bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The triple-peaked afterglow of GRB 210731A from X-ray to radio frequencies
Authors: de Wet S. , Laskar T. , Groot P. J. , Cavallaro F. , Nicuesa Guelbenzu A. , Chastain S. , Izzo L. , Levan A. , Malesani D. B. , Monageng I. M. , van der Horst A. J. , Zheng W. , Bloemen S. , Filippenko A. V. , Kann D. A. , Klose S. , Pieterse D. L. A. , Rau A. , Vreeswijk P. M. , Woudt P. , Zhu Z.-P. 
Published: January 2023

Context.GRB 210731A was a long-duration (T90 = 22.5 s) gamma-ray burst discovered by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) aboard theNeil Gehrels SwiftObservatory.Swifttriggered the wide-field, robotic MeerLICHT optical telescope in Sutherland; it began observing the BAT error circle 286 s after theSwifttrigger and discovered the optical afterglow of GRB 210731A in its first 60-sq-band exposure. Multi-colour observations of the afterglow with MeerLICHT revealed a light curve that showed three peaks of similar brightness within the first four hours. The unusual optical evolution prompted multi-wavelength follow-up observations that spanned from X-ray to radio frequencies.Aims.We present the results of our follow-up campaign and interpret our observations in the framework of the synchrotron forward shock model.Methods.We performed temporal and spectral fits to determine the spectral regime and external medium density profile, and performed detailed multi-wavelength theoretical modelling of the afterglow following the last optical peak at ∼0.2 days to determine the intrinsic blast wave parameters.Results.We find a preference for a stellar wind density profile consistent with a massive star origin, while our theoretical modelling results in fairly typical shock microphysics parameters. Based on the energy released inγrays and the kinetic energy in the blast wave, we determine a low radiative efficiency ofη ≈ 0.02. The first peak in the optical light curve is likely the onset of the afterglow. We find that energy injection into the forward shock offers the simplest explanation for the subsequent light curve evolution, and that the blast wave kinetic energy increasing by a factor of ∼1000 from the first peak to the last peak is indicative of substantial energy injection. Our highest-likelihood theoretical model over-predicts the 1.4 GHz flux by a factor of approximately three with respect to our upper limits, possibly implying a population of thermal electrons within the shocked region.
Discovery of periodicities in two highly variable intermediate polars towards the Galactic centre
Authors: Mondal Samaresh , Ponti Gabriele , Haberl Frank , Mori Kaya , Rea Nanda , Morris Mark R. , Campana Sergio , Anastasopoulou Konstantina 
Published: January 2023

