bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Symptoms of Climate Change in Boreal Forest Trees and Wildlife
Authors: D’Orangeville Loïc , St-Laurent Martin-Hugues , Boisvert-Marsh Laura , Zhang Xianliang , Bastille-Rousseau Guillaume , Itter Malcolm 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMeasuring climate change impacts on forest ecosystems can be challenging, as many of these changes are imperceptible within the typical time scale of short-term (e.g., 3–4 years) funding of research projects. Boreal trees are notoriously imperturbable, given their tolerance to harsh conditions and their adaptability. However, the buildup of decades of warming should now translate into measurable alterations of boreal ecosystem processes. The boreal forest is host to numerous northern animals; therefore, any change in boreal forest dynamics should affect wildlife. In this chapter, we aim to provide a nonexhaustive synthesis of documented impacts of climate change on selected key processes driving boreal forest ecosystem dynamics. We focus on the themes of plant and wildlife range shifts and stand growth and death, as they are keystone parameters of boreal forest ecosystem health that are symptomatic of climate change impacts on the boreal biota. For each theme, we introduce the general concepts and processes, convey some of the limitations of current assessments, and suggest future pressing challenges.
Living Trees and Biodiversity
Authors: Hämäläinen Aino , Runnel Kadri , Mikusiński Grzegorz , Himelbrant Dmitry , Fenton Nicole J. , Lõhmus Piret 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiving trees are fundamental for boreal forest biodiversity. They contribute to stand structural diversity, which determines the range of habitat niches available for forest-dwelling species. Specific characteristics of living trees, such as species, age, and presence of microhabitats, determine how species utilize trees for food, as nesting places, or as growing substrates. This chapter explores the associations between living trees and aboveground biodiversity, reviews the factors such as soil productivity, hydrological regime, stand successional stage, and forestry activities that influence the characteristics of living trees and stand structural diversity, and presents the consequences of current and future climate change on boreal biodiversity.
Deadwood Biodiversity
Authors: Löfroth Therese , Birkemoe Tone , Shorohova Ekaterina , Dynesius Mats , Fenton Nicole J. , Drapeau Pierre , Tremblay Junior A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeadwood is a key component for biodiversity and ecosystem services in boreal forests; however, the abundance of this critical element is declining worldwide. In natural forests, deadwood is produced by tree death due to physical disturbances, senescence, or pathogens. Timber harvesting, fire suppression, and salvage logging reduce deadwood abundance and diversity, and climate change is expected to bring further modifications. Although the effects of these changes are not yet fully understood, restoring a continuous supply of deadwood in boreal forest ecosystems is vital to reverse the negative trends in species richness and distribution. Increasing the availability of deadwood offers a path to building resilient forest ecosystems for the future.
Marine Governance as a Process of Reflexive Institutionalization? Illustrated by Arctic Shipping
Authors: van Tatenhove Jan P. M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe objective of this chapter is to give insight in marine governance challenges, illustrated by Arctic shipping. To do this, this chapter presents a theory of marine governance as reflexive institutionalization, in which the structural properties of marine governance arrangements are (re)produced in interactions between governmental actors, maritime sectors and civil society actors within the structural conditions of the networked polity at sea. Based on an analysis of the institutionalization of shipping governance arrangements of three (possible) Arctic shipping routes; The Northwest Passage (NWP), the Northeast Passage and Northern Sea Route (NEP/NSR), and the Transpolar Sea Route (TSR) the following question will be answered, “What are the enabling and constraining conditions of marine governance as reflexive institutionalization?” In other words, what are the possibilities for public and private actors to challenge discursive spaces and to change the rules of the game, in order to find solutions for environmental, spatial, economic, and social problems at the Arctic Ocean? The analysis shows forms of institutionalization as structural reflectiveness in which the dominant discourse ‘shipping is allowed in the Arctic’ is not challenged. However, this form of reflectiveness showed how actors, such as China and Russia, are able the use rules from different institutional settings to strengthen their position.
