bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A landscape of β-Ga2O3 Schottky power diodes
Authors: Wong Man Hoi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes have undergone rapid progress in research and development for power electronic applications. This paper reviews state-of-the-art β-Ga2O3 rectifier technologies, including advanced diode architectures that have enabled lower reverse leakage current via the reduced-surface-field effect. Characteristic device properties including on-resistance, breakdown voltage, rectification ratio, dynamic switching, and nonideal effects are summarized for the different devices. Notable results on the high-temperature resilience of β-Ga2O3 Schottky diodes, together with the enabling thermal packaging solutions, are also presented.
Fluorination-mitigated high-current degradation of amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Li Jiye , Liu Fayang , Luo Dongxiang , Wang Yunping , Zhang Shengdong , Lu Lei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As growing applications demand higher driving currents of oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs), severe instabilities and even hard breakdown under high-current stress (HCS) become critical challenges. In this work, the triggering voltage of HCS-induced self-heating (SH) degradation is defined in the output characteristics of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) TFTs, and used to quantitatively evaluate the thermal generation process of channel donor defects. The fluorinated a-IGZO (a-IGZO:F) was adopted to effectively retard the triggering of the self-heating (SH) effect, and was supposed to originate from the less population of initial deep-state defects and a slower rate of thermal defect transition in a-IGZO:F. The proposed scheme noticeably enhances the high-current applications of oxide TFTs.
Acute Toxicity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome
Authors: Siska S , Bariroh T , Supandi S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Kaempferia galanga L. (KG) rhizome has a long history of being used as a variety of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, sedative, antibacterial, and anti-cancer compounds. The KG rhizomes have the potential to be an effective complementary medicine, but their use must be completely safe. This study examines the acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of KG (EAFKG) with parameters of blood chemistry value, and liver and kidney histological morphology. 40 DDY strain mice, consisting of males and females with weights ranging from 20-35 g, were used in this study. The mice are divided into four groups for each sex. Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 received the EAFKG at a dose of 0.128; 0.64; 3.2; and 16 g/Kg BW, respectively, and were administered orally. Observations are carried out for 24 hours. The levels of serum creatinine, AST, and ALT were detected with a clinical spectrophotometer. According to the test results, both male and female mouse groups had no fatalities. The EAFKG rhizome is practically non-toxic (LD50 > 15 g/Kg BW). There is no significant difference in AST, ALT, and serum creatinine levels at any dose group than the control group. EAFKG administration affects liver and kidney cells at high doses but does not cause lethality.
Ultrasonic Flow Meters and Microcontrollers for Precise Water Management with 6.45% Error Margin
Authors: Jamaaluddin  , Akbar A , Khoiri  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Water management is crucial for human life, and precise measurement instruments are necessary to ensure efficient utilization. This study aimed to develop a water usage management system using ultrasonic flow meters and microcontrollers. The measurement results were displayed on a screen and sent via modbus to remote devices. To validate the accuracy of the system, a comparison between ultrasonic and manual flow meters was conducted, showing an error value of 6.45%. The implication of this study is the potential use of this system for water consumption control and transmission over long distances, contributing to sustainable water management.
Eco Enzyme (EE) as a Novel Approach for Bone Mineral Dissolution: Implications for Organic Fertilizer Production
