bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchrotron Polarization of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow Shocks with Hydrodynamic-scale Turbulent Magnetic Field
Authors: Kuwata Asuka , Toma Kenji , Kimura Shigeo S. , Tomita Sara , Shimoda Jiro 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are emitted from expanding forward shocks, which are expected to have magnetic fields much stronger than the interstellar field, although the origin of the field is a long-standing problem. Two field amplification mechanisms, plasma kinetic instabilities and magnetohydrodynamic instabilities, have been discussed so far. The coherence-length scales of the fields amplified by these two processes are different by 7–10 orders of magnitude, and the polarimetric observations may distinguish them. We construct a semi-analytic model of the forward-shock afterglow polarization under the assumption of hydrodynamic-scale turbulent magnetic field. We perform numerical calculations of synchrotron polarization for the isotropic turbulence and the zero viewing angle. We find that the polarization degrees are ∼1% when the field coherence-length scale in the fluid co-moving frame is of the order of the thickness of the shocked regions. This range of polarization degree is comparable to that of the observed late-phase optical afterglows. Our model also shows that the radio polarization degrees are comparable to the optical ones on average but can be higher than the optical ones at some time intervals. The polarization angles are shown to vary randomly and continuously. These polarimetric properties are clearly different from the case of plasma kinetic instability. Simultaneous polarimetric observations of GRB afterglows at the radio and optical bands have recently started, which will help us constrain the magnetic field amplification mechanism.
Do Patterns of Early Disease Severity Predict Grade 12 Academic Achievement in Youths With Childhood-Onset Chronic Rheumatic Diseases?
Authors: Lim Lily S.H. , Ekuma Okechukwu , Marrie Ruth A. , Brownell Marni , Peschken Christine A. , Hitchon Carol A. , Gerhold Kerstin , Lix Lisa M. 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo test the association of early disease severity with grade 12 standards test performance in individuals with childhood-onset chronic rheumatic diseases (ChildCRDs), including juvenile arthritis and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases.MethodsWe used linked provincial administrative data to identify patients with ChildCRDs born between 1979 and 1998 in Manitoba, Canada. Primary outcomes were Language and Arts Achievement Index (LAI) scores and Math Achievement Index (MAI) scores from grade 12 standards test results as well as enrollment data. The secondary outcome was enrollment in grade 12 by 17 years of age. Latent class trajectory analysis identified disease severity groups using physician visits following diagnosis. Multivariable linear regression tested the association of disease severity groups with LAI and MAI scores, and logistic regression tested the association of disease severity with age-appropriate enrollment, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric morbidities.ResultsThe study cohort included 541 patients, 70.1% of whom were female. A 3-class trajectory model provided the best fit; it classified 9.7% of patients as having severe disease, 54.5% as having moderate disease, and 35.8% as having mild disease. After covariate adjustment, severe disease was associated with poorer LAI and MAI scores but not with age-appropriate enrollment.ConclusionAmong patients with ChildCRDs, those with severe disease performed more poorly on grade 12 standards tests, independent of sociodemographic and psychiatric risk factors. Clinicians should work with educators and policy makers to advocate for supports to improve educational outcomes of patients with ChildCRDs.
Economic evaluation of hepatitis A vaccines by income level of the country: A systematic review
Authors: Gurav Yogesh Kirshnarao , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Thakkinstian Ammarin , Chaikledkaew Usa , Thavorncharoensap Montarat 
Published: February 2023

Background & objectives:
Although several reviews of economic evaluation (EE) studies on hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine exist, there remains a need to corroborate such data from time to time. This study aimed to systematically review the literature for reports on EE of HAV vaccination by type of population, characteristics of intervention and income level of the country.

Methods:
PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify relevant studies from inception up to May 2021 using topic-specific key words in various combinaiton. Full EE studies comparing HAV vaccination to no vaccine or immunoglobulin were included. The risk of bias was assessed by using the ECOBIAS checklist.