Towards Just and Sustainable Blue Futures: Small-Scale Fisher Movements and Food Sovereignty
Authors: Ertör Irmak , Ertör-Akyazi Pinar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOceans and seas have been vital food sources for both coastal and terrestrial communities for thousands of years. Traditionally, the main actors were small-scale fishers adopting more ecologically-benign fishing practices either for their own subsistence or small-scale commercial use and livelihood. Members of small-scale fishing communities frequently combine other socioeconomic activities such as small-scale agriculture and animal husbandry with their fishing activity as well. Thus, they usually have broader and different understandings and narratives regarding their relations and interdependency with the fish and the seas compared with industrial capture fisheries targeting the most profitable commercial fish species using more destructive gears and high technological capacities. In this chapter, we aim to shed light on their past and present—as well as highlight their existence as a rather neglected and marginalized social group, their political agency and their global movement for food sovereignty in order to uncover their social, political and ecological roles for the future of oceans, coastal communities, and the society in general. Our research methodology relies on participant observation and action methods based on 3 years of continuous work with small-scale fishing cooperatives in Turkey, Spain and Europe, as well as following and collaborating with the WFFP (World Forum of Fisher People) members both in Europe and globally. We conducted more than 80 interviews with key actors from fisheries sector including policy makers, NGOs, members of fishing cooperatives, and fisheries and marine scientists that inform this investigation. We claim that even though small-scale fishing communities are usually neglected actors of the ‘present’ in most mainstream marine policies, narratives and agendas such as the Blue Economy, their ‘presence’ in ocean governance is of utmost importance and their future existence needs to be ensured for an ecologically, socially and economically just ocean governance.
The Past, Present and Future of Ocean Governance: Snapshots from Fisheries, Area-Based Management Tools and International Seabed Mineral Resources
Authors: Singh Pradeep A. , Araujo Fernanda C. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOcean governance comprises the law of the sea as well as all related policy and normative dimensions that relate to the regulation of human activity at sea and increasingly places a strong focus on marine environmental protection and the conservation of marine resources, with the aim of ensuring a healthy and productive ocean while sustaining a resilient ocean-based economy. Premised on this observation, this chapter aims to reflect on the past, present and future of ocean governance using three case studies as snapshot examples, namely, fisheries at sea, marine area-based management tools and international seabed mineral resources. Put together, these three case studies will demonstrate how the law of the sea has evolved when considered from the dimension of ocean governance, particularly with respect to the challenge of protecting and preserving the marine environment through the sustainable use of marine resources.
In silico Investigation of Sex-Specific Osteoarthritis in Human Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Ngo Khoa , Herrera Nathaniel T , Folkmanaite Milda , Yamamoto Kei , Maleckar Mary M 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA), a progressive degenerative disease of cartilage in joints, is the most common cause of chronic disability in older adults. While OA is mostly considered an age-related pathology, women have a 1.5-fold higher risk of developing OA relative to men and experience more severe symptoms. Yet, they remain underrepresented in musculoskeletal research and clinical trials. Responsible for cartilage formation, articular chondrocytes experience physiological changes in OA, but the functional implications of such alterations remain largely unexplored due to difficulties in acquiring the data experimentally. Through reparameterization, we expand a mathematical chondrocyte model to investigate sex-specific OA pathogenesis. We performed sensitivity analysis to address the impact of ion channel activity in healthy and OA chondrocyte populations. Simulations show that in healthy female chondrocytes, the resting membrane potential is more depolarized than in healthy male chondrocytes, suggesting potential sex-specific emergent physiological differences in articular chondrocytes. In both sexes, the resting membrane potential of healthy chondrocytes is most sensitive to 𝐼𝐶𝑎−𝐴𝑇𝑃, 𝐼𝑁𝑎−𝑏, 𝐼𝑁𝑎𝐾 and 𝐼𝐾−𝑏, but in OA it depolarizes and becomes sensitive to 𝐼𝐾𝐷𝑅, 𝐼𝑁𝑎𝐾 and 𝐼𝐾−𝑏. Developed and evaluated against experimental data, our articular chondrocyte OA electrophysiological model can be used to further study OA pathology and sex-specific pathological OA changes.
