bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 Attenuates Myocardial and Mitochondrial Injury in Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chen Tangtian , Ye Liang , Zhu Jing , Tan Bin , Yi Qin , Sun Yanting , Xie Qiumin , Xiang Han , Wang Rui , Tian Jie , Xu Hao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) is a cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis, with mitochondrial dysfunction being a critical contributor. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is a kinase of pyruvate dehydrogenase with multifaceted actions in mitochondrial metabolism. However, its role in SIC remains unknown.

Methods
Serum PDK4 levels were measured and analyzed in 27 children with SIC, 30 children with sepsis, and 29 healthy children. In addition, for mice exhibiting SIC, the effects of PDK4 knockdown or inhibition on the function and structure of the myocardium and mitochondria were assessed.

Results
The findings from the analysis of children with SIC revealed that PDK4 was significantly elevated and correlated with disease severity and organ injury. Nonsurvivors displayed higher serum PDK4 levels than survivors. Furthermore, mice with SIC benefited from PDK4 knockdown or inhibition, showing improved myocardial contractile function, reduced myocardial injury, and decreased mitochondrial structural injury and dysfunction. In addition, inhibition of PDK4 decreased the inhibitory phosphorylation of PDHE1α (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 subunit α) and improved abnormal pyruvate metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusions
PDK4 is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of SIC. In experimental SIC, PDK4 promoted mitochondrial dysfunction with increased phosphorylation of PDHE1α and abnormal pyruvate metabolism.
Modelling calibration uncertainty in networks of environmental sensors
Authors: Smith Michael Thomas , Ross Magnus , Ssematimba Joel , Álvarez Mauricio A , Bainomugisha Engineer , Wilkinson Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Networks of low-cost environmental sensors are becoming ubiquitous, but often suffer from poor accuracies and drift. Regular colocation with reference sensors allows recalibration but is complicated and expensive. Alternatively, the calibration can be transferred using low-cost, mobile sensors. However, inferring the calibration (with uncertainty) becomes difficult. We propose a variational approach to model the calibration across the network. We demonstrate the approach on synthetic and real air pollution data and find it can perform better than the state-of-the-art (multi-hop calibration). In Summary: The method achieves uncertainty-quantified calibration, which has been one of the barriers to low-cost sensor deployment.
Molecular analysis of broad-spectrum induced resistance in rice by the green leaf volatile Z-3-hexenyl acetate
Authors: Desmedt Willem , Ameye Maarten , Filipe Osvaldo , De Waele Evelien , Van Nieuwerburgh Filip , Deforce Dieter , Van Meulebroek Lieven , Vanhaecke Lynn , Kyndt Tina , Höfte Monica , Audenaert Kris 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), volatile organic compounds released by plants upon tissue damage, are key signaling molecules in plant immunity. The ability of exogenous GLV application to trigger an induced resistance (IR) phenotype against arthropod pests has been widely reported, but its effectiveness against plant pathogens is less well understood. In this study, we combined mRNA sequencing-based transcriptomics and phytohormone measurements with multispectral imaging-based precision phenotyping to gain insights into the molecular basis of Z-3-hexenyl acetate-induced resistance (Z-3-HAC-IR) in rice. Furthermore, we evaluated the efficacy of Z-3-HAC-IR against a panel of economically significant rice pathogens: Pyricularia oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, and Meloidogyne graminicola. Our data revealed rapid induction of jasmonate metabolism and systemic induction of plant immune responses upon Z-3-HAC exposure, as well as a transient allocation cost due to accelerated chlorophyll degradation and nutrient remobilization. Z-3-HAC-IR proved effective against all tested pathogens except for C. miyabeanus, including against the (hemi)biotrophs M. graminicola, X. oryzae pv. oryzae, and P. oryzae. The Z-3-HAC-IR phenotype was lost in the jasmonate (JA)-deficient hebiba mutant, which confirms the causal role of JA in Z-3-HAC-IR. Together, our results show that GLV exposure in rice induces broad-spectrum, JA-mediated disease resistance with limited allocation costs, and may thus be a promising alternative crop protection approach.
Bisimulation in model-changing modal logics: An algorithmic study
Authors: Ghosh Sujata , Gupta Shreyas , Li Lei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We discuss the notion of bisimulation in various model-changing modal logics and provide an algorithmic study of the same. We provide a general algorithm which gives an overall procedure to check whether two models are bisimilar in all these logics. Through our algorithmic analyses we provide a PSPACE upper bound of the bisimulation/model comparison problem of all these modal logics. We also provide some insight into the higher complexity of the model comparison problem for these logics compared to that for the basic modal logic.
