bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile application development for estimation of permissible load on shallow and deep foundation using SPT data
Authors: Khatri Vishwas Nandkishor , Yadav Jitendra Singh , Sundriyal Shuvam 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the development of an Android Application that aims to calculate the allowable bearing pressure for shallow foundations and safe load on pile foundations using the SPT data. The application was built using Android Studio 2020, utilizing XML for the User Interface and Java for the coding. The application offers support for various foundation types, including strip, square, rectangle, and circular shapes for shallow foundations and circular shape for pile foundations. The in-situ SPT data entered by the user was corrected and then processed to calculate soil properties. Subsequently, the bearing pressure for shallow foundation and safe load on the pile was computed adhering to relevant codes. The developed application was verified by comparing the results with already solved examples in the literature. The developed application may be considered under Intelligence in Geotechnics. The created application will be helpful for field engineers to estimate soil parameters and allowable bearing pressure on-site quickly. As a result, it decreases the amount of time and effort necessary for design and thus eliminates the need to refer to tables, codes, and consultants.
Knowledge dimensions in prototyping: investigating the what, when and how of knowledge generation during product development
Authors: Goudswaard Mark , Real Ric , Snider Chris , Muñoz Camargo Luis Ernesto , Salgado Zamora Nicolas , Hicks Ben 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrototyping is a knowledge generation activity facilitating improved understanding of problem and solution spaces. This knowledge can be generated across a range of dimensions, termedknowledge dimensions (KDs), via a range of methods and media, each with their own inherent properties. This article investigates and characterises the relationships between prototypes and knowledge generated from prototyping activities during the design process, by establishing how different methods and media contribute across KDs. In so doing, it provides insights into prototyping activity, as well as affording a means by which prototyping knowledge generation may be studied in detail. The investigation considers sets of prototypes from eight parallel 16-week design projects, with subsequent investigation of the knowledge contributions that each prototype provides and at what stage of the design process. Results showed statistical significance supporting three inferences: i) teams undertaking the same design brief create similar knowledge profiles; ii) prototyping fidelity impacts KD contribution and iii) KDs align with the different phases of the project. This article demonstrates a means to describe and potentially prescribe knowledge generation activities through prototyping. Correspondingly, the article contends that consideration of KDs offers potential to improve aspects of the design process through better prototyping method selection and sequencing.
Measure-theoretic sequence entropy pairs and mean sensitivity
Authors: GARCÍA-RAMOS FELIPE , MUÑOZ-LÓPEZ VÍCTOR 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe characterize measure-theoretic sequence entropy pairs of continuous actions of abelian groups using mean sensitivity. This addresses an open question of Li and Yu [On mean sensitive tuples. J. Differential Equations297 (2021), 175–200]. As a consequence of our results, we provide a simpler characterization of Kerr and Li’s independence sequence entropy pairs (
$\mu $
-IN-pairs) when the measure is ergodic and the group is abelian.
A novel laser melting sampler for discrete, sub-centimeter depth-resolved analyses of stable water isotopes in ice cores
Authors: Motizuki Yuko , Nakai Yoichi , Takahashi Kazuya , Hirose Junya , Sahoo Yu Vin , Yumoto Masaki , Maruyama Masayuki , Sakashita Michio , Kase Kiwamu , Wada Satoshi , Motoyama Hideaki , Yano Yasushige 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We developed a novel laser melting sampler (LMS) for ice cores to measure the stable water isotope ratios (δ18O and δD) as temperature proxies at sub-centimeter depth resolutions. In this LMS system, a 2 mm diameter movable evacuation nozzle holds an optical fiber through which a laser beam irradiates the ice core. The movable nozzle intrudes into the ice core, the laser radiation meanwhile melts the ice cylindrically, and the meltwater is pumped away simultaneously through the same nozzle and transferred to a vial for analysis. To avoid isotopic fractionation of the ice through vaporization, the laser power is adjusted to ensure that the temperature of the meltwater is always kept well below its boiling point. A segment of a Dome Fuji shallow ice core (Antarctica), using the LMS, was then demonstrated to have been discretely sampled with a depth resolution as small as 3 mm: subsequent analysis of δ18O, δD, and deuterium excess (d) was consistent with results obtained by hand segmentation within measurement uncertainties. With system software to control sampling resolution, the LMS will enable us to identify temperature variations that may be detectable only at sub-centimeter resolutions in ice cores.
A PROOF COMPLEXITY CONJECTURE AND THE INCOMPLETENESS THEOREM
Authors: KRAJÍČEK JAN 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Given a sound first-order p-time theory T capable of formalizing syntax of first-order logic we define a p-time function

