bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Danger in Our Pockets
Authors: Yasin Sedat , Altunisik Erman , Tak Ali Zeynal Abidin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Smartphones have become essential to life in Western society. This situation reached its peak, especially during the pandemic period. The possibility that smartphone use has negative impact on brain activity has attracted increasing interest among researchers. Medical faculty students were contacted via e-mail and invited to participate in the study. Participants completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS), the Mental Fatigue Scale (MFS), and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI). The total SAS scores of participants with mental fatigue were significantly higher than those of participants without mental fatigue (p < 0.001). In the smartphone addiction tendency group, the total MFS scores were significantly higher, and the total CFI scores were significantly lower than the scores of the control group (p < 0.001 for both). In the logistic regression analysis, the total SAS score was associated with the development of mental fatigue (B coefficient, 0.031, p < 0.001). This study identified potential relationships between smartphone addiction, mental fatigue, and cognitive flexibility. We suggest that smartphone overuse may be an independent risk factor for the development of mental fatigue.
Ovarian Metastasis From Diffuse Epithelioid Malignant Mesothelioma Revealed by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Hou Guozhu , Jin Yujing , Peng Pan , Zheng Rong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Diffuse epithelioid malignant mesothelioma (MM) with metastasis to the ovary is rare. We reported FDG PET/CT findings in a 39-year-old woman with ovarian metastasis from diffuse epithelioid MM. The ultrasound findings at the external hospital revealed multiple masses in the hepatic hilus. FDG PET/CT examination was recommended to evaluate the nature of the lesions. It showed that 2 hypodense lesions in the perihepatic space had intense activity, and there was an additional FDG lesion in the right ovary, which was later confirmed as diffuse epithelioid MM with ovarian metastasis by pathological examination.
Discriminating Inflammatory Radiation-Related Changes From Early Recurrence in Patients With Glioblastomas
Authors: Moreau Aurélie , Khayi Fouzi , Maureille Aurélien , Bonneville-Levard Alice , Larrouquere Louis , Ducray François , Kryza David 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of the Report
Using morphological and functional imaging to discriminate recurrence from postradiation-related modifications in patients with glioblastomas remains challenging. This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of using 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) 11 PET/CT compared with 18F-FDOPA PET/CT to detect early recurrence.

Methods
Nine patients followed up for glioblastomas who received MRI during 12 months of follow-up were referred for both 68Ga-PSMA-11 and 18F-FDOPA PET/CT. The SUVmax, lesion-to-striatum ratio, lesion-to-normal parenchyma ratio, and lesion-to-salivary gland ratio were calculated.

Results
Good correlation between 18F-FDOPA and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT findings was seen in 5 patients. In 4 patients, the findings of both examinations were consistent with recurrence but were better visualized with the PSMA PET/CT. Examinations of the fifth patient were suggestive of postradiation-related changes and were better analyzed with the PSMA PET/CT, which displayed relatively low uptake compared with DOPA PET/CT. Conversely, 4 patients showed conflicting results: recurrence was not detected on the PSMA PET/CT because of previously introduced bevacizumab treatment; in another patient, both examinations were consistent with recurrence, but there was an uptake mismatch at the suspected lesion sites, and 2 patients presented with inconsistent findings.

