bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooling vest improves surgeons’ thermal comfort without affecting cognitive performance: a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Byrne Jill E , Rodriguez-Patarroyo Fabio Andres , Mascha Edward J , Han Yanyan , Bravo Mauro , Bloomfield Michael R , Rao Stephen M , Sessler Daniel I 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesSurgeons become uncomfortable while performing surgery because heat transfer and evaporative cooling are restricted by insulating surgical gowns. Consequently, perceptions of thermal discomfort during surgery may impair cognitive performance. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate surgeons’ thermal comfort, cognitive performance, core and mean skin temperatures, perceptions of sweat-soaked clothing, fatigue and exertion with and without a CoolSource cooling vest (Cardinal Health, Dublin, Ohio, USA).MethodsThirty orthopaedic surgeons participated in a randomised cross-over trial, each performing four total-joint arthroplasties with randomisation to one of four treatment sequences. The effects of cooling versus no cooling were measured using a repeated-measures linear model accounting for within-subject correlations.ResultsThe cooling vest improved thermal comfort by a mean (95% CI) of −2.1 (–2.7 to –1.6) points on a 0–10 scale, p<0.001, with no evidence of treatment-by-period interaction (p=0.94). In contrast, cooling had no perceptible effect on cognition, with an estimated mean difference (95% CI) in Cleveland Clinic Cognitive Battery (C3B) Processing Speed Test score of 0.03 (95% CI –2.44 to 2.51), p=0.98, or in C3B Visual Memory Test score with difference of 0.88 (95% CI –2.25 to 4.01), p=0.57. Core temperature was not lower with the cooling vest, with mean difference (95% CI) of −0.13 (–0.33°C to 0.07°C), p=0.19, while mean skin temperature was lower, with mean difference of −0.23 (95% CI –0.40°C to –0.06°C) lower, p=0.011. The cooling vest significantly reduced surgeons’ perceptions of sweat-soaked clothing, fatigue and exertion.ConclusionsA cooling vest worn during surgery lowered core and skin temperatures, improved thermal comfort, and decreased perceptions of sweating and fatigue, but did not improve cognition. Thermal discomfort during major orthopaedic surgery is thus largely preventable, but cooling does not affect cognition.Trial registration numberNCT04511208.
Health, economic and social burden of tobacco in Latin America and the expected gains of fully implementing taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments control measures: a modelling study
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Bardach Ariel , Rodríguez Cairoli Federico , Casarini Agustín , Espinola Natalia , Perelli Lucas , Reynales-Shigematsu Luz Myriam , Llorente Blanca , Pinto Marcia , Saenz De Miera Juárez Belén , Villacres Tatiana , Peña Torres Esperanza , Amador Nydia , Loza César , Castillo-Riquelme Marianela , Roberti Javier , Augustovski Federico , Alcaraz Andrea , Palacios Alfredo 
Published: May 2023

Objective
To investigate the tobacco-attributable burden on disease, medical costs, productivity losses and informal caregiving; and to estimate the health and economic gains that can be achieved if the main tobacco control measures (raising taxes on tobacco, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments) are fully implemented in eight countries that encompass 80% of the Latin American population.

Design
Markov probabilistic microsimulation economic model of the natural history, costs and quality of life associated with the main tobacco-related diseases. Model inputs and data on labour productivity, informal caregivers’ burden and interventions’ effectiveness were obtained through literature review, surveys, civil registrations, vital statistics and hospital databases. Epidemiological and economic data from January to October 2020 were used to populate the model.

Findings
In these eight countries, smoking is responsible each year for 351 000 deaths, 2.25 million disease events, 12.2 million healthy years of life lost, US$22.8 billion in direct medical costs, US$16.2 billion in lost productivity and US$10.8 billion in caregiver costs. These economic losses represent 1.4% of countries’ aggregated gross domestic products. The full implementation and enforcement of the four strategies: taxes, plain packaging, advertising bans and smoke-free environments would avert 271 000, 78 000, 71 000 and 39 000 deaths, respectively, in the next 10 years, and result in US$63.8, US$12.3, US$11.4 and US$5.7 billions in economic gains, respectively, on top of the benefits being achieved today by the current level of implementation of these measures.

