bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel Airway Obstruction Phenotypes in Adult OSA
Authors: Bacak Bartholomew , Porterfield Lee , Karelsky Sveta 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe multilevel phenotypes of airway obstruction identified on drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in adults.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingTertiary care center.MethodsVideo recordings of DISE on adult patients were retrospectively scored. A cross‐correlation matrix was created to detect significant correlations between DISE findings at anatomical subsites. Three multilevel phenotypes resulted from the matrix: complete collapse at the tongue base with complete collapse at the epiglottis (T2‐E2), complete circumferential obstruction at the velum with complete lateral pharyngeal wall collapse at the oropharynx (V2C‐O2LPW), and incomplete collapse at the velum with complete collapse due to tonsillar hypertrophy (V0/1‐O2T). The mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for demographic and polysomnogram metrics of each phenotype compared to all other subjects.ResultsPhenotype 1 (T2‐E2) (n = 88) had older ages (MD 5.784 years, CI [1.992, 9.576]), lower body mass index (BMI) (MD –1.666 kg/m2, CI [02.570, −0.762]), and smaller neck circumferences (MD –0.448 in., CI [−9.14, −0.009]) than the other phenotypes. Phenotype 2 (V2C‐O2LPW) (n = 25) had higher BMIs (MD 2.813 kg/m2, CI [1.362, 4.263]), higher neck circumference (MD 0.714 in., CI [0.004, 1.424]), and higher apnea‐hypopnea index (MD 8.252, CI [0.463, 16.041]). Phenotype 3 (V0/1‐O2T) (n = 20) had younger ages (MD –17.697, CI [−25.215, −11.179]).ConclusionThree distinct multilevel phenotypes of obstruction were identified on DISE, suggesting different anatomic subsites collapse in a nonrandom pattern. The phenotypes appear to represent distinct patient groups and their identification may have implications in terms of pathophysiology and treatment modalities.
Cardiotoxicity in children with cancer treated with anthracyclines: A position statement on dexrazoxane
Authors: Bertorello Nicoletta , Luksch Roberto , Bisogno Gianni , Haupt Riccardo , Spallarossa Paolo , Cenna Rosita , Fagioli Franca 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of non‐malignant morbidity and mortality in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). Anthracyclines are included in many treatment regimens for paediatric cancer, but unfortunately, these compounds are cardiotoxic. One in 10 CCSs who has received an anthracycline will develop a symptomatic cardiac event over time. Given the crucial need to mitigate anthracycline‐related cardiotoxicity (ARC), the authors critically examined published data to identify effective cardioprotective strategies. Based on their expert analysis of contemporary literature data, it was concluded that consideration should be given for routine use of dexrazoxane in children with cancer who are at risk of ARC.
Flexural and sinking stiffnesses investigation of metal, glass fiber reinforced plastic and hybrid laminates through a semi‐experimental method
Authors: Duan Libin , Wu Chuang , Liu Xing , Xu Wei , Du Zhanpeng , Zhang Yu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe hybrid metal/GFRP laminate is a kind of typical hybrid structure consisting of thin metal sheets and glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates, which combines the benefits of low cost, high strength, excellent impact resistance, and good corrosion resistance. In this work, a semi‐experimental method based on a nondestructive test and the analytic solution of the thin plate's deflection for the flexural and sinking stiffnesses identification of hybrid metal/GFRP laminates was proposed and validated by corresponding numerical simulations. Then, in total 17 different specimens (including metal, GFRP and hybrid metal/GFRP) were prepared and tested by the proposed semi‐experimental method to investigate their flexural and sinking stiffness performances in multiple perspectives (including stiffness per unit mass/volume/price/surface density). The analytic solutions show that the flexural and sinking stiffnesses are proportional to macro equivalent moduli of laminate specimens and proportional to the third power of thicknesses of specimens. The test results show that the stiffnesses per unit mass/density of the 7‐ply GFRP laminate can be comparable to those of the variable‐thickness rolled blank (VRB) made of steels, but the stiffnesses per volume/price of the 7‐ply GFRP laminate are only one fifth to one quarter of those of VRB. It is also found that though the hybrid metal/GFRP laminate with the combination sequence of aluminum plate/5‐ply GFRP/aluminum plate has the lowest GFRP layers' volume fraction, but has the best performances of stiffnesses per unit mass/density. Besides, the VRB part can significantly improve the stiffnesses per unit volume of hybrid metal/GFRP laminates.
