bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CancerSupportSourceTM‐Caregiver: Development of a distress screening measure for cancer caregivers
Authors: Zaleta Alexandra K. , Miller Melissa F. , Fortune Erica E. , Olson Julie S. , Rogers Kimberly Papay , Hendershot Kelly , Ash‐Lee Susan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveGiven the substantial demands of cancer caregiving, practical and psychometrically sound tools to evaluate distress among cancer caregivers are needed. CancerSupportSourceTM‐Caregiver is a distress screening, referral, and support program designed to identify the unmet needs of cancer caregivers and link caregivers to desired resources and support. This study refined and finalized the CancerSupportSource‐Caregiver screening measure and examined its psychometric properties.MethodsUsing an analytic sample of 400 caregivers to people with cancer, we first performed item reduction by assessing exploratory factor analysis, external/internal item quality, and judging theoretical and practical implications of items. Confirmatory factor analysis along with reliability and validity analyses were then conducted to corroborate dimensionality and psychometric properties of the final measure. Nonparametric receiver operating characteristic curve analyses determined scoring thresholds for depression and anxiety risk subscales.ResultsScale refinement resulted in an 18‐item measure plus one screening item assessing tobacco and substance use. Items represented five domains of caregiver concerns: emotional well‐being, patient well‐being, caregiving tasks, finances, and healthy lifestyle. Our analyses showed strong internal consistency and test‐retest reliability, a replicable factor structure, and adequate convergent, discriminant, and known groups validity. Sensitivity of 2‐item depression and 2‐item anxiety risk subscales were 0.95 and 0.87, respectively.ConclusionsCancerSupportSource‐Caregiver is a reliable and valid multidimensional measure of caregiver distress that also screens for risk for clinically significant depression and anxiety. It can be implemented within a distress screening, referral, and follow‐up program to rapidly assess caregivers' unmet needs and enhance caregiver well‐being across the care continuum.
Distinct conformational changes occur within the intrinsically unstructured pro‐domain of pro‐Nerve Growth Factor in the presence of ATP and Mg2+
Authors: Paoletti Francesca , Covaceuszach Sonia , Cassetta Alberto , Calabrese Antonio N. , Novak Urban , Konarev Petr , Grdadolnik Jože , Lamba Doriano , Golič Grdadolnik Simona 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNerve growth factor (NGF), the prototypical neurotrophic factor, is involved in the maintenance and growth of specific neuronal populations, whereas its precursor, proNGF, is involved in neuronal apoptosis. Binding of NGF or proNGF to TrkA, p75NTR, and VP10p receptors triggers complex intracellular signaling pathways that can be modulated by endogenous small‐molecule ligands. Here, we show by isothermal titration calorimetry and NMR that ATP binds to the intrinsically disordered pro‐peptide of proNGF with a micromolar dissociation constant. We demonstrate that Mg2+, known to play a physiological role in neurons, modulates the ATP/proNGF interaction. An integrative structural biophysics analysis by small angle X‐ray scattering and hydrogen‐deuterium exchange mass spectrometry unveils that ATP binding induces a conformational rearrangement of the flexible pro‐peptide domain of proNGF. This suggests that ATP may act as an allosteric modulator of the overall proNGF conformation, whose likely distinct biological activity may ultimately affect its physiological homeostasis.
