bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted mutagenesis of the vacuolar H+ translocating pyrophosphatase gene reduces grain chalkiness in rice
Authors: Gann Peter James Icalia , Dharwadker Dominic , Cherati Sajedeh Rezaei , Vinzant Kari , Khodakovskaya Mariya , Srivastava Vibha 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYGrain chalkiness is a major concern in rice production because it impacts milling yield and cooking quality, eventually reducing market value of the rice. A gene encoding vacuolar H+ translocating pyrophosphatase (V‐PPase) is a major quantitative trait locus in indica rice, controlling grain chalkiness. Higher transcriptional activity of this gene is associated with increased chalk content. However, whether the suppression of V‐PPase could reduce chalkiness is not clear. Furthermore, natural variation in the chalkiness of japonica rice has not been linked with V‐PPase. Here, we describe promoter targeting of the japonica V‐PPase allele that led to reduced grain chalkiness and the development of more translucent grains. Disruption of a putative GATA element by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 suppressed V‐PPase activity, reduced grain chalkiness and impacted post‐germination growth that could be rescued by the exogenous supply of sucrose. The mature grains of the targeted lines showed a much lower percentage of large or medium chalk. Interestingly, the targeted lines developed a significantly lower chalk under heat stress, a major inducer of grain chalk. Metabolomic analysis showed that pathways related to starch and sugar metabolism were affected in the developing grains of the targeted lines that correlated with higher inorganic pyrophosphate and starch contents and upregulation of starch biosynthesis genes. In summary, we show a biotechnology approach of reducing grain chalkiness in rice by downregulating the transcriptional activity of V‐PPase that presumably leads to altered metabolic rates, including starch biosynthesis, resulting in more compact packing of starch granules and formation of translucent rice grains.
Supplemental Material: Structural Analysis and Chronologic Constraints on Progressive Deformation within the Rincon Mountains, Arizona: Implications for Development of Metamorphic Core Complexes
Authors: Davis George , al. et 
Published: May 2023

<p>(A) Rock samples referenced in volume, (B) Multispectral analysis workflow, (C) Zircon U-Pb geochronology, (D) <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar geochronology methods, (E) <sup>40</sup>K-<sup>40</sup>Ar dating of fault gouge, (F) Zircon and apatite U-Th-[Sm])/He thermochronology, and (G) Apatite U-Pb and fission-track thermochronology. </p>
Recurrent reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption in a male adult patient associated withMycoplasma pneumoniae, SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus
Authors: van Dam Valerie , Bonny Michiel , Desmet Soetkin 
Published: May 2023

We present a case of a man in his early 30s who developed four episodes of reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption (RIME), in association with different infectious pathogens.RIME is a recently implemented term to describe mucocutaneous eruptions associated with respiratory pathogens. These eruptions are characterised by predominant mucosal involvement of two or more mucous membranes and limited cutaneous involvement. The disease course and prognosis are mostly favourable, especially in recurrent episodes of RIME in the same patient. In recurrent episodes of RIME,Mycoplasma pneumoniaeis often identified as the infectious trigger in the first episode.
Can $$1/N_c$$ corrections destroy the saturation of dipole densities?
Authors: Levin Eugene 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper we discuss a well known QCD result: the steep increase of Green’s function for exchange of n BFKL Pomerons $$G_{n I\!\!P}\left( Y\right) \propto \exp \left( \frac{n^2}{N^2_c} \Delta _{\hbox {\tiny BFKL}} Y\right) $$

G

n
I

P

Y

∝
exp

n
2

N
c
2

Δ

BFKL

Y

where $$N_c $$

N
c

is the number of colours ,Y is the rapidity and $$\Delta _{\hbox {\tiny BFKL}}$$

Δ

BFKL

is the intercept of the BFKL Pomeron. We consider this problem in the framework of the simple Pomeon models in zero transverse dimensions, which have two advantages :(i) they allow to take into account all shadowing corrections, including the summation of the Pomeron loops and (ii) they have the same as in QCD striking increase of $$G_{n I\!\!P}\left( Y\right) $$

G

n
I

P

Y

. We found that the strength of shadowing corrections is not enough to stop the increase of the scattering amplitude with energy in contradiction to the unitarity constraints. Hence, our answer to the question in the title is positive. We believe that we need to search an approach beyond of the BFKL Pomeron calculus to treat $$1/N_c$$

1
/

N
c

corrections in Colour Glass Condensate effective theory.
Parallelising Control Flow in Dynamic-scheduling High-level Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Jianyi , Josipović Lana , Wickerson John , Constantinides George A. 
Published: May 2023

Recently, there is a trend to use high-level synthesis (HLS) tools to generate dynamically scheduled hardware. The generated hardware is made up of components connected using handshake signals. These handshake signals schedule the components at runtime when inputs become available. Such approaches promise superior performance on “irregular” source programs, such as those whose control flow depends on input data. This is at the cost of additional area. Current dynamic scheduling techniques are well able to exploit parallelism among instructions
within
each basic block (BB) of the source program, but parallelism
between
BBs is under-explored, due to the complexity in runtime control flows and memory dependencies. Existing tools allow some of the operations of different BBs to overlap, but to simplify the analysis required at compile time they require the BBs to
start
in strict program order, thus limiting the achievable parallelism and overall performance.

