bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust fluorogenic substrate for chikungunya virus protease (nsP2) activity
Authors: Makhaik Sparsh , Rut Wioletta , Choudhary Shruti , Upadhyay Tulsi , Hao Chenzhou , Westberg Michael , Bobst Cedric , Yoo Euna , Fejzo Jasna , Lin Michael Z. , Bogyo Matthew , Thompson Paul , Drag Marcin , Hardy Jeanne A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging pathogen with pandemic potential. CHIKV infection in humans is transmitted by mosquitoes and induces common symptoms of high fever, arthralgia and myalgia. Because no specific antiviral drugs for treatment of CHIKV infection are available, drug development remains a central goal. The chikungunya virus protease from nsP2 (CHIKVP) has emerged as a key drug target due to its indispensable role in viral replication via cleavage of the viral polyprotein. To date, effective tools for screening for CHIKVP inhibitors that reflect the most critical polyprotein cleavage sites have been lacking, hampering drug‐development efforts. We found that the recognition ability of CHIKVP is sensitive to the length of peptide substrates. In this study, we report a robust fluorogenic substrate comprising a 15‐mer peptide derived from the nsP3/4 junction from the CHIKV polyprotein. This peptide is flanked by an ACC‐Lys(dnp) donor–quencher pair. Our new substrate acc‐CHIK15‐dnp shows a 30‐fold improved signal‐to‐noise ratio as compared to the previously reported edab8 substrate, which is also based on the nsP3/4 junction. We found acc‐CHIK15‐dnp is recognized only by CHIKVP but not by other alphavirus proteases. This is surprising due to the high level of sequence conservation in the alpha virus polyprotein junctions and indicates that the P‐side residues are more important than the P′‐side sequence for effective CHIKVP cleavage. The robust signal‐to‐noise ratio obtained using acc‐CHIK15‐dnp derived from the nsP3/4 cleavage site enabled much improved small molecule HTS on CHIKV relative to other fluorogenic reporters.
Role of Chinese Medicine Monomers in Dry Eye Disease: Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Inflammation
Authors: Hu Zhuoyu , Chen Xiangdong , Hu Qi , Zou Menglong , Liu Zhimin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDry eye disease (DED) is a chronically inflammatory ocular surface disorder of unknown pathogenesis. Anti‐inflammatory medications, artificial tears, autologous serum, and LipiFlow have been shown to be highly beneficial in alleviating symptoms. Nevertheless, these interventions often provide only short‐term results and do not address the underlying problems of the disease. There is growing evidence that the risk of DED is associated with a vicious cycle of inflammation. This vicious cycle of inflammation is produced by the interaction of several factors, including tear film hyperosmolarity, tear film instability, inflammation, and apoptosis. Chinese medicine monomers, distinguished by their multicomponent and multitarget advantages, have been shown to help treat DED by modulating tear film status, and inhibiting inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, providing a new way of thinking of the management of DED in Chinese medicine.
Enhanced Active Learning for Structural Reliability Analysis: An Ensemble SVR Metamodel‐Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Zemed Najib , Cherradi Toufik , Bouyahyaoui Azzeddine , Mouzoun Kaoutar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe article introduces a novel active learning method for structural reliability analysis EMSVR‐MCS, which combines the ensemble of metamodels (EMs) method, support vector regression (SVR) metamodel, and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), this approach offers an effective and efficient solution for evaluating failure probability. The method proposes constructing a robust average metamodel from a set of SVR metamodels, each trained with a different kernel function. Additionally, it introduces the construction of a variance to estimate the prediction error of the average metamodel by exploiting differences among the predicted responses of each metamodel. The method also uses a new approach to select points for training, ensuring they cover the design space effectively using an innovative learning function. Five examples of varied nature and dimension were used to validate this method, demonstrating its effectiveness in estimating failure probability while significantly reducing computational costs compared to other approaches.
Rigid Spacecraft Attitude Control Based on Finite‐Time Non‐Singular Sliding Mode and Extended State Disturbance Observer With Input Hysteresis
Authors: Liu Junjun , Cui Yufu , Wang Haoping , Tian Yang , Zhou Xingyu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates an adaptive finite‐time non‐singular terminal sliding mode control method (AFNTSMC) for a rigid spacecraft rapid attitude maneuver control. Meanwhile, the spacecraft suffer from adverse challenges such as input hysteresis, external disturbances, and system uncertainty. To estimate the lumped disadvantage disturbances, an extended state disturbance observer (ESDO) is applied, the ESDO can track the disturbance quickly and accurately. To mitigate the effects of residuals, an adaptive law is applied. Lyapunov theory is applied to confirm the stability of the attitude control system. To validate the efficacy of the proposed control law, comparison simulations are conducted. According to this spacecraft attitude maneuvering system, the results show that the designed AFNTSMC can drive the attitude to the target position rapidly. It can save more than 5 s, the steady‐state error is reduced by more than in steady stage.
