bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Singleton consonant onset acquisition in monolingual Granada Spanish-speaking preschoolers with typical versus protracted phonological development: Impacts of word structure and feature constraints
Authors: BERNHARDT Barbara May , RAYMOND Gabriela , ÁVILA Carmen , CÁCERES SERRANO Pablo , CARBALLO Gloria , FRESNEDA Dolores , MENDOZA Elvira , HOANG Karen , LIU Lydia , MUÑOZ Juana , PÉREZ Denisse , STEMBERGER Joseph P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile consonant acquisition clearly requires mastery of different articulatory configurations (segments), sub-segmental features and suprasegmental contexts influence both order of acquisition and mismatch (error) patterns (Bérubé, Bernhardt, Stemberger & Ciocca, 2020). Constraints-based nonlinear phonology provides a comprehensive framework for investigating the impact of sub- and suprasegmental impacts on acquisition (Bernhardt & Stemberger, 1998). The current study adopted such a framework in order to investigate these questions for Granada Spanish. Single-word samples of monolingual preschoolers in Granada (29 typically developing; 30 with protracted phonological development) were transcribed by native Spanish speakers in consultation with an international team. Beta regression analyses showed significant effects of age, developmental group, and word structure variables (word length, stress, position of consonants and syllables within the word); salience, markedness and/or frequency across the phonological hierarchy accounted for many patterns. The study further demonstrates the impacts of sub- and suprasegmental constraints of the phonological system on consonant acquisition.
Cybersecurity risk assessment of VDR
Authors: Söner Ömer , Kayisoglu Gizem , Bolat Pelin , Tam Kimberly 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe voyage data recorder (VDR) is a data recording system that aims to provide all navigational, positional, communicational, sensor, control and command information for data-driven investigation of accidents onboard ships. Due to the increasing dependence on interconnected networks, cybersecurity threats are one of the most severe issues and critical problems when it comes to safeguarding sensitive information and assets. Cybersecurity issues are extremely important for the VDR, considering that modern VDRs may have internet connections for data transfer, network links to the ship's critical systems and the capacity to record potentially sensitive data. Thus, this research adopted failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) to perform a cybersecurity risk assessment of a VDR in order to identify cyber vulnerabilities and specific cyberattacks that might be launched against the VDR. The findings of the study indicate certain cyberattacks (false information, command injection, viruses) as well as specific VDR components (data acquisition unit (DAU), remote access, playback software) that required special attention. Accordingly, preventative and control measures to improve VDR cybersecurity have been discussed in detail. This research makes a contribution significantly to the improvement of ship safety management systems, particularly in terms of cybersecurity.
The Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Political Science Teaching
Authors: Glazier Rebecca A. , Strachan J. Cherie 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic abruptly changed political science higher education—shifting courses and instructors online with little preparation. What might be the long-term effects of teaching through this crisis? Combining both open-ended and forced-choice survey questions with focus-group conversations, the data reveal a picture of faculty who are doing more for students and feeling strained by the efforts. Despite the challenges of teaching online during these difficult circumstances, attitudes toward online teaching did not decline universally. Those with more experience teaching online before the pandemic held a more favorable view of online teaching when they were surveyed during the pandemic. The data also show that the emotional burden on faculty increased, with female faculty members carrying a particularly heavy load. Because online classes likely will play a major role in the future of teaching political science, understanding the pandemic’s effects—both positive and negative—is critical.
