bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does Spino-Pelvic Fixation Affect Post-Operative Compensatory Mechanisms in Adult Spinal Deformity?
Authors: Zhi Wang , Boubez Ghassan , Al-Shakfa Fidaa , Kamel Yousef , Liu Jia , Shedid Daniel , Yuh Sung Joo , Rizkallah Maroun 
Published: September 2023

Study Design Retrospective single-center multi-surgeon cohort study. Objectives Compare the post-operative changes in the compensatory mechanisms of the sagittal balance according to the type of pelvic fixation: S2-Alar-iliac screws (S2AI) vs iliac screws (IS) in patients with Adult spine deformity (ASD). Methods ASD patients who underwent spino-pelvic fixation and remained with a PI-LL >10° mismatch post-operatively were included. Pre-operative and 1-year-follow-up PI, Lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), thoracic kyphosis (TK), femur obliquity angle (FOA), knee flexion angle (KFA) and ankle flexion angle (AFA) were analyzed on EOS imaging. Patients were categorized based on their pelvic fixation type (S2AI vs IS), and the pre-operative to 1-year-post-operative changes (ΔX°) in the compensatory mechanisms were compared between groups. Results Patients with S2AI ( n = 53) and those with IS ( n = 26) screws were comparable at baseline. ΔSS averaged 9.87° in the S2AI compared to 13.2° in the IS ( P = .001), whereas the ΔKFA reached 6.01° in the S2AI as opposed to 3.06° in the IS ( P = .02). The ΔPT was comparable between both groups (6.35°[S2AI group] vs 5.21°[ISgroup], P = .42). ΔTK, ΔLL, ΔFOA and ΔAFA were comparable between both groups. Conclusion The type of pelvic fixation impacts significantly the post-operative compensatory mechanisms in patients with ASD. Patients with S2AI screws are more likely to compensate their remaining post-operative PI-LL mismatch through their knees and less likely through their pelvis compared to patients with IS, despite similar changes in PT. This could be explained by an increased SI joint laxity in ASD patient and the lower resistance of the iliac connectors to the junctional mechanical stresses, allowing for sacro-iliac joint motion in patients with IS.
Socio-demographic and antenatal risk factors of brain tumor in children and young people: A matched case-control study from Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Zahid Nida , Enam Syed Ather , Urooj Faiza , Martins Russell Seth , Mårtensson Thomas , Mårtensson Andreas , Mushtaq Naureen , Kausar Faiza , Moochhala Mariya , Mughal Muhammad Nouman , Altaf Sadaf , Kirmani Salman , Brown Nick 
Published: September 2023

Background: Brain tumors are a common cause of morbidity, disability, cognitive deterioration and mortality in children, even after treatment. Little is know about the specific causes. The study aimed to assess potential socio-demographic and antenatal factors in primary brain tumor (PBTs) in children and young people (CYP) in Karachi, Pakistan. Designs and methods: A single center hospital based matched case control study in Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were defined as CYP aged between 5 and 21 years with any histological type and grade of primary brain tumor of any histology, stage or grade. Data were collected from parents of 244 patients at the selected center between 2017 and 2021 via telephonic interview. Controls were 5–21 years old CYP admitted with non-oncological diagnoses matched on age and sex. Matched Odds Ratios for predictors of brain tumor in children were derived. Those of statistical significance were included in a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: In the adjusted model, lower paternal education (matched adjusted odds ratio (maOR) 2.46; 95% CI 1.09–5.55), higher household monthly income (maOR 3.4; 95% CI 1.1–10.2), antenatal paternal use of addictive substances (maOR 19.5; 95% CI 2.1–179.8), and antenatal maternal use of analgesics during pregnancy (maOR 3.0; 95% CI 1.2–7.9) were all independently predictive of brain tumors. Conclusion: This matched case-control study found novel associations between maternal use of analgesics, paternal use of addictive substances, higher household income, and lower paternal education and Primary Brain Tumors in Children and Young People. Longitudinal multicenter studies will be required to test these associations prospectively.
New mechanisms and biomarkers of lymph node metastasis in cervical cancer: reflections from plasma proteomics
Authors: Han Sai , Liu Xiaoli , Ju Shuang , Mu Wendi , Abulikemu Gulijinaiti , Zhen Qianwei , Yang Jiaqi , Zhang Jingjing , Li Yi , Liu Hongli , Chen Qian , Cui Baoxia , Wu Shuxia , Zhang Youzhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
Lymph node metastasis (LNM) and lymphatic vasculature space infiltration (LVSI) in cervical cancer patients indicate a poor prognosis, but satisfactory methods for diagnosing these phenotypes are lacking. This study aimed to find new effective plasma biomarkers of LNM and LVSI as well as possible mechanisms underlying LNM and LVSI through data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteome sequencing.

