bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global variation in nonstructural carbohydrate stores in response to climate
Authors: Blumstein Meghan , Gersony Jessica , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Sala Anna 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWoody plant species store nonstructural carbohydrates (NSCs) for many functions. While known to buffer against fluctuations in photosynthetic supply, such as at night, NSC stores are also thought to buffer against environmental extremes, such as drought or freezing temperatures by serving as either back‐up energy reserves or osmolytes. However, a clear picture of how NSCs are shaped by climate is still lacking. Here, we update and leverage a unique global database of seasonal NSC storage measurements to examine whether maximum total NSC stores and the amount of soluble sugars are associated with clinal patterns in low temperatures or aridity, indicating they may confer a benefit under freezing or drought conditions. We examine patterns using the average climate at each study site and the unique climatic conditions at the time and place in which the sample was taken. Altogether, our results support the idea that NSC stores act as critical osmolytes. Soluble Sugars increase with both colder and drier conditions in aboveground tissues, indicating they can plastically increase a plants' tolerance of cold or arid conditions. However, maximum total NSCs increased, rather than decreased, with average site temperature and had no relationship to average site aridity. This result suggests that the total amount of NSC a plant stores may be more strongly determined by its capacity to assimilate carbon than by environmental stress. Thus, NSCs are unlikely to serve as reservoir of energy. This study is the most comprehensive synthesis to date of global NSC variation in relation to climate and supports the idea that NSC stores likely serve as buffers against environmental stress. By clarifying their role in cold and drought tolerance, we improve our ability to predict plant response to environment.
Caring masculinities at work in later life: Exploring relational care work in retirement
Authors: Leontowitsch Miranda 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe paper reports on research that investigates older men's care practices and how their caring for others opens new ways of exploring the intersections of aging, gender, and care work. Using the concept caring masculinities as a sensitizing concept, the onus is on exploring patterns of power, interdependence, and relationality within men's care practices. Aging masculinities often remain constructed around paid‐for occupational work (in opposition to unpaid care work) despite the transition into retirement. Little work exists on how caring is at work in later life potentially transforming gender relations and enacted masculinities. Moreover, much of the research on aging masculinities have not considered the expansiveness of retirement and the discourses as well as subjective expectations around the activity in later life that create an uncertain terrain of socioculturally structured mandates to be navigated. This paper draws on data from two qualitative interview studies conducted with retired men in England and Germany, in which the role of caregiving emerged as an inductive theme in their narratives. The paper makes a specific contribution to developing empirical and theoretical knowledge of caring masculinities and power relations by providing insights on men's trajectories into caring, and how they make sense of their caring for and about others.
Prognostic significance for recurrence of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients undergoing curative hepatic resection
Authors: Toshida Katsuya , Itoh Shinji , Yugawa Kyohei , Kosai Yukiko , Tomino Takahiro , Yoshiya Shohei , Nagao Yoshihiro , Kayashima Hiroto , Harada Noboru , Kohashi Kenichi , Oda Yoshinao , Yoshizumi Tomoharu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThe fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) fusion gene is frequently found as a genetic abnormality in the FGFR pathway in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The FGFR fusion protein, produced from the FGFR fusion gene, is thought to cause tumor cell growth. To date, there have been few reports on the relationship between pathologic FGFR2 expression and prognosis in patients who have undergone hepatectomy for ICC, and on the relationship between FGFR2 and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 92 patients who underwent hepatectomy for ICC and performed immunohistochemical staining for FGFR2 and cluster of differentiation 8, and hematoxylin and eosin staining for evaluating TILSs. The relationships between the FGFR2 and clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes were analyzed, and patients were classified into positive (n = 18) and negative (n = 74) FGFR2 groups. The FGFR2‐positive group contained more men (p < 0.0001) and had lower serum albumin (p = 0.0355) and higher carcinoembryonic antigen (p = 0.0099). Furthermore, multivariable analyses revealed that the FGFR2‐positive group had worse disease‐free survival (DFS) (p = 0.0002). Multivariate analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors for DFS were maximum tumor size (≥5 cm) (p = 0.0011), tumor localization (perihilar type) (p = 0.0180), and FGFR2 positivity (p = 0.0029). There was no significant difference in TILs count between the two groups.ConclusionWe showed that FGFR2 high expression was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence of resected ICC.
