bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shadow and strong gravitational lensing of new wormhole solutions supported by embedding Class-I condition
Authors: Molla Niyaz Uddin , Chaudhary Himanshu , Debnath Ujjal , Mustafa G. , Maurya S. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study deals with the new class of embedded wormhole solutions in the background of general relativity. Two newly calculated wormhole solutions satisfy all the required properties. The embedded diagrams for both calculated wormhole solutions are provided. All the energy conditions are discussed through their validity regions for the different ranges of involved parameters. In maximum regions, all energy conditions are violated. We investigate the shadow and strong gravitational lensing by the wormhole throat for the two new wormhole models, namely Model-I and Model-II. The present paper considers the wormhole throat to act as a photon sphere. We first derive null geodesics using the Hamilton-Jacobi separation method to investigate the shadow and strong gravitational lensing caused by the wormhole throat. We then numerically obtain the radius of wormhole shadow, strong deflection angle, and various lensing observables by taking the example of supermassive black M87* and Sgr A* in the context of both Model-I and Model-II. Keeping all other parameters fixed, it is observed that the parameters $$\zeta _1$$

ζ
1

and $$\zeta _2$$

ζ
2

for Model-I; and $$\chi _1$$

χ
1

and $$\chi _2$$

χ
2

for Model-II have significant effects on the wormhole shadow and strong gravitational lensing phenomena. Our conclusion is that it is possible to detect relativistic images, such as Einstein rings, produced by wormholes with throat radii of $$r_{th}=3M$$

r

th

=
3
M

. The stability analysis via Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov equation is included for both wormhole solutions. Additionally, current technology enables us to test hypotheses related to astrophysical wormholes.
Dolomites: Domain-Specific Long-Form Methodical
Tasks
Authors: Malaviya Chaitanya , Agrawal Priyanka , Ganchev Kuzman , Srinivasan Pranesh , Huot Fantine , Berant Jonathan , Yatskar Mark , Das Dipanjan , Lapata Mirella , Alberti Chris 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Experts in various fields routinely perform methodical writing tasks to plan, organize, and report their work. From a clinician writing a differential diagnosis for a patient, to a teacher writing a lesson plan for students, these tasks are pervasive, requiring to methodically generate structured long-form output for a given input. We develop a typology of methodical tasks structured in the form of a task objective, procedure, input, and output, and introduce DoLoMiTes, a novel benchmark with specifications for 519 such tasks elicited from hundreds of experts from across 25 fields. Our benchmark further contains specific instantiations of methodical tasks with concrete input and output examples (1,857 in total) which we obtain by collecting expert revisions of up to 10 model-generated examples of each task. We use these examples to evaluate contemporary language models, highlighting that automating methodical tasks is a challenging long-form generation problem, as it requires performing complex inferences, while drawing upon the given context as well as domain knowledge. Our dataset is available at https://dolomites-benchmark.github.io/.
The Arogbo Ijaw and her Neighbours of the Western Niger Delta of Nigeria
Authors: Okpevra Uwomano Benjamin , Ebike-emiyen Doma Perewolatei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper examines the intergroup relations between the Arogbo Ijaw and their neighbouring communities in the Western Niger Delta of Nigeria, a topic less explored compared to the Central and Eastern Delta groups. It, therefore, delves into the historical, social, economic, and political interactions that shaped the dynamics between these groups. The study reveals the complexities of coexistence, highlighting both cooperation and conflict. Key factors influencing these relations include resource competition, ethnic identity, and political power struggles. The paper also explores the impact of government policies and external influences on these intergroup dynamics. Drawing on primary and secondary sources, the research provides a modulated understanding of how the Arogbo Ijaw traversed their relationships with neighbouring groups, adapting to changing circumstances over four decades. This study contributes to broader discussions on ethnic relations and conflict resolution in multi-ethnic regions, offering insights into the mechanisms that foster intergroup harmony and discord.
De iure belli ac pacis and Slavery: Connecting Case Law and the Census
Authors: Somos Mark , Cleary Matthew , Dufour Pablo Nicolas , Corredera Edward Jones , Salerno Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article sheds light on Grotius’s writings on slavery and the polyvalent ways in which his ideas have been interpreted and applied throughout history. The article focuses, in particular, on a tension at the heart of the Grotian theory of natural rights, as articulated in De iure belli ac pacis (ibp). Grotius’s views on slavery have attracted the attention of generations of legal scholars, who debated and explored them in courts of justice, in international disputes, and on the margins of their own copies of Grotius’s magnum opus. Overall, this article shows that despite the rise in popularity of other authors and new ideologies, Grotius’s influence in debates about slavery and abolitionism endured well into the modern age.
Exploring the correlations between social support, resilience, well-being, and mental health variables among youth in border areas of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Pandey Shreyashee , Rao Priyanka A , Joshi Pooran C , Mahajan Chakraverti 
Published: January 2025

