bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Pursuit of Care at a High-Volume Institution for Surgical Resection of Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Du Eric Y. , Assi Sahar H. , Moshtaghi Omid , Schwartz Marc S. , Friedman Rick A. , Dixon Peter R. 
Published: August 2023

Objective
Increased institutional surgical resection case volume for vestibular schwannomas (VSs) has been associated with improved patient outcomes, including reduced risk of prolonged hospital stay and readmission. Socioeconomic disparities in the pursuit of care at these high-volume institutions remain unknown.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort epidemiological study.

Setting
National Cancer Database, a hospital-based registry of over 1,500 facilities in the United States.

Patients
Adult VS patients (age, >18 years) treated surgically.

Interventions
High- versus low-volume facilities, defined using a facility case volume threshold of 25 cases per year. A risk-adjusted restricted cubic spline model was previously used to identify this risk threshold beyond which the incremental benefit of increasing case volume began to plateau.

Main Outcome Measures
Sociodemographic factors, including race, ethnicity, income, insurance status, and rurality. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for patient and tumor characteristics, including age, sex, Charlson–Deyo score, and tumor size.

Results
A totoal of 10,048 patients were identified (median [interquartile range] age = 51 [41–60] years, 54% female, 87% Caucasian). Patients with Spanish/Hispanic ethnicity (OR = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.96), income below median (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.55–0.73]), and Medicare, Medicaid, or other government insurance versus private insurance (OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.53–0.74) had reduced odds of treatment at a high-volume facility. Further sensitivity analyses in which facility volume was operationalized continuously reinforced direction and significance of these associations.

Conclusions
Socioeconomic disparities exist in the propensity for VS patients to be treated at a high-volume facility. Further work is needed to understand the nature of these associations and whether interventions can be designed to mitigate them.
The Evolution of Worldwide Nurse-Led Cancer Research in the Last 2 Decades (2004–2022)
Authors: Molassiotis Alex , Yorke Janelle , McCarthy Alexandra L. , Wengstrom Yvonne , Gibson Faith , Abu-Odah Hammoda 
Published: August 2023

Background
Research led by nurses has evolved rapidly over the last 2 decades globally. Assessing the work that has been conducted so far can help the specialty to strategically shape future directions of nurse-led cancer research.

Objective
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive, up-to-date synthesis of all nurse-led cancer research published articles over 20 years.

Methods
A bibliometric analysis was used. Three databases were used to retrieve nurse-led cancer research publications for the period from January 1, 2004, to March 11, 2022.

Results
A total of 7043 original articles were retrieved. A significant increase in nurse-led cancer research over the past 2 decades was evident. The United States and United Kingdom were the most productive countries in terms of the number of published articles. Minimal international collaboration was observed among low- or middle-income countries versus high-income countries. Breast cancer, palliative care, and quality of life received the most attention in nurse-led cancer research, followed by education, pain, and communication. Very few publications addressed cancer prevention, breaking bad news, and cancer rehabilitation.

Conclusion
Areas to consider in the future include more international collaborations on commonly agreed research agendas, capacity building to allow more research beyond the few countries that dominate the publications, and more focus on low- or middle-income countries.

Implications for Practice
The findings of this study provide direction for future research led by cancer nurses and the areas that warrant further investigation.
Relationship Between Cortisol Rhythm and Psychoneurological Symptom Cluster in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Takemura Naomi , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Ho Mu-Hsing , Lin Chia-Chin 
Published: August 2023

Background
Patients with advanced lung cancer commonly experience a high prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms, which tend to co-occur as a symptom cluster. Cortisol rhythm has the potential to influence psychoneurological symptom cluster based on neuroendocrine-immune models; however, little is known about the relationship between them.

Objective
To examine the intercorrelation among symptoms in psychoneurological symptom cluster and the factors influencing the severity of psychoneurological symptom cluster.

Methods
One hundred sixty-one patients with advanced lung cancer were recruited from 2018 to 2020 as part of a large study. Data on sleep disturbances, fatigue, and psychological distress were collected via self-report questionnaires, and the diurnal cortisol slope was analyzed using saliva samples. Linear regression analyses were adopted to examine the association between cortisol rhythm and demographic and clinical variables with psychoneurological symptom cluster.

