bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low Velocity Impact Response of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slabs
Authors: Abdulsahib Wael Shawky , Abduljabbar Marwah S. , Almuhsin Bayrak S. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Dimensions of the reference concrete slab are 1950x1950x100 mm subjected to drop-weight impact loading.

Objective
A comprehensive parametric study was performed to examine the influence of many parameters on the RC slabs.

Method
From the viewpoint of cost and time savings, a three-dimensional finite element is a very good tool to predict the real behavior of the structural elements.

Result and Discussion
Results showed that the use of CFRP strips enhance the impact behavior of the slab. Contrarily, the existence of opening led to a dramatic decrease in the dynamic capacity of RC slabs with stress concentration around the openings. Furthermore, changing the shape of the impactor showed a significant effect on the peak impact load as well as the ultimate deflection at impact instant.

Conclusion
In the scope of this paper, the response of RC slab with top and bottom reinforcements exposed to drop-weight impact loading was inspected. Time histories of impact loads and deflections were presented in detail based on ABAQUS/ Explicit analysis. The findings presented in this paper can be presented as follows:
1. The FE models show a good correlation with the experimental data. Consequently, the proposed finite element models are efficient and economical tool to explorer the effect of many parameters on the performance of RC slabs subjected to drop-weight impact load.
2. The numerical simulation confirmed that using externally bonded CFRP strips has more influence on the peak deflection of the reinforced concrete slab than the recorded impact force.
3. Comparing to the flat shape of the impactor, the hemispherical and curved shape impactor can produce large penetration depth at the impact zone with higher plastic deformations in the concrete slab. However, the flat impactor produced higher deflection at the impact instant.
4. As the radius of the impactor increases, both the duration time and the peak impact force are increased. This is because of the higher contact area was obtained when the flat impactor (infinity radius of curvature) was used as compared to other impactors.
5. Due to decreases in RC slab stiffness, the presence of openings (regardless of their shape) has considerably increased deformations in concrete especially around perimeter of the openings extended to the nearby support.
6. It has been found that the eccentric impact loading causes higher plastic deformations than the concentric one.
Trans-sinus Implant using TTPHIL-ALL-TILT ®Technique as Alternative to Sinus Lifts: A Technical Description and Case Series
Authors: Nag P Venkat Ratna , Puppala Sarika , Roy Manisha 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Severe atrophy of maxillary ridge and extended maxillary sinus pneumatisation limits the treatment options available for rehabilitating patients with teeth missing in posterior maxilla. Sinus lifts followed by bone grafting has become the norm for rehabilitating such patients. But, sinus lift procedures can be cumbersome, time-consuming and uneconomical, especially if patients are in need of immediate function.

Objective:
This case series describes a unique combination of placing trans- sinus implants using TTPHIL-ALL-TILT ® technique for treating patients with atrophied posterior maxilla.

Methods:
Three different clinical situations have been described where trans-sinus placement of implants using TTPHIL-ALL-TILT ® technique was done for managing atrophied posterior maxilla. first case was that of a single tooth missing in the posterior maxilla, the second of multiple posterior tooth missing (distal extension, partially edentulous condition) and the third being that of a completely edentulous maxilla. The implants were placed in a flapless tilted manner along with double bi-cortical engagement through the maxillary sinus.

Results and Discussion:
Following prosthetic rehabilitation, clinical reviews were performed after 6 months. In all cases, implant stability was manually checked and no pathological symptoms or signs were recovered at any follow-up visit.

