bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of male genital system anatomy in the New Zealand rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.)
Authors: Bozbiyik Cevdet , Kirbaş Doğan Gülseren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRabbits are frequently used in research because of their human‐like biological structure. In the present study, 10 male rabbits were preferred. Arterial vascularization of the genital system organs were dissected. Morphometric and macroanatomical results of these organs were taken, and some organs were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, right testis length was measured at 67.24 ± 5.36 mm and left testis length was 62.25 ± 6.55 mm in New Zealand rabbits. Testicular weight was 10.21 ± 1.17 g on the right and 9.90 ± 1.15 g on the left. Right caput epididymidis 0.68 ± 0.08 g, left caput epididymidis 0.80 ± 0.13 g; right corpus epididymidis 0.14 ± 0.03 left corpus epididymidis 0.15 ± 0.03 g; right cauda epididymidis 1.87 ± 0.26 g left cauda epididymidis 1.90 ± 0.31 g. In the present study, right ductus deferens weight was 0.30 ± 0.29 g, and left ductus deferens weight was 0.25 ± 0.03 g; the ampulla ductus deferentis weight was 0.35 ± 0.16 g on the right side and 0.37 ± 0.16 g on the left side. The length of the vesicular gland glandula vesicularis was calculated as 18.54 ± 0.35 mm on the right and 17.55 ± 0.59 mm on the left. The width of the vesicular gland was measured as 16.54 ± 0.28 mm on the right and 16.70 ± 0.45 mm on the left. Vesicular gland weight was 0.91 ± 0.07 g on the right side and 0.96 ± 0.09 g on the left side. The prostate length was recorded as 11.68 ± 2.01 mm and width as 13.02 ± 1.38 mm. The length of the bulbourethral gland was 13.36 ± 2.00 mm on the right side and 12.39 ± 1.21 mm on the left. Its width was recorded as 6.73 ± 0.98 mm on the right and 5.80 ± 0.90 mm on the left. Respectively, it weighed 0.40 ± 0.20 g on the right and 0.44 ± 0.24 g on the left. The prostate consisted of three parts in rabbits: the proprostate, the corpus prostate and the paraprostate. The bulbourethral gland was a green lentil‐sized gland found in pairs. It is thought that the obtained results will contribute to the scientific researches on male genital system in laboratory animals and other animal species, artificial insemination studies, reproductive system diseases and operations in rabbits.
Entrepreneurial activism
Authors: İpek Yasemin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAgainst what they considered the immoral politics of sectarianism, leading activists in Lebanon in the 2010s combined entrepreneurialism and activism to animate systemic change and build an effective nation‐state. In doing so, they created an ethicopolitical subjectivity that I callentrepreneurial activism. Entrepreneurial activists articulated an ethical politics that celebrated patriotic citizens who work autonomously on both individual moralities and political structures. Examining activist biographical accounts that tied entrepreneurialism to imaginations of change and revolution in Lebanon, this ethnography reveals both the possibilities and limitations of the middle‐class politics of entrepreneurial activism. Translocal encounters between the middle class, the aspirational middle class, and the returning diaspora entangled globalized projects of active citizenship and social entrepreneurship with lived experiences of war and leftist legacies in Lebanon. Fostering social mobilization and new ways of doing politics, entrepreneurial activism is a compelling case in which moral and political imaginations co‐constitute each other, and in which entrepreneurialism cannot be reduced to neoliberalism.
Ethnic differences in patients undergoing thyroidectomy for non‐toxic multinodular goitre
Authors: Tamatea Jade A. U. , Karalus Miriam , Boyle Veronica , Meyer‐Rochow Goswin Y. , Elston Marianne S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMāori have an increased incidence of thyrotoxicosis when compvared to non‐Māori, however there are limited data on benign non‐toxic nodular thyroid disease.AimsThe aims of this study were to determine the rates of non‐toxic multinodular goitre (NTMNG) surgery for Māori and non‐Māori and to determine if there were differences in thyroid size between Māori and non‐Māori undergoing total thyroidectomy for NTMNG.MethodsSingle centre study of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for NTMNG from 1 December 2006 to 30 November 2016.ResultsMāori were overrepresented amongst the 427 patients who underwent surgery for NTMNG at 34% compared to the expected ~17% of the background Māori adult population in the region. At the time of surgery, Māori were younger (P = 0.004) and had a larger thyroid gland (P < 0.001) when compared to non‐Maori also undergoing total/near total thyroidectomy. Complication rates were low across all ethnic groups.ConclusionMāori have increased rates of surgery for NTMNG compared to non‐Māori and thyroid size is larger at the time of surgery. The reasons for this are currently unknown and more research is required.