Conclusions
Smoking represents a substantial burden in Latin America. The full implementation of tobacco control measures could successfully avert deaths and disability, reduce healthcare spending and caregiver and productivity losses, likely resulting in large net economic benefits.
Quantum gravity constraints on fine structure constant from GUP in braneworlds
Authors: Lemos A. S. , Brito F. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) has been discussed in the thick braneworld scenario. By considering Rydberg atoms in this background, we show that the spacetime geometry affects Maxwell equations inducing an effective dielectric constant on the space. In its turn, the corrected Coulomb potential by the gravitational interaction yields a deviation on the 3-dimensional Bohr radius. Then, we compute the corrections on the fine structure constant owing to the GUP in higher-dimensional spacetime. We also found constraints for the deformation parameter $$\beta $$
β
and D-dimensional Planck length $$l_{D}$$

l
D

by comparing the predicted deviations with the recent empirical data of the fine structure constant. We compute the intermediate length scale, which in principle may be larger than the Planck length scale. It is conjectured that below such scale Quantum Gravity effects should take place.
Generative adversarial networks to infer velocity components in rotating turbulent flows
Authors: Li Tianyi , Buzzicotti Michele , Biferale Luca , Bonaccorso Fabio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inference problems for two-dimensional snapshots of rotating turbulent flows are studied. We perform a systematic quantitative benchmark of point-wise and statistical reconstruction capabilities of the linear Extended Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (EPOD) method, a nonlinear Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We attack the important task of inferring one velocity component out of the measurement of a second one, and two cases are studied: (I) both components lay in the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis and (II) one of the two is parallel to the rotation axis. We show that EPOD method works well only for the former case where both components are strongly correlated, while CNN and GAN always outperform EPOD both concerning point-wise and statistical reconstructions. For case (II), when the input and output data are weakly correlated, all methods fail to reconstruct faithfully the point-wise information. In this case, only GAN is able to reconstruct the field in a statistical sense. The analysis is performed using both standard validation tools based on $$L_2$$

L
2

spatial distance between the prediction and the ground truth and more sophisticated multi-scale analysis using wavelet decomposition. Statistical validation is based on standard Jensen–Shannon divergence between the probability density functions, spectral properties and multi-scale flatness.

Graphical abstract
Scaling of fronts and entanglement spreading during a domain wall melting
Authors: Scopa Stefano , Karevski Dragi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe revisit the out-of-equilibrium physics arising during the unitary evolution of a one-dimensional XXZ spin chain initially prepared in a domain wall state $$\vert \psi _0\rangle =\vert \dots \uparrow \uparrow \downarrow \downarrow \dots \rangle$$

|

ψ
0

⟩
=
|
⋯
↑
↑
↓
↓
⋯
⟩

. In absence of interactions, we review the exact lattice calculation of several conserved quantities, including e.g. the magnetization and the spin current profiles. At large distances x and times t, we show how these quantities allow for a ballistic scaling behavior in terms of the scaling variable $$\zeta = x/t$$

ζ
=
x
/
t

, with exactly computable scaling functions. In such a limit of large space-time scales, we show that the asymptotic behavior of the system is suitably captured by the local occupation function of spinless fermionic modes, whose semi-classical evolution in phase space is given by a Euler hydrodynamic equation. Similarly, analytical results for the asymptotic fronts dynamics are obtained for the interacting chain via Generalized Hydrodynamics. In the last part of the work, we include large-scale quantum fluctuations on top of the semi-classical hydrodynamic background in the form of a conformal field theory that lives along the evolving Fermi contour. With this procedure, dubbed quantum generalized hydrodynamics, it is possible to obtain exact asymptotic results for the entanglement spreading during the melting dynamics.
Block-Graceful Designs
Authors: Erdemir Dilara , Kolotoğlu Emre 
Published: May 2023

In this article, we adapt the edge-graceful graph labeling definition into block designs and define a block design

