bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Serum Minerals, Total Protein and Liver Enzymes in HIV Patients Receiving Haart in Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Gbolahan Idowu Abigail , Victoria Mokwenye , Ugbomoiko Daniel Ohilebo , Gambo Ezekiel Dauda , Ibrahim Muhammad Adamu 
Published: September 2023

Aims: This study was aimed to estimate serum minerals level (calcium, zinc, phosphorus), total protein and liver enzymes (ALT and AST) in patients taking HAART at Federal Medical Centre Keffi, Nasarawa state. Nigeria.
Study design: This study engaged a cross-sectional study design to investigate the liver enzyme alterations and the level of serum minerals in patients taking HAART when compare with treatment naïve (Pre-HAART) controls.
Place and duration of the study: The study was conducted in Federal Medical Center Keffi, Nasarawa State-Nigeria. Data collection spanned a specific duration from December, 2022 to March, 2023.
Method: A total of 143 subjects were involved in the study of which were 59 HIV positive patients on HAART, 34 Pre-HAART patients and 50 healthy subjects served as controls. 5ml venous blood sample was collected after taking aseptic precaution from the study subjects into plain vacuum tubes; sample was left for 30 minutes at room temperature and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 4 minutes. Sero-negativity of the control (healthy patients) was confirmed by HIV TRI-DOT test. Serum total calcium, serum phosphorus, serum zinc. Total proteins were estimated using spectrophotometer while AST and ALT were estimated by colorimetric method.
Result: The study indicated that both pre-HAART and HAART patients showed significantly higher (P<.05) AST and ALT activities compared to sero-negative patients. Pre-HAART patients had lower Zinc (11.22±4.86) and TP (43.18±22.52) levels than sero-negative patients, with Zinc (16.58±4.20) and TP (65.47±12.79). In contrast, HAART patients experienced a significant increase (P<.005) in Zinc (14.29±3.41) and TP (61.56±18.87) levels compared to pre-HAART patients (11.22±4.86) and (43.18±2.52). No significant difference in serum calcium level in all groups. Patients on HAART and sero-negative patients displayed normal Phosphorus level which is significantly higher in pre-HAART patients.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the serum level of ALT and AST were increased in HIV positive patients on HAART and pre-HAART patients. HAART improved level of serum zinc and total protein.
Perception of Obesity in Adult Women
Authors: Ríos Lizet García , Galindo María del Carmen Omaña , Serrano Gustavo Peña , Gaitan Indira Vega , Ledezma Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba 
Published: September 2023

Obesity is a health problem that has increased since 1975. For this reason, to treat the disease, a transdisciplinary intervention is needed, however, this problem can be affected by the perception that people have about obesity, because the way people see and approach the problem is influenced by the sociocultural environment.
Objective: to know what is the perception and approach that adult women from 19 to 49 years of age have about obesity.
Methods: qualitative ethno-methodological study through an in-depth interview that included 6 adult women from 19 to 49 years of age whit diagnosed obesity from Mixquiahuala, Hidalgo. The data was then analyzed with the ATLAS.ti software.
Results: people may understand that obesity is a problem, and identify methods to control body weight, however, some tend to minimize the problem, making it difficult for them to achieve satisfactory results, and may face physical and social difficulties because of the weight excess they live with.
Conclusion: People are aware of obesity; as well as different strategies for its treatment, however, they do not consider it a health problem, even minimizing it. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies that allow people to identify obesity as a disease associated to health risks.
Fortified Organic Manure and NPK Fertilizer Levels: Influence on Soil Properties, Yield and Micronutrients Biofortification of Brinjal in Coastal Soil
Authors: Elayaraja D. , Senthilvalavan P. , Kamalakannan P. 
