bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin use is associated with reduced acute kidney injury following coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with type 2 diabetes: An inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis
Authors: Peng Wenxing , Yang Bo , Qiao Huanyu , Liu Yongmin , Lin Yang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectiveAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Patients with diabetes are commonly associated with renal microvascular complications and have a greater risk of AKI after CABG surgery. This study aimed to explore whether preoperative metformin administration could reduce the incidence of postoperative AKI following CABG in patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignPatients with diabetes who underwent CABG were retrospectively included in this study. AKI after CABG was defined according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The effects of metformin on postoperative AKI following CABG in patients were compared and analyzed.Data SourcePatients were enrolled in this study between January 2019 and December 2020 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.PatientsA total of 812 patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into the metformin group (203 cases) and the control group (609 cases) according to whether metformin was used preoperatively.InterventionInverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to minimize baseline differences between the two groups. IPT‐weighted p values were analyzed to evaluate the postoperative outcomes between the two groups.Measurements and Main ResultsThe incidence of AKI in the metformin group and the control group was compared. After IPTW adjustment, the incidence of AKI in the metformin group was lower than the control group (IPTW‐adjusted p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, metformin showed significant protective effects in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and eGFR 60–90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 subgroups, which was not observed in the eGFR ≥90 mL/min per 1.73 m2 subgroup. No significant differences in the incidence of renal replacement therapy, reoperation due to bleeding, in‐hospital mortality, or red blood cell transfusion volume were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsIn this study, we provided evidence that preoperative metformin was associated with a significant reduction of postoperative AKI following CABG in patients with diabetes. Metformin showed significant protective effects in patients with mild‐to‐moderate renal insufficiency.
Socio‐emotional, cognitive, affective disorders and substance use in a sample of students in first‐ and second‐grade high school in Italy: A comparison among students', parents', and teachers' perceptions
Authors: Cena Loredana , Trainini Alice , Zecca Sara , Zappa Sofia Bonetti , Cunegatti Federica , Buizza Chiara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe closure of schools, social hubs, and extracurricular activities due to lockdown measures imposed to curb the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2, has increased the risk factors for students' mental health. This cross‐sectional study, conducted from March 2020 to March 2021, aimed to estimate socio‐emotional, cognitive, and affective disorders and substance use in a sample of first‐ and second‐grade high school students in Northern Italy. This study compared data from 284 Italian students' self‐perceptions along with the perceptions of their parents and teachers through a web‐based survey. The differences in the perceptions of the three groups (students, parents, and teachers) were analyzed using an analysis of variance test, applying a Bonferroni correction. Theχ2test was used to assess the comparison between students, parents, and teachers in the substance use questions. The results showed statistically significant differences among the three groups. The most important outcomes were sociality, scholastic performance, extracurricular activity, emotional symptoms, affective disorders (depression and anxiety), and substance use. These findings could be interesting for the promotion of mental health and prevention of psychopathological risks in students.
The fascist Green Revolution
Authors: Sollai Michele 
Published: May 2023

Societal Impact StatementThe Green Revolution is commonly understood as the dramatic increase in food production in Mexico and India between the 1940s and 1970s due to the spread of new agricultural technologies, especially high‐yielding seed varieties. Beyond this conventional understanding, however, historians are now revealing the occurrence of—and connections between—various Green Revolutions across space and time. This article identifies a “fascist Green Revolution” through the history of agrarian development and scientific wheat breeding in fascist Italy (1922–1943). Through this case study, the article provides new insights into key themes of discussion around the Green Revolution such as the relationship between plant breeding, the environment, food security, and food self‐sufficiency.Summary

In 1925, the fascist regime launched the “Battle of Wheat,” a plan of agrarian development aimed at achieving self‐sufficiency in wheat, Italy's main food crop. Key to this project was the replacement of traditional landraces with “elite” semi‐dwarf and early‐maturing wheat cultivars released by Italy's star plant breeder Nazareno Strampelli. Through the historical analysis of Strampelli's breeding program and of the implementation of the fascist “seed replacement” strategy, this article makes the case for viewing the Battle of Wheat as a “fascist Green Revolution.”
The article draws on new methods and perspectives developed by the historiography of the Green Revolution. It is grounded on the historical analysis of fascist‐era publications and archival documents produced by Italian crop scientists and agricultural research institutions.
While “elite” cultivars spread rapidly in fertile and wealthy northern Italy, they struggled to take hold in the dry and poor Italian South. The article delineates the environmental, social, and economic reasons underpinning this divergence. Focusing in particular on agrarian scientists' approaches to crop improvement in the Italian South, the article shows how this “marginal” region became a key site for the development of scientific counter‐narratives and concrete alternatives to the official fascist strategy of “seed replacement.”
