bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the functionality of biodegradable food packaging materials via porous nanomaterials
Authors: Jafarzadeh Shima , Forough Mehrdad , Kouzegaran Vahid Javan , Zargar Masoumeh , Garavand Farhad , Azizi‐Lalabadi Maryam , Abdollahi Mehdi , Jafari Seid Mahdi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNon‐biodegradability and disposal problems are the major challenges associated with synthetic plastic packaging. This review article discusses a new generation of biodegradable active and smart packaging based on porous nanomaterials (PNMs), which maintains the quality and freshness of food products while meeting biodegradability requirements. PNMs have recently gained significant attention in the field of food packaging due to their large surface area, peculiar structures, functional flexibility, and thermal stability. We present for the first time the recently published literature on the incorporation of various PNMs into renewable materials to develop advanced, environmentally friendly, and high‐quality packaging technology. Various emerging packaging technologies are discussed in this review, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, it provides general information about PNMs, their characterization, and fabrication methods. It also briefly describes the effects of different PNMs on the functionality of biopolymeric films. Furthermore, we examined how smart packaging loaded with PNMs can improve food shelf life and reduce food waste. The results indicate that PNMs play a critical role in improving the antimicrobial, thermal, physicochemical, and mechanical properties of natural packaging materials. These tailor‐made materials can simultaneously extend the shelf life of food while reducing plastic usage and food waste.
Propofol mediates non‐small cell lung cancer growth in part by regulating circ_0003028‐related mechanisms
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Liu Dongzhi , Wang Ping , Liu Naihe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with propofol‐mediated inhibitory effect on non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression. Circular hsa_circ_0003028 (circ_0003028) exerts a tumor‐promoting role in NSCLC. However, it is unclear whether propofol can mediate NSCLC progression via regulating circ_0003028 expression.MethodsA total of 36 NSCLC patients were recruited in the study. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, flow cytometry, and transwell assays. Relative expression of circ_0003028 in NSCLC samples and cells was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). Analysis of the latent binding of circ_0003028 to miR‐1305 was done by bioinformatic analysis and confirmed by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Xenografting in mice was done to verify the relationship between propofol and circ_0003028.ResultsSignificant upregulation of circ_0003028 was detected in NSCLC samples and cells. Functionally, propofol treatment reduced circ_0003028 expression in NSCLC cells, and circ_0003028 overexpression impaired propofol‐mediated inhibitory effect on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Interestingly, circ_0003028 could compete with miR‐1305 as a competing endogenous RNA and upregulate CORO1C expression in NSCLC cells.ConclusionPropofol‐mediated inhibiting effect on NSCLC growth partly depended on the circ_0003028/miR‐1305/CORO1C axis.
Hemispherotomy in children: A retrospective analysis of 152 surgeries at a single center and predictors for long‐term seizure outcome
Authors: Kalbhenn Thilo , Cloppenborg Thomas , Woermann Friedrich G. , Hagemann Anne , Polster Tilman , Coras Roland , Blümcke Ingmar , Bien Christian G. , Simon Matthias 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveCompleteness as a predictor of seizure freedom is broadly accepted in epilepsy surgery. We focused on the requirements for a complete hemispherotomy and hypothesized that the disconnection of the insula contributes to a favorable postoperative seizure outcome. We analyzed surgical and nonsurgical predictors influencing long‐term seizure outcome before and after a modification of our hemispherotomy technique.MethodsWe retrospectively studied surgical procedures, electroclinical parameters, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, and follow‐up data in all children who had undergone hemispherotomy between 2001 and 2018 at our institution. We used logistic regression models to analyze the influence of different factors on seizure outcome.ResultsA total of 152 patients were eligible for seizure outcome analysis only. Of these, 140 cases had complete follow‐up data for ≥24 months and provide the basis for the following results. The median age at surgery was 4.3 years (range = .3–17.9 years). Complete disconnection (including the insular tissue) was achieved in 63.6% (89/140). At 2‐year follow‐up, seizure freedom (Engel class IA) was observed in 34.8% (8/23) with incomplete insular disconnection, whereas this was achieved in 88.8% (79/89) with complete surgical disconnection (p < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 10.41). In the latter group (n = 89), a potentially epileptogenic contralateral MRI lesion was the strongest predictor for postoperative seizure recurrence (OR = 22.20).SignificanceComplete surgical disconnection is the most important predictor of seizure freedom following hemispherotomy and requires disconnection of the insular tissue at the basal ganglia level. Even if the hemispherotomy is performed surgically completely, a potentially epileptogenic contralateral lesion on preoperative MRI significantly reduces the chances of postoperative seizure freedom.
