bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial PHACTR1 Promotes Endothelial Activation and Atherosclerosis by Repressing PPARγ Activity Under Disturbed Flow in Mice
Authors: Jiang Dongyang , Liu Hao , Zhu Guofu , Li Xiankai , Fan Linlin , Zhao Faxue , Xu Chong , Wang Shumin , Rose Yara , Rhen Jordan , Yu Ze , Yin Yiheng , Gu Yuling , Xu Xiangbin , Fisher Edward A. , Ge Junbo , Xu Yawei , Pang Jinjiang 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:

Numerous genome-wide association studies revealed that SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) at the
PHACTR1
(phosphatase and actin regulator 1) locus strongly correlate with coronary artery disease. However, the biological function of PHACTR1 remains poorly understood. Here, we identified the proatherosclerotic effect of endothelial PHACTR1, contrary to macrophage PHACTR1.

METHODS:

We generated global (

Phactr1
−/−

) and endothelial cell (EC)–specific (

Phactr1
ECKO

)
Phactr1
KO (knockout) mice and crossed these mice with apolipoprotein E–deficient (

Apoe
−/−

) mice. Atherosclerosis was induced by feeding the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks or partially ligating carotid arteries combined with a 2-week high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. PHACTR1 localization was identified by immunostaining of overexpressed PHACTR1 in human umbilical vein ECs exposed to different types of flow. The molecular function of endothelial PHACTR1 was explored by RNA sequencing using EC-enriched mRNA from global or EC-specific
Phactr1
KO mice. Endothelial activation was evaluated in human umbilical vein ECs transfected with siRNA targeting
PHACTR1
and in

Phactr1
ECKO

mice after partial carotid ligation.

RESULTS:

Global or EC-specific
Phactr1
deficiency significantly inhibited atherosclerosis in regions of disturbed flow. PHACTR1 was enriched in ECs and located in the nucleus of disturbed flow areas but shuttled to cytoplasm under laminar flow in vitro. RNA sequencing showed that endothelial
Phactr1
depletion affected vascular function, and PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) was the top transcription factor regulating differentially expressed genes. PHACTR1 functioned as a PPARγ transcriptional corepressor by binding to PPARγ through the corepressor motifs. PPARγ activation protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial activation. Consistently,
PHACTR1
deficiency remarkably reduced endothelial activation induced by disturbed flow in vivo and in vitro. PPARγ antagonist GW9662 abolished the protective effects of
Phactr1
KO on EC activation and atherosclerosis in vivo.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results identified endothelial PHACTR1 as a novel PPARγ corepressor to promote atherosclerosis in disturbed flow regions. Endothelial PHACTR1 is a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Shorter Door-to-Needle Times Are Associated With Better Outcomes After Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy and Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Man Shumei , Solomon Nicole , Mac Grory Brian , Alhanti Brooke , Uchino Ken , Saver Jeffrey L. , Smith Eric E. , Xian Ying , Bhatt Deepak L. , Schwamm Lee H. , Hussain Muhammad Shazam , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Existing data and clinical trials could not determine whether faster intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IVT) translates into better long-term functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke among those treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Patient-level national data can provide the required large population to study the associations between earlier IVT, versus later, with longitudinal functional outcomes and mortality in patients receiving IVT+EVT combined treatment.

Methods:
This cohort study included older US patients (age ≥65 years) who received IVT within 4.5 hours or EVT within 7 hours after acute ischemic stroke using the linked 2015 to 2018 Get With The Guidelines–Stroke and Medicare database (38 913 treated with IVT only and 3946 with IVT+EVT). Primary outcome was home time, a patient-prioritized functional outcome. Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality in 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the associations between door-to-needle (DTN) times and outcomes.

