bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microcomputed tomographic analysis of the efficiency of two retreatment techniques in removing root canal filling materials from mandibular incisors
Authors: Yang Xueqin , Wang Ye , Ji Mengzhen , Li Yanyao , Wang Hao , Luo Tao , Gao Yuan , Zou Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the removal effect of the ProTaper Next system (PTN) combined with manual nickel-titanium Hedström (MNiTiH) files or chloroform on filling materials of mandibular incisors by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Sixty-four extracted human mandibular incisors were finally selected and assigned to two groups (n = 32) based on root canal morphology after instrumentation. Two subgroups (n = 16) were formed based on two retreatment methods. The volume of residual filling materials (RFMs) and the surface area covered by RFMs were analyzed by micro-CT, the apical extrusion and the time taken for removing the filling materials were recorded. A smaller percentage of the volume of RFMs and less surface area covered by RFMs occurred in PTN combined with MNiTiH groups and round-shaped canal incisors (P < 0.05). The time taken for removing the filling materials was not significantly different in all groups (P > 0.05). The apical extrusion was significantly less in PTN combined with MNiTiH groups than in PTN combined with chloroform groups (P < 0.05). Neither of the two methods rendered root canals completely free from filling materials. PTN combined with MNiTiH could reduce the apical extrusion and remove filling materials more efficiently than PTN combined with chloroform.
Development of prevention strategies against bath-related deaths based on epidemiological surveys of inquest records in Kagoshima Prefecture
Authors: Katsuyama Midori , Higo Eri , Miyamoto Machiko , Nakamae Takuma , Onitsuka Daiko , Fukumoto Akiko , Yatsushiro Masahiko , Hayashi Takahito 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSudden death in the bathroom (bath-related death) occurs more frequently in Japan than in other countries. To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of bath-related deaths, we reviewed inquest records of deaths in Kagoshima Prefecture from 2006 to 2019. We identified 2689 cases of bath-related death. Of these cases, 90% were among people aged ≥ 65 years. The majority occurred in a home bathtub between 16:00 and 20:00. Most deaths (52.0%) occurred in winter (December–February), and there were extremely strong negative correlations with the environmental temperatures (maximum, minimum, and mean) on the day of death. We identified the environmental temperature during cold winter months that bath-related deaths are likely to occur in Kagoshima, although further investigation concerning the effects of other confounding factors is required. Forensic autopsies have only been performed in 29 cases and the cause of death was not diagnosed correctly in the majority of cases. Although autopsies are essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of the deaths, it is difficult to increase the rate of autopsies under the current Japanese death investigation system. Therefore, we suggest that the best way to prevent bath-related death is establishing an “Alert system” based on our results, and to have people refrain from bathing on dangerous days.
Impact of magnesium sulfate therapy in improvement of renal functions in high fat diet-induced diabetic rats and their offspring
Authors: Touliat Mohammad Vahid , Rezazadeh Hossein , Beyki Mehran , Maghareh-Dehkordi Sajad , Sharifi Mohammadreza , Talebi Ardeshir , Soltani Nepton 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe role of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration to prevent diabetic nephropathy (DN) by reducing insulin resistance (IR) and the relationship of this action with gender and the expression of NOX4 and ICAM1 genes in the parents and their offspring were studied. Males and females rat, and their pups were used. Type 2 diabetes induced by high-fat diet (HFD) administration and a low dose of streptozotocin. Animals were divided into the: non-treated diabetic (DC), the diabetic group received insulin (Ins), and the diabetic group received MgSO4. Two groups of parents received just a normal diet (NDC). Following each set of parents for 16 weeks and their pups for 4 months, while eating normally. We assessed the amount of water consumed, urine volume, and blood glucose level. The levels of glucose, albumin, and creatinine in the urine were also measured, as well as the amounts of sodium, albumin, and creatinine in the serum. Calculations were made for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the excretion rates of Na and glucose fractions (FE Na and FE G, respectively). The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was done. NOX4 and ICAM1 gene expressions in the kidney were also measured. MgSO4 or insulin therapy decreased blood glucose, IR, and improved GFR, FE Na, and FE G in both parents and their offspring compared to D group. MgSO4 improved NOX4 and ICAM1 gene expressions in the parents and their offspring compared to D group. Our results indicated that MgSO4 could reduce blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, and it could improve kidney function.
