bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single fraction stereotactic radiosurgery and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy provide equal prognosis with overall survival in patients with brain metastases at diagnosis without surgery at primary site
Authors: Ostdiek-Wille Garett Paul , Amin Saber , Wang Shuo , Zhang Chi , Lin Chi 
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) are both treatments shown to be effective in treating brain metastases (BMs). However, it is unknown how these treatments compare in effectiveness and safety in cancer patients with BMs regardless of the primary cancer. The main objective of this study is to investigate the SRS and SRT treatments’ associations with the overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed with BMs using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Materials and methods
Patients in the NCDB with breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, other lung cancers, melanoma, colorectal cancer, or kidney cancer who had BMs at the time of their primary cancer diagnosis and received either SRS or SRT as treatment for their BMs were included in the study. We analyzed OS with a Cox proportional hazard analysis that adjusted variables associated with improved OS during univariable analysis.

Results
Of the total 6,961 patients that fit the criteria for the study, 5,423 (77.9%) received SRS and 1,538 (22.1%) received SRT. Patients who received SRS treatment had a median survival time of 10.9 (95% CI [10.5–11.3]), and those who received SRT treatment had a median survival time of 11.3 (95% CI [10.4–12.3]) months. This difference was not found to be significant (Log-rank P = 0.31). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis did not yield a significant difference between the treatments’ associations with OS (Hazard Ratio: 0.942, CI 95% [0.882–1.006]; P = .08) or SRS vs. SRT.

Conclusions
In this analysis, SRS and SRT did not show a significant difference in their associations with OS. Future studies investigating the neurotoxicity risks of SRS as compared to SRT are warranted.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Methylene Blue over Nanosized Ca2+ Doped LaMnO3 under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Nayak Himansulal , Padhi Biswajit 
Published: May 2023

The Photocatalytic performance of the Calcium doped lanthanum manganite nanocomposite for photodegradation of Methylene Blue(MB) dye as an Organic water pollutant,was evaluated over visible light irradiation, at a pH of 4, at constant dose for several hours. The result showed La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 having Perovskite structure shows high degree of catalytic efficiency of 69% within 100 min illumination time, for the removal of Methylene Blue organic dye from its aqueous solution. The sample powder(LCMO) was prepared through sol-gel technique and was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively coupled plasma- atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-Vis spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The XRD data revealed the formation of single phase crystallinity.SEM images shows that the micro sized La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 powder has nanocrystalline structure with average diameter of 1-3 µm. The ICP-AES data confirmed formation of required stoichiometric La1-xCaxMnO3 Oxide. The rates of photodegradation linearly increase as a function of time of irradiation, which was confirmed from study of the optical properties of the resulting aqueous solutions. These findings shows convincingly that La0.75Ca0.25MnO3 photocatalyst possess great promise for visible light driven photodegadation of Methylene Blue dye.
Physiological Responses of Wheat Associate with Heat Tolerance
Authors: Neware Minakshi R. , Potdukhe N. R. 
Published: May 2023

This study was performed to explore heat stress tolerance indices to judge terminal heat tolerance genotypes from nine wheat genotypes viz: AKAW 5023, AKAW 4927, PBN 4905, PBN 4751-02, NIAW 3523, NIAW 2891, AKAW 4210-6 (C), NIAW 34 (C), NIAW 1994 (C) at Wheat Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (MH) during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-2018. The trial was setup in RBD design with three replications. Yield and Physiological traits were recorded and correlated with yield. Genotype NIAW 2891 noted significantly high germination %,CTD (4.30oC), minimum membrane thermo-stability index (48.86%) at 75 DAS (grain filling stage), exhibited more RGR (0.0074 g g-1 day-1), NAR (0.0500 g dm2 day-1), early 50% flowering (58.16 days), days to maturity (91.83 days) and more grain yield ha-1 (35.65 q/ha) followed by genotype NIAW 3523 (33.83 q/ha) during both the year and noted as heat tolerance genotypes against the best check AKAW 4210-6. Correlation analysis showed that yield under stress environment had positive significant correlate with days to 50 % flowering and physiological maturity however, canopy temperature and membrane thermo-stability index had negative significant correlation with yield. Hence, due emphasis should be given to these attributes for genetic improvement in wheat under heat stress condition.
