bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zn/Fe bimetallic modified Spartina alterniflora-derived biochar heterostructure with superior catalytic performance for the degradation of malachite green
Authors: Jing Hua , Ji Lili , Li Zilong , Wang Zhen , Li Ran , Ju Kaixuan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, the synchronous magnetized carbonization method was utilized for preparing photocatalysis ZnO-Fe@SC heterostructure, which exhibited degradation efficiency 99.14% (60 min) for malachite green (200 mg/L) and could still maintain good performance after 5 cycles. The prepared ZnO-Fe@SC was analyzed using UV–Vis DRS, PL, SEM, TEM, BET, FTIR, XPS and VSM, and LC–MS for degradation products. The results indicate that photocatalyst has favorable magnetic properties, chemical stability and low charge carriers (e−/h+) recombination rate. The modification of bimetals enables the composite photocatalyst to enhance the intensity of photogenerated electron transition. Moreover, quenching experiment revealed that the photo-generated holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (·O2−) were the dominant active species during the photocatalytic process, which degraded malachite green into small molecules by demethylation, deamination, ring-opening reactions as deducted from LC–MS analysis. ZnO-Fe@SC was prepared using a green, safe, low cost and operable synthetic method, which has a broad market potential in the field of environmental remediation.
Graphical Abstract
Adjectives and adverbs as stylometric analysis parameters
Authors: Lukin Eugenia , Roberts James Cooper , Berdik David , Mugar Eliana , Juola Patrick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study considers the role of adjectives and adverbs in stylometric analysis and authorship attribution. Adjectives and adverbs allow both for variations in placement and order (adverbs) and variations in type (adjectives). This preliminary study examines a collection of 25 English-language blogs taken from the Schler Blog corpus, and the Project Gutenberg corpus with specific emphasis on 3 works. Within the blog corpora, the first and last 100 lines were extracted for the purpose of analysis. Project Gutenberg corpora were used in full. All texts were processed and part-of-speech tagged using the Python NLTK package. All adverbs were classified as sentence-initial, preverbal, interverbal, postverbal, sentence-final, or none-of-the-above. The adjectives were classified into types according to the universal English type hierarchy (Cambridge Dictionary Online, 2021; Annear, 1964) manually by one of the authors. Ambiguous adjectives were classified according to their context. For the adverbs, the initial samples were paired and used as training data to attribute the final samples. This resulted in 600 trials under each of five experimental conditions. We were able to attribute authorship with an average accuracy of 9.7% greater than chance across all five conditions. Confirmatory experiments are ongoing with a larger sample of English-language blogs. This strongly suggests that adverbial placement is a useful and novel idiolectal variable for authorship attribution (Juola et al., 2021). For the adjective, differences were found in the type of adjective used by each author. Percent use of each type varied based upon individual preference and subject-matter (e.g. Moby Dick had a large number of adjectives related to size and color). While adverbial order and placement are highly variable, adjectives are subject to rigid restrictions that are not violated across texts and authors. Stylometric differences in adjective use generally involve the type and category of adjectives preferred by the author. Future investigation will focus, likewise, on whether adverbial variation is similarly analyzable by type and category of adverb.
Impacts of PAH accumulation on reproductive hormones, indices of oxidative stress and BPDE-albumin adduct in women with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: El-Sikaily Amany , Helal Mohamed , Nsonwu-Anyanwu Augusta Chinyere , Azab Hossam , Abd ElMoneim Neveen , Farahat Eman Othman Salem , Saad Aziza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChronic exposure to Poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Disruption of hormonal and redox balance by toxic PAH metabolites may interfere with successful pregnancy leading to miscarriage. The association of exposure to PAH contaminated mussel via the dietary route with perturbations in reproductive hormones, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and PAH metabolites were assessed in women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Furthermore, an analysis of the concentration of PAHs in environmentally relevant bivalve animals was performed to preliminary get insights into the levels of these pollutants in the environment. Seventy-six women (20–35 years) were categorized into 18 fertile women without RPL (control), and Groups I, II, and III comprising 24, 18, and 16 women with RPL (2, 3, and > 3 abortions respectively) were studied. Whole blood samples were collected for the estimation of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), progesterone (P4), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), benzo[a]pyren-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide-albumin adduct (BPDE-albumin) and urine for α-naphthol and β-naphthol. Two species of mussel Donax trunculus and Andar aduloii samples were collected for the estimation of 16 priority PAHs. The concentration of PAHs exceeding the maximum limits was observed in the two species of mussels studied. Higher levels of BPDE-albumin, MDA, GST, α and β-naphthol and lower GSH, catalase, FSH, and P4 were observed in women with RPL (Groups I-III) compared to controls (p =  < 0.001). Negative associations were observed between BPDE-albumin and catalase (r = − 0.276, p = 0.036), and GSH (r = − 0.331, p = − 0.011) only in women with RPL. Collectively, our findings indicate a possible association of chronic PAH accumulation with recurrent pregnancy loss in women.