Background: The border areas of Jammu and Kashmir have long been affected by conflict, potentially impacting the mental health of youth. Understanding the relationships between social health factors and mental health outcomes in these regions is crucial for developing effective interventions. Aim: This study aims to investigate the correlations between social health factors (social support, resilience, and well-being) and mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, and depression) among youth living in the border areas of Jammu and Kashmir. Methods: A sample of 300 individuals aged 18 to 25 years was recruited, with 150 participants from the Line of Control (LoC) border in Rajouri district and 150 from the International Border (IB) in Jammu district. Participants completed six standardized measures: the Resilience Scale, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the WHO-5 Well-Being Index, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Pearson Correlation was computed with statistical significance at p < .05. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between social support, resilience, and well-being in both IB and LoC groups. Depression was positively correlated with anxiety in both groups. However, stress was positively correlated with depression and anxiety only in the LoC group. Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of social health factors in maintaining mental well-being among youth in conflict-affected regions. The study suggests that interventions targeting social support, resilience, and well-being may effectively promote mental health in these areas. Additionally, the results underscore the need for context-specific approaches in addressing mental health challenges in different conflict-affected environments.
Capacity configuration strategy of SOEC- battery based hybrid energy storage system for suppressing fluctuation of wind power
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhang Lixi , Feng Ge , Shang Wenju , Xiong Xingyu 
Published: January 2025

Currently, Chinese wind farms are generally equipped with 10% rated capacity lithium-ion battery energy storage system, which often fails to smooth out wind power fluctuation effectively and fulfill the power grid connection standard. The hybrid energy storage system combining with the solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) and lithium-ion battery system can be adopted to suppress the wind power fluctuation. Firstly, the model of the hybrid energy storage system is built and the transient response characteristics is analyzed in Matlab/Simulink environment. Secondly, the capacity configuration strategy of the hybrid energy storage system is developed with the variational mode decomposition method. Thirdly, the coordinated control algorithm of the hybrid energy storage system is proposed considering the state of charge control for the lithium-ion battery system and the transient response characteristics of SOEC. Finally, the presented methods are verified through simulation based on the actual wind farm power data with the 15 MW rated installed capacity of the wind farm in Shandong Province China. The results indicate that the developed methods can suppress the wind power fluctuation and meet up the power grid connection standard successfully. The range of state of charge for the battery system is from 0.497 to 0.512, which is within the boundary conditions. The electric efficiency of the SOEC system is from 0.817 to 0.972, and the power consumption is from 2.968 to 3.461 kWh/Nm3H2 during the hydrogen production, who are all within the threshold values.
Cedrin Mitigates Dyslipidemia, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes Mellitus in Rats
Authors: Zhang Haiping , Mei Dan , Li Meina 
Published: January 2025

