bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEP 2020 and Evolution of Holistic Individual
Authors: Saxena Preeti 
Published: April 2023

The chapter 11 of NEP 2020, states ‘Towards a More Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education’.
In this VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous) world, nothing can be preplanned but being proactive for different situations can help make a better world of tomorrow. For this, an individual should be economically independent, he should be composed of humanistic, ethical, constitutional and universal human values of truth, righteous conduct, peace, love, non-violence, scientific temper, citizenship values and also life- skills; lessons of seva/service and participation in community service programmes should be made compulsory for him.
Efforts are made always to make a schematic representation of a model to implement for the attainment of holistic individual where the start of the day is with the meditation and physical exercise. The time for academics is the University hours where apart from the academics, certain soft skills like communication, debates, discussion will be made compulsory for each course. Rigorous specialization for the chosen field will be followed. Compulsory physical work for developing the dignity of labour will be incorporated. Work experience course should be introduced to make understand the practical knowledge of the subject. Opportunities will be provided to the students to pursue internships with the local industry, businesses, artists, crafts persons, etc. as well as research internships with faculty and researchers at their own, of a defined duration.
Further, A university is required so that human beings are nurtured in such a way where all round development is being taking place with value based education. It should be model to make the policy perspectives to be viewed with one’s eyes and easy to understand.
For the evolution of a holistic individual, a holistic model is necessary where it takes into account all the relevant ideas mentioned in the said policy.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Oxygen Therapy among Health Care Professionals
Authors: Areej . , Rehman Iqra , Yousaf Ruhamah , Aslam Sonia , Naeem Usra , Waheed Muhammad Awais , Naeem Ali 
Published: April 2023

Oxygen is one of the most critical component of life. Objective: To access the knowledge attitude and practice regarding oxygen therapy among health care professionals. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted using purposive sampling technique. A structured questionnaire from literature was used to collect the data. Responses of the participants as good/bad knowledge, positive/negative attitude, and good/bad practice were recorded. The data was collected from Services Hospital Lahore of 140 healthcare professionals. The doctors, RTs, and nurses available at the workplace were included in the study. Results: The mean age and standard deviation is 27.09 ± 4.184. There were 61 males representing 43.6% of total population and there were 79 female participants which representing 56.4% of total population. There are 76 doctors which were 54.3% of population, 40 nurses which were 28.6% and 24 respiratory therapists of 17.1% of total population. Our study shows that 77.9% population had good knowledge and remaining 22.1% population had no knowledge, 82.9% population had positive attitude and remaining 17.1% population had negative attitude. And out of 140 participants, 92.9% population had good practice and remaining 7.1% population had bad practice regarding oxygen therapy. Conclusions: The study concluded that majority of the studied participant had good level of knowledge about oxygen therapy and adequate level of practice of oxygen therapy but a significant number of participants had average level of knowledge about oxygen therapy and practice of oxygen therapy. Therefore, regular training of healthcare workers should be encouraged to update their knowledge and practice of oxygen therapy.
Prevalence of Transmissible Infectious Diseases among Healthy Blood Donors in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Raza Syed , Bajwa Hassan , Javaid Hina , Anwar Rafia , Hashim Muhammad , Saleem Kamran 
Published: April 2023

Blood transfusions are necessary due to the increased incidence of blood diseases and an increase in automobile accidents. In healthcare systems with limited resources, the provision of safe blood products is hampered by transfusion-transmitted diseases (TTIs), such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and malaria. Objective: To determine how common TTIs are among blood donors in Faisalabad. Methods: Immuno-chromatographic technique (ICT) kits and thick film (malaria) screening were used to test donors for HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, and malaria. Results: Among 1500 donors, prevalence of HCV was highest (n=106), followed by HBV (n=42), syphilis (n=11), and malaria (n=3). One positive case was reported as HIV. Between the ages of 21 and 40, donors who tested positive were more prevalent. Conclusions: By more carefully evaluating and screening each donor before selecting them for blood donation, safe blood transfusions can both increase recipient safety and reduce the spread of TTIs.
Frequency Of CRP Levels In Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Aslam Kamran , Khan Erum , Malik Zeeshan , Ali Asfandiar , Nawaz khan Aamir , Fatima Fnu , Hyder Khan Qamer , Hasan Mohammad 
Published: April 2023

