bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cost analysis study to estimate the cost spent by the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, Ghaziabad, for treatment of substance use disorders for a defined study population
Authors: Sivaraman S. , Harsvardhan Rajesh , Ambekar Atul , Lal Rakesh , Alvi Saima , Shukla Anusha 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Cost analysis can help hospital administrators and policymakers to determine how well their institution meets this public need. As financial management technique, cost analysis helps to furnish the necessary data for making a more informed decision on operations and infrastructure investments. Keeping this in mind, a study aims to estimate the cost spent by the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre (NDDTC), Ghaziabad, for the treatment of substance use disorders for a defined study population was conducted.

Methodology:
A descriptive observational study was conducted in the Outpatient Department (OPD) of NDDTC on Male, heroin-dependent patients seeking treatment from NDDTC OPD, Ghaziabad. The data were processed using SPSS software version 15.0.

Results:
NDDTC spent about Rs. 89379403 in the fiscal year 2008–2009 on treatment services. In the same year, NDDTC provided OPD treatment to about 5109 patients.

Conclusion:
This study successfully demonstrated that: The total expenditure of a tertiary care apex center like NDDTC, appears at first glance to be very high; however on projecting it to per patient per day, the total expenditure was just Rs. 47.59/per day.
Sverdlovsk Union of Soviet Artists in 1934–1935
Authors: Айнутдинов А.С. 
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматривается реформирование Оргбюро Уральского Союза советских художников в Свердловский Союз советских художников. С помощью историко-генетического метода описывается изменение его организационной структуры и кадрового состава. Кроме этого, опираясь на системный метод, автор продемонстрировал зависимость событий внутри союза от общественно-политических и культурных мероприятий и процессов, происходивших в СССР в период 1934–1935 годов, среди которых главное место занимали убийство С.М. Кирова и «Кремлевское дело». С использованием биографического метода в статье также дано краткое описание жизни Николая Александровича Виницкого, второго председателя творческой организации художников в Свердловске. Все архивные источники, использовавшиеся для выполнения этих задач, вводятся в научный оборот впервые.
The article discusses the reformation of the Organizing Bureau of the Ural Union of Soviet Artists into the Sverdlovsk Union of Soviet Artists. The historical-genetic method made it possible to describe the change in its organizational structure and staffing. Also, the author, relying on a systematic method, demonstrated the dependence of the internal events of the Union on socio-political and cultural events and processes in the USSR in 1934–1935, the most significant of which was the murder of S.M. Kirov and the “Kremlin Affair”. Using the biographical method, the article also gives a brief description of the life of Nikolai Alexandrovich Vinitsky, the second chairman of the creative organization of artists in Sverdlovsk. All archival sources used to conduct this study on the history of the art of the Urals are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Images of Italy in the landscapes of Leningrad school of painting in the second half of the 20th century
Authors: Горкина А.В. 
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматривается петербургская академическая пейзажная живопись второй половины XX столетия. Автор использует материалы научного и фотоархивов Российской академии художеств, а также Российского государственного архива литературы и искусства. Изучается послевоенный период, когда возобновлению и развитию традиционных связей русских и итальянских художников способствовали выдающиеся мастера, выпускники и преподаватели Института живописи, скульптуры и архитектуры имени И.Е. Репина — Андрей Андреевич Мыльников, Пётр Тимофеевич Фомин и Юрий Михайлович Непринцев. Устанавливается влияние культурного наследия Италии на пейзажное творчество этих мастеров. Рассматриваются как стилистические, так и технические подходы в передаче образов Апеннинского полуострова. Освещаются поездки ленинградских художников в Италию, среди которых — посещение творческой базы Академии художеств СССР в Риме, творческие командировки от АХ СССР и от Союза художников, персональная выставка А.А. Мыльникова в Венеции. Также изучаются впечатления мастеров и выявляются их творческие связи. Подчеркивается значение культурного диалога между Италией и СССР, анализируется роль пленэрной и этюдной живописи для развития пейзажного жанра в ленинградском академическом изобразительном искусстве.
The focus of the article is Petersburg academic landscape painting of the second half of the 20th century. The author is based on the materials of the scientific archive of the Russian Academy of Arts and the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, as well as on the illustrative base of the photo archive of the Russian Academy of Arts. The author studies the post-war period, when the resumption and development of traditional contacts between Russian and Italian artists were promoted by outstanding masters, graduates and teachers of the Repin Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Among them were such artists as A.A. Mylnikov, P.T. Fomin and Y.M. Neprintsev. The study reveals the influence of the cultural heritage of Italy on the landscape art of these masters. Various stylistic and technical approaches to the transfer of images of the Apennines are considered. Key points in this context are the trips of Leningrad artists to Italy, their impressions of this country and established connections. These are events such as visits to the creative base of the USSR Academy of Arts in Rome, creative business trips from the USSR Academy of Arts and the Union of Artists, as well as a personal exhibition of A.A. Mylnikov in Venice. The author emphasizes the importance of cultural dialogue between Italy and the USSR, the role of plein air and sketch painting.