Results
Psychoneurological symptoms (including sleep disturbances, fatigue, anxiety, and depression) were significantly correlated. Poor physical performance status (β = −0.061, P < .001), increased number of comorbidities (β = 0.533, P < .001), and flatter cortisol rhythm (β = 545.092, P < .001) were significantly associated with higher-severity psychoneurological symptom cluster. Diurnal cortisol slope (β = 328.829, P = .025) was identified as the most critical factor influencing the psychoneurological symptom cluster in multiple linear regression model after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions
Patients with flatter diurnal cortisol slopes were found to experience more severe psychoneurological symptom cluster, after controlling for demographic and clinical factors.

Implications for Practice
Interventions targeting the improvement of associated factors, such as comorbidities and physical performance status, could potentially alleviate the severity of the psychoneurological symptom cluster.
Investigating the Small Pixel Effect in Ultra-High Resolution Photon-Counting CT of the Lung
Authors: Huflage Henner , Hendel Robin , Kunz Andreas Steven , Ergün Süleyman , Afat Saif , Petri Nils , Hartung Viktor , Gruschwitz Philipp , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Grunz Jan-Peter 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate potential benefits of ultra-high resolution (UHR) over standard resolution scan mode in ultra-low dose photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) of the lung.Materials and MethodsSix cadaveric specimens were examined with 5 dose settings using tin prefiltration, each in UHR (120 × 0.2 mm) and standard mode (144 × 0.4 mm), on a first-generation PCD-CT scanner. Image quality was evaluated quantitatively by noise comparisons in the trachea and both main bronchi. In addition, 16 readers (14 radiologists and 2 internal medicine physicians) independently completed a browser-based pairwise forced-choice comparison task for assessment of subjective image quality. The Kendall rank coefficient (W) was calculated to assess interrater agreement, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was used to analyze the relationship between noise measurements and image quality rankings.ResultsAcross all dose levels, image noise in UHR mode was lower than in standard mode for scan protocols matched by CTDIvol(P< 0.001). UHR examinations exhibited noise levels comparable to the next higher dose setting in standard mode (P≥ 0.275). Subjective ranking of protocols based on 5760 pairwise tests showed high interrater agreement (W= 0.99;P≤ 0.001) with UHR images being preferred by readers in the majority of comparisons. Irrespective of scan mode, a substantial indirect correlation was observed between image noise and subjective image quality ranking (r= −0.97;P≤ 0.001).ConclusionsIn PCD-CT of the lung, UHR scan mode reduces image noise considerably over standard resolution acquisition. Originating from the smaller detector element size in fan direction, the small pixel effect allows for superior image quality in ultra-low dose examinations with considerable potential for radiation dose reduction.
Exploring the Pitfalls of Large Language Models: Inconsistency and Inaccuracy in Answering Pathology Board Examination-Style Questions
Authors: Koga Shunsuke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and Google Bard are making significant progress, with applications extending across various fields, including medicine. This study explores their potential utility and pitfalls by assessing the performance of these LLMs in answering 150 multiple-choice questions, encompassing 15 subspecialties in pathology, sourced from thePathologyOutlines.comQuestion Bank, a resource for pathology examination preparation. Overall, ChatGPT outperformed Google Bard, scoring 122 out of 150, while Google Bard achieved a score of 70. Additionally, we explored the consistency of these LLMs by applying a test-retest approach over a two-week interval. ChatGPT showed a consistency rate of 85%, while Google Bard exhibited a consistency rate of 61%. In-depth analysis of incorrect responses identified potential factual inaccuracies and interpretive errors. While LLMs have potential to enhance medical education and assist clinical decision-making, their current limitations underscore the need for continued development and the critical role of human expertise in the application of such models.
Evaluating the utility of REVEL and CADD for interpreting variants in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes
Authors: Fiorini Michael R. , Dilliott Allison A. , Farhan Sali M.K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease affecting approximately two per 100,000 individuals globally. While there are many benefits to offering early genetic testing to people with ALS, this has also led to an increase in the yield of novel variants of uncertain significance in ALS-associated genes. Computational (in silico) predictors, including REVEL and CADD, are widely employed to provide supporting evidence of pathogenicity for variants in conjunction with clinical, molecular, and other genetic evidence. However, in silico predictors are developed to be broadly applied across the human genome; thus, their ability to evaluate the consequences of variation in ALS-associated genes remains unclear. To resolve this ambiguity, we surveyed 20 definitive and moderate ClinGen defined ALS-associated genes from two large, open access ALS sequencing datasets (total people with ALS = 8,230; controls = 9,671) to investigate REVEL and CADD’s ability to predict which variants are most likely to be disease-causing in ALS. While our results indicate a predetermined pathogenicity threshold for REVEL that could be of clinical value for classifying variants in ALS-associated genes, an accurate threshold was not evident for CADD, and both in silico predictors were of limited value for resolving which variants of uncertain significance (VUS) may be likely pathogenic in ALS. Our findings allow us to provide important recommendations of the use of REVEL and CADD scores for variants, and indicate that both tools should be used with caution when attempting to evaluate the pathogenicity of VUSs in ALS genetic testing.
WITHDRAWN: What Risk Factors to Cause Long COVID and Its Impact on Patient Survival Outcomes when Combined with the Effect from Organ Transplantation in the Acute COVID
Authors: Nyandemoh Ahmed N , Anzalone Jerrod , Dai Hongyin , Mannon Roslyn , Dong Jianghu (James) 
Published: August 2023

