bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significant cocoon emission and photosphere duration stretching in GRB 211211A: a burst from a neutron star - black hole merger
Authors: Meng Yan-Zhi , Wang Xiangyu , Liu Zi-Ke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The radiation mechanism (thermal photosphere
or magnetic synchrotron) and the progenitor of gamma-ray burst (GRB) are under hot debate. Recently discovered, the prompt long-duration (~ 10 s, normally from the collapse of massive stars) property of GRB 211211A strongly conflicts with
its association with a kilonova (normally from the merger of two compact objects, NS-NS, NS-BH, or NS-WD, duration ≤ 2 s). In this paper, we find the probability photosphere model with a structured jet can satisfactorily explain this peculiar long duration, through the duration stretching effect (~ 3 times) on the intrinsic longer (~ 3 s) duration of NS-BH (neutron star and black hole) merger, the observed empirical 2SBPL spectrum (with soft low-energy index α of ~ -1) and its evolution. Also, much evidence of the NS-BH merger origin is found, especially the well fit of the afterglow-subtracted optical-NIR light curves by the significant thermal cocoon emission and the sole thermal "red" kilonova component. Finally, a convincing new explanation for the X-ray afterglow plateau is revealed.
Endodontic management of fusion with a complex root canal anatomy in mandibular posterior teeth
Authors: Xu Laijun , Zhang Jianying , Wang Xiangzhu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To report a developmental-related tooth that the mandibular first molar fused to the second molar with seven canals and treated with a conservative option.
Methods
CBCT images were used for analyzing the complex morphoanatomy in coronal and root canal systems. The tooth was isolated with a rubber dam and seven canal orifices were identified. Root canal treatment under a microscope was carried out.
Results
The tooth was diagnosed as an anomalous fused mandibular molar with chronic apical periodontitis and the root canal treatment was successful.
Conclusions
We reported a rare case of fusion involving permanent mandibular molars and CBCT is a critical aid in efficiently diagnosing and understanding such an anatomically abnormal tooth.
Clinical Relevance
This study suggests CBCT analysis is important for understanding the abnormal structure and guiding for treating such a malformed tooth before operation. This study also provides a rare and interesting case for endodontics.
Estimating efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV prevention in cisgender women with partial adherence.
Authors: Stansfield Sarah , Donnell Deborah , Boily Marie-Calude , Mitchell Kate , Anderson Peter , Delany-Moretlwe Sinead , Bekker Linda-Gail , Mgodi Nyaradzo , Celum Connie , Dimitrov Dobromir , Moore Mia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) is effective for HIV prevention. The adherence-efficacy relationship in men and transgender women who have sex with men (MSM/TGW) has been established by measuring tenofovir diphosphate concentrations (TFV-DP) in cases and controls. We calculate this adherence-efficacy curve for cisgender women using HIV incidence and plasma tenofovir concentrations from three trials (FEMPrEP, VOICE, and Partners PrEP). We impute TFV-DP concentrations from plasma tenofovir quantification using data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 082, which collected both adherence measures. We estimate two, four, or seven pills per week is associated with reductions in HIV incidence of 59% (95% credible interval 30% - 96%), 84% (95% CI: 52% - 100%), and 96% (95% CI: 73% - 100%), respectively. High adherence confers high protection in cisgender women, similar to MSM/TGW, and partial adherence confers only slightly lower protection.