Methods
A total of 20 cervical cancer plasma samples, including 7 LNM-/LVSI-(NC), 4 LNM-/LVSI + (LVSI) and 9 LNM + /LVSI + (LNM) samples from a cohort, were subjected to DIA to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) for LVSI and LNM. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed for DEP functional annotation. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to detect new effective plasma biomarkers and possible mechanisms.

Results
A total of 79 DEPs were identified in the cohort. GO and KEGG analyses showed that DEPs were mainly enriched in the complement and coagulation pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis pathway, HIF-1 signal transduction pathway and phagosome and autophagy. WGCNA showed that the enrichment of the green module differed greatly between groups. Six interesting core DEPs (SPARC, HPX, VCAM1, TFRC, ERN1 and APMAP) were confirmed to be potential plasma diagnostic markers for LVSI and LNM in cervical cancer patients.

Conclusion
Proteomic signatures developed in this study reflected the potential plasma diagnostic markers and new possible pathogenesis mechanisms in the LVSI and LNM of cervical cancer.
CRISPR-Cas System, a Possible “Savior” of Rice Threatened by Climate Change: An Updated Review
Authors: Shaheen Nabeel , Ahmad Shakeel , Alghamdi Salem S , Rehman Hafiz Mamoon , Javed Muhammad Arshad , Tabassum Javaria , Shao Gaoneng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change has significantly affected agriculture production, particularly the rice crop that is consumed by almost half of the world’s population and contributes significantly to global food security. Rice is vulnerable to several abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, heavy metals, rice blast, and bacterial blight that cause huge yield losses in rice, thus threatening food security worldwide. In this regard, several plant breeding and biotechnological techniques have been used to raise such rice varieties that could tackle climate changes. Nowadays, gene editing (GE) technology has revolutionized crop improvement. Among GE technology, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein) system has emerged as one of the most convenient, robust, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive system due to which it has got more popularity among plant researchers, especially rice breeders and geneticists. Since 2013 (the year of first application of CRISPR/Cas-based GE system in rice), several trait-specific climate-resilient rice lines have been developed using CRISPR/Cas-based GE tools. Earlier, several reports have been published confirming the successful application of GE tools for rice improvement. However, this review particularly aims to provide an updated and well-synthesized brief discussion based on the recent studies (from 2020 to present) on the applications of GE tools, particularly CRISPR-based systems for developing CRISPR rice to tackle the current alarming situation of climate change, worldwide. Moreover, potential limitations and technical bottlenecks in the development of CRISPR rice, and prospects are also discussed.
The dimethadione-exposed rat fetus: an animal model for the prenatal ultrasound characterization of ventricular septal defect
Authors: Yang Yiru , Lyu GuoRong , He Shaozheng , Yang Hainan , Li Shangqing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundVentricular septal defect (VSD) is the most prevalent congenital heart disease (CHD) and is easily misdiagnosed or missed. An appropriate VSD animal model could be used to analyze the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases, and provides the opportunity to further explore the pathogenesis of VSD. Currently, little is known about whether ultrahigh-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) is suitable to diagnose VSD of fetal rats. There is no research on whether a dimethadione (DMO)-induced fetal VSD model is suitable for the observation and analysis of imaging characteristics and the associated pathological basis.MethodsWe used DMO to induce VSD. UBM was used to perform the prenatal ultrasound characterization. With the pathological results used as the gold standard, the ultrasound characteristics and their related pathological bases were analyzed.ResultsThe incidence of VSD in the DMO group was 42.05% and 39.71% (diagnosed by UBM and pathology, respectively,P > 0.05). The prenatal ultrasound findings and pathological basis of various diseases, including isolated VSD, complex CHD containing VSD, and extracardiac lesions, were detected and discussed. It was discovered that some fetuses showed features of noncompacted ventricular myocardium, and for the first time, clusters of red blood cell traversing the cardiomyocytes.ConclusionsThe DMO-induced VSD model is a low-cost model with a high success rate and is suitable for the observation and analysis of VSD. UBM is suitable for evaluating VSD.
Systematic examination of methodological inconsistency in operationalizing cognitive reserve and its impact on identifying predictors of late-life cognition
Authors: Howard Kerry A. , Massimo Lauren , Griffin Sarah F. , Gagnon Ryan J. , Zhang Lu , Rennert Lior 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Cognitive reserve (CR) is the ability to maintain cognitive performance despite brain pathology. CR is built through lifecourse experiences (e.g., education) and is a key construct in promoting healthy aging. However, the operationalization of CR and its estimated association with late-life cognition varies. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the operationalization of CR and the relationship between its operationalization and late-life cognition.

