bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between undetected small‐for‐gestational age and abnormal admission cardiotocography: A registry‐based study
Authors: Gyllencreutz Erika , Varli Ingela Hulthén , Johansson Kari , Lindqvist Pelle G. , Holzmann Malin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between undetected small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) fetuses and abnormal admission cardiotocography (admCTG) in a low‐risk population.DesignAn observational study.SettingFour hospitals in Stockholm‐Gotland, Sweden.SampleA cohort of 127 461 deliveries between 1 February 2012 and 15 June 2020.MethodsThis cohort was linked to the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register. Pregnancies were designated as high or low risk at the time of admission to the labour ward according to pre‐defined risk measures. SGA was defined as a birthweight at or below the tenth centile and at or below the third centile for gestational age.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome was the proportion of undetected SGA by admCTG (normal or abnormal). The secondary outcome was a composite severe adverse neonatal outcome for fetuses born less than 6 hours after admission (Apgar score <4 at 5 minutes, hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy grade of 2–3, neonatal seizures and neonatal death).ResultsThe rate of abnormal admCTG was 4.9%. The proportion of SGA at or below the tenth centile was higher in the abnormal admCTG group than in the normal admCTG group, 18.6% versus 9.7% (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.9–2.3).Abnormal admCTG and SGA (≤10th) was associated with a more than 20‐fold increased risk of an adverse outcome compared with normal admCTG and non‐SGA (adjusted odds ratio 23.7, 95% CI 9.8–57.3). The latter had a risk of 1/2000 of an adverse outcome.ConclusionsIn this low‐risk population, undetected SGA fetuses were more prone to having abnormal admCTG and had a substantially higher risk of severe adverse neonatal outcomes.
Transcatheter CT arteriography‐guided irreversible electroporation of locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A pictorial essay
Authors: Geboers Bart , van der Lei Susan , Kloppenborg Louiza TE , Boon Rianne M , Timmer Florentine EF , Puijk Robbert S , de Vries Jan JJ , Scheffer Hester J , Meijerink Martijn R 
Published: April 2023

SummaryVisibility of the tumour and its surroundings during the ablative procedure is crucial for optimal treatment planning, needle placement, ablation zone coverage and postprocedural control. The use of transcatheter CT arteriography providing real‐time image guidance has proven to be of additional value for thermal liver ablation. The general advantages of the technique could be of value for other indications and ablation techniques as well, especially when requiring multiple needle placements in the vicinity of precarious vascular structures. This pictorial essay presents six clinical cases that illustrate transcatheter CT arteriography guidance during the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer with irreversible electroporation. The illustrations highlight the technique's ability to improve visibility of vascular structures and the advantage of real‐time monitoring and treatment of intraprocedural vascular complications. The use of transcatheter CT arteriography can support the interventionalist with respect to periprocedural safety and accuracy of electrode placement for pancreatic irreversible electroporation.
Two types of abdominal pain as the initial presentation of Takayasu arteritis: A case report
Authors: Cáceres Medina José Luis , Gamboa Meza Alan , Hernández Padilla Isaí Eduardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTakayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic inflammatory arteritis affecting large vessels, predominantly the aorta and its main branches. Diagnosis is usually delayed in most patients owing to the absence of typical clinical manifestations in the acute phase until the development of substantial arterial symptoms. The purpose of this case report is to describe abdominal pain being an uncommon symptom in TA.Learning ObjectiveThe clinical presentation of TA can be non‐specific and can have serious consequences if the diagnosis is delayed, helping the clinicians who can treat with such patients (emergency medicine, cardiologist, or medical personnel).