Conclusions
Despite a few discrepancies, this study highlights the potential role of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for discriminating postradiation inflammation from recurrence. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT has an excellent lesion-to-background ratio, and false-positive and false-negative results could be minimized through implementing certain protocols before performing the examination. More powerful prospective studies are required to validate our results.
Rapid Tumor Washout of 177Lu-PSMA Radioligand in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Schuchardt Christiane , Chen Xiaoyuan , Baum Richard P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The role of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy in prostate cancer is well known. PSMA is also overexpressed in the neovasculature of a number of solid tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Several studies have demonstrated the diagnostic utility of PSMA PET imaging in the setting of RCC. To date, no PSMA radioligand therapy of RCC patient has been reported according to literature. Here, we report our experience treating a patient with metastatic RCC with 177Lu-PSMA I&T radioligand therapy, but unexpected imaging findings with rapid washout of 177Lu-PSMA from the tumor.
68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in Pancreatic Metastasis From Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mansour Nabeel , Rangan Kasturi , Tiling Reinhold , Rübenthaler Johannes , Fabritius Matthias P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a rare case of a 74-year-old woman who underwent 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT imaging for a suspected neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in the pancreatic head. PET/CT showed a solitary high somatostatis receptor (SSTR)-expressing lesion in the pancreatic head. Fine-needle aspiration of this lesion revealed a metastasis from a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The patient had undergone nephrectomy 16 years prior due to ccRCC of the right kidney. Our case demonstrates that metastases originating from RCC can have high SSTR expression and therefore might mimic well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.
Clinical Characterization of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Zhang Jia-Li , Liu Ying , Shan Xiao-Feng , Xie Shang , Kang Yi-Fan , Cai Zhi-Gang 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical characteristics of oral and maxillofacial tumors in children and adolescents.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of patients who had oral and maxillofacial tumors under the age of 18 years and were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1990 to July 2021 (31 y). Their general conditions, pathological diagnosis, gender, age, and anatomical location were counted to analyze their morbidity and composition characteristics.

Results:
This study contained 5405 cases, including 2903 male patients and 2502 female patients, with a median age of 9 years. Peak incidence was observed in the 14 to 18 years age group. The mandible (22.15%), maxilla (11.75%), and tongue (9.25%) were the most common sites of incidence. Malignant and intermediate type tumors accounted for 13.04%, benign tumors and tumor-like lesions for 55.67%, most often occurs in the maxillofacial bone, of which fibro-osseous lesions constitute an important part. Cysts accounted for 31.29%. Among the tumors occurring in the jaws, the most common malignant type was sarcoma, and ameloblastoma was the most common benign tumor. Malignant jaw tumors were mostly treated by resection, 10.64% by fibular flap reconstruction. While benign jaw tumors and tumor-like lesions were mostly treated by resection or curettage.

Conclusions:
The distribution of anatomical location and pathological types of oral and maxillofacial tumors in children has certain characteristics, so that the selection of their treatment options is different from that of adults due to the consideration of the growth and developmental characteristics of children.
Application of Surgery-First Approach in Treating Skeletal Dentofacial Asymmetry with Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Chen Zhewei , Zhong Yehong , Li Binghang , Ma Hengyuan , Lei Bowen , Yang Bin 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Skeletal dentofacial asymmetry decreases patient’s attractiveness by deteriorating symmetry of facial appearance which is of great significance to individuals. Surgery-first orthognathic approach manifests its advantages of shortening treatment time and improving patient’s quality of life. However, current literature on surgery-first approach mainly focuses on treating prognathism, overlooking its efficacy in improving facial symmetry of skeletal dentofacial asymmetry patients. This study aimed to assess SFA’s efficacy in improving facial appearance by analyzing morphological features of asymmetric bone and facial soft tissue in a three-dimensional manner.

Methods:
Thirty-four patients who received orthognathic surgery in a surgery-first fashion were included. Based on three-dimensional CT reconstruction, bilateral preoperative morphological features and postoperative symmetry of hard tissue were compared respectively. Efficacy of facial soft tissue symmetry restoration was evaluated using root mean square deviation (RMSD).

Results:
Asymmetric features mainly located in menton, mandibular body length, angulation between ramus and midsagittal plane (MSP), distance between gonion and MSP and so on, which were significantly restored after the whole treatment. RMSD of facial soft tissue surface were significantly declined after the treatment and prognathism was corrected simultaneously if existed.

