bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of patient and public involvement on COVID-19 immunology research: experiences from the UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium
Authors: Aquino Erika Neves , Moss Paul , Hafeez Mo , Jasper Robert , Kelly Tony , Laidlaw Lynn , Wilkes Vivienne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in clinical trial research is recognised as relevant but the active involvement of patients and the public in basic science or laboratory-based research is seen as more challenging and not often reported. PPI within the UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium (UK-CIC), a translational research project aimed at tackling some of the key questions about the immune system’s response to SARS-CoV-2, is an example of overcoming negative perceptions and obstacles. Given the widespread impact of COVID-19, it was important to consider the impact of UK-CIC research on patients and the public throughout, and the PPI panel were an integral part of the consortium.

Findings
Building in funding for a PPI panel to value involvement and ensuring effective expert administrative support and management of PPI were crucial to success. Facilitating relationships and quality interactions between public contributors and researchers required time and commitment to the project from all parties. Through creating a platform and open space to explore diverse views and a wide range of perspectives, PPI was able to influence researchers’ ways of thinking about their research and impact future research questions about COVID-19 immunology. Moreover, there was long-term impact from the involvement of the PPI panel in COVID-19 research and their value was reflected in invitations to contribute to additional immunology projects.

Conclusion
The ability to conduct meaningful PPI with basic immunology research has been shown possible through the UK-CIC in the context of the fast-moving COVID-19 pandemic. The UK-CIC project has laid the foundations for PPI in immunology and this should now be built upon for the advantage of future basic scientific research; PPI can impact greatly on laboratory-based research when given the opportunity to do so.
A change of direction for family policy in Italy: some reflections on the general family allowance (GFA)
Authors: Dalla-Zuanna Gianpiero , McDonald Peter F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present and discuss the General Family Allowance (GFA), in Italian: Assegno Unico Universale, a measure that the Italian Government and Parliament have put in place from March 2022 addressing the persistent low fertility in Italy. The GFA modernizes monetary transfers in favor of families with children in Italy, covering large groups of families that were previously excluded from full benefits. Even if the aim of the GFA is to support fertility rather than to alleviate child poverty, it is likely that this measure will help to reduce poverty, especially for families with children previously excluded from significant cash contributions, such as recently resident foreigners and the unemployed. In addition, as GFA amounts are modest for wealthier couples, its potential effect on fertility—if there will be any—should be limited to couples with modest incomes. The GFA is also compared with the different systems of monetary transfers in favor of families with children of developed countries.
Gut microbiota mediated the effects of high relative humidity on lupus in female MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Wang Chaochao , Lin Yongqiang , Chen Leiming , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The relationship between humidity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has yielded inconsistent results in prior research, while the effects of humidity on lupus in animal experiments and its underlying mechanism remain inadequately explored.

Methods
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of high humidity (80 ± 5%) on lupus using female and male MRL/lpr mice, with a particular focus on elucidating the role of gut microbiota in this process. To this end, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to transfer the gut microbiota of MRL/lpr mice under high humidity to blank MRL/lpr mice under normal humidity (50 ± 5%), allowing for an assessment of the effect of FMT on lupus.

Results
The study revealed that high humidity exacerbated lupus indices (serum anti-dsDNA, ANA, IL-6, and IFN- g, and renal pathology) in female MRL/lpr mice but had no significant effect on male MRL/lpr mice. The aggravation of lupus caused by high humidity may be attributed to the increased abundances of the Rikenella, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Escherichia-Shigella genera in female MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, FMT also exacerbated lupus in female MRL/lpr mice but not in male MRL/lpr mice.

Conclusion
In summary, this study has demonstrated that high humidity exacerbated lupus by modulating gut microbiota in female MRL/lpr mice. The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors and gut microbiota in the development and progression of lupus, particularly among female patients.
Crinecerfont, a CRF1 Receptor Antagonist, Lowers Adrenal Androgens in Adolescents With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Newfield Ron S , Sarafoglou Kyriakie , Fechner Patricia Y , Nokoff Natalie J , Auchus Richard J , Vogiatzi Maria G , Jeha George S , Giri Nagdeep , Roberts Eiry , Sturgeon Julia , Chan Jean L , Farber Robert H 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Crinecerfont, a corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce elevated adrenal androgens and precursors in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD), a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by cortisol deficiency and androgen excess due to elevated adrenocorticotropin.

Objective
To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of crinecerfont in adolescents with 21OHD CAH.

Methods
This was an open-label, phase 2 study (NCT04045145) at 4 centers in the United States. Participants were males and females, 14 to 17 years of age, with classic 21OHD CAH. Crinecerfont was administered orally (50 mg twice daily) for 14 consecutive days with morning and evening meals. The main outcomes were change from baseline to day 14 in circulating concentrations of ACTH, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), androstenedione, and testosterone.

