bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Analysis of Hydrophobic Atractylenolides, Atractylon and Hydrophilic Sugars in Bai-Zhu by HPLC Column Tandem Technique
Authors: Gu Zhixing , Nie Xi , Guo Ping , Lu Yuehua , Chen Bo 
Published: September 2023

An analytical method was established by HPLC-DAD-ELSD with C18-NH2 column tandem for the simultaneous determination of hydrophobic components atractylenolide I, II, III, atractylone and hydrophilic compounds glucose, fructose and sucrose in the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (a natural raw material for health foods, Bai-Zhu aka. in Chinese). The method combines different separation capabilities of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, can provide a new choice for the simultaneous determination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in traditional Chinese medicines and health foods. It provided a reference method for the quality control of Bai-Zhu. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficients of the established column tandem chromatographic method were all greater than 0.9990, the relative standard deviation was 0.1%-2.8%, and the average recovery was 96.7%-103.1%. The contents of atractylenolide I, II, III, atractylone, fructose, glucose, and sucrose in 17 batches of Baizhu were 172.3-759.8 μg/g, 201.4-612.8 μg/g, 160.3-534.2 μg/g, 541.4-8723.1 μg/g, 6.9-89.7 mg/g, 0.7-7.9 mg/g, and 1.2-21.0 mg/g, respectively.
Plasma Cytokines for Prediction of the Effectiveness of TNFα Inhibitors Etanercept, Infliximab, and Adalimumab in the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Arfenya Karamova , Znamenskaya Ludmila , Vorontsova Anastasiia , Obraztsova Olga , Nikonorov Alexandr , Nikonorova Eugenia , Deryabin Dmitry , Kubanov Alexey 
Published: September 2023

An analysis of the relationship between plasma cytokines and the effectiveness of treatment with TNFαinhibitors was performed in 81 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Treatment efficacy was assessed by PASI score, and patients were classified into a positive effect (PASI≥75) and no effect group (PASI≤50). A positive effect was reached in 11 (41%) patients for etanercept, 14 (52%) for adalimumab, and 26 (96%) for infliximab. Data analysis did not show differences in baseline TNFα levels and subsequent treatment effectiveness. The CART algorithm showed that at the baseline level of VEGF ≥ 32 pg/ml and IL17F &amp;lt; 26 pg/ml, there was an 83% probability of a positive effect. Random forest analysis showed the importance of VEGF, ICAM1, sCD40L, IL17F and IL31 baseline levels in the prediction of treatment effectiveness. Significant differences between the groups before/after the treatment were found only for TNFα: the median values were more than 50 times higher in no effect compared with positive effect group. There were differences before/after therapy in the levels of IL20, ICAM1, IL22, IL23 in the no effect group. The treatment affected the cytokine profile in most cases regardless of the effectiveness of therapy.
Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Guo Zhihua , Cui Yi , Li Yijun , Lu Hongliang , Liu Quanhui , Zhu Xia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The move away from investigating mental disorders as whole using sum scores to the analysis of symptom-level interactions using network analysis has provided new insights into comorbidity. The current study explored the dynamic interactions between depressive and anxiety symptoms in older Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) and identified central and bridge symptoms in the depression-anxiety network to provide targets for prevention and intervention into depression and anxiety.
Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design with data from the 2017–2018 wave of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A regularized partial correlation network for depression and anxiety was estimated based on self-reported scales completed by 1685 older adults with DM aged 65 years or older. Expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI) indices were calculated for each symptom.
Results
The prevalences of depression and anxiety in our sample were 52.9% and 12.8%, respectively. The comorbidity rate of depression and anxiety was 11.5%. The six edges with the strongest regularized partial correlations were between symptoms from the same disorder. “Feeling blue/depressed”, “Nervousness or anxiety”, “Uncontrollable worry”, “Trouble relaxing”, and “Worry too much” had the highest EI values. “Nervousness or anxiety” and “Everything was an effort” exhibited the highest BEI values.
Conclusion
Central and bridge symptoms were highlighted in this study. Targeting these symptoms may be effective in preventing the comorbidity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and facilitate interventions in older Chinese adults with DM who are at risk for or suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms.
From pilot to a multi-site trial: Refining the Early Detection of Deterioration in Elderly Residents (EDDIE+) intervention
Authors: Allen Michelle J. , Carter Hannah E. , Cyarto Elizabeth , Meyer Claudia , Dwyer Trudy , Oprescu Florin , Aitken Christopher , Farrington Alison , Shield Carla , Rowland Jeffrey , Lee Xing J. , Graves Nick , Parkinson Lynne , Harvey Gillian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Early Detection of Deterioration in Elderly Residents (EDDIE+) is a multi-modal intervention focused on empowering nursing and personal care workers to identify and proactively manage deterioration of residents living in residential aged care (RAC) homes. Building on successful pilot trials conducted between 2014 and 2017, the intervention was refined for implementation in a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial in 12 RAC homes from March 2021 to May 2022. We report the process used to transition from a small-scale pilot intervention to a multi-site intervention, detailing the intervention to enable future replication.
