bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the effects of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis conditions on the energy storage capacity and durability of standard biochar-based phase-change composites
Authors: Atinafu Dimberu G. , Choi Ji Yong , Nam Jihee , Kang Yujin , Kim Sumin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Material selection and production conditions are imperative for determining the functional performances of composite materials. Phase-change composites obtained from phase-change materials (PCMs) and supporting matrices exhibit high thermal energy storage density. They are used to overcome the intermittency issues of wind and solar energy, as well as to reduce waste heat dissipation to the environment. However, the large-scale utilization of composite and pristine materials has severe drawbacks, primarily stemming from the complex fabrication routes of the encapsulating agents, leakage, and inadequate thermal stability. In this study, biochar-based phase-change composites were fabricated using vacuum infiltration techniques, and the effects of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis temperature on the performance of the composite were elucidated using different types of biowastes and temperatures. This approach has several advantages, including facile production techniques, low-cost carbon sources, and environmental friendliness. The PCM adsorption ratio of biochars derived from rice husk (RH) and Miscanthus straw linearly correlated with the pyrolysis temperature (550–700 °C), while RH700 resulted in a composite with a high enthalpy per unit mass of hexadecane (HXD) in RH700/HXD (250.9 J g−1) owing to the high surface area of RH700 (74.66 m2 g−1). The crystalline temperature increased slightly from 10.7 °C in RH550/HXD to 10.9 °C in RH700/HXD, suggesting improved molecular motion and crystal growth of HXD. Wheat straw biomass pyrolyzed at a low temperature (550 °C), displaying a reduced surface area at 700 °C (7.35 m2 g−1) and exhibiting the lowest energy storage density. The latent heat efficiency reached 99.5–100%, where RH700/HXD exhibited 100% efficiency. The composites demonstrated strong leakage resistance at high heating temperatures (60 °C, above the melting temperature of HXD), good chemical compatibility between the biochar and HXD, and high durability after 500 thermal cycles. Therefore, the extent of PCM loading and energy storage density improvements primarily depends on the pyrolysis conditions, feedstock used, and pore size distribution of the biochar samples. This research provides insights into the fabrication of phase-change composites and optimization of the carbonization process of different biomasses used for thermal management applications, such as building energy savings.

Graphical Abstract
The experience of mothers of autistic children with a pathological demand avoidance profile: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Curtis Sam , Izett Elizabeth 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Emergent research literature has identified emotional and behavioural challenges for autistic children with a pathological demand avoidance profile. However, understanding of their parents’ experience is limited. This study aimed to explore the experience of parents of autistic children with a pathological demand avoidance profile.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were completed with ten parents of autistic children with a pathological demand avoidance profile, aged between 5 and 11 years (M = 8.5, SD = 1.90). All participants were mothers, aged 33–50 years (M = 42, SD = 5.35). To explore what meaning participants gave to their lived experience, an interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on interview data.

Results
Four main themes were developed from the interpretative phenomenological analysis; the benefit of a shared understanding about pathological demand avoidance to the parents and their children, the power of pathological demand avoidance and the impact on families, the emotional experience of mothers, and the various ways in which they coped.

Conclusion
The need for further recognition and understanding about pathological demand avoidance is emphasised through recommendations for future research. As is the need for flexible, informed, and appropriate support for demand avoidant children and their families.
Characterization of lysine acetyltransferase and deacetylase genes and their roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis in grape
Authors: Tang Wen , Li Feiyue , Yang Danni , Xu Mengyu , Fang Jinggui , Lu Suwen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lysine acetylation is pivotal in regulating growth, development, and stress responses across numerous plant species. This modification, mediated by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs), is both dynamic and reversible. Despite the economic significance of grape (Vitis vinifera) as a fruit crop, comprehensive insights into its KAT and KDAC gene families remain limited. In this study, 8 VvKATs and 14 VvKDACs were identified within the grape genome. Detailed analyses of their physicochemical properties, chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic synteny, evolutionary relationships, gene structures, and conserved motifs were conducted. Promoter region analysis revealed numerous cis-regulatory elements linked to light, hormone, and stress responsiveness. Transcriptomic data indicated that VvKATs and VvKDACs display distinct expression profiles across various tissues and developmental stages. Notably, VvSRT1, VvHDA19a, and VvHDA15 expression levels correlated strongly with anthocyanin accumulation in grape. Application of the deacetylase inhibitor sirtinol resulted in berry color changes and increased anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting that enhanced anthocyanin content in sirtinol-treated grape berry skins may result from post-translational modifications of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of VvKAT and VvKDAC gene structures and properties, establishing a foundation for further exploration into lysine acetylation's role in fruit quality, particularly anthocyanin biosynthesis, in grape.
The Demand for Insurance: Incorporating the Severity of Losing Office into the Insurance Model of Judicial Independence
Authors: Epperly Brad , Zeng Yuleng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Popular insurance models of judicial independence contend that electoral competition induces executives to establish or maintain independence as insurance against the risks associated with losing office. Existing accounts, however, focus only on variation in the likelihood of losing office, treating risks associated with losing as constant. This inattention to the model’s causal logic limits theoretical development and empirical conclusions. We model the demand for insurance rather than simply the likelihood of losing office, with empirical implications tested via instrumental variables. This paper offers a major development of the insurance account, with important implications for the study of judicial independence.
The Political and Pragmatic Determinants of Chinese Development Finance in Latin America and the Caribbean, 2008–2019
Authors: Albright Zara C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Much scholarly attention has been paid to how great powers have used development finance as a tool for projecting power and shaping the international order, with less given to how smaller countries navigate these dynamics. This article investigates the conditions under which Latin American countries borrow from institutions led by the declining hegemon, the United States, or the rising power, China. Specifically, it uses mixed methods to analyze 518 loans from the World Bank and Chinese banks, and interviews with policymakers in Ecuador to highlight the mechanisms of decisions, outline interactions between different factors, and identify factors that cannot be readily tested statistically. Results show that countries are diversifying their development finance between the two great powers, motivated by domestic political considerations such as party ideology and economic development priorities, as well as by international structures including the balance of power and the borrowing country’s foreign policy alignment with the United States.
El espacio urbano en la protesta social: Bogotá y Cali en las manifestaciones de 2021
Authors: Campos Rivera Omar Andrés 
Published: January 2025