Modification of rice husk with ultrasound-assisted Inorganic treatment and application in the catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4
Authors: Ababaii Mohammad Amin , Gilani Neda , Pasikhani Javad Vahabzadeh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rice husk is a massive byproduct of the agricultural sector, but less effort has been paid for its recycling. In this study, ultrasound-assisted inorganic treatment with HNO3, H2SO4, and H2O2 was adopted to modify rice husk as a biomass catalyst. The activity of produced biomass catalyst was assessed in hydrogen production through the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride in an alkaline solution. The characterization of as-prepared biomass catalysts revealed that HNO3 was an efficient agent to protonate the surface of rice husk and make active sites available for the hydrolysis reactions. In addition, ultrasound-assisted HNO3 treatment caused a constructive effect on the structural property of rice husk and increased the surface area from 1.9 m2.gr− 1 to 17 m2.gr− 1 and pore volume from 0.45 cm3.gr− 1 to 3.9 cm3.gr− 1. According to optimum synthesizing conditions (45 wt% HNO3 and 10 min ultrasonication), ARH-N45-10 could produce 745 ml.gr− 1 hydrogen from the alkaline solution of NaBH4 at ambient conditions. Based on the kinetic study, the catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 by modified rice husk followed first-order kinetic concerning the NaBH4 per fixed NaOH ratio. Moreover, the thermodynamic analysis indicated that hydrolysis of NaBH4 and formation of hydrogen on the modified rice husk is an endothermic and spontaneous reaction, where the hydrogen generated at 55˚C (5280 ml.gr− 1) was seven times more than that at ambient temperature and also activation energy was calculated 57.68 kJ.mol− 1 from Arrhenius plot.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Students’ Work Culture: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Mouchabac Stéphane , Adrien Vladimir , Diot Thomas , Renaud Marie-Christine , Carrié Alain , Bourla Alexis , Ferreri Florian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about profound social changes that affected students worldwide. These changes had both psychological and economic consequences, and also led to the adoption of new teaching methods. The present study examined the pandemic’s impact on French medical students’ perceptions of their profession.
Methods: A questionnaire study based on the vignette methodology was conducted among third-year medical students. It included questions about their perceptions of the medical profession, their motivation, and their sense of belonging to the profession.
Results: 352 students responded to the survey . The pandemic had both a positive and a negative impact on students’ perceptions of the medical profession. Cluster analysis using a k-means algorithm and principal component analysis revealed three clusters of students with different perceptions of the medical profession. The first cluster, which represented the majority of students, corresponded to a relatively positive perception of the profession that was reinforced during the pandemic. In the second cluster, students’ perceptions were reinforced still further, and particular importance was attached to field experience. Students in the third cluster had the most negative perceptions, having been shaken the most by the pandemic, and they attached little importance to field experience.
Conclusions: The analysis highlighted the importance of students being able to adapt and draw on a range of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. This underscores the need for work cultures that support adaptability and coping. Overall, the pandemic had a profound and far-reaching impact on medical students in France, but these effects were not uniform. Further research is needed to understand its long-term effects on students' perceptions of the medical profession and to identify interventions that could support students in the aftermath of this difficult period.
Use of a Novel Digital Intervention to Reduce Delirium Associated Agitation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: REYNOLDS STEVE , Nicholas Michelle , Wittmann Jessica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine if a novel digital therapeutic intervention could reduce agitation and unscheduled medication use in an adult delirious acute care population.

Methods: Delirious participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to receive standard of care plus a single 4-hour exposure to the digital intervention “MindfulGarden”, which uses a screen-based delivery to display a nature landscape with dynamic adjustment of screen content in response to movement and sound or standard of care only.

Findings: Between March 2021 and January 2022, 73 participants were enrolled with 70 completing the trial protocol and included in the final analysis with a mean age of 61 years and 68% being male (35 intervention, 35 control). Mean RASS was significantly lower across the 4-hour study period in the intervention arm 0·3 (0·85) vs 0·9 (0·93), p=0·01.

Interpretation: Exposure to a nature-based dynamic digital intervention showed benefits in agitation reduction.
