bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Hospitalizations with and without Psoriasis
Authors: Naeem Unaiza , Akhlaq Anum , Mushahid Hasan , Edigin Ehizogie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background: Psoriasis is an autoimmune chronic skin condition and as suggested by some recent studies, the inflammatory condition might be exacerbated with COVID-19. However, the relationship between psoriasis and COVID-19 infection needs to be investigated further. In our retrospective cohort study, we have attempted to delineate clinical outcomes in COVID-19 hospitalized patients with psoriasis.
Methods: Using the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), we obtained demographic and clinical data and analyzed a total of 1050040 primary COVID-19 adult hospitalizations in the US. We used weighted logistic and linear regression models to determine the association of psoriasis with various clinical outcomes. The models were adjusted for age, sex, race, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics. Using Stata 16.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX), we accounted for survey design complexity by incorporating sampling weights, primary sampling units, and strata.
Results: The psoriasis cohort comprised 5365 (0.511%) patients. For our primary outcome, there was no significant difference between hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with and without psoriasis (11.18% in non-psoriasis patients vs 9.98% in the psoriasis patients, adjusted odds ratio: [aOR]; 0.93; 95% CI: 0.75 -1.16, p=0.54). Some clinical outcomes were worse for psoriasis patients, and these also had a higher resource utilization.
Conclusion: Overall, COVID-19 outcomes do not differ significantly for hospitalized patients with psoriasis than those without. However, psoriatic patients’ trajectory might be affected more owing to higher comorbidities, indicating severe illness.
Differential gut microbiome in spondyloarthritis patients associated to Blastocystis colonization
Authors: Nieto-Clavijo Carlos , Morales Liliana , Marquez-Ortíz Ricaurte Alejandro , Romero-Sánchez Consuelo , Ramos-Casallas Alejandro , Escobar-Perez Javier , Bautista-Molano Wilson , Bello-Gualtero Juan Manuel , Chaparro-Olaya Jacqueline 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The role ofBlastocystisin intestinal health is an open controversy, and little is known about the potential effect of this microorganism in autoinflammatory diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA). Here, we analyzed the gut microbiome of 36 SpA-patients and 13 control individuals and demonstrated that the richness, diversity, and taxonomic composition between these two groups are different. We also showed that colonization byBlastocystisin control individuals increases the richness and diversity of the intestinal microbiome, whereas in SpA-patients, it does not seem to have any impact. This may reflect a potential role ofBlastocystisin sculpting the gut microbiome architecture in control individuals, whereas in subjects with SpA, the modulation of the microbiome may be governed by disease-dependent factors that cannot be overcome byBlastocystis. Regarding taxonomic characterization, SpA-patients colonized byBlastocystisshowed significant increases in the phylumProteobacteria, classGammaproteobacteria, familySuccinivibrionaceae, and genusSuccinivibrio. Simultaneously, there were significant increases in the classBacilli, orderLactobacillales, familiesLactobacillaceaeandClostridiaceae, and generaLactobacillusandClostridiumin non-colonized SpA-patients. On the other hand, PICRUSt analysis inBlastocystis-positive SpA-patients showed elevations in pathways that may enhance antioxidant capacities and alleviate intestinal inflammation, whileBlastocystis-negative SpA-patients showed significant changes in pathways that promote cell division/proliferation and can lead to larger changes in the gut microbiome. Our analyses lead us to believe that these changes in the gut microbiome of SpA-patients may trigger protective mechanisms as an initial response to inflammation in an attempt to restore balance in the intestinal environment.
Bronchial oncocytic carcinoma in an adult: a case report and literature review
Authors: Shen yifan , Wang Cheng-Long , Chu Zhi-Gang , Cao You-De , Luo Yan , Zhang Yang-Li , Cao Yi-Jia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background:
Lung salivary-type tumors originating from bronchial submucosal glands are rare, only four types of salivary gland-type tumors are listed in 2015 WHO classification of lung tumors. Here, we report a rare case of oncocytic carcinoma (OC) in the right main bronchus.
