bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glaucoma and Driving: a Review
Authors: Kontos Melissa , Robinson Joshua L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Purpose of Review
In this article, we review the current literature on glaucoma and its relationship to various visual functions, driving licensure, driving patterns and public safety.

Recent Findings
Drivers with glaucomatous vision impairment tend to be involved in a higher number of motor vehicle collisions and self-report more driving concerns and limitations than those without glaucoma, but not all studies agree entirely. This lack of agreement is reflected in inconsistencies regarding licensure standards throughout the United States and across the world. Many opinions exist regarding the best means of testing, training and licensing individuals with glaucoma with the aim of ensuring of public safety while also allowing for individual independence.

Summary
There is no consensus regarding just how much of a public safety threat glaucoma presents in the context of driving, and what specific visual function parameters contribute most to this potential threat. Continued work in this area will be imperative to understand this important, and growing, issue.
Fatigue assessment of as-welded and HFMI-treated high-strength steel joints under variable amplitude loading using local approaches
Authors: Ahola Antti , Leitner Martin , Grönlund Kiia , Brunnhofer Peter , Buzzi Christian , Moshtaghi Masoud , Björk Timo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Among various post-weld treatment techniques, the high-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment is a robust technique to introduce an enhancement in the fatigue strength of welded high-strength steel joints. In engineering applications, however, structures usually undergo fluctuating cyclic load conditions resulting in variable amplitude load (VAL) conditions. The objective of this work is to validate the use of local notch stress approaches to assess the fatigue strength of as-welded (AW) and HFMI-treated joints made of high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels under VAL conditions. The 4R method is applied as an effective stress-based concept considering mean stress correction via four parameters, i.e., material strength R
m, applied stress ratio R, residual stresses σ
res, and weld toe radius r
true. To validate the 4R method, the study extracts and re-analyzes fatigue test data of published literature on CAL and VAL studies. Finite element analyses are carried out to determine effective notch stresses (ENS) for the evaluation of the data using the ENS concept and 4R method. The results of the re-evaluation conducted using the ENS method showed that the existing design curves provide conservative assessments. However, applying equivalent stress concept for VAL data, the experimental data showed damage parameters of D > 1.0 for joints in the AW conditions with respect to the CAL data. The fatigue data was analyzed with the 4R Master Curve, which obtained conservative assessments for both joints in the AW and HFMI-treated conditions, as well as CAL and VAL data and, thus applicability of the 4R method for the fatigue assessments of welded joints was thus further validated by the experimental data.
Erosion Mapping of Coated Composites: Simulating Conditions for Tidal Turbines Blades
Authors: Hassan Emadelddin , Stack Margaret M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The tribological mechanisms of potential composite materials that could be used in tidal turbines considered the effects of various erosion parameters on the degradation modes, both with and without particles, in still and seawater conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a specialised epoxy erosion-resistant coating for glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) in resisting the impact of slurry erosion. Slurry erosion is a process by which solid particles suspended in a fluid medium impinge on a surface, causing material loss due to repeated impacts. The coating efficacy was evaluated through a series of tests, including three different speeds and six different impinging angles and the results were used to generate tidal turbine maps. The study provided insights into the durability and of the epoxy and potential use of the coating in tidal turbine blade industries where resistance to erosion is crucial for long-term performance and safety.
A semi-supervised learning technique assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for computationally expensive problems
Authors: Jiang Zijian , Sun Chaoli , Liu Xiaotong , Shi Hui , Wang Sisi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Existing multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) have demonstrated excellent efficiency when tackling multi-objective tasks. However, its use in computationally expensive multi-objective issues is hindered by the large number of reliable evaluations needed to find Pareto-optimal solutions. This paper employs the semi-supervised learning technique in model training to aid in evolutionary algorithms for addressing expensive multi-objective issues, resulting in the semi-supervised learning technique assisted multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (SLTA-MOEA). In SLTA-MOEA, the value of every objective function is determined as a weighted mean of values approximated by all surrogate models for that objective function, with the weights optimized through a convex combination problem. Furthermore, the number of unlabelled solutions participating in model training is adaptively determined based on the objective evaluations conducted. A group of tests on DTLZ test problems with 3, 5, and 10 objective functions, combined with a practical application, are conducted to assess the effectiveness of our proposed method. Comparative experimental results versus six state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms for expensive problems show high efficiency of SLTA-MOEA, particularly for problems with irregular Pareto fronts.
