bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of high school students’ statistical literacy across grade level
Authors: Kurnia Achmad Badrun , Lowrie Tom , Patahuddin Sitti Maesuri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe capacity to interrogate data with critical thinking is a strong predictor of statistical literacy (SL). This data interrogation, from the data consumers’ perspective, incorporates four complex response skills: interpreting, communicating, evaluating, and decision-making, and those skills are strongly supported by students’ appreciation of three interrelated knowledge components (text and context, representation, and statistical-mathematical knowledge). Due to the need to be critical data-information readers, students’ SL should develop during their formal schooling. The aim of this paper was to investigate differences in SL between Indonesian year 9 and year 12 students and between female and male students. The same test was administered to 48 year 9 students (50% females) and 48 year 12 students (50% females) from 16 different schools in Indonesia. Findings revealed that the highest percentage of year 9 and 12 students demonstrated evidence of consistent but non-critical thinking (level 4), suggesting that they exhibited their statistical knowledge but not in critical ways. There were 42% of year 9 students showing limited statistical thinking (levels 1 to 3) compared to 17% of year 12 students. Furthermore, while there were no significant gender differences in students’ SL and its all skills, the study shows significant grade level differences in overall SL as well as in its skills except interpreting. Implications of this study include the development of a framework that provides a coherent assessment of students’ SL from a data consumers’ perspective, along with suggestions for classroom teaching.
Sexual self-concept, functioning, and practices of women with binge eating episodes
Authors: Martin Geneviève Manuela , Tremblay Jérôme , Gagnon-Girouard Marie-Pierre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposePositive sexuality has received little empirical attention in relation to eating disorders. Two tendencies related to sexuality have been identified among women with anorexia nervosa (avoidance) and bulimia nervosa (disinhibition), but it is unclear if they also apply to women with binge eating episodes without compensatory behaviors. This study aimed at (1) exploring the sexual self-concept, functioning, and practices of women with binge eating episodes with or without comorbid restrictive and/or compensatory behaviors, considering past experiences of violence, and (2) verifying the presence of distinct profiles of sexual dispositions among this population.MethodsIn total, 253 women reporting recurrent episodes of loss of control related to food intake in the past 5 years, completed a web-based questionnaire. Descriptive and correlational analyses were conducted to outline participants’ sexual self-concept, functioning, and practices and to examine the relationship between these factors. A two-step cluster analysis was also performed to determine whether participants presented distinct profiles of sexual dispositions.ResultsParticipants were generally characterized by a negative sexual self-concept and poor sexual functioning. While a first subgroup of participants displayed a pattern of sexual difficulties and avoidance, a second subgroup had a positive sexual self-concept, better sexual functioning and a wider range of sexual practices. Subgroups did not differ relative to binge eating.ConclusionsSexuality offers a platform for positive embodiment, which can lead to the improvement of body image and mind–body connection and may thus constitute an essential clinical target to improve treatment related to binge eating episodes.Level of evidence:Level II: The experimental study is a non-randomized controlled trial.
Important Considerations for Signal Detection and Evaluation
Authors: Buchanan James , Li Mengchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSafety clinicians have a wealth of resources describing how to perform signal detection. Nevertheless, there are some nuances concerning approaches taken by regulatory authorities and statistical considerations that should be appreciated. New approaches, such as the FDA Medical Queries, illustrate the value of considering medical concepts over individual adverse events. One area which would benefit from further clarity is how safety signals may be evaluated for evidence of a causal relationship to the drug of interest. Just as such safety signals can take many forms, the types of tools and methods required to interrogate these signals are equally as diverse. An understanding of the complexity of this process can aid the safety reviewer in successfully characterizing the emerging safety profile of a drug during the pre-marketing phase of development.
