bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Functional Dependency in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness: A TBI‐Model Systems and TRACK‐TBI Study
Authors: Snider Samuel B. , Temkin Nancy R. , Barber Jason , Edlow Brian L. , Giacino Joseph T. , Hammond Flora M. , Izzy Saef , Kowalski Robert G. , Markowitz Amy J. , Rovito Craig A. , Shih Shirley L. , Zafonte Ross D. , Manley Geoffrey T. , Bodien Yelena G. ,   the TRACK‐TBI investigators
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveIt is not currently possible to predict long‐term functional dependency in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Our objective was to fit and externally validate a prediction model for 1‐year dependency in patients with DoC 2 weeks after TBI.MethodsWe included adults with TBI enrolled in TBI Model Systems (TBI‐MS) or Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK‐TBI) studies who were not following commands at rehabilitation admission or 2 weeks post‐injury, respectively. We fit a logistic regression model in TBI‐MS and validated it in TRACK‐TBI. The primary outcome was death or dependency at 1 year post‐injury, defined using the Disability Rating Scale.ResultsIn the TBI‐MS Discovery Sample, 1,960 participants (mean age 40 [18] years, 76% male, 68% white) met inclusion criteria, and 406 (27%) were dependent 1 year post‐injury. In a TBI‐MS held out cohort, the dependency prediction model's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.85), positive predictive value was 53% and negative predictive value was 86%. In the TRACK‐TBI external validation (n = 124, age 40 [16] years, 77% male, 81% white), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.66 (0.53, 0.79), equivalent to the standard IMPACTcore + CT score (p = 0.8).InterpretationWe developed a 1‐year dependency prediction model using the largest existing cohort of patients with DoC after TBI. The sensitivity and negative predictive values were greater than specificity and positive predictive values. Accuracy was diminished in an external sample, but equivalent to the IMPACT model. Further research is needed to improve dependency prediction in patients with DoC after TBI. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1008–1023
The Impact of Diabetes on Morbidity and Mortality Following Thyroidectomy
Authors: Patel Roshan V. , Randhawa Avneet , Randhawa Karandeep S. , Aftab Owais M. , Khawaja Imran M. , Hegazin Michael , Eloy Jean Anderson , Fang Christina H. 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo explore the association between diabetes and outcomes in thyroidectomy patients.MethodsThis retrospective cohort analysis used the 2015–2017 American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database. Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were used to identify thyroidectomy cases (60210, 60212, 60220, 60225, 60240, 60252, 60254, 60260, 60270, and 60271). Demographics, comorbidities, and complication incidences were compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients using Pearson's chi‐square test/Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The independent effect of diabetes on outcomes was analyzed using binary logistic regression.ResultsA total of 47,776 (95.4%) nondiabetic and 2307 (4.6%) diabetic patients undergoing thyroidectomy were identified from 2015 to 2017. Chi‐square analysis demonstrated that diabetic patients had higher incidences of obesity (55.2% vs. 33.2%; p < 0.001), dyspnea (12.7% vs. 4.8%; p < 0.001), poor functional status (1.9% vs. 0.4%; p < 0.001), ventilator dependence (0.6% vs. 0.1%; p < 0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; 6.8% vs. 2.2%; p < 0.001), congestive heart failure (1.1% vs. 0.3%; p < 0.001), acute renal failure (0.3% vs. 0.0%; p < 0.001), hypertension (79.2% vs. 32.4%; p < 0.001), dialysis (2.0% vs. 0.4%; p < 0.001), open wound (1.1% vs. 0.1%; p < 0.001), steroid use (5.3% vs. 2.3%; p < 0.001), bleeding disorders (3.6% vs. 0.9%; p < 0.001), preoperative blood transfusions (0.2% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.001), and systemic sepsis (1.0% vs. 0.3%; p < 0.001). Demographic characteristics were significantly different between the cohorts including gender (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), race (p < 0.001), and Hispanic ethnicity (p = 0.033). After adjusting for these factors, logistic regression analyses showed that diabetes was associated with acute renal failure (OR: 5.836; 95% CI: 1.060–32.134; p = 0.043), wound disruption (OR: 6.194; 95% CI: 1.752–21.900; p = 0.005), prolonged length of stay (OR: 1.430; 95% CI: 1.261–1.622; p < 0.001), unplanned readmission (OR: 1.380; 95% CI: 1.096–1.737; p = 0.006), superficial incisional surgical site infections (OR: 0.240; 95% CI: 0.058–0.995; p = 0.049), urinary tract infection occurrences (OR: 2.173; 95% CI: 1.186–3.980; p = 0.012), organ space surgical site infection occurrences (OR: 3.322; 95% CI: 1.016–10.864; p = 0.047), pneumonia occurrences (OR: 2.091; 95% CI: 1.125–3.884; p = 0.020), any medical complication (OR: 1.697; 95% CI: 1.246–2.313; p = 0.001), and any complication (OR: 1.495; 95% CI: 1.136–1.968; p = 0.004).ConclusionDiabetes mellitus is a significant factor associated with increased odds of complications following thyroidectomy.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:3628–3632, 2023
A-foliations of codimension two on compact simply-connected manifolds
Authors: Corro Diego 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe show that a singular Riemannian foliation of codimension two on a compact simply-connected Riemannian $$(n+2)$$

(
n
+
2
)

-manifold, with regular leaves homeomorphic to the n-torus, is given by a smooth effective n-torus action. This solves in the negative for the codimension 2 case a question about the existence of foliations by exotic tori on simply-connected manifolds.
