bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with food safety practice and drinking-water quality of food establishments in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Mengesha Sisay Derso , Weldetinsae Abel , Alemu Zinabu Assefa , Dinssa Daniel Abera , Wagari Bedasa , Weldegebriel Mesaye Getachew , Serte Melaku Gizaw , Alemayehu Tsigereda Assefa , Kenea Moa Abate , Teklu Kirubel Tesfaye , Adugna Ermias Alemayehu , Gobena Waktole , Fikresilassie Getinet , Wube Wendayehu , Melese Abayew Wassie , Redwan Ekram , Tessema Masresha , Tollera Getachew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Globally, food and waterborne diseases remain a critical public health problem, although the issue is severe in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with food safety practices and the drinking water quality of food establishments.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 160 food outlets were enrolled using a systematic random sampling method. A structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect data. Descriptive, binary, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Drinking water samples were taken from the food establishments' drinking-water storage and were bacteriologically and chemically tested. Heat-sterilized bottles of 250 ml capacity for bacteriological and 1000 ml plastic bottles for chemical parameters were used to collect drinking-water samples.

Results
In this study, food establishments with female managers were 3.7 times higher in good food safety practices than those with male managers (AOR = 3.7, with 95% CI 1.33–10.21). Moreover, food establishments that owned trained food handlers in sanitation and hygiene were 4.8 times more likely to be in good food safety practices than those that did not have trained food handlers (AOR = 4.8, with 95% CI 1.37–17.00). Besides, food outlets with large service were 9.6 times higher in good food safety practices than those with small service (AOR = 9.6, with 95% CI 2.2–42.1). On the other hand, food outlets which had married managers were 0.3 times less likely to be in good food safety practices than those food establishments which had single managers (AOR = 0.3, with 95% CI 0.11–0.93). In this study, only 51% of the food establishments had good food safety practices. Besides, 29.5%, 16.8%, and 7.4% of the food outlets’ drinking-water samples were positive for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli, respectively.

Conclusion
Many vital factors influencing the food safety practice of food establishments were identified. Almost half of the food outlets had poor food safety practices. A significant number of drinking water samples from the food outlets' were contaminated. Therefore, food establishments should implement continuous monitoring and inspection systems to improve food safety practices. In addition, the government should implement an effective regulatory system to improve the food safety practices, water quality, sanitation, and hygiene services of the food outlets.
Testing evolutionary conflict theories for sexual and physical intimate partner violence in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Howard Janet A. , Gibson Mhairi A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to physical, sexual and psychological violence. Here an evolutionary approach is used to compare risk factors for male-to-female IPV perpetration, analysing physical and sexual IPV separately. Two hypotheses based on sexual conflict theory have been applied to IPV perpetration, but they remain largely untested using empirical data: (a) men perpetrate IPV in response to a perceived threat to their paternity certainty; and (b) IPV is caused by men pursuing a higher fertility optima than their partners, either within marriage (reproductive coercion) or outside marriage (paternal disinvestment). Demographic Health Survey data from couples in 12 sub-Saharan African countries (n = 25,577) were used to test these evolutionary hypotheses, using multilevel models and controlling for potential social and environmental confounds. The results show that evolutionary theory provides important insight into different risk factors by IPV type. Indicators of paternity concern are associated with an increased risk of both physical and sexual IPV, indicators of paternal disinvestment are associated with an increased risk of physical IPV only, while reproductive coercion is not associated with either IPV type. The risk factors identified here correspond with proximate-level explanations for IPV perpetration, but an evolutionary interpretation explains why these particular factors may motivate IPV in certain contexts.
Hegel's Case for Means and Ends: The Logic of ‘Teleology’
Authors: Maraguat Edgar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article offers a constructive reading of the ‘Teleology’ chapter in Hegel'sScience of Logic. I argue that it contains an apparently conclusive case for the abstract concepts of means and end (in the sense of ‘purpose’), which has remained unrecognized in the literature. I then show some implications of the fact that the argument is entirely abstract in Hegel's system.
