bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental study on lung deposition of inhaled 2 µm particles in relation to lung characteristics and deposition models
Authors: Rissler Jenny , Sjögren Madeleine Peterson , Linell Julia , Hurtig Amalia , Wollmer Per , Löndahl Jakob 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background. The understanding of inhaled particle respiratory tract deposition is a key link to understand the health effects of particles and the efficiency for medical drug delivery via the lung. However, there are few experimental data on particle respiratory tract deposition, and the existing data deviates considerably when comparing results for particles >1 µm.
Methods. We designed an experimental set-up to measure deposition in the respiratory tract for particles >1 µm, more specifically 2 µm, with careful consideration to minimise forseen errors. We measured the deposition in seventeen healthy adults (21–68 years). The measurements were performed at tidal breathing, during three consecutive 5-minute periods while logging breathing patterns. Pulmonary function tests were performed, including the new airspace dimension assessment (AiDA) method measuring distal lung airspace radius (rAiDA). The lung characteristics and breathing variables were used in statistical models to investigate to what extent they can explain individual variations in measured deposited particle fraction. The measured particle deposition was compared to values predicted with whole lung models. Model calculations were made for each subject using measured variables as input (e.g., breathing pattern and functional residual capacity).
Results. The measured fractional deposition for 2 µm particles was 0.60 0.14, which is significantly higher than predicted by any of the models tested, ranging from 0.37 0.08 to 0.53 0.09. The multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model most closely predicted the measured deposition when using the new PNNL lung model. The main individual variability in measured particle deposition was best explained by breathing pattern and distal airspace radius (rAiDA) at half inflation from AiDA. All models underestimated inter-subject variability even though the individual breathing pattern and functional residual capacity for each participant was used in the model.
Conclusions. Whole lung models need to be tuned and improved to predict the respiratory tract particle deposition of micron-sized particles, and to capture individual variations – a variation that is known to be higher for diseased lungs. Further, the results support the hypothesis that the AiDA method measures dimensions in the peripheral lung and that rAiDA, as measured by the AiDA, can be used to better understand the individual variation in the dose to healthy and diseased lungs.
Secular Trend of Non-Communicable Chronic Disease Prevalence throughout the life span who endured Chinese Great Famine (1959–1961)
Authors: He Xiaoxue , Shi Xiaojuan , Pan Degong , Wang Huihui , Zhang Xue , Pu Lining , Luo Mingxiu , Li Jiangping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Famine is a risk factor for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs), which account for over 80% of deaths in China. The effect of famine on the prevalence of NCDs in terms of various age groups, time periods and cohorts is currently poorly understood.
Objective: This study aims to explore long-term trends in the impact of China’s Great Famine (1959–1961) on NCDs in China.
Methods: This study used data from the 2010–2020 China Family Panel Longitudinal Survey across 25 provinces in China. The subjects were aged 18–85 years, and the total number of subjects was 174,894. The prevalence of NCDs was derived from the China Family Panel Studies database (CFPS). An age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to estimate the age, period and cohort effects of NCDs in 2010–2020 and the effect of famine on the risk of NCDs in terms of cohort effects.
Results: The prevalence of NCDs increased with age. Additionally, the prevalence did not clearly decrease over the survey period. Regarding the cohort effect, people born in the years adjacent to the famine period had a higher risk of NCDs; additionally, females, those born in rural areas, and those who lived in provinces with severe famine had a higher likelihood of NCDs.
Conclusions: Experiencing famine at an early age or the experience of famine in a close relative’s generation (births after the onset of famine) are associated with an increased risk of NCDs. Additionally, more severe famine is associated with a higher risk of NCDs.
Tarlov cyst with self-healing cauda equina syndrome following combined spinal-epidural anesthesia: a case report
Authors: Chen Zhexuan , Lin Chuxi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES) after Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia(CSEA) is a rare disease that most of the time need surgery to relieve spinal cord compression.
Case Presentation
A 34-year-old male patient underwent a procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) under CSEA. Anesthesia and surgery were uneventful. However, the patient gradually experienced urinary retention, lower abdomen and back pain, changes in bowel habits and neurological dysfunction of the lower limbs when the catheter was removed. It was later determined that the patient had Tarlov cyst at the left S1 level in the sacral canal. Finally, the patient completely recovered 20 days after drug conservative therapy onset.
Conclusion
This case suggests that CES might occur even after ordinary CSEA. The risk factors are drug neurotoxicity to ropivacaine and Tarlov cyst, which helped to accumulate ropivacaine. The development of ultrasound-guided CSEA and an ultrasound atlas of the spinal canal are required.
