bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-precision automatic identification method for dicentric chromosome images using two-stage convolutional neural network
Authors: Shen Xiang , Ma Tengfei , Li Chaowen , Wen Zhanbo , Zheng Jinlin , Zhou Zhenggan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDicentric chromosome analysis is the gold standard for biological dose assessment. To enhance the efficiency of biological dose assessment in large-scale radiation catastrophes, automatic identification of dicentric chromosome images is a promising and objective method. In this paper, an automatic identification method for dicentric chromosome images using two-stage convolutional neural network is proposed based on Giemsa-stained automatic microscopic imaging. To automatically segment the adhesive chromosome masses, ak-means based adaptive image segmentation and watershed segmentation algorithm is applied. The first-stage CNN is used to identify the dicentric chromosome images from all the images and the second-stage CNN works to specifically identify the dicentric chromosome images. This two-stage CNN identification method can effectively detects chromosome images with concealed centromeres, poorly expanded and long-armed entangled chromosomes, and tricentric chromosomes. The novel two-stage CNN method has a chromosome identification accuracy of 99.4%, a sensitivity of 85.8% sensitivity, and a specificity of 99.6%, effectively reducing the false positive rate of dicentric chromosome. The analysis speed of this automatic identification method can be 20 times quicker than manual detection, providing a valuable reference for other image identification situations with small target rates.
AI-accelerated protein-ligand docking for SARS-CoV-2 is 100-fold faster with no significant change in detection
Authors: Clyde Austin , Liu Xuefeng , Brettin Thomas , Yoo Hyunseung , Partin Alexander , Babuji Yadu , Blaiszik Ben , Mohd-Yusof Jamaludin , Merzky Andre , Turilli Matteo , Jha Shantenu , Ramanathan Arvind , Stevens Rick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein-ligand docking is a computational method for identifying drug leads. The method is capable of narrowing a vast library of compounds down to a tractable size for downstream simulation or experimental testing and is widely used in drug discovery. While there has been progress in accelerating scoring of compounds with artificial intelligence, few works have bridged these successes back to the virtual screening community in terms of utility and forward-looking development. We demonstrate the power of high-speed ML models by scoring 1 billion molecules in under a day (50 k predictions per GPU seconds). We showcase a workflow for docking utilizing surrogate AI-based models as a pre-filter to a standard docking workflow. Our workflow is ten times faster at screening a library of compounds than the standard technique, with an error rate less than 0.01% of detecting the underlying best scoring 0.1% of compounds. Our analysis of the speedup explains that another order of magnitude speedup must come from model accuracy rather than computing speed. In order to drive another order of magnitude of acceleration, we share a benchmark dataset consisting of 200 million 3D complex structures and 2D structure scores across a consistent set of 13 million “in-stock” molecules over 15 receptors, or binding sites, across the SARS-CoV-2 proteome. We believe this is strong evidence for the community to begin focusing on improving the accuracy of surrogate models to improve the ability to screen massive compound libraries 100 × or even 1000 × faster than current techniques and reduce missing top hits. The technique outlined aims to be a fast drop-in replacement for docking for screening billion-scale molecular libraries.
Mind evolutionary algorithm optimization in the prediction of satellite clock bias using the back propagation neural network
Authors: Bai Hongwei , Cao Qianqian , An Subang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSatellite clock bias is the key factor affecting the accuracy of the single point positioning of a global navigation satellite system. The traditional model back propagation (BP) neural network is prone to local optimum problems. This paper presents a prediction model and algorithm for the clock bias of the BP neural network based on the optimization of the mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA), which is used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network. The accuracy of the comparison between clock bias data is verified with and without one-time difference processing. Compared with grey model (GM (1,1)) and BP neural network, this paper discusses the advantages and general applicability of this method from different constellation satellites, different atomic clock type satellites, and the amount of modeling data. The accuracy of the grey model (GM(1,1)), BP, and MEA-BP models for satellite clock bias prediction is analyzed and the root mean square error, range difference error, and the mean of the clock bias data compared. The results demonstrate that the prediction accuracy of the three satellites significantly increased after one-time difference processing and that they have good stability. The prediction accuracy of four sessions of 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h obtained using the MEA-BP model was better than 0.74, 0.80, 1.12, and 0.87 ns, respectively. The MEA-BP model has a specific degree of improvement in the prediction accuracy of the different sessions. Additionally, the prediction accuracy of different models has a specific relationship with the length of the original modeling sequence, of which BP model is the most affected, and MEABP is relatively less affected by the length of the modeling sequence, indicating that the MEA-BP model has strong anti-interference ability.
