bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Andesites and evolution of the continental crust: Perspectives from the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes
Authors: Burns Dale H. , de Silva Shanaka L. 
Published: January 2023

Named for the Andes, andesites (53%–63% SiO2) are the archetypal magma erupted at magmatic arcs. They have been established as the average composition of continental crust and as such are integral to the growth and evolution of the continental crust. However, andesites are quite variable in trace element and isotopic composition reflecting disparate paths of origin. Herein we return to the original site of their identification, the Central Andes, and use a comprehensive dataset of published and unpublished trace elements and isotopes to show that during the past 6 Myr two distinct types of andesite have erupted in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), which correspond with different geodynamic conditions. Consistent with previous work, we confirm that major composite cones and minor centers of the steady state (low magmatic flux) Quaternary CVZ arc have trace element and isotopic characteristics consistent with magma generation/fractionation in the lower crust. Within the Quaternary arc centers, there are also significant latitudinal variations that correspond with the age, composition, and P-T conditions of the lower crust. However, in contrast to this prevailing model, in the 21–24°S segment 6–1 Ma andesites from ignimbrites and lava domes associated with the peak of the regional Neogene ignimbrite flare-up have compositions that indicate these andesites are hybrids between mantle-derived basalts and upper crustal lithologies. Since ∼1 Ma, andesites in young silicic lava domes associated with the regional flare-up are compositionally indistinguishable from proximal Quaternary arc centers, indicating a return to steady-state magmatism and lower crustal production of andesites. We propose that the transition from upper crustal to lower crustal andesite production results from a decrease in mantle heat input and subsequent relaxation of the regional geotherm during the waning of the flare-up event. The two modes of andesite production have significant implications for the production and evolution of the CVZ arc crust. During the flare-up, prodigious amounts of basalt were emplaced into the mid-crust, resulting in the production of large volumes of hybrid intermediate magmas in the mid and upper crust. In contrast, the lower crustal differentiation recorded in the Quaternary steady state arc andesites would result in the formation of a dense crystalline residue in the lower crust and an overall densification of the lower crust. Over time, gravity instabilities associated with this densification may ultimately aid in the delamination of the dense lower crustal root, triggering flare-ups. These differences in andesite production may help explain the cyclicity (flare-up cycles) observed in mature continental arcs and emphasizes that andesite is not a monotonous composition and can vary with depth-dependent intra-crustal differentiation related to magmatic flux.
Seismic-wave path attenuation and local site responses in eastern Guangdong province revealed by the ground-motion spectral analyses
Authors: Wu Huadeng , Zhou Ying , Qian Yongmei , Yang Fang , Yu Gang , Wu Guorui , Zhang Yi 
Published: January 2023

In an effort to investigate the attenuation characteristics and site effects in eastern Guangdong, 659 strong-motion recordings received by 27 stations were selected for spectral analysis to separate path attenuation, site effects and source spectra. The path attenuation curves are generally close to the simplest form of distance decay described by R−0.5, and decays the slowest at a frequency of 4 Hz. We decomposed the path attenuation into a combination of geometric spreading and inelastic attenuation. The geometric spreading R−0.15 exhibits a slower distance decay at local distances, indicating that the seismic energy close to the epicenter is not easily dissipated. The quality factors were regressed as Qs(f) = 114.81f.922 in the frequency range .9–20 Hz, lower than those reported for the whole Guangdong region, indicating stronger anelastic attenuation in eastern Guangdong. The site responses in eastern Guangdong show a strong correlation with geological and geotechnical characterization. The stations located in the central mountains have higher predominant frequencies (&gt;10 Hz) accompanied by smaller site amplifications. Larger site amplification is in the southeast coastal area (i.e., Shantou area), where the surface is covered with a thicker layer of soft soil and the predominant frequency of site is relatively low (∼2 Hz). The far-field earthquake will cause greater vibration and damage to this area.
Anesthesiology education: A discussion on the current reform for training in the hypoxic environment of the highlands of China
Authors: Chen Hongyang , Wang Zining , Zheng Lan , Ciren Jiumei , Zhang Weiyi , Zhu Tao 
Published: January 2023

