bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer to Supercritical Pressure Fluid in Tubes With Rough Inner Surface
Authors: Wiltschko Fabian , Cheng Xu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The highly corrosive environment inside a supercritical water-cooled reactor (SCWR) places stringent demands on the fuel rod cladding material, particularly requiring it to have strong corrosion resistance. However, within a refueling cycle, an oxide layer is growing on the surface of the fuel rods. In any case, the heat transfer to water under supercritical pressure conditions (pcr=220.64 bar, Tcr=373.95 °C) is an overly complex phenomenon, since the thermophysical properties of the fluid show drastic variations with respect to the temperature around the pseudo-critical temperature. An increase in the surface roughness height has an impact on the heat transfer. To provide insight into the effect of surface roughness on heat transfer an experimental database, using the surrogate fluid R134a (pcr=40.59 bar, Tcr=101.06 °C), covering a range of flow conditions is established. The database consists of reference data, obtained in a conventional hydraulic tube and of data obtained in a tube with an artificially roughened inner surface. In this work, the impact of the surface roughness on heat transfer is evaluated, by comparing the results obtained in the smooth tube, to the results obtained in the tube with rough inner surface. Heat transfer is enhanced when the Reynolds number is large enough and heat transfer deterioration can be suppressed or shifted to larger bulk enthalpy, due to the roughness. Furthermore, existing empirical correlations are assessed against the newly generated experimental database. It is concluded that none of the available correlations satisfactory predicts the experimental data over the entire range of Reynolds numbers, surface roughness, and wall-to-bulk temperature ratios.
MODAL-DRN-BL: A Framework for Modal Analysis Based on Dilated Residual Broad Learning Networks
Authors: Zeng Peijian , Lin Nankai , Li Shun , Hou Liheng , Lin Jianghao , Yang Aimin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Each object has unique inherent frequencies and vibration modes, which are known as modal parameters. The modal analysis aims to study the free vibration characteristics of an object under an external force action. In modal analysis, finite element method (FEM) is widely used to build dynamic model structures and solve for modal parameters. Nevertheless, despite its widespread application, FEM does come with certain drawbacks related to computational efficiency. FEM necessitates the construction of stiffness and mass matrices for the structure, alongside an eigenvalue analysis during modal analysis, which can result in extensive computational time. Additionally, meshing the object is a fundamental requirement for FEM, and achieving proper meshing can be a laborious and time-consuming task. In the case of nonlinear problems, FEM demands iterative solutions, with each iteration addressing a linear system. To that end, in this article, we propose a MODAL-DRN-BL framework to improve the computational efficiency against FEM. MODAL-DRN-BL utilizes convolution operation to effectively expand the receptive field and capture vibration information at longer distances. It also handles sparse interaction between features through a broad learning module. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed MODAL-DRN-BL framework achieves a mean absolute error of 1.49 in modal analysis benchmark ansys apdl (Ansys Parametric Design Language). Moreover, in terms of computational time, the MODAL-DRN-BL framework exhibits significant optimization compared to ansys apdl, resulting in a five-order-of-magnitude improvement in computational efficiency.
Comparing field and lab quantitative stable isotope probing for nitrogen assimilation in soil microbes
Authors: Reed Kinsey , Dang Chansotheary , Walkup Jeth , Purcell Alicia , Hungate Bruce , Morrissey Ember 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Soil microbial communities play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and can help retain nitrogen in agricultural soils. Quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) is a useful method for investigating taxon-specific microbial growth and utilization of specific nutrients, such as nitrogen (N). Typically, qSIP is performed in a highly controlled lab setting, so the field relevance of lab qSIP studies remains unknown. We conducted and compared tandem lab and field qSIP to quantify the assimilation of
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N by maize-associated soil prokaryotic communities at two agricultural sites. Here, we show that field qSIP with
15
N can be used to measure taxon-specific microbial N assimilation. Relative
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N assimilation rates were generally lower in the field, and the magnitude of this difference varied by site. Rates differed by method (lab vs field) for 19% of the top N assimilating genera. The field and lab measures were more comparable when relative assimilation rates were weighted by relative abundance to estimate the proportion of N assimilated by each genus with only ~10% of taxa differing by method. Of those that differed, the taxa consistently higher in the lab were inclined to have opportunistic lifestyle strategies, whereas those higher in the field had niches reliant on plant roots or in-tact soil structure (biofilms, mycelia). This study demonstrates that
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N-qSIP can be successfully performed using field-incubated soils to identify microbial allies in N retention and highlights the strengths and limitations of field and lab qSIP approaches.

