bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atazanavir-induced unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia prevents vascular hyporeactivity during experimental human endotoxemia
Authors: Dorresteijn Mirrin J. , Dekker Douwe , Zwaag Jelle , Heemskerk Suzanne , Roelofs Hennie M.J. , Smits Paul , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Wagener Frank A.D.T.G. , Pickkers Peter 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveInflammation-induced free radical release is important in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including atherosclerosis and sepsis. Heme oxygenase (HO) breaks down heme into carbon monoxide, iron, and biliverdin. Biliverdin IXα is directly converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Unconjugated bilirubin is a powerful antioxidant, and elevated levels have beneficial effects in preclinical models and human cardiovascular disease. However, its impact during acute inflammation in humans is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the impact of atazanavir-induced (unconjugated) hyperbilirubinemia on antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in human experimental endotoxemia.Approach and resultsFollowing double-blinded four-day treatment with atazanavir 2dd300 mg (or placebo), twenty healthy male volunteers received 2 ng/kg Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intravenously. Blood was drawn to determine the bilirubin levels, antioxidant capacity, and cytokine response. It was demonstrated that following atazanavir treatment, total bilirubin concentrations increased to maximum values of 4.67 (95%CI 3.91-5.59) compared to 0.82 (95%CI 0.64-1.07) mg/dL in the control group (p&lt;0.01). Furthermore, the anti-oxidant capacity, as measured by the ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), was significantly increased with 36% in hyperbilirubinemia subjects (p&lt;0.0001), and FRAP concentrations correlated strongly to bilirubin concentrations (R2 = 0.77, p&lt;0.001). Hyperbilirubinemia attenuated the release of interleukin-10 from 377 (95%CI 233-609) to 219 (95%CI 152-318) pg/mL (p=0.01), whereas the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines remained unaltered. In vitro, in the absence of hyperbilirubinemia, atazanavir did not influence lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine release in a whole blood assay. Vascular function was assessed using forearm venous occlusion plethysmography after intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine and nitroglycerin. Hyperbilirubinemia completely prevented the LPS-associated blunted vascular response to acetylcholine and nitroglycerin.ConclusionsAtazanavir-induced hyperbilirubinemia increases antioxidant capacity, attenuates interleukin-10 release, and prevents vascular hyporesponsiveness during human systemic inflammation elicited by experimental endotoxemia.Clinical trial registrationhttp://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT00916448.
Distribution of genetic diversity of neotropical Biomphalaria (Preston 1910) (Basommatophora: Planorbidae) intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis in Southeast Brazil
Authors: Palasio Raquel Gardini Sanches , Chiaravalloti-Neto Francisco , Tuan Roseli 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionBiomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila, and B. straminea occurrence are crucial for estimating the risk of infectious human schistosomiasis in the neotropics. How different geographic sample strategies influence snail genetic diversity estimations were here investigated for three Schistosoma mansoni hosts.MethodsMitochondrial gene sequences were employed for Cytochrome C Oxidase I (COI), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 16S, and a dataset with concatenated gene sequences (COI+16S), resulting in an improved scientific hypothesis regarding the geographical distribution of snail species. This study compared the sequences of snails from the Middle Paranapanema (MP) hydrographic basin in a geographically restricted area (inner group) to snails widely distributed across a broad geographical range in São Paulo (outer group), Brazil from 1999 to 2017. DNA sequence polymorphisms and haplotype diversity were estimated using DNAsp software. Haplotype network trees were constructed using a network program. The geographical distribution of the haplotypes was mapped using QGIS. Haplotype variation and distribution were tested for population structure using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA).Results and discussionThe genetic diversity of B. glabrata, sampled from disconnected but geographically close freshwater collections, was partitioned into two sequence groups. The haplotype network showed that the diversity of B. straminea was more spatially partitioned than in B. tenagophila, which exhibited two population groups. The haplotype distribution pattern for B. tenagophila showed many unique and exclusive haplotypes for all three loci. AMOVA showed that genetic diversity could be high in species inhabiting small geographical areas, and a large river is not a local geographical barrier for snail migration. This study found that the survey dimensions and snail samplings influenced the genetic diversity results obtained by mitochondrial DNA molecular markers.
Distributions, sources, and air-sea fluxes of nitrous oxide in Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Wang Zhi , Gu Ting , Wen Yujian , Cui XuDong , Jia Dai , Sun Jun 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPolluted bays are one of the critical areas for the production and emissions of marine nitrous oxide (N2O), which has a strong effect on global warming and plays a critical role in stratospheric ozone depletion.MethodsIn 2020, the distributions of N2O concentrations and emissions in the water column of Bohai Bay (BHB) were surveyed during two cruises.Results and discussionThe average N2O concentrations were higher in summer compared to autumn, with the oversaturation of N2O in both seasons. A declining gradient of N2O was found from the Hai River and Yellow River estuarine areas to the offshore sea, particularly in summer, implying riverine input was an important source of N2O. The vertical distribution of N2O was uniform in each season owing to the vertical mixing of water columns in the offshore sea, with N2O hotspots at the bottom of the two estuaries in summer and at the surface of the Hai River estuary in autumn. Moreover, the dominant sources of dissolved N2O were analyzed. N2O in the water column was predominately produced by nitrification and coupled nitrification-denitrification on suspended particulate matter. The mixing of water masses, particularly polluted water masses from coastal input, provides high N2O to the entire area of BHB, particularly in summer. Notably, nutrient and organic matter input from the coast could also indirectly drive N2O production by stimulating microbe activities of nitrification and denitrification under the water currents. In addition, statistical analysis revealed that ammonium, dissolved oxygen, and temperature were the dominant controlling factors of N2O in BHB. The annual flux of N2O in BHB was evaluated to be 6.5 Gg, accounting for 0.15% of the global oceanic N2O emission with 0.0044% of the global ocean area. Hence, as a typical polluted bay, BHB acted as a strong N2O source to the atmosphere on a per-unit-area basis.
Comparative analysis of outcomes following craniotomy and expanded endoscopic endonasal approach resection of tuberculum sellae meningiomas: a single-institution study
Authors: Feng Zhenguang , Li Chuzhong , Cao Lei , Liu Chunhui , Qiao Ning , Wu Wentao , Ma Guofo , Gui Songbai 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundTraditionally, supratentorial craniotomy has been used to sever tuberculum sellae meningiomas (TSMs), but there has been a remarkably increasing tendency of extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEEA) used to treat TSMs in the recent decade. Several documents have described the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, but there is no consensus on whether one is superior to the other.ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare surgical outcomes between craniotomy and EEEA for TSMS treated at our institution.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2021, a total of 84 cases of TSMs were included in this study. Cases were separated into two groups: the craniotomy group and the EEEA group. Their anamneses and surgical records were reviewed. Demographic data, presenting symptoms, tumor volume, extent of resection, visual outcomes, and follow-up data were tabulated. The Kaplan–Meier curves were constructed for the PFS for both cohorts.ResultsComplete data were available for 84 surgeries; 39 cases were treated via craniotomy, and 45 were treated via EEEA. Patient demographic data, pre-operative symptoms, and tumor characteristics were similar between the two cohorts. The extent of resection was similar between the two groups (GTR: 91.11% EEEA vs. 87.18% craniotomy; STR 8.89 vs. 12.82%, p = 0.91). There was no difference in visual outcomes between both groups (92.1 vs. 84.84%, p = 0.46). An increased rate of cranial nerve injury was noted in the craniotomy group (0 vs. 10.25%, p = 0.04). Post-operative CSF leak rate occurred in one patient in the EEEA group. The PFS curves (p = 0.52) and recurrence/progression rates (13.33 vs. 20.51%, p = 0.39) were similar between the two groups.ConclusionBoth EEEA and craniotomy can successfully sever TSMs. The recurrence/progression rate and PFS appear to be similar between the two groups. Although there are no differences in EOR and visual outcomes between the two groups, there was a clear trend in the EEEA group to obtain a better outcome. CSF leakage was common in the EEEA cohort, whereas the rate of cranial nerve injury was found to be higher in the craniotomy cohort. We believe that our data support the conclusion that EEEA surgery is the preferred approach for the removal of TSMs.
Capsular warning syndrome and its clinical awareness and therapeutic approach: two case reports and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Martínez Hector R. , Figueroa-Sanchez Jose A. , Arreola-Aldape Carlos A. , Moran Guerrero Jose Alberto , Trujillo-Bracho Ana Luisa , Cantú López Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionCapsular warning syndrome (CWS) is characterized by recurrent stereotyped episodes of unilateral transient motor and/or sensory symptoms affecting the face and upper and lower limbs, without cortical signs in 24 h and with a high risk of developing stroke. Among the possible underlying mechanisms, small perforating artery disease is the most common. The aim was to assess the most common risk factors, the therapeutic alternatives, and the different outcomes in patients with CWS, along with the presentation of two cases treated in our Emergency Department.MethodsStroke Code, launched at our institution in January 2017, was triggered 400 times, and by December 2022, 312 patients were admitted as having an acute ischemic stroke. Among them, two of them fulfilled the criteria of CWS. A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to seek demography and therapeutic approaches in CWS.ResultsOf 312 cases, two with acute ischemic stroke exhibited CWS. The first patient had six events of right hemiparesis with recovery in 10–30 min; after MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), he received apixaban and clopidogrel; however, a day after admission, he developed ischemic infarction with partial recovery. The second patient presented five transient events of right hemiparesis. After MRI and DSA with an intra-arterial infusion of nimodipine, oral aspirin, and ticagrelor, he presented another event-developing stroke and was discharged with partial recovery. A systematic review found 190 cases of CWS in 39 articles from 1993 to 2022. Most were male subjects (66.4%), and hypertension (60%), smoking (36%), diabetes (18%), and dyslipidemia (55%) were the most common risk factors. Over 50% of the cases were secondary to small perforating artery disease. The most commonly used treatments were dual antiplatelet therapy (DAT), recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, and anticoagulant therapy (ACT), where the combination of DAT plus ACT was linked to the most positive functional outcomes (82.6%).ConclusionOur cases fit with the description of patients with partial recovery and risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and smoking) in male patients. There is a lack of evidence regarding the best treatment option; dual antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulation therapy are strong contenders for a favorable result.
Isoperistaltic gastric tube for long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA) in newborn, infants, and toddlers: a case-control study from a tertiary center
Authors: Zarfati Angelo , Tambucci Renato , Bagolan Pietro , Conforti Andrea 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLimited evidence exists about outcomes after gastric tube formation as “rescue” technique to avoid esophageal replacement in long gap esophageal atresia (LGEA). The last ERNICA Consensus Conference on the Management of LGEA has placed the techniques of gastric tubulization among the priorities for future research.AimsEvaluate personal experience with Isoperistaltic Gastric Tube (IGT) and compare its outcomes with other more popular techniques for LGEA.MethodsA case-control study has been conducted. A retrospective monocentric analysis of LGEA patients (period: 2010–19) has been conducted in all consecutive IGT patients and each of these has been type matched with two cases of LGEA treated with other techniques. The follow-up (FU) considered was 24-months.ResultsIGT and controls showed no statistically significant differences regarding preoperative variables like sex, gestational age, birth weight, syndromes, and EA type. However, IGT patients had a significantly longer esophageal GAP under boost pressure (4.5 vertebral bodies vs. 3.6, p = 0.019) at time of surgery. The analysis showed no statistical difference among the two groups about perioperative outcomes, ICU, or overall postoperative stay. No differences have been shown between IGT and controls during the follow-up regarding GERD, esophagitis, fundoplication, dysphagia, vocal cord paralysis, stenosis, and dilatations, auxologic data, need for anastomosis revision, oral aversion, and death.ConclusionsIsoperistaltic Gastric Tube is safe and effective even in LGEA patients with longer gaps, with good perioperative, post-operative and middle-term outcomes. This procedure may be considered as an alternative to avoid esophageal substitution when a primary anastomosis seems impossible for a residual gap after traction and growth techniques.
Effect of tanshinone IIA for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in animal model: preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms
Authors: Zhu Peng-Chong , Shen Jiayi , Qian Ren-Yi , Xu Jian , Liu Chong , Hu Wu-Ming , Zhang Ying , Lv Ling-Chun 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), the major active lipophilic ingredient of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, exerts various therapeutic effects on the cardiovascular system. We aimed to identify the preclinical evidence and possible mechanisms of Tan IIA as a cardioprotective agent in the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.Methods: The study quality scores of twenty-eight eligible studies and data analyses were separately assessed using the CAMARADES 10-item checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software.Results: The study quality score ranged from 3/10 to 7/10 points. The present study provided preliminary preclinical evidence that Tan IIA could significantly decrease the myocardial infarct size, cardiac enzyme activity and troponin levels compared with those in the control group (p &lt; 0.05).Discussion: Tan IIA alleviated myocardial I/R injury via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis mechanisms and improved circulation and energy metabolism. Thus, Tan IIA is a promising cardioprotective agent for the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and should be further investigated in clinical trials.
Effect of pregnancy on female gait characteristics: a pilot study based on portable gait analyzer and induced acceleration analysis
Authors: Li Xin , Lu Zhenghui , Cen Xuanzhen , Zhou Yizheng , Xuan Rongrong , Sun Dong , Gu Yaodong 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:The changes in physical shape and center of mass during pregnancy may increase the risk of falls. However, there were few studies on the effects of maternal muscles on gait characteristics and no studies have attempted to investigate changes in induced acceleration during pregnancy. Further research in this area may help to reveal the causes of gait changes in women during pregnancy and provide ideas for the design of footwear and clothing for pregnant women. The purpose of this study is to compare gait characteristics and induced accelerations between non-pregnant and pregnant women using OpenSim musculoskeletal modeling techniques, and to analyze their impact on pregnancy gait.Methods:Forty healthy participants participated in this study, including 20 healthy non-pregnant and 20 pregnant women (32.25 ± 5.36 weeks). The portable gait analyzer was used to collect participants’ conventional gait parameters. The adjusted OpenSim personalized musculoskeletal model analyzed the participants’ kinematics, kinetics, and induced acceleration. Independent sample T-test and one-dimensional parameter statistical mapping analysis were used to compare the differences in gait characteristics between pregnant and non-pregnant women.Results:Compared to the control group, pregnancy had a 0.34 m reduction in mean walking speed (p&lt; 0.01), a decrease in mean stride length of 0.19 m (p&lt; 0.01), a decrease in mean stride frequency of 19.06 step/min (p&lt; 0.01), a decrease in mean thigh acceleration of 0.14 m/s2(p&lt; 0.01), a decrease in mean swing work of 0.23 g (p&lt; 0.01), and a decrease in mean leg falling strength of 0.84 g (p&lt; 0.01). Induced acceleration analysis showed that pregnancy muscle-induced acceleration decreased in late pregnancy (p&lt; 0.01), and the contribution of the gastrocnemius muscle to the hip and joint increased (p&lt; 0.01).Discussion:Compared with non-pregnant women, the gait characteristics, movement amplitude, and joint moment of pregnant women changed significantly. This study observed for the first time that the pregnant women relied more on gluteus than quadriceps to extend their knee joints during walking compared with the control group. This change may be due to an adaptive change in body shape and mass during pregnancy.
Evaluation of a short instrument for measuring health-related quality of life in oncological patients in routine care (HELP-6): an observational study
Authors: Schrage Theresa , Görlach Mirja , Betz Christian Stephan , Bokemeyer Carsten , Kröger Nicolaus , Mueller Volkmar , Krüll Andreas , Schulz Holger , Bleich Christiane 
Published: May 2023

PurposePatient-reported outcomes have not been sufficiently implemented into the routine care of cancer patients because the existing instruments are often too long and complex or not cancer-specific. The aim of this study is the determination of psychometric properties and item reduction of a newly developed health-related quality of life (HrQoL) questionnaire for use in oncological clinical routines.MethodsThis observational study with a repeated measurements design included oncological inpatients and outpatients. A total of 630 patients participated at the first point of measurement and 404 at the second point of measurement. To evaluate the instrument, we conducted hierarchical confirmative factor analyses and for further validation correlated the resulting factors with standardized and validated HrQoL measurements. Test–retest reliability and responsiveness to change were tested.ResultsThe developed questionnaire “HELP-6” (“Hamburg Inventory for Measuring Quality of Life in Oncological Patients”) has a six-factor structure and has moderate-to-good convergent validity (r= −0.25 –−0.68). Test–retest reliability was moderate-to-good (r =0.56−0.81, p &lt; 0.001). Indications for responsiveness to change were found for three dimensions. The final version of the questionnaire HELP-6 has six dimensions with one item each.ConclusionWith the HELP-6 instrument for measuring HrQoL in cancer patients, we provide a short and practical patient-reported outcome instrument. Though responsiveness to change could not be confirmed for all dimensions in this study, the HELP-6 includes time-efficient completion and evaluation and is informative in relevant HrQoL dimensions of cancer patients. Therefore, the HELP-6 poses an important addition to inpatient and outpatient routine cancer care.Trial registrationThis study was registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/y7xce/), on 9 June 2018.
Long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence in India: an application of joinpoint and age–period–cohort analyses: a gendered perspective
Authors: Shri Neha , Bhattacharyya Krittika , Dhamnetiya Deepak , Singh Mayank , Jha Ravi Prakash , Patel Priyanka 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundMonitoring the transmission patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a population is fundamental for identifying the key population and designing prevention interventions. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the gender disparities in HIV incidence and the age, period, and cohort effects on the incidence of HIV in India for identifying the predictors that might have led to changes in the last three decades.Data and methodsThis study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify the magnitude of the changes in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of HIV. The average annual percentage changes in the incidence were computed, and the age–period–cohort analysis was performed.ResultsA decreasing trend in the overall estimates of age-standardized HIV incidence rates were observed in the period 1990–2019. The joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence significantly declined from its peak in 1997 to 2019 (38.0 and 27.6 among males and females per 100,000 in 1997 to 5.4 and 4.6, respectively, in 2019). The APC was estimated to be 2.12 among males and 1.24 among females for the period 1990–2019. In recent years, although the gender gap in HIV incidence has reduced, females were observed to bear a proportionately higher burden of HIV incidence. Age effect showed a decline in HIV incidence by 91.1 and 70.1% among males and females aged between 15–19 years and 75–79 years. During the entire period from 1990–1994 to 2015–2019, the RR of HIV incidence decreased by 36.2 and 33.7% among males and females, respectively.ConclusionIndia is experiencing a decline in new HIV infections in recent years. However, the decline is steeper for males than for females. Findings highlight the necessity of providing older women and young women at risk with effective HIV prevention. This study emphasizes the need for large-scale HIV primary prevention efforts for teenage girls and young women.