bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells by Preventing Apoptosis
Authors: Cai Weiye , Song Chao , Liu Fei , Chen Rui , Gao Silong , Guo Daru , Mou Ning , Yang Chun , Xiong Zhongwei , Liu Zongchao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which resveratrol (Res) inhibits apoptosis and promotes proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, laying the groundwork for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP). The TCMSP database was used to find the gene targets for Res. The GeneCards database acquire the gene targets for OP. After discovering the potential target genes, GO, KEGG, and Reactome enrichment analysis were conducted. Verifying the major proteins involved in apoptosis can bind to Res using molecular docking. CCK8 measured the proliferative activity of mouse pre-osteoblasts in every group following Res intervention. Alkaline phosphatase staining (ALP) and alizarin red staining to measure the ability of osteogenic differentiation. RT-qPCR to determine the expression levels of Runx2 and OPG genes for osteogenic differentiation ability of cells. Western blot to measure the degree of apoptosis-related protein activity in each group following Res intervention. The biological processes investigated for GO of Res therapeutic OP involved in cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, negative regulation of apoptotic process, Aging, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand, according to potential therapeutic target enrichment study. Apoptosis, FoxO signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway are the primary KEGG signaling pathways. Recactome pathways are primarily engaged in Programmed Cell Death, Apoptosis, Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway, and Caspase activation via extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathways. This research established a new approach for Res treatment of OP by demonstrating how Res controls the apoptosis-related proteins TNF, IL6, and CASP3 to suppress osteoblast death and increase osteoclastogenesis.
Insomnia in cancer patients: a systematic literature review
Authors: Chekani Farid , Lipschitz Alan , Mensah-Osman Edith 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
PURPOSE
Cancer patients often experience insomnia which can remain undetected in clinical practice, exacerbating mood disturbance, fatigue, and immunosuppression and impacting quality of life (QoL) and treatment outcomes. This review aimed to identify risk factors for insomnia and susceptible populations among cancer patients, and to quantify the impact of insomnia on QoL.
METHODS
This systematic review utilized pre-defined search criteria to identify studies related to the epidemiology and humanistic impact of insomnia in adult (≥ 18 years) cancer patients and their caregivers in the Medline and EMBASE databases.
RESULTS
Search terms identified 1,371 publications; 82 of these met the inclusion criteria. The studies showed that insomnia was prevalent throughout patients’ cancer journeys. Insomnia often preceded the diagnosis of cancer by months and persisted for several years after treatment. Breast cancer was the tumor type with the most reports of insomnia. Insomnia substantially impacted patients’ QoL. Subgroups who might benefit most from treatment for insomnia were those receiving chemotherapy and those with comorbid psychological symptoms such as anxiety and depression. For many tumor types and patient populations there were few or no studies of insomnia.
CONCLUSIONS
The medical literature reports that insomnia is highly prevalent in cancer patients, and significantly affects their QoL. Detecting and treating insomnia should be an element in the comprehensive care of cancer patients, to improve their physical health, and emotional well-being and QoL.
