bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Nitrogen Isotopic Systematics in Different N Forms for the Reconstruction of Redox Conditions: An Example From the Songliao Basin
Authors: Cao Hansheng , Wang Zaiyun , Chen Fajin , Chen Chunqing , Hu Liumei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe assessment of nitrogen cycle processes in paleomarine and paleolake systems commonly relies solely on total nitrogen isotopes. If organic nitrogen and adsorbed nitrate can be effectively extracted from samples, the application of nitrogen isotopic systematics in different N forms would be beneficial for reconstructing the nitrogen cycle process in pore water and would mutually complement water chemistry information. According to the variations in δ13Corg, δ15NTN, δ15Norg and δ15Nnitrate data of the Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin, NE China, the profile could be divided into three intervals (intervals A–C). We attribute the anomalously high δ15Nnitrate (∼+20‰) from intervals A and C to the effect of sedimentary denitrification that occurred in the benthic sediments during the early diagenetic stage. We also recognize the intimate relationship between δ15Nnitrate and δ15Norg values, which are interpreted to reflect the effect of water column denitrification in the bottom waters and/or surface pore water. Based on the comparison of nitrogen isotope variability and the evolving environmental context, we interpret the water column denitrification as primarily reflecting anoxic bottom water or surface pore waters, while the sedimentary denitrification indicated by abnormally high δ15Nnitrate can effectively represent oxic bottom water. This study not only reveals that the adsorbed nitrate can be well extracted from mudstones with low thermal decomposition degrees but also suggests that the organic nitrogen‐nitrate isotope proxies can be used as a potential parameter to track the redox structure in water masses.
Blockage of Nrf2 and autophagy by L-selenocystine induces selective death in Nrf2-addicted colorectal cancer cells through p62-Keap-1-Nrf2 axis
Authors: Hsu Wei-Lun , Wang Chieh-Min , Yao Chao-Ling , Chen Ssu-Ching , Nien Chung-Yi , Sun Yang-Ho , Tseng Tsung-Yu , Luo Yueh-Hsia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPersistent Nrf2 activation is typically noted in many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC), aiding cancer cells in overcoming growth stress and promoting cancer progression. Sustained Nrf2 activation, which is beneficial for cancer cells, is called “Nrf2 addiction”; it is closely associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. However, Nrf2 inhibitors may have adverse effects on normal cells. Here, we found that the selenocompoundl-selenocystine (SeC) is selectively cytotoxic in the Nrf2-addicted CRC cell line WiDr cells, but not in non–Nrf2-addicted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and normal human colon cells. Another CRC cell line, C2BBe1, which harbored lower levels of Nrf2 and its downstream proteins were less sensitive to SeC, compared with the WiDr cells. We further demonstrated that SeC inhibited Nrf2 and autophagy activation in the CRC cells. Antioxidant GSH pretreatment partially rescued the CRC cells from SeC-induced cytotoxicity and Nrf2 and autophagy pathway inhibition. By contrast, SeC activated Nrf2 and autophagy pathway in non–Nrf2-addicted MSCs. Transfecting WiDr cells withNrf2-targeting siRNA decreased persistent Nrf2 activation and alleviated SeC cytotoxicity. InKEAP1-knockdown C2BBe1cells, Nrf2 pathway activation increased SeC sensitivity and cytotoxicity. In conclusion, SeC selectively attacks cancer cells with constitutively activated Nrf2 by reducing Nrf2 and autophagy pathway protein expression through the P62–Nrf2–antioxidant response element axis and eventually trigger cell death.
