bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of globalisation on the adoption of remote work: Evidence from a survey in Japan during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tomiura Eiichi , Ito Banri 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlobalised firms manage face‐to‐face contacts for distant communications. Based on our survey on the responses of Japanese firms to the COVID‐19 pandemic, we find that firms that exported, imported, or directly invested abroad more before the pandemic tend to adopt remote work significantly more frequently during the pandemic. We confirm this relationship even after controlling for compositions of occupations, and various firm attributes. The effect of arm's‐length trade, not intra‐firm trade, is especially evident. These suggest that pre‐pandemic experiences in coordinating across borders are likely to facilitate the adoption of remote work during the pandemic.
Electrocortical activity correlated with locomotor adaptation during split‐belt treadmill walking
Authors: Jacobsen Noelle A. , Ferris Daniel P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLocomotor adaptation is crucial for daily gait adjustments to changing environmental demands and obstacle avoidance. Mobile brain imaging with high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) now permits quantification of electrocortical dynamics during human locomotion. To determine the brain areas involved in human locomotor adaptation, we recorded high‐density EEG from healthy, young adults during split‐belt treadmill walking. We incorporated a dual‐electrode EEG system and neck electromyography to decrease motion and muscle artefacts. Voluntary movement preparation and execution have been linked to alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta band (13–30 Hz) desynchronizations in the sensorimotor and posterior parietal cortices, whereas theta band (4–7 Hz) modulations in the anterior cingulate have been correlated with movement error monitoring. We hypothesized that relative to normal walking, split‐belt walking would elicit: (1) decreases in alpha and beta band power in sensorimotor and posterior parietal cortices, reflecting enhanced motor flexibility; and (2) increases in theta band power in anterior cingulate cortex, reflecting instability and balance errors that will diminish with practice. We found electrocortical activity in multiple regions that was associated with stages of gait adaptation. Data indicated that sensorimotor and posterior parietal cortices had decreased alpha and beta band spectral power during early adaptation to split‐belt treadmill walking that gradually returned to pre‐adaptation levels by the end of the adaptation period. Our findings emphasize that multiple brain areas are involved in adjusting gait under changing environmental demands during human walking. Future studies could use these findings on healthy, young participants to identify dysfunctional supraspinal mechanisms that may be impairing gait adaptation.
imageKey points
Identifying the location and time course of electrical changes in the brain correlating with gait adaptation increases our understanding of brain function and provides targets for brain stimulation interventions.
Using high‐density EEG in combination with 3D biomechanics, we found changes in neural oscillations localized near the sensorimotor, posterior parietal and cingulate cortices during split‐belt treadmill adaptation.
These findings suggest that multiple cortical mechanisms may be associated with locomotor adaptation, and their temporal dynamics can be quantified using mobile EEG.
Results from this study can serve as a reference model to examine brain dynamics in individuals with movement disorders that cause gait asymmetry and reduced gait adaptation.
Data-Driven Stochastic Averaging
Authors: Li Junyin , Huang Zhanchao , Wang Yong , Huang Zhilong , Zhu Weiqiu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stochastic averaging, as an effective technique for dimension reduction, is of great significance in stochastic dynamics and control. However, its practical applications in industrial and engineering fields are severely hindered by its dependence on governing equations and the complexity of mathematical operations. Herein, a data-driven method, named data-driven stochastic averaging, is developed to automatically discover the low-dimensional stochastic differential equations using only the random state data captured from the original high-dimensional dynamical systems. This method includes two successive steps, that is, extracting all slowly varying processes hidden in fast-varying state data and identifying drift and diffusion coefficients by their mathematical definitions. It automates dimension reduction and is especially suitable for cases with unavailable governing equations and excitation data. Its application, efficacy, and comparison with theory-based stochastic averaging are illustrated through several examples, numerical or experimental, with pure Gaussian white noise excitation or combined excitations.
Self-Consistent Calculation of Nuclear Charge Radii in K Isotopes
Authors: Borzov I. N. , Tolokonnikov S. V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fully self-consistent study of the charge radii in Ca region is exemplified by the calculation in the long chains of K isotopes. The neutron-deficient and neutron-rich nuclei with pairing in both neutron and proton sectors, as well as the (semi-) magic nuclei around the closed neutron shells at N = 20, 28, 32 are treated within the Energy Density Functional (EDF) approach with the Fayans functional DF3-a. The performance of the DF3-a is analysed in describing the odd-even staggering effects found both in previous and in more recent CERN-ISOLDE experiments for 36–52K isotopes.
New Approach to Glauber Theory Description of Nucleus-Nucleus Scattering
Authors: Shabelski Yu. M. , Shuvaev A. G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new approach to describe the nuclear scattering amplitudes in Glauber theory is proposed. The method is based on the expression for the generating function of the Glauber amplitudes. The generating function has been explicitly found in all orders of the Glauber theory.
