bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of crack opening in steel beam based on strains measured from distributed optical fiber sensor
Authors: Ying Yu , Morgese Maurizio , Ansari Farhad , Gao Zhijun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Optical fiber sensors based on the Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) have good accuracy of crack opening displacement (COD) measurements. In this paper, we propose a method for COD quantification based on the area under the Brillouin frequency peaks induced by a crack. The study adopted a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) to simulate the strain distribution within a segment of an optical fiber. The simulation results revealed that an increase in COD was associated with an increase in the Brillouin frequency peak area. The peak strain increased by 93 μϵ when the COD increased from 30 μm to 110 μm. The numerical findings were proved experimentally by employing a BOTDA interrogator for distributed sensing of strains. Two cracks in a 15-m-long steel beam were detected with the smallest error of 13%. The COD was predicted from the areas under the crack-introduced strain peaks under varying loads of 97, 196, 294 and 392 N. The effect of different spatial resolutions (10, 20 and 50 cm) and intervals (1, 2.5 and 5 cm) on sensing performance was discussed. Compared to previous research, the 3D FEM not only accurately predicted the changes in distributed optical fibers with cracks but also simplified traditional theoretical analysis. For the first time, a method has been introduced to predict cracks by comparing the area under the Brillouin peaks. This approach not only enhanced linearity but also reduced errors. The proposed method can be easily implemented in engineering practice for multi-point crack sensing in civil infrastructure.
Use of memristor-based chaotic circuits in AM-DCSK and FM-DCSK modulation
Authors: Sahin Muhammet Emin , Kolumbán Géza , Hamamci Serdar Ethem , Guler Hasan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, digital communications systems are built by taking advantage of hyperchaotic circuits implemented with an active flux-controlled memristor. The signals produced by these hyperchaotic circuits with rich chaotic dynamics obtained by replacing the nonlinear element with the memristor in the Chua circuit and the Wien bridge oscillator are used as carriers in digital communications systems. The dynamic behavior of memristor-based hyperchaotic circuits has a high degree of disorder. Therefore, they offer better system performance in many practical applications such as broadband signal generation, encryption and secure communications compared to the already used ordinary chaotic systems. To demonstrate the excellent system performance of memristor-based chaotic circuits, they are applied to two variants of differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) communications schemes. Both the Amplitude Modulated Differential Chaos Shift Keying (AM-DCSK) and Frequency-modulated differential chaos shift keying (FM-DCSK) have been considered. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performances of the proposed AM-DCSK and FM-DCSK systems are evaluated in an Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
Design and analysis of arbitrary shaped bifunctional cloaks for multifunctional material composites
Authors: Raza Muhammad , Ahsan Muhammad , Alonazi Wadi B , Naqvi Syed Aftab , Braaten Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The conventional cloaks that execute two physical fields in a single structure are often limited in their applications due to their regular geometry. This work proposes a solution to this problem by introducing an irregular shape bifunctional cloak that shields the cloaked region from both electric and thermal fields. Unlike previous cloaks, the proposed cloak can be designed with arbitrary shapes, which greatly expands its potential applications. The cloak is designed using Transformation Optics (TO) theory to derive the constitutive parameters required to execute the cloaking phenomenon. The numerical simulation setup is then devised based on the calculated parameters, and the functionality of the cloak is thoroughly validated. The results show that the proposed cloak can efficiently cloak a conductive or non-conductive material under both plan wave and point source excitation conditions. Moreover, the ability to cloak conductive materials make it an ideal candidate for engineering and medical applications where regular geometries are restricted.
