bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjoint Q tomography with central-frequency measurements in viscoelastic medium
Authors: Pan Wenyong , Innanen Kristopher A , Wang Yanfei 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
Accurate Q (quality factor) structures can provide important constraints for characterizing subsurface hydrocarbon/water resources in exploration geophysics and interpreting tectonic evolution of the Earth in earthquake seismology. Attenuation effects on seismic amplitudes and phases can be included in forward and inverse modellings by invoking a generalized standard linear solid rheology. Compared to traditional ray-based methods, full-waveform-based adjoint tomography approach, which is based on numerical solutions of the visco-elastodynamic wave equation, has the potential to provide more accurate Q models. However, applications of adjoint Q tomography are impeded by the computational complexity of Q sensitivity kernels and by strong velocity-Q trade-offs. In this study, following the adjoint-state method, we show that the Q (P- and S-wave quality factors QP and QS) sensitivity kernels can be constructed efficiently with adjoint memory strain variables. A novel central-frequency difference misfit function is designed to reduce the trade-off artefacts for adjoint Q tomography. Compared to traditional waveform-difference misfit function, this new central-frequency approach is less sensitive to velocity variations, and thus is expected to produce fewer trade-off uncertainties. The multiparameter Hessian-vector products are calculated to quantify the resolving abilities of different misfit functions. Comparative synthetic inversion examples are provided to verify the advantages of this strategy for adjoint QP and QS tomography. We end with a 3D viscoelastic inversion example designed to simulate a distributed acoustic sensing/vertical seismic profile survey for monitoring of CO2 sequestration.
Imaging shallow structures using interferometry of seismic body waves generated by train traffic
Authors: Rezaeifar M , Lavoué F , Maggio G , Xu Y , Bean C J , Pinzon-Rincon L , Lebedev S , Brenguier F 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARY
Train-induced vibrations act as potential powerful high-frequency source for imaging subsurface with higher resolution than typical ambient noise interferometry. In this study, we present results of seismic interferometry applied on three days of railroad traffic data recorded by an array of seismographs along a railway in Dublin, Ireland. Our virtual shot gathers show significant surface and body wave energy that could be used for seismic interferometry. Reflection sections obtained with our interferometry approaches applied on selected time windows of train-induced vibrations is consistent with nearby borehole data and an active seismic profile. The consistency of the results given by these approaches confirms that train-generated vibrations represent a valuable source of signal for high-resolution subsurface imaging. Furthermore, our results show spurious arrivals that are due to the train geometry and also the cross-correlation approach that needs consideration for body wave interferometry studies.
Contribution of loading deformation to the GNSS vertical velocity field in the Chinese mainland
Authors: Wen Zhiqiang , Rao Weilong , Sun Wenke 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYTo obtain the deformation of the solid Earth from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-observed velocity field, the loading effect of the surface mass variations should be effectively deducted. However, the GNSS-observed velocity field in mainland China is currently limited only to the loading correction calculated using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) spherical harmonic coefficients, which is equivalent to the approximately 300-km smoothed result in the spatial domain; thus, the derived tectonic deformation is inaccurate. Therefore, it is important to study and identify a reasonable method for calculating the loading effect of the surface mass change model and to carry out an effective loading correction of the GNSS velocity field. In this study, the performances of two calculation methods, namely the GRACE spherical harmonic coefficient and Green's function, were analyzed and compared. In addition, we constructed a comprehensive model of the global surface mass variations, calculated the vertical load velocity in mainland China using Green's function method and compared the results with those for the GRACE spherical harmonic products. We found that the difference between the results of the GRACE spherical harmonic coefficient and Green's function methods was more than 1 mm/yr in the North China Plain, implying that the GRACE spherical harmonic coefficient method cannot be used for loading correction of the observed GNSS vertical velocity field. In contrast, the loading effect calculated using Green's function method can be more effectively applied for loading correction of the GNSS vertical velocity field in mainland China. The GNSS-observed velocity exhibited a clear uplift in the North China Plain and the west glacier areas; however, the GNSS velocity fields were significantly reduced after the loading correction, indicating that the observed GNSS vertical velocity fields were mainly caused by the surface mass loading due to the negative correlation between the vertical load velocity and the surface mass changes. Moreover, we found that the loading correction accounted for more than 50 per cent of the GNSS vertical velocity field in most of the glaciated regions in eastern and western China, and the maximum value exceeded 300 per cent, indicating that the loading effect was large. Finally, we obtained the GNSS vertical velocity field for mainland China with a loading correction. Additionally, the spectral characteristics of the time-varying gravity field in mainland China were investigated. The results showed that clear annual, semi-annual and 10-year medium- and long-period signals exist.
