bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural Dynamic Underlying Coordination Process between Habitual and Goal-Directed Behavior
Authors: He Mengyang , Wen Wen , Qi Changzhu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe coordination between habitual and goal-directed behaviors has significant evolutionary importance. However, the specific cognitive processes and neural mechanisms underlying this coordination process require further research. Since inducing natural habitual responses through repetitive stimuli-response training in a laboratory environment is extremely difficult in humans, well-trained sports experts with automatic perception-action features towards expertise-related stimuli serve as ideal natural samples to address this critical gap. We conducted scalp EEG recordings while sports experts performed an expertise Simon task that involved both automatic and goal-directed processes with moderate space of expertise-related stimuli congruent or incongruent with the response hand. In the congruent condition, sports experts showed larger response-locked LRP and beta band (15-25Hz) activity at the frontal-central region, indicating an enhanced automatic response tendency towards expertise-related stimuli. In the incongruent condition, a larger theta (3-8Hz) dynamic was observed in the superior frontal gyrus when sports experts needed to inhibit the automatic response tendency. The results indicated that sports experts exhibited an enhanced coordination process towards expertise-related stimuli, which was closely related to specific cognitive processes of response preparation and response inhibition in coordinating habitual and goal-directed behaviors
Hierarchy and networks in the transcriptional response ofMycobacterium abscessusto antibiotics
Authors: Hurst-Hess Kelley , McManaman Charity , Yang Yong , Gupta Shamba , Ghosh Pallavi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMycobacterium abscessuscauses acute and chronic pulmonary infection in patients with chronic lung damage. It is intrinsically resistance to antibiotics effective against other pathogenic mycobacteria largely due to the drug-induced expression of genes that confer resistance. Induction of genes upon exposure to ribosome targeting antibiotics proceeds via WhiB7-dependent and -independent pathways. WhiB7 controls the expression of >100 genes, a few of which are known determinants of drug resistance. The function of the vast majority of genes within the regulon is unknown, but some conceivably encode additional mechanisms of resistance. Furthermore, the hierarchy of gene expression within the regulon, if any, is poorly understood. In the present work we have identified 56 WhiB7 binding sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (CHIP-Seq) which accounts for the WhiB7-dependent upregulation of 70 genes, and find thatM. abscessusWhiB7 functions exclusively as a transcriptional activator at promoters recognized by σA/σBWe have investigated the role of 18 WhiB7 regulated genes in drug resistance and demonstrated the role of MAB_1409c and MAB_4324c in aminoglycoside resistance. Further, we identify a σH-dependent pathway in aminoglycoside and tigecycline resistance which is induced upon drug exposure and is further activated by WhiB7 demonstrating the existence of a crosstalk between components of the WhiB7-dependent and -independent circuits.Abstract ImportanceThe induction of multiple genes that confer resistance to structurally diverse ribosome-targeting antibiotics is funneled through the induction of a single transcriptional activator, WhiB7, by antibiotic-stalled ribosomes. This poses a severe restriction inM. abscessustherapy as treatment with one ribosome-targeting antibiotic confers resistance to all other ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Here we uncover the intricacies of the WhiB7 regulatory circuit, identify three previously unknown determinants of aminoglycoside resistance and unveil a communication between WhiB7 dependent and independent components. This not only expands our understanding of the antibiotic resistance potential ofM. abscessusbut can also inform the development of much needed therapeutic options.