HighlightsAnesthesiology education in Tibet is lagging behind, and clinical anesthesia needs to be improved.To improve the overall quality of anesthesiology teachers in Tibet is beneficial to the development of local anesthesiology.Improving the teaching ability of anesthesiologists not only promotes the improvement of the independent learning ability of young doctors, but also lays a solid foundation for the smooth development of clinical work.
Identification and analysis of lncRNA, miRNA and mRNA related to subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in Laiwu pigs
Authors: Feng Hui , Liu Tianyi , Yousuf Salsabeel , Zhang Xiuxiu , Huang Wanlong , Li Ai , Xie Lingli , Miao Xiangyang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate adipocyte differentiation and metabolism, However, their function on subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues in pigs is unclear. Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important indicator for evaluating meat quality. Breeds with high IMF content are often accompanied by high subcutaneous fat (SCF), which severely affects the meat rate of pigs. It is of great significance for porcine breeding to study the mechanism of lncRNA related to adipogenesis and lipid metabolism.MethodsWe identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissues in three female Laiwu pigs by deep RNA-sequencing(|log2foldchange|≥1, P_value ≤ 0.05). The gene expression profiles of IMF and SCF in Laiwu pigs were comparatively analyzed by Bioinformatics methods to identify key lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs associated with lipid metabolism and adipogenesis.ResultsA total of 1209 lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 286 miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and 1597 mRNAs (DEgenes) were differentially expressed between two types of adipose. Among them, 17 DElncRNAs and 103 target genes play a role in the co-expression network, as well as 59 DElncRNAs, 44 DEmiRNAs, and 88 DEgenes involved in ceRNA network. In GO(Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis of DElncRNAs their target genes involved in many adipogenesis and lipid metabolism biological processes and signaling pathways, such as PPAR signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway.ConclusionsBy constructing co-expression and ceRNAs network we found that Wnt signaling pathway play a critical regulatory role in intramuscular adipogenesis and lipid accumulation in Laiwu pigs. TCONS_00006525, TCONS_00046551 and TCONS_00000528 may target WNT5A, WNT10B and FDZ3 in co-expression network, TCONS_00026517 and other lncRNAs regulate the expression of PPARG, RXRG and SCD in ceRNA network, and were involved in Wnt signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the post-transcriptional regulation mechanism of meat quality formation, predicting and treating diseases caused by ectopic fat.
Neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling analysis for a small lead-based fast reactor based on the discrete ordinate nodal and parallel channel method
Authors: Fang Chao , Peng Xingjie , Zhao Chen , Lou Lei , Zhang Bin , Wang Lianjie , Chen Zhang , Li Qing 
Published: January 2023

The full-core neutronics/thermal-hydraulics (NE/TH) coupling analysis for a small lead-based fast reactor (SLFR) was presented. The NE-to-TH coupling occurs via power distribution, whereas the TH-to-NE coupling occurs via the material cross section, which is related to the temperature distribution. In the NE module, a discrete ordinate (SN) nodal solver is implemented based on the hexagonal prism mesh. In the TH module, a parallel channel model is implemented with each hexagonal fuel assembly as a channel. The mass flow of each channel is searched according to the same pressure drop, the temperature and density of the coolant within each channel is calculated with a one-dimensional axial heat convection model, and the temperature distribution along the fuel pin is calculated with a one-dimensional radial heat conduction model. In order to update the cross section, a temperature-dependent homogenized microscopic cross-section library is prepared in advance, and based on the temperature distribution obtained from the TH calculation, the cross-section data required by the NE calculation are obtained by interpolation. The results of the NE/TH coupling analysis for SLFR indicate that the TH parameters (the maximum temperature of the fuel, cladding, and coolant and the maximum velocity of the coolant) are all within the design limits, and the TH feedback provides negative reactivity feedback (about −200 pcm) and has a fairly small effect on the power distribution (&lt;1.0%).
Reduction in energy consumption and CO2 emissions by retrofitting an existing building to a net zero energy building for the implementation of SDGs 7 and 13
Authors: Razzaq Ibtisam , Amjad Muhammad , Qamar Adnan , Asim Muhammad , Ishfaq Kashif , Razzaq Afia , Mawra Khadija 
Published: January 2023

