bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidencia de casos de Covid 19 y su impacto en Atención primaria
Authors: Andrade Albán Noemí Rocío , Nauque Moposita Nelsinio Adolfo , Bustamante Yánez Diego Fernando , Peñaherrera Calvopiña María Victoria , Salvador Bonilla Ivonne Alexandra , Nauque Mopocita Diego Rolando 
Published: February 2023

Introducción: En diciembre del 2019 fue identificado el virus SARS-CoV-2 responsable de la infección COVID 19, en Ecuador se ha reportado hasta la actualidad 922.166 contagios y 35.754 muertes relacionadas con el coronavirus.
Metodología: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la situación actual de los pacientes confirmados con infección por SARS COV 2, en una unidad de atención primaria en la provincia de Cotopaxi. Es un estudio descriptivo y transversal en el que se incluyeron 121 pacientes del Centro de Salud de San Buenaventura diagnosticados de COVID 19 mediante la prueba de reacción de cadena de polimerasa (PCR), se agrupó a los casos confirmados por sexo, grupo etario y de acuerdo a la sintomatología presente el momento del diagnóstico. Se excluyeron a todos los pacientes sospechosos y contactos de los pacientes confirmados, que no contaban con PCR, así como también a aquellas personas que no tenían datos informativos completos.
Resultados y Discusión: De los 121 pacientes confirmados con infección por SARS COV 2: 60.4 % fueron hombres y 39,6% mujeres, el grupo de edad con mayor impacto estuvo entre 20 a 64 años, en lo referente a las comorbilidades se encontró a la obesidad (13.2%) como principal factor de riesgo, solo un 12.4% fueron asintomáticos y dentro de los sintomatología que presento este grupo de pacientes en orden de prevalencia fue la fiebre (30.6%), seguido de la odinofagia (21.5%), otros síntomas dermatológicos (1.7%) y gastrointestinales (5.8%) que fueron poco frecuentes. En atención primaria los pacientes con infección por SARS COV 2 pueden presentar un amplio espectro síntomas, pasando desde cuadros asintomáticos hasta síntomas muy floridos y específicos, como cuadros respiratorios severos descritos en la literatura, mismos que son motivo de derivación oportuna a unidades de mayor complejidad para su asistencia.
Conclusión: Cabe destacar que este estudio levantado al inicio de la pandemia fue primordial para llevar una estadística epidemiológica real de los casos de Covid 19 en atención primaria permitiendo reforzar las medidas de prevención, bioseguridad a nivel comunitario y evitar la tasa de eventos fatales.
Leveraging published randomized controlled trials to inform clinical trial design: a simulation-based study of laminectomy versus laminectomy and fusion
Authors: Meade Seth M. , Rajan Prashant V. , Rabah Nicholas M. , Mroz Thomas , Steinmetz Michael P. , Benzel Edward , Nowacki Amy S. , Salas-Vega Sebastian , Habboub Ghaith 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
The US-based Spinal Laminectomy versus Instrumented Pedicle Screw (SLIP) trial reported improvement in disability following laminectomy with fusion versus laminectomy alone for patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis. Despite using similar methods, a concurrent Swedish trial investigating the same question did not reach the same conclusion. The authors performed a simulation-based analysis to elucidate potential causes of these divergent results.

METHODS
The mean and standard deviation of the preoperative and 2-year postoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores for each study group (laminectomy with fusion and laminectomy alone) were collected from the spondylolisthesis stratum of the Swedish trial and used to create a MATLAB simulator using linear transformations to predict postoperative ODI distributions. Applying this simulator to both varied and published preoperative ODI distributions from the SLIP trial, the authors simulated the results of the US-based trial using treatment effects from the Swedish study and compared simulated US results to those published in the SLIP trial.

RESULTS
Simulated US results showed that as preoperative disability increased, the difference in postoperative ODI scores grew between treatment groups and increasingly favored laminectomy alone (p < 0.0001). In 100 simulations of a similarly sized US trial, the average mean change in ODI scores postoperatively was significantly higher than was published for laminectomy alone in the SLIP trial (−21.3 vs −17.9), whereas it was significantly lower than published for fusion (−16.9 vs −26.3).

