bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related misinformation and public governance of COVID-19 in South Africa
Authors: Kariuki Paul , Ofusori Lizzy Oluwatoyin , Goyayi Maria Lauda , Subramaniam Prabhakar Rontala 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to examine health-related misinformation proliferation during COVID-19 pandemic and its implications on public governance in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
Because of COVID-19 related restrictions, this study conducted a systematic review. The researchers searched several search engines which include PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus to identify relevant studies. A total of 252 peer reviewed research papers were identified. These research papers were furthered filtered, and a total of 44 relevant papers were eventually selected

Findings
There is a relationship between the spread of health-related misinformation and public governance. Government coordination and institutional coherence across the different spheres of governance is affected when there are multiple sources of information that are unverified and uncoordinated.

Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to a systematic review because of COVID-19 restrictions, and therefore, actual data could not be collected. Moreover, this study was limited to health-related communication, and therefore, its findings can only be generalized to the health sector.

Practical implications
Future research in this subject should consider actual data collection from the departments of health and communications to gain an in-depth understanding of misinformation and its implications on public governance from their perspective as frontline departments as far as government communication is concerned.

Social implications
Misinformation is an impediment to any fight against a public health emergency. Institutions which regulate communications technology and monitor misinformation should work harder in enforcing the law to deter information peddlers from their practice. This calls for reviewing existing regulation so that online spaces are safer for communicating health-related information.

Originality/value
Effective health communication remains a priority for the South African Government during COVID-19. However, with health-related misinformation on the increase, it is imperative to mitigate the spread to ensure it does not impede effective public governance. Government departments in South Africa are yet to develop policies that mitigate the spread of misinformation, and this paper may assist them in doing so.
Meritocracy or aristocracy? Appraising the performance appraisal systems
Authors: Akhtar Junaid , Abdullah Iqra 
Published: January 2023

Learning outcomes
The aim of the case is to understand the performance management system of academic staff members in higher education institution. Furthermore, students would be able to compare two performance appraisal policies and analyze which one could better serve the purpose considering the context of educational institution. The case would help students understand the performance dynamics of the academic staff and how the performance management system in place affect employees.

Case overview/synopsis
The case study presents a troubling situation faced by Asim Khan, a newly appointed director of the Midland University, regarding retention of the faculty. Upon joining Midland, Khan noticed a trend that faculty who was serving the university from many years are leaving the organization one after the other. He decided to revise the faculty policies that he believed was the root cause of faculty turnover in Midland. He formulated a committee to review the existing policies and revamp if required. The committee identified some flaws in the faculty appraisal policy in place at that time and formulated a new one with the consultation of top management. However, when the new appraisal policy was presented to the faculty, few faculty members raised their eyes over a few aspects of the proposed policy. As the new academic year was approaching, Khan had to make an important decision after critically analyzing the pros and cons of both policies that which of the two should be followed for the upcoming year’s appraisals.

