bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing 5‐Methyl‐2,4‐diaryl‐1H‐imidazoles Using Calcium Carbide as Alkyne Source via A3‐Coupling Cyclization
Authors: Liu Lang , Sun Guojin , Zhang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImidazole derivatives are critical building blocks in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, fluorescent materials, and ligands. Despite the development of many strategies, the reliable synthesis of 2,4,5‐substituted imidazoles remains heavily researched. In this study, we present a protocol for synthesizing 2,4,5‐substituted imidazole‐bearing methyl groups using A3‐coupling cyclization with calcium carbide as the acetylene source, reacting with amidines and aldehydes. This methodology is characterized by several features, including the utilization of a solid alkyne source, readily accessible starting materials, and applicability to 34 examples.
Size, fecundity and condition factor changes in endangered delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus over 10 generations in captivity
Authors: Ellison Luke , Rahman Md Moshiur , Finger Amanda J. , Sandford Marade , Hsueh Chih‐Hsin , Schultz Andrew A. , Hung Tien‐Chieh 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe once abundant delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus is now on the verge of extinction. At the UC Davis Fish Conservation and Culture Laboratory, a refuge population has been maintained since 2008 as a safeguard against extinction and to breed and provide fish for research. Due to artificial aquaculture operations, it is assumed that the fish are impacted by life in captivity leading to questions about differences between cultured and captive wild fish. This study looked at the differences in fork length (FL), body weight (BW), fecundity (F) and condition factor (K) of cultured and wild (captive) delta smelt over the last 10 generations (2009–2018) to determine if there were any changes of life‐history traits between the two, which may indicate domestication. Results revealed that the cultured population had significantly higher FL, BW, F and K than the wild population. The correlation tests found significant positive relationships between all measured traits except FL and K of wild fish. Significant changes in the measured traits of the cultured population over time were found, whereas none was observed in most wild fish year‐classes. This study demonstrated changes of life‐history traits in a well‐managed fish population over 10 generations in captivity and provides critical information to the coming supplementation plan for the species.
Rashba Band Splitting and Bulk Photovoltaic Effect Induced by Halogen Bonds in Hybrid Layered Perovskites
Authors: Xue Jie , Huang Yuling , Liu Yang , Chen Zhongwei , Sung Herman H.‐Y. , Williams Ian D. , Zhu Zonglong , Mao Lingling , Chen Xihan , Lu Haipeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNon‐covalent interactions play an essential role in directing the self‐assembly of hybrid organic–inorganic crystals. In hybrid halide perovskites, hydrogen bonding has been the paramount non‐covalent interaction. Here, we show another non‐covalent interaction, namely, the halogen bond interaction, that directs a symmetry‐breaking assembly in a new series of two‐dimensional (2D) perovskites (ICH2CH2NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 (n is the layer thickness, n=1–4). Structural analysis shows that the halogen bond strength varies with the layer thickness. For the odd number (n=1, 3) layered perovskites, stronger halogen interaction leads to centrosymmetric structures, whereas for the n=2 layered perovskites, weaker halogen bonds result in non‐centrosymmetric structures. Transient reflection spectroscopy shows a suppressed radiative recombination rate (k2≈0) and prolonged spin lifetime for n=2 structure, suggesting an enhanced Rashba band splitting effect. The structural asymmetry is further confirmed with a reversible bulk photovoltaic effect. Our work provides a new design strategy to enable hybrid perovskites with emerging properties and functionalities associated with structural asymmetry.
