bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EarLy Surveillance for autoimmune type 1 diabetes — paediatric screening in the UK
Authors: Quinn Lauren , Dias Renuka , Garstang Joanna , Greenfield Sheila , Richter Alex , Narendran Parth , Shukla David 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundChildren with pre-symptomatic type 1 diabetes can be identified through testing for circulating islet autoantibodies. Identifying children at risk reduces the rates of diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation and allows participation in clinical trials for type 1 diabetes prevention.AimThe Early Surveillance for Autoimmune diabetes study (ELSA) is exploring feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening.MethodThe ELSA study runs from July 2022 to August 2024 and aims to recruit 20 000 children aged 3–13 years. ELSA is screening for islet autoantibodies via dried blood spot (DBS) and subsequent staging via oral glucose tolerance testing. ELSA is exploring feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening.ResultsAt the time of writing, 2582 children have been consented to the study. In the preliminary beta version (July–October 2022), there were 59 expressions of interest, 37 children consented (63%) and 22 kits returned (59%). Of the consented children, 17 families were invited and 8 were passive recruits through friends/family. Reasons for not returning the kit included issue with home-testing (n=1) and concern about the lancet (n=1). One of the DBS kits screened positive (4.5%), but the serum confirmation did not detect autoantibodies. The study launched nationally via social media on 14 November 2022 (World Diabetes Day) leading to a surge in expressions of interest (n=3070). Of these, 2141 children were consented within 36 hours.ConclusionSocial media has been an effective route to recruitment. Community outreach to schools and general practices will be implemented as this study evolves, to explore optimal recruitment modalities and acceptability.
Countering crimes and infractions committed by persons serving prison sentences in Mongolian prisons
Authors: Chuluunbaatar Batbold 
Published: July 2023

The article describes the results of investigating the causes and conditions of crimes and infractions committed by convicts in Mongolian penitentiary institutions. The author describes the Mongolian penal system and analyses the specifics of crimes and infractions committed in the country over a fifty-year period. An increase in crimes related to illicit trafficking in drugs and psychoactive substances, as well as corruption and malfeasance are noted. Attention is drawn to the growing burden on penitentiary institutions and, as a result, the increase in crimes and infractions committed by convicts. The main measures for preventing both individual and group encroachments of convicts on the activity of penitentiary institutions are shown. The effectiveness of the implemented measures is evaluated, promising directions for reducing the criminalization of convicts and preventing recidivism are identified. Their preconditions and peculiarities of countermeasures are explained, as well as the efficiency of prevention.
Methodology, methods. The conclusions made during the research process are the result of using various scientific methods, in particular, analysis and synthesis, as well as systematic and comparative methods of scientific cognition.
Results. The research analyses the organization of Mongolia’s penal system, as well as statistical data on crimes and infractions committed by persons sentenced to imprisonment. The need for a comprehensive and multidisciplinary study of the causes of crimes and infractions is substantiated, and proposals for reducing the level of penal offences are outlined.
Generalidades de la infección por virus sars-cov-2 en recién nacidos
Authors: Benítez Aguilar Iliana , Castillo López. Dorayis , Ramirez Vazquez Erismel 
Published: July 2023

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es una infección de las vías respiratorias causada por un nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, abreviación de Coronavirus 2 del Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Grave), que se reconoció por primera vez en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, en diciembre de 2019 y se diseminó rápidamente lo que llevó a que el 11 de marzo de 2020 la OMS la declarara una pandemia. Los grupos de población con mayor riesgo de padecer la enfermedad incluyen a las personas de edad avanzada, pacientes con enfermedades crónicas o problemas de inmunidad. Los recién nacidos no están exentos de contraer la enfermedad por COVID-19 debido a la inmadurez inmunológica que los caracteriza. Objetivo: Recopilar información relacionada con la infección por SARS-COV-2 COVID-19 en recién nacidos. Método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema a través de búsquedas en diferentes bases de datos bibliográficas: Medigraphic, google chrome, Scielo fueron consultadas 43 referencias bibliográficas y seleccionadas 26 de ellas. Resultados: La información se estructuró en: Generalidades; epidemiologia de la COVID-19 en recién nacidos; manifestaciones clínicas, exámenes complementarios; alimentación durante la COVID-19 sospechada o confirmada; tratamiento, criterios de egreso, vacunación, criterios de egreso y seguimiento al egreso. Conclusiones: Se insiste en la prevención como base fundamental para evitar el contagio por SARAS-COV-2 en los recién nacidos y la importancia de mantener la lactancia materna como principal alimento para los recién nacidos sospechosos o confirmados con la infección por el virus. Se conoce que la infección por el virus SARS-COV-2 en los recién nacidos evoluciona de forma leve no obstante son pacientes de alto riesgo debido a la inmadurez inmunológica que los caracteriza. Los protocolos de actuación e informaciones sobre el tema están sujetos a cambios debido a que la enfermedad por coronavirus SARS-COV-2 aún es objeto de estudio.
