bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges implementing recent recommendations of daily formula supplementation for allergy prevention and practical real-world options
Authors: Ridley Denise , Abrams Elissa M , Wong Peter , Chan Edmond S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Canadian Paediatric Society’s Position statement ‘Dietary exposures and allergy prevention in high-risk infants’ December 2021 provides recommendations for regular ingestion of cow’s milk protein (CMP) once introduced in early infancy. These recommendations are based on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where researchers supported participants in adhering to diet recommendations. Real-life dilemmas that relate to dietary adherence including cost, food wastage, and practicality are not addressed and are the crux of where ­evidence-based recommendations fail. This commentary highlights the difficulties in carrying out the proposed recommendation for regular ingestion of CMP in practice and offers three practical real-world options instead.
A generative adversarial model of intrusive imagery in the human brain
Authors: Cushing Cody A , Dawes Alexei J , Hofmann Stefan G , Lau Hakwan , LeDoux Joseph E , Taschereau-Dumouchel Vincent 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the subjective experiences of mental disorders remain poorly understood. This is partly due to long-standing over-emphasis on behavioral and physiological symptoms and a de-emphasis of the patient’s subjective experiences when searching for treatments. Here, we provide a new perspective on the subjective experience of mental disorders based on findings in neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, we propose the subjective experience that occurs in visual imagination depends on mechanisms similar to generative adversarial networks that have recently been developed in AI. The basic idea is that a generator network fabricates a prediction of the world, and a discriminator network determines whether it is likely real or not. Given that similar adversarial interactions occur in the two major visual pathways of perception in people, we explored whether we could leverage this AI-inspired approach to better understand the intrusive imagery experiences of patients suffering from mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder. In our model, a nonconscious visual pathway generates predictions of the environment that influence the parallel but interacting conscious pathway. We propose that in some patients, an imbalance in these adversarial interactions leads to an overrepresentation of disturbing content relative to current reality, and results in debilitating flashbacks. By situating the subjective experience of intrusive visual imagery in the adversarial interaction of these visual pathways, we propose testable hypotheses on novel mechanisms and clinical applications for controlling and possibly preventing symptoms resulting from intrusive imagery.
Experimental measurements and CFD modelling of hydroxyapatite scaffolds in perfusion bioreactors for bone regeneration
Authors: d’Adamo Alessandro , Salerno Elisabetta , Corda Giuseppe , Ongaro Claudio , Zardin Barbara , Ruffini Andrea , Orlandi Giulia , Bertacchini Jessika , Angeli Diego 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the field of bone tissue engineering, particular interest is devoted to the development of 3D cultures to study bone cell proliferation under conditions similar to in vivo ones, e.g. by artificially producing mechanical stresses promoting a biological response (mechanotransduction). Of particular relevance in this context are the effects generated by the flow shear stress, which governs the nutrients delivery rate to the growing cells and which can be controlled in perfusion reactors. However, the introduction of 3D scaffolds complicates the direct measurement of the generated shear stress on the adhered cells inside the matrix, thus jeopardizing the potential of using multi-dimensional matrices. In this study, an anisotropic hydroxyapatite-based set of scaffolds is considered as a 3D biomimetic support for bone cells deposition and growth. Measurements of sample-specific flow resistance are carried out using a perfusion system, accompanied by a visual characterization of the material structure. From the obtained results, a subset of three samples is reproduced using 3D-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques and the models are validated by virtually replicating the flow resistance measurement. Once a good agreement is found, the analysis of flow-induced shear stress on the inner B-HA structure is carried out based on simulation results. Finally, a statistical analysis leads to a simplified expression to correlate the flow resistance with the entity and extensions of wall shear stress inside the scaffold. The study applies CFD to overcome the limitations of experiments, allowing for an advancement in multi-dimensional cell cultures by elucidating the flow conditions in 3D reactors.
Muscle injury induces an increase in total and non-rapid eye movement sleep time
Authors: Vanneau T , Quiquempoix M , Erkel M C , Drogou C , Trignol A , Sauvet F , Léger D , Gomez-Merino D , Chennaoui M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
This study describes macro- and micro-sleep responses to a myotoxic skeletal muscle injury and investigates possible mechanisms.

Methods
We recorded the electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyogram (EMG) of 24 Wistar rats before and after induction of tibialis anterior muscle injury (n = 8 per group: control, control + buprenorphine and injured). A top-down analysis of sleep characteristics was processed from total sleep time (TST), sleep stages, sleep stability, spectral analysis, and spindles. To further investigate the mechanisms involved, we analyzed the protein level of sleep regulatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) in plasma, frontal cortex, hippocampus, and tibialis anterior, collected at day +2 after injury from non-EEG/EMG implanted rats.