Multiwavelength Constraints on the Origin of a Nearby Repeating Fast Radio Burst Source in a Globular Cluster
Authors: Pearlman Aaron , Scholz Paul , Bethapudi Suryarao , Hessels Jason , Kaspi Victoria , Kirsten Franz , Nimmo Kenzie , Spitler Laura , Fonseca Emmanuel , Meyers Bradley , Stairs Ingrid , Tan Chia Min , Bhardwaj Mohit , Chatterjee Shami , Cook Amanda , Curtin Alice , Dong Fengqiu , Eftekhari Tarraneh , Gaensler Bryan , Guver Tolga , Kaczmarek Jane , Leung Calvin , Masui Kiyoshi , Michilli Daniele , Prince Thomas , Sand Ketan , Shin Kaitlyn , Smith Kendrick , Tendulkar Shriharsh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Since fast radio bursts (FRBs) were discovered, their precise origins have remained a mystery. Multiwavelength observations of nearby FRB sources provide one of the best ways to make rapid progress in our understanding of the enigmatic FRB phenomenon. We present results from a sensitive, broadband multiwavelength X-ray and radio observational campaign of FRB 20200120E, the closest known extragalactic repeating FRB source. At a distance of 3.63 Mpc, FRB 20200120E resides in an exceptional location, within a ~10 Gyr-old globular cluster in the M81 galactic system. We place deep limits on both the persistent X-ray luminosity and prompt X-ray emission at the time of radio bursts from FRB 20200120E, which we use to constrain possible progenitors for the source. We compare our results to various classes of X-ray sources and transients. In particular, we find that FRB 20200120E is unlikely to be associated with: ultraluminous X-ray bursts (ULXBs), similar to those observed from objects of unknown origin in other extragalactic globular clusters; giant flares, like those observed from Galactic and extragalactic magnetars; or most intermediate flares and very bright short X-ray bursts, similar to those seen from magnetars in the Milky Way. We show that FRB 20200120E is also unlikely to be powered by a persistent or transient ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source or a young, extragalactic pulsar embedded in a Crab-like nebula. We also provide new constraints on the compatibility of FRB 20200120E with accretion-based FRB models involving X-ray binaries and models that require a synchrotron maser process from relativistic shocks to generate FRB emission. These results highlight the power that multiwavelength observations of nearby FRBs can provide for discriminating between potential FRB progenitor models.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Bidirectional and Multivariable Two-sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Haifan , Dang Xiaoqian , Wang Haoyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: The association between Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been reported by many observational studies in the Asian population. Here, we examined the bidirectional causal effects between GERD and RA by two sample MR analyses using genetic evidence. Methods: Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses were performed to determine the causal effect of the GERD (129080 cases vs 602604 control participants) on RA (6236 cases vs 147221 control participants) and RA on GERD respectively. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary analysis. Weighted median and MR-Egger regression were taken as supplements. The Cochran Q test evaluated the heterogeneity. Horizontal pleiotropy was detected by estimating the intercept term of MR-Egger regression. Further, multivariable MR analyses were performed to exclude the influence of confounding factors including years of schooling, BMI, and time spent watching television between GERD and RA. Result: Both The univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) provided strong evidence that the RA was causally and positively influenced by GERD (UVMR: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.25–1.76, P = 6.18*10− 6; MVMR: OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.24–2.31, P = 8.62*10− 4), while GERD was slightly influenced by RA (UVMR: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00-1.06, P = 0.042; MVMR: OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.00-1.07, P = 0.0271). Conclusion: Our comprehensive bidirectional MR analysis found that for the European population, GERD can induce the occurrence of RA (OR = 1.69, P < 0.00125), while RA only has a slight influence on GERD. Specifically, GERD patients are suffering a 69% increased risk of RA occurrence, which means GERD is a substantial risk factor for RA.
