bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on hyper‐level of hyper‐heuristic framework for MOTCP
Authors: Guo Junxia , Wang Rui , Han Jinjin , Li Zheng 
Published: September 2023

SummaryHeuristic algorithms are widely used to solve multi‐objective test case prioritization (MOTCP) problems. However, they perform differently for different test scenarios, which conducts difficulty in applying a suitable algorithm for new test requests in the industry. A concrete hyper‐heuristic framework for MOTCP (HH‐MOTCP) is proposed for addressing this problem. It mainly has two parts: low‐level encapsulating various algorithms and hyper‐level including an evaluation and selection mechanism that dynamically selects low‐level algorithms. This framework performs good but still difficult to keep in the best three. If the evaluation mechanism can more accurately analyse the current results, it will help the selection strategy to find more conducive algorithms for evolution. Meanwhile, if the selection strategy can find a more suitable algorithm for the next generation, the performance of the HH‐MOTCP framework will be better. In this paper, we first propose new strategies for evaluating the current generation results, then perform an extensive study on the selection strategies which decide the heuristic algorithm for the next generation. Experimental results show that the new evaluation and selection strategies proposed in this paper can make the HH‐MOTCP framework more effective and efficient, which makes it almost the best two except for one test object and ahead in about 40% of all test objects.
C2 and C1‐Symmetric Camphopyrazole Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes catalyze the Epoxidation of Cyclic Olefins
Authors: Aguilera Tania , Pastrán Jesús , Llovera Ligia , Linden Anthony , Herrera Alberto , Venuti Doménico , Agrifoglio Giuseppe , Dorta Romano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes (1‐6) were prepared in good yields (≥79 %) using enantiopure C2 and C1‐symmetric bidentate N,N‐ligands (L1‐L6) derived from (+)‐camphor. The ligands and complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, IR, and elemental analysis. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses of complexes 3, 4 and 6 confirmed the bidentate coordination modes of ligands L3, L4, and L6 and revealed distorted octahedral coordination geometries around the metal center. Complexes 3 and 6 form conformational isomers depending on the orientation of the substituents of the ligand aryl groups. Preliminary evaluation of the complexes as catalysts for the epoxidation of cyclohexene (81–93 % conversion) and cis‐cyclooctene (66–94 % conversion) with cumyl hydroperoxide and 35 % w/w aqueous hydrogen peroxide (39–73 %) demonstrated their activity for oxygen atom transfer reactions, opening the way for asymmetric epoxidations.
Effective portals to heavy neutral leptons
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Enrique , González-López Manuel , Hernández-García Josu , Hostert Matheus , López-Pavón Jacobo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The existence of right-handed neutrinos, or heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), is strongly motivated by the observation of neutrino masses and mixing. The mass of these new particles could lie below the electroweak scale, making them accessible to low-energy laboratory experiments. Additional new physics at high energies can mediate new interactions between the Standard Model particles and HNLs, and is most conveniently parametrized by the neutrino Standard Model Effective Field Theory, or νSMEFT for short. In this work, we consider the dimension six νSMEFT operators involving one HNL field in the mass range of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(1) MeV < MN<$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(100) GeV. By recasting existing experimental limits on the production and decay of new light particles, we constrain the Wilson coefficients and new physics scale of each operator as a function of the HNL mass.1
Branes and symmetries for $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 3 S-folds
Authors: Etheredge Muldrow , Etxebarria Iñaki García , Heidenreich Ben , Rauch Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We describe the higher-form and non-invertible symmetries of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 S-folds using the brane dynamics of their holographic duals. In cases with enhancement to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetry, our analysis reproduces the known field theory results of Aharony, Seiberg and Tachikawa, and is compatible with the effective action recently given by Bergman and Hirano. Likewise, for two specific $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 theories for which Zafrir has conjectured $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 Lagrangians our results agree with those implied by the Lagrangian description. In all other cases, our results imply novel predictions about the symmetries of the corresponding $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 3 field theories.
A fully solvable model of fermionic interaction in 3 + 1d
Authors: Grable Seth , Weiner Max 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recently, Romatschke found that the poles in O(N) scalar theories do not affect observables such as temperature and pressure. Romatschke went on to show this result holds for marginal, relevant, and irrelevant operators in 3 + 1d O(N) scalar theories. We continue in this direction by studying large-N fermi-interactions in 3 + 1d. To do so, we produce a model of marginally coupled fermi-interactions which is fully renormalizable at large-N. This theory contains poles in the running coupling, however we argue these poles do not affect any physical observables. Further, our theory contains first order phase transition which separates a stable, meta-stable, and unstable phase.
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Isolated Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Kaiser Daniel P. O. , Reiff Tilman , Mansmann Ulrich , Schoene Daniela , Strambo Davide , Michel Patrik , Abdalkader Mohamad , Nguyen Thanh N. , Gawlitza Matthias , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Ringleb Peter A. , Puetz Volker , Gerber Johannes C. , Nagel Simon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The benefit of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with acute symptomatic isolated occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) without involvement of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries is unclear. We aimed to compare clinical and safety outcomes of best medical treatment (BMT) versus EVT + BMT in patients with stroke due to isolated ICA occlusion.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective multicenter study involving patients with isolated ICA occlusion between January 2016 and December 2020. We stratified patients by BMT versus EVT and matched the groups using propensity score matching (PSM). We assessed the effect of treatment strategy on favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤ 2) 90 days after treatment and compared reduction in NIHSS score at discharge, rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 3‑month mortality.