Methods
The EDDIE + intervention used the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework to guide the intervention development and refinement process. We conducted an environmental scan; multi-level context assessments; convened an intervention working group (IWG) to develop the program logic, conducted a sustainability assessment and deconstructed the intervention components into fixed and adaptable elements; and subsequently refined the intervention.
Results
The original EDDIE pilot intervention included four components: nurse and personal care worker education; decision support tools; diagnostic equipment; and facilitation and clinical support. Deconstructing the intervention into core components and what could be flexibly tailored to context was essential for refining the intervention and informing the implementation across multiple sites. Intervention elements considered unsustainable were updated and refined to enable their scalability. Refinements included: an enhanced educational component with a greater focus on personal care workers and interactive learning; decision support tools that were based on updated evidence; equipment that aligned with recipient needs and available organisational support; and updated facilitation model with local and external facilitation.
Conclusion
By using the i-PARIHS framework in the scale-up process, the EDDIE + intervention was tailored to fit the needs of intended recipients and contexts, enabling flexibility for local adaptation. The process of transitioning from a pilot to larger scale implementation in practice is vastly underreported yet vital for better development and implementation of multi-component interventions across multiple sites. We provide an example using an implementation framework and show it can be advantageous to researchers and health practitioners from pilot stage to refinement through to larger scale implementation.
Trial registration
The trial was prospectively registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12620000507987, registered 23/04/2020).
Micro-expression recognition using a multi-scale feature extraction network with attention mechanisms
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Qingyun , Shu Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Micro-expressions are instantaneous flashes of facial expressions that reveal a person's true feelings and emotions. Micro-expression recognition (MER) is challenging due to its low motion intensity, short duration, and the limited number of publicly available samples. Although the present MER methods have achieved great progress, they face the problems of a large number of training parameters and insufficient feature extraction ability. In this paper, we propose a lightweight network MFE-Net with Res-blocks to extract multi-scale features for MER. To extract more valuable features, we incorporate Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention and multi-headed self-attention (MHSA) mechanisms in our MFE-Net. The proposed network is used for learning features from three optical flow features (i.e. optical strain, horizontal and vertical optical flow images) which are calculated from the onset and apex frames. We employ the LOSO cross-validation strategy to conduct experiments on CASME II and the composite dataset selected by MEGC2019, respectively. The extensive experimental results demonstrate the viability and effectiveness of our method.
Pharmacological inhibition of α-synuclein aggregation
within liquid condensates
Authors: Vendruscolo Michele , Dada Samuel , Toprakcioglu Zenon , Hardenberg Maarten , Cali Mariana , Mrugalla Lena , Morris Owen , Roentgen Alexander , Knowles Tuomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aggregated forms of α-synuclein constitute the major component of Lewy bodies, the proteinaceous aggregates characteristic of Parkinson’s disease1,2. Emerging evidence suggests that α-synuclein aggregation may occur within liquid condensates formed through phase separation3-5. This mechanism of aggregation creates new challenges and opportunites for drug discovery for Parkinson’s disease, which is otherwise still incurable6. Here we show that the condensation-driven aggregation pathway of α-synuclein can be inhibited using small molecules. We report that the aminosterol claramine stabilizes α-synuclein condensates, and inhibits α-synuclein aggregation within the condensates both in vitro and in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Parkinson’s disease. By using a chemical kinetics approach, we show that the mechanism of action of claramine is to inhibit primary nucleation within the condensates. These results illustrate a possible therapeutic route based on the inhibition of protein aggregation within condensates, a phenomenon likely to be relevant in other neurodegenerative disorders.
Vigorous vertical mixing supports biological production in the mesoscale Tsugaru Gyre
Authors: KANEKO Hitoshi , TANAKA Takahiro , Wakita Masahide , Sasaki Ken'ichi , OKUNISHI Takeshi , TATAMISASHI Shoko , SATO Yoshiaki , HASHIMUKAI Takayuki , CHIBA Tomokazu , TAKADA Makoto , YOSHINO Jun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Examining localized nutrient supplies that facilitate broader-scale biological production is imperative for comprehending marine ecosystems. Nutrients transported vertically in specific hotspot areas that reach the surface can be conveyed downstream by background currents, thereby augmenting surface biological production over a wider expanse, including robust currents traversing seamounts. However, assessing the influence of such transport on large-scale production poses challenges due to spatiotemporal disparities. We present an analysis of the Tsugaru Strait, a critical conduit linking the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean. Our investigation utilizes high-resolution surface current data acquired from a long-term high-frequency radar system aligned with direct turbulence measurements. Shipboard observations unveil significant turbulence and diffusive nitrate fluxes, surpassing open ocean levels by a factor of 10 or more. The intensified turbulence was associated with heightened surface density, indicative of a surface divergence field. A six-year statistical analysis establishes a positive correlation between this surface divergence and downstream chlorophyll-a distribution, aligning with the formation area of the hundred-kilometre-scale anticyclonic Tsugaru Gyre. Therefore, the Tsugaru Strait emerges as a hotspot for the production of the gyre, which is renowned as a valuable fishing ground. This discovery carries significant implications for monitoring and conserving marine ecosystems to ensure sustainability.