Results
8 participants (3 males, 5 females) were enrolled; median age was 15 years and 88% were Caucasian/White. After 14 days of crinecerfont, median percent reductions from baseline to day 14 were as follows: ACTH, −57%; 17OHP, −69%; and androstenedione, −58%. In female participants, 60% (3/5) had ≥50% reduction from baseline in testosterone.

Conclusion
Adolescents with classic 21OHD CAH had substantial reductions in adrenal androgens and androgen precursors after 14 days of oral crinecerfont administration. These results are consistent with a study of crinecerfont in adults with classic 21OHD CAH.
Genetics and Natural History of Non-pancreatectomized Patients With Congenital Hyperinsulinism Due to Variants in ABCC8
Authors: Clemente María , Cobo Patricia , Antolín María , Campos Ariadna , Yeste Diego , Tomasini Rosangela , Caimari María , Masas Miriam , García-Arumí Elena , Fernández-Cancio Mónica , Baz-Redón Noelia , Camats-Tarruella Núria 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Patients with congenital hyperinsulinism due to ABCC8 variants generally present severe hypoglycemia and those who do not respond to medical treatment typically undergo pancreatectomy. Few data exist on the natural history of non-pancreatectomized patients.

Objective
This work aims to describe the genetic characteristics and natural history in a cohort of non-pancreatectomized patients with congenital hyperinsulinism due to variants in the ABCC8 gene.

Methods
Ambispective study of patients with congenital hyperinsulinism with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in ABCC8 treated in the last 48 years and who were not pancreatectomized. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been periodically performed in all patients since 2003. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed if hyperglycemia was detected in the CGM.

Results
Eighteen non-pancreatectomized patients with ABCC8 variants were included. Seven (38.9%) patients were heterozygous, 8 (44.4%) compound heterozygous, 2 (11.1%) homozygous, and 1 patient carried 2 variants with incomplete familial segregation studies. Seventeen patients were followed up and 12 (70.6%) of them evolved to spontaneous resolution (median age 6.0 ± 4 years; range, 1-14). Five of these 12 patients (41.7%) subsequently progressed to diabetes with insufficient insulin secretion. Evolution to diabetes was more frequent in patients with biallelic variants in the ABCC8 gene.

Conclusion
The high remission rate observed in our cohort makes conservative medical treatment a reliable strategy for the management of patients with congenital hyperinsulinism due to ABCC8 variants. In addition, a periodic follow-up of glucose metabolism after remission is recommended, as a significant proportion of patients evolved to impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes (biphasic phenotype).
Altered Thyroid Feedback Loop in Klinefelter Syndrome: From Infancy Through the Transition to Adulthood
Authors: Carlomagno Francesco , Minnetti Marianna , Angelini Francesco , Pofi Riccardo , Sbardella Emilia , Spaziani Matteo , Aureli Alessia , Anzuini Antonella , Paparella Roberto , Tarani Luigi , Porcelli Tommaso , De Stefano Maria Angela , Pozza Carlotta , Gianfrilli Daniele , Isidori Andrea M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
It has been claimed that thyroid dysfunction contributes to the spectrum of Klinefelter syndrome (KS); however, studies are scarce.

Objective
In a retrospective longitudinal study, we aimed at describing the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and thyroid ultrasonographic (US) appearance in patients with KS throughout the life span.

Methods
A total of 254 patients with KS (25.9 ± 16.1 years) were classified according to their pubertal and gonadal status and compared with different groups of non-KS age-matched individuals with normal thyroid function, treated and untreated hypogonadism, or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. We assessed serum thyroid hormone levels, antithyroid antibodies, US thyroid parameters, and in vitro pituitary type 2 deiodinase (D2) expression and activity.

Results
Thyroid autoimmunity was more prevalent among individuals with KS at all ages, although the antibody (Ab)-negative vs Ab-positive cohorts were not different. Signs of thyroid dysfunction (reduced volume, lower echogenicity, and increased inhomogeneity) were more prominent in KS than in euthyroid controls. Free thyroid hormones were lower in prepubertal, pubertal, and adult patients with KS, whereas thyrotropin values were lower only in adults. Peripheral sensitivity to thyroid hormones was unaltered in KS, suggesting a dysfunctional HPT axis. Testosterone (T) was the only factor associated with thyroid function and appearance. In vitro testing demonstrated an inhibitory effect of T on pituitary D2 expression and activity, supporting enhanced central sensing of circulating thyroid hormones in hypogonadism.

Conclusion
From infancy through adulthood, KS is characterized by increased morphofunctional abnormalities of the thyroid gland, combined with a central feedback dysregulation sustained by the effect of hypogonadism on D2 deiodinase.
Epidemiology and Causes of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Children: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Borchers Joonatan , Pukkala Eero , Mäkitie Outi , Laakso Saila 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Incidence and causes of primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) have not been comprehensively studied in children.