The Stochasticity Parameter of Quadratic Residues
Authors: Gabdullin Mikhail R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Following V. I. Arnold, we define the stochasticity parameter $S(U)$ of a subset $U$ of ${\mathbb {Z}}/M{\mathbb {Z}}$ to be the sum of squares of the consecutive distances between elements of $U$. In this paper, we study the stochasticity parameter of the set $R_{M}$ of quadratic residues modulo $M$. We present a method that allows to find the asymptotics of $S(R_{M})$ for a set of $M$ of positive density. In particular, we obtain the following two corollaries. Denote by $s(k)=s(k,{\mathbb {Z}}/M{\mathbb {Z}})$ the average value of $S(U)$ over all subsets $U\subseteq {\mathbb {Z}}/M{\mathbb {Z}}$ of size $k$, which can be thought of as the stochasticity parameter of a random set of size $k$. Let ${\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})=S(R_{M})/s(|R_{M}|)$. We show that
(a) $\varliminf _{M\to \infty }{\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})&lt;1&lt;\varlimsup _{M\to \infty }{\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})$;
(b) the set $\{ M\in {\mathbb {N}}: {\mathfrak {S}}(R_{M})&lt;1 \}$ has positive lower density.
Binomial Edge Ideals of Weakly Closed Graphs
Authors: Seccia Lisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Closed graphs have been characterized by Herzog et al. as the graphs whose binomial edge ideals have a quadratic Gröbner basis with respect to a diagonal term order. In this paper, we focus on a generalization of closed graphs, namely weakly closed graphs (or co-comparability graphs). Building on some results about Knutson ideals of generic matrices, we characterize weakly closed graphs as the only graphs whose binomial edge ideals are Knutson ideals for a certain polynomial $f$. In doing so, we re-prove Matsuda’s theorem about the F-purity of binomial edge ideals of weakly closed graphs in positive characteristic and we extend it to generalized binomial edge ideals. Furthermore, we give a characterization of weakly closed graphs in terms of the minimal primes of their binomial edge ideals and we characterize all minimal primes of Knutson ideals for this choice of $f$.
Common Vaccines and the Risk of Incident Dementia: A Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Douros Antonios , Ante Zharmaine , Suissa Samy , Brassard Paul 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies suggesting that immunizations strongly decrease the risk of dementia had several methodological limitations. We assessed whether common vaccines are associated with the risk of dementia.MethodsWe assembled a population-based cohort of dementia-free individuals aged ≥50 years in the United Kingdom’s Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1988 and 2018. Using a nested case-control approach, we matched each patient with dementia with 4 controls. Conditional logistic regression yielded confounder-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of dementia associated with common vaccines &gt;2 years before the index date compared with no exposure during the study period. Moreover, we applied a 10-year lag period and used active comparators (participation in breast or prostate cancer screening) to account for detection bias.ResultsCommon vaccines were associated with an increased risk of dementia (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.36–1.40]), compared with no exposure. Applying a 10-year lag period (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.18–1.23]) and comparing versus prostate cancer screening (1.19 [ 1.11–1.27]) but not breast cancer screening (1.37 [1.30–1.45]) attenuated the risk increase.ConclusionsCommon vaccines were not associated with a decreased risk of dementia. Unmeasured confounding and detection bias likely accounted for the observed increased risk.
