bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum field theory with ghost pairs
Authors: Liu Jiangfan , Modesto Leonardo , Calcagni Gianluca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We explicitly show that general local higher-derivative theories with only complex conjugate ghosts and normal real particles are unitary at any perturbative order in the loop expansion. The proof presented here relies on integrating the loop energies on complex paths resulting from the deformation of the purely imaginary paths, when the external energies are continued from imaginary to real values. Contrary to the case of nonlocal theories, where the same integration path was first proposed, for the classes of theories studied here the same procedure is not analytic, but the resulting theory is unitary and unique when the complex ghosts are present in pairs. As an explicit application, a special class of higher-derivative super-renormalizable or finite gravitational and gauge theories turns out to be unitary at any perturbative order if we exclude the complex ghosts from the spectrum of the theory, as it is normally accepted for Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) ghosts. Finally, we propose an analogy between confined gluons in quantum Yang-Mills theory and classical complex pairs in local higher-derivative theories. According to such interpretation, complex ghosts will not appear on shell as asymptotic states because confined in what is natural to name “ghostballs.”
Holographic collisions in large D effective theory
Authors: Luna Raimon , Sanchez-Garitaonandia Mikel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study collisions of Gaussian mass-density blobs in a holographic plasma, using a large D effective theory, as a model for holographic shockwave collisions. The simplicity of the effective theory allows us to perform the first 4+1 collisions in Einstein-Maxwell theory, which are dual to collisions of matter with non-zero baryonic number. We explore several collision scenarios with different blob shapes, impact parameters and charge values and find that collisions with impact parameter below the transverse width of the blobs are equivalent under rescaling. We also observe that charge weakly affects the rest of quantities. Finally, we study the entropy generated during collisions, both by charge diffusion and viscous dissipation. Multiple stages of linear entropy growth are identified, whose rates are not independent of the initial conditions.
Infrared phases of 2d QCD
Authors: Delmastro Diego , Gomis Jaume , Yu Matthew 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a 2d QCD theory of massless gluons and left and right chiral quarks in arbitrary representations of a gauge group G to develop a mass gap. These results are obtained from spectral properties of the lightcone and temporal QCD Hamiltonians. The conditions can be explicitly solved, and we provide the complete list of all 2d QCD theories that have a quantum mechanical gap in the spectrum, while any other theory not in the list is gapless. The list of gapped theories includes QCD models with quarks in vector-like as well as chiral representations. The gapped theories consist of several infinite families of classical gauge groups with quarks in rank 1 and 2 representations, plus a finite number of isolated cases. We also put forward and analyze the effective infrared description of QCD — TQFTs for gapped theories and CFTs for gapless theories — and exhibit several interesting features in the infrared, such as the existence of non-trivial global ’t Hooft anomalies and emergent supersymmetry. We identify 2d QCD theories that flow in the infrared to celebrated CFTs such as minimal models, bosonic and supersymmetric, and Wess-Zumino-Witten and Kazama-Suzuki models.
Aktuelle Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen bei der Therapie des laryngopharyngealen Refluxes
Authors: Runggaldier Daniel , van Schie Bram , Marti Silