bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stream Temperature Prediction in a Shifting Environment: Explaining the Influence of Deep Learning Architecture
Authors: Topp Simon N. , Barclay Janet , Diaz Jeremy , Sun Alexander Y. , Jia Xiaowei , Lu Dan , Sadler Jeffrey M. , Appling Alison P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStream temperature is a fundamental control on ecosystem health. Recent efforts incorporating process guidance into deep learning models for predicting stream temperature have been shown to outperform existing statistical and physical models. This performance is in part because deep learning architectures can actively learn spatiotemporal relationships that govern how water and energy propagate through a river network. However, exploration of how spatiotemporal awareness and process guidance influence a model's generalizability under shifting environmental conditions such as climate change is limited. Here, we use Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to interrogate how differing deep learning architectures affect a model's learned spatial and temporal dependencies, and how those learned dependencies affect a model's ability to maintain high accuracy when applied to unseen environmental conditions. Using the Delaware River Basin in the northeastern United States as a test case, we compare two spatiotemporally aware process‐guided deep learning models for predicting stream temperature (a recurrent graph convolution network—RGCN, and a temporal convolution graph model—Graph WaveNet). Both models achieve equally high predictive performance when testing data are well represented in the training data (test root mean squared errors of 1.64°C and 1.65°C); however, Graph WaveNet significantly outperforms RGCN in 4 out of 5 experiments where test partitions represent different types of unseen environmental conditions. XAI results show that the architecture of Graph WaveNet leads to learned spatial relationships with greater fidelity to physical processes, and that this fidelity improves the generalizability of the model when applied to shifting and/or unseen environmental conditions.
The roles of bone remodeling in normal hematopoiesis and age-related hematological malignancies
Authors: Zhang Hengwei , Liesveld Jane L. , Calvi Laura M. , Lipe Brea C. , Xing Lianping , Becker Michael W. , Schwarz Edward M. , Yeh Shu-Chi A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPrior research establishing that bone interacts in coordination with the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) to regulate hematopoietic homeostasis was largely based on analyses of individual bone-associated cell populations. Recent advances in intravital imaging has suggested that the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and acute myeloid leukemia cells is restricted to bone marrow microdomains during a distinct stage of bone remodeling. These findings indicate that dynamic bone remodeling likely imposes additional heterogeneity within the BMME to yield differential clonal responses. A holistic understanding of the role of bone remodeling in regulating the stem cell niche and how these interactions are altered in age-related hematological malignancies will be critical to the development of novel interventions. To advance this understanding, herein, we provide a synopsis of the cellular and molecular constituents that participate in bone turnover and their known connections to the hematopoietic compartment. Specifically, we elaborate on the coupling between bone remodeling and the BMME in homeostasis and age-related hematological malignancies and after treatment with bone-targeting approaches. We then discuss unresolved questions and ambiguities that remain in the field.
A mutation in the ZNF687 gene that is responsible for the severe form of Paget’s disease of bone causes severely altered bone remodeling and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma onset in a knock-in mouse model
Authors: Russo Sharon , Scotto di Carlo Federica , Maurizi Antonio , Fortunato Giorgio , Teti Anna , Licastro Danilo , Settembre Carmine , Mello Tommaso , Gianfrancesco Fernando 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPaget’s disease (PDB) is a late-onset bone remodeling disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms and complications. One of the most aggressive forms is caused by the P937R mutation in the ZNF687 gene. Although the genetic involvement of ZNF687 in PDB has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here, we describe the first Zfp687 knock-in mouse model and demonstrate that the mutation recapitulates the PDB phenotype, resulting in severely altered bone remodeling. Through microcomputed tomography analysis, we observed that 8-month-old mutant mice showed a mainly osteolytic phase, with a significant decrease in the trabecular bone volume affecting the femurs and the vertebrae. Conversely, osteoblast activity was deregulated, producing disorganized bone. Notably, this phenotype became pervasive in 16-month-old mice, where osteoblast function overtook bone resorption, as highlighted by the presence of woven bone in histological analyses, consistent with the PDB phenotype. Furthermore, we detected osteophytes and intervertebral disc degeneration, outlining for the first time the link between osteoarthritis and PDB in a PDB mouse model. RNA sequencing of wild-type and Zfp687 knockout RAW264.7 cells identified a set of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis potentially regulated by Zfp687, e.g., Tspan7, Cpe, Vegfc, and Ggt1, confirming its role in this process. Strikingly, in this mouse model, the mutation was also associated with a high penetrance of hepatocellular carcinomas. Thus, this study established an essential role of Zfp687 in the regulation of bone remodeling, offering the potential to therapeutically treat PDB, and underlines the oncogenic potential of ZNF687.
Connectivity alterations of mesostriatal pathways in first episode psychosis
Authors: Hayward Nicholas Mark Edward Alexander , Triana Ana María , Panula Jonatan M. , Kieseppä Tuula , Suvisaari Jaana , Raij Tuukka T. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and hypothesis
Pathogenic understanding of the psychotic disorders converges on regulation of dopaminergic signaling in mesostriatocortical pathways. Functional connectivity of the mesostriatal pathways may inform us of the neuronal networks involved.