Oral Liushen pill for patients with COVID‐19: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Liu Yian , Lei Wei , Shen Junheng , Lu Jing , Tao Tao , Cao Xu , Yang Zhong , Huang Jianan , Shi Cuilin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examined the efficacy and safety of Liushen pill combined with basic treatment for patients with COVID‐19. In total, 181 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, classified as asymptomatic mild type, were randomly divided into the experimental (n = 91) and control (n = 90) groups and were administered placebo (Maizao decoction) and Maizao decoction and Liushen pill, in addition to standard care, respectively. The negative conversion rate of nucleic acid (Day 7), hospital discharge rate (Days 8, 10, and 14), symptom disappearance rate (Days 3, 5, and 7), inflammatory cytokine levels, and adverse events were compared between the groups. The negative viral conversion rate was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (48.35 vs. 31.11%, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed a similar significant trend when the Ct value was ≤30 at baseline. After 10 days, the hospital discharge rate was significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group (69.23 vs. 53.33%, p < 0.05). After 3‐day medication, the headache symptoms significantly disappeared in the experimental (88.57%) compared to the control group (63.33%) (p < 0.05). After 5 days, the symptom disappearance rates of headache and cough were significantly higher in the experimental (97.14%) than in the control group (97.14 vs. 80.00, p < 0.05; 82.65 vs. 58.93%, p < 0.01, respectively). Posttreatment, the procalcitonin level was significantly lower in the experimental than in the control group (0.09 ± 0.00 vs. 0.14 ± 0.05 ng/L; p < 0.05). There were no significant between‐group differences in clinical safety test indices. Early intervention with Liushen pill improved cough and headache and increased negative viral conversion and discharge rate.
Benchmarking general neural network potential ANI‐2x on aerosol nucleation molecular clusters
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Liu Yi‐Rong , Wang Chun‐Yu , Huang Teng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNew particle formation including atmospheric aerosol nucleation and subsequent growth, contributes to about half of cloud condensation nuclei and can grow to form haze under certain conditions, so its role in climate change and air quality is indispensable. However, various kinds of nucleation precursors create vast combinations of molecular clustering, hindering the understanding the detailed picture of nucleation mechanism. The recently appeared general neural network potential, ANI‐2x, covering most of elements composing nucleation clusters, looks promising to be embedded into the nucleation theoretical workflows to improve the nucleation simulation accuracy. Here we benchmarked ANI‐2x's performance on both low and high energy isomers based workflows through comparing it with semi‐empirical (PM7) and DFT (ωB97XD/6‐31++G(d,p)) methods. Results show that ANI‐2x is superior to PM7 in single point energy and geometry optimization calculations when compared against DFT. However, generally ANI‐2x's accuracy on high energy isomers is still far less than that on low energy isomers. Besides, force comparison indicates that PM7's accuracy is better than that of ANI‐2x. After all, accuracy of the workflow that focuses on low energy isomers can be benefitted from ANI‐2x while for high energy isomers based workflow, PM7 is still the better choice than ANI‐2x due to the more important role of force labels than that of energy labels in preparing machine learning dataset. However, due to the linear relation between the ANI‐2x force and DFT force, a scale factor of approximately 0.50 is expected to greatly improve the ANI‐2x force performance.
Event‐driven fault‐tolerant attitude control of spacecraft with finite‐time disturbance observer under input saturation
Authors: Amrr Syed Muhammad , Saidi Abdelaziz Salah , Nabi M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the attitude stabilization problem for a bandwidth‐constrained spacecraft subjected to model uncertainty, external disturbances, actuator faults, and saturated input. The proposed attitude controller is developed by combining the disturbance observer with an event‐trigger technique to provide disturbance attenuation meanwhile respecting the constraint on the wireless control network. The proposed disturbance observer estimates the lumped disturbance within a finite time, and its output is then fed to the composite control law. The presented control scheme relaxes the use of a priori upper bound knowledge of disturbance and resolves the unwinding problem in the quaternion‐based attitude representation. The closed‐loop stability analysis under the proposed algorithm shows the uniformly ultimately bounded convergence of state trajectories. Moreover, the designed event trigger approach avoids the Zeno behavior. The numerical simulation with comparative analysis illustrates the efficacy of the proposed controller in terms of convergence time, steady‐state bound, rate of control update, and energy consumption.
Memory‐event‐trigger‐based output tracking control for networked switched interval type‐2 fuzzy systems against deception attacks
Authors: Gao Hui , Shi Kaibo , Zhou Kun , Wang Yueying , Zheng Qunxian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of event‐triggered output tracking control for networked switched interval type‐2 (IT2) fuzzy systems under deception attacks. Different from the existing event‐triggered method, a new type of event‐triggered scheme which called the memory event‐triggered scheme (METS) is proposed to save the network resources, under which some past released triggering events are used to generate the new events. Also, the network communication may be corrupted by deception attacks and the tracking control is meaningful. We give some conditions to guarantee the output tracking performance of the closed loop memory event‐triggered networked switched IT2 fuzzy systems under deception attacks in secure sense. Finally, a simulation example validates the proposed technique.
Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya‐Interaction‐Like Behavior in Confined Permalloy Nanostructures via Coupled Magnetic Vortices
Authors: Hu Chenglong , Shen Xiaochen , Bo Lan , Zhao Rongzhi , Zhu Dapeng , Ji Lianze , Bai Guohua , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI), one of antisymmetric exchanges, originates from the combination of low structural symmetry and large spin‐orbit coupling and favors magnetization rotations with fixed chirality. Herein, this work reports a DMI‐like behavior in permalloy via coupled vortices in confined structures. Under the in‐plane magnetic fields, continuous reversals of different coupled vortices are directly observed by in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, and reproduced by complementary micromagnetic simulations. The statistical results show that coupled vortices with opposite chirality appear more frequently with the frequency up to about 60%. Such an asymmetric phenomenon mainly arises from a DMI‐like behavior, associated with the increased total energy difference between different ground‐state coupled vortices. Moreover, in the reversal process, the junction between disks accelerates the annihilation of vortices moving toward it and is also the starting point of vortex nucleation. These results provide an effective method to generate a DMI‐like behavior in magnetic systems with symmetry breaking surface and benefit the future development of vortex‐based spintronic devices.
Endowing Covalent Organic Frameworks with Photoresponsive Active Sites for Controllable Propylene Adsorption
Authors: Zheng Long , Song Qian , Tan Peng , Wang Sheng‐Tao , Liu Xiao‐Qin , Sun Lin‐Bing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhotoresponsive covalent organic frameworks (PCOFs) have emerged as attractive candidates for adsorption, but it is challenging to construct PCOF adsorbents due to structural order loss of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) after introducing photoresponsive motifs and/or tedious steps of postmodification. Here, a facile strategy is developed, by dispersing photoresponsive metal‐organic polyhedra (PMOP) into COFs, to endow COFs with photoresponsive adsorption sites. As a proof‐of‐concept study, a COF with pore size of 4.5 nm and PMOP with suitable molecular size (4.0 and 3.1 nm for trans and cis configuration, respectively) are selected to meet the requirements of proper accommodation space, good guest dispersion, and free isomerization. The structure of COF is well preserved after introducing PMOPs. Interestingly, the obtained photoresponsive host–guest composite (PHGC) adsorbents exhibit photomodulated adsorption capacity on propylene (C3H6) and the change in adsorption capacity can reach up to 43.3% and is stable during multiple cycles. Density functional theory calculations reveal that visible‐light irradiation drives the azobenzene motifs in PHGCs to the trans configuration and the adsorption sites are fully open and interact with C3H6. UV‐light irradiation makes the azobenzene motifs transform to the cis configuration, leading to the shield of the adsorption sites and the consequent release of C3H6.
High‐Performance and Polarization‐Sensitive Imaging Photodetector Based on WS2/Te Tunneling Heterostructure
Authors: Luo Zhongtong , Xu Huakai , Gao Wei , Yang Mengmeng , He Yan , Huang Zihao , Yao Jiandong , Zhang Menglong , Dong Huafeng , Zhao Yu , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Jingbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNext‐generation imaging systems require photodetectors with high sensitivity, polarization sensitivity, miniaturization, and integration. By virtue of their intriguing attributes, emerging 2D materials offer innovative avenues to meet these requirements. However, the current performance of 2D photodetectors is still below the requirements for practical application owing to the severe interfacial recombination, the lack of photoconductive gain, and insufficient photocarrier collection. Here, a tunneling dominant imaging photodetector based on WS2/Te heterostructure is reported. This device demonstrates competitive performance, including a remarkable responsivity of 402 A W−1, an outstanding detectivity of 9.28 × 1013 Jones, a fast rise/decay time of 1.7/3.2 ms, and a high photocurrent anisotropic ratio of 2.5. These outstanding performances can be attributed to the type‐I band alignment with carrier transmission barriers and photoinduced tunneling mechanism, allowing reduced interfacial trapping effect, effective photoconductive gains, and anisotropic collection of photocarriers. Significantly, the constructed photodetector is successfully integrated into a polarized light imaging system and an ultra‐weak light imaging system to illustrate the imaging capability. These results suggest the promising application prospect of the device in future imaging systems.
