bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation using different lipid delivery systems in middle-aged and older adults: a randomised controlled trial.
Authors: McCourt Aislinn F. , Mulrooney Steven L. , O’Neill Graham J. , O’Riordan E. Dolores , O’Sullivan Aifric M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFood fortification improves vitamin D intakes but is not yet mandated in many countries. Combining vitamin D with different dietary lipids altered vitamin D absorption in in vitro and postprandial studies. This randomised, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of the lipid composition of a vitamin D-fortified dairy drink on change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Sixty-three healthy adults aged 50+ years were randomised to one of the following for 4 weeks: vitamin D-fortified olive oil dairy drink, vitamin D-fortified coconut oil dairy drink, vitamin D supplement or placebo control dairy drink. All vitamin D groups received 20 µg of vitamin D3 daily. Serum was collected at baseline and post-intervention to measure 25(OH)D concentrations and biomarkers of metabolic health. Repeated-measures general linear model ANCOVA (RM GLM ANCOVA) compared changes over time. There was a significant time × treatment interaction effect on 25(OH)D concentrations for those classified as vitamin D-insufficient (P < 0·001) and -sufficient at baseline (P = 0·004). 25(OH)D concentrations increased significantly for all insufficient participants receiving vitamin D3 in any form. However, for vitamin D-sufficient participants at baseline, 25(OH)D concentrations only increased significantly with the coconut oil dairy drink and supplement. There was no effect of vitamin D on biomarkers of metabolic health. Vitamin D fortification of lipid-containing foods may be used in lieu of supplementation when supplement adherence is low or for individuals with dysphagia. These results are important given the recent recommendation to increase vitamin D intakes to 15–20 µg for older adults in Ireland.
Does analytic theology belong in the public university?
Authors: Schilbrack Kevin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn overarching question in William Wood's Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion concerns the conditions under which theology belongs in the public university. On this question, many or most academics today are methodological naturalists, and they would not accept explanations that appeal to supernatural entities. Wood devotes a chapter to arguing against that position. Nevertheless, Wood is not a ‘sectarian’ who argues that Christian theology should only answer to its own, tradition-specific norms, and so it is important to see how close his proposal and methodological naturalism (MN) actually are. In this response, I seek to clarify both MN and Wood's proposal regarding the proper norms for academic inquiry. Key to my argument is a distinction between a MN based on strict or scientific naturalism and a MN based on liberal or expansive naturalism. Analytic theologians and expansive naturalists can agree both that a theology that operates according to proper norms for academic inquiry belongs in the public university and that strict naturalism is not the norm that we want.
Outsider Bodies, Everyday Lives: Single Mothers and Their Children in Red Vienna
Authors: McEwen Britta 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHealthy bodies were central to the welfare projects of Red Vienna, 1919–34. This article traces the discourse of care surrounding single mothers and their children within the interwar Viennese welfare system, paying particular attention to the ways their bodies were described, monitored, and maximized for social utility. It establishes a shift in the perception of “worth” for these citizens, and then contrasts this stated value with the remembered experiences of children growing up without legal fathers in Red Vienna.
Volunteers’ spiritual care competence and its relationship with attitudes toward palliative care: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Jingrong , Jing Limei , Wang Hui , Ma Yanan , Xu Yifan , Li Tiantian , Jue Xing , Shu Zhiqun , Hui Jue , Li Xueying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesGiven the rising burden of palliative care and the limited human resources for its facilitation in China, volunteers are becoming increasingly indispensable. In particular, there is a high demand for volunteers who can serve as spiritual caregivers. However, a volunteer’s ability to provide good spiritual care in a palliative setting may be influenced by their attitude toward palliative care. To uncover the current state of spiritual caregiving in palliative settings in China and insights into best practices for its improvement, this study measured spiritual care competence and identified its influencing factors and explored its relationship with attitudes toward palliative care among volunteers. Notably, this study is the first to consider spiritual care competence alongside attitudes toward palliative care.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study using online survey methods was conducted with 385 volunteers in Shanghai, China. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire.ResultsVolunteers demonstrated relatively low levels of spiritual care competence (58.50 ± 10.92). Statistically significant correlations were found between spiritual care competence and the following variables: age, educational background, marital status, religious beliefs, occupational status, and relevant training and practical experience. Attitude toward palliative care significantly correlated with spiritual care competence (r = 0.49, p < 0.001).Significance of resultsTo continually improve volunteers’ spiritual care competence, diversified education and training programs about spiritual care should be designed for different kinds of volunteers; moreover, because attitude toward palliative care significantly impacted spiritual care competence, such programs should encourage positive attitudes toward palliative care.