Study design
This longitudinal study of first episode psychosis (FEP) (49 patients, 43 controls) employed seed-based functional connectivity analyses of fMRI data collected during a naturalistic movie stimulus.

Study results
We identified hypoconnectivity of the dorsal striatum with the midbrain, associated with antipsychotic medication dose in FEP, in comparison with the healthy control group. The midbrain regions that showed hypoconnectivity with the dorsal striatum also showed hypoconnectivity with cerebellar regions suggested to be involved in regulation of the mesostriatocortical dopaminergic pathways. None of the baseline hypoconnectivity detected was seen at follow-up.

Conclusions
These findings extend earlier resting state findings on mesostriatal connectivity in psychotic disorders and highlight the potential for cerebellar regulation of the mesostriatocortical pathways as a target of treatment trials.
A protein subunit vaccine elicits a balanced immune response that protects against Pseudomonas pulmonary infection
Authors: Howlader Debaki R. , Das Sayan , Lu Ti , Mandal Rahul Shubhra , Hu Gang , Varisco David J. , Dietz Zackary K. , Ratnakaram Siva Sai Kumar , Ernst Robert K. , Picking William D. , Picking Wendy L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) causes severe nosocomial infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly. Increasing drug resistance, the absence of a licensed vaccine and increased hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2 have made Pa a major healthcare risk. To address this, we formulated a candidate subunit vaccine against Pa (L-PaF), by fusing the type III secretion system tip and translocator proteins with LTA1 in an oil-in-water emulsion (ME). This was mixed with the TLR4 agonist (BECC438b). Lung mRNA sequencing showed that the formulation activates genes from multiple immunological pathways eliciting a protective Th1-Th17 response following IN immunization. Following infection, however, the immunized mice showed an adaptive response while the PBS-vaccinated mice experienced rapid onset of an inflammatory response. The latter displayed a hypoxic lung environment with high bacterial burden. Finally, the importance of IL-17 and immunoglobulins were demonstrated using knockout mice. These findings suggest a need for a balanced humoral and cellular response to prevent the onset of Pa infection and that our formulation could elicit such a response.
Serum concentration of zinc, copper, iron, and its associated factors among pregnant women of small-scale farming in western Ethiopia
Authors: Afata Tariku Neme , Mekonen Seblework , Tucho Gudina Terefe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicro-nutrients are required in small amounts to maintain growth and cell functioning to complete the life cycle through reproductions. However, pregnant women in developing countries like Ethiopia are vulnerable to multiple micro-nutrient deficiencies. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the serum level of metals and associated factors like dietary diversity, and health-related problems in pregnant women among small-scale farming in Kellem Wellega, western Ethiopia. A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was conducted from June to August 2021 on 417 pregnant women attending antenatal care at rural healthcare facilities. Data was collected by using per-tested structured questionnaires via face-to-face interviews. The data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24.0, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between predictor and outcome variables. A statistically significant was considered atpvalue < 0.05 for all the analyses. Our study findings showed that 62.1, 80.9, and 71.9% of the participants were deficient in iron, zinc, and copper micro-nutrient levels, respectively. Pregnant women who could not have formal education were 3.24 (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI 1.33–7.91) and 3.98 (AOR = 3.98, 95% CI 1.2–13.15) times more likely to show zinc and copper deficiency than those who attended secondary school and above, respectively. Furthermore, pregnant women involved only in farming activities were 0.57 (AOR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.91) and 4.33 (AOR = 5.72, 95% CI 2.34–13.97) times more likely to be exposed to iron and zinc deficiency than those who were engaged in