bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Drama of Complaint
Authors: Shortslef Emily 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Built around some of the most electrifying scenes in Shakespearean tragedy, The Drama of Complaint examines Shakespeare’s theatrical experiments with the poetic forms of complaint that were so prolific in early modern literature, showing how these conventional forms became crucibles for unconventional philosophical thought. Treating the literary field of complaint as a repertoire of stylized stock scenarios animated by conceptions of the good, this book argues that these microdramas of discontent and desire repeat across the period’s literature as vehicles of ethical thought, and that Shakespeare’s arrangements of these familiar scenes model and provoke new ways of thinking about ethical subjectivity and the good life. Drawing on early modern moral treatises and essays, Reformed theology, sermons, conduct manuals, and compendia of Aristotelian and Stoic moral philosophy alongside the period’s literature, the book identifies and theorizes five particular poetic forms of complaint and develops new readings of Shakespearean tragedies to which each of these forms is integral. By constructing a taxonomy that privileges the recurrence of particular objects of desire (justice, mercy, an end to suffering) over the characterological traits of particular complainers, it brings into relief the habitual ways of conceptualizing the good that shape and are articulated in these poetic forms. In showing how early modern scenes of complaint are critical points of entry to literary inquiries into ethical questions, The Drama of Complaint illuminates the literary practices of early modern England while gesturing to the rich potential that has led thinkers from Boethius to Montaigne to Freud to imagine human (un)happiness by constructing or interpreting scenes of complaint.
Signs of Life
Authors: Shortslef Emily 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter situates King Lear’s command to “Speak what we feel” in the context of early modern ethical discourse—namely, Calvinist and Neostoic counsel on responding to suffering—and tragic-existential meditations on human finitude. In these discourses, the figure of the complainer emblematizes human wretchedness and exemplifies unvirtuous conduct in the face of suffering. This figure is grounded in theological conceptions of creatureliness that define ungrudging acceptance of that suffering as the measure of ethical subjectivity. In Lear, a play that transposes the drama of creatureliness to an immanent world while taking up the same ethical questions about suffering, scenes of existential complaint reverse the valences of complaining. The play directs the audience’s attention to earthly sites of sovereign authority and suggests the ethical necessity of complaining in response to what the play calls “the weight of this sad time.”
Ethical Demands
Authors: Shortslef Emily 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that ethical responsibility is focalized in judicial complaint, a poetic form whose vision of justice is premised on a divinely authored moral law that grounds and mediates human relations. It explores the conventional co-articulation of judicial complaint and conscience, then examines Shakespeare’s theorizing of conscience in Richard III. While the play’s ghost scene is often read as a depiction of the internal drama of conscience, this chapter contends that Shakespeare represents the ghosts as real presences that cause Richard’s experience of conscience, rather than as symbols of his inner torment. In formally linking their complaints to a chorus of judicial complaints that demand to be answered throughout the play, Shakespeare refigures conscience as an experience that responds to the complaints of a human other.
Common Letters
Authors: Harris Amy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Between 1754 and 1763, the Sharp siblings exchanged a group of what they termed common letters. Principally designed to keep the two sibling groups (one centered in Northumberland and Durham, the other in London) connected, the letters were an on-going conversation in which all siblings participated. They expanded the genre of shared correspondence to become a vehicle for perpetuating their unique family culture. The letters are full of witticisms, inside jokes, humorous sketches, and puns. This interlude contains a transcription of two letters as examples of the letters’ content and style.
Reading Against the Grain
Authors: Howley Joseph A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter collects evidence for the forging of valuable books in Ancient Rome, and argues for the distinctiveness of forged books as a separate category from forged art objects or forged texts. It begins by examining the culture of antiquarianism and book collecting among educated elites in the second century ce, as described by Aulus Gellius. The chapter then turns to other accounts from the Roman imperial period of the notorious forgers’ techniques of artificial aging and weathering. It suggests that these techniques were developed in the households and libraries of Roman elites by enslaved and formerly enslaved book workers, and argues for understanding Roman book forgery as an acute locus of class conflict between Rome’s enslaving class and its enslaved class. The chapter concludes by returning to oblique accounts in Gellius of possibly forged books, suggesting that although he and his peers willfully lacked the technical book knowledge needed to detect forgers, he was alive to the possibility of book forgery and its literary implications.
