bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rensets and Renaming-Based Recursion for Syntax with Bindings: Extended Version
Authors: Popescu Andrei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We introduce renaming-enriched sets (rensets for short), which are algebraic structures axiomatizing fundamental properties of renaming (also known as variable for-variable substitution) on syntax with bindings. Rensets compare favorably in some respects with the well-known foundation based on nominal sets. In particular, renaming is a more fundamental operator than the nominal swapping operator and enjoys a simpler, equationally expressed relationship with the variable-freshness predicate. Together with some natural axioms matching properties of the syntactic constructors, rensets yield a truly minimalistic characterization of λ-calculus terms as an abstract datatype—one involving an infinite set of unconditional equations, referring only to the most fundamental term operators: the constructors and renaming. This characterization yields a recursion principle, which (similarly to the case of nominal sets) can be improved by incorporating Barendregt’s variable convention. When interpreting syntax in semantic domains, our renaming-based recursor is easier to deploy than the nominal recursor. We also provide a variant of our results centered around an axiomatization of term-for-variable substitution, called substitutive sets, which leads to a substitution based recursion principle. Our results have been validated with the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL.
The Design of a MOOC on Health Behaviors: A Practical Blueprint for the Instructional Design of MOOCs
Authors: Müller Andre Matthias , Tan Claire , Goh Charlene , Lim Raymond Boon Tar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are a primary mode of scaled-up online learning. They have enjoyed great popularity which grew significantly during the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the growing demand for MOOCs and the desire of institutions to develop high-quality courses, research indicates that the educational impact of MOOCs is limited. Low instructional design quality has been cited as a culprit for the failure of MOOCs to support learning and skill development, prompting calls for a more thorough design of MOOCs. The aims of our work are to describe the systematic development of guiding principles that informed instructional design decisions for our MOOC on health behaviors, and to showcase how these principles were implemented in practice. Through triangulation of various sources of evidence on anticipated learners and the MOOC learning environment, we identified four key aspects we needed to address with our instructional design to facilitate learning. We formulated guiding principles that both addressed these aspects and served as a reference point during instructional design. Our approach to making instructional design decisions can serve as a practical blueprint for other MOOC developers.
Adaptive user interfaces in systems targeting chronic disease: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wang Wei , Khalajzadeh Hourieh , Grundy John , Madugalla Anuradha , McIntosh Jennifer , Obie Humphrey 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
eHealth technologies have been increasingly used to foster proactive self-management skills for patients with chronic diseases. However, it is challenging to provide each user with the desired support due to the dynamic and diverse nature of the chronic disease. Many such eHealth applications support aspects of 'adaptive user interfaces' -- that change or can be changed to accommodate the user and usage context differences. To identify the state-of-art in adaptive user interfaces in the field of chronic diseases, we systematically located and analysed 48 key studies in the literature with the aim of categorising the key approaches used to date and identifying limitations, gaps and trends in research. Our data synthesis, revolves around the data sources used for interface adaptation, the data collection techniques used to extract the data, the adaptive mechanisms used to process the data and the adaptive elements generated at the interface. The findings of this review will aid researchers and developers in understanding where adaptive user interface approaches can be applied and necessary considerations for employing adaptive user interfaces to different chronic disease-related eHealth applications.
Maximum weighted independent set: Effective reductions and fast algorithms on sparse graphs
Authors: Xiao Mingyu , Huang Sen , Chen Xiaoyu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The maximum independent set problem is one of the most important problems in graph algorithms and has been extensively studied in the line of research on the worst-case analysis of exact algorithms for NP-hard problems. In the weighted version, each vertex in the graph is associated with a weight and we are going to find an independent set of maximum total vertex weight. Many reduction rules for the unweighted version have been developed that can be used to effectively reduce the input instance without loss the optimality. However, it seems that reduction rules for the weighted version have not been systemically studied.In this paper, we design a series of reduction rules for the maximum weighted independent set problem and also design a fast exact algorithm based on the reduction rules.By using the measure-and-conquer technique to analyze the algorithm, we show thatthe algorithm runs in $O^*(1.1443^{(0.624x-0.872)n})$ time and polynomial space, where $x$ is the average degree of the graph.When the average degree is small, our running-time bound beats previous results. For example, on graphs with the average degree at most 3.68, our running time bound is better than that of previous polynomial-space algorithms for graphs with maximum degree at most 4.
Simulating Irrotational Gusts in a Low-Speed Wind Tunnel for Aerodynamic Data Assimilation
Authors: Beckers Diederik , Eldredge Jeff D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Large-amplitude flow disturbances such as gusts can drastically change the aerodynamic loads on machines. Developing active flow control strategies to mitigate these gusts is challenging because the flow response depends non-linearly on the gust parameters. Wind-tunnel experiments and computational models can explore this parameter space but suffer from individual limitations such as a sensor's limited field of view or modeling uncertainties. However, combining both tools through data assimilation can alleviate some issues and generate richer data sets. For accurate results, it is important that the computational model can realistically predict the flow in the wind tunnel. For this purpose, we present a computational model (a digital twin) for a low-speed aerodynamics wind tunnel with irrotational gust generation using suction at the top of the test section. The model couples a viscous flow solution without wind-tunnel walls with a potential flow to correct the normal velocity at the walls and model the suction. We demonstrate the simulation of gust responses using three examples and compare different airfoils and approximations to show their effects. In the last example, we illustrate how to apply this model for data assimilation with experiments by inferring the time-varying gust strength from synthetic velocity measurements.