Results
In total, we included 149 patients with isolated ICA occlusion. To address imbalances, we matched 45 patients from each group using PSM. The rate of favorable outcomes at 90 days was 56% for EVT and 38% for BMT (odds ratio, OR 1.89, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.84–4.24; p = 0.12). Patients treated with EVT showed a median reduction in NIHSS score at discharge of 6 points compared to 1 point for BMT patients (p = 0.02). Rates of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (7% vs. 4%; p = 0.66) and 3‑month mortality (11% vs. 13%; p = 0.74) did not differ between treatment groups. Periprocedural complications of EVT with early neurological deterioration occurred in 7% of cases.

Conclusion
Although the benefit on functional outcome did not reach statistical significance, the results for NIHSS score improvement, and safety support the use of EVT in patients with stroke due to isolated ICA occlusion.
Iatrogenic Air Embolisms During Endovascular Interventions: Impact of Origin and Number of Air Bubbles on Cerebral Infarctions
Authors: Schaefer Tabea C. , Greive Svenja , Mencl Stine , Heiland Sabine , Kramer Martin , Möhlenbruch Markus A. , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Bendszus Martin , Vollherbst Dominik F. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cerebral infarctions caused by air embolisms (AE) are a feared risk in endovascular procedures; however, the relevance and pathophysiology of these AEs is still largely unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the origin (aorta, carotid artery or right atrium) and number of air bubbles on cerebral infarctions in an experimental in vivo model.

Methods
In 20 rats 1200 or 2000 highly calibrated micro air bubbles (MAB) with a size of 85 µm were injected at the aortic valve (group Ao), into the common carotid artery (group CA) or into the right atrium (group RA) using a microcatheter via a transfemoral access, resembling endovascular interventions in humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 9.4T system was performed 1 h after MAB injection followed by finalization.

Results
The number (5.5 vs. 5.5 median) and embolic patterns of infarctions did not significantly differ between groups Ao and CA. The number of infarctions were significantly higher comparing 2000 and 1200 injected MABs (6 vs. 4.5; p < 0.001). The infarctions were significantly larger for group CA (median infarction volume: 0.41 mm3 vs. 0.19 mm3; p < 0.001). In group RA and in the control group no infarctions were detected. Histopathological analyses showed early signs of ischemic stroke.

