bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving population‐level refractive error monitoring via mixture distributions
Authors: Fricke Timothy R. , Keay Lisa , Resnikoff Serge , Tahhan Nina , Koumbo Ornella , Paudel Prakash , Ayton Lauren N. , Britten‐Jones Alexis Ceecee , Kweon Suhyun , Li Josephine C. H. , Lee Ling , Wagner Peter , Weng Rebecca , Beranger Boris , Olivier Jake 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSampling and describing the distribution of refractive error in populations is critical to understanding eye care needs, refractive differences between groups and factors affecting refractive development. We investigated the ability of mixture models to describe refractive error distributions.MethodsWe used key informants to identify raw refractive error datasets and a systematic search strategy to identify published binned datasets of community‐representative refractive error. Mixture models combine various component distributions via weighting to describe an observed distribution. We modelled raw refractive error data with a single‐Gaussian (normal) distribution, mixtures of two to six Gaussian distributions and an additive model of an exponential and Gaussian (ex‐Gaussian) distribution. We tested the relative fitting accuracy of each method via Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and then compared the ability of selected models to predict the observed prevalence of refractive error across a range of cut‐points for both the raw and binned refractive data.ResultsWe obtained large raw refractive error datasets from the United States and Korea. The ability of our models to fit the data improved significantly from a single‐Gaussian to a two‐Gaussian‐component additive model and then remained stable with ≥3‐Gaussian‐component mixture models. Means and standard deviations for BIC relative to 1 for the single‐Gaussian model, where lower is better, were 0.89 ± 0.05, 0.88 ± 0.06, 0.89 ± 0.06, 0.89 ± 0.06 and 0.90 ± 0.06 for two‐, three‐, four‐, five‐ and six‐Gaussian‐component models, respectively, tested across US and Korean raw data grouped by age decade. Means and standard deviations for the difference between observed and model‐based estimates of refractive error prevalence across a range of cut‐points for the raw data were −3.0% ± 6.3, 0.5% ± 1.9, 0.6% ± 1.5 and −1.8% ± 4.0 for one‐, two‐ and three‐Gaussian‐component and ex‐Gaussian models, respectively.ConclusionsMixture models appear able to describe the population distribution of refractive error accurately, offering significant advantages over commonly quoted simple summary statistics such as mean, standard deviation and prevalence.
Effect of Anterior Cervical Decompression Fusion and Partial Resection of Uncinate Vertebra Joint on Cervical Sagittal Sequence in Patients with Non‐Single‐Segment Radiculopathy and its Correlation with Curative Effect: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Zhu Jieyang , Feng Dapeng , Song Dehui , Dai Zhong , Chen Yaoning , Yan Xiaobing , Li Zhengwei 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAnalyze the effect of preservation or resection of the partial uncinate joint on the sagittal sequence of the cervical vertebrae in patients with non‐single‐segment radiculopathy and the correlation between the sagittal sequence of the cervical vertebrae and the long‐term effect after surgery, we explored whether it is necessary to perform partial resection of the uncinate joint in patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy undergoing anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF).MethodsThe study retrospectively analyzed 96 patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy with more than two segments from August 2016 to January 2021, who underwent ACDF (ACDF group, 45 patients) or ACDF combined with partial uncinate joint resection (ACDF + UT group, 51 patients). Partial resection of the uncinate joint indicated removal of part of the uncinate joint and osteophyte based on the compression of the nerve root during surgery, whereas the uncinate joints in the ACDF group were retained completely. The imaging data and functional scores of the two groups were recorded before surgery, 1 month after surgery, and at the last follow‐up. A paired t‐test or rank sum test was applied to analyze the data. In addition, the correlation between the imaging parameters and functional scores was validated using the Pearson's test.ResultsAll 96 patients successfully completed the surgery and were followed up for at least 12 months, with an average follow‐up time of 14 months. At the last follow‐up, the pain visual analog scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), and neck pain and disability scale (NPAD) scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those before surgery, and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was significantly higher than that before surgery. At the last follow‐up, compared with the ACDF+UT group, the NDI and NPAD scores in the ACDF group decreased more significantly (p < 0.05), and C2‐7SVA, △C2‐7SVA (the difference between C2‐7 SVA at last follow‐up and before operation), and T1S values decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The C2‐7 Cobb angle was positively correlated with the JOA score and T1S (p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the VAS, NDI, and NPAD scores and CGH‐C7SVA (p < 0.05). C2‐7SVA was positively correlated with CGH‐C7SVA and T1S (p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with non‐single‐segmental cervical spondylotic radiculopathy and ACDF with or without uncinate joint resection can have effective improvement in the clinical effect and sagittal balance; however, partial uncinate joint resection has a certain negative impact on the long‐term reconstruction of sagittal balance and long‐term effects in patients after surgery.
