bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers to treatment and care for depression among the youth in Uganda: The role of mental health literacy
Authors: Amone-P'Olak Kennedy , Kakinda Adrian Ivan , Kibedi Henry , Omech Bernard 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDepression represents a significant mental health problem (MHP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially among early adults. Nevertheless, most early adults with depression do not seek treatment. Failure to recognize depression and knowledge about mental health literacy (MHL) may contribute to poor help-seeking behavior. This study assessed MHL, access and barriers to mental health care for depression among early adults in Uganda.MethodsData were collected from students in two of the largest universities in Uganda. Participants completed questionnaires on depression, MHL, sources of barriers and opportunities for MH service. Regression analyses and parametric tests were used to assess depression, access, barriers and opportunities to promote MH.ResultsAbout 12 per cent (n = 56) of the respondents were at the level of moderately severe to severe depression. Mental health literacy (MHL) scores were generally low ranging from “Ability to recognize mental disorders” (mean = 19.32, SD 3.22, range 18–32), and “Knowledge of risk factors” (mean = 4.39, SD 1.17, range 2–8), and “Knowledge of available information” (mean = 9.59, SD 2.53, range 5–20). Respondents reported barriers such as “stigma/discrimination” (65.53%), “lack of knowledge of where to receive help” (65.15%), “lack of trust in health workers” (62.56%), and “distant health facilities” (19.70%) that impede access to treatment and care. MHL significantly predicted depression (based on a continuous scale) (β = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.56, 0.70]) with the regression model yielding a significant fit [R2 = 0.40, F (2, 460) = 189.84, p &lt; 0.001].ConclusionsMHL is low among university students amidst several barriers such as stigma, fear, and lack of trust. To attenuate the negative effects of MHPs on wellbeing and lower the increased risk of psychopathology into adulthood, it is critical to prioritize MHL, address barriers to treatment and care, and develop the requisite infrastructure to tackle depression among early adults.
Physical activity levels and energy intake according to the presence of metabolic syndrome among single-household elderly in Korea: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016–2018
Authors: Sung Eun-Sook , Park Jonghoon 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundExercise and dietary and nutritional intake affect the risk and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in elderly people, effects that may differ according to sex in elderly single households (ESH). This study aimed to analyze the differences in physical activity (PA) levels and energy intake according to sex and prevalence of MetS among elderly people in Korea to investigate the relationships between these factors.MethodsData from 893 elderly individuals (aged &gt;65 years) were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018). We analyzed PA levels (occupational and recreational PA and place movement) and energy intake (EI; total, carbohydrate, protein, and fat), and found that there were sex differences in both according to the presence or absence of MetS in ESH.ResultsAmong both males and females, the MetS group had a significantly lower recreational moderate PA than the non-MetS group. However, total PA in males was significantly higher in the non-MetS than in the MetS group, but there was no significant difference in females. Furthermore, the EI of females did not differ in the presence or absence of MetS, except for fat intake, and in the nutritional intake of ESH in males, no difference was found in the presence or absence of MetS. We also found that in Odd ratio, “active” was associated with lowering high waist circumference (OR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.21–0.76), and “very active” was associated with lower MetS occurrence (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.33–0.81) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.55, 95%CI = 0.37–0.83).ConclusionsTherefore, in the MetS group of ESH, there was a significant correlation of the MetS component in PA rather than EI. Male ESH require interventions that increase PA, while female ESH require nutrition interventions that increase and balance PA. Therefore, a new program is needed that promotes continuous interest and healthy lifestyles in consideration of the characteristics of ESH.
