bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hope: a tool for working with families affected by dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pepper Amy , Aldridge Zena , Harrison Dening Karen 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly increased the challenges faced by families affected by dementia, leading to an immediate increase in both the number of calls received by Dementia UK's Admiral Nurse Dementia Helpline and the levels of distress and complexity of the calls. Consequently, Admiral nurses experienced feelings of helplessness, echoed in the experiences of other health professionals. One of the approaches that enabled Admiral nurses to cope during this time was ‘hope’, and this article explores the use of hope-based approaches as tools for working therapeutically with families during the pandemic. Although written from the perspective of Admiral nurses, the approaches described are transferable to others working across health and social care. The article provides an overview of one of the main models of hope in the healthcare literature, Snyder's hope model, and explores the literature on hope more widely. Fictitious case vignettes, drawn from clinical practice during the pandemic, are used to illustrate how hope-based approaches can be applied to practice.
Efficacy and Safety of Burosumab in X-linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Wang Sen , Wang Xiaoqin , He Miao , Li Yuanfen , Xiao Minghui , Ma Houxun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Burosumab is approved for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH).

Objective
To assess the efficacy and safety of burosumab in XLH patients, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Web of Science for studies on the use of burosumab in patients with XLH. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and single-arm trials (SATs) was done to explore burosumab treatment on the efficacy and safety of XLH.

Results
Of the 8 eligible articles, 5 were from RCTs and 3 were from SATs. Compared with the control group in RCTs, serum phosphorus level was significantly increased in the burosumab group (0.52 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.24-0.80 mg/dL). A meta-analysis of the burosumab arms in all trials revealed significant increase in serum phosphorus levels (0.78 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.61-0.96 mg/dL), TmP/GFR (0.86 mg/dL, 95% CI 0.60-1.12 mg/dL), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D level (13.23 pg/mL, 95% CI 4.82-21.64 pg/mL) as well. Changes in secondary events also validated the effects of burosumab treatment. Compared with the control group, in RCTs, the safety profile of burosumab is not much different from the control group. Data of the single-arm combined group demonstrated the incidence of any treatment emergency adverse event (TEAE) and the related TEAE rate were high, but the severity of most adverse events is mild to moderate, and the rate of serious TEAE is low.

Conclusion
This study suggests that burosumab can be an option for patients with XLH and did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events.
Unusual Pheochromocytoma Presentation: From Dysuria to Catecholamine Crisis
Authors: Sun John , Senashova Olga , Brinkerhoff Brian , Lim James 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pheochromocytomas are catecholamine-secreting tumors that can present as a surgical emergency, with a mortality rate as high as 15%. When these lesions present as a crisis, diagnosis and management can be very challenging, given the profound physiologic consequences, such as cardiovascular collapse or multiple organ failure, occurring over a rapid time frame. We describe an unusual case of a pheochromocytoma presenting with urinary frequency and subsequent shock and tumor hemorrhage following a urological procedure. Our patient was successfully managed with resuscitation and appropriate blood pressure control to stabilize hemodynamics prior to proceeding with open adrenalectomy. Furthermore, our patient presented initially with urinary symptoms, which has not been described as an initial presentation of pheochromocytoma. This case brings important learning points regarding unusually presenting pheochromocytomas and emergency management to improve patient survival.
Gore Vidal's Live from Golgotha and the Limits of Historical Fiction
Authors: Booth Nathanael T. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Over the course of his long career, Gore Vidal produced works in multiple genres: the essay, the screenplay, the novel. His fictional output is most often associated with his massive chronicle of American history, Narratives of Empire. Vidal claimed a pedagogical purpose, seeking to remedy American ignorance of the past. However, Vidal's practice suggests a deep awareness of the limitations of the genre. His late-career novel Live from Golgotha (1992) faces the limitations of historical fiction directly. Reading this novel alongside Linda Hutcheon's concept of “historiographical metafiction,” this article analyzes Vidal's own grappling with the ironies latent in his own project. Golgotha delights in sudden narrative shifts and tonal dissonance. And yet, the novel demonstrates a deep awareness of its setting and attempts to make that setting legible to readers. Live from Golgotha is, thus, a late-career synthesis in which Vidal parodies his own work as a historical novelist, thereby exposing the limitations of the form and its relationship to history.