Fictional Forgeries and the Twilight of the Self
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Two parallel treatments of tablets guide my thinking in this chapter. (1) Begun in the late 1960s and continuing until his death in 1999, Armand Schwerner’s The Tablets purports to be a set of “Sumero-Akkadian Tablets,” translated and commented on by a “Scholar-Translator” who may in fact be making up the tablets he claims to translate. (2) In 1984 Pascal Quignard published Les Tablettes de buis d’Apronenia Avitia, a novella which pretends to be a translation of the personal daybooks of Apronenia Avitia, a patrician Roman woman in the later 400s ce, at a moment when Rome was losing her global dominance and Christianity was eradicating her traditional religions. From these two projects, the chapter takes a reflection on the role of authenticity in cultural politics and how one conceives of selfhood.
Interference
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Seeing a black hole at the heart of a distant galaxy is like standing in Paris and reading a newspaper in New York. How is this possible? And why can quantum computers compute impossible things in hours that would take classical computers the time since the Big Bang? The answer to these questions is interference. Optical interferometry is mankind’s most sensitive form of measurement. In just the past several years, interferometry has been used to make the first image of a black hole, to demonstrate the first programmable quantum computer, and to detect the first gravitational waves. This recent list of “firsts” points to the fertile and active field of optical interferometry for which Interference provides a convenient and up-to-date guide for a wide audience interested in the science of light. This book tells the stories about the personal adventures experienced by the scientists and engineers who uncovered the vast wealth of optical interference phenomena. Beginning with Young’s double-slit experiment and the collaboration of Arago and Fresnel to prove the wave nature of light, to the detection of gravitational waves using kilometer-long laser beams, the history of interferometry has astonishing human drama that parallels the scientific drama of the discoveries.
Thomas Young Polymath
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“Thomas Young Polymath: The Law of Interference” tells the story of the invasion of Egypt in 1798 by Napoleon Bonaparte as the unlikely link among a set of epic discoveries that launched the modern science of light. The story of interferometry passes from the Egyptian campaign and the discovery of the Rosetta Stone to Thomas Young, building on the wave theory of Huygens, as he challenged Newton’s particles of light. Young was a polymath, known for his facility with languages that helped him decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics aided by the Rosetta Stone. He was also a city doctor who advised the admiralty on the construction of ships, and he became England’s premier physicist at the beginning of the nineteenth century. But his theory of the wave nature of light was controversial, attracting sharp criticism that would pass on the task of refuting Newton to a new generation of French optical physicists.
After the Gold Rush
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“After the Gold Rush: The Trials of Albert Michelson” tells the story of Michelson’s youth growing up in the gold fields of California before he was granted an extraordinary appointment to Annapolis by President Grant. Michelson invented his interferometer while visiting Hermann von Helmholtz in Berlin, Germany, as he sought to detect the motion of the Earth through the luminiferous ether, but no motion was detected. After returning to the States and a faculty position at Case University, he met Edward Morley, and the two continued the search for the Earth’s motion, concluding definitively its absence. The Michelson interferometer launched a menagerie of interferometers, including the Fabry–Perot, that ushered in the golden age of interferometry.
Stellar Interference
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“Stellar Interference: Measuring the Stars” brings the story of interferometry to the stars as Michelson proposed stellar interferometry, first demonstrated on the Galilean moons of Jupiter, followed by an application developed by Karl Schwarzschild for binary stars, and completed by Michelson with observations encouraged by George Hale on the star Betelgeuse. However, the Michelson stellar interferometry had stability limitations that were overcome by Hanbury Brown and Richard Twiss who developed intensity interferometry based on the effect of photon bunching. The ultimate resolution of telescopes was achieved after the development of adaptive optics that used interferometry to compensate for atmospheric turbulence.
Two Faces of Microscopy
Authors: Nolte David D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
“Two Faces of Microscopy: Diffraction and Interference” describes the development of principles of microscopy, starting with Joseph Fraunhofer and the principle of diffraction gratings perfected by Henry Rowland for high-resolution spectroscopy. The company of Carl Zeiss advanced microscope technology after enlisting the help of Ernst Abbe who formed a new theory of image formation based on light interference. These ideas were extended by Fritz Zernike in the development of phase-contrast microscopy. The ultimate resolution of microscopes, defined by Abbe and known as the Abbe resolution limit, turned out not to be a fundamental limit, but was surpassed by super-resolution microscopy using concepts of interference microscopy and structured illumination.
