bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional experience with implanted cardiac device risk level assessment: Comparing calculation and measurement
Authors: Gardner Stephen J. , Verdecchia Kyle , Miller Brett M. , Smith Chadd E. , Doemer Anthony , Feldman Aharon , Siddiqui Farzan , Movsas Benjamin , Thind Kundan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe use of in‐vivo dosimetry is a long‐standing but also labor‐intensive component of risk‐level assessment for patients with implanted devices. A calculation‐only approach, using treatment planning system (TPS)‐calculated doses along with imaging doses estimates when relevant, has the potential to streamline the physics workflow without negatively impacting patient safety.PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of using a calculation‐only approach for risk level assessment for patients with implanted electronic medical devices.MethodsA total of 86 patients were included in this retrospective study. For each patient, in‐vivo dosimetry measurements using optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD) were compared to calculated doses (based on TPS calculated doses and an estimate of imaging doses when relevant). The comparison of OSLD doses and estimated predicted doses was structured in the following manner: (1) direct comparison of both absolute dose difference and percent difference for measured and calculated doses, (2) risk level assessment comparison using measured and estimated doses, and (3) sensitivity and positive predictive value assessment of each method for TG‐203 risk level assessment.ResultsFor all cases, the calculation‐based approach yielded a risk level that was equivalent to or more conservative than the risk level from OSLD measurement. For 79 of 86 patients (91.9%), the calculated and measured doses provided the same risk level. For 7 of 86 patients (8.1%), the calculated dose yielded the more conservative risk level. The calculation‐based dose estimate provided a sensitivity of 1.00 with a positive predictive value of 0.92.ConclusionsThe use of a calculation‐only approach has the potential to reduce workload while maintaining the efficacy of risk‐level assessment for patients with implanted devices.
An Improved Park‐Paulino‐Roesler (PPR) Cohesive Model Considering Rate‐Dependent Characteristics and Frictional Behavior of Brittle Materials
Authors: Yu Jiang , Wang Tingting , Liu Kai , Tang Chun'an 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTo characterize the rate‐dependency and frictional behavior of quasi‐brittle interface material, a coupling rate‐dependent and friction interface model improved from the Park‐Paulino‐Roesler (PPR) cohesive model, is proposed and validated in this paper. Based on the potential function, this novel coupling model forms the basic relationship of traction‐displacement within the interfaces, in which rate effect and friction behavior are considered by constructing a rate‐sensitive item and smooth friction term, respectively. Specifically, governing equations for typical mode I and mode II crack formation, as well as for normal and tangential directions, are established, and the model includes a complete unloading/reloading mode for the complex loading situations. To validate this model, the 3D simplified shear test of the anchor rod and mortar block model and a three‐point bend test of the composite concrete‐FRP beam with different loading rates are established to verify the engineering availability, considering different loading rates and friction coefficients. The results show that shear and tensile behaviors of brittle material in numerical models and laboratory tests are similar in the fracture initiation and propagation characteristics. The proposed model can reflect not only the elastic, softening, and residual stages, but also the strength rate‐related effects and friction effects of interface materials. This provides a comprehensive solution for describing the complex mechanical behavior of quasi‐brittle materials subjected to tensile and shear loads.
Granular Thermodynamic Migration Model Suitable for High‐Alkalinity Red Mud Filtrates and Test Verification
Authors: Bai Bing , Wu Haiyan , Nie Qingke , Liu Jingjing , Jia Xiangxin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA theoretical model of the migration process of high‐alkalinity red mud particles in porous media was derived from granular thermodynamics, complying with the complementary motion process of two‐phase flows (i.e., hydroxide ions and red mud powder). From the perspective of energy dissipation provoked by particle migration and molecular thermal motion, a migration model of hydroxide ions and suspended particles under mixed conditions was established. This model naturally considers the complex adsorption/desorption process between hydroxide ions (or red mud particles) and a porous medium solid matrix, as well as between hydroxide ions and red mud particles. Moreover, the model reveals the dynamic process and deposition effect of suspended powder under multiphase interactions during temporal and spatial variations. The migration progression of suspended substances in the process of transient injection of red mud filtrate with different pH values and the continuous change in red mud particle injection were verified by experiments.