“The CDC Won't Let Me Be”: The Opinion Dynamics of Support for CDC Regulatory Authority
Authors: Motta Matthew , Callaghan Timothy , Lunz Trujillo Kristin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractContext: The CDC's ability to respond to communicable disease threats has recently met significant political and legal opposition. The authors unpack the influence of political ideology on support for CDC authority, and they experimentally assess whether highlighting ideology's role in responding to health threats might bolster CDC support.Methods: The authors fielded a demographically representative online survey experiment to 5,483 US adults. They assessed the sociopolitical correlates of CDC attitudes via multivariate regression analyses limited to a study-wide treatment group. Additionally, they tested the effectiveness of their experimental treatments via multivariate models that interact indicators of stimulus exposure with political ideology.Findings: Although most Americans support the CDC's role in responding to health crises, self-identified conservatives are significantly less likely to do so. This effect holds when accounting for respondents' limited government and anti-expert attitudes, which the authors replicated in nationally representative data. Encouragingly, though, emphasizing the CDC's role in combating the spread of COVID-19 is associated with significantly stronger levels of support on the ideological right.Conclusions: Efforts to communicate the CDC's importance in responding to health threats can help bridge existing ideological divides and might create an incentive for policy makers to codify the agency's regulatory powers.
Forests as Markets
Authors: Vermeulen Pieter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis essay argues for the deep affinities between neoliberalism and environmental thought that embraces such figures as fungi, swarms, and especially trees. While critics like Rob Nixon turn to trees to promote modes of cooperative biology and plant communication as blueprints for more symbiotic forms of sociality that offer alternatives to “hyperindividualism and hyperconsumption,” they share with neoliberalism a more fundamental ontology of what Friedrich Hayek (after Michael Polanyi) calls “spontaneous order.” Drawing on recent revisionary scholarship on neoliberalism, the first half of the essay argues that neoliberalism is less usefully thought of as an individualist anthropology than as a worldview that subordinates individuals to a nontransparent and distributed higher intelligence—that of the market. The second half of the essay illustrates the uncomfortable overlap between neoliberal and environmental imaginaries through a discussion of Richard Powers’s celebrated novel The Overstory. The overwhelmingly positive reception of the novel has praised its power to embody the arboreal life cycle it represents, but it has remained curiously blind to the way the novel’s formal choices ask its characters to submit to the powers of a superior computerized intelligence—a gesture that is conspicuously close to the way neoliberalism compels individuals’ submission to nontransparent market forces. The novel and its critical reception, like particular strands in the environmental humanities more generally, show that the opposition between the environmental imagination and neoliberalism is neutralized by a shared commitment to fictions of spontaneous order.
Mechanical force regulates Sox9 expression at the developing enthesis
Authors: Subramanian Arul , Kanzaki Lauren F. , Schilling Thomas F. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Entheses transmit force from tendons and ligaments to the skeleton. Regional organization of enthesis extracellular matrix (ECM) generates differences in stiffness required for force transmission. Two key transcription factors co-expressed in entheseal tenocytes, scleraxis (Scx) and Sox9, directly control production of enthesis ECM components. Formation of embryonic craniofacial entheses in zebrafish coincides with onset of jaw movements, possibly in response to the force of muscle contraction. We show dynamic changes in scxa and sox9a mRNA levels in subsets of entheseal tenocytes that correlate with their roles in force transmission. We also show that transcription of a direct target of Scxa, Col1a, in enthesis ECM is regulated by the ratio of scxa to sox9a expression. Eliminating muscle contraction by paralyzing embryos during early stages of musculoskeletal differentiation alters relative levels of scxa and sox9a in entheses, primarily owing to increased sox9a expression. Force-dependent TGF-β (TGFβ) signaling is required to maintain this balance of scxa and sox9a expression. Thus, force from muscle contraction helps establish a balance of transcription factor expression that controls specialized ECM organization at the tendon enthesis and its ability to transmit force.
Niche cells regulate primordial germ cell quiescence in response to basement membrane signaling
Authors: McIntyre Daniel C. , Nance Jeremy 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Stem cell quiescence, proliferation and differentiation are controlled by interactions with niche cells and a specialized extracellular matrix called basement membrane (BM). Direct interactions with adjacent BM are known to regulate stem cell quiescence; however, it is less clear how niche BM relays signals to stem cells that it does not contact. Here, we examine how niche BM regulates Caenorhabditis elegans primordial germ cells (PGCs). BM regulates PGC quiescence even though PGCs are enwrapped by somatic niche cells and do not contact the BM; this can be demonstrated by depleting laminin, which causes normally quiescent embryonic PGCs to proliferate. We show that following laminin depletion, niche cells relay proliferation-inducing signals from the gonadal BM to PGCs via integrin receptors. Disrupting the BM proteoglycan perlecan blocks PGC proliferation when laminin is depleted, indicating that laminin functions to inhibit a proliferation-inducing signal originating from perlecan. Reducing perlecan levels in fed larvae hampers germline growth, suggesting that BM signals regulate germ cell proliferation under physiological conditions. Our results reveal how BM signals can regulate stem cell quiescence indirectly, by activating niche cell integrin receptors.
The Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 axis regulates morphogenesis of the lung
Authors: Chen Shih-Yun , Liu Fu-Chin 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Morphological development of the lung requires complex signal crosstalk between the mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors. Elucidating the genetic cascades underlying signal crosstalk is essential to understanding lung morphogenesis. Here, we identified Nolz1 as a mesenchymal lineage-specific transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in lung morphogenesis. Nolz1 null mutation resulted in a severe hypoplasia phenotype, including a decreased proliferation of mesenchymal cells, aberrant differentiation of epithelial cells and defective growth of epithelial branches. Nolz1 deletion also downregulated Wnt2, Lef1, Fgf10, Gli3 and Bmp4 mRNAs. Mechanistically, Nolz1 regulates lung morphogenesis primarily through Wnt2 signaling. Loss-of-function and overexpression studies demonstrated that Nolz1 transcriptionally activated Wnt2 and downstream β-catenin signaling to control mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial branching. Exogenous Wnt2 could rescue defective proliferation and epithelial branching in Nolz1 knockout lungs. Finally, we identified Fgf9 as an upstream regulator of Nolz1. Collectively, Fgf9-Nolz1-Wnt2 signaling represents a novel axis in the control of lung morphogenesis. These findings are relevant to lung tumorigenesis, in which a pathological function of Nolz1 is implicated.
A minimal cell model for lamellipodia-based cellular dynamics and migration
Authors: Sadhu Raj Kumar , Iglič Aleš , Gov Nir S. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTOne ubiquitous cellular structure for performing various tasks, such as spreading and migration over external surfaces, is the sheet-like protrusion called a lamellipodium, which propels the leading edge of the cell. Despite the detailed knowledge about the many components of this cellular structure, it is not yet fully understood how these components self-organize spatiotemporally to form lamellipodia. We review here recent theoretical works where we have demonstrated that membrane-bound protein complexes that have intrinsic curvature and recruit the protrusive forces of the cytoskeleton result in a simple, yet highly robust, organizing feedback mechanism that organizes the cytoskeleton and the membrane. This self-organization mechanism accounts for the formation of flat lamellipodia at the leading edge of cells spreading over adhesive substrates, allowing for the emergence of a polarized, motile ‘minimal cell’ model. The same mechanism describes how lamellipodia organize to drive robust engulfment of particles during phagocytosis and explains in simple physical terms the spreading and migration of cells over fibers and other curved surfaces. This Review highlights that despite the complexity of cellular composition, there might be simple general physical principles that are utilized by the cell to drive cellular shape dynamics.
Northern shrimp from multiple origins show similar sensitivity to global change drivers, but different cellular energetic capacity
Authors: Guscelli Ella , Noisette Fanny , Chabot Denis , Blier Pierre U. , Hansen Tanya , Cassista-Da Ros Manon , Pepin Pierre , Skanes Katherine R. , Calosi Piero 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Species with a wide distribution can experience significant regional variation in environmental conditions, to which they can acclimatize or adapt. Consequently, the geographic origin of an organism can influence its responses to environmental changes, and therefore its sensitivity to combined global change drivers. This study aimed at determining the physiological responses of the northern shrimp, Pandalus borealis, at different levels of biological organization and from four different geographic origins, exposed to elevated temperature and low pH to define its sensitivity to future ocean warming and acidification. Shrimp sampled within the northwest Atlantic were exposed for 30 days to combinations of three temperature (2, 6 or 10°C) and two pH levels (7.75 or 7.40). Survival, metabolic rates, whole-organism aerobic performance and cellular energetic capacity were assessed at the end of the exposure. Our results show that shrimp survival was negatively affected by temperature above 6°C and low pH, regardless of their origin. Additionally, shrimp from different origins show overall similar whole-organism performances: aerobic scope increasing with increasing temperature and decreasing with decreasing pH. Finally, the stability of aerobic metabolism appears to be related to cellular adjustments specific to shrimp origin. Our results show that the level of intraspecific variation differs among levels of biological organization: different cellular capacities lead to similar individual performances. Thus, the sensitivity of the northern shrimp to ocean warming and acidification is overall comparable among origins. Nonetheless, shrimp vulnerability to predicted global change scenarios for 2100 could differ among origins owing to different regional environmental conditions.
