bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ willingness to accept gene-edited fruit—An application to quality traits for fresh table grapes
Authors: Uddin Azhar , Gallardo R Karina , Rickard Bradley , Alston Julian , Sambucci Olena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the increasing number of applications in agriculture of gene editing, specifically CRISPR, it is important to understand consumers’ perceptions of this breeding technology. We estimate consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for selected quality attributes of table grapes developed using either conventional breeding or CRISPR. Results show that the willingness-to-pay values for the selected table grape attributes were ranked in the same order for both breeding technologies. We found a slight discount in the overall WTP for table grapes produced using CRISPR compared with conventional breeding, but this discount was neither economically nor statistically significant. Our findings highlight consumers’ preferences for eating-experience attributes—e.g. sweetness and crispness. Results in this study advance the understanding of consumers’ perceptions, contributing to strategies for promoting broader acceptance of CRISPR in the marketplace.
ESTIMATION OF THE GAMMA-RAY FIELD IN AIR FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES IN THE GROUND BY NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF THE BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUATION
Authors: Askri Boubaker , Manai Kais , Bouzouita Ahlem , Zaidi Emna , Trabelsi Adel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray field in air from radioactive sources uniformly distributed in the ground is calculated by numerically solving the photon transport equation. The scattered flux is developed on the Legendre polynomials basis of the spherical harmonics method and a double P1 approximation is applied. The method is implemented in the Octave programming package. The calculation of the gamma-ray field is also done by Monte Carlo simulation using an optimised geometry model of the soil-air medium that is implemented in Geant4 simulation code. The results obtained by the two methods are in good agreement. The computing time for the spherical harmonics deterministic method is significantly less than the Monte Carlo simulation. Dose rate conversion factors in the air are calculated for the natural radioactive series of 238U and 232Th and for 40K nuclide and for soils contaminated by various radionuclides. The results are in agreement with the published theoretical and experimental studies.
Neural Correlates of Formal Thought Disorder Dimensions in Psychosis
Authors: Maderthaner Lydia , Pavlidou Anastasia , Lefebvre Stephanie , Nadesalingam Niluja , Chapellier Victoria , von Känel Sofie , Kyrou Alexandra , Alexaki Danai , Wüthrich Florian , Weiss Florian , Baumann-Gama Daniel , Wiest Roland , Strik Werner , Kircher Tilo , Walther Sebastian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisFormal thought disorder (FTD) is a core symptom of psychosis, but its neural correlates remain poorly understood. This study tested whether four FTD dimensions differ in their association with brain perfusion and brain structure.Study DesignThis cross-sectional study investigated 110 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Thought and Language Disorder scale (TALD) was utilized, which comprises four subscales: Objective Positive (OP), Objective Negative (ON), Subjective Positive (SP), and Subjective Negative (SN). Resting-state cerebral blood flow (rsCBF), cortical thickness (CortTh), gray matter volume (GMV), and diffusion MRI tractography were tested for associations with TALD subscales controlling for age, medication, total intracranial volume, and for variance of the 3 other TALD subscales.Study ResultsFollowing Bonferroni correction, the FTD dimensions presented distinct neural correlates. OP scores were associated with increased rsCBF and increased GMV in the right cerebellum lingual gyrus. Higher SP scores were linked to increased GMV in bilateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, ON was associated with increased GMV in the right premotor cortex. At more liberal statistical thresholds, higher SP was associated with increased CortTh in the right inferior frontal gyrus, whereas SN scores were linked to decreased GMV in the right prefrontal lobe, the left inferior temporal gyrus, and the left supplementary motor area. Unadjusted analyses mostly corroborated these findings.ConclusionThese findings stress the heterogeneity in FTD, suggesting distinct neural patterns for specific FTD experiences. In sum, FTD in psychosis may require distinct treatment strategies and further mechanistic investigations on single-item levels.