Dynamic partitioning of branched-chain amino acids-derived nitrogen supports renal cancer progression
Authors: Sciacovelli Marco , Dugourd Aurelien , Jimenez Lorea Valcarcel , Yang Ming , Nikitopoulou Efterpi , Costa Ana S. H. , Tronci Laura , Caraffini Veronica , Rodrigues Paulo , Schmidt Christina , Ryan Dylan Gerard , Young Timothy , Zecchini Vincent R. , Rossi Sabrina H. , Massie Charlie , Lohoff Caroline , Masid Maria , Hatzimanikatis Vassily , Kuppe Christoph , Von Kriegsheim Alex , Kramann Rafael , Gnanapragasam Vincent , Warren Anne Y. , Stewart Grant D. , Erez Ayelet , Vanharanta Sakari , Saez-Rodriguez Julio , Frezza Christian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming is critical for tumor initiation and progression. However, the exact impact of specific metabolic changes on cancer progression is poorly understood. Here, we integrate multimodal analyses of primary and metastatic clonally-related clear cell renal cancer cells (ccRCC) grown in physiological media to identify key stage-specific metabolic vulnerabilities. We show that aVHLloss-dependent reprogramming of branched-chain amino acid catabolism sustains the de novo biosynthesis of aspartate and arginine enabling tumor cells with the flexibility of partitioning the nitrogen of the amino acids depending on their needs. Importantly, we identify the epigenetic reactivation of argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1), a urea cycle enzyme suppressed in primary ccRCC, as a crucial event for metastatic renal cancer cells to acquire the capability to generate arginine, invade in vitro and metastasize in vivo. Overall, our study uncovers a mechanism of metabolic flexibility occurring during ccRCC progression, paving the way for the development of novel stage-specific therapies.
STREAMING-tag system reveals spatiotemporal relationships between transcriptional regulatory factors and transcriptional activity
Authors: Ohishi Hiroaki , Shimada Seiru , Uchino Satoshi , Li Jieru , Sato Yuko , Shintani Manabu , Owada Hitoshi , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Pertsinidis Alexandros , Yamamoto Takashi , Kimura Hiroshi , Ochiai Hiroshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTranscription is a dynamic process. To detect the dynamic relationship among protein clusters of RNA polymerase II and coactivators, gene loci, and transcriptional activity, we insert an MS2 repeat, a TetO repeat, and inteins with a selection marker just downstream of the transcription start site. By optimizing the individual elements, we develop the Spliced TetO REpeAt, MS2 repeat, and INtein sandwiched reporter Gene tag (STREAMING-tag) system. Clusters of RNA polymerase II and BRD4 are observed proximal to the transcription start site of Nanog when the gene is transcribed in mouse embryonic stem cells. In contrast, clusters of MED19 and MED22 tend to be located near the transcription start site, even without transcription activity. Thus, the STREAMING-tag system reveals the spatiotemporal relationships between transcriptional activity and protein clusters near the gene. This powerful tool is useful for quantitatively understanding transcriptional regulation in living cells.
Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice
Authors: Kwon Yun Han , Banskota Suhrid , Wang Huaqing , Rossi Laura , Grondin Jensine A. , Syed Saad A. , Yousefi Yeganeh , Schertzer Jonathan D. , Morrison Katherine M. , Wade Michael G. , Holloway Alison C. , Surette Michael G. , Steinberg Gregory R. , Khan Waliul I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractChemicals in food are widely used leading to significant human exposure. Allura Red AC (AR) is a highly common synthetic colorant; however, little is known about its impact on colitis. Here, we show chronic exposure of AR at a dose found in commonly consumed dietary products exacerbates experimental models of colitis in mice. While intermittent exposure is more akin to a typical human exposure, intermittent exposure to AR in mice for 12 weeks, does not influence susceptibility to colitis. However, exposure to AR during early life primes mice to heightened susceptibility to colitis. In addition, chronic exposure to AR induces mild colitis, which is associated with elevated colonic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels and impairment of the epithelial barrier function via myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Importantly, chronic exposure to AR does not influence colitis susceptibility in mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate limiting enzyme for 5-HT biosynthesis. Cecal transfer of the perturbed gut microbiota by AR exposure worsens colitis severity in the recipient germ-free (GF) mice. Furthermore, chronic AR exposure elevates colonic 5-HT levels in naïve GF mice. Though it remains unknown whether AR has similar effects in humans, our study reveals that chronic long-term exposure to a common synthetic colorant promotes experimental colitis via colonic 5-HT in gut microbiota-dependent and -independent pathway in mice.