Women, Infants, and Children enrollment and pregnancy‐related behaviors and outcomes among Medicaid recipients in the United States
Authors: Lacci‐Reilly Kandice R. , Brunner Huber Larissa R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundNearly 40% of pregnant women in 2016 were enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Prior studies have investigated nutritional behaviors among WIC participants and access to WIC breastfeeding counseling services. However, there are no (few?) nationally representative, large‐scale analyses of WIC users and pregnancy behaviors. Thus, the present study aims to examine associations between WIC use and select pregnancy outcomes among Medicaid enrollees.MethodsWe examined pregnancy‐related behaviors and outcomes using 2018 U.S. Birth Certificates for Medicaid patients aged 18–45 years (N = 1 159 263). Outcomes included prenatal care (PNC) adequacy, breastfeeding initiation, cigarette use, and gestational weight gain. Standard binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAfter adjustment, WIC users had statistically significant increased odds of adequate PNC (adjusted OR [AOR] = 1.31 [95% CI 1.30, 1.32]), cigarette use (quit smoking during pregnancy 1.09 [1.07, 1.11]; smoked throughout pregnancy 1.16 [1.14, 1.18], and exceeding recommendations of weight gain 1.07 [1.06, 1.08]) compared with non‐WIC users. WIC enrollees also experienced decreased odds of breastfeeding initiation (0.85 [0.85, 0.86]) compared with non‐WIC users.ConclusionsThe study underscores the value of the WIC program in improving access to PNC. Yet, low‐income women remain at risk for smoking during pregnancy and exceeding the recommended amount of weight gain. Breastfeeding initiation is lower than anticipated among WIC participants. Additional studies are needed to investigate WIC program efficacy.
Copy number variations in SPAST and ATL1 are rare among Brazilians
Authors: Fussiger Helena , Pereira Bruna Letícia da Silva , Padilha Janice Pacheco Dias , Donis Karina Carvalho ,   Rare‐Genomes Project Consortium, Siebert Marina , Brusius‐Facchin Ana Carolina , Baldo Guilherme , Saute Jonas Alex Morales 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCopy number variations (CNV) may represent a significant proportion of SPG4 and SPG3A diagnosis, the most frequent autosomal dominant subtypes of hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP). We aimed to assess the frequency of CNVs in SPAST and ATL1 and to update the molecular epidemiology of HSP families in southern Brazil. A cohort study that included 95 Brazilian index cases with clinical suspicion of HSP was conducted between April 2011 and September 2022. Multiplex Ligation Dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) was performed in 41 cases without defined diagnosis by different massive parallel sequencing techniques (MPS). Diagnosis was obtained in 57/95 (60%) index cases, 15/57 (26.3%) being SPG4. Most frequent autosomal recessive HSP subtypes were SPG7 followed by SPG11, SPG76 and cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. No CNVs in SPAST and ATL1 were found. Copy number variations are rare among SPG4 and SPG3A families in Brazil. Considering the possibility of CNVs detection by specific algorithms with MPS data, we consider that this is likely the most cost‐effective approach to investigate CNVs in these genes in low‐risk populations, with MLPA being reserved as an orthogonal confirmatory test.
Retinopathy prevalence, incidence and trajectories in type 2 diabetes: The Fremantle diabetes study phase II
Authors: Drinkwater Jocelyn J. , Davis Timothy M. E. , Turner Angus W. , Davis Wendy A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsTo determine diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence, incidence, and whether distinct trajectories are associated with DR‐complicating Type 2 diabetes.MethodsRetinal photographs from Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2) participants with Type 2 diabetes recruited in 2008–2011 and who attended biennial assessments for up to 6 years were graded as no DR, mild non‐proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR or severe NPDR/proliferative DR. Baseline DR prevalence, and the cumulative incidence of moderate NPDR or worse in those without DR at baseline, were calculated. Group‐based DR trajectory modelling was performed. Logistic regression determined independent associates of incident moderate NPDR or worse and trajectory group membership.ResultsOf 1521 participants (mean age 65.6 years, 52.1% males, median diabetes duration 9.0 years; 98% of all FDS2 participants with Type 2 diabetes) with gradable baseline photographs, 563 (37.0%) had DR. During a median 6.1 years of follow‐up, 23 (3.2%) without baseline DR developed at least moderate NPDR (crude incidence 6.1/1000 person‐years) with HbA1c the sole independent predictor (odds ratio [95% CI]: 1.62 [1.30–2.02] per 1% [11 mmol/mol] increase). Trajectory analysis showed two distinct groups, those with baseline/persistent DR (20%) and those remaining DR free (80%). Longer diabetes duration, insulin use, higher mean HbA1c, higher mean systolic blood pressure and higher mean urinary albumin: creatinine ratio all increased the odds (p ≤ 0.014) of being in the persistent DR trajectory group.ConclusionsThe low incidence of at least moderate NPDR reflects the trajectory analysis. The currently recommended biennial retinal screening frequency for individuals without DR could potentially be extended.
