bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Preoperative High-Intensity Interval Training Combined With Team Empowerment Education in Lung Cancer Patients With Surgery
Authors: Lu Han-Bing , Wang Ya-Qing , Liu Xin , Ma Rui-Chen , Yin Ying-Ying , Song Chun-Yu , Yang Ting-Ting , Xie Jiao 
Published: July 2023

Background
Cancer itself and surgery put a heavy burden on lung cancer patients, physiologically and psychologically. Enhancing self-efficacy during high-intensity interval training is essential for achieving the full benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation in lung cancer patients.

Objective
This study aimed to explore the effects of high-intensity interval training combined with team empowerment education on patients with lung resection.

Methods
This is a quasi-experimental trial with a pretest-posttest design. Participants were assigned to one of the 3 groups according to the order of admission: (1) combined intervention group, (2) intervention group, or (3) routine care group. The outcome measures included dyspnea, exercise capacity, exercise self-efficacy, anxiety, depression, postoperative indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube, and total in-hospital stay.

Results
Per-protocol results showed that dyspnea, exercise capacity, exercise self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression of the patients in the combined intervention group were significantly improved. However, no significant difference was observed in postoperative indwelling time of thoracic drainage tube or total in-hospital stay among the 3 groups.

Conclusion
This hospital-based short-term high-intensity interval training combined with team empowerment education for lung cancer patients undergoing surgery was safe and feasible, indicating this program can be a promising strategy to manage perioperative symptoms.

Implications for Practice
This study provides evidence supporting preoperative high-intensity interval training as a promising method to make the best use of preoperative time, thus improving adverse symptoms in lung cancer patients undergoing surgery, and also provides a new strategy to raise exercise self-efficacy and promote patients’ rehabilitation.
Jellybean-Induced Intoxication
Authors: Az Adem 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are illegal substances designed to mimic the effects of natural cannabinoids, typically smoked, although liquid formulations have emerged recently. This report highlights a series of cases ranging from a 2-year-old child to an adult who presented with symptoms of intoxication after consuming jellybeans containing liquefied synthetic cannabinoids. A 2-year-old child exhibited mental status changes, somnolence, tachycardia, dilated pupils, and flushed skin, and the 8- and 11-year-old children presented with anxiety, abdominal pain, vomiting, and nausea. The adult patient was more complicated, as his symptoms were consistent with acute coronary syndrome, but his angiography showed normal coronary arteries. It is important for forensic medical professionals and emergency physicians to be aware of the possibility of unintentional atypical exposure to synthetic cannabinoids and to handle suspected cases with care as part of their medical approach. These substances can have a range of effects on the body, and their use can lead to serious health consequences and even mortality.
“It’s a Different Conversation”: Qualitative Analysis of Pediatric Home-based Hospice/Palliative Care Visits’ Perceived Value
Authors: Grossoehme Daniel H. , Sellers Jaime , Accordino Samuel , Smith Steven M. , Jenkins Rachel , Richner Gwendolyn , Moore-Forbes Yolanda , Friebert Sarah 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Home-based hospice and/or palliative care (HBHPC) is an important and increasingly utilized aspect of care for children with serious conditions—those with high mortality risk, which either impacts their quality of life or carries a significant caregiver burden. Provider home visits are a core feature; however, the travel time and human resource allocation are significant challenges. Balancing the appropriateness of this allocation requires further characterization of the value of home visits to families and identification of the value domains of HBHPC for caregivers. For study purposes, we defined a “home visit” as an in-person visit by a physician or advanced practice provider to a child’s residence.

Methods:
The methods include a qualitative study using semistructured interviews and a grounded theory analytic framework enrolled caregivers of children aged 1 month to 26 years receiving HBHPC from either of 2 U.S. pediatric quaternary institutions between 2016 and 2021.

Results:
Twenty-two participants were interviewed; the mean (SD) interview duration was 52.9 (22.6) minutes. The final conceptual model has 6 major themes: communicating effectively, fostering emotional and physical safety, building and maintaining relationships, empowering the family, seeing the bigger picture, and sharing burdens.