Improving the Hydrogenation Performance of Nano‐Catalysts by Constructing a Cavity‐Constrained Fluidized System
Authors: Li Jiale , Wu Guandong , Lin Xingye , Tu Yifeng , Zhao Rongpeng , Yan Zihan , Li Dianqing , He Yufei , Duan Xue 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNano‐catalysts demonstrate exceptional performance in heterogeneous reactions, yet their potential is often underutilized due to a lack of attention to engineering design. In this study, an innovative encapsulated structure is presented for nano‐catalysts and a corresponding catalytic system. Using an oil‐in‐water droplet strategy, millimeter‐sized hollow spherical alumina (Al2O3‐HS) is fabricated with an average diameter of ≈3 mm and a hollow void size of ≈1 mm. This approach enables the one‐step encapsulation of nanoscale Pd/Al2O3 within the Al2O3‐HS. The resulting assembly is immobilized within a tubular reactor for the hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone, with hydrogen introduced from the bottom of the reactor. Remarkably, the encapsulated catalyst achieved twice the H2O2 productivity of conventional supported catalysts. This enhancement is attributed to the cavity‐constrained fluidization behavior of Pd/Al2O3 within the hollow alumina spheres. The design introduces a novel catalytic system that combines shell‐immobilization with the fluidization of encapsulated nano‐catalysts. As the gas velocity exceeds the minimum fluidization velocity, the Pd/Al2O3 particles remain highly accessible while allowing efficient gas and product flow. This hybrid approach integrates the advantages of fixed‐bed and fluidized‐bed systems, offering a promising solution to the technical challenges limiting the industrial application of nano‐catalysts.
Physiological response of Microcystis aeruginosa exposed to aqueous extracts of Pistia stratiotes and Pontederia crassipes
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Luan , Santos Allan Amorim , Peñaloza Evelyn Maribel Condori , Pacheco Ana Beatriz Furlanetto , de Oliveira e Azevedo Sandra Maria Feliciano 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMacrophyte extracts inhibit cyanobacteria growth, offering a sustainable solution for bloom control. The present study aimed to evaluate the response of Microcystis aeruginosa to aqueous extracts obtained from the dried biomass of Pistia stratiotes L. and Pontederia crassipes Mart. Solms. The parameters analyzed were cyanobacterial growth, photosynthesis, generation of reactive oxygen species, and antioxidative response. The chemical profile of the aqueous extracts upon incubation was also analyzed. Both extracts (4.0 g.L−1) inhibited cyanobacterial growth in 6 days: 100% inhibition for P. stratiotes and 60% inhibition for P. crassipes. Photosynthetic activity was also inhibited: 99% inhibition for P. stratiotes and 12% inhibition for P. crassipes. This was related to the downregulation of the psbA gene (coding for the photosystem II protein D1). Exposure to both extracts increased the concentration of intracellular reactive oxygen species in cyanobacterial cultures. Superoxide dismutase( SOD) enzymatic activity increased in cultures exposed to P. stratiotes extracts. The transcription of the sod gene was not altered but the transcription of the peroxiredoxin gene (prxA) increased. Upon incubation of the macrophyte extracts with M. aeruginosa cultures, phenol concentrations decreased, and their metabolic profile changed. Thus, P. stratiotes extract outperformed P. crassipes in inhibiting M. aeruginosa growth. P. stratiotes extracts obtained from the plant dry biomass present allelopathic activity on cyanobacteria and can be used as a sustainable alternative to mitigate blooms.Practitioner Points
Aqueous extracts from dried biomass of P. stratiotes and P. crassipes inhibited M. aeruginosa growth.
P. stratiotes extract suppressed photosystem II activity, while P. crassipes did not.
Both extracts elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cells.
Peroxiredoxin gene expression upregulated by extract exposure.
P. stratiotes extract increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in cells.
Clavicle refractures after hardware removal: are there risk factors? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kessler Franziska , Kalbas Yannik , Hambrecht Jan , Wlach Victoria , Halvachizadeh Sascha , Pfeifer Roman , Pape Hans-Christoph , Klingebiel Felix Karl-Ludwig , Hierholzer Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Removal of symptomatic hardware after fracture fixation is common, especially in patients with clavicle fracture. Yet, refracture after hardware removal is a relatively common complication in those patients. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for clavicle refractures that could be influenced by the surgical treatment provided.