Background Cedrin is a major bioactive flavonoid compound present in the Cedrus deodara plant and has been reported to have several biological activities. Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine and metabolic disease marked by high blood sugar levels leading to reduced insulin production and/or decreased insulin efficacy. Hyperglycemia leads to chronic health complications and organ dysfunction, specifically affecting the nerves, blood vessels, kidneys, eyes, liver, and heart. Purpose The aim of this work is to study the effect of cedrin on glycemic control, hyperlipidemia, liver function markers, and biochemical markers of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Methods The STZ was utilized to initiate diabetes in experimental rats, and after the onset of diabetes, the rats were treated with cedrin for 30 days. After the treatment periods, the experimental rats’ glucose levels, food and water uptake, and body and organ weights were assessed. The biochemical markers, including insulin, hexokinase, glycated hemoglobin, and so on, were investigated using diagnostic kits. The concentrations of oxidative marker levels, inflammatory cytokines, and lipid marker levels were assessed using diagnostic kits. Results Cedrin treatment effectively mitigated the glucose level, food and water consumption, organ weights, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) while increasing the body weight and hexokinase levels of the STZ-induced rats. In the STZ-induced rats, the cedrin treatment remarkably elevated the antioxidant levels, reduced oxidative stress biomarkers, and decreased the inflammatory cytokine levels in their serum. Conclusion The current study demonstrates that cedrin treatment effectively regulated dyslipidemia, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. Therefore, it can be a potential salutary agent to treat diabetes in the future.
Clinical Problem Solving: Two Patients With Gait Instability and Difficulty With Hand Coordination
Authors: Glenn Trevor , Awad Amine , Gheihman Galina , Roy Alexis 
Published: January 2025

