bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate Effect on Band Bending of MoSe2 Monolayer Near Mirror‐Twin Domain Boundaries
Authors: Yuan Mengfei , Zhang Junqiu , Yue Xingyu , Xia Yipu , Jin Yuanjun , Ho Wingkin , Xie Maohai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBand bending near mirror twin domain boundaries (MTBs) in a MoSe2 monolayer grown on different substrates, i.e., highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), graphene‐on‐SiC, and crystalline Au(110), is investigated by low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy. Upshift bending of the valence band edge near MTB is observed on both graphene and HOPG substrates, whereas a downshift bending is found on Au(110). For the former, the magnitudes of bending are different. This is explained based on the static charge model, where an accumulative charge exists at MTBs due to both the electrical dipole discontinuity across the MTB as well as charge transfer between the substrate and MoSe2 epilayer. The relevance of the static electric model is further affirmed by noting a geometric effect on the band bending, where it is asymmetric across the vertex of an MTB loop.
Reniform nematode impact on cotton growth and management strategies: A review
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Chastain Daryl , Kaur Gurpreet , Snider John L. , Stetina Salliana R. , Bazzer Sumandeep K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRotylenchulus reniformis Linford and Oliveira (reniform nematode) infestation has been a concerning issue in the Cotton Belt region of the United States for the past decade. Reniform nematode damage is more evident on cotton compared to other row crops in US Mid‐South because they share common edaphic conditions to sustain and develop. Annual cotton (Gossypium spp.) yield loss over the United States due to reniform nematode ranged from 1.14% to 2.37% in the past decade but exceeded 8% in the US Mid‐South States such as Mississippi. Yield losses due to nematode damage are mainly due to inconsistent control by cultural and chemical practices. In addition, there are location‐specific responses due to agronomic practices that result in its wide adaption. This review summarizes factors that influence reniform nematode infestations and the process of a plant infection, as well as management practices to mitigate nematode cotton production losses in the United States. The recent development of resistant cotton germplasm is a promising tool for reniform nematode management, although limited research has been conducted on the physiological mechanisms of resistance. In addition, understanding the role of host plant resistance and the interaction with other soilborne pathogens or abiotic stresses to control the nematode also is lacking. Future research must investigate best suited production practices specific to a region that could exploit the full potential of host plant resistance to minimize the risk of reniform nematode damage in cotton while protecting the environment.
Portal cavernoma in type 1 neurofibromatosis: A fortuitous or causal association?
Authors: Ashworth Joanna , Sousa Abreu Vasco , Couto Guerra Isabel , Almeida Susana , Cunha Catarina , Moreira Silva Helena , Santos Silva Ermelinda 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) is a multisystem genetic disorder affecting the NF1 tumor suppressor gene. Patients typically develop superficial (cutaneous) and internal (plexiform) neurofibromas. The latter may rarely involve the liver locating in the hilum and encasing the portal vessels, leading to portal hypertension. Vascular abnormalities (NF‐I vasculopathy) are a well‐recognized manifestation of NF‐1. Although the pathogenesis is not well‐known, NF‐1 vasculopathy involves arteries of both peripheral and cerebral territories, with venous thrombosis being exceptionally reported. Portal venous thrombosis (PVT) is the leading cause of portal hypertension in childhood and has been associated with several risk factors. Nevertheless, predisposing conditions remain unknown in more than 50% of the cases. The treatment options are limited, and its management is nonconsensual in the pediatric age. We report the case of a 9‐year‐old boy with clinically and genetically confirmed NF‐1, diagnosed with portal venous cavernoma after an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. There were no identifiable risk factors for PVT and intrahepatic peri‐hilar plexiform neurofibroma was excluded by MRI imaging. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PVT in NF‐1. We speculate that NF‐1 vasculopathy may have been a pathogenic factor, or instead, it was a fortuitous association.
