bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of two mixture dyes based on PVA for industrial use as gamma radiation dosimeter
Authors: Khozemy Ehab E. , El-Kelany M. A. , Goda Heba , Awad Boshra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew film dosimeters PVA/(DCP/CR) and PVA/(DCP/BPR) have been prepared through the casting method. The colorimetric properties of both films changed from violet to pink and from green to yellow with exposures to gamma rays between 0–80 and 0–40 kGy, respectively. The color response was accelerated with chloral hydrate to half of the radiation dose between 0–40 and 0–20 kGy for both systems, respectively. The UV–visible spectrophotometer shows outstanding stability of the prepared dosimetric systems. Relative humidity was studied and the response indicated that both films possess very good stability during irradiation.
Graphical abstract
SETAR-Tree: a novel and accurate tree algorithm for global time series forecasting
Authors: Godahewa Rakshitha , Webb Geoffrey I. , Schmidt Daniel , Bergmeir Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThreshold Autoregressive (TAR) models have been widely used by statisticians for non-linear time series forecasting during the past few decades, due to their simplicity and mathematical properties. On the other hand, in the forecasting community, general-purpose tree-based regression algorithms (forests, gradient-boosting) have become popular recently due to their ease of use and accuracy. In this paper, we explore the close connections between TAR models and regression trees. These enable us to use the rich methodology from the literature on TAR models to define a hierarchical TAR model as a regression tree that trains globally across series, which we call SETAR-Tree. In contrast to the general-purpose tree-based models that do not primarily focus on forecasting, and calculate averages at the leaf nodes, we introduce a new forecasting-specific tree algorithm that trains global Pooled Regression (PR) models in the leaves allowing the models to learn cross-series information and also uses some time-series-specific splitting and stopping procedures. The depth of the tree is controlled by conducting a statistical linearity test commonly employed in TAR models, as well as measuring the error reduction percentage at each node split. Thus, the proposed tree model requires minimal external hyperparameter tuning and provides competitive results under its default configuration. We also use this tree algorithm to develop a forest where the forecasts provided by a collection of diverse SETAR-Trees are combined during the forecasting process. In our evaluation on eight publicly available datasets, the proposed tree and forest models are able to achieve significantly higher accuracy than a set of state-of-the-art tree-based algorithms and forecasting benchmarks across four evaluation metrics.
Mixed Bacterial Growth in Prenatal Urine Cultures; An Investigation into Prevalence, Contributory Factors and the Impact of education-based Interventions
Authors: Kindinger Lindsay M , Linton Hannah , James Catherine P , Mallet Camille , Curtis Carmel , Macrae Bruce , David Anna L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Undiagnosed urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnancy are associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Urine microbiology cultures reported as ‘mixed bacterial growth’ (MBG) frequently present a diagnostic dilemma for healthcare providers. We investigated external factors contributing to elevated rates of (MBG) within a large tertiary maternity centre in London, UK, and assessed the efficacy of health service interventions to mitigate these.

Description
This prospective, observational study of asymptomatic pregnant women attending their first prenatal clinic appointment aimed to establish (i) the prevalence of MBG in routine prenatal urine microbiology cultures, (ii) the association between urine cultures and the duration to laboratory processing and (iii) ways in which MBG may be reduced in pregnancy. Specifically we assessed the impact of patient-clinician interaction and that of an education package on optimal urine sampling technique.

Assessment
Among 212 women observed over 6 weeks, the negative, positive and MBG urine culture rates were 66%, 10% and 2% respectively. Shorter duration from urine sample collection to laboratory arrival correlated with higher rates of negative cultures. Urine samples arriving in the laboratory within 3 hours of collection were most likely to be reported as culture negative (74%), and were least likely to be reported as MBG (21%) or culture positive (6%), compared to samples arriving > 6 hours (71%, 14% and 14% respectively; P < 0.001). A midwifery education package effectively reduced rates of MBG (37% pre-intervention vs 19% post-intervention, RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.89). Women who did not receive verbal instructions prior to providing their sample had 5-fold higher rates of MBG (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
As many as 24% of prenatal urine screening cultures are reported as MBG. Patient-midwife interaction before urine sample collection and rapid transfer of urine samples to the laboratory within 3 hours reduces the rate of MBG in prenatal urine cultures. Reinforcing this message through education may improve accuracy of test results.
