bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying quantitative spatial phenotypes analysis to the investigation of peltate glandular trichomes development pattern in Perilla frutescens
Authors: Jiang Zheng , Zhou Peina , Shao Yongfang , Zhang Qianqian , Yue Wei , Qu Cheng , Wu Qinan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Glandular trichomes, often referred to as “phytochemical factories”, plays a crucial role in plant growth and metabolism. As the site for secretion and storage, the development of glandular trichomes is related to the dynamic biosynthesis of specialised metabolites. The study aims to explore the relationship between spatial phenotype and dynamic metabolism of glandular trichomes, and establish a novel approach for the exploration and study of the regulatory mechanism governing the development of glandular trichomes.

Results
In this study, we proposed a technical route based on the relative deviation value to distinguish the peltate glandular trichomes (PGTs) from the background tissues and extract their spatial phenotype. By defining glandular trichome developmental stages based on the leaf vein growth axis, we found that young PGTs were densely distributed near the proximal end of growth axis of the leaf veins, where perillaketone, a primary metabolite of PGTs, is predominantly accumulated. Conversely, mature PGTs are typically found near the distal end of the mid-vein growth axis and the lateral end of the secondary vein growth axis, where the accumulation rate of isoegomaketone and egomaketone exceeds that of perillaketone in PGTs. We further identified spatial phenotypic parameters, Lsum and d, as independent variables to construct a linear regression model that illustrates the relationship between the spatial phenotypes and metabolite content of PGTs, including perillaketone (R2 = 0.698), egomaketone (R2 = 0.593), isoegomaketone (R2 = 0.662) and the sum of the amount (R2 = 0.773).

Conclusions
This model proved that the development of PGTs was correlated with the growth of the entire leaf, and the development stage of PGTs can be identifined by spatial phenotypes based on the leaf veins. In conclusion, the findings of this study enhance our understanding of correlation between spatial phenotype and development of glandular trichomes and offer a new approach to explore and study the regulatory mechanism of glandular trichome development.
Incidental radiological findings during clinical tuberculosis screening in Lesotho and South Africa: a case series
Authors: Glaser Naomi , Bosman Shannon , Madonsela Thandanani , van Heerden Alastair , Mashaete Kamele , Katende Bulemba , Ayakaka Irene , Murphy Keelin , Signorell Aita , Lynen Lutgarde , Bremerich Jens , Reither Klaus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Chest X-ray offers high sensitivity and acceptable specificity as a tuberculosis screening tool, but in areas with a high burden of tuberculosis, there is often a lack of radiological expertise to interpret chest X-ray. Computer-aided detection systems based on artificial intelligence are therefore increasingly used to screen for tuberculosis-related abnormalities on digital chest radiographies. The CAD4TB software has previously been shown to demonstrate high sensitivity for chest X-ray tuberculosis-related abnormalities, but it is not yet calibrated for the detection of non-tuberculosis abnormalities. When screening for tuberculosis, users of computer-aided detection need to be aware that other chest pathologies are likely to be as prevalent as, or more prevalent than, active tuberculosis. However, non­-tuberculosis chest X-ray abnormalities detected during chest X-ray screening for tuberculosis remain poorly characterized in the sub-Saharan African setting, with only minimal literature.

Case presentation
In this case series, we report on four cases with non-tuberculosis abnormalities detected on CXR in TB TRIAGE + ACCURACY (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04666311), a study in adult presumptive tuberculosis cases at health facilities in Lesotho and South Africa to determine the diagnostic accuracy of two potential tuberculosis triage tests: computer-aided detection (CAD4TB v7, Delft, the Netherlands) and C-reactive protein (Alere Afinion, USA). The four Black African participants presented with the following chest X-ray abnormalities: a 59-year-old woman with pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, a 28-year-old man with pneumothorax, a 20-year-old man with massive bronchiectasis, and a 47-year-old woman with aspergilloma.

