bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of antibacterial attacins induced in Hyalophora cecropia pupae immunized with Enterobacter cloacae C7‐501 using ion‐exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and Rotofor® isoelectric focusing
Authors: Ko Kisung , Kim Kibum , Kim Yerin , Norelli John L. , Brown Susan K. , Aldwinckle Herb S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHyalophora cecropia pupae were infected by Enterobacter cloacae C7‐501 to induce antibacterial attacins for purification. The induction of attacins in immunized pupae was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). Ion‐exchange chromatography (IEC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and Rotofor® isoelectric focusing (ISEF) were applied to isolate attacins from the hemolymph. IEC separated attacins from most hemolymph proteins, but the fractions containing attacins also had other proteins of 20 and 64 kDa in length. In IEC, attacin was eluted with ~0.2 M NaCl. The best conditions for IEC were pH 9, flow rate of 2 mL/min, with step elution (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 M NaCl). In HIC, most other proteins were eluted with the ammonium persulfate treatment. HIC isolated attacin proteins under hydrophobic conditions, at ~50% EtOH. However, the fraction with attacins also contained other proteins. The Rotofor® ISEF produced fractions containing attacins at isoelectric points ranging between 5.7 and 8.3. However, non‐specific proteins were detected in the fraction samples, and the recovery of attacins was low. The purification efficiency of ISEF was lower than IEC and HIC. In this study, the expression of attacins was induced in H. cecropia pupae infected with E. cloacae C7‐501, and attacins could be purified by IEC and ISEF. Overall, IEC provided better separation of attacins from the hemolymph of H. cecropia pupae immunized with E. cloacae bacteria than HIC and Rotofor® ISEF.
Utilizing retrograde autologous priming for blood conservation in cardiac surgery
Authors: Mekhail Andrew , Clayton Nicholas , Rhadakrishnan Kamaraj , Blakey Amber , Galvin Sean 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of crystalloid priming for extracorporeal circuit in adult cardiac surgery causes inevitable haemodilution. The haemodilution can be reduced by using methods such as retrograde autologous priming (RAP) with the patient's blood. This study compares the RAP technique with standard priming with regards to safety and the impact on haemodilution.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study between a control group (n = 100) consisting of consecutive patients undergoing first time isolated coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with crystalloid priming solution in the circuit, and the RAP group (n = 100) consisting of patients undergoing isolated first time CABG with the RAP method. All demographics, procedure and perfusion data were gathered from the local surgical and perfusion database.ResultsDespite starting with comparable mean pre‐operative haemoglobin (Hb) levels (control 127 mg/dL versus RAP 129 mg/dL), the RAP group had significantly higher mean post‐op Hb level (109 mg/dL versus 92 mg/dL, P < 0.01). Crystalloid use was also significantly lower in RAP group (3.15 L versus 4.17 L P < 0.02). Freedom from red blood cell transfusion (86% versus 76% P = 0.038) and freedom from blood products (78% versus 66%, P = 0.032) was also significantly better in the RAP group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that retrograde autologous priming is a safe and effective method for priming the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit in adult cardiac surgery, with significantly beneficial effects on transfusion rates and intra operative fluid requirements. Given these results the RAP method should be considered as a routine step in priming an extracorporeal circuit for adult cardiac operations.
