bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head for the Hills: Nucleated Hilltop Settlement in the Irish Bronze Age
Authors: O’Driscoll James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn Bronze Age Ireland, the settlement record almost exclusively comprises individual, isolated farmsteads dotted throughout the island (Ginn inEmania, 21: 47–58, 2013; Ginn, Mapping society: Settlement structures in Later Bronze Age Ireland, Archaeopress, 2016). Recent studies have shown that these are incredibly homogeneous, with the nearly 700 excavated examples showing no signs of significant variation in terms of size or density and little in the way of high-status material culture. This conflicts with other evidence from this period, which points to an elite culture inferred from extensive long-distance trading, the manufacture of high-status goods and the construction of massive communal monuments such as hillforts. The latter comprise some of Europe’s largest and most impressive monuments and are often recognised as regional centres of power and authority. Until recently, these monuments have received little attention in Ireland and have rarely been integrated into the broader study of Irish Bronze Age settlement patterns. Indeed, it is at hillforts, which might be regarded as the permanent settlement of an elite and a central space for a disparate community, that we should find larger structures and more nuanced evidence for settlement hierarchies if they exist. This paper aims to collate the settlement evidence within Irish hillforts and other unenclosed upland settlements, integrating this within the broader narrative of the contemporary settlement pattern. It is argued that a clear hierarchy of settlement is apparent at some of the densely settled Irish hillforts, and that these formed central spaces for a disparate community where architecture formed the main arena for the display of status and group identity.
Randomized controlled trial for anesthesia during gastroscopy: interactions between remimazolam and propofol in combination with sufentanil
Authors: Lyu Song , Deng Qingchung , Lin Weixin , Wu Xiaofang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Remimazolam is a new short-duration anesthetic currently used for gastroscopy and can be mixed with propofol and potent opioids.

Aim
The study aimed to investigate the synergistic interaction between remimazolam and propofol after sufentanil administration and to determine the appropriate dose ratios between remimazolam and propofol.

Method
This study used a randomized controlled design. Patients scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy were included and randomized into five groups. The randomized block design was applied at a randomization ratio of 1:1. Patients in each group received sufentanil (0.1 μg/kg) and the calculated doses of remimazolam and propofol. Using the up and down method, the median effective dose (ED50) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined based on whether the eyelash reflex disappeared in each treatment group. Isobolographic analysis was used to analyze the presence of drug interactions. The interaction coefficient and the dose ratio between remimazolam and propofol were calculated by algebraic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using interval estimates and 95% CI for statistical attributes.

Results
Cross-sectional analysis of the isobologram showed a clinically significant synergistic effect between remimazolam and propofol. When 0.016, 0.032, and 0.047 mg/kg of remimazolam were combined with 0.477, 0.221, and 0.131 mg/kg of propofol, the interaction coefficients were 1.04, 1.21, and 1.06, respectively. The dose ratio of remimazolam to propofol was approximately 1:7.

Conclusion
Remimazolam and propofol have synergistic clinical effects. A strong synergistic effect was observed when the remimazolam and propofol dose ratio was 1:7 (mg/kg).

