bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The network structure of posttraumatic stress symptoms in war‐affected children and adolescents
Authors: Scharpf Florian , Saupe Laura , Crombach Anselm , Haer Roos , Ibrahim Hawkar , Neuner Frank , Peltonen Kirsi , Qouta Samir , Saile Regina , Hecker Tobias 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether findings from previous network analyses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among children and adolescents are generalizable to youth living in war‐torn settings and whether there are differences in the structure and connectivity of symptoms between children and adolescents. This study examined the network structure of PTSD symptoms in a sample of war‐affected youth and compared the symptom networks of children and adolescents.MethodsThe overall sample comprised 2007 youth (6–18 years old) living in Burundi, Democratic Republic of Congo, Iraq, Palestine, Tanzania, and Uganda amid or close to war and armed conflict. Youth reported their PTSD symptoms using a self‐report questionnaire in Palestine and structured clinical interviews in all other countries. We computed the networks of the overall sample and of two sub‐samples of 412 children (6–12 years) and 473 adolescents (13–18 years) and compared the structure and global connectivity of symptoms among children and adolescents.ResultsIn both the overall sample and the sub‐samples, re‐experiencing and avoidance symptoms were most strongly connected. The adolescents' network had a higher global connectivity of symptoms than the children's network. Hyperarousal symptoms and intrusions were more strongly connected among adolescents compared to children.ConclusionThe findings lend support to a universal concept of PTSD among youth characterized by core deficits in fear processing and emotion regulation. However, different symptoms may be particularly important in different developmental stages, with avoidance and dissociative symptoms dominating in childhood and intrusions and hypervigilance gaining importance in adolescence. Stronger symptom connections may render adolescents more vulnerable to the persistence of symptoms.
Efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) for COVID‐19: A rapid review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Amani Behnam , Amani Bahman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, medRxiv, and Google Scholar were searched to identify the relevant evidence up to November 10, 2022. The reference lists of key studies were also scanned to find additional records. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane tools for assessing the risk of bias. The Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software version 3.0 was employed for data analysis. Twenty‐three studies involving 314 353 patients were included in the analysis. The findings of the meta‐analysis showed a significant difference between the Paxlovid and no‐Paxlovid groups in terms of mortality rate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–0.45), hospitalization rate (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.24–0.69), polymerase chain reaction negative conversion time (mean difference [MD] = −2.46; 95% CI: −4.31 to −0.61), and hospitalization or death rate (OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.06–0.46). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of COVID‐19 rebound (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.67–1.04), emergency department visit (OR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.45–1.24), intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13–1.01), and adverse events (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 0.42–11.47). The results of the present study support the efficacy and safety of Paxlovid in the treatment of patients with COVID‐19. Further research is needed to investigate the COVID‐19 rebound after Paxlovid treatment.
The Relationship between Creativity and Attitudes toward Intergroup Conflicts
Authors: Fahoum Nardine , Pick Hadas , Rainer Shenhav , Zoabi Dana , Han Shihui , Shamay‐Tsoory Simone 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe maintenance and escalation of intergroup conflicts have been explained by negative emotions and attitudes toward outgroup members. Considering that creative cognition entails the ability to generate diverse and new ideas, we sought to investigate whether creativity may contribute to overcoming negative emotions and attitudes associated with intergroup conflicts. Therefore, we examined whether individual differences in creativity predict conflict‐related emotions and attitudes in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. To that end, we recruited Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs who identify themselves as Palestinian and administered the Torrance task of divergent thinking to assess the levels of originality and flexibility of participants. We also measured outgroup‐targeted emotions and attitudes toward the conflict. Results indicate that participants who demonstrate higher levels of original thinking, on average, reported higher levels of positive emotions toward outgroup members and were more supportive of conciliatory attitudes toward the conflict. Moreover, these associations were more evident among Israelis than among Palestinians. Finally, a mediation analysis demonstrated that originality predicts conciliatory attitudes through an increase in positive emotions and a decrease in negative emotions toward outgroup members. This relationship was not moderated by nationality. These findings suggest that interventions based on creativity training may be beneficial to encourage reconciliation.
