan skalabilitasnya untuk memecahkan beragam masalah klasifikasi ataupun regresi. Selain itu ada juga metode yang sering digunakan dalam melakukan klasifikasi yaitu metode Decision Tree yang merupakan metode pohon keputusan mengubah fakta yang sangat besar menjadi pohon keputusan yang merepresentasikan aturan dan juga berguna untuk mengekplorasi data, menemukan hubungan tersembunyi antara sejumlah calon variabel input dengan sebuah variabel target. Karena kedua metode ini termasuk dalam rumpun keluarga pohon atau ensemble learning, maka dilakukan perbandingan antara kedua metode tersebut. Pada penelitian ini melakukan perbandingan tingkat akurasi metode klasifikasi Extreme Gradient Boosting dan metode klasifikasi Decision Tree dengan melakukan pengujian parameter menggunakan nilai parameter terbaik yang didapatkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian metode klasifikasi Extreme Gradient Boosting dengan pengujian parameter menggunakan nilai parameter terbaik yang didapatkan menghasilkan kinerja akurasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode klasifikasi Decision Tree yaitu sebesar 72% karena pada metode Extreme Gradient Bossting ini mampu meminimalisir eror dengan menggunakan data residu atau kesalahan prediksi pada model sebelumnya sehingga bisa mendapatkan dan mengoptimalkan hasil akurasi terbaik, yang membuktikan bahwa metode klasifikasi Extreme Gradient Boosting lebih baik dibandingkan dengan metode klasifikasi Decision Tree dengan pengujian parameter.
In vitro antiviral activity of abietane diterpenoids isolated from Torreya nucifera against rotavirus infection
Authors: Park Ji Sun , Bae Jaehoon , Jung Jinseok , Kim Joong-Sun , Park Su-Jin 
Published: August 2023

Although vaccines have been developed for rotavirus infections, there is currently no effective therapeutic treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 18-hydroxyferruginol (1) and 18-oxoferruginol (2) isolated from Torreya nucifera (T. nucifera) against bovine G8P[7] and porcine G5P[7] rotaviruses using two different assay strategies: 1) reduction of viral infectivity by neutralizing the virus (virucidal assay) and 2) inhibition of viral replication after infection (post-treatment assay). In the post-treatment assay, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited strong anti-rotavirus activity, with 50% effective concentration values of 24.7 μM (selectivity index; SI= 2.52) and 23.2 μM (SI= 1.75) against bovine G8P[7], 21.1 μM (SI= 2.95) and 22.6 μM (SI= 1.80) against porcine G5P[7], respectively. During viral replication, the two compounds demonstrated stronger inhibition of viral RNA synthesis in the late stages (18 h) than in the early stages (6 h). Compounds 1 and 2 also inhibited the synthesis of viral proteins such as VP6, as determined by immunofluorescence assay. Thus, it appears that compounds 1 and 2 isolated from T. nucifera possess strong antiviral activity against rotaviruses, inhibit viral replication, and may be developed into potential plant-derived therapeutic candidates against rotavirus infection.
Dragon blood resin ameliorates steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head through osteoclastic pathways
Authors: Liu Yuhao , Mo Liang , Lu Hongduo , Wei Yangwenxiang , Zhang Jiahao , Bennett Samuel , Xu Jiake , Zhou Chi , Fang Bin , Chen Zhenqiu 
Published: August 2023

Objective: Dragon’s Blood resin (DBR) is a traditional medicinal substance renowned for its diverse pharmacological effects, which consists of potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and angiogenic properties. This study aimed to elucidate its therapeutic mechanism in alleviating steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SIONFH).Methods: Techniques such as SPR and LC-MS were employed to identify and analyze the target proteins of DBR in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). In vitro, BMMs were treated with RANKL and DBR, and TRAcP staining and actin belt staining were utilized to assess osteoclast activity. The inhibitory effects and underlying mechanisms of DBR on osteoclastogenesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were determined using real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. An in vivo SIONFH rat model was set up to assess the curative impacts of DBR using micro-CT scanning and pathological staining.Results: Bioinformatic tools revealed a pivotal role of osteoclast differentiation in SIONFH. Proteomic analysis identified 164 proteins binding in BMMs. In vitro assessments demonstrated that DBR hindered osteoclastogenesis by modulating the expression of specific genes and proteins, along with antioxidant proteins including TRX1 and Glutathione Reductase. Notably, the resin effectively inhibited the expression of crucial proteins, such as the phosphorylation of JNK and the nuclear localization of p65 within the TRAF6/JNK and NFκB signaling pathways. In vivo experiments further confirmed that DBR mitigated the onset of SIONFH in rats by curbing osteoclast and ROS activities.Conclusion: These findings underscore the potential of Dragon’s Blood as an effective administration for early-stage SIONFH, shedding light on its therapeutic influence on ROS-mediated osteoclastic signaling pathways.