Results:

Among patients treated with IVT+EVT, after adjusting for patient and hospital factors, including onset-to-EVT times, each 15-minute increase in DTN times for IVT was associated with significantly higher odds of zero home time in a year (never discharged to home) (adjusted odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.06–1.19]), less home time among those discharged to home (adjusted odds ratio, 0.93 per 1% of 365 days [95% CI, 0.89–0.98]), and higher all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07 [95% CI, 1.02–1.11]). These associations were also statistically significant among patients treated with IVT but at a modest degree (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04 for zero home time, 0.96 per 1% home time for those discharged to home, and adjusted hazard ratio 1.03 for mortality). In the secondary analysis where the IVT+EVT group was compared with 3704 patients treated with EVT only, shorter DTN times (≤60, 45, and 30 minutes) achieved incrementally more home time in a year, and more modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2 at discharge (22.3%, 23.4%, and 25.0%, respectively) versus EVT only (16.4%,
P
<0.001 for each). The benefit dissipated with DTN>60 minutes.

Conclusions:
Among older patients with stroke treated with either IVT only or IVT+EVT, shorter DTN times are associated with better long-term functional outcomes and lower mortality. These findings support further efforts to accelerate thrombolytic administration in all eligible patients, including EVT candidates.
Study of the Effects of a Mathematics Teacher Education Program: What Went Wrong?
Authors: Pinzón Andrés , Gómez Pedro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
If we want to understand what works in studies of teacher education programs, we also need to understand what does not work. In this article, we discuss why a study evaluating the effects of an education program on implementation practices yielded unexpected results. Interviews with a sample of teacher graduates from the program revealed that the program did have effects on implementation practices that were not evident in the original study. These effects are in the form of increased student participation, teamwork and the conception of error as opportunity. The instrument and procedures of the original study did not allow these effects to be seen.
The impact sheet to this article can be accessed at 10.6084/m9.figshare.22339567.
The Bronze Age and Southeast Asia
Authors: Higham C.F.W. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As the scholarly border between China and Southeast Asia has dissipated, so the vast region from the Yangtze River to Malaysia has been integrated into a whole. There was an inexorable expansion of copper-base expertise southward, reaching Lingnan and Yunnan by 1400-1200 bc, and Southeast Asia one or two centuries later, with ultimate origins in the Asian steppes via the Chinese Central Plains and Sichuan. As prospectors identified and exploited the Southeast Asian copper mines, a limited range of copper-base artefacts moved along established exchange routes, including socketed axes, bangles and spears. At first rare and used to advertise status in communities advantaged by a strategic location, with increased production and in situ casting within consumer settlements, bronzes were no longer associated with social elites. Only with different regional stimuli during the Iron Age, were bronzes again employed by societies characterized by social inequality.
Decadal Modulation of the Atlantic Meridional Mode on the West Antarctic Climate during Austral Winter
Authors: Yao Yiyun , Duan Anmin , Hu Jun , Tang Yuheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Based on observations and simplified, comprehensive atmospheric models, we investigate the impact of the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) on the West Antarctic temperature and sea ice concentration in austral winter (June–August) on decadal time scales. The tropical gradient SST anomaly (SSTA) associated with the positive phase of the Atlantic meridional mode (AMM) usually leads to cool anomalies over the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and a dipole-like sea ice distribution, with ice growth in the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Sea and loss in the Ross Sea. When the AMM is in a positive phase, upward motion over the warm region in the North Atlantic and downward motion over the cold region in the South Atlantic strengthen the Southern Hemisphere Hadley cell, resulting in upper-level convergence over the southwestern Atlantic. This convergence induces a Rossby wave, leading to an anticyclone anomaly over the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Sea. Meridional component winds of this anticyclone anomaly are associated with wind-driven sea ice drift, temperature advection, and anomalous turbulence heat fluxes, leading to a dipole-like sea ice distribution and AP cooling. These findings are verified using two types of atmospheric models. Therefore, the AMM plays a vital role in modulating the decadal change in temperature and sea ice distribution in the West Antarctic.
Endometrioma Within the Anterior Abdominal Wall Causing Cyclic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Davis Donald M. , Rasheid Sowsan H. , Boucher Zachary H. , Burgueno-Vega Diana A. , Molina Manuel A. 
Published: May 2023

