bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of small additions of Li2O on phase separation and crystallization of barium‐silicate glasses
Authors: Kajihara Takato , Akatsuka Kosho , Hijiya Hiroyuki , Yoshida Satoshi , Mitsuta Aran , Gao Hongye , Fujino Shigeru , Hata Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt is known that the addition of Li2O to 33.3BaO‐66.7SiO2 glass, whose composition is the same as BaSi2O5, promotes crystallization of BaSi2O5. In this study, in order to clarify the effect of a smaller amount of Li2O, xLi2O‐(30‐x)BaO‐70SiO2[mol%] (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5) glasses were prepared. The main crystalline phases in the heat treatments near the maximum crystallization peak temperature, were high‐BaSi2O5 and low‐BaSi2O5 which transformed from high‐BaSi2O5. It is found that the introduction of only 0.2 mol% and 0.5 mol% Li2O significantly changes the crystallization behavior. In the composition without Li2O, only high‐BaSi2O5 was formed after heat treatment even for 24 h. For compositions containing Li2O, low‐BaSi2O5 was formed within 1 h of heat treatment. In these compositions, it is found that the addition of Li2O enhances phase separation in the early stage of heat treatment, resulting in the formation of Si‐rich droplet phases and Ba‐rich phases. The composition of the Ba rich glass phase would be close to the stoichiometric composition of BaSi2O5, suggesting a significant change in crystallization behavior.
Association of atopic dermatitis with conjunctivitis and other ocular surface diseases: A bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Weixin , Cai Jie , Li Zifan , Lin Ying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have suggested associations of atopic dermatitis (AD) with conjunctivitis and other ocular surface diseases (OSDs). It is still unclear, however, whether or in which direction causal relationships exist, because these associations could be confounded.ObjectiveOur study aims to examine the causal association of AD with conjunctivitis and other OSDs.MethodsA bidirectional two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed with genome‐wide association study (GWAS) summary‐level statistics. Genetic instruments for AD from a GWAS meta‐analysis study conducted by the EArly Genetics & Lifecourse Epidemiology eczema consortium were used to investigate AD's relationships to conjunctivitis and other OSDs among cases from the FinnGen consortium. Genetic correlations were calculated using linkage disequilibrium score regression. Causal estimates were derived by the inverse‐variance weighted method and were verified through a series of sensitivity analyses.ResultsGenetically predicted AD linked to higher risk of conjunctivitis (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33–1.65; p = 8.65 × 10−13) and allergic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.53; 95%CI, 1.31–1.77; p = 3.77 × 10−8), as well as atopic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.76; 95%CI, 1.24–2.52; p = 1.76 × 10−3). Additionally, suggestive causal effects of AD on chronic conjunctivitis (OR, 1.76; 95%CI, 1.24–2.52; p = 5.78 × 10−3) and keratitis (OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.01–1.30; p = 3.58 × 10−2) were found. No significant causal effect of AD was identified in relation to keratitis, keratoconus and pterygium. Concerning the reverse directions, no significant associations were noted.ConclusionsFindings of this MR study support a causal effect between AD and conjunctivitis, but not vice versa. These findings have clinical implications for the management of AD and conjunctivitis.
Stockpiling intentions and customer well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Slack Neale J. , Sharma Shavneet , Dhir Amandeep 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic and associated factors influence customers' stockpiling intentions. This study examines the impact of various factors on customers' stockpiling intentions. It develops a model combining threat severity and fear of COVID‐19, customer well‐being dimensions, and constructs relating to the theories of planned behavior and competitive arousal to explain the effect of these on stockpiling intentions. Adopting a quantitative design, we analyzed data from 476 respondents using covariance‐based structural equation modeling. The empirical results confirm that threat severity (with the fear of COVID‐19 as a mediator) and fear of COVID‐19 positively influenced individuals' attitudes toward stockpiling. Additionally, a positive attitude toward stockpiling, subjective norms that support stockpiling, the degree of perceived behavioral control, perceived scarcity, and time pressure positively influence stockpiling intentions. This study's findings thus contribute to a better understanding of customers' stockpiling intentions during a crisis and assist policymakers in developing effective COVID‐19 response and recovery strategies.