Efficacy and safety of visually guided laser balloon versus cryoballoon ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ye Wenyi , Chen Qian , Fan Guangci , Zhou Xinbin , Wang Xiao , Mao Wei , Li JuanJuan 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundNewly developed catheter ablation (CA) techniques, such as laser balloon ablation (LBA) and cryoballoon ablation (CBA), have been introduced in recent years and emerged as valuable alternatives to conventional radiofrequency CA strategies for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) patients. However, evidence comparing LBA and CBA remain controversial. Thus, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety between these two techniques.MethodsScientific databases (PubMed, Embase) and relevant websites (the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov) were systematically searched from inception to March 2023. The primary outcomes of interest were the AF recurrence and the procedure-related complications. Secondary outcomes included procedural time, fluoroscopy time, and left atrial (LA) dwell time.ResultsSeven clinical trials with a total of 637 patients were finally enrolled. No significant differences were found between LBA and CBA in terms of AF recurrence [16.3% vs. 22.7%, odds ratio (OR) = 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.42–1.05, p = 0.078] or total procedural-related complications (8.4% vs. 6.4%, OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.71–2.51, p = 0.371). LBA had a significantly longer procedural time [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 38.03 min, 95% CI: 13.48–62.58 min, p = 0.002] and LA dwell time (WMD = 46.67 min, 95% CI: 14.63–78.72 min, p = 0.004) than CBA, but tended to have shorter fluoroscopy time.ConclusionsLBA and CBA treatment have comparable efficacy and safety for PAF patients. LBA was associated with longer procedural and LA dwell times compared with CBA. Further large-scale studies are warranted to compare these two techniques with the newest generations.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=426513, identifier (CRD42023426513).
The mutational analysis of mitochondrial DNA in maternal inheritance of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Bibi Shaheen , Abbas Ghulam , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Nawaz Tanzeela , Ullah Qudrat , Uddin Aziz , Khan Muhammad Fiaz , Ghafoor Sajid Ul , Nadeem Muhammad Shahid , Tabassum Sadia , Zahoor Muhammad 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPolycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a globally prevalent condition that leads to infertility in women. While environmental factors contribute to PCOS, maternal genetics also play a significant role. Currently, there is no definitive test for identifying predisposition to PCOS. Hence, our objective is to discover novel maternal genetic risk factors for PCOS by investigating the genomes of patients from Pakistan.MethodsWe utilized Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to sequence the complete mitochondrial DNA of three PCOS patients. Subsequently, we employed MitoTIP (Mitochondrial tRNA Informatics Predictor) and PON-mt-tRNA tools to identify variations in the mitochondrial DNA. Our analysis focused on the genes MT-RNR1, MT-RNR2, MT-ATP6, MT-TL2, and MT-CYTB, which displayed common variations in all three genomes. Additionally, we observed individual variations. The D-loop region exhibited the highest frequency of mutations, followed by the non-coding regions of RNR1 and RNR2 genes. Moreover, we detected frameshift mutations in the mitochondrially encoded NADH Dehydrogenase 2 (MT-ND2) and mitochondrially encoded NADH Dehydrogenase 5 (ND5) genes within individual genomes.ResultsOur analysis unveiled six regions with common variations in the mitochondrial DNA of all three PCOS patients. Notably, the MT-RNR1, MT-RNR2, MT-ATP6, MT-TL2, and MT-CYTB genes exhibited these variations. Additionally, we identified individual variations in the mitochondrial DNA. The D-loop region displayed the highest mutation frequency, followed by the non-coding regions of RNR1 and RNR2 genes. Furthermore, frameshift mutations were detected in the MT-ND2 and ND5 genes within individual genomes.ConclusionThrough our study, we have identified variations in mitochondrial DNA that may be associated with the development of PCOS and have the potential to serve as predisposition tests. Our findings highlight the presence of novel mutations in the MT-RNR1, MT-RNR2, MT-ATP6, MT-TL2, and MT-CYTB genes, as well as frameshift mutations in the MT-ND2 and ND5 genes. Pathogenicity analysis indicated that most variants were likely to result in benign cysts. However, the frameshift mutations in the ND2 gene were associated with a high risk of complications and pathogenicity in PCOS. This is the first report identifying these mutations and their association with PCOS, contributing to our understanding of the genetic factors underlying the condition.