Methods
All patients from a level one trauma center from 2017 to 2022 were screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria included hardware removal after plate osteosynthesis of the clavicle, age ≥ 18 years, and signed informed consent. Groups were stratified according to occurrence of refracture: no-refracture (NR) vs. refracture (R). Nearest-neighbor matching in a ratio of 5:1 was performed. Parameter investigated included baseline demographics, fracture characteristics and surgical treatment details. A subgroup analysis of only clavicle shaft fractures was performed.

Results
Sixty patients were included with 50 patients in Group NR and 10 in Group R. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. A subgroup analysis on shaft fractures revealed that a significantly larger working length (number of empty screw holes adjacent to the fracture site) in Group NR (1.94 ± 0.85) compared to the refracture group (1.20 ± 0.92) (p = 0.042). Logistic regression yielded an inverse correlation with the number of empty screw holes to the fracture site and the occurrence of refractures (OR 0.369, 95% CI 0.132–0.873; p = 0.035). Time in situ, lag screw application, plate positioning and the total amount of screws did not affect either of the groups.

Conclusion
An increased working length in patients with clavicle shaft fractures might be a protective measure for occurrence of refractures after hardware removal.
Assessment of fire-retardant treatments and their impact on the fire performance and bonding properties of aspen and silver birch veneers
Authors: Alao Percy , Olusoji Adekunle , Kallakas Heikko , Just Alar , Kers Jaan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Plywood is a valuable material that offers superior properties compared to solid wood. However, like solid wood, its poor flammability limits its suitability for various applications. This study investigates the impact of distinct types of fire retardants (FRs), designated as B, P, and U, as well as various application techniques—roller coating, spraying, and impregnation—on the bond strength and fire performance of aspen and birch veneers. A lap shear test (LST) was conducted to compare the bond strength of veneers bonded with a newly developed lignin-substituted phenolic formaldehyde (LPF) resin against a conventional formaldehyde resin (PF) to evaluate the effects of FR treatments. The results indicated that FR retention was significantly higher with impregnation and, overall, with aspen veneers than birch, except for aspen veneers treated using the spraying method with P-FR. The P-FR exhibited strong and consistent performance with birch veneers, irrespective of the treatment method. Notably, P-FR roller-coated aspen, with an FR retention of 9.5% and an ignition time of 11 s, demonstrated the best overall reaction to fire performance. With a basic protection duration of 52 s and a thermal decay time of 157 s, this combination demonstrated improved thermal resistance. The LST further revealed that FR treatments significantly impacted birch veneers, which experienced a 30–48% decrease in shear strength with PF resin relative to untreated veneers. The LPF resin was incompatible with birch veneers when treated with P-FR formulated from a protic ionic liquid. For aspen, the overall decrease in shear strength was 40%, but with B- and U-FR treatments, the reductions reached 38% and 50%, respectively—much higher than the decreases observed in birch (25% and 37%) relative to control samples. These findings provide valuable insights into the effects of fire retardants on new resins, though further research is necessary for comprehensive validation.
Minimum size control for binary topology optimization