Association of BCG Vaccine Treatment With Death and Dementia in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Weinberg Marc S. , Zafar Affan , Magdamo Colin , Chung Sun Young , Chou Wesley H. , Nayan Madhur , Deodhar Mayuresh , Frendl Daniel M. , Feldman Adam S. , Faustman Denise L. , Arnold Steven E. , Vakulenko-Lagun Bella , Das Sudeshna 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe BCG vaccine—used worldwide to prevent tuberculosis—confers multiple nonspecific beneficial effects, and intravesical BCG vaccine is currently the recommended treatment for non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Moreover, BCG vaccine has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD), but previous studies have been limited by sample size, study design, or analyses.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether intravesical BCG vaccine exposure is associated with a decreased incidence of ADRD in a cohort of patients with NMIBC while accounting for death as a competing event.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was performed in patients aged 50 years or older initially diagnosed with NMIBC between May 28, 1987, and May 6, 2021, treated within the Mass General Brigham health care system. The study included a 15-year follow-up of individuals (BCG vaccine treated or controls) whose condition did not clinically progress to muscle-invasive cancer within 8 weeks and did not have an ADRD diagnosis within the first year after the NMIBC diagnosis. Data analysis was conducted from April 18, 2021, to March 28, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was time to ADRD onset identified using diagnosis codes and medications. Cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and Charlson Comorbidity Index) using inverse probability scores weighting.ResultsIn this cohort study including 6467 individuals initially diagnosed with NMIBC between 1987 and 2021, 3388 patients underwent BCG vaccine treatment (mean [SD] age, 69.89 [9.28] years; 2605 [76.9%] men) and 3079 served as controls (mean [SD] age, 70.73 [10.00] years; 2176 [70.7%] men). Treatment with BCG vaccine was associated with a lower rate of ADRD (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99), with an even lower rate of ADRD in patients aged 70 years or older at the time of BCG vaccine treatment (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.60-0.91). In competing risks analysis, BCG vaccine was associated with a lower risk of ADRD (5-year risk difference, −0.011; 95% CI, −0.019 to −0.003) and a decreased risk of death in patients without an earlier diagnosis of ADRD (5-year risk difference, −0.056; 95% CI, −0.075 to −0.037).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, BCG vaccine was associated with a significantly lower rate and risk of ADRD in a cohort of patients with bladder cancer when accounting for death as a competing event. However, the risk differences varied with time.
Cavitation‐driven Deformable Microchambers Inspired by Fast Microscale Movements of Ferns
Authors: Montagna Vincenzo Andrea , Palagi Stefano , Naselli Giovanna Adele , Filippeschi Carlo , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAnnulus cells of fern sporangia spontaneously deform driven by water transpiration and cavitation, resulting in the peculiar macroscale catapult‐like movement of the sporangium. Annulus cells' behavior, if artificially replicated, can inspire a novel class of fast actuators composed of annulus‐mimicking units. However, the transpiration and cavitation‐driven dynamics observed in annulus cells is never reproduced. Here, prismatic microcavities are assembled with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfilm to realize artificial microchambers that mimic the annulus cells, replicating for the first time their evaporation‐driven collapse and their fast return triggered by the nucleation of bubbles. The microchambers, in turn, can be fabricated in adjacency, resulting in bending arrays driven by transpiration. Working with an artificial system allows this study to investigate the fluidic phenomena arising from the interplay of a soft, semi‐permeable membrane with a micro‐confined liquid bounded by rigid walls. First, the microchambers aspect ratio influences the membrane dynamics and the bubble shape (either spherical or non‐spherical). Second, the growth rate of the bubble interplay with the membrane in the expansion dynamics. This study's results demonstrate the artificial replication of annulus cells' behavior, offering a plant‐like solution to realize fast, microscale movements, and a novel tool to investigate complex fluidic mechanisms involving micro‐confined cavitation.
