bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond bilingualism
Authors: Yim Odilia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Code-switching, the spontaneous switching from
one language to another within a single speech event (Appel & Muysken, 1987),
is essentially a linguistic concept derived from language contact
research. The notion of bilingual code-switching has been
far-reaching: it has been the topic du jour for
decades in the field of sociolinguistics, it has been incorporated
into cognitive studies to further the study of bilingualism, and it
has been adopted into social psychological research from attitudes
to identity. While each field has its own perspective of the concept
and ways of operationalizing it into their respective methodologies,
it remains necessary to have a well-rounded understanding of this
linguistic concept and its definitions, constraints, and functions.
An overview of the core ideas linked to code-switching will be
explained, followed by a discussion of the studies that have
incorporated the construct into cognitive bilingualism research and
the social psychology of language. Finally, implications and future
avenues for the study of code-switching and bilingualism will be
discussed.
Learning through bilingual education
Authors: Esposito Alena G. , Park Sangmi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this chapter, we outline the contributions of
Ellen Bialystok to our understanding of the effects of bilingualism
on cognition and how these contributions have inspired research on
bilingual education. We discuss how her work on cognitive impacts of
bilingualism and bilingual education have contributed to and fueled
research investigating academic achievement and learning across
languages for both majority-language speakers learning a target
language and minority-language speakers learning the
majority-language. We conclude with the next steps and new questions
that have arisen in this area of research and the implications for
education.
Detection of high-frequency gravitational waves using high-energy pulsed lasers
Authors: Vacalis Georgios , Marocco Giacomo , Bamber James , Bingham Robert , Gregori Gianluca 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We propose a new method for detecting high-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) using high-energy pulsed lasers. Through the inverse Gertsenshtein effect, the interaction between a GW and the laser beam results in the creation of an electromagnetic signal. The latter can be detected using single-photon counting techniques. We compute the minimal strain of a detectable GW which only depends on the laser parameters. We find that a resonance occurs in this process when the frequency of the GW is twice the frequency of the laser. With this method, the frequency range 1013–1019 Hz is explored non-continuously for strains

h
≳

10

−
20

for current laser systems and can be extended to

h
≳

10

−
26

with future generation facilities.
3d transition metal substituted Fe3Se4: prediction of potential permanent magnet
Authors: Islam Riyajul , Borah J P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It is crucial for modern condensed matter physics to be able to effectively manipulate magnetism, as well as for permanent applications in general. The pristine Fe3Se4 is known to meet all the criteria for a good permanent magnet (PM), but its energy product

(
B
H

)

max

is quite low due to its low magnetization. Based on density functional theory calculations, we report on improved magnetic properties of promising transition metal (TM) substituted Fe3Se4 systems (TM0.5Fe2.5Se4 and TM1Fe2Se4, with TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn). The stability of the compounds is determined using phonon density of states and enthalpy of formation calculations. We predict an enhanced magnetization as well as uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) for TM substituted Fe3Se4, reaching a maximum value of

K

u

= 1.416 MJ m−3 for V1Fe2Se4. We investigate the electronic structure of the compounds, and explore the source of the improved MAE. The enhanced MAE in V1Fe2Se4 is attributed to the in-plane 3d orbitals near the Fermi level, E
F, which alters the overall electronic bands. Site-resolved contributions to

K

u

show that the Fe2 sublattice contributes considerably to the overall uniaxial anisotropy in V1Fe2Se4, whereas the Se sublattice contribution shifts from planar anisotropy in Fe3Se4 to uniaxial. Such improvements in uniaxial MAE, together with improved structural stability, make V1Fe2Se4 a promising choice for rare-earth-free PMs.
Growth of wafer-scale chromium sulphide and selenide semiconductor films
Authors: Yao Bing , Liu Weilin , Zhou Xiaoxiang , Yang Jiangfeng , Huang Xianlei , Fu Zihao , Yuan Guowen , Nie Yuefeng , Dai Yaomin , Xu Jie , Gao Libo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides have attracted enormous attention due to their stunning properties and great prospects for applications. Most of the reported 2D materials have layered structure, and non-layered transition metal chalcogenides are rare. Particularly, chromium chalcogenides are highly complexed in terms of structural phases. Researches on their representative chalcogenides, Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3, are insufficient and most of them focus on individual crystal grains. In this study, large-scale Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films with controllable thickness are successfully grown, and their crystalline qualities are confirmed by multiple characterizations. Moreover, the thickness-dependent Raman vibrations are investigated systematically, presenting slight redshift with increasing thickness. The fundamental physical properties of grown Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films, including optical bandgap, activation energy and electrical properties, are measured with different thicknesses. The 1.9 nm thick Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films show narrow optical bandgap of 0.732 and 0.672 eV, respectively. The electrical properties of Cr2S3 films demonstrate p-type semiconductor behaviours, while the Cr2Se3 films exhibit no gate response. This work can provide a feasible method for growing large-scale Cr2S3 and Cr2Se3 films, and reveal fundamental information of their physical properties, which is helpful for future applications.
Topological transport properties of highly oriented Bi2Te3 thin film deposited by sputtering
Authors: Pandey Lalit , Husain Sajid , Barwal Vineet , Hait Soumyarup , Gupta Nanhe Kumar , Mishra Vireshwar , Kumar Nakul , Sharma Nikita , Dixit Dinesh , Singh Veer , Chaudhary Sujeet 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Topological insulators (TIs) are the promising materials for next-generation technology due to their exotic features such as spin momentum locking, conducting surface states, etc. However, the high-quality growth of TIs by sputtering technique, which is one of the foremost industrial requirements, is extremely challenging. Also, the demonstration of simple investigation protocols to characterize topological properties of TIs using electron-transport methods is highly desirable. Here, we report the quantitative investigation of non-trivial parameters employing magnetotransport measurements on a prototypical highly textured Bi2Te3 TI thin film prepared by sputtering. Through the systematic analyses of the temperature and magnetic field dependent resistivity, all topological parameters associated with TIs, such as coherency factor