Conclusions
Solely using chest X-ray computer-aided detection systems based on artificial intelligence as a tuberculosis screening strategy in sub-Saharan Africa comes with benefits, but also risks. Due to the limitation of CAD4TB for non-tuberculosis-abnormality identification, the computer-aided detection software may miss significant chest X-ray abnormalities that require treatment, as exemplified in our four cases. Increased data collection, characterization of non-tuberculosis anomalies and research on the implications of these diseases for individuals and health systems in sub-Saharan Africa is needed to help improve existing artificial intelligence software programs and their use in countries with high tuberculosis burden.
Non-invasive assessment of muscle compartment elasticity by pressure-related ultrasound in pediatric trauma: a prospective clinical study in 25 cases of forearm shaft fractures
Authors: Sellei R. M. , Beckers A. , Kobbe P. , Weltzien A. , Weber C. D. , Spies C. K. , Reinhardt N. , de la Fuente M. , Radermacher K. , Hildebrand F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Soft-tissue swelling after limb fractures in pediatric patients is well known to be a risk factor for developing acute compartment syndrome (ACS). Clinical assessment alone is uncertain in specific cases. Recently, we proposed a non-invasive ultrasound-based method to objectify muscle compartment elasticity for monitoring. We hypothesize a strong correlation between the soft-tissue swelling after stabilization of upper limb fractures and the compartment elasticity objectified with a novel ultrasound-based approach in pediatric trauma.

Patients and methods
In a prospective clinical study, children suffering forearm fractures but not developing an ACS were included. The muscle compartment elasticity of the m. flexor carpi ulnaris was assessed after surgical intervention by a non-invasive, ultrasound-based method resulting in a relative elasticity (RE in %) in both the control (healthy limb) and study group (fractured limb). Soft-tissue swelling was categorized in four different levels (0–3) and correlated with the resulting RE (%).

Results
The RE in the study group (15.67%, SD ± 3.06) showed a significantly decreased level (p < 0.001) compared with the control (22.77%, SD ± 5.4). The categorized grade of soft-tissue swelling resulted in a moderate correlation with the RE (rs = 0.474).

Conclusions
The presented study appears to represent a novel approach to assess the posttraumatic pressure changes in a muscle compartment after fracture stabilization non-invasively. In this first clinical study in pediatric cases, our measurement method represents a low-cost, easy, and secure approach that has the potential to substitute invasive measurement of suspected ACS in muscle compartment conditions. Further investigations in lager cohorts are required to prove its daily clinical practicability and to confirm the expected reliability.
Development and validation of a predictive model for depression risk in the U.S. adult population: Evidence from the 2007–2014 NHANES
Authors: Tian Wei , Zhang Yafeng , Han Xinhao , LI Yan , Liu Junping , Wang Hongying , Zhang Qiuju , Ma Yujie , Yan Guangcan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Depression is a prevalent mental health disorder with a complex etiology and substantial public health implications. Early identification of individuals at risk for depression is crucial for effective intervention and prevention efforts. This study aimed to develop a predictive model for depression by integrating demographic factors (age, race, marital status, income), lifestyle factors (sleep duration, physical activity), and physiological measures (hypertension, blood lead levels). A key objective was to explore the role of physical activity and blood lead levels as predictors of current depression risk.

Methods
Data were extracted from the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We applied a logistic regression analysis to these data to assess the predictive value of the above eight factors for depression to create the predictive model.

Results
The predictive model had bootstrap-corrected c-indexes of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.67–0.70) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.64–0.68) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively, and well-calibrated curves. As the risk of depression increased, the proportion of participants with 1.76 ~ 68.90 µg/L blood lead gradually increased, and the proportion of participants with 0.05 ~ 0.66 µg/L blood lead gradually decreased. In addition, the proportion of sedentary participants increased as the risk of depression increased.