CONCLUSIONS
The expected benefit of surgical treatments for spondylolisthesis varied according to preoperative disability. Adapting Swedish-estimated treatment effects to the US context mildly overapproximated the improvement in postoperative disability scores for laminectomy, but more severely underapproximated the improvement reported for laminectomy and fusion in the SLIP trial. The observed heterogeneity between these studies is influenced more by patient response to fusion than response to laminectomy. This analysis paves the way for future studies on the impact of preoperative treatment group heterogeneity, differences in surgical methods, and empirical design on reported clinical benefits. Although bayesian reanalysis of published randomized controlled trial data is susceptible to biases that typically limit post hoc analyses, the authors’ method offers a simple and cost-effective approach to improve the understanding of published clinical trial results and their implications for future studies.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA DALAM PESAN MORAL FILM THE EAST
Authors: Putri Sekar , Sulpajri Sukma 
Published: February 2023

Abstract : The East film is set in 1946 when the Netherlands entered the Indonesian national revolution period. A young soldier named Johan was fascinated by Army captain Raymond Westerling who led a counter-insurgency operation against Indonesian guerrillas and a clean-up operation in South Sulawesi, but gradually Johan began to question himself more and more about war. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research that uses data collection techniques, observation, documentation. While the data analysis technique is the content analysis model, by reducing data, displaying data, verifying or drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the film The East has a hidden or visible moral message in every scan, both verbally and visually. The results are in accordance with Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic signs in the form of Representament (Icon, Index, symbol), Object, Interpretant.

Keywords: moral message, semiotics, Object Representament, Interpretant.
MEDIA PEWARISAN PENGETAHUAN LOKAL MITIGASI GEMPA BERBASIS ARSITEKTUR BALE BELEQ SASAK SEGENTER DAN GUMANTER
Authors: Kariadi Dodik , Suprapto Wasis , Fitriyadi Slamat , M.Pd Gustin 
Published: February 2023

The research departs from the fact that the level of knowledge and skills of students in dealing with the earthquake in Lombok is low. Meanwhile, social science learning in schools does not contribute to the formation of students' knowledge and skills in dealing with earthquakes. In fact, the island of Lombok is an area with a high level of vulnerability to earthquake disasters in Indonesia. Thus, in this study, the main objective is to develop earthquake mitigation media sourced from the Sasak indigenous people themselves and allotment for schools in Lombok. The research method used is a research and development approach. From the research and development process, several results were obtained including: First, the more effective the learning process for teachers and students because they used earthquake mitigation media based on values ​​that existed in the Sasak community themselves; Second, the results of both quantitative and qualitative analysis show that earthquake mitigation media based on the value of the bale beleq architecture are able to improve the school's mitigation capability against earthquake disasters. So with the architectural value-based mitigation media that exists in the Sasak community itself, teachers and students are more effective and efficient in order to improve the ability of earthquake disaster mitigation in schools.
Keywords: Media, Knowledge, Mitigation, Architecture.
Evaluasi Sistem Kelistrikan Ruangan Rawat Inap Kelas Terpadu RSUD DR Muhammad Zein Painan
Authors: Juni Susanto Trino , Zulkarnaini  
Published: February 2023

