bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Panax notoginseng
Authors: Jiang Xue-Lian , Ma Gai-Fan , Zhao Bin-Bin , Meng Yan , Chen Lin-Lin 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Polysaccharides are important components of Panax notoginseng that contribute to its immunomodulatory ability. This study aimed to isolate polysaccharides from notoginseng and investigate the structural feature and potential immunomodulatory activity.Methods: The polysaccharide was isolated from notoginseng by anion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. Its preliminary structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The immunoregulatory function was further investigated in cyclophosphamide induced immunosuppressive mice, murine splenocytes and macrophages.Results: A novel homogeneous polysaccharide (PNPB1) was isolated from notoginseng with the molecular weight of 9.3 × 105 Da. Monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that PNPB1 consisted of Glc (88.2%), Gal (9.0%), Ara (2.4%) and trace GlcA, with the major backbone of (1→4)-linked α-Glcp, (1→6)-linked β-Glcp, and (1, 4→6)-linked β-Glcp. The polysaccharide was found to significantly enhance murine body weight, improve their thymus and spleen indices and increase the white blood cells (WBC). PNPB1 significantly enhanced splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NO and cytokine (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ) production, as well as the phagocytosis and TLR2 expression of peritoneal macrophages, indicating potent immunoenhancement effect.Discussion: These findings provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the structure and immune activity of notoginseng polysaccharides.
Lung recruitment by continuous negative extra-thoracic pressure support following one-lung ventilation: an experimental study
Authors: Schranc Álmos , Diaper John , Südy Roberta , Peták Ferenc , Habre Walid , Albu Gergely 
Published: May 2023

Lung recruitment maneuvers following one-lung ventilation (OLV) increase the risk for the development of acute lung injury. The application of continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP) is gaining interest both in intubated and non-intubated patients. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on the ability of CNEP support to recruit whole lung atelectasis following OLV. We investigated the effects of CNEP following OLV on lung expansion, gas exchange, and hemodynamics. Ten pigs were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated with pressure-regulated volume control mode (PRVC; FiO2: 0.5, Fr: 30–35/min, VT: 7 mL/kg, PEEP: 5 cmH2O) for 1 hour, then baseline (BL) data for gas exchange (arterial partial pressure of oxygen, PaO2; and carbon dioxide, PaCO2), ventilation and hemodynamical parameters and lung aeration by electrical impedance tomography were recorded. Subsequently, an endobronchial blocker was inserted, and OLV was applied with a reduced VT of 5 mL/kg. Following a new set of measurements after 1 h of OLV, two-lung ventilation was re-established, combining PRVC (VT: 7 mL/kg) and CNEP (−15 cmH2O) without any hyperinflation maneuver and data collection was then repeated at 5 min and 1 h. Compared to OLV, significant increases in PaO2 (154.1 ± 13.3 vs. 173.8 ± 22.1) and decreases in PaCO2 (52.6 ± 11.7 vs. 40.3 ± 4.5 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05 for both) were observed 5 minutes following initiation of CNEP, and these benefits in gas exchange remained after an hour of CNEP. Gradual improvements in lung aeration in the non-collapsed lung were also detected by electrical impedance tomography (p &lt; 0.05) after 5 and 60 min of CNEP. Hemodynamics and ventilation parameters remained stable under CNEP. Application of CNEP in the presence of whole lung atelectasis proved to be efficient in improving gas exchange via recruiting the lung without excessive airway pressures. These benefits of combined CNEP and positive pressure ventilation may have particular value in relieving atelectasis in the postoperative period of surgical procedures requiring OLV.
