bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectory tracking control of an underwater vehicle in the presence of disturbance, measurement errors, and actuator dynamic and nonlinearity
Authors: Hosseini Mostafa , Ranjbar Noei Abolfazl , Rostami Seyed Jalil Sadati 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderwater vehicles are rich systems with attractive and challenging properties such as nonlinearities, external disturbances, and underactuated dynamics. These make the design of an advanced and robust controller quite a challenging task. This paper focuses on designing a model-free high-order sliding mode controller in a six-degree-of-freedom trajectory tracking task. The purpose of the control is accurate trajectory tracking and considerably reducing the chattering phenomenon in situations where the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) works in the presence of external disturbances, measurement errors, and actuator dynamics and nonlinearity, which is not seen in previous research. To demonstrate the stability of the closed-loop system, the Lyapunov theory is employed to ensure the asymptotic stability of tracking errors. A linear Kalman filter for estimating measurement errors is proposed to be used to correct positioning system outputs (speed, position, and attitude). In a hardware-in-the-loop test, the proposed controller for the ROV is tested in a real-time application, considering external disturbances, measurement errors, and actual thrusters. In addition, comparing the outcomes with the performance of the PID controller and the supper twisting controller shows the superiority of the proposed controller. Due to the existence of the measurement noise, spectrum analysis is also performed.
Understanding Acceptability of Group Leisure Activities Used to Address Loneliness Among People Living With Dementia: An Exploratory Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: O’Rourke Hannah M. , Jeffery Nicole , Walsh Brittany , Quark Sheylenne , Sidani Souraya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis mixed-methods complementarity study explored family members’, friends’, and health care providers’ perspectives of acceptability of group leisure activities as an intervention for loneliness experienced by older adults living with dementia. A sample of 25 family members, friends, and health care providers of people living with dementia in ON rated the acceptability of group leisure activities (adapted Treatment Perception and Preference questionnaire) and discussed their ratings in an interview. Quantitative (descriptive statistics) and qualitative (conventional content analysis) results were integrated to understand acceptability. Participants viewed group leisure activities as effective, logical, and suitable for use with people living with dementia. Participants described the need for flexible programs, careful facilitation, and attention to activity selection. Group leisure activities were seen as low risk, but stigmas related to dementia could prevent participation. The findings inform the design of acceptable group leisure activities, promoting their use to address loneliness in people living with dementia.
Productive practices in Andean rural areas and their relationship to extractive markets (Atacama Desert, northern Chile, 1915–2019)
Authors: Calderón-Seguel Matías , Prieto Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtractivism has marked the history of Latin America whose operations are in rural territories inhabited mainly by indigenous populations. Mining has had a remarkable expansion in rural territories of the Andes. Critical studies of these processes have focused on the disruptive aspects and conflict between companies, local populations, and States. However, mining has also been intertwined with the territories based on contradictory relationships at different timescales. To examine this issue, we carried out a historical reconstruction of the productive practices of the Caspana community indigenous (northern Chile) and their different forms of connection with mining development. We combine diverse data sources and methodological approaches: oral histories obtained from ethnography, censuses, explorers’ records, and academic literature. We identify different types of relationships over time, according to the different forms of indigenous participation in the extractive markets and the deployment and rearrangement of diverse economic strategies by the indigenous population.
Enhanced congenital cardiac surgery knowledge with multidisciplinary collaborative education series for paediatric cardiology fellows and nurse practitioners
Authors: Lee Madonna E. , Price Joshua , Schauer Jenna , Carlozzi Lauren , Virk Kathryn , Freeman Kaitlyn , Lee Joan , Johnston Troy A. , Bhat Aarti 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroduction:Paediatric cardiologists and nurse practitioners lack structured education tools focused on basic cardiac surgery principles. However, non-surgical specialties caring for surgical patients require this knowledge for comprehensive clinical care. We created a cardiac surgical educational curriculum focused on improving knowledge and attitudes towards communication for non-surgical trainees and advanced practice providers.Methods:Over one academic year, six paediatric cardiology fellows and seven paediatric cardiac surgery nurse practitioners at Seattle Children’s Hospital participated in this study. With surgical supervision, six lectures were prepared by each fellow and delivered monthly. Sessions were hybrid and recorded for later viewing. Pre- and post-intervention survey of attitudes regarding surgical topics and pre- and post- test-based knowledge assessments were administered.Results:Participants positively rated the usefulness of the lecture series (4.2/5) and would recommend it to a colleague (4.5/5). Self-reported confidence discussing surgical concepts with patients increased from 2.3 to 3.4 among paediatric cardiology fellows (p < 0.001) and from 2.8 to 3.9 among nurse practitioners (p < 0.001), out of 5. In both groups, knowledge assessment scores improved from 54 to 79% post-intervention (p < 0.001).Conclusions:After a six-part educational series taught by paediatric cardiology fellows, both paediatric cardiology fellows and paediatric cardiac surgery nurse practitioners demonstrated improved knowledge and reported increased comfort counselling families on basic cardiac surgery topics. Structured, active-learning lessons taught by fellows for non-surgical audiences can improve attitudes and build clinically relevant knowledge. Creating an effective level-appropriate multidisciplinary curriculum accessible to various types of medical providers could enhance comprehensive care of complex congenital cardiac surgery patients.