Cross‐cultural differences in the use of the “?” Response category of the Job Descriptive Index: An application of the item response tree model
Authors: Lee Philseok , Joo Sean , Jia Zihao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHistorically, the “?” response category (i.e., the question mark response category) has been criticized because of the ambiguity of its interpretation. Previous empirical studies of the appropriateness of the “?” response category have generally used methods that cannot disentangle the response style from target psychological traits and have also exclusively focused on Western samples. To further develop our understanding of the “?” response category, we examined the differing use of the “?” response category in the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) between U.S. and Korean samples by using the recently proposed item response tree (IRTree) models. Our research showed that the Korean group more strongly prefers the “?” response category, while the U.S. group more strongly prefers the directional response category (i.e., Yes). In addition, the Korean group tended to interpret the “?” response category as mild agreement, while the U.S. group tended to interpret it as mild disagreement. Our study adds to the scientific body of knowledge on the “?” response category in a cross‐cultural context. We hope that our findings presented herein provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners who want to better understand the “?” response category and develop various psychological assessments in cross‐cultural settings.
Dementia literacy in an ageing world
Authors: Smith Graeme Drummond , Ho Ken , Lee Allen , Lam Linda , Chan Sally 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThis discursive article aims to capture and explore the most pertinent nursing aspects of dementia literacy (DL).BackgroundOlder people constitute a rapidly increasing proportion of the global population, experiencing higher risk of developing chronic disease, including dementia. It is important that older adults receive and understand reliable health‐related information, as age‐related changes may affect the level of health literacy in an older person. It has been suggested that older adults may have poorer health literacy than younger adults, associated with poorer health outcomes. Health literacy, how people receive, interpret and act on health information, play a significant role in dementia‐related disorders, both as a possible predicter of onset of dementia and as a potential modifier of cognitive decline. Dementia literacy constitutes one aspect of health literacy in relation to nursing care, related to knowledge of dementia‐related disorders and approaches towards older people with dementia.DesignThis discursive article explores the importance of DL for the nursing profession, including dementia‐related assessment, education and interventions.MethodThis article is informed by analysis of relevant descriptive and empirical literature and policy documents related to DL, an increasingly important aspect of dementia‐related nursing care. Valid assessment tools that can accurately assess aspects an individuals' DL are examined; these have the potential to help nurses detect dementia‐related symptoms. With early detection and prevention of dementia, older people may have better chance of benefiting from evolving treatment options.ConclusionGreater attention needs to be given to the issue of DL in older people, especially in terms of nursing assessment and care. Globally, increased DL‐related education is urgently required to improve knowledge of this concept; this includes public awareness initiatives to better understanding this chronic condition.Implication nursing practiceEnhancing DL has the potential to empower older people to have greater access to healthcare services and to make more informed decisions about their health care.Patient or public contributionNo patient or public contribution, as this is a discursive article.
