bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘प्रिय मौनता’ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा प्रतीकको उपयोग
Authors: राजेन्द्र खनाल  
Published: August 2023

‘प्रिय मौनता’ कविता सङ्ग्रहमा उपयोग गरिएका प्रतीक पहिचान गरी तिनको विश्लेषण गर्नु यस लेखको प्रमुख उद्देश्य हो । वर्णनात्मक विधिमा आधारित यस लेखमा पुस्तकालीय अध्ययन प्रक्रियाबाट तथ्य सङ्कलन गरी तिनको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा प्रतीकविधानको सैद्धान्तिक स्वरूप उल्लेख गरिएको छ । उक्त सिद्धान्तमा आधारित भई प्राणीजन्य प्रतीक, वस्तुजन्य प्रतीक तथा परिवेशजन्य प्रतीक पहिचान गरी विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । विश्लेष्य कवितासङ्ग्रह समाविष्ट कविताहरूमा भावनात्मक प्रकटन मात्र नभई ज्ञान र अनुभवको मिश्रण पनि पाइन्छ । सङ्गृहीत कविताहरूमध्ये अधिकांश कवितामा नारीवादी विचार सघन देखिन्छ भने लैङ्गिक समभाव एवम् सन्तुलनको अपेक्षा पनि गरिएको छ । सङ्ग्रहका केही कवितामा सांस्कृतिक सचेतना प्रकट भएको छ भने कतिपय कवितामा समसामयिक नेपाली समाजका विकृति एवम् विसङ्गतितर्पm व्यङ्ग्य पनि गरिएको छ । कविद्वारा वर्गीय, लैङ्गिक तथा मानवतावादी विचारलाई प्रभावमय बनाउनका निम्तिसान्दर्भिक प्रतीकको उपयोग गरिएको छ । कविता सङ्ग्रहमा प्रायः प्रतीक पदावलीकै रूपमा उपयोग गरिएको छ । विभिन्न कवितामा एउटै प्रतीक पनि दुई वा सोभन्दा बढी स्थानमा प्रयुक्त छन् । कवितामा वस्तुजन्य प्रतीकको आधिक्य पाइन्छ । कविताको शीर्षक र विषयवस्तुअनुसारका प्रतीक प्रयोगले प्रस्तुति अर्थपूर्ण र प्रभावकारी बनेको देखिन्छ । कवितामा प्रतीकका कारण कविले व्यक्त गर्न चाहेको भाव तथा विचार शिष्ट र आलङ्कारिक शैलीमा सघन किसिमले प्रकट भएको देखिन्छ । सघन भाव र विचार प्रस्तुतिका लागि प्रतीकको समीचीन प्रयोगमा कवि सचेत र सक्षम देखिन्छन् ।
Bilateral visual disturbances caused by a glomus vagale: illustrative case
Authors: Jimenez Hakim Enrique , Garcia Rairan Luis , Guzman Julian , Araque Yessid 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
A glomus vagale tumor is an infrequent paraganglioma primarily characterized by auditory symptoms, cranial nerve involvement, or autonomic symptoms. However, visual involvement is not commonly observed, and to date, no cases have been reported in the literature.

OBSERVATIONS
The case involves a 62-year-old female patient with a history of right carotid body tumor resection. She presented to the emergency department with a sudden decrease in visual acuity and bitemporal hemianopsia, accompanied by a left parietal headache. Initial brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a pituitary macroadenoma, which was completely resected. However, postoperatively, the patient developed left amaurosis. Subsequent brain MRI showed the presence of hemostatic material mixed with blood in the sellar region, causing displacement of the optic chiasm. A repeat intervention was performed, identifying bleeding from both cavernous sinuses. Head and neck angiography demonstrated a right glomus vagale tumor with abundant blood drainage into the right cavernous sinus. Embolization of the glomus vagale tumor was performed, resulting in no further bleeding and improvement of symptoms.

