bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Activity Risk Calculator as a Gamified Public Health Intervention Tool
Authors: Natraj Shreyasvi , Bhide Malhar , Yap Nathan , Liu Meng , Seth Agrima , Berman Jonathan , Glorioso Christin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Public health intervention techniques have been highly significant in reducing the negative impact of several epidemics and pandemics. Among all of the wide-spread diseases, one of the most dangerous one has been severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The impact of the virus has been observed in over 200 countries leading to hospitalizations and deaths of millions of people. Currently existing COVID-19 risk estimation tools provided to the general public have been highly variable during the pandemic due to its dependency on rapidly evolving factors such as community transmission levels and variants. There has also been confusion surrounding certain personal protective strategies such as risk reduction by mask-wearing and vaccination. In order to create a simplified easy-to-use tool for estimating different individual risks associated with carrying out daily-life activity, we developed COVID-19 Activity Risk Calculator (CovARC). CovARC serves as a gamified public health intervention as users can "play with" how different risks associated with COVID-19 would change depending on several different factors when carrying out a daily routine activity. Empowering the public to make informed, data-driven decisions about safely engaging in activities may help to reduce COVID- 19 levels in the community. In this study, we demonstrate a streamlined, scalable and accurate COVID-19 risk calculation system. Our study also showcases quantitatively, the increased impact of interventions such as vaccination and mask-wearing when cases are higher, which could prove as a validity to inform and support policy decisions around mask mandate case thresholds and other non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Relationship between temperature and fatal myocardial infarction:A time series study in Xuzhou, China, from 2018 to 2020
Authors: Miao Hao , Bao Wei , Lou Peian , Chen Peipei , Zhang Pan , Chang Guiqiu , Hu Xiaoqin , Zhao Xinliang , Huang Shuo , Yang Yu , Wang Zhirong , Chen Minglong , Li Chengzong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
It is widely known that the incidence rate and short-term mortality of acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) are generally higher during the winter months. The goal of this study was to determine how the temperature of the environment influences fatal acute myocardial infarctions in Xuzhou.
Methods
This observational study used the daily meteorological data and the data on the cause of death from acute myocardial infarction in Xuzhou from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. After controlling meteorological variables and pollutants, the distributed nonlinear lag model (DLNM) was used to estimate the correlation between temperature and lethal AMI.
Results
A total of 27712 patients with fatal AMI were enrolled. 82.4% were over the age of 65, and 50.9% were men. Relative to the reference temperature (15 ℃), the 30-day cumulative RRs of the extremely cold temperature (− 2 ℃) for the general population, women, and people aged 65 years and above were 4.66 (95% CI: 1.76, 12.30), 15.29 (95% CI: 3.94, 59.36), and 7.13 (95% CI: 2.50, 20.35), respectively. The 30-day cumulative RRs of the cold temperature (2 ℃) for the general population, women, and people aged 65 years and above were 2.55 (1.37, 4.75), 12.78 (2.24, 5.36), and 3.15 (1.61, 6.16), respectively. No statistically significant association was observed between high temperatures and the risk of fatal AMI. The influence of the cold effect (1st and 10th) was at its peak on that day, and the entire cold effect persisted for 30 days. Temperature extremes had an effect on the lag patterns of distinct age and gender stratifications.
Conclusion
According to this study, the risk of fatal AMI increases significantly in cold weather but not in hot weather. Women above the age of 65 are particularly sensitive to severe weather events. The influence of frigid weather on public health should also be considered.
The impact of Covid-19 on menstrual cycle’s alterations, in relation to depression and sleep disturbances: a prospective observational study in a population of medical students
Authors: Polese Daniela , Costanzi Flavia , Bianchi Paola , Frega Antonio , Bellati Filippo , De Marco Maria Paola , Parisi Pasquale , Bruni Oliviero , Caserta Donatella , Cozza Giuliana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The sars-Cov-2 pandemic has determined adverse circumstances beyond everyday experience, leading to psychological stress, with particular relevance to the young population of female medical students. This work aims at studying the impact of the pandemic on menstrual cycle alteration in relation to psychological stress, monitoring the presence of depression, sleep disturbances and post-traumatic stress, on a population of medical students.
