bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shoot differentiation from Dendrocalamus brandisii callus and the related physiological roles of sugar and hormones during shoot differentiation
Authors: Lv Zhuo , Yu Lixia , Zhan Hui , Li Juan , Wang Changming , Huang Ling , Wang Shuguang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Only a few calli regeneration systems of bamboos were successfully established, which limited the research on the physiological mechanism of callus differentiation. In this study, we successfully established the callus differentiation systems of Dendrocalamus brandisii (Munro) via seeds. The results showed that the best medium for the callus induction of D. brandisii seeds was basal Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) media amended with 5.0 mg l−1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l−1 kinetin (KT), and the optimal medium for shoot differentiation was the basal MS media supplemented with 4.0 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and 0.5 mg l−1 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Callus tissues had apparent polarity in cell arrangement and developed their own meristematic cell layers. Alpha-amylase (α-amylase), starch phosphorylase (STP) and sucrose synthase (SUSY) played a dominant role in carbohydrate degradation in callus during shoot differentiation. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and TCA pathways were up-regulated in the shoot-differentiated calli. The dynamics of 6-BA and KT contents in calli were consistent with their concentrations applied in medium. Indoleacetic acid (IAA) synthesis and the related signal transduction were down-regulated, whereas the endogenous CTK contents were up-regulated by the exogenous cytokinin (CTK) application in shoot-differentiated calli, and their related synthesis, transport and signal transduction pathways were also up-regulated. The down-regulated signal transduction pathways of IAA and abscisic acid (ABA) revealed that they did not play the key role in the shoot differentiation of bamboos. Gibberellins (GAs) also played a role in shoot differentiation based on the down-regulation of DELLA and the up-regulation of PIF4 genes. The overexpression of DbSNRK2 and DbFIF4 genes further confirmed the negative role of ABA and the positive role of GAs in shoot differentiation.
VdTps2 Modulates Plant Colonization and Symptom Development in Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Xiao Luyao , Tang Chen , Klosterman Steven J. , Wang Yonglin 
Published: March 2023

The trehalose biosynthesis pathway is a potential target for antifungal drugs development. Trehalose phosphate synthase (TPS) and phosphatase are widely conserved components of trehalose biosynthesis in fungi. However, the role of trehalose biosynthesis in the vascular plant-pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae remains unclear. Here, we investigated the functions of the TPS complex, including VdTps1, VdTps2, and VdTps3 in V. dahliae. Unlike VdTps2, deletion of VdTps1 or VdTps3 did not alter any phenotypes compared with the wild-type strain. In contrast, the Δ VdTps2 strain showed severely depressed radial growth due to the abnormal swelling of the hyphal tips. Further, deletion of VdTps2 increased microsclerotia formation, melanin biosynthesis, and resistance to cell-wall perturbation and high-temperature stress. Virulence assays and quantification of fungal biomass revealed that deletion of VdTps2 delayed disease symptom development, as evident by the reduced virulence and decreased biomass of the Δ VdTps2 strain in plant stem tissue following inoculation. Additionally, increases in penetration peg formation observed in the Δ VdTps2 strain in the presence of H2O2 suggested that VdTps2 suppresses initial colonization. Our results also revealed the role of VdTps2 as a regulator of autophagy. Together, these results indicate that VdTps2 contributes to plant colonization and disease development. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Predicting the Development of Renal Replacement Therapy Indications by Combining the Furosemide Stress Test and Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 14 in a Cohort of Postsurgical Patients
Authors: Meersch Melanie , Weiss Raphael , Gerss Joachim , Albert Felix , Gruber Janik , Kellum John A. , Chawla Lakhmir , Forni Lui G. , Koyner Jay L. , von Groote Thilo , Zarbock Alexander 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Optimal timing of renal replacement therapy (RRT) initiation in severe acute kidney injury (AKI) remains controversial. Initiation of treatment early in the course of AKI may lead to some patients undergoing unnecessary RRT, whereas delayed treatment is associated with increased mortality. This study aims to investigate whether the combination of the furosemide stress test (FST) and AKI-associated biomarkers can predict the development of indications for RRT.

DESIGN:
Single-center, prospective, observational study.

SETTING:
University Hospital of Muenster, Germany.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill, postoperative patients with moderate AKI (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 2) and risk factors for further progression (vasopressors and/or mechanical ventilation) receiving an FST.

INTERVENTIONS:
Sample collection and measurement of different biomarkers (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 14 [CCL14], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, dipeptidyl peptidase 3).