Plant–soil feedback plays an important role in the progression of plant community succession
Authors: Qu Qing , Xu Hongwei , Wang Minggang , Liu Guobin , Xue Sha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundStudying plant–soil feedback (PSF) is of great significance to understanding plant community dynamics.AimsWe aimed to determine the temporal variation in PSF at different stages of grassland community succession and the influencing factors.MethodsWe conducted a 3‐year experiment to examine how PSF changes during different successional stages (early‐, mid‐ and late‐). Setaria viridis, Stipa bungeana and Bothriochloa ischaemum were selected as representative and dominant early‐, mid‐ and late‐species, respectively, in the semiarid grassland of the Loess Plateau, China.ResultsThe temporal variation in the PSF pattern was found to be species‐specific. Negative and neutral PSF patterns in early‐ and mid‐species, respectively, were found within the 3‐year growth periods. A positive PSF pattern for late‐species was found in the second growth period, and a negative PSF pattern was found in the third growth period. The shoot biomass of early‐species was overall positively correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activity in the soil of the three species. However, the shoot biomass of late‐species was overall negatively correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activity in early‐species soil.ConclusionsWe suggest that the negative PSF of early‐species over the growing period explains why the advantage of these early colonizers is temporary. In contrast, the positive PSF of late‐species likely contributes to their successful colonization and the entire community succession process. Our results indicated that PSF plays an important role in the progression of plant community succession.
Infrared‐assisted spouted bed drying of Chinese yam cubes: effect of constant and variable temperature drying processes on drying behavior, uniformity, and quality attributes
Authors: Li Linlin , Pan Hong , Chen Junliang , Cao Weiwei , Liu Wenchao , Duan Xu , Ren Guangyue 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundInfrared‐assisted spouted bed drying (IRSBD) is an innovative hybrid drying technology based on infrared drying and spouted bed drying, which has the advantages of higher drying efficiency and better uniformity. Temperature is an important process parameter that affects drying characteristics and product quality. Considering the overall quality of the product, drying at a constant temperature may not be the best solution. However, there is a lack of research on dynamically varying drying schemes. In this study, the effects of constant and variable temperature drying processes on the drying characteristics, uniformity, energy consumption, and quality of Chinese yams were evaluated.ResultsThe shortest drying time and lowest energy consumption were obtained by IRSBD at 70 °C, followed by staged rising temperature drying (SRTD). However, SRTD achieved the best drying uniformity. The Peleg model could describe the dehydration kinetics of dried yams well (R2 > 0.99). A high drying temperature (70 °C) favored the preservation of bioactive compounds (polyphenols and flavonoids) and gave the best antioxidant activity and equilibrium rehydration ratio of dried yams but resulted in poor color. Samples dried with SRTD showed comparable good antioxidant activity and better color than those dried at 70 °C.ConclusionA reasonable variable temperature drying scheme using IRSBD is considered to be better when considering the drying performance and overall quality of the products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hand‐sewn direct repair versus resection and hand‐sewn anastomosis techniques for the reversal of diverting loop ileostomy after lower anterior rectal resection surgery: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Keramati Mohammad Reza , Meshkati Yazd Seyed Mostafa , Shahriarirad Reza , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Mohsen , Kazemeini Alireza , Behboudi Behnam , Fazeli Mohammad Sadegh , Keshvari Amir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionSeveral techniques have been proposed for the closure of loop ileostomy. This is the first study comparing bowel function and outcomes of two different hand‐sewn surgical techniques used for the closure of diverting protective loop ileostomy.MethodIn this prospective, randomized, double‐blind clinical trial, 40 patients with a history of rectal cancer, low anterior resection, and diverting loop ileostomy who were candidates for ileostomy reversal were included and randomly assigned into two groups, hand‐sewn direct repair of the ileal defect (group A) and resection and hand‐sewn anastomosis of the ileum (group B).ResultsThe mean age of patients was 56.42 and 52.10 years in groups A and B, respectively. Regarding early postoperative period, group A developed earlier first gas passage (1.68 vs. 2.25 days, p = 0.041) and stool passage (2.10 vs. 2.80 days, p = 0.032). Group A also revealed shorter operating time (83.68 vs. 89.50 min, p = 0.040) and hospital stay (4.73 vs. 6.80 days, p = 0.001). None of the participants in both groups developed signs of bowel obstruction during the early and late postoperative follow‐up period.ConclusionsDirect hand‐sewn repair for the closure of diverting loop ileostomy is a safe technique with better postoperative bowel function, oral diet tolerance, and less hospital stay compared to resection and hand‐sewn anastomosis of the ileum.