Methods: 293 female students (23,08 years old ±3,8) were enrolled. One year after quarantine, a personal data sheet on menstrual cycle, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES-R) have been administered.
Results: A statistically significant association between menstrual alterations and stress during pandemic has been found. The onset of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances has been observed in 57,1% and in 58,1% of young women with cycle’s alterations, respectively. Amenorrhea was three times more common in female students with depressive symptoms, PMS had a significant correlation with both depression and sleep disturbances. Pandemic has been related to menstrual alterations, with depressive symptoms and sleep disorders. Amenorrhea is connected to depression, as observed on the functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA).
Conclusions: Post-traumatic stress disorder has not been found, it may be more likely associated with high physical and psychological stress in frontline female health workers during the pandemic. New strategies of psychological intervention should be considered after pandemic experience, in order to help students, and particularly medical trainees, with specific attention to women’s needs.
A novel anterior nasal swab to detect respiratory viruses: a prospective study of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity
Authors: Tosif Shidan , Lee Lai-yang , Nguyen Jill , Overmars Isabella , MBioStat Chris Selman , Grobler Anneke C , McMinn Alissa , Waller Gregory , McNab Sarah , Jarvis Tayla , Steer Andrew , Babl Franz , Daley Andrew , Crawford Nigel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Detection of respiratory viruses requires testing of the upper respiratory tract to obtain specimens for analysis. However, nasal and throat swabs can cause discomfort and procedural anxiety in children. Respiratory sampling methods which are accurate and less invasive are needed. We aim to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a novel anterior nasal swab (ANS) compared with the combined throat and anterior nasal swab (CTN), the reference standard, for detection of respiratory viruses. Children 5 – 18 years of age presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital with respiratory symptoms were tested with both swabs in randomised order. Respiratory samples were tested on a respiratory multiplex RT-PCR panel. Viral detections, RT-PCR cycle-threshold values and child/parent/clinician experience of the swab were recorded. There were 157 viral detections from 249 participant CTN swabs. In comparison with the CTN, the overall sensitivity and specificity of ANS for detection of respiratory viruses was 96% (95% CI, 92-98%) and 99% (95% CI, 99-99%), respectively. The ANS was “extremely comfortable”, or only a “little uncomfortable” for 90% of children compared with 48% for CTN. 202 children (84%) rated the ANS as the preferred swab, and 208 (87%)indicated they would prefer ANS for future testing. The ANS has high sensitivity and is comparable to the current standard of care. The high acceptability from the less invasive ANS provides a more comfortable method for respiratory virus testing in children.
The effectiveness and security of Uni-VATS for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Wang Bing , Yao Li , Sheng Jian , Liu Xiaoyu , Jiang Yuhui , Shen Lei , Xu Feng , Liu Qibin , Gao Chao , Dai Xiyong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Surgery is a crucial component of the management of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA).However, there is currently less information available on Uni-port thoracoscopy(Uni-VATS) for CPA.Therefore, we created a single-center retrospective analysis of surgical procedures for CPA to demonstrate the effectiveness and security of Uni-VATS in CPA.
Methods The basic information and surgical data of patients who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2018 to June 2022 for CPA were obtained, all of whom received voriconazole antifungal medication for 3-6 months following surgery and were monitored for more than 6 months.
