bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Cut-Free, Sound and Complete Russellian Theory of Definite Descriptions
Authors: Indrzejczak Andrzej , Kürbis Nils 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a sequent calculus for first-order logic with lambda terms and definite descriptions. The theory formalised by this calculus is essentially Russellian, but avoids some of its well known drawbacks and treats definite description as genuine terms. A constructive proof of the cut elimination theorem and a Henkin-style proof of completeness are the main results of this contribution.
Towards Proof-Theoretic Formulation of the General Theory of Term-Forming Operators
Authors: Indrzejczak Andrzej 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTerm-forming operators (tfos), like iota- or epsilon-operator, are technical devices applied to build complex terms in formal languages. Although they are very useful in practice their theory is not well developed. In the paper we provide a proof-theoretic formulation of the general approach to tfos provided independently by several authors like Scott, Hatcher, Corcoran, and compare it with an approach proposed later by Tennant. Eventually it is shown how the general theory can be applied to specific areas like Quine’s set theory NF.
Lemmas: Generation, Selection, Application
Authors: Rawson Michael , Wernhard Christoph , Zombori Zsolt , Bibel Wolfgang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNoting that lemmas are a key feature of mathematics, we engage in an investigation of the role of lemmas in automated theorem proving. The paper describes experiments with a combined system involving learning technology that generates useful lemmas for automated theorem provers, demonstrating improvement for several representative systems and solving a hard problem not solved by any system for twenty years. By focusing on condensed detachment problems we simplify the setting considerably, allowing us to get at the essence of lemmas and their role in proof search.
New Clues about light sterile neutrinos: preference for models with damping effects in global fits
Authors: Hardin J. M. , Martinez-Soler I. , Diaz A. , Jin M. , Kamp N. W. , Argüelles C. A. , Conrad J. M. , Shaevitz M. H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article reports global fits of short-baseline neutrino data to oscillation models involving light sterile neutrinos. In the commonly-used 3+1 plane wave model, there is a well-known 4.9σ tension between data sets sensitive to appearance versus disappearance of neutrinos. We find that models that damp the oscillation prediction for the reactor data sets, especially at low energy, substantially improve the fits and reduce the tension. We consider two such scenarios. The first scenario introduces the quantum mechanical wavepacket effect that accounts for the source size in reactor experiments into the 3+1 model. We find that inclusion of the wavepacket effect greatly improves the overall fit compared to a three-neutrino model by ∆χ2/dof = 61.1/4 (7.1σ improvement) with best-fit ∆m2 = 1.4 eV2 and wavepacket length of 67 fm. The internal tension is reduced to 3.4σ. If reactor-data only is fit, then the wavepacket preferred length is 91 fm (> 20 fm at 99% CL). The second model introduces oscillations involving sterile flavor and allows the decay of the heaviest, mostly sterile mass state, ν4. This model introduces a damping term similar to the wavepacket effect, but across all experiments. Compared to a three-neutrino fit, this has a ∆χ2/dof = 60.6/4 (7σ improvement) with preferred ∆m2 = 1.4 eV2 and decay Γ = 0.35 eV. The internal tension is reduced to 3.7σ.For many years, the reactor event rates have been observed to have structure that deviates from prediction. Community discussion has focused on an excess compared to prediction observed at 5 MeV; however, other deviations are apparent. This structure has L dependence that is well-fit by the damped models. Before assuming this points to new physics, we urge closer examination of systematic effects that could lead to this L dependence.
Parallel algorithms for power circuits and the word problem of the Baumslag group
Authors: Mattes Caroline , Weiß Armin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPower circuits have been introduced in 2012 by Myasnikov, Ushakov and Won as a data structure for non-elementarily compressed integers supporting the arithmetic operations addition and $$(x,y) \mapsto x\cdot 2^y$$

(
x
,
y
)

