bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Covalent Organic Framework‐Based Light‐Driven Microswimmers toward Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Sridhar Varun , Yildiz Erdost , Rodríguez‐Camargo Andrés , Lyu Xianglong , Yao Liang , Wrede Paul , Aghakhani Amirreza , Akolpoglu Birgul M. , Podjaski Filip , Lotsch Bettina V. , Sitti Metin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhile micromachines with tailored functionalities enable therapeutic applications in biological environments, their controlled motion and targeted drug delivery in biological media require sophisticated designs for practical applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), a new generation of crystalline and nanoporous polymers, offer new perspectives for light‐driven microswimmers in heterogeneous biological environments including intraocular fluids, thus setting the stage for biomedical applications such as retinal drug delivery. Two different types of COFs, uniformly spherical TABP‐PDA‐COF sub‐micrometer particles and texturally nanoporous, micrometer‐sized TpAzo‐COF particles are described and compared as light‐driven microrobots. They can be used as highly efficient visible‐light‐driven drug carriers in aqueous ionic and cellular media. Their absorption ranging down to red light enables phototaxis even in deeper and viscous biological media, while the organic nature of COFs ensures their biocompatibility. Their inherently porous structures with ≈2.6 and ≈3.4 nm pores, and large surface areas allow for targeted and efficient drug loading even for insoluble drugs, which can be released on demand. Additionally, indocyanine green (ICG) dye loading in the pores enables photoacoustic imaging, optical coherence tomography, and hyperthermia in operando conditions. This real‐time visualization of the drug‐loaded COF microswimmers enables unique insights into the action of photoactive porous drug carriers for therapeutic applications.
Firms' profitability and ESG score: A machine learning approach
Authors: D'Amato Valeria , D'Ecclesia Rita , Levantesi Susanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCorporate social responsibility (CSR) is found to impact firms' performance, for instance, enhancing reputation, increasing innovation capabilities, customer loyalty, and customer satisfaction help improve financial performance. However, the literature provides limited evidence of the relationship between CSR indicators, such as the ESG score, and the firm's profitability, which is often measured by the earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT). We investigate this issue by analyzing a sample of about 400 companies constituting the EuroStoxx‐600 index, from 2011 to 2020, using different machine learning models. The novelty of our contribution lies in assessing whether the ESG score has a significant influence on the firms' profitability. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between ESG score and EBIT using machine learning interpretability toolboxes such as partial dependence plots and individual conditional expectation. Tools which help to measure the functional relationship between the predicted response and one or more features, while the Shapley value allows to examine the contribution of the feature to the prediction. Our findings show that the model can reach high levels of accuracy in detecting EBIT and that the ESG score is a promising predictor, compared to other traditional accounting variables.
A case report: Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis
Authors: Luo Zhong , Cao Piao , Xu Jing‐Qing , Yan Rong , Wang Jian , Liang Tao , Chen Ya , Xu Zu‐Cai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 57‐year‐old man who suffered from a headache for 1 year, accompanied by blurred vision for 7 months and numbness in his left face for 1 week was admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University on May 7, 2022. One year ago, the patient had no obvious precipitating factor of paroxysmal stabbing pain in the whole skull with dizziness, which could be relieved by oneself after lasting for 1–2 min each time, with about 20 episodes per day. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed changes in bilateral frontal lobe ischemic foci, bilateral frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary sinusitis, and retinal macular degeneration. After hormone shock treatment, the condition improved. He suffered from headaches again with blurred vision in the right eye 7 months ago and was initially diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. He then was discharged after improvement due to hormone shock therapy. Oral hormone therapy was continued outside the hospital, but he stopped it due to drug side effects (details remained unclear). After cutting off, he developed a headache and visited our hospital once more, the relevant tests were performed and the patient was diagnosed with idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP). The symptoms were slightly abated after hormone therapy. We hope that through this case report, we can deepen the clinicians' understanding of IHP, and improve the diagnosis rate of the disease through relevant examinations in future clinical work, so that patients can receive timely treatment and the mental pressure and economic burden caused by the disease on patients are reduced.
Determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate using the hematocrit‐corrected aggregation index and mean corpuscular volume
Authors: Higuchi Makoto , Watanabe Nobuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDetermination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by measurement of erythrocyte aggregation is an alternative to the Westergren method and can be performed rapidly. However, its principle is opaque and the ESR values obtained can deviate from Westergren method values (WG ESR) due to hematocrit. Furthermore, WG ESR is affected by particle size, but no studies have examined the effect of individual mean corpuscular volumes (MCVs).MethodsSimultaneous measurement of the erythrocyte aggregation index (AI) over a 5‐s interval and determination of the complete blood count in 80 μL blood from 203 patients were performed (hematocrit, 21.4%–52.3%; MCV, 62.7–114.1 fL). ESR values were calculated with the hematocrit‐corrected AI (HAI) for comparison with WG ESR. We improved the calculation formula by using MCV.ResultsThe sedimentation velocity of a single erythrocyte in the samples agreed well with an exponential function of HAI. ESR values calculated using HAI showed excellent correlation with WG ESR (r = 0.899, p < 0.001; Bland–Altman analysis: bias 2.76, limits of agreement (LOA) −24.5 to 30.0), but the difference between the calculated ESR and WG ESR increased with decreasing MCV. Calculation of ESR considering both HAI and MCV eliminated the MCV‐dependent deviation and improved the correlation with WG ESR (r = 0.920, p < 0.001, bias −2.17, LOA −24.6 to 20.3).ConclusionCalculation using HAI and MCV can rapidly provide ESR values that are highly correlated with WG ESR in clinical specimens over a wide range of hematocrit and MCV values.
“The lab isn't life”: Black engineering graduate students reprioritize values at the intersection of two pandemics
Authors: Coley Brooke , Thomas Katreena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundBlack engineering graduate students represent a critical and understudied population in engineering education. Gaining an understanding of the lived experiences of Black engineering graduate students while they are simultaneously weathering two pandemics, COVID‐19 and systemic racism, is of paramount importance.Purpose/HypothesisBlack engineering graduate students hold a unique duality, as both Black people in the United States and Black graduate students in US engineering programs that espouse white supremacist ideals. Their real‐world experiences necessitate understanding, and this paper highlights the related impact on the students themselves, their adaptations to the pandemics, and how those adaptations relate to and affect their support needs and navigation of their engineering academic environments.Design/MethodAn interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach was combined with community‐based participatory action research and was situated in Boykin's Triple Quandary. A family check‐in was conducted with 10 Black engineering graduate students enrolled in doctoral programs across the country to delve deep into their lived experience as a cultural community.ResultsFindings include an emergent framework of Black engineering graduate student values in response to the pandemics. These values aligned with the Black Cultural Ethos, demonstrating an adoption of collectivistic cultural values in times of crises. Further, COVID‐19 and systemic racism differentially impacted Black engineering graduate students and, thus, the manifestations of their values.ConclusionFor institutions to be able to effectively support their Black engineering graduate students, they must gain awareness of the students' experiences, values, and needs, in general, and amid crises specifically. The findings presented here provide a critical window into this information.
Lidocaine–epinephrine–tetracaine（LET）を使用した小児の創傷処理に関する記述的研究(A case series of anaesthetic efficacy of lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine (LET) for wound management in children)
Authors: 和喜 伊丹 , 啓子 内藤 , 隆太 小野寺 , 仁 髙橋 , 拓 舩越 
Published: April 2023