Perception, Sentiments, and the Level of Awareness toward the Dental Implant among General Population in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq
Authors: Amin Nzar Abdulqadr Muhammed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:Edentulism is one of the most commonly encountered conditions affecting the oral cavity. Dental implants have emerged as a widely accepted treatment option prosthodontically. However, lack of public awareness and the cost of the treatment act as barriers to limit their applicability.Objectives:To investigate the perception, sentiments and level of awareness toward the dental implant among the general population in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq.Materials and Methods:A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 1132 participants in Sulaimaniyah City, Iraq, from February 15, 2023, till August 15, 2023, to collect their sociodemographic data, knowledge and attitudes toward dental implants for their missing tooth/teeth.Results:The mean age of participants was 41.3±14.6 years, and most (30.7%) belong to the age group 31 - 44 years. Also, most of them were males (63.6%), married (75.3%), educated (91.3%), from rural areas (82.3%), and had >1 missing tooth (75%). Regarding the participants' knowledge of dental implants, most had information (78.4%) /heard about it (83.3%), mainly from dentists (43.6%); however, least of them (21.5%) /their family members (43%) had replaced missing teeth by dental implants. Additionally, the participant's attitudes toward the dental implant indicated that most of them were interested in replacing their missing teeth (88.8%) but did not do it due to financial reasons (87%) and considered replacement as a very important (92.5%) and safe process (79.2%). Also, most of them thought there was no substantial difference between artificial and natural tooth appearance/function (47.9%), preferred the conventional method for dental implant (47.7%), and would like to do an implant due to problems in dental appearance, speech, or dental function (81.5%). Finally, significant/highly significant differences were seen between each participant's factor (age, gender, marital status, education level, and residency) with most items of attitude/awareness toward dental implants.Conclusions:Most participantswere aware of the knowledge and attitude of dental implant for replacing missing tooth/teeth, especially males, married ones, educated individuals, and those from urban area; however, financial problem is the main obstacle. Additionally, the conventional method is preferable for replacing missing tooth/teeth using dental implants among studied individuals.
Analysis of Women's Menstrual Changes after COVID-19 Infection: a Descriptive Study
Authors: Han Ruxue , Jiang Xiaolin , Yang Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: In December, 2019, a pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) emerged in Wuhan, China. Since December 2022, China has adjusted anti-epidemic policies and a large-scale COVID-19 infection has emerged. We aimed to explore the menstrual changes of women before and after infection with the COVID-19.
Methods: This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. We collected data from participants infected with COVID-19 from January 1, 2023 to March 1, 2023 by issuing electronic questionnaires. Women were invited to fill out the questionnaire about their menstrual characteristic after COVID-19 infection.
Results: A total of 884 women with COVID-19 infections participated in the study. 662(74.9%) participants experienced changes in one or more of menstrual characteristics. Cycle length seemed to be the characteristic most likely to change (47.6%), followed by menstrual flow (41.7%), duration of menstrual periods (29.5%), degree of dysmenorrhea (29.0%) and intermenstrual bleeding (14.9%). The main clinical manifestations were menstruation delayed (26.3%), menstrual flow decreased (25.5%), dysmenorrhea relief (21.9%) and menstruation prolonged (21.0%). And we found new intermenstrual bleeding in 8.4% participants after COVID-19 infection. The menstrual change rate of the irregular menstrual group was significantly higher than that of the regular menstrual group (73.0% vs. 62.3%, P＜0.001).
Conclusions: COVID-19 infection may cause menstrual changes in most women. It is important to be aware of the menstrual changes after COVID-19 infection and to inform women about this issue.
Learning to Express Reward Prediction Error-like Dopaminergic Activity Requires Plastic Representations of Time
Authors: Shouval Harel , Cone Ian , Clopath Claudia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

The dominant theoretical framework to account for reinforcement learning in the brain is temporal difference (TD) reinforcement learning. The TD framework predicts that some neuronal elements should represent the reward prediction error (RPE), which means they signal the difference between the expected future rewards and the actual rewards. The prominence of the TD theory arises from the observation that firing properties of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area appear similar to those of RPE model-neurons in TD learning. Previous implementations of TD learning assume a fixed temporal basis for each stimulus that might eventually predict a reward. Here we show that such a fixed temporal basis is implausible and that certain predictions of TD learning are inconsistent with experiments. We propose instead an alternative theoretical framework, coined FLEX (Flexibly Learned Errors in Expected Reward). In FLEX, feature specific representations of time are learned, allowing for neural representations of stimuli to adjust their timing and relation to rewards in an online manner. In FLEX dopamine acts as an instructive signal which helps build temporal models of the environment. FLEX is a general theoretical framework that has many possible biophysical implementations. In order to show that FLEX is a feasible approach, we present a specific biophysically plausible model which implements the principles of FLEX. We show that this implementation can account for various reinforcement learning paradigms, and that its results and predictions are consistent with a preponderance of both existing and reanalyzed experimental data.