Setiap ruangan memeiliki fungsi yang berbeda baik itu ruangan umum mapun khusus, Begitupun ruangan rawat inap kelas terpadu di RSUD Dr Muhammad Zein Painan yang berada didaerah Pesisir Selatan di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Oleh karena itu perlu pembaruan mengevaluasi dan menganalisa kembali pada Gedung rawat inap RS, terutama pada sistem kelistrikan, penerangan dan pembumian. Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah sesuai SNI dan PUIL 2011 atau tidak yang akan bisa membahayakan orang sekitar serta kenyamanan dan perangkat elektromedis di dalamnya. Hasil penelitian kualitas instalasi listrik menunjukkan dokumen gambar instalasi, rekapitulasi daya dan denah gedung tidak ada sehingga penulis membuat analisa gambar denah instalasi dan rekapitulasi daya, serta untuk pencahayaan ruangan pasien inap berkisar sebesar 250 lux dan toilet dari 100-200 lux berstandar SNI 6197:2011, dengan pengukuran digital lux meter mendapat data lux bervariasi setiap ruangan dan secara umum belum memenuhi standar yang ditentukan sehingga perlu di normalisasikan kembali, jika dibandingkan metode software DIALUX 11.0 versi tahun 2022 untuk mendapatkan nilai 250 lux, membutuhkan 3 titik lampu dengan 2000 lumen setiap lampunya sedangkan perhitungan manual tetap mendapatkan 2 titik lampu akan tetapi nilai lumennya diatas 2000 maka ruangan ruangan inap kelas terpadu memenuhi standar. Pengukuran pentanahan dinyatakan tidak baik yaitu 43,8 dalam range 200 ohm maka diperlukan penambahan elekroda batang sehingga nilai pentanahan kecil dibawah <5 ohm yaitu 2.28 Ω.
A mixed effects changepoint quantile regression model for longitudinal data with application on COVID-19 data
Authors: Ibrahim Wafaa I. M. , Gad Ahmed M. , Abd-Rabou Abd-Elnaser S. 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionLongitudinal individual response profiles could exhibit a mixture of two or more phases of increase or decrease in trend throughout the follow-up period, with one or more unknown transition points (changepoints). The detection and estimation of these changepoints is crucial. Most of the proposed statistical methods for detecting and estimating changepoints in literature rely on distributional assumptions that may not hold. In this case, a good alternative is to use a robust approach; the quantile regression model. There are methods in the literature to deal with quantile regression models with a changepoint. These methods ignore the within-subject dependence of longitudinal data.MethodsWe propose a mixed effects quantile regression model with changepoints to account for dependence structure in the longitudinal data. Fixed effects parameters, in addition to the location of the changepoint, are estimated using the profile estimation method. The stochastic approximation EM algorithm is proposed to estimate the fixed effects parameters exploiting the link between an asymmetric Laplace distribution and the quantile regression. In addition, the location of the changepoint is estimated using the usual optimization methods.Results and discussionA simulation study shows that the proposed estimation and inferential procedures perform reasonably well in finite samples. The practical use of the proposed model is illustrated using COVID-19 data. The data focus on the effect of global economic and health factors on the monthly death rate due to COVID-19 from 1 April 2020 to 30th April 2021. the results show a positive effect on the monthly number of patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units (ICUs) for both 0.5th and 0.8th quantiles of new monthly deaths per million. The stringency index, hospital beds, and diabetes prevalence have no significant effect on both 0.5th and 0.8th quantiles of new monthly deaths per million.
Transposable element and host silencing activity in gigantic genomes
Authors: Wang Jie , Yuan Liang , Tang Jiaxing , Liu Jiongyu , Sun Cheng , Itgen Michael W. , Chen Guiying , Sessions Stanley K. , Zhang Guangpu , Mueller Rachel Lockridge 
Published: February 2023

