bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Technoeconomic Model Coupled with HYSYS to Analyze the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethanol
Authors: Pickett Isabelle , Vo Trang (Tracy) , Wu Ho Yan , Expósito Antonio José 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis research develops a technoeconomic analysis to study the profitability of ethanol production from CO2 electroreduction. A HYSYS simulation is used to calculate the separation costs, a challenge in previous models available in literature. The profitability of a 10 000 kg per day CO2 electroreduction plant to produce ethanol is studied. An optimization of the pressure swing adsorber and distillation tower, which greatly influence the total cost of the plant (≈20% of total cost), is carried out, obtaining a total cost of separation of £1.94106. The study demonstrates that reducing the voltage applied to values around 0.5 V, i.e., by increasing the pH up to 12 makes the process economically feasible with a current density over 15 mA cm−2. It also shows that the process is economically feasible using a current density of 5 mA cm−2 if the electricity cost from renewable sources drops to 2.010−2 £ kWh−1. Finally, it is proved that if catalyst stability is not considered, some catalysts currently available in the literature can be used with a positive economic income. The results of this research show that the industrial electroreduction of ethanol can be feasible and can attract interest in the industrial adoption of the technology.
Hybrid Perovskite‐Based Flexible and Stable Memristor by Complete Solution Process for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Patel Mansi , Kumbhar Dhananjay D. , Gosai Jeny , Sekhar Muddam Raja , Mallajosyula Arun Tej , Solanki Ankur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe limits of transistor scaling and digital architectures are encouraging research into new electronic materials, devices, and systems to meet growing computing demands. In the realm of artificial intelligence, mimicking brain activity for neuromorphic computing is a promising approach. Herein, Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskite‐based flexible and environmentally stable memristors are presented that achieve on‐demand resistive switching between several nonvolatile states by controlling the number of layers and compliance current (CC). The optimal flexible perovskite device based on n = 5 composition, fabricated by complete solution process and measured under ambient conditions without any encapsulation, shows excellent ON/OFF ratio ≈7 × 103, endurance performance (2500 cycles), and robustness to mechanical flexure up to 5 mm bending radii. The role of the physical/chemical reaction at the perovskite–electrode interface is investigated to reveal the origin of the resistive switching in these devices. The primary probing on synaptic characteristics shows stable learning (potentiation and depression) behavior measured up to 19 000 pulses. The invariant paired pulse facilitation index on flat and 5 mm bending radii demonstrates their feasibility for neuromorphic computing applications. The in‐depth analysis also validates the potential of RP‐based memristor devices for applications that require real‐time synaptic processing under extreme mechanical states such as electronic skins.
A Two‐Terminal Optoelectronic Synapses Array Based on the ZnO/Al2O3/CdS Heterojunction with Strain‐Modulated Synaptic Weight
Authors: Han Xun , Zhang Yufei , Huo Zhihao , Wang Xiandi , Hu Guofeng , Xu Zhangsheng , Lu Hui , Lu Qiuchun , Sun Xidi , Qiu Li , Yan Peiguang , Pan Caofeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractArtificial optoelectronic synapses with flexibly regulated synaptic weight are crucial to the rapidly evolved artificial visual system. Although three‐terminal devices with transistor geometry have exhibited controllable synaptic response through applying electrical pulses on the gate terminal, the complicated device structure limits its integration with array configurations. In this work, a simple two‐terminal optoelectronic synapses array based on the ZnO/Al2O3/CdS heterojunction with tunable synaptic weight is presented. It can respond to UV and green light stimulation in a neuromorphic manner, allowing the implementation of the basic synaptic function. By introducing the piezo‐phototronic effect, the synaptic weight can be regulated in multilevels, extending the forgetting time by 30.08% and reducing training epochs for image recognition by 36.13%. In addition, the device can extract the target image from massive noisy optical inputs avoiding redundant data memorization. This work provides a novel method to regulate the synaptic weight of the simple two‐terminal device configuration through the piezo‐phototronic effect, showing potential applications for the mimicry of the human visual‐perception system.