Myocardial necrosis is thought to be the etiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and elevated CRP levels in the first 12 hours after an intervention is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular recurrence and death. Objectives: To evaluate if CRP has any predictive value in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in ACS patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study at Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre from Oct 2021 to March 2022. 117 patients of both gender aged between 40 to 80 years, presenting with chest pain were included in the study. Data were analyzed on SPSS Version 25. Chi-square was used to compare the outcomes of both groups. The age and gender were stratified to control the effect modifiers. The p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: There were a total of 117 patients enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 63 (53.85%) males, and 79 (67.52%) were above 60 years of age. There were 90(76.92%) patients who had a raised CRP level, and 78 (66.67%) had a duration of ACS > 12 hours. Differences between the duration of elevated CRP and non-elevated CRP were statistically significant (p-value = 0.013). Conclusions: CRP levels may be indicative of suspected acute coronary syndrome. Physicians can identify such patients and provide them with more intensive health care and cardiac management. Resources are scarce in the developing world. Having such tools that are more economical can help with the diagnosis and provide better care.
Prevalence of Post Recovery Symptoms among Recovered Cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan
Authors: Kamran Khan Kashif , Shahzadi Amber 
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 has taken the world by surprise in terms of healthcare readiness and impact on daily life. Existing literature regarding the patient's health status following COVID-19 infection is scant. Objective: To analyze the current status of post-recovery symptoms among COVID-19 recovered patients in Pakistan. Methods: It is a descriptive web-based cross-sectional study. Data were gathered by using a Google form by sharing anonymous online questionnaire, comprised of both open and close ended questions. Then interpreted, and presented using tables and graphs using descriptive statistics through IBM SPSS 26. Results: Shortness of breath (27%) followed by fatigue (23.5%) seen to be more common symptoms still prevailing in the population. 69.2% of the population had no evidence of comorbidity but are still experiencing post COVID symptoms. Few cases reported experiencing insomnia and tooth sensitivity - 11% and 12% respectively. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that COVID-19 patients should be worried about their health even after they get better. A thorough analysis should be done to improve the health of people who have gotten better but are still dealing with long-term problems. Even though it's a new virus and research is still being done, it needs to be treated with care.
Emotional Recognition of Children With Down Syndrome and Normally Developing Children: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Khalid Sahrish , Noreen Hafsa , Yaqoob Saba , Malik Shumaila , Irum Aleena , Iqra . 
Published: April 2023

Psychologists have tried to explain emotions since centuries ago they have tried to identify different types of emotions. Emotions are basically mental experiences that can lead to pleasant or unpleasant moods. Emotions influence our perception and social communication. For Down Syndrome being social can also be determined by emotional recognition. It plays an important role for social interaction which is recognized by emotions and helps them to regulate it for social interaction. Basic emotions which are included in this study are happiness, sadness, and aggressive facial expressions. Objective: To determine the level of emotional regulation through emotional recognition by facial expressions in down syndrome compared to normally developing children. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Emotional Recognition Questionnaire Version 7-6/2012 was used. Data on children with down syndrome were collected from special education centres of Lahore and data on normally developing children was collected from the private schools by using standardized tools. The total sample size was 384 calculated by using an online calculator. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: The results showed that people with down syndrome were good at identifying emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and worry when compared with normally developing children. Their ability to recognize facial expressions helps down syndrome children for socialization. Conclusions: It was concluded that children with down syndrome can recognize and regulate emotions and emotion of happiness is more easily recognized than the other emotions when it was compared to normally developing children.
Challenges Faced by Speech Language Pathologists as Entrepreneurs: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Jamali Elaha , Kiyani Humaira Shamim 
Published: April 2023

