bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Age on Hypertension Recognition in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report From the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study
Authors: Douglas Chloe E. , Roem Jennifer , Flynn Joseph T. , Furth Susan L. , Warady Bradley A. , Halbach Susan M. ,   for the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children study investigators*
Published: March 2023

Background:
Young age has been associated with poorer control of hypertension in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Using data from the CKiD Study (Chronic Kidney Disease in Children), we examined the relationship between age, hypertensive blood pressure (BP) recognition, and pharmacologic BP control in children with nondialysis-dependent CKD.

Methods:
Participants included 902 CKiD Study participants with CKD stages 2 to 4. A total of 3550 annual study visits met inclusion criteria and participants were stratified by age (0 to <7, ≥7 to <13, ≥13 to ≤18 years). Generalized estimating equations to account for repeated measures were applied to logistic regression analyses to evaluate the association of age with unrecognized hypertensive BP and medication use.

Results:
Children <7 years of age had a higher prevalence of hypertensive BP and a lower prevalence of antihypertensive medication use compared with older children. At visits where participants <7 years of age had hypertensive BP readings, 46% had unrecognized, untreated hypertensive BP compared with 21% of visits for children ≥13 years of age. The youngest age group was associated with higher odds of unrecognized hypertensive BP (adjusted odds ratio, 2.11 [95% CI, 1.37–3.24]) and lower odds of antihypertensive medication use among those with unrecognized hypertensive BP (adjusted OR, 0.51 [95% CI, 0.27–0.996]).

Conclusions:
Children younger than 7 years of age with CKD are more likely to have both undiagnosed and undertreated hypertensive BP. Efforts to improve BP control in young children with CKD are needed to minimize development of cardiovascular disease and slow CKD progression.
Effects of Varying Saturation Vapor Pressure on Climate, Clouds, and Convection
Authors: Spaulding-Astudillo Francisco E. , Mitchell Jonathan L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We investigate how climate, clouds, and convection change as the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere is varied by altering the saturation vapor pressure (SVP) by a constant in a one-dimensional climate model. We identify four effects of altering SVP on clouds in an Earthlike climate with distinct layers of low and high clouds. First, the anvils of high clouds get higher as SVP is increased (and vice versa) because they are bound by radiative constraints to occur at a lower temperature. The vapor pressure path above the cold anvils does not change in Earthlike climates. Second, low clouds get lower as SVP increases (and vice versa) because they are coupled to a convective boundary layer (CBL) that shallows primarily from an increase in the tropospheric static stability. The third and fourth effects follow from the first two, namely, that single-layer cloud states exist both in vapor-poor states with a merged cloud deck and vapor-rich states with an elevated cloud deck. We identify two cloud instability parameters that determine the transitions between single- and double-layer cloud regimes. Qualitatively, sufficiently vapor-poor states have a deep, diffusive layer that overlaps with a weaker convective layer (topping out at the tropopause) that cannot maintain low relative humidity in the midtroposphere through the drying of descending air, thus causing the cloud layers to merge. Sufficiently vapor-rich states lose their low clouds as the shallowing CBL drops below the lifting condensation level.
Daily and Subdaily Wind and Divergence Variations Observed by a Shipborne Doppler Radar off the Southwestern Coast of Sumatra
Authors: Geng Biao , Katsumata Masaki 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigated the daily cycle of the wind and divergence fields observed off the southwestern coast of Sumatra during a field campaign of the Years of the Maritime Continent pilot study. An algorithm was developed to retrieve kinematic variables from the single-Doppler data collected aboard the Research Vessel Mirai from 24 November to 13 December 2015. The observed daily cycles of the wind and divergence fields consisted of diurnal, semidiurnal, and short-term variations. Diurnal wind variation was characterized by deep and three-dimensional circulation. There was an approximate phase locking of the semidiurnal variation to the diurnal variation, both in the wind and divergence fields. The short-term wind variation occurred at a time scale of ∼1–3 h, and this pattern was associated with density currents or mesoscale gravity waves. Up to 73% of the daily vertical motion variance can be attributed to the diurnal and semidiurnal vertical motion variations with comparable strengths. Concurrently, precipitation propagated offshore in phase with density currents and mesoscale gravity waves. Our results suggest that diurnal and semidiurnal wind variations dominate the daily evolution of precipitation, whereas density currents and mesoscale gravity waves control offshore propagation. Additionally, it appears that the daily precipitation cycle is modulated by multiple-time-scale wind variabilities of less than a day, which is also responsible for the development of strong nocturnal convection off the southwestern coast of Sumatra.