Conclusions
This study developed a depression risk assessment model that incorporates physical activity and blood lead factors. This model is a promising tool for screening, assessing, and treating depression in the general population. However, because the corrected c-indices of the predictive model have not yet reached an acceptable threshold of 0.70, caution should be exercised when drawing conclusions. Further research is required to improve the performance of this model.
A brief history of and future prospects for pneumococcal vaccination in Malaysia
Authors: Lister Alex J. J. , Dombay Evelin , Cleary David W. , Sulaiman Lokman H. , Clarke Stuart C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPneumococcal pneumonia remains a significant global public health issue. Malaysia has recently added the 10 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to its national immunisation programme. Data on pneumococcal serotype epidemiology is vital for informing national vaccination policy. However, there remains a lack of representative population-based pneumococcal surveillance in Malaysia to help both the assessment of vaccine effectiveness in the country and to shape future vaccine policy. This review explores the history of pneumococcal vaccination, the burden of pneumococcal disease in Malaysia, and offers an insight into the prospects for reducing pneumococcal disease in Malaysia.
Small secreted peptides (SSPs) in tomato and their potential roles in drought stress response
Authors: Xu Kexin , Tian Dongdong , Wang TingJin , Zhang Aijun , Elsadek Mohamed Abdou Youssef , Liu Weihong , Chen Liping , Guo Yongfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world and abiotic stresses often cause serious problems in tomato production. It is thus important to identify new regulators in stress response and to devise new approaches to promote stress tolerance in tomato. Previous studies have shown that small secreted peptides (SSPs) are important signal molecules regulating plant growth and stress response by mediating intercellular communication. However, little is known about tomato SSPs, especially their roles in responding to abiotic stresses. Here we report the identification of 1,050 putative SSPs in the tomato genome, 557 of which were classified into 38 known SSP families based on their conserved domains. GO and transcriptome analyses revealed that a large proportion of SlSSPs might be involved in abiotic stress response. Further analysis indicated that stress response related cis-elements were present on the SlCEP promotors and a number of SlCEPs were significantly upregulated by drought treatments. Among the drought-inducible SlCEPs, SlCEP10 and SlCEP11b were selected for further analysis via exogenous application of synthetic peptides. The results showed that treatments with both SlCEP10 and SlCEP11b peptides enhanced tomato drought stress tolerance, indicating the potential roles of SlSSPs in abiotic stress response.
Graphical Abstract
Race-Associated Genomic Correlates of Therapeutic Response in African American Patients With Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Li Pin , Kane Kaitlyn , Wolf Frank M. , Berry Anna B. , Gadgeel Shirish , Pilling Amanda 
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE African American individuals are disproportionately affected by lung cancer in terms of incidence and mortality. In oncogene-driven non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emerging evidence indicates that underlying molecular heterogeneity, which can be affected by ancestry, contributes to variable drug sensitivity and therapeutic responses. The purpose of this study was to evaluate race-associated differences in reported treatment decisions, therapeutic outcomes, and molecular features in KRAS- and EGFR-mutant NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective study using real-world clinical-genomic data from health systems in the United States to evaluate race-associated outcomes in advanced-stage KRAS- or EGFR-driven NSCLC. Our overall objectives were to evaluate race-associated therapeutic outcomes and to describe molecular features in non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients with NSCLC. RESULTS A total of 723 NSCLC patients with KRAS and 315 patients with EGFR oncogenic mutations were evaluated. In KRAS-mutant patients, variable outcomes were observed in NHB and NHW patients on the basis of receiving chemotherapy alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. NHB patients received treatment at significantly lower rates compared with NHW patients. In the EGFR-mutant cohort, NHB and NHW patients received EGFR-targeted agents at similar rates, and overall survival was not significantly different. Race-associated differences in molecular features included a higher frequency of TP53 comutation in KRAS-mutant NHB patients and higher prevalence of EGFR G719S subtype in NHB patients. CONCLUSION In a real-world cohort of patients with NSCLC, we identified race-associated differences in therapeutic outcomes and described molecular characteristics in NHB and NHW patients with NSCLC. To proactively identify patients most likely to respond to systemic therapies, a more comprehensive approach is needed to help guide therapy selection in individualized patient populations.
“They Will Know in the End That We Are Men”: Gunpowder and Gendered Discourse in Creek-British Diplomacy, 1763–1776
Authors: McCutchen Jennifer Monroe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the use of gendered discourse in Upper Creek negotiations with the British in the late eighteenth-century Southeast. It employs gunpowder and related discussions of masculinity as a tool for understanding how Native and European leaders communicated with one another to achieve their respective goals following the Seven Years’ War. The lens of gunpowder, an exclusively male commodity that could only be produced in Europe, allows ethnohistorians to explore how Upper Creek men dealt with the problem of dependence while attempting to retain power and authority during a period of significant sociopolitical change. An analysis of gunpowder highlights the challenges associated with accessing important foreign goods in an era where certain manufactures functioned as more than simple commodities. Possession and use of gunpowder held the potential to determine individual status as well as one’s ability to fulfill community responsibilities. It also shaped notions of gender, revealing how dependence on important, yet unstable, goods could threaten traditional Creek conceptions of masculine leadership. Gunpowder, therefore, illuminates the ways in which Creek leaders used European concepts of gender against British officials to cement their own authority on Indigenous terms, allowing them to maintain conventional avenues toward power and leadership within the confederacy.
Implementing and Evaluating an Older Adult Physical Activity Model at Scale: Framework for Action
Authors: McKay Heather A. , Sims-Gould Joanie , Nettlefold Lindsay , Hoy Christa L. , Bauman Adrian E. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Most research intervention trials demonstrate efficacy in selected samples. However, to improve population health, interventions that prove efficacious or effective in a research setting need to be delivered at scale. Despite this, relatively little attention has been paid to mechanisms and factors that support scaling up effective interventions. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the conceptual frameworks that guide implementation at scale of an evidence-based physical activity strategy for older adults (Choose to Move), our partnership approach to implementation and scale-up, and the methods we adopted to evaluate implementation and impact of this scaled-up model on older adults' physical activity, mobility, and social connectedness. From a socioecologic perspective, we describe 1) the design of the Choose to Move intervention, 2) the partnerships with key delivery organizations, 3) the implementation and scale-up frameworks that guide our approach, 4) the delivery of Choose to Move at scale, and 5) the protocols we will adopt to evaluate implementation and impact of Choose to Move. We adopt a type 2 hybrid effectiveness–implementation pre- and post-study design guided by scale-up, implementation, and evaluation frameworks. Specifically, we will first evaluate contextual factors that influence the implementation of Choose to Move. Second, we will evaluate effectiveness of Choose to Move on older adults' physical activity, sedentary time, capacity for mobility, and social connectedness using mixed methods. To address the escalating proportion of older adults that comprise our population and low levels of physical activity among them, it seems timely to refocus away from small-scale interventions. Should Choose to Move, a scalable, evidence-based physical activity model, be successfully delivered at scale, our approach has great implications to enhance older adult health at the population level.
Translation Goes Both Ways: The Power of Reverse Translation from Human Trials into Animal Models
Authors: Lightfoot J. Timothy , Bamman Marcas M. , Booth Frank W. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Much attention has been given to “translational research” with the assumption that such models follow a stepwise progression from basic/discovery science at the bench to application at the bedside. This practice ignores the valuable reverse aspect of translational research (i.e., “reverse translation”) where discoveries or observations at the bedside can inform and stimulate more mechanistic, basic work back at the bench, which in turn should expedite clinical applicability. This commentary reflects on the current thinking regarding reverse translation, with particular emphasis on the value of reverse translational design in understanding acute responses and chronic adaptations to exercise. Overall, we conclude that reverse translational designs offer a powerful avenue of investigation that should be fully leveraged to maximize impact on the understanding and treatment of human disease.
Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer: What Clinicians Need to Tell Their Patients
Authors: Kraschnewski Jennifer L. , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
In 2016, nearly a quarter-million women were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, the second deadliest cancer type. Lifestyle behaviors are well-established risk factors for both the development of, and negative outcomes from, breast cancer. New findings demonstrate that engaging in even minimal amounts of exercise is protective against breast cancer. Further, numerous studies have identified the role of exercise in the treatment of breast cancer and improvement in treatment side effects, quality of life, and overall survival. Unfortunately, few patients are physically active due to multiple barriers. Physicians may be helpful in engaging patients in being more active. Further research is necessary to identify programs and approaches to help patients both with, and at-risk for, breast cancer to engage in exercise.
Endocannabinoid and Mood Responses to Exercise in Adults with Varying Activity Levels
Authors: Brellenthin Angelique G. , Crombie Kevin M. , Hillard Cecilia J. , Koltyn Kelli F. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Acute aerobic exercise improves mood and activates the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in physically active individuals; however, both mood and eCB responses to exercise may vary based on habitual levels of physical activity.