Differential performance of selected Sudano‐Sahelian plant species for ecological restoration
Authors: Tchida Pascal Blaise , Ngakou Albert , Kesel Raimund , Koehler Hartmut 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study compares the performances of six indigenous (Acacia albida, Acacia nilotica, Acacia senegalensis, Balanites aegyptiaca, Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus spina‐christi) and one exotic (Azadirachta indica) tree species for the reforestation of a degraded soil (hardé) in the Far North Region of Cameroon. Seedlings were transplanted from the enviroprotect nursery (Maroua) to Gawel ReviTec (revitalization technology) sites (GW1, GW2) in May 2015. A subset of trees from biosoil plots was monitored at 26, 38 and 50 months after transplantation. Survival rate, height, stem diameter and growth volume were measured and revealed lower values at GW2 than at GW1 in general. A. indica and A. nilotica performed better, with respective survival rates of 78 and 67% at GW1, against lower than 50% at GW2 for all species, the highest (45%) accounting for A. nilotica. Stem diameter (91 and 87 cm), height (318 and 308 cm) and growth volume (33 and 42 m3) were higher for A. nilotica, followed by A. indica (stem diameter: 90 and 83 cm; height: 248 and 278 cm; growth volume: 20 and 20 m3), respectively, at GW1 and GW2. These results suggest A. indica and A. nilotica as the most successful and indicated species for the reforestation of hardé soil.
Croatian mothers were 11 times more likely to give their newborn infants formula in hospital if they had used it for their older children
Authors: Vidović Roguljić Ana , Matas Jakov , Zakarija‐Grković Irena 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimWe determined the prevalence and predictors of formula supplementation for healthy, term newborn infants in hospital.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from 1 June to 21 October 2020 among Croatian women who gave birth to healthy newborn infants of ≥37 weeks gestation and birth weight of ≥2500 g at the University Hospital of Split, Croatia. The mothers completed a questionnaire on hospital infant feeding practices and breastfeeding self‐efficacy. Multinomial logistic regression investigated associations between perinatal factors and formula supplementation.ResultsWe approached 392 mothers, and 355 (90.6%) were included: 286 (80.6%) said their newborn infant received formula in hospital and it was at their request in 173/286 (60.5%) of cases. The adjusted analyses identified factors associated with increased odd ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for formula supplementation: no previous breastfeeding experience (OR 9.42, 95% CI 3.51–25.28), breastfeeding difficulties in hospital (OR 9.12, 95% CI 3.46–24.09) and older children who received formula during their birth hospitalisation (OR 11.51, 95% CI 4.4–30.1). Mothers were not routinely notified of the risks.ConclusionAn unacceptably high proportion of healthy newborn infants received formula in hospital.
The ethics of precision health
Authors: Delston J. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, I defend an account of the ethics of precision medicine that can explain both its possibilities and limits. Creating a new conceptual and normative model of the ethics of precision health can ensure that good medicine is also excellent and that excellent medicine is also good by providing a resource to scientists and clinicians. First, I propose a new conceptual analysis of precision health. I argue that precision health is defined primarily by targeted medical interventions and not by stratification, as others have asserted. Next, I argue that failure to be adequately responsive to this conceptual analysis explains common ethical abuses in the field. Third, I argue that this conceptual analysis can also pave the way for future research heretofore overlooked. Thus, we can limit abuses in precision health research and care while at the same time opening new avenues to help historically oppressed communities.
Senescent CD8+ T cells acquire NK cell‐like innate functions to promote antitumor immunity
Authors: Kakuda Toshio , Suzuki Junpei , Matsuoka Yuko , Kikugawa Tadahiko , Saika Takashi , Yamashita Masakatsu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt has been suggested that aging of the immune system (immunosenescence) results in a decline in the acquired immune response, which is associated with an increase in age‐related tumorigenesis. T‐cell senescence plays a critical role in immunosenescence and is involved in the age‐related decline of the immune function, which increases susceptibility to certain cancers. However, it has been shown that CD8+ T cells with the senescent T‐cell phenotype acquire an natural killer (NK) cell‐like function and are involved in tumor elimination. Therefore, the role of senescent CD8+ T cells in tumor immunity remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of senescent CD8+ T cells in tumor immunity. In a murine model of transferred with B16 melanoma, lung metastasis was significantly suppressed in aged mice (age ≥30 weeks) in comparison to young mice (age 6–10 weeks). We evaluated the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells in vitro and found that CD8+ T cells from aged mice activated in vitro exhibited increased cytotoxic activity in comparison to those from young mice. We used Menin‐deficient effector T cells as a model for senescent CD8+ T cells and found that cytotoxic activity and the expression of NK receptors were upregulated in Menin‐deficient senescent CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, Menin‐deficient CD8+ T cells can eliminate tumor cells in an antigen‐independent manner. These results suggest that senescent effector CD8+ T cells may contribute to tumor immunity in the elderly by acquiring NK‐like innate immune functions, such as antigen‐independent cytotoxic activity.