Nature, Nurture, and the Meaning of Educational Attainment: Differences by Sex and Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Arpawong Thalida Em , Gatz Margaret , Zavala Catalina , Gruenewald Tara L. , Walters Ellen E. , Prescott Carol A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEstimated heritability of educational attainment (EA) varies widely, from 23% to 80%, with growing evidence suggesting the degree to which genetic variation contributes to individual differences in EA is highly dependent upon situational factors. We aimed to decompose EA into influences attributable to genetic propensity and to environmental context and their interplay, while considering influences of rearing household economic status (HES) and sex. We use the Project Talent Twin and Sibling Study, drawn from the population-representative cohort of high school students assessed in 1960 and followed through 2014, to ages 68−72. Data from 3552 twins and siblings from 1741 families were analyzed using multilevel regression and multiple group structural equation models. Individuals from less-advantaged backgrounds had lower EA and less variation. Genetic variance accounted for 51% of the total variance, but within women and men, 40% and 58% of the total variance respectively. Men had stable genetic variance on EA across all HES strata, whereas high HES women showed the same level of genetic influence as men, and lower HES women had constrained genetic influence on EA. Unexpectedly, middle HES women showed the largest constraints in genetic influence on EA. Shared family environment appears to make an outsized contribution to greater variability for women in this middle stratum and whether they pursue more EA. Implications are that without considering early life opportunity, genetic studies on education may mischaracterize sex differences because education reflects different degrees of genetic and environmental influences for women and men.
Hourly Sea Level Prediction‐Based GNSS‐IR Inversions by Combining the Least Squares Learning Cross‐Checking Method With the Gaussian Kernel Model L2 Constraint and LSTM
Authors: Zheng Naiquan , Chai Hongzhou , Ma Yongchao , Chen Lingqiu , Wang Min , Bai Tengfei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultisatellite systems and multi‐signal‐to‐noise ratio types provide a more prosperous data basis for the inversion of sea level by GNSS‐IR technology. However, there are few studies on data reconstruction of the retrieved sea level height. This study takes the SPBY station as an example and introduces the least squares learning cross‐checking method with the Gaussian kernel model (GKM) L2 constraint. Furthermore, research on hourly sea level reconstruction based on GNSS‐IR is carried out. Compared with the measured sea level, the sea level height in 2021 obtained after the fusion of multisource data has an R of 0.905 and an RMSE of 0.144 m. And the result obtained after data reconstruction has an R of 0.958 and an RMSE of 0.090 m. Compared with the multisource data fusion results before reconstruction, R is increased by 5.9%, and RMSE is decreased by 37.5%. Finally, using the reconstructed sea level data based on Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) artificial neural network to carry out the research on sea level prediction, which verifies the conclusion that more reliable forecast values can be obtained based on 5 months of training data. Among them, the R from 1 to 24 hr is 0.905, and the RMSE is 0.145 m. Compared with the inversion accuracy of GNSS‐IR, the R is increased by 2.0%, and the RMSE is decreased by 21.4%. This study demonstrates the feasibility of GNSS‐IR technology and L2‐constrained least squares learning cross‐checking method based on the GKM to reconstruct sea level data with high temporal resolution and high accuracy. The reliability of the sea level prediction based on GKM reconstruction and LSTM is verified in the sea level forecast of the next 24 epochs, which has essential applications in sea level data recovery and forecasting.