Non-human and human service efficiency of long-term care facilities in China
Authors: Zhang Liangwen , Han Ying , Fang Ya 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionCare services provided by long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are currently plagued by care resource shortages and insufficient utilization. The analysis on the temporal and spatial distribution of human resources and non-human resources in LTCFs, could provide a basis to optimize resource allocation and efficient use of limited resources.MethodsThis study used data envelopment analysis to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency of human and non-human resources in different time spans and regions. The spatial Markov chain and spatial correlation were also applied to explore the heterogeneity of and correlation between the service efficiency of LTCFs in different regions and then analyzes the influencing factors of efficiency using Tobit regression model.ResultsThe quantitative changes in the service efficiency of LTCFs in various provinces showed a “W” shape in two periods, ranging from 0.8 to 1.6. The overall efficiency of LTCFs in different regions had a lower probability to achieve short-term cross-stage development. Non-human resource efficiency presented a “cluster” distribution mode, demonstrating a great probability to achieve cross-stage development, which might be due to the regional disparities of economic development and land resource. Tobit regression analysis results also showed that the comprehensive efficiency of LTCFs decreases by 0.210 for every square increase in construction space variation. However, human resource efficiency had a significant spatial polarization, making it difficult to develop area linkages. The reason for this might be the nursing staff have relatively stable regional characteristics, weakening the inter-provincial spatial connection. We also found that female workers, aged between 35 and 45 can positively affect the efficiency of LTCFs. Those staff stay focused and improve their skills, which might improve the efficiency of LTCFs. So improving technology and service quality changes by increasing female workers, aged between 35 and 45, and avoiding excessive construction space changes can enhance the growth of service quality and personnel stability of LTCFs.ConclusionThere is an urgent trade-off among staff quality improvement, resource reduction, construction excessive and substantial regional variation in efficiency. Therefore, strengthening policy support to encourage inter-regional initiatives, particularly highlighting the development of human resources interaction and common development is urgent.
Prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infections among children living in a setting of high coverage of standard interventions for malaria and helminths: Two population-based studies in Senegal
Authors: Afolabi Muhammed O. , Sow Doudou , Mbaye Ibrahima , Diouf Marie Pierre , Loum Mor Absa , Fall Elhadji Babacar , Seck Amadou , Manga Isaac A. , Cissé Cheikh , Camara Baba , Diouf Awa , Gaye Ndéye Aida , Colle Lo Aminata , Greenwood Brian , Ndiaye Jean Louis A. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundConcurrent infections of Plasmodium falciparum with Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) and Schistosoma spp are still a major public health problem among children living in Sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted two prospective studies among children living in urban and rural settings of Senegal, where control programmes for malaria, STH and schistosomiasis have been sustained, to determine the prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infection.MethodsWe enrolled 910 children aged 1–14 years from Saraya and Diourbel districts of Senegal in June and November 2021, respectively. We collected finger-prick blood samples from the children for malaria parasite detection using microscopy and PCR methods. Stool samples were also collected and Kato-Katz and PCR methods were used to detect STH and S. mansoni; and Merthiolate-iodine-formalin (MIF) test for other intestinal protozoans. Urine samples were analyzed using a filtration test, Point of Care Circulating Cathodic Antigens (POC-CCA) and PCR methods for detection of S. haematobium. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the continuous and categorical variables across the two study sites and age groups, as well as using the adjusted Odds ratios (aOR) to explore risk factors for malaria-helminth co-infections.ResultsThe overall prevalence of polyparasitism with P. falciparum, STH, S. haematobium and S. mansoni among children in the two study sites was 2.2% (20/910) while prevalence of P. falciparum-S. haematobium co-infection was 1.1% (10/910); P. falciparum-S. mansoni 0.7% (6/910) and P. falciparum with any intestinal protozoan 2.4% (22/910). Co-infection was slightly higher among 5–14 year old children (17/629, 2.7%; 95% CI: 1.43–3.97) than 1–4 years (3/281, 1.1%; 95% CI: −0.12–2.32) and, in boys (13/567, 2.3%; 95% CI: 1.27–3.96) than girls (7/343, 2.1%; 95% CI: 0.52–3.48). Children aged 5–14 years (aOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 0.82–13.77, p = 0.09), who were boys (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.48–4.36, p = 0.51) and lived in Saraya (aOR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.24–6.69, p = 0.77) had a higher risk of malaria-helminth co-infection than other age group, in girls and those who lived in Diourbel. Living in houses with spaces between the walls and roofs as well as frequent contacts with water during swimming were statistically significant risk factors for malaria-helminth co-infection.ConclusionsThe prevalence of malaria-helminth co-infection is low in two districts in Senegal, possibly due to sustained implementation of effective control measures for malaria and NTDs. These findings could help to develop and implement strategies that would lead to elimination of malaria and helminths in the study areas.