Thyroid hormone Beta receptor agonists for treatment of kidney disease: A promising agent?
Authors: Copur Sidar , Yavuz Furkan , Kanbay Mehmet 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease is a common disorder affecting a significant portion of the adult population with high mortality and morbidity. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are prevalent in chronic kidney disease, and they may trigger fat accumulation in renal parenchyma and eventually fatty kidney. Chronic kidney disease and fatty kidney are also strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Because they both lead to detrimental effects on organ function, they both need to be treated effectively to improve the outcome.AimIn this narrative review, we have hypothesized that thyroid hormone beta receptor agonists, a novel drug group, may potentially be beneficial in the management of chronic kidney disease due to its promising outcomes among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, a condition sharing multiple common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.Results and ConclusionThyroid hormone beta receptors are abundantly expressed in liver and kidney tissues, while both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease share various similar pathophysiological mechanisms and triggers. Therefore, thyroid hormone beta receptor agonists may become a promising tool in the management of patients with chronic kidney disease.
Comparison of four tonometers in the measurement of intraocular pressure in healthy horses
Authors: Angeluci Gismelli C. , Ricci Cláudia L. , Passareli João V. G. C. , Estanho Giovana J. G. , Oliveira Adriana S. , Santos Stephany G. A. , Giuffrida Rogério , Rodrigues Mirian , Andrade Silvia F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMeasurement of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is a useful diagnostic tool in equine ophthalmology. Handheld tonometers, such as Tonovet and Tonovet Plus (rebound), Tono‐Pen AVIA Vet (applanation), and Kowa HA‐2 (applanation using the Goldmann methodology) are used to obtain IOP measurements in veterinary medicine.ObjectivesTo compare and evaluate the accuracy of four handheld tonometers in measuring IOP using different methodologies in healthy horses.Study designIn vivo experiment and cross‐sectional survey of healthy horses.MethodsIntraocular pressure was measured in 72 eyes of 36 horses. An in vivo study was conducted on sedated horses to compare the real IOP values obtained using manometry versus those obtained using tonometry, and a field study was conducted on unsedated healthy horses with normal eyes to measure the IOP values using different tonometers.ResultsIn the in vivo study, the mean IOP values using ocular manometry was 24.9 ± 4.0 mmHg (range, 20.0–30.0 mmHg). The mean IOP values using tonometry were: Tonovet, 25.7 ± 5.8 mmHg (range 19.5–33.0 mmHg); Tonovet Plus, 24.8 ± 7.1 mmHg (range 13.2–33.2 mmHg); Tono Pen AVIA Vet, 19.2 ± 4.7 mmHg (range 13.1–26.5 mmHg); and Kowa Ha‐2, 24.1 ± 1.2 mmHg (range 22.8–25.8 mmHg). In the field study, the IOP values were: Tonovet, 30.7 ± 5.6 mmHg (range 21.7–38.0 mmHg); Tonovet Plus, 29.6 ± 6.7 mmHg (range 16.2–38.6 mmHg); Tono‐Pen AVIA Vet, 27.3 ± 5.8 mmHg (range 14.6–37.1 mmHg); and Kowa HA‐2, 23.4 ± 2.2 mmHg (range 20.2–28.7 mmHg).Main limitationsThis study included only healthy horses and a limited number of animals in the in vivo study.ConclusionsThere was a strong correlation between the IOP values and manometry for all tonometers. IOP should be estimated using the same tonometer over time, and the bias of the tonometer used, such as overestimation (rebound tonometer) and underestimation (applanation tonometer), should be acknowledged. A normal reference value for each tonometer should be established in horses.
