bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric bimorph-driven ultrasound scanner for high frequency ultrasound imaging
Authors: He Liyuan , Wen Zhiyi , Wang Boquan , Wu Dawei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ultrasound imaging commonly uses mechanical or electronic scanning methods. However, the mechanical scanning systems are bulky and susceptible to electromagnetic interference, while electronic scanning systems are complex and expensive. A more affordable and compact solution for high frequency preclinical and clinical imaging is single-element transducer based ultrasound imaging. This method offers high spatial resolution with low cost and low complexity. In this study, a novel single-element high frequency ultrasound imaging scanner was introduced. The scanner is based on piezoelectric bimorph drive and designed to be low-cost, compact, and handheld. Tungsten wire phantom imaging was performed on a dedicated ultrasound imaging system, and the obtained results were analyzed and compared. The results demonstrate that piezoelectric bimorph drive allows for high frequency imaging with a scanning speed of up to 208 frames per second. The image quality was higher than that of electromagnetic motor drive. The versatility of the ultrasound imaging system makes it suitable for preclinical and clinical applications, including small animal imaging, ophthalmic imaging, skin imaging, and intraoperative ultrasound imaging.
Dual LIDAR online calibration and mapping and perception system
Authors: Zheng Pengcheng , Li Zhitian , Zheng Shuaikang , Zhang Haifeng , Zou Xudong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Making autonomous mobile devices capable of autonomous positioning and map building in a GPS-denied environment as well as being able to circumvent people in the operating area simultaneously, is essential for many UGV appliances. In this paper, a mapping and positioning system using dual LIDAR is proposed for positioning and building maps. The system may also detect people in the operating space of the equipment using infrared heat maps. The localization and mapping information from each LIDAR is unified in a loosely coupled approach after simultaneous extrinsic calibration. We propose a method for constructing factor graph using LIDAR point cloud geometric features to optimally solve the dual LIDAR extrinsic in real time. We tested the localization accuracy with a publicly available dataset and three real-world scenarios and compared it with three existing methods. The test results in open-source datasets and real scenarios show that our proposed method improves the position and attitude estimation by up to 50% compared to the three existing methods, and the proposed dual LIDAR extrinsic calibration method can achieve an estimation accuracy of 0.05 m for the translational extrinsic and 1deg for the rotational extrinsic. In addition, our proposed method achieves well position and attitude estimation when other existing methods show severe drift in trajectory estimation in real scenarios. Thus, our proposed method is suitable for obtaining high accuracy measurements of LIDAR extrinsic parameters and for dense mapping and accurate localization in the environment of GNSS-denied and human mobility.
Spin-dependent polarization and quantum Hall conductivity in decorated graphene: influence of locally induced spin–orbit-couplings and impurities
Authors: Belayadi A , Vasilopoulos P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study spin transport through graphene-like substrates in the presence of one or several, locally induced spin–orbit coupling (SOC) terms resulting from periodically placed strips, on their top and decorated with a random distribution of impurities. Intrinsic SOC, Rashba SOC and/or pseudo-spin-inversion-asymmetry coupling are considered. A systematic investigation of the spin conductance identifies the main SOC terms which lead to its energy dependence as well as the extent to which the impurity concentration and each SOC term can affect or tune it, In addition, the spin current flow is considered in the presence of different SOC impurities and their related group symmetry such C
6v
, C
3v
, D
6h
and D
3h
. Further, we show that the quantum spin-Hall effect (QSHE) related to the spin edge states depends only on the spin character when the PIA and ISO terms are not sublattice resolved, and on both the spin and sublattice character when they are. In addition, we show that the RSO term plays a major role in obtaining edge states that are either protected on both edges or only on one edge against backscattering. This Rashba term creates an anticrosing gap that affects the symmetry in the edge localizations and leads to half-topological states. The results can facilitate the experimental choice of appropriately decorated strips to (i) develop spin-transistor devices by tuning the Fermi energy, (ii) control the robustness of the QSHE against backscattering even in the presence of on-site sublattice asymmetry induced by a transverse electric field or functionalizations, and (iii) provide a strong theoretical support for spintronic quantum devices.
Long-wavelength pulse generation via light-sail backscattering
