bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of pressure on the lambda‐transition in ammonium chloride
Authors: Trappeniers N. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe λ‐transition in ammonium chloride around −30.3 °C is a prototype for the study of order‐disorder transitions in crystals. Although a great deal of experimental and theoretical work has been devoted to this transition, few data are available about its behaviour at high pressures. In this paper shall report briefly on measurements of the change in transition enthalpy and entropy under pressure. Also a set of preliminary measurements is presented of the spin lattice relaxation time in ammonium chloride as function of temperature and pressure. In contrast with earlier measurements by Purcell and coworkers it is found that the spin lattice relaxation time at the λ‐point shows a distinct discontinuity and an increase by about a factor 2. The shift in this discontinuity with pressure agrees well with the thermodynamical measurements.
Supraleitung und Debye‐Temperatur der Hochdruckmodifikation von Zinn
Authors: Wittig J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVon Stager, Balchan und Drickamer wurde im Jahre 1962 über die Entdeckung einer Phasenumwandlung in Zinn berichtet, deren Umwandlungsdruck bei Raumtemperatur etwa 110–115 kbar beträgt. Die Struktur dieser Phase konnte inzwischen von Jamieson als kubisch raumzentriert bestimmt werden. Da der große Einfluß der Struktur insbesondere der Veränderungen in der Koordinationszahl auf die Supraleitungseigenschaften der Elemente in den letzten Jahren durch viele Experimente belegt wurde, konnte ein solcher auch bei dieser Sn‐Hochdruckphase vermutet werden.Die Erzeugung des erforderlichen Druckes gelang in einer modifizierten Bridgman‐Druckapparatur, wobei der Ablauf der Phasenumwandlung mittels einer vierkontaktigen Widerstandsmessung registriert werden konnte. Die Apparatur gestattet Abkühlung der Probe auf Heliumtemperatur unter Aufrechterhaltung des Druckes. Die Messungen ergaben für die Hochdruckphase des Zinns die hohe Übergangstemperatur von 5,3 °K und einen Druckkoeffizienten von d Tdp = ‐ 1.0 · 10−5 °K/atm im Druckbereich 120–160 kbar. Aus dem linearen Widerstandstemperaturverlauf kann auf cine verringerte charakteristische Temperatur Θ der Hochdruckphase geschlossen werden, die nach der oft diskutierten Isomorphie der Elemente der vierten Gruppe vielleicht zu erwarten ist.Ausführliche Veröffentlichung in Z. Physik 195, 228 (1966).
Kinetik und Mechanismus der Elektronübertragung bei der Fluoreszenzlöschung in Acetonitril
Authors: Rehm Dieter , Weller Albert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie Fluoreszenz aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe und Azaverbindungen A, wird durch typische Elektrondonoren D (amino‐ und methoxy‐substituierte Benzole) in polaren Lösungsmitteln dynamisch gelöscht. Ein Vergleich der in (sauerstoff‐freiem) Acetonitril gemessenen Geschwindigkeitskonstanten kq der Fluoreszenzlöschung mit der aus spektroskopischen und elektrochemischen (Redoxpotentialen) Daten berechneten freien Enthalpieänderung Δ G23 für die Elektronübertragung im Begegnungskomplex:magnified imagezeigt, daß die Löschreaktion diffusionsbestimmt verläuft (kq = 1,6 · 1010 M−1 sec−1), wenn Δ G23 < – 10 kcal/mol, während für Δ G23 > 5 kcal/mol kq proportional zu exp (– Δ G23/RT) abnimmt. Die kinetische Analyse der Meßergebnisse liefert die Beziehung:magnified imagewobei Δ G, die zu k23 gehörende freie Aktivierungsenthalpie eine monotone Funktion von Δ G23 ist und daraus berechnet werden kann. Damit ist es möglich, die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten von Elektronübertragungsreaktionen auf Grund thermodynamischer Daten zu berechnen.Ein über die intermediäre Bildung angeregter EDA‐Komplexe verlaufender Löschmechanismus kann ausgeschlossen werden.
The use of semiconductor electrodes in the study of photochemical reactions
Authors: Tributsch H. , Gerischer H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSemiconductor electrodes can act either as donors or acceptors for electron exchange with excited molecules in the electrolyte. Unlike at metal surfaces, reaction with both the ground level and the excited level will not occur simultaneously provided that the semiconductor has a sufficiently large band gap. It is therefore possible to observe the injection of electrons or of holes into the semiconductor. The photocurrents produced in this way can be used to investigate the photochemical behaviour of the excited molecule. A series of examples is given in which the injected photocurrents are increased or decreased by simultaneously occurring reactions between the excited molecules and other species in the electrolyte. The interpretation of the observed effects is compatible with the notions concerning analogous homogeneous photochemical reactions.
