bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AdipoAI suppresses osteoclastogenesis by activating AdipoR1/APPL1: An in vivo experimental study in diabetes‐associated peri‐implantitis
Authors: Qiu Wei , Chen Zehao , Wang Zhaodan , Chen Yuanting , Luan Kaiqi , Zhang Kaiying , Yu Hongwen , Tu Qisheng , Chen Jake , Wu Hongle , Fang Fuchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimDiabetics experience severe peri‐implant inflammatory bone damage. We aimed to provide powerful evidence supporting the novel adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoAI in treating diabetes‐associated peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four ZDF‐Leprfa/Crl rats were randomly allocated to three groups (N = 8). After feeding with a high‐fat diet to establish diabetic rats, experimental peri‐implantitis was induced by implanting titanium rods (1.5 mm diameter and 20 mm length) contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus into the femurs. Radiographic evaluation, microCT, histological analyses and qRT–PCR were used to detect inflammatory infiltration and bone destruction. In vitro, the inhibition by AdipoAI of osteoclastogenesis, including the number and function of osteoclasts, was investigated by TRAP staining, immunofluorescence, qRT–PCR and Western blotting. Immunofluorescence, qRT–PCR and Western blotting were also utilized to explore AdipoR1, APPL1, NF‐κB and Wnt5a‐Ror2 signalling molecules in this process. One‐way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare the data.ResultsAdipoAI reduced inflammation and bone destruction caused by peri‐implantitis in diabetic rats, which were manifested by a reduction in F4/80‐positive macrophage infiltration by 72%, the number of osteoclasts by 58% and the levels of cytokines (p < .05) in disease group. In vitro, 1 μM AdipoAI decreased the number of osteoclasts to 51%, inhibited F‐actin ring formation and reduced the levels of related markers (p < .05). Mechanistically, AdipoAI activated AdipoR1/APPL1 and conversely suppressed the phosphorylation of IκB‐α, nuclear translocation of P65 and the Wnt5a‐Ror2 signalling pathway (p < .05).ConclusionsAdipoAI suppressed osteoclastogenesis in diabetes‐associated peri‐implantitis by inhibiting the NF‐κB and Wnt5a‐Ror2 pathways via the AdipoR1/APPL1 axis.
Trends in NLRP3 inflammasome research in ischemic stroke from 2011 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhu Hua , Zhang Yonggang , Feng Shi , Li Yina , Ye Yingze , Jian Zhihong , Xiong Xiaoxing , Gu Lijuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke is a leading cause of permanent disability and death globally. The nucleotide‐biding oligomaerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a multi‐protein complex that plays a role in ischemic stroke. Recently, research on the role of NLRP3 in ischemic stroke has developed rapidly worldwide. However, there is no bibliometric analysis of NLRP3 in ischemic stroke to date.AimThrough bibliometric analysis, the aim of this study was to assess the current state of research on NLRP3 in the field of ischemic stroke research worldwide over the past 12 years and to identify important results, major research areas, and emerging trends.MethodsPublications related to NLRP3 in ischemic stroke from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2022 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used HistCite, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix for bibliometric analysis and visualization. The Total Global Citation Score (TGCS) was employed to assess the impact of publications.ResultsWe found that research of NLRP3 in ischemic stroke developed rapidly starting in 2011. 601 relevant studies have been published in 245 journals over the past 12 years. Journal of Neuroinflammation and International Immunopharmacology were the most productive journals and Journal of Neuroinflammation was the most cited journal. Additionally, Stroke and Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism were the most co‐cited journal. The most productive country was China (records = 430) and the most productive university was the Zhejiang University (records = 24). Arumugam TV (TGCS = 949) was the most cited author in this field. NLRP3 inflammasome activation, nf–κb, oxidative stress, and inflammation were the knowledge bases for the research in this field.ConclusionThis study is a scientometric study utilizing quantitative and qualitative methods to comprehensively review the publications on NLRP3 in ischemic stroke. This information provides a reference for scholars to further study NLRP3 in ischemic stroke.
Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) can directly transmit the fungal pathogens responsible for Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death
Authors: Roy Kylle , Jaenecke Kelly A. , Dunkle Ellen J. , Mikros Dan , Peck Robert W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe ecologically and culturally vital tree species, ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), is threatened by the fungal pathogens Ceratocystis lukuohia and Ceratocystis huliohia, the causal agents of the disease complex called Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death (ROD). Four invasive ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) species in the Xyleborini tribe colonize ROD Ceratocystis‐infested ‘ōhiʻa and produce inoculum through their frass; however, the potential for direct transmission of the ROD fungi by these beetles was unknown. We fulfilled Leach's rules to support insect transmission of ROD by documenting the visitation of these ambrosia beetles to healthy ‘ōhiʻa trees, culturing C. lukuohia and C. huliohia from the ROD‐associated beetles using three different collection methods at multiple study sites, and challenging healthy ʻōhiʻa seedlings with beetles that were exposed to both C. lukuohia and C. huliohia cultures. We documented all four invasive ROD‐associated ambrosia beetle species including Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, and Xyleborus perforans to regularly visit healthy ʻōhiʻa trees on sticky traps. Viable Ceratocystis propagules were isolated from all species, and C. lukuohia was most commonly isolated of the two ROD‐causing fungi. Consistently across all collection techniques, ROD Ceratocystis spp. were detected on just under 3% of all assayed beetles, with the highest detection rate from X. affinis. All four beetle species were capable of directly transmitting both pathogens to healthy ʻōhiʻa seedlings with a high rate of transfer. Ceratocystis spp. are highly virulent pathogens in trees, and a single inoculation can result in tree death, therefore any direct transmission is a cause for concern. After meeting the criteria of Leach's rules, we propose that Xi. saxesenii, X. affinis, X. ferrugineus, and X. perforans are vectors of C. lukuohia and C. huliohia, particularly in areas of high ROD pressure and tree stress.
Effect of heat treatment and defects on the tensile behavior of a hot work tool steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Zanni Mattia , Berto Filippo , Vullum Per Erik , Tonelli Lavinia , Morri Alessandro , Ceschini Lorella 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrostructure and tensile properties of a hot work tool steel manufactured via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) were investigated. Specimens were built under two different orientations and subjected to two quenching and tempering heat treatments, featuring different austenitizing and tempering temperatures and the eventual presence of a sub‐zero step. Microstructural analyses revealed a homogeneous tempered martensite structure after both heat treatments, with the only distinction of a higher alloying segregation at a sub micrometric scale length in samples subjected to the highest tempering temperatures. Hardness and tensile tests indicated a negligible effect of building orientation on mechanical properties, but a significant influence of heat treatment parameters. The treatment featuring the lower tempering temperatures and the sub‐zero step resulted in higher hardness, tensile strength, and elongation, attributed to a lower martensite tempering and alloying segregation. Tensile fracture occurred via crack initiation and unstable propagation from large LPBF defects in all the investigated conditions.
The energy–water limitation threshold explains divergent drought responses in tree growth, needle length, and stable isotope ratios
Authors: Dudney Joan , Latimer Andrew M. , van Mantgem Phillip , Zald Harold , Willing Claire E. , Nesmith Jonathan C. B. , Cribbs Jennifer , Milano Elizabeth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicted increases in extreme droughts will likely cause major shifts in carbon sequestration and forest composition. Although growth declines during drought are widely documented, an increasing number of studies have reported both positive and negative responses to the same drought. These divergent growth patterns may reflect thresholds (i.e., nonlinear responses) promoted by changes in the dominant climatic constraints on tree growth. Here we tested whether stemwood growth exhibited linear or nonlinear responses to temperature and precipitation and whether stemwood growth thresholds co‐occurred with multiple thresholds in source and sink processes that limit tree growth. We extracted 772 tree cores, 1398 needle length records, and 1075 stable isotope samples from 27 sites across whitebark pine's (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) climatic niche in the Sierra Nevada. Our results indicated that a temperature threshold in stemwood growth occurred at 8.4°C (7.12–9.51°C; estimated using fall‐spring maximum temperature). This threshold was significantly correlated with thresholds in foliar growth, as well as carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios, that emerged during drought. These co‐occurring thresholds reflected the transition between energy‐ and water‐limited tree growth (i.e., the E–W limitation threshold). This transition likely mediated carbon and nutrient cycling, as well as important differences in growth‐defense trade‐offs and drought adaptations. Furthermore, whitebark pine growing in energy‐limited regions may continue to experience elevated growth in response to climate change. The positive effect of warming, however, may be offset by growth declines in water‐limited regions, threatening the long‐term sustainability of the recently listed whitebark pine species in the Sierra Nevada.
Social work in space: Expanding policy and practice into the cosmos
Authors: Yingling Marissa E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs private interests expand in space, what is the significance, if any, to social work? To answer this question, I present several implications of contemporary human activities in space and assess their relevance to environmental and ecological justice. Specifically, I evaluate the connection between the profession and the commercialization and exploitation of space resources, human‐generated cosmic “trash,” and terrestrial challenges. I conclude that social work must “look to the stars” and help humanity navigate competing interests in a delicate space future. Nearly a quarter century ago, ecological consequences of human activity prompted social work to incorporate the natural environment into practice. In preparation for the realization of modern extraterrestrial objectives, I propose that social work expand its conceptualization of the natural environment from ecosphere to cosmos. In this uncharted context, I propose future directions and offer questions to which leaders, scholars, and practitioners might begin seeking answers.