Expected impact of immunomodulatory agents during pregnancy: A newborn's perspective
Authors: Luo Yiyi , Acevedo Daniel , Baños Núria , Pluma Andrea , Castellanos‐Moreira Raúl , Moreno Estefania , Rodríguez‐García Sebastian , Deyà‐Martínez Angela , García‐García Ana , Quesada‐Masachs Estefania , Torres Mireia , Casellas Manel , Grados Dolors , Martí‐Castellote Celia , Antón Jordi , Vlagea Alexandru , Juan Manel , Esteve‐Solé Ana , Alsina Laia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe neonatal immune ontogeny begins during pregnancy to ensure that the neonate is well‐suited for perinatal life. It prioritizes Th2/M2 and regulatory responses over Th/M1 activity to avoid excessive inflammatory responses and to ensure immune tolerance and homeostasis. Newborns also present increased Th17/Th22 responses providing effective anti‐fungal immunity and mucosal protection. Intrauterine exposure to immune modulatory drugs with the placental transfer may influence the natural course of the fetal immune development. The vertical transfer of both biological therapy and small molecules begins during the first trimester through neonatal Fc receptor or placental diffusion, respectively, reaching its maximum transfer potential during the third trimester of pregnancy. Most of the biological therapy have a prolonged half‐life in newborn's blood, being detectable in infants up to 12 months after birth (usually 6–9 months). The use of immunomodulators during pregnancy is gaining global interest. Current evidence mainly reports birth‐related outcomes without exhaustive analysis of the on‐target side effect on the perinatal immune system ontogeny, the infection risk, or the immune dysregulation. The present review will focus on: (1) the main characteristics of the perinatal immune system to understand its specific features and vulnerabilities to immune modulation; (2) the mechanisms of placental transfer of immunomodulators; and (3) the immune changes reported to date in newborns exposed to immunomodulators with emphasis on the current concerns and gaps in knowledge.
A hybrid procedure of living donor liver transplantation for a pediatric patient with citrin deficiency
Authors: Kosaka Taiichiro , Soyama Akihiko , Fujita Takuro , Hara Takanobu , Matsushima Hajime , Imamura Hajime , Adachi Tomohiko , Hidaka Masaaki , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe application of laparoscopic procedures in the liver surgery has been growing. We herein present the first case of a pediatric patient who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using a hybrid procedure with hand‐assisted laparoscopic mobilization of the liver, subsequent explantation of the diseased liver, and implantation of the graft under direct vision.MethodsA 12‐year‐old girl with citrin deficiency was scheduled for LDLT with a left lobe graft. After making an 8‐cm upper midline incision, a 5‐mm trocar was placed at the umbilicus and the right upper abdomen. Mobilization of the right liver lobe was performed using a hand‐assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) procedure. After the extension of the midline incision, short hepatic vein dissection, encircling the right hepatic vein and hepatic hilum dissection was performed. Explantation of the liver and subsequent implantation of the liver graft were conducted under direct vision.ResultsSince the operation, her normal activities of daily life have been maintained with a normal liver function. Subsequently, her secondary sexual characteristics have recovered without any wound‐related complications.ConclusionsA hybrid LDLT procedure was feasible for a pediatric patient. This procedure's benefits are considered meaningful for pediatric patients as it does not disrupt the rectus muscles or nerves and achieves cosmesis.
