bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass Sportrometry: An annual look back at applications of mass spectrometry in sport and exercise science
Authors: Ong Marilyn LY , Green Christopher G , Rowland Samantha N , Heaney Liam M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch in sport and exercise science (SES) is reliant on robust analyses of biomarker measurements to assist with the interpretation of physiological outcomes. Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical approach capable of highly sensitive, specific, precise, and accurate analyses of a range of biomolecules, many of which are of interest in SES including, but not limited to, endogenous metabolites, exogenously administered compounds (e.g. supplements), mineral ions, and circulating/tissue proteins. This annual review provides a summary of the applications of MS across studies investigating aspects related to sport or exercise in manuscripts published, or currently in press, in 2022. In total, 93 publications are included and categorized according to their methodologies including targeted analyses, metabolomics, lipidomics, proteomics, and isotope ratio/elemental MS. The advantageous analytical opportunities afforded by MS technologies are discussed across a selection of relevant articles. In addition, considerations for the future of MS in SES, including the need to improve the reporting of assay characteristics and validation data, are discussed, alongside the recommendation for selected current methods to be superseded by MS‐based approaches where appropriate. The review identifies that a targeted, mostly quantitative, approach is the most commonly applied MS approach within SES, although there has also been a keen interest in the use of ‘omics’ to perform hypothesis‐generating research studies. Nonetheless, MS is not commonplace in SES at this time, but its use to expand, and possibly improve, the analytical options should be continually considered to exploit the benefits of analytical chemistry in exercise/sports‐based research. Overall, it is exciting to see the gradually increasing adoption of MS in SES and it is expected that the number, and quality, of MS‐based assays in SES will increase over time, with the potential for 2023 to further establish this technique within the field.
Ein mechanisch konsistenter Ansatz für den Stabilitätsnachweis für Holzträger unter Druck und Biegung um die starke Achse, Teil 1 – Herleitungen
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Wilden Vera , Hoffmeister Benno 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDer Stabilitätsnachweis von schlanken, auf Biegung um die starke Achse beanspruchten Holzträgern kann mit einer nichtlinearen Computerberechnung oder nach dem Ersatzstabverfahren erfolgen. Jedoch im Vergleich zu einem Querschnittsnachweis nach Theorie 2. Ordnung mit Ersatzimperfektionen führt der Bauteilnachweis für Biegedrillknicken mit Reduktionsfaktoren nach den derzeitigen Regeln zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Nachweisverfahren näher untersucht. Im ersten Teil wird ein mechanisch konsistenter Ansatz für Knickkurven des Biegeknickens und Biegedrillknickens unter Verwendung eines geeigneten eigenformaffinen Imperfektionsansatzes vorgestellt, dessen Ergebnisse mit einer geometrisch nichtlinearen Berechnung nach Theorie 2. Ordnung übereinstimmen. Es wird dargelegt, dass auch die Effekte aus Plastizierung berücksichtigt werden können. Im zweiten Teil des Beitrags wird über Ergebnisse von Versuchen zum Biegedrillknicken von Brettschichtholz‐ und Furnierschichtholzträgern mit weitestgehend idealen Randbedingungen und richtungstreuer Lasteinleitung berichtet. Daraus können weitere Imperfektionsgrößen bestätigt oder modifiziert werden, mit denen der hier vorgestellte Knickkurvenansatz für das Biegedrillknicken bedient werden kann.
Targeting a novel apoptotic pathway in human disease
Authors: D'Addio Francesca , Montefusco Laura , Lunati Maria Elena , Pastore Ida , Assi Emma , Petrazzuolo Adriana , Marin Virna , Bruckmann Chiara , Fiorina Paolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractApoptotic pathways have always been regarded as a key‐player in preserving tissue and organ homeostasis. Excessive activation or resistance to activation of cell death signaling may indeed be responsible for several mechanisms of disease, including malignancy and chronic degenerative diseases. Therefore, targeting apoptotic factors gained more and more attention in the scientific community and novel strategies emerged aimed at selectively blocking or stimulating cell death signaling. This is also the case for the TMEM219 death receptor, which is activated by a circulating ligand, the Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and induces a caspase‐8‐dependent apoptosis of the target cells. Interestingly, stimulation of the IGFBP3/TMEM219 axis exerts an anti‐proliferative effect, while blockade of the TMEM219 deleterious signal protects TMEM219‐expressing cells of the endocrine pancreas, lung, and intestine from damage and death. Here, we summarize the most updated reports on the role of the IGFBP3/TMEM219 apoptotic axis in disease conditions, including intestinal disorders and diabetes, and we describe the advancements in designing and testing novel TMEM219‐based targeting approaches in emerging potential clinical applications.
