bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of selective attention on auditory brainstem response
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Nayak Srikanth , Pitchai Muthu Arivudai Nambi 
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Auditory selective attention can enhance the processing of relevant information and inhibit irrelevant information. The attentional modulation of auditory processing is evidenced through cortical auditory event-related potentials and frequency following response. On the other hand, such attentional effects on brainstem evoked potentials showed mixed results. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of selective attention on Auditory Brainstem Response.

Methods
Sixteen young adults with bilateral normal hearing sensitivity were recruited for the study, and their auditory brainstem responses were recorded using IHS Smart EP version 3.92 for active listening, passive listening with the visual task, and passive listening with visual distracter conditions.

Results
The statistical analysis of the wave-V latency and amplitude obtained from three conditions revealed no effect on the latency; however, peak V amplitude was lower in passive listening with visual distractor condition than in active listening and passive listening with visual task condition. Further attentional modulation was seen only on the contralateral montage and not on the ipsilateral montage.

Conclusion
The current study results demonstrate the attentional modulation at earlier stages of auditory processing as evidenced by the increased amplitude of peak V.
Characterization of factors influencing absorbance measurements in LED-based colorimeters
Authors: Dangkulwanich Manchuta , Thitaparun Porntida , Yimkosol Warangkana , Chalermsongsak Tara 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Homemade colorimeters using simple parts are excellent in undergraduate teaching labs as they allow students to learn instrument components and principles behind absorbance measurements. However, the absorbance values measured from such instruments often differ from those determined by commercial spectrophotometers. This work provides a step-by-step calculation of absorbance, taking into account the properties of each component. Using a Si-photodiode detector and a light-dependent resistor, we show how the absorbance measurements depend on the spectral irradiance of the light source, the absorption spectrum of the sample, and the responsivity of the detectors. The provided calculation can help undergraduate students visualize how these factors contribute to optical measurements. It can serve as an experiment to introduce concepts of instrumentation and analysis of its performance.
Beyond Stevin’s law: the Janssen effect
Authors: Ivchenko Vladimir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We give a detailed derivation of the equation describing the height distribution of the vertical pressure in both cylindrical and conical vessels filled with granular material. It is surprising that for a convergent hopper, the vertical pressure can reach a maximum at some intermediate depth (the enhanced Janssen effect). The consideration of this problem will be useful for undergraduates, who study the statics of heterogeneous media.
Study on low rate of change characteristics of saturation output current of 28 nm UTBB FDSOI at 300 °C high-temperature
Authors: Xu L D , Gao L C , Ni T , Wang J J , Zhao S S , Zhang H Y , Li Y F , Wang R J , Li X J , Yan W W , Li D L , Bu J H , Zeng C B , Li B , Wang Z J , Zhao F Z , Luo J J , Han Z S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Partially-depleted silicon-on-insulator (PDSOI) MOSFETs with full dielectric isolation structure are widely used in the high temperature field of 225 °C, but affected by the threshold voltage and carrier mobility, the saturated output current has a rate of change as high as 24.9% at 25 °C–300 °C, which will reduce the working speed and accuracy of the analog circuit. This paper studies the high temperature output current characteristics of ultra-thin body and buried oxide (UTBB) fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) MOSFETs with the 28 nm low voltage threshold structure. The experimental results show that when the gate voltage of the device is constant, the saturation current change of 28 nm short-channel FDSOI device is 1.93% in the temperature range from 25 °C to 300 °C, which is 12.9 times more stable than that of 0.13 μm PDSOI device, 4.5 times and 8.4 times higher than that of 0.3 μm and 2 μm long-channel FDSOI device. When the gate voltage of the device drifts from the zero-temperature coefficient (ZTC) point by ±10%–±20%, the output current change of the short-channel FDSOI device is still the lowest. It is proved by theory and simulation that the low temperature change rate of the carrier velocity of the short-channel FDSOI device is the main factor affecting the stability of the output current. From the analysis of the saturation current model and the ZTC operating point, reducing the gate operating voltage of the device or increasing the threshold voltage of the device can further improve the stability of the output current at high temperatures. The research in this paper proves that the 28 nm UTBB FDSOI device has good high temperature saturation current stability, which can well meet the output current stability requirements of high temperature analog circuits.
A 2π-periodic anisotropic magnetoresistance in multi-Weyl semimetals
Authors: Zhang J X , Wang C M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A 2π-periodic anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) violating the classical two-fold symmetry is found in the multi-Weyl semimetals. It is induced by the intrinsic magnetization due to the magnetic doping. The monopole charge influences the novel AMR, strongly. For single- and triple-Weyl semimetals, tilt along the x-direction or equivalently along the y-direction is indispensable in the nonzero AMR. However, the AMR with 2π period even exists for the untilted double-Weyl case. The oscillation of the conductivity for the triple one is out-of-phase compared to the other two. We decompose the conductivity into the π and 2π parts. The amplitude of the dominant 2π contribution increases almost linearly with the magnetization for all three cases. Moreover, the strength of the magnetic scattering strongly affects the magnitudes. Our work will contribute to a deeper understanding of the AMR in multi-Weyl semimetals.
