bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsal striatal response to taste is modified by obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Dunn Julia P. , Lamichhane Bidhan , Smith Gordon I. , Garner Amy , Wallendorf Michael , Hershey Tamara , Klein Samuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn preclinical models, insulin resistance in the dorsal striatum (DS) contributes to overeating. Although human studies support the concept of central insulin resistance, they have not investigated its effect on consummatory reward‐induced brain activity.MethodsTaste‐induced activation was assessed in the caudate and putamen of the DS with blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. Three phenotypically distinct groups were studied: metabolically healthy lean, metabolically healthy obesity, and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO; presumed to have central insulin resistance). Participants with MUO also completed a weight loss intervention followed by a second functional magnetic resonance imaging session.ResultsThe three groups were significantly different at baseline consistent with the design. The metabolically healthy lean group had a primarily positive BOLD response, the MUO group had a primarily negative BOLD response, and the metabolically healthy obesity group had a response in between the two other groups. Food craving was predicted by taste‐induced activation. After weight loss in the MUO group, taste‐induced activation increased in the DS.ConclusionsThese data support the hypothesis that insulin resistance and obesity contribute to aberrant responses to taste in the DS, which is only partially attenuated by weight loss. Aberrant responses to food exposure may be a barrier to weight loss.
Blind photovoltaic modeling intercomparison: A multidimensional data analysis and lessons learned
Authors: Theristis Marios , Riedel‐Lyngskær Nicholas , Stein Joshua S. , Deville Lelia , Micheli Leonardo , Driesse Anton , Hobbs William B. , Ovaitt Silvana , Daxini Rajiv , Barrie David , Campanelli Mark , Hodges Heather , Ledesma Javier R. , Lokhat Ismael , McCormick Brendan , Meng Bin , Miller Bill , Motta Ricardo , Noirault Emma , Parker Megan , Polo Jesús , Powell Daniel , Moretón Rodrigo , Prilliman Matthew , Ransome Steve , Schneider Martin , Schnierer Branislav , Tian Bowen , Warner Frederick , Williams Robert , Wittmer Bruno , Zhao Changrui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Photovoltaic (PV) Performance Modeling Collaborative (PVPMC) organized a blind PV performance modeling intercomparison to allow PV modelers to blindly test their models and modeling ability against real system data. Measured weather and irradiance data were provided along with detailed descriptions of PV systems from two locations (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, and Roskilde, Denmark). Participants were asked to simulate the plane‐of‐array irradiance, module temperature, and DC power output from six systems and submit their results to Sandia for processing. The results showed overall median mean bias (i.e., the average error per participant) of 0.6% in annual irradiation and −3.3% in annual energy yield. While most PV performance modeling results seem to exhibit higher precision and accuracy as compared to an earlier blind PV modeling study in 2010, human errors, modeling skills, and derates were found to still cause significant errors in the estimates.
Safety and usability of the MAK exoskeleton in patients with stroke
Authors: Cumplido‐Trasmonte C. , Barquín‐Santos E. , Garcés‐Castellote E. , Gor‐García‐Fogeda M. D. , Plaza‐Flores A. , Hernández‐Melero M. , Gutiérrez‐Ayala A. , Cano‐de‐la‐Cuerda R. , López‐Morón A. L. , García‐Armada E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeStroke is one of the leading causes of disability in adults worldwide, and one of the main objectives in the rehabilitation of these patients is to recover the gait. New technologies have emerged to cope with this issue, complementing conventional therapy with the use of devices such as exoskeletons. The Marsi Active Knee (MAK) exoskeleton (Marsi Bionics SL, Madrid, Spain) has already been tested, but an updated version was improved to allow the patients to perform functional exercises. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and usability of the MAK in the stroke population as well as its potential clinical effects.MethodsA single‐group open label intervention trial was conducted. The device was used twice a week for 5 weeks during 1 h per visit. During the visits, sit‐to‐stand transitions, walking, stair climbing, trunk rotations, and weight‐transfer exercises were performed using the device. Adverse events were collected from participants and therapists to assess safety. The Quebec User Evaluation of the Satisfaction with assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0) was used by both therapists and participants to assess usability. To evaluate its clinical effects, active range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength were assessed in the lower limb.ResultsSix participants with stroke were recruited. The device was shown to be safe since no serious adverse events were reported neither by patients nor by therapists. Every proposed exercise was performed. Regarding clinical effects, overall muscle strength showed an increase after the treatment, although ROM measurements did not show any difference.DiscussionOur results suggest that the MAK device is safe for stroke patients. Nevertheless, further changes to enhance usability are recommended, such as an improvement of the attachment system and an adaptation for the drop foot. Beneficial effects regarding increases in muscle strength were obtained. Further trials with a larger sample size, longer intervention periods, and a control group are needed to verify these results. Also, future research should focus on the usability of the MAK as an assistive technology.