Transposable elements (TEs) and the silencing machinery of their hosts are engaged in a germline arms-race dynamic that shapes TE accumulation and, therefore, genome size. In animal species with extremely large genomes (&gt;10 Gb), TE accumulation has been pushed to the extreme, prompting the question of whether TE silencing also deviates from typical conditions. To address this question, we characterize TE silencing via two pathways—the piRNA pathway and KRAB-ZFP transcriptional repression—in the male and female gonads of Ranodon sibiricus, a salamander species with a ∼21 Gb genome. We quantify 1) genomic TE diversity, 2) TE expression, and 3) small RNA expression and find a significant relationship between the expression of piRNAs and TEs they target for silencing in both ovaries and testes. We also quantified TE silencing pathway gene expression in R. sibiricus and 14 other vertebrates with genome sizes ranging from 1 to 130 Gb and find no association between pathway expression and genome size. Taken together, our results reveal that the gigantic R. sibiricus genome includes at least 19 putatively active TE superfamilies, all of which are targeted by the piRNA pathway in proportion to their expression levels, suggesting comprehensive piRNA-mediated silencing. Testes have higher TE expression than ovaries, suggesting that they may contribute more to the species’ high genomic TE load. We posit that apparently conflicting interpretations of TE silencing and genomic gigantism in the literature, as well as the absence of a correlation between TE silencing pathway gene expression and genome size, can be reconciled by considering whether the TE community or the host is currently “on the attack” in the arms race dynamic.
Enhancing topic-specific prior knowledge of students impacts their outcomes in mathematics
Authors: Alreshidi Nawaf Awadh Khallaf 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate how enhancing topic-specific prior mathematical knowledge of students before introducing new topics impacts their outcomes in mathematics achievements.MethodsA quasi-experimental design was applied to two groups: a control group [students who did not receive enhancement for their topic-specific prior mathematical knowledge (N= 37)] and an experimental group [students who received enhancement for their topic-specific prior mathematical knowledge (N= 36)].ResultsThe results revealed that there were no significant differences between the students’ average scores in ‘conceptual knowledge’ in the immediate post-test for groups; however, the difference was significant in the delayed post-test in favor of the experimental group. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the students’ average scores in ‘procedural knowledge’ in both the immediate and delayed post-tests in favor of the experimental group.DiscussionThe results showed the importance of this strategy in improving students’ outcomes.
Differences in metabonomic profiles of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Di Fangfang , Gao Danfeng , Yao Lihua , Zhang Runjie , Qiu Jin , Song Liwen 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that often coexists with a metabolic disorder. Studies have demonstrated that the malfunction of adipose tissue, particularly abdominal adipose tissue, could exacerbate reproductive and metabolic problems in PCOS patients. Adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (e.g., lipids and metabolites) would then interact with other body organs, including the ovary, to maintain the systemic equilibrium.MethodsIn this study, we examined adipose samples from PCOS patients and unaffected individuals using a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabonomics approach (LC–MS/MS). PCOS biomarkers were selected using multivariate statistical analysis.ResultsOur pathway analysis revealed that these differential metabolites could be engaged in inflammatory diseases and mitochondrial beta-oxidation. We further developed an in vitro PCOS cell model to examine the effects of hyperandrogenism on granulosa cells and related metabolic disorders. We noted that isoleucine recovered the promotive effect on cell apoptosis, inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, sex hormone secretion, and mitochondrial function induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. Our gas chromatography–mass spectrometry targeted analysis (GC–MS/MS) revealed that isoleucine was significantly decreased in PCOS patients.DiscussionBased on these results, we speculate that metabolome alterations are vital in ameliorating PCOS symptoms. This may be a novel therapeutic target for PCOS treatment. Our study provides preliminary evidence that these findings will enhance our ability to accurately diagnose and intervene in PCOS.
Wide-area sound speed profile estimation based on a pre-classification scheme for sound speed perturbation modes
