bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An application of autocollimator for strip surface profile measurement
Authors: Kaewpho S , Kerdkaew C , Samnasen K , Chomkokard S , Yaemglin T , Cheowanish I , Wongkokua W , Jinuntuya N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The autocollimator is a non-contact angle measuring instrument using the geometric light reflection principle. The instrument can be used in scientific research and industrial applications with high resolution. In this work, we propose an application of the autocollimator for surface profile measurement. We use an autocollimator to directly measure the tangent profile of a surface. The results can be interpreted as the first partial derivative of the surface along 2 reference axes. The higher derivatives can then be calculated. For second-order bi-quadratic approximation, the second derivatives are used to estimate the bending and twisting of a local surface for a strip material. We compare our results with that of the industrial, high-resolution interferogram. The results agree well with the RMSE ranging from 2 nm to 18 nm.
Application of ultrasonic sensor and Arduino in analysing motion of damped pendulum
Authors: Methet S , Chattrapiban N , Wattanakasiwich P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An easy-to-setup experiment designed to measure the period and air drag coefficients of a damped pendulum is reported. The setup is made up of a solid metal ball and cylindrical shells of various sizes to create air drag. An ultrasonic position sensor (HC-SR04) and an Arduino Uno board were located beneath the pendulum’s lowest position. The pendulum was released from a fixed height at a small initial angle. The periods of the oscillations involving different cylindrical shells were obtained from the time series plots of the pendulum’s position when the pendulum moves back and forth above the sensor. The drag coefficients were measured from five different values of string length. The coefficient was proportional to the size of the cylindrical shells and in agreement with the drag equation for a small Reynolds number.
Backscattering and transmission Raman spectroscopy systems in the quantitative analysis concentration of acetone solutions
Authors: Charoenrit T P , Wicharn S , Puttharugsa C , Limnonthakul P , Sassuvun W , Buranasiri P , Plaipichit S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a set of techniques based on Raman scattering properties, widely applied to analyze the composition of various substances. The techniques consist of 1) backscattering, which collects Raman signals scattered from the surface of a sample; and 2) transmission, which collects Raman signals transmitted by the surface of a sample in the opposite direction of a light source (which triggers less fluorescence than backscattering). In this paper, we will measure the Raman spectrum of acetone solution by the transmission Raman spectroscopy and the backscattering Raman spectroscopy systems that we set up. Those accessories we use are a 532-nanometer diode laser with 100 milliwatt power as the light source, a focusing lens, an objective lens used for amplifying the Raman signals scattered from the sample, and a long-pass filter used to block light with a wavelength shorter than 532 nanometers. For the experimental samples, there are acetone solutions each prepared at 1M, 3M, 5M, 7M, 9M, 11M, and 13M. In the results of this experiment, we found that the intensity of Raman peaks for each Raman shift of acetone and the molar concentrations of acetone measured by both systems have a linear function in the backscattering Raman system and have a quadratic function in the transmissions Raman system because in backscattering system have noise by fluorescence effect more than in transmission system and it might be the effect of the Beer-Lambert law.
Demonstration kits for locating an image formed by a concave mirror
Authors: Srijareon P , Emarat N , Arayathanitkul K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To improve student understanding about an image formed by a concave mirror, 2 demonstration kits were developed. One kit is used to view and locate images formed and find the image distances and sizes. The other uses a laser beam to show the incident and reflected light rays and relate to the ray diagram normally used to find the image location. The demonstration kits were applied to year-11 Thai high-school students for both online (N = 32) and on-site (N = 22) classes. The 4 diagnostic questions were used to investigate student understanding, covering the image visualization, the mirror equation, and the ray diagrams of a concave mirror. The mean scores of the pre- and post-test are 1.3 and 5.3 out of 13, respectively, and the averaged normalized gain is 0.34. Interestingly, the normalized gains of the two classes are not significantly different indicating that the demonstration kits can be applied to either an online or on-site class. The best improvement was found in the image visualization question. In addition, the demonstration kits make the physics content enjoyable. The students found it exciting and fun while much is being learned.
Experiment and simulation of heat treatment for disinfection in the chicken farm using IR irradiation
Authors: Kaewthong Jutarat , Satienpaisan Wuttipan , Krabuansang Kullapat , Artsri Jurarat , Chaisakul Papichaya , Chiangga Surasak , Chattham Nattaporn , Samipak Sompid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Chicken meat is widely consumed worldwide and in order to supply the growing demand, chickens are raised in large factory farms. To prevent contaminated chicken meat being released into the market, a good hygiene practice must be strictly followed. Materials utilized in chicken farming must be completely sanitized including the rice husks that are normally being used as a floor covering material. Aiming to improve rice husk disinfection protocol, infrared radiation (IR) was utilized as an effective, time-saving, and environmental friendly method. A proof-of-concept prototype of rice husk disinfection apparatus equipped with IR source and a rotating conveyor belt was developed. Finite element analysis using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate heat transfer of IR irradiation to rice husk was performed. The effectiveness of IR irradiation method was analysed using the rice husks that were spiked with Salmonella typhimurium. The total aerobic bacteria plate count showed that the most effective IR rice husk treatment was at 120 ºC for 3 min of exposure time.
