bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining theory of mind and abductive reasoning in agent-oriented programming
Authors: Montes Nieves , Luck Michael , Osman Nardine , Rodrigues Odinaldo , Sierra Carles 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel model, called TomAbd, that endows autonomous agents with Theory of Mind capabilities. TomAbd agents are able to simulate the perspective of the world that their peers have and reason from their perspective. Furthermore, TomAbd agents can reason from the perspective of others down to an arbitrary level of recursion, using Theory of Mind of $$n^{\text {th}}$$

n
th

order. By combining the previous capability with abductive reasoning, TomAbd agents can infer the beliefs that others were relying upon to select their actions, hence putting them in a more informed position when it comes to their own decision-making. We have tested the TomAbd model in the challenging domain of Hanabi, a game characterised by cooperation and imperfect information. Our results show that the abilities granted by the TomAbd model boost the performance of the team along a variety of metrics, including final score, efficiency of communication, and uncertainty reduction.
The new achikumbe elite: food systems transformation in the context of digital platforms use in agriculture in Malawi
Authors: Tauzie M. , Hermans T. D. G. , Whitfield S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Malabo Declaration places the transformation of agriculture and food systems at the centre of regional and national policy priorities across Africa. Transformative change in the way that food is produced, processed and consumed is seen as not only necessary for addressing the complex challenges of food security and poverty alleviation, but also as a driver of new employment opportunities and economic development. As pointed out within the recent UN Food Systems Summit, essential elements of food system transformations include digital transitions and the empowerment of women and youth. However, there are few empirical examples demonstrating how these agendas come together to affect food system change. Here we focus on an enterprising group of young farmers referred to as Malawi’s new achikumbe elite, who are urban based, educated and engaging in agriculture on a commercial basis. The aim is to characterise this emergent group of agriculturalists and to understand the role that they have within the transformation of Malawi-s agricultural sector. We explore how digital platforms are supporting the emergence of this new category of farmer and positioning young people as agents of change in food systems transformation. Based on interviews and ethnographic research with 32 young farmers between 2018 and 2022 combined with interviews with representatives of service providers and agricultural organisations, we argue that this group is characterised by a higher level of education, self-dependency and use of digital platforms, enabling them to adapt their context to sourcing production resources and engaging in commercial agriculture. We present evidence that digital platforms are supporting the new achikumbe elite (NAE) to engage flexibly with new commercial markets, contracts and access a wider range of training and advice. However, while digital platforms can offer more equitable access to information and market opportunities, they also represent potential avenues for food system transformations that are inequitable. As such, we argue that there is need for digital technologies to mitigate against potential inequalities.
MSD-NAS: multi-scale dense neural architecture search for real-time pedestrian lane detection
Authors: Ang Sui Paul , Phung Son Lam , Duong Soan T. M. , Bouzerdoum Abdesselam 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccurate detection of pedestrian lanes is a crucial criterion for vision-impaired people to navigate freely and safely. The current deep learning methods have achieved reasonable accuracy at this task. However, they lack practicality for real-time pedestrian lane detection due to non-optimal accuracy, speed, and model size trade-off. Hence, an optimized deep neural network (DNN) for pedestrian lane detection is required. Designing a DNN from scratch is a laborious task that requires significant experience and time. This paper proposes a novel neural architecture search (NAS) algorithm, named MSD-NAS, to automate this laborious task. The proposed method designs an optimized deep network with multi-scale input branches, allowing the derived network to utilize local and global contexts for predictions. The search is also performed in a large and generic space that includes many existing hand-designed network architectures as candidates. To further boost performance, we propose a Short-term Visual Memory mechanism to improve information facilitation within the derived networks. Evaluated on the PLVP3 dataset of 10,000 images, the DNN designed by MSD-NAS achieves state-of-the-art accuracy (0.9781) and mIoU (0.9542), while being 20.16 times faster and 2.56 times smaller than the current best deep learning model.
Evaluation of biotechnological processing through solid-state fermentation of oilseed cakes on extracts bioactive potential
Authors: Sousa Daniel , Simões Luara , Oliveira Rui , Salgado José Manuel , Cambra-López Maria , Belo Isabel , Dias Alberto 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOilseed cakes (OC) are natural sources of lignocellulosic biomass, produced every year in large amounts. In addition to their main applications as animal feed, plant or soil fertilizer, and compost, they present enormous potential for being used in biotechnological processes for the obtainment and extraction of valuable bioactive compounds. This work evaluated the effect of solid-state fermentation on the bioactive properties of extracts obtained from the bioprocessing of OC and evaluated the effect of solvents on the recovery of compounds with higher bioactive potential. A general decrease of EC50 values was observed for fermented extracts obtained using a mixture of water/methanol (1:1) as extraction solvent. A decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed for fermented water extracts compared to non-fermented. Additionally, growth inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes was observed when using aqueous methanolic fermented extracts. These extracts also exhibited a higher percentage of growth reduction against phytopathogenic fungi, and some extracts exhibited increased protection against genotoxic agents such as camptothecin and bisphenol A. It was demonstrated that bioprocessing of OC through SSF is an effective approach to obtaining valuable compounds with bioactive properties for use in the food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industries.