IMPORTANCE

Soil microbes are responsible for critical biogeochemical processes in natural and agricultural ecosystems. Despite their importance, the functional traits of most soil organisms remain woefully under-characterized, limiting our ability to understand how microbial populations influence the transformation of elements such as nitrogen (N) in soil. Quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) is a powerful tool to measure the traits of individual taxa. This method has rarely been applied in the field or with
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N to measure nitrogen assimilation. In this study, we measured genus-specific microbial nitrogen assimilation in two agricultural soils and compared field and lab
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N qSIP methods. Our results identify taxa important for nitrogen assimilation in agricultural soils, shed light on the field relevance of lab qSIP studies, and provide guidance for the future application of qSIP to measure microbial traits in the field.
Draft genomes of fluoroquinolone-resistant
Salmonella enterica
subspecies
enterica
strains isolated from Cambodian poultry marketplaces
Authors: Goh Evelyn C. , Hu Dalong , Chea Rortana , Low Adrian , Koh Xiu Qi , Tum Sothyra , Boucher Yann Felix 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

High-quality draft genomes of six
Salmonella enterica
subspecies
enterica
strains from Cambodian poultry marketplaces were sequenced. The strains were identified as Corvallis-, Monschaui-, and Kentucky-serovars. The fluoroquinolone resistance gene,
qnrS,
was found in three strains in different Cambodian provinces. These genomes serve as references for antibiotic resistance genotypes.
Association between poor drug adherence and undernutrition among adult HIV patients in southern Ethiopia: an institution based cross sectional study
Authors: Belete Nigus Kabtu , Gadore Tesfaye Feleke , Assefa Darik Temesgen , Teshale Manaye Yihune , Sorrie Muluken Bekele , Tariku Eshetu Zerihun 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveUndernutrition is a common issue for HIV and other immune suppressed patients. Approximately 462 million people worldwide living with HIV are experiencing undernutrition, with sub-Saharan Africa having the highest prevalence. Good adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) indirectly helps prevent undernutrition by suppressing viral load, increasing CD4 count, preventing viral resistance, enhancing immune reconstitution and delaying disease progression in HIV patients. This study aims to assess the association between poor drug adherence and undernutrition among adult HIV patients in southern Ethiopia.Study designAn institution based cross sectional study design was used.Setting and participantsThe study was conducted in 406 randomly selected adult HIV patients from Gamo zone public health facilities.Primary and secondary outcomesThe data were collected by a trained data collector using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire, patient record review and physical measurements. Binary logistic regression was run to select candidate variables, and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association between undernutrition and poor drug adherence, as well as other variables. A p value <0.05 with 95% CI was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe magnitude of undernutrition was 28% (95% CI 24.0 to 33). Being a male patient (AOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.243 to 3.573), poor ART drug adherence (AOR 3.6, 1.815 to 7.428) and consuming <5 food groups (AOR 4.8, 2.901 to 8.265) were significantly associated with undernutrition among adult HIV patients.ConclusionsPoor drug adherence was significantly associated with undernutrition. Also, sex and dietary diversity were identified as predictors for undernutrition among adult HIV patients. Therefore, effectively managing poor drug adherence, nutritional supplements and communicating behavioural change implications are critical for successfully preventing undernutrition.
Research investigating patient and carer psychoeducation needs regarding post-stroke cognition: a scoping review
Authors: Hobden Georgina , Tabone Faye , Demeyere Nele 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo search the literature systematically in order to map and identify gaps in research investigating patient and family member psychoeducation needs regarding post-stroke cognition.DesignScoping review conducted in line with Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) recommendations and PRISMA-ScR checklist.MethodsMEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus were searched on 25 August 2023 for peer-reviewed studies conducted in a high-income country, describing cognition-related psychoeducation needs in stroke survivors and/or family members aged ≥18 years (≥50% of the study population). Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and then full-text articles. One reviewer extracted pre-defined study characteristics and findings. These data were verified by a second reviewer. Synthesis involved descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsSearches identified 8115 articles, of which 30 were included. Articles were published between 1996 and 2023. Studies were conducted in Australia (n=7), USA (n=6), UK (n=5), Canada (n=3), New Zealand (n=3), Ireland (n=2), Netherlands (n=2), South Korea (n=1) and Sweden (n=1). Most studies (n=21) used an exclusively qualitative approach but six combined qualitative and quantitative methods. The post-stroke period under investigation varied, including the acute/subacute stage (n=10) and the chronic stage (n=3), though many articles did not state the timepoint explicitly. Research was conducted with stroke survivors only (n=7), family members only (n=12) and both stroke survivors and family members (n=11). Qualitative analysis suggested participants wanted psychoeducation about cognitive impairment, including recovery expectations, treatment/therapy options and signposting to services/resources available. Hopeful information was important. Factors potentially impacting cognition-related psychoeducation needs were identified as time since stroke and family member relationship. Most articles focused on aphasia with very few studies considering other cognitive domains (eg, memory, attention, executive function).ConclusionsThe need for psychoeducation regarding cognition is well evidenced throughout the post-stroke care continuum, though most research has focused on language impairments. Further research investigating other cognitive impairments (eg, impairments in memory, attention and executive function) is required.