Aerobic and anaerobic responses to training
Authors: McNarry Melitta A , Armstrong Neil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRecent decades have seen a dramatic increase in research focused on the influence of training on the aerobic and anaerobic fitness of youth. This has led to a growing body of evidence that suggests that children and adolescents are able to respond to training, irrespective of their maturity level. Specifically, peak oxygen uptake (V.O2peak) and pulmonary V.O2 kinetics are well-evidenced to be enhanced with training, with more tentative evidence to suggest similar adaptations in the lactate/gas exchange threshold and exercise economy. In terms of anaerobic fitness, peak and mean power are generally reported to be increased following training, although speed may be more variable as it is a multifaceted outcome also influenced by motor coordination and anthropometrics. This evidence therefore refutes the notion of a maturational threshold and has important implications for the design of appropriate training programmes for and talent identification in youth athletes. In terms of designing effective training programmes, evidence continues to support the importance of intensity rather than duration in eliciting training-related adaptations in youth. There does, however, remain a paucity of research with regard to the influence of training on many parameters of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness and too few methodologically robust studies to draw conclusions in many areas. Significant work remains to be done in the field of paediatric trainability and the mechanistic basis for training-related adaptations.
Development and training of speed and agility
Authors: Oliver Jon L , Lloyd Rhodri S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Speed and agility are fundamental locomotive skills that form the basis of many physical activities and are known to contribute to success in youth sport. Speed and agility represent unique qualities; speed refers to the ability to move quickly in a straight line, whereas agility refers to the ability to rapidly change direction in response to a stimulus. Agility can be further subdivided into the physical component of change-of-direction speed and a perceptual component related to the ability to respond to external stimuli. The natural development and trainability of speed has become relatively well understood in children and adolescents, whereas our understanding of agility is predominantly limited to research examining change-of-direction speed. This chapter focuses on describing the natural development of speed and agility throughout childhood and adolescence, as well as examining interactions between training and maturity in both the short- and long-term across a range of different modes of training.
Physiological assessment and monitoring of elite youth athletes
Authors: Armstrong Neil , Barker Alan R 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScientific support is an essential component of long-term athletic development programmes designed to optimise the present and future sporting performance of elite youth athletes. Physiological assessment and monitoring require a clear rationale with due consideration of the ethics of the physiological testing of minors. It is the responsibility of the sport physiologist, in consultation with the coach and athlete, to identify the specific physiological determinants of the youth athlete’s sport, event(s), or role in a team, to select the appropriate physiological variables to examine, and to design an appropriate battery of ecologically valid laboratory-based physiological assessments and complementary field tests. The physical and physiological variables underpinning youth sport performance develop with sex-specific, concurrent changes in age, growth, and maturation controlled by individual biological clocks. Elite youth athletes might be prepubertal, mid-pubertal, or in late puberty, or have completed biological maturation and the sport physiologist needs to interpret longitudinal assessment data in relation to both developmental physiology and the elite performance demands of specific sports. Physiological assessment and monitoring do not take place in a vacuum and the relationship between the sport physiologist, other members of the scientific support team, coach, and youth athlete is an essential component of a successful scientific support programme. The success of the programme is promoted by prompt feedback of contextual data interpreted and discussed in relation to performance progression and communicated free of scientific jargon through platforms commonly used by coaches and youth athletes, including videos, infographics, and audio presentations.
Contribution of the factors to EuroQol 5 Dimensions in rheumatoid arthritis patients achieving low disease activity/remission with abatacept treatment: Post hoc subgroup analyses of the Japanese real-world observational ‘ORIGAMI’ study
Authors: Harigai Masayoshi , Tanaka Eiichi , Inoue Eisuke , Tamura Naoto , Misaki Kenta , Azuma Takanori , Hirata Shintaro , Hirano Fuminori , Taniguchi Yoshinori , Mitsuhashi Masaki , Kondo Masahiro , Oribe Motohiro , Aoki Kazutoshi , Kadode Michiaki , Tsuritani Katsuki , Yamanaka Hisashi 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To address improvements in quality of life, we analysed the relative contributions of factors to EuroQol 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) in abatacept-treated rheumatoid arthritis patients in the Orencia® Registry in Geographically Assembled Multicenter Investigation (ORIGAMI) study.

Methods
Patients who were evaluable for disease activity through to  Week 52 in the ORIGAMI study were divided into those achieving Simplified Disease Activity Index-remission/low disease activity (remission/LDA; n = 178) and patients with moderate disease activity/high disease activity (MDA/HDA; n = 99). We compared the changes in EQ-5D and other outcomes through to Week 52. Focusing on the remission/LDA group, the contribution of each factor to the variance of EQ-5D at baseline and Week 52 was examined using analysis of variance.