Family Engagement at the Systems Level: A Framework for Action
Authors: Dworetzky Beth , Hoover Clarissa G. , Walker Deborah Klein 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile family engagement at the individual level of health care, such as families partnering with providers in decision-making about health care for an individual child has been well studied, family engagement in systems-level activities (e.g., participation in advisory and other decision-making groups, or creation and revision of policies) that impact the health services families and children receive has not. This note from the field presents a framework that describes the information and supports that help families partner with professionals and contribute to systems-level activities. Without attention to these components of family engagement, family presence and participation may be only token. We engaged an expert Family/Professional Workgroup whose members represented key constituencies and diverse geography, race/ethnicity, and areas of expertise; conducted a review of peer-reviewed publications and grey literature; and conducted a series of key informant interviews to identify best practices for supporting meaningful family engagement at the systems level. Based on an analysis of the findings, the authors identified four action-oriented domains of family engagement and key criteria that support and strengthen meaningful family engagement in systems-level initiatives. Child- and family-serving serving organizations can use this Family Engagement in Systems framework to support meaningful family engagement in the design of policies, practices, services, supports, quality improvement projects, research, and other systems-level activities.
Assessment of the disassemblability of electric bicycle motors for remanufacturing
Authors: Erdmann Julian Grosse , Koller Jan , Brimaire Jil , Döpper Frank 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn 2021, sales of electric bicycles in Germany increased compared to the previous year, leading to a 43% share of electric bicycles in the total German bicycle market. The German Bicycle Industry Association (ZIV) expects this growth to continue and that by 2025 every second bicycle sold in Germany will have an electric motor. Therefore, due to the increasing number of sales, both the built-in resources and the possible treatments after the use phase need to be considered regarding sustainable market development. In this context, remanufacturing is one promising end-of-life strategy that enables a new life cycle of products and components, thus reducing the consumption of natural resources and minimizing waste production. The used products are restored to their original conditions by disassembling, cleaning, sorting, reworking, and reassembling. Disassembly is a decisive process step as it creates the prerequisites for all further steps in the process chain and significantly determines the economic feasibility of a remanufacturing process. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the ease of disassembly of electric bicycle motors and thus determine their suitability for remanufacturing. To evaluate the disassemblability, the ease of Disassembly Metric (eDiM), a quantitative assessment method for evaluating disassembly effort, was adapted to the needs of the electric bicycle motors. The method was finally applied to five electric bicycle motors from established manufacturers and assessed their ease of disassembly. The results show that the electric bicycle motors can be disassembled without significant damage and classified as suitable for remanufacturing.
Imaging of large volume subcutaneous deposition using MRI: exploratory clinical study results
Authors: Pettis Ronald J. , Woodley Wendy D. , Ossege Kevin C. , Blum Adam , Bolick Natasha G. , Rini Christopher J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSubcutaneous (SC) delivery is a preferred route of administration for biotherapeutics but has predominantly been limited to volumes below 3 mL. With higher volume drug formulations emerging, understanding large volume SC (LVSC) depot localization, dispersion, and impact on the SC environment has become more critical. The aim of this exploratory clinical imaging study was to assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify and characterize LVSC injections and their effect on SC tissue as a function of delivery site and volume. Healthy adult subjects received incremental injections of normal saline up to 5 mL total volume in the arm and up to 10 mL in the abdomen and thigh. MRI images were acquired after each incremental SC injection. Post-image analysis was performed to correct imaging artifacts, identify depot tissue location, create 3-dimensional (3D) SC depot rendering, and estimate in vivo bolus volumes and SC tissue distention. LVSC saline depots were readily achieved, imaged using MRI, and quantified via subsequent image reconstructions. Imaging artifacts occurred under some conditions, necessitating corrections applied during image analysis. 3D renderings were created for both the depot alone and in relation to the SC tissue boundaries. LVSC depots remained predominantly within the SC tissue and expanded with increasing injection volume. Depot geometry varied across injection sites and localized physiological structure changes were observed to accommodate LVSC injection volumes. MRI is an effective means to clinically visualize LVSC depots and SC architecture allowing assessment of deposition and dispersion of injected formulations.Trial Registration: Not applicable for this exploratory clinical imaging study.Graphical Abstract
Human–coastal coupled systems: Ten questions
Authors: McNamara Dylan E. , Lazarus Eli D. , Goldstein Evan B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Given the inevitability of sea-level rise, investigating processes of human-altered coastlines at the intermediate timescales of years to decades can sometimes feel like an exercise in futility. Returning to the big picture and long view of feedbacks, emergent dynamics, and wider context, here we offer 10 existential questions for research into human–coastal coupled systems.
