bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statins and psoriasis: Position statement by the Psoriasis Task Force of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venerology
Authors: Gonzalez‐Cantero A. , Boehncke W. H. , De Sutter J. , Zamorano J. L. , Lambert J. , Puig L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is associated with an increased mortality risk, with cardiovascular disease being the leading excess cause (in a dose–response manner with psoriasis severity). Statins have demonstrated a reduction in all‐cause mortality with no excess of adverse events among the general population. The underuse of interventions in cardiovascular prevention, such as statins, for patients with psoriasis may be the result of an insufficient evaluation.ObjectivesTo provide the dermatologist with a tool for systematizing the treatment of dyslipidemia in psoriasis, which generally escapes the scope of dermatological practice, and to facilitate decision‐making about the referral and treatment of patients.MethodsThe Psoriasis Task Force of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology performed this two‐phase study to achieve a consensus and create recommendations on the use of statin therapy in patients with psoriasis. The first phase included a systematic review to identify a list of outline concepts and recommendations according to guidelines. The second phase consisted in a two‐round Delphi study to evaluate those recommendations not literally taken from guidelines.ResultsA list of 47 concepts and recommendations to be followed by dermatologists involved in the treatment of patients with moderate–severe psoriasis was created. It included six main concepts about cardiovascular risk and psoriasis, six items related with the role of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) and the benefits of statin treatment in psoriasis patients, eight recommendations about how cardiovascular risk should be assessed, three on the role of non‐invasive cardiovascular imaging, three on LDL‐c thresholds, eight key points related to statin prescription, 10 on statin treatment follow‐up and three on patient referral to another specialist.ConclusionsThe application of this position statement (close final list of concepts and recommendations) will help dermatologists to manage dyslipidemia and help psoriasis patients to reduce their cardiovascular risk.
Multiple paternity is related to adult sex ratio and sex determination system in reptiles
Authors: Pipoly Ivett , Duffy Robert , Mészáros Gábor , Bókony Veronika , Vági Balázs , Székely Tamás , Liker András 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) is an emerging predictor of reproductive behaviour, and recent studies in birds and humans suggest it is a major driver of social mating systems and parental care. ASR may also influence genetic mating systems. For instance male-skewed ASRs are expected to increase the frequency of multiple paternity (defined here as a clutch or litter sired by two or more males) due to higher rates of coercive copulations by males, and/or due to females exploiting the opportunity of copulation with multiple males to increase genetic diversity of their offspring. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis in reptiles that often exhibit high frequency of multiple paternity although its ecological and life-history predictors have remained controversial. Using a comprehensive dataset of 81 species representing all four non-avian reptile orders, we show that increased frequency of multiple paternity is predicted by more male-skewed ASR, and this relationship is robust to simultaneous effects of several life-history predictors. Additionally, we show that the frequency of multiple paternity varies with the sex determination system: species with female heterogamety (ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes) exhibit higher levels of multiple paternity than species with male heterogamety (XY/XX) or temperature-dependent sex determination. Thus, our across-species comparative study provides the first evidence that genetic mating system depends on ASR in reptiles. We call for further investigations to uncover the complex evolutionary associations between mating systems, sex determination systems and ASR.
Abstract
"Phylogenetic comparative analyses of 81 non-avian reptile species show that the frequency of multiple paternity in clutches is associated with adult sex ratio. Additionally, multiple paternity varies with the sex determination system of the species."
What we owe patients when fear undermines autonomy: Concretized emotions and the incapacity to deliberate
Authors: Halpern Jodi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFear and anxiety can interfere profoundly with a person's ability to deliberate. Patients sometimes face critical medical decisions while subject to intense emotions which involve catastrophic (or wishful) convictions about the future. Medical teams, and even psychiatrists and bioethicists, lack a model for what to do in such cases. Philosophical accounts of autonomy and the clinical criteria for decision‐making capacity derived from them fail to address cases in which emotions do not merely skew judgment but rather block decision‐making capacity itself. This paper provides an account of when emotions undermine a person's freedom to deliberate, which is the basis of the capacity for autonomy. People subject to what I call ‘concretized emotions’ meet the cognitive criteria for decision‐making capacity. Yet their emotions dictate their views of reality and prevent them from meeting the basic conditions for deliberation. To deliberate one needs to be able to think through alternatives, and this thinking through alternatives needs to be responsive to evidence. With concretized fear, both the ability to think through alternatives and the ability to respond cognitively to evidence is undermined. The person can engage in apparent deliberation, but her thought processes regarding the feared matter are characterized by the rigid view that things are just as they seem from her emotional view. This paper develops a theoretical and clinical model for a more appropriate and nuanced approach to acting responsibly toward patients subject to intense fear and related emotional states that block their decision‐making capacity.