Lesions from endometriosis contain endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. The lesions occur in the pelvis but are also found in the bowel, diaphragm, and pleural cavity. Endometriosis within the extraperitoneal abdominal wall is rare, though, and usually within c-section scars (incidence is .03%-.5%). The typical triad includes: mass in the abdominal wall, cyclical pain, and history of previous abdominal surgery. We present the case of a 28-year-old female with a past history of cesarean section and obesity (BMI = 31) who presented with approximately 3 years of abdominal pain which was “waxing and waning” in severity depending on her menstrual cycle. Multiple doctors and US imaging did not reveal a diagnosis. During consultation, she had a palpable 3 cm mass several centimeters above and right of her abdominal incision. She underwent a CT showing an inflamed subcutaneous mass abutting her anterior rectus sheath. She underwent wide excision which confirmed the diagnosis of endometrioma. This case demonstrates the need for good history and physical exam skills, as well as proficiency in reviewing radiographic imaging. Due to habitus and pain, the physical exam was difficult. However, there was a firm mass upon deep palpation. Her initial imaging was “negative,” but review of the images revealed only intraperitoneal views and further imaging revealed the mass. There must be high clinical suspicion for this disease because failure to remove all tissue (including the surrounding fibrosis and desmoplastic tissue) or biopsy can lead to spread of residual endometrial cells and recurrence.
Patient Factors Affecting Inpatient Mortality Following Colorectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Sonal Swati , Schneider Derek , Boudreau Chloe , Kunitake Hiroko , Goldstone Robert N. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Cauley Christy E. , Francone Todd D. , Ricciardi Rocco , Berger David L. 
Published: May 2023

Background Our objective is to identify factors for inpatient death in patients undergoing resection for colorectal cancer (CRC). Study Design Unmatched 1:3 case-control study of surgically resected CRC at a tertiary care institution between 2004 and 2018. Variables for multivariate analysis were selected using tetrachoric correlation followed by a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) penalized regression model. Results A total of 140 patients were included (N = 35 patients who died inpatient, N = 105 patients who did not die). Patients who died were older, had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), higher rates of preoperative anemia, hypoalbuminemia, emergency surgeries, blood transfusion, postoperative vasopressor requirement, anastomotic leak, and postoperative ICU admission than patients who underwent surgical resection without inpatient mortality. Anemia (aOR = 8.62, 1.44-91.58), emergency admission (aOR = 5.71, 1.46-24.36), and ICU admission (aOR 45.51, 8.31-448.4) significantly predicted inpatient mortality when controlled for CCI and hypoalbuminemia. Conclusions Surprisingly, it appears that pre-existing anemia and perioperative factors are more important in predicting inpatient mortality of patients undergoing CRC surgery than baseline comorbidity or nutritional status.
Comparison of National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator and Trauma and Injury Severity Score Risk Assessment Tools in Predicting Outcomes in High-Risk Operative Trauma Patients
Authors: Santos Jeffrey , Kuza Catherine M. , Luo Xi , Ogunnaike Babatunde , Ahmed M. Iqbal , Melikman Emily , Moon Tiffany , Shoultz Thomas , Feeler Anne , Dudaryk Roman , Navas Jose , Vasileiou Georgia , Yeh D. Dante , Matsushima Kazuhide , Forestiere Matthew , Lian Tiffany , Grigorian Areg , Ricks-Oddie Joni , Nahmias Jeffry 
Published: May 2023