Twin home birth: Outcomes of 100 sets of twins in the care of a single practitioner
Authors: Fischbein Stuart James , Freeze Rixa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:Research on outcomes of community (home or birth center) twin birth is scarce. This study evaluates the outcomes of twin pregnancies entering care with a single practitioner in a community setting.Methods:This is a retrospective observational cohort study of 100 consecutive twin pregnancies planning community births during 12 years with a single obstetrician. Outcomes measured included mode of delivery; birth weights; Apgar scores; ante-, intra-, and post-partum transports; perineal integrity; delivery interval; blood loss; chorionicity; weight concordance; and other maternal or neonatal morbidity.Results:Of the 100 twin pregnancies who entered into care, 31 (31%) transferred to a hospital-based clinician prior to labor. The remaining 69 sets of twins were still in the obstetrician’s care at the onset of labor. Of those 69 pregnancies, 79.7% (n=55) were di-amniotic-di-chorionic and 21.3% (n=14) were mono-di. The vaginal delivery rate was 91.3% (n=63) including 16/21 primips/TOLACs (76.2%) and 47/48 multips (97.9%); 6 mothers (8.7%) had in-labor cesareans (1 multip and 5 primips). Rates of vaginal delivery did not vary significantly by chorionicity; 91.4% (53/58) of di-di and 90.9% (10/11) of mono-di twins gave birth vaginally.There were 8 transports in labor (11.6%) with 2 birthing vaginally and 6 via cesarean. Average gestational age was 39.0 weeks (range 35-42). Compared to primiparas, multiparas had less perineal trauma and higher rates of community, vaginal, and spontaneous vaginal birth. One twin infant and one mother required postpartum hospital transport. Of the babies born in a community setting, there was no serious morbidity requiring hospital treatment.Conclusions: A community birth leads to high rates of vaginal birth and good outcomes for both mothers and babies in properly selected twin pregnancies. Community twin birth with midwifery style care under specific protocol guidelines and with a skilled practitioner may be a reasonable choice for women wishing to avoid a cesarean section—especially when there is no option of a hospital vaginal birth. However, this study is underpowered to calculate uncommon adverse neonatal outcomes. Training of future practitioners in vaginal twin and breech birth skills remains an imperative.
High-entropy CoCrFeMnNi/B2 structure aluminide-laminated composites with enhanced mechanical properties
Authors: Wang Yu , Peng Xiangfei , Fallatah Ahmed M. , Qin Hongxing , Zhao Wenjuan , Zaki Zaki I. , Xu Hong , Liu Bin , Mao Hongkui , El-Bahy M. , Algadi Hassan , Wang Chao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
CoCrFeMnNi-based high-entropy/B2 structure aluminide-laminated composites were produced via the hot pressing diffusion sintering method at 1000 ℃. The results revealed that the aluminide structure layer based on the Al13(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)4 phase first transforms into Al8(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni)5 phases with a trigonal crystal structure and then gradually transitions into Al(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) phases with a B2 cubic crystal structure under high-temperature annealing. During high-temperature annealing, the elements Ni, Co, and Fe exhibit higher diffusion rates and diffusion amounts in the aluminide layer. The transformation of the aluminide layer is mainly influenced by the diffusion behavior of these elements. The absence of an oxidation interface barrier during high-temperature annealing results in multiple diffusion mechanisms, leading to the predominance of lattice diffusion and interface diffusion, which control the growth kinetic of the Al(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) phase layer. The hardness indentation of the B2-Al(Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) phases, obtained by high-temperature annealing, shows no cracks and exhibits a multi-slip system characteristic of ductile aluminum compounds. This ductile behavior helps to reduce the deformation resistance in the hard and brittle layer and decreases the likelihood of delamination failure during plastic deformation. The bending strength of high-entropy/aluminide-layered (HAL) composite materials after high-temperature annealing reaches 1000 MPa, with the main energy dissipation modes being the plastic deformation of ductile layer and fracture of the hard and brittle layer. Dynamic impact failure forms mainly include plastic deformation and delamination, with impact strength and energy consumption reaching 2317 MPa and 4750 J/mm3, respectively. This study provides phase formation sequence and dynamic mechanical properties of High-entropy CoCrFeMnNi/B2 structure aluminide-laminated composites which proved to be a new type of composites with good impact resistance.