Results
Muscle injury induces a significant increase in TST at 48 and 72 h post-injury, specific to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. These increases occur during the dark period and are associated with the higher stability of sleep over 24 h, without change in the different power/frequency spectral bands of NREM/REM sleep. There was no corresponding sleep increase in slow-wave activity or spindle density, nor were there changes in brain levels of the sleep-regulating proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is otherwise involved in the local response to injury. Conversely, decreased protein levels of brain IGF-1 and muscle BMAL1, a core circadian clock gene, after injury may play a role in increased sleep time.

Conclusion
Muscle injury induces an increase in total sleep time at 48- and 72-h post-injury, specific to NREM sleep during the dark period in rats and is associated with higher sleep stability over 24 h.
Adapting adaptive design methods to accelerate adoption of a digital asthma management intervention
Authors: Bender Bruce G , Cvietusa Peter J , Goodrich Glenn K , King Diane K , Shoup Jo Ann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInvestigators conducting translational research in real-world settings may experience changes that create challenges to the successful completion of the trial as well as post-trial adoption and implementation. Adaptive designs support translational research by systematically adapting content and methods to meet the needs of target populations, settings and contexts. This manuscript describes an adaptive implementation research model that provides strategies for changing content, delivery processes, and research methods to correct course when anticipated and unanticipated circumstances occur during a pragmatic trial. The Breathewell Program included two large pragmatic trials of the effectiveness of a digital communication technology intervention to improve symptom management and medication adherence in asthma care. The first trial targeted parents of children with asthma; the second targeted adults with asthma. Adaptations were made iteratively to adjust to dynamic conditions within the healthcare setting, informed by prospectively collected stakeholder input, and were categorized retrospectively by the authors as proactive or reactive. Study outcomes demonstrated improved treatment adherence and clinical efficiency. Kaiser Permanente Colorado, the setting for both studies, adopted the speech recognition intervention into routine care, however, both interventions required numerous adaptations, including changes to target population, intervention content, and internal workflows. Proactive and reactive adaptations assured that both trials were successfully completed. Adaptive research designs will continue to provide an important pathway to move healthcare delivery research into practice while conducting ongoing effectiveness evaluation.
Integration of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum-Targeted Biofungicides Coniothyrium minitans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens into Season-Long Soybean Pest Management Practices in Indiana
Authors: Conrad Audrey M. , Johnson William G. , Cruz C. D. , Telenko Darcy E. P. 
Published: January 2023

Two biofungicides, Coniothyrium minitans and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, are commercially available and have been shown to limit or suppress Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean. S. sclerotiorum is a soilborne pathogen of soybean that can cause significant yield losses under cool and wet environmental conditions. Integrated soybean pest management practices can include the application of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides at various times during the growing season to minimize yield losses. However, limited information is available regarding how these biofungicides can be successfully incorporated into a soybean-integrated pest management program. To assess the sensitivity of C. minitans and B. amyloliquefaciens biological activity on S. sclerotiorum to pesticides commonly used in soybean-production systems, a poison plate assay and soil plate and growth chamber experiments were conducted. In the poison plate assay, C. minitans was most sensitive to the preemergence herbicide flumioxazin and the synthetic fungicides boscalid and fluazinam, whereas B. amyloliquefaciens was sensitive only to the synthetic fungicide fluazinam. In the soil plate assay, the mycoparasitic activity of C. minitans on S. sclerotiorum was sensitive to flumioxazin, metribuzin, glyphosate, picoxystrobin, and boscalid. In the controlled environment experiments, none of the pesticides tested decreased the efficacy of B. amyloliquefaciens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Diffuse lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a respiratory physician's perspective
Authors: Huang Hui , Chen Ruxuan , Shao Chi , Xu Zuojun , Wolters Paul J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The lungs are one of the most common extra-articular organs involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is reported to occur in up to 60% to 80% of RA patients. Respiratory complications are the second leading cause of death due to RA. Although there is a wide spectrum of RA-associated respiratory diseases, interstitial lung disease is the most common manifestation and it impacts the prognosis of RA. There has been progress in understanding the management and progression of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and RA-associated respiratory diseases recently, for example, opportunistic pulmonary infectious diseases and toxicity from RA therapies. From a chest physicians’ perspective, we will update the diagnosis and treatment of RA-associated ILD, methotrexate-associated lung disease, and the complication of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in RA in this review.
Bone loss and kidney stone risk in weightlessness
Authors: Buckey Jay C. , Thamer Semran , Lan Mimi 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
Weightlessness increases both bone loss and kidney stone formation risk. The large interior volume of the International Space Station (ISS) has allowed for a mix of exercise devices to help maintain the skeleton. But space exploration is changing. Long stays on the ISS will be replaced by journeys in smaller spacecraft both to and around the Moon. Small private space stations are under development. This will limit the ability to do exercise countermeasures, which can increase both bone loss and kidney stone risk. This review examines this risk and how it can be minimized in this new era of spaceflight.