Universal admission laboratory screening for severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) asymptomatic infection across a large health system
Authors: Cihlar Jennifer L. , Harris Bryan D. , Wright Patty W. , Humphries Romney M. , Taylor Caroline K. , Cherry Brandi R. , Talbot Thomas R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground:Admission laboratory screening for asymptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been utilized to mitigate healthcare-associated severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. An understanding of the impact of such testing across a variety of patient populations is needed.Methods:SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification admission testing results for all asymptomatic patients across 4 distinct inpatient facilities between April 20, 2020, and June 14, 2021, were analyzed. Positivity rates and the number needed to test (NNT) to identify 1 asymptomatic infected patient were calculated. Admission results were compared to COVID-19 community incidence rates for the system’s surrounding metropolitan service area. Using a national survey of hospital epidemiologists, a clinically meaningful NNT of 1:100 was identified.Results:In total, 51,187 tests were collected (positivity rate, 1.8%). During periods of high transmission, the NNT met the clinically relevant threshold in all populations. The NNT approached or met the threshold for most locations during periods of lower transmission. For all transmission levels, the NNT for fully vaccinated patients did not meet the threshold.Conclusions:Implementing an asymptomatic patient admission testing program can provide clinically relevant data based on the NNT, even during periods of lower transmission and among different patient populations. Limiting admission testing to non–fully vaccinated patients during periods of lower transmission may be a strategy to address resource concerns around this practice. Although the impact of such testing on healthcare-associated COVID-19 among patients and healthcare workers could not be clearly determined, these data provide important information as facilities weigh the costs and benefits of such testing.
First confirmed location ofCarcharhinus signatusin Puerto Rico
Authors: Schärer-Umpierre Michelle , Franqui-Rivera Glorimar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA new location record for the night shark,Carcharhinus signatus, is reported for Puerto Rico. DNA barcoding was used to confirm the photo identification of a shark captured incidentally by a small-scale commercial fisher. The adult female night shark was recovered from a depth of 330 m entangled in hook and line gear used in the deep-water snapper and grouper fishery. This record is the first confirmed sighting for Puerto Rico, increasing the shark species reported for the island and supporting its range up to the Mona Passage in the eastern Caribbean Sea.
Reconfiguring Voice in The End: Virtuosity, Technological Affordance and the Reversibility of Hatsune Miku in the Intermundane
Authors: Hui Jessica Tsun Lem 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article explores the technological affordances of vocal production software in performance through a case study of Shibuya Keīchirō's The End (2012). In the performance of this ‘humanless opera’, desires for pliability and fantasies of control are realised through the affordances of a singing voice synthesis software known as Vocaloid. By reflecting on The End's thematic focus on death and existentialism and on notions of vocal virtuosity, and by exploring the socio-technical processes by which the protagonist, virtual pop star Hatsune Miku, was constructed, the article provides an alternative narrative to vocal production and intermundane collaboration as it relates to the fluid and reversible configurations between voices, bodies and technologies in performance.
Emerging trends: Unfair, biased, addictive, dangerous, deadly, and insanely profitable
Authors: Church Kenneth , Schoene Annika , Ortega John E. , Chandrasekar Raman , Kordoni Valia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere has been considerable work recently in the natural language community and elsewhere on Responsible AI. Much of this work focuses on fairness and biases (henceforth Risks 1.0), following the 2016 best seller:Weapons of Math Destruction. Two books published in 2022, The Chaos MachineandLike, Comment, Subscribe, raise additional risks to public health/safety/security such as genocide, insurrection, polarized politics, vaccinations (henceforth, Risks 2.0). These books suggest that the use of machine learning to maximize engagement in social media has created a Frankenstein Monster that is exploiting human weaknesses with persuasive technology, the illusory truth effect, Pavlovian conditioning, and Skinner’s intermittent variable reinforcement. Just as we cannot expect tobacco companies to sell fewer cigarettes and prioritize public health ahead of profits, so too, it may be asking too much of companies (and countries) to stop trafficking in misinformation given that it is so effective and so insanely profitable (at least in the short term). Eventually, we believe the current chaos will end, like the lawlessness in Wild West, because chaos is bad for business. As computer scientists, this paper will summarize criticisms from other fields and focus on implications for computer science; we will not attempt to contribute to those other fields. There is quite a bit of work in computer science on these risks, especially on Risks 1.0 (bias and fairness), but more work is needed, especially on Risks 2.0 (addictive, dangerous, and deadly).