Early life stress induces visual dysfunction and retinal structural alterations in adult mice
Authors: Calanni Juan S. , Dieguez Hernán H. , González Fleitas María F. , Canepa Eduardo , Berardino Bruno , Repetto Esteban M. , Villarreal Alejandro , Dorfman Damian , Rosenstein Ruth E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarly life stress (ELS) is defined as a period of severe and/or chronic trauma, as well as environmental/social deprivation or neglect in the prenatal/early postnatal stage. Presently, the impact of ELS on the retina in the adult stage is unknown. The long‐term consequences of ELS at retinal level were analyzed in an animal model of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW), which mimics early life maternal neglect. For this purpose, mice were separated from the dams for 2 h at postnatal days (PNDs) 4–6, for 3 h at PNDs 7–9, for 4 h at PNDs 10–12, for 6 h at PNDs 13–16, and weaned at PND17. At the end of each separation period, mothers were subjected to movement restriction for 10 min. Control pups were left undisturbed from PND0, and weaned at PND21. Electroretinograms, visual evoked potentials, vision‐guided behavioral tests, retinal anterograde transport, and retinal histopathology were examined at PNDs 60–80. MSEW induced long‐lasting functional and histological effects at retinal level, including decreased retinal ganglion cell function and alterations in vision‐guided behaviors, likely associated to decreased synaptophysin content, retina‐superior colliculus communication deficit, increased microglial phagocytic activity, and retinal ganglion cell loss through a corticoid‐dependent mechanism. A treatment with mifepristone, injected every 3 days between PNDs 4 and16, prevented functional and structural alterations induced by MSEW. These results suggest that retinal alterations might be included among the childhood adversity‐induced threats to life quality, and that an early intervention with mifepristone avoided ELS‐induced retinal disturbances.image
Experiencing and witnessing disruptive behaviors toward nurses in COVID‐19 teams, patient safety, and errors in care
Authors: Shafran Tikva Sigal , Gabay Gillie , Asraf Liron , Kluger Avraham N. , Lerman Yulia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNurse managers and team co‐workers' disruptive behaviors (DBs) are negatively associated with a perceived safe climate. Moreover, DBs are a risk factor for patients' safety. Yet, it remains unknown whether and to what extent these effects were prevalent in COVID‐19 wards and among witnesses of DBs.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed on social networks and completed by nurses in various Israeli healthcare organizations using snowball sampling between October and December 2021. The questionnaire included seven previously published measures and a question checking whether the participants had worked in a COVID‐19 ward. The minimal sample size for any analysis was 236. Hypotheses were tested with correlations and structural equation modeling.ResultsDBs of nurse managers and team co‐workers toward nurses were higher in COVID‐19 teams. As hypothesized, DBs were negatively correlated with a safe climate and positively with patient safety (fewer errors). The data were consistent with a model suggesting that a safe climate is related to fewer DBs and DBs largely mediate the effects of safe climate on errors. Surprisingly and importantly, the strongest predictor of errors, including preventable mortality, is witnessing DBs and not being a victim of DBs.ConclusionsDBs may impede open communication and collaboration among co‐workers, particularly in COVID‐19 teams. This study shows the links between nurse shaping of a safe climate, DBs toward nurses, and patient safety.Clinical relevanceNurse managers who create a safe climate and show zero tolerance for DBs could reduce the risk of errors in care.
There is no fusion fascia in the abdomen and extraperitoneal fascia always surrounds the mesentery
Authors: Chen Shicai , Yang Guohua , Li Qiqi , Zhang Jiangyu , Yu Nanrong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractToldt's fascia has always been described as a fusion fascia formed by two layers of visceral peritoneum when the mesentery attaches to the posterior abdominal wall. However, there is still no consensus about the mesentery and its surrounding fascia based on the current anatomic theories. This study aimed to determine the anatomical structures of the abdomen and provide a correct surgical plane for mesenteric‐based surgery. Surgical videos of 121 patients who underwent laparoscopic operations of the digestive tract were reviewed to identify and compare the anatomical structures of the mesentery and associated fascia. Twenty‐one postoperative specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to indicate the histological appearance of the mesentery and its surrounding fascia. Furthermore, dynamic models had been established to explain the formation mechanism of the associated histological structures in different regions during the progression of mesenteric attachment. The fasciae surrounding the mesentery, including the submesothelial connective tissue, the subserosal connective tissue, Toldt's fascia, and “angel hair,” have the same histological characteristic to extraperitoneal fascia. The general anatomical structure of the abdomen can be divided into three layers (abdominal wall, urogenital system, and digestive system) and two interlayers (transversalis fascia and extraperitoneal fascia). The extraperitoneal fascia surrounds the entire digestive system and is the natural layer separating adjacent structures from each other. Typical histological structures in the regions of posterior attachment include the fascia propria of the mesentery, mesofascial plane, extraperitoneal fascia, retrofascial plane, and anterior renal fascia. The urogenital system is surrounded by similar histological structures. There is no fusion fascia in the abdomen due to retreat of the visceral peritoneum, and all of the fasciae surrounding the mesentery are extraperitoneal fascia. This study demonstrates that the typical histological structures in the regions of attachment and mesofascial plane are the correct anatomic interface for mesenteric‐based surgery.
