bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A partial posterior p value test for multilevel mediation
Authors: Cox Kyle , Kelcey Benjamin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA variety of inferential tests are available for single and multilevel mediation but most come with notable limitations that balance tradeoffs between power and Type I error. We extend the partial posterior p value method (p3 method) to test multilevel mediation. This contemporary resampling‐based composite approach is specifically suited for complex null hypotheses. We develop the p3 method and investigate its performance within the context of two‐level cluster‐randomized multilevel mediation studies. Similar to its performance in single‐level studies, we found that the p3 method performed well relative to other mediation tests suggesting it provides a judicious balance between Type I error rate and power. While bias‐corrected bootstrapping achieved the best overall performance, the p3 method serves as an alternative tool for researchers investigating multilevel mediation that is especially useful when conducting a priori power analyses. To encourage utilization, we provide R code for implementing the p3 method.
An international comparison of haemoglobin deferral prediction models for blood banking
Authors: Vinkenoog Marieke , Toivonen Jarkko , Brits Tinus , de Clippel Dorien , Compernolle Veerle , Karki Surendra , Welvaert Marijke , Meulenbeld Amber , van den Hurk Katja , van Rosmalen Joost , Lesaffre Emmanuel , Arvas Mikko , Janssen Mart 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesBlood banks use a haemoglobin (Hb) threshold before blood donation to minimize donors' risk of anaemia. Hb prediction models may guide decisions on which donors to invite, and should ideally also be generally applicable, thus in different countries and settings. In this paper, we compare the outcome of various prediction models in different settings and highlight differences and similarities.Materials and MethodsDonation data of repeat donors from the past 5 years of Australia, Belgium, Finland, the Netherlands and South Africa were used to fit five identical prediction models: logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, linear mixed model and dynamic linear mixed model. Only donors with five or more donation attempts were included to ensure having informative data from all donors. Analyses were performed for men and women separately and outcomes compared.ResultsWithin countries and overall, different models perform similarly well. However, there are substantial differences in model performance between countries, and there is a positive association between the deferral rate in a country and the ability to predict donor deferral. Nonetheless, the importance of predictor variables across countries is similar and is highest for the previous Hb level.ConclusionThe limited impact of model architecture and country indicates that all models show similar relationships between the predictor variables and donor deferral. Donor deferral is found to be better predictable in countries with high deferral rates. Therefore, such countries may benefit more from deferral prediction models than those with low deferral rates.
Postnatal experiences of South Asian immigrant women in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Gupta-Dame Nikita , Macdonald Danielle , Ross-White Amanda , Snelgrove-Clarke Erna 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The goal of this review is to gain an understanding of the postnatal experiences of South Asian immigrant women in 4 English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.

Introduction:
The postnatal period is an important time in the lives of women and their families. Major changes take place during this time as a woman’s body gradually returns to its pre-pregnancy state. The postnatal period is also a time for women to adapt and transition into their new role as a mother. Immigrant women experience many challenges in accessing quality postnatal care in comparison to non-migrant populations. South Asian immigrant women, specifically, encounter unique postnatal experiences and face a myriad of hardships in accessing proper postnatal care. The presence of cultural factors and traditional norms largely influence postnatal experiences of South Asian immigrant women. Cultural factors include, but are not limited to, relationships with family and in-laws, gender-specific roles, newborn gender, mental health stigma, language barriers, acculturative stress, and expression of depression.

Inclusion criteria:
Qualitative studies in English reporting postnatal experiences of South Asian immigrant women published after January 2000 will be considered for this review. Research designs may include, but are not limited to, feminist research, exploratory descriptive design, or ethnography. Gray literature will be limited to theses and dissertations only.

Methods:
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, EthOS, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses will be searched. Disagreement resolution, data extraction, and meta-aggregation will be completed through discussion between 2 reviewers. Studies will be critically appraised and assigned a level of credibility.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42022354306
Multilayer Shells Interacting Through Friction
Authors: Alaydin Mert D. , Bazilevs Yuri 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The corresponding author had the pleasure of attending an excellent symposium titled “Experimental and Theoretical Micro- and Nano-Mechanics: Honoring the Contributions of Prof. Kyung-Suk Kim” organized by Professors Ashraf Bastawros, Wendy Crone, Yanfei Gao, and Ruike (Renee) Zhao as part of the 2022 Society of Engineering Sciences Annual Technical Meeting held in College Station, TX on October 16–19, 2022. The symposium was held in honor of Prof. Kim’s 70th Birthday and celebrated over 40 years of Prof. Kim’s independent research achievements across several areas of Applied Mechanics. The present paper is dedicated to Prof. Kim, a great colleague at Brown University.We present a new formulation for the multilayer isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love (KL) shells, where the individual layers are assumed to interact through no-penetration and frictional contact. This work is largely motivated by the experiments and analysis presented in Poincloux et al. (2021, “Bending Response of a Book With Internal Friction,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 126(21), p. 218004). We utilize a regularized version of Coulomb’s friction law to model the tangential traction between the contacting shell surfaces. To ensure objectivity (i.e., reference-frame invariance) in the frictional model, we propose two different strategies to extrapolate the velocity vectors of the contact pair at the contact interface: (i) using the underlying KL kinematics of the individual shell layers and (ii) using the Taylor series-based extension from Kamensky et al. (2019, “Peridynamic Modeling of Frictional Contact,” J. Peridyn. Nonlocal Model., 1(2), pp. 107–121). We compare the performance of both approaches through a numerical benchmark example. We then validate our multilayer shell formulation using the “bending response of a book with internal friction” experiments of Poincloux et al. (2021, “Bending Response of a Book With Internal Friction,” Phys. Rev. Lett., 126(21), p. 218004).
