bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial, policy, and ethical barriers to the expansion of living donor liver transplant: Meeting report from a living donor liver transplant consensus conference
Authors: Pillai Anjana , Verna Elizabeth C. , Parikh Neehar D. , Cooper Matthew , Thiessen Carrie , Heimbach Julie , Gordon Elisa J. , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Selzner Nazia , Mathur Amit , Perito Emily R. , Jesse Michelle , Liapakis AnnMarie , Kumar Vineeta ,   AST LDLT Consensus Conference Working Group
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn October 2021, the American Society of Transplantation (AST) hosted a virtual consensus conference aimed at identifying and addressing barriers to the broader, safe expansion of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) throughout the United States (US).MethodsA multidisciplinary group of LDLT experts convened to address issues related to financial implications on the donor, transplant center crisis management, regulatory and oversight policies, and ethical considerations by assessing the relative significance of issues in preventing LDLT growth, with proposed strategies to overcome barriers.ResultsLiving liver donors endure multiple obstacles including financial instability, loss of job security, and potential morbidity. These concerns, along with other center, state, and federal specific policies can be perceived as significant barriers to expanding LDLT. Donor safety is of paramount importance to the transplant community; however, regulatory and oversight policies aimed at ensuring donor safety can be viewed as ambiguous and complicated leading to time‐consuming evaluations that may deter donor motivation and program expansion.ConclusionTransplant programs need to establish appropriate crisis management plans to mitigate potential negative donor outcomes and ensure program viability and stability. Finally, ethical aspects, including informed consent for high‐risk recipients and use of non‐directed donors, can be perceived as additional barriers to expanding LDLT.
Cardiac patterns for differentiation of neurogenic stunned myocardium in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage versus acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chang Jason J. , Fazlalizadeh Hooman , Dowlati Ehsan , Triano Matthew , Withington Charles , Felbaum Daniel R. , Mai Jeffrey C. , Armonda Rocco A. , Kumar Preetham , Kenigsberg Benjamin , Medvedofsky Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsNeurogenic stunned myocardium (NSM) has heterogeneous presentations for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We sought to better define NSM and differences between AIS and SAH by evaluating individual left ventricular (LV) functional patterns by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE).MethodsWe evaluated consecutive patients with SAH and AIS. Via STE, LV longitudinal strain (LS) values of basal, mid, and apical segments were averaged and compared. Different multivariable logistic regression models were created by defining stroke subtype (SAH or AIS) and functional outcome as dependent variables.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐four patients with SAH and AIS were identified. Univariable analyses using the chi‐squared test and independent samples t‐test identified demographic variables and global and regional LS segments with significant differences. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, when comparing AIS to SAH, AIS was associated with older age (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02–1.13, p = 0.01), poor clinical condition on admission (OR 7.74, 95% CI 2.33–25.71, p < 0.001), decreased likelihood of elevated admission serum troponin (OR .09, 95% CI .02–.35, p < 0.001), and worse LS basal segments (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37, p = 0.03).ConclusionIn patients with neurogenic stunned myocardium, significantly impaired LV contraction by LS basal segments was found in patients with AIS but not with SAH. Individual LV segments in our combined SAH and AIS population were also not associated with clinical outcomes. Our findings suggest that strain echocardiography may identify subtle forms of NSM and help differentiate the NSM pathophysiology in SAH and AIS.
Distinct dorsal and ventral streams for binocular rivalry dominance and suppression revealed by magnetoencephalography
Authors: Bock Elizabeth A. , Fesi Jeremy D. , Da Silva Castenheira Jason , Baillet Sylvain , Mendola Janine D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBinocular rivalry is an example of bistable visual perception extensively examined in neuroimaging. Magnetoencephalography can track brain responses to phasic visual stimulations of predetermined frequency and phase to advance our understanding of perceptual dominance and suppression in binocular rivalry. We used left and right eye stimuli that flickered at two tagging frequencies to track their respective oscillatory cortical evoked responses. We computed time‐resolved measures of coherence to track brain responses phase locked with stimulus frequencies and with respect to the participants' indications of alternations of visual rivalry they experienced. We compared the brain maps obtained to those from a non‐rivalrous control replay condition that used physically changing stimuli to mimic rivalry. We found stronger coherence within a posterior cortical network of visual areas during rivalry dominance compared with rivalry suppression and replay control. This network extended beyond the primary visual cortex to several retinotopic visual areas. Moreover, network coherence with dominant percepts in primary visual cortex peaked at least 50 ms prior to the suppressed percept nadir, consistent with the escape theory of alternations. Individual alternation rates were correlated with the rate of change in dominant evoked peaks, but not for the slope of response to suppressed percepts. Effective connectivity measures revealed that dominant (respectively, suppressed) percepts were expressed in dorsal (respectively ventral) streams. We thus demonstrate that binocular rivalry dominance and suppression engage distinct mechanisms and brain networks. These findings advance neural models of rivalry and may relate to more general aspects of selection and suppression in natural vision.