Engineering few-layer MoS2 and rGO heterostructure composites for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xu Jing , Lu Shun , Li Han , Yonar Taner , Hua Qingsong , Liu Terence , Zhang Yongxing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) after the few-layer (FL) processing draws attention to its attractive characteristics, such as broadening interlayer spacing, increasing active sites, and promoting purity of the metallic phase. Notwithstanding, the poor stability and easy aggregation of FL-MoS2 limit its potential for development in the field of electrochemistry. Herein, a nanocomposite between FL-MoS2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is successfully constructed via the one-pot hydrothermal method. Furthermore, the FL-MoS2@rGO composite with a stable structure is obtained by regulating the amount of rGO. The excellent supercapacitor capacitances of FL-MoS2 after building heterostructure composites with rGO are displayed, owing to the synergistic effects occurring in heterostructure. The optimal sample of FL-MoS2@rGO-2 possesses a specific capacitance of 346.1 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a rate ability of 57.2%. Moreover, the capacitance of FL-MoS2@rGO-2 remains 99.1% after 10,000 cyclic charges and discharges. More importantly, the theoretical calculations confirm the source of extra specific capacitance and raise conductivity in FL-MoS2@rGO. Also, a FL-MoS2@rGO-2//AC flexible asymmetric supercapacitor device is successfully fabricated, which presents the superior energy density and power density of 84.31 µWh cm−2 at 700 µW cm−2, and 51.42 µWh cm−2 at 3500 µW cm−2. This work verifies the potential of the heterostructure composite constructed by FL-MoS2 in energy storage of electrochemical application.
Picocyanobacteria in the Chesapeake Bay: isolation, diversity, and adaptation
Authors: Chen Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTiny unicellular cyanobacteria or picocyanobacteria (0.5–3 µm) are important due to their ecological significance. Chesapeake Bay is a temperate estuary that contains abundant and diverse picocyanobacteria. Studies of Chesapeake Bay picocyanobacteria in the past 20 years led to the finding of new members of subcluster 5.2 Synechococcus. They laid the foundation for revealing the ecophysiology, biogeography, genomics, and molecular evolution of picocyanobacterial in the Chesapeake Bay and other coastal estuaries. The Bay picocyanobacteria are known to better tolerate the changes in temperature, salinity, and heavy metals compared to their coastal and open-ocean counterparts. Many picocyanobacteria isolated from the Bay contain rich toxin–antitoxin (TA) genes, suggesting that the TA system may provide them with a genetic advance to cope with variable estuarine environments. Distinct winter and summer picocyanobacteria are present in the Bay, suggesting a dynamic seasonal shift of the picocyanobacterial community in the temperate estuary. While the Bay contains subcluster 5.2 Synechococcus, it also contains freshwater Synechococcus, Cyanobium, and marine Synechococcus due to river influx and the ocean’s tidal influence. Some Chesapeake Bay picocyanobacterial clades were found in the Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, showing a link between the Bay and polar picocyanobacteria. Genomic sequences of estuarine picocyanobacteria provide new insight into the taxonomy and evolution of freshwater, estuarine, and marine unicellular cyanobacteria. Estuaries connect freshwater and marine ecosystems. This overview attempts to extend what we learned from Chesapeake Bay picocyanobacteria to picocyanobacteria in freshwater and marine waters.
Synergy of energy alternatives, FinTech, and natural resources on SDG13: results from panel QCA and econometric models
Authors: Rahman Md. Mominur , Ahmed Tasfia Tasneem , Prova Nafisa Binte Farid , Ahmed Sultan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the synergistic effects of energy alternatives, financial technology (FinTech), natural resources, and climate action within the BRICS nations, with a focus on achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13 (SDG13), which centers on climate action. The integration of system theory with panel Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and econometric methods enables a deeper exploration of how these factors interact to influence climate outcomes. The investigation is significant because BRICS countries—representing major emerging economies—are pivotal in global energy consumption, natural resource extraction, and financial systems, making them key players in the global transition towards sustainability. Identifying the configurational patterns of these variables and their impacts on climate action provides critical insights for policymakers aiming to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. The findings reveal intricate configurations of conditions influencing climate action within the BRICS nations, highlighting the significance of factors such as renewable energy consumption, financial technology integration, and natural resources abundance. Econometric analyses further underscore the negative effects of fossil fuel energy consumption, positive effects of renewable energy consumption, financial technology, and natural resources abundance on climate action. This study contributes to the literature by integrating system theory into panel QCA and econometric analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of climate action within the BRICS nations.