Case presentation:
A 34-year-old man presented to our hospital with a two-month history of recurrent hemoptysis and with one month of inspiratory dyspnea. Pulmonary function tests showed mild restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and severe diffusion dysfunction. Furthermore, the flow volume loop showed a variable extra-thoracic obstruction. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest revealed that a polypiform nodule of 13 mm in diameter was at the proximal right main bronchus. Testing for purified protein derivative was positive (category 2). The nodule was resected under bronchoscopy. The bronchial aspirate was negative for mycobacterium tuberculosis and tumor cells. The biopsy sample showed a solid and acinar predominant pattern with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. The bronchial mucosa was destroyed and replaced by tumor cells. The loose edematous stromal reaction could be seen in a local area. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for CK, EMA, Vimentin, CD117, CK7, S100, Mammaglobin and SOX10. Only scattered tumor cells were stained by basal cell markers, including CK5/6, P40 and P63. Electron microscopy revealed numerous swelling mitochondria with lacking mitochondrial cristae in tumor cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing for MAML2 and ETV6 rearrangement were negative. Next-generation sequencing analysis of 520 genes in the tissue biopsy specimen showed no somatic mutation. The diagnosis of OC was made. Subsequently, the patient underwent a right upper lobectomy with sleeve resection of the main bronchus and lymph dissection. No recurrent evidence was seen during two years of chest CT follow-up.
Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the first case of primary OC in the bronchus. This patient has no recurrence during two years of follow-up, indicating that primary OC in the bronchus has the same favorable prognosis as in salivary glands. Moreover, complete excision and thorough sampling to know the invasive growth pattern is important to reach the correct diagnosis.
High-normal serum bilirubin is a useful indicator to assess the risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: A real-world study
Authors: Li Lian-Xi , Xu Man-Rong , Wang Jun-Wei , Ma Yi-Lin , Wang Yu-Jie , Li Meng-Han , Lu Jun-Xi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of serum bilirubin within normal range, especially unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsIn this cross-sectional, real-world study, 7617 T2DM patients were stratified into quartiles based on serum UCB levels. DR was determined by digital fundus photography and further classified into non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and PDR. The associations of serum bilirubin levels and UCB quartiles with DR were investigated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, and diabetes duration, the DR prevalence was significantly decreased across the serum UCB quartiles (40.4%, 33.4%, 29.7%, 26.6% for each quartile, respectively, p < 0.001 for trend). The subjects with DR had lower serum total bilirubin (TB) and UCB, rather than conjugated bilirubin (CB), compared with those without DR (p = 0.003 for TB, p < 0.001 for UCB, and p = 0.528 for CB, respectively), while all three types of serum bilirubin in the subjects with PDR were obviously lower than those with NPDR (p = 0.006 for TB, and p < 0.001 for UCB and CB, respectively). After adjustment for confounding factors, logistic regression demonstrated negative associations of serum TB and UCB levels, rather than CB, with the presence of DR (OR: 0.844, 95%CI: 0.774–0.920, p < 0.001 for TB; OR: 0.828, 95%CI: 0.763–0.899, p < 0.001 for UCB; and OR: 0.984, 95%CI: 0.900-1.074, p = 0.713 for CB, respectively). Additionally, a fully-adjusted analysis revealed a negative correlation between UCB quartiles and DR (p < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh-normal serum TB and UCB were closely associated with the decreased risk of DR, while all types of serum bilirubin were negatively correlated with the severity of DR in T2DM. Serum bilirubin may be used as a potential indicator to assess the risk and severity of DR in T2DM.
