bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural responses underlying extraordinary altruists’ generosity for socially distant others
Authors: Rhoads Shawn A , O'Connell Katherine , Berluti Kathryn , Ploe Montana L , Elizabeth Hannah S , Amormino Paige , Li Joanna L , Dutton Mary Ann , VanMeter Ashley Skye , Marsh Abigail A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Most people are much less generous toward strangers than close others, a bias termed social discounting. But people who engage in extraordinary real-world altruism, like altruistic kidney donors, show dramatically reduced social discounting. Why they do so is unclear. Some prior research suggests reduced social discounting requires effortfully overcoming selfishness via recruitment of the temporoparietal junction. Alternatively, reduced social discounting may reflect genuinely valuing strangers’ welfare more due to how the subjective value of their outcomes is encoded in regions such as rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and amygdala. We tested both hypotheses in this pre-registered study. We also tested the hypothesis that a loving-kindness meditation (LKM) training intervention would cause typical adults’ neural and behavioral patterns to resemble altruists. Altruists and matched controls (N = 77) completed a social discounting task during functional magnetic resonance imaging; 25 controls were randomized to complete LKM training. Neither behavioral nor imaging analyses supported the hypothesis that altruists’ reduced social discounting reflects effortfully overcoming selfishness. Instead, group differences emerged in social value encoding regions, including rostral ACC and amygdala. Activation in these regions corresponded to the subjective valuation of others’ welfare predicted by the social discounting model. LKM training did not result in more generous behavioral or neural patterns, but only greater perceived difficulty during social discounting. Our results indicate extraordinary altruists’ generosity results from the way regions involved in social decision-making encode the subjective value of others’ welfare. Interventions aimed at promoting generosity may thus succeed to the degree they can increase the subjective valuation of others’ welfare.
West Virginia v. EPA: Major Questions for the Future of the Administrative State and American Federalism
Authors: Dishman Elysa M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
State attorney general (AG) lawsuits have led to judicial limitations on federal agencies’ powers, including the Supreme Court’s formal adoption of the major questions doctrine in the West Virginia v. EPA case in 2022. These limitations empower states to further challenge federal agencies and shape national policy while correspondingly weakening agencies’ ability to defend such lawsuits and aggressively regulate important issues of the day. AG lawsuits against the Biden administration regularly asserted the major questions doctrine leading up to the West Virginia decision, setting the stage for the Court’s adoption of the doctrine, and states continue to rely on the doctrine in the aftermath of the opinion. The major questions doctrine has important implications for relationships between the federal government and the states and among the states, exposing patterns of cooperation and conflict. Such conflict and cooperation will likely be heavily influenced by ideology and policy outcomes, further exacerbating political partisanship and polarization.
Thomas Elyot and the Translation of Galen
Authors: Colley John 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Galen’s reception in Renaissance literature is usually studied as the reception of Galenic anatomy or humoral physiology, rather than the reception of actual texts that Galen wrote. Revising that orthodoxy, this article analyses fragmentary vernacular translations from Galen’s works by Thomas Elyot, many of which are filtered through intermediary Latin translations by Thomas Linacre. This approach foregrounds the often highly literary nature of Galen’s treatises, as well as the extent to which Elyot responds to Galen with a concern for style as well as content. The results contribute to scholarship on Greek translation in sixteenth-century England, which to date has neglected scientific works. New conclusions are also reached about the scale and nature of Linacre’s early Tudor reception. Ultimately, Elyot’s Galen translations shed new light on the burgeoning status of English as a classically validated language in the sixteenth century, and offer a case study in the value of linking medical humanities with scholarship in translation studies and classical reception.