The lived experience of stress for parents in the context of COVID‐19–related disruption
Authors: Painter Felicity L. , Booth Anna T. , Letcher Primrose , Olsson Craig A. , McIntosh Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis mixed methods study sought to explore the lived experience of stress for parents of young dependent children during COVID‐19 lockdowns in Australia.BackgroundPublic health restrictions implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic disproportionately burdened parents as they balanced novel and competing role demands. Despite growing research on impacts to parent mental health, much less is known about parenting at the experiential level during this period.MethodData were derived from free‐text survey responses collected during 2020 in an Australian population cohort study and analyzed in a mixed methods approach focusing on descriptive phenomenology. Twenty‐eight parent accounts of either ‘extreme’ or ‘minimal’ stress experiences were subject to phenomenological analysis of the individual, interpersonal, and contextual factors associated with each stress category.ResultsThree themes defined ‘extreme’ stress experiences: inadequacy of resources to cope, perceived lack of control, and compounding stressors. Two themes characterized ‘minimal’ stress experiences: feeling well resourced to cope and the absence of significant disruption to everyday life.ConclusionFindings highlight three targets in particular: compounding stressors, family relationships, and gendered differences in parental stress.ImplicationsIntervention efforts should focus on better resourcing parents experiencing accumulating stressors through provision of individual and relational support and by addressing the higher burden experienced by mothers compared with fathers across pandemic related lockdowns.
Creatinine index: a retrospective cohort study in an urban Australian dialysis context
Authors: Chandler Shaun , MacLaughlin Helen , Wolley Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to described the relationship between the CI and mortality in an Australian context.IntroductionMaintenance haemodialysis is a catabolic state associated with a significant decrease in lean body mass (LBM) and protein energy wasting. LBM can be derived or estimated from creatinine kinetic modelling, specifically the creatinine index (CI). This has been demonstrated in cohort studies to predict mortality.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐nine patients undergoing haemodialysis in 2015 were included in this cohort. They were followed for 5 years with pertinent clinical data collected to calculate the CI as of December 2015. For analysis, patients were split into a high and low CI group based on the median (18.32 mg/kg/day). The primary outcome of interest was all‐cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, stroke and transplantation.ResultsDuring follow‐up, 69 (76.7%) patients in the low CI group and 28 (31.5%) patients in the high CI group died (P < 0.001). The relative risk (RR) of mortality within the low compared with the high CI group was 2.43 (95% confidence interval, 1.75–3.38). Fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards modelling demonstrated a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.498 (95% CI, 0.292–0.848) for survival in the high CI group. Lower CI was associated with increased risk of stroke (RR, 5.43 [95% CI, 1.24–23.84]), whereas transplant was more likely in the high CI group (RR, 6.4 [95% confidence interval, 1.96–20.88]).ConclusionsIn a single‐centre Australian haemodialysis cohort, the CI was strongly associated with mortality and stroke risk. The CI is an accurate and simple method to identify patients with low LBM at risk for significant morbidity and mortality.
Descriptions of two new species of the botiid genus Leptobotia Bleeker, 1870 (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from South China
Authors: Guo Dong‐Ming , Cao Liang , Zhang E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo new species of Leptobotia are here described as L. rotundilobus from the Xin'an‐Jiang of the upper Qiantang‐Jiang basin in both Anhui and Zhejiang Provinces and the Cao'e‐Jiang in Zhejiang Province, and L. paucipinna from the Qing‐Jiang of the middle Chang‐Jiang basin in Hubei Province, South China. Both have a plain brown body as found in L. bellacauda Bohlen & Šlechtová, 2016, L. microphthalma Fu & Ye, 1983, L. posterodorsalis Chen & Lan, 1992 and L. tientainensis (Wu, 1930). The two new species are distinct from these species in vertebral counts, further from L. posterodorsalis in vent placement and further from the other three species in pectoral‐fin length. Both differ in caudal‐fin coloration and shape, and dorsal‐fin location and coloration, and also in internal morphology. Their validity is confirmed by their own monophyly recovered in a phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cyt b and COI genes.
