bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transconjunctival fat repositioning blepharoplasty: is excess fat herniation a prerequisite?
Authors: Chen Jianwu , Wu Yanhong , Wang Yuzhi , Zhang Bin , Tang Jianbing , Wang Zhongshan , Huang Wenhua , Cheng Biao 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The fat repositioning technique has been widely used for the treatment of tear trough deformity, and there is a strong belief that excess fat herniation is a prerequisite for the procedure.

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate its effect in patients with minimal or no excess fat herniation.

Methods:
A total of 232 patients underwent the procedure and met the inclusion criteria. Of them, 198 were primary cases, and 34 had a history of fat removal for blepharoplasty. The amount of infraorbital fat was evaluated preoperatively by palpation. Release of the tear trough ligament and fat redistribution were sequentially performed as previously described. Surgical outcome was assessed based on Hirmand’s grading system and the FACE-Q scales.

Results:
Tear trough deformities were eliminated in more than 85% of cases. Aesthetic results were comparable between the primary and secondary surgery groups. The percentage of patients who complained of extremely or moderately severe tear trough deformities decreased from 86.3% preoperatively to 34.0% postoperatively. The scores of the lower eyelid FACE-Q decreased significantly (P<0.05). Patients were satisfied with their decision to undergo blepharoplasty (78.2±18.7). Undercorrection of the tear trough occurred in 30 patients. Other complications included 12 cases of transient conjunctiva bleeding, 2 cases of eyelid numbness, and 6 cases of dry eye. These resolved spontaneously.

Conclusion:
Fat repositioning is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of tear trough deformities in patients with minimal or no excess orbital fat herniation provided that a fat pad is palpable.

Level of Evidence:
4
Early Detection of Gastric Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma on 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT
Authors: Liu Huipan , Xiang Feifan , Deng Jia , Li Kehong , Chen Yue 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

18F-FDG PET/CT may sometimes not be an ideal imaging method for gastric adenocarcinoma. Because of the unstable physiological uptake of 18F-FDG in the gastrointestinal tract and muscles, it may interfere with the detection of lesions. We present a case of gastric intramucosal adenocarcinoma detected by 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Visualization of Intermetastatic Heterogeneity in Mixed Neuroendocrine Carcinoma–Acinar Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate by 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-FAPI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Cai Jiayu , Xu Weizhi , Meng Tinghua , Pang YiZhen , Chen Haojun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma–acinar carcinoma is an uncommon histological type of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. It has been rarely reported in de novo prostate malignancies. In this case, we present 68Ga-PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen), 68Ga-FAPI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings in the de novo form of mixed large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma–acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Different levels of radiotracer uptake were observed in different metastatic sites on 68Ga-PSMA, 68Ga-FAPI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT. This case demonstrates that the multitracer PET/CT strategy may be used for the noninvasive detection of the intermetastatic heterogeneity in metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
Topical Anesthetic versus Lidocaine Mixture for Pain Relief During Keloid Treatment: A Prospective, Split Study
Authors: Park Tae Hwan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
The most common typical symptoms of keloids can be pain and itchiness. Intralesional corticosteroid administration is generally the first-line conservative treatment. Minimizing pain during intralesional corticosteroid injections into keloids should be aimed, as the treatment is often painful. There has yet to be a report on which local anesthetic technique is superior in keloid treatment between topical anesthetic versus lidocaine mixture injection.

Methods:
This was a single-center prospective study. The study included 100 patients with painful multiple/multifocal keloids aged 18 to 85 years and was performed between May 2021 and December 2022. Among multiple keloid lesions in a single patient, we assigned the keloids pretreated with topical cream application versus local injection. Then, subjects received 40 mg of intralesional corticosteroid injections into the keloids with a 26G needle to treat keloids. Patients rated the pain intensity of each lesion pretreated with two different anesthetic techniques on an 11-point numeric rating scale. A separate direct question of “Which technique would you recommend if you had to be injected again?” was given.