Complexity academic level
The case can potentially be used in the post-graduate courses in MBA programs offering a major in human resource management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management.
The role of country of origin image, brand image and eWOM in the intention to receive the Sinopharm vaccine
Authors: Ghorbanzadeh Davood , Shabbir Muhammad Salman 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThis study aims to explain the factors associated with receiving a specific brand of Covid-19 vaccine within the framework of the theory of reasoned action. The study extends the theory of reasoned action with the country of origin image, brand image and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) variables.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted among 460 people who received the Sinofarm vaccine. Participants were selected using an online convenience sampling method. The structural equation modeling (SEM) technique tests the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that the essential factor associated with the intent to get the Chinese Sinopharm vaccine is the attitude toward the Signopharm vaccine. Also, WOM, subjective norms and brand image are the most critical factors that play a role in forming a favorable attitude toward the Sinopharm vaccine. Finally, the country-of-origin image does not affect attitudes toward the Sinopharm vaccine.Originality/valueThe area of vaccine marketing has been given limited attention in academic literature. This study addresses this area with little research and is greatly attractive to many brands targeting the consumer market. The study results can form a foundation for creating the branding strategy of this product category and assessing its demand in various markets.
Financial inclusion in Egypt: the road ahead
Authors: Hassouba Taghreed Abdelaziz 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe literature review stated that financial inclusion (FI) influences economic growth through different channels. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the underlying process of FI in Egypt theoretically, and to derive some policy implications for promoting the process and achieving more improvement in different financial and economic aspects, that is basically through discussing the opinions of FI's main stockholders in Egypt.Design/methodology/approachThe analysis used secondary data from the Global Findex and FAS Database, namely, automated teller machines, outstanding deposits and loans with commercial banks, debit and credit cards ownership. The research particularly used scientific methods as method of deduction, methods of graphical and tabular representation of data, comparative analysis and synthesis of partial knowledge. The paper is also based on a descriptive approach in addition to in-depth interviews with the main stakeholders of the financial inclusion process in Egypt.FindingsThe analyzed results of interviews revealed that new FI vision should have a deep understanding of the financial lives of the poor and low-income groups, including how they acquire, manage and use their money. However, the impact is becoming more prominent for the efficiency of the banking system and hence economic growth rather a regulatory and sound institutional framework enhances it. This finding supported the fact that Egypt can design an appropriate FI strategy, but the main challenge is how to implement it with the required speed and outreach capacity, especially in underprivileged communities.Research limitations/implicationsThe result of this study has interesting implications for Egypt's ability to attain effective FI initiatives that promote sound financial choices and behavior which in turn help to stimulate financial and economic growth.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the literature by assessing the FI level in Egypt, its implications and how it should be enhanced for better performance and results in the future. It addresses the deep fact of this process through inclusive surveys and interviews that help in determining the road ahead.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of bosentan in Japanese patients with systemic sclerosis: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Ishikawa Mai , Endo Yukie , Yamazaki Sahori , Sekiguchi Akiko , Uchiyama Akihiko , Motegi Sei‐ichiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPatients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) develop various vascular disorders, including digital ulcers (DUs), which are sometimes intractable. Bosentan is a dual endothelin receptor antagonist expected to suppress the development of new DUs. The objective of this study was to analyze retrospectively Japanese SSc patients treated with bosentan and investigate its efficacy and safety. We analyzed 40 patients who visited our department from 2009 to 2022 and were treated with bosentan. Of the 25 patients who were able to continue bosentan, 64% (16 patients) were cured by 16 weeks . New DUs occurred in 5.9% (2/34) of patients and the number of new DUs per person was 0.1. Adverse events occurred in 45% (18/40), and hepatic dysfunction was occurred most frequently at 32.5% (13/40). In univariate analysis, hepatic dysfunction was significantly high in patients with low modified Rodnan total skin thickness score. Antimitochondria‐antibody‐positive patients were more likely to develop liver dysfunction. Hepatic dysfunction was improved without the reduction or discontinuation, dose reduction, discontinuation, or concomitant use of ursodeoxycholic acid. These results suggest that bosentan can be selected as an additional treatment for DU, which is difficult to treat with existing therapies, while carefully monitoring hepatic function.
Non‐native fish facilitate non‐native snails and alter food web structure in experimental pond communities
Authors: Crone Erin R. , Sauer Erin L. , Preston Daniel L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Contemporary ecosystems commonly support multiple non‐native species, which can alter community structure and directly or indirectly interact with one another. Novel interactions between invasive species can result in the facilitation or suppression of one or both invaders, making it important to understand the underlying mechanisms that affect invasion outcomes.

Goldfish Carassius auratus and Chinese mystery snails Cipangopaludina chinensis have been introduced widely through the aquarium trade and co‐occur in their non‐native ranges. We used an outdoor mesocosm experiment to assess separate and combined effects of goldfish and mystery snails on urban pond community structure and to investigate whether goldfish and mystery snails affected one another positively, neutrally or negatively. We predicted that the distinct trophic levels of each species and the anti‐predator traits of mystery snails would lead to positive interactions between invaders and synergistic effects on the aquatic community.

Goldfish directly increased turbidity and decreased filamentous algae, zooplankton, juvenile native snails and survival of amphibians via consumptive effects. Goldfish indirectly increased periphyton, phytoplankton and body size of surviving native green frogs Lithobates clamitans through trophic cascades and/or release from competition. Mystery snails had more subtle effects including reducing growth rates of native grey tree frogs Hyla versicolor, likely through competitive interactions.

With goldfish present, mystery snails showed increased reproductive success (higher biomass of juveniles), likely due to indirect competitive release from other herbivores. In contrast to their effects on native snails, goldfish did not consume juvenile mystery snails, likely due to their unique traits (e.g. large size and shell thickness). Mystery snails slightly reduced goldfish growth but did not affect their survival.