V
,
B

with

V

=
v

and

B

=
b

as block-graceful if there exists a bijection

f
:
B
⟶

1,2
,
…
,
b

such that the induced mapping

f

+

:
V
⟶

Z

v

given by

f

+

x

=

∑

x
∈
A

A
∈
B

f

A

mod

v

is a bijection. A quick observation shows that every

v
,
b
,
r
,
k
,
λ

−

BIBD that is generated from a cyclic difference family is block-graceful when

v
,
r

=
1

. As immediate consequences of this observation, we can obtain block-graceful Steiner triple system of order

v

for all

v
≡
1

mod

6

and block-graceful projective geometries, i.e.,

q

d
+
1

−
1

/

q
−
1

,

q

d

−
1

/

q
−
1

,

q

d
−
1

−
1

/

q
−
1

−

BIBDs. In the article, we give a necessary condition and prove some basic results on the existence of block-graceful

v
,
k
,
λ

−

BIBDs. We consider the case

v
≡
3

mod

6

for Steiner triple systems and give a recursive construction for obtaining block-graceful triple systems from those of smaller order which allows us to get infinite families of block-graceful Steiner triple systems of order

v

for

v
≡
3

mod

6

. We also consider affine geometries and prove that for every integer

d
≥
2

and

q
≥
3

, where

q

is an odd prime power or

q
=
4

, there exists a block-graceful

q

d

,
q
,
1

−

BIBD. We make a list of small parameters such that the existence problem of block-graceful labelings is completely solved for all pairwise nonisomorphic BIBDs with these parameters. We complete the article with some open problems and conjectures.
An African-Specific Variant ofTP53 Reveals PADI4 as a Regulator of p53-Mediated Tumor Suppression
Authors: Indeglia Alexandra , Leung Jessica C. , Miller Sven A. , Leu Julia I-Ju , Dougherty James F. , Clarke Nicole L. , Kirven Nicole A. , Shao Chunlei , Ke Lei , Lovell Scott , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Lin Cindy , Kannan Toshitha , Battaile Kevin P. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Batista Oliva Isabela , Claiborne Daniel T. , Vogel Peter , Liu Lijun , Liu Qin , Nefedova Yulia , Cassel Joel , Auslander Noam , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Karanicolas John , Murphy Maureen E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer, yet key target genes for p53-mediated tumor suppression remain unidentified. Here, we characterize a rare, African-specific germline variant of TP53 in the DNA-binding domain Tyr107His (Y107H). Nuclear magnetic resonance and crystal structures reveal that Y107H is structurally similar to wild-type p53. Consistent with this, we find that Y107H can suppress tumor colony formation and is impaired for the transactivation of only a small subset of p53 target genes; this includes the epigenetic modifier PADI4, which deiminates arginine to the nonnatural amino acid citrulline. Surprisingly, we show that Y107H mice develop spontaneous cancers and metastases and that Y107H shows impaired tumor suppression in two other models. We show that PADI4 is itself tumor suppressive and that it requires an intact immune system for tumor suppression. We identify a p53–PADI4 gene signature that is predictive of survival and the efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors.Significance:We analyze the African-centric Y107H hypomorphic variant and show that it confers increased cancer risk; we use Y107H in order to identify PADI4 as a key tumor-suppressive p53 target gene that contributes to an immune modulation signature and that is predictive of cancer survival and the success of immunotherapy.See related commentary by Bhatta and Cooks, p. 1518.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501
BIN1, Myotubularin, and Dynamin-2 Coordinate T-Tubule Growth in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Perdreau-Dahl Harmonie , Lipsett David B. , Frisk Michael , Kermani Fatemeh , Carlson Cathrine R. , Brech Andreas , Shen Xin , Bergan-Dahl Anna , Hou Yufeng , Tuomainen Tomi , Tavi Pasi , Jones Peter P. , Lunde Marianne , Wasserstrom J. Andrew , Laporte Jocelyn , Ullrich Nina D. , Christensen Geir , Morth J. Preben , Louch William E. 
Published: May 2023

Background:

Transverse tubules (t-tubules) form gradually in the developing heart, critically enabling maturation of cardiomyocyte Ca
2+
homeostasis. The membrane bending and scaffolding protein BIN1 (bridging integrator 1) has been implicated in this process. However, it is unclear which of the various reported BIN1 isoforms are involved, and whether BIN1 function is regulated by its putative binding partners MTM1 (myotubularin), a phosphoinositide 3′-phosphatase, and DNM2 (dynamin-2), a GTPase believed to mediate membrane fission.

Methods:

We investigated the roles of BIN1, MTM1, and DNM2 in t-tubule formation in developing mouse cardiomyocytes, and in gene-modified HL-1 and human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. T-tubules and proteins of interest were imaged by confocal and Airyscan microscopy, and expression patterns were examined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting. Ca
2+
release was recorded using Fluo-4.