Support to caregivers who have received genetic information about neurodevelopmental and psychiatric vulnerability in their young children: A narrative review
Authors: Perlman Polina , Vorstman Jacob , Hoang Ny , Summers Jane , Baribeau Danielle , Cunningham Jessie , Mulsant Benoit H. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiagnosis of pathogenic genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs) is increasingly made early in life. This narrative review focuses on the need for, and provision of, psychological supports following genetic diagnosis. We conducted a literature search of publications on how caregivers are informed about the NPD vulnerability associated with genetic variants, challenges and unmet needs when receiving this information, and whether psychological supports are provided. Given its early recognition, the 22q11.2 deletion has been studied thoroughly for two decades, providing generalizable insights. This literature indicates the complex caregivers' needs related to learning about potential NPD vulnerabilities associated with a genetic variant, include how to communicate the diagnosis, how to identify early signs of NPDs, how to deal with stigma and a lack of medical expertise outside of specialized genetics clinics. With one exception, no publications describe psychotherapeutic support provided to parents. In the absence of support, caregivers struggle with several unmet needs regarding potential longer‐term NPD implications of a genetic diagnosis. The field needs to go beyond explaining genetic diagnoses and associated vulnerabilities, and develop approaches to support caregivers with communicating and managing NPD implications across the child's lifespan.
Diagnostic performance and safety of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration/biopsy for gallbladder lesions
Authors: Kuraishi Yasuhiro , Hara Kazuo , Haba Shin , Kuwahara Takamichi , Okuno Nozomi , Yanaidani Takafumi , Ishikawa Sho , Yasuda Tsukasa , Yamada Masanori , Fukui Toshitaka , Mizuno Nobumasa 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and fine‐needle biopsy (EUS‐FNA/FNB) is not fully established as a pathological sampling tool for gallbladder lesions due to limited evidence. We therefore aimed to clarify the effectiveness and safety of this procedure in a large‐population cohort.MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of EUS‐FNA/FNB for accurately differentiating between benign and malignant gallbladder lesions. Puncture targets included the gallbladder mass, lymph node, and liver mass. Adverse events and factors associated with diagnostic accuracy were analyzed as well.ResultsIn 187 patients with gallbladder lesions undergoing EUS‐FNA/FNB, 18 benign lesions and 169 malignant lesions were identified. Overall sampling adequacy was 98% (184/187). The diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐FNA/FNB was 97% (182/187), sensitivity was 97% (164/169), and specificity was 100% (18/18). A single postprocedural complication (minor bleeding) was recorded in one patient. In the 169 cases of malignancy, 203 sites were punctured for pathological sampling of the primary mass (n = 94), lymph node (n = 79), and metastatic liver mass (n = 30). No significant difference was found for diagnostic accuracy among the puncture sites (P = 0.70). In cases having specimens obtained from the primary mass, the accuracy of those targeting liver invasion sites was significantly higher than that of other sites (98% vs. 83%, P < 0.01).ConclusionEUS‐FNA/FNB demonstrated clinical usefulness and safety for the pathological diagnosis of gallbladder lesions, with high diagnostic yield and a low incidence of adverse events. Targeting the site of liver infiltration may improve the diagnostic rate of EUS‐FNA/FNB in the primary mass.
Impacts of predation by Eurasian otters on Atlantic salmon in two Norwegian rivers
Authors: Sortland Lene Klubben , Lennox Robert J. , Velle Gaute , Vollset Knut Wiik , Kambestad Marius 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The return of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) to western Norway has sparked human–predator conflicts because otters prey on vulnerable Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) populations. Although predation may not be the ultimate cause of salmon population declines, otters that kill adult salmon in rivers before they spawn impact the salmon spawning stock, with potential consequences for stock recruitment and ecosystem services (especially fisheries).

