bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID: A Systematic Review
Authors: Boorle Naga Vijaya Lakshmi Divya , Kurra Nithin , Gandrakota Nikhila , Modi Karnav , Sudireddy Kavya , Irfan Shayan Ali , Jain Akhil , Parikh Priyanka , Jillella Dinesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has been one of the most widespread and devastating global pandemics affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. After the cessation of active infection, the disease continues to have a disabling impact due to the persistence of fatigue, brain fog, anxiety, and depression, among the most common symptoms. This study explores the progression of neurological, neurocognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms over a period of 12 months or more following an initial diagnosis of COVID-19.
Methods
Through an electronic search of eligible studies from PubMed, Cochrane Trial register, and Google Scholar, a total of 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria were used for qualitative analysis. The systematic review highlights the similarities and differences in findings across the included studies.
Results
Olfactory dysfunction was prevalent in 0.9–51% of individuals, and taste impairment was observed in 1.1–21.3% of individuals. At 12 months, anxiety was more prevalent (3.5–29%) than depression (3.5–26%). Fatigue was the predominant neurocognitive complaint in 56% of individuals with severe COVID-19. Sleep difficulties were reported in 3.8–50% of individuals. Memory impairment followed by headaches and dizziness were also among the neurocognitive symptoms reported at 12 months.
Conclusions
From our study, we found that there is a significant neurological burden one year following the diagnosis of COVID-19. Further studies exploring the pathological mechanisms of neurological long COVID-19 are necessary to delineate better the mechanisms behind several long-term Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.
Effect of bar designs on peri implant tissues health: a systematic review
Authors: Omeish Nadine , Bessou Laure , Carra Maria-Clotilde , Tavernier Bruno , Porporatti André Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Different characteristics of bars (cross-sectional shape, diameter, distal extension etc) lead to different biomechanical behavior (retention and stress) with implants and peri-implant tissues. Aim: To evaluate the impact of bar designs in fully edentulous arch (in the maxilla and/or mandibula), with 4 implants or more, on the peri-implant soft and hard tissues.
Two reviewers searched for observational studies, RCT and in vitro studies, published on five main databases and three from the grey literature, without restrictions on February 2022.
Of the 2784 selected articles, 6 met the inclusion criteria. Three RCT evaluated peri-implant health tissues in full edentulous arches with 4 or 6 implants rehabilitated with implant bar overdentures. One prospective study with 5 years follow-up evaluated the success/survival rate of implants and implant bar overdentures. Overall, 231 subjects were enrolled in our systematic review with 936 implants. Overdentures’ survival rate was 100%. There was a trend that plaque indices and gingival indices were low in all of the studies, however no statistical analysis was done due to the lack of information.
There is data suggesting that distal extension, diameter of the bar, bar material, and cross-sectional shape do have an impact on the peri-implant bone stress. However, due to the lack of information in the included studies, we cannot confirm if bar characteristics affect the peri-implant tissues health.
Investigating the Structure under the Pingting Terrace from the Co-Seismic Deformation of the 2022 Guanshan Earthquake
Authors: Hsu Yi-Chun , Chang Chung-Pai , Yen I-Chin , Huang Shao-Yi , Yen Jiun-Yee 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
On September 17th and 18th, 2022, shallow earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.6 (ML) and 6.8 (ML) occurred in the eastern Taiwan Longitudinal Valley, which marks the collision zone between the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate, and led to noticeable surface deformation and ruptures within 70 km. This study primarily focuses on the southernmost section of the rupture zone - the Pingting Terrace. Surface rupture locations and behaviors correspond to changes in topography, providing mutual confirmation that the deformation behavior of Pingting Terrace is complex. Based on the distribution of surface ruptures and topography changes, this study roughly divides the Pingting Terrace into northern and southern segments, using the central concave feature as a boundary. The Riedel shear model analysis results show that the principal shear directions in the northern and southern segments are N-S trending and azimuth 20°, respectively. The maximum principal stress orientations are around 135° for the northern and 155° for the southern segments. These findings align with the fault mechanical investigation of the Lichi Mélange in the northern Muken River area of the Pingting Terrace. This suggests spatial changes in shear zone orientations within the Lichi Mélange, which contribute to developing pressure ridges due to transpressional forces. As a result, the Pingting Terrace experiences rapid uplift, causing the Luliao River to migrate southward into the Beinan River, while the eastern Beinan River turns to the eastward edge of the Pingting Terrace.