Burden in caregivers of primary care patients with dementia: Influence of neuropsychiatric symptoms according to disease stage (NeDEM project)
Authors: García-Martín Victoria , de Hoyos-Alonso M Canto , Ariza-Cardiel Gloria , Delgado-Puebla Rosalía , Cura-González Isabel del 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Caregiver burden is related to personal factors and patient characteristics and is greater when neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are present. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of burden among caregivers of dementia patients and its association with NPSs and identify NPSs causing greater caregiver distress according to dementia stage.Methods Cross-sectional observational study in caregivers of noninstitutionalized dementia patients. Caregiver variables: sociodemographic, time of care, NPS-associated distress based on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Caregiver Distress Scale (NPI-D) and burden based on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Patient variables: time since disease onset, Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) disease stage, functional assessment and NPS presence and intensity according to the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The mean ZBI score, prevalence of burden and NPI-D score with 95% CIs at each dementia stage were estimated. Factors associated with burden were identified by multivariate analysis.Results Of the 125 caregivers included, 77.6% were women, with a mean age of 60.7 (± 14.3) years; 78.4% (95% CI: 71.0; 86.0) experienced burden. The mean ZBI score was 12.3 (95% CI: 11.6; 12.9) and increased according to NPS number (p = 0.042). The NPSs causing the most burden were disinhibition (93.5%), irritability (87.3%) and agitation (86.1%). Agitation, apathy, and sleep disorders were the NPSs generating the greatest overall caregiver distress; depression (max NPI-D 1.9), hyperactivity (max NPI-D 2.1), and psychosis symptoms (max NPI-D 1.6) generated the greatest distress at stage GDS 3, stages GDS 4–5, and stages GDS 6–7, respectively. The NPI score (OR = 1.0, 95% CI 1.0; 1.1), intensity of irritability (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0; 1.6), disinhibition (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1; 5.2) and hyperactivity subsyndrome (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.0; 1.2) were associated with caregiver burden. Other associated factors were female gender (OR = 6.0, 95% CI 1.6; 22.8), ≥ 8 hours daily care (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.4; 22.8), working outside the home (OR = 7.6, 95% CI 1.8; 31.8), living with the patient (OR = 4.5, 95% CI 1.1; 19.6), kinship (OR = 5.4, 95% CI 1.0; 28.2) and lower patient education (OR = 8.3, 95% CI 2.3; 30.3).Conclusions The burden on caregivers of dementia patients is high and associated with NPS presence and intensity. Disinhibition and irritability caused the highest burden. Depression, hyperactivity and psychosis produce more distress in mild, mild-moderate and severe dementia, respectively.
Multi-Module G2P Converter for Persian Focusing on Relations between Words
Authors: Rezaei Mahdi , Nayeri Negar , Farzi Saeed , Sameti Hossein 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Grapheme-to-phoneme (G2P) is the task of converting a grapheme sequence into its pronunciation sequence. It is an essential component of text-to-speech (TTS) and speech recognition systems for any language lacking consistent pronunciation rules. Persian is a low-resource language with more homograph complexities than languages such as English. In this paper, we investigate the application of integrated and multi-module frameworks for G2P conversion for the Persian language. The results demonstrate that our proposed multi-module G2P system outperforms our integrated systems in terms of accuracy and speed. The system consists of a pronunciation dictionary as our look-up table, along with separate models to handle homographs, OOVs and ezafe in Persian created using GRU and Transformer architectures. The system is sequence-level rather than word-level, which allows it to effectively capture the unwritten relations between words (cross-word information) necessary for homograph disambiguation and ezafe recognition without the need for any pre-processing. After evaluation, our system achieved a 94.48% word-level accuracy, outperforming the previous G2P systems for Persian.