Conclusions:
Caregiver-identified themes demonstrated improved communication, empowerment, and support from receiving HBHPC, which can facilitate enhanced family-centered, goal-concordant care.
No evidence of rapid reversibility of tenofovir alafenamide and/or integrase strand transfer inhibitor-associated weight gain
Authors: Verburgh Myrthe L. , Wit Ferdinand W.N.M. , Boyd Anders , Reiss Peter , Van der Valk Marc 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
We aimed to determine the reversibility of ≥7% weight gain (WG) within 12 months following TAF- and/or INSTI-discontinuation in people with HIV (PWH) from the Dutch ATHENA cohort.

Design and methods:
PWH with ≥7% WG within 24 months after first switch to TAF and/or INSTI whilst being virally suppressed were selected, excluding those with comorbidities/co-medication known to be associated with WG. PWH who discontinued only TAF, only INSTI or TAF+INSTI, with available follow-up weight, were included. Mean weight change in the 24 months prior to and 12 months after discontinuation was modelled using mixed-effects linear regression. Factors associated with yearly weight change were assessed using linear regression.

Results:
In 115 PWH, discontinuing only TAF (n = 39), only INSTI (n = 53) or TAF+INSTI (n = 23), the adjusted mean modelled weight change in the 24 months prior to discontinuation was +4.50 kg [95%CI, 3.04–6.10], +4.80 kg [95%CI, 2.43–7.03] and +4.13 kg [95%CI, 1.50–7.13], respectively, and -1.89 kg [95%CI, -3.40 to -0.37], -1.93 kg [95%CI, -3.92 to +0.07] and -2.55 kg [95%CI, -5.80 to +0.02] in the 12 months post-discontinuation. A greater number of years since HIV diagnosis was associated with greater reversibility of WG. No associations were found between weight change post-discontinuation and changes in NRTI backbone or anchor agent at moment of discontinuation.

Conclusions:
There was no evidence of rapid reversibility of ≥7% TAF- and/or INSTI-associated WG after discontinuation of these agents. Studies of larger and more diverse populations of PWH are required to more fully understand the degree to which WG is reversible when discontinuing TAF and/or INSTI.
Noninfectious causes of fever in hematologic malignancies. Are antibiotics still indicated?
Authors: Shahid Zainab , Epstein David J 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Fever is a common manifestation of both infectious and noninfectious processes in recipients of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. Understanding the diverse causes of fever in these settings allows for accurate diagnosis and optimal use of antibiotics.

Recent findings
Herein we review common noninfectious syndromes seen in HCT and CAR-T recipients and discuss best practices in the management of these complex clinical scenarios regarding diagnosis and antibiotic use. In recent years, adverse effects of antimicrobials have highlighted the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in HCT and CAR-T patients, and an antibiotic de-escalation strategy is a safe and important tool in mitigating these adverse events, even in patients with ongoing neutropenia who become afebrile without a known infection. Common adverse events associated with antibiotics include an increased risk of Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI), a higher incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), and microbiome dysbiosis.

Summary
Clinicians should be aware of noninfectious causes of fever in these immunocompromised patients and utilize best antibiotic practices while managing these patients.
Psychological support for chronic conditions
Authors: Solomons Luke , Farrar Catherine , Carpenter Lindsay 
Published: July 2023

Purpose of review
Haematological conditions are varied, and every condition presents unique psychosocial challenges to patients and their families. There is a growing body of evidence about high levels of psychological distress, negative impact on outcomes and evidence-based treatments, yet service provision is patchy and demand far exceeds supply.

Recent findings
This article focuses on the major subspecialty areas and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities – haematological malignancies, issues related to stem cell transplants, haemoglobinopathies and haemophilia. The subsequent sections focus on common psychiatric comorbidities, considerations across the life span and models of care.