Ground Motion Shaking Predictions Based on Machine Learning and Physics-based Simulations
Authors: Monterrubio-Velasco Marisol , Callaghan Scott , Modesto David , Carrasco Jose Carlos , Badia Rosa M , Pallarés Pablo , Vazquez Fernando , Quintana Enrique , Pienkowska Marta , Puenta Josep de la 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

After large-magnitude earthquakes occur, a crucial task for impact assessment is to rapidly and accurately estimate the ground shaking intensities in the affected region. The intensity response can be obtained through computationally demanding simulations of wave propagation phenomena, which are accurate but still slow to produce timely results. To satisfy real-time constraints, ground shaking is traditionally evaluated with approximated Ground Motion Models (GMMs) that can drastically limit the accuracy of the estimated intensity map. In this work, one of the largest existent datasets (with more than 100M simulated seismograms), from CyberShake Study 15.4 developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center covering the Los Angeles basin region, was used to train and validate several Machine Learning (ML) strategies as an alternative to GMMs. Our predictions using the ML-based EStimator for ground-shaking maps (MLESmap) strategy outperform GMM solutions requiring similar evaluation times. We show a reduction in the median of the root mean square error (RMSE) up to 45\% for a set of unseen samples of the synthetic database, and a reduction in RMSE between 11\% and 88\% for real historical earthquakes relative to GMM predictions.
Realization of Higher-Order Topological Lattices on a Quantum Computer: A Route to Quantum Advantage
Authors: Lee Ching Hua , Koh Jin Ming , Tai Tommy Yingzhe 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Programmable quantum simulators such as superconducting quantum processors and ultracold atomic lattices represent rapidly developing emergent technology that may one day qualitatively outperform existing classical computers. Yet, apart from a few breakthroughs, the range of viable computational applications with current-day noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is still significantly limited by gate errors, quantum decoherence, and the number of high-quality qubits. In this work, we develop an approach that places NISQ hardware as a particularly suitable platform for simulating multi-dimensional condensed matter systems, including lattices beyond three dimensions which are difficult to realize or probe in other settings. By fully exploiting the exponentially large Hilbert space of a quantum chain, we encoded a high-dimensional model in terms of non-local many-body interactions that can further be systematically transcribed into quantum gates. We demonstrate the power of our approach by realizing, on IBM transmon-based quantum computers, higher-order topological states in up to four dimensions, which are exotic phases that have never been realized in any quantum setting. With the aid of in-house circuit compression and error mitigation techniques, we measured the topological state dynamics and their protected mid-gap spectra to a high degree of accuracy, as benchmarked by reference exact diagonalization data. The resources needed with our approach scale favorably with system size and lattice dimensionality compared to classical numerical computation in a general setting — our findings thus present a tantalizing route to useful quantum advantage.
Short-term outcomes of intracorporeal delta-shaped overlap versus extracorporeal anastomosis after laparoscopic colectomy: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Fujii Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Kenji , Sawai Hirozumi , Yamamoto Seiya , Uehara Shuhei , Miyai Hirotaka , Takahashi Hiroki , Takiguchi Shuji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Laparoscopic colectomy methods, including intracorporeal anastomosis (IA), are commonly used in clinical practice and have become a research area. Previously, we described a novel IA technique, delta‑shaped overlap anastomosis (DOLA). This study aimed to describe detailed surgical tools for DOLA and their feasibility and safety by comparing short-term DOLA outcomes with those of conventional extracorporeal anastomosis (EA) after propensity score matching.
Methods
In total, 121 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic colectomy between June 2018 and August 2021 were retrospectively assessed. Linear staplers were used for all anastomoses. DOLA and EA groups included 46 and 74 patients, respectively. Propensity score matching analysis was conducted to compare matched groups based on clinicopathological characteristics, surgical and perioperative outcomes, complications, and postoperative inflammatory reactions. After matching, the DOLA and EA groups consisted of 35 cases each that were analyzed.
Results
Both groups had similar demographic characteristics, surgical procedures, histopathological outcomes, and postoperative complications. The DOLA group had significantly less blood loss than the EA group (10 versus 20 mL, p < 0.001). The DOLA group skin excision length (4 versus 6 cm, p < 0.001) and postoperative hospital stay length (6 versus 7 days, p < 0.001) were significantly shorter than those of the EA group. Increasing C-reactive protein (CRP) values at 1, 3, and 6 postoperative days were significantly lower in the DOLA group than in the EA group (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, and p = 0.04, respectively).
Conclusions
DOLA was significantly associated with lesser blood loss, shorter skin incision lengths, shorter postoperative hospital stays, and lower CRP level elevations than EA. DOLA is a safe, feasible technique that is potentially less invasive as compared to conventional EA.