High Tuberculosis density incidence rate in Matched Unrelated Allogeneic stem	cell transplantation recipients in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Nóbrega Litvoc Marcelo , Costa Silvia F , Eudes Leal Fabio , Boldim Ferreira Diogo , Banks 	Ferreira Lopes Max Igor , Capuani Ligia , Geraldo Rocha Vanderson 
Published: July 2023

Background: There is limited data regarding Tuberculosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially in endemic countries.
Objectives: We aimed to describe the density incidence rate and standard incidence ratios
(SIR) of tuberculosis in matched unrelated allo-HSCT.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all patients who underwent
Matched unrelated allo-HSCT from 2007-2016 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Tuberculosis
In this population was identified by record linkage between the national HSCT database
(REREME) and the São Paulo State Tuberculosis Control Program database.
Results Five tuberculosis cases(03 males) were identified and described among 1,223 allo-HSCT. The average age was 25 years, and the estimated time between HSCT and Tuberculosis diagnosis was 376 days. Density incidence rate and standardized incidence ratios(SIR) were compared between matched unrelated donor allo-HSCT and the Tuberculosis
database of the São Paulo state (172,925 cases). Considering 2,718 patients/year, the
density incidence rate in the allo-HSCT population was 183 cases/100.000 patients/year
(SIR:4.9 and 95% CI 1.8-11:), much higher than the average rate for the whole population
in the state of São Paulo for the same period: 38.8/100.000 inhabitants.
Conclusion; Allo-HSCT patients are highly vulnerable to tuberculosis disease, in our study
almost five times higher than in general population. Improving epidemiological data and a better surveillance system are essential in tackling this critical condition, especially in endemic countries.
CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 3 & 4, 2018 - A Baobab has Fallen Samir Amin (1931-2018)
Authors: System Journal 
Published: July 2023

In this issue
Editorial: Samir Amin (1931–2018): A Titan has Gone Home to Rest, Godwin Murunga 3Éditorial: Samir Amin (1931–2018) : un géant s’en est allé, Godwin Murunga 6From the Executive Secretary’s Desk, Godwin Murunga 9Du bureau du secrétaire exécutif, Godwin Murunga 10
1. Hommage à Samir Amin, Taladidia Thiombiano 112. Pour Samir Amin, Boubacar Barry 113. My Real Window to the non Arab Africa, Helmi Sharawy 134. Samir Amin was a Personnage, Mahmood Mamdani 155. Professeur Samir Amin : ‘‘Une Etoile s’est éteinte’’, Yoro Diallo 176. Samir Amin: Layer of the Foundations for Africa’s Future, Lansana Keita 187. Samir: Leading Intellectual of the South, Demba Moussa Dembele 198. Samir Amin: A Symbol of Resistance, Theresa Moyo 219. Samir avait raison, Cheikh Guèye 2210. Celebrating the life of Samir Amin – A true communist, Lau Kin Chi 2311. En honneur du Professeur Samir Amin, Bouchra Sidi Hida 2512. The Blue Maoist Jacket, Sit Tsui and Yan Xiaohui 2613. La disparition de Samir Amin, Abdallah Saaf 2714. Samir had a Higher Purpose for Africa, Kenneth Inyani Simala 3115. Hommage posthume à Samir Amin, Mohamed Said Saadi 3116. Dear Samir Amin, You will Remain Alive! Natasha Issa Shivji 3417. Africa Has Lost a Giant: Professor Samir Amin, Ebrima Sall 3418. A Globally Acclaimed Economics Guru, Tony Obeng 3619. An Inspirational Figure, Dzodzi Tsikata 3620. An EMBONDEIRO/BAOBAB Dies, Isabel Maria Casimiro 3721. Samir a marqué son époque, Slaheddine Ben Frej 3722. He left behind a Great Legacy, Mohsin Sidat 3723. The Great Samir Amin Lives on, Pai Obanya 3724. Amin était un Esprit, Andre Mbata Mangu 3825. Disparition du Professeur Samir Amin, Hassan Remaoun 3826. Amin, lnoubliable icône, Ahmat Hessana 3827. Tribute