bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone remodeling parameters in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy of varying severity
Authors: Timkina N. V. , Murasheva A. V. , Ustyuzhanina A. O. , Radugin F. M. , Chernikova A. T. , Vasilieva E. Yu. , Karonova T. L. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: Diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy (DPPN) is a common and early chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This complication can be associated with bone tissue damage and low-trauma fractures, particularly in type 1 DM. Therefore, evaluating the relationship between DPPN and bone metabolism parameters is crucial for clinical practice.AIM: To assess bone remodeling parameters in patients with type 1 DM with varying degrees of DPPN.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 90 patients with type 1 DM and DPPN aged 18 to 55 years on stable insulin therapy for the past 3 months. Assessment was conducted for levels of HbA1c, 25(OH)D, total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) in serum. The degree of neurological deficit was determined using the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), Neuropathy Symptoms Score (NSS), and Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and trabecular bone score (TBS).RESULTS: Regardless of the degree of DPPN severity, patients with type 1 DM were comparable in HbA1c and 25(OH)D levels. A direct correlation was found between the severity of neurological disorders and BMI (r=0.214; p=0.044) and duration of DM (r=0.246, p=0.019). Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency were diagnosed in 79% of examined patients with type 1 DM, but the level of 25(OH)D in serum did not depend on the degree of DPPN severity, HbA1c level, duration of DM, and daily insulin dose (p>0.05). A positive correlation was established between PTH level and severity of neurological symptoms, and a ­negative one with HbA1c level. Patients with type 1 DM and varying degrees of DPPN did not differ in BMD and TBS. A Z-score of less than -2.0 SD was only recorded in six patients, and partially degraded microarchitecture of bone tissue was observed in 8 patients.CONCLUSION: Therefore, BMD, TBS, and bone remodeling markers in patients with type 1 DM and DPPN were independent of the degree of neurological deficit, degree of compensation, and duration of DM. Vitamin D deficiency is common in most patients with type 1 DM, but the 25(OH)D level is not influenced by HbA1c level, duration of the disease, and daily insulin dose.
Program Kuliah Kerja Nyata Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1970-an – 2000-an: Kebijakan, Bentuk, dan Perdebatan Pemikiran
Authors: Suwignyo Agus , Sudarmadi Tular , Wahyuni Hermin Indah 
Published: January 2025

The Student’s Community Service (Kuliah Kerja Nyata, KKN) has become a hallmark of higher education in Indonesia. Nonetheless, the history and intricacies of the implementation of this program have been overlooked in scholarly studies. The aim of the present article was to analyze the policies, forms and debates on KKN program from the 1970s to 2000s. This article was focused on the KKN program that was carried by the university that first initiated it in Indonesia, namely Gadjah Mada University. As a pioneer, UGM has the experiences in and the most complete archival collection about the KKN program among public and private universities in Indonesia. By applying the historical method and using KKN UGM reports from the 1970s–2000s as data sources, this article argues that, along the time of its existence, the KKN program at UGM has faced ups and downs as well as pros and cons. The article shows that the policies and the forms of the KKN program continue to adapt to the current context. Its contents, target community groups, and models of evaluation are increasingly varied and established from time to time. However, the principles and ideas that underline the program are also dynamic, especially regarding its impact and relevance in a modernizingsociety.
Hukum Dan Wanita: Model Pembinaan Residivis di Lapas Khusus Perempuan
Authors: Salamor Yonna Beatrix , Salamor Anna M. 
Published: January 2025