The risk factors determined by four machine learning methods for the change of difference of bone mineral density in post-menopausal women after three years follow-up
Authors: Chang Ching-Yao , Peng Chung-Hsin , Chen Fang-Yu , Huang Li-Ying , Kuo Chun-Heng , Chu Ta-Wei , Liang Yao-Jen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
The prevalence of osteoporosis has drastically increased recently. It is not only the most frequent but is also a major global public health problem due to its high morbidity. There are many risk factors associated with osteoporosis were identified. However, most studies have used the traditional multiple linear regression (MLR) to explore their relationships. Recently, machine learning (Mach-L) has become a new modality for data analysis because it enables machine to learn from past data or experiences without being explicitly programmed and could capture nonlinear relationships better. These methods have the potential to outperform conventional MLR in disease prediction. In the present study, we enrolled a Chinese post-menopause cohort followed up for 4 years. The difference of T-score (δ-T score) was the dependent variable. Information such as demographic, biochemistry and life styles were the independent variables. Our goals were:
1. Compare the prediction accuracy between Mach-L and traditional MLR for δ-T score.
2. Rank the importance of risk factors (independent variables) for prediction of δ T-score.
Methods:
Totally, there were 1698 postmenopausal women were enrolled from MJ Health Database. Four different Mach-L methods namely, Random forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Naïve Bayes (NB), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), to construct predictive models for predicting δ-BMD after four years follow-up. The dataset was then randomly divided into an 80% training dataset for model building and a 20% testing dataset for model testing. To ensure the accuracy of our results, 10-fold cross-validation technique for hyperparameter tuning was used. Models with the smaller mean error were considered as better models. After averaging the importance of the four Mach-L methods, the importance of each variable was obtained and rank 1 was the most critical and 22 as the least important variable.
Results:
For Pearson correlation, age, education, BMI, HDL-C, and TSH were positively and plasma calcium level, and baseline T-score were negatively correlated with δ-T score. All four Mach-L methods yielded lower prediction errors than the MLR method and were all convincing Mach-L models. From our results, it could be noted that education level is the most important factor for δ-T Score, followed by DBP, smoking, SBP, UA, age, and LDL-C.
Conclusion:
All four Mach-L outperformed traditional MLR. By using Mach-L, the most important six risk factors were selected which are, from the most important to the least: DBP, SBP, UA, education level, TG and sleeping hour. δ T score was positively related to SBP, education level, UA and TG and negatively related to DBP and sleeping hour in postmenopausal Chinese women.
“How are the registrars doing, especially the new ones”: International Medical Graduate Experiences of Medical Specialty Training at an African University
Authors: Baheir Baheir Masud , Tanjour Mazen , Ras Tasleem 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: The lived experiences of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) pursuing medical specialist training at health sciences faculties in South Africa (SA) have not been documented despite the high numbers of IMGs choosing SA as the destination of choice for medical specialisation. This study addresses the following question: what are the experiences of IMGs pursuing medical specialisation in SA? The findings may help future IRs make informed decisions when choosing their study destination. It could also assist supervisors and program managers in anticipating some of the challenges that IMGs face.
Methods: A qualitative design using an interpretive phenomenological approach was employed. Semi- structured face-to-face interviews generated data directly from IMGs and were checked for accuracy using a focus group discussion.
Results: Two major themes were developed. Negative experiences were subdivided into 4 subsections: registration and administrative barriers; structural and policy-related challenges; challenges related to teaching, supervision and clinical training; and challenges related to life outside the university. The second theme documented positive experiences.
Conclusion: We described several important issues affecting externally funded IMGs arriving for medical specialist training at the study site. Some recommendations are made for practical implementation and future research.
Weekly Image Guidance in Patients with Cervical Cancer Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy: Results of a Large Cohort Study
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Wang Weiping , Liu Dingchao , Zhang Fuquan , Hu Ke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Image guidance is recommended for patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for cervical cancer. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of a weekly image guidance pattern and analyzed the long-term outcomes in a large cohort of patients.
Methods
The study enrolled patients with stage IB-IVA cervical cancer who received definitive radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. IMRT was delivered at a dose of 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions, with weekly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Physicians advised patients on rectum and bladder preparation to help them prepare on non-imaging guidance days. When significant tumor regression was observed, a second computed tomography simulation and re-planning were performed.
Results
The median follow-up periods were 63.4 months. The incidence rates of loco-regional and distant failure were 9.9% and 13.6%. The 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), loco-regional relapse-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were 80.1%, 72.9%, 78.3%, and 74.8%, respectively. The 5-year OS, DFS, LRFS, and DMFS rates were statistically significant for patients with different stages. For patients with and without positive regional lymph nodes, the 5-year OS, DFS, LRFS, and DMFS rates were 64.5% and 86.0%, 56.8% and 78.8%, 62.7% and 84.3%, and 58.8% and 81.0%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that age, histology, tumor size, cancer stage, pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen level, and para-aortic metastatic lymph nodes were independent prognostic factors of OS. Fifty-six (4.0%) patients experienced grade 3–4 chronic toxicities.