Adipose-targeted triiodothyronine therapy counteracts obesity-related metabolic complications and atherosclerosis with negligible side effects
Authors: Chen Kang , Cheong Lai Yee , Gao Yuan , Zhang Yaming , Feng Tianshi , Wang Qin , Jin Leigang , Honoré Eric , Lam Karen S. L. , Wang Weiping , Hui Xiaoyan , Xu Aimin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) is a thermogenic activator with anti-obesity potential. However, systemic TH administration has no obvious clinical benefits on weight reduction. Herein we selectively delivered triiodothyronine (T3) to adipose tissues by encapsulating T3 in liposomes modified with an adipose homing peptide (PLT3). Systemic T3 administration failed to promote thermogenesis in brown and white adipose tissues (WAT) due to a feedback suppression of sympathetic innervation. PLT3 therapy effectively obviated this feedback suppression on adrenergic inputs, and potently induced browning and thermogenesis of WAT, leading to alleviation of obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and fatty liver in obese mice. Furthermore, PLT3 was much more effective than systemic T3 therapy in reducing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice. These findings uncover WAT as a viable target mediating the therapeutic benefits of TH and provide a safe and efficient therapeutic strategy for obesity and its complications by delivering TH to adipose tissue.
Quantum criticality of excitonic Mott metal-insulator transitions in black phosphorus
Authors: Zheng Binjie , Wang Junzhuan , Wang Qianghua , Su Xin , Huang Tianye , Li Songlin , Wang Fengqiu , Shi Yi , Wang Xiaomu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractQuantum phase transition refers to the abrupt change of ground states of many-body systems driven by quantum fluctuations. It hosts various intriguing exotic states around its quantum critical points approaching zero temperature. Here we report the spectroscopic and transport evidences of quantum critical phenomena of an exciton Mott metal-insulator-transition in black phosphorus. Continuously tuning the interplay of electron-hole pairs by photo-excitation and using Fourier-transform photo-current spectroscopy as a probe, we measure a comprehensive phase diagram of electron-hole states in temperature and electron-hole pair density parameter space. We characterize an evolution from optical insulator with sharp excitonic transition to metallic electron-hole plasma phases featured by broad absorption and population inversion. We also observe strange metal behavior that resistivity is linear in temperature near the Mott transition boundaries. Our results exemplify an ideal platform to investigating strongly-correlated physics in semiconductors, such as crossover between superconductivity and superfluity of exciton condensation.
Draft genome sequencing and secretome profiling of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum revealed effector repertoire diversity and allied broad-host range necrotrophy
Authors: Gupta Navin C. , Yadav Sunita , Arora Shaweta , Mishra Dwijesh C. , Budhlakoti Neeraj , Gaikwad Kishore , Rao Mahesh , Prasad Lakshman , Rai Pramod K. , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWhite mold commonly known as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes stem rot disease and has emerged as one of the major fungal pathogens of oilseed Brassica across the world. In the present study, consistently virulent S. sclerotiorum isolate “ESR-01” was sequenced and an assembly size of ~ 41 Mb with 328 scaffolds having N50 of 447,128 was obtained. Additionally, 27,450 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified from 155 scaffolds against S. sclerotiorum 1980 isolate, with an average SNP density of ~ 1.5 per kb genome. 667 repetitive elements were identified and approximately comprised 7% of the total annotated genes. The DDE_1 with 454 in numbers was found to be the most abundant and accounts for 68% of the total predicted repetitive elements. In total, 3844 simple sequence repeats are identified in the 328 scaffolds. A total of 9469 protein-coding genes were predicted from the whole genome assembly with an average gene length of 1587 bp and their distribution as 230.95 genes per Mb in the genome. Out of 9469 predicted protein-coding genes, 529 genes were observed encoding the CAZymes (Carbohydrate-Active enzymes) capable of degradation of the complex polysaccharides. Glycosyltransferase (GT) families were most abundant (49.71%) among the predicted CAZymes and GT2 (23%), GT4 (20%), and glycoside hydrolase (GH) 23% with GH18 (11%) were the prominent cell wall degrading enzyme families in the ESR-01 secretome. Besides this, 156 genes essential for the pathogen-host interactions were also identified. The effector analysis in the whole genome proteomics dataset revealed a total of 57 effector candidates (ECs) and 27 of them were having their analogs whereas the remaining 30 were novel ones. Eleven selected ECs were validated experimentally by analyzing the expression profile of the ESR-01 isolate of S. sclerotiorum. Together, the present investigation offers a better understanding of the S. sclerotiorum genome, secretome, and its effector repertoire which will help in refining the present knowledge on S. sclerotiorum-Brassica interactions and necrotrophic lifestyle of the phytopathogen in general.