A Bibliometric Analysis on Climate Finance: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Shang Qingyi , Jin Xin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, different countries have implemented various measures to achieve climate governance. This has attracted significant attention from the academic community, resulting in a rapid increase in climate finance literature. This study conducts bibliometric analysis and systematic review to identify the development trends and research hotspots in the field of climate finance. The empirical findings reveal that climate finance research primarily focuses on environmental science, energy fuels, economics, and finance. However, there is limited coverage of climate finance content in finance journals. Moreover, scholars in developing countries show less interest in climate finance compared to them in developed countries, and there is limited cross-regional collaboration among scholars from developing countries. Finally, this paper analyzes clustering results to identify and categorize the focal areas dispersed across research articles, and provides future directions for the advancement of climate finance.
Loss of Plasticity in Deep Continual Learning
Authors: Dohare Shibhansh , Hernandez-Garcia Juan , Rahman Parash , Sutton Richard , Mahmood A. Rupam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Modern deep-learning systems are specialized to problem settings in which training occurs once and then never again, as opposed to continual-learning settings in which training occurs continually. If deep-learning systems are applied in a continual learning setting, then it is well known that they may fail to remember earlier examples. More fundamental, but less well known, is that they may also lose their ability to learn on new examples, a phenomenon called loss of plasticity. We provide direct demonstrations of loss of plasticity using the MNIST and ImageNet datasets repurposed for continual learning as sequences of tasks. In ImageNet, binary classification performance dropped from 89% accuracy on an early task down to 77%, about the level of a linear network, on the 2000th task. Loss of plasticity occurred with a wide range of deep network architectures, optimizers, activation functions, batch normalization, dropout, but was substantially eased by L2-regularization, particularly when combined with weight perturbation. Further, we introduce a new algorithm—continual backpropagation—which slightly modifies conventional backpropagation to reinitialize a small fraction of less-used units after each example and appears to maintain plasticity indefinitely.
Non-linear associations of HOMA2-IR with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in obese individuals: insights from NHANES 1999-2006
Authors: Zhang Aikai , Huang Lingchen , Tang Min 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The association of homeostatic model assessment (HOMA2-IR) and mortality among obese and non-obese population has not been clearly explained so far.
Methods
A total of 7,085 individuals aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006 were included in the study. The study endpoints were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis and Kaplan-Meier curve were employed for the evaluation.
Results
In a study comprising 59,815,733 weighted eligible participants, a total of 1666 all-cause deaths and 555 cardiovascular (CV) deaths were recorded over a mean follow-up period of 195.53 months. Notably, a significant difference in obesity was observed in relation to the association between HOMA2-IR and mortality. Upon adjusting for multiple variables, the highest group of HOMA2-IR exhibited an increased risk of all-cause and CV mortality among non-obese individuals when compared to the middle group. Conversely, the lowest group of HOMA2-IR was linked to higher CV mortality in obese participants compared to the middle group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.82, 95% confidence interval, 1.14–2.92, P = 0.013). The results from the restricted cubic spline analysis displayed a J-shaped correlation between HOMA2-IR and all-cause, as well as CV mortality. Additionally, a nonlinear U-shaped correlation was observed in the obese population, with inflection points identified at 1.64 and 1.85. Below these inflection points, a negative relationship between HOMA2-IR and mortality was observed.
Conclusions
Elevated HOMA2-IR demonstrated a noteworthy correlation with escalated risks of both all-cause and CV mortality. It was noteworthy that excessively diminished levels of insulin resistance exhibited a distinct association with heightened mortality among obese individuals.
Risk Factors for Low Back Pain Amongst Adults in Nigeria and South Africa. A Systematic Review
Authors: Fay Matthew , Black Michelle 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The burden on the individual, society and healthcare providers of low back pain in the western world is well documented. Globalisation and urbanisation, it has been reported, has led to an increase in low back pain in developing countries such as those situated in Sub-Saharan Africa. Low back pain determinants are framed, according to the individual, social and cultural context. The aim of this systematic review is determine the risk factors of low back pain in Nigeria and South Africa, whose growing and modernising economies operate alongside more traditional labour-intensive practices provide a comparison for modern-day Sub-Saharan Africa.