from IDEP 3928. Tribute from CIRFA 3929. Tribute from Arab and African Research Centre, Helmi Sharawy 4030. Précieux héritage pour le monde entier, Djénéba Traoré 4031. Plants will miss your Shade, Issa Shivji 4132. Huge Loss, Freedom Mazwi 4133. A Tribute to a Fighter against Global Capitalism, Horace Campbell 4234. Samir Amin (1931-2018), Pensée et action :en guise d’hommage Hassan Remaoun 4835. Africa’s pioneering Marxist political economist, seen from South Africa – Samir Amin, 1931-2018, Patrick Bond 5536. Notes on the creation of CODESRIA 5837. Note sur la création du CODESRIA 62
Cocaine use is associated with cerebral white matter hyperintensities in HIV disease
Authors: Meade Christina S. , Bell Ryan P. , Towe Sheri L. , Lascola Christopher D. , Al‐Khalil Kareem , Gibson Matthew J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhite matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of cerebral small vessel disease and predictor of cognitive decline, are observed at higher rates in persons with HIV (PWH). The use of cocaine, a potent central nervous system stimulant, is disproportionately common in PWH and may contribute to WMH.MethodsThe sample included of 110 PWH on antiretroviral therapy. Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1‐weighted anatomical MRI scans were collected, along with neuropsychological testing. FLAIR images were processed using the Lesion Segmentation Toolbox. A hierarchical regression model was run to investigate predictors of WMH burden [block 1: demographics; block 2: cerebrovascular disease (CVD) risk; block 3: lesion burden].ResultsThe sample was 20% female and 79% African American with a mean age of 45.37. All participants had persistent HIV viral suppression, and the median CD4+ T‐cell count was 750. Nearly a third (29%) currently used cocaine regularly, with an average of 23.75 (SD = 20.95) days in the past 90. In the hierarchical linear regression model, cocaine use was a significant predictor of WMH burden (β = .28). WMH burden was significantly correlated with poorer cognitive function (r = −0.27). Finally, higher WMH burden was significantly associated with increased serum concentrations of interferon‐γ‐inducible protein 10 (IP‐10) but lower concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO); however, these markers did not differ by COC status.ConclusionsWMH burden is associated with poorer cognitive performance in PWH. Cocaine use and CVD risk independently contribute to WMH, and addressing these conditions as part of HIV care may mitigate brain injury underlying neurocognitive impairment.
Fast UV‐ and Visible Light Induced Polymer Network Formation Using Carbene Mediated CH‐insertion Based Crosslinking (CHic) Via Nitrophenyl Diazo Esters
Authors: Rusitov Dennis , Deussen Florian , Rühe Jürgen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of highly photosensitive coatings containing a diazo‐based crosslinker that exhibits high photoreactivity in the near‐visible UV and toward sunlight is present. Nitrophenyl diazo ester (nitroPEDAz) moieties are incorporated into polymer chains via free radical polymerization and generate upon irradiation carbenes, which undergo a CH insertion‐based crosslinking (CHic) reaction. The copolymers are deposited onto substrate surfaces through known coating techniques and then activated to form polymer networks and simultaneously attach covalently to the surfaces if CH groups are available. It is demonstrated that very low light doses on the order of 20 mJ cm−2 are sufficient to generate surface‐attached networks and that the copolymer can be patterned photolithographically into defined structures on a broad spectrum of substrates using UV‐ and natural sunlight. Even a few seconds of sunlight exposure are sufficient to crosslink and surface‐attach the film.