Graphical abstract

High PAH exposure in pregnant women is associated with 10-epoxide-albumin adduct formation and high
MDA levels in their sera. On the other hand, PAH exposure in those women led to a decrease in their
GSH, catalase, P4, and FSH sera levels. These findings indicate that PAH exposure can exert different
physiological effects in pregnant women leading to a high level of abortion in those women.
Digital Rights and the Outer Limits of International Human Rights Law
Authors: Shany Yuval 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores the extent to which key normative and institutional responses to the challenges raised by the digital age are compatible with, or interact with, changes in key features of the existing international human rights law (IHRL) framework. Furthermore, the article claims that the IHRL framework is already changing, partly due to its interaction with digital human rights. This moving normative landscape creates new opportunities for promoting human rights in the digital age, but might also raise new concerns about the political acceptability of IHRL. Following an introduction, Section B of the article will describe the development of digital human rights, using a “three generations” typology. Section C will explain how new developments in the field of digital human rights coincide with broader developments in IHRL, including: the extra-territorial application of human rights, obligations on governments to actively regulate private businesses and the erosion of normative boundaries separating specific human rights treaties from other parts of IHRL and international law. These two segments are followed by concluding remarks.
Indigenous and Popular Struggle for Realist Utopias in Bolivia and Ecuador
Authors: Gustafson Bret 
Published: May 2023

This essay reviews the following works:The Sovereign Street: Making Revolution in Urban Bolivia. By Carwil Bjork-James. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2020. Pp. 304. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780816540150.Social Movements and Radical Populism in the Andes: Ecuador and Bolivia in Comparative Perspective. By Jennifer N. Collins. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2021. Pp. 299. $120.00 hardcover. ISBN 978-1-4985-7233-0.La izquierda latinoamericana contra los pueblos: El caso ecuatoriano (2007–2013). By Pierre Gaussens. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe, 2018. Pp. 390 paperback. ISBN 978–607–30–0489–3.Water for All: Community, Property, and Revolution in Modern Bolivia. By Sarah T. Hines. Oakland: University of California Press, 2021. Pp. 320. $85.00 hardcover. ISBN: 978–0520381636.Indigenous Revolution in Ecuador and Bolivia, 1990–2005. By Jeffery M. Paige. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2020. Pp. xix +330. $65.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780816540143.Del sueño a la pesadilla: El movimiento indígena en Ecuador. By Fernando García Serrano. Quito: Editorial FLACSO Ecuador, 2021. Pp. xvi + 259. $18.00 paperback. ISBN: 9789978675519.Pachamama Politics: Campesino Water Defenders and the Anti-Mining Movement in Andean Ecuador. By Teresa A. Velásquez. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2022. Pp. 288 $55 hardcover. ISBN: 9780816544738Candidate Matters: A Study of Ethnic Parties, Campaigns, and Elections in Latin America. By Karleen Jones West. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020. Pp. x + 228 $74.00 hardcover. ISBN: 978–0190068844.
How do medical students want to learn ENT? Perspectives from a consensus forum
Authors: Wilson Emily , Choy Matthew , Nunney Ian , Ta Ngan Hong , Tailor Bhavesh V , Smith Matthew E 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe UK Medical Licensing Assessment curriculum represents a consensus on core content, including ENT-related content for newly qualified doctors. No similar consensus exists as to how ENT content should be taught at medical school.MethodA virtual consensus forum was held at the 2nd East of England ENT Conference in April 2021. A syllabus of ENT-related items was divided into ‘Presentations’, ‘Conditions’ and ‘Practical procedures’. Twenty-seven students, 11 foundation doctors and 7 other junior doctors voted via anonymous polling for the best three of nine methods for teaching each syllabus item.ResultsFor ‘Presentations’ and ‘Conditions’, work-based or clinical-based learning and small-group seminars were more popular than other teaching methods. For ‘Practical procedures’, practical teaching methods were more popular than theoretical methods.ConclusionStudents and junior doctors expressed a clear preference for clinical-based teaching and small-group seminars when learning ENT content. E-learning was poorly favoured despite its increasing use.