Authors: Ratih Y W , Widodo R A , Peniwiratri L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the potential of Eco Enzyme (EE) in dissolving bone minerals (Ca, P, and N) and its implications for organic fertilizer production. EE was produced through a three-month incubation of water, molasses, and organic waste in a 10:1:3 ratio in an airtight container. The characterization of EE involved the analysis of pH, acid and sugar concentration, protease activity, and the enumeration of non-selective bacteria, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and yeast. Results indicated a higher population of LAB compared to non-selective bacteria and yeast, with final counts of log 7.31 CFU/mL, log 6.88 CFU/mL, and log 6.68 CFU/mL respectively. The pH of EE decreased from 5.7 to 3.45, while acid concentration increased from 0.1% to 2.15%, predominantly lactic acid. Fructose was the most prevalent sugar, decreasing from 4% to 0.9% during fermentation. Protease activity was measured at 15.41 U.mL-1. The study confirmed EE’s capability to dissolve bone minerals, suggesting its potential as a mineral-rich liquid organic fertilizer. This novel approach could provide a sustainable solution for organic waste management and contribute to the global efforts towards sustainable agriculture.
Bio-failure or Bio-fuel? Economic Feasibility of Converting Palm Oil Waste to Biogas
Authors: I Prihatiningtyas D. S. , Heryadi E , Arimbi G , Hermanto  
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the economic feasibility of using an Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor to convert liquid waste from palm oil processing plants into biogas containing methane. The study examined total capital investment (TCI), working capital investment (WCI), and production costs at different capacities (3, 30, and 300 liters per day) to determine if the process could generate a profit. The results showed that the biogas production from palm oil industrial liquid waste using the UASB reactor did not result in a profit due to the large capital costs and low biogas production. The implication of this study is that further research is needed to find ways to reduce the capital costs of the process and increase biogas production to make it economically feasible.
Optimization of FSW parameters on bio-inspired jigsaw suture patterns to improve the tensile strength of dissimilar thermoplastics
Authors: M Raguramsingh , M Suresh , S Arivazhagan , T Ganapathy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the Tensile Strength (TSFSW) of dissimilar thermoplastic joints by utilizing a bio-inspired jig saw suture and optimizing the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) limits are Traverse Speed (TS) and Plunge Depth (PD) and Rotational Speed (RS) at three varied levels. Statistical analysis, response surface methodology (RSM), and experimental validation were involved in achieving the research objectives. The outcomes showed that the TS and PD parameters had a higher significance on Tensile Strength compared to RS. The RSM prediction results were validated through experiments, achieving an extreme Tensile Strength of 11.1 MPa with a low error percentage. The best values of the FSW limits were found to be Rotational Speed (RS) of 1200 rpm, Plunge Depth (PD) of 0.37 mm, and Traverse Speed (TS) of 49.39 mm min−1. The formulated mathematical model with regression co-efficient R2 of 0.96 and RSM proved effective in predicting the optimal FSW parameters and achieving superior TSFSW. These findings prove that combination design can be reliably applied to optimise with a 95% confidence interval. The optical microscope and SEM morphological results in this study make congruently accurate predictions for the joint of the tensile fracture zone. These findings contribute to the advanced FSW techniques for dissimilar thermoplastic joints, providing insights for industrial applications requiring strong and reliable joints.
An overview of secretion in floral bracts of Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), with emphasis on the secretory scales
Authors: Ballego-Campos Igor , Forzza Rafaela C , Paiva Élder A S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Bromeliaceae display many water-use strategies, from leaf impounding tanks to Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis and absorbing trichomes. Recent studies show that trichomes in inflorescences of bromeliads can exude viscous secretions, protecting against various stresses, including excessive water loss. In light of this, and considering the knowledge gap regarding inflorescence trichomes in bromeliads, we aimed to investigate the presence, source and chemical nature of inflorescence secretions in species of the Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) and to describe the anatomy of their floral bracts focusing on trichome structure and position. We conducted a prospection of secretory activity