LESSONS
The aim of this case report is to describe a rare occurrence of bilateral visual disturbances caused by bleeding in both cavernous sinuses due to venous hypertension caused by a right glomus vagale tumor.
Bilateral L5 pedicle fracture with L5–S1 spondylolisthesis after single-level L4–5 posterior lumbar interbody fusion: illustrative case
Authors: Kitaori Toshiyuki , Ota Masato , Tamura Jiro 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND
Single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a commonly performed surgical procedure for L4–5 isthmic spondylolisthesis. Postoperative L5 pedicle fracture with rapidly progressive spondylolisthesis at L5–S1 segment after L4–5 PLIF/TLIF is quite rare, and the etiology remains unclear. This report describes this rare complication and proposes a possible etiology focusing on the lumbosacral sagittal imbalance characterized by an anteriorly shifted lumbar loading axis.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report a case complicated by L5 bilateral pedicle fractures and rapidly progressive spondylolisthesis at the L5–S1 segment very early after a single-level PLIF for L4–5 isthmic spondylolisthesis. Meyerding grade III anterolisthesis was observed at L5–S1 segment by 3 months after the initial surgery. Additional surgery was performed, and the fixation was extended to L4–ilium. Fracture healing was observed at 6 months postoperatively.

LESSONS
This complication may have been caused by abnormal local shear forces on the posterior neural arch of L5 vertebra and L5–S1 intervertebral disc, which were triggered by the fusion surgery for L4 shear-type spondylolisthesis. L4 sagittal vertical axis is considered a reasonable parameter representing lumbosacral sagittal imbalance with an anteriorly shifted loading axis and may be a candidate for the predictive parameters of this rare complication.
Criminal law sanctions for misappropriation, embezzlement or seizure of property through abuse of office
Authors: Cherkashyn I. I. , Filei Yu. V. 
Published: August 2023

The concept of criminal law sanctions has been analysed, the classification of criminal law sanctions for misappropriation, embezzlement or seizure of property through abuse of office has been studied, and the peculiarities of building criminal law sanctions for crimes under Article 191 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine have been revealed. It has been concluded that a sanction is a mandatory component of an article (or part of an article) of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine which contains a model of the type and scope of punishment which is adequate to the social danger of a criminal act. The sanction reveals the legal aspect of criminal punishment, indicating its type and scope, while acting as a model of criminal punishment provided for the crime.
One of the most important and necessary prerequisites for the court to determine the lawful and, therefore, appropriate punishment is strict compliance with the requirements of Article 65 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine on imposing punishment within the limits established in the sanction of the article of the Special Part providing for liability for the crime. Taking this requirement into account implies that in each particular case the court should be guided by the types and amounts of punishment provided for by the relevant sanction of the criminal law, as well as by the provisions of the General Part. This means that the sanction must be mandatory.
The law should, of course, give judges a choice so that the sentence can be appropriate to the gravity of the offence and the person involved. However, this should not go beyond the limits of social justification and undermine the general deterrent function of criminal sanctions. Therefore, a judge must clearly know the rules by which he or she can assess the significance of a particular circumstance in order to determine the amount of punishment. This is the approach used in the draft CC of Ukraine.
Centralized and local legal regulation of labor relations: problems of correlation and development
Authors: Venediktov V. S. , Melnyk K. Yu. 
Published: August 2023

