bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles against bacterial biofilms: Perspectives and limitations
Authors: Mukherjee Dipro , Sil Moumita , Goswami Arunava , Lahiri Dibyajit , Nag Moupriya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the last few years, there has been a necessary demand in the pharmaceutical industries for finding a treatment against biofilms formed by different bacterial species. We are aware of the fact that classical processes, which are already there for the removal of bacterial biofilms gives a very low efficiency and consequently antimicrobial resistance makes it even worse. To cope up with the cited problems, scientists from the past few years are inclining toward various types of nanoparticle based treatment procedures as a pharmaceutical agent against bacterial biofilms. Nanoparticles are known for their extremely efficient antimicrobial properties. The current review gives a description of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their antibiofilm properties. It also shows a comparative analysis of the nanoparticles and depicts the efficiency rates of biofilm degradation in each of them. It explains the mechanism of the nanoparticles through which the disintegration of bacterial biofilm is carried out. Lastly, the review throws light upon the limitations of different nanoparticles, their safety issues, the mutagenicity, genotoxicity concerns, and toxicity hazards caused by them.
Regional anesthesia is associated with improved metastasis free survival after surgical resection of bone sarcomas
Authors: Abar Bijan , Gao Junheng , Fletcher Amanda N. , Sachs Elizbeth , Wong Andrew H. , Lazarides Alexander L. , Okafor Chinedu , Brigman Brian E. , Eward William C. , Jung Sin‐Ho , Kumar Amanda H. , Visgauss Julia D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that perioperative factors, including type of anesthesia, may be an important consideration regarding oncological disease progression. Previous studies have suggested that regional anesthesia can improve oncological outcomes by reducing the surgical stress response that occurs during tumor resection surgery and that may promote metastatic progression. The purpose of this study is to provide the first robust investigation of the impact of adding regional anesthesia to general anesthesia on oncological outcomes following sarcoma resection. One hundred patients with bone sarcoma were retrospectively analyzed in this study. After adjusting for confounding variables such as age and grade of the tumor, patients with bone sarcoma receiving regional anesthesia in addition to general anesthesia during resection had improved metastasis free survival (multivariate hazard ratio of 0.47 and p = 0.034). Future studies are needed to confer the beneficial effect of regional anesthesia, and to further investigate the potential mechanism. Clinical significance: The results from this study provide evidence that regional anesthesia may be advantageous in the setting of bone sarcoma resection surgery, reducing pain while also improving oncological outcomes and should be considered when clinically appropriate.
Early anthropic occupation and geomorphological changes in South America: human–environment interactions and OSL data from the Rincão I site, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Cheliz Pedro Michelutti , Giannini Paulo Cesar Fonseca , Moreno de Sousa João Carlos , Ladeira Francisco Sergio Bernardes , Rodrigues Juliana Alves , Mingatos Gabriela Sartori , Pupim Fabiano Nascimento , Mineli Thays Desiree , Galhardo Danilo , Rodrigues Robson Antonio 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis article aims to refine the description of the artefacts and the geomorphological, geological, pedological and chronological (optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) analyses of sedimentary deposits) characterisation of the Rincão I site (southeastern Brazil) to contribute to the understanding of early human–environment interactions. The archaeological site occupation took place on hillslopes truncated by the Mogi‐Guaçu River's lateral (~1200 m) and vertical (~5 m) movements during the Late Quaternary, in an area wherein situbedrock outcrops are uncommon. This geological context favoured human groups simultaneously having access to the resources provided by the alluvial plain and hillslopes. Here we describe how about three hundred lithic artefacts are associated with soils that originated from sandy colluvium with OSL ages between 20.3 and 5.5 thousand years. These ages are consistent with the local palaeopedological and geomorphological contexts of landscape changes, and partly controversial from the perspective of models currently in vogue for the human occupation of southeastern Brazil. The vestiges of past human presence amid the hillslope sandy colluvium deposits include: 1) a set of flakes and formal artefacts (one stemmed point and three convex artefacts) made of sandstone obtained from hillslopes near (<10 km) the site; and 2) predominant detritus and flakes of quartz and flint obtained mostly from the adjacent (<1.5 km) alluvial plain, linked to flaking sequences other than those of the formal artefacts. Only quartz artefacts were found in the lower levels of the site stratigraphy, whereas in the intermediate and upper levels quartz, flint and sandstone artefacts were found, suggesting that there were changes in the raw materials used for flaking over time. The formal artefacts from the site have technological attributes like the ones observed in assemblages associated with a previously known lithic industry (Rioclarense), but a different pattern of choice of raw materials. This suggests that technical standards underwent a process of adaptation to the environmental particularities surrounding the Rincão I site.