and anatomy in floral bracts in 52 species of Tillandsioideae and 1 early divergent Bromeliaceae species. We used histochemical tests to investigate the presence and nature of secretion combined with standard light microscopy methods. Secretion appears in all studied species of tribe Vrieseeae, in Guzmania species, Wallisia cyanea, Tillandsia streptopylla (Tillandsieae) and Catopsis morreniana (Catopsideae). It is absent in Vriesea guttata (Vrieseeae), Racinaea crispa and various Tillandsia species (Tillandsieae). Secretion is produced by peltate trichomes on the adaxial surface of young bracts and comprises hydrophilic and lipophilic substances. Bract anatomy revealed an internal mucilage-secreting tissue with wide distribution within the subtribe Vrieseinae. Our results point to a broad occurrence of secretion associated with bracteal scales in inflorescences of Tillandsioideae. Secretory function is strongly related to trichomes of the adaxial surface, whereas the indumentum of the abaxial side is lacking or likely associated with water absorption; the latter case is especially related to small, xeric plants. Exudates might engage in colleter-like roles, protecting against desiccation, high-radiation and herbivores. Directions for future research are presented.
De novo design of anti-variant COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Goswami Arpita , Kumar Madan , Ullah Samee , Gore Milind M 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent studies highlight the effectiveness of hybrid Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines combining wild-type nucleocapsid and Spike proteins. We have further enhanced this strategy by incorporating delta and omicron variants’ spike protein mutations. Both delta and omicron mark the shifts in viral transmissibility and severity in unvaccinated and vaccinated patients. So their mutations are highly crucial for future viral variants also. Omicron is particularly adept at immune evasion by mutating spike epitopes. The rapid adaptations of Omicron and sub-variants to spike-based vaccines and simultaneous transmissibility underline the urgency for new vaccines in the continuous battle against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we have added three persistent T-cell-stimulating nucleocapsid peptides similar to homologous sequences from seasonal Human Coronaviruses (HuCoV) and an envelope peptide that elicits a strong T-cell immune response. These peptides are clustered in the hybrid spike’s cytoplasmic region with non-immunogenic linkers, enabling systematic arrangement. AlphaFold (Artificial intelligence-based model building) analysis suggests omitting the transmembrane domain enhances these cytoplasmic epitopes’ folding efficiency which can ensure persistent immunity for CD4+ structural epitopes. Further molecular dynamics simulations validate the compact conformation of the modeled structures and a flexible C-terminus region. Overall, the structures show stability and less conformational fluctuation throughout the simulation. Also, the AlphaFold predicted structural epitopes maintained their folds during simulation to ensure the specificity of CD4+ T-cell response after vaccination. Our proposed approach may provide options for incorporating diverse anti-viral T-cell peptides, similar to HuCoV, into linker regions. This versatility can be promising to address outbreaks and challenges posed by various viruses for effective management in this era of innovative vaccines.
A-003 Point of Care BNP Values Obtained by the Abbott i-STAT are not Interchangeable With Laboratory Determined Values Using Beckman DXI 800 Analyzer
Authors: Zinn K , Boyd M , Dasgupta A 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is used as a biomarker of heart failure. In our hospital, point of care (POCT) BNP test is performed on whole blood using the i-STAT (Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) while in clinical laboratory, the DXI 800 analyzer is used (Beckman, Brea, CA) for determination of BNP in EDTA plasma. Sometimes clinicians interchangeably use POCT BNP with laboratory BNP test for monitoring heart failure patients, but values are sometimes significantly different causing diagnostic confusion. We compared POCT BNP values in 88 patients with laboratory-based BNP values analyzed between less than one hour to less than 12 h. In addition, 12 specimens were simultaneously analyzed for POCT BNP and lab-based BNP. No additional blood was drawn from patients and medical record was not accessed. The study had exempt status: by the IRB of University of Kansas Medical Center.

