bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Perspective on Human Cognitive Architecture in Cognitive Load Theory: a Dynamic, Emerging Principle Approach
Authors: Kalyuga Slava 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdopting an evolutionary approach to substantiate major characteristics of human cognitive architecture has been one of the major recent developments in cognitive load theory. According to this approach, human cognitive architecture is a natural information processing system which can be described by five general principles. This paper attempts to (1) identify the scope of applicability of these principles in natural information processing systems of different levels of complexity, (2) reconcile the coexistence of implicit (primary) and controlled (secondary) processes within the same human cognitive architecture, and (3) incorporate motivational factors into the evolutionary approach to human cognitive architecture. The paper suggests two principal modifications to the traditional formulation of the evolutionary approach. Firstly, natural information processing systems are viewed as dynamically evolving systems with new principles added with increasing levels of complexity of the systems. Secondly, a new (the explicit intention to learn) principle is added at the level of human cognition. This sixth principle is expected to address (1) the emergence of controlled mechanisms dealing with biologically secondary information as expressed by conscious processing in working memory and (2) the role of learner motivation in such processes from an evolutionary perspective. The paper concludes with discussion of theoretical and practical instructional implications of the proposed modifications.
Can the configuration of static analyses make resolving security vulnerabilities more effective? - A user study
Authors: Piskachev Goran , Becker Matthias , Bodden Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of static analysis security testing (SAST) tools has been increasing in recent years. However, previous studies have shown that, when shipped to end users such as development or security teams, the findings of these tools are often unsatisfying. Users report high numbers of false positives or long analysis times, making the tools unusable in the daily workflow. To address this, SAST tool creators provide a wide range of configuration options, such as customization of rules through domain-specific languages or specification of the application-specific analysis scope. In this paper, we study the configuration space of selected existing SAST tools when used within the integrated development environment (IDE). We focus on the configuration options that impact three dimensions, for which a trade-off is unavoidable, i.e., precision, recall, and analysis runtime. We perform a between-subjects user study with 40 users from multiple development and security teams - to our knowledge, the largest population for this kind of user study in the software engineering community. The results show that users who configure SAST tools are more effective in resolving security vulnerabilities detected by the tools than those using the default configuration. Based on post-study interviews, we identify common strategies that users have while configuring the SAST tools to provide further insights for tool creators. Finally, an evaluation of the configuration options of two commercial SAST tools, Fortify and CheckMarx, reveals that a quarter of the users do not understand the configuration options provided. The configuration options that are found most useful relate to the analysis scope.
Silence as a Cognitive Tool to Comprehend the Environment
Authors: Sans Pinillos Alger 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article presents silence as a cognitive tool to comprehend the environment. Two dimensions of silence are addressed: a natural mechanism and human beings' social and cultural construction. There is a link between these two dimensions because, on the one hand, agents' cognitive strategies based on silence influence how meanings and uses of silence have been constructed. The meanings of silence we use are contextual shapers of silence-based cognitive strategies. Silence is analyzed as a resource for coping with ambiguity: situations perceived as uncertain provoke doubt and confusion because they can be understood differently or suggest different interpretations. These situations can occur in the face of epistemic disruption. The consequence is a transfer of the ambiguity property of these situations to the usual ways of relating to the world and people. The cognitive approach is based here on a semiotic-hermeneutic interpretation of silence from a phenomenological perspective. This accounts for a paradox: even if silence does not exist (the world is acoustic), it is real. The silence experience is a non-inferential cognitive capacity located at the base of perception: a stimulus that suggests a particular gesture as an action different from the usual one to deal with the environment.
Macroinvertebrates reveal environmental gradients: methods and method development in the Ob River basin
Authors: Yanygina L. V. , Schletterer M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Ob is the seventh longest river in the world and its length (including the largest tributary Irtysh) is 5410 km. The huge size of the Ob River catchment and diverse natural resources of the region give rise to numerous anthropogenic factors affecting aquatic ecosystems. The patterns of longitudinal changes in the composition aquatic communities are still uncertain, especially for large rivers. To assess the role of environmental factors in the structure of communities, we analyzed longitudinal changes in the species richness, abundance, and biomass of macroinvertebrate communities along a 3363-km section of the Ob River. The trends of longitudinal changes in macroinvertebrate communities differed significantly on sandy, silty, and rocky substrates. For sandy substrates, an important factor in the separation of communities was the Novosibirsk Reservoir, for rocky substrates—the influence of the Altai Mountains, and for silty substrates—the location of large cities. The results emphasize the importance of taking into account the differences in bottom sediments and the patterns of longitudinal changes in bottom communities for bio-assessment of the ecological status of large rivers. Overall, we propose macroinvertebrates for bioindication along the Ob River, with regard to type, anthropogenic impact, stress factors, and response of benthic communities.