Engineered Cell Membrane Vesicles Expressing CD40 Alleviate System Lupus Nephritis by Intervening B Cell Activation
Authors: Fang Tianliang , Li Baoqi , Li Meng , Zhang Yuli , Jing Zhangyan , Li Yuan , Xue Tianyuan , Zhang Zhirang , Fang Wenli , Lin Zhongda , Meng Fanqiang , Li Liyan , Yang Yang , Zhang Xingding , Liang Xin , Chen Shu‐Na , Chen Jun , Zhang Xudong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractImmune intervention of B cell activation to blockade the production of autoantibodies provokes intense interest in the field of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) therapy development. Although the survival rate for SLE is improved, many patients die untimely. Engineered cell membrane vesicles manifest remarkable capacity of targeted drug delivery and immunomodulation of immune cells such as B cells. Herein, this work engineered cellular nanovesicles (NVs) presenting CD40 (CD40 NVs) that can blunt B cells and thus alleviate SLE. CD40 NVs disrupt the CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) costimulatory signal axis through the blockade of CD40L on CD4+ T cells. Therefore, the CD40 NVs restrain the generation of the germinal center structure and production of antibodies from B cells. Furthermore, immunosuppressive drug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is also encapsulated in the vesicles (MMF‐CD40 NVs), which is employed to deplete immunocytes including B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. Together, CD40 NVs are promising formulations for relieving autoimmunity and lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice.
Interface Engineering of Zinc Electrode for Rechargeable Alkaline Zinc‐Based Batteries
Authors: Zhang Quanchao , Liu Xiaorui , Zhu Xiangbo , Wan Yizao , Zhong Cheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc‐based batteries have gained considerable interest because of their advantages of high theoretical capacity, being eco‐friendly, and cost effectiveness. In particular, zinc‐based batteries with alkaline electrolyte show great promise due to their high working voltage. However, there remain great challenges for the commercialization of the rechargeable alkaline zinc‐based batteries, which are mainly impeded by the limited reversibility of the zinc electrode. The critical problems refer to the dendrites growth, electrode passivation, shape change, and side reactions, affecting discharge capacity, columbic efficiency, and cycling stability of the battery. All the issues are highly associated with the interfacial properties, including both electrons and ions transport behavior at the electrode interface. Herein, this work concentrates on the fundamental electrochemistry of the challenges in the zinc electrode and the design strategies for developing high‐performance zinc electrodes with regard to optimizing the interfaces between host and active materials as well as electrode and electrolyte. In addition, potential directions for the investigation of electrodes and electrolytes for high‐performance zinc‐based batteries are presented, aiming at promoting the development of rechargeable alkaline zinc‐based batteries.
Adjusting Crystal Orientation to Promote Sodium‐Ion Transport in V5S8@Graphene Anode Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Lin‐bo , Li Pei‐yao , Cui Ru‐de , Peng Tao , Wei Han‐Xin , Wang Zhen‐yu , Wang Hai‐yan , Yan Cheng , Mao Jing , Dai Ke‐hua , Chen He‐zhang , Zhang Xia‐hui , Zheng Jun‐chao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have inspired the potential for widespread use in energy storage owing to the advantages of abundant resources and low cost. Benefiting from the layered structure, 2D‐layered materials enable fast interlayer transport of sodium ions and thus are considered promising candidates as anodes for SIBs. Herein, a strategy of adjusting crystal orientation is proposed via a solvothermal method to improve sodium‐ion transport at the edge of the interlayers in 2D‐layered materials. By introducing surfactants and templates, the 2D‐layered V5S8 nanosheets are controlled to align the interlayer diffusion channels vertically to the surface, which promotes the fast transport of Na+ at the edge of the interlayers as revealed by experimental methods and ab initio calculations. Benefiting from the aligned crystal orientation and rGO coating, the vertical‐V5S8@rGO hybrid delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 350.6 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 15 A g−1. This work provides a strategy for the structural design of 2D‐layered anode materials by adjusting crystal orientation, which demonstrates the promise for applications in fast‐charging alkaline‐ion batteries.