Published: September 2023

Coastal saline soils are nutrient impoverished where nutrients are in starved state, thus applying increased rate of NPK along with micronutrients fortified organics would greatly improve the soil fertility as well as nutritional quality and yield of vegetable crops. Therefore, we examined the effect of micronutrients fortified organics and NPK levels on the soil properties, yield and quality of brinjal in coastal saline soil. A field experiment was conducted at Ponnanthittu coastal village, near Chidambaram, Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu during August – December 2022 in sandy saline soil (EC-1.58 dSm-1; pH-8.54) nature with low organic carbon (2.31 g kg-1), available NPK of 135.56, 9.45 and 157.30 kg ha-1 and the available zinc (0.69 mg kg-1) and iron content (3.87 mg kg-1). The treatments adopted in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications and different levels of NPK viz., control, 100, 125 and 150% recommended levels as factor A and different micronutrients fortified organics viz., 100% Zn Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn FCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1), 100% Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Fe FCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1) and 100% Zn + Fe Fortified Composted Coir pith (Zn + Fe FCCP) @ 6.25 t ha-1 as factor B were studied with brinjal. Study results indicated that application of 125 % NPK along with Zn + Fe fortified composted coir pith (Zn + Fe FCCP) was significantly increased the availability of major and micro nutrient status, nutritional quality and yield of brinjal over other treatments in coastal saline sandy soil.
Spatial Distribution and Diversity of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton and Status of Physico-chemical Parameters in White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile
Authors: Idam O. A. , Yousif Ramzy A. , Mohamed Fouzi A. , Elobied Ameer A. , Ibrahim Nasreldeen S. , Ibrahim Salama M. , Mollah Souad A. 
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of phytoplankton, zooplankton and their correlation with physico-chemical conditions of water for White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile, April – May 2022. Some of the important physico-chemical factors of the research stations have been analyzed and the water temperature (°C) were (22.00±1.00, 21.00±0.00 and 21.00±0.00), pH (8.47±0.31, 7.6.00±0.35 and 8.07±0.12) and Transperancy (cm) (34.67±11.06, 85.33±4.16 and 47.00±8.54) for White Nile, Blue Nile and River Nile respectivley. The results revealed that there are 18 species of phytoplankton and 18 species of zooplankton were recorded from all the stations. Among these Bacillariophyceae was the most dominant class in phytoplankton 5 genus, followed by 4 genus Chlorophyceae, 3 genus Cyanophyceae, 3 genus Zygnematophyceae, 2 genus Xanthophyceae and 1 genus Coscinodiscophyceae. While zooplankton, 18 different genera, the genus are represented by 6 genus Rotifera, 2 genus for (Crustacea, Rhizopoda, Lobosea and Eurotatoria), 1 genus for (Adenophorea, Phylactolemata, Secernetea and Ciliata). Statistically, phytoplankton showed significat result with zooplankton (r2 = 0.81) and with water temperature and PO4 (r2 =0.43); non-significant different with transperancy (r2 = 0.01); for zooplankton the results showed that the positive relation between zooplankton and turbidity (r2 =0.27) and non-significat with other parameters.
Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation vs Medical Therapy and Psychological Distress
Authors: Al-Kaisey Ahmed M. , Parameswaran Ramanathan , Bryant Christina , Anderson Robert D. , Hawson Joshua , Chieng David , Segan Louise , Voskoboinik Aleksandr , Sugumar Hariharan , Wong Geoffrey R. , Finch Sue , Joseph Stephen A. , McLellan Alex , Ling Liang-Han , Morton Joseph , Sparks Paul , Sanders Prashanthan , Lee Geoffrey , Kistler Peter M. , Kalman Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceThe impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation on mental health outcomes is not well understood.ObjectiveTo determine whether AF catheter ablation is associated with greater improvements in markers of psychological distress compared with medical therapy alone.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Randomized Evaluation of the Impact of Catheter Ablation on Psychological Distress in Atrial Fibrillation (REMEDIAL) study was a randomized trial of symptomatic participants conducted in 2 AF centers in Australia between June 2018 and March 2021.InterventionsParticipants were randomized to receive AF catheter ablation (n = 52) or medical therapy (n = 48).