bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bayesian track management scheme for improved multi‐target tracking and classification in drone surveillance radar
Authors: Ahmad Bashar I. , Harman Stephen , Godsill Simon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this article, a simple, yet effective, Bayesian scheme for tracks maintenance, promotion, and deletion in drone surveillance radar is presented. It enables the simultaneous tracking of the target body and micro‐Doppler components that originate from the motion of rotors (if any) onboard an unmanned air system. This not only delivers more accurate multi‐target tracking, but also substantially improves the radar automatic target classification capability (e.g. discriminating between drone and non‐drone targets). Challenging and diverse real staring radar datasets are used here to demonstrate the efficacy and benefits of the proposed track management approach.
Temperaturmanagement nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand
Authors: Finkbeiner Sandra , Fink Katrin , Busch Hans-Jörg 
Published: August 2023

Was ist neu?
Uneinheitliche Datenlage zur optimalen Zieltemperatur. Fiebervermeidung ist die derzeit einzige Maßnahme mit nachgewiesenem Nutzen, um nach einem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand das Überleben mit gutem neurologischem Outcome zu verbessern. Unklarheit besteht, ob und welche Patienten von einer niedrigeren Zieltemperatur profitieren. Die ERC-Leitlinien von 2021 empfahlen für alle Patienten, nach inner- und außerklinischem Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand eine Zieltemperatur von 32−36°C über mindestens 24 Stunden konstant zu halten. Diese Empfehlungen wurden 2022 durch die ERC-ESICM-Leitlinien überarbeitet. So wird aktuell lediglich eine Fiebervermeidung über 72 Stunden nach dem Ereignis empfohlen.Grund dafür sind divergente Studienergebnisse der vergangenen Jahre. Zwei große randomisierte, kontrollierte Studien kommen zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen in Bezug auf die Verbesserung des neurologischen Outcomes unter Hypothermie. Ursächlich sind hierfür möglicherweise unterschiedliche Patientenkollektive, welche sich auf die Lage in Deutschland zudem nur eingeschränkt übertragen lassen. Beide Studien können wichtige, neue Informationen, jedoch keine definitiven Antworten liefern.
Wann soll die Temperaturkontrolle begonnen werden? Möglichst unmittelbar nach ROSC sollte die Temperaturkontrolle unter Einsatz von Kühlsystemen mit internem Feedback-System begonnen werden. Die prähospitale Kühlung mittels einer schnellen i.v.-Infusion großer Mengen kalter Flüssigkeit, unmittelbar nach Wiederbelebung, wird nicht mehr empfohlen.
Komplikationen und unerwünschte Nebenwirkungen durch Hypothermie. Studiendaten zeigen, dass eine niedrigere Zieltemperatur das Infektionsrisiko nicht signifikant erhöht. Auch führte eine Hypothermiebehandlung bei 33°C nicht zu einem erhöhten Blutungsrisiko. Eine vorbestehende Koagulopathie oder aktive Blutung stellt auch in den ERC-Leitlinien von 2021 keine Kontraindikation für eine Kühlungsbehandlung dar. Jedoch bringen experimentelle Daten die Hypothermie mit einer Beeinträchtigung der Gerinnungskaskade in Verbindung, sodass es sinnvoll erscheint, für diese Patienten innerhalb des Korridors von 32−36°C eine höhere Zieltemperatur anzustreben.Das im Rahmen der Hypothermie häufig auftretende Shivering kann durch Gaben von bevorzugt kurzwirksamen, gut steuerbaren Opiaten und Sedativa gut unterbunden werden.Signifikant häufiger traten in der TTM2-Studie unter Hypothermie bei 33°C Herzrhythmusstörungen auf, welche auch mit einer hämodynamischen Instabilität einhergingen.
Bone Metastases in Patients with Pancreatic NETs: Prevalence and
Prognosis
Authors: Mathew Annie , Fendler Wolfgang P. , Theysohn Jens , Herrmann Ken , Führer Dagmar , Lahner Harald 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe clinical relevance of bone metastases (BM) in advanced pancreatic
neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) is poorly described. We analyzed 314 consecutive
PanNET patients treated at the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS)
Center Essen between 2009 and 2021 in terms of the occurrence and clinical and
prognostic impact of BM using hybrid imaging with 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT.
