bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐creating a community of belonging and presence: Multilingual learners' experiences of science and language learning at an urban, inclusive STEM‐focused high school
Authors: Tripp Jennifer N. , Waight Noemi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScience education reform efforts have called for teaching science to all students, yet the “Science for All” mantra has remained merely rhetoric. Given that multilingual learners continue to face inequities more broadly in the education system and in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects in particular, there has been renewed attention to conditions that support more equitable science learning opportunities. In this exploratory, qualitative case study, we intentionally centered the voices of ninth grade multilingual learners by examining their science experiences in a Regents Living Environment class at an urban, inclusive STEM‐focused high school (ISHS). Specifically, drawing from ecological and humanizing education theoretical perspectives, we investigated the elements of their experiences that were asset‐oriented and humanizing, which promoted a healthy science learning ecosystem, as well as the challenges that coexisted. Qualitative data analysis revealed four main themes. First, multilingual learners appreciated authentic engagement in hands‐on, science inquiry opportunities, including developing and implementing their own experiments. Students also noted feelings of joy, comfort, and belonging in their classroom environment that were supported by strong relationships and positive interactions among peers and their teachers. Moreover, students underscored the role of their teachers in intentionally co‐creating a science classroom community of belonging and excellence. There were, however, persistent challenges associated with learning science and English simultaneously, in the backdrop of a standardized English‐dominant, high‐stakes accountability context. These findings have implications for pedagogy, teacher preparation, research, and policy for a more inclusive, asset‐oriented, and humanizing science education for multilingual learners that broadens possibilities.
Hybrid Metal/Spinel Oxide Coating with Microcone Arrays to Stimulate a Photothermal‐Augmented Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Yuhao , Xu Jiang , Chen Yujie , Xie Zong‐Han , Munroe Paul 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo boost the kinetic process of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hybrid CoNiFe/Fe(Fe,Mo,Al)2O4 coatings are deposited on pure Ti substrates (namely, CoNiFe/Fe(Fe,Mo,Al)2O4/Ti electrodes). This new coating features a dense inner layer together with an outer layer of microcone arrays (MCAs). The electrochemical surface area of the electrodes is modulated by controlling the geometrical factors of the MCAs. For the OER in 1.0 m KOH, the electrodes require minimum overpotentials of 245 and 333 mV to realize current densities of, respectively, 10 and 100 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the high aspect ratio of the MCAs enables the electrodes to exhibit strong sunlight capture. Under 10 min of simulated 1.0 sun illumination, the electrode's temperature can rise by up to 108.2 °C. The number of active sites and the OER reaction rate of the electrodes are further increased by photoassistance, with only 234 and 296 mV overpotentials, respectively, needed to generate current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope as low as 40.9 mV dec−1. Therefore, the application of this composite coating, which exhibits photothermal effects with respect to conventional Ti electrodes, provides an inspiration for further improvement of OER catalytic efficiency.
Hybrid Heterostructures of a Spin Crossover Coordination Polymer on MoS2: Elucidating the Role of the 2D Substrate
Authors: Núñez‐López Alejandro , Torres‐Cavanillas Ramón , Morant‐Giner Marc , Vassilyeva Natalia , Mattana Richard , Tatay Sergio , Ohresser Philippe , Otero Edwige , Fonda Emiliano , Paulus Michael , Rubio‐Giménez Víctor , Forment‐Aliaga Alicia , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControlling the deposition of spin‐crossover (SCO) materials constitutes a crucial step for the integration of these bistable molecular systems in electronic devices. Moreover, the influence of functional surfaces, such as 2D materials, can be determinant on the properties of the deposited SCO film. In this work, ultrathin films of the SCO Hofmann‐type coordination polymer [Fe(py)2{Pt(CN)4}] (py = pyridine) onto monolayers of 1T and 2H MoS2 polytypes are grown. The resulting hybrid heterostructures are characterized by GIXRD, XAS, XPS, and EXAFS to get information on the structure and the specific interactions generated at the interface, as well as on the spin transition. The use of a layer‐by‐layer results in SCO/2D heterostructures, with crystalline and well‐oriented [Fe(py)2{Pt(CN)4}]. Unlike with conventional Au or SiO2 substrates, no intermediate self‐assembled monolayer is required, thanks to the surface S atoms. Furthermore, it is observed that the higher presence of Fe3+ in the 2H heterostructures hinders an effective spin transition for [Fe(py)2{Pt(CN)4}] films thinner than 8 nm. Remarkably, when using 1T MoS2, this transition is preserved in films as thin as 4 nm, due to the reducing character of this metallic substrate. These results highlight the active role that 2D materials play as substrates in hybrid molecular/2D heterostructures.