Recent findings
Simple, low-mass, low-power ways to track bone loss and kidney stone risk in space are being researched. Tracking urinary calcium concentration in the first morning void and targeting additional countermeasures (e.g. bisphosphonates) to those who run consistently high levels is one promising approach.

Summary
New exploration spacecraft would not have the room and capability to replicate the current 2 h, daily exercise countermeasure programme on the ISS. A monitoring approach, perhaps using urinary calcium as a marker, is needed to find those at greatest risk. This would allow countermeasures to be targeted individually and used efficiently.
Sortilin and hypertension
Authors: Avvisato Roberta , Jankauskas Stanislovas S. , Varzideh Fahimeh , Kansakar Urna , Mone Pasquale , Santulli Gaetano 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
The current review aims to present the latest scientific updates on the role of Sortilin in the pathophysiology of hypertension.

Recent findings
The main focus of this systematic overview is on the functional contribution of Sortilin to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Sortilin is a glycoprotein mostly known for its actions as a trafficking molecule directing proteins to specific secretory or endocytic compartments of the cell. Emerging evidence indicates that Sortilin is associated with pathological conditions, including inflammation, arteriosclerosis, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and vascular calcification. Most recently, Sortilin has been shown to finely control endothelial function and to drive hypertension by modulating sphingolipid/ceramide homeostasis and by triggering oxidative stress.

Summary
The latest findings linking Sortilin and hypertension that are herein discussed can inspire novel areas of research which could eventually lead to the discovery of new therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine.
Comparing the Results of Latissimus Dorsi Versus Teres Major Transfer in Children With Obstetric Brachial Plexus Injury and Residual Shoulder Sequelae
Authors: Ibrahim Marwa Raafat , Abdelmaksoud Islam Mohamed , Ahmad Mohammad Hasan , Semaya Ahmed Elsayed 
Published: January 2023

Background
Obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI) remains a fairly common problem in newborns despite the improved obstetric care. Children who do not show complete recovery often present with residual shoulder deformity of limited external rotation and abduction. Secondary interventions in the form of tendon transfer and soft tissue release are aimed at correcting the implicated muscular imbalance to restore shoulder function.

Aim
The aim of this work was to compare the results of latissimus dorsi versus teres major tendon transfer in patients with OBPI with limited shoulder external rotation.

Patients and Methods
This study included 40 patients admitted to El Hadara University Hospital with OBPI and limited shoulder abduction and external rotation aged between 1.5 and 4 years. Half of the patients had a latissimus dorsi transfer, and the other half, a teres major one. Children with limited preoperative passive external rotation in both groups required a subscapularis slide. Patients were evaluated preoperatively, at 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively using the Gilbert scale.

Results
Teres major tendon transfer showed better results in restoring limited shoulder abduction and external rotation than latissimus dorsi transfer. Limited shoulder internal rotation was the main complication occurring postoperatively. Loss of the last degree of internal rotation occurred in most patients who had subscapularis slide. Most patients regained functional midline abilities with physiotherapy and required no further interventions.

Conclusions
Isolated teres major transfer has shown better results in improving the range of external rotation and abduction compared with isolated latissimus dorsi tendon transfer. Age of the patients did not affect the overall final improvement in shoulder range of motion. Limited internal rotation is the main complication postoperatively, which was prevalent in patients who required a subscapularis slide but was not statistically significant.
Collaboration Scripts or Checklists to Engage Novice Observers in Immersive Simulation?
Authors: Tremblay Marie-Laurence , Lafleur Alexandre , Dieckmann Peter , Rethans Jan-Joost , Dolmans Diana 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
In simulation, students often observe their peers perform a task. It is still unclear how different types of instructional guidance can turn the observational phase into an active learning experience for novices. This mixed-method study aims to understand similarities and differences between use of collaboration scripts and checklists by observers in terms of cognitive load and perception of learning.