Results:
Among the 1984 identified studies, 43 were found eligible. Of these, 27 were from high-income countries (HICs), 15 from middle-income countries (MICs), and one from low income country. Majority of the studies used Markov model and/or decision tree (n=26). Eight studies used a dynamic model. The discount rate, perspective and time horizon varied across the studies. Universal HAV vaccination without screening was cost-effective among children (14/16, 87.5%) and adolescents (1/5, 20%) but not in adults (0/4, 0%). Analysis by the level of income found that universal HAV vaccination among children without screening was cost-effective in 81.8 per cent of the studies conducted in MICs (9/11) as compared to 66.7 per cent in HICs (4/6). About one-third of the studies conducted among children found that screening and HAV vaccination were cost-effective compared to no vaccination.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The finding of this review suggest that universal vaccination of children without screening was likely to be cost-effective, especially in MICs. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the methodology varied across studies. Several aspects should also be considered in transferring the EE results across jurisdictions.
Comparative Evaluation of the Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Contents of Palm Kernel (E. Guineensis) and Deleb Palm (B. Aethiopum) Nuts
Authors: Mohammed Jibrin , Muktar Muhammed , Solomon Osuegba Osuendo , Madaki Kabiru Suleiman , Onimisi Ahmed Abdulhanan 
Published: February 2023

This study aimed at evaluating the relative vitamins, minerals and proximate compositions of Palm kernel and Deleb palm nuts. The proximate parameters (crude fibre, crude protein, crude fat, ash and moisture) were determined using standard analytical procedures. The minerals (Fe, Zn, Mg and Ca) were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ICE 3000 series) while K and Na were analyzed using Flame Photometer (model 405, corning, U.K). The vitamins (A, B2, and D) were determined using UV spectrophotometer while vitamin C was determined using titrimetric method. The results revealed higher percent crude fibre (12.81%), crude protein (13.13%), crude fat (44.09%), ash (3.05%), moisture (7.05%) energy (2192.33kcal/ 100 g) and fatty acid contents (35.27% ) in Palm kernel nut while only carbohydrate was found to be higher in Deleb palm nut (81.71%). The concentrations of vitamin A, B2 and D were found to be higher in Palm kernel nut while only vitamin C was found to be higher in Deleb palm nut (1.22± 0.06). The minerals composition revealed that calcium (27.79 ± 0.83 mg/100 g), magnesium (19.36 ± 1.22 mg/ 100 g), zinc (0.68± 0.12) and iron (3.35± 0.01 mg/100 g) contents in Palm kernel nut were higher than in Deleb palm nut while only the concentration of potassium (74.75 ± 0.61 mg/100 g) was found to be higher in Deleb palm nut. However, based on the results obtained from this study, the nutritional value of palm kernel nut was found to be higher than that of deleb palm nut and both samples could be used as good sources of some nutrients in a died.
Effectiveness of Calcined Calcium Carbide Waste (CCCW) in Mitigating the Leachability of Lead and Cadmium from Contaminated Soil from Evbareke Spare Parts Market Benin City Edo State Nigeria
Authors: Okponmwense Moses , Edogiawerie Lydia Oghosa 
Published: February 2023

