bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
iGDP: An integrated genome decontamination pipeline for wild ciliated microeukaryotes
Authors: Jiang Chuanqi , Wang Guangying , Zhang Jing , Gu Siyu , Wang Xueyan , Qin Weiwei , Chen Kai , Yuan Dongxia , Chai Xiaocui , Yang Mingkun , Zhou Fang , Xiong Jie , Miao Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCiliates are a large group of ubiquitous and highly diverse single‐celled eukaryotes that play an essential role in the functioning of microbial food webs. However, their genomic diversity is far from clear due to the need to develop cultivation methods for most species, so most research is based on wild organisms that almost invariably contain contaminants. Here we establish an integrated Genome Decontamination Pipeline (iGDP) that combines homology search, telomere reads‐assisted and clustering approaches to filter contaminated ciliate genome assemblies from wild specimens. We benchmarked the performance of iGDP using genomic data from a contaminated ciliate culture and the results showed that iGDP could recall 91.9% of the target sequences with 96.9% precision. We also used a synthetic dataset to offer guidelines for the application of iGDP in the removal of various groups of contaminants. Compared with several popular metagenome binning tools, iGDP could show better performance. To further validate the effectiveness of iGDP on real‐world data, we applied it to decontaminate genome assemblies of three wild ciliate specimens and obtained their genomes with high quality comparable to that of previously well‐studied model ciliate genomes. It is anticipated that the newly generated genomes and the established iGDP method will be valuable community resources for detailed studies on ciliate biodiversity, phylogeny, ecology and evolution. The pipeline (https://github.com/GWang2022/iGDP) can be implemented automatically to reduce manual filtering and classification and may be further developed to apply to other microeukaryotes.
Equity incentives and conforming tax avoidance
Authors: Kara Mehmet C. , Mayberry Michael A. , Rane Scott G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe examine how executive equity incentives are associated with firms' conforming tax avoidance. Conforming tax avoidance is unique compared to nonconforming tax avoidance in that it decreases tax liabilities by reducing pretax income. Thus, conforming tax avoidance presents a unique set of consequences with important links to both risk and value‐creation incentives. Consistent with risk‐taking incentives increasing conforming tax avoidance, we find that linking executive wealth to stock price volatility (i.e., vega) is positively associated with conforming tax avoidance. We also find that linking executive wealth to stock price (i.e., delta) is negatively associated with conforming tax avoidance. The results of our cross‐sectional tests suggest that the negative association between delta and conforming tax avoidance is predominantly driven by a risk aversion effect rather than a value‐creation effect. Our findings add to the literature on the relation between tax avoidance and executive compensation, as well as the trade‐off between book and taxable income.
Alpha 7‐nicotinic cholinoceptor regulation of pericyte‐containing retinal capillaries
Authors: Wu Kaicheng , Cheng Tongjie , Zhai Zimeng , Jiang Chunhui , Zhou Xujiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeLocal blood flow regulation relies on the coordination between neurons and pericyte‐containing capillaries. Pericyte relaxation and contraction are influenced by vasoactive substances and regulated by neurotransmitters. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7‐nAChRs), involved in the regulation of vascular function and inhibitory γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, have neuroprotective effects against CNS diseases. Although α7‐nAChRs are found throughout the retina, their contribution to the retinal capillary tone remains unknown. Here, we investigated the neurovascular coupling mechanism underlying α7‐nAChR‐mediated retinal capillary tone regulation.Experimental ApproachChanges in capillary diameter and pericyte transverse diameter during drug perfusion were observed using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, to help elucidate signalling pathways underlying α7‐nAChR‐mediated regulation of capillary blood flow at the whole retinal level. Patch clamp technique was used to investigate α7‐nAChR‐mediated regulation of the GABA synaptic circuit. Immunofluorescence was used to explore the expression of α7‐nAChRs and GABA receptors.Key ResultsActivating α7‐nAChRs on the endothelial cell membrane caused perinuclear accumulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in dilated retinal capillaries and pericytes via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)/nitric oxide (NO)/guanosine 3′,5′‐ monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway. Neuronal α7‐nAChR activation directly relaxed retinal capillaries and pericytes via a neurovascular coupling mechanism. α7‐nAChR also increased the vesicular release of GABA, possibly promoting the release of NO by binding to GABAA receptors in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and relaxing blood vessels via eNOS–NO, with GABA binding to GABAB receptors on retinal capillary endothelial cells.Conclusion and Implicationsα7‐nAChR activation causes vasorelaxation of retinal capillaries.
Eficácia do exercício aeróbico na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: Uma revisão sistemática e meta‐análise
Authors: Soares Esther G. , Gusmão Cláudio H. V. , Souto Deisiane O. 
Published: March 2023

ResumoObjetivoInvestigar a eficácia do exercício aeróbico na funcionalidade (participação, atividades e estruturas e funções corporais) e qualidade de vida (QV) de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC).MétodoUma revisão sistemática com meta‐análise foi realizada. Uma busca abrangente de artigos foi realizada usando os bancos de dados eletrônicos Embase, PubMed, PEDro e CINAHL. A qualidade metodológica e a certeza das evidências foram avaliadas com as escalas PEDro e Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectivamente. Os efeitos do exercício aeróbico na funcionalidade foram avaliados usando técnicas meta‐analíticas. No entanto, dada a natureza ampla dos resultados relacionados a funcionalidade e QV, diferentes instrumentos podem ser usados para mensurá‐los; isso tornou impossível a síntese dos resultados em uma meta‐análise para alguns dos desfechos.ResultadosQuinze ensaios clínicos randomizados com 414 participantes com PC foram incluídos. A análise da qualidade metodológica dos estudos revelou um baixo risco de viés. O efeito do exercício aeróbico comparado aos cuidados habituais ou outras intervenções foi significativo para a capacidade aeróbica (diferença média padronizada [DMP] = 0,81; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC] = 0,16–1,47; p < 0,002; I2 = 68%), função motora grossa (DMP = 0,70; 95% = IC 0,21–1,19; p = 0,005; I2 = 49%), mobilidade (DMP = 0.53; 95% IC = 0.05–1.05; p = 0.03; I2 = 27%), equilíbro, and participação (DMP = 0.74; 95% IC = 0.10–1.39; p = 0.02; I2 = 0%). O exercício aeróbico não foi eficaz para a força muscular, espasticidade, parâmetros de marcha e QV (p > 0,05). A certeza da evidência para a maioria das comparações foi de moderada a baixa.InterpretaçãoEsta revisão fornece as evidências mais atualizadas sobre a eficácia do exercício aeróbico na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com PC.
Effect of spatial scale of soil data on estimates of soil ecosystem services: Case study in 100 km2 area in France
Authors: Scammacca Ottone , Sauzet Ophélie , Michelin Joel , Choquet Pauline , Garnier Patricia , Gabrielle Benoit , Baveye Philippe C. , Montagne David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the last decade, the ecosystem services (ESs) framework has been increasingly used to support mapping and assessment studies for sustainable land management purposes. Previous analysis of practical applications has revealed the significance of the spatial scale at which input data are obtained. This issue is particularly problematic with soil data that are often unavailable or available only at coarse scales or resolutions in various part of the world. In this context, four soil‐based ecosystem services, namely biomass provision, water provision, global climate regulation, and water quality regulation, are assessed using three conventional soil maps at the 1:1,000,000, 1:250,000 and 1:50,000 scales. The resulting individual and joint ES maps are then compared to examine the effects of changing the spatial scale of soil data on the ES levels and spatial patterns. ES levels are finally aggregated to landforms, land use, or administrative levels in order to try to identify the determinants of the sensitivity of ES levels to change in the scale of input soil data. Whereas the three soil maps turn out to be equally useful whenever ESs levels averaged over the whole 100 km2 territory are needed, the maps at the 1:1,000,000 and 1:250,000 induced biases in the assessment of ESs levels over spatial units smaller than 100 and 10 km2, respectively. The simplification of the diversity and spatial distribution of soils at the two coarsest scales indeed resulted in local differences in ES levels ranging from several 10 to several 100%. Identification of the optimal representation of soil diversity and distribution to obtain a reliable representation of ESs spatial distribution is not straightforward. The ESs sensitivity to scale effect is indeed context‐specific, variable among individual ESs, and not directly or simply linked with the soil typological diversity represented in soil maps. Forested and natural lands in the study area appear particularly sensitive to soil data scales as they occupy marginal soils showing very specific ESs signatures.