Stress Relaxing Simulation on Digital Rock: Characterize Attenuation Due To Wave‐Induced Fluid Flow and Scattering
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zhao Luanxiao , Yang Zhifang , Cao Hong , Wang Yirong , Chen Wei , Shan Rui 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDigital rock physics (DRP) is essential to understand the wave elastic and attenuation characteristics of complex porous rocks, offering insights into interpreting seismic and sonic logging data. Most of the existing DRP technology can only simulate wave‐induced fluid flow (WIFF) or scattering effects separately in a relatively narrow or single‐frequency band. To incorporate both the effects of WIFF and elastic scattering simultaneously, we develop a stress relaxing simulation (SRS) technique on digital rocks to characterize the P wave dispersion and attenuation signatures in a broad frequency band. We propose to use the combined methodology of curve resampling and wavelet‐packet denoising to suppress the high‐frequency noise of the stress relaxation curve. For a digital rock containing pore‐crack elements, we demonstrate that SRS is capable of characterizing the attenuation due to squirt flow and scattering as well as their interactions. The simulation results of wave dispersion and attenuation using SRS are overall consistent with other well‐developed DRP technology of transmitted wave simulation (high‐frequency band), forced oscillating simulation (intermediate‐frequency band), and static simulation (low‐frequency band), suggesting the reliability and robustness of the developed methodology. We also apply the SRS on a realistic 2D digital rock of porous sandstone. It is found that the attenuation due to elastic scattering of the microscopic heterogeneities is significantly higher than that caused by squirt flow, which might be caused by the lack of pore connectivity impeding the fluid exchange at the microscopic scale due to the limitation of 2D digital porous rocks.
E‐W and S‐N Differences in the Sedimentary Cover and Crystalline Crust in the Cratonic Ordos Basin From Receiver Function Analysis
Authors: Wei Zigen , Chu Risheng , Wang Jianqiang , Ling Yuan , Hu Jintao , Wu Shanshan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThicknesses and Vp/Vs ratios of sedimentary cover and crystalline crust are key parameters to study basin properties and evolution. In this paper, we develop a hi‐ki method of receiver functions to estimate the thickness (h) and Vp/Vs ratio (k) for each layer based on the arrival times of Ps converted and PpPs multiple phases of the layer, and apply the method to invert for h and k values of the sedimentary and bedrock layers in the Ordos Basin. S‐N and E‐W differences in structure across approximately 109°E are observed in both the sedimentary cover and crystalline crust. The sedimentary thickness generally increases from east to west and reaches 7.9 km on the southwestern edge. Vp/Vs ratios are complex with an average >1.9 and overall are lower than 1.75 in the northwestern part. The bedrock thickness and Vp/Vs ratio vary from 31.2 to 45.0 km and from 1.60 to 1.82, with average values of 39.62 km and 1.74, respectively. The crystalline crust still retains the long‐term cratonic stability and characteristics. The observed S‐N and E‐W differences in the sedimentary and bedrock layers may be the combined results of inhomogeneity in original nucleation and later complex and long‐term tectonic evolution.
Diverse Lava Flow Morphologies in the Stratigraphy of the Jezero Crater Floor
Authors: Alwmark S. , Horgan B. , Udry A. , Bechtold A. , Fagents S. , Ravanis E. , Crumpler L. , Schmitz N. , Cloutis E. , Brown A. , Flannery D. , Gasnault O. , Grotzinger J. , Gupta S. , Kah L. , Kelemen P. , Kinch K. , Núñez J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a combined geomorphologic, multispectral, and geochemical analysis of crater floor rocks in Jezero crater based on data obtained by the Mast Camera Zoom and SuperCam instruments onboard the NASA Mars 2020 Perseverance rover. The combined data from this analysis together with the results of a comparative study with geologic sites on Earth allows us to interpret the origins of rocks exposed along the Artuby ridge, a ∼900 m long scarp of lower Máaz formation rocks. The ridge exposes rocks belonging to two morphologically distinct members, Artuby and Rochette, both of which have basaltic composition and are spectrally indistinguishable in our analysis. Artuby rocks consist of morphologically distinct units that alternate over the ridge, bulbous, hummocky, layers with varying thicknesses that in places appear to have flowed over underlying strata, and sub‐planar thinner laterally continuous layers with variable friability. The Rochette member has a massive appearance with pronounced pitting and sub‐horizontal partings. Our findings are most consistent with a primary igneous emplacement as lava flows, through multiple eruptions, and we propose that the thin layers result either from preferential weathering, interbedded ash/tephra layers, ʻaʻā clinker layers, or aeolian deposition. Our analyses provide essential geologic context for the Máaz formation samples that will be returned to Earth and highlight the diversity and complexity of geologic processes on Mars not visible from orbit.