Significance Statement
To improve our understanding of the daily wind and divergence cycle off the southwestern coast of Sumatra, we examined wind data collected by a shipborne Doppler radar. The observed daily cycles of the wind and divergence fields consisted of diurnal and semidiurnal variations, as well as a 1–3-h variation associated with a density current or mesoscale gravity wave. Our results suggest that diurnal and semidiurnal wind variations dominate the daily evolution of precipitation, whereas density currents and mesoscale gravity waves control offshore propagation. Thus, we highlight the role of multiple-time-scale wind variabilities of less than a day in modulating the daily precipitation cycle off the southwestern coast of Sumatra.
Rapid Decadal Acceleration of Sea Level Rise along the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts during 2010–22 and Its Impact on Hurricane-Induced Storm Surge
Authors: Yin Jianjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Sea level rise (SLR) shows important spatiotemporal variability. A better understanding of characteristics and mechanisms of the variability is critical for future SLR projection and coastal preparedness. Here we analyze various observational and modeling data of sea level and its components, atmospheric pressure and winds, and ocean circulation in the North Atlantic. Both the century-long tide gauge data and the more recent altimetry data reveal a rapid decadal acceleration of SLR during 2010–22 along the U.S. East Coast and the Gulf of Mexico coast. The acceleration is most notable on the Southeast and Gulf Coasts, as quantified by the decadal rise rate, extreme annual sea level departure from the long-term trend, as well as the sea level record-breaking frequency and magnitude. Our analysis suggests that this SLR acceleration is largely a lagged response to the observed slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in 2009–10. In the North Atlantic, the response is characterized by a large-scale pattern of contrast changes in dynamic sea level between the Eastern Subpolar Gyre and the U.S. Southeast and Gulf Coasts. The latest global climate model generally captures this observed pattern and projects that further increase in greenhouse gas forcing will modify it over the twenty-first century. The faster SLR on the Southeast and Gulf Coasts, at a rate of more than 10 mm yr−1 during 2010–22, coincided with active and even record-breaking North Atlantic hurricane seasons in recent years. As a consequence, the elevated storm surge exacerbated coastal flooding and damage particularly on the Gulf Coast.
A Simplified Ocean Physics? Revisiting Abyssal Recipes
Authors: Wunsch Carl 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Simplified descriptions of the ocean are useful both for formulating explanatory theories and for conveying meaningful global attributes. Here, using a 26-yr average of a global state estimate from ECCO, the basis for Munk’s “abyssal recipes” is evaluated on a global scale between 1000- and 3000-m depth. The two specific hydrographic stations he used prove untypical, with potential temperature and salinity more generally displaying different vertical scale heights, and thus differing in one-dimensional (in the vertical) values of mixing coefficients and/or vertical velocities. The simplest explanation is that the circulation is fully three-dimensional with temperature and salinity fields not describable with a one-dimensional steady balance. In contrast, the potential density and buoyancy are quantitatively describable through a one-dimensional exponential balance, and which calls for an explanation in terms of turbulent mixing processes.
Gravity Model Approach: An Empirical Application with Implications for BRICS Countries
Authors: Wani Suadat Hussain 
Published: March 2023