Chiral Carbon Nanorings: Synthesis, Properties and Hierarchical Self‐assembly of Chiral Ternary Complexes Featuring a Narcissistic Chiral Self‐Recognition for Chiral Amines
Authors: Fan Yanqing , He Jing , Liu Lin , Liu Guoqin , Guo Shengzhu , Lian Zhe , Li Xiaonan , Guo Weijie , Chen Xuebo , Wang Ying , Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe report the synthesis and chiroptical properties of novel chiral carbon nanorings Sp‐/Rp‐[12]PCPP containing a planar chiral [2.2]PCP unit, and demonstrate that Sp‐/Rp‐[12]PCPP can not only host crown ether 18‐Crown‐6 to form ring‐in‐ring complexes with a binding constant 3.35×103 M−1, but also accommodate the complexes of 18‐Crown‐6 and S/R‐protonated amines to form homochiral S@Sp‐/R@Rp‐ and heterochiral S@Rp‐/R@Sp‐ ternary complexes, displaying significantly larger binding constants of up to 3.31×105 M−1 depending on the chiral guests. Importantly, homochiral S@Sp‐/R@Rp‐ ternary complexes exhibit an enhanced CD signal, while the heterochiral S@Rp‐/R@Sp‐ ones have a constant CD signal compared with the chiral carbon nanorings, respectively, which suggests that homochiral S@Sp‐/R@Rp‐ ternary complexes display a highly narcissistic chiral self‐recognition for S/R‐protonated chiral amines, respectively. Finally, the chiral ternary complexes can be further applied to determine the ee values of chiral guests. The findings highlight a new application of carbon nanorings in supramolecular sensors, beyond the common recognition of π‐conjugated molecules.
Truce‐Smiles Rearrangement of Diaryliodonium Salts in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wang Yu , Pan Wanying , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Limin , Han Jianwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Truce‐Smiles rearrangement is an intramolecular SNAr reaction, enabling the formation of a new arene carbon‐carbon bond with sufficiently strong carbon‐centered nucleophile. Reported here are ortho‐tosylmethylene functionalized diaryliodonium salts, which can undergo an unprecedented Truce‐Smiles rearrangement in ionic liquids, resulting in sulfonyl‐substituted ortho‐iodo diarylmethanes as a powerful class of building blocks in chemical synthesis. The protocol features aryliodo moiety as a hyper nucleofuge, facilitating the formation of Meisenheimer complex within the migratory system.
Activatable Semiconducting Polymer Pro‐nanomodulators for Deep‐Tissue Sono‐immunotherapy of Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Jingchao , Yu Ningyue , Cui Dong , Huang Jiaguo , Luo Yu , Pu Kanyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractImmunotherapy has provided a promising modality for cancer treatment, while it often has the issues of limited response rates and potential off‐target side effects in clinical practice. We herein report the construction of semiconducting polymer pro‐nanomodulators (SPpMs) with ultrasound (US)‐mediated activatable pharmacological actions for deep‐tissue sono‐immunotherapy of orthotopic pancreatic cancer. Such SPpMs consist of a sonodynamic semiconducting polymer backbone grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) chains linked with two immunomodulators (a programmed death‐ligand 1 blocker and an indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase inhibitor) via a singlet oxygen (1O2)‐cleavable segment. In view of the excellent sonodynamic property of the semiconducting polymer core, SPpMs enable effective generation of 1O2 under US treatment, even in a deep‐tissue depth up to 12 cm. The generated 1O2 not only ablates tumors via a sonodynamic effect and induces immunogenic cell death, but also destroys the 1O2‐cleavable segments to allow in situ release of immunomodulators in tumors. This synergetic action results in boosted antitumor immune response via reversing two tumor immunosuppressive pathways. As such, SPpMs mediate deep‐tissue sono‐immunotherapy to completely eradicate orthotopic pancreatic cancer and effectively prevent tumor metastasis. Moreover, such an immune activation reduces the possibility of immune‐related adverse events. This study thus provides a smart activatable nanoplatform for precise immunotherapy of deep‐seated tumors.
The Kedzie center: Community‐immersed mental health from the ground up
Authors: Burke Nancy , Sedeño Angela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Kedzie Center, a psychodynamically‐informed community mental health center on Chicago's northwest side, was created through a truly innovative strategy for funding urban mental health services. Legislation in Illinois allows areas of the city to vote by referendum to levy a tax, calculated as 0.4% of property taxes, to support needed clinics directly, of which Kedzie is the first of (currently) four. Each of the six referenda put forward thus far under the Expanded Mental Health Services Act won a landslide endorsement from the voters in its catchment area, who feel ownership and investment in the services they have created. A small group of psychoanalytically‐oriented clinicians was chosen by a governing commission made up of appointee community members to run the first EMHS clinic. Since its creation 7 years ago, the Kedzie Center has offered a test case for the success of the EMHS Act, and has been able to use the flexibility its funding model affords to provide long‐term primary, ancillary and coordinated care that is tailored to the community it serves. Yet its success as a vibrant hub for this diverse and challenged urban area has not immunized it from the difficulties involved in creating an integrated community psychoanalysis. Kedzie's success has come with both tension and growth regarding its mission, its staff development and its role in the wider community.