Clinical trial
The study protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052425).
Crosstalk between P2Y receptors and cyclooxygenase activity in inflammation and tissue repair
Authors: Povo-Retana Adrián , Sánchez-García Sergio , Alvarez-Lucena Carlota , Landauro-Vera Rodrigo , Prieto Patricia , Delgado Carmen , Martín-Sanz Paloma , Boscá Lisardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe role of extracellular nucleotides as modulators of inflammation and cell stress is well established. One of the main actions of these molecules is mediated by the activation of purinergic receptors (P2) of the plasma membrane. P2 receptors can be classified according to two different structural families: P2X ionotropic ion channel receptors, and P2Y metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors. During inflammation, damaged cells release nucleotides and purinergic signaling occurs along the temporal pattern of the synthesis of pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators by myeloid and lymphoid cells. In macrophages under pro-inflammatory conditions, the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase 2 significantly increases and enhances the circulating levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which exerts its effects both through specific plasma membrane receptors (EP1-EP4) and by activation of intracellular targets. Here we review the mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between PGE2 and P2Y receptors on macrophages, which is dependent on several isoforms of protein kinase C and protein kinase D1. Due to this crosstalk, a P2Y-dependent increase in calcium is blunted by PGE2 whereas, under these conditions, macrophages exhibit reduced migratory capacity along with enhanced phagocytosis, which contributes to the modulation of the inflammatory response and tissue repair.
Influence of different durations of lower limb static stretching on the performance of long jump athletes: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rêma Sofia , Seixas Adérito , Moreira-Silvam Isabel , Cardoso Ricardo , Ventura Nuno , Azevedo Joana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of different durations of lower limb static stretching (SS) on the performance of long jump (LJ) athletes.

Methods
A crossover randomized controlled trial was conducted with 20 athletes, submitted to 4 conditions: 3 experimental conditions, performing the usual warm-up plus SS of quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior during 30 s, 1 min or 3 min; and a control condition, of only the usual warm-up. LJ performance was assessed before and immediately after the interventions/control.

Results
There was a significant change after the 3 min SS, with an improvement in the distance achieved (p = 0.012). However, there were no differences between the 4 conditions (p = 0.154).