Preparation and properties of antibacterial biomaterial PAA/TiO2/Ag
Authors: Fan Xiaoxia , Zhu Sudi , Wei Xiaobo , Zhang Ziyue , Zhao Lin , Yan Lin , Li Baoli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBacterial infection caused by medical material is a common problem in the field of medicine. In this work, we aim to develop a novel antimicrobial bioplastic with potential medical value. A novel composite material composed of polyamino acid (PAA) and titanium dioxide/silver nanoparticles (TiO2/Ag NPs) was synthesized by in situ melting polycondensation with different TiO2/Ag loadings. The morphological, antibacterial, mechanical, thermal, and cytotoxicity properties of the PAA/TiO2/Ag composites were investigated. The results showed that uniform nanocomposites with amide bonds were synthesized, and the nanocomposites with 10% TiO2/Ag incorporation exhibited the best thermal and mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the composites significantly promoted the proliferation of MG‐63 cells. The composites showed obvious inhibitory effect on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and this effect was increased as the TiO2/Ag NPs doping was increased. These PAA/TiO2/Ag composites are suitable for antibacterial and high‐performance biomaterials in the medical field.
Study on the foaming behavior of density‐controllable epoxy resin composite foam under negative pressure environment
Authors: Zhou Taineng , Jin Bo , Liu Wei , Yang Le , Jiang Tuanhui , Zeng Xiangbu , Shi Faguo , Shen Kuanchun , Zhang Chun , He Li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe incomplete decomposition of foaming agent and tedious process during the preparation of epoxy resin composite foam (ERCF) will reduce the mechanical properties and lead to more complex production. Therefore, in this study, a new and simple negative pressure foaming method was designed innovatively to prepare ERCF under negative pressure using strong gas adsorption capacity of inorganically modified calcium silicate (MCS) particles as air carriers instead of foaming agent, and the density and expansion ratio of ERCF could be precisely controlled by adjusting the negative pressure value in a vacuum oven. The results showed that the density of ERCF could reach a very low value of 0.056 g/cm3 at 15 wt% MCS content with decreased negative pressure, but the negative pressure decreases would damage the quality of cells. At the same time, it was found that a rapid rise in the viscosity of the epoxy composite material system under negative pressure of −0.080 MPa owing to the increase in MCS content, when the MCS content was higher than 15 wt%, the MCS dispersion was reduced, leading to a decrease in the quality of the cells. In addition, the ERCF products prepared by the negative pressure foaming method in this study could be easily molded and possessed a better compressive strength among epoxy foams of similar density.
Investigation of Young's modulus of defective graphene‐reinforced epoxy at different weight ratios by molecular dynamics
Authors: Erdol Muhammet , Konukman Alp Er S. , Oktem Ahmet Sinan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExperimental studies have shown that adding graphene to epoxy at even a low weight ratio increases strength, temperature resistance, and electrical conductivity. This study examines the effects of combining graphene with epoxy and assesses Young's modulus of the resulting nano‐composite materials with various defective graphene types. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is are utilized to predict the mechanical properties of nano‐composite materials, and a heuristic protocol is implemented to avoid incorrect bond structures during crosslinking reactions. The study demonstrates that adding graphene to epoxy increases Young's modulus, but the effect declines when the graphene is defective. These results significantly advance the field's knowledge by providing a new understanding of the effects of pristine and defective graphene reinforcement on epoxy Young's modulus. This research stands out for its evaluation of the impact of various graphene defects on epoxy properties using MD simulations. The employed heuristic protocol in this study, which includes thorough updates of both bonded and non‐bonded terms as well as partial charges, serves as a more reliable algorithm than iterative multi‐step protocols by reducing the risk of incorrect molecular linkages resulting from the neglect of angle‐based covalent terms. Additionally, this study evaluates the constant strain minimization method's suitability for determining the mechanical properties of nano‐composite materials. Finally, a thorough comparison between the simulation results and the existing experimental findings reported in scholarly sources was made to guarantee the full disclosure of both qualitative and quantitative results within the scope of the investigation.
