bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of the Fc-Fragment Allotypic Determinant, A15, on IgG from an Allotype-Suppressed Aa2 Homozygous Rabbit Lacking the Aa2 Determinants of the Fd Fragment
Authors: Tosi S. Landucci , Mage R. G. , Gilman-Sachs A. , Dray S. , Knight K. L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Approximately 10% to 30% of normal rabbit IgG molecules lack the allotypic specificities, Aa1, Aa2 or Aa3, of the Aa heavy chain locus (1, 2). Suppression of the Aa locus determinants has been observed in Aa locus homozygous rabbits following exposure to anti-allotype antisera in utero and neonatally (3, 4). Approximately 95% of the IgG obtained from an Aa2Aa2 homozygous suppressed rabbit lacked the Aa2 allotypic specificity (5). Recent data (5) on these Aa-negative molecules have shown that: a) Aa-negative IgG molecules carry a “new” set of allotypic determinants, A31, which are present on the Fab portion of the molecule; b) by peptide mapping, the Fab portion of Aa-negative molecules differs from the Fab portion of Aa-positive molecules; and c) by peptide mapping, the Fc portion of Aa-negative molecules is indistinguishable from the Fc portion of Aa-positive molecules.
Immunosuppression in Mice Injected with Heterologous Anti-Immunoglobulin Antisera
Authors: Manning Dean D. , Jutila John W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Total suppression of IgM production, as reflected in serum immunoglobulin level and direct plaque formation, and severe reduction of all other serum immunoglobulins have been effected in mice by neonatal injection of rabbit anti-µ antibodies. Anti-IgG antibodies similarly administered have been shown to reduce serum IgG levels.
Blocking of Autologous and Homologous Leukocyte Responses by Human Alloimmune Plasmas: A Possible in Vitro Correlate of Enhancement
Authors: Buckley Rebecca H. , Schiff Richard I. , Amos D. Bernard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Four alloimmune plasmas were found to block the responses of autologous and many homologous lymphocytes to a variety of stimulants, including: phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), candida antigen, and mitomycin-C-treated allogeneic cells. Three of the plasmas contained lymphocytotoxic activity against the majority of leukocytes in cell panels selected to contain all known HL-A antigens. No cytotoxicity was present in the plasmas against lymphocytes of the plasma donors. The plasmas contained no detectable antibodies to PHA-P and PWM, and candida agglutinin titers were no higher in the blocking plasmas than in non-blocking control plasmas. The blocking of autologous responses by a given plasma showed no correlation with the HL-A types of allogeneic stimulator cells, and no apparent relationship to HL-A type was found in the ability of such a plasma to block homologous cell responses. The blocking was fully effective after heating the plasma to 56°C for 30 min. The effect on homologous responding cells was shown to be reversible, in that such cells could respond to PHA-P and candida antigen if they were washed after a 24-hr incubation period in blocking plasma and then resuspended in media containing autologous plasma. Both the blocking and cytotoxic activities were greatest in pure IgG fractions of the three plasmas that contained both activities. The data are most compatible with a direct inhibitory effect of the blocking plasmas on the responding cells rather than an antigen-masking effect.
Continued Production of a Single Light Chain Population of Rabbit Antibody during Repeated Immunization: Amino Acid Composition and Sequence
Authors: Seon B.-K. , Roholt O. A. , Pressman D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In previous reports, anti-p-azobenzoate antibody produced by a single rabbit for a period of about a year was shown by specific fractionation to consist of principally two molecular species for the first half year after which production of one of the species apparently ceased while production of the other species persisted for at least another half year. Comparative studies were undertaken of the amino acid compositions and the amino-terminal amino acid sequences at the first 11 positions of the light chains from an antibody fraction (BE-1) containing both antibodies and from a fraction (BE-3) containing only one of the antibodies. The amino acid compositions of BE-1 and BE-3 light chains are almost the same except for probable small differences in histidine, aspartic acid and tyrosine. Light chain BE-3, previously shown to give a single band on disc-electrophoresis, also gave a single amino-terminal amino acid sequence, Ala-Val-Leu-Thr-Glx-Thr-Pro-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser, while light chain BE-1 which showed two bands on disc electrophoresis, showed the amino-terminal amino acid sequence, . At position 5, glutamine (or glutamic acid) and threonine were found in almost equal quantities. The residue at position 6 was not identified unambiguously. Since one of two bands of BE-1 light chain correspond to BE-3 light chain, the other band (slow-moving band) has the amino-terminal amino acid sequence Ala-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Thr-( )-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser. Thus rabbit No. 2663 produced two closely related antibody light chains and one of them disappeared in the latter half of the year. The present sequences are compared with other reported sequences of anti-carbohydrate and anti-azobenzoate antibody light chains. The present amino acid sequence studies were carried out by a modified manual Edman degradation.
