bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Argument for Uniqueness about Evidential Support
Authors: Forrester Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper I identify a family of explanatory demands facing permissivists, those who deny the uniqueness thesis, according to which every body of evidence rationally permits exactly one doxastic attitude for a person to have in light of that evidence. Call a pair of a body of evidence and a proposition apermissive casejust in case there is more than one attitude that is permitted for someone who has that body of evidence to take to that proposition. Uniquers claim that there are no permissive cases, and permissivists deny this. The uniqueness thesis is a strong claim, and is vulnerable to counterexamples because it is a universal generalization, and indeed, many permissivists argue for their view by identifying putative counterexamples to the uniqueness thesis. However, in virtue of advancing these putative counterexamples, permissivists incur explanatory demands. If some, but not all, cases are permissive cases, then permissivists owe us an explanation of why some cases are permissive and others are not. Likewise, for each permissive case, permissivists must explain why some attitudes towards the proposition are permitted and others are not. Permissivists draw arbitrary lines between permissive and impermissive cases, and between permitted and impermitted attitudes, giving rise to distinctions which need explaining.I shall argue that permissivists cannot discharge these explanatory burdens in a satisfying way. After carefully presenting these explanatory demands in section 2, I consider how permissivists might answer them in section 3. I argue that the only permissivists who are able to successfully answer the explanatory demands are extreme permissivists like subjective Bayesians. Most philosophers, however, will find this epistemological outlook implausible because it contains no substantive constraints on rational belief. I also show that previous attempts by permissivists to explain why there are permissive cases merely relocate, rather than answer, the explanatory demands I have identified. The final section argues that permissivists cannot soften up the explanatory demands, either. I show that permissivist cannot appeal to the vagueness of the notion of a permissive case, or of an attitude's being permitted, in order to make the line between the permitted and the impermitted attitudes appear less arbitrary. Nor, I argue, can the permissivist hold that our ignorance of which cases are permissive, and how permissive they are, lessens the explanatory burdens they face.Unfortunately, permissivists have been most interested in attempting to identify a counterexample to the uniqueness thesis, and have not been concerned with the explanatory demands which they incur in so doing. If my arguments are successful, then, permissivism is a much less plausible view than it is currently given credit for, and, at the very least, permissivists have a lot of work to do in further articulating and generalizing their view so as to provide an adequate explanation of the scope of epistemic permission.
FORCING AXIOMS AND THE DEFINABILITY OF THE NONSTATIONARY IDEAL ON THE FIRST UNCOUNTABLE
Authors: HOFFELNER STEFAN , LARSON PAUL , SCHINDLER RALF , WU LIUZHEN 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We show that under

$\mathsf {BMM}$

and “there exists a Woodin cardinal,

$"$

the nonstationary ideal on

$\omega _1$

cannot be defined by a

$\Pi _1$

formula with parameter

$A \subset \omega _1$

. We show that the same conclusion holds under the assumption of Woodin’s

$(\ast )$

-axiom. We further show that there are universes where

$\mathsf {BPFA}$

holds and

$\text {NS}_{\omega _1}$

is

$\Pi _1(\{\omega _1\})$

-definable. Lastly we show that if the canonical inner model with one Woodin cardinal