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS:
The primary endpoint was the development of greater than or equal to one predefined RRT indications (hyperkalemia [≥ 6 mmol/L], diuretic-resistant hypervolemia, high urea serum levels [≥ 150 mg/dL], severe metabolic acidosis [pH ≤ 7.15], oliguria [urinary output < 200 mL/12 hr], or anuria). Two hundred eight patients were available for the primary analysis with 108 having a negative FST (urine output < 200 mL in 2 hr following FST). Ninety-eight patients (47%) met the primary endpoint, 82% in the FST negative cohort. At the time of inclusion, the combination of a negative FST test and high urinary CCL14 levels had a significantly higher predictive value for the primary endpoint with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82–0.92) compared with FST or CCL14 alone (AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74–0.85 and AUC, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89; p < 0.001, respectively). Other biomarkers showed lower AUCs.

CONCLUSIONS:
The combination of the FST with the renal biomarker CCL14 predicts the development of indications for RRT.
Serum Concentration of Prostaglandin E2 as a Diagnostic Biomarker in Patients With Silicosis
Authors: Milovanović Aleksandar P. S. , Milovanović Andjela , Srebro Dragana , Pajic Jelena , Stanković Sanja , Petrović Tatjana 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveSilicosis is a prevalent incurable pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of silica dust. Study aimed to investigate inflammatory, hematological, and biochemical parameters as additional biomarkers for diagnosing or monitoring silicosis.MethodsResearch enrolled 14 workers with silicosis and 7 healthy controls (without exposure and silicosis). The serum level of prostaglandin E2, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, biochemical, and hematological parameters were measured. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine diagnostic sensitivity of each biomarker.ResultsPatients with silicosis have a significantly higher level of prostaglandin E2, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit than patients without silicosis. Prostaglandin E2, hemoglobin, and the erythrocyte count are significant in separating the silicosis cases from healthy controls.ConclusionsProstaglandin E2 might be an adjuvant peripheral diagnostic biomarker for silicosis, while hematological parameters (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit) might be prognostic biomarkers.
Primary adrenocortical carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Neupane Durga , Khadka Sarada , Upadhyaya Paricha , Sah Suresh P. , Dulal Soniya , Shah Siddhartha K. , Shah Ujjwal K. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Adrenal tumors are very common, affecting 3–10% of the human population, and most are small, benign, nonfunctional adrenocortical adenomas. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), in contrast, is a very rare disease. The median age of diagnosis is in the fifth to sixth decade. There is a predilection for the female gender (the ratio of female to male ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 : 1) the adult.

Case presentation:
A 28-year-old man who had no prior history of systemic hypertension or diabetes mellitus presented with bilateral limb swelling for 2 months and facial puffiness for 1 month. He had an episode of hypertensive emergencies. A radiological and hormonal work-up established the diagnosis of primary ACC. One cycle of chemotherapy was given until he lost follow-up and succumbed to death due to financial constraints.

Conclusions:
Adrenocortical carcinoma is an extremely uncommon tumor of the adrenal gland, and it is even more uncommon when it manifests without any symptoms. If patients exhibit signs of rapid and multiple adrenocortical hormone excess, such as weakness, hypokalaemia, or hypertension, ACC may be suspected. Recently developed gynecomastia in men may be brought on by an ACC producing too much sex hormone. To accurately diagnose the condition and give the patient a fair prognosis, a multidisciplinary approach involving endocrine surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and internists is advised. Proper genetic counseling is recommended. It is critical to know whether the adrenal mass is malignant or not, and to get this ascertained by a computed tomography finding and biopsy.
MRI of the brain mimicking autoimmune encephalitis in Sjögren syndrome with chorea: a case report
Authors: Gajurel Bikram P. , Giri Subarna , Poudel Navin , Kharel Sanjeev , Jha Saket , Karn Ragesh , Rajbhandari Reema , Ojha Rajeev , Gautam Niraj , Shrestha Aashish 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and importance:
Neurologic manifestations in primary Sjögren syndrome (SS) range in prevalence from 8 to 49%, and most of the studies suggest a prevalence of 20%. The incidence of SS patients developing movement disorders is about 2%.

Case presentation:
The authors herein report a case of a 40-year-old lady with MRI of the brain mimicking autoimmune encephalitis in SS who presented with chorea. Her MRI findings revealed T2 and FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) high signal intensity areas in bilateral middle cerebellar peduncles, dorsal pons, dorsal midbrain, hypothalami, and medial temporal lobes.

Clinical discussion:
There is still no evidence to support the definite use of MRI in characterizing the central nervous system involvement in primary SS, especially due to overlapping findings with age and cerebrovascular disease. Multiple areas of increased signal intensity in periventricular and subcortical white matter in FLAIR and T2-weighted image is commonly seen in primary SS patients.

Conclusion:
It is crucial to consider autoimmune diseases like SS as a cause of chorea in adults, even in those whose imaging findings are suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: a rare cause of periodic paralysis – a case report
Authors: Poudel Rajendra , Baral Surakshya , Adhikari Suman , Dhungana Umesh , Pradhan Ashesh , Baral Shankar , Kumal Kamal , Hamal Surya B. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism characterized by episodes of muscle weakness and hypokalemia. Patients may present with a sudden onset of muscle weakness. Though hyperthyroidism occurs more commonly in females, TPP typically occurs in young males in their third decade.