Psychological distress, intimate partner violence and substance use in a representative sample from Mexico: A structural equation model
Authors: Ortega Ceballos Paola Adanari , Rivera Rivera Leonor , Reynales Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Austria Corrales Fernando , Toledano-Toledano Filiberto , Pérez Amezcua Berenice 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health concern associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, including psychological distress (PD).ObjectiveTo assess the association of IPV and psychological distress, and the mediation of tobacco and alcohol consumption in a national representative sample from Mexico.Material and methodsData from the Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Tabaco y Alcohol (ENCODAT) were analyzed. The sample included 34,864 people between the ages of 12 and 65 with a partner. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the association between IPV, use alcohol, tobacco and psychological distress was measured.ResultsThe population was composed of women (51.9%) and men (48.1%); 15.1% (women = 18.2% and men = 11.9%) reported IPV in the last year. The prevalence of psychological distress in the last year was 3.3%, being 3.8% in women, and 2.7% in men. Results from the SEM in women indicated a direct positive effect of the IPV construct on psychological distress (β = 0.298, p &lt; 0.01); these findings confirmed that IPV tended to systematically increase psychological distress. Likewise, the presence of IPV increased the consumption of tobacco (β = 0.077, p &lt; 0.01) and alcohol (β = 0.072, p &lt; 0.01). The SEM results in men showed that alcohol and tobacco consumption tended to increase in the presence of IPV (β = 0.121, p &lt; 0.01, and β = 0.086, p &lt; 0.01, respectively), and in turn, alcohol consumption and tobacco tended to increase psychological distress (β = 0.024, p &lt; 0.01, and β = 0.025, p &lt; 0.01, respectively).ConclusionThis study indicated that in women, IPV had a direct effect on psychological distress and on alcohol and tobacco consumption. Meanwhile in men, alcohol and tobacco consumption had a mediating effect between IPV and psychological distress. The empirical findings of this study will contribute toward the design of public health policies for the prevention and attention of IPV, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and consequently address the mental health consequences derived from these problems.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among adults in Hawassa City Administration, Sidama Region, Ethiopia: A community-based study
Authors: Yohannes Seblewongel , Alemayehu Akalewold , Woldesenbet Yohannes Markos , Tadele Temesgen , Dangiso Desta , Birhanu Muntasha , Woldesemayat Endrias Markos 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 vaccine is one of the key measures to control the disease. However, some people are hesitant to take the vaccine. The objective of this study was to assess COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and associated factors among adults in Hawassa City Administration, South Ethiopia.MethodFrom March 1 to 30, 2022, we conducted a community-based cross-sectional study among randomly selected 622 adults in Hawassa City Administration. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. Data were collected through a pretested structured questionnaire that was administered by four trained high school graduates. Data entry and analysis were done using the SPSS version 20 statistical package. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed. Statistically significant associations were reported at p-value &lt;0.05.ResultAmong the participants, 400 of them (64.3%) had a high level of knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccine) and 425 of them (68.3%) had a positive attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine. The level of vaccine hesitancy was 165 (26.5%) and vaccine acceptance was 457 (73.5%). The main reason for willingness to take the vaccine was to protect oneself from COVID-19 (364 participants, 58.5%), and for unwillingness, it was fear of the vaccine (154 participants, 24.8%). Mass media was the main source of information about the vaccine (472 participants, 75.9%). Age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2–3.7), religion (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.1–5.9), history of COVID-19 disease (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–14.9), knowledge related to the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2–3.1), and attitude toward the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 13.2, 95% CI: 8.3–20.9) were factors associated with vaccine hesitancy.ConclusionA low proportion of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was observed among our study participants. Improving people's awareness could help to improve vaccine acceptance. It is important to focus interventions on the identified risk factors of vaccine hesitancy.