Objective
Our objective was to describe the epidemiology and to assess causes of PAI in Finnish children.

Methods
A population-based descriptive study of PAI in Finnish patients aged 0-20 years.
Diagnoses referring to adrenal insufficiency in children born in 1996-2016 were collected from the Finnish National Care Register for Health Care. Patients with PAI were identified by studying patient records. Incidence rates were calculated in relation to person-years in the Finnish population of same age.

Results
Of the 97 patients with PAI, 36% were female. The incidence of PAI was highest during the first year of life (in females 2.7 and in males 4.0/100 000 person-years). At 1-15 years of age, the incidence of PAI in females was 0.3/100 000 and in males 0.6/100 000 person-years. Cumulative incidence was 10/100 000 persons at age of 15 years and 13/100 000 at 20 years. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia was the cause in 57% of all patients and in 88% of patients diagnosed before age of 1 year. Other causes among the 97 patients included autoimmune disease (29%), adrenoleukodystrophy (6%), and other genetic causes (6%). From the age of 5 years, most of the new cases of PAI were due to autoimmune disease.

Conclusion
After the first-year peak, the incidence of PAI is relatively constant through ages 1-15 years, and 1 out of 10 000 children are diagnosed with PAI before the age of 15 years.
The “Unlikely Writers” from Picun: Reinventing Literature and Politics at the Migrant Workers Home
Authors: Ting Chun Chun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn response to Sun Wanning's (2014) critique that individual desire for recognition has limited the political potential of migrant worker literature, this article looks to the Picun Literature Group at the Migrant Workers Home to examine the dynamic between the collective, activist setting and the individual authors’ struggle with literary and political practice. Combining the literary technique of close reading with anthropological fieldwork, the article describes how the Group encourages and influences its members’ literary production. The works of Xiao Hai, Fan Yusu, Li Ruo, and Wan Huashan are examined to determine whether they view literature as elite or subaltern, individual or collective, art or activism. This article identifies in their writing concrete examples of a change in consciousness and the formation of identity. It argues that literary writing gives the working-class writing subject and fellow workers a sense of dignity and collective identity. Both the Picun writers and the migrant worker writers in general can be considered “unlikely writers.” The term captures their marginality in the cultural field, as well as the struggle to negotiate their subalternity and the elitist formulation of literary value. Thus, the “unlikely writer” embodies the promise of migrant worker literature in the attempt to redefine the meanings of “politics” and “literature” and bring the two together.
Epistemic Labor: Narratives of Hyper-Uncertainty and Future-Making on China's Urban Fringe
Authors: Zhan Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article conceptualizes storytelling as epistemic labor that is critical to the everyday meaning-making and future-making of Chinese rural migrants. Compared to stories told by scholars and migrants turned writers and artists, those told by migrants in a quotidian setting are largely overlooked because of their lack of representational value. However, narratives of success, fortune, and the future that circulate on China's urban fringe are essential in three ways: (1) stories, rather than numbers and calculations, help rural migrants make sense of their economic reality; (2) storytelling allows rural migrants to cope with unexpected events; and (3) stories are often imbued with moral sentiment through which moral boundaries and group identities are established. Overall, epistemic labor makes the present sensible, reality tolerable, and the future imaginable under conditions of hyper-uncertainty in which spatial instability negates routinized time and linear accumulation is denied by dramatic market fluctuations and unpredictable displacement. Epistemic labor proves that migrant agency not only resides in eventful resistance but also in constant negotiations.
Stuxnet fine-tunes Notch dose during development using a functional Polycomb response element
Authors: He Tao , Fan Yu , Du Juan , Yi Mengyuan , Li Yajuan , Liu Min , Zhu Alan Jian 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Evolutionarily conserved Notch signaling is highly sensitive to changes in Notch receptor dose caused by intrinsic and environmental fluctuations. It is well known that epigenetic regulation responds dynamically to genetic, cellular and environmental stresses. However, it is unclear whether the Notch receptor dose is directly regulated at the epigenetic level. Here, by studying the role of the upstream epigenetic regulator Stuxnet (Stx) in Drosophila developmental signaling, we find that Stx promotes Notch receptor mRNA expression by counteracting the activity of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). In addition, we provide evidence that Notch is a direct PRC1 target by identifying and validating in vivo the only bona fide Polycomb response element (PRE) among the seven Polycomb group (PcG)-binding sites revealed by DamID-seq and ChIP-seq analysis. Importantly, in situ deletion of this PRE results in increased Notch expression and phenotypes resembling Notch hyperactivation in cell fate specification. These results not only underscore the importance of epigenetic regulation in fine-tuning the Notch activity dose, but also the need to assess the physiological significance of omics-based PcG binding in development.
Ciliated sensory neurons can regenerate axons after complete axon removal
Authors: Stone Michelle C. , Mauger Abigail S. , Rolls Melissa M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Axon regeneration helps maintain lifelong function of neurons in many animals. Depending on the site of injury, new axons can grow either from the axon stump (after distal injury) or from the tip of a dendrite (after proximal injury). However, some neuron types do not have dendrites to be converted to a regenerating axon after proximal injury. For example, many sensory neurons receive information from a specialized sensory cilium rather than a branched dendrite arbor. We hypothesized that the lack of traditional dendrites would limit the ability of ciliated sensory neurons to respond to proximal axon injury. We tested this hypothesis by performing laser microsurgery on ciliated lch1 neurons in Drosophila larvae and tracking cells over time. These cells survived proximal axon injury as well as distal axon injury, and, like many other neurons, initiated growth from the axon stump after distal injury. After proximal injury, neurites regrew in a surprisingly flexible manner. Most cells initiated outgrowth directly from the cell body, but neurite growth could also emerge from the short axon stump or base of the cilium. New neurites were often branched. Although outgrowth after proximal axotomy was variable, it depended on the core DLK axon injury signaling pathway. Moreover, each cell had at least one new neurite specified as an axon based on microtubule polarity and accumulation of the endoplasmic reticulum. We conclude that ciliated sensory neurons are not intrinsically limited in their ability to grow a new axon after proximal axon removal.
Neonatal resuscitation: A cross-sectional study measuring the readiness of healthcare personnel
Authors: Utomo Martono Tri , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Widyatama Rufina Adelia , Visuddho Visuddho , Angelo Albright Ivan , Etika Risa , Angelika Dina , Handayani Kartika Darma , Irzaldy Abyan 
Published: May 2023

