bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk Factors in Hypertensive Population
Authors: Wang Tao , Ye Shen-sheng , Zhou Wei , Zhu Ling-juan , Huang Xiao , Bao Hui-hui , Cheng Xiao-shu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
To investigate the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the hypertensive population and analyze its related factors to provide relevant scientific basis for the formulation of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Methods
From March 2018 to August 2018, 14,268 residents were screened for physical examination and hypertension in Wuyuan district, Jiangxi Province, and collected information on demographic characteristics, life behavior patterns, personal disease history, and other information of survey subjects through questionnaire surveys. The central atrial fibrillation was determined by a 12-lead ECG examination and self-reported atrial fibrillation history. Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze related factors of atrial fibrillation.

Results
Finally, 11,524 hypertensive patients were enrolled, aged (64.1 ± 9.8) years old, of which 5,542 were male. There were 388 patients with atrial fibrillation, aged (69.4 ± 9.6) years old, of which 180 were males. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among hypertensive populations in Wuyuan district, Jiangxi Province was 3.37%, of which 3.00% were males and 3.75% were females. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients &lt;45 years old is 1.70%, the prevalence rate of 45–65 years old is 1.89%, the prevalence rate of 65–75 years old is 4.18%, and the prevalence rate of ≥75 years old is 7.60%. The rate showed an upward trend with age (trend χ2 = 112.83, P &lt; 0.001). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that age, gender, length of sleep, low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, and total bilirubin were independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions
Age, gender, length of sleep, low-density lipoprotein, blood pressure level, and total bilirubin are related factors for the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in people with hypertension. Regular biochemical indicator monitoring should be conducted for key populations at high risk of atrial fibrillation. And actively carry out health education and intervention for high-risk groups of atrial fibrillation.
Uman-type neurofilament light antibodies are effective reagents for the imaging of neurodegeneration
Authors: Shaw Gerry , Madorsky Irina , Li Ying , Wang YongSheng , Jorgensen Marda , Rana Sabhya , Fuller David D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent work shows that certain antibody-based assays for the neurofilament light chain detect informative signals in the CSF and blood of human and animals affected by a variety of CNS injury and disease states. Much of this work has been performed using two mouse monoclonal antibodies to neurofilament light, UD1 and UD2, also known as Clones 2.1 and 47.3, respectively. These are the essential components of the Uman Diagnostics Neurofilament-Light™ ELISA kit, the Quanterix Simoa™ bead-based assay and others. We show that both antibodies bind to neighbouring epitopes in a short, conserved and unusual peptide in the centre of the neurofilament light Coil 2 segment of the ‘rod’ domain. We also describe a surprising and useful feature of Uman and similar reagents. While other well-characterized neurofilament antibodies generally show robust staining of countless cells and processes in CNS sections from healthy rats, both Uman antibodies reveal only a minor subset of profiles, presumably spontaneously degenerating or degenerated neurons and their processes. However, following experimental mid-cervical spinal cord injuries to rats, both Uman antibodies recognize numerous profiles in fibre tracts damaged by the injury administered. These profiles were typically swollen, beaded, discontinuous or sinusoidal as expected for degenerating and degenerated processes. We also found that several antibodies to the C-terminal ‘tail’ region of the neurofilament light protein bind undamaged axonal profiles but fail to recognize the Uman-positive material. The unmasking of the Uman epitopes and the loss of the neurofilament light tail epitopes can be mimicked by treating sections from healthy animals with proteases suggesting that the immunostaining changes we discovered are due to neurodegeneration-induced proteolysis. We have also generated a novel panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against the Uman epitopes that have degeneration-specific staining properties identical to the Uman reagents. Using these, we show that the region to which the Uman reagents bind contains further hidden epitopes distinct from those recognized by the two Uman reagents. We speculate that the Uman-type epitopes are part of a binding region important for higher order neurofilament assembly. The work provides important insights into the properties of the Uman assay, describes novel and useful properties of Uman-type and neurofilament light tail-binding antibodies and provides a hypothesis relevant to further understanding of neurofilament assembly.