Downregulation of EZH2 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition in enzalutamide‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Wang Xinyi , Kim Miyeong , He Daheng , Wang Chi , Fong Ka Wing , Liu Xiaoqi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAndrogen signaling inhibitors (ASI) have been approved for treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the limited success of ASI in clinic justifies an urgent need to identify new targets and develop novel approaches for treatment. EZH2 significantly increases in prostate cancer (PCa). Little is understood, however, regarding the roles of EZH2 in Enzalutamide‐resistant (EnzR) mCRPC.MethodsWe firstly investigated the levels of EZH2 and the altered pathways in public database which was comprised with primary and metastatic PCa patient tumors. To elucidate the roles of EZH2 in mCRPC, we manipulated EZH2 in EnzR PCa cell lines to examine epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we measured the transcription levels of EMT‐associated transcription factors (TFs).ResultsWe found that EZH2 was highly expressed in mCRPC than that of primary PCa tumors and that EnzR PCa cells gained more EMT characteristics than those of enzalutamide‐sensitive counterparts. Further, loss of EZH2‐induced inhibition of EMT is independent of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Mechanistically, downregulation of EZH2 inhibits transcription of EMT‐associated TFs by repressing formation of H3K4me3 to the promotor regions of the TFs.ConclusionWe identified the novel roles of EZH2 in EnzR mCRPC. EnzR PCa gains more EMT properties than that of enzalutamide‐sensitive PCa. Loss of EZH2‐assocaited inhibition of EMT is PRC2 independent. Downregulation of EZH2 suppresses EMT by impairing formation of H3K4me3 at the promotor regions, thus repressing expression of EMT‐associated TFs.
Biodegradable electrospun fibers as sustained‐release carriers of insect pheromones for field trapping of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Shangguan Wen‐Jie , Mei Xiang‐Dong , Chen Hui‐Ping , Hu Shuai , Xu Chun‐Li , Wang Lin , Lv Kai‐Fei , Huang Qi‐Liang , Xu Hong‐Liang , Cao Li‐Dong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect pheromones are highly effective and environmentally friendly, and are widely used in the monitoring and trapping of pests. However, many researchers have found that various factors such as ultraviolet light and temperature in the field environment can accelerate the volatilization of pheromones, thus affecting the actual control effect. In recent years, electrospinning technology has demonstrated remarkable potential in the preparation of sustained carriers. Moreover, the utilization of biodegradable materials in electrospinning presents a promising avenue for the advancement of eco‐friendly carriers.RESULTSIn this study, homogeneous and defect‐free pheromone carriers were obtained by electrospinning using fully biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate materials and pheromones of Spodoptera litura. The electrospun fibers with porous structure could continuously release pheromone (the longest can be ≤80 days). They also had low light transmission, hydrophobic protection. More importantly, the pheromone‐loaded electrospun fiber carriers showed stable release and good trapping effect in the field. They could trap pests for at least 7 weeks in the field environment without other light stabilizers added.CONCLUSIONSustained‐release carriers constructed by electrospinning and green materials could improve the efficacy of pheromones and ensure environmental friendliness, and provided a tool for the management of S. litura and other pests and sustainable development of agricultural. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tumor Vascular Destruction and cGAS‐STING Activation Induced by Single Drug‐Loaded Nano‐Micelles for Multiple Synergistic Therapies of Cancer
Authors: Gu Jingyu , Liu Xinpei , Ji Zhongfang , Shen Mengling , Zhu Minqian , Ren Yuanyuan , Guo Li , Yang Kai , Liu Teng , Yi Xuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCancer and its metastasis/recurrence still threaten human health, despite various advanced treatments being employed. It is of great significance to develop simple drug formulations to enhance the efficacy and synergistic integration of various monotherapies. Herein, DMXAA, a vasodestructive agent with cGAS‐STING stimulation capacity, is integrated with polyethylene glycol grafted poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid co‐polymer (PLGA‐PEG), obtaining PLGA‐PEG/DMXAA (PPD) nanoparticles to induce the tumor‐specific vascular destruction for multiple synergistic therapies of cancer. PPD could induce the formation of blood clots in the tumor after intravenous injection, which subsequently mediate photothermal therapy and further promote the release of oxygen for enhanced radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the enhanced vascular injury can induce perfect starvation therapy of tumor. More importantly, PPD‐mediated therapies could trigger potent systemic anti‐tumor immunity via inducing the immunogenic death of tumor cells and activating the cGAS‐STING pathway. Together with anti‐PD‐L1, PPD‐mediated therapies could not only remove the primary tumors, but also effectively eliminate the distant tumors, metastasis, and recurrence. Therefore, the modulation of tumor composition induced by a single drug‐loaded nano‐micelle could be utilized to enhance the therapeutic effect of multiple treatments for synergistic and systemic antitumor response, providing a practical strategy for cancer therapy.