Risk factors for liver‐related and non‐liver‐related mortality following a sustained virological response after direct‐acting antiviral treatment for hepatitis C virus infection in a real‐world cohort
Authors: Kozuka Ritsuzo , Tamori Akihiro , Enomoto Masaru , Muto‐Yukawa Yoshimi , Odagiri Naoshi , Kotani Kohei , Motoyama Hiroyuki , Kawamura Etsushi , Hagihara Atsushi , Fujii Hideki , Uchida‐Kobayashi Sawako , Kawada Norifumi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐induced sustained virological response (SVR) reduces the risk of mortality. However, the risk factors associated with liver‐related and non‐liver‐related mortality following a SVR after DAA treatment are unclear. We assessed the incidence and risk factors of liver‐related and non‐liver‐related mortality in 1180 patients who achieved a SVR after DAA treatment. During the follow‐up period after DAA treatment (median duration, 1099 [range: 84–2345] days), 53 (4.5%) patients died: 15 due to liver‐related mortality, 25 due to non‐liver‐related mortality and 13 due to unknown causes. The all‐cause, liver‐related and non‐liver‐related mortality rates were 14.9, 4.2 and 7.0/1000 person‐years, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after DAA treatment (p = .009; hazard ratio [HR], 31.484), an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline ≤61.68 ml/min/1.73 m2 (p = .015; HR, 6.607), and an α‐fetoprotein level post‐treatment ≥7.6 ng/ml (p = .041; HR, 18.490) were significantly associated with liver‐related mortality. Furthermore, eGFR ≤67.94 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline (p = .012; HR, 3.407) and albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) grade ≥ 2 at SVR (p = .024; HR, 3.449) were significantly associated with non‐liver‐related mortality. Early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions for HCC development after DAA treatment are important to reduce liver‐related mortality. The ALBI grade, which reflects the hepatic functional reserve, is a useful predictor of non‐liver‐related mortality after a SVR induced by DAA treatment. Furthermore, the renal dysfunction caused by metabolic syndrome may affect prognosis even after eliminating hepatitis C virus.
Comparing the performance of the common used eumycetoma diagnostic tests
Authors: Siddig Emmanuel Edwar , Nyuykonge Bertrand , Mhmoud Najwa Adam , Abdallah Omnia Babekir , Bahar Mustafa El Nour , Ahmed Eiman Siddig , Nyaoke Borna , Zijlstra Eduard E. , Verbon Annelies , Bakhiet Sahar Mubarak , Fahal Ahmed Hassan , van de Sande Wendy W. J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesMycetoma is a neglected tropical implantation disease caused by 70 different infectious agents. Identifying the causative organism to the species level is essential for appropriate patient management. Ultrasound, histopathology, culture and two species‐specific PCRs are most the commonly used methods for species identification in endemic regions. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of these commonly used assays using sequencing of barcoding genes as the gold standard.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was conducted at the Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Sudan. It included 222 patients suspected of fungal mycetoma caused by Madurella mycetomatis.Results154 (69.3%) were correctly identified by ultrasound, histology, culture and both species‐specific PCRs. In 60 patients, at least one of the diagnostic tests failed to identify M. mycetomatis. Five patients had no evidence of eumycetoma, and for three, only the ultrasound was indicative of mycetoma. The two species‐specific PCRs were the most sensitive and specific methods, followed by culture and histology. Ultrasound was the least specific as it only allowed differentiation between actinomycetoma and eumycetoma. The time to result was 9.38 minutes for ultrasound, 3.76 hours for PCR, 8.5 days for histopathology and 21 days for grain culturing.ConclusionCurrently, PCR directly on DNA isolated from grains is the most rapid and reliable diagnostic tool to identify M. mycetomatis eumycetoma.
