bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Combined C/N ratio, DO Set Point, and HRT Influence on Nitrogen Removal Rate in One-Stage Reactor Through Partial Nitrification Anammox Process During Treatment of Synthetic Digestate of Poultry Litter Wastewater
Authors: Xiao Yiting , Zhan Yuanhang , Zhu Jun , Vanotti Matias 
Published: April 2023

Highlights

A one-stage reactor PN/A process was developed and evaluated.

The highest TN removal rate was 87.3% for the PN/A process to treat synthetic wastewater containing poultry litter at room temperature.

Bacterial composition of mature sludge community of wastewater was investigated in this study.

Adjusted parameters controlled the growth of AOB and NOB.

Abstract. Anammox is an increasingly common process used for the treatment of municipally rejected water and even mainstream wastewater due to its low oxygen demand. However, anammox is not commonly utilized in the treatment of poultry litter because of its high organic content, which would inhibit the anammox process. One-stage partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process was developed and evaluated for removing total nitrogen (TN) content from synthetic digestate of poultry litter using a sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR). Independent variables including carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) at 1, 2, and 3, dissolved oxygen level (DO, mg/L) at 0.2, 0.35, and 0.5, and hydraulic retention time (HRT, h) at 24, 48, and 72 were examined using Central Composite Design (CCD) coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the TN removal rate. Results showed that the one-stage PN/A process achieved an optimal TN removal rate of 87.3% and an optimal NH4+-N removal rate of 100% when C/N, DO, and HRT were 1, 0.5 mg/L, and 72 h, respectively. The quadratic regression model developed (p = 0.0018) perfectly fitted the nitrogen removal efficiency of the SBBR. The uncertainty analysis showed an error range of 0.12% to 0.96% for the model's accuracy within the DO, C/N ratio, and HRT ranges tested. The bacterial consortium analysis suggested that the control of the growth of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was achieved. Keywords: Anammox, Comammox, Nitrospira, Partial nitrification, Poultry litter wastewater.
Reflection characteristics of a cavity-resonator-integrated guided-mode resonance mirror for a microdiameter Gaussian beam
Authors: Watanabe Akari , Ozawa Keisuke , Teranishi Shunsuke , Taniguchi Aika , Inoue Junichi , Kintaka Kenji , Ura Shogo 
Published: April 2023

A guided-mode resonance mirror was designed for reflecting a vertically
incident Gaussian beam of 3.6-µm beam waist to a backpropagating
Gaussian beam. A grating coupler (GC) is integrated in a waveguide
resonance cavity consisting of a pair of distributed Bragg reflectors
(DBRs) on a reflection substrate. An incident free-space wave is
coupled by the GC into the waveguide, and the guided wave is resonated
in the waveguide cavity and coupled out by the same GC to a free-space
wave simultaneously in resonance condition. The reflection phase can
vary by 2π rad, according to wavelength in a
wavelength band of resonance. The grating fill factors of the GC were
apodized to have a Gaussian profile in its coupling strength and
resultantly maximize a Gaussian reflectance defined by the power ratio
of backpropagating Gaussian beam to the incident Gaussian beam. The
fill factors of the DBR were also apodized in the boundary zone to the
GC in order to avoid discontinuity in equivalent refractive index
distribution and resultant scattering loss. Guided-mode resonance
mirrors were fabricated and characterized. The Gaussian reflectance of
the mirror with the grating apodization was measured to be 90%, higher
by 10% than that of the mirror without apodization. It is also
demonstrated that the reflection phase changes more than π rad within wavelength band of
1 nm. The fill factor apodization narrows the resonance
band.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of adolescent nutrition in Ethiopia: Transforming adolescent lives through nutrition (TALENT) initiative
Authors: Abera Mubarek , Workicho Abdulhalik , Berhane Melkamu , Hiko Desta , Ali Rahma , Zinab Beakal , Haileamlak Abraham , Fall Caroline 
Published: April 2023

Background
Ethiopia has undergone rapid economic growth over the last two decades that could influence the diets and nutrition of young people. This work systematically reviewed primary studies on adolescent nutrition from Ethiopia, to inform future interventions to guide policies and programs for this age group.