To gain insight into impacts of otter predation on salmon populations, we quantified the predation by otters on adult salmon in two rivers in western Norway using a combination of radiotelemetry and temperature loggers. We tagged 30 salmon in Aureelva and 30 salmon in Søre Vartdalselva, and tracked the salmon until they died or left the river.

This method identified the fates of 95% of tagged salmon. Estimated predation rates on adult salmon were 32% in Aureelva and 95% in Søre Vartdalselva. The salmon stock in Søre Vartdalselva was well below the spawning target, partly attributable to putatively additive mortality from predation by otters. Notwithstanding, we found no evidence that otters selectively killed salmon based on sex, length, health status, or activity level.

Salmon in Søre Vartdalselva had greater predation risk compared to salmon in Aureelva, possibly due to differences in habitat types such as availability of holding pools. The presence of more holding area in Aureelva probably provided predation refuges for adult salmon that buffered the effectiveness of otter predation.

Our findings emphasise that management decisions should be guided by river‐specific evaluations of impacts of predation on salmon. Otters are a very visible predator operating at the final phase of the life cycle before spawning, so predation is liable to be controversial given that salmon are now Red Listed in Norway.
(Dis)empowering the feminine? Spatializing the interlace of gender‐class‐neoliberal managerialism in a women‐only café in India
Authors: Chennangodu Rajeshwari , Kandathil George 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing the Lefebvrian triad, we explore spatial organizing of classed‐gendered work and working bodies in a cafe space that emerges from urbanized claims of empowering “rural poor women” to become entrepreneurs by employing them in a cafe. Our critical‐interpretive ethnography analyses the process of installing a neoliberal‐managerial path along which foodwork and working bodies are hierarchized and disciplined, creating spatialized hegemonic gendered positionalities interlaced with elite urban‐working class rural binaries. The womanized workers came to embody the binaries and the dialectical contradictions they created, yet performing alternative femininities in the free spaces and times in the cafe.
Unpacking the Cinderella black box of complex intervention development through the Partners at Care Transitions (PACT) programme of research
Authors: Murray Jenni , Baxter Ruth , Lawton Rebecca , Hardicre Natasha , Shannon Rosie , Langley Joseph , Partridge Rebecca , Moore Sally , O'Hara Jane K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionComplex intervention development has been described as the ‘Cinderella’ black box in health services research. Greater transparency in the intervention development process is urgently needed to help reduce research waste.MethodsWe applied a new consensus‐based framework for complex intervention development to our programme of research, in which we developed an intervention to improve the safety and experience of care transitions for older people. Through this process, we aimed to reflect on the framework's utility for intervention development and identify any important gaps within it to support its continued development.FindingsThe framework was a useful tool for transparent reporting of the process of complex intervention development. We identified potential ‘action’ gaps in the framework including ‘consolidation of evidence’ and ‘development of principles’ that could bracket and steer decision‐making in the process.ConclusionsWe consider that the level of transparency demonstrated in this report, aided through use of the framework, is essential in the quest for reducing research waste.Patient or Public ContributionWe have involved our dedicated patient and public involvement group in all work packages of this programme of research. Specifically, they attended and contributed to co‐design workshops and contributed to finalizing the intervention for the pilot evaluation. Staff also participated by attending co‐design workshops, helping us to prioritize content ideas for the intervention and supporting the development of intervention components outside of the workshops.
