bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Leadership and Environmental Mechanisms in a Super League Netball Club
Authors: Vinson Don , Navin Anita , Lamont Alison , Turnnidge Jennifer , Côté Jean 
Published: April 2023

The personal assets framework offers a lens to better understand the relationship between leadership in sport environments and the resultant (athlete) developmental outcomes. This investigation aimed to explore how leadership behaviors and the broader environment of a Super League netball club represented an effective context for athletes to flourish by exploring the interrelations between the personal assets framework’s dynamic elements, namely (a) quality social dynamics, (b) appropriate settings, and (c) personal engagement in activities. Twenty-eight stakeholders were interviewed either individually or in small groups. The results revealed that the environment constructed was shaped by many interrelated mechanisms, and all stakeholders influenced how the dynamic elements intersected with one another. Key leadership behaviors driving the positive environment of the club were related to individualization and generating perceptions of value. The stakeholders’ desire to understand the relationship between their individual contribution and Super League netball was also crucial.
Intergenerational spillover effects of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review and future directions for research
Authors: Schröder Henning , Yapa H. Manisha , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Thirumurthy Harsha , Seeley Janet , Bärnighausen Till , De Neve Jan-Walter 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAntiretroviral therapy (ART) may influence individuals who do not receive the intervention but who are connected in some way to the person who does. Relatively little is known, however, about the size and scope of, what we term, spillover effects of ART. We explored intergenerational spillover effects of ART in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and identified several directions for future research.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review between March and April 2022. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EconLit, OTseeker, AIDSInfo, Web of Science, CINHAL, Google Scholar and African Index Medicus. We analysed the distribution of included studies over time and summarised their findings. We examined the intergenerational impact of ART provision to working-age adults living with HIV on children (‘downward’ spillover effects) and older adults (‘upward’ spillover effects). We categorised types of intergenerational spillover effects according to broad themes which emerged from our analysis of included studies.FindingsWe identified 26 studies published between 2005 and 2022 with 16 studies assessing spillover effects from adults to children (downward), and 1 study explicitly assessing spillover effects from working-age adults to older adults (upward). The remaining studies did not fully specify the direction of spillover effects. Most spillover effects of ART to household and family members were beneficial and included improvements in wealth, labour market outcomes, health outcomes and health services utilisation, schooling, and household composition. Both children and older adults benefited from ART availability among adults. Detrimental spillover effects were only reported in three studies and included financial and opportunity costs associated with health services utilisation and food insecurity in the first year after ART.ConclusionsART may lead to substantial spillover effects across generations and sectors in SSA. Further research is needed to capitalise on positive spillover effects while mitigating potential negative spillover effects. The returns to investments in large-scale health interventions such as ART may be underestimated without considering these societal benefits.
Epidemiology of adverse events attributed to airway management in paediatric anaesthesia: protocol for the prospective, multicentre, registry-based, cross-sectional Japan Pediatric Difficult Airway in Anesthesia study (J-PEDIA)
Authors: Kojima Taiki , Yamauchi Yusuke , Watanabe Fumio , Ichiyanagi Shogo , Kobayashi Yasuma , Kaiho Yu , Kasuya Shugo , Urayama Kevin Y , Kuratani Norifumi , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionFailure to secure an airway during general anaesthesia is a major cause of adverse events (AEs) in children. The safety of paediatric anaesthesia may be improved by identifying the incidence of AEs and their attributed risk factors. The aim of the current study is to obtain real-world data on the incidence of adverse peri-intubation events and assess their association with patient characteristics (including the prevalence of difficult airway features) and choice of anaesthesia management. These data can be used to develop a targeted education programme for anaesthesia providers towards quality improvement activities.Methods and analysisThis prospective, multicentre, registry-based, cross-sectional study will be conducted in four tertiary care hospitals in Japan from June 2022 to May 2025. Children <18 years of age undergoing surgical and/or diagnostic test procedures under general anaesthesia or sedation by anaesthesiologists will be enrolled in this study. Data on patient characteristics, discipline of anaesthesia providers and methodology of airway management will be collected through a standardised verification system. The exposure of interest is the presence of difficult airway features defined based on the craniofacial appearance. The primary and secondary endpoints are all AEs associated with airway management and reduced peripheral capillary oxygen saturation values. Potential confounders are related to the failure to secure the airway and variations in the anaesthesia providers’ levels, adjusted using hierarchical multivariable regression models with mixed effects. The sample size was calculated to be approximately 16 000 assuming a 99% probability of obtaining a 95% Wilson CI with±0.3% of the half-width for the 2.0% of the incidence of critical AEs.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center (2021051). The results will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal and a relevant academic conference.Trial registration numberUMIN000047351.
