bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neochordae implantation versus leaflet resection in mitral valve posterior leaflet prolapse and dilated left ventricle: a propensity score matching comparison with long-term follow-up
Authors: Del Forno Benedetto , Tavana Kevin , Ruffo Claudio , Carino Davide , Lapenna Elisabetta , Ascione Guido , Bisogno Arturo , Belluschi Igor , Scarale Maria Giovanna , Nonis Alessandro , Monaco Fabrizio , Alfieri Ottavio , Castiglioni Alessandro , Maisano Francesco , De Bonis Michele 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Uncorrected severe mitral regurgitation (MR) due to posterior prolapse leads to left ventricular dilatation. At this stage, mitral valve repair becomes mandatory to avoid permanent myocardial injury. However, which technique among neochoardae implantation and leaflet resection provides the best results in this scenario remains unknown.

METHODS
We selected 332 patients with left ventricular dilatation and severe degenerative MR due to posterior leaflet (PL) prolapse who underwent neochoardae implantation (85 patients) or PL resection (247 patients) at our institution between 2008 and 2020. A propensity score matching analysis was carried on to decrease the differences at baseline.

RESULTS
Matching yielded 85 neochordae implantations and 85 PL resections. At 10 years, freedom from cardiac death and freedom from mitral valve reoperation were 92.6 ± 6.1% vs 97.8 ± 2.1% and 97.7 ± 2.2% vs 95 ± 3% in the neochordae group and in the PL resection group, respectively. The MR ≥2+ recurrence rate was 23.9 ± 10% in the neochordae group and 20.8 ± 5.8% in the PL resection group (P = 0.834) at 10 years. At the last follow-up, the neochordae group showed a higher reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (44 vs 48 mm; P = 0.001) and a better ejection fraction (60% vs 55%; P &lt; 0.001) compared to PL resection group.

CONCLUSIONS
In this subgroup of patients, both neochordae implantation and leaflet resection provide excellent durability of the repair in the long term. Neochordae implantation might have a better effect on dilated left ventricle.
Pituitary function before and after surgery for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas—data from the Swedish Pituitary Register
Authors: Al-Shamkhi Nasrin , Berinder Katarina , Borg Henrik , Burman Pia , Dahlqvist Per , Höybye Charlotte , Olsson Daniel S , Ragnarsson Oskar , Ekman Bertil , Edén Engström Britt 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
Data on pre- and postoperative pituitary function in nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are not consistent. We aimed to investigate pituitary function before and up to 5 years after transsphenoidal surgery with emphasis on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA).

Design and methods
Data from the Swedish Pituitary Register was used to analyze anterior pituitary function in 838 patients with NFPA diagnosed between 1991 and 2014. Patients who were reoperated or had received radiotherapy were excluded.

Results
Preoperative ACTH, TSH, LH/FSH, and GH deficiencies were reported in 31% (236/755), 39% (300/769), 51% (378/742), and 28% (170/604) of the patients, respectively. Preoperative median tumor volume was 5.0 (2.4-9.0) cm3. Among patients with preoperative, 1 year and 5 years postoperative data on the HPA axis (n = 428), 125 (29%) were ACTH-deficient preoperatively. One year postoperatively, 26% (32/125) of them had recovered ACTH function while 23% (70/303) patients had developed new ACTH deficiency. Thus, 1 year postoperatively, 163 (38%) patients were ACTH-deficient (P &lt; .001 vs. preoperatively). No further increase was seen 5 years postoperatively (36%, P = .096). At 1 year postoperatively, recoveries in the TSH and LH/FSH axes were reported in 14% (33/241) and 15% (46/310), respectively, and new deficiencies in 22% (88/403) and 29% (83/288), respectively.

Conclusions
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone deficiency increased significantly at 1 year postoperatively. Even though not significant, some patients recovered from or developed new deficiency between 1 and 5 years postoperatively. This pattern was seen in all axes. Our study emphasizes that continuous individual evaluations are needed during longer follow-up of patients operated for NFPA.
Are units of analysis properly considered in orthodontic meta-analyses?
Authors: Mheissen Samer , Daraqel Baraa , Wafaie Khaled , Khan Haris 
Published: August 2023

Summary

Background
Assessment of unit of analysis (UoA) in meta-analysis with cluster, split-mouth, repeated measures designs, and multiple intervention groups is a fundamental step in the analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the UoAs in orthodontic meta-analysis and determine the error of the analysis.