Origin, Nature, and Location of Defects in PM6:Y6 Organic Solar Cells
Authors: van der Pol Tom P. A. , van Gorkom Bas T. , van Geel Wietse F. M. , Littmann Jibbe , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTargeted strategies to overcome defects in organic semiconductors require insight into their identity and origin. Here the formation, nature, and location of defects is studied in PM6:Y6 organic solar cells by sensitive EQE measurements. Exposure of the active layer to ambient atmosphere and H2O‐saturated compressed air indicates that a trace constituent in ambient air causes the formation of defects. By exposing the active layer to O3‐enriched air, O3 is identified as the species creating defects in PM6:Y6 blends. Aging of complete inverted (n–i–p) configuration solar cells in H2O‐saturated compressed air also increases the defect response. This is attributed to a reduced band bending at the PM6:Y6 | MoO3 hole‐collecting contact, caused by a change in work function of MoO3 interacting with the H2O, which allows more defect states to be filled and available for photoexcitation. By measuring energy resolved‐electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and by fabricating semitransparent cells, regular architecture cells, and semitransparent cells with an optical spacer−mirror stack it is found that defects originate predominantly from PM6 and are located near the top electrode, independent of device polarity. Because O3 is omnipresent in ambient atmosphere, albeit in small amounts, it likely causes defects in many organic semiconductors exposed to ambient air.
Effect of terminal bud clipping on growth and yield of soybean cultivars in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Torres Polet , Oronia Selina , Sheriff Obadiah , Kesoju Sandya R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is one of the four major staple crops and the world's most important vegetable protein source. Very little information is available on the performance, yield, and cultivars of soybean when choosing a cultivar to grow in Pacific Northwest (PNW). Of the oilseed crops, soybean appears to have the best potential to be grown at a profit (high yields) in PNW when considering the high input costs for irrigated crops. The present study was conducted to determine if terminal bud clipping would increase yields of soybean cultivars under irrigated conditions in 2‐year field experiments. Five soybean cultivars were planted in four‐row plots with rows 0.13 m apart. Plots were replicated four times with two treatments (early clipping and late clipping) and control in a randomized complete block design. Data regarding yield and growth traits were recorded using standard procedure. Soybean yield was significantly influenced by the year of production and terminal bud clipping, whereas cultivars showed no effect. Early and late clipping resulted in a 15% and 18% increase in yields in 2018, whereas late clipping resulted in a 16% yield increase in 2019 compared to control. Terminal bud clipping resulted in shorter plants and reduced lowest pod height, lodging, and maturity compared with the control. Lodging and maturity decreased with late‐maturing cultivars. Finally, results suggest that terminal bud clipping increases soybean yields. Early maturing cultivars (maturity group 0.4) are unsuitable for PNW due to the lowest pod height.
Plastid phylogenomics and molecular evolution of Thismiaceae (Dioscoreales)
Authors: Garrett Natalie , Viruel Juan , Klimpert Nathaniel , Soto Gomez Marybel , Lam Vivienne K. Y. , Merckx Vincent S. F. T. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPremiseSpecies in Thismiaceae can no longer photosynthesize and instead obtain carbon from soil fungi. Here we infer Thismiaceae phylogeny using plastid genome data and characterize the molecular evolution of this genome.MethodsWe assembled five Thismiaceae plastid genomes from genome skimming data, adding to previously published data for phylogenomic inference. We investigated plastid‐genome structural changes, considering locally colinear blocks (LCBs). We also characterized possible shifts in selection pressure in retained genes by considering changes in the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes (ω).ResultsThismiaceae experienced two major pulses of gene loss around the early diversification of the family, with subsequent scattered gene losses across descendent lineages. In addition to massive size reduction, Thismiaceae plastid genomes experienced occasional inversions, and there were likely two independent losses of the plastid inverted repeat (IR) region. Retained plastid genes remain under generally strong purifying selection (ω << 1), with significant and sporadic weakening or strengthening in several instances. The bifunctional trnE‐UUC gene of Thismia huangii may retain a secondary role in heme biosynthesis, despite a probable loss of functionality in protein translation. Several cis‐spliced group IIA introns have been retained, despite the loss of the plastid intron maturase, matK.ConclusionsWe infer that most gene losses in Thismiaceae occurred early and rapidly, following the initial loss of photosynthesis in its stem lineage. As a species‐rich, fully mycoheterotrophic lineage, Thismiaceae provide a model system for uncovering the unique and divergent ways in which plastid genomes evolve in heterotrophic plants.