Methods
We performed a comprehensive review of experiences (proxies) used to operationalize CR. The review informed quantitative analyses using data from 1366 participants of the Memory and Aging Project to examine 1) relationships between proxies and 2) the relationship between operationalization and late-life cognition. We also conducted a factor analysis with all identified CR experiences to create a composite lifecourse CR score. Generalized linear mixed models examined the relationship between operationalizations and global cognition, with secondary outcomes of five domains of cognition to examine consistency.

Results
Based on a review of 753 articles, we found the majority (92.3%) of the 28 commonly used proxies have weak to no correlation between one another. There was substantial variability in the association between operationalizations and late-life global cognition (median effect size: 0.99, IQR: 0.34 to 1.39). There was not strong consistency in the association between CR operationalizations and the five cognitive domains (mean consistency: 56.1%). The average estimate for the 28 operationalizations was 0.91 (SE = 0.48), compared to 2.48 (SE = 0.40) for the lifecourse score and it was associated with all five domains of cognition.

Conclusions
Inconsistent methodology is theorized as a major limitation of CR research and barrier to identification of impactful experiences for healthy cognitive aging. Based on the weak associations, it is not surprising that the relationship between CR and late-life cognition is dependent on the experience used to operationalize CR. Scores using multiple experiences across the lifecourse may help overcome such limitations. Adherence to a lifecourse approach and collaborative movement towards a consensus operationalization of CR are imperative shifts in the study of CR that can better inform research on risk factors related to cognitive decline and ultimately aid in the promotion of healthy aging.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Person-Centered Maternity Care Scale
Authors: Zhong Xiaoying , Hu Rong , Afulani Patience A. , Li Xixi , Guo Xiujing , He Tingting , Li Dehua , Li Zuowei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence show that women across the world face unacceptable mistreatment during childbirth. Person-centered maternity care is fundamental and essential to quality of healthcare services. The aim of this study was to translate and determine the psychometric properties of the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) Scale among Chinese postpartum women.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1235 post-partum women in China. The cross-cultural adaptation process followed the Beaton intercultural debugging guidelines. A total of 1235 women were included to establish the psychometric properties of the PCMC. A demographic characteristics form and the PCMC were used for data collection. The psychometric properties of the PCMC were evaluated by examining item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, known-groups discriminant validity, and internal consistency.