Interactive effects of rising temperatures and urbanisation on birds across different climate zones: A mechanistic perspective
Authors: Sumasgutner Petra , Cunningham Susan J. , Hegemann Arne , Amar Arjun , Watson Hannah , Nilsson Johan F. , Andersson Martin N. , Isaksson Caroline 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change and urbanisation are among the most pervasive and rapidly growing threats to biodiversity worldwide. However, their impacts are usually considered in isolation, and interactions are rarely examined. Predicting species' responses to the combined effects of climate change and urbanisation, therefore, represents a pressing challenge in global change biology. Birds are important model taxa for exploring the impacts of both climate change and urbanisation, and their behaviour and physiology have been well studied in urban and non‐urban systems. This understanding should allow interactive effects of rising temperatures and urbanisation to be inferred, yet considerations of these interactions are almost entirely lacking from empirical research. Here, we synthesise our current understanding of the potential mechanisms that could affect how species respond to the combined effects of rising temperatures and urbanisation, with a focus on avian taxa. We discuss potential interactive effects to motivate future in‐depth research on this critically important, yet overlooked, aspect of global change biology. Increased temperatures are a pronounced consequence of both urbanisation (through the urban heat island effect) and climate change. The biological impact of this warming in urban and non‐urban systems will likely differ in magnitude and direction when interacting with other factors that typically vary between these habitats, such as resource availability (e.g. water, food and microsites) and pollution levels. Furthermore, the nature of such interactions may differ for cities situated in different climate types, for example, tropical, arid, temperate, continental and polar. Within this article, we highlight the potential for interactive effects of climate and urban drivers on the mechanistic responses of birds, identify knowledge gaps and propose promising future research avenues. A deeper understanding of the behavioural and physiological mechanisms mediating species' responses to urbanisation and rising temperatures will provide novel insights into ecology and evolution under global change and may help better predict future population responses.
Modeling the U.S. Firearms Market
Authors: McDougal Topher L. , Montolio Daniel , Brauer Jurgen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe estimate the first econometric model of the national civilian firearms market in the United States (1946–2016), where per capita firearms‐related harm is exceptionally high. Solving simultaneous equation models instrumented by natural disasters and steel prices, and employing unique firearms prices and quantities data, we find this market operates normally, except that firearms stocks may generate some new market demand in a positive feedback loop. Save for the Federal Assault Weapons Ban (1994–2004), federal firearms legislation does not influence firearms sales. We find that violent crime, including homicide and mass shootings, boosts domestic sales.
