bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerobic exercise improves executive functions in females, but not males, without the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism
Authors: Barha Cindy K. , Starkey Samantha Y. , Hsiung G. Y. Robin , Tam Roger , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundAerobic exercise promotes cognitive function in older adults; however, variability exists in the degree of benefit. The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism and biological sex are biological factors that have been proposed as important modifiers of exercise efficacy. Therefore, we assessed whether the effect of aerobic exercise on executive functions was dependent on the BDNFval66met genotype and biological sex.MethodsWe used data from a single-blind randomized controlled trial in older adults with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (NCT01027858). Fifty-eight older adults were randomly assigned to either the 6 months, three times per week progressive aerobic training (AT) group or the usual care plus education control (CON) group. The secondary aim of the parent study included executive functions which were assessed with the Trail Making Test (B–A) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test at baseline and trial completion at 6 months.ResultsAnalysis of covariance, controlling for baseline global cognition and baseline executive functions performance (Trail Making Test or Digit Symbol Substitution Test), tested the three-way interaction between experimental group (AT, CON), BDNFval66met genotype (Val/Val carrier, Met carrier), and biological sex (female, male). Significant three-way interactions were found for the Trail Making Test (F(1,48) = 4.412,p < 0.04) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (F(1,47) = 10.833,p < 0.002). Posthoc analyses showed female Val/Val carriers benefited the most from 6 months of AT compared with CON for Trail Making Test and Digit Symbol Substitution Test performance. Compared with CON, AT did not improve Trail Making Test performance in male Val/Val carriers or Digit Symbol Substitution Test performance in female Met carriers.ConclusionsThese results suggest that future randomized controlled trials should take into consideration BDNF genotype and biological sex to better understand the beneficial effects of AT on cognitive function in vascular cognitive impairment to maximize the beneficial effects of exercise and help establish exercise as medicine for cognitive health.
The role of risk preferences: voluntary health insurance in rural Tanzania
Authors: Kagaigai Alphoncina , Grepperud Sverre 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundLower-middle-income countries (LMICs) have a common goal to achieve universal health coverage (UHC) through voluntary health insurance schemes. This is important to improve access to healthcare services and ensure financial protection for all by reducing out-of-pocket expenditures. This study aimed to examine the role of risk preferences on enrollment status (currently insured, previously insured, and never insured) into a Tanzanian voluntary health insurance scheme targeted at the informal sector.MethodsData were collected from households in a random sample of 722 respondents. The risk preference measure was based on a hypothetical lottery game which applies the BJKS instrument. This instrument measures income risk where the respondents are to choose between a certain income and a lottery. Both multinomial and simple logistic regression models have been used to analyze the relationship between risk aversion and enrollment status.ResultsOn average, the respondents have a high degree of risk aversion, and the insured are more risk averse than the uninsured (previously insured and never insured). There is a weak tendency for the wealthiest, measured by household income or total household expenditure, to be somewhat more risk averse than the less wealthy. Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions show that risk aversion is strongly associated with enrollment status. A higher degree of risk aversion significantly increases the probability of being insured, relative to being previously insured, and relative to being never insured.ConclusionRisk aversion matters in a decision to enroll into the iCHF scheme. Strengthening the benefit package for the scheme, might increase the enrollment rate and hence improve access to healthcare services for people in rural areas and those employed in the informal sector.
Book review of “Conservation and Community in Kenya: Milking the Elephant” by Carolyn Lesorogol
Authors: Homewood Katherine M. 
Published: April 2023

Book detailsBook review of Conservation and Community in Kenya: Milking the Elephant by Carolyn Lesorogol. Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Lexington. 2022. ISBN 9781793650290; e-ISBN 9781793650306.
Slit-Robo expression in the leech nervous system: insights into eyespot evolution
Authors: Kwak Hee-Jin , Medina-Jiménez Brenda I. , Park Soon Cheol , Kim Jung-Hyeuk , Jeong Geon-Hwi , Jeon Mi-Jeong , Kim Sangil , Kim Jung-Woong , Weisblat David A. , Cho Sung-Jin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Slit and Robo are evolutionarily conserved ligand and receptor proteins, respectively, but the number of slit and robo gene paralogs varies across recent bilaterian genomes. Previous studies indicate that this ligand-receptor complex is involved in axon guidance. Given the lack of data regarding Slit/Robo in the Lophotrochozoa compared to Ecdysozoa and Deuterostomia, the present study aims to identify and characterize the expression of Slit/Robo orthologs in leech development.