The ventilatory component of the muscle metaboreflex is overstimulated in transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis patients with poor aerobic capacity
Authors: Monfort Astrid , Thevenet Eugenie , Enette Lievyn , Fagour Cedric , Inamo Jocelyn , Neviere Remi 
Published: May 2023

Background: The exercise pressor reflex, i.e., metabo- and mechano-reflex, partially regulates the control of ventilation and cardiovascular function during exercise. Abnormal exercise pressor reflex response has been associated with exaggerated ventilatory drive, sympathovagal imbalance and exercise limitation in chronic heart failure patients. Whether metaboreflex is over-activated and participate to poor aerobic capacity in patients with hereditary transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (CA-TTR) is unknown.Methods: Twenty-two CA-TTR patients (aged 76 ± 7, 68% male) with the V122I (p.Val142Ile) transthyretin underwent a thorough evaluation including heart rate variability metrics, electrochemical skin conductance (ESC), physical function cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and muscle metaboreflex assessment. Eleven control subjects were chosen for muscle metaboreflex assessment.Results: Age-matched controls (n = 11) and CA-TTR patients (n = 22) had similar metaboreflex sensitivity for heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac index and mean systemic arterial pressure. Compared with age-matched controls, metaboreflex sensitivity for systemic vascular resistance (−18.64% ± 6.91% vs 3.14% ± 23.35%) and minute-ventilation responses (−9.65% ± 14.83% vs 11.84% ± 23.1%) was markedly increased in CA-TTR patients. Values of ESC displayed positive correlations with stroke volume (r = 0.53, p = 0.011) and cardiac index (r = 0.51, p = 0.015) components of metaboreflex sensitivity, an inverse correlation with systemic vascular resistance (r = −0.55, p = 0.008) and a trend with mean arterial (r = −0.42, p = 0.052) components of metaboreflex sensitivity. Peak aerobic capacity (peak VO2%) displayed an inverse correlation with the ventilation component of metaboreflex sensitivity (r = −0.62, p = 0.015).Conclusion: Consistent with the “muscle hypothesis” in heart failure, it is proposed that deterioration of skeletal muscle function in hereditary CA-TTR patients may activate muscle metaboreflex, leading to an increase in ventilation and sensation of breathlessness, the perception of fatigue, and overall sympathetic activation.
The influence of age on the match-to-match variability of physical performance in women’s elite football
Authors: Baptista Ivan , Winther Andreas K. , Pedersen Sigurd , Johansen Dag , Pettersen Svein Arne 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: The fluctuation of external match load throughout a season is influenced by several contextual factors. While some, have been deeply analysed in men’s football literature, information is lacking on how other contextual elements, such as player’s age or experience, may affect the match-to-match variability of locomotor activities. In fact, aging has been described as a multifactorial process with the potential to affect human performance. The aim of this study is to assess if the variability of match locomotor performances fluctuates according to the players’ age.Methods: 59 female players from four top-level clubs were divided into three age groups and monitored during two seasons using GPS APEX (STATSports, Northern Ireland), with a sampling frequency of 10Hz, in 150 official matches to determine the coefficient of variation (CV) of full-match and 1-min peak locomotor demands of total distance (TD), high-speed running distance, sprint distance (SpD), accelerations, and decelerations. To test whether there was a group effect of age on match-to-match variability we used a one-way ANOVA with CV% as the independent variable.Results: CV values of full match variables ranged from 3.8% to 27.8%, with total distance (3.8%) in the peak age group and SpD (27.8%) in the pre-peak age group. Similarly, CV values of 1-min peaks ranged from 4.1% (post-peak group) in TD to 22.3% (peak group) in SpD.Discussion: The main finding was that there were no significant differences between the different age groups in the metrics analysed although trends indicate less variability in the post-peak age group.