Subacute-to-chronic gait instability has a broad differential diagnosis. The neurological exam can help elucidate the localization and suggest an underlying etiology of the symptomatology, which can lead to a more focused diagnostic approach. Two patients are described – 1 with a month of worsening difficulty with ambulation that evolved to bilateral hand discoordination and another with 18 months of progressive difficulty with ambulation that also then progressed to involve her bilateral hands. These cases highlight an approach to gait dysfunction with hand discoordination secondary to sensory ataxia. The patients were ultimately diagnosed with copper deficiency myelopathy secondary to zinc excess, and different treatment regimens are discussed.
The acid-leaching process and structural changes of lizardite, chlorite and talc in sulfuric acid medium
Authors: Zhao Dingran , Sun Hongjuan , Peng Tongjiang , Zeng Li , Wu Mengji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Trioctahedral phyllosilicate minerals are widely distributed on the Earth’s surface, especially in soil. The mineral–water interfacial reaction of lizardite, chlorite and talc, with various structural properties (tetrahedral sheet, octahedral sheet, 1:1-type and 2:1-type interlayer domain/two-dimensional structural units), was carried out in sulfuric acid solution (1 mol L–1). The mineral samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The dissolution concentration, dissolution rate, dissolution rules and structural changes of the components during the dissolution processes of the various two-dimensional structural units were studied. The results show that the dissolution concentrations of Si and Mg in the sulfuric acid solution decrease in the following order: chlorite > lizardite > talc and lizardite > chlorite > talc. The dissolution rates of Si in chlorite and Mg in lizardite are the greatest, while talc is the most stable compared with lizardite and chlorite. With increasing interfacial reaction time and the dissolution of the ionic components of the minerals, the structure of lizardite is gradually destroyed; the structural destruction of chlorite is more obvious during the early stages of the reaction; and the structure of talc does not significantly change over the course of the entire reaction. By analysing the microtopography of the minerals, it was found that the structural failure of lizardite occurred from the surface to the interior. Chlorite had more structural defects and showed collapse of the layered structure during structural failure. The surface layer of talc decomposed by corrosion into a small lamellae structure attached to the surface, but there was no obvious structural change similar to those of lizardite and chlorite. The relationship between the evolution of composition and structure during the mineral–water interfacial reaction process with the two-dimensional structure layer type provides the mineralogical basis for studying the coupling mechanism of the migration and transformation of materials in key regions of the Earth.
Decreased expression of LEF1 caused defective decidualization by inhibiting IL-11 expression in patients with adenomyosis
Authors: Duan Jingru , Zhou Xiaowei , Zhu Hanfei , Zhou Mingjuan , Liu Mengyu , Zhou Yan , Li Wenzhu , Xu Bufang , Zhang Aijun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractReduced lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) expression in patients with adenomyosis during the mid-secretory phase leads to impaired endometrial receptivity, affecting embryo implantation. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying reduced endometrial receptivity in 25 adenomyosis patients and 25 controls. Functional experiments were conducted using human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and TERT-immortalized HESCs(T-HESCs), with final validation performed using a mouse model. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses revealed that patients with adenomyosis showed a marked decrease in LEF1 expression in the stromal cells of the endometrium during the mid-secretory phase. In vitro experiments demonstrated that LEF1 knockdown in stromal cells led to impaired decidualization. Transcriptome sequencing, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments showed that LEF1 could bind to the promoter region of interleukin (IL)-11 and promote its transcription, and IL-11 expression was also found to be downregulated in adenomyosis patients. Overexpression of IL-11 rescued the impaired decidualization caused by decreased LEF1 expression. In the in vitro co-culture model, LEF1/IL-11 knockdown led to a reduction in embryo implantation area, which was partially restored upon IL-11 overexpression. In the adenomyosis mouse model, we observed a decrease in LEF1 expression and a reduction in implantation sites compared to control mice, accompanied by impaired decidualization and receptivity. Notably, supplementation with IL-11 restored the number of implantation sites. The decrease in fertility due to reduced endometrial receptivity in adenomyosis patients is a significant clinical issue in assisted reproductive technology. This research provides insights into one potential molecular mechanism underlying this decreased receptivity, with a specific focus on the reduced expression of LEF1 in the endometrial stromal cells during the mid-secretory phase in adenomyosis patients. Our findings offer new perspectives for clinical strategies to improve endometrial receptivity in patients with adenomyosis, potentially enhancing their chances of successful pregnancy.
How economic instruments address sustainable nutrient use: the example of phosphorus governance
Authors: Garske Beatrice , Heyl Katharine , Ekardt Felix 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
The widely inefficient agricultural use of phosphorus (P) causes environmental damage. At the same time, an uneven resource distribution risks supply shortages for this essential nutritional element. Effective governance solutions help to stimulate a more sustainable P management and fulfil the human right to food. This article applies a qualitative governance analysis to develop an integrated governance solution for the multi-layered problems of agricultural P use primarily by economic instruments. Based on P-related challenges and the cornerstones of sustainable P management, an assessment scheme for economic instruments for P is conceptualized and applied.

Results
Results show that there is no ‘one fits all’ solution for all problems associated with agricultural P use. We find a combination of (1) an economic instrument for rock phosphate-based fertilizers with (2) a tax for P surpluses and (3) a regulation on contaminant levels in fertilizers addresses all P-related problems effectively.

Conclusions
The optimal P governance combines economic and regulatory policy instruments. Besides addressing sustainable P management and thus contributing to the implementation of the right to food, the policy mix also positively impacts further ecological challenges such as disrupted N cycles, climate change and biodiversity loss.
The C-MAC video laryngoscope helps presbyopic anesthetists to overcome difficulty in neonatal and infantile intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdalla Ashraf E. , Eissa Mohsen M. , Elbasyouny Mohamed R. , Zomra Mahmoud R. , Elnaggar Ahmed M. , Elsayed Mahmoud M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving procedure that must be accurately carried on to guard against complications. Presbyopia leads to difficulty in viewing close objects and may obstacle proper intubation even with the best hands.

Purpose
This study supposed that the use of video-laryngoscope (VL) may provide better intubation conditions for presbyopic anesthetists and targets to evaluate the neonates and infants’ intubation success rates (ISR) by anesthetists aged ≥ 45 years using the C-MAC VL compared to the standard laryngoscope (SL).