$g_T$

that stretches all inputs by one bit and we use its properties to show that T must be incomplete. We leave it as an open problem whether for some T the range of

$g_T$

intersects all infinite

${\mbox {NP}}$

sets (i.e., whether it is a proof complexity generator hard for all proof systems).
A propositional version of the construction shows that at least one of the following three statements is true:

1.
There is no p-optimal propositional proof system (this is equivalent to the non-existence of a time-optimal propositional proof search algorithm).

2.

$E \not \subseteq P/poly$

.

3.
There exists function h that stretches all inputs by one bit, is computable in sub-exponential time, and its range

$Rng(h)$

intersects all infinite

${\text {NP}}$

sets.
Reflections on Constitutional Adjudication in a Democracy
Authors: Paulus Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the necessity for constitutional adjudication in a democracy. Democracy is not the government of the minority by the majority, but self-government of the people in a pluralist society. The article regards constitutional adjudication as a necessary component of a constitutional democracy to preserve self-government and individual rights as a pre-condition for the acceptance of majority decisions by the minority. Thus, constitutional adjudication is needed to uphold the possibility of democratic change and to protect individual rights also against the majority. Recent critique of individual decisions does not change this basic insight and practice of constitutional democracies.
Urban internationalism: Coventry, Kiel, reconstruction and the role of cities in British–German reconciliation, 1945–1949
Authors: Laucht Christoph , Allbeson Tom 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article addresses the beginnings of the twinning relationship between Coventry and Kiel to introduce and exemplify the idea of ‘urban internationalism’ as a new lens onto urban histories of town twinning initiatives and a contribution to the historiography of British town twinning. Focusing on paradiplomatic initiatives by municipal officials, religious dignitaries and other citizens in Coventry and Kiel, the article examines the role that cities played in British–German reconstruction and reconciliation in the period from the end of World War II until the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949.
Numerical Modeling of Earthquake Cycles Based On Navier‐Stokes Equations With Viscoelastic‐Plasticity Rheology
Authors: Yang Haibin , Moresi Louis , Weng Huihui , Giordani Julian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVisco‐elastic‐plastic modeling approaches for long‐term tectonic deformation assume that co‐seismic fault displacement can be integrated over 1000s–10,000s years (tens of earthquake cycles) with the appropriate failure law, and that short‐timescale fluctuations in the stress field due to individual earthquakes have no effect on long‐term behavior. Models of the earthquake rupture process generally assume that the tectonic (long‐range) stress field or kinematic boundary conditions are steady over the course of multiple earthquake cycles. This study is aimed to fill the gap between long‐term and short‐term deformations by modeling earthquake cycles with the rate‐and‐state frictional (RSF) relationship in Navier‐Stokes equations. We reproduce benchmarks at the earthquake timescale to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We then discuss how these high‐resolution models degrade if the time‐step cannot capture the rupture process accurately and, from this, infer when it is important to consider coupling of the two timescales and the level of accuracy required. To build upon these benchmarks, we undertake a generic study of a thrust fault in the crust with a prescribed geometry. It is found that lower crustal rheology affects the periodic time of characteristic earthquake cycles and the inter‐seismic, free‐surface deformation rate. In particular, the relaxation of the surface of a cratonic region (with a relatively strong lower crust) has a characteristic double‐peaked uplift profile that persists for thousands of years after a major slip event. This pattern might be diagnostic of active faults in cratonic regions.
Copper Isotope Fractionation in Archean Hydrothermal Systems: Evidence From the Mesoarchean Carlow Castle Cu‐Co‐Au Deposit