Persecution and migration experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and other sexual and gender minority asylum seekers
Authors: Lasowski Patrick , Moscicki Olivia , Liu Clifford Z. , Katzenstein Cecilia , Singer Elizabeth K. , Baranowski Kim A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and other sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) asylum seekers are exposed to high rates of persecution. This study aimed to identify the forms of ill treatment and the impact of these experiences on the mental health of 66 self‐identified LGBTQ+ asylum seekers from 24 nations through the analysis of human rights program intakes, sworn declarations, and pro bono forensic psychological evaluation affidavits. The results indicate that participants experienced physical assault (92.4%), harassment and intimidation (84.8%), and sexual assault (56.1%). Psychological sequelae included symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; 83.3%), depression (72.7%), and anxiety (57.6%). LGBTQ+ asylum seekers faced additional hazards upon arrival in the United States. Still, these asylum seekers experienced resilience as they leveraged internal and external support. The results can serve to inform clinical professionals about the range and impact of exposures to harm experienced by LGBTQ+ asylum seekers as well as possible strategies for support and advocacy for this diverse community.
Do phytoplankton require oxygen to survive? A hypothesis and model synthesis from oxygen minimum zones
Authors: Wong Jane C. Y. , Raven John A. , Aldunate Montserrat , Silva Sebastián , Gaitán‐Espitia Juan Diego , Vargas Cristian A. , Ulloa Osvaldo , von Dassow Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is commonly known that phytoplankton have a pivotal role in marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems as carbon fixers and oxygen producers, but their response to deoxygenation has scarcely been studied. Nonetheless, in the major oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs), all surface phytoplankton groups, regardless of size, disappear and are replaced by unique cyanobacteria lineages below the oxycline. To develop reasonable hypotheses to explain this pattern, we conduct a review of available information on OMZ phytoplankton, and we re‐analyze previously published data (flow cytometric and hydrographic) on vertical structure of phytoplankton communities in relation to light and O2 levels. We also review the physical constraints on O2 acquisition as well as O2‐dependent metabolisms in phototrophs. These considerations, along with estimates of the photosynthetic capacity of phytoplankton along OMZ depth profiles using published data, suggest that top‐down grazing, respiratory demand, and irradiance are insufficient to fully explain the vertical structure observed in the upper, more sunlit portions of OMZs. Photorespiration and water–water cycles are O2‐dependent pathways with low O2 affinities. Although their metabolic roles are still poorly understood, a hypothetical dependence on such pathways by the phytoplankton adapted to the oxic ocean might explain vertical patterns in OMZs and results of laboratory experiments. This can be represented in a simple model in which the requirement for photorespiration in surface phytoplankton and O2‐inhibition of OMZ lineages reproduces the observed vertical fluorescence profiles and the replacement of phytoplankton adapted to O2 by lineages restricted to the most O2‐deficient waters. A high O2 requirement by modern phytoplankton would suggest a positive feedback that intensifies trends in OMZ extent and ocean oxygenation or deoxygenation, both in Earth's past and in response to current climate change.
A Robust, Thermally Stable, and Efficiently Reprocessable Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Elastomers Based on Activated Dynamic Silyl Ether Linkages by Neighboring Groups
Authors: Zhang Yuhang , Bai Lu , Xu Zhirui , Chen Siyuan , Zheng Junping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDynamic bonds are usually used to endow thermoset materials with excellent reprocessability. Nevertheless, this strategy sacrifices the thermal stability in most instances. In recent years, the dynamic silyl ether (SiOR) has attracted great attention due to its excellent thermal stability. However, the reprocessability of thermoset materials based on it is far from satisfactory because of the inactive dynamic exchange reaction. Herein, a species of activated silyl ether with neighboring groups is identified via small‐molecule model reaction and the corresponding activation energy is calculated by reaction kinetics for the first time. Based on the activated silyl ether linkages, the poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers with high mechanical strength, effective reprocessability, and thermal stability are further designed and prepared. In a word, this work fills a research gap about the effect of neighboring groups on the dynamic characteristic of silyl ether and provides a theoretical basis for the construction of activated silyl ether linkages, endowing the materials with thermal stability and efficient reprocessability.