Methods
Thirty-one neonates with an age of 18.2 ± 5.2 days and a body weight of 4.5 ± 0.3 kg and 103 infants aged 8.6 ± 1 months and weighing 9.4 ± 1.5 kg were randomly categorized into the SL group that received ETI using the SL and the VL group had intubated using the C-MAC® (Karl Storz, Germany) VL with the standard Miller blade and flexible Stylet (2 mm PORTEX® stylet; Smiths Medical International Ltd., UK) to strengthen the endotracheal tube (ETT) and adjust its curvature as C-shaped. The study outcomes included the frequency of successful intubation and the number of intubation attempts.

Results
The ISR was significantly (P < 0.001) higher with significantly (P = 0.0037) lower frequency of using assistance maneuvers with VL. The mean score of the anesthetist’s difficulty rating was significantly (P < 0.001) higher with SL (2.7 ± 2) than with VL (1.27 ± 1.27). Times for the full intubation process were significantly (P < 0.001) shorter with VL than SL. The 1st attempt success rate was significantly (P = 0.0195) higher with VL than SL (86.6% vs. 67.2%). The frequency of maneuver-related complications was insignificantly (P = 0.116) reduced with the use of VL (4.5%) than with SL (12%). The ISR showed a negative significant correlation (r=−0.973, P = 0.005) with the anesthetist’s age.

Conclusion
Neonatal and infantile intubation using VL is feasible and easy to handle by aged anesthetists and allows higher ISR and 1st attempt rate with minimal need for external assistant maneuvers and maneuver-related complications. VL might be more appropriate for the presbyopic pediatric anesthetists than the SL.

Limitations
The limitations of the study are the small sample size of anesthetists and the use of one type of VLs.
Assessing the physical activity training needs and preferences of community health workers in South Africa
Authors: Stoutenberg Mark , Esquives Blanca S. Noriega , St Fleur Ruth G. , Koen Susanna S. , Watson Estelle D. , Portacio Francia G. , Torres Georgia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Emerging work highlights the potential of community health workers (CHWs) to promote physical activity (PA) as a part of their role in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases. However, little is known about CHW preferences and desires towards receiving PA training.

Methods
Community health promoters (CHPs), a type of CHWs in South Africa, from seven health districts in Johannesburg participated in a day-long in-service training on PA and healthy eating. Prior to the training, CHPs completed a 22-item questionnaire assessing their PA attitudes, beliefs, past promotion efforts, and previous PA training. CHPs were divided into small focus groups to discuss their roles, amount and type of PA training they had received, perceived PA knowledge, and desire for future PA training. A mixed methods approach triangulated data from the questionnaire and the focus groups.

Results
Seventy-six CHPs attended the in-service training, completed the questionnaire, and participated in one of ten focus groups. CHPs were 38.5 (± 9.2) years of age, 58.7% were male, and 85.3% had > 2 years of experience. Nearly all felt PA was beneficial for health (89.5%) and that promoting it was a part of their job (85.3%). Most CHPs felt that they had sufficient PA knowledge (93.1%) and reported knowing global PA guidelines (90.5%). However, only 10.5% correctly identified the guidelines for aerobic activity or muscle-strengthening, and none correctly identified both. CHPs expressed great interest in receiving additional PA training (98.5%) and applying it in their work (97.1%). Five themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) roles and responsibilities in health promotion and disease prevention; (2) receiving ongoing training to enhance knowledge and skills; (3) increasing their PA training to foster healthier lifestyles in their communities; (4) desired structure of future PA trainings; and (5) strategies for applying the PA training.

Conclusions
This work provides further evidence for the potential of CHWs to take on a greater role in disease prevention, such as promoting PA. However, future research needs to explore strategies to: provide regular, ongoing PA training, enhance internal team dynamics, and integrate PA promotion as a regular part of their clinical responsibilities and community outreach.