bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistant ecologies
Authors: Khayyat Munira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn South Lebanon, war is lived as landscape, environment, milieu. Those pursuing life in such quarters do what they can to make‐live, and their lifelines are often as vitalizing as they are deadly: tobacco farmers ally themselves with what they call a “bitter crop” that flourishes in an arid war zone, while pastoralists walk in explosive fields with their mine‐evading goats. These multispecies alliances flourish because they can survive the deadly infrastructures of war. Dwelling alongside two steadfast families in the borderlands of South Lebanon, this ethnography of life in war moves away from tropes of trauma to grasp a militarized world from within the lived terrain of its operations. Neither green‐tinged utopia nor total devastation, these resistant ecologies make being possible in an insistently deadly region. Thinking life from disastrous war zones forces anthropological theory to reckon with harsh ethnographic realities while bringing to light unsung alliances of hope for life ongoing.
Epidemiology of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis at the population level in Germany
Authors: Kuron David , Voran Jakob Christoph , von Samson‐Himmelstjerna Friedrich Alexander , Baldus Claudia , Kunzendorf Ulrich , Schulte Kevin , Kolbrink Benedikt 
Published: December 2022

SummaryWe retrospectively analysed all German inpatient cases of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) from 2014 to 2020 to describe the epidemiology, clinical course, and underlying diseases of 4065 HLH patients. The age‐standardized incidence rate of HLH in Germany was 0.52/100 000 people in 2014 and steadily increased by 10% per year to 0.97/100 000 in 2020 (mean 0.70/100 000). Inpatient deaths related to HLH increased from 0.84/1 000 000 people in 2014 to 2.32/1 000 000 people in 2020, caused by rising numbers of older HLH patients. Overall, HLH is more frequent than previously expected and incidence as well as HLH‐related deaths increased significantly.
Punctuated propagation of a corrugated extensional detachment offshore Ireland
Authors: Lymer Gaël , Childs Conrad , Walsh John 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLow‐angle detachments are fundamental crustal structures found in many extensional systems and plate tectonic boundaries, including onshore extensional basins, rifted margins and mid‐oceanic ridges. Direct observations of the complete geometry of extensional detachments are rare so that aspects of our understanding of their development and evolution rely mainly on proxy observations and numerical simulations. A high‐resolution 3D seismic reflection survey Offshore West of Ireland images a complete corrugated extensional detachment, from its steep oceanward breakaway faults to its back‐rotated domal crest. The detachment surface, the P reflector, developed during the Jurassic hyperextension of the Porcupine Basin and is preserved in its slip position. It covers 95 × 35 km area and has a N‐S elongate domal shape, at right angles to the prevailing extension direction, with a crest at ca. 6.3 s two‐way travel time. It is overlain by a syn‐rift sequence offset by steep frontal faults that pass eastward into shallower, predominantly west‐dipping highly listric faults that merge downwards with the detachment. The detachment has pronounced E‐W corrugations parallel to the basin opening direction, and N‐S lineaments that correspond with the footwall cutoff lines of overlying Jurassic faults. The most significant N‐S lineaments correspond with changes in dip of the detachment. We propose that the geometry of P can be explained by a conceptual model in which the detachment was assembled from initially steep faults that developed at the front of P and back‐rotated to form listric faults during extension, with punctuated oceanward propagation of the segments of the detachment. Comparisons with 2D profiles and 3D surfaces of published detachments suggest that our conceptual model may be applicable to other detachments that accommodate extreme extension at other rifted margins and at mid‐oceanic slow and ultra‐slow spreading ridges.
