bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polar firn properties in Greenland and Antarctica and related effects on microwave brightness temperatures
Authors: Xu Haokui , Medley Brooke , Tsang Leung , Johnson Joel T. , Jezek Kenneth C. , Brogioni Marco , Kaleschke Lars 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. In studying the mass balance of polar ice sheets, fluctuations in firn density near the surface is a major uncertainty. In this paper, we explore these variations at locations on the Greenland Ice Sheet and at the Dome C location in Antarctica. Borehole in situ measurements, snow radar echoes, microwave brightness temperatures, and modeling results from the Community Firn Model (CFM) are used. It is shown that firn density profiles can be represented using three processes: “long-scale” and “short-scale” density variations and “refrozen layers”. Consistency with this description is observed in the dynamic range of airborne 0.5–2 GHz brightness temperatures and snow radar echo peaks in measurements performed in Greenland in 2017. Based on these insights, a new analytical partially coherent model is implemented to explain the microwave brightness temperatures using the three-scale description of the firn. Short- and long-scale firn processes are modeled as a 3D continuous random medium with finite vertical and horizontal correlation lengths as opposed to past 1D randomly layered medium descriptions. Refrozen layers are described as deterministic sheets with planar interfaces, with the number of refrozen-layer interfaces determined by radar observations. Firn density and correlation length parameters used in forward modeling to match measured 0.5–2 GHz brightness temperatures in Greenland show consistency with similar parameters in CFM predictions. Model predictions also are in good agreement with multi-angle 1.4 GHz vertically and horizontally polarized brightness temperature measured by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite at Dome C, Antarctica. This work shows that co-located active and passive microwave measurements can be used to infer polar firn properties that can be compared with predictions of the CFM. In particular, 0.5–2 GHz brightness temperature measurements are shown to be sensitive to long-scale firn density fluctuations with density standard deviations in the range of 0.01–0.06 g cm−3 and vertical correlation lengths of 6–20 cm.
PREVELENSI COVID 19 PADA PASIEN HEMODIALISIS
Authors: Herlina Santi , Khotimah Mastika Chusnul 
Published: July 2023

Dampak Covid 19 yang terjadi pada akhir tahun 2019 dan masuk ke Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020 menjadi ancaman global yang merubah segala aspek kehidupan manusia diseluruh dunia. Bagi pasien yang memiliki cormobid akan memperberat gejala fisiknya jika terkena penyakit covid 19. Salah satu pasien yang memiliki resiko terinfeksi penyakit ini adalah pasien gagal ginjal yang menjalani hemodialisis. Pasien tersebut rutin melakukan hemodialisis per minggunya di rumah sakit dan rata-rata pasien tersebut memiliki penyakit komorbid. Prevelensi atau angka kejadian pasien hemodialisis yang terinfeksi Covid-19 belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi pasien hemodialisa yang terinfeksi Covid-19 diwilayah Jakarta Utara yang diwakili oleh RS Islam Jakarta Sukapura dan RSUD Koja. Desian Penelitian adalah deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian survei analitik dan pendekatan retrospektif. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan dari 90 responden pasien hemodialisis rata-rata berusia 50,5 tahun, yang memiliki penyakit komorbid diabetes melitus sebanyak 35 responden , penyakit jantung (hipertensi) 65 responden, penyakit hepatitis 5 responden, dan penyakit lainnya sebanyak 3 responden. Rata – rata gejala yang muncul pada responden adalah sesak napas (15,5%), lemas (12,6%), batuk (11,7%), mual (11,2%), dan demam (8,0%). Prevelensi kasus yang cukup tinggi ini membutuhkan strategi untuk tindakan preventif dalam penyebaran kasus covid ini pada pasien hemodialisis yang merupakan popusai rentan terinfeksi.
Modelización del sector energético boliviano para alcanzar la neutralidad de carbono en 2050, en el marco de la Transición Energética en Bolivia
Authors: Fernández Fuentes Miguel 
Published: July 2023

El informe especial del IPCC de 2018 sobre el calentamiento global indica que, para 2050, todas las emisiones de CO2 en el planeta deben ser neutralizadas, a efecto de no incrementar la temperatura global en 1.5° C. En este contexto, Bolivia está haciendo varios esfuerzos en el sector eléctrico, como aumentar la participación de la energía renovable y sacar de servicio a centrales eléctricas ineficientes. Sin embargo, estos esfuerzos siguen siendo limitados en comparación con la demanda nacional total de energía. Actualmente, más del 80% del consumo interno de energía en Bolivia es de origen fósil.