Antibody-Mediated Suppression of the Immune Response in vitro
Authors: Feldmann Marc , Diener Erwin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The capacity of purified Fab′ and F(ab′)2 pepsin antibody fragments to inhibit the immune response to polymerized flagellin in vitro was investigated. Marked differences between the activities of these fragments were found. Only high doses of univalent Fab′ were suppressive, whereas much smaller amounts of divalent F(ab)′2 were active. Preincubation experiments were performed to determine whether these fragments were capable of potentiating the induction of tolerance in vitro. Only F(ab)′2 fragments facilitated the induction of antibody-mediated tolerance; Fab′ fragments, regardless of dose, were inactive. These findings highlighted several important aspects of the mechanism of antibody-induced suppression. First, the difference in activity of Fab′ and F(ab′)2, despite the same antigen-binding capacity and affinity, demonstrated the existence of at least two different mechanisms of antibody-induced immune suppression in vitro. Second, the importance of divalency for the induction of tolerance strongly supports the antigen cross-linking hypothesis of antibody-mediated tolerance as recently proposed by Diener and Feldmann. Third, the Fc part of the IgG molecule was not involved in the mechanism of antibody-mediated tolerance in vitro.
Neutrophilic Leukocytes in Immunologic Reactions: Evidence for the Selective Release of Lysosomal Constituents
Authors: Hawkins David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The release of lysosomal bioactive factors is essential to the role of the neutrophilic leukocyte as a mediator of tissue injury in immunologic inflammatory lesions. The lysosomal release process was studied by exposing rabbit neutrophils to phagocytosable immune complexes, non-phagocytosable immune complexes and antineutrophil antibody and measuring the kinetics of release of a lysosomal marker enzyme (β glucuronidase). All three types of immunologic stimuli produced a rapid, selective release of the lysosomal marker. This release preceded that of a cytoplasmic marker enzyme (lactic dehydrogenase) and was not associated with a general increase in cell membrane permeability as judged by trypan blue dye exclusion. In contrast when neutrophils were exposed to a cytotoxic chemical, N-ethylmaleimide, the opposite pattern was observed. Lactic dehydrogenase was rapidly released while release of β glucuronidase was greatly delayed. These studies indicate that there is a non-cytotoxic, non-cytolytic mechanism for the immunologically induced release of neutrophil lysosomal bioactive factors. This process may be similar to the non-cytolytic release mechanisms described for other cells such as platelets and mast cells.
Transfer of Experimental Allergic Orchitis with Peritoneal Exudate Cells
Authors: Kantor Gary L. , Dixon Frank J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) was transferred to strain 13 guinea pigs by the intratesticular injection of sensitized peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained from syngeneic donors immunized with a testicular antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The lesions were antigen and organ specific, developed within 24 hr of transfer, consisted of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) within the seminiferous tubules, rete testes and interstitial tissues and resulted subsequently in aspermatogenesis. When contrasted to similar lymph node transfer studies, sensitized PEC transfers induced lesions earlier and more frequently, required fewer total cells and lymphocytes per transfer, resulted in a more intense infiltrative process, particularly in the rete testis and produced lesions in irradiated recipients. It appeared that as few as 2 × 105 transferred lymphocytes were needed to induce an immunologic lesion in the presence of phagocytic effector cells.