A neuronal relay mediates muscle-adipose communication that drives systemic metabolic adaptation to high-sugar diets
Authors: Rewitz Kim , Kubrak Olga , Joergensen Anne , Koyama Takashi , Nagy Stanislav , Lassen Mette , Hald Jacob , Madsen Dennis , Halberg Kenneth , Texada Michael , Hansen Jakob 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Obesity leads to impaired insulin signaling and tissue sensitivity, which drive the onset of type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance leads to a reduction in cellular glucose uptake, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels, which consequently cause β-cell dysfunction and development of diabetes. Although improving insulin signaling is a key target for restoring whole-body glucose homeostasis and reversing diabetes, the multi-organ mechanisms that regulate insulin signaling and tissue sensitivity are poorly defined. We screened the secretome and receptome in Drosophila to identify the underlying interorgan hormonal crosstalk affecting diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. We identified complex interplay between muscle, neuronal, and fat tissues, mediated by the conserved BMP and LGR signaling pathways, which augments insulin signaling and improves dietary sugar tolerance. We found that muscle-derived BMP signaling is induced by sugar and governs neuronal Bursicon signaling. Acting through its LGR-family receptor, Bursicon both enhances insulin secretion and improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, thereby preventing sugar-induced hyperglycemia. Inhibition of Bursicon-LGR signaling in adipose tissue exacerbates sugar-induced insulin resistance, and we discovered that this condition could be alleviated by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Our findings identify a muscle-neuronal-fat tissue axis that drives metabolic adaptation to high-sugar conditions by modulating insulin secretion and adipocyte insulin sensitivity, highlighting mechanisms that may be exploited for the development of strategies for the treatment and reversal of insulin resistance.
Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) for Medical Radiation Technologists in Taiwan: A Nationwide Experience
Authors: Wen Shu-Yu , Tu Chun-Yuan , Huang Tzu-Jie , Cheng Ching-Hsueh , Liu Cheng-Heng , Lu Szu-Huai , Tsai Chiao-Ling , Huang Kuo-Ming , Yang Chih-Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
Competency-based medical education (CBME) is an outcomes-oriented approach focused on developing competencies that translate into clinical practice. Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) bridge competency assessment and clinical performance by delineating essential day-to-day activities that can be entrusted to trainees. EPAs have been widely adopted internationally, but not yet implemented for medical radiation professionals in Taiwan.
Materials and Methods:
A nationwide consensus process engaged 97 experts in radiation technology education representing diagnostic radiography, radiation therapy, and nuclear medicine. Preliminary EPAs were developed through nominal group technique and modified Delphi technique. Final EPAs were established through expert consensus meetings and evaluated for quality using the QUEPA and EQual tools. Additionally, 177 clinical staff were trained on EPA-based assessment.
Results:
Through iterative consensus building, 6 core EPAs with 18 component observable practice activities (OPAs) were developed, encompassing routines specific to each radiation technology specialty. QUEPA and EQual questionnaire data verified the EPAs were valid, reliable, and of high quality for clinical teaching and evaluation. Self-efficacy ratings demonstrated the training significantly improved clinical teachers’ EPA knowledge and implementation abilities across specialties.
Conclusion:
Consensus development of tailored EPAs and associated training enables rigorous competency assessment during medical radiation technology education in Taiwan. Further EPA expansion and training of clinical staff will enhance care quality by producing competent professionals.