Long‐term epilepsy outcome dynamics revealed by natural language processing of clinic notes
Authors: Xie Kevin , Gallagher Ryan S. , Shinohara Russell T. , Xie Sharon X. , Hill Chloe E. , Conrad Erin C. , Davis Kathryn A. , Roth Dan , Litt Brian , Ellis Colin A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveElectronic medical records allow for retrospective clinical research with large patient cohorts. However, epilepsy outcomes are often contained in free text notes that are difficult to mine. We recently developed and validated novel natural language processing (NLP) algorithms to automatically extract key epilepsy outcome measures from clinic notes. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of extracting these measures to study the natural history of epilepsy at our center.MethodsWe applied our previously validated NLP algorithms to extract seizure freedom, seizure frequency, and date of most recent seizure from outpatient visits at our epilepsy center from 2010 to 2022. We examined the dynamics of seizure outcomes over time using Markov model‐based probability and Kaplan–Meier analyses.ResultsPerformance of our algorithms on classifying seizure freedom was comparable to that of human reviewers (algorithm F1 = .88 vs. human annotator = .86). We extracted seizure outcome data from 55 630 clinic notes from 9510 unique patients written by 53 unique authors. Of these, 30% were classified as seizure‐free since the last visit, 48% of non‐seizure‐free visits contained a quantifiable seizure frequency, and 47% of all visits contained the date of most recent seizure occurrence. Among patients with at least five visits, the probabilities of seizure freedom at the next visit ranged from 12% to 80% in patients having seizures or seizure‐free at the prior three visits, respectively. Only 25% of patients who were seizure‐free for 6 months remained seizure‐free after 10 years.SignificanceOur findings demonstrate that epilepsy outcome measures can be extracted accurately from unstructured clinical note text using NLP. At our tertiary center, the disease course often followed a remitting and relapsing pattern. This method represents a powerful new tool for clinical research with many potential uses and extensions to other clinical questions.
Context‐dependent responses of terrestrial invertebrates to anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gallego‐Zamorano Juan , de Jonge Melinda M. J. , Runge Katharina , Huls Steven H. , Wang Jiaqi , Huijbregts Mark A. J. , Schipper Aafke M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic increases in nitrogen (N) concentrations in the environment are affecting plant diversity and ecosystems worldwide, but relatively little is known about N impacts on terrestrial invertebrate communities. Here, we performed an exploratory meta‐analysis of 4365 observations from 126 publications reporting on the richness (number of taxa) or abundance (number of individuals per taxon) of terrestrial arthropods or nematodes in relation to N addition. We found that the response of invertebrates to N enrichment is highly dependent on both species' traits and local climate. The abundance of arthropods with incomplete metamorphosis, including agricultural pest species, increased in response to N enrichment. In contrast, arthropods exhibiting complete or no metamorphosis, including pollinators and detritivores, showed a declining abundance trend with increasing N enrichment, particularly in warmer climates. These contrasting and context‐dependent responses may explain why we detected no overall response of arthropod richness. For nematodes, the abundance response to N enrichment was dependent on mean annual precipitation and varied between feeding guilds. We found a declining trend in abundance with N enrichment in dry areas and an increasing trend in wet areas, with slopes differing between feeding guilds. For example, at mean levels of precipitation, bacterivore abundance showed a positive trend in response to N addition while fungivore abundance declined. We further observed an overall decline in nematode richness with N addition. These N‐induced changes in invertebrate communities could have negative consequences for various ecosystem functions and services, including those contributing to human food production.