Case Presentation:
This is a case of a 32-year-old male who presented to the emergency room with a sudden onset of weakness in bilateral upper and lower limbs, which progressed to complete paralysis in an hour. A provisional diagnosis of hypokalemic periodic paralysis was made and admitted. Later, on further diagnostic workup, the final diagnosis of TPP was made.

Discussion:
Clinical features of hyperthyroidism in patients with TPP may be subtle. With immediate potassium supplementation, serious cardiopulmonary complications can be prevented and may hasten the recovery of muscle weakness. Nonselective β-adrenergic blockers can lessen and prevent the recurrence of paralytic attacks.

Conclusion:
This case is reported with the objective of generating awareness regarding the clues to the diagnosis, appropriate management, and definitive treatment to a render euthyroid state in order to prevent future recurrence of similar episodes and prevent any complications, and eventually to raise the index of suspicion among treating physicians in cases that present with paralysis in clinical practice.
An assessment of the role of surgical loupe technique in prevention of postthyroidectomy complications: a comparative prospective study
Authors: Nagaty Mahmoud , Shehata Mahmoud S. , Elkady Abdelrahman S. , Eid Mohammed , Nady Mohammed , Youssef Ahmed , Henish Mohamed I. E. , Monazea Khaled , Noreldin Rasha I. , Nasr Mohamed , Fayad Sherif , Abdelwahed Mohammed S. , Hasan Abdulkarim 
Published: March 2023

Objective:The magnification technique offered by surgical loupe is a new method that enhances visualization and helps head and neck surgeons with recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and parathyroid glands identification. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of using binocular surgical loupes in thyroidectomy procedures.Material and Methods:Eighty patients with thyroid nodules who underwent thyroidectomy procedure were divided randomly into two comparable groups, group A subjected to thyroidectomy by using binocular magnification loupe, group B underwent conventional thyroidectomy without using magnification. Patients’ demographics, operation time, and postoperative morbidities were recorded. All cases had preoperative and postoperative vocal cords assessment by video laryngoscopy. Pathology, laboratory, and radiology investigations were also conducted.Results:Out of 80 patients, there were 58 females and 22 males. Benign thyroid pathology was found in 74 patients and malignant pathology in 6 patients. The mean operating time was 106 min in group A compared to 138.5 min in group B. The mean amount of intraoperative bleeding was 30 ml in group A while 50 ml in group B. There were no cases of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in both groups; there was better identification in group A. There was only one patient who suffered from a temporary RLN injury in group A, while three cases of temporary and one case of permanent RLN injury were recorded in group B. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was diagnosed in only one patient in group B.Conclusion:The utilization of binocular surgical loupe magnification in thyroid surgery is considered a safe and effective maneuver that has the advantages of decreasing the overall operating time and significantly reducing postoperative complications.
Cross-sectional study of COVID-19 infection in patients with rheumatic diseases in a sample of a Damascene population, Syria
Authors: Khalayli Naram , Kudsi Maysoun 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Coronavirus infections have been responsible since 2019 for respiratory illnesses with varying severity worldwide. Worst outcomes from coronavirus (COVID-19) have been reported in older patients andthose with comorbidities like rheumatic diseases. Some drugs used for treating rheumatic diseases are used in patients with COVID-19. Based on the limited data, rheumatic diseases do not seem to affect the disease course of COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the course of COVID-19 infections in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Methods:
A self-reported questionnaire was distributed online and to patients admitted with respiratory involvement. Data included demographic information, clinical presentation, severity, comorbidities, and laboratory parameters. Cases were matched by age, sex, the month of admission, and COVID-19 respiratory injury for patients with rheumatic diseases and patients without rheumatic diseases.

Results:
Twenty-two patients (4.4%) had rheumatic diseases before the COVID-19 infection. There were no differences in the use of treatment for COVID-19 infections in previous or present therapy or comorbidities. We found no significant difference in the duration of COVID-19 symptoms before admission, duration of hospital stay, or chest Xray Brixia score between the two groups. The lymphocyte count was lower in the patient group, while lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, and D-dimer concentrations were higher compared to the control group. Thrombotic events were similar in rate.

Conclusion:
The poorer outcome from COVID-19 infections in patients with rheumatic diseases is related to older age and the presence of comorbidities rather than the rheumatic disease type or its treatment.
Bilateral antrochoanal polyp: a case report of an extremely rare entity managed conservatively with a review from the past 26 years
Authors: Almarri Firas K. , AlHumaizi Abdulrahman , Alomair Alanoud M. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and importance:
Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a well-known benign sinonasal polyp first described in the early 20th century. ACP mostly presents as a unilateral mass and is treated solely with surgical excision.

