bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Top advances of the year: Genitourinary cancer
Authors: Jackson‐Spence Francesca , Young Matthew , Sweeney Christopher , Powles Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere have been significant advances in the treatment of urology cancers, with a number of practice‐changing treatments. There is now greater clarity on the role of the use of immunotherapies in renal cell carcinoma. The use of triplet combinations with immune checkpoint inhibition with anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the front‐line setting for metastatic disease (COSMIC313) has been explored. The use of adjuvant therapy has been complicated by a series of negative immune therapy trials. Promising results with the HIF‐2α transcription factor inhibitor, belzutifan, alone or in combination with other agents, have been reported. Antibody drug conjugates, including enfortumab vedotin and sacituzumab govitecan, have continued to show activity in urothelial cancer with promising clinical outcomes. This has led to further exploration of the combination of these novel agents with immunotherapy and accelerated Food and Drug Administration approvals. Data are also discussed regarding intensification for front‐line therapy of metastatic castrate sensitive prostate cancer. The combination of androgen‐signaling inhibitors, docetaxel, and androgen deprivation therapy (PEACE‐1, ARASENS), as well as the use of abiraterone acetate for adjuvant therapy in high‐risk disease (STAMPEDE), is included. There is also growing evidence for the use of the radioligand therapy 177Lu‐PSMA‐617 in metastatic castrate resistant disease, with an established overall survival benefit in this patient population (VISION, TheraP).Plain Language Summary

There have been many advancements in the treatment of cancers of the kidney, bladder, and prostate in the past year.
Several studies using new therapies or new combinations of therapies have improved the chances of patients living longer with these cancers, especially those with advanced disease.
Here, we discuss a selection of the most compelling recently published data that have changed the way these cancers are treated, as well as those that are expected to change treatment in the near future.
Parents’ and adolescents’ perspectives and understanding of information about childhood cancer precision medicine
Authors: Gereis Jessica M. , Hetherington Kate , Robertson Eden G. , Daly Rebecca , Donoghoe Mark W. , Ziegler David S. , Marshall Glenn M. , Lau Loretta M. S. , Marron Jonathan M. , Wakefield Claire E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrecision medicine is projected to become integral to childhood cancer care. As such, it is essential to support families to understand what precision medicine entails.MethodsA total of 182 parents and 23 adolescent patients participating in Precision Medicine for Children with Cancer (PRISM), an Australian precision medicine clinical trial for high‐risk childhood cancer, completed questionnaires after study enrollment (time 0 [T0]). Of the parents, 108 completed a questionnaire and 45 completed an interview following return of precision medicine results (time 1 [T1]). We analyzed the mixed‐methods data comprising measures exploring families’ perceptions and understanding of PRISM’s participant information sheet and consent form (PISCF), and factors associated with understanding.ResultsMost parents were satisfied with the PISCF, rating it as at least “somewhat” clearly presented (n = 160/175; 91%) and informative (n = 158/175; 90%). Many suggested improvements including the use of clearer language and a more visually engaging format. Parents’ actual understanding of precision medicine was low on average, but scores improved between T0 and T1 (55.8/100‐60.0/100;p = .012). Parents from culturally and/or linguistically diverse backgrounds (n = 42/177; 25%) had lower actual understanding scores than those from a Western/European background whose first language was English (p = .010). There was little correlation between parents’ perceived and actual understanding scores (p = .794; Pearson correlation –0.020; 95% CI, –0.169 to 0.116). Most adolescent patients read the PISCF either “briefly” or “not at all” (70%) and had a perceived understanding score of 63.6/100 on average.ConclusionsOur study revealed gaps in families’ understanding of childhood cancer precision medicine. We highlighted areas for potential intervention such as through targeted information resources.Plain Language SummaryPrecision medicine is projected to become part of the standard of care for children with cancer. Precision medicine aims to give the right treatment to the right patient and involves several complex techniques, many of which may be challenging to understand.Our study analyzed questionnaire and interview data from parents and adolescent patients enrolled in an Australian precision medicine trial.Findings revealed gaps in families’ understanding of childhood cancer precision medicine. Drawing on parents’ suggestions and the literature, we make brief recommendations about improving information provision to families, such as through targeted information resources.
