bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of pediatric tracheostomy after surgery for congenital heart disease: A 20‐year experience
Authors: Puchi Christopher , Lavin Jennifer , Eltayeb Osama , Billings Kathleen R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveChildren with congenital heart defects (CHD) requiring cardiovascular surgery (CVS) rarely require tracheostomy placement; however the mortality rate remains high. The study aimed to analyze the incidence of tracheostomy in children with CHD, and to determine factors contributing to postoperative outcomes, decannulation rates, and mortality.MethodsRetrospective case series of children ≤18 years old with CHD status post‐CVS who underwent tracheostomy placement between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2020. Variables analyzed included demographic information, presence of comorbidities including prematurity, respiratory diseases, presence of genetic syndromes, decannulation status, type of repair (univentricular vs. biventricular), and need for cardiopulmonary bypass. Adverse events analyzed included all‐cause mortality, development of mediastinitis, fatal decannulation, and persistence of tracheocutaneous fistula.ResultsFifty‐one patients were analyzed. The incidence of tracheostomy was 0.8%. Median age at tracheostomy was 5.3 months. The 5‐year survival estimate was 56.3% (95% confidence interval 43.6%, 72.6%). Age ≤6 months at the time of tracheostomy placement (p = .03), and the presence of tracheomalacia (p = .04) were factors significantly associated with 5‐year survival. Two patients (3.9%) experienced fatal decannulation, and one patient (2.0%) developed postoperative mediastinitis. The 10‐year decannulation rate estimate was 47.8% (30.5%, 63.2%). Seven patients (13.7%) had a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula.ConclusionsThis study corroborates high mortality rates in this population. Factors associated with improved survival were younger age at the time of tracheostomy and presence of tracheomalacia. Decannulation rates were low, but estimates improved over 10 years. Further studies are needed to determine optimal indications and timing for tracheostomy placement in this patient population.Level of Evidence4
Ocean acidification altered microbial functional potential in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Rui , Yang Yunfeng , Tu Qichao , Zhou Jizhong , Jiao Nianzhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) has considerably changed the metabolism and structure of plankton communities in the ocean. Evaluation of the response of the marine bacterioplankton community to OA is critical for understanding the future direction of bacterioplankton‐mediated biogeochemical processes in the ocean. Understanding the diversity of functional genes is important for linking the microbial community to ecological and biogeochemical processes. However, the influence of OA on the functional diversity of bacterioplankton remains unclear. Using high‐throughput functional gene microarray technology (GeoChip 4), we investigated the functional gene structure and diversity of bacterioplankton under three different pCO2 levels (control: 175 μatm, medium: 675 μatm, and high: 1085 μatm) in a large Arctic Ocean mesocosm experiment. We observed a higher evenness of microbial functional genes under elevated pCO2 compared with under low pCO2. OA induced a more stable community as evaluated by decreased dissimilarity of functional gene structure with increased pCO2. Molecular ecological networks under elevated pCO2 became more complex and stable, supporting the central ecological tenet that complexity begets stability. In particular, increased average abundances were found under elevated pCO2 for many genes involved in key metabolic processes, including carbon degradation, methane oxidization, nitrogen fixation, dissimilatory nitrite/nitrate reduction, and sulfide reduction processes. Altogether, these results indicate a significant influence of OA on the metabolism potential of bacterioplankton in the Arctic Ocean. Consequently, our study suggests that biogeochemical cycling mediated by these microbes may be altered by the OA in the future.
Conformation and Dynamics of Ring Polymer Chains under Cylindrical Confinement
Authors: Han Xiao‐yue , Zhou Xiao‐lin , Wang Xiang‐hong , He Lin‐li 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations, the conformation and dynamic behavior of ring polymer chains in ring/linear blends confined into cylinders are studied. By changing the particle number density, polymer chain bending energy and length, the spatial distribution of rings in the constrained binary polymer blends is investigated. An ordered tubular structure composed of several quasi‐parallel rings is observed. The mean square displacement of the center‐of‐mass of ring chains and its diffusion coefficient are analyzed. The results indicate that the diffusion behavior of rings is transformed from inhibition to promotion as the increase of linear chain bending energy. This study provides a new way to further understand the special conformation and dynamic behavior of ring polymer chains in constrained systems.
