bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of dryer & drying methods and production time on the quality and safety of dried yoghurt during storage
Authors: Khadir Abdelhakam Khadir Ebrahim , Alhad Alhady Altayeb Tagaldein Ahmed , Osman Fatin Hassan , Ibrahim Ibrahim Aldaw` 
Published: April 2023

The main objective of this research is to study the effect of drying, drying methods and production time on the quality & safety of dried yoghurt and effect of storage on it. 4 kg of natural yoghurt freshly produced during the first day of shelf life, and 4 kg after expiration date (day 11), the samples were dried using two method, spray drying process and the traditional method, dried yoghurt samples were stored at room temperature after being packed in an unsealed plastic container for 3 months. The experiment was conducted in Samsung /turkey, in Ondokuz Mayis university, Department of food Engineering labs. Chemical, physical, microbiological and sensory analysis of raw and dried yoghurt samples were performed before and during storage. The results of the study showed that drying significantly affects all properties of yoghurt. The moisture content (1%) was affected by drying as moisture decreased by great rate of more than (70%) (P ≤ 0.05), moisture was also affected by small amount by the storage; Protein content % was significantly increased by drying from (4.020%) in the raw yoghurt produced during production shelf life, and (3.217%) in the yoghurt produced after expiration date to (7.177%) in average, the protein content values were not affected by the storage in the dried samples by the spray drying method. Drying significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affect the values of fat content where the values increased after expiration date to (13%) in average, and the value were not affected by the storage. The non-fatty solids content significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased by drying, has become an average of (77.00%) after drying. Acidity value ratio increased by drying and storage by meager percentage, the pH value significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) by drying and storage at a significantly rate. Total Solids % was significantly affected (P≤0.05) by drying and storage as it increased from (16.42%) in the raw yoghurt (during production shelf life) and (14.69%) in the raw yoghurt (after expiration date) to become more than (90%) by drying. As for the microbial content; the total bacteria value decreased by drying, but were not affected by storage, also lactic acid bacteria values reduced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by drying, but remained the same during storage. However, the total count of yeast, molds, E-coli bacteria was not found in the raw yoghurt and has not grown during storage. In the sensory evaluation, the panelists preferred a raw yoghurt and dried yoghurt in the first month, and then the rate and values of the sensory evaluation decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) during storage. The study concluded that, the validity of yoghurt can be extended by drying, and taking advantages of yoghurt in the last day by drying and storing it.
A collaborative and near-comprehensive North Pacific humpback whale photo-ID dataset
Authors: Cheeseman Ted , Southerland Ken , Acebes Jo Marie , Audley Katherina , Barlow Jay , Bejder Lars , Birdsall Caitlin , Bradford Amanda , Byington Josie , Calambokidis John A. , Cartwright Rachel , Cedarleaf Jen , Chavez Andrea Jacqueline García , Currie Jens J. , De Weerdt Joëlle , Doe Nicole , Doniol-Valcroze Thomas , Dracott Karina , Filatova Olga , Finn Rachel , Flynn Kiirsten , Ford John , Frisch-Jordán Astrid , Gabriele Christine , Goodwin Beth , Hayslip Craig , Hildering Jackie , Hill Marie C. , Jacobsen Jeff , Jones Meagan , Kobayashi Nozomi , Lyman Edward , Malleson Mark , Mamaev Evgeny , Loustalot Pamela Martínez , Masterman Annie , Matkin Craig , McMillan Christie M. , Moore Jeff E. , Moran John R. , Neilson Janet , Newell Hayley , Okabe Haruna , Olio Marilia , Pack Adam , Palacios Daniel , Pearson Heidi , Quintana-Rizzo Ester , Barragán Raul Fernando Ramírez , Ransome Nicola , Sharpe Fred , Shaw Tasli , Stack Stephanie , Staniland Iain , Straley Jan , Szabo Andrew , Teerlink Suzie , Titova Olga , R. Jorge Urban , Aswegen Martin van , de Morais Marcel Vinicius , von Ziegesar Olga , Witteveen Briana , Wray Janie , Yano Kymberly , Zwiefelhofer Denny , Rosales-Nanduca Hiram , Jiménez-López M. Esther , Clapham Phil 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We present an ocean-basin-scale dataset that includes tail fluke photographic identification (photo-ID) and encounter data for most living individual humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Pacific Ocean. The dataset was built through a broad collaboration combining 39 separate curated photo-ID catalogs, supplemented with community science data. Data from throughout the North Pacific were aggregated into 13 regions, including six breeding regions, six feeding regions, and one migratory corridor. All images were compared with minimal pre-processing using a recently developed machine learning artificial intelligence image recognition algorithm capable of rapidly detecting matches between individuals to an estimated 97–99% accuracy. For the study period of 2001 to 2021, a total of 27,956 unique individuals were documented in 157,350 encounters. Each individual was encountered, on average, in 5.6 sampling periods (i.e., breeding and feeding seasons), with an annual average of 87% of whales encountered in more than one season. The combined dataset and image recognition tool represents a living and accessible resource for collaborative, basin-wide studies of a keystone marine mammal in a time of rapid ecological change.