Surface treatment of PTAA hole transport layer for inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Butsriruk K , Passokorn P , Taychatanapat T , Chatraphorn S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) was chosen as a hole transport layer for inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It is the first layer deposited on the FTO substrate and thus directly affect the structure and performance of the PSCs. It was found that untreated PTAA surfaces yielded large distribution of photovoltaic parameters and low reproducibility. In this work, the PTAA powder was dissolved in chlorobenzene (CB) and spin-coated on the FTO substrates and baked at 105 °C for 10 mins as pristine samples. The surface treatment of PTAA was performed by washing the pristine samples with 200 µl dimethyl formamide (DMF) on a spin coater and followed by dynamic spin of 50-75 µl of CB or Toluene (TO). It was observed that the surface treatment affected the wettability of PTAA surface by the reduction of contact angle from 46° of pristine sample to 25° – 35° of treated samples that could lead to a better interface and formation of a MAPbI3 perovskite layer. On the contrary, the optical transmittance and surface morphology the treated samples were insignificantly affected. It was demonstrated that the surface treatment of PTAA using DMF and 50 µl of TO could significantly reduce the fluctuation of photovoltaic parameters and also improve the repeatability of the fabrication process. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.4% was obtained for the optimal condition.
Characteristics of MSNs synthesized by structure directing method
Authors: Hutem A , Yuenyao C 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The high specific surface area (SSA) mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are synthesized and characterized in this work. The structure directing method combined with the co-condensation and bi-phasic processes are employed to fabricate the porous particles. Myristyltrimethylammonium bromide (MTAB) is utilized as the major structure directing agent. Triton X-100 and triethanolamine (TEA) are employed as the co-structure directing agents. In order to generate a bi-phasic environment and increase the reaction rate, cyclohexane (CHX) and L-Arginine (LAG) are used, respectively. To swelling of the structure directing agents, the solution of structure directing agents, solvent and catalyst is subjected to sonicate by ultrasonic wave with the frequency of 40 kHz. In the research, as synthesized sample of particles are characterized by different scientific techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are utilized to analyze the morphology and pore formed on the obtained particles. The N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm testing integrated with the BET and BJH calculation techniques are employed to determine the SSA, mean pore diameter and total pore volume of the resultant particles at relative pressure of 0.99. Results from the tests as mentioned revealed that SSA of particles synthesized by using only MTAB as a structure directing agent, is about 672.30 m2/g while SSA of particles fabricated by using MTAB+TEA and MTAB+triton X-100 is 691.45 and 651.93 m2/g, respectively. A mean pore diameter and total pore volume of the obtained particles are 4.9, 7.5, 3.9 nm and 0.83, 1.30, 0.63 cm3/g when MTAB, MTAB+TEA and MTAB+X-100 are used as structure directing agents, respectively. Porous particles with uniform size distribution are successfully synthesized and confirmed by SEM and TEM micrographs, respectively. Finally, TEM-EDX confirmed that the synthesized particles are silica (SiO2) nanoparticles.
Influence of Cu-atomic ratio in the 3-stage deposition technique on the efficiency of CuIn1-xGaxSe2 solar cells
Authors: Namnuan B , Chatraphorn S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The 3-stage co-evaporation technique is one of the deposition processes used to fabricate photon absorber layer in high efficiency CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) solar cells. For this technique, the [Cu]/[III] ratio (y), where [III] refers to group-III elements, evolves from Cu-poor (y < 1) to Cu-rich (y > 1) in the 2nd stage and finally ends with slightly Cu-poor (y ~ 0.9) in the 3rd stage of the 3-stage process. Here, the highest values of [Cu]/[III] in the 2nd stage are intentionally varied from 1.0 to 1.5 by setting the deposition time of the pre-calibrated Cu and Se fluxes in the 2nd stage. The [Ga]/[III] ratio (x) is set at 0.37 during the 1st and 3rd stages in all devices. The influences of the Cu-atomic ratio are examined for the crystal grain growth, elemental depth profiles of the CIGS absorbers as well as the photovoltaic parameters and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the CIGS solar cells. The optimal value of y = 1.3 is found to provide the highest efficiency CIGS device. The double-grading depth profile in the [Ga]/[III] ratio has also been observed despite the constant fluxes of group-III elements set during the whole process. The performances of the CIGS solar cells are investigated under AM1.5 condition and found to have open-circuit voltage (V
OC) of 670 mV, short-circuit current density (J
SC) of 33.2 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) of 75.5% and the power conversion efficiency of 16.8% for the best CIGS device. The J
SC of the device with y = 1.3 is relatively higher than other devices due to the increase of photo-generated currents in the short wavelength region as seen in the EQE spectrum.