Fast forward approximation and multitask inversion of gravity anomaly based on UNet3+
Authors: Lv M , Zhang Y , Liu S 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYGravity inversion is a process that obtains the spatial structure and physical properties of underground anomalies using surface collected gravity anomaly data. In recent years, the rapid development of deep learning (DL) has enabled the achievement of good results for gravity inversion methods based on DL. These methods aim to learn the mapping between geological models and gravity anomaly data by training a neural network with geological models as labels. However, using DL inversion requires generating a large amount of training data for each geological target and involves the forward calculation of the generated models, which inevitably consumes a large amount of time and storage space. To address this issue, we propose using a neural network to approximate the expensive forward computation with a fast evaluation alternative. After training, the network can reproduce gravity anomalies at any observation point. To evaluate the effectiveness of the forward model, we use the gravity anomalies predicted by the forward network for inversion network training. Additionally, to mitigate the problem of poor generalization of existing DL inversions, we propose using multitask learning. By learning multiple related tasks simultaneously, the generalization ability of the model improves, thus enhancing the performance of the main task. In this paper, a multitask UNet3+ network is proposed to realize anomaly bodies localization and density contrasts reconstruction simultaneously. Test results on the synthetic data set demonstrate that the gravity anomalies predicted by the forward network can be successfully inverted, and the multitask approach can predict subsurface geology more accurately than the single-task. To further illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we apply this method to the inversion of the San Nicolas deposit in central Mexico.
Human calmodulin mutations cause arrhythmia and affect neuronal function in C. elegans
Authors: Jensen Helene H , Frantzen Magnus T , Wesseltoft Jonas L , Busuioc Ana-Octavia , Møller Katrine V , Brohus Malene , Duun Palle R , Nyegaard Mette , Overgaard Michael T , Olsen Anders 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In humans, mutations in calmodulin cause cardiac arrhythmia. These mutations disrupt the ability of calmodulin to sense calcium concentrations and correctly regulate two central calcium channels, together obstructing heart rhythm. This correlation is well established, but also surprising since calmodulin is expressed in all tissues and interacts with hundreds of proteins. Until now, most studies have focused on cardiac cell function and regulation of specific cardiac targets, and thus, potential other effects of these mutations have largely been unexplored. Here, we introduce the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model to study effects of three human calmodulin mutations with different impairment on calcium binding. We find that arrhythmic effects of the calmodulin mutations N54I and D96V can be recapitulated in disruption of two rhythmic behaviors, pharynx pumping and defecation motor program. Interestingly, we also find that these mutations affect neuronal function, but in different ways. Whereas D96V sensitizes signaling at the neuromuscular junction, N54I has a protective effect. The mutation N98S did not affect rhythmic behavior, but impaired chemosensing. Therefore, pathogenic calmodulin mutations act through different mechanisms in rhythmic behavior and neuronal function in C. elegans, emphasizing the strength of using live multicellular models. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that human calmodulin mutations could also contribute to neurological diseases.
Explaining machine learning models using entropic variable projection
Authors: Bachoc François , Gamboa Fabrice , Halford Max , Loubes Jean-Michel , Risser Laurent 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new explainability formalism designed to shed light on how each input variable of a test set impacts the predictions of machine learning models. Hence, we propose a group explainability formalism for trained machine learning decision rules, based on their response to the variability of the input variables distribution. In order to emphasize the impact of each input variable, this formalism uses an information theory framework that quantifies the influence of all input–output observations based on entropic projections. This is thus the first unified and model agnostic formalism enabling data scientists to interpret the dependence between the input variables, their impact on the prediction errors and their influence on the output predictions. Convergence rates of the entropic projections are provided in the large sample case. Most importantly, we prove that computing an explanation in our framework has a low algorithmic complexity, making it scalable to real-life large datasets. We illustrate our strategy by explaining complex decision rules learned using XGBoost, Random Forest or Deep Neural Network classifiers on various datasets such as Adult Income, MNIST, CelebA, Boston Housing, Iris, as well as synthetic ones. We finally make clear its differences with the explainability strategies LIME and SHAP, which are based on single observations. Results can be reproduced using the freely distributed Python toolbox https://gems-ai.aniti.fr/.