↦
x
·

2
y

. The same authors applied power circuits to give a polynomial time solution to the word problem of the Baumslag group, which has a non-elementary Dehn function.In this work, we examine power circuits and the word problem of the
Baumslag group under parallel complexity aspects. In particular, we
establish that the word problem of the Baumslag group can be solved
in NC$$\textemdash$$
—
even though one of the essential steps is to compare two
integers given by power circuits and this, in general, is shown to
be P-complete. The key observation is that the depth of the
occurring power circuits is logarithmic and such power circuits can
be compared in NC.
Arthroscopic capsular release for frozen shoulder: when etiology matters
Authors: Galasso Olimpio , Mercurio Michele , Luciano Francesco , Mancuso Claudia , Gasparini Giorgio , De Benedetto Massimo , Orlando Nicola , Castricini Roberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeNo therapeutic intervention is universally accepted for frozen shoulder, and the most effective management to restore motion and diminish pain has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate functional and psychological outcomes in patients who underwent arthroscopic capsular release for a frozen shoulder.MethodsA retrospective study with prospective data collection was conducted with 78 patients suffering from frozen shoulder resistance to conservative treatment. Considering the etiology, there were 36 (46.2%) idiopathic, 31 (39.7%) postoperative, and 11 (14.1%) posttraumatic cases. Preoperatively, each patient was evaluated with the range of motion (ROM) assessment and the Constant‐Murley score (CMS). At follow‐up, the 4‐point subjective satisfaction scale (SSS), the ROM assessment, the SF‐12 questionnaire, the numerical rating scale (NRS) for the subjective assessment of pain, the CMS and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were assessed.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 54.2 ± 22.3 months, ROM and CMS showed a statistically significant improvement between pre‐ and postoperative values (all p < 0.001). Before surgery, the mean CMS was 36.9% that of sex‐ and age‐matched healthy individuals, and all patients showed a CMS lower than the normative data. At the final follow‐up visit, the mean CMS was 99.9% that of sex‐ and age‐matched healthy individuals, and 49 (62.8%) patients showed a CMS equal to or higher than the normative data. The mean increase in the CMS was 56.1 ± 8.3 points. The mean SSS, HADS‐A, HADS‐D, and NRS were 3.7 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 1.6, 2.2 ± 1.3, and 2.2 ± 1.0, respectively. All patients returned to their previous level of work and sports activity after 2 and 2.5 months, respectively. The multivariate analysis showed the association between a higher postoperative CMS and the idiopathic etiology of a frozen shoulder (p = 0.004, β = 3.971). No intraoperative complications occurred. Postoperatively, four patients (5.1%) were treated with intra‐articular steroid injections to manage residual symptoms. One patient (1.3%) with a postoperative frozen shoulder showed persistent symptoms and underwent a new successful arthroscopic capsular release.ConclusionHigh patient satisfaction and statistically significant ROM and CMS recovery can be achieved after arthroscopic capsular release to manage frozen shoulder. Better functional outcomes are expected when the etiology is idiopathic. Results can help surgeons identify the patients who will most benefit from surgery and should be discussed with the patient.Level of evidenceIII.
Alternative treatment modality for severe aplastic anemia in a resource-limited setting: a single-institution prospective cohort study from Upper Egypt
Authors: Youssef Mervat A M , Ghazaly Mohammed H , Abdelfattah Mai A 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study compared the efficacy and safety of CsA monotherapy with eltrombopag (E-PAG) + CsA combined treatment in children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). The study including 30 children had SAA. Ten were a retrospective cohort treated with CsA monotherapy. The other 20 were prospective cohort received E-PAG + CsA. All patients were evaluated for partial (PR) and complete (CR) hematological response at 3, 6, and 12 months. overall response (OR), overall survival rates (OS), and treatment safety. OR for the E-PAG patients was 40% after 3 months of therapy. At 6 months, this had increased to 75% with significantly higher CR rate (40%) than in the CsA group (p = 0.0001). After a year of treatment, the CR for the E-PAG + CsA regimen had increased to 50% and the OR to 85%, compared to 20% in the CsA group (p = 0.0001). The OS at 12 months was 100% in the E-PAG+ CsA group compared to 80% in the CsA cohort. At 24 months, the OS in the E-PAG + CsA group was 90%. In conclusion, E-PAG+ CsA was found to be a safe and effective alternative treatment for children with SAA particularly in countries with limited resources.
The novel prognostic nomograms for predicting cancer-specific survival and overall survival in mixed medullary and follicular cell carcinoma: A SEER-based study
Authors: Li Yonghao , Guo Tiantian , Gao Xuefei , Liu Jing 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to evaluate independent predictors of prognosis in patients with mixed medullary and follicular cell carcinoma (MMFCC) and to establish the novel prognostic nomograms in the academic community for 3-, 5-, and 10 year CSS and OS in patients with MMFCC.