Perpendicular Alignment of 2D Nanoplatelet Emitters in Electrospun Fibers: A Result of the Barus Effect?
Authors: Liu Xu , Li Fuzhao , Hohgardt Manuel , Klepzig Lars Frederik , Willich Marcel Maximilian , Christ Henrik‐Alexander , Schaate Andreas , Behrens Peter , Lauth Jannika , Menzel Henning , Walla Peter Jomo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStable jet electrospinning (SJES) is a special form of optical fiber generation that prevents chaotic fiber whipping typical for conventional electrospinning procedures. Incorporation of highly emissive semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) in such fibers has very high potential in optical data transmission, optological circuits, fiber lasers, solar light concentrators and many other fields because NPLs exhibit strongly directed emission from their surface plane due to various in‐plane transition dipole moments. However, potential orientation control of 2D‐NPLs in SJES is entirely unknown as electric fields and various mechanical forces contribute in a complex manner simultaneously. Here, the observation of counter‐intuitive yet very beneficial orientation of rectangular CdSe/CdS 2D‐NLP in SJES perpendicular to the fiber drawing axis is reported. Scanning electron microscopy, 3D‐single particle excitation polarization microscopy, 3D‐photogoniometry, polarized emission spectroscopy and small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) demonstrate aggregation free perpendicular alignment of the NPLs in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibers, resulting in dominant emission in directions parallel to the fiber. It is suggested that the observed vertical alignment is due to normal forces resulting from viscoelastic expansion when the polymer solution leaves the cannula (Barus effect) and that using such perpendicular nano‐emitter alignment forces allows for the generation of novel materials also beyond fibers.
CYP1A inhibitors: Recent progress, current challenges, and future perspectives
Authors: Dai Ziru , Wu Yue , Xiong Yuan , Wu Jingjing , Wang Min , Sun Xiao , Ding Xinxin , Yang Ling , Sun Xiaobo , Ge Guangbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMammalian cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) are key phase I xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes that play a distinctive role in metabolic activation or metabolic clearance of a variety of procarcinogens, drugs, and endogenous substances. Human CYP1A subfamily contains two members (hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2), which are known to catalyze the oxidative activation of some environmental procarcinogens into carcinogenic species. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that CYP1A inhibitor therapies are promising strategies for cancer chemoprevention or overcoming CYP1A‐associated drug toxicity and resistance. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in the discovery and characterization of hCYP1A inhibitors, from the discovery approaches to structural features and biomedical applications of hCYP1A inhibitors. The inhibition potentials, inhibition modes, and inhibition constants of all reported hCYP1A inhibitors are comprehensively summarized. Meanwhile, the structural features and structure–activity relationships of different classes of hCYP1A1 and hCYP1A2 inhibitors are analyzed and discussed in depth. Furthermore, the major challenges and future directions for this field are presented and highlighted. Collectively, the information and knowledge presented here will strongly facilitate the researchers to discover and develop more efficacious CYP1A inhibitors for specific purposes, such as chemo‐preventive agents or as tool molecules in hCYP1A–related fundamental studies.
Understanding PTSD among correctional workers in Manitoba, Canada: Key considerations of social variables
Authors: McKendy Laura , Taillieu Tamara , Johnston Matthew S. , Ricciardelli Rosemary , Carleton R. Nicholas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMounting evidence highlights the high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among correctional workers. The current analysis draws on survey response data to present a social profile of correctional workers in the province of Manitoba (n = 580), Canada, who screened positive for PTSD (n = 196). We examined demographic information, professional history information, and adverse work exposure experiences, as well as treatment and support patterns. The analysis was not intended to identify correlates of PTSD development among correctional workers, but did identify the characteristics, professional and personal situations, and treatment experiences of correctional workers who screened positive for PTSD. The results highlight the multidimensional nature of work stressors, the pronounced problem of work–life conflict, and variations in seeking supports and treatments. Generally, participants screening positive for PTSD reported higher exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events, higher environmental or occupational stressors at work, and many had prior work experience as public safety personnel. Correctional workers who screened positive for PTSD appeared more likely to access mental health supports. Promoting proactive support seeking for mental health treatment may help to mitigate the severity, frequency, stigma, and length of mental health challenges among correctional workers.