Methods
Second-year pharmacy students (N = 162) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 conditions when observing a simulation: collaboration scripts (heuristic to analyze in dyads while observing), checklists, both, or no guidance. We measured observers' intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load and self-perceived learning and conducted focus group interviews.

Results
Intrinsic cognitive load was significantly lower for checklists (M = 3.6/10) than for scripts (M = 4.7/10) or scripts and checklists combined (M = 4.7/10). Extraneous cognitive load was significantly lower for checklists (M = 1.5/10) than for scripts combined with checklists (M = 2.6/10) or no guidance (M = 1.8/10). There was no statistical difference between conditions for self-perceived learning. Coding of focus group interviews revealed 6 themes on observers' perception of learning under different conditions of instructional guidance. Students explained that collaboration scripts felt more complex, whereas checklists were perceived as a simple fact-checking exercise. Observing the simulation, regardless of guidance, was a meaningful learning experience.

Conclusions
With or without guidance, observers are actively engaged with the simulation, but their effort differed depending on instructions. When choosing between checklists or collaboration scripts, educators should be guided by the type of simulation task.
Structural Determinants of Redox Conduction Favor Robustness over Tunability in Microbial Cytochrome Nanowires
Authors: Guberman-Pfeffer Matthew J. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTHelical homopolymers of multiheme cytochromes catalyze biogeochemically significant electron transfers with a reported 103-fold variation in conductivity. Herein, classical molecular dynamics and hybrid quantum/classical molecular mechanics are used to elucidate the structural determinants of the redox potentials and conductivities of the tetra-, hexa-, and octaheme outer-membrane cytochromes E, S, and Z, respectively, fromGeobacter sulfurreducens. Second-sphere electrostatic interactions acting on minimally polarized heme centers are found to regulate redox potentials over a computed 0.5-V range. However, the energetics of redox conduction are largely robust to the structural diversity: Single-step electronic couplings (⟨Hmn⟩), reaction free energies, and reorganization energies (λmn) are always respectively <|0.026|, <|0.26|, and between 0.5 – 1.0 eV. With these conserved parameter ranges, redox conductivity differed by less than a factor of 10 among the ‘nanowires’ and is sufficient to meet the demands of cellular respiration if 102– 103‘nanowires’ are expressed. The ‘nanowires’ are proposed to be differentiated by the protein packaging to interface with a great variety of environments, and not by conductivity, because the rate-limiting electron transfers are elsewhere in the respiratory process. Conducting-probe atomic force microscopy measurements that find conductivities 103-106-fold more than cellular demands are suggested to report on functionality that is either not used or not accessible under physiological conditions. The experimentally measured difference in conductivity between Omc- S and Z is suggested to not be an intrinsic feature of the CryoEM-resolved structures.
Aurora B Kinase Dependent Phosphorylation of Keratin 8 is required for Cytokinesis in Mammalian Cells of Epithelial Origin
Authors: Harmanda Busra , Kaya Oyku , Waide Xenia , Qureshi Muhammed Haroon , Nesvizhskii Alexey , Mitchison Timothy J , Ozlu Nurhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKeratins are the most diverse family of intermediate filaments and are expressed in most epithelial tissues and malignancies. They form highly stable polymers that need to be cut through during cytokinesis. Previous work suggested a role of phosphorylation, but keratin regulation during cell division is not understood in detail. Depletion of Keratin 8 in an epithelial cancer cell line (HeLa) caused chromosome segregation and cytokinesis defects. Aurora B kinase localization to midzones and cleavage furrows was reduced in Keratin 8 knockouts, suggesting that Keratin 8 helps scaffold Aurora B during cytokinesis. We mapped eleven Aurora B kinase sites in Keratin 8 that were associated with cell division. Keratin 8 S34 phosphorylation occurred specifically at the cleavage furrow and persisted at the midzone until the end of cytokinesis. Inhibition of Aurora B kinase or non-phosphorylatable Keratin 8 mutant prevented the disassembly of keratin bundles at the cleavage furrow, which blocked furrow ingression. Our data reveal a functional inter-dependency between Keratin 8 and Aurora B kinase in epithelial cells. Keratin 8 promotes the translocation of Aurora B to the midzone. Aurora B kinase then generates a local zone of Keratin phosphorylation which promotes keratin filament disassembly and allows the cleavage furrow to cut through the keratin network.