Speech language pathology is a new profession in Pakistan. With cultural & linguistic variations, SLP entrepreneurship in Pakistan needs to be augmented to reach the needy as well as economic growth of the country, hence challenges need to be identified. Objectives: To determine the challenges faced by Speech Language Pathologists in becoming entrepreneur. Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted at Riphah International University, Islamabad from April 2019 to Sept. 2019. Study recruited N=15 speech language pathologists of both genders, aged 25-50 years, running their own private clinics using purposive sampling. Individual interviews were conducted using interview guide with 11 structured interview questions. Audio recording and note taking methods were used for data collection. Data was transcribed and thematic analysis done manually & verified. Results: Study with a sample of N=15 Speech Language Pathologists mostly 11(73.33%) highly qualified females with most 14(93.33%) with master’s degree & 10(66.67%) with < 10 years’ experience came up with an array of rich data. Thematic analysis revealed the outcome themes in descending order with a frequency 45 for Infrastructure, 32 for Professionalism, 27 for Recruit, 26 for Inclination, 23 for Unity, 22 for Legislation, 21 for Self-regulation, 20 for Wealth, 17 for Determination, 11 for Optimism & Matriarchy each, 10 for Expertise, 8 for Customers, 8 for Obstacles and 2 for Ethics. Conclusion: The five most common and eminent issues/ themes faced by Speech therapists as an entrepreneur in descending order of their frequency include infrastructure, professionalism, recruit, inclination, & unity.
DESCARTE RESPONSÁVEL: UMA REFLEXÃO CRÍTICA A PARTIR DOS CONTENTORES DE DEPÓSITO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NA ESPANHA
Authors: Arruda Beatriz Martins , Bezerra Rebecca Lorenzetti , Rutkowski Emília Wanda , Freiria Rafael Costa 
Published: April 2023

A destinação responsável de resíduos e rejeitos, evitando que se encaminhem para os corpos d'água e oceanos, é uma medida de controle da poluição dos ecossistemas aquáticos e de proteção da biodiversidade. Faz-se necessário fomentar o descarte responsável, além de promover iniciativas que colaborem para a não geração e a redução de resíduos nos diversos ambientes da sociedade, contribuindo com um processo de sensibilização ambiental fundamental para garantir a segregação, o tratamento e a disposição final ambientalmente adequada. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetiva apresentar os contentores de depósito de resíduos sólidos como elementos de sensibilização em espaços públicos. A pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, reúne evidências primárias e secundárias das cidades espanholas Barcelona e Hernani. Discute-se as possibilidades dos contentores de depósito de resíduos sólidos exercerem um papel socioambiental de forma a agregar valor à sua dimensão física, refletindo sobre o valor cultural de sua inserção como objeto da rede técnica de resíduos sólidos. Espera-se contribuir para a ampliação e qualificação do debate interdisciplinar acerca da gestão dos resíduos em espaços públicos, evidenciando o descarte como parte do processo de sensibilização para prevenir riscos de contaminação associados à segregação incorreta e/ou ao uso inadequado dos elementos de suporte disponíveis no meio urbano.
Programa de Actividades Ecológicas Extracurriculares Para La Conservación Del Medio Ambiente de la Ciudad de Chimbote
Authors: Romero Usquiano Rogger Armando 
Published: April 2023