Heavy metal contamination of soil can present dangers besides threats to humans as well as the ecosystem via uninterrupted intake or interaction with contaminated soil and the food chain. The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of calcined calcium carbide waste (CCCW) in mitigating the leachability of lead and cadmium ions in contaminated soil from Evbareke spare parts market Benin City, Edo State Nigeria. Contaminated soil samples were collected using quadrant sampling method at the depth of 0-15cm with soil auger. The calcium carbide waste was obtained from a panel beating workshop dumpsite. The calcium carbide waste was dried to constant weight in an oven at 105oC. 50g of the dried calcium carbide waste (CCW) was crushed in a mortar to obtain a powdered form. The X-ray diffraction analysis for the CCCW revealed that it was made up of predominantly portlandite (47%), calcite fraction (23.0%), dolomite (12.7%), coesite (8.6%), muscovite (4.5%) and lime (4.0%), this was corroborated by FTIR analysis. SEM analysis revealed that CCCW possess a rough surface with pore of varied size and irregular shape. The contaminated soil from the Evbareke spare parts market was contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, the soil was saline with low C.E.C. The soil texture was loamy-sand. As the amount of CCCW amended increase in the soil, the amount of cadmium and lead ions that was releasable in the soil reduced. The cadmium and lead ions in contaminated soil was stabilized hence reducing the cadmium and lead availability in the soil. The optimum amender amount in the contaminated soil to immobilize lead ion was 4% w/w and ≥2% w/w for cadmium ion. The CCCW effectively mitigated the leachability of lead and cadmium
Variations in bacterial spectrum and physicochemistry of top soils exposed to gas flaring in Ologbo community, Edo state
Authors: Emejulu Michael Jimmy , Atuanya Ernest Ikenna 
Published: February 2023

Nigeria is a major exporter of petroleum and natural gas and a majority of the petroleum exploratory activities takes place in the Niger Delta area, where high rates of gas flaring associated with exploration and production of these products occur. The study investigated changes in bacterial flora and physicochemistry of soils within the Oredo flow station facility. Seven soil samples were collected in triplicates at radial distances of 40m, 80m, 120m, 160m, 200m, 1km from the flare stack and the control sample was collected from a farmland far from the flow-station but within the community. Standard methods were employed in evaluating the physicochemical parameters and bacteriological analysis was conducted using serial dilution and pour plate methods. The results revealed that gas flaring had significant effects on some soil physicochemical parameters. The impact of gas flare was found to lower the moisture content at 4.44 % for soils collected at 40m whilst for the control soil, it was 12.83%. The nitrate and total nitrogen content of the soil varied from 9.96±1.44 to 12.21±0.13mg/kg and 0.01±0.00 to 0.2±0.01%. The total heterotrophic bacteria count varied from 0.4 ± 0.33 to 14.67±3.77 ×106 cfu/g. Identified bacterial species were; Streptococci sp., Corynebacterium sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Acinetobacter sp., Burkholderia sp. and Bacillus sp. The results revealed that gas flaring had a negative effect on soil bacteria population and physicochemical properties.
The Oromo Doctrine of God
Authors: Kelbessa Workineh 
Published: February 2023

The Oromo of Ethiopia, the largest ethnic group, have their own indigenous religion known as Waaqeffanna. They believe in one Waaqa guraacha (black God) – the God who created the universe and the various forms of life. Waaqa has multiple attributes. Waaqa is He who is before everything else. Waaqa is Uumaa (a creator of everything in the world). Waaqa is hunda beekaa (omniscient). Waaqni gonkumaa kan hin Duune (God is immortal). Waaqa is hundaa tolaa (omnibenevolent). Waaqa is hunda danda’aa (omnipotent). Nothing is impossible with Waaqa. Waaqa is the source and lover of dhugaa (truth). Waaqa is Qulqulluu (pure). The Oromo people believe that in the olden days Waaqa was living on the Earth and only later that Waaqa left the Earth in anger because of personal sin and became invisible. Waaqa is one and at the same time manifests Himself in different ways. This paper teases out and highlights core Oromo views of God, his relationship with the world and the problem of evil.
Формуючий фактор розвитку професійної ідентичності педагога – організатора в умовах установ рекреації
Authors: Костюніна Олена 
Published: February 2023

