bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rehabilitation on cerebellar ataxic patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
Authors: Chasiotis Athanasios K. , Kitsos Dimitrios K. , Stavrogianni Konstantina , Giannopapas Vasileios , Papadopoulou Marianna , Zompola Christina , Paraskevas George P. , Bakalidou Daphne , Giannopoulos Sotirios 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the Central Nervous System with a vast spectrum of clinical phenotypes. A major aspect of its clinical presentation is cerebellar ataxia where physiotherapy and treatment modalities play a significant role on its management. This systematic review aims to investigate the physiotherapeutic rehabilitation techniques regarding the management of cerebellar ataxia due to MS and secondary to stratify each protocol as part of a multi structural personalized rehabilitation approach based on the gravity of the symptoms. A Pubmed Medline, Scopus and Web of Science research was performed using the corresponding databases. The results were screened by the authors in pairs. In our study, six (6) non‐pharmacological interventional protocols, 3 Randomized Controlled Trials and 3 pilot studies, were included with a total of 145 MS patients. Physiotherapeutic techniques, such as NDT‐Bobath, robotic and visual biofeedback re‐education protocols and functional rehabilitation techniques were included. In most cases cerebellar ataxic symptoms were decreased post‐treatment. The overall quality of the studies included was of moderate level (level B). Rehabilitation in cerebellar ataxia due to MS should be based on multicentric studies with the scope of adjusting different types of treatments and physiotherapeutic techniques based on the severity of the symptom.
Murine Model of Airway Fibrosis has Anatomic, Physiologic, and Molecular Congruency to Human iSGS
Authors: Mafla Laura M. , Ospino Rafael , So Raymond J. , Berges Alexandra J. , Collins Samuel L. , Chan‐Li Yee , Abd‐Elazem Ibrahim , Motz Kevin , Hillel Alexander T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo narrow knowledge gaps in the pathophysiology of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) through comparison of a murine subglottic stenosis model with iSGS.Study DesignIn vivo animal study.SettingAcademic institution.MethodsMurine samples/measurements were obtained from mice that underwent chemomechanical injury with a wire brush and bleomycin. Human samples/measurements were obtained from iSGS patients. Anatomic, physiologic, and epithelial molecular data were collected using histology, human peak expiratory flow (PEF) and murine airway conductance, gene expression analysis with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and protein analysis with quantitative immunohistochemistry.ResultsAnatomic patterns of scars at the subglottis and proximal trachea seen in the murine model are similar to iSGS patients. Subglottic stenosis (SGS) mice had a decrease (P = .0194) in airway conductance compared to healthy controls, similar to a decrease (P = .0001) in predilation PEF versus postdilation in iSGS patients. There was decreased epithelial gene expression of E‐cadherin (ECAD) (P < 0.01), occludin (OCLN) (P < .01), and cytokeratin‐5 (CK5) (P < .05) and protein expression of ECAD (H/M: P < .001), OCLN (H: P < 0.05, M: P < .001), and CK5 (H: P < .001, M: P < .01) in murine SGS and iSGS versus controls.ConclusionThe murine SGS model shows anatomic, physiologic, and molecular congruency with human iSGS, making it a reasonable model to investigate iSGS. The molecular similarities in epithelial barrier dysfunction suggest it may best be suited to explore epithelial mechanisms of iSGS and therapies directed at epithelial reconstitution. This model provides a foundation to collect data that will improve understanding of iSGS, and, ultimately, translate into more accurate animal models for future use.
Guanine and cytosine‐containing acrylic supramolecular networks
Authors: Liu Boer , Spiering Glenn A. , McDonough Rose K. , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of guanine and cytosine‐containing supramolecular copolymers, which are inspired from the guanine and cytosine nucleobase pair in deoxyribonucleic acid. Regioselective Michael‐addition allowed the efficient installation of the nucleobases on acrylate‐containing monomers, which enabled the preparation of a series of nucleobase‐functionalized acrylate and n‐butyl acrylate copolymers using conventional free radical copolymerization. Guanine‐containing copolymers exhibited superior thermal properties, thermomechanical performance, and more defined morphological structure than cytosine‐containing copolymer analogs due to the relatively strong guanine self‐association, thus expanding the potential applications for mechanically reinforced polymeric networks. Blending guanine‐ and cytosine‐containing copolymers formed a supramolecular structure through multiple hydrogen bonding between guanine and cytosine units. The supramolecular blend exhibited intermediate thermomechanical and morphological properties, which suggested that guanine and cytosine units were not fully associated in the random copolymer composition. This work provides valuable fundamental understanding of structure–property‐morphology relationships in acrylic copolymers with the presence of guanine‐cytosine self‐ and complementary interactions, suggesting new understanding in supramolecular design for enhanced mechanical and morphological properties.
Molecular mechanism of the common and opposing cosolvent effects of fluorinated alcohol and urea on a coiled coil protein
Authors: Nakata Noa , Okamoto Ryuichi , Sumi Tomonari , Koga Kenichiro , Morita Takeshi , Imamura Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlcohols and urea are widely used as effective protein denaturants. Among monohydric alcohols, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) has large cosolvent effects as a helix stabilizer in proteins. In contrast, urea efficiently denatures ordered native structures, including helices, into coils. These opposing cosolvent effects of TFE and urea are well known, even though both preferentially bind to proteins; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains controversial. Cosolvent‐dependent relative stability between native and denatured states is rigorously related to the difference in preferential binding parameters (PBPs) between these states. In this study, GCN4‐p1 with two‐stranded coiled coil helices was employed as a model protein, and molecular dynamics simulations for the helix dimer and isolated coil were conducted in aqueous solutions with 2 M TFE and urea. As 2 M cosolvent aqueous solutions did not exhibit clustering of cosolvent molecules, we were able to directly investigate the molecular origin of the excess PBP without considering the enhancement effect of PBPs arising from the concentration fluctuations. The calculated excess PBPs of TFE for the helices and those of urea for the coils were consistent with experimentally observed stabilization of helix by TFE and that of coil by urea. The former was caused by electrostatic interactions between TFE and side chains of the helices, while the latter was attributed to both electrostatic and dispersion interactions between urea and the main chains. Unexpectedly, reverse‐micelle‐like orientations of TFE molecules strengthened the electrostatic interactions between TFE and the side chains, resulting in strengthening of TFE solvation.
