bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honey Traceability and Authenticity. Review of Current Methods Most Used to Face this Problem
Authors: Danieli Pier Paolo , Lazzari Filippo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this review, we have focused on analytical methods for characterizing the geographical and botanical origin of honey. We evaluated works concerning the methods most used in the analysis of the geographical and botanical origin of honey, paying particular attention to what has been used in the last decade. We investigated starting from the most common methods used at the beginning of this century, such as melissopalynological analysis, the analysis of the mineral profile or chemico-physical parameters, to the current state-of-the-art technologies and methods including the metabolomic and genomic approaches, the blockchain or Internet of Things. For each methodology, several examples have been given, and advantages and limitations are explained. Whereas currently only one approach is rarely used, many methods are used in combination because a combined approach usually leads to greater accuracy, also thanks to the current possibilities that multivariate statistical methods or chemometric methods offers us.
Molecular Diagnostic Survey of Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L., Pathogens and Parasites from Arkansas, USA
Authors: Cleary Dylan , Szalanski Allen L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Managed honey bee populations have fluctuated over the past several decades in the U.S. While a single factor has not been identified for these losses, the interaction between multiple biotic and abiotic stressors have been suggested to be responsible. Of major concern are several invasive parasite and pathogen species as well as colony management. A single honey bee colony often suffers from multiple harmful agents, that may act synergistically and cause greater declines in bee health. We conducted a survey to detect known and lesser-known honey bee parasites and pathogens. While previous research has primarily focused on commercially managed colonies, research is limited to pertaining parasite and pathogen prevalence in hobbyist managed colonies. Molecular diagnostics were used to screen 541 Arkansas (AR) honey bee colonies from 107 hobbyist beekeepers for eight A. mellifera parasite and pathogen species. Colony samples were obtained between 2015–2016 and represented forty-seven of the seventy-five AR counties. Vairimorpha ceranae (11.6% occurrence) and parasite Varroa destructor (49.4% occurrence) were relatively common in AR hobbyist colonies. Interestingly, the lesser-studied pathogenic trypanosome species, Lotmaria passim, was detected in 11.3% of the colonies and widespread in twenty of the forty-seven counties sampled. None of the honey bee pathogens Vairimorpha apis, Spiroplasma apis, S. melliferum, Crithidia mellificae, or the parasitic phorid fly, Apocephalus borealis, were detected in the colonies sampled. This study provides an extensive assessment of the parasite and pathogen species occurring at the AR state-level in hobbyist-managed honey bee colonies.
Pressure drops during the flow of solutions of cocamidopropyl betaine and cocamide DEA mixtures with the addition of ethylene glycol
Authors: Sylwia Różańska , Jacek Różański , Patrycja Wagner , Ewelina Warmbier 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental studies on pressure drops during the flow of cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) and DEA cocamide solutions with the addition of ethylene glycol. The degree of drag reduction during the flow of the CAPB/DEA aqueous solution and with the 10% addition of ethylene glycol was similar. A significant reduction in pressure drops was also observed at the 20% concentration of ethylene glycol. However, the increase in the concentration of ethylene glycol resulted in the reduction of flow resistance at higher temperatures. The resistance of the micellar microstructure of CAPB/DEA solutions to mechanical degradation depends strongly on the pH level. Significant changes in flow properties were observed when the initial pH was alkaline. The solution with initial pH close to neutral was stable over time, though reduced resistance to degradation with time was also observed.
Representations of Communism among Romanian Teenagers: A Research Note
Authors: Gheorghiţă Andrei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A long time after the 1989 regime change, teenagers’ representations of the communist past are entirely a matter of political socialization. In the absence of any direct experience with the former regime, their perspective on Communism is expected to develop exclusively in relation to school, family, mass media or other agents of socialization. This research note explores the Romanian teenagers’ representations of the communist past based on survey data collected on a sample of 5,861 students enrolled in 86 schools across the entire country in 2010. A form of ‘second-hand’ nostalgia for Communism is identified among many of the teenagers investigated, regarded as an outcome of socialization in relation to family and school. Positive representations of the communist past appear to be facilitated by a lower socio-economic status, lower education, and the absence of travelling abroad experiences.
Optimal allocation for equal probability two-stage design
Authors: Molefe Wilford 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper develops optimal designs when it is not feasible for every cluster to be represented in a sample as in stratified design, by assuming equal probability two-stage sampling where clusters are small areas. The paper develops allocation methods for two-stage sample surveys where small-area estimates are a priority. We seek efficient allocations where the aim is to minimize the linear combination of the mean squared errors of composite small area estimators and of an estimator of the overall mean. We suggest some alternative allocations with a view to minimizing the same objective. Several alternatives, including the area-only stratified design, are found to perform nearly as well as the optimal allocation but with better practical properties. Designs are evaluated numerically using Switzerland canton data as well as Botswana administrative districts data.
The Relationship between Fiscal Policy and Civil Liberty on Per capita GDP in Indonesia during 1980-2018
Authors: Sari Vita Kartika , Cahyadin Malik 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Fiscal policy has a contribution to community welfare. Many empirical findings explained the relationship between the fiscal component and per capita income. In addition, civil liberty is a driving factor in economic life. Thus, this study estimated the relationship between fiscal policy and civil liberty on Per capita GDP in Indonesia during 1980-2018. The VAR and Bayesian VAR estimation models were selected and relevant to the a-theoretic economic variables. The empirical findings showed that the tax ratio contributed significantly to inhibit the increase in Per capita GDP, barriers to parties resulted in damaging Per capita GDP, but access to justice improved Per capita GDP. Thus, the Indonesian government should be able to encourage fiscal allocations for strategic and productive programs. In addition, the Indonesian government should also protect and guarantee civil liberties in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.
Key words: government expenditure, tax ratio, external debt, civil liberty, Per capita GDP
JEL Classification: E01, E02, E62, H63
SOCIAL AND FINANCIAL EFFICIENCY OF LEMBAGA PERKREDITAN DESA
Authors: Baskara IGde Kajeng , Suarjaya AnakAgung Gede 
Published: December 2022