Results
The remission/LDA group showed greater improvements than the MDA/HDA group in EQ-5D, Japanese Health Assessment Questionnaire, visual analogue scale for pain (Pain VAS), and patient’s global assessment (PtGA). In the remission/LDA group, factors significantly contributing to EQ-5D were sex, C-reactive protein, and Pain VAS at baseline, and PtGA and age at Week 52.

Conclusions
In rheumatoid arthritis patients who achieved remission/LDA during abatacept treatment, PtGA and age at Week 52 contribute to the variance of EQ-5D, suggesting that the identification of factors associated with PtGA may be important to address improvements in quality of life.
ChimeraTE: a pipeline to detect chimeric transcripts derived from genes and transposable elements
Authors: Oliveira Daniel S , Fablet Marie , Larue Anaïs , Vallier Agnès , Carareto Claudia M A , Rebollo Rita , Vieira Cristina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) produce structural variants and are considered an important source of genetic diversity. Notably, TE-gene fusion transcripts, i.e. chimeric transcripts, have been associated with adaptation in several species. However, the identification of these chimeras remains hindered due to the lack of detection tools at a transcriptome-wide scale, and to the reliance on a reference genome, even though different individuals/cells/strains have different TE insertions. Therefore, we developed ChimeraTE, a pipeline that uses paired-end RNA-seq reads to identify chimeric transcripts through two different modes. Mode 1 is the reference-guided approach that employs canonical genome alignment, and Mode 2 identifies chimeras derived from fixed or insertionally polymorphic TEs without any reference genome. We have validated both modes using RNA-seq data from four Drosophila melanogaster wild-type strains. We found ∼1.12% of all genes generating chimeric transcripts, most of them from TE-exonized sequences. Approximately ∼23% of all detected chimeras were absent from the reference genome, indicating that TEs belonging to chimeric transcripts may be recent, polymorphic insertions. ChimeraTE is the first pipeline able to automatically uncover chimeric transcripts without a reference genome, consisting of two running Modes that can be used as a tool to investigate the contribution of TEs to transcriptome plasticity.
Fear of Relativism?
Authors: Wright Crispin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe chapter was originally published as a contribution to a Philosophical Studies book symposium on Paul Boghossian’s Fear of Knowledge (Clarendon Press, 2006). In his short book, Boghossian aims to expose as bankrupt the idea that there is even a coherent, let alone defensible, philosophical stance about truth and knowledge that can underwrite contemporary ‘pluralist’, or ‘postmodernist’ ideas about reality and objectivity. But since it was crucial to his project that his discussion remain available to non-specialists, much of the recent more technical debate within analytical philosophy about relativism’s renaissance as a particular form of semantic theory is passed over unmentioned. The chapter aims to show how Boghossian’s discussion nevertheless connects quite straightforwardly with relativism in its contemporary analytical philosophical livery—what I have elsewhere called ‘New Age Relativism’—and how some of his critical arguments may proceed in that setting. The principal contentions are, first, that when relativism about epistemic justification, and about morals, are couched in the currently canonical sort of form, they still remain in range of artillery that Boghossian positions in chapter 6 of his book; second, that there is evasive action that they can take; but, third, that when they take it, they effectively have nothing to offer over other well-established forms of—broadly speaking—anti-realism, and that the play with specifically relativist ideas becomes nugatory. New Age Relativism, about morals and epistemic justification at least, is nothing distinctively to be anxious about. If anxiety is fitting, it should concern whether our aspirations to epistemic and moral objectivity can withstand attacks that neither need nor prosper under the flag of relativism but are best articulated differently.
Trumping Assessments and the Aristotelian Future
Authors: Wright Crispin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe background to the chapter is Aristotle’s idea that contingent statements about the future are indeterminate in truth-value, but that their present tensed counterparts, when uttered at some suitable future time, t, can be true, or false, as normally supposed, depending on how events have turned out. The view becomes of questionable coherence once it is granted that one who speaks at t must then allow—as we naturally suppose—that an earlier prediction of the truth of what they assert was true when made. John MacFarlane has suggested that this combination of views can nevertheless be stabilized by invoking as assessment-sensitive notion of truth, with time of utterance the relevant parameter of assessment-context. The chapter observes that this move involves allowing what it terms ‘trumping’, whereby it is not merely a given range of statements whose truth is relativized to an assessment-contextual parameter, C, but also higher-order claims of the form, ‘S is true relative to C’, that are likewise variable in truth-value relative to parameters of the same sort as C. It is argued that trumping creates a problem for relativism if the tenability of relativism is taken to require the possibility of identifying “witnesses” to its correctness: that is, statements such that it may be correctly asserted of them that they are true relative to one context of assessment but false relative to another. In the Appendix some results are developed on the relation between trumping and multi-order relativism.