The Phantom Mark: Enigmatic roles of phospho‐Threonine 4 modification of the C‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II
Authors: Kempen Ryan P. , Dabas Preeti , Ansari Aseem Z. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) has an unusual carboxyl‐terminal domain (CTD). This domain is composed of a tandemly repeating heptapeptide, Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7, that has multiple roles in regulating Pol II function and processing newly synthesized RNA. Transient phosphorylation of Ser2 and Ser5 of the YS2PTS5PS repeat have well‐defined roles in recruiting different protein complexes and coordinating sequential steps in gene transcription. As such, these phospho‐marks encipher a molecular recognition code, colloquially termed the CTD code. In contrast, the contribution of phospho‐Threonine 4 (pThr4/pT4) to the CTD code remains opaque and contentious. Fuelling the debate on the relevance of this mark to gene expression are the findings that replacing Thr4 with a valine or alanine has varied impact on cellular function in different species and independent proteomic analyses disagree on the relative abundance of pThr4 marks. Yet, substitution with negatively charged residues is lethal and even benign mutations selectively disrupt synthesis and 3′ processing of distinct sets of coding and non‐coding transcripts. Suggestive of non‐canonical roles, pThr4 marked Pol II regulates distinct gene classes in a species‐ and signal‐responsive manner. Hinting at undiscovered roles of this elusive mark, multiple signal‐responsive kinases phosphorylate Thr4 at target genes. Here, we focus on this under‐explored residue and postulate that the pThr4 mark is superimposed on the canonical CTD code to selectively regulate expression of targeted genes without perturbing genome‐wide transcriptional processes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > 3′ End Processing
RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Technology Assessment in a Multilateral Science, Technology and Innovation System
Authors: Ladikas Miltos , Stamm Andreas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOne of the key functions of global Technology Assessment is to promote multilateral Science Technology and Innovation cooperation, in order to resolve current global challenges. In this chapter, we identify TA’s role in the existing STI multilateral system and localize it within the existing global decision-making structures. We describe a wide spectrum of TA methodologies that United Nations and multilateral agencies employ, to analyse new and emerging technologies and provide policy input. We further concentrate on the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, where TA is specifically commissioned as an aspiration for the achievement of its development goals and we further provide examples of TA projects within the organisation’s remit. Moreover, we explore the relationship between the Sustainable Development Goals and TA, while offering realistic options to overcoming the numerous challenges that TA is faced with when applied in developing countries. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the four models of global TA and the significance of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as a role model for an independent and effective global TA.
Challenges of Global Technology Assessment in Biotechnology—Bringing Clarity and Better Understanding in Fragmented Global Governance
Authors: van Baalen Sophie , Srinivas Krishna Ravi , He Guangxi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBiotechnology involves the use and manipulation of living organisms such as plants, animals, humans, and biological systems, or parts of this, to modify their characteristics in order to create desired organisms or products. Biotechnology as a field touches on many aspects that are central to technology assessment (TA), and have been the focus of TA activities since the 1980s. By presenting three key topics in biotechnology—genetically modified food and crops, synthetic biology, and human genome germline editing—we show that a central feature of biotechnology is that the science is evolving globally and the products that it brings forth are traded across the globe. Yet, there are major differences in the regulation and governance of the academic and industrial sectors between countries. These stem from different needs and interests per country, as well as differences in traditions, cultural differences and public perceptions. As global governance is fragmented, with little scope for harmonization, global TA of biotechnology can bring clarity and better understanding, and enable better governance. In order to do so, an integrated global TA framework should consider international trade and differences in risk assessment; cultural variation and different value-systems between countries; and differences in countries’ capacities in R&D and coordination of public engagement efforts.