bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical course and new renal scar development in children with high-grade vesicoureteral reflux
Authors: Tafazoli Nooshin , Naseri Mitra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: to define the resolution rate of high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in on-to-three-year follow-up, and determine the new renal scar development.
Methods: This longitudinal study was performed in children < 18 years with high-grade VUR from March 2003 to 2022. Patients who underwent radionuclide cystography 12-36 months after the diagnosis of VUR enrolled in the study and the resolution rate of VUR was calculated. Those who performed technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid scans as baseline and follow-up were evaluated for new renal scarring. In the third part of the investigation, the role of different confounders was evaluated in the resolution rate of VUR and the appearance of new renal scarring. In addition, renal scarring at initial evaluation was calculated in total eligible cases who underwent a Tc-99m DMSA scan.
Results: Of 216 eligible cases, 68 (31.5%) and 43 (19.9%) patients entered the study's first and second parts, respectively. They included 50% girls, with a median age at diagnosis of 31 months. Surgical interventions were performed at follow-up in 18 patients (26.5 %). Total, spontaneous, and surgical resolution rates of VUR per person at one –three-year follow-ups were 19.1% (n=13), 16 % (n=8), and 27.8 % (n=5), respectively. Renal scars and severe renal scarring were found in 135 (80.8%) and 86 (51.5%) out of 167 eligible cases, respectively. New renal scars appeared in 46.5% of patients.
Resolution or downgrading of VUR did not correlate with age at presentation, gender, type and laterality of VUR, pyelonephritis at follow-up, and presentation as prenatal hydronephrosis (P> 0.05 for all). Lack of appearance of new renal scar significantly was more frequent in-group not presented compared to those presented by prenatal hydronephrosis (67.7% compared to 16.7%, respectively; P=0.005). Resolution of VUR was significantly more common in KUUs with VUR grade V than IV (26.5% compared to 7.8%, respectively; P = 0.026). Spontaneous resolution of VUR was reported in five patients (38.5%) presented with prenatal hydronephrosis, and three cases (5.5%) by other clinical presentations (P=0.005).
Conclusions: High-grade VUR persists in the majority of cases after one-three-year follow-ups and about half of patients develop new renal scars. The resolution of VUR is significantly more common in KUUs with VUR grade V than in IV. In addition, spontaneous resolution happened more frequently in cases presented by prenatal hydronephrosis than in other manifestations. Further investigations need to determine cases who are at risk for developing new renal scar and persistent VUR.
Early combination therapy of COVID-19 in high-risk patients
Authors: Orth Hans Martin , Flasshove Charlotte , Berger Moritz , Hattenhauer Sandra Tessa , Biederbick Kaja , Mispelbaum Rebekka , Klein Uwe , Stemler Jannik , Fisahn Matthis , Doleschall Anna , Baermann Ben-Niklas , Königshausen Eva , Tselikmann Olga , Killer Alexander , de Angelis Clara , Gliga Smaranda , Stegbauer Johannes , Spuck Nikolai , Silling Gerda , Rockstroh Jürgen , Strassburg Christian , Brossart Peter , Panse Jens , Jensen Björn-Erik , Luedde Tom , Boesecke Christoph , Heine Annkristin , Cornely Oliver , Monin Malte Benedikt 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Prolonged shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed in immunocompromised hosts. Early monotherapy with direct-acting antivirals or monoclonal antibodies, as recommended in the international guidelines, does not prevent this with certainty. Dual therapies might therefore act synergistically.
Methods
This retrospective, multicentre study compared treatment strategies for corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) with combinations of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, remdesivir, molnupiravir, and/ or mABs during the Omicron surge. Co-primary endpoints were prolonged viral shedding (≥106 copies/ml at day 21 after treatment initiation) and days with SARS-CoV-2 viral load ≥106 copies/ml. Therapeutic strategies and risk groups were compared by odds ratios and Fisher’s tests or Kaplan-Meier analysis and long-rank tests. Multivariable regression analysis was performed.
Results
144 patients were included with a median time of SARS-CoV-2 viral load ≥106 copies/ml of 8.0 days (IQR 6.0-15.3). Underlying haematological malignancies (HM) (p=0.03) and treatment initiations later than five days after diagnosis (p<0.01) were significantly associated with longer viral shedding. Viral shedding was prolonged in 14.6% (n=21/144), especially in patients with underlying HM (OR 3.5; 95% CI 1.2-9.9; p=0.02). Clinical courses of COVID-19 were mild to moderate with only few adverse effects potentially contributed to combination treatment.
