bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emodin alleviates lung ischemia–reperfusion injury by suppressing gasdermin D‐mediated pyroptosis in rats
Authors: Jin Tao , Ai Fen , Zhou Jin , Kong Lin , Xiong Zhangming , Wang Dingping , Lu Ruilin , Chen Zhen , Zhang Muxi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPyroptosis refers to programmed cell death associated with inflammation. Emodin has been reported to alleviate lung injuries caused by various pathological processes and attenuate ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injuries in diverse tissues.MethodsLewis rats were assigned into the sham, the I/R, and the I/R + emodin groups. Emodin and phosphate‐buffered saline were intraperitoneally injected into rats of the emodin group and I/R group for 30 min, respectively. These rats were then subjected to left thoracotomy followed by 90‐min clamping of the left hilum and 120‐min reperfusion. Sham‐operated rats underwent 210‐min ventilation. Lung functions, histological changes, lung edema, and cytokine levels were assessed. Protein levels were measured by western blotting. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to evaluate pyroptosis.ResultsEmodin alleviated the I/R‐induced lung dysfunction, lung damages, and inflammation. Protective effects of emodin against I/R‐mediated endothelial pyroptosis was observed in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, emodin inactivated the TLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway.ConclusionEmodin attenuates lung ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting GSDMD‐mediated pyroptosis in rats.
Donor's long‐term quality of life following living‐donor lobar lung transplantation
Authors: Fujii Kento , Tanaka Shin , Ishihara Megumi , Matsubara Kei , Hashimoto Kohei , Okahara Shuji , Shien Kazuhiko , Suzawa Ken , Miyoshi Kentaroh , Otani Shinji , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Okazaki Mikio , Sugimoto Seiichiro , Yamane Masaomi , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionLiving‐donor lobar lung transplantation is an alternative procedure to deceased donation lung transplantation. It involves graft donation from healthy donors; however, only a few reports have discussed its long‐term prognosis in living lung donors and their associated health‐related quality of life. This study aimed to examine living lung donors’ health‐related quality of life.MethodsIn our cross‐sectional survey of living lung donors, we assessed health‐related quality of life‐based on three key aspects (physical, mental, and social health) using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey. We also evaluated chronic postoperative pain and postoperative breathlessness using the numeric rating scale and the modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale, respectively.ResultsWe obtained consent from 117 of 174 living lung donors. The average scores of the living lung donors on the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey were higher than the national average. However, some donors had poorer physical, mental, and social health, with lower summary scores than the national averages. Low mental component summary predictors included donor age (<40 years; odds ratio = 10.2; p < .001) and recipient age (<18 years; odds ratio = 2.73; p < .032). Low role‐social component summary predictors included high lung allocation score (≥50; odds ratio = 3.94, p < .002) and recipient death (odds ratio = 3.64; p = .005). There were no predictors for a physical component summary. Additionally, many donors did not complain of pain or dyspnea.ConclusionsLiving lung donors maintained an acceptable long‐term health‐related quality of life after surgery. Potential donors should be informed of relevant risk factors, and high‐risk donors should receive appropriate support.
Functional neurological disorder in children and young people: Incidence, clinical features, and prognosis
Authors: Yong Kenneith , Chin Richard F. M. , Shetty Jay , Hogg Kirsty , Burgess Kieran , Lindsay Max , McLellan Ailsa , Stone Jon , KamathTallur Krishnaraya ,   the Edinburgh Paediatric FND Study Group
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo report incidence, demographic and clinical characteristics, and symptom outcome of functional neurological disorder (FND) in children.MethodChildren diagnosed with FND at a regional children's hospital were prospectively recruited by weekly active surveillance for 36 months. Demographic, clinical, and follow‐up data were retrospectively extracted by review of electronic records. Descriptive statistical analyses were used.ResultsNinety‐seven children (age range 5–15 years) met the case definition of FND (annual incidence 18.3 per 100 000 children). Children with FND were likely to be female (n = 68 [70%]) and older (median 13 years) with no difference in the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (marker of socioeconomic status) compared with the general childhood population. Functional motor (41%) and sensory (41%) symptoms were most common; other somatic symptoms such as headache (31%) and pain (27%) were frequent. Self‐reported psychiatric symptoms and infection/inflammation were the most common predisposing and precipitating factors respectively. At a median of 15 months follow‐up, 49% of 75 children reported improvement or resolution of FND symptoms with no prognostic factors found.InterpretationAt this regional centre, FND in children had a higher incidence than previously reported and a less optimistic outcome than in some other studies.