METAPHYSICS IN HISTORY: NOTES ON THE ORIGINS OF AUTHORITARIANISM AND POPULISM
Authors: Sor Federico 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTThis article contains an analysis of metaphysics in historical narrative, especially as it pertains to the study of authoritarianism and populism, and a brief exploration of the political implications of metaphysical narratives. The article engages closely with twentieth‐century accounts of the origins of authoritarianism and populism and related topics insofar as they are relevant today. Some present‐day authors continue to adopt some of the tropes of twentieth‐century accounts, though they do so without acknowledging the uncertainties and doubts expressed by twentieth‐century historians and social scientists with regard to their own paradigms. The analysis proceeds through an immanent critique, examining the internal contradictions of complex notions. The focus is on teleology and transcendentalism. Teleology occludes short‐term causality, contexts, and conjunctures. It entails anachronism, or the retrospective attribution of meaning, and ontological fatalism, which renders historical explanation irrelevant. Eschewing fatalism means allowing for the causal efficiency of intervening conditions, which contradicts the premises of the teleological approach. The reification of stages (or eras) in teleological successions leads to asynchronies, or the coexistence of elements belonging to different totalities. The formulation of origins as predispositions and potentialities entails a transcendental approach. Immanently, there are no potentialities but actual existents immersed in their historical context; these can only be potentialities with respect to a transcendental being or essence. But this approach leads to irresoluble contradictions and an alienated form of history in which human agency and actors themselves are only manifestations of a beyond. The neglect of social antagonisms as immediate causes of authoritarianism entails a specific political position. The postulation of populism as transcendentally equivalent to authoritarianism carries a negative valuation of challenges to liberal democracy. With a less deterministic approach to history, analytical and normative assessments become less predetermined.
The effect of incisional negative pressure wound therapy on the improvement of postoperative cosmetic suture wounds and scar hyperplasia
Authors: Liu Yanjun , Xu Mingze , Wang Zheng , Zhu Xiaoshu , Xu Jianguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the effects of early incisional negative pressure wound therapy (INPWT) on cosmetic suture wounds and postoperative scar hyperplasia. We retrospectively evaluated 120 patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection at the Changhai Hospital between February 2018 and October 2021 and divided them into two groups according to their treatment: the INPWT group (n = 60) and the control group (n = 60). The quality of post‐surgical wound healing in the two groups was evaluated. The Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS), the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), and the visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the surgical incision scar at 1‐year follow‐up. At this follow‐up visit, 115 patients underwent reexamination; five patients were lost to follow‐up, including two patients in the INPWT group and three patients in the control group. The INPWT group showed better wound healing than the control group (P < .05). The proportion of patients who received INPWT was significantly higher in the non‐surgical site infection (SSI) group than in the SSI group (P < .05). The PSAS, VSS and VAS scores were significantly improved in the INPWT group compared with those in the control group (P < .05). Our results show that INPWT improved the quality of cosmetic suture wounds and reduced the degree of postoperative scar hyperplasia.
Punctured surgical gloves and bacterial re‐colonisation of hands during open heart surgery: Implications for prosthetic valve replacement.
Authors: Berg G A , Kirk A J B , Bain W H 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe frequency and distribution of accidentally Punctured surgical gloves were studied during 40 consecutive open heart operations. The efficacy of pre‐operative skin scrubbing and the amount of skin re‐colonisation under gloves were also assessed. Punctures were common, occurring in over 40 per cent of gloves examined but were infrequently recognised at the time of trauma. Pre‐operative hand scrubbing was effective in initially eliminating bacteria but 50 per cent of hands had significant amounts of skin re‐colonisation at the end of each operation. The majority of bacteria cultured were those that most commonly cause early prosthetic valve endocarditis. Greater awareness is needed that glove penetration occurs frequently during open heart surgery and has the potential to contaminate implanted prosthetic valves with bacteria.