A projection method for solving monotone nonlinear equations with application
Authors: Abbass Ghulam , Chen Haibo , Abdullahi Muhammad , Abba Baba Muhammad , Musa Sani 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nonlinear equations are one of the most trending research areas due to their vast applications in the sciences, social sciences, and engineering. However, the conjugate gradient method (CG) is one of the most rapidly developing iterative techniques for solving nonlinear monotone problems. Recently, much work has been done on using the CG method to solve monotone nonlinear equations. This paper discusses a new variant for solving constrained monotone nonlinear equations. The method satisfies the sufficient descent condition and proves global convergence and R-linear convergence with the help of some reasonable assumptions. In addition, two sets of numerical tests were conducted. The first experiment shows the good performance of the proposed method compared to existing methods, while the second experiment displays the performance of the proposed algorithm in compressive sensing.
Image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic system and dynamic DNA encoding
Authors: Liang Wuyan , Zhang Limin , Yang Zhongbao , Yu Tingting , Li Jingjing , Li Xianli 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Since the existing DNA encryption algorithms only have fixed DNA coding and decoding rules and a single algorithm that cannot meet more complex and more secure encryption requirements, an image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic system and dynamic DNA coding is proposed. The algorithm proposes two new operation methods in the DNA operation rules, namely the equal-additive column transformation and the equal-subtractive column transformation. which combine the SHA-256 function and the external key to generate the initial value of the chaotic system to ensure that key and plaintext of algorithm are correlated. In the encryption process, the plaintext image is firstly converted into a two-dimensional matrix for rotation and scrambling. Then the chaotic sequence generated by the hyperchaotic Chen system is used to perform DNA dynamic encoding, decoding and operation on the scrambled matrix and block matrix generated by logistic chaotic sequence. Finally, the encrypted matrix is scrambled in one dimension. Simulation results show that the improved encryption algorithm has a larger key space, breaks the strong correlation between image pixel layers, and can effectively resist multiple attacks.
A quantum algorithm for finding collision-inducing disturbance vectors in SHA-1
Authors: Duan Jiheng , Li Minghui , Ian Hou 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Modern cryptographic protocols rely on sophisticated hash functions to generate quasi-unique numbers that serve as signatures for user authentication and other security verifications. The security could be compromised by finding texts hash-mappable to identical numbers, forming so-called collision attack. Seeding a disturbance vector in the hash mapping to obtain a successful collision is that a major focus of cryptography study in the past two decades to improve hash protocols. We propose an algorithm that takes advantage of entangled quantum states for concurrent seeding of candidate disturbance vectors, out of which the one entailing collision is selected through a combination of quantum search, phase gating, diffusion gating, and information feedbacks from classical computing machinery. The complexity reduction is shown to be on the order of


