bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulatory role of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E on skin health, immunity, microbiome, and diseases
Authors: Joshi Mahika , Hiremath Priyanka , John Jeena , Ranadive Niraja , Nandakumar Krishnadas , Mudgal Jayesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDisruption of the skin barrier and immunity has been associated with several skin diseases, namely atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and acne. Resident and non-resident immune cells and the barrier system of the skin are integral to innate immunity. Recent advances in understanding skin microbiota have opened the scope of further understanding the various communications between these microbiota and skin immune cells. Vitamins, being one of the important micronutrients, have been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. The immunomodulatory action of vitamins can halt the progression of skin diseases, and thus, understanding the immuno-pharmacology of these vitamins, especially for skin diseases can pave the way for their therapeutic potential. At the same time, molecular and cellular markers modulated with these vitamins and their derivatives need to be explored. The present review is focused on significant vitamins (vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E) consumed as nutritional supplements to discuss the outcomes and scope of studies related to skin immunity, health, and diseases.
Graphical abstract
Quantified mass loss of the Laohugou ice core and its precipitation signal during 1961–2005 at high elevation in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Du Wentao , Kang Shichang , Chen Jizu , Sun Weijun , Qin Xiang , Ji Zhenming , Sun Wenxuan , Qiu Yanan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIce records provide a qualitative rather than a quantitative indication of the trend of climate change. Using the bulk aerodynamic method and degree day model, this study quantified ice mass loss attributable to sublimation/evaporation (S/E) and meltwater on the basis of integrated observations (1960–2006) of glacier-related and atmospheric variables in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. During 1961–2005, the average annual mass loss in the ice core was 95.33 ± 20.56 mm w.e. (minimum: 78.97 mm w.e. in 1967, maximum: 146.67 mm w.e. in 2001), while the average ratio of the revised annual ice accumulation was 21.2 ± 7.7% (minimum: 11.0% in 1992, maximum 44.8% in 2000). A quantitative formula expressing the relationship between S/E and air temperature at the monthly scale was established, which could be extended to estimation of S/E changes of other glaciers in other regions. The elevation effect on alpine precipitation determined using revised ice accumulation and instrumental data was found remarkable. This work established a method for quantitative assessment of the temporal variation in ice core mass loss, and advanced the reconstruction of long-term precipitation at high elevations. Importantly, the formula established for reconstruction of S/E from temperature time series data could be used in other regions.
Detection and characterization of discontinuous motion on Thompson Glacier, Canadian High Arctic, using synthetic aperture radar speckle tracking and ice-flow modeling
Authors: Corti Giovanni , Rabus Bernhard , Flowers Gwenn E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate unusual discontinuous glacier motion on Thompson Glacier, Umingmat Nunaat, Arctic Canada, using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images and ice-flow modeling. A novel intensity-rescaling scheme is developed to reduce errors in high-resolution speckle tracking, resulting in a ~25% improvement in accuracy. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) and speckle tracking using high resolution RADARSAT-2 data indicate velocity discontinuities of up to 1 cm d−1 across deep and longitudinally extensive supraglacial channels on Thompson Glacier. We use a cross-sectional finite-element ice-flow model to determine the conditions under which velocity discontinuities of the observed magnitude and signature are possible. The modeling suggests that discontinuous motion across (long and straight) supraglacial channels can occur without ice fracture and under a wide variety of glacier thermal structures, including in fully temperate glaciers. Despite the wide range of conditions conducive to discontinuous motion, the form we observe requires that the associated channels be deep, longitudinally extensive and located in regions of lateral shearing. We speculate that these combined conditions are rare except on polythermal glaciers, where drainage features such as moulins are comparatively scarce and lower deformation rates allow channels to incise consistently and persist over many years.