First principles study on thermal conductivity of nitrogen substituted diamane
Authors: Khamkaeo Sakarn , Pakornchote Teerachote , Ektarawong Annop , Bovornratanaruks Thiti , Hongo Kenta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
2D materials have been in the spotlight due to their impressive properties since graphene was successfully synthesized. A single-layered diamond or diamane, which has high thermal conductivity and high stiffness inherited from its bulk counterpart, is a candidate for heat dissipating applications in nanodevices. Unfortunately, non-passivated dangling bonds on the surface of pristine diamane can cause its structural instability. Recent theoretical studies have suggested that site-specific substitution of N for C could stabilize the diamane’s structure without surface termination. Beside its superhard properties inherited from bulk carbon nitrides, thermal properties of N-substituted diamane have not been revealed. In this work, we investigate thermal properties of N-substituted diamane through first principles study. Our results show that there is an emergence of flexural phonon branch, which is regularly seen in 2D materials, and it contributes large thermal conductivity to N-substituted diamane. The thermal conductivity of N-substituted diamane is decreasing as the temperature increasing. At room temperature, it is 33% lower than that of diamond and 15-35% higher than that of hydrogen passivated diamane (H-diamane).
Effect of annealing temperature on thermoelectric properties of YBa2Cu3O7-xceramic
Authors: Wannasut P , Yawirach S , Boonsong P , Watcharapasorn A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe have studied the effect of annealing temperature on oxygen content and thermoelectric properties of YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO) ceramics fabricated by hot-pressing method. The as-calcined powder was subjected to the applied pressure of 70 MPa at 800 °C for 1 h under Ar atmosphere. The YBCO ceramics were then annealed at 700 and 750 °C for 4 h in oxygen atmosphere. The XRD results showed that all samples possessed pure orthorhombic YBCO phase. The annealing process seemed to induce the reduction of the electrical conductivity and metallic-to-semiconducting transition when the annealing temperature was increased. The temperature dependence ofZTshowed a close relation to that of electrical conductivity, suggesting the dominant role of the charged carriers present in these samples.
Influence of glycine addition on formation and magnetic properties of MnBi prepared by vacuum sintering technique
Authors: Eknapakul T , Ngamsomrit S , Pinitsoontorn S , Songsiriritthigul P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An alternative way to increase a low-temperature phase MnBi (LTP-MnBi) content synthesized by low-temperature vacuum sintering is by using Mn powder with small particle sizes. To reduce the particle size by ball milling, glycine was added to prevent particle agglomeration and possible oxide formation. The ball-milled Mn and Bi powders were fixed at an atomic ratio of 1:1. The ball-milling time in glycine was between 1 and 3 hrs. The average particle size reduces from 400 µm (original) to 35-40 µm and 15-20 µm after grinding for 1 and 3 hr, respectively. Sintering of the mixtures was carried out at 275 °C for 12 hours at a vacuum pressure of less than 5×10−8 mbar. The LTP-MnBi samples sintered from 1 hr (MnG1Bi) and 3 hr (MnG3Bi) glycine-added Mn grinding times were investigated by XRD, SEM, XPS, and VSM. The coercivity values (H
c) are 3.95 ± 0.04 and 2.35 ± 0.03 kOe for MnG1Bi and MnG3Bi, respectively. The saturation magnetization (M
s) of MnG1Bi and MnG3Bi is relatively low (~0.18 emu/g) compared to the samples prepared by conventional ball-milling, i.e., without adding glycine in grinding. The XRD results show a few percentages of MnBi content in all samples, suggesting that glycine addition could prevent MnBi formation. The coverage of hydrocarbon (i.e., NH2-CH2-COOH) groups on Mn particles could prevent the diffusion mechanism during liquid-phase sintering. Moreover, it was found that the oxygen and carbon content in the MnGxBi were much higher than the conventional ball-milled MnBi.
Improvement in reproducibility of large-scale perovskite solar cells using automatic liquid injection in antisolvent method
Authors: Insri Watcharakiart , Kanlayapattamapong Thanawat , Homnan Saowalak , Wongratanaphisan Duangmanee , Gardchareon Atcharawon , Ruankham Pipat 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Perovskite solar cells are the most promising technology for highly efficient and cost-effective light-to-electricity conversion devices. To achieve high-quality and reproducible perovskite photo-absorbers in these devices, a great variety of deposition methods has been introduced. The widely used antisolvent approach is an efficient way for producing a homogeneous and dense perovskite films. However, the reproducibility of the obtained perovskite films is low due to uncontrollable parameters during the antisolvent dripping. In this work, an automatic liquid injection machine was used for controlling the antisolvent dripping parameters and enhancing the reproducibility of large-scale (>1 cm2) perovskite solar cells. Additionally, when compared to a manual liquid dropping, the automatic liquid injection improved the precision and consistency of liquid droplets. Our proposed method could reduce manual production tolerances and improve the reproducibility and accuracy for fabricating large-scale perovskite solar cells. Finally, it enhances manufacturing capacity and reduces the amount of waste produced during production.