Effects of different aerobic exercises on the global cognitive function of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis
Authors: Han Conglin , Sun Weishuang , Zhang Dan , Xi Xiaoshuang , Zhang Rong , Gong Weijun 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo summarise the effects of various types of aerobic exercise on the global cognitive function of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).DesignA meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for clinical RCTs from the earliest available records to March 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included RCTs of subjects older than 60 years with MCI. The outcome indicators of cognitive function of interest were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data and evaluated the quality of the included studies, with disagreements resolved by a third researcher. TheCochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventionswas used to assess the risk of bias. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager V.5.3 software. Random-effect models were used for meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 1680 patients who participated in 20 RCTs were included in this study. Based on outcomes of MMSE analysis, the aerobic exercise, which was beneficial for global cognitive function in MCI patients, included multicomponent aerobic exercise (MD=1.79, 95% CI (1.41 to 2.17), p<0.01) and mind–body exercise (MD=1.28, 95% CI (0.83 to 1.74), p<0.01). The results of the meta-analysis of conventional aerobic exercise (MD=0.51, 95% CI (0.09 to 0.93), p=0.02) turned out to be statistically insignificant after sensitivity analysis (MD=0.14, 95% CI (-0.47 to 0.75), p=0.65). With the evaluation of MoCA, multicomponent aerobic exercise (MD=5.74, 95% CI (5.02 to 6.46), p<0.01), mind–body exercise (MD=1.29, 95% CI (0.67 to 1.90), p<0.01) and conventional aerobic exercise (MD=2.06, 95% CI (1.46 to 2.65), p<0.01) were showed significant beneficial effects for the patient. However, there was a high degree of heterogeneity between the results of multicomponent aerobic exercise (MMSE) and conventional aerobic exercise (MoCA), which was analysed and explored.ConclusionsIn general, multicomponent aerobic exercise and mind–body exercise were beneficial in improving global cognitive function in the elderly with MCI. Nevertheless, the improvement effect of mind–body exercise is more reliable compared with multicomponent aerobic exercise and conventional aerobic exercise.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022327386.
PARIST study protocol: a phase I/II randomised, controlled clinical trial to assess the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of paracetamol in resolving acute kidney injury in children with severe malaria
Authors: Paasi George , Okalebo Charles Benard , Ongodia Paul , Namayanja Cate , Eregu Egiru Emma Isaiah , Abongo Grace , Olupot Moses , Amorut Denis , Muhindo Rita , Okiror William , Ndila Carolyne , Olupot-Olupot Peter 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) has in the past been considered a rare complication of malaria in children living in high-transmission settings. More recently, however, a growing number of paediatric case series of AKI in severe malaria studies in African children have been published (Artesunate vs Quinine in the Treatment of SevereP. falciparumMalaria in African children and Fluids Expansion as Supportive Therapy trials). The Paracetamol for Acute Renal Injury in Severe Malaria Trial (PARIST) therefore, aims to assess feasibility, safety and determine the effective dose of paracetamol, which attenuates nephrotoxicity of haemoproteins, red-cell free haemoglobin and myoglobin in children with haemoglobinuric severe malaria.MethodsPARIST is a phase I/II unblinded randomised controlled trial of 40 children aged >6 months and <12 years admitted with confirmed haemoglobinuric severe malaria (blackwater fever), a positive blood smear forP. falciparummalaria and either serum creatinine (Cr) increase by ≥0.3 mg/dL within 48 hours or to ≥1.5 times baseline and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) >20 mg/dL. Children will be randomly allocated on a 1:1 basis to paracetamol intervention dose arm (20 mg/kg orally 6-hourly for 48 hours) or to a control arm to receive standard of care for temperature control (ie, tepid sponging for 30 min if fever persists give rescue treatment). Primary outcome is renal recovery at 48 hours as indicated by stoppage of progression and decrease of Cr level below baseline, BUN (<20 mg/dL). Data analysis will be on the intention-to-treat principle and a per-protocol basis.Results from this phase I/II clinical trial will provide preliminary effectiveness data of this highly potential treatment for AKI in paediatric malaria (in particular for haemoglobinuric severe malaria) for a larger phase III trial.Ethics and disseminationEthical and regulatory approvals have been granted by the Mbale Hospital Institutional Ethics Review Committee (MRRH-REC OUT 002/2019), Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (UNCST-HS965ES) and the National drug Authority (NDA-CTC 0166/2021). We will be disseminating results through journals, conferences and policy briefs to policy makers and primary care providers.Trial registration numberISRCTN84974248.