‘It is in our hands—Why wait until you are sick?’: Perceptions about diabetes prevention of Latina mothers in Mexico and the United States
Authors: Toney Ashley Mulcahy , Pineros‐Leano Maria , Pérez‐Flores Nancy Jacquelyn , Gomez Diana , Aguayo Liliana 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to understand the perceptions driving type 2 diabetes mellitus prevention and management behaviours of Mexican and Latina mothers in Mexico and the United States.MethodsLow‐income Mexican mothers in San Luis Potosí, Mexico and Latina mothers in Illinois, United States, were recruited by the Holistic Obesity Prevention Study (HOPS). Verbatim transcripts of the semistructured interviews conducted in Spanish (n = 24) and English (n = 1) were analysed using the Health Belief Model (HBM) framework.ResultsOf the 25 participants, 22 (88%) indicated ‘knowing someone with diabetes’—specifically a father (n = 8), mother (n = 6) or grandparent (n = 7). Using the HBM, themes showed that mothers perceived: that Type 2 diabetes can happen to anyone, are attributable to genetic predisposition and may be driven by strong emotions (perceived susceptibility). Type 2 diabetes introduces severe comorbidities and emotional difficulties for people and their families (perceived severity). Adopting a healthier diet, exercising and staying in good spirits were recognized as benefits of Type 2 diabetes prevention (perceived benefits). The costs of food, challenges of exercising, dieting, modifying habits and time limitations were recognized as perceived costs. Cues to action included doctors' recommendations (external) and fear (internal). Mothers acknowledged they could live a healthy life by controlling their weight, exercising, adhering to treatments/medications and having the determination to carry‐on (self‐efficacy).ConclusionsMothers sought to prevent Type 2 diabetes and live healthy lives, particularly, after receiving a diagnosis of gestational diabetes or when learning about their children's risks for Type 2 diabetes but perceived significant barriers to Type 2 diabetes prevention.
Global digital platforms, technology transfer and foreign direct investment policies in two‐sided markets
Authors: Klimenko Mikhail , Qu Jingwen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the preferences of a foreign firm and a host country government over two modes of FDI in two‐sided markets: de novo entry (through the establishment of a new platform) and acquisition of the domestic incumbent platform. Technology transfer, cross‐side network externalities and platform service differentiation determine the ranking of the host country welfare gains and the entrant's profits under the two entry modes. In the case where the foreign entrant and the host government disagree over the entry modes ranking, asymmetric foreign equity restrictions can induce the welfare‐optimal choice of the entry mode by the foreign firm.
Violated contracts, inadequate career support, but still forgiveness: Key organizational factors that determine championing behaviors
Authors: De Clercq Dirk , Pereira Renato 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo establish how and when psychological contract violations steer employees away from championing behaviors, this study addresses the mediating role of beliefs about inadequate career support and the moderating role of forgiveness climates, as perceived by employees. Survey data from 208 employees of a retail organization, along with a simultaneous estimation of mediation and moderation effects (Process macro), reveal that a sense of organizational betrayal undermines efforts to mobilize support for innovative ideas, because employees critique employers for offering limited career support. Perceptions of an organizational climate that forgives mistakes mitigate this harmful process. For championing research, this study unpacks an unexplored link between psychological contract violations and championing efforts, influenced by career‐related adversity and organizational forgiveness. For practitioners, it pinpoints the danger that employees who feel betrayed might inadvertently make things more difficult, because they react with work‐related complacency. Organizations should create benevolent internal environments to diminish this danger.