These results suggest unidirectional facilitation between invaders via indirect changes in the food web. Overall, our study found strong direct and indirect effects of invasive aquarium species, particularly goldfish, and provides experimental support for the invasional meltdown hypothesis within urban waterbodies, which are especially prone to invasions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A case–control study of antipsychotic use and pneumonia‐related mortality in the United Kingdom
Authors: Copeland Caroline S. , Wallman Phoebe , Morgan David , Owen Eleanor , Taylor David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and aimThere is increasing evidence linking antipsychotic use with pneumonia, but limited evidence of an effect on pneumonia‐related outcomes such as mortality. In this study, we aimed to examine the association of pneumonia‐related death with specific antipsychotic exposure.MethodDeaths analysed were those reported to a UK‐based drug‐related deaths database, the National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths (NPSAD), between 1997 and September 2020. We conducted a case–control study with cases defined as pneumonia‐related deaths and controls as cases with alternative causes of death. Cases were analysed by considering drugs detected at post‐mortem (PM) and by drugs prescribed to the deceased at the time of their death with calculated odds ratios (ORs) adjusted to account for confounders.ResultsThere were 2467 PM cases and 40,128 controls; 1818 prescribed cases and 28,018 controls. Second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were robustly associated with an increased risk of pneumonia‐related death compared with those not prescribed or taking antipsychotics (PM detection adjusted OR [AOR] 1·34 [95% CI 1·15–1·55]; prescribed AOR 1·28 [95% CI 1·11–1·49]). First generation antipsychotics had no clear association with death from pneumonia (PM detection AOR 1·06 [95% CI 0·77–1·47]; prescribed AOR 0·91 [95% CI 0·71–1·17]). Amongst SGAs, olanzapine was associated with an increased risk of death due to pneumonia (PM detection AOR 1·49 [95% CI 1·22–1·82]; prescribed AOR 1·44 [95% CI 1·18–1·76]) as was quetiapine (PM detection AOR 1·34 [95% CI 1·07–1·66]; prescribed AOR 1·28 [95% CI 1·01–1·64]).ConclusionOlanzapine and quetiapine were found to increase the risk of pneumonia‐related death in this NPSAD sample to a clinically important extent.
Intersectoral labor migration and agriculture in the United States and Japan
Authors: Ramsey A. Ford , Sonoda Tadashi , Ko Minkyong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn spite of important differences in their agricultural sectors, the past century has seen a significant decline in the number of people employed in agriculture in the U.S. and Japan. Economic models of intersectoral labor migration focus on expected return differentials as the primary cause of migration from one sector to another. Empirical applications typically assume that migration occurs as soon as the return differential exceeds Marshallian migration costs, but recent work has focused on embedding the migration decision in a real options framework. Structural and institutional elements can also affect the speed at which the share of agricultural labor declines. We consider the factors influencing intersectoral labor migration in the U.S. and Japan using aggregate migration equations and several definitions of agricultural labor and return differentials. We show that real options, although relevant at the household level, have limited implications for sector‐level empirical models. Our estimates are inconclusive regarding the importance of the Marshallian trigger in the migration decision, with heterogeneity across the two countries and labor definitions. We argue that this heterogeneity in the wage and migration relationship is driven by differences in the structures of the agricultural sectors.
Conditional survival in patients with stage IB‐IIIA melanoma undergoing sentinel node biopsy in Queensland: A longitudinal study
Authors: Tedman Alexander James , Liyanage Upekha E. , Chong Sharene , Rowe Casey , von Schuckmann Lena A. , Malt Maryrose , Green Adele C. , Smithers B. Mark , Khosrotehrani Kiarash 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTumour characteristics such as thickness and ulceration, along with sentinel lymph node (SLN) status, have been essential in predicting survival in patients with locally invasive melanomas at the time of diagnosis. It is unclear if these prognostic factors are relevant 1, 2 or 5 years after diagnosis.ObjectivesThe key aim of this project was to analyse conditional survival in a cohort of Queensland patients with stage IB to IIIA melanomas (American Joint Committee on Cancer's staging system, 8th version) and to test the relevance of clinicopathological prognostic factors for melanoma outcome after varying intervals of survival time.MethodsPatients with primary invasive cutaneous melanoma who were referred to a tertiary melanoma clinic and underwent SLN biopsy between 1994 and 2011 were ascertained. The effect of patient and tumour characteristics on melanoma survival were calculated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models at diagnosis and at variable times after diagnosis.ResultsThe final analysis included 651 patients (average age 49 years, 55.5% male) with stage IB to IIIA melanoma. At diagnosis, and after 1 and 2 years survived, SLN positivity, thickness and ulceration were predictive of 10‐year survival since diagnosis. However, once patients survived 5 years, only SLN status was predictive. Overall conditional melanoma survival improved with increasing time survived. Five years after diagnosis, 10‐year conditional melanoma survival (MSS) was 91% (95% CI 86%–95%) compared with 85% (82%–88%) predicted at diagnosis. The improvement in MSS was observed mainly for Stage II melanoma patients and not for those with a positive SLN biopsy.ConclusionsThis study confirms the improvement of prognosis according to time survived since diagnosis suggesting that after 5 years survival the classic prognostic indicators may not have the same influence.