(

2

n

/

2
+
1

)

where n is the number of qubits encoding addresses. We demonstrate the practicality of the proposed by an implementation scheme based on degenerate optical parametric oscillators.
Quantum teleportation and phase quantum estimation in a two-qubit state influenced by dipole and symmetric cross interactions
Authors: Hosseiny Seyed Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we address the problem of quantum teleportation in single and two-qubit scenarios based on the Heisenberg XYZ two-qubit chain model under the influence of atomic dipole and Kaplan-Shekhtman-Entin-Wohlman-Aharony (KSEWA) interactions. Using the concepts of fidelity threshold and average fidelity in classical and quantum, we reveal the effectiveness of the current channel to remain in the quantum limits. In addition, we investigate the quantum estimation of the encoded phase in single and two-qubit scenarios at the teleportation destination. By using different variables of the system, the average fidelity of the quantum teleportation and the quantum estimation of the encoded phase in one and two teleported qubit(s) can be improved.
Typical bipartite steerability and generalized local quantum measurements
Authors: Schumacher Maximilian , Alber Gernot 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently proposed correlation-matrix-based sufficient conditions for bipartite steerability from Alice to Bob for arbitrary measurements are applied to local informationally complete positive operator valued measures (POVMs) of the (N,M)-type. These POVMs include a large class of local generalized measurements of current interest [Siudzińska K 2022
Phys. Rev.
A
105
042209]. It is shown that the trace norm of correlation matrices with local (N,M)-POVMs is proportional to that of local orthonormal hermitian operator bases (LOOs). This implies that all types of informationally complete (N,M)-POVMs are equally powerful in detecting bipartite steerability from Alice to Bob and, in addition, they are as powerful as LOOs. In order to explore the typicality of steering numerical calculations of lower bounds on Euclidean volume ratios between steerable bipartite quantum states from Alice to Bob and all quantum states are determined with the help of a hit-and-run Monte-Carlo algorithm. These results demonstrate that with the single exception of two qubits this correlation-matrix-based sufficient condition significantly underestimates these volume ratios. These results are also compared to a recently proposed method that determines bipartite steerability from Alice’s qubit to Bob’s arbitrary dimensional quantum system by bipartite entanglement detection. It is demonstrated that in general this method is significantly more effective in detecting typical steerability provided non local entanglement detection methods are used which transcend local measurements.
Exploring the physical properties of quaternary fluoro-elpasolites A2 NaInF6 (A = Cs,Rb)compounds for prospective technological applications
Authors: Khawar Sadia , Shaukat Rabia , Husain Mudasser , Afzal M Qadeer , Tirth Vineet , Algahtani Ali , Alghtani Abdulaziz H , Al-Mughanam Tawfiq , Rached Ahmed Azzouz , Alrobei Hussein , Rahman Nasir 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The double perovskite materials possess exceptional traits that make them highly suitable for energy-related applications, owing to their eco-friendliness, efficiency, and lack of toxicity. Using the density functional theory implemented in WIEN2K, we conducted a thorough examination of the electronic, structural, optical, and elastic characteristics of A2NaInF6 (A = Cs, Rb) double perovskite materials. The energy formation and the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state fitting curve guarantee both thermodynamic and structural stability. The optimized lattice parameters obtained from our computations are in agreement with the experimental values for the relevant compounds. For calculating the electronic and optical properties of both materials, the widely used TB-mBJ (Trans Blaha modified Becke–Johnson) approximation is utilized. The replacement of ‘Cs’ with ‘Rb’ results in the tuning of the band gap from 7.70 eV to 5.01 eV. After analyzing the mechanical properties, it is anticipated that both materials exhibit elastic stability, brittleness, and relatively lower hardness. The optical properties are computed, analyzed, and presented across a broad energy range of 0–30 eV of incident photon energy. The absorption coefficient, which is a part of the optical properties, highlights the potential of these materials as fundamental components for optoelectronic devices operating in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) region. The outcomes of our study could provide valuable insights for the development of high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Vacancy defects on structural and optoelectronic properties of double perovskite Cs2AgInCl6: A density functional theory investigation
Authors: Lin Zhonghai , Wu Qingyu , Wang Pingjian , Sun Chengshuai , Zeng Ruiyang , Liu Mengdi , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Qiao Zhuhui , Wei Guangfen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study systematically investigates the effects of Cs, Ag, In, and Cl vacancy defects on the structure, electronic, and optical properties of double perovskite Cs2AgInCl6 through density functional theory calculations. The research demonstrates that different vacancy structures lead to a reduction in the stability of the structure, with Cs2AgInCl6: VCl showing relatively lower impact and Cs2AgInCl6: Vcs exhibiting the a more pronounced effect. The vacancies alter the conductivity of Cs2AgInCl6, where Cs2AgInCl6: VIn and Cs2AgInCl6: VCl exhibit p-type and n-type conductivity, respectively. Cs2AgInCl6: VCs and Cs2AgInCl6: VAg remain direct bandgap semiconductors with band gaps of 2.672 eV and 3.859 eV, respectively. Additionally, the study investigates the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constants as well as the optical absorption coefficient to explore the material’s optical properties. Regarding optical properties, different vacancy defect systems exhibit distinct absorption capabilities in the visible and ultraviolet light ranges, with the material demonstrating optimal optical performance as the incident photon energy increases. These research findings provide essential references for a deeper understanding of perovskite materials’ properties and optimizing the performance of optoelectronic devices. Future research can further explore the influence of other defect types and external conditions on material properties to expand its potential applications in solar cells, optical communications, metamaterials, and other fields.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and Autler-Towns effect in multi-level cascade type system in 133Cs
Authors: Mondal Suman , Bandyopadhyay Amitava 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The probe field propagation through a twelve-level Ξ type atomic system, having two ground energy levels, four intermediate energy levels and six upper energy levels, is studied theoretically in presence of a control field connected from intermediate energy levels to upper energy levels of the

