bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clock-modulatory Activity of Nobiletin Suppresses Adipogenesis Via Wnt Signaling
Authors: Xiong Xuekai , Kiperman Tali , Li Weini , Dhawan Sangeeta , Lee Jeongkyung , Yechoor Vijay , Ma Ke 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The circadian clock machinery exerts transcriptional control to modulate adipogenesis and its disruption leads to the development of obesity. Here, we report that Nobiletin, a circadian clock amplitude-enhancing molecule, displays antiadipogenic properties via activation of Wnt signaling pathway that is dependent on its clock modulation. Nobiletin augmented clock oscillatory amplitude with period lengthening in the adipogenic mesenchymal precursor cells and preadipocytes, accompanied by an induction of Bmal1 and clock components within the negative feedback arm. Consistent with its clock-modulatory activity, Nobiletin strongly inhibited the lineage commitment and terminal differentiation of adipogenic progenitors. Mechanistically, we show that Nobiletin induced the reactivation of Wnt signaling during adipogenesis via transcriptional up-regulation of key components within this pathway. Furthermore, Nobiletin administration in mice markedly reduced adipocyte hypertrophy, leading to a significant loss of fat mass and reduction of body weight. Last, Nobiletin inhibited the differentiation of primary preadipocytes, and this effect was dependent on a functional clock regulation. Collectively, our findings uncover a novel activity of Nobiletin in suppressing adipocyte development in a clock-dependent manner, implicating its potential application in countering obesity and associated metabolic consequences.
Energy expenditure of southern right whales varies with body size, reproductive state and activity level
Authors: Christiansen Fredrik , Sprogis Kate R. , Nielsen Mia L. K. , Glarou Maria , Bejder Lars 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Quantifying the energy expenditure of animals is critical to understanding the cost of anthropogenic disturbance relative to their overall energy requirements. We used novel drone focal follows (776 follows, 185 individuals) and aerial photogrammetry (5372 measurements, 791 individuals) to measure the respiration rate and body condition loss of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) on a breeding ground in Australia. Respiration rates were converted to oxygen consumption rate and field metabolic rate (FMR) using published bioenergetic models. The intra-seasonal loss in body condition of different reproductive classes (calves, juveniles, adults, pregnant and lactating females) was converted to blubber energy loss and total energy expenditure (TEE). Using these two metrics, we tested the effects of body size, reproductive state and activity level on right whale energy expenditure. Respiration rates and mass-specific FMR decreased exponentially with an increase in body size, as expected based on allometric scaling. FMR increased curvilinearly with an increase in swim speed, probably as a result of increased drag and increased locomotion costs. Respiration rates and FMR were 44% higher for pregnant and lactating females compared with those of adults, suggesting significant costs of fetal maintenance and milk production, respectively. The estimated FMR of adults based on their respiration rates corresponded well with the estimated TEE based on body condition loss. The rate of decline in body condition of pregnant and lactating females was considerably higher than expected based on respiration rates, which probably reflects the milk energy transfer from mothers to calves, which is not reflected in their FMR.
Hyposalinity reduces coordination and adhesion of sea urchin tube feet
Authors: Moura Andrew J. , Garner Austin M. , Narvaez Carla A. , Cucchiara Jack P. , Stark Alyssa Y. , Russell Michael P. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTClimate change will increase the frequency and intensity of low-salinity (hyposalinity) events in coastal marine habitats. Sea urchins are dominant herbivores in these habitats and are generally intolerant of salinity fluctuations. Their adhesive tube feet are essential for survival, effecting secure attachment and locomotion in high wave energy habitats, yet little is known about how hyposalinity impacts their function. We exposed green sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) to salinities ranging from ambient (32‰) to severe (14‰) and assessed tube feet coordination (righting response, locomotion) and adhesion [disc tenacity (force per unit area)]. Righting response, locomotion and disc tenacity decreased in response to hyposalinity. Severe reductions in coordinated tube foot activities occurred at higher salinities than those that affected adhesion. The results of this study suggest moderate hyposalinities (24–28‰) have little effect on S. droebachiensis dislodgement risk and survival post-dislodgment, while severe hyposalinity (below 24‰) likely reduces movement and prevents recovery from dislodgment.
Delirium in hip fracture patients admitted from home during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with higher mortality, longer total length of stay, need for post-acute inpatient rehabilitation, and readmission to acute services
Authors: Penfold Rose S. , Hall Andrew J. , Anand Atul , Clement Nick D. , Duckworth Andrew D. , MacLullich Alasdair M. J. 
Published: June 2023