Efficiency in managing microfinance institutions in villages has an impact upon the social economic level within village communities. Other than that of efficiency in financial performance, efficiency in social performance has gained significant amount of attention. Village Credit Institution or Lembaga Perkreditan Desa (LPD) is considered a Microfinance Institution or Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) that is based on Balinese village culture in Bali, Indonesia. This research will measure the efficiency of financial and social performances of 38 of the largest Village Credit Institution in Bali that have assets accumulated above 100 Billion Rupiah. The measurement for the efficiencies performance will utilize a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model in which analyzes the total assets, operational costs and the number of employees as part of the input and operational income, the number of loans, the number of savings and social performances as part of output. The results of this research can show that social and financial performance in Bali having efficient management.
Pengaruh Rasio Bahan:Pelarut dan Waktu Ekstraksi dengan Gelombang Mikro terhadap Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Kopi Robusta Sebagai Sumber Antioksidan
Authors: Sukma Gek Ulan , Putra G. P. Ganda , Wrasiati L. P. 
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh rasio bahan dengan pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi dengan gelombang mikro serta mendapatkan rasio bahan dengan pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi terbaik yang dapat menghasilkan ekstrak etanol kulit buah kopi robusta sebagai sumber antioksidan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial yang dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan waktu pelaksanaan dan terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah rasio bahan:pelarut yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1:20 ; 1:30; 1:40. Faktor kedua yaitu waktu ekstraksi yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 5, 10, dan 15 menit. Data dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji BNJ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio bahan dengan pelarut dan waktu ekstraksi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rendemen, total fenolik, dan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50). Interaksi antar perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dan total flavonoid. Interaksi total fenolik berpengaruh nyata, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen ekstrak etanol kulit buah kopi robusta. Perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini adalah rasio 1:30 dengan waktu ekstraksi selama 10 menit menggunakan gelombang mikro dengan karakteristik rendemen sebesar 8,86 ± 0,08%, total fenol sebesar 8,55 ± 0,13 mg GAE/g ekstrak, total flavonoid sebesar 6,87 ± 0,12 mg QE/g ekstrak, dan aktivitas antioksidan (IC50) sebesar 102,06 ± 0,14 ppm ekstrak.
PENGARUH SUHU DAN LAMA BLANSIR TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BUBUK BUNGA KENOP (Ghomprena glo-bosa L)
Authors: Evitasari Cesarini Luh Putu Ayu , Wartini Ni Made , Wrasiati Luh Putu 
Published: December 2022

