bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional printed microcantilever with mechanical metamaterial for fiber-optic microforce sensing
Authors: Wang Famei , Zou Mengqiang , Liao Changrui , Li Bozhe , Liu Dejun , Zhou Jie , Huang Haoqiang , Zhao Jinlai , Liu Chao , Chu Paul K. , Wang Yiping 
Published: September 2023

Mechanical metamaterials can adjust mechanical properties of structures flexibly through a mechanical structural design based on the premise that the materials remain unchanged. Here, a cantilever probe microstructure is designed using mechanical metamaterials for an optical fiber microforce sensor tip that can be prepared by femtosecond laser-induced two-photon polymerization. The elastic constant k of the fabricated fiber-optic microforce sensor has been adjusted by two orders of magnitude from 0.165 to 46 N/m, and the geometric configuration of the cantilever beam can be tailored to match the mechanical properties of biological specimens. This fiber microforce sensor shows an ultra-high force sensitivity of 154 nm/µN and a force resolution of up to 130 pN. The optical fiber microforce sensor that shows the lowest force resolution in a direct-contact mode has high potential for biosensing applications, and the results reveal a potential design strategy for special scanning tunneling microscope probes with unique physical properties.
Digital twins in the minerals industry – a comprehensive review
Authors: Qu Juncong , Kizil Mehmet S. , Yahyaei Mohsen , Knights Peter F. 
Published: September 2023