ZIC1 Dictates Osteogenesis Versus Adipogenesis in Human Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells Via a Hedgehog Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Thottappillil Neelima , Gomez-Salazar Mario A , Xu Mingxin , Qin Qizhi , Xing Xin , Xu Jiajia , Broderick Kristen , Yea Ji-Hye , Archer Mary , Ching-Yun Hsu Ginny , Péault Bruno , James Aaron W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Numerous intrinsic factors regulate mesenchymal progenitor commitment to a specific cell fate, such as osteogenic or adipogenic lineages. Identification and modulation of novel intrinsic regulatory factors represent an opportunity to harness the regenerative potential of mesenchymal progenitors. In the present study, the transcription factor (TF) ZIC1 was identified to be differentially expressed among adipose compared with skeletal-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells. We observed that ZIC1 overexpression in human mesenchymal progenitors promotes osteogenesis and prevents adipogenesis. ZIC1 knockdown demonstrated the converse effects on cell differentiation. ZIC1 misexpression was associated with altered Hedgehog signaling, and the Hedgehog antagonist cyclopamine reversed the osteo/adipogenic differentiation alterations associated with ZIC1 overexpression. Finally, human mesenchymal progenitor cells with or without ZIC1 overexpression were implanted in an ossicle assay in NOD-SCID gamma mice. ZIC1 overexpression led to significantly increased ossicle formation in comparison to the control, as assessed by radiographic and histologic measures. Together, these data suggest that ZIC1 represents a TF at the center of osteo/adipogenic cell fate determinations—findings that have relevance in the fields of stem cell biology and therapeutic regenerative medicine.
The Hairdresser Blues: British Women and the Secondary Modern School, 1946–72
Authors: Carter Laura 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Between the late 1940s and the early 1970s, the majority of teenage girls in Britain attended secondary modern schools. Yet, histories of the meaning and experience of postwar education continue to neglect this constituent of postwar women, favouring grammar-school leavers. This article draws upon a set of fifty-eight newly mined life histories from two postwar birth cohort studies to recapture the perspectives of ordinary women who attended secondary modern schools in England, Wales, and Scotland between c.1957 and c.1963. The longitudinal sources show that these women developed their attitudes to education gradually, across their lifecourses. Hairdressing, which stood for a desire for clean, creative, and autonomous paid work that could be balanced with domesticity, is identified as a reoccurring theme in the testimonies of secondary modern women. The article diagnoses secondary modern women with the hairdresser blues, a formulation that encapsulates their collective expectations, disappointments, and regrets born out of their closely interlinked experiences of schooling and paid work across the 1960s and early 1970s. These women’s educational attitudes were defined by the cumulative realization that a secondary modern education might not even be able to make you into a hairdresser. The article ultimately suggests that it was more often the hairdresser blues rather than ‘missing out’ on the prestigious grammar school that politicized secondary modern schools for the ordinary women who attended them.
Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of zoonotic Trichostrongylus species from goats for the first time in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Nurnabi , Roy Babul Chandra , Hasan Mohammad Manjurul , Zim Md Makshuder Rahman , Biswas Hiranmoy , Talukder Md Hasanuzzaman 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Trichostrongylus is one of the most important nematodes infecting animals and humans. The current study was designed to identify the Trichostrongylus species infecting goats by multiplex PCR and phylogenetic analysis.

