bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental Health Revisits at US Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Cushing Anna M. , Liberman Danica B. , Pham Phung K. , Michelson Kenneth A. , Festekjian Ara , Chang Todd P. , Chaudhari Pradip P. 
Published: December 2022

ImportancePediatric emergency department (ED) visits for mental health crises are increasing. Patients who frequently use the ED are of particular concern, as pediatric mental health ED visits are commonly repeat visits. Better understanding of trends and factors associated with mental health ED revisits is needed for optimal resource allocation and targeting of prevention efforts.ObjectiveTo describe trends in pediatric mental health ED visits and revisits and to determine factors associated with revisits.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, data were obtained from 38 US children’s hospital EDs in the Pediatric Health Information System between October 1, 2015, and February 29, 2020. The cohort included patients aged 3 to 17 years with a mental health ED visit.ExposuresCharacteristics of patients, encounters, hospitals, and communities.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a mental health ED revisit within 6 months of the index visit. Trends were assessed using cosinor analysis and factors associated with time to revisit using mixed-effects Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThere were 308 264 mental health ED visits from 217 865 unique patients, and 13.2% of patients had a mental health revisit within 6 months. Mental health visits increased by 8.0% annually (95% CI, 4.5%-11.4%), whereas all other ED visits increased by 1.5% annually (95% CI, 0.1%-2.9%). Factors associated with mental health ED revisits included psychiatric comorbidities, chemical restraint use, public insurance, higher area measures of child opportunity, and presence of an inpatient psychiatric unit at the presenting hospital. Patients with psychotic disorders (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.29-1.57), disruptive or impulse control disorders (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.30-1.42), and neurodevelopmental disorders (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.14-1.30) were more likely to revisit. Patients with substance use disorders (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.55-0.66) were less likely to revisit.Conclusions and RelevanceMarkers of disease severity and health care access were associated with mental health revisits. Directing hospital and community interventions toward identified high-risk patients is needed to help mitigate recurrent mental health ED use and improve mental health care delivery.
Dramatic Tuning of the Topological Hall Effect in AxRhO2(A = K, Rb, and Cs) Crystals by Electron Concentration or Cation
Authors: Lv Yang‐Yang , Zhang Bin‐Bin , Li Xiao , Lin Dajun , Yao Shu‐Hua , Xiong Ye , Zhou Jian , Chen Y. B. , Weng Hongming , Shi Y. G. , Lu Ming‐Hui , Chen Yan‐Feng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTopological Hall effect, being an unconventional anomalous Hall effect, is originated from the real‐space Berry curvature caused by the nontrivial topological spin textures in materials. Manipulations of nontrivial magnetic structure and related topological Hall effect are very important for the study of the chiral magnet. Herein, it is experimentally observed that the significant topological Hall conductivity σxyin antiferromagnetic K0.5RhO2can reach 3.5% of ν = 1 quantum conductivity below 20 K. Furthermore, by adjusting the concentration of K‐cation different from 0.5 in KxRhO2or substituting the K cations by Rb or Cs to form Rb0.5RhO2or Cs0.5RhO2, it is observed that the topological Hall effect is much weakened or even disappeared. This evolution, verified by the theoretical calculations, is attributed to the unstable ground state of the non‐coplanar spin structure in KxRhO2(x = 0.4 and 0.6) and Cs0.5RhO2. The significantly tunable topological Hall effect in AxRhO2makes it prospective on logical/sensor devices of spintronics.
Sn‐O Dual‐Substituted Chlorine‐Rich Argyrodite Electrolyte with Enhanced Moisture and Electrochemical Stability
Authors: Li Guoyao , Wu Shaoping , Zheng Hongpeng , Yang Yu , Cai Jingyu , Zhu Hong , Huang Xiao , Liu Hezhou , Duan Huanan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChlorine‐rich argyrodite sulfides are one of the most promising solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries owing to their remarkable ionic conductivity and decent mechanical properties. However, their application has been limited by imperfections such as moisture instability and poor electrochemical stability. Herein, a Sn and O is proposed dual‐substitution strategy in Li5.4PS4.4Cl1.6 (LPSC) to improve the moisture tolerance and boost the electrochemical performance. The optimized composition of Li5.5(P0.9Sn0.1)(S4.2O0.2)Cl1.6 (LPSC‐10) sintered at 500 °C exhibits a room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 8.7 mS cm−1, an electrochemical window up to 5 V, a critical current density of 1.2 mA cm−2, and stable lithium plating/striping. When exposed to humid air, LPSC‐10 exhibits a small increment in total resistance, generates a mild amount of H2S gas, and displays favorable structure stability after heat treatment. The first‐principles calculation confirms that the dual‐substituted composition less tends to be hydrolyzed than the un‐substituted one. The all‐solid‐state battery with LiIn|NMC811 electrodes presents a high initial discharge capacity of 103.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C rates and maintains 101.4 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycle, with a 97.9% capacity retention rate. The present study opens a new alternative for simultaneously promoting moisture and electrochemical stability.