Early recognition and management of maternal sepsis in Pakistan: a feasibility study of the implementation of FAST-M intervention
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Irfan , Rind Ghulam Kubra , Sikandar Raheel , Raza Amir , Khowaja Bakhtawar M Hanif , Parveen Fahmida , Khan Sehrish , Memon Nazia , Jahangir Arshia , Mirza Daayl Naim , Cheshire James , Dunlop Catherine Louise , Shakoor Sadia , Barolia Rubina , Sheikh Lumaan , Saleem Sarah , Coomarasamy Arri , Lissauer David 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveMaternal sepsis is the third leading cause of maternal mortality globally. WHO and collaborators developed a care bundle called FAST-M (Fluids,Antibiotics,Source identification and treatment,Transfer andMonitoring) for early identification and management of maternal sepsis in low-resource settings. This study aimed to determine feasibility of FAST-M intervention in a low-resource setting in Pakistan. The FAST-M intervention consists of maternal sepsis screening tools, treatment bundle and implementation programme.Design and settingA feasibility study with before and after design was conducted in women with suspected maternal sepsis admitted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences hospital Hyderabad. The study outcomes were compared between baseline and intervention phases. In the baseline phase (2 months), the existing sepsis care practices were recorded, followed by a training programme for healthcare providers on the application of FAST-M tools. These tools were implemented in the intervention phase (4 months) to assess any change in clinical practices compared with the baseline phase.ResultsDuring the FAST-M implementation, 439 women were included in the study. 242/439 were suspected maternal infection cases, and 138/242 were women with suspected maternal sepsis. The FAST-M bundle was implemented in women with suspected maternal sepsis. Following the FAST-M intervention, significant changes were observed. Improvements were seen in the monitoring of oxygen saturation measurements (25.5% vs 100%; difference: 74%; 95% CI: 68.4% to 80.5%; p<0.01), fetal heart rate assessment (58% vs 100%; difference: 42.0%; 95% CI: 33.7% to 50.3%; p≤0.01) and measurement of urine output (76.5% vs 100%; difference: 23.5%; 95% CI: 17.6% to 29.4%; p<0.01). Women with suspected maternal sepsis received all components of the treatment bundle within 1 hour of sepsis recognition (0% vs 70.5%; difference: 70.5%; 95% CI: 60.4% to 80.6%; p<0.01).ConclusionImplementation of the FAST-M intervention was considered feasible and enhanced early identification and management of maternal sepsis at the study site.Trial registration numberISRCTN17105658.
Awareness and readiness of mental healthcare providers to implement telemental health services and associated factors at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
Authors: Adem Jibril Bashir , Zeleke Tirualem , Walle Agmasie Damtew , Atinafu Wabi Temesgen , Tilahun Kefyalew Naniye , Melaku Mequannent Sharew , Kebede Shimels Derso 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo assess the awareness and readiness of mental healthcare providers to implement telemental health services and the associated factors at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted among mental health professionals working at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City from 4 May to 10 June 2022.ParticipantsA total of 413 (55.7% male and 44.3% female) health professionals participated in the study. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. All mental healthcare providers working at public referral hospitals in Addis Ababa City were considered as the source population. Mental healthcare providers who meet the inclusion criteria were considered the study population. Having a minimum diploma qualification and 6 months or more of work experience and giving written consent were considered the inclusion criteria.Outcome measureThe main outcome measure was awareness and readiness to implement telemental health services.ResultA total of 413 participants were enrolled, with a response rate of 90.6%. The prevalence of good awareness towards telemental health services was 41% (95% CI 37%, 47%). Being female (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.34; 95% CI 0.15, 0.76), having poor information technology support (AOR=0.32; 95% CI 0.11, 0.99) and having electronic health technology experience (AOR=1.21; 95% CI 1.1, 2.44) were significantly associated with awareness of telemental health services, whereas computer access at the workplace (AOR=0.04; 95% CI 0.003, 0.55) and awareness (AOR=4.34; 95% CI 1.02, 18.48) and attitude (AOR=1.01; 95% CI 1.03, 2.19) towards telemental health services were the variables that showed statistically significant association with readiness of mental healthcare providers for telemental health services.ConclusionAlthough majority of healthcare providers in this survey were prepared to implement telemental health services, there was typically little awareness among mental healthcare providers.