Melatonin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress via mitochondrial STAT3 signaling in human prostate stromal cells
Authors: Hyun Moonjung , Kim Hyejin , Kim Jehein , Lee Juhong , Lee Ho Jeong , Rathor Laxmi , Meier Jeremy , Larner Andrew , Lee Seon Min , Moon Yeongyu , Choi Jungil , Han Sung Min , Heo Jeong-Doo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMelatonin protects against Cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity, a ubiquitous environmental toxicant that causes adverse health effects by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that Cd exposure reduces the levels of mitochondrially-localized signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (mitoSTAT3) using human prostate stromal cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Melatonin enhances mitoSTAT3 abundance following Cd exposure, which is required to attenuate ROS damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell death caused by Cd exposure. Moreover, melatonin increases mitochondrial levels of GRIM-19, an electron transport chain component that mediates STAT3 import into mitochondria, which are downregulated by Cd. In vivo, melatonin reverses the reduced size of mouse prostate tissue and levels of mitoSTAT3 and GRIM-19 induced by Cd exposure. Together, these data suggest that melatonin regulates mitoSTAT3 function to prevent Cd-induced cytotoxicity and could preserve mitochondrial function during Cd-induced stress.
Astrochemistry
Authors: Williams David A , Cecchi-Pestellini Cesare 
Published: February 2023

Ever wondered if the chemical processes taking place in space could be related to the origins of life?
The authors of this book, both experienced astrochemists, embark on a discussion to find the answers to this question and more, and include a general introduction to astrochemistry for chemistry students. They explore chemistry occurring in the universe from its very early beginnings until the present era.
Based on our current understanding, astrochemistry is known to occur in interstellar gas, on dust grains and in interstellar ices, in stellar atmospheres and envelopes, in dense star- and planet-forming regions, and on planets and other bodies in planetary systems. Recent observational discoveries supported by remarkable laboratory work emphasize chemical complexity, leading to answers to the tantalizing question: can this complexity be related to the origin of life?
This book provides the tools to enable chemistry students to make their own computational investigations of astrochemistry and directs study across the chemical sciences and astronomy. Concentrating on fundamental processes, this book is a useful teaching aid.
Ferredoxin 1 regulates granulosa cell apoptosis and autophagy in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Xing Jinshan , Qiao Gan , Luo Xin , Liu Shuang , Chen Shaokun , Ye Geng , Zhang Chunxiang , Yi Jingyan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common reproductive endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, causes anovulatory infertility. Increased apoptosis of granulosa cells has been identified as one of the key factors contributing to abnormal follicular development. Ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) encodes a small ferredoxin that is involved in the reduction in mitochondrial cytochromes and the synthesis of various steroid hormones and has the potential to influence the function of granulosa cells. In the present study, we aimed to determine the relationship between FDX1 and follicular granulosa cell function. To this end, we investigated the difference between FDX1 expression in the granulosa cells of 50 patients with PCOS and that of the controls. Furthermore, we sought to elucidate the role and mechanism of FDX1 in PCOS granulosa cells by establishing a mouse PCOS model with dehydroepiandrosterone and KGN (a steroidogenic human granulosa cell-like tumor cell line). The results indicated significant up-regulation of FDX1 in the granulosa cells after androgen stimulation. Knockdown of FDX1 promoted the proliferation of KGN and inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, FDX1 could regulate autophagy by influencing the autophagy proteins ATG3 and ATG7. Our results demonstrated that FDX1 plays a critical role in female folliculogenesis by mediating apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation. Therefore, FDX1 may be a potential prognostic factor for female infertility.