Results:

We observed that in the postnatal mouse heart, BIN1 localizes along Z-lines from early developmental stages, consistent with roles in initial budding and scaffolding of t-tubules. T-tubule proliferation and organization were linked to a progressive and parallel increase in 4 detected BIN1 isoforms. All isoforms were observed to induce tubulation in cardiomyocytes but produced t-tubules with differing geometries. BIN1-induced tubulations contained the L-type Ca
2+
channel, were colocalized with caveolin-3 and the ryanodine receptor, and effectively triggered Ca
2+
release. BIN1 upregulation during development was paralleled by increasing expression of MTM1. Despite no direct binding between MTM1 and murine cardiac BIN1 isoforms, which lack exon 11, high MTM1 levels were necessary for BIN1-induced tubulation, indicating a central role of phosphoinositide homeostasis. In contrast, the developing heart exhibited declining levels of DNM2. Indeed, we observed that high levels of DNM2 are inhibitory for t-tubule formation, although this protein colocalizes with BIN1 along Z-lines, and binds all 4 isoforms.

Conclusions:
These findings indicate that BIN1, MTM1, and DNM2 have balanced and collaborative roles in controlling t-tubule growth in cardiomyocytes.
Functional connectome fingerprinting across the lifespan
Authors: St-Onge Frédéric , Javanray Mohammadali , Pichet Binette Alexa , Strikwerda-Brown Cherie , Remz Jordana , Spreng R. Nathan , Shafiei Golia , Misic Bratislav , Vachon-Presseau Étienne , Villeneuve Sylvia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Systematic changes have been observed in the functional architecture of the human brain with advancing age. However, functional connectivity (FC) is also a powerful feature to detect unique “connectome fingerprints,” allowing identification of individuals among their peers. Although fingerprinting has been robustly observed in samples of young adults, the reliability of this approach has not been demonstrated across the lifespan. We applied the fingerprinting framework to the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience cohort (n = 483 aged 18 to 89 years). We found that individuals are “fingerprintable” (i.e., identifiable) across independent functional MRI scans throughout the lifespan. We observed a U-shape distribution in the strength of “self-identifiability” (within-individual correlation across modalities), and “others-identifiability” (between-individual correlation across modalities), with a decrease from early adulthood into middle age, before improving in older age. FC edges contributing to self-identifiability were not restricted to specific brain networks and were different between individuals across the lifespan sample. Self-identifiability was additionally associated with regional brain volume. These findings indicate that individual participant-level identification is preserved across the lifespan despite the fact that its components are changing nonlinearly.
Blunt Traumatic Abdominal Wall Hernias: An Indicator for Emergent Laparotomy?
Authors: Santos Adora T. , Jagiella-Lodise Olivia , Kim Phillip , Freedberg Mari E. , Smith Randi N. , Nguyen Jonathan , Davis M. Andrew , Ayoung-Chee Patricia , Todd S. Rob , Benjamin Elizabeth R. , Sciarretta Jason D. 
Published: May 2023

Background Traumatic abdominal wall hernias (TAWH) are relatively uncommon; however, the shearing force that results in fascial disruption could indicate an increased risk of visceral injury. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the presence of a TAWH was associated with intra-abdominal injury requiring emergent laparotomy. Methods The trauma registry was queried over an 8-year period (7/2012-7/2020) for adult patients with blunt thoracoabdominal trauma diagnosed with a TAWH. Those patients who were identified with a TAWH and greater than 15 years of age were included in the study. Demographics, mechanism of injury, ISS, BMI, length of stay, TAWH size, type of TAWH repair, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Overall, 38,749 trauma patients were admitted over the study period, of which 64 (.17%) had a TAWH. Patients were commonly male (n = 42, 65.6%); the median age was 39 years (range 16-79 years) and a mean ISS of 21. Twenty-eight percent had a clinical seatbelt sign. Twenty-seven (42.2%) went emergently to the operating room, the majority for perforated viscus requiring bowel resection (n = 16, 25.0%), and 6 patients (9.4%) who were initially managed nonoperatively underwent delayed laparotomy. Average ventilator days was 14 days, with a mean ICU LOS of 14 days and mean hospital LOS of 18 days. About half of the hernias were repaired at the index operation, 6 of which were repaired primarily and 10 with mesh. Conclusion The presence of a TAWH alone was an indication for immediate laparotomy to evaluate for intra-abdominal injury. In the absence of other indications for exploration, nonoperative management may be safe.
Therapeutic Role of Subcutaneous Access Loop Created Adjunct to Hepaticojejunostomy for Management of Bile Duct Injury
Authors: Raafat Mohamad , Morsy Morsy M. , Mohamed Salah I. , Hamad Mostafa A. , Sayed Mostafa M. 
Published: May 2023