Method
A systematic review of literature was conducted, searching Embase, Medline, PubMed and Africa Index Medicus, from inception to November 2022. Owing to study heterogeneity a stratified synthesis was performed to analyse study data.
Results
Thirty-three studies were included. Their ability to demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between risk factor and low back pain is limited by study design. Overall, there is poor, moderate to good quality evidence of an association between sociodemographic, lifestyle, occupational and psychosocial risk factors and low back pain.
Conclusion
This review suggests common risk factors for low back pain exists in Nigerian and South African populations as they do in other countries. Rapid urbanisation and paucity in literature indicates future attention should focus on urban and rural community settings. Such efforts may assist in confirming common risk factors and prevalence of low back pain and other musculoskeletal conditions, initially in Nigeria and South Africa, and help contribute to relevant public health initiative prioritisation.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD 42023378363
Microcirculatory Resistance Based on a Single Angiographic View in ST- segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Dai Qing , Zhang Xinlin , Qiao Shiyang , Bao Xue , Wang Kun , Xue Peng , Gao Yuan , Guo Xuemei , Xue Yanan , Wei Zhonghai , Xu Biao , Kang Lina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Angio-based microvascular resistance (AMR) was proposed as a tool to quantitatively assess coronary microvascular based on single angiographic projection. The aims of this study are to assess the diagnostic accuracy and prognostic significance of AMR in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.
Methods
AMR was measured (Of these, 22 patients measured index of microvascular resistance (IMR)) in 70 STEMI patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). ST-segment resolution (STR) was assessed 2 hours after pPCI simultaneously. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed within 1 day and approximately 1 year after pPCI. STEMI patients underwent pPCI were followed up for 7.3 years and the primary endpoint was the major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCEs).
Results
AMR showed significant correlations with IMR (R = 0.334, P = 0.005). AMR has good predictive power for STR after pPCI (area under the curve: 0.889, sensitivity: 94.59%, specificity: 75.76%) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Low-AMR patients showed markedly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 1 year after pPCI (42(40–49) vs 41(39–44), P = 0.041). High-AMR patients showed higher risk for MACCEs than those with Low-AMR (HR = 3.90, P = 0.02). In multivariate cox regression analysis, AMR was considered an independent predictor of MACCEs (HR: 1.153, P = 0.020).
Conclusions
AMR was a reliable tool for the estimation of microvascular resistance and prognosis in the absence of intracoronary pressure-temperature sensor wire and adenosine based on single angiographic projection.
High-Modulus Homochiral Torsional Oxide Ceramic Artificial Muscles
Authors: Yan Jianhua , wu jiawei , Zhu Chuang , Guo Yongshi , Di Jiangtao , Zhang Xiaohua , Wei Liying , Tian Xuwang , Fu Kun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Artificial muscles are soft actuators used to mimic human muscle movements, but using oxide ceramics to fabricate high-modulus artificial muscles is a challenge since they are prone to fracture during homochiral torsion. Here, we report a strategy of ceramic metallization to solve the problem of low-shear and low-stretchability of ceramics and fabricate homochiral coiled alumina yarn artificial muscles with a solenoid structure. The alumina muscle can carry objects of 0.28 million times its own weight and provide a high actuation stress of 483.5 MPa while maintaining a large tensile stroke of 13.5%. In addition, it shows a contraction power 18 times and an energy density 240 times of human muscles, as well as a high energy conversion efficiency of 7.59% under an electric drive mode, which far exceed most reported polymer and carbon muscles. This work realizes large-scale fabrication of high-modulus ceramic muscles.
A global increase in nearshore tropical cyclone intensification
Authors: Balaguru Karthik , Chang Chuan-Chieh , Leung L. , Foltz Gregory , Hagos Samson , Wehner Michael , Kossin James , Ting Mingfang , Xu Wenwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Tropical Cyclones (TCs) inflict substantial coastal damages, making it pertinent to understand changing storm characteristics in the important nearshore region. While past studies examined several aspects of landfalling TCs, storm intensification nearshore has hitherto not been explored at the global scale. Here, we address this using a suite of observations and numerical model simulations. Over the historical period 1979-2020, observations reveal a global mean TC intensification rate increase of about 3 kt per 24-hr in regions close to the coast. Analysis of the observed large-scale environment shows that stronger decreases in vertical wind shear and larger increases in relative humidity relative to the open oceans are responsible. Further, climate model simulations suggest that nearshore TC intensification will continue to rise under global warming. Decreasing shear near coastlines, driven by amplified warming in the upper troposphere and changes in heating patterns, is the likely pathway for these projected increases in TC intensification nearshore.