Results
The number of extracted common factors was limited to three (dignity & respect, communication & autonomy, supportive care), explaining a total variance of 40.8%. Regarding internal consistency, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and split-half reliability of the full PCMC score were 0.989 and 0.852, respectively.

Conclusions
The Chinese version of the PCMC is a reliable and valid tool to assess person-centered care during childbirth in China.
Breastfeeding in primiparous women – expectations and reality: a prospective questionnaire survey
Authors: Oberfichtner Katrin , Oppelt Peter , Fritz Daniela , Hrauda Katharina , Fritz Christian , Schildberger Barbara , Lastinger Julia , Stelzl Patrick , Enengl Sabine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Breastfeeding provides the optimal nutrition for infants and offers numerous benefits for both mother and child. The World Health Organisation recommends exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life and the introduction of complementary feeding between the fifth and seventh months of life. There is a discrepancy between breastfeeding recommendations and the actual duration of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to analyse breastfeeding behaviour in primiparous women in order to be able to provide support for mothers.

Methods
In this prospective, questionnaire-based study conducted between 2020 and 2022, primiparous women were asked to complete three questionnaires at three defined survey time points (routine prepartum presentation, postpartum hospitalization, completed sixth month of life).

Results
A total of 140 women were included and returned all three questionnaires. Fifty-eight percent performed breastfeeding exclusively at least until their baby had reached the age of 6 months, whereas 20% already stopped within the first 6 months. The main reasons given for early cessation were insufficient milk supply and inadequate infant weight gain. A comprehensive level of prepartum knowledge had a significant positive effect on participants’ sense of confidence with breastfeeding. Sociodemographic factors such as age and educational level were also associated with breastfeeding behaviour, but significant corresponding differences in the duration of breastfeeding were not observed. Women with postpartum midwifery care breastfed significantly longer (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Breastfeeding behaviour and duration are influenced by multiple factors. Although certain sociodemographic factors are unalterable, comprehensive prepartum knowledge transfer and postpartum midwifery care have a positive impact on breastfeeding behaviour.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien, DRKS) on 6 December 2022 (DRKS00030763).
Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index on cardiometabolic risk factors in schoolchildren
Authors: Bagatini Natália Carvalho , Feil Pinho Carolina Dertzbocher , Leites Gabriela Tomedi , da Cunha Voser Rogério , Gaya Anelise Reis , Santos Cunha Giovani dos 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
High levels of physical fitness established during childhood and adolescence have been associated with positive effects on cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF), which persist into adulthood. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle, overweight, and obesity during this period are considered public health problems. These conditions tend to worsen in adulthood, increasing the incidence of chronic diseases, deteriorating CMRF, and consequently leading to higher comorbidity and mortality rates.

Objective
To investigate the effect of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) on CMRF in children and adolescents.

Methods
The sample consisted of 49 schoolchildren of both sexes aged 10–17 years. Anthropometric assessments, CRF test, muscle strength test, and blood pressure (BP) measurement were conducted. Participants were allocated into groups based on BMI (eutrophic, overweight, obese), and CRF levels (low-fit, normal-fit, and high-fit).

Results
Obese individuals had lower CRF values compared to the eutrophic and overweight groups. The cardiometabolic risk profile (CMRP) was significantly higher in the obese group compared to the eutrophic group but showed no significant difference compared to the overweight group. The hight-fit group had lower CMRP values compared to the low-fit group.