Applied research of high-strength steel utilization for a track of demining machine in terms of mechanical properties
Authors: Blatnický Miroslav , Dižo Ján , Bruna Marek , Sága Milan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate welded joints of high-strength steel S960 QL manufactured by using three different welding technologies, namely the electron beam, the laser beam, and the metal active gas (MAG) technologies. The experimental part included tensile strength evaluation, microstructural analysis of welded joints, and hardness measurement. Welded joints (WJ) have consisted of the identical steels and the identical thickness (10 mm). Destructive tests confirmed that welded joints are characterized by the tensile strength similar to the base material. Upon further observation, we can conclude that microhardness was characterized by the lowest value in the softening zone (SZ) and the highest value in the hardening zone (HZ). The degree of softening was 11% for the electron welding, 13% for the laser welding, and up to 27% for the conventional MAG welding. This also corresponds with the size of the SZ, which was the widest in welds made with the MAG technology. The laser beam weld produced up to 50% lower heat-affected zone (HAZ) compared to the conventional MAG technology. In case of the electron beam, this number is even higher. On the contrary, highest hardness was observed for the electron beam technology, where the hardness in the hardening zone increased by up to 40% when compared with the base material. Tests show the possibility of production of reliable welded joints, which meet the complex requirements for lifetime and quality (according to the standard EN 6520–1 focusing on defects categorization and EN 5817 dealing with defects tolerance).
Diagnosing eyewitness identifications with reaction time‑based Concealed Information Test: the effect of viewpoint congruency between test and encoding
Authors: Sauerland Melanie , Geven Linda , Bastiaens Astrid , Verschuere Bruno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMistaken eyewitness identifications continue to be a major contributor to miscarriages of justice. Previous experiments have suggested that implicit identification procedures such as the Concealed Information Test (CIT) might be a promising alternative to classic lineups when encoding conditions during the crime were favorable. We tested this idea by manipulating view congruency (frontal vs. profile view) between encoding and test. Participants witnessed a videotaped mock theft that showed the thief and victim almost exclusively from frontal or profile view. At test, viewing angle was either congruent or incongruent with the view during encoding. We tested eyewitness identification with the RT-CIT (N = 74), and with a traditional simultaneous photo lineup (N = 97). The CIT showed strong capacity to diagnose face recognition (d = 0.91 [0.64; 1.18]), but unexpectedly, view congruency did not moderate this effect. View congruency moderated lineup performance for one of the two lineups. Following these unexpected findings, we conducted a replication with a stronger congruency manipulation and larger sample size. CIT (N = 156) showed moderate capacity to diagnose face recognition (d = 0.63 [0.46; 0.80]) and now view congruency did moderate the CIT effect. For lineups (N = 156), view congruency again moderated performance for one of the two lineups. Capacity for diagnosing face recognition was similar for lineups and RT-CIT in our first comparison, but much stronger for lineups in our second comparison. Future experiments might investigate more conditions that affect performance in lineups vs. the RT-CIT differentially.
Operationalizing One Health: Environmental Solutions for Pandemic Prevention
Authors: Caceres-Escobar Hernan , Maiorano Luigi , Rondinini Carlo , Cimatti Marta , Morand Serge , Zambrana-Torrelio Carlos , Peyre Marisa , Roche Benjamin , Di Marco Moreno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman pressure on the environment is increasing the frequency, diversity, and spatial extent of disease outbreaks. Despite international recognition, the interconnection between the health of the environment, animals, and humans has been historically overlooked. Past and current initiatives have often neglected prevention under the One Health preparedness cycle, largely focusing on post-spillover stages. We argue that pandemic prevention initiatives have yet to produce actionable targets and indicators, connected to overarching goals, like it has been done for biodiversity loss and climate change. We show how the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework, already employed by the Convention on Biological Diversity, can be repurposed to operationalize pandemic prevention. Global responses for pandemic prevention should strive for complementarity and synergies among initiatives, better articulating prevention under One Health. Without agreed-upon goals underpinning specific targets and interventions, current global efforts are unlikely to function at the speed and scale necessary to decrease the risk of disease outbreaks that might lead to pandemics. Threats to the environment are not always abatable, but decreasing the likelihood that environmental pressure leads to pandemics, and developing strategies to mitigate these impacts, are both attainable goals.
