bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Ocean Equity
Authors: Österblom Henrik , Wabnitz Colette C. C. , Tladi Dire , Allison Edward H. , Arnaud-Haond Sophie , Bebbington Jan , Bennett Nathan , Blasiak Robert , Boonstra Wiebren , Choudhury Afrina , Cisneros-Montemayor Andrés , Daw Tim , Fabinyi Michael , Franz Nicole , Harden-Davies Harriet , Kleiber Danika , Lopes Priscila , McDougall Cynthia , Resosudarmo Budy P. , Selim Samiya A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe blue economy is being promoted as capable of achieving sustainability and prosperity, fair use of the ocean and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Ensuring a more equitable distribution of goods and services provided by the ocean represents a major challenge. There is overwhelming evidence that current access to ocean benefits and resources, as well as exposure to harms, is distributed inequitably. This results in negative effects on the environment and human health, loss of livelihoods, limited financial opportunities for vulnerable groups and challenges to nutritional and food security. Powerful interests (including states, communities and economic entities) benefit from existing arrangements. Challenging inequality represents a direct threat to such interests. Inequality is increasingly influencing economic development and political stability. Current and recent examples of social unrest are closely associated with concerns about inequality, climate change, corruption and related societal problems perceived as having an unfair impact. Increased scientific attention to inequality is starting to shape debates associated with the ocean. We argue that there is a general policy blindness to instruments and practices that maintain the unfair status quo, but that there are remedies to such blindness. The purpose of this Blue Paper is to explore ocean inequities and suggest approaches for the just inclusion of diverse actors in the blue economy agenda and the equitable distribution of ocean benefits. First, we define inequity terms and their drivers, as well as how they affect sustainability. Second, we explore policies and practices that have (or have not) worked in favour of equity, while also promoting ecological sustainability. Finally, we provide opportunities for action for policymakers, funding and research institutions, international and non-governmental organisations, business leadership as well as civil society to address systemic aspects of inequities along a spectrum of ambitions, from basic to transformative. These opportunities for action are not intended as alternatives. They constitute complementary and reinforcing action to support and inform pathways to a sustainable and just ocean economy.
Hope and Flourishing: A Cross-Cultural Examination Between Spanish and South African Samples
Authors: Flores-Lucas Valle , Martínez-Sinovas Raquel , López-Benítez Raúl , Guse Tharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores the commonalities and differences in hope between Spanish (N = 206) and South African (N = 100) samples based on data collected with the Hope Barometer in November 2018. Furthermore, we investigate similarities and differences in the sources of hope between the two samples, as reflected in the activities that people engage in to fulfil their hopes and to attain the hoped-for targets (hope activities). Finally, we examine these activities as predictors of hope. Since hope is an important predictor of flourishing, we also analyze the predictive power of hope and its dimensions on flourishing in both samples, using two different measures and conceptualizations of hope (perceived hope and dispositional hope). Finally, we explore the role of sociodemographic indicators as predictors of hope and flourishing. Our results indicated that South African participants had higher levels of hope than the Spanish sample. We also found differences and commonalities in terms of endorsement of specific hope activities. The results indicated that perceived hope was a strong predictor of flourishing in both samples, supporting the idea that perceived hope may be a universal motivational need applicable across cultures. These findings highlight the need to carry out more cross-cultural studies on hope and paves the way for further cross-cultural understanding of this important human resource.
In the shadow of state-led agrarian reforms: smallholder pervasiveness in rural China
Authors: Wilmsen Brooke , Rogers Sarah , van Hulten Andrew , Yuefang Duan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAgricultural modernisation is a longstanding goal of China’s Party-state. Since the early 2000s, it has pursued this goal through policies designed to facilitate land consolidation and support the expansion of large agricultural enterprises – ‘New Agricultural Operators’ (NAOs). In this paper we explore the effect of these policies on the livelihoods of a cohort of smallholder orange growers in the mountainous regions of Hubei province and the local political economy. An analysis of data from a 2019 survey of 266 households and interviews with villagers, agribusiness executives, cooperative leaders, and government officials, we find smallholder farmers are earning good incomes as independent commodity producers, withstanding attempts by local officials at land consolidation, and bypassing NAOs to self-determine their own modes of production and exchange. Our results speak to the ongoing debate about the future of smallholder farming in China, identify the strengths and limitations of recent state-centric analyses of agrarian transition, and re-iterate the pitfalls of the central government’s agricultural modernisation agenda.
Learning from English and Kuwaiti children’s transcoding errors: how might number names be temporarily adapted to assist learning of place value?
Authors: Hewitt Dave , Alajmi Amal Hussain 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study identifies language specific errors made with transcoding tasks to inform possible future pedagogic decisions regarding the language used when teaching early number. We compared children aged 5–7 years from Kuwait and England. The spoken Arabic language of Kuwait gave the opportunity to compare not only languages where the tens and units digits are said in a different order, but also where the direction of writing is different. We asked 396 children from Kuwait and 256 children from England to write down 2-, and 3-digit numbers which were spoken to them. We found that the direction of the language did not affect the nature of errors made, but that other aspects of the two languages could account for some of the differences we found. As well as supporting previous studies regarding the significance of the order in which the tens and units are said, we found significance in the role the word and can play in marking the number of digits involved. We also noted that the way the numbers 20, 100 and 200 are said in Arabic can set up particular symbolic associations which could account for other differences we found. Having identified language-specific errors, we discuss possible pedagogic decisions to temporarily use more regular language for the number names in each of the languages and propose the order in which number names are taught might be different to their mathematical order of magnitude.
Application of dynamic condensation for model order reduction in real-time hybrid simulations