Effective utilization of grid‐forming cloud hybrid energy storage systems in islanded clustered dc nano‐grids for improving transient voltage quality and battery lifetime
Authors: Ghorashi Khalil Abadi Seyyed Ali , Bidram Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes and develops the idea of using a community supercapacitor (SC) in an islanded DC multiple nano‐grids (MNG) system. In the proposed structure, the community SC works in tandem with the community/cloud battery energy storage system (CBESS) of the DC MNG. This combination forms a grid‐forming battery‐supercapacitor cloud hybrid energy storage system (CHESS), which is responsible for maintaining the voltage stability and power balance at the common DC bus of the MNG system. Also, to effectively utilize the SC capacity, this paper proposes a modified control structure for each DC nano‐grid enabling the local BESS units to coordinate with the community SC. Then, it is shown that, in the proposed grid‐forming CHESS technology, the output power of all the local and community BESS units has significantly smoother power variations leading to a higher battery lifetime. Additionally, it is shown that the proposed CHESS technology can improve the voltage stability of the system leading to higher voltage quality. Moreover, it is discussed analytically that the proposed CHESS technology requires less energy storage capacity for the community SC compared to its equivalent MNG with a distributed SC architecture. Finally, these results are verified by simulating two case‐study MNGs in MATLAB/Simulink.
The new detection of blue straggler stars in 50 open clusters using Gaia DR3
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhong Jing , Qin Songmei , Chen Li 
Published: February 2023

Context. The particularly abundant presence of blue straggler stars (BSS) in Galactic open clusters offers favorable conditions for detailed studies on the statistical properties and the origin of the blue straggler population. With the help of Gaia DR3, the number of identified open clusters continuously increases, and the determination of star cluster members is more reliable.
Aims. We performed a more thorough search for BSS in newly found open clusters based on Gaia data.
Methods. We implemented a uniform membership determination for over one thousand newly identified open clusters with larger sky coverage based on the astrometric and photometric data from Gaia DR3. The membership probabilities of stars were assigned by the pyUPMASK algorithm. Then we estimated the physical parameters of these clusters by isochrone fitting on their CMDs and picked out BSS in the specific region of these CMDs.
Results. We identified 138 BSS that had not been reported before in 50 open clusters.
Conclusions. Compared with recent catalogs that present more than 1500 BSS in 339 open clusters, our new catalog increased the number of BSS in Galactic open clusters by about 10%, and the number of open clusters with BSS by nearly 17%. In the future, more accurate abundance measurements are anticipated to better probe the origin of BSS in open clusters.
Validation of the European Portuguese Language Version of the Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey
Authors: Machado André Sousa , Santos Mariline , Silva Ana , Saltychev Mikhail , Meireles Luis , Most Sam , Ferreira Miguel Gonçalves 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS) questionnaire is a tool developed to evaluate functional and aesthetic components of rhinoplasty. It is a reliable patient-reported outcome measure, not available in the European Portuguese language. Our goal was to translate and culturally adapt the SCHNOS questionnaire to the European Portuguese language. The questionnaire was forward and backward translated and culturally adapted to the European Portuguese language following international guidelines. The authors evaluated internal consistency, correlation, and reproducibility to determine the validity of the questionnaire. The final European Portuguese version of the SCHNOS was administered to 58 native European Portuguese speakers. Both the SCHNOS-O (obstructive) and SCHNOS-C (cosmetic) showed high internal consistency with Cronbach's α of 0.93 and 0.95, respectively. Also, for the entire SCHNOS, Cronbach's α was 0.96. All the items demonstrated good item-test and item-rest correlations with the differences between pre- and postestimates being nonsignificant. The translation, adaption, and validation of the SCHNOS into European Portuguese were successfully performed. This provides another tool to help evaluate the functional and aesthetic outcomes of rhinoplasty patients.
The Assessment of Affective Responses within Exercise Prescription: A
Narrative Review
Authors: Hartman Mark E. , Hernandez Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe assessment of affective responses (pleasure-displeasure) to exercise, is a
useful tool for tailoring exercise prescription. Ideally, the proper
prescription is a balance between minimizing risks, such as negative affect and
dropout, and maximizing gains, such as improvements in health and fitness.