En estas condiciones y ante la emergencia climática global, ¿cómo debe responder Bolivia al desafío de descarbonizar su sector energético?
Para responder mejor a esta pregunta, se desarrolló un modelo de optimización a largo plazo del sector energético boliviano con OSeMOSYS, considerando las demandas energéticas nacionales, desagregadas por combustible y tipo de consumidor. El modelo tiene un enfoque ascendente centrado en variables tecnoeconómicas y tiene como objetivo determinar la solución más rentable para cubrir las demandas de energía proyectadas hasta 2050.
Los resultados muestran que, en un escenario Business as Usual (BAU), para 2040, las emisiones de CO2equivalente el sector energético prácticamente se duplicarán en comparación con 2020 y el 96% de las fuentes de energía serán combustibles fósiles. Para analizar las posibles desviaciones de esta tendencia, se modelan cuatro escenarios basados en políticas: 1) electrificación de las demandas de energía (EED); 2) introducción de impuestos al carbono (CTI); 3) reducción gradual de los subsidios a los combustibles fósiles (NSR); 4) implementación de medidas de eficiencia energética (EEM).
Si bien cada uno de estos escenarios tiene efectos limitados sobre el sistema energético, se logra un efecto sinérgico cuando se analiza una implementación simultánea de sus medidas (MP). En este escenario, la participación de la electricidad en el consumo de energía en Bolivia alcanza el 87% en 2050, de los cuales más del 96% es producido por fuentes renovables, y las emisiones se reducen en un 74% en 2050 en comparación con el escenario BAU. Sin embargo, si bien este escenario constituye un proceso de transición en el sector energético, aún no estaría libre de emisiones para 2050.
Lograr la neutralidad de carbono en el sector energético para 2050 (CN) requeriría una gran inversión solo para cubrir los costos de capital de las nuevas centrales eléctricas, cerca de una inversión anual entre 2020 y 2050 del 10% del PIB nacional actual de Bolivia. Dado que este valor representaría 22 veces las inversiones requeridas en un escenario BAU, es necesario explorar medidas complementarias con otros sectores o tecnologías para encontrar soluciones factibles y rentables.
Prevalence and intensity of caries in children
Authors: Ahmadzoda M. A. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To evaluate the dental health of children in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence.Materials and Methods. The prevalence and intensity of caries were assessed in 90 children from different age groups: 20 children from the early childhood group (6 years old), 45 children from the middle childhood group (12 years old), and 25 teenagers (15 years old).Results. In the middle childhood group, the “Decayed” component of the DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth) starts to appear, showing a clear increase with age. For instance, in teenagers, it is 4.04 ± 2.08, which is more than twice as high as in middle childhood children. A similar trend is observed with the “Filled” component of the index - while it was only 0.1 ± 0.02 in 6-year-old children, this indicator shows a clear increase with age, amounting to 2.15 ± 0.15 in teenagers. Consequently, in teenagers, the “Filled” component prevails at 2.15 ± 0.15, while the “Decayed” component is 1.57 ± 0.13, which is 1.3 times lower.Conclusion. An age-related prevalence and intensity of caries have been established, with the “Decayed” component of the DMFT index characteristically being identified in middle-aged children, with a tendency to increase. Both mothers and children lack sufficient dental education to prevent dental caries and other dental diseases. The survey showed that about two-thirds (84.6%) of the respondents prefer soft foods. A comprehensive revision of the existing methodology for organizing and conducting educational work among children on caries prevention is required.