The current state of centralized and local legal regulation of labor relations in Ukraine has been studied and its shortcomings have been identified. The points of view of scientists regarding the essence of centralized and local legal regulation of labor relations have been analyzed.
It has been indicated that Ukraine, positioning itself as a social, legal state and a future member of the European Union, should centrally establish social standards in the field of labor that correspond to those adopted in the European Union, while not reducing the existing level of existing social guarantees, as well as ensure them proper implementation and protection. Centralized legal regulation of labor relations in Ukraine should be based on a modern codified normative legal act, which will ensure a full-fledged comprehensive regulation of labor relations, implementation and protection of the rights of employees, compliance with the interests of employers, and also contribute to the development of local rulemaking.
It has been justified that the focus on the protection of the employee's rights should continue to be the conceptual line of the centralized legal regulation of labor relations. The idea of balancing the interests of the employee and the employer is acceptable under certain conditions at the local level when concluding collective agreements, where it takes the form of a compromise. Here, balancing the interests of employees and employers can exist to the extent permitted by labor law.
Attention has been drawn to the fact that modernity requires ensuring the development of collective contractual regulation of labor relations. The collective agreement, as the main local regulatory act in the field of labor, should comprehensively regulate labor relations within a specific enterprise, institution, organization or individual who uses hired labor. The conclusion of a collective agreement involves the search for a compromise between the employees and the employer in the process of establishing working and rest conditions. The collective agreement must provide for the mechanisms for fulfilling the established obligations and take into account the financial capabilities of the employer, which will make it a real and effective means of legal regulation of labor relations.
It has been proposed to supplement Art. 11 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in Martial Law” part 2 with the following content: “During the period of martial law, it is not allowed to suspend the provisions of the collective agreement regarding wages, labor protection, medical care, ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men , measures aimed at preventing, countering and stopping mobbing (harassment), prohibition of discrimination”.
Modern features of the cryptocurrency use for terrorist financing, money laundering and other unlawful activities: prospective countermeasures
Authors: Melnyk D. S. 
Published: August 2023

The author provides an assessment of the current threats and risks associated with the use of cryptocurrencies for illegal purposes, taking into account the conclusions of international institutions. The modern methods (mechanisms) of using cryptocurrencies as a means of payment in the drug trade, for legalisation of proceeds of crime, financing of terrorist, intelligence and subversive, separatist and other illegal activities in Ukraine, including under martial law, are highlighted. The purpose of the article is to clarify the peculiarities of the cryptocurrency use in illegal activities in the current conditions in order to develop proposals for improving the counteraction to the illegal use of cryptocurrencies. The novelty of the study is that it analyses the peculiarities of such use of cryptocurrencies in the context of Russia’s full-scale military aggression against Ukraine, which remain poorly understood by scholars.
Given the peculiarities of illegal use of cryptocurrencies in Ukraine, the author identifies the need to improve the work of authorized state bodies to counteract their use for illegal purposes, which is especially relevant in the context of incomplete legal definition of their status, imperfect state policy in the field of regulation of cryptocurrency circulation and martial law. Promising measures to counteract the use of cryptocurrencies in illegal activities are outlined, and ways to improve them are suggested. The author identifies the need to complete the process of legislative definition of the status and regulation of cryptocurrency circulation; to improve the national system of countermeasures, to establish coordination of the work of authorised state bodies; to ensure the implementation of international standards; to establish public-private partnership and cooperation between competent entities of Ukraine and foreign countries.
The structure of the forensic characteristics of offences under Article 200 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine
Authors: Barash L. Ye. 
Published: August 2023

The article is devoted to determining the structure of the forensic characteristics of crimes under Article 200 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine “Illegal actions with the documents for transfer, payment cards and other means of access to bank accounts, electronic money, equipment for their production”. The theoretical foundations of developing forensic characteristics of a particular type of crime have been analysed and the grounds for forming its structure have been highlighted. These grounds include criminal law elements of a crime, a list of circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings, and elements of the mechanism of committing illegal actions with payment instruments. Significant elements for the forensic methodology of the criminal law characteristics of the crime under investigation are its subject matter, method of commission and subjective features. Among the elements of the subject matter of proof, the most important are also the object, method and identity of the offender, as well as the time, place and other circumstances of the crime.
In turn, the mechanism of illegal actions with payment instruments determines the need to study these elements in their broadest sense, i.e., taking into account all stages of criminal activity (preparation, direct commission and concealment), means and conditions of its implementation. Based on the analysis of the above theoretical foundations for the formation of a forensic characteristic of this type of crime, the author identifies the following elements which should be included in its structure: the subject matter of the crime; the method of the crime and its links with other criminal offences; typical traces (trace pattern); the setting (conditions) of the crime; and the identity of the perpetrator. This structure is the most optimal one, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of the typical features of the crime mechanism and building its qualitative information model as the basis for further development of the relevant separate forensic methodology.
Problems of interaction in the investigation of corruption crimes in the field of official activity and professional activity related to the provision of public services
Authors: Doroshenko Yu. K. 
Published: August 2023