Large‐scale validation study of an improved semiautonomous urine cytology assessment tool: AutoParis‐X
Authors: Levy Joshua J. , Chan Natt , Marotti Jonathan D. , Kerr Darcy A. , Gutmann Edward J. , Glass Ryan E. , Dodge Caroline P. , Suriawinata Arief A. , Christensen Brock C. , Liu Xiaoying , Vaickus Louis J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdopting a computational approach for the assessment of urine cytology specimens has the potential to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of bladder cancer screening, which has heretofore relied on semisubjective manual assessment methods. As rigorous, quantitative criteria and guidelines have been introduced for improving screening practices (e.g., The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology), algorithms to emulate semiautonomous diagnostic decision‐making have lagged behind, in part because of the complex and nuanced nature of urine cytology reporting.MethodsIn this study, the authors report on the development and large‐scale validation of a deep‐learning tool, AutoParis‐X, which can facilitate rapid, semiautonomous examination of urine cytology specimens.ResultsThe results of this large‐scale, retrospective validation study indicate that AutoParis‐X can accurately determine urothelial cell atypia and aggregate a wide variety of cell‐related and cluster‐related information across a slide to yield an atypia burden score, which correlates closely with overall specimen atypia and is predictive of Paris system diagnostic categories. Importantly, this approach accounts for challenges associated with the assessment of overlapping cell cluster borders, which improve the ability to predict specimen atypia and accurately estimate the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasm ratio for cells in these clusters.ConclusionsThe authors developed a publicly available, open‐source, interactive web application that features a simple, easy‐to‐use display for examining urine cytology whole‐slide images and determining the level of atypia in specific cells, flagging the most abnormal cells for pathologist review. The accuracy of AutoParis‐X (and other semiautomated digital pathology systems) indicates that these technologies are approaching clinical readiness and necessitates full evaluation of these algorithms in head‐to‐head clinical trials.
Compressible Navier‐Stokes equations with ripped density
Authors: Danchin Raphaël , Mucha Piotr BogusŁaw 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe are concerned with the Cauchy problem for the two‐dimensional compressible Navier‐Stokes equations supplemented with general H1 initial velocity and bounded initial density not necessarily strictly positive: it may be the characteristic function of any set, for instance. In the perfect gas case, we establish global‐in‐time existence and uniqueness, provided the volume (bulk) viscosity coefficient is large enough. For more general pressure laws (like e.g., with ), we still get global existence, but uniqueness remains an open question. As a by‐product of our results, we give a rigorous justification of the convergence to the inhomogeneous incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations when the bulk viscosity tends to infinity. In the three‐dimensional case, similar results are proved for short time without restriction on the viscosity, and for large time if the initial velocity field is small enough.
Valence Fluctuation of Uranium Ions in Uranium Sesquinitride Revealed by Dynamical Mean‐field Theory Merged with Density Functional Theory
Authors: Li Ru‐song , He Yu‐song , Cao Ze‐lin , Liu Zhi‐yong , Wang Yuan‐ming , Li Sheng , Xie Zheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe electronic properties, in particular, the occupation number of 5f electrons and the valence state of U ions in uranium sesquinitride (U2N3) are studied by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations merged with dynamical mean‐field theory (DMFT). The results demonstrate that j=5/2 and j=7/2 manifolds are in the weakly correlated metallic and weakly correlated insulating regimes, respectively. The quasi‐particle weights indicate that LS coupling scheme is more feasible for 5f electrons, which are not in the orbital‐selective localized state. The weighted summation of the occupation probabilities of 5fn (n=0,1,2,3,4) atomic configurations suggests that 5f electrons have the inter‐configuration fluctuation, or the mixed‐valence state for U ions, together with an average occupation number of 5f electrons n5f∼2.234, which is in good agreement with the electron localization function (ELF) and occupation analysis based on other DFT‐based calculations. The 5fn‐mixing‐driven inter‐configuration fluctuation might originate from the dual nature of 5f electrons, and the flexible electronic configuration of U ions. Finally, the so‐called quasiparticle band structure is also discussed.