Authors: Fox David C. M. , McGee Lucy E. , Farkaš Juraj , Payne Justin L. , Spinks Samuel C. , Barham Milo , Aspandiar Mehrooz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCopper isotope analysis has emerged as a promising tool for understanding genetic processes in Cu ore deposits. However, applications of this analytical technique to Archean Cu deposits have been extremely limited, even though Archean terranes are among the most economically endowed on Earth. As such, this study presents the first Cu isotope analysis of an Archean Cu deposit, the Mesoarchean Carlow Castle hydrothermal Cu‐Co‐Au deposit. Archean primary Cu sulfide ore samples and Cenozoic supergene Cu ore samples were analyzed. Primary ore samples are isotopically light, with δ65Cu values ranging between −0.80 ± 0.02‰ and 0.00 ± 0.007‰, whilst supergene samples are isotopically heavier and range between −0.50 ± 0.01‰ and 0.62 ± 0.005‰. In primary ore samples, a relationship is observed between the Cu isotope signature, ore grade, and alteration assemblage that records the isotopic and physicochemical evolution of the Carlow Castle deposit's hydrothermal ore‐forming system. A mafic igneous source is suggested as a metal source in the Carlow Castle Cu‐Co‐Au deposit. The limited heavy isotopic fractionation of supergene Cu ore samples in this study is interpreted to reflect limited redox cycling of Cu due to in situ oxidative weathering of vein‐hosted Cu sulfides in the overlying Cenozoic supergene system. This differs from previously studied deposits where significant Cu transport and multiple stages of isotopic enrichment are often evident in supergene Cu enrichment layers. The results of this study suggest that Cu isotope analysis could be valuable in understanding genetic processes in hydrothermal Cu deposits, including Archean ore deposits and terranes.
Magnetic Reconnection in the Martian Magnetotail: Occurrence Rate and Impact on Ion Loss
Authors: Wang Lei , Huang Can , Du Aimin , Ge Yasong , Chen Guo , Fan Jinqiao , Qin Jipeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current sheet is crucial in releasing magnetic free energy in cosmic plasmas via fast magnetic reconnection or wave excitation. This research investigates the characteristics of the Martian tail current sheet by analyzing data acquired from the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft over 7 years. For the first time, we find that approximately 15% of the current sheet events display reconnection signatures, including Hall magnetic fields and fast proton flows. These reconnecting current sheets are detected more frequently on Mars than on Earth. The Martian tail current sheet is first demonstrated to be on the proton scale, which can explain the high reconnection occurrence rate. The research also reveals that the current sheets are thinner in regions closer to Mars and in the –E hemisphere. On average, reconnecting current sheets carry high fluxes of protons rather than oxygen ions.
Understanding the Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Subpolar Overturning in Different Resolution Versions of HadGEM3‐GC3.1
Authors: Petit T. , Robson J. , Ferreira D. , Jackson L. C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component of the global climate but is not simulated consistently across models or model resolutions. Here, we use a hierarchy of the global coupled model HadGEM3‐GC3.1, with ocean resolutions of 1°, ¼°, and 1/12°, to evaluate the subpolar AMOC and its sensitivity to horizontal resolution. In line with observations, the models show that the mean overturning and surface forced water mass transformation (SFWMT) are concentrated in the eastern subpolar gyre rather than in the Labrador Sea. However, the magnitude of the overturning along the OSNAP line at medium and high resolutions is 25% and 40% larger than in the observations, respectively. This disagreement in overturning strength is noted for both OSNAP East and OSNAP West, and is mainly due to anomalously large SFWMT rather than anomalously large interior mixing or overflow transport from the Nordic Seas. Over the Labrador Sea, the intensification of SFWMT with resolution is explained by a combination of two main biases. Anomalously warm surface water enhances heat loss and reduces the extension of marginal sea ice, which increases the surface density flux over the boundary of the basin. A bias in salinity leads to anomalously dense surface water that shifts the outcropping area of the AMOC isopycnal and results in intense dense water formation along the boundary of the basin at medium and high resolutions. Thus, our analysis sheds light on a range of model biases responsible for large overturning over the Labrador Sea in climate models.
Characterizing the mutational burden, DNA methylation landscape, and proteome of germ cell tumor-related somatic-type malignancies to identify the tissue-of-origin, mechanisms of therapy resistance, and druggable targets
Authors: Bremmer Felix , Pongratanakul Pailin , Skowron Margaretha , Che Yue , Richter Annika , Küffer Stefan , Reuter-Jessen Kirsten , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Pauls Stella , Kresbach Catena , Schüller Ulrich , Stühler Kai , Ströbel Philipp , Albers Peter , Nettersheim Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Germ cell tumors (GCT) might undergo transformation into a somatic-type malignancy (STM), resulting in a cell fate switch to tumors usually found in somatic tissues, such as rhabdomyosarcomas or adenocarcinomas. STM is associated with a poor prognosis, but the molecular and epigenetic mechanisms triggering STM are still enigmatic, the tissue-of-origin is under debate and biomarkers are lacking.