Modern realities and the state of the criminogenic situation in the country require fundamentally new approaches to the interaction of law enforcement agencies. Today, the interaction of the investigator with other bodies and units is more and more actively carried out at all possible levels, departmental, interdepartmental, international. Interaction in the detection and investigation of criminal offences is a rather complex and comprehensive form that involves a number of interrelated procedural and operational search actions and measures aimed at maximising the achievement of the goals of the criminal process. Cooperation in the investigation of crimes, in particular in the field of official activity, is one of the methods of combating crime, which consists in the coordination and combination in order and on the basis of the law, the efforts of several persons, divisions, bodies, etc. in order to ensure the optimization of the pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses. The specified activity is objectively necessary and often begins from the moment of checking the received information about the commission of a crime. This activity by its nature is very complex, which finds its expression in its phasing. Among the latter, we suggest making a decision about the necessity and expediency of interaction, choosing the form and methods of interaction, procedural consolidation of the decision, direct interaction, and registration of the results of the indicated cooperation. However, the structural clarity of the interaction does not relieve it of the difficulties faced by its participants. This situation is mainly due to the lack of clear regulation of issues related to the organisation and implementation of cooperation in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. In connection with this, it would be expedient to supplement the specified legal act with a separate section, which would define the concepts, principles, types, forms, methods and procedure of interaction during criminal proceedings.
Having analysed the legal acts, the author concludes that there is no clear regulation of such interaction.
Detention of a person committed a criminal offence: criminal procedural and forensic characteristics
Authors: Drozd V. G. 
Published: August 2023

The features of detention of a person who has committed a criminal offence are analysed. The main features of the legal nature of the relevant institution in the system of pre-trial investigation of criminal offences are presented, and also the idea of the main range of problematic issues arising in the course of implementation of the relevant provisions of law is summarised. The author provides arguments on the procedural grounds for applying detention of a person committed a criminal offence, and also outlines the main forensic (general and special) features of its implementation.
Detention of a person who has committed a criminal offence is a temporary measure of restraint applied on the grounds and in accordance with the procedure established by the CPC of Ukraine by an authorised official (police officers, military personnel and other persons authorised by relevant laws to carry out detention) in respect of a person committed a criminal offence (i.e. an act for which the main penalty is a fine of not more than three thousand tax-free minimum incomes or other punishment not involving imprisonment). The detention of a person who has committed a criminal offence should be distinguished from administrative detention, as they differ in the grounds, terms and procedure. The practice of using administrative detention for the purposes of criminal proceedings is unacceptable, as the European Court of Human Rights has repeatedly pointed out.
Prospect for the further research is the need to analyse the measures of restraint used during the pre-trial investigation of criminal offences, as well as to clarify the existential content and essence of the relevant institution, and its importance for the criminal justice system in general.
The significance of computer technologies in detecting plagiarism in scientific works
Authors: Pikhurets O. V. 
Published: August 2023