KIT A502_Y503 duplication mutation serves as a potential and universal target for neoantigen peptide in Chinese GIST patients
Authors: Liu Fangcen , Wang Qin , Li Yishan , Li Lin , Shi Jiaochun , Fan Xiangshan , Pan Qiuyue , Li Rutian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and AimGastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor with high prevalence of KIT and PDGFRA mutations. Few effective treatments can be exploited in imatinib or sunitinib resistant cases. While in immunotherapy, application of the highly individualized cancer neoantigen vaccines is hampered due to high economic and time cost. In this study we identified the most frequent mutation in Chinese GIST patients and predicted candidate neopeptide by next generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsTumor tissues and matched blood samples of 116 Chinese GIST patients were collected. Genomic profile was detected through NGS, and 450 cancer genes were deeply sequenced. KIT mutations were identified, and long peptides containing the mutation were queried in NetMHCpan 4.0 tools to predict MHC class I binding of mutant peptides.ResultsThe most frequent mutated genes in detected GIST patients were KIT (81.9%, 95/116), CDKN2A (18.97%, 22/116), and CDKN2B (15.52%, 18/116) in this cohort. The most common mutation of KIT was A502_Y503 duplication (15.93%, 18/113) in exon 9. Among the 116 cases, 103 were HLA I genotyped, and 101 were HLA II genotyped. In total, 16 samples with the mutation of KIT p.A502_Y503dup were identified to produce neoantigens with qualified HLA affinity.ConclusionsKIT hotspot mutation (p.A502_Y503dup) has the highest incidence, which may further eliminate the need for whole genome sequencing and patient‐specific neoantigen prediction and synthesis. Therefore, for those carrying such mutation, accounting for around 16% of Chinese GIST patients and are usually less sensitive to imatinib, effective immunotherapies are in prospect.
Who Owns What? A Factor Model for Direct Stockholding
Authors: BALASUBRAMANIAM VIMAL , CAMPBELL JOHN Y. , RAMADORAI TARUN , RANISH BENJAMIN 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe build a cross‐sectional factor model for investors' direct stockholdings and estimate it using data from almost 10 million retail accounts in the Indian stock market. Our model identifies strong investor clienteles for stock characteristics, most notably firm age and share price, and for particular clusters of stock characteristics. These clienteles are intuitively associated with investor attributes such as account age, size, and diversification. Coheld stocks tend to have higher return covariance, inconsistent with simple models of diversification but suggestive that clientele demands influence stock returns.
Trends in dental insurance claims in the United States in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic: A 3‐year perspective (2019–2022)
Authors: Maupome Gerardo , Scully Allison C. , Yepes Juan F. , Eckert George J. , Downey Timothy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe showed in a previous analysis the patterns of disruption for private dental insurance claims in the United States caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic in 2020. The present report examines trends during 2020 and 2021, that is, contrasting perspectives during 2019 with the acute phase of the pandemic in 2020, and 2021.MethodsPrivate dental insurance paid claims from a data warehouse were obtained, encompassing a 5% random sample of records between January 2019 and December 2021 for child and adult insureds who filed a claim in 2019, 2020, and 2021. We classified claims into one of four categories based on the likelihood of being associated with urgent/emergency care.ResultsThe precipitous reduction in dental care claims in March–June 2020 recovered to almost pre‐pandemic levels by the fall of 2020. However, a downward decline in private dental insurance claims started in the late fall of 2020 and continued through 2021. Differential impacts in dental care categories—in terms of urgency of care—were evident 2021, closely resembling previous trends in 2020.ConclusionsDental care claims from the first year of the 2020 SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic were contrasted with perspectives in 2021. A downward trend in demand/availability changes in dental care insurance claims set in for 2021, perhaps linked to perceptions of the overall economic situation. Such downward trend has continued overall, even after considering seasonal changes and the acceleration of the pandemic during the Delta, Omicron, and other variants.
Differential gene expression and mitonuclear incompatibilities in fast‐ and slow‐developing interpopulation Tigriopus californicus hybrids
Authors: Healy Timothy M. , Burton Ronald S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMitochondrial functions are intimately reliant on proteins and RNAs encoded in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, leading to inter‐genomic coevolution within taxa. Hybridization can break apart coevolved mitonuclear genotypes, resulting in decreased mitochondrial performance and reduced fitness. This hybrid breakdown is an important component of outbreeding depression and early‐stage reproductive isolation. However, the mechanisms contributing to mitonuclear interactions remain poorly resolved. Here, we scored variation in developmental rate (a proxy for fitness) among reciprocal F2 interpopulation hybrids of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus and used RNA sequencing to assess differences in gene expression between fast‐ and slow‐developing hybrids. In total, differences in expression associated with developmental rate were detected for 2925 genes, whereas only 135 genes were differentially expressed as a result of differences in mitochondrial genotype. Upregulated expression in fast developers was enriched for genes involved in chitin‐based cuticle development, oxidation–reduction processes, hydrogen peroxide catabolic processes and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. In contrast, upregulation in slow developers was enriched for DNA replication, cell division, DNA damage and DNA repair. Eighty‐four nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial genes were differentially expressed between fast‐ and slow‐developing copepods, including 12 subunits of the electron transport system (ETS) which all had higher expression in fast developers than in slow developers. Nine of these genes were subunits of ETS complex I. Our results emphasize the major roles that mitonuclear interactions within the ETS, particularly in complex I, play in hybrid breakdown, and resolve strong candidate genes for involvement in mitonuclear interactions.