Conclusion
Iatrogenic AEs originating at the ascending aorta cause a similar number and pattern of cerebral infarctions compared to those with origin at the carotid artery. These findings underline the relevance and potential risk of AE occurring during endovascular interventions at the aortic valve and ascending aorta.
A Law of Redundancy Compounds the Problem of Cancer and Precision Medicine
Authors: Singh Rama S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGenetics and molecular biology research have progressed for over a century; however, no laws of biology resembling those of physics have been identified, despite the expectations of some physicists. It may be that it is not the properties of matter alone but evolved properties of matter in combination with atomic physics and chemistry that gave rise to the origin and complexity of life. It is proposed that any law of biology must also be a product of evolution that co-evolved with the origin and progression of life. It was suggested that molecular complexity and redundancy exponentially increase over time and have the following relationship: DNA sequence complexity (Cd) < molecular complexity (Cm) < phenotypic complexity (Cp). This study presents a law of redundancy, which together with the law of complexity, is proposed as an evolutionary law of biology. Molecular complexity and redundancy are inseparable aspects of biochemical pathways, and molecular redundancy provides the first line of defense against environmental challenges, including those of deleterious mutations. Redundancy can create problems for precision medicine because in addition to the issues arising from the involvement of multiple genes, redundancy arising from alternate pathways between genotypes and phenotypes can complicate gene detection for complex diseases and mental disorders. This study uses cancer as an example to show how cellular complexity, molecular redundancy, and hidden variation affect the ability of cancer cells to evolve and evade detection and elimination. Characterization of alternate biochemical pathways or “escape routes” can provide a step in the fight against cancer.
RETRACTED: Validation of the Aldosteronoma Resolution Score as a Predictive Resolution Score of Hypertension After Unilateral Adrenalectomy for Primary Aldosteronism in a North‐African Population
Authors: Saadi Ahmed , Bedoui Mohamed Ali , Zaghbib Selim , Boussaffa Hamza , Mokaddem Seif , Nacef Ibtissem Ben , Ayed Haroun , Bouzouita Abderrazek , Derouiche Amine , Khiari Karima , Chakroun Marouene , Slama Riadh Ben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) is the most frequent surgically curable form of endocrine hypertension. Adrenalectomy is the cornerstone of treatment for UPA, but outcomes after surgery are variable. Aldosteronoma Resolution Score (ARS) is a four‐item predictive score for the cure of hypertension after adrenalectomy for UPA and has been demonstrated to be valid in different populations. We aimed in this study to validate the accuracy of this score in a North‐African population.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2021, the charts of 71 Tunisian patients who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy for UPA were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) criterion. The accuracy of the ARS was determined retrospectively by receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve.ResultsThirty‐four patients (48%) had complete clinical success according to the PASO criteria. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the main determinants of complete clinical success were the absence of diabetes (OR: 5.205), a BMI <30 (OR: 4.930), a number of antihypertensive medications ≤2 (OR: 8.667), a plasma ARR >332 (OR: 4.554) and an ARS score ≥3 (OR: 2.056). Cure rates were, respectively, 21.1, 51.6, and 66.6% for patients with a score ARS 0–1, 2–3, and 4–5. The AUC of the ARS was 0.837.ConclusionThe ARS is a sufficiently predictive score in our North‐African population. It may be used preoperatively to predict the outcome after adrenalectomy in these populations.
Environmental and nutritional assessment of young children’s diets in Norway: comparing the current diet with national dietary guidelines and the EAT-Lancet reference diet
Authors: Wright Ellen Cecilie , van Oort Bob , Bjøntegaard Marie Michaelsen , Carlsen Monica Hauger , Andersen Lene Frost 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Introducing healthy and sustainable diets early in life can promote lifelong healthy dietary patterns with a low environmental impact. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the environmental and nutritional consequences of a dietary change for 2-year-old children in Norway towards healthier dietary patterns.

Methods
Environmental impacts of the current habitual diet among 2-year-olds (n = 1413) were estimated for six impact categories and compared with scenario diets based on the Norwegian food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) and the EAT-Lancet Commission reference diet. Last, we evaluated the nutritional adequacy of the diets against the Norwegian nutrition recommendations for children aged 2–5 years. The current diet was assessed by an FFQ.