Digital Twins (DT) have become popular in various industries to solve complex problems. A true DT allows for bidirectional real-time data flows between the physical and virtual worlds. The term DT was often overused, leading to confusion about its capabilities therefore this paper provides a review of the current state of DT and its applications in the minerals industry. Existing literature shows a slow adoption of DTs in the minerals industry, which is largely due to challenges associated with geological unpredictability, legacy system integration, cost, skill gaps, cybersecurity, and lack of standards. Combining immersive visualisation with real-time spatial computer graphics could improve the usability and acceptance of DTs in the minerals industry which has been used successfully in training while underexplored for operational scenarios. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further research to understand the effectiveness of such an approach in mineral operations.
Rational Skyrmions
Authors: Harland Derek , Sutcliffe Paul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A new method is introduced to construct approximations to Skyrmions that are explicit rational functions of the spatial Cartesian coordinates. The scheme uses ADHM data of a Yang–Mills instanton to produce a Skyrmion with a baryon number that is equal to the instanton number. The formula for the Skyrmion involves only the evaluation of the ADHM data, in contrast to the Atiyah–Manton construction that requires the solution of a differential equation that can only be solved explicitly in the case of a spherically symmetric Skyrmion. Examples with baryon numbers one and two are studied in detail. The energy of the rational Skyrmion with baryon number one is lower than that of the Atiyah–Manton Skyrmion, which is already within one percent of the energy of the true numerically computed Skyrmion. A family of baryon number two Skyrmions is presented, which includes an axially symmetric Skyrmion that smoothly transforms to a pair of well-separated single Skyrmions as the parameter is varied.
On symmetric Tetranacci polynomials in mathematics and physics
Authors: Leumer Nico G 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this manuscript, we introduce (symmetric) Tetranacci polynomialsξjas a twofold generalization of ordinary Tetranacci numbers, considering both non unity coefficients and generic initial values. We derive a complete closed form expression for anyξjwith the key feature of a decomposition in terms of generalized Fibonacci polynomials. For suitable conditions,ξjcan be understood as the superposition of standing waves. The issue of Tetranacci polynomials originated from their application in condensed matter physics. We explicitly demonstrate the approach for the spectrum, eigenvectors, Green’s functions and transmission probability for an atomic tight binding chain exhibiting both nearest and next nearest neighbor processes. We demonstrate that in topological trivial models, complex wavevectors can form bulk states as a result of the open boundary conditions. We describe how effective next nearest neighbor bonding is engineered in state of the art theory/experiment exploiting onsite degrees of freedom and close range hopping. We argue about experimental tune ability and on-demand complex wavevectors.
The effect of nitrogen doping and heat treatment on electrical resistivity of CVD SiC bulks
Authors: Liu Jiabao , Chen Zhaofeng , Yang Lixia , Chai Pan , Wan Qiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the expansion of chip size, the challenge of achieving uniform etching becomes progressively more formidable. Implementing CVD SiC etching rings enhances etching uniformity effectively and offers notable attributes of high purity and prolonged operational lifespan. Controlling the resistivity of CVD SiC etching rings is essential to cater to diverse processes and equipment requirements. This investigation delves into the impact of nitrogen doping and heat treatment on the resistivity of CVD SiC bulks. Elevated nitrogen doping results in a heightened carrier concentration within CVD SiC. In modest doping cases, the grain boundary barrier height escalates with the doping concentration. However, in instances of higher doping concentrations, the grain boundary barrier diminishes with increasing doping concentration. Following heat treatment, there is a rise in the carrier concentration of the sample. Nonetheless, the surge in sample porosity precipitates a mobility reduction, yielding minimal variance in resistivity before and after heat treatment.
Electrically-driven ultrafast out-of-equilibrium light emission from hot electrons in suspended graphene/hBN heterostructures
Authors: Liu Qiang , Xu Wei , Li Xiaoxi , Zhang Tongyao , Qin Chengbing , Luo Fang , Zhu Zhihong , Qin Shiqiao , Zhu Mengjian , Novoselov Kostya S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics. The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter, which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces. However, due to the zero bandgap, graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (Gr/hBN) heterostructures. Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields, emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range. By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate, the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2 or hBN. We further demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium. Direct cooling of high-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface, resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation. It is found that suspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2 trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a ∼440% enhancement in intensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation. The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBN heterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonic integrated circuits, such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.
Study on blade fault diagnosis of free flying UAV based on multiparameter and deep learning method
Authors: Li Feng , Zhang Xinyu , Yu Feifei , Rong Ying , Du Canyi , Huang Yongxian , Gong Yongkang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the widespread application of UAV (UAV) in various fields, more and more attention has been paid to the operation status monitoring and fault diagnosis of UAV. During the use of UAV, the motors, blades, connectors and other components may inevitably experience wear, fatigue, and breakage, which are difficult to directly monitor through sensors. Therefore, a fault identification method based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is proposed to provide ideas for the research on the mechanical fault diagnosis of UAV. A Bluetooth wireless acceleration-attitude sensor is used to collect the acceleration, angular velocity and angle of the free flying UAV in X, Y, and Z directions. With these characteristic parameters as sample data, fault identification can be implemented using deep learning model. Besides, to deal with over-fitting, a data reconstruction method of partition sampling is proposed. By comparing different input parameters and optimization functions, we found that when using multi-parameter + RMSProp optimization, the recognition accuracy reaches 98%. In addition, a comparative analysis is carried out using shallow neural network PNN and SVM methods, and the results show that the proposed 1D-CNN model outperforms both shallow neural networks and traditional machine learning methods.
Infectious and environmental placental insults: from underlying biological pathways to diagnostics and treatments
Authors: Chenge Samuel , Ngure Harrison , Kanoi Bernard N , Sferruzzi-Perri Amanda N , Kobia Francis M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Because the placenta is bathed in maternal blood, it is exposed to infectious agents and chemicals that may be present in the mother’s circulation. Such exposures, which do not necessarily equate with transmission to the fetus, may primarily cause placental injury, thereby impairing placental function. Recent research has improved our understanding of the mechanisms by which some infectious agents are transmitted to the fetus, as well as the mechanisms underlying their impact on fetal outcomes. However, less is known about the impact of placental infection on placental structure and function, or the mechanisms underlying infection-driven placental pathogenesis. Moreover, recent studies indicate that noninfectious environmental agents accumulate in the placenta, but their impacts on placental function and fetal outcomes are unknown. Critically, diagnosing placental insults during pregnancy is very difficult and currently, this is possible only through postpartum placental examination. Here, with emphasis on humans, we discuss what is known about the impact of infectious and chemical agents on placental physiology and function, particularly in the absence of maternal–fetal transmission, and highlight knowledge gaps with potential implications for diagnosis and intervention against placental pathologies.
Effects of commercial and traditional kefir supplementation on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility and the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs
Authors: Metras Breanna N , Oba Patricia M , Miller Michael J , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Kefir is a fermented dairy beverage that has been consumed by humans for centuries, but poorly studied in pets. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of commercial or traditional kefir supplementation on apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) and fecal characteristics, microbiota populations, and metabolite and immunoglobulin (Ig) A concentrations of healthy adult dogs. Twelve healthy adult dogs (5.67 ± 1.72 yr, 7.27 ± 1.15 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design (n = 12/group). All dogs were fed a commercial diet and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments (60 mL/d): 2% reduced-fat milk treated with lactase [CNTL; 4.57E + 03 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL], commercial kefir (C-Kefir; 6.95E + 04 LAB CFU/mL), or traditional kefir brewed daily from 2% reduced-fat milk and kefir grains (T-Kefir; 1.79E + 09 LAB CFU/mL). The experiment was composed of three 28-d periods, with each consisting of a 22-d transition phase, a 5-d fecal collection phase, and 1 d for blood collection. Fecal samples were collected for determination of ATTD and fecal pH, dry matter, microbiota, and metabolite, and IgA concentrations. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. The main effects of treatment were tested, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05 and trends set at P ≤ 0.10. Kefir products differed in microbial density and profile, but fecal microbiota populations were weakly impacted. Bacterial alpha diversity tended to be greater (P = 0.10) in dogs fed T-Kefir than those fed CNTL. Bacterial beta diversity analysis identified a difference (P &lt; 0.0004) between dogs-fed CNTL and those fed C-Kefir. Dogs-fed C-Kefir tended to have a greater (P = 0.06) relative abundance of Fusobacteriota than those fed CNTL or T-Kefir. Dogs-fed T-Kefir had a greater (P &lt; 0.0001) relative abundance of Lactococcus than those fed CNTL or C-Kefir. Dogs-fed T-Kefir also tended to have a lower (P = 0.09) relative abundance of Escherichia Shigella and greater (P = 0.09) relative abundance of Candidatus stoquefichus than dogs-fed CNTL or C-Kefir. Dogs-fed C-Kefir tended to have lower (P = 0.08) fecal valerate concentrations than those fed CNTL or T-Kefir. All other measures were unaffected by kefir treatments. Our results suggest that kefir supplementation had minor effects on the fecal microbiota populations and fecal metabolite concentrations of healthy adult dogs without impacting ATTD, fecal characteristics, or fecal IgA concentrations.
Outcomes of Endocarditis in Pregnancy: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Shapero Kayle , El-Dalati Sami , Berlacher Kathryn , Megli Christina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) in pregnancy is rare (0.006%), with increasing prevalence during the opioid epidemic. IE in pregnancy is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity, and existing data on outcomes in pregnancy are limited. Our study compares the outcomes of pregnant patients with IE with those of nonpregnant patients.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with IE during pregnancy and 30 days postpartum between 2014 and 2021 were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, Ninth and Tenth Edition codes. Pregnant cases were matched to nonpregnant reproductive-age endocarditis patients in a 1:4 ratio. Data were collected and validated through chart review.