Racial Discrimination and Economic Factors in Redlining of Ohio Neighborhoods
Authors: Perzynski Adam , Berg Kristen A. , Thomas Charles , Cemballi Anupama , Smith Tristan , Shick Sarah , Gunzler Douglas , Sehgal Ashwini R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examined the influence of racial and ethnic identity of residents and housing market economic conditions on redlining. Data were extracted from archival area description forms from the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation for 568 Ohio neighborhoods from 1934–1940. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and redlining. Bivariate results indicated a strong association between the presence of African American residents and neighborhood redlining (OR = 40.9, 95% CI 22.9-72.8). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that some neighborhood characteristics were contributors to the decision to redline, including homes in poor condition (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 1.2-15.1), home vacancy (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), and housing prices (per thousand dollars) (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.2). Adjusting for these and other factors, the presence of African American residents remained a powerful predictor of redlining (OR = 13.8, 95% CI 4.4-42.8). Racial discrimination was the overriding factor in decisions to redline neighborhoods.
The Turning Point of the Aerosol Era
Authors: Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Faluvegi Greg , Nazarenko Larissa , Miller Ron L. , Kelley Maxwell , Schmidt Gavin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOver the CMIP6 historical period (1850–2014), aerosols provided the largest negative forcing compared to all other climate forcings via their ability to absorb or scatter solar radiation and alter clouds. Aerosols played an important role in counterbalancing warming by greenhouse gases (GHGs). Here we study aerosol forcing trends in the CMIP6 simulations of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ocean‐atmosphere ModelE version 2.1 (GISS‐E2.1‐G) using a fully coupled atmospheric composition configuration, including interactive gas‐phase chemistry, and either an aerosol microphysical (MATRIX) or a mass‐based aerosol (OMA) module. Simulations of the CMIP6 historical period are analyzed as well as four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) future scenarios for 2015–2100: SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5. The main conclusion of this study is that aerosol forcing in the GISS model has reached its turning point, switching from globally increasing to a decreasing trend in the first decade of the 21st century. This result is robust, independent of which aerosol module or SSP scenario is used. Non‐linear aerosol‐cloud interactions dominate as a forcing agent over aerosol‐radiation interactions. Aerosols' ability to counterbalance GHG forcing on the global scale is today at a level comparable to that at the beginning of the last century. In the 1980s, the decade of largest global aerosol loads, aerosols balanced up to 80% of GHG forcing. As a consequence, global warming of the last decades, which is primarily driven by greenhouse gases, has been augmented by the effect of decreasing aerosol cooling in our model. By the end of this century, following the SSP scenarios, aerosols will only counterbalance 0%–20% of GHG forcing, depending on model and on scenario.