The Trousers Fracture Test for Viscoelastic Elastomers
Authors: Shrimali Bhavesh , Lopez-Pamies Oscar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Shrimali and Lopez-Pamies (2023, “The ‘Pure-Shear’ Fracture Test for Viscoelastic Elastomers and Its Revelation on Griffth Fracture,” Extreme Mech. Lett., 58, p. 101944) have recently shown that the Griffith criticality condition that governs crack growth in viscoelastic elastomers can be reduced to a fundamental form that involves exclusively the intrinsic fracture energy Gc of the elastomer, and, in so doing, they have brought resolution to the complete description of the historically elusive notion of critical tearing energy Tc. The purpose of this article—which can be viewed as the third installment of a series—is to make use of this fundamental form to explain one of the most popular fracture tests for probing the growth of cracks in viscoelastic elastomers, the trousers test.
Emplacement history of volcaniclastic turbidites around the central Azores volcanic islands: Frequencies of slope landslides and eruptions
Authors: Chang Yu-Chun , Mitchell Neil C. , Schindlbeck-Belo Julie C. , Hansteen Thor H. , Freundt Armin , Hübscher Christian , Quartau Rui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Volcanic islands export clastic material to their surrounding oceans by explosive eruptions, lava emissions, biogenic production on their shelves, and failure of their slopes, amongst other processes. This raises the question of whether geological events (in particular, eruptions and landslides) can be detected offshore and dated, and whether any relationships (for example, with climate changes) can be revealed using sediment cores. The volcanically active central Azorean islands (Faial, Pico, São Jorge, and Terceira), with their neighboring submarine basins, are potentially good candidates for such an analysis. Here, chronostratigraphies of four gravity cores collected amongst the islands are constructed based on twelve radiocarbon dates and two dates derived by geochemically correlating primary volcaniclastic turbidites with ignimbrites on Faial and Terceira Islands. Age-depth models are built from the hemi pelagic intervals to estimate individual turbidite dates. Volumes of turbidites are modeled by multiplying basin areas with bed thickness, allowing for various turbidite thinning rates and directions. The volumes of landslide-generated turbidites are only comparable with the largest volumes of their adjacent upperslope submarine landslide valleys; therefore, such turbidites in the cores likely derive from these largest landslides.
Emplacement intervals between turbidites originating from both landslides and pyroclastic density currents are found to be mostly a few thousand years. Frequencies of landslide-generated turbidites and hemipelagic sedimentation rates were both highest in the past 8 k.y. compared to preceding periods up to 50 k.y. High hemipelagic sedimentation rates are interpreted to be related to sealevel rise, allowing more shelf bioproduction and release of particles by coastal erosion. The coincident increased frequencies of submarine landslides may also be associated with the increased sediment supply from the islands, resulting in a more rapid buildup of unstable sediments on submarine slopes. Notably, the emplacement frequencies of turbidites of pyroclastic density current origins do not suggest the decreased eruption frequency toward the Holocene that has been found elsewhere.
World variation in head circumference for children from birth to 5 years and a comparison with the WHO standards
Authors: Hui Lai Ling , Ho Frederick K , Wright Charlotte Margaret , Cole Tim J , Lam Hugh Simon , Deng Han-Bing , So Hung-Kwan , Ip Patrick , Nelson E Anthony S 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveA recent review reported that the WHO 2006 growth standards reflect a smaller head circumference at 24 months than seen in 18 countries. Whether this happens in early infancy and to what extent populations differ is not clear. This scooping review aimed to estimate the rates of children in different populations identified as macrocephalic or microcephalic by WHO standards.MethodsWe reviewed population-representative head circumference-for-age references. For each reference, we calculated the percentages of head circumferences that would be classified as microcephalic (<3rd WHO centile) or macrocephalic (>97th WHO centile) at selected ages.ResultsTwelve references from 11 countries/regions (Belgium, China, Ethiopia, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Norway, Saudi Arabia, UK and USA) were included. Median head circumference was larger than that for the Multicentre Growth Reference Study populations in both sexes in all these populations except for Japanese and Chinese children aged 1 month and Indians. Overall, at 12/24 months, 8%–9% children would be classified as macrocephalic and 2% would be classified as microcephalic, compared with the expected 3%. However at 1 month, there were geographic differences in the rate of macrocephaly (6%–10% in Europe vs 1%–2% in Japan and China) and microcephaly (1%–3% vs 6%–14%, respectively).ConclusionsExcept for Indians and some Asian neonates, adopting the WHO head circumference standards would overdiagnose macrocephaly and underdiagnose microcephaly. Local population-specific cut-offs or references are more appropriate for many populations. There is a need to educate healthcare professionals about the limitations of the WHO head circumference standards.
