bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of bat ectoparasites from the caves of selected Key Biodiversity Areas in Central Visayas, Philippines
Authors: BEJEC GILBERT A. , BUCOL LILIBETH A. , ANCOG AGUSTIN B. , PAGENTE ALBERT C. , PANERIO JAZZE JANE M. , BEJEC ANNA LEE N. , BELANIZO JACINTO D. , TUASTOMBAN DENNY JANE S. , JOSE REIZL P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Bejec GA, Bucol LA, Ancog AB, Pagente AC, Paneiro JJM, Bejec ALN, Belanizo JD, Tuastomban DJS, Jose RP. 2023. Diversity of bat ectoparasites from the caves of selected Key Biodiversity Areas in Central Visayas, Philippines. Biodiversitas 24(3): 1693-1703. Bats harbor numerous species of ectoparasites, such as ticks and mites. Many bat ectoparasites are implicated as vectors of pathogens ranging from bacteria to protozoa and viruses. Recent studies verified bats as a natural reservoir of multiple zoonotic viruses, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. This study assessed the composition, diversity, and prevalence of ectoparasites of cave-dwelling bats in the four Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) of Central Visayas. A total of 20 species of bats were recorded in the 30 surveyed caves. Of these, 30 species of ectoparasites belonging to eight families (dipteran flies Streblidae and Nycteribiidae, mites Spinturnicidae, Macronyssidae and Trombiculidae, ticks Argasidae and Ixodidae, and Ischnopsyllidae fleas) were collected and identified. Leptotrombidium sp. had the highest number of individuals (n=1,684) harbored in 12 bat host species. The highest prevalence (100%) was noted in four bat host species: Philippine pygmy fruit bat Haplonycteris fischeri Lawrence 1939, Philippine forest roundleaf bat Hipposideros obscurus Peters 1861, Philippine pygmy roundleaf batHipposideros pygmaeus Waterhouse 1843, and Common bent-winged bat Miniopterus schreibersii Kuhl 1817. The lowest prevalence was noted in the Round-eared tube-nosed bat Murina cyclotis Dobson 1872, where no ectoparasite was collected. The highest intensity (n=65) of ectoparasites was observed in the Common Asian ghost bat Megaderma spasma Linnaeus 1758. This study provides essential data for future reference in monitoring bat population status and conservation efforts in the region. Given the close relationship between the local human community and bats (e.g., hunting and consumption), more work is needed to address the potential pathogen risks from zoonotic transmission from bats and ectoparasites.
Bacterial selection and characterization of chitinase enzyme from bacteria controlling Fusarium proliferatum
Authors: KHAIRAH MIFTAHUL , MUBARIK NISA RACHMANIA , MANAF LISDAR A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Khairah M, Mubarik NR, Manaf LA. 2023. Bacterial selection and characterization of chitinase enzyme from bacteria controlling Fusarium proliferatum. Biodiversitas 24: 1926-1933. The phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium proliferatum causes wilt rot disease of onion bulbs and many agricultural losses. The biocontrol of F. proliferatum can be approached with chitinase from microorganisms, such as endophytic bacteria. The chitinase enzyme can inhibit and control fungus growth by degrading chitin, the main component of the fungal cell wall. This study aimed to select, characterize, and semi-purifying the chitinase produced by endophytic bacteria and to evaluate its antifungal activity against F. proliferatum. The results showed ABS 4.1.2 isolate produced chitinase and had antagonistic activity against F. proliferatum. The prospective ABS 4.1.2 isolate was identified based on 16S rRNA gene as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The precipitated chitinase using 60% ammonium sulfate (w/v) showed a specific activity of 19.69 U/mg and increased the purity by 3.60 fold. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that chitinase had an estimated molecular weight of 32 kDa and 65 kDa. The chitinase activity of crude extract and precipitated chitinase were optimum at pH 7 and the temperature of 35°C and 45°C, respectively. The precipitated chitinase showed a higher inhibition compared to 12 hrs of cell culture and crude enzymes against F. proliferatum. The precipitated chitinase and crude enzymes significantly exhibited destructive activity toward F. proliferatum mycelium.
What does heritability of Alzheimer’s disease represent?
Authors: Baker Emily , Leonenko Ganna , Schmidt Karl Michael , Hill Matthew , Myers Amanda J. , Shoai Maryam , de Rojas Itziar , Tesi Niccoló , Holstege Henne , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Ruiz Agustin , Hardy John , van der Lee Sven , Escott-Price Valentina 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Both late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and ageing have a strong genetic component. In each case, many associated variants have been discovered, but how much missing heritability remains to be discovered is debated. Variability in the estimation of SNP-based heritability could explain the differences in reported heritability.