Factors associated with having COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women in Metro Manila, Philippines: a multicentre longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Llamas-Clark Erlidia F , Heralde Francisco M , Lumandas Mayan U , Cagayan Maria Stephanie Fay S , Villanueva-Uy Maria Esterlita T , Chavez-Coloma Leilani C , Valencia Eleyneth I , Cabana Charizze Anne S , Espinosa Lea Bernadette H , Anzures Cynthia U , Andal Maria Lu D , Martin Carolina Paula C , Suarez Patricia Nevira V , Quanico Celine D , Beltran Julia B , de Guzman Vanessa D , Capitulo Ryan B , Dominguez Arlene R , Recio Abygail L , Feliciano Jeremiah F , Baja Emmanuel S , Rosell-Ubial Paulyn Jean B 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo determine the potential risk factors associated with having COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women.DesignA multicentre prospective cohort study among eligible women in Metro Manila, Philippines, from 2020 to 2022.SettingFive national and local hospital research sites altogether recruited and screened 500 consenting eligible individuals.ParticipantsPregnant and non-pregnant participants meeting the eligibility criteria were admitted for a reverse-transcription PCR determination of SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy testing and ultrasound, and an interview with an administered questionnaire.ExposuresPrimary exposure was pregnancy; secondary exposures involve sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric-gynaecologic factors.Outcome measureOutcome being measured was COVID-19 status.ResultsThe significant COVID-19 risk factors were: pregnancy (PR=1.184, 95% CI 1.096, 1.279), having a white-collar job (PR=1.123, 95% CI 1.02, 1.235), travelling abroad (PR=1.369, 95% CI 1.083, 1.173) and being infected by at least one vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) (PR=1.208, 95% CI 1.113, 1.310). Protective factors included having graduate-level education (PR=0.787, 95% CI 0.649, 0.954), immunisation against a VPD (PR=0.795, 95% CI 0.733, 0.862) and practising contraception (PR=0.889, 95% CI 0.824, 0.960).ConclusionThis study is the first in the country to determine the risks influencing COVID-19 infection among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women. Pregnancy is a significant risk for COVID-19 among women in Metro Manila. Educational attainment and positive health behaviours seem to confer protection. Occupations and activities that increase the frequency of interactions, as well as history of communicable diseases may predispose women to COVID-19. Further studies are needed to elucidate the development of the disease in pregnant women, including the maternal and neonatal effects of COVID-19 via potential vertical mechanisms of transmission.
Methocarbamol versus diazepam in acute low back pain in the emergency department: a randomised double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Sharifi Meisam , Abdorazzaghnejad Ali , Yazdchi Mahtab , Bahreini Maryam 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAcute low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in the emergency department and achieving effective analgesia can be challenging.MethodsIn this multicentre randomised double-blind clinical trial conducted at three EDs in Iran from August to November 2020, we assessed the efficacy and adverse effects of two muscle relaxants in patients aged 18 years or older who suffered LBP in the last 6 weeks. Group 1 received intravenous methocarbamol and group 2 received intravenous diazepam followed by a weight-based dose of intravenous morphine in both groups. Exclusion criteria mainly included non-spine aetiologies, cord compression, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, renal/hepatic insufficiency, pregnancy, breast feeding and unstable vital signs. Pain scores and adverse events were measured by a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline and after 30 and 60 min by one of the researchers who was not involved with patient visits and was blinded to the intervention. We usedt-test to assess the mean difference of NRS at 30 and 60 min.ResultsOut of 101 enrolled patients, 50 participants received methocarbamol and 51 diazepam. The baseline mean pain scores and demographic characteristics were not different between the study groups. Pain scores were reduced by both agents after 60 min, with slightly greater pain reductions in the diazepam group in comparison with methocarbamol (mean difference −6.1, 95% CI −6.5 to −5.7 vs mean difference −5.2, 95% CI –5.7 to −4.7, respectively, p<0.001). ED length of stay of patients did not differ between the groups (methocarbamol 5.9 vs diazepam 4.8 hours, p=0.365). Patients receiving diazepam were more likely to report drowsiness (2 (4.0%) vs 15 (29.4%), p=0.001).ConclusionsIn patients with LBP, the pain was relieved in the methocarbamol and diazepam groups after 60 min. Although diazepam was more effective, its use was associated with a slightly higher risk of drowsiness.Trial registration numberThe protocol of this clinical trial was prospectively registered in the irct.ir (IRCTID: IRCT20151113025025N4;https://irct.ir/trial/50148) .
