bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Anchored Curved Carbon Surface for Efficient CO2 Electro‐Reduction with Nearly 100% CO Selectivity and Industrially‐Relevant Current Density
Authors: Wang Tianfu , Wang Jianghao , Lu Chenbao , Jiang Kaiyue , Yang Sen , Ren Zhouhong , Zhang Jichao , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei , Zhuang Xiaodong , Fu Jie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough single metal atoms on porous carbons (PCs) are widely used in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, these systems have long relied on flat graphene‐based models, which are far beyond reality because of abundant curved structures in PCs; the effect of curved surfaces has long been ignored. In addition, the selectivity generally decreases under high current density, which severely limits practical application. Herein, theoretical calculations reveal that a single‐Ni‐atom on a curved surface can simultaneously enhance the total density of states around Fermi level and decrease the energy barrier for *COOH formation, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. This work reports a rational molten salt approach for preparing PCs with ultra‐high specific surface area of up to 2635 m2 g−1. As determined by cutting‐edge techniques, a single Ni atom on a curved carbon surface is obtained and used as a catalyst for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The CO selectivity reaches up to 99.8% under industrial‐level current density of 400 mA cm−2, outperforming state‐of‐the‐art PC‐based catalysts. This work not only offers a new method for the rational synthesis of single atom catalysts with strained geometry to host rich active sites, but also provides in‐depth insights for the origin of catalytic activity of curved structure‐enriched PC‐based catalysts.
Large‐Area Gold‐Coated Polyamide Nanopillar Arrays Consisting of Secondary Lamellar Structures and Sub‐10‐nm Gaps for Ultrasensitive SERS Detection
Authors: Lin Yongxing , Qi Pengfei , Liu Jincheng , Zhuo Yizhi , Cai Cheng , Zhang Haibao , Li Xiangyang , Liu Xianglan , Chen Lin , Luo Sihai , Tian Xingyou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLarge‐area gold‐coated polyamide 66 (PA66) nanopillar (PA66NP@Au) arrays consisting of secondary lamellar structures and sub‐10–nm gaps are fabricated for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using ultrathin anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) template, solution‐phase growth of PA66 lamellae, and Au sputtering. Such closely packed PA66NP@Au arrays with high density of electromagnetic field enhancement (“hot spots”) on large area exhibit high SERS sensitivity for detection of rhodamine 6g (R6G) molecules with concentration down to 10−14 m and a large Raman analytical enhancement factor (AEF) of ≈1010. Furthermore, the as‐fabricated PA66NP@Au arrays provide highly sensitive Raman signals in detection of a commonly pesticide residue, carbendazim with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 mg L−1 (0.05 ppm), which is lower than that of maximum residue limit of 0.2 ppm allowed in Europe Union. The as‐fabricated PA66NP@Au arrays are promising for highly sensitive and uniform SERS detection.
Rational Design and Fabrication Method for Bioinspired Directional Droplet Sliding Surfaces
Authors: Kang Seong Min , An Joon Hyung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA rational design and fabrication method is proposed for fabricating polymeric directional droplet sliding surfaces inspired by butterfly wing microline arrays. The bioinspired structures are fabricated using a simple and well‐designed process that combines the conventional micro‐electromechanical system process with subsequent soft lithography. Three criteria to avoid fabrication errors during silicon mold production are suggested. The fabricated silicon master serves as a reliable and robust semi‐permanent mold for polymeric replication, resulting in bioinspired surfaces with high fidelity. The successfully fabricated bioinspired fabricated structure surface has a re‐entrant shape line structure and exhibits directional omniphobic properties while maintaining transparency. The fabricated surface is found to transport droplets in the direction where microlines are formed without wetting by various droplets, including water and oil. The results show that this surface can be applied to various fields. This study has implications for the development of artificial surfaces inspired by nature for various fields, including microfluidics, biotechnology, and energy‐harvesting devices.