Assessing the fertilizer and pesticide input needs of cool‐season turfgrass species
Authors: Braun Ross C. , Watkins Eric , Hollman Andrew B. , Patton Aaron J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProfessional turfgrass managers and consumers continue to express interest in low‐input turfgrasses; however, the potential reductions in maintenance inputs from “low‐input” turfgrasses are largely assumed and have not been well‐quantified. Over 3 years, replicated field experiments at Purdue University and the University of Minnesota quantified the performance and the amount of fertilizer and pesticide inputs of cool‐season turfgrass species when managed as variable‐input turfgrass systems. Fifteen turfgrass cultivars including eight cultivars across five taxa of fine fescue (Festuca spp.), two cultivars of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), four cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), and one perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) cultivar were investigated. Cultivars were selected to represent advances in breeding efforts. Plots received no irrigation after establishment and individual plots only received fertilizer or pesticide inputs from 2019 to 2021 if the turf in the plot exceeded or fell below a set threshold (i.e., too many pests or too low turf density). Monthly data collection and fertilizer and pesticide inputs were recorded for 3 years at each site. New fine fescue taxa cultivars provided consistently higher turf quality at both sites and required an average 56% and 41% fewer fertilizer and pesticide inputs than traditional species (tall fescue, Kentucky bluegrass, and perennial ryegrass) in Indiana and Minnesota, respectively. Compared to traditional species, older Festuca rubra ssp. cultivars reduced fertilizer and pesticide inputs by an average of 37% and 25% in Indiana and Minnesota, respectively. Fine fescue taxa, especially new cultivars, are good choices to reduce inputs and provide high turf quality for low‐input turfgrass systems.
Using perennial groundcover crops to suppress weeds and thrips in the southeast cotton belt
Authors: Billman Eric D. , Campbell Benjamin T. , Reay‐Jones Francis P. F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModern cotton production (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in the United States relies on chemical and physical inputs that increase the environmental and monetary costs of managing the crop. Perennial groundcover crops (PGCC) may reduce inputs by persisting in the interrow spaces of the cotton crop during summer months. A 2‐year field study was conducted in Florence, SC, to evaluate growing PGCCs with cotton using a 4 × 4 Latin square consisting of four cover crop treatments: (1) a fallow, unplanted control, (2) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) monoculture, (3) a binary red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) mixture, and (4) a trinary mixture of annual ryegrass, red clover, and white clover. Fallow and annual ryegrass treatments were killed with a burndown herbicide application, while treatments containing clovers were mowed. Plots were strip‐tilled and planted with cotton in May each year. Interrow biomass, weed and thrips populations, and perennial clover populations were collected from June to October along with annual lint yields from cotton harvest in October. Results indicated that interrow biomass (2000–3000 kg ha−1), weeds (20 weeds m−2), and thrips (five thrips per five plants−1) populations were lowest in treatments containing perennial clovers, but drought and heat stress reduced clover stands within two growing seasons. Lint yield was not affected by incorporating perennial clovers into the interrow spaces of the crop. Perennial groundcover crops may provide an effective alternative to chemical weed control in cotton, but necessitate management changes to be viable in the southeastern United States.