Stable Li Metal Anode Enabled by Simultaneous Regulation of Electrolyte Solvation Chemistry and The Solid Electrolyte Interphase
Authors: Zhang Hongyu , Chen Xiaowei , Xia Guanglin , Yu Xuebin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application of Li metal batteries is hindered by the uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites due to the lack of control over Li ion transfer and the formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, polypropylene (PP) separator modified with acyclic polyaminoborane (PAB, (NH2‐BH2)n) and polyiminoborane (PIB, (NH═BH)n) is developed to regulate electrolyte solvation chemistry and simultaneously facilitate the construction of robust SEI. The mediating effect of PAB and PIB promotes favorable formation of (O)2Li+N to weaken the Li bonds between Li ion and solvent in the electrolyte, which homogenizes Li ion diffusion and reduces the desolvation barrier of Li ions. Additionally, the increase of anions content in the solvation sheath and the reaction between Li metal and PAB and PIB can induce the formation of [LiNBH]n‐enhanced SEI enriched with LiF and Li3N that have Li ion conductivity and mechanical strength to tolerate the volume change of Li metal anode. Therefore, the symmetric cell exhibits a cycling lifetime of over 4000 h.
Long‐Lived Photoacid‐Doped Conducting Composites Induce Photocurrent for Efficient Wound Healing
Authors: Yin Haiyan , Du Huifang , Li Wenya , Qin Yinhua , Fan Yonghong , Tan Ju , Yang Mingcan , Zhu Chuhong , Xu Youqian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrical stimulation is an effective strategy for facilitating wound healing. However, it is hindered by unwieldy electrical systems. In this study, a light‐powered dressing based on long‐lived photoacid generator (PAG)‐doped polyaniline composites is used, which can generate a photocurrent under visible light irradiation to interact with the endogenous electric field and facilitate skin growth. Light‐controlled proton binding and dissociation result in oxidation and reduction of the polyaniline backbone, inducing charge transfer to generate a photocurrent. Due to the rapid intramolecular photoreaction of PAG, a long‐lived proton‐induced localized acidic environment is formed, which protects the wound from microbial infection. In summary, a simple and effective therapeutic strategy is introduced for light‐powered and biocompatible wound dressings that show great potential for wound treatment.
Mimosa‐Inspired Stimuli‐Responsive Curling Bioadhesive Tape Promotes Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Meng , An Heng , Gu Zhen , Huang Zhe , Zhang Fengshi , Jiang Bao‐Guo , Wen Yongqiang , Zhang Peixun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTrauma often results in peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs). These injuries are particularly challenging therapeutically because of variable nerve diameters, slow axonal regeneration, infection of severed ends, fragility of the nerve tissue, and the intricacy of surgical intervention. Surgical suturing is likely to cause additional damage to peripheral nerves. Therefore, an ideal nerve scaffold should possess good biocompatibility, diameter adaptability, and a stable biological interface for seamless biointegration with tissues. Inspired by the curl of Mimosa pudica, this study aimed to design and develop a diameter‐adaptable, suture‐free, stimulated curling bioadhesive tape (SCT) hydrogel for repairing PNI. The hydrogel is fabricated from chitosan and acrylic acid‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide lipid via gradient crosslinking using glutaraldehyde. It closely matches the nerves of different individuals and regions, thereby providing a bionic scaffold for axonal regeneration. In addition, this hydrogel rapidly absorbs tissue fluid from the nerve surface achieving durable wet‐interface adhesion. Furthermore, the chitosan‐based SCT hydrogel loaded with insulin‐like growth factor‐I effectively promotes peripheral nerve regeneration with excellent bioactivity. This procedure for peripheral nerve injury repair using the SCT hydrogel is simple and reduces the difficulty and duration of surgery, thereby advancing adaptive biointerfaces and reliable materials for nerve repair.