Immunoglobulin Receptors on a Mouse Mast Cell Tumor
Authors: Cline Martin J. , Warner Noel L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Surface receptors for IgG immunoglobulins have been demonstrated on a mouse mast cell tumor growing in tissue culture. Inhibition of rosette formation between mastocytoma cells and IgG-coated SRBC by purified mouse immunoglobulins indicated receptor specificity for all known IgG globulin classes but not for IgM, IgA or light chain immunoglobulins. Pepsin-digested IgG antibody-coated SRBC did not bind to the mast cell. Mast cell receptors appear to react with immunoglobulin-antigen complexes more strongly than with immunoglobulin alone.
Receptor activity was unaffected by phospholipase D, neuraminidase or azide and was reduced by phospholipase C, iodoacetamide and fluorescein isothiocyanate. Actinomycin D had no effect for periods up to 9 hr. Treatment of mast cells with trypsin enhanced receptor activity but did not alter specificity.
Our initial conclusion is that the mastocytoma IgG-receptor is a stable phospholipid or phospholipoprotein which is protease-resistant.
The Antibody Response of Rabbits to Soluble Mouse H-2 Antigens
Authors: McKenzie Ian F. C. , Painter M. Elisabeth 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Soluble H-2 transplantation antigens were prepared from H-2d L1210 leukemia cells by sonication and an (NH4)2SO4 precipitation of this soluble material was used to immunize rabbits. The antisera produced reacted broadly in a cytotoxic test with the spleen and tumor cells of many different inbred mouse strains, but, after absorption, reacted specifically with several H-2d alloantigens. “K region” antigens were more immunogenic than “D region” antigens, especially the “private” specificity H-2.31. The rabbit anti-mouse sera contained no detectable non-H-2 antibodies nor antibodies reactive with tumor specific antigens and was unable to form precipitin lines in agar gel. The immunosuppressive activity of this serum, tested by skin grafting, was negligible.
Studies on Immunoglobulins of Mink: Definition of IgG, IgA and IgM
Authors: Coe J. E. , Hadlow W. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Three major Ig classes, IgG, IgA and IgM were characterized in mink serum. Mink IgM was a β globulin and was changed from 19S to about 6 to 7S after mild reduction and alkylation. IgA was found in serum, urine and saliva, although the greatest concentration of IgA was found in intestinal contents. The IgA's in various fluids appeared antigenically identical, migrated as β proteins and sedimented as 12 to 13S molecules. Only serum IgA, however, was mainly 7S after mild reduction and alkylation.
The Secondary Response to High and Low Dose Priming in Mice
Authors: Grantham William G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although the level of the antibody response to an antigen is generally considered to be proportional to the antigen dose over a wide dosage range, this is not necessarily true for the secondary response. Sterzl (1) found that neonatal rabbits and piglets primed with a suboptimal dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) gave a higher direct and indirect plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to a second antigen injection than did animals that were immunized with a dose optimal for a maximum primary response. Recently, Hanna and Peters (2) reported similar results in adult mice immunized with SRBC. In the primary response, spleens from mice immunized with 2 × 108 SRBC contained approximately twice as many direct PFC and 20 to 30 times as many indirect PFC as mice primed with 2 × 106 SRBC.
Surface Antigens of Immunocompetent Cells. IV. Effect of Anti-b5 Allotype on Immunologic Responses of Homozygous b5 Rabbit Cells in vitro
Authors: Mond J. J. , Luzzati A. L. , Thorbecke G. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The investigation of surface receptors on cells of lymphoid tissue has been rigorously pursued in recent years. It is now relatively well established that the receptors which are responsible for the specificity of the bone marrow-derived or B-cell in immunologic reactions consist of immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules. This conclusion was mainly derived from two experimental approaches: 1) the study of the ability of these cells to bind antigen (1–3), and 2) the study of their ability to bind anti-Ig (4–6) and to be killed by anti-Ig and complement (C) (7, 8). These approaches have also been applied toward elucidating the identity of the thymus-derived or T-cell receptor, but have provided conflicting results (4, 6, 9).
It has been shown in this laboratory that immune spleen cells from which the majority of B-cells have been killed by anti-Ig and C are severely impaired with respect to their ability to give secondary responses in vitro (10).