Realizing Synaptic Signal Transmission During Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions within the EMI Framework
Authors: Gorman Julia , Holzhausen Konstantin , Reimer Joyce , Riseth Jørgen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe tripartite synapse or “neural threesome” refers to the interplay in the synapse between neighbouring neurons, the synaptic cleft, and the surrounding glial cells. Despite extensive research, the effects of glial cells, such as astrocytes, on signal transduction between neurons are not fully understood. The Kirchhoff-Nernst- Planck (KNP) and Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular (EMI) models constitute a promising framework for modeling these kinds of systems. However, they lack the neurotransmitter-related mechanisms that are necessary to bridge signal transduction across the synaptic cleft. Here, we propose an extension to the KNP-EMI model by a spatio-temporal diffusion-based description of the most prominent neurotransmitter, glutamate, that allows for investigation of the contribution of astrocytes to the functionality of the synapse. We validate our model by showing that the presence of an astrocyte in the domain affects the glutamate flux across the postsynaptic terminal, as observed physiologically. The proposed extension offers a sufficiently simple way of integrating synaptic glutamate dynamics into the KNP-EMI framework. It introduces the relevant interactions between electrical activity and diffusion processes at the tripartite synapse that are necessary to assess how astrocytes might contribute to the functionality of the synapse. This work has implications for future studies involving glial mechanisms and other charged species within the KNP-EMI framework.
Modellierung von Textgeschichte. Bedingungen digitaler Analyse und Schlussfolgerungen für die Editorik
Authors: Brüning Gerrit 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungWissenschaftliche Editionen und besonders textkritische Apparate sind bekannt dafür, kaum benutzt zu werden. Welche Probleme ergeben sich, wenn interpretatorisch interessierte Leser*innen die Apparate beiseitelassen? Inwieweit können digitale Editionen den Zugang zu ihnen tatsächlich erleichtern? Ausgehend von diesen Fragen entwirft der Beitrag das Programm einer digitalen Analyse der Veränderungen, die Texte im Laufe ihrer Entstehung und weiteren Entwicklung durchlaufen. Das Potential digitaler Editionen liegt darin, solche Analysen zu ermöglichen und auf diese Weise die in ihnen enthaltenen textkritischen Informationen allererst zum Sprechen zu bringen.
Operationalising the Change. Dispersion of Polish literary life (1989–2002)
Authors: Maryl Maciej 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper explores a possibility of quantitative research into transitions in literary history on the example of Polish literary life 1989–2002. This exploration will be carried out on the basis of the data from Polish Literary Bibliography (PBL), a comprehensive database of Polish literary and cultural life. The paper aim to meet two interconnected goals: (1) to test selected qualitative hypotheses concerning Polish literature of the transition period (1989–2002); (2) to propose methodology for the data-driven study of literary history with the use of bibliographical datasets. Both explorations are supplemented with a reflection on how documentation methodologies and practices affect the quantitative analysis. The analyses focus on describing the changes of literary system – precisely the movement from dispersion towards centralisation and back -- on many levels. I commence with some statistics of the literary production of that period, then combine those findings with the reception data, and subsequently, with comparison of reception of debutants and established writers. Next, I analyse the dispersion on the example of geography and finally use network analysis for centrality measures. Altogether the analysed dataset, a subset of PBL database, consists of 33,142 literary books and 138,925 literary articles by 21,865 authors. These were published by 8233 publishers and 958 journals. There are 93,874 reception texts, including pieces about 9286 authors and 22,335 books.