Feit on the normative importance of harm
Authors: Folland Anna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn important objection to the Counterfactual Comparative Account (CCA) of harm is that the account fails to cohere with standard views about the normative significance of harm. In response, some proponents of CCA suggest that the concept of harm should play a more limited role in normative theorising than philosophers might usually think. This paper addresses the most elaborate defence of CCA of this sort, namely that by Neil Feit (2019) Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 22, 809–823, and argues that it is unsuccessful.
Reasonable Disagreement and Metalinguistic Negotiation
Authors: Sudarshan Saranga 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper defends a particular view of explaining reasonable disagreement: the Conceptual View. The Conceptual View is the idea that reasonable disagreements are caused by differences in the way reasonable people use concepts in a cognitive process to make moral and political judgements. But, that type of explanation is caught between either an explanatory weakness or an unparsimonious and potentially self‐undermining theory of concepts. When faced with deep disagreements, theories on the Conceptual View either do not have the resources to explain them, or can only explain them by committing to a completely new theory of concepts where all moral and political concepts are a unique type of concept. This paper shows how the Conceptual View can avoid this dilemma by adopting what I dub the ‘Metalinguistic Strategy’ for explaining reasonable disagreement. The Metalinguistic Strategy uses recent innovations in the philosophy of language on metalinguistic negotiation to explain reasonable disagreements whether they be ordinary or deep disagreements as genuine disagreements whilst maintaining our ordinary ideas about concepts.
Absence of detectable monkeypox virus DNA in 11,000 English blood donations during the 2022 outbreak
Authors: Knight Chanice , Andreani Julien , Garrett Neil , Winter Mark , Golubchik Tanya , Breuer Judy , Reynolds Claire , Brailsford Susan R. , Harvala Heli , Simmonds Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundA large, worldwide outbreak of mpox (formerly referred to as monkeypox) involving mainly men who have sex with men commenced in May 2022. We evaluated the frequency of positivity for the causative agent, monkeypox virus (MPXV), in blood donations collected in August 2022, during the outbreak period in Southern England.Methods/MaterialsThe sensitivity and specificity of an MPXV‐specific PCR and a generic non‐variola orthopoxvirus (NVO) PCR were evaluated using samples from mpox cases and synthetic DNA standards. Residual minipools from nucleic acid testing were obtained from 10,896 blood donors in Southern England, with 21% from London.ResultsMPXV and NVO PCRs were both capable of detection of single copies of target sequence with calculated limits of detection (LOD)90 s of 2.3 and 2.1 DNA copies and analytical sample sensitivities of 46 and 42 MPXV DNA copies/ml, respectively. 454 minipools produced from 10,896 unique donors were assayed for MPXV DNA by both methods. No positive minipools were detected by either PCR.ConclusionsAlthough blood donors are unrepresentative of the UK population in terms of MPXV infection risk, the uniformly negative MPXV DNA testing results provide reassurance that MPXV viraemia and potential transmission risk were rare or absent in donors during the outbreak period. Minipools from blood donors allow rapid implementation of large‐scale population‐based screening for emerging pathogens and represent an important resource for pandemic preparedness.
Different‐sized extracellular vesicles derived from stored red blood cells package diverse cargoes and cause distinct cellular effects
Authors: Oh Joo‐Yeun , Marques Marisa B. , Xu Xin , Li Jindong , Genschmer Kristopher R. , Phillips Edward , Chimento Melissa F. , Mobley James , Gaggar Amit , Patel Rakesh P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) occurs during cold storage of RBCs. Transfusion of EVs may contribute to adverse responses in recipients receiving RBCs. However, EVs are poorly characterized with limited data on whether distinct vesicles are formed, their composition, and potential biological effects.Study Design and MethodsStored RBC‐derived EVs were purified using protocols that separate larger microvesicle‐like EVs (LEVs) from smaller exosome‐like vesicles (SEVs). Vesicles were analyzed by electron microscopy, content of hemoglobin, heme, and proteins (by mass spectrometry), and the potential to mediate lipid peroxidation and endothelial cell permeability in vitro.ResultsSEVs were characterized by having an electron‐dense double membrane whereas LEVs had more uniform electron density across the particles. No differences in hemoglobin nor heme levels per particle were observed, however, due to smaller volumes, SEVs had higher concentrations of oxyHb and heme. Both particles contained antioxidant proteins peroxiredoxin‐2 and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, these were present in higher molecular weight fractions in SEVs suggesting either oxidized proteins are preferentially packaged into smaller vesicles and/or that the environment associated with SEVs is more pro‐oxidative. Furthermore, total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels were lower in SEVs. Both EVs mediated oxidation of liposomes that were prevented by hemopexin, identifying heme as the pro‐oxidant effector. Addition of SEVs, but not LEVs, induced endothelial permeability in a process also prevented by hemopexin.ConclusionThese data show that distinct EVs are formed during cold storage of RBCs with smaller particles being more likely to mediate pro‐oxidant and inflammatory effects associated with heme.