Conclusions:
Surgery-first orthognathic approach is proved to be capable of treating skeletal dentofacial asymmetry effectively and efficiently.
Application of Adhesive Skin Electrode for Intraoperative Neuromonitoring During Enucleation of a Cervical Vagal Schwannoma
Authors: Kim Yeong Joon , Lee Kang Dae , Lee Hyoung Shin 
Published: June 2023

Background:
No reports on applying adhesive skin electrodes for intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) of the vagus nerve during schwannoma enucleation have been reported in the literature.

Methods:
A 45-year-old patient was referred to our institution with a 2.2 cm mass in the left lateral neck, suspected to be a vagal nerve schwannoma. A pair of surface electrodes were attached to the lateral margin of the thyroid cartilage. After exposing the tumor, the authors selected the incision site avoiding the expected course of the vagus nerve fibers after mapping on the surface of the tumor.

Results:
Postoperative vocal cord function was intact, without aspiration or dysphagia.

Conclusions:
The authors report the successful use of skin electrodes for IONM of the vagus nerve during cervical vagal schwannoma removal, suggesting the feasibility of applying these electrodes for IONM of neck surgeries other than those associated with the thyroid or parathyroid glands.
Treatment of Oral Mucositis Using Platelet-Rich-Fibrin: A Retrospective Study on Oncological Patients
Authors: Miranda Michele , Gianfreda Francesco , Rosa Alessio , Fiorillo Luca , Cervino Gabriele , Cicciù Marco , Bollero Patrizio 
Published: June 2023