Self-concept explains gender differences in mental rotation performance after stereotype activation
Authors: Rahe Martina , Schürmann Linda , Jansen Petra 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMental rotation is an ability that usually displays robust and large gender differences in favor of boys and men. When participants are told that males outperform females, it can result in worse performance for females (stereotype threat effect) and better performance for males (stereotype lift effect). Because various studies show different results for the effect of stereotype activation, the present study aimed to investigate whether adolescents’ self-concept would moderate stereotype activation effects.Methods127 adolescents (61 male, 66 female) between 10 and 18  years (M = 13.54, SD = 1.99) solved the mental rotation test and filled out a questionnaire about their perceived performance, stereotype beliefs, and self-concept.ResultsResults showed that self-concept and stereotype activation affected male and female adolescents’ actual and perceived performance differently. For males, a better self-concept was associated with better performance in adolescents with stereotype activation and with lower performance in those without the activation. This interaction was only marginally significant. For females, an increasing self-concept was associated with worse performance in adolescents with stereotype activation and with better performance in those without activation. Furthermore, a better self-concept was associated with higher perceived performance in male adolescents with stereotype activation and with lower perceived performance without the activation.DiscussionReasons for these results could be the (in)congruence between males’ own perception of their abilities (self-concept) and the instruction of the activation.
Heterogeneity of resilience and the curvilinear relationship between childhood trauma and resilience among people with schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Weiliang , Zhang Jun , Zheng Xinzhu , Li Guohua , Zhou Yuqiu 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundAs a group with a high incidence of childhood trauma, the differential characteristics of resilience in schizophrenia and its relationship with childhood trauma are still unclear.MethodsA total of 626 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were selected from four psychiatric hospitals in northern China. Childhood trauma and resilience were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-short form (CTQ-SF) and Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), respectively. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify the potential classes of resilience. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) and restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to explore and determine the shape of the relationship between childhood trauma and resilience.ResultsModel fits of LPA showed three heterogeneous classes of resilience: moderate resilience levels (n = 312; 49.06%); high resilience levels (n = 171; 26.89%) and low resilience levels (n = 153; 24.06%). Resilience scores fluctuated depending on amount of exposure to childhood trauma. The GAMM results verified the non-linear relationship between resilience and childhood trauma, with an estimated degree of freedom higher than 1 (4.573) and p = 0.003. RCS fitted for ordinary least square (OLS) regression models determined a smooth continuous cubic curve of resilience across childhood trauma levels, and the two turning points of the curve line were 41.04 and 54.74 for childhood trauma.DiscussionOur findings confirm the people-specific differences in the level of resilience in schizophrenia and describe the cubic curvilinear relationship between childhood trauma and resilience, which provides data support for mechanistic research and intervention in related fields.
The Craving-Manager smartphone app designed to diagnose substance use/addictive disorders, and manage craving and individual predictors of relapse: a study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Serre Fuschia , Moriceau Sarah , Donnadieu Léa , Forcier Camille , Garnier Hélène , Alexandre Jean-Marc , Dupuy Lucile , Philip Pierre , Levavasseur Yannick , De Sevin Etienne , Auriacombe Marc ,   for Craving-Manager RCT investigator group
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe rate of individuals with addiction who are currently treated are low, and this can be explained by barriers such as stigma, desire to cope alone, and difficulty to access treatment. These barriers could be overcome by mobile technologies. EMI (Ecological Momentary Intervention) is a treatment procedure characterized by the delivery of interventions (messages on smartphones) to people in their daily lives. EMI presents opportunities for treatments to be available to people during times and in situations when they are most needed. Craving is a strong predictor of relapse and a key target for addiction treatment. Studies using Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) method have revealed that, in daily life, person-specific cues could precipitate craving, that in turn, is associated with a higher probability to report substance use and relapse in the following hours. Assessment and management of these specific situations in daily life could help to decrease addictive use and avoid relapse. The Craving-Manager smartphone app has been designed to diagnose addictive disorders, and assess and manage craving as well as individual predictors of use/relapse. It delivers specific and individualized interventions (counseling messages) composed of evidence-based addiction treatments approaches (cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness). The Craving-Manager app can be used for any addiction (substance or behavior). The objective of this protocol is to evaluate the efficacy of the Craving-Manager app in decreasing use (of primary substance(s)/addictive behavior(s)) over 4 weeks, among individuals on a waiting list for outpatient addiction treatment.Methods/designThis multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) will compare two parallel groups: experimental group (full interventional version of the app, 4 weeks, EMA + EMI), versus control group (restricted version of the app, 4 weeks, only EMA). Two hundred and seventy-four participants will be recruited in 6 addiction treatment centers in France.DiscussionThis RCT will provide indication on how the Craving-Manager app will reduce addictive use (e.g., better craving management, better stimulus control) in both substance and behavioral addictions. If its efficacy is confirmed, the app could offer the possibility of an easy to use and personalized intervention accessible to the greatest number of individuals with addiction.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04732676.