Analisis Ekuitas Merek Susu Kental Manis di Kota Makassar
Authors: R St Aisyah , Mustafa Ramlan , Zubair Hippy Mohammad , Puspita Sari Dewi 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesadaran merek, asosiasi merek, persepsi kualitas dan loyalitas merek susu kental manis di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 responden dari lima lokasi diantaranya tiga pasar modern dan dua pasar tradisional di Kota Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari responden berdasarkan indikator kunci ekuitas merek yaitu kesadaran merek, asosiasi merek, persepsi kualitas dan loyalitas merek. Penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan persentase (kesadaran merek), uji cochran (asosiasi merek), importance performance analisis (persepsi kualitas) dan metode rangking order (loyalitas merek). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan merek Frisian Flag yang paling diingat oleh konsumen (kesadaran merek); harga terjangkau, merek terkenal, tingkat kekentalan pas, kualitas produk tinggi, rasanya enak, info produknya lengkap, praktis, kemasan menarik, ukuran kemasannya bervariasi, promosi dan iklannya menarik dan mudah diperoleh merupakan asosiasi pembentuk brand image dan merek Frisian Flag lebih baik dibanding merek lainnya dalam pengukuran persepsi kualitas dan loyalitas merek.
Subtitusi Konsentrat dengan Daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) Pada Ransum Sapi Potong Secara In Vitro terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Organik
Authors: Ifani Merryafinola , Wijayanti Dwi , Rimbawanto Efka Aris , Hartoyo Bambang 
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi konsentrat dengan daun Gamal (Gliricidia sepium) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organic secara in vitro dengan pakan basal jerami padi dengan rasio konsentrat dan jerami padi 60:40%. Materi yang digunakan dalam percobaan in vitro adalah cairan rumen berasal dari tiga sapi potong di Rumah Potong Hewan Bantarwuni yang pakan basalnya jerami padi, Kecamatan Kembaran, Kabupaten Banyumas. Daun Gamal berumur satu tahun dan dipanen umur 60 hari berasal dari Kebumen, jerami padi varietas Umbul-umbul dan konsentrat. Perlakuan terdiri dari T0: hijauan 40%+konsentrat 60%, T1: hijauan 40%+konsentrat 40%+ daun Gamal 20%, T2: hijauan 40%+konsentrat 20%+ daun Gamal 40%, T3: hijauan 40%+ daun Gamal 60%. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro mengunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Variabel terikat yang diukur adalah kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa meningkatnya daun Gamal menggantikan konsentrat pada ransum sapi potong dapat meningkatkan (P< 0,05) kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik. Rata-rata kecernaan bahan kering T0 (72,26%) T1 (79,03%) T2 (85,88%) T3 (86,43%) dan kecernaan bahan organik T0 (80,49%) T1 (85,30%) T2 (87,21%) T3 (94,51%). Hasil uji lanjut Dunnet menunjukan perlakuan T3 merupakan hasil terbaik, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa daun Gamal dapat menggantikan penggunaan konsentrat sebesar 60%.
Cooking PaPa: An Online Application Helps Removing the Barrier Between Modern Generation and Cooking
Authors: Khan Mohd Tauheed , Hoang Trang , Nguyen Vuong , Truong Tuan , Nguyen Tuan 
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increased interest in home-cooked meals as people have had more time for themselves and their families. Cooking at home is considered safer and has resulted in a significant rise in the number of people preparing their own food. Only 7.0 percent cooked less frequently during the lockdown, while 42.0 percent cooked more frequently. Women were particularly affected by this trend. More time was spent on meal preparation, trying new recipes, and baking among those who cooked more often. The consumption of comfort foods like sweets and salty snacks has seen a notable increase, with a significant percentage of respondents reporting increased snacking. Unfortunately, this change in eating habits, combined with reduced physical activity, has raised concerns about weight gain. To address the growing interest in home cooking and the need for new recipes and balanced meals, the idea for a cooking app called “Cooking Papa” has been proposed. This app aims to simplify home-cooked meals by providing clear instructions and encouraging users to explore new dishes in its database. The definition of cooking varies among individuals, and terms like homemade, convenience, proper cooking, cook, basic ingredients, and ready prepared are not universally understood. Cooking is seen as a complex concept, influenced by factors like heat, fresh ingredients, and convenience meals. While convenience foods are popular, scratch cooking is highly valued. Lack of time and cost are major obstacles, and effective meal planning and organization are essential. Disruptive events like the pandemic can change people’s perspectives on cooking. Most individuals tend to remain in their current state, with some shifting towards more positive or negative views on shopping and cooking. Those most impacted by the pandemic are at a higher risk of transitioning between states. Overall, the pandemic has prompted some individuals to rediscover their love for home cooking and home-cooked meals.