The article reveals the co‐existence of multiple approaches over space and time within fascist‐era agrarian science. Through this case study, it provides new elements to analyze key themes in science and agriculture historiography such as the tension between hyper‐modernization and agroecological concerns, centralized and decentralized research, imported technologies and local resources.
Black Hole Spectra from Vaz's Quantum Gravitational Collapse
Authors: Corda Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn 2014, in a famous paper Hawking strongly criticized the firewall paradox by claiming that it violates the equivalence principle and breaks the CPT invariance of quantum gravity. He proposed that the final result of the gravitational collapse should not be an event horizon, but an apparent horizon instead. On the other hand, Hawking did not give a mechanism for how this could work. In the same year, Vaz endorsed Hawking's proposal in a quantum gravitational model of dust collapse by winning the Second Prize in the 2014 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition. He indeed showed that continued collapse to a singularity can only be obtained if one combines two independent and entire solutions of the Wheeler‐DeWitt equation. Vaz's interpretation of the paradox was in terms of simply forbidding such a combination. This leads naturally to matter condensing on the apparent horizon during quantum collapse. In that way, an entirely new framework for black holes (BHs) has emerged. The approach of Vaz was also consistent with Einstein's idea in 1939 of the localization of the collapsing particles within a thin spherical shell. In this work we derive the BH mass and energy spectra via a Schrodinger‐like approach, by further supporting Vaz's conclusions that instead of a spacetime singularity covered by an event horizon, the final result of the gravitational collapse is an essentially quantum object, an extremely compact “dark star”. This “gravitational atom” is held up not by any degeneracy pressure but by quantum gravity in the same way that ordinary atoms are sustained by quantum mechanics. Finally, by evoking the generalized uncertainty principle, the maximum value of the density of Vaz's shell will be estimated.
A gut‐isolated Enterococcus strain (HcM7) triggers the expression of antimicrobial peptides that aid resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus infection of Hyphantria cunea larvae
Authors: Li Shouyin , Yu Xiaohang , Fan Binqi , Hao Dejun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCommensal microorganisms are widely distributed in insect gut tissues and play important roles in host nutrition, metabolism, reproductive regulation, and especially immune functioning and tolerance to pathogens. Consequently, gut microbiota represent a promising resource for the development of microbial‐based products for pest control and management. However, the interactions among host immunity, entomopathogen infections, and gut microbiota remain poorly understood for many arthropod pests.ResultsWe previously isolated an Enterococcus strain (HcM7) from Hyphantria cunea larvae guts that increased the survival rates of larvae challenged with nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). Here, we further investigated whether this Enterococcus strain stimulates a protective immune response against NPV proliferation. Infection bioassays demonstrated that re‐introduction of the HcM7 strain to germfree larvae preactivated the expression of several antimicrobial peptides (particularly H. cunea gloverin 1, HcGlv1), resulting in the significant repression of virus replication in host guts and hemolymph, and consequently improved host survivorship after NPV infection. Furthermore, silencing of the HcGlv1 gene by RNA interference markedly enhanced the deleterious effects of NPV infection, revealing a role of this gut symbiont‐induced gene in host defenses against pathogenic infections.ConclusionThese results show that some gut microorganisms can stimulate host immune systems, thereby contributing to resistance to entomopathogens. Furthermore, HcM7, as a functional symbiotic bacteria of H. cunea larvae, may be a potential target for increasing the effectiveness of biocontrol agents against this devastating pest. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hypergraph Ramsey numbers of cliques versus stars
Authors: Conlon David , Fox Jacob , He Xiaoyu , Mubayi Dhruv , Suk Andrew , Verstraëte Jacques 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet denote the complete 3‐uniform hypergraph on vertices and the 3‐uniform hypergraph on vertices consisting of all edges incident to a given vertex. Whereas many hypergraph Ramsey numbers grow either at most polynomially or at least exponentially, we show that the off‐diagonal Ramsey number exhibits an unusual intermediate growth rate, namely,
for some positive constants and . The proof of these bounds brings in a novel Ramsey problem on grid graphs which may be of independent interest: what is the minimum such that any 2‐edge‐coloring of the Cartesian product contains either a red rectangle or a blue ?
Categorical classifiers in multiclass classification with imbalanced datasets
Authors: Carpita Maurizio , Golia Silvia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses, in a multiclass classification setting, the issue of the choice of the so‐called categorical classifier, which is the procedure or criterion that transforms the probabilities produced by a probabilistic classifier into a single category or class. The standard choice is the Bayes Classifier (BC), but it has some limits with rare classes. This paper studies the classification performance of the BC versus two alternatives, that are the Max Difference Classifier (MDC) and Max Ratio Classifier (MRC), through an extensive simulation and some case studies. The results show that both MDC and MRC are preferable to BC in a multiclass setting with imbalanced data.