Biomarkers at 6 weeks' gestation in the prediction of early miscarriage in pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Guo Jun , Feng Qiaoli , Chaemsaithong Piya , Appiah Kubi , Sahota Daljit S. , Leung Bo Wah , Chung Jacqueline P. , Li Tin Chiu , Poon Liona C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionMiscarriage is a major concern in early pregnancy among women having conceived with assisted reproductive treatments. This study aimed to examine potential miscarriage‐related biophysical and biochemical markers at 6 weeks' gestation among women with confirmed clinical pregnancy following in vitro fertilization (IVF)/embryo transfer (ET) and evaluate the performance of a model combining maternal factors, biophysical and biochemical markers at 6 weeks' gestation in the prediction of first trimester miscarriage among singleton pregnancies following IVF/ET.Material and methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in a teaching hospital between December 2017 and January 2020 including women who conceived through IVF/ET. Maternal mean arterial pressure, ultrasound markers including mean gestational sac diameter, fetal heart activity, crown rump length and mean uterine artery pulsatility index (mUTPI) and biochemical biomarkers including maternal serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1), placental growth factor (PlGF), kisspeptin and glycodelin‐A were measured at 6 weeks' gestation. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine significant predictors of miscarriage prior to 13 weeks' gestation and performance of screening was estimated by receiver‐operating characteristics curve analysis.ResultsAmong 169 included pregnancies, 145 (85.8%) pregnancies progressed to beyond 13 weeks' gestation and had live births whereas 24 (14.2%) pregnancies resulted in a miscarriage during the first trimester. In the miscarriage group, compared to the live birth group, maternal age, body mass index, and mean arterial pressure were significantly increased; mean gestational sac diameter, crown rump length, mUTPI, serum sFlt‐1, glycodelin‐A, and the rate of positive fetal heart activity were significantly decreased, while no significant differences were detected in PlGF and kisspeptin. Significant prediction for miscarriage before 13 weeks' gestation was provided by maternal age, fetal heart activity, mUTPI, and serum glycodelin‐A. The combination of maternal age, ultrasound (fetal heart activity and mUTPI), and biochemical (glycodelin‐A) markers achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC: 0.918, 95% CI 0.866–0.955), with estimated detection rates of 54.2% and 70.8% for miscarriage before 13 weeks' gestation, at fixed false positive rates of 5% and 10%, respectively.ConclusionsA combination of maternal age, fetal heart activity, mUTPI, and serum glycodelin‐A at 6 weeks' gestation could effectively identify IVF/ET pregnancies at risk of first trimester miscarriage.
Psilocybin: The most effective moral bio‐enhancer?
Authors: Rakić Vojin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the possible effects of psychedelic drugs, notably psilocybin, on moral bio‐enhancement (MBE). It will be argued that non‐psychedelic substances, such as oxytocin, serotonin/serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or vasopressin, have indirect effects on M(B)E, whereas psilocybin has direct effects. Additionally, morality and happiness have been shown to operate in a circularly supportive relationship. It will be argued that psilocybin also has more direct effects on the augmentation of human happiness than non‐psychedelic substances. Hence, psilocybin multiplies its effects on morality and on moral enhancement (as well as on happiness) if compared with non‐psychedelic substances. Still, caution is advised if psilocybin is being used, and the correct dosage should be prescribed by an appropriate physician. Furthermore, the use of psilocybin has additional effects on moral enhancement and happiness if combined with meditation, preferably under the guidance of an experienced meditation specialist.
Pleistocene river diversions caused by large landslides in the western Pyrenees (Oria River drainage basin, N Spain)
Authors: Iribar V. , Ábalos B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRiver‐blocking landslides exert a deep impact on mountain range landscapes and the organization of catchments. A blocked river diverted to another watershed modifies both original and transferred drainage networks both up‐ and downstream. Using western Pyrenees examples, a geological and geomorphic framework with diagnostic criteria to detect river diversion by landslides is presented, including the identification of elbows of diversion, eroded divides, beheaded underfit rivers, diverted overfit rivers, reversed river segments and the landslides at fault. Some landslides caused the formation of lakes that overflowed upstream at catchment divide segments with elevations lower than those of blocking landslide tops. Unravelling the presence of fan deltas at distinct sites/elevations of palaeolake shores contributed as well to identification of river damming and later diversion episodes. Reconstruction of the sedimentary organization of river palaeovalleys and of their associated fluvial terraces and palaeoriver channels (some currently submerged by the Cantabrian Sea), along with the reconstruction of river profiles, analysis of bedrock and morphology of watershed divides, identify seven river diversions caused by landslides and 14 additional slides that variably constrained river basin dynamics in the area studied. The diverting slides have current areas between 0.06 and 12.3 km2 (thus including giant examples), thicknesses up to 300 m and translational–rotational rupture surfaces usually with low dip angles (3.5–12.3°). A combination of relative dating methods and published absolute ages suggests that diversion events occurred during the Quaternary. This study shows that river diversion by landslides can be significant in mountainous areas of moderate relief.