Surgical treatment of combined echinococcosis of the liver and lungs
Authors: Akhmadzoda M. , Khomidov A. T. , Rashidov F. S. , Boboev H. O. , Safarov B. D. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To evaluate comparatively the outcomes of diagnostic procedures and surgical treatment for combined echinococcosis of the liver and lungs, utilizing state-of-the-art diagnostic methods and innovative echinococcectomy technologies.Materials and Methods. A comparative assessment was undertaken on the surgical treatment outcomes for 188 patients (100 in the control group; 88 in the main group) afflicted with combined liver and lung echinococcosis (CLLE). The main group of patients were subjected to contemporary diagnostic techniques and cryotechnology during the echinococcectomy process. A total of 188 patients with CLLE were hospitalized and underwent 234 surgical procedures. The surgical treatment for combined echinococcosis of the liver and lungs was conducted, adhering strictly to the principles of aparasitism and antiparasitism.Results. Specific postoperative complications, such as localized hydrothorax and pneumothorax, bronchial fistula, biloma, perihepatic fluid accumulations, and wound suppurations, were identified in 24% of the surgically treated patients in the control group, leading to repeat surgical interventions in 6% of these cases. In the main group, postoperative complications were observed in 9.7% of patients, with only a single case (1.38%) necessitating relaparotomy. No fatalities were reported in either of the study groups.Conclusion. The application of ultra-low temperature liquid nitrogen in surgery for combined echinococcosis of the liver and lungs, as an integral part of aparasitic and antiparasitic measures, proves to be a highly effective therapeutic technology. The uncomplicated progression of liver and lung echinococcosis facilitates a one-stage surgical operation.
Surgical treatment of unstable uncomplicated vertebral fractures
Authors: Pirov U. M. , Razzokov A. A. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To enhance the outcomes of surgical treatment of unstable uncomplicated vertebral fractures.Materials and Methods. This research involves an analysis of surgical treatment data from 237 patients aged 18 to 74 years, all with unstable uncomplicated vertebral fractures. These patients underwent surgery using the technique of posterior transpedicular fusion. The primary group, constituting 51.9% of cases, utilized enhanced approaches, while the control group (48.1% of cases) employed standard methods. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using a newly developed scale, while the Oswestry scale was used to gauge the quality of life.Results and Discussion. The primary components of the refined surgical treatment tactics used in the main group were low-traumatic manipulations, which aimed to minimize tissue trauma and avert intraoperative complications. Utilizing the proposed objective scoring method, a statistically significant improvement in long-term outcomes was established in the primary group compared to the control group, with scores of 95.5±0.4 points and 88.7±0.7 points respectively (P<0.05). According to the Oswestry scale, the sum of points in the main group was 2.5±0.05, compared to 5.1±0.06 in the control group. The Oswestry index in the analyzed groups was 7.1±1.6 and 22.4±1.2 respectively.Conclusion. The findings demonstrate a statistically significant increase in the proportion of favorable outcomes, and the absence of unsatisfactory results, in the primary group as compared to the control group. Furthermore, an improvement in the quality of life for patients in the primary group was observed.
Results of treatment of children with complications after burns of the esophagus from button batteries
Authors: Razumovskij A. Ju. , Teplov V. O. , Stepanenko N. S. , Kulikova N. V. , Adler A. V. 
Published: July 2023

Aim. To enhance the treatment outcomes in children with complications following an esophageal burn caused by a disk battery.Materials and Methods. We analyzed the treatment outcomes of 102 patients suffering from esophageal burns from a disk battery, who were treated at the N.F. Filatov Children’s City Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Ministry from 2009 to 2021. Children who developed complications (n=57) were divided according to the treatment strategy employed: conservative tactics (n=36, 63.2%) and radical surgery (n=21, 36.8%).Results and Discussion. The types of surgical interventions carried out for tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) (n=31) included laparoscopic fundoplication and gastrostomy (38.7%), separation of TEF (41.9%), and tracheal plastic surgery with an esophageal flap and extirpation of the esophagus (19.4%). Assessment of the outcomes of TEF post laparoscopic fundoplication and gastrostomy demonstrated spontaneous closure in 63.6% of the cases. The average time until closure was 5 months. Among children with esophageal stenosis (n=24), esophageal bougienage was performed in 95.8% of the cases. All children identified with esophageal perforation (n=4) were successfully treated conservatively. Tactics for managing laryngeal paresis or paralysis included conservative therapy and observation in 33.3% of cases, tracheostomy in 29.2%, and lateralization procedures in 37.5%.Conclusion. Conservative tactics demonstrated superior results in all complications, minimizing the number of postoperative complications (16.7%) and ensuring favorable long-term outcomes.
Investigation of the stability of the control system of a self-balanced two-wheeled robot
Authors: Suleimenova S. T. , Musiripsha Zh. O. , Kabulov N. P. , Ospanov E. A. 