This article aims to identify the main determinants of annual export flow among BRICS countries through the estimation of panel data from 1992 to 2018. The estimated results suggest that gross domestic product (GDP) and trade openness among other factors can explain export flow among BRICS countries. The most important finding of the study is that the formation of BRICS has exercised a negative and significant impact on bilateral trade among member countries. This study also found that the intra-industry trade dominates the intra-BRICS trade. Finally, the study found that the geographical distance between countries might be a factor for impeding trade among member countries. Thus, this study highlights the importance of increasing economic cooperation among these countries in terms of developing infrastructure, signing of free trade agreement (FTA) and increasing people-to-people contacts. JEL Codes: F00, F15, C23, F13
Crossover trial of the effects of a far-infrared heater that heats the feet with ceramic balls on autonomic nervous activity and mood states
Authors: Matsui Yuko , Ueda Terumi , Koizumi Yumi , Kato Chinatsu , Suzuki Yuiko 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The accumulation of fatigue and stress creates problems, including reductions in quality of life and productivity. Objectives: To investigate the effects of a far-infrared heater that heats the feet with ceramic balls on autonomic nervous activity and mood states. Methods: This study was performed as a crossover trial. Participants comprised 20 women. On different days, each participant underwent 15 min of foot warming with the far-infrared heater (far-infrared group) or remained seated for 15 min (control group). Autonomic nervous activity (low-frequency component/high-frequency component, high-frequency) and mood states scales (Profile of Mood States Second Edition and Two-Dimensional Mood Scale for Self-monitoring and Self-regulation of Momentary Mood States) during the study intervention were measured and compared between groups. Results: Low-frequency/high-frequency was significantly higher in the control group 10 min after the start of intervention than at baseline ( P = .033). Low-frequency/high-frequency was significantly lower in the far-infrared group than in the control group at 5 min ( P = .027), 10 min ( P = .011), and 15 min ( P = .015). High-frequency was significantly higher in the far-infrared group at 5 min ( P = .008), 10 min ( P = .004), and 15 min ( P = .015) than at baseline. High-frequency 5 min after the start of intervention was significantly higher in the far-infrared group than in the control group ( P = .033). POMS2 scores improved significantly more in the far-infrared group than in the control group, including in fatigue-inertia ( P = .019), tension-anxiety ( P = .025), and total mood disturbance ( P = .019). Finally, the far-infrared group showed greater improvements in Two-Dimensional Mood Scale-Short Term scores such as stability ( P = .002) and pleasure ( P = .013). Conclusion: Using the far-infrared heater to heat the feet with ceramic balls stabilized and improved mood, reduced Fatigue-Inertia and Tension-Anxiety, and alleviated total mood disturbance. Parasympathetic nervous system activation was observed from 5 min after the start of heating, suggesting that short-duration heat stimulation of the feet is effective.
Optimum heparin dose in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khalil Mohamed A , Kaddoura Rasha , Omar Amr S , Abohamar Ahmed D , Izham Mohamed 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) was introduced many years ago aiming to reduce the known complications of conventional on-pump coronary surgeries. Heparin is required during the procedures, but the available protocols have diverse dosage regimens. The primary objective of this systematic review is to examine the effect of different heparin doses on the outcomes of OPCABG. Evidence acquisition MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Four reviewers identified eligible clinical trials. Two reviewers extracted data and independently assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane tool. The primary outcome was the activated clotting time (ACT) at three minutes. The secondary outcomes were proportion of patients requiring blood products and the length of hospital stay. An aggregate data approach was used. Evidence synthesis Three single-center randomized studies recruiting 256 patients were included. The studies compared low-dose (1.5–2 mg/kg) and high-dose (3 mg/kg) heparin boluses. The overall mean difference for ACT after three minutes between low- and high-dose heparin is – 126.16 (95% CI: - 142.19, - 110.14). The proportion of patients requiring blood products after surgery [odd ratio 1.27 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.32)] or the overall length of stay [mean difference −0.15 (95% CI: −0.84, 0.53)] did not differ between the heparin doses. Conclusions In OPCABG, high-dose compared with low-dose heparin did not affect the utilization of more blood products or increased the overall length of stay. Unsurprisingly, ACT values were higher in the high-dose heparin group. Larger and adequately powered randomized clinical trials are indicated to resolve the uncertainty.
Low vision home therapy service by occupational therapists: The effectiveness of the Seniors’ Eye Rehabilitation programme, a pilot study
Authors: Tan Yanwen , Sim Tan Anna Cheng , Hui Joy Heng Shih , Lian Tang Li , Wern Chen Li 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:This study aims to explore the effectiveness of the Seniors’ Eye Rehabilitation (SEER) pilot programme, a visual rehabilitation home therapy by specialised low vision occupational therapists (LVOT).Method:This was an interventional, longitudinal cohort study. Participants were recruited from Singapore National Eye Centre Low Vision Clinic. The occupational therapy interventions include activities of daily living retraining, activities/home modifications, functional/community mobility training and patient/family education. Each participant set two individualised goals (Priority Goal 1 and Priority Goal 2). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare baseline and 6-month follow-up scores for Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs-OT) and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) ( p < 0.05).Results:Forty-one participants (mean age: 67, 48.8% male) completed SEER. There was statistically significant reduction in activity limitations (1 median point change (MPC), Z = −4.21, p < 0.01), participation restrictions (1 MPC, Z = −3.951, p < 0.01) and improved well-being (0.5 MPC, Z = −3.668, p < 0.01) for Priority Goal 1 using AUSTOM-OT. With GAS, there was a statistically significant improvement in Priority Goal 1 (1 MPC, Z = −3.886, p < 0.01).Conclusion:The SEER programme was found to be effective in improving all domains of the AusTOMs-OT and GAS for Priority Goal 1. This provides evidence that visual rehabilitation home therapy by specialised LVOT is beneficial to older adults with visual impairment.
Risk of Bloodstream Infection in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Exposed to Prolonged Medium-to-High-Dose Glucocorticoids
Authors: Kim Mi Hyeon , Choi Se Rim , Park Jin Kyun , Lee Eun Young , Lee Eun Bong , Park Jun Won 
Published: March 2023