Measuring affective responses to exercise facilitates the process of
self-regulation. When individuals have the autonomy to select the exercise
intensity, they are more likely to have a positive exercise experience and
adhere to the program. The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has put
forth guidelines on how to incorporate affective responses within exercise
prescription. The primary purpose of this review is to expand upon the
techniques and recommendations provided by the ACSM on the topic of affective
responses. Topics include an overview of the existing research of affective
responses to exercise intensity, the impact of affective responses on motivation
and exercise behaviors, and recommendations of specific techniques for
measuring, monitoring, and evaluating affective responses within an exercise
prescription.
What did those who were “Present at the Transition” Miss? The Creation of Powerful Presidential Families in Central Asia
Authors: Pomfret Richard 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA striking feature of Havrylyshyn's book present at the transition is the space and emphasis that he gives to elites. He contrasts the new rich in Central European Big Bang countries, who formed a capitalist class that supported further reforms and consolidation of the new economic system, with the new rich in countries with gradual reforms or where an early Big Bang was aborted and old communist-era elites were able to short-circuit the reform process. This paper argues that, although Havrylyshyn's focus on the oligarchs of Russia and Ukraine may be justified by their status as the two largest Soviet successor states, they were not typical of the non-Baltic former Soviet republics. In the Central Asian countries and Azerbaijan, extreme wealth has become concentrated in the presidential families and their associates. This pattern has had specific and pernicious consequences.
FLASH free electron laser pump-probe laser concept based on spectral broadening of high-power ytterbium picosecond systems in multi-pass cells
Authors: Viotti A.-L. , Alisauskas S. , Seidel M. , Tajalli A. , Manschwetus B. , Cankaya H. , Jurkus K. , Sinkus V. , Hartl I. 
Published: February 2023

Within the FLASH2020+ upgrade, the pump-probe laser capabilities of the extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) FLASH in Hamburg will be extended. In particular, providing wavelength tunability, shorter pulse durations, and reduced arrival time jitter will increase the scientific opportunities and the time resolution for the XFEL-optical laser pump-probe experiments. We present here a novel concept for the pump-probe laser at FLASH that is based on the post-compression of picosecond pulses emitted from high-power Ytterbium:YAG slab amplifiers. Flexible reduction of the pulse duration is facilitated by spectral broadening in pressure-tunable multi-pass cells. As an application, we show the pumping of a commercial optical parametric amplifier with 150 fs post-compressed pulses. By means of an additional difference frequency generation stage, tunable spectral coverage from 1.3 to 16 μm is reached with multi-μJ, sub-150 fs pulses. Finally, a modular reconfiguration approach to the optical setups close to the free-electron laser instruments is implemented. This enables fast installation of the nonlinear frequency converters at the end stations for user operation and flexibility between different instruments in the two experimental halls.
Nucleation kinetics model for primary crystallization in Al–Y–Fe metallic glass
Authors: Duan Tianrui , Shen Ye , Imhoff Seth D. , Yi Feng , Voyles Paul M. , Perepezko John H. 
Published: February 2023

The high density of aluminum nanocrystals (&gt;1021 m−3) that develop during the primary crystallization in Al-based metallic glasses indicates a high nucleation rate (∼1018 m−3 s−1). Several studies have been advanced to account for the primary crystallization behavior, but none have been developed to completely describe the reaction kinetics. Recently, structural analysis by fluctuation electron microscopy has demonstrated the presence of the Al-like medium range order (MRO) regions as a spatial heterogeneity in as-spun Al88Y7Fe5 metallic glass that is representative for the class of Al-based amorphous alloys that develop Al nanocrystals during primary crystallization. From the structural characterization, an MRO seeded nucleation configuration is established, whereby the Al nanocrystals are catalyzed by the MRO core to decrease the nucleation barrier. The MRO seeded nucleation model and the kinetic data from the delay time (τ) measurement provide a full accounting of the evolution of the Al nanocrystal density (Nv) during the primary crystallization under isothermal annealing treatments. Moreover, the calculated values of the steady state nucleation rates (Jss) predicted by the nucleation model agree with the experimental results. Moreover, the model satisfies constraints on the structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic parameters, such as the critical nucleus size, the interface energy, and the volume-free energy driving force that are essential for a fully self-consistent nucleation kinetics analysis. The nucleation kinetics model can be applied more broadly to materials that are characterized by the presence of spatial heterogeneities.