Methods
A total of 124 goats’ viscera were collected from different abattoirs of Mymensingh division. Trichostrongylus species were isolated and characterized based on morphometry, multiplex PCR and phylogenetic analysis.

Results
Among 124 viscera of goats, 39 were positive with two species, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus, revealing an overall 31.45% prevalence. Morphological identification of Trichostrongylus species was confirmed by multiplex PCR amplification of the ITS2 gene and sequencing. Partial sequencing of the ITS2 gene of two species revealed seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (three transitions and four transversions) in this study. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree demonstrated that T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus isolates were clustered together with the reference sequences that belong to the clade A and B without any geographical boundaries.

Conclusions
This is the first report on molecular and phylogenetic analysis of Trichostrongylus species from ruminants in Bangladesh. These results provide the baseline data for understanding the zoonosis and epidemiology of this parasite in Bangladesh and global perspectives.
Mast cell activation and degranulation in acute artery injury: A target for post‐operative therapy
Authors: Harper Rebecca L. , Fang Fang , San Hong , Negro Alejandra , St. Hilaire Cynthia , Yang Dan , Chen Guibin , Yu Zhen , Dmitrieva Natalia I. , Lanzer Jan , Davaine Jean‐Michel , Schwartzbeck Robin , Walts Avram D. , Kovacic Jason C. , Boehm Manfred 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has led to a significant ongoing need to address this surgically through coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). From this, there continues to be a substantial burden of mortality and morbidity due to complications arising from endothelial damage, resulting in restenosis. Whilst mast cells (MC) have been shown to have a causative role in atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases, including restenosis due to vein engraftment; here, we demonstrate their rapid response to arterial wire injury, recapitulating the endothelial damage seen in PCI procedures. Using wild‐type mice, we demonstrate accumulation of MC in the femoral artery post‐acute wire injury, with rapid activation and degranulation, resulting in neointimal hyperplasia, which was not observed in MC‐deficient KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice. Furthermore, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were abundant in the wild‐type mice area of injury but reduced in the KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice. Following bone‐marrow‐derived MC (BMMC) transplantation into KitW‐sh/W‐sh mice, not only was the neointimal hyperplasia induced, but the neutrophil, macrophage, and T‐cell populations were also present in these transplanted mice. To demonstrate the utility of MC as a target for therapy, we administered the MC stabilizing drug, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) immediately following arterial injury and were able to show a reduction in neointimal hyperplasia in wild‐type mice. These studies suggest a critical role for MC in inducing the conditions and coordinating the detrimental inflammatory response seen post‐endothelial injury in arteries undergoing revascularization procedures, and by targeting the rapid MC degranulation immediately post‐surgery with DSCG, this restenosis may become a preventable clinical complication.
Exposing Undergraduate Nursing Students to Older Adults
Authors: Pariseault Christine A. , Whitehouse Christina R. , O’Connor Melissa 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Care of the older adult can be complex and influenced by ageism. The purpose of this pilot study was to expose nursing students to older adults earlier in the undergraduate curriculum. This study examined the experiences of student participation in caring for older adults. Qualitative analysis of student logs was conducted. Themes that emerged included age-related changes, environmental considerations, psychosocial needs and changes, consideration of gerontology as a career choice, and existing bias. Early experiences are vital in the curriculum and provide enhanced engagement in gerontology.
Disparities in employment outcomes among critical care graduates with different training backgrounds
Authors: Eisinger Greg J. , Sylvester Patrick J. , Duggineni Dheeraj , Way David P. , Peng Jing , Ma Jiang , McCallister Jennifer W. , Exline Matthew C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
We sought to characterize the impact of critical care training pathways on subsequent employment opportunities.

Methods
A survey assessing the postfellowship work environment and barriers to employment in a preferred setting was electronically distributed on September 16, 2019, to program directors and coordinators at all US adult critical care fellowships with instructions to forward it to the prior year’s graduates.

Results
Data collection was interrupted by the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Fifty-nine participants were included, reflecting a low rate of return. Most worked in urban areas (76.6%) at academic hospitals (81.7%). Graduates of internal medicine critical care (IMCC) were more likely than pulmonary critical care (PCC) to report their fellowship as a barrier to employment (50% vs 0%; P < 0.05). Emergency medicine graduates were more likely than internal medicine to report their residency as a barrier to employment (83.3% vs 4.6%; P < 0.05). Inability to find a desired position at an academic center (50% vs 5.9%; P < 0.05) and in the preferred metropolitan setting (37.5% vs 0%; P < 0.05) were more common among IMCC than PCC.