Impact of programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) positivity on clinical and molecular features of patients with metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Shin Minkyue , Ahn Soomin , Jung Jaeyun , Hyung Sujin , Kim Kyoung‐Mee , Kim Seung Tae , Kang Won Ki , Lee Jeeyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is an important screening biomarker to select patients with gastric cancer (GC) for optimized treatment, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).MethodsIn this single‐institution retrospective cohort study, patients with metastatic GC with available PD‐L1 results between October 2019 and September 2021 were identified by reviewing their electronic medical records. Genomic data were obtained from the Samsung Medical Center Clinical Sequencing Platform.ResultsAmong the 399 patients, 276 (69%) had a PD‐L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1, 155 (39%) had a CPS between 1 and 5, and 121 (30%) had a CPS ≥5. Of the 121 patients with CPS ≥5, 28 (23%) had a known etiology for “inflamed tumor,” with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) positivity (N = 11) or high tumor mutational burden (TMB) (N = 17), which included microsatellite instability (MSI) (N = 9). PD‐L1 CPS ≥5 was observed in 11/11 (100%) patients with EBV positivity, 9/12 (75%) patients with MSI, and 17/33 (52%) patients with high TMB. For the 108 patients who received ICI therapy, CPS ≥5 was the only predictor significantly associated with survival in multivariable analyses, including TMB, MSI, or EBV. Objective response rate (ORR) was 49% in patients with CPS ≥5, 30% in patients with 1 ≤ CPS <5, and 19% in patients with CPS <1. Among the 31 responders to ICI therapy, 27 (87%) had a CPS of ≥1. Mutations in TET2, IRS2, DOT1L, PTPRT, and LRP1B were associated with a higher ORR (63%–100%), whereas MDC1 mutations were associated with a low ORR (22%).ConclusionsPD‐L1 expression is an independent and sensitive biomarker for ICI therapy. Considering its significant association with several gene alterations, including PIK3CA mutations and MET amplification, combining ICI therapy with other targeted agents may be a promising therapeutic strategy for GC.
Mechanistic study on the anti‐proinflammatory activity of Kunitz type inhibitor fromCaesalpinia decapetalaseeds
Authors: Rajegowda Sachin Honnenahalli , SnehaRani Athahalli Honnagirigowda 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study reports the biochemical characterization and mechanism of action of a novel 19.6 kDa protease inhibitor (PIs) isolated from the seeds ofCaesalpinia decapetalabelonging to the Fabaceae family. A systematic study was performed to ascertain the purity, specificity, biochemical and structural characterization, and its potential in curbing inflammation in vitro conditions. A two‐step chromatography technique was used to purify the PIs. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight were employed to detect the molecular mass of the protein. N‐terminal sequence analysis of the inhibitor showed sequence similarity with the Kunitz family PIs. The in vitro test tube assay was performed for determining the anti‐inflammatory activity and the inhibitor is antiproliferative against macrophage (RAW264.7) and lung cancer cell lines (A549). An effective decrease in the release of inflammatory mediators (NO, IL‐6, TNF‐α) and on the activity of elastase was observed in macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7) which were treated with PIs. The purified inhibitor shows promising results against inflammation.
High Conductivity and Rate Capability of NaNb13O33 Wadsley–Roth Phase as a Fast‐Charging Li‐Ion Anode
Authors: Allen Jan L. , Ren Xiaoming , Nguyen Chi K. , Horn David C. , Sun H. Hohyun , Tran Dat T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and electrochemical insertion of lithium into the Wadsley–Roth NaNb13O33 phase is studied. Lithium intercalation to form LixNaNb13O33 reaches a value of up to x~15, between 3.0 and 1.0 V vs. Li+/Li at a slow cycling rate, a capacity of 233 mAh g−1. Within this voltage window, two sharp peaks and one broad peak are observed in the differential capacity plots of lithium intercalation suggesting multiple two‐phase regions. High Li‐ion conductivity and rate capability was demonstrated. The lithium diffusion constant is about an order of magnitude greater than TiNb2O7. The average voltage is about 1.6 V and its high‐rate capability makes NaNb13O33 potentially useful as an anode in a fast‐charge Li‐ion battery application.
Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidones: Key Step in Biomass Valorization towards Nitrogen‐Containing Chemicals
Authors: Wang Jingfei , Lu Xuebin , Guo Mengyan , Zhang Rui , Xiong Jian , Qiao Yina , Yu Zhihao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNowadays, the field of biomass conversion is gradually moving towards an encouraging stage. The preparation of nitrogen‐containing chemicals using various biomass resources instead of fossil resources do not only reduce carbon emissions, but also diversify the products of biomass conversion, thus increasing the economic competitiveness of biomass refining systems. Levulinic acid (LA) can be used as a promising intermediate in biomass conversion for further synthesis of pyrrolidone via reductive amination. However, there are still many critical issues to be solved. Particularly, the specific effects of catalysts on the performance of LA reductive amination have not been sufficiently revealed, and the potential impacts of key conditional factors have not been clearly elucidated. In view of this, this review attempts to provide theoretical insights through an in‐depth interpretation of the above key issues. The contribution of catalysts to the reductive amination of LA as well as the catalyst structural preferences for improving catalytic performance are discussed. In addition, the role of key conditional factors is discussed. The insights presented in this review will contribute to the design of catalyst nanostructures and the rational configuration of green reaction conditions, which may provide inspiration to facilitate the nitrogen‐related transformation of more biomass platform molecules.