Influencing Factors of Social Anxiety of Undergraduate Nursing Students Based on Random Forest Model: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jia Yuling , Yue Yuexue 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimSocial anxiety is common among students, yet research specifically on undergraduate nursing students is scarce. Previous studies have identified various influencing factors but lack a clear ranking of their importance, making it challenging to implement effective intervention strategies with limited resources. This study aims to assess the level of social anxiety in undergraduate nursing students and rank the importance of its influencing factors, providing essential insights for developing efficient and targeted interventions.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted with 546 undergraduate nursing students in China.MethodsData were collected via a web‐based questionnaire, which included the fear of positive and negative evaluation scale, the self‐efficacy scale, and the social anxiety scale. The random forest model was employed to analyse the data and rank the importance of the influencing factors.ResultsThe total social anxiety score among undergraduate nursing students was 11.20 ± 4.71. Social anxiety had a positive correlation with both fear of positive evaluation (r = 0.521, p < 0.001) and fear of negative evaluation (r = 0.648, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with self‐efficacy (r = −0.273, p < 0.001). According to the random forest model, the top five predictors of social anxiety in this study were fear of negative evaluation, fear of positive evaluation, personality traits, self‐efficacy, and academic performance.ConclusionAttention to social anxiety in undergraduate nursing students is necessary, particularly for those with a higher fear of evaluations, introverted personalities, lower self‐efficacy, and poor academic performance. Nursing educators should consider recognising social anxiety and developing personalised interventions tailored to the specific characteristics of these students.Patient or Public ContributionAll participants contributed to the conducting of this study by completing self‐reported questionnaires.
Pediatric Brain Tumors in Western Kenya: Patient Outcomes and Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives
Authors: Lemmen Jesse , Albertine Njie , Abdi Miyaada , Mohan Nilesh , Keitany Kibet , Eliasson‐Hofvander Marie , Kaspers Gertjan , Njuguna Festus 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPediatric brain tumors are understudied compared to other pediatric malignancies in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Care delivery is inherently dependent on collaboration between multiple departments. This study aimed to present baseline data of pediatric neuro‐oncology care in Western Kenya and illustrate barriers and facilitators of multidisciplinary care.MethodsWe performed a mixed‐methods study using medical records and interviews. Children below age 19 years, managed for a brain tumor at the neurosurgery or pediatric oncology departments between 2015 and 2022, were included. Various cadres (consultants, residents, medical officers, clinical officers, nurses, counselors) and teams (neurosurgery, pediatric oncology, radio‐oncology, radiology, pathology) involved in pediatric brain tumor care participated.ResultsSeventy‐nine brain tumor patients were identified. The most prevalent confirmed diagnosis was medulloblastoma (n = 21). Most patients underwent surgery (n = 60; 76%). Event‐free survival rate at 2 years was 13%. Abandonment was the most common (n = 36; 46%) treatment failure. Multidisciplinary consultation occurred more frequently between 2020 and 2022 than between 2015 and 2019 (OR 2.7 [95% CI: 1.0–6.9; p = 0.04]). Barriers and potential facilitators of multidisciplinary management were resources, diagnostic and therapeutic flow, standards, knowledge, information comprehension, and work relationships. Themes interacted at a governmental, facility, and community level.ConclusionThis baseline overview of pediatric neuro‐oncology care in Western Kenya showed that survival of children with pediatric brain tumors was poor and treatment abandonment was common. Strengthening the capacity at different organizational levels will improve continuity of care and expand the knowledge to support holistic multidisciplinary care for children with brain tumors in Kenya.