Aims. We performed a systematic analysis of X-ray point sources within 1.°5 of the Galactic centre using archival XMM-Newton data. While doing so, we discovered Fe Kα complex emission and pulsation in two highly variable sources, 4XMM J174917.7–283329 and 4XMM J174954.6–294336. In this work we report the findings of the X-ray spectral and timing studies.
Methods. We performed detailed spectral modelling of the sources and searched for pulsation in the light curves using Fourier timing analysis. We also searched for multi-wavelength counterparts for the characterization of the sources.
Results. The X-ray spectrum of 4XMM J174917.7–283329 shows the presence of complex Fe K emission in the 6–7 keV band. The equivalent widths of the 6.4 and 6.7 keV lines are 99−72+84 and 220−140+160 eV, respectively. The continuum is fitted by a partially absorbed apec model with a plasma temperature of kT = 13−2+10 keV. The inferred mass of the white dwarf (WD) is 0.9−0.2+0.3 M⊙. We detected pulsations with a period of 1212 ± 3 s and a pulsed fraction of 26 ± 6%. The light curves of 4XMM J174954.6–294336 display an asymmetric eclipse and dipping behaviour. To date, this is only the second known intermediate polar to show a total eclipse in X-rays. The spectrum of the sources is characterized by a power-law model with photon index Γ = 0.4 ± 0.2. The equivalent widths of the iron fluorescent (6.4 keV) and Fe XXV (6.7 keV) lines are 171−79+99 and 136−81+89 eV, respectively. The continuum is described by emission from optically thin plasma with a temperature of kT ∼ 35 keV. The inferred mass of the WD is 1.1−0.3+0.2 M⊙. We detect coherent pulsations from the source with a period of 1002 ± 2 s. The pulsed fraction is 66 ± 15%.
Conclusions. The spectral modelling indicates the presence of intervening clouds with a high absorbing column density in front of both sources. The detected periodic modulations in the light curves are likely associated with the spin period of WDs in magnetic cataclysmic variables. The measured spin period, hard photon index, and equivalent width of the fluorescent Fe Kα line are consistent with the values found in intermediate polars. 4XMM J174954.6–294336 has already been classified as an intermediate polar, and we suggest that 4XMM J174917.7–283329 is a new intermediate polar. The X-ray eclipses in 4XMM J174954.6–294336 are most likely caused by a low-mass companion star obscuring the central X-ray source. The asymmetry in the eclipse is likely caused by a thick bulge that intercepts the line of sight during the ingress phase but not during the egress phase located behind the WD along the line of sight.
Identifying a Clinical Informatics or Electronic Health Record Expert Witness for Medical Professional Liability Cases
Authors: Sittig Dean F. , Wright Adam 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background The health care field is experiencing widespread electronic health record (EHR) adoption. New medical professional liability (i.e., malpractice) cases will likely involve the review of data extracted from EHRs as well as EHR workflows, audit logs, and even the potential role of the EHR in causing harm.
Objectives Reviewing printed versions of a patient's EHRs can be difficult due to differences in printed versus on-screen presentations, redundancies, and the way printouts are often grouped by document or information type rather than chronologically. Simply recreating an accurate timeline often requires experts with training and experience in designing, developing, using, and reviewing EHRs and audit logs. Additional expertise is required if questions arise about data's meaning, completeness, accuracy, and timeliness or ways that the EHR's user interface or automated clinical decision support tools may have contributed to alleged events. Such experts often come from the sociotechnical field of clinical informatics that studies the design, development, implementation, use, and evaluation of information and communications technology, specifically, EHRs. Identifying well-qualified EHR experts to aid a legal team is challenging.
Methods Based on literature review and experience reviewing cases, we identified seven criteria to help in this assessment.
Results The criteria are education in clinical informatics; clinical informatics knowledge; experience with EHR design, development, implementation, and use; communication skills; academic publications on clinical informatics; clinical informatics certification; and membership in informatics-related professional organizations.
Conclusion While none of these criteria are essential, understanding the breadth and depth of an individual's qualifications in each of these areas can help identify a high-quality, clinical informatics expert witness.
Comparison Between Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin and
TSH-Receptor Antibodies in the Management of Graves’
Orbitopathy
Authors: Khamisi Selwan , Lundqvist Martin , Engström Britt Edén , Larsson Anders , Karlsson F Anders , Ljunggren Östen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAb) targeting the TSH receptor
(TSH-R) induce hyperthyroidism in Graves´ disease (GD). Graves´
orbitopathy (GO) is influenced by stimulation of the TSH-R in the orbita. GO has
been, among other factors, linked to high TRAb levels. Thyroid stimulating
immunoglobulins (TSI) is a relatively new method for assessing TSH-receptor
antibodies. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TSI in the
management of GO.
Methods Patients with newly diagnosed GD (n=30, median age 55
years (range 35–72), 29 women) received pharmacological therapy
(methimazole+++thyroxine) for up to 24 months. GO was
identified by clinical signs and symptoms. Eleven patients had GO at diagnosis,
and another six developed GO during treatment. Blood samples for TSI and other
thyroidal biomarkers were obtained at baseline and on five occasions during the
24-month follow-up. Twenty-two subjects completed the drug regimen without
surgery or radioiodine treatment.
Results At baseline, TSI was highly correlated with TRAb
(r