1,3‐Imidazole‐Based Mesoionic Carbenes and Anionic Dicarbenes: Pushing the Limit of Classical N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClassical N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) featuring the carbene center at the C2‐position of 1,3‐imidazole framework (i.e. C2‐carbenes) are well acknowledged as very versatile neutral ligands in molecular as well as in materials sciences. The efficiency and success of NHCs in diverse areas is essentially attributed to their persuasive stereoelectronics, in particular the potent σ‐donor property. The NHCs with the carbene center at the unusual C4 (or C5) position, the so‐called abnormal NHCs (aNHCs) or mesoionic carbenes (iMICs), are however superior σ‐donors than C2‐carbenes. Hence, iMICs have substantial potential in sustainable synthesis and catalysis. The main obstacle in this direction is rather demanding synthetic accessibility of iMICs. The aim of this review article is to highlight recent advances, particularly by the author's research group, in accessing stable iMICs, quantifying their properties, and exploring their applications in synthesis and catalysis. In addition, the synthetic viability and use of vicinal C4,C5‐anionic dicarbenes (ADCs), also based on an 1,3‐imidazole framework, are presented. As will be apparent on following pages, iMICs and ADCs hold potentials in pushing the limit of classical NHCs by enabling access to conceptually new main‐group heterocycles, radicals, molecular catalysts, ligands sets, and more.
Differences in JAK Isoform Selectivity Among Different Types of JAK Inhibitors Evaluated for Rheumatic Diseases Through In Vitro Profiling
Authors: Virtanen Anniina , Palmroth Maaria , Liukkonen Sanna , Kurttila Antti , Haikarainen Teemu , Isomäki Pia , Silvennoinen Olli 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThe selectivity of JAK inhibitors (Jakinibs) forms the basis for understanding their clinical characteristics; however, evaluation of selectivity is hampered by the lack of comprehensive head‐to‐head studies. Our objective was to profile in parallel Jakinibs indicated or evaluated for rheumatic diseases for their JAK and cytokine selectivity in vitro.MethodsWe analyzed 10 Jakinibs for JAK isoform selectivity by assaying their inhibition of JAK kinase activity, binding to kinase and pseudokinase domains, and inhibition of cytokine signaling using blood samples from healthy volunteers and using isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and from healthy donors.ResultsPan‐Jakinibs effectively suppressed kinase activity of 2 to 3 JAK family members, whereas isoform‐targeted Jakinibs possessed varying degrees of selectivity for 1 or 2 JAK family members. In human leukocytes, Jakinibs predominantly inhibited the JAK1‐dependent cytokines interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), IL‐6, and interferons (IFNs). In PBMCs from patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with healthy controls, inhibition of these cytokines was more pronounced, and some cell‐type and STAT isoform differences were observed. Novel Jakinibs demonstrated high selectivity: the covalent Jakinib ritlecitinib showed 900‐ to 2,500‐fold selectivity for JAK3 over other JAKs and specific suppression of IL‐2‐signaling, whereas the allosteric TYK2 inhibitor deucravacitinib inhibited IFNα signaling with high specificity. Interestingly, deucravacitinib targeted the regulatory pseudokinase domain and did not affect JAK in vitro kinase activity.ConclusionInhibition of JAK kinase activity did not directly translate into cellular inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling. Despite differences in JAK selectivity, the cytokine inhibition profiles of currently approved Jakinibs were highly similar, with preference for JAK1‐mediated cytokines. Novel types of Jakinibs showed narrow cytokine inhibition profile specific for JAK3‐ or TYK2‐mediated signaling.image
The excessive generalization of fear affected by perceptual bias in experimental pain individuals: Evidence from an event‐related potential study
Authors: Huang Xiaomin , Chen Jiali , Wang Xianglong , Zhang Xuefei , Ma Junqin , Liu Sishi , Liu Xinli , Ou Qiling , Tan Wenwei , Wu Wen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionExcessiv generalization of fear contributes to the development and maintenance of pain. Prior research has demonstrated the importance of perception in fear generalization and found that individuals in painful conditions exhibited perceptual bias. However, the extent to which perceptual bias in pain affects the generalization of pain‐related fear and its underlying neural activity remains unclear.MethodsHere, we tested whether perceptual bias in experimental pain individuals led to the overgeneralization of pain‐related fear by recording behavioral and neural responses. To this end, we established an experimental pain model by spraying capsaicin on the surface of the seventh cervical vertebra of the participant. A total of 23 experimental pain participants and 23 matched nonpain controls learned fear conditioning and then completed the fear generalization paradigm combined with the perceptual categorization task.ResultsWe found that the novel and safety cues were more likely to be identified as threat cues in the experimental group, resulting in higher US expectancy ratings compared to the control group. The event‐related potential results showed that the experimental group exhibited earlier N1 latency and smaller P1 and late positive potential amplitudes than those in the control group.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the experimental pain individuals exhibited an excessive generalization of fear affected by perceptual bias and reduced their attentional allocation to pain‐related fear stimuli.