Development of 8–17 XNAzymes that are functional in cells
Authors: Chiba Kosuke , Yamaguchi Takao , Obika Satoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
DNA enzymes (DNAzymes), which cleave target RNA with high specificity, have been widely investigated as potential oligonucleotide-based therapeutics. Recently, xeno-nucleic acid (XNA)-modified DNAzymes (XNAzymes), exhibiting cleavage activity in cultured cells, have been developed. However, a versatile approach to modify XNAzymes that function in cells has not yet been established. Here, we report an X-ray crystal structure-based approach to modify 8–17 DNAzymes; this approach enables us to effectively locate suitable XNAs to modify. Our approach, combined with a modification strategy used in designing antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), rationally modified 8–17 DNAzyme (X8–17) that achieved high potency in terms of RNA cleavage and biostability against nucleases. In cells, X8–17, modified with 2′-OMe RNA, locked nucleic acid, and phosphorothioate, successfully induced endogenous MALAT-1and SRB1 RNA knockdown. This approach may help in developing XNAzyme-based novel therapeutic agents.
Maximum principle for the fractional N-Laplacian flow
Authors: CHOI Q-HEUNG , JUNG TACKSUN 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We deal with a family of the fractional N-Laplacian heat flows with the variable exponent time-derivative on the Orlicz-Sobolev spaces. We get the maximum principle for these problems. We use the approximating method to get this result: We first show existence of a unique family of the approximating weak solutions from the variable exponent difference fractional N-Laplacian problems. We next show the maximum principle for the family of the approximating weak solution from the variable exponent difference fractional N-Laplacian problem, show the convergence of a family of the approximating weak solutions to the limits, and then obtain the maximum principle for the weak solution of a family of the fractional N-Laplacian heat flows with the variable exponent time-derivative on the Orlicz-Sobolev spaces.
AMS 2000 Mathematics Subject Classifications: 35A01, 35A25, 35D30, 35B50, 35K35, 46E30
Phenological phases and plant tissues of Commiphora leptophloeos influence the antibiofilm activity of Candida spp.
Authors: Silva Ana Gabrielle da Rocha e , de Siqueira Virgínia Medeiros , de Lima André Luiz Alves 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The plant metabolites production is affected by environmental and biological factors, especially in semiarid environments. Thus, its phonological phase may be an indicator of its phytochemical composition, although studies with this approach are scarce. The objective of this work was to investigate whether changes in the phonological phase of Commiphora leptophloeos influence its antibiofilm potential of Candida spp.
Methods
We tested ethanol and hexane extracts from leaves and barks of the plant, in two phonological phases, i.e. with leaves and flowers (harvest 1) and with fruits (harvest 2), were tested against three stains: Candida albicans URM 4387, C. krusei URM 6452 and C. tropicalis URM 4262. The effect of the extracts was evaluated in planktonic cells for determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration using the microdilution technique. We evaluated the extracts effect in biofilm formation and in pre-formed biofilms by colorimetric technique with crystal violet and the cell viability technique with methylene blue.
Results
All extracts showed inhibitory effect between the concentrations of 2mg/ml and 1mg/ml, as well as fungicidal effect in concentrations equal or higher than 2mg/ml. All the extracts were able to decrease viable cells in the biofilms by more than 50%. There was no synergism between the extracts and Fluconazole. The extracts of the second harvest (fruiting season) showed better results in the activity on the biofilm formation of Candida spp. The extracts of leaf from the first harvest showed higher inhibitory capacity against the pre-formed biofilms, and among the bark extracts, the second harvest was more efficient. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that there was a greater amount of Gallic acid in the bark of C. leptophloeos than in the leaves, with no difference between the harvests for this part of the plant. As for the leaves, the amount of Gallic acid found in the second harvest was higher than that quantified in the first harvest.
Conclusions
The promising capacity of C. leptophloeos extracts against Candida spp. biofilms is perceived. Furthermore, the results imply that the phenological phases are not the only factor to exert influence on the antibiofilm effect; the part of the plant used should also be taken into consideration.
DC-RST: A Parallel Algorithm for Random Spanning Trees in Network Analytics
Authors: Henke Lucas , Mehta Dinesh 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The Mantel Test, discovered in the 1960s, determines whether two distance metrics on a graph are related. We describe DC-RST, an algorithm to accelerate a key step of a network science statistical computation associated with DimeCost, an approach that is faster the Mantel Test. DC-RST is a parallel, divide-and-conquer algorithm to compute a random spanning tree of a complete graph on n vertices. Relative to an implementation of Wilson’s sequential random-walk algorithm, on a system with 48 cores, DC-RST was up to 4X faster when first creating random partitions and up to 20X faster without this sub-step. DC-RST is shown to be a suitable replacement for Wilson’s sequential algorithm through a combination of theoretical and statistical results.
Influence of electric field on IgG positioning and its immobilization for solid biosensing substrates
Authors: Sruj D M 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Most of the proteins are polar by their structural configuration, their stereochemistry entails overall charge of the molecule. In this study, Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is evaluated for its dipolar nature. An exclusive immunoassay pattern is designed to validate the idea by controlling the IgG orientation with external application of the electric field (EF). It includes mathematical estimations of the torque produced and the EF strength required to orient a single IgG molecule in normal room temperatures.In current pandemic scenario, the necessity of tests that provide clinical analysis of an individual is inevitable; thereby the use of immunoassay based rapid invitro diagnostic (IVD) test devices have become the most sort after point of care devices. The device configured in this study also explains the IgG orientation and immobilization post influence of EF in two dimensional geometry of flowchannel; and how it provides a platform for detection of the analytes with higher sensitivity. Therefore, this is also an attempt towards miniaturization of biosensor and to improve the signal intensity while optimizing the signal to noise ratio (SNR). Imparting qualities that suffice a stable, robust, portable sensing platform for a biosensor remains an added objective of this research.
Do microfinance programs benefit women in developing countries?
Authors: Siraj Mazhar 
Published: March 2023

