bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type A aortic dissection: optimal annual case volume for surgery
Authors: Kawczynski Michal J , van Kuijk Sander M J , Olsthoorn Jules R , Maessen Jos G , Kats Suzanne , Bidar Elham , Heuts Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The current study proposes a novel volume–outcome (V–O) meta-analytical approach to determine the optimal annual hospital case volume threshold for cardiovascular interventions in need of centralization. This novel method is applied to surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) as an illustrative example.

Methods
A systematic search was applied to three electronic databases (1 January 2012 to 29 March 2023). The primary outcome was early mortality in relation to annual hospital case volume. Data were presented by volume quartiles (Qs). Restricted cubic splines were used to demonstrate the V–O relation, and the elbow method was applied to determine the optimal case volume. For clinical interpretation, numbers needed to treat (NNTs) were calculated.

Results
One hundred and forty studies were included, comprising 38 276 patients. A significant non-linear V–O effect was observed (P &lt; .001), with a notable between-quartile difference in early mortality rate [10.3% (Q4) vs. 16.2% (Q1)]. The optimal annual case volume was determined at 38 cases/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 37–40 cases/year, NNT to save a life in a centre with the optimal volume vs. 10 cases/year = 21]. More pronounced between-quartile survival differences were observed for long-term survival [10-year survival (Q4) 69% vs. (Q1) 51%, P &lt; .01, adjusted hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.75–0.91 per quartile, NNT to save a life in a high-volume (Q4) vs. low-volume centre (Q1) = 6].

Conclusions
Using this novel approach, the optimal hospital case volume threshold was statistically determined. Centralization of ATAAD care to high-volume centres may lead to improved outcomes. This method can be applied to various other cardiovascular procedures requiring centralization.
Ordinary Weimar: Global Press Photography, ‘Distant Seeing’ and the Normalcy of Crisis in the 1920s
Authors: Zierenberg Malte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Press photography was an important medium of public communication in Germany in the 1920s. Scholarship on the topic has had two distinct foci. First, research on the ‘golden age’ of visual news has mainly concentrated on the visual coverage and political implications of singular events or certain topics. Secondly, the history of photography tends to concentrate on the period’s most prominent photographers, highlighting exceptional and high-quality examples of the genre. This article argues for a change of perspective, emphasizing press photography as an industry that disseminated thousands of pictures to a wide public. Focusing on its production side and a form of ‘distant seeing’ gives a better understanding of the transnational iconography of the present as it was manufactured within this professional field. Examining portfolios distributed by important actors, such as Georg Pahl’s Berlin-based photo agency, helps chart the visual media landscape through which people became acquainted with local events and national and international politics. This iconography contributed to an image of ‘Weimar’ as a society which appeared much more ‘normal’ and more comparable to the developments in other countries than ex post interpretations of Weimar as a society in crisis suggest. Global press photography fostered homogenization of the ‘mattering maps’ of a transnational public. This concentration on the global embedding of press photography and its products balances interpretations which use photographic sources to stress either the glamorous or the dramatic aspects of life in the 1920s. The transnational collation of visual news created an image of Weimar as only one among several societies challenged by modern crisis.
AAV-Vectored Expression of Marburg Virus–Neutralizing Antibody MR191 Provides Complete Protection From Challenge in a Guinea Pig Model
Authors: Rghei Amira D , Cao Wenguang , He Shihua , Lopes Jordyn A , Zielinska Nicole , Pei Yanlong , Thompson Brad , Banadyga Logan , Wootton Sarah K 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Although there are no approved countermeasures available to prevent or treat disease caused by Marburg virus (MARV), potently neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) derived from B cells of human survivors have been identified. One such mAb, MR191, has been shown to provide complete protection against MARV in nonhuman primates. We previously demonstrated that prophylactic administration of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing MR191 protected mice from MARV. Here, we modified the AAV-MR191 coding sequence to enhance efficacy and reevaluated protection in a guinea pig model. Remarkably, 4 different variants of AAV-MR191 provided complete protection against MARV, despite administration 90 days prior to challenge. Based on superior expression kinetics, AAV-MR191-io2, was selected for evaluation in a dose-reduction experiment. The highest dose provided 100% protection, while a lower dose provided ∼88% protection. These data confirm the efficacy of AAV-mediated expression of MR191 and support the further development of this promising MARV countermeasure.
Prevalence of erythromycin-resistant emm92-type invasive group A streptococcal infections among injection drug users in West Virginia, United States, 2021–23
Authors: Powell Lillie M , Choi Soo Jeon , Haught Breanna L , Demkowicz Ryan , LaSala P Rocco , Lukomski Slawomir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasing incidence of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease has been reported in Europe and the USA over the past several years. Coupled with this are observations of higher rates of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin.