EvidenceMap: a three-level knowledge representation for medical evidence computation and comprehension
Authors: Kang Tian , Sun Yingcheng , Kim Jae Hyun , Ta Casey , Perotte Adler , Schiffer Kayla , Wu Mutong , Zhao Yang , Moustafa-Fahmy Nour , Peng Yifan , Weng Chunhua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
To develop a computable representation for medical evidence and to contribute a gold standard dataset of annotated randomized controlled trial (RCT) abstracts, along with a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline for transforming free-text RCT evidence in PubMed into the structured representation.

Materials and methods
Our representation, EvidenceMap, consists of 3 levels of abstraction: Medical Evidence Entity, Proposition and Map, to represent the hierarchical structure of medical evidence composition. Randomly selected RCT abstracts were annotated following EvidenceMap based on the consensus of 2 independent annotators to train an NLP pipeline. Via a user study, we measured how the EvidenceMap improved evidence comprehension and analyzed its representative capacity by comparing the evidence annotation with EvidenceMap representation and without following any specific guidelines.

Results
Two corpora including 229 disease-agnostic and 80 COVID-19 RCT abstracts were annotated, yielding 12 725 entities and 1602 propositions. EvidenceMap saves users 51.9% of the time compared to reading raw-text abstracts. Most evidence elements identified during the freeform annotation were successfully represented by EvidenceMap, and users gave the enrollment, study design, and study Results sections mean 5-scale Likert ratings of 4.85, 4.70, and 4.20, respectively. The end-to-end evaluations of the pipeline show that the evidence proposition formulation achieves F1 scores of 0.84 and 0.86 in the adjusted random index score.

Conclusions
EvidenceMap extends the participant, intervention, comparator, and outcome framework into 3 levels of abstraction for transforming free-text evidence from the clinical literature into a computable structure. It can be used as an interoperable format for better evidence retrieval and synthesis and an interpretable representation to efficiently comprehend RCT findings.
Matching methods for truncation by death problems
Authors: Zehavi Tamir , Nevo Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Even in a carefully designed randomised trial, outcomes for some study participants can be missing, or more precisely, ill defined, because participants had died prior to outcome collection. This problem, known as truncation by death, means that the treated and untreated are no longer balanced with respect to covariates determining survival. Therefore, researchers often utilise principal stratification and focus on the Survivor Average Causal Effect (SACE). We present matching-based methods for SACE identification and estimation. We provide identification results motivating the use of matching and discuss practical issues, including the choice of distance measures, matching with replacement, and post-matching estimators. Because the assumptions needed for SACE identification can be too strong, we also present sensitivity analysis techniques and illustrate their use in real data analysis.
Multiwavelength study of radio galaxy Pictor A: detection of western hotspot in far-UV and possible origin of high energy emissions
Authors: Gulati Sanna , Bhattacharya Debbijoy , Ramadevi M C , Stalin C S , Sreekumar P 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
A comprehensive study of the nucleus and western hotspot of Pictor A is carried out using AstroSat observations, 13 yr of Fermi, and archival Swift observations along with other published data. We report the first detection of the western hotspot of Pictor A in the far-UV band using observations from AstroSat-UVIT. The broad-band SED of the western hotspot is explained by a multizone emission scenario, where X-ray emission is caused by synchrotron emission process in the substructures embedded in the diffuse region, while the emission in radio to optical is caused by synchrotron emission process in the diffuse region. We do not notice any excess in the IR band and an additional zone (beyond 2-zone) is not required to account for the X-ray emission. Our broad-band spectro-temporal study and associated modelling of the core and hotspot of Pictor A suggests that (a) γ-rays originate in the nuclear jet and not from the hotspot (b) X-ray emission from the core of Pictor A has nuclear jet-origin instead of previously reported disc-origin.