Suprachoroidal triamcinolone versus posterior subtenon triamcinolone either alone or formulated in the management of diabetic macular edema
Authors: Tharwat Ehab , Ahmed Riad Elzaher Hassan , Eltantawy Basheer , Ezzeldin Ezzeldin Ramadan , Elgazzar Akram Fekry 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to compare posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection either formulated or alone versus suprachoroidal triamcinolone in the management of diabetic macular edema.

Methods
This study is a prospective interventional study that included 75 patients, divided into three groups, each group with 25 patients. Group I received a combination of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) (40 mg) and VISCOAT, which is a combination of sodium chondroitin sulfate (20 mg) and sodium hyaluronate (15 mg). The injection was done in the posterior subtenon space using the NAGATA cannula. Group II received TA (40 mg) in the posterior subtenon space. Group III underwent an injection of 4 mg/100µl of TA in the supra choroidal space.

Results
We found a statistically significant difference between the three studied groups regarding BCVA (P = 0.001) and CMT at six months postoperative (P = 0.001) with the highest median BCVA and lowest median CMT observed in the formulated TA group.

Conclusion
We concluded that early treatment of DME by formulated TA is better than TA alone, and suprachoroidal TA in the form of increasing the BCVA and decreasing the CMT without any elevation of IOP.
Trial registration number NCT05464953.
Date of registration 17/7/2022 (retrospectively registered).
Prognostic factors of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis
Authors: Jevnikar Kristina , Počkar Saša , Umek Lan , Rothova Aniki , Valentincic Natasa Vidovic 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the long-term visual outcomes of patients with uveitis undergoing cataract surgery and to identify possible factors influencing the visual prognosis and the development of postoperative complications.

Methods
Retrospective study of all patients with uveitis who underwent cataract surgery between January 2015 and February 2020 in our tertiary referral center.

Results
A total of 78 eyes from 78 patients were included in the study. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved in 86% of patients, and a BCVA of 0.5 or better was achieved in 57 (73%) patients. A significant correlation was shown between the preoperative and postoperative BCVA (Spearman r = 0.521, p < 0.01). Final BCVA differed between diverse anatomical uveitis entities (p = 0.047), and anterior uveitis demonstrated the best outcomes. Chronic uveitis resulted in a worse final BCVA than acute recurrent uveitis (p = 0.001). The presence of CME any time before the surgery and intermediate uveitis were associated with worse visual prognosis, while systemic therapy for uveitis before surgery and iris manipulation during surgery were not related to visual outcomes. Postoperative development of cystoid macular edema (CME) was closely associated with preexisting CME (p < 0.001) and intermediate uveitis (p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Visual results of cataract surgery in patients with uveitis were beneficial, but limited visual outcomes were more frequently observed in patients with chronic uveitis and intermediate uveitis with a history of CME. In consequence, prevention, or adequate treatment of CME, especially in patients with intermediate uveitis, might result in better visual results of their cataract surgery.
Aquaculture in the Ancient World: Ecosystem Engineering, Domesticated Landscapes, and the First Blue Revolution
Authors: Rogers Ashleigh J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAquaculture is the world’s fastest growing food sector and accounts for more than 50% of the world’s fish food supply. The significant growth in global aquaculture since the middle of the 20th century has been dubbed by the Blue Revolution. However, it is not the first Blue Revolution to take place in human history. While historically classified as low-ranking, seasonal, or starvation resources in the archaeological discourse, marine foods were vital resources that ancient communities developed and exploited using a vast array of strategies. Among these aquatic strategies was aquaculture. This first Blue Revolution was initiated during the Early Holocene, some 8,000 years ago in China, with archaeologists now documenting aquaculture across the globe. This review considers the commonalities between ancient aquacultural systems including evidence of ecosystem engineering and the development of domesticated landscapes as production systems. People of the past constructed agroecosystems to not only enhance and diversify aquatic resources, but to control the reliability of key subsistence foods and to meet the demands of ritual practice and conspicuous social stratification. These aquaculture systems were maintained for centuries, if not millennia. Worldwide research conducted on ancient aquaculture can provide critical insights into developing more ecologically sustainable, resilient, and diverse marine production systems for coastal communities today, thus, achieving industry sustainability and limiting negative environmental impacts to the world’s shorelines and overexploited fisheries.