Light‐Guided Dynamic Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators enabled by Mussel Adhesive Protein Chemistry
Authors: Liang Ruixue , Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Shen Di 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLight‐guided soft actuators with dynamic polymer networks have drawn much attention in recent years. However, the application of such actuators is limited by their synthetic strategies, polymer structures, and shape‐morphing modes. This work reports a new class of liquid crystalline elastomer (LCE) actuators crosslinked by mussel‐inspired catechol‐Fe (III) complexes. The actuators are mechanically strong while being self‐healable, shape‐reprogrammable, and reprocessable. Importantly, the formation of catechol‐Fe (III) complexes enables the single‐component LCE network to exhibit outstanding photothermal effects without any light‐absorbing additives. Thus, actuators with designable structures and complex shape‐morphing capabilities can be readily programmed with mechanical force coupled with either environmental heating or NIR light irradiation. Furthermore, the material platform provides a robust and flexible way to fabricate actuators with different dimensional structures varying from 1D to 3D. The LCE shows great potential in robotic fields, and as a proof‐of‐concept, a crawling robot, C‐Bot, is specially designed. The robot is capable of moving untethered both on solid‐substrate and water surfaces under the guidance of light based on the mechanisms of shape‐morphing and Marangoni propulsion, respectively. Surprisingly, different from the vast majority of previously reported LCE‐based robots, the C‐Bot is strong enough to carry a heavy load while moving.
Multilevel Structure Engineered Lead‐Free Piezoceramics Enabling Breakthrough in Energy Harvesting Performance for Bioelectronics
Authors: Xue Haoyue , Jiang Laiming , Lu Gengxi , Wu Jiagang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe prevalence of wearable/implantable medical electronics together with the rapid development of the Internet of Medicine Things call for the advancement of biocompatible, reliable, and high‐efficiency energy harvesters. However, most current harvesters are based on toxic lead‐based piezoelectric materials, raising biological safety concerns. What hinders the application of lead‐free piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) is the low power output, where the key challenge lies in obtaining a high piezoelectric voltage constant (g33) and harvesting figure of merit (d33 × g33). Here, micron pores are introduced into phased boundary engineered high‐performance (K, Na)NbO3‐based ceramic matrix, resulting in the state‐of‐the‐art g33 and the highest d33 × g33 values of 57.3 × 10−3 Vm N−1 and 20887 × 10−15 m2 N−1 in lead‐free piezoceramics, respectively. Concomitantly, ultrahigh energy harvesting performances are obtained in porous ceramic PEHs, with output voltage and power density of 200 V and 11.6 mW cm−2 under instantaneous force impact and an average charging rate of 14.1 µW under high‐frequency (1 MHz) ultrasound excitation, far outperforming previously reported PEHs. Porous ceramic PEHs are further developed into wearable and bio‐implantable devices for human motion sensing and percutaneous ultrasound power transmission, opening avenues for the design of next‐generation eco‐friendly WIMEs.