According to UICC staging, 171/314 (54.5%) patients had stage IV
PanNETs. BM was diagnosed in 62/171 (36.3%) patients. Initially,
35% of BMs were visible by pathological tracer uptake only.
Skeletal-related events (SREs) were detected in 11 of the 62 patients
(17.7%). Patients with antiresorptive therapy had a significantly lower
rate of SRE (2/36, 5.6%) than individuals without bone-specific
therapy (9/26, 34.6%) (odds ratio 9.0, p=0.0054,
Fisher’s exact test). The median overall survival (OS) was 82 months
(53.6–110.4, 95% CI) in the stage IV PanNET cohort. The median
OS was significantly lower for patients with BM (63 months; 49.9–76.0,
95% CI) than for patients with distant metastases other than BM (116
months; 87.6–144.3, 95% CI) (p=0.016, log-rank test). BM
occurs in more than one-third of advanced PanNETs and is associated with an
unfavorable prognosis. One in five patients experiences a persistent
quality-of-life-lowering SRE. Antiresorptive therapy is associated with a more
favorable risk of SREs and should be offered to all patients with BM in
PanNETs.
Clinical Gaps-in-Noise Measures in Blast-Exposed Veterans: Associations with Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses
Authors: Papesh Melissa A. , Koerner Tess 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt has been established that blast exposure and brain injury can result in self-reported and measured auditory processing deficits in individuals with normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. However, the impaired sensory and/or cognitive mechanisms underlying these auditory difficulties are largely unknown. This work used a combination of behavioral and electrophysiological measures to explore how neural stimulus discrimination and processing speed contribute to impaired temporal processing in blast-exposed Veterans measured using the behavioral Gaps-in-Noise (GIN) Test. Results confirm previous findings that blast exposure can impact performance on the GIN and effect neural auditory discrimination, as measured using the P3 auditory event-related potential. Furthermore, analyses revealed correlations between GIN thresholds, P3 responses, and a measure of behavioral reaction time. Overall, this work illustrates that behavioral responses to the GIN are dependent on both auditory-specific bottom-up processing beginning with the neural activation of the cochlea and auditory brainstem as well as contributions from complex neural networks involved in processing speed and task-dependent target detection.
The State-of-the-Art of Patient Portals: Adapting to External Factors, Addressing Barriers, and Innovating
Authors: Reynolds Tera L. , Cobb Jared Guthrie , Steitz Bryan D. , Ancker Jessica S. , Rosenbloom S. Trent 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective Recent external factors—the 21st Century Cures Act and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic—have stimulated major changes in the patient portal landscape. The objective of this state-of-the-art review is to describe recent developments in the patient portal literature and to identify recommendations and future directions for the design, implementation, and evaluation of portals.
Methods To focus this review on salient contemporary issues, we elected to center it on four topics: (1) 21st Century Cures Act's impact on patient portals (e.g., Open Notes); (2) COVID-19's pandemic impact on portals; (3) proxy access to portals; and (4) disparities in portal adoption and use. We conducted targeted PubMed searches to identify recent empirical studies addressing these topics, used a two-part screening process to determine relevance, and conducted thematic analyses.
Results Our search identified 174 unique papers, 74 were relevant empirical studies and included in this review. Among these papers, we identified 10 themes within our four a priori topics, including preparing for and understanding the consequences of increased patient access to their electronic health information (Cures Act); developing, deploying, and evaluating new virtual care processes (COVID-19); understanding current barriers to formal proxy use (proxy access); and addressing disparities in portal adoption and use (disparities).
Conclusion Our results suggest that the recent trends toward understanding the implications of immediate access to most test results, exploring ways to close gaps in portal adoption and use among different sub-populations, and finding ways to leverage portals to improve health and health care are the next steps in the maturation of patient portals and are key areas that require more research. It is important that health care organizations share their innovative portal efforts, so that successful measures can be tested in other contexts, and progress can continue.
Experience with Use of 1% Soframycin Skin Cream in Management of Burn Wound
Authors: Sawhney C. P. , Sharma R. K. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe use of 1% Soframycin skin cream (framycetin) in the management of burn wounds was found to be superior to nitrofurazone ointment in a trial conducted on fortyfive cases of burns. It was found helpful in reducing burn wound sepsis, invasive sepsis and ensured early healing. It also helped in reducing morbidity of the patients.