Intraoperative angiography during neurosurgical procedures on patients in prone, three-quarters prone, and park-bench positions: tertiary single-center experience with systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vivanco-Suarez Juan , Sioutas Georgios S , Matache Irina-Mihaela , Muhammad Najib , Salem Mohamed M , Kandregula Sandeep , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundThere is limited evidence about the role and effectiveness of intraoperative angiography (IOA) during neurosurgical procedures with patients in prone, three-quarters prone, and park-bench positions.ObjectiveTo carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IOA during neurosurgical procedures.MethodsWe reviewed (between January 1960 and July 2022) all studies in which IOAs were performed during neurosurgical procedures with patients in either prone, three-quarters prone, or park-bench positions. Additionally, a cohort of patients from our institutional experience was included. Efficacy outcomes were the rate of successful angiography and the rate of surgical adjustment/revision after IOA. Safety outcomes were the rate of angiography-related complications and mortality. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed.ResultsA total of 26 studies with 142 patients plus 32 subjects from our institution were included in the analysis. The rate of successful intraoperative angiography was 98% (95% CI 94% to 99%; I2=0%). The rate of surgical adjustment/revision was 18% (95% CI 12% to 28%; I2=0%). The rate of complications related to the angiography was 1% (95% CI 0% to 5%; I2=0%). There were no deaths associated with IOA.ConclusionWe found that IOA performed with patients in prone, three-quarters prone, and park-bench positions is feasible and safe with a non-negligible rate of intraoperative post-angiographical surgical adjustment/revision. Our findings suggest that the performance of IOA to complement vascular neurosurgical procedures might have a valuable role in favoring patient outcomes.
National Institutes of Health grant funding for cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Jabal Mohamed Sobhi , Ghozy Sherief , Arul Santhosh , Naylor Ryan M , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundFederal research funding is highly sought after but may be challenging to attain. A clear understanding of funding for specific diseases, such as cerebrovascular disorders, might help researchers regarding which National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutes fund research into specific disorders and grant types.ObjectiveTo examine the current scope of NIH grant funding for cerebrovascular conditions.MethodsThe NIH-developed RePORTER was used to extract active NIH-funded studies related to cerebrovascular diseases through January 2023. Duplicate studies were removed, and projects were manually screened and labeled in subcategories as clinical and basic science and as research subcategories. Extracted data included total funding, grant types, institutions that received funding, and diseases studied. Python (version 3.9) and SciPy library were used for statistical analyses.ResultsWe identified 1232 cerebrovascular projects across seven diseases with US$699 952 926 in total funding. The cerebrovascular diseases with the greatest number of grants were ischemic stroke (705, or 57.2% of all funded projects), carotid disease (193, or 15.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (163, or 13.2%). R01 grants were the most common mechanism of funding (632 grants, or 51.3%). The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) funded the most projects (504 projects; US$325 536 405), followed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (376 projects; US$216 784 546).ConclusionCerebrovascular disease receives roughly US$700 million in NIH funding. Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of NIH-funded cerebrovascular projects, and R01 grants are the most common funding mechanism. Notably, NHLBI provides a large proportion of funding, in addition to NINDS.
Experiences of initiating rapid antiretroviral therapy among people newly diagnosed with HIV in East London: a qualitative study
Authors: Dhairyawan Rageshri , Milner Adrienne , Thornhill John P , Kwardem Longret , Matin Nashaba , Orkin Chloe , Deane Kevin 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the experiences of people who initiated rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 7 days of HIV diagnosis, as part of routine care in London.MethodsUsing purposive sampling, 18 in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted between December 2020 and September 2021 with people who started rapid ART at Barts Health NHS Trust. Participants aged 22–69 years included 15 cisgender men and three cisgender women. Five identified as heterosexual and 13 as gay and bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Ethnic identities: six White Non-UK, five White UK, three Black Caribbean, two South Asian and two East Asian. Interviews explored feelings about the new HIV diagnosis, attitudes to rapid ART including barriers to and facilitators of starting. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews was undertaken.ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) being offered rapid ART is acceptable; (2) it is a way of taking control of their health; (3) the need for information and support and (4) an individualised approach to care. Reasons for starting included getting well, staying well and reducing the likelihood of passing on HIV. Facilitators included being given comprehensive information about treatment and managing potential side-effects and a supportive clinical team. Support specified included a non-judgemental attitude, approachability, reassurance, encouragement and information about peer support. Most participants expressed they could not understand why people would not begin treatment, but suggested needing more time to decide and denial of diagnosis as possible barriers.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study exploring the experiences of people initiating rapid ART in the UK. It was deemed acceptable to an ethnically diverse, predominantly male sample of people newly diagnosed with HIV. Future research should include strategies to recruit a more gender diverse sample and those who declined or stopped rapid ART.
Tobacco control research on the African continent: a 22-year literature review and network analysis
Authors: Twesten Jenny E , Stecher Chad , Arinaitwe Jim , Parascandola Mark 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Describe the landscape of tobacco-related topics, funders and institutional networks in Africa.