Methods
We compute heritability in five large independent cohorts (N = 7,396, 1,566, 803, 12,528 and 3,963) to determine whether a consensus for the AD heritability estimate can be reached. These cohorts vary by sample size, age of cases and controls and phenotype definition. We compute heritability a) for all SNPs, b) excluding APOE region, c) excluding both APOE and genome-wide association study hit regions, and d) SNPs overlapping a microglia gene-set.

Results
SNP-based heritability of late onset Alzheimer’s disease is between 38 and 66% when age and genetic disease architecture are correctly accounted for. The heritability estimates decrease by 12% [SD = 8%] on average when the APOE region is excluded and an additional 1% [SD = 3%] when genome-wide significant regions were removed. A microglia gene-set explains 69–84% of our estimates of SNP-based heritability using only 3% of total SNPs in all cohorts.

Conclusion
The heritability of neurodegenerative disorders cannot be represented as a single number, because it is dependent on the ages of cases and controls. Genome-wide association studies pick up a large proportion of total AD heritability when age and genetic architecture are correctly accounted for. Around 13% of SNP-based heritability can be explained by known genetic loci and the remaining heritability likely resides around microglial related genes.
Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histopathologic Gastrointestinal Disease in an American Cohort with Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Curtin Bryan F. , Hill Kareen L. , Bhattacharya Sumona , Powers Astin , Venkatesan Aradhana , Bagi Preet , Joyal Elizabeth , Alimchandani Meghna , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Grayson Peter , Quezado Martha , Sibley Cailin , Heller Theo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Behçet’s disease (BD) is a chronic systemic vasculitis characterized by oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions. Patients with BD may develop gastrointestinal disease however characterization of gastrointestinal disease in American cohorts is lacking. Here we present clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic GI findings in an American cohort of BD patients.

Methods:
Patients with established BD were evaluated prospectively at the National Institutes of Health. Demographic and clinical data were collected including Behçet’s disease manifestations and gastrointestinal symptoms. Endoscopy with histopathologic sampling was performed for both clinical and research indications with written consent.

Results:
Eighty-three patients were evaluated. The majority were female (83.1%) and White (75.9%). Mean age was 36 ± 14.8 years. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 75% of cohort with nearly half of reporting abdominal pain (48.2%) and significant numbers reporting acid reflux, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed in 37 patients; erythema and ulcers were the most common found abnormalities. Colonoscopy was performed in 32 patients with abnormalities including polyps, erythema, and ulcers. Endoscopy was normal in 27% of EGDs and 47% of colonoscopies. Vascular congestion was demonstrated on the majority of random biopsies throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Inflammation was not highly prevalent on random biopsies except in the stomach. Wireless capsule endoscopy was performed on 18 patients; ulcers and strictures were the most common abnormalities.