Resumen
Esta investigación plantea que el espacio urbano contribuye a la caracterización de movimientos sociales urbanos. Para ello, hace un análisis espacial cartográfico del Paro Nacional de 2021 en Bogotá y Cali (Colombia), el cual se realizó a partir de un mapeo de los lugares y tipos de protesta mediante revisión de prensa y redes sociales. Se encontraron patrones que permiten evidenciar estrategias de ocupación espacial de la protesta, así como una dispersión que caracteriza la agencia ciudadana. También se evidenció cómo la pobreza determina la selección de lugares por proximidad y visibilidad, mas no intersección, y que los sistemas de transporte guían la dispersión en función de su significado como materialidad del Estado. Finalmente, se identificó cómo tensiones sobre los bordes territoriales consolidan desplazamiento de las acciones del interior de los barrios o a los límites, lo que apoya procesos de territorialización que identifican a los movimientos sociales urbanos emergentes.
Reproduction and Senescence: The Meeting of Thomistic Philosophy and Modern Biogerontological Evolutionary Theories
Authors: Carreño Juan Eduardo , Alliende María José , Stoppel Sergio 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe explosive increase in life expectancy over the 20th century led to the formulation of multiple gerontological theories. Of these, it is the evolutionary theories of senescence that enjoy the greatest theoretical and empirical support today. It is striking that these models put reproduction at the center of their postulates, an emphasis shared with the Aristotelian and Thomistic doctrines of the living being; this meeting point inspires our model. In particular, we hypothesize that the corporeal living being, precisely because of its mortality, can only fulfill the universal vocation to similitudo Dei through the generation of another living being of the same species. Once this purpose is fulfilled, its biological organization – understood here as a minimal entitative disposition that allows the actualization of matter by substantial form – decays and is exposed to random damage, as predicted by evolutionary models. This gradual decline is what is known as senescence. Such an approach opens up the possibility of addressing aging positively, with an emphasis on organizational prolongation resulting in a healthier old age. At the same time, such a perspective could illuminate our current understanding of biological organization and the pathologies that affect it.
Impaired folate status in patients with mental disorders
Authors: Rajen Narvini , Velure Hanne Wrengler , Johnsen Erik , Bjørke-Monsen Anne-Lise 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Folate and cobalamin deficiency or impaired function due to genetic variants in key enzymes, have been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to compare folate and cobalamin status in patients admitted to an acute psychiatric unit to patients from primary health care, in order to reveal factors which may be important in the follow-up of patents with mental disorders.

Methods:
Anonymous blood samples tested for folate, cobalamin, the metabolic marker total homocysteine (tHcy), creatinine and glomerular filtration rate, as well as age and gender in patients admitted to a psychiatric acute unit (n=981) and patients from primary health care (controls) (n=32201) were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
Median serum folate was 18% lower and median serum cobalamin was 11% higher in patients with mental disorders compared to controls. Folate deficiency was associated with 54% higher median tHcy levels among patients with mental disorders compared to controls. The prevalence of folate deficiency was 31% and of cobalamin deficiency 6% in patients admitted to a psychiatric acute unit in a Norwegian hospital in 2024.