Results
Environmental impacts of the current habitual diet were up to two times higher than those of the scenario diets. Compared with the current diet, impacts from the FBDG scenario diet were reduced by 35% for water use and 18% for terrestrial acidification, whereas impacts from the EAT-Lancet scenario diet were reduced by 51% for water use, 57% for terrestrial acidification, 36% for global warming potential and 27% for freshwater eutrophication. Milk and dairy products were the main contributors to environmental impacts in both the current diet and the FBDG scenario diet. The scenario diets were nutritionally adequate and improved the dietary quality among Norwegian 2-year-olds.

Conclusion
Compared to current diets among young children, more plant-based dietary patterns in line with national FBDG or the EAT-Lancet Commission reference diet can improve the nutritional adequacy of diets and simultaneously reduce environmental impacts.
One-year efficacy of a lifestyle behavioural intervention on physical and mental health in people with severe mental disorders: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luciano M. , Sampogna G. , D’Ambrosio E. , Rampino A. , Amore M. , Calcagno P. , Rossi A. , Rossi R. , Carmassi C. , Dell’Osso L. , Bianciardi E. , Siracusano A. , Della Rocca Bianca , Di Vincenzo M. ,   LIFESTYLE Working Group, Del Vecchio Valeria , Malangone Claudio , Mancuso Emiliana , Toni Claudia , Volpicelli Antonio , Andriola Ileana , Selvaggi Pierluigi , Belvederi Murri Martino , Di Stefano Ramona , Pacitti Francesca , Dell’Oste Valerio , Fantasia Sara , Pedrinelli Virginia , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Niolu Cinzia , Fiorillo A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis multicentric randomized controlled trial (RCT), carried out in six Italian University mental health sites, aims to test the efficacy of a six-month psychosocial intervention (LYFESTYLE) on Body Mass Index (BMI), body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, Framingham and HOmeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexes in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Moreover, the efficacy of the intervention has also been tested on several other physical and mental health domains. Patients were randomly allocated to receive the six-month experimental intervention (LIFESTYLE) or a behavioural control intervention. All enrolled patients were assessed at baseline and after one year. We recruited 401 patients (206 in the experimental and 195 in the control group) with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (29.9%), bipolar disorder (43.3%), or major depression (26.9%). At one year, patients receiving the experimental intervention reported an improvement in body mass index, body weight, waist circumference, HOMA-IR index, anxiety and depressive symptoms and in quality of life. Our findings confirm the efficacy of the LIFESTYLE intervention in improving physical and mental health-related outcomes in patients with severe mental illnesses after one year.
Surgeon’s narcissism, hostility, stress, bullying, meaning in life and work environment: a two-centered analysis
Authors: El Boghdady Michael , Ewalds-Kvist Béatrice Marianne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Disruptive physician behaviour can affect patients’ safety. If surgical trainees throughout higher education experience disruptive behaviour, impaired work-life may follow. Therefore, we aimed to study surgeons' level of narcissism (N), hostility, and stress in relation to their work environment and potential experience of bullying. We also scrutinized search for or presence of meaning in life.

Methods
General surgeons in UK National Health Service from 2 hospitals participated with 3 levels of training: junior trainees (JT), senior trainees (ST), and consultants (CONS). Participants completed 52 VAS-formed questions plus demographics. Modified questionnaires were used for assessments of ‘hostility’, ‘narcissism’, meaning in life, quality of work-life, and bullying.

Results
Altogether 33% of surgeons displayed narcissism and 22% could exhibit disruptive behaviour. By MANOVA significant differences between low, medium, and high narcissism groups were revealed in hostility (p<.01), perceived stress (p=.001), and presence of meaning in life (p<.05). Regression analyses explained hostility both by N-scale (p=.000) and ‘being bullied during training’(p=.009) but negatively by ‘presence of meaning in life’(p=.004). Surgeons’ perceived stress was explained both by N-scale (p=.000) followed by ‘seeing others bullied during training (p=.000) and negatively by ‘working extra days beyond schedule’ (p=.007). The presence of meaning in life was explained mostly by good beneficial stress (p= .000) but negatively both by ‘doing extra work beyond schedule’ (p= .016) and hostility (p= .003).