Method
A systematic search of electronic databases for published studies on the prevalence of and interventions for adolescent malnutrition in Ethiopia in the English language since the year 2000 was performed using a three-step search strategy. The results were checked for quality using the Joanna Bridge Institute (JBI) checklist, and synthesized and presented as a narrative description.

Results
Seventy six articles and two national surveys were reviewed. These documented nutritional status in terms of anthropometry, micronutrient status, dietary diversity, food-insecurity, and eating habits. In the meta-analysis the pooled prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight/obesity was 22.4% (95% CI: 18.9, 25.9), 17.7% (95% CI: 14.6, 20.8) and 10.6% (7.9, 13.3), respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition ranged from 4% to 54% for stunting and from 5% to 29% for thinness. Overweight/obesity ranged from 1% to 17%. Prevalence of stunting and thinness were higher in boys and rural adolescents, whereas overweight/obesity was higher in girls and urban adolescents. The prevalence of anemia ranged from 9% to 33%. Approximately 40%-52% of adolescents have iodine deficiency and associated risk of goiter. Frequent micronutrient deficiencies are vitamin D (42%), zinc (38%), folate (15%), and vitamin A (6.3%).

Conclusions
The adolescent population in Ethiopia is facing multiple micronutrient deficiencies and a double-burden of malnutrition, although undernutrition is predominant. The magnitude of nutritional problems varies by gender and setting. Context-relevant interventions are required to effectively improve the nutrition and health of adolescents in Ethiopia.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pediatricians in relation to breastfeeding support: A national survey in Lebanon
Authors: Al Rifai Hiba , Shatila Hiba , Nasreddine Lara , Yazbeck Nadine , Kabakian-Khasholian Tamar , Itani Leila , Naja Farah 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundRates of breastfeeding (BF) remain suboptimal despite overwhelming evidence for its benefits to the mother and child. Pediatricians play an important role in supporting breastfeeding (BF). In Lebanon, the rates of both exclusive and continued BF are critically low. The objective of this study is to examine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of Lebanese pediatricians in relation to supporting BF.MethodsA national survey of Lebanese pediatricians was conducted through Lime Survey (n = 100, response rate 9.5%). The list of pediatricians’ emails was obtained from the Lebanese Order of Physicians (LOP). Participants completed a questionnaire covering, in addition to sociodemographic characteristics, the KAP, related to supporting BF. Descriptive statistics and logistic regressions were used in data analysis.ResultsThe most prevalent gaps in knowledge were related to the positioning of the baby during BF (71.9%) and the association between the mother’s fluid intake and her milk production (67.4%). With regards to attitudes, 34% of participants reported unfavorable attitudes towards BF in public and BF while working (25%). As for practices, more than 40% of pediatricians kept formula samples and 21% had formula-related advertising in their clinics. Half of the pediatricians reported rarely/never referring mothers to lactation consultants. After adjustment, both being a female pediatrician and having done the residency in Lebanon were significant predictors of better knowledge (OR = 4.51 (95%CI: 1.72–11.85) and OR = 3.93 (95%CI: 1.38,11.19) respectively.ConclusionThis study revealed important gaps in the KAP related to BF support among Lebanese pediatricians. Coordinated efforts ought to be exerted to educate and equip pediatricians with needed knowledge and skills to support BF.
Diagnostic role of heart rate variability in breast cancer and its relationship with peripheral serum carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Ding Lishan , Yang Yuepeng , Chi Mingsi , Chen Zijun , Huang Yaping , Ouyang Wenshan , Li Weijian , He Lei , Wei Ting 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic role of heart rate variability in breast cancer and its relationship with Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in peripheral serum.MethodsWe reviewed the electronic medical records of patients who attended Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University between October 2016 and May 2019. The patients were grouped based on breast cancer history and were divided into two groups: breast cancer group(n = 19) and control group(n = 18). All women were invited for risk factor screening, including 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring and blood biochemistry after admission. The difference and correlation between the breast cancer group and control group were performed by comparing the heart rate variability and serum CEA levels. Additionally, diagnostic efficacy analysis of breast cancer was calculated by combining heart rate variability and serum CEA.ResultsIn total, 37 patients were eligible for analysis, with 19 and 18 patients in the breast cancer group and control groups, respectively. Women with breast cancer had a significantly lower level of total LF, awake TP, and awake LF, and a significantly higher level of serum CEA compared with women with no breast cancer. Total LF, awake TP, and awake LF were negatively correlated with the CEA index (P < 0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated the highest area under the curve (AUC) scores and specificity of the combination of awake TP, awake LF, and serum CEA (P < 0.05), while sensitivity was highest for total LF, awake TP, and awake LF (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWomen with history of breast cancer had abnormalities in autonomic function. The combined analysis of heart rate variability and serum CEA analysis may have a predictive effect on the development of breast cancer and provide more basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Development and validation of a prognostic model for mitophagy-related genes in colon adenocarcinoma: A study based on TCGA and GEO databases
Authors: Tang Yong , Guo Haiyang , Chen Lin , Wang Xiaobo , Chen Qi , Gou Lei , Liu Xiuyu , Wang Xianfei 
Published: April 2023