Dialogue or Confession? Ecumenical Responsibility and the War in Ukraine
Authors: Clements Keith 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWhile the Russian invasion of Ukraine has been overwhelmingly condemned by the churches of the world, the support of the Russian Orthodox Church for the war poses difficult questions to the ecumenical community: in particular, whether that church’s support for the war and the extreme nationalist policies of President Putin constitute grounds for suspending it from the World Council of Churches (WCC) and other ecumenical bodies. The current ecumenical emphasis upon ‘dialogue’ acts as a deterrent to such action, but the WCC describes itself as a fellowship of churches that confess Christ as God and Saviour and therefore supreme over all other authorities. There are parallels with previous challenges in ecumenical history, most particularly 1930s Germany and the stand of the Confessing Church. While dialogue has its own importance the prime ecumenical commitment in conflict situations is to confess Christ, whatever the risks of division that this incurs.
Estimating the Net Magnetic Moment of Geological Samples From Planar Field Maps Using Multipoles
Authors: Lima Eduardo A. , Weiss Benjamin P. , Borlina Caue S. , Baratchart Laurent , Hardin Douglas P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecent advances in magnetic microscopy have enabled studies of geological samples whose weak and spatially nonuniform magnetizations were previously inaccessible to standard magnetometry techniques. A quantity of central importance is the net magnetic moment, which reflects the mean direction and the intensity of the magnetization states of numerous ferromagnetic crystals within a certain volume. The planar arrangement of typical magnetic microscopy measurements, which originates from measuring the field immediately above the polished surface of a sample to maximize sensitivity and spatial resolution, makes estimating net moments considerably more challenging than with spherically distributed data. In particular, spatially extended and nonuniform magnetization distributions often cannot be adequately approximated by a single magnetic dipole. To address this limitation, we developed a multipole fitting technique that can accurately estimate net moment using spherical harmonic multipole expansions computed from planar data. Given that the optimal location for the origin of such expansions is unknown beforehand and generally unconstrained, regularization of this inverse problem is critical for obtaining accurate moment estimates from noisy experimental magnetic data. We characterized the performance of the technique using synthetic sources under different conditions (noiseless data, data corrupted with simulated white noise, and data corrupted with measured instrument noise). We then validated and demonstrated the technique using superconducting quantum interference device microscopy measurements of impact melt spherules from Lonar crater, India and dusty olivine chondrules from the CO chondrite meteorite Dominion Range 08006.
Separating Hydraulic Fracturing Microseismicity From Induced Seismicity by Bayesian Inference of Non‐Linear Pressure Diffusivity
Authors: McKean S. H. , Priest J. A. , Dettmer J. , Fradelizio G. , Eaton D. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMicroseismic data acquired during hydraulic stimulations is routinely used to characterize hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation away from a wellbore. When the data include induced seismicity (IS) related to induced fault slip, separating HF‐related and IS‐related events is essential for HF treatment optimization and IS mitigation. Linear and non‐linear analytical diffusivity models can be used to interpret microseismic data and quantify the propagation of HFs, but their accuracy reduces when significant induced microseismicity is present. A Bayesian quantile regression is used to extend these existing diffusivity models to data contaminated with IS. A plausible ellipsoid filters events that are clearly anomalous prior to the quantile regression. The regression effectively separates HF‐related microseismic events from induced events in a case study for all stages without interpretative bias. This reveals faults that are directed connected to HFs, as well as those solely related with induced seismicity.
Towards Inverse Modeling of Landscapes Using the Wasserstein Distance
Authors: Morris M. J. , Lipp A. G. , Roberts G. G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExtricating histories of uplift and erosion from landscapes is crucial for many branches of the Earth sciences. An objective way to calculate such histories is to identify calibrated models that minimize misfit between observations (e.g., topography) and predictions (e.g., synthetic landscapes). In the presence of natural or computational noise, widely used Euclidean measures of similarity can have complicated objective functions, obscuring the search for optimal models. Instead, we introduce the Wasserstein distance as a means to measure misfit between observed and theoretical landscapes. Our results come in two parts. First, we show that this approach can generate much smoother objective functions than Euclidean measures, simplifying the search for optimal models. Second, we show how locations and amplitudes of uplift can be accurately recovered from synthetic landscapes even when seeded with different noisy initial conditions. We suggest that this approach holds promise for inverting real landscapes for their histories.