PIN‐FORMED is required for shoot phototropism/gravitropism and facilitates meristem formation in Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Fisher Tom J. , Flores‐Sandoval Eduardo , Alvarez John P. , Bowman John L. 
Published: March 2023

Summary

PIN‐FORMED auxin efflux transporters, a subclass of which is plasma membrane‐localised, mediate a variety of land‐plant developmental processes via their polar localisation and subsequent directional auxin transport. We provide the first characterisation of PIN proteins in liverworts using Marchantia polymorpha as a model system. Marchantia polymorpha possesses a single PIN‐FORMED gene, whose protein product is predicted to be plasma membrane‐localised, MpPIN1.

To characterise MpPIN1, we created loss‐of‐function alleles and produced complementation lines in both M. polymorpha and Arabidopsis. In M. polymorpha, gene expression and protein localisation were tracked using an MpPIN1 transgene encoding a translationally fused fluorescent protein.

Overexpression of MpPIN1 can partially complement loss of an orthologous gene, PIN‐FORMED1, in Arabidopsis. In M. polymorpha, MpPIN1 influences development in numerous ways throughout its life cycle. Most notably, MpPIN1 is required to establish gemmaling dorsiventral polarity and for orthotropic growth of gametangiophore stalks, where MpPIN1 is basally polarised.

PIN activity is largely conserved within land plants, with PIN‐mediated auxin flow providing a flexible mechanism to organise growth. Specifically, PIN is fundamentally linked to orthotropism and to the establishment of de novo meristems, the latter potentially involving the formation of both auxin biosynthesis maxima and auxin‐signalling minima.
An investigation of barriers and enablers to community eye care for children in England: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Wilson Salma , Ctori Irene , Shah Rakhee , Conway Miriam L. , Willis Sophie J. , Suttle Catherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeResearch suggests that there are challenges in the accessibility of eye care for children in England. This study explores the barriers and enablers to eye examinations for children under 5 years of age from the perspective of community optometrists in England.MethodsOptometrists working in community settings were invited to participate in virtual focus group discussions using an online platform based on a topic guide. The discussions were audio‐recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Themes were derived from the focus group data based on the study aim and research question.ResultsThirty optometrists participated in the focus group discussions. The overarching themes identified as barriers to eye examinations for young children in a community setting were as follows: ‘Time and Money’, ‘Knowledge, Skills and Confidence’, ‘Awareness and Communication’, ‘Range of Attitudes’ and ‘Clinical Setting’. The key themes for enabling eye examinations for young children were as follows: ‘Improving behaviour’, ‘Enhancing training and education’, ‘Enhancing eye care services’, ‘Raising awareness’, ‘Changes in professional bodies’ and ‘Balancing commercial pressures and health care’.ConclusionTime, money, training and equipment are perceived by optometrists as key factors in providing an eye examination for a young child. This study identified a need for improved training and robust governance related to eye examinations for young children. There is a need for change within eye care service delivery such that all children, regardless of age and ability, are examined regularly, and by conducting these examinations, optometrists remain confident.
Utility of paced breathing tablet guidance apparatus with real‐time feedback on autonomic function for individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study
Authors: Tanaka Mieko , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Asada Takashi 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) individuals also show significant parasympathetic deficits, while autonomic nervous system (ANS) flexibility can strengthen cognitive and brain function. Paced (or slow) breathing has significant effects on the ANS and is associated with relaxation and well‐being. However, paced breathing requires considerable time and practice, a significant barrier to its widespread adoption. Feedback systems appear promising to make practice more time‐efficient. A tablet guidance system providing real‐time feedback on autonomic function was developed for MCI individuals and tested for efficacy.MethodsIn this single‐blind study, 14 outpatients with MCI practised with the device for 5 min twice a day for 2 weeks. The active group received feedback (FB+), whereas the placebo group (FB–) did not. Coefficient of variation of R‐R intervals as the outcome indicator was measured immediately after the first intervention (T1), the end of the 2‐week intervention (T2), and 2 weeks later (T3).ResultsThe mean outcome of the FB– group remained unchanged during the study period, whereas the outcome value of the FB+ group increased and retained the intervention effect for an additional 2 weeks.ConclusionsResults indicate this FB system‐integrated apparatus may be useful for MCI patients for effectively learning paced breathing.