Hydrodynamics and effect of velocity on particle filtration due to bridging in water-saturated porous media using CFD-DEM simulations
Authors: Sun Dan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Particle bridging owing to the confinement of the pore structure affects the transport and retention of particles in porous media. Particle motion driven by gravities were well investigated, whose filtration is mainly affected by the ratio of the particle diameter to the pore throat size of the medium. However, particles whose motions are driven by the fluid is essential to be investigated for particle separation from the carrying fluid. In this study, the motion of particles was driven by the liquid when passing through a water-saturated porous medium. The fluid–particle flow in a porous medium was modeled using computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method. The motion of particles in the slurry was traced in the porous medium, which enabled particle clogging to be directly precited by the interaction between the particles and pore surfaces by assessing the exact location of each particle. The pressure and flow field of the liquid were investigated, and the variation in flow path owing to particle clogging was predicted. The hydrodynamic study also showed that the Stokes number and particle concentration determined the particle clogging at the pore throats of the porous medium. Increasing the fluid velocity of particles such that the Stokes number was almost equal to 1 increased the separation efficiency of particles. Further increasing the fluid velocity reduced the residence time, which reduced the separation efficiency of the particles.
Racial, Regional disparities of in-hospital mortality among patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Evidence from NIS sample in 2020
Authors: Kim Sun Jung , Medina Mar , Park Jeong-Hui , Chang Jongwha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background: Because of the racial and regional inequalities regarding COVID-19, more research is required to deconstruct how the pandemic impacted different populations. This study explores differences in COVID-19 in-hospital mortality rates by patient and hospital factors. Hospital factors are differences in mortality by rurality level, region, and census division.
Methods: The latest 2020 United States NIS data was used to obtain a population-based estimate for patients with COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional retrospective data analysis on the NIS dataset. Sampling weights were used for all statistical analyses to represent nationwide in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19. We investigated how patients with COVID-19 and other characteristics, like region or race, are associated with in-hospital death using the multivariate survey logistic regression analysis. Additionally, we ran the models using census divisions to determine more specific regional mortality variance.
Results: Of 1,002,655 patients, 88.9% did not have an in-hospital death (n=178,369), and 11.1% died in-hospital (n=22,162). Among them, we used the weighted logistic regression results examining predictors of in-hospital death. Patients older than 70 were 10 times more likely to have an in-hospital death than patients younger than 40 (p<.001). Male patients were 37% more likely to have an in-hospital death than female patients (p<.001). Hispanic patients were 25% more likely to have in-hospital deaths than white patients (p<.001). In the sub-analysis, Hispanic patients in the 50-60, 60-70, and 70 age groups were 32%, 34%, and 24%, respectively, more likely to die in-hospital than white patients (p<.001).
Conclusion: Health disparities in the COVID-19 pandemic occurred across races and regions and must be addressed to prevent future deaths. Age and comorbidities like diabetes have a well-established link to increased disease severity, and we have linked both to higher mortality risk. Low-income patients had a significantly increased risk of in-hospital death starting at over 40 years old. In sum, Hispanic patients were at increased odds of mortality because of age and economics. Policy concerns should be raised to illuminate populations uniquely burdened by the COVID-19 pandemic to direct more significant research and funding to alleviate inequalities and mitigate future suffering.
Testing differences in physiological tolerance between invasive bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeianus) and non-invasive green frogs (Rana clamitans)
Authors: VanDenBerg Evelyn , Jaynes Kyle , Shah Alisha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Physiological traits may play a key role in the establishment of non-native species in a new habitat. Still, there are few empirical studies that link physiological traits with invasion success. The American bullfrog, Rana catesbeianus, and the green frog, R. clamitans, are functionally and morphologically similar congeners that largely occupy the same native range in the eastern United States, but have drastically different invasion histories. Bullfrogs have established in much of the western United States, which is generally much hotter and drier than their native range. We hypothesized that intrinsic differences in heat and desiccation tolerance in the tadpole stage may explain the contrasting invasion histories of the two species. We tested this hypothesis by measuring critical thermal maximum (CTMAX), thermal acclimation capacity, and hydric stress tolerance in bullfrog and green frog tadpoles occurring in their native habitat. We found that species do not have intrinsic differences in thermal tolerance, but bullfrog tadpoles have slightly greater thermal acclimation capacity than green frogs. Green frogs are more sensitive to warmer temperatures but can withstand greater hydric stress. In addition to being stronger competitors, we surmise that other factors, such as rapid evolution of thermal tolerance or combinations of responses to novel abiotic and biotic conditions may ultimately predispose bullfrog tadpoles to successfully persist in hotter and drier habitats in the western U.S.