Lifestyle interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Lin Xuan , Fang Ying , Cui Jing , Li Zhi , Yu Fang , Tian Libin , Guo Hongyan , Lu Xinyan , Ding Jiahao , Ke Lu , Wu Jiahui 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the effects of lifestyle interventions, including dietary guidance, health education and weight management, on pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsOur study included 251 women at high risk of GDM and 128 randomized to lifestyle interventions (dietary guidance, health education, and weight management); One hundred and twenty-three people were randomly assigned to a control group (regular pregnancy check-ups). Counts between groups were compared using either chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test.ResultsCompared with the control group, the risk of GDM was reduced by 46.9% (16.4% vs 30.9%, P = 0.007) and the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) was reduced by 74.2% (2.3% vs 8.9%, P = 0.034) in the intervention group. There were no significant differences in macrosomia, cesarean section, or preterm birth (P &gt;0.05).ConclusionThe lifestyle intervention in this study helped pregnant women to better understand knowledge related to pregnancy, reduce stress and anxiety, and increase intake of adequate prenatal nutrition. This intervention prevented metabolic abnormalities that may occur due to inadequate nutrient intake during pregnancy. In addition, it helped women to control weight gain, maintain appropriate weight gain during pregnancy, and reduce the risk of excessive or insufficient weight gain, ultimately lowering the incidence of GDM and PIH. This highlights the importance of early screening and intervention for high-risk pregnant women.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300073766.
Arsenic exposure and lung fibrotic changes-evidence from a longitudinal cohort study and experimental models
Authors: Wang Chih-Wen , Chiou Hsin-Ying Clair , Chen Szu-Chia , Wu Da-Wei , Lin Hung-Hsun , Chen Huang-Chi , Liao Wei-Ting , Lin Ming-Hong , Hung Chih-Hsing , Kuo Chao-Hung 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionArsenic (As) exposure is associated with lung toxicity and we aim to investigate the effects of arsenic exposure on lung fibrotic changes.MethodsParticipants (n= 976) enrolled via a general health survey underwent chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), spirometry forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and urinary arsenic examination during 2016 and 2018. Lung fibrotic changes from LDCT were defined. AsLtoL, low arsenic levels in both 2016 and 2018; AsLtoH, low arsenic in 2016 but high levels in 2018; AsHtoL, high arsenic in 2016 but low levels in 2018; AsHtoH, high arsenic levels in both 2016 and 2018. Mice exposed to 0. 0.2mg/L, 2 mg/L, 50 mg/L of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) through drinking water for 12 weeks and 24 weeks were applied for histological analysis. Cultured lung epithelial cells were exposed to NaAsO2 and the mesenchymal changes were examined.ResultsAsHtoH increased the risk (OR= 1.65, 95% CI 1.10, 2.49) of Lung fibrotic positive to positive (reference: Lung fibrotic negative to negative) compared with AsLtoL. Moreover, the predicted mean of FVC and FEV1 in AsHtoH (−0.09 units, 95% CI: −0.27, −0.09; −0.09 units, 95% CI: −0.17, −0.01) and AsLtoH (−0.13 units, 95% CI: −0.30, −0.10; −0.13 units, 95% CI: −0.22, −0.04) was significantly lower than ASLtoL. Significant lung fibrotic changes including the increase of the alveolar septum thickness and collagen fiber deposition were observed upon 2 mg/L NaAsO2 treatment for 12 weeks, and the damage was dose- and time-dependent. In vitro, sodium arsenite treatment promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like changes of the normal human bronchial epithelial cells, including upregulation of several fibrotic and mesenchymal markers (fibronectin, MMP-2, and Snail) and cell migration. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MMP-2 impaired the arsenic-induced EMT changes. Administration of a flavonoid, apigenin, inhibited EMT in vitro and pulmonary damages in vivo with the reduction of mesenchymal markers.Discussionwe demonstrated that continued exposure to arsenic causes lung fibrosis in humans and mice. Targeting lung epithelial cells EMT is effective on the development of therapeutic strategy. Apigenin is effective in the inhibition of arsenic-induced pulmonary fibrosis and EMT.