α

, Berry phase (

Φ

B

), mass term (m), the dephasing parameter (p), slope of temperature dependent conductivity correction (

κ

) and the surface state penetration depth (λ) are estimated by using the modified ‘Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka’, ‘Lu–Shen’ and ‘Altshuler–Aronov’ models. The obtained values of topological parameters are well comparable to those reported on molecular beam epitaxy grown TIs. The epitaxial growth of Bi2Te3 film using sputtering, and investigation of the non-trivial topological states from its electron-transport behavior are important for their fundamental understanding and technological applications.
Janus-functionalization induced magnetism and improved optoelectronic properties in two-dimension silicene and germanene: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Guo Gang , Xu Yajuan , Guo Gencai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the structural stability, optoelectronic and magnetic properties of silicene and germanene monolayers Janus-functionalized simultaneously with hydrogen and alkali metal atoms (Li and Na) are investigated systematically by using first-principles calculations. The calculated results of the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and cohesive energies indicate that all functionalized cases have good stability. Meanwhile, the calculated band structures show that all functionalized cases retain the Dirac cone. Particularly, the cases of HSiLi and HGeLi show metallic nature but retain semiconducting characteristics. Besides, the above two cases can present obvious magnetic behavior and their magnetic moments are mainly originated by the p states of Li atom. The metallic property and weak magnetic character can also be found in the case of HGeNa. While the case of HSiNa exhibits the nonmagnetic semiconducting property with a indirect band gap of 0.42 eV calculated by the HSE06 hybrid functional. It is also found that the optical absorption in the visible region of silicene and germanene can be effectively improved by Janus-functionalization. Specifically, a high optical absorption of visible light in an order of 4.5 × 105 cm−1 can be observed in the case of HSiNa. Furthermore, in the visible region, the reflection coefficients of all functionalized cases can also be enhanced. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the Janus-functionalization method to modulate the optoelectronic and magnetic properties of silicene and germanene, expanding their potential applications in the fields of spintronics and optoelectronics.
Network lightweight method based on knowledge distillation is applied to RV reducer fault diagnosis
Authors: He Feifei , Liu Chang , Wang Mengdi , Yang Enshan , Liu Xiaoqin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
As a core component of industrial robots, the RV reducer directly affects the normal operation of the robot, so it is of great significance to monitor its status and diagnose faults. In the field of fault diagnosis, intelligent diagnosis methods based on deep learning have shown great advantages in accuracy and efficiency. However, as the network depth and scale increase, the exponentially growing model computation and parameter amounts require higher hardware requirements for computers, making it difficult to deploy on embedded platforms with limited computing resources. This makes it difficult for deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods to be applied in practical industrial settings that emphasize real-time performance, portability, and accuracy. This paper proposes a network lightweight method based on knowledge distillation (KD). Using the two-dimensional time–frequency map of vibration signals as the model input, the improved MobileNet-V3 network is used as the teacher network, and the simplified convolutional neural network is used as the student network (SN). The method of KD is applied to condense the knowledge and transfer it to the SN. The proposed method is validated using an RV reducer fault simulation experiment platform, and the results show that the proposed method reduces computation and parameter amounts by about 170 times at an accuracy rate of 94.37%, and run time is shortened by nearly one-third, and a generalization verification was conducted using the rotating mechanical fault simulation experiment platform. The models were also deployed on embedded devices to verify that the method proposed in this paper effectively reduces the deep learning network model’s demand for hardware resources of the operating environment. This provides an effective reference for deploying and implementing deep learning-based fault diagnosis on embedded systems with lower hardware configurations.
Monitoring method of bolt looseness based on inversion of joint surface gap by magnetic field change
Authors: Chen Long-Chao , Jiang Yong-Zheng , Huang Lei , Zeng Li-Ying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the field of engineering, bolted connection structures are widely used, and loose bolts can lead to serious safety incidents. However, current monitoring techniques for bolt loosening are limited in their ability to detect the degree of looseness in real-time. To address this problem, this study proposes a novel approach to monitoring bolt loosening by using the inversion of magnetic field change combined with surface clearance. Firstly, the static magnetic field equation is theoretically derived using the Maxwell equation under the assumption of no current, and the sensitivity of the magnetic field to the gap is examined using finite element simulation. Secondly, a three-dimensional finite element model is established to conduct a parametric scan of the gap, and the relationship between the gap and magnetic field intensity is obtained. Furthermore, the study proposes a high-precision gap sensor design scheme, which is theoretically confirmed to be viable. To confirm the feasibility of the proposed bolt looseness monitoring method and the instrument development, a bolt looseness testing platform is built and applied in engineering practice. The research shows that this technique can successfully track the state of loosening bolts, offering a new approach and concept for bolt loosening monitoring. It has the potential for a wide range of applications.