Results:
One-hundred patients with painful multiple/multifocal keloids were included in the study. Data on pain intensity numeric rating scale (NRS) revealed that injection techniques relieved the pain statistically significantly more than topical creams. (P<0.001) 63% of the participants (n=63) preferred the injection technique, while 25% preferred topical anesthetics. In total, 12% of patients responded that there was no difference between the two techniques.

Conclusion:
When comparing with topical lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream, a 1:1 mixture of 1% lidocaine and epinephrine significantly alleviated pain during and after the corticosteroid injection.
Pediatric trauma surgery in Iraq and Afghanistan: Mortality, indicators, and most common operating room interventions from 2007 to 2016
Authors: Oh Andrew S. , Schauer Steven G. , Adelgais Kathleen , Fletcher John L. , Karrer Frederick M. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq produced thousands of pediatric casualties, using substantial military medical resources. We sought to describe characteristics of pediatric casualties who underwent operative intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan.

METHODS
This is a retrospective analysis of pediatric casualties treated by US Forces in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry with at least one operative intervention during their course. We report descriptive, inferential statistics, and multivariable modeling to assess associations for receiving an operative intervention and survival. We excluded casualties who died on arrival to the emergency department.

RESULTS
During the study period, there were a total of 3,439 children in the Department of Defense Trauma Registry, of which 3,388 met inclusion criteria. Of those, 2,538 (75%) required at least 1 operative intervention totaling 13,824 (median, 4; interquartile range, 2–7; range, 1–57). Compared with nonoperative casualties, operative casualties were older and male and had a higher proportion of explosive and firearm injuries, higher median composite injury severity scores, higher overall blood product administration, and longer intensive care hospitalizations. The most common operative procedures were related to abdominal, musculoskeletal, and neurosurgical trauma; burn management; and head and neck. When adjusting for confounders, older age (unit odds ratio, 1.04; 1.02–1.06), receiving a massive transfusion during their initial 24 hours (6.86, 4.43–10.62), explosive injuries (1.43, 1.17–1.81), firearm injuries (1.94, 1.47–2.55), and age-adjusted tachycardia (1.45, 1.20–1.75) were all associated with going to the operating room. Survival to discharge on initial hospitalization was higher in the operative cohort (95% vs. 82%, p < 0.001). When adjusting for confounders, operative intervention was associated with improved mortality (odds ratio, 7.43; 5.15–10.72).