Nickel and zinc micronutrient availability in Phanerozoic oceans
Authors: Sweere Tim C. , Dickson Alexander J. , Vance Derek 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNickel and zinc are both bio‐essential micronutrients with a nutrient‐like distribution in the modern ocean, but show key differences in their biological functions and geochemical behavior. Eukaryotic phytoplankton, and especially diatoms, have high Zn quotas, whereas cyanobacteria generally require relatively more Ni. Secular changes in the relative availability of these micronutrients may, therefore, have affected the evolution and diversification of phytoplankton. In this study, we use a large compilation of Ni and Zn concentration data for Phanerozoic sediments to evaluate long‐term changes in Ni and Zn availability and possible links to phytoplankton evolution. Modern data suggest that organic‐rich sediments capture the dissolved deep ocean Ni/Zn ratio, regardless of local depositional conditions. We use this observation to constrain Ni/Zn ratios for past oceans, based on data from the sedimentary record. This record highlights long‐term changes in the relative availability of these micronutrients that can be linked to the (bio)geochemical conditions on the Earth's surface. Early Palaeozoic oceans were likely relatively Ni rich, with sedimentary Ni/Zn ratios for this interval mostly being around ~1 or higher. A comparison with Phanerozoic strontium‐, carbon‐, and sulfur‐isotopic records suggests that the late Palaeozoic decrease in sulfidic conditions and increase in hydrothermal inputs and organic‐carbon burial rates caused a shift towards more Zn‐rich conditions. Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments show relatively Zn‐rich oceans for these time intervals, with sedimentary Ni/Zn ratios mostly being around ~1 or lower. These observations imply that the diversification of the dominant groups of modern eukaryotic phytoplankton occurred in relatively Zn‐rich oceans and that these organisms still carry this signature in their stoichiometries. However, the Phanerozoic transition to a more Zn‐rich ocean pre‐dates the origin and diversification of modern eukaryotes and, therefore, this transition was likely not the main direct cause for eukaryotic diversification in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras.
Colour characterisation of two‐year‐old Pinot noir wines by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and tristimulus colourimetry (CIELab): Effect of whole bunch or grape stems addition
Authors: Wimalasiri Pradeep M. , Harrison Roland , Olejar Kenneth J. , Hider Richard , Tian Bin 
Published: December 2022

SummaryPinot noir wines were made with inclusion of different amount of whole bunches or grape stems: destemmed grapes only (DS), 30% whole bunch (WB30), 60% whole bunch (WB60), 100% whole bunch (WB100), and destemmed grapes with 100% stems added back (DS100). Wines were analysed using modified Somers assay and CIELab method at the end of fermentation and after a 2 years bottle ageing. CIELab analysis showed that DS100 was significantly different from all other treatments at both sampling points, and whole bunch addition treatments (except of WB30) only showed significant colour difference compared to DS treatment after bottle ageing. Total anthocyanins were significantly reduced in stem inclusion treatments at the end of alcoholic fermentation, but after the 2 years bottle ageing, only DS100 treatment showed significantly lower anthocyanins than DS treatment. Stem inclusion treatments significantly increased tannin concentration. Total anthocyanins and tannins in wines reduced by 69%–71% and 24%–31% respectively after bottle ageing.
Ameliorating the prediction ability of laccase time temperature indicator for dynamic monitoring quality of fresh‐cut papaya
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Xuan , Lin Shih‐Bin , Chen Shih‐Hsin , Hsu Hao‐Hsin , Chang Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Hui‐Huang 
Published: December 2022

SummaryLaccase was immobilised on electrospun chitosan fibres to prepare a laccase time–temperature indicator (LTTI) to predict the quality deterioration of fresh‐cut papaya. Using sodium azide (NaN3) as an enzyme inhibitor could retard the laccase‐catalysed coloration and to expand activation energy (Ea) range, in which the LTTI was calibrated to correlate with fresh‐cut papaya deterioration. The fresh‐cut papaya reaching total plate count (TPC) of 105 CFU g−1 demonstrated unacceptable quality and the time it took was close to the coloration endpoint of formulated LTTI at different storage temperatures. The Ea of the LTTI, formulated with 20 μg cm−2 of laccase and 0.1 mm NaN3, was 55.69 kJ mol−1, which only differed by approximately 15 kJ mol−1 from the Ea of the TPC of fresh‐cut papaya. In the 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C isothermal response tests, the prediction errors were 1.15%, 2.78%, 2.78%, and 0.83%, respectively. In temperature fluctuation response experiments, the coloration endpoint of the LTTI was correlated with the quality deterioration of fresh‐cut papaya. These results revealed that the formulated LTTI had high reliability in evaluating the shelf life of fresh‐cut papaya.