Comparison of three different image enhancement systems for detection of laryngeal lesions
Authors: Kraus Fabian , Gehrke Sven , Ehrmann-Müller Desiree , Hofer Frank , Shehata-Dieler Wafaa , Hagen Rudolf , Scherzad Agmal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveImage enhancement systems are important diagnostic tools in the detection of laryngeal pathologies. This study aimed to compare three different image enhancement systems: professional image enhancement technology, Image1 S and narrow-band imaging.MethodUsing the three systems, 100 patients with laryngeal lesions were investigated using a flexible and a 30° rigid endoscope. The lesions were diagnosed by three experts and classified using the Ni classification. The findings were compared.ResultsLesions classified as ‘benign’ were histopathologically confirmed in 50 per cent of patients, malignant lesions were confirmed in 41 per cent and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis were confirmed in 9 per cent. There was no significant difference between the experts’ assessments of each image enhancement system.ConclusionThe three systems give comparable results in the detection of laryngeal lesions. With two additional systems, more users can perform image-enhanced endoscopy, resulting in a broadly available tool that can help to improve oncological assessment.
‘We are our land’—Ogiek of Mount Elgon, Kenya: securing community tenure as the key enabling condition for sustaining community lands
Authors: Kenrick Justin , Rowley Tom , Kitelo Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe outline how securing the community tenure rights of forest peoples can create a rapid, rights-based route to the effective and sustainable conservation of their forests. We draw on the different skillsets and experiences of the authors (long-term fieldwork, mapping and monitoring, and a lifetime of experience) to identify the conditions that enable the Ogiek of Chepkitale, Mount Elgon, Kenya, to sustain and be sustained by their lands. We also identify the conditions that drive the disruption of this sustainable relationship through an appropriation of Ogiek resources by external interests that threaten to degrade, alienate and destroy their ecosystem. It is increasingly recognized that securing sustainable conservation outcomes can be best achieved through the deep knowledge, connection and commitment that ancestral communities have regarding their lands. Evidence from Mount Elgon and more broadly shows that Indigenous Peoples are better guardians of their forests than international or state protection agencies. This challenges the idea that evicting forest peoples is the best way to protect forests. Other studies, including those conducted by the Kenyan governmental Taskforce on Illegal Logging, highlight the way Kenyan state agencies such as the Kenya Forest Service have been responsible for the severe depletion of Indigenous forests. We examine how collective community control can enable decisions to be made in line with taking care of community lands over the long term, but also highlight how this ability is under constant threat until and unless national law and practice recognizes the collective tenure rights of such communities.
How do aspects of selfhood relate to depression and anxiety among youth? A meta-analysis
Authors: Yeo GeckHong , Tan Cameron , Ho Dean , Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdolescents' sense of self has important implications for their mental health. Despite more than two decades of work, scholars have yet to amass evidence across studies to elucidate the role of selfhood in the mental health of adolescents. Underpinned by the conceptual model of selfhood, this meta-analytic review investigated the strength of associations of different facets of selfhood and their associated traits with depression and anxiety, moderating factors that attenuate or exacerbate these associations, and their causal influences. Using mixed-effects modeling, which included 558 effect sizes from 298 studies and 274 370 adolescents from 39 countries, our findings revealed that adolescents' self-esteem/self-concept [r = −0.518, p < 0.0001; (95% CI −0.49 to −0.547)] and self-compassion [r = −0.455, p < 0.0001; (95% CI −0.568 to −0.343)] demonstrating largest effect sizes in their associations with depression. Self-esteem/self-concept, self-compassion, self-awareness, self-efficacy, and self-regulation had similar moderate negative associations with anxiety. Meta-regressions revealed that adolescent age and type of informants (parents v. adolescents) were important moderators. Findings on causal influences indicated bidirectional causations, particularly low self-esteem/self-concept, self-awareness and self-efficacy drive higher depression and vice-versa. In contrast, the different self traits did not demonstrate specific causal direction with anxiety. These results pinpoint self traits that are pivotal in relating to adolescent mental health functioning. We discussed the theoretical implications of our findings in terms of how they advance theory of selfhood for adolescent mental health, and the practical implications of building selfhood as cultivating psychological skills for mental health.
The role of phonology-to-orthography consistency in predicting the degree of pupil dilation induced in processing reduced and unreduced speech
Authors: Mukai Yoichi , Järvikivi Juhani , Tucker Benjamin V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe relationship between the ways in which words are pronounced and spelled has been shown to affect spoken word processing, and a consistent relationship between pronunciation and spelling has been reported as a possible cause of unreduced pronunciations being easier to process than reduced counterparts although reduced pronunciations occur more frequently. In the present study, we investigate the effect of pronunciation-to-spelling consistency for reduced and unreduced pronunciations in L1 and L2 listeners of a logographic language. More precisely, we compare L1 and L2 Japanese listeners to probe whether they use orthographic information differently when processing reduced and unreduced speech. Using pupillometry, the current study provides evidence that extends the hypothesis about the role of orthography in the processing of reduced speech. Orthographic realization matters in processing for L1 and L2 advanced listeners. More specifically, how consistent the orthographic realization is with its phonological form (phonology-to-orthography consistency) modulates the extent to which reduced pronunciation induces additional processing costs. The results are further discussed in terms of their implications for how listeners process reduced speech and the role of the orthographic form in speech processing.