Addition of anaerobic coverage for treatment of biliary tract infections: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Simeonova Marina , Daneman Nick , Lam Philip W , Elligsen Marion 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate whether additional antibiotics that target anaerobes, including Bacteroides spp., are associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients with biliary tract infections (BTIs).

Methods
This was a retrospective propensity score-matched cohort of adults aged ≥18 years with BTIs, admitted to hospital between 1 April 2015 and 30 March 2021. Eligible patients treated with antibiotics that provided coverage of anaerobes were compared with those treated with comparable regimens without anaerobic coverage. The primary outcome was a composite of mortality within 30 days or relapse within 90 days of source control or completion of antibiotics. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), duration of antibiotic therapy and adverse drug reactions. ORs were calculated using a weighted generalized linear regression model with propensity-score matching.

Results
Among 398 patients included, 209 were treated without anaerobic coverage and 189 with anaerobic coverage. After propensity-score matching, there was no significant difference in primary outcome between propensity-matched patients who received additional anaerobic coverage and those who did not [adjusted OR (aOR) 1.23; 95% CI 0.69–2.22)]. Those with anti-anaerobic coverage had longer LOS (aOR 4.85; 95% CI 1.68–13.98) and longer duration of antibiotic treatment (aOR 4.14; 95% CI 2.61–6.57) than those who did not receive additional anaerobic therapy, but not more adverse drug reactions (aOR 1.01; 95% CI 0.97–1.05).

Conclusions
Omitting anti-anaerobic antibiotics may be a safe antimicrobial stewardship intervention. However, a randomized controlled trial may be warranted to definitively conclude whether additional anaerobic coverage in BTI treatment is necessary.
Comparative Study of Postmortem Concentrations of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotics in Several Different Matrices
Authors: Øiestad Elisabeth Leere , Øiestad Åse Marit Leere , Middelkoop Gerrit , Brochmann Gerd-Wenche , Thaulow Cecilie Hasselø , Vindenes Vigdis 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBenzodiazepines and z-hypnotics are detected in the majority of fatal overdose cases in Norway, often in combination with other drugs of abuse, and their concentrations in peripheral blood (PB) might be important to elucidate the cause of death. In some forensic autopsies, PB is however not available. The aim of the present study was to compare concentrations of benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics in five alternative matrices to assess whether these concentrations are comparable to concentrations in PB. A total of 109 forensic autopsy cases were included. PB, cardiac blood (CB), pericardial fluid (PF), psoas muscle (PM), lateral vastus muscle (LVM) and vitreous humor (VH) from each case were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry. We were able to detect clonazepam, 7-aminoclonazepam, flunitrazepam, 7-aminoflunitrazepam, nitrazepam, 7-aminonitrazepam, diazepam, nordiazepam, oxazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, zopiclone and zolpidem in all the analyzed matrices. Concentrations measured in VH were generally much lower than those of PB for all compounds except zopiclone. 7-Amino metabolite concentrations were high compared to the parent compounds, although less so for the muscle samples. Concentrations of the parent nitrobenzodiazepines in muscles were higher than those in PB, but for the other compounds, concentrations in muscle showed good correspondence with PB. Both CB and PF were viable alternative matrices for PB, although a larger variation and a tendency for higher concentrations in PF were observed. This study shows that CB, PM, LVM and PF can give comparable concentrations to PB for benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics, while VH was less suitable. The concentrations in alternative matrices must, however, be interpreted carefully.
Lucanian heritage across the world: the Spanish collections
Authors: Duplouy Alain , Silva Porto Mariana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Within the framework of a research project based at the Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne exploring collections of Lucanian objects in various countries, this study focuses on the collections currently held in Spain. By following the biographies of these Lucanian antiquities and tracing their journey from Italy to Spain, the paper also outlines the history of Spanish antiquities collections, from the royal collections of the eighteenth century, when the Bourbons ruled over both Spain and the Kingdom of Naples, to the rare aristocratic collections of the early nineteenth century and the more prolific collections of prominent figures like the Marquess of Salamanca in the second half of the century. It also looks at a few items acquired on the art market during the second half of the twentieth century. In covering this ground, the paper enhances our knowledge of Lucanian collections while highlighting the particularities of Spanish collecting during this period.