Light‐Induced Dyotropic Rearrangement of Diarylethenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Prospects
Authors: Lvov Andrey G. , Koffi Kouame Eric , Khusniyarov Marat M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIrreversible two‐photon photorearrangement of 1,2‐diarylethenes is a unique process providing access to complex 2a1,5a‐dihydro‐5,6‐dithiaacenaphthylene (DDA) heterocyclic core. This reaction was serendipitously discovered during studies on photoswitchable diarylethenes and was initially considered as a highly undesired process. However, in recent years, it has been recognized as an efficient photochemical reaction, interesting by itself and as a promising synthetic method for the synthesis of challenging molecules. Herein, we discuss the state‐of‐the‐art in studies on this notable process.
Flexible Microcircuit of a Liquid Metal Deposit Layer
Authors: Zhan Jiaye , Wang Qijia , Zhao Yiming , Zhan Fei , Tang Shousheng , Wang Qian , Liu Jing , Wang Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLiquid metal (LM) is of great use in many fields (e. g., sensors, biology, electronic circuits). With special mobility, high surface tension and excellent electrical conductivity, it can play a role in the field of flexible electronics. Due to its surface tension, it easily shrinks into a spheroid shape. Especially under the same current condition, the shrinkage of the volume will lead to open circuit, so it is very difficult to produce stable liquid metal ultrathin, ultrafine wire, which has become a barrier limiting the use of liquid metal. In this work, LM is mixed with polydimethylsiloxane to form a micrometer‐thick conductive layer by free deposition. The LM is located inside the polymer holes. Not only that, microcircuits are also mapped on the surface of LM deposits. It not only has excellent electrical conductivity, but also has good flexibility. This work explores a simple method to produce a ultrathin conductive film and reduce the size of electronic components, which has potential applications in integrated circuits.
Electrolytic Hydrogen Evolution Study of Porous Tungsten Carbide‐Loaded Pt Derived from ZIFs
Authors: Zhang Jian , Tan Jinting , Wu Shengye , Wang Jian , Zhang Yunfei , Zhao Xiaoyang , Mu Shichun , Yu Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of an electrochemical hydrogen evolution catalyst with high activity and low Pt loading and excellent stability is of high significance for the extensive promotion and practical application of hydrogen energy. Hence, we introduced ZIFs and their derivatives with tunable pore size and large specific surface area, which were carbonized at high temperatures and supported with Pt as catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. We used ZIF‐8 as the seed to obtain the precursor Co@ZIFs, W element was introduced into Co@ZIFs by impregnation method to synthesize WC. A series of Pt/WC catalysts were prepared with WC as support. The best sample Pt/WC‐3 in 0.5 M H2SO4 with a Pt content of 8.3 wt % has a low overpotential (η10=28 mV), which is much less than the 34 mV of 20% commercial Pt/C and had a Tafel slope of only 18.9 mV dec−1. It is noteworthy that at 8.3% Pt/WC after 40,000 s of continuous operation at 10 mA cm−2, the overpotential of Pt/WC‐3 barely rises by 5%, which indicates its excellent durability.
A patient with Marchiafava–Bignami disease type A transported by ambulance with impaired consciousness and malnutrition was successfully treated after early diagnosis by MRI
Authors: Ooya Yoshitaka , Ishida Mayumi , Uchida Nozomu , Sato Ryota , Yoshioka Akira , Sato Izumi , Onishi Hideki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMarchiafava–Bignami disease (MBD) is a very rare disorder characterized by demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum.A 53‐year‐old male was transported to the emergency room with impaired consciousness. On his arrival, he was quite emaciated. CT examination revealed no hemorrhagic lesions whereas MR images showed hyperintense areas throughout the corpus callosum, leading to a diagnosis of MBD. His impaired consciousness improved with treatment, including parenteral thiamine administration.When examining patients with impaired consciousness because of malnutrition, MBD should be taken in consideration and the incorporation of head MR imaging into the examination protocol enables early diagnosis and treatment, and may improve the prognosis.