Chimbote es una de las ciudades del Perú con el más alto índice de contaminación ambiental, debido a las fábricas pesqueras que producen harina y aceite de pescado de manera indiscriminada; dos motivos hacen mucho más grave la situación: uno porque el humo es emitido a muy bajas alturas y dos porque sus desechos son arrojados al mar sin ningún tratamiento ni consideración. En este sentido, la contaminación, genera deterioro en la salud de los pobladores, problemas cardiovasculares, conjuntivitis, enfermedades bronquiales, cáncer pulmonar, cáncer en la piel, problemas de visión, enfermedades en la sangre, problemas en el desarrollo mental de los nonatos, entre otros; del mismo modo tiene grandes repercusiones en el proceso evolutivo de las plantas, impidiendo en muchos casos la fotosíntesis, con graves consecuencias para la purificación del aire que respiran los demás seres vivos del planeta; la acumulación de estos gases en la atmósfera y los desechos generan los ya conocidos problemas ambientales con sus particulares consecuencias en cada caso, como el smog, la lluvia ácida, la disminución de la capa de ozono, el recalentamiento global, el efecto invernadero, etc.., con los años de profesional vividos por el investigador se vio motivado a investigar científicamente esta dolorosa realidad y desde el punto de vista pedagógico didáctico proponer alguna solución. El problema lo formuló de la siguiente manera: se evidencia, en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes del 3er Grado de Secundaria la Institución educativa experimental de la Universidad del Santa ausencia de contenidos que orienten la conservación del medio ambiente de la ciudad de Chimbote. Esto se manifiesta en la falta de conocimientos, actitudes y compromisos ecológicos tanto de los estudiantes, sus familiares y la colectividad en general; lo que trae como consecuencias, insensibilidad, falta de consciencia y por lo tanto aumento de la contaminación ambiental y propone como una solución alternativa el diseño, fundamentación y propuesta de un Programa de actividades ecológicas extracurriculares sustentado en las teorías actualizadas en los Congresos Internacionales sobre el Ambiente en el Planeta dirigido a los estudiantes, familiares y colectividad en general, opción que se encuentra, hoy, en la consideración del honorable Jurado.
Modelo algorítmico, sustentado en el enfoque de la transdisciplinariedad, para el desarrollo de la lectura crítica en los estudiantes de 1er. Año de educación secundaria de la I. E. “José Quiñonez González” de Oyotún, Chiclayo
Authors: Ugaz Fernández Karla Giuliana 
Published: April 2023

La tesis desarrolla, describe y explica la propuesta teórica de un Modelo Algorítmico, sustentado en el enfoque de la transdisciplinariedad, para el desarrollo de la lectura crítica en los estudiantes de 1er. año de educación secundaria de la I. E. “José Quiñonez González” de la ciudad de Oyotún, en la provincia de Chiclayo.
Ha observado en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes deficiencias en el desarrollo de la lectura crítica; manifestado en las limitaciones que presentan en la comprensión textual, relacional, enunciativa, valorativa y sociocultural de la lectura y que trae como consecuencias dificultades para contextualizar la información, el entendimiento holístico-holográfico de los hechos y la valoración necesaria de lo que lee en el aula, el hogar y la comunidad en general.
Para conseguir los propósitos de la investigación, metodológicamente se propuso analizar e interpretar los niveles de deficiencias alcanzados por los mencionados estudiantes en el desarrollo de la lectura crítica mediante el estudio de los indicadores que presentan las limitaciones en la comprensión textual, relacional, enunciativa, valorativa y sociocultural de la lectura, elaboró el Marco Teórico de la investigación sustentado en enfoque de la transdisciplinariedad para describir y explicar el problema, interpretar los resultados de la investigación y elaborar el Modelo Algorítmico, probable solución del problema y diseñó, elaboró, fundamentó y propuso un Modelo Algorítmico, su concreción será motivo de una nueva investigación.
CONNECTION OF SPELLING RULES AND GRAMMATICAL PROBLEMS IN THE WORK OF AKMET BAITURSYNULY "TIL-KURAL"
Authors: Imangazina M. , Muzhigova G. M. 
Published: April 2023