Screening of novel peptides that specifically interact with vitamin D bound biocomplex proteins
Authors: Kim Taehwan , Lee Jaewoong , Lee Jin-Pyo , Kim Bit-Na , Kim Yang-Hoon , Lee Youn-Sik , Min Jiho 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe majority of the vitamin D that is present in the blood binds to vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and circulates in the form of a complex (VDBP-Complex). Knowing the level of vitamin D in the body is crucial for vitamin D-related treatments so that the right dosage of vitamin D can be given. In other words, it is essential to distinguish between the protein VDBP and the complex form bound to vitamin D. As a novel way for the detection of VDBP-Complex, a more effective phage display methodology was applied in this study along with the addition of two approaches. In order to screen a sequence specific to the target only, the pre-binding method and after-binding method were performed. VDBP-Complex was directly coated on the petri dishes. In order to select phages that specifically bind to the VDBP-Complex, random phages were attached, and selected by 7 times of biopanning. Individual DNA sequences were analyzed for each biopanning to find specific peptide sequences for VDBP-Complex. The affinity of binding phages was verified by ELISA assay using an anti-M13 antibody. The phage having a sequence of SFTKTSTFTWRD (called as M3) has shown the highest binding affinity to VDBP-Complex. As a result of the removal test of VDBP-Complex using magnetic beads conjugated with M3 peptide, it was confirmed that significant decrease of VDBP-Complex. The unique characteristic of the M3 sequence was confirmed through a sequence-modified peptide (SFT motif). That is, it is expected that the M3 peptide may be used to determine the vitamin D levels in the blood.
Microwave-sensor-node integrated into a short-range wireless sensor network
Authors: Hernandez-Aguila Miguel , Olvera-Cervantes Jose-Luis , Perez-Ramos Aldo-Eleazar , Meza-Arenas Juan-Mateo , Corona-Chavez Alonso 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the first microwave-sensor-node integrated into a short-range wireless sensor network based on ZigBee technology. The node includes an analog front-end circuit, a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave generator, an Analog-to-Digital-Converter module, a transceiver, a power unit, a processing unit and a new one-port dielectric permittivity sensor which is able to measuring the separation of structural cracks by the reflection coefficient measured in microwave frequencies. The analog front-end is composed of a pair of power dividers, an isolator and a mixer. The dielectric permittivity sensor is based on a patch antenna of variable length. The processing unit and transceiver are implemented with an Arduino UNO and an XBee module respectively. Additionally, the methodology for data processing is presented and the results of the measurement of a synthetic crack are presented. The results show that the system was successfully implemented with a sensitivity of 0.07 GHz/mm, for an opening range of between 0 and 5 mm and for a frequency range ranging from 2.782 GHz to 3.131 GHz. It is important to mention that the measurement was done remotely, placing the sensor 3 m from the client PC.
A granular mechanics model study of the influence of non-spherical shape on aggregate collisions
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Rahul , Urbassek Herbert M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCollisions between granular aggregates influence the size distribution of dust clouds. Granular aggregates may possess non-spherical shapes as a result of, for instance, previous collision processes. Here, we study aggregate collisions using a granular mechanics simulation code. Collisions between spherical aggregates are compared to collisions of ellipsoidal aggregates of equal mass. As the most prominent result, we find that the growth velocity, i.e., the velocity above which the post-collision aggregates are smaller than before collision, is generally reduced for ellipsoidal aggregates. The reason hereto lies in the less compact structure of ellipsoids which allows for a larger degree of fragmentation in a ‘rim peel-off’ mechanism. On the other hand, relative fragment distributions are only little influenced by aggregate shape.