Bunga kenop merupakan salah satu bunga yang mempunyai kandungan betasianin yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai pewarna alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lama blansir terhadap karakteristik bubuk bunga kenop (Ghomprena globosa L.) dan menemukan suhu dan lama blansir terbaik untuk karakteristik bubuk bunga kenop. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah suhu (S) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu 70, 80, dan 90?C. Faktor kedua adalah lama blansir (L) yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu 1. 3 dan 5 menit. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali sehingga mendapatkan 18 unit percobaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis ragam dan apabila diperoleh hasil yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap variabel yang diamati, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey dengan taraf signifikan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu blansir berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar total betasianin dan tingkat kecerahan (L*), namun tidak berpengaruh pada kapasitas antioksidan, tingkat kemerahan (a*), serta tingkat kekuningan (b*). Perlakuan lama blansir hanya berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kecerahan (L*) saja dan tidak berpengaruh pada kadar air, kadar total betasianin, kapasitas antioksidan, tingkat kemerahan (a*), serta tingkat kekuningan (b*). Perlakuan suhu blansir 80?C dengan lama blansir 3 menit, merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam menghasilkan bubuk bunga kenop dengan karakteristik kadar air sebesar 12,26 %, kadar total betasianin sebanyak 99,87 mg/100g, kapasitas antioksidan sebesar 388,21 mg/g, tingkat kecerahan (L*) 25,14, tingkat kemerahan (a*) 11,24, dan tingkat kekuningan (b*) 13,06.
Pemasaran Produk Kecantikan Melalui Digital Marketing Pada Saat Pandemi Covid 19 (Studi Kasus: UMKM UD. Bungan Jepun)
Authors: Lebo Wini Elisabeth Hungaria , Wiranatha A. A. P. A. S. , Satriawan I K. 
Published: December 2022

This study was motivated by the effects of the covid 19 pandemic in which it caused UMKM UD. Bungan Jepun suffered a severe economic crisis. To overcome this, UMKM UD. Bungan Jepun implements digital marketing as a marketing medium for beauty products. This study was aimed to determine the implementation of digital marketing, to find out what are the most dominant variables that affect marketing of beauty product and to find out what digital marketing variables affect the marketing effectiveness of UMKM UD. Bungan Jepun. The number of respondents were obtained using the slovin method from a population of 300 and an error rate of 10% so as to produce 75 respondents. The data analysis method used descriptive statistical analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing (t). Digital marketing applied by UMKM UD. Bungan Jepun, namely through: Facebook (UD. Bungan Jepun), Instagram (bungan. jepun), Website (Ud. Bungan Jepun), WhatsApp (0813-3779-0279), Shopee (Bungan Jepun UD) and Tokopedia (Ud. Bungan Jepun). The results of descriptive statistical analysis showed that the responses from 75 respondents on average all had a strongly agree rating where the highest value was the Shopee indicator with an average of 4.67 and a standard deviation of 0.671. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that of the 11 indicators of implementing beauty product marketing through digital marketing (Facebook (X1), Instagram (X2), Website (X3), WhatsApp (X4), Shopee (X5), Tokopedia (X6), Attention (Y1), Interest (Y2), Search (Y3), Action (Y4) and Share (Y5)) each form 1 factor. The results of hypothesis testing show that there are 13 variables X (digital marketing) that partially affect the Y variable (marketing effectiveness) and there are 17 X variables (digital marketing) that do not partially affect the Y variable (marketing effectiveness).

Keywords: digital marketing, covid 19 pandemic
Perancangan Bilah Tipe Taperless dengan Menggunakan Airfoil S2046
Authors: Ardiansyah Yogi , Gusniar LIwan Nugraha , Oleh Oleh 
Published: December 2022

Krisis kebutuhan energi mendorong masyarakat global untuk mengatasi dominasi pembangkit sumber energi berbahan bakar fosil. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sumber energi baru terbarukan yang dinilai memiliki sumber energi yang akan terus terbaharui. PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara terletak di pesisir Pantai Selatan Kabupaten Tasikmalaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang telah berhasil mengembangkan pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu skala mikro The Sky Dancer 500. Dengan jenis desain bilah yang digunakan oleh TSD 500, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain dan mengetahui karakteristik desain bilah dengan jenis NACA airfoil S2046. Dalam melakukan perancangan, digunakan metode studi literatur, pemilihan airfoil, menganalisis hasil simulasi performa airfoil, menentukan desain NACA airfoil yang terbaik dan dilakukan finalisasi dengan menggambar desain bilah dari NACA yang telah dianalisis. Perancangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan data kecepatan angin maksimum di PT LBN sebesar 12 m/s. Perancangan dan simulasi performa dilakukan menggunakan software Qblade dengan membandingkan hasil dari desain perancangan bilah menggunakan NACA airfoil S2046. Diperoleh hasil perangan dan simulasi NACA airfoil S2046 memiliki karakteristik titik TSR puncak pada 5.0.
The energy demand crisis has pushed the global community to overcome the dominance of fossil fuel energy sources. One of the efforts made is by utilizing new renewable energy sources which are considered to have energy sources that will continue to be renewed. PT Lentera Bumi Nusantara located on the southern coast of Tasikmalaya Regency is one of the companies that has succeeded in developing a micro-scale wind power plant The Sky Dancer 500. With the type of blade design used by the TSD 500, this study aims to design and determine the resulting performance. of blade designs with different NACA airfoil types. In doing the design, the literature study method was used, airfoil selection, analyzed the results of the airfoil performance simulation, determined the best NACA airfoil design and finalized it by drawing the blade design of the analyzed NACA. The design is carried out using maximum wind speed data at PT LBN of 12 m/s. The design and performance simulation was carried out using Qblade software by comparing the results of the blade design using the NACA airfoil S2046. The results of the design and simulation of NACA airfoil S2046 have an efficiency value of 49%.
Analisis Energi – Eksergi Penambahan SRO pada Sistem Exhaust Mesin Diesel Dual Fuel
Authors: Wirawan Jhony Langgeng Baruna , Kusuma I Gusti Bagus Wijaya , Adyana I Wayan Bandem 
Published: December 2022