Incremental adaptive fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle maneuver control with nonlinear disturbance observer: A finite‐time approach
Authors: Cao Su , Wang Xiangke , Yu Huangchao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a versatile controller based on the incremental strategy to explore a finite‐time (FT) solution of fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) maneuver control considering the lumped disturbances such as unmodeled dynamics or exogenous perturbations. First, a finite‐time nonlinear disturbance observer augmented with a neural network item is developed to attenuate the adverse effect of the disturbances mentioned above. Then considering the estimated lumped disturbance, a finite‐time incremental controller in the quaternion form is proposed. Rigorous proof shows that the nonlinear disturbance observer and controller achieve finite‐time convergence. In the numerical simulation, the superiority of the proposed method compared to several advanced nonlinear control approaches is illustrated, despite the mismatches in aerodynamic coefficients, wind gusts, and actuator failures. Furthermore, based on a novel model identification approach, a hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HITL) experiment is performed in a high‐fidelity environment, wherein our method's feasibility and practicability are verified.
Germ‐cell‐specific transcriptome analysis illuminates the chromatin and ubiquitin pathway in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Furukawa Sawako , Nomura Jun , Hanafusa Hiroaki , Maegawa Hiroko , Takumi Toru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccumulating epidemiological studies have suggested a positive association between advanced paternal age at conception and the increased risk of neurodevelopmental outcomes such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in their children. Recent biological studies using human sperm have identified increased de novo mutations in aged fathers, and hyper‐ or hypomethylation has been identified in the sperm from aged rodents. Dysregulation of DNA methylation in sperm may explain the transgenerational effects on the pathogenesis of ASD. However, compared to these epigenetic changes in the sperm of aged males, the effects of inherited predisposition from germ cells are largely unknown. Here, we use single‐cell transcriptome data sets from 13 cell lines, including 12 ASD‐associated CNVs models and control, that are performed neural differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells. This study performed comprehensive bioinformatic analyses such as gene ontology (GO), network, pathway, and upstream regulator analyses. Through these analyses, we identify several susceptible pathways, such as chromatin and ubiquitin, in addition to translational and oxidative phosphorylation. Our results suggest that dysregulation of epigenetic chromosome remodeling and ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway in the germ cell is a possible modulator for subsequent differentiated cells, sperm, and egg, as a risk factor for the neurodevelopmental disorder.
A core syllabus for histology within the medical curriculum – The cardiovascular and lymphoid systems, the respiratory and digestive systems, and the integument
Authors: Cui Dongmei , Moxham Bernard John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMedical courses worldwide are undergoing significant curricular changes, including the teaching and learning of histology. In order to set international standards for the anatomical sciences, the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) is developing core anatomical syllabuses by means of Delphi panels. Already published is a core syllabus for the teaching of the cell and the basic tissues within medicine. Here, we record the deliberations of an IFAA Delphi panel commissioned to develop core subject matter for the teaching within a medical histology course of the cardiovascular and lymphatic circulatory system, the lymphoid, respiratory, and digestive systems, and the integument. The Delphi panel was comprised of academics from multiple countries who were required to review relevant histological topics/items by evaluating each topic as being either “Essential,” “Important,” “Acceptable,” or “Not required.” Topics that were rated by over 60% of the panelists as being “Essential” are reported in this paper as being core topics for the teaching of medical histology. Also reported are topics that, while not reaching the threshold for being designated as core material, may be recommended or not required within the curriculum.