Bacteriological spectrum, extended-spectrum β-lactamase production and antimicrobial resistance pattern among patients with bloodstream infection in Addis Ababa
Authors: Bitew Adane , Adane Amanuel , Abdeta Abera 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBloodstream infection coupled with drug resistance in bloodborne bacteria is a major health problem globally. The current study sought to identify the bacterial spectrum, extended-spectrum -lactamase production, and antimicrobial resistance pattern in patients with bloodstream infection. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Arsho Advanced Medical Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from January 2019- until July 2020. Blood collected from patients was inoculated into blood culture bottles and incubated appropriately. Identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-production were determined with the VITEK 2 compact system. Of the samples collected, 156 (18.5%) were culture-positive.Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidiswere the dominant isolates. In Gram-negative bacteria, the prevalence of drug resistance was the highest against ampicillin (80.8%) and the lowest against imipenem (5.2%). While in Gram-positive bacteria it was the highest against clindamycin and the lowest against vancomycin and daptomycin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production of Gram-negative bacteria were 41.6% and 34.2%, respectively. The prevalence of bloodstream infection was 18.5%. Serious life-threatening pathogens includingS.aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, andEnterobacter sppwas predominant. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-production were high but prevalence of carbapenem resistance was low. All these situations call for the establishment of strong infection control strategies, a drug regulatory system, and established antibiotic stewardship in healthcare settings.
Enhancing the ecological value of oil palm agriculture through set-asides
Authors: Bicknell Jake E. , O’Hanley Jesse R. , Armsworth Paul R. , Slade Eleanor M. , Deere Nicolas J. , Mitchell Simon L. , Hemprich-Bennett David , Kemp Victoria , Rossiter Stephen J. , Lewis Owen T. , Coomes David A. , Agama Agnes L. , Reynolds Glen , Struebig Matthew J. , Davies Zoe G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgricultural expansion is the primary driver of ecological degradation across the tropics. Set-asides—uncultivated parts of agricultural landscapes, often on steep slopes and alongside rivers—may alleviate environmental impacts but can reduce the area cultivated. Here we model an approach to configuring set-asides aimed at optimizing ecological outcomes (biodiversity, above-ground carbon storage and nutrient cycling) without reducing net cultivation area. We compare set-asides in an oil palm landscape where all plantations adopt the same configuration (‘uniform’ approach) with a scenario where there can be variation in configuration among plantations (‘variable’ approach). We find that all set-aside configurations support substantial ecological values but that the best strategies involve set-asides, particularly alongside rivers, that are spatially targeted and variable among plantations. This ‘variable’ approach can increase ecological outcomes twofold over the ‘uniform’ approach without reducing net cultivation area. Our findings underscore the potential importance of well-planned set-asides for enhancing agricultural sustainability.
Large-area synthesis and transfer of multilayer hexagonal boron nitride for enhanced graphene device arrays
Authors: Fukamachi Satoru , Solís-Fernández Pablo , Kawahara Kenji , Tanaka Daichi , Otake Toru , Lin Yung-Chang , Suenaga Kazu , Ago Hiroki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMultilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) can be used to preserve the intrinsic physical properties of other two-dimensional materials in device structures. However, integrating the material into large-scale two-dimensional heterostructures remains challenging due to the difficulties in synthesizing high-quality large-area multilayer hBN and combining it with other two-dimensional material layers of the same scale. Here we show that centimetre-scale multilayer hBN can be synthesized on iron–nickel alloy foil by chemical vapour deposition, and then used as a substrate and as a surface-protecting layer in graphene field-effect transistors. We also develop an integrated electrochemical transfer and thermal treatment method that allows us to create high-performance graphene/hBN heterostacks. Arrays of graphene field-effect transistors fabricated by conventional and scalable methods show an enhancement in room-temperature carrier mobility when hBN is used as an insulating substrate, and a further increase—up to a value of 10,000 cm2 V−1 s−1—when graphene is encapsulated with another hBN sheet.