Significance of Hall current and viscous dissipation in the bioconvection flow of couple-stress nanofluid with generalized Fourier and Fick laws
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad , Javed Muhammad , Rehman Sadique , Saeed Anwar , Gul Taza , Kumam Poom , Suttiarporn Panawan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the pump of different machines, the vacuum pump oil (VPO) is used as a lubricant. The heat rate transport mechanism is a significant requirement for all industries and engineering. The applications of VPO in discrete fields of industries and engineering fields are uranium enrichment, electron microscopy, radio pharmacy, ophthalmic coating, radiosurgery, production of most types of electric lamps, mass spectrometers, freeze-drying, and, etc. Therefore, in the present study, the nanoparticles are mixed up into the VPO base liquid for the augmentation of energy transportation. Further, the MHD flow of a couple stress nanoliquid with the applications of Hall current toward the rotating disk is discussed. The Darcy-Forchheimer along with porous medium is examined. The prevalence of viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and Joule heating impacts are also considered. With the aid of Cattaneo-Christov heat-mass flux theory, the mechanism for energy and mass transport is deliberated. The idea of the motile gyrotactic microorganisms is incorporated. The existing problem is expressed as higher-order PDEs, which are then transformed into higher-order ODEs by employing the appropriate similarity transformations. For the analytical simulation of the modeled system of equations, the HAM scheme is utilized. The behavior of the flow profiles of the nanoliquid against various flow parameters has discoursed through the graphs. The outcomes from this analysis determined that the increment in a couple-stress liquid parameter reduced the fluid velocity. It is obtained that, the expansion in thermal and solutal relaxation time parameters decayed the nanofluid temperature and concentration. Further, it is examined that a higher magnetic field amplified the skin friction coefficients of the nanoliquid. Heat transport is increased through the rising of the radiation parameter.
Quantification of biological nitrogen fixation by Mo-independent complementary nitrogenases in environmental samples with low nitrogen fixation activity
Authors: Haynes Shannon J. , Darnajoux Romain , Han Eunah , Oleynik Sergey , Zimble Ezra , Zhang Xinning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBiological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by canonical molybdenum and complementary vanadium and iron-only nitrogenase isoforms is the primary natural source of newly fixed nitrogen. Understanding controls on global nitrogen cycling requires knowledge of the isoform responsible for environmental BNF. The isotopic acetylene reduction assay (ISARA), which measures carbon stable isotope (13C/12C) fractionation between ethylene and acetylene in acetylene reduction assays, is one of the few methods that can quantify isoform-specific BNF fluxes. Application of classical ISARA has been challenging because environmental BNF activity is often too low to generate sufficient ethylene for isotopic analyses. Here we describe a high sensitivity method to measure ethylene δ13C by in-line coupling of ethylene preconcentration to gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EPCon-GC-C-IRMS). Ethylene requirements in samples with 10% v/v acetylene are reduced from > 500 to ~ 20 ppmv (~ 2 ppmv with prior offline acetylene removal). To increase robustness by reducing calibration error, single nitrogenase-isoform Azotobacter vinelandii mutants and environmental sample assays rely on a common acetylene source for ethylene production. Application of the Low BNF activity ISARA (LISARA) method to low nitrogen-fixing activity soils, leaf litter, decayed wood, cryptogams, and termites indicates complementary BNF in most sample types, calling for additional studies of isoform-specific BNF.