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the incidence rate and risk factors of bloodstream infection (BSI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exposed to medium to high doses of glucocorticoids. Methods This study included 1109 treatment episodes with prolonged (≥4 weeks) medium-to-high-dose glucocorticoids (≥15 mg/day prednisolone) in 612 patients with SLE for over 14 years. Clinical features regarding systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K), immunosuppressant use, and laboratory results were obtained from the electronic medical database. The primary outcome of this study was the 1-year incidence of BSI. The effect of clinical factors on the outcome was investigated using a generalized estimating equation. Results During a total of 1078.64 person-years, 30 cases of BSI occurred, with an incidence rate of 2.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–3.97) per 100 person-years. Mortality rate of the treatment episodes with BSI was 16.7%, which was significantly higher than that in the other episodes (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 19.59, 95% CI 7.33–52.44). When the incidence rate of BSI was stratified by baseline glucocorticoid dose and SLEDAI-2K score, a higher incidence rate of BSI occurred as disease activity or baseline glucocorticoid dose increased. In the multivariable analysis, SLEDAI-2K ≥20 (adjusted IRR (aIRR) 4.66, 95% CI 2.17–10.00), initial baseline prednisolone ≥ 60 mg/day (aIRR 2.42, 95% CI 1.11–5.32), and cumulative prednisolone dose ≥15 mg/day during the previous 6 months (aIRR 2.13, 95% CI 1.03–4.40) significantly increased the risk of BSI. Conclusion In patients with SLE exposed to prolonged medium-to-high-dose glucocorticoids, the 1-year incidence rate of BSI was significantly higher than previously reported in the general patients with SLE. Severe disease activity, and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment previously or at baseline increased the risk of BSI.
Momordica cochinchinensis Suppresses the Human Breast Cancer Cells Growth and Migration by Inhibiting Mevalonate Pathway
Authors: Buranrat Benjaporn , Kraiklang Ratthaphol 
Published: March 2023