The impacts of latent profiles and transitions of stresses on adolescent mental health: A person‐centred analysis
Authors: Chen Danrui , Zhou Xinglin , Wu Huijiao , Ying Jiefeng , Shen Yunhong , Zhu Qixin , You Jianing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch has demonstrated robust links between adolescent stress and serious psychological problems. The current study aimed to identify latent stress profiles of 1510 adolescents (59.7% females;Mage = 16.77 years,SD = 0.86) based on five stresses (parental stresses, family environment stresses, academic stresses, teacher stresses, and peer stresses) at three time points (T1/2/3). Moreover, this study would investigate the transition patterns of these profiles over time and examine the associations between the profiles and adverse psychological symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, nonsuicidal self‐injury [NSSI], and suicidal ideation). Three latent stress profiles were identified, includingHigh‐stress profile,Medium‐stress profile, andLow‐stress profile.The three profiles were significantly different on the levels of T1/2/3 anxiety, depression, NSSI, and suicidal ideation. The profile memberships remained relatively stable across three time points. Notably, the present study found gender differences, with boys were more likely to be in theHigh‐stress profileand to transition from theMedium‐to theHigh‐stress profile, compared to girls. Furthermore, left‐behind adolescents were more likely to be in theHigh‐stress profilethan non‐left‐behind adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of adopting ‘this‐approach‐fits‐this‐profile’ interventions for adolescents. Parents and teachers are advised to adopt different strategies for girls and boys.
Incidence and performance of spinouts and incumbent new establishments: Role of selection and redeployability within parent firms
Authors: Balasubramanian Natarajan , Sakakibara Mariko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryUsing matched employer‐employee data from 30 U.S. states covering a wide range of industries, we compare spinouts with new establishments formed by incumbents (INEs). We propose a selection‐based framework comprising idea selection by parents to internally implement ideas as INEs, entrepreneurial selection by founders to form spinouts, and exit selection to close ventures. Consistent with parents choosing better ideas in the idea selection stage, we find that INEs perform relatively better than spinouts, and more so with larger parents. Regarding the entrepreneurial selection stage, we find evidence consistent with resource requirements being a greater entry barrier to spinouts. Parents' resource redeployment opportunities are associated with lower relative survival of INEs, consistent with their being subject to greater selection pressures in the exit selection stage.Managerial SummarySpinouts, or new ventures started by employees leaving a parent firm, have received special attention because spinouts tend to outperform other types of new firms. This superior performance is typically attributed to the better knowledge and higher‐quality ideas developed by the founders at parent firms. However, parent firms can also select and implement such ideas internally, particularly if they are good quality ideas. We compare spinouts with new establishments formed within parent firms and find that consistent with such a process of selection, the latter outperform spinouts, more so in the case of larger parents. Interestingly, new establishments of parent firms tend to close at a greater rate than spinouts, consistent with parent firms being able to redeploy resources elsewhere within their firms.
Enhanced Liposomal Drug Delivery Via Membrane Fusion Triggered by Dimeric Coiled‐Coil Peptides
Authors: Zeng Ye , Shen Mengjie , Singhal Ankush , Sevink Geert Jan Agur , Crone Niek , Boyle Aimee L. , Kros Alexander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn ideal nanomedicine system improves the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. However, most nanomedicines enter cells via endosomal/lysosomal pathways and only a small fraction of the cargo enters the cytosol inducing therapeutic effects. To circumvent this inefficiency, alternative approaches are desired. Inspired by fusion machinery found in nature, synthetic lipidated peptide pair E4/K4 is used to induce membrane fusion previously. Peptide K4 interacts specifically with E4, and it has a lipid membrane affinity and resulting in membrane remodeling. To design efficient fusogens with multiple interactions, dimeric K4 variants are synthesized to improve fusion with E4‐modified liposomes and cells. The secondary structure and self‐assembly of dimers are studied; the parallel PK4 dimer forms temperature‐dependent higher‐order assemblies, while linear K4 dimers form tetramer‐like homodimers. The structures and membrane interactions of PK4 are supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Upon addition of E4, PK4 induced the strongest coiled‐coil interaction resulting in a higher liposomal delivery compared to linear dimers and monomer. Using a wide spectrum of endocytosis inhibitors, membrane fusion is found to be the main cellular uptake pathway. Doxorubicin delivery results in efficient cellular uptake and concomitant antitumor efficacy. These findings aid the development of efficient delivery systems of drugs into cells using liposome‐cell fusion strategies.
