bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Three Different Extraction Methods on Osmanthus Volatile Oil: Aroma and Biological Activity
Authors: Yi Fengping , Xu Hejie , Lü Chenyuan , Wu Kaiwen , Hao Linyu , Lin Shifan , Su Chang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe osmanthus volatile oil was welcomed by consumers even if the high price since the unique and pleasant odor. Meanwhile, the low yield of osmanthus volatile oil restricts industrial production. In this work, an osmanthus volatile oil was obtained by means of a novel ultrasonic‐assisted flash extraction method and was compared with the oil from hydrodistillation and supercritical fluid extraction on yield, aroma, and biological activities. The volatile oil obtained from the ultrasonic‐assisted flash extraction was obtained with the petroleum ether and got a high yield at 3.51 % within a 40‐min process, an increase of nearly 81 % from the single solvent extraction. This oil also showed a high aroma intensity and aroma compound concentration. Meanwhile, the oil also has the highest antioxidant ability but lower antibacterial activity against oil from hydrodistillation. It was considered that this work was helpful for the optimization of the extraction method of osmanthus volatile oil.
Synthesis of Quercetin‐Acid Esters and Its Reduction of H2O2‐Triggered PC12 Cells Damage by Down‐Regulating ROS
Authors: Li Jian‐Wen , Zhang Wen‐Cheng , Wu Ze‐Yu , Liu Hao , Wang Yun‐Chun , Liu Qing‐Song , Li Sheng‐Nan , Lin Yan‐Ting , Hui Ai‐Ling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuercetin is a kind of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds which has perfect antioxidant properties. However, quercetin is not available in many situations due to its poor bioavailability. In this work, the QAEs with better solubility and even stronger antioxidant properties were synthesized, through the esterification between quercetin and the chlorinated cinnamic acid or its derivatives, whose chlorination were achieved by using SOCl2. The protective effects of the QAEs were evaluated by the H2O2‐induced apoptosis experiment in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and its ability to remove ROS generated by oxidative stress. Compared with the original quercetin group, the QAEs groups showed much improved cell viability and capability of removing ROS, which means their higher bioavailability than the parent.
Jet Cleaning of Filter Cloths Used in Solid‐Liquid Separation: A High‐Speed Video Evaluation
Authors: Werner Roman Alejandro , Takacs Ronny , Morsch Patrick , Geier Dominik Ulrich , Nirschl Hermann , Becker Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCleaning avoids cross‐contamination and sustains production safety and efficiency. While there have been discoveries for technical surfaces, data on activities for filter cloth are still in the early stages. In the food industry, there is a lack of knowledge and innovative ideas on how to clean cloths efficiently. This study combined high‐speed recordings with cleaning experiments. Cleaning of eleven filters was captured, enabling time‐resolved analysis of the cleaning degree, the cleaning homogeneity, and insights into the mechanisms. The findings divide cloth cleaning into three phases, each significantly influenced by the properties of the cloth. Exemplarily, close‐mesh cloths have smoother surfaces that facilitate cleaning. Coarse structures with flow channels on the cloth surface can complicate cleaning.
Performance enhancement of latent heat storage unit by the multiple chambers
Authors: Kumar Jayesh , Singh Pushpendra , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of phase change material (PCM) is one of the essential variables for the fast heat transfer process for latent heat energy storage (LHES) units. The thermal characteristics of a novel LHES rectangular enclosure based on multiple chambers separated by insulating and rigid walls are numerically investigated. The enthalpy‐porosity strategy supported by the finite volume method is implemented to perform the simulation. Simulation results exhibited that thermal charging and discharging performance was enhanced without affecting the system's total heat storage capacity by creating multiple chambers. Liquid fraction, mean temperature, heat flux, contours of liquid fraction and temperature of PCM are demonstrated as a function of the melting time. The thermal charging time of PCM is diminished by increasing the number of chambers. Although, the consequences of the number of chambers on the melting time of PCM are diminished by surging the number of chambers. It was also found that continuously raising the heating temperature is not beneficial for reducing the total time of liquid fraction during melting. Thermal discharging performance is poor than that of the thermal charging process.