other activities. This study revealed that pregnant women with low income were 6.36 times more likely to be exposed to zinc micro-nutrient deficiencies than those with high-income participants (AOR = 6.36, 95% CI 1.47–27.61). Additionally, those participants who ate a varied diet between 1 and 4 items per day were 2.26 (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.43–3.59) and 2.77 (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.6–4.61) times more likely to suffer zinc and copper micro-nutrient insufficiency than those who consumed 5–10 items per day. Finally, pregnant women who developed diarrhea in the past three months were 1.82 (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.92) and 2.52 (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.3–4.91) times more likely to be exposed to iron and copper deficiency than those who never show the symptoms, respectively. This study identified low concentrations of zinc, iron, and copper in the blood serum of pregnant women of small-scale farmers.
PEPI Lab: a flexible compact multi-modal setup for X-ray phase-contrast and spectral imaging
Authors: Brombal Luca , Arfelli Fulvia , Menk Ralf Hendrik , Rigon Luigi , Brun Francesco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a new flexible compact multi-modal imaging setup referred to as PEPI (Photon-counting Edge-illumination Phase-contrast imaging) Lab, which is based on the edge-illumination (EI) technique and a chromatic detector. The system enables both X-ray phase-contrast (XPCI) and spectral (XSI) imaging of samples on the centimeter scale. This work conceptually follows all the stages in its realization, from the design to the first imaging results. The setup can be operated in four different modes, i.e. photon-counting/conventional, spectral, double-mask EI, and single-mask EI, whereby the switch to any modality is fast, software controlled, and does not require any hardware modification or lengthy re-alignment procedures. The system specifications, ranging from the X-ray tube features to the mask material and aspect ratio, have been quantitatively studied and optimized through a dedicated Geant4 simulation platform, guiding the choice of the instrumentation. The realization of the imaging setup, both in terms of hardware and control software, is detailed and discussed with a focus on practical/experimental aspects. Flexibility and compactness (66 cm source-to-detector distance in EI) are ensured by dedicated motion stages, whereas spectral capabilities are enabled by the Pixirad-1/Pixie-III detector in combination with a tungsten anode X-ray source operating in the range 40–100 kVp. The stability of the system, when operated in EI, has been verified, and drifts leading to mask misalignment of less than 1 $$\upmu$$μm have been measured over a period of 54 h. The first imaging results, one for each modality, demonstrate that the system fulfills its design requirements. Specifically, XSI tomographic images of an iodine-based phantom demonstrate the system’s quantitativeness and sensibility to concentrations in the order of a few mg/ml. Planar XPCI images of a carpenter bee specimen, both in single and double-mask modes, demonstrate that refraction sensitivity (below 0.6 $$\upmu$$μrad in double-mask mode) is comparable with other XPCI systems based on microfocus sources. Phase CT capabilities have also been tested on a dedicated plastic phantom, where the phase channel yielded a 15-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio with respect to attenuation.
Antiretroviral therapy regimen modification rates and associated factors in a cohort of HIV/AIDS patients in Asmara, Eritrea: a 16-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Mengistu Samuel Tekle , Yohannes Arsema , Issaias Hermon , Mesfn Mical , Zerufael Simon , Dirar Aman , Teklemariam Habtemichael M. , Ghebremeskel Ghirmary Ghebrekidane , Achila Oliver Okoth , Basha Saleem 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCombined antiretroviral therapy (cART) durability and time to modification are important quality indicators in HIV/AIDs treatment programs. This analysis describes the incidence, patterns, and factors associated with cART modifications in HIV patients enrolled in four treatment centers in Asmara, Eritrea from 2005 to 2021. Retrospective cohort study combining data from 5020 [males, 1943 (38.7%) vs. females, 3077 (61.3%)] patients were utilized. Data on multiple demographic and clinical variables were abstracted from patient’s charts and cART program registry. Independent predictors of modification and time to specified events were evaluated using a multi-variable Cox-proportional hazards model and Kaplan–Meier analysis. The median (±IQR) age, CD4+ T-cell count, and proportion of patients with WHO Clinical stage III/IV were 48 (IQR 41–55) years; 160 (IQR 80–271) cells/µL; and 2667 (53.25%), respectively. The cumulative frequency of all cause cART modification was 3223 (64%): 2956 (58.8%) substitutions; 37 (0.7%) switches; and both, 230 (4.5%). Following 241,194 person-months (PMFU) of follow-up, incidence rate of cART substitution and switch were 12.3 (95% CI 11.9–12.8) per 1000 PMFU and 3.9 (95% CI 3.2–4.8) per 10,000 PMFU, respectively. Prominent reasons for cART substitution included toxicity/intolerance, drug-shortage, new drug availability, treatment failure, tuberculosis and pregnancy. The most common adverse event (AEs) associated with cART modification included lipodystrophy, anemia and peripheral neuropathy, among others. In the adjusted multivariate Cox regression model, Organisation (Hospital B: aHR = 1.293, 95% CI 1.162–1.439, p value < 0.001) (Hospital D: aHR = 1.799, 95% CI 1.571–2.060, p value < 0.001); Initial WHO clinical stage (Stage III: aHR = 1.116, 95% CI 1.116–1.220, p value < 0.001); NRTI backbone (D4T-based: aHR = 1.849, 95% CI 1.449–2.360, p value < 0.001) were associated with increased cumulative hazard of treatment modification. Baseline weight (aHR = 0.996, 95% CI 0.993–0.999, p value = 0.013); address within Maekel (aHR = 0.854, 95% CI 0.774–0.942, p value = 0.002); AZT-based backbones (aHR = 0.654, 95% CI 0.515–0.830, p value < 0.001); TDF-based backbones: aHR = 0.068, 95% CI 0.051–0.091, p value < 0.001), NVP-based anchors (aHR = 0.889, 95% CI 0.806–0.980, p value = 0.018) were associated with lower cumulative hazards of attrition. The minimal number of switching suggests inadequate VL testing. However, the large number of toxicity/intolerance and drug-shortage driven substitutions highlight important problems in this setting. Consequently, the need to advocate for both sustainable access to safer ARVs in SSA and improvements in local supply chains is warranted.
Secular trends in physical fitness of rural Chinese children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from 1985 to 2019
Authors: Li Chengyue , Taerken Alimujiang Yimiti , Li Qian , Selimu Adilijiang , Wang Hao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe main purpose of the study was to evaluate the secular trends in physical fitness of Chinese rural children and adolescents aged 7–18 from 1985 to 2019. The speed, muscular strength, explosive power fitness, cardiorespiratory fitness, and flexibility were investigated by National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 1985, 2000, 2010 and 2019. During the period 1985–2000, the physical fitness of Chinese rural children and adolescents improved except for flexibility, and almost all of them reached the maximum increase rate. During the period 2000–2010, in addition to the improvement of flexibility, other fitness showed downward trends, and the decline ranges were large. During the period 2010–2019, the speed of boys rebounded, flexibility, explosive power and muscular strength continued to decrease. Meanwhile, speed, flexibility and muscular strength in girls rebounded, and the explosive power continued to decline. From 2000 to 2019, the body mass index increase accelerated. This study shows that some components of physical fitness of Chinese rural children and adolescents have shown positive trends in recent years, especially for girls and adolescents aged 13–15 years. However, it may also imply inequality between sexes and ages, which provides a reference for the focus of the country's physical fitness and health monitoring and intervention measures.
Comparison of Chirp Versus Tone Burst– and Click-Evoked Masseteric Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal-Hearing Adults
Authors: Neupane Anuj Kumar , Bhagat Hariom , Bheda Kalpesh 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed at comparing narrowband Claus Elberling level-specific chirp (NB CE-Chirp)–, click-, and tone burst–evoked masseteric vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (mVEMPs).