AimsDelirium is associated with adverse outcomes following hip fracture, but the prevalence and significance of delirium for the prognosis and ongoing rehabilitation needs of patients admitted from home is less well studied. Here, we analyzed relationships between delirium in patients admitted from home with 1) mortality; 2) total length of hospital stay; 3) need for post-acute inpatient rehabilitation; and 4) hospital readmission within 180 days.MethodsThis observational study used routine clinical data in a consecutive sample of hip fracture patients aged ≥ 50 years admitted to a single large trauma centre during the COVID-19 pandemic between 1 March 2020 and 30 November 2021. Delirium was prospectively assessed as part of routine care by the 4 A’s Test (4AT), with most assessments performed in the emergency department. Associations were determined using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation quintile, COVID-19 infection within 30 days, and American Society of Anesthesiologists grade.ResultsA total of 1,821 patients were admitted, with 1,383 (mean age 79.5 years; 72.1% female) directly from home. Overall, 87 patients (4.8%) were excluded due to missing 4AT scores. Delirium prevalence in the whole cohort was 26.5% (460/1,734): 14.1% (189/1,340) in the subgroup of patients admitted from home, and 68.8% (271/394) in the remaining patients (comprising care home residents and inpatients when fracture occurred). In patients admitted from home, delirium was associated with a 20-day longer total length of stay (p < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, delirium was associated with higher mortality at 180 days (odds ratio (OR) 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13 to 2.54); p = 0.013), requirement for post-acute inpatient rehabilitation (OR 2.80 (95% CI 1.97 to 3.96); p < 0.001), and readmission to hospital within 180 days (OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.02 to 3.15); p = 0.041).ConclusionDelirium affects one in seven patients with a hip fracture admitted directly from home, and is associated with adverse outcomes in these patients. Delirium assessment and effective management should be a mandatory part of standard hip fracture care.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(6):447–456.
Tracing 25 years of ‘initiativitis’ in central government attempts to join up local public services in England
Authors: Gibson Michael , van Lier Felix-Anselm , Carter Eleanor 
Published: June 2023

Over the last 25 years, central government has attempted to join up local public services in England on at least 55 occasions, illustrating the ‘initiativitis’ inflicted upon local governments by the large volume and variety of coordination programmes. By analysing and mapping some of the characteristics of these initiatives, we have uncovered insights into the ways central government has sought to achieve local coordination. We observe a clear preference for the use of funding and fiscal powers as a lever, a competitive allocation process, and a constrained discretion model of governance, with some distinct patterns over time. These choices made in the design of initiatives are likely to be shaped by the perceived and real accountability structures within government, and so offer an opportunity to consider how accountability affects, and is affected by, particular programmatic efforts at a local level.
This article makes a significant contribution to our understanding of coordination programmes at a central–local government level. By identifying patterns in the approach of government over the last 25 years, it offers an empirical lens to map the ‘glacial and incremental’ reframing of central–local relations and associated shifts in public accountability. In this way, the article provides more solid foundations to a range of issues – central government’s reliance on controlling the reins of funding, the competitive nature of allocation processes, and the enduring centralisation of accountability – that have been much discussed among policymakers, practitioners and researchers, but have lacked clear empirical grounding.
MetaNovo: An open-source pipeline for probabilistic peptide discovery in complex metaproteomic datasets
Authors: Potgieter Matthys G. , Nel Andrew J. M. , Fortuin Suereta , Garnett Shaun , Wendoh Jerome M. , Tabb David L. , Mulder Nicola J. , Blackburn Jonathan M. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Microbiome research is providing important new insights into the metabolic interactions of complex microbial ecosystems involved in fields as diverse as the pathogenesis of human diseases, agriculture and climate change. Poor correlations typically observed between RNA and protein expression datasets make it hard to accurately infer microbial protein synthesis from metagenomic data. Additionally, mass spectrometry-based metaproteomic analyses typically rely on focused search sequence databases based on prior knowledge for protein identification that may not represent all the proteins present in a set of samples. Metagenomic 16S rRNA sequencing only targets the bacterial component, while whole genome sequencing is at best an indirect measure of expressed proteomes. Here we describe a novel approach, MetaNovo, that combines existing open-source software tools to perform scalable de novo sequence tag matching with a novel algorithm for probabilistic optimization of the entire UniProt knowledgebase to create tailored sequence databases for target-decoy searches directly at the proteome level, enabling metaproteomic analyses without prior expectation of sample composition or metagenomic data generation and compatible with standard downstream analysis pipelines.