Deriving Ionospheric Sporadic E Intensity From FORMOSAT‐3/COSMIC and FY‐3C Radio Occultation Measurements
Authors: Hu Tianyang , Luo Jia , Xu Xiaohua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe total electron content (TEC) profiles from the FORMOsa SATellite mission‐3/Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) and the Fengyun‐3C (FY‐3C) radio occultation (RO) missions during 2006 and 2019 are used to establish the models for deriving the ionospheric sporadic E (Es) critical frequency (foEs). Smax is derived as the maximum vertical gradient of TEC disturbance, which is extracted from a RO TEC profile using the singular spectrum analysis method. Three candidate conversion models are obtained by fitting Smax with foEs observed by collocated ionosondes, and the one with the best performance, the COSMIC&FY‐3C (CF) model, is applied for deriving foEs (foEsCF) from the TEC data of the two missions jointly. For comparison, the C model, which is of similar form as the CF model while being established without using the FY‐3C data, is applied for deriving foEs (foEsC) from the COSMIC TEC data only. The validations over four independent ionosonde stations demonstrate that mean improvements of 0.11 MHz (32%) in the absolute bias and 0.24 MHz (17%) in the root mean square error are obtained by foEsCF compared with foEsC. The spatiotemporal distributions of Es intensity during 2015 and 2019, presented respectively by foEsCF and foEsC, are further compared. The CF model provides more abundant and more detailed information about Es intensity distribution, which is most distinct at high latitudes where the contribution of FY‐3C RO TEC data is significant. Our results reveal that with the aging of the COSMIC satellites, FY‐3C TEC data is a valuable supplementary RO data source for Es‐related studies.
Transmission of foreshock waves through Earth’s bow shock
Authors: Turc L. , Roberts O. W. , Verscharen D. , Dimmock A. P. , Kajdič P. , Palmroth M. , Pfau-Kempf Y. , Johlander A. , Dubart M. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Soucek J. , Takahashi K. , Takahashi N. , Battarbee M. , Ganse U. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Earth’s magnetosphere and its bow shock, which is formed by the interaction of the supersonic solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field, constitute a rich natural laboratory enabling in situ investigations of universal plasma processes. Under suitable interplanetary magnetic field conditions, a foreshock with intense wave activity forms upstream of the bow shock. So-called 30 s waves, named after their typical period at Earth, are the dominant wave mode in the foreshock and play an important role in modulating the shape of the shock front and affect particle reflection at the shock. These waves are also observed inside the magnetosphere and down to the Earth’s surface, but how they are transmitted through the bow shock remains unknown. By combining state-of-the-art global numerical simulations and spacecraft observations, we demonstrate that the interaction of foreshock waves with the shock generates earthward-propagating, fast-mode waves, which reach the magnetosphere. These findings give crucial insight into the interaction of waves with collisionless shocks in general and their impact on the downstream medium.
Transcriptomic profiling of canine decidualization and effects of antigestagens on decidualized dog uterine stromal cells
Authors: Tavares Pereira Miguel , Kazemian Ali , Rehrauer Hubert , Kowalewski Mariusz P. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMaternal-stroma derived decidual cells, the only cell population in the canine placenta expressing the nuclear progesterone (P4) receptor (PGR), are crucial for the maintenance of canine pregnancy. Decreased circulating progesterone (P4) levels, or blockage of PGR function with antigestagens, terminate canine pregnancy. As an in vitro model for canine decidualization, dog uterine stromal (DUS) cells can be decidualized in vitro with cAMP. The antigestagens aglepristone and mifepristone ablate the expression of decidualization markers in DUS cells (e.g., PGR, PRLR, IGF1 or PTGES). Here, the transcriptome profile of DUS cells was investigated to acquire deeper insights into decidualization-associated changes. Additionally, effects mediated by antigestagens (competitive PGR blockers) in decidualized cells were assessed. Decidualization led to the upregulation of 1841 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P and FDR < 0.01) involved in cellular proliferation and adhesion, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, extracellular matrix organization, and vaso- and immunomodulation. The 1475 DEGs downregulated after decidualization were mostly associated with apoptosis and cell migration. In decidualized DUS cells, aglepristone modulated 1400 DEGs and mifepristone 1558 DEGs. Interestingly, around half of the identified DEGs were modulated by only one of the antigestagens. In all cases, however, PGR-blockage was mainly associated with an inversion of several decidualization-induced effects. Comparison between antigestagen-mediated effects and transcriptional changes in the canine placenta at term allowed the identification of 191 DEGs associated with diminished cell proliferation and adhesion, and vascular and immune modulation. This study emphasizes the importance of P4/PGR signaling for decidual cell function, providing new insights into the maintenance of canine pregnancy.