Published: July 2023

The main characteristics of the control system are the stability and quality of regulation. A stable system always returns to the equilibrium position after the external perturbation ceases to act. An unstable system goes into overdrive after the slightest push.A self-balancing robot has many different sensors. To maintain balance, a rotational motion sensor and an angular velocity sensor will be used. The speed of the motors can be controlled by changing the duty cycle of the pulse-width modulation. The robot model takes a voltage value as input and outputs the state of the system. At the output of the function, the value from the encoders and the gyroscope is given. The robot will stand only if a controller is developed that makes the whole system stable. The controller must ensure the stability of the robot. Since the position of the robot is unstable, in order to maintain balance, the movement of the robot must be in the same direction as the angle of the body. In modern control theory, there are many methods for stabilizing an unstable system.This paper presents a universal approach to constructing the Lyapunov vector function, based on the geometric interpretation of the theorem on the asymptotic stability of the direct Lyapunov method and the concepts of stability. This approach allows us to represent the Lyapunov function as a potential function, and the control system as gradient systems from catastrophe theory.
Encapsulation of biologically active additives and probiotics by spraying
Authors: Kakimov A. K. , Mayorov A. A. , Zhumadilova G. A. , Muratbayev A. M. , Tashybayeva M. M. 
Published: July 2023

This article discusses the encapsulation of biologically active additives (BAA) and probiotics by spraying method. Today, a large number of BAA are registered in the country, the issue of rational classification of BAA is relevant. In the production of BAA, the use of plants, fungi and BAA that pose a danger to human life and health is not allowed. Currently, the importance of probiotics for enhancing and maintaining human immunity is emphasized.There are many technologies for encapsulating dietary supplements and probiotics: extrusion, spray drying, spray freezing, addition to the matrix, gel encapsulation, encapsulation in a fluidized bed. Based on the literature review, alginate polymer encapsulation technologies are considered.Sodium alginate was selected as the materials for the experiments. A solution of sodium alginate has been prepared. Capsules obtained from 0.5% sodium alginate are soft, with an inhomogeneous surface, not spherical in shape, which is due to the low viscosity of sodium alginate, the average size was 2,0×10-3м.In an experiment with a concentration of a solution of 1% sodium alginate, it was not possible to obtain capsules by spraying due to the high viscosity. The capsules were obtained by the drip method, had a rounded shape, dense structure, the average size was 3,2×10-3м.
Fermentación in vitro de un suplemento con niveles crecientes de vainas maduras de algarrobo (Samanea saman)
Authors: Morales Campos Brenda Karina , Sánchez Santillán Paulino , Torres Salado Nicolás , Alaniz Gutiérrez Luis , Saavedra Jiménez Luis Antonio , Aguilar Marcelino Liliana 
Published: July 2023

Las vainas de leguminosas arbóreas se caracterizan por su alto contenido de proteína, el aumento de proteína en un suplemento mediante leguminosas arbóreas es una alternativa para mejorar los parámetros productivos de rumiantes. El objetivo fue evaluar las variables de la fermentación in vitro un suplemento con 0, 10, 20 y 30% de inclusión de vainas maduras de algarrobo. El biodigestor (viales serológicos de 120 mL) contenía: 0.5 g de un tipo de suplemento, 40 mL de medio de cultivo y 10 mL de fluido ruminal fresco (inóculo). Los viales se incubaron a 39 °C por 72 h. El diseño experimental fue un completamente al azar. T20 presentó mayor producción de biogás a 12 y 24 h; mientras, a las 48 y 72 h fueron T0 y T20. T20 fue mayor para A, T0 y T10 menores para k y T0 menor para b (p<0.05). pH y DMS no mostraron diferencias entre tratamientos (p>0.05). LA DFDN mostró tendencia a disminuir conforme aumento la vaina de algarrobo. Se concluye, la inclusión de 20% de vaina madura de algarrobo en un suplemento, es posible utilizarse como una estrategia de alimentación en rumiantes.
Palabras clave: Leguminosa arbórea, fermentación, biogás, DMS, DFDN, algarrobo.