Methods
An electronic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library and PubMed to identify orthodontic systematic reviews (SRs) with meta-analyses published in Cochrane and in the highest impact orthodontic journals between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022. SRs with meta-analysis assessing at least one of the following UoAs; cluster trials, crossover trials, multiple observations, or multiple intervention groups were included. Screening and data extraction were undertaken by two investigators independently. Descriptive statistics for the study characteristics were provided. The associations between avoiding the unit analysis error (yes, no) and the study characteristics were examined using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test. Logistic regression was undertaken for the significant predictors.

Results
Eighty SRs were deemed eligible for inclusion. Only 30 per cent of the included SRs avoided UoA errors. Compared to the split-mouth design, repeated measures designs had higher odds of avoiding UoA error (odds ratio: 9.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.8–32.3, P &lt; 0.001). In contrast, fewer odds of avoiding the UoA error were found in the cluster design (OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.4–1.3, P = 0.09). Though multiple intervention groups have higher odds of avoiding UoA error than split-mouth studies, this was not statistically significant (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 0.5–8, P = 0.28). None of the SRs characteristics have influenced the appropriate handling of the unit analysis except the type of the journal; the odds of avoiding the UoA error were higher in Cochrane reviews than the non-Cochrane reviews (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2–8.7, P = 0.02), and the number of authors (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
UoA errors are common in orthodontic meta-analyses and were only partially avoided in split-mouth design, repeated measures design, and multiple intervention groups.
Effects of probiotics on the oral health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Wener , Ren Jianhan , Li Jiachen , Peng Simin , Zhang Chengfei , Lin Yifan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and objective
The effect of probiotics on oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients remains controversial. The aim of the study is to systematically review and assess the effects of probiotics on the oral health and microbiome of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Search methods and selection criteria
Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global databases were searched from their inception until June 2022. Randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of probiotics on clinical and microbial outcomes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included.

Data collection and analysis
Data screening and collection were performed, and the risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The meta-analysis evaluated the effects of probiotics on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus counts. The quality of the evidence from the meta-analyses was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Results
A total of 405 records were identified, of which 15 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 4 in the meta-analysis. The patients in all the included studies were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Results regarding clinical outcomes were controversial; four out of five studies reported no significant changes in plaque in the probiotic group (P &gt; .05), and two out of three studies reported no significant changes in the gingival index (P &gt; .05). Regarding microbial outcomes, the meta-analysis results revealed that probiotics significantly increased the likelihood of reducing the abundance of S. mutans to below 105 CFU/ml (risk ratio: 2.05 [1.54, 2.72], P &lt; .001) and reduced the likelihood of increasing the abundance of S. mutans to beyond 106 CFU/ml (risk ratio: 0.48 [0.28, 0.83], P = .009). However, the quality of evidence according to the GRADE was moderate.

Conclusions and implications
There is insufficient evidence to determine the clinical benefits of probiotics as a supplement for the oral health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. However, probiotics may have benefits in reducing the salivary S. mutans counts in orthodontic patients.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42022366650).
Initial heart rate score predicts new-onset atrial tachyarrhythmias in pacemaker patients
Authors: Hayashi Katsuhide , Abe Haruhiko , Olshansky Brian , Sharma Arjun D , Jones Paul W , Wold Nicholas , Perschbacher David , Kohno Ritsuko , Richards Mark , Wilkoff Bruce L 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Heart rate score (HRSc), the per cent of atrial paced and sensed event in the largest 10 b.p.m. rate histogram bin of a pacemaker, predicts survival in patients with cardiac devices. No correlation between HRSc and development of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been reported. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between pacemaker post-implantation HRSc and the incidence of newly developed atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATAs).