Comprehensive prenatal diagnostics: Exome versus genome sequencing
Authors: Miceikaite Ieva , Fagerberg Christina , Brasch‐Andersen Charlotte , Torring Pernille Mathiesen , Kristiansen Britta Schlott , Hao Qin , Sperling Lene , Ibsen Mette Holm , Löser Katrin , Bendsen Eske Alf , Ousager Lilian Bomme , Larsen Martin Jakob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of prenatal genetic testing using trio whole exome sequencing (WES) and trio whole genome sequencing (WGS) in pregnancies with fetal anomalies by comparing the results with conventional chromosomal microarray (CMA) analysis.MethodsA total of 40 pregnancies with fetal anomalies or increased nuchal translucency (NT ≥ 5 mm) were included between the 12th and 21st week of gestation. Trio WES/WGS and CMA were performed in all cases.ResultsThe trio WES/WGS analysis increased the diagnostic yield by 25% in cases with negative CMA results. Furthermore, all six chromosomal aberrations identified by CMA were independently detected by WES/WGS analysis. In total, 16 out of 40 cases obtained a genetic sequence variant, copy number variant, or aneuploidy explaining the phenotype, resulting in an overall WES/WGS diagnostic yield of 40%. WES analysis provided a more reliable identification of mosaic sequence variants than WGS because of its higher sequencing depth.ConclusionsPrenatal WES/WGS proved to be powerful diagnostic tools for fetal anomalies, surpassing the diagnostic yield of CMA. They have the potential to serve as standalone methods for prenatal diagnosis. The study highlighted the limitations of WGS in accurately detecting mosaic variants, which is particularly relevant when analyzing chorionic villus samples.
Bio‐based Polyamide 56: Recent advances in basic and applied research
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Wentao Liu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraditional polyamide goods have suffered greatly as a result of the deteriorating environmental situation and the growing depletion of petroleum resources. Therefore, research and development of bio‐based polyamide materials gains increasing popularity. The emergence of Polyamide 56 (PA56), a brand‐new class of biomaterial that has the excellent moisture absorption and dyeability properties, has garnered considerable interest. This review screens the research on bio‐based PA56 in the past 20 years, summarizing the synthesis method, condensed structure, material properties, and market applications of PA56. The research and development direction of PA56 material is analyzed and predicted.
Light and jasmonic acid coordinately regulate the phosphate responses under shade and phosphate starvation conditions in Arabidopsis
Authors: Sun Yanzhao , Zheng Yanyan , Yao Heng , Ma Zhaodong , Xiao Mengwei , Wang Haiyang , Liu Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the natural ecosystem, plants usually grow at high vegetation density for yield maximization. The high‐density planting triggers a variety of strategies to avoid canopy shade and competes with their neighbors for light and nutrition, which are collected termed shade avoidance responses. The molecular mechanism underlying shade avoidance and nutrition has expanded largely in the past decade; however, how these two responses intersect remains poorly understood. Here, we show that simulated shade undermined Pi starvation response and the phytohormone JA is involved in this process. We found that the JA signaling repressor JAZ proteins directly interact with PHR1 to repress its transcriptional activity on downstream targets, including phosphate starvation induced genes. Furthermore, FHY3 and FAR1, the negative regulators of shade avoidance, directly bind to promoters of NIGT1.1 and NIGT1.2 to activate their expression, and this process is also antagonized by JAZ proteins. All these results finally result in attenuation of Pi starvation response under shade and Pi‐depleted conditions. Our findings unveil a previously unrecognized molecular framework whereby plants integrate light and hormone signaling to modulate phosphate responses under plant competition.