Results A total of 110 patients met the inclusion criteria, including 59 cases in the traditional open chest incision group and 51 cases in the Uni-VATS group. There was one death among all patients due to pulmonary infection after surgery in our hospital.The mean operative time in the traditional open chest incision group and Uni-VATS group was 321.90±92.16 and 233.12±113.65 minutes, respectively.In the two groups mentioned above, the median (IQR) of intraoperative blood loss volume was 450(300-1000) and 330(100-500) ml,postoperative 24-hour drainage volume was 520(320-820) and 200(120-400) ml, postoperative second 24-hour drainage volume was 420(260-650) and 170(100-300) ml, pain scores were 9(8-10) and 4(4-5), postoperative drainage tube removal time was 15(8-21) and 8(5-16) days,postoperative hospital stay time was 18(13-23) and 12(8-18) days, and postoperative complication rate was 40.7%(24/59) and 17.6%(9/51) respectively.
ConclusionUni-VATS is highly effective safe and minimally invasive for patients with CPA, and could be suggested as an alternative to traditional methods of lung surgery.
A new equation of four infinite series and sums by using a generalized recurrence relation
Authors: Louiz Akram 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the fundamental presence of mathematics in all engineering and scientific fields, I made this mathematical article in order to answer many of my personal questions which are also not answered questions in mathematics. This is a mathematical article that proves a usefulrecurrence relation that is very useful for mathematics demonstrations. The article proves also that four infinite series are equivalent. Hence, this article opens new opportunities to demonstrate and develop new mathematical findings and observations. The demonstrated formulas of this article can also be very useful for all the fields that apply mathematics and especially infinite series and sums.
One Class Support Subsequence Machine: Abnormal time
series subsequences detection using One-Class SVM
Authors: Amine Melakhsou Abdallah , Batton-Hubert Mireille , Casoetto Nicolas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an approach is proposed for the detection of abnormal time series subsequences using
the One-Class SVM with an application to defect detection of two automatic welding processes. The
One Class-SVM has been used in many works for the same purpose but only after transforming the
subsequences into a set of feature vectors. However, finding the relevant features that allow anomaly
detection may be challenging. Methods dealing with the raw subsequences, on the other hand, can be
easily generalized to other problems and are known to be efficient. Nevertheless, they often suffer from
high computational cost since they involve computing the distances to all the reference subsequences,
which may restrict their application, especially with the need of real time predictions in most of the
applications. We show in this work that, contrary to what is indicated in the literature, the One-
Class SVM can be used directly with the raw subsequences. This is achieved by employing distance
substitution kernels, which are a class of kernels that allow to use dissimilarity measures in the
One-class SVM formulation. The results show that the approach has a similar efficiency of those
suggested in the literature that operate with raw subsequences in terms of accuracy. Furthermore,
because it just requires the distances to the support vectors, the approach has a low time complexity
in the prediction phase, making it more suitable for real-time monitoring. We further show that the
One-Class SVM with non-metric dissimilarity remains efficient for aberrant subsequence identification.
The Effect of the Abuse of Over-the-counter Medications on the Nutritional Status of the University of Eastern Africa, Baraton Students.
Authors: Dumo Neema 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Society and in turn students have a misconception towards the use of medications to enhance performance. The constant abuse of these drugs is suspected to create complications with the nutritional status of individuals. The problem is that little research is available for students in the East African region.This research aims to determine the correlation between abuse of over-the-counter medications and the nutritional status of students at the University of Eastern Africa, Baraton. The study shall assist in filling the information gap.
Methods: The aim of the study was to obtain insight on the abuse of prescription medication and the effect that it has on dietary patterns. It was a cross-sectional survey study design and was done at the University of Eastern Africa, Baraton with a population of 3124 students in total. A sample size of 377 was formulated using Cochran's formula. 51% of the sample population being female. The study spanned over 3 months and online questionnaires were used. Results were analyzed using SPSS.
Results: 62% abused over-the-counter medications; 66% falling in the normal BMI range. It was found that while the student body heavily participated in the abuse of over-the-counter medications; however, there was no significant correlation with poor nutritional status. This was due to the BMI Vs. prescribed medication p value being at 0.103 when the CI is at 0.05. The correlation between appetite and over-the-counter medications is statistically significant at the 5% level of significance (p-value 0.00114).