Advanced imaging of head and neck infections
Authors: Baba Akira , Kurokawa Ryo , Kurokawa Mariko , Reifeiss Scott , Policeni Bruno A , Ota Yoshiaki , Srinivasan Ashok 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhen head and neck infection is suspected, appropriate imaging contributes to treatment decisions and prognosis. While contrast‐enhanced CT is the standard imaging modality for evaluating head and neck infections, MRI can better characterize the skull base, intracranial involvement, and osteomyelitis, implying that these are complementary techniques for a comprehensive assessment. Both CT and MRI are useful in the evaluation of abscesses and thrombophlebitis, while MRI is especially useful in the evaluation of intracranial inflammatory spread/abscess formation, differentiation of abscess from other conditions, evaluation of the presence and activity of inflammation and osteomyelitis, evaluation of mastoid extension in middle ear cholesteatoma, and evaluation of facial neuritis and labyrinthitis. Apparent diffusion coefficient derived from diffusion‐weighted imaging is useful for differential diagnosis and treatment response of head and neck infections in various anatomical sites. Dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI perfusion may be useful in assessing the activity of skull base osteomyelitis. MR bone imaging may be of additional value in evaluating bony structures of the skull base and jaw. Dual‐energy CT is helpful in reducing metal artifacts, evaluating deep neck abscess, and detecting salivary stones. Subtraction CT techniques are used to detect progressive bone‐destructive changes and to reduce dental amalgam artifacts. This article provides a region‐based approach to the imaging evaluation of head and neck infections, using both conventional and advanced imaging techniques.
Development and validation of the Benevolent Sexism in the Workplace scale
Authors: Warren Catherine , Wax Amy , Brush Olivia T. , Magalona Joie , Galvez Gino 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBenevolent sexism is a set of attitudes towards women that are paternalistic and condescending but superficially kind, resulting in a host of negative intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences for its targets. While researchers have investigated benevolent sexism in general contexts for decades, only recently have researchers begun to explore the context of the workplace. This new focus on the workplace requires scale development and validation to appropriately measure the construct in this context. In line with this goal, the purpose of the study was to develop and validate the Benevolent Sexism in the Workplace (BSW) scale. Results from three studies indicated that the 19‐item BSW scale demonstrated robust initial evidence of reliability and validity. Specifically, Study 1 indicated that the BSW demonstrated the evidence of internal consistency and reliability across time, confirmed the predicted two‐factor structure through exploratory factor analysis and demonstrated that the scale predicted theoretically‐linked criterion variables. In Study 2, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the BSW factor structure found in Study 1 among a sample of working students, as well as examined additional, theoretically‐linked workplace criterion variables. Finally, in Study 3, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis and concurrent validity analyses provided additional support for the BSW factor structure and validity in a sample of working adults. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
How dental teams can help patients with temporomandibular disorders receive general dental care: An International Delphi process
Authors: Allison James R. , Offen Elizabeth , Cowley Terrie , Clare Deanne , Bergman Suzie , Feldman Jennifer Ginsburg , Schmidt Lisa Marie , Kalinowski Tricia , Türp Jens C. , Manfredini Daniele , Nixdorf Donald R. , DePalma Ann‐Marie C. , Durham Justin ,   International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (INfORM)
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) find it difficult to undergo dental care due to challenges caused by their condition, previous temporomandibular joint surgery or invasive dental procedures, and the impact of comorbid conditions. Managing routine dental care for some patients with TMD can be seen as challenging by some dental practitioners.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to work with patients experiencing TMD and clinicians to co‐produce recommendations aimed at helping general dentists to provide routine dental care for patients with TMD.MethodsA modified Delphi process was used to co‐produce recommendations. Six patients experiencing TMD, patient advocates and seven clinicians took part, including international TMD clinicians. Two meetings were held with patient participants, mediated by a trained facilitator. Recommendations suggested by patient participants were distributed to clinicians who were asked to add additional suggestions, but not to modify patients' recommendations unless to aid clarity. Additional themes were identified from the existing literature, and the recommendations were then reviewed by the International Network for Orofacial Pain and Related Disorders Methodology (INfORM) consortium.ResultsRecommendations were given to support patients before, during and after dental treatment. Participants identified specific and practical recommendations to help patients with TMD receive routine dental care, but also emphasised the need for professionals to listen sensitively to patients' concerns and work with patients in an empathetic and non‐judgmental way.ConclusionThese recommendations, co‐developed with patients experiencing TMD, should help dental professionals to provide supportive general dental care for patients with TMD.