Determination of shrinkage characteristics of pumpkin discs during convection, microwave, and combined drying using computer‐aided technique: Image processing application
Authors: Sabanci Sercan , Türkoğlu Tuğçe , Dirim Safiye Nur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImage processing techniques are used in several fields and gained popularity in food processing. In this study the drying and shrinkage characteristics of pumpkin slices were determined by using thresholding method. A continuous measurement of the weight change and an imaging of the pumpkin slices to measure the area of the sample before and after drying were performed to define the shrinkage characteristics. The drying times of the pumpkin discs were between 8.5–9 and 55–65 minutes for 2 mm thick samples. Drying in the microwave oven resulted in 85% less time and lower values of water activity were obtained. The shrinkage rate of samples dried by microwave drying method (46–60%) was found to be statistically lower than samples prepared by convection drying method (58–73%) (p < 0.05). Non‐parametric Spearman correlation coefficient technique was used to evaluate the relationship between the moisture content and shrinkage for drying under different conditions.Practical applicationWith the advancement of image processing technologies, there is significant potential for food safety and preservation. This research will lead to advancements in the fields of food quality and preservation analyses for food manufacturers. Furthermore, this technology can be employed in the food business for quick quality determination for mass production. This research indicates that image processing may be used to evaluate food shrinkage characterization. It is expected that the application of this technology will serve the food sector by optimizing process parameters and energy usage, saving time, and developing sustainable systems, particularly in the large‐scale food industry where mass manufacturing is carried out.
A systematic review on recent trends and perspectives of biosensors in food industries
Authors: Singh Poornima , Pandey Vinay Kumar , Srivastava Shivangi , Singh Rahul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe food industry has inappropriate techniques for process and quality control and requires techniques that can provide information on the physical and chemical properties of food quickly and affordably. Food applications mostly focus on the identification of contaminants, with a few significant analytes, such as sugars, alcohols, amino acids, flavors, and sweeteners, as exceptions. Biosensors can bring about an analytical revolution to address the problems facing the food and agriculture industries. Potential applications for biosensors include contaminant detection, product freshness monitoring, content verification, and raw material conversion monitoring. These studies are costly and time‐consuming due to the extraction or pre‐treatment of samples. This review gives an overview of biosensors with their classification and application in different food industries such as the fruits and vegetable industry, dairy, and meat industries. The application of biosensors in detection, quality assurance, and food safety is discussed in detail with their potential application.
Mutual association between family history of gastric and colorectal cancer and risk of gastric and colorectal cancer
Authors: Jung Yoon Suk , Tran Mai Thi Xuan , Park Boyoung , Moon Chang Mo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimWe evaluated the associations between gastric cancer (GC) family history (FH) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and between CRC FH and GC/gastric adenoma risk.MethodsWe used data of participants who underwent national cancer screening between 2013 and 2014. Participants with GC or CRC FH in first‐degree relatives (n = 1 172 750) and those without cancer FH (n = 3 518 250) were matched 1:3 by age and gender.ResultsOf the 1 172 750 participants with a FH, 871 104, 264 040, and 37 606 had FHs of only GC, only CRC, and both GC and CRC, respectively. The median follow‐up time was 4.8 years. GC and CRC FHs were associated with increased GC and CRC risks, respectively. GC FH was associated with CRC risk (adjusted hazard ratio 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.10), whereas CRC FH was not associated with the risk of GC or gastric adenoma. However, gastric adenoma risk increased 1.62‐fold (95% CI 1.40–1.87) in participants with FHs of both GC and CRC, demonstrating a significant difference with the 1.39‐fold (95% CI 1.34–1.44) increase in participants with only GC FH. Furthermore, GC risk increased by 5.32 times (95% CI 1.74–16.24) in participants with FHs of both GC and CRC in both parents and siblings.ConclusionsGC FH was significantly associated with a 5% increase in CRC risk. Although CRC FH did not increase GC risk, FH of both GC and CRC further increased the risk of gastric adenoma. FHs of GC and CRC may affect each other's neoplastic lesion risk.