We formulate a general dependency model suitable for comparing the ability of different dynamic scheduling approaches to extract maximal parallelism at runtime. Using this model, we explore a variety of mechanisms for runtime scheduling, incorporating and generalising existing approaches. In particular, we precisely identify the restrictions in existing scheduling implementation and define possible optimisation solutions. We identify two particularly promising examples where the compile-time overhead is small and the area overhead is minimal and yet we are able to significantly speed up execution time: (1) parallelising consecutive independent loops; and (2) parallelising independent inner-loop instances in a nested loop as individual threads. Using benchmark sets from related works, we compare our proposed toolflow against a state-of-the-art dynamic-scheduling HLS tool called Dynamatic. Our results show that, on average, our toolflow yields a 4× speedup from (1) and a 2.9× speedup from (2), with a negligible area overhead. This increases to a 14.3× average speedup when combining (1) and (2).
Achievement of Target Glycemic Goal with Simple Basal Insulin Regimen in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fukuoka Misao , Yasuhi Ichiro , Yamashita Hiroshi , Ashimoto Kensuke , Kurata Nao , Yamaguchi Junko , Koga Megumi , Sugimi So , Suga Sachie , Fukuda Masashi 
Published: May 2023

There is little evidence concerning the need to treat gestational diabetes (GDM) in the same way as pregestational diabetes. We evaluated the efficacy of the simple insulin injection (SII) regimen for achieving the target glucose goal without increasing adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnant women with GDM. All subjects underwent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), and insulin therapy was indicated according to the SMBG profile. Insulin was initially started with the SII regimen, in which one daily injection of NPH insulin before breakfast was used, and another NPH injection was added at bedtime, if necessary. We used the target glucose as <95 mg/dL at fasting and <120 mg/dL postprandial and accepted <130 mg/dL for the latter. If the target glucose did not reach with the regimen, we switched to the multiple daily injection (MDI) with additional prandial insulin aspart. We compared the SMBG profile before delivery as well as the perinatal outcomes between the SII and MDI groups. Among 361 women (age 33.7 years, nullipara 41%, prepregnancy body mass index 23.2 kg/m2) with GDM, 59%, 18%, and 23% were in the diet-alone, SII, and MDI groups, respectively. Consequently, regarding women requiring insulin therapy, 43% were treated with the SII regimen throughout pregnancy. The severity of baseline hyperglycemia according to the SMBG data at baseline was the MDI>the SII>the diet group. The rate of achieving target glucose levels before delivery in the SII group at fasting,

postprandial
<
120

mg/dL and <130 mg/dL were 93%, 54% and 87%, respectively, which were similar to that in the MDI group (93%, 57%, and 93%, respectively), with no significant differences in perinatal outcomes. In conclusion, more than 40% of women with GDM requiring insulin therapy achieved the target glucose goal with this simple insulin regimen without any increase in adverse effects.
Area Deprivation Index in Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: Associations with Tumor Characteristics and Outcomes
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Patterson Anne , Molina-Vega Julissa , Rothschild Harriet , Clelland Elle , Ewing Cheryl A. , Mujir Firdows , Esserman Laura J. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Mukhtar Rita A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background:
Although investigators have shown associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and outcomes in breast cancer, there is a paucity of such data for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the second most common type of breast cancer. Herein we evaluated the relationship between SES with tumor features and outcomes in stage I to III patients with ILC.

Methods:
We analyzed a prospectively maintained institutional ILC database and utilized the area deprivation index (ADI) to determine neighborhood adversity, an indicator of SES. We used Cox proportional hazards models in Stata 17.0 to evaluate relationships between ADI quintile (Q), race, body mass index (BMI), clinicopathologic features, treatment type, and event-free survival (EFS).

Results:
Of 804 patients with ILC, 21.4% lived in neighborhoods classified as ADI Q1 (least resource-deprived) and 19.7% in Q5 (most resource-deprived). Higher deprivation was significantly associated with larger tumor size (3.6 cm in Q5 vs. 3.1 cm in Q1), increased presence of lymphovascular invasion (8.9% in Q5 vs. 6.7% in Q1), and decreased use of adjuvant endocrine therapy (67.1% in Q5 vs. 73.6% in Q1). On multivariable analysis, tumor size, receptor subtypes, and omission of adjuvant endocrine therapy were associated with reduced EFS.