Background
Mitophagy is used by eukaryotic cells to eliminate damaged mitochondria. The deregulation of this process can lead to an accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria and is implicated in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. Despite increasing evidence that mitophagy is involved in the development of colon cancer, the role of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) prognosis and treatment remains largely unknown.

Methods
Differential analysis was used to identify differentially expressed mitophagy-related genes associated with COAD and conduct key module screening. Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage selection operator, and other analyses were used to characterize prognosis-related genes and verify the feasibility of the model. The model was tested using GEO data and a nomogram was constructed for future clinical application. The level of immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy were compared between the two groups, and sensitivity to treatment with many commonly used chemotherapeutic agents was assessed in individuals with different risk factors. Finally, qualitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to assess the expression of prognosis-related MRGs.

Results
A total of 461 differentially expressed genes were mined in COAD. Four prognostic genes, PPARGC1A, SLC6A1, EPHB2, and PPP1R17, were identified to construct a mitophagy-related gene signature. The feasibility of prognostic models was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics, risk scores, Cox regression analysis, and principal component analysis. At 1, 3, and 5 years, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.628, 0.678, and 0.755, respectively, for TCGA cohort, and 0.609, 0.634, and 0.640, respectively, for the GEO cohort. Drug sensitivity analysis found that camptothecin, paclitaxel, bleomycin, and doxorubicin were significantly different between low- and high-risk patients. The qPCR and western blotting results of clinical samples further confirmed the public database results.

Conclusions
This study successfully constructed a mitophagy-related gene signature with significant predictive value for COAD, informing new possibilities for the treatment of this disease.
Does a mother’s childbirth experience influence her perceptions of her baby’s behaviour? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Power Carmen , Williams Claire , Brown Amy 
Published: April 2023

Background
Childbirth has become increasingly medicalised, which may impact on the mother’s birth experience and her newborn infant’s physiology and behaviour. Although associations have been found between a mother’s subjective birth experience and her baby’s temperament, there is limited qualitative evidence around how and why this may occur.

Objectives
This qualitative study aimed to explore mothers’ childbirth and postnatal experiences, perceptions of their baby’s early behavioural style, and whether they saw these as related.

Methods
A qualitative semi-structured interview schedule collected rich in-depth data. Twenty-two healthy mothers over 18 years of age and with healthy infants aged 0–12 months born at term, were recruited from Southwest regions of England and Wales. Thematic analysis was performed on the data.