Authors: Nies R , Krushelnick K , R Thomas A G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The next generation of multipetawatt laser facilities may enable new opportunities in radiation-pressure driven ion-acceleration. Owing to the motion of the thin solid foil used as a target in such experiments, the laser light reflected from the surface will be Doppler downshifted. We show that the downshifted light can be correlated with the ion energies and may be used as a diagnostic of the acceleration mechanism. The possibility of using the back-scattered light in ion acceleration experiments to produce long-wavelength few-cycle pulses is also explored. The highest ion velocities are obtained in the light-sail regime, the theory of which is here extended to regimes with varying reflectivity due to a time-dependent intensity. The reflected pulse with a large Doppler redshift and approximately linear chirp may subsequently be compressed using a grating compressor to obtain a near single cycle pulse with long wavelength and relatively high intensity. Analytic estimates are supported by 1D3P relativistic particle-in-cell simulations.
Use of electrical measurements for non-invasive estimation of plasma electron density in the inductively coupled SPIDER ion source
Authors: Jain Palak , Recchia Mauro , Sartori Emanuele , Serianni Gianluigi , Poggi Carlo , Ugoletti Margherita , Zaniol Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
SPIDER (source for the production of ions of deuterium extracted from RF plasma) is the full-scale prototype of the ITER neutral beam injector ion source. The plasma heating takes place inside eight drivers via inductive coupling, through the radiofrequency (RF) coil. To achieve optimum conditions during source operation it is necessary to know the plasma behavior under various operational conditions. One of the essential parameters is the plasma electron density. It is possible to experimentally measure this parameter and, currently, different methods are being explored, such as the estimations coming from a Langmuir probe and optical emission spectroscopy. However, these methods are either available for temporary measurements or require dedicated analyses with large uncertainties. In this regard, alternative, reliable, and fast diagnostic tools will be beneficial for the estimation of the order of magnitude of electron density inside the driver. Two models for the estimation of electron density are recalled, discussed, and further modified in this work: one is based on the classical power balance equation, and the other is recently described in the literature and relies on classical plasma conductivity. Both models use equivalent electrical parameters of the driver derived from available electrical measurements at the output of the RF generator and through the knowledge of the matching network and the transmission line length. This work explicitly focuses on the application of these models to estimate the plasma electron density in a single driver of SPIDER. Furthermore, the estimations are compared with the first experimental results obtained from temporary electrostatic probe measurements and are found to be in good agreement in terms of magnitude and trends.
Closure theory for high-collisionality multi-ion plasmas
Authors: Ji Jeong-Young 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A general formalism is developed to construct and solve a system of linearized moment equations for parallel and perpendicular closures in high-collisionality plasmas. It is applicable for multiple ion species with arbitrary masses, temperatures, charges, and densities. The convergence of closure coefficients is evaluated by increasing the number of moments from 2 to 32 for scalar, vector, and rank-2 tensor moments. As an example, the complete set of closure coefficients for a deuterium-carbon plasma over the entire Hall parameter range is presented. The closure coefficients at various temperature ratios show that the one-temperature closure coefficients can differ significantly from the two-temperature coefficients.
Miniaturized HTS linear flux pump with a charging capability of 120 A
Authors: Chen Dachuan , Bi Yanbo , Wu Wei , Chen Yiwen , Yu Xin , Zhu Siping , Zhang Chao , Hong Zhiyong , Wang Longbiao , Li Xiao-Fen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Owing to the presence of joint resistance and flux creep, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils without a power supply inevitably suffer from current decay. A flux pump is a voltage supply that requires connections with smaller footprints and a lower heat load than traditional current leads. In this study, we explain the principle of the upper limit for the output current of the traveling wave flux pumps. Based on this principle, a miniaturized linear flux pump device was developed. With narrow and misaligned iron teeth, elaborate 3D geometry of the iron pieces, and optimized driving current waveform, the miniaturized flux pump can support more than 120 A output current with only a 10 mm wide HTS tape and a compact size of 4.6 × 4.6 × 3.4 cm. Our experimental results show that the critical current of the HTS tape has a significant effect on the flux pump output. An HTS tape with a larger critical current supports a higher maximum transport current, whereas an HTS tape with a smaller critical current requires less applied current for positive output. Finally, excitation tests on HTS coils were performed. Charge/active discharge and field supplement experiments were done on a maglev HTS racetrack coil of 0.4 H, where charging/field supplement capability of the miniaturized flux pump were demonstrated up to 46.8 A (close to the critical current of the coil). It has also been proved that the flux pump can work together with an external power supply with persistent current switch. The miniaturized flux pump can also independently charge an HTS coil of 60 μH to 91.6 A, which is the critical current of the coil at a low voltage criterion.
Itinerant ferromagnetism in SU(N)-symmetric fermi gases at finite temperature: first order phase transitions and time-reversal symmetry
Authors: Huang Chen-How , Cazalilla Miguel A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At temperatures well below the Fermi temperature T