Among‐individual behavioral responses to predation risk are invariant within two species of freshwater snails
Authors: Toscano Benjamin J. , Allegue Hassen , Gownaris Natasha J. , Drausnik Marta , Yung Zach , Bauloye Daniel , Gorman Flynn , Ver Pault Mia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrey behavioral response to predation risk drives a range of ecological and evolutionary processes. Key to these effects is the degree to which conspecifics exhibit consistent individual differences in their response to risk or instead follow a mean population‐level pattern. Here, we employed the behavioral reaction norm framework to quantify among‐individual variation in average predator avoidance behavior (i.e., behavioral types) and the behavioral response to risk (i.e., individual plasticity) in two snail species (Helisoma trivolvis and Physa acuta) that differ in their vulnerability to predators. While both snail species exhibited substantial variation in behavioral types, individual plasticity in response to risk was remarkably invariant—both snail species increased avoidance behavior with increasing risk, but all conspecific individuals followed the population‐level pattern (i.e., parallel reaction norms). Instead, individual snails differed in how they adjusted their behavior over the course of repeated behavioral assays (n = 12 per individual), with some exhibiting increased sensitization to risk cues and others habituation. We further show that among‐individual behavioral variation, both in behavioral types and in individual responses to repeated assays, was sometimes correlated with physiological traits, providing potential mechanisms for the maintenance of this variation. In total, our results indicate that behavioral types and individual plasticity vary at different hierarchical scales (individual‐ vs. population‐level, respectively) in freshwater snails, which has implications for species interactions and the evolution of predator avoidance behavior.
Patterns of indulgent parenting and adolescents' psychological development
Authors: Cui Ming , Jiao Chengfei , Darling Carol A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn this study, researchers aimed to extend the current literature by examining the patterns of indulgent parenting of both mothers and fathers and their associations with adolescents' basic psychological needs satisfaction, self‐control, and self‐efficacy.BackgroundIndulgent parenting could be harmful for the development of psychological needs satisfaction and cognitive abilities when adolescents seek autonomy and gain emotional regulatory skills. Yet research is limited on investigating the patterns of indulgent parenting and their relationships to adolescents' psychological development.MethodThe sample consisted of 268 adolescents in Grades 9 to 11 from several high schools in a southeastern region of the United States. Participants took an online survey about their perceptions of parental indulgent parenting, their psychological development, and demographic information.ResultsResults from multivariate mixture modeling suggested four distinct classes of perceived maternal and paternal indulgence. Further, these classes demonstrated differential associations with adolescents' basic psychological needs satisfaction, self‐control, and self‐efficacy.ConclusionThe findings revealed different patterns of perceived indulgent parenting practices. Further, these findings also highlighted the negative role of perceived behavioral indulgence on adolescents' psychological development.ImplicationsImplications for interventions targeted at parenting and adolescent development were noted.
Characterizing maternal isolation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations in a gene–environment interaction rat model for autism
Authors: Möhrle Dorit , Yuen Megan , Zheng Alice , Haddad Faraj L. , Allman Brian L. , Schmid Susanne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDeficits in social communication and language development belong to the earliest diagnostic criteria of autism spectrum disorders. Of the many risk factors for autism spectrum disorder, the contactin‐associated protein‐like 2 gene, CNTNAP2, is thought to be important for language development. The present study used a rat model to investigate the potential compounding effects of autism spectrum disorder risk gene mutation and environmental challenges, including breeding conditions or maternal immune activation during pregnancy, on early vocal communication in the offspring. Maternal isolation‐induced ultrasonic vocalizations from Cntnap2 wildtype and knockout rats at selected postnatal days were analyzed for their acoustic, temporal and syntax characteristics. Cntnap2 knockout pups from heterozygous breeding showed normal numbers and largely similar temporal structures of ultrasonic vocalizations to wildtype controls, whereas both parameters were affected in homozygously bred knockouts. Homozygous breeding further exacerbated altered pitch and transitioning between call types found in Cntnap2 knockout pups from heterozygous breeding. In contrast, the effect of maternal immune activation on the offspring's vocal communication was confined to call type syntax, but left ultrasonic vocalization acoustic and temporal organization intact. Our results support the “double‐hit hypothesis” of autism spectrum disorder risk gene–environment interactions and emphasize that complex features of vocal communication are a useful tool for identifying early autistic‐like features in rodent models.