Identifying the real‐world challenges of dysplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary health network
Authors: Elford Alexander T. , Hirsch Ryan , McKay Owen M. , Browne Mitchell , Moore Gregory T. , Bell Sally , Swan Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDysplasia surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often suboptimal and deviates from guidelines.AimsTo assess dysplasia surveillance behaviours and adherence to guidelines amongst a large tertiary teaching health network with a specialised IBD unit to identify areas where dysplasia surveillance could be improved.MethodsA retrospective audit of IBD surveillance colonoscopy practice over an 18‐month period was performed using the Provation Endoscopy Database and the hospital's primary sclerosing cholangitis database.ResultsThe audit identified 115 dysplasia surveillance colonoscopies. A total of 37% of index dysplasia colonoscopies were outside recommended guidelines. A total of 10% had inadequate bowel preparation and only 40% had excellent bowel preparation. A total of 28% of patients underwent dye‐based chromoendoscopy and 69% underwent high‐definition white‐light endoscopy. Dye chromoendoscopy was more likely to be used by IBD specialists than interventional endoscopists (P = 0.008) and other endoscopists (P = 0.004). Only IBD specialists and interventional endoscopists used dye chromoendoscopy. Dysplasia or colorectal cancer was detected in 3.4% of the colonoscopies. Overall, the several dysplasia examinations were lower than expected.ConclusionsDysplasia surveillance in the IBD population remains an area of improvement given the current national guidelines. IBD specialists are more likely to perform dye chromoendoscopy than other endoscopists/gastroenterologists. Dysplasia rates in this real‐world contemporary setting are less than expected in historical studies and may represent improvements in IBD management principles and medications.
Rapid assessment of case recruitment tools to inform integrated surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses in Eastern Mediterranean countries
Authors: Mathieu Erin , Alam Noore , El Naja Hala Abou , Khan Wasiq 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInfluenza‐like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) case recruitment tools from 10 countries were reviewed. The contents of the existing tools were compared against World Health Organization's current guidelines, and we also assessed the content validity (accuracy, completeness and consistency). Five of the ILI tools and two of the SARI tools were rated as having high accuracy against WHO case definitions. ILI completeness ranged from 25% to 86% and SARI from 52% to 96%. Average internal consistency scores were 86% for ILI and 94% for SARI. Limitations in the content validity of influenza case recruitment tools may compromise recruitment of eligible cases and result in varying detection rates across countries.
A multi‐method quasi‐experimental study to assess compassion satisfaction/fatigue in nurses, midwives and allied health professionals receiving a narrative medicine intervention
Authors: Dobrina Raffaella , Bicego Livia , Giangreco Manuela , Cassone Andrea , Schreiber Silvana , Buchini Sara , Piazza Maria , Muzzatti Barbara , Rigoni Patrizia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo: (1) measure the impact of a narrative medicine intervention on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction of nurses, midwives and allied health professionals; (2) explore participants' working experiences and (3) their impressions of the intervention.DesignMulti‐methods, quasi‐experimental before‐after intervention design.MethodsThe intervention consisted of 20 narrative medicine sessions (60 h). Healthcare providers (N = 48) from a mother‐and‐child hospital in Italy completed the ‘Professional quality of life’ questionnaire before and after the intervention (January 2020–April 2021). Baseline scores served as internal controls. Open‐ended questions explored participants' touching experiences at work and their evaluation of the intervention. A thematic content analysis was performed. Reporting followed the TREND and SRQR guidelines.ResultsThe differences before‐after intervention in compassion satisfaction or fatigue scores were not statistically significant. Three themes emerged from participants' touching experiences: “Witnessing death and sufferance”; “Witnessing violence” and “Organizational stressors during COVID‐19”. A statistically significantly higher median score for post‐intervention compassion satisfaction was found among participants who reported at least one touching experience compared to those who had no touching experience. Four themes emerged from the reported strengths of the program: “Learning to exteriorize feelings”; “Team building”; “Useful to rework personal/professional journey” and “Develops professional empowerment”. Two themes emerged from reported weaknesses: “Programme organization” and “Participants' difficulties in sharing experiences”.ConclusionA time‐limited narrative medicine intervention is not sufficient to produce significant changes in satisfaction or compassion fatigue, especially if implemented during a pandemic. However, such an intervention holds promise for supporting nurses and midwives' professional empowerment and promoting continuity of compassionate care.ImpactFor those at risk of compassion fatigue, policymakers need to invest in training in narrative medicine, which promotes team building, and employee well‐being and thus favours compassionate care. Such programmes should be offered to undergraduate students to nurture compassion and attention to self.Patient or Public ContributionDoes not apply as the study only includes health care providers.