Shared digital artifacts – Co-creators as beneficiaries in microlearning development
Authors: Thiel de Gafenco Marian , Weinert Tim , Janson Andreas , Klusmeyer Jens , Leimeister Jan Marco 
Published: August 2023

AbstractContinuing vocational training benefits from the employees’ ability to share individual experience and expertise with their co-workers, as these assets constitute competitive advantages for companies. IT-supported systems can facilitate processes of knowledge elicitation (e. g. as part of collaborative co-creation) to ensure retainment of preferred qualitative characteristics of the resulting knowledge artifacts and provide ample opportunities to manage and configure a growing number of such artifacts in a company’s repository. It remains unclear however, how such collaborative and digital co-creation processes can benefit the individual co-creators’ expertise development. To address this gap in research and practice, an IT-supported co-creation system for microlearnings is designed and evaluated with master craftsman trainees of an inter-company vocational training center. With the deployment of the co-creation system, knowledge elaboration was examined via a qualitative evaluation of concept maps. By applying categories of the maps’ semantic properties and comparing features of expert knowledge derived from expertise research and concept mapping literature, we evaluate the process’ function to support expert knowledge elaboration as a desirable learning outcome for co-creators of shared digital artifacts. Analysis of the concept maps shows an absence of theoretical reasoning and an emphasis on contextual factors with minute details of work processes, indicating more practical than expert knowledge formation when co-creating shared digital artifacts. To improve the IT system’s effective support for expert knowledge elicitation, adjustments to the structured procedure are discussed and future research directions and limitations of this study are addressed.
Archival Analysis of Slash-And-Burn Agriculture in the Northern Ural Mountains at the End of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Aleinikov Alexei , Lisitsyna Olga 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt the end of the nineteenth century, the northern territories of the Russian Plain and western piedmont of Northern Ural Mountains were under various land-use systems, including slash-and-burn (SAB) agriculture. Using archival materials for the years 1880–1910 as data sources, we analyse the the location and extent of SAB agriculture, it timing, and its impact on the landscapes at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and present a review of the historical and ethnographic literature. The study area is in the western piedmont of the Northern Ural Mountains, between the Kama and Pechora rivers in dark conifer dominated forests. The population is sparse (14 people per 100 km² in 1900) and settled along the rivers. In 1885 the practice of SAB agriculture was totally prohibited, but the unusually large crop harvest during the first years of the ban led people to risk breaking the law. Between the years 1885 and 1894 a total number of 175 SAB cases was recorded in the study area. The SAB sites were used only once before being abandoned. The recorded plots were usually cultivated by one family. They small (0.03 ha to 2.70 ha, with a median of 0.55 ha) and located within 7.5 km of the settlements. The practice SAB agriculture led to the formation of mosaics of multiple-aged pyrogenic forest associations near the settlements.
"Off/On” Fluorescent Probe based on Aggregation-Induced Quenching of ZnO-Quantum dots for Determination of Ara-C: Pharmacokinetic Applications, Adsorption Kinetics & Green Profile Assessment
Authors: El-Zahry Marwa R. , Ibrahim Rania S. , El-Wadood Hanaa M. Abd , Mohamed Horria A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, a turn “Off/On” fluorescence probe based on ZnO quantum dots (ZnO-QDs) has been proposed and successfully utilized for the determination of Ara-C (cytarabine) using ceric ions (Ce4+) as quencher and ethylenediamine (ED) as a linker. The probe is based initially on the quenching effect of Ce4+ ions on the strong native fluorescence of ZnO-QDs forming the Turn Off system (Ce@ZnO-QDs) that believed to occur due to the aggregation-induced quenching (AIQ) mechanism. The second step is the addition of Ara-C in the presence of ethylenediamine (ED) that encourages the formation of Ara-C/ED/Ce4+ as well as the release of the free ZnO-QDs, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence intensity. The developed sensing platform shows a linear response towards Ara-C over the range of 10 to 1000 ng mL−1 giving a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 1.22 ng mL−1 and 3.70 ng mL−1, respectively. A dispersive magnetic solid phase micro-extraction (dMSPE) method was developed and optimized for the extraction of Ara-C in spiked human plasma using thiol-modified magnetite nanoparticles (S-MNPs). The proposed platform exhibits good sensitivity toward Ara-C in the presence of different interfering substances. Excellent recoveries are obtained after spiking different concentrations of Ara-C into rabbit plasma samples. The validated experimental parameters have been successfully applied to monitor the pharmacokinetic profile of Ara-C in rabbit plasma. A detailed adsorption kinetics study has been carried out to provide a deep insight into the adsorption behavior of Ara-C on the thiol-doped-magnetite nanoparticles. The greenness assessment of the proposed method was achieved and compared with other reported methods using two tools of greenness; the green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and the analytical greenness calculator AGREE.