Conclusions:
Gastrointestinal symptoms were common in this cohort of American patients with BD. Endoscopic examination was often normal however histopathologic examination demonstrated vascular congestion throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Olokizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6, in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately controlled by tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: efficacy and safety results of a randomised controlled phase III study
Authors: Feist E. , Fatenejad S. , Grishin S. , Korneva E. , Luggen M.E. , Nasonov E. , Samsonov M. , Smolen J.S. , Fleischmann R.M. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of olokizumab (OKZ), a monoclonal antibody against the interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine, versus placebo (PBO) in patients with prior inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi-IRs).Methods In this 24-week multicentre, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, the patients were randomised in a 2:2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneously administered OKZ 64 mg once every 2 weeks (q2w), OKZ 64 mg once every 4 weeks (q4w) or PBO plus methotrexate. At week 16, the patients on PBO were randomised to receive either OKZ regime. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving an American College of Rheumatology 20% (ACR20) response at week 12. Disease Activity Score 28-joint count C-reactive protein (DAS28 (CRP)) <3.2 at week 12 was the major secondary efficacy endpoint. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed.Results In 368 patients randomised, ACR20 response rates were 60.9% in OKZ q2w, 59.6% in OKZ q4w and 40.6% in PBO (p<0.01 for both comparisons). Achievement of DAS28 (CRP) <3.2 was significantly different, favouring the OKZ arms. Improvements in efficacy and patientreported outcomes were maintained throughout 24 weeks and were noted after week 16 in patients who switched from PBO.Dose-related treatment-emergent serious adverse events were 7% in OKZ q2w, 3.2% in OKZ q4w and none in the PBO group.Conclusions Direct inhibition of IL-6 with OKZ resulted in significant improvements in the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis compared with PBO in TNFi-IR patients with a similar safety profile as observed for monoclonal antibodies to the IL-6 receptor.
Amr Ma'ruf wa Nahi Munkar: Gerakan Kadizadeli dan Kritik Sufisme di Kerajaan Ottoman Abad ke-17
Authors: Rizal Mahendra Fahmi 
Published: April 2023

This research will explore the Kadizadeli movement in the Ottoman empire in the 17th century. The Kadizadeli movement is a movement led by clerics who were previously Friday preachers at mosques in Istanbul. This movement wanted to purify Islam from the heretical behavior and activities of the Sufis who according to them had demoralized Ottoman society in the 17th century. In Islamic history, for example, there are several figures who also criticized Sufism, Ibn Tayimiyah or Ibn Jauzi. The complex problems of the 17th century have inspired some scholars, especially Kadizadeli, to fix them. Using the jargon, Amr ma'ruf wa nahi munkar, they began to criticize and attack the practices of Sufism in the Ottoman empire. By using historical research and literature this research produced several findings. Historically, this movement was led by three people, namely: Kadizade Mehmed, Ustuvani Mehmed and Vani Mehmed. Initially this movement only conveyed their criticism of Sufism activities through sermons and writings. However, when Ustuvani and Vani led this movement and gained a special relationship with the ottoman rulers, this movement led to radical actions. Apart from criticizing and criticizing, they also attack the infrastructure of Sufism and direct physical attacks on them.
Keywords : bidah, kadizadeli, ottoman empire, sufism, ulema
Seed pre-sowing treatments and essential trace elements application effects on wheat performance
Authors: JANMOHAMMADI Mohsen , MOHAMADZADEH-ALGHOO Maryam , SABAGHNIA Naser , ION Viorel , NAEEM Shahbaz 
Published: April 2023