Special scattering regimes for conical all-dielectric nanoparticles
Authors: Kuznetsov Alexey V. , Canós Valero Adrià , Shamkhi Hadi K. , Terekhov Pavel , Ni Xingjie , Bobrovs Vjaceslavs , Rybin Mikhail V. , Shalin Alexander S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAll-dielectric nanophotonics opens a venue for a variety of novel phenomena and scattering regimes driven by unique optical effects in semiconductor and dielectric nanoresonators. Their peculiar optical signatures enabled by simultaneous electric and magnetic responses in the visible range pave a way for a plenty of new applications in nano-optics, biology, sensing, etc. In this work, we investigate fabrication-friendly truncated cone resonators and achieve several important scattering regimes due to the inherent property of cones—broken symmetry along the main axis without involving complex geometries or structured beams. We show this symmetry breaking to deliver various kinds of Kerker effects (generalized and transverse Kerker effects), non-scattering hybrid anapole regime (simultaneous anapole conditions for all the multipoles in a particle leading to the nearly full scattering suppression) and, vice versa, superscattering regime. Being governed by the same straightforward geometrical paradigm, discussed effects could greatly simplify the manufacturing process of photonic devices with different functionalities. Moreover, the additional degrees of freedom driven by the conicity open new horizons to tailor light-matter interactions at the nanoscale.
Decadal–centennial-scale solar-linked climate variations and millennial-scale internal oscillations during the Early Cretaceous
Authors: Hasegawa Hitoshi , Katsuta Nagayoshi , Muraki Yasushi , Heimhofer Ulrich , Ichinnorov Niiden , Asahi Hirofumi , Ando Hisao , Yamamoto Koshi , Murayama Masafumi , Ohta Tohru , Yamamoto Masanobu , Ikeda Masayuki , Ishikawa Kohki , Kuma Ryusei , Hasegawa Takashi , Hasebe Noriko , Nishimoto Shoji , Yamaguchi Koichi , Abe Fumio , Tada Ryuji , Nakagawa Takeshi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding climate variability and stability under extremely warm ‘greenhouse’ conditions in the past is essential for future climate predictions. However, information on millennial-scale (and shorter) climate variability during such periods is scarce, owing to a lack of suitable high-resolution, deep-time archives. Here we present a continuous record of decadal- to orbital-scale continental climate variability from annually laminated lacustrine deposits formed during the late Early Cretaceous (123–120 Ma: late Barremian–early Aptian) in southeastern Mongolia. Inter-annual changes in lake algal productivity for a 1091-year interval reveal a pronounced solar influence on decadal- to centennial-scale climatic variations (including the ~ 11-year Schwabe cycle). Decadally-resolved Ca/Ti ratios (proxy for evaporation/precipitation changes) for a ~ 355-kyr long interval further indicate millennial-scale (~ 1000–2000-yr) extreme drought events in inner-continental areas of mid-latitude palaeo-Asia during the Cretaceous. Millennial-scale oscillations in Ca/Ti ratio show distinct amplitude modulation (AM) induced by the precession, obliquity and short eccentricity cycles. Similar millennial-scale AM by Milankovitch cycle band was also previously observed in the abrupt climatic oscillations (known as Dansgaard–Oeschger events) in the ‘intermediate glacial’ state of the late Pleistocene, and in their potential analogues in the Jurassic ‘greenhouse’. Our findings indicate that external solar activity forcing was effective on decadal–centennial timescales, whilst the millennial-scale variations were likely amplified by internal process such as changes in deep-water formation strength, even during the Cretaceous ‘greenhouse’ period.