Prediction of inter-granular crack initiation susceptibility in post irradiated grade 300 steels
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Zeng Zitao , Robertson Christian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Grade 300 austenitic steel components are subjected to irradiation-assisted stress corrosion cracking hazard, in the context of nuclear pressurized water reactor operation. In this paper, it is assumed that inter-granular cracking susceptibility primarily depends on sub grain plasticity mechanisms, controlling the slip band thickness and spacing achieved for a plastic strain level imposed. A computational model evaluating the related grain-boundary stress evolutions is developed and evaluated, using actual post-irradiation observations. In practice, we calculate a quantitative damage susceptibility factor R depending on the characteristic local slip band arrangements and the grain to grain misorientation. The statistical R evolutions obtained are consistent with the strain localization and related intergranular crack susceptibility trends, under corresponding irradiation and deformation conditions.
Solution processed bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) thin films and solar cells
Authors: Feeney Thomas , Aygur Gabriel , Nguyen Tony , Farooq Sidra , Mendes Joao , Tuohey Hayden , Gómez Daniel E , Della Gaspera Enrico , van Embden Joel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Post transition metal chalcohalides are an emerging class of semiconductor materials for optoelectronic applications. Within this class, bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) is of particular interest due to its high environmental stability, low toxicity, and defect tolerance considered typical of ‘ns2’ materials. Here we fabricate BiOI thin films using a solution-processed method that affords pin-hole free highly pure films without any residual carbon or other contaminant species. Based on these films, solution processed all-inorganic solar cells with an architecture ITO/NiO
x
/BiOI/ZnO/Al are fabricated for the first time. Additional device improvements are realised by templating BiOI thin film growth to attain efficiencies that rival some of the best vacuum deposited devices. The BiOI thin films and devices outlined here are an excellent platform for the further development of solution processed bismuth chalcohalide optoelectronic devices.
Rate-induced tipping: thresholds, edge states and connecting orbits
Authors: Wieczorek Sebastian , Xie Chun , Ashwin Peter 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rate-induced tipping (R-tipping) occurs when time-variation of input parameters of a dynamical system interacts with system timescales to give genuine nonautonomous instabilities. Such instabilities appear as the input varies at some critical rates and cannot, in general, be understood in terms of autonomous bifurcations in the frozen system with a fixed-in-time input. This paper develops an accessible mathematical framework for R-tipping in multidimensional nonautonomous dynamical systems with an autonomous future limit. We focus on R-tipping via loss of tracking of base attractors that are equilibria in the frozen system, due to crossing what we call regular R-tipping thresholds. These thresholds are anchored at infinity by regular R-tipping edge states: compact normally hyperbolic invariant sets of the autonomous future limit system that have one unstable direction, orientable stable manifold, and lie on a basin boundary. We define R-tipping and critical rates for the nonautonomous system in terms of special solutions that limit to a compact invariant set of the autonomous future limit system that is not an attractor. We focus on the case when the limit set is a regular edge state, introduce the concept of edge tails, and rigorously classify R-tipping into reversible, irreversible, and degenerate cases. The central idea is to use the autonomous dynamics of the future limit system to analyse R-tipping in the nonautonomous system. We compactify the original nonautonomous system to include the limiting autonomous dynamics. Considering regular R-tipping edge states that are equilibria allows us to prove two results. First, we give sufficient conditions for the occurrence of R-tipping in terms of easily testable properties of the frozen system and input variation. Second, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of reversible and irreversible R-tipping in terms of computationally verifiable (heteroclinic) connections to regular R-tipping edge states in the autonomous compactified system.
CeLNet: a correlation-enhanced lightweight network for medical image segmentation