Fusobacterium is enriched on the surface and surrounding duodenal mucosa of ampullary carcinoma
Authors: Takada Yoshihisa , Yamamoto Kenta , Ishikawa Takuya , Yamao Kentaro , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Iida Tadashi , Maeda Keiko , Yamamura Takeshi , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Ohno Eizaburo , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Kawashima Hiroki 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims:
In colorectal cancer, adenomas develop into carcinomas through the adenoma–carcinoma sequence, which may be triggered by intestinal adherent microbial communities, including Fusobacterium. In this study, we aimed to explore the microbiome in ampullary tumors and clarify its relevance.
Methods:
Seventeen patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for ampullary tumors at Nagoya University Hospital from August 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled. The patients were divided into an adenoma group (n = 11) and a carcinoma group (n = 6). Ampullary samples were collected from the tumor surface (tumor samples, TSs) or surrounding normal duodenal mucosa (normal samples, NSs) via brush rubbing and then analyzed.
Results:
The Shannon α-diversity index was considerably higher in the carcinoma group than in the adenoma group. Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Methylorubrum, and Micrococcus were enriched in the TSs of the carcinoma group. The relative abundance of Fusobacteriummarkedly increased with tumor progression. Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Granulicatella, and Solobacterium were enriched in the NSs of the carcinoma group, whereas Bergeyella was enriched in those of the adenoma group.
Conclusions:
Patients with ampullary carcinoma have a greater abundance of Fusobacterium in the tumor and surrounding normal duodenal mucosa than patients with adenoma.
Research on Fast charge Battery Thermal Management System based on refrigerant direct cooling
Authors: Dai NaiChang , Long Jiangqi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of high battery heat generation during the super fast charging process of electric vehicle fast-charging power batteries, this study designs a fast-charging battery thermal management system based on the refrigerant direct cooling architecture. In order to use the refrigerant of refrigerant to cool the battery quickly. Firstly, the study constructs the heat generation model of the power battery, the calculation model of the battery thermal management system, and builds the experimental device. Secondly, theoretical simulations and experimental studies were conducted for low-temperature fast-charging and high-temperature fast-charging operating conditions. The experimental results show that the designed battery thermal management system has good cooling effect and temperature uniformity.
Disproportionate contributions of land cover and changes to ecosystem functions in Kazakhstan and Mongolia
Authors: Yuan Jing , Chen Jiquan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Land use and land cover change (LULCC) have profoundly altered land surface properties and ecosystem functions, including carbon and water production. We investigated the contribution of landscape composition to ecosystem function by examining how land cover and proportion affected gross primary production (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) at six macro-landscapes in Mongolia and Kazakhstan. We hypothesized that both ecosystem and landscape GPP and ET are disproportionate to their composition and, therefore, changes in land cover will have asymmetrical influences on landscape functions. We leveraged a computational-friendly linear downscaling approach to align the coarse spatial resolution of MODIS (500 m) with a fine-grain and localized land cover map developed from Landsat (30 m) for six provinces in countries where intensive LULCC occurred in recent decades. By establishing two metrics – function to composition ratio (F/C) and function to changes in composition change (ΔF/ΔC) – we tested our hypothesis and evaluated the impact of land cover change on ecosystem functions within and among the landscapes. Our results show three major themes. (1) The five land cover types have signature downscaled ET and GPP that appears to vary between the two countries as well as within each country. (2) F/C of ET and GPP of forests is statistically greater than 1 (i.e., over-contributing), whereas F/C of grasslands and croplands is close to or slightly less than 1 (i.e., under-contribution). F/C of barrens is clearly lower than 1 but greater than zero. Specifically, a unit of forest generates 1.085 unit of ET and 1.123 unit of GPP, a unit of grassland generates 0.993 unit of ET and GPP, and a unit of cropland produces 0.987 unit of ET and 0.983 unit of GPP. The divergent F/C values among the land cover classes supports the hypothesis that landscape function is disproportionate to its composition. (3) ΔET/ΔC and ΔGPP/ΔC of forests and croplands showed negative values, while grasslands and barrens showed positive values, indicating that converting a unit of forest to other land cover leads to a decrease in ET and GPP, while converting units of grassland or barren to other land cover classes will result in increased ET and GPP. This linear downscaling approach for calculating F/C and ΔF/ΔC is labor-saving and cost-effective for rapid assessment on the impact of land use land cover change on ecosystem functions.