Purpose
This study aimed to examine eCB and mood responses to prescribed and preferred exercises among individuals with low, moderate, and high levels of physical activity.

Methods
Thirty-six healthy adults (21 ± 4 yr) were recruited from low (≤60 min moderate–vigorous physical activity [MVPA] per week), moderate (150–299 min MVPA per week), and high (≥300 MVPA per week) physical activity groups. Participants performed both prescribed (approximately 70%–75% max) and preferred (i.e., self-selected) aerobic exercise on separate days. Mood states and eCB concentrations were assessed before and after exercise conditions.

Results
Both preferred and prescribed exercise resulted in significant increases (P < 0.01) in circulating eCB (N-arachidonoylethanolamine [AEA] and 2-arachidonoylglycerol); however, increases in AEA (P < 0.05) were larger in the prescribed condition. Likewise, both preferred and prescribed exercise elicited positive mood improvements compared with preexercise values, but changes in state anxiety, total mood disturbance, and confusion were greater in the preferred condition (P < 0.05). Changes in 2-arachidonoylglycerol concentrations were found to negatively correlate with changes in depression, tension, and total mood disturbance in the preferred condition (P < 0.05), and changes in AEA were positively associated with changes in vigor in the prescribed condition (P < 0.05). There were no significant group differences for mood or eCB outcomes.

Conclusion
These results indicate that eCB and mood responses to exercise do not differ significantly between samples with varying physical activity levels. This study also demonstrates that in addition to prescribed exercise, preferred exercise activates the eCB system, and this activation may contribute to positive mood outcomes with exercise.