bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working-Class Women and the Buying and Selling of Stolen Goods in Urban Communities in the North West of England and Belfast, 1918–1960
Authors: Wildman Charlotte 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The buying and selling of stolen goods by working-class women was a relatively widespread and accepted practice in some inner urban communities in the North West of England and in Belfast between 1918 and 1960. It relied on the training and engagement of children and the co-operation and compliance of neighbours, and was facilitated by the spatial dynamics within inner urban terraced homes. This article analyses local court records, memoirs and contemporary social surveys to demonstrate that, after 1918, the buying and selling of stolen goods by working-class women did not just play a part in people’s economic lives. It argues that, even outside times of poverty, in certain neighbourhoods the practice reinforced strong community bonds and allowed some women to contest the inequalities they experienced by consolidating their position within strong supportive networks against a society that afforded them little formal power. Together, these sources present a quotidian culture of minor criminality that challenges received views of working-class cultures of domesticity, family life and ‘respectability’, suggesting that trading in stolen goods could afford women offenders status and respect within their neighbourhoods. The article highlights the enduring practice of home-based buying and selling of stolen goods across the period, particularly in areas untouched by housing clearance and redevelopment. Despite significant developments in the state provision of welfare and greater scrutiny of working-class families, the offence endured as a way to bolster close-knit community bonds in protest against the harsh living conditions and persistent inequities many still experienced.
Novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis: inflammation and beyond
Authors: Weber Christian , Habenicht Andreas J R , von Hundelshausen Philipp 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This review based on the ESC William Harvey Lecture in Basic Science 2022 highlights recent experimental and translational progress on the therapeutic targeting of the inflammatory components in atherosclerosis, introducing novel strategies to limit side effects and to increase efficacy. Since the validation of the inflammatory paradigm in CANTOS and COLCOT, efforts to control the residual risk conferred by inflammation have centred on the NLRP3 inflammasome-driven IL-1β-IL6 axis. Interference with the co-stimulatory dyad CD40L–CD40 and selective targeting of tumour necrosis factor-receptor associated factors (TRAFs), namely the TRAF6–CD40 interaction in macrophages by small molecule inhibitors, harbour intriguing options to reduce established atherosclerosis and plaque instability without immune side effects. The chemokine system crucial for shaping immune cell recruitment and homoeostasis can be fine-tuned and modulated by its heterodimer interactome. Structure–function analysis enabled the design of cyclic, helical, or linked peptides specifically targeting or mimicking these interactions to limit atherosclerosis or thrombosis by blunting myeloid recruitment, boosting regulatory T cells, inhibiting platelet activity, or specifically blocking the atypical chemokine MIF without notable side effects. Finally, adventitial neuroimmune cardiovascular interfaces in advanced atherosclerosis show robust restructuring of innervation from perivascular ganglia and employ sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia to enter the central nervous system and to establish an atherosclerosis-brain circuit sensor, while sympathetic and vagal efferents project to the celiac ganglion to create an atherosclerosis-brain circuit effector. Disrupting this circuitry by surgical or chemical sympathectomy limited disease progression and enhanced plaque stability, opening exciting perspectives for selective and tailored intervention beyond anti-inflammatory strategies.
Dapagliflozin vs. metolazone in heart failure resistant to loop diuretics
Authors: Yeoh Su Ern , Osmanska Joanna , Petrie Mark C , Brooksbank Katriona J M , Clark Andrew L , Docherty Kieran F , Foley Paul W X , Guha Kaushik , Halliday Crawford A , Jhund Pardeep S , Kalra Paul R , McKinley Gemma , Lang Ninian N , Lee Matthew M Y , McConnachie Alex , McDermott James J , Platz Elke , Sartipy Peter , Seed Alison , Stanley Bethany , Weir Robin A P , Welsh Paul , McMurray John J V , Campbell Ross T 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
To examine the decongestive effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin compared to the thiazide-like diuretic metolazone in patients hospitalized for heart failure and resistant to treatment with intravenous furosemide.