Methods and results
Patients with dual-chamber pacemakers, implanted 2013–17, with the LATITUDE remote monitoring data with ≥600 000 beats of histogram data collected at baseline were included (N = 34 543). Heart rate score was determined from the initial 3-month post-implantation histogram data. Patients were excluded if they had ATAs, defined as atrial high-rate episodes &gt;5 min or &gt;1% of right atrial beats &gt;170 b.p.m. during the initial 3 months post-implantation. New ATAs, after the baseline period, were defined by each of the following: &gt;1, &gt;10, or &gt;25% of atrial beats &gt;170 b.p.m. or atrial tachycardia response (ATR) events &gt;24 h. Patients were followed a median of 2.8 (1.0–4.0) years. The incidence of ATAs increased in proportion to HRSc (log-rank P-value &lt;0.001), and the initial HRSc ≥70% was associated with increased ATAs by all definitions. Patients with initial HRSc ≥70% were older, had a higher percentage of right atrium pacing (%RA pacing), had a lower percentage of right ventricular pacing (%RV pacing), and were more likely programmed with rate-response vs. subjects with HRSc &lt;70%. Initial HRSc (hazard ratio: 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.05–1.09; P &lt; 0.0001) independently predicted ATAs after adjusting for age, gender, %RV pacing, and rate-response programming. The %RA pacing and initial HRSc were correlated.

Conclusion
Heart rate score independently predicts any subsequent duration of ATAs in pacemaker patients.
Application of Internet hospitals for first-visit patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic in China
Authors: Zhang Ye , Zhang Ye , Huang Jie , Dong Liang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
There has been controversy over whether to carry out online medical inquiries and electronic prescription for first-visit patients. While Internet hospitals have become crucial to ensure providing online diagnosis and prescription needs for first-visit COVID-positive patients.

Objective
We describe the results and advantages of online medical treatment during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak and analyse the results and advantages of online medical treatment.

Methods
Data were collected from the patients who received online medical inquiry services through the COVID-19 Special Section of our Internet hospital. The user demographic characteristics, user behaviour, clinical symptoms and medical records were collected. Baseline data of offline outpatient patients were also collected.

Results
A total of 16 173 online medical inquiries were included. The daily online outpatient service volume reached a peak of 2446 person-times. The median age was 29.92 years (SD 15.59), ranging from 20–39 years (n = 8870, 54.84%). A total of 89.20% (n = 14 426/16 173) patients had epidemic-related symptoms. Moreover, 23.35% of the people were diagnosed as COVID-19-positive through antigen or nucleic acid testing. Furthermore, 86.61% (14 008/16 173) of the patients visited our hospital for the first time or had no offline physical outpatient service record within the past 3 months. The demand for medical inquiries was mainly for drug dispensing, followed by medication guidance and disease diagnosis. And 2.07% (334/16 173) of the patients needed to go to the offline hospital for further treatment.

