bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Anamnestic Response of Rabbit Lymph Node Cells: Evidence for Cell Collaboration in Induction and Regulation
Authors: Stavitsky Abram B. , Cook Richard G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro model and a highly specific goat IgG antibody to rabbit thymocytes (ATG) were utilized to determine whether thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes participated in the anamnestic antibody response. The addition of various amounts of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) to lymph node cells, primed in vivo with KLH either 6 days or 2 months previously, induced the early synthesis of DNA and RNA, followed by the synthesis of IgM and/or IgG antibody to KLH. This antibody response was highly antigen concentration-dependent: the addition of 10 or 100 µg of KLH induced much less antibody synthesis than 1 µg. When ATG was present in cultures with KLH, the induction of nucleic acid and antibody syntheses was markedly inhibited. Thus it appears that these antigen-induced syntheses are mediated by T lymphocytes, and that in the rabbit the collaboration of T and bursal-equivalent (B) lymphocytes is required for induction of the anamnestic response to KLH. Kinetic analysis indicated that the KLH-induced events, mediated by T lymphocytes and prerequisite for the antibody response, occurred during the 1st day of culture. Evidence was also obtained that T lymphocytes were involved in the nonspecific regulation (enhancement) by normal goat globulin of the antibody response to KLH. The relation of the mechanisms of specific induction to those of regulation of antibody synthesis and the question of how ATG affects these mechanisms were discussed.
Studies on the Species-Variability of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Guinea Pigs and Rats
Authors: Swanborg Robert H. , Swierkosz James E. , Saieg Robert G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to compare myelin basic protein (BP) isolated from guinea pig and rat central nervous system with respect to physicochemical properties and ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Hartley guinea pigs and Lewis rats. The single BP tryptophan residue was modified with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide (benzyl-BP). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at acid pH or in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) revealed that mobility and molecular size, respectively, were not changed by modifying the tryptophan residue. Guinea pig and rat BP, and each respective benzyl-BP, were highly encephalitogenic in rats, as was the purified small rat basic protein (rat-S). However, the peptide derived from the N-terminal end of the BP molecule by cyanogen bromide cleavage (CB-1) was completely inactive in rats. Guinea pig and rat BP were also highly encephalitogenic in guinea pigs, but the benzyl-BP preparations were relatively inactive. Rat-S and CB-1 were only mildly encephalitogenic. It appears that the determinant which induces EAE in rats is located between BP residues 21 and 115. The guinea pig recognizes at least two disease-inducing sites.
In Vitro Detection of Immune Responses to MTV-Induced Mammary Tumors: Activity of Spleen Cell Preparations from Both MTV-Free and MTV-Infected Mice
Authors: Blair Phyllis B. , Lane Mary Ann , Yagi Mary Jane 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BALB/cfC3H mice, neonatally infected with mammary tumor virus (MTV), can respond immunologically to MTV-associated antigens on tumor cells: spleen cells from both normal adult females and females which have developed MTV-induced mammary tumors significantly inhibit growth and survival of target tumor cells in culture. Essentially the same level of reactivity is observed in normal BALB/cfC3H females between the ages of 8 and 32 weeks. Tumor-donor spleen cells are considerably more active. An unexpected finding was the observation that supposedly MTV-free BALB/c adult females also possess spleen cells specifically reactive against MTV-induced mammary tumor cells. The only mice tested whose spleen cells were not reactive were BALB/c females younger than 14 weeks of age. BALB/c serum blocked activity of BALB/c but not BALB/cfC3H spleen cells, and BALB/cfC3H serum blocked activity of BALB/cfC3H but not BALB/c spleen cells; thus, the two groups of mice are responding to different MTV-associated antigens on the target cells. Tumor-donors respond to both types of antigens, and also to tumor-specific antigens.
Tumor Induction by Immunologically Activated Murine Leukemia Virus: Cellular Immunity Early in the Graft-vs-Host Reaction
Authors: Ruddle Nancy H. , Armstrong Martine Y. K. , Richards Frank F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cellular immunity of (BALB/c × A)F1 mice has been examined early after induction of a graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) by (BALB/c) spleen cells. Previous work has shown that such mice develop murine leukemia virus titers early and lymphomas after a latent period of some months. We wished to determine if an impairment of cellular immune capacity could be associated with these phenomena. When GVHR mice were compared to normals in vivo, skin graft rejection was prolonged slightly across the H2 histocompatibility barrier and somewhat more prolonged across a non-H2 barrier, delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin was slightly reduced, and rejection of two plasmacytoma tumors was more efficient early and normal later in the GVHR. In vitro, lymphocytes from GVHR mice were normal or hyperreactive as indicated by their normal cytotoxicity against cells expressing skin graft antigens and their heightened sensitivity to tuberculin and A9L cells detected as “nonspecific” cytotoxicity. Thus, in the parameters tested there was no evidence of immune suppression at the level of the cell.