What is the current scope of research assessing patients’ and clinicians’ perspectives on clozapine treatment? A comprehensive scoping review
Authors: Jakobsen Michelle Iris , Schaug Julie Perrine , Storebø Ole Jakob , Austin Stephen F , Nielsen Jimmi , Simonsen Erik 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesClozapine is continuously underused. The existing systematic reviews addressing barriers to clozapine prescribing primarily focus on clinical staff’s attitudes and perceived barriers to prescribing. However, a preliminary literature search revealed additional literature on the subject not previously included in systematic reviews, including literature on patient perspectives. A scoping review is warranted to map the scope of primary studies on patients’ and/or clinicians’ perspectives on clozapine treatment and to identify gaps in research.DesignA scoping review was designed and reported in accordance with established guidelines for scoping reviews.Data sourcesThe electronic databases Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar and two grey literature databases were searched. Furthermore, citation tracking of selected studies was undertaken.Eligibility criteriaWe included primary, empirical studies reporting clinicians’ and/or patients’ perspectives on clozapine treatment. No limitation was set for the year of publication or type of primary study.Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently screened for studies, extracted the data and coded the content. Findings were summarised visually and narratively.Results146 studies were included. Most studies reported on patients’ or clinicians’ perspectives on active clozapine treatment or on clinicians’ perspectives on barriers to clozapine initiation in general. Three gaps in research were identified: (1) clozapine-eligible, yet clozapine-naïve, patients’ attitudes towards clozapine commencement, (2) clinicians’ reasons for clozapine withholding and perceived facilitators of clozapine treatment in specific patient-cases and (3) patient and clinician perspectives on clozapine discontinuation, continuation and rechallenge in specific patient cases.ConclusionsResearch on clozapine perspectives tends to repeat itself. Future studies addressing the identified gaps in evidence could provide the insights needed to optimise clozapine utilisation.
Association of preoperative blood biomarkers with postoperative major adverse cardiac events and mortality in major orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Yi , Wen Zhenghao , Zhou Suzhen , Lu Lin , Hua Zhen , Sun Yanxia 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe association between preoperative blood biomarkers and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) as well as mortality after major orthopaedic surgery remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between preoperative blood biomarkers and postoperative MACEs as well as all-cause mortality in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery.DesignA systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 20 October 2024 were searched.Eligibility criteriaObservational or experimental studies reporting the correlation between preoperative blood biomarkers and postoperative MACEs—categorised as short-term (within 3 months) or long-term (beyond 3 months)—and all-cause mortality in patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery.Data extraction and synthesisData from studies reporting OR or HR and its 95% CI were pooled for analysis using random-effects model.Results21 preoperative blood-based biomarkers from 80 studies with 226 468 patients were analysed. Elevated preoperative cardiac biomarkers were correlated with a heightened risk of MACEs within 3 months (natriuretic peptide: OR 3.37, 95% CI 2.07 to 5.47, I2=87.9%; cardiac troponin: OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.52 to 15.75, I2=69.5%) with significant heterogeneity. Only natriuretic peptide was associated with a high-risk long-term MACEs (>3 months) (OR 3.52, 95% CI 1.73 to 7.17, I2=86.2%). In contrast, cardiac biomarkers were not identified as having prognostic value for all-cause mortality in this patient cohort. Additionally, an increased risk of all-cause mortality was associated with preoperative abnormal levels of albumin (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.24, I2=84.8%), creatinine (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.95, I2=0), 25(OH)D (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.14, I2=0) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.17, I2=0), rather than cardiac biomarkers.ConclusionsThe study proposed that cardiac biomarkers assessed before surgery could offer prognostic insight into short-term MACEs, while preoperative abnormal levels of albumin, creatinine, 25 (OH)D and GFR might be prognostic valuable for all-cause mortality following major orthopaedic surgery.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022352091.