Genetically predicted 486 blood metabolites in relation to risk of colorectal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yun Zhangjun , Guo Ziwei , Li Xiao , Shen Yang , Nan Mengdie , Dong Qing , Hou Li 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMetabolic disorders are a hallmark feature of cancer. However, the evidence for the causality of circulating metabolites to promote or prevent colorectal cancer (CRC) is still lacking. We performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess the causality from genetically proxied 486 blood metabolites to CRC.MethodsGenome‐wide association study (GWAS) data for exposures were extracted from 7824 Europeans GWAS on metabolite levels. GWAS data for CRC from the GWAS catalog database GCST012879 were used for the preliminary analysis. The random inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the primary analysis for causality analysis while MR‐Egger and weighted median as complementary analyses. Cochran Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR‐PRESSO, Radial MR, and leave‐one‐out analysis were used for sensitivity analyses. For significant associations, additional independent CRC GWAS data GCST012880 were used for replication analysis and meta‐analysis. For the final identification of metabolites, Steiger test, linkage disequilibrium score regression, and colocalization analysis were performed for further evaluation. Multivariable MR was performed to assess the direct effect of metabolites on CRC.ResultsThe results of this study indicated significant associations between six metabolites pyruvate (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32–0.77, p = 0.002), 1,6‐anhydroglucose (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.11–1.59, p = 0.002), nonadecanoate (19:0) (OR: 0.40, 95% C I:0.4–0.68, p = 0.0008), 1‐linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.30–0.75, p = 0.001), 2‐hydroxystearate (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.23–0.67, p = 0.0007), gamma‐glutamylthreonine (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.02–4.50, p = 0.040) and CRC. MVMR analysis revealed that genetically predicted pyruvate, 1‐linoleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine and gamma‐glutamylthreonine can directly influence CRC independently of other metabolites.ConclusionThe current work provides evidence to support the causality of the six circulating metabolites on CRC and a new perspective on the exploration of the biological mechanisms of CRC by combining genomics and metabolomics. These findings contribute to the screening, prevention and treatment of CRC.
Investigating the impact of tumor location and size on the risk of recurrence for papillary thyroid carcinoma in the isthmus
Authors: Zhu Feng , Li Fuqiang , Xie Xiaojun , Wu Yijun , Wang Weilin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of new parameters in distinguishing high‐risk patients of recurrence from isthmic papillary thyroid carcinomas (iPTCs).MethodsOne hundred sixteen iPTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy were identified from 3461 PTC patients from 2014 to 2019. Tumor margin to trachea midline distance (TTD), maximum tumor size (TS), and transverse diameter of trachea (TD) were measured on CT images. Cox proportional hazard models served to identify risk factors associated with recurrence‐free survival (RFS). The iPTC prognostic formula (IPF = TD/(TTD − TS) − TD/TTD) was evaluated to assess the prognosis. RFS was conducted between the different groups using the Kaplan–Meier analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of each parameter was drawn to predict recurrence.ResultsCentral lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and extrathyroidal invasion in iPTC were 58.6% and 31.0%, respectively. Regional recurrence occurred in 16 (13.8%) patients, and no patient died or had distant metastasis. The 3‐ and 5‐year RFS of iPTC were 87.5% and 84.5%, respectively. Gender (p = 0.001) and PLNM (prelaryngeal lymph node metastasis) (p = 0.010) in cPTC (center of iPTC located between two imaginary lines perpendicular to the surface of the skin from the most lateral points of the trachea) and non‐cPTC (iPTC patients enrolled in this study excluding cPTC) groups differed significantly. A cut‐off point of tumor size >1.1 cm and IPF ≤5.57 were established to have significant differences in prognosis (p = 0.032 and p = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that IPF ≤5.57 was independent prognostic factor for RFS (HR: 4.415, 95%CI: 1.118–17.431, p = 0.034).ConclusionThis study indicated the association between IPF and RFS in iPTC patients and established new models to assess risk factors for recurrence pre‐operation. IPF ≤5.57 was significantly associated with poor RFS and might be promising parameters for predicting prognosis and surgical decision‐making pre‐operation.