The development of professional identity in clinical psychologists: A scoping review
Authors: Schubert Samantha , Buus Niels , Monrouxe Lynn V. , Hunt Caroline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionOur professional identity refers to our sense of who we are and how we should behave as professionals. Professional identities are developed through socialisation processes: Established ways of knowing and doing are acquired and reproduced. The professional identities of health care professionals have implications for the realisation of health care reforms that require new ways of being and doing from clinicians. Tension and frustration can arise when professional identities are incongruent with reform directions. More knowledge is required about the professional identities of mental health care professionals—including clinical psychologists—so that they can be supported to develop professional identities that align with health care system reforms.MethodWe undertook a scoping review of existing literature aiming to (i) identify the relevant literature; (ii) review the literature quality; (iii) thematically summarise the literature findings; (iv) consult with clinical psychologists; and (v) identify recommendations for research, training and practice.ResultsA systematic database search (PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) identified 24 relevant published articles and dissertations. Quantitative studies were excluded due to their markedly different research focus. Included studies were independently reviewed and findings summarised. Findings were organised around three themes: ‘integration of personal and professional identities’, ‘intersectionality’ and ‘changes in professional identity over time’. Research quality issues were identified. The trustworthiness of the findings was corroborated in consultation with clinical psychologists.DiscussionClinical psychologists recognise their professional identities as being interrelated with their personal identities and changing over time. They recognised professional identity as important yet inadequately considered in the profession. The research area is emerging yet remains undertheorised and requires improved research methodologies. Future theoretically informed research is required to build up a credible research base to better understand the development of clinical psychologists' professional identities so that this process can be facilitated to enable the realisation of health care reforms.
Joint pricing and inventory management under minimax regret
Authors: Li Chengzhang , Lu Mengshi 
Published: March 2023

We study the problem of jointly optimizing the price and order quantity for a perishable product in a single selling period, also known as the pricing newsvendor problem, under demand ambiguity. Specifically, the demand is a function of the selling price and a random factor of which the distribution is unknown. We employ the minimax regret decision criterion to minimize the worst‐case regret, where the regret is defined as the difference between the optimal profit that could be obtained with perfect/complete information and the realized profit using the decision made with ambiguous demand information. First, given the interval in which the random factor lies with high probability, we characterize the optimal pricing and ordering decisions under the minimax regret criterion and compare their properties with those in the classical models that seek to maximize the expected profit. Specifically, we explore the impact of inventory risk by comparing the optimal price and the risk‐free price and study comparative statics with respect to the degree of demand ambiguity and the unit ordering cost. We further show that the minimax regret approach avoids the high degree of conservativeness that is often incurred in the application of the commonly used max–min robust optimization approach. Second, when partial distributional information of the random factor is available, we adopt the Wasserstein distance to depict the distributional ambiguity and characterize the set of worst‐case distributions and the maximum regret given the selling price and order quantity. Third, we compare the minimax regret approaches with the traditional profit‐maximization approach in a data‐driven setting. We show via a numerical study that the minimax regret approaches outperform the traditional profit‐maximization approach, especially when the data are scarce, the demand has high volatility, and the number of exercised prices is small. Furthermore, leveraging the partial distributional information of the random factor can further improve the performance of the minimax regret approach.
Government social protection programme spending and household welfare in Lesotho
Authors: Boko Joachim , Raju Dhushyanth , Younger Stephen D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLesotho has notably high levels of poverty and inequality despite a high level of government spending on social protection programmes. We assess the performance of this spending in reducing consumption poverty and inequality, applying benefit incidence and microsimulation methods to 2017/2018 household survey data. We investigate the distributional effects of actual spending as well as those of a hypothetical alternative in which the spending is targeted through a proxy means test (PMT) formula used by the government for some programmes. We find that government spending on social protection programmes in Lesotho substantially reduces poverty and inequality. For most programmes, the hypothetical alternative of targeting spending to poorer households through the government's PMT formula would have no better distributional effects than current programme spending. The exception is postsecondary education bursaries, which are costly and regressive. Retaining bursaries only for poorer students, and reallocating the outlay this saves to a transfer targeted to poorer households through the government's PMT formula, could reduce poverty and inequality significantly.
Sophie de Grouchy on the Problem of Economic Inequality
Authors: Lustila Getty L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, I consider Grouchy's critique of economic inequality and her proposed solution to what she perceives as this grave social ill. On her view, economic inequality chips away at the bonds of accountability in society and prevents people from seeing one another as moral equals. As a step toward restoring these bonds between people, Grouchy argues that: first, we should expand property ownership, thereby giving each person a stake in the community; second, we should ensure access to education and redirect its aims, to provide people with the necessary tools to reason about the common good. In so doing, Grouchy claims, we can reawaken the sense of accountability that people have to one another in community.