Methods
Demographic information, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment information, and survival status information of 200 patients with MMFCC and 6615 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) from 2000 to 2020 in the SEER database were retrospectively analyzed. Independent predictors of prognosis in MMFCC patients were derived using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses after relevant comparisons based on pathologic typing. On this basis, we developed and validated clinical prognostic nomograms and risk-stratified the patient population.

Results
In this study, the clinical information of 200 patients with MMFCC was compared with that of 5947 patients with MTC (NOS) and 668 patients with MTC with amyloid stroma, and there was a significant difference in the relevant variables among the three, with the CSS being 88.5%, 87.5%, and 90.9%, and the OS being 76.5%, 75.4%, and 83.8%. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses yielded that age at diagnosis, presence of distant metastases, thyroidectomy scope, and lymph node dissection status were significantly correlated with the prognosis of patients (P < 0.05), and were independent predictors of CSS and OS for patients with MMFCC, and the Kaplan–Meier survival curves plotted by these factors demonstrated their predictive power for the prognosis of patients with MMFCC. The concordance index of the prognostic nomograms of CSS and OS established on this basis was 0.838 and 0.794, respectively, and the time-dependent area under curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis curve showed that the model had good discriminative ability, accuracy, and clinical applicability.

Conclusions
In this study, we concluded that there are large differences between MMFCC and MTC in terms of demographic information, clinicopathological characteristics, treatment information, and survival status information, and we constructed the novel prognostic nomograms for 3-, 5-, and 10 year CSS and OS for patients with MMFCC with risk stratification, which will help clinicians to develop individualized protocols for their postoperative treatments and follow-ups.
Rapid provision of maps and volcanological parameters: quantification of the 2021 Etna volcano lava flows through the integration of multiple remote sensing techniques
Authors: Proietti Cristina , De Beni Emanuela , Cantarero Massimo , Ricci Tullio , Ganci Gaetana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt active volcanoes recurring eruptive events, erosive processes and collapses modify the edifice morphology and impact monitoring and hazard mitigation. At Etna volcano (Italy) between February and October 2021, 57 paroxysmal events occurred from the South-East Crater (SEC), which is currently its most active summit crater. Strombolian activity and high lava fountains (up to 4 km) fed lava flows towards the east, south and south-west, and caused fallout of ballistics (greater than 1 m in diameter) within 1–2 km from the SEC. The impacted area does not include permanent infrastructure, but it is visited by thousands of tourists. Hence, we rapidly mapped each lava flow before deposits became covered by the next event, for hazard mitigation. The high frequency of the SEC paroxysms necessitated integration of data from three remote sensing platforms with different spatial resolutions. Satellite (Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument, PlanetScope, Skysat and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager) and drone images (visible and thermal) were processed and integrated to extract digital surface models and orthomosaics. Thermal images acquired by a permanent network of cameras of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia were orthorectified using the latest available digital surface model. This multi-sensor analysis allowed compilation of a geodatabase reporting the main geometrical parameters for each lava flow. A posteriori analysis allowed quantification of bulk volumes for the lava flows and the SEC changes and of the dense rock equivalent volume of erupted magma. The analysis of drone-derived digital surface models enabled assessment of the ballistics’ distribution. The developed methodology enabled rapidly and accurate characterisation of frequently occurring effusive events for near real-time risk assessment and hazard communication.
Regular assessment of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels to monitor POEMS syndrome
Authors: Gentile Francesco , Terenghi Fabrizia , Doneddu Pietro Emiliano , De Lorenzo Alberto , Giannotta Claudia , Giordano Andrea , Mazza Rita , Nozza Andrea , Nobile-Orazio Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
To investigate the utility of regular serum VEGF (sVEGF) levels assessment in the monitoring of POEMS syndrome.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed data of 30 patients with POEMS syndrome whose sVEGF was tested regularly every 6 months. sVEGF levels after treatment were measured and correlated with disability (Overall Neuropathy Limitations Scale, ONLS), clinical impairment (measured with the modified Clinical Response Evaluation Scale, mCRES), and relapse-free survival. The ability of sVEGF to predict disease flares during remission and refractory disease was also analysed.