Current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different seed priming and foliar spray of micronutrients on bread wheat performance in semi-arid region in Northwest of Iran. Pre-sowing treatments were S1: no pre-sowing treatment (intact seeds), S2: hydro-priming, S3: bio-priming (seed inoculation with plant promoting rhizobacteria consortium: Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum), S4: micronutrient seed priming and foliar feeding include, check (0): distilled water spray, Fe: foliar spray of iron, Zn: foliar spray of zinc. All seed priming treatments significantly increased plant height, tiller number, canopy width, total biomass, spike mass, seed number per spike and seed yield compared to intact seeds. A brief comparison of the effect of seed priming and fertilizer treatments showed that the effects of priming treatments on improving growth and seed yield was more obvious than fertilizer treatments. The greatest increase in seed yield and yield components was recorded for plants grown from bio-fortified seeds by essential trace elements. However, comparison of fertilizer treatments showed that growth parameters were significantly affected by Zn application. From the present study, it may be concluded that combined seed priming through pre-sowing hydration, soaking in micronutrients and microbial inoculation is useful to enhance wheat production and agricultural sustainability for smallholder farmers in semi-arid region.
The number of locally invariant orderings of a group
Authors: Ba Idrissa , Clay Adam , Thompson Ian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We show that if a nontrivial group admits a locally invariant ordering, then it admits uncountably many locally invariant orderings.
For the case of a left-orderable group, we provide an explicit construction of uncountable families of locally invariant orderings; for a general group, we provide an existence theorem that applies compactness to yield uncountably many locally invariant orderings.
Along the way, we define and investigate the space of locally invariant orderings of a group, the natural group actions on this space, and their relationship to the space of left-orderings.
Progress in FEM modeling on mechanical and electromechanical properties of carbon nanotube cement-based composites
Authors: Xuejun Tao , Jianlin Luo , Jigang Zhang , Min Zhu , Liqing Zhang , Yibo Gao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced cementitious composite (CNRC) with excellent electrical and self-sensing properties, which enables it to serve as an intrinsic sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM). However, the requirements of modern industry for accurate calculation and performance design of engineering materials are not met by traditional experimental studies alone. The finite element method (FEM) has the advantages of simplicity of operation, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness, and it has been widely used in the property verification and prediction of various composite materials. In this article, the constitutive model, FEM modeling method, and simulation process of CNRC along with existing model types, innate relations, and model parameters are reviewed, and the corresponding mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical coupling properties of CNRC under different parameters are systematically analyzed by FEM method. By combining different uncertainty parameters and model types, the advantages and disadvantages of FEM for mechanical, electromechanical coupling, and SHM applications of CNRC modeling are explored. The results are in good agreement with those in the existing CNRC experiment, which effectively proves the reliability of the FEM method in CNRC research. This work is important to develop a sound theoretical model verification and performance prediction for early applications in SHM of CNRC.
The search for commercial sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) adaptive to Ethiopian growing condition seems not successful: what should be done?
Authors: Yeheyis Likawent , Mekonnen Wondimeneh , Nelson Matthew , Mcnaughton David , Tarekegn Alemu , Yadelew Zelalem , Sanders Heather 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted to find new adaptive commercial sweet white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) varieties and evaluate the effect of inoculum on herbage and seed yields of white and blue lupin varieties in Ethiopia for two growing seasons in two locations. For the experiment a factorial arrangement (seven variety * two inoculation) in a randomized complete block design with three replication was used. Three sweet blue (Bora, Sanabor and Vitabor), three sweet white (Dieta, Energy and Feodora) and one bitter white local landrace lupin varieties were tested in the experiment. Analysis of variance was done using the general linear model procedure in SAS. The effects of location and inoculum were insignificant (P ≥ 0.0761) on yield and yield parameters. The effect of variety was observed (P ≤ 0.035) only on plant height, fresh biomass yield and thousand seed weight in both seasons except for fresh biomass yield in season two. However, its effect on other parameters was not shown (P ≥ 0.134) in both growing seasons or only shown in either season. The mean dry matter yield of all varieties was 2.45 ton per ha. However, sweet blue entries performed better than white entries. The mean seed yield of blue sweet lupin entries and white local check was 2.6 ton per ha. Sweet blue and white local landrace varieties were found tolerant while, commercial sweet white lupin varieties were susceptible for anthracnose and fusarium diseases that occurred immediately after flowering. As a result imported commercial sweet white varieties failed to give seed yield. Developing adaptive, disease resistant and high yielding sweet white lupin through crossing the local and commercial varieties and looking for species specific inoculum should be the future research agendas.
新冠疫情下的印尼初级汉语学习者网络教学状况分析
Authors: Musyafak Nur , Ichwanto Muhammad Aris 
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This research, based on reports published by Modern Language Association, analyzed enrollments in languages other than English in United States institutions of higher education from 2002 to 2016. Results show that American college students’ interest on foreign languages have been increasing unsteady since the 1950s, but the increasing rates kept low; and given the factors like the Great Depression since 2009, college students’ interests on foreign language and other disciplines of humanity have dropped abruptly. The enrollment of Chinese classes has reached its peak in 2013 but then experienced a 13 percent decrease. This study suggests, to promote Chinese education in the US, teachers should develop practical contents and encourage students to study advanced classes, and government of China should develop its soft power to attract more students to study Chinese.
摘要: 新冠肺炎病毒的突发事件影响了学校教学的很多方面。今年3月初印尼教育部部长提出新的教育政策，其中一个是各个教育单位要进行网络教学。不过，针对初级汉语学习者来说，通过网络学习第二语言教学的确具有一定的难度。本文通过调查问卷，考察了初级汉语学习者上网课的情况，并记录了网课的师生配合方式，查看学习者的学习过程、效果。根据这三个方面总结了初级汉语学习者线上教学特点和遇到的困难，提出了应对线上教学难题的策略，以期能更好地提高汉语网课的教学效果。
印尼学生汉语课堂游戏设计
Authors: Mardasari Octi Rjeky , Yanhua Zhao 
Published: April 2023