Genito‐urinary approach to the management of colposcopic abnormalities of the cervix
Authors: Mohanty K C , Rand R J 
Published: April 2023

SummaryOne hundred and fifty nine patients with abnormal cervical cytology were studied by colposcopy and histologically. Fifty six were attending the Department of Genito‐Urinary Medicine, 103 were referred from elsewhere. The STD clinic patients were younger (73 per cent under the age of 29 years) and 89 per cent had a satisfactory colposcopy. The incidence of cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia (C1N) for both groups was 87 per cent. This was associated with human papilloma virus in 35 per cent of cases. Treatment by laser vaporisation for CIN with koilocytic change was 100 per cent successful, probably due to the screening and treatment of sexual partners. A distinct genitourinary approach to these patients is suggested. Patients with an unsatisfactory colposcopy (with evidence of CIN) should be referred to the gynaecologist for cone biopsy and treatment without any further investigations such as colposcopic cervical biopsies in the STD clinic. Patients with a satisfactory colposcopy may be investigated, treated and followed‐up in the STD clinic.
Acute intussusception: referral in relation to presentation and aetiology
Authors: Jain S K , Sharma M , Singla S K , Pathania O P 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA study of 42 consecutive children with acute intussusception was undertaken. The emphasis was on the time taken for surgical referral in relation to the presenting symptom. Operative findings and outcome revealed late referral (>72 h) in cases presenting with diarrhoea and bleeding per rectum. A higher incidence of gangrenous gut and irreducibility of intussusception was found in the ileoileal variety of intussusception.Some interesting facts about the aetiology have also been noted. Rupture of intussuscipiens was also encountered.
Influenza vaccine and anticoagulation control in patients receiving warfarin
Authors: Arnold Wsg , Mehta M K , Roberts J St Clair 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe effects of a trivalent split virion influenza vaccine on anticoagulation control were prospectively evaluated in a sample of well‐controlled warfarin recipients. Vaccine‐induced changes in prothrombin time ratios were not detected during one month of follow‐up after immunisation. The results are supported by the findings of other studies conducted in this country and the USA, which have all refuted the conclusions of early reports that suggested a possible interaction between warfarin and influenza vaccine.
Complications of cholecystectomy in district general hospitals
Authors: Habib N A , Foo C L , El‐Masry R , Gouli O , Cox S , Salem R , Todd B , Benjamin I S 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe aim of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of the complications in one thousand consecutive cholecystectomies performed in three district general hospitals.Major post‐operative complications occurred in 63 patients (6.3 per cent) and were responsible for 12 deaths (1.2 per cent operative mortality) and 31 reoperations.The incidence of retained stones was 5.8 per cent (10 patients) for those who underwent exploratory choledochotomy, and 10.9 per cent in those who were managed by common bile duct exploration and stone extraction.There were four cases of iatrogenic biliary trauma (0.4 per cent), all in cases operated by junior registrars. All (except one) occurred during elective ‘non‐complicated’ cholecystectomy.
False aneurysm of the brachial artery: an unusual complication following accidental puncture by a patient on home haemodialysis
Authors: Coen L D , Johnson B F , Moorhead P J , Raftery A T 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA case is reported of false aneurysm of the brachial artery following accidental puncture during attempted cannulation of the median cubital vein for routine haemodialysis at home. The merits of early diagnosis and prompt surgical repair are discussed.