Think Interview: Epistemic Injustice
Authors: Fricker Miranda , Law Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the centuries, many philosophers have written about injustice. More recently, attention has turned to a previously little-recognized form of injustice – epistemic injustice. The philosopher Miranda Fricker coined the phrase ‘epistemic injustice’ – an example being when your credibility as a source of knowledge is unjustly downgraded (perhaps because you are ‘just a woman’ of the ‘wrong’ race). This interview with Miranda explores what epistemic injustice is, and why it is important.
Are Plato's Myths Philosophical?
Authors: Keum Tae-Yeoun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlato is often regarded as a founding figure for Western philosophy, and specifically as the inventor of a way of doing philosophy grounded in critical, argumentative reason. This article asks whether Plato's practice of writing myths in his dialogues comes into tension with his canonical reputation. I suggest that resolving this tension may require us to revise our standing ideas about the nature of philosophy and its relationship to myth. Against interpretations that minimize the significance of Plato's myths to his philosophy, I argue that he may have constructed them deliberately as a form of philosophical discourse in their own right.
Avoiding Pitfalls in Reasoning
Authors: Groothuis Douglas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractI'd rather not be an idiot and neither would you. One useful tool in avoid idiocy and figuring out what's true is to be aware of logical fallacies. Some errors in thinking are so common that they have been named in infamy. This article is an anti-idiocy vaccine to immunize you to common fallacies such as poisoning the well, begging the question, false dichotomy, and others, in order to give you a better shot at avoiding fallacy and finding out what's true.
Graphing Deep Hypermeter in the Scherzo Movement of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony
Authors: Cohn Richard 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper reinterprets my 1992 analysis of the scherzo of Ludwig van Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony using more recently introduced modes of representation: ski-hill graphs, ski-path networks, and metric cubes. It provides a tutorial on the three metric modes of representation, while using those modes to reveal different aspects of the scherzo’s metric form. It presents evidence in support of the proposition that slow pulses and deep hypermeter can “exist,” be aesthetically relevant, and have analytical value.
A Life Course Approach to Women’s Reproductive Health
Authors: Magnus Maria C. , Fraser Abigail 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Women’s reproductive health is an important health domain in its own right. It has also long been recognised as a marker of women’s overall health. This chapter explores women’s reproductive health throughout the lifespan, starting with menarche, moving into the reproductive years characterised by (in)fertility, pregnancy, and its complications (e.g. fetal loss, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth), and finishing with the menopausal transition that marks the end of women’s reproductive lifespan. We summarise secular trends in age at menarche, fertility, and the onset of menopause. We, then, address the determinants of various indicators of women’s reproductive health. These include both genetic variations set from conception and environmental exposures accrued across the life course, from fetal life through to childhood and adulthood. We use body mass index and smoking as illustrative examples of the relationships between exposures and female reproductive health throughout the lifespan. Finally, we discuss the well-established relationships between some indicators of women’s reproductive health and chronic disease risk. We briefly touch on breast cancer and bone health and expand on cardiovascular disease, summarising current knowledge about underlying mechanisms and proposing that these associations can be leveraged to improve women’s health.