3D Printing of Liquid Metals: Recent Advancements and Challenges
Authors: Zou Zhongfei , Chen Yuewei , Yuan Sen , Luo Nan , Li Jiachun , He Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe development of flexible electronics (FEs) has rapidly accelerated in numerous fields due to their exceptional deformability, bending, and stretchability. Room‐temperature gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) are considered as efficient conductive materials for FEs due to their outstanding electrical conductivity and intrinsic flexibility. Recently, 3D printing has become a promising technique for fabricating FEs. However, the poor printability due to high surface tension and fluidity offers huge challenges in the 3D printing of LMs. This review summarizes the effective strategies to address these challenges. It primarily focuses on three points: 1) how to improve the printability of LM and its wettability with the substrate, 2) how to select the appropriate printing method to improve the printing speed and ensure the resolution of printing structure, and 3) how to provide perfect encapsulation for LM‐based FEs with 3D printing. Following a brief introduction, the mainstream printing technologies and recent developments in the 3D printing of LMs are provided, with an emphasis on the selection of printing method, improvement of printability, encapsulation, and conductivity activation. Then, the revolutionary changes attained after 3D printing of LMs are specifically focused upon. Finally, opinions and potential directions for this thriving discipline are explored.
Selective Nanoblocker of Cellular Stress Response for Improved Drug‐Free Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Cuimei , Cheng Sihang , Zhou Xue , Wang Jue , Mu Ping , Wang Zhongyao , Zhang Lingyu , Li Lu , Wang Chungang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNanotechnology‐based drug‐free therapeutic systems using external stimuli can avoid the inherent side effects of drugs and become an attractive therapeutic strategy. However, the cellular stress responses (CSR) are activated encounter with external stimuli, which greatly weaken the efficacy of the drug‐free antitumor. Thus, this work proposes a CSR regulation strategy and synthesizes the glucose oxidase (GOx)‐modified Cu3BiS3 nanosheets (CBSG NSs) encapsulated by calcium carbonate (CBSG@CaCO3) as the novel drug‐free nanoagent. The CBSG@CaCO3 not only cause external stimuli such as energy consumption and oxidative stress damage, but also can destroy the CSR mechanism to guarantee optimal efficacy of starvation‐chemodynamic therapy (ST–CDT). In tumor cells, the CaCO3 shell layer of CBSG@CaCO3 is rapidly degraded, releasing the slowly degradable CBSG NSs with NIR‐II photothermal properties that accelerate the production of external stimuli under laser irradiation. Meanwhile, CaCO3 can block CSR to disrupt the adaptive viability of cancer cells by inhibiting expression of P27 and NRF2. Importantly, the CSR regulation achieves selective treatment on tumor cells based on the difference in physiological conditions between cancer cells and normal cells. This drug‐free cancer therapy with selectivity improves the problem of poor efficacy under the action of CSR, which offers a new avenue in the cancer‐related disease treatment.
Robust Transport: An Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Design for Anode‐Free Lithium‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Sun Jinran , Zhang Shu , Li Jiedong , Xie Bin , Ma Jun , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the most challenging issues in the practical implementation of high‐energy‐density anode‐free lithium‐metal batteries (AFLMBs) is the sharp capacity attenuation caused by the mechanical degradation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). However, developing an artificial SEI to address this issue remains a challenge due to the trade‐off between ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness for general ionic conducting films. In this study, a tenacious composite artificial SEI with integrated heterostructure of lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is prepared using a co‐sputtering approach to achieve both high ionic conductivity and fracture toughness. The embedded LiF domain has an extremely high Young's modulus and surface energy compared with those of bulk LiPON film, enabling a significant increase in fracture toughness by an order of magnitude. Most importantly, the interface between LiPON and LiF in the integrated structure generates additional fast Li+‐transport pathways, providing the artificial SEI with a conductivity higher than 10−6S cm−1. Consequently, the artificial SEI implementation significantly increases the cycling lifetime of the corresponding AFLMBs by >250%. This study highlights the importance of fracture toughness for the structural integrity of batteries and provides suggestions for designing viable SEI materials for high‐performance AFLMBs.