Objective:the purpose of this research is to describe the guidance model for female recidivist prisoners in the Women's Correctional Institution.Methodology/Approach/Design: the method used in this research is a non-doctrinal.Results and Discussion: based on the research results, it is found that the guidance provided for female recidivists is generally the same as for other Inmates because Government Regulation No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Guidance and Supervision of Prisoners does not classify or differentiate between types of guidance for recidivists and non-recidivists. Personality development and independence are programs carried out by the Correctional Institution in collaboration with other parties, namely religious organizations, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Salon. Personality development includes craft activities, food, and beverages, while the personality program involves worship and celebrations of religious holidays.Practical Implications: the practical implications of this research indicate the need for adjustments in government guidelines related to guidance for female recidivist prisoners, making them more effective and relevant to their needs.Novelty/Value: the novelty or value of this research lies in the revelation that current government regulations do not differentiate guidance for female recidivist prisoners and non-recidivist prisoners. This highlights the importance of considering these differences to enhance the effectiveness of guidance programs in the future.Keywords: Coaching. Recidivist. Woman.
EX-Ante Information Heterogeneity in Global Games Models with Application to Team Production
Authors: Kim Seongkyun , Shim Myungkyu , Song Doyoung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper introduces ex ante information heterogeneity between players into an otherwise standard global game so that both a type with superior private information and that with inferior private information coexist. We first derive the condition under which a unique threshold equilibrium exists. We then show that less-informed (resp. more-informed) players are more likely to attack the regime than more-informed (resp. less-informed) players when (i) the fundamental is perceived to be weak (resp. strong) according to the public signal and (ii) the cost of attack is low (resp. high). We finally derive the implication of our finding on optimal information allocation problem in the context of team production.
Interest of hair tests to discriminate a tail end of a doping regimen from a possible unpredictable source of a prohibited substance in case of challenging an anti-doping rule violation
Authors: Kintz Pascal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The presence of letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, in an athlete’s sample constitutes one of the more frequent anti-doping rules violation. It is possible to challenge this violation but it is the athletes who have to demonstrate their innocence. The conditions to evidence/establish the absence of fault or negligence hinge on two points: 1. the athletes or their legal representatives have to present verified circumstances of contamination and the source of contamination has to be identified; and 2. there have to be verified claims by the athlete about the fact that the intake of the prohibited substance was not known, i.e. that the violation was not intentional. This corresponds to the suggested shift terminology from “contaminated product” to “unpredictable source of a prohibited substance”. In the recent years, several top athletes challenged their ADRV with a low urine letrozole concentration and requested a hair test. In three cases, letrozole concentration in segmented hair, particularly in the segment corresponding to the urine AAF was significantly lower than 1 pg/mg, which is the limit of quantification of the method. Considering that a ¼ of a 2.5 mg therapeutic dose of letrozole produces a hair concentration of approximately 30 pg/mg, it is easy to establish that the dose that entered in the body of these athletes was incidental. Nevertheless, all three athletes were sentenced a 2-years ban as the source of contamination was not identified. In that sense, the WADA dogma contradicts scientific evidence, and from a forensic perspective, this appears difficult to understand.
Chemical conversion of rural biomass waste: effective resource utilization and rural economic development
Authors: Yin Xiang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The rapid progress of Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions to address the challenges of building a sustainable and environmentally conscious industry, a critical step towards achieving an ecological civilization. Environmental financing drives a low-carbon, circular, and eco-friendly economy, facilitating industrial growth and societal advancement. However, the precise relationship between environmental funding and the development of the green industry has not been thoroughly explored. This research analyses the coordinated development between environmental financing and the green industry, specifically focusing on China’s Yangtze River Economic Region. A comprehensive evaluation model was constructed utilizing data from 11 provinces and autonomous regions, combining cluster finance and economic efficiency models. The findings reveal increasing financial groups across different provinces and cities along the Yangtze River in the economic zone, accompanied by a convergence of urban ecological and economic efficiency. This paper proposes measures to enhance the ecological and financial efficiency of the Yangtze River economic zone, including strengthening regional financial and economic cooperation and promoting the construction of an ecological civilization.
Understanding the impact of media and latency in information response on the disease propagation: a mathematical model and analysis
Authors: Kaushik Bharat , Bhatia Sumit Kaur , Tyagi Sanyam , Goel Shashank 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Exposure to the media can have a significant impact on the transmission of infectious diseases. In this study, we examine the role and importance of information intervention in the fight against infectious illnesses. A four-class mathematical model: H

S
, H

I
, H

R
, and H

Z
has been developed. The first three classes, denoted as H

S
, H

I
, and H

R
, stand for the population’s subclasses, susceptible, infected, and removed people, respectively. The fourth class, denoted as H