Authors: Mucha Waldemar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents an algorithm for model order reduction in real-time hybrid simulations. The bottleneck of hybrid simulations are usually the finite element computations that must be performed in real time. The common approach to deal with this inconvenience is to involve powerful computing hardware. In the following paper opposite approach is presented—a new algorithm is proposed for reducing the model order. This allows to perform hybrid simulations more efficiently while maintaining high accuracy. The algorithm is based on dynamic condensation where the degrees of freedom are divided into masters and slaves, and system matrices are transformed in a way that only masters are kept. The transformation process is complex however, it is performed offline, therefore a relatively high computational effort is made a priori to make real-time calculations more efficient. The dynamic condensation algorithm was adapted to the requirements of hybrid simulations. The proper selection of masters is crucial for accuracy therefore, a novel approach based on evolutionary optimization is implemented. Numerical and experimental examples are provided. The examples prove that by implementing the proposed algorithms the following effects are achieved: (a) the time step of hybrid simulation can be significantly decreased when using implicit integration (increasing the accuracy of the measured dynamic behavior), (b) explicit integration can be sometimes implemented where it was previously not possible in real time, (c) smaller hardware resources can be involved (all computations in real-time hybrid simulations during the experiments were performed on a small microcontroller).
Progress in the study of functional genes related to direct seeding of rice
Authors: Li Xuezhong , Dong Jingfang , Zhu Wen , Zhao Junliang , Zhou Lingyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRice is a major food crop in the world. Owing to the shortage of rural labor and the development of agricultural mechanization, direct seeding has become the main method of rice cultivation. At present, the main problems faced by direct seeding of rice are low whole seedling rate, serious weeds, and easy lodging of rice in the middle and late stages of growth. Along with the rapid development of functional genomics, the functions of a large number of genes have been confirmed, including seed vigor, low-temperature tolerance germination, low oxygen tolerance growth, early seedling vigor, early root vigor, resistance to lodging, and other functional genes related to the direct seeding of rice. A review of the related functional genes has not yet been reported. In this study, the genes related to direct seeding of rice are summarized to comprehensively understand the genetic basis and mechanism of action in direct seeding of rice and to lay the foundation for further basic theoretical research and breeding application research in direct seeding of rice.
Exploring the Gender Gap in Teleworking from Home. The Roles of Worker’s Characteristics, Occupational Positions and Gender Equality in Europe
Authors: Kley Stefanie , Reimer Thordis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrevious research suggests an under-representation of women among teleworkers before the Covid-19 pandemic. However, we know little about whether such a gender gap was substantial, and whether it could be explained by occupational gender segregation. We explore whether a gender gap in regularly teleworking existed in the EU-28 and analyse its possible constituents, drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015. To form a group of potential teleworkers, the analytical sample was restricted to employees who made use of information and communication technology (N ≈ 16,000). Country fixed effects regression and multilevel models were applied. The results show that women were under-represented among teleworkers compared to men, also when occupational gender segregation is taken into account; the remaining gender gap in telework is estimated at 10%. For women, working part-time and working in the private sector was associated with lower incidences of telework, but not for men. Country characteristics explain a small but significant share of telework incidence. In countries that rank high on the Gender Equality Index and have a large public sector, telework was widespread, whereas it was less present in countries with higher shares of women in the fields of science and engineering. The findings support the view that the gender gap in teleworking from home is a matter of historically grown gender inequality.
Assessing fire severity in Turkey’s forest ecosystems using spectral indices from satellite images
Authors: Güney Coşkun Okan , Mert Ahmet , Gülsoy Serkan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFire severity classifications determine fire damage and regeneration potential in post-fire areas for effective implementation of restoration applications. Since fire damage varies according to vegetation and fire characteristics, regional assessment of fire severity is crucial. The objectives of this study were: (1) to test the performance of different satellite imagery and spectral indices, and two field—measured severity indices, CBI (Composite Burn Index) and GeoCBI (Geometrically structured Composite Burn Index) to assess fire severity; (2) to calculate classification thresholds for spectral indices that performed best in the study areas; and (3) to generate fire severity maps that could be used to determine the ecological impact of forest fires. Five large fires in Pinus brutia (Turkish pine) and Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana var. pallasiana (Anatolian black pine)—dominated forests during 2020 and 2021 were selected as study sites. The results show that GeoCBI provided more reliable estimates of field—measured fire severity than CBI. While Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8/OLI images performed similarly well, MODIS performed poorly. Fire severity classification thresholds were determined for Sentinel-2 based RdNBR, dNBR, dSAVI, dNDVI, and dNDMI and Landsat-8/OLI based dNBR, dNDVI, and dSAVI. Among several spectral indices, the highest accuracy for fire severity classification was found for Sentinel-2 based RdNBR (72.1%) and Landsat-8/OLI based dNBR (69.2%). The results can be used to assess and map fire severity in forest ecosystems similar to those in this study.
The transversoclasiotome: a novel instrument for examining the vertebral artery
Authors: Boscolo-Berto Rafael , Macchi Veronica , Tubbs R. Shane , Emmi Aron , Stecco Carla , Loukas Marios , Porzionato Andrea , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOpening the foramen transversarium of the cervical vertebrae is necessary for accessing the vertebral vessels. There are no specialist tools for cutting the anterior lamina of the transverse processes, and alternatives lead to questionable results. A novel tool, the transversoclasiotome, is described and tested. The literature and patent databases were systematically reviewed. A blueprint of the transversoclasiotome was created, and the prototype was tested through autopsy on ten fresh-frozen cadavers within our Body Donation Program. The transversoclasiotome consists of two delicate branches mounted as a scissor, one a cutting jaw and the other a knocker with a rounded tip, both angled 30° to the principal axis. The jaws shut, facing each other in parallel. The cutting jaw corresponds to a slit on the knocker profile without protruding beyond it even when entirely closed. It acts by cutting and wedging. The testing autopsies demonstrated its suitability for its purpose, with an adequate response to the pressure exerted on the bone lamina. The section cut cleanly, without sliding off while closing on the bone. The vertebral vessels were not injured either during instrument insertion or cutting. Their morphological features are described. The transversoclasiotome has been proven appropriate for sectioning the anterior lamina of transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae. It meets the needs of clinical anatomy in teaching and training clinicians or surgeons, forensic clinical anatomy during medico-legal investigation, and research.
Classical novae in the ASKAP pilot surveys
Authors: Gulati Ashna , Murphy Tara , Kaplan David L. , Soria Roberto , Leung James K. , Wang Yuanming , Pritchard Joshua , Lenc Emil , Duchesne Stefan W. , O’Brien Andrew 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present a systematic search for radio counterparts of novae using the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). Our search used the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey, which covered the entire sky south of declination