Nanothermometry‐Enabled Intelligent Laser Tissue Soldering
Authors: Cipolato Oscar , Dosnon Lucas , Rosendorf Jachym , Sarcevic Sima , Zäch Marius , Bondi Alice , Liska Vaclav , Schlegel Andrea A. , Herrmann Inge K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile often life‐saving, surgical resectioning of diseased tissues puts patients at risk for post‐operative complications. Sutures and staples are well‐accepted and routinely used to reconnect tissues, however, their mechanical mismatch with biological soft tissue and invasiveness contribute to wound healing complications, infections, and post‐operative fluid leakage. In principle, laser tissue soldering offers an attractive, minimally‐invasive alternative for seamless soft tissue fusion. However, despite encouraging experimental observations, including accelerated healing and lowered infection risk, critical issues related to temperature monitoring and control during soldering and associated complications have prevented their clinical exploitation to date. Here, intelligent laser tissue soldering (iSoldering) with integrated nanothermometry is introduced as a promising yet unexplored approach to overcome the critical shortcomings of laser tissue soldering. It demonstrates that adding thermoplasmonic and nanothermometry nanoparticles to proteinaceous solders enables heat confinement and non‐invasive temperature monitoring and control, offering a route to high‐performance, leak‐tight tissue sealing even at deep tissue sites. The resulting tissue seals exhibit excellent mechanical properties and resistance to chemically‐aggressive digestive fluids, including gastrointestinal juice. The iSolder can be readily cut and shaped by surgeons to optimally fit the tissue defect and can even be applied using infrared light from a medically approved light source, hence fulfilling key prerequisites for application in the operating theatre. Overall, iSoldering enables reproducible and well‐controlled high‐performance tissue sealing, offering new prospects for its clinical exploitation in diverse fields ranging from cardiovascular to visceral and plastic surgery.
Reliability based service life prediction of bridges in Indian coastal region
Authors: Nagaraju A. S. V. , Kumar Ratnesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChloride‐induced corrosion in concrete bridges is a common problem in coastal regions. This study assesses the reliability‐based service life of a reinforced concrete (RC) T‐girder bridge subjected to pitting rebar corrosion. The impact of spatial variability of rebar pitting corrosion has been considered to accurately predict the service life. Service life models have been applied to both strength and serviceability parameters for coastal bridges in India. The results indicate that rebar corrosion influences the shear resistance deterioration of the bridge girder more rapidly than the flexure resistance deterioration, which significantly impacts the bridge's reliability and service life. Further, it has also been observed that due to chloride‐induced corrosion, the serviceability parameters are impacted more than the strength parameter leading to an early requirement of repair for the serviceability conditions.
Unravelling marker trait associations linking nutritional value with pigmentation in rice seed
Authors: Mbanjo Edwige Gaby Nkouaya , Pasion Erstelle A. , Jones Huw , Carandang Socorro , Misra Gopal , Ignacio John Carlos , Kretzschmar Tobias , Sreenivasulu Nese , Boyd Lesley Ann 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile considerable breeding effort has focused on increasing the yields of staple crops such as rice and the levels of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, breeding to address the problems of the double‐burden of malnutrition has received less attention. Pigmented rice has higher nutritional value and greater health benefits compared to white rice. However, the genetic associations underlying pericarp coloration and accumulation of nutritionally valuable compounds is still poorly understood. Here we report the targeted genetic analysis of 364 rice accessions, assessing the genetic relationship between pericarp coloration (measured using multi‐spectral imaging) and a range of phenolic compounds with potential nutritional and health‐promoting characteristics. A genome‐wide association study resulted in the identification of over 280 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the traits of interest. Many of the SNPs were associated with more than one trait, colocalization occurring between nutritional traits, and nutritional and color‐related traits. Targeted association analysis identified 67 SNPs, located within 52 candidate genes and associated with 24 traits. Six haplotypes identified within the genes Rc/bHLH17 and OsIPT5 indicated that these genes have an important role in the regulation of a wide range of phenolic compounds, and not only those directly conferring pericarp color. These identified genetic linkages between nutritionally valuable phenolic compounds and pericarp color present not only a valuable resource for the enhancement of the nutritional value of rice but an easy method of selection of suitable genotypes.
The conservation of gene models can support genome annotation
Authors: Tay Fernandez Cassandria G. , Bayer Philipp E. , Petereit Jakob , Varshney Rajeev , Batley Jacqueline , Edwards David 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany genome annotations include false‐positive gene models, leading to errors in phylogenetic and comparative studies. Here, we propose a method to support gene model prediction based on evolutionary conservation and use it to identify potentially erroneous annotations. Using this method, we developed a set of 15,345 representative gene models from 12 legume assemblies that can be used to support genome annotations for other legumes.
