bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Exposure to Secondhand Smoke Among Adolescents in China From 2013-2014 to 2019: Two Repeated National Cross-sectional Surveys
Authors: Ma Chuanwei , Huang Yayang , Li Sixuan , Zhao Min , Zeng Xinying , Di Xinbo , Magnussen Costan G , Xi Bo , Liu Shiwei 
Published: February 2023

Background
It is well-known that secondhand smoke exposure in childhood or adolescence is positively associated with morbidity and mortality. However, less is known about the current status of and most recent trends in secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents in China.

Objective
We aimed to assess recent changes in the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents in China using nationally representative data.

Methods
We used data from 2 repeated national cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2013-2014 and 2019. A total of 155,117 students (median age 13.5 years) in 2013-2014 and 147,270 students (median age 13.1 years) in 2019 were included in this study. Sociodemographic factors and secondhand smoke exposure information were collected via a standardized questionnaire. Exposure was defined as secondhand smoke exposure ≥1 day during the past 7 days at home or in public places. Other frequencies of secondhand smoke exposure (ie, ≥3 days, ≥5 days, and every day) during the past 7 days were also assessed. The weighted prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure was calculated according to the complex sample design for surveys.

Results
The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure in any place (home or public places ≥1 day during the past 7 days) decreased from 2013-2014 (72.9%, 95% CI 71.5%-74.3%) to 2019 (63.2%, 95% CI 62%-64.5%), as did exposure at home (2013-2014: 44.4%, 95% CI 43.1%-45.7%; 2019: 34.1%, 95% CI 33.1%-35.2%) and in public places (2013-2014: 68.3%, 95% CI 66.9%-69.6%; 2019: 57.3%, 95% CI 56%-58.6%). The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure decreased with increased gross domestic product per capita in each of the 2 survey years irrespective of exposure frequency or location. The prevalence of exposure at other frequencies (ie, ≥3 days, ≥5 days, or every day during the past 7 days) also decreased in any place, at home, and in public places. Secondhand smoke exposure was associated with higher school grade level (ninth vs seventh grade: odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% CI 1.68-1.84), gender (boys vs girls: OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.15-1.22), urban status (urban vs rural: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19), and cigarette smoking (yes vs no: OR 6.67, 95% CI 5.83-7.62).

Conclusions
Although the prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure among Chinese adolescents declined from 2013-2014 to 2019, it remains unacceptably high. More effective strategies and stronger action are needed in China to further, and dramatically, curb secondhand smoke exposure among adolescents.
Effect of Ceramic Thickness on Light Attenuation, Degree of Conversion, Knoop Hardness, and Elastic Modulus of Four Luting Resins
Authors: Mazão JD , Braga SSL , Brangança G , Zancopé K , Price RB , Soares CJ 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYObjectivesThis study evaluated the influence of the thickness of disilicate ceramic on the light attenuation (mW/cm2), degree of conversion (DC, %), Knoop hardness (KH, N/mm2) and the elastic modulus (E, MPa) of four luting resins.MethodsThree resin cements: RelyX Veneer (RV, 3M Oral Care, Monrovia, CA USA); Allcem Veneer APS (AC, FGM); Variolink Esthetic LC (VE, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein) and one flowable resin composite Tetric N-Flow (TF, Ivoclar Vivadent) were photocured for 20 seconds. The irradiance (mW/cm2) and emission spectrum (mW/cm2/nm) from a broad-spectrum LED light unit (Bluephase G2, Ivoclar Vivadent) were measured over the luting material (control) and through 0.3 mm, 0.7 mm, and 1.0 mm thick ceramic discs (e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent).ResultsThe LED light delivered 26.1 J/cm2 to the surface and 6.2 J/cm2 through the 1.0 mm thick ceramic. The distribution of violet and blue light across the light tip of the light-curing unit (LCU) was relatively homogeneous, but there was less violet range. The irradiance and spectral radiant power decreased significantly as the ceramic thicknesses increased (p&lt;0.001). The luting material type had significant effect on KH and E values (p&lt;0.001). The RV had the greatest KH and E values, and VE had the lowest. Ceramic thickness had no significant effect on KH (p=0.213) and E (p=0.130). The KH (p=0.265) and E (p=0.165) were also not influenced by the location where these measurements were made across the specimens. No significant reduction of the DC was observed as the ceramic thickness increased (p=0.311).ConclusionIncreasing the ceramic thickness exponentially reduced the irradiance. This reduction was more pronounced at the shorter wavelengths (violet) of light, with an 82% decrease for 1 mm-thick ceramic. Increasing the ceramic thickness did not affect the DC, irrespective of photoinitiators used in the tested resins. The position of the violet and blue LEDs within the body of the LCU did not influence KH or E in any of the resins tested. The KH and E of VE were significantly lower than the other 3 luting materials tested.
Territorialstatens tilstand i dagens Midtøsten
Authors: Ullavik Erstad Henriette 
Published: February 2023