Conclusion:
Folate, but not cobalamin deficiency, was prevalent in Norwegian patients with mental disorders. The higher tHcy levels in folate deficient patients with mental disorders indicate an impaired folate metabolism, which might be related to genetic factors, such as polymorphisms in the MTHFR gene. Ensuring a serum folate concentration above 15 nmol/L and a serum cobalamin above 250 pmol/L might improve symptoms in patients with mental disorders.
${\mathbb {Q}}$
-FANO THREEFOLDS AND LAURENT INVERSION
Authors: HEUBERGER LIANA 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We construct families of non-toric

${\mathbb {Q}}$

-factorial terminal Fano (

${\mathbb {Q}}$

-Fano) threefolds of codimension

$\geq 20$

corresponding to 54 mutation classes of rigid maximally mutable Laurent polynomials. From the point of view of mirror symmetry, they are the highest codimension (non-toric)

${\mathbb {Q}}$

-Fano varieties for which we can currently establish the Fano/Landau–Ginzburg correspondence. We construct 46 additional

${\mathbb {Q}}$

-Fano threefolds with codimensions of new examples ranging between 19 and 5. Some of these varieties are presented as toric complete intersections, and others as Pfaffian varieties.
Changes in climate drove vegetation and land use dynamics at the onset of farming in Europe
Authors: van Vugt Lieveke , Gobet Erika , Morales-Molino César , Ganz Kathrin , Giagkoulis Tryfon , Knetge Antonietta , Lotter André F. , Vogel Hendrik , Grosjean Martin , Bogaard Amy , Kotsakis Kostas , Hafner Albert , Tinner Willy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here we present the first high-resolution continuous palaeoecological study from Greece covering the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition at Limni Zazari, a small lake in western Macedonia. We study how interactions between vegetation and climate might have affected the introduction of agriculture to Europe ca. 8500 years ago. We found that mixed deciduous oak woodlands established around the lake once moisture availability began to increase at ~10,300 cal yr BP. Between 8600 and 8000 cal yr BP, climate change, causing drier conditions, led to the decline of the woodlands and the expansion of steppe and grassland vegetation. Concurrently, in agreement with the archaeological record, pollen indicative of arable and pastoral farming indicate the onset of Neolithic farming. After 8000 cal yr BP the forest composition changed, with a major expansion of pine forests and increases in disturbance-adapted trees like Ostrya and Fagus. This change might be linked to changes in moisture availability, but it is likely that land use also facilitated these shifts. We conclude that the introduction of Neolithic farming was advantaged by climate-induced vegetation changes. While the vegetation structure around Zazari was very sensitive to changes in moisture, early anthropogenic disturbances led to changes in the vegetation composition that are still important today.
Landscape evolution and ancient settlement patterns in a small river basin of the Huangshui River and the prehistoric Wangjinglou City, Central China
Authors: Liao Yinan , Lu Peng , Mo Duowen , Wu Qian , Zhao Xiangli , Li Ye , Chen Panpan , Wang Hui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prehistoric humans seem to have preferred inhabiting small river basins, which were closer in distance to most settlements compared to larger rivers. The Holocene landscape evolution is considered to have played a pivotal role in shaping the spatiotemporal patterns of these settlements. In this study, we conducted comprehensive research on the relationship between landscape evolution and settlement distribution within the Huangshui River basin, which is a representative small river in Central China with numerous early settlements, including a prehistoric city known as the Wangjinglou site (WJL). Using geoarchaeological investigations, optically stimulated luminescence dating, pollen analysis, and grain-size analysis, we analyzed the characteristics of the Holocene environment. The results indicate the presence of two distinct geomorphic systems, namely the red clay hills and the river valley. The red clay hills, formed in the Neogene, represent remnants of the Songshan piedmont alluvial fan that was eroded by rivers. There are three grades of terraces within the river valley. T3 is a strath terrace and formed around 8.0 ka. Both T2 and T1 are fill terraces, which were developed around 4.0 ka and during the historical period, respectively. The sedimentary features and pollen analysis indicate the existence of an ancient lake-swamp on the platform during 11.0–9.0 ka. This waterbody gradually shrank during 9.0–8.0 ka, and ultimately disappeared after 8.0 ka. Since then, the development of large-scale areas of water ceased on the higher geomorphic units. River floods also cannot reach the top of these high geomorphic units, where numerous prehistoric settlements are located, including the Xia–Shang cities of the WJL site. Our research demonstrates that landscape stability supported the long-term and sustainable development of ancient cultures and facilitated the establishment of the WJL ancient cities in the region.
A 350 14C yr discrepancy between bone and tooth dates from the same grave at the Early Neolithic cemetery of Shamanka II, Lake Baikal, southern Siberia: reservoir effects or a misplaced mandible?