High consumption of dairy products and risk of major adverse coronary events and stroke in a Swedish population
Authors: Dukuzimana Justine , Janzi Suzanne , Habberstad Caroline , Zhang Shunming , Borné Yan , Sonestedt Emily 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe association between the consumption of dairy products and risk of CVD has been inconsistent. There is a lack of studies in populations with high intakes of dairy products. We aimed to examine the association between intake of dairy products and risk of incident major adverse coronary events and stroke in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study. We included 26 190 participants without prevalent CVD or diabetes. Dietary habits were obtained from a modified diet history, and endpoint data were extracted from registers. Over an average of 19 years of follow-up, 3633 major adverse coronary events cases and 2643 stroke cases were reported. After adjusting for potential confounders, very high intakes of non-fermented milk (>1000 g/d) compared with low intakes (<200 g/d) were associated with 35 % (95 % CI (8, 69)) higher risk of major adverse coronary events. In contrast, moderate intakes of fermented milk (100–300 g/d) were associated with a lower risk of major adverse coronary events compared with no consumption. Intakes of cheese (only in women) and butter were inversely associated with the risk of major adverse coronary events. We observed no clear associations between any of the dairy products and stroke risk. These results highlight the importance of studying different dairy foods separately. Further studies in populations with high dairy consumption are warranted.
Breakdown of electroneutrality in polyelectrolyte gels
Authors: Hennessy Matthew G. , Celora Giulia L. , Waters Sarah L. , Münch Andreas , Wagner Barbara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMathematical models of polyelectrolyte gels are often simplified by assuming the gel is electrically neutral. The rationale behind this assumption is that the thickness of the electric double layer (EDL) at the free surface of the gel is small compared to the size of the gel. Hence, the thin-EDL limit is taken, in which the thickness of the EDL is set to zero. Despite the widespread use of the thin-EDL limit, the solutions in the EDL are rarely computed and shown to match to the solutions for the electrically neutral bulk. The aims of this paper are to study the structure of the EDL and establish the validity of the thin-EDL limit. The model for the gel accounts for phase separation, which gives rise to diffuse interfaces with a thickness described by the Kuhn length. We show that the solutions in the EDL can only be asymptotically matched to the solutions for an electrically neutral bulk, in general, when the Debye length is much smaller than the Kuhn length. If the Debye length is similar to or larger than the Kuhn length, then phase separation can be initiated in the EDL. This phase separation spreads into the bulk of the gel and gives rise to electrically charged layers with different degrees of swelling. Thus, the thin-EDL limit and the assumption of electroneutrality only generally apply when the Debye length is much smaller than the Kuhn length.
The Influence of Convective Aggregation on the Stable Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor
Authors: Galewsky Joseph , Schneider Matthias , Diekmann Christopher , Semie Addisu , Bony Sandrine , Risi Camille , Emanuel Kerry , Brogniez Helene 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRemote sensing datasets of water vapor isotopic composition are used along with objective measures of convective aggregation to better understand the impact of convective aggregation on the atmospheric hydrologic cycle in the global tropics (30°N to 30°S) for the period 2015–2020. When convection is unaggregated, vertical velocity profiles are top‐heavy, mixing ratios increase and water vapor δD decreases as the mean precipitation rate increases, consistent with partial hydrometeor evaporation below anvils into a relatively humid atmospheric column. Aggregated convection is associated with bottom‐heavy vertical velocity profiles and a positive correlation between mixing ratio and δD, a result that is consistent with isotopic enrichment from detrainment of shallow convection near the observation level. Intermediate degrees of aggregation do not display significant variation in δD with mixing ratio or precipitation rate. Convective aggregation provides a useful paradigm for understanding the relationships between mixing ratio and isotopic composition across a range of convective settings. The results presented here may have utility for a variety of applications including the interpretation of paleoclimate archives and the evaluation of numerical simulations of convection.
Unprecedented Historical Erosion of US Gulf Coast: A Consequence of Accelerated Sea‐Level Rise?
