bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported reasons for discontinuation or continuation of antipsychotic medication in individuals with first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Stürup Anne Emilie , Hjorthøj Carsten , Jensen Heidi Dorthe , Melau Marianne , Davy Josefine Winther , Nordentoft Merete , Albert Nikolai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimMany individuals with schizophrenia discontinue initially prescribed antipsychotics. Knowledge on reasons for discontinuation among individuals with first‐episode schizophrenia is sparse. We aimed to describe reasons for discontinuation and continuation, differences between individuals discontinuing and continuing, and factors predicting reasons for discontinuation or continuation.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study with a post hoc design. Individuals with first‐episode schizophrenia were included from early intervention teams in Denmark from 2009–2012. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected at baseline and reasons for discontinuation and continuation of antipsychotics were assessed at 3.5‐year follow‐up.ResultsAmong 215 patients, 76 reported reasons for discontinuation and 139 for continuation. The most frequent reasons for discontinuation were “side effects” and “patient believed he/she no longer needed the medication because he/she was now better”. The most frequent reasons for continuation were “benefits for positive symptoms” and “another person told them to”. Individuals who discontinued antipsychotics were at baseline younger, had longer DUP, less negative symptoms, better social function, lower compliance, higher self‐belief of coping, and fewer used antipsychotics compared to those continuing antipsychotics.ConclusionsThe effect of antipsychotics is the main reason to continue, whereas side effects were the main reason to discontinue. Knowledge of reasons to discontinue or continue is helpful in shared decision‐making, identifying individuals with high odds of discontinuation, improving adherence, and helping with safe discontinuation.
Elevated serum anti‐Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody accompanied by gut mycobiota dysbiosis as a biomarker of diagnosis in patients with de novo Parkinson disease
Authors: Chen Ying , Zhang Li‐Ying , Fang Yi , Li Chuan , Xia Dan‐Dan , Zhang Gong , Wen Yi , Zhang Song‐Zhao , Hu Liu , Gu Lu‐Yan , Liu Yi , Tian Jun , Yan Ya‐Ping , Yin Xin‐Zhen , Tao Zhi‐Hua , Zhang Bao‐Rong , Pu Jia‐Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeIntestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis contribute to Parkinson disease (PD) pathogenesis, and growing evidence suggests associations between inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and PD. Considered as markers of chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, elevated serum anti‐Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) levels, against certain gut fungal components, are related to IBD, but their effect on PD is yet to be investigated.MethodsSerum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and the gut mycobiota communities were investigated using ITS2 sequencing and analyzed using the Qiime pipeline.ResultsThe study included 393 subjects (148 healthy controls [HCs], 140 with PD, and 105 with essential tremor [ET]). Both serum ASCA IgG and IgA levels were significantly higher in the PD group than in the ET and HC groups. Combining serum ASCA levels and the occurrence of constipation could discriminate patients with PD from controls (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.76–0.86) and from patients with ET (AUC = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.79–0.89). Furthermore, the composition of the gut fungal community differed between the PD and HC groups. The relative abundances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus, Candida solani, Aspergillus flavus, ASV601_Fungi, ASV866_Fungi, and ASV755_Fungi were significantly higher in the PD group, and enriched Malassezia restricta was found in the HC group.ConclusionsOur study identified elevated serum ASCA levels and enriched gut Saccharomyces cerevisiae in de novo PD.
A region‐specific modulation of sleep slow waves on interictal epilepsy markers in focal epilepsy
Authors: Chen Cong , Wang Yunling , Ye Lingqi , Xu Jiahui , Ming Wenjie , Liu Xiaochen , Hu Lingli , Ye Hongyi , Xu Cenglin , Wang Yi , Wang Zhongjing , Ding Yao , Zhu Junming , Ding Meiping , Chen Zhong , Wang Shuang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveSleep strongly activates interictal epileptic activity through an unclear mechanism. We investigated how scalp sleep slow waves (SSWs), whose positive and negative half‐waves reflect the fluctuation of neuronal excitability between the up and down states, respectively, modulate interictal epileptic events in focal epilepsy.MethodsSimultaneous polysomnography was performed in 45 patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy during intracranial electroencephalographic recording. Scalp SSWs and intracranial spikes and ripples (80–250 Hz) were detected; ripples were classified as type I (co‐occurring with spikes) or type II (occurring alone). The Hilbert transform was used to analyze the distributions of spikes and ripples in the phases of SSWs.ResultsThirty patients with discrete seizure‐onset zone (SOZ) and discernable sleep architecture were included. Intracranial spikes and ripples accumulated around the negative peaks of SSWs and increased with SSW amplitude. Phase analysis revealed that spikes and both ripple subtypes in SOZ were similarly facilitated by SSWs exclusively during down state. In exclusively irritative zones outside SOZ (EIZ), SSWs facilitated spikes and type I ripples across a wider range of phases and to a greater extent than those in SOZ. The type II and type I ripples in EIZ were modulated by SSWs in different patterns. Ripples in normal zones decreased specifically during the up‐to‐down transition and then increased after the negative peak of SSW, with a characteristically high post‐/pre‐negative peak ratio.SignificanceSSWs modulate interictal events in an amplitude‐dependent and region‐specific pattern. Pathological ripples and spikes were facilitated predominantly during the cortical down state. Coupling analysis of SSWs could improve the discrimination of pathological and physiological ripples and facilitate seizure localization.