The Role of T Lymphocytes in the Primary Humoral Antibody Response to Brucellin
Authors: Tingle Aubrey J. , Shuster Joseph 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relative ability of normal and adult, thymectomized, bone marrow-reconstituted (TxIB) CBA/J mice to produce humoral antibody in response to primary brucellin immunization was assessed over a wide antigen dose range. An analysis was made of the kinetics and immunoglobulin class of the primary humoral antibody response in relation to the immunizing dose of brucellin employed. Antibody responses in T cell deficient (TxIB) mice were characterized by an increase in the threshold dose of brucellin at which antibody production was initially detected, by a prolongation of the latent period before the onset of antibody production, by a delay in the switchover from mercaptoethanol-sensitive (MES) to mercaptoethanol-resistant (MER) antibody production, and by a decrease in the peak titers of MES and MER antibody achieved. At low brucellin dose levels, the MES antibody responses were chiefly depressed; at intermediate dose levels, both the MES and MER antibody responses were depressed; at high brucellin dose levels the MER antibody responses alone were depressed. The nature and degree of suppression of antibody production observed in TxIB mice for a given immunizing dose level of brucellin was equivalent to the suppression obtained through the use of 100- to 1000-fold lower immunizing dose levels of brucellin in normal mice.
The IgM and IgA Immune Response to the TNP Determinant Group in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Mauch Peter , Bridges S. H. , Little K. D. , Little J. Russell 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
These studies document certain features of the splenic IgA plaque-forming cell response and the serum IgA antibody content in BALB/c mice following immunization with TNP-BγG. Differences in the magnitude and temporal sequence of the indirect (IgA) and direct (IgM) plaque-forming cell responses have been documented. Following booster immunization, there was a shorter latent period and higher peak level of cells secreting IgA anti-TNP antibodies suggesting an anamnestic response.
Experimental Autoimmune Renal Cortical Tubulointerstitial Disease in Guinea Pigs Lacking the Fourth Component of Complement (C4)
Authors: Rudofsky Ulrich H. , McMaster Philip R. B. , Ma Wai-Sai , Steblay Raymond W. , Pollara Bernard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
C4d guinea pigs develop experimental autoimmune renal tubulointerstitial disease indistinguishable from the disease observed in guinea pigs with circulating C4. These data demonstrate that an antibody-mediated autoimmune renal disease can occur in the absence of C4. We conclude: 1) complement may, at least in part, play a role in the pathogenesis, 2) complement activation does not occur via the classical sequence in this model, and 3) that activation and tissue injury may be mediated by an alternate complement pathway.
Augmentation of Immunologic Memory in Mice Following Treatment with Oxisuran
Authors: Fox Alfred E. , Freedman Henry H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reduction of the priming dose of sheep erythrocytes to mice resulted in a diminished primary response and augmentation of priming for a subsequent secondary response in comparison to normally primed animals. Administration of oxisuran did not influence the reduced primary response and further increased, while 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) suppressed, priming in low dose-primed animals. Further divergence between oxisuran and 6-MP was expressed in terms of alloantibody production in tail skin allografted mice. Although both agents prolonged allograft survival, in animals given primary grafts oxisuran delayed the appearance of spleen cells forming direct alloantibody, presumably 19S, but did not influence their numbers, while 6-MP was suppressive. Oxisuran-treated grafted mice also demonstrated an earlier than normal appearance of indirect (presumably 7S) alloantibody-forming cells and while peak numbers of such cells were seen at about the same interval after grafting in both treated and untreated animals, oxisuran enhanced, while 6-MP depressed, the number of spleen cells producing 7S alloantibody. These differences were even more apparent in animals given secondary allografts. The results demonstrate that prolonged allograft survival is possible in the presence of either enhanced or depressed alloantibody production. Data from the present study lend further support to the concept that oxisuran modifies T cell function, diverting the response away from cell-mediated hypersensitivity toward immunologic memory.
The Production of Proliferation Inhibitory Factor (PIF) by Mouse Spleen Cells in Vitro
Authors: Badger Alison M. , Cooperband Sidney R. , Merluzzi Vincent J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin stimulate mouse spleen cells to elaborate proliferation inhibitory factor (PIF) into their culture supernatants. As has been previously described for human PIF, murine PIF is cytostatic in the absence of cytotoxicity and is species-specific. Murine spleen cells, incubated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, undergo DNA synthesis but do not appear to make PIF.