Hierarchical multi‐beam training with the presence of the sub‐connected hybrid beamforming architecture
Authors: Li Xinyang , Yang Songjie , Lyu Wanting , Zhang Zhongpei , Ling Xiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMillimeter‐wave techniques have been developed significantly due to their benefits of higher data rate compared with the lower band and more extensive coverage compared to the higher frequency. However, because of the equipment of a large‐scale antenna array, further low‐complexity channel estimation and precoding algorithms in the hybrid beamforming structured wireless system must be researched for real‐world implementation. This study serves that aim, particularly on multi‐beam training, with the output of this work can be regarded as baseband equivalent channel estimation. First, we present a novel ternary‐tree‐based fully‐activated hierarchical codebook based on the sub‐array division technique. The proposed hierarchical codebook surpasses its conventional binary‐tree‐based counterpart designed by using antenna deactivation in charge of the training overhead and synthesis performance of the hierarchical search. Following that, inspired by multi‐beam linear search, we develop two hierarchical linear search methods according to our proposed hierarchical codebook. Finally, simulation results show that they outperform linear search schemes regarding training complexity and the effective achievable rate.
Switchgrass sward establishment selection is consistent across multiple environments and fertilization levels
Authors: Tilhou Neal W. , Casler Michael D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundStrong selection can occur during switchgrass sward establishment. Differences in establishment selection due to environment or management could provide information on genotype‐by‐environment variation and could influence strategies for breeding perennial grasses.MethodsLeaf samples were collected before sward establishment and from 3‐year‐old swards for two breeding groups (lowland and hybrid) at three locations. Within two locations, samples were collected from paired fertilized (112 kg N ha−1) and unfertilized plots. Allele frequencies from pooled DNA samples were studied through multivariate analysis of variance, genomewide trait predictions (heading date and winter survivorship), and genomically estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for individual sward survival within an independent data set.ResultsThis study found only minor variations in selection due to location or management. Predicted heading dates of the hybrid population had significant changes due to fertilization and location. There were strong correlations among sward establishment survival GEBVs between growing environments (hybrid r = 0.77; gulf r = 0.97). Interestingly, this study found a small number of genotypes that were over‐represented in established swards across all growing environments.ConclusionsThis study reinforces a prior report of selection during sward establishment and indicates that only a small degree of establishment selection is location‐specific within these diverse growing conditions.
Progesterone receptor membrane component 2 regulates the neuronal activity and participates in epileptic seizures in experimental mice
Authors: Yang Xiaoyan , Lv Wenbo , Yang Yong , Yang Juan , Zhang Haiqing , Xu Zucai 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt was found the expression of progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2) in the histone of epileptic mice was lower than that of normal mice. In this study, we found by the immunofluorescence technique, PGRMC2 was expressed in both astrocytes and neurons of the mouse hippocampus. In addition, the seizure latency and seizure grade of mice in each group were observed after stereotactic injection of the PGRMC2 knockdown virus, PGRMC2 overexpression lentivirus, and related null virus into the hippocampus of mice. It was found that the seizure latency of mice in the PTZ + siPGRMC2 group was prolonged compared with the null virus group. The seizure latency was shortened in the PTZ + PGRMC2 group. The number of grade IV and above seizures in the PTZ + siPGRMC2 group was significantly reduced, while the number of grade IV and above seizures in the PTZ + PGRMC2 group was significantly increased. It was found that the nerve cells in the PTZ + siPGRMC2 group were still intact. In the PTZ + PGRMC2 group, the neural cells were damaged, the intercellular space was widened, and the number of cells was reduced. These findings support that PGRMC2 may be involved in epileptic seizures.