Photoexcitation dynamics and energy engineering in supramolecular doping of organic conjugated molecules
Authors: An Xiang , Wei Chuanxin , Bai Lubing , Zhou Jun , Wang Le , Han Yamin , Sun Lili , Lin Jinyi , Liu Heyuan , Li Jiewei , Xu Man , Ling Haifeng , Xie Linghai , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDoping and blending strategies are crucial means to precisely control the excited states and energy level in conjugated molecular systems. However, effective models and platforms are rarely proposed to systematically explore the effects of the formation of trapped doped centers on heterogeneous structures, energy level and ultrafast photophysical process. Herein, for deeply understanding the impact of molecular doping in film energy levels and photoexcitation dynamics, we set a supramolecular N-B coordination composed by the conjugated molecules of pyridine functionalized diarylfluorene (host material), named as ODPF-Phpy and ODPF-(Phpy)2, and the molecule of tris(perfluorophenyl)borane (BCF) (guest material). The generation of the molecular-level coordination bond increased the binding energy of N atoms and tuned the band-gap, leading to a new fluorescent emission center with longer excitation wavelength and emission wavelength. The intermolecular Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in blending films make it present inconsistent fluorescent behaviors compared to that in solution. The charge transfer (CT) state of N-B coordinated compounds and the changed dielectric constant of blending films resulted in a large PL spectra red-shift with the increased dopant ratio, causing a wide-tunable fluorescent color. The excited state behaviors of two compounds in blending system was further investigated by the transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. Finally, we found supramolecular coordination blending can effectively improve the films’ photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and conductivity. We believe this exploration in the internal coordination mechanisms would deepen the insights about doped semiconductors and is helpful in developing novel high-efficient fluorescent systems.
SGK2 promotes prostate cancer metastasis by inhibiting ferroptosis via upregulating GPX4
Authors: Cheng Lulin , He Qingliu , Liu Bing , Chen Liang , Lv Fang , Li Xuexiang , Li Yunxue , Liu Chunyu , Song Yarong , Xing Yifei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent research has shown that ferroptosis, the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides that leads to cell death, suppresses cancer metastasis. However, the role of ferroptosis in prostate cancer metastasis has not been completely elucidated. In the current study, we identified the essential role of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 (SGK2) in promoting prostate cancer metastasis by inhibiting ferroptosis. We found that the expression of SGK2 was higher in metastatic prostate cancer and predicted poor clinical outcomes. SGK2 knockdown inhibited the metastatic capacity of prostate cancer cells in vivo and in vitro, while SGK2 overexpression inhibited ferroptosis and facilitated prostate cancer metastasis by phosphorylating the Thr-24 and Ser-319 sites of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1). This process induced the translocation of FOXO1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, relieving the inhibitory effect of FOXO1 on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). These findings delineated a novel role of SGK2 in ferroptosis regulation of prostate cancer metastasis, identifying a new key pathway driving prostate cancer metastasis and potentially providing new treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer.
Entorhinal grid-like codes and time-locked network dynamics track others navigating through space
Authors: Wagner Isabella C. , Graichen Luise P. , Todorova Boryana , Lüttig Andre , Omer David B. , Stangl Matthias , Lamm Claus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNavigating through crowded, dynamically changing environments requires the ability to keep track of other individuals. Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex are a central component of self-related navigation but whether they also track others’ movement is unclear. Here, we propose that entorhinal grid-like codes make an essential contribution to socio-spatial navigation. Sixty human participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while observing and re-tracing different paths of a demonstrator that navigated a virtual reality environment. Results revealed that grid-like codes in the entorhinal cortex tracked the other individual navigating through space. The activity of grid-like codes was time-locked to increases in co-activation and entorhinal-cortical connectivity that included the striatum, the hippocampus, parahippocampal and right posterior parietal cortices. Surprisingly, the grid-related effects during observation were stronger the worse participants performed when subsequently re-tracing the demonstrator’s paths. Our findings suggests that network dynamics time-locked to entorhinal grid-cell-related activity might serve to distribute information about the location of others throughout the brain.