Results
We compared MetaNovo to published results from the MetaPro-IQ pipeline on 8 human mucosal-luminal interface samples, with comparable numbers of peptide and protein identifications, many shared peptide sequences and a similar bacterial taxonomic distribution compared to that found using a matched metagenome sequence database—but simultaneously identified many more non-bacterial peptides than the previous approaches. MetaNovo was also benchmarked on samples of known microbial composition against matched metagenomic and whole genomic sequence database workflows, yielding many more MS/MS identifications for the expected taxa, with improved taxonomic representation, while also highlighting previously described genome sequencing quality concerns for one of the organisms, and identifying an experimental sample contaminant without prior expectation.

Conclusions
By estimating taxonomic and peptide level information directly on microbiome samples from tandem mass spectrometry data, MetaNovo enables the simultaneous identification of peptides from all domains of life in metaproteome samples, bypassing the need for curated sequence databases to search. We show that the MetaNovo approach to mass spectrometry metaproteomics is more accurate than current gold standard approaches of tailored or matched genomic sequence database searches, can identify sample contaminants without prior expectation and yields insights into previously unidentified metaproteomic signals, building on the potential for complex mass spectrometry metaproteomic data to speak for itself.
The role of geography and distance on physician follow-up after a first hospitalization with a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: A retrospective population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rotenberg Martin , Gozdyra Peter , Anderson Kelly K. , Kurdyak Paul 
Published: June 2023

Background
Timely follow-up after hospitalization for a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) is an important quality indicator. We examined the proportion of individuals who received physician follow-up within 7 and 30 days post-discharge by health region and estimated the effect of distance between a person’s residence and discharging hospital on follow-up.

Methods
We created a retrospective population-based cohort of incident hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis of a SSD between 01/01/2012 and 30/03/2019. The proportion of follow-up with a psychiatrist and family physician within 7 and 30 days were calculated for each region. The effect of distance between a person’s residence and discharging hospital on follow-up was estimated using adjusted multilevel logistic regression models.

Results
We identified 6,382 incident hospitalizations for a SSD. Only 14.2% and 49.2% of people received follow-up care with a psychiatrist within 7 and 30 days of discharge, respectively, and these proportions varied between regions. Although distance from hospital was not associated with follow-up within 7 days of discharge, increasing distance was associated with lower odds of follow-up with a psychiatrist within 30 days.

Conclusion
Post-discharge follow-up is poor across the province. Geospatial factors may impact post-discharge care and should be considered in further evaluation of quality of care.
Gender and intention to leave healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. healthcare workers: A cross sectional analysis of the HERO registry
Authors: Apple Rachel , O’Brien Emily C. , Daraiseh Nancy M. , Xu Haolin , Rothman Russell L. , Linzer Mark , Thomas Laine , Roumie Christianne 
Published: June 2023

Importance
The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the healthcare field, resulting in a worker exodus at the onset and throughout the pandemic and straining healthcare systems. Female healthcare workers face unique challenges that may impact job satisfaction and retention. It is important to understand factors related to healthcare workers’ intent to leave their current field.

Objective
To test the hypothesis that female healthcare workers were more likely than male counterparts to report intention to leave.

Design
Observational study of healthcare workers enrolled in the Healthcare Worker Exposure Response and Outcomes (HERO) registry. After baseline enrollment, two HERO ‘hot topic’ survey waves, in May 2021 and December 2021, ascertained intent to leave. Unique participants were included if they responded to at least one of these survey waves.

Setting
HERO registry, a large national registry that captures healthcare worker and community member experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Participants
Registry participants self-enrolled online and represent a convenience sample predominantly composed of adult healthcare workers.

Exposure(s)
Self-reported gender (male, female).

Main outcome
Primary outcome was intention to leave (ITL), defined as having already left, actively making plans, or considering leaving healthcare or changing current healthcare field but with no active plans. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the odds of intention to leave with adjustment for key covariates.

Results
Among 4165 responses to either May or December surveys, female gender was associated with increased odds of ITL (42.2% males versus 51.4% females reported intent to leave; aOR 1.36 [1.13, 1.63]). Nurses had 74% higher odds of ITL compared to most other health professionals. Among those who expressed ITL, three quarters reported job-related burnout as a contributor, and one third reported experience of moral injury.