Sammendrag
Hvordan forstå Midtøsten i dag? Til tross for et enormt litterært landskap som forsøker å belyse denne komplekse regionen, er dette et spørsmål man ikke bør ta lett på. Dette bokessayet diskuterer hvordan de tre bøkene Brennpunkt Midtøsten: Byene som prisme (Butenschøn & Maktabi 2018), Fra opprør til kaos: Midtøsten etter den arabiske våren (Nordenson 2018) og Israel: Historie, politikk og samfunn (Heian-Engdal 2018) bidrar til vår forståelse av Midtøsten i dag. Selv om bøkene har ulike hovedfokus, har de til felles at de beskriver og analyser tilstanden til en rekke av regionens territorialstater. Selv om begreper som suverenitet og territoriell integritet ikke nødvendigvis gir mening i regionen i dag, redegjør bøkene for hvorfor det likevel ikke ser ut til at vi kommer til å se noen endringer i eksisterende statsdannelser i tiden som kommer.
Abstract in English
How to understand the contemporary Middle East? Despite a growing literary landscape attempting to illuminate this complex region, this question should not be taken lightly. This essay discusses how the following books contribute to our understanding of the region today: Brennpunkt Midtøsten: Byene som prisme (Butenschøn & Maktabi 2018), Fra opprør til kaos: Midtøsten etter den arabiske våren (Nordenson 2018) and Israel: Historie, politikk og samfunn (Heian-Engdal 2018). While the books have different thematic approaches, all three describe and analyse the current state of the region’s territorial entities. Although concepts such as sovereignty and territorial integrity do not necessarily make much sense in the region today, the authors explain why it is unlikely that we are going to see any changes in existing state formations in the foreseeable future.
Konten Digital Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik Pada Mata Pelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Iztiqa Mud'haz Pratiwi  , I Nyoman Jampel  
Published: February 2023

Kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas hanya mengandalkan media konvensional yaitu papan tulis dan buku pelajaran. Selain itu metode yang digunakan guru sebatas ceramah dan tanya jawab sehingga siswa cenderung merasa bosan dan kurang tertarik mengikuti pelajaran. Hal tersebut tentu akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa sehingga perlu adanya pembelajaran inovatif, fleksibel, dan efektif yang dapat merangsang siswa dalam belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa melalui pengembangan konten digital berbasis pendekatan saintifik. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 1 ahli mata pelajaran, 1 ahli desain, dan 1 ahli media serta 9 siswa untuk uji coba produk. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, dengan instrument penelitian berupa lembar observasi, lembar wawancara dan lembar kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konten digital yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dengan masing-masing penilaian: (a) Hasil review ahli isi (96,00%), (b) Hasil review ahli desain (94,54%), (c) Hasil review ahli media (93,84%), (d) Hasil uji coba perorangan (87,03%), dan hasil uji coba kelompok kecil (90,55%). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan konten digital berbasis pendekatan saintifik dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA kelas IV.
Problematika Kepemilikan Tanah Melalui Mahar Persfektif Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia
Authors: Subha Rahman 
Published: February 2023