要旨【目的】Lidocaine–epinephrine–tetracaine（LET）は，多くは小児における創傷処理の表面麻酔に使用されている。LETはリドカインの局所注射麻酔と比較しても効果に遜色がないことが示されているが，本邦におけるLETを使用した創傷処理に関する報告は限られている。そこで当院救急外来におけるLETを使用した小児の創傷処理の現状と有効性，副作用に関して調査した。【対象】本報告はカルテレビューに基づく単施設記述研究である。2018年4月1日から2021年3月31日までの期間に当院救急外来を受診した15歳以下の患者で，LETを使用し創傷処理を行った患者群を対象とした。調査項目は年齢，性別，創部の長さ，部位，局所注射麻酔もしくは鎮静鎮痛（procedural sedation and analgesia: PSA）の追加の有無，有害事象の有無とした。【結果】対象患者は312人で，LETのみで創傷処理を完遂できた症例は262例（84%），LETと局所注射麻酔を併用した症例は35例（11%），LETとPSAを併用した症例は10例（3%），LET，局所注射麻酔，PSAを併用した症例は5例（2%）であった。本報告において有害事象は0例（0%）であった。【結語】LETでの創傷処理は適切な鎮痛効果かつ少ない有害事象で施行可能と考えられる。
相対的適応で実施した血液透析で致死量摂取のアスピリン中毒を治療した1例(A case of successful treatment with hemodialysis after ingestion of a lethal dose of aspirin)
Authors: 元太 竹村 , 嗣明 寺島 , すばる 田邊 , 大 大石 , 祐史 久下 , 雅庸 津田 
Published: April 2023

要旨　服毒自殺目的に大量摂取されたアスピリン［アセチルサリチル酸（acetylsalicylic acid: ASA）］が通常の半減期を大幅に延長していたが，血液透析により著明な症状改善を得た1例を経験したため，若干の考察とともに報告する。症例は20歳の男性，2日間にわたりASAを過量摂取（各13.2g，26.4g）し，発熱などを主訴に2回目の摂取から約8時間経過して救急外来を受診した。来院時は頻呼吸・頻脈・耳鳴症状を認め，活性炭投与，大量補液，アルカリ化利尿などの保存的治療を行ったが，症状改善に乏しく，難聴の出現，呼吸性アルカローシスと凝固機能の悪化を認めたためsalicylic acid（SA）の除去目的に血液透析を行った。初回および再検査の血中SA濃度から半減期が20.3時間と過延長していたが，2回の血液透析により，自覚症状の改善と採血結果の改善を認め，第7病日に聴力検査したところ感音難聴は改善した。中毒学的には2回目のみで考えても致死的の517mg/kgを摂取，予測最高血中濃度は1,045μg/mLと重症例であったが，血液透析により速やかな血中濃度減少を認め，有効な治療であったと考えられる。
Sleep and its variability in relation to behavioral outcomes in school‐age children with overweight and obesity
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Tung Yi‐Ching , Huang Chuen‐Min , Lee Chien‐Chang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis was a cross‐sectional study to examine sleep and its variability in relation to behavioral outcomes in school‐age children with overweight and obesity. A total of 246 school‐age children with overweight or obesity were recruited between 2019 and 2021 from 10 public elementary schools in Northern Taiwan. Parents completed sleep and behavior questionnaires, with children wearing an actigraphy monitor for 7 days. Average daily sleep duration by actigraphy was 7.52 h, with 84.6% of the children having clinically significant sleep disturbance scores and 68.3% having a total behavior problem score in the clinical range. Children were categorized by median split for sleep duration and sleep duration variability. Multivariate regression analyses showed that children in the insufficient (duration)‐stable (variability) sleep category had significantly higher scores for emotion problems (B = 0.94, p = 0.01), self‐control problems (B = 1.61, p < 0.01), and total behavior problems (B = 3.38, p < 0.01) compared to children in the sufficient‐stable sleep (reference) category. Children in the insufficient‐variable sleep category had significantly higher self‐control problem scores compared to children in the reference category (B = 1.03, p < 0.05). Findings from our study suggest that school‐age children with overweight and obesity coexist with sleep and behavioral problems, and those who have consistently insufficient sleep are at the greatest risk for the worst behavioral outcomes. Screening for sleep habits and behavioral problems should be considered a standard practice in pediatric overweight and obesity.
Flavonstrahlung in the B3 − L2 Z′ model at current and future colliders
Authors: Allanach Ben , Loisa Eetu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The B3− L2Z′ model may explain some gross features of the fermion mass spectrum as well as b → sℓℓ anomalies. A TeV-scale physical scalar field associated with gauged $$ U{(1)}_{B_3-{L}_2} $$
U

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spontaneous symmetry breaking, the flavon field ϑ, affects Higgs phenomenology via mixing. In this paper, we investigate the collider phenomenology of the flavon field. Higgs and W boson mass data are used to place bounds upon parameter space. We then examine flavonstrahlung (Z′ → Z′ϑ production) at colliders as a means to directly produce and discover flavon particles, which would provide direct empirical evidence tying the flavon to $$ U{(1)}_{B_3-{L}_2} $$
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symmetry breaking. A 100 TeV FCC-hh or a 10 TeV muon collider would have high sensitivity to flavonstrahlung, whereas the HL-LHC can observe it only in extreme corners of parameter space.