Case presentation:
We report a rare case of a middle-aged man presenting with nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and sleeping disturbances, eventually diagnosed with bilateral ACPs. After confirming the diagnosis with imaging and biopsy studies, the patient was treated conservatively, with marked improvements in his symptoms during 2–3 months of regular follow-ups. A review of the relevant literature regarding the presentation, diagnosis, and outcome of this rare entity is presented, highlighting its controversial etiopathogenesis.

Clinical discussion:
Presenting symptoms of ACP in most cases is unilateral progressive nasal obstruction. The occurrence of ACP bilaterally is rarely encountered in clinical practice. Diagnosis is mainly clinical and is achievable via nasal endoscopic examination and supported by computed tomography imaging. Treatment remains to be surgical, with 2 years of regular follow-ups being advised to detect any recurrence.

Conclusion:
This case report adds to the scarce data pool on bilateral ACPs and highlights the necessity of prudent and timely diagnosis of this uncommon entity to avoid unnecessary investigations and lengthy medical or surgical treatment. Additionally, a trial of medical therapy may provide symptomatic relief for patients who do not qualify for surgery.
An Indonesian male with HIV/AIDS, pulmonary tuberculosis, and deep vein thrombosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Dini Diah R.R. , Rusli Musofa 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
HIV/AIDS and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). However, the simultaneous occurrence of HIV/AIDS, pulmonary TB, and DVT is rare.

Case Presentation:
An Indonesian male, 30 years old, complained of pain, erythema, tenderness, and swelling in the left leg for 1 month, weight loss, and night sweats. The patient had been diagnosed with AIDS, a new case of pulmonary TB and TB lymphadenitis on therapy. Left inferior extremity vascular Doppler ultrasound showed partial DVT in the common femoral vein, superficial femoral to left popliteal vein. He received fondaparinux and warfarin therapy, and swelling and leg pain improved.

Clinical Discussion:
Although patients with HIV have a risk for venous thromboembolism, the occurrence mechanism of this phenomenon is still uncertain. Some factors affecting venous thromboembolism in HIV are low CD4 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can induce anticardiolipin antibodies and hypercoagulation conditions.

Conclusion:
The patient diagnosed with DVT, a rare complication in HIV and pulmonary TB, is reported. This patient is getting better after using fondaparinux and Warfarin.
Unusual presentation of extended iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis caused by giant retroperitoneal abscess: a rare case report
Authors: Ben Khalifa Badreddine , Naouar Sahbi , Lahouar Rayen , Sridi Chamseddine , Gazzeh Wael , Salem Braiek , El Kamel Rafik 
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:
Secondary deep vein thrombosis due to a mass effect on the venous system has been reported in the literature. Venous thrombosis is frequently seen in the lower extremities; however, when seen at the iliac level, the mass effect of an underlying pathology must be considered. Identifying such etiologies guides the management and reduces the risk of recurrences.

Case Presentation:
In this report, the authors present a case of an extended iliofemoral vein thrombosis caused by a giant retroperitoneal abscess (RA) in a 50-year-old woman with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus, presenting with painful left leg swelling and fever. Color venous Doppler ultrasonography and computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis findings were compatible with a left voluminous RA compressing the left iliofemoral vein with an extended deep vein thrombosis.

Conclusions:
The mass effect on the venous system is rare in RAs, but it must be kept in mind. In light of this case and literature review, the authors highlight the diagnosis and management difficulties in handling this unusual presentation form of a RA.
Successful surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism during pregnancy: a rare case report
Authors: Musleh Asil , Shrateh Oadi N. , Abbadi Khaled , Asbah Malvina , Khader Abdellatif 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in pregnancy is a rare condition. Because of gestational physiologic changes, it is easily under-recognized; in some cases, patients may remain symptomless while maintaining high serum calcium levels, posing a risk to the health of both mother and fetus.

Case Presentation:
Our patient is a pregnant woman in her 30th week of gestation admitted to the hospital with typical features of acute pancreatitis. All possible causes of acute pancreatitis were ruled out. Further investigation, including neck ultrasound, revealed a hypoechoic, well-defined, heterogeneous, and vascularized lesion measuring 1.9×1.7 cm, seen posterior to the left thyroid lobe and mostly representing a parathyroid adenoma. The patient was diagnosed to have a PHPT as the etiologic factor and underwent a successful parathyroidectomy after the failure of medical treatment.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Pregnancy-related parathyroid disease is uncommon. Several changes in calcium-regulating hormones occur during pregnancy, making the diagnosis of PHPT noticeably challenging. Therefore, serum calcium levels must be closely monitored during pregnancy for optimization of maternal and fetal outcomes. For the same reason, the appropriate management of gestational PHPT is mandatory, either medically or surgically.