Authors: Anderson John B. , Wallace Davin J. , Rodriguez Antonio B. , Simms Alexander R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost of the US Gulf Coast is composed of barrier islands, peninsulas, chenier plains, and mainland beaches that are the main line of defense for wetlands, estuaries, and urban and industrial centers from rising sea level and severe storms. These wave‐dominated shorelines are currently experiencing widespread erosion. Using newly acquired and existing results from 13 sites spanning south Florida to south Texas, we compare shoreline migration rates during the late Holocene (∼−4000 to 1850 CE) with historical changes since the mid‐19th century. The records show an overall trend of seaward growth during the late Holocene followed by landward migration or a decrease in the rate of growth during historical time. Diminishing offshore sand supply, human alteration of rivers and coastal sand transport, and severe storms have contributed to this change in shoreline trajectory, but their influence has been mostly limited in extent. The most likely cause of this reversal from coastal stability and growth to widespread shoreline retreat is the dramatic historical increase in the rate of sea‐level rise over the past century.
Chip-integrated metasurface full-Stokes polarimetric imaging sensor
Authors: Zuo Jiawei , Bai Jing , Choi Shinhyuk , Basiri Ali , Chen Xiahui , Wang Chao , Yao Yu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolarimetric imaging has a wide range of applications for uncovering features invisible to human eyes and conventional imaging sensors. Chip-integrated, fast, cost-effective, and accurate full-Stokes polarimetric imaging sensors are highly desirable in many applications, which, however, remain elusive due to fundamental material limitations. Here we present a chip-integrated Metasurface-based Full-Stokes Polarimetric Imaging sensor (MetaPolarIm) realized by integrating an ultrathin (~600 nm) metasurface polarization filter array (MPFA) onto a visible imaging sensor with CMOS compatible fabrication processes. The MPFA is featured with broadband dielectric-metal hybrid chiral metasurfaces and double-layer nanograting polarizers. This chip-integrated polarimetric imaging sensor enables single-shot full-Stokes imaging (speed limited by the CMOS imager) with the most compact form factor, records high measurement accuracy, dual-color operation (green and red) and a field of view up to 40 degrees. MetaPolarIm holds great promise to enable transformative applications in autonomous vision, industry inspection, space exploration, medical imaging and diagnosis.
3D printing of plasmonic nanofocusing tip enabling high resolution, high throughput and high contrast optical near-field imaging
Authors: Long Li , Deng Qiurong , Huang Rongtao , Li Jiafang , Li Zhi-Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractScanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) offers a means to reach a fine spatial resolution down to ~ 10 nm, but unfortunately suffers from low transmission efficiency of optical signal. Here we present design and 3D printing of a fiber-bound polymer-core/gold-shell spiral-grating conical tip that allows for coupling the inner incident optical signal to the outer surface plasmon polariton with high efficiency, which then adiabatically transport, squeeze, and interfere constructively at the tip apex to form a plasmonic superfocusing spot with tiny size and high brightness. Numerical simulations and optical measurements show that this specially designed and fabricated tip has 10% transmission efficiency, ~ 5 nm spatial resolution, 20 dB signal-to-noise ratio, and 7000 pixels per second fast scanning speed. This high-resolution, high throughput, and high contrast SNOM would open up a new frontier of high spatial-temporal resolution detecting, imaging, and monitoring of single-molecule physical, chemical, and biological systems, and deepen our understanding of their basic science in the single-molecule level.
High-throughput extraction on a dynamic solid phase for low-abundance biomarker isolation from biological samples
Authors: Alexandre Lucile , Araya-Farias Monica , Nguyen Manh-Louis , Naoumi Nikoletta , Gropplero Giacomo , Gizeli Electra , Malaquin Laurent , Descroix Stéphanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLiquid biopsy, in particular circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, has paved the way for a new noninvasive approach to cancer diagnosis, treatment selection and follow-up. As a crucial step in the analysis, the extraction of the genetic material from a complex matrix needs to meet specific requirements such as high specificity and low loss of target. Here, we developed a new generation of microfluidic fluidized beds (FBs) that enable the efficient extraction and preconcentration of specific ctDNA sequences from human serum with flow rates up to 15 µL/min. We first demonstrated that implementation of a vibration system inducing flow rate fluctuations combined with a mixture of different bead sizes significantly enhanced bead homogeneity, thereby increasing capture efficiency. Taking advantage of this new generation of high-throughput magnetic FBs, we then developed a new method to selectively capture a double-stranded (dsDNA) BRAF mutated DNA sequence in complex matrices such as patient serum. Finally, as proof of concept, ligation chain reaction (LCR) assays were performed to specifically amplify a mutated BRAF sequence, allowing the detection of concentrations as low as 6 × 104 copies/µL of the mutated DNA sequence in serum.
Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets
Authors: Wu Bing Anthony , Chand Kirat K. , Bell Alexander , Miller Suzanne L. , Colditz Paul B. , Malhotra Atul , Wixey Julie A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) within the brain is a multicellular unit that synergistically acts to maintain blood–brain barrier function and meet cerebral metabolic demand. Recent studies have indicated disruption to the NVU is associated with neuropathology in the perinatal brain. Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions including motor, learning, and behavioural deficits. There are currently no neuroprotective treatments for these conditions. In this review, we analyse large animal studies examining the effects of FGR on the perinatal NVU. These studies show altered vascularity in the FGR brain as well as blood–brain barrier dysfunction due to underlying cellular changes, mediated by neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism associated with pathological effects in the FGR brain. Hence, targeting inflammation may be key to preserving the multicellular NVU and providing neuroprotection in FGR. A number of maternal and postnatal therapies with anti-inflammatory components have been investigated in FGR animal models examining targets for amelioration of NVU disruption. Each therapy showed promise by uniquely ameliorating the adverse effects of FGR on multiple aspects of the NVU. The successful implementation of a clinically viable neuroprotective treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for neonates affected by FGR.

Impact

Disruption to the neurovascular unit is associated with neuropathology in fetal growth restriction.

Inflammation is a key mechanism associated with neurovascular unit disruption in the growth-restricted brain.

Anti-inflammatory treatments ameliorate adverse effects on the neurovascular unit and may provide neuroprotection.
Mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease: mechanisms and potential targets
Authors: Chen Wen , Zhao Huakan , Li Yongsheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMitochondria are organelles that are able to adjust and respond to different stressors and metabolic needs within a cell, showcasing their plasticity and dynamic nature. These abilities allow them to effectively coordinate various cellular functions. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the changing process of fission, fusion, mitophagy and transport, which is crucial for optimal function in signal transduction and metabolism. An imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics can disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to abnormal cellular fate, and a range of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. Herein, we review the mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics, and its impacts on cellular function. We also delve into the changes that occur in mitochondrial dynamics during health and disease, and offer novel perspectives on how to target the modulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
A super-enhancer-regulated RNA-binding protein cascade drives pancreatic cancer
Authors: Antal Corina E. , Oh Tae Gyu , Aigner Stefan , Luo En-Ching , Yee Brian A. , Campos Tania , Tiriac Hervé , Rothamel Katherine L. , Cheng Zhang , Jiao Henry , Wang Allen , Hah Nasun , Lenkiewicz Elizabeth , Lumibao Jan C. , Truitt Morgan L. , Estepa Gabriela , Banayo Ester , Bashi Senada , Esparza Edgar , Munoz Ruben M. , Diedrich Jolene K. , Sodir Nicole M. , Mueller Jasmine R. , Fraser Cory R. , Borazanci Erkut , Propper David , Von Hoff Daniel D. , Liddle Christopher , Yu Ruth T. , Atkins Annette R. , Han Haiyong , Lowy Andrew M. , Barrett Michael T. , Engle Dannielle D. , Evan Gerard I. , Yeo Gene W. , Downes Michael , Evans Ronald M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy in need of new therapeutic options. Using unbiased analyses of super-enhancers (SEs) as sentinels of core genes involved in cell-specific function, here we uncover a druggable SE-mediated RNA-binding protein (RBP) cascade that supports PDAC growth through enhanced mRNA translation. This cascade is driven by a SE associated with the RBP heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F, which stabilizes protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) to, in turn, control the translational mediator ubiquitin-associated protein 2-like. All three of these genes and the regulatory SE are essential for PDAC growth and coordinately regulated by the Myc oncogene. In line with this, modulation of the RBP network by PRMT1 inhibition reveals a unique vulnerability in Myc-high PDAC patient organoids and markedly reduces tumor growth in male mice. Our study highlights a functional link between epigenetic regulation and mRNA translation and identifies components that comprise unexpected therapeutic targets for PDAC.