GBS-YOLOv5: Improved Algorithm for UAV Intelligent Transportation Based on YOLOv5
Authors: Liu Haiying , Duan Xuehu , Lou Haitong , Chen Haonan , Gu Jason , Bi Lingyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
As the road traffic situation becomes complex, the task of traffic management takes on an increasingly heavy load. The air-to-ground traffic administration network of drones has become an important tool to promote the high quality of traffic police work in many places. Drones can be used instead of a large number of human beings to perform daily tasks, as: traffic offense detection, daily crowd detection, etc. UAVs are less accurate at detecting drones because they operate from the air and take pictures of small targets. To address the problem of low accuracy of UAVs in detecting small targets, we proposed the GBS-YOLOv5 model. It was an improvement on the original YOLOv5 model. The default YOLOv5 model suffered from severe loss of small target information and under-utilization of shallow feature information as the depth of the feature extraction network deepened. We deepened the feature extraction network by introducing an efficient spatiotemporal interaction (ESI) module. We added the spatial pyramid convolution (SPC) module as a detection head for tiny-sized targets. A shallow bottleneck (SB) was introduced to better preserve the detailed information of small targets in the shallow features. The introduction of recursive gated convolution in the feature fusion section enabled better interaction of higher-order spatial semantic information. The GBS-YOLOv5 algorithm conducted experiments showing that the value of mAP@0.5 was 35.3% and the mAP@0.5:0.95 was 20.0%. Compared to the default YOLOv5 algorithm was boosted by 4.0% and 3.5% respectively.
Optogenetic Targeting of Astrocytes Restores Slow Brain Rhythm Function and Slows Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Authors: Lee Yee Fun , Russ Alyssa N. , Zhao Qiuchen , Maci Megi , Miller Morgan R. , Hou Steven S. , Algamal Moustafa , Zhao Zhuoyang , Li Hanyan , Gelwan Noah , Gomperts Stephen N. , Araque Alfonso , Galea Elena , Bacskai Brian J. , Kastanenka Ksenia V. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep disturbances in addition to memory deficits. Disruption of NREM slow waves occurs early in the disease progression and is recapitulated in transgenic mouse models of beta-amyloidosis. However, the mechanisms underlying slow-wave disruptions remain unknown. Because astrocytes contribute to slow-wave activity, we used multiphoton microscopy and optogenetics to investigate whether they contribute to slow-wave disruptions in APP mice. The power but not the frequency of astrocytic calcium transients was reduced in APP mice compared to nontransgenic controls. Optogenetic activation of astrocytes at the endogenous frequency of slow waves restored slow-wave power, reduced amyloid deposition, prevented neuronal calcium elevations, and improved memory performance. Our findings revealed malfunction of the astrocytic network driving slow-wave disruptions. Thus, targeting astrocytes to restore circuit activity underlying sleep and memory disruptions in AD could ameliorate disease progression.
The changing pattern of common respiratory viruses among children from 2018-2021 in Wuhan, China
Authors: Wan Lu , Li Liangyu , Zhang Haiyue , Liu Chan , Li Ruiyun , Wu Xiaojun , Chen Jianjun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections in children are a global public health challenge. Owing to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions, including patient isolation, social distancing, handwashing, and mask wearing, have been widely implemented, impacting the transmission of common respiratory viruses. We aimed to clarify the epidemiological features of respiratory viruses in children aged under 14 years in Wuhan before and after COVID-19.Methods Respiratory specimens were collected from patients aged < 14 years at two hospitals in Wuhan, China, from January 2018 to December 2021. Seven respiratory viruses were identified using immunofluorescence. Pathogen profiles and seasonality were analysed.Results The number of visits and virus detection rate decreased dramatically after February 2020. The respiratory virus detection rate peaked in January and December and decreased dramatically in February and August. The detection rate was lower in 2021 than in 2018 and 2019. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified as the leading pathogen in children aged < 1 year and 1–4 years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In children aged 5–14 years, influenza virus was detected with the highest rate before, and RSV after, the COVID-19 pandemic. RSV was the most common coinfection virus.Conclusions This study revealed the epidemiological patterns of common respiratory viruses from 2018 to 2021. The spectrum of pathogens involved in paediatric respiratory infection partly changed. Non-pharmaceutical interventions offered fewer opportunities for spread of common viruses, also induced an “immunity debt” and could have negative consequences when the pandemic is under control in Wuhan.