Prospective association between adherence to UK dietary guidelines in school-age children and cardiometabolic risk markers in adolescence/early adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort
Authors: Buckland Genevieve , Taylor Caroline M. , Emmett Pauline M. , Northstone Kate 
Published: April 2023

AbstractResearch into how alignment to UK dietary guidelines during childhood affects cardiometabolic health is limited. The association between adherence to UK dietary guidelines during childhood and overall cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adolescence/early adulthood was explored using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). ALSPAC children with diet diaries completed at 7, 10 and 13 years of age, and data on CMR markers at 17 years (n 1940) and 24 years (n 1957) were included. A children’s Eatwell Guide (C-EWG) score was created by comparing dietary intakes at each age to UK dietary guidelines for nine foods/nutrients. Cardiometabolic health at 17 and 24 years was assessed using a composite CMR score. Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between C-EWG scores at 7, 10 and 13 years and the CMR score at 17 and 24 years, adjusting for confounders. C-EWG scores were generally low. However, a higher score (adherence to more dietary guidelines) at 7 years old was associated with a lower CMR score at 17 and 24 years: β −0·13 (95 % CI −0·25, –0·01) and β −0·25 (95 % CI −0·38, –0·13) for a 1-point increase in C-EWG score, respectively. A higher C-EWG score at 10 years was also associated with a lower CMR z-score at 24 years. No clear associations were evident at other ages. Greater adherence to UK dietary guidelines during mid-childhood was associated with a better overall cardiometabolic profile, suggesting that encouraging children to eat in this way has long-term benefits to health.
Applicant and Match Trends to Geriatric-Focused Postgraduate Medical Training in Canada: A Descriptive Analysis
Authors: Correia Rebecca H. , Dash Darly , Hogeveen Sophie , Woo Tricia , Kay Kelly , Costa Andrew P. , Siu Henry Yu-Hin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhysicians with postgraduate training in caring for older adults–geriatricians, geriatric psychiatrists, and Care of the Elderly family physicians (FM-COE)–have expertise in managing complex care needs. Deficits in the geriatric-focused physician workforce coupled with the aging demographic necessitate an increase in training and clinical positions. Descriptive analyses of data from established matching systems have not occurred to understand the preferences and outcomes of applicants to geriatric-focused postgraduate training. This study describes applicant and match trends for geriatric-focused postgraduate training in Canada. In this retrospective cohort study, data from the Canadian Resident Matching Service and FM-COE program directors were analysed to examine program quotas, applicants’ preferences, and match outcomes by medical school and over time. Based on their first-choice specialty ranking, applicants to geriatric medicine and FM-COE signalled a preference to pursue these programs and tended to match successfully. The proportion of unfilled training positions has increased in recent years, and the number of applicants has not increased consistently over time. There is a disparity between applicants to geriatric-focused training and the health human resources to meet population-level needs. Garnering interest among medical trainees is essential to address access and equity gaps.
Experimental Determination of Mercury Photoreduction Rates in Cloudwater
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Bailey Neal , Wang Feiyue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRedox chemistry controls the behavior of mercury during long‐range atmospheric transport. Despite major progress in understanding the oxidation process in the atmosphere, the mechanism of mercury reduction, especially the aqueous‐phase and multi‐phase reactions in cloudwater, remains poorly known. Here we report experimentally determined rates of in‐cloud mercury photoreduction using cloudwater samples collected from a forested area in the Canary Islands, Spain. Mercury concentrations in cloudwater varied greatly from 0.04 to 19.9 nM (7.89 ± 6.11 nM) for total mercury and 0.02 to 4.98 nM (1.16 ± 1.49 nM) for the dissolved fraction, with particulate mercury being the dominant fraction in most of the samples. The mercury concentrations were elevated in comparison with those previously reported for atmospheric waters, reflecting the impact of a large‐scale forest wildfire that occurred shortly before the sampling campaign on a neighboring island. Mercury photoreduction was determined by two independent methods: under natural solar radiation at a nearby mountain site located in the free troposphere and under UV radiation in the laboratory. In addition to aqueous‐phase photoreduction, multi‐phase photoreduction involving particulate mercury also occurred in cloudwater, with the latter becoming dominant once dissolved mercury had been depleted. Overall, the pseudo‐first‐order rate constants for in‐cloud mercury photoreduction varied from 0.07 to 0.21 hr−1, which are one order of magnitude lower than the values presumed in global mercury transport models. Our results suggest that in‐cloud reactions alone are insufficient to account for mercury reduction in the atmosphere and that other pathways, such as gas‐phase reactions, must exist and need to be properly incorporated into future models.