Methods and results
A multi-centre, open-label, randomized, and active-comparator trial. Patients were randomized to dapagliflozin 10 mg once daily or metolazone 5–10 mg once daily for a 3-day treatment period, with follow-up for primary and secondary endpoints until day 5 (96 h). The primary endpoint was a diuretic effect, assessed by change in weight (kg). Secondary endpoints included a change in pulmonary congestion (lung ultrasound), loop diuretic efficiency (weight change per 40 mg of furosemide), and a volume assessment score. 61 patients were randomized. The mean (±standard deviation) cumulative dose of furosemide at 96 h was 977 (±492) mg in the dapagliflozin group and 704 (±428) mg in patients assigned to metolazone. The mean (±standard deviation) decrease in weight at 96 h was 3.0 (2.5) kg with dapagliflozin compared to 3.6 (2.0) kg with metolazone [mean difference 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.12,1.41 kg; P = 0.11]. Loop diuretic efficiency was less with dapagliflozin than with metolazone [mean 0.15 (0.12) vs. 0.25 (0.19); difference −0.08, 95% CI −0.17,0.01 kg; P = 0.10]. Changes in pulmonary congestion and volume assessment score were similar between treatments. Decreases in plasma sodium and potassium and increases in urea and creatinine were smaller with dapagliflozin than with metolazone. Serious adverse events were similar between treatments.

Conclusion
In patients with heart failure and loop diuretic resistance, dapagliflozin was not more effective at relieving congestion than metolazone. Patients assigned to dapagliflozin received a larger cumulative dose of furosemide but experienced less biochemical upset than those assigned to metolazone.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04860011
Efficacy of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring in patients with chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis of three randomized controlled trials
Authors: Clephas Pascal R D , Radhoe Sumant P , Boersma Eric , Gregson John , Jhund Pardeep S , Abraham William T , McMurray John J V , de Boer Rudolf A , Brugts Jasper J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Aims
Adjustment of treatment based on remote monitoring of pulmonary artery (PA) pressure may reduce the risk of hospital admission for heart failure (HF). We have conducted a meta-analysis of large randomized trials investigating this question.

Methods and results
A systematic literature search was performed for randomized clinical trials with PA pressure monitoring devices in patients with HF. The primary outcome of interest was the total number of HF hospitalizations. Other outcomes assessed were urgent visits leading to treatment with intravenous diuretics, all-cause mortality, and composites. Treatment effects are expressed as hazard ratios, and pooled effect estimates were obtained applying random effects meta-analyses. Three eligible randomized clinical trials were identified that included 1898 outpatients in New York Heart Association functional classes II–IV, either hospitalized for HF in the prior 12 months or with elevated plasma NT-proBNP concentrations. The mean follow-up was 14.7 months, 67.8% of the patients were men, and 65.8% had an ejection fraction ≤40%. Compared to patients in the control group, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for total HF hospitalizations in those randomized to PA pressure monitoring was 0.70 (0.58–0.86) (P = .0005). The corresponding hazard ratio for the composite of total HF hospitalizations, urgent visits and all-cause mortality was 0.75 (0.61–0.91; P = .0037) and for all-cause mortality 0.92 (0.73–1.16). Subgroup analyses, including ejection fraction phenotype, revealed no evidence of heterogeneity in the treatment effect.

Conclusion
The use of remote PA pressure monitoring to guide treatment of patients with HF reduces episodes of worsening HF and subsequent hospitalizations.
Characterizing Fall Circumstances in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Cai Yurun , Leveille Suzanne G , Andreeva Olga , Shi Ling , Chen Ping , You Tongjian 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Understanding fall circumstances can help researchers better identify causes of falls and develop effective and tailored fall prevention programs. This study aims to describe fall circumstances among older adults from quantitative data using conventional statistical approaches and qualitative analyses using a machine learning approach.