Authors: Cortez Rômulo L. , Setta Mario , Picelli Renato , Wadbro Eddie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Topology optimization methods employing binary (also known as discrete) design variables currently lack mathematical formulations to ensure length scale control in their solutions. This paper proposes and applies a morphology-mimicking filtering scheme to provide a minimum size control (often also referred to as minimum length scale control) in this class of binary designs. The Topology Optimization of Binary Structures (TOBS) method was chosen as the foundational framework for this length scale control study. Thermal and structural compliance scenarios were explored under this approach. Numerical results show that the proposed filter efficiently imposes the desired minimum length scale. The optimized designs were also less dependent on the filtering parameters when compared to designs optimized using standard techniques that employ continuous design variables.
A Nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy System with Singular Potential, Degenerate Mobility, and Sources
Authors: Cavaterra Cecilia , Frigeri Sergio , Grasselli Maurizio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider a Cahn–Hilliard–Darcy system for an incompressible mixture of two fluids we already analyzed in [9]. In this system, the relative concentration difference

$$\varphi $$

φ

obeys a convective nonlocal Cahn–Hilliard equation with degenerate mobility and singular (e.g., logarithmic) potential, while the volume averaged fluid velocity

$$\varvec{u}$$

u

is given by a Darcy’s law subject to the Korteweg force

$$\mu \nabla \varphi $$

μ
∇
φ

, where the chemical potential

$$\mu $$

μ

is defined by means of a nonlocal Helmholtz free energy. The kinematic viscosity

$$\eta $$

η

depends on

$$\varphi $$

φ

. With respect to the quoted contribution, here we assume that the Darcy’s law is subject to gravity and to a given additional source. Moreover, we suppose that the Cahn–Hilliard equation and the chemical potential contain source terms. Our main goal is to establish the existence of two notions of weak solutions. The first, called “generalized” weak solution, is based a convenient splitting of

$$\mu $$

μ

so that the entropy derivative does not need to be integrable. The second is slightly stronger and allows to reconstruct

$$\mu $$

μ

and to prove the validity of a canonical energy identity. For this reason, the latter is called “natural” weak solution. The rigorous relation between the two notions of weak solution is also analyzed. The existence of a global attractor for generalized weak solutions and time independent sources is then demonstrated via the theory of generalized semiflows introduced by J.M. Ball.
Mixed methods scoping review of patients’ experiences of urgent and emergency cancer care
Authors: Hurley-Wallace A. L. , Defty J. , Richardson A. , Wagland R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Patients with oncological emergencies require immediate specialist cancer care to ensure optimum outcomes. This is often a stressful, time-sensitive situation for patients and their families who describe having to navigate complex care pathways to access urgent treatment. Acute oncology was established as a subspecialty in the UK in 2009, with the goal to streamline emergency cancer care. Patient experiences of urgent care in acute oncology contexts have not specifically been explored; hence, it is unknown whether patient experiences of emergency cancer care have improved. This may be due to lack of a patient-reported experience measure for this purpose.

Methods
A mixed methods scoping review was conducted from 2010 to April 2024, with the aim of identifying core aspects of the care experience important to patients with cancer during an acute oncological episode, based on published research evidence. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods articles were sourced and screened in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review guidance. Core domains of patient experience were collated and summarised using mixed methods evidence synthesis.