Different names, different discrimination? How perceptions of names can explain rental discrimination
Authors: Martiniello Billie , Verhaeghe Pieter-Paul 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe aim of this research is to look into how signals carried by names can contribute to the explanation of why rental discrimination is measured. Ethnic discrimination on the rental housing market is a widespread phenomenon that is increasingly captured in an objective way by means of correspondence studies. This methodology assumes that the trigger for the measured discriminatory behavior is the signal of ethnic origin in names. Nonetheless, previous research found that names also contain other signals such as religiosity, social class and educational level.MethodThe current study relates data of 3.753 correspondence tests on the Flemish rental housing market in Belgium to survey data about the perception of the used names in the correspondence tests in terms of ethnic origin, gender, religiosity, social class and educational level. By doing so, we can set a step in the direction of why discrimination is measured.Results and discussionWe find that realtors discriminate based on the perception of a name as religious, which we describe as religious taste-based discrimination. Besides, we also find indications for statistical discrimination. For landlords, the perception of a name as non-European increases discrimination, indicating ethnic taste-based discrimination.
Prediction of red blood cell transfusion after orthopedic surgery using an interpretable machine learning framework
Authors: Chen Yifeng , Cai Xiaoyu , Cao Zicheng , Lin Jie , Huang Wenyu , Zhuang Yuan , Xiao Lehan , Guan Xiaozhen , Wang Ying , Xia Xingqiu , Jiao Feng , Du Xiangjun , Jiang Guozhi , Wang Deqing 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivePostoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is widely used during the perioperative period but is often associated with a high risk of infection and complications. However, prediction models for RBC transfusion in patients with orthopedic surgery have not yet been developed. We aimed to identify predictors and constructed prediction models for RBC transfusion after orthopedic surgery using interpretable machine learning algorithms.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study reviewed a total of 59,605 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery from June 2013 to January 2019 across 7 tertiary hospitals in China. Patients were randomly split into training (80%) and test subsets (20%). The feature selection method of recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to identify an optimal feature subset from thirty preoperative variables, and six machine learning algorithms were applied to develop prediction models. The Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value was employed to evaluate the contribution of each predictor towards the prediction of postoperative RBC transfusion. For simplicity of the clinical utility, a risk score system was further established using the top risk factors identified by machine learning models.ResultsOf the 59,605 patients with orthopedic surgery, 19,921 (33.40%) underwent postoperative RBC transfusion. The CatBoost model exhibited an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.824–0.836) on the test subset, which significantly outperformed five other prediction models. The risk of RBC transfusion was associated with old age (&gt;60 years) and low RBC count (&lt;4.0 × 1012/L) with clear threshold effects. Extremes of BMI, low albumin, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, repair and plastic operations on joint structures were additional top predictors for RBC transfusion. The risk score system derived from six risk factors performed well with an AUC of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.794–0.807) on the test subset.ConclusionBy applying an interpretable machine learning framework in a large-scale multicenter retrospective cohort, we identified novel modifiable risk factors and developed prediction models with good performance for postoperative RBC transfusion in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Our findings may allow more precise identification of high-risk patients for optimal control of risk factors and achieve personalized RBC transfusion for orthopedic patients.