Effect of Ni-Co transition metal ratios on structure-function of Lithium Aluminium Borate Glasses for battery electrode
Authors: lomon J , Padchasri J , Siriroj S , Montreeuppathum A , Chanlek N , Songsiriritthigul P , Kidkhunthod P 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Lithium Aluminum Borate Glasses (Li2O-Al2O3-B2O3) doped with various concentrations of xNi: Co (where x = 1, 2, 3, and 4) effectively synthesized by melt-quench process. Glasses made of nickel-lithium borate have undergone rigorous study to determine the impact of nickel-cobalt content on the operation of electrochemical characteristics and battery performance. The phase structure of all samples was confirmed using TEM diffraction XRD patterns. Intriguingly, at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, the 1Ni: Co glass electrode displayed the highest specific capacitance of 76.6 F/g. By adjusting the Ni:Co ratio in the glass structure, produced (Li2O-Al2O3-B2O3) glasses exhibit improved electrochemical characteristics.
Coalescence of nematic liquid crystal droplets on freely suspended liquid crystal films
Authors: Kaewthong Jutarat , Satienpaisan Wuttipan , Hongkarnjanakul Natthawat , Tin Padetha , Chattham Nattaporn 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Freely suspended smectic films of a few molecular layers thick is a model system that can be used to study two dimensional phenomena. In our study, we drew a smectic C film across a few millimeter hole and stabilized it with a strong surface tension capable of suspending 5CB nematic liquid crystal droplets sprayed onto it. Thermal fluctuation of liquid crystal molecules is observed across the smectic C film and can cause the droplets to be driven closer and coalesce. The coalescence in this environment has yet to be studied more extensively. When two droplets are touching each other, connecting bridge between them forms and rapidly grows while they merge. Coalescence between them was thoroughly studied through high-speed camera under the cross-polarized observation and different regimes during coalescence process were analysed. Scaling law for various regimes will be discussed and explained. To understand the experimental result further, we also perform the study of droplet coalescence through finite element software which include inertial force, interfacial force and viscous force in the model. Comparing and analyzing the experimental and simulation results.
Sensitivity of Gaussian energy broadening function of MCNP pulse height spectra on CLYC7 scintillation detector
Authors: Buakham S , Sangaroon S , Ogawa K , Isobe M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Cs2LiYCl6:Ce crystal (CLYC) is an inorganic scintillator which has been developed for the γ-ray and neutron measurement with the high detection efficiency, high resolution, and no need unfolding technique. To enhance the measurement of the fast neutron, the CLYC with 7Li-enrichment (CLYC7) scintillator is developed. In this work, the response of the CLYC7 detector to γ-ray is obtained using 137Cs γ-ray calibration source and calculated using Monte Carlo N-Particle transport code (MCNP). A comparison of measured and calculated γ-rays spectra is complicated by the fact that physical radiation detectors have finite energy resolution. In this study, we treated detector energy resolution effect by Gaussian energy broadening (GEB) in MCNP pulse height spectra calculation. We observe the parameters in the GEB function which provides simulation spectrum matches the experiment spectrum, especially on the photopeak region. The detail sensitivity of GEB function on CLYC7 scintillation detector is presented in this work.
Development of a 6 MeV electron beam energy Linac for fruit sterilization
Authors: Chunjarean S , Manasatitpong K , Yachum N , Phacheerak W , Kokkrathoke S , Pongampai S , Kulthanasomboon P , Jummunt S , Klinkhieo S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Treatment of fresh fruits, meat, and food with ionizing radiation has been frequently chosen to destroy harmful pathogenic microorganisms and oriental fruit flies. Electron beam linear accelerator (Linac) is commonly used as the source of irradiation to produce photons and electrons in megavolt energy. A 6 MeV Linac designed for medical therapy has been developed for fresh fruit sterilization at Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI). Some physical design and beam dynamic results of the electron gun and 6 MeV Linac will be presented in this paper. Testing of each subsystem and installation of the 6 MeV Linac with major auxiliary systems will be described in this paper. It is the first system designed, fabricates, and tested in-house for the fruit sterilization application at SLRI. Measurement results of the Linac properties are presented as a resonant frequency and coupling coefficient at low power called a cold test. The Linac system with all sub-systems and the auxiliary systems will be installed and tested before x-rays production. During commissioning some electron beam parameters out of the electron gun and the Linac exit will be measured.