Desempeño productivo y reproductivo de corderos de pelo alimentados con frituras: resultados preliminares
Authors: González-Maldonado Juan , Zamora Raya Maricruz , Buenabad Carrasco Lorenzo , Vega Cázares Miguel , Martínez Quintana José Alfredo , Muños García Canuto , Cuicas Huerta Rosendo 
Published: July 2023

Los remanentes de la industria de alimentos, tales como la producción de frituras, pueden ser utilizados como insumos para la alimentación de animales. Sin embargo, el efecto de la incorporación de frituras en la dieta de ovinos sobre aspectos productivos ha recibido poca atención. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la incorporación de frituras a la dieta de corderos de pelo en su comportamiento productivo. Las unidades experimentales (n=20) fueron asignadas de manera aleatoria a uno de dos tratamientos: Frituras y Control. Los corderos del grupo Frituras fueron alimentados por 99 días con una dieta de engorda que incluía 15% de frituras, en sustitución de 9% de grano de trigo y 6% de pasta de soya. Adicionalmente, dentro de cada grupo experimental se formaron dos subgrupos: Sin mineral y Zinc. Los animales del grupo Zinc fueron suplementados con óxido de zinc. Las variables de respuesta fueron peso vivo inicial, peso vivo final, circunferencia escrotal, peso de la canal, peso testicular, peso del escroto y concentración espermática. La alimentación con frituras y la suplementación con zinc no afectaron (p≥0.05) ninguna de las variables evaluadas (24.62±2.18 vs 25.01±2.18 kg; 51.79±3.76 vs 52.71±3.76 kg; 24.23±1.58 vs 24.72±1.58 cm; 26.19±3.76 vs 25.86±3.76 kg; 333.00±34.52 vs 285.70±34.52 g; 113.37±12.744 vs 130.22±12.744 g; 573.33±63.59 vs 494.83±55.85 espermatozoides × 106 mL-1 para las variables peso vivo inicial, peso vivo final, circunferencia escrotal, peso de la canal, peso testicular, peso del escroto y concentración espermática en los grupos Frituras y control, respectivamente). En conclusión, La incorporación de 15% de frituras a la dieta de corderos de pelo, y la suplementación parenteral de zinc, no afectan el peso vivo, circunferencia escrotal, concentración espermática, peso da la canal, peso testicular, ni el peso del escroto.
Hemograma en bovinos Bos taurus x Bos indicus infestados de garrapatas
Authors: Velázquez-Morales José Vicente , Alejandro-Gallegos Alvaro , Ponce-Covarrubias José Luis , Conde-Hinojosa Miguel Paul , Perez Sato Marcos , Valencia Edgar 
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar los valores hematológicos en bovinos infestados de garrapatas, esto debido a que las garrapatas pueden inocular una amplia variedad de agentes patógenos, los cuales pueden trasmitir agentes patógenos usando distintas rutas; secreciones salivales, fluidos coxales, la regurgitación y con sus heces, existen reportes que indican una relación directa entre el índice de infestación por garrapatas, con la presencia de anaplamosis y la anemia en el ganado bovino. La investigación se realizó en Santiago Sochiapan, Veracruz, México, se usaron 30 bovinos de los cuales fueron 21 vacas multíparas y 9 crías, los animales son de raza bos taurus x bos indicus. Se tomaron tres muestras de sangre al inicio, intermedio y al final del trabajo por punción en la vena caudal, y se midieron los siguientes parámetros: recuentos celulares (eritrocitos y leucocitos) hematocritos y hemoglobina. Para el análisis estadístico se realizó la correlación de las variables a través del Coeficiente de variación de Spearman con el paquete estadístico SAS®, se concluye que los valores hematológicos en bovinos infestados de garrapatas presentaron correlación débil, 0.121 y 0.224 para las variables de hormona concentradora de melanina y volumen celular respectivamente.
Palabras clave: valores hematológicos, Amblyomma cajennense, hormona concentradora de melanina, volumen celular.
Het opgeblazen bestuur
Authors: van Ostaijen Mark 
Published: July 2023

De blinde vlek
The most relevant part of a discussion is not what is discussed but what cannot be spoken of. The real taboos are those for which it is taboo to call them taboos. The status quo defines itself as non-ideological while denouncing any challenge to itself as radical. Therefore the column ‘De blinde vlek’ frames the framers, politicizes the status quo and articulates what is not heard of.