Pre‐resection Intraoperative Core Biopsies in Oral Tongue Cancer—A Pilot Study
Authors: Warshavsky Anton , Dorman Alexandra , Carmel‐Neiderman Narin Nard , Leider‐Trejo Leonora , Muhanna Nidal , Kampel Liyona , Ianculovici Clariel , Horowitz Gilad 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo assess a novel intraoperative core biopsy technique to provide enhanced guidance in partial glossectomies.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue were eligible for study participation. Following anesthesia, the planned resection and three points midway between the gross tumor and the intended ablation were marked. A core biopsy was performed with a needle spring on each point and sent for frozen sections. The initially planned resection was executed if the cores returned free of tumor. In case of a positive core biopsy, a new 1–1.5 cm margin was marked around that point. The main outcome measure was the closest final margin diameter, especially the deep ones. Other outcome measures were the core biopsies' sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value. Complications were recorded.ResultsThe final margins of 10 patients undergoing intraoperative core biopsies and 20 matched controls were analyzed. One patient had two positive cores and final negative margins after modifying the resection accordingly. Another patient had a positive biopsy diagnosed only on final pathology, and one close final margin. Patients that were operated with the new technique had larger margins compared to the controls: median (interquartile range) closest margin 5.95 (3.97; 9.63) mm versus 4 (2.25; 5) mm (p = 0.074) and median deep margin 8.6 (6.16; 10) mm versus 5 (3;10) mm (p = 0.411), respectively. There were no complications.ConclusionA novel pre‐resection intraoperative biopsy technique is presented. Core biopsies taken during glossectomies have the potential to prevent inadequate margins.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2232–2236, 2023
Deep soil water depletion and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen accumulation in a long‐term alfalfa pasture
Authors: Wang Li , Ali Gulnazar , Wang Zikui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDeep soil resources are essential for improving the production and ecological functions of dryland ecosystems. Relationships between deep soil water depletion and carbon and nitrogen accumulation in long‐term dryland pastures were not well quantified and understood. This study aimed to quantify the changes in deep soil water, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total nitrogen (TN) in alfalfa pasture and identify their relationships with root density. We conducted a field experiment in the south Loess Plateau in 2020 and 2021. Soil water, SOC, and TN contents and alfalfa root length density to 1000‐cm‐depth were measured in alfalfa pastures and annual crop reference fields. Soil water depletion by alfalfa mainly occurred in the first 6 years with a depletion rate of 41.6, 49.1, and 62.1 mm yr−1 in the shallow (0–200 cm), middle (200–500 cm) and deep (500–1000 cm) soil layers, respectively. Total depletion after 6 and 19 years were 916.8 and 1049.4 mm, respectively. SOC and TN storages in the shallow and middle layers continuously increased and peaked at 19 years after planting, and those in the deep soil increased quickly in the early ages but showed few changes in the following years. Final SOC and TN storages in the 0–1000 cm profile in alfalfa pasture reached 61.1 and 5.4 kg m−2, respectively, 13.7% and 20.4% higher than the reference field. Soil in 200–1000 cm contributed to 60.7% and 47.8% of the total SOC and TN storage increments, respectively. The deep rooting system of alfalfa derived soil water depletion and SOC and TN increments, as indicated by the significant relationships between fine root length density and the changes in soil water, SOC and TN storages. Therefore, the deep soil contributed substantially to the carbon and nitrogen sequestration in alfalfa early ages but the contribution was limited by water shortage in the middle and late ages. We suggest stopping alfalfa early (≤6 years) to increase water sustainability and maintain carbon and nitrogen sequestration efficiencies in the alfalfa pasture and crop rotation system on Loess Plateau.