Conclusion
Early combination treatment of COVID-19 effectively prevented prolonged viral shedding in 85.6% of cases. Considering rapid viral clearance rates and low toxicity, individualized dual therapeutic approaches may thus be advantageous in high-risk patients.
Experiences of Dietetic Interns Taking a Trauma-Informed Care Educational Intervention
Authors: Torres-Cruz Roxana , Gonzales-Pacheco Diana , Byham-Gray Laura D. , Rothpletz-Puglia Pamela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Trauma Informed Care (TIC) approaches recognize the impact of trauma on patients' health and their ability to engage in therapeutic relationships. TIC training should follow the same principles as students may have a trauma history. This educational intervention explored the experiences and attitude changes among dietetic interns (DIs) taking TIC training and developed recommendations for trauma-informed teaching practices. A multi-method interpretative phenomenological design was employed for this educational intervention. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine Hispanic female DIs completing their supervised practice at Veterans Affairs Caribbean Healthcare System (VACHS) dietetic internship program. The intervention consisted of three modules, and pre-and post-intervention surveys were administered. According to statistical analysis, four out of the eight statements showed significant changes in attitude with a large effect size. The analysis revealed five main themes: 1) Change of attitude, where interns became more aware of implicit bias and personal identity; 2) The teaching approach was comfortable enough to share and discuss complex topics; 3) Inquiry-based learning, highlighting the value of topics for dietetic practice and self-reflection; 4) Emotionally engaged, with interns experiencing various emotions and recognizing the importance of trigger warnings; 5) Recommendations for future training. This educational project contributes to the literature on TIC education among DIs. The findings emphasize the need for integrating TIC principles into TIC educational interventions and provide valuable insights into the safest methods for teaching TIC in dietetic internships. The recommendations derived from this project can guide the development of effective TIC teaching practices in healthcare education.
The JAK1/3 inhibitor tofacitinib regulates Th cell profiles and humoral immune responses in myasthenia gravis
Authors: Bi Zhuajin , Zhang Qing , Gao Huajie , Ge Huizhen , Zhan Jiayang , Gui Mengcui , Lin Jing , Li Yue , Ji Suqiong , Yang Mengge , Bu Bitao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Tofacitinib, a first-generation Janus kinase (JAK) 1/3 inhibitor, is widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its role in myasthenia gravis (MG) has not yet been clearly explored.
Methods
Here, we investigated the effects of tofacitinib on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the effects of tofacitinib were studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with MG in vitro.
Results
The results revealed that tofacitinib administration ameliorated the severity of EAMG rats by restoring the balance of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2/Th17/Treg subsets and reducing the secretion of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies by B cells. After treatment with tofacitinib in vitro, the percentage of Th1 cells and IgG-secreting B cells was significantly decreased, whereas regulatory T cells were significantly upregulated in mononuclear cells (MNCs) of EAMG rats, which were consistent with the results observed in PBMCs of MG patients. Furthermore, tofacitinib might inhibit CD4+ T cells differentiated into Th1 through decreasing phosphorylated signal transducers and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1) but promoted Treg cell differentiation through increasing phosphorylated Stat5 in MNCs from EAMG rats in vitro.
Conclusions
We concluded that tofacitinib could regulate humoral immune responses and Th cell profiles in MG, thus providing a promising therapeutic candidate for MG treatment.
Deep Learning Application in Image-based Modeling
Authors: Guo Junyi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Image-based modeling refers to the process of constructing a three-dimensional (3D) model based on a set of two dimensional (2D) images. With the development of computer vision and related technologies, image-based modeling has shown considerable potential in recent years. Traditional image-based modeling techniques, such as photogrammetry, structure from motion (SfM), and multi-view stereo (MVS) have some flaws and limitations that prevent widespread application of the technology such as a high demand of high-quality images, specific angular perspectives, and limited replication similarity. Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly advancements in deep learning, provides more chances for image-based modeling. The ability of deep learning algorithms to learn from vast amounts of data, generalize to new scenarios, and adapt to the complexities of the real world has unlocked new possibilities for generating more accurate and detailed 3D models from 2D images. This paper will introduce traditional image-based modeling techniques and discuss the potential of deep learning methods in image-based modeling technique and its future development prospects.
Subclinical hypothyroidism associated obesity assessment and its impact on developing cardiovascular diseases among child bearing age females; a cross sectional study
Authors: Hewage Nawoda , Wijesekara Udaya , Perera Rasika 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Previous investigations have demonstrated an association between alterations in body metabolism and development of visceral obesity as a result of subclinical hypothyroidism. The objective of the current investigation was to understand the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and several obesity metrics, including a body shape index (ABSI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body round index (BRI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and hip index (HI) and to examine how this relationship may impact the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among women of childbearing age.
