bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Meng , Wu Jianrong , Wu Renhua , Wang Dandan , Liu Ruifeng , Luo Hongtao , Wang Yuhang , Chen Junru , Ou Yuhong , Zhang Qiuning , Wang Xiaohu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate and conduct a meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy (PBT) for rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).

Methods
We searched for articles using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from their inception to December 22, 2022. Two researchers independently screened literature and extracted data. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0.

Results
We got 675 candidate articles, of which 11 studies were included in our study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 544 RMS patients who received PBT. The local control (LC) rate at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 96% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91–1.01), 93% (95% CI 0.86–1.00), 78% (95% CI 0.71–0.85), 85% (95% CI 0.78–0.92), and 84% (95% CI 0.74–0.95), respectively. The progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 82% (95% CI 0.72–0.92), 73% (95% CI 0.61–0.84), 63% (95% CI 0.47–0.79), 64% (95% CI 0.54–0.74), and 76% (95% CI 0.59–0.94), respectively. The overall survival (OS) rate at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years were 93% (95% CI 0.86–1.00), 85% (95% CI 0.76–0.95), 80% (95% CI 0.63–0.96), 71% (95% CI 0.62–0.80), and 82% (95% CI 0.71–0.94), respectively. Acute and late toxicities were mainly grades 1 to 2 in all studies.

Conclusion
As an advantageous RT technique, PBT is an emerging option for patients with RMS, particularly children and adolescents patients. The data showed that PBT is a feasible, safe, and effective modality for RMS, showing promising LC, OS, PFS, and lower acute and late toxicities.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022329154.
Effectiveness of an 8-week overground walking with paretic lower limb loading on spatiotemporal gait parameters and motor function among chronic stroke survivors: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Maje Abdulhamid U. , Ibrahim Aminu A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Post-stroke gait deviations contribute to significant functional disability, impaired walking ability and poor quality of life. Prior studies suggest that gait training with paretic lower limb loading may improve gait parameters and walking ability in post-stroke. However, most gait training methods used in these studies are not readily available, and studies using cheaper methods are limited.

Objective
The purpose of this study is to describe a protocol for a randomised controlled trial on the effectiveness of an 8-week overground walking with paretic lower limb loading on spatiotemporal gait parameters and motor function among chronic stroke survivors.

Methods
This is a two-center, single-blind, two-arm parallel randomised controlled trial. Forty-eight stroke survivors with mild to moderate disability will be recruited from two tertiary facilities and randomly assigned into two intervention arms; overground walking with paretic lower limb loading or overground walking without paretic lower limb loading in a 1:1 ratio. All interventions will be administered thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Primary outcomes will be step length and gait speed whereas the secondary outcomes will include step length symmetry ratio, stride length, stride length symmetry ratio, stride width, cadence and motor function. All outcomes will be assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 20 weeks after the start of intervention.

Discussion
This will be the first randomised controlled trial to report the effects of overground walking with paretic lower limb loading on spatiotemporal gait parameters and motor function among chronic stroke survivors from low-resource setting.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05097391. Registered on 27 October 2021.
Ultrastructural changes in the fat body of desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) treated with zinc chromium oxide nanostructures via chemical co-precipitation approach
Authors: Hashem Fatma M. , Elgazzar Elsayed , Mostafa Wageha A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe present work aims to investigate the ultrastructural changes in the fat body of fifth instar nymphs Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae) treated with zinc chromium oxide (ZnCrO). The nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation route and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The ZnCrO NPs exhibited polycrystalline hexagonal structure, composed of spherical–hexagonal shapes with an average size ~ 25 nm. Besides, the UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Jasco-V-570) was utilized for optical measurements. The energy gap $$\left( {{\text{E}}_{{\text{g}}} } \right)$$