Depression and Psychological Distress
Authors: Maughan Barbara 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Depression is a common and often-recurrent disorder that impairs functioning and reduces quality of life; it is currently ranked as the largest contributor to disease-related disability worldwide. It is of particular importance for women’s health because, from early adolescence onwards, women are roughly twice as likely as men to experience depression. Depression is a multifactorial disorder, with evidence of influences from genetic and other predisposing individual characteristics, exposure to adverse perinatal and childhood experiences, and more immediately precipitating stressors. As a result, a number of different developmental pathways may be involved, mediated via impacts on aspects of neurobiological, psychological, and social development. This chapter provides an overview of recent evidence on these themes. It begins by sketching epidemiological findings on changing rates and gender ratios in depressive disorders from childhood to older age. It then examines the main domains of risk for depressive conditions, exploring recent evidence on the extent to which men and women differ in exposure or susceptibility to risks that affect both sexes, and whether some gender-specific risks may be involved. Throughout, it highlights the differing pathways through which individual vulnerabilities, childhood adversities, and later stressors have been argued to combine to contribute to the genesis of depression.
A Life Course Approach to Body Weight
Authors: Hardy Rebecca , Howe Laura D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Overweight and obesity are acknowledged as a major public health challenge worldwide. In this chapter, we review the measurement of body weight across the life course, time trends in body mass index (BMI), the life course development of body weight, the health and social consequences of BMI, and some of the known causes of body weight. We highlight where exposures are unique to women, or where there are sex differences in associations. Given the rising prevalence of obesity, the known health consequences, and the stark social inequalities, there is a pressing need for action. The high prevalence of obesity during childhood suggests a need for early life intervention, but the fact that the majority of adults with obesity were not obese during childhood highlights the need for continued action across the whole life course.
A Life Course Approach to Women’s Health Care
Authors: Stephenson Judith , Hall Jennifer , Wilson Louise F. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines a life course approach for the organisation and delivery of women’s health care, largely from a high-income-country perspective. It considers the intuitive relevance of a life course approach, the potential for early intervention to reduce disease risk, the outcomes of such interventions, and the attendant implications for the delivery of health care. It then summarises the main evidence for the impact of implementing a life course approach across populations, illustrated by examples from the UK and Australia. It ends with a brief consideration of the effects, positive as well as negative, of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s health care.
Creating
Authors: Barrett Graham 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter is dedicated to the who, how, when, and where of the documentation. When we look for agents of literacy in early medieval Iberia, we find that primary literacy is nearly invisible amongst both the parties and witnesses to the transactions: in this society of secondary literacy, where making use of the written word by proxy was the norm, scribes become our quarry. If we pursue for whom they wrote, we can identify a broad network of scribes. We can trace their working methods, operating within a framework of standardised language derived from earlier charters, yet showing signs of regionalism, localism, individualism in customising formulaic texts to concrete moments. Scribes interacted with parties and witnesses in a dynamic relationship which unfolds over the preparation and placement of the charter on parchment, its relationship in time to the transaction which it documents, and the context of confirmation, location as well as audience. Charters thereby emerge as far from simple records of transactions, becoming convergences of people and place, context and content, reaching out from text into the realm of speaking and hearing. By seeking a home for the charter, we find a society organised around the written word at one remove.
Building Peace, Rebuilding Patriarchy
Authors: Johnston Melissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Men and women do not experience war, violence, and peace in the same ways. Accordingly, peacebuilding interventions now incorporate “gender mainstreaming” and stand-alone “gender-and-development.” These gender interventions should make peacebuilding more effective and sustainable, facilitating stable societies and efficient economies. But success has been mixed. Timor-Leste offers an instructive case. Interventions on gender-responsive budgeting, domestic violence, and microfinance have uneven results. Whereas women’s participation in national politics in Timor-Leste is high by international standards, deep inequalities remain, inequality between rural and urban areas is growing, and violence against women is endemic across the country. Feminists have found fault with gender interventions, saying they don’t go far enough, and scholars of the local turn have suggested that focusing on gender encourages backlash against interventions. Instead of concentrating on a clash of local and international, Building Peace, Rebuilding Patriarchy uses gender and class to explain the uneven outcomes. The text argues that peacebuilders made concessions to elites and violent men in order to keep the peace, a tendency amplified by local-turn approaches to peacebuilding. This tendency has reinforced the valorization of armed masculinity, associated most strongly with the dominant class, which has in turn justified the unequal distribution of state petroleum resources. As well, gender, class, and domestic violence are connected through brideprice, rendering legal and political reforms ineffective. Lastly, microfinance was supposed to empower women and grow the economy, but its main beneficiaries were elites, repeating patterns of accumulation and rule through debt established during the Indonesian era.
The Political Economy of Domestic Violence
Authors: Johnston Melissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4, along with Chapter 5. move the discussion away from state power and resource distribution to legislative and governance issues, beginning with the introduction and implementation of the 2010 Law Against Domestic Violence (LADV), the most ambitious and controversial area of gender intervention. Under the LADV, legal aid and evidence gathering have improved, and community awareness of domestic violence as a public crime, rather than a private issue between couples, has grown. On the other hand, funding for the LADV remains precarious, police and lawyers have not implemented its recommendations, few women have access to formal justice, and violence against women (including domestic violence) remains very high. The central argument of this chapter is that the political economy of domestic violence has qualified the results of LADV as a gender intervention. Male leaders and family members are compensated with cash and animals when a woman experiences male partner violence.