Withdrawal statementmedRxiv has withdrawn this preprint owing to lack of consent from all listed authors. Therefore, this work should not be cited as a reference for this project.
Effectiveness of a mobile health app on initiated antihypertensive medications in patients with untreated hypertension
Authors: Matsumura Koichiro , Nakagomi Atsushi , Yagi Eijiro , Yamada Nobuhiro , Funauchi Yohei , Kakehi Kazuyoshi , Yoshida Ayano , Kawamura Takayuki , Ueno Masafumi , Nakazawa Gaku , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew effective tools have been identified that facilitate the initiation of antihypertensive medications in patients with untreated hypertension. To determine whether a mobile health (mHealth) application facilitates the initiation of antihypertensive medications in patients with untreated hypertension.MethodsWe analyzed a large, longitudinal, integrated database mainly comprising middle-aged, working people and their families. The database contained health checkup data, health insurance claims data, and mHealth app data. The mHealth app, kencom, is used to manage daily life logs (i.e. weight, number of steps) and to provide health information tailored to customers. Patients with untreated hypertension were defined using the baseline health checkup data. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between use of the mHealth app and the initiation of antihypertensive medications.ResultsAmong 50 803 eligible patients (mean age, 49 years; 78 % male) with a median follow-up period of 3.0 years. The rate of initiation of antihypertensive medication was 23.4 % vs. 18.5 % (p < 0.0001), which was significantly higher in the mHealth application group (n = 14 879) than in the non-user group (n = 35 924). Multivariable analysis revealed that usage of the mHealth app was associated with initiated antihypertensive medications (odds ratio 1.43, 95 % confidence interval 1.36–1.50).ConclusionIn patients with untreated hypertension, the use of the mHealth app, which was not dedicated to hypertension treatment, was associated with the initiation of antihypertensive medications.
Prediction of Daily New COVID-19 Cases - Difficulties and Possible Solutions
Authors: Liu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEpidemiological compartmental models, such asSEIR(Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious, and Recovered) models, have been generally used in analyzing epidemiological data and forecasting the trajectory of transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Experience shows that accurately forecasting the trajectory of COVID-19 transmission curve is a big challenge to researchers in the field of epidemiological modeling. Multiple factors (such as social distancing, vaccinations, public health interventions, and new COVID-19 variants) can affect the trajectory of COVID-19 transmission. In the past years, we used a new compartmental model,l-i SEIRmodel, to analyze the COVID-19 transmission trend in the United States. The letterslandiare two parameters in the model representing the average time length of the latent period and the average time length of infectious period. Thel-i SEIRmodel takes into account of the temporal heterogeneity of infected individuals and thus improves the accuracy in forecasting the trajectory of transmission of infectious diseases. This paper describes how these multiple factors mentioned above could significantly change COVID-19 transmission trends, why accurately forecasting COVID-19 transmission trend is difficult, what the strategies we have used to improve the forecast outcome, and some of successful examples that we have obtained.
A novel Bayesian fine-mapping model using a continuous global-local shrinkage prior with applications in prostate cancer analysis
Authors: Li Xiang , Sham Pak Chung , Zhang Yan Dora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of fine-mapping is to identify genetic variants causally contributing to complex traits or diseases. Existing fine-mapping methods employ discrete Bayesian mixture priors and depend on a pre-specified maximum number of causal variants which may lead to sub-optimal solutions. In this work, we propose a novel fine-mapping method called h2-D2, utilizing a continuous global-local shrinkage prior. We also present an approach to define credible sets of causal variants in continuous prior settings. Simulation studies demonstrate that h2-D2 outperforms the state-of-art fine-mapping methods such as SuSiE and FINEMAP in accurately identifying causal variants and estimating their effect sizes. We further applied h2-D2 to prostate cancer analysis and discovered some previously unknown causal variants. In addition, we inferred 385 target genes associated with the detected causal variants and several pathways that were significantly over-represented by these genes, shedding light on their potential roles in prostate cancer development and progression.
Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis of Pituitary Corticotroph Tumors Unveils Intratumor Heterogeneity