Explaining the optimistic performance evaluation of newly proposed methods: A cross‐design validation experiment
Authors: Nießl Christina , Hoffmann Sabine , Ullmann Theresa , Boulesteix Anne‐Laure 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe constant development of new data analysis methods in many fields of research is accompanied by an increasing awareness that these new methods often perform better in their introductory paper than in subsequent comparison studies conducted by other researchers. We attempt to explain this discrepancy by conducting a systematic experiment that we call “cross‐design validation of methods”. In the experiment, we select two methods designed for the same data analysis task, reproduce the results shown in each paper, and then reevaluate each method based on the study design (i.e., datasets, competing methods, and evaluation criteria) that was used to show the abilities of the other method. We conduct the experiment for two data analysis tasks, namely cancer subtyping using multiomic data and differential gene expression analysis. Three of the four methods included in the experiment indeed perform worse when they are evaluated on the new study design, which is mainly caused by the different datasets. Apart from illustrating the many degrees of freedom existing in the assessment of a method and their effect on its performance, our experiment suggests that the performance discrepancies between original and subsequent papers may not only be caused by the nonneutrality of the authors proposing the new method but also by differences regarding the level of expertise and field of application. Authors of new methods should thus focus not only on a transparent and extensive evaluation but also on comprehensive method documentation that enables the correct use of their methods in subsequent studies.
A comparison of fixed momentary differential reinforcement of other behavior to variable momentary differential reinforcement of other behavior to reduce challenging behavior
Authors: Wilder David A. , Sheppard Christina , Ingram Grant 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDifferential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) is commonly used to reduce behavioral excesses. Momentary DRO schedules involve delivery of reinforcement contingent upon the absence of the target behavior at a given moment. Two variations of momentary DRO exist: fixed‐momentary (FM) DRO and variable‐momentary (VM) DRO. In the current study, we directly compared FM‐DRO and VM‐DRO schedules to reduce challenging behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement exhibited by four children with autism spectrum disorder. The results suggest that both the DRO schedules were equally effective to reduce challenging behavior. A social validity measure showed that most caregivers rated the VM‐DRO as a preferred schedule and noted the potential for FM‐DRO schedule to become more discriminable over time, which could reduce its effectiveness. However, most caregivers also commented that the FM‐DRO schedule was easier to implement.
The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of symptomatic avascular necrosis of bone among Chinese pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hoo Calvin Pui Lun , Leung Alex Wing Kwan , Chan Joyce Pui Kwan , Cheung Yin Ting , Cheng Frankie Wai Tsoi , Chow Terry Tin Wai , Lam Grace Kee See , Ha Sau Yin , Chiang Alan Kwok Shing , Li Rever Chak Ho , Li Chi Kong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAvascular necrosis (AVN) of bone is a debilitating complication of pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). While it is extensively studied and reported in Western population, studies focused on Orientals are limited. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of AVN among Chinese children with ALL.MethodsThis study is a retrospective, territory‐wide population‐based cohort study of pediatric patients with ALL enrolled on one of the three consecutive ALL study protocols (ALL‐IC‐BFM 2002, CCLG‐ALL 2008, and CCCG‐ALL 2015).ResultsA total of 24 out of 533 pediatric subjects with ALL (4.5%) had symptomatic AVN. Age was the single most important risk factor associated with the development of AVN. Only three patients were below age of 10 at the time of diagnosis of ALL. The incidences of AVN in patients aged above and below 10 years were 18.2% ± 3.6% and 0.8% ± 0.5%, respectively, and were significantly different (p < 0.005). Treatment protocol, immunophenotype, and gender were not predictive of AVN. Among the 24 patients, five required orthopedic interventions in view of progressive and severe disease. For subjects with hip joints involvement, follow‐up assessments showed 12 of 22 hip joints had radiological progression over a median duration of 3.63 years. Seventeen of them did not have pain at the latest follow‐up and among patients with pain (n = 7), five did not experience any limitation on activities of daily living while two required use of walking aids or wheelchair.ConclusionThe incidence of symptomatic AVN in Chinese ALL patients was comparable to other studies in Western population. Adolescent age more than 10 years old was recognized to be the most important factor for development of AVN. Significant proportion of patients had radiological progression over time with a small percentage of subjects had daily activities affected.