CONCLUSION
Most children treated in US military/coalition treatment facilities required at least one operative intervention. Several preoperative descriptors were associated with casualties' likelihood of operative interventions. Operative management was associated with improved mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.
Work Fatigue in Phosphoric Acid Industry Workers: How Work shift and Sleep Quality Affect Them?
Authors: Syaiful Dayinta Annisa , Paskarini Indriati , Martiana Tri , Oktavera Angela Tesalonika 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionManpower is a firm asset and it plays a role in determining the quality and quantity of items produced. Labour-intensive activities require a lot of energy. Work fatigue is one of the repercussions experienced by the workforce. This study aims to investigate the relationship between work shifts and sleep quality and subjective work fatigue at the phosphoric acid industry.Material and MethodThis study was conducted on all 44 workers using a cross-sectional technique. The PSQI questionnaire and the Subjective Feelings of Fatigue questionnaire was conducted to obtain the data. Spearman correlation and contingency coefficient test were used to analyse the data.ResultThere are 47.7% employees experienced moderate work fatigue. There was a strong relationship between work shift (p=0.637) and sleep quality (p=0.619) with work fatigue.ConclusionSpecial inspection at 2-4 am should be conducted to monitor the employees.
Neuronal composition of processing modules in human V1: laminar density for neuronal and non-neuronal populations and a comparison with macaque
Authors: Garcia-Marin V , Kelly JG , Hawken MJ 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe neuronal composition of homologous brain regions in different primates is important for understanding their processing capacities. Primary visual cortex (V1) has been widely studied in different members of the Catarrhines or Old-World monkeys. Neuronal density is considered to be central in defining the structure--function relationship. In human, there are large variations in the reported neuronal density from prior studies. We found the neuronal density in human V1 was 79,000 neurons/mm3, which is 35% of the neuronal density previously determined in macaque V1. Laminar density was proportionally similar between human and macaque. In V1, the ocular dominance column (ODC) contains the circuits for the emergence of orientation preference and spatial processing of a point image in many mammalian species. Analysis of the total neurons in an ODC and of the full number of neurons in macular vision (the central 15 degrees) indicate that humans have 1.28 times more neurons than macaques even though the density of neurons in macaque is 3 times the density in human V1. We propose that the number of neurons in a functional processing unit rather than the number of neurons under a mm2of cortex is more appropriate for cortical comparisons across species.
Single Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Emergent Notochord-Derived Cell Subpopulations in the Postnatal Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Zhong Leilei , Lau Yian Khai , Wu Meilun , Yao Lutian , Schaer Thomas P. , Mauck Robert L. , Malhotra Neil R. , Qin Ling , Smith Lachlan J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration is a leading cause of chronic low back pain. Cell-based strategies that seek to treat disc degeneration by regenerating the central nucleus pulposus hold significant promise, but key challenges remain. One of these is the inability of therapeutic cells to effectively mimic the performance of native nucleus pulposus cells, which are unique amongst skeletal cell types in that they arise from the embryonic notochord. In this study we use single cell RNA sequencing to demonstrate emergent heterogeneity amongst notochord-derived nucleus pulposus cells in the postnatal mouse disc. Specifically, we established the existence of early and late stage nucleus pulposus cells, corresponding to notochordal progenitor and mature cells, respectively. Late stage cells exhibited significantly higher expression levels of extracellular matrix genes including aggrecan, and collagens II and VI, along with elevated TGF-β and PI3K-Akt signaling. Additionally, we identified Cd9 as a novel surface marker of late stage nucleus pulposus cells, and demonstrated that these cells were localized to the nucleus pulposus periphery, increased in numbers with increasing postnatal age, and co-localized with emerging glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix. Finally, we used a goat model to show the Cd9+ nucleus pulposus cell numbers decrease with moderate severity disc degeneration, suggesting that these cells are associated with maintenance of the healthy nucleus pulposus extracellular matrix. Improved understanding of the developmental mechanisms underlying regulation of ECM deposition in the postnatal NP may inform improved regenerative strategies for disc degeneration and associated low back pain.