Method:
Within-group study design and purposive sampling were performed. A total of 25 normal-hearing individuals participated in the study. The zygomatic electrode montage was used to elicit ipsilateral mVEMP responses using a 500-Hz NB CE-Chirp, a click of 100-μs duration, and a 500-Hz tone burst stimulus. Each of the responses was analyzed based on the absolute peak latency of P11 and N21, the electromyography-scaled peak-to-peak amplitude of the P11–N21 complex, and the interaural asymmetry ratio.

Results:

A total of 50 ears were tested and had 100% mVEMP responses. The latencies of click-evoked and 500-Hz NB CE-Chirp–evoked mVEMPs were significantly shorter than those of 500-Hz tone burst–evoked mVEMPs (
p
< .05) for both ears. It revealed a significantly superior P11–N21 amplitude of the 500-Hz NB CE-Chirp and tone burst than clicks for both ears. Intraclass correlation coefficient revealed moderate to excellent test–retest reliability for mVEMP parameters across three different stimulations.

Conclusion:
The present study supports 500 Hz NB CE-Chirps as effective and reliable stimuli as tone bursts in eliciting mVEMP responses.
Do People With Apraxia of Speech and Aphasia Improve or Worsen Across Repeated Sequential Word Trials?
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Jacks Adam , Richardson Jessica D. , Harmon Tyson G. , Lacey Elizabeth H. , Turkeltaub Peter 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
During motor speech examinations for suspected apraxia of speech (AOS), clients are routinely asked to repeat words several times sequentially. The purpose of this study was to understand the task in terms of the relationship among consecutive attempts. We asked to what extent phonemic accuracy changes across trials and whether the change is predicted by AOS diagnosis and sound production severity.

Method:
One hundred thirty-three participants were assigned to four diagnostic groups based on quantitative metrics (aphasia plus AOS, aphasia-only, and aphasia with two borderline speech profiles). Each participant produced four multisyllabic words 5 times consecutively. These productions were audio-recorded and transcribed phonetically and then summarized as the proportion of target phonemes that was produced accurately. Nonparametric statistics were used to analyze percent change in accuracy from the first to the last production based on diagnostic group and a broad measure of speech sound accuracy.

Results:
Accuracy on the repeated words deteriorated across trials for all groups, showing reduced accuracy from the first to the last repetition for 62% of participants. Although diagnostic groups differed on the broad measure of speech sound accuracy, severity classification based on this measure did not determine degree of deterioration on the repeated words task.

Discussion:
Responding to a request to say multisyllabic words 5 times sequentially is challenging for people with aphasia with and without AOS, and as such, performance is prone to errors even with mild impairment. For most, the task does not encourage self-correction. Instead, it promotes errors, regardless of diagnosis, and is, therefore, useful for screening purposes.
A new series‐connected 36‐pulse rectifier with hybrid DC‐reinjection method for high power output
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Yalan , Chen Xiaoqiang , Chen Tao , Mu Xiuqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, a new 36‐pulse rectifier with a hybrid DC‐reinjection circuit is proposed. It multiplies the AC‐side input voltage steps from 12 to 36 using a hybrid auxiliary circuit for voltage and current modulation. Both the AC and DC side harmonics of the rectifier system are efficiently suppressed when combined with filter capacitors at DC side. Only 2 more diodes and an IGBT are used in the proposed approach for constituting the injection circuit. The cascaded structure of rectifier bridges allows for significant voltage gain, making it appropriate for high power output rectification applications. The proposed 12‐pulse rectifier's phase shifting structure and 36‐pulse rectifier's operational theory are introduced. The injection transformer's turn ratio and the IGBT's conduction angle are both designed to have the lowest possible harmonic distortion of the voltage at AC side. Analyses are done on the rectifier's impedance matching feature and energy loss of IGBT. The operating performance of the rectifier is assessed when the active switch fails. With the help of a 1.8 kW prototype and a HIL system based on Starsim, the theoretical portion is confirmed. The results of the simulation and experiments support the effectiveness of the hybrid voltage harmonic injection method studied.