Methods
The MOBILIZE Boston Study enrolled 765 community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and older in Boston, MA. Occurrence and circumstances of falls (ie, locations, activities, and self-reported causes of falls) were recorded using monthly fall calendar postcards and fall follow-up interviews with open- and close-ended questions during a 4-year period. Descriptive analyses were used to summarize circumstances of falls. Natural language processing was used to analyze narrative responses from open-ended questions.

Results
During the 4-year follow-up, 490 participants (64%) had at least 1 fall. Among 1 829 falls, 965 falls occurred indoors and 804 falls occurred outdoors. Commonly reported activities when the fall occurred were walking (915, 50.0%), standing (175, 9.6%), and going down stairs (125, 6.8%). The most commonly reported causes of falls were slip or trip (943, 51.6%) and inappropriate footwear (444, 24.3%). Using qualitative data, we extracted more detailed information on locations and activities, and additional information on obstacles related to falls and commonly reported scenarios such as “lost my balance and fell.”

Conclusions
Self-reported fall circumstances provide important information on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to falls. Future studies are warranted to replicate our findings and optimize approaches to analyzing narrative data on fall circumstances in older adults.
Does the Economic Status of Adult Children Influence Self-Rated Health Among Older Adults in China?
Authors: Zhang Wencheng , Silverstein Merril 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesWe aim to investigate the association between children’s economic status and parents’ self-rated health and examine the potential mediating mechanisms for this relationship.MethodsUtilizing nationally representative data in China in 2014, this study predicted parent’s self-rated health from children’s economic status using inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for selection and endogeneity bias. We further examined depressive symptoms, kin and nonkin social support networks, emotional closeness to children, and economic support from children, as potential mediators of this relationship.ResultsThe study reveals that parents whose children had greater economic success tended to have better self-rated health. For both rural and urban older adults, depressive symptoms served as the most influential mediator. However, only among rural older adults did the size of their support networks mediate the relationship between children’s economic status and perceived health.DiscussionThe results from this study suggest that children’s economic success contributes to better self-rated health among older adults. In part, this relationship was explained by better emotional well-being and greater availability of support resources among parents in rural areas with successful children. This quasi-causal analysis demonstrates that adult children remain important for the well-being of their older parents in China, but also suggests that health inequalities in later life are exacerbated by the chance of having economically successful offspring.
Social Participation and Persistent Smoking Among Older Chinese With Smoking-Related Morbidity
Authors: Gao Manjing , Park Soojin , Lee Chioun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic diseases are common in midlife and old age and smoking can pose more health and longevity challenges for older people with chronic illnesses. In China where smoking is highly prevalent, older adults are likely to continue smoking even after developing severe chronic diseases. We examined the national prevalence of persistent smoking among older adults. We also investigated the sociodemographic characteristics of persistent smoking among ever-smokers with chronic diseases and its association with social participation (of various types).

Methods
We used data from a nationally representative sample of older adults aged 45–80 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011–2018). Multinomial logistic and multilevel logistic models were fitted.

Results
The national prevalence of persistent smoking was around 24% of older men and 3% of older women. Among those with a history of smoking and chronic illness, younger, nonmarried/partnered, nonretired, or less educated individuals are more likely to continue smoking. Social participation is significantly associated with persistent smoking among those with chronic diseases, but the association differs across different forms of activities. Although the most popular but sedentary activities in China (playing Mahjong, chess, or cards) are associated with an elevated risk of persistent smoking, physical social activities (community-organized dancing, fitness, and qigong) are associated with a reduced risk of persistent smoking.