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included follow-up assessments of prevalence of severe psychological distress (HADS score &amp;gt;15), anxiety HADS score, depression HADS score, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) score. Arrhythmia recurrence and AF burden data were also analyzed.ResultsA total of 100 participants were randomized (mean age, 59 [12] years; 31 [32%] women; 54% with paroxysmal AF). Successful pulmonary vein isolation was achieved in all participants in the ablation group. The combined HADS score was lower in the ablation group vs the medical group at 6 months (8.2 [5.4] vs 11.9 [7.2]; P = .006) and at 12 months (7.6 [5.3] vs 11.8 [8.6]; between-group difference, −4.17 [95% CI, −7.04 to −1.31]; P = .005). Similarly, the prevalence of severe psychological distress was lower in the ablation group vs the medical therapy group at 6 months (14.2% vs 34%; P = .02) and at 12 months (10.2% vs 31.9%; P = .01), as was the anxiety HADS score at 6 months (4.7 [3.2] vs 6.4 [3.9]; P = .02) and 12 months (4.5 [3.3] vs 6.6 [4.8]; P = .02); the depression HADS score at 3 months (3.7 [2.6] vs 5.2 [4.0]; P = .047), 6 months (3.4 [2.7] vs 5.5 [3.9]; P = .004), and 12 months (3.1 [2.6] vs 5.2 [3.9]; P = .004); and the BDI-II score at 6 months (7.2 [6.1] vs 11.5 [9.0]; P = .01) and 12 months (6.6 [7.2] vs 10.9 [8.2]; P = .01). The median (IQR) AF burden in the ablation group was lower than in the medical therapy group (0% [0%-3.22%] vs 15.5% [1.0%-45.9%]; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusion and RelevanceIn this trial of participants with symptomatic AF, improvement in psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression was observed with catheter ablation, but not medical therapy.Trial RegistrationANZCTR Identifier: ACTRN12618000062224
Ablaut
Authors: Pöchtrager Markus A. , Youngberg Connor G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAblaut is a phenomenon which has been well‐studied and which is found in many languages, also outside of the Indo‐European and Semitic families. This article considers ablaut of quantity and ablaut of quality. Both descriptive and historical studies of Indo‐European languages, Gothic and Kartvelian languages are provided, with a brief excursus examining ablaut in Hua (Papuan). The text then looks at a recent proposal that ablaut of quality is driven by a function known as the apophonic path. The focus here is on Classical Arabic, Kabyle Berber and German. Finally, the article concludes with coverage of less widely studied instances of ablaut, examining onomatopoeic words in English, German, French and Japanese, as well as productive reduplication processes in Turkish and Malay.
Clitic Cluster Restrictions
Authors: Pescarini Diego 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClitic clusters are complex morphological objects that are penetrable by syntactic rules, but behave as (semi)‐autonomous morphosyntactic constituents. Clusters are subject to various kinds of restrictions, which fall into three main types: (i) restrictions on linearization: clitic clusters tend to be rigidly ordered; (ii) restrictions on exponence: certain clitic clusters are morphologically opaque; (iii) restrictions on agreement: clusters of clitic pronouns tend to be ungrammatical when they correspond to certain person/case combinations (the so‐called person case constraint or PCC). Focusing on Romance data, the entry argues that (i) the PCC is part of a wider set of agreement restrictions that do not target only clitics, but become particularly evident when arguments are cliticized; (ii) the PCC is arguably linked to animacy and, more specifically, to the syntactic mechanism whereby animate and non‐animate arguments are licensed in the clause and, consequently, mapped into clitics.
Coordinative Compounding, Including Dvandva
Authors: Bauer Laurie 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The features of coordinative compounds are hard to determine because what is called a ‘coordinative compound’ varies so much from language to language. Different features of such compounds are discussed, and the variation between languages is illustrated. Some analytical questions of relevance for morphological theory are shown to be particularly difficult to answer. (i) Are coordinative compounds, despite the label, morphological or syntactic constructions – or something in‐between? (ii) How can we distinguish consistently between coordinative compounds and other compounds? (iii) What are the boundaries of coordinative compounding? (iv) Are there constructions which look like compounds whose elements might be thought to be coordinated but which are not coordinative compounds, either because they are not coordinative or because they are not compounds? Such questions are considered in a survey of potential coordinative compounds in English, a language which is generally considered poor in coordinative compounds.