Impact of changing case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalization on pandemic metrics
Authors: Shappell Claire N. , Klompas Michael , Chan Christina , Chen Tom , Rhee Chanu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of commonly used case definitions for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalizations on case counts and outcomes.Design, patients, and setting:Retrospective analysis of all adults hospitalized between March 1, 2020, and March 1, 2022, at 5 Massachusetts acute-care hospitals.Interventions:We applied 6 commonly used definitions of COVID-19 hospitalization: positive severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay within 14 days of admission, PCR plus dexamethasone administration, PCR plus remdesivir, PCR plus hypoxemia, institutional COVID-19 flag, or COVID-19 International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes. Outcomes included case counts and in-hospital mortality. Overall, 100 PCR-positive cases were reviewed to determine each definition’s accuracy for distinguishing primary or contributing versus incidental COVID-19 hospitalizations.Results:Of 306,387 hospital encounters, 15,436 (5.0%) met the PCR-based definition. COVID-19 hospitalization counts varied substantially between definitions: 4,628 (1.5% of all encounters) for PCR plus dexamethasone, 5,757 (1.9%) for PCR plus remdesivir, 11,801 (3.9%) for PCR plus hypoxemia, 15,673 (5.1%) for institutional flags, and 15,868 (5.2%) for ICD-10 codes. Definitions requiring dexamethasone, hypoxemia, or remdesivir selected sicker patients compared to PCR alone (mortality rates 12.2%, 10.7%, and 8.8% vs 8.3%, respectively). Definitions requiring PCR plus remdesivir or dexamethasone did not detect a reduction in in-hospital mortality associated with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. ICD-10 codes had the highest sensitivity (98.4%) but low specificity (39.5%) for distinguishing primary or contributing versus incidental COVID-19 hospitalizations. PCR plus dexamethasone had the highest specificity (92.1%) but low sensitivity (35.5%).Conclusions:Commonly used definitions for COVID-19 hospitalizations generate variable case counts and outcomes and differentiate poorly between primary or contributing versus incidental COVID-19 hospitalizations. Surveillance definitions that better capture and delineate COVID-19–associated hospitalizations are needed.
Estimating the effect of active detection and isolation on Clostridioides difficile infections in a bone marrow transplant unit
Authors: Reagan Kelly A. , Chan David M. , Vanhoozer Ginger , Bearman Gonzalo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjective:To model the effects of active detection and isolation (ADI) regarding Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in the bone marrow transplant (BMT) unit of our hospital.Setting:ADI was implemented in a 21-patient bone marrow unit.Patients:Patients were bone marrow recipients on this unit.Interventions:We compared active ADI, in which patients who tested positive for colonization of C. difficile before their hospital stay were placed under extra contact precautions, with cases not under ADI.Results:Within the BMT unit, ADI reduced total cases of CDI by 24.5% per year and reduced hospital-acquired cases by ∼84%. The results from our simulations also suggest that ADI can save ∼$67,600 per year in healthcare costs.Conclusions:Institutions with active BMT units should consider implementing ADI.
Analyzing the Rhetoric of Supreme Court Confirmation Hearings
Authors: Truscott Jake S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSupreme Court confirmation hearings place the often-reclusive institution in the public spotlight and afford members of the Senate Judiciary Committee the ability to pursue important personal and party goals. I construct and evaluate a measure of rhetorical sentiment that considers the positive and negative behaviors of committee members during Supreme Court confirmation hearings between 1971 and 2020. While some observers have pointed to the evolving dynamics of confirmation hearings as being the result of key inflection points, I find that these events alone do not explain rhetorical behaviors. Instead, my results suggest that rhetorical behaviors have been predominately mediated by structures of party control and the balance of interbranch political power since at least the 1970s. I conclude by noting how these behaviors can further deteriorate the public’s perceptions that the Court remains insulated from the contentious political environment.
Board Interlock Tenure and Firm Internationalization
Authors: Zhu Ziyan , Deng Ziliang 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTTo overcome liabilities of foreignness and outsidership during internationalization, board interlock is an effective conduit of foreign knowledge inflows and organizational learning that firms require. We focus on the time dimension of such influence and hypothesize that the tenure of board interlocks with firms with experience in outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) in a country promotes the OFDI decision of the focal firm to that particular country. However, such an effect diminishes as the tenure of interlock ties increases. Moreover, as an alternative knowledge source, OFDI knowledge from the focal firm's neighboring region may weaken the baseline effect. Based on longitudinal data of listed firms in China, our empirical results support the hypotheses. This study enriches the literature on social network learning by identifying its temporal nature and the substitution between different knowledge sources. It also demonstrates the importance of rotating a firm's board members, so that knowledge acquisition and learning remain fresh.