Results
Patients with normalised serum VEGF levels (< 1000 pg/ml) at 6 months showed prolonged relapse-free survival (at 3-year 94% for complete VEGF response, 57% partial, 0% none, p < 0.001) and greater later clinical improvement (median ΔmCRES complete VEGF response -5 vs partial -4, p = 0.019, and vs no VEGF response -2, p = 0.006). After remission, the sensitivity of 6-month sVEGF monitoring in predicting clinical relapse was 58% with a specificity of 100%. In patients refractory to treatment, the sensitivity in predicting further clinical worsening was 15%. In addition, in 25% of the patients in remission and 16% of those refractory to therapy, sVEGF levels only increased at the time of relapse.

Conclusions
Regular sVEGF assessment is a valid biomarker in the prediction of disease reactivation in POEMS syndrome and was particularly useful during the phase of remission.
Aggregation pheromone interrupts death feigning in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Ishikawa Motoya , Matsumura Kentarou , Miyatake Takahisa 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeath feigning is a behavior in which a prey is rendered motionless due to stimulation or threat by a predator. This anti-predator defense mechanism has been observed across a wide range of animal taxa and is considered adaptive. However, long durations of death feigning can decrease opportunities for feeding and reproduction, and therefore is a fitness cost as compared to environments without predators. Because death feigning is thought to be affected by the balance between survival and other fitness costs, selection pressure may drive individuals who are capable of plastic changes in the intensity of death feigning. Pheromones, which are important semiochemicals that affect foraging and reproductive success, may be one of the factors influencing the intensity of death-feigning behavior. In this study, we investigated the effect of an aggregation pheromone on the death-feigning behavior of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. We found that beetles exposed to the pheromone showed a significantly shorter duration of death feigning than beetles that were not exposed to the pheromone. Therefore, our results suggest that an aggregation pheromone can plasticly alter the death-feigning behavior in T. castaneum.
Assessing the relation between financial performance and long-term bank loan interest rates for healthcare providers in the Netherlands: a panel data analysis
Authors: Wackers Erik , Smit Rick , Stadhouders Niek , Jeurissen Patrick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Dutch health system is financed predominantly by commercial bank loans, especially after the market-oriented reform in 2006, when government investment guarantees were abandoned. Commercial capital markets were envisaged to improve efficient capital allocation and management. We analyzed the effects of commercial bank loans on interest rates, investments and allocative efficiency in the Dutch healthcare sector. We aimed to explain variation in interest rates by financial performance of healthcare providers, hypothesizing that the reform reduced interest rates for financially well-performing providers. Using financial data from publicly available annual reports, we explored the effect of financial performance on long-term loan interest rates through pooled linear regressions. Our data showed that financial reserves have steadily increased, although profitability margins have declined since 2011–2013 (depending on the sector). While nominal interest rates have generally declined since 2006, the risk surplus on healthcare loans has steadily increased. Furthermore, we observed no significant relation between the financial performance of healthcare providers and interest rates on capital loans. Maintaining additional financial reserves provided no apparent benefit to capital costs. This suggests that healthcare providers may consider whether financial reserves should be maintained at current levels or can better be used for direct investments. Moreover, healthcare policymakers should evaluate whether the increase in risk surplus combined with an apparent lack of reward for financial scrutiny is a desired outcome of the reform.
Modified conformal extensions