Authors: Liu Chen , Qu Ke 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe trend of sound speed profile (SSP) inversion is towards wide-area sound speed estimation. However, the traditional inversion method of dividing the latitude and longitude grids has limitations in terms of significantly lower accuracy when samples are lacking. k-means clustering algorithm (K-means) can divide the training class to achieve high accuracy estimation.MethodThis paper proposes a grid-free pre-classification inversion scheme based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) vectors. The scheme is based on the K-means to classify the samples according to the perturbation mode of the SSP. After classification, the SSP inversion is carried out using the self-organizing map algorithm (SOM). The experimental sea area is selected from the South China Sea, and the inversion results are evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) as the criterion.ResultThe inversion results show that the inversion error is 2.1 m/s for the pre-classification solution and 2.7 m/s for the solution without pre-classification, a steady improvement of more than 20% in the inversion error. Accuracy is also improved by 2.14 m/s in the depth range where the sound speed perturbance is greatest.DiscussionThis pre-classification scheme has smaller inversion errors and the classification results are reasonable in terms of distribution in time and space. It provides a feasible solution for SSP inversion in sea areas where samples are lacking.
Peginterferon lambda for the treatment of hospitalized patients with mild COVID-19: A pilot phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Kim Myung-Ho , Elbaz Josh , Jilg Nikolaus , Gustafson Jenna L. , Xu Min , Hatipoglu Dilara , Nohelty Eric , Kim Arthur Y. , Chung Raymond T. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous injection of peginterferon lambda in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.MethodsIn this study (NCT04343976), patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab were randomly assigned within 48 h to receive peginterferon lambda or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Participants were subcutaneously injected with a peginterferon lambda or saline placebo at baseline and day 7 and were followed up until day 14.ResultsWe enrolled 14 participants; 6 participants (85.7%) in the peginterferon lambda group and 1 participant (14.3%) in the placebo group were treated with remdesivir prior to enrollment. Fifty percent of participants were SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative at baseline although they tested SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive within 48 h of randomization. Among participants who were SARS-CoV-2 positive at baseline, 2 out of 5 participants (40%) in the peginterferon lambda group became negative at day 14, while 0 out of 2 participants (0%) in the placebo group achieved negativity for SARS-CoV-2 by day 14 (p &gt; 0.05). The median change in viral load (log copies per ml) was +1.72 (IQR −2.78 to 3.19) in the placebo group and −2.22 (IQR −3.24 to 0.55) in the peginterferon lambda group at day 14 (p = 0.24). Symptomatic changes did not differ between the two groups. Peginterferon lambda was well tolerated with a few treatment-related adverse effects.ConclusionPeginterferon lambda appears to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 viral load decline and improve plasma disease progression markers in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
The first dog-origin porcine circovirus type 4 complete genomic sequence have high homology with that of pig-derived strains
Authors: Xu Tong , Chen Lan , Huang Bing-Zhou , Zhu Ling , Sun Xian-Gang , Lai Si-Yuan , Ai Yan-Ru , Zhou Yuan-Cheng , Xu Zhi-Wen 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was discovered in 2019 and then proved to be pathogenic to piglets. Nevertheless, few studies were currently available about PCV4 infection in species other than pigs and there is no information about the prevalence of PCV4 in dogs.Methods: To fill this gap, 264 dog samples were collected from animal hospitals in the Southwest of China from 2021 to 2022 and screened for PCV4. Moreover, the complete genome of one PCV4 strain (SCABTC-Dog2022) were obtained successfully and shared a high identity (97.9-99.0%) with other PCV4 strains derived from pigs, dairy cows, raccoon dogs and foxes. The SCABTC-Dog2022 were analyzed together with 51 reference sequences.Results and Discussion: The detected results showed a low percentage of PCV-4 DNA (1.14%, 3/264), indicating that PCV4 could be identified in dogs in southwest China. Phylogenetic tree showed that SCABTC-Dog2022 strain derived from dog were clustered in a closed relative and geographically coherent branch with other PCV4 strains collected from four provinces (Sichuan, Fujian, Hunan and Inner Mongolia) of China. To our knowledge, it is the first detection of PCV4 in dogs globally. The association between PCV4 status and clinical syndromes in dogs deserves additional investigations.
Forebrain E-I balance controlled in cognition through coordinated inhibition and inhibitory transcriptome mechanism
Authors: Tian Tian , Cai You , Qin Xin , Wang Jiangang , Wang Yali , Yang Xin 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionForebrain neural networks are vital for cognitive functioning, and their excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) balance is governed by neural homeostasis. However, the homeostatic control strategies and transcriptomic mechanisms that maintain forebrain E-I balance and optimal cognition remain unclear.MethodsWe used patch-clamp and RNA sequencing to investigate the patterns of neural network homeostasis with suppressing forebrain excitatory neural activity and spatial training.ResultsWe found that inhibitory transmission and receptor transcription were reduced in tamoxifen-inducible Kir2.1 conditional knock-in mice. In contrast, spatial training increased inhibitory synaptic connections and the transcription of inhibitory receptors.DiscussionOur study provides significant evidence that inhibitory systems play a critical role in the homeostatic control of the E-I balance in the forebrain during cognitive training and E-I rebalance, and we have provided insights into multiple gene candidates for cognition-related homeostasis in the forebrain.