Inverted Nipples—A Case Report
Authors: Singh Gurpartap , Mander Karamjit Singh , Dhir Anup 
Published: August 2023

SummaryA simple and less time consuming technique was tried in a case and is being described in which the underlying pathology was directly approached. The nipple was released in vertical and horizontal directions. Nipple pedicle was stabilized by nonabsorbable purse-string sutures. Limited horizontal undermining beneath the areola was done sufficient enough to cover the nipple pedicle in order to maintain the sensations and vascularity of the areola.
Global crime science: what should we do and with whom should we do it?
Authors: Ignatans Dainis , Aleksejeva Ludmila , Pease Ken 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFollowing on from a previous paper advocating changes in the editorial processes of peer-reviewed journals, the present paper espouses the conduct of multiple local victimisation surveys as an affordable route to a pan-European crime science. Local surveys have a local impact which national surveys lack, and meta-analysis of survey results enable more general conclusions. The Latvian local survey reported in the chapter revealed wide inequality of victimisation at the individual level, an association between high rating of the seriousness of offences suffered, multiple victimisation at the individual level, and alienation from the police of some ethnic groups.
Young’s modulus of V3O5 thin films
Authors: Nieves Christian , Verbel Camilo , Lysenko Sergiy , Fernández Félix E. , Rúa Armando 
Published: August 2023

Vanadium oxide V3O5 exhibits an insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) near 430 K, which is the highest value for all vanadium oxides exhibiting IMTs. This makes it interesting for advanced electronic applications. However, the properties of V3O5 have been little studied, and, in particular, there are no reports of experimentally determined mechanical properties. In this work, Young’s modulus of sputter-deposited V3O5 thin films has been determined by measuring the fundamental resonant frequency of V3O5-coated silicon microcantilevers using a laser beam deflection technique. After deposition, the films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, resistivity measurements, and atomic force microscopy. The value of Young’s modulus experimentally determined for V3O5 was 198 ± 14 GPa, which is slightly lower than the computationally derived values for bulk crystal V3O5.
Innovative measurement and noise reduction of voltage coupling in shielded cables for enhanced signal integrity
Authors: Charishma Pathala Venkata Sai , Pappu V. Y. Jayasree 
Published: August 2023

The reliable transmission of electrical signals through shielded cables in the presence of electromagnetic interference (EMI) remains a critical challenge for signal integrity. This paper presents a novel and comprehensive approach for measuring and reducing voltage coupling in shielded cables connected to a shielded room from a waveguide. Additionally, we introduce an innovative active EMI filter to effectively mitigate common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) noises, thereby enhancing the overall signal quality. To address the issue of voltage coupling, an open circuit method with a transmission line is considered for the measurement of output voltage at the end of the shielded cable. In order to assess the impact of EMI on transmitted signals, we utilize a state-of-the-art noise separator that enables precise differentiation and characterization of CM and DM noise components. This analysis provides valuable insights into the overall noise profile, guiding the subsequent steps toward noise reduction. An active EMI filter was designed to effectively attenuate the unwanted noise. The filter intelligently targets and mitigates both CM and DM noises, resulting in improved signal integrity. The experimental setup encompasses a shielded room, shielded cables, a waveguide, and the equipment. The obtained output voltage from the shielded cable is 495 V. It is given as an input to the equipment (Cuk converter). The noises are generated when the input voltage is given; the noises are separated by using a noise separator. CM noise obtained at the output of an active noise separator is 118.8 dBµV. DM noise obtained at the output of a differential mode noise separator is 115.8 dBµV. With the active EMI filter, we achieve remarkable reductions in CM and DM noise levels. After adding a filter to the circuit, the noises are reduced below the limit line according to the International Special Committee on Radio Interference standard; the CM noise is 44.8 dBµV and the DM noise is 47.8 dBµV.