Authors: Schulting Rick J , Scharlotta Ian , Lieverse Angela , Jessup Erin , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Bazaliiskii Vladimir I , Weber Andrzej W 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A 350 14C yr discrepancy was found between dates on postcranial remains and mandibular teeth on what was thought to be the same individual from the Early Neolithic cemetery of Shamanka II, Lake Baikal. Stable nitrogen isotope results suggested a major shift in diet between childhood (when the teeth formed) and adulthood (represented by the postcrania), which could have resulted in different 14C ages through a freshwater reservoir effect. Subsequent additional dating on the mandible and postcranial elements, however, indicated that the mandible actually belonged to a different individual. More subtle reservoir effects can be seen on the sequentially forming teeth and mandible. The practice by prehistoric hunter-gatherers of Lake Baikal of re-opening graves and removing cranial elements has long been known, but this is the first evidence for the inclusion of a mandible from a separate individual, though whether it was intentional or incidental is uncertain. As well as providing new insights into mid-Holocene mortuary practices in the region, our findings raise a cautionary note for the examination of disturbed graves.
Misconduct by Voters' Own Representatives Does Not Affect Voters' Generalized Political Trust
Authors: Kelly Edmund , Tilley James 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOne reason given for declining levels of trust in politicians and institutions is the incidence of scandals involving voters' representatives. Politicians implicated in scandals, especially financial scandals, typically see their constituents' support for them decrease. It has been suggested that these specific negative judgements about a representative's misconduct spill over onto diffuse political trust in the system as a whole. We argue that the 2009 Parliamentary expenses scandal in the United Kingdom is a strong test of these scandal spillover effects in a non-experimental context. Yet, using a multilevel analysis of survey and representative implication data, we find no evidence for these effects. This is despite voters being aware of their MP's scandal implication, and this awareness affecting voters' support for their own MP. We conclude that voters' judgements about their constituency representatives are unlikely to affect their diffuse political trust.
Quercetin: An anthelmintic potential against zoonotic tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819)
Authors: Ray M.S. , Mondal C. , Saha S. , Mandal S. , Lyndem L.M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quercetin, a vital flavonoid found in many medicinal plants, has shown anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-aging, anti-tumour, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-protozoal activity. However, very little is known of its anthelmintic activity; there is no literature against tapeworm infection so far. The present study was performed to expose its cestocidal role by using the zoonotic tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta as a parasite model. The parasite was exposed to different concentrations of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL Quercetin prepared in RPMI 1640, with 1% Tween 20. Another set of parasites was treated with a standard dose of Praziquantel (0.001 mg/ml), and another set of parasites was kept as control. All experiments were maintained at 37°C ± 1°C in the incubator. Quercetin activity was assessed through viability test, and time of motility was observed through paralysis. After the experiment, worms were processed for light and electron microscopic analysis to observe the post-treatment effect on their tegument. Dose-dependent efficacy was observed in all the treatments. Time of paralysis and time of mortality for 20 mg/mL Quercetin dose was 1.40±0.03h and 2.35±0.03h, respectively, which is at par with the drug Praziquantel. Histological study showed constrictions in the tegument, while extensive damage in suckers and neck region with deformed and shrunken proglottids, sloughed-off microtriches and undistinguished nucleus with loss of envelope architecture were observed in treated parasites under electron microscopic studies, which indicates the negative activity of Quercetin on the parasite thus suggesting its cestocidal activity.
Is the risk of bank vole infection with cestodes related to the population dynamics regime?
Authors: Davydova Yu.A. , Kshnyasev I.A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780)) is the dominant species in the primary fir-spruce forests of the Visim State Biosphere Reserve in the Middle Urals. Here, we studied the long-term population dynamics of small mammals and infection rates with cestode larvae (Cestoida) of bank voles from 1995 to 2021. In addition to the traditionally studied risk factors of parasite infection (e.g., age and sex, phase of population cycle of the host), we assessed the possible influence of the intermediate host population dynamics by contrasting parts of the time series with regular 3-year cyclicity and noncyclic regime. The overall risk of larval cestode infections was 5.0% (95% CI: 4–6%, Ninfected = 97, Ntotal = 1938). The infection rate was associated with the animals’ age and, unexpectedly, with the intermediate host population dynamics regime. The odds of finding cestode larvae in overwintered individuals were 4.3 times (2.8–6.6) higher than in young of the year, and in the noncyclic regime, the odds were 2.3 times (1.5–3.5) higher than in the 3-year cyclicity regime. No statistically significant higher risk of infection was found for males compared to females as the infection rate was only 1.4 times (0.9–2.1, ≈ 1) higher. The higher infection rates of overwintered individuals were as expected for individuals associated with longer exposure to the invasive parasite stages. We hypothesised that the noncyclic regime in long-term fluctuations of rodent numbers better resonates with the characteristic period of the cestodes’ life cycle, resulting in higher infection rates.