Background: Momordica cochinchinensis (MC) is shown with high antioxidation and is used as herbal medicine in South-East countries. Objectives: This study aims to determine the four parts (aril, fruit, leaf, and seed) of MC extract against human breast cancer cells with underlying mechanisms of actions. Materials and Methods: The effects of MC extract were examined by sulforhodamine B, colony formation, wound healing, real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting method. Results: Four parts of MC extracts significantly increased MCF-7 cells death, interestingly, seed extract had the greatest activity with IC50 values of 412.3 ± 49.8 µg/mL for 24 h and 113.3 ± 6.4 µg/mL for 48 h. MC extracts potentiated the anticancer drug effect, doxorubicin, with lower IC50 values when compared with MC treatment alone. Moreover, MC extracts decreased colony formation and accompanied by inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, Seed extract inhibited migration by reducing matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 2, MMP 9, and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) inhibition. The molecular analyses revealed that seed extract inhibited cell viability by decreasing cyclin D1 consistent with activating p21, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 protein levels along with reduction of mevalonate (MVA) pathway, Rac1, and RhoA levels, it appeared to inhibit growth and migration. Conclusion: Taken together, MC extract induces MCF-7 cell death and decreases cell migration relatively via attenuation of MVA pathway.
Recurrence Rates With Longer-Term Follow-up After Hallux Valgus Surgical Treatment With Distal Metatarsal Osteotomies: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Lalevee Matthieu , de Cesar Netto Cesar , Boublil Daniel , Coillard Jean-Yves , Nover Luca , van Rooij Floris , Saffarini Mo 
Published: March 2023

Background: Recurrence of hallux valgus (HV) following corrective surgery is a frequent concern. A recent systematic review estimated recurrence of HV in only 4.9%, which may be an underestimation, as most included studies had short- to mid-term follow-up. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess long-term outcomes of distal osteotomies of the first metatarsal (M1) to treat HV without inflammatory disease or degenerative arthritis, and to assess HV recurrence rates reported in studies that had a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Methods: This systematic review conforms to the PRISMA guidelines. The authors conducted a search using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Studies that report outcomes of distal osteotomies of the M1 for noninflammatory and nondegenerative HV at a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Results: We found 17 eligible studies comprising 18 data sets, reporting outcomes of 4 categories of osteotomies: Chevron, Mitchell, Bösch, and “others.” The HV recurrence rate was 64% considering the threshold of >15 degrees hallux valgus angle (HVA), 10% having >20 degrees, and 5% having >25 degrees. Conclusion: At a minimum of 5 years following distal osteotomies of the M1, the mean weighted postoperative HVA was significantly higher for Mitchell osteotomies compared with the 3 other osteotomies reviewed. There were otherwise no significant differences in recurrence rates using the 3 HVA thresholds, or intermetatarsal angle among any of the surgical techniques reported in 2 or more studies. The pooled HV recurrence rates considering the various thresholds of HVA were as follows: 64% having >15 degrees, 10% having >20 degrees, and 5% having >25 degrees. The recurrence rates in the long term for all categories of surgical procedures suggest that better understanding of pathogenesis and prognosis of HV is required before modifying or introducing new surgical techniques. Level of Evidence: Level IV, meta-analysis.
Eosinophilic/T-cell Chorionic Vasculitis: Its Incidence Is Increasing but It Does Not Appear to Recur in Subsequent Pregnancies
Authors: Wright James R. , de Koning Lawrence 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Eosinophilic/T-cell chorionic vasculitis (E/TCV), an incidental finding primarily in third trimester placentas, is characterized by eosinophils and CD3+ T lymphocytes infiltrating at least 1 chorionic and/or stem villous vessels. Its etiology and clinical significance are unclear. Methods: Placental pathology reports issued by 8 pediatric-perinatal pathologists at Alberta Children’s Hospital were retrieved from the lab information system (2010–2022), and candidate reports were identified using a Perl script searching for “eosinophil.” Candidate diagnoses of E/TCV were validated by pathologist review. Results: 38,058 placenta reports from 34,643 patients were reviewed; 328 cases of E/TCV were identified, for an overall incidence of 0.86%. Incidence increased 23% per year, from 0.11% in 2010 to 1.5% in 2021 ( P < .01). This temporal change was observed for all pathologists; the incidence of identified multifocality also increased over time ( P < .01). Umbilical vascular involvement was exceedingly rare. No variation in incidence was attributable to season. We received more than 1 placenta from 46 mothers with an E/TCV placental diagnosis; examination of >1 placenta did not reveal any mother with >1 E/TCV diagnosis. Conclusions: The incidence of E/TCV increased steadily over a ~12-year period and no recurrent cases were observed.