Sustainability Effects of Robust and Resilient Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Priebe Torsten , Kieseberg Peter , Adrowitzer Alexander , Eigner Oliver , Kovac Fabian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is commonly understood that the resilience of critical information technology (IT) systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) must be ensured. In this regard, we consider resilience both in terms of IT security threats, such as cyberattacks, as well as the ability to robustly persist under uncertain and changing environmental conditions, such as climate change or economic crises. This paper explores the relationship between resilience and sustainability with regard to AI systems, develops fields of action for resilient AI, and elaborates direct and indirect influences on the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Indirect in this case means that a sustainability effect is reached by taking resilience measures when applying AI in a sustainability-relevant application area, for example precision agriculture or smart health.
Conclusion
Authors: Scott-Baumann Alison 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRicoeur’s philosophy offers great strengths by insisting upon the value of discussion for building a better world, particularly through improving the university sector. His model of higher education reform is even more relevant now and his dialectical model of delicate, provisional balancing of different views proves useful for analyzing and challenging populist binaries. Yet this dialectical model is inadequate for redressing gross societal imbalances created and perpetuated by the concept of race and the practice of racism. Here I summarise the problems and possible practical solutions I am enacting, and make broader recommendations for the UK’s university sector.
Interpolating Wilson loops and enriched RG flows
Authors: Castiglioni Luigi , Penati Silvia , Tenser Marcia , Trancanelli Diego 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study new 1/24 BPS circular Wilson loops in ABJ(M) theory, which are defined in terms of several parameters that continuously interpolate between previously known 1/6 BPS loops (both bosonic and fermionic) and 1/2 BPS fermionic loops. We compute the expectation value of these operators up to second order in perturbation theory using a one-dimensional effective field theory approach. Within dimensional regularization, we find non-trivial β-functions for the parameters, which are marginally relevant deformations triggering RG flows from a UV fixed point represented by the 1/6 BPS bosonic loop to an IR fixed point represented by a 1/2 BPS fermionic loop. Generically, along all flows at least one supercharge of the theory is preserved, so that we refer to them as enriched RG flows. In particular, fixed points are connected through 1/6 BPS fermionic operators. This holds at framing zero, which is a consequence of the regularization scheme employed. We also establish the validity of the g-theorem, relating the expectation values of the Wilson loops corresponding to the UV and IR fixed points of the flow, and discuss the one-dimensional defect SCFT living on the Wilson loop contour.
Large-scale factors controlling biological communities in the Iberian Peninsula: an insight into global change effects on river ecosystems
Authors: Rocha Pompeu Cássia , Peñas Francisco J. , Belmar Oscar , Barquín José 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe ongoing global environmental change poses a serious threat to rivers. Comprehensive knowledge of how stressors affect biota is critical for supporting effective management and conservation strategies. We evaluated the major gradients influencing spatial variability of freshwater biodiversity in continental Spain using landscape-scale variables representing climate, land use and land cover (LULC), flow regime, geology, topography, and diatom (n = 117), macroinvertebrate (n = 441), and fish (n = 264) communities surveyed in minimally impacted streams. Redundancy analysis identified the environmental factors significantly contributing to community variability, and specific multivariate analyses (RLQ method) were used to assess trait–environment associations. Environmental variables defined the major community change gradients (e.g., mountain–lowland). Siliceous, steep streams with increased precipitation levels favored stalked diatoms, macroinvertebrates with aquatic passive dissemination, and migrating fish. These traits were replaced by adnate diatoms, small macroinvertebrates, and non-migratory fish in lowland streams with warmer climates, calcareous geology, agriculture, and stable flow regimes. Overall, landscape-scale environmental variables better explained fish than diatom and macroinvertebrate community variability, suggesting that these latter communities might be more related to local-scale characteristics (e.g., microhabitat structure, substrate, and water physicochemistry). The upslope environmental gradient of river networks (e.g., slope, temperature, and LULC changes) was paralleled to the observed taxonomy-based and trait-based spatial variability. This result indicates that global change effects on riverine biodiversity could emerge as longitudinal distribution changes within river networks. Implementing management actions focusing simultaneously on water temperature, hydrological regime conservation (e.g., addressing LULC changes), and river continuity might be the best strategy for mitigating global change effects on river biodiversity.
Asymmetric equilibrium configurations of a body immersed in a 2d laminar flow
Authors: Bocchi Edoardo , Gazzola Filippo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the equilibrium configurations of a possibly asymmetric fluid–structure interaction problem. The fluid is confined in a bounded planar channel and is governed by the stationary Navier–Stokes equations with laminar inflow and outflow. A body is immersed in the channel and is subject to both the lift force from the fluid and to some external elastic force. Asymmetry, which is motivated by natural models, and the possibly non-vanishing velocity of the fluid on the boundary of the channel require the introduction of suitable assumptions to prevent collisions of the body with the boundary. With these assumptions at hand, we prove that for sufficiently small inflow/outflow there exists a unique equilibrium configuration. Only if the inflow, the outflow and the body are all symmetric, the configuration is also symmetric. A model application is also discussed.