“I just wanted more”: Hereditary cancer syndromes patients’ perspectives on the utility of circulating tumour DNA testing for cancer screening
Authors: Bombard Yvonne , Adi-Wauran Ella , Clausen Marc , Shickh Salma , Gagliardi Anna , Denburg Avram , Oldfield Leslie , Sam Jordan , Reble Emma , Krishnapillai Suvetha , Regier Dean , Baxter Nancy , Dawson Lesa , Penney Lynette , Foulkes William , Basik Mark , Sun Sophie , Schrader Kasmintan , Karsan Aly , Pollett Aaron , Pugh Trevor , Kim Raymond 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) predispose individuals to a higher risk of developing multiple cancers. However, current screening strategies have limited ability to screen for all cancer risks. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) detects DNA fragments shed by tumour cells in the bloodstream and can potentially detect cancers early. This study aimed to explore patients’ perspectives on ctDNA’s utility to help inform its clinical adoption and implementation. We conducted a qualitative interpretive description study using semi-structured phone interviews. Participants were purposively sampled adult HCS patients recruited from a Canadian HCS research consortium. Thirty HCS patients were interviewed (n=19 women, age range 20s-70s, n=25 were white). Participants were highly concerned about developing cancers, particularly those without reliable screening options for early detection. They “just wanted more” than their current screening strategies. Participants were enthusiastic about ctDNA’s potential to be comprehensive (detect multiple cancers), predictive (detect cancers early) and tailored (lead to the personalized clinical management). Participants also acknowledged ctDNA’s potential limitations, including false positives/negatives risks and experiencing additional anxiety. However, they saw ctDNA’s potential benefits outweighing its limitations. In conclusion, participants’ belief in ctDNA’s potential to improve their care overshadowed its limitations, indicating patients’ support for using ctDNA in HCS care.
High frequency of fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia and oligosyndactyly syndrome in Peru
Authors: Gutierrez-Baca Wendy , Dongo-Cornejo D'karlo , Barriga Hugo Abarca 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, oligosyndactyly (FATCO) syndrome is characterized by the variable leg anomalies. The genetic etiology of this disease has not been determined to date; however, it has been suggested that the genetic inheritance is autosomal dominant. The frequency of presentation globally is infrequent and this is the main reason for the low number of patient reports. We report the unusually high presentation of 14 Peruvian patients diagnosed at a single center with the clinical features of FATCO syndrome over a 13-year period. We compare and discuss the clinical and radiological data of our patients with those of the 14 cases described worldwide. In addition, the demographic characteristics, family history, sex, age, and concomitant anomalies are analyzed.
Prevalence of functional dependence and chronic diseases in the noninstitutionalized Brazilian elderly: an analysis by dependence severity and multimorbidity pattern
Authors: Reis Wanderley Matos , Ferreira Luciano Nery , Molina-Bastos Cynthia Goulart , Bispo-Junior José Patrício , Reis Helca Franciolli Teixeira , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

BackgroundDespite the advancements in knowledge about health care for the elderly, important gaps persist regarding the effects of chronic diseases as epidemiological markers of the state of functional dependence. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of the severity of functional dependence in the Brazilian elderly and its association with chronic diseases and to verify the patterns of multimorbidity by dependence status.MethodsThis cross-sectional analytical study used data from the 2013 National Health Survey conducted in Brazil. The dependent variables were moderate and severe functional dependence in basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs). The independent variables were defined based on the questions applied to measure each morbidity in a self-reported manner and asked as “Has a doctor ever diagnosed you as having (each disease)? Multimorbidity was considered present for the elderly with ≥ 2 chronic morbidities simultaneously. The association between functional dependence on BADLs and IADLs separately by severity and the independent variables was verified from crude and adjusted estimates of the point prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals using the regression model Poisson with robust variance. To group diseases into patterns, exploratory factor analysis was used.ResultsBADLs with moderate dependence were prevalent in 25% of the elderly aged > 80 years. Among the severely dependent, these corresponded to > 40%. For IADLs, the percentage remained high, especially for elderly individuals at an early age, approximately 60% for moderate dependence and 70% for severe dependence. When changing the condition from moderate to severe dependence in BADLs, in the presence of other mental illnesses and stroke, the probability of dependence increased more than four times in the case of other mental illnesses and more than five times for stroke. There was a linear trend for dependence severity, both moderate and severe, whereas for severe dependence on IADLs, this same factor maintained a linear trend toward an increase in probability as the number of diseases simultaneously increased.ConclusionsChronic diseases are associated with functional dependence, with greater emphasis on mental illnesses and stroke, in severe disability, considering their acute negative effects.
