bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A historical perspective on HLA
Authors: Bodmer Walter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The discovery of the history of the HLA system is reviewed from the earliest attempts at cancer transfers between mice, through the discovery of the mouse H-2 system on mouse red blood cells, the discovery of HLA class II and II antigens by use of sera from multiparous women, to the resolution of the HLA and H-2 functions explained by the attachment of intra cellular peptides to the HLA antigen grooves on the cell surface. The study of the associations between HLA types and diseases forms the basis for the subsequent extensive study of the genetics of human complex disease and phenotypes by GWAS (Genome Wide Association Studies).
Assessing Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Authors: Sündermann Oliver , Veale David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is common but is often overlooked in clinical settings. This chapter first outlines how to screen for BDD in routine clinical practice, how to diagnose it accurately, and how to differentiate it from other mental health problems and normal appearance concerns. Next, the text describes how to assess outcome, severity, body image quality of life, and processes that are thought to maintain BDD. Last, the chapter addresses a cognitive-behavioral framework for assessment that elicits the core information used to build the client’s psychological formulation. The cognitive-behavioral assessment is based on an updated CBT model that evolves around the notion that people with BDD experience distressing mental imagery of their disliked features, maintained by self-focused attention and safety-seeking behaviors.
Assessing Trichotillomania and Skin-Picking Disorder
Authors: Biscarri Clark Sydney , Lahoud Ashley , Flessner Christopher A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Pathological hair-pulling (trichotillomania, TTM) and skin-picking disorder (SPD) are body-focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs) that can cause significant distress and impairment for those affected with the disorders. The literature related to BFRBs is in its infancy compared to literature on other disorders, which can make assessing the conditions particularly difficult for clinicians and clinical researchers. This chapter provides an overview of the available measurement tools for TTM and SPD, along with information related to the psychometric properties of each tool. Many of the measures described require further psychometric testing in larger clinical samples. Furthermore, TTM and SPD should be assessed using multiple modalities, including clinician interview, self-report, and other objective measures. While assessment of TTM and SPD requires further development overall, the development of measures for assessing these disorders in youth is in most need of attention, especially given that the age of onset for the disorders is often during adolescence.
Pharmacological Treatments for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Brennan Brian P. , Dougherty Darin D. , Rauch Scott L. , Jenike Michael A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Progress in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has accelerated in recent years. Effective first-line treatments include behavior therapy and medications, with overwhelming evidence supporting the efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). Second-line medication treatments for OCD include augmentation of SRIs with neuroleptics, glutamate modulators, clonazepam, or buspirone, with limited support for other strategies at present. Alternative monotherapies (e.g., buspirone, clonazepam, phenelzine) have more limited supporting data and require further study. Behavior therapy is as effective as medication and may be superior in risks, costs, and enduring benefits. Future rigorous research is needed to determine which patients respond preferentially to which medications, at what dose, and after what duration. Emerging treatments include new compounds acting via serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, and opioid systems.
Cognitive Treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Yule Morag A. , Whittal Maureen L. , Robichaud Melisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The cornerstone of cognitive therapy (CT) for OCD is based upon the knowledge that unwanted intrusions are essentially a universal experience. Therefore, it is not the presence of the intrusion that is problematic, but rather the associated meaning or interpretation of the intrusion. Treatment is flexible, depending upon the nature of the appraisals and beliefs, but it can include strategies focused on targeting inflated responsibility and overestimation of threat, importance and control of thoughts, and the need for perfectionism and certainty. The role of concealment and the relationship to personal values are important maintaining and etiological factors. Short- and long-term treatment outcomes are reviewed, along with predictors of treatment response and mechanisms of action, and the discussion concludes with future directions for CT for OCD.
Treatment of Trichotillomania and Skin-Picking Disorder
Authors: Franklin Martin E. , Antinoro Diana , Ricketts Emily J. , Woods Douglas W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder are classified in the DSM-5 under the broader category of OCD and related disorders, and each of these conditions share both topographical and functional similarities to one another. The treatment literatures for both conditions suggest a growing evidence base, grounded in randomized controlled trial methodology, that supports certain behavioral treatments, most notably habit reversal training and derivative treatments such as acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy. The extant pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy literatures for each are discussed, habit reversal is described, examples of a habit reversal training protocol are presented, and current efforts in treatment development and recommendations for future directions in research are provided.
Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Hoarding Disorder
Authors: Frost Randy O. , Woolley Mercedes 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although scientific research on it began only in 1993, hoarding became an official mental disorder 20 years later with the publication of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. In more than 25 years of research, a great deal has been learned about this fascinating disorder. This chapter addresses the phenomenology and epidemiology of hoarding disorder. Diagnostic criteria and specifying features of the disorder are reviewed in detail, with a focus on research related to each, including an overview of the attachments to possessions that define the need to save them. Among the attachments to possessions are opportunity and identity-related, comfort and safety-related, responsibility-related, and aesthetically related attachments. Also covered is the research on prevalence, onset, course, demographics, comorbidities, and associated features, along with an overview of the relatively few cross-cultural studies.
Genetic Understanding of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Disorders
Authors: Samuels Jack 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews current understanding of the genetic basis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), focusing on recent findings from genome-wide association studies and other molecular genetic research. Several genetic variants have been found to be associated with OCD, including genes implicated in glutamate signaling in brain circuits relevant to OCD. However, OCD is probably genetically complex, with interactions between multiple genetic and environmental factors contributing to the risk, course, and severity of the disorder, as well as response to treatment. Large studies to identify common and rare genetic variants are underway, and new methods are being developed to integrate the findings from multiple interaction networks and to elucidate the genetic basis of OCD.
Slums
Authors: Harris Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This global historical survey considers how governments have dealt with slums. The term “slum” is used broadly, to denote low-income and often stigmatized areas that contain substandard or illegal housing, overcrowding, insecure tenure, and unhealthy living conditions, while lacking basic services. Faced with such conditions, a government has three options: It can ignore them, hoping the problem will go away of its own accord. It can flatten them, hoping they will not reappear elsewhere. Or it can work to make them better. Which option is chosen depends in large part on governmental resources, but also the balance of local power. Over the past century, clearance has been discredited and has declined, but is still employed. Improvement (upgrading) has become relatively more common. The reasons are complex but include the growth of the state, the diffusion of democracy, and the rise in urban homeownership.
Haussmann and the Rebuilding of Paris, 1853–1870
Authors: Paccoud Antoine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While it has become common-place to associate the name “Haussmann” with slum clearance, this assessment needs to be rethought in light of the extensive literature on the public works that transformed Paris in the mid-nineteenth century. This chapter shows that while the transformation of Paris did result in the destruction of a number of working-class neighborhoods, “slum clearance” was likely not Napoleon III and Haussmann’s overarching motivation. This more nuanced interpretation of the public works relies on the spatial unevenness of the urban renovations and of their impacts, Haussmann’s particular conception of Paris and its population, and his planning practice, which sought to wrench planning away from property owner influences.
The Archaeology of Immigrant Lives and Livelihoods at New York City’s Five Points
Authors: Yamin Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The results of an archaeological project done in the 1990s in the heart of the old Five Points neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York, are used to discuss the lives of Eastern European Jewish garment workers on Orange (later Baxter) Street. The study highlights the meaning America had for newly arrived Jewish immigrants and how it was expressed in the archaeological record. Ethnicity is stressed as the bond that linked Jews from different backgrounds and contributed to their eventual economic success. The role of Jews does not loom large in the stereotypical construction of the Five Points “slum,” but their presence adds new complexity to what is otherwise described as a down-and-out and dangerous neighborhood.
Archaeologies of Disadvantage in the Modern City
Authors: Murray Tim 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the broad outcomes of over twenty years of research into the archaeology of two key sites in Sydney and Melbourne. It outlines the development of the theory and the method that was used to unlock the material histories of areas that had been widely regarded as slums and the lairs of the disadvantaged, and sketches the consequences of a reconsideration of life at the margins of two major colonial cities during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Sites discussed in the chapter include a range of places in Sydney and Melbourne’s Little Lon, also known as the Commonwealth Block. The chapter also describes the process of developing documentary and archaeological datasets.
The Intimate Relationship Between Slums and Racial Segregation
Authors: Bickford-Smith Vivian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter provides a chronological overview from the 1850s onward of when, how, and why areas of deprivation and poor housing in South Africa were imagined as “slums.” It argues that such imagining played a major role in the creation and maintenance of racial categorization and segregation, and that racialized pathologizing of inner-city places became central to demands for “slum clearance.” This led to the removal of inhabitants not deemed to be “white” to townships on the outskirts of South African cities, or compounds and labor barracks for single men sometimes closer to their center. However bad their condition, these segregated dormitory spaces were not condemned as slums, and indeed fell beyond the remit of the South African Slums Act introduced in 1934. Key to this process was the racialization of the distinction made by middle-class observers in metropolitan Britain between the deserving poor and a dangerous residuum.