Objectives
To characterize iGAS and pharyngitis isolates from West Virginia (WV), a US state outside of the national Active Bacteria Core surveillance purview, where risk factors associated with iGAS infections are prevalent.

Methods
Seventy-seven invasive group A Streptococcus isolates were collected from 67 unique patients at the J.W. Ruby Memorial Hospital Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in WV from 2021 to 2023. Invasive isolates and 20 unique pharyngitis isolates were tested for clindamycin and erythromycin susceptibility in the clinical laboratory. Patient demographic and clinical information was retrieved from patient electronic health records. Isolates were further characterized based on emm subtype and detection of MLSB resistance determinants.

Results
Twenty-six (39%) isolates were of a single emm92 type. All emm92 isolates were uniformly erythromycin/clindamycin resistant with inducible or constitutive MLSB resistance imparted by the plasmid-borne erm(T) gene. The majority of emm92 infections were associated with adult patients who reported IV drug use, whereas no pharyngitis infections were caused by an emm92 strain. Overall, 51 (76%) of the 67 iGAS isolates were determined to carry MLSB resistance.

Conclusions
Isolates of emm92 type (clonal subtype emm92.0) were associated with iGAS infections in adult IV drug users, but not with paediatric pharyngitis, and were uniformly resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin.
ClientEarth v Shell plc and the (Un)Suitability of UK Company Law and Litigation to Pursue Climate-Related Goals
Authors: Iglesias-Rodríguez Pablo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In February 2023, ClientEarth filed a derivative claim in the High Court of England and Wales against the Board of Directors of Shell plc for alleged breaches of their duties under the Companies Act 2006. According to ClientEarth, Shell’s Board of Directors has failed to put in place an energy transition strategy consistent with the Paris Agreement, increasing the exposure of Shell plc to climate risks and hindering its long-term commercial viability. This analysis assesses the legal grounds of ClientEarth’s claim in light of the UK’s company law framework, and the High Court’s judgements of May and July 2023 dismissing ClientEarth’s application. It argues that, despite the lack of solid legal grounds for ClientEarth’s derivative claim, this case may serve to advance climate-related goals. More generally, the analysis reflects on how this dispute evidences the growing gap between the objectives of environmental law on the one side and those of company law on the other side.
A Tale of Two Tails: A New Unique Information Share Measure Based on Copulas
Authors: Shi Yanlin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
I propose a novel measure of information share, termed tail information share (TIS), which focuses on modeling the tail dependence of price innovations using copulas. I discuss its detailed technical properties, including unique identifiability, estimation procedures, and statistical properties. The proposed TIS improves over two commonly used measures by providing meaningful economic rationale and unique identifiability. My simulation studies indicate that TIS can yield more accurate estimates of market-specific contributions to price discovery when tail dependence is present. Additionally, I demonstrate the asymptotic consistency and efficiency of TIS estimators. An empirical illustration is provided using a new dataset of high-frequency crude oil futures.
Autonomous Electron Tomography Reconstruction with Machine Learning
Authors: Millsaps William , Schwartz Jonathan , Di Zichao Wendy , Jiang Yi , Hovden Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Modern electron tomography has progressed to higher resolution at lower doses by leveraging compressed sensing (CS) methods that minimize total variation (TV). However, these sparsity-emphasized reconstruction algorithms introduce tunable parameters that greatly influence the reconstruction quality. Here, Pareto front analysis shows that high-quality tomograms are reproducibly achieved when TV minimization is heavily weighted. However, in excess, CS tomography creates overly smoothed three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions. Adding momentum to the gradient descent during reconstruction reduces the risk of over-smoothing and better ensures that CS is well behaved. For simulated data, the tedious process of tomography parameter selection is efficiently solved using Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes. In combination, Bayesian optimization with momentum-based CS greatly reduces the required compute time—an 80% reduction was observed for the 3D reconstruction of SrTiO3 nanocubes. Automated parameter selection is necessary for large-scale tomographic simulations that enable the 3D characterization of a wider range of inorganic and biological materials.
Periodic changes in the morphology of the Galactic resonance rings
Authors: Melnik A M , Podzolkova E N , Dambis A K 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the periodic enhancement of either trailing or leading segments of the resonance elliptical rings in the dynamical model of the Galaxy which reproduces distributions of observed velocities derived from Gaia DR3 (EDR3) data along the Galactocentric distance. The model disc forms a nuclear ring, an inner combined ring, and outer resonance rings R1 and R2. The backbone of the inner combined ring is banana-type orbits around the Lagrange equilibrium points L4 and L5. Orbits associated with the unstable equilibrium points L1 and L2 also support the inner ring. We have found the changes of the morphology of the inner ring with a period of P = 0.57 ± 0.02 Gyr, which is close to the period of revolution along the long-period orbits around the points L4 and L5. A possible explanation of these morphological changes is the formation of an overdensity which then begins circulating along the closed contour. In the region of the Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR), we have found the changes of the morphology of the outer rings with a period of P = 2.0 ± 0.1 Gyr. Probably, the morphological changes of the outer rings are due to the orbits trapped by the OLR. These orbits exhibit librations of the direction of orbital elongation with respect to the minor axis of the bar as well as the long-term variations in the stellar angular momentum, energy, average radius of the orbit, and eccentricity. Among many librating orbits, we discovered orbits with the libration period of P = 1.91 ± 0.01 Gyr, which may cause the morphological changes of the outer rings.