Background The Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) uses anatomic/physiologic variables to predict outcomes. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator (NSQIP-SRC) includes functional status and comorbidities. It is unclear which of these tools is superior for high-risk trauma patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) class IV or V). This study compares risk prediction of TRISS and NSQIP-SRC for mortality, length of stay (LOS), and complications for high-risk operative trauma patients. Methods This is a prospective study of high-risk (ASA-PS IV or V) trauma patients (≥18 years-old) undergoing surgery at 4 trauma centers. We compared TRISS vs NSQIP-SRC vs NSQIP-SRC + TRISS for ability to predict mortality, LOS, and complications using linear, logistic, and negative binomial regression. Results Of 284 patients, 48 (16.9%) died. The median LOS was 16 days and number of complications was 1. TRISS + NSQIP-SRC best predicted mortality (AUROC: .877 vs .723 vs .843, P = .0018) and number of complications (pseudo-R2/median error (ME) 5.26%/1.15 vs 3.39%/1.33 vs 2.07%/1.41, P < .001) compared to NSQIP-SRC or TRISS, but there was no difference between TRISS + NSQIP-SRC and NSQIP-SRC with LOS prediction ( P = .43). Discussion For high-risk operative trauma patients, TRISS + NSQIP-SRC performed better at predicting mortality and number of complications compared to NSQIP-SRC or TRISS alone but similar to NSQIP-SRC alone for LOS. Thus, future risk prediction and comparisons across trauma centers for high-risk operative trauma patients should include a combination of anatomic/physiologic data, comorbidities, and functional status.
Histopathological analysis of vascular malformations
Authors: Pang Calver , Abu-Hanna Jeries , Lim Chung Sim , Brookes Jocelyn , Tsui Janice , Hamilton George , Onuba Louisa , Deroide Florence 
Published: May 2023

Objective To propose and develop a histopathological criteria to help diagnose vascular malformations. Methods All patients who underwent surgical resection and had a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of vascular malformations from 01 March 2018-26 February 2020 were included. A criteria based on 10 parameters was developed to help diagnose vascular malformations. Discrepancies between clinical and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Results A total of 18 cases were identified. There was a discrepancy between the clinical diagnosis and the initially reported histopathological diagnosis in 16 cases (88.9%). This was reduced to 7 (38.9%) and 6 cases (33.3%) with first and second time revised histopathological analysis using proposed criteria. Conclusions The discrepancy between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of vascular malformations has highlighted the requirement of an agreed criteria for histopathologists to help formulate their diagnosis. The proposed criteria may be used as a guide in addressing this and guide treatment and improve clinical practice.
Corneal confocal microscopy identifies corneal nerve fiber loss in patients with migraine
Authors: Guldiken Yigit Can , Petropoulos Ioannis N , Malik Ayesha , Malik Rayaz A , Yüksel Refref , Budak Faik , Selekler Hamit Macit 
Published: May 2023

Background/Hypothesis Migraine affects >1 billion people but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Alterations in the trigeminovascular system play an important role. We have compared corneal nerve morphology in patients with migraine to healthy controls. Methods Sixty patients with episodic (n = 32) or chronic (n = 28) migraine and 20 age-matched healthy control subjects were studied cross-sectionally. Their migraine characteristics and signs and symptoms of dry eyes were assessed. Manual and automated quantification of corneal nerves was undertaken by corneal confocal microscopy. Results In patients with migraine compared to controls, manual corneal nerve fiber density (P < 0.001), branch density (P = 0.015) and length (P < 0.001); and automated corneal nerve fiber density (P < 0.001), branch density (P < 0.001), length (P < 0.001), total branch density (P < 0.001), nerve fiber area (P < 0.001), nerve fiber width (P = 0.045) and fractal dimension (P < 0.001) were lower. Automated corneal nerve fiber density was higher in patients with episodic migraine and aura (P = 0.010); and fractal dimension (P = 0.029) was lower in patients with more headache days in the last three months. Automated corneal nerve fiber density predicted a significant amount of the observed variance in pain intensity (adjusted r2 = 0.14, partial r = −0.37, P = 0.004) in patients with migraine. Conclusions Corneal confocal microscopy reveals corneal nerve loss in patients with migraine. It may serve as an objective imaging biomarker of neurodegeneration in migraine.
A review of nucleate pool-boiling heat transfer in different liquids and nanofluids
Authors: Zarrag Khudir Z , Ismail Firas B , Sann Tan E , Habeeb Laith J 
Published: May 2023