Overparenting and psychological well‐being of emerging adult children in the United States and China
Authors: Hong Peipei , Cui Ming 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate (a) the association between overparenting and emerging‐adult children's psychological maladjustment through basic psychological needs satisfaction (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) and (b) whether the associations, particularly the associations between overparenting and needs satisfaction, vary by cultures.BackgroundResearch in Western countries suggests that overparenting may undermine emerging‐adult children's psychological well‐being. This raises the question of whether overparenting influences emerging adults in a similar way in the collectivistic cultures in Eastern countries where overparenting may be perceived differently.MethodSurvey data were obtained from college students in the United States (N = 414, Mage = 20.38) and China (N = 612, Mage = 20.21).ResultsStructural equation modeling yielded two major findings. First, largely in line with the view of cultural universalism, in both the United States and China, overparenting was linked to emerging adults' psychological maladjustment through lower basic needs satisfaction. Second, supporting the view of cultural relativism, the negative relations between maternal overparenting and needs satisfaction were stronger in the United States than in China.ConclusionOverparenting was associated with emerging‐adult children's lower basic needs satisfaction and more well‐being problems; however, the strength of the association between overparenting and needs satisfaction varied across cultures.Implications.The principle of universalism without uniformity applies to overparenting.
Neritic larval fish assemblages across the Texas shelf in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico following Hurricane Harvey
Authors: McAskill Shannan , Tolan James M. , Zapfe Glenn A. , Geist Simon J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFall is an important time of year for fish recruitment in the Gulf of Mexico, with many commercially and recreationally important species spawning during this period. Changes in temperature and salinity regimes through seasonally abnormal freshwater input may change spawning patterns and displace larvae. Such an event occurred off the coast of Galveston Bay, Texas, when a freshwater flood plume formed from unprecedented rainfall related to Hurricane Harvey at the end of August 2017. This study investigated the effects of a large‐scale flood plume on larval fish assemblages, collected at nearshore and shelf zones 1 and 2 months after Hurricane Harvey. Samples from 2017 were compared to historical datasets collected by NOAA Fisheries in September (2000–2004 and 2006–2016) and October (2000–2012). Evidence of lowered water temperature and salinity was found in both September and October 2017. Larval community composition changed along cross‐shelf gradients and with increasing distance from shore. We also found evidence of 2017 assemblages differing from historical data, with the September 2017 assemblage more closely resembling those from October historical samples. Observed differences in 2017 assemblages were most likely explained by an earlier onset in fall sciaenid spawning, suggesting that decreases in water temperature occurring during hurricanes have the potential to alter fish spawning patterns.
Contrasting responses of peak vegetation growth to asymmetric warming: Evidences from FLUXNET and satellite observations
Authors: Liu Ying , Wu Chaoyang , Wang Xiaoyue , Zhang Yao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe peak growth of plant in summer is an important indicator of the capacity of terrestrial ecosystem productivity, and ongoing studies have shown its responses to climate warming as represented in the mean temperature. However, the impacts from the asymmetrical warming, that is, different rates in the changes of daytime (Tmax) and nighttime (Tmin) warming were mostly ignored. Using 60 flux sites (674 site‐year in total) measurements and satellite observations from two independent satellite platforms (Global Inventory Monitoring and Modeling Studies [1982–2015]; MODIS [2000–2020]) over the Northern Hemisphere (≥30°N), here we show that the peak growth, as represented by both flux‐based maximum primary productivity and the maximum greenness indices (maximum normalized difference vegetation index and enhanced vegetation index), responded oppositely to daytime and nighttime warming. (peak growth showed negative responses to Tmax, but positive responses to Tmin) dominated in most ecosystems and climate types, especially in water‐limited ecosystems, while (peak growth showed positive responses to Tmax, but negative responses to Tmin) was primarily observed in high latitude regions. These contrasting responses could be explained by the strong association between asymmetric warming and water conditions, including soil moisture, evapotranspiration/potential evapotranspiration, and the vapor pressure deficit. Our results are therefore important to the understanding of the responses of peak growth to climate change, and consequently a better representation of asymmetrical warming in future ecosystem models by differentiating the contributions between daytime and nighttime warming.