Summary
Anxiety disorders and depression have higher prevalence in people with haematological conditions. The stressors faced by the individual can vary based on their condition and their stage of life. Early diagnosis and integrated management of comorbid psychiatric illness can improve quality of life and clinical outcomes. A stepped care model is recommended to ensure that psychological distress is identified and managed appropriately, and evidence for a collaborative care model is provided.
An analysis of studies pertaining to masks in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Characteristics and quality of all studies from 1978 to 2023
Authors: Høeg Tracy Beth , Haslam Alyson , Prasad Vinay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractImportanceBecause the MMWR has substantial influence on United States public health policy and is not externally peer-reviewed, it is critical to understand the scientific process within the journal. Mask policies during COVID is one topic that has been highly influenced by data published in the MMWR.ObjectiveTo describe and evaluate the nature and methodology of the reports and appropriateness of conclusions in MMWR pertaining to masks.Design, Setting and ParticipantsRetrospective cross-sectional study of MMWR publications pertaining to masks from 1978 to 2023.Main outcome measuresStudy date, design, disease focus, setting, population and location. Whether the study was able to assess mask effectiveness, if results were statistically significant, if masks were concluded to be effective, if randomized evidence and/or conflicting data was mentioned or cited, if causal statements were made about effectiveness, and, if so, whether they were appropriate.Results77 studies, all published after 2019, met our inclusion criteria. 75/77 (97.4%) studies were from the United States alone. All geographic regions and age groups were represented. The most common study design was observational without a comparator group 22/77 (28.6%). The most common setting was the community (35/77;45.5%). 0/77 were randomized studies. 23/77 (29.9%) assessed mask effectiveness, with 11/77 (14.3%) being statistically significant, but 58/77 (75.3%) stated masks were effective. Of these, 41/58 (70.7%) used causal language. Only one mannequin study used causal language appropriately (1.3%). 72/77 (93.5%) pertained to SARS-CoV-2 alone. None cited randomized data. 1/77 (1.3%) cited conflicting evidence.Conclusions and RelevanceMMWR publications pertaining to masks drew positive conclusions about mask effectiveness over 75% of the time despite only 30% testing masks and <15% having statistically significant results. No studies were randomized, yet over half drew causal conclusions. The level of evidence generated was low and the conclusions drawn were most often unsupported by the data. Our findings raise concern about the reliability of the journal for informing health policy.
In VitroModulator Responsiveness of 655CFTRVariants Found in People With CF
Authors: Bihler Hermann , Sivachenko Andrey , Millen Linda , Bhatt Priyanka , Patel Amita Thakerar , Chin Justin , Bailey Violaine , Musisi Isaac , LaPan André , Allaire Normand E. , Conte Joshua , Simon Noah R. , Magaret Amalia S. , Raraigh Karen S. , Cutting Garry R. , Skach William R. , Bridges Robert J. , Thomas Phil J. , Mense Martin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration initiated expansion of drug labels for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) to include CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene variants based onin vitrofunctional studies. This study aims to identifyCFTRvariants that result in increased chloride (Cl-) transport function by the CFTR protein after treatment with the CFTR-modulator combination elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA). These data may benefit people with CF (pwCF) who are not currently eligible for modulator therapies.MethodsPlasmid DNA encoding 655 CFTR variants and wild-type (WT)CFTRwere transfected into Fisher Rat Thyroid cells that do not natively express CFTR. After 24 hours of incubation with control or TEZ and ELX, and acute addition of IVA, CFTR function was assessed using the transepithelial current clamp conductance assay. Each variant’s baseline activity, responsiveness to IVA alone, and responsiveness to the TEZ/ELX/IVA combination were measured in three different laboratories. Western blots were conducted to evaluate CFTR protein maturation and complement the functional data.Results and Conclusions253 variants not currently approved for CFTR modulator therapy showed low baseline activity (<10% of normal CFTR Cl-transport activity). For 152 of these variants, treatment with ELX/TEZ/IVA improved the Cl-transport activity by ≥10% of normal CFTR function, which is suggestive of clinical benefit. ELX/TEZ/IVA increased CFTR function by ≥10 percentage points for an additional 140 unapproved variants with ≥10% but <50% of normal CFTR function at baseline. These findings significantly expand the number of rare CFTR variants for which ELX/TEZ/IVA treatment should result in clinical benefit.