Conclusion:
Trans-sinus implant using TTPHIL-ALL-TILT ® technique prove to be good choice to rehabilitate these three clinical scenarios. All three patients were extremely satisfied with the treatment outcome. This could very well become a convenient treat alternative to sinus lift procedures.
Crown’s Intervention in the Self-Government of a Small Town. Choosing Burgomasters and Councillors in Sortavala in the Swedish Borderlands in the Late 17th and Early 18th Century
Authors: Katajala Kimmo 
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the selection of burgomasters and councillors in the small town of Sortavala. The purpose of investigating these processes is to use the typology in this volume to find out who had decisive control over the town.
Sortavala had been donated in the 1650s to Count Gustaf Adam Banér, who also appointed the town’s burgomasters. Count Banér never visited the town, but his affairs and manor were managed by a bailiff. Although not nominated as the burgomaster, these duties were carried out by the bailiff of the Count’s estate in the 1670s. There is no record of how the councillors were elected during that period. However, almost all of the councillors were local eastern Finns or of Karelian peasant origin. In this era, Sortavala can be characterised as having resembled, at least in part, the category of a noble town.
The largest fiefdoms were reduced in 1680. Between 1681 and 1685, the Sortavala burghers paid their taxes to the Crown. During this period, they were actively involved in the selection of councillors. Johan Mether, who had managed the manor and estate, first for the Count and then for the Crown, and from 1685 as a tax-farmer, held the position of burgomaster. In the early 1690s, when Mether’s son-in-law, Carl Ottoson, was appointed vice burgomaster, the Mether family ruled the town so that it assumed the features of a privatised monopoly town. The influence of the manor increased even further when Salomon Enberg, who was also appointed burgomaster by the governor general, became the new tax-farmer of the manor. Under Enberg, the role of the town’s burghers in the election of the burgomaster and the councillors seems to have completely vanished.
After Enberg, the governor general appointed Benjamin Krook as burgomaster. There is no information on how new councillors were selected during his time. However, the names and backgrounds of the new councillors suggest that education or social status was now an important selection criterion. Under Benjamin Krook, the link between the manor and the burgomaster’s post seems to have been broken, so that in the last decade before being destroyed in the war in 1710, Sortavala ranks quite clearly in the state-led town category in urban typology.
A evolução dos recursos federais nos programas de transporte escolar: impactos na educação básica
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia , Ferreira de Jesus Wellington 
Published: January 2023

O presente estudo exploratório apresenta a situação do investimento público federal para os programas de transporte escolar mantidos pelo governo federal para atendimento da educação básica. São analisadas a estrutura orçamentária, as fontes de recursos, as condições de execução das ações e a expansão do atendimento no intervalo de 2003 a 2012. Nesse contexto, utilizou-se a análise documental para abordar se houve avanço nos indicadores educacionais e se essa evolução se deve ao crescimento do financiamento apresentado neste artigo. A análise das informações permitiu verificar a evolução de recursos financeiros da política de transporte escolar que impactam a vida escolar dos estudantes da educação básica.
Social entrepreneurship in the mechanism of realization of constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen
Authors: Byelov D. , Rosul N. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the concept and legal nature of social business through the prism of the mechanism of realizationof the constitutional rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen and the peculiarities of the implementation of social business models in Ukraine. The article analyzes successful social entrepreneurship projects that built their model taking into account two factors: the business component and the social component.
Problematic issues caused by the introduction of martial law in Ukraine and aggression by the Russian Federation in the sphere of the realization of constitutional rights, in particular the right to social protection, to work in conditions of war, are outlined. Taking into account the large number of internally displaced persons, destroyed enterprises, persons who need additional financial support and deficit in the budget, the importance of social entrepreneurship is substantiated.
It is noted that local communities around the world play an increasingly important role in solving social problems. Ukraine is also following the path of decentralization, and it is really working. Due to the desire of a certain target group to take responsibility and the will of the center to give it,new initiatives arise that can change the world.
In the course of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that social entrepreneurship can symbolize the departure of Ukrainian society fromcollectivism and the transition to individualism, where legal entities and natural personsentrepreneurs, through their activities on their own initiative, create decent conditions for the life of socially vulnerable segments of the population.
Special means in police activity: a new concept
Authors: Boyko O. , Zhbanchyk A. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to a theoretical study of the problems of legal regulation of the use of special means by police officers during the performance of official duties. The analysis was carried out and the general characteristics of the existing classification of special means, the interpretation of the normative-legal definition of the methods of their implementation, and the lack of a unified view of these elements of official activity were noted.
It is noted about the peculiarities during the introduction of martial law of the service and service-combat activities of the police, which consist in the possibility for its employees to use any improvised means in a special capacity and to ignore the general rules (order and conditions) of application in cases of the need to repel an attack or detain a person and elimination of danger in a state of extreme necessity regarding a certain category of offenders: persons participating in armed aggression against Ukraine. It is emphasized that an official interpretation of such a right is required in the field of application of special means.
It was determined that special means are used mainly within the scope of police powers, either preventive (inadmissibility of injuries) or coercive (maximum lethal consequences, disabling of personnel and military equipment). But some of the provided means have a combined scope of application, and during the period of martial law they can change their purpose depending on the situation of use, which requires a review of the affiliation of certain special means to coercive ones. The problems of the ambiguity of enlisting service animals as coercive police measures, as well as the lack of certainty among special means that allow the exercise of official powers, such as those belonging to mandatory tactical medical equipment, are highlighted. This will make it possible to harmonize the terminology used in the relevant law ("medical", "pre-medical", "non-medical" assistance).
The validity of a conceptually and fundamentally new approach to the existing system of special means, which are used or used for the performance of police powers, is determined, and its improvement is a promising direction of law-making.
Administrative and legal activities of the State Customs Service in the conditions of war and prospects of European integration
Authors: Dorofeieva L. , Korneva T. 
Published: January 2023