Orbital stability of two circumbinary planets around misaligned eccentric binaries
Authors: Chen Cheng , Lubow Stephen H , Martin Rebecca G , Nixon C J 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
With n-body simulations, we investigate the stability of tilted circumbinary planetary systems consisting of two non-zero mass planets. The planets are initially in circular orbits that are coplanar to each other, as would be expected if they form in a flat but tilted circumbinary gas disc and decouple from the disc within a time difference that is much less than the disc nodal precession period. We constrain the parameters of stable multiple planet circumbinary systems. Both planet–planet and planet–binary interactions can cause complex planet tilt oscillations that can destabilize the orbits of one or both planets. The system is considerably more unstable than the effects of these individual interactions would suggest, due to the interplay between these two interactions. The stability of the system is sensitive to the binary eccentricity, the orbital tilt, and the semimajor axes of the two circumbinary planets. With an inner planet semimajor axis of $5\, a_{\rm b}$, where ab is the semimajor axis of the binary, the system is generally stable if the outer planet is located at $\gtrsim 8\, a_{\rm b}$, beyond the 2:1 mean motion resonance with the inner planet. For larger inner planet semimajor axis, the system is less stable because the von-Zeipel–Kozai–Lidov mechanism plays a significant role, particularly for low binary-eccentricity cases. For the unstable cases, the most likely outcome is that one planet is ejected and the other remains bound on a highly eccentric orbit. Therefore, we suggest that this instability is an efficient mechanism for producing free-floating planets.
The mass distribution of quasars in optical time-domain surveys
Authors: Sun Mouyuan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTThe determination of supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses is the key to understanding the host galaxy build-up and the SMBH mass assembly histories. The SMBH masses of non-local quasars are frequently estimated via the single-epoch virial black-hole mass estimators, which may suffer from significant biases. Here we demonstrate a new approach to infer the mass distribution of SMBHs in quasars by modelling quasar ultraviolet /optical variability. Our inferred black hole masses are systematically smaller than the virial ones by 0.3–0.6 dex; the ∼0.3 dex offsets are roughly consistent with the expected biases of the virial black-hole mass estimators. In the upcoming time-domain astronomy era, our methodology can be used to constrain the cosmic evolution of quasar mass distributions.
The strong effect of electron thermal conduction on the global structure of the heliosphere
Authors: Izmodenov V V , Alexashov D B 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTVoyager 1 and 2 crossed the heliopause at ∼122 au in 2012 and ∼119 au in 2018, respectively. It was quite a surprise because the thickness of the inner heliosheath obtained at that time by the existing time models of the global heliosphere was significantly larger (by 20–40 au). Until now, the problem of the heliosheath thickness has not been fully resolved. Earlier, in the frame of an oversimplified toy model of nearly isothermal solar wind plasma, it has been shown that the effect of electron thermal conduction may significantly reduce the thickness of the inner heliosheath. In this paper, we present the first results of our 3D kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of the global heliosphere, where the effect of thermal electron conduction has been considered rigorously. The thermal conduction acts mainly along the magnetic field lines. Classical and saturated thermal fluxes are employed when appropriate. It is shown that the effects of thermal conduction are significant. The thickness of the inner heliospheric is reduced. It is a desired effect since it helps to reconcile the thickness obtained in the model with Voyager data. The other effects are the strong depletion of the heliosheath plasma temperature towards the heliopause and the increase of the plasma temperature in the supersonic solar wind upstream of the termination shock.