Liquid Phase Isolation of SnS Monolayers with Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Sarkar Abdus Salam , Konidakis Ioannis , Gagaoudakis E. , Maragkakis G. M. , Psilodimitrakopoulos S. , Katerinopoulou D. , Sygellou L. , Deligeorgis G. , Binas Vassilios , Oikonomou Ilias M. , Komninou Philomela , Kiriakidis G. , Kioseoglou G. , Stratakis E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent advances in atomically thin two dimensional (2D) anisotropic group IVA‐VI metal monochalcogenides (MMCs) and their fascinating intrinsic properties and potential applications are hampered due to an ongoing challenge of monolayer isolation. Among the most promising MMCs, tin (II) sulfide (SnS) is an earth‐abundant layered material with tunable bandgap and anisotropic physical properties, which render it extraordinary for electronics and optoelectronics. To date, however, the successful isolation of atomically thin SnS single layers at large quantities has been challenging due to the presence of strong interlayer interactions, attributed to the lone‐pair electrons of sulfur. Here, a novel liquid phase exfoliation approach is reported, which enables the overcome of such strong interlayer binding energy. Specifically, it demonstrates that the synergistic action of external thermal energy with the ultrasound energy‐induced hydrodynamic force in solution gives rise to the systematic isolation of highly crystalline SnS monolayers (1L‐SnS). It is shown that the exfoliated 1L‐SnS crystals exhibit high carrier mobility and deep‐UV spectral photodetection, featuring a fast carrier response time of 400 ms. At the same time, monolayer‐based SnS transistor devices fabricated from solution present a high on/off ratio, complemented with a responsivity of 6.7 × 10−3 A W−1 and remarkable stability upon prolonged operation in ambient conditions. This study opens a new avenue for large‐scale isolation of highly crystalline SnS and other MMC manolayers for a wide range of applications, including extended area nanoelectronic devices, printed from solution.
The impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on grain and oilseed trade
Authors: Ahn Soojung , Kim Dongin , Steinbach Sandro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper provides an ex‐post impact assessment of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on international grain and oilseed trade. We use a commodity‐level empirical model to assess the counterfactual trade effects and evaluate the region‐specific global trade reallocation effects. We find that grain and oilseed imports from Ukraine were 78.2% below the counterfactual between February and July 2022. The Russia–Ukraine war caused substantial trade diversion, mainly benefiting countries in North America and Europe. The adjustment of global grain and oilseed trade operates primarily through price adjustments, with considerable heterogeneity across commodity groups. Our ex‐ante analysis demonstrates that the Ukraine–Russia war had substantial trade implications for the directly involved countries but only limited ones for the global grain and oilseed markets in terms of traded quantity.
Prevalence of neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive impairment in two parallel, aging study cohorts from rural and urban India
Authors: Sundarakumar Jonas S. , Menesgere Abhishek L. , Jain Shubham , Hameed Shafeeq K.S. ,   SANSCOG & TLSA Study Teams, Ravindranath Vijayalakshmi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionWith the rising proportion of the elderly in India, the burden of neuropsychiatric conditions and cognitive impairment is escalating.MethodsBaseline data of cognitively healthy subjects ≥45 years of age, from two longitudinal, aging cohorts in rural (n = 3262) and urban (n = 693) India, were used to calculate prevalence of depression, early‐life stressful events, stroke, head injury, and cognitive impairment.ResultsDepression prevalence was significantly higher in rural than urban subjects, with female preponderance in both groups. Early life stressor (parental death) and head injury were significantly more common in rural than in urban India, whereas stroke was more in urban India. There was no significant difference in overall prevalence of cognitive impairment between the rural and urban cohorts; however, women had higher prevalence than men in rural, whereas this was reverse in urban subjects. Depression and stroke were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the rural cohort.DiscussionLongitudinal assessment of these neuropsychiatric conditions, with parallel cognitive monitoring, will help identify their causal relationship with dementia.
Heterogeneous Hydrogenation with Hydrogen Spillover Enabled by Nitrogen Vacancies on Boron Nitride‐Supported Pd Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Yazhou , Zhan Shaoqi , Liu Kunlong , Qiao Mengfei , Liu Ning , Qin Ruixuan , Xiao Liangping , You Pengyao , Jing Wentong , Zheng Nanfeng 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHeterogeneous hydrogenation with hydrogen spillover has been demonstrated as an effective route to achieve high selectivity towards target products. More effort should be paid to understand the complicated correlation between the nature of supports and hydrogenation involving hydrogen spillover. Herein, we report the development of the hydrogenation system of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN)‐supported Pd nanoparticles for the hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones to alcohols with hydrogen spillover. Nitrogen vacancies in h‐BN determine the feasibility of hydrogen spillover from Pd to h‐BN. The hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones with hydrogen spillover from Pd proceeds on nitrogen vacancies on h‐BN. The weak adsorption of alcohols to h‐BN inhibits the deep hydrogenation of aldehydes/ketones, thus leading to high catalytic selectivity to alcohols. Moreover, the hydrogen spillover‐based hydrogenation mechanism makes the catalyst system exhibit a high tolerance to CO poisoning.