Argument Structure and Derived Nominals
Authors: Borer Hagit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA review of the analytic history of derived nominals and their argument structure configurations spans, by necessity, significant milestones in theoretical developments at the very least of the past 50 years, with issues involving most crucially on the one hand the lexicon/syntax divide and the formal properties of words and word formation, and on the other hand the modelling of event structure. Major theoretical developments in the past 50 years are summarized and critically assessed in this entry.
Grammaticalization
Authors: Heine Bernd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince the beginnings of grammaticalization studies in the nineteenth century, morphological issues, especially ones related to compounding and derivation, have been central to students of grammaticalization. In earlier studies, grammaticalization was tendentially represented as a kind of ‘dynamic morphology’. This entry points out a few general features that characterize the intersection between grammaticalization and morphology and is exclusively interested in evolutions that have lexical items as their source. Two controversial topics are also discussed: the role that discourse markers play in grammatical change, which involves a cognitive–communicative operation called co‐optation; and the way contact‐induced change affects grammaticalization.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation/O‐Annulation for Construction of Divergent Spirosuccinimide and Maleimide‐Fused Isochromenes
Authors: Kamaraj Eswaran , Roy Prasanta , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA rhodium‐catalyzed [5+1] cycloaddition via C−H activation/O‐annulation strategy for synthesizing biologically interesting isochromenes is presented. This protocol selectively provides divergently functionalized isochromenes containing spirosuccinimide and maleimide scaffolds according to the maleimides and itaconimides used as the substrates. This methodology exhibits an extensive substrate scope, remarkable functional group tolerance, and high regioselectivity.
Ultra‐Rapid and Specific Gelation of Collagen Molecules for Transparent and Tough Gels by Transition Metal Complexation
Authors: Suezawa Tomoyuki , Sasaki Naoko , Yukawa Yuichi , Assan Nazgul , Uetake Yuta , Onuma Kunishige , Kamada Rino , Tomioka Daisuke , Sakurai Hidehiro , Katayama Ryohei , Inoue Masahiro , Matsusaki Michiya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCollagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and one of the main components of stromal tissues in tumors which have a high elastic modulus of over 50 kPa. Although collagen has been widely used as a cell culture scaffold for cancer cells, there have been limitations when attempting to fabricate a tough collagen gel with cells like a cancer stroma. Here, rapid gelation of a collagen solution within a few minutes by transition metal complexation is demonstrated. Type I collagen solution at neutral pH shows rapid gelation with a transparency of 81% and a high modulus of 1,781 kPa by mixing with K2PtCl4 solution within 3 min. Other transition metal ions also show the same rapid gelation, but not basic metal ions. Interestingly, although type I to IV collagen molecules show rapid gelation, other extracellular matrices do not exhibit this phenomenon. Live imaging of colon cancer organoids in 3D culture indicates a collective migration property with modulating high elastic modulus, suggesting activation for metastasis progress. This technology will be useful as a new class of 3D culture for cells and organoids due to its facility for deep‐live observation and mechanical stiffness adjustment.
Stiffer Bonding of Armchair Edge in Single‐Layer Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoribbons
Authors: Liu Chunmeng , Hongo Kenta , Maezono Ryo , Zhang Jiaqi , Oshima Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe physical and chemical properties of nanoribbon edges are important for characterizing nanoribbons and applying them in electronic devices, sensors, and catalysts. The mechanical response of molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons, which is an important issue for their application in thin resonators, is expected to be affected by the edge structure, albeit this result is not yet being reported. In this work, the width‐dependent Young's modulus is precisely measured in single‐layer molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons with armchair edges using the developed nanomechanical measurement based on a transmission electron microscope. The Young's modulus remains constant at ≈166 GPa above 3 nm width, but is inversely proportional to the width below 3 nm, suggesting a higher bond stiffness for the armchair edges. Supporting the experimental results, the density functional theory calculations show that buckling causes electron transfer from the Mo atoms at the edges to the S atoms on both sides to increase the Coulomb attraction.