Conclusion
Results suggest that SS performed for 30 s, 1 min or 3 min, seem not to influence the LJ performance, since despite an improvement in the distance reached after the 3 min SS, there were no significant differences between conditions.
Digitale Führungskommunikation und organisationale Bindung von Beschäftigten im Homeoffice
Authors: Ilter Yasemin , Barth-Farkas Faye , Ringeisen Tobias 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) untersucht, welche Barrieren die Kommunikation zwischen Führungskräften und ihren Mitarbeitenden im Homeoffice behindern und wie die digitale Führungskommunikation gestaltet werden kann, um das Zugehörigkeitsgefühl von Beschäftigten zum Arbeitgeber zu stärken. Es werden Barrieren und sozial-motivationale Auswirkungen einer digitalen Führungskommunikation im Homeoffice identifiziert und passende Gestaltungsansätze abgeleitet. Verringerte Kontaktmöglichkeiten im Arbeitsalltag, eine erschwerte Emotionswahrnehmung und eingeschränktes Feedback steigern bei digitaler Kommunikation das Risiko einer geschwächten Mitarbeiterbindung, die wiederum mit erhöhter Unzufriedenheit, sinkender Motivation und verringerter Arbeitsleistung der Mitarbeitenden zusammenhängt. Mit Hilfe der Media-Richness-Theorie werden mögliche Kommunikationstools im Überblick vorgestellt, um herauszuarbeiten, welche Medien für welchen Kommunikationszweck im Führungsalltag Anwendung finden können, um die beschriebenen Herausforderungen der digitalen Führungskommunikation zu überwinden. Die Übermittlung von nonverbalen Kommunikationssignalen über Videotools ermöglicht es, Emotionen besser zu transportieren, Nähe einfacher herzustellen und Bindung leichter aufrechtzuerhalten. Eine angemessene Medienwahl hilft der Führungskraft somit, regelmäßigen Kontakt zu Mitarbeitenden zu halten, besser bindungsförderliches Feedback zu geben und eine genauere Wahrnehmung bindungsrelevanter Emotionen zu gewährleisten. Weiterhin ist sinnvoll, die Selbstführung und das Verantwortungsbewusstsein der Beschäftigten im Homeoffice zu stärken. Eine Realisierung der vorgestellten Ansätze sollte durch eine Aufklärung der Mitarbeitenden zu veränderten Prozessen und Rollen im Rahmen einer digitalisierten Führungskommunikation begleitet werden. Zusammenfassend lässt sich eine beziehungsorientierte Führung durch den Einsatz passender Medien auch bei Homeofficetätigkeit der Beschäftigten so gestalten, dass die Mitarbeiterbindung aufrechterhalten und Negativeffekten wie Isolation, sinkender Arbeitsmotivation und verringerter Arbeitsleistung entgegengewirkt wird.
No Zeitenwende (yet): Early Assessment of German Public Opinion Toward Foreign and Defense Policy After Russia’s Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Mader Matthias , Schoen Harald 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of whether Russia’s invasion of Ukraine led to a turning point (Zeitenwende) in public opinion on foreign and defense policy in Germany. To this end, we provide a theoretical analysis of how the concept of turning point can be applied to public opinion. We identify the durability of the change in attitudes as well as its significance as necessary conditions to speak of a turning point. In the remainder of the paper, we focus on the argument that changes in different types of orientations are significant to different degrees. Change in core postures is more significant than change in policy attitudes; change in attitudes thematically distant from the Russian invasion is more significant than change in attitudes directly related to the event. Empirically, we present a panel data analysis of attitude change triggered by the Russian invasion. Analysis of data from several waves of the German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) panel survey collected before the invasion (2017–2021) and in two waves after (May and October 2022) shows that there were sizable shifts in policy attitudes directly related to the event. Postures remained essentially unchanged, as did thematically distant attitudes. We conclude that there has been no turning point at the level of public opinion (yet).
Reasoning by analogy and the transdisciplinarian’s circle: on the problem of knowledge transfer across cases in transdisciplinary research
Authors: Eigi-Watkin Jaana , Koskinen Inkeri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn their 2018 paper, Carolina Adler, Gertrude Hirsch Hadorn, Thomas Breu, Urs Wiesmann, and Christian Pohl propose that transferability of knowledge across cases in transdisciplinary research should be thought of in terms of arguments by analogy. We aim to advance this discussion about transferability by examining it in the light of recent ideas about knowledge transfer, extrapolation, and external validity in the philosophy of science. We problematise Adler et al.’s proposal by identifying the ‘transdisciplinarian’s circle’, due to which even knowledge that could be of use in other projects may be identified too late for efficient knowledge transfer to take place. We then suggest that Steel’s ideas on overcoming the ‘extrapolator’s circle’ can serve as a source of inspiration for addressing the issue of the transdisciplinarian’s circle.
Restrictive deterrence in Hong Kong drug dealing: exploring a framework of certainty reduction – severity mitigation