Kedudukan tanah sebagai mahar berpotensi menimbulkan konflik ketika pihak ketiga mengambil atau memanfaatkan tanah mahar atau menjual kepada pihak lain. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskripsi-kualitatif dengan penelusuran pustaka dan dokumen hukum yang relevan dengan pokok permasalahan. Tidak adanya regulasi yang mengakomodir mengenai pemindahan hak milik atas tanah yang didapatkan dalam bentuk mahar pernikahan sehingga pihak perempuan sulit untuk membuktikan kepemilikanya terhadap tanah tersebut. Pemanfaatan tanah dalam bentuk apapun yang memunculkan kerugian terhadap pemilik sejati tanah yang didapatkan melalui perkawinan merupakan tindakan penyerobotan tanah yang melanggar pasal 1365 dan pasal 1366 dalam KUH Perdata, sehingga dapat di pidana menurut ketentuan Pasal 167 ayat 1 KUH Pidana serta melanggar pasal 15 UU Pokok AgrariaThe position of land as a dowry has the potential to cause conflict when a third party takes or utilizes dowry land or sells it to another party. This research method is qualitative-description by searching literature and legal documents that are relevant to the subject matter. There is no regulation that accommodates the transfer of ownership rights to land obtained in the form of a wedding dowry so that women find it difficult to prove ownership of the land. Utilization of land in any form that results in losses to the true owner of the land obtained through marriage is an act of land grabbing that violates Article 1365 and Article 1366 of the Civil Code, so that it can be criminalized under the provisions of Article 167 paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code and violates Article 15 of the Basic Agrarian Law .
Praktek Pembagian Kewarisan Anak di Kabupaten Sidrap
Authors: Anwar Wirani Aisiyah 
Published: February 2023

Warisan merupakan peralihan harta dari pewaris kepada ahli warisnya dengan berbagai ketentuan. Allah swt. telah mengatur ketentuan warisan dalam surah an-Nisa’ ayat 11, 12 dan 176, tentang pembagian anak laki-laki mendapat dua kali lebih besar dari pada anak perempuan. Seiring berkembangnya zaman banyak pula yang menyepakati pembagian setara dengan alasan karena perempuan sudah ada yang menjadi tulang punggung keluarga. Tentu ini sangat bertentangan dengan al-Qur’an yang merupakan kitab suci dan pedoman umat Islam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang praktek pembagian warisan antara anak laki-laki dan anak perempuan di Kabupaten Sidrap. Masih tetap sejalan dengan petunjuk al-Qur’an atau menyimpang dari kaidah-kaidah yang telah ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan maksud menggambarkan masalah yang berkaitan dengan kewarisan menurut masyarakat melalui wawancara langsung.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktek pembagian harta waris antara anak laki-laki dan anak perempuan di Kabupaten Sidrap banyak yang menggunakan sistem pembagian setara atau 1:1 (satu berbanding satu). Didalam perspektif Islam hal tersebut bertolak belakang dengan al-Qur’an dan hadist. Masalah pembagian harta warisan hukumnya sudah qath’i, tidak dapat dirubah lagi, kecuali setelah pembagian warisan menurut aturan ada salah satu ahli waris yang ingin memberikan bagiannya kepada ahli waris lainnya, itu dibolehkan. Legacy is a wealth transition from a heir to second heir by many rules. Allah SWT has regulated the rules of legacy in Surah An Nisa verse 11,12, and 176, about the distribution that sons get twice bigger than daughters. As times go on. Some people agree about balance distribution by reason that the daughters have been a mainstay of family. Surely, this opinion is very contradictory with al quran as holy book and guidance of muslims. This research intends to understand about legacy distribution practice between of sons and daughters in sidrap regency. According to guidance from al quran or deviate from rules who have been depended by using qualitative describtive method for describing problem relevant to legacy according society by direct interview.The result of research show a that legacy distribution practice between of sons and daughters in sidrap regency most of them use balance distribution system or 1:1 (one equal one). In islam perspective, that thing is contradictive to al quran and hadist. The problem of legacy distribution rules is qathi and cannot be changed. Except after legacy distribution based on the rules that there one of the heir wants to share his part to other heir, that is be allowed.
Peran Badan Amil Zakat dalam Membina Mustahiq Menjadi Muzakki (Studi Pada BAZNAS Kabupaten Maros)
Authors: Syam Akbar 
Published: February 2023