A combination of genome mining with OSMAC strategy facilitates the discovery of bioactive metabolites produced from termite‐associated Streptomyces tanashiensisBYF‐112
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang YiHeng , Wang YaXuan , Li XiaoHong , Li YueYue , Zhang Miao , Xiong JianHao , Yin CaiPing , Zhang ShuXiang , Liu XinHua , Zhang YingLao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDPreviously, eight new alkaloids were obtained from the fermentation extract of termite‐associated Streptomyces tanashiensis BYF‐112. However, genome analysis indicated the presence of many undiscovered secondary metabolites in S. tanashiensis BYF‐112.RESULTSHerein, 12 new alkaloids, tianwuine A–E (1–5), cephalandole C (6), venezuelines I–L (7–10), N‐(4‐methylphenyl‐2‐hydroxy) formamide (11) and N‐(5‐formyl‐2‐hydroxyphenyl) formamide (12), as well as three known metabolites (13–15) were discovered from BYF‐112 based on a combination of genome mining and the one strain many compounds (OSMAC) strategy. Plausible biosynthetic pathways of 1–13 were proposed using bioinformatic analysis of the full genome of BYF‐112. Partial metabolites were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial, phytotoxic, and anti‐inflammatory activities. Pyrroloformamide A (14) showed strong antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola at a concentration of 50 μg per 6 mm disk. Simultaneously, pyrroloformamide A (14) also had a strong inhibitory effect on the radicle growth of Echinochloa crusgalli with an inhibition rate of 98.01% at a concentration of 100 μg/mL, equivalent to the positive 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Subsequently, the possible herbicidal mechanism of 14 was explored using molecular docking simulation. In addition, venezueline G (13) displayed a strong inhibitory effect of NO production, with an half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.3 μm, which was comparable with that of BAY 11‐7082 with an IC50 value of 2.1 μm.CONCLUSIONThese findings revealed a perspective for the development of novel bioactive drugs in the food, agricultural, and biomedical fields utilizing the metabolites of BYF‐112. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
The other side of PhD education: A systematic review of research on PhD students' development as university teachers
Authors: Xia Jiapei , Sun Shuting (Alice) , Gao Xuesong (Andy) 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe professional development of PhD students as university teachers is crucial not only for their academic career trajectories, but also for improving teaching quality at universities. However, research on PhD students' professional growth has mainly focused on their role as researchers. As a result, much less is known about the other side of PhD education—their development as university teachers. This systematic review aims to examine the characteristics of existing studies in this area, identify the support available and explore challenges encountered in PhD students' development as university teachers. This review is based on two literature searches that both followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines and identified 40 publications in three databases: ProQuest, Scopus and Web of Science. The selected papers exhibit homogeneity, with most being based on qualitative research conducted in the North American context. The findings indicate a lack of attention to doctoral candidates' development as university teachers in the literature. The findings also highlight the types of support available and the challenges encountered during their development as university teachers. Based on these findings, we propose a framework consisting of courses, practica and mentoring to inform efforts to support PhD students' development as university teachers.
Context and implicationsRationale for this study: This review aims to explore the existing literature on PhD students' development in the role of university teachers, highlighting research gaps and identifying the factors that contribute to their development.Why the new findings matter: This review offers insights into the challenges PhD students face in their development as university teachers and how they can be supported, and proposes a framework of factors contributing to their development.Implications for PhD students, researchers and higher education institutions: PhD students can use these insights to address challenges they face during their development as university teachers. Researchers are provided with a review of existing literature and trends that highlights areas to be explored in future research, thus advocating for future studies on PhD students' experiences in their development as university teachers across different contexts. Higher education institutions can refer to the proposed framework of contributing factors to offer support for PhD students in terms of courses, practical teaching experiences and mentoring, thus fostering an environment in which PhD students' development as university teachers is actively integrated into their candidature.