Network-based approach elucidates critical genes in BRCA subtypes and chemotherapy response in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Agrawal Piyush , Jain Navami , Gopalan Vishaka , Timon Annan , Singh Arashdeep , Rajagopal Padma S , Hannenhalli Sridhar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBreast cancers exhibit substantial transcriptional heterogeneity, posing a significant challenge to the prediction of treatment response and prognostication of outcomes. Especially, translation of TNBC subtypes to the clinic remains a work in progress, in part because of a lack of clear transcriptional signatures distinguishing the subtypes. Our recent network-based approach, PathExt, demonstrates that global transcriptional changes in a disease context are likely mediated by a small number of key genes, and these mediators may better reflect functional or translationally relevant heterogeneity. We apply PathExt to 1059 BRCA tumors and 112 healthy control samples across 4 subtypes to identify frequent, key-mediator genes in each BRCA subtype. Compared to conventional differential expression analysis, PathExt-identified genes (1) exhibit greater concordance across tumors, revealing shared as well as BRCA subtype-specific biological processes, (2) better recapitulate BRCA-associated genes in multiple benchmarks, and (3) exhibit greater dependency scores in BRCA subtype-specific cancer cell lines. Single cell transcriptomes of BRCA subtype tumors reveal a subtype-specific distribution of PathExt-identified genes in multiple cell types from the tumor microenvironment. Application of PathExt to a TNBC chemotherapy response dataset identified TNBC subtype-specific key genes and biological processes associated with resistance. We described putative drugs that target top novel genes potentially mediating drug resistance. Overall, PathExt applied to breast cancer refines previous views of gene expression heterogeneity and identifies potential mediators of TNBC subtypes, including potential therapeutic targets.
Hydraulic retention time drives changes in energy production and the anodic microbiome of a microbial fuel cell (MFC)
Authors: Castellano-Hinojosa Antonio , Gallardo-Altamirano Manuel J. , Pozo Clementina , González-Martínez Alejandro , González-López Jesús 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fish-canning industry generates large quantities of wastewater that typically contains high concentrations of organic matter and salts. However, little is known about the potential valorization of this type of industrial wastewater using the microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology operated in a continuous flow mode. This study investigated the impacts of three different hydraulic retention times (HRT) on the performance, energy production, and prokaryotic and eukaryotic anodic microbiome of an MFC inoculated with activated sludge from a seafood industry and fed with synthetic wastewater that mimics fish-canning effluents. Three consecutive HRTs were studied: 1 day (HRT1), 3 days (HRT3), and 6 days (HRT6) for 30 days, 21 days, and 21 days, respectively. Voltage, current density, and power density were significantly greater at HRT1 compared to HRT3 and HRT6, whereas no differences in coulombic efficiency (CE) were detected among HRTs. Decreases in the efficiency of removal of organic compounds and increases in the abundance of archaeal communities with increased HRT was related to limited energy production at greater HRT. The increased energy production at HRT1 was tightly linked to increased and decreased absolute abundances of bacterial and archaeal communities, respectively. Variations in the HRT significantly impacted the diversity and composition of the prokaryotic community with critical impacts on energy production. The proliferation of known and diverse electroactive microorganisms, such as those belonging to the generaGeobacter,Shewanella,Arcobacter, andClostridium, was related to increased energy production at HRT1. However, HRT3 and HRT6 enhanced the growth of archaeal methanogens (mainlyMethanosarcinasp.), which negatively impacted current production. The eukaryotic community showed less sensitivity to changes in HRT and no significant impact on current production. The carbon oxygen demand and organic matter removal % increased from approximately 20% at HRT1 to almost 60% at HRT6. This study shows there is a critical balance between the HRT and prokaryotic microorganisms contributing to organic removal rate and increases and decreases in energy production in an MFC treating wastewater from the fish-canning industry and operated in a continuous mode.
Pelvic irradiation induces behavioral and neuronal damage through gut dysbiosis in a rat model