A Region‐Optional Targeted Observation Method and Its Application in the Sea Surface Temperature Prediction Associated With the Indian Ocean Dipole
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Tang Youmin , Shen Zheqi , Zhou Feng , Song Xunshu , Wu Yanling , Li Yi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough data assimilation‐based targeted observation approaches have been widely used, obtaining optimal observation sites over a specific region for a prediction target remains a challenge. Hence, this study developed a more practical region‐optional targeted observation method by introducing a projection vector, allowing for the prediction targeted region to be different from the observation one. By minimizing the analysis error variance in a targeted region, the method identified optimal sites through a sequential assimilation framework. This region‐optional method was applied in the targeted observation study of the sea surface temperature (SST) prediction associated with Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The first 10 optimal observation sites were identified, with seven sites in the west IO, and three in the east. The results were further validated by conducting observation system simulation experiments using an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter assimilation system in the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The assimilation of observations from the 10 optimal sites was capable of reducing root mean squared errors (RMSEs) by 38.2% when assessing the SST across the IOD key regions, significantly more than the reduction from 10 optimal sites identified via the conventional method, or that from 10 random sites. This improvement was primarily due to the error reduction in the eastern IO, where SST RMSEs were reduced by >50%. The proposed region‐optional targeted observation method can seek optimal sites in any region of interest and is not confined to the targeted region as in conventional algorithms, thus providing a more reasonable method for designing optimal observation networks.
Role of the Thermodynamic Structure of the Inner Core in Predicting the Intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015)
Authors: Zhong Quanjia , Lu Xu , Wang Xuguang , Ding Ruiqiang , Duan Wansuo , Hou Zhaolu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe use short‐range ensemble forecasts and ensemble clustering analysis to study the factors affecting the intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015). Convection‐permitting ensemble forecasts are classified into two groups: 10 spin‐down (SPD) members and 10 spin‐up (SPU) members with intensification rates of <0 and >0 m s−1 for the first 6 hr, respectively. Ensemble clustering analysis found that the wind–pressure relationship was incorrect in the SPD group, indicating that the SPD issue may be partly caused by an imbalance in the initial minimum sea‐level pressure (MSLP) and the maximum wind speed (MWS). The SPD issue appears to be related to three main points: (a) a weaker upper‐level warm core; (b) a drier inner core at low levels; and (c) a dry, cold air intrusion at mid‐levels. In contrast, the SPU group has a stronger upper‐level warm core and a relatively wet inner core at lower levels, as well as a relatively strong secondary circulation. These favorable initial conditions in the SPU group, combined with a greater updraft and stronger convection around the eyewall, result in more latent heating around or in the eyewall that favors the intensification of the tropical cyclone. Comparisons between the SPD and SPU groups suggest that the analyzed ensemble could not accurately capture the relationship between the initial MSLP and MWS, which, combined with the unfavorable thermodynamic conditions at the initial time, resulted in the incorrect evolution of the intensity. Therefore, improving the initial conditions appears to be an effective way to address the SPD issue.
TIGIT, a novel immune checkpoint therapy for melanoma
Authors: Tang Wei , Chen Jun , Ji Tianlong , Cong Xiufeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMelanoma is the most aggressive and deadliest type of skin cancer. In the last 10 years, immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) including PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitor has been shown to be effective against melanoma. PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors have shown varying degrees of drug resistance in the treatment of melanoma patients. Furthermore, the clinical benefits of ICBs are also accompanied by severe immune toxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new immune checkpoint inhibitors to optimize melanoma therapy and reduce cytotoxicity. T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif domain (TIGIT) is thought to activate inhibitory receptors in T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and has become a promising target for immunotherapy. Studies have found that TIGIT can be detected in different stages of melanoma, which is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of melanoma. This review mainly describes the immunosuppressive mechanism of TIGIT and its role in antitumor immunity of melanoma, so as to provide new ideas and schemes for the clinical treatment of melanoma with targeted TIGIT.