Informality as Process and the Social Construction of Slums
Authors: King Ross 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Crucially in Southeast Asian cities, the production of alleged “slums” relates to rural-to-urban migration (rural decline, the allure of the cities), also to political and economic flight (Burmese and Khmer in Bangkok, for instance), less so to urban displacement (the de-industrialization prevalent in the West). However, in more recent times these processes intersect with counter-forces of middle-class gentrification, dreams of urban beautification, and fears of rural-to-urban invasion. There are simultaneously waves of the informal and the formal seen as process in urban space, accounting for entirely new imaginings of slums. The chapter uses a series of case studies to illustrate these processes: in Thailand, Sukhumvit and the Khlong Toei Slums of Bangkok, the cannal communities in Bangkok’s northern Bangkhen district, and conflicts of the Chao Phraya riverbanks; in Indonesia, the kampung of Jakarta and the Kampung Improvement Programs of Surabaya; and in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur’s Kampung Baru.
Slum Statistics in India
Authors: Kundu Amitabh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This discussion of the concept of slums is based on an overview of research studies and policy documents at global, national, and regional levels, and the problems that these reveal in analyzing trends and patterns using the available databases. It takes stock of the existing information on housing and slum conditions in India, identifies the data gaps, and proposes measures to remedy these for their greater usability. The key objective is to rescue the concept of “slum” from its hitherto negativist framework. This is attempted by introducing the concept of the tenability of slums, constructing slum vulnerability indices and designing strategies of inclusive urban development while making a strong case for in situ upgradation. It is argued that the inclusion of a positive indicator of tenability, replacing the negative indicators of illegality, immorality, and the like, would increase the coverage of deprived urban dwellers under state-sponsored slum improvement missions.
La Perla, Puerto Rico
Authors: Urban Florian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
La Perla, Puerto Rico’s most famous “slum,” developed since the early 1900s outside the walls of Old San Juan, the historic Old Town of the Puerto Rican capital. By the mid-twentieth century, La Perla was a symbol of the poverty and deprivation that development and scientifically informed planning attempted to resolve. It became the subject of various improvement plans with varying degrees of inhabitant participation. Comparing building types, ownership structures, and municipal policies throughout La Perla’s history, this chapter questions the validity of the formal-informal distinction that is fundamental in recent literature on “slums,” and engrained in development and modernization ideologies. In terms of architecture, planning, and legal situation, the neighborhood has been characterized by a combination of formal and informal elements. There was both self-help construction and profit-driven development, stable and improvised buildings, unequal power relations, and strong economic ties to the rest of the city.
Censorship and Selective Support for the Arts
Authors: Soucek Brian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
If works of art vary in their moral character or the moral effects they have on their audience, the government or private parties may want to take steps to restrict morally problematic art or promote art that ennobles. In the United States, direct governmental regulation of artistic expression is, for the most part, constitutionally prohibited—though obscenity, antidiscrimination, and historic preservation laws provide important exceptions. As or more important, though, in their effect on the arts are governmental choices about what and what not to subsidize, as well as private choices about what arts to promote or boycott, or to regulate by invoking protections such as copyright. Whether or not these examples should all be described as censorship, they all play a regulative role in what art gets made, seen, and preserved.
Ethics and Imagination
Authors: Shim Joy , Liao Shen-yi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter identifies and presents predominant debates at the intersection of ethics and imagination. The authors begin by examining issues on whether imagination can be constrained by ethical considerations, such as the moral evaluation of imagination, the potential for morality’s constraining our imaginative abilities, and the possibility of moral norms’ governing our imaginings. In the next section, the authors present accounts that posit imagination’s integral role in cultivating ethical lives, both through engagements with narrative artworks and in reality. Finally, the chapter concludes with a focus on the possibility of imagination constituting or constructing new ethical or political frameworks.
Beyond “Stopping”
Authors: Whitlock Janis L. , Lloyd-Richardson Elizabeth E. , Woolsen Josie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers recovery from nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) under the notion of healing and growth. It looks into how recovery has been operationalized in mental health and NSSI-specific literature. Historically, recovery originated from pathology-based paradigms that assume the need for intervention and are closely aligned with behavioral conformity to accepted norms and mores. Moreover, recovery includes dimensions of wellness, growth, dynamic, intentional, relational, policies, individually situated, community-supported, and spiritually supporting. The chapter discusses the clinical implications of recovery and practitioners using approaches such as identifying underlying psychological processes and creating short-term meetable goals. It highlights full cessation as a common therapeutic goal when concerned with self-injury.