RETRACTED: An unsupervised anomaly detection approach for pre-seismic ionospheric total electron content
Authors: Shi Wen , Peng Zhiyu , Huang Yongming , Zhang Guobao , Wang Cunsong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper focuses on the anomaly detection for ionospheric total electron content (TEC) before earthquakes. In this paper, a novel unsupervised approach is proposed. First, interval-based method is employed to granulate the TEC series. Justifiable granularity principle is utilized to construct interval information granules (IGs) for representing TEC series. Second, high-order difference method is introduced to construct rectangle IGs and cube IGs for obtaining the new representation of TEC. Third, corresponding similarity measurement method is designed to calculate the anomaly score of each IG, which is the evaluation criterion for detecting the anomalies. Finally, experimental results using real TEC datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Compared with the existing major approaches, because the proposed approach can capture more morphological details and variation trend of TEC series, it can achieve a higher detection accuracy.
Dimensionality reduction method based on multiple feature-space collaborative discriminative projection for rotor fault diagnosis
Authors: Dong Xiaoxin , Zhao Rongzhen , Yuan Jianhui , Chen Pengfei , He Tianjing , Wei Kongyuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
At present, the trend for complex and intelligent rotating machinery and equipment, which generate a large amount of high-dimensional and nonlinear fault monitoring data that is difficult to handle, is becoming more and more apparent. This makes the traditional dimensionality reduction algorithms based on point-to-point metrics or a small number of graph-embedding structures lose their utility. To solve this problem, a multiple feature-space collaborative discriminative projection (MFSCDP) algorithm for rotor fault data set dimensionality reduction is proposed. The algorithm first improves the projection metric from sample point to feature space into the median metric in order to achieve the effect of weakening the extrapolation error of the algorithm, and based on this, we propose a sample point-to-point guided nearest-neighbor feature space selection method to improve the construction efficiency of the feature space embedding graph. Then, we use Relief F to indirectly construct the reduced dimensional projection matrix with multiple feature space of collaboration. Finally, the proposed MFSCDP algorithm is used for the dimensionality reduction process of a rotor fault data set. The algorithm’s performance was verified using experimental information from rotor failure simulations of two different structural types. The results show that the algorithm can reduce the difficulty of fault classification and improve the accuracy of identification.
Improving distance relay performance for heavily distorted voltage and current by accurate signal reconstruction using extended Kalman filter
Authors: Nair Shivani H , K Devika M , Raj Aswin , Bernard Bensen , V Vinod , P R Sunil Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Distance relay plays a pivotal role in the detection of faults and subsequent isolation in transmission lines. However, severe distortion in the measured voltage and current waveforms (such as due to current transformer (CT) saturation), affects their performance. This paper focuses on a compensation method for signal reconstruction using extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm to improve relay functioning, enhancing the safety of transmission lines. The proposed fault detection scheme was tested extensively by running simulations using PSCAD and MATLAB for different types of faults at various distances and CT burden. The CT model in PSCAD was developed based on the Jiles–Atherton phenomenological theory in order to closely resemble a real-time CT with its saturation effects. The simulation results show that the proposed method is highly efficient in determining the exact fault point with improved zone approaching times even with measured signals having high noise and harmonic content. In cases where the conventional relay fails to detect the fault in the correct zone, the compensated data from the proposed method accurately detects the zone. Hardware experimental tests were carried out to further verify the effectiveness of the scheme in real-time, where the EKF based algorithm was implemented using a DSP-based microcontroller.
10-kHz-rate two-color dual-plane stereo-PIV using an optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Jiang Naibo , Hsu Paul S , Fugger Christopher A , Schmidheiser Sara E , Emerson Benjamin L , Lieuwen Timothy C , Roy Sukesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
10 kHz-rate dual-plane stereoscopic particle-image velocimetry (DSPIV) was applied in a swirling jet flame measurement simultaneously with hydroxyl planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF). A high-speed burst-mode laser system with an optical parametric oscillator were used in double-pulse laser generation of 532 nm for one plane and 607 nm for the second plane. Temporally-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) image sequences, nine-component velocity gradient tensor, and simultaneous OH-PLIF images are presented. Flow vorticities and strain rates are also obtained with the measured velocity gradients. Compared with previous polarization-based dual-plane PIV technique, two-color based DSPIV measurement has distinctive advantages in elimination of signal interference from different PIV plane due to polarization leakage and hence improves measurement accuracy.
Study of the oxidation process of bismuth nanoparticles using NaClO