Results
We identified one slit (Hau-slit), and two robo genes (Hau-robo1 and Hau-robo2), and characterized their expression spatiotemporally during the development of the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella austinensis. Throughout segmentation and organogenesis, Hau-slit and Hau-robo1 are broadly expressed in complex and roughly complementary patterns in the ventral and dorsal midline, nerve ganglia, foregut, visceral mesoderm and/or endoderm of the crop, rectum and reproductive organs. Before yolk exhaustion, Hau-robo1 is also expressed where the pigmented eye spots will later develop, and Hau-slit is expressed in the area between these future eye spots. In contrast, Hau-robo2 expression is extremely limited, appearing first in the developing pigmented eye spots, and later in the three additional pairs of cryptic eye spots in head region that never develop pigment. Comparing the expression of robo orthologs between H. austinensis and another glossiphoniid leech, Alboglossiphonia lata allows to that robo1 and robo2 operate combinatorially to differentially specify pigmented and cryptic eyespots within the glossiphoniid leeches.

Conclusions
Our results support a conserved role in neurogenesis, midline formation and eye spot development for Slit/Robo in the Lophotrochozoa, and provide relevant data for evo-devo studies related to nervous system evolution.
Behaviour change interventions for responsible antimicrobial use on farms
Authors: Regan Áine , Burrell Alison , McKernan Claire , Martin Hannah , Benson Tony , McAloon Conor , Manzanilla Edgar Garcia , Dean Moira 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
In the coming years, major governance changes in the form of policy directives and regulations will catalyse major top-down change with respect to animal health on European farms in an effort to combat the OneHealth threat of antimicrobial resistance. This top-down approach must be met with bottom-up strategies to ensure target actors (namely, farmers and vets) are supported and motivated to change their practices, thus, avoiding unintended consequences of forced change. Although much behavioural research has explored the factors influencing antimicrobial practices on farms, a gap exists translating these findings into evidence-based behaviour change interventions that can be put into practice. The current study aims to fill this gap. It provides insights into identifying, understanding, and changing the behaviours of farmers and veterinarians with respect to the responsible use of antimicrobials in farming.

Results
Through an inter-disciplinary and multi-actor approach, the study combines scientific knowledge from the behavioural sciences and animal health sciences, coupled with tacit knowledge from a co-design, participatory approach to recommend seven behaviour change interventions that can help to support good practices amongst farmers and vets, with respect to animal health, and reduce the use of antimicrobials on farms. The behaviour change interventions include message framing; OneHealth awareness campaign; specialised communications training; on-farm visual prompts and tools; social support strategies (for both farmers and vets); and antimicrobial use monitoring. The study details each intervention with respect to their evidence base and scientific concept, grounded in behavioural science, along with stakeholder feedback on design and delivery of the interventions.

Conclusions
These behaviour change interventions can be taken, adapted, and put into practice by the agri-food community to support good animal health practices and responsible antimicrobial use on farms.
Ten circumstances and solutions for finding the sample mean and standard deviation for meta-analysis
Authors: Chi Kuan-Yu , Li Man-Yun , Chen Chiehfeng , Kang Enoch ,   Cochrane Taiwan
Published: April 2023

AbstractA common problem in meta-analyses is the unavailability of mean and standard deviation (SD). Unfortunately, only having values of the median, interquartile range (IQR), or range cannot be directly utilized for meta-analysis. Although some estimation and conversion methods have been proposed in the past two decades, there were no published and user-friendly tools developed based on multiple scenarios of missing SD. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a collection of possible circumstances of missing sample means or SD with solutions for teaching and research. A total of 10 common circumstances of missing SD or mean could have available statistics of p value, t value, z score, confidence interval, standard error, median, IQR, and range. Teachers and investigators can use relevant formulas for finding the sample mean and SD according to the available circumstance. Due to the complicated computations, our team provides a free available spreadsheet. With ever-evolving statistical methods, some formulas may be further improved in the future; therefore, it is recommended to involve statisticians in evidence-based practice or systematic reviews.
Measuring situation awareness in health care providers: a systematic review of measurement properties using COSMIN methodology
Authors: Ghaderi Chiman , Esmaeili Roghayeh , Ebadi Abbas , Amiri Mohammad Reza 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Situation awareness (SA) is a key factor in accountability and ensuring patient safety in health care. SA is an essential element to research on human factors in healthcare. It is essential to identify valid instruments for measuring this concept and assessing how it is affected by interventions and educational methods.

Methods
This systematic review aimed to assess the measurement properties of situation awareness instruments in health care providers’ (HCPS) using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. Four databases (Medline (through PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched. A manual search was also conducted on Google Scholar and the reference list of the included primary studies to supplement the electronic search. Studies aiming to determine the measurement properties of SA instruments or non-technical skills in HCPS were included. The overall results for each measurement property were reported as sufficient, insufficient, inconsistent, or indeterminate, and the quality of evidence was reported as high, moderate, low, or very low.