Received: 4 January 2023 | Revised: 14 March 2023 | Accepted: 14 March 2023

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
Upaya Peningkatan Penjualan pada UMKM Tahu Sumedang Putri Deli Medan melalui Kemasan Ramah Lingkungan dan Strategi Digital Marketing
Authors: Pasaribu Martha KN , Larasati Adinda Nadira , Siahaan Daniel Fernando , Manik Berliana 
Published: March 2023

Usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) adalah pelaku utama perekonomian Indonesia yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, menyerap tenaga kerja, dan menyejahterakan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, UMKM harus terus didukung dan dikembangkan. Salah satu pendekatan strategis yang dapat diambil oleh para pemilik UMKM adalah membuat konsep kemasan ramah lingkungan dan terlibat dalam pengembangan pemasaran produk melalui digital marketing. Hal ini menjadi fokus yang menarik bagi kami dalam melakukan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat untuk membantu pelaku usaha UMKM Tahu Sumedang Putri Seli Medan dalam rangka meningkatkan penjualan melalui penerapan laporan keuangan berbasis digital dan penerapan kemasan ramah lingkungan dan melalui digital marketing. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Sasaran program adalah pemilik dan karyawan UMKM Tahu Sumedang Putri Deli Medan yang beralamat di Perumnas Putri Deli, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Program yang dilakukan meliputi: 1). Tahap Survey lapangan, 2) Memberikan penyuluhan tentang kemasan ramah lingkungan dan penerapan strategi marketing melalui digital marketing, 3) Membuka jaringan pasar dengan membuat kegiatan promosi untuk meningkatkan penjualan. Kesimpulan hasil akhir kegiatan ini menunjukkan, penggunaan kemasan ramah lingkungan sangat membantu pelaku UMKM Tahu Sumedang Putri Deli Medan dalam mengembangkan nilai jual produknya menjadi lebih menarik perhatian pelanggan dengan penggunaan besek yang terbuat dari anyaman bambu/rotan dan membantu desain juga cetak stiker brand di kemasan, juga terbentuknya jaringan pasar yang lebih luas melalui kegiatan promosi yang dilakukan melalui digital marketing, juga para pelaku UMKM mendapatkan peningkatan kemampuan dalam melakukan promosi serta pemahaman akan strategi marketing.
Directed evolution of AAV capsids for improved efficacy and specificity of delivery to preclinical models of human liver
Authors: Kwiatek Magdalena , Michalski Aleksander , Abramowicz Karolina , Rutyna Paweł , Wasiak Magdalena , Reichert Michał , Lisowski Leszek 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and objectiveRecombinant vectors derived from adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) are the leading platform in human gene therapy applications, with high-profile examples targeting diseases of the central nervous system, eye and liver. The liver, quite likely a natural host organ for wild type AAV2, is a particularly attractive target for the development of AAV-mediated gene therapies. Despite large number of AAV variants current at various stages of development as carriers of liver therapeutics, thus far no liver-directed AAV-based therapy has obtained market authorization. Strong preclinical data is the cornerstone of any translational program, and while AAV bioengineering is commonly applied to try to develop novel human-tropic vectors for clinical applications, due to species-to-species differences, dedicated vectors to support preclinical work may need to be developed. Here we applied AAV directed evolution and <i>in vitro</i> selection to identify AAV capsids that target human liver cells <i>in vitro</i>.Material and methodsUsing DNA shuffling technology, we have generated a capsid gene library based on natural parental serotypes (AAV1 through AAV12). Shuffled capsid library was selected in a preclinical model of human liver.ResultsThe AAV variants enriched based on their improved efficiency of transduction of a human hepatocyte cell line were vectorized and subsequently functionally characterized on human cell lines. This directed evolution method enabled us to select novel AAV variant, AAV-CH4.2. While the selected variant did not exceed the parental serotype in terms of transduction efficiency, it was substantially more efficient at packaging than its closest homolog, serotypes AAV6.ConclusionsBased on its strong transduction profile and manufacturability, we believe that AAV-CH4.2 is a strong candidate for further evaluation and as a potential novel gene therapy vector for preclinical studies in human liver applications.
Analysis of Implementation the National Health Insurance Program Related to Health Services Based on Resources Aspects in Konawe District
Authors: Hasrin Muhammad , Kamalia La Ode , Harun Azis 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The Konawe Regency Government has unilaterally terminated the cooperation program with the Social Security Administrator which has been covering health insurance for the poor in Konawe. The Konawe local government has stopped paying premiums to the Health Insurance Agency for the Konawe community with Family Card holders and the health insurance status of family card holders is unclear until now and Family Card participants are no longer able to use family cards to get health insurance either at the health center or other health facilities. Based on this, the researcher wants to analyze the implementation of the National Health Insurance Program related to health services based on the aspect of resources in Konawe Regency.
Method: Types of research is qualitative research using a case study approach. In this study, the researcher acts as the main research instrument. Key informants and regular informants as supporting instruments totaling 12 people.
Result: In the interview, it was stated that based on our workload analysis, it was sufficient, including the existing health workers, namely 2 (two) general practitioners, 1 (one) dentist, 40 (forty) nurses, 30 (thirty) midwives, 2 (two) analysts people and 15 (fifteen) public health workers.
Conclusion: The availability of health workers in 5 (five) public health center is not sufficient. Of the five health centers that became the object of research, there is still one health center that does not yet have a general practitioner.
Review Artikel: Pati pada Berbagai Sumber Tanaman
Authors: Harni Mimi , Anggraini Tuty , Rini Rini , Suliansyah Irfan 
Published: March 2023

Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap produk impor terutama tepung terigu semakin tinggi dari tahun ke tahun. Hal ini menjadi pertimbangan untuk mencari jalan keluar dari permasalahan ini karena Indonesia sendiri mempunyai potensi berupa umbi, serealia dan beberapa kacang-kacangan yang merupakan sumber karbohidrat berupa pati dan diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunaan terigu. Pati pada masing-masing tanaman berbeda jumlahnya dan dipengaruhi oleh komposisi yang ada pada pati tersebut. Komposisi yang ada pati juga mempengaruhi ekstraksi yang dilakukan. Pati dari umbi-umbian lebih mudah untuk diekstrak walaupun hanya menggunakan air. Hal ini terjadi karena rendahnya kandungan protein dan lipid yang terdapat pada umbi sedangkan pada serealia dan beberapa kacang-kacangan hal ini lebih sulit dilakukan karena kandungan protein dan lipid lebih tinggi. Ekstraksi yang disarankan pada ekstraksi serealia dan beberapa kacang-kacangan adalah menggunakan alkali karena dapat menghilangkan pati pada permukaan sehingga menghasilkan pati yang lebih murni. Satu hal yang harus menjadi pertimbangan dalam melakukan ekstraksi pilihlah metode yang ramah lingkungan agar tidak menimbulkan kerusakan.Metode yang dapat dilakuan untuk menghasilkan pati ada 3 jenis yaitu metode ekstraksi dengan air, ekstraksi dengan alkali dan ekstraksi dengan enzim.
Entrepreneurship Intention of Students of the Faculty of Economics, Universitas Efarina Pematang Siantar
Authors: Ben Setiawan  , Diana Florenta Butar-Butar  , Suwita  
Published: March 2023