Enhanced ester (MIL‐PRF‐23699G) gas turbine engine lubricant degradation withVIM VAR M50bearings
Authors: Trivedi Hitesh K. , Gerardi David T. , Toth Douglas K. , Girouard Ruth F. , Hellman Patrick T. , Givan Garry D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPolyol‐ester lubricants have been used and developed for aviation gas turbine engines for many decades. The newest MIL‐PRF‐23699 lubricant class, called enhanced ester (EE), provides the best combination of thermal stability, load carrying capability, boundary lubrication and compatibility with fluoroelastomer O‐rings. Two candidate EE Class formulations and one high thermal stability class formulation conforming to MIL‐PRF‐23699G were evaluated for oil degradation with up to 3000 h of bearing operation. Lubricant degradation was studied using VIM VAR M50 bearings with M50 and silicon nitride balls under two operating conditions using two bearing test rigs. Oil degradation in terms of oxidation time, total acid number and viscosity was studied as a function of time with varying results for the three lubricants.
Mapping brand community research from 2001 to 2021: Assessing the field's stage of development and a research agenda
Authors: Veloutsou Cleopatra , Liao Junyun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSince the first paper on brand communities published in 2001, academic research on the area has accumulated substantially. To gain insight into the status and dynamics of this field, this study draws data from the Scopus database and uses bibliometrics and systematic review to analyse this body of knowledge and assess its stage of development. The results show that brand community research is rapidly growing and dynamic, attracting attention from an increasing number of scholars and journals. Most output originates from the United States and China, and adopts a survey approach. Prominent field topics include social media‐based brand community, the impact of brand community on brand relationship, consumer behavior and brand management, and brand engagement. This research concludes that brand community research is in the late growth or early maturity stage in most aspects, and discusses the future research directions that can benefit the area.
The soliton solutions for the (4 + 1)‐dimensional stochastic Fokas equation
Authors: Mohammed Wael W. , Cesarano Clemente 
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we look at the (4 + 1)‐dimensional stochastic Fokas equation (SFE) perturbed in the Itô sense by white noise. The tanh‐coth method and mapping method are used to acquire new trigonometric, hyperbolic, elliptic, and rational stochastic solutions. Also, we extend some earlier studies. Because the SFE equation is essential for describing different phenomena in ocean engineering, fluid mechanics and optics, the solutions obtained are useful in interpreting certain fascinating physical phenomena. To demonstrate how the multiplicative white noise affects the exact solutions of the SFE, we plot our figures in MATLAB and show several 3D graphical representations. We demonstrate how the solutions of SFE are stabilized by multiplicative white noise.
PUNDIT: Pulmonary nodule detection with image category transformation
Authors: Zhao Wangyuan , Ma Jingchen , Zhao Lu , Hou Runping , Qiu Lu , Fu Xiaolong , Zhao Jun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundConvolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved great success in pulmonary nodules detection, which plays an important role in lung cancer screening.PurposeIn this paper, we proposed a novel strategy for pulmonary nodule detection by learning it from a harder task, which was to transform nodule images into normal images. We named this strategy as pulmonary nodule detection with image category transformation (PUNDIT).MethodsThere were two steps for nodules detection, nodule candidate detection and false positive (FP) reduction. In nodule candidate detection step, a segmentation‐based framework was built for detection. We designed an image category transformation (ICT) task to translate nodule images into pixel‐to‐pixel normal images and share the information of detection and transformation tasks by multitask learning. As for references of transformation tasks, we proposed background consistency losses into standard cycle‐consistent adversarial networks, which can solve the problem of background uncontrolled changing. A three‐dimensional network was used in FP reduction step.ResultsPUNDIT was evaluated in two datasets, cancer screening dataset (CSD) with 1186 nodules for cross‐validation and (CTD) with 3668 nodules for external test. Results were mainly evaluated by competition performance metric (CPM), the average sensitivity at seven predefined FP rates. The CPM was improved from 0.906 to 0.931 in CSD, and from 0.835 to 0.848 in CTD.ConclusionsExperimental results showed that PUNDIT can improve the performance of pulmonary nodules detection effectively.