Frequency-coded patterns of sympathetic vasomotor activity are differentially evoked by the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the Goldblatt hypertension model
Authors: Faber Jean , Milanez Maycon I. O. , Simões Cristiano S. , Campos Ruy R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) contains premotor neurons involved in the control of sympathetic vasomotor activity. It is known that the stimulation of specific areas of the PVN can lead to distinct response patterns at different target territories. The underlying mechanisms, however, are still unclear. Recent evidence from sympathetic nerve recording suggests that relevant information is coded in the power distribution of the signal along the frequency range. In the present study, we addressed the hypothesis that the PVN is capable of organizing specific spectral patterns of sympathetic vasomotor activation to distinct territories in both normal and hypertensive animals.MethodsTo test it, we investigated the territorially differential changes in the frequency parameters of the renal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (rSNA and sSNA, respectively), before and after disinhibition of the PVN by bicuculline microinjection. Subjects were control and Goldblatt rats, a sympathetic overactivity-characterized model of neurogenic hypertension (2K1C). Additionally, considering the importance of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1) in the sympathetic responses triggered by bicuculline in the PVN, we also investigated the impact of angiotensin AT1 receptors blockade in the spectral features of the rSNA and sSNA activity.ResultsThe results revealed that each nerve activity (renal and splanchnic) presents its own electrophysiological pattern of frequency-coded rhythm in each group (control, 2K1C, and 2K1C treated with AT1 antagonist losartan) in basal condition and after bicuculline microinjection, but with no significant differences regarding total power comparison among groups. Additionally, the losartan 2K1C treated group showed no decrease in the hypertensive response triggered by bicuculline when compared to the non-treated 2K1C group. However, their spectral patterns of sympathetic nerve activity were different from the other two groups (control and 2K1C), suggesting that the blockade of AT1 receptors does not totally recover the basal levels of neither the autonomic responses nor the electrophysiological patterns in Goldblatt rats, but act on their spectral frequency distribution.DiscussionThe results suggest that the differential responses evoked by the PVN were preferentially coded in frequency, but not in the global power of the vasomotor sympathetic responses, indicating that the PVN is able to independently control the frequency and the power of sympathetic discharges to different territories.