Evidence of Permethrin Resistance and Fipronil Tolerance inRhipicephalus sanguineuss.l. (Acari: Ixodidae) Populations From Florida and California
Authors: Tian Yuexun , Taylor Caitlin E , Lord Cynthia C , Kaufman Phillip E 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (Latreille), is a vector of multiple disease-causing pathogens to humans and dogs. Permethrin and fipronil are two acaricides used to manage R. sanguineus s.l. infestations. Homeowners have reported treatment failures in managing brown dog ticks using permethrin and fipronil based products. Previous studies demonstrated that high permethrin resistance in some R. sanguineus s.l. populations was due to metabolic detoxification and target site insensitivity. In this study, three R. sanguineus s.l. strains, one from a laboratory colony (NC) and two colonies originally collected from Florida (FL) and California (CA), were evaluated for resistance expression against permethrin and fipronil. Metabolic detoxification mechanisms were evaluated in the FL strain using three synergists, while a polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect a resistance mutation in all strains. The NC strain was susceptible to both permethrin and fipronil, while both the FL and CA strains exhibited high resistance to permethrin and tolerance to fipronil. The synergist tests and PCR results indicated that the FL strain utilized both metabolic resistance and target site insensitivity against permethrin, while the CA strain was documented to have the target-site insensitivity resistant allele. This study confirmed permethrin resistance in both California and Florida populations and its persistence in Florida populations, although its susceptibility can potentially be increased by adding a synergist. Fipronil resistance was not detected suggesting this acaricide may provide suitable tick control.
Fatal sepsis from appendicitis caused by an impacted tooth
Authors: Field Xavier , Burton Thomas , Christey Grant 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain globally. The pathophysiology of acute appendicitis is due to occlusion of the appendiceal lumen commonly from a faecolith. Obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by ingested foreign bodies is possible albeit rare. Here, we present an extremely rare case of acute appendicitis caused by impaction of the patients tooth within the lumen of the appendix. There have been only seven reported cases of impacted teeth causing appendicitis in the literature. There are no evidence-based guidelines for the management of appendicitis caused by tooth impaction. The authors suggest operative management with appendicectomy should be considered in the first instance.
The importance of selecting a cruciate-retaining total knee prosthesis for a patient with a large physiological posterior tibial slope: a case report
Authors: Yamamoto Ayakane , Kaneko Takao , Takada Kazutaka , Yoshizawa Shu 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For Japanese individuals, deep bending is inevitable in their daily lives, such as during seiza sitting and kneeling. Thus, achieving a good post-operative range of motion is an important factor in improving patient satisfaction. Even normal knees often have a posterior tibial slope of more than 10°. We report the case of a 76-year-old woman who underwent proximal tibial osteotomy at 8° with the Vanguard Knee cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty (TKA) system. She required the revision TKA 10 years later due to ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene wear and breakage of the posteromedial tibial component.
Use of allograft fat for aesthetic and functional restoration of soft tissue contour deformities
Authors: Salgado Christopher J , Gonzalez Daisy I , Gelles-Soto Desha , Mercado Adan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The authors report a case series of five patients with Leneva grafted into the nose, hand, genitalia and below-the-knee stump. Leneva is an allograft adipose matrix derived from aseptically processed human adipose tissue with retained matrix proteins, growth factors, cytokines and collagens. It is manufactured hydrated and is available in pre-loaded syringes. Five patients (3F, 2 M) with a mean age of 50.7 (range 31–77 years) injected with a mean volume of 4.2 cc (range 3–6 cc) of Leneva in various anatomic locations with an average follow up time of 4.25 months (range 0.5–12 months) experienced no allergic reactions, infection, fat necrosis or oil cysts. All patients were pleased with the restoration of fullness to the injected site. The authors believe that Leneva is a promising multi-use filler for restoring soft tissue defects following resection of tumours, to rejuvenate age-related atrophy, aesthetically enhance the genitals and provide padding for transtibial prostheses.