$M_1$

exists, there is a generic extension of

$M_1$

in which

$\text {NS}_{\omega _1}$

is saturated and

$\Pi _1(\{ \omega _1\} )$

-definable, and

$\mathsf {MA_{\omega _1}}$

holds.
COMPARING COLLABORATIVE CAD MODELLING PATTERNS OF HIGH-PERFORMING AND LOW-PERFORMING TEAMS
Authors: Celjak Robert , Horvat Nikola , Škec Stanko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe development of cloud-based Computer-aided design (CAD) enabled real-time CAD collaboration between multiple designers. While this technology has great potential to change the way CAD work is done, it is still little explored. This paper presents a case with two high-performing and two low-performing three-member teams monitored with non-invasive methods (log data) during a six-week design project. The results show that high-performing teams focused more on the editing of assembly, while low-performing teams focused on creating and editing a part. Furthermore, high-performing teams tended to perform consecutive deleting actions and to transition to creating and editing classes of CAD actions after performing viewing actions. Two modelling approaches which lead to high-quality CAD models were identified. One approach is characterized by frequent use of transitions between editing and Organizing-Design (collaborative actions) classes, while the other between creating, editing and reversing classes. Presented results allow design teams to gain insight into sequential patterns which led to the generation of a high-quality CAD model and to better understand the CAD modelling process.
COMPARISON BETWEEN EXPERIMENTATION AND MULTIPHYSICS MODELLING TO IDENTIFY PRIORITY CONTRADICTION
Authors: Dubois Sebastien , Chibane Hicham , De Guio Roland 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe contradictions of TRIZ are now widespread and recognized as an effective inventive design tool. They make it possible to find solution concepts to problems that cannot be solved by optimization approaches. However, many contradictions could be formulated and it could be difficult to choose the priority one. The authors propose here two methods to formulate the contradictions and identify the priority contradiction: an experimental approach on the one hand, and a multiphysics approach on the other hand. This analysis, illustrated through an example of 3D printing of parts, shows that these two approaches are similar in terms of result, and indeed make it possible to formulate contradictions taking into account all the complexity of a system.
CONSTRUCTING A PRODUCT ARCHITECTURE STRATEGY AND EFFECTS (PASE) MATRIX FOR EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF PRODUCT ARCHITECTURES
Authors: Rice Scott E. , McKinnon Samuel A. , Sannar Benjamin C. , Mattson Christopher A. , Sorensen Carl D. , Anderson Michael L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProduct architecture decisions are made early in the product development process and have far-reaching effects. Unless anticipated through experience or intuition, many of these effects may not be apparent until much later in the development process, making changes to the architecture costly in time, effort, and resources. Many researchers through the years have studied various elements of product architecture and their effects. By aggregating observations on the effects of architecture strategies from a selection of the literature on the topic and storing them in a systematic data set, this information can be recalled in a matrix structure which allows for the identification, comparison and evaluation, and then selection of the most desirable product architecture strategies before expending resources along any development path. This paper introduces this matrix, referred to as the Product Architecture Strategy and Effect (PASE) Matrix, how to construct one, and a demonstration of its use.
DESIGN OF A TELEOPERATION USER INTERFACE FOR SHARED CONTROL OF HIGHLY AUTOMATED AGRICULTURAL MACHINESS
Authors: Lorenz Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a focused examination of critical performance and design issues for the introduction of highly automated tractors and their user interfaces in agriculture. An industry that as of today mainly uses direct-controlled machines that at least to some extent have partly automated functionalities. Issues include out-of-the-loop unfamiliarity, interface complexity, automation transparency, and changing information modalities in teleoperation scenarios for former cabin-based operated machines. Selected evidence and accompanying concepts and findings from literature are put in context to each issue, informing a systematic design process that utilizes the frameworks of knowledge engineering and ecological interface design. The resulting user interface prototype is built upon the identified requirements in analysis and collected design guidelines, stemming from various research areas. The documentation of the consideration of these in context with additional requirements, such as complexity reduction, information interactivity, and users' existing experiences is meant to provide insights into the often opaque and art-like design space.
DESIGN PROCESS MODELLING TO MEASURE ENGINEERING PRODUCTIVITY IN BUILDING DESIGN
Authors: Wong Yvonne Yu Bing , Joyce Sam Conrad , Blessing Lucienne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA multi-domain Matrix (MDM) is used to identify and analyse rework loops within the Building Design (BD) process caused by building regulations. To model this process, we used information from official documents, plans of work, email archives, and anecdotal evidence as a case study. Findings reveal that MDM can identify the rework loops caused by building regulations, this information forms the basis to improve current BD processes. The complexity of the rework loop including the processes, people and, deliverables involved in the rework loop is also identified. Further analysis can also use the MDM to estimate the costs incurred with each rework cycle. This MDM can also identify rework loops in other engineering design processes due to design changes.This study is part of a PhD project exploring engineering productivity in the construction industry using DRM. The results present an MDM that provides situation-specific insight, offering areas of process improvement, and support through engineering productivity measurement. This is one of the few studies that models rework loops in the BD process caused by regulations.