Discussion
Given the enormous burden of persistent smoking on individuals and society, public smoking cessation inventions should address sociocultural factors of persistent smoking and target older adults who participate in specific social activities.
Antiabortion legal mobilization in Brazil: Human rights as a field of contention
Authors: de Assis Machado Marta R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article analyzes the legal strategies used by the Brazilian antiabortion movement, observing its frames and argumentative strategies. It contextualizes the importance of the antiabortion movement within the recent conservative wave, as the movement had recently undergone a process of renewal, becoming one of the support bases for right-wing populist President Jair Bolsonaro’s government. The new configurations and strategies advanced by the movement reveal the centrality of lawyers and legal strategies, using the language of human rights. An analysis of court documents and public hearings at different political moments highlights recent shifts in antiabortion legal framings. While human rights language has always been ambivalent and contested, this article argues that what is taking place in the context of the reframed antiabortion movement is an appropriation (or misappropriation) of human rights, which distorts its most fundamental feature and advocates for anti-pluralist ends.
The interaction of human rights and religion in Africa’s sexuality politics
Authors: Kaoma Kapya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article examines varieties of human rights appropriation in the context of sexuality politics in Africa. Noting how contested the landscape of human rights has been in Africa, it demonstrates how the human rights of lesbians, gays, bisexual, trans, queer, and intersex persons or sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQI+) are excluded from protection as a result of what are described as three interconnected predispositions. These predispositions are postcolonial, cultural, and religious tendencies within many African countries which adopt “othering” narratives that justify, and even sacralize, discrimination or violence based on gender identity and sexual orientation. The article analyzes the rights-based arguments—the appropriation of human rights language—used by anti-gay advocates in Africa, which emphasize rights to religion, culture, and family and exclude or deny the rights of LGBTQI+ people. This presentation of a human rights corpus and discourse which excludes LGBTQI+ rights, and which circulates both within and outside Africa, relies on alliances with the US Christian Right, and with the Vatican and Islamic leaders, to oppose sexual rights, and is often deployed by African politicians to retain political power. The article concludes by exploring the concept of ubuntu as a potential alternative to or as an accompaniment to human rights language, as a way of vernacularizing and Africanizing LGBTQI+ rights.
Strong CD4+ T-Cell Responses to Ancestral and Variant Spike Proteins Are Established by NVX-CoV2373 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Primary Vaccination
Authors: Fries Louis , Formica Neil , Mallory Raburn M , Zhou Haixia , Plested Joyce S , Kalkeri Raj , Moldovan Ioana , Patel Nita , Albert Gary , Robinson Michelle , Cho Iksung , Chau Gordon , Dubovsky Filip , Glenn Gregory M ,   for the 2019nCoV-101 Study Group, Adams Mark , Arya Mark , Athan Eugene , Berger Ira , Bradley Paul , Glover Richard , Griffin Paul , Kim Joshua , Kitchener Scott , Klein Terry , Leah Amber , Lemech Charlotte , Lickliter Jason , Manning Mary Beth , Napier-Flood Fiona , Nugent Paul , Thackwray Susan , Turner Mark 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
NVX-CoV2373 is an efficacious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine comprising full-length recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (rS) glycoprotein and Matrix-M adjuvant. Phase 2 of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial in healthy adults (18–84 years of age) previously reported good safety/tolerability and robust humoral immunogenicity.

Methods
Participants were randomized to placebo or 1 or 2 doses of 5-µg or 25-µg rS with 50 µg Matrix-M adjuvant 21 days apart. CD4+ T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 intact S or pooled peptide stimulation (with ancestral or variant S sequences) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay and intracellular cytokine staining.

Results
A clearly discernable spike antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell response was induced after 1 dose, but markedly enhanced after 2 doses. Counts and fold increases in cells producing Th1 cytokines exceeded those secreting Th2 cytokines, although both phenotypes were clearly present. Interferon-γ responses to rS were detected in 93.5% of 2-dose 5-µg recipients. A polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell response was cross-reactive and of equivalent magnitude to all tested variants, including Omicron BA.1/BA.5.

Conclusions
NVX-CoV2373 elicits a moderately Th1-biased CD4+ T-cell response that is cross-reactive with ancestral and variant S proteins after 2 doses.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04368988.
Molecular characterization of cefepime and aztreonam nonsusceptibility in Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Cheng Wei-Hung , Shao Wan-Yu , Wen Man-Yu , Su Pei-Yi , Ho Cheng-Hsun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Cefepime and aztreonam are highly efficacious against H. influenzae, and resistant strains are rare. In this study, we isolated cefepime- and aztreonam-nonsusceptible H. influenzae strains and addressed the molecular basis of their resistance to cefepime and aztreonam.