Exchange‐Biased Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect
Authors: Zhang Peng , Balakrishnan Purnima P. , Eckberg Christopher , Deng Peng , Nozaki Tomohiro , Chong Su Kong , Quarterman Patrick , Holtz Megan E. , Maranville Brian B. , Qiu Gang , Pan Lei , Emmanouilidou Eve , Ni Ni , Sahashi Masashi , Grutter Alexander , Wang Kang L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) effect is characterized by a dissipationless chiral edge state with a quantized Hall resistance at zero magnetic field. Manipulating the QAH state is of great importance in both the understanding of topological quantum physics and the implementation of dissipationless electronics. Here, the QAH effect is realized in the magnetic topological insulator Cr‐doped (Bi,Sb)2Te3 (CBST) grown on an uncompensated antiferromagnetic insulator Al‐doped Cr2O3. Through polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR), a strong exchange coupling is found between CBST and Al‐Cr2O3 surface spins fixing interfacial magnetic moments perpendicular to the film plane. The interfacial coupling results in an exchange‐biased QAH effect. This study further demonstrates that the magnitude and sign of the exchange bias can be effectively controlled using a field training process to set the magnetization of the Al‐Cr2O3 layer. It demonstrates the use of the exchange bias effect to effectively manipulate the QAH state, opening new possibilities in QAH‐based spintronics.
Periodic and Aperiodic NiFe Nanomagnet/Ferrimagnet Hybrid Structures for 2D Magnon Steering and Interferometry with High Extinction Ratio
Authors: Watanabe Sho , Bhat Vinayak S. , Mucchietto Andrea , Dayi Elif N. , Shan Shixuan , Grundler Dirk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnons, quanta of spin waves, are known to enable information processing with low power consumption at the nanoscale. So far, however, experimentally realized half‐adders, wave‐logic, and binary output operations are based on few µm‐long spin waves and restricted to one spatial direction. Here, magnons with wavelengths λ down to 50 nm in ferrimagnetic Y3Fe5O12 below 2D lattices of periodic and aperiodic ferromagnetic nanopillars are explored. Due to their high rotational symmetries and engineered magnetic resonances, the lattices allow short‐wave magnons to propagate in arbitrarily chosen on‐chip directions when excited by conventional coplanar waveguides. Performing interferometry with magnons over macroscopic distances of 350 × λ without loss of coherency, unprecedentedly high extinction ratios of up to 26 (±8) dB [31 (±2) dB] for a binary 1/0 output operation at λ = 69 nm (λ = 154 nm) are achieved in this work. The reported findings and design criteria for 2D magnon interferometry are particularly important in view of the realization of complex neuronal networks recently proposed for interfering spin waves underneath nanomagnets.
Mechano‐Electrochemically Promoting Lithium Atom Diffusion and Relieving Accumulative Stress for Deep‐Cycling Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Xu Dehua , Zhou Nian , Wang Aoxuan , Xu Yang , Liu Xingjiang , Tang Shan , Luo Jiayan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) can double the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. However, the notorious lithium dendrite growth and large volume change are not well addressed, especially under deep cycling. Here, an in–situ mechanical–electrochemical coupling system is built, and it is found that tensile stress can induce smooth lithium deposition. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation and finite element method (FEM) simulation confirm that the lithium atom diffusion energy barrier can be reduced when the lithium foils are under tensile strain. Then tensile stress is incorporated into lithium metal anodes by designing an adhesive copolymer layer attached to lithium in which the copolymer thinning can yield tensile stress to the lithium foil. Elastic lithium metal anode (ELMA) is further prepared via introducing a 3D elastic conductive polyurethane (CPU) host for the copolymer–lithium bilayer to release accumulated internal stresses and resist volume variation. The ELMA can withstand hundreds of compression‐release cycles under 10% strain. LMBs paired with ELMA and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) cathode can operate beyond 250 cycles with 80% capacity retention under practical condition of 4 mAh cm−2 cathode capacity, 2.86 g Ah−1 electrolyte‐to‐capacity ratio (E/C) and 1.8 negative‐to‐cathode capacity ratio (N/P), five times of the lifetime using lithium foils.