This work aims to reduce the energy consumption of existing buildings through retrofitting and converting them into net zero energy buildings (NZEBs). Various retrofits for an existing academic building were modeled and analyzed using REVIT software. Energy consumption was reduced to approximately 34% through retrofits, and a Solar System of 41.6 kW was integrated to meet the reduced energy demand, consequently converting the building into an net zero energy building (NZEB). Furthermore, environmental and economic analyses were conducted, and the results show a reduction of 32.8 metric tons of CO2 emissions per year as a result of retrofitting the building, converting it into an net zero energy building. The building envelope retrofits and electrical appliances have a payback period of 2.96 and 2.62 years, respectively, whereas the proposed Solar System has a payback period of only 2.3 years. Moreover, the building was rated using the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating tool, and it qualifies for silver certification after retrofits and the integration of renewable energy sources (RES). The reduction in energy consumption and integration of renewable energy sources contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7, and reduced CO2 emissions save climate variations, which leads to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 13.
The impact of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) on chestnut tree growth may be mediated by site resources
Authors: Castedo-Dorado Fernando , Álvarez-Álvarez Pedro , Lombardero María Josefa 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe Asian chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) is a major pest of chestnut trees worldwide, seriously affecting chestnut cultivation. Information concerning the effects of gall wasp attack on diameter growth of chestnut trees is currently scarce and limited to coppice stands and to use of the growth of a non-target control species (unaffected by the pest) for reference purposes. The effects of the pest on widely-spaced plantations (grown at a much lower density than chestnut coppices) and the use of explicitly-observed annual infestation rate data remain to be explored.MethodsIn the present study, we analyzed the impact of the chestnut gall wasp on the diameter growth of chestnut trees, using data from 16 experimental plots established in widely-spaced plantations located in good quality sites. Two of the plots are in plantations where a susceptible hybrid chestnut clone and a chestnut clone resistant to the gall wasp coexist, whereas the remaining 14 plots are in Castanea sativa plantations where the level of gall wasp infestation varies across trees and years. The plots were surveyed to determine the diameter growth of the trees and the level of infestation during 5 years (2017–2021).ResultsThe infestation level corresponding to the theoretical damage threshold was surpassed inmost plots during the study period. Nevertheless, there were no differences in the growth of attacked and unaffected plants in the two plots planted with hybrid clones with contrasting susceptibility to the gall wasp. The attack had a modest effect in C. sativa plots, with a mean reduction in annual basal area increment of 9.9%.DiscussionThese findings apparently contradict previous reports of a marked reduction in radial growth of chestnut coppice trees due to gall wasp attack. The difference in findings may be related to increased compensation for herbivory with increasing levels of resources (especially light) in the plantations under study, which were less dense than previously studied stands. The study outcomes add to existing knowledge on the impact of chestnut gall wasp on wood formation and may have implications regarding planting site recommendations and subsequent stand management.
Infertility control of transgenic fluorescent zebrafish with targeted mutagenesis of the dnd1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing
Authors: Chu Wai-Kwan , Huang Shih-Chin , Chang Ching-Fong , Wu Jen-Leih , Gong Hong-Yi 
Published: January 2023

Transgenic technology and selective breeding have great potential for the genetic breeding in both edible fish and ornamental fish. The development of infertility control technologies in transgenic fish and farmed fish is the critical issue to prevent the gene flow with wild relatives. In this study, we report the genome editing of the dead end (dnd1) gene in the zebrafish model, using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to achieve a loss-of-function mutation in both wild-type zebrafish and transgenic fluorescent zebrafish to develop complete infertility control technology of farmed fish and transgenic fish. We effectively performed targeted mutagenesis in the dnd1 gene of zebrafish with a single gRNA, which resulted in a small deletion (−7 bp) or insertion (+41 bp) in exon 2, leading to a null mutation. Heterozygotes and homozygotes of dnd1-knockout zebrafish were both selected by genotyping in the F1 and F2 generations. Based on a comparison of histological sections of the gonads between wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous dnd1 zebrafish mutants, the dnd1 homozygous mutation (aa) resulted in the loss of germ cells. Still, there was no difference between the wild-type (AA) and dnd1 heterozygous (Aa) zebrafish. The homozygous dnd1 mutants of adult zebrafish and transgenic fluorescent zebrafish became all male, which had normal courtship behavior to induce wild-type female zebrafish spawning. However, they both had no sperm to fertilize the spawned eggs from wild-type females. Thus, all the unfertilized eggs died within 10 h. The targeted mutagenesis of the dnd1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is stably heritable by crossing of fertile heterozygous mutants to obtain sterile homozygous mutants. It can be applied in the infertility control of transgenic fluorescent fish and genetically improved farmed fish by selective breeding to promote ecologically responsible aquaculture.
Phenotypic and genetic characteristics of 130 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type II: A single-center retrospective study in China
Authors: Zhang Zhenjie , Ma Mingsheng , Zhang Weimin , Zhou Yu , Yao Fengxia , Zhu Lisi , Wei Min , Qiu Zhengqing 
Published: January 2023