Conclusions:
These data show that patients with ILC and higher ADI experience more aggressive tumors and differences in treatment. More data evaluating the complex relationships between these factors is needed to optimize outcomes for patients with ILC, regardless of SES.

Impact:
ADI is associated with differences in patients with ILC.
Prediagnostic 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Association with Cancer-specific and All-cause Mortality among Low-income, Non-Hispanic Black Americans with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lawler Thomas P. , Khankari Nikhil K. , Shu Xiao-Ou , Steinwandel Mark , Cai Qiuyin , Jurutka Peter W. , Zheng Wei , Warren Andersen Shaneda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Observational studies show high prediagnosis 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Results from clinical trials suggest vitamin D supplementation may improve outcomes among patients with colorectal cancer. Most studies included few Black Americans, who typically have lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D. We evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality after colorectal cancer diagnosis among Black American cases.Methods:Data arose from 218 Black Americans from the Southern Community Cohort Study diagnosed with colorectal cancer during follow-up (age 40–79 at enrollment). Prediagnostic 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured at enrollment and categorized as deficient (&lt;12 ng/mL), insufficient (12–19.9 ng/mL), or sufficient (≥20 ng/mL). Mortality was determined from the National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and mortality.Results:As a continuous exposure, higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D was associated with overall mortality [HR = 0.79 (0.65–0.96) per-SD increase, Ptrend = 0.02] and colorectal cancer–specific mortality [HR = 0.83 (0.64–1.08), Ptrend = 0.16]. For overall mortality, associations were strongest among females [HR = 0.65 (0.42–0.92)], current smokers [HR = 0.61 (0.38–0.98)], and obese participants [HR = 0.47 (0.29–0.77)]. Compared with those with deficiency, participants with sufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D had lower overall mortality after multivariable adjustment [HR: 0.61 (0.37–1.01)].Conclusions:Prediagnosis 25-hydroxyvitamin D is inversely associated with overall and colorectal cancer–specific mortality among Black Americans with colorectal cancer. Correcting vitamin D deficiency may improve survival of these patients, particularly for obese individuals and smokers.Impact:Our results support including more Black Americans in trials of vitamin D supplementations to improve colorectal cancer outcomes.
Systolic Blood Pressure Control Targets to Prevent Major Cardiovascular Events and Death in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Qianqian , Zheng Ruizhi , Wang Siyu , Zhu Jiamin , Li Mian , Wang Tiange , Zhao Zhiyun , Xu Min , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Xu Yu 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Previous meta-analyses using traditional pairwise comparisons did not support intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control in patients with diabetes and included trials published before 2015. We aimed to identify the optimal SBP control targets in patients with type 2 diabetes using a systematic review and network meta-analysis of accumulating evidence.

METHODS:
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to August 29, 2022 for randomized controlled trials comparing different blood pressure targets, antihypertensive agents against placebo, or dual antihypertensive agents against single agent in patients with type 2 diabetes. Network meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled results of direct and indirect comparisons of each 5 mm Hg SBP category in association with clinical outcomes adjusted for baseline risk and intervention duration (PROSPERO [International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews], CRD42022316697).

RESULTS:
We identified 30 trials including 59 934 patients with type 2 diabetes. The mean achieved SBP levels ranged from 117 mm Hg to 144 mm Hg among treatment groups. A total of 7799 major cardiovascular diseases events and 4130 deaths were reported. The lowest risk of major cardiovascular diseases was found in patients with achieved SBP level of 120 to 124 mm Hg. The hazard ratio and 95% CI were 0.73 (0.52–1.02) compared with 130 to 134 mm Hg, 0.60 (0.41–0.85) compared with 140 to 144 mm Hg, and 0.41 (0.26–0.63) compared with ≥150 mm Hg. Similar results were found for cardiovascular diseases components including stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and cardiovascular death. All-cause death was reduced at an achieved SBP <140 mm Hg but further reduction did not show additional benefits.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings support an intensive blood pressure-lowering strategy to prevent major cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The first positive evidence that training improves triage decisions in Greece: evidence from emergency nurses at an Academic Tertiary Care Emergency Department
Authors: Zagalioti Sofia-Chrysovalantou , Fyntanidou Barbara , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Lallas Konstantinos , Ziaka Mairi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Triage refers to the process of patient prioritisation in the emergency department (ED). This is based on the severity of the patient’s illness and is performed by emergency nurses (ENs). This has a pivotal role in ensuring patient safety and in ensuring that the ED operates smoothly – so continuous and accurate training are essential. As Emergency Nursing has been formally established in Greece since 2019, it is of the uppermost importance that all Greek ENs should be trained in the use of a standardised triage system. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of triage training of ENs in the use of the Swiss Triage System (STS) after an intervention of one week.