Permutation tests for experimental data
Authors: Holt Charles A. , Sullivan Sean P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article surveys the use of nonparametric permutation tests for analyzing experimental data. The permutation approach, which involves randomizing or permuting features of the observed data, is a flexible way to draw statistical inferences in common experimental settings. It is particularly valuable when few independent observations are available, a frequent occurrence in controlled experiments in economics and other social sciences. The permutation method constitutes a comprehensive approach to statistical inference. In two-treatment testing, permutation concepts underlie popular rank-based tests, like the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney tests. But permutation reasoning is not limited to ordinal contexts. Analogous tests can be constructed from the permutation of measured observations—as opposed to rank-transformed observations—and we argue that these tests should often be preferred. Permutation tests can also be used with multiple treatments, with ordered hypothesized effects, and with complex data-structures, such as hypothesis testing in the presence of nuisance variables. Drawing examples from the experimental economics literature, we illustrate how permutation testing solves common challenges. Our aim is to help experimenters move beyond the handful of overused tests in play today and to instead see permutation testing as a flexible framework for statistical inference.
Birch establishes anywhere! So, what is there to know about natural regeneration and direct seeding of birch?
Authors: Lidman Felicia Dahlgren , Karlsson Matts , Lundmark Tomas , Sängstuvall Lars , Holmström Emma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe tested three soil scarification approaches of varying intensity (intensive preparation exposing bare mineral soil, medium intensity with a mixture of organic material and mineral soil, and control without site preparation) on six clear-felled sites in two localities in northern and central Sweden between 2018 and 2021. The effect of soil scarification intensity and soil moisture on the occurrence of naturally regenerated birch seedlings was tested one, two and three years after soil scarification, and the density of direct-seeded birch seedlings one year after seeding. In addition, we tested the effect of the annual seed rain, and differences between the two birch species, on the density of direct-seeded seedlings. Soil scarification and its interaction with soil moisture had a significant positive effect on both the occurrence of naturally regenerated birch seedlings and the density of direct-seeded birch seedlings. There was no significant effect of neither annual natural seed rain nor species choice on direct-seeded seedling density. Time since soil scarification had a significant effect on the occurrence of naturally regenerated birch seedlings. In moist soils with high volumetric water content (≥ 28%), birch seeds germinate at high rates and seedlings survive without soil scarification. In mesic soils, birch seeds germinate with higher rates after soil scarification. In dry soils, birch seeds rarely germinate regardless of any disturbance of the humus layer.
Numerical study of a plasma jet for plasma-assisted laser cutting
Authors: Manzke Sebastian , Krümmer Moritz , Urlau Franz , Mahrle Achim , Füssel Uwe , Leyens Christoph 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLaser fusion cutting commonly applies a high-pressurized nitrogen gas jet to blow the molten material out of the cut kerf. However, theoretical considerations suggest that the use of a plasma jet may offer some advantages over this conventional approach. In this preliminary investigation, the characteristics of a non-transferred plasma jet for the application as auxiliary gas in laser beam cutting are analyzed using numerical CFD simulation. Based on this study, a first prototype of a plasma jet generator was manufactured and used in initial cutting experiments on 6 mm thick AISI 304 stainless steel. Two different cooling concepts for the plasma torch were considered and investigated in practice. Suitable values for the nozzle exit diameter, the distance between the electrodes of the plasma torch, the auxiliary gas flow rate and the electric current were identified both model-based and experimentally. The achieved cutting performance is considered a proof-of-principle of the suggested approach of a plasma-assisted laser beam cutting process.
AdaLiftOver: high-resolution identification of orthologous regulatory elements with Adaptive liftOver
Authors: Dong Chenyang , Shen Siqi , Keleş Sündüz 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMotivationElucidating functionally similar orthologous regulatory regions for human and model organism genomes is critical for exploiting model organism research and advancing our understanding of results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Sequence conservation is the de facto approach for finding orthologous non-coding regions between human and model organism genomes. However, existing methods for mapping non-coding genomic regions across species are challenged by the multi-mapping, low precision, and low mapping rate issues.ResultsWe develop Adaptive liftOver (AdaLiftOver), a large-scale computational tool for identifying functionally similar orthologous non-coding regions across species. AdaLiftOver builds on the UCSC liftOver framework to extend the query regions and prioritizes the resulting candidate target regions based on the conservation of the epigenomic and the sequence grammar features. Evaluations of AdaLiftOver with multiple case studies, spanning both genomic intervals from epigenome datasets across a wide range of model organisms and GWAS SNPs, yield AdaLiftOver as a versatile method for deriving hard-to-obtain human epigenome datasets as well as reliably identifying orthologous loci for GWAS SNPs.Availability and implementationThe R package and the data for AdaLiftOver is available from https://github.com/keleslab/AdaLiftOver.