Background: Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II (MPS II) is a rare, progressive and ultimately fatal X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene. This report conducted a retrospective analysis to investigate the clinical characteristics, genotypes and management strategies in a large cohort of Chinese patients with MPS II.Methods: In this study, we explored 130 Chinese patients with MPS II between September 2008 and April 2022. Clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, IDS pathogenic gene variants and IDS enzyme activity, surgical history were analysed in the study.Results: A total of 130 patients were enrolled and the mean age at diagnosis was 5 years old. This study found the most common symptoms in our patients were claw-like hands, followed by coarse facial features, birthmarks (Mongolian spot), delayed development, inguinal or umbilical hernia. The most commonly cardiac manifestations were valve abnormalities, which were mitral/tricuspid valve regurgitation (71.9%) and aortic/pulmonary valve regurgitation (36.8%). We had found 43 different IDS pathogenic gene variants in 55 patients, included 16 novel variants. The variants were concentrated in exon 9 (20% = 11/55), exon 3 (20% = 11/55) and exon 8 (15% = 8/55). A total of 50 patients (38.5%) underwent surgical treatment, receiving a total of 63 surgeries. The average age of first surgery was 2.6 years, and the majority of surgery (85.7%, 54/63) was operated before 4 years old. The most common and earliest surgery was hernia repair. Three patients were died of respiratory failure.Conclusion: This study provided additional information on the clinical, cardiac ultrasound and surgical procedure in MPS II patients. Our study expanded the genotype spectrum of MPS II. Based on these data, characterization of MPS II patients group could be used to early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Genome-wide assessment of the population structure and genetic diversity of four Portuguese native sheep breeds
Authors: Gaspar Daniel , Usié Ana , Leão Célia , Guimarães Sílvia , Pires Ana Elisabete , Matos Claudino , Ramos António Marcos , Ginja Catarina 
Published: January 2023

As the effects of global warming become increasingly complex and difficult to manage, the conservation and sustainable use of locally adapted sheep breeds are gaining ground. Portuguese native sheep breeds are important reservoirs of genetic diversity, highly adapted to harsh environments and reared in low input production systems. Genomic data that would describe the breeds in detail and accelerate the selection of more resilient animals to be able to cope with climatic challenges are still lacking. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 37 animals from four Portuguese native sheep breeds (Campaniça, Bordaleira Serra da Estrela, Merino Branco and Merino Preto) and 19 crossbred sheep to make inferences on their genomic diversity and population structure. Mean genomic diversities were very similar across these breeds (.30 ≤ Ho ≤ .34; .30 ≤ He ≤ .35; 1.7 × 10–3 ≤ π ≤ 3.1 × 10–3) and the levels of inbreeding were negligible (.005 ≤ FIS ≤ .038). The Principal Components, Bayesian clustering and Treemix analyses split the Portuguese breeds in two main groups which are consistent with historical records: one comprising Campaniça and Serra da Estrela together with other European and transboundary dairy breeds; and another of the well-differentiated multi-purpose Merino and Merino-related breeds. Runs of homozygosity analyses yielded 1,690 ROH segments covering an average of 2.27 Gb across the genome in all individuals. The overall genome covered by ROH segments varied from 27,75 Mb in Serra da Estrela to 61,29 Mb in Campaniça. The phylogenetic analysis of sheep mitogenomes grouped the Portuguese native breeds within sub-haplogroup B1a along with two animals of the Akkaraman breed from Turkey. This result provides additional support to a direct influence of Southwest Asian sheep in local breeds from the Iberian Peninsula. Our study is a first step pertaining to the genomic characterization of Portuguese sheep breeds and the results emphasize the potential of genomic data as a valid tool to guide conservation efforts in locally adapted sheep breeds. In addition, the genomic data we generated can be used to identify markers for breed assignment and traceability of certified breed-products.
The non-oral infection of larval Echinococcus granulosus induces immune and metabolic reprogramming in the colon of mice
Authors: Zhou Yuying , Luo Tiancheng , Gong Yuying , Guo Yuxin , Wang Dingmin , Gao Zixuan , Sun Fenfen , Fu Linlin , Liu Hua , Pan Wei , Yang Xiaoying 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThe intestinal tract serves as a critical regulator for nutrient absorption and overall health. However, its involvement in anti-parasitic infection and immunity has been largely neglected, especially when a parasite is not transmitted orally. The present study investigated the colonic histopathology and functional reprogramming in mice with intraperitoneal infection of the larval Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus).ResultsCompared with the control group, the E. granulosus–infected mice exhibited deteriorated secreted mucus, shortened length, decreased expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), and occludin in the colon. Moreover, RNA sequencing was employed to characterize colonic gene expression after infection. In total, 3,019 differentially expressed genes (1,346 upregulated and 1,673 downregulated genes) were identified in the colon of infected mice. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes involved in intestinal immune responses, infectious disease-associated pathways, metabolism, or focal adhesion were significantly enriched. Among these, 18 tight junction-relative genes, 44 immune response-associated genes, and 23 metabolic genes were annotated. Furthermore, mebendazole treatment could reverse the colonic histopathology induced by E. granulosus infection.ConclusionsIntraperitoneal infection with E. granulosus induced the pathological changes and functional reprogramming in the colon of mice, and mebendazole administration alleviated above alternations, highlighting the significance of the colon as a protective barrier against parasitic infection. The findings provide a novel perspective on host-parasite interplay and propose intestine as a possible target for treating parasitic diseases that are not transmitted orally.