Authors: So Chi Keung , Guan Xin , Lo T. Wing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing a framework of certainty reduction – severity mitigation, the paper examines how drug dealers in Hong Kong adopted restrictive deterrence strategies to reduce the certainty, and mitigate the severity, of punishment. It examines seven concrete techniques, including camouflage in public places, picking a safe time and position, counter-reconnaissance, choosing a less severe activity, stashing the product, passing risk, and cooperating with the police. We found that the techniques used by drug dealers correspond well to this framework, but that high-level dealers make more use of severity mitigation strategies while low-level dealers use certainty reduction strategies more. Moreover, the restrictive deterrence strategy is transferred through dual paths in which trust plays a role among dealers with a triad background.
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Highly Sensitive Child Scale Across Age Groups, Gender, and Informants
Authors: Liu Danni , van Dijk Anouk , Lin Shanyan , Wang Zhenhong , Deković Maja , Dubas Judith Semon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is theorized to be a fundamental trait capturing children’s general sensitivity to the environment. Yet, scientific knowledge of SPS is mostly based on findings from Western cultures and few translated measures exist to assess children’s SPS outside of Western countries. Therefore, we developed the Chinese Highly Sensitive Child (HSC) scale. In Study 1, we investigated the scale’s psychometric properties for both self-reports (N = 2925, Mage = 11.74 years, 43.3% girls) and caregiver reports (n = 460, Mchild age = 9.02 years, 44.0% girls). Findings replicated most psychometric properties found in international studies including: (a) a bifactor structure with one general sensitivity component and three specific components, (b) acceptable internal consistency of the total scale (although not for self-report of elementary school children, and not for the subscales), and (c) at least partial invariance across age groups, gender, and informants. In Study 2, we investigated convergent validity with related temperament and personality measures using self-reports from both elementary school children (n = 845, Mage = 9.71 years, 41.9% girls) and middle school children (n = 563, Mage = 13.17 years, 43.2% girls). Findings replicated bivariate associations found in Western studies: Ease of Excitation (EOE) was associated with more positive traits, whereas Aesthetic Sensitivity (AES) was associated with more negative traits, suggesting that EOE and AES may capture the “dark” and “bright side” of sensitivity, respectively. We hope that our studies help spur research on SPS across western and Chinese cultures.
Spatiotemporal Distribution Patterns of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria arguinensis on a Rocky-Reef Coast (Northeast Atlantic)
Authors: Azevedo e Silva F. , Brito A. C. , Pombo A. , Simões T. , Marques T. A. , Rocha C. , Madruga A. S. , Sousa J. , Venâncio E. , Félix P. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe demand for sea cucumbers from the NE-Atlantic is increasing as a consequence of the depletion of stocks that historically supplied Asian markets. Some species from the NE-Atlantic are already showing overfishing signs due to either inefficient policies or their total absence, and they do not offer any margins of sustainability to sea cucumber fisheries. The current lack of knowledge of biological and ecological traits has led to ineffective protection of those species. Holothuria arguinensis is a good example of a temperate sea cucumber species suffering from the effects of unregulated and illegal harvest. This study aims to determine the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of H. arguinensis, assessing density and size-class structure in a NE-Atlantic population, in SW Portugal, as a function of environmental conditions. Sampling was done every 1.5 months at 6 stations defined according to habitat heterogeneity, following the coastline from the mouth of the Sado estuary to marine coastal areas. At each station, there were two habitats (rocky substrate and sandy areas) sampled through SCUBA diving along 30-m random transects, each with three replicates. Individuals were counted and measured (total length) and individual behavioural parameters, such as sheltering and settlement surface, were recorded. Water column parameters, sediment composition, and substrate cover were also recorded. Generalised Linear Models were fit to the data, modelling density and size distribution of the species with respect to environmental conditions. The results indicate that the distribution of H. arguinensis was mainly determined by its ability to deal with physical environmental stressors (current), rather than the chemical properties of the water column or sediment composition. The hydrodynamic features of the region exert the greatest impact on this species’ distribution and help shape habitat usage by different size class groups.
Development and in Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Itopride Hydrochloride Expanding Tablets
Authors: Ahmed Walaa , El-Gogary Riham I. , Nasr Maha , Sammour Omaima A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeGastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have attracted interest for enhancement of absorption and bioavailability of some drugs. Itopride hydrochloride (ITOP) is a drug used for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and other gastric motility disorders, but is characterized by narrow absorption window and short in vivo half-life. Therefore, it is expected that its formulation in expanding gastroretentive tablets would increase its gastric residence, thus leading to decreased frequency of administration and increased patient compliance.MethodsThe direct compression method was used for formulation of tablets. Four different hydrophilic polymers (xanthan gum, sodium alginate, gellan gum, pectin) were screened separately with Avicel 102 and PVP k30 as excipients. The effect of different factors (polymer type and amount, and