Constraining the physical properties of the first lensed z ∼ 9 − 16 galaxy candidates with JWST
Authors: Furtak Lukas J , Shuntov Marko , Atek Hakim , Zitrin Adi , Richard Johan , Lehnert Matthew D , Chevallard Jacopo 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The first deep-field observations of the JWST have immediately yielded a surprisingly large number of very high redshift candidates, pushing the frontier of observability well beyond z ≳ 10. We here present a detailed SED-fitting analysis of the 10 gravitationally lensed z ∼ 9–16 galaxy candidates detected behind the galaxy cluster SMACS J0723.3−7327 in a previous paper using the BEAGLE tool. Our analysis makes use of dynamical considerations to place limits on the ages of these galaxies and of all three published SL models of the cluster to account for lensing systematics. We find the majority of these galaxies to have relatively low stellar masses $M_{\star }\sim 10^7-10^8\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ and young ages tage ∼ 10–100 Myr but with a few higher mass exceptions ($M_{\star }\sim 10^9\rm{-}10^{10}\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$) due to Balmer-break detections at z ∼ 9–10. Because of their very blue UV-slopes, down to β ∼ −3, all of the galaxies in our sample have extremely low dust attenuations AV ≲ 0.02. Placing the measured parameters into relation, we find a very shallow M⋆ − MUV-slope and high sSFRs above the main sequence of star formation with no significant redshift-evolution in either relation. This is in agreement with the bright UV luminosities measured for these objects and indicates that we are naturally selecting UV-bright galaxies that are undergoing intense star formation at the time they are observed. Finally, we discuss the robustness of our high-redshift galaxy sample regarding low-redshift interlopers and conclude that low-redshift solutions can safely be ruled out for roughly half of the sample, including the highest redshift galaxies at z ∼ 12–16. These objects represent compelling targets for spectroscopic follow-up observations with JWST and ALMA.
The MSPSRπ catalogue: VLBA astrometry of 18 millisecond pulsars
Authors: Ding H , Deller A T , Stappers B W , Lazio T J W , Kaplan D , Chatterjee S , Brisken W , Cordes J , Freire P C C , Fonseca E , Stairs I , Guillemot L , Lyne A , Cognard I , Reardon D J , Theureau G 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
With unparalleled rotational stability, millisecond pulsars (MSPs) serve as ideal laboratories for numerous astrophysical studies, many of which require precise knowledge of the distance and/or velocity of the MSP. Here, we present the astrometric results for 18 MSPs of the ‘MSPSR$\pi$’ project focusing exclusively on astrometry of MSPs, which includes the re-analysis of three previously published sources. On top of a standardized data reduction protocol, more complex strategies (i.e. normal and inverse-referenced 1D interpolation) were employed where possible to further improve astrometric precision. We derived astrometric parameters using sterne, a new Bayesian astrometry inference package that allows the incorporation of prior information based on pulsar timing where applicable. We measured significant (${&gt;}3\, \sigma$) parallax-based distances for 15 MSPs, including 0.81 ± 0.02 kpc for PSR J1518+4904 – the most significant model-independent distance ever measured for a double neutron star system. For each MSP with a well-constrained distance, we estimated its transverse space velocity and radial acceleration. Among the estimated radial accelerations, the updated ones of PSR J1012+5307 and PSR J1738+0333 impose new constraints on dipole gravitational radiation and the time derivative of Newton’s gravitational constant. Additionally, significant angular broadening was detected for PSR J1643−1224, which offers an independent check of the postulated association between the HII region Sh 2-27 and the main scattering screen of PSR J1643−1224. Finally, the upper limit of the death line of γ-ray-emitting pulsars is refined with the new radial acceleration of the hitherto least energetic γ-ray pulsar PSR J1730−2304.