Favorable outcomes in Hispanic recipients receiving simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation
Authors: Budhiraja Pooja , Reddy Kunam S. , Heilman Raymond L. , Jadlowiec Caroline C. , Khamash Hassan , Reddy Swetha , Katariya Nitin , Chakkera Harini A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the long‐term outcomes of Hispanic versus white recipients who underwent simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPKT). This single‐center study, conducted from 2003 to 2022, had a median follow‐up of 7.5 years. The study included 91 Hispanic and 202 white SPKT recipients. The mean age (44 vs. 46 years), percentage of males (67% vs. 58%), and body mass index (BMI) (25.6 vs. 25.3 kg/m2) were similar between the Hispanic and white groups. The Hispanic group had more recipients with type 2 diabetes (38%) compared to the white group (5%, p < .001). The duration of dialysis was longer in Hispanics (640 vs. 473 days, p = .02), and fewer patients received preemptive transplants (10% vs. 29%, p < .01) compared to whites. Hospital length of stay, rates of BK Viremia, and acute rejection episodes within 1 year were similar between the groups. The estimated 5‐year kidney, pancreas, and patient survival rates were also similar between the groups, 94%, 81%, and 95% in Hispanics, compared to 90%, 79%, and 90% in whites. Increasing age and longer duration of dialysis were risk factors for death. Although Hispanic recipients had a longer duration on dialysis and fewer preemptive transplants, the survival rates were similar to those of white recipients. However, referring providers and many transplant centers continue to overlook pancreas transplants for appropriately selected patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly among minority populations. As a transplant community, it is crucial that we make efforts to comprehend and tackle these obstacles to transplantation.
Effects of stress contagion on anxiogenic‐ and orofacial inflammatory pain‐like behaviors with brain activation in mice
Authors: Piriyaprasath Kajita , Hasegawa Mana , Kakihara Yoshito , Iwamoto Yuya , Kamimura Rantaro , Saito Isao , Fujii Noritaka , Yamamura Kensuke , Okamoto Keiichiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe conditions of stress contagion are induced in bystanders without direct experiences of stressful events. This study determined the effects of stress contagion on masseter muscle nociception in mice. Stress contagion was developed in the bystanders after cohabitating with a conspecific mouse subjected to social defeat stress for 10 days. On Day 11, stress contagion increased anxiety‐ and orofacial inflammatory pain‐like behaviors. The c‐Fos and FosB immunoreactivities evoked by masseter muscle stimulation were increased in the upper cervical spinal cord, while c‐Fos expressions were increased in the rostral ventromedial medulla, including the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus and nucleus raphe magnus in stress contagion mice. The level of serotonin in the rostral ventromedial medulla was increased under stress contagion, while the number of serotonin positive cells was increased in the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nucleus. Stress contagion increased c‐Fos and FosB expressions in the anterior cingulate cortex and insular cortex, both of which were positively correlated with orofacial inflammatory pain‐like behaviors. The level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor was increased in the insular cortex under stress contagion. These results indicate that stress contagion can cause neural changes in the brain, resulting in increased masseter muscle nociception, as seen in social defeat stress mice.
Association of neighborhood deprivation with white matter connectome abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Chu Daniel Y. , Adluru Nagesh , Nair Veena A. , Choi Timothy , Adluru Anusha , Garcia‐Ramos Camille , Dabbs Kevin , Mathis Jedidiah , Nencka Andrew S. , Gundlach Carson , Conant Lisa , Binder Jeffrey R. , Meyerand Mary E. , Alexander Andrew L. , Struck Aaron F. , Hermann Bruce , Prabhakaran Vivek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSocial determinants of health, including the effects of neighborhood disadvantage, impact epilepsy prevalence, treatment, and outcomes. This study characterized the association between aberrant white matter connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and disadvantage using a US census‐based neighborhood disadvantage metric, the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), derived from measures of income, education, employment, and housing quality.MethodsParticipants including 74 TLE patients (47 male, mean age = 39.2 years) and 45 healthy controls (27 male, mean age = 31.9 years) from the Epilepsy Connectome Project were classified into ADI‐defined low and high disadvantage groups. Graph theoretic metrics were applied to multishell connectome diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) measurements to derive 162 × 162 structural connectivity matrices (SCMs). The SCMs were harmonized using neuroCombat to account for interscanner differences. Threshold‐free network‐based statistics were used for analysis, and findings were correlated with ADI quintile metrics. A decrease in cross‐sectional area (CSA) indicates reduced white matter integrity.ResultsSex‐ and age‐adjusted CSA in TLE groups was significantly reduced compared to controls regardless of disadvantage status, revealing discrete aberrant white matter tract connectivity abnormalities in addition to apparent differences in graph measures of connectivity and network‐based statistics. When comparing broadly defined disadvantaged TLE groups, differences were at trend level. Sensitivity analyses of ADI quintile extremes revealed significantly lower CSA in the most compared to least disadvantaged TLE group.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate (1) the general impact of TLE on DWI connectome status is larger than the association with neighborhood disadvantage; however, (2) neighborhood disadvantage, indexed by ADI, revealed modest relationships with white matter structure and integrity on sensitivity analysis in TLE. Further studies are needed to explore this relationship and determine whether the white matter relationship with ADI is driven by social drift or environmental influences on brain development. Understanding the etiology and course of the disadvantage–brain integrity relationship may serve to inform care, management, and policy for patients.