Milliarcsecond core size dependence of the radio variability of blazars
Authors: Hsu Po-Chih , Koay Jun Yi , Matsushita Satoki , Hwang Chorng-Yuan , Hovatta Talvikki , Kiehlmann Sebastian , Readhead Anthony , Max-Moerbeck Walter , Reeves Rodrigo 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Studying the long-term radio variability (time-scales of months to years) of blazars enables us to gain a better understanding of the physical structure of these objects on subparsec scales, and the physics of supermassive black holes. In this study, we focus on the radio variability of 1157 blazars observed at 15 GHz through the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Blazar Monitoring Program. We investigate the dependence of the variability amplitudes and time-scales, characterized based on model fitting to the structure functions, on the milliarcsecond core sizes measured by Very Long Baseline Interferometry. We find that the most compact sources at milliarcsecond scales exhibit larger variability amplitudes and shorter variability time-scales than more extended sources. Additionally, for sources with measured redshifts and Doppler boosting factors, the correlation between linear core sizes against variability amplitudes and intrinsic time-scales is also significant. The observed relationship between variability time-scales and core sizes is expected, based on light travel-time arguments. This variability versus core size relation extends beyond the core sizes measured at 15 GHz; we see significant correlation between the 15 GHz variability amplitudes (as well as time-scales) and core sizes measured at other frequencies, which can be attributed to a frequency–source size relationship arising from the intrinsic jet structure. At low frequencies of 1 GHz where the core sizes are dominated by interstellar scattering, we find that the variability amplitudes have significant correlation with the 1 GHz intrinsic core angular sizes, once the scatter broadening effects are deconvoluted from the intrinsic core sizes.
The hologenome ofDaphnia magnareveals possible DNA methylation and microbiome-mediated evolution of the host genome
Authors: Chaturvedi Anurag , Li Xiaojing , Dhandapani Vignesh , Marshall Hollie , Kissane Stephen , Cuenca-Cambronero Maria , Asole Giovanni , Calvet Ferriol , Ruiz-Romero Marina , Marangio Paolo , Guigó Roderic , Rago Daria , Mirbahai Leda , Eastwood Niamh , Colbourne John K , Zhou Jiarui , Mallon Eamonn , Orsini Luisa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractProperties that make organisms ideal laboratory models in developmental and medical research are often the ones that also make them less representative of wild relatives. The waterflea Daphnia magna is an exception, by both sharing many properties with established laboratory models and being a keystone species, a sentinel species for assessing water quality, an indicator of environmental change and an established ecotoxicology model. Yet, Daphnia’s full potential has not been fully exploited because of the challenges associated with assembling and annotating its gene-rich genome. Here, we present the first hologenome of Daphnia magna, consisting of a chromosomal-level assembly of the D. magna genome and the draft assembly of its metagenome. By sequencing and mapping transcriptomes from exposures to environmental conditions and from developmental morphological landmarks, we expand the previously annotates gene set for this species. We also provide evidence for the potential role of gene-body DNA-methylation as a mutagen mediating genome evolution. For the first time, our study shows that the gut microbes provide resistance to commonly used antibiotics and virulence factors, potentially mediating Daphnia's environmental-driven rapid evolution. Key findings in this study improve our understanding of the contribution of DNA methylation and gut microbiota to genome evolution in response to rapidly changing environments.
SFyNCS detects oncogenic fusions involving non-coding sequences in cancer
Authors: Zhong Xiaoming , Luan Jingyun , Yu Anqi , Lee-Hassett Anna , Miao Yuxuan , Yang Lixing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Fusion genes are well-known cancer drivers. However, most known oncogenic fusions are protein-coding, and very few involve non-coding sequences due to lack of suitable detection tools. We develop SFyNCS to detect fusions of both protein-coding genes and non-coding sequences from transcriptomic sequencing data. The main advantage of this study is that we use somatic structural variations detected from genomic data to validate fusions detected from transcriptomic data. This allows us to comprehensively evaluate various fusion detection and filtering strategies and parameters. We show that SFyNCS has superior sensitivity and specificity over existing algorithms through extensive benchmarking in cancer cell lines and patient samples. We then apply SFyNCS to 9565 tumor samples across 33 tumor types in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort and detect a total of 165,139 fusions. Among them, 72% of the fusions involve non-coding sequences. We find a long non-coding RNA to recurrently fuse with various oncogenes in 3% of prostate cancers. In addition, we discover fusions involving two non-coding RNAs in 32% of dedifferentiated liposarcomas and experimentally validated the oncogenic functions in mouse model.
The Politics of Babbling in Mum and the Sothsegger
Authors: Outhwaite Patrick 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article contends that the alliterative long-line poem Mum and the Sothsegger redefines and develops the meanings of the Middle English verb babelen (to babble). I argue that the Mum-poet shifted the meaning of the word from denoting idle prattle and nonsensical, infantile vocalizations into a simple and transparent form of communication that was ideal for telling truths. Those who babble are directly opposed to those who keep mum or communicate in a subtle and complex manner, obscuring and manipulating the truth through their confusing rhetoric and glosses. The Mum-poet pits simplicity against complexity in his political commentary, advocating for the most straightforward, utilitarian manner of speech in statecraft.
Comparison of Standard Calendar GA4+7 Plant Growth Regulator Programs to Applications Timed to Rainfall Events for Management of Scarf Skin, a Fruit Finish Disorder of Apple
Authors: Strickland David A. , Londo Jason P. , Cox Kerik D. 
Published: August 2023