F
, the coupling of magnetic fluctuations to particle-hole excitations in a two-component Fermi gas leads to non-analytic corrections in the renormalized free energy and makes the transition to itinerant ferromagnetism first order. On the other hand, despite that larger symmetry often introduces larger degeneracies in the low-lying states, here we show that for a Fermi gas with SU(N > 2)-symmetry in three space dimensions the ferromagnetic phase transition is first order in agreement with the predictions of Landau’s mean-field theory in its minimal formulation, which contains a cubic term in the free-energy (Cazalilla et al 2009 New J. Phys.
11 103033). By performing unrestricted Hartree–Fock calculations for an SU(N > 2)-symmetric Fermi gas with short range interactions, we find the order parameter undergoes a finite jump across the transition. In addition, for SU(N > 2) we do not observe any tri-critical point up to temperatures

T
≃
0.5

T
F

, for which the thermal smearing of the Fermi surface and thermal fluctuations are substantial. Going beyond mean-field theory, we find that the coupling of magnetic fluctuations to particle-hole excitations makes the transition more abrupt and further enhances the tendency of the gas to become fully polarized for smaller values of N and the gas parameter

k
F

a
s

. In our study, we also clarify the role of time reversal symmetry in the microscopic Hamiltonian and obtain the temperature dependence of Tan’s contact. For the latter, the presence of the tri-critical point for N = 2 leads to a more pronounced temperature dependence around the transition than for SU(N > 2)-symmetric gases. Although the results are obtained for a microscopic model relevant to ultracold atomic gases, they may also apply to models of solid state systems with SU(N > 2) symmetry provided Coulomb interactions are sufficiently well screened.
Ion effects on the scaling of magnetic field amplification in plasmas with the system size
Authors: Lan Jie-Jie , Hu Zhang-Hu , Wang Xiao-Juan , Wang You-Nian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Magnetic field amplification during the nonlinear stage of the current filamentation instability excited by ultra-relativistic electron beams is investigated with a two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code, with special attention paid to the effects of plasma ions and the system size. The effect of plasma ions is shown to be significant and enhanced magnetic field amplification and beam energy deposition are found due to plasma cavity expansion and merger. When the system size in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the beam propagation direction) is enlarged by a factor of m, the transverse magnetic field energy is found to increase by a factor of m
2 in the case of the plasma with movable ions, in contrast to m with immovable ions. The results are also confirmed by three-dimensional PIC simulations.
Universal entanglement signatures of quantum liquids as a guide to fermionic criticality
Authors: Patra Siddhartha , Mukherjee Anirban , Lal Siddhartha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
An outstanding challenge involves understanding the many-particle entanglement of liquid states of quantum matter that arise in systems of interacting electrons. The Fermi liquid (FL) shows a violation of the area-law in real-space entanglement entropy of a subsystem, believed to be a signature of the ground state of a gapless quantum critical system of interacting fermions. Here, we apply a T = 0 renormalization group approach to the FL, unveiling the long-wavelength quantum fluctuations from which long-range entanglement arises. A similar analysis of non-Fermi liquids such as the 2D marginal Fermi liquid (MFL) and the 1D Tomonaga–Luttinger liquid reveals a universal logarithmic violation of the area-law in gapless electronic liquids, with a proportionality constant that depends on the nature of the underlying Fermi surface. We extend this analysis to classify the gapped quantum liquids emergent from the destabilisation of the Fermi surface by renormalisation group relevant quantum fluctuations arising from backscattering processes.
Effects of TiO2, CuO, and SiO2 nanoparticles addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10 wt% Zn alloy
Authors: AbdElRhiem Eman , Mostafa M M , Nada R H , Mohamed S G , Barakat Y F , Abdelaziz Shereen M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the effects of adding TiO2, CuO, and SiO2 (1 wt%) nanoparticles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. A set of composite alloys was produced by incorporating SiO2, CuO, and TiO2 nanoparticles to the Al-10 wt% Zn alloy. Optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the microstructure of these alloys. The mechanical properties of the composite solders were assessed using the Vickers hardness tests. After a solution heat treatment at 500 K for 2 h, samples were immediately aged at 373 to 473 K for 2 h, followed by water quenching at 300 K. The experimental data indicated that Al-10 wt% Zn-1wt% SiO2 samples had the highest hardness values among all investigated composite alloys. The calculated porosity percentages of the composite alloys revealed that the Al-10 wt% Zn-1 wt% SiO2 samples had the lowest percentage. This finding can be attributed to the fact that these samples demonstrated the highest hardness values. The hardness of all composite alloys decreased with increasing the aging temperature with anomalous behavior at 443 K, where they had abnormally high values. The observed differences in the mean crystallite size, lattice strain, and dislocation density of the composite alloys, calculated from XRD data with increasing aging temperature, are attributed to the precipitation in Al-Zn alloys. The calculated values of the stress exponent and activation energy of composite alloys may be associated with grain boundary diffusion (GBD) as the dominant operating mechanism.