Predicting public mental health needs in a crisis using situational indicators and social media emotions: A Singapore big data study
Authors: Othman Nur Atiqah , Panchapakesan Chitra , Zhang Mila , Loh Siyuan , Gupta Raj , Martanto Wijaya , Phang Ye Sheng , Morris Robert , Loke Wai Chiong , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Subramaniam Mythily , Yang Yinping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Mental health issues and needs have increased substantially since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, health policy and decision-makers do not have adequate data and tools to predict population-level mental health demand, especially amid a crisis. This study investigates whether situational indicators and social media emotions can be effectively used to predict public mental health needs. We collected time-series data from multiple sources in Singapore between 1 July 2020 and 31 December 2021, including daily-level records of situation indicators, emotions expressed on social media, and mental health needs measured by the number of public visits to the emergency room of the country's largest psychiatric hospital, and use of government-initiated online mental health self-help portal. Compared to mental health needs data alone, social media emotions were found to have significant Granger-causality effects with as early as four to five days lag length. Each resulted in a statistically significant enhancement in predicting the public's visits to the emergency room and the online self-help portal (e.g., Facebook Anger Count on emergency room visits, χ2 = 13·7, P = ·0085**). In contrast, situational indicators such as daily new cases had Granger-causality effects (χ2 = 10·3, P = ·016*) with a moderate lag length of three days. The findings indicate that emotions algorithmically extracted from social media platforms can provide new indicators for tracking and forecasting population-level mental health states and needs.
Physiological comparison of three spontaneous breathing trials in COVID-19 pneumoniae. Inspiratory effort, and relationship with the different phenotypes. Risk of patient self-inflicted lung injury.
Authors: Simon Jose Manuel Serrano , Montosa Carolina Joya , Carmona Juan Francisco Martínez , Amaya Manuel Jesús Delgado , Castro Javier Luna , Carmona Ashlen Rodríguez , Pérez Jose Castaño , Delgado Marina Rodríguez , Centeno Guillermo Besso , Lozano in memoriam José Antonio Benítez 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
High drive and high effort during spontaneous breathing can generate potential patient self-inflicted lung injury (P-SILI), due to uncontrolled high transpulmonary and transvascular pressures, with relapse of respiratory failure. P-SILI has been demonstrated in experimental studies, and supported in recent computational models. Different treatment strategies have been proposed according to the phenotypes of elastance of the respiratory system (Ers) for patients with COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ventilatory strategies on the respiratory drive and muscle effort in the clinical practice, and its relationship with the different phenotypes, by obtaining respiratory signals and calculated muscle pressure.
Design:
Monocenter physiologic study of series cases.
Setting:
University medical-surgical ICU.
Patients:
Eleven mechanically ventilated patients COVID-19 pneumoniae at the initiation of spontaneous breathing were studied.
Interventions:
Three spontaneous ventilation modes were evaluated: Pressure support ventilation (PSV), airway pressure release ventilation (APRV), and CPAP double in each of the patients.
Measurements and main results:
The study is based on the calculation of muscle pressure (Pmus) through the equation of motion. For this purpose, we have acquired the respiratory signals of airway pressure (Paw), Flow (V´) and Volume (V) directly from the data transmission protocol of the ventilator (Dräger). The main physiological measurements have been calculation of the respiratory drive (P0.1), muscle effort through the ΔPmus, pressure-time product (PTP_pmus) and "power of breathing" considered as work of the patient J/min (WOBp).
Our results show similar high drive and muscle effort in each of the spontaneous ventilatory modes tested, without significant differences between them. Median (IQR): P0.1 6.12 (4.43-7.21) cmH2O, ∆Pmus 13.48 (11.09-17.81) cmH2O, PTP 166,29 (124.02-253.33) cmH2O*sec/min; and WOBp 11.12 (5.91-17.51) J/min. High Drive and effort are found in patients even with low Ers.
The relationship between respiratory drive and “power of breathing” versus Ers, although with a wide coefficient of variation, is significant.
We have found a trend towards a worse prognosis in terms of survival and stay in the ICU, in patients with high drive and inspiratory effort.
Conclusions: None of the spontaneous ventilatory methods tested succeeded in reducing the high respiratory drive or muscle effort, and thus potentially promoting P-SILI, regardless of the Ers.