Intelligent recognition of English characters based on point cloud data model and artificial intelligence recognition
Authors: Li Xi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Currently, there are many character string segmentation algorithms, and these algorithms all have the common advantages of good versatility. However, they require a lot of calculations, path searches, etc., which lead to complex algorithm structures and high time and space complexity. This paper proposes an intelligent recognition model of English characters based on point cloud data model and artificial intelligence recognition. Moreover, this paper designs a data point reduction algorithm to eliminate and filter data points in the curve and surface fitting process, and uses comparative experiments to verify that the algorithm can reduce the number of data points used for fitting curves and surfaces while ensuring fitting accuracy, and improve fitting efficiency. In addition, this paper uses the processed point cloud data and the extracted and parsed two-dimensional engineering drawing data to improve the expression of the B-spline curve with the theoretical support of the B-spline curve and the B-spline surface. Finally, this paper designs a control experiment to analyze the performance of the model. The research results show that the model constructed in this paper has certain reliability.
Biological nitrogen fixation by legume cover plants in oil palm plantations: calibration of the ureide technique and effects of plantation age and soil nitrate
Authors: McNeill Ann , Pipai Rachel , Unkovich Murray , Banabas Murom , Nelson Paul N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
1. Background and Aims
To sustainably manage N in oil palm systems quantities of N fixed by cover legumes need to be understood. Current values are scarce, based on shoot N measures and do not include litter which releases nitrate as it decomposes. We aimed to quantify N2 fixed by legumes under oil palm systems in PNG and to determine if soil nitrate influenced dependence on N2 fixation (Ndfa).
2. Methods
The ureide technique for estimating tropical legume Ndfa was calibrated for Calapogonium mucunoides, Pueraria phaseoloides and Mucuna pruriens using 15N isotope dilution, and then used to assess Ndfa for legume cover under oil palms (2-25 years old) in Papua New Guinea. Amounts of fixed N in above-ground legume biomass (shoot plus litter) were calculated incorporating % groundcover. Soil nitrate under the legume litter was also measured.
3. Results
Legume Ndfa was highly negatively correlated with soil nitrate concentration but independent of palm age. Legume groundcover, shoot and litter dry matter, and quantity of fixed N were greater under oil palms less than 5 years old, decreasing under older plantations where solely C. caeruleum was present. DM and N content of litter were similar to shoots for legumes in plantations less than 6 years old.
4. Conclusion
The calibrated ureide technique can be used, together with estimates of annual legume N accumulation, to quantify N input from legume groundcover during the life cycle of oil palm plantations and other tropical ecosystems, in order to support more sustainable management of N.
Comprehensive Analysis of Single and Double Gate Organic Phototransistor
Authors: Bashir Ishrat , Amin S. Intekhab , Majeed Lubna , Rasool Zuber , Anand Sunny 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this work, we have done the comparative analysis of Single Gate and Dual Gate pentacene-based organic phototransistors (OPT). The opto-electrical simulations were done using 2-D Silvaco TCAD ATLAS device simulator. The SG-OPT and DG-OPT were simulated to provide deeper insight into behaviour of the two from both device physics perspective and quantitative standpoints. We have conducted an evaluation of both OPTs on account of the various important performance parameters at different electrical and optical bias over a wide spectral range. Our results shows how these different configurational OPT designs can influence the essential performance parameters while observing the variations in drain current, Current density, Energy band Diagrams and the various essential performance parameters such as Responsivity, photosensitivity, spectral response, quantum efficiency etc.
Impacts of oral health condition on the quality of life of hospitalized cardiac patients Oral health and quality of life of hospitalized cardiac patients
Authors: Corrêa Natália Castro , Ferreira Meire Coelho , Cutrim Rodrigo Costa , Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo Jesus , Lira Lyrian Lorena Freire , Leal Plínio da Cunha , Silva Robinson Sabino , Araújo Adriana Sanches Garcia , Dibai Daniela Bassi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

BackgroundCardiac patients are unaware that oral problems can negatively affect their quality of life.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with individuals of both sexes hospitalized in a ward and a cardiac intensive care unit, where sociodemographic and clinical data were collected. An oral bedside inspection was carried out, and the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire with 14 questions (OHIP-14) was applied to assess the impact of oral health on quality of life, which addresses 07 dimensions: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical limitation, psychological limitation, social limitation, and incapacity. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare OHIP-14 and oral condition. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression evaluated the factors suggestive of an impact on health-related quality of life. Data processing was performed in SPSS.ResultsEighty patients were examined, and 68.8% were men, 73.75% had tooth loss, and 21.25% used partial dentures. Edentulous individuals (p = 0.004), partially edentulous (p = 0.002), with the use of dental prostheses (p = 0.008), had worse quality of life concerning oral health, and the factors most suggestive of explanation for this negative impact were coronary fractures (RP adjust. 0.026) and use of prostheses (RP adjust. 0.009).ConclusionEdentulism, tooth loss, and coronary fractures were the clinical indicators of oral health that most impacted the quality of life of individuals with heart disease.