Conclusion
In this survey of critical care graduates, residency in emergency medicine and fellowship in IMCC were associated with increased barriers to finding desired employment.
Distinguishing Glaucoma, Cataract, and Glaucoma Suspect Based on Visual Symptoms
Authors: Quintero Michael , Mihailovic Aleksandra , Sikder Shameema , Jun Albert S. , Daoud Yassine , Ramulu Pradeep Y. 
Published: June 2023

Précis:
Cataract, glaucoma, and glaucoma suspect patients report differing visual symptoms. Asking patients about their visual symptoms may provide useful diagnostic information and inform decision-making in patients with comorbid conditions.

Purpose:
To compare visual symptoms in glaucoma, glaucoma suspect (controls), and cataract patients.

Methods:
Glaucoma, cataract, and glaucoma suspect patients at Wilmer Eye Institute responded to a questionnaire rating the frequency and severity of 28 symptoms. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression determined the symptoms that best differentiate each disease pair.

Results:
In all, 257 patients (mean age: 67.4 ± 13.4 y; 57.2% female; 41.2% employed), including 79 glaucoma, 84 cataract, and 94 glaucoma suspect patients, participated. Compared with glaucoma suspects, glaucoma patients were more likely to report poor peripheral vision (OR 11.29, 95% CI: 3.73–34.16), better vision in 1 eye (OR 5.48, 95% CI: 1.33–22.64), and light sensitivity (OR 4.85, 95% CI: 1.78–13.24), explaining 40% of the variance in diagnosis (ie, glaucoma vs. glaucoma suspect). Compared with controls, cataract patients were more likely to report light sensitivity (OR 3.33, 95% CI: 1.56–7.10) and worsening vision (OR 12.20, 95% CI: 5.33–27.89), explaining 26% of the variance in diagnosis (ie, cataract vs. glaucoma suspect). Compared with cataract patients, glaucoma patients were more likely to report poor peripheral vision (OR 7.24, 95% CI: 2.53–20.72) and missing patches (OR 4.91, 95% CI: 1.52–15.84), but less likely to report worsening vision (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.03–0.22), explaining 33% of the variance in diagnosis (ie, glaucoma vs. cataract).

Conclusions:
Visual symptoms distinguish disease state to a moderate degree in glaucoma, cataract, and glaucoma suspect patients. Asking about visual symptoms may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct and inform decision-making, for example, in glaucoma patients considering cataract surgery.
Zonulopathy Identified During Cataract Extraction in Patients With Primary Angle Closure Disease
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Ye , Zhang Shuo , Cao Kai , Li Dongjun , Liu Mugen , Liang Jing , Song Jing , Wang Ningli , Qiao Chunyan 
Published: June 2023

Précis:
The proportion, clinical characteristics, and risk factors of zonulopathy in primary angle closure disease (PACD) were analyzed. Zonulopathy is an underrecognized common finding in PACD, especially in patients with acute angle closure (AAC).

Purpose:
To examine the proportion and risk factors associated with intraoperative zonulopathy in PACD.

Patients and Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of 88 consecutive patients with PACD who underwent bilateral cataract extraction at Beijing Tongren Hospital from August 1, 2020 to August 1, 2022. Zonulopathy was diagnosed based on intraoperative findings including the presence of a lens equator, radial folds of the anterior capsule while making capsulorhexis, and other signs of the unstable capsular bag. The subjects were grouped based on their PACD subtype diagnoses: AAC, primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), primary angle closure (PAC), or primary angle closure suspect (PACS). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with zonulopathy. The proportion and the risk factors of zonulopathy were estimated in patients with PACD and in PACD subtypes.

Results:
Of 88 patients with PACD (67.3 ± 6.9 y old, 19 males and 69 females), the overall proportion of zonulopathy was 45.5% of patients (40/88) and 30.1% of eyes (53/176). Among the PACD subtypes, the proportion of zonulopathy was highest (69.0%) in AAC, followed by 39.1% in PACG, and 15.3% in PAC and PACS combined. AAC was an independent risk factor associated with zonulopathy (P = 0.015, AAC vs PACG, PAC, and PACS combined; odds ratio: 0.340, CI: 0.142–0.814). Shallower anterior chamber depth (P = 0.031) and greater lens thickness (P = 0.036), but not laser iridotomy, were associated with an increased proportion of zonulopathy.