Circular RNA circGPRC5A(e2) facilitates gastric cancer progression and metastasis via modulating miR‐665/LASP1 and activating PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Lu Yixun , Liu Guoxiao , Wang Yanjun , Li Kai , Xu Xinxin , Zhang Benlong , Chen Lin , Xi Hongqing , Wang Xinxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. Compelling evidence indicates that circular RNA (circRNA) played critical roles in multiple cancers. However, the role and mechanisms of circRNAs in GC remains unclear. Here we first identified a notably overexpressed circular RNA hsa_circ_0025506 in GC by human circRNA microarray, designated as circGPRC5A(e2). Next, we found circGPRC5A(e2) was overexpressed in GC cell lines and clinical samples as well. Then, we confirmed that circGPRC5A(e2) was primarily located in the cytoplasm of GC cells and colocation phenomenon was observed with miR‐665 via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Functionally, Cell Counting Kit‐8, 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, clone formation assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound‐healing assay, and animal experiments showed that circGPRC5A(e2) promoted GC proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and tumorigenesis and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we showed that circGPRC5A(e2) could serve as miR‐665 sponges and facilitate GC growth and metastasis via modulating miR‐665/LIM and SH3 protein 1 (LASP1) axis and activating phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT pathway. Taken together, this study revealed that circGPRC5A(e2) functioned as an oncogene in GC. The circGPRC5A(e2)/miR‐665/LASP1 axis revealed by current research might provide novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for GC.
Biomechanical characteristics in the carotid artery: Noninvasive assessment using subharmonic emissions from microbubbles
Authors: Li Rui , Zhang Yukang , Zheng Shuai , Zhang Wenkai , Du Kai , He Wen , Zhang Wei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundStroke is closely related to carotid atherosclerotic plaques, which tend to occur in specific parts of the arteries, especially at the bifurcations, and are considered to be caused by biomechanical factors. Quantitative analysis of hemodynamic stress characteristics of the carotid sinus in vivo provides a mechanical basis for the development of atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid sinus. Previous studies found that ultrasound (US) contrast agent microbubbles would vibrate nonlinearly under the excitation of sound pressure, generating subharmonics (transmission fundamental frequency, i.e., f0 and subharmonic frequency at f0/2), which have the highest sensitivity to pressure changes and exhibit an inverse linear relationship with environmental pressure.PurposeThis study employed subharmonic aided pressure estimation (SHAPE) technology to reflect carotid artery hydrodynamic characteristics in the carotid lumen.MethodsFrom May 2021 to December 2021, this prospective study reviewed a total of 26 normal carotid arteries of 13 participants, all of whom received bilateral carotid artery routine US and SHAPE US examinations. During this study, the lumen of the bilateral distal segment of the common carotid artery (Distal‐CCA), carotid artery bifurcation (CAB), and carotid bulb (CB) were scanned section by section from bottom to top in longitudinal and transverse sections. Subsequently, the subharmonic amplitudes in the lumen of normal carotid arteries were collected and analyzed.ResultsThis study found that the amplitude of subharmonic amplitude in the carotid was distributed unevenly, with the amplitudes of subharmonic at the CAB being higher. Specifically, the subharmonic gradient of the carotid artery bifurcation apex plane was maximum (9.72 ± 4.31 dB), while the average subharmonic amplitude of the outer lateral layer of the carotid artery was higher (‐56.40 ± 6.31 dB) (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe SHAPE technique is capable of indirectly reflecting the pressure changes of vascular system tissues, which may provide a new monitoring method for evaluating mechanical characteristics obviating invasion.