The effect of robot-assisted gait training for patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bin Luo , Wang Xiaoping , Jiatong Hu , Donghua Fan , Qiang Wang , Yingchao Shen , Yiming Miao , Yong Ma 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundWith the aging of the global population, Spinal injuries are often prone to occur and affect human health. The development of technology has put robots on the stage to assist in the treatment of spinal injuries.MethodsA comprehensive literature search were carried out in multiple databases, including PubMed, Medline (Ovid), Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, CKNI, Wang fang, VIP database, Sino Med, Clinical Trails until 20th, June, 2023 to collect effect of robot-assisted gait training for patients with spinal cord injury patients. Primary outcome includes any changes of gait distance and gait speed. Secondary outcomes include any changes in functions (Such as TUG, Leg strength, 10 MWT) and any advent events. Data were extracted from two independent individuals and Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2.0 was assessed for the included studies. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed by RevMan 5.3 software.Results11 studies were included in meta-analysis. The result showed that gait distance [WMD = 16.05, 95% CI (−15.73, 47.83), I2 = 69%], gait speed (RAGT vs. regular treatment) [WMD = 0.01, 95% CI (−0.04, 0.05), I2 = 43%], gait speed (RAGT vs. no intervention) [WMD = 0.07, 95% CI (0.01, 0.12), I2 = 0%], leg strength [WMD = 0.59, 95% CI (−1.22, 2.40), I2 = 29%], TUG [WMD = 9.25, 95% CI (2.76, 15.73), I2 = 74%], 10 MWT [WMD = 0.01, 95% CI (−0.15, 0.16), I2 = 0%], and 6 MWT [WMD = 1.79, 95% CI (−21.32, 24.90), I2 = 0%].ConclusionRobot-assisted gait training seems to be helpful for patients with spinal cord to improve TUG. It may not affect gait distance, gait speed, leg strength, 10 MWT, and 6 MWT.
Influence of bisphenol A and its analog bisphenol S on cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide–positive enteric neurons in the mouse gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Makowska Krystyna , Fagundes Kainã R. C. , Gonkowski Sławomir 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionBisphenol A (BPA) is used in large quantities for the production of plastics and is present in various everyday objects. It penetrates living organisms and shows multidirectional adverse influence on many internal organs. For this reason, BPA is often replaced in plastic production by other substances. One of them is bisphenol S (BPS), whose effects on the enteric nervous system (ENS) have not been explained.MethodsTherefore, the present study compares the influence of BPA and BPS on the number of enteric neurons immunoreactive to cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide located in the ENS of the stomach, jejunum and colon with the use of double immunofluorescence method.ResultsThe obtained results have shown that both bisphenols studied induced an increase in the number of CART-positive enteric neurons, and the severity of changes depended on the type of enteric ganglion, the dose of bisphenols and the segment of the digestive tract. The most visible changes were noted in the myenteric ganglia in the colon. Moreover, in the colon, the changes submitted by BPS are more noticeable than those observed after BPA administration. In the stomach and jejunum, bisphenol-induced changes were less visible, and changes caused by BPS were similar or less pronounced than those noted under the impact of BPA, depending on the segment of the gastrointestinal tract and ganglion type studied.DiscussionThe results show that BPS affects the enteric neurons containing CART in a similar way to BPA, and the BPS impact is even stronger in the colon. Therefore, BPS is not neutral for the gastrointestinal tract and ENS.
Generic cardiology drug prices: the potential benefits of the Marc Cuban cost plus drug company model
Authors: Narendrula Aparna , Lang Jacob , Mossialos Elias 
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Generic pharmaceuticals account for the majority of the $359 billion US pharmaceutical market, including for cardiology drugs. Amidst a lack of price transparency and administrative inefficiencies, generic drug prices are high, causing an undue burden on patients.Methods: We identified the 50 most used generic cardiology drugs by volume per the 2020 Medicare Part D spending data. We extracted cost per dose of each drug from the Marc Cuban Cost Plus Drug Company (MCCPDC) website and estimated the aggregate cost savings if MCCPDC were employed on a national scale by calculating the difference between this cost and Medicare spending.Results: Medicare spent $7.7 billion on the 50 most used generic cardiology drugs by volume in 2020 according to Medicare Part D data. Pharmacy and shipping costs accounted for a substantial portion of expenditures. Per our most conservative estimate, $1.3 billion (17% of total) savings were available on 16 of 50 drugs. A slightly less conservative estimate suggested $2.9 billion (38%) savings for 35 of 50 drugs.Discussion: There is enormous potential for cost savings in the US market for generic cardiology drugs. By encouraging increased competition, decreasing administrative costs, and advocating for our patients to compare prices between the MCCPDC and other generic pharmaceutical dispensers, we have the potential to improve access to care and corresponding outcomes for cardiology patients.