Self-Care and the Music Educator
Authors: Sweet Bridget 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Acts of self-care have rarely been more encouraged in the music education profession than today, as symptoms of burnout impact the wellbeing of music educators around the world. Not only may acts of self-care positively improve teachers’ relationships with their important work, but efforts may influence teachers’ lives beyond the music classroom. Intentional acts may also promote self-care for music students, infusing ideas about wellness into their developing crafts. Supported by recommendations of the Health Promotion in Schools of Music Project starting places for musician self-care include vocal hygiene, hearing health, musculoskeletal issues, and psychological health. As examination of teaching practices and personal wellness habits can be challenging, additional considerations of patience, vulnerability, and confidence may assist with efforts of self-care.
Music as a Vehicle for Caring for Students with Learning Differences
Authors: Hourigan Ryan M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Students who have learning differences can be excluded from music-learning communities. Learning difference can be caused by neurological, physical, mental health, and other challenges that can obstruct a student from acquiring skills and knowledge. Because each student’s learning path may be different, connections between students, teachers, administrators, and community members may not be as strong. As a result, music educators do not often hear their story. The aim of this chapter is to provide a framework to care for differently abled students in music education from all stakeholders. This chapter will include how the essence of care should be applied to the music-learning community for differently abled members and those with learning differences in order to provide a safe and caring learning environment.
Reconsidering Musical Ability Development Through the Lens of Diversity and Bias
Authors: Hendricks Karin S. , McPherson Gary E. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter addresses care by reconsidering overly simplified and potentially harmful conceptions of music ability development. It challenges common assumptions about “giftedness” and “talent,” and details the various social, environmental, and interpersonal factors that play a role in the development of musical abilities. It offers recommendations for supporting students with a diverse range of abilities, backgrounds, and interests. Self-determination theory is used to explain ways for supporting music students’ basic psychological needs. Finally, the chapter explores how music teachers’ implicit biases might affect the ways in which teachers interact with different students, in some cases unintentionally reinforcing inequities. We offer suggestions for how to exercise care by confronting and addressing implicit biases in music-learning settings.
Caring About Caring for Music Education
Authors: Silverman Marissa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Why should music teachers care for music education? Or, more fundamentally, why should music teachers care about caring for music education? This chapter examines how care ethics can frame potentials for our students, their worlds, and their communities through, fundamentally, a better understanding of ourselves as music educators. Additionally, this chapter argues that music education—holistically conceived—is an ethical engagement with/for communities of people. Thus relatedly, explanations of why and how music making, creating, listening, and sharing contribute to many kinds of identity formation—including musical, personal, social, cultural, gendered, and ethical identity development—should be framed from a “care”—caring, care-filled, and careful—perspective.
Posttraumatic Growth after Postpartum Psychosis
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano , Twomey Teresa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore positive changes in women's beliefs, emotions, and behaviors following their struggles with postpartum psychosis.

Study Design and Methods:
This is a descriptive qualitative study of women who experienced posttraumatic growth after postpartum psychosis. We recruited participants from postings on three Facebook groups. Participants sent their stories of posttraumatic growth after postpartum psychosis via email attachment. We used the following five domains from Tedeschi and Calhoun's (2004) posttraumatic growth model to guide our deductive content analysis: Relating to Others, Personal Strength, Appreciation of Life, New Possibilities, and Spiritual and Existential Change.

Results:
Thirteen women participated. Relating to Others was the posttraumatic growth domain most often described by the participants followed in order of frequency by Personal Strength, Appreciation of Life, New Possibilities, and Spiritual and Existential Change. Partners and family members' support was instrumental in recovery from postpartum psychosis.

Clinical Implications:
When considering the total sample, participants experienced all five domains of posttraumatic growth after postpartum psychosis though not every individual experienced growth in all five domains. Interventions can be tailored to meet the needs of women depending on which phase of recovery from postpartum psychosis women are in, acute, early recovery, or advanced recovery. Advanced recovery is the most appropriate phase to discuss the possibility of posttraumatic growth with women. Such discussion should be done with caution and sensitivity as not all women experience positive growth, and it can be harmful to frame this in a way that indicates or encourages expectation.