Postnatal growth restriction and neurodevelopment at 5 years of age: a European extremely preterm birth cohort study
Authors: El Rafei Rym , Maier Rolf Felix , Jarreau Pierre Henri , Norman Mikael , Barros Henrique , Van Reempts Patrick , Van Heijst Arno , Pedersen Pernille , Cuttini Marina , Johnson Samantha , Costa Raquel , Zemlin Michael , Draper Elizabeth S , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate whether extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) during the neonatal hospitalisation by sex among extremely preterm (EPT) infants is associated with cerebral palsy (CP) and cognitive and motor abilities at 5 years of age.Study designPopulation-based cohort of births <28 weeks of gestation with data from obstetric and neonatal records and parental questionnaires and clinical assessments at 5 years of age.Setting11 European countries.Patients957 EPT infants born in 2011–2012.Main outcomesEUGR at discharge from the neonatal unit was defined as (1) the difference between Z-scores at birth and discharge with <−2 SD as severe, −2 to −1 SD as moderate using Fenton’s growth charts (Fenton) and (2) average weight-gain velocity using Patel’s formula in grams (g) per kilogram per day (Patel) with <11.2 g (first quartile) as severe, 11.2–12.5 g (median) as moderate. Five-year outcomes were: a CP diagnosis, intelligence quotient (IQ) using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence tests and motor function using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, second edition.Results40.1% and 33.9% children were classified as having moderate and severe EUGR, respectively, by Fenton and 23.8% and 26.3% by Patel. Among children without CP, those with severe EUGR had lower IQ than children without EUGR (−3.9 points, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=−7.2 to −0.6 for Fenton and −5.0 points, 95% CI=−8.2 to −1.8 for Patel), with no interaction by sex. No significant associations were observed between motor function and CP.ConclusionsSevere EUGR among EPT infants was associated with decreased IQ at 5 years of age.
Mucous fistula refeeding in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Solís-García Gonzalo , Jasani Bonny 
Published: March 2023

Background and objectiveMucous fistula refeeding (MFR) aims to maximise bowel function when an ostomy is active after abdominal surgery, by introducing the proximal ostomy effluent into the distal mucous fistula to maintain intestinal physiology. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and complications of MFR in neonates following abdominal surgery.Design, setting and interventionsSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL were searched until June 2022 for studies including neonates with ostomy receiving MFR compared with neonates with ostomy without MFR.OutcomesThe primary outcome was duration of parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes were time to full enteral feeds, rates of cholestasis, peak total serum bilirubin, sepsis, time to reanastomosis and length of hospital stay.ResultsA total of 16 observational studies were included (n=623). Compared with comparator group, neonates who received MFR had fewer days of parenteral nutrition (mean difference 37.17 days, 95% CI −63.91 to −10.4, n=244, 5 studies, GRADE: low). In addition, neonates who received MFR had lower rates of cholestasis, shorter time to reach full feeds and shorter hospital stay.ConclusionLow certainty of evidence suggests that MFR is associated with shorter duration of parenteral nutrition in neonates following abdominal surgery and stoma creation. Results of ongoing and future randomised trials may help to corroborate these findings.
Risk of suicide in children and adolescents in the emergency department—is universal screening the answer?
Authors: Alrisi Khalid , Alnasif Naim , Nazeer Ahsan , Shareef Jauhar , Latif Finza 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveSuicide is a leading cause of death among children and adolescents. Suicide risk screening tools can detect the risk of suicide among patients presenting to healthcare settings. The aim of this review was to describe the effectiveness of universal suicide risk screening (all patients) compared with selective screening (behavioural health patients only) in children and adolescents in emergency departments (EDs).MethodA literature search was conducted on PubMed for articles related to suicide risk screening in paediatric EDs between January 2016 and February 2022.Results8 studies met the selection criteria. The review showed that 46%–93% of patients that screened positive for suicide risk had presented with a medical concern. These patients would have been missed without universal suicide risk screening. In both selective and universal screening scenarios, use of a suicide risk screening tool was better at detecting suicide risk compared with use of presenting problem alone. Suicide risk screening was found to be acceptable without increasing length of stay in the ED.ConclusionBased on this review, using a suicide screening tool can help detect patients at risk who would otherwise have been missed.