Influence of Side Chain Conformation on the Activity of Glycosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Tseng Po‐Sen , Ande Chennaiah , Moremen Kelley W. , Crich David 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubstrate side chain conformation impacts reactivity during glycosylation and glycoside hydrolysis and is restricted by many glycosidases and glycosyltransferases during catalysis. We show that the side chains of gluco and manno iminosugars can be restricted to predominant conformations by strategic installation of a methyl group. Glycosidase inhibition studies reveal that iminosugars with the gauche,gauche side chain conformations are 6‐ to 10‐fold more potent than isosteric compounds with the gauche,trans conformation; a manno‐configured iminosugar with the gauche,gauche conformation is a 27‐fold better inhibitor than 1‐deoxymannojirimycin. The results are discussed in terms of the energetic benefits of preorganization, particularly when in synergy with favorable hydrophobic interactions. The demonstration that inhibitor side chain preorganization can favorably impact glycosidase inhibition paves the way for improved inhibitor design through conformational preorganization.
Clinical Issues—January 2023
Authors: Jones Emily 
Published: December 2022

THIS MONTH
Janus kinase inhibitor therapy and venous thromboembolism risk factors
Key words: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis, extended‐duration prophylaxis.
Identifying validated venous thromboembolism risk assessment tools
Key words: venous thromboembolism (VTE) protocol, Caprini risk assessment model (RAM), risk identification, clinical workflow, bleeding risk.
Timing of the preoperative venous thromboembolism risk assessment
Key words: Caprini risk assessment model (RAM), venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, patient assessment, presurgical testing visit, family history.
Communicating venous thromboembolism and bleeding risk after surgery
Key words: venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk, bleeding risk, hand over, postanesthesia care unit RN, intraoperative events.
Characterization and analysis of toughened bio‐oil‐based phenolic foam prepared from poplar
Authors: Geng Fanhui , Wu Haijun , Wang Biao , Yuan Yamei , Zhang Kai , Xu Xia , Xu Jian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDifferent catalysts (NaOH, H2O2, and NaOH/H2O2) was used to catalyze the conversion of poplar to bio‐oil, which was then used to synthesize bio‐oil‐based phenolic foam (BPM). The bio‐oil and BPM were characterized with GC–MS, FT‐IR, TGA, optical microscope, extreme oxygen index analyzer, and universal testing machine. The results showed that the BPM had the better flame retardancy. The maximum limiting oxygen index was 37.7% found on the BPM prepared from NaOH/H2O2‐catalyzed bio‐oil. Compared with NaOH or H2O2, the NaOH/H2O2 presented synergistic catalysis in producing bio‐oil with the highest phenolic content. The BPM synthesized with the bio‐oil substitution at 20% showed the maximum compressive strength of 0.27 MPa. After the microscopic observation and TGA, it was found that BPM prepared from NaOH/H2O2 catalyzed bio‐oil had more uniform and tiny bubbles, and higher thermal stability. In addition, a reasonable reaction mechanism was provided to explain the role of bio‐oil in BPM synthesis.
Rapidly rotating neutron stars with realistic nuclear matter equation of state
Authors: Kacskovics Balázs , Barta Dániel , Vasúth Mátyás 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe performed the comparison of three different numerical codes for constructing equilibrium models; (I) a code for static equilibrium configurations, (II) an implementation of the Hartle–Thorne slow‐rotation approximation, (III) a numerical solution of the full Einstein equations by LORENE. We aimed to construct sequences of uniformly rotating configurations at various rotation frequencies up to the Keplerian frequency for a hybrid hadronic–quark matter EOS where a smooth transition is provided between two separate phases. We investigated the difference between the results computed by the implementation of Hartle–Thorne slow‐rotation approximation and by LORENE/nrotstar, respectively. We have concluded that the codes can increase the difference between the slow‐rotating and the fast‐rotating approach exponentially, reaching 6.67% for the maximal mass configuration rotating at the Keplerian frequency.