Parameterized Aperiodic and Periodic Components of Single-channel EEG Enable Reliable Seizure Detection
Authors: Liao Jiahui , Wang Jun , Zhan Chang'an A. , Yang Feng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objective: While it is clinically important, a reliable and economical solution to automatic seizure detection for patients at home is yet to be developed. Traditional algorithms rely on multi-channel EEG signals and features of canonical EEG power decomposition. This study is aimed to parameterize the power spectra of EEG signals about their aperiodic and periodic components, and to examine the effectiveness of these novel features of a single-channel EEG for seizure detection.
Methods: We employed the publicly available multi-channel CHB-MIT Scalp EEG Database to gauge the effectiveness of our approach. We first adopted a power spectra parameterization method to characterize the aperiodic and periodic components of the ictal and inter-ictal EEGs and systematically performed the statistical analysis on parameters of these two characteristic components, by channel and by patient. We then tested the effectiveness of four highly discriminative features for automatic seizure detection using a support vector machine on a single-channel EEG selected for each patient. The performance of our algorithm was compared to those systems of comparable complexity (using one or two channels of EEG), in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, precision, and F1 score.
Results: Some channels of EEG for each patient show strikingly different distributions of the offset and exponent parameters characterizing the aperiodic components between the ictal and inter-ictal EEGs. Similarly, the two highest power of the periodic components (PW1 and PW2) also show significant differences. The total power (TPW1 and TPW2) at the frequencies corresponding to PW1 and PW2 demonstrate even greater statistical significance between the ictal and inter-ictal states. The seizure detection algorithm based on four features (offset, exponent, TPW1, and TPW2) offers a sensitivity of 97.7%, specificity of 99.5%, accuracy of 99.4%, precision of 97.5%, and F1 score of 97.4%.
Significance: A new approach to epileptic EEG feature extraction can better characterize the ictal and inter-ictal EEG signals and result in efficient and effective seizure detection based on a single channel of EEG.
Calpeptin is a potent cathepsin inhibitor and drug candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infections
Authors: Reinke Patrick , de Souza Edmarcia , Günther Sebastian , Falke Sven , Lieske Julia , Ewert Wiebke , Loboda Jure , Herrmann Alexander , Mashhour Aida Rahmani , Karnicar Katarina , Usenik Aleksandra , Lindic Natasa , Sekirnik Andreja , Botosso Viviane , Santelli Gláucia Machado , Kapronezai Josana , Araújo Marcelo de , Silva-Pereira Taiana , Filho Antonio Souza , Tavares Mariana , Flórez-Álvarez Lizdany , Oliveira Danielle , Durigon Edison , Giaretta Paula , Heinemann Marcos , Hauser Maurice , Seychell Brandon , Böhler Hendrik , Rut Wioletta , Drag Marcin , Beck Tobias , Cox Russell , Chapman Henry , Betzel Christian , Brehm Wolfgang , Hinrichs Winfried , Ebert Gregor , Latham Sharissa , Guimarães Ana Marcia , Turk Dušan , Wrenger Carsten , Meents Alke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Several drug screening campaigns identified Calpeptin as a drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2. Initially reported to target the viral main protease (Mpro), its moderate activity in Mpro inhibition assays hints at a second target. Indeed, we show that Calpeptin is an extremely potent cysteine cathepsin inhibitor, a finding additionally supported by X-ray crystallography. Cell infection assays proved Calpeptin’s efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected Golden Syrian hamsters with sulfonated Calpeptin at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight significantly reduces the viral load in the trachea. Our results show that the inhibition of cathepsins, a protein family of the host organism, is a promising approach for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other viral infections. An intrinsic advantage in targeting host proteins is their mutational stability in contrast to highly mutable viral targets.