Fas (CD95)/FasL (CD178) system during ageing
Authors: Lagunas‐Rangel Francisco A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Fas/FasL system plays a central role in the physiological regulation of apoptosis and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neoplasms and diseases of the immune system. Until now, it has received little attention in the context of ageing, but there is sufficient evidence that it plays an important role in this process and its deregulation favours the development of age‐related diseases such as osteoarthritis, diabetes, eye diseases, ischaemic processes, anaemia, Alzheimer's disease and cancer. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to describe the main changes that occur in the Fas/FasL system during ageing and their association with the development of age‐related diseases. Furthermore, it discusses how exercise and diet, considered the cornerstone of almost all healthy ageing programmes, produce beneficial effects through the regulation of the Fas/FasL system.
A case report of carbamazepine‐induced oropharyngeal dysphagia in a patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bishev Daniel , Malone Mercedes , Best Devon , Bazikian Yvette 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeventy‐year‐old male with primary progressive multiple sclerosis that had a severe episode of oropharyngeal dysphagia following initiation of carbamazepine. He was being treated for trigeminal neuralgia. Four days after discontinuation of carbamazepine resulted in a complete resolution of the patient's dysphagia, and he returned to baseline.
Graph Learning in Machine‐Readable Plant Topology Data
Authors: Oeing Jonas , Brandt Kevin , Wiedau Michael , Tolksdorf Gregor , Welscher Wolfgang , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDigitalization shows that data and its exchange are indispensable for a versatile and sustainable process industry. There must be a shift from a document‐oriented to a data‐oriented process industry. Standards for the harmonization of data structures play an essential role in this change. In engineering, DEXPI (Data Exchange in the Process Industry) is already a well‐developed, machine‐readable data standard for describing piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&ID). In this publication, industry, software vendors, and research institutions have joined forces to demonstrate the current developments and potentials of machine‐readable P&IDs in the DEXPI format combined with artificial intelligence. The aim is to use graph neural networks to learn patterns in machine‐readable P&ID data, which results in the efficient engineering and development of new P&IDs.
Mediator‐Free S‐Scheme S‐C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 Heterojunction Hybrid Material for Effective Photocatalytic Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Under Visible Light
Authors: Verma Neha , Ananthakrishnan Rajakumar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated a Step‐scheme (S‐scheme) based S‐C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 (SCN/CZ) organic‐inorganic heterostructure, which was synthesized by a facile wet chemical route. The photocatalyst was highly efficient for the remediation of organic pollutants (POPs), namely 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP, 20 ppm), 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP, 20 ppm), and phenol (20 ppm) via dehalogenation under visible light (λ≥420 nm). Our finding reveals that a 20 wt.% S‐C3N4 on the surface of the SCN/CZ hybrid is an optimum requirement for potential catalytic activity. We achieve excellent photocatalytic performances i. e., 94 % for 2,4‐DCP, 92 % for 4‐CP, and 90 % for phenol removal, respectively. It was identified that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals (O2⋅− and ⋅OH) are diligently participating in the reaction medium. However, the content of O2⋅− species is more, which we have quantified as ∼66 μM when 20 % SCN/CZ is used. Furthermore, we have established the reaction pathways via an S‐scheme mechanism, which has great importance for photocatalysis. The prepared catalyst is highly stable and reusable for more than five cycles. The work presented here can contribute to the new perspective for pollutant removal via the dehalogenation route over the S‐C3N4/Ce2Zr2O7 surface.