A Universal Fabrication Strategy for High‐Resolution Perovskite‐Based Photodetector Arrays
Authors: Liang Yegang , Lu Qiuchun , Wu Wenqiang , Xu Zhangsheng , Lu Hui , He Zeping , Zhu Yizhi , Yu Yang , Han Xun , Pan Caofeng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite photodetector arrays have demonstrated great potential applications in the field of integrated systems, optical communications, and health monitoring. However, the fabrication of large‐scale and high‐resolution device is still challenging due to their incompatibility with the polar solvents. Here, a universal fabrication strategy that utilizes ultrathin encapsulation‐assisted photolithography and etching to create high‐resolution photodetectors array with vertical crossbar structure is reported. This approach yields a 48 × 48 photodetector array with a resolution of 317 ppi. The device shows good imaging capability with a high on/off ratio of 3.3 × 105 and long‐term working stability over 12 h. Furthermore, this strategy can be applied to five different material systems, and is fully compatible with the existing photolithography and etching techniques, which are expected to have potential applications in the other high‐density and solvent‐sensitive devices array, including perovskite‐ or organic semiconductor‐based memristor, light emitting diode displays, and transistors.
Experimental investigation of the shear behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete slender beams without stirrups through crack kinematics and shear transfer mechanisms
Authors: Resende Thomás Lima de , Cardoso Daniel Carlos Taissum 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper aims to contribute to a more rational understanding of the shear strength behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete beams without stirrups. For this purpose, an experimental program comprising eight slender beams varying the fiber content and type, tested in three‐point bending configuration with a complete monitoring of the displacement fields of the failure span, was carried out. A detailed analysis of the shape and kinematics of the critical crack, associated with the investigation of the shear transfer mechanisms during the test given by mechanical models available in the literature, was performed. The theoretical–experimental analyzes proved to be a promising approach for quantifying the contribution of each relevant parameter to the shear capacity, such as the fiber concrete residual tensile response. The study, therefore, presents a contribution toward a rational and comprehensive methodology for the shear design of concrete members. The influence of shape and kinematics of the critical crack on the shear response is also reported and a theoretical explanation is provided to justify the fact that beams with the same characteristics have different cracking patterns but similar shear strength.
Photon propagator in de Sitter space in the general covariant gauge
Authors: Glavan Dražen , Prokopec Tomislav 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider a free photon field inD-dimensional de Sitter space, and construct its propagator in the general covariant gauge. Canonical quantization is employed to define the system starting from the classical theory. This guarantees that the propagator satisfies both the equation of motionandsubsidiary conditions descending from gauge invariance and gauge fixing. We first construct the propagator as a sum-over-modes in momentum space, carefully accounting for symmetry properties of the state. We then derive the position space propagator in a covariant representation, that is our main result. Our conclusions disagree with previous results as we find that the position space photon propagatornecessarily breaks de Sitter symmetry, except in the exact transverse gauge limit.
A freely falling graviton in the D1D5 CFT
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study a freely falling graviton propagating in AdS in the context of the D1D5 CFT, where we introduce an interaction by turning on a deformation operator. We start with one left and right moving boson in the CFT. After applying two deformation operators, the initial bosons split into three left moving and three right moving bosons. We compute the amplitude for various energies and extrapolate the result to the large energy region. At early times, the amplitude is linear in time. This corresponds to an infalling graviton becoming redshifted in AdS. At late times, the amplitude is periodic, which agrees with the fact that a freely falling graviton will not be thermalized.
Interactions of πK, ππK and KKπ systems at maximal isospin from lattice QCD
Authors: Draper Zachary T. , Hanlon Andrew D. , Hörz Ben , Morningstar Colin , Romero-López Fernando , Sharpe Stephen R. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the interactions of systems of two and three nondegenerate mesons composed of pions and kaons at maximal isospin using lattice QCD, specifically π+K+, π+π+K+ and K+K+π+. Utilizing the stochastic LapH method, we determine the spectrum of these systems on two CLS Nf = 2 + 1 ensembles with pion masses of 200 MeV and 340 MeV, and include many levels in different momentum frames. We constrain the K matrices describing two- and three-particle interactions by fitting the spectrum to the results predicted by the finite-volume formalism, including up to p waves. This requires also results for the π+π+ and K+K+ spectrum, which have been obtained previously on the same configurations. We explore different fitting strategies, comparing fits to energy shifts with fits to energies boosted to the rest frame, and also comparing simultaneous global fits to all relevant two- and three-particle channels to those where we first fit two-particle channels and then add in the three-particle information. We provide the first determination of the three-particle K matrix in π+π+K+ and K+K+π+ systems, finding statistically significant nonzero results in most cases. We include s and p waves in the K matrix for π+K+ scattering, finding evidence for an attractive p-wave scattering length. We compare our results to Chiral Perturbation Theory, including an investigation of the impact of discretization errors, for which we provide the leading order predictions obtained using Wilson Chiral Perturbation Theory.