E
g

was estimated from the transmittance (T%) and reflectance (R%) spectra through the range of 3.307–3.840 eV. In biological sections, S. gregaria 5th instar nymphs, TEM images demonstrated that the fat body was strongly impacted with the concentration 2 mg NPs result in great agglomeration of chromatin in the nucleus as well as haemoglobin cells (HGCs) pierced with malformed trachea (Tr) at 5th and 7th days post treatment. The obtained results indicated a positive action of the prepared nanomaterial on Schistocerca gregaria fat body organelles.
Graphical Abstract
Nanopore adaptive sampling for targeted mitochondrial genome sequencing and bloodmeal identification in hematophagous insects
Authors: Kipp Evan J. , Lindsey Laramie L. , Milstein Marissa S. , Blanco Cristina M. , Baker Julia P. , Faulk Christopher , Oliver Jonathan D. , Larsen Peter A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Blood-feeding insects are important vectors for an array of zoonotic pathogens. While previous efforts toward generating molecular resources have largely focused on major vectors of global medical and veterinary importance, molecular data across a large number of hematophagous insect taxa remain limited. Advancements in long-read sequencing technologies and associated bioinformatic pipelines provide new opportunities for targeted sequencing of insect mitochondrial (mt) genomes. For engorged hematophagous insects, such technologies can be leveraged for both insect mitogenome genome assembly and identification of vertebrate blood-meal sources.

Methods
We used nanopore adaptive sampling (NAS) to sequence genomic DNA from four species of field-collected, blood-engorged mosquitoes (Aedes and Culex spp.) and one deer fly (Chrysops sp.). NAS was used for bioinformatical enrichment of mtDNA reads of hematophagous insects and potential vertebrate blood-meal hosts using publically available mt genomes as references. We also performed an experimental control to compare results of traditional non-NAS nanopore sequencing to the mt genome enrichment by the NAS method.

Results
Complete mitogenomes were assembled and annotated for all five species sequenced with NAS: Aedes trivittatus, Aedes vexans, Culex restuans, Culex territans and the deer fly, Chrysops niger. In comparison to data generated during our non-NAS control experiment, NAS yielded a substantially higher proportion of reference-mapped mtDNA reads, greatly streamlining downstream mitogenome assembly and annotation. The NAS-assembled mitogenomes ranged in length from 15,582 to 16,045 bp, contained between 78.1% and 79.0% A + T content and shared the anticipated arrangement of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, and 22 transfer RNAs. Maximum likelihood phylogenies were generated to further characterize each insect species. Additionally, vertebrate blood-meal analysis was successful in three samples sequenced, with mtDNA-based phylogenetic analyses revealing that blood-meal sources for Chrysops niger, Culex restuans and Aedes trivittatus were human, house sparrow (Passer domesticus) and eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings show that NAS has dual utility to simultaneously molecularly identify hematophagous insects and their blood-meal hosts. Moreover, our data indicate NAS can facilitate a wide array of mitogenomic systematic studies through novel ‘phylogenetic capture’ methods. We conclude that the NAS approach has great potential for broadly improving genomic resources used to identify blood-feeding insects, answer phylogenetic questions and elucidate complex pathways for the transmission of vector-borne pathogens.

Graphical Abstract
Utility of promoter hypermethylation in malignant risk stratification of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms
Authors: Chhoda Ankit , Sharma Anup , Sailo Bethsebie , Tang Haoyu , Ruzgar Nensi , Tan Wan Ying , Ying Lee , Khatri Rishabh , Narayanan Anand , Mane Shrikant , De Kumar Bony , Wood Laura D. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Kunstman John W. , Salem Ronald R. , Farrell James J. , Ahuja Nita 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), a type of cystic pancreatic cancer (PC) precursors, are increasingly identified on cross-sectional imaging and present a significant diagnostic challenge. While surgical resection of IPMN-related advanced neoplasia, i.e., IPMN-related high-grade dysplasia or PC, is an essential early PC detection strategy, resection is not recommended for IPMN-low-grade dysplasia (LGD) due to minimal risk of carcinogenesis, and significant procedural risks. Based on their promising results in prior validation studies targeting early detection of classical PC, DNA hypermethylation-based markers may serve as a biomarker for malignant risk stratification of IPMNs. This study investigates our DNA methylation-based PC biomarker panel (ADAMTS1, BNC1, and CACNA1G genes) in differentiating IPMN-advanced neoplasia from IPMN-LGDs.

Methods
Our previously described genome-wide pharmaco-epigenetic method identified multiple genes as potential targets for PC detection. The combination was further optimized and validated for early detection of classical PC in previous case–control studies. These promising genes were evaluated among micro-dissected IPMN tissue (IPMN-LGD: 35, IPMN-advanced neoplasia: 35) through Methylation-Specific PCR. The discriminant capacity of individual and combination of genes were delineated through Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis.