Effect of Bacillus paralicheniformis on soybean (Glycine max) roots colonization, nutrient uptake and water use efficiency under drought stress
Authors: Liu Jie , Fimognari Lorenzo , de Almeida Jaqueline , Jensen Camilla Niketa Gadomska , Compant Stéphane , Oliveira Tiago , Baelum Jacob , Pastar Milica , Sessitsch Angela , Moelbak Lars , Liu Fulai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpore‐forming, plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPR) offer extraordinary opportunities for increasing plant productivity in climate change scenarios. Plant–water relationships, root development and photosynthetic performances are all key aspects of plant physiology determining yield, and the ability of PGPR to influence these in a coordinated manner is crucial for their success. In this study, we dissected the mode of action of a commercial Bacillus paralicheniformis FMCH001 in promoting soybean (Glycine max, seed variety: Sculptor) establishment in well‐watered and drought conditions. We found that FMCH001 colonizes the roots, improved root growth and allowed plants to absorb more nutrients from the soil. FMCH001 inoculation had no effect on abscisic acid in leaf or xylem sap, while significantly improved photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at 28 days after planting when drought stress exposed for 7 days, with depressed leaf water potential and osmotic potential. Moreover, the bacterium increased water use efficiency and the inoculated soybean plants exposed to drought used 22.94% less water as compared to control, despite producing comparable biomass. We propose that the ability of the bacterium to promote root growth and also modulate plant water relations are key mechanisms that allow FMCH001 to promote growth and survival in dicotyledon plants.
Population‐based survey of human monkeypox disease knowledge in the Philippines: An online cross‐sectional study
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsIn July 2022, the human monkeypox virus was declared by the World Health Organization, a public health emergency of global concern. This study investigated the Filipinos' knowledge of monkeypox and determined the demographic variables that predicted it.DesignCorrelational and cross‐sectional design adhering to STROBE guidelines.MethodsParticipants were recruited conveniently through social media platforms (n = 575). This study used a 21‐item monkeypox knowledge survey questionnaire to collect data from July to September 2022. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsMost participants (53.74%) were above 30 years old, females (68.87%), residing in Luzon (54.96%), college graduates (61.04%), Catholics (78.61%) and employed (68%). Social media, particularly Facebook (57.91%), is the common source of monkeypox‐related information (78.61%). Participants' age (>30 years old) is the only predictor of monkeypox infection knowledge (aOR: 3.13; 95%CI: 1.25–7.87, p = .015). They are three times more likely to be knowledgeable than those under 30.ConclusionThe findings highlight the importance of evidence‐based strategies for increasing public knowledge and awareness. The government, healthcare workers and the public should adopt proactive preventive measures against human monkeypox to prevent future pandemics.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution has been made in this study.Impact StatementWhat problem did the study address?

Assessing people's knowledge about monkeypox will help the government and healthcare workers (HCWs) create policies to prevent the spread of the virus. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study that used a national online survey to assess Filipinos’ human monkeypox knowledge.
What were the main findings?

Most participants had insufficient knowledge of the monkeypox infection.
Participants’ primary source of monkeypox infection information is social media, specifically Facebook.
Participants older than 30 had higher knowledge of monkeypox infection.
Where and on whom will the research have impact?

Raising public awareness and knowledge about monkeypox disease prevents viral transmission in the community.
HCWs (e.g., nurses, midwives, and doctors) should report monkeypox patients to appropriate health authorities. Standard and droplet precautions should be practiced and taught to the public to prevent the virus’ spread.
The government and HCWs should intensify monkeypox awareness programs to increase the public's knowledge and awareness of the disease. They can utilize social media platforms to disseminate correct and relevant information.
The possible role of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling in vitiligo treatment
Authors: Lin Xiran , Meng Xianmin , Lin Jingrong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVitiligo is a common chronic skin disease which has an adverse impact on patients' life. Its pathogenesis is complex, involving autoimmunity and oxidative stress (OS). Autoimmunity leads to the loss of epidermal melanocytes and the formation of the depigmented patches of the disease. Treatment of vitiligo should control the exaggerated immune response to arrest the progress of active disease, and then promote melanocytes to repigmentation. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway has been of recent interest in vitiligo. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling pathway is downregulated in vitiligo. Upregulation of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling possibly control vitiligo autoimmune response by protecting melanocyte from OS damage, inhibiting CD8+ T cell effector cell differentiation and enhancing Treg. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling plays a critical role in the melanocyte regeneration by driving the differentiation of melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) into melanocytes. Promoting Wnt/β‐catenin signalling can not only arrest the progress of active disease of vitiligo but also promote repigmentation. Some of the main effective therapies for vitiligo are likely to work by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signalling. Agents that can enhance the effect of Wnt/β‐catenin signalling may become potential candidates for the development of new drugs for vitiligo treatment.