Results
One hundred eighty patients with IE were identified; 34 were pregnant or within 30 days postpartum at diagnosis. There were higher rates of hepatitis C and opioid maintenance therapy in the pregnant patients. The etiology of IE in pregnant patients was predominantly S. aureus (methicillin-resistant/sensitive S. aureus), whereas nonpregnant woman had greater microbiological variation. We observed comparable rates of valve replacement (32.4% vs 29%; P = .84) and 2-year mortality (20.6% vs 17.8%; P &gt; .99) in pregnant patients. There were nonsignificantly higher rates of pulmonary emboli (17.6% vs 7.5%; P = .098) and arrhythmia (17.6% vs 9.6%; P = .222) among pregnant patients. There were high rates of intravenous drug use relapse in both groups (&gt;40%).

Conclusions
We observed similar rates of mortality in the pregnant IE patients. We observed a microbial predilection for S. aureus in pregnancy, suggesting that the pregnancy physiology may select for this microbiologic etiology. This study, which represents the largest single-center retrospective review of IE in pregnancy, suggests that surgical intervention may be performed safely in the postpartum period.
Terminal Hairs That Resemble Occipital Hairs in Pilonidal Sinus Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Hemrajani Priyanka 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
This is the first demonstrated case in which terminal hairs that resembled occipital hairs and ranged from 2 to 13 cm in length were extracted from a patient with primary pilonidal sinus disease. This case provides evidence that occipital hairs may enter the pilonidal sinus and perhaps also play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Recovery Kinetics Following Cervical Spine Surgery
Authors: Subramanian Tejas , Shinn Daniel , Korsun Maximilian , Shahi Pratyush , Asada Tomoyuki , Amen Troy B , Maayan Omri , Singh Sumedha , Araghi Kasra , Tuma Olivia C. , Singh Nishtha , Simon Chad , Zhang Joshua , Sheha Evan D. , Dowdell James E. , Huang Russel C. , Albert Todd J. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. , Iyer Sravisht 
Published: September 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained multi-surgeon registry.

Objective.
To study recovery kinetics and associated factors following cervical spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data.
Few studies have described return to activities cervical spine surgery. This is a big gap in the literature as preoperative counseling and expectations before surgery are important.

Materials and Methods.
Patients that underwent either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical disc replacement (CDR) were included. Data collected included preoperative patient-reported outcome measures, return to driving, return to working, and discontinuation of opioids data. A multivariable regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with return to driving by 15 days, return to working by 15 days, and for discontinuing opioids by 30 days.