Authors: Flores Castañeda M , Camacho-López S , Castrejón-Sánchez V H , Morales-Ramos C B , Camacho-López M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) colloids synthesized in deionized water by laser ablation of solids in liquids technique (LASL) were oxidized using NaClO solutions at different concentrations. Oxidized nanomaterials were characterized using several techniques. The crystalline phases of the bismuth compound were determined using Raman microspectroscopy, and the crystallographic structure was identified by x-ray diffraction (XRD). The size and morphology of the obtained nanomaterials were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The chemical states were determined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the optical properties of the colloids were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy. The absorption spectra were analyzed using the Tauc method to determine the band gaps of the obtained nanomaterials. Our results showed morphological changes, starting from small nanoparticles to nanosheets and a mixture of nanosheets with hollow nanoparticles. Two kinds of nanomaterials were found depending on the NaClO solution concentration: Bi2O2CO3 single phase and a mixture of δ-Bi2O3 and Bi2O2CO3. Some samples were tested as photocatalysts and showed good performance in the degradation of methylene blue in solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the oxidation process of bismuth colloidal nanoparticles at room temperature.
Clinical knowledge embedded method based on multi-task learning for thyroid nodule classification with ultrasound images
Authors: Gao Zixiong , Chen Yufan , Sun Pengtao , Liu Hongmei , Lu Yao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Thyroid nodules are common glandular abnormality that need to be diagnosed as benign or malignant to determine further treatments. Clinically, ultrasonography is the main diagnostic method, but it is highly subjective with severe variability. Recently, many deep-learning-based methods have been proposed to alleviate subjectivity and achieve good results yet, these methods often neglect important guidance from clinical knowledge. Our objective is to utilize such guidance for accurate and reliable thyroid nodule classification. Approach. In this study, a multi-task learning model embedded with clinical knowledge of ACR Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System guideline is proposed. The clinical features defined in the guideline have strong correlations with malignancy and they were modeled as tasks alongside the pathological type. Multi-task learning was utilized to exploit the correlations to improve diagnostic performance. To alleviate the impact of noisy labels on clinical features, a loss-weighting strategy was proposed. Five-fold cross-validation was applied to an internal training set of size 4989, and an external test set of size 243 was used for evaluation. Main results. The proposed multi-task learning model achieved an average AUC of 0.901 and an ensemble AUC of 0.917 on the test set, which significantly outperformed the single-task baseline models. Significance. The results indicated that multi-task learning of clinical features can effectively classify thyroid nodules and reveal the possibility of using clinical indicators as auxiliary tasks to improve performance when diagnosing other diseases.
A nonparametric measure of noise in x-ray diagnostic images—mammography
Authors: Anton M , Mäder U , Schopphoven S , Reginatto M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. In x-ray diagnostics, modern image reconstruction or image processing methods may render established methods of image quality assessment inadequate. Task specific quality assessment by using model observers has the disadvantage of being very labour-intensive. Therefore, it appears highly desirable to develop novel image quality parameters that neither rely on the linearity and the shift-invariace of the imaging system nor require the acquisition of hundreds of images as is necessary for the application of model observers, and which can be derived directly from diagnostic images. Approach. A new measure for the noise based on non-maximum-suppression images is defined and its properties are explored using simulated images before it is applied to an exposure series of mammograms of a homogeneous phantom and a 3D-printed breast phantom to demonstrate its usefulness under realistic conditions. Main results. The new noise parameter cannot only be derived from images with a homogeneous background but it can be extracted directly from images containing anatomic structures and is proportional to the standard deviation of the noise. At present, the applicability is restricted to mammography, which satisfies the assumption of short covariance length of the noise. Significance. The new measure of the noise is but a first step of the development of a set of parameters that are required to quantify image quality directly from diagnostic images without relying on the assumption of a linear, shift-invariant system, e.g. by providing measures of sharpness, contrast and structural complexity, in addition to the noise measure. For mammography, a convenient method is now available to quantify noise in processed diagnostic images.
Finite-temperature Thomas–Fermi–Dirac-Weizsäcker model in the warm dense matter regime
Authors: Petrov George M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Thomas–Fermi–Dirac-Weizsäcker model for finite temperature is presented. Starting with the free energy density, consistent expressions for the Helmholtz free energy, total energy, pressure and virial theorem are derived. The exchange and correlation terms are cast in a form that is suitable for derivation of their contributions to energy and pressure. The Euler–Lagrange equation is written in Schrödinger-like form and solved in spherical symmetry in a Wigner–Seitz cell. The challenges associated with its numerical solution are discussed and a viable approach to obtain a non-negative solution is proposed. The model is benchmarked for two materials, Al and Cu, by comparing the pressure at solid density in the temperature range