Dynamic defence? Intertidal triplefin species show better maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential than subtidal species at low oxygen pressures
Authors: Harford Alice R. , Devaux Jules B. L. , Hickey Anthony J. R. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTOxygen is essential for most eukaryotic lifeforms, as it supports mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to supply ∼90% of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Fluctuations in O2 present a major stressor, with hypoxia leading to a cascade of detrimental physiological changes that alter cell operations and ultimately induce death. Nonetheless, some species episodically tolerate near-anoxic environments, and have evolved mechanisms to sustain function even during extended hypoxic periods. While mitochondria are pivotal in central metabolism, their role in hypoxia tolerance remains ill defined. Given the vulnerability of the brain to hypoxia, mitochondrial function was tested in brain homogenates of three closely related triplefin species with varying degrees of hypoxia tolerance (Bellapiscis medius, Forsterygion lapillum and Forsterygion varium). High-resolution respirometry coupled with fluorometric measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential (mtMP) permitted assessment of differences in mitochondrial function and integrity in response to intermittent hypoxia and anoxia. Traditional steady-state measures of respiratory flux and mtMP showed no differences among species. However, in the transition into anoxia, the tolerant species B. medius and F. lapillum maintained mtMP at O2 pressures 7- and 4.4-fold lower, respectively, than that of the hypoxia-sensitive F. varium and exhibited slower rates of membrane depolarisation. The results indicate that dynamic oxic-hypoxic mitochondria transitions underlie hypoxia tolerance in these intertidal fish.
Understanding nursing perceptions of intravenous fluid management practices
Authors: Crowe Sarah 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: Intravenous (IV) fluids are routinely used in hospitalized patients. As IV fluids are an everyday occurrence, their importance is often overlooked. Many patients receive large volumes of fluid during resuscitation to aid in the promotion of tissue perfusion. Nurses regularly administer IV fluids as part of maintenance infusions or as life-saving therapies and, therefore, need to understand these fluids' impact on their patients. Understanding nurses' existing perceptions of IV fluid management practices are crucial to improving practice. Methods: This study used an online survey to gather information on nursing perceptions of IV fluids. Four hundred and sixty-two Canadian nurses from diverse backgrounds were surveyed, including registered nurses, licensed practical nurses and student nurses. Results: The study found that the majority of participants agreed that IV fluids, including type, amount, and rationale for infusion, were important. They also agreed that fluids could impact patient outcomes. However, the study found that, despite recognizing the value and importance of fluid management, many nurses struggled with recognizing how to determine a patient's fluid status versus fluid responsiveness. Conclusion: This study supports improving nursing education to understand better the differences between fluid volume status and volume responsiveness. Our study also provides evidence that nurses need access to more sophisticated tools to conduct dynamic assessments and better meet patients' needs.
Electro-Optic Imaging Millimeter-Wave Propagation On-Wafer
Authors: Bosworth Bryan T. , Jungwirth Nick R. , Cheron Jerome , Quinlan Franklyn , Orloff Nathan D. , Long Christian J. , Feldman Ari 
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate an electro-optic imaging system for millimeter-waves propagating along a coplanar waveguide. Using dual optical frequency combs and a polarization resolved microscope, we image signals with bandwidth >100 GHz and >48 dB dynamic range.
Work of the US Government and not subject to copyright.
Quadrature-Resolved Dissipative Optomechanical Measurement
Authors: Pinho Pedro V. , Primo André G. , Carvalho Natália C. , Benevides Rodrigo , Kersul Cauê M. , Groeblacher Simon , Wiedehecker Gustavo S. , Mayer Alegre Thiago P. 
Published: July 2023

We present a homodyne detection scheme to reliably measure the dissipative coupling in optomechanical systems. Our method is validated on silicon devices yielding
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Correlation between plasmon lifetime and near-field enhancement in nanoparticle-on-film systems
Authors: Sun Baixun , Lang Peng , Ji Boyu , Xu Yang , Song Xiaowei , Lin Jingquan 
Published: July 2023

Lifetime and near-field enhancement of coupled plasmonic systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the relationship between them in the coupled plasmon structure has not been systematically revealed. Here, we studied the correlation between the plasmon lifetime and near-field enhancement of the plasmonic gap mode of nanoparticle-on-film systems, which associates localized surface plasmons with propagating surface plasmons. Both proportional and inversely proportional relationships between lifetime and field enhancement can be achieved by tuning the system parameters. The lifetime can be modulated from 5.4 fs to 20.5 fs, with the near-field intensity enhancement changing from 1036-fold to 9960-fold. Furthermore, it is found that the extension of lifetime is influenced by film thickness and limited by the skin depth of 42 nm, and the near-field enhancement of the system is mostly determined by the coupling efficiency of propagating surface plasmons.