Magmatic System and Seismicity of the Arxan Volcanic Group in Northeast China
Authors: Li Jie , Tian You , Zhao Dapeng , Yan Dong , Li Zhiqiang , Li Hongli 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Arxan volcanic group is one of the largest active volcanic fields in China. Its last eruption occurred ∼2,000 years ago, but it still has a potential of eruption in the future. The spatial distribution and migration channel of its magmatic reservoirs are still unclear. Here we precisely locate microearthquakes and study the detailed 3‐D velocity structure of the volcanic area using a large number of high‐quality P and S wave arrival‐time data recorded at 227 portable seismometers. A swarm of microearthquakes (M < 1.5) related to magmatic activity were recorded, which lasted about 4 days during 13–16 September 2020. Our tomographic results show that 12 Arxan volcanoes share the same magmatic system. The melt fraction of a magma chamber below the Tianchi volcano at ∼0–8 km depths is estimated to be ∼6.1%–8.6% from the seismic velocity reductions. Our results indicate that the Arxan magmatic system is still active at present.
Density Derivation Using Controlled Spacecraft Potential in Earth's Magnetosheath and Multi‐Scale Fluctuation Analysis
Authors: Teubenbacher D. , Roberts O. W. , Nakamura R. , Narita Y. , Vörös Z. , Torkar K. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Ergun R. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn situ measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission are used to estimate electron density from spacecraft potential and investigate compressive turbulence in the Earth's magnetosheath. During the MMS Solar Wind Turbulence Campaign in February 2019, the four MMS spacecraft were arranged in a logarithmic line constellation enabling the study of measurements from multiple spacecraft at varying distances. We estimate the electron density from spacecraft potential for a time interval in which the ion emitters actively control the potential. The derived electron density data product has a higher temporal resolution than the plasma instruments, enabling the examination of fluctuation for scales down to the sub‐ion range. The inter‐spacecraft separations range from 132 to 916 km; this corresponds to scales of 3.5–24.1 ion inertial lengths. As an example, the derived density and magnetic field data are used to study fluctuations in the magnetosheath through time lags on a single spacecraft and spatial lags between pairs of spacecraft over almost one decade in scale. The results show an increase in anisotropy as the scale decreases, similar for the density and the magnetic field. This suggests different drivers in the strongly compressive magnetosheath and the weakly compressive solar wind. Compressive structures such as magnetic holes, compressive vortices and jets might play key roles.
Fusion of Multiple Models for Improving Gross Primary Production Estimation With Eddy Covariance Data Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Tian Zhenkun , Yi Chuixiang , Fu Yingying , Kutter Eric , Krakauer Nir Y. , Fang Wei , Zhang Qin , Luo Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTerrestrial gross primary production (GPP) represents the magnitude of CO2 uptake through vegetation photosynthesis, and is a key variable for carbon cycles between the biosphere and atmosphere. Light use efficiency (LUE) models have been widely used to estimate GPP for its physiological mechanisms and availability of data acquisition and implementation, yet each individual GPP model has exhibited large uncertainties due to input errors and model structure, and further studies of systematic validation, comparison, and fusion of those models with eddy covariance (EC) site data across diverse ecosystem types are still needed in order to further improve GPP estimation. We here compared and fused five GPP models (VPM, EC‐LUE, GOL‐PEM, CHJ, and C‐Fix) across eight ecosystems based on FLUXNET2015 data set using the ensemble methods of Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) separately. Our results showed that for individual models, EC‐LUE gave a better performance to capture interannual variability of GPP than other models, followed by VPM and GLO‐PEM, while CHJ and C‐Fix were more limited in their estimation performance. We found RF and SVM were superior to BMA on merging individual models at various plant functional types (PFTs) and at the scale of individual sites. On the basis of individual models, the fusion methods of BMA, SVM, and RF were examined by a five‐fold cross validation for each ecosystem type, and each method successfully improved the average accuracy of estimation by 8%, 18%, and 19%, respectively.