Introducing Ferroelasticity into 1D Hybrid Lead Halide Semiconductor by Halogen Substitution Strategy
Authors: Lun Meng‐Meng , Su Chang‐Yuan , Li Jie , Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Lu Hai‐Feng , Fu Da‐Wei , Zhang Yi , Zhang Zhi‐Xu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites (OLHPs), represented by (CH3NH3)PbI3, are one of the research focus due to their exceptional performance in optoelectronic applications, and ferroelastic domain walls are benign to their charge carrier transport that is confirmed recently. Among them, the 1D OLHPs feature better stability against desorption and moisture, but related 1D ones possessing ferroelasticity are rarely investigated and reported so far. In this work, the 1D ferroelastic semiconductor (N‐iodomethyl‐N‐methyl‐morpholinium)PbI3 ((IDMML)PbI3) is prepared successfully by introducing successively halogenate atoms from Cl, Br to I into the organic cation of the prototype (N,N‐dimethylmorpholinium)PbI3 ((DMML)PbI3). Notably, (IDMML)PbI3 shows the narrow bandgap energy (≈2.34 eV) according to the ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectrum and the theoretical calculation, and possesses the evident photoconductive characteristic with the on/off ratio of current of ≈50 under the 405 nm light irradiation. This work provides a new case for the ferroelastic OLHPs and will inspire intriguing research in the field of optoelectronic.
Emerging Pristine MOF‐Based Heterostructured Nanoarchitectures: Advances in Structure Evolution, Controlled Synthesis, and Future Perspectives
Authors: He Qingqing , Bai Jie , Wang Huayu , Liu Shude , Jun Seong Chan , Yamauchi Yusuke , Chen Lingyun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can be customized through modular assembly to achieve a wide range of potential applications, based on their desired functionality. However, most of the initially reported MOFs are limited to microporous systems and are not sufficiently stable, which restricts their popularization. Heterogeneity is introduced into a simple MOF framework to create MOF‐based heterostructures with fascinating properties and interesting functions. Heterogeneity can be introduced into the MOFs via postsynthetic/ligand exchange. Although the ligand exchange has shown potential, it is difficult to precisely control the degree of exchange or position. Among the various synthesis strategies, hierarchical assembly is particularly attractive for constructing MOF‐based heterostructures, as it can achieve precise regulation of MOF‐based heterostructured nanostructures. The hierarchical assembly significantly expands the compositional diversity of MOF‐based heterostructures, which has high elasticity for lattice matching during the epitaxial growth of MOFs. This review focuses on the synthetic evolution mechanism of hierarchical assemblies of MOF‐based nanoarchitectures. Subsequently, the precise control of pore structure, pore size, and morphology of MOF‐based nanoarchitectures by hierarchical assembly is emphasized. Finally, possible solutions to address the challenges associated with heterogeneous interfaces are presented, and potential opportunities for innovative applications are proposed.
Post-script: Visualising Safety
Authors: Reiman Teemu , Le Coze Jean-Christophe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis concluding chapter on visualisation for, and of, safety, weaves together ideas put forward by the volume’s contributors. It analyses how visualisations and their role have changed over time, their co-evolution with key concepts in safety science and impact on cognitive representations built by practitioners, whether success should be assessed by level of adoption or by impacts on safety outcomes. A number of open questions for future research are outlined.
Visualizing Complex Industrial Operations Through the Lens of Functional Signatures
Authors: Smith Doug , Veitch Brian , Langroudi Arash Fassihozzaman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the concept of functional signatures is presented as a way to understand complex industrial operations. Visualization of functional signatures can be used to improve tractability of complex operations, which can be valuable for safety analysis. Two techniques for visualizing functional signatures are presented: (1) cyclic functional signatures and (2) linear functional signatures. Both techniques are seen as valuable and selection of technique can be left to user preference. The two visualization techniques are demonstrated through an application of an ice management operation for an offshore petroleum installation performed in a simulated ship environment.
The weak field limit of quantum matter back-reacting on classical spacetime
Authors: Layton Isaac , Oppenheim Jonathan , Russo Andrea , Weller-Davies Zachary 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Consistent coupling of quantum and classical degrees of freedom exists so long as there is both diffusion of the classical degrees of freedom and decoherence of the quantum system. In this paper, we derive the Newtonian limit of such classical-quantum (CQ) theories of gravity. Our results are obtained both via the gauge fixing of the recently proposed path integral theory of CQ general relativity and via the CQ master equation approach. In each case, we find the same weak field dynamics. We find that the New-tonian potential diffuses by an amount lower bounded by the decoherence rate into mass eigenstates. We also present our results as an unraveled system of stochastic differential equations for the trajectory of the hybrid classical-quantum state and provide a series of kernels for constructing figures of merit, which can be used to rule out part of the parameter space of classical-quantum theories of gravity by experimentally testing it via the decoherence-diffusion trade-off. We compare and contrast the weak field limit to previous models of classical Newtonian gravity coupled to quantum systems. Here, we find that the Newtonian potential and quantum state change in lock-step, with the flow of time being stochastic.