Beyond diversity and inclusion: Developing a research agenda for anti‐racism in emergency medicine education
Authors: Ordonez Edgardo , Bradby Cassandra , Carey Jennifer , Gupta Sanjey , Hiller Katherine M. , Miller Danielle , Pierce Ava , Wiesendanger Kathryn , Moffett Shannon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAddressing racism in emergency medicine education is vital for providing optimal training and assessment of physicians in the specialty, developing physicians with the skills necessary to advocate for their patients, and recruiting and retaining a diverse group of physicians. To form a prioritized research agenda, the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) conducted a consensus conference at the annual meeting in May 2022 on addressing racism in emergency medicine, which included a subgroup on education.MethodsThe education workgroup worked on summarizing the current literature on addressing racism in emergency medicine education, identifying critical knowledge gaps, and creating a consensus‐driven research agenda for addressing racism in emergency medicine education. We used a nominal group technique and modified Delphi to develop priority questions for research. We then distributed a pre‐conference survey to conference registrants to rate priority areas for research. During the consensus conference, group leaders provided an overview and background describing the rationale for the preliminary research question list. Attendees were then involved in discussions to help modify and develop research questions.ResultsNineteen questions were initially selected by the education workgroup as potential areas for research. The education workgroup's next round of consensus building resulted in a consensus of ten questions to be included in the pre‐conference survey. No questions in the pre‐conference survey reached consensus. After robust discussion and voting by workgroup members and attendees at the consensus conference, six questions were determined to be priority research areas.ConclusionsWe believe recognizing and addressing racism in emergency medicine education is imperative. Critical gaps in curriculum design, assessment, bias training, allyship, and the learning environment negatively impact training programs. These gaps must be prioritized for research as they can have adverse effects on recruitment, the ability to promote a safe learning environment, patient care, and patient outcomes.
Reconceptualizing the emergency medicine resident scholarly requirement: Proposed framework and rubric
Authors: Pillow M. Tyson , Gottlieb Michael , Messman Anne , Hartman Nicholas D. , Tsyrulnik Alina , Barnes David , Lall Michelle D. , Sule Harsh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe completion of a scholarly project is a common program requirement by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for all residency training programs. However, the implementation can vary significantly between programs. Lack of generalizable standards for scholarly projects required of all trainees within ACGME‐accredited residencies has led to a large range of quality and effort put forth to complete these projects. Our goal is to introduce a framework and propose a corresponding rubric for application to resident scholarship to quantify and qualify the components of scholarship to better measure resident scholarly output across the graduate medical education (GME) continuum.MethodsEight experienced educators and members of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Education Committee were selected to explore the current scholarly project guidelines and propose a definition that can be universally applied to diverse training programs. Following a review of the current literature, the authors engaged in iterative, divergent, and convergent discussions via meetings and asynchronous dialogue to develop a framework and associated rubric.ResultsThe group proposes that emergency medicine (EM) resident scholarship should (1) involve a structured process, (2) generate outcomes, (3) be disseminated, and (4) be peer reviewed. These components of resident scholarly activity are achieved whether this is a single project encompassing all four domains, or multiple smaller projects that sum to the whole. To assist residency programs in assessing a given individual resident's achievement of the standards set forth, a rubric is proposed.ConclusionBased on current literature and consensus, we propose a framework and rubric for tracking of resident scholarly project achievement in an effort to elevate and advance EM scholarship. Future work should explore the optimal application of this framework and define minimal scholarship goals for EM resident scholarship.