在印尼的第二语言教学中，很多本土外语老师还在使用语法翻译法来教外语，本土汉语老师也不例外，所以许多印尼学生对汉语学习兴趣不大。印尼学生经常对老师说，汉语课堂特别无聊、学汉语特别难、教学方法很落后等，以上问题都是印尼学生经常反映的问题。为了激发学生对汉语的兴趣、吸引学生的注意力，教师应该更新自己的教学方法。针对这种情况，利用课堂游戏来进行教学，可以说是一个值得尝试的途径，并且课堂游戏也是一个可以普遍应用于各种课型的教学手段。鉴于“课堂游戏”这一教学形式具有较为重要的教学地位，本文即以“课堂游戏”作为切入点展开讨论。论文的研究目的在于针对印尼学生设计一些课堂游戏，而这些游戏一般都和印尼本地的为人熟知的游戏有关。希望这些游戏设计对汉语教学以及印尼学生的汉语学习能够有所帮助。
In Indonesia, in teaching foreign languages as a second language, many local foreign language teachers still use grammar-translation methods to teach foreign languages, and local Chinese teachers are no exception. Therefore, Indonesian students are not very interested in learning Chinese. Indonesian students often tell their teachers that Chinese classes are particularly dull, learning Chinese is particularly difficult, and teaching methods are very backward. Indonesian students frequently report the above problems. To stimulate students' interest in Chinese and attract students' attention, teachers should update their teaching methods. Because of this situation, using classroom games for teaching can be said to be a way worth trying. And classroom games are also a teaching method that can be widely used in various types of lessons. Given the relatively important teaching status of "classroom games" as a teaching form, this article uses "classroom games" as the starting point for discussion. The purpose is to design some classroom games for Indonesian students, and these games are generally related to well-known games in Indonesia. This article mainly designed classroom games about reviewing new words or new words, namely Tepok Nyamuk "Pat Mosquito" and EATBULAGA "Smart Word Guessing" In addition to class games.
Cosmetovigilance: knowledge, attitude and practice study
Authors: Geetha Yohini G.  , D. Meghana , T. Indushree , K. Riyaz A. , R. M. Sandosh Ram , Narasimha Murthy K. M.  
Published: April 2023

Background: Adverse reactions due to cosmetics should be reported to avoid similar incidences and is highly required to evaluate the risks and benefits of ingredients used in cosmetics.
Methods: This study is to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cosmetovigilance among PGs, interns, and consumers of cosmetics. This was a cross-sectional questionnaire- based study conducted among 180 participants of SSMC Tumkur, Karnataka, in India for a period of 1 month.
Results: The Results obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics.: About 46.1% of the participants were aware about the concept of cosmetovigilance. Only an average of about 5% of participants practiced this concept but the attitude towards this concept was satisfactory.
Conclusions: Overall the participants had a less satisfactory overview of this concept and hence educational interventions can aid in serving the purpose especially among medical students.
A comprehensive review of herbal treatment of the species of spinach over the stages of acne vulgaris for research methodologies
Authors: Joshi Kimaya Prashant , Kalambe Avdhoot Parashram , Jadhav Asha , Mana Supria 
Published: April 2023

Acne is the inflammatory response of increased levels of hormones. Generally seen on the face as well as back, characterized by pimples, black heads, white heads and pustules. It may get severe if remains untreated. Acne directly correlates with the psychological conditions such as low self confidence to socialize, low self esteem, etc. Acne is most common in citizens thriving in central and peninsular regions of India especially teenagers. Spinach is found to be rich in antioxidants. This review was designed to generalize the use of spinach which is rich in flavonoids, phenolic acids, tocopherol; to determine its antioxidant properties as a herbal therapy for the developing stages of acne incorporating topical use; As a staple vegetable of the Indian diet, spinach can be exploited for its anti oxidant properties in the prophylaxis of acne. The review also involves, detailed information regarding the pathophysiology, receptors as well as the effect of acne on the patient’s mentality.