0.1
<

T

e

<
10

eV

, as well as the cold pressure curves.
A computational study on the energy efficiency of species production by single-pulse streamers in air
Authors: Guo Baohong , Teunissen Jannis 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the energy efficiency of species production by streamer discharges with a single voltage pulse in atmospheric dry air, using a 2D axisymmetric fluid model. Sixty different positive streamers are simulated by varying the electrode geometry, the pulse duration and the applied voltage. Between these cases, the streamer radius and velocity vary by about an order of magnitude, but the variation in the maximal electric field is significantly smaller, about 30%. We find that G-values for the production of N(4S), O(3P), NO and N2O, which have relatively high activation energies, vary by about 30% to 60%. This variation is mainly caused by two factors: differences in the fraction of energy deposited in the streamer head region, and differences in the maximal electric field at the streamer head. When accounting for both factors, our computed G-values are in good agreement with an analytic estimate proposed by Naidis (2012 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
21 042001). We also simulate negative streamers and find that their production of N(4S), O(3P) and NO is less energy efficient. The results suggest that energy efficiency can be increased by reducing Joule heating in the streamer channel and by increasing the maximal electric field at the streamer head, for example by using short voltage pulses with a high applied voltage.
Numerical and experimental investigation of the energy harvesting performance of electromechanically coupled piezoelectric prestressed beams subjected to nonlinear vibrations
Authors: Kardarakos G C , Chrysochoidis N A , Varelis D , Saravanos D A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Τhe piezoelectric energy harvesting from nonlinear vibrating structures has greatly attracted the attention of scientific community over the last decades, as it seems to provide one of the more promising ways for high electromechanical energy conversion. Current study deals with the development of a robust and accurate numerical tool capable of modelling and designing piezoelectric structures undergoing severe nonlinear vibrations. Specifically, a coupled multi-field generalized nonlinear mechanics framework for piezoelectric beams subjected to initial stresses and large rotations, extended to include passive external electric circuits in order to predict the dynamic response of the structure and the power generated at the external resistive load. An experimental setup was also developed providing great correlations with the numerical results in case of a vibrating axially prestressed composite beam under the prebuckling regime. At the end, a computational investigation was performed studying the complex dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric beam, in the postbuckling regime. The model successfully captures the measured energy harvesting response of the beam including additional effects induced by the asymmetric configuration of the piezoelectric film.
Magnetorheological fluids subjected to non-uniform magnetic fields: experimental characterization
Authors: Kubík Michal , Gołdasz Janusz , Macháček Ondřej , Strecker Zbyněk , Sapiński Bogdan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) fluids are suspensions of fine, low-coercivity, high-magnetizable particles in a continuous liquid phase. When subjected to magnetic field, the material exhibits a rapid change in the apparent viscosity of several orders of magnitude. This unique capability has been successfully exploited in automotive semi-active suspensions systems or systems for manufacturing high quality optics. In a majority of the existing systems, the rheology of MR fluids is controlled by an external uniform field oriented perpendicularly to the fluid flow direction. In general, it is an inherent feature of MR systems operating in flow, shear or squeeze modes, respectively. There is an experimental evidence that the behavior of MR fluids in the so-called pinch-mode (in which the fluid is subjected to non-uniform magnetic field distributions) clearly stands out against the remaining three operating modes. With the predecessors, the flow through the channel occurs once a pressure across it exceeds the field-dependent threshold pressure. For comparison, in pinch mode valves the magnetic flux energizes mostly the layers of the materials near the channel walls. The outcome is a change in the channel’s effective diameter achieved solely via material means without changing its geometry. To study the fluid’s unique behaviour in the pinch mode, the authors designed a prototype valve assembly and examined several fluid formulations of various particle concentration levels across a wide range of external (velocity, magnetic field density) stimuli in an organized effort to further comprehend the phenomenon. The obtained data indicate that the magnitude of the particular effect does not only depend on the magnitudes of the magnetic stimuli but also on the particle concentration; the smaller the concentration of particles the more pronounced the pinch mode like behavior is. In general, the authors believe that the study may provide guidelines as to the selection of fluid formulations for developing novel valveless actuators utilizing MR fluids operating in pinch mode.