The spectrum of hereditary neuromuscular disorders in the Pakistani population
Authors: Akbar Fizza , Saleem Shafaq Muhammad , Khalid Ehtesham , Ibrahim Shahnaz , Afroze Bushra , Kirmani Salman , Khan Sara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHereditary neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a broad group of clinically heterogeneous disorders with varying inheritance patterns, that are associated with over 500 implicated genes. In the context of a highly consanguineous Pakistani population, we expect that autosomal recessive NMDs may have a higher prevalence compared with patients of European descent. This is the first study to offer a detailed description of the spectrum of genes causing hereditary NMDs in the Pakistani population using NGS testing. To study the clinical and genetic profiles of patients presenting for evaluation of a hereditary neuromuscular disorder. This is a retrospective chart review of patients seen in the Neuromuscular Disorders Clinic and referred to the Genetics Clinic with a suspected hereditary neuromuscular disorder, between 2016 and 2020 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi and Mukhtiar A. Sheikh Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. The genetic testing for these patients included NGS‐based single gene sequencing, NGS‐based multi‐gene panel and whole exome sequencing. In a total of 112 patients studied, 35 (31.3%) were female. The mean age of onset in all patients was 14.6 years (SD ±12.1 years), with the average age at presentation to the clinic of 22.4 years (SD ±14.10 years). Forty‐seven (41.9%) patients had a positive genetic test result, 53 (47.3%) had one or more variants of uncertain significance (VUS), and 12 (10.7%) had a negative result. Upon further genotype–phenotype correlation and family segregation analysis, the diagnostic yield improved, with 59 (52.7%) patients reaching a diagnosis of a hereditary NMD. We also report probable founder variants in COL6A2, FKTN, GNE, and SGCB, previously reported in populations that have possible shared ancestry with the Pakistani population. Our findings reemphasizes that the rate of VUSs can be reduced by clinical correlation and family segregation studies.
Local cytokine levels associate with SNOT‐22 and UPSIT scores in chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Yu Sophie E. , Chiang Simon , Olonisakin Tolani F. , Moore John A. , Bergmark Regan W. , Maxfield Alice Z. , Roditi Rachel E. , Buchheit Kathleen M. , Lundberg Marie , Mitchell Margaret B. , Lee Stella E. 
Published: June 2023

Key points
Elevated IL‐5, IL‐13, IL‐33, and CCL2 correlate with lower UPSIT scores in CRS and AERD patients.
Elevated IL‐5, IL‐13, TNF‐α, CCL2, and CXCL‐8 correlate with higher SNOT‐22 scores in CRS and AERD patients.
Israeli medical faculties' response to the COVID‐19 crisis vis‐à‐vis anatomical education: The cultivation of future academic leadership—A national mixed‐methods study
Authors: Mesner Fireizen Shanee , Finkelstein Adi , Tsybulsky Dina , Yakov Gila , Marom Assaf 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 crisis created unprecedented conditions for the medical academic system that enable it to showcase the real value of learning approaches in anatomical education. In parallel, the ongoing reassessment of the role of dissection in medical training, given the huge advances in imaging technology and science education, continued. The present study investigates the response of the six Israeli medical faculties to the pandemic vis‐à‐vis anatomical education. We reached out to medical students studying anatomy at the time of the crisis (N = 311), advanced medical students working as anatomy instructors (N = 55), and deans and heads of anatomy departments (N = 6). Applying a mixed‐method approach, we used Likert scale questionnaires and held in‐depth interviews with faculty members. Our results indicate that Israeli medical faculties were committed to a dissection‐based anatomy curriculum and made substantial efforts to maintain it in the face of health restrictions. Students appreciated these efforts as this was their preferred learning method. Through a phenomenological analysis of interviews, we demonstrate how the crisis opened up a unique prism through which new insights into the debated role of dissection may be gleaned. Our analysis also reveals that anatomy instructors played a pivotal role in the crisis, not only because they carried out faculty policy, but especially because it gave them the opportunity to determine policy and show leadership. The crisis additionally enabled faculties to cultivate their leadership skills. Our research confirms donor body dissection as a mainstay of anatomical education and emphasizes its immeasurable value to the curriculum and future physicians.