This paper looks at the case for and against the view that microfinance programs benefit women in developing countries, based on a selective body of research. The analysis suggests that women constitute the largest pie of the clientele of microfinance programs at the global level. Broadly, these programs have worked withing two paradigms which aim at (1) poverty alliveation and (2) empowerpment of women within femenist discourse. However, the literature remains about the real impact of these programs In some developing countries, access to microcredit has helped many women to cross the poverty line but even when poverty has been alleviated, scepticism presits about long term and sustainable benefits of empowerment. included but not limited to, control of women over incomes through investing credit or savings, improved baragaining power and social status. This is because the commercialization of microcredit and savings services is shifting focus from the poor clients, particularly women, to all those who needs credits form formal institutions. This development is jeopardizing the objectives of proverty alliveation and empowerment of women and calls for greater attention to the needs of women in settling objectieves and design for microfinance in developing countries
Big Jumps in Women's Presence in Parliaments: Are These Sufficient for Improving Beliefs in Women's Ability to Govern?
Authors: Alexander Amy 
Published: March 2023

In this article, I examine whether sudden, big jumps in women's presence in parliament are sufficient for improving beliefs in women's ability to govern in the two cases with pre and posttest data: Iraq and Spain. I explain why big jumps lend themselves to tests of sufficiency, defend the theory confirming advantages of this analytic approach and discuss the advantages of the Iraqi and Spanish comparison. The Iraqi and Spanish tests of sufficiency include pre and posttest models of the effect of the big jump using ordinal regression analysis. The analyses are run over 5026 Iraqi respondents and 2411 Spanish respondents to surveys administered before and after the big jumps. The analysis confirms that big jumps are sufficient for improvement of beliefs in women's ability to govern in Iraq and Spain.
"Discrimination? Low Pay? Long Hours? I am Still Excited:" Female Sport Management Students' Perceptions of Barriers toward a Future Career in Sport
Authors: Harris Kristin Fowler Harris Fowler , Grappendorf Heidi , Aicher Thomas , Veraldo Cynthia 
Published: March 2023

Women continue to be underrepresented in the management and leadership ranks of sport. Researchers have worked towards understanding the various challenges and barriers women face in the sport industry. This study sought to expand that research taking a new angle to explore the underrepresentation of women in sport by examining female undergraduates' perceptions of their future careers within the sport industry. Three focus groups with a total of 16 participants were utilized to gather data. Two investigators coded and searched for emerging themes from the focus group transcripts. The following themes emerged in this study: (a) perceptions regarding potential job discrimination (i.e., gender stereotypes, gender discrimination), (b) perceptions regarding industry-specific concerns (i.e., difficulty networking, job market constraints, long work hours, low salary range, multiple-role conflict, excitement regarding entrance into the field), and (c) overall excitement regarding future careers in sport.
Variasi Konsentrasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam Pembuatan Wine Buah Dilak (Limonia acidissima)
Authors: Tefa Petra , Ledo Mellissa Erlyn Sedo , Nitsae Merpiseldin 
Published: March 2023