Critical considerations for communicating environmental DNA science
Authors: Stein Eric D. , Jerde Christopher L. , Allan Elizabeth Andruszkiewicz , Sepulveda Adam J. , Abbott Cathryn L. , Baerwald Melinda R. , Darling John , Goodwin Kelly D. , Meyer Rachel S. , Timmers Molly A. , Thielen Peter M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe economic and methodological efficiencies of environmental DNA (eDNA) based survey approaches provide an unprecedented opportunity to assess and monitor aquatic environments. However, instances of inadequate communication from the scientific community about confidence levels, knowledge gaps, reliability, and appropriate parameters of eDNA‐based methods have hindered their uptake in environmental monitoring programs and, in some cases, has created misperceptions or doubts in the management community. To help remedy this situation, scientists convened a session at the Second National Marine eDNA Workshop to discuss strategies for improving communications with managers. These include articulating the readiness of different eDNA applications, highlighting the strengths and limitations of eDNA tools for various applications or use cases, communicating uncertainties associated with specified uses transparently, and avoiding the exaggeration of exploratory and preliminary findings. Several key messages regarding implementation, limitations, and relationship to existing methods were prioritized. To be inclusive of the diverse managers, practitioners, and researchers, we and the other workshop participants propose the development of communication workflow plans, using RACI (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed) charts to clarify the roles of all pertinent individuals and parties and to minimize the chance for miscommunications. We also propose developing decision support tools such as Structured Decision‐Making (SDM) to help balance the benefits of eDNA sampling with the inherent uncertainty, and developing an eDNA readiness scale to articulate the technological readiness of eDNA approaches for specific applications. These strategies will increase clarity and consistency regarding our understanding of the utility of eDNA‐based methods, improve transparency, foster a common vision for confidently applying eDNA approaches, and enhance their benefit to the monitoring and assessment community.
Lanthanide‐FRET Molecular Beacons for microRNA Biosensing, Logic Operations, and Physical Unclonable Functions
Authors: Dekaliuk Mariia , Hildebrandt Niko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTime‐resolved or time‐gated (TG) biosensing and bioimaging with luminescent lanthanide probes and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) have significantly advanced bioanalytical chemistry. However, the development of lanthanide‐based molecular beacons (MBs) has been rather limited. Here, we designed DNA stem‐loop MB probes against two different microRNAs (miR‐21 and miR‐27b) using Tb and Eu FRET donors and quenching (BHQ2) and fluorescent (Cy3) FRET acceptors. Limits of detection down to 190 pM and duplexed miR‐21/miR‐27b quantification at low nanomolar concentrations with Tb‐BHQ2 and Eu‐BHQ2 TG‐FRET MBs demonstrated the versatility and high analytical performance of lanthanide‐based MBs. The particular donor‐acceptor distances in the Tb‐Cy3 MB resulted in inverted nucleic acid target concentration‐dependent TG PL intensities in short (e. g., 0 to 40 μs) and long (e. g., 0.1 to 2.1 ms) TG detection windows after pulsed excitation. We showed that this specific feature of our TG‐FRET MBs can be adapted to the design of molecular logic devices (NOR, OR, NAND, AND, XNOR, XOR, IMPLEMENT, and INHIBIT). Moreover, the almost unlimited choice of TG detection windows and the distinct spectral features of Tb and Cy3 over a broad visible spectral range could be exploited to devise biophotonic physical unclonable functions for highly secure authentication and identification. Our study manifests the versatility of lanthanides for advanced biophotonic applications.
Territorial ownership perceptions and reconciliation in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict: A person‐centred approach
Authors: Warnke Kaja , Martinović Borja , Rosler Nimrod 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate land ownership claims and reconciliation‐related outcomes in the intractable Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Using a person‐centred approach and drawing on survey data of Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel, we (1) identify profiles with differing ingroup and outgroup ownership perceptions, (2) examine how profile membership depends on group identifications and the endorsement of ownership principles, and (3) assess how reconciliation intentions and support for concrete territorial conflict solutions differ across the profiles. The majority of the Jews (87%) perceived exclusive ingroup ownership of the contested land, whereas 13% perceived shared Jewish and Palestinian ownership. In contrast, most of the Palestinians perceived moderate levels of shared ownership (43%) followed by ingroup ownership (36%), but we also identified profiles with high levels of shared ownership (11%) and exclusive outgroup ownership (10%). We conclude that Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel have different understandings of land ownership. Complex patterns of endorsing various ownership principles and levels of group identifications explained profile membership, mostly in line with our expectations. Importantly, the profiles differed in attitudes towards concrete territorial solutions and intergroup reconciliation, attesting to the relevance of examining ownership perceptions in conflict regions from a person‐centred approach.
