bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROMIS-25 Reliability and Validity Among Children Living with Burn Injury: A Burn Model System National Database Study
Authors: Bamer Alyssa M , McMullen Kara , Humbert Andrew , Kazis Lewis , Ryan Colleen M , Schneider Jeffrey C , Stewart Barclay T , Suman Oscar E , Amtmann Dagmar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study examined the reliability and validity of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement System (PROMIS)-25, a profile instrument consisting of four-item fixed short forms for six health domains, in children living with burn injury. Data were provided by children participating in a multi-center longitudinal study of outcomes after burn injury. Floor and ceiling effects, unidimensionality, internal consistency, reliability, and differential item functioning (DIF) of the PROMIS-25 Profile v.2.0 were examined. Correlations with other established measures were calculated to assess concurrent validity. Children (n = 256) between the ages of 8–18 years with moderate to severe injury provided responses on PROMIS-25 domains. All PROMIS-25 domains showed high internal consistency. Substantial portions of the sample reported no symptoms (anxiety [58.2%], depressive symptoms [54.6%], fatigue [50.8%], pain [60.1%]). There was a large ceiling effect on peer relationships (46.8%) and physical function mobility (57.5%). One-factor confirmatory factor analyses supported unidimensionality for all domains. Reliability was sufficient for group mean comparisons (&gt;0.8) across at least some trait levels for most domains except fatigue and anxiety. No DIF with respect to burn status was detected when comparing the burn sample to the PROMIS pediatric general U.S. population testing sample. These results provide evidence of reliability and validity of PROMIS-25 scores among children living with burn injury. Reliability of domains was low to moderate and would likely be improved, and ceiling effects reduced for some domains, by administering the PROMIS-37, which includes six items per domain.
Effects of temperature and pressure on the wave responses of deep carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Ruan Chuantong , Li Fei , Ba Jing , Carcione José M , Wu Chunfang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeep carbonate reservoirs are subject to in-situ conditions of high temperature and high pressure. We consider six water-saturated dolomite specimens from these reservoirs and perform ultrasonic experiments to obtain the P- and S-wave waveforms and velocities under different pressure and temperature conditions. The P-wave attenuation is estimated using the spectral-ratio method. The results show that with the increase of temperature, the velocities slightly decrease and attenuation increases. At effective pressures &lt;40 MPa, the P-wave velocities increase sharply with pressure and then approximately linearly at higher pressures, while attenuation decreases gradually with pressure. The crack porosity as a function of pressure is obtained from the experimental data. The P-wave velocities decrease with this porosity while attenuation shows an opposite behavior. Then, a multiscale poroelasticity model considering micro-, meso- and macro-scale fluid-flow mechanisms is proposed to analyze the effects of the fluid properties, temperature and crack content on the wave responses. The model results agree well with the experimental data at different pressures, which provides a theoretical basis for the analysis of broadband wave velocity dispersion and attenuation phenomena of carbonate reservoirs and underground porous media in general.
Association of chronic opioid therapy with emergency department visits and hospitalizations among super-utilizers
Authors: Surbhi Satya , Harris Leonard J , Box Amanda , Bailey James E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Patients with complex medical needs and high inpatient utilization frequently use opioids for non-malignant chronic pain. We examine the association between chronic opioid therapy and healthcare utilization among high-need, high-cost patients insured by Medicare.

Methods
This study is a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries in a medically underserved metropolitan area. Patients were included in the study if they had ≥2 hospitalizations or ≥1 hospitalization and ≥2 emergency department (ED) visits in a 6-month-period preceding an index hospitalization between July 2011 and June 2014. Exclusion criteria included substance abuse, psychosis and malignancy. Multivariable negative binomial regression models assessed associations between baseline opioid medication use and subsequent ED and hospital visits for the study population and two subgroups: (1) those with chronic pain and (2) those with both chronic pain and a primary care provider.

Key findings
The majority of high-need, high-cost patients filled opioid prescriptions of ≥7-day supply (51%). Yet only 2.7% of patients with chronic pain received an opioid prescription of ≥7-day supply from an ED provider in the baseline period. Overall (n = 677), receipt of a ≥7-day opioid supply was positively associated with subsequent ED utilization but not subsequent hospitalization. Among those with chronic pain and ≥1 primary care practice visit (N = 481), opioid use was associated with inpatient utilization but not ED utilization. Receipt of adjuvant pain prescriptions was not protective of hospitalizations or ED visits.