Conclusion
The service model of the COVID-19 Special Section based on Internet hospitals provided the public with the necessary medical support during the COVID-19 outbreak. It provides a reference for future pandemics or public health emergencies.
Phenotypic rate and state are decoupled in response to river-to-lake transitions in cichlid fishes
Authors: Burress Edward D , Muñoz Martha M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Geographic access to isolated ecosystems is an important catalyst of adaptive radiation. Cichlid fishes repeatedly colonized rift, crater, and volcanic lakes from surrounding rivers. We test the “lake effect” on the phenotypic rate and state across 253 cichlid species. The rate of evolution was consistently higher (~10-fold) in lakes, and consistent across different dimensions of the phenotype. Rate shifts tended to occur coincident with or immediately following river-to-lake transitions, generally resulting in 2- to 5-fold faster rates than in the founding riverine lineage. By contrast, river- and lake-dwelling cichlids exhibit considerable overlap in phenotypes, generally with less disparity in lakes, but often different evolutionary optima. Taken together, these results suggest that lake radiations rapidly expand into niches largely already represented by ancestral riverine lineages, albeit in different frequencies. Lakes may provide ecological opportunity via ecological release (e.g., from predators/competitors) but need not be coupled with access to novel ecological niches.
Considering equity and cost-effectiveness in assessing a parenting intervention to promote early childhood development in rural Vietnam
Authors: Baek Yeji , Ademi Zanfina , Tran Thach , Owen Alice , Nguyen Trang , Luchters Stanley , Hipgrave David B , Hanieh Sarah , Tran Tuan , Tran Ha , Biggs Beverley-Ann , Fisher Jane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Considering equity in early childhood development (ECD) is important to ensure healthy development for every child. Equity-informative cost-effectiveness analysis can further guide decision makers to maximize outcomes with limited resources while promoting equity. This cost-effectiveness study aimed to examine the equity impacts of a multicomponent ECD intervention in rural Vietnam. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of the intervention with a 30-month time horizon from the service provider and household perspectives with equity considerations. Data were from a cluster-randomized controlled trial comparing the intervention with the local standard of care. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) per child cognitive development score gained were estimated by household wealth quintile and maternal education level, adjusted for cluster effects and baseline characteristics such as maternal parity and age. A 3% discount rate was applied to costs, and non-parametric cluster bootstrapping was used to examine uncertainty around ICERs. Children in the intervention had higher cognitive development scores than those in the control arm across all subgroups. Based on intervention recurrent cost, the ICER per cognitive development score gained was lower in children from the poorest quintile (−US$6) compared to those from the richest quintile (US$16). Similarly, the ICER per cognitive development score gained was lower in children whose mothers had the lowest education level (−US$0.02) than those with mothers who had the highest education level (US$7). Even though our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the insufficient study power, the findings suggest that the intervention could promote equity while improving child cognitive development with greater cost-effectiveness in disadvantaged groups.
Multiomics comparison among populations of three plant sources of Amomi Fructus
Authors: Chen Xinlian , Sun Shichao , Han Xiaoxu , Li Cheng , Wang Fengjiao , Nie Bao , Hou Zhuangwei , Yang Song , Ji Jiaojiao , Li Ge , Wang Yanqian , Han Xiaoyu , Yue Jianjun , Li Cui , Li Wei , Zhang Lixia , Yang Depo , Wang Li 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Amomi Fructus (Sharen, AF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from three source species (or varieties), including Wurfbainia villosa var. villosa (WVV), W. villosa var. xanthioides (WVX), or W. longiligularis (WL). Among them, WVV has been transplanted from its top-geoherb region, Guangdong, to its current main production area, Yunnan, for &gt;50 years in China. However, the genetic and transcriptomic differentiation among multiple AF source species (or varieties) and between the origin and transplanted populations of WVV is unknown. In our study, the observed overall higher expression of terpenoid biosynthesis genes in WVV than in WVX provided possible evidence for the better pharmacological effect of WVV. We also screened six candidate borneol dehydrogenases (BDHs) that potentially catalyzed borneol into camphor in WVV and functionally verified them. Highly expressed genes at the P2 stage of WVV, Wv05G1424 and Wv05G1438, were capable of catalyzing the formation of camphor from (+)-borneol, (−)-borneol and DL-isoborneol. Moreover, the BDH genes may experience independent evolution after acquiring the ancestral copies, and the following tandem duplications might account for the abundant camphor content in WVV. Furthermore, four populations of WVV, WVX, and WL are genetically differentiated, and the gene flow from WVX to WVV in Yunnan contributed to the greater genetic diversity in the introduced population (WVV-JH) than in its top-geoherb region (WVV-YC), which showed the lowest genetic diversity and might undergo genetic degradation. In addition, terpene synthesis (TPS) and BDH genes were selected among populations of multiple AF source species (or varieties) and between the top- and non-top-geoherb regions, which might explain the difference in metabolites between these populations. Our findings provide important guidance for the conservation, genetic improvement, and industrial development of the three source species (or varieties) and for identifying top-geoherbalism with molecular markers, and proper clinical application of AF.
Validation of a laser projection platform for the preparation of surgical patches used in paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Saunders Tiffany , Recco Dominic , Kneier Nicholas , Kizilski Shannen , Hammer Peter , Hoganson David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Reconstruction of cardiovascular anatomy with patch material is integral to the repair of congenital heart disease. We present validation of a laser projection platform for the preparation of surgical patches as a proof-of-concept for intraoperative use in patient-specific planning of paediatric cardiac surgery reconstructions.