Data sources
We searched PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus for published articles from January 1996 to August 2018 in any language.

Study selection
Two researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts for a focus on nicotine or tobacco product(s) and describe data or recommendations specific to Africa. Ultimately, 818 articles were identified.

Data extraction
Three independent coders conducted qualitative analyses of articles and extracted funders, study populations, countries of research focus, research topics, tobacco products, study design and data source. A bibliometric analysis estimated coauthorship networks between the countries of authors’ primary institutional affiliation.

Data synthesis
All 54 African countries were represented in two or more articles. The coauthorship network included 2714 unique authors representing 90 countries. Most articles employed a cross-sectional study design with primary data collection, focused on cigarettes and studied use behaviour. Few articles examined tobacco farming or interventions for cessation or prevention. The most frequently cited funder was the US National Institutes of Health (27.2%). A range of coauthorship patterns existed between African institutions with some coauthoring with one institution while others coauthored with 761 institutions in other African countries.

Conclusions
The literature review identified the need for implementation research for tobacco control interventions and policies, economic and development impacts of tobacco use research, and tobacco industry and tobacco production and farming research. Numbers of research collaborations between institutions in Africa vary, suggesting the need for regional institutional capacity building.
Constant-roll inflation in modified $$f(R,\phi )$$ gravity model using Palatini formalism
Authors: Panda Sukanta , Rana Arun , Thakur Rahul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the Palatini formalism using modified gravity. Here our action consists a non-minimal coupling of a scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
with Ricci scalar R in a general form of $$f(R,\phi )$$

f
(
R
,
ϕ
)

. Using Palatini approach, we write its equivalent scalar-tensor form in the Einstein frame and then apply the constant-roll condition in the equation of motion for the inflaton field. Later the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the spectral index are calculated using the slow-roll parameters and the results obtained are matched with the Planck 2018 data. We found that the results agree nicely with the observations within the parameter regime under consideration.
Lessons learned from
in situ
corrosion experiments in the HADES URL
Authors: Kursten Bruno , Caes Sébastien , de Souza Valdir , Gaggiano Roberto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

A wide range of metals have been studied as a candidate container material to be considered in the geological disposal concept of high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel in Belgium. More than 40 years ago, SCK CEN started studies on the corrosion of these metals. The HADES underground research laboratory (URL) played an important role in the corrosion research as it enabled
in situ
corrosion experiments to be carried out that simulate realistic disposal conditions as closely as possible. These experiments consisted of placing metallic coupons on a steel support tube, heated from the inside, that was installed in Boom Clay, thereby exposing the coupons to various conditions representative of the disposal concept that was considered at that time. Test durations lasted from 6 months to approximately 7.5 years. This paper summarizes the results from the various corrosion studies and discusses their implications in the choice of disposal concept. One of the main outcomes of these experiments was a change of rationale regarding the choice of the container material from carbon steel (corrosion-allowance) to stainless steel (corrosion-resistant). The main arguments for this change were the need to avoid severe pitting corrosion during the aerobic period and to minimize the generation of hydrogen gas during the subsequent anaerobic period.