Discussion: The implication is that while appetite is affected by these medications, the nutritional status of the University of Eastern Africa, Baraton students remains unscaved. There were several limitations including recall bias and non-returning of questionnaires which may have affected the overall results. An East African perspective has effectively been added to the research pool.
Conclusion: The students are affected by the abuse of OTC medications, but the effect is miniscule on their nutrition status.
Trial registration: N/A
Prosodic signatures of ASD severity and developmental delay in preschoolers
Authors: Godel Michel , Robain François , Journal Fiona , Kojovic Nada , Latrèche Kenza , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine , Schaer Marie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Atypical prosody in speech production is a core feature of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that can impact everyday life communication. Because the ability to modulate prosody develops around the age of speech acquisition, it might be affected by ASD symptoms and developmental delays that emerge at the same period. Here, we investigated the existence of a prosodic signature of developmental level and ASD symptom severity in a sample of 74 preschoolers with ASD. We developed an original diarization pipeline to extract preschoolers’ vocalizations from recordings of naturalistic social interactions. Using this novel approach, we found a robust voice quality signature of ASD developmental difficulties in preschoolers. Moreover, some prosodic measures were associated with one year later outcome in participants who had not acquired speech yet. Together, our results highlight the potential benefits of automatized diarization algorithms and prosodic metrics for digital phenotyping psychiatry, helping clinicians establish diagnosis and prognosis.
B cell-specific knockout of AID protects against atherosclerosis
Authors: Ebrahimian Talin , Dierick France , Ta Vincent , Kotsiopriftis Maria , Mann Koren K , Orthwein Alexandre , Lehoux Stephanie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rationale: Antigen-naive IgM-producing B cells are atheroprotective, whereas mature B cells producing class-switched antibodies promote atherosclerosis. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which mediates class switch recombination (CSR), would thus be expected to foster atherosclerosis. Yet, AID also plays a major role in the establishment of B cell tolerance.
Objective: We sought to define whether AID affects atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Methods and Results: In Ldlr-/- mice, a high fat diet (HFD) increased aortic expression of AID compared with chow diet. We generated Ldlr-/- chimeras transplanted with bone marrow from Aicda-/- or wild-type (WT) mice, fed a HFD for 14 weeks. Decreased B cell maturation in Ldlr-/-Aicda-/- mice was demonstrated by 50% reduction in splenic and aortic BAFFR expression, a key signaling component of B2 cell maturation. This was associated with increased plasma IgM in Ldlr–/-Aicda-/- compared with Ldlr-/-WT animals. Importantly, Ldlr-/-Aicda-/- mice had reduced atherosclerotic lesion area (0.20±0.03mm2) compared with Ldlr-/-WT (0.30±0.04mm2, P<0.05), although no differences in plaque composition were noted between groups. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased splenic B and T cell areas independent of cell number.
Conclusions: AID activity directly promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation.
Alleviation of hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and myopathy by nano selenium/ nano CoQ10 platform with simvastatin in hyperlipidemic rats; comprehensive outlook
Authors: Abo-zalam Hagar B. , Denshary Ezz El Deen El , Abdalsalam Rania A. , Khalil Islam A. , Khattab Mahmoud M. , Hamzawy Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the present work seeks to address the role of
nanoencapsulated platform of Coenzyme Q10 (coQNPs) or selenium
(SeNPs) in hyperlipidemia and alleviation of simvastatin-induced
myopathy and adverse reactions. Physicochemical characters and zeta
potential studies for solid nanoparticles (SLNPs), coQNPs and SeNPs
were performed. Male Wistar albino rats were treated for 112 days
with either (i) nano-vehicle only (ii) high fat diet (HFD) (iii)
HFD + SV (20 mg/kg/day, P.O.) alone or (iv) with coQNPs
(10mg/Kg/day, P.O.) or (v) / and (vi) SeNPs (0.1 mg/Kg/day, P.O.)
for last 30 days. CoQNPs and SeNPs were shown in a uniform
spherical shape with EE% 91.20 ±2.14, 94.89 ±1.54, respectively.