Construction of silsesquioxane and phosphinum‐based ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymers for efficient heterogeneous catalytic CO2 cycloaddition
Authors: Huang He , Meng Chaoran , Xu Zixuan , Wang Shijie , Chang Yanan , Wang Shuo , Chen Juan , Long Zhouyang , Chen Guojian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this work, we reported a facile one‐pot route to construct polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and phosphonium‐based ionic porous hypercrosslinked polymers (denoted as P‐iPHCPs) with multiple catalytic active sites, which could be regarded as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to highly value‐added cyclic carbonates. The targeted polymers P‐iPHCPs were prepared from a rigid building block octavinylsilsesquioxane (VPOSS) and a low‐cost commercially available organic ionic salt methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide ([Ph3PMe]Br) by the AlCl3‐catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts reaction. The series of polymers P‐iPHCPs that synthesized by different molar ratios of VPOSS to [Ph3PMe]Br possess hierarchical micro/mesoporous structures with high surface areas ranging from 376 to 429 m2 g−1 and behave the flower‐like nano‐morphology. Especially, the desired multiple active sites involved the mixed anions including free Cl−, Br− anions and the in‐situ formed metal‐halogen complex anion [AlCl3Br]− within phosphonium segments, and the enriched POSS‐derived SiOH hydrogen bond donor (HBD) groups that derived from the breakage of POSS cages during the synthetic process. The typical polymer P‐iPHCP‐14 has the aforementioned nucleophilic‐electrophilic multiple catalytic active sites, which was regarded as an efficient recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for synergistic catalytic conversion of CO2 with various epoxides into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions.
Characterization of the pH‐dependent protein stability of 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase by differential scanning fluorimetry
Authors: Chou Yun‐Hao , Hsieh Chia‐Lin , Chen Yan‐Liang , Wang Tzu‐Pin , Wu Wen‐Jeng , Hwang Chi‐Ching 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe characterization of protein stability is essential for understanding the functions of proteins. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones and the detoxification of xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. However, the stability of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases has not yet been characterized in detail. Here, we determined the changes in Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity of unfolding for 3α‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase (3α‐HSD/CR) by varying the pH and urea concentration through differential scanning fluorimetry and presented pH‐dependent protein stability as a function of temperature. 3α‐HSD/CR shows the maximum stability of 30.79 kJ mol−1 at 26.4°C, pH 7.6 and decreases to 7.74 kJ mol−1 at 25.7°C, pH 4.5. The change of heat capacity of 30.25 ± 1.38 kJ mol−1 K−1 is obtained from the enthalpy of denaturation as a function of melting temperature at varied pH. Two proton uptakes are linked to protein unfolding from residues with differential pKa of 4.0 and 6.5 in the native and denatured states, respectively. The large positive heat capacity change indicated that hydrophobic interactions played an important role in the folding of 3α‐HSD/CR. These studies reveal the mechanism of protein unfolding in HSD and provide a convenient method to extract thermodynamic parameters for characterizing protein stability using differential scanning fluorimetry.
Large library docking for novel SARS‐CoV‐2 main protease non‐covalent and covalent inhibitors
Authors: Fink Elissa A. , Bardine Conner , Gahbauer Stefan , Singh Isha , Detomasi Tyler C. , White Kris , Gu Shuo , Wan Xiaobo , Chen Jun , Ary Beatrice , Glenn Isabella , O'Connell Joseph , O'Donnell Henry , Fajtová Pavla , Lyu Jiankun , Vigneron Seth , Young Nicholas J. , Kondratov Ivan S. , Alisoltani Arghavan , Simons Lacy M. , Lorenzo‐Redondo Ramon , Ozer Egon A. , Hultquist Judd F. , O'Donoghue Anthony J. , Moroz Yurii S. , Taunton Jack , Renslo Adam R. , Irwin John J. , García‐Sastre Adolfo , Shoichet Brian K. , Craik Charles S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntiviral therapeutics to treat SARS‐CoV‐2 are needed to diminish the morbidity of the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic. A well‐precedented drug target is the main viral protease (MPro), which is targeted by an approved drug and by several investigational drugs. Emerging viral resistance has made new inhibitor chemotypes more pressing. Adopting a structure‐based approach, we docked 1.2 billion non‐covalent lead‐like molecules and a new library of 6.5 million electrophiles against the enzyme structure. From these, 29 non‐covalent and 11 covalent inhibitors were identified in 37 series, the most potent having an IC50 of 29 and 20 μM, respectively. Several series were optimized, resulting in low micromolar inhibitors. Subsequent crystallography confirmed the docking predicted binding modes and may template further optimization. While the new chemotypes may aid further optimization of MPro inhibitors for SARS‐CoV‐2, the modest success rate also reveals weaknesses in our approach for challenging targets like MPro versus other targets where it has been more successful, and versus other structure‐based techniques against MPro itself.