Mandibular reconstruction after excision of recurrent odontogenic keratocyst using a novel mandibular distraction osteogenesis method– a case report
Authors: Lin Haiyun , Zhong Xiaoxia , Nuo Zhou , Huang XuanPing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Odontogenic keratocyst is one of the most common benign odontogenic neoplasms with a high recurrence rate. Its resection has the potential to lead to mandibular segmental defects. In this case report, we describe a patient with odontogenic keratocyst who underwent radical resection using a novel distraction osteogenesis (DO) method to reconstruct mandibular segmental defect.Case presentation: This case report describes a 19-year-old woman with odontogenic keratocyst of the mandible that recurred after multiple curettages and eventually necessitated radical resection. Mandibular segmental defect after radical resection was reconstructed using a novel DO method that involved directly contacting the segment ends of the defect without the transport disk. However, the distractor broke during the retention period, and a molding titanium plate was used for fixation. This novel distraction method achieved mandibular reconstruction and restored mandibular function and contour.
Characteristics of blood morphological and biochemical indicators in men performing various physical activity in cold - preliminary report
Authors: Teległów Aneta , Mirek Wacław , Ptaszek Bartłomiej , Maciejczyk Marcin , Godawska Dorota , Marchewka Jakub 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The study determined whether winter swimming (WS) and running (RUN) affected blood morphological and biochemical indicators in men in the winter swimming mid-season.Methods There were 3 groups of participants, 10 amateur males each: running + winter swimming (RUN + WS), WS, and control. The blood morphological and biochemical indicators were measured in all groups after adaptation to cold in winter.Results In the RUN + WS group compared with WS, a significant decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration by 102.12% (within standard limits) and in platelet distribution width by 303.14% was observed, with a significant increase in red blood cell distribution width by 84.54% (within standard limits). Renal function expressed by estimated glomerular filtration rate was higher in the RUN + WS group by 91.11% (within standard limits) compared with WS and uric acid concentration was reduced by 124.9%. In the RUN + WS group compared with control, a significant decrease in leukocyte count by 150.12% (within standard limits), in monocyte count by 121.95% (within standard limits), and in platelet distribution width by 288.22% was reported. The remaining indicators presented p > 0.05.Conclusions The investigated forms of physical activity had no negative effect on blood morphological or biochemical indicators in male amateurs in the winter swimming mid-season.
Belongingness in undergraduate medical student placements: an international comparison study
Authors: Daniels Rob , Pattyn Thomas , Schoenmakers Birgitte , Buramba Eric , Denis Kato 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Belongingness has been proposed as a potential proxy for legitimate peripheral participation in medical education. Previous studies have shown good internal and external validity for tools designed to measure this variable, with potential use measuring the effectiveness of clinical teaching environments. This study examined changes in belongingness in medical students between 2019 and 2021 during covid related restrictions, and compared levels of belongingness in medical students in Belgium and the United Kingdom.
Methods
This study used a validated assessment tool that was self-administered via an online survey platform. Anonymised data was collected from undergraduate medical students from all years of training and results compared with previous data collected in 2019.
Results
The belongingness assessment tool described here good internal and external validity in undergraduate medical students in United Kingdom and Belgium, identified statistically significant changes in Belongingness (as measured with this tool) in undergraduate medical students during Covid restrictions and identified statistically significant differences between medical students in Belgium and the United Kingdom.
Conclusions
These results suggest that belongingness in in undergraduate medical students fluctuates and varies both between different demographic groups and under different conditions. The ability to measure this key facet of educational development has potential to monitor teaching environments to ensure optimal learning conditions for all students.
Morphological description of the glochidia of Buldowskia suifunica (Bivalvia: Unionidae): External and internal structures and organ systems
Authors: Sayenko Elena M. , Nikischenko Viktoria E. , Dyachuk Vyacheclav A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Freshwater mussels of the genus Buldowskia (Bivalvia, Unionidae) are distributed from the Amur River basin in Russia and China southward to the Korean Peninsula and some Japanese islands. This work is an integrative morphological study of Buldowskia suifunica glochidia from locations in the Primorsky Territory, the Russian Far East. Here, we first detected that glochidia taken from the same gill have asynchronous development. We characterized the external and internal morphology of the shell. Here, we described the morphology of sensory system that consists of hair cells as well as nonhair cells with in three stages of larval development (immature, intermediate and mature glochidia). We detected muscle system is composed of massive adductor and minor muscle bundles. The FMRFamidergic nervous system turned out to be a complex system includes basalcells (neurons), their neurites and anterior neurons. FMRFamide and tubulin was found in all neurons. For the 5-HT nervous system, we detected only four 5-HT-lir neurons in glochidia. We concluded that B. suifunica glochidial nervous system differ drastically from those of the larval comparable systems of marine and freshwater mollusks. However, the general outline of the structure of the sensory, muscular and nervous systems is still preserved within the taxon bivalves.