Integrated transcriptome catalog of Tenualosa ilisha as a resource for gene discovery and expression profiling
Authors: Chowdhury Md. Arko Ayon , Islam Md. Rakibul , Amin Al , Mou Sadia Noor , Ullah Kazi Newaz , Baten Abdul , Shoyaib Mohammad , Ali Amin Ahsan , Chowdhury Farhana Tasnim , Rahi Md. Lifat , Khan Haseena , Amin M Ashraful , Islam Mohammad Riazul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe silver pride of Bangladesh, migratory shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hilsa), makes the highest contribution to the total fish production of Bangladesh. Despite its noteworthy contribution, a well-annotated transcriptome data is not available. Here we report a transcriptomic catalog of Hilsa, constructed by assembling RNA-Seq reads from different tissues of the fish including brain, gill, kidney, liver, and muscle. Hilsa fish were collected from different aquatic habitats (fresh, brackish, and sea water) and the sequencing was performed in the next generation sequencing (NGS) platform. De novo assembly of the sequences obtained from 46 cDNA libraries revealed 462,085 transcript isoforms that were subsequently annotated using the Universal Protein Resource Knowledgebase (UniPortKB) as a reference. Starting from the sampling to final annotation, all the steps along with the workflow are reported here. This study will provide a significant resource for ongoing and future research on Hilsa for transcriptome based expression profiling and identification of candidate genes.
Circulating proteins to predict COVID-19 severity
Authors: Su Chen-Yang , Zhou Sirui , Gonzalez-Kozlova Edgar , Butler-Laporte Guillaume , Brunet-Ratnasingham Elsa , Nakanishi Tomoko , Jeon Wonseok , Morrison David R. , Laurent Laetitia , Afilalo Jonathan , Afilalo Marc , Henry Danielle , Chen Yiheng , Carrasco-Zanini Julia , Farjoun Yossi , Pietzner Maik , Kimchi Nofar , Afrasiabi Zaman , Rezk Nardin , Bouab Meriem , Petitjean Louis , Guzman Charlotte , Xue Xiaoqing , Tselios Chris , Vulesevic Branka , Adeleye Olumide , Abdullah Tala , Almamlouk Noor , Moussa Yara , DeLuca Chantal , Duggan Naomi , Schurr Erwin , Brassard Nathalie , Durand Madeleine , Del Valle Diane Marie , Thompson Ryan , Cedillo Mario A. , Schadt Eric , Nie Kai , Simons Nicole W. , Mouskas Konstantinos , Zaki Nicolas , Patel Manishkumar , Xie Hui , Harris Jocelyn , Marvin Robert , Cheng Esther , Tuballes Kevin , Argueta Kimberly , Scott Ieisha ,   The Mount Sinai COVID-19 Biobank Team, Greenwood Celia M. T. , Paterson Clare , Hinterberg Michael A. , Langenberg Claudia , Forgetta Vincenzo , Pineau Joelle , Mooser Vincent , Marron Thomas , Beckmann Noam D. , Kim-schulze Seunghee , Charney Alexander W. , Gnjatic Sacha , Kaufmann Daniel E. , Merad Miriam , Richards J. Brent 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicting COVID-19 severity is difficult, and the biological pathways involved are not fully understood. To approach this problem, we measured 4701 circulating human protein abundances in two independent cohorts totaling 986 individuals. We then trained prediction models including protein abundances and clinical risk factors to predict COVID-19 severity in 417 subjects and tested these models in a separate cohort of 569 individuals. For severe COVID-19, a baseline model including age and sex provided an area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) of 65% in the test cohort. Selecting 92 proteins from the 4701 unique protein abundances improved the AUC to 88% in the training cohort, which remained relatively stable in the testing cohort at 86%, suggesting good generalizability. Proteins selected from different COVID-19 severity were enriched for cytokine and cytokine receptors, but more than half of the enriched pathways were not immune-related. Taken together, these findings suggest that circulating proteins measured at early stages of disease progression are reasonably accurate predictors of COVID-19 severity. Further research is needed to understand how to incorporate protein measurement into clinical care.