The role of training in implementing corporate sustainability: A systematic literature review
Authors: Sult Anike , Wobst Janice , Lueg Rainer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOur literature review synthesizes the ways in which training (of management and employees) affects the implementation of corporate sustainability (CS) in organizations. We structure the research field according to the determinants of, approaches to, and outcomes of training for CS. We explain current issues in this field and develop a research agenda. We conducted a systematic literature review starting with an initial sample of 1755 empirical studies. Based on their validity, relevance, and reliability, we selected and discussed the 67 seminal sources in this field. We find that several factors foster the use of training. Besides an intrinsic organizational interest in CS, regulation and stakeholder pressure encourage organizations to prioritize training. We identify multiple approaches to and applications of training. Training on CS may be focused or multifaceted, mandated or collaboratively‐driven, but it should always be closely aligned with structure and strategic goals, and must be regularly evaluated. The literature shows that such serious and well‐designed training is linked to better environmental, social, and economic performance. Our review is the first to address the role and application of training for CS. We contribute a synthesis of empirical evidence in the field, as well as a research agenda. We highlight that practice should not see CS training from the perspectives of compliance or greenwashing, but embrace the opportunity to create a thus far underestimated alignment with strategy and long‐term performance.
Seasonality of reproduction in an ever‐wet lowland tropical forest in Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Garwood Nancy C. , Metz Margaret R. , Queenborough Simon A. , Persson Viveca , Wright S. Joseph , Burslem David F. R. P. , Zambrano Milton , Valencia Renato 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFlowering and fruiting phenology have been infrequently studied in the ever‐wet hyperdiverse lowland forests of northwestern equatorial Amazonía. These Neotropical forests are typically called aseasonal with reference to climate because they are ever‐wet, and it is often assumed they are also aseasonal with respect to phenology. The physiological limits to plant reproduction imposed by water and light availability are difficult to disentangle in seasonal forests because these variables are often temporally correlated, and both are rarely studied together, challenging our understanding of their relative importance as drivers of reproduction. Here we report on the first long‐term study (18 years) of flowering and fruiting phenology in a diverse equatorial forest, Yasuní in eastern Ecuador, and the first to include a full suite of on‐site monthly climate data. Using twice monthly censuses of 200 traps and >1000 species, we determined whether reproduction at Yasuní is seasonal at the community and species levels and analyzed the relationships between environmental variables and phenology. We also tested the hypothesis that seasonality in phenology, if present, is driven primarily by irradiance. Both the community‐ and species‐level measures demonstrated strong reproductive seasonality at Yasuní. Flowering peaked in September–November and fruiting peaked in March–April, with a strong annual signal for both phenophases. Irradiance and rainfall were also highly seasonal, even though no month on average experienced drought (a month with <100 mm rainfall). Flowering was positively correlated with current or near‐current irradiance, supporting our hypothesis that the extra energy available during the period of peak irradiance drives the seasonality of flowering at Yasuní. As Yasuní is representative of lowland ever‐wet equatorial forests of northwestern Amazonía, we expect that reproductive phenology will be strongly seasonal throughout this region.
Mortality rate after coronary revascularization in heart failure patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Nader Vanessa , Matta Anthony , Kang Ryeonshi , Deney Antoine , Azar Rania , Rouzaud‐Laborde Charlotte , Kunduzova Oxana , Itier Romain , Fournier Pauline , Galinier Michel , Carrié Didier , Roncalli Jerome 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cause of heart failure (HF). It remains unclear who, when and why to direct towards coronary revascularization. The outcomes of coronary revascularization in HF patients are still a matter of debate nowadays. This study aims to evaluate the effect of revascularization strategy on all‐cause of death in the context of ischaemic HF.Methods and resultsAn observational cohort was conducted on 692 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography at the University Hospital of Toulouse between January 2018 and December 2021 for either a recent diagnosis of HF or a decompensated chronic HF, and in whom coronary angiograms showed at least 50% obstructive coronary lesion. The study population was divided into two groups according to the performance or not of a coronary revascularization procedure. The living status (alive or dead) of each of the study's participants was observed by April 2022. Seventy‐three per cent of the study population underwent coronary revascularization either by percutaneous coronary intervention (66.6%) or coronary artery bypass grafting (6.2%). Baseline characteristics including age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors did not differ between the invasive and conservative groups, respectively. Death occurred in 162 study participants resulting in an all‐cause mortality rate of 23.5%; 26.7% of observed deaths have occurred in the conservative group versus 22.2% in the invasive group (P = 0.208). No difference in survival outcomes has been observed over a mean follow‐up period of 2.5 years (P = 0.140) even after stratification by HF categories (P = 0.132) or revascularization modalities (P = 0.366).ConclusionsFindings from the present study showed comparable all‐cause mortality rates between groups. Coronary revascularization does not modify short‐term survival outcomes in HF patients compared with optimal medical therapy alone outside the setting of acute coronary syndrome.