Selection of parents in a population hybrid breeding scheme for sweetpotato in Uganda
Authors: Swanckaert Jolien , Ssali Reuben , Mwanga Robert , Andrade Maria , De Boeck Bert , Eyzaguirre Raul , Campos Hugo , Grüneberg Wolfgang J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam. [2n = 6x = 90]) is a highly heterozygous, clonally propagated crop for which population hybrid breeding is expected to result in yield jumps and large genetic gain increases. The main objective of this study was to select parents for a heterosis exploiting breeding scheme in Uganda using general combining ability and index selection aggregating yield and biotic stress traits. Two large and very diverse breeding populations established in Uganda (UGA A, 50 parents; UGA B, 80 parents) were recombined for this study into a hybrid population comprising 8097 genotypes from 1097 interpopulation families. Parents and offspring clones were evaluated in unreplicated trials across five environments during 2018/2019, together with two commercial checks (Ejumula and NASPOT 8). Using mixed model analysis, breeding values (BVs) were estimated across traits (i.e., storage root yield, commercial roots per plant, foliage yield, and resistance to sweetpotato virus disease [SPVD] and Alternaria blight). For storage root yield, the BVs ranged from 3.5 to 10 t ha−1 and from 2 to 12 t ha−1 for parents in UGA A and B, respectively. For SPVD resistance, scored one month before harvest, the BVs ranged from 3.3 to 4.3 and from 3.1 to 4.7 for parents in UGA A and B, respectively. Out of 130 parental candidates, 40 parents were selected (20 for each parental group). The plan is to use in the future GCA values combined by a modified Pesek‐Baker index using standardized desired genetic gains to select parents together with other information such as flesh color of parental material.
Diet, commensal microbiota‐derived extracellular vesicles, and host immunity
Authors: Taitz Jemma J , Tan Jian K , Potier‐Villette Camille , Ni Duan , King Nicholas JC , Nanan Ralph , Macia Laurence 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe gut microbiota has co‐evolved with its host, and commensal bacteria can influence both the host's immune development and function. Recently, a role has emerged for bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as potent immune modulators. BEVs are nanosized membrane vesicles produced by all bacteria, possessing the membrane characteristics of the originating bacterium and carrying an internal cargo that may include nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Thus, BEVs possess multiple avenues for regulating immune processes, and have been implicated in allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases. BEVs are biodistributed locally in the gut, and also systemically, and thus have the potential to affect both the local and systemic immune responses. The production of gut microbiota‐derived BEVs is regulated by host factors such as diet and antibiotic usage. Specifically, all aspects of nutrition, including macronutrients (protein, carbohydrates, and fat), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), and food additives (the antimicrobial sodium benzoate), can regulate BEV production. This review summarizes current knowledge of the powerful links between nutrition, antibiotics, gut microbiota‐derived BEV, and their effects on immunity and disease development. It highlights the potential of targeting or utilizing gut microbiota‐derived BEV as a therapeutic intervention.
Catechol‐Mediated Redox‐Neutral One‐pot Transformation of SiO2into SiPh4
Authors: Luo Qingqing , Greb Lutz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOrganosilanes range among the most important products in chemical industries. Unfortunately, their bulk production starting from silicon oxides has a substantial ecological footprint due to the immense energy consumption and the numerous hazardous by‐products imposed by the redox cycling between Si(0) and Si(IV). Herein, we report the first redox‐neutral, one‐pot silicon−carbon bond formation starting from silica gel by combining catechol‐mediated SiO2depolymerization and nucleophilic substitution of the tris(catecholato)silicate dianion intermediates. Screening and optimization of the individual steps enables a 76 % yield of SiPh4on a preparative scale. Non‐rationalizable effects of solvents, nucleophiles, and countercations are identified, rendering suitable for statistical optimization approaches such as “design‐of‐experiments” in future studies. The general success of such process encourages the search for more energy‐ and waste‐effective organosilane production.