Role of NaV1.9 in inflammatory mediator‐induced activation of mouse airway vagal C‐fibres
Authors: Kim Joyce S. , Sun Hui , Meeker Sonya , Undem Bradley J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe influence of NaV1.9 on inflammatory mediator‐induced activation of airway vagal nodose C‐fibres was evaluated by comparing responses in wild‐type versus NaV1.9‐/‐ mice. A single‐cell RT‐PCR analysis indicated that virtually all nodose C‐fibre neurons expressed NaV1.9 (SCN11A) mRNA. Using extracellular electrophysiological recordings in an isolated vagally innervated mouse trachea–lung preparation, it was noted that mediators acting via G protein‐coupled receptors (PAR2), or ionotropic receptors (P2×3) were 70–85% less effective in evoking action potential discharge in the absence of NaV1.9. However, there was no difference in action potential discharge between wild‐type and NaV1.9‐/‐ when the stimulus was a rapid punctate mechanical stimulus. An analysis of the passive and active properties of isolated nodose neurons revealed no difference between neurons from wild‐type and NaV1.9‐/‐ mice, with the exception of a modest difference in the duration of the afterhyperpolarization. There was also no difference in the amount of current required to evoke action potentials (rheobase) or the action potential voltage threshold. The inward current evoked by the chemical mediator by a P2×3 agonist was the same in wild‐type versus NaV1.9‐/‐ neurons. However, the current was sufficient to evoke action potential only in the wild‐type neurons. The data support the speculation that NaV1.9 could be an attractive therapeutic target for inflammatory airway disease by selectively inhibiting inflammatory mediator‐associated vagal C‐fibre activation.
imageKey points
Inflammatory mediators were much less effective in activating the terminals of vagal airway C‐fibres in mice lacking NaV1.9.
The active and passive properties of nodose neurons were the same between wild‐type neurons and NaV1.9‐/‐ neurons.
Nerves lacking NaV1.9 responded, normally, with action potential discharge to rapid punctate mechanical stimulation of the terminals or the rapid stimulation of the cell bodies with inward current injections.
NaV1.9 channels could be an attractive target to selectively inhibit vagal nociceptive C‐fibre activation evoked by inflammatory mediators without blocking the nerves’ responses to the potentially hazardous stimuli associated with aspiration.
Algorithmic Spatial Form-Finding of Four-Fold Origami Structures Based on Mountain-Valley Assignments
Authors: Lu Chenhao , Chen Yao , Yan Jiayi , Feng Jian , Sareh Pooya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOrigami has attracted tremendous attention in recent years owing to its capability of inspiring and enabling the design and development of reconfigurable structures and mechanisms for applications in various fields such as robotics and biomedical engineering. The vast majority of origami structures are folded starting from an initial two-dimensional crease pattern. However, in general, the planar configuration of such a crease pattern is in a singular state when the origami starts to fold. Such a singular state results in different motion possibilities of rigid or non-rigid folding. Thus, planar origami patterns cannot act as reliable initial configurations for further kinematic or structural analyses. To avoid the singularities of planar states and achieve reliable structural configurations during folding, we introduce a nonlinear prediction–correction method and present a spatial form-finding algorithm for four-fold origami. In this approach, first, initial nodal displacements are predicted based on the mountain-valley assignments of the given origami pattern, which are applied to vertices to form an initial spatial and defective origami model. Subsequently, corrections of nodal displacements are iteratively performed on the defective model until a satisfactory nonplanar configuration is obtained. Numerical experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in the form-finding of both trivial and non-trivial four-fold origami tessellations. The obtained configurations can be effectively utilized for further kinematic and structural analyses. Additionally, it has been verified that corrected and nonplanar configurations are superior to initial configurations in terms of matrix distribution and structural stiffness.