[6,6′‐2H2] fructose as a deuterium metabolic imaging probe in liver cancer
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Cullen Quinlan , Berishaj Marjan , Deh Kofi , Kim Nathaniel , Keshari Kayvan R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths. Imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of HCC, although current methods are limited in their ability to characterize liver lesions. Most recently, deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for the imaging of metabolism in vivo. Here, we assess the metabolic flux of [6,6′‐2H2] fructose in cell cultures and in subcutaneous mouse models at 9.4 T. We compare these rates with the most widely used DMI probe, [6,6′‐2H2] glucose, exploring the possibility of developing 2H fructose to overcome the limitations of glucose as a novel DMI probe for detecting liver tumors. Comparison of the in vitro metabolic rates implies their similar glycolytic metabolism in the TCA cycle due to comparable production rates of 2H glutamate/glutamine (glx) for the two precursors, but overall higher glycolytic metabolism from 2H glucose because of a higher production rate of 2H lactate. In vivo kinetic studies suggest that HDO can serve as a robust reporter for the consumption of the precursors in liver tumors. As fructose is predominantly metabolized in the liver, deuterated water (HDO) produced from 2H fructose is probably less contaminated from whole‐body metabolism in comparison with glucose. Moreover, in studies of the normal liver, 2H fructose is readily converted to 2H glx, enabling the characterization of 2H fructose kinetics. This overcomes a major limitation of previous 2H glucose studies in the liver, which were unable to confidently discern metabolic flux due to overlapped signals of 2H glucose and its metabolic product, 2H glycogen. This suggests a unique role for 2H fructose metabolism in HCC and the normal liver, making it a useful approach for assessing liver‐related diseases and the progression to oncogenesis.
Scientific research ability of specialist nurses in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Huang Ziwei , Liu Yuanfang , Lei Yi , Wei Yiping , Chen Xiaomei , Lan Yuansong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study investigated the scientific research ability of Chinese specialist nurses (SNs) in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and its influencing factors.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsA total of 652 SNs in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were investigated from March to October 2021. The nursing scientific research ability level was measured using the Nursing Research Competence of Nurses Self‐evaluation Scale. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate factors affecting the scientific research ability of SNs.ResultsThe median score of scientific research ability of SNs was 31 (interquartile range: 19–41). Approximately 74.8% of clinical speciality nurses had low scientific research ability. Educational background, working hospital level, being the first author of a published paper and successful application for scientific research projects were identified as factors influencing scientific research ability score.
Serum levels of high mobility group box‐1 protein (HMGB1) and soluble receptors of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Abe Hiromi , Okada‐Tsuchioka Mami , Kajitani Naoto , Omori Wataru , Itagaki Kei , Shibasaki Chiyo , Boku Shuken , Matsuhisa Tetsuaki , Takebayashi Minoru 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsHigh mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1) is one of the damage‐associated molecular patterns produced by stress and induces inflammatory responses mediated by receptors of advanced glycation end‐products (RAGE) on the cell surface. Meanwhile, soluble RAGE (sRAGE) exhibits an anti‐inflammatory effect by capturing HMGB1. Animal models have shown upregulation of HMGB1 and RAGE in the brain or blood, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in depression pathophysiology. However, there have been no reports using blood from depressed patients, nor ones focusing on HMGB1 and sRAGE changes associated with treatment and their relationship to depressive symptoms.MethodsSerum HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a group of patients with severe major depressive disorder (MDD) (11 males and 14 females) who required treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and also in a group of 25 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy subjects. HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations were also measured before and after a course of ECT. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD).ResultsThere was no significant difference in HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations in the MDD group compared to healthy subjects. Although ECT significantly improved depressive symptoms, there was no significant change in HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations before and after treatment. There was also no significant correlation between HMGB1 and sRAGE concentrations and the HAMD total score or subitem scores.ConclusionThere were no changes in HMGB1 and sRAGE in the peripheral blood of severely depressed patients, and concentrations had no relationship with symptoms or ECT.