Correlation as a measure for alignment and similarity of human motions
Authors: Randall Mathew , Harvey Carlo , Williams Ian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ability to measure similarity and alignment of motions is a key tool in motion retrieval and motion editing. Similarity metrics based on distance functions are often utilized when measuring similarity of human motions, however, metrics based on correlation can also potentially useful for measuring similarity and alignment. This paper evaluates the use of correlation as a method of measuring the alignment and similarity of human motion and compares them against more established distance‐based metrics. Three correlation methods and five methods of parameterising rotation are evaluated. The results show that parameterization based on displacement vectors and Kendall Tau rank correlation are optimal for measuring the alignment between two motions. If measuring similarity of motions, however, an approach based on distance metrics for angular or positional distance should be used.
Category ratio: A search for an optimal solution to reduce choice overload
Authors: Sharma Arun , Nair Shreekumar K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper endeavors to find an optimal solution to alleviate the harmful consequences of choice overload using assortment categorization. Past research on assortment categorization has primarily studied the type of category labels. Only a few studies focused on the number of category labels, and the extant research is inconclusive on the right number of labels. This paper argues that the number of options under each label is more important in reducing choice overload than the number of labels. We call the number of options under each label “category ratio”. We integrate the research from four streams to recommend an optimal range of category ratio. In a field and a lab experiment, we tested the optimal category ratio as an intervention in the reduction of choice overload. The results of both experiments found a significant reduction in choice overload for the optimal category ratio. In experiment 3, we manipulated the category ratio to test whether the optimal category ratio is better than the non‐optimal category ratio. The results of experiment 3 found that consumers experienced more satisfaction for the optimal category ratio than both uncategorized assortment and non‐optimal category ratio. Past research has found that fewer labels and uninformative categorization are not helpful in the choice process. This paper finds that a few labels are beneficial only when the category ratio is within the proposed optimal range. Uninformative labels also reduced choice overload when categorized using the optimal category ratio.
Essential Oil of Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. and Zingiber officinale Rosc.: A Comparative Study on Chemical Constituents, Antibacterial Activity, Biofilm Formation, and Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing System
Authors: Wira Septama Abdi , Arvia Chiara Monika , Turnip Gabriel , Nur Tasfiyati Aprilia , Triana Dewi Rizna , Anggrainy Sianipar Erlia , Jaisi Amit 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa can regulate its pathogenicity via quorum sensing (QS) system. Zingiber cassumunar and Z. officinale have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the chemical constituents, antibacterial, and QS inhibitor of Z. cassumunar essential oils (ZCEO) and Z. officinale essential oils (ZOEO). The chemical constituent was analysed using GC/MS. Broth microdilution and spectrophotometry analysis were used to evaluate their antibacterial and QS inhibitor activities. The main constituent of ZOEO with percent composition above 6 % (α‐curcumene, α‐zingiberene, β‐sesquiphellandrene, and β‐bisabolene, α‐citral, and α‐farnesene) were exist in a very minimal percentage less than 0.7 % in Z. cassumunar. All major components of ZCEO with percentages higher than 5 % (terpinen‐4‐ol, sabinene, γ‐terpinene) were present in low proportion (<1.18 %) in Z. officinale. ZCEO demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. The combination of ZCEO and tetracycline showed a synergistic effect (FICI of 0.5). ZCEO exhibited strong activity in inhibiting biofilm formation. ZCEO at
MIC (62.5 μg/mL) was able to reduce pyoverdine, pyocyanin, and proteolytic activity. This is the first report on the activity of ZCEO in the inhibition of P. aeruginosa QS system and it may be used to control the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa.
Phytochemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Achillea sintenisii Hub.‐Mor
Authors: Eruygur Nuraniye , Buyukyildirim Tugsen , Tetik Rama Seyma , Ayaz Fatma , Tekin Mehmet , Tuzcu Mehmet , Akcakavak Gokhan , Abdullah Yilmaz Mustafa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAchillea (Asteraceae) species have been traditionally used for their different therapeutical properties. In this study, phytochemical composition of aerial parts of A. sintenisii which is endemic in Turkey was determined with Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). To evaluate the wound healing potential, the cream formulation prepared from A. sintenisii was tested on the linear incision wound model in mice. In vitro enzyme inhibitory activity tests were performed on elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase. In the histopathological examination, angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation were significantly increased in A. sintenisii treatment groups compared to the negative control group. As a result of this study, it is thought that the enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activity of the plant may contribute to the wound healing process. According to LC/MS/MS analysis result, quinic acid (24.261 μg/mg extract) and chlorogenic acid (14.97 μg/mg extract) were identified as main constituents of the extract.