Global longitudinal strain predicts clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Brann Alison , Miller James , Eshraghian Emily , Park Jin Joo , Greenberg Barry 
Published: June 2023

AimsPatients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are at high risk for hospitalization and mortality and many of these patients experience a deterioration in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) over time. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive marker of myocardial dysfunction that could help predict risk for future events in this population. We assessed whether GLS can predict adverse clinical outcomes and future deterioration in LVEF in patients with HFpEF.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients with HFpEF were divided into groups according to abnormal GLS (>−15.8%) or normal GLS (<−15.8%).The primary outcomes were: a composite of cardiovascular mortality or heart failure hospitalization and deterioration in LVEF to <40%. Among the 311 patients with HFpEF, 128 patients (41%) had normal GLS and 183 patients (59%) had abnormal GLS. After a median follow‐up of 4.6 years, the composite outcome occurred more commonly in patients with abnormal GLS compared to patients with normal GLS (62% vs. 44%; hazard ratio [HR] 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2.4, p < 0.001). Patients with abnormal GLS were also more likely to experience a deterioration in LVEF (19% vs. 10%; HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.3, p = 0.018). When assessed as a continuous variable, each 1% increase in GLS was associated with 10% increased odds for the composite outcome and 13% increased odds for deterioration in LVEF.ConclusionIn patients with HFpEF, abnormal GLS is common and is a strong predictor for clinical events and future deterioration in LVEF.
Chiral‐at‐Molybdenum – A Computational Study on N‐Substituted cis‐MoO2(nacnac)2
Authors: Dhimba George , Muller Alfred , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCis‐MoO2(nacnac)2 (nacnac=β‐diketiminate) can be a viable chiral‐at‐metal catalyst when its two β‐diketiminate (nacnac) ligands are N‐substituted to prevent Λ⇌Δ racemization. Even simple methyl groups raise the barriers for racemization significantly for the Bailar, Rây‐Dutt, Conte‐Hippler, and Dhimba‐Muller‐Lammertsma (DML) twists to a respectable 28.5, 37.8, 30.5, and 25.1 kcal/mol, respectively, at ωB97X‐D/6‐311+G(2d,p) (LANL2DZ for Mo) including acetonitrile solvation. The lowest energy DML barrier increases to ΔGo=27.4 kcal/mol with N‐substituted t‐butyl groups. The nacnac ligands’ electronic and steric components to the racemization barriers are discussed.
Determination of acidity constants of pyridines, imidazoles, and oximes by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Hajduk Anna , Ulrich Nadin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe acidity constant in the form of pKa is one of the most important physicochemical quantities. There are prediction tools available for calculating the pKa, but they only deliver precise calculated values for a relatively small set of chemicals. For complex structures with multiple functional groups in particular, the error in the predicted pKa is high due to the application domain of the corresponding models. Thus, we aim to enlarge the dataset of experimentally determined pKa values using capillary electrophoresis. We, therefore, selected various pyridines, imidazoles, and oximes to determine the pKa values using the internal standard approach and the classical method. Especially oximes were not investigated in the past, and predictions for them include larger errors. Thus, our experimentally determined values could contribute to an improved understanding of various functional groups impacting the pKa values and serve as additional datasets to develop improved pKa prediction tools.