Methods
To address these questions, we characterized a unique cohort of STM tissues on mutational, epigenetic and protein level using modern and high-throughput methods like TSO assays, 850k DNA methylation arrays and mass spectrometry.

Results and conclusions
For the first time, we show that based on DNA methylation and proteome data carcinoma-related STM more closely resemble yolk-sac tumors, while sarcoma-related STM resemble teratoma. STM harbor mutations in FGF signaling factors (FGF6/23, FGFR1/4) highlighting the corresponding pathway as a therapeutic target. Furthermore, STM utilize signaling pathways, like AKT, FGF, MAPK, and WNT to mediate molecular functions coping with oxidative stress, toxin transport, DNA helicase activity, apoptosis and the cell cycle. Collectively, these data might explain the high therapy resistance of STM. Finally, we identified putative novel biomarkers secreted by STM, like EFEMP1, MIF, and DNA methylation at specific CpG dinucleotides.
Increased MCL1 dependency leads to new applications of BH3-mimetics in drug-resistant neuroblastoma
Authors: Jacob Maureen , Wiedemann Sara , Brücher Daniela , Pieper Nadja M. , Birkhold Moni , Särchen Vinzenz , Jeroch Jan , Demes Melanie C. , Gretser Steffen , Braun Yannick , Gradhand Elise , Rothweiler Florian , Michaelis Martin , Cinatl Jindrich , Vogler Meike 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer that is characterised by poor prognosis for chemoresistant disease, highlighting the need for better treatment options. Here, we asked whether BH3-mimetics inhibiting BCL2 proteins may eliminate chemoresistant neuroblastoma cells.

Methods
We utilised cisplatin-adapted neuroblastoma cell lines as well as patient tissues before and after relapse to study alterations of BCL2 proteins upon chemoresistance.

Results
In a direct comparison of cisplatin-resistant cells we identified a prominent loss of sensitivity to BCL2/BCL-XL inhibitors that is associated with an increase in MCL1 dependency and high expression of MCL1 in patient tumour tissues. Screening of FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs in chemoresistant cells identified therapeutics that may be beneficial in combination with the clinically tested BH3-mimetic ABT263, but no synergistic drug interactions with the selective MCL1 inhibitor S63845. Further exploration of potential treatment options for chemoresistant neuroblastoma identified immunotherapy based on NK cells as highly promising, since NK cells are able to efficiently kill both parental and chemoresistant cells.