Case study of IMU loads and self-reported fatigue monitoring of water polo goalkeepers preparing for the Olympic games
Authors: Croteau Félix , Gaudet Sylvain , Briand Jeremy , Clément Julien 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMeasurement of training in water polo goalkeepers has focused first on psycho-physiological variables, but also on external volume estimated with wearable sensors. However, there are limited studies exploring training monitoring in water polo goalkeepers longitudinally.MethodsThree female senior national team goalkeepers participated in this study from May to August 2021. Internal loads were defined using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Tri-axial accelerations and angular velocities were measured with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) placed on the lower back to measure external loads. Relationships between self-reported and IMU-derived metrics were explored using Spearman correlations. Two-way ANOVAs were used to assess differences between session types and between athletes.ResultsIn total, 247 sessions were collected (159 practices, 67 matches and 21 game warm up), with 155 sessions having complete data. IMU metrics, such as number of kicks, number of jumps or player-load showed high correlation with each other (ρ = 0.80–0.88). There was also a moderate correlation (ρ = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.33–0.58) between sRPE and player-load measured with the IMU. ANOVA tests showed that there were significant differences between athletes for sRPE (p &lt; 0.01) but not for player load (p = 0.47). There were no interactions between athletes and training types, except for index score (p &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsThis study shows that monitoring of training loads can be performed successfully in water polo goalkeepers using a combination of self-reported and IMU measures. Self-reported outcomes can be expected to vary significantly across athletes within the same session, while IMU metrics vary across training situations. Finally, coaches should be mindful of missing data, as they can skew the interpretation of training loads.
MbNAC22, a Malus baccata NAC Transcription Factor, Increased Drought and Salt Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Jiao Kuibao , Han Jiaxin , Guo Baitao , Wu Yuqi , Zhang Lei , Li Yuze , Song Penghui , Han Deguo , Duan Yadong , Li Xingguo 
Published: May 2023

As an excellent grafting material, Malus baccata (L.) Borkh is native to Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other regions in China, with a strong adverse environmental adaptability. As a typical transcription factor, the NAC gene acts as a regulator in many molecular pathways responding to abiotic stress. However, research of NAC in the Malus baccata has just begun. In the present research, a new NAC transcription factor, MbNAC22, was obtained from the seedlings of Malus baccata, and its function in drought and salt treatments was studied by heterologous expression. The open reading frame of the MbNAC22 gene is 768, encoding 255 amino acids (aa). Through confocal microscopy, MbNAC22 was found to be located in the nucleus. The heterologous expression of MbNAC22 in Arabidopsis showed that it enhanced the viability of Arabidopsis under drought and salt treatments. Under stresses, the chlorophyll content of the plants decreased, but the decline of the overexpressed-MbNAC22 Arabidopsis was relatively low. Through phenotypic observation and determination of stress-related physiological indicators, it was found that compared with WT Arabidopsis, overexpressed-MbNAC22 Arabidopsis had a higher tolerance to stresses. Under stresses, the overexpression of MbNAC22 positively regulated ion-transport-related genes (AtNHX1 and AtSOS1), the key genes of the ABA pathway (AtNCED3 and AtDREB2A), the proline synthesis gene (AtP5CS2) and the drought-induced gene (AtERD11), while the expression of the leaf senescence-associated gene (AtSAG21) and programmed cell death related gene (AtAEP1) was inhibited. Therefore, we speculate that MbNAC22 responds positively to drought and salt stresses by regulating the expression of stress-related genes.