Perturbed Anisotropic Opinion Dynamics with Delayed Information
Authors: Neirotti Juan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe revisited the problem of modeling a publicity campaign in a society of intelligent agents that form their opinions by interchanging information with each other and with the society as a whole. We use a Markov approximation to consider the effects of an interaction delay$$\tau $$τin the system of perturbed differential equations that model the social dynamics. The stable points of the dynamical system are the manifestation of the agent’s attitudes, either in favor or against the social rule, as it was previously found, but the approach to the stable points is greatly modified by the presence of the delay.
Predictors for Prolonged Hospital Stay Solely to Complete Intravenous Antifungal Treatment in Patients with Candidemia: Results from the ECMM Candida III Multinational European Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Egger Matthias , Salmanton-García Jon , Barac Aleksandra , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Guegan Hélène , Arsic-Arsenijevic Valentina , Matos Tadeja , Tomazin Rok , Klimko Nikolai , Bassetti Matteo , Hammarström Helena , Meijer Eelco F. J. , Meis Jacques F. , Prattes Juergen , Krause Robert , Resat Sipahi Oguz , Scharmann Ulrike , White P. Lewis , Desoubeaux Guillaume , García-Rodríguez Julio , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Martín-Pérez Sonia , Ruiz Maite , Tumbarello Mario , Talento Alida Fe , Rogers Benedict , Lagrou Katrien , van Praet Jens , Arikan-Akdagli Sevtap , Arendrup Maiken C. , Koehler Philipp , Cornely Oliver A. , Hoenigl Martin ,   on behalf of the ECMM Candida III Study Group$, Alastruey-Izquierdo Ana , de Jonge Nick Alexander , Bicanic Tihana , Blennow Ola , Denis Blandine , Khanna Nina , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Logan Clare , Loughlin Laura , Özenci Volkan , Zdenek Zdenek , Rahimli Laman , Rautemaa-Richardson Riina , Steinmann Joerg , Stoma Igor , Trauth Janina , Danion François , Buil Jochem B. , Dávila-Valls Julio , van Wijngaerden Eric 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
To date, azoles represent the only viable option for oral treatment of invasive Candida infections, while rates of azole resistance among non-albicans Candida spp. continue to increase. The objective of this sub-analysis of the European multicenter observational cohort study Candida III was to describe demographical and clinical characteristics of the cohort requiring prolonged hospitalization solely to complete intravenous (iv) antifungal treatment (AF Tx).

Methods
Each participating hospital (number of eligible hospitals per country determined by population size) included the first ~ 10 blood culture proven adult candidemia cases occurring consecutively after July 1st, 2018, and treating physicians answered the question on whether hospital stay was prolonged only for completion of intravenous antifungal therapy. Descriptive analyses as well as binary logistic regression was used to assess for predictors of prolonged hospitalization solely to complete iv AF Tx.

Findings
Hospital stay was prolonged solely for the completion of iv AF Tx in 16% (100/621) of candidemia cases by a median of 16 days (IQR 8 – 28). In the multivariable model, initial echinocandin treatment was a positive predictor for prolonged hospitalization to complete iv AF Tx (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.55 – 5.32, p < 0.001), while (i) neutropenia, (ii) intensive care unit admission, (iii) catheter related candidemia, (iv) total parenteral nutrition, and (v) C. parapsilosis as causative pathogen were found to be negative predictors (aOR 0.22 – 0.45; p < 0.03).

Interpretation
Hospital stays were prolonged due to need of iv AF Tx in 16% of patients with candidemia. Those patients were more likely to receive echinocandins as initial treatment and were less severely ill and less likely infected with C. parapsilosis.
What could Jesus do?