Methods
A cross-sectional investigation was undertaken with 282 females aged 18–35 years from Sri Lanka's rural and suburban regions. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference) were obtained and biochemical parameters (fasting insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, thyroid profile) were measured. The anthropometric and biochemical data were compared between the SCH and euthyroidism (EU) groups for both normal weight and overweight/obese participants.
Results
The overall prevalence rates of SCH, EU, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and HOMA-IR were 40.42%, 59.57%, 24.46%, and 73.40%, respectively. Females with SCH exhibited higher mean values for all the obesity indices (ABSI, VAI, BRI, BMI, WHR, WHtR, WC, HC, HI) compared to those with EU, surpassing the normal threshold values (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant prevalence of CVD risk variables (HOMA-IR, low HDL, hypertriglyceridemia) was observed among SCH participants (p < 0.05). VAI demonstrated the highest area under curve (AUC) and sensitivity for assessing SCH and CVD compared to other obesity measures, while ABSI and WHtR were also identified as effective indices for identifying above pathophysiology. Furthermore, VAI exhibited a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with all CVD risk variables among the study participants.
Conclusions
VAI, ABSI, and WHtR are reliable and trustworthy measurement for identifying SCH and CVD in young females and there is an increased likelihood of developing CVD among females with SCH and visceral adiposity.
molecular identification of multiple drug resistance (MDR) strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Hosseinali Zahra , Mohammadshahi Jafar , Teimourpour Amir , Habibzadeh Shahram , Esmaelizad Majid , Arzanlou Mohsen , Mirzanejad-Asl Hafez , Sadeghnezhad Mahin , Sohrabi Shabnam , teimourpour roghayeh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and objectives:
Isoniazid and rifampin are the first -line drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance to these important drugs is a serious threat to human public health. Therefore this study aimed at molecular detection of resistance to these valuable drugs.
Materials and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 111 non - duplicated clinical samples including sputum and Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected from patients referred to Ardabil Health Center between 2017-2020. The samples were first examined by microscopic method, then their DNA was extracted using the boiling method. Specific primers and MAS-PCR method were employed for the detection resistance to isoniazid and rifampin drugs and identification of MDR strain.
Results: of 111 specimens, 15.3% belonged to NTM. In total, the resistance rate to isoniazid and rifampin was 17% and 27% respectively while the resistance rate to isoniazid and rifampin among NTM was 61.54% and 38.46%.
Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of resistance to isoniazid and rifampin among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTC) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria(NTM) was investigated using the MAS-PCR method. This work highlighted the high anti- tuberculosis resistance rate among NTM compared to MTC strains.
Mapping of malaria and its associated factors in setting of Yeki District, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Eshetu Tamirat , Mola Misganaw , Ayiza Aklilu , Getachew Samuel , Arimo Andualem , Hajare Sunil Tulshiram 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: In many tropical and sub-tropical regions, human malaria is a widespread and sometimes fatal illness. Malaria outbreaks are thus significant public health problems. If utilized properly, insecticide treated nets (ITN) are the most effective malaria prevention measure. However, current usage is still too low. As a result, the goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of malaria and its risk factors in Ethiopia's Yeki area.
Method:902 participants in a laboratory-based cross-sectional study were chosen from among those who attend the health centre for treatment and are suspected of having malaria using a systematic random sampling procedure.Thin and thick Giemsa stained blood smears were examined under the microscope to diagnose malaria infection, and a malarial Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) was performed to check for the presence of specific malaria parasite species. Additionally, pre-tested structured questions were utilised to gauge the respondents' degree of knowledge and awareness of malaria as well as their socio-demographic characteristics.
Result: According to the results of the RDT test and microscopic inspection, the total prevalence of malaria in the study region is 33.6% and 38.2%, respectively. Microscopy analysis revealed that Plasmodium falciparium prevalence was 18.7% and Plasmodium vivax prevalence was 19.5%, respectively. On the other hand, an RDT test for malaria found that the blood sample contained 18.4% P. vivax and 15.1% P. falciparium. P. vivax was the most significant Plasmodium species. The majority of the population infected by malaria visits a health centre three times per year and pays 300–400 birr ($6–$8) for a single course of treatment. ITN was the most effective malaria prevention strategy at the home level, but only 79.4% of people had access to them, and most people only used them rarely and during malaria seasons. Plasmodium vivax was shown to be the predominant Plasmodium species in the research region by the cross-sectional and retrospective studies. The lack of ITNs, how ITNs are used, and the existence of mosquito breeding grounds near homes are the risk factors for malaria prevalence in the study population.