Composition, architecture and biomechanical properties of articular cartilage in differently loaded areas of the equine stifle
Authors: Fugazzola Maria , Nissinen Mikko T. , Jäntti Jiri , Tuppurainen Juuso , Plomp Saskia , Te Moller Nikae , Mäkelä Janne T. A. , van Weeren Rene 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStrategies for articular cartilage repair need to take into account topographical differences in tissue composition and architecture to achieve durable functional outcome. These have not yet been investigated in the equine stifle.ObjectivesTo analyse the biochemical composition and architecture of three differently loaded areas of the equine stifle. We hypothesise that site differences correlate with the biomechanical characteristics of the cartilage.Study designEx vivo study.MethodsThirty osteochondral plugs per location were harvested from the lateral trochlear ridge (LTR), the distal intertrochlear groove (DITG) and the medial femoral condyle (MFC). These underwent biochemical, biomechanical and structural analysis. A linear mixed model with location as a fixed factor and horse as a random factor was applied, followed by pair‐wise comparisons of estimated means with false discovery rate correction, to test for differences between locations. Correlations between biochemical and biomechanical parameters were tested using Spearman's correlation coefficient.ResultsGlycosaminoglycan content was different between all sites (estimated mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] for LTR 75.4 [64.5, 88.2], for intercondylar notch (ICN) 37.3 [31.9, 43.6], for MFC 93.7 [80.1109.6] μg/mg dry weight), as were equilibrium modulus (LTR2.20 [1.96, 2.46], ICN0.48 [0.37, 0.6], MFC1.36 [1.17, 1.56] MPa), dynamic modulus (LTR7.33 [6.54, 8.17], ICN4.38 [3.77, 5.03], MFC5.62 [4.93, 6.36] MPa) and viscosity (LTR7.49 [6.76, 8.26], ICN16.99 [15.88, 18.14], MFC8.7 [7.91,9.5]°). The two weightbearing areas (LTR and MCF) and the non‐weightbearing area (ICN) differed in collagen content (LTR 139 [127, 152], ICN176[162, 191], MFC 127[115, 139] μg/mg dry weight), parallelism index and angle of collagen fibres. The strongest correlations were between proteoglycan content and equilibrium modulus (r: 0.642; p: 0.001), dynamic modulus (r: 0.554; p < 0.001) and phase shift (r: −0.675; p < 0.001), and between collagen orientation angle and equilibrium modulus (r: −0.612; p < 0.001), dynamic modulus (r: −0.424; p < 0.001) and phase shift (r: 0.609; p < 0.001).Main limitationsOnly a single sample per location was analysed.ConclusionsThere were significant differences in cartilage biochemical composition, biomechanics and architecture between the three differently loaded sites. The biochemical and structural composition correlated with the mechanical characteristics. These differences need to be acknowledged by designing cartilage repair strategies.