Oral mucositis is an inflammatory mucosal demolition frequently observed during treatments for neoplastic diseases such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The side effects of these treatments often drastically reduce patients’ quality of life.
Oral mucositis is the result of the systemic consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which due to their cytotoxic and local effects, lead to pain and severe ulceration with a consequent decrease in the quality of life of affected subjects. Plasma rich in fibrin is often used to enhance soft tissue wound healing and fight bacterial sepsis through the presence of leukocytes within it.
The retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the topic use of platelet gel in the clinical management of oral mucositis to improve the life quality of patients. The results of the study were promising even though the topical application of platelet-rich-fibrin is like a skin-care treatment. Future studies with a larger sample of patients will be needed to understand the real benefits of platelet-rich-fibrin.
Selection, optimization, and validation of ten chronic disease polygenic risk scores for clinical implementation in diverse populations
Authors: Lennon Niall J , Kottyan Leah C , Kachulis Christopher , Abul-Husn Noura , Arias Josh , Belbin Gillian , Below Jennifer E , Berndt Sonja , Chung Wendy , Cimino James J. , Clayton Ellen Wright , Connolly John J. , Crosslin David , Dikilitas Ozan , Velez Edwards Digna R. , Feng QiPing , Fisher Marissa , Freimuth Robert , Ge Tian ,   The GIANT Consortium,   The All of Us Research Program, Glessner Joseph T. , Gordon Adam , Guiducci Candace , Hakonarson Hakon , Harden Maegan , Harr Margaret , Hirschhorn Joel , Hoggart Clive , Hsu Li , Irvin Ryan , Jarvik Gail P. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Khan Atlas , Khera Amit , Kiryluk Krzysztof , Kullo Iftikhar , Larkin Katie , Limdi Nita , Linder Jodell E. , Loos Ruth , Luo Yuan , Malolepsza Edyta , Manolio Teri , Martin Lisa J. , McCarthy Li , Meigs James B , Mersha Tesfaye B. , Mosley Jonathan , Namjou Bahram , Pai Nihal , Pesce Lorenzo L. , Peters Ulrike , Peterson Josh , Prows Cynthia A. , Puckelwartz Megan J. , Rehm Heidi , Roden Dan , Rosenthal Elisabeth A. , Rowley Robb , Sawicki Konrad Teodor , Schaid Dan , Schmidlen Tara , Smit Roelof , Smith Johanna , Smoller Jordan W. , Thomas Minta , Tiwari Hemant , Toledo Diana , Vaitinadin Nataraja Sarma , Veenstra David , Walunas Theresa , Wang Zhe , Wei Wei-Qi , Weng Chunhua , Wiesner Georgia , Xianyong Yin , Kenny Eimear 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolygenic risk scores (PRS) have improved in predictive performance supporting their use in clinical practice. Reduced predictive performance of PRS in diverse populations can exacerbate existing health disparities. The NHGRI-funded eMERGE Network is returning a PRS-based genome-informed risk assessment to 25,000 diverse adults and children. We assessed PRS performance, medical actionability, and potential clinical utility for 23 conditions. Standardized metrics were considered in the selection process with additional consideration given to strength of evidence in African and Hispanic populations. Ten conditions were selected with a range of high-risk thresholds: atrial fibrillation, breast cancer, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, hypercholesterolemia, prostate cancer, asthma, type 1 diabetes, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We developed a pipeline for clinical PRS implementation, used genetic ancestry to calibrate PRS mean and variance, created a framework for regulatory compliance, and developed a PRS clinical report. eMERGE’s experience informs the infrastructure needed to implement PRS-based implementation in diverse clinical settings.
Comparison of the Multivariate Genetic Architecture of Eight Major Psychiatric Disorders Across Sex
Authors: Schwaba Ted , Mallard Travis T. , Maihofer Adam X. , Rhemtulla Mijke , Lee Phil H. , Smoller Jordan W. , Davis Lea K. , Nivard Michel G. , Grotzinger Andrew D. , Tucker-Drob Elliot M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferences in the patterning of genetic sharing and differentiation between groups may arise from differences in biological pathways, social mechanisms, phenotyping and ascertainment. We expand the Genomic Structural Equation Modeling framework to allow for testing Genomic Structural Invariance (GSI): the formal comparison of multivariate genetic architecture across groups of individuals. We apply GSI to systematically compare the autosomal multivariate genetic architecture of eight psychiatric disorders spanning three broad factors (psychotic, neurodevelopmental, and internalizing) between cisgender males and females. We find that the genetic factor structure is largely similar between males and females, permitting meaningful comparisons of associations at the level of broad factors. However, problematic alcohol use loads on psychotic disorders in males but not in females, and both problematic alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorder load more strongly on internalizing disorders in females than in males. Despite a high between-sex genetic correlation, the neurodevelopmental disorders factor exhibited weaker genetic correlations with psychotic and internalizing factors in females compared to males. Four biobehavioral phenotypes (educational attainment, insomnia, smoking ever, and Townsend Deprivation Index) had significant albeit small sex-differentiated associations with the psychotic factor. As GWAS samples continue to grow and diversify, GSI will become increasingly valuable for studying multivariate genetic architecture across groups.
Leveraging multi-source to resolve inconsistency across pharmacogenomic datasets in drug sensitivity prediction