Outcomes in quality improvement and patient safety training: moving from in-person to synchronous distance education
Authors: Chen Anders , Kwendakwema Natasha , Vande Vusse Lisa K , Narayanan Maya , Strizich Lindee , Albert Tyler , Wu Chenwei 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitated increased synchronous distance education (SDE) in graduate medical education, presenting challenges for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (QIPS) best practices, which call for integration with daily clinical care and investigation of real patient safety events.ObjectiveTo evaluate educational outcomes for QIPS training after conversion of a mature, in-person curriculum to SDE.Methods68 postgraduate year (PGY)-1 residents were surveyed before and after the SDE Culture of Patient Safety training in June 2020, and 59 PGY-2s were administered the Quality Improvement Knowledge Application Tool-Revised (QIKAT-R) before and after the SDE QIPS seminar series in July–August 2020. Values before and after training were compared using sign tests for matched pairs (PGY-1) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (PGY-2).Results100% (68 of 68) of PGY-1s and 46% (27 of 59) of PGY-2s completed precourse and postcourse surveys. Before the course, 55 PGY-1s (81%) strongly agreed that submitting patient safety event reports are a physician’s responsibility, and 63 (93%) did so after (15% increase, p=0.004). For PGY-2s, the median composite QIKAT-R score was 17 (IQR 14.5–20) before and 22.5 (IQR 20–24.5) after the seminars, with a median difference of 4.5 (IQR 1.5–7), a 32% increase in QIPS competency (p=0.001).ConclusionsPatient safety attitudes and quality improvement knowledge increased after SDE QIPS training at comparable levels to previously published results for in-person training, supporting SDE use in future hybrid curricula to optimise educational value and reach.
Loss of a child and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a Danish population-based prospective cohort study
Authors: Wei Dang , Janszky Imre , Li Jiong , László Krisztina D 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSeveral studies suggest that bereavement is associated with increased risks of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. Knowledge regarding the link between bereavement and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is limited. We investigated whether the death of a child, one of the most severe forms of bereavement, is associated with AF.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study involving parents of live-born children during 1973–2016 from the Danish Medical Birth Register (n=2 804 244). Information on children’s death, parental AF and sociodemographic and other health-related characteristics was obtained by individual-level linkage between several Danish population-based registers. We analysed the association between loss of a child and AF using Poisson regression.ResultsDuring the up to 39 years follow-up, 64 216 (2.3%) parents lost a child and 74 705 (2.7%) had an AF. Bereaved parents had a higher risk of AF than the non-bereaved; the corresponding incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% CI were 1.12 (1.08 to 1.17). The association was present both when the child died of cardiovascular diseases (IRR (95% CI): 1.42 (1.20 to 1.69)), and of other causes (IRR (95% CI): 1.11 (1.06 to 1.16)), tended to be U-shaped according to the deceased child’s age at loss, but did not differ substantially according to the number of remaining live children at loss, the number of deceased children or the time since the loss.ConclusionsThe death of a child was associated with a modestly increased risk of AF. Bereaved parents may benefit from increased support from family members and health professionals.
Shoulder instability in military personnel: diagnosis and outcomes of arthroscopic stabilisation
Authors: Woods Alex , Teng W H , De Toledo Z , Memon K , Granville-Chapman J 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionShoulder instability is a common problem for military personnel due to the highly physical demands of work and training. This study assessed the pattern of glenoid labrum tears suffered by serving UK military personnel, the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods (magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) vs clinical examination) and, finally, the outcomes of arthroscopic stabilisation in terms of satisfaction, pain, and return to sport and full deployment.MethodsRetrospective demographic and clinical data were collected for all patients within our unit who underwent arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation between September 2016 and January 2019. Patients underwent clinical examination for instability and subsequent imaging with MRA. For service evaluation, patient-reported outcome measure data and occupational outcome data were gathered preoperatively and postoperatively.Results41 military patients with shoulder instability were treated with arthroscopic stabilisation. 24.4% had an isolated anterior tear, and 41.5% had complex two-zone or pan-labral tears identified on arthroscopy. Clinical examination showed higher sensitivity, accuracy and negative predictive value for all labral tear patterns compared with MRA. Mean preoperative Oxford Shoulder Instability Score score was 18.58 (SE ±1.67) and mean postoperative score was 41.5 (SE ±1.13). 82.14% of the patients returned to full deployment during the study period and 85% had returned to sports.ConclusionComplex labral tear patterns are common in military personnel with shoulder instability, and clinical examination appears to be more effective than imaging at predicting injury pattern. Patients respond well to arthroscopic stabilisation with good rates of return to work and sport, regardless of chronicity of injury.