Automated scoring of nematode nictation on a textured background
Authors: McClanahan Patrick D. , Golinelli Luca , Le Tuan Anh , Temmerman Liesbet 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes, includingSteinernemaspp., play an increasingly important role as biological alternatives to chemical pesticides. The infective juveniles of these worms use nictation – a behavior in which animals stand on their tails – as a host-seeking strategy. The developmentally-equivalent dauer larvae of the free-living nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansalso nictate, but as a means of phoresy or “hitching a ride” to a new food source. Advanced genetic and experimental tools have been developed forC. elegans, but time-consuming manual scoring of nictation slows efforts to understand this behavior, and the textured substrates required for nictation can frustrate traditional machine vision segmentation algorithms. Here we present a Mask R-CNN-based tracker capable of segmentingC. elegansdauers andS. carpocapsaeinfective juveniles on a textured background suitable for nictation, and a machine learning pipeline that scores nictation behavior. We use our system to show that the nictation propensity ofC. elegansfrom high-density liquid cultures largely mirrors their development into dauers, and to quantify nictation inS. carpocapsaeinfective juveniles in the presence of a potential host. This system is an improvement upon existing intensity-based tracking algorithms and human scoring which can facilitate large-scale studies of nictation and potentially other nematode behaviors.
Xiphoid nucleus of the midline thalamus controls cold-induced food seeking
Authors: Lal Neeraj K. , Le Phuong , Aggarwal Samarth , Zhang Alan , Wang Kristina , Qi Tianbo , Pang Zhengyuan , Yang Dong , Nudell Victoria , Yeo Gene W. , Banks Alexander S. , Ye Li 
Published: March 2023

SummaryMaintaining body temperature is calorically expensive for endothermic animals. Mammals eat more in the cold to compensate for energy expenditure, but the neural mechanism underlying this coupling is not well understood. Through behavioral and metabolic analyses, we found that mice dynamically switch between energy conservation and food-seeking states in the cold, the latter of which is primarily driven by energy expenditure rather than the sensation of cold. To identify the neural mechanisms underlying cold-induced food seeking, we use whole-brain cFos mapping and found that the xiphoid (Xi), a small nucleus in the midline thalamus, was selectively activated by prolonged cold associated with elevated energy expenditure but not with acute cold exposure.In vivocalcium imaging showed that Xi activity correlates with food-seeking episodes in cold conditions. Using activity-dependent viral strategies, we found that optogenetic and chemogenetic stimulation of cold-activated Xi neurons recapitulated cold-induced feeding, whereas their inhibition suppressed it. Mechanistically, Xi encodes a context-dependent valence switch promoting food-seeking behaviors in cold but not warm conditions. Furthermore, these behaviors are mediated by a Xi to nucleus accumbens projection. Our results establish Xi as a key region for controlling cold-induced feeding, an important mechanism for maintaining energy homeostasis in endothermic animals.
Associations of cannabis use, tobacco use and incident anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burke Chloe , Freeman Tom P , Sallis Hannah , Wootton Robyn E. , Burnley Annabel , Lange Jonas , Lees Rachel , Sawyer Katherine , Taylor Gemma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImportanceTraditional observational epidemiological studies have consistently found an association between tobacco use, cannabis use and subsequent mental ill-health. However, the extent to which this association reflects an increased risk of new-onset mental ill-health is unclear and may be biased by unmeasured confounding.ObjectiveTo examine the association between cannabis use, tobacco use and risk of incident mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders, and explore risk of bias.Data SourcesCINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses were searched from inception until November 2022, in addition to supplementary searches.Study SelectionLongitudinal studies assessing tobacco use and cannabis use and their association with incident mood, anxiety or psychotic disorders were included. Studies conducted in populations selected on health status (e.g., pregnancy) or other highly-selected characteristics (e.g., incarcerated persons) were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisA modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess study quality. The confounder matrix and E-Values were used to assess potential bias due to unmeasured confounding. Summary risk ratios (RR) were calculated in random-effects meta-analyses using the generic inverse variance method.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s)Exposures were measured via self-report and defined through status (e.g., current use) or heaviness of use (e.g., cigarettes per day). Outcomes were measured through symptom-based scales, interviews, registry codes and self-reported diagnosis or treatment. Effect estimates extracted were risk of incident disorders by exposure status.ResultsSeventy-five out of 27789 records were included. Random effects meta-analysis demonstrated a positive association between tobacco use and mood disorder (RR:1.39, 95%CI:1.30–1.47) and psychotic disorder (RR:3.45, 95%CI:2.63-4.53), but not anxiety disorder (RR:1.21, 95%CI:0.87–1.68). Cannabis use was positively associated with psychotic disorders (RR:3.19, 95%CI:2.07-4.90), but not mood disorders (RR:1.31, 95%CI:0.92-1.86) or anxiety disorders (RR:1.10, 95%CI:0.99-1.22). Confounder matrix and E-value assessment indicated estimates were moderately biased by unmeasured confounding.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis presents evidence for a longitudinal, positive association between both substances and incident psychotic disorders and tobacco use and mood disorders. There was no evidence to support an association between cannabis use and common mental health conditions. Existing evidence across all outcomes was limited by inadequate adjustment for potential confounders. Future research should prioritise methods allowing for stronger causal inference, such as Mendelian randomization and evidence triangulation.