Active Inference, Epistemic Value, and Uncertainty in Conceptual Disorganization in First-Episode Schizophrenia
Authors: Limongi Roberto , Silva Angelica M , Mackinley Michael , Ford Sabrina D , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground and HypothesisActive inference has become an influential concept in psychopathology. We apply active inference to investigate conceptual disorganization in first-episode schizophrenia. We conceptualize speech production as a decision-making process affected by the latent “conceptual organization”—as a special case of uncertainty about the causes of sensory information. Uncertainty is both minimized via speech production—in which function words index conceptual organization in terms of analytic thinking—and tracked by a domain-general salience network. We hypothesize that analytic thinking depends on conceptual organization. Therefore, conceptual disorganization in schizophrenia would be both indexed by low conceptual organization and reflected in the effective connectivity within the salience network.Study DesignWith 1-minute speech samples from a picture description task and resting state fMRI from 30 patients and 30 healthy subjects, we employed dynamic causal and probabilistic graphical models to investigate if the effective connectivity of the salience network underwrites conceptual organization.Study ResultsLow analytic thinking scores index low conceptual organization which affects diagnostic status. The influence of the anterior insula on the anterior cingulate cortex and the self-inhibition within the anterior cingulate cortex are elevated given low conceptual organization (ie, conceptual disorganization).ConclusionsConceptual organization, a construct that explains formal thought disorder, can be modeled in an active inference framework and studied in relation to putative neural substrates of disrupted language in schizophrenia. This provides a critical advance to move away from rating-scale scores to deeper constructs in the pursuit of the pathophysiology of formal thought disorder.
Impact of Early-Life Factors on Risk for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Robinson Natassia , Ploner Alexander , Leone Marica , Lichtenstein Paul , Kendler Kenneth S , Bergen Sarah E 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) have shared genetic risk and clinical symptoms, yet the extent to which environmental risk factors are shared is not well known. We aimed to examine the associations of early-life environmental exposures with the risk of SCZ and BD.

Study Design
We conducted a Swedish register-based nested case–control study using 4184 SCZ and 18 681 BD cases diagnosed 1988–2013, individually matched to 5 population-based controls by birth year, sex and birthplace. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate the risk of SCZ and BD by seasonality, severe prenatal infections, and perinatal factors.

Study Results
Seasonality had similar patterns of risk for both disorders: Higher risk for births November–December; lower risk April–June. Experiencing any perinatal factor was associated with a significantly higher risk of SCZ (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.19, 95%CI 1.11–1.63) and to a lesser extent BD (IRR 1.08, 95%CI 1.05–1.12). Prenatal infections were only associated with a greater risk of SCZ (IRR 1.30, 95%CI 1.04–1.63). In the mutually adjusted model, only perinatal factors were associated with outcomes. Several perinatal factors were associated with both disorders, but estimates were significantly higher for SCZ for low birth weight, low APGAR, and high parity. Congenital malformations were only associated with risk of SCZ, and jaundice with BD.

Conclusions
Adverse perinatal factors and winter birth were the risk factors for both disorders, while severe prenatal infections were only risk a factor for SCZ. Early-life exposures were associated with a higher risk of both disorders, but may play a larger role in the development of SCZ than BD.
Language and Psychosis: Tightening the Association
Authors: Tan Eric J , Sommer Iris E C , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis special issue of DISCOURSE in Psychosis focuses on the role of language in psychosis, including the relationships between formal thought disorder and conceptual disorganization, with speech and language markers and the neural mechanisms underlying these features in psychosis. It also covers the application of computational techniques in the study of language in psychosis, as well as the potential for using speech and language data for digital phenotyping in psychiatry.