In study This there are 2 variables that is variable independent (X), and variable short (Y). Study This aim for test intention student in entrepreneurship at the Faculty of Economics at Efarina University ripening. Based on the total sample is 20 respondents, total sample made based on amount respondent that is as many as 20 respondents. In study This using the primary data obtained from deployment questionnaire. Amount distributed questionnaires as many as 20 copies and who can back and processed of 20 copies . From the results the can be concluded, development intention entrepreneurship in the faculty Efarina University of Economics is very influential in reduce level unemployed educated especially at efarina university.
Evaluation of surface roughness of resin materials with different contents
Authors: Servi Turan , Kölüş Türkay 
Published: March 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the roughness level of the surfaces of polymerized temporary acrylic resin, standard 3D resin, temporary 3D resin materials with polished and unpolished conditions.
Methodology: Thirty samples of 1 cm diameter and 5 mm height cylinders of temporary 3D resin (Alias C & B Temp, Dokuz Kimya, İstanbul, Türkiye) and standard 3D resin (Alias Sharp & Rigid, Dokuz Kimya, Dokuz Kimya, İstanbul, Türkiye) were produced with 3D printer (Photon Mono X, Anycubic). Residual resins were cleaned in Wash & Cure Plus (Anycubic) device using isopropyl alcohol and kept under UV light for 10 minutes in the same device to fully polymerize. Self-curing temporary acrylic resin (Imident, Imicryl, Konya, Türkiye) was prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions and 30 samples were prepared by transferring them to moulds of the same size. Half of the samples in each material were polished for 90 seconds with the same dentist using polishing paste (Universal Polishing Paste, Ivoclar Vivadent) (n=15). The surface of each sample was measured three times with a 120˚ angle difference using a profilometer (SJ-201, Mitutoyo, Kanagawa, Japan) and the average was taken. Levene test, t test, two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. A p-value less than 0.05 was accepted for statistical significance.
Results: Roughness values 1.9173±0.25078 Ra in the Unpolished Temporary 3D Resin group, 0.2807±0.13317 Ra in the Polished Temporary 3D Resin group, 0.7760±0.17175 Ra in the Unpolished Standard 3B Resin group, 0 in the Polished Standard 3D Resin group It was found to be 0.1887±0.08340 Ra, 2.4827±0.79651 Ra in the Unpolished Cold Acryl group, and 0.6307±0.22118 Ra in the Polished Cold Acryl group.
Conclusion: The roughness of 3D printed materials is lower than that of conventional temporary acrylic resin and polishing significantly reduced roughness in all groups.

How to cite this article:
Servi T, Kölüş T. Evaluation of surface roughness of resin materials with different contents. Int Dent Res 2022;12(Suppl.1):120-3 https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.474

Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
Losses in road cargo transportation: a case study
Authors: Billig Osvaldo Alencar , Shih Melissa , Aguero Segovia Elias Daniel , Souza Larissa Karpsak , Homem Pedro Gabriel Macedo 
Published: March 2023

The logistics area with the largest representation is the road modal, and cargo transport operations by this modal are prone to losses in their processes, causing setbacks in the agility of movements, customer reliability, increased costs, reduced profits, among others. The optimization of operational processes is a constant in organizations. The research is a case study with a qualitative, exploratory approach, whose objective was to understand the losses in road cargo transportation, in the light of the conceptual theory of the Toyota Production System. The results of the study pointed to the clear rupture in the communication between headquarters and branches, the management of processes in an efficient and effective way between units, and the losses due to breakdowns, misjudgments, and misplacement of goods.
Biologi Radiasi: Dasar-dasar dan Aplikasi
Authors: Mukh Syaifudin  
Published: March 2023

Buku ini termasuk bagian dari upaya mendiseminasikan perihal pengertian radiasi, bagaimana radiasi berinteraksi dengan materi dan hasil-hasil riset lain dalam bidang khusus yang disebut biologi radiasi. Menilik dari cakupan buku ini, maka bagi pembaca yang ingin mengetahui tentang elemen dasar radiasi, buku ini memberikan informasi yang sangat baik tentang apa itu radiasi, dosis radiasi, bagaimana pengukuran, dan perhitungan dosis radiasi serta efeknya pada manusia. Di sisi lain, bagi mahasiswa dan praktisi yang belajar dan bergelut dengan bidang biologi radiasi, buku ini juga memberikan uraian dan pembahasan tentang riset terkait aplikasi di bidang medis dilengkapi dengan status terkini.