Conclusions
IMRT with weekly CBCT is an acceptable image guidance strategy in countries with limited medical resources.
Alkaline gelatinised cassia tora and locust bean gums as talc depressants: Adsorption and thermochemical aspect
Authors: Ngobeni Walter , Mulaba-Bafubiandi Antoine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Talc is a gangue mineral of most platinum group metals and base metals ores commonly found in the Southern African mineral repository. It is naturally hydrophobic, and invariably, the depression of talc is paramount and challenging in the flotation of these ores. This paper introduced cassia tora gum (CTG) and locust bean gum (LBG) as novel talc depressants. The adsorption densities, thermochemical, and talc depression of these depressants were studied using adsorption, zeta potential and microflotation studies. Talc flotability in the absence of the depressant was 89% this implied that the talc used in this study was naturally floatable. The adsorption studies revealed that CTG yielded the highest talc adsorption density, followed by LBG and CMC, and their adsorption densities were 5.8 mg/m2, 4.6 mg/m2 and 3.5 mg/m2, respectively. PGM flotation occurs at pH 9. Therefore, the zeta potential results at this pH were given more focus in the present study. The zeta potential values at pH 9 were -5.75 mV for LBG and CTG and -15 mV for CMC, respectively. In addition, the percentage of talc depression achieved in the microflotation studies decreased in the order LBG > CTG > CMC; their respective values were 72% > 56% > 51%. Therefore, the zeta potential values agree with the adsorption and microflotation studies results observed in this study, i.e., LBG and CTG depressed talc more effectively than CMC. Lastly, bench flotation results revealed that LBG yielded the highest talc depression at 100 g/t, while CTG yielded the highest talc depression at 25 g/t. Thus, these results agreed with thermodynamic theory, viz., a low molecular weight polymer is effective at low dosages where the surface is unsaturated. In contrast, a high molecular weight polymer is effective at high dosages as there is enough quantity to cover the surface adequately.
Unusual Presentation of Typhoid Encephalopathy: Case Reports
Authors: Alam Anggraini , Nurmawati Syndi , Hawani Dewi , Dewi Mia Milanti , Djauhari Hofiya , Parwati Ida , Kosasih Herman , Alisjahbana Bachti , DLH Dzulfikar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background. Encephalopathy, associated with high mortality and prolonged sequelae, may be caused by Salmonella typhi infection. However, the similarity of symptoms and routine laboratory results with other infections, may hinder prompt diagnosis and treatment. Blood culture, which is the gold standard for typhoid, was not always performed. We presented two cases of typhoid encephalopathy that had been misdiagnosed as viral and TB meningitis. Proper awareness and blood culture in encephalopathy cases played an important part in diagnosing and, thus, treating these cases properly.
Case presentation. First case; a 13-year-old Sundanese male came to the hospital with seizure and fever. He was diagnosed with viral meningoencephalitis and treated with Acyclovir for five days. His fever continued and his condition worsened. Blood culture was found positive for S. typhi on day five of hospitalization. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with typhoid encephalopathy, given Ceftriaxone injection, and his condition improved. He recovered completely after six months. Second Case; a 12-year-old Sundanese male came with a decrease of consciousness and intermittent fever. He was diagnosed with tuberculosis meningitis and treated with first line antituberculosis drugs. IgM Salmonella was positive on the second day of hospitalization, and S. typhi was found through blood culture on his 4th day of hospitalization, leading to the diagnosis of typhoid encephalopathy. His condition improved after four days with ceftriaxone, and he recovered completely on 3 months follow-up.
Conclusions. Typhoid encephalopathy should always be considered as the cause of CNS infection in typhoid endemic areas. Blood culture is crucial in diagnosing encephalopathy cases.
Soil extracellular enzymes as drivers of soil carbon storage under nitrogen addition
Authors: Chen Ji , Chen Xiao , לֹשם ומחן , Sinsabaugh Robert , L. Moorhead Daryl , Bardgett Richard , Fanin Nicolas , Nottingham Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Enhanced anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs to ecosystems may have substantial impacts on soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling. One way to link species-rich soil microorganisms with specific SOC cycling processes is via soil extracellular enzyme activities (EEAs). Here, by presenting a meta-analysis on the response of soil C-degrading EEAs to N addition, our results show that N addition increases hydrolytic C-degrading EEAs that target simple polysaccharides by 12.8%, but decreases oxidative C-degrading EEAs that degrade complex phenolic macromolecules by 11.9%. The net effect of N addition on SOC storage is determined by the balance between the two types of C-degrading EEAs, with impacts varying across different ecosystem types. Our results help identify changes in soil microbial C use strategies under N addition. Incorporating this enzymatic influence into Earth system models could improve the representation of microbial processes as well as predictions of SOC dynamics in a changing environment.