Cellular uptake and biotransformation of arsenate by freshwater phytoplankton under salinity gradient revealed by single-cell ICP-MS and CT-HG-AAS
Authors: Alam Md Shah , Fujisawa Shogo , Zuka Masahiko , Zai Yinghan , Mashio Asami S. , Rahman Ismail M. M. , Wong Kuo H. , Hasegawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2023

Environmental context Freshwater phytoplankton are involved in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic within aquatic ecosystems via uptake processes. Rather than determining the mean arsenic content in a population of freshwater phytoplankton, we investigate the heterogeneity of arsenic uptake by single-cell ICP-MS. Our data show that arsenic distribution within a cell population may be highly heterogeneous, measured at the femtogram per cell level, and are affected by species and salinity. Rationale An advanced technique has been developed for analysing intracellular elements at the single-cell level using single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (SC-ICP-MS). Compared with conventional inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, SC-ICP-MS provides uptake data with greater biological relevance. In this study, the use of SC-ICP-MS enabled the quantification of metal concentrations on an individual cell basis down to the femtogram (fg) per cell level. Methodology Three freshwater phytoplankton cells, namely Staurastrum paradoxum (S. paradoxum), Pediastrum duplex (P. duplex) and Scenedesmus acutus (S. acutus), were incubated in 0.1 µmol L−1 arsenate (AsV) solution for 14 days at varying salinity. Cold trap hydride generator atomic absorption spectrometry (CT-HG-AAS) was used to investigate the biotransformation of arsenate under varying salinity conditions. Results The results reveal that cellular arsenic levels decreased as salinity increased in P. duplex and S. paradoxum but increased in S. acutus. The SC-ICP-MS data, which show uptake of AsV by freshwater phytoplankton, were in good agreement with those produced using ICP-MS analysis. Various arsenic management strategies were seen in the phytoplankton species: P. duplex converted it to methylated forms; S. acutus produced organoarsenicals; and S. paradoxum reduced arsenate (AsV) to arsenite (AsIII) and excreted it. Our study also showed changes in the physiological status of phytoplankton following salt stress and arsenic exposure. Discussion Our results confirm the efficacy of SC-ICP-MS in precisely determining arsenic distribution at the single-cell level and reveal differences in intraspecies mechanisms for arsenic cycling in freshwater ecosystems.
Mpox (monkeypox) knowledge, concern, willingness to change behaviour, and seek vaccination: results of a national cross-sectional survey
Authors: MacGibbon James , Cornelisse Vincent J. , Smith Anthony K. J. , Broady Timothy R. , Hammoud Mohamed A. , Bavinton Benjamin R. , Heath-Paynter Dash , Vaughan Matthew , Wright Edwina J. , Holt Martin 
Published: August 2023

Background In mid-2022, a global mpox (formerly ‘monkeypox’) outbreak affecting predominantly gay and bisexual men emerged in non-endemic countries. Australia had never previously recorded mpox cases and there was no prior research on knowledge or attitudes to mpox among gay and bisexual men across Australia. Methods We conducted a national, online cross-sectional survey between August 2022 and September 2022. Participants were recruited through community organisation promotions, online advertising, and direct email invitations. Eligible participants were gay, bisexual or queer; identified as male (cisgender or transgender) or non-binary; aged 16 years or older; and lived in Australia. The main outcome measures were: knowledge and concern about mpox; recognition of mpox symptoms and transmission routes; vaccination history; acceptability of behavioural changes to reduce mpox risk, and willingness to be vaccinated. Results Of 2287 participants, most participants were male (2189/2287; 95.7%) and gay (1894/2287; 82.8%). Nearly all had heard about mpox (2255/2287; 98.6%), and the majority were concerned about acquiring it (1461/2287; 64.4%). Most of the 2268 participants not previously diagnosed with mpox correctly identified skin lesions (2087; 92%), rash (1977; 87.2%), and fever (1647; 72.6%) as potential symptoms, and prolonged and brief skin-to-skin contact as potential ways to acquire mpox (2124, 93.7%; and 1860, 82%, respectively). The most acceptable behavioural changes were reducing or avoiding attendance at sex parties (1494; 65.9%) and sex-on-premises venues (1503; 66.4%), and having fewer sexual partners (1466; 64.6%). Most unvaccinated and undiagnosed participants were willing to be vaccinated (1457/1733; 84.1%). Conclusions People at risk of mpox should be supported to adopt acceptable risk reduction strategies during outbreaks and to seek vaccination.