Yang-Mills form factors on self-dual backgrounds
Authors: Bogna Giuseppe , Mason Lionel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The construction of perturbative quantities on non-linear backgrounds leads to the possibility of incorporating strong field effects in perturbation theory. We continue a programme to construct QFT observables on self-dual backgrounds in Yang-Mills theory. The approach works with asymptotic data for fields defined at null infinity $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
, extending earlier work on Yang-Mills amplitudes on self-dual backgrounds to form factors and further incorporating supersymmetry. Since our analysis is based on reconstruction from data at null infinity, it naturally ties into work on celestial and twisted holography. We study form factors both in pure Yang-Mills and their supersymmetric counterparts in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, giving a full treatment of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills at null infinity and their self-dual nonlinear backgrounds. We obtain tree-level MHV form factors around these backgrounds using new formulae for lifting operators to twistor space leading to simple dressings of the corresponding form factors around the vacuum. We give brief indications on how to go beyond the MHV sector by introducing dressed versions of the MHV diagram propagator. We discuss generating functionals of the MHV all plus 1-loop amplitude in this context together with its various dual conformal representations.
A guide to diagnosing colored resonances at hadron colliders
Authors: Han Tao , Lewis Ian M. , Liu Hongkai , Liu Zhen , Wang Xing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We present a comprehensive study on how to distinguish the properties of heavy dijet resonances at hadron colliders. A variety of spins, chiral couplings, charges, and QCD color representations are considered. Distinguishing the different color representations is particularly difficult at hadron colliders. To determine the QCD color structure, we consider a third jet radiated in a resonant dijet event. We show that the relative rates of three-jet versus two-jet processes are sensitive to the color representation of the resonance. We also show analytically that the antennae radiation pattern of soft radiation depends on the color structure of dijet events and develops an observable that is sensitive to the antennae patterns. Finally, we exploit a Convolutional Neural Network with Machine Learning techniques to differentiate the radiation patterns from different colored resonances and find encouraging results to discriminate them. We demonstrate our results numerically at a 14 TeV LHC, and the methodology presented here should be applicable to other future hadron colliders.
Is environmental innovation the key to addressing the dual economic and sustainability challenge of the Italian economy?
Authors: Rubiconto Francesca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe effects of rising global temperatures are becoming increasingly evident, with observable consequences such as the melting of polar ice caps, the occurrence of cyclones and hurricanes, desertification, and the destruction of ecosystems. The Italian economy is particularly vulnerable to the climate challenge, due to the prolonged slowdown in economic growth and the high unemployment that have plagued this economy over the last decades. Environmental innovation could be the key to tackling climate change, while at the same time promoting growth and employment. A comprehensive assessment of the effects of environmental innovation on growth and employment at the macroeconomic level should consider the compensation mechanisms associated with productivity gains, the substitution effects between more or less polluting goods, and the role of demand and consumer preferences. However, a comprehensive analysis that includes all of these direct and indirect effects of environmental innovation at the macroeconomic level is still lacking. This study aims to bridge this gap, introducing a structuralist computable general equilibrium model to simulate the effects of an increase in productivity and a change in consumer preferences in favour of less polluting industries in the Italian economy over the period 1995–2050. The results of the simulations indicate that a change in consumer preferences in favour of environmentally friendly goods in the Italian context may be more effective than an increase in productivity in stimulating demand, growth, and employment.
On the Linearized System of Equations for the Condensate-Normal Fluid Interaction Near the Critical Temperature
Authors: Escobedo M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Cauchy problem for the linearization around one of its equilibria of a non linear system of equations, arising in the kinetic theory of a condensed gas of bosons near the critical temperature, is solved for radially symmetric initial data. As time tends to infinity, the solutions are proved to converge to an equilibrium of the same linear system, determined by the conservation of total mass and energy. The asymptotic limit of the condensate’s density is proved to be larger or smaller than its initial value under a simple and explicit criteria on the initial data. For a large set of initial data, and for values of the momentum variable near the origin, the linear approximation n(t) of the density of the normal fluid behaves instantaneously as the equilibria of the non linear system.
Reliability and practicability of PSMA-RADS 1.0 for structured reporting of PSMA-PET/CT scans in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Grawe Freba , Blom Franziska , Winkelmann Michael , Burgard Caroline , Schmid-Tannwald Christine , Unterrainer Lena M. , Sheikh Gabriel T. , Pfitzinger Paulo L. , Kazmierczak Philipp , Cyran Clemens C. , Ricke Jens , Stief Christian G. , Bartenstein Peter , Ruebenthaler Johannes , Fabritius Matthias P. , Geyer Thomas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
As structured reporting is increasingly used in the evaluation of prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) for prostate cancer, there is a need to assess the reliability of these frameworks. This study aimed to evaluate the intra- and interreader agreement among readers with varying levels of experience using PSMA-RADS 1.0 for interpreting PSMA-PET/CT scans, even when blinded to clinical data, and therefore to determine the feasibility of implementing this reporting system in clinical practice.