Adaptive multi-temperature control for transport and storage containers enabled by phase-change materials
Authors: Zhou Xinchen , Xu Xiang , Huang Jiping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe transportation of essential items, such as food and vaccines, often requires adaptive multi-temperature control to maintain high safety and efficiency. While existing methods utilizing phase change materials have shown promise, challenges related to heat transfer and materials’ physicochemical properties remain. In this study, we present an adaptive multi-temperature control system using liquid-solid phase transitions to achieve highly effective thermal management using a pair of heat and cold sources. By leveraging the properties of stearic acid and distilled water, we fabricated a multi-temperature maintenance container and demonstrated temperature variations of only 0.14-2.05% over a two-hour period, underscoring the efficacy of our approach. Our findings offer a practical solution to address critical challenges in reliable transportation of goods, with potential implications for various fields in physical, engineering, and life sciences.
Direct observation of tRNA-chaperoned folding of a dynamic mRNA ensemble
Authors: Suddala Krishna C. , Yoo Janghyun , Fan Lixin , Zuo Xiaobing , Wang Yun-Xing , Chung Hoi Sung , Zhang Jinwei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractT-box riboswitches are multi-domain noncoding RNAs that surveil individual amino acid availabilities in most Gram-positive bacteria. T-boxes directly bind specific tRNAs, query their aminoacylation status to detect starvation, and feedback control the transcription or translation of downstream amino-acid metabolic genes. Most T-boxes rapidly recruit their cognate tRNA ligands through an intricate three-way stem I-stem II-tRNA interaction, whose establishment is not understood. Using single-molecule FRET, SAXS, and time-resolved fluorescence, we find that the free T-box RNA assumes a broad distribution of open, semi-open, and closed conformations that only slowly interconvert. tRNA directly binds all three conformers with distinct kinetics, triggers nearly instantaneous collapses of the open conformations, and returns the T-box RNA to their pre-binding conformations upon dissociation. This scissors-like dynamic behavior is enabled by a hinge-like pseudoknot domain which poises the T-box for rapid tRNA-induced domain closure. This study reveals tRNA-chaperoned folding of flexible, multi-domain mRNAs through a Venus flytrap-like mechanism.
A Type II-B Cas9 nuclease with minimized off-targets and reduced chromosomal translocations in vivo
Authors: Bestas Burcu , Wimberger Sandra , Degtev Dmitrii , Madsen Alexandra , Rottner Antje K. , Karlsson Fredrik , Naumenko Sergey , Callahan Megan , Touza Julia Liz , Francescatto Margherita , Möller Carl Ivar , Badertscher Lukas , Li Songyuan , Cerboni Silvia , Selfjord Niklas , Ericson Elke , Gordon Euan , Firth Mike , Chylinski Krzysztof , Taheri-Ghahfarokhi Amir , Bohlooly-Y Mohammad , Snowden Mike , Pangalos Menelaos , Nuttall Barrett , Akcakaya Pinar , Sienski Grzegorz , Maresca Marcello 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStreptococcus pyogenes Cas9 (SpCas9) and derived enzymes are widely used as genome editors, but their promiscuous nuclease activity often induces undesired mutations and chromosomal rearrangements. Several strategies for mapping off-target effects have emerged, but they suffer from limited sensitivity. To increase the detection sensitivity, we develop an off-target assessment workflow that uses Duplex Sequencing. The strategy increases sensitivity by one order of magnitude, identifying previously unknown SpCas9’s off-target mutations in the humanized PCSK9 mouse model. To reduce off-target risks, we perform a bioinformatic search and identify a high-fidelity Cas9 variant of the II-B subfamily from Parasutterella secunda (PsCas9). PsCas9 shows improved specificity as compared to SpCas9 across multiple tested sites, both in vitro and in vivo, including the PCSK9 site. In the future, while PsCas9 will offer an alternative to SpCas9 for research and clinical use, the Duplex Sequencing workflow will enable a more sensitive assessment of Cas9 editing outcomes.