Comparison of 2D and 3D oxygen-enhanced MRI of the placenta
Authors: Hubbard Cristinacce Penny L. , Patel Minal , Oh Alexander , Naish Josephine H. , Johnstone Edward D. , Ingram Emma 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOxygen-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (OE-MRI) of the human placenta is potentially a sensitive marker of in vivo oxygenation. This methodological study shows that full coverage of the placenta is possible using 3D mapping of the change in longitudinal relaxation rate (ΔR1), in a group of healthy pregnant subjects breathing elevated levels of oxygen.Twelve pregnant subjects underwent a comparison of 2D and 3D OE-MRI. ΔR1was mapped for a single 2D slice (ss-2D), a single matched-slice from the 3D volume (ss-3D) and the full 3D volume (vol-3D).The group-average median ΔR1values for ss-3D (0.023 s-1) and vol-3D (0.022 s-1) do not differ significantly from ss-2D (0.020 s-1), when compared using a two-tailed paired t-test (ss-3D (p = 0.58) and vol-3D (p = 0.70)). However, median baseline T1(T1b) for ss-2D was higher (1603 ms) than T1bfor ss-3D (1540 ms, p=0.07) and significantly higher than vol-3D (1515 ms, p = 0.02), when compared using a two-tailed paired t-test. In contrast with previous studies, no correlation of median ΔR1with gestation age at scan for the normal group (N = 10) was observed for ss-2D, likely due to the smaller gestational range.Full volume OE-MRI maps reveal sensitivity to changes in ΔR1, with some participants showing an enhanced gradient in the intermediate space between the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta in the 3D data. This study shows that it is feasible to acquire whole placental volume OE-MRI data on a Philips 1.5 T MRI scanner. Further work is necessary to implement this increased coverage on the scanners of other vendors.
First-in-human prospective trial of sonobiopsy in glioblastoma patients using neuronavigation-guided focused ultrasound
Authors: Yuan Jinyun , Xu Lu , Chien Chih-Yen , Yang Yaoheng , Yue Yimei , Fadera Siaka , Stark Andrew H. , Schwetye Katherine E. , Nazeri Arash , Desai Rupen , Athiraman Umeshkumar , Chaudhuri Aadel A. , Chen Hong , Leuthardt Eric C. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTSonobiopsy is an emerging technology that combines focused ultrasound (FUS) with microbubbles to enrich circulating brain disease-specific biomarkers for noninvasive molecular diagnosis of brain diseases. Here, we report the first-in-human prospective trial of sonobiopsy in glioblastoma patients to evaluate its feasibility and safety in enriching circulating tumor biomarkers. A nimble FUS device integrated with a clinical neuronavigation system was used to perform sonobiopsy following an established clinical workflow for neuronavigation. Analysis of blood samples collected before and after FUS sonication showed enhanced plasma circulating tumor biomarker levels. Histological analysis of surgically resected tumors confirmed the safety of the procedure. Transcriptome analysis of sonicated and unsonicated tumor tissues found that FUS sonication modulated cell physical structure-related genes but evoked minimal inflammatory response. These feasibility and safety data support the continued investigation of sonobiopsy for noninvasive molecular diagnosis of brain diseases.