Exercise variables and pain threshold reporting for strength training protocols in people with haemophilia: A systematic review of clinical trials
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Núñez‐Cortés Rodrigo , Chimeno‐Hernández Ana , López‐Bueno Rubén , Andersen Lars Louis , Mendez‐Rebolledo Guillermo , Pérez‐Alenda Sofía , Calatayud Joaquín 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough strength exercise is often prescribed for people with haemophilia (PWH), it remains unknown how exercise variables and pain thresholds are used to prescribe strength training in PWH.AimTo analyse how strength exercise variables and pain thresholds have been used to prescribe strength training in PWH.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CINAHL databases from inception to 7 September 2022. Studies whose intervention included strengthening training in adults with haemophilia were included. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment.ResultsEighteen studies were included. The least reported variables among the studies were: prophylactic factor coverage (11.1%), pain threshold/tolerability (5.6%), intensity (50%), total or partial range of motion (27.8%), time under tension (27.8%), attentional focus modality (0%), therapist experience in haemophilia (33.3%) and adherence assessment (50%). In contrast, weekly frequency (94.4%), duration (weeks) (100%), number of sets/repetitions (88.9%), repetitions to failure/not to failure (77.8%), types of contraction (77.8%), rest duration (55.6%), progression (55.6%), supervision (77.8%), exercise equipment (72.2%) and adverse event record (77.8%) had a higher percentage of reported (>50% of studies).ConclusionFuture research on strength training for PWH should improve information on pain threshold and other important variables such as prophylactic factor coverage, intensity, range of motion, time under tension, attentional focus modality, therapist experience in haemophilia and adherence assessment. This could improve clinical practice and comparison of different protocols.
An NGS based MRD evaluation from acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Chen Bin , Wang Lingling , Wang Zhe , Zhang Hong , Chen Long , Zhang Lei , Li Jing , Yan Xiaoyan , Zhao Miaoqing , Lin Yani , Ru Kun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionMeasurable residual disease (MRD) is a prognostic factor for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A next‐generation sequencing (NGS) based MRD panel was developed and the results were validated.MethodsThe NGS sequencing data was collected from 1003 Chinese AML patients.ResultsThe sequencing data from 586 newly diagnosed AML patients showed that NRAS mutation was most common (20.8%), followed by NPM1 (19.4%), FLT3‐ITD (18.5%), and DNMT3A (15.4%). NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD mutations were less in Chinese than in Caucasian AML patients, and the result of KRAS mutation was opposite. A new panel named “AML NGS‐MRD hot‐spot panel” was designed, containing 178 hot‐spot exons from 52 mutated genes and only 62.8 Kb in size. With this hot‐spot panel, 92.5% newly diagnosed AML patients were found to carry ≥1 mutations. To verify the performance of this panel, additional 205 newly diagnosed AML patients and 212 post‐treatment AML patients were evaluated, and the hot‐spot panel achieved a similar detection rate (91.2% for newly diagnosed AML patients and 89.2% for post‐treatment AML patients). Finally, this study found that the mutation frequencies of signaling pathway genes (e.g., KRAS, NRAS, FLT3‐ITD, KIT) were significantly reduced in post‐treatment AML.ConclusionThe “AML NGS‐MRD hot‐spot panel” detected the mutations from relapsed AML patients with minimal panel size, and was a reliable and cost‐effective panel for AML patients.