A critical evaluation of structural, optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of novel erbium (III) oxide-reinforced borosilicate barium glass system
Authors: Abouhaswa A S , Sayyed M I , Mahmoud K G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A borosilicate barium glass series doped by erbium (III) oxide was fabricated using the conventional melt quenching technique with a melting temperature of 1100 °C and an annealing temperature of 400 °C. The x-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the glass samples are amorphous and have no long-range atomic arrangement. The densities of the borosilicate barium enhanced from 2.9749 g cm−3 to 3.0126 g cm−3 with an increasing Er2O3 substitution ratio. The UV–vis spectrum measurement showed an enhancement in the refractive index of the samples from 2.311 to 2.336. The γ-ray shielding properties of the fabricated glasses were estimated between 0.059 and 1.332 MeV. The obtained results showed an enhancement in the linear attenuation coefficient with increasing the Er2O3 substitution ratio to the borosilicate barium glass at low γ-photon energies while no considerable enhancement was achieved in the high and intermediate γ-photon energies. At γ-photon energy of 0.059 MeV, the linear attenuation coefficient was enhanced by a factor of ≈38%, while this ratio dropped to less than 10% for high and intermediate γ-photon energy. The mentioned results showed that the low concentrations of Er2O3 possess a significant enhancement in optical properties and low γ- ray shielding.
Mechanical, vibration, and optical properties of IrAl intermetallic compound via DFT calculations: high-pressure effect
Authors: Kars Durukan İlknur 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this study, the effect of pressure on the structural, elastic, anisotropy, electronic, phonon, and optical properties of the IrAl compound in B2 structure was investigated by the first-principles method. The lattice constant, volume, density, and bulk modulus parameters were compared with theoretical and experimental data at zero pressure, and their variations with pressure effect were also examined. The IrAl compound fullfills the Born criteria at all pressure values, indicating structural stability, as no instability is observed even with increasing pressure. The compound exhibits ductile properties according to Paugh ratio (B/G), Cauchy pressure (C12–C44, C’), and Poisson ratio (λ) criteria. Electronically metallic in nature, it has maintained this nature with pressure variation. The absence of negative frequencies in the phonon dispersion curve explains that the compound is dynamically stable. Mulliken Atom Populations analysis was used to understand the bond properties between Ir-Al atoms, focusing on charge transfer and ionicity. The complex dielectric function was employed to determine the optical properties and evaluate their variations under pressure. Finally, the effect of pressure on the physical and electronic properties of the IrAl compound useful for coating applications were evaluated.
Heating up Peccei-Quinn scale
Authors: Ramazanov Sabir , Samanta Rome 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We discuss production of QCD axion dark matter in a novel scenario, which assumes time-varying scale of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking. The latter decreases as the Universe's temperature at early times and eventually stabilises at a large constant value. Such behavior is caused by the portal interaction between the complex field carrying Peccei-Quinn charge and a Higgs-like scalar, which is in thermal equilibrium with primordial plasma. In this scenario, axions are efficiently produced during the parametric resonance decay of the
complex Peccei-Quinn field, relaxing to the minimum of its potential in the radiation-dominated stage. Notably, this process is not affected by the Universe's expansion rate and allows to generate the required abundance of dark matter independently of an axion mass. Phenomenological constraints on the model parameter space depend
on the number density of radial field fluctuations, which are also generically excited along with axions, and the rate of their thermalization in the primordial plasma.
For the ratio of radial field and axion particles number densities larger than ∼ 0.01 at the end of parametric resonance decay, the combination of cosmological and astrophysical observations with the CAST limit confines
the Peccei-Quinn scale to a narrow range of values ∼ 108 GeV, —
this paves the way for ruling out our scenario with the near future searches for axions.
Some space-time fractional bright–dark solitons and propagation manipulations for a fractional Gross–Pitaevskii equation with an external potential
Authors: Li Li , Yu Fajun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Some nonautonomous bright–dark solitons (NBDSs) and nonautonomous controllable behaviors in the conformable space-time fractional Gross–Pitaevskii (FGP) equation with some external potentials are derived. We consider the relations between the space-time FGP equation and the fractional nonlinear Schrödinger equation and analyze the properties of the obtained equation with group velocity dispersion and spatiotemporal dispersion. Then, some constraint conditions of the valid soliton solutions are given. Furthermore, we consider the effect of α and β in NBDSs of the space-time FGP equation. Some fractional spatial–temporal controlling wave prolong phenomena are considered, and some different propagation dynamics are generated via the different parameters α and β. We study novel shape bright soliton solution, novel ‘h’-shape dark soliton and some interactions of nonautonomous bright–dark solitons. The reported results of some novel interactions are considered, which can explain some models of the electrical and optical fields.