Co‐occurrence of herbivorous fish functional groups correlates with enhanced coral reef benthic state
Authors: Sheppard Catherine E. , Williams Gareth J. , Exton Dan A. , Keith Sally A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimBiodiversity loss is impacting essential ecosystem functions and services across the globe. Recently, our interest in the benefits of biodiversity for ecosystem function has shifted focus from measurements of species richness to functional diversity and composition. However, the additional importance of other community characteristics, such as species evenness and co‐occurrence, for diversity‐driven ecosystem function is less known. We used herbivorous coral reef fish as a model system to investigate how co‐occurrence of different functional groups, rather than purely functional diversity, within an assemblage might affect the coral reef benthic state.LocationWestern Atlantic.Time period2007–2017.Major taxa studiedHerbivorous reef fish.MethodsWe analysed benthic and fish assemblage data from 601 sites across 12 countries in the western Atlantic. Using diversity–interaction models, we investigated how the composition and relative abundances of reef fish functional groups were correlated with benthic cover and estimates of coral calcification rates. We used statistical interactions to explore the importance of co‐occurrence of herbivorous fish functional groups for the coral reef benthic state.ResultsWe found that co‐occurrence of herbivorous fish functional groups, in addition to functional diversity, was correlated with reduced algal cover and increased coral accretion. Moreover, pairwise statistical interactions between functional groups were significantly correlated with an improvement in the coral reef benthic state.Main conclusionsOur results support the idea that functional group co‐occurrence, in addition to functional diversity, within herbivorous fish offers additional benefits to the coral reef benthic state. We identify farming damselfish and excavating parrotfish as potential key determinants of the coral reef benthic state and highlight that co‐occurrence of cropping and scraping herbivores might promote coral accretion. Our findings support the argument that protecting herbivore abundance without regard to the species and functional groups present is not enough to preserve coral reef health and that fine‐scale community composition must be considered.
Migraine treatment in pregnancy: A survey of comfort and treatment practices of women's healthcare providers
Authors: Verhaak Allison , Bakaysa Stephanie , Johnson Amy , Veronesi Maria , Williamson Anne , Grosberg Brian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess women's healthcare providers' treatment practices for pregnant women with migraine.BackgroundMigraine is associated with several maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy, including preeclampsia and preterm birth. Migraine treatment during pregnancy can present significant challenges due to lack of controlled clinical trials and risks associated with specific medications.MethodsWomen's healthcare providers were queried regarding practice patterns and comfort with use of acute and preventive migraine treatments during pregnancy. The survey was distributed online.ResultsThe survey was completed by 92 women's healthcare providers (response rate 22.9% [92/402]), with most specializing in general obstetrics and gynecology (91% [83/92]). Approximately one‐fourth (26% [24/92]) of respondents indicated they counseled women on migraine treatment in pregnancy as early as before pregnancy contemplation, while over one‐third (35% [32/92]) counseled on migraine treatment once the patient became pregnant. The majority of respondents reported feeling somewhat or very comfortable with recommending (63% [58/92]) or continuing (64% [59/92]) acute treatments for pregnant patients with migraine, with highest comfort levels for acetaminophen (100% [92/92] for prescribing or continuing) and caffeine (94% [85/90] prescribing, 91% [82/90] continuing). Higher levels of discomfort were reported with triptans (88% [80/91] rarely or never prescribe during pregnancy). Survey respondents felt less comfortable with recommending preventive migraine treatments to pregnant patients (40% [37/92] somewhat or very comfortable), compared with a higher comfort level with continuing preventive medications (63% [58/92] somewhat or very comfortable). Highest comfort levels were reported with use of magnesium (69% [63/91] comfortable prescribing, 82% [75/92] comfortable continuing) and non‐pharmacologic approaches (70% [62/89] comfortable prescribing, 84% [75/89] comfortable continuing). Nearly 40% (35/92) of respondents reported that they typically refer to neurologists or headache specialists for migraine treatment during pregnancy.ConclusionThis survey of women's healthcare providers revealed varying levels of comfort regarding migraine management during pregnancy, and highlights the need for additional education regarding migraine treatment safety data during pregnancy.