Circulating metabolites ofBorneolum syntheticum(Bingpian) inhibit foam-cell formation in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein
Authors: He Rong-rong , Li Hui , Chu Zi-xuan , Wang Feng-qing , Du Fei-fei , Xu Fang , Wang Jia-qi , Olaleye Olajide E. , Wang Ting , Cheng Chen , Li Chuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoronary heart disease is caused by the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques which narrow the arteries over time. The plaques are formed by cholesterol deposits in the arterial intima and lead to the symptom of angina pectoris.Borneolum syntheticum(Bingpian) has been extensively used as a component in Chinese herbal medicines for cardiovascular diseases. This investigation aimed to examine Bingpian metabolism and its effects on anti-atherosclerotic activities. Major circulating Bingpian compounds were detected in human subjects who received a Bingpian-containing medicine. In vitro and rat studies were also conducted to facilitate the understanding of disposition factors that govern the systemic exposure to Bingpian compounds. Although Bingpian constituents, borneol (1) and isoborneol (2), are efficiently absorbed in the intestine, extensive hepatic first-pass glucuronidation, which is mediated predominantly by UGT2B7, coupled with MRP3 and MRP4-mediated efflux of the glucuronides into the blood, and oxidation, which is mediated by CYP2A6, CYP2B6, and CYP3A, result in the formation of metabolites borneol-2-O-glucuronide (M1G), isoborneol-2-O-glucuronide (M2G), and camphor (3) as the major circulating Bingpian compounds instead of the unchanged1and2. Glucuronides are predominantly eliminated through renal excretion, which involves both glomerular filtration and OAT3- and OAT4-mediated tubular secretion. Furthermore,M1G,M2G, and3, as well as1and2, displayed inhibitory effects on oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam-cell formation in macrophages. The findings emphasized that the metabolites must be given priority in pharmacodynamic studies of Bingpian. Comprehensive integration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies facilitates understanding how Bingpian functions in the body to provide therapeutic benefits.
Population structure can reduce clonal interference when sexual reproduction and dispersal are synchronized
Authors: Liu Qihan , Weissman Daniel B. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn populations with limited recombination, clonal interference among beneficial mutations limits the maximum rate of adaptation. Spatial structure slows the spread of beneficial alleles; in purely asexual populations, this increases the amount of clonal interference. Beyond this extreme case, however, it is unclear how spatial structure and recombination interact to determine the amount of clonal interference. This interaction is particularly interesting because dispersal and recombination are often at least partially synchronized in natural populations, both at the individual and population level, as when plants switch from vegetative growth to sexual reproduction or stress responses increase both motility and recombination in microbes. We simulate island models of populations evolving on a smooth fitness landscape and find that synchronized dispersal and sexual reproduction allow them to adaptfasterthan matched well-mixed populations. This is because the spatial structure preserves genetic diversity, while the synchronization increases the chance that recombination events occur between diverged individuals from different demes, i.e., the pairings where negative linkage disequilibrium can most effectively be reduced.
Detection and editing of the updated plastid- and mitochondrial-encoded proteomes forArabidopsiswith PeptideAtlas
Authors: van Wijk Klaas J. , Bentolila Stephane , Leppert Tami , Sun Qi , Sun Zhi , Mendoza Luis , Li Margaret , Deutsch Eric W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArabidopsis thalianaCol-0 has plastid and mitochondrial genomes encoding for over one hundred proteins and several ORFs. Public databases (e.g.Araport11) have redundancy and discrepancies in gene identifiers for these organelle-encoded proteins. RNA editing results in changes to specific amino acid residues or creation of start and stop codons for many of these proteins, but the impact of such RNA editing at the protein level is largely unexplored due to the complexities of detection. This study first assembled the non-redundant set of identifiers, their correct protein sequences, and 452 predicted non-synonymous