s
=0.64, p<0.001), and both
assays similarly correlated to fT3 values. TSI and TRAb did not differ
significantly between GO and non-GO patients for visit v1 (n=30, 17 GO
during the whole study) or at follow-up (n=22, 12 GO during the whole
study). During follow-up, levels of TSI and TRAb decreased and normalized in
both groups.
Conclusion The present study does not support any added benefit of TSI
compared to TRAb for the prediction and management of GO.
The Scholarly Impact of Student Authorship in Ophthalmology
Authors: Prasad Minali , Paracha Munizay , Goodman Deniz , Cabral Howard J. , Christiansen Stephen P. , Subramanian Manju L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose The H-index (Hi), an author-level metric of scholarly impact, is predictive of future scientific achievement. We sought to analyze the scholarly impact of student authorship on the Hi of corresponding authors (CAs) within a major academic journal in the specialty of ophthalmology.
Materials and Methods We compared the Hi of all unique CAs for manuscripts published in Ophthalmology (Journal of the American Academy of Ophthalmology) in 2008, 2012, and 2016. Data abstraction was completed twice: in October 2018 and March 2021. We further grouped published articles for CAs into those with student authors (StA) and those without (nStA). Primary analysis involved a linear regression analysis with change in Hi from October 2018 to March 2021 as the outcome variable, CA groups as the predictor variable, adjusting for the covariates of baseline Hi, the year when the CA published his or her article, number of research items published in October 2018, and the academic appointment of the CAs. Secondary analysis involved a linear regression analysis with change in Hi from October 2018 to March 2021 as the outcome variable, total number of student authors per CA as the predictor variable, adjusting for the covariates of baseline Hi, the year CA published his or her article, number of research items published in October 2018, and the academic appointment of the CAs.
Results The number of student authors increased from 168 in 2008 to 192 in 2016. Of the 902 articles, 316 articles were co-authored by one or more student authors. The average change in Hi of CAs publishing with student authors (StA, 11.0 ± 14.7) was significantly greater (p < 0.0001) than the change in Hi of CAs publishing without student authors (nStA, 6.2 ± 6.2). As the total number of student authors increased, the change in Hi of CAs increased linearly for all years combined (regression coefficient = 1.70, p-value < 0.0001).
Conclusion CAs publishing with students in the field of ophthalmology have a higher scholarly impact than those publishing without students. The development of programs to integrate students into ophthalmology research early on may encourage their pursuit of a career in ophthalmology, while advancing the careers of their mentors.
An Implicit Cause of Prolonged Neonatal Jaundice: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Authors: Aygun Erhan , Sayman Ozden Aksu , Erturk Emine Yurdakul , Yılmaz Semerci Seda , Kanburoglu Mehmet Kenan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective Prolonged jaundice is defined as a serum bilirubin level of more than 5 mg/dL, which persists at postnatal 14 days in term infants and 21 days following birth in preterm infants. Although the underlying causes cannot be found in the majority of prolonged jaundice cases, this may be the first sign of a serious issue. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin B12 deficiency and prolonged jaundice in newborns.
Material and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in a university hospital between January 1, 2015 and October 1, 2020. All participants consisted of infants who were admitted to the pediatric outpatient clinics. Infants > 35 weeks of gestation and with prolonged jaundice of unknown etiology were included in the study group. The control group consisted of infants > 35 weeks of gestation without prolonged jaundice. Demographic and clinical characteristics and serum vitamin B12 levels were evaluated comparatively.
Results A total of 126 infants, 66 of whom had prolonged jaundice, were included. The mean gestational week of the study group was 38.4 ± 1.8, and the control group was 38.6 ± 1.9 weeks. There was no difference between the groups in terms of demographics and laboratory data. The vitamin B12 level of the study group was significantly lower (median = 170 pg/mL) than the control (median = 268 pg/mL).
Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, vitamin B12 deficiency was thought to be an important cause of prolonged jaundice, and further studies are needed to explain the role of vitamin B12 deficiency in the etiology of prolonged jaundice.
Improvement in soft magnetic properties of thin bilayer ribbons using magnetoelastic effect
Authors: Yanai Takeshi , Yamaguchi Yuka , Hayashida Yuhi , Yamashita Akihiro , Nakano Masaki , Fukunaga Hirotoshi 
Published: January 2023