The creation and approval of a writing system on a national basis is the most important prerequisite that serves as support for preserving the national character and uniqueness of the language. The writing system formed by the first reformer of the Kazakh script A. Baitursynuly is also highly appreciated from this point of view. Since the issue of spelling is always relevant, it is extremely necessary for Kazakh linguistics to determine the main provisions of the spelling rules that formed the basis for the spelling reform of the scholar. The article analyzes the rules of spelling – the integration of the principles of writing and grammatical patterns, which for the first time were fully reflected in the work "Til-Kural".The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between spelling rules and grammatical problems formulated by A. Baitursynuly.The practical significance of the study is manifested in the analysis of the importance of substantiating the grammatical position in the construction of spelling rules. The paper makes comparisons in diachronic and synchronous aspects and examines the nature of the development of the spelling of the Kazakh language in texts of the XVIII, and XIX centuries and the reflection of grammatical units in writing. In particular, based on the methods of comparison, description, and systematization, historical data were demonstrated, including the reason for the violation of grammatical patterns in the materials of the ancient Kazakh written language and its influence on writing. As a result, in the work, the connection of morphological rules with spelling was classified into three different groups: "Word form and spelling", "Word composition and spelling", and "Punctuation and spelling".
SYNCRETISM IN LINGUISTICS: SYNTACTIC ASPECT
Authors: Sagyndykuly В. 
Published: April 2023

Syncretism has become the subject of various fields of science. Especially, its properties in the field of aesthetics, art criticism, and cultural studies have been studied to the maximum. It means that linguistics will also need to rethink the function of syncretism. The author of the paper touches upon the problem of syncretism in linguistics. The main purpose of the research is to draw attention to the fact that syncretism refers both to the morphological structure of the phenomenon and the syntactic construction. Most scholars in Kazakh linguistics recognize syncretism as a one-sided phenomenon. And its traces in the syntax remain unnoticed. In this regard, the definition of the term in the syntax indicates the relevance of the paper. And increases the theoretical value.This issue was raised as a separate issue not only in Kazakh but also in other languages. The author proves this by the conclusions of scientists of the Russian, German, and French languages. The features of the connection of the speech structure in the paper on the path of narrowing or expansion determine the syntactic function of syncretism. Particular attention should be paid to the phenomenon in the connections of sentences, namely, a simple sentence from the point of view of formality, a complex object sentence from the point of view of conveying judgments, or, conversely, determines the importance of this task. And this defines a new direction of the syntax of Kazakh linguistics.The study also pays attention to the diachronic nature of linguistics. The reflections of Russian and other foreign scientists indicate that the topic has remained at its initial stage. This is proof that the issue being raised is still important.The conclusions set out in the paper will contribute to the further development of the field of linguistics. The application of the results of work in educational institutions is of practical importance. After all, any language unit must reach the consciousness of the recipient.
THE SACRAL CONCEPT AND ITS INTERPRETATION
Authors: Boranbay B. E. , Kamisheva G. A. , Oralova G. S. , Tulebayeva A. T. 
Published: April 2023

The interest in the concept of sacral has been growing rapidly in science in recent years. The first definitions of this concept began to appear in the 80s of the 20th century. There is a lot of polemic in the definitions given to the concept of sacral. The term ―sacred‖ was described in various ways by the English philosopher D. Hume, and German thinkers F. Schleiermacher, M. Scheler, E. Cassirer, and M. Heidegger. Representatives of the French school of sociology as M. Moss, L. Lévy-Bruhl, J. Bataille, and M. Leiris interpreted the term diversely. Therefore, to reveal the meaning of the notion of ―sacral‖ thoroughly it is of paramount importance to explain the concept in the integration of religious studies, philosophy, cultural studies, art studies, archeology, ethnology, folkloristic, and philology.This research paper clarifies the concept of ―sacral‖, and shows both well-known and unfamiliar aspects of the sacred as well as its typology that is made from the point of view of the aesthetic category. We also conducted a comparative analysis of definitions in different languages. Considering that the Latin word ―sacer‖ cannot be translated like many international terms, it was suggested to use it as sacral in the Kazakh language as well.The relevance of the topic was determined and a conclusion was made through comprehensive research, differentiation, and systematization of the concept of sacral.