$+41^{\circ}$

(

$\sim$

$34000$

square degrees) at a central frequency of 887.5 MHz, the Variables and Slow Transients Pilot Survey, which covered

$\sim$

$5000$

square degrees per epoch (887.5 MHz), and other ASKAP pilot surveys, which covered

$\sim$

200–2000 square degrees with 2–12 h integration times. We crossmatched radio sources found in these surveys over a two–year period, from 2019 April to 2021 August, with 440 previously identified optical novae, and found radio counterparts for four novae: V5668 Sgr, V1369 Cen, YZ Ret, and RR Tel. Follow-up observations with the Australian Telescope Compact Array confirm the ejecta thinning across all observed bands with spectral analysis indicative of synchrotron emission in V1369 Cen and YZ Ret. Our light-curve fit with the Hubble Flow model yields a value of

$1.65\pm 0.17 \times 10^{-4} \rm \:M_\odot$

for the mass ejected in V1369 Cen. We also derive a peak surface brightness temperature of

$250\pm80$

K for YZ Ret. Using Hubble Flow model simulated radio lightcurves for novae, we demonstrate that with a 5

$\sigma$

sensitivity limit of 1.5 mJy in 15-min survey observations, we can detect radio emission up to a distance of 4 kpc if ejecta mass is in the range

$10^{-3}\rm \:M_\odot$

, and upto 1 kpc if ejecta mass is in the range

$10^{-5}$

–

$10^{-3}\rm \:M_\odot$

. Our study highlights ASKAP’s ability to contribute to future radio observations for novae within a distance of 1 kpc hosted on white dwarfs with masses