Authors: Venkidesh B S , Narasimhamurthy Rekha Koravadi , Jnana Apoorva , Reghunathan Dinesh , Sharan Krishna , Chandraguthi Srinidhi Gururajarao , Murali Thokur Sreepathy , Mumbrekar Kamalesh Dattaram 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundPelvic radiotherapy is the endorsed course of treatment for pelvic malignancies, which frequently cover pelvic primary tumor lesions as well as non-cancerous lymphatic drainage sites in the pelvic area. As a result, pelvic irradiation may indiscriminately cause harm to healthy tissues and organs in the pelvic area in individuals undergoing treatment. Some studies suggest that gut microbial dysbiosis can be correlated with the incidence of radiation-induced toxicities in cancer patients. Since, the consequences were earlier thought to be solely due to the targeted or non-targeted effect of radiation, the role of gut microbiota in the non-targeted effects of radiation and the mechanistic role of the gut-brain axis in the pelvic irradiation scenario is not well explored. Hence, the current study was carried out to explore implication of gut dysbiosis in behavioral and neuronal changes induced by pelvic irradiation.Materials and Methods3-4-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were given a single dose of 6 Gy pelvic irradiation. Fecal samples of control and treated mice were collected at different timepoints to assess microbial abundance and diversity using 16S rRNA-based metagenomic sequencing. Behavioral analysis, histological analysis of intestine, brain and gene expression analysis of brain hippocampus was performed to ascertain the indirect impact of microbial dysbiosis on cognition.ResultsFollowing pelvic irradiation, significant microbial dysbiosis and behavioral alterations were observed with distinct changes in the microbial diversity and a significant decline in the locomotor effect and anxiety level at each time point following radiation. Histological analysis revealed a significant reduction in villus distortion as well as a significant decrease in neuronal cells, matured neurons, and an increase in reactive astrocytes, suggesting that pelvic irradiation promotes neuroinflammation. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant reduction in neural plasticity. Altogether, this study demonstrated that gut dysbiosis caused by pelvic irradiation alters behavior, intestinal morphology, integrity, and brain neuronal maturation, as well as lowers the levels of neural plasticity expression.ConclusionCurrent study provides evidence for the influence of gut dysbiosis on pelvic irradiation induced cognitive impairment in a rat model.
Unexpected Kif4a functions in adult regeneration encompass a dual role in neurons and in proliferative repair Schwann cells
Authors: Correia Patrícia D. , de Sousa Bárbara M. , Chato-Astrain Jesús , Faria Joana P. , Estrada Veronica , Relvas João B. , Müller Hans W. , Carriel Víctor , Bosse Frank , Vieira Sandra I. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTContrary to the adult central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an intrinsic ability to regenerate that, among others, passes by expressing regeneration-associated genes such as kinesin family members. We here show that Kinesin family motor protein 4a (KIF4A), associated to neurodevelopmental disorders and thought for long to be only embryonically expressed, is highly abundant in axons and Schwann cells of adult rat CNS and rat and human PNS. Moreover,Kif4ais up-regulated in injured PNS neurons, being detected in their nuclei and regrowing axons, consistent with its functions as a chromokinesin and in the axonal transport of e.g. β1-integrin and L1CAM. Interestingly,Kif4ais also highly up-regulated in Schwann cells transdifferentiating into a proliferative repair phenotype at the injured distal nerve stumps. A role forKif4ain cultured Schwann cells proliferation was confirmed, withKif4amRNA expression being ∼6-fold higher in proliferating versus growth-arrested Schwann cells, andKif4aknockdown impairing Schwann cells’ proliferation. To our knowledge, this is the first description of KIF4A expression in adult nervous systems, up-regulation in neuroregeneration and pro-neuroregenerative roles, including promoting Schwann cells proliferation. KIF4A dual role in axonal regeneration, through neurons and glia, places as an attractive target for future neuroregeneration therapies.
Biodiversity responses to forest cover loss: taxonomy and metrics matter
Authors: de Araujo Martins Clarissa , Pays Olivier , Souza Franco L. , Renaud Pierre-Cyril , Valente-Neto Francisco , Silveira Mauricio , Ochoa-Quintero Jose , Provete Diogo B. , Santos Cyntia Cavalcante , Melo Isabel , Rodrigues Marciel Elio , Duleba Samuel , Nunes André Valle , Ceballos-Rivera Oriana DJ. , de Oliveira Roque Fabio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe actions required for biodiversity conservation depend on species responses to habitat loss, which may be either neutral, linear, or non-linear. Here, we tested how taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of aquatic insects, dragonflies, frogs, and terrestrial mammals, as well as their species composition respond to forest cover loss. We hypothesized that taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity would respond nonlinearly (thresholds) to forest cover loss. Our findings do not support the current idea that a single threshold value of forest cover loss is applicable across tropical regions, or that some biodiversity facets are consistently more sensitive than others across different taxa. Species compositional responses to forest cover loss showed general patterns with thresholds between 30-50%. These results highlight the importance to consider multiple biodiversity facets when assessing the effects of forest cover loss on biological communities.