Model-based optimization of controlled release formulation of levodopa for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Arav Yehuda , Zohar Assaf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLevodopa is the current standard of care for Parkinson’s disease, but chronic therapy has been associated with motor complications. Maintaining sustained and constant blood concentrations may reduce these complications, but designing a controlled release formulation (CRF) that delivers such a profile is challenging. To facilitate the development of such formulation, we developed and validated a physiologically based mathematical model. Analysis of experimental results using the model shows that levodopa is well absorbed along the entire small intestine and that levodopa in the stomach causes fluctuations during the first 3 hours after administration. Based on these insights, we used the model to develop guidelines for an optimal CRF for different stages of PD. Such formulation is expected to produce steady concentrations and prolong therapeutic duration by 50% over a common CRF with a lower dose, thereby increasing the patient’s compliance with the dosage regime.
Quantitative LC-MS study of compounds found predictive of COVID-19 severity and outcome
Authors: Roberts Ivayla , Muelas Marina Wright , Taylor Joseph M. , Davison Andrew S. , Winder Catherine L. , Goodacre Royston , Kell Douglas B. 
Published: March 2023

INTRODUCTIONSince the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in December 2019 multiple metabolomics studies have proposed predictive biomarkers of infection severity and outcome. Whilst some trends have emerged, the findings remain intangible and uninformative when it comes to new patients.OBJECTIVESIn this study, we accurately quantitate a subset of compounds in patient serum that were found predictive of severity and outcome.METHODSA targeted LC-MS method was used in 46 control and 95 acute COVID-19 patient samples to quantitate the selected metabolites. These compounds included tryptophan and its degradation products kynurenine and kynurenic acid (reflective of immune response), butyrylcarnitine and its isomer (reflective of energy metabolism) and finally 3’,4’-didehydro-3’-deoxycytidine, a deoxycytidine analogue, (reflective of host viral defence response). We subsequently examine changes in those markers by disease severity and outcome relative to those of control patients’ levels.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONFinally, we demonstrate the added value of the kynurenic acid / tryptophan ratio for severity and outcome prediction and highlight the viral detection potential of ddhC.
How have mathematical models contributed to understanding the transmission and control of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings? A systematic search and review
Authors: Smith David R M , Chervet Sophie , Pinettes Théo , Shirreff George , Jijón Sofía , Oodally Ajmal , Jean Kévin , Opatowski Lulla , Kernéis Solen , Temime Laura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, mathematical models have been widely used to inform public health recommendations regarding COVID-19 control in healthcare settings.ObjectivesTo systematically review SARS-CoV-2 transmission models in healthcare settings, and summarise their contributions to understanding nosocomial COVID-19.MethodsSystematic search and review.Data sourcesPublished articles indexed in PubMed.Study eligibility criteriaModelling studies describing dynamic inter-individual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings, published by mid-February 2022.Participants and interventionsAny population and intervention described by included models.Assessment of risk of biasNot appropriate for modelling studies.Methods of data synthesisStructured narrative review.ResultsModels have mostly focused on acute care and long-term care facilities in high-income countries. Models have quantified outbreak risk across different types of individuals and facilities, showing great variation across settings and pandemic periods. Regarding surveillance, routine testing – rather than symptom-based testing – was highlighted as essential for COVID-19 prevention due to high rates of silent transmission. Surveillance impacts were found to depend critically on testing frequency, diagnostic sensitivity, and turn-around time. Healthcare re-organization was also found to have large epidemiological impacts: beyond obvious benefits of isolating cases and limiting inter-individual contact, more complex strategies such as staggered staff scheduling and immune-based cohorting reduced infection risk. Finally, vaccination impact, while highly effective for limiting COVID-19 burden, varied substantially depending on assumed mechanistic impacts on infection acquisition, symptom onset and transmission. Studies were inconsistent regarding which individuals to prioritize for interventions, probably due to the high diversity of settings and populations investigated.ConclusionsModelling results form an extensive evidence base that may inform control strategies for future waves of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral respiratory pathogens. We propose new avenues for future models of healthcare-associated outbreaks, with the aim of enhancing their efficiency and contributions to decision-making.