Ferro-Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer over Unsteady Stretching Sheet in the Presence of a Nonuniform Magnetic Field
Authors: Magdy M. M. , Abbas W. , Mekheimer Kh. S. , Emam M. S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractFerrofluids have extensive applications in various fields such as electronic packaging, mechanical and thermal engineering, aerospace, and biotechnology due to their unique properties. This study investigates the magneto-thermomechanical interaction between a viscous, incompressible ferrofluid and a heated, stretching sheet in the presence of a nonuniform magnetic field. The focus is on the laminar flow and heat transfer within the boundary layer of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) fluid resulting from an unsteady stretching sheet with extended heat flux. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential equations using dimensionless transformations. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is employed to solve this system. The study examines the effects of magneto-thermomechanical interactions on the velocity and temperature boundary layer profiles, as well as their impact on heat transfer and wall skin friction. The results show that an increase in the ferrohydrodynamic interaction parameter ($$\beta$$) leads to higher velocity and temperature magnitudes, while a decrease in the magnetization parameter (M) results in increased velocity within the thermal boundary layer. Additionally, the magnetic doublet parameter significantly affects the velocity profile, and an increase in the thermal radiation parameter (R) slightly decreases the temperature. These findings are validated through comparison with previously published works, demonstrating a high level of agreement. The study contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between magnetic fields, temperature, and fluid mechanics in ferrofluids and establishes the effectiveness of the Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) for analyzing nonlinear magnetohydrodynamic ferrofluid flows.
Estimating school and teacher effects on students’ academic performance using multilevel models with three or more levels: a literature review
Authors: Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis systematic review presents the first synthesis of the scientific literature on estimating school and teacher/class effects on student academic performance using random-effects (RE) models with three or more levels. The review delves into the theoretical framework underpinning the estimation of educational effects, the associated statistical methods, and the empirical findings from multilevel analyses to date. It includes 94 analyses in 32 papers from diverse geographical regions, focusing on both primary and secondary education levels. The findings reveal a broad spectrum of Variance Partition Coefficients (VPCs) from RE models, highlighting the variability in the impact of school and teacher/class levels on student outcomes. The review emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive and diverse datasets, particularly the inclusion of detailed teacher-level data in African studies and the utilization of robust official educational databases in Chinese research. It also acknowledges the contributions of Latin American countries in advancing multilevel modeling and the holistic approach to educational analysis demonstrated in Cyprus. The conclusions underscore the importance of contextualizing educational policies and practices based on the multifaceted influences on student performance. The review calls for future research to expand data collection efforts, adopt standardized reporting practices, and explore advanced statistical techniques to address methodological challenges and approximate causal relationships more accurately.
Victimization and Victim-Oriented Development of Ukrainian Doctrine of Criminal Law through European Union Dimensions
Authors: Tuliakov Viacheslav 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the twenty-first century, one of the crucial roles of the Criminal Code is to protect the rights and interests of crime victims. Criminal law is a complex field that must balance established principles with evolving societal dynamics. This involves various stakeholders, including the state, perpetrators, victims and civil society, each with differing views and implications on criminal law. The modern era, marked by post-truth narratives and a reputational society, further complicates matters. Casuistry now prevails over systematic approaches, leading to a disconnect between criminal law’s foundational principles and intended societal outcomes. Contemporary criminal law operates on multiple dimensions, addressing individual, societal and institutional levels while aiming to balance the interests of these entities. The transition from the “age of information” to the “age of reputation” underscores the importance of information subjected to external evaluation. In the context of a state of victimization and the need to harmonize Ukrainian criminal legislation with European Union and Council of Europe standards, it is vital to protect human rights. This aligns with the recommendation of the Council of Europe Committee of Ministers that crime should be recognized as a wrong against society and a violation of individual rights, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding victim rights. Approaching criminal law from a victimological perspective offers unique insights into victim participation in criminal liability, crime qualification and offender culpability. This perspective encourages assessing the efficacy of Ukrainian criminal law prohibitions and promoting victim engagement in crime control on national and international levels.