У статті описано досвід застосування та результати експериментально-генетичного методу з метою формування впливу на розвиток професійної ідентичності педагога – організатора установи рекреації з прив'язкою до структурно-інтегральної 3D моделі професійної ідентичності. Експериментально-генетичний метод представлено як авторський підхід до проектування формуючого експерименту: візуально - когнітивний формуючий эксперимент (ВКФЕ), що має в своїй складовій модель та Програму . Метою статті є доказ доцільності застосування експериментально - генетичного методу (візуально - когнітивний формуючий експеримент (ВКФЕ), як методу, що дозволяє культурно, в певних умовах, викликати і створити генетичний процес формування професійної ідентичності педагога - організатора установи рекреації.
Wartime leadership in the context of organizational change theories
Authors: Batryn Natalia 
Published: February 2023

After the beginning of the wide-scale terrorist invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, leadership theorists shifted their research focus to wartime leadership. The aggressor demonstrated extreme cruelty in fighting with the peaceful people of the country and in one day millions of peaceful leaders changed into wartime leaders. Despite the plethora of research studies devoted to leadership theories, the research topic of wartime leadership has not been discussed widely. The article aims to explore the effective wartime leadership styles, skills, and attributes that can be applied during the war and investigate practical change theories that can help wartime leaders achieve the organizational goal of survival. The author used a phenomenological design because this study attempts to understand students’ perceptions relative to a particular situation. Nine students of West Ukrainian National University were interviewed and shared their perceptions of the practical wartime leadership skills and change theories that can be applied during the war period. The sample size is aligned with a typically used for phenomenological research sample size from 5 to 25 individuals. Literature analysis and research findings show that there is no best leadership style that proves to be the most effective during the war. However, the list of practical wartime leadership skills differs from peacetime leadership skills and embraces such personality attributes as courage, integrity, honesty, reliability, and responsibility. Besides, wartime leadership is about strong communicative skills, fast decision-making, and positive affectivity. Moreover, it is about the constructive implementation of new changes. Therefore, change theories can help wartime leaders to face the challenges. The change theories should be simple, flexible, and easy to be modified.
Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha treatment does not influence serum levels of the markers associated with radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Erhan Özdemirel Ali , Can Güven Serdar , Doğancı Alper , Sarı Sürmeli Zühre , Özyuvalı Ayla , Kurt Mehmet , Rüstemova Diana , Hassan Selin , Peyman Yalçın Sayın Ayşe , Tutkak Hüseyin , Ataman Şebnem 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the levels of change of the markers related to radiographic progression, such as Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), sclerostin (SOST), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and -4, and interleukin (IL)-17 and -23, in ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) during anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment.
Patients and methods: Fifty-three anti-TNF-α naïve AS patients (34 males, 19 females; median: 38 years; range, 20 to 52 years) refractory to conventional treatments meeting the modified New York criteria or Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society classification criteria were enrolled to this cross-sectional, controlled study between October 2015 and January 2017. Fifty healthy volunteers (35 males, 15 females; median: 36 years; range, 18 to 55 years) with similar age and sex characteristics were recruited. Serum DKK-1, BMP-2, BMP-4, SOST, IL-17, and IL-23 levels were measured in both groups. The serum levels of the markers were measured again after about two years (mean follow-up duration of 21.7±6.4 months) in AS patients who started anti-TNF-α treatment. Demographic, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were recorded. The disease activity at the time of inclusion was assessed through the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index.
Results: Serum DKK-1, SOST, IL-17, and IL-23 levels in the AS group before anti-TNF-a treatment were significantly higher compared to the control group (p<0.01 for DKK-1, p<0.001 for others). There was no difference regarding serum BMP-4 levels, whereas BMP-2 levels were significantly higher in the control group (p<0.01). Forty (75.47%) AS patients had serum marker levels measured after anti-TNF-α treatment. No significant change was observed in the serum levels of these 40 patients measured 21.7±6.4 months after the initiation of anti-TNF-α treatment (p>0.05 for all).
Conclusion: In AS patients, there was no change in DKK-1/SOST, BMP, and IL-17/23 cascade with anti-TNF-α treatment. This finding may suggest that these pathways act independently of each other, and their local effects are not influenced by systemic inflammation.
Peran Pemerintah Dalam Proses Pemberian Bantuan Hukum secara Prodeo
Authors: Naiborhu Meilisa , Jambak Fauza Az-Zahra , Lubis Fauziah 
Published: February 2023