Pharmacokinetic study of controlled‐release choline theophyllinate in elderly patients
Authors: Mondal B K , Beck PR , Gregory J , Le Cotonnec J‐Y , Clarke I 
Published: April 2023

SummaryControlled‐release choline theophyllinate tablets (Sabidal SR 270, Zyma) were administered to 17 elderly patients aged between 68 and 86 years (mean 76 ± 7 years) until steady state was obtained. The dosage form was one tablet every 12 hours for four days.Plasma theophylline concentrations were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography after the first dose and during the fourth day for a 12‐hour period. The tablets showed evidence of controlled‐release properties: the maximum plasma concentration (10.8 ± 2.5 mg/1) was obtained after 3.4 ±1.6 hours. The mean trough level was 6.6 ±1.5 mg/1 and the difference between the peak and trough levels was 4.1 ± 1.2 mg/1. The mean steady‐state plasma theophylline concentration was 8.5 ± 2.2 mg/1. The mean elimination half‐life was 14 ± 7 hours. The mean volume of distribution was 0.8 ± 0.4 l/kg. The mean total body clearance was 0.05 ± 1/h/kg. All values, the half‐life excepted, were found to be within the ranges for the patients reported in the literature. The values show the usual interindividual variation.
Effect of using alcoholic and non‐alcoholic skin cleansing swabs when sampling blood for alcohol estimation using gas chromatography
Authors: McIvor R A , Cosbey S H 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA study was carried out using 20 volunteers in whom venepuncture through the skin soaked in either ethyl or isopropyl alcohol was performed. A non‐alcoholic cetrimide/chlorhexidine swab was used as a control. All subjects were initially alcohol free.Ethyl alcohol was detected in only one blood sample and the level was found to be only 0.4 mg% (roughly the limit of detection of the assay). A slightly higher level of isopropyl alcohol (3 mg%) was found in one of the blood samples.Alcohol estimation was carried out by headspace gas chromatography using a pair of instruments each fitted with a column exhibiting different retention characteristics. The system was similar to that used by other UK Forensic Science Laboratories where accurate, definitive results are a necessity.It was concluded that under very testing conditions only minute ethanol interference is produced by using alcohol‐based skin cleansing swabs. This minimal interference is unlikely to affect clinical sample results, and even in a forensic situation the inadvertent use of alcohol‐based swabs is unlikely to lead to a miscarriage of justice.
Comparison of oral erythromycin ethylsuccinate and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of acute respiratory tract infections
Authors: Feld M S , Carnegie Christina , MacKlin Jeffery , Coles Stephen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA total of 619 patients with acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection were randomised to receive either erythromycin ethylsuccinate tablets at a dose of 1 g twice daily, or ciprofloxacin tablets 500 mg twice daily in a singleblind, multicentre study. The efficacy of each antibacterial was similar, with close to 90% of patients on each treatment being reported as either cured or improved. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most commonly reported side‐effects, being similar in overall incidence for both agents. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headache occurred more frequently in the ciprofloxacin group, while abdominal pain and diarrhoea occurred more frequently in the erythromycin ethylsuccinate group. In each group, the number of patients failing to complete treatment was similar and the main reasons cited for discontinuation were gastrointestinal symptoms. This study indicates that both erythromycin ethylsuccinate and ciprofloxacin are well tolerated and are equally effective for routine empirical treatment of acute respiratory tract infections.
A COMPARISON OF INTERPRETATION OF SCREENING MAMMOGRAMS BY A RADIOGRAPHER, A DOCTOR AND A RADIOLOGIST: RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Haiart D C , Henderson J 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARY In 1986, a project began to assess the feasibility of mobile breast screening, using oblique view mammography, in rural areas near Edinburgh. One of the aims of the project was to determine the feasibility, in terms of accuracy and cost, of non‐radiologist prescreeners. The sensitivity and specificity of each reader was calculated (using 12‐month interval cancer rates). Sensitivities of 80%, 80% and 83% were found for a radiographer, a non‐radiologist doctor and a radiologist respectively, with corresponding specificities of 78%, 84% and 86%.When each reader was costed, prescreening was no cheaper than the radiologist reading all the films himself (£79.10 for the radiologist reading 1,000 pairs of films alone, against £84.97 with the radiographer prescreening and £163.93 with the non‐radiologist doctor prescreening). We were unable to demonstrate any advantages of prescreening, but found that double reading of the films, though costly, would have increased the sensitivity of the programme.