Maternal–infant interaction quality is associated with child NR3C1 CpG site methylation at 7 years of age
Authors: Holdsworth Elizabeth A. , Schell Lawrence M. , Appleton Allison A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveInfancy is both a critical window for hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis development, and a sensitive period for social–emotional influences. We hypothesized that the social–emotional quality of maternal–infant interactions are associated with methylation of HPA‐axis gene NR3C1 later in childhood.MethodsUsing a subsample of 114 mother‐infant pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), linear regression models were created to predict variance in methylation of seven selected CpG sites from NR3C1 in whole blood at age 7 years, including the main predictor variable of the first principal component score of observed maternal–infant interaction quality (derived from the Thorpe Interaction Measure at 12 months of age) and covariates of cell‐type proportion, maternal financial difficulties and marital status at 8 months postnatal, child birthweight, and sex.ResultsCpG site cg27122725 methylation was negatively associated with warmer, more positive maternal interaction with her infant (β = 0.19, p = .02, q = 0.13). In sensitivity analyses, the second highest quartile of maternal behavior (neutral, hesitant behavior) was positively associated with cg12466613 methylation. The other five CpG sites were not significantly associated with maternal–infant interaction quality.ConclusionsNarrow individual variation of maternal interaction with her infant is associated with childhood methylation of two CpG sites on NR3C1 that may be particularly sensitive to environmental influences. Infancy may be a sensitive period for even small influences from the social–emotional environment on the epigenetic determinants of HPA‐axis function.
Identification of potentially zoonotic parasites in captive orangutans and semi‐captive mandrills: Phylogeny and morphological comparison
Authors: Nosková Eva , Modrý David , Baláž Vojtech , Červená Barbora , Jirků‐Pomajbíková Kateřina , Zechmeisterová Kristína , Leowski Clotilde , Petrželková Klára J. , Pšenková Ilona , Vodička Roman , Kessler Sharon E. , Ngoubangoye Barthélémy , Setchell Joanna M. , Pafčo Barbora 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCysts and trophozoites of vestibuliferid ciliates and larvae of Strongyloides were found in fecal samples from captive orangutans Pongo pygmaeus and P. abelii from Czech and Slovak zoological gardens. As comparative material, ciliates from semi‐captive mandrills Mandrillus sphinx from Gabon were included in the study. Phylogenetic analysis of the detected vestibuliferid ciliates using ITS1‐5.8s‐rRNA‐ITS2 and partial 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) revealed that the ciliates from orangutans are conspecific with Balantioides coli lineage A, while the ciliates from mandrills clustered with Buxtonella‐like ciliates from other primates. Morphological examination of the cysts and trophozoites using light microscopy did not reveal differences robust enough to identify the genera of the ciliates. Phylogenetic analysis of detected L1 larvae of Strongyloides using partial cox1 revealed Strongyloides stercoralis clustering within the cox1 lineage A infecting dogs, humans, and other primates. The sequences of 18S rDNA support these results. As both B. coli and S. stercoralis are zoonotic parasites and the conditions in captive and semi‐captive settings may facilitate transmission to humans, prophylactic measures should reflect the findings.