Understanding evaporation from salinized soils in Xinjiang: Impact of sodium adsorption ratio, salt type, and concentrations
Authors: Xu Zunqiu , Wallach Rony , Mao Xiaomin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractArid regions in Northwest China were characterized by water scarcity and soil salinization problems. Understanding water evaporation behavior in salinized soils is crucial to quantify land water loss and control soil secondary salinization. This study aims to explore how specific components in irrigation water influence soil evaporation, focusing on soil pore‐water composition, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in particular, and their concentrations. Soil columns saturated with different levels of salt concentration (C1, C2, and C3), SAR (S1, S2, and S3), and salt type (NaCl and CaCl2) were placed in a Climate‐Controlled Chamber and underwent evaporation for 20 days. The salt areal ratio, salt crust thickness, crust composition, and their mutual interactions with soil evaporation were investigated. Results show that CaCl2 tends to precipitate as subflorescence, while NaCl as efflorescence. Subflorescence for the CaCl2 treatment (1.192 mmol L−1) inhibits evaporation, but takes no effect on evaporation for a C3 treatment (0.392 mmol L−1), indicating that the evaporation rate will not be reduced if a lower salt concentration prevents internal precipitation from reaching the threshold for soil pore clogging. Under varying salt concentrations, SAR affects salt areal ratio () differently, while increased salt concentration consistently accelerates regardless of SAR levels. Initially, the salt crust enhances evaporation (days 1–3), then suppresses it (days 3–10), and finally evaporation is primarily influenced by soil moisture content (after day 10).
Biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in boreal peatland forest is affected by water table, labile carbon, and nitrogen availability but not forest harvesting alone
Authors: Kinnunen Niko , Laurén Annamari , Palviainen Marjo , Berninger Frank , Zhu Xudan , Khatun Rikta , Pumpanen Jukka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAround 30% of peatland in Nordic and Baltic countries has been drained for forestry. Drained peatlands are major sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients to surface waters, contributing to global warming, eutrophication, and brownification. However, the effects of forest clearcutting and changes in the water table on the biodegradation of DOC to CO2 are poorly known. We collected peat columns from drained, uncut, and clearcut forests for a common garden experiment and exposed them to high and low water tables to study the effects of clearcutting and water table levels on DOC production and biodegradation. 13C‐labeled glucose was added to half of the columns to study the effects of labile carbon (C) addition on DOC dynamics. We measured the concentration, quality, and biodegradation rate of DOC monthly by incubating the column porewater at 15°C. Nitrogen (N) limitation of DOC biodegradation was studied by adding 15N‐labeled glycine to half of the incubated water samples. DOC concentrations decreased in the columns with both low water table and glucose addition, while clearcutting had no clear effects. The biodegradation rate of recalcitrant DOC in the later stages of the incubation increased with glycine addition but was not affected by glucose or water table. The results suggest that the biodegradation of recalcitrant DOC in these drained peatland forests is N‐limited and dependent on the quality of DOC, which can be seasonally variable.
Exogenous Polyphenols Inhibited Flavor Degradation in Legume Protein Matrices
Authors: Lincoln Lily , Girard Audrey L. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSignificant off‐flavors associated with protein‐rich plant ingredients have hindered their consumer acceptance, thus limiting their market share. Off‐flavors like “beany” and “grassy” are products of Maillard reactions and lipid oxidation that can occur during processing and storage. Polyphenols, known for their protein‐binding capabilities and inherent antioxidant properties, have emerged as a potential solution to disrupt these reactions. Larger polyphenol structures with more hydroxyl groups have a greater ability to bind proteins, potentially leading to more significant off‐flavor reduction as compared to smaller polyphenols. Therefore, it was hypothesized that polymeric polyphenols would reduce off‐flavors in pea and soy protein solutions more effectively than monomeric polyphenols. Aqueous pea (10% w/v) and soy (8% w/v) protein solutions were treated with 0.02% w/w catechin (CAT), green tea extract (GTE), grape seed extract (GSE), or tannic acid (TA). The quantification of free polyphenols showed that at least 52% of all tested polyphenols were bound to proteins (GSE > TA > GTE > CAT). Purified polyphenols (CAT and TA) showed a higher affinity for α‐dicarbonyl trapping than crude extracts (GSE and GTE). Polyphenol addition significantly reduced 2‐furanpentyl and benzaldehyde production in protein solutions. High molecular weight (MW) polyphenols (GSE and TA) were able to inhibit these pathways through protein–polyphenol binding, which likely prevented amine groups from reacting with reducing sugars. Low MW polyphenols had alternative inhibition capabilities, including lysine binding and trapping of α‐dicarbonyls. Results indicate that the addition of polyphenols disrupted flavor degradation pathways and limited the production of their products.