Methods
The effect of triage training was studied experimentally by comparing performance before and one week after training. A sample of thirty-six ENs from the University Department of Emergency Medicine at AHEPA University Hospital took part. The role of training in triage by the STS was assessed by completing the same self-administered questionnaire before and after a 45-minute e-learning program (presentation video of STS but with simulation scenarios) which was available during the period of a week. The post-training test was taken 2 weeks later, after the training process.

Results
The most promising finding was that there was a significant improvement in the number of correct answers after the training in triage (p<0.001). A significant improvement was also detected (p<0.001) in the questions that tested vigilance in providing safe health services by ENs, whereas there was no significant association between the number of correct answers and years of emergency experience or level of education, - either before or after the intervention.

Conclusions
Triage training seems to successfully improve effective and efficient triage. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has demonstrated that triage training has a significant positive impact on triage performance by ENs in Greece. It is planned to support these findings by real time studies in an ED.
Association of depressive symptoms with Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale score in community-dwelling older adults living in the state of emergency
Authors: Imaoka Masakazu , Nakamura Misa , Tasaki Fumie , Inoue Takao , Orui Junya , Imai Ryota , Hida Mitsumasa , Nakao Hidetoshi , Takeda Masatoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Under the state of emergency, it has been reported that the amount of physical activity among community-dwelling older adults has decreased significantly due to refraining from going out, and there are strong concerns about the Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale and deterioration of mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the depressive state before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the 25-Geriatric Locomotive (GLFS) score during the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults.

Methods
The participants were 194 community-dwelling older adults (45 men, 149 women) with an average age of 75.5 ± 5.5 years who responded to a self-administered survey conducted three times (preliminary, second, and third) from before the 2018 COVID-19 pandemic to March 2021. Individuals with a score of ≥ 10 on the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (GDS 15) were excluded. The survey items included the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS25), GDS 15, and other basic attributes. Those with scores of 5 to 9 on the GDS 15 and those with scores of 0 to 4 were assigned to the depressive symptoms (DS) group and the non-DS group, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance. The Mann–Whitney U test was used for comparisons between the groups.

Results
In total, 187 patients were included in the analysis, excluding 7 patients. GLFS 25 showed a significant increase in scores at the second and third time points compared with baseline, and a main effect was confirmed in both groups, with no interaction effect. The second time, the score was 10.0 ± 8.5 and 13.7 ± 10.5 in the non-DS and DS groups, respectively. The third time, the non-DS and DS groups scored 10.8 ± 10.5 and 14.9 ± 10.1 points, respectively, indicating a significant difference.

Conclusions
Our results revealed that the increase in the GLFS 25 score in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic was related to their DS during normal times before the pandemic. Evaluating such individuals and providing social support may effectively reduce the deterioration of the GLFS 25 score.
The burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a longitudinal analysis from the global burden of disease dataset 1990—2019
Authors: Al-Ajlouni Yazan A. , Al Ta’ani Omar , Mushasha Rand , Lee Justin Lin , Capoor Jaishree , Kapadia Mitul R. , Alejandro Ruth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMusculoskeletal (MSK) disorders are one of the main causes of disability among adults globally. The burden of MSK disorders varies greatly between different regions and is the highest in low- and middle income- countries. This study sought to investigate trends in the burden of MSK disorders across the MENA region, utilizing the GBD 2019 dataset.MethodsThis ecological study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) to report on the burden of musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders in The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 1990 and 2019. Our analysis involved descriptive statistics and sociodemographic trends and did not employ any specific statistical analyses. Using age-standardized rates of prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we reported trends in the burden of MSK disorders, as well as national variation between different countries. Furthermore, we analyzed trends in risk factors contributing to MSK disorders by age and gender.ResultsThe longitudinal analysis from 1990 to 2019 showed an increase in the age-standardized rate for prevalence and DALYs of MSK disorders by 5% and 4.80%, respectively. Low back pain continued to be the most prevalent MSK condition, while RA and other MSK disorders had the largest percentage increase for DALYs between 1990 and 2019. The study found that Afghanistan had the lowest age standardized DALYs rate attributed to MSK disorders, while Iran, Turkey, and Jordan had the highest. Further, Syria showed the most dramatic decrease while Saudi Arabia had the most notable increase in age standardized DALY rates from 1990 to 2019. In 2019, occupational risks, high body mass index, and tobacco smoking were the main risk factors for MSK disorders, with occupational risks being the largest contributor, and between 1990 and 2019, there was a decrease in the contribution of occupational risks but an increase in the contribution of high body mass index as a risk factor.ConclusionThis study highlights the significant burden of MSK disorders in the MENA region, with various risk factors contributing to its increasing prevalence in recent decades. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying factors and potential interventions that could improve health outcomes. Addressing MSK disorders should be a public health priority in the region, and efforts should be made to develop effective strategies to prevent and manage this debilitating condition.