Anti-Tuberculosis Mur Inhibitors: Structural Insights and the Way Ahead for Development of Novel Agents
Authors: Mehta Kunal , Khambete Mihir , Abhyankar Arundhati , Omri Abdelwahab 
Published: March 2023

Mur enzymes serve as critical molecular devices for the synthesis of UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide, the main building block of bacterial peptidoglycan polymer. These enzymes have been extensively studied for bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Various selective and mixed Mur inhibitors have been designed and synthesized in the past few years. However, this class of enzymes remains relatively unexplored for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), and thus offers a promising approach for drug design to overcome the challenges of battling this global pandemic. This review aims to explore the potential of Mur enzymes of Mtb by systematically scrutinizing the structural aspects of various reported bacterial inhibitors and implications concerning their activity. Diverse chemical scaffolds such as thiazolidinones, pyrazole, thiazole, etc., as well as natural compounds and repurposed compounds, have been reviewed to understand their in silico interactions with the receptor or their enzyme inhibition potential. The structural diversity and wide array of substituents indicate the scope of the research into developing varied analogs and providing valuable information for the purpose of modifying reported inhibitors of other multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Therefore, this provides an opportunity to expand the arsenal against Mtb and overcome multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.
Surjektifitas Pemetaan Eksponensial untuk Grup Lie Heisenberg yang Diperumum
Authors: Kurniadi Edi , Maharani Putri Giza , Kartiwa Alit 
Published: March 2023

The Heisenberg Lie Group is the most frequently used model for studying the representation theory of Lie groups. This Lie group is modular-noncompact and its Lie algebra is nilpotent. The elements of Heisenberg Lie group and algebra can be expressed in the form of matrices of size 3×3. Another specialty is also inherited by its three-dimensional Lie algebra and is called the Lie Heisenberg algebra. The Heisenberg Lie Group whose Lie Algebra is extended to the dimension 2n+1 is called the generalized Heisenberg Lie group and it is denoted by H whose Lie algebra is h_n. In this study, the surjectiveness of exponential mapping for H was studied with respect to h_n=⟨x ̅,y ̅,z ̅⟩ whose Lie bracket is given by [X_i,Y_i ]=Z. The purpose of this research is to prove the characterization of the Lie subgroup with respect to h_n. In this study, the results were obtained that if ⟨x ̅,y ̅ ⟩=:V⊆h_n a subspace and a set {e^(x_i ) e^(x_j ) ┤| x_i,x_j∈V }=:L⊆H then L=H and consequently Lie(L)≠V.
Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique Pada Model Logit dan Probit Status Pengangguran Terdidik
Authors: Fatimah Fatimah , Fitrianto Anwar , Indahwati Indahwati , Erfiani Erfiani , Khikmah Khusnia Nurul 
Published: March 2023

Educated unemployment is caused by a misalignment of educational development planning and employment development, resulting in underemployed graduates from various educational institutions. Unemployment data in DKI Jakarta shows an unequal class. Unbalanced data is a severe problem of modeling because it can cause prediction errors that affect the accuracy of the resulting model. Using SMOTE to handle unbalanced data will likely increase the model’s accuracy. This study aims to find the best model for identifying the factors influencing the status of educated unemployment using logit and probit models and handling unbalanced data using SMOTE. The results showed that the independent variables that affect the status of educated unemployment in the logit and probit models are the same: age group and participation in training. The independent variables that affect the status of educated unemployment in the logit and probit models with SMOTE are also the same: age group, marital status, and participation in training. Unbalanced data handling using SMOTE can increase the balanced accuracy value significantly. Balanced accuracy values for the logit and probit models with SMOTE are higher than the logit and probit models without SMOTE. The logit model with SMOTE is the best because it has the highest balanced accuracy value compared to other models. According to the logit model with SMOTE, the educated unemployed in DKI Jakarta are young and have never married. There is a need for the government to play a role in improving the quality of educational institutions in producing graduates who meet company qualifications and can be hired by employers. Unemployed people who have attended the training, despite having a higher education, may also become unemployed. The training provided has not been able to reduce the unemployment rate. As a result, the government should be able to provide training to improve entrepreneurship skills while also providing capital in the form of business loans to reduce educated unemployment.