Results
Mothers experienced childbirth as a momentous physical and psychological process. However, they did not necessarily perceive the birth as affecting their baby’s early behaviour or temperament. While some mothers drew a direct relationship, such as linking a straightforward birth to a calm infant, others did not make an explicit connection, especially those who experienced a challenging birth and postnatal period. Nevertheless, mothers who had a difficult or medicalised birth sometimes reported unsettled infant behaviour. It is possible that mothers who feel anxious or depressed after a challenging birth, or those without a good support network, may simply perceive their infant as more unsettled. Equally, mothers who have been well-supported and experienced an easier birth could be more likely to perceive their baby as easier to care for.

Conclusions
Childbirth is a physical and psychological event that may affect mother-infant wellbeing and influence maternal perceptions of early infant temperament. The present findings add to prior evidence, reinforcing the importance of providing good physical and emotional support during and after childbirth to encourage positive mother-infant outcomes.
Entangled Genders: Unraveling Transformative Justice in the Early Childhood Classroom
Authors: Brody Dylan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In contemporary discourses on transformative justice in education for gender diverse and trans youth, birth to three classrooms are often left out of the conversation. Yet mechanisms of carcerality, such as classism, racism, ableism, heteronormativity, cisnormativity, and xenophobia arise as children construct meaning through their primary method of exploration and learning: play. This article looks more deeply at the complexity of dismantling gendered violence in early childhood spaces, incorporating a liberatory praxis rooted in the work of Black queer feminism, queer theory, and early childhood scholarship. The following is a true story about my experience as a white, closeted, nonbinary trans teacher navigating transphobia with a white two-year-old student exploring gender in the classroom. The aim is not to provide scripted answers but rather to provide critical space to contemplate how we can assist in the healing process as we cultivate safer spaces for ourselves, our colleagues, our students, and their families.
MODELING THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR TO THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT OF KENYA USING TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Authors: Wanyonyi Maurice 
Published: April 2023

The manufacturing sector is considered a pivotal contributor to the growth of the economy around the globe. Kenya relies on the manufacturing sector to generate revenue and ultimately enhance the growth of the economy. Despite the key purpose played by these sectors in the economy, inflation rate has diversely affected their performance. The purpose of the study was to develop the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average time series model to forecast the inflation rate in Kenya. The analysis utilized secondary data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics and the model was fitted to the data using R. The ARIMA with the information criterion of 576.24 was identified as the best model. Based on the forecasting, it was established that there will be a slight shift in the inflation in the coming years. Therefore, the government should use wage and price control to fight inflation but put in place policies to prevent recession and job loss in the country. The government should also employ contractionary monetary policy to fight inflation by reducing the money supply in the economy through decreases bond prices and increased interest rates. Implementation of these recommendations might assist in reducing the rate of inflation in the country.
Skeletal muscle single fiber force production declines early in juvenile male mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Momb Brent A. , Patino Edwin , Akchurin Oleh M. , Miller Mark S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChildren with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently exhibit delayed physical development and reduced physical performance, presumably due to skeletal muscle dysfunction. However, the cellular and molecular basis of skeletal muscle impairment in juvenile CKD remains poorly understood. Cellular (single fiber) and molecular (myosin‐actin interactions and myofilament properties) function was examined ex vivo in slow (soleus) and fast (extensor digitorum longus) contracting muscles of juvenile male (6 weeks old) CKD and control mice. CKD was induced by 0.2% adenine diet for 3 weeks starting at 3 weeks of age. Specific tension (maximal isometric force divided by cross‐sectional area) was reduced in larger myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIA fibers and in all IIB fibers in juvenile male mice with CKD due to fewer strongly bound myosin‐actin cross‐bridges. Fiber cross‐sectional area in juvenile CKD mice was unchanged in MHC I and IIB fibers and increased in MHC IIA fibers, compared to controls. CKD slowed cross‐bridge kinetics (slower rate of myosin force production and longer myosin attachment time, ton) in MHC IIA fibers, and accelerated kinetics (shorter ton) in MHC IIB fibers, which may indicate fiber type dependent shifts in contractile velocity in juvenile CKD. Overall, our findings show that single fiber myopathy is an early event during juvenile CKD, manifesting prior to the development of cellular atrophy as reduced force generation due to fewer strongly bound myosin heads. These results warrant clinical translation and call for early interventions to preserve physical function in children with CKD.
Lesen (Plural) – Ein Bericht aus dem Jahr 2040
Authors: Schaab Rupert 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Als Bericht aus einer wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek des Jahres 2040 werden Entwicklungslinien dargestellt, welche sich aus dem Einsatz von Tracking-Technologien und künstlicher Intelligenz auf das Lesen und Schreiben von Texten ergeben. Dies betrifft neben Lehre, Forschung und Hochschulwesen auch die Weiterentwicklung der Bibliotheksangebote und die Rolle gedruckter Bücher. Zugleich wird die Vielfalt von Lesepraktiken deutlich, welche „Lesen (Plural)“ zu einem zentralen Aufgabenfeld der Bibliotheken macht.
Recommendation for the design of stability studies on clinical specimens
Authors: Gomez-Rioja Rubén , Von Meyer Alexander , Cornes Michael , Costelloe Sean , Vermeersch Pieter , Simundic Ana-Maria , Nybo Mads , Baird Geoffrey Stuart , Kristensen Gunn B.B. , Cadamuro Janne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Knowledge of the stability of analytes in clinical specimens is a prerequisite for proper transport and preservation of samples to avoid laboratory errors. The new version of ISO 15189:2022 and the European directive 2017/746 increase the requirements on this topic for manufacturers and laboratories. Within the project to generate a stability database of European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE), the need to standardise and improve the quality of published stability studies has been detected, being a manifest deficit the absence of international guidelines for the performance of stability studies on clinical specimens.