Natural Language Processing Markers for Psychosis and Other Psychiatric Disorders: Emerging Themes and Research Agenda From a Cross-Linguistic Workshop
Authors: Corona Hernández Hugo , Corcoran Cheryl , Achim Amélie M , de Boer Janna N , Boerma Tessel , Brederoo Sanne G , Cecchi Guillermo A , Ciampelli Silvia , Elvevåg Brita , Fusaroli Riccardo , Giordano Silvia , Hauglid Mathias , van Hessen Arjan , Hinzen Wolfram , Homan Philipp , de Kloet Sybren F , Koops Sanne , Kuperberg Gina R , Maheshwari Kritika , Mota Natalia B , Parola Alberto , Rocca Roberta , Sommer Iris E C , Truong Khiet , Voppel Alban E , van Vugt Marieke , Wijnen Frank , Palaniyappan Lena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis workshop summary on natural language processing (NLP) markers for psychosis and other psychiatric disorders presents some of the clinical and research issues that NLP markers might address and some of the activities needed to move in that direction. We propose that the optimal development of NLP markers would occur in the context of research efforts to map out the underlying mechanisms of psychosis and other disorders. In this workshop, we identified some of the challenges to be addressed in developing and implementing NLP markers-based Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSSs) in psychiatric practice, especially with respect to psychosis. Of note, a CDSS is meant to enhance decision-making by clinicians by providing additional relevant information primarily through software (although CDSSs are not without risks). In psychiatry, a field that relies on subjective clinical ratings that condense rich temporal behavioral information, the inclusion of computational quantitative NLP markers can plausibly lead to operationalized decision models in place of idiosyncratic ones, although ethical issues must always be paramount.
Immunomodulatory Functions of Adipose Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Derived From Donors With Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity on CD4 T Cells
Authors: Mahmoud Marwa , Juntunen Miia , Adnan Amna , Kummola Laura , Junttila Ilkka S , Kelloniemi Minna , Tyrväinen Tuula , Huhtala Heini , Abd El Fattah Abeer I , Amr Khalda , El erian Alaa Mohamad , Patrikoski Mimmi , Miettinen Susanna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor adipose stromal/stem cell (ASCs)-based immunomodulatory therapies, it is important to study how donor characteristics, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), influence ASCs efficacy. Here, ASCs were obtained from 2 groups, donors with T2D and obesity (dASCs) or nondiabetic donors with normal-weight (ndASCs), and then cultured with anti-CD3/CD28-stimulated allogeneic CD4 T cells. ASCs were studied for the expression of the immunomodulators CD54, CD274, and indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO) in inflammatory conditions. CD4 T cells cultured alone or in cocultures were assessed to evaluate proliferation, activation marker surface expression, apoptosis, the regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+ CD25high FOXP3+) frequency, and intracellular cytokine expression using flow cytometry. Modulation of T-cell subset cytokines was explored via ELISA. In inflammatory conditions, the expression of CD54, CD274, and IDO was significantly upregulated in ASCs, with no significant differences between ndASCs and dASCs. dASCs retained the potential to significantly suppress CD4 T-cell proliferation, with a slightly weaker inhibitory effect than ndASCs, which was associated with significantly reduced abilities to decrease IL-2 production and increase IL-8 levels in cocultures. Such attenuated potentials were significantly correlated with increasing body mass index. dASCs and ndASCs comparably reduced CD4 T-cell viability, HLA-DR expression, and interferon-gamma production and conversely increased CD69 expression, the Tregs percentage, and IL-17A production. Considerable amounts of the immunomodulators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and IL-6 were detected in the conditioned medium of cocultures. These findings suggest that ASCs obtained from donors with T2D and obesity are receptive to the inflammatory environment and able to modulate CD4 T cells accordingly.