Preference for talented naturals over hard workers emerges in childhood and shapes behavior
Authors: Ma Shaocong , Tsay Chia‐Jung , Chen Eva E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBoth talent and effort are considered essential sources of achievement, but past research suggests a preference for people who appear to achieve through talent. This research examined the potential naturalness preference in 306 Chinese children (Mage: 6.12 years; 164 girls) and 352 adults (Mage: 19.87 years; 182 women) in 2019. In Study 1, participants evaluated a natural or striver protagonist of equal achievement. Children attributed greater competence and warmth to naturals than strivers; adults exhibited this preference only when attributing competence. In Study 2, participants indicated their behavioral preferences between the two protagonists. Children, but not adults, interacted more with naturals than strivers. These findings indicate the naturalness preference emerges early (ds ≥ .27) but declines in strength over time.
Incidence of facial pressure injuries in health‐care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Su Honghong , Zhou Wenguang , Kong Yue , Zhu Fangfang , Xu Baoling , Shen Xianying , Zhang Weiqin , Zhou Qijun , Lv Qian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo evaluate the incidence of facial pressure injuries in health‐care professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a meta‐analysis.MethodsRelated studies were obtained through electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP) China Biomedical Literature service systems (CBM) and Wanfang Data (from inception to 27 November 2021). The pooled incidence and the 95% confidence interval of facial pressure injuries were calculated with Review Manager v5.4 software.ResultsOverall, 16 studies with 14 430 health‐care professionals were included. Pooled results showed that the pooled incidence of facial pressure injury in health‐care professionals was 58.8% (95% CI: 49.0%–68.7%; p < 0.01). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of facial pressure injury in these staff was high, and predominantly stage I pressure injury, in the following cases: in health‐care professionals who wore personal protective equipment for longer than 4 h, in those without any training experience, and on the nose.ConclusionAdministrators and researchers should pay attention to preventing facial pressure injury related to the wearing of personal protective equipment (PPE) by ensuring all health‐care professionals receive training and by limiting prolonged periods of use.
Physiotherapists' knowledge on pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Ozcan Ozlem , Karaali Hayriye Kul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPressure ulcers can develop in bedridden or immobile patients which physiotherapists frequently encounter. Although physiotherapists receive training for preventing pressure ulcers, there is limited evidence of physiotherapists' knowledge level. Our study evaluated physiotherapists' pressure ulcer prevention knowledge. The level of knowledge for pressure ulcer prevention was inquired with the Turkish version of the Pressure Ulcer Prevention Knowledge Assessment Instrument (PUPKAI‐T). Two hundred and sixty‐five physiotherapists participated in our study. The median PUPKAI‐T total score ranged from 8 to 21. Only two physiotherapists (0.8%) got good points from the questionnaire. The highest score was Nutrition (Theme 4; 59.2%), and the lowest score belonged to the contact preventive interventions that reduce pressure/shearing (Theme 5; 26.7%). The question with the lowest success rate was the positioning question of Theme 5 (Question 2; 12.5%). In our study, physiotherapists' pressure ulcer prevention knowledge was evaluated with a relatively high number of participants compared to the literature. These results brought to mind that training programs that specifically emphasise techniques to prevent pressure ulcers and positioning manoeuvres to be organised increase the knowledge level of physiotherapists.
Quarterly earnings guidance and real earnings management
Authors: García Osma Beatriz , Guillamón Saorín Encarna , Mercado Facundo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examine if quarterly earnings guidance induces real earnings management. Quarterly guidance may cause myopia and inefficient decision‐making, if managers become overly concerned with setting and beating short‐term earnings targets. We test these associations on a large sample of US firms. Our evidence suggests that quarterly guidance is informative and lowers myopic incentives. However, our analyses also reveal endogenous associations exist between guidance and real earnings management. In contrast with existing concerns over frequent guiders, we find that guidance appears problematic in infrequent guiders, and in firms that issue good news earnings guidance and that operate in settings where earnings pressures are high.