METHODS
The MicroLASERGUIDE, a compact laser projection system that displays computer-aided designs onto 2D/3D surfaces, serves as an alternative to physical templates. A non-inferiority comparison of dimensional measurements was conducted between laser projection (‘laser’) and OZAKI AVNeo Template (‘template’) methods in creation of 51 (each group) size 13 valve leaflets from unfixed bovine pericardium. A digital version of the OZAKI AVNeo Template dimensions served as control. Feasibility testing was performed with other common patch materials (fixed bovine pericardium, PTFE and porcine main pulmonary artery as a substitute for pulmonary homograft) and sizes (13, 23) (n = 3 each group).

RESULTS
Compared to control (height 21.5, length 21.0 mm), template height and length were smaller (height and length differences of −0.3 [−0.5 to 0.0] and −0.4 [−0.8 to −0.1] mm, P &lt; 0.01 each); whereas, both laser height and length were relatively similar (height and length differences of height 0.0 [−0.2 to 0.2], P = 0.804, and 0.2 [−0.1 to 0.4] mm, P = 0.029). Template percent error for height and length was −1.5 (−2.3 to 0.0)% and −1.9 (−3.7 to −0.6)% vs 0.2 (−1.0 to 1.1)% and 1.0 (−0.5 to 1.8)% for the laser. Similar results were found with other materials and sizes. Overall, laser sample dimensions differed by a maximum of 5% (∼1 mm) from the control.

CONCLUSIONS
The laser projection platform has demonstrated promise as an alternative methodology for the preparation of surgical patches for use in cardiac surgery. This technology has potential to revolutionize preoperative surgical planning for numerous congenital anomalies that require patient-specific patch-augmented repair.
The 3′ Untranslated Regions of Ebola Virus mRNAs Contain AU-Rich Elements Involved in Posttranscriptional Stabilization and Decay
Authors: Nelson Emily V , Ross Stephen J , Olejnik Judith , Hume Adam J , Deeney Dylan J , King Emily , Grimins Autumn O , Lyons Shawn M , Cifuentes Daniel , Mühlberger Elke 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of Ebola virus (EBOV) mRNAs are enriched in their AU content and therefore represent potential targets for RNA binding proteins targeting AU-rich elements (ARE-BPs). ARE-BPs are known to fine-tune RNA turnover and translational activity. We identified putative AREs within EBOV mRNA 3′ UTRs and assessed whether they might modulate mRNA stability. Using mammalian and zebrafish embryo reporter assays, we show a conserved, ARE-BP-mediated stabilizing effect and increased reporter activity with the tested EBOV 3′ UTRs. When coexpressed with the prototypic ARE-BP tristetraprolin (TTP, ZFP36) that mainly destabilizes its target mRNAs, the EBOV nucleoprotein (NP) 3′ UTR resulted in decreased reporter gene activity. Coexpression of NP with TTP led to reduced NP protein expression and diminished EBOV minigenome activity. In conclusion, the enrichment of AU residues in EBOV 3′ UTRs makes them possible targets for cellular ARE-BPs, leading to modulation of RNA stability and translational activity.
Shigella Serotypes Associated With Carriage in Humans Establish Persistent Infection in Zebrafish
Authors: Torraca Vincenzo , Brokatzky Dominik , Miles Sydney L , Chong Charlotte E , De Silva P Malaka , Baker Stephen , Jenkins Claire , Holt Kathryn E , Baker Kate S , Mostowy Serge 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Shigella represents a paraphyletic group of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. More than 40 Shigella serotypes have been reported. However, most cases within the men who have sex with men (MSM) community are attributed to 3 serotypes: Shigella sonnei unique serotype and Shigella flexneri 2a and 3a serotypes. Using the zebrafish model, we demonstrate that Shigella can establish persistent infection in vivo. Bacteria are not cleared by the immune system and become antibiotic tolerant. Establishment of persistent infection depends on the O-antigen, a key constituent of the bacterial surface and a serotype determinant. Representative isolates associated with MSM transmission persist in zebrafish, while representative isolates of a serotype not associated with MSM transmission do not. Isolates of a Shigella serotype establishing persistent infections elicited significantly less macrophage death in vivo than isolates of a serotype unable to persist. We conclude that zebrafish are a valuable platform to illuminate factors underlying establishment of Shigella persistent infection in humans.