Methods
POCT BNP values were obtained using the i-STAT analyzer following manufacturer’s protocol. It is a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with an analytical measurement range of 15–5000 pg/mL. In the laboratory BNP concentrations were obtained using the DXI 800 analyzer. It is also a sandwich immunoassay with the analytical measurement range of 5–5000 pg/mL.

Results
Overall comparison using lab-based BNP as x-axis and POCT BNP as y-axis produced the following regression equation; y = 1.48 x − 23.45 (n = 88, r = 0.96) indicating that although POCT BNP values correlated well with lab-based BNP values, POCT values showed an average 48% positive bias. When specimens analyzed within 4 h were compared, the regression equation was: y = 1.40 x + 74.12 (n = 20, r = 91) and when specimens analyzed within 1 h were compared, the regression equation was: y = 1.56 + 59.0 (n = 23, r = 0.97). In contrast, when 12 specimens were analyzed simultaneously using POCT and lab-based BNP, using x-axis as the lab-based BNP and y-axis as the POCT BNP, the following regression equation was observed: y = 1.83 x − 102.8 (n = 12, r = 0.99).

Conclusion
Higher positive bias in specimens analyzed simultaneously indicates true positive bias with POCT BNP compared to lab-based BNP because lab-based BNP in real patients were ordered later after POCT BNP. To our knowledge i-STAT BNP values were never compared with DXI 800 BNP values. We communicated with our clinicians not to use lab-based BNP test and POCT BNP in monitoring patients being treated for heart failure interchangeably. POCT BNP can be used for initial screening to identify potential patients with heart failure.
A-006 Evaluation of the ADVIA Centaur NT-proBNPII Assay Vs Standard-of-care Natriuretic Peptide Testing in the Emergency Department
Authors: Snyder J , Bermel S , Brown C , Cooper C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The Siemens Healthineers ADVIA Centaur® NT-proBNPII (PBNPII) assay* was developed for in vitro diagnostic use in the quantitative determination of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in human serum and plasma (EDTA and lithium heparin) using the ADVIA Centaur XP Immunoassay System. Siemens Healthineers performed a clinical study to evaluate the ADVIA Centaur XP PBNPII assay in an Emergency Department (ED) patient population. The study also involved collection of standard-of-care (SOC) natriuretic peptide (NP) results, either NT-proBNP or BNP.

Objective
To compare results from the ADVIA Centaur PBNPII assay in ED populations with SOC NP results and adjudicated diagnosis of heart failure.

Methods
3128 subjects were enrolled from 30 ED sites. Blood was collected at time of enrollment for subsequent ADVIA Centaur PBNPII measurement; results from SOC NP testing were obtained from chart review. Available SOC testing was performed within 24 h of enrollment draw for all except four patients. Adjudication of acute HF (de novo or worsening) or non-acute HF was determined by an independent central adjudication panel of expert clinicians.

Results
Of the 3128 patients in the ED study, 1646 (52.6%) had an SOC BNP test performed, 1020 (32.6%) had an SOC NT-proBNP test performed, and 462 (14.8%) had neither. Agreement between the SOC NP results and PBNPII results was assessed based on concordance using cutoffs described in heart failure guidelines that include an indeterminate zone (1). For those tested with SOC NT-proBNP, there was 94.7% concordance, 5% partial concordance (indeterminate by one assay and positive or negative by the other), and 0.3% discordance. For those tested with SOC BNP, there was 73.8% concordance, 25.5% partial concordance, and 0.7% discordance. Agreement with adjudication was virtually identical for both the PBNPII assay and SOC PBNP at 63% concordance, 17% partial concordance, and 20% discordance. For those tested with SOC BNP, there was 63% concordance, 29.5% partial concordance, and 7.5% discordance, while in this same population the PBNPII assay had 67.8% concordance, 15.7% partial concordance, and 16.5% discordance.

Conclusion
Upon comparison of ADVIA Centaur PBNPII assay results to SOC NP testing in an ED population, Siemens Healthineers concludes that the ADVIA Centaur PBNPII assay performs similarly to commercial natriuretic peptide assays in routine use. These results agree with publications comparing diagnostic testing of NT-proBNP and BNP for suspected heart failure (2).

*Disclaimer
The products/features mentioned herein are not commercially available in all countries. Their future availability cannot be guaranteed.
A-011 High Sensitive Troponin Assays for Differentiating the Patients with Unstable Angina from Stable Angina
Authors: Kim Y , Cho H , Kim S , Lee H , Kwon H , Lee J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There have been no cardiac biomarkers used in the diagnosis of unstable angina. In this study, we examined high sensitive troponin T and I as a marker to differentiate the patients with unstable angina from the patients with stable angina.

Methods
A total of 816 patients (59 AMI, 94 unstable angina, 99 stable angina, 623 healthy individuals) were included. All patients had glomerular filtration rate of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Leftover serum samples were obtained from the patients who visited The Catholic University of Korea, St Vincent’s Hospital from April to November, 2019. Cardiac troponin was measured using Beckman Coulter Access high sensitivity cTnI assay, Abbott Architect high sensitive TnI assay, and Roche Elecsys Troponin T-high sensitive assay.