Consequences of the Covid‐19 pandemic on complex multimorbid elderly: Follow‐up of a community‐based cohort. SAMAC3 Study
Authors: Ruzafa‐Martinez Maria , García‐González Jessica , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel , Leal‐Costa Cesar , Hernández‐Méndez Solanger , Hernández‐López María Jesús , Albarracín‐Olmedo Juana , Ramos‐Morcillo Antonio Jesús 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe restrictions imposed during the management of the pandemic led to lack of care of other health problems.PurposeTo assess changes in the health status of complex multimorbidity elderly, functional and cognitive capacities, perception of the social surroundings, care provided by the nurses, including nursing diagnosis and interventions, use of health services, adverse events, and use of devices and technical help during the first 6 months of the Covid‐19 pandemic.DesignA 1‐year longitudinal cohort study was conducted.MethodsNinety‐seven complex multimorbid elderly attended in primary care were evaluated every 3 months in a health area of the Spanish National Health System (SNHS). The research was called “SAMAC3 study”.ResultsSignificant negative changes were observed in the functional and cognitive capacity of the elderly, and in several nursing diagnoses. A decrease was observed in the frequency of visit to the nurses, hospital admittance, length of hospital stays, and falls.ConclusionsThe functional and cognitive capacities of the cohort became worse. However, a significant decrease in the frequency of use of health services was observed. The nurses detected significant changes in activity‐exercise, cognitive‐perception, and roles‐relationships, but their interventions were mostly centered on resolving clinical matters that required immediate attention.Clinical RelevanceThe present study allowed us to observe that a situation of social and health stress has worsened the health indicators of multimorbid elderly, and the clinical care of community nurses was insufficient to providing care for the deterioration of the physical and cognitive domains.
Does vitamin D level associate with pregnancy outcomes in Chinese women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection‐embryo transfer? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Zhengchen , Sun Yiqun , Wang Peng , Hu Yinkai , Zhou Yuxi , Xie Jinrui , Lu Zhenzhen , Xu Luxuan , Zhao Junzhao , Chi Haihong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimTo explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D level and pregnancy outcomes (clinical pregnancy rate [CPR] and live birth rate [LBR]) in Chinese women receiving in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)‐embryo transfer (ET) (IVF/ICSI‐ET).MethodsA total of 612 patients included in the study were divided into four cohorts according to serum 25(OH)D with the threshold of 20 ng/ml, 25 ng/ml, 30 ng/ml, and retrospectively analyzed.ResultsNone of the baseline characteristics of participants was significantly different in the four cohorts except gravid status. The trend of 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with CPR and LBR. The younger (age: p < 0.001 both in CPR and LBR) women with primary infertility (infertility type: p = 0.004 in LBR) were more likely to get a better pregnancy outcome under the same 25(OH)D concentration stages. As shown on heatmap plots, CPR, and LBR were significantly increased for 25(OH)D concentrations above 30.00 ng/ml and women younger than 30 years old. The adjusted binary logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) showed that there existed a nonlinear positive correlation between 25(OH)D concentration and pregnancy outcome (CPR and LBR) (Pnonlinear < 0.001, respectively). The women with a sufficient 25(OH)D concentration (30 ng/ml) had 1.07 (clinical pregnancy) and 1.05 (live birth) times higher successful birth outcomes compared to women with an insufficient 25(OH)D concentration (25 ng/ml). (OR25 ng/ml, ref = 30 ng/ml [95% CI] = 0.935 [0.932–0.938] and 0.947 [0.945–0.950], p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionIn Chinese women receiving IVF/ICSI‐ET, the serum level of 25(OH)D demonstrated a nonlinear positive correlation with pregnancy outcomes (CPR and LBR), with stronger correlations above 25 ng/ml and worse yields below 30 ng/ml. However, it could not yet be considered different in distinct ages.
Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque enhancement and long‐term risk of future strokes: A prospective, longitudinal study
Authors: Gómez‐Vicente Beatriz , Hernández‐Pérez María , Martínez‐Velasco Elena , Rodríguez‐Velasco Margarita , Munuera Josep , Rubiera Marta , Vert Carla , Dorado Laura , de Lera Mercedes , Calleja Ana Isabel , Cortijo Elisa , Agulla Jesús , López‐Cancio Elena , Arenillas Juan Francisco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe prognostic significance of postcontrast enhancement of intracranial atheromatous plaque is uncertain. Prospective, long‐term follow‐up studies in Caucasians, using a multicenter design, are lacking. We aimed to evaluate whether this radiological sign predicts long‐term new stroke in symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) patients.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, longitudinal, multicenter study. We included a symptomatic and an asymptomatic cohort of ICAD patients that underwent 3T MRI including high‐resolution sequences focused on the atheromatous plaque. We evaluated grade of stenosis, plaque characteristics, and gadolinium enhancement ratio (postcontrast plaque signal/postcontrast corpus callosum signal). The occurrence of new events was evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and annually thereafter. The association between plaque characteristics and new stroke was studied using Cox multiple regression survival analysis and Kaplan‐Meier curves.ResultsForty‐eight symptomatic and 13 asymptomatic patients were included. During 56.3 ± 16.9 months, 11 patients (18%) suffered a new event (seven ischemic, two hemorrhagic, and two transient ischemic attacks). A receiver operating characteristic curve identified an enhancement ratio of >1.77 to predict a new event. In a multivariable Cox regression, postcontrast enhancement ratio >1.77 (hazard ratio [HR]= 3.632; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.082‐12.101) and cerebral microbleeds (HR = 5.244; 95% CI, 1.476‐18.629) were independent predictors of future strokes. Patients with a plaque enhancement ratio >1.77 had a lower survival free of events (p < .05).ConclusionsHigh intracranial postcontrast enhancement is a long‐term predictor of new stroke in ICAD patients. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether postcontrast enhancement reflects inflammatory activity of intracranial atheromatous plaque.
Front‐loading STEM enrichment to prepare learners for STEM pathways
Authors: Olszewski‐Kubilius Paula 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this article, we describe a collaboration between a university and school district aimed at preparing more students who are typically underidentified and underserved in gifted programs for advanced STEM coursework in high school. Features of the collaboration included early intervention, significant outside‐of‐school programming and coursework in STEM through elementary and middle school (over 400 h), tutoring, and support for families. Data included scores on two standardized achievement tests for 14 cohorts of students who self‐identified as African American and/or Hispanic (361 total students) as they progressed from Grade 3 to Grade 8, placement in accelerated mathematics courses in Grade 9, and college matriculation. Comparisons were made to data for comparable demographic groups within the school district. Results showed greater growth in reading and mathematics compared to demographic peers in the district reaching achievement levels comparable to the highest‐scoring students in the district. There were significant increases in the percentage of students entering high school with advanced placement in mathematics as well as improvement over multiple cohorts in matriculation at more selective institutions of higher education. Results are discussed with respect to best practices for the identification of students with potential STEM talent, effective university–school partnerships, and STEM‐talent development pathways.
Do executive function performance, gaze behavior, and pupil size change during incremental acute physical exercise?
Authors: Albuquerque Maicon Rodrigues , Hooper Beatriz , Viana Iasmin Oliveira de Sousa , Mesquita Paulo H. C. , Santos Tony Meireles , Apolinário‐Souza Tércio , Fortes Leonardo de Sousa , Gonçalves Dawit Albieiro Pinheiro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the interaction between acute physical exercise and cognitive performance. However, few studies have investigated this issue during acute high‐intensity exercise. In the present study, we evaluated executive functions (EFs) during incremental exercise in three different intensities [below lactate threshold (LT), at LT, and above LT], measuring EFs performance, gaze behavior, and pupil diameter. Twenty subjects were familiarized with the EFs test and participated in a graded maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer on the first visit. On the second visit, they performed the EFs task at rest and while exercising at three different intensities using mobile eye‐tracking glasses. Our results showed that the psychophysiological measures differed between the conditions. Regarding EFs performance, during exercise above LT, the subjects showed worse accuracy when compared with rest (p < .001) and below LT (p < .001). In addition, the response time (RT) at LT and above LT was shorter than in the rest condition (p < .050). Further, RT was faster (p = .002) in the above LT than in the below LT condition. In addition, the gaze behavior measures indicated that exercise, independently of the intensity, improves the number of fixations with shorter fixation durations compared to the rest condition (p < .050). Additionally, we found no significant differences in average and peak pupil diameter between conditions. In conclusion, exercise at LT improves the EFs performance while exercising above LT worsens EFs performance. However, there were no significant differences in average and peak pupil diameter between conditions.