The rise of open-source intelligence
Authors: Van Puyvelde Damien , Tabárez Rienzi Fernando 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article challenges the perception of Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) as a revolutionary shift driven by the explosion of publicly accessible data. Instead, we argue that the rise of OSINT reflects an evolution of traditional intelligence practices: the collection, processing, analysis and dissemination of vast amounts of information. While the exponential growth of open–source data is reshaping the intelligence landscape, it is neither revolutionizing nor democratizing intelligence. Rather, it is prompting both state and non–state actors to explore how best to integrate OSINT practices and enhance digital literacy within their communities. Core OSINT challenges – information overload, reliability, and legal and ethical concerns – remain consistent with broader intelligence issues. Addressing these challenges provides a foundation for consolidating OSINT as a community of practice, and linking it to debates on the disputed role of security expertise in the public debate.
Assessing financial literacy among the young
Authors: Oberrauch Luis , Kaiser Tim , Lusardi Annamaria 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSince 2012, the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an initiative of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), has been collecting data to evaluate the financial literacy of 15-year-old students in various countries. The triennial assessments provide an opportunity to study the determinants of financial literacy among the young and how it evolves over time. This article looks back at a decade of PISA financial literacy data and examines the four waves of student-level data collected so far (2012, 2015, 2018, and 2022). We document stylized facts across waves and provide guidance on using the test scores estimated from psychometric models.
COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes in Los Angeles County, March 2020–April 2022
Authors: van Rest Amanda , Clarke Anthony , Gounder Prabhu , Nie Pingting (Karen) , Das Chandana , Bush CaSaundra , Rubin Zachary 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroduction:Nursing home (NH) residents have an elevated risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and severe outcomes. However, literature regarding outbreak outcomes at the facility level is limited.Methods:NH outbreaks beginning between March 1, 2020, and February 22, 2022, at facilities under Los Angeles County jurisdiction were assigned to 1 of 6 time periods defined by dominant variants, surges in community transmission, and vaccination levels. Outbreaks were defined as 1 or more NH resident cases with lab-confirmed COVID-19 infection and no periods of 14 or more days between successive COVID-19 resident cases. Outbreak size and duration were the number of NH resident cases and the number of days between the index case(s) and 14 days after the last resident case(s). Rates of severe outcomes were measured per 100 licensed beds among all outbreaks per time period.Results:44,279 cases were analyzed from 1,587 outbreaks. Median outbreak duration peaked during the first winter surge (39 days; time period 3); median outbreak size per 100 licensed beds peaked in time period 6 (17), after widespread vaccination - during the second winter surge. Hospitalizations and deaths per 100 resident cases fell from 31 and 24 prior to widespread vaccination to 11 and 7, respectively, after.Conclusions:NH COVID-19 outbreaks may have been affected by vaccine uptake and community transmission levels. Because outbreak size and duration peaked during peak community transmission but severe outcome rates did not, the latter may be preferable to outbreak size and duration as outbreak metrics.
OP03 Regionalization And Patient-Centered Care: A Rapid-Realist Review And Implications For Health Technology Assessment
Authors: Quigley Joan , O’Donnell Catherine , Hawkins Neil 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionHealthcare regionalization is the movement of responsibility of health care towards a regional body. It has been introduced in many countries and exists in many forms across high-, middle- and low-income countries. Supporters of regionalization purport that a more actively managed system, with better coordination and integration, could lead to improved quality and patient-centered care. However, evidence for this is unclear.MethodsSystematic searches combining terms for regionalization and patient-centered care in MEDLINE identified 5,765 titles for review. Three levels of screening were conducted by two independent reviewers: title only, abstract and title, and full-paper review. Rapid-realist synthesis methodology was used to gather a deeper understanding of the relationship between healthcare regionalization and patient-centered care, seeking to identify potential mechanisms and the context in which these operate. We also sought to determine whether novel methodologies such as this can be used by health technology assessment (HTA) bodies in an efficient manner that produces results directly applicable to decision-makers.ResultsStudies from high-income countries, including Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and Italy, were included. The realist synthesis identified mechanisms by which whole healthcare-system regionalization can help or hinder the rollout of patient-centered care. Mechanisms were classified in relation to specific dimensions of patient-centered care including access and “patient as person.” Facilitators to the use of rapid-realist review in health policy include similarity of screening, searching, and extraction to traditional systematic review. Barriers include the scope of the literature considered relevant, length of time to familiarize with the method, and presentation of the findings in an accessible way for policymakers.ConclusionsThis is the first realist synthesis of the relationship between whole healthcare-system regionalization and patient-centered care. Regionalization may help or hinder achievement of patient-centered care. Policymakers should note barriers to, and facilitators of, patient-centered care in the context of large-scale health system reform. Rapid-realist review has applications for HTA, particularly in the exploration of non-standard interventions.