Single-cell analysis reveals prognostic fibroblast subpopulations linked to molecular and immunological subtypes of lung cancer
Authors: Hanley Christopher J. , Waise Sara , Ellis Matthew J. , Lopez Maria A. , Pun Wai Y. , Taylor Julian , Parker Rachel , Kimbley Lucy M. , Chee Serena J. , Shaw Emily C. , West Jonathan , Alzetani Aiman , Woo Edwin , Ottensmeier Christian H. , Rose-Zerilli Matthew J. J. , Thomas Gareth J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFibroblasts are poorly characterised cells that variably impact tumour progression. Here, we use single cell RNA-sequencing, multiplexed immunohistochemistry and digital cytometry (CIBERSORTx) to identify and characterise three major fibroblast subpopulations in human non-small cell lung cancer: adventitial, alveolar and myofibroblasts. Alveolar and adventitial fibroblasts (enriched in control tissue samples) localise to discrete spatial niches in histologically normal lung tissue and indicate improved overall survival rates when present in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Trajectory inference identifies three phases of control tissue fibroblast activation, leading to myofibroblast enrichment in tumour samples: initial upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, followed by stress-response signalling and ultimately increased expression of fibrillar collagens. Myofibroblasts correlate with poor overall survival rates in LUAD, associated with loss of epithelial differentiation, TP53 mutations, proximal molecular subtypes and myeloid cell recruitment. In squamous carcinomas myofibroblasts were not prognostic despite being transcriptomically equivalent. These findings have important implications for developing fibroblast-targeting strategies for cancer therapy.
ViralCC retrieves complete viral genomes and virus-host pairs from metagenomic Hi-C data
Authors: Du Yuxuan , Fuhrman Jed A. , Sun Fengzhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe introduction of high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) into metagenomics enables reconstructing high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from microbial communities. Despite recent advances in recovering eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal genomes using Hi-C contact maps, few of Hi-C-based methods are designed to retrieve viral genomes. Here we introduce ViralCC, a publicly available tool to recover complete viral genomes and detect virus-host pairs using Hi-C data. Compared to other Hi-C-based methods, ViralCC leverages the virus-host proximity structure as a complementary information source for the Hi-C interactions. Using mock and real metagenomic Hi-C datasets from several different microbial ecosystems, including the human gut, cow fecal, and wastewater, we demonstrate that ViralCC outperforms existing Hi-C-based binning methods as well as state-of-the-art tools specifically dedicated to metagenomic viral binning. ViralCC can also reveal the taxonomic structure of viruses and virus-host pairs in microbial communities. When applied to a real wastewater metagenomic Hi-C dataset, ViralCC constructs a phage-host network, which is further validated using CRISPR spacer analyses. ViralCC is an open-source pipeline available athttps://github.com/dyxstat/ViralCC.
Dual hydrogen production from electrocatalytic water reduction coupled with formaldehyde oxidation via a copper-silver electrocatalyst
Authors: Li Guodong , Han Guanqun , Wang Lu , Cui Xiaoyu , Moehring Nicole K. , Kidambi Piran R. , Jiang De-en , Sun Yujie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe broad employment of water electrolysis for hydrogen (H2) production is restricted by its large voltage requirement and low energy conversion efficiency because of the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report a strategy to replace OER with a thermodynamically more favorable reaction, the partial oxidation of formaldehyde to formate under alkaline conditions, using a Cu3Ag7electrocatalyst. Such a strategy not only produces more valuable anodic product than O2but also releases H2at the anode with a small voltage input. Density functional theory studies indicate the H2C(OH)O intermediate from formaldehyde hydration can be better stabilized on Cu3Ag7than on Cu or Ag, leading to a lower C-H cleavage barrier. A two-electrode electrolyzer employing an electrocatalyst of Cu3Ag7(+)||Ni3N/Ni(–) can produce H2at both anode and cathode simultaneously with an apparent 200% Faradaic efficiency, reaching a current density of 500 mA/cm2with a cell voltage of only 0.60 V.