Was verändert sich eigentlich? Korpusanalytisch basierte Wissenschaftsgeschichte der germanistischen Praxis am Beispiel der Deutschen Vierteljahrsschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Geistesgeschichte
Authors: Jannidis Fotis , Martus Steffen , Konle Leonard , Kreutel Jörn 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Folgenden fragen wir nach dem Stellenwert von ‚Digitalität‘ für die Geschichte der literaturwissenschaftlichen Germanistik. Es geht uns theoretisch, methodisch und methodologisch um die Frage, wie digitale Daten und Datenverarbeitungsverfahren den Blick auf die Fachgeschichte verändern, welche Untersuchungsrichtungen insbesondere durch makroskopische Verfahren nahegelegt werden und welche Erkenntnisinteressen dabei eher in den Hintergrund treten. Die wissenschaftspolitische und normative Komponente des Projekts liegt darin, dass wir uns eine Beschreibung des Fachs wünschen, die die Vielfalt der Funktionen und Leistungen angemessen in den Blick rückt und so etwa auch besser bestimmen kann, was sich durch das Auftreten vonDigital Humanitiesverändert, wo Anschlussprobleme bestehen und Kooperationsmöglichkeiten verbessert werden könnten.
Community Organizing: Das Konzept von Saul Alinsky und mögliche Formen der Umsetzung im Rahmen eines Stadtteilmanagements
Authors: Fischer Ute , Stock Lothar 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungCommunity Organizing (CO) wurde Ende der 1930er Jahre in den USA maßgeblich von Saul D. Alinsky entwickelt. Dieser stand wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Bemühungen generell und dem von Jane Addams im Rahmen der Settlement-Bewegung in Chicago initiierten Hull House im Besonderen deutlich reserviert gegenüber. Auch in bester Absicht ausgeübte Fürsorge verhindere seiner Meinung nach die Emanzipation der jeweils angesprochenen Adressat*innen und ändere erst recht nichts an den bestehenden Machtverhältnissen. Passen somit CO und sozialarbeiterisch geprägtes, in der Regel top-down initiiertes Stadtteilmanagement denn überhaupt zusammen? Der Beitrag zeigt anhand eines konkreten Beispiels, wie Elemente und Handlungsansätze aus dem CO auch in diesem Rahmen zum Tragen kommen können – sofern gewisse Prämissen dabei beachtet werden.
Ideen, Interessen und Zusammenarbeit in der Stadtentwicklung
Authors: Kaschlik Anke , Schmidt Jaqueline 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungUnter der Annahme, dass nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung nur möglich ist, wenn vielfältige Lebensinteressen berücksichtigt und auch bürgerschaftliche Potenziale einbezogen werden, fragt dieser Beitrag nach notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen der Handlungsfähigkeit für und ggf. durch bürgerschaftliche Projekte. Grundlage sind zwei Projekte zur Altstadtentwicklung in einer kleineren deutschen Stadt, die im Rahmen des Praxisforschungsprojekts „Transformation urbaner Zentren“ durchgeführt wurden. Die Analyse erfolgt auf Grundlage von Konzepten zu Governance, Partizipation, Empowerment und Selbstwirksamkeit. Aus der Betrachtung der Motive und Interessen der beteiligten Personen sowie deren Erwartungen an die Projektbegleitung und einer Reflexion der Projektarbeit vor Ort werden begünstigende Rahmenbedingungen für bürgerschaftliche Projekte im Rahmen der Stadtentwicklung benannt.
Sozialplanung als Treiber von territorialer Stigmatisierung?
Authors: Baum Markus , Otto Marius 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Text diskutiert die sozialplanerische Praxis und insbesondere die Sozialberichterstattung vor dem Hintergrund der Effizienzsteigerung öffentlicher Verwaltungen und der zunehmenden Bedeutung raumbezogener Förderpolitiken. Raumbezogene Förderprogramme befördern eine defizitorientierte Sozialberichterstattung, welche sich auf die Identifizierung sozial-räumlicher ‚Problemfälle‘ spezialisiert und damit Strukturprobleme verräumlicht und vereinfacht. In dieser Form trägt Sozialberichterstattung zu Prozessen territorialer Stigmatisierung bei. Zugleich gibt der Text praktische Empfehlungen für eine reflexive Sozialplanung, die sich ihrer Rolle als wissenschaftsgestütztes Instrument bewusst bleibt.