Investigating the combined and unique contributions of positive psychological traits to sleep and exploring emotion regulation as a common mediator
Authors: Tout Amber F. , Jessop Donna C. , Miles Eleanor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe identification of variables which facilitate good quality and quantity sleep represents an important step in tackling the current global sleep loss epidemic. Previous research has established links between good sleep and the positive psychological traits of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism. However, studies have typically focused on single traits, limiting understanding of their collective and independent associations. The two studies reported here address this gap by exploring the combined and unique contributions of mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism to sleep; Study 2 further investigated emotion regulation as a common underlying mechanism. Participants in both studies (Study 1 N = 268; Study 2 N = 333) completed online questionnaires assessing the four positive psychological traits and sleep quality and quantity; participants in Study 2 also completed measures of adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that mindfulness, self-compassion, gratitude and optimism collectively accounted for 24.96% (Study 1) and 15.81% (Study 2) of the variance in overall sleep quality and quantity. Optimism and mindfulness emerged as significant linear predictors in their own right, with higher levels of optimism and mindfulness respectively being associated with better sleep. Study 2 further identified maladaptive emotion regulation as a common mediating mechanism. Findings highlight the importance of positive psychological traits in relation to sleep and indicate that optimism and mindfulness might make unique contributions to the prediction of sleep outcomes. Findings also flag emotion regulation as a potential common mediator of associations between positive psychological traits and sleep.
Institutions, Automation, and Legitimate Expectations
Authors: Belic Jelena 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDebates concerning digital automation are mostly focused on the question of the availability of jobs in the short and long term. To counteract the possible negative effects of automation, it is often suggested that those at risk of technological unemployment should have access to retraining and reskilling opportunities. What is often missing in these debates are implications that all of this may have for individual autonomy understood as the ability to make and develop long-term plans. In this paper, I argue that if digital automation becomes rapid, it will significantly undermine the legitimate expectation of stability and consequently, the ability to make and pursue long-term plans in the sphere of work. I focus on what is often taken to be one of the main long-term plans, i.e. the choice of profession, and I argue that this choice may be undermined by the pressure to continuously acquire new skills while at the same time facing a diminishing range of professions that one can choose from. Given that the choice of profession is significant for not-work related spheres of life, its undermining can greatly affect individual autonomy in these other spheres too. I argue that such undermining of individual planning agency constitutes a distinctive form of harm that necessitates a proactive institutional response.
Delegated risk-taking, accountability, and outcome bias
Authors: Gillenkirch Robert M. , Velthuis Louis 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn a sequence of experiments, this study investigates how people evaluate others who make risky decisions on their behalf, and how such evaluations affect delegated risk-taking. A decision maker acts on behalf of a client who holds the decision maker accountable by way of a subjective evaluation after observing a risky decision’s outcome. If evaluation is biased towards the outcome, it may have dysfunctional effects with respect to delegated risk-taking in that decision makers’ risk choices are increasingly misaligned with their clients’ risk preferences. We find evidence giving support to this conjecture. Across and within three experiments, we test for the effects of different types and degrees of accountability in that we manipulate the information available to clients as well as the consequences which evaluations have for decision makers. Evaluations are biased towards outcomes in all experiments. When evaluations affect decision maker’s compensations, a stronger outcome bias in evaluations translates into risk-taking decisions being less frequently aligned with clients’ risk preferences. In the same situation, giving clients the opportunity to make peer comparisons increases outcome bias. We further find that clients do not hold decision makers accountable for their risk choices when they cannot observe the risk-taking decision, but have to infer it from observing the outcome. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.
Room-Scale CO2 Injections in a Physical Reservoir Model with Faults
Authors: Fernø M. A. , Haugen M. , Eikehaug K. , Folkvord O. , Benali B. , Both J. W , Storvik E. , Nixon C. W. , Gawthrope R. L. , Nordbotten J. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe perform a series of repeated CO2 injections in a room-scale physical model of a faulted geological cross-section. Relevant parameters for subsurface carbon storage, including multiphase flows, capillary CO2 trapping, dissolution and convective mixing, are studied and quantified. As part of a validation benchmark study, we address and quantify six predefined metrics for storage capacity and security in typical CO2 storage operations. Using the same geometry, we investigate the degree of reproducibility of five repeated experimental runs. Our analysis focuses on physical variations of the spatial distribution of mobile and dissolved CO2, multiphase flow patterns, development in mass of the aqueous and gaseous phases, gravitational fingers and leakage dynamics. We observe very good reproducibility in homogenous regions with up to 97% overlap between repeated runs, and that fault-related heterogeneity tends to decrease reproducibility. Notably, we observe an oscillating CO2 leakage behavior from the spill point of an anticline and discuss the observed phenomenon within the constraints of the studied system.
Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Enantiopure β-Blocker (S)-Metoprolol and Derivatives
Authors: Bøckmann Pål L. , Jacobsen Elisabeth E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract(S)-Metoprolol, ((2 S)-1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propan-2-ol has been synthesised in 99% ee with high yield by a four step chemoenzymatic protocol. Several preparations of Candida antarctica lipase B have been screened in a kinetic resolution of the secondary chlorohydrin 1-chloro-3-(4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy)propan-2-ol. We here report specific rotation values of the enantiopure chlorohydrins from the enzyme catalysed kinetic resolution, in addition to a specific rotation value for (S)-metoprolol, which determines the absolute configuration of the drug, and also the absolute configuration of the chlorohydrin enantiomers.
Optimal Placement and Settings of Valves for Leakage Reduction in Real Life Water Distribution Networks
Authors: Huzsvár Tamás , Wéber Richárd , Szabó Marcell , Hős Csaba 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNowadays, the rapid growth of operational costs and human resource shortages increase the importance of the leakage reduction, and the pressure management. This paper presents an optimisation procedure placing pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) to minimise the water losses of real-life water distribution networks (WDNs). The number and placement of the valves are optimised from clustering perspective with the Leiden algorithm. The optimal settings of the valves are determined with a differential evolution algorithm, where a compound fitness function is applied. On the one hand, it minimises the leakages, on the other hand, evades the pressure-dependent consumer outages, i.e. it keeps the pressure above the desired. Seven real-life water distribution networks were analysed from the region of Western Hungary using the techniques. Moreover, three of them are analysed in details. The robustness of the achieved leakage reduction with the optimised PRV placement is analysed to the uncertainty of the leakage exponent.
Invariant measures for the strong-facilitated exclusion process
Authors: Lei Yu-huan , Su Zhong-gen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsider a generalized model of the facilitated exclusion process, which is a one-dimensional exclusion process with a dynamical constraint that prevents the particle at site x from jumping to x + 1 (or x − 1) if the sites x − 1, x − 2 (or x + 1, x + 2) are empty. It is non-gradient and lacks invariant measures of product form. The purpose of this paper is to identify the invariant measures and to show that they satisfy both exponential decay of correlations and equivalence of ensembles. These properties will play a pivotal role in deriving the hydrodynamic limit.
Effect of the Media in the Folin-Ciocalteu Assay for the Analysis of the Total Phenolic Content of Olive Products
Authors: Rizvi Nayab Batool , Fatima Anam , Busquets Rosa , Khan Mohammad Rizwan , Ashraf Sadia , Khan Muhammad Shuaib , Oz Fatih 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nutritional and economic value of oils is affected by its antioxidant properties linked to their total phenolic content (TPC). The analysis of antioxidants such as phenols may be affected by the lipophilic character of the media. Therefore, the accurate determination of TPC in oils deserves particular attention. This research has tested the effect of the alkaline medium in the quantification of TPC in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive pomace oil (OPO) using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven different EVOO and OPO oils were used to gain representativity and study matrix effects in the analysis. Among the alkaline conditions assayed, the Folin-Ciocalteu method led to maximum TPC in EVOOs samples using 7.5% Na2CO3, whereas 35% Na2CO3 showed better characterization of TPC in OPOs than milder basic conditions. Therefore, when analyzing olive oil products, adjusting the alkaline media in the Folin Ciocalteu assay is important for optimal TPC determination. TPC analyses via Folin-Ciocalteu with different media was supported with antioxidant activities determined with reference assays: 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid cation radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical.
Literalism in Autistic People: a Predictive Processing Proposal
Authors: Vicente Agustín , Michel Christian , Petrolini Valentina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Autistic individuals are commonly said – and also consider themselves – to be excessively literalist, in the sense that they tend to prefer literal interpretations of words and utterances. This literalist bias seems to be fairly specific to autism and still lacks a convincing explanation. In this paper we explore a novel hypothesis that has the potential to account for the literalist bias in autism. We argue that literalism results from an atypical functioning of the predictive system: specifically, an atypical balance between predictions and error signals in language processing may make individuals more uncertain about their own predictions. Such uncertainty is then often resolved by resorting to the safest interpretation, that is, the literal one. We start by reviewing existing explanations of other autistic traits that appeal to predictive processing. We then apply these insights to language, by showing that predictions play a key role in everyday comprehension and that a low level of confidence in one’s own predictions is likely to escalate comprehension difficulties. Finally, we take a deeper look at non-literal uses of language by discussing the case of metaphors, to illustrate how a predictive processing account offers a promising explanation of the literalist bias in autism.