DESIGN TEACHING INTEGRATING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Kromer Robin , Gruhier Elise 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) processes are now integrated in industry. Therefore, new methods to design AM parts taken into consideration capabilities and limitations are necessary. It is very difficult for teachers to effectively guide students with ideas emerging from generative design tools. AM requires significant preparation and compromises. Topological optimization is also used depending on requirements. A significant impact on the final part quality is related to the part orientation and geometric dimensions. Therefore, this white paper focuses on detailed design steps to prepare future technicians and engineers to design for additive manufacturing. Active teaching pedagogy guideline is proposed. Students have to think in 3D and use analysis tools to create and validate the optimised design. They use immersive tools to review constraints and model diagnostic algorithm to generate data. Present approaches with design guidelines and tools enable to create AM rules based on it. Questionnaire shows that students need explicit knowledge information. Features recognition and geometry diagnostic are mandatory for complex model. Immersive tool helps to evaluate post-processing. They can now relate AM product-process relationship.
DESIGNING EMERGENCE IN SYSTEMS OF SYSTEMS USING INFORMATION STREAMS
Authors: Hochmann Uriel , Reich Yoram 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSystems complexity is increasing, in particular, when systems become systems of systems (SoS). SoS are composed of constituent systems (CS), have unique goals for the CS and the SoS as a whole, and present new SoS-level properties called emergent properties. Emergent properties are unique because they only appear at the system level. Current research has only revealed some tools focusing on simple emergence for engineers aiming to design emergence at the SoS level. However, forming design tools for the creation or modification of strong emergence will enable engineers to create systematic changes in the SoS. This article proposes a connection between emergence and information streams with the latter being a model of the transfer of information between the different CS in the SoS. A methodology for designing SoS information streams is demonstrated, with encouraging results, using a multi-agent simulation of the propagation of the COVID-19 virus through citizens. By testing several information stream configurations, an SoS with a decrease of 47% in sick agents was found. These results show that by changing the information stream better SoS performance is attained, supporting designing in a complex world.
DESIGNING FOR LEGAL PRACTITIONERS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM LEGAL TECH DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Đurić Marko , Martinec Tomislav , Porobija Marko , Štorga Mario 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, the design and digitalisation approaches have become increasingly utilised in the legal context, typically under the names of legal design and legal tech. One of their goals is to help legal practitioners be more efficient and to provide better quality and more comprehensive legal services. Also, given that both movements rely heavily on participatory and co-design, they will require increased support not only from design practitioners but also from design researchers and educators. Therefore, this paper investigates, from a design research viewpoint, the opportunities and challenges of developing and implementing legal tech, with a particular focus on legal practitioners. It reports on four cases of designing legal tech solutions and their implementation in a law firm. The main insights are related to the importance of value perception through participatory and co-design, the need for efficient and effective testing methodologies, and the opportunity to test a wide range of design methods and tools in the legal context. The paper also complements the legal design and legal tech literature with additional arguments on why designing in the legal context is challenging compared to designing in other domains.
DESIGNING SOLUTIONS FOR UNCERTAIN FUTURES: A CHECKLIST FOR CHOOSING SUITABLE SCENARIOS
Authors: Gall Tjark , Vallet Flore , Ben Ammar Malek , Yannou Bernard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFuture scenarios are intermediary artefacts for mid- and long-term design of complex solutions, e.g., to improve urban mobility systems. They allow designers to explore possible alternatives and incorporate uncertainty in the process. While their making is widely studied and implemented in scenario planning, their assessment got little attention. To find out which characteristics of scenarios we can assess, we conducted interviews and an expert workshop. This results in a scenario assessment framework of 3 levels: Assessment of system impact, evaluation of impact on practitioners and quality assurance. We focus on the latter as it represents the key gap and established a checklist for it. We distinguish between the level of engagement, i.e., scenario makers and users who adapt existing sets (or archetypes). Finally, we provide a checklist to aid ensuring that when choosing existing scenario sets, key criteria are fulfilled. This shall enable designers to better integrate scenarios in their workflows. We provide examples of designing mobility solutions. Yet, the findings can be applied to all disciplines where scenarios can aid design processes but are so far limited due to the resources needed for creating meaningful scenarios.
DETECTING AND CHARACTERIZING PATTERNS OF FAILURE IN COMPLEX ENGINEERED SYSTEMS: AN ONTOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND CLUSTERING APPROACH
Authors: Walsh Hannah Scharline , Dong Andy , Tumer Irem , Brat Guillaume 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile the causes of failures in complex engineered systems are often clear in hindsight, it can be challenging to predict failures proactively during the design of novel engineered products or systems. Identifying patterns can be useful for capturing common characteristics that may lead to failure. In this paper, we present a methodology for identifying patterns of failure from NASA's publicly available Lessons Learned Information System (LLIS). We apply an ontology development and clustering approach to identify representative patterns leading to failures in historical lessons learned. A joint inductive-deductive approach reveals the key themes in lessons that lead to failure, which are formalized and recorded as an ontology of complex systems failure causes. Documents from the LLIS are manually tagged with relevant characteristics from the ontology. From the tagged set, clustering is used to capture co-occurring sets of characteristics that lead to failure. The primary contribution of this work is a method for extracting a set of generic failure patterns in complex engineered systems and characteristics for these patterns that can be identified at design time, knowledge of which can be used to plan mitigation strategies.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CLASSIFIER AND A SIMULATOR TO SUPPORT THE DESIGN OF AN ANTI-DECUBITUS ACTIVE MATTRESS