Conclusions
Chronic pain and opioid therapy are common among high-need, high-cost patients and they are independently associated with higher ED and hospital utilization. Novel patient-centred outpatient pain management strategies have potential to reduce inpatient care in this population.
The link between knowledge and practices in relation to herbal supplement use: for a rapid transfer of knowledge in the field of phytovigilance and pharmacovigilance health care systems
Authors: Abdulla Naseem Mohammed , Blair Iain , Ádám Balázs , Oulhaj Abderrahim , Jairoun Ammar Abdulrahman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The use of health supplements (HSs) is increasing globally. It is essential to better understand health care providers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding HS use and their associated adverse events (AEs). Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study of health care professionals in Dubai.

Methods
Four hundred and twenty-seven health care professionals from hospitals, clinics (public and private) and community pharmacies completed an online questionnaire that collected demographic data and enquired about their experience with HSs. Simple descriptive statistics were used to characterise participants. Based on 10 questions, a summary score was created for the overall KAP of respondents. For each question, an affirmative response scored 1 and a negative response scored 0. A total score of 10 was therefore obtainable; logistic regression was used to identify the correlates of those scores.

Key findings
The results showed that 18.3% (n = 78) of respondents had good KAP concerning HS, 38.9% (n = 166) had fair KAP and 42.9% (n = 183) had poor KAP. Scores were significantly higher among non-UAE nationals compared with UAE nationals (P = 0.001), among physicians and pharmacists compared with other health care practitioners (P = 0.000), and among practitioners with more than 6 years of experience compared to those with 6 years of experience or less (0.017). No association was found between KAP scores and age, marital status, employment status or educational level.

Conclusion
Despite the popularity and widespread use of HS among the general population in Dubai, knowledge of HSs and their possible adverse effects is limited among health professionals. This was the first study to investigate this topic in the United Arab Emirates. Further policies are needed to reduce the potential for adverse events related to HS use. Additionally, educational programs are required for health care professionals to address current low levels of knowledge.
Physicians’ attitudes toward expanding the role of community pharmacists in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
Authors: AlAhmad Mohammad M , Sadeq Aya , ZainAlabdin Sham , Abdelsabour Moatasem , Muhaisen Attaallah , Fathelrahman Albaraa , Alnajjar Munther S , AbuRuz Salah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo explore physicians’ attitudes toward expanding the role of community pharmacists to include traditional and advanced pharmaceutical care activities. In addition, the study assessed factors influencing physicians’ attitudes.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among physicians in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), in 2019. Participants were randomly selected and were practicing physicians in Al Ain. A questionnaire was hand-delivered and consisted of four sections: demographic information, general attitudes, attitudes towards traditional and attitudes towards advanced pharmaceutical care activities.Key findingsTwo hundred twenty-nine (response rate ~92.0%) practicing physicians agreed to participate in this study. The majority (95.1%, n = 218) agreed with expanding pharmacists’ activities beyond their traditional role and facilitating pharmacists’ access to patients’ medical records (85.4%, n = 196). Physicians’ overall attitudes toward traditional pharmaceutical care were positive (~80%, n = 183), particularly regarding improving patient adherence, providing drug information, patient counselling, and identifying, monitoring, and resolving drug-related problems. On the other hand, physicians were partially accepting of pharmacists’ involvement in advanced pharmaceutical care services (~46%, n = 108). The majority of them considered pharmacists competent in generic substitution (75.6%, n = 173) and in adjusting drug therapy based on agreed protocols (56.1%, n = 128). However, they considered them less competent for therapeutic substitution (41.5%, n = 95), treating certain minor illnesses (41.5%, n = 95), and refilling repeat prescriptions independently (22%, n = 50). Overall, physicians’ attitudes were positive toward 9 out of 12 expanded activities for community pharmacists.ConclusionsThis study has shown that UAE physicians have agreed that the pharmacist’s role should extend beyond dispensing medications. Physicians have also positive attitudes toward expanding community pharmacists’ activities to include all of the traditional pharmaceutical care activities. On the other hand, physicians had a negative attitude toward most of the advanced activities.
Tetramethylpyrazine contributes to the neuroprotection in a rodent epileptic model of pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling
Authors: Danduga Ravi Chandra Sekhara Reddy , Shaik Habbeb Banu , Polopalli Subramanyam , Kola Phani Kumar , Kanakaraju Vijaya Kishore , Kandaswamy Surabhi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
In this study, tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) was evaluated for its therapeutic potential as an alternative therapy for epileptogenesis and its associated comorbidities in rats.