The Role of Lipid in the Induction of Hapten-Specific Delayed Hypersensitivity and Contact Sensitivity
Authors: Dailey Morris O. , Hunter Robert L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Guinea pigs immunized with bovine serum albumin conjugated with dinitrophenol (BSA-DNP), in Freund's complete adjuvant, produce antibody to the DNP and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the BSA. We report that immunization with BSA-DNP doubly conjugated with medium chain fatty acids (L-BSA-DNP) stimulates the production of DTH specific for the hapten DNP with minimal antibody to DNP and no detectable immune response to the carrier BSA. The production of hapten-specific DTH reactions was assessed by two methods. First, animals immunized with L-BSA-DNP produced typical contact sensitivity reactions to epidermal challenge with dinitrofluorobenzene. Second, they produced grossly and microscopically typical delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the intradermal injection of DNP conjugated either to BSA or to a non-cross-reacting carrier, hen egg albumin. In further experiments, DNP-specific DTH was produced by animals immunized with BSA-DNP to which lipid groups had been attached by electrostatic rather than covalent bonds. Evidence is discussed which indicates that the production of DTH to haptens and proteins is largely a function of the lipophilic nature of the entire immunogen and is not dependent upon properties of individual antigenic determinants. Autoradiographic studies with 125I-labeled material demonstrated that the lipid-rich antigens are localized in the paracortical area of lymph nodes, in close proximity to the thymus-derived cells which are stimulated in the induction of DTH.
Specificity and Development of Cytotoxic Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes in Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
Authors: Doherty Peter C. , Zinkernagel Rolf M. , Ramshaw Ian A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cytotoxic capacity of immune CBA/H spleen cells for monolayers of L cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus is abrogated by prior incubation with AKR anti-ϑ ascitic fluid and complement, but is unaffected by treatment with anti-mouse-Ig serum and complement. Depletion of splenic macrophages, or addition of normal or activated (from listeria-immune mice) peritoneal macrophages, does not significantly modify the activity of immune spleen cells. Cell-mediated release of 51Cr from LCM-infected targets may thus be attributed to thymus-derived effector lymphocytes (T cells). Such T cells are specific insofar as they do not exhibit cytotoxic activity for monolayers infected with ectromelia virus, which are readily lysed by homologous immune cells. Development of cytotoxic lymphocytes is related to the dose of virus given: injection of high concentrations leads to peak activity on day 5. Maximal cytotoxicity is, however, mediated by spleen cells taken on day 7 from mice immunized with a relatively small dose of virus.
Effect of Acute of Chronic Infection with Lactic Dehydrogenase Virus (LDV) on the Susceptibility of Mice to Plasmacytoma MOPC-315
Authors: Michaelides Maria C. , Schlesinger Sondra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of acute and chronic infection with lactic dehydrogenase virus on the susceptibility of BALB/c mice to the plasmacytoma MOPC-315 has been investigated. The results indicate that the time between infection and tumor challenge is critical in determining how the animals respond to the tumor cells. When the interval was short (1 day) they were more susceptible to tumor formation than were control animals; when 1 to 2 months lapsed between infection and the tumor challenge, they were protected from tumor formation. If the time interval was increased to 5 months no difference between virus-infected and control animals was detected. We propose that the different responses to tumor formation can be attributed to suppression of cell-mediated immunity during acute infection and to its enhancement during the early phase of chronic infection.
The Formation of Stable E Rosettes After Neuraminidase Treatment of Either Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes or of Sheep Red Blood Cells
Authors: Galili Uri , Schlesinger Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) form E rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) which tend to disintegrate upon incubation at 37°C and which can be disrupted easily by shaking. Neuraminidase treatment of either PBL or SRBC was found to increase the proportion of stable rosettes resistant to prolonged incubation at 37°C and to vigorous shaking. The proportion of stable rosettes formed was related to the concentration of neuraminidase used. SRBC had to be exposed to higher concentrations of neuraminidase than PBL for the production of stable rosettes. Incubation of PBL with absorbed rabbit antiserum to human thymus (RAHT) completely prevented the formation of either stable or regular E rosettes. Rabbit antisera to human bone marrow or brain had no such effect. The concentration of RAHT required for the inhibition of rosette formation by neuraminidase-treated SRBC or PBL was higher than that required for the inhibition of rosette formation by untreated cells. It is suggested that neuraminidase does not “unmask” receptor sites on either SRBC or PBL, but rather reduces the electric surface charge of the cells, thereby enabling a more effective interaction between receptors exposed on the membrane of PBL and sites on SRBC.