How accurate are rebuttable presumptions of pretrial dangerousness? A natural experiment from New Mexico
Authors: Moore Cristopher , Ferguson Elise , Guerin Paul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn New Mexico and many other jurisdictions, judges may detain defendants pretrial if the prosecutor proves, through clear and convincing evidence, that releasing them would pose a danger to the public. However, some policymakers argue that certain classes of defendants should have a “rebuttable presumption” of dangerousness, shifting the burden of proof to the defense. Using data on over 15,000 felony defendants who were released pretrial in a 4‐year period in New Mexico, we measure how many of them would have been detained by various presumptions, and what fraction of these defendants in fact posed a danger in the sense that they were charged with a new crime during pretrial supervision. We consider presumptions based on the current charge, past convictions, past failures to appear, past violations of conditions of release, and combinations of these drawn from recent legislative proposals. We find that for all these criteria, at most 8% of the defendants they identify are charged pretrial with a new violent crime (felony or misdemeanor), and at most 5% are charged with a new violent felony. The false‐positive rate, that is, the fraction of defendants these policies would detain who are not charged with any new crime pretrial, ranges from 71% to 90%. The broadest legislative proposals, such as detaining all defendants charged with a violent felony, are little more accurate than detaining a random sample of defendants released under the current system, and would jail 20 or more people to prevent a single violent felony. We also consider detention recommendations based on risk scores from the Arnold Public Safety Assessment (PSA). Among released defendants with the highest risk score and the “violence flag,” 7% are charged with a new violent felony and 71% are false positives. We conclude that these criteria for rebuttable presumptions do not accurately target dangerous defendants: they cast wide nets and recommend detention for many pretrial defendants who do not pose a danger to the public.
Digital highways and firm turnover
Authors: Cambini Carlo , Sabatino Lorien 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the impact of ultra‐broadband (UBB) internet connections on firm entry and exit dynamics. These connections are based on optical fiber cables that link telecommunication operators to final users, allowing a significantly higher performance compared with traditional copper‐line networks. We leverage on a unique comprehensive dataset collecting municipality‐level information on broadband diffusion and firm turnover in Italy for the period of 2012–2019. Our empirical strategy exploits the staggered roll‐out of UBB, starting from 2015. Our identification strategy is based on an instrumental variable approach that exploits plausibly exogenous variation in the physical and geographical peculiarities of the telecommunication infrastructure. Results suggest that UBB increases firm exit, particularly for small firms. On the contrary, firm entry rises only in digital intensive sectors and in the most developed geographical areas. Our findings have important implications for the ongoing debate around the massive investments in high‐speed digital infrastructures, as they argue against the conventional idea that business activities equally benefit from last‐generation broadband technologies.
Initiation of oral anticoagulation in US older adults newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation during hospitalization
Authors: Troy Aaron L. , Herzig Shoshana J. , Trivedi Shrunjal , Anderson Timothy S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation is a common cause of stroke among older adults and is often first detected during hospitalization, given frequent use of cardiac telemetry.MethodsIn a 20% national sample of Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries, we identified patients aged 65‐or‐older newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation while hospitalized in 2016. Our primary outcome was an oral anticoagulant claim within 7‐days of discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed relationships between anticoagulation initiation and thromboembolic and bleeding risk scores while controlling for demographics, frailty, comorbidities, and hospitalization characteristics.ResultsAmong 38,379 older adults newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation while hospitalized (mean age 78.2 [SD 8.4]; 51.8% female; 83.3% white), 36,633 (95.4%) had an indication for anticoagulation and 24.6% (9011) of those initiated an oral anticoagulant following discharge. Higher CHA2DS2‐VASc score was associated with a small increase in oral anticoagulant initiation (predicted probability 20.5% [95% CI, 18.7%–22.3%] for scores <2 and 24.9% [CI, 24.4%–25.4%] for ≥4). Elevated HAS‐BLED score was associated with a small decrease in probability of anticoagulant initiation (25.4% [CI, 24.4%–26.4%] for score <2 and 23.1% [CI, 22.5%–23.8%] for ≥3). Frailty was associated with decreased likelihood of oral anticoagulant initiation (24.7% [CI, 23.2%–26.2%] for non‐frail and 18.1% [CI, 16.6%–19.6%] for moderately‐severely frail). Anticoagulant initiation varied by primary reason for hospitalization, with predicted probability highest among patients with a primary diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (46.1% [CI, 45.0%–47.3%]) and lowest among those with non‐cardiovascular conditions (13.8% [CI, 13.3%–14.3%]) and bleeds (3.6% [CI, 2.4%–4.8%]).ConclusionsOral anticoagulant initiation is uncommon among older adults newly diagnosed with atrial fibrillation during hospitalization, even among patients hospitalized primarily for atrial fibrillation and patients with high thromboembolic risk. Clinicians should discuss risks and benefits of oral anticoagulants with all inpatients found to have atrial fibrillation.