Methods
The sub-convulsant dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) was injected on alternative days to produce kindling for 32 days and observed for seizure score percent of kindled animals in each group. After kindling, the animals were evaluated in models of anxiety, memory and predictive of depression. The neuroprotective effect of TMP was assessed by estimating the biochemical parameters in the cortex and hippocampus of the brain. Histopathological alterations were also observed in the cortex and hippocampus (CA1, CA3 and DG).

Key findings
The administration of TMP reduced the seizure score and percentage of kindled animals dose-dependently. Furthermore, TMP significantly improved the behavioural parameters measured in the predictive models of depression but not in the anxiety and cognitive performances of the animals. The oxidative-nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and histological alterations in the brain induced by PTZ were significantly mitigated by administering the TMP high dose of 60 mg/kg.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the TMP attenuated the depression behaviour in the PTZ-induced kindled rats, and reduced the oxidative-nitrosative stress, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and histological alterations of the brain.
A sequential Monte Carlo approach to estimate a time-varying reproduction number in infectious disease models: the Covid-19 case
Authors: Storvik Geir , Diz-Lois Palomares Alfonso , Engebretsen Solveig , Rø Gunnar Øyvind Isaksson , Engø-Monsen Kenth , Kristoffersen Anja Bråthen , de Blasio Birgitte Freiesleben , Frigessi Arnoldo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has required most countries to implement complex sequences of non-pharmaceutical interventions, with the aim of controlling the transmission of the virus in the population. To be able to take rapid decisions, a detailed understanding of the current situation is necessary. Estimates of time-varying, instantaneous reproduction numbers represent a way to quantify the viral transmission in real time. They are often defined through a mathematical compartmental model of the epidemic, like a stochastic SEIR model, whose parameters must be estimated from multiple time series of epidemiological data. Because of very high dimensional parameter spaces (partly due to the stochasticity in the spread models) and incomplete and delayed data, inference is very challenging. We propose a state-space formalization of the model and a sequential Monte Carlo approach which allow to estimate a daily-varying reproduction number for the Covid-19 epidemic in Norway with sufficient precision, on the basis of daily hospitalization and positive test incidences. The method was in regular use in Norway during the pandemics and appears to be a powerful instrument for epidemic monitoring and management.
Finding a Provider
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Benton Tami D. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the struggles of finding a proper provider while seeking care for children with bipolar disorder. It acknowledges the scarcity of mental health experts in the United States. Most of the hardships in acquiring mental health care disproportionately affect people of color, families with low incomes, and the lingering stigma within their communities and the medical system. The chapter provides tips for coping with emergencies, such as aiming for a gold standard and checking out national referral services. It also notes psychiatrists and mental health counselors as some of the different kinds of professionals that provide mental health services. On the other hand, the services of digital care and telepsychiatry skyrocketed following the COVID-19 pandemic.
If Your Adolescent Has Depression
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Rynn Moira A. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
If Your Adolescent Has Depression: An Essential Resource for Parents provides a definitive guide for parents and other adults to understand and get effective help for adolescents with depression. Millions of parents have been caught off-guard by a nonnegotiable signal that they need to step in to mitigate their children’s depression. Thus, the most current scientific expertise had been combined with no-nonsense and hands-on advice from parents who have experienced a mood disorder in their children. Moreover, the scientific expertise includes the newest treatments, medications, and the latest research findings regarding depression. The book also covers the information and tools parents need to aid adolescents to achieve the best possible outcome in coping with their condition.
Introduction
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Rynn Moira A. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This introductory chapter clarifies that depression is more than being moody despite the expected hormonal changes in an adolescent. It assures that depression is a treatable illness with the help of compassionate and effective help from professionals. In recent times, young people have many good reasons to be moody aside from their changing biochemistry. The recent increase in depression and anxiety cases showed a correlation to climate change, income inequality, increasing job competition, and social media. The chapter also notes depression as one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. Leading US health groups, like the American Academy of Pediatrics, have rung the bell for a national emergency in youth mental health. The chapter explains the decreasing stigma around mental health illnesses.
Treatment
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Rynn Moira A. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on psychotherapy, which is known to be one of the most promising treatments for depression. Even though psychotherapy requires a major commitment of time, energy, and other resources, the practice can greatly improve a child’s outlook and teach them coping skills that may last a lifetime. The treatment also helps families manage the conflict that often accompanies the illness. According to imaging research, psychotherapy targets the psychological, social, behavioral, and environmental aspects and physically changes the brain similar to medication. The chapter highlights the significance of parental health and self-care. It expounds on how cognitive-behavioral therapy could help change a patient’s thinking patterns.
Helping at Home