Intelligent Optimization Design Framework for Alternating Current Pulse Modulation Electrohydrodynamic Printing Process Parameters
Authors: Liu Chang , Feng Yiwen , Wang Dazhi , Li Yikang , Chen Xu , Li Zefei , Ouyang Jingtao , Fu Hanqing , Liu Zihan , Wang Junyao , Fan Jingjing , Wang Fengshu , Liang Shiwen , Kong Lingjie , Wang Tiesheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTo achieve efficient size tuning of printed microstructures on insulating substrates, an integrated process parameter intelligent optimization design framework for alternating current pulse modulation electrohydrodynamic (AC‐EHD) printing is proposed for the first time. The framework is comprised of two stages: the construction of a prediction model and the acquisition of process parameters. The first stage employs the elk herd optimizer(EHO)‐artificial neural network(ANN) to establish a mapping relationship between printing process parameters and the size of deposited droplets. The analysis of the prediction performance of the EHO‐ANN model across various datasets reveals that the model exhibits commendable accuracy and robustness in predicting printed droplet size. In the second stage, the process parameters of AC‐EHD printing are intelligently determined by utilizing the error between the model output and the desired droplet size as the fitness value for EHO. By comparing three sets of experimental cases with varying droplet sizes, it is observed that the actual printed droplet sizes closely align with the desired values, thus validating the effectiveness of this framework. The framework proposed in this paper mitigates the time and material wastage caused by adjusting AC‐EHD printing process parameters on insulating substrates, thereby significantly enhancing the usability of the technology.
Room‐Temperature CsPbI3‐Quantum‐Dot Reinforced Solid‐State Li‐Polymer Battery
Authors: Wang Wentao , Jia Aili , Wang Yiping , Qu Yuanxiao , Huang Junfeng , Zhang Wen , Zhang Haitao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA novel polymer electrolyte based on CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) reinforced polyacrylonitrile (PAN), named as PIL, is exploited to address the low room‐temperature (RT) ion conductivity and poor interfacial compatibility of polymer solid‐state electrolytes. After optimizing the content of CsPbI3 QDs, RT ion conductivity of PIL largely increased from 0.077 to 0.56 mS cm−1, and its Li‐ion transference number () from 0.20 to 0.63. It is revealed that the synergistic enhancement of Li‐ion transport and interface stability is realized by CsPbI3 QDs through Lewis acid–base interaction, ordered polarization of PAN, and interface chemical regulation. These two effects guarantee the robust solid‐electrolyte interface (SEI) in PIL‐based solid‐state batteries. Consequently, PIL electrolyte enables solid‐state Li‐metal batteries to deliver extraordinary RT cycling performance as verified by excellent cycling stability (>2000 h at 0.1 mA cm−2) of Li|PIL|Li symmetric batteries. Moreover, Li|PIL|LFP (LFP is LiFePO4) and Li|PIL|NCM811 (NCM811 is Li(Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1)O2) batteries maintain capacity retention of 81.2% and 77.9%, respectively, after 600 cycles at 0.5 C, as well as good rate‐capability and very high Coulombic efficiency at RT.