A Bayesian record linkage model incorporating relational data
Authors: Sosa Juan , Rodríguez Abel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a novel Bayesian approach for linking multiple social networks in order to discover the same real world person having different accounts across networks. In particular, we develop a latent model that allows us to jointly characterize the network and linkage structures relying on both relational and profile data. In contrast to other existing approaches in the machine learning literature, our Bayesian implementation naturally provides uncertainty quantification via posterior probabilities for the linkage structure itself or any function of it. Our findings clearly suggest that our methodology can produce accurate point estimates of the linkage structure even in the absence of profile information, and also, in an identity resolution setting, our results confirm that including relational data into the matching process improves the linkage accuracy. We illustrate our methodology using real data from popular social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube.
Identification and analysis of autism spectrum disorder via large‐scale dynamic functional network connectivity
Authors: Zhuang Wenwen , Jia Hai , Liu Yunhong , Cong Jing , Chen Kai , Yao Dezhong , Kang Xiaodong , Xu Peng , Zhang Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with severe cognitive impairment. Several studies have reported that brain functional network connectivity (FNC) has great potential for identifying ASD from healthy control (HC) and revealing the relationships between the brain and behaviors of ASD. However, few studies have explored dynamic large‐scale FNC as a feature to identify individuals with ASD. This study used a time‐sliding window method to study the dynamic FNC (dFNC) on the resting‐state fMRI. To avoid arbitrarily determining the window length, we set a window length range of 10–75 TRs (TR = 2 s). We constructed linear support vector machine classifiers for all window length conditions. Using a nested 10‐fold cross‐validation framework, we obtained a grand average accuracy of 94.88% across window length conditions, which is higher than those reported in previous studies. In addition, we determined the optimal window length using the highest classification accuracy of 97.77%. Based on the optimal window length, we found that the dFNCs were located mainly in dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN and VAN) and exhibited the highest weight in classification. Specifically, we found that the dFNC between DAN and temporal orbitofrontal network (TOFN) was significantly negatively correlated with social scores of ASD. Finally, using the dFNCs with high classification weights as features, we construct a model to predict the clinical score of ASD. Overall, our findings demonstrated that the dFNC could be a potential biomarker to identify ASD and provide new perspectives to detect cognitive changes in ASD.
Mechanical properties of the brain: Focus on the essential role of Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction in the CNS
Authors: Zheng Qingcui , Liu Hailin , Yu Wen , Dong Yao , Zhou Lanqian , Deng Wenze , Hua Fuzhou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe brain is a highly mechanosensitive organ, and changes in the mechanical properties of brain tissue influence many physiological and pathological processes. Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1), a protein found in metazoans, is highly expressed in the brain and involved in sensing changes of the mechanical microenvironment. Numerous studies have shown that Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction is closely related to glial cell activation and neuronal function. However, the precise role of Piezo1 in the brain requires further elucidation.ObjectiveThis review first discusses the roles of Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction in regulating the functions of a variety of brain cells, and then briefly assesses the impact of Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction on the progression of brain dysfunctional disorders.ConclusionsMechanical signaling contributes significantly to brain function. Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction regulates processes such as neuronal differentiation, cell migration, axon guidance, neural regeneration, and oligodendrocyte axon myelination. Additionally, Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction plays significant roles in normal aging and brain injury, as well as the development of various brain diseases, including demyelinating diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and brain tumors. Investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms through which Piezo1‐mediated mechanotransduction affects brain function will give us a novel entry point for the diagnosis and treatment of numerous brain diseases.