Conclusion
Authors: Johnston Melissa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The conclusion shows how the study has pushed forward the analysis of gender interventions by using a structural feminist political economy approach. Such a framework reveals that gender relations are a key aspect of broader processes through which the dominant class has secured its position in independent Timor-Leste. The study refers to the political economy of violence against women to explain material (resource and power-related) drivers of high levels of such violence in postconflict Timor-Leste. As a crucial factor in both gender and class structural power relations, kinship is a component of this framework, although it has been neglected by theoretical strands of feminist political economy and structural political economy. The conclusion then provides an overview of empirical findings and some implications for study and further policy work.
Business Group Spillovers
Authors: Naaraayanan S Lakshmi , Wolfenzon Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We compare the investment of standalone firms across regions after a positive shock to the investment opportunities generated by a large-scale highway development project. We show that the standalones’ investment sensitivity is lower in regions with a higher density of business groups in the local area. We investigate mechanisms driving our results and find support for a financing mechanism whereby banks allocate capital preferentially to group-affiliated firms in responding to the increase in credit demand. Overall, our study documents that business groups have spillover effects on standalone firms.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online
Access to paved roads, gender, and youth unemployment in rural areas: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Nga Ndjobo Patrick Marie , Abessolo Yves André 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe poor development of road infrastructure is one of the main obstacles to economic activity and therefore to employment in rural areas of sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Using cross‐sectional data from 31 SSA countries, this study examines, from a gender perspective, the effect of access to paved roads on youth unemployment in rural areas in the region. The seemingly unrelated bivariate probit framework has been adopted in analysing the data. This approach is used for addressing the possible endogeneity bias that occurs when the dependent variable and regressor are both endogenous and binary. The major finding of this study reveals that access to paved roads in rural areas reduces the probability that young people will face unemployment. The aforementioned is more pronounced for young women than for young men. Moreover, the greater the proximity to the road increases, the greater its reducing effect on the probability of young people being unemployed. It is therefore important that the development of road infrastructure in rural areas be at the centre of public policies to address youth unemployment in SSA countries. This will significantly increase women's empowerment, through their participation in the labour market, and the full economic participation of young people.
Finding your ethical research self: A guidebook for novice qualitative researchers
Authors: Pitt Lesley 
Published: July 2023

A review of 'Finding your ethical research self: A guidebook for novice qualitative researchers' by Martin Tolich and Emma Tumilty

Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. ISBN: 978-0-367-17478-1, pp.208, Paperback, Hardback and ebook $71
Association of astrocyte-specific gene expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with treatment-resistant schizophrenia
Authors: Mas Sergi , Prohens  , Rodriguez Natalia , Segura Alex , Martinez-Pinteño Albert , Olivares-Berjaga David , Martínez Irene , Mezquida  , Santas-Martín Jon A , Morentin Benito , Meana J. , Callado Luis , Rivero Guadalupe , Gasso Patricia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is defined as the absence of symptomatic response to two different adequately administered antipsychotic drugs other than clozapine, which is the most effective drug in these patients. Gene expression profiling studies could be a valuable tool in identifying the specific genes and pathways involved in the mechanism of action of clozapine, leading to a better understanding of the molecular biology underlying TRS. We analyzed gene co-expression modules (clusters of genes with highly correlated expression) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of postmortem brains from patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. We aimed to identify the co-expressed modules that reflect the genetic differences between clozapine-treated and non-clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia as a proxy of TRS. Gene expression of DLPFC samples from 26 subjects with schizophrenia (13 clozapine treated and 13 non-clozapine treated) were analyzed using Clariom S Human Array. Raw gene expression data from 37 healthy controls was downloaded from the GSE92538 datasets. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to identify modules of co-expressed genes and to test its association with clozapine treatment using a test for interaction. As a result of our analysis of the gene co-expression architecture in the DLPFC, among the 13 modules identified, one module (green) was significantly associated with clozapine treatment. This module was significantly enriched in astrocyte markers and genes involved in the polygenic architecture of TRS. This finding provides cell type-specific associations that could help in the interpretation of the neurobiological basis of TRS. A better understanding of the specific DLPFC cell types involved in TRS will contribute to the study of potential pathways and ultimately help improve psychiatric classification tools in personalized medicine.