Economic disasters and inequality: a note
Authors: Ćorić Bruno , Gupta Rangan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper analyzes the dynamic effects of economic disasters, captured by cumulative decline in output of at least 10% over 1 or more years, on disposable income inequality of a sample of 99 countries over the annual period of 1960–2017. Based on impulse response functions derived from a robust local projections method, we find that economic disasters increase inequality by 4%, with the overall effect being statistically significant and highly persistent over a period of 20 years following the shock. When we repeat the analysis by categorizing the 99 countries based on income groups and regions, we find that the strongest effects are felt by high-income countries (8%), and in Europe, Central Asia and North America (16%) taken together, as primarily driven by ex-socialist economies. Though of lesser magnitude, statistically significant increases in inequality are also observed for low-, and upper-middle-income economies, and the regions of Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and South Asia, and to some extent also for Sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings have important policy implications. Our findings suggest that the avoidance of economic crises is of paramount importance to ensure the sustainability of the welfare state, which in turn would allow for sound redistributive policies to reduce inequality, which can also help in indirectly reducing the negative impact of rare disasters on asset markets. In other words, our results have both economic and financial implications.
The role of root carboxylate release on rare earth element (hyper)accumulation in plants – a biogeochemical perspective on rhizosphere chemistry
Authors: Wiche Oliver , Pourret Olivier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper of van der Ent et al. (Plant Soil 485:247–257, 2023), published in the previous issue, reports the hyperaccumulation of rare earth elements (REE) in plant species from the Proteaceae for the first time. Indeed, the high REE accumulation in Proteaceae is not completely unexpected, given that the plants release large amounts of carboxylates to acquire phosphorus and micronutrients. However, it is somewhat questionable that the efficiency of element mobilization alone sufficiently explains the large variability in REE accumulation among different taxa of Proteaceae or other P-efficient species that typically show low concentrations of REE. Given that REE3+ share chemical similarities to Ca2+ but form stable complexes with ligands similar to Al3+, it is reasonable that uptake and accumulation of REE depend not solely on element mobility but also on the dynamics of element speciation governed by the formation, stability, and fate of carboxylate-REE-complexes in the rhizosheaths. The rationale behind this contention is that for elements with low mobility in soil, changes in chemical speciation may increase the availability only if the complex stabilities that depend on rhizosphere pH allow a breakdown during uptake. In this commentary, we explore the idea that REE accumulation depends on rhizosphere processes related to nutrient acquisition and element exclusion that overlap in time, space, and function depending on the composition of metal-chelating ligands released by plant roots in concert with rhizosphere pH. Based on data from greenhouse and field experiments, we propose a model where plants with a P-mining strategy (hyper)accumulate REE when rhizosphere pH is below a critical value shifting the REE speciation to available forms.
Three‐Dimensional Electrical Structure Beneath the Epicenter Zone and Seismogenic Setting of the 1976 Ms7.8 Tangshan Earthquake, China
Authors: Cai Juntao , Chen Xiaobin , Dong Zeyi , Zhan Yan , Liu Zhongyin , Cui Tengfa , Jiang Feng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBased on magnetotelluric array data and the three‐dimensional (3D) inversion algorithm, we obtain the 3D electrical structure of the 1976 Ms7.8 Tangshan earthquake zone. The seismogenic structure comprised a thick resistive anomaly located east of the Tangshan fault (TSF), a thin resistive belt extending westward, and the TSF zone. A geodynamic model is proposed based on the 3D electrical model and the other research findings. The model indicates that the primary cause of the Tangshan earthquake was the almost EW‐trending horizontal pushing from the west. The local uplift of deep thermal materials on the west side of TSF produces tensile deformation superimposed on the existing shear deformation. The combined effect of these two forces controls the Tangshan earthquake deformation characteristic. Prevailing horizontal pushing from the west and local uplift of hot material may be associated with the Tibet Plateau's eastward escape and the subduction of the Pacific plate.
Deconstructing Future AMOC Decline at 26.5°N
Authors: Asbjørnsen Helene , Årthun Marius 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is frequently used to diagnose the state of the North Atlantic circulation, but as an integrated quantity the AMOC strength does not necessarily mirror changes in the individual circulation components. Here, we investigate future circulation changes in the subtropical North Atlantic (26.5°N) in CMIP6 models, diagnosing the relationship between the Gulf Stream, Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), gyre recirculation, and the integrated AMOC response. Under continued high emissions, we find a multi‐model mean Gulf Stream weakening of 29% (11.2 Sv) and a DWBC weakening of 47% (8.5 Sv) by the end of the century. However, 33% (3.7 Sv) of the Gulf Stream weakening is due to changes in wind stress and therefore not simply a compensating effect for reduced high‐latitude water mass transformation and a weaker DWBC. Our findings have implications for how we understand the dynamics of future North Atlantic circulation changes.