Emergency situations of martial law, affecting society, create special conditions for the activities of all state authorities, including the State Customs Service of Ukraine. Complicating the process of state administration, the conditions that arose during the war require special legal, organizational, financial, and material and technical support.
It leds to the need to research regulatory approaches and determine the administrative and legal activities of customs authorities in the conditions of martial law and the prospects of movement in the EU.
The article clarifies and analyzes normative legal acts of national legislation that underwent changes during martial law in the context of their harmonization and fulfillment of the terms of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union in the field of customs affairs.
Attention is focused on the relevance of the problems of unification and simplification of customs procedures when moving goods across the customs border of Ukraine during martial law. The reform of the customs service is defined as a continuous process, where many means and methods are experimentally developed, which make professional training quite effective and promising. The process of using the norms of customs law to ensure the interaction of the state with the public, the effective participation of civil society institutions in the formation and implementation of customs policy, and the protection of their rights and interests is argued.
Attention is attracted to separate problems in three topical areas of reforming and functioning of Ukrainian customs, in particular customs rules, customs service, customs services and procedures.
The article outlines the peculiarities of the relationship between the legal categories "administrative activity of the customs service" and "state management of customs affairs". Separate areas of activity of customs authorities regarding the implementation of the human rights mechanism of the state were considered. The content of the administrative activity of customs authorities in the field of ensuring the rights and freedoms of subjects of foreign economic activity during the state of war and movement in the EU is revealed.
A conclusion was made about the need to involve the business environment in the implementation of procedures for the movement of Ukraine in the EU in the field of customs affairs. The directions for improving the administrative and legal basis of the activities of customs authorities in the conditions of war and the prospects of European integration are outlined, in particular, based on the study of foreign experience of the administrative and legal regulation of the functioning of customs authorities in the EU and the determination of the possibilities of its use in Ukraine.
Concept of professional legal aid in Ukraine: general theoretical aspect
Authors: Mishchuk І. 
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes key issues of professional legal assistance at a general theoretical level. The article defines that everyone's access to professional legal aid is a fundamental right, which is enshrined at the international legal and constitutional legal level. The right to professional legal assistance, its content and legal nature are described. Taking into account the interpretations of the studied concept of professional legal aid present in the scientific opinion, it is defined as the professional activity of lawyers, which is aimed at realizing the constitutional right to professional legal aid with the aim of observing the legitimate interests, rights and freedoms of a person by solving a problematic legal situation through the provision of legal services.
The main problems that cause the lack of unity regarding the definition of the content of professional legal assistance are identified: terminological inconsistency in the legislation, lack of a unified approach in scientific opinion. The main approaches to the relationship between the concepts of "professional legal aid" and "legal aid" in legal science are analyzed and the content of professional legal aid is determined according to the main approaches available in the scientific literature. The specifics of professional legal assistance and its types are determined.
It is summarized that the legislator established in Art. 59 of the Constitution of Ukraine the right to professional legal assistance, but at present there is a terminological inconsistency with this provision of the content of other legislative acts. Taking into account the above, it is proposed to improve the legal regulation of the institute of professional legal assistance by making changes to the normative legal acts that regulate various aspects of providing professional legal assistance and to eliminate terminological disagreements regarding the definition of professional legal assistance.
Administrative and legal characteristics of digitization in the field of customs affairs
Authors: Shevchenko L. 
Published: January 2023