Human papillomavirus and p53 status define three types of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas with distinct clinical, pathological, and prognostic features
Authors: Carreras‐Dieguez Nuria , Saco Adela , del Pino Marta , Marimon Lorena , López del Campo Ricardo , Manzotti Carolina , Fusté Pere , Pumarola Clàudia , Torné Aureli , Garcia Adriana , Rakislova Natalia 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionBased on their etiological relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV), the 2020 WHO classification has divided vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC) into two distinct types, HPV‐associated and HPV‐independent, and HPV‐independent tumours have recently been divided according to p53 status. Nevertheless, the clinical and prognostic significance of this classification has not been clearly established. We analysed the differential clinical, pathological, and behavioural characteristics of these three types of VSCC in a large series of patients.Methods and resultsVSCC samples from patients who underwent primary surgery at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain, during a 47‐year period (January 1975 to January 2022) were analysed (n = 190). HPV detection, p16, and p53 immunohistochemical staining were evaluated. We also analysed recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS). Thirty‐three tumours (17.4%) were HPV‐associated and 157 (82.6%) HPV‐independent. Of these, 20 showed normal and 137 abnormal p53 expression. The two types of HPV‐independent tumours showed worse RFS in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.63; P = 0.023 for the HPV‐independent p53 normal VSCC and HR = 2.78; P = 0.028 for the HPV‐independent p53 abnormal VSCC). Although the differences were not significant, HPV‐independent VSCC had worse DSS than HPV‐associated VSCC. Although patients with HPV‐independent p53 normal tumours had worse RFS than patients with HPV‐independent p53 abnormal tumours, the DSS was better for the former group. Only advanced FIGO stage was associated with worse DSS in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.83; P = 0.010).ConclusionThe association of HPV and p53 status have prognostic implications, reinforcing a three‐tier molecular classification of VSCC (HPV‐associated VSCC, HPV‐independent VSCC with normal p53, HPV‐independent VSCC with abnormal p53).
Immunosuppressive treatment for autoimmune blistering diseases does not impair production of neutralizing antibodies after “booster” dose of COVID‐19 vaccine
Authors: Russo Roberto , Capurro Niccolὸ , Cozzani Emanuele , Gasparini Giulia , Canepa Paola , Parodi Aurora 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince vaccines against COVID‐19 are available, it has been debated if immunosuppressed patients with autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBDs) should be advised to interrupt the immunosuppressive therapy before receiving the vaccine, with consequent risk to experience a flare of disease. In the present study, we measured the neutralizing antibodies production after anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with AIBDs on immunosuppressive treatment, compared to healthy controls. Our results give strength to the hypothesis that these patients do not need to discontinue their therapy to produce effective levels of neutralizing antibodies, in other words to achieve successful protection.
Prevalence and Distribution of Microplastics in Oysters from the Mississippi Sound
Authors: Wontor Kendall , Cizdziel James V. , Scircle Austin , Gochfeld Deborah J. , Pandelides Ann Fairly 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOysters are a foundational part of their ecosystem and research has shown they are negatively impacted by exposure to microplastics (MPs). High MP levels have been documented in waters surrounding oyster reefs, and as filter feeders, oysters can ingest MPs along with their food. Here, we determined MPs (>30 µm) in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) from ten sites across the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Further, a subset of these samples was dissected to quantify MPs within specific tissues. Average concentrations ranged from 30.7± 11.5 to 4.7 ± 0.25 putative MPs/g wet weight (ww) of whole tissue, with sites inside bays near population centers displaying higher levels of MPs than those exposed directly to the Gulf. Mantle, gill, and adductor muscle tissues had similar concentrations of putative MPs (15.9 ± 13.4, 11.5 ± 8.6 and 12.8 ± 6.7 MPs/g, respectively), whereas digestive system tissues had lower concentrations (6.8 ± 6.1 MPs/g of tissue). This suggests that most MPs in an oyster likely adhere to external tissues and are not actually ingested. Most of the MPs retained were in the smallest size fraction of 30‐90 µm (80%), followed by 125‐250 µm (9%), 90‐125 µm (8%), and >250 µm (3%). Analysis of samples from Biloxi Bay by µ‐FTIR to assess MP composition shows that polyurethane, polyethylene, and polyamide are common, but additional analyses are needed to fully characterize the MP profile across sites. Overall, this work provides much‐needed empirical data on the abundances and sizes of MPs in oysters from the Mississippi Sound, as well as the tissues where they reside.