Wordsworth's Poetry of Repetition
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study suggests that it is through recapitulation—by saying things over again—that Wordsworth achieves ‘sincere’ verse. It explores aspects of poetic repetition including rhyme, metre, and form; ideas of ‘revisiting’ (which might be imaginative, physical, or textual), and the notion of Romantic ‘sincerity’ itself. It also re-examines forms of writing which might be understood as inherently recapitulative. It draws on philosophies of repetition, historical resources interested in repetition in the Romantic Period more generally, and eighteenth-century enquiries into syntax and grammar, in order to establish a context for recapitulation in Wordsworth’s poetry. The book suggests that in conceptual and literal instances, the most interesting aspect of Wordsworthian repetition is the way in which it persistently accommodates, negotiates, and exploits difference. It is interested in the way in which ideas of specificity and generality inhabit a similar space: Wordsworth’s recapitulation, it argues, engenders a flexible form of representation which implies that the one can stand in for the many, generating a complex interplay of specific and general which does not always overtly draw attention to itself but which nonetheless underpins some of the most significant moments of Wordsworth’s writing. Introductory chapters attend to key themes in general, and the argument proceeds via close readings of works in which the idea of recapitulation is either explored, performed, or both, demonstrating the poet’s preoccupation with repetitions which accommodate and declare variation, and thus achieve the sincerity which preoccupies him throughout his career.
Contexts for Repetition in the Romantic Period
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Without implying any direct or quantifiable relationship, this chapter suggests some of the contextual factors which may have influenced the sensitivities of romantic-period poets to the concept of repetition and its effects in verse. Such factors include long-eighteenth-century theories about the nature of art and the operation of the mind (both of which involve evolving understandings of memory), and the Higher Criticism associated with Bishop Lowth (particularly the parallelism Lowth identified within Hebrew verse, to which Wordsworth explicitly responded). Related but distinct questions of originality and authenticity are also introduced. These factors are placed alongside contemporary discourses of order, disorder, irregularity, and variation. Finally, the impact of industrial and political revolutions on the idea of what it might mean to repeat something is considered, drawing attention in particular to the possibilities for more perfect reproduction which became available in the Romantic Period.
Crafted Repetition
Authors: Houghton-Walker Sarah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter begins by reflecting on Wordsworth’s response to contemporary parodies of his own tendency towards repetition. Acknowledging that repetitive tendency as a dominant aspect of Wordsworth’s style, it goes on to survey and analyse instances of various kinds of repetition. These include ‘straightforward’ verbal repetitions, as well as the rhetorical devices Wordsworth enlists, including ploce, polyptoton, epanalepsis, epizeuxis, anadiplosis, diacope, antimetabole, and repotia. It also considers the ‘spots of time’ specifically as moments of repetition. The chapter ranges across a wide range of Wordsworth’s works, and suggests the effects of numerous examples of verbal repetition, but in particular it focuses on the way in which ideas of recapitulation allow Wordsworth to suggest the sort of connected unity which constitutes ideal society and experience, according to his understanding.
The Fiscal Policies of the British Labour Party in Times of Crisis
Authors: Bremer Björn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 6 studies the fiscal policies of the British Labour Party in response to the Great Recession. The chapter first situates the fiscal policies of the Labour Party in a historic context and uses quantitative content analysis to explore the programmatic response of the centre-left to the economic crisis. This analysis confirms that Labour accepted austerity as the dominant macroeconomic policy, and the chapter then uses elite interviews to draw out the causal mechanisms that pushed the party towards fiscal orthodoxy. It argues that politicians were not ideologues that had accepted the dominance of the market. Instead, the leaders of the Labour Party acted strategically, as they were convinced that the path to power leads through the centre. They sought to establish the party’s perceived fiscal credibility and economic competence to appeal to centrist, middle-class voters who they believed to be fiscal conservatives. Internally, these positions were also legitimized by a set of economic ideas that had been part and parcel of the Third Way. Labour thus supported fiscal consolidation for both strategic and ideational reasons.
The Fiscal Policies of the German SPD in Times of Crisis
Authors: Bremer Björn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 studies the fiscal policies of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) party in response to the Great Recession. The chapter first situates the fiscal policies of the SPD in a historic context and uses quantitative content analysis to explore the programmatic response of the centre-left to the economic crisis. This analysis confirms that the SPD accepted austerity as the dominant macroeconomic policy, and the chapter then uses elite interviews to draw out the causal mechanisms that pushed the party towards fiscal orthodoxy. It argues that Germany’s social democrats were not ideologues that had accepted the dominance of the market. Rather, the SPD lacked a clear economic paradigm that could have guided the response to the Great Recession. Weakened by internal conflict, it made programmatic decisions with reference to electoral calculations and remained trapped by its pre-crisis support for economic supply-side policies. Influenced by the dominant interpretation of the eurozone crisis, the party sought to increase its perceived economic credibility and supported fiscal consolidation for both strategic and ideational reasons.