The article analyses problematic issues regarding the importance of using computer technologies in detecting plagiarism in scientific works. It was determined that the problem of plagiarism in science is not only a matter of legislation, but a manifestation of disdain for scientific ethics and moral standards by the scientists themselves. The issue of academic plagiarism must be solved comprehensively and with joint efforts, by applying effective mechanisms to prevent plagiarism.
There is no single, complete, comprehensive and generally accepted definition of the category of plagiarism. The essence of plagiarism is the assignment of authorship to someone else’s original (literary, artistic, scientific) work or its part.
The development of information technologies creates conditions for detecting illegal borrowing. Special computer programmes and online services check works for originality much faster. The essence and nature of computer technologies, their importance in detecting plagiarism in scientific works are studied. Positive and negative points in the application of computer anti-plagiarism technologies were identified, and an appropriate assessment was given to them.
It is substantiated that plagiarism has a certain personification and specificity in various spheres and branches of human activity. The anti-plagiarism system almost does not take into account official parts of scientific works (cover letter, introduction, references to normative legal acts, conclusions, list of used sources) and evaluates them as plagiarism. The algorithm of the anti-plagiarism service must take into account constant stylistic turns and peculiarities of certain branches of science and technology. We believe that the results of new interpretations of scientific work should not be completely new. It is noted that checking with online services does not always reveal translations of texts or borrowings from editions not published online.
Accordingly, the results of information processing with the help of specialized anti-plagiarism programmes and services cannot independently be circumstances that allow making reasonable conclusions about the presence or absence of plagiarism in a scientific work. Anti-plagiarism services and programs really help in detecting plagiarism as an additional tool for searching for possible matches of the text, followed by their analysis and processing by a specialist.
But the situation with plagiarism still requires the use of plagiarism checking services (even with all their shortcomings). However, no matter how attractive and easy-to-use anti-plagiarism services are, it is necessary to do some work to improve information culture and respect for the copyrights of others.
Avian Influenza Virus A Subtype H5N1
Authors: Almutaali M. , Anugrah Erza 
Published: August 2023

Latar Belakang: Avian influenza adalah infeksi virus menular yang menyerang unggas, hewan, dan manusia di seluruh dunia. Sebagian besar infeksi pada manusia disebabkan oleh virus influenza tipe A dan B, sedangkan unggas hanya terinfeksi oleh influenza tipe A.
Isi: Masa inkubasi umumnya 2 sampai 7 hari, tapi bisa selama 8 sampai 9 hari. Gejala klinis ditandai dengan demam tinggi, batuk, dan gejala saluran pernapasan bagian bawah. World Health Organization mengeluarkan Rapid Advice Guideliness pada tahun 2007, yang berisi rekomendasi pengobatan untuk wabah influenza H5N1. Untuk kasus yang diduga kuat atau terkonfirmasi H5N1 dapat diberikan penghambat neuraminidase (terutama oseltamivir).
Kesimpulan: Infeksi avian influenza virus a subtype H5N1 lebih berbahaya dibandingkan avian influenza subtipe lain. Tingkat kematian pada avian influenza subtipe H5N1 diperkirakan mencapai 60%. Semua informasi mengatakan bahwa virus flu burung sangat berbahaya ketika menginfeksi manusia, dan umumnya prognosis pasien yang dirawat inap dengan flu burung itu buruk.
Effect of Medical Rehabilitation Services on Pain Intensity in Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Safei Imran , Zulfahmidah Zulfahmidah , Kasmawati Kasmawati 
Published: August 2023

Background: Low back pain is a symptom that is not directly related to mortality but is a cause of morbidity. The incidence of LBP was reviewed based on patient visits to several hospitals in Indonesia, ranging from 3-17%. The purpose of this research is to Effect of Medical Rehabilitation Services on Pain Intensity in Low Back Pain Patients.
Method: This type of research includes quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. Data collection is done through medical records. The research sample was all patients diagnosed with low back pain who were treated at the medical rehabilitation polyclinic at the Ibnu Sina Makassar Hospital within 4 years (2019-2022). Data analysis was carried out, namely univariate and bivariate analysis using the Paired t-test.
Results: The research results obtained 31 samples that met the inclusion criteria and showed that there was an effect of medical rehabilitation on reducing the low back pain scale in patients with low back pain (p=0.00).
Conclusion: There is an effect of medical rehabilitation on decreasing the low back pain scale in patients with low back pain.
Keywords: Low; medical rehabilitation; pain intensity