Rationale and design for the thoracic Paravertebral Adjunctive Dexamethasone Palmitate Reducing chronic pain After cardiac surgery (PANDORA) trial: a parallel-group, double-blinded, randomised controlled, single-centre study
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhang Taoyuan , Zheng Ziyu , Gao Jiao , Gao Baobao , Hou Lihong , Zhao Jing , Wang Lini , Dong Hailong , Lei Chong 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionMinimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) is important for enhanced recovery in cardiac surgery. However, the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is high and is associated with worsened quality of recovery and life, as well as raised short-term or long-term mortality. The mechanism is not clear, and there is still a lack of safe and effective preventive measures.Methods and analysisThe Paravertebral Adjunctive Dexamethasone Palmitate Reducing chronic pain After cardiac surgery (PANDORA) trial is a parallel-group, double-blinded, randomised controlled, single-centre study recruiting 902 participants undergoing MICS. Participants will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to dexamethasone palmitate (D-PAL) emulsion group and dexamethasone (DSP) group. To investigate the effect of a single bolus perineural administration of D-PAL as an adjuvant treatment to a standard thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) with ropivacaine decreases the incidence of CPSP in adult patients as compared with single bolus perineural administration of DSP combined with ropivacaine in TPVB. The primary endpoint is the incidence of chronic postoperative pain at 3 months following surgery defined as per the updated International Classification of Diseases. CPSP is defined as a new development of pain or increase in the intensity of pain at the surgical area or projected onto the innervation area of a nerve in this area after a surgical procedure that persists for at least 3 months. The nature and intensity of pain will be evaluated with a Brief Pain Inventory Short Form (BPI-SF) questionnaire.Ethics and disseminationThe trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xijing Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University (KY20232194-C-1). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic meetings.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov,NCT05920967.
Adaptive coping mechanisms use and associated factors among adult glaucoma patients attending the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tertiary Eye Care and Training Center, Northwest Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Geremew Bisrat Misganaw , Sisay Mahtot Leykun , Alemayehu Biruk Fanta , Melese Woretaw Endalew , Mekonenne Abebe Tilahun , Birhan Getenet Shumet , Eticha Biruk Lelisa 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveAdaptive coping mechanisms (ACMs) are effective ways to cope with stress and anxiety in patients with chronic illnesses, such as glaucoma. This study aimed to assess the proportion of ACM and associated factors among adult glaucoma patients enrolled at the tertiary eye care and training centre in Northwest Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted at a tertiary eye care and training centre in Northwest Ethiopia from 15 May 2022 to 30 June 2022.ParticipantsThe study included a sample of 398 adult glaucoma patients selected using a systematic random sampling technique.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe participants were diagnosed with glaucoma by ophthalmologists. Optometrists conducted interviews, reviewed medical records and administered a pretested, structured questionnaire based on the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify associated factors, with significance considered at a p<0.05 and 95% CI.ResultsThe prevalence of ACM use among glaucoma patients was 45.7% (95% CI 41.2% to 50.3%). Factors significantly associated with ACM included urban residence (adjusted OR, AOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.25 to 5.28), higher average family monthly income (AOR 3.83, 95% CI 1.37 to 10.70), moderate to severe visual impairment (AOR 2.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 4.74), duration of diagnosis between 11 and 16 months (AOR 3.94, 95% CI 1.84 to 8.44) and more than 24 months (AOR 3.75, 95% CI 1.59 to 8.81) and the presence of ocular comorbidities (AOR 4.28, 95% CI 2.28 to 8.05).ConclusionsAbout half of adult glaucoma patients used ACM to manage their condition. Older age, urban residence, higher average family monthly income, moderate to severe visual impairment and the presence of ocular comorbidities were significantly associated with ACM. Implementing an integrated approach that incorporates biopsychosocial strategies aimed at reducing ACM and promoting the adaptive one is essential.
Comparative effects of dual-task training versus combined exercise training in water and on land on patients with multiple sclerosis: a study protocol of a randomised factorial trial
Authors: Nazary Soltan Ahmad Sahar , Shojaedin Seyed Sadredin , Tazji Mehdi Khaleghi 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPeople with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) experience cognitive and motor impairments, including cognitive training and exercise training. This study compares dual task and combined exercise training in water and on land. Water-based training may enhance cognitive and motor function more effectively than land-based training, presenting a promising intervention for PwMS. We explore dual-task training (DTT), including cognitive and motor exercise, with combined exercise in water and on land on the cognition, balance and gait PwMS.Methods and analysisThis is a double-blind 3*2*2 factorial randomised trial. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of six groups: four intervention groups and two control groups. All patients will receive supervised 12-week training sessions, two times per week, and will be assessed by a blinded outcome assessor before and at the end of the 12-week programme. The primary outcome includes the Symbol Digit Modalities Test. The secondary outcomes involve the California Verbal Learning Test-II, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test—Revised, kinetics and kinematics throughout the balance and gait cycle. All the data will be analysed by a blinded data analyst.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was granted by the Sports Science Research Institute (No. IR.SSRC.REC.1401.082). The results of the trial will be submitted for publication in journals and distributed to PwMS and physiotherapists.Trial registration numberThe trial is prospectively registered on 22 March 2024, athttps://www.umin.ac.jp/with an identification number (UMIN000053947).