The goal of this review is to examine the current state of the art in nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in a variety of different fluids. The review is divided into many sections that discuss heat transfer in pool boiling, such as pool boiling of nanofluids, boiling behavior of water–glycerin combinations, and operational parameters. With the appropriate mixes of hydrocarbons and other commercial liquids, higher heat transfer coefficients may be produced. Coatings of nanoparticles with varying layer thicknesses applied to the heater surface may be optimized to improve heat transfer from the pool to the surrounding water. The heat transfer hypothesis elucidates the peculiarities of each pool’s boiling regime. It is also possible to expand it to flow boiling by combining pool boiling liquid motion with external mechanical force. Other phase transitions, such as condensation, solidification, and melting, can also be described using boiling heat flow processes. Pool boiling performance can be improved by making a variety of adjustments to the heating surfaces as well as by using pure liquids in the water. Improvements can be made to boiling parameters such as the heat flux, the critical heat flux, the heat transfer coefficient, bubble development and departure, and so forth. A nanoparticle addition to a pure liquid or a surface coating on a heating surface can improve heat transfer and boiling properties by increasing the surface area of the liquid. Pool boiling critical heat flux was enhanced with Al2O3-water nano fluid. Authors used three different powder sizes of Al2O3which were 0.05, 0.3 and 1.0 μm. Addition of alumina particle in water increases the boiling heat flux. Critical heat flux (CHF) was significantly enhanced using Titania and Alumina nano particles in water as compared to pure water. Average size of nano particle used was 85 nm measured by scattering electron microscope. Enhancement in Critical heat flux is due to nano particle coating on heating surface. Characteristics of nucleate boiling are greatly affected by the operating pressure. Miniature flat heat pipe (MFHP) with evaporator having micro grooved heat transfer surface gives 50% increment in critical heat flux at atmosphere pressure whereas this value increases up to 150% at 7.4 kPa pressure. The addition of CNT (carbon nanotube) to the base liquid increases the critical heat flux. Transmission electron microscopy confirms the average size of a nanoparticle as 15 nm. Authors found that by decreasing pressure from atmosphere condition critical heat flux increases to 200% with CNT/water nano fluid as compared to deionized water. SiC-water nanofluids of 100 nm size were experimented with at volume concentrations of 0.001%, 0.001%, and 0.01%. The size of the nanoparticle was confirmed by a scattering electron microscope. Authors concluded that at 0.01% of nano particle enhances critical heat flux to 105%.
Repair of meniscus root tear – Is there a difference between medial meniscus root repair and lateral meniscus root repair? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khoo Jun Ren , Yau WP 
Published: May 2023

Purpose Complete meniscus root tear is associated with meniscus extrusion; this causes a loss of meniscus function and accelerated osteoarthritis of the knee. Existing small-scale retrospective case–control studies suggested that the outcomes were different between medial and lateral meniscus root repair. This meta-analysis aims to study whether such discrepancies exist via a systematic review of the available evidence in the literature. Methods Studies evaluating the outcomes of surgical repair of posterior meniscus root tears, with reassessment MRI or second-look arthroscopy, were identified through a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The degree of meniscus extrusion, healing status of the repaired meniscus root, and functional outcome scores after repair were the outcomes of interest. Results Among the 732 studies identified, 20 studies were included in this systematic review. 624 knees and 122 knees underwent MMPRT and LMPRT repair, respectively. The amount of meniscus extrusion following MMPRT repair was 3.8 ± 1.7 mm, which was significantly larger than the 0.9 ± 1.2 mm observed after LMPRT repair ( p < 0.001). Significantly better healing outcomes were observed on reassessment MRI after LMPRT repair ( p < 0.001). The postoperative Lysholm score and IKDC score was also significantly better after LMPRT than MMPRT repair ( p < 0.001). Conclusions LMPRT repairs resulted in significantly less meniscus extrusion, substantially better healing outcomes on MRI, and superior Lysholm/IKDC scores, when compared to MMPRT repair. This is the first meta-analysis we are aware of that systematically reviews the differences in the clinical, radiographic, and arthroscopic results of MMPRT and LMPRT repair.