Increased risk for microvascular outcomes in NAFLD—A nationwide, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Ebert Thomas , Widman Linnea , Stenvinkel Peter , Hagström Hannes 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a multisystem disease, as it is bidirectionally linked to other cardiometabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the long‐term risk for microvascular outcomes in NAFLD is unclear.MethodsUsing the outpatient part of the nationwide Swedish Patient Register in the time period between 01/01/2002 and 12/31/2019, we identified all individuals with a first NAFLD diagnosis (N = 6785) and matched these (age, sex, and municipality) with up to 10 reference individuals from the general population (N = 61,136). Using population‐based registers, we ascertained the development of microvascular diseases. The primary outcome was defined as a composite outcome of any diagnosis representative of microvascular disease (chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, or neuropathy). As secondary outcomes, we separately examined the risk of each specific microvascular outcome. Hazard ratios (aHR, adjusted for cirrhosis and time‐varying T2D, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) for the outcomes were calculated by Cox proportional‐hazards models.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 5.7 years. The incidence rate of microvascular diseases was >twofold higher in patients with NAFLD (10.8 per 1000 person‐years [95% confidence interval (CI) = 9.9–11.8]) versus reference individuals (4.7 per 1000 person‐years [95%CI = 4.5–4.9]). NAFLD was independently and positively associated with the development of microvascular diseases compared to non‐NAFLD subjects (aHR = 1.45 [95%CI = 1.28–1.63]). When stratifying the analysis by follow‐up time, sex, or age categories, results remain virtually unchanged.ConclusionsNAFLD is positively and independently associated with the development of microvascular diseases. The risk for development of microvascular diseases should be taken into account in the personalized risk assessment of individuals with NAFLD.
Parallel testing of liquid biopsy (ctDNA) and tissue biopsy samples reveals a higher frequency of EZH2 mutations in follicular lymphoma
Authors: Nagy Ákos , Bátai Bence , Kiss Laura , Gróf Stefánia , Király Péter Attila , Jóna Ádám , Demeter Judit , Sánta Hermina , Bátai Árpád , Pettendi Piroska , Szendrei Tamás , Plander Márk , Körösmezey Gábor , Alizadeh Hussain , Kajtár Béla , Méhes Gábor , Krenács László , Timár Botond , Csomor Judit , Tóth Erika , Schneider Tamás , Mikala Gábor , Matolcsy András , Alpár Donát , Masszi András , Bödör Csaba 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRecent genomic studies revealed enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gain‐of‐function mutations, representing novel therapeutic targets in follicular lymphoma (FL) in around one quarter of patients. However, these analyses relied on single‐site tissue biopsies and did not investigate the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics of these alterations.ObjectivesWe aimed to perform a systematic analysis of EZH2 mutations using paired tissue (tumor biopsies [TB]) and liquid biopsies (LB) collected prior to treatment within the framework of a nationwide multicentric study.MethodsPretreatment LB and TB samples were collected from 123 patients. Among these, 114 had paired TB and LB, with 39 patients characterized with paired diagnostic and relapse samples available. The EZH2 mutation status and allele burden were assessed using an in‐house‐designed, highly sensitive multiplex droplet digital PCR assay.ResultsEZH2 mutation frequency was found to be 41.5% in the entire cohort. In patients with paired TB and LB samples, EZH2 mutations were identified in 37.8% of the patients with mutations exclusively found in 5.3% and 7.9% of TB and LB samples, respectively. EZH2 mutation status switch was documented in 35.9% of the patients with paired diagnostic and relapse samples. We also found that EZH2 wild‐type clones may infiltrate the bone marrow more frequently compared to the EZH2 mutant ones.ConclusionThe in‐depth spatio‐temporal analysis identified EZH2 mutations in a considerably higher proportion of patients than previously reported. This expands the subset of FL patients who most likely would benefit from EZH2 inhibitor therapy.
Respiratory muscle training for obstructive sleep apnea: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Silva de Sousa André , Pereira da Rocha Aline , Brandão Tavares Daniela Regina , Frazão Okazaki Jane Érika , de Andrade Santana Márcia Valéria , Fernandes Moça Trevisani Virgínia , Pereira Nunes Pinto Ana Carolina 
Published: June 2023

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is the most common sleep disorder. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of respiratory muscle training in the treatment of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The study protocol was registered in Prospero Platform (CRD42018096980). We performed searches in the main databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via Pubmed; Excerpta Medica dataBASE (Embase) via Elsevier; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) via Cochrane Library; Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) through the Portal of the Virtual Health Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) for all randomised–controlled trials published before July 2022. The randomised–controlled trials were assessed for risk of bias and certainty of evidence. Thirteen randomised–controlled trials were included. All studies had an overall high risk of bias. Inspiratory muscle training probably improves systolic blood pressure and sleepiness when compared with sham. However, inspiratory muscle training probably does not improve diastolic blood pressure and maximum expiratory pressure, and may not be superior to sham for apnea–hypopnea index, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity, sleep quality and quality of life. In addition, it is uncertain whether there is any effect of inspiratory muscle training on maximum inspiratory pressure and physical capacity. Inspiratory muscle training may also improve maximum inspiratory pressure and maximum expiratory pressure compared with oropharyngeal exercises. However, it may not be superior for apnea–hypopnea index, sleep quality, sleepiness, quality of life and functional capacity. When associated with physical exercise, inspiratory muscle training may not be superior to physical exercise alone for maximum inspiratory pressure, maximum expiratory pressure, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and functional capacity. At the same time, when associated with cardiac rehabilitation exercises, inspiratory muscle training may reduce apnea–hypopnea index, improve inspiratory muscle strength, sleepiness and sleep quality compared with cardiac rehabilitation alone. However, it may not be superior for improving quality of life. Regarding expiratory muscle training, it may improve expiratory muscle strength and sleep quality, but not sleepiness when compared with sham. The evidence on the effects of expiratory muscle training in apnea–hypopnea index is very uncertain.