Buah Dilak (Limonia acidissima) digemari oleh masyarakat Nusa Tenggara Timur karena rasanya yang manis dan aromanya yang harum. Kulit buah Dilak juga dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai wadah untuk mengambil air. Karakteristik buah Dilak yang manis dengan aroma yang harum berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan dasar fermentasi minuman beralkohol seperti wine. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi konsentrasi inokulum Sacharomyces cerevisiae terhadap kualitas wine buah Dilak (L. acidissima). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimental untuk mengukur konsentrasi alkohol menggunakan vinometer, pengukuran pH, dan uji organoleptik wine hasil fermentasi buah Dilak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi S. cerevisiae yang digunakan dalam fermentasi maka semakin tinggi kadar alkohol yang terbentuk pada wine buah Dilak. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa alkohol yang terdapat pada wine buah Dilak berkisar antara 13,3%-23,3 % dengan nilai pH berkisar antara 3 - 4. Hasil uji organoleptik panelis terhadap wine buah Dilak berdasarkan parameter warna, rasa, dan aroma menunjukkan persentase kesukaan tertinggi pada wine yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan P2 dengan konsentrasi S.cerevisiae 2%
Real-time Symptom Assessment in Patients With Endometriosis: Psychometric Evaluation of an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, Based on the Experience Sampling Method
Authors: van Barneveld Esther , Lim Arianne , van Hanegem Nehalennia , van Osch Frits , Vork Lisa , Kruimel Joanna , Bongers Marlies , Leue Carsten 
Published: March 2023

Background
The experience sampling method (ESM) holds advantages over traditional retrospective questionnaires including a high ecological validity, no recall bias, the ability to assess fluctuation of symptoms, and the ability to analyze the temporal relationship between variables.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of an endometriosis-specific ESM tool.

Methods
This is a short-term follow-up prospective study, including patients with premenopausal endometriosis aged ≥18 years who reported dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, or dyspareunia between December 2019 and November 2020. An ESM-based questionnaire was sent out by a smartphone application 10 times a day during 1 week on randomly chosen moments. Additionally, patients completed questionnaires concerning demographics, end-of-day pain scores, and end-of-week symptom scores. The psychometric evaluation included compliance, concurrent validity, and internal consistency.

Results
Twenty-eight patients with endometriosis completed the study. Compliance for answering the ESM questions was as high as 52%. End-of-week pain scores were higher than ESM mean scores and showed peak reporting. ESM scores showed strong concurrent validity when compared with symptoms scored by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale–Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale, 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire, and the majority of questions of the 30-item Endometriosis Health Profile. Cronbach α coefficients demonstrated a good internal consistency for abdominal symptoms, general somatic symptoms, and positive affect, and an excellent internal consistency for negative affect.

Conclusions
This study supports the validity and reliability of a newly developed electronic instrument for the measurement of symptoms in women with endometriosis, based on momentary assessments. This ESM patient-reported outcome measure has the advantage of providing a more detailed view on individual symptom patterns and offers the possibility for patients to have insight in their symptomatology, leading to more individualized treatment strategies that can improve the quality of life of women with endometriosis.
Đánh giá chất lượng của hai dạng phân bón hữu cơ lỏng và rắn được tạo ra từ nước thải hầm ủ biogas
Authors: Châu Thị Anh Thy , Đỗ Thành Luân , Lê Thị Xã , Nguyễn Phương Thảo , Nguyễn Khởi Nghĩa 
Published: March 2023

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm tận dụng dinh dưỡng của nước thải biogas để tạo phân hữu cơ dạng lỏng và rắn bổ sung dinh dưỡng cho cây trồng. Thành phần của nước thải biogas sau khi thu được đánh giá về chất lượng. Dịch cá và vi khuẩn có ích được bổ sung vào torng nước thải để tạo phân hữu cơ dạng lỏng. Đối với phân hữu cơ rắn, nước thải biogas được hấp thụ vào xỉ than trước khi phối trộn với bã bùn mía. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tỉ lệ phối trộn 60:40 (v/v) giữa nước thải hầm ủ biogas và dịch cá là tốt nhất. Đối với phân hữu cơ rắn, tỉ lệ phối trộn 70% bã bùn mía và 30% xỉ than đã hấp thu nước thải biogas, kết hợp bổ sung thêm 16,7% bột cá là công thức tốt nhất. Nhiệt độ bảo quản đảm bảo thành phần và chất lượng của 2 loại phân hữu cơ này là 30oC.