MAPK4 predicts poor prognosis and facilitates the proliferation and migration of glioma through the AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Ren Jing , Zheng Shijun , Zhang Lei , Liu Jia , Cao Haowei , Wu Sicheng , Xu Yixin , Sun Jinmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMitogen‐activated protein kinase 4 (MAPK4) is an atypical member of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. We report here that MAPK4 is overexpressed in glioma. The clinical significance, biological roles and underlying molecular mechanisms through which MAPK4 acts in glioma remain unclear.MethodsAnalysis of MAPK4 expression and associated survival in glioma patients was performed based on data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases and confirmed in human glioma tissue by immunohistochemistry. MAPK4 function and pathway enrichment were analyzed through Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO). The viability and migration ability of MAPK4‐silenced glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells were evaluated using CCK8 and transwell assays, respectively, and cell cycle and apoptosis analyses were performed using flow cytometry. Immunoblotting was used to analyze the protein level in MAPK4 knockdown glioma cells. We also analyzed the correlation of MAPK4 expression with immune infiltration and immune checkpoints in glioma.ResultsMAPK4 was overexpressed in IDH wild‐type (wt) and 1p/19q non‐codeletion gliomas. MAPK4 expression predicted poor prognosis of glioma patients. MAPK4 was significantly related to functional states, including stemness, metastasis, cell cycle, differentiation and proliferation, in glioma at single‐cell resolution. MAPK4 silencing inhibited proliferation and migration and induced G1 cell cycle arrest in glioma cells via the AKT/mTOR pathway. In vivo, MAPK4 knockdown markedly suppressed the growth of primary glioma. In addition, MAPK4 expression correlated negatively with the infiltration of plasmacytoid DC cells, CD8+ T cells and T helper cells. Moreover, MAPK4 expression correlated positively with expression of the main immunoinhibitor checkpoint molecules and some chemokines in glioma.ConclusionMAPK4 functions as a prognostic indicator in glioma and promotes the proliferation and migration of GBM cells through the AKT/mTOR pathway. MAPK4 may participate in immune infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoints in the glioma microenvironment.
Neurocognitive test performance following cancer among middle‐aged and older adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and the SOL‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging Ancillary Study
Authors: Parada Humberto , Pichardo Margaret S. , Gallo Linda C. , Talavera Gregory A. , McDaniels‐Davidson Corinne , Penedo Frank J. , Lee David J. , Tarraf Wassim , Garcia Tayna P. , Daviglus Martha L. , González Hector M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients and survivors often experience acute cognitive impairments; however, the long‐term cognitive impact remains unclear particularly among Hispanics/Latinos. We examined the association between cancer history and neurocognitive test performance among middle‐aged and older Hispanic/Latinos.MethodsParticipants included 9639 Hispanic/Latino adults from the community‐based and prospective Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. At baseline (2008–2011; V1), participants self‐reported their cancer history. At V1 and again at a 7‐year follow‐up (2015–2018; V2), trained technicians administered neurocognitive tests including the Brief‐Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B‐SEVLT), Word Fluency Test (WF), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSS). We used survey linear regression to estimate the overall, sex‐specific, and cancer site‐specific [i.e., cervix, breast, uterus, and prostate] adjusted associations between cancer history and neurocognitive test performance at V1 and changes from V1 to V2.ResultsAt V1, a history of cancer (6.4%) versus no history of cancer (93.6%) was associated with higher WF scores (β = 0.14, SE = 0.06; p = 0.03) and global cognition (β = 0.09, SE = 0.04; p = 0.04). Among women, a history of cervical cancer predicted decreases in SEVLT‐Recall scores (β = −0.31, SE = 0.13; p = 0.02) from V1 to V2, and among men, a history of prostate cancer was associated with higher V1 WF scores (β = 0.29, SE = 0.12; p = 0.02) and predicted increases in SEVLT‐Sum (β = 0.46, SE = 0.22; p = 0.04) from V1 to V2.ConclusionAmong women, a history of cervical cancer was associated with 7‐year memory decline, which may reflect the impacts of systemic cancer therapies. Among men, however, a history of prostate cancer was associated with improvements in cognitive performance, perhaps due in part to engaging in health promoting behaviors following cancer.