excipient amount) on the tablet properties such as hardness, friability, thickness, diameter, weight variation, swelling, and in vitro drug dissolution was studied. In addition, swelling test, accelerated stability test, and in vivo study were performed on the optimized formulation.ResultsTablets prepared using xanthan gum exhibited favorable properties compared to tablets prepared using the other gums, however increasing the polymer amount led to increased tablet friability. The selected formulation exhibited obvious expansion reaching 17.45 mm and lasting for 24 h, coupled with a sustained release behavior. X-ray scans in human volunteers suggested the residence of the tablet in the stomach for a period of 6 h in fed state.ConclusionSuccessful preparation of directly compressible ITOP expanding tablets was achieved in this study, which is expected to result in better therapeutic outcome in gastroesophageal reflux.
Use of Animal Models for Investigating Cardioprotective Roles of SGLT2 Inhibitors
Authors: Al Thani Najlaa A. , Hasan Maram , Yalcin Huseyin C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent one type of new-generation type 2 diabetes (T2DM) drug treatment. The mechanism of action of an SGLT2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in treating T2DM depends on lowering blood glucose levels effectively via increasing the glomerular excretion of glucose. A good number of randomized clinical trials revealed that SGLT2is significantly prevented heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular death in T2DM patients. Despite ongoing clinical trials in HF patients without T2DM, there have been a limited number of translational studies on the cardioprotective properties of SGLT2is. As the cellular mechanism behind the cardiac benefits of SGLT2is is still to be elucidated, animal models are used to better understand the pathways behind the cardioprotective mechanism of SGLT2i. In this review, we summarize the animal models constructed to study the cardioprotective mechanisms of SGLT2is to help deliver a more comprehensive understanding of the in vivo work that has been done in this field and to help select the most optimal animal model to use when studying the different cardioprotective effects of SGLT2is.
Graphical Abstract
Isotopic sourcing reveals changing subsistence, cultural diversity and biological correlates with palaeodiet in fourth- to seventh-century AD Bavaria
Authors: Sebald Sidney V. , Grupe Gisela , Hakenbeck Susanne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ15N) in bone collagen of archaeological skeletal finds are indicators of the protein sources in individuals’ basic diet. Isotopic sourcing allows us to quantify the biomass contribution of major dietary components and to differentiate between the source contribution of various animal species (domesticates, game). We re-evaluated previously published isotopic signatures in skeletons from three burial sites in Bavaria, dated from Late Antiquity to Early Mediaeval times (Erding-Klettham, Erding-Altenerding, Straubing-Bajuwarenstraße) by use of a mixing model. The result is a more detailed reconstruction, supported by contextual evidence, of both early subsistence economies and individual dietary preferences. We were able to confirm relationships between non-local dietary behaviour and foreign cultural influences (grave goods and artificial cranial modification) that have previously been suggested by the burial context and DNA analyses and that are plausibly explained by migration events. Moreover, we differentiated early and late immigrants from each other, requiring a re-evaluation of the earlier interpretation of exogamy. In addition, individual dietary preferences indicate even more migration events and social stratifications that could not previously be identified by the archaeological evidence alone.
Validation of Electrothermal Vaporization for the Analysis of Biomass Samples and Comparison with Other Methods of Analysis
Authors: Mörtenkötter Hendrik , Grünwald Dominik , Fendt Sebastian , Spliethoff Hartmut 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The analysis of the chemical composition of biomass plays an important role in all steps of the life cycle of biomass, especially in thermal conversion processes. Electrothermal vaporization (ETV) coupled with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) is a promising approach for biomass analysis as almost no sample preparation is required, samples can be analysed quickly, and the release of elements from the sample can potentially be quantified with temperature resolution. In this work, the concentration of seven important side and trace elements is determined in beechwood, torrefied wood, wheat straw, miscanthus, and spruce bark. For comparison and validation of the ETV setup, four additional methods of analysis are applied to determine the elemental concentration. Chemical fractionation analysis (CFA) is conducted to investigate the chemical association form. In addition, microwave pressure digestion is carried out with two different acid solutions (HNO3 and HBF4). X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is performed to determine the ash composition of all samples. The spread between most of the results of the different measurement techniques is with less than 20 % well within the expected range for heterogeneous biomass samples. Large deviations, such as the sulphur concentration in the XRF analysis, can be explained by the method used. The ETV results are in very good agreement with the CFA and microwave pressure digestion results. As these methods are well established, ETV analysis has proven to be suitable for the analysis of side and trace elements in biomass.

Graphical Abstract