Customs procedures for the crossing of goods and vehicles across the border play an important role in the system of customs policy instruments. Ukraine’s international trade is developing at a rapid pace, in particular, there is an increase in the volume of imports of goods into Ukraine, in view of this, international organizations are increasing the requirements for the unhindered entry of foreign goods into the domestic market of Ukraine, therefore there is a need for constant improvement of customs control procedures in Ukraine in the field of digitalization of the customs space state
Thus, the World Customs Organization defined approaches to speeding up and simplifying customs procedures in its program documents – the International Convention on the Simplification and Harmonization of Customs Procedures, Framework Standards for Security and Facilitation of World Trade. Since Ukraine aspires to full membership in the EU, the course of its customs policy should be aimed at improving the digitalization system atcustoms.
It is quite obvious that speeding up and simplifying customs procedures is not possible with the use of old technologies based on paper documents. Here, information customs technologies come to the fore, the basis of which is electronic document flow. The introduction of electronic document circulation makes it possible to significantly reduce the time for receipt, processing and decision-making regarding the movement of goods across the customs border of Ukraine, the release of goods into free circulation, reduce the risks associated with customs offenses and smuggling, which in turn will ensure the growth of goods turnover, and therefore, an increase in revenues to the state budget.
Therefore, today there is an urgent need to speed up the process of digitalization of customs policy in order to improve the effectiveness of customs procedures in Ukraine, review approaches to ensure their effectiveness and form an effective customs risk management system. The customs structure of the state must have powerful information support in the form of a qualitatively built system of information and analytical support. This can be achieved by creating a system of information modules. That is why the new stage of development of the customs system of Ukraine is impossible without the development of network information support. Information digitization of customs procedures should correspond to electronic business, trade and electronic foreign economic documents.
The relevance of the modern interpretation of the norm on treason
Authors: Nahorna О. , Dovhaliyk Y. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of treason as one of the crimes which encroach on the elements of Ukraine's national security.
There is a fairly significant danger to the national safety of Ukraine because of annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol from Ukraine by the Russian Federation and because the aggressor state dared a full-scale invasion eight years after the beginning of the Russian-Ukrainian war. So, criminal liability for crimes against the foundations of national security of Ukraine is of particular importance, because these crimes are the most dangerous encroachments on social relations that ensure state sovereignty, territorial integrity, inviolability and defense capability of the state, state security of Ukraine and its constitutional order.
In the article, the authors focused on the issue of formation and development of the normative definition of the crime "treason" and responsibility for this crime. Emphasis is placed on the legal acts, which codified the concept of treason, researched and analyzed the different approaches of the legislator to the definition of treason as a crime formed over the centuries.
The authors considered and characterized the elements of the crime: object, subject, objective and subjective aspects of treason as a crime against the foundations of national security of Ukraine, as well as specific features of these elements. In addition, the authors focused on different approaches of scientists to determination of the elements of the crime of "treason" provided for in Article 111 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Emphasis is placed on changes made to the Criminal Code of Ukraine which relate to the strengthening of responsibility for crimes against the foundations of national security of Ukraine, in particular for treason, under the conditions of martial law, the authors found out that the purpose of these changes is to ensure fair punishment of persons who encroach on the safety of the state in the conditions of martial law.
Corruption risks in procedures for receiving humanitarian aid under martial law
Authors: Nesterenko K.O , Bulgakova O.V. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the coverage and analysis of corruption risks and operational deficiencies that arise at various levels of the state's work with humanitarian aid, as well as the search for ways to improve the effectiveness of the mechanism for providing humanitarian aid, minimize the sources of risks, and eliminate the prerequisites for corruption.
It was noted that since the beginning of the large-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of independent Ukraine from February 24, 2022, our country has faced an urgent problem of providing humanitarian aid1 to the military and civilian population, in particular internally displaced persons.
Given the critical importance of this direction of state policy and
information about the problems that accompany the processes of providing humanitarian aid, there was a need to research the specified problems.
The article focuses on how the processes of providing humanitarian aid are implemented in practice during martial law.
A number of corruption risks and operational deficiencies at various stages of receiving humanitarian aid were identified and characterized.
It turns out that at the stage of customs clearance of humanitarian cargo there are risks: -satisfaction of private interests by officials of the State Customs Service of Ukraine; - abuse by officials whose competence is to make a decision on the forced alienation or seizure of property under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law, in order to satisfy the private interests of one's own or third parties; - import of commercial goods into the customs territory of Ukraine under the guise of humanitarian aid, etc.
The article not only lists the procedures and stages of receiving humanitarian aid, analyzes real and potential corruption risks, but also provides suggestions for minimizing corruption risks in the procedures for receiving humanitarian aid under martial law.