An enigmatic pelagic fish with internalized red muscle: A future regional endotherm or forever an ectotherm?
Authors: Arostegui Martin C. , Shero Michelle R. , Frank Lawrence R. , Berquist Rachel M. , Braun Camrin D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEctothermy and endothermy in extant fishes are defined by distinct integrated suites of characters. Although only ⁓0.1% of fishes are known to have endothermic capacity, recent discoveries suggest that there may still be uncommon pelagic fish species with yet to be discovered endothermic traits. Among the most rarely encountered marine fishes, the louvar Luvarus imperialis is a remarkable example of adaptive evolution as the only extant pelagic species in the order Acanthuriformes (including surgeonfishes, tangs, unicornfishes and Moorish idol). Magnetic resonance imaging and gross necropsy did not yield evidence of cranial or visceral endothermy but revealed a central‐posterior distribution of myotomal red muscle that is a mixture of the character states typifying ectotherms (lateral‐posterior) and red muscle endotherms (central‐anterior). Dissection of a specimen confirmed, and an osteological proxy supported, that L. imperialis has not evolved the vascular rete that is vital to retaining heat in the red muscle. The combination of presumably relying on caudal propulsion while exhibiting internal red muscle without associated retia is unique to L. imperialis among all extant fishes, raising the macroevolutionary question of whether this species – in geologic timescales – will remain an ectotherm or evolve red muscle endothermy.
Assessing the contributions of modifiable risk factors to serious falls and fragility fractures among older persons living with HIV
Authors: Womack Julie A. , Murphy Terrence E. , Leo‐Summers Linda , Bates Jonathan , Jarad Samah , Gill Thomas M. , Hsieh Evelyn , Rodriguez‐Barradas Maria C. , Tien Phyllis C. , Yin Michael T. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Justice Amy C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough 50 years represents middle age among uninfected individuals, studies have shown that persons living with HIV (PWH) begin to demonstrate elevated risk for serious falls and fragility fractures in the sixth decade; the proportions of these outcomes attributable to modifiable factors are unknown.MethodsWe analyzed 21,041 older PWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study from 01/01/2010 through 09/30/2015. Serious falls were identified by Ecodes and a machine‐learning algorithm applied to radiology reports. Fragility fractures (hip, vertebral, and upper arm) were identified using ICD9 codes. Predictors for both models included a serious fall within the past 12 months, body mass index, physiologic frailty (VACS Index 2.0), illicit substance and alcohol use disorders, and measures of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. We separately fit multivariable logistic models to each outcome using generalized estimating equations. From these models, the longitudinal extensions of average attributable fraction (LE‐AAF) for modifiable risk factors were estimated.ResultsKey risk factors for both outcomes included physiologic frailty (VACS Index 2.0) (serious falls [15%; 95% CI 14%–15%]; fractures [13%; 95% CI 12%–14%]), a serious fall in the past year (serious falls [7%; 95% CI 7%–7%]; fractures [5%; 95% CI 4%–5%]), polypharmacy (serious falls [5%; 95% CI 4%–5%]; fractures [5%; 95% CI 4%–5%]), an opioid prescription in the past month (serious falls [7%; 95% CI 6%–7%]; fractures [9%; 95% CI 8%–9%]), and diagnosis of alcohol use disorder (serious falls [4%; 95% CI 4%–5%]; fractures [8%; 95% CI 7%–8%]).ConclusionsThis study confirms the contributions of risk factors important in the general population to both serious falls and fragility fractures among older PWH. Successful prevention programs for these outcomes should build on existing prevention efforts while including risk factors specific to PWH.