Impacts of pre‐existing diabetes mellitus on colorectal cancer in a mice model
Authors: Lv Yangbo , Lin Shuiquan , Liu Mingsheng , Wang Lihui , Wang Xiaoyu , Cui Li , Xu Jianguang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough diabetes mellitus (DM) is regarded as a risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC), the impacts of pre‐existing DM on CRC without drug intervention remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on colorectal cancer (CRC). And, to further explore the influencing factors and the mechanisms of DM affects CRC progression.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the effects of DM on CRC progression in a streptozotocin‐induced DM mice model. Furthermore, we evaluated the change of T cells levels using flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence. We assessed the alternation of gut microbiome and the transcriptional response using 16s rRNA sequencing and RNA‐seq.ResultsResults showed that the mice survival time was significantly decreased in CRC complicated with DM group (DM‐CRC), compared with only tumor bearing mice (CRC group). Furthermore, we found that DM could affect the immune response by changing the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and mucosal‐associated invariant T cell (MAIT) in the CRC progression. In addition, DM could induce gut microbiome dysbiosis and change the transcriptional response in CRC complicated with DM.ConclusionFor the first time, the effects of DM on CRC were systematically characterized in a mice model. Our findings highlight the effects of pre‐existing DM on CRC, and these findings should facilitate further studies in exploring and developing potentially targeted therapy for CRC in diabetic patients. Our results suggest that the effects induced by DM should be considered in the treatment for CRC complicated with DM patients.
Acute supratentorial subdural hematoma after craniocervical junction arachnolysis in a patient with posttraumatic syringomyelia; case report and literature review
Authors: Eghbal Keyvan , Farrokhi Majid Reza , Mousavi Seyed Reza , Shahpari Motlagh Mohammadhadi Amir , Kazeminezhad Ali , Ghaffarpasand Fariborz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn patients with SAA rapid CSF drainage while performing durotomy must be avoided by utilizing cotton pads and lowering the head level to avoid catastrophic complications.
Altered cytoplasmic and nuclear ADP‐ribosylation levels analyzed with an improved ADP‐ribose binder are a prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Schraml Peter , Aimi Fabio , Zoche Martin , Aguilera‐Garcia Domingo , Arnold Fabian , Moch Holger , Hottiger Michael O 
Published: March 2023

AbstractADP‐ribosylation (ADPR) of proteins is catalyzed by ADP‐ribosyltransferases, which are targeted by inhibitors (i.e. poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors [PARPi]). Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells are sensitive in vitro to PARPi, studies on the association between ADPR levels and somatic loss of function mutations in DNA damage repair genes are currently missing. Here we observed, in two clear cell RCC (ccRCC) patient cohorts (n = 257 and n = 241) stained with an engineered ADP‐ribose binding macrodomain (eAf1521), that decreased cytoplasmic ADPR (cyADPR) levels significantly correlated with late tumor stage, high‐ISUP (the International Society of Urological Pathology) grade, presence of necrosis, dense lymphocyte infiltration, and worse patient survival (p < 0.01 each). cyADPR proved to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.001). Comparably, absence of nuclear ADPR staining in ccRCC correlated with absence of PARP1 staining (p < 0.01) and worse patient outcome (p < 0.05). In papillary RCC the absence of cyADPR was also significantly associated with tumor progression and worse patient outcome (p < 0.05 each). To interrogate whether the ADPR status could be associated with genetic alterations in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and histone modulation, we performed DNA sequence analysis and identified a significant association of increased ARID1A mutations in ccRCCcyADPR+++/PARP1+ compared with ccRCCcyADPR−/PARP1− (31% versus 4%; p < 0.05). Collectively, our data suggest the prognostic value of nuclear and cytoplasmic ADPR levels in RCC that might be further influenced by genetic alterations.