Characterization of GafchromicTM EBT4 film with clinical kV/MV photons and MeV electrons
Authors: Guan Fada , Chen Huixiao , Draeger Emily , Li Yuting , Aydin Resat , Tien Christopher J. , Chen Zhe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveA newly developed GafchromicTM EBT4 film model was released recently. According to the vendor‐stated specifications, this new model maintains major features of its more recent predecessor, EBT3, but has a great improvement in the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The purpose of this study was to fully characterize the EBT4 model by testing its dose response dependence on beam energy using clinical photon and electron beams and validating its improvement in SNR.MethodsIn the beam energy dependence experiments, 6 MV and 15 MV photon beams, 6 MeV, 12 MeV and 20 MeV electron beams, 120 kVp and two 250 kVp x‐ray beams (with different half‐layer values) were selected, representing different clinical beam energies and radiation types. In the noise and SNR analyses, only the 6 MV photon beam was selected as the representative to compare between EBT4 and EBT3 models.ResultsThe energy dependence test results showed that there was a slight difference (<2% at most dose levels) in the dose response among the clinical MV photons and MeV electrons. However, a large deviation (>10%) in the dose response was found for the 120 kVp x‐ray beam. For the two 250 kVp x‐ray beams, the difference in the dose response was moderate (<5%), but not negligible. The noise and SNR results showed a reduced noise and strengthened SNR in EBT4.ConclusionWe conclude that the EBT4 film has a minimal energy dependence for MV photon and MeV electron beams but has a notable energy dependence for kilovoltage x‐ray beams, and the vendor‐stated features of the reduced noise and improved SNR in EBT4 are validated.
From propensities to patterns to principles in protein folding
Authors: Rose George D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs proposed here, β‐turns play an essential role in protein self‐assembly. This compact, four‐residue motif affects protein conformation dramatically by reversing the overall chain direction. Turns are the “hinges” in globular proteins. This new proposal broadens a previous hypothesis that globular proteins solve the folding problem in part by filtering conformers with unsatisfied backbone hydrogen bonds, thereby preorganizing the folding population. Recapitulating that hypothesis: unsatisfied conformers would be dramatically destabilizing, shifting the U(nfolded) ⇌ N(ative) equilibrium far to the left. If even a single backbone polar group is satisfied by solvent when unfolded but buried and unsatisfied when folded, that energy penalty alone, approximately +5 kcal/mol, would rival almost the entire free energy of protein stabilization at room temperature. Consequently, globular proteins are built on scaffolds of hydrogen‐bonded α‐helices and/or strands of β‐sheet, motifs that can be extended indefinitely, with intra‐segment hydrogen bond partners for their backbone polar groups and without steric clash. Scaffolds foster a protein‐wide hydrogen‐bonded network, and, of thermodynamic necessity, they self‐assemble cooperatively. Unlike elements of repetitive secondary structure, α‐helices and β‐sheet, a four‐residue β‐turn has only a single hydrogen bond (from i + 3 → i), not a cooperatively formed assembly of hydrogen bonds. As such, turns can form autonomously and are poised to initiate assembly of scaffold elements by bringing them together in an orientation and registration that promotes cooperative “zipping”. The overall effect of this self‐assembly mechanism is to induce substantial preorganization in the thermodynamically accessible folding population and, concomitantly, to reduce the folding entropy.