Background Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (RYHJ) is usually required for major bile duct injury (BDI) as a definitive treatment. Hepaticojejunostomy anastomotic stricture (HJAS) is the most feared long-term complication following RYHJ. The ideal management of HJAS remains undefined. The provision of permanent endoscopic access to the bilio-enteric anastomotic site can make endoscopic management of HJAS feasible and attractive option. In this cohort study, we aimed to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes of subcutaneous access loop created adjunct to RYHJ (RYHJ-SA) for management of BDI and its usefulness for endoscopic management of anastomotic stricture if occurred. Materials and Methods This is a prospective study including patients who were diagnosed with iatrogenic BDI and underwent hepaticojejunostomy with subcutaneous access loop between September 2017 and September 2019. Results This study included a total number of 21 patients whom ages ranged between 18 and 68 years. During follow-up, three cases had HJAS. One patient had the access loop in subcutaneous position. Endoscopy was done but failed to dilate the stricture. The other 2 patients had the access loop in subfascial position. Endoscopy of them failed to enter the access loop due to failure of fluoroscopy to identify the access loop. The three cases underwent redo-hepaticojejunostomy. Parajejunal (parastomal) hernia occurs in 2 patients in whom the access loop was fixed subcutaneous position. Conclusion In conclusion, modified RYHJ with subcutaneous access loop (RYHJ-SA) is associated with reduced quality of life and patient satisfaction. Moreover, its role in endoscopic management of HJAS after biliary reconstruction for major BDI is limited.
Pathologic Tumor Size versus Mammography, Sonography, and MRI in Breast Cancer Based on Pathologic Subtypes
Authors: Nonnemacher Cory J. , Dale Paul , Scott Anthony , Bonner Mary 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The standard of care for imaging of breast pathology has historically been mammography and sonography. MRI is a modern adjunct in the surgeon’s toolkit. We looked to examine the differences in imaging modalities and their ability to predict the size in relation to the pathologic size after excision with focus on pathologic subtypes. Methods We analyzed patient records across a 4-year period from 2017 to 2021 who were treated surgically for breast cancer at our facility. We used a retrospective chart review to collect measurements that were recorded of the tumors by the radiologist for available mammography, ultrasound, and MRI which were compared to pathology report measurements of the final specimens. We subdivided the results by pathologic subtypes including invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Results 658 total patients met criteria for analysis. Mammography overestimated specimens with DCIS by 1.93 mm ( P = .15), US underestimated by .56 (.55), and MRI overestimated by 5.77 mm ( P < .01). There was no statistically significant difference in any modalities with IDC. With specimens of ILC, all 3 imaging modalities underestimated tumor size, with only US being significant. Discussion Mammography and MRI consistently overestimated tumor size with the exception of ILC while US underestimated tumor size on all pathologic subtypes. MRI significantly overestimated tumor size in DCIS by 5.77 mm. Mammography was the most accurate imaging modality for all pathologic subtypes and never had a statistically significant difference from actual tumor size.
Increased Penetrating Trauma and Trauma Severity During the COVID-19 Lockdown
Authors: McNair Adina M. , Rhodes Heather X. , Biswas Saptarshi 
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 mandated lockdown created unintended outcomes in traumatic injury patterns and psychosocial behaviors compared to previous years during the same timeframe. The aim of this research is to describe a population of trauma patients during the past 5 years to determine particular trends in trauma patterns and trauma severity. A retrospective cohort study on all adult (≥18 years) trauma patients admitted to this ACS verified Level I trauma center in South Carolina, inclusive years 2017 to 2021. A total of 3281 adult trauma patients were included during the lockdown period across 5 years. There was an increase in penetrating injuries in 2020 compared to 2019 (9% vs 4%, P < .01). The psychosocial impacts of government-mandated lockdowns may lead to increased alcohol consumption leading to a higher degree of injury severity and morbidity markers in the trauma population.