Changes in relative peripheral refraction in children who switched from single‐vision lenses to Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments lenses
Authors: Zhang Han Yu , Lam Carly Siu Yin , Tang Wing Chun , Lee Paul H. , Tse Dennis Y. , To Chi Ho 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeTo investigate changes in relative peripheral refraction (RPR) associated with myopia progression in children who wore single‐vision (SV) lenses for 2 years and switched to Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) lenses in the third year versus children who wore DIMS lenses for 3 years.MethodsIn the first 2 years, children were allocated randomly to wear either DIMS or SV lenses. In the third year, children in the DIMS group continued to wear these lenses, while those in the SV group were switched to DIMS lenses (Control‐to‐DIMS group). Central and peripheral refraction and axial length were monitored every 6 months.ResultsOver 3 years, the DIMS group (n = 65) showed good myopia control and maintained a relatively constant and symmetrical RPR profile without significant changes. In the first 2 years, children who wore SV lenses (n = 55) showed asymmetrical RPR changes, with significant increases in hyperopic RPR at 20° nasal (N) (mean difference: 0.88 ± 1.06 D,p < 0.0001) and 30N (mean difference: 1.07 ± 1.09 D,p < 0.0001). The Control‐to‐DIMS group showed significant myopia retardation after wearing DIMS lenses in the third year. When compared with the RPR changes in the first 2 years, significant reductions in hyperopic RPR were observed at 20N (mean difference: −1.14 ± 1.93 D,p < 0.0001) and 30N (mean difference: −1.07 ± 1.17 D,p < 0.0001) in the third year. However, no significant difference between the RPR changes found in the nasal retina and temporal retina (p > 0.05) was noted in the third year.ConclusionSymmetrical changes in RPR were found in children switching from SV to DIMS lenses, and a symmetrical pattern of RPR was noted in children who wore DIMS for 3 years. Myopia control using myopic defocus in the mid‐periphery influenced the RPR changes and retarded myopia progression by altering the eye's growth pattern.
Inactivation of RPX1 in Arabidopsis confers resistance to Plutella xylostella through the accumulation of the homoterpene DMNT
Authors: Chen Hongyi , Chen Chen , Huang Shijie , Zhao Mengjie , Wang Tengyue , Jiang Taoshan , Wang Chuanhong , Tao Zhen , Zhang Yan , Wang Yunhe , Wang Wanyi , Tang Qingfeng , Li Peijin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe lepidopteran crop pest Plutella xylostella causes severe constraints on Brassica cultivation. Here, we report a novel role for RPX1 (resistance to P. xylostella) in resistance to this pest in Arabidopsis thaliana. The rpx1‐1 mutant repels P. xylostella larvae, and feeding on the rpx1‐1 mutant severely damages the peritrophic matrix structure in the midgut of the larvae, thereby negatively affecting larval growth and pupation. This resistance results from the accumulation of defence compounds, including the homoterpene (3E)−4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT), due to the upregulation of PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENE SYNTHASE 1 (PEN1), which encodes a key DMNT biosynthetic enzyme. P. xylostella infestation and wounding induce RPX1 protein degradation, which may confer a rapid response to insect infestation. RPX1 inactivation and PEN1 overexpression are not associated with negative trade‐offs for plant growth but have much higher seed production than the wild‐type in the presence of P. xylostella infestation. This study offers a new strategy for plant molecular breeding against P. xylostella.