The Joint Investigation Team in Ukraine: An Opportunity for the International Criminal Court?
Authors: Tan Yudan , Yang Suhong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
During the 2022 Russia-Ukraine war, a joint investigation team (JIT) with members of seven States and a participant from the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) was set up on alleged core international crimes committed in Ukraine. It is an unprecedented development that the OTP joins a JIT with national authorities under the auspices of the European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation (Eurojust). This essay analyses how the OTP’s participation in the JIT in Ukraine may affect the proactive complementarity of the ICC. It identifies the benefits of a JIT tool and the potential consequences of the OTP’s engagement in a JIT for its independence and impartiality. It argues that despite concerns and challenges, the OTP’s participation in a JIT offers a novel modality of implementing the policy of proactive complementarity through two-track cooperation and assistance.
Development and Validation of the Glasgow Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Index of Compliance
Authors: Jatkowska Aleksandra , White Bernadette , Nichols Ben , Svolos Vaios , Gkikas Konstantinos , Hansen Richard , Russell Richard K , Gaya Daniel , Brownson Emily , Seenan John Paul , Milling Simon , MacDonald Jonathan , Gerasimidis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Treatment adherence is key to the efficacy of exclusive enteral nutrition [100% EN] in active Crohn’s disease [CD], but there are no biomarkers to objectively estimate this. We explored faecal parameters as biomarkers of compliance with 100% EN, and subsequently developed and validated the Glasgow Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Index of Compliance [GENIE].

Methods
Healthy adults replaced all [100% EN] or part [85% EN, 50% EN, 20% EN] of their diet with a formula for 7 days. Faecal pH, water content, short chain fatty acids, and branched chain fatty acids [BCFAs] were measured before [D0] and after [D7] each intervention. Optimal biomarkers and threshold values were derived using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses and machine learning to develop the GENIE. The GENIE was then validated in 30 CD children, during and after 100% EN.

Results
In all, 61 adults were recruited. D7 faecal pH and the ratios of BCFAs to either acetate or butyrate performed the best to differentiate between patients on 100% EN from &lt;100% EN. Two models were generated; one included faecal metabolites (Laboratory GENIE, L-GENIE; sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value [PPV] of 88%, 94%, and 92%) and a second one [Clinical Genie, C-GENIE] which considers only faecal pH [sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 84%, 86%, and 81%]. Validation of GENIE in CD children found that C-GENIE outperformed L-GENIE, producing a sensitivity, specificity, and PPV of 85%, 88%, and 88%, respectively.

Conclusions
GENIE can help predict adherence to 100% EN and may complement current conventional dietary assessment.
Bilinear Integrable soliton solutions and carbon emission rights pricing
Authors: Yang Xing , Mi Jun-long , Zeng Yue , Wei Wen-bo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPricing carbon emission rights and other financial assets using the soliton theory is a pioneering attempt. In this study, we investigated the pricing of carbon emission rights according to the basic attributes of solitons, whose amplitude and velocity remain unchanged after a collision. First, we showed that the price fluctuation in the sequence of carbon emission rights possesses the characteristics of a soliton, such as non-dispersion while spreading and being stable after a collision. With a variation in the time scale, the waveform and velocity of the carbon price movement did not change with its translation in the same direction. Second, we demonstrated that the carbon soliton equation passes the $Painlev\acute{e}$ test for integrability. Moreover, at the resonance point, there exists an arbitrary function ${u}_j(t)$ of $t$ in which the compatibility condition always holds. This indicates the existence of soliton solutions to the carbon soliton equation. Third, the exact solutions of single-soliton, two-soliton and three-soliton equations were obtained by using a nonlinear evolution equation constructed with a bilinear method. In the three soliton solutions, only the single-soliton solution is the central value of the carbon emission rights and its theoretical value is 13 Euro/tCO2e.