HFD resulted in severe changes in all tested parameters that
affirmed with histopathological results. Treatment with SV and
CoQNPs/ or SeNPs exhibited a prominent restoring of all measured
patterns, but the triple combination of SV, CoQNPs, and SeNPs
exhibited an intense hepatic and muscular injury. SV and SeNPs
treatment showed a pronounced improvement like control itself.
These results represent that CoQNPs or SeNPs platforms showed
advanced alleviation of hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, with a
direct limitation for its adverse effects such as myopathy and
hepatotoxicity.
What factors promote the chronic disease patients’ participation in shared decision making of medication: a cross-sectional survey in Hubei Province, China
Authors: Hu Qijun , Feng Zhanchun , Zong Qiao , Wang Jia , Zheng Zehao , Feng Da 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Shared decision making (SDM) improves the health status of patients with chronic disease, especially in the condition of poly-medicated patients. This study aims to find the factors associated with chronic disease patients’ participation in SDM of medication.
Methods: A total of 1,196 patients with chronic disease were selected using cluster sampling method. The random forest method was applied to sort the importance of independent variables by Mean Decrease Gini coefficient, and the multiple logistic regression was used to explore the key factors associated with patients’ medication decision-making.
Results: In this study, 5.18% of patients used informed decision-making (IDM), 37.79% of patients used SDM, and 57.02% of patients used paternalistic model. The random forest showed that the top 10 important factors are exercise, age, education, drinking, disease course, medication knowledge, gender, depression, job type, and compliance. The multiple logistic regression showed that patients over 65 years old, drinking always, with depressive symptoms, poor knowledge and compliance of medication are more likely to use IDM compared to SDM. Moreover, compared to SDM, those patients over 65 years old, exercise infrequently, with disease course over 10 years, depressive symptoms, poor medication knowledge and an occupation of manual labor were more likely to use paternalistic model.
Conclusion: Patients’ health behaviors and medication knowledge significantly influenced the patients’ participation in SDM of medication. Related interventions should be executed to ameliorate the health behaviors and medication knowledge of patients with chronic disease to promote them participating in SDM of medication
Influencing factors of depressive symptoms in the elderly in rural China: Based on a health ecological model
Authors: Fan Rong , Li Xiaoju , Dong Jiaxin , Yang Jielin , Zhao Li , zhang Xianqi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Depressive symptoms has become an increasingly important public health issue, contributing to disability and disease burden around the world. Studies have found that social support is strongly associated with depression in rural older people, so it is important to explore the factors influencing depression in rural older people in a comprehensive manner and to analyze the association between social support and depression.
Methods
On the basis of a theoretical model of health ecological, data were obtained from The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in the 2018, with a sample consisting of 5,660 rural individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Then, Chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used for statistical description and inference.
Results
Results indicate that the prevalence of depressive symptoms amongst rural older adults in China is 41.18%. The logistic regression analysis reveals that being female (OR = 1.406, 95% CI: 1.170–1.689), having ≥ 3 non-communicable diseases (OR = 1.736, 95% CI: 1.447–2.082), being not satisfied with spouse (OR = 2.978, 95% CI: 2.304–3.849), and being not at all satisfied with children (OR = 3.640, 95% CI: 1.736–7.635) are significantly correlated with depression.
Conclusions
The prevalence of depression amongst rural Chinese older adults is obviously high. Women and the elderly with chronic diseases need to be focused on. Hence, this study suggests that promoting interactivity amongst family members, increasing their relationship satisfaction, and encouraging active participation in social activities are necessary to further reduce the risk of depression amongst rural Chinese older adults. The government should not only improve the social security system, but also provide financial support and assistance to the elderly in rural China.