Results
As compared to IPMN-LGDs, IPMN-advanced neoplasia had higher hypermethylation frequency of candidate genes: ADAMTS1 (60% vs. 14%), BNC1 (66% vs. 3%), and CACGNA1G (25% vs. 0%). We observed Area Under Curve (AUC) values of 0.73 for ADAMTS1, 0.81 for BNC1, and 0.63 for CACNA1G genes. The combination of the BNC1/ CACNA1G genes resulted in an AUC of 0.84, sensitivity of 71%, and specificity of 97%. Combining the methylation status of the BNC1/CACNA1G genes, blood-based CA19-9, and IPMN lesion size enhanced the AUC to 0.92.

Conclusion
DNA-methylation based biomarkers have shown a high diagnostic specificity and moderate sensitivity for differentiating IPMN-advanced neoplasia from LGDs. Addition of specific methylation targets can improve the accuracy of the methylation biomarker panel and enable the development of noninvasive IPMN stratification biomarkers.
Prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancies in Zambia: a systematic review from 2000–2022
Authors: Malunga Gift , Sangong Sidney , Saah Farrukh Ishaque , Bain Luchuo Engelbert 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Adolescent pregnancy increases risk of short- and long-term adverse social and health outcomes for the adolescent mother and child. Zambia has high prevalence rates of adolescent pregnancy. However, the risk factors are varied and in need of further review and research. The study accordingly reviewed the prevalence and factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in Zambia.

Methods
This systematic review was conducted following the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review included original peer-reviewed research articles published from 2000 onwards in English, retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, and African Journals Online databases. Thematic synthesis was used in the analysis of the data extracted from the included studies.

Results
Six research studies carried out in Zambia (two quantitative, two qualitative, and two mixed methods) were reviewed and included. Prevalence of adolescent pregnancy in Zambia ranged from 29 to 48%. Additionally, it was found that 29.1% of the country’s adolescents, nationally, had given birth as of 2018. Factors at an individual’s level such as early or child marriage, exposure to media, knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and contraception, contraceptive use, as well as risky sexual behaviours were found to be significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy. Peer pressure, educational attainment, household wealth, and the power dynamics of the household head were identified as the major socio-economic factors alongside socio-cultural, gender and sexual norms amongst other environmental and contextual factors. Policy level factors identified were lack and limited access to SRH information and services by adolescents, including an enabling legal environment.

Conclusion
From the review, it was abundantly clear that a combination of individual, interpersonal, environmental, and an enabling legal/policy level factors significantly contribute to the high levels of adolescent pregnancy. There is a paucity of empirical research on the prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy, which suggests an imperative need for large multi-site mixed methods studies to properly explore these and other determinants on a national scale, as well as the long-term implications of these pregnancies on adolescent mothers and babies. Multifaceted and multisectoral interventions which include improved access to education, economic empowerment, addressing gender and socio-cultural norms, should be implemented having due regard to the socio-cultural context which should ride on strong political will, failing which adolescent girls in Zambia will definitely be left behind.
Pro-fibrotic and apoptotic activities of circARAP1 in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Li Xi , Guo Lei , Wang Jingjing , Yang Xing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReperfusion modality can cause damage to cardiomyocytes, known as myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are fundamental regulators associated with many cardiac diseases, including MI/RI. However, their functional impact on cardiomyocyte fibrosis and apoptosis remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to explore possible molecular mechanisms of circARPA1 in animal models and in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-treated cardiomyocytes. GEO dataset analysis showed that has_circ_0023461 (circARPA1) was differentially expressed in myocardial infarction samples. Real-time quantitative PCR further supported that circARPA1 was expressed at high levels in animal models and in H/R-triggered cardiomyocytes. Then, loss-of-function assays were performed to show that circARAP1 suppression effectively ameliorated cardiomyocyte fibrosis and apoptosis in MI/RI mice. Mechanistic experiments showed that miR-379-5p, KLF9 and Wnt signaling pathways were associated with circARPA1. circARPA1 can sponge miR-379-5p to regulate KLF9 expression, thereby activating the wnt/β-catenin pathway. Finally, gain-of-function assays revealed that circARAP1 aggravated MI/RI in mice and H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating the miR-379-5p/KLF9 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Research trends and hotspots evolution of cardiac amyloidosis: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2022
Authors: Fu Zhenyue , Lv Jiayu , Gao Xiya , Zhang Bingxuan , Li Yumeng , Xu Xia , Zheng Haoran , Wu Huaqin , Song Qingqiao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the new century, cardiac amyloidosis has received more attention from many countries and institutions, leading to innovations in the essence of the pathology, biological markers, noninvasive tests, and staging diagnoses and treatments for this disease. However, few reviews have summarized the research trends and hotspots in cardiac amyloidosis. Bibliometrics analysis is a statistically based approach to research that visualizes the contributions of academic institutions and changes in research hotspots. Therefore, in this paper, we used Citespace and VOSviewer software to conduct co-occurrence analysis and collaborative network analysis on the countries, institutions, and authors in the articles related to cardiac amyloidosis since the new century. And further find out burst keywords and references to obtain the research history, disciplinary development, and new hotspots and topics.
The prognostic value of tumor mutation burden (TMB) and its relationship with immune infiltration in breast cancer patients
Authors: Cui Shengjin , Feng Jingying , Tang Xi , Lou Shuang , Guo Weiquan , Xiao Xiaowei , Li Shuping , Chen Xue , Huan Yu , Zhou Yiwen , Xiao Lijia 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
Although the tumor mutation burden (TMB) was reported as a biomarker for immunotherapy of various cancers, whether it can effectively predict the survival prognosis in breast cancer patients remains unclear. In this study, the prognostic value of TMB and its correlation with immune infiltration were explored by using multigroup studies.