Islam and Capitalism in the Making of Modern Bahrain
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent decades, the culture, society, politics, and economics, indeed the national identities, of Bahrain have been transformed, driving its global ambitions while retaining, to a degree, the rule of law and cosmopolitanism. Bahrain has sought to liberate the economy and business through the evolution of a legislative framework, although one often manipulated by the monarchy. At the same time, the Islamic charities in Bahrain, have provided a degree of autonomy and legal clarity for the Shi’ite majority in what is a Sunni-dominated state. Their powerful presence has moderated commercial capitalism and aggressive nationalism. Moreover, Bahrain has achieved a remarkable transformation towards market-led capitalism, seen most notably in its emergence as a major centre of Islamic finance and in the creation of substantial industrial diversification. As a result, Bahrain has become integral to the success of the Gulf Cooperation Council, attracting the vast oil wealth of its Gulf neighbours. It has frequently been argued that oil resources have been a curse for those who possess them. That has not been the case with Bahrain, but it has brought fractures to the society and to its politics. Notable here is the large presence of foreign labour, particularly in the private sector, which has impeded the development of essential skills and the improvement of labour productivity for indigenous labour. The education and skills gap between foreign and local labour is arguably more divisive for modern Bahrain than the religious divisions between the Sunni state and its Shi’a majority.
Introduction
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
From the seventeenth century, pearling had been the economic mainstay of Bahrain. By the 1930s, however, pearling had faded, and was replaced as the mainstay of the Bahrain economy by the extraction of crude oil. But oil production in turn faded, as Bahrain’s reserves declined by the 1970s, and the country underwent a third economic transformation. In recent decades, Bahrain has created an innovative financial sector to serve Bahrain’s oil-rich neighbours, a hub of Islamic finance. In this it has been assisted by the inflow of oil wealth from the Gulf producers, revenues that have driven the urbanization, industrialization, and the financial expansion of Bahrain. From the final decades of the twentieth century, oil capital has transformed Bahrain’s economy. It is important to explore the social, religious, and political contexts in which that transformation took place. Thus, the creation of a powerful capacity in Islamic finance clearly has a crucial religious context, in the need to secure compliance with Shari’ah law. Or again, a vastly growing financial sector as well as rapid urbanization and industrial expansion clearly had substantial demographic implications, for territorially small Bahrain had always been highly dependent on immigrant labour and immigrant skills. And finally, economic transformation inevitably brought social and political tensions. It is the exploration of those contexts and impacts that drive this book. First, however, it is essential to provide detail on Bahrain’s economic, social, and political history, for that history has had a long reach and profoundly shapes modern Bahrain.
A Place for the State
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In its pre-colonial and colonial history, legal concepts and practices in Bahrain shaped the transformation of the economy and the state. The grip of the state was tempered by law. And in recent decades, there has been an urgent need to liberate the economy and business through the evolution of a legislative framework. The power of the Bahrain state grew with the power of oil, principally after 1971. High oil prices, particularly after 2004–09, have coincided with a further change in the role of the state, economic diversification, and the reform of labour markets, reducing dependence on foreign labour and emphasizing local labour and its acquisition of essential skills. It is often said that Bahrain’s authoritarian state survives through oil wealth and the co-option of business elites. But Bahrain is unique in the Middle East, in that the state is responsive to secular institutions and political pressures through the law. There is juridical space for the state.
Transnational Trading Networks
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
One major component in the Bahrain economy has been the presence of a group of prominent business families from the seventeenth century. The families have not challenged the present state-owned corporations. The state, employing sovereign wealth funds and its commercial agencies, formed cartels with the compliant merchant class. This is evident in the petrochemical corporations (producing and refining oil), real estate developers, telecommunications corporations, and the banks. However, despite a deep commitment to joint management by the state and family interests, Bahrain employed professionally intermediated finance both at home and abroad. Foreign investment brought with it liberal economic behaviour and thus Bahrain possessed dynamic concentrations of industrial clusters in aluminium, cement, oil refining, food production, water, electric power, telecommunications, and transport, particularly air transport. Family firms accounted for an impressive 52 per cent in real estate and construction, from the 1990s, with the state commissioning huge building programmes and often sub-contracting to family firms.
Economic Diversification
Authors: Brown Rajeswary Ampalavanar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The depletion of Bahrain’s oil reserves from the 1950s drove an economic diversification into a number of industrial sectors, notably in the production of aluminium, with the establishment of Aluminium Bahrain in 1968, a joint venture between the Bahrain state and four international companies, and the production of cement. Industrial diversification was financed in large part by the vast revenues attracted to Bahrain from the oil-rich states of the Gulf, as Bahrain emerged as a major financial centre, a further important aspect of its diversification. Economic diversification also involved the creation of economic zones, notably the Bahrain Logistics Zone, the Bahrain Investment Wharf, and the Khalifah bin Salman Port.