Assessing the influence of microwave-assisted synthesis parameters and stabilizing ligands on the optical properties of AIS/ZnS quantum dots
Authors: Dhamo Lorena , Wegner K. David , Würth Christian , Häusler Ines , Hodoroaba Vasile-Dan , Resch-Genger Ute 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLuminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are frequently used in the life and material sciences as reporter for bioimaging studies and as active components in devices such as displays, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and sensors. Increasing concerns regarding the use of toxic elements like cadmium and lead, and hazardous organic solvents during QD synthesis have meanwhile triggered the search for heavy-metal free QDs using green chemistry syntheses methods. Interesting candidates are ternary AgInS2 (AIS) QDs that exhibit broad photoluminescence (PL) bands, large effective Stokes shifts, high PL quantum yields (PL QYs), and long PL lifetimes, which are particularly beneficial for applications such as bioimaging, white light-emitting diodes, and solar concentrators. In addition, these nanomaterials can be prepared in high quality with a microwave-assisted (MW) synthesis in aqueous solution. The homogeneous heat diffusion and instant temperature rise of the MW synthesis enables a better control of QD nucleation and growth and thus increases the batch-to-batch reproducibility. In this study, we systematically explored the MW synthesis of AIS/ZnS QDs by varying parameters such as the order of reagent addition, precursor concentration, and type of stabilizing thiol ligand, and assessed their influence on the optical properties of the resulting AIS/ZnS QDs. Under optimized synthesis conditions, water-soluble AIS/ZnS QDs with a PL QY of 65% and excellent colloidal and long-term stability could be reproducible prepared.
Martian buildings: structural forms using in-place sources
Authors: Soureshjani Omid Karimzade , Massumi Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOn Mars, structural loads and the low tensile strength of in-place Martian binders make existing solutions for Martian structures uneconomical because they are based on the terrestrial sources like inflatable units. Here we address this issue by introducing and analyzing three innovative structural forms in accordance with the structural engineering point of view using symmetric optimum parabolic rotated arch shapes and in-place waterless sulfur-based concrete. These forms minimize the tensile stresses under Martian structural loads. Probable Martian structural loads, including gravity, wind, marsquakes, asteroid and meteoroid impact loads and their effects have been investigated and calculated. The proposed models were analyzed under Martian structural loads using the implicit finite element method and the results were compared to two concrete structural forms from previous studies. The proposed models could tolerate Martian structural loads with complete elastic behavior and would significantly decrease the Martian colonization cost due to using Martian resources and reduce element importing from Earth.
Multistressor global change drivers reduce hatch and viability of Lingcod embryos, a benthic egg layer in the California Current System
Authors: Willis-Norton Ellen , Carr Mark H. , Hazen Elliott L. , Kroeker Kristy J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEarly life history stages of marine fishes are often more susceptible to environmental stressors than adult stages. This vulnerability is likely exacerbated for species that lay benthic egg masses bound to substrate because the embryos cannot evade locally unfavorable environmental conditions. Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), a benthic egg layer, is an ecologically and economically significant predator in the highly-productive California Current System (CCS). We ran a flow-through mesocosm experiment that exposed Lingcod eggs collected from Monterey Bay, CA to conditions we expect to see in the central CCS by the year 2050 and 2100. Exposure to temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentrations projected by the year 2050 halved the successful hatch of Lingcod embryos and significantly reduced the size of day-1 larvae. In the year 2100 treatment, viable hatch plummeted (3% of normal), larvae were undersized (83% of normal), yolk reserves were exhausted (38% of normal), and deformities were widespread (94% of individuals). This experiment is the first to expose marine benthic eggs to future temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions in concert. Lingcod are a potential indicator species for other benthic egg layers for which global change conditions may significantly diminish recruitment rates.