Solution‐Processed Metal Ion Polyelectrolytes as Hole Transport Materials for Efficient Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Shoukat Faiza , Kang Ju Hwan , Khan Yeasin , Park Yu Jung , Lee Jin Hee , Walker Bright , Seo Jung Hwa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDespite achieving high efficiencies over a short time, further streamlining of hybrid lead‐halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) designs is necessary for their commercial viability. In this contribution, a new class of interfacial hole transporting layer (HTL) materials consisting of anionic polyelectrolytes comprising polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) with metal cations are explored. These materials represent alternatives to metal oxides, combining characteristics of metal oxides with the facile preparation and desirable film‐forming characteristics of polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolytes with cations including Li, Mg, V, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, In, Cs, and Pb as HTLs in inverted PSCs are explored. A range of positive and negative effects is observed for different metal cations, which are attributed to differences in the physical properties of the polyelectrolytes, and their influence on the electronic band structure of devices and the crystal qualities of the perovskite absorber. Ni and Cu polyelectrolytes created p‐type contacts at the anode of PSCs, improving device performance. These materials are believed to have potential in other types of devices as well. This type of metal:PSS polyelectrolyte has not yet been widely investigated, however, it is shown that it constitutes a simple and economic strategy to engineer energy band structures in perovskite devices.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Contiguous Cyclopropylaziridines: Enabling the Construction of Versatile Chiral Molecules Including γ‐Lactams via Ring‐Opening Reactions
Authors: Han Jiho , Ha Hyun‐Joon , Yang Jung Woon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of chiral contiguous cyclopropylaziridine was achieved through cyclopropanation of (E)‐3‐((S)‐1‐[(R)‐1‐phenylethyl)aziridin‐2‐yl]acrylaldehyde with bromomalonate in the presence of (2R)‐ or (2S)‐[diphenyl(trimethylsilyloxy) methyl]pyrrolidine as a chiral organocatalyst and 2,6‐lutidine as a base. This chiral cyclopropylaziridine was then subjected to various functional transformations, leading to the construction of a wide range of structurally important motifs.
Toward Efficient Cartilage Disease Management with Additive Manufacturing: Monitoring, Cell Culture, and Drug Release
Authors: Dong Kaiyi , Shao Yun , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArticular cartilage damage is often caused by joint disease, trauma, and aging in everyday life. Cartilage damage usually refers to some changes in the normal structure and a gradual loss of function. Local discomforts, such as slight swelling or pain, may occur. Due to the lack of blood vessels and nerves in articular cartilage, articular cartilage damage is difficult to repair, making the detection and repair of articular cartilage damage difficult. New detection and repair technologies are urgently needed. The existing treatment methods are often used to monitor the internal environment and repair cartilage by implanting stents. Due to its high precision and simulation, 3D printing has shown great potential in carrier drug refinement and detection sensing and has become one of the more ideal technologies in the biomedical field. This article reviews the mitigation measures of bone injury, 3D printing technology, and treatment strategies for bone injury based on 3D printing technology. In addition, some challenges and possible solutions are also put forward for the treatment of bone injuries, as well as some possible development directions in the future.
Enhancing Microwave Dynamic Effects via Surface States of Ultrasmall 2D MOF Triggered by Interface Confinement for Antibiotics‐Free Therapy
Authors: Qiao Yuqian , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Wang Chaofeng , Li Zhaoyang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Cui Zhenduo , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicrowave (MV)‐trigged dynamic therapy based on MV‐responsive materials is promising for treating deep infection diseases that cannot be effectively treated by antibiotics, like life‐threatening osteomyelitis. Surface states of materials affect the generation of free charges under the excitation source with energy less than the band gap, consequently influencing the MV dynamic effects. Herein, an MV responsive system with interface confined 2D metal–organic framework (2D MOF) on oxidized carbon nanotube (CNT) is prepared, in which the ultrasmall Cu‐based 2D MOF possesses sufficient surface/interface defects, endowing the system a large number of surface states. Under MV irradiation, the synthesized CNT‐2D MOF not only efficiently absorbs and converts the microwave into heat for microwaveocaloric therapy (MCT) via enhanced hetero‐interfacial polarization, but also generates excited electrons via surface state for microwave dynamic therapy (MDT). This biocompatible CNT‐2D MOF exhibits highly effective broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity against seven pathogenic bacteria, including Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive pathogens, under 7 min MV irradiation. And this system is proven to efficiently eradicate Staphylococcus aureus infected rabbit tibia osteomyelitis. Significantly, MV‐excited MCT and MDT of CNT‐CuHHTP developed in this study makes a major step forward in antibiotic‐free MV therapy in deep tissue bacterial infection diseases.