DNA Synthetic Response of Thymocytes to a Variety of Antigens
Authors: Krüger Jürgen , Gershon Richard K. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of 10 different antigens to stimulate uptake of 125I UDR, as a measure of DNA synthesis in T cells,1 was investigated. There was a good correlation between the stimulatory capacity of the antigens and their antigenicity. Five of the antigens studied have been reported to be “thymus-independent.”. Three of them (brucella, POL and ferritin) were among the best T cell stimulators while the other two (pneumococcal polysaccharide and PVP) were the poorest. This discrepancy suggests that the basis of their reported “thymus-independency” is different. An explanation for the difference is offered.
The Distribution of Alloantigenic Specificities of Native H-2 Products
Authors: Cullen Susan E. , Schwartz Benjamin D. , Nathenson Stanley G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Studies on radiolabeled, detergent-solubilized H-2 alloantigens of two different genotypes with indirect immunoprecipitation show that at least two different antigen molecules can be isolated from cells of each genotype. These H-2 alloantigen molecules may bear the antigenic sites for one, two or more specificities. The findings are consistent with recent views that the H-2 genetic region includes two genes, each of which directs the synthesis of a different H-2 alloantigen molecule.
Studies on the Opsonic Activity of Human Secretory IgA Using an in Vitro Phagocytosis System
Authors: Wilson I. Dodd 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The potential of human secretory IgA to act as an opsonin for Staphylococcus aureus was tested in an in vitro phagocytosis assay system. Secretory IgA, isolated separately from each of nine mothers and containing agglutinating antibodies against the Staphylococcus used in test, did not have opsonic effect in concentrations between 20 and 100 mg/100 ml. The addition of lysozyme and serum to the test mixture did not affect the results. Whole colostrum potentiated growth of the organisms in the in vitro assay system, suggesting that IgA is not dependent upon other substances present in secretions for opsonic effect. No inhibition or potentiation by secretory IgA of an established opsonic reaction could be demonstrated. These data support the concept that secretory IgA has little, if any, capacity to act as an opsonin for polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Kinetics and Specificity of Transfer of Immunoglobulin G and Serum Albumin across Rabbit Yolk Sac in Utero
Authors: Sonoda Shunro , Schlamowitz Max 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The kinetics and specificity of yolk sac transfer of IgG and of serum albumin in vivo, from mother to fetus in the rabbit, were studied by uterine intraluminal administration of 125I-IgG and 125I-serum albumin (125I-RSA).
Methodologic and biologic factors were investigated to assess their effects on the quality of experimental transfer data. The observed range in the data could not be ascribed to problems related to temperature or time of experimental manipulation nor to a failure to extract completely labeled protein from fetal tissue. Metabolic degradation of the labeled proteins was also ruled out as a cause for the observed variation in the data. Factors markedly influencing transfer data and requiring correction include: a) the failure to achieve a uniform distribution of administered protein among the fetuses in a horn, when material was injected through the fallopian tube and cervical canal of the uterine horn, and b) differences in the amounts of endogenous protein in the uterine horns of different rabbits and in the horns of a given rabbit.
The influence of the first two was minimized by modifying the surgical techniques so that we could study transfer of the separate fetuses. The problems due to the second factor were corrected by use of a “dilution factor.”
The transfer reaction of IgG and of serum albumin was shown to follow zero order kinetics. Competition experiments indicated that independent recognition sites on the fetal yolk sac membrane are involved in the transport of each protein. When the observed transfer data were corrected for dilution by endogenous uterine IgG and serum albumin, a preference for the transfer of 125I-RSA over 125I-IgG was seen in most cases.
There is no evidence for a mandatory requirement for a carbohydrate moiety for transfer of protein in this model.
A generalized hypothesis is presented for the materno-fetal (or neonate) passive transfer of IgG, based on ontogenetic and morphologic similarities of the membranes involved in the transfer.
Stimulation of B-Lymphocytes by Endotoxin
Authors: Gery I. , Krüger J. , Spiesel S. Z. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Thymus-independent B lymphocytes were shown to play the main role in the transformation response of mouse spleen cultures to endotoxin (LPS). Spleen cells from mice thymectomized at 6 to 8 weeks, lethally irradiated, and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow (TxXBM) reacted normally to LPS, while the responses to phytohemagglutinin and ConA were markedly depressed. The reaction to LPS, however, was temporarily depressed in the TxXBM mice and was fully recovered only 4 weeks after treatment. This latent period may be necessary for processing of the reacting cells. Karyotypic analysis of spleen cultures from mouse chimeras with T6T6 thymus grafts showed that only 1.2% of the LPS-stimulated cells were of thymus origin, as compared to 29.7% reacting to PHA and 12.2% to sheep red blood cells.