Influence of hydrodynamic and functional nonlinearities of blood flow in the cerebral vasculature on cerebral perfusion and autoregulation pressure reserve
Authors: Piechna Adam , Cieślicki Krzysztof 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnsuring the transport of oxygenated blood to the brain is one of the priorities of the human body. In the literature, there are many models of cerebral circulation with different levels of complexity used to assess pathological conditions, support clinical decisions, and learn about the relationships governing cerebral circulation. This paper presents a zero-dimensional cerebral circulation model that considers hydrodynamic nonlinearities and autoregulation mechanisms. The model has been verified using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the Circle of Willis (CoW) and its supplying and outgoing branches. Despite the considerable simplicity, the presented model captured the dominant features of cerebral circulation and provides good agreement with the CFD model. The errors in relation to the CFD model did not exceed 2.6% and 9.9% for the symmetrical and highly asymmetrical CoW configurations, respectively. The practical application of the model was demonstrated for predicting the autoregulation pressure reserve for different diameters of natural anastomoses: Posterior and Anterior Communicating Arteries. The advantages and limitations of the model were discussed.
Histological and contractile changes in the genioglossus muscle after nasal obstruction in growing rats
Authors: Koecklin Karin Harumi Uchima , Kato Chiho , Abe Yasunori , Yabushita Tadachika , Kokai Satoshi , Ono Takashi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study was to address the genioglossus muscle physiological and histological changes after unilateral nasal obstruction in growing rats. Fifty-four 6-day-old male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into control (n = 27) and experimental (n = 27) groups. Unilateral nasal obstruction was performed at 8 days old. Contractile properties of the genioglossus whole muscle were measured at 5-, 7- and 9-week-old, including the twitch and tetanic forces, contraction time, half-decay time, and fatigue index. The histological characteristics of the genioglossus were also evaluated at 5-, 7- and 9-week-old, analyzing the myosin heavy chain composition of the slow, fast, IIa and IIb muscle fiber type, by measuring the number, rate, diameter and cross-sectional area. The maximal twitch force, and tetanic force at 60 Hz and 80 Hz force was significantly increased at all ages after nasal obstruction. The fatigue index was decreased at 5 weeks-old after nasal obstruction. The diameter and cross-sectional area of the fast, IIa and IIb muscle fiber types were increased at 7 and 9 weeks after nasal obstruction, while only the diameter of IIa type and cross-sectional area of IIb type were increased at 5 weeks-old after nasal obstruction. Nasal obstruction during growth affects the whole genioglossus muscle contractile properties and histological characteristics, increasing its force, the diameter and area of its muscle fibers. These changes in the genioglossus muscle may affect the normal growth, development and function of the craniofacial complex.
Computational modeling and simulation of epithelial wound closure
Authors: Bai Jie , Zeng Xiaowei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWounds in the epithelium may lead to serious injurious events or chronic inflammatory diseases, however, multicellular organisms have the ability to self-repair wounds through the movement of epithelial cell toward the wound area. Despite intensive studies exploring the mechanism of wound closure, the role of mechanics in epithelial wound closure is still not well explained. In order to investigate the role of mechanical properties on wound closure process, a three-dimensional continuum physics-based computational model is presented in this study. The model takes into account the material property of the epithelial cell, intercellular interactions between neighboring cells at cell–cell junctions, and cell-substrate adhesion between epithelial cells and ECM. Through finite element simulation, it is found that the closure efficiency is related to the initial gap size and the intensity of lamellipodial protrusion. It is also shown that cells at the wound edge undergo higher stress compared with other cells in the epithelial monolayer, and the cellular normal stress dominates over the cellular shear stress. The model presented in this study can be employed as a numerical tool to unravel the mechanical principles behind the complex wound closure process. These results might have the potential to improve effective wound management and optimize the treatment.