$0.4$

–

$1.25\:\rm M_\odot$

, and within a distance of 4 kpc hosted on white dwarfs with masses

$0.4$

–

$1.0\:\rm M_\odot$

.
Risk factors for acute toxoplasmosis in the Netherlands
Authors: Friesema Ingrid H. M. , Hofhuis Agnetha , Hoek-van Deursen Denise , Jansz Arjan R. , Ott Alewijn , van Hellemond Jaap J. , van der Giessen Joke , Kortbeek Laetitia M. , Opsteegh Marieke 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Toxoplasmosis caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii occurs worldwide. Infections range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. T. gondii infection is acquired either via bradyzoites in meat or via oocysts in the environment, but the relative importance of these path ways and the different sources remains unclear. In this study, possible risk factors for toxoplasmosis in the Netherlands were investigated. A case–control study was conducted including persons with recent infection and individuals with a negative test result for IgM and IgG for T. gondii between July 2016 and April 2021. A total of 48 cases and 50 controls completed the questionnaire. Food history and environmental exposure were compared using logistic regression. Consumption of different meats was found to be associated with recent infection. In the multivariable model, adjusted for age, gender, and pregnancy, consumption of large game meat (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.2, 95% confidence interval 1.6–41.9) and sometimes (aOR 4.1, 1.1–15.3) or never (aOR 15.9, 2.2–115.5) washing hands before food preparation remained. These results emphasize the value of the advice to be careful with the consumption of raw and undercooked meat. Good hand hygiene could also be promoted in the prevention of T. gondii infection.
The content and effects of interactions with chaplains
Authors: Lawton Amy , Cadge Wendy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesChaplains provide spiritual care in a variety of settings and are an important part of palliative and supportive care teams. This study aims to describe chaplain interactions from the perspective of the recipients of care.MethodsThe study draws on data from a nationally representative survey conducted by the Gallup Organization in March 2022.ResultsTwo main groups of recipients were identified: primary recipients and visitors/caregivers. Current typologies of chaplain activities focus on primary recipients of care, but a similar proportion of chaplain interactions takes place with visitors/caregivers. Bivariate analysis was used to compare the experiences of the chaplains’ primary recipients of care to other recipients of care and the experiences of visitors/caregivers to other recipients of care. Primary recipients of care were significantly more likely to have religious interactions with the chaplain and to experience the interactions as valuable and helpful.Significance of resultsThis study is the first to show the groups of people – primary recipients and visitors/caregivers – who receive care from chaplains. It demonstrates how care recipients experience care differently from chaplains based on their position, which has important implications for spiritual care practice.
Statistics of the Subgrid Cloud of an Idealized Tropical Cyclone at Convection‐Permitting Resolution
Authors: Zhang Xu , Bao Jian‐Wen , Huang Wei , Yu Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLarge‐eddy simulations of an idealized tropical cyclone (TC) were conducted as benchmarks to provide statistical information about subgrid convective clouds at a typical convection‐permitting resolution of 3 km over a TC convection system in different stages. The focus was on the vertical and spatial distributions of the subgrid cloud and associated mass flux that need to be parameterized in convection‐permitting models. Results showed that the characteristics of the subgrid clouds varied significantly in various parts of the TC convection system. Statistical analysis revealed that the subgrid clouds were mainly located in the lower troposphere and exhibited shallow vertical extents of less than 4 km. The subgrid clouds were also classified into various cloud regimes according to the maximum mass flux height. Local subgrid clouds differed in mass‐flux profile shape and magnitude at various regimes in the TC convection system.
Experimental Evidence for Shear‐Induced Melting and Generation of Stishovite in Granite at Low (<18 GPa) Shock Pressure
Authors: Hamann Christopher , Kurosawa Kosuke , Ono Haruka , Tada Toshihiro , Langenhorst Falko , Pollok Kilian , Genda Hidenori , Niihara Takafumi , Okamoto Takaya , Matsui Takafumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractKnowledge of the shock behavior of planetary materials is essential to interpret shock metamorphism documented in rocks at hypervelocity impact structures on Earth, in meteorites, and in samples retrieved in space missions. Although our understanding of shock metamorphism has improved considerably within the last decades, the effects of friction and plastic deformation on shock metamorphism of complex, polycrystalline, non‐porous rocks are poorly constrained. Here, we report on shock‐recovery experiments in which natural granite was dynamically compressed to 0.5–18 GPa by singular, hemispherically decaying shock fronts. We then combine petrographic observations of shocked samples that retained their pre‐impact stratigraphy with distributions of peak pressures, temperatures, and volumetric strain rates obtained from numerical modeling to systematically investigate progressive shock metamorphism of granite. We find that the progressive shock metamorphism of granite observed here is mainly consistent with current classification schemes. However, we also find that intense shear deformation during shock compression and release causes the formation of highly localized melt veins at peak pressures as low as 6 GPa, which is an order of magnitude lower than currently thought. We also find that melt veins formed in quartz grains compressed to >10–12 GPa contain the high‐pressure silica polymorph stishovite. Our results illustrate the significance of shear and plastic deformation during hypervelocity impact and bear on our understanding of how melt veins containing high‐pressure polymorphs form in moderately shocked terrestrial impactites or meteorites.