Results
A total of 25 studies and 15 instruments were included in the study. More than one measurement property was reported in some of the studies, and none of the studies presented all measurement properties. The most common measurement properties were content validity (12/25) and internal consistency (12/25). Cross‐cultural validity and responsiveness were not investigated in any study. Evidence quality for the measurement properties was not high in any of the 15 instruments.

Conclusions
None of the instruments can be recommended as the most suitable instrument, and all instruments were classified as promising instruments in need of further psychometric assessment. This systematic review proves the dire need for the development and psychometric evaluation of instruments to measure SA in HCPs in clinical settings.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO CRD42020147349.
Colonization of patients hospitalized at orthopedic department of tertiary hospital in Uganda with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterales
Authors: Bizimana Jules , Ndayisenga Jerome , Kajumbura Henry , Mulepo Phillip , Christine Najjuka Florence 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Beta-lactamase production remains the most contributing factor to beta-lactam resistance. Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) are associated with risk factors both in hospital and community settings.

Objectives
To assess the incidence and risk factors for intestinal carriage of ESBL-PE among patients admitted to orthopedic ward of Mulago National Referral Hospital, and to analyze the acquisition of ESBL-PE during hospital stay and associated factors.

Methods
We screened 172 patients aged 18 years old and above who got admitted to the orthopedic ward of Mulago National Referral Hospital between May to July 2017. Stool samples or rectal swabs were collected at admission, every 3 days until fourteen days and screened for ESBL-PE. Data on demographic status, antibiotic use, admission and travel, length of hospital stay, hygiene practices and drinking boiled water were analyzed by logistic regression and cox regression model.

Results
At admission, 61% of patients showed intestinal ESBL-PE carriage. Co- resistance was common but no Carbapenem resistance was detected. Of the ESBL-PE negative, 49% were colonized during hospitalization. On admission, prior antibiotic use was significantly associated with carriage, but none was associated with acquisition during hospitalization at p-value < 0.05.

Conclusion
Carriage of ESBL-PE on admissions and acquisition at orthopedic ward of Mulago Hospital were high, and dissemination into the community are of substantial concern. We suggested refinement of empirical treatment based on risk stratification, and enhanced infection control measures that target health care workers, patients and attendants.
Treatment of laundry wastewater using extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Mostafazadeh Ali Khosravanipour , Drogui Patrick , Tyagi R. D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe problem of management and treatment of wastewater from commercial laundries is a matter of concern. The present study provides an effective and eco-friendly solution to the treatment of wastewater from commercial laundries in Quebec (Canada) by using the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) as a bio-flocculant. EPS was produced from the valorization of crude glycerol and paper mill sludge by a bacterial strain (BS-04). Two different types of EPS: Slime EPS (S-EPS) and Broth EPS (B-EPS) were used for the treatment of commercial laundry wastewater (CLWW). This is the first study for the treatment of CLWW using bio-flocculant EPS. A comparison between the conventional treatment of laundry wastewater (LWW) by chemical coagulants (FeSO4, CaCl2, Alum) and enhanced treatment by bio-flocculant EPS has been drawn in the study. Moreover, LWW treatment by a combination of EPS and chemical coagulants was also investigated. It was observed that S-EPS (0.6 g/L) gave better flocculation activity (FA) than B-EPS. S-EPS alone can remove 83.20% of turbidity, 77.69% of suspended solids (SS), and 76.37% of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The best results were obtained by combining S-EPS (0.6 g/L) with alum (300 mg/L) at pH 7 for a treatment time of 30 min. This combination was able to remove 98% of turbidity, 95.42% of SS, and 83.08% of COD from LWW. When treatment time has been increased to 4 h at pH 7, it resulted in more than 88% COD removal from CLWW.
Graphical Abstract
Under the sun: adaptation effects to changes in facial complexion
Authors: Utz Sandra , Mueller Ronja , Strobach Tilo , Carbon Claus-Christian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Many Western people enjoy sunshine, and through the sun’s stimulated increase in melanin, the skin tone or skin complexion will darken (and lighten again during winter). Although the initial salience of such a new look is remarkable – especially in the face – we seem to adapt to this new look relatively quickly. Research on face adaptation in general repeatedly showed that the inspection of manipulated versions of faces (so-called adaptor faces) leads to a change of the perception of subsequently presented faces. The present study investigates face adaptation to very natural changes in faces such as changes in complexion.