Dirac signal processing of higher-order topological signals
Authors: Calmon Lucille , Schaub Michael T , Bianconi Ginestra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Higher-order networks can sustain topological signals which are variables associated not only to the nodes, but also to the links, to the triangles and in general to the higher dimensional simplices of simplicial complexes. These topological signals can describe a large variety of real systems including currents in the ocean, synaptic currents between neurons and biological transportation networks. In real scenarios topological signal data might be noisy and an important task is to process these signals by improving their signal to noise ratio. So far topological signals are typically processed independently of each other. For instance, node signals are processed independently of link signals, and algorithms that can enforce a consistent processing of topological signals across different dimensions are largely lacking. Here we propose Dirac signal processing, an adaptive, unsupervised signal processing algorithm that learns to jointly filter topological signals supported on nodes, links and triangles of simplicial complexes in a consistent way. The proposed Dirac signal processing algorithm is formulated in terms of the discrete Dirac operator which can be interpreted as ‘square root’ of a higher-order Hodge Laplacian. We discuss in detail the properties of the Dirac operator including its spectrum and the chirality of its eigenvectors and we adopt this operator to formulate Dirac signal processing that can filter noisy signals defined on nodes, links and triangles of simplicial complexes. We test our algorithms on noisy synthetic data and noisy data of drifters in the ocean and find that the algorithm can learn to efficiently reconstruct the true signals outperforming algorithms based exclusively on the Hodge Laplacian.
Production of reduced graphene oxide from activated rice husk charcoal using a high-energy ball milling method
Authors: Widanarto Wahyu , Romdhony Fahriz , Cahyanto Wahyu Tri , Sari Kartika , Ghoshal Sib Krishna , Kurniawan Candra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Production of high-quality graphene at a commercial scale with low cost remains challenging. Thus, we used a high-energy ball milling approach to make reduced graphene oxide (rGO) from activated rice husk charcoal as an enriched carbon source. The as-produced rGO samples were characterized to determine the effect of various milling times (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 min) on their structure, morphology, specific surface area, pores volume, and size distribution. The variation in the ball milling times was found to introduce the structural defects and remove the oxygen functional groups, thus improving the overall characteristics of the obtained rGO. The wrinkle sheet-like structures of rGO evolved into numerous paper balls-like transparent rumple morphologies due to the milling process-enabled compression mechanism. In addition, due to the increase of milling times, the amount of carbon in rGO was increased to 89.9 atomic%, and oxygen was reduced to 9.3 atomic%, wherein the thermal agitation-mediated collisions of particles played a significant role. The specific surface area (121.483 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.133 cm3 g−1) of rGO prepared at a milling time of 50 min were observed to be optimum. It was asserted that a high-energy ball milling technique with controlled milling times could help produce high-quality rGO from activated rice husk charcoal at low cost, leading to the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly material required for diverse applications.
Saving CNB assisted EDE model at the expense of quantum corrections?
Authors: Maziashvili Michael 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As it is suggested in [1,2], one can dynamically introduce the coincidence time-scale for EDE in the framework of a particular mass-varying-neutrino-model as a time at which neutrinos constituting the cosmic neutrino background enter the non-relativistic regime. The model does not predict, however, the right amount of EDE density because of smallness of neutrino masses. One may hope to adjust the parameters in such a way as to ensure that the two-loop contributions are kept small while at the same time the effective mass for scalar field that enters the expression of zero-point-energy (for the field trapped in the minimum of effective potential) is sufficient for explaining the needed amount of EDE. Unfortunately, the answer is not in the affirmative.
Dark matter spikes around Sgr A* in γ-rays
Authors: Balaji Shyam , Sachdeva Divya , Sala Filippo , Silk Joseph 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe use H.E.S.S.γ-ray observations of Sgr A* to derive novel limits on the Dark Matter (DM) annihilation cross-section. We quantify their dependence on uncertainties i) in the DM halo profile, which we vary from peaked to cored, and ii) in the shape of the DM spike around Sgr A*, dynamically heated by the nuclear star cluster. For peaked halo profiles and depending on the heating of the spike, our limits are the strongest existing ones for DM masses above a few TeV. Our study contributes to assessing the influence of the advancements in our knowledge of the Milky Way on determining the properties of DM particles.