Techniques for navigating postsurgical adhesions: Insights into mechanisms and future directions
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Tang Xiaoqi , Wang Ziyu , Perez Arielle , Yao Benjamin , Huang Ke , Zhang Yang , King Martin W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPostsurgical adhesions are a common complication of surgical procedures that can lead to postoperative pain, bowel obstruction, infertility, as well as complications with future procedures. Several agents have been developed to prevent adhesion formation, such as barriers, anti‐inflammatory and fibrinolytic agents. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of physical barrier agents, but they have been associated with conflicting clinical studies and controversy in the clinical utilization of anti‐adhesion barriers. In this review, we summarize the human anatomy of the peritoneum, the pathophysiology of adhesion formation, the current prevention agents, as well as the current research progress on adhesion prevention. The early cellular events starting with injured mesothelial cells and incorporating macrophage response have recently been found to be associated with adhesion formation. This may provide the key component for developing future adhesion prevention methods. The current use of physical barriers to separate tissues, such as Seprafilm®, composed of hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose, can only reduce the risk of adhesion formation at the end stage. Other anti‐inflammatory or fibrinolytic agents for preventing adhesions have only been studied within the context of current research models, which is limited by the lack of in‐vitro model systems as well as in‐depth study of in‐vivo models to evaluate the efficiency of anti‐adhesion agents. In addition, we explore emerging therapies, such as gene therapy and stem cell‐based approaches, that may offer new strategies for preventing adhesion formation. In conclusion, anti‐adhesion agents represent a promising approach for reducing the burden of adhesion‐related complications in surgical patients. Further research is needed to optimize their use and develop new therapies for this challenging clinical problem.
Two Decarestrictine Analogs from the Soil‐Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. YUD18003 Associated with Gastrodia elata
Authors: Xie Fei , Xia Dan‐Dan , Duan Hao‐Jie , Sun Yue , Zi Zhi‐Feng , Wan Dai‐Yu , Zhou Hao , Ding Zhong‐Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTwo new decarestrictine analogs decarestrictine P and penicitone, together with eight known homologous compounds were isolated from the soil fungus from the rhizosphere of Penicillium sp. YUD18003 related to Gastrodia elata. Their different structures include a decanolides decartestridine P and a long‐chain polyhydroxyketone penicitone. The structures of new compounds were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis and high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR‐ESI‐MS), while their absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic methods, DP4+ probability analysis, modified Snatzke's method and electron circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. All compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Urushiol Derivatives as Potent Class I Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: Zhou Hao , Qi Zhiwen , Liu Danyang , Xue Xingyin , Wang Chengzhang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present study, a novel series of 11 urushiol‐based hydroxamic acid histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated. Compounds 1–11 exhibited good to excellent inhibitory activities against HDAC1/2/3 (IC50: 42.09–240.17 nM) and HDAC8 (IC50: 16.11–41.15 nM) in vitro, with negligible activity against HDAC6 (>1409.59 nM). Considering HDAC8, docking experiments revealed some important features contributing to inhibitory activity. According to Western blot analysis, select compounds could notably enhance the acetylation of histone H3 and SMC3 but not‐tubulin, indicating their privileged structure is appropriate for targeting class I HDACs. Furthermore, antiproliferation assays revealed that six compounds exerted greater in vitro antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines (A2780, HT‐29, MDA‐MB‐231, and HepG2, with IC50 values ranging from 2.31–5.13 μM) than suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; administration of these compounds induced marked apoptosis in MDA‐MB‐231 cells, with cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Collectively, specific synthesized compounds could be further optimized and biologically explored as antitumor agents.
A rare case of concurrent mitral and aortic valve aneurysms in the setting of infective endocarditis
Authors: Alhuarrat Majd Al Deen , Pargaonkar Sumant , Kharawala Amrin , Thachil Rosy , Tiwari Nidhish 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageMitral valve aneurysm is a rare imaging finding most caused by infective endocarditis. The concurrent presence of an aortic valve aneurysm is unique and foretells a severe presentation that would require valve replacement during the same admission.AbstractA 42‐year‐old male patient presented with intermittent fever, night sweats, and weight loss for 2 months. TEE showed a rare finding of concurrent mitral and aortic valve aneurysms, and blood cultures grew streptococcus mutans. His infective endocarditis was successfully treated with antibiotics and placement of mechanical mitral and aortic valves.