We have prepared Fe-Ni-system bilayer ribbons with different magnetostriction (compositions) and investigated the improvement of soft magnetic properties using the magnetoelastic effect. A toroidal core with D = 10 mm was made from the Fe6Ni94/Fe56Ni44 bilayer ribbon, and the B-H loop of the core was measured. The shape of the hysteresis loop dramatically changed depending on the inner layer (inner magnetic phase). This result indicates that the direction of the anisotropy induced by bending stress was changed depending on the inner layer. The slope of the B-H loop and coercivity reduced when the Fe56Ni44 layer was on the inner side. From the experimental results, we found that domain rotation was dominant for the magnetization process. Consequently, the increase in the coercivity over frequency could be suppressed by controlling the magnetization process. From these results, we found that a thin bilayer ribbon with positive and negative magnetostriction constant is an attractive material for reducing iron losses under high frequency.
Do medical alliances truly work? Perspectives on health service utilisation among outpatients with chronic diseases in Shanghai, China
Authors: Sun Wanju , Zhu Haiyan , Zhang Linyi , Wang Zhaoxin , Luo Li , Qi Weigang , Qi Hualin , Hua Yingxue , Gao Xiang , Yuan Ling , Shi Jianwei 
Published: January 2023

Background To achieve proper health utilisation among various health institutions and improve primary care capacity, China implemented medical alliance (MA) reform as part of healthcare reforms in 2009. With chronic disease management as the focus and priority of primary health institutions, this study aimed to analyse the specific distribution and trends of outpatient visits to various levels of health institutions (community health centres (CHCs) vs hospitals) in MAs. Methods All outpatient data were extracted from the Chuansha MA in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, between 2016 and 2020, and submitted to descriptive analysis, Chi-Square tests and correlation analysis. Results This article found that outpatients aged >60 years visited CHCs more than hospitals for some chronic diseases. The adjusted average costs of outpatients presented upward trends both in hospitals and in CHCs. Conclusions The Chuansha MA worked in guiding older outpatients to visit CHCs, but did not control the increasing medical costs. The Shanghai government should further improve medical capability of CHCs to attract all community-dwelling residents at all ages to implement hierarchical diagnosis and treatment systems, as well as make more efforts to control increasing medical costs.
Adjustment, mismatches and accommodation of procedural and conceptual meaning
Authors: Recio Fernández Inés , Loureda Óscar , Cruz Adriana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis contribution aims to set out the effects of discourse marking on processing. On the basis of examples from Spanish, we try to show the principles governing the interplay between the procedural meaning of discourse markers (connectives) and the conceptual meaning of the discourse segments linked by them. To determine these principles, two types of experiments were performed: one comparing marked and unmarked utterances, and a second one comparing utterances that activate mental representations that pragmatically match or clash with the instruction encoded by the connective. Evidence shows that (a) discourse marking by means of a connective generates a new route for accessing information; (b) procedural meaning is a definitory feature of connectives; (c) the procedural meaning of connectives introducesasymmetryandrigidityinto discourse as to conceptual meanings; (d) in mismatches between the assumption activated by the instructions of a connective and mind-stored assumptions, accommodation processes may take place, which are effortful but seek to guarantee the retrieval of cognitive effects from the utterance.
Investigation of the relationship of hearing aid users personality traits and hearing aid satisfaction
Authors: Kaymakçı Sude , Şerbetçioğlu Mustafa Bülent , Erol İrem Cavide 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hearing aid satisfaction is in a relationship with the individual characteristics and personality traits of the user as well as the audiological variables. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of personality traits and individual characteristics on hearing aid satisfaction.

Methods:
The study involved 60 adults (29 females and 31 males) aged 18–65 years. The recruited participants were subjected to the Big Five Inventory (BFI) to determine personality traits and the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Living (SADL) to assess hearing aid satisfaction.

Results:
High levels of extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness were in positive relationship with hearing aid satisfaction, while high levels of neuroticism were negatively correlated with hearing aid satisfaction (p < .05). When gender results were compared, it was seen that female users reported a higher hearing aid satisfaction than men (p < .05).