Molecular Neuropathology and Cerebrospinal Fluid Diagnostic Biomarkers of SARS-Cov2 Infection in Central Nervous System– A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Kyaruzi Victor Meza , Mduma Emmanuel , Nyalundja Arsene Daniel , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Kamabu Larrey Kasereka , Atron Bydaa , Nathan Mugenyi , Itodo Daniel Jeremiah Oluwatomi , Elamin Zobidah Yousif , Marwa Boniphace Barnabas , Msemo Rajab , Naeem Ahmed , jean de Dieu Tumusifu Manegabe , Kumar Tarun Suvari , Tazoah Ngepgou Beckline , Chiazo Ugwoke Franklin , David Samuel Oreoluwa , Nsavyimana Yves Jacket , Bureta Constansia Anselim , Rutabasibwa Nicephorus , Mchome Laurent Lemeri , Shimber Emnet Tesfaye , Tirsit Abenezer , Mfinanga Sayoki , Hassen Getaw Worku , Abdellaziz Osama , Mwakigonja Amos 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite the broad spectrum of neurological symptomatic manifestation in COVID19 patients, the brain tissue susceptibility and permissiveness to SARS-Cov2 infection is yet uncertain. This critical appraisal aims at bridging the gap by consolidating the body of evidence for meticulous evaluation of molecular neuropathological pathways and CSF diagnostic signatures of SARS-Cov2 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) that will underpin further strategic approach for neuroprotection and treatment of neurological COVID19Methods and AnalysisWe have developed the protocol of this review according to the provisions of Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual for Evidence Synthesis, 2015 and Arksey and O Malley’s Methodological Framewotk, 2005. The articles for this review will be sourced from several electronic databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane, Crossref Metadata and Semantic scholar. Herein we generated the search strategy using the medical subject headings [ MeSH Terms], term in all field bibliography at all permutations in conjunctions with boolean operatorsEthical Clearance and Dissemination planHerein the review will not involve the human participants henceforth the ethical clearance approval is not applicable. We will disseminate the final findings of this review to scientific conferences at local and international level. The manuscript for final findings will be published on reputable journal of neuroscience.
Estimating the importation risk of mpox virus in 2022 to Hong Kong, China
Authors: Xu Mingda , Shan Songwei , Shao Zengyang , Bai Yuan , Du Zhanwei , Wang Zhen , Gao Chao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternational air travel has been recognized as a crucial factor in the cross-regional transmission of monkeypox (now known as mpox) since this disease rapidly spread across the globe in May 2022. On September 6, 2022, Hong Kong SAR (HK) reported its first imported mpox case with travel history of the United States (US), Canada, and the Philippines. In this study, we estimated the importation risk to HK from 25 international departures from May 1 to September 6, 2022, based on the prevalence of pre-symptomatic mpox cases in the study regions, and time-varying flight mobility evaluated by aggregating multiple open-access air travel datasets (e.g., OpenSky, Aviation Edge). The result indicated that the US had the most significant importation risk of 0.63 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.95) during the study period, followed by the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada with a risk of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.63) and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.32), respectively. Our study demonstrated that the importation risk of mpox from the US and Canada was substantially higher than other regions, which was aligned with the travel history of the first reported case in HK. Our study provided a simplified computational method for estimating the importation risk of mpox virus based on air travel mobility and disease prevalence. Estimating the international importation risk of mpox is essential for appropriately designing and timely adjusting emergency public health strategies and inbound measures.