Authors: Piña Jeremie Oliver , Faucz Fabio R. , Padilla Cameron , Floudas Charalampos S. , Chittiboina Prashant , Quezado Martha , Tatsi Christina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomic (ST) analysis of tumors provides a novel approach on studying gene expression along with the localization of tumor cells in their environment to uncover spatial interactions. Herein, we present ST analysis of corticotroph pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. We report that the in situ annotation of tumor tissue can be inferred from the gene expression profiles and is in concordance with the annotation made by a pathologist. Furthermore, relative gene expression in the tumor corresponds to common protein staining used in the evaluation of PitNETs, such as reticulin and Ki-67 index. Finally, we identify intratumor heterogeneity; clusters within the same tumor may present with different secretory capacity and transcriptomic profiles, unveiling potential intratumor cell variability with possible therapeutic interest. Together, our results provide the first attempt to clarify the spatial cell profile in PitNETs.
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 lacking initiating and internal methionine codons within ORF10 is attenuatedin vivo
Authors: Gu Shichun , Bentley Eleanor G , Milligan Rachel I , Almuqrin Abdulaziz M. , Sharma Parul , Kirby Adam , Mega Daniele F , Kipar Anja , Erdmann Max , Bazire James , Heesom Kate J. , Lewis Philip A , Donovan-Banfield I’ah , Reston Charlotte , Webb Isobel , Neck Simon De , Dong Xaiofeng , Hiscox Julian A , Davidson Andrew D , Stewart James P , Matthews David A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 has been proposed to encode ORF10 as the 3’ terminal gene in the viral genome. However, the potential role and even existence of a functional ORF10 product has been the subject of debate. There are significant structural features in the viral genomic RNA that could, by themselves, explain the retention of the ORF10 nucleotide sequences without the need for a functional protein product. To explore this question further we made two recombinant viruses, firstly a control virus (WT) based on the genome sequence of the original Wuhan isolate and with the inclusion of the early D614G mutation in the Spike protein. We also made a second virus, identical to WT except for two additional changes that replaced the initiating ORF10 start codon and an internal methionine codon for stop codons (ORF10KO). Here we show that the two viruses have apparently identical growth kinetics in a VeroE6 cell line that over expresses TMPRSS2 (VTN cells). However, in A549 cells over expressing ACE2 and TMPRSS2 (A549-AT cells) the ORF10KO virus appears to have a small growth rate advantage. Growth competition experiments were used whereby the two viruses were mixed, passaged in either VTN or A549-AT cells and the resulting output virus was sequenced. We found that in VTN cells the WT virus quickly dominated whereas in the A549-AT cells the ORF10KO virus dominated. We then used a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and determined that the ORF10KO virus has attenuated pathogenicity (as measured by weight loss). We found an almost 10-fold reduction in viral titre in the lower respiratory tract for ORF10KO vs WT. In contrast, the WT and ORF10KO viruses had similar titres in the upper respiratory tract. Sequencing of viral RNA in the lungs of hamsters infected with ORF10KO virus revealed that this virus frequently reverts to WT. Our data suggests that the retention of a functional ORF10 sequence is highly desirable for SARS-CoV-2 infection of hamsters and affects the virus’s ability to propagate in the lower respiratory tract.
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND VALIDATION OF A NANOBIOSENSOR TO DETECT CIRCULATING MICROBIOME FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Nazeer Nazim , Dewangan Rakhi , Zaidi Kaniz , Gurjar Vikas , Tiwari Rajnarayan , Mishra Pradyumna Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious worldwide health concern that necessitates the development of novel diagnostic techniques for early identification and personalized healthcare management. Even before the insights provided by gut microbiota, current research has demonstrated the importance of circulating microbiome (CMB) in the evolution of cardiometabolic illness risk and progression. We developed a nanobiosensor that uses specific labeled capture probes with perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to detect the targeted 16S rRNA sequences in the peripheral milieu. With ideal applicability, specificity, and sensitivity, this sensor delivers unique insights into the presence and characterization of circulating microbiota signatures. Developing a nanophotonic microbiome detection method in body fluids may pave the way for creating a distinctive tool for CVD risk prediction for population-based screening programs in low and middle-income countries.