Conclusion:
It is thought that during planning and carrying out the rehabilitation with hearing aids, considering individual characteristics such as personality, age, expectations, gender and experience, will contribute to hearing aid satisfaction.
Hellmann–Feynman theorem and internal pressure for atoms, molecules and plasmas under pressure
Authors: Mukherjee Neetik , Patra Chandra N , Roy Amlan K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, confinement of atoms, molecules and plasma inside impenetrable sharp (hard) and smooth (soft) cavities has been studied with utmost interest. Physically, such situations introduce the trapping of a quantum system under high pressure. The internal pressure (

P

n
,
ℓ

) of the system under multi-megabar external pressure has not yet been explored. Also, there is a lack of Hellmann–Feynman theorem (HFT) in such a scenario, which is essential to derive a concrete analytical expression of

P

n
,
ℓ

under stressed condition. Here using a scaling concept we provide a general HFT in terms of expectation values of total energy, potential and kinetic energy of a given confined system. A change in boundary condition (from smooth to sharp and vice versa) does not affect this. Applying this proposed HFT, a closed-form expression of

P

n
,
ℓ

and

has been obtained for confined and shell-confined quantum systems. Based on this

P

n
,
ℓ

, several virial-like equations are also modeled. This HFT and

P

n
,
ℓ

are demonstrated for one- and many-electron atoms, plasmas and molecules using both analytical and numerical methods. Their applicability in several other confined systems is discussed from simple arguments.
Single underwater image restoration based on color correction and optimized transmission map estimation
Authors: Ke Ke , Zhang Chunmin , Wang Yanqiang , Zhang Yujiao , Yao Baoli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Underwater images often suffer from color distortion and resolution degradation due to the absorption and scattering of light. To deal with these problems, a novel underwater image restoration framework was designed to remove color deviation and background scattering successively. Firstly, an effective color correction method based on Lab color space is adopted to remove the color cast. Secondly, the color, saturation, and detail information are considered comprehensively to construct the scene depth map and edge map to estimate the transmission, and the relationship between the scattering coefficient and wavelength is used to modify the transmission map of each channel. In addition, a weighted least squares filter with adaptive smoothing parameters is introduced to estimate the local background light, which is applicable to the underwater scene with complex scattering. The experimental results show that the method performs better in color correction and detail enhancement, and the image quality is significantly improved.
3D printed negative stiffness meta-structures with superior energy absorption and super-elastic shape-recovery features
Authors: Hosseinabadi M , Etemadi E , Serjouei A , Bodaghi M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to create novel 3D cubic negative stiffness (NS) structures (NSSs) with superior mechanical performances such as high energy absorption, shape recovery, super-elasticity, and reversibility. The conceptual design is based on an understanding of geometrical influences, non-linear buckling-type instability, snap-through mechanism, elasto-plastic deformation growth and plastic hinges. A finite element (FE) based computational model with an elasto-plastic material behavior is developed to design and analyze NSSs, saving time, material, and energy consumption. Material samples and meta-structures are 3D printed by selective laser sintering printing method. Material properties are determined via mechanical testing revealing that the printing process does not introduce much anisotropy into the fabricated parts. Experimental tests are then conducted to study the behavior of novel designs under loading–unloading cycles verifying the accuracy of the computational model. A good correlation is observed between experimental and numerical data revealing the high accuracy of the FE modeling. The structural model is then implemented to digitally design and test NSSs. Effects of the geometrical parameters of the negative stiffness members under three cyclic loading are investigated, and their implications on the non-linear mechanical behavior of NSSs under cyclic loading are put into evidence, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. In addition, the dissipated energy and loss factor values of the designed structures are studied and the proposed unit cell is presented for the energy absorbing systems. The results show that the structural and geometry of energy absorbers are key parameters to improve the energy absorption capability of the designed structures. This paper is likely to fill a gap in the state-of-the-art NS meta-structures and provide guidelines that would be instrumental in the design of NSS with superior energy absorption, super-elasticity and reversibility features.