Effect of hybridization on natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials – A review
Authors: Prem Kumar R. , Muthukrishnan M. , Felix Sahayaraj A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis review explores the hybridization effect of natural fiber‐reinforced composites (NFRCs) to reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution. Although natural fibers offer several advantages over synthetic fibers, such as biodegradability, lightweight, and low cost, their application in NFRCs is challenging due to inherent issues such as variable fiber quality, constrained mechanical properties, water absorption, and poor thermal stability. However, recent research has made significant progress in addressing these issues, resulting in better NFRCs. This article surveys the latest developments in plant‐based NFRCs, focusing on methods and innovations to enhance their performance through fiber modification, hybridization, incorporation of lignocellulosic fillers, and fabrication techniques for mechanical, sound absorption, and wear performance. It also discusses the expanding uses of NFRCs in various industrial sectors and the sustainability of plant‐based NFRCs using life‐cycle assessment.
Buckling behavior of non‐uniformly heated 3D printed plain and functionally graded nanocomposites
Authors: Kumar Sumodh , Ramesh M. R. , Jeyaraj P. , Powar Satvasheel , Doddamani Mrityunjay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (0.5–5 wt.%) are compounded with high density polyethylene (HDPE), and, subsequently, used for extruding nanocomposite filaments to fabricate nanocomposites (NCs) and functionally graded nanocomposites (FGNCs) through 3D printing. The 3D printed NCs are investigated for coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and buckling under different non‐uniform temperature distributions (case‐1: left edge heating, case‐2: centre heating, and case‐3: left and right edge heating). A significant reduction in CTE is observed with MWCNT addition and gradation. The highest reduction in CTE is observed for H5 (5 wt.% of MWCNT in HDPE) NC and H1 ⟶ H3 ⟶ H5 (FGNC‐2) among the NCs and the FGNCs. It is noted that Tcr (critical buckling temperature) is highest for case‐3 and lowest for case‐2. The highest deflection is noticed in case‐2, while no significant difference is observed in case‐1 and case‐3 heating conditions. It is also observed that Tcr increases with gradation and MWCNTs addition. The H5 NC and FGNC‐2 exhibited the highest Tcr among the NCs and FGNCs, respectively. The maximum deflection is noticed for HDPE, whereas the minimum deflection is noticed for FGNC‐2 and H‐5 NC among the tested samples. The results also revealed that Tcr is very sensitive to type of heating.
Preparation and performance study of ionic liquid @ boron nitride modified polyimide proton exchange membrane
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Yanming , Wang Yizheng , Su Bihai , Shi Linlin , Li Feibo , Mu Jingbo , Che Hongwei , Zhang Zhixiao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Li Ping , Li Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) plays a relatively significant part in PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this study, ionic liquid were grafted onto boron nitride (ILs@BN) were prepared by wet ball milling, and the polyimide (PI) composite films with different contents (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) of ILs@BN were fabricated by solution‐casting method. Results showed that compared with the original polyimide films, the performance of the obtained composite films has been significantly improved. Tensile strength of film containing 4 wt% ILs@BN was enormously enhanced by 93.62% (from 47 to 91.8 MPa), respectively, in contrast to pure PI film. Compared with pure PI film, film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN was reduced from 71.2° to 63.2°, which indicated the better hydrophilicity of the film and potential proton transport channels. The composite film exhibited excellent proton conductivity, which was tremendously elevated by 58.35% (from 0.1215 S cm−1 for pure PI to 0.1924 S cm−1 for film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN). Comprehensively, the film containing with 4 wt% ILs@BN presenting excellent mechanical properties (91.8 MPa), contact angle (63.2°) and proton conductivity (0.1924 S cm−1) demonstrating strong potential applications in fuel cells.