The Rise of the Algorithmic Child: Protecting Children in Smart Homes
Authors: Nash Victoria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChildren’s Internet use is often presumed to consist only of popular entertainment activities such as scrolling through social media, playing games, or watching videos, all typically undertaken on personal devices, with Internet safety policy and practice targeted accordingly. But in reality, children’s Internet use is much more varied, including interactions with screenless smart devices in the home and via third party services outside the home. This chapter considers the practical and policy implications of such use, focusing on possible security and privacy risks as well as larger ethical questions about the datafication of childhood.
A Rights-Based Approach to Children’s Digital Participation in the Multi-Level System of the European Union
Authors: Kaesling Katharina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAgainst predominating risk-based narratives, this chapter focusses on children’s rights to participation in transnational digital spheres, which need to be balanced with children's rights to protection. The importance of a rights-based approach in the multi-level system of the EU is shown with particular regard to the legal principle of the best interest of the child, proportionality and coherence of measures in the EU, and the interplay of EU and national legal norms.
Projecting Images of Families into the Law—the Example of Internet-Related Cases Decided by the German Courts
Authors: Dreier Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFamily and Internet may appear to be an “unlikely combination,” since technology is generally considered to be neutral and thus not gender-related, even if a clear gender imbalance can be observed among computer science students and professionals who are largely male. From the point of view of the networked structures of the Internet, and hence from the point of view of Internet law, no fundamental distinction is made between family and non-family relationships and connections. Despite this, it may be worthwhile to search legislation and case law for existing rules and decisions that discuss issues of families and their members who use the Internet.
The Significance of Socioeconomic Background for the Educational Dispositions and Aspirations of Finnish School Leavers
Authors: Järvinen Tero , Tikkanen Jenni , af Ursin Piia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines the significance of socioeconomic background (SES) for the educational dispositions and aspirations of Finnish comprehensive school leavers. After demonstrating the existence of the relationship between the students’ SES background and their dispositions and aspirations, the main question addressed is whether this relationship changes when controlling for the effect of students’ academic ability as measured by their literacy skills. In our examination, we draw on a study of 15-year-old lower secondary school students (n = 1058) in Turku sub-region consisting of the city of Turku and ten smaller, surrounding municipalities. The results of our study are mixed. Students with high-level literacy skills have positive dispositions towards learning and education despite their socioeconomic background. The same is, however, not the case with educational aspirations. Among low-SES students, individual ability does not predict high educational aspirations in a similar manner that it does among high-SES students. This finding poses a challenge for the Finnish education system. If SES is a more significant predictor of educational aspirations of an individual than ability or motivation, there are negative effects for both individuals themselves and society. From the individual point of view, self-exclusion of gifted low-SES students from higher education decreases their future labour market opportunities and outcomes. From the societal point of view, in turn, it means that many occupational fields will lose potentially talented and skilful employees. In these respects, the Finnish education system would not only be unequal but also inefficient.
Municipal Governance of Comprehensive Education: The Emergence of Local Universalisms
Authors: Kalalahti Mira , Varjo Janne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe governance of Finland’s comprehensive school system has historically evolved from centralised governance into a blend of national and local (municipal) decision-making authority. The two-fold model of governance was launched in the 1970s according to the planning economy logic, where the national education policies were enacted and regulated through strict and detailed legislation, a redistributive and ‘earmarked’ state subsidy system and a uniform national core curriculum. At an ideological level, comprehensive reform was tied firmly to the principle of equal opportunities. However, changes in administrative thinking since the 1990s have created a new balance between governmental and local governance of the education system. In this chapter we portray key changes occurring in the relationship between central and local administration as well as the most significant changes in the education system by comparing three case municipalities. We compile various register and document data about the education systems of these municipalities and assess whether we should talk about diverse municipal basic education in Finland instead of a single, uniform basic education system. We conclude that the national, previously more uniform basic education system is transforming into diverse, local basic education systems. We argue that local self-government and varying service accessibility pose a challenge to the equality of the service system at the national level.