Results
Fifteen articles reporting on 14 unique studies were included. Issues important to patient experiences of emergency cancer care were described by patients, healthcare professional, and carer proxies. Studies captured experiences of various care delivery models including telehealth, in-person presentation to an Emergency Department, and acute oncology services. Six core domains of patient experience arose from the synthesis: managing emotional distress, being treated with compassion and respect, deciding when to seek help, hospital environment, quality of care and communication, and discharge planning.

Conclusions
This is the first review to identify existing literature on patient experiences of emergency cancer care, highlighting core domains of patient experience impactful for patients and their families. Patients’ decisions about when to seek help and the impact of discussing palliative care needs during an emergency were more specific to emergency cancer care, compared to issues like the hospital environment, which can be important throughout a patient’s cancer care journey. Results will help inform development of a patient-reported experience measure to allow healthcare providers to evaluate and continuously improve specialist urgent and emergency cancer care services.
Measuring the diversity of data and metadata in digital libraries
Authors: C. Carrasco Rafael , Candela Gustavo , Marco-Such Manuel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diversity indices have been traditionally used to capture the biodiversity of ecosystems by measuring the effective number of species or groups of species. In contrast to abundance, which grows with the amount of data available and is sensitive to the appearance of small groups, diversity indices provide a more robust indicator on the variability of individuals. These types of indices can be employed in the context of digital libraries to analyse their content and metadata. They can be used, for example, to identify trends in the distribution of topics, to compare the lexica employed by different authors or to analyse the coverage of semantic metadata. In this article, the lexical diversity is measured through one of the most common indices employed to evaluate diversity, the Shannon index. The experiments show that this index slowly grows with the length of the text used to calculate it. As this growth has the diversity value as ceiling, the curves show that the true value of diversity will only be reached for very large samples. Unfortunately, the available text is often not long enough to achieve the convergence. This paper introduces therefore a new model for the calculation of the asymptotic value of the Shannon diversity of the vocabulary which outperforms traditional models. As regards metadata in digital libraries, we use the new model to analyse the topical specialization of a digital library and its time evolution and propose a more robust way to measure the variety of tags (classes and properties) employed by digital libraries to describe their holdings in Linked Open Data repositories.
Diversity in Morphological Traits, Cultural Characteristics, and Virulence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates in Oilseed rape in Germany
Authors: Zamani-Noor Nazanin , Brand Sinja , Wüsthoff Niklas , Klocke Bettina , Papenbrock Jutta 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white mold or stem rot in numerous important crops, including oilseed rape. Evaluating morphological traits, cultural characteristics, and virulence among various pathogen isolates is essential for an efficient management strategy. Thus, this study aimed to collect and characterize S. sclerotiorum isolates from diverse regions across Germany. The occurrence of Sclerotinia stem rot in oilseed rape fields in Germany varied from 2020 to 2022, with a total of 62 infested fields identified across 12 federal states. The disease incidence varied notably within these fields, ranging from 2 to 42%. In total, 62 isolates were collected, revealing differences in colony colour, number of produced sclerotia, weight of them, sclerotia formation patterns, mycelium growth index, and mycelial compatibility grouping. Furthermore, the virulence of the isolates were evaluated through their inoculation into five oilseed rape cultivars at the cotyledon stage. The outcomes of the one and two-way ANOVA analysis revealed significant effects for both S. sclerotiorum isolate and oilseed rape cultivar, as well as their interaction (P ≤ 0.05). Out of the evaluated isolates, 16 had low virulence (lesion area below 10%), 39 displayed moderate virulence (lesion area between 10 and 30%), and seven showed high virulence (lesion area above 30%). The evidence presented in this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the morphological and reproductive behaviours within German S. sclerotiorum populations, along with insights into pathogen virulence. Such systematic assessments can significantly improve the development of effective management strategies to reduce Sclerotinia stem rot disease.