Authors: Das Trisha , Bhattarai Kritib , Rajaganapathy Sivaraman , Wang Liewei , Cerhan James R. , Zong Nansu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPharmacogenomics datasets have been generated for various purposes, such as investigating different biomarkers. However, when studying the same cell line with the same drugs, differences in drug responses exist between studies. These variations arise from factors such as inter-tumoral heterogeneity, experimental standardization, and the complexity of cell subtypes. Consequently, drug response prediction suffers from limited generalizability. To address these challenges, we propose a computational model based on Federated Learning (FL) for drug response prediction. By leveraging three pharmacogenomics datasets (CCLE, GDSC2, and gCSI), we evaluate the performance of our model across diverse cell line-based databases. Our results demonstrate superior predictive performance compared to baseline methods and traditional FL approaches through various experimental tests. This study underscores the potential of employing FL to leverage multiple data sources, enabling the development of generalized models that account for inconsistencies among pharmacogenomics datasets. By addressing the limitations of low generalizability, our approach contributes to advancing drug response prediction in precision oncology.
Explainable drug side effect prediction via biologically informed graph neural network
Authors: Huang Tongtong , Lin Ko-Hong , Machado-Vieira Rodrigo , Soares Jair C , Jiang Xiaoqian , Kim Yejin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEarly detection of potential side effects (SE) is a critical and challenging task for drug discovery and patient care. In-vitro or in-vivo approach to detect potential SEs is not scalable for many drug candidates during the preclinical stage. Recent advances in explainable machine learning may facilitate detecting potential SEs of new drugs before market release and elucidating the critical mechanism of biological actions. Here, we leverage multi-modal interactions among molecules to develop a biologically informed graph-based SE prediction model, called HHAN-DSI. HHAN-DSI predicted frequent and even uncommon SEs of the unseen drug with higher or comparable accuracy against benchmark methods. When applying HHAN-DSI to the central nervous system, the organs with the largest number of SEs, the model revealed diverse psychiatric medications’ previously unknown but probable SEs, together with the potential mechanisms of actions through a network of genes, biological functions, drugs, and SEs.
Psychological outcomes of 12-15-year-olds with gender dysphoria receiving pubertal suppression in the UK: assessing reliable and clinically significant change
Authors: McPherson Susan , Freedman David E.P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe evidence base for psychological benefits of GnRHA for adolescents with gender dysphoria (GD) was deemed “low quality” by the UK National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Limitations identified include inattention to clinical importance of findings. This secondary analysis of UK clinical study data uses Reliable and Clinically Significant Change approaches to address this gap. The original uncontrolled study collected data within a specialist GD service. Participants were 44 12-15-year-olds with GD. Puberty was suppressed using “triptorelin”; participants were followed-up for 36 months. Secondary analysis used data from parent-report Child Behaviour Checklists and Youth Self-Report forms. Reliable change results: 15-34 percent of participants reliably deteriorated depending on the subscale, time point and parent versus child report. Clinically significant change results: 27-58 percent were in the borderline (subclinical) or clinical range at baseline (depending on subscale and parent or child report). Rates of clinically significant change ranged from 0-35%, decreasing over time towards zero on both self-report and parent-report. The approach offers an established complementary method to analyse individual level change and to examine who might benefit or otherwise from treatment in a field where research designs have been challenged by lack of control groups and low sample sizes.
The timecourse of inter-object contextual facilitation
Authors: Quek Genevieve L. , Theodorou Alexandra , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHigh-level vision is frequently studied at the level of either individual objects or whole scenes. An intermediate level of visual organisation that has received less attention is the “object constellation” – a familiar configuration of contextually-associated objects (e.g., plate + spoon). Recent behavioural studies have shown that information from multiple objects can be integrated to support observers’ high-level understanding of a “scene” and its constituent objects. Here we used EEG in human participants (both sexes) to test when the visual system integrates information across objects to support recognition. We briefly presented masked object constellations consisting of object silhouettes of either large (e.g., chair + table) or small (e.g., plate + spoon) real-world size, while independently varying retinal size. As a control, observers also viewed each silhouette in isolation. If object context facilitates object recognition, real-world size should be inferred more effectively when the objects appear in their contextually-associated pairs than in isolation, leading to the emergence of real-world size information in multivariate EEG patterns. Representational similarity analysis revealed that neural activity patterns captured information about the real-world size of object constellations from ∼200 ms after stimulus onset. This representation was stronger for, and specific to, object pairs as compared to single objects, and remained significant after regressing out visual similarity models derived from computational models. These results provide evidence for inter-object facilitation of visual processing, leading to a qualitatively different high-level representation of object pairs than single objects.Significance StatementThis study used electroencephalography decoding to reveal the neural timecourse of inter-object facilitation present for contextually-associated groups of objects (e.g., chair + table). Although ubiquitous in daily life, the ’object constellation’ level of representation has rarely been examined compared to isolated objects or entire scenes. By shedding new light on facilitatory interactions between objects, arising before 200ms of visual processing, our results provide insight into the continuum along which objects and scenes exist. At the same time, this work advances the current understanding of the neural basis of real-world size, using strict visual controls to show that inferred real-world size representations emerge around 200 ms after stimulus onset.