Mutation patterns in the antimalarial drug resistance markers- pvdhfr, pvdhps, pvmdr1 and pvk12 genes, among Plasmodium vivax isolates from a tertiary care setting in Puducherry
Authors: Stanley Pheba , Rajkumari Nonika , Sivaradjy Monika 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Antimalarial drug efficacy is monitored through various methods in vivo and in vitro. The in vivo methods include therapeutic efficacy studies(TES) which track clinical and parasitological outcomes among patients receiving antimalarial treatment whereas the invitro methods aims at detecting mutations in the drug targets in the parasite which can render the parasite resistant to the drug. This study is aimed at detecting the mutation patterns in the parasite that confer resistance to the common antimalarial agents used in India. A total of 27 Plasmodium vivax isolates collected over a three year period were sequenced to detect mutations in the genes pvmdr1, pvdhfr, pvdhps and pvk12 which serve as the molecular targets to detect resistance to chloroquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and artemisinin respectively. The study found T958M F1076L double mutants of pvmdr1 in 52%(14/27) isolates, S58R S117N double mutants of pvdhfr in 67% (18/27) isolates, A383G A553G double mutant pvdhps in 59% (16/27) isolates and wild type of pvk12 gene in all the isolates. There was a rise in the double mutants of pvmdr1 and pvdhfr over time. Those cases with double mutant pvmdr1 gene in their isolates were found to have a prolonged hospital stay compared to those without, indicating reduced clinical response to chloroquine.
Changes in the vaginal microbiome during pregnancy and the postpartum period in South African women: a longitudinal study
Authors: Li Katherine , Li Fan , Jaspan Heather , Nyemba Dorothy , Myer Landon , Aldrovandi Grace , Joseph-Davey Dvora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

African women have more diverse vaginal microbiota than women of European descent, and there is interest in the impact of this diversity on maternal health, including HIV and STI acquisition. We characterized the vaginal microbiota in a cohort of women ≥ 18 years with and without HIV in a longitudinal cohort over two visits during pregnancy and one visit postpartum. At each visit we obtained HIV testing and self-collected vaginal swabs for point of care testing for STIs and microbiome sequencing. We categorized microbial communities and evaluated changes over pregnancy and associations with HIV status and STI diagnosis. Across 242 women (mean age 29, 44% living with HIV, 33% diagnosed with STIs), we identified four main community state types (CSTs): two lactobacillus-dominant CSTs (dominated byLactobacillus crispatusandLactobacillus inersrespectively) and two diverse, non-lactobacillus-dominant CSTs (one dominated byGardnerella vaginalisand one by other facultative anaerobes). From first antenatal visit to third trimester (24–36 weeks gestation), 60% of women in theGardnerella-dominant CST shifted to Lactobacillus-dominant CSTs. From third trimester to postpartum (mean 17 days post-delivery), 80% of women inLactobacillus-dominant CSTs shifted to non-lactobacillus-dominant CSTs with a large proportion in the facultative anaerobe-dominant CST. Microbial composition differed by STI diagnosis (PERMANOVA R2 = 0.002, p = 0.004), and women diagnosed with an STI were more likely to be categorized with L.iners-dominant orGardnerella-dominant CSTs. Overall we found a shift toward lactobacillus dominance during pregnancy, and the emergence of a distinct, highly diverse anaerobe-dominant microbiome population in the postpartum period.