“The Spawn of Slavery”? Race, State Capacity, and the Development of Carceral Institutions in the Postbellum South
Authors: Schwarz Susanne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe end of the Civil War brought freedom to 3.9 million formerly enslaved people. Yet, almost immediately following the war, Southern states started to incarcerate freedpeople at unprecedented rates in an effort to reinstate racial hierarchies in the post-Emancipation era. Not before long, Southern states introduced new carceral institutions, most notably the convict-lease system, under which prisoners were leased out as laborers to private contractors for the duration of their sentence. The emergence of convict leasing has often been portrayed as a programmatic attempt by the Southern whites to find an alternative to antebellum chattel slavery.1 Paying special attention to the sequencing of political events during Reconstruction, I revisit this story by highlighting the role that state capacity and public finance played in the introduction of the policy. As conviction numbers swelled after Emancipation, the carceral capacity of Southern penitentiaries was quickly overwhelmed, prompting Reconstruction legislatures and governors to search for alternatives to conventional imprisonment. I argue that convict leasing emerged from these capacity challenges as a cost-effective solution that initially enjoyed broad bipartisan support. Over time, leasing grew more profitable, both for the state governments and the lessees, and abolition efforts were stalled for decades, even when the system became increasingly abusive. Using a range of archival materials, I illustrate these carceral developments in an in-depth case study of the origins of convict leasing in Georgia.
Recombinant angiotensin II therapy in a child with cardiac dysfunction and Pandoraea and Candida sepsis
Authors: Kim Michael E. , Goldstein Stuart L. , Chlebowski Meghan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecombinant angiotensin II is an emerging drug therapy for refractory hypotension. Its use is relevant to patients with disruption of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system denoted by elevated direct renin levels. We present a child that responded to recombinant angiotensin II in the setting of right ventricular hypertension and multi-organism septic shock.
Analysis of OCRs measured with SSD and SAD setups; a step to speed up cyberknife commissioning
Authors: Shahban Muhammad , Shahzadi Nazia Neelam , Ur Rahman Saeed , Faheem Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Measurement of off-centre ratios (OCRs) is a requirement for the commissioning of cyberknife. The fixed source to axis distance (SAD) technique is required for the measurement of OCRs which is time-consuming and tedious. The fixed source to surface distance (SSD) technique, on the other hand, is easy to set up and requires less time. The OCRs have been measured with SAD and SSD setup and compared to assess the difference between each other.

Material and Methods:
The research is carried out on an Accuracy cyberknife M6, installed at NORI Cancer Hospital Islamabad. The OCRs are measured with Sun Nuclear ‘EDGE’ diode detector on a Sun Nuclear SNC 3D dosimetry system. The OCRs were measured for 12 cones and at three depths. Each OCR measured with the SAD setup is compared with the corresponding OCR measured with SSD setup using % dose distance and distance to agreement (2%/0·2mm).

Results:
For the within-the-beam and out-of-the beam regions, both OCRs are matching with each other. The percentage difference is in the order of less than 1% while the distance-to-agreement results in 100% matching for all cones and all depths. For the penumbra region, the percentage difference is higher than the other two regions. The maximum percentage difference is 2·96%. Generally, the percentage difference is higher for small cones and for OCRs measured at larger depths.

Conclusion:
The OCRs on a cyberknife system measured with a fixed SSD setup and fixed SAD setup coincide within an acceptable limit and can be measured with both setups with similar accuracy.
“There Is Nothing So Sacred as Human Life”: Infanticide and the State in Maine, 1877–1917
Authors: Hough Mazie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFrom 1877 to 1896, Maine courts sentenced six women accused of infanticide to imprisonment for life. This harsh punishment was in stark contrast to the more lenient punishments given infanticides elsewhere. A close look at these cases through court documents, newspaper accounts, pardon petitions, and attorney general reports suggests that the trials marked a shift in the justice system in Maine as the state increasingly asserted its control over the communities’ response to crime. Historically, women’s expertise with regard to women’s bodies provided a place for them within the local legal system. Under the purview of the state’s attorneys general, the state increasingly assumed control over the detection, adjudication, and punishment of crime. While community members responded to crime with attention to the individual and the circumstances, the state called for the universal application of the written law regardless of the context and claimed that swift and inevitable retribution was necessary to protect all. This shift from the local to the state had a particular impact on women and their role within the community. Long accustomed to arbitrating issues surrounding pregnancy, women found their power to do so subverted and replaced by middle class professionals in distant urban locations.