Three‐Dimensional Differentiation of the Contribution of Climatic Factors to Vegetation Change in the Pan‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Xueqin , Li Xiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDue to the heterogeneous terrains and unique alpine climate environment, the three‐dimensional differentiation of climatic impacts on vegetation change and its possible mechanism in the Pan‐Tibetan Plateau (PTP) are complex and lack adequate research. Hence, we here quantify the three‐dimensional differentiation of the contribution of climatic factors to vegetation change using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. Results indicate that the overall PTP has been warmer and wetter but partially drier, with a remarkable fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) increase since 2000. Moreover, the total areas with FVC changes accounting for approximately 49.3% of PTP are significantly driven by climate factors. Precipitation and potential evaporation predominate the vegetation change at relatively high altitudes and latitudes, while temperature affects the vegetation change at relatively low latitudes and parts of low elevations. Meanwhile, relative humidity dominates the vegetation change at middle altitudes and latitudes. Furthermore, the hydrothermal conditions and climate change magnitudes modulate the three‐dimensional differentiation. On the one hand, the effects of heat conditions on FVC change overwhelm the moisture conditions in alpine areas or warm and wet regions, in sharp contrast with the dominant role of water conditions in most dry areas. On the other hand, the spatial heterogeneity in climate change magnitudes influences the contribution of climatic factors in most hydrothermal conditions. Additionally, interventions challenging to quantify, such as climatic and mountainous hazards, anthropogenic activities, and vegetation feedback, will lead to the differentiation’s uncertainties. Our research hopefully provides theoretical support for national ecosystem management and major construction projects across PTP.
A live dengue virus vaccine carrying a chimeric envelope glycoprotein elicits dual DENV2-DENV4 serotype-specific immunity
Authors: Young Ellen , Yount Boyd , Pantoja Petraleigh , Henein Sandra , Meganck Rita M. , McBride Jennifer , Munt Jennifer E. , Baric Thomas J. , Zhu Deanna , Scobey Trevor , Dong Stephanie , Tse Longping V. , Martinez Melween I. , Burgos Armando G. , Graham Rachel L. , White Laura , DeSilva Aravinda , Sariol Carlos A. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe four dengue virus serotypes co-circulate globally and cause significant human disease. Dengue vaccine development is challenging because some virus-specific antibodies are protective, while others are implicated in enhanced viral replication and more severe disease. Current dengue tetravalent vaccines contain four live attenuated serotypes formulated to theoretically induce balanced protective immunity. Among the number of vaccine candidates in clinical trials, only Dengvaxia is licensed for use in DENV seropositive individuals. To simplify live-virus vaccine design, we identify co-evolutionary constraints inherent in flavivirus virion assembly and design chimeric viruses to replace domain II (EDII) of the DENV2 envelope (E) glycoprotein with EDII from DENV4. The chimeric DENV2/4EDII virus replicates efficiently in vitro and in vivo. In male macaques, a single inoculation of DENV2/4EDII induces type-specific neutralizing antibodies to both DENV2 and DENV4, thereby providing a strategy to simplify DENV vaccine design by utilizing a single bivalent E glycoprotein immunogen for two DENV serotypes.
Reducing charge noise in quantum dots by using thin silicon quantum wells
Authors: Paquelet Wuetz Brian , Degli Esposti Davide , Zwerver Anne-Marije J. , Amitonov Sergey V. , Botifoll Marc , Arbiol Jordi , Vandersypen Lieven M. K. , Russ Maximilian , Scappucci Giordano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCharge noise in the host semiconductor degrades the performance of spin-qubits and poses an obstacle to control large quantum processors. However, it is challenging to engineer the heterogeneous material stack of gate-defined quantum dots to improve charge noise systematically. Here, we address the semiconductor-dielectric interface and the buried quantum well of a28Si/SiGe heterostructure and show the connection between charge noise, measured locally in quantum dots, and global disorder in the host semiconductor, measured with macroscopic Hall bars. In 5 nm thick28Si quantum wells, we find that improvements in the scattering properties and uniformity of the two-dimensional electron gas over a 100 mm wafer correspond to a significant reduction in charge noise, with a minimum value of 0.29 ± 0.02 μeV/Hz½at 1 Hz averaged over several quantum dots. We extrapolate the measured charge noise to simulated dephasing times toCZ-gate fidelities that improve nearly one order of magnitude. These results point to a clean and quiet crystalline environment for integrating long-lived and high-fidelity spin qubits into a larger system.