Tailoring error field of tokamak to control plasma instability and transport
Authors: Yang SeongMoo , Park Jong-Kyu , Jeon ‪YoungMu , Logan Nikolas , Lee Jaehyun , Hu Qiming , Lee JongHa , Kim SangKyeun , Kim Jaewook , Lee Hyungho , Na Yong-Su , Hahm Taik Soo , Choi Gyungjin , Park Gunyoung , Ko WonHa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A tokamak relies on the axisymmetric magnetic fields to confine fusion plasmas and aims to deliver sustainable and clean energy. However, misalignments arise inevitably in the tokamak construction, leading to small asymmetries in the magnetic field known as error fields (EFs). The EFs have been a major concern in the tokamak approaches because a small level EFs, even less than 0.1 %, can drive a plasma disruption. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we report that the EFs in a tokamak can be favorably used for controlling plasma instabilities, such as edge-localized modes (ELMs), while maintaining a hot fusion plasma at a temperature of 100 million kelvin. A novel optimization tailors the EFs to maintain an edge 3D response for ELM control with a minimized core 3D response to avoid plasma disruption and unnecessary degradation. We design and demonstrate such an edge-localized 3D response at the Korean Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research facility, benefiting from its unique flexibility to change many degrees of freedom in the 3D coil space for the various fusion plasma regimes. This favorable control of the tokamak EF represents a notable advance for designing intrinsically 3D tokamaks to optimize stability and confinement for the next-step fusion reactors.
SuNeRF: AI enables 3D reconstruction of the solar EUV corona
Authors: Jarolim Robert , Tremblay Benoit , Muñoz-Jaramillo Andrés , Bintsi Kyriaki-Margarita , Jungbluth Anna , Santos Miraflor , Vourlidas Angelos , Mason James , Sundaresan Sairam , Downs Cooper , Caplan Ronald 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To understand the solar evolution and effects of solar eruptive events, the Sun is permanently observed by multiple satellite missions. The optically-thin emission of the solar plasma and the limited number of viewpoints make it challenging to reconstruct the geometry and structure of the solar atmosphere; however, this information is the missing link to understand the Sun as it is: a three-dimensional, evolving star.
We present a method that enables a complete 3D representation of the uppermost solar layer (corona) observed in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light. We use a deep learning approach for 3D scene representation that accounts for radiative transfer, to map the entire solar atmosphere from three simultaneous observations. We demonstrate that our approach provides unprecedented reconstructions of the solar poles, and directly enables height estimates of coronal structures, solar flux ropes, coronal hole profiles, and coronal mass ejections.
We validate the approach using model-generated synthetic EUV images, finding that our method accurately captures the 3D geometry even from a limited number of viewpoints. We quantify uncertainties of our model using an ensemble approach that allows us to estimate the model performance in absence of a ground-truth.
Our method enables a novel view of our closest star, and is a breakthrough technology for the efficient use of multi-instrument datasets, which paves the way for future cluster missions.
Investigation on surface integrity and process parameters optimization of carburized 18CrNiMo7-6 steel by induction-heating assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process
Authors: Liu Zhihua , Zheng Lingshuo , Tang Peng , Qin Shengwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The effect of induction-heating assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process (IH-USRP) at different temperatures on the surface integrity of carburized 18CrNiMo7-6 steel was studied. The heating method is induction heating, and the heating temperature range is 100 °C ~ 300 °C. The residual stress, microhardness and surface topography of the modified layer on the sample surface were measured after ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP). It was found that with the heating temperature increased, the residual compressive stress and the maximum residual compressive stress increased by 29% and 25.5% respectively, and the residual compressive stress depth also increased. The hardness affected layer increased from 1.5 mm to 1.8 mm, and the surface roughness decreased significantly. However, when the heating temperature is higher than the martensitic transformation temperature, the residual compressive stress and microhardness of the sample surface layer decreased, and the surface roughness increased. The process parameters of IH-USRP were optimized by grey correlation analysis method. The optimum process parameters to achieve the best surface integrity are static pressure 400 N, rotate speed 50 r/min, feed rate 0.04 mm/r and heating temperature 250 °C. The significant order of the effect on surface integrity are: static pressure > rotate speed > feed rate > heating temperature.
Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Reveals New Molecular Interactions Associated with Melanoma
Authors: Saad Mohamed , Hamed Mohamed 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The journey of discovering melanoma biomarkers is never ending. Under that assumption, this study is attempted to partially fill in a gap in that journey by identifying biomarkers related to melanoma. A transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was conducted on genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of malignant melanoma of skin (UK biobank dataset) and The Cancer Genome Atlas-Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA-SKCM) gene expression weights. Afterwards, a gene enrichment analysis was applied on the TWAS significant associations. The melanoma’s gene-microRNA (miRNA) regulatory network was constructed from the TWAS genes and their corresponding miRNAs. At last, a disease enrichment analysis was conducted on the corresponding miRNAs. The TWAS detected 27 genes associated with melanoma having P-value less than 0.05, namely, AMIGO1, GSTM3, MDM4, COPA, DENND4B, RAB13, IL1A, ANAPC13, CRIPAK, LOC389458, LOC441204, MTERFD1, CBWD1, B3GAT1, HOXC10, DDX11, PROZ, DHRS1, SPATA5L1, C16orf73, EIF3CL, FANCA, SCRN2, ALDH16A1, UPK1A, EDEM2, and TEF. After Joint/Conditional test, one gene (AMIGO1) was dropped out, resulting in 26 significant genes. The gene ontology (GO) biological process ended with the association of the extended gene set (76 genes) with protein K11-linked ubiquitination, and regulation of cell cycle phase transition. K11-linked ubiquitin chains regulates cell division. Interestingly, the extended gene set was related to different skin cancer subtypes. Moreover, the enriched pathways were nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2 inhibits translation initiation in the host cell, cell cycle, translation factors, and DNA repair pathways Full Network. The gene-miRNA regulatory network identified 10 hotspot genes: TP53, BRCA1, FANCA, BLM, USP7, MDM2, MDM4, IL1A, EIF3F, and ANAPC16; and 4 hotspot miRNAs: mir-16, mir-15a, mir-125b, and mir-146a. Melanoma was one of the top ten diseases associated with the corresponding (106) miRNAs. Our results shed light on melanoma pathogenesis and biologically significant molecular interactions. Besides, our study gives a comprehensive pipeline for the TWASs generally.
WITHDRAWN: Relationships between physical activity and social anxiety levels among college students in China
Authors: Ju Mingxiao , Yu Wenbing , Tao Xiaojie , Liu Bingxi , Li Keke , Jiao Qianxin , Gao Lili , Li Shouqi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) can effectively reduce social anxiety (SA), which is currently one of the most effective forms of psychological intervention. This study explored the relationship between exercise frequency, intensity, duration and social anxiety.Methods This study was a college-based cross-sectional study. 844 college students from six universities in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, were sampled for this study. The daily physical activity of the participants was assessed using the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, While the social anxiety level was evaluated using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A survey questionnaire was developed to investigate the essential characteristics of the participants. In addition, this study examined the relationship between physical activity components (frequency, duration, intensity) on motion features and social anxiety levels. Additional work was conducted to test if physical exercise played an alleviation role in mediating social anxiety levels in college students. Finally, moderation was analyzed using PROCESS macro for SPSS, and the relationship was evaluated by non-linear index fitting.Results The results revealed that the exercise intensity(I) (F = 24.35, p < 0.01), exercise frequency(F) (F = 16.31, p < 0.01), and exercise duration (D) (F = 9.8, p < 0.01) were significant differences correlated with the score of social anxiety. This post hoc analysis showed that the SA level of Frequency 1(F1) was significantly higher than that of Frequency 3(F3) and Frequency 5(F5), and the SA level of Intensity 1(I1) was substantially higher than that of Intensity 3(I3) and Intensity 5(I5). In addition, the SA level of Duration 1(D1) was significantly higher than that of Duration 3(D3) and Duration 5(D5). In addition, the total score of SA was negatively correlated with the total score of physical activity (p < 0.01).Conclusions Physical activity can alleviate social anxiety among university students. The most beneficial and optimized exercise plan: Moderate intensity, once or twice a week, and 21–30 minutes of exercise per session may reduce social anxiety.