Penambahan sistem SRO pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Diesel Gas merupakan salah satu upaya untuk memanfaatkan panas sisa dari gas buang mesin diesel. Analisis penambahan sistem SRO ini dilakukan dalam simulasi menggunakan software Aspen Plus®. Model yang digunakan dalam SRO ini adalah SRO sederhana, SRO WHRPG, dan SRO dengan recuperator. Penambahan SRO diharapkan mampu meningkatkan energi listrik yang dihasilkan, efisiensi, dan menurunkan temperatur gas buang mesin diesel. Kinerja sistem dianalisis untuk keseimbangan energi dan eksergi. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan peningkatan performa pada PLTDG setelah dikombinasikan dengan SRO WHRPG. Daya listrik yang dihasilkan adalah 15.158,07 kW dengan efisiensi energi sebesar 36,35% dan efisiensi eksergi sebesar 33,17%. Dengan penambahan WHRPG SRO juga dapat menurunkan temperatur gas buang hingga 532,14 K.
The addition of an SRO system in a diesel-gas power plant is one of the efforts to utilize the residual heat from diesel engine exhaust gas. The analysis of the addition of this SRO system was carried out in a simulation using the Aspen Plus® software. The models used in this SRO are simple SRO, WHRPG SRO, and SRO with recuperator. The addition of SRO is expected that it can increase the electrical energy generated, efficiency, and reduce the diesel engine exhaust gas temperature. The system performance will be analysed for energy balance and eksergi. In this study, the performance of diesel-gas power plant increased after it was combined with WHRPG SRO. The electrical power produced is 15,158.07 kW with an energy efficiency of 36.35% and an eksergi efficiency of 33.17%. With the addition of WHRPG SRO, it can also reduce the exhaust gas temperature up to 532.14 K.
Studi Kinetika dan Energi Aktivasi pada Proses Pirolisis Makroalga Ulva Lactuca (Selada Laut)
Authors: Arya Darma I Wayan , Tenaya I Gusti Ngurah Putu 
Published: December 2022

Energi yang bersumber dari bahan bakar fosil merupakan komoditas penting bagi pembangunan ekonomi dan berkelanjutan. Namun, peningkatan populasi dan industrialisasi telah memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap inflasi permintaan energi secara global yang mengarah pada konsumsi sumber daya energi yang tidak terkendali. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan alternatif pengganti bahan bakar fosil yang terbarukan dan berkelanjutan. Sumber bahan bakar alternatif salah satunya adalah biomassa seperti makroalga Ulva Lactuca yang memiliki kandungan utama protein, karbohidrat dan triasilgliserol dimana melalui teknik pirolisis dapat diproses menjadi bio-oil. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian proses pirolisis makroalga Ulva Lactuca dengan tujuan mengetahui laju kinetika dan besaran energi aktivasinya. Instrumen pada pengujian ini menggunakan Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Ulva Lactuca yang sudah kering dicacah menjadi butiran-butiran halus dengan ukuran mesh 60, selanjutnya dikeringkan dalam oven listrik pada temperatur 1100C selama 4 jam kemudian dilakukan pengujian pada TGA pada heating rate berbeda: 10, 20 dan 30 K.menit-1 dengan temperatur maksimum 1224 K. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dengan metode laju kinetika menggunakan alat uji TGA dapat menentukan besarnya energi aktivasi. Pada pirolisis makroalga Ulva Lactuca menunjukkan energi aktivasi terendah dicapai pada heating rate 20 K.menit-1 dengan nilai 5.508,607 [KJ.mol-1].
Energy sourced from fossil fuels is an important commodity for economic and sustainable development. However, increasing population and industrialization have contributed significantly to global energy demand inflation leading to uncontrolled consumption of energy resources. Therefore, an alternative to renewable and sustainable fossil fuels is needed. One of the alternative fuel sources is the Ulva Lactuca macroalgae biomass which has the main protein content, carbohydrates and triacylglycerol which through pyrolysis techniques such as bio-oil. In this study, the pyrolysis process of Ulva Lactuca was tested with the aim of knowing the kinetics rate and the amount of activation energy. The instrument in this test uses Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Ulva Lactuca was chopped into fine granules with a mesh size of 60, then dried in an oven at 1100C for 4 hours then tested on TGA at different heating rates: 10, 20 and 30 K.min-1 with maximum temperature 1224 K. The results showed the rate kinetics method using the TGA test could determine the amount of activation energy. In the pyrolysis of Ulva Lactuca, the lowest activation energy was achieved at a heating rate of 20 K.min-1 with a value of 5.508.607 [KJ.mol-1].
اتجاهات طلبة قسم الإعلام نحو البرامج الدينية في القنوات الفضائية الكوردية )دراسة ميدانية(
Authors: Rustam Muhamad Wria 
Published: December 2022