Effectiveness of psychoeducation for children, adolescents and caregivers in the treatment of eating disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Kurnik Mesarič Katja , Damjanac Žiga , Debeljak Tjaš , Kodrič Jana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundEating disorders in childhood and adolescence negatively affect many areas of development and functioning of children, adolescents, and their families. Psychoeducation has an important role in management and treatment of eating disorders.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed using multiple databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science). The inclusion criteria comprised empirical studies of psychoeducation for patients with eating disorders or their caregivers. The study reporting quality was assessed with the revised Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool and the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields for non‐randomized studies.ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria, in three of which the interventions were patient‐centred and in seven of which the interventions were caregiver‐centred. The studies differed in terms of methodology, outcome measures, and quality. The results suggest that psychoeducation is an effective intervention for children, adolescents and caregivers in the treatment of eating disorders. It may lead to weight gain, a decrease in eating disorder symptoms, and a reduction in caregiver burden.ConclusionsThere is a need for more randomized controlled trials to determine the effectiveness of psychoeducation for children, adolescents and caregivers in treatment of eating disorders.
Countering crossfire DDoS attacks through moving target defense in SDN networks using OpenFlow traffic modification
Authors: Hyder Muhammad Faraz , Fatima Tasbiha , Khan Shariq Mahmood , Arshad Saadia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoftware‐Defined Networking (SDN) is an evolving networking technique due to its flexibility and programmability. OpenFlow is the primary protocol behind SDN. Moving Target Defense (MTD) is an emerging security technique to counter attacks by dynamically changing the attack surface. SDN‐based MTD security solutions are gaining popularity due to the centralized control and monitoring capabilities of the SDN control plane. Crossfire is a type of indirect Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack intending to impact the neighbors of the actual target. Crossfire DDoS attacks are gaining momentum in recent times. In this paper, a mechanism for the protection of crossfire DDoS attacks is proposed by exploiting OpenFlow‐based traffic modifications. We employed the Moving Target Defense scheme to redirect the traffic from the actual host to the shadow host to counter the crossfire DDoS attack and from the default domain name system port to another predefined port. Traffic redirection helps in diverting the attacker to shadow host and thus getting the incorrect network path and subsequently crossfire attack was unable to be executed properly. The proposed scheme utilized the ONOS cluster with Mininet. The results showed successful traffic redirection for countering the Crossfire DDoS attacks at a low computational cost.
Thermal insulation versus capacitance: A simulation experiment comparing effects of shade and hyporheic exchange on daily and seasonal stream temperature cycles
Authors: Fogg S. Kathleen , Reinhold Ann Marie , O'Daniel Scott J. , Hyman Amanda A. , Poole Geoffrey C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn streams where water temperatures stress native biota, management of riparian shade or hyporheic exchange are both considered viable management strategies for reducing the peaks of daily and seasonal stream channel temperature cycles. Although shade and hyporheic exchange may have similar effects on stream temperatures, their mechanisms differ. Improved understanding of the heat‐exchange mechanisms influenced by shade and hyporheic exchange will aid in the appropriate application of either stream temperature management strategy. To illustrate a conceptual model highlighting shade as ‘thermal insulation’ and hyporheic exchange imparting ‘thermal capacitance’ to a stream reach, we conducted an in‐silico simulation modelling experiment increasing shade or hyporheic exchange parameters on an idealized, hypothetical stream. We assessed the potential effects of increasing shade or hyporheic exchange on a stream reach using an established process‐based heat‐energy budget model of stream‐atmosphere heat exchange and incorporated an advection‐driven hyporheic heat exchange routine. The model tracked heat transport through the hyporheic zone and exchange with the stream channel, while including the effects of hyporheic water age distribution on upwelling hyporheic temperatures. Results showed that shade and hyporheic exchange similarly damped diurnal temperature cycles and differentially altered seasonal cycles of our theoretical stream. In winter, hyporheic exchange warmed simulated channel temperatures whereas shade had little effect. In summer, both shade and hyporheic exchange cooled channel temperatures, though the effects of shade were more pronounced. Our simple‐to‐grasp analogies of ‘thermal insulation’ for shade effects and ‘thermal capacitance’ for hyporheic exchange effects on stream temperature encourage more accurate conceptualization of complex, dynamic heat exchange processes among the atmosphere, stream channel, and alluvial aquifer.