Authors: Baber H. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to many orthodox Christian theologies Jesus is not merely sinless but impeccable: he not only did not sin but could not. This is puzzling because one can only sin by doing something else and, prima face, Jesus can do actions that you or I could do by which we would sin. I suggest that appearances to the contrary, Jesus cannot do a variety of actions that a merely human duplicate could do. His doing sinful actions is compossible with a range of empirical facts about his physical abilities and circumstances of the sort we ordinarily take into account in assessing what a person can do, but not with a wider range of theological facts concerning his divinity. Like Tim, Lewis’s time-traveler, who can kill Grandfather relative to facts about his immediate circumstances and abilities but not relative to a wider range of facts, Jesus ‘can’ in the ordinary sense sin, though he will not, but relative to a wider range of facts which obtain in virtue of his divinity, cannot.
Basic Needs (in)Security and Subjective Equivalence Scales
Authors: Koch Steven F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEquivalence scales are policy parameters for inequality measurement, tax deductions and subsidies. Thus, their accuracy is relevant both for budgets and social cohesion; however, their measurement is subject to debate regarding the underlying measure of welfare. Self-assessed insecurities in terms of clothing, housing and food—or basic needs—imply that at least some households are at lower levels of welfare than those that are meeting their needs. We use this to determine the increase in total expenditure required to meet their needs, on average, and thus we are able to calculate the implied equivalence scales. We compare these subjective scales to ones that arise from objective measures, such as expenditure shares on the same items. Our subjective scales are more consistent and plausible across all goods, and are similar to those arising from food expenditure shares. While scales arising from either housing or clothing expenditure shares are neither similar to those arising from food shares or basic needs adequacy nor are they plausible, given the plausibility rules we apply. Furthermore, the subjective equivalence scales are smaller than those proposed in the OECD-modified scale.
Entangled Inequalities: U.S. Trends in Self-Rated Health at the Intersection of Gender and Race, 1972–2018
Authors: Cummings Jason L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study provides a systematic assessment of U.S. differentials in self-rated health over the past five decades (1972–2018) at the intersection of race and gender (i.e., White men, White women, Black men, Black women). In so doing, we provide new evidence regarding racial and gender dynamics in well-being since the civil rights and women’s rights legislations of the 1960s/1970s. We find that self-rated health differentials are converging. Black women experienced a discernable pattern of improvement. In contrast, Black men encountered a variable trend, experiencing self-rated health gains in some decades (i.e., 1990s and 2010s) although experiencing an intermittent reversal of previous gains during the pre-Obama/recession years (i.e., 2000s). While White women experienced self-rated health gains between the 1970s and 2000s, White men experienced little to no change in their health status across the first four decades of the survey. After the economic downturn (2010–2018), however, self-rated health gains among White women diminished, while White men encountered an unparalleled pattern of decline. Our findings contribute to a growing body of work in the United States indicating rapid declines in well-being across a broad range of social indicators of quality of life post-recession. Our findings also closely parallel scholarly work highlighting the well-documented declines in life expectancy and increases in “Deaths of Despair” that have disproportionately and adversely affected the White American (male) population in recent years.
On the Road to Justice: Some Selected Suggestions for the Future of Social Justice Research
Authors: Steensma Herman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, several aspects of social justice research are reviewed to analyze the current state of the field and to suggest refinements and new directions. The micro–macro-levels problem is discussed, including the policy of affirmative action. A canon of relevant philosophers is proposed. The strong influence of justice principles on social change research, search conferences and group interventions are demonstrated. The information value of social justice theories can be strengthened in several ways. Expanded information value implies increased effectiveness of advice and interventions. Possibilities to integrate justice criteria in total quality management are discussed. Contemporary quality management focuses on triple-P criteria: people, planet, profit, highly relevant for basic and applied justice research. The current state of the social justice discipline is rather good, but there is room for improvement. Finally, interdisciplinary research is the future, in particular for studies to solve complex societal and global problems.
Knowledge-how and the limits of defeat
Authors: Kearl Timothy R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow, if at all, is knowing how to do something defeasible? Some, the “intellectualists”, treat the defeasibility of knowledge-how as in some way derivative on the defeasibility of knowledge-that. According to a recent proposal by Carter and Navarro (Philos Phenomenol Res 3:662–685, 2017), knowledge-how defeat cannot be explained in terms of knowledge-that defeat; instead, knowledge-how defeat merits and entirely separate treatment. The thought behind “separatism” is easy to articulate. Assuming that knowledge of any kind is defeasible, since knowledge-that and knowledge-how are fundamentally different beasts, the best accounts of their defeasibility must reflect the underlying differences between them. I reject a separatist treatment of the defeasibility of knowledge-that and knowledge-how. One can acknowledge certain important differences between knowledge-that and knowledge-how without thereby needing two theories of defeasibility. Ultimately, though, I’ll argue that the defeasibility of basic knowledge-how, unlike non-basic knowledge-how, is a much more difficult issue than has been acknowledged.