Visual attention across cultures: Similarities and differences in child development and maternal attention styles
Authors: Jurkat Solveig , Köster Moritz , Hernández Chacón Ledys , Itakura Shoji , Kärtner Joscha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPrevious cross‐cultural research has described two different attention styles: a holistic style, characterized by context‐sensitive processing, generally associated with interdependent cultural contexts, and an analytic style, a higher focus on salient objects, generally found in independent cultural contexts. Though a general assumption in the field is that attention styles are gradually socialized in culture‐specific interactions in childhood, empirical evidence for the proximal mechanisms underlying this development is scarce. This study aimed to document the emergence of cross‐cultural differences in attention styles in three cultural contexts differing in social orientations, namely in urban middle‐class families from Münster, Germany (i.e., more independent context), and Kyoto, Japan, and Indigenous‐heritage families from Cotacachi, Ecuador (i.e., more interdependent contexts). Furthermore, to test the assumption that caregivers’ attention guidance is one of the forces driving differential development, we investigated how caregivers guide children's attention. In total, 270 children between 4 and 9 years of age and their mothers participated in three tasks: an eye‐tracking task, a picture description task and a forced‐choice recognition task. Results indicate a mixed pattern of findings: While some tasks revealed the expected cultural differences, namely a higher object focus in Münster compared to Kyoto and Cotacachi, others did not. Regarding caregivers’ attention guidance, we found that mothers in Münster more strongly emphasized the focal object than mothers in Kyoto and Cotacachi. The results are discussed in terms of culture‐specific developmental trajectories and the generalizability of attentional processes across tasks and cultural contexts.Research Highlights
We investigated visual attention styles in 4‐ to 9‐year‐old children and their mothers from urban Germany, urban Japan, and rural Ecuador in three different tasks.
Special emphasis lied on mothers’ verbal attention guidance toward their children as a proximal mechanism underlying the emergence of culture‐specific attention styles.
Mothers from urban Germany guided their children's attention in more analytic ways than mothers from urban Japan and rural Ecuador.
The relevance of verbal attention guidance in the development of culture‐specific attention styles has been demonstrated beyond the East‐West dichotomy.
RETRACTED: A meta‐analysis examined the effect of topical vancomycin application in decreasing sternal wound infections post cardiac surgery
Authors: Zhang Yanbing , Zhang Pengyu , Li Han , Chi Haitao , Zheng Nan , Pan Xu , Tang Chuzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo assess the impact of topical vancomycin (TV) application in decreasing sternal wound infections (SWIs) post cardiac surgery (CS), we lead a meta‐analysis. Twenty‐three thousand seven hundred and forty five participants had CS at the outset of the investigations, according to a thorough evaluation of the literature done up to November 2022; 8730 of them used TV, while 15 015 were controls. To assess the effectiveness of TV application in lowering SWIs following CS, odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed with dichotomous technique with a fixed‐ or random‐effect model. The TV had significantly lower SWIs post CS (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.20–0.57; P < .001), and deep SWIs post CS (OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.11–0.65; P = .004) compared with control as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Yet, there was no significant difference found amongst TV and control in superficial SWIs post CS (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.07–1.30; P = .011). The TV had significantly lower SWIs, and deep SWIs post CS, and no significant difference was found in superficial SWIs post CS compared with control. The low number of included studies in this meta‐analysis for superficial SWIs calls for precaution when analysing the outcomes.
Significantly improved corrosion resistance of high‐entropy rare‐earth silicate multiphase ceramics against molten CMAS
Authors: He Yuxuan , Wang Xu , Wang Chao , Liu Shiying , Li Liuyuan , Wu Yusheng , Wang Zhanjie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo improve the ability of rare‐earth (RE) silicates to resist molten calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate (CMAS) at high temperature, a novel high‐entropy (4RE0.25)2Si2O7/(4RE0.25)2SiO5 (RE = Y, Yb, Er, and Sc) multiphase ceramic was prepared by a two‐step process. During sintering, (4RE0.25)2SiO5 can react with SiO2 at the grain boundaries of (4RE0.25)2Si2O7, which can not only purify the grain boundary but also promote the growth of the original (4RE0.25)2Si2O7 grains, thereby significantly improving the ability to resist molten CMAS corrosion at high temperature. After corroding at 1500°C for 48 h, the reaction layer of the multiphase ceramic was only 55 μm thick. Our results confirm that the high‐entropy RE silicate multiphase ceramics represent an effective way to improve the ability to resist molten CMAS corrosion at high temperature.