Explainable AI for DBA: Bridging the DBA's experience and machine learning in tuning database systems
Authors: Ouared Abdelkader , Amrani Moussa , Schobbens Pierre‐Yves 
Published: March 2023

SummaryRecently artificial intelligence techniques in the database community have become a driver for many database applications. The proposed solution adopting AI in the core database shows that incorporating AI improves the query processing and the self‐tuning of database systems. In traditional systems, self‐tuning database systems are commonly addressed with heuristics to suggest the physical structures (e.g., creation of indexes and materialized views) that enable the fastest execution of queries. However, existing designer tools do not explain/justify how the system behaves and the reasoning behind tuning activities. Moreover, these tools do not keep the database administrator (DBA) in the loop of the optimization process to trust some of the automatic tuning decisions. To address this problem, we introduce a framework called Explain‐Tun that enables to predict and explain self‐tuning actions with transparent strategy from historical data using two explicit models, that is, decision tree and random forests. First, we propose AI‐based DBMS to explain how to select physical structures and provide decision rules extracted by machine learning (ML) as a designed plug‐gable component. Second, a goal‐oriented model to keep DBA in the loop of the optimization process in order to manipulate ML models as CRUD entities. Finally, we evaluate our approach on three use cases, results show that bridging the DBA's experience and ML make sense in tuning database systems.
Performance and Stability of Aemion and Aemion+ Membranes in Zero‐Gap CO2 Electrolyzers with Mild Anolyte Solutions
Authors: Mardle Peter , Gangrade Apurva , Saatkamp Torben , Jiang Zhengming , Cassegrain Simon , Zhao Nana , Shi Zhiqing , Holdcroft Steven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe dependence of performance and stability of a zero‐gap CO2 electrolyzer on the properties of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) is examined. This work firstly assesses the influence of the anolyte when using an Aemion membrane and then shows that when using 10 mM KHCO3, a CO2 electrolyzer using a next‐generation Aemion+ membrane can achieve lower cell voltages and longer lifetimes due to increased water permeation. The impact of lower permselectivity of Aemion+ on water transport is also discussed. Using Aemion+, a cell voltage of 3.17 V at 200 mA cm−2 is achieved at room temperature, with a faradaic efficiency of >90 %. Stable CO2 electrolysis at 100 mA cm−2 is demonstrated for 100 h, but with reduced lifetime at 300 mA cm−2. However, the lifetime of the cell at high current densities is shown to be increased by improving water transport characteristics of the AEM and reducing dimensional swelling, as well as by improving cathode design to reduce localized dehydration of the membrane.
A new single‐phase multilevel inverter with improved modulation technique
Authors: Nageswar Rao Bhukya , Suresh Y , Shiva Naik Banavath , Aditya K , K Panda A 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis article proposes a seventeen‐level (17L) inverter with a common leg configuration and an improved modulation technique. The proposed inverter uses only 10 switches, one toroidal core transformer, and one dc source. Therefore, the proposed design offers less control complexity with reduced cost and volume. Additionally, the suggested modulation technique improves the load voltage quality by minimizing the harmonic content. Simulation and laboratory studies are performed to confirm the proficiency of the suggested inverter with a new modulation technique. Further, a thorough comparison with recent transformer‐based circuits is carried out to highlight the benefits of the proposed structure.