editing sites of which 56 are edited at lower frequency. Accumulation of edited and/or unedited proteoforms was then determined by searching ∼259 million raw MSMS spectra from ProteomeXchange as part of Arabidopsis PeptideAtlas (www.peptideatlas.org/builds/arabidopsis/). All mitochondrial proteins and all except three plastid-encoded proteins (NDHG/NDH6, PSBM, RPS16), but none of the ORFs, were identified; we suggest that all ORFs and RPS16 are pseudogenes. Detection frequencies for each edit site and type of edit (e.g.S to L/F) were determined at the protein level, cross-referenced against the metadata (e.g.tissue), and evaluated for technical challenges of detection.167 predicted edit sites were detected at the proteome level. Minor frequency sites were indeed also edited at low frequency at the protein level. However, except for sites RPL5-22 and CCB382-124, proteins only accumulate in edited form (>98 –100% edited) even if RNA editing levels are well below 100%. This study establishes that RNA editing for major editing sites is required for stable protein accumulation.
Novel genetic model of pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: de Pablo Carmen , Casas-Tintó Sergio 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYDiffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a lethal pediatric type of brain tumor that grows in the bm and originated from glial cells. Its location and infiltrative nature impede surgical resection and make the treatment difficult and low effective. In consequence, affected children have a short life expectancy of 12 months. The most frequent mutation is a substitution of lysine to methionine at residue 27 of histone H3 (H3K27M). Secondary mutations in additional genes, includingMyc, are required for the malignancy of glial cells. The lack of studies and tumor aggressiveness make it necessary to generate new experimental models that reproduce the fundamental aspects of the disease and allow to expand the knowledge about DIPG.Drosophila melanogasterpresents advantages as an experimental model and stands out for its genetic tools, easy handling, and great genetic and cellular homology with humans.Drosophilahas contributed to the investigation of different diseases, including glioblastoma (GB) and neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimeŕs or Parkinsońs. Here we present a new genetic model of DIPG generated inDrosophila melanogaster. It is based on the overexpression ofH3K27andMycin glial cells that produce an increase in the number of glial cells in the ventral nerve cord and the expansion of glial membranes in early developmental stages. However, this novel DIPG model does not produce tumoral features in adult brains, in line with the pediatric nature of this disease. We have evaluated the activation of different signaling pathways active in other glial tumors, in this model of DIPG. The results show that, unlike GB, JNK pathway is not upregulated in DIPG, and it is not determinant for the progression of DIPG. Besides, glial cells in the DIPG model accumulate MMP1 and MMP2 and increase the accumulation of Liprin-γ, previously associated to the formation of synaptic structures in GB cells. The results show that DIPG is a unique entity that differs from other high-grade gliomas such as GB and will require of a different therapeutic approach.
Mesophyll-specific overexpressing ofSvHXK6gene improves water use efficiency without yield loss in C4Setaria viridis
Authors: Chaudhari Yogesh , Chen Lily , Salam Shahasad , Paul Matthew , Furbank Robert , Ghannoum Oula 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHexokinases (HXK) were the first sugar signalling proteins identified in plants and are well known for their feedback regulation of photosynthetic gene expression. In some C3plants, HXKs have been found to regulate stomatal function. However, the role of HXK in C4photosynthesis, which is inherently more water use efficient than C3metabolism, remains poorly understood. Here, we report on the first tissue-specific modification of HXK in a C4plant.SvHXK6was expressed in the model C4grassSetaria viridisunder the control of theZmPEPCpromoter (ZmPEPCpro), which directs expression in the leaf mesophyll tissue. ThreeS. viridistransgenic lines with increased abundance ofSvHXK6transcripts in the leaf tissue showed significant reduction in stomatal conductance with minimal effects on leaf CO2assimilation rate. Consequently, the transgenic lines had higher leaf-level water use efficiency relative to the control (wild-type and null) plants. Overexpression ofSvHXK6had no effect on shoot biomass or seed yield of theS. viridisplants. Our study shows conserved function of HXK in regulating stomatal conductance in a C4grass, demonstrating possible widespread utility in improving water use efficiency in C4as well as C3species.