Topical application of a novel anti‐interleukin‐17A antibody fragment penetrates psoriatic skin: Results of a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled Phase Ib study
Authors: Sinclair Rodney , Sharifeh Sammy , Thackwray Susan , Lickliter Jason , Wu Junlong , Li Jing , Qi Bei , Bland‐Ward Philip , Reinhart Harald 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInterleukin (IL)‐17A underlies the pathogenesis of chronic plaque psoriasis (CPP). Well‐tolerated, effective IL‐17A inhibitors for mild‐to‐moderate CPP are needed. ZL‐1102 is a novel antibody fragment targeting IL‐17A. To assess the safety, tolerability, preliminary efficacy and skin penetration of a topical 1% ZL‐1102 hydrogel in patients with mild‐to‐moderate CPP, a two‐part, Phase Ib study was conducted. Open‐label Part A: six patients received a single topical application of ZL‐1102 onto a psoriatic plaque; double‐blind Part B: 53 patients were randomised 1:1 to twice‐daily ZL‐1102 or vehicle for 4 weeks. Key primary endpoints included treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs), tolerability and changes in local psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). TEAEs occurred in two (33.3%) patients in Part A and in 16 (59.3%) and 13 (50.0%) patients in the ZL‐1102 and vehicle arms, respectively, in Part B. No grade ≥3 TEAEs were seen with ZL‐1102. ZL‐1102 led to numerically greater changes in local PASI versus vehicle (−28.8% vs. −17.2%), with good local tolerability. The trend towards local PASI improvement was accompanied by biomarker changes based on RNA sequencing, indicative of ZL‐1102 penetration into psoriatic plaques. Topical ZL‐1102 showed good safety, local tolerability and a trend towards improved local PASI; skin penetration was observed without measurable systemic exposure. ACTRN12620000700932.
BCKDHA contributes to melanoma progression by promoting the expressions of lipogenic enzymes FASN and ACLY
Authors: Tian Yangzi , Ma Jingjing , Wang Mengru , Yi Xiuli , Guo Sen , Wang Hao , Zhang Hengxiang , Wang Huina , Yang Yuqi , Zhang Baolu , Du Juan , Shi Qiong , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying , Guo Weinan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe dysregulation of branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and related enzymes has been greatly implicated in the progression of multiple types of cancer, whereas remains far from understood in melanoma. Here, we explored the role of the BCAA metabolism enzyme BCKDHA in melanoma pathogenesis and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. In vitro cell biology experiments and in vivo pre‐clinical mice model experiments were performed to investigate the role of BCKDHA in melanoma progression. RNA sequencing, immunohistochemical/immunofluorescence staining and bioinformatics analysis were used to examine the underlying mechanism. BCKDHA expression was prominently increased in both melanoma tissues and cell lines. The up‐regulation of BCKDHA promoted long‐term tumour cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Through RNA‐sequencing technology, it was found that BCKDHA regulated the expressions of lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ATP‐citrate lyase (ACLY), which was thereafter proved to mediate the oncogenic role of BCKDHA in melanoma. Our results demonstrate that BCKDHA promotes melanoma progression by regulating FASN and ACLY expressions. Targeting BCKDHA could be exploited as a promising strategy to restrain tumour progression in melanoma.
Hindi podcast genre prediction using support vector classifier
Authors: Jain Mudeet , Mahrishi Mehul , Sharma Girish , Hosseini Samira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIndia experienced a 23% rise in podcast listening after the Covid‐19 pandemic. The pandemic and screen fatigue led people to seek their favourite old audio podcasts. Podcast genre classification allows listeners to compile a playlist of their favourite tracks; it also helps podcast streaming services provide recommendations to users based on the genre of the podcasts they enjoy. Since the COVID‐19 pandemic, the need for educational content in all forms, including podcasts, has skyrocketed, making it even more crucial to anticipate the genre of educational podcasts. Educational podcasts are a sub‐genre of the broader education genre and typically involve audio recordings of discussions, lectures, or interviews on educational topics. Education podcast genre prediction is required to efficiently classify and arrange educational content and make it simpler for listeners to access and absorb pertinent information. This study focuses on Podcast Genre Prediction, specifically for the Hindi language. In this study, our developed PodGen dataset was used, which consists of 550 five‐minute podcasts with 26,867 sentences, where every podcast was manually annotated into one of the four genre categories (Horror, Motivational, Crime, and Romance). The performance comparison of state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques on the PodGen dataset was used to demonstrate accuracy. The best performance on testing data was observed in the Support Vector Classifier model with balanced accuracy: 82.42%, precision (weighted): 83.09%, recall (weighted): 82.42%, and F1 score (weighted): 82.39%.