Methods
During the adaptation phase in the present study, participants saw faces with either strongly increased or decreased complexion. After a pause of 5 min, participants had to identify the veridical (non-manipulated) face out of two faces (a face slightly manipulated in complexion combined with the non-manipulated face) during a test phase.

Results
Results show strong adaptation effects to decreased complexion intensities.

Discussion
It seems that we are updating our facial representations in memory quite quickly (i.e., optimizing our processing through adaptation) and seem to sustain those new representations over a certain timespan (at least 5 min). Our results demonstrate that changes in complexion draw our attention for deeper analysis (at least with decreased complexion). However, it loses its informative quality quickly via fast and relatively sustainable adaptation.
New insights into the function of Interleukin-25 in disease pathogenesis
Authors: Yuan Qingfang , Peng Na , Xiao Fan , Shi Xiaofei , Zhu Bo , Rui Ke , Tian Jie , Lu Liwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInterleukin-25 (IL-25), also known as IL-17E, is a cytokine belonging to the IL-17 family. IL-25 is abundantly expressed by Th2 cells and various kinds of epithelial cells. IL-25 is an alarm signal generated upon cell injury or tissue damage to activate immune cells through the interaction with IL-17RA and IL-17RB receptors. The binding of IL-25 to IL-17RA/IL-17RB complex not only initiates and maintains type 2 immunity but also regulates other immune cells (e.g., macrophages and mast cells) via various signaling pathways. It has been well-documented that IL-25 is critically involved in the development of allergic disorders (e.g., asthma). However, the roles of IL-25 in the pathogenesis of other diseases and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This review presents current evidence on the roles of IL-25 in cancers, allergic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, we discuss the unanswered key questions underlying IL-25-mediated disease pathology, which will provide new insights into the targeted therapy of this cytokine in clinical treatment.
Human tau-overexpressing mice recapitulate brainstem involvement and neuropsychiatric features of early Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Khan Kanza M. , Balasubramanian Nagalakshmi , Gaudencio Gabriel , Wang Ruixiang , Selvakumar Govindhasamy Pushpavathi , Kolling Louis , Pierson Samantha , Tadinada Satya M. , Abel Ted , Hefti Marco , Marcinkiewcz Catherine A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) poses an ever-increasing public health concern as the population ages, affecting more than 6 million Americans. AD patients present with mood and sleep changes in the prodromal stages that may be partly driven by loss of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem, but a causal relationship has not been firmly established. This is due in part to a dearth of animal models that recapitulate early AD neuropathology and symptoms. The goal of the present study was to evaluate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in a mouse model of AD that overexpresses human wild-type tau (htau) prior to the onset of cognitive impairments and assess these behavior changes in relationship to tau pathology, neuroinflammation, and monoaminergic dysregulation in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and locus coeruleus (LC). We observed depressive-like behaviors at 4 months in both sexes and hyperlocomotion in male htau mice. Deficits in social interaction persisted at 6 months and were accompanied by an increase in anxiety-like behavior in males. The behavioral changes at 4 months coincided with a lower density of serotonergic (5-HT) neurons, downregulation of 5-HT markers, reduced excitability of 5-HT neurons, and hyperphosphorylated tau in the DRN. Inflammatory markers were also upregulated in the DRN along with protein kinases and transglutaminase 2, which may promote tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Loss of 5-HT innervation to the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was also observed and may have contributed to depressive-like behaviors. There was also reduced expression of noradrenergic markers in the LC along with elevated phospho-tau expression, but this did not translate to a functional change in neuronal excitability. In total, these results suggest that tau pathology in brainstem monoaminergic nuclei and the resulting loss of serotonergic and/or noradrenergic drive may underpin depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in the early stages of AD.
Zero-sample mural superresolution reconstruction for enhanced perceptual quality
Authors: Cao Jianfang , Hu Xiaohui , Tian Yun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of texture loss and poor perceptual quality in low-resolution mural images, this paper proposes a zero-sample mural superresolution reconstruction method called EPZSSR to enhance perceptual quality, and the specific model is obtained by training the image. The algorithm takes the zero-shot superresolution method as the framework, randomly cuts the original image into a 128 * 128 size, performs Gaussian blurring on the image, uses Lanczos interpolation to downsample the smooth image to reduce artifacts, and uses convolutional attention module and skip connection to optimize the network structure. SmoothL1Loss is used to enhance the robustness of the model, and the PI value is introduced as the perceptual quality evaluation index. The experimental results show that compared with other superresolution reconstruction algorithms, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the algorithm in this paper is increased by 0.98–3.23 dB on average. The mural texture reconstruction effect is better, the PI value is reduced by 0.56 on average, the mural perception quality is better, and the running time is reduced by 89.68 s on average. It has a certain value for mural superresolution reconstruction.