Zoo studies in primate physiology, health, and welfare
Authors: Edes Ashley N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearchers have been studying primates in zoos for more than half a century. There are numerous benefits to conducting research with zoo collections, such as access to a variety of species, ease of sample collection, and the potential to manipulate some research variables. While much of the primate research conducted in zoos is behavioral, there also is a tradition of research focused on reproduction and endocrinology, especially in North America. The contributions to this special issue exemplify how this tradition continues today through a collection of articles on basic and applied research on reproduction and using physiological measures of health and welfare that could be beneficial across primate taxa. As is the case for primatological research in zoos more broadly, the articles in this special issue reflect a taxonomic bias for great apes despite the high species diversity found across zoo collections. Given this bias as well as the threat of extinction faced by many species, there remains a pressing need to increase primatology in zoos through research dedicated to both conservation in the wild and wellbeing in human care.
Studying Regioisomer Formation in the Pd‐Catalyzed Fluorination of Cyclic Vinyl Triflates: Evidence for in situ Ligand Modification**
Authors: Ye Yuxuan , Kim Seoung‐Tae , King Ryan P. , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPd‐catalyzed nucleophilic fluorination reactions are important methods for the synthesis of fluoroarenes and fluoroalkenes. However, these reactions can generate a mixture of regioisomeric products that are often difficult to separate. While investigating the Pd‐catalyzed fluorination of cyclic vinyl triflates, we observed that the addition of a substoichiometric quantity of TESCF3 significantly improved the regioselectivity of the reaction. Herein, we report a combined experimental and computational study on the mechanism of this transformation focusing on the role of TESCF3. The poor regioselectivity of the reaction in the absence of additives results from the formation of LPd‐cyclohexyne complexes (L=biaryl monophosphine ligand). When TESCF3 is added to the reaction mixture, the generation of the Pd‐cyclohexyne complexes is diminished by an unexpected pathway involving the dearomatization of the ligand by nucleophilic attack from a trifluoromethyl anion (CF3−).
Solvent‐free Synthesis of Multi‐Module Pore‐Space‐Partitioned Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Gas Separation
Authors: Xiao Yuchen , Chen Yichong , Hong Anh N. , Bu Xianhui , Feng Pingyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMulti‐module design of framework materials with multiple distinct building blocks has attracted much attention because such materials are more amenable to compositional and geometrical tuning and thus offer more opportunities for property optimization. Few examples are known that use environmentally friendly and cost‐effective solvent‐free method to synthesize such materials. Here, we report the use of solvent‐free method (also modulator‐free) to synthesize a series of multi‐module MOFs with high stability and separation property for C2H2/CO2. The synthesis only requires simple mixing of reactants and short reaction time (2 h). Highly porous and stable materials can be made without any post‐synthetic activation. The success of solvent‐free synthesis of multi‐module MOFs reflects the synergy between different modules, resulting in stable pore‐partitioned materials, despite the fact that other competitive crystallization pathways with simpler framework compositions also exist.
Annealing in Argon Universally Upgrades the Na‐Storage Performance of Mn‐Based Layered Oxide Cathodes by Creating Bulk Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Jin Junteng , Liu Yongchang , Zhao Xudong , Liu Hui , Deng Shiqing , Shen Qiuyu , Hou Ying , Qi He , Xing Xianran , Jiao Lifang , Chen Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractManganese‐rich layered oxide cathodes of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are extremely promising for large‐scale energy storage owing to their high capacities and cost effectiveness, while the Jahn–Teller (J–T) distortion and low operating potential of Mn redox largely hinder their practical applications. Herein, we reveal that annealing in argon rather than conventional air is a universal strategy to comprehensively upgrade the Na‐storage performance of Mn‐based oxide cathodes. Bulk oxygen vacancies are introduced via this method, leading to reduced Mn valence, lowered Mn 3d‐orbital energy level, and formation of the new‐concept Mn domains. As a result, the energy density of the model P2‐Na0.75Mg0.25Mn0.75O2cathode increases by ≈50 % benefiting from the improved specific capacity and operating potential of Mn redox. The Mn domains can disrupt the cooperative J–T distortion, greatly promoting the cycling stability. This exciting finding opens a new avenue towards high‐performance Mn‐based oxide cathodes for SIBs.