Novel in-house knowledge-based automated planning system for lung cancer treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Shao Yan , Guo Jindong , Wang Jiyong , Huang Ying , Gan Wutian , Zhang Xiaoying , Wu Ge , Sun Dong , Gu Yu , Gu Qingtao , Yue Ning Jeff , Yang Guanli , Xie Guotong , Xu Zhiyong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The goal of this study was to propose a knowledge-based planning system which could automatically design plans for lung cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).

Methods and materials
From May 2018 to June 2020, 612 IMRT treatment plans of lung cancer patients were retrospectively selected to construct a planning database. Knowledge-based planning (KBP) architecture named αDiar was proposed in this study. It consisted of two parts separated by a firewall. One was the in-hospital workstation, and the other was the search engine in the cloud. Based on our previous study, A‑Net in the in-hospital workstation was used to generate predicted virtual dose images. A search engine including a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN) was constructed to derive the feature vectors of dose images. By comparing the similarity of the features between virtual dose images and the clinical dose images in the database, the most similar feature was found. The optimization parameters (OPs) of the treatment plan corresponding to the most similar feature were assigned to the new plan, and the design of a new treatment plan was automatically completed. After αDiar was developed, we performed two studies. The first retrospective study was conducted to validate whether this architecture was qualified for clinical practice and involved 96 patients. The second comparative study was performed to investigate whether αDiar could assist dosimetrists in improving the quality of planning for the patients. Two dosimetrists were involved and designed plans for only one trial with and without αDiar; 26 patients were involved in this study.

Results
The first study showed that about 54% (52/96) of the automatically generated plans would achieve the dosimetric constraints of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) and about 93% (89/96) of the automatically generated plans would achieve the dosimetric constraints of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). The second study showed that the quality of treatment planning designed by junior dosimetrists was improved with the help of αDiar.

Conclusions
Our results showed that αDiar was an effective tool to improve planning quality. Over half of the patients’ plans could be designed automatically. For the remaining patients, although the automatically designed plans did not fully meet the clinical requirements, their quality was also better than that of manual plans.
Gesundheitsschutz und Klimawandel erfordern ambitionierte Grenzwerte für Luftschadstoffe in Europa
Authors: Peters Annette , Herr Caroline , Bolte Gabriele , Heutelbeck Astrid , Hornberg Claudia , Kraus Thomas , Lakes Tobia , Matzarakis Andreas , Novak Dennis , Reifegerste Doreen , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Zeeb Hajo , Schneider Alexandra , Hoffmann Barbara 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) hat aufgrund wissenschaftlicher Ergebnisse die Richtwerte zur Luftqualität 2021 verschärft. Es wurde eine deutliche Absenkung der Jahresmittelwerte von Feinstaub (Partikelgröße 2,5 µm oder kleiner, PM2,5) sowie der Langzeitbelastung gegenüber Stickstoffdioxid (NO2) und Ozon (O3) empfohlen. Das Mortalitätsrisiko, wie Studien für den Bereich der niedrigen Luftschadstoffkonzentrationen belegen, steigt bereits oberhalb der WHO-Richtwerte an. In Deutschland wurden die WHO-Richtwerte von 2021 für PM2,5 und NO2 im Jahr 2022 deutlich überschritten.In diesem Positionspapier geben wir folgende Empfehlungen zur Europäischen Luftqualitätsrichtlinie: (1) Festlegung von verbindlichen Grenzwerten entsprechend WHO 2021, (2) Geltungsbereich der Grenzwerte in ganz Europa, (3) Fortführung und Ausbau der etablierten Ländermessnetze, (4) Ausbau der Luftqualitätsmessungen für ultrafeine Partikel und Rußpartikel, (5) Verknüpfung von Maßnahmen zur Luftreinhaltung und zum Klimaschutz.Eine Verschärfung der Grenzwerte für Luftschadstoffe erfordert gesellschaftliche und politische Veränderungen unter anderem in den Bereichen Mobilität, Energienutzung und -erzeugung, Stadt- und Raumplanung. Die Umsetzung der WHO-2021-Richtwerte hätte einen volkswirtschaftlichen Nettonutzen von 38 Mrd. € im Jahr.Ambitionierte Grenzwerte für Luftschadstoffe helfen auch, den Klimawandel und seine gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen einzudämmen. Die Kommission Environmental Public Health hält daher ambitioniertere Grenzwerte für notwendig, um einen effektiven Gesundheitsschutz in Deutschland zu ermöglichen, und fordert, dass Luftschadstoffgrenzwerte entsprechend den WHO-Empfehlungen von 2021 in Europa verbindlich werden.