6
S

1

/

2

→

6
P

3

/

2

→

6
D

5

/

2

transitions of 133Cs atom. Optical Bloch equations (OBEs) for the system are derived by density matrix formalism and are solved numerically under Doppler free and Doppler broadened conditions. The control field can simultaneously remain resonant or nearly resonant with certain hyperfine transitions and highly detuned with respect to other transitions. Under Doppler free condition the probe absorption curve shows multiple electromagnetically induced transparency peaks (EIT) formed within largely separated Autler-Towns (A-T) peaks. The A-T peaks are formed due to the dressing of the hyperfine transitions coupled by a highly detuned control field. The EIT windows get widened with increase in the Rabi frequency of the control field. The numerical result is compared with analytically solved reduced three-level Ξ type system. At room temperature the multiple transparency peaks get masked due to thermal averaging and an overall transparency like feature appears in the simulated Doppler broadened probe absorption curve.
Performance analysis of a hybrid FSO/mmWave/THz system for short-range communication under rain and fog conditions
Authors: Verma Deepika , Prince Shanthi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
For fronthaul cellular networks, the suitability of a hybrid free space optical (FSO)/radio frequency (RF) high data rate communication systems such as millimeter wave (mmWave) and terahertz (THz) with reliable connectivity under weather conditions (rain and fog) is proposed and analyzed. The aim of this hybrid system is to suit short-range communication covering 5G/6G and beyond cellular networks. The 4 pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) scheme parallel transmission and adaptive receiver approach is considered for the work. The theoretical work on estimating the attenuation characteristics under various weather conditions is carried out followed by the simulation of a hybrid communication system for obtaining the received power at different link lengths. Based on the received power for a data rate of 1 Gbps signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and bit error rate (BER) is calculated for a link length of 0.2 km, 0.5 km, and 1 km for 4 PAM. For varying fog conditions, mmWave/THz carrier is found to be suitable with a BER of 10−10 at a link length of 0.5 km. For varying rain rates, FSO performs well with a BER of 10−8. The link length and performance can be improved with increased transmit power in both communication systems. The THz carrier offers a high data rate, and a hybrid system is proposed with FSO/THz to have reliable connectivity in harsh weather scenarios.
Relaxation strategy for the block Landweber method
Authors: Liu Yuhan , Qu Gangrong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The block Landweber iteration is a general method for the solution of linear systems which is widely applied for image reconstructions. The convergence behavior of the block Landweber iteration is of both theoretical and practical importance. When the linear system is consistent, we derive a neat iterative representation and find an optimal relaxation coefficient by minimizing the 2-norm of the newly derived iteration matrix in the range of the conjugate transpose of the corresponding block matrix. We also establish the accelerating convergence relaxation strategies based on the maximum eigenvalue of each block matrix. When the linear system is inconsistent, we normalize each block matrix by the 2-norms of the each weighted block matrix at a uniform scale to give the relaxation strategies. The numerical simulations show that the relaxation strategies proposed for the block Landweber iteration in both consistent and inconsistent cases in this paper have the better reconstruction performances. Compared with the Landweber iteration, the block Landweber iteration has superiority in reconstruction results.
Improved mechanical and wear properties of AISI-420 steel by cathodic cage plasma vanadium nitride deposition
Authors: Filho M V M , Naeem M , Monção R M , Díaz-Guillén J C , Hdz-García H M , Costa T H C , Safeen Kashif , Iqbal Javed , Khan K H , Sousa R R M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this study, a cathodic cage plasma deposition (CCPD) system equipped with a vanadium cathodic cage is used to deposit vanadium nitride coating on AISI-420 steel. This study aims to improve the tribological and mechanical properties. Specifically, this system is used because it can deposit not only a hard coating but also form a nitrogen diffusion layer that can enhance the load-bearing capacity of the sample and coating adhesion with the substrate. The XRD shows that vanadium nitride (VN) coating is polycrystalline, with a favored orientation along the (200) plane. The SEM results depict that at 673 K, the surface consists of uniformly disseminated spherical nanoparticles agglomerate to form coralloid granular nitrides. At 723 K, polygonal particles are uniformly distributed over the entire surface. The thickness of vanadium nitride films is 0.6 and 1.1 μm for 673 K and 723 K temperatures. The hardness of the sample increased up to 3 times over the untreated sample, whereas mechanical properties, including elastic modulus, and hardness-elastic modulus ratios