Conclusion
Surgeons may exhibit disruptive behaviour in a challenging situation. The narcissim-scale was the best predictor of hostility and perceived stress. Being bullied during surgical training predicted hostility. Seeing others being bullied during surgical training predicted stress. Beneficial stress is explained best by surgeons’ experience of the presence of meaning in life.
Impact of mental health components on the development of back pain in young adults with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Lau Kenney Ki Lee , Kwan Kenny Yat Hong , Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Law Karlen Ka Pui , Cheung Kenneth Man Chee 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Back pain occurs commonly in adults and is multifactorial in nature. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and intensity of back pain during young adulthood in subjects with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), as well as factors that may be associated with its prognosis.

Methods
Subjects with AIS aged 20–39 treated conservatively were included in this study. Patient-reported outcome measures in adulthood involved episodes of back pain, and scales of self-image, depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, pain, self-image, and mental health scores were retrieved at the first clinic consultation. Occurrence of back pain was defined as a numeric pain rating scale ≥ 6.

Results
101 participants were enrolled. The prevalence of back pain in the lifetime, past 12 months, past 6 months, past 1 month, past 7 days, and past 24 h were 37%, 35%, 31%, 27%, 23%, and 20%, respectively. Male, self-image, and depression were significant associated factors for the development of back pain at all time points. Furthermore, the analyses of the initial presentation of participants have shown that participants with back pain in adulthood were characterised by poor self-image and mental health during their adolescence.

Conclusion
The present study addressed the natural history of back pain in young adults with conservatively treated AIS. Psychological makeup has been shown to constitute the development of back pain and is strongly hinted as an early sign of having back pain in adulthood among subjects with AIS.
Effect of Tube-to-Pellet Diameter Ratio on Turbulent Hydrodynamics in Packed Beds: A Magnetic Resonance Velocity Imaging Study
Authors: Elgersma Scott V. , Sederman Andrew J. , Mantle Michael D. , Guédon Constant M. , Wells Gary J. , Gladden Lynn F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe hydrodynamics in packed reactors strongly influences reactor performance. However, limited experimental techniques are capable of non-invasively measuring the velocity field in optically opaque packed beds at the turbulent flow conditions of commercial relevance. Here, compressed sensing magnetic resonance velocity imaging has been applied to investigate the hydrodynamics of turbulent flow through narrow packed beds of hollow cylindrical catalyst support pellets as a function of the tube-to-pellet diameter ratio, $$N$$
N
, for $$N=$$

N
=

2.3, 3.7, and 4.8. 3D images of time-averaged velocity for the gas flow through the beds were acquired at constant Reynolds number, $$R{e}_{\mathrm{p}}=$$

R

e
p

=

2500, at a spatial resolution of 0.70 mm ($$\tt x$$
x
) $$\times$$
×
0.70 mm ($$\tt y$$
y
) $$\times$$
×
1.0 mm ($$\tt z$$
z
). The resulting flow images give insight into the bed and pellet scale hydrodynamics, which were systematically compared as a function of $$N$$
N
. Some changes in hydrodynamics with $$N$$
N
were observed. Namely, the near-wall hydrodynamics changed with $$N$$
N
, with the $$N=$$

N
=

4.8 bed showing higher velocity at the wall compared to the $$N=$$

N
=

2.3 and $$N=$$

N
=

3.7 beds. Further, in the $$N=$$

N
=

3.7 bed, channels of high velocity, termed flow lanes, were found 1.3 particle diameters from the wall, possibly due to the bed structure in this particular bed. At the pellet scale, the hydrodynamics were found to be independent of $$N$$
N
. The results reported here demonstrate the capability of magnetic resonance velocity imaging for studying turbulent flows in packed beds, and they provide fundamental insight into the effect of $$N$$
N
on the hydrodynamics.