Use of artificial intelligence models for the reduction of nanoparticle size in the synthesis of ZnO
Authors: Martínez‐Vargas Blanca L , González Rodríguez Luis M , Pacheco‐Álvarez Martín , Peralta‐Hernández Juan M , Picos Alain 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study evaluates the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for predicting the best experimental conditions to reduce particle size during the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Firstly, an artificial neural networks (ANN) was trained using 52 experimental data from the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. The selected input variables were temperature, experimental time, and NaOH concentration, and the output variable was nanoparticle size. The performance of the ANN was measured with the root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error, and the obtained values for the selected ANN were 0.67% and 9.87%, respectively. These values were calculated by using real and predicted values.RESULTSA genetic algorithm (GA) model was coupled with the ANN to find the best operational conditions for the reduced size of ZnO nanoparticles. According to the AI model, a temperature of 59 °C, an experimental time of 56 min, and a concentration of NaOH of 0.08 should be tested to obtain ZnO nanoparticles with 5.67 nm of diameter. After applying the conditions predicted by the model, ZnO nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 5.3 ± 0.4 nm were obtained. The results were confirmed by using several characterization methods, such as approximation of effective masses (5.3 nm), equation Debye–Scherrer (5.2 nm), and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM) selected micrograph (5.5 nm). The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated using the synthetic dye thymol blue. The best discoloration efficiency was reached by the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles at 74%, while the commercial ZnO only achieved 58%.CONCLUSIONAccording to the ANN‐GA model, it was possible to predict the experimental conditions needed to obtain ZnO nanoparticles with reduced sizes and excellent photocatalytic activity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Diverging snowfall trends across months and elevation in the northeastern Italian Alps
Authors: Bertoldi Giacomo , Bozzoli Michele , Crespi Alice , Matiu Michael , Giovannini Lorenzo , Zardi Dino , Majone Bruno 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSnowfall and snow accumulation play a crucial role in shaping ecosystems and human activities in the Alpine region. This resource is under threat as a consequence of the visible effects of global warming, and, therefore, it appears urgent to understand how snowfall trends have changed in time and space. In this context, we recovered data from over a hundred snowfall (HN) time series covering the period 1980–2020 over the mountain region of Trentino‐South Tyrol in the northeastern Italian Alps and analysed them to understand snowfall climatology in the region, recent trends and their dependence on elevation and timing of the season. Negative, although not always statistically significant, trends were found in the lowest elevation range (0–1,000 m a.s.l.) over the whole winter season, while some positive and even significant trends were found from January to March above 2,000 m a.s.l. The intermediate elevation range (1,000–2,000 m a.s.l.) exhibits a strong variability with no clear trend. Negative and statistically significant trends were found in April for all elevations. An attribution analysis was performed using precipitation (P), mean air temperature (TMEAN), and large‐scale synoptic descriptors, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) indices. The analysis shows that, overall, P is the driver that best explains the snowfall trends, but, for low elevations, especially during mid‐winter, TMEAN is more relevant. Low elevations are facing a clear decrease in HN due to a significant increase in mean temperatures, while high elevations during mid‐winter display a slight increase in HN, associated with a general increase in precipitation. NAO and AO indices exhibit no significant correlations with HN, except at the lowest elevations and at the beginning of the season.