Phosphatidylinositol metabolism of the renal proximal tubule S3 segment is disturbed in response to diabetes
Authors: Rietjens Rosalie G. J. , Wang Gangqi , van der Velden Anouk I. M. , Koudijs Angela , Avramut M. Cristina , Kooijman Sander , Rensen Patrick C. N. , van der Vlag Johan , Rabelink Ton J. , Heijs Bram , van den Berg Bernard M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiabetes is a main risk factor for kidney disease, causing diabetic nephropathy in close to half of all patients with diabetes. Metabolism has recently been identified to be decisive in cell fate decisions and repair. Here we used mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) to identify tissue specific metabolic dysregulation, in order to better understand early diabetes-induced metabolic changes of renal cell types. In our experimental diabetes mouse model, early glomerular glycocalyx barrier loss and systemic metabolic changes were observed. In addition, MSI targeted at small molecule metabolites and glycero(phospho)lipids exposed distinct changes upon diabetes in downstream nephron segments. Interestingly, the outer stripe of the outer medullar proximal tubular segment (PT_S3) demonstrated the most distinct response compared to other segments. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol lipid metabolism was altered specifically in PT_S3, with one of the phosphatidylinositol fatty acid tails being exchanged from longer unsaturated fatty acids to shorter, more saturated fatty acids. In acute kidney injury, the PT_S3 segment and its metabolism are already recognized as important factors in kidney repair processes. The current study exposes early diabetes-induced changes in membrane lipid composition in this PT_S3 segment as a hitherto unrecognized culprit in the early renal response to diabetes.
Detection of the chronic kidney disease using XGBoost classifier and explaining the influence of the attributes on the model using SHAP
Authors: Raihan Md. Johir , Khan Md. Al-Masrur , Kee Seong-Hoon , Nahid Abdullah-Al 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition distinguished by structural and functional changes to the kidney over time. Studies show that 10% of adults worldwide are affected by some kind of CKD, resulting in 1.2 million deaths. Recently, CKD has emerged as a leading cause of mortality worldwide, making it necessary to develop a Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD) system to diagnose CKD automatically. Machine Learning (ML) based CAD system can be used by a clinician to automatically diagnoses mass people. Since ML models are considered a black box, it is also necessary to expose influential causes behind a model's prediction of a particular output. So that, a doctor can make a more rational decision based on the model's output and analysis of the features influence on the model. In this paper, we have used the XGBoost as the ML classifier to predict whether a patient has CKD or not. Using the XGBoost classifier, we have obtained an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of$$99.16{\%}, 100{\%}, 98.68{\%},$$99.16%,100%,98.68%,and$$99.33{\%},$$99.33%,respectively using all$$24$$24features. Furthermore, we have used Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm to find an effective subset of the features. The BBO algorithm selected almost half of the initial features. We have obtained an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of$$98.33{\%}, 100{\%}, 97.36{\%},$$98.33%,100%,97.36%,and$$98.67{\%},$$98.67%,respectively using only 13 features selected by the BBO algorithm. Finally, we have explained the impact of the feature on the ML models using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis. Using SHAP analysis and BBO algorithm, we have found that hemoglobin and albumin mostly contribute to the detection of CKD.
A paired emitter–detector diode-based photometer for the determination of sodium hypochlorite adulteration in milk
Authors: Bastan Narges , Ahmadi Mazaher , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Afkhami Abbas , Khalili Sina , Majidi Mohsen , Moradi Mohammadreza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on developing a low cost but efficient paired emitter–detector diode (PEDD)-based photometer. The photometer consists of a white light-emitting diode (LED) as the emitter diode, an RGB LED as the detector diode, and a multimeter for recoding the signal. The developed PEDD-based photometer was utilized for the determination of liquid bleach adulteration in cow milk samples. N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate aqueous solution of pH 6 was used as a probe to monitor the presence of residual active chlorine in milk. The results showed that the developed method could be used to determine sodium hypochlorite in the concentration range of 0.5 to 20.0 ppm Cl2 with 0.14 and 0.46 ppm Cl2 limit of detection and limit of quantification, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions of the method at two concentration levels of 5.5 and 13.7 ppm Cl2 were 1.04% and 0.52%, and 1.81% and 1.02%, respectively. The recoveries of 114.2% and 106.9% were obtained for 5.5 and 13.7 ppm Cl2 concentrations levels, respectively. Real sample analyzes results showed that “maybe” liquid bleach adulteration in milk is the case for local distributors of raw milk.