Black Phosphorus/MnO2 Nanocomposite Disrupting Bacterial Thermotolerance for Efficient Mild‐Temperature Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Wang Feng , Wu Qinghe , Jia Guoping , Kong Lingchi , Zuo Rongtai , Feng Kai , Hou Mengfei , Chai Yimin , Xu Jia , Zhang Chunfu , Kang Qinglin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe emergence of multi‐drug resistant (MDR) pathogens is a major public health concern, posing a substantial global economic burden. Photothermal therapy (PTT) at mild temperature presents a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics due to its biological safety and ability to circumvent drug resistance. However, the efficacy of mild PTT is limited by bacterial thermotolerance. Herein, a nanocomposite, BP@Mn‐NC, comprising black phosphorus nanosheets and a manganese‐based nanozyme (Mn‐NZ) is developed, which possesses both photothermal and catalytic properties. Mn‐NZ imparts glucose oxidase‐ and peroxidase‐like properties to BP@Mn‐NC, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation across the bacterial cell membrane. This process disrupts unprotected respiratory chain complexes exposed on the bacterial cell membrane, leading to a reduction in the intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Consequently, mild PTT mediated by BP@Mn‐NC effectively eliminates MDR infections by specifically impairing bacterial thermotolerance because of the dependence of bacterial heat shock proteins (HSPs) on ATP molecules for their proper functioning. This study paves the way for the development of a novel photothermal strategy to eradicate MDR pathogens, which targets bacterial HSPs through ROS‐mediated inhibition of bacterial respiratory chain activity.
Integrating APSIM model with machine learning to predict wheat yield spatial distribution
Authors: Kheir Ahmed M. S. , Mkuhlani Siyabusa , Mugo Jane W. , Elnashar Abdelrazek , Nangia Vinay , Devare Medha , Govind Ajit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditional simulation models are often point based; thus, more research is needed to emphasize spatial simulation, providing decision‐makers with fast recommendations. Combining machine learning algorithms with spatial process‐based models could be considered an appropriate solution. We created a spatial model in R (APSIMx_R) to generate fine‐resolution data from coarse‐resolution data, which is typically available at the regional level. The APSIM crop model outputs were then deployed to train and test the artificial neural network, creating a hybrid modeling approach for robust spatial simulations. The APSIMx_R package facilitates preparing the required model inputs, executes the prediction, processes, and analyzes the APSIM crop model outputs. This note demonstrates the use of a new approach for creating reproducible crop modeling workflows with the spatial APSIM next‐generation model and machine learning algorithms. The tool was deployed for spatial and temporal simulation of potential wheat yield under different nitrogen rates and various wheat cultivars. The spatial APSIMx_R was validated by comparing the simulated yield at 100 kg N ha−1 to the analogues' actual yield at the same grid points, which showed good agreement (d = 0.89) between the spatially predicted and actual yield. The hybrid approach increased such precision, resulting in higher agreement (d = 0.95) with actual yield. When the interaction between cultivars and nitrogen levels was considered, it was found that the novel cultivar Sakha95 is nitrogen voracious, exhibiting a larger drop in yield (65%) under minimal nitrogen treatment (0 kg N ha−1) relative to the potential yield.
Upconversion Luminescence in Mononuclear Yb/Sm Co‐crystal Assemblies at Room Temperature
Authors: Sun Guotao , Xie Yao , Wang Yuxin , Zhang Hongjie , Sun Lining 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetal‐based upconversion luminescence transforming high‐energy photons into low‐energy photons is an attractive anti‐Stokes shift process for fundamental research and promising applications. In this work, we developed the upconversion luminescence in co‐crystal assemblies consisting of discrete mononuclear Yb and Sm complexes. The characteristic visible emissions of Sm3+were observed under the excitation of absorption band of Yb3+at 980 nm. A series of co‐crystal assemblies were investigated based on mononuclear Yb and Sm complexes, and the strongest luminescence was obtained when the molar concentration between Yb3+and Sm3+is equivalent. The crystal structure was fully characterized by the single crystal X‐ray diffraction and upconverting energy transfer mechanisms were verified as cooperative sensitization upconversion and energy transfer upconversion. This is the first example of Sm3+‐based upconverting luminescence in discrete lanthanide complexes which present as co‐crystal assemblies at room temperature.