Conclusions and relevance
Female healthcare workers had higher odds of intent to leave their healthcare field than males. Additional research is needed to examine the role of family-related stressors.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04342806.
¿Qué tan abierto y meritocrático ha sido el ingreso a la Administración Pública Nacional (APN) argentina en el Sistema Nacional de Empleo Público (SINEP) entre los años 2016 y 2022?
Authors: Luxardo Diego 
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo procura evaluar los mecanismos de ingreso a la administración pública de la Rep. Argentina en el marco del Sistema Nacional de Empleo Público (SINEP), entre los años 2016 y 2022, para poder establecer su nivel de meritocracia o discrecionalidad. Para esto indaga dos dimensiones del funcionamiento de estos mecanismos: por un lado, la meritocracia estrictamente hablando, encarnada en la realización de concursos para el ingreso, en contraposición a las altamente discrecionales contrataciones transitorias; por el otro, el nivel de apertura a la ciudadanía externa a la administración pública, de la competencia por el acceso a los cargos vacantes, reflejado en los tipos de convocatoria utilizados (convocatorias Abiertas vs. Generales e Internas). El trabajo revela cómo, si bien pueden producirse avances significativos en la primera de estas dimensiones (la meritocracia) celebrándose concursos periódicamente, éstos pueden no verse acompañados de avances análogos en la segunda (la apertura de la competencia), lo cual podría estar socavando "el espíritu de la norma" que procura establecer un sistema de ingreso a la administración pública basado en el mérito y la igualdad de oportunidades.
Herausgeberschaft und Verantwortung: Über die Un-/Abhängigkeit wissenschaftlicher Fachzeitschriften
Authors: Knöchelmann Marcel 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Technischer Wandel ermöglicht Open Access wie auch Unabhängigkeit von etablierten Verlagen. Dies wiederum wirft Fragen zur verantwortungsvollen Herausgeberschaft auf: Was bedeutet Unabhängigkeit in Bezug auf Kernthemen wie Gestaltung der Qualitätssicherung, Umgang mit Bibliometrie, allen voran dem Journal Impact Factor, und Sichtbarkeit? In diesem Artikel werden Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie zur Verantwortung der Herausgeberschaft in der Medizin und Philosophie vorgestellt und diskutiert. Sie deuten zur kritischen Rolle von Bibliotheken in der Publikationsberatung.
An experimental study for chemical characterization of artificial anterior cruciate ligament with coated chitosan as biomaterial
Authors: Turşucular Ömer Fırat , Ulcay Yusuf 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The importance and aim of this experimental study is that raw artificial anterior cruciate ligament samples were produced with various 3-D braiding constructions with various technical yarns using the 3-D braiding method. Later, it is aimed to determine the chemical bond changes between raw samples with ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization and bio-chemical finishing samples by applying padding process and EtO sterilization processes for all samples with 3-D braiding structures, due to the cross-linking of biocompatible chitosan (CHI) with biological cross-linker glutaraldehyde (GA). The importance of this experimental study is that it is the first experimental chemical analysis in this field in the world scientific study. Padding and EtO sterilization processes were applied on all samples and compared to various technical yarns with 3-D braiding structures thanks to biocompatible CHI. Chemical analysis was interpreted for all samples. It was determined that the applied temperature, concentration, pH, yarn types, characteristic bonds in the chemical structure of the technical yarns, applied bio-chemical finishing process and EtO sterilization had effect on the formation, shifting and breaking of chemical bonds. It was determined that the yarn number, braiding geometry, braiding angle (°) and braid construction had no effect on the formation or shifting of chemical bonds. New bonds were formed thanks to CHI and GA due to their extremely reactive between 5 and 5.5 pH. They reacted quickly with Schiff base bond in all samples. CHI was ionized in all samples. It was determined that new bonds were formed in UHMWPE, PPD-T and HT PET structures. The most common bond formations were HT PET > PPD-T > UHMWPE. The reasons for these chemical structure changes in all samples depended on their chemical structures, bond types, molecular weights, reactivities, ease and speed of diffusions, crystallinities of technical yarns and all chemicals used. In order to increase the formation of new chemical bonds the pH should be between 5 and 5.5. GA concentration should be a minimum of 25% or higher. The dissolution time of CHI should be minimum 3 h or more. The dissolution process temperature of CHI should be minimum of 70°C or higher. The absorption, adsorption and chelation properties of CHI on all samples will also be evident successfully as in this experimental chemical study.
Tribological behaviour of thermally sprayed ceramic coating at high temperature
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Walia Ravinderjit S. , Singh Pushpendra , Murtaza Qasim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present study focuses on the wear behaviour of a Al2O3-13 wt.% TiO2 composite coating deposited by a flame spray method for high temperature applications. The microstructural characterisation and mechanical properties, such as microhardness and surface roughness were studied. In addition, the porosity characterisation of the coating was studied through quantitative image analysis using the software Image_J. The tribological testing of the deposited coating was performed at four different temperatures, i.e., 25 °C, 100 °C, 200 °C and 400 °C, using a high temperature pin-on-disk tribometer. The specific wear rate decreases with an increase in temperature of upto 200 °C and then increases slightly at 400 °C, whereas the coefficient of friction declines with temperature rise. The dominant wear mechanism is three-body abrasion and brittle fracture followed by erosion and oxidation wear at high temperatures.