Growth allometry and dental topography in Upper Triassic conodonts support trophic differentiation and molar-like element function
Authors: Kelz Valentin , Guenser Pauline , Rigo Manuel , Jarochowska Emilia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConodont elements have high rates of morphological evolution, but the drivers of this disparity are debated. Positive allometric relationships between dimensions of food-processing surfaces and entire P1 elements have been used to argue that these elements performed mechanical digestion. If involved in food processing, the surface of the element should grow at a rate proportional to the increase in energy requirements of the animal. This inference of function relies on the assumption that the energy requirements of the animal grew faster (≅ mass0.75) than the tooth area (≅ mass0.67). We reevaluate this assumption based on metabolic rates across animals and calculate the allometry in platform-bearing P1 elements of Late Triassic co-occurring taxa, Metapolygnathus communisti and Epigondolella rigoi, using 3D models of ontogenetic series. Positive allometry is found in platform and element dimensions in both species, supporting a grasping-tooth hypothesis, based on the assumption that metabolic rate in conodonts scaled with body mass similarly to that in fish and ectotherms. We also calculate the curvature of the P1 platform surface using the Dirichlet normal energy (DNE) as a proxy for diet. DNE values increase with body mass, supporting the assumption that conodont metabolic rates increased faster than mass0.67. We finally find that adults in both taxa differ in their food bases, which supports trophic diversification as an important driver of the remarkable disparity of conodont elements.
Spatial distributions of Tribrachidium, Rugoconites, and Obamus from the Ediacara Member (Rawnsley Quartzite), South Australia
Authors: Boan Phillip C. , Evans Scott D. , Hall Christine M. S. , Droser Mary L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe spatial distribution of in situ sessile organisms, including those from the fossil record, provides information about life histories, such as possible dispersal and/or settlement mechanisms, and how taxa interact with one another and their local environments. At Nilpena Ediacara National Park (NENP), South Australia, the exquisite preservation and excavation of 33 fossiliferous bedding planes from the Ediacara Member of the Rawnsley Quartzite reveals in situ communities of the Ediacara Biota. Here, the spatial distributions of three relatively common taxa, Tribrachidium, Rugoconites, and Obamus, occurring on excavated surfaces were analyzed using spatial point pattern analysis. Tribrachidium have a variable spatial distribution, implying that settlement or post-settlement conditions/preferences had an effect on populations. Rugoconites display aggregation, possibly related to their reproductive methods in combination with settlement location availability at the time of dispersal and/or settlement. Additionally, post-settlement environmental controls could have affected Rugoconites on other surfaces, resulting in lower populations and densities. Both Tribrachidium and Rugoconites also commonly occur as individuals or in low numbers on a number of beds, thus constraining possible reproductive strategies and environmental/substrate preferences. The distribution of Obamus is consistent with selective settlement, aggregating near conspecifics and on substrates of mature microbial mat. This dispersal process is the first example of substrate-selective dispersal among the Ediacara Biota, thus making Obamus similar to numerous modern sessile invertebrates with similar dispersal and settlement strategies.
COMPARABILITY OF RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON OF SEAWATER PRODUCED AT ETH-ZURICH
Authors: Castrillejo Maxi , Hansman Roberta L , Graven Heather D , Lester Joanna G , Bollhalder Silvia , Kündig Kayley , Wacker Lukas 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon observations (Δ14C) in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of seawater provide useful information about ocean carbon cycling and ocean circulation. To deliver high-quality observations, the Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics (LIP) at ETH-Zurich developed a new simplified method allowing the rapid analysis of radiocarbon in DIC of small seawater samples, which is continually assessed by following internal quality controls. However, a comparison with externally produced 14C measurements to better establish an equivalency between methods was still missing. Here, we make the first intercomparison with the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility based on 14 duplicate seawater samples collected in 2020. We also compare with prior deep-water observations from the 1970s to 1990s. The results show a very good agreement in both comparisons. The mean Δ14C of 12 duplicate samples measured by LIP and NOSAMS were statistically identical within one sigma uncertainty while two other duplicate samples agreed within two sigma. Based on this small number of duplicate samples, LIP values appear to be slightly lower than the NOSAMS values, but more measurements will be needed for confirmation. We also comment on storage and preservation techniques used in this study, including the freezing of samples collected in foil bags.