Carcass use by mesoscavengers drives seasonal shifts in Australian alpine scavenging dynamics
Authors: Vandersteen James , Fust Christopher , Crowther Mathew S. , Smith Matt , Viola Benjamin , Barton Philip , Newsome Thomas M. 
Published: February 2023

Context Carrion is a high-energy and nutrient-rich resource that attracts a diverse group of vertebrate scavengers. However, despite the carrion pool being highly seasonal in its availability, there is little understanding of how scavengers utilise carcasses across all four seasons. Aim To assess how season influences carcass-detection times by vertebrate scavengers and their rates of scavenging. Methods We used remote cameras to monitor vertebrate scavenging at 15 eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) carcasses in four consecutive seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring; total 58 carcasses) in the Australian Alps. Key results In total, 745 599 remote-camera images were captured, within which 34 vertebrate species were identified, nine of which were recorded to actively scavenge. Time to first detection of carcasses by vertebrate scavengers was 5.3 and 9.6 times longer during summer (average 144 h) than during spring (average 34 h) and winter (average 24 h) respectively. Rates of vertebrate scavenging were highest in winter and spring, with brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) accounting for 78% of all scavenging events during winter, and ravens (Corvus spp.) accounting for 73% during spring. High rates of carcass use by these mesoscavengers may reflect a scarcity of other food sources, the demands of their breeding season, or a relative absence of scavenging by larger dominant species such as dingoes (Canis dingo) and wedge-tailed eagles (Aquila audax). Conclusions These findings demonstrate the highly seasonal nature of vertebrate scavenging dynamics in an alpine ecosystem, and that mesoscavengers, not apex scavengers, can dominate the use of carcasses. Implications Accounting for the effects of season is integral to understanding the way animals utilise carcasses in alpine and other strongly seasonal environments; and for developing further our knowledge of ecosystem processes linked to decomposition.
Toward a non-aprioristic approach to discourse-associated devices
Authors: Panov Vladimir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this methodological contribution, I argue for a new approach to discourse phenomena in typology. In previous research, the main focus was on the study of language-particular discourse-associated devices. At the same time, characteristics of these devices were tacitly treated as universal without conducting proper cross-linguistic research based on a rigorous typological methodology. I argue that the method of comparative concepts (Haspelmath 2010), which is successfully applied in better-explored domains of typology, is equally functional in the domain of discourse. Crucially, I demonstrate the importance of treating the formal and the functional side of linguistic devices, or constructions, separately.
From an adverb/postposition ‘behind’ to a discourse marker
Authors: Maisak Timur A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The paper describes two uses of the discourse particle reχu in Andi (Nakh-Daghestanian, Avar-Andic), namely the consecutive, or sequential, use found in the non-final clauses of multiclausal sentences and reinforcing the idea of temporal sequence (‘and then’), and the pragmatic use with retrospective contrastive meaning, predominantly found in imperatives and questions. A diachronic scenario is proposed for the development of the particle: first from spatial adverb/postposition ‘behind’ to temporal adverb/postposition ‘after’, then from clause-initial ‘then’ to clause-final sequential marker, then from longer to shorter sequential marker and, finally, from enclitic sequential marker to enclitic pragmatic particle. This evolution is accompanied by semantic, morphosyntactic and phonological changes typical of grammaticalization, and is supported by both intragenetic evidence and cross-linguistic parallels.