COx hydrogenation to methanol and other hydrocarbons under mild conditions with Mo3S4@ZSM-5
Authors: Liu Gui , Liu Pengfei , Meng Deming , Zhao Taotao , Qian Xiaofeng , He Qiang , Guo Xuefeng , Qi Jizhen , Peng Luming , Xue Nianhua , Zhu Yan , Ma Jingyuan , Wang Qiang , Liu Xi , Chen Liwei , Ding Weiping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe hydrogenation of CO2 or CO to single organic product has received widespread attentions. Here we show a highly efficient and selective catalyst, Mo3S4@ions-ZSM-5, with molybdenum sulfide clusters ([Mo3S4]n+) confined in zeolitic cages of ZSM-5 molecular sieve for the reactions. Using continuous fixed bed reactor, for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, the catalyst Mo3S4@NaZSM-5 shows methanol selectivity larger than 98% at 10.2% of carbon dioxide conversion at 180 °C and maintains the catalytic performance without any degeneration during continuous reaction of 1000 h. For CO hydrogenation, the catalyst Mo3S4@HZSM-5 exhibits a selectivity to C2 and C3 hydrocarbons stably larger than 98% in organics at 260 °C. The structure of the catalysts and the mechanism of COx hydrogenation over the catalysts are fully characterized experimentally and theorectically. Based on the results, we envision that the Mo3S4@ions-ZSM-5 catalysts display the importance of active clusters surrounded by permeable materials as mesocatalysts for discovery of new reactions.
Irisin exhibits neuroprotection by preventing mitochondrial damage in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xu Sutong , Hu Yong , Liu Qiulu , Liu Chenming , Chai Huazhen , Luo Yuping , Jin Lingjing , Li Siguang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExercise has been proposed as an effective non-pharmacological management for Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. Irisin, a recently identified myokine, is increased by exercise and plays pivotal roles in energy metabolism. However, it remains unknown whether irisin has any protective effects on PD. Here, we found that serum irisin levels of PD patients were markedly elevated after 12-week regular exercise, which had a positive correlation with improved balance function scored by Berg Balance Scale. Treatment with exogenous irisin could improve motor function, and reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD models. Meanwhile, irisin could reduce cell apoptosis by renovating mitochondrial function in PD models, which was reflected in decreased oxidative stress, increased mitochondrial complex I activity and mitochondrial content, increased mitochondrial biogenesis, and repaired mitochondrial morphology. Furthermore, irisin regulated the aforementioned aspects by upregulating downstream Akt signaling pathway and ERK1/2 signaling pathway through integrin receptors rather than directly targeting mitochondria. With the use of small-molecule inhibitors, it was found that irisin can reduce apoptosis, restore normal mitochondrial biogenesis, and improve mitochondrial morphology and dynamic balance in PD models by activating Akt signaling pathway and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. And irisin reduced oxidative stress via activating ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The results revealed that exogenous irisin conferred neuroprotection relieving apoptosis and oxidative stress, restraining mitochondrial fragmentation, and promoting mitochondrial respiration and biogenesis in PD models, and irisin exerted the aforementioned effects by activating Akt signaling pathway and ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Thus, peripherally delivered irisin might be a promising candidate for therapeutic targeting of PD.
Geostrophic flows control future changes of oceanic eastern boundary upwelling
Authors: Jing Zhao , Wang Shengpeng , Wu Lixin , Wang Hong , Zhou Shenghui , Sun Bingrong , Chen Zhaohui , Ma Xiaohui , Gan Bolan , Yang Haiyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEquatorward alongshore winds over major eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs) drive intense upwelling via Ekman dynamics, surfacing nutrient-rich deep waters and promoting marine primary production and fisheries. It is generally thought, dating back to Bakun’s hypothesis, that greenhouse warming should enhance upwelling in EBUSs by intensifying upwelling-favourable winds; yet this has not been tested. Here, using an ensemble of high-resolution climate simulations with improved EBUS representation, we show that long-term upwelling changes in EBUSs differ substantially, under a high-emission scenario, from those inferred by the wind-based upwelling index. Specifically, weakened or unchanged upwelling can coincide with intensified upwelling-favourable winds. These differences are linked to long-term changes of geostrophic flows that dominate upwelling changes in the Canary and Benguela currents and strongly offset wind-driven changes in the California and Humboldt currents. Our results highlight the controlling role of geostrophic flows in upwelling trends in EBUSs under greenhouse warming, which Bakun’s hypothesis overlooked.