Experimental deformation analysis of an adhesively bonded multi‐material joint for marine applications
Authors: Jaiswal Pankaj R. , Kumar R. Iyer , Juwet Thibault , Luyckx Geert , Verhaeghe Cedric , De Waele Wim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe strength and deformation of full‐scale adhesively bonded multi‐material joints is studied in this paper. Four joints with a thick layer of methyl methacrylate adhesive (MMA) have been manufactured in shipyard conditions. In two specimens, cracks have been introduced at steel–adhesive and composite–adhesive interfaces. One cracked and one un‐cracked specimen were subjected to quasi‐static tensile testing; the two remaining specimens were stepwise loaded/unloaded with increasing load until failure. The strain in the adhesive layers was measured with digital image correlation (DIC). This showed a predominant shear deformation and dissimilar shear strain patterns for different bond lines. Fibre Bragg (FBG) sensors were used to monitor strains at steel and composite constituents and to detect the onset and evolution of damage in the un‐cracked specimen. Strains measured by FBG sensors correspond well with DIC results at nearby regions. All specimens failed by delamination of the composite panel near the composite–adhesive interface.
Post‐activation depression from primary afferent depolarization (PAD) produces extensor H‐reflex suppression following flexor afferent conditioning
Authors: Metz Krista , Matos Isabel Concha , Hari Krishnapriya , Bseis Omayma , Afsharipour Babak , Lin Shihao , Singla Rahul , Fenrich Keith K. , Li Yaqing , Bennett David J. , Gorassini Monica A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSuppression of the extensor H‐reflex by flexor afferent conditioning is thought to be produced by a long‐lasting inhibition of extensor Ia afferent terminals via GABAA receptor‐activated primary afferent depolarization (PAD). Given the recent finding that PAD does not produce presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferent terminals, we examined in 28 participants if H‐reflex suppression is instead mediated by post‐activation depression of the extensor Ia afferents triggered by PAD‐evoked spikes and/or by a long‐lasting inhibition of the extensor motoneurons. A brief conditioning vibration of the flexor tendon suppressed both the extensor soleus H‐reflex and the tonic discharge of soleus motor units out to 150 ms following the vibration, suggesting that part of the H‐reflex suppression during this period was mediated by postsynaptic inhibition of the extensor motoneurons. When activating the flexor afferents electrically to produce conditioning, the soleus H‐reflex was also suppressed but only when a short‐latency reflex was evoked in the soleus muscle by the conditioning input itself. In mice, a similar short‐latency reflex was evoked when optogenetic or afferent activation of GABAergic (GAD2+) neurons produced a large enough PAD to evoke orthodromic spikes in the test Ia afferents, causing post‐activation depression of subsequent monosynaptic EPSPs. The long duration of this post‐activation depression and related H‐reflex suppression (seconds) was similar to rate‐dependent depression that is also due to post‐activation depression. We conclude that extensor H‐reflex inhibition by brief flexor afferent conditioning is produced by both post‐activation depression of extensor Ia afferents and long‐lasting inhibition of extensor motoneurons, rather than from PAD inhibiting Ia afferent terminals.
imageKey points
Suppression of extensor H‐reflexes by flexor afferent conditioning was thought to be mediated by GABAA receptor‐mediated primary afferent depolarization (PAD) shunting action potentials in the Ia afferent terminal.
In line with recent findings that PAD has a facilitatory role in Ia afferent conduction, we show here that when large enough, PAD can evoke orthodromic spikes that travel to the Ia afferent terminal to evoke EPSPs in the motoneuron.
These PAD‐evoked spikes also produce post‐activation depression of Ia afferent terminals and may mediate the short‐ and long‐lasting suppression of extensor H‐reflexes in response to flexor afferent conditioning.
Our findings highlight that we must re‐examine how changes in the activation of GABAergic interneurons and PAD following nervous system injury or disease affects the regulation of Ia afferent transmission to spinal neurons and ultimately motor dysfunction in these disorders.
Energy Dissipation on an Elastic Interface as a Metric for Evaluating Three Friction Models
Authors: Lawal Iyabo G. , Brake Matthew R. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effect of three different friction interface models on an elastic half-space is presented. Three constitutive friction models are studied: Coulomb, soil–concrete interface, and Bouc–Wen, using a computational mechanics framework that can represent the contact patch's material response to static and dynamic surface tractions. This response is observed as strains and stresses present from reciprocating sliding using an elastoplastic friction (EPF) algorithm that also captures energy dissipation and hysteresis due to friction sliding. Additionally, the use of the four-parameter Bouc–Wen model represents a new development in contact mechanics that allows micro-slip of the contact interface to be modeled. Hysteresis loops are generated for the three friction models based on a quasi-static assumption. This algorithm is built into a mesoscale finite element method solver that is able to simulate different loading conditions and provide insight into how the friction models respond to load conditions and inform on experimental data. The energy dissipation from reciprocating friction sliding will be generated for each friction model as a metric that captures surface wear and potential material damage.