Cascaded Fractional Order Automatic Generation Control of a PV-Reheat Thermal Power System Under a Comprehensive Nonlinearity Effect and Cyber Attack
Authors: Cavdar Bora , Sahin Erdinc , Sesli Erhan , Akyazi Omur , Nuroglu F. Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Integration of renewable energy systems to the existing power grid has become an inevitable issue all over the world. Besides its advantages, it brings serious problems such as system frequency and tie-line power fluctuations which may result in instability or undesired situations in a power system. On the other hand, cascaded controller structures have become so popular in the literature. Because they have more degree of freedom resulting in increased flexibility according to the non-cascaded ones. Within the above-given explanations, in this study, we aim to investigate the performances of cascaded fractional and integer order controllers TI-TD and PI-PD compared to the non-cascaded ones PID and TID controllers for a two area PV-Thermal reheat power system. The designed controllers are optimized by the Mayfly algorithm (MA) to minimize the integral of the time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) performance index. A detailed performance task is considered for the controllers. These are time domain analysis, robustness, random load change, progressive nonlinearities, and cyber attack issues. The nonlinearity analysis consists of governor dead band (GDB), generation rate constraints (GRC), boiler dynamics (BD), and time delay (TD). Also, two cyber-attack models called a resonance attack (ResA) and random attack (RndA) are applied to the controller systems. Simulation results show the superiority of the optimized and cascaded controllers, especially for TI-TD controller. The performance result of the controllers is also verified by comparing each other and some reported controllers in the literature.
Genome-wide characterization of WRKY genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis in Erigeron breviscapus
Authors: Song Wan-ling , Zhang Shuang-yan , Li Qi , Xiang Gui-sheng , Zhao Yan , Yang Sheng-chao , Fan Wei , Hao Bing , Guang-Hui Zhang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background The transcription factors of WRKY genes play essential roles in plant growth, stress responses, and metabolite biosynthesis. Erigeron breviscapus, a traditional Chinese herb, is abundant in flavonoids and has been used for centuries to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the WRKY transcription factors that regulate flavonoid biosynthesis in E. breviscapus remain unknown.Results In this study, genome-wide characterization of WRKY genes in E. breviscapus was conducted to predict 75 EbWRKY transcription factors using phylogenetic, gene structure, and conserved motif analyses. In addition, the chromosomal location of each EbWRKY gene was analyzed. RNA sequencing showed that several EbWRKY genes transiently responded to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellin 3 (GA3) after 4h of treatment. In contrast, the expression of key structural genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis increased after 4h in GA3 treatment. However, the content of flavonoid metabolites in leaves significantly increased at 12h. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that the expression patterns of EbWRKY11, EbWRKY30, EbWRKY31, EbWRKY36, and EbWRKY44 transcription factors were similar to those of the 11 structural genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis.Conclusions This study provides comprehensive information on the regulatory control network of flavonoid accumulation mechanisms, which could contribute to improving the pharmaceutical value of E. breviscapus.