Electro‐Responsive Aggregation and Dissolution of Cationic Polymer Using Reversible Redox Reaction of Electron Mediator
Authors: Matsuno Ryohei , Zhou Hongyao , Yamada Teppei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStimuli‐responsive aggregation of polymer chains in water has found a variety of applications in polymer science, biology, and chemical engineering. To date, the majority of the phase transitions between the aggregated and dissolved forms has been observed by changing the solution temperature, and an active and precise control on the phase transition with a high time resolution has been challenging. Herein, a reversible phase transition of poly(allylamine‐co‐allylurea) (PAU) in an aqueous electrolyte is achieved by electrochemical redox cycling of hexacyanoferrate(II/III) ([Fe(CN)6]4−/3−) ion pair. The aggregation and dissolution cycle can be completed in a high‐resolution time frame of as short as 5 s. The strong electrostatic interaction between the protonated primary amino group of PAU and the tetravalent [Fe(CN)6]4− anion induces the aggregation, while the oxidation to the trivalent [Fe(CN)6]3− anion reduces the attractive force, and the polymer chain redissolves in solution. The ureido group of PAU helps the chain‐folding process through the formation of inter/intrachain hydrogen‐bonding networks, resulting in the sharp phase transition. By using [Fe(CN)6]4−/3− as the electron mediator, the electrochemical control on the large transparency change of polymer aqueous solution is realized for the first time.
Design and analysis of MEMS tuning fork gyroscope with dual mode ordering
Authors: Jia Lu , Han Guowei , Wei Zhenyu , Si Chaowei , Ning Jin , Yang Fuhua , Han Weihua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reports a MEMS tuning fork gyroscope which can effectively reduce the acceleration output in both drive and sense directions. The structure adjusts the order of mechanical vibration modes through the design of internal and external lever coupling mechanism, moves the spurious in‐phase mode frequency above the antiphase operating frequency, and provides a large frequency separation between the two modes. It provides true mechanical rejection of external shocks and accelerations. Two comparative tuning fork gyroscopes (TFG) structures are designed, which have traditional coupling in the drive direction and sense direction respectively. Through modal simulation, the internal lever‐coupling brings the antiphase drive mode before the in‐phase drive mode and the external lever‐coupling brings the antiphase sense mode before the in‐phase sense mode. The harmonic response simulation of three stiffness unbalanced TFGs verifies that the mode ordering of two directions can effectively suppress the acceleration output. The results show that the new TFG structure can suppress the acceleration output by more than 80%, and the finite element simulation results are consistent with the theoretical calculation.
Gonadal development and function after immature testicular tissue banking as part of high‐risk gonadotoxic treatment
Authors: Braye Aude , Delgouffe Emily , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Gies Inge , Ferster Alina , Goossens Ellen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundExperimental fertility preservation programs have been started to safeguard the future fertility of prepubertal and pubertal males requiring high‐risk gonadotoxic treatment protocols. However, long‐term follow‐up studies evaluating the effects on their gonadal development and function related to the testicular biopsy procedure are rather limited.DesignThis two‐center follow‐up study (between 2002 and 2020) evaluated the gonadal development and function of a cohort of 59 prepubertal and pubertal males who have been offered immature testicular tissue banking (TTB) prior to conventional high‐risk chemo‐ and/or radiotherapy (HR‐C/R) or conditioning therapy before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (CT‐HSCT). The aim is to investigate the long‐term impact of the testicular biopsy procedure and the high‐risk gonadotoxic treatment. Testicular growth and the reproductive hormones luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), and inhibin B (INHB) were analyzed after treatment completion, and compared between males accepting TTB and those refusing TTB (control) as well as between HR‐C/R and CT‐HSCT treatment protocols.ResultsOf the 59 prepubertal and pubertal males included, 25 were treated by HR‐C/R and 34 required CT‐HSCT. TTB was accepted for 39 males and refused for 20 males. Most patients were prepubertal at diagnosis (85%), at TTB (79%), and at treatment completion (76%), and pubertal or postpubertal at their last follow‐up visit (66%). After 5.0 (1.0–13.0) years post treatment, most patients show normal testicular volumes (83%) and normal LH (89%), FSH (87%), T (87%), and INHB (79%) serum levels. The testicular biopsy procedure did not have an effect on testicular growth, LH, FSH, T, and INHB. Significantly more small postpubertal testicular volumes (p = .0278) and low INHB serum levels (p = .0130) were recorded after CT‐HSCT, especially after myeloablative conditioning.ConclusionThe clinical follow‐up data demonstrate no effect related to the biopsy procedure, but a substantial risk for impaired gonadal development after high‐risk gonadotoxic treatment, in particular myeloablative CT‐HSCT. Longer follow‐up studies with a larger study population are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
An animal glycerol potassium salt without volatile organic compounds emission combined with plasma‐atomization technology and its application in green tires
Authors: Xiao Yao , Xu Zhenchun , Gong Zheng , Zhou Yukun , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a VOC‐free animal glycerol potassium salt is introduced to replace the silane coupling agent, and the plasma is used to treat the modifier and silica. The impact of high‐energy electrons in the plasma increases the contact area between the modifier and silica. Combined with the atomization technology, the velocity difference realizes the microscopic dispersion of silica, the instantaneous thin‐layer drying reduces the oxidation of the rubber chains. XPS and SEM show that the plasma promotes the silanization reaction of silica. FTIR demonstrates that the existence of chemical bonds and hydrogen bonds between potassium oleate (PO) and silica, and there is a crosslinking between PO and sulfur. The PO/Si69‐silica/NR composites prepared by plasma‐atomization technology have better processing fluidity, mechanical properties and lower rolling resistance. The plasma‐atomization technology promotes the silanization reaction of silica, saves energy consumption and reduces dust pollution, meanwhile, the replacement of Si69 by PO reduces VOC emissions and the rolling resistance of the rubber, which provides an innovative idea for the development of green tires.