Dynamics of Chromatin Accessibility During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Into Progressively Lineage-Committed Progeny
Authors: Martin Eric W , Rodriguez y Baena Alessandra , Reggiardo Roman E , Worthington Atesh K , Mattingly Connor S , Poscablo Donna M , Krietsch Jana , McManus Michael T , Carpenter Susan , Kim Daniel H , Forsberg E Camilla 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms regulate the multilineage differentiation capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into a variety of blood and immune cells. Mapping the chromatin dynamics of functionally defined cell populations will shed mechanistic insight into 2 major, unanswered questions in stem cell biology: how does epigenetic identity contribute to a cell type’s lineage potential, and how do cascades of chromatin remodeling dictate ensuing fate decisions? Our recent work revealed evidence of multilineage gene priming in HSCs, where open cis-regulatory elements (CREs) exclusively shared between HSCs and unipotent lineage cells were enriched for DNA binding motifs of known lineage-specific transcription factors. Oligopotent progenitor populations operating between the HSCs and unipotent cells play essential roles in effecting hematopoietic homeostasis. To test the hypothesis that selective HSC-primed lineage-specific CREs remain accessible throughout differentiation, we used ATAC-seq to map the temporal dynamics of chromatin remodeling during progenitor differentiation. We observed epigenetic-driven clustering of oligopotent and unipotent progenitors into distinct erythromyeloid and lymphoid branches, with multipotent HSCs and MPPs associating with the erythromyeloid lineage. We mapped the dynamics of lineage-primed CREs throughout hematopoiesis and identified both unique and shared CREs as potential lineage reinforcement mechanisms at fate branch points. Additionally, quantification of genome-wide peak count and size revealed overall greater chromatin accessibility in HSCs, allowing us to identify HSC-unique peaks as putative regulators of self-renewal and multilineage potential. Finally, CRISPRi-mediated targeting of ATACseq-identified putative CREs in HSCs allowed us to demonstrate the functional role of selective CREs in lineage-specific gene expression. These findings provide insight into the regulation of stem cell multipotency and lineage commitment throughout hematopoiesis and serve as a resource to test functional drivers of hematopoietic lineage fate.
Evidence for a trade-off between growth rate and xylem cavitation resistance in Callitris rhomboidea
Authors: Johnson Kate M , Brodribb Timothy J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The ideal plant water transport system is one that features high efficiency and resistance to drought-induced damage (xylem cavitation), however, species rarely possess both. This may be explained by trade-offs between traits, yet thus far, no proposed trade-off has offered a universal explanation for the lack of water transport systems that are both highly drought-resistant and highly efficient. Here, we find evidence for a new trade-off, between growth rate and resistance to xylem cavitation, in the canopies of a drought-resistant tree species (Callitris rhomboidea). Wide variation in cavitation resistance (P50) was found in distal branch tips (&lt;2 mm in diameter), converging to low variation in P50 in larger diameter stems (&gt;2 mm). We found a significant correlation between cavitation resistance and distal branchlet internode length across branch tips in C. rhomboidea canopies. Branchlets with long internodes (8 mm or longer) were significantly more vulnerable to drought-induced xylem cavitation than shorter internodes (4 mm or shorter). This suggests that varying growth rates, leading to differences in internode length, drive differences in cavitation resistance in C. rhomboidea trees. The only distinct anatomical difference found between internodes was the pith size, with the average pith to xylem area in long internodes being five times greater than in short internodes. Understanding whether this trade-off exists within and between species will help us to uncover what drives and limits drought resistance across the world’s flora.
Fungal Symbionts Generate Water-Saver and Water-Spender Plant Drought Strategies via Diverse Effects on Host Gene Expression
Authors: Aimone Catherine D. , Giauque Hannah , Hawkes Christine V. 