H

/

E

,

H

2

/

E

,

H

3

/

E

2

are upgraded, specifically at 723 K. Remarkably, the wear rates are reduced more than ten times, and a significant decrease in friction coefficient due to the deposition of VN coating. After the ball-on-disc wear analysis, the wear track is smooth and narrow for coated samples and still covered with vanadium and nitrogen elements, which indicates deposited coating is not detached from the substrate. It shows that VN coating can be deposited effectively to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of AISI-420 steel.
Effect of RF-sputtering temperature of ITO electrodes on the resistive switching behaviour of ITO/RbPbI3/Cu devices
Authors: Dehingia Anurag , Ota Subhrakant , Deb Rajesh , Das Ujjal , Roy Asim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this work, we deposit Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO) on a glass substrate using the Radio-Frequency Sputtering technique at different temperatures and studied its structural and optical properties. Various structural, optical, and morphological studies are conducted on the ITO substrates. In addition, we have used these ITO films as conducting electrodes in MIM (metal-insulator-metal) type structures for resistive memory application. A resistive switching memory device based on RbPbI3 with sputtered ITO films as the bottom electrode is fabricated and studied for its electrical performance. It has been found that the device showed the write-once-read-many (WORM) nature at a sputtering temperature of 300 °C with a good OFF/ON ratio. The devices with ITO film sputtered a temperature below 300 °C do not show any switching behavior due to lower conductivity and improper surface morphology.
Metric-Affine Cosmologies: kinematics of Perfect (Ideal) Cosmological Hyperfluids and first integrals
Authors: Iosifidis Damianos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider a generic Metric-Affine Cosmological setup and classify some particularly
interesting specific cases of Perfect Hyperfluids. In particular, we present the form of
conservation laws for the cases of pure spin, pure dilation and pure shear fluids. We also develop
the concept of an incompressible hyperfluid and pay special attention to the case of a
hypermomentum preserving hyperfluid. We also give a specific example on the emergence of the spin,
dilation and shear currents through matter-connection couplings. In addition, starting from the
generalized acceleration equation for the scale factor including torsion and non-metricity we
provide a first integral of motion relating the latter with the rest of the hyperfluid
variables. These results then formalize the analysis of the non-Riemannian effects in Cosmology.
Effect of metallurgical step-graded quantum barrier on the performance of InGaN-based laser diode
Authors: Sapra Kashish , Mazumder Indrani , Aagiwal Harshita , Lohani Kamal , Rawal D S , Chauhan Ashok , Singh Kuldip , Mathew Manish 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a metallurgical step-graded uniform quantum barrier (QB) laser diode (LD) structure is proposed, which leads to performance enhancement in terms of reduced electron seepage current, reduced threshold current, diminished polarization charges at interfaces, and increased laser power, hole injection efficiency, optical confinement etc. The proposed LD structure demonstrated the best results among all the three structures considered in this study. The laser output power was increased from 118 mW to 160 mW in the metallurgical step-graded uniform QB LD structure as compared to the ungraded QB reference structure. The optical confinement was improved from 0.94% to 1.09% in the photon-generating region. The electron potential barrier height has increased from 191 meV to 242 meV, while the hole potential barrier height has decreased from 133 meV to 116 meV at 120 mA injection current. In addition, the electron seepage flux has reduced from 1374 A cm−2 to 768 A cm−2 at 120 mA injection current.