Methods
The somatic mutation data of 986 breast cancer patients were obtained from TCGA database. Breast cancer patients were divided into a low-TMB group and a high-TMB group according to the quartile of TMB scores. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the “limma” R program. The CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to estimate the immune cell fraction of each sample. The TIMER database was utilized to evaluate the association between CNVs of immune genes and tumor immune cell infiltration and the prognostic value of the immune cells in breast cancer.

Results
In breast cancer, TP53, PIK3CA, TTN, CDH1 and other genes were the most important mutated genes. Higher survival rate of patients was found in the low-TMB group. Among the top 10 DEGs, three of them belong to the KRT gene family. GSEA enrichment analysis showed that MAPK, Hedgehog, mTOR, TGF-bate and GnRH signaling pathways were enriched in the low-TMB group. The infiltration levels of the most of immune cells were higher in the low-TMB group (P < 0.01). Higher expression of CCL18 and TRGC1 was correlated with poor prognosis. Breast cancer patients with CCL18 copy number variations, especially arm-level gains, showed significantly decreased immune cell infiltration. In the low B cell infiltration group, the survival prognosis of breast cancer patients was poor.

Conclusions
TMB is a potential prognosis marker in breast cancer. Immune-related gene CCL18 and TRGC1 are biomarkers of poor prognosis while immune (B cell) infiltration is a biomarker of good prognosis.
Energy landscapes of Kodiak brown bears: a comparison of accelerometer and global positioning system-derived estimates
Authors: Finnegan S. P. , Pagano A. M. , Svoboda N. J. , Schooler S. L. , Belant J. L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWithin optimal foraging theory animals should maximize their net energy gain while minimizing energetic costs. Energetic expenditure in wild animals is therefore key to measure proxies of fitness. Accelerometers are an effective tool to study animal movement-based energetics, but retrieval of the device is usually required and often difficult. Accelerometers measure movement across three axes (x, y, and z) and can be calibrated to measures of oxygen consumption from captive animals, providing estimates of overall energy expenditure. Measuring energetic expenditures using a global positioning system (GPS) approach could provide an alternative method to study energetic ecology. This technique uses locomotor speeds across a range of slopes from successive GPS locations, which can be linked to the energy expenditure from captive individuals. We compared accelerometer and GPS methods of energetic expenditures in free-roaming brown bears (Ursus arctos) on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, USA. We then applied the GPS method to examine how multiple factors influenced brown bear movement-based daily energetic expenditures (MDEE). We found that while the two energetic measurements differed (Wilcoxon signed rank test: V = 2116, p < 0.001), they were positively correlated (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). The GPS method on average provided 1.6 times greater energy estimates than the accelerometer method. Brown bears had lower MDEE during periods of high food abundance, supporting optimal foraging theory. Reproductive status and age did not influence MDEE, however movement rates had a positive linear relationship. Energetic ecology is important for understanding drivers of animal movements. Data from GPS collars can provide useful information on energetic expenditures, but should be validated for the specific taxa, ecosystem, and GPS sampling rate used. Additionally, while movement-based estimates of energy expenditure can elucidate the mechanisms driving habitat use decisions, they may not fully reflect an animal’s overall energy demands. Brown bear movement-based energetic expenditure was influenced by food abundance and movement rates, which highlighted the importance of access to prime foraging sites to enhance energetic efficiency.