Surfactant Directed Synthesis of Intrinsically Chiral Plasmonic Nanostructures and Precise Tuning of their Optical Activity through Controlled Self‐Assembly
Authors: Maniappan Sonia , Dutta Camelia , Solís Diego M. , Taboada José M. , Kumar Jatish 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFabrication and transmission of plasmonic chirality is a rapidly developing area of research. While nanoscale chirality is reasonably well explored, research on intrinsically chiral nanostructures, that has ramifications to origin of homochirality, is still in its infancy. Herein, we report the synthesis of dog‐bone shaped chiral gold nanostructures using a chiral cationic surfactant with excess ascorbic acid. Chiral growth is attributed to the specific binding and structure breaking ability of chiral surfactant and ascorbic acid. The controlled assembly of particles facilitated tuning and enhancement of chiral signals. Experimental observations were validated with theoretical simulations modelled in frequency domain with a surface integral‐equation parameterization. Work highlighting the generation and tuning of plasmonic chirality provides new insights into the understanding of intrinsic chirality and paves way for their application in enantioselective catalysis and biosensing.
Construction of renewable biomass cardanol functionalized spherical nanoparticles achieving favorable interfacial interaction and thermostability in styrene butadiene rubber matrix
Authors: Tang Bing , Chen Lijuan , Jia Zhixin , Kang Fan , Wang Jiayu , Guo Xiaohui , Jia Demin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo expand the application of natural resources in the green rubber industry and reduce the dependence of rubber additives on the non‐renewable petrochemical resources, a novel cardanol‐based natural rubber additive (silica‐s‐LPCGE) is prepared. Compared with the directly adding of silica and LPCGE, silica‐s‐LPCGE is assisted to form an effective interfacial interaction between the rubber matrix and the filler during rubber vulcanization by the immobilized LPCGE on silica surface, to improve the mechanical property and processability of styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR)/silica‐s‐LPCGE composites. Meanwhile, with the introduce of silica‐s‐LPCGE, the aging resistance and migration resistance of the SBR composites are also improved obviously. The preparation of this novel multifunctional supported natural biomass processing additive provides a new possibility for the preparation of green rubber additives.
Constructing Defective Heterojunctions of BiOBr Nanosheets and Hollow NH2‐functionalized MOFs for Visible‐light‐driven CO2 Reduction with Nearly 100% CO Selectivity by Pure H2O
Authors: Yang Menghan , Han Yali , Ding Junfang , Guo Yan , Han Chenhui , Gu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo rationally design photocatalysts with high generation rate and selectivity of target product remains an ongoing challenge for CO2 conversion in pure H2O. Herein, from the viewpoint of enhancing the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron‐hole pairs and the adsorption ability of CO2 molecule, we have constructed a series of Z‐scheme defective heterojunctions of BiOBr nanosheets and hollow NH2‐functionalized metal‐organic framework (MOF) MIL‐125 with Ti ions as metal centers (noted as NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti)). Systematic characterization demonstrates that the BiOBr nanosheets are anchored on the surface of hollow NH2‐MIL‐125(Ti), which facilitates the efficient visible‐light‐driven catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO with nearly 100% selectivity by pure H2O. Especially, the CO generation rate of optimized catalyst with oxygen vacancies reaches 459.7 μmol g−1 h−1, which is higher than those of all the previously reported photocatalysts without sacrificial reagents. This approach provides a new insight for using inorganic semiconductors to fabricate semiconducting MOFs for high‐efficiency photocatalytic reduction CO2 into value‐added chemicals by pure H2O.