Methods
These recommendations have been developed and summarised by consensus of the WG-PRE and are intended primarily to improve the quality of sample stability claims included in information for users provided by assay supplier companies, according to the requirements of the new European regulations and standards for accreditation.

Results
This document provides general recommendations for the performance of stability studies, oriented to the estimation of instability equations in the usual working conditions, allowing flexible adaptation of the maximum permissible error specifications to obtain stability limits adapted to the intended use.

Conclusions
We present this recommendation based on the opinions of the EFLM WG-PRE group for the standardisation and improvement of stability studies, with the intention to improve the quality of the studies and the transferability of their results to laboratories.
Comparison between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for differential diagnosis of acute meningitis
Authors: de Almeida Sérgio Monteiro , Castoldi Juliane Rosa , Riechi Salomão Cury 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Given the difficulty in the differential diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis (BM) and viral meningitis (VM), we aimed to compare the ability of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, such as lactate, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), total white blood cell count, and predominance of neutrophils, as single tests to differentiate microbiologically defined acute BM and VM.

Methods
CSF samples were divided into three groups: BM (n=17), VM (n=14) (both with the etiological agent identified), and normal control groups (n=26).

Results
All the biomarkers studied were significantly higher in the BM group than in the VM or control groups (p>0.05). CSF lactate showed the best diagnostic clinical performance characteristics: sensitivity (94.12%), specificity (100%), positive and negative predictive value (100 and 97.56%, respectively), positive and negative likelihood ratio (38.59 and 0.06, respectively), accuracy (98.25%), and AUC (0.97). CSF CRP is excellent for screening BM and VM, as its best feature is its specificity (100%). CSF LDH is not recommended for screening or case-finding. LDH levels were higher in Gram-negative diplococcus than in Gram-positive diplococcus. Other biomarkers were not different between Gram-positive and negative bacteria. The highest level of agreement between the CSF biomarkers was between CSF lactate and CRP [kappa coefficient, 0.91 (0.79; 1.00)].

Conclusions
All markers showed significant differences between the studied groups and were increased in acute BM. CSF lactate is better than the other biomarkers studied for screening acute BM due to its high specificity.