Non-invasive mapping of systemic neutrophil dynamics upon cardiovascular injury
Authors: Bouvain Pascal , Ding Zhaoping , Kadir Shiwa , Kleimann Patricia , Kluge Nils , Tiren Zeynep-Büsra , Steckel Bodo , Flocke Vera , Zalfen Ria , Petzsch Patrick , Wachtmeister Thorsten , John Gordon , Subramaniam Nirojah , Krämer Wolfgang , Strasdeit Tobias , Mehrabipour Mehrnaz , Moll Jens M. , Schubert Rolf , Ahmadian Mohammad Reza , Bönner Florian , Boeken Udo , Westenfeld Ralf , Engel Daniel Robert , Kelm Malte , Schrader Jürgen , Köhrer Karl , Grandoch Maria , Temme Sebastian , Flögel Ulrich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeutrophils play a complex role during onset of tissue injury and subsequent resolution and healing. To assess neutrophil dynamics upon cardiovascular injury, here we develop a non-invasive, background-free approach for specific mapping of neutrophil dynamics by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging using targeted multimodal fluorine-loaded nanotracers engineered with binding peptides specifically directed against murine or human neutrophils. Intravenous tracer application before injury allowed non-invasive three-dimensional visualization of neutrophils within their different hematopoietic niches over the entire body and subsequent monitoring of their egress into affected tissues. Stimulated murine and human neutrophils exhibited enhanced labeling due to upregulation of their target receptors, which could be exploited as an in vivo readout for their activation state in both sterile and nonsterile cardiovascular inflammation. This non-invasive approach will allow us to identify hidden origins of bacterial or sterile inflammation in patients and also to unravel cardiovascular disease states on the verge of severe aggravation due to enhanced neutrophil infiltration or activation.
Wideband bandpass filters with suppressed harmonics using vertically installed planar structures
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Kun , Wang Zheng‐Bin , Zhang Ye‐Rong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article presents a closed‐form synthesis method for wideband bandpass filters with suppressed harmonics, where stepped‐impedance resonators (SIRs), scaled lines, and vertically installed planar (VIP) structures are introduced to improve the in‐band and out‐of‐band performances. By combining SIRs and scaled lines, the rejection level of the filter is greatly improved and a more compact size is achieved. And the VIP structures help to bring wide passband as well as suppressed harmonics. Then, a 3rd‐order filter is designed to verify the validity of the proposed method and topology. The simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed design has a wide passband (FBW = 52.9%), low insertion loss (<0.4 dB), and suppressed harmonics with the level of 20 dB up to 7.1f0.
Degree of stochastic asymmetry in the tidal tails of star clusters
Authors: Pflamm-Altenburg J. , Kroupa P. , Thies I. , Jerabkova T. , Beccari G. , Prusti T. , Boffin H. M. J. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Tidal tails of star clusters are commonly understood to be populated symmetrically. Recently, the analysis of Gaia data revealed large asymmetries between the leading and trailing tidal tail arms of the four open star clusters Hyades, Praesepe, Coma Berenices, and NGC 752.
Aims. As the evaporation of stars from star clusters into the tidal tails is a stochastic process, the degree of stochastic asymmetry is quantified in this work.
Methods. For each star cluster, 1000 configurations of test particles were integrated in the combined potential of a Plummer sphere and the Galactic tidal field over the lifetime of the particular star cluster. For each of the four star clusters, the distribution function of the stochastic asymmetry was determined and compared with the observed asymmetry.