Scarf skin is a fruit finish disorder of apple that leads to reduced grade quality and rejected crop loads. Although not established as a disorder specific to certain cultivars, the manifestation of the disorder is more apparent on red-skinned cultivars such as Gala and Stayman at harvest, where its whiteish cast is held in clear contrast with the redness of the mature fruit. The disorder afflicts fruit during the first 40 days after petal fall as the fruitlet is developing, although symptoms of the disorder may not be clearly visible until many months after. The exact causes of apple scarf skin are not well defined, although it is known that the presence of the disorder can be influenced by environment, fruit size, and some pesticides. Management currently relies on four applications of the plant hormones gibberellins A4 and A7 (GA4+7) during the first 40 days after bloom. Here, we describe our attempts to use a commercialized GA4+7 product (ProVide 10SG) starting at petal fall, with applications made after or before rainfall events, to ease rainfall's putative influence on scarf skin development. We compared our programs to the standard program over 4 years in research orchards and a commercial orchard but observed no consistent reduction in scarf skin severity or incidence of out-of-grade fruit, in part due to the year-to-year variability in the manifestation of scarf skin. Rainfall, at the thresholds defined, does not appear to be a sufficiently significant factor influencing scarf skin development such that a GA4+7 management program can be designed. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Stressed and Depressed: Prevalence of Anxiety and/or Depression in Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Davis Erin M. , Kauffman Mackenzie R. , Welborn Kelsey E. , Bachor Sarah , Miller Paul M. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
This research highlights the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression among physician assistant (PA) students compared with the general population. It is believed that the results of this study will encourage graduate programs to place a stronger emphasis on the mental health of students and create a more positive learning environment.

Methods
An original survey was created using questions from Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and several original questions. The survey was distributed using a SurveyMonkey link to directors of all accredited US PA programs. Program directors were asked to distribute the survey to their students. The survey remained open for 6 weeks, after which a cross-sectional statistical analysis was performed to compare the results with national anxiety and depression data in the United States.

Results
There is a statistically significant increase in the rate of occurrence of anxiety and/or depression among PA students compared with the general population. According to survey results, 84.4% of respondents experienced feelings of anxiety and 80.9% experienced feelings of depression while enrolled in PA school. Physician assistant students found the greatest need for anxiety and depression treatment during the didactic portion of their program.

Discussion
When compared with the national population, the level of anxiety in PA students was found to be 65.3% higher and the levels of depression in PA students to be 72.5% higher. These results should encourage PA programs and health care providers to take action regarding the mental health of future providers.