Results
The 99th percentile URLs (Upper Reference Limits) of Beckman Coulter cTnI, Abbott cTnI, and Roche cTnT are 9.8 ng/L, 17.9 ng/L, and 16.4 ng/L, respectively. In the 99 patients with stable angina, 9.1% (9/99), 5.1% (5/99), and 6.1% (6/99) of the patients showed higher values than each the 99th percentile URL with Beckman Coulter cTnI, Abbott cTnI, and Roche cTnT, respectively. In the 94 patients with unstable angina, 24.5% (23/94), 24.5% (23/94), and 25.5% (24/94) showed higher values than each the 99th percentile URL with Beckman Coulter cTnI, Abbott cTnI, and Roche cTnT, respectively. There are significant differences between the frequencies of the patients with stable angina and unstable angina showing higher values of cardiac troponins than each the 99th percentile URL.

Conclusion
High sensitive troponins could be a useful marker for the differentiation of the patients with unstable angina from stable angina.
A-020 Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of BNP and NT-proBNP Assays on the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer
Authors: Rhea-McManus J , Ozgen N , Leipold H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The Atellica® CI 1900 Analyzer is an automated, high-throughput integrated chemistry and immunoassay analyzer employing both Atellica CH and Atellica IM assays. This study was designed to evaluate the analytical performance of the Atellica IM B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP (PBNP) assays* on the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer.

Methods
The Atellica CI 1900 BNP and PBNP assays use the same reagents and calibrators as the Atellica IM assays. Precision and method comparison were used as performance indicators for the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer. Precision studies were performed according to CLSI EP05-A3 and method comparison according to CLSI EP09-A3 using native and contrived human plasma (BNP) and serum (PBNP) samples. One aliquot of each sample pool was tested in duplicate in two runs per day &gt;2 h apart on each analyzer for &gt;20 days. BNP and PBNP were evaluated with one reagent lot on two systems. For the method comparison, individual native and contrived human plasma samples (BNP) or native human serum samples (PBNP) were analyzed using the Atellica IM BNP and PBNP assays on both the Atellica IM and Atellica CI 1900 Analyzers.

Results
Representative precision and MC results for each assay are listed in the table. For the two assays tested, repeatability and within-lab %CVs were &lt;2.5% and &lt;3.0%, respectively. Slopes determined by the Deming linear regression model were approximately equal to 1.

Conclusion
Evaluation of the Atellica IM BNP and PBNP assays using the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer demonstrated acceptable precision and equivalent performance compared to the same assays on the Atellica IM Analyzer.
A-024 Evaluation of the Analytical Performance of Thyroid-stimulating Hormone, Free Triiodothyronine, and Free Thyroxine Assays on the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer
Authors: Zhang H , Quintanilla M , Guo M , Rhea-McManus J , Leipold H 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The Atellica® CI 1900 Analyzer is an automated, mid-throughput integrated chemistry and immunoassay analyzer utilizing both Atellica CH and Atellica IM assays. This study evaluated the analytical performance of the Atellica IM Thyroid Stimulating Hormone 3 Ultra™ (TSH3-UL), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), and Free Thyroxine (FT4) assays* on the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer.

Methods
The Atellica CI 1900 TSH3-UL, FT3, and FT4 assays use the same reagents and calibrators as the Atellica IM assays. Precision and method comparison studies were performed according to CLSI EP05-A3 and CLSI EP09-A3 using native and contrived human serum (TSH3-UL, FT3, and FT4) and plasma (TSH3-UL) samples. One aliquot of each sample pool was tested in duplicate in two runs per day &gt;2 h apart on each analyzer for ≥20 days. FT3 and FT4 were evaluated with one reagent lot on two systems. TSH3-UL was evaluated with two reagent lots on two systems. For the method comparison, individual native human serum samples were analyzed using the Atellica IM TSH3-UL, FT3, and FT4 assays on both the Atellica IM and Atellica CI 1900 Analyzers.

Results
Representative precision and MC results are listed for each assay in the table. Slopes determined by the Deming linear regression model were approximately equal to 1.

Conclusion
Evaluation of the Atellica IM TSH3-UL, FT3, and FT4 assays using the Atellica CI 1900 Analyzer demonstrated good precision and equivalent performance compared to the same assays on the Atellica IM Analyzer.
*The products/features mentioned herein are not commercially available in all countries. Their future availability cannot be guaranteed.