Z
, stands for the population’s information density. Another component of this model is time delay (τ), which accounts for the delay in people’s taking preventive action due to their decision-making period between the report and action times. Essential properties, like boundedness and non negativity of the solutions of the model have been studied. We have addressed the existence and local stability of both the equilibrium points: disease-free and endemic. Conditions for global stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points have been obtained. Also, the critical value of delay is obtained, which, when crossed leads to a switch in stability and thus Hopf bifurcation. Finally, to support these analytical findings, numerical simulations have been performed. We have explored the relationship between the number of infective people and the rate of illness transmission, information intervention, and reaction intensity. We have also fitted our model to the actual data of COVID-19 of India for the month of April 2021. Based on the findings, policymakers are recommended to create suitable policies that limit the degree of disease transmission and accelerate the dissemination of information.
Tax Avoidance in Family Firms: A Multi-Level Literature Review
Authors: Carbone Emmadonata , Manzi Maria Angela , Cirillo Alessandro , Sciascia Salvatore 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While tax avoidance has attracted scholarly and policy interest over the years, its peculiarities in family business are far from being completely understood. Motivated by the growing attention to family firms’ tax-saving strategies, this paper aims to critically and systematically review the 42 articles on tax avoidance in family businesses published up to June 2024. The study organises the literature upon four levels of analysis and offers future research avenues to move our knowledge on the topic forward.
Remote sensing estimation of chlorophyll content in rape leaves in Weibei dryland region of China
Authors: Xia Liheng , Zhang Panpan , Shi Lei , Wang Kun , Zhang Tingyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chlorophyll is an important factor in crop growth, and is a good indicator of plant nutritional stress, photosynthetic capacity, and growth status. Real-time and reliable crop nutritional diagnosis is the basis for scientific fertilizer management and one of the key technologies for practicing fine agriculture. Focusing on rapeseed crops within the northwest region, this study employed correlation analysis between Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) values and spectral parameters of rape leaves to identify SPAD-sensitive spectral parameters. SPAD values are units of relative chlorophyll content and are used to determine the current relative amount of chlorophyll in a leaf. Subsequently, single-factor models, partial least squares regression models, Back Propagation neural network (BPNN) models, Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization BPNNs, and BPNN models optimized through GAs based on multiple linear stepwise regression using spectral parameters (referred to as MLSR-GA-BP NN models) were constructed and compared. Findings revealed several significant observations: (1) Consistency in the spectral curves of rape leaves, with spectral reflectance diminishing as chlorophyll content increased; (2) Strong correlations among seven spectral parameters utilized in the modeling, all exceeding 0.770 and achieving significant correlations at the 0.01 level; (3) Across various growth periods, the BPNN model optimized through GAs based on multiple linear stepwise regression emerged as the optimal model. With modeling R
2 surpassing 0.77 and reaching a maximum of 0.91, validation further demonstrated R
2 exceeding 0.73, with a maximum of 0.92, root mean square error ranging between 1.32 and 3.22, and relative error between 2.50 and 4.49%. Hence, the BPNN model optimized by GAs based on multiple linear stepwise regression proves to be an effective inversion method for accurately and swiftly estimating SPAD values in rape leaves.
Developmental trajectories of discourse features by age and learning environment
Authors: Butler Yuko Goto , Liu Yeting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the development of discourse features in young learners of a foreign language (YLLs), focusing on their complexity, accuracy, fluency (CAF), and vocabulary. The study also examined the relationship between CAF and communicative adequacy, and the influence of YLLs’ socio-economic status (SES) on discourse development. The participants were Grades 5, 8, and 10 learners of English in China (32 students in each grade level) who were selected through a stratified random sampling from a larger project and 15 advanced adult learners of English as a comparative group. They engaged in a story-telling task using a wordless picture book. The participants’ communicative adequacy was operationalized as the narrative structure based on story grammar, and 17 discourse features representing CAF were examined across grade levels and SES groups. A series of ANOVA and correlational analyses found that CAF measures generally showed significant differences by grade with some varied patterns reflecting the multidimensional natures of CAF constructs. SES effects appeared in secondary school levels. CAF measures were not interrelated significantly in Grade 5 but showed greater interrelatedness within and across dimensions among students in higher grades. Fluency contributed most to the communicative adequacy measured by story grammar, followed by vocabulary.
Public Use and Distribution of Retail CBDC: An Evidence from Thailand’s Retail CBDC Pilot Program