SeroTracker‐RoB: A decision rule‐based algorithm for reproducible risk of bias assessment of seroprevalence studies
Authors: Bobrovitz Niklas , Noël Kim , Li Zihan , Cao Christian , Deveaux Gabriel , Selemon Anabel , Clifton David A. , Yanes‐Lane Mercedes , Yan Tingting , Arora Rahul K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRisk of bias (RoB) assessments are a core element of evidence synthesis but can be time consuming and subjective. We aimed to develop a decision rule‐based algorithm for RoB assessment of seroprevalence studies. We developed the SeroTracker‐RoB algorithm. The algorithm derives seven objective and two subjective critical appraisal items from the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Prevalence studies and implements decision rules that determine study risk of bias based on the items. Decision rules were validated using the SeroTracker seroprevalence study database, which included non‐algorithmic RoB judgments from two reviewers. We quantified efficiency as the mean difference in time for the algorithmic and non‐algorithmic assessments of 80 randomly selected articles, coverage as the proportion of studies where the decision rules yielded an assessment, and reliability using intraclass correlations comparing algorithmic and non‐algorithmic assessments for 2070 articles. A set of decision rules with 61 branches was developed using responses to the nine critical appraisal items. The algorithmic approach was faster than non‐algorithmic assessment (mean reduction 2.32 min [SD 1.09] per article), classified 100% (n = 2070) of studies, and had good reliability compared to non‐algorithmic assessment (ICC 0.77, 95% CI 0.74–0.80). We built the SeroTracker‐RoB Excel Tool, which embeds this algorithm for use by other researchers. The SeroTracker‐RoB decision‐rule based algorithm was faster than non‐algorithmic assessment with complete coverage and good reliability. This algorithm enabled rapid, transparent, and reproducible RoB evaluations of seroprevalence studies and may support evidence synthesis efforts during future disease outbreaks. This decision rule‐based approach could be applied to other types of prevalence studies.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Non‐Enhancing Renal Masses on CEUS
Authors: Barr Richard G. , Cestone Angelo , Peterson Cynthia , De Silvestri Annalisa 
Published: January 2023

PurposeTo determine the natural history and necessity of long‐term follow‐up of renal masses that do not demonstrate enhancement on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).MethodsThis retrospective single‐center study was approved by our local IRB and is HIPAA compliant. Exactly 405 patients with 620 non‐enhancing renal masses on CEUS from a previously reported study were followed for up to 10 years. Techniques and equipment are described in the original manuscript. Patient charts and imaging studies were reviewed for the change in features. There were 117 (18.6%) patients lost to follow‐up leading to 341 patients with 512 lesions. The lesion size, patient age, number of lesions per patient, and Bosniak class assigned at the initial examination was recorded.ResultsMean patient age was 66 ± 12.6 years (range 17–95 years). Average time of follow‐up was 58.9 ± 41.7 months (range 1–207 months). There was a mean of 1.5 ± 1.0 lesions per patient (range 1–7 lesions). Lesion size was 24.9 ± 18.2 mm (range 3–161 mm). There were 276 (53.9%) patients with >5‐year follow‐up and 78 (15.2%) patients with >10‐year follow‐up. The probability of change within 5 years was 0% (95% CI: 0–0.37 per 100PY) and 10 years 0% (95% CI: 0.0–0.18 per 100PY). Two lesions (0.4%) resolved by 60 months. Five lesions (1.0%) decreased in size. Four lesions (0.8%) increased in size >20% during the follow‐up period but remained benign on subsequent imaging.ConclusionAny non‐enhancing renal mass on CEUS can be classified as benign.
Double‐anticorrosion ability of in‐situ superhydrophobic MgAl‐LDH coating with excellent stability of the corrosion resistance on magnesium alloy AZ31
Authors: Han Xing , Wang Yongqin , Hu Jia , Xiao Tianbing , Li Jianjun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe reported the realization of superhydrophobic layered double hydroxide (LDH) coating with the double‐anticorrosion mechanism on magnesium alloys. This coating was prepared via in‐situ growth of LDHs on the etched AZ31 alloy and the modification was caused by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H‐perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane. The water contact angle on the coating was as large as 161°, possessing the two‐scale rough structure consisting of microislands and LDH crystal nanosheets. The excellent corrosion resistance properties of the superhydrophobic LDH coating can be attributed to the double‐anticorrosion mechanism associated with LDH coating and superhydrophobic structure. In addition to the active protection of LDH coating, the passive protection of superhydrophobic coating can suppress the occurrence of ion‐exchange reactions, leading to excellent corrosion resistance stability.