Chasing the impact of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger on the formation of the Milky Way thick disc
Authors: Ciucă Ioana , Kawata Daisuke , Ting Yuan-Sen , Grand Robert J J , Miglio Andrea , Hayden Michael , Baba Junichi , Fragkoudi Francesca , Monty Stephanie , Buder Sven , Freeman Ken 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We employ our Bayesian Machine Learning framework BINGO (Bayesian INference for Galactic archaeOlogy) to obtain high-quality stellar age estimates for 68 360 red giant and red clump stars present in the 17th data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the APOGEE-2 high-resolution spectroscopic survey. By examining the denoised age-metallicity relationship of the Galactic disc stars, we identify a drop in metallicity with an increase in [Mg/Fe] at an early epoch, followed by a chemical enrichment episode with increasing [Fe/H] and decreasing [Mg/Fe]. This result is congruent with the chemical evolution induced by an early-epoch gas-rich merger identified in the Milky Way-like zoom-in cosmological simulation Auriga. In the initial phase of the merger of Auriga 18 there is a drop in metallicity due to the merger diluting the metal content and an increase in the [Mg/Fe] of the primary galaxy. Our findings suggest that the last massive merger of our Galaxy, the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, was likely a significant gas-rich merger and induced a starburst, contributing to the chemical enrichment and building of the metal-rich part of the thick disc at an early epoch.
New Insights into the Evolution and Gene Structure of the Mitochondrial Carrier Family Unveiled by Analyzing the Frequent and Conserved Intron Positions
Authors: Monné Magnus , Cianciulli Antonia , Panaro Maria A , Calvello Rosa , De Grassi Anna , Palmieri Luigi , Mitolo Vincenzo , Palmieri Ferdinando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMitochondrial carriers (MCs) belong to a eukaryotic protein family of transporters that in higher organisms is called the solute carrier family 25 (SLC25). All MCs have characteristic triplicated sequence repeats forming a 3-fold symmetrical structure of a six-transmembrane α-helix bundle with a centrally located substrate-binding site. Biochemical characterization has shown that MCs altogether transport a wide variety of substrates but can be divided into subfamilies, each transporting a few specific substrates. We have investigated the intron positions in the human MC genes and their orthologs of highly diversified organisms. The results demonstrate that several intron positions are present in numerous MC sequences at the same specific points, of which some are 3-fold symmetry related. Many of these frequent intron positions are also conserved in subfamilies or in groups of subfamilies transporting similar substrates. The analyses of the frequent and conserved intron positions in MCs suggest phylogenetic relationships not only between close but also distant homologs as well as a possible involvement of the intron positions in the evolution of the substrate specificity diversification of the MC family members.
Cisplatin reacts with the RING finger domain of RNF11 and interferes with the protein functions
Authors: Wang Yu , Yuan Siming , Cao Kaiming , Liu Yangzhong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Protein reactions play important roles in the mechanism of action of cisplatin. In this work, we found that cisplatin is highly reactive to the RING finger domain of RNF11, a key protein involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The results show that cisplatin binds to RNF11 at the zinc coordination site and leads to zinc ejection from the protein. The formation of S-Pt(II) coordination and Zn(II) ions release have been confirmed by UV–vis spectrometry using zinc dye and thiol agent, showing reducing the contents of thiol groups while forming S-Pt bonds and releasing zinc ions. Electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry measurement indicates that each RNF11 can bind up to three platinum atoms. Kinetical analysis shows a reasonable platination rate of RNF11 with t1/2 ∼ 3 h. CD, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gel electrophoresis measurements indicate that the cisplatin reaction causes protein unfolding and oligomerization of RNF11. Pull-down assay confirms that the platination of RNF11 interferes with the protein interaction of RNF11 with UBE2N, a key step of the functionalization of RNF11. Furthermore, Cu(I) was found to promote the platination of RNF11, which could lead to increased protein reactivity to cisplatin in tumor cells with high copper levels. These results indicate that the platination-induced zinc release of RNF11 disrupts the protein structure and interferes with its functions.