Macrophage and neutrophil heterogeneity at single-cell spatial resolution in human inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Garrido-Trigo Alba , Corraliza Ana M. , Veny Marisol , Dotti Isabella , Melón-Ardanaz Elisa , Rill Aina , Crowell Helena L. , Corbí Ángel , Gudiño Victoria , Esteller Miriam , Álvarez-Teubel Iris , Aguilar Daniel , Masamunt M. Carme , Killingbeck Emily , Kim Youngmi , Leon Michael , Visvanathan Sudha , Marchese Domenica , Caratù Ginevra , Martin-Cardona Albert , Esteve Maria , Ordás Ingrid , Panés Julian , Ricart Elena , Mereu Elisabetta , Heyn Holger , Salas Azucena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUlcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases with perplexing heterogeneity in disease manifestation and response to treatment. While the molecular basis for this heterogeneity remains uncharacterized, single-cell technologies allow us to explore the transcriptional states within tissues at an unprecedented resolution which could further understanding of these complex diseases. Here, we apply single-cell RNA-sequencing to human inflamed intestine and show that the largest differences among patients are present within the myeloid compartment including macrophages and neutrophils. Using spatial transcriptomics in human tissue at single-cell resolution (CosMx Spatial Molecular Imaging) we spatially localize each of the macrophage and neutrophil subsets identified by single-cell RNA-sequencing and unravel further macrophage diversity based on their tissue localization. Finally, single-cell RNA-sequencing combined with single-cell spatial analysis reveals a strong communication network involving macrophages and inflammatory fibroblasts. Our data sheds light on the cellular complexity of these diseases and points towards the myeloid and stromal compartments as important cellular subsets for understanding patient-to-patient heterogeneity.
Spatial lipidomics reveals brain region-specific changes of sulfatides in an experimental MPTP Parkinson’s disease primate model
Authors: Kaya Ibrahim , Nilsson Anna , Luptáková Dominika , He Yachao , Vallianatou Theodosia , Bjärterot Patrik , Svenningsson Per , Bezard Erwan , Andrén Per E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMetabolism of MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) to the neurotoxin MPP+ in the brain causes permanent Parkinson’s disease-like symptoms by destroying dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in humans and non-human primates. However, the complete molecular pathology underlying MPTP-induced parkinsonism remains poorly understood. We used dual polarity matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to thoroughly image numerous glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in coronal brain tissue sections of MPTP-lesioned and control non-human primate brains (Macaca mulatta). The results revealed specific distributions of several sulfatide lipid molecules based on chain-length, number of double bonds, and importantly, hydroxylation stage. More specifically, certain long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides with polyunsaturated chains in the molecular structure were depleted within motor-related brain regions in the MPTP-lesioned animals, e.g., external and internal segments of globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. In contrast, certain long-chain non-hydroxylated sulfatides were found to be elevated within the same brain regions. These findings demonstrate region-specific dysregulation of sulfatide metabolism within the MPTP-lesioned macaque brain. The depletion of long-chain hydroxylated sulfatides in the MPTP-induced pathology indicates oxidative stress and oligodendrocyte/myelin damage within the pathologically relevant brain regions. Hence, the presented findings improve our current understanding of the molecular pathology of MPTP-induced parkinsonism within primate brains, and provide a basis for further research regarding the role of dysregulated sulfatide metabolism in PD.
Rift-induced disruption of cratonic keels drives kimberlite volcanism
Authors: Gernon Thomas M. , Jones Stephen M. , Brune Sascha , Hincks Thea K. , Palmer Martin R. , Schumacher John C. , Primiceri Rebecca M. , Field Matthew , Griffin William L. , O’Reilly Suzanne Y. , Keir Derek , Spencer Christopher J. , Merdith Andrew S. , Glerum Anne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKimberlites are volatile-rich, occasionally diamond-bearing magmas that have erupted explosively at Earth’s surface in the geologic past1–3. These enigmatic magmas, originating from depths exceeding 150 km in Earth’s mantle1, occur in stable cratons and in pulses broadly synchronous with supercontinent cyclicity4. Whether their mobilization is driven by mantle plumes5 or by mechanical weakening of cratonic lithosphere4,6 remains unclear. Here we show that most kimberlites spanning the past billion years erupted about 30 million years (Myr) after continental breakup, suggesting an association with rifting processes. Our dynamical and analytical models show that physically steep lithosphere–asthenosphere boundaries (LABs) formed during rifting generate convective instabilities in the asthenosphere that slowly migrate many hundreds to thousands of kilometres inboard of rift zones. These instabilities endure many tens of millions of years after continental breakup and destabilize the basal tens of kilometres of the cratonic lithosphere, or keel. Displaced keel is replaced by a hot, upwelling mixture of asthenosphere and recycled volatile-rich keel in the return flow, causing decompressional partial melting. Our calculations show that this process can generate small-volume, low-degree, volatile-rich melts, closely matching the characteristics expected of kimberlites1–3. Together, these results provide a quantitative and mechanistic link between kimberlite episodicity and supercontinent cycles through progressive disruption of cratonic keels.