Organizations and the structure of culture
Authors: Lizardo Omar , Jilbert Isaac 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent work emphasizes how organizations and organizing are suffused by culture. Ignored, however, is the question of how organizations and organizing shape cultural understandings. In this paper, we draw attention to how organizations impact the creation, maintenance, and matching of cultural associations: The “structure of culture.” Cultural associations are distributed understandings of “what goes with what,” diffused via their co‐adoption by individual and corporate actors. We argue that the process of associative diffusion is heavily influenced by organizational forms, routines, and operations. While organizations shape culture production, they likewise shape resulting associations between cultural items, actively modifying the structure of culture. We conclude that the role of organizations in shaping the structure and dynamics of culture should be a central topic of study moving forward.
Francis-Turbine Installations of the Norris and Hiwassee Projects
Authors: Rich George R. , Roberts J. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The Hiwassee turbine, having a rated output of 80,000 hp at 190-ft head, is believed to be the highest-powered Francis wheel in the eastern United States. The Norris turbines are identical in physical size with the Hiwassee unit and have a rated output of 66,000 hp at 165-ft head. In this paper, considerations affecting the selection of these machines are discussed, and principal features of the design and acceptance testing are described.
Piston Effect of Trains in Tunnels
Authors: Daugherty R. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The author was recently engaged by the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad to make a study of the ventilation of the Moffat Tunnel, which is 6.21 miles in length. In the course of this work measurements were made of the friction of air through the empty tunnel and also of the air pressures developed by different trains of various lengths passing through the tunnel at speeds ranging from 15 to 38 mph. The results of this investigation are presented in the form of curves for a wide variety of conditions. The mathematical analyses are given, which may be applied to the problem of tunnel ventilation in general. For the reason that but little information concerning the subject of “piston action” of trains in tunnels is available in the engineering literature, the author deems it desirable to make the present data a matter of record.
Experimental Study, Feedwater Treatment for 1400-Lb Boiler Operating Pressure
Authors: Carmichael D. C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Study has shown that the future steam and electrical loads of the Dye Works of the author’s company would he most economically supplied by a 1400-psi boiler-and-turbine installation, exhausting directly into the plant process mains, without the use of evaporators as are now-used at the Deepwater plant of the Deepwater Operating Company. The development of a satisfactory water-purification system to permit 100 per cent treated soft water to be used in a 1400-lb boiler would eliminate the necessity of using Intermediate evaporators with their consequent maintenance and loss of thermal potential. It has been calculated in connection with the study of increased steam and electrical capacity for the Dye Works that the elimination of the evaporators would permit the generation of up to 8000 kw of electricity from the same steam. Additional savings in maintenance would be realized. This paper reviews the various steps undertaken in developing, installing, and operating the experimental water-treatment system, followed later by the installation of a 1400-lb experimental boiler, operating with a heat absorption of 100,000 Btu per sq ft per hr. A 400,000-lb per hr boiler to operate at 1400 psi with 100 per cent treated soft water has been purchased and will start operation in January, 1942.
Operating Experiences With High-Pressure High-Temperature Unit at Des Moines
Authors: McLaughlin J. F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Operating experiences, with performance records for 1939 and 1940, with a 35,000-kw turbine generator operating at 1290 psi and 925 F, and a steam generator which has a capacity of 420,000 lb per hr are presented, and changes made to overcome failures and outages are described.