Conclusions:
Zonulopathy is common in PACD, especially in patients with AAC. Shallow anterior chamber depth and thick lens thickness were associated with an increased proportion of zonulopathy.
Use of Carbon Nanoparticles to Improve the Efficiency of Harvesting Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Ji Hongli , Hu Yaowen , Cheng Jiaxin , Lu Jianping , Zhu Weifeng , Li Qingping , Li Zhiming , Liu Xiumin , Wang Shijie , Wu Xiufeng , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2023

Background:
The accurate determination of lymph node status in patients with rectal cancer requires harvesting a certain number of lymph nodes. This study investigated whether using carbon nanoparticles (CNs) could improve the efficiency of harvesting lymph nodes in rectal cancer patients.

Materials and Methods:
Data from patients with rectal cancer treated with radical resection were collected from Nanfang Hospital between January 2014 and June 2021. Patients in the CN group received a CN suspension 1 day before surgery, which was endoscopically injected around the tumor. A 1:1 case-matched study was performed using the propensity score. The efficiency of harvesting lymph nodes was investigated by comparing the number of total nodes, total time, and percentage of nodes <5 mm in size between the CN and non-CN groups.

Results:
A total of 768 patients were included, with 246 patients who underwent CN injection and 522 patients who did not. After matching, 246 pairs of patients were analyzed. After matching, the number of total nodes of each sample was significantly higher in the CN group than in the non-CN group (P<0.001). The total time for node detection (P<0.001) was significantly shorter in the CN group. The percentage of nodes <5 mm in size was increased significantly in the CN group (P<0.001). Among patients with clinical staging I/II, the difference in positive LNs was significant (21.79% vs. 11.95%, P=0.029).

Conclusions:
The application of CNs improved the efficiency of harvesting lymph nodes during rectal cancer surgery.
Robotic Enhanced-View Totally Extraperitoneal vs Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh Evaluation: 1-Year Exploratory Outcomes of the REVEAL Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Petro Clayton C , Maskal Sara M , Renton David B , Yunis Jonathan P , Meara Michael P , Diaz Kayla , Wilber Melanie , McKenzie Kristen , Tu Chao , Phillips Sharon E , Miller Benjamin T , Beffa Lucas R , Rosen Michael J , Prabhu Ajita S 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Patients with small to medium-sized ventral hernias randomized to robotic enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) or robotic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (rIPOM) previously demonstrated comparable 30-day patient-reported outcomes. Here we report 1-year exploratory outcomes for this multi-center, patient-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Methods:
Patients with midline ventral hernias ≤7cm wide undergoing mesh repair were randomized to robotic eTEP or rIPOM. Planned exploratory 1-year outcomes include pain intensity (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS 3a]), hernia-specific quality of life (HerQLes), pragmatic hernia recurrence, and reoperation.

Results:
One hundred randomized patients (51 eTEP, 49 rIPOM) reached a median 12 months follow-up [interquartile range 11-13] with 7% lost. Following regression analysis adjusting for baseline scores, there was no difference in postoperative pain intensity at 1-year for eTEP compared to rIPOM (OR 2.1, 95% CI 0.85-5.1, p=0.11). HerQLes scores were on average 15 points lower (i.e. less improved) at 1 year following eTEP repairs compared to rIPOM, a difference maintained after regression analysis (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.67, p=0.003). Pragmatic hernia recurrence was 12.2% (6 of 49) for eTEP and 15.9% (7 of 44) for rIPOM (p = 0.834). Two eTEP and one rIPOM patients required reoperations related to their index repair in the first year (p=0.82).

Conclusion:
Exploratory analyses showed similar outcomes at 1 year in regards to pain, hernia recurrence, and reoperation. Abdominal wall quality of life at 1 year appears to favor rIPOM, and the possibility that an eTEP dissection is less advantageous in that regard should be the subject of future investigation.