Conclusions
Higher BMI and CRF values had negative and positive effects on CMRF and CMRP in schoolchildren, respectively. Overweight or obese schoolchildren with low levels of CRF constitute an unfavourable cardiometabolic risk profile.
Extraction of a metallic susceptor after accidental ingestion of the heated tobaccostick TEREA™: a case report
Authors: Higashi Koki , Koike Yuhki , Sato Yuki , Yamashita Shinji , Nagano Yuka , Shimura Tadanobu , Kitajima Takahito , Matsushita Kohei , Yokota Kazuki , Amano Keishiro , Okugawa Yoshinaga , Toiyama Yuji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Tobacco ingestion is widely known to cause nicotine toxicity, which may result in severe symptoms. Two heated tobacco sticks, called TEREA™ and SENTIA™, were launched in 2021 by Philip Morris International (New York, NY, USA), and their ingestion is associated with a risk of bowel injury because they contain a partially pointed metallic susceptor. However, this risk is not well known to the general public or healthcare providers. To increase awareness of this risk, we herein report a case involving extraction of a metallic susceptor after ingestion of the heated tobacco stick TEREA™.

Case presentation
A 7-month-old girl presented to the emergency department of a nearby hospital because she was suspected to have accidentally swallowed heated tobacco. Although she presented with no symptoms related to nicotine poisoning, abdominal X-ray examination revealed a metal object in her stomach. According to a statement released by the Japan Poison Information Center, the TEREA™ heated tobacco stick contains a metallic susceptor with a rectangular shape and sharp corners. The patient was transferred to our department because of the risk of bowel injury, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed. No cigarettes were found by endoscopic observation; however, a metallic susceptor was located in the second part of the duodenum. We grasped it with biopsy forceps and carefully removed it using an endoscope with a cap attached to the tip. The post-endoscopic course was uneventful.

Conclusions
Some patients who ingest heated tobacco sticks might be exposed not only to the effects of nicotine but also to physical damage caused by a metallic susceptor. Infants and toddlers especially could swallow these sticks, therefore tobacco companies need to make the problem more public. Clinicians also should alert the problem, and pay attention to this risk in the clinical setting.
Enhancing linkage to HIV care in the “Universal Test and Treat” era: Barriers and enablers to HIV care among adults in a high HIV burdened district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Nicol Edward , Jama Ngcwalisa Amanda , Mehlomakulu Vuyelwa , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Pass Desiree , Basera Wisdom , Bradshaw Debbie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnding AIDS by 2030 would depend on how successful health systems are in linking people living with HIV (PLHIV) into care. The World Health Organization recommended the ‘Universal Test and Treat’ (UTT) strategy – initiating all individuals testing positive on antiretroviral therapy (ART) irrespective of their CD4 count and clinical staging. This study aimed to explore the enablers and barriers to linkage to HIV care among adults with a new HIV diagnosis in a high-HIV prevalent rural district in South Africa. A qualitative study was undertaken to explore patients’ perceptions of enablers and barriers of linkage-to-care, using a life-story narration and dialogue approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 38 HIV-positive participants sampled from a cohort of 1194 HIV-positive patients recruited from December 2017 to June 2018. Participants were selected based on whether they had been linked to care or not within 3 months of positive HIV diagnosis. Interviews were thematically analysed using a general inductive approach. Of the 38 participants, 22 (58%) linked to care within three months of HIV-positive diagnosis. Factors that facilitated or inhibited linkage-to-care were found at individual, family, community, as well as health systems levels. Enablers included a positive HIV testing experience, and assistance from the fieldwork team. Support from family, and friends, as well as prior community-based education about HIV and ART were also noted. Individual factors such as acceptance of HIV status, previous exposure to PLHIV, and fear of HIV progressing, were identified. Barriers to linkage included, denial of HIV status, dislike of taking pills, and preference for alternative medicine. Negative experiences with counselling and health systems inefficiency were also noted as barriers. Perceived stigma and socio-economic factors, such as lack of food or money to visit the clinic were other barriers. Community-based and health system-level interventions would need to focus on clinic readiness in providing patients with necessary and effective health services such as proper and adequate counselling. This could increase the number of patients who link to care. Finally, interventions to improve linkage-to-care should consider a holistic approach, including training healthcare providers, community outreach and the provision of psychological, social, and financial support.