The Role of Immunoglobulin in the Interaction of Pneumococci and the Properdin Pathway: Evidence for Its Specificity and Lack of Requirement for the Fc Portion of the Molecule
Authors: Winkelstein Jerry A. , Shin Hyun S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In previous studies on the interaction of pneumococci and the heat labile opsonin (HLO) system it was found that C3 was fixed to the surface of the pneumococcus and that this reaction resulted in opsonization of the organism. The activation of C3 was demonstrated to proceed via the properdin pathway and IgG2, isolated from “non-immune” guinea pig serum (GPS), was shown to participate functionally in the C3 activation. The present studies concern the role of IgG2 in the interaction of pneumococci with the properdin pathway.
The functional activity present in the IgG2 globulin fraction of normal GPS is a 7S immunoglobulin. It is completely removed after passage through an immunoabsorbent column of rabbit-anti-GP IgG1 and IgG2 and is concordant with a 7S peak on sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The Fc portion of the IgG2 is not essential for its activity since after pepsin digestion the activity is retained.
The IgG2 possesses some degree of specificity for the pneumococcus since immunospecific GP IgG2-anti-DNP will not function in the interaction of pneumococci and the properdin pathway. However, both pneumococci and Escherichia coli are able to absorb out the functionally active IgG2, indicating that the immunoglobulin binds to some common surface antigen shared by both organisms.
The Abrogation of Macrophage Migration Inhibition by Pretreatment of Immune Exudate Cells with Anti-θ Antibody and Complement
Authors: Clinton Bruce A. , Magoc Terry J. , Aspinall Richard L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The inhibition of murine (A/J) macrophage migration was not observed after the treatment of the immune exudate cell suspension with AKR anti-θ (C3H) antibody. The complement-dependent cytotoxicity of the anti-θ could be absorbed with target A/J thymocytes; the resulting absorbed anti-θ had no effect on macrophage migration inhibition. There was no cytotoxic effect of the anti-θ antibody and complement on IgM and IgG antibody-forming cells as measured by the hemolytic plaque technique.
A Cell Surface Antigenic Determinant Present on Mouse Plasmacytes and Only about Half of Mouse Thymocytes
Authors: Yutoku Masamichi , Grossberg Allan L. , Pressman David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new surface antigenic determinant present on a subpopulation of normal thymus cells of individual mice has been detected with rabbit antiserum obtained by immunization with cells of a mouse IgM-producing plasma cell tumor, MOPC-104E, and purified by in vivo absorption in mice. Cells of MOPC-104E and several other plasma cell tumors as well as a subpopulation of about 50% of normal mouse thymus cells were found to possess this antigen by cytotoxicity test. Although the present antigen is not plasmacyte-specific since it is also detected on thymocytes, it is not present on liver, kidney, or brain cells, as shown by absorption tests. Hence, it is clearly different from another mouse plasma cell antigen, which has been detected by rabbit antisera prepared similarly against the IgA-producing and IgG-producing plasma cell tumors, ADJ-PC-22A and MOPC-21, respectively, and which is common to liver, kidney, and brain.
Migration Inhibition Factor (MIF) and Migration Stimulation Factor (MSF) in Fetal Calf Serum
Authors: Fox Roy A. , Gregory Douglas S. , Feldman Joseph D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Non-heat-inactivated fetal calf serum contains a factor, FCS-MIF, that inhibits in vitro the migration of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. FCS-MIF is partially or completely inactivated by dialysis, repeated freezing and thawing, heating to 56°C for 30 min, and changes of pH beyond the range of 6.0 to 7.7. Chromatography in different gels and with different buffers suggests that several fractions may have MIF activity.
FCS also contains a factor, FCS-MSF, that stimulates the migration of guinea pig macrophages. It is detected after MIF is removed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. A stimulatory factor is also present in supernatants of sensitized guinea pig lymphoid cells stimulated with antigen and is detected when the supernatants are treated in the same fashion as FCS to uncover FCS-MSF.
Periodate-Induced Lymphocyte Transformation
Authors: O'Brien Richard L. , Parker John W. , Paolilli Patricia , Steiner Joan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
If lymphocytes are inactivated with mitomycin C, 60Co irradiation, or ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and treated with sodium periodate (NaIO4), they are capable of inducing transformation of autologous lymphocytes in vitro. The optimal ratio of IO4--treated stimulator cells to untreated autologous lymphocytes is 1:2 or 1:4. Maximum incorporation of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures (A-MLC) occurs after 3 days. As with direct NaIO4 transformation of lymphocytes, the transformation in the A-MLC can be blocked by sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Overoxidation of the cells by NaIO4 also diminishes their ability to induce an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (A-MLR). Incubation of the stimulator cells after treatment with NaIO4 results in a progressively declining ability to induce transformation in the responder cells. We failed to find any evidence of a blastogenic factor released into the medium by the treated cells during periods ranging from 2 hr to 72 hr after NaIO4 treatment. NaIO4 treatment of autologous red blood cells does not render them capable of inducing transformation of autologous lymphocytes.