Badan Amil Zakat Nasional (BAZNAS) Kabupaten Maros merupakan instansi yang berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada BAZNAS provinsi dan pemerintah daerah kabupaten /kota. Sebagai lembaga pengelola zakat yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah, BAZNAS Kabupaten Maros dalam melaksanakan tugas senantiasa berpegang pada prinsip yakni Syariah Islam, sinergi, berbasis komunitas, partisipasi, kemanfaatan, dan sustainable (berkelanjutan). Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, di mana peneliti menggambarkan penjelasan terkait masalah-masalah yang terjadi berdasarkan objek yang diteliti dengan melalui wawancara dan lain-lainTugas utama dari BAZNAS adalah melakukan pengelolaan zakat mulai dari pengumpulan sampai pada penditribusian zakat. Salah satu program dari BAZNAS Kabupaten Maros adalah pembinaan mustahiq yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan atau meningkatkan perekonomian kalangan kurang mampu. Olehnya itu dalam melaksanakan pembinaan terhadap para mustahiq, BAZNAS Kabupaten Maros melaksanakan pembinaan dengan dua cara yaitu pembinaan lahiriah/ jasmaniah dan pembinaan batiniah/ rohaniah. Dalam pelaksanaannya, terdapat beberapa hambatan yang meliputi: tidak adanya sikap keterbukaan, kurangnya kejujuran, pemanfaatan bantuan oleh mustahiq yang tidak tepat sasaran, kurangnya SDM yang menangani pembinaan, kurangnya alokasi dana dan kurangnya pengawasan dari pihak BAZNAS terhadap pemanfaatan dana bantuan oleh mustahiq
KEDUDUKAN ALAT BUKTI YANG DIPEROLEH MELALUI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM PEMBUKTIAN TINDAK PIDANA INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK
Authors: Tenriajeng Papada Andi , Said Karim Muhammad , Heryani Wiwie 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan alat bukti yang diperoleh dari teknologi informasi dalam pembuktian tindak pidana informasi dan transaksi elektronik dan kendala aparat penegak hukum dalam proses pembuktian tindak pidana informasi dan transaksi elektronik menurut UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah normatif empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan terkait masalah penelitian, yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal, dan lain-lain. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan teknologi informasi memiliki kedudukan sama dengan alat bukti lain dalam pembuktian di persidangan, sehingga pembuktian dengan menggunakan alat bukti yang diperoleh melalui teknologi informasi dapat dikategorikan sebagai alat bukti yang sah dalam persidangan, seperti dalam kasus Asriyanti di mana alat bukti elektronik atau alat bukti yang menggunakan teknologi informasi, khususnya dalam tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik, keabsahannya sudah jelas mengingat dalam kasus tersebut, alat bukti yang dipakai Jaksa Penuntut dalam membuktikan kesalahan terdakwa Asriyanti yang membidangi pencemaran nama baik di dunia maya atau internet adalah alat bukti elektronik atau alat bukti yang diperoleh melalui teknologi informasi. Faktor hukum, faktor penegak hukum, faktor sarana dan fasilitas, faktor masyarakat dan faktor kebudayaan adalah variabel yang mempengaruhi penegakan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang tindak pidana informasi dan tansaksi elektronik.Kata kunci : Alat Bukti, Pembuktian, Teknologi Informasi.
Analisis Kriminologis Atas Pembunuhan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak (Studi Kasus Di Makassar Tahun 2017-2019)
Authors: Alwi Hidayat Muh , Muhadar Muhadar , Muchtar Syamsuddin 
Published: February 2023

Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya kejahatan pembunuhan yang dilakukan anak serta upaya-upaya penanggulangan kejahatan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian empiris dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi kepustakaan melalui pencatatan data secara langsung berkaitan dengan masalah penelitian, yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan, buku, jurnal, dan lainnya.Berdasarkan analisis terhadap data dan fakta tersebut, maka disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya pembunuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak terdiri atas dua faktor yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Faktor internal yaitu emosi yang belum stabil, kesalahpahaman, dendam, kejiwaan anak, lemahnya iman, butuhnya pengakuan. Faktor eksternal, yaitu lingkungan masyarakat, minuman beralkohol, perang kelompok, ekonomi dan perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat. (2) Upaya penanggulangan oleh aparat penegak hukum dalam menanggulangi kasus tersebut yakni: (a) Upaya Pre-Emtif yaitu upaya-upaya awal yang dilakukan oleh pihak kepolisian untuk mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana. Usaha-usaha yang dilakukan dalam penanggulangan kejahatan secara pre-entif adalah menanamkan nilai- nilai/ norma-norma yang baik; (b) Upaya preventif yaitu tindak lanjut dari upaya Pre-Emtif yang masih dalam tataran pencegahan sebelum terjadinya kejahatan. Dalam upaya preventif yang ditekankan adalah menghilangkan kesempatan untuk dilakukannya kejahatan; (c) Upaya Represif, berupa penegakan hukum (law enforcement) dengan menjatuhkan hukuman kepada pelaku kejahatan. Kata kunci: Kriminologi, Pembunuhan, Anak.
Organizational Family Values and Happiness in Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Faletehan Aun Falestien 
Published: February 2023