Patient financial incentives to improve asthma management: a systematic review
Authors: Hine Jasmine , Lee Bohee , Bush Andrew , De Simoni Anna , Griffiths Chris , Judah Gaby , Fleming Louise 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe objectives of this systematic review are to identify studies that assess the effectiveness of patient-directed financial incentive interventions to improve asthma management behaviours, determine overall effectiveness of financial incentives, identify design characteristics of effective interventions and assess the impact on longer-term outcomes in the context of asthma.DesignSystematic review with narrative synthesis.Data sourcesElectronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science) and grey literature sources (NHS Digital, CORE, ProQuest, Clinical Trials Register and EU Clinical Trials Register) were searched in November 2021 and updated March 2023.Eligiblity criteriaEligible articles assessed financial incentives to improve asthma management behaviours (attendance at appointments, medication adherence, tobacco smoke/allergen exposure, inhaler technique and asthma education) for patients with asthma or parents/guardians of children with asthma. Eligible study design included randomised controlled, controlled or quasi-randomised trials and retrospective/prospective cohort, case-controlled or pilot/feasibility studies.SynthesisA narrative synthesis was conducted; eligible studies were grouped by asthma management behaviours and financial incentive framework domains.ResultsWe identified 4268 articles; 8 met the inclusion criteria. The studies were from the USA (n=7) and the UK (n=1). Asthma management behaviours included attendance at appointments (n=4), reduction in smoke exposure (n=1) and medication adherence (n=3). Five studies demonstrated positive behaviour change, four of which were significant (attendance at appointments (n=3) showed significant differences between intervention and control: 73% and 49% in one study, 46.3% and 28.9% in another, and 35.7% and 18.9%, respectively; medication adherence (n=1) showed significant change from 80% during intervention to 33% post intervention). These four significant studies used ‘positive gain’, ‘certain’, ‘fixed’ financial incentives of smaller magnitude, given for ‘all’ instances of behaviour.ConclusionThere is some evidence that patient-directed financial incentives improve asthma management behaviours. However, in view of the wide heterogeneity in study design and measured outcomes, determining overall effectiveness was challenging.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021266679.
Effects of internalised racism and internalised homophobia on sexual behaviours among black gay and bisexual men in the USA: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Whitfield Darren L , Miller Rebekah S , Escobar-Viera César G , Mammadli Tural , Brown Andre L , Gordon Jacob D , Chandler Cristian 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionBlack gay and bisexual men are overburdened by HIV in the USA. While the socioecological model has been applied to understand potential mechanisms of HIV acquisition among black gay and bisexual men, there is mixed evidence on the impact of internalised stigma on HIV risk among this population. This systematic review protocol paper outlines the systematic review being conducted to determine the relationship between internalised racism, internalised homophobia and engagement in sexual behaviour, which puts individuals at risk for HIV infection.Methods and analysisFor the review, we will conduct a systematic review of the literature, summarise and critique published scholarly literature on the associations between forms of internalised stigma and sexual behaviours among black gay and bisexual men. We will conduct a systematic search of published qualitative and quantitative research studies published during and after 1993. The searches will be conducted in Ovid Medline, Ovid APA PsycInfo and EBSCO SocINDEX databases. Studies will be included if they were conducted in the USA, with samples that comprised African American/black cisgender gay, bisexual, queer and other men who have sex with men, measured internalised racism and/or internalised homophobia, and assessed sexual behaviour risk for HIV acquisition.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval will be required for this review. We will report our findings using the guidelines outlined by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Findings of this review may offer new opportunities to study internalised mechanisms impacting outcomes and to identify research gaps and spur additional queries in the group most disproportionately impacted by HIV.
Risk of cardiovascular disease associated with repeated proteinuria across annual kidney function screening among the middle-aged and older general population in Japan: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ohnishi Tsuyoshi , Mori Yuichiro , Fukuma Shingo 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between repetitive proteinuria and cardiovascular events among the middle-aged and older general Japanese population.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingWe used repeated health screening results and medical claim data from one of the largest health insurers in Japan.ParticipantsAmong the middle-aged and older participants (40–74 years, n=179 840), 90 752 were excluded for undergoing health screening fewer than two times and 344 were excluded for having a history of cardiovascular diseases; 88 744 who underwent kidney function screenings at least two times (from April 2011 to March 2015) were included in the analysis. Based on dipstick proteinuria test results, the participants were divided into ‘Repetitively-positive’ (positive two times or more (positive proteinuria was defined as≥1+)), ‘Once-positive’ and ‘All-negative’ groups.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome of major cardiovascular events from baseline screening to June 2021 was hospitalisation or death due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebrovascular diseases, heart failure (HF) or peripheral vascular diseases (PVDs). The association between proteinuria and major cardiovascular events was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsOf the 88 744 participants, 8775 (9.9%) and 5498 (6.2%) had Once-positive and Repetitively-positive proteinuria, respectively. During the follow-up period of 402 799 person-years (median 5.25 years), 660 cardiovascular events were observed, with an incidence of 1.64 per 1000 person-years (95% CI 1.52 to 1.77). Despite adjusting for major cardiovascular risk factors, we observed a high incidence of cardiovascular events in the Repetitively-positive (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.67 to 2.59) and Once-positive groups (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.72). We found similar associations for AMI, cerebrovascular disease, HF and PVD.ConclusionsProteinuria is often repeatedly detected during annual renal screening in the general population. Repetitive proteinuria is a risk factor for major cardiovascular events.