Conclusion: Standard health education and sustainable health policies to assure and raise awareness among people and the community towards the mode of transmission, prevention, and control of the illnesses in the designated region is recommended to catch up the disease control.
Trametinib sensitizes KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma tumors to PD- 1/PD-L1 axis blockade via Id1 downregulation
Authors: Puyalto Ander , Rodríguez-Remírez María , López Inés , Guruceaga Elizabeth , Olmedo María , Vilalta-Lacarra Anna , Macaya Irati , Welch Connor , Sandiego Sergio , Vicent Silvestre , Calvo Alfonso , Rolfo Christian , Ajona Daniel , Gil-Bazo Ignacio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background The identification of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome the intrinsic or acquired resistance to trametinib in mutant KRAS lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major challenge. This study analyzes the effects of trametinib in Id1, a key factor involved in the oncogenic KRAS pathway, and investigates the Id1 role in acquire resistance and trametinib synergy with immunotherapy in KRAS-driven LUAD.Methods We evaluated the effects of trametinib in KRAS-mutant LUAD tumors by western blot, RNA-seq and syngeneic mouse models. Cell viability was assessed by cell proliferation and colony formation assays. PD-L1 expression and apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. The anti-tumor efficacy of the trametinib and PD-1 blockade combined treatment was investigated in two KRAS-driven LUAD mouse models, and the effects in the tumor immune infiltrate was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.Results We found that trametinib activates the proteasome to downregulate Id1 expression in KRAS-mutant LUAD cells and tumors. Moreover, Id1 inhibition overcome the acquire resistance to trametinib in KRAS-mutant LUAD cells. Using two preclinical syngeneic KRAS-driven LUAD mouse models we found that trametinib synergizes with PD-1 blockade to hamper lung cancer progression and increase survival. This anti-tumor activity was associated with an increase of the intratumoral CD8+/Treg ratio and PD-L1 expression on LUAD cells surface.Conclusions Our data suggests that Id1 may be involved in the resistance to trametinib and in the synergy with immunotherapy in KRAS-driven LUAD tumors. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for refractory KRAS-mutant lung cancers.
Rapid prototyping of carbonate gypsum-based 2.5D microfluidic chip using CO2 laser ablation and application in Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Ni Zhilin , Gao Kexin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to better mimic the properties of natural reservoirs, this study proposes a rapid prototyping technology for a 2.5D microfluidic chip based on carbonate gypsum. The microchannels are directly laser-ablated on the surface of the carbonate gypsum substrate using a CO2 laser. The fabricated profiled microchannels with various processing parameters are analyzed in this study. Additionally, the surface morphology of the laser-ablated area is examined in detail. Wettabilities on the carbonate gypsum substrate are also tested.By adjusting the processing power, scanning speed, and processing times of the laser, 2.5D microchannels with different depths, widths, and aspect ratios can be obtained. This allows for the replication of the complex pore throat structure found in reservoirs. To demonstrate the proposed fabrication techniques, two different types of carbonate gypsum-based chips are fabricated in this study. These chips are then used to conduct the enhanced oil recovery process.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nursing Students on COVID–19 in North Cotabato
Authors: Kulintang Mohammed Bien , Ngo Andrew , Caponpon Noel Miguel , Tormes Junilord 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
COVID – 19 infection is still widespread. State colleges and universities were gradually opened. This study was designed to assess nursing student's knowledge, attitudes, and practices about COVID-19. A correlational research design was used in this study. From July 1 to August 31, 2021, a snowball sample of 76 student nurses in North Cotabato was surveyed using an online survey tool with a Cronbach's alpha results: 0.772 for knowledge, 0.774 for attitude, and 0.898 for practices. Results revealed that majority of the respondents were second year female nursing students ages 21–23 who resides in rural areas of north Cotabato with a monthly family income of Php 15,000 and below. Primary source of information was through social media followed by school lectures, Internet/website, and television. They have excellent knowledge and very high attitude and practices on COVID-19. In addition, there was a significant relationship between the respondent’s attitude and practices (p-value = .000) but has no significant relationship between knowledge and practices (p-value = .543). Moreover, there was no significant correlation between the respondent’s socio-demographic profile and practices. It is concluded that regardless of the respondent’s demographics, respondents can still have good knowledge. Good attitude and practices on the other hand were prominent to female second year nursing students with the aid of social media, school lectures and internet/website as source of information. The findings established a baseline for the current state of nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in North Cotabato. Furthermore, with the assistance of health agencies, areas on sources of information must be considered to ensure the reliability and validity of the information being acquired by everyone. This could help in structuring policies and procedures of each institution that enables the safe application of face-to-face system.