Authors: Zhang Bangze , Wang Xiaoyan , Liu Lianggui , Zhang Denghui , Huang Xiaojie , Xia Ming , Jiang Weiwei , Huang Xiangsheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Convolutional neural networks have been widely adopted for medical image segmentation with their outstanding feature representation capabilities. As the segmentation accuracy gets constantly updated, the complexity of networks increases as well. Complex networks can achieve better performance but require more parameters and are hard to train with limited resources, while lightweight models are faster but cannot fully utilize the contextual information of medical images. In this paper, we focus on better balancing the efficiency and accuracy. Approach. We propose a correlation-enhanced lightweight network (CeLNet) for medical image segmentation, which adopts a siamese structure for weight sharing and parameter saving. Through the feature reuse and feature stacking of parallel branches, a point-depth convolution parallel block (PDP Block) is proposed to reduce the model parameters and computational cost while improving the feature extraction capability of encoder. A relation module is also designed to extract feature correlations of input slices, which utilizes global and local attention to enhance feature connections, while reducing feature differences through element subtraction, and finally obtains contextual information of associated slices to improve the segmentation performance. Main results. We conduct extensive experiments on the LiTS2017, MM-WHS and ISIC2018 datasets, and the proposed model consumes merely 5.18M parameters but achieves excellent segmentation performance, specifically, a DSC of 0.9233 in LiTS2017 dataset, an average DSC of 0.7895 on MM-WHS dataset and an average DSC of 0.8401 on ISIC2018 dataset. Significance. CeLNet achieves state-of-the-art performance in multiple datasets while ensuring lightweight.
A review of the effect of skin pigmentation on pulse oximeter accuracy
Authors: Al-Halawani Raghda , Charlton Peter H , Qassem Meha , Kyriacou Panayiotis A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective. Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive optical technique used to measure arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) in a variety of clinical settings and scenarios. Despite being one the most significant technological advances in health monitoring over the last few decades, there have been reports on its various limitations. Recently due to the Covid-19 pandemic, questions about pulse oximeter technology and its accuracy when used in people with different skin pigmentation have resurfaced, and are to be addressed. Approach. This review presents an introduction to the technique of pulse oximetry including its basic principle of operation, technology, and limitations, with a more in depth focus on skin pigmentation. Relevant literature relating to the performance and accuracy of pulse oximeters in populations with different skin pigmentation are evaluated. Main Results. The majority of the evidence suggests that the accuracy of pulse oximetry differs in subjects of different skin pigmentations to a level that requires particular attention, with decreased accuracy in patients with dark skin. Significance. Some recommendations, both from the literature and contributions from the authors, suggest how future work could address these inaccuracies to potentially improve clinical outcomes. These include the objective quantification of skin pigmentation to replace currently used qualitative methods, and computational modelling for predicting calibration algorithms based on skin colour.
Effects of printing parameters on 4D-printed PLA actuators
Authors: Alshebly Yousif Saad , Nafea Marwan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Controlling the printing parameters of four-dimensional (4D) printed actuators can be used to set the internal strain of the actuators. This approach can be utilised when using the fused deposition modelling method to develop 4D-printed actuators, allowing non-manual shape programming. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies that investigate the effects of printing parameters on the actuation performance of 4D-printed actuators. In this study, the effects of four printing parameters on the bending angle of 4D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) actuators are reported. These printing parameters include the printing speed, printing temperature, ratio of passive-to-active layers, and layer height. In addition, these printing parameters are investigated while changing the height of the actuators. The results show that increasing the printing speed increases the internal strain while increasing the printing temperature, layer height, or actuator height has the opposite effect. Moreover, it is found that a ratio of passive-to-active layers of 50% maximises the strain while selecting a higher or lower ratio causes the opposite effect. Based on the results, four mathematical predictive models are developed to determine the bending angle induced in the actuators when printed based on each printing parameter. Then, a predictive model that relates all the printing parameters and actuator height to the bending angle is developed. The predictive model is based on the characterization results of 534 PLA actuators, providing an R-squared value of 0.98. Then, a finite element analysis model is developed to replicate the shape memory effect in actuators. To prove the accuracy of the proposed concept, two grippers with four and eight fingers are developed. The results show that the printing parameters can be used to control the bending angle of each finger based on the design specifications.