Authors: Bhensook Nuntapun , Rattanakul Thanaporn , Synsatayakul Witit , Tohwisessuk Pakaporn 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper analyzes the public use of Retail Central Bank Digital Currency (rCBDC) during a pilot program in Thailand. For the first time, it utilizes detailed transactional data, including demographic information of users from a real-world rCBDC pilot. The study empirically examines the behavior of financial service providers (FSPs), individual users, and merchant users in adopting rCBDC for retail payments. The analysis also explores demographic factors and the impact of reward mechanisms on the adoption of rCBDC. Additionally, the paper assesses the effectiveness of a hybrid rCBDC architecture for distributing rCBDC through network topology and empirical analysis. Findings indicate that FSPs manage their rCBDC holdings and liquidity by adjusting redemptions but do not adjust issuances in response to retail payments. Retail users, on the other hand, tend to use rCBDC as a payment method, with usage positively correlated with user age and reward incentives. Regarding the distribution of rCBDC, the network topology analysis indicates that the hybrid architecture tested in this pilot creates a less connected network. rCBDC is distributed sparsely and slowly within the network, relying heavily on a few key FSPs. This suggests the current distribution model is limited in effectiveness and could be improved. These findings provide policy insights, recommending an increase in the number of FSPs in the system, enabling a wider range of business models for FSPs, and introducing new rCBDC use cases across more FSPs, along with targeted measures to enhance rCBDC adoption.
Performance analysis of PMD compensator using VSB modulated data
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Kaler Rajinder Singh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper investigates the performance of 40 Gb/s vestigial sideband (VSB) modulation under various second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) models. A comparative study reveals that the planar sweep model demonstrates lower bit error rates (BER) and better eye opening compared to Bruyere and EMTY models. Key insights on received optical power and differential group delay (DGD) effects are also presented.
Effect of NaOH concentration on production of Na-CMC derived from pineapple waste collected from local society
Authors: Faridah Anni , Azhar Aulia , Suryanto Heru , Saputra Ilman , Utami Oktria Putri , Kasmita  , Makky Muhammad , Syukri Daimon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the characteristics of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) made from bacterial cellulose from pineapple peel waste obtained from the results of community business activities. Na-CMC was made from pineapple peel waste cellulose with various sodium hydroxide concentration treatments. The alkalization process with NaOH is critical to start the carboxymethylation process to produce CMC. Na-CMC was manufactured with various NaOH concentrations in the range of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15%. The resulting Na-CMC was then analyzed for quality using several parameters such as water content, NaCl content, Na-CMC purity, and degree of substitution (DS). The application of Na-CMC was tested in the view of viscosity and pH. As a result, it can be reported that the concentration of NaOH dramatically affects the character of the resulting Na-CMC. The NaOH concentration of 10% produced the best Na-CMC in this study, with the highest purity and DS value. As information for the application of the Na-CMC produced, the Na-CMC produced was measured for the pH value and viscosity. As a result, it can be reported that the pH of the Na-CMC solution was categorized as neutral, and the viscosity value was directly proportional to the purity of Na-CMC. The findings of this study have provided information on the potential of pineapple peel waste to produce Na-CMC, even though the material was not standardized because it comes from annual public activity.
Single-atom-at-a-time adsorption studies of 211Bi and its precursor 211Pb on SiO2 surfaces
Authors: Dietzel Dominik , Yakushev Alexander , Düllmann Christoph E. , Khuyagbaatar Jadambaa , Krier Jörg , Jäger Egon 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In preparation of gas-phase chemical experiments with moscovium (Mc, element 115), we studied the chemical behavior of the short-lived bismuth radioisotope 211Bi in helium, argon, and oxygen atmosphere. For that purpose, we performed off-line isothermal gas chromatography experiments at room temperature. Using different carrier gases, the short-lived volatile 219Rn precursor, provided from an 227Ac-source, was transported through the Recoil Transfer Chamber (RTC) at the gas-filled separator TASCA and into the mini-Cryo-Online Multi detector for Physics and Chemistry of Transactinides (miniCOMPACT) chromatography and detection setup. Internal chromatograms were recorded as a function of various parameters including carrier gas type and flow rate, thus characterizing the novel miniCOMPACT detector array. This aids to optimize the conditions for experiments with superheavy elements. The bismuth progeny of 219Rn deposited on the SiO2 surface of the miniCOMPACT via diffusion-controlled deposition. Bismuth showed the expected high reactivity towards the SiO2 surface of the miniCOMPACT. Experiments in argon and oxygen atmosphere showed no measurable differences in the deposition distribution of the activity. The intermediate 36-min 211Pb, a member of the 227Ac decay chain feeding the studied bismuth isotope, was taken into account. To extract thermodynamical data from the results, namely the lower limit of the value of the adsorption enthalpy (−ΔH
ads) of Bi on SiO2, we performed Monte Carlo simulations, adapted to account for the precursor effect, and compared the experimental results to their output. Simulations were also performed for bismuth’s heavier homologue, moscovium, using a theoretically predicted value for −ΔH
ads of this element on SiO2. These suggest moscovium to adsorb in the first part of the miniCOMPACT detector array, in line with recent observations.