Authors: Brunzini Agnese , Rossi Marta , Mandolini Marco , Cappelletti Federica , Germani Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractApproximately 10% of hospitalized patients develops decubitus ulcers that quickly degenerates into chronic illness that reduces the quality of life and requires expensive clinical management. The use of an anti-decubitus active mattress, that automatically redistributes the pressure loads, reduces the occurrence of new lesions and promotes the healing of the pre-existing ones.The aim of this work is to design and develop two tools to support the design of an anti-decubitus active mattress. Almost all the systems found in literature are based on the classification of pressure maps through machine learning and are difficultly usable in the design context.This work proposes a pressure map Classifier and an Interactive Simulator of the mattress, based on a simpler logic, by integrating image processing techniques and functioning simulations. The Classifier can recognize the patient's pressure maps and classify them according to six reference sleep postures. The Interactive Simulator allows to understand the operating mechanisms of the mattress and to test the controller and the various control logics in the absence of a physical prototype.
DURABOT: THE TOOL TO INTRODUCE DURABILITY IN THE DESIGN PROCESS
Authors: Cappelletti Federica , Menchi Giacomo , Rossi Marta , Germani Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe extension of the product lifecycle is crucial in the application of Circular Economy principles. However, when Energy Related Products are concerned, managing a durable product does not necessarily mean dealing with sustainable products. This happens because components and/or materials are affected by aging and lead to increased requirement of resources to run (i.e. electricity); there are certain trends that, although distinct from the previous facts, balance the effects of aging, i.e. energy grid mix decarbonization. In the present work an approach that considers both the economic and environmental consequences of durable products is proposed. The Durabot tool has been developed to accomplish the environmental analysis. The work overcomes the main literature criticalities: enables the assessment of environmental consequences of durability ; the evolution of energy grid mix is introduced; the environmental consequences of durable products in different lifecycle scenarios can be assessed during the design phase; therefore, the components to substitute and to make accessible are identified. The tool is intended to be used aiming at design for product lifecycle extension, maintaining both economic and environmental convenience
ECO-INNOVATION METHOD IN A RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION: NEED ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE METHOD (JUDAIS 2023)
Authors: Judais Pierre , Monnier Elise , Ben Rejeb Helmi , Zwolinski Peggy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch and Technology Organisations (RTOs) develop and transfer new technologies to industry. Considering environnemental and social challenges in their activities is becoming more and more important. Integrating these challenges within an organization requires a global and coherent method, but also flexibility to adapt to the various activities of the organisationz. Eco-innovation is an approach that can meet these goals. However, literature has already shown that the main obstacles for the integration of eco-innovation come from the lack of global approaches adapted to companies' practices. In this paper, we characterise the specific activities of RTOs. Then, we specified the need for an eco innovation approach for RTOs. We carried out a functional analysis to formalise the need and identify the main functions that the eco-innovation approach must fulfil. We conducted exploratory interviews with various stakholders from an RTO in order to validate the identified needs and functions.
EFFECTS OF BIOPHILIC RESTORATIVE EXPERIENCES ON DESIGNERS' BODIES, BRAINS, AND MINDS
Authors: Ignacio Paulo , Shealy Tripp 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe research presented in this paper explores a novel method for assessing the effects of biophilic restorative experiences on designers’ cognition by combining the use of physiological, neurocognitive and semantic measures. A total of 12 engineering graduate students participated in a three-step pilot experiment that consisted of (1) a stressor (the Trier Social Stress Test), (2) a destressing intervention (biophilic sound experience), and (3) a design task. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to track subjects’ autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to track patterns of brain activation in subjects’ prefrontal cortex (PFC). Changes in design quality were assessed by the semantic space they explored, measured through a natural language processing (NLP) technique. Preliminary findings suggest that an auditory biophilic restorative experience can change designers’ bodies, brains, and minds. Results from this pilot study encourage further exploration of the use of exposure to nature-based stimuli as a method to help enhance engineering design cognition.
EFFECTS OF EMBODIED AND SELF-REFLECTED VIRTUAL REALITY ON ENGINEERING STUDENTS’ DESIGN COGNITION ABOUT NATURE
Authors: Trump Josh , Shealy Tripp 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe study presented in this paper investigated the impact of embodied and self-reflected virtual reality (VR) experiences on engineering design students' cognition and perception of nature-relatedness during the early conceptual design phase. Results showed that students who explored the design environment as a bird (embodied) or human (self) avatar were significantly more likely to explore a larger design space indicated by more semantically unique design concepts compared to students without the VR experience. Network graphs of the syntactic connection of design concepts revealed notable differences among the three groups. The bird avatar group showed more connections to nature-related and social concepts, while more technical concepts were central for the human avatar group, and concepts about money were more central to the control group. Finally, students who embodied the bird avatar had a significantly stronger perception of connection to nature compared to the human avatar and control group, with a small to medium effect size. The results suggest that embodied (as a bird) and self-reflected (as a human) VR experiences can enhance engineering students' design thinking and perception of connection to nature.