Differential impact of proton pump inhibitor on survival outcomes of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab
Authors: Tomisaki Ikko , Harada Mirii , Sakano Shigeru , Terado Michikazu , Hamasuna Ryoichi , Harada Shuji , Matsumoto Hiroomi , Akasaka Soichiro , Nagata Yujiro , Minato Akinori , Harada Ken‐ichi , Fujimoto Naohiro 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesWe clarified the effect of concomitant proton pump inhibitor use on oncological outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated either with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitor.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma who received paclitaxel–gemcitabine therapy or pembrolizumab after platinum‐based chemotherapy. The patients were divided into four groups based on the treatment regimen and the concomitant use of proton pump inhibitor. We compared survival outcomes between the groups and determined which factors predicted overall survival.ResultsAmong the 60 and 75 patients treated with paclitaxel–gemcitabine and pembrolizumab, 15 and 29 used a concomitant proton pump inhibitor. Progression‐free and overall survival was significantly shorter in patients who were administered pembrolizumab with concomitant proton pump inhibitor compared to those without. The use of a concomitant proton pump inhibitor had no effect on survival outcomes in patients who received paclitaxel–gemcitabine therapy. Furthermore, progression‐free and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients treated with paclitaxel–gemcitabine therapy compared to those treated with pembrolizumab among patients without concomitant proton pump inhibitor. In contrast, there was no difference in survival outcomes between the two regimens among patients with concomitant proton pump inhibitor. Concomitant proton pump inhibitor use was associated with poor overall survival only in patients treated with pembrolizumab.ConclusionThe use of a concomitant proton pump inhibitor use had no impact on oncological outcomes in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with paclitaxel–gemcitabine therapy, different from those treated with pembrolizumab.
Green Labs: a guide to developing sustainable science in your organization
Authors: Durgan Joanne , Rodríguez‐Martínez Marta , Rouse Brendan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractScientific research plays a vital role for society, but carries a significant environmental footprint, involving intensive use of energy and resources. Scientists are well placed to understand the unfolding climate and ecological crises, but may not appreciate how heavily their research, and other work‐related activities, contribute to emissions and pollution. With the consequences of climate change and ecological breakdown playing out in real time, scientists now have an important, urgent role to play in catalyzing solutions. Here, we explore how research organizations can reduce their environmental impact, share useful resources and encourage the global community to engage in making science more sustainable.
Survey of medical oncologists and trainee practice on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment in solid cancers
Authors: Yeung James , Tjokrowidjaja Angelina , Lewis Craig , Lynch Jodi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) has a significant adverse impact on the outcomes of patients with active solid malignancies. Prophylaxis is indicated for cancer‐associated VTE (CA‐VTE) using the Khorana score for risk stratification. We surveyed medical oncology fellows and trainees regarding their practice in CA‐VTE. Regarding treatment of CA‐VTE, practice was consistent with guidelines. However, regarding prophylaxis for CA‐VTE, there was a high degree of uncertainty, which highlights the need for ongoing education.
Casualties during Australian military operations in New Guinea 1914–1919
Authors: Shanks G. Dennis 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCasualties during the occupation of German New Guinea by the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force starting in September 1914 were limited to six dead during a few initial armed clashes and the loss of RAN submarine AE‐1, followed by a few years of tropical disease exposures. A dengue epidemic affected most soldiers within a month of their arrival in Rabaul. Subsequently, a malaria epidemic swept through the occupation forces in January 1915 infecting a majority of the soldiers and killing five. Malaria was eventually controlled by daily draughts of quinine solution. Diarrhoea/dysentery was a particular concern among the local contract labour force. Skin diseases were a major chronic problem of tropical service. Twenty‐seven non‐combat deaths over 4 years (<1%/year) were considered a ‘healthy’ outcome for the occupation force which consisted largely of men unfit for active service in the Australian Imperial Force. No one should under‐estimate the modern requirement to protect non‐immune soldiers or travellers going to Papua New Guinea for extended periods.