Based on the Advocate Law, one form of legal services provided by advocates is legal aid (Article 1 number 2 of the Advocate Law). The role of OBH in providing free legal assistance (Prodeo) to people/groups who are unable to process criminal cases is also stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code. For people who cannot participate in the criminal justice system in certain cases, the officials concerned at all levels of examination are obliged to appoint legal advisers for them. This study uses normative juridical research. The type of data used in this study uses secondary data, namely data from library research. The results of this study are, in the midst of society, the less able groups are separated from the rich/capable groups. To overcome this injustice, the government seeks free legal assistance to people who cannot afford these legal services in order to achieve social justice for all Indonesian people, especially justice in the field of law. In practice, the interest of advocates to carry out the obligation to provide free legal aid and reporting is still low.
Kata Kunci: Role of Government, Advocate, Legal Aid
Advokat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif
Authors: Humairah Fitrah , Matondang Vivin Kadriani , Lubis Fauziah 
Published: February 2023

Advocates, according to Law no. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, is someone whose role is to provide legal assistance both inside and outside the court. Legal consultations, legal assistance, exercising power of attorney, representing, accompanying, defending, and carrying out other legal actions on behalf of clients are services that will be offered by advocates. Lawyers can also function as mediators in the pursuit of truth and the protection of justice, Participate in protecting human rights and offer free and independent legal defense. But in reality, the legal profession has advantages and disadvantages in society, especially in its role in providing legal services. As a result, a lawyer who represents clients in religious courts often does so to assist them or advise them legally to win public sympathy. Compliance with these guidelines can help reduce deviant behavior so that procedures can be considered.
Keywords: Advocate, Islamic Law, Positif Law
Peran Etika Profesi Hukum sebagai Upaya Penegakan Hukum
Authors: Putri Syam Aisyah , Putri Mahrus Melza Mutiara , Tarigan Teti Marlina 
Published: February 2023

The principle of the rule of law in the life of society and the state demands the role of the advocate as a free, independent and responsible profession in legal aid in the context of enforcing criminal law, in addition to the judiciary and law enforcement agencies. as the Police and Attorney General. Through the legal services provided, Advocates carry out their professional duties for the sake of upholding justice based on the law for the benefit of justice seekers, including efforts to empower the community to realize their basic rights before the law. Advocates as an element of law enforcement in criminal justice are one of the pillars in upholding the rule of law and human rights. Guarantee of equality before the law
Keywords: Role, Professional Ethics, Law Enforcement.
Peranan Advokat sebagai Mediator di Pengadilan Agama Dalam Perspektif Maslahah Mursalah
Authors: Arum Wiwied Sekar , Hasanah Ade Yusrah , Lubis Fauziah 
Published: February 2023

Advocate is a law enforcement and free, independent and responsible job in enforcing the law guaranteed by law for the implementation of effort to upload the rule of law. According to Law No, 16 Year 2003 concerning Advocates, insisted that, Advocate is a person who is providing legal services both inside and outside the court that meets the requirements in accordance with applicable regulations. The legal sevices provided by advocates include providing legal consultations, legal assistance, exercising power of attorney, representing, accompanying, defending, and carrying out otjer legal actions in the in the interests of clients. Everyone with the title of advocate must always try to improve the quality of service to the community because advocates are the link between society and the state.Advocate as law enforcement officer also play a role as mediators who assist the mediation process in court.The research method that the authors use is a normative juridical approach.The authority of an advocate practicing in a religious court is the same as an advocate practicing in a general court.The existence of an advocate has an important meaning in providing a solution to the problems faced by someone, especially thos who practice in religious courts.
Keywords : Advocate Role, Mediators,Maslahah Mursalah