Authors: Hammerl Matthias , Sagerschnig Katja , Šilhan Josef , Žádník Vojtěch 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a geometric construction and characterization of 2n-dimensional split-signature conformal structures endowed with a twistor spinor with integrable kernel. The construction is regarded as a modification of the conformal Patterson–Walker metric construction forn-dimensional projective manifolds. The characterization is presented in terms of the twistor spinor and an integrability condition on the conformal Weyl curvature. We further derive a complete description of Einstein metrics and infinitesimal conformal symmetries in terms of suitable projective data. Finally, we obtain an explicit geometrically constructed Fefferman–Graham ambient metric and show the vanishing of theQ-curvature.
An Estimation Formula for Resonance Frequency Using Sex and Height for Healthy Individuals and Patients with Incurable Cancers
Authors: Hasuo Hideaki , Mori Keita , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Sakuma Hiroko , Ishikawa Hideki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResonance frequency breathing is a technique that involves breathing that maximizes heart rate variability. It is specific to individuals and is determined through a procedure taking approximately 30 min, using a procedure that is often best carried out at specialized medical institutions. This is a physical and time-consuming burden because of hospital visits and measurements, particularly for patients with cancer. Therefore it would be beneficial if a procedure can be found to determine resonance frequency from the patient’s physical characteristics, without the need for special assessment procedures. This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the correlation between individual characteristics and resonance frequency in healthy volunteers. Multiple regression analysis was performed with the measured resonance frequency as the target variable and individual characteristic parameters as explanatory variables. The study aims to build an estimation formula for resonance frequency with some of these parameters and assess its validity. In addition, the validity of the formula’s applicability to patients with incurable cancers is assessed. A total of 122 healthy volunteers and 32 patients with incurable cancers were recruited as participants. The median resonance frequency of 154 participants was six breaths per min. Sex and height were selected as explanatory variables associated with the measured resonance frequency in the volunteers. The estimation formula for resonance frequency using individual characteristics was 17.90—0.07 × height for men and 15.88—0.06 × height for women. Adjusted R-squared values were 0.55 for men and 0.47 for women. When the measured resonance frequency in patients with incurable cancers was six breaths per minute or less, the resonance frequency estimated by this formula was slightly larger than the measured ones. Information on individual characteristics, such as sex and height, which can be easily obtained, was useful to construct an estimation formula for resonance frequency.
Long Non-coding RNA Involved in the Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Zhong Zikan , Li Xintao , Gao Longzhe , Wu Xiaoyu , Ye Yutong , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zeng Qingye , Zhou Changzuan , Lu Xiaofeng , Wei Yong , Ding Yu , Chen Songwen , Zhou Genqing , Xu Juan , Liu Shaowen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent and chronic cardiovascular disorder associated with various pathophysiological alterations, including atrial electrical and structural remodeling, disrupted calcium handling, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, aberrant energy metabolism, and immune dysregulation. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AF.

Objective
This discussion aims to elucidate the involvement of AF-related lncRNAs, with a specific focus on their role as miRNA sponges that modulate crucial signaling pathways, contributing to the progression of AF. We also address current limitations in AF-related lncRNA research and explore potential future directions in this field. Additionally, we summarize feasible strategies and promising delivery systems for targeting lncRNAs in AF therapy.

Conclusion
In conclusion, targeting AF-related lncRNAs holds substantial promise for future investigations and represents a potential therapeutic avenue for managing AF.