Evaluation of the effect of partial hydrolysis ethyl cellulose on physicochemical properties of soybean oil oleogel
Authors: Mashhadi Hesam , Tabibiazar Mahnaz , Nourabi Atefeh , Roufegarinejad Leila 
Published: December 2022

SummaryThe effects of the solvent composition of ethanol and acetic acid (50/50 and 70/30 v/v), time (30 and 60 min) and temperature (65 and 95°C) of hydrolysis were conducted on the structural and physicochemical properties of ethyl cellulose (EC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and capillary viscometer results revealed that EC hydrolysis significantly decreased glass transition temperature (Tg) and intrinsic viscosity. FTIR spectra of hydrolysed EC (H‐EC) revealed a breakdown of many glycosidic bonds. The oleogels were prepared by H‐EC at the concentration of 6 wt%. Results showed that hydrolysis conditions significantly affected oleogel formation and strength. An optimal oleogel structure was achieved with H‐EC at 65°C, 50/50 solvent ratio (H‐EC65/50). The rheological analysis of H‐EC65/50 oleogel showed higher strength and a lower melting temperature range than EC oleogel. Microscopic observations confirmed that the H‐EC65/50 forms a new structure with many small cavities, probably the main reason for the firmer gel. The prepared formulation could have potential to prepare reduced fat formulations with the suitable melting point and texture.
Statistical word segmentation: Anchoring learning across contexts
Authors: Antovich Dylan M. , Graf Estes Katharine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present experiments were designed to assess infants' abilities to use syllable co‐occurrence regularities to segment fluent speech across contexts. Specifically, we investigated whether 9‐month‐old infants could use statistical regularities in one speech context to support speech segmentation in a second context. Contexts were defined by different word sets representing contextual differences that might occur across conversations or utterances. This mimics the integration of information across multiple interactions within a single language, which is critical for language acquisition. In particular, we performed two experiments to assess whether a statistically segmented word could be used to anchor segmentation in a second, more challenging context, namely speech with variable word lengths. The results of Experiment 1 were consistent with past work suggesting that statistical learning may be hindered by speech with word‐length variability, which is inherent to infants' natural speech environments. In Experiment 2, we found that infants could use a previously statistically segmented word to support word segmentation in a novel, challenging context. We also present findings suggesting that this ability was associated with infants' early word knowledge but not their performance on a cognitive development assessment.
COVID‐19 plasma proteome reveals novel temporal and cell‐specific signatures for disease severity and high‐precision disease management
Authors: Iosef Cristiana , Martin Claudio M. , Slessarev Marat , Gillio‐Meina Carolina , Cepinskas Gediminas , Han Victor K. M. , Fraser Douglas D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a systemic inflammatory condition with high mortality that may benefit from personalized medicine and high‐precision approaches. COVID‐19 patient plasma was analysed with targeted proteomics of 1161 proteins. Patients were monitored from Days 1 to 10 of their intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Age‐ and gender‐matched COVID‐19‐negative sepsis ICU patients and healthy subjects were examined as controls. Proteomic data were resolved using both cell‐specific annotation and deep‐analysis for functional enrichment. COVID‐19 caused extensive remodelling of the plasma microenvironment associated with a relative immunosuppressive milieu between ICU Days 3–7, and characterized by extensive organ damage. COVID‐19 resulted in (1) reduced antigen presentation and B/T‐cell function, (2) increased repurposed neutrophils and M1‐type macrophages, (3) relatively immature or disrupted endothelia and fibroblasts with a defined secretome, and (4) reactive myeloid lines. Extracellular matrix changes identified in COVID‐19 plasma could represent impaired immune cell homing and programmed cell death. The major functional modules disrupted in COVID‐19 were exaggerated in patients with fatal outcome. Taken together, these findings provide systems‐level insight into the mechanisms of COVID‐19 inflammation and identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Therapeutic strategies could be tailored to the immune response of severely ill patients.