Ecosystem Microbiome Science
Authors: Zhu Yong‐Guan , Zhu Dong , Rillig Matthias C. , Yang Yunfeng , Chu Haiyan , Chen Qing‐Lin , Penuelas Josep , Cui Hui‐Ling , Gillings Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe microbiome contributes to multiple ecosystem functions and services through its interactions with a complex environment and other organisms. To date, however, most microbiome studies have been carried out on individual hosts or particular environmental compartments. This greatly limits a comprehensive understanding of the processes and functions performed by the microbiome and its dynamics at an ecosystem level. We propose that the theory and tools of ecosystem ecology be used to investigate the connectivity of microorganisms and their interactions with the biotic and abiotic environment within entire ecosystems and to examine their contributions to ecosystem services. Impacts of natural and anthropogenic stressors on ecosystems will likely cause cascading effects on the microbiome and lead to unpredictable outcomes, such as outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases or changes in mutualistic interactions. Despite enormous advances in microbial ecology, we are yet to study microbiomes of ecosystems as a whole. Doing so would establish a new framework for microbiome study: Ecosystem Microbiome Science. The advent and application of molecular and genomic technologies, together with data science and modeling, will accelerate progress in this field.
Vinblastine pharmacokinetics in mouse, dog, and human in the context of a physiologically based model incorporating tissue‐specific drug binding, transport, and metabolism
Authors: Witta Sandra , Collins Keagan P. , Ramirez Dominique A. , Mannheimer Joshua D. , Wittenburg Luke A. , Gustafson Daniel L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVinblastine (VBL) is a vinca alkaloid‐class cytotoxic chemotherapeutic that causes microtubule disruption and is typically used to treat hematologic malignancies. VBL is characterized by a narrow therapeutic index, with key dose‐limiting toxicities being myelosuppression and neurotoxicity. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of VBL is primarily driven by ABCB1‐mediated efflux and CYP3A4 metabolism, creating potential for drug–drug interaction. To characterize sources of variability in VBL PK, we developed a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in Mdr1a/b(−/−) knockout and wild‐type mice by incorporating key drivers of PK, including ABCB1 efflux, CYP3A4 metabolism, and tissue‐specific tubulin binding, and scaled this model to accurately simulate VBL PK in humans and pet dogs. To investigate the capability of the model to capture interindividual variability in clinical data, virtual populations of humans and pet dogs were generated through Monte Carlo simulation of physiologic and biochemical parameters and compared to the clinical PK data. This model provides a foundation for predictive modeling of VBL PK. The base PBPK model can be further improved with supplemental experimental data identifying drug–drug interactions, ABCB1 polymorphisms and expression, and other sources of physiologic or metabolic variability.
COVID‐19 vaccine wastage: A challenge to achieving herd immunity in Nigeria
Authors: Musa Shuaibu Saidu , Ibrahim Adamu Muhammad , Hamid Muhammad Rahima , Obia Hope Jonah , Buwa Garba Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic has overburdened many health‐care systems in the world, particularly in Nigeria and other African countries with fragile public health system. Since the emergence of the pandemic, Nigeria has been struggling to restore the impact on its health‐care system as the country keeps recording a growing number of cases and deaths. Vaccination has been the most efficient strategy towards curbing the COVID‐19 pandemic, particularly in countries like Nigeria where preventive measures were poorly strategised or implemented. The country was able to secure some doses of the COVID‐19 vaccine through donations, but concerns have been raised as up to 1 million doses of the vaccine were wasted due to delays in importations and poor cold chain management system. This wastage can pose a challenge to achieving COVID‐19 herd immunity in Nigeria. The causative factors of the vaccine wastage in Nigeria must therefore be tackled in order to effectively curb the COVID‐19 outbreak and consequently achieve herd immunity through massive vaccination. The government in collaboration with World Health Organisation and Africa Centre for Disease Control should facilitate and fast track the safe delivery of the vaccines to Nigeria. Misconceptions about COVID‐19 and its vaccine should be tackled to encourage the vaccine acceptance. The challenges faced by the vaccine supply chain system should be properly addressed by providing adequate funding and security, improved power supply, good vaccine infrastructure and improved vaccine data management in order to facilitate the safe and timely distribution of adequate vaccines across the country.