An experimental investigation of the tensile, fracture and microstructural characteristics of ABS/SBS reinforced with HNTs
Authors: Kamalvand Hamid , Ashenai Ghasemi Faramarz , Fasihi Mohammad , Rajaee Pouya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThermoplastic composites are broadly used in many industries. Excellent mechanical characteristics are frequently required to achieve the appropriate properties for the applications. Therefore, the objectives of this study were (1) presenting an in‐depth analysis of the effects of styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the tensile and fracture properties of the thermoplastic composites based on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), and (2) examining the relationship between the microstructure of the thermoplastic composites and their mechanical behavior. For these purposes, HNTs were utilized with four levels (0, 1, 3, and 5 wt%) and SBS was used with two levels (15 and 30 wt%). The tensile strength and modulus were reduced by adding SBS to 30 wt%; however, the elongation at break was increased by 30%. Furthermore, tensile strength and modulus, and elongation at break were improved by increasing HNTs up to 3 wt%. The results indicated the elastic work (we) and plastic work (βwp) rose by 29% and 10%, respectively, when 30 wt% of SBS was added to ABS. Furthermore, we and βwp rose by the addition of HNTs up to 3 wt%. To examine fracture mechanisms, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of the fracture surface of the essential work of fracture (EWF) specimens were taken. Several voids are present in the compounds containing SBS, activating the plastic deformation mechanism. Based on the optimization process, the best strength, stiffness, and toughness balance was attained for the compound consisting of 15 wt% SBS and 1 wt% HNTs.Highlights
The effects of HNTs and SBS on the fracture properties of polymer composites.
The addition of SBS increased we, βwp, and the elongation at break.
HNTs had a positive effect on the tensile strength and modulus, we, and βwp.
The important mechanisms include plastic deformation and cavitation.
Research Progress of Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries at High Temperatures
Authors: Nie Qianna , Luo Wenlei , Li Yong , Yang Cheng , Pei Haijuan , Guo Rui , Wang Wei , Ajdari Farshad Boorboor , Song Jiangxuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLithium metal batteries (LMBs) are the most promising high energy density energy storage technologies for electric vehicles, military, and aerospace applications. LMBs require further improvement to operate efficiently when chronically or routinely exposed to high temperatures. Electrolyte engineering with high temperature tolerance and electrode compatibility has been essential to the development of LMBs. In this review, the primary obstacles to achieving high‐temperature LMBs are first explored. Subsequently, electrolyte tailoring options, such as lithium salt optimization, solvation structure modification, and the addition of additives are reviewed in detail. In addition, the feasibility of utilizing LMBs at high temperatures has been investigated. In conclusion, this study provides insights and perspectives for future research on electrolyte design at high temperatures.
Review article: Updated management of acute severe ulcerative colitis: From steroids to novel medical strategies
Authors: Calméjane Louis , Laharie David , Kirchgesner Julien , Uzzan Mathieu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) occurs in up to 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Therapeutic approaches have evolved during the past years with the increasing bio exposure of admitted patients and the extension of the number of approved drugs for UC. In this review, we aimed to summarize the latest evidence in short‐term and long‐term medical strategies for ASUC. In addition to general principles such as venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, screening for triggering and worsening factors and close monitoring, first‐line therapy for ASUC remains intravenous corticosteroids. In naive patients, the optimum maintenance strategy for steroid‐responding patients does not necessarily include biologics. Second‐line therapy includes infliximab or calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) with similar short‐ and long‐term colectomy rates. Despite its pathophysiological relevance, there is insufficient evidence to promote intensified induction with infliximab. Prior treatment exposure is a cornerstone for guiding therapeutic choice of short‐ and long‐term therapies in the context of ASUC: in anti‐TNF exposed patients, CNIs may be favored as a bridge therapy to vedolizumab or ustekinumab. Third‐line salvage therapy could be a therapeutic option in selected patients referred to expert centers. Additionally, evidence is accumulating regarding the use of tofacitinib in ASUC.