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Rynn Moira A. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the risk factors and protective factors of several potential contributors to depression. It shows how the relationship, behavior, and environment of a home could enormously influence the child’s mental health. Even though medication and psychotherapy can work wonders in treating depression, the child will still need a variety of environmental supports and healthy habits to ward off harmful moods. Making progress with health habits, sleep, predictability at home, and strength can help people through depression. The chapter explains the importance of communication and availability, especially when depression often causes problems with thinking and understanding. Be aware of your parenting style. It will be most helpful to provide a nurturing, warm, and flexible approach with appropriate limits.
Sex, Drugs, and Social Media
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Rynn Moira A. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter shares the challenges brought by sex, drugs, and social media in supporting children. It notes that contemporary moms and dads know that mental illness is real, and adults have more emotional work when raising children. Parents of children with depression are advised to be extra-vigilant about the dangers of online content, especially when children tend to depend on the internet for schoolwork, socializing, and establishing their autonomy and identity. The chapter highlights the importance of communication and vigilance with children. It explains how sex, drugs, and social media could turn into a unhealthy coping mechanism to manage symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Surviving School
Authors: Evans Dwight L. , Rynn Moira A. , Ellison Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This chapter cites school as a critically important environment in a child’s life. It acknowledges the constant and powerful potential impacts of school on the mental health of a child with depression. Heightened stress, after all, can be especially hard on people struggling with mental illness. Bullying, isolation, and not attending school are some of the major stumbling blocks a child can encounter through middle school and high school. The chapter offers a range of strategies to cope with other students’ cruelty to a depressed child and helping your child ability navigate academic and social obstacles. In addition to receiving treatment with medication, psychotherapy, and school based approached you may still need to consider the option of changing schools, homeschooling, and adding additional supports.
Getting Better Faster
Authors: Falk Avital , Bennett Shannon , Rozenman Michelle , Mohatt Justin , Bergman Lindsey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Getting Better Faster: A Clinician’s Guide to Intensive Treatment for Youth with OCD provides a full guide for clinicians who are creating, running, or planning intensive treatment programs for youth with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It offers practical guidance on how to administer evidence-based treatments for OCD, including cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), exposure and response prevention (ERP), medication management, parent guidance, and family work in an intensive format to target moderate-to-severe OCD over a brief period of time. There is a rapidly growing interest in brief intensive treatment modalities in both clinical and research settings. Intensive treatment for OCD condenses evidence-based interventions into more patient contact hours per week than standard weekly therapy and is widely supported as an efficient, effective, and desirable treatment option. Despite broad interest in developing concentrated treatment programs for OCD, practitioners face several challenges when trying to launch and maintain these programs. This book covers the topics of import for clinicians, researchers, and administrators, across different types of institutions and care settings, who want to build an intensive treatment program into their clinical practice. This guidebook reviews the benefits of intensive treatment, when and for whom to use this model, and how to identify and overcome challenges and barriers to implementation. It provides options for program structure, session outlines, treatment handouts, and resources for clinicians to use with patients and families.
Staffing Models and Training Opportunities
Authors: Falk Avital , Bennett Shannon , Rozenman Michelle , Mohatt Justin , Bergman R. Lindsey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
“Staffing Models and Training Opportunities” describes staffing models across a variety of treatment settings, providing details on sustaining intensive clinical work as a single practitioner, group of clinicians, or in a training program with licensed clinicians providing supervision to unlicensed trainees. This chapter discusses the mutual benefit of using an intensive treatment program as an opportunity for clinical training, which also provides a staffing model for supporting patients and sustaining programs. Intensive treatment programs provide students of all levels in psychology, psychiatry, and allied disciplines a concentrated work experience to develop expertise in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and related disorders. Trainees can extend the work of licensed clinicians in a way that is cost-effective to clinical programs and for patients, and the variety offered with different staff members helps patients generalize the work of treatment. Models of supervision, patient safety, and quality assurance are described.
Treating a Child Requires Treating the Family and Community
Authors: Falk Avital , Bennett Shannon , Rozenman Michelle , Mohatt Justin , Bergman R. Lindsey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
“Treating a Child Requires Treating the Family and Community” details the rationale and process for including family members and other important care providers in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), particularly for child and adolescent patients. Parents and others adapt their behaviors or environments to minimize OCD triggers, which then becomes a frequently repeated cycle that can cause conflict and high emotions. This chapter describes options for including parents, siblings, teachers, and other important people in the intensive treatment process, with appropriate consent, in order to address these symptoms. Specific examples of family involvement in OCD treatment are provided, including how to support parents and others in managing their own emotions throughout the treatment process. Parental participation in exposure and response prevention is highlighted.