Methods
Two hundred and 28 specimens containing H. influenzae were screened, of which 32 isolates were enrolled and applied to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing. Genetic variations that were detected in all nonsusceptible isolates with statistical significance by Fisher’s exact tests were identified as cefepime or aztreonam nonsusceptibility related. Functional complementation assays were conducted to assess the in vitro effects of proteins with sequence substitutions on drug susceptibility.

Results
Three H. influenzae isolates were nonsusceptible to cefepime, one of which was also nonsusceptible to aztreonam. Genes encoding TEM, SHV and CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamases were not detected in the cefepime- and aztreonam-nonsusceptible isolates. Five genetic variations in four genes and 10 genetic variations in five genes were associated with cefepime and aztreonam nonsusceptibility, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that changes in FtsI were correlated strongly with the MIC of cefepime and moderately with aztreonam. FtsI Thr532Ser-Tyr557His cosubstitution linked to cefepime nonsusceptibility and Asn305Lys-Ser385Asn-Glu416Asp cosubstitution to aztreonam nonsusceptibility. Functional complementation assays revealed that these cosubstitutions increased MICs of cefepime and aztreonam in susceptible H. influenzae isolates, respectively.

Conclusions
Genetic variations relevant to resistant phenotypes of cefepime and aztreonam nonsusceptibility in H. influenzae were identified. Moreover, the effects of FtsI cosubstitutions on increasing MICs of cefepime and aztreonam in H. influenzae were demonstrated.
The Impact of Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program on Children's Educational Aspirations and Attainments
Authors: Gebremariam Aregawi G , Lodigiani Elisabetta , Pasini Giacomo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) was launched by the government of Ethiopia in 2005 to support food-insecure rural households. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of PSNP on children's educational aspirations and actual attainments. We use longitudinal data from the Ethiopian sample of the Young Lives' survey and by means of a differences-in-differences, individual fixed-effects estimator, we find that the program increases both educational aspirations and actual attainment of children. In our preferred specification, the immediate effect (after 3 years) of the program is to increase by 1.05 years of educational aspirations and by about 0.35 years actual education of children. Furthermore, there is evidence that the program has significant effect even in the long run (after 6 years). The results point to broad and long-lasting positive effects on children education of a program designed primarily to relieve chronically poor households from food insecurity.
Host-Genetic-Based Outcome of Coinfection by PCV2b and PRRSV in Pigs
Authors: Eaton Christian W , Vu Hiep L , Hodges Arabella L , Harris Seth P , Kachman Stephen D , Ciobanu Daniel C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), an important worldwide swine pathogen, has been demonstrated to be influenced by host genotype. Specifically, a missense DNA polymorphism (SYNGR2 p.Arg63Cys) within the SYNGR2 gene was demonstrated to contribute to variation in PCV2b viral load and subsequent immune response following infection. PCV2 is known to induce immunosuppression leading to an increase in susceptibility to subsequent infections with other viral pathogens such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In order to assess the role of SYNGR2 p.Arg63Cys in coinfections, pigs homozygous for the favorable SYNGR2 p.63Cys (n=30) and unfavorable SYNGR2 p.63Arg (n=29) alleles were infected with PCV2b followed a week later by a challenge with PRRSV. A lower PCV2b viremia (P &lt; 0.001) and PCV2-specific IgM antibodies (P &lt; 0.005) were observed in SYNGR2 p.63Cys compared to SYNGR2 p.63Arg genotypes. No significant differences in PRRSV viremia and specific IgG antibodies were observed between SYNGR2 genotypes. Lung histology score, an indicator of disease severity, was lower in the pigs with SYNGR2 p.63Cys genotypes (P &lt; 0.05). Variation in the lung histology scores within SYNGR2 genotypes suggests that additional factors, environmental and/or genetic, could be involved in disease severity.