Existing studies of individual retention in the nonprofit organizational setting seem relatively silent on the significance of corporate family values and personal happiness, although both concepts could improve particular commitment, better collaboration, and a propensity to perform pro-social behaviour. Grounded on 32 interviews from four Indonesian nonprofit organizations, this article develops the individual retention model based on organizational family values generated by management practices. The findings show that corporate family values would lead to personal happiness, resulting in personal retention. Meanwhile, nonprofits could influence personal satisfaction and retention by generating organizational family values through certain management practices. This model has broadened our understanding of the relations between corporate values, unique perspectives, and management practices; while also contributing to HRM practitioners in managing staff and volunteers.
Polarisation and echo chambers? Making sense of the climate issue with social media in everyday life
Authors: Moe Hallvard , Lindtner Synnøve , Ytre-Arne Brita 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article analyses how people use social media to make sense of climate change, exploring climate issues as part of everyday communication in media-saturated societies. Building on prominent themes in the environmental communication literature on social media, such as mobilisation and polarisation, we respond to calls for more qualitative and interpretative analysis. Our study therefore asks how people use social media in everyday life to make sense of climate issues, and it expands on previous findings in the field through a qualitative typology of everyday social media use. The empirical data stems from in-depth interviews with Norwegians who are engaged in climate issues, with informants ranging from activists to declared sceptics, although we find widespread ambivalence across group positions. Our findings contribute to disentangling contradictory findings in the field through a discussion of how climate change is part of everyday communication.
The Impact of Ukrainian Crisis on the Connectedness of Stock Index in Asian Economies
Authors: Jreisat Ammar , Al-Mohamad Somar , Khaki Audil Rashid , Bakry Walid 
Published: February 2023

The main aim of this study is to measure the dynamic connectedness and spillover effects among emerging stock markets in Asia and the developed stock markets of the US and Europe in the ongoing Ukrainian crisis. The paper also aims to provide a comparative analysis of return and volatility spillovers during the global financial crisis in 2008, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Ukrainian crisis. This paper utilizes the multiple structural beak test of Bai & Perron (2003) and also depicts the risk and return transmissions among these markets using the Diebold & Yilmaz (2012) method. The main outcomes of this study indicate that the stock markets in Asia are less affected by the political crisis in Ukraine as compared to the previous effects during the GFC and COVID-19 periods. The results also show that sensitivity of Asian financial markets to global shocks has been weakened in the wake of the Ukrainian crisis in favour of increased resilience of Asian stock indices to external shocks. These results carry an important implication for international and local investors as well as for policy makers in Asia, where investors have greater potentials for portfolio diversify and risk reduction across Asian markets. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-04 Full Text: PDF
KEMULURAN DAN KEKUATAN PUTUS TALI SABUT KELAPA BERLAPIS KITOSAN
Authors: Komarudin Didin , Diniah Diniah , Iskandar M. Dahri , Yuwandana Dwi Putra , Novita Yopi 
Published: February 2023

Coating of coconut coir rope as a material for fishing gear is carried out to inhibit the decomposition process and increase the breaking strength and elongation of the rope. In this study,the coating of coconut coir rope using chitosan as an antimicrobial is expected to inhibit the growth of micro-organisms. This study aims to determine the elongation and breaking strength of chitosancoated coconut coir ropes. The research method used is experimental. Data analysis used the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test and RAL (Completely Randomized Design)- to determine the effect of chitosan coating on the elongation and breaking strength of coconut fiber ropes. The results showed that the chitosan coir rope had a dark brown color, while the control coir rope had a light brown color. The direction of the twist is "S", with a "hard" type of twist so that the rope tends to be stiff. The fiber type is staple fiber (short fiber). The elongation of the chitosan coir rope was 10.21 cm, 17.55% higher than the untreated coconut coir rope, which was 8.68 cm. The average breaking strength of chitosan coir rope was 37.41 kgf or 11.87% higher than untreated coconut coir rope, which was 33.44 kgf.
Keywords: elongation, breaking strength, chitosan, chitosan coconut fiber rope.