تهدف هذه الدراسة للتعرف على اتجاهات طلبة قسم الإعلام بجامعه‌ صلاح الدین نحو البرامج الدينية في القنوات الفضائية الكوردية خلال شهر رمضان الكريم، ومعرفة مدى متابعة هذه البرامج من قبل طلبة قسم الإعلام ودوافع اعتمادها٬ ومن اجل تحقيق هذه الاهداف تم الأعتماد على أداة استمارة الأستبيان، لذلك تعتبر هذه الدراسة من الدرسات الوصفية‌، حيث استخدم الباحث المنهج المسحي.
وقد تضمنت استمارة الاستبيان مجموعة من الأسئلة لقياس تلك الاتجاهات، وتم اختيار عينة من طلبة قسم الإعلام في كلية الآداب بجامعة صلاح الدين قوامها 120مفردة من طلاب وطالبات مرحلة البكالوريوس بجميع مراحلها، ممثلة للمتغيرات الديموغرافية (النوع، العمر، المرحلة الدراسية ).

خلصت الدراسة إلى إفتقار معظم البرامج الدينية إلى المهنیة واللغة الإعلامیة المتمیزة و الخطاب الإعلامي المسؤول، كما نلاحظ أن برامجها لا ترتقي إلى مستوى ما یقدم في هذا الشهر، وتفتقر للإبداع الذي یجب أن یتوفر في تلك البرامج من ناحیة الشكل واللغة الإعلامیة السلیمة والراقیة.
الصحابي الحكم بن عمرو الغفاري ومحنته
Authors: Saleh Omar Amjad , Mohamed Bassam Mohsen 
Published: December 2022

تناول البحث سيرة الصحابي الحكم بن عمرو الغفاري والمحنة التي عاشها قبل وفاته والتي يعتقد انها كانت سبباً رئيسياً لوفاته سنة 50 هجرية في عهد الخليفة الاموي معاوية بن ابي سفيان، وقد مثل الصحابي الحكم بن عمرو الغفاري جيلا من الصحابة المخضرمين الذين عاشوا وماتوا بين ثلاثة عصور ، عصر الرسالة وعصر الخلافة الراشدة والخلافة الاموية، فكانت حياته شاهدة على احداث عظيمة وجسيمة في التاريخ الاسلامي في هذه العصور الثلاث، وكونه نشأ وشبَّ في عصر النبي r وروى عنه ، فقد تشرب العلم والفقه منه مباشرة ومن الخلفاء الراشدين الامر الذي انعكس على شخصيته فأصبح من الشخصيات التي كانت لها مكانتها في العصر الاموي فأصبح والياً لبني أمية على اقليم خراسان في المشرق الاسلامي طوال خمس سنوات وقائدا عسكريا ايضا في الفتوحات هناك، الا انه في نهاية المطاف دخل في محنة مع ولاة بني أمية في اختلاف وجهات النظر في الحكم والادارة في أمور الرعية هناك، الامر الذي دفعه الى الاعتكاف وترك أمور الحكم واعتزلها اخر ايامه، وقيل انه عزل من قبل والي العراق زياد بن ابيه، الا ان الحكم كان قد دعا ربه ان يقبض روحه خشية وخوفاً من الوقوع في مفسدة الحكم، وهذا ما حصل في نهاية المطاف فقد توفي سنة 50 هجرية ليقدم لنا مثالا حيا على الزهد بكل المناصب الدنيوية خوفاً من الله تعالى في رعيته.