Non-falciparum malaria infection and IgG seroprevalence among children under 15 years in Nigeria, 2018
Authors: Herman Camelia , Leonard Colleen M. , Uhomoibhi Perpetua , Maire Mark , Moss Delynn , Inyang Uwem , Abubakar Ado , Ogunniyi Abiodun , Mba Nwando , Greby Stacie M. , Okoye McPaul I. , Iriemenam Nnaemeka C. , Maikore Ibrahim , Steinhardt Laura , Rogier Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum (Pf) is the dominant malaria parasite in Nigeria though P. vivax (Pv), P. ovale (Po), and P. malariae (Pm) are also endemic. Blood samples (n = 31,234) were collected from children aged 0-14 years during a 2018 nationwide HIV survey and assayed for Plasmodium antigenemia, Plasmodium DNA, and IgG against Plasmodium MSP1-19 antigens. Of all children, 6.6% were estimated to have Pm infection and 1.4% Po infection with no Pv infections detected. The highest household wealth quintile was strongly protective against infection with Pm (aOR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05–0.22) or Po (aOR= 0.01, 0.00–0.10). Overall Pm seroprevalence was 34.2% (95% CI: 33.3-35.2) with lower estimates for Po (12.1%, 11.6-12.5) and Pv (6.3%, 6.0-6.7). Pm seropositivity was detected throughout the country with several local government areas showing >50% seroprevalence. Serological and DNA indicators show widespread exposure of Nigerian children to Pm with lower rates to Po and Pv.
Aqueous spinning of robust, self-healable, and crack-resistant hydrogel microfibers enabled by hydrogen bond nanoconfinement
Authors: Shi Yingkun , Wu Baohu , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRobust damage-tolerant hydrogel fibers with high strength, crack resistance, and self-healing properties are indispensable for their long-term uses in soft machines and robots as load-bearing and actuating elements. However, current hydrogel fibers with inherent homogeneous structure are generally vulnerable to defects and cracks and thus local mechanical failure readily occurs across fiber normal. Here, inspired by spider spinning, we introduce a facile, energy-efficient aqueous pultrusion spinning process to continuously produce stiff yet extensible hydrogel microfibers at ambient conditions. The resulting microfibers are not only crack-insensitive but also rapidly heal the cracks in 30 s by moisture, owing to their structural nanoconfinement with hydrogen bond clusters embedded in an ionically complexed hygroscopic matrix. Moreover, the nanoconfined structure is highly energy-dissipating, moisture-sensitive but stable in water, leading to excellent damping and supercontraction properties. This work creates opportunities for the sustainable spinning of robust hydrogel-based fibrous materials towards diverse intelligent applications.
Structural basis of vitamin C recognition and transport by mammalian SVCT1 transporter
Authors: Wang Mingxing , He Jin , Li Shanshan , Cai Qianwen , Zhang Kaiming , She Ji 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient for human health, and its deficiency has long been known to cause scurvy. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs) are responsible for vitamin C uptake and tissue distribution in mammals. Here, we present cryogenic electron microscopy structures of mouse SVCT1 in both the apo and substrate-bound states. Mouse SVCT1 forms a homodimer with each protomer containing a core domain and a gate domain. The tightly packed extracellular interfaces between the core domain and gate domain stabilize the protein in an inward-open conformation for both the apo and substrate-bound structures. Vitamin C binds at the core domain of each subunit, and two potential sodium ions are identified near the binding site. The coordination of sodium ions by vitamin C explains their coupling transport. SVCTs probably deliver substrate through an elevator mechanism in combination with local structural arrangements. Altogether, our results reveal the molecular mechanism by which SVCTs recognize vitamin C and lay a foundation for further mechanistic studies on SVCT substrate transport.