Ontogenetic Development and Synthesis of Hemolytic C8 by Piglet Tissues
Authors: Geiger Hartmut , Day Noorbibi , Good Robert A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Synthesis of hemolytic C8 was investigated in short-term tissue cultures with different tissues from adult and fetal pigs. Kidney, spleen, liver and lung tissues and very likely the intestine were found to be capable of synthesizing C8. Ontogenetically, the synthesis started in liver, lung and midgut at a very early stage of gestation. The presence of antimetabolites in the tissue culture media and lower incubation temperatures decreased the rate of synthesis markedly.
Hepatitis-Associated Australia Antigen. Protein, Peptides and Amino Acid Composition of Purified Antigen with Its Use in Determining Sensitivity of the Hemagglutination Test
Authors: Vyas G. N. , Williams E. W. , Klaus G. G. B. , Bond H. E. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A 0.1% solution of protein from the purified 20-nm particles of hepatitis-associated Australia antigen (HAA) has an optical density of 3.726 at 280 nm. The protein appears to consist of two subunits; it contains a high proportion of proline, leucine and serine and a low content of tyrosine. Depending upon the anti-HAA reagent used, the hemagglutination inhibition assay can detect HAA protein in amounts as low as 1 to 60 ng.
Changes Induced by Lactic Dehydrogenase Virus in Thymus and Thymus-Dependent Areas of Lymphatic Tissue
Authors: Snodgrass M. J. , Lowrey D. S. , Hanna M. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To examine the effects of lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) on stromal and parenchymal cells of the thymus and thymus-dependent regions of lymphatic tissue, virus was injected either i.p. or intrathymically into male BALB/c mice that had been either thymectomized and irradiated, adrenalectomized or not treated. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity was determined, and the spleen, mesenteric lymph node and thymus were weighed and prepared for histologic and ultrastructural examination.
The principal events of the infection process took place during the first 48 hr after infection and were: 1) virus particles, seen in ultrastructure, consistently associated with the plasma membrane of phagocytic cells of the reticulum, with some virusmembrane configurations suggesting replication by budding from these cells; 2) eventual degeneration of these phagocytic reticular cells; 3) cytotoxic degeneration of thymus-derived lymphocytes and their subsequent phagocytosis by macrophages. The cortex of the thymus was markedly depleted of lymphocytes by 4 days after intrathymic virus injection, as opposed to minimal depletion after i.p. injection. Virus particles were directly associated with the stromal cells but not with the thymusderived lymphocytes, indicating that the latter cytopathic effect was mediated by some intermediate soluble factor. This response also occurred in adrenalectomized animals that were inoculated with LDV, indicating that the intermediate factor is not an adrenal cortical steroid.
Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity increased sharply after i.p. or intrathymic injection of the virus into otherwise untreated animals; it then declined slightly and remained constant throughout the remainder of the experiment. Initially the spleen weights increased, whereas thymus weights decreased, although in thymectomized-irradiated animals the increase in spleen weight was 60% greater, and the serum lactate dehydrogenase activity increased to a peak in half of the time of the controls.
Genetic Control of Immune Response in Mice to a Glutamic Acid, Lysine, Phenylalanine Copolymer
Authors: Merryman Carmen F. , Maurer Paul H. , Bailey Donald W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The ability of inbred mice to make a specific immune response to an optimal dose (10 µg) of the random copolymer GLØ is under the control of a distinct autosomal dominant gene. This gene is associated with the major histocompatibility locus of the species. Mice with the H-2 alleles d and q are responders, whereas those with alleles a, b, k, p and s are non-responders. This association with the H-2 locus was determined by use of recombinant-inbred strains and confirmed by the use of inbred and congenic strains. The application of RI strains to help identify Ir gene associations to H-2 is discussed.