A case of nocardiosis in a patient with ulcerative colitis on chronic corticosteroids, infliximab, and upadacitinib
Authors: Moy Benjamin M. , Shenoy Abhishek , Aldrich Leslie B. 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageImmunosuppression, malnutrition, and underlying infection can unmask obscure infections which can be challenging to identify. Early diagnosis and treatment of infections in immunosuppressed patients are essential due to high morbidity and mortality.AbstractThe immunosuppressive effects of treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC), including chronic corticosteroids, anti‐TNF agents, and JAK inhibitors, can impact the spread of latent or obscure infections. Clinicians should have a low threshold for pursuing aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic intervention in patients who show signs of clinical deterioration while on immunosuppressing medications. Our unique case highlights an immunosuppressed patient with UC who developed Nocardiosis after initiation of upadacitinib while hospitalized for concurrent UC flare and Clostridium difficile infection.
Promoting Surface Reconstruction of Low‐Cost Stainless Steel Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Qu Chao , Gao Chang , Kong Linghui , Yin Penggang , Lin Jianjian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of cost‐effective transition metal catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is critical for the production of hydrogen fuel from water splitting. Low‐cost and efficient stainless steel‐based catalysts are expected to replace the scarce platinum group metals for large‐scale energy applications. Here in this work, we report the conversion of commonly available inexpensive and easily accessible 434‐L stainless steel (SS) into highly active and stable electrodes by corrosion and sulfuration strategies. The NixFe1−xS layer as a pre‐catalyst and S‐doped NixFe oxyhydroxides in situ formed on the catalyst surface are the true active species for OER. The optimized 434‐L stainless steel‐based electrocatalyst exhibits a low overpotential of 298 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH with a small OER kinetics (the Tafel slope of 54.8 mV dec−1) and good stability. This work reveals the 434‐L alloy stainless steel with Fe and Cr as the main elements can be used as qualified OER catalysts by surface modification, along with a new mentality to solve the energy and resource waste problems.
Isolation, Structural and Physical Characterization as well as Reactivity of Persistent Acenium Radical Cation Salts
Authors: Sellin Malte , Seiler Matthis , Mayländer Maximilian , Kloiber Konstantin , Radke Valentin , Weber Stefan , Richert Sabine , Krossing Ingo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe unsubstituted acenium radical cations (ARCs) are extremely sensitive and were hitherto only studied in situ, i. e. in the gas phase, as dilute solutions in strong acids or by matrix isolation spectroscopy at about 10 K. In this study, room temperature stable ARC salts with the weakly coordinating anion [F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (ORF=−OC(CF3)3) supported by the weakly coordinating solvent 1,2,3,4‐tetrafluorobenzene (TFB) were prepared and structurally, electrochemically and spectroscopically characterized. Reaction of the neutral acenes with Ag+[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− led, non‐innocent,[54] to intermediate [Ag2(acene)2]2+ complexes, which decompose over time to Ag0 and the corresponding (impure) ARC salts. By contrast, direct deelectronation with the recently developed innocent[54] deelectronator radical cation salt [anthraceneHal]+⋅[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− led to phase‐pure products [acene]+⋅[F{Al(ORF)3}2]− (anthraceneHal=9,10‐dichlorooctafluoroanthracene; acene=anthra‐, tetra‐, pentacene). For the first time, a homogenous set of spectroscopic data on analytically pure ARC salts was obtained. In addition, cyclovoltammetric measurements of the acenes connected the potentials in solution with those in the gas‐phase. Hence, the data complement the existing isolated gas‐phase, strong acid or matrix isolation studies. A first entry to follow‐up chemistry of the acenium radical cations as ligand forming oxidizers was demonstrated by reaction with
Co2(CO)8 giving [Co(anthracene)(CO)2]+.