Methods
PSMA-PET/CT scans of 103 patients were independently evaluated by 4 readers with different levels of experience according to the reporting and data system (RADS) for PSMA-PET/CT imaging PSMA-RADS 1.0 at 2 time points within 6 weeks. For each scan, a maximum of five target lesions were freely chosen and stratified according to PSMA-RADS 1.0. Overall scan score and compartment-based scores were assessed. Intra- and interreader agreement was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
PSMA-RADS 1.0 demonstrated excellent interreader agreement for both overall scan scores (ICC ≥ 0.91) and compartment-based scores (ICC ≥ 0.93) across all four readers. The framework showed excellent intrareader agreement for overall scan scores (ICC ≥ 0.86) and compartment-based scores (ICC ≥ 0.95), even among readers with varying levels of experience.

Conclusions
PSMA-RADS 1.0 is a reliable method for assessing PSMA-PET/CT with strong consistency and agreement among readers. It shows great potential for establishing a standard approach to diagnosing and planning treatment for prostate cancer patients, and can be used confidently even by readers with less experience.

Clinical relevance statement
This study underlines that PSMA-RADS 1.0 is a valuable and highly reliable scoring system for PSMA-PET/CT scans of prostate cancer patients and can be used confidently by radiologists with different levels of experience in routine clinical practice.

Key Points

PSMA-RADS version 1.0 is a scoring system for PSMA-PET/CT scans. Its reproducibility needs to be analyzed in order to make it applicable to clinical practice.

Excellent interreader and intrareader agreement for overall scan scores and compartment-based scores using PSMA-RADS 1.0 were seen in readers with varying levels of experience.

PSMA-RADS 1.0 is a reliable tool for accurately diagnosing and planning treatment for prostate cancer patients, and can be used confidently in clinical routine.