Iragankortasunaren dinamikaz zubereran, bigarren etapa: barneko ekonomia, hizkuntza ukipena eta edo egileari buruzko ikusmolde berria
Authors: "Battittu" Coyos Jean-Baptiste 
Published: May 2023

Artikulu hau zubereraren baliobiko aditz zenbaiti buruzko ikerketaren bigarren etapa da, “kasu adierazpen bikoitzekiko baliobiko aditzak” deitu direnak (FLV, 100, 2005). Zubereran, gaur egun, hogeita hamar bat aditz baino gehiago bi era ezberdinez eraikitzen dira, adiera berdinarekin. Kasu eta aditz-indize markatze bikoitza badute aditz laguntzailearen aldaketarekin. Aditz horiek aski apal dira iragankortasun semantiko eskalan. Era orokorrean, adineko hiztunek izan aditz laguntzailearekiko eraikuntzak nahiago dituzte erabilten; alderantziz gazteek *edün aditz laguntzailearekiko eraikuntzak nahiago lituzkete. Gehienetan bariazio edo aldaketa linguistiko baten baldintzapenaren argitaratzea zaila da. Postulatzen dugun bilakaeraren eragileak horiek izan daitezke:
– hizkuntzaren barneko ekonomia, erakarpen analogikoa, jakinez konkurrentzian diren bi aditz-eraikuntzak elkarrekin bizitzen baitira; izanekiko eraikuntzaren etekin funtzional apalari lotua den ordezkatzea, eta beraz oroimen ekonomia, bi argumentuen arteko bereizketa galdu gabe;
– hizkuntza ukipena: hizkuntzbarneko ukipena, zubereraren eta euskara batuaren artekoa edo beste euskalkiarekikoa aditz batzuen eraikuntzan eta hizkuntzarteko ukipena: euskara/frantsesa (zeharkako kalkoak);
– edo, eta hau da hipotesi ausartena, aztertzen dugun bilakaera hizkuntzaz kanpoko faktore batek erakarria litzateke, pentsaketa eta biziaren moduaren aldaketa zehazki, non gero eta gehiago nahigabeko esperientzia jasaiten duena (expérient, experiencer) egiletzat hartua den.
Ikerketa honen zailtasuna da balizko faktore horien egiaztatzea eta bakoitzaren pisua neurtzea, aztertu den aditzaren arabera. Ondorio gisa, faktore ezberdin hoien taula sintetiko bat emana da.
L’enseignement supérieur au prisme de l’université française : entre évolutions et transformations
Authors: Baron Myriam 
Published: May 2023

Tenter de caractériser les évolutions, voire les transformations de l’enseignement supérieur français suppose de faire des choix sur les temporalités à retenir et le type d’institution à privilégier. Les principales décisions concernant l’enseignement supérieur ont été prises durant les années 1960, puis à la fin des années 1980, enfin à la fin des années 2000 et 2010. Actuellement, les universités accueillent plus de 60 % des quelque 2,8 millions d’étudiants inscrits dans l’enseignement supérieur français. De plus, le baccalauréat constitue toujours le premier diplôme universitaire. Ce qui justifie de caractériser les évolutions de l’enseignement supérieur à partir des universités. Leurs évolutions ont été marquées par ce que certains ont appelé la démocratisation, d’autres la lutte contre les inégalités sociales. Les deux massifications de l’université (années 1960 et années 1990) ont ainsi conduit au développement des formations dites professionnalisantes (DUT, MIAGE, DESS) et à la multiplication des antennes universitaires et la création de nouvelles universités. À partir des années 2000, les niveaux européen et mondial se sont imposés aux universités, d’une part par la volonté de faire de l’Europe l’espace le plus attractif pour les étudiants en vue de devenir la première économie de la connaissance ; d’autre part par l’utilisation politique des classements internationaux visant à effacer le cadre national. Cette internationalisation ne doit pas faire oublier l’hétérogénéité des étudiants inscrits dans les universités et la manière dont ces dernières doivent la prendre en compte.