Results. The probabilities for a stochastic origin of the observed asymmetry of the four star clusters are ≈1.7σ for Praesepe, ≈2.4σ for Coma Berenices, ≈6.7σ for Hyades, and ≈1.6σ for NGC 752.
Conclusions. In the case of Praesepe, Coma Berenices, and NGC 752, the observed asymmetry can be interpreted as a stochastic evaporation event. However, for the formation of the asymmetric tidal tails of the Hyades, additional dynamical processes beyond a pure statistical evaporation effect are required.
L’hypophyse dévoilée : du couplage stimulation-sécrétion aux réseaux cellulaires câblant la glande
Authors: Mollard Patrice 
Published: February 2023

L’année 2021 s’est terminée par un événement de grande tristesse : le décès d’Andrée Tixier-Vidal. Elle fut non seulement une pionnière en biologie cellulaire mais également la promotrice charismatique de fédérations collaboratives multidisciplinaires particulièrement stimulantes et fructueuses. Cette note en retrace les succès en termes de découvertes à la fois sur le couplage stimulation-sécrétion des cellules endocrines de l’hypophyse et sur l’organisation de ces cellules hypophysaires en réseaux 3D multicellulaires à l’origine des sécrétions pulsées des hormones hypophysaires qui contrôlent des fonctions de base de l’organisme comme la croissance corporelle et la reproduction.
Des einen Freud, des anderen Leid
Authors: Hertlein Margit 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungTägliche Routinen oder lieber ständig wechselnde Herausforderungen: Was den einen langweilt, empfindet der andere als befriedigend. Und das ist gut so, wenn die Aufgaben im Team denn entsprechend verteilt sind! Hier einige Anregungen für den Alltag.
Measures of Pregnancy Intention: Why Use Them and What Do They Tell Us?
Authors: Dorney Edwina , Barrett Geraldine , Hall Jennifer , Black Kirsten I. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding pregnancy intention is an important public health measure that captures the ability of individuals to access information, resources, and services needed to plan the timing and spacing of pregnancies. Pregnancy intention is a complex construct impacted by social, emotional, financial, cultural, and contextual factors. In this review, we will examine the range of available tools for individuals and populations to evaluate pregnancy intention, the timing of the tools in relation to pregnancy, their interpretation, and use for policy and practice. Traditionally, pregnancy intention was only assessed in population health surveys; however, more sophisticated tools and measures have been developed. These tools can be used at several time points: before pregnancy, during pregnancy, or after the pregnancy has ended. It is important to appreciate the varied contexts globally for women and their partners when assessing pregnancy intention, and the ability of a given tool to capture this when used retrospectively or prospectively. These tools can inform targeted delivery of services for a person or couple before, during, and after pregnancy. This knowledge can inform strategies at an individual, community, and population level as an indicator of access to sexual and reproductive health information and knowledge and uptake of preconception health.
Measuring 3D pyroelectric distributions with high resolution in thin films by a laser scanning microscope
Authors: Smykalla D. , Ploss B. , Meyer D. C. , Stelter M. , Engel S. 
Published: February 2023

A laser scanning microscope for measuring 3D pyroelectric distributions inside thin vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer films using the Laser Intensity Modulation Method was developed. The setup consists of a laser unit, a laser driver, an xyz-stepper motor unit, a transimpedance amplifier, and a lock-in amplifier. The focus lens at the laser unit is fixed by magnetic levitation and can correct a defocusing of the system or a tilt of the sample surface. It has been demonstrated in different samples that the system has a lateral resolution of 1 μm for measuring the topological surface structure or the pyroelectric distributions. The self-developed laser driver and transimpedance amplifier combined with a fast lock-in amplifier are able to measure small pyroelectric currents and their variation inside a pyroelectric sample in the range of some 1 pA. The maximum measure frequency of 4 MHz and the fast lock-in make it possible to measure the 3D pyroelectric distributions with high resolution. A 3D scan of 30 different layers with depths of 100 nm–5 μm inside the sample and 100 × 100 points in the xy-direction per layer is performed in 3 days.