Visual classification of pressure injury stages for nurses: A deep learning model applying modern convolutional neural networks
Authors: Seo Suryang , Kang Jaeyeon , Eom In Hyang , Song Hyeji , Park Jun Ho , Lee Youngsoo , Lee Haeyoung 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimsTo develop a deep learning model for pressure injury stages classification based on real‐world photographs and compare its performance with that of clinical nurses to seek the opportunity of its application in clinical settings.DesignThis was a retrospective observational study using a deep learning model.Review MethodsA plastic surgeon and two wound care nurses labelled a set of pressure injury images. We applied several modern Convolutional Neural Networks architectures and compared the performances with those of clinical nurses.Data SourcesWe retrospectively analysed the electronic medical records of hospitalized patients between January 2019 and April 2021.ResultsA set of 2464 pressure injury images were compiled and analysed. Using EfficientNet, in classifying pressure injury images, the macro F1‐score was calculated to be 0.8941, and the average performance of two experienced nurses was reported as 0.8781.ConclusionA deep learning model for classifying pressure injury images by stages was successfully developed, and the performance of the model was compared with that of experienced nurses. The classification model developed in this study is expected to help less‐experienced nurses or those working in under‐resourced healthcare settings determine the stages of pressure injury.ImpactOur deep learning model can minimize discrepancies in nurses' assessment of classifying pressure injury stages. Follow‐up studies on improving the performance of deep learning models using modern techniques and clinical usability will lead to improved quality of care among patients with pressure injury.No Patient or Public ContributionPatients or the public were not involved in our research's design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans because this was a retrospective study that used electronic medical records.
Transition to retirement: The lived experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Anderson Lynda Lahti , Hall Sarah , Kramme Julie E. D. , Stancliffe Roger 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdults with intellectual disabilities are living longer and experiencing retirement. However, research about retirement experiences is limited.MethodThis qualitative study used semi‐structured interviews with 10 retired/retiring U.S. adults with intellectual disabilities and an ally of their choice.ResultsParticipants described factors that pushed or pulled them into retirement, such as health issues or wanting to spend more time with family. Individuals in community work settings described greater self‐determination in their decision to retire. Regardless of reasons for retiring, all participants described initial difficulties with adjusting to retirement but over time people's situation, including their mental and physical health, reportedly improved.ConclusionRetirement is a significant life transition. More attention is needed about planning and developing age‐appropriate and person‐cantered inclusive retirement options for older adults with intellectual disabilities, similar to the transition into adulthood and work life.
The use of annotations to explain labels: Comparing results from a human‐rater approach to a deep learning approach
Authors: Lottridge Susan , Woolf Sherri , Young Mackenzie , Jafari Amir , Ormerod Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundDeep learning methods, where models do not use explicit features and instead rely on implicit features estimated during model training, suffer from an explainability problem. In text classification, saliency maps that reflect the importance of words in prediction are one approach toward explainability. However, little is known about whether the salient words agree with those identified by humans as important.ObjectivesThe current study examines in‐line annotations from human annotators and saliency map annotations from a deep learning model (ELECTRA transformer) to understand how well both humans and machines provide evidence for their assigned label.MethodsData were responses to test items across a mix of United States subjects, states, and grades. Humans were trained to annotate responses to justify a crisis alert label and two model interpretability methods (LIME, Integrated Gradients) were used to obtain engine annotations. Human inter‐annotator agreement and engine agreement with the human annotators were computed and compared.Results and ConclusionsHuman annotators agreed with one another at similar rates to those observed in the literature on similar tasks. The annotations derived using the integrated gradients (IG) agreed with human annotators at higher rates than LIME on most metrics; however, both methods underperformed relative to the human annotators.ImplicationsSaliency map‐based engine annotations show promise as a form of explanation, but do not reach human annotation agreement levels. Future work should examine the appropriate unit for annotation (e.g., word, sentence), other gradient based methods, and approaches for mapping the continuous saliency values to Boolean annotations.