Gender digital health literacy gap across age: A moderated moderation effect on depression among in‐school adolescents in Ghana during COVID‐19
Authors: Hagan John Elvis , Quansah Frank , Frimpong James B. , Agormedah Edmond K. , Nugba Regina Mawusi , Srem‐Sai Medina , Schack Thomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic amplified the need for digital health literacy aimed at reducing the psychological distress levels of people, including in‐school adolescents. Available evidence suggests the presence of a gender health literacy gap among adolescents in schools in Ghana and beyond. Previous literature has established the role of age in digital health literacy levels. What is unknown is how gender and age interact with digital health literacy levels to influence the levels of depression. This research assessed how gender digital health literacy gap across different age groups relates to the depression levels of adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted using 942 students from secondary schools in Ghana who were sampled using the stratified sampling technique. Study participants completed the digital health literacy scale and World Health Organization (WHO‐5) well‐being index. Results from the two‐way analysis of variance revealed a nonsignificant interaction between age and gender on digital health literacy, with significant main effects for gender and age. Further analysis from the moderated moderation analysis revealed that gender and age interact to moderate the relationship between digital health literacy and depression. The findings of this research stress the need for gender‐age‐specific intervention programs on digital health literacy to moderate depression levels during pandemics and other stressful situations.
Revisiting complex text instruction: A study of 11th‐grade history students
Authors: Paige David D. , Rupley William H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe reading of complex text has become part of the reading curriculum since the introduction of the Common Core State Standards. However, little research has been conducted to determine the effect of complex text instruction on comprehension and fluency in secondary readers. This study randomly assigned 53 11th‐grade US history students to one of two classroom conditions. In one classroom, students were taught using a business‐as‐usual approach while the treatment classroom taught students to use text annotation and writing to improve their understanding of complex texts over a 24‐week period. Students were pre‐ and post‐tested using a standardized reading comprehension assessment and curriculum‐based measurement fluency measures. Results revealed statistically significant improvement favoring the treatment group for both reading comprehension and fluency. Results and implications for instruction are discussed.
Elucidating pathways of polypropylene chain cleavage and stabilization for multiple loop mechanical recycling
Authors: von Vacano Bernhard , Reich Oliver , Huber Gregor , Türkoglu Gazi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMechanical recycling is a decisive contribution for a sustainable circular economy of polypropylene (PP) but faces the challenge of processing‐induced and use‐phase accumulated molecular damage, exacerbated by multiple loop recycling. In this contribution, the molecular origin of degradation of PP under up to 30 repetitive reprocessing loops is analyzed together with the influence of stabilization, and processability data linked to changes of the entire molecular weight distribution. By comparison of experiments with simple Monte Carlo simulations, a coupled mechanism of random scission and shear‐induced cleavage can be inferred, while stabilizing additives effectively protect the material from progressing along this combined degradation pathway.
Atmospheric plasma deposition of conductive and corrosion‐resistant composite coatings for proton exchange membrane fuel cell bipolar plates
Authors: Chemin Jean‐Baptiste , Del Frari Doriane , Ghahramanzadehasl Hadi , Baba Kamal , Leturcq Renaud , Boscher Nicolas D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis and application of conductive and corrosion‐protective composite coatings suitable for the preparation of bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are achieved by a scalable and solvent‐free atmospheric plasma deposition process. Small three‐dimensional (3D) carbon black nanoparticles and large two‐dimensional (2D) natural graphite flakes are investigated independently and together as conductive fillers. It is demonstrated that the dual‐sized conductive fillers strategy traditionally used for the preparation of composite bipolar plates is not transposable for the proposed atmospheric plasma deposition process. Only the composite coatings prepared from large 2D natural graphite flakes enable a significant decrease of the corrosion current in simulated proton exchange membrane fuel cell conditions while ensuring interfacial contact resistance in the order of several tens of mΩ·cm2.