Previous infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 impacts embryo morphokinetics but not clinical outcomes in a time‐lapse imaging system
Authors: Braga Daniela P. A. F. , Setti Amanda S. , Iaconelli Assumpto , Borges Edson 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe goal for the present study was to investigate whether previous infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) may compromise embryo morphokinetics and implantation. For that, a historical cohort study was performed in a private university‐affiliated in vitro fertilization center. The study included 1628 embryos from 88 patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles. Patients were age‐matched in a 1:3 ratio to either a coronavirus disease (COVID) group, including patients with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin test (n = 22 patients, 386 embryos), or a control group, including patients with a negative SARS‐CoV‐2 immunoglobulin test (n = 66, 1242 embryos). The effect of previous infection with SARS‐CoV‐2 on morphokinetic events and ICSI outcomes was evaluated. Embryos derived from patients in the COVID group presented longer time to pronuclei appearance and fading, time to form two, three, four and five cells, and time to blastulation. The durations of the third cell cycle and to time to complete synchronous divisions were also significantly increased in the COVID group compared with the control group, whereas known implantation diagnosis score Day 5 ranked significantly lower in the COVID group. No differences were observed between the COVID and control groups on clinical outcomes. In conclusion, patients planning parenthood, who have recovered from COVID‐19 infection, must be aware of a possible effect of the infection on embryo development potential.
Inter‐ and intravisit repeatability of free‐breathing MRI in pediatric cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Munidasa Samal , Zanette Brandon , Couch Marcus , Grimm Robert , Seethamraju Ravi , Dumas Marie‐Pier , Wee Wallace , Au Jacky , Braganza Sharon , Li Daniel , Woods Jason , Ratjen Felix , Santyr Giles 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the intra‐ and interscan repeatability of free‐breathing phase‐resolved functional lung (PREFUL) MRI in stable pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease in comparison to static breath‐hold hyperpolarized 129‐xenon MRI (Xe‐MRI) and pulmonary function tests.MethodsFree‐breathing 1‐hydrogen MRI and Xe‐MRI were acquired from 15 stable pediatric CF patients and seven healthy age‐matched participants on two visits, 1 month apart. Same‐visit MRI scans were also performed on a subgroup of the CF patients. Following the PREFUL algorithm, regional ventilation (RVent) and regional flow volume loop cross‐correlation maps were determined from the free‐breathing data. Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) was determined from RVent maps (VDPRVent), regional flow volume loop cross‐correlation maps (VDPCC), VDPRVent ∪ VDPCC, and multi‐slice Xe‐MRI. Repeatability was evaluated using Bland–Altman analysis, coefficient of repeatability (CR), and intraclass correlation.ResultsMinimal bias and no significant differences were reported for all PREFUL MRI and Xe‐MRI VDP parameters between intra‐ and intervisits (all P > 0.05). Repeatability of VDPRVent, VDPCC, VDPRVent ∪ VDPCC, and multi‐slice Xe‐MRI were lower between the two‐visit scans (CR = 14.81%, 15.36%, 16.19%, and 9.32%, respectively) in comparison to the same‐day scans (CR = 3.38%, 2.90%, 1.90%, and 3.92%, respectively). pulmonary function tests showed high interscan repeatability relative to PREFUL MRI and Xe‐MRI.ConclusionPREFUL MRI, similar to Xe‐MRI, showed high intravisit repeatability but moderate intervisit repeatability in CF, which may be due to inherent disease instability, even in stable patients. Thus, PREFUL MRI may be considered a suitable outcome measure for future treatment response studies.