Deep Multi-Modal U-Net Fusion Methodology of Thermal and Ultrasonic Images for Porosity Detection in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zamiela Christian , Jiang Zhipeng , Stokes Ryan , Tian Zhenhua , Netchaev Anton , Dickerson Charles , Tian Wenmeng , Bian Linkan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe developed a deep fusion methodology of nondestructive in-situ thermal and ex-situ ultrasonic images for porosity detection in laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM). A core challenge with the LBAM is the lack of fusion between successive layers of printed metal. Ultrasonic imaging can capture structural abnormalities by passing waves through successive layers. Alternatively, in-situ thermal images track the thermal history during fabrication. The proposed sensor fusion U-Net methodology fills the gap in fusing in-situ images with ex-situ images by employing a two-branch convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction and segmentation to produce a 2D image of porosity. We modify the U-Net framework with the inception and long short term memory (LSTM) blocks. We validate the models by comparing our single modality models and fusion models with ground truth X-ray computed tomography (XCT) images. The inception U-Net fusion model achieved the highest mean intersection over union score of 0.93.
Experimental Assessment of Thermohydraulic Performance of a Rectangular Solar Air Heater Duct Using Twisted V-Shaped Staggered Ribs
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Layek Apurba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present experimental effort aims to determine the thermohydraulic performance of a rectangular solar air heater duct with V-shaped ribs staggered over the absorber plate. The performance test is conducted with variable roughness constraints, including relative roughness pitch (P/e) values between 7 and 11, relative staggered distance (d/e) values between 2 and 6, and relative arm length of twisted V-rib (S/e) values between 4.39 and 10.26, and flow Reynolds number values between 3000 and 21,000. The method of liquid crystal thermography is used to observe the dispersion of the Nusselt number over the roughened absorber surface. The maximum Nusselt number and friction factor enhancement ratio for roughened surfaces is determined to be 3.43 and 2.57 times that of a smooth plate, respectively. The parameters of rib configurations are adjusted based on the achieving greatest thermohydraulic performance (THP) index, which corresponds to P/e of 9, d/e of 4, and S/e of 6.15, yielding an optimum thermohydraulic performance measure of 2.69.
Modeling and Optimal Design of a Desalination System Integrated Between a Glass-Covered Solar Collection Water Chamber and a Heat Dissipating Chimney
Authors: Hu Qichao , Li Peiwen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Solar thermal energy is trapped in a glass-covered water chamber/basin to provide the heat for evaporation of brackish water in a novel desalination system. To harvest clean water, a chimney is integrated with the water basin, which draws air into the chamber to be humidified by the vapor and then being ventilated via buoyance force. Uniquely, thermal conductive metal sheet is recommended to make the chimney, which allows the vapor in the humid air condenses easily when flowing up. The condensate at the inner wall of the chimney flows down to be collected as clean water. Mathematical modeling and numerical computation have been carried out to delineate the coupling of the buoyance-force-driven flow with the heat and mass transfer of air and water in the solar collection chamber and the condensation of vapor in the heat-dissipating chimney. The objective of the simulation and optimization of the system is to find the best match of the dimensions of the water chamber with a chimney to maximize the production of clean water and energy efficiency. The model has been used to simulation several cases (of water from 40 °C to 50 °C) with available experimental data from the authors’ previous work, and the agreement was satisfactory. The optimization studies found that there is a maximum air flowrate corresponding to a critical chimney height due to the requirement that the chimney is designated to dissipate heat as much as possible to condense water vapor. With the chimney height greater than the critical height, the airflow rate will have a slight decrease. Nevertheless, higher than a critical height is still needed for a chimney to condense more moisture. Optimized chamber diameters at different chimney heights are provided for reference of optimal system designs.