Results.
70 ACDF patients and 70 CDR patients were included. Overall, 98.2% of ACDF patients and 98% of CDR patients returned to driving in 16 and 12 days, respectively; 85.7% of ACDF patients and 90.9% of CDR patients returned to work in 16 and 14 days; and 98.3% of ACDF patients and 98.3% of CDR patients discontinued opioids in a median of 7 and 6 days. Though not significant, minimal (odds ratio (OR)=1.65) and moderate (OR=1.79) disability was associated with greater odds of returning to driving by 15 days. Sedentary work (OR=0.8) and preoperative narcotics (OR=0.86) were associated with decreased odds of returning to driving by 15 days. Medium (OR=0.81) and heavy (OR=0.78) intensity occupations were associated with decreased odds of returning to work by 15 days. High school education (OR=0.75), sedentary work (OR=0.79), retired/not working (OR=0.69) were all associated with decreased odds of discontinuing opioids by 30 days.

Conclusion.
Recovery kinetics for ACDF and CDR as comparable. Most patients return to all activities following ACDF and CDR, within 16 days. These findings serve as an important compass for preoperative counseling.
Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy Induces Robust Local Immune Response for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma With Long-term Survival and Disease Control
Authors: Chandar Jay S. , Bhatia Shovan , Ingle Shreya , Mendez Valdez Mynor J. , Maric Dragan , Seetharam Deepa , Desgraves Jelisah F. , Govindarajan Vaidya , Daggubati Lekhaj , Merenzon Martin , Morell Alexis , Luther Evan , Saad Ali G. , Komotar Ricardo J. , Ivan Michael E. , Shah Ashish H. 
Published: September 2023

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive neurosurgical technique used to ablate intra-axial brain tumors. The impact of LITT on the tumor microenvironment is scarcely reported. Nonablative LITT-induced hyperthermia (33–43˚C) increases intra-tumoral mutational burden and neoantigen production, promoting immunogenic cell death. To understand the local immune response post-LITT, we performed longitudinal molecular profiling in a newly diagnosed glioblastoma and conducted a systematic review of anti-tumoral immune responses after LITT. A 51-year-old male presented after a fall with progressive dizziness, ataxia, and worsening headaches with a small, frontal ring-enhancing lesion. After clinical and radiographic progression, the patient underwent stereotactic needle biopsy, confirming an IDH-WT World Health Organization Grade IV Glioblastoma, followed by LITT. The patient was subsequently started on adjuvant temozolomide, and 60 Gy fractionated radiotherapy to the post-LITT tumor volume. After 3 months, surgical debulking was conducted due to perilesional vasogenic edema and cognitive decline, with H&E staining demonstrating perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. Postoperative serial imaging over 3 years showed no evidence of tumor recurrence. The patient is currently alive 9 years after diagnosis. Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of pre-LITT and post-LITT biopsies showed increased CD8 and activated macrophage infiltration and programmed death ligand 1 expression. This is the first depiction of the in-situ immune response to LITT and the first human clinical presentation of increased CD8 infiltration and programmed death ligand 1 expression in post-LITT tissue. Our findings point to LITT as a treatment approach with the potential for long-term delay of recurrence and improving response to immunotherapy.
Remimazolam and serious adverse events
Authors: Kempenaers Sander , Hansen Tom G. , Van de Velde Marc 
Published: September 2023

Remimazolam is anticipated to be an interesting anaesthetic and sedative. It combines the pharmacodynamic properties of midazolam with pharmacokinetic properties similar to remifentanil. However, worrisome case reports of anaphylaxis, delayed emergence and re-sedation have emerged recently and necessitate further investigation.
PubMed (including MEDLINE) and EMBASE were searched for all studies reporting serious adverse events where remimazolam was administered for sedation or anaesthesia.
Thirty-six case reports and 73 trials were identified, involving a total of 6740 patients who received remimazolam. Hypotension was reported in 911 cases, delayed emergence in 68 cases, anaphylaxis in 10 cases and re-sedation in 8 cases. The incidence of hypotension seems to be lower compared with other anaesthetics, even in high-risk patients.
Delayed emergence might be related to the metabolism of remimazolam through carboxylesterase 1 (CES1), a tissue esterase predominant in the liver. There is significant interindividual variation, and it is inhibited by flavonoids, fatty acids and alcohol. Individual benzodiazepine sensitivity has also been reported. A higher BMI, older age and low plasma albumin concentration are risk factors for delayed emergence. Anaphylaxis might be related to a non-IgE-mediated effect of the excipient dextran-40 or a partially IgE-mediated reaction to remimazolam itself. Resedation has been reported after flumazenil reversal and is explained by the specific pharmacokinetic properties of flumazenil and remimazolam. Reversal by flumazenil should be reserved for and used carefully in patients with delayed emergence.

Visual Abstract

http://links.lww.com/EJA/A864.