Background: Optimal neonatal resuscitation requires knowledge and experience on the part of healthcare personnel. This study aims to assess the readiness of hospital healthcare personnel to perform neonatal resuscitation. Methods: This was an observational study conducted in May 2021 by distributing questionnaires to nurses, midwives, doctors, and residents to determine the level of knowledge and experience of performing neonatal resuscitation. Questionnaires were adapted from prior validated questionnaires by Jukkala AM and Henly SJ. We conducted the research in four types of hospitals A, B, C, and D, which are defined by the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Type A hospitals have the most complete medical services, while type D hospitals have the least medical services. The comparative analysis between participants’ characteristics and the knowledge or experience score was conducted. Results: A total of 123 and 70 participants were included in the knowledge and experience questionnaire analysis, respectively. There was a significant difference (p = 0.013) in knowledge of healthcare personnel between the type A hospital (median 15.00; Interquartile Range [IQR] 15.00–16.00) and type C hospital (median 14.50; IQR 12.25–15.75). In terms of experience, the healthcare personnel of type A (median 85.00; IQR 70.00-101.00) and type B (median 92.00; IQR 81.00-98.00) hospitals had significantly (p =0,026) higher experience scores than the type D (median 42.00; IQR 29.00-75.00) hospital, but we did not find a significant difference between other type of hospitals. Conclusions: In this study, we found that the healthcare personnel from type A and type B hospitals are more experienced than those from type D hospitals in performing neonatal resuscitation. We suggest that a type D hospital should refer the neonate to a type A or type B hospital if there is sufficient time in cases of risk at need for resuscitation.
HISTORICAL FACTUALIZATION OF THE THEORY OF OPPOSITION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE CREATION ‒ DESTRUCTION DICHOTOMY)
Authors: Zdanovskaya Lidia B. , Isaeva Lidia A. 
Published: May 2023

Background. The growing trend of introducing numerous information resources into the socio-cultural space of modern society has contributed to the increased popularity of scientific works devoted to the range of aspects of political discourse analysis and the conceptual opposition associated with it which forms the basis of the “Creation ‒ Destruction” dichotomy under study.
Purpose. The article is devoted to the study of linguo-pragmatic reasons for specific forms of opposition in political discourse.
Materials and methods. The material for this article were the works of famous Russian and European researches, representatives of the leading scientific schools of linguocognitology devoted to the theoretical issues of conceptual opposition, as well as the book of the American investigative journalist B. Woodward Fear: Trump in the White House. When writing the article, the following methods were used: comparative, discursive, contextual analysis.
Results. In the course of the study, the conditions for the emergence of opposition processes are analyzed. Various approaches to the linguocognitive description of opposition have been systematized. On the example of the dichotomy “Creation ‒ Destruction”, a characteristic description of the action as a key factor in the implementation of opposition in political discourse is presented.
Practical implications. The actual results of the study can find implementation in the preparation of educational and methodological material on the linquocognitive analysis of concepts as part of dichotomous models.