Conclusions
These data highlight that the application of BH3-mimetics may differ between first line treatment and relapsed disease. Combination of NK cell-based immunotherapy with BH3-mimetics may further increase killing of chemoresistant neuroblastoma, outlining a new treatment strategy for relapsed neuroblastoma.
β2-AR inhibition enhances EGFR antibody efficacy hampering the oxidative stress response machinery
Authors: Del Vecchio Vitale , Mele Luigi , Panda Sameer Kumar , Sanchez-Pajares Ibone Rubio , Mosca Laura , Tirino Virginia , Barbieri Massimiliano , Bruzzese Francesca , Luciano Antonio , Marino Federica Zito , Accardo Marina , Nicoletti Giovanni Francesco , Papaccio Gianpaolo , Barbieri Antonio , Desiderio Vincenzo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-ARs) is a cell membrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) physiologically involved in stress-related response. In many cancers, the β2-ARs signaling drives the tumor development and transformation, also promoting the resistance to the treatments. In HNSCC cell lines, the β2-AR selective inhibition synergistically amplifies the cytotoxic effect of the MEK 1/2 by affecting the p38/NF-kB oncogenic pathway and contemporary reducing the NRF-2 mediated antioxidant cell response. In this study, we aimed to validate the anti-tumor effect of β2-AR blockade and the synergism with MEK/ERK and EGFR pathway inhibition in a pre-clinical orthotopic mouse model of HNSCC. Interestingly, we found a strong β2-ARs expression in the tumors that were significantly reduced after prolonged treatment with β2-Ars inhibitor (ICI) and EGFR mAb Cetuximab (CTX) in combination. The β2-ARs down-regulation correlated in mice with a significant tumor growth delay, together with the MAPK signaling switch-off caused by the blockade of the MEK/ERK phosphorylation. We also demonstrated that the administration of ICI and CTX in combination unbalanced the cell ROS homeostasis by blocking the NRF-2 nuclear translocation with the relative down-regulation of the antioxidant enzyme expression. Our findings highlighted for the first time, in a pre-clinical in vivo model, the efficacy of the β2-ARs inhibition in the treatment of the HNSCC, remarkably in combination with CTX, which is the standard of care for unresectable HNSCC.
Correlative CD4 and CD8 T-cell immunodominance in humans and mice: Implications for preclinical testing
Authors: Neto Tertuliano Alves Pereira , Sidney John , Grifoni Alba , Sette Alessandro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAntigen-specific T-cell recognition is restricted by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, and differences between CD4 and CD8 immunogenicity in humans and animal species used in preclinical vaccine testing are yet to be fully understood. In this study, we addressed this matter by analyzing experimentally identified epitopes based on published data curated in the Immune Epitopes DataBase (IEDB) database. We first analyzed SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleoprotein (N), which are two common targets of the immune response and well studied in both human and mouse systems. We observed a weak but statistically significant correlation between human and H-2bmouse T-cell responses (CD8 S specific (r = 0.206,p = 1.37 × 10−13); CD4 S specific (r = 0.118,p = 2.63 × 10−5) and N specific (r = 0.179,p = 2.55 × 10−4)). Due to intrinsic differences in MHC molecules across species, we also investigated the association between the immunodominance of common Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles for which HLA transgenic mice are available, namely, A*02:01, B*07:02, DRB1*01:01, and DRB1*04:01, and found higher significant correlations for both CD8 and CD4 (maximumr = 0.702,p = 1.36 × 10−31andr = 0.594,p = 3.04−122, respectively). Our results further indicated that some regions are commonly immunogenic between humans and mice (either H-2bor HLA transgenic) but that others are human specific. Finally, we noted a significant correlation between CD8 and CD4 S- (r = 0.258,p = 7.33 × 1021) and N-specific (r = 0.369,p = 2.43 × 1014) responses, suggesting that discrete protein subregions can be simultaneously recognized by T cells. These findings were confirmed in other viral systems, providing general guidance for the use of murine models to test T-cell immunogenicity of viral antigens destined for human use.
A comparative study of postnatal anthropometric growth in very preterm infants and intrauterine growth
Authors: Chou Fu-Sheng , Yeh Hung-Wen , Clark Reese H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost growth references for very preterm infants were developed using measurements taken at birth, and were thought to represent intrauterine growth. However, it remains unclear whether the goal of approximating an intrauterine growth rate as stated by the American Academy of Pediatrics is attainable by very preterm infants. Using real-world measurement data from very preterm infants born between 2010 through 2020, we develop models to characterize the patterns of postnatal growth, and compare them to intrauterine growth. By assessing the weight growth rate, we show three phases of postnatal growth not evident in intrauterine growth. Furthermore, postnatal length and head circumference growth exhibit a slow rate after birth, followed by an acceleration. Collectively, postnatal and intrauterine growth are distinctly different. Although postnatal growth models do not represent optimal growth of very preterm infants, they can serve as a practical tool for clinical assessment of growth and for nutrition research.