The Variability of ‘Knows’
Authors: Wright Crispin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMuch recent debate in epistemology has been provoked by the point that whether the ascription, or denial, of knowledge of some matter to an agent is appropriate seems to depend, in a number of ways, not just on their evidence but on variable extraneous features of the context and circumstances—thus Hume’s idea that he knew full well of the existence of an external world when in the company of his drinking companions but not in the philosophical quiet of his study. This is the variability phenomenon. The chapter considers in some detail and compares each of four theoretical proposals to account for it systematically—contextualism, interest-relative invariantism, MacFarlane-style assessment-sensitivity, and regular invariantism—all of which agree that the phenomenon of variability is real but offer very different accounts of the nature of the dependencies and parameters involved. The chapter reviews their offerings in detail and makes a case that all are fundamentally unsatisfactory either failing to predict all aspects of the variability of ‘knows’ manifest in our practice or else predicting uses of ‘know’ and its cognates which seem manifestly outré and incorrect. The recommended conclusion is that our discourse involving ‘knows’ and its cognates is actually subject to no genuinely systematic pragmatics-sensitive variability of assertion conditions. The suggested moral is a form of deflationary account of the concept of knowledge—or better, of the function of ‘knows’. ‘Knowledge’ does not cut epistemic reality “at the joints” as people have come to like to say, and the idea that knowledge should come first in analytical epistemology is accordingly a mistake. Rather, knowledge—the presumed substantive referent of ‘knows’—comes nowhere.
Weakness of Will and Delay Discounting
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBreaking one’s dieting rule or resolution to quit smoking, procrastination, convenient lies, even the failure of entire nations to follow through with plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions or keep a pandemic in check—these phenomena have been discussed by philosophers and behavioural scientists as examples of weakness of will and delay discounting. Despite the common subject matter both fields have to date rarely worked together for mutual benefit. For the empirical literature is hardly accessible to a reader not familiar with econometric theory. Conversely, researchers in the behavioural sciences may find philosophical accounts invoking discounting models difficult to understand without inside knowledge of the debates and historical background. Targeting this lacuna, this monograph renders relevant conceptions and findings from both disciplines intelligible to outsiders. Conceptually linking them reveals that discounting—as philosophers have conceived of it—is neither necessary nor sufficient for weakness of will, even though there is substantial overlap. Therefore, the book develops a richer descriptive account of weakness of will that is based on the empirically founded assumption that weak-willed behaviour is determined by the uncertainty about whether or when a good materialises. It also explains why weakness of the will understood in this way is irrational: the agent yields to a cognitive bias that leads them to underestimate the greater good they think they ought to and can obtain. Finally, the monograph explores practical implications for individuals and policymakers.
Agency in Descriptive Research
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces readers not familiar with the economic or scientific literature to the account of agency that discounting models are based on. On this view, the agent has preferences about their available options which in turn align with the value or utility assigned to each option and determine how the agent decides between their options if given a choice. Delay discounting theory, as initially developed, is based on these assumptions. Thus, they in turn underlie and constrain any account of weakness of will invoking delay discounting theory. The chapter therefore outlines the possible ways in which weakness of will can be coherently described given these constraints. It concludes that weakness of will is best understood as a specific kind of preference reversal.
Criticizing Weakness of Will
Authors: Heinzelmann Nora 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the grounds on which weak-willed delay discounting may be criticized as irrational. Weakness of will has been a prime example of practical irrationality for philosophers. Given an understanding of weak-willed delay discounting, the weak-willed actions it determines may be understood as biased. That is, they may be actions from the cognitive bias to discount delayed benefits more than less or not delayed ones. The cognitive bias itself may not be irrational but the judgements or actions based on this bias may be. This is because they make us incoherent or lead us to inadequately respond to our reasons.
Assimilation
Authors: Ohlmeyer Jane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Women in colonial Ireland are the focus of this chapter, which explores assimilation and integration, together with the everyday relationships between colonised and coloniser. Two works of literature—the first Irish play, Landgartha, and the first Irish novel, Vertue Rewarded—bookend the chapter. Sections I and IV use these remarkable works to review the traditional configurations of kingdom, colony, and empire through the prism of women. Marriage across ethnic, social, and religious boundaries and the extent to which this fostered integration and assimilation is explored in greater depth in Section II. Section III examines the lived experiences of ‘ordinary’, non-elite women, during times of peace and then during the bitter colonial war of the 1640s. By exploring more everyday issues—of literacy, landholding, and labour as well as material culture and moneylending—it moves beyond the ‘colonised’/‘coloniser’ stereotypes and recognises that women from all ethnic and religious backgrounds were often the social glue that held together families and communities. Throughout, the emphasis is on assimilation but this chapter never loses sight of how women experienced endemic violence and intense warfare or the expropriation and exploitation that characterised early modern Ireland.