Published: March 2023

Foliar fungal endophytes are known to alter plant physiology but the mechanisms by which they do so remain poorly understood. We focused on how plant gene expression was altered by six fungal strains that generated “water-saver” and “water-spender” drought physiologies in a C4 grass, Panicum hallii. Water-saver physiologies have lower plant water loss, improved wilt resistance, and higher survival compared with water-spender strategies. We expected that fungi within each functional group would have similar effects on P. hallii, and this was largely true for plant physiology but not for plant gene expression. When we focused only on genes that were differentially expressed relative to fungus-free controls, we found surprisingly little overlap in plant differentially expressed genes or gene regulatory pathways across the fungal treatments, including within and between the water-saver and water-spender strategies. Nevertheless, using lasso regression, we identified a small subset of genes that predicted 39 and 53% of the variation in plant wilt resistance and water loss, respectively. These results suggest that fungal effects on plant transcription may identify how they extend the plant phenotype, and the comparison across multiple fungi allows us to differentiate broadly fungal-responsive plant genes versus those plant genes that respond only to single fungal taxa. The genes identified here could be targeted for future study to understand their function and, ultimately, represent candidates for precision breeding efforts to increase plant drought tolerance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Short-Term Outcomes of Xen-45 Gel Stent Ab Interno Versus Ab Externo Transconjunctival Approaches
Authors: Yuan Lucy , Rana Harkaran S. , Lee Ian , Lai Gregory , Raiciulescu Sorana , Kim Won 
Published: March 2023

Précis:
Ab externo transconjunctival placement of the Xen-45 gel stent offers a faster surgical approach and more rapid visual recovery with similar pressure-lowering and complication rates when compared with implantation by the ab interno approach.

Purpose:
Compare outcomes of closed conjunctival Xen-45 implantation techniques: ab interno versus ab externo transconjunctival.

Material and Methods:
Single-center, retrospective study of 70 patients undergoing Xen-45 implantation between 2017 and 2020. Group 1 (n=29) had ab interno placement, Group 2 (n=41) had transconjunctival ab externo placement. Primary outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) and medication use. Secondary measures were bleb revision rates, surgical time, time to return to baseline visual acuity, and complication rates.

Results:
Group 1, preoperative IOP was 22.8±7.5 mmHg on 3.8±0.9 IOP-lowering medications and the postoperative IOP at last follow-up was 11.6±2.8 mmHg on 1.6±1.3 medications. Group 2, preoperative IOP was 25.6 mmHg±7.8 mmHg on 3.7±1.1 medications and the postoperative IOP at last follow-up was 12.4±3.6 mmHg on 1.5±1.3 medications. There was no difference in postoperative IOP or medications between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The average surgical time for Group 2 was 25±6.5 minutes to 37±7.3 minutes for Group 1 (P<0.001). Group 2 showed 88% of patients returning to baseline visual acuity at week 2 compared with 66% in Group 1 (P<0.05). Bleb revision rates, failure rates, and complication rates were comparable between both groups (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
IOP, medication use, complications, bleb revision rates, and failure rates were similar between ab interno and ab externo transconjunctival approaches. The ab externo group had faster surgical times and postoperative visual recovery despite higher number of patients with previous glaucoma procedures
Gender Differences Among Out-of-School Korean Adolescents in a Counselor-Visiting Smoking Cessation Program
Authors: Sohn Min , Im Boae , Lee Hoonjae , Suh Minhee , Kim Kyu-Sung 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants of self-reported smoking cessation among out-of-school Korean adolescents who participated in a counselor-visiting smoking cessation program. This retrospective descriptive study analyzed data from the Korea Health Promotion Institute. Participants were enrolled between June 1, 2015, and December 31, 2017, at a regional smoking cessation center in a counselor-visiting smoking cessation program for out-of-school adolescents. Participants consisted of 807 adolescents (70.3% male) with a mean age of 16.9 ± 1.2 years. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that female gender (OR = 1.54–1.92), cohort year 2016 (OR = 1.69–1.90), smoking more than half a pack a day (OR = 0.44–0.50), strong motivation to quit (OR = 1.44), and number of counseling in person (OR = 1.97–2.10) were statistically significant independent contributors to quitting, based on follow-up assessments at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months. This study explored smoking cessation outcomes of a government-driven smoking cessation program that targeted out-of-school adolescents and identified several risk factors that affect a successful outcome. More research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of such smoking cessation programs for marginalized or understudied populations.