Contextualizing the Diorama Concept in the Development of Time‐Geography
Authors: Ellegård Kajsa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn its early days, Hägerstrand's time‐geography met critique for being physicalistic and not sufficiently considering social aspects. In his article “Diorama, path and project”, Hägerstrand shows that the social dimension is embedded in time‐geography and underlines its ecological ambitions by introducing the “diorama” concept. This reflective article follows the development of the time‐geographic concepts “path” and “project”, both deepening the social dimension. The diorama concept was introduced to contextualize situations wherein humans, animals, plants and things coexist in the time–space, thereby increasing the understanding of how humans and individuals from other populations depend on each other, and how their interaction influence the ecological outcome. Today, the social dimension is integrated in time‐geography. The ecological view deepened in Hägerstrand's research over time and he found that the diorama concept insufficiently captured the time dimension and suggested the concepts “pocket of local order” and “processual landscape”, both setting the diorama in motion.
Valuation of socio‐economic indicators for progressing urban sustainability under distinctive rubrics
Authors: Ghalib Ambreen , Mirza Sahar , Raza Danish , Rafi Ainnee , Ali Farhan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe key objective of the study is to collect the factors which play an important role in the city's sustainability and implementation advantages for the development of cities in future. This article develops an urban sustainability assessment framework by giving GIS‐based decision support tools to guide cities toward sustainability. Multicriteria analysis was used as the decision support system and provides an analytical framework for assessing differences in the level of criteria and ranking decision options. It has the capability for assessment of urban sustainability because it brings sustainability criteria from three pillars of sustainability, environmental, social, and economic, which provide an integrated approach for assessment of urban sustainability. The GIS‐based multicriteria analysis serves as a sustainability support system that maps urban sustainability and the underlying environmental, social, and economic conditions. The results from the study show that the four cities ‐ Faisalabad, Lahore, Gujranwala, and Multan ‐ have better economic conditions while only Lahore and Faisalabad showed social progress and the remaining cities showed less suitability. For the environmental index, none of the cities attained high suitability. Lahore, Faisalabad, and Rawalpindi showed better conditions than Gujranwala and Multan. It is demonstrated that Punjab cities have made progress in economic condition and improvement in social condition but have poor environmental condition. In the study, the environmental dimension has indicators which have more impact on the urban sustainability. Environmental degradation is observed in all selected regions and not a single region showed suitability toward its environmental condition and due to this none of the cities gained suitable scores for urban sustainability. Consequently, urban sustainability is a multidimensional and dynamic process that needs regular evaluation and monitoring. Thus, this article contends that the tools help to highlight and emphasize those areas that need guidance in achieving urban sustainability.
Integrating nutrition assessments and seasonal malaria chemoprevention: Results from a mixed‐methods feasibility study in Guinea
Authors: Keita Mamadou Sitan , Camara Alioune , Daffe Mamady , Fofana Aissata , Balde Mamadou , Diallo Thierno , Barry Hamidou , Fitch Elizabeth , Taton Jean‐Luc , Bangoura Lamine , Mbounga Eliane , Reithinger Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) has become a critical intervention for malaria prevention and control. There is a growing interest to generate evidence that health campaigns such as SMC can be leveraged for integration or co‐administration of other health efforts such as nutritional supplements, immunizations, or vitamin A.ObjectiveWe conducted a pilot study to assess whether nutrition assessments could be integrated into existing SMC programming in two districts in Guinea.MethodsOf 106,480 children under 5 years of age (CU5) who received sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine plus amodiaquine as part of SMC by community drug distributors (CDDs), 2210 had their mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) assessed by CDD supervisors.ResultsOf these, 177 (8.0%) had a MUAC < 125 mm and were therefore classified as acutely malnourished; 161 CU5 were referred to health facilities for follow‐up. Importantly, no drop in SMC programmatic coverage was observed in districts conducting MUAC on top of SMC. Key informant interviews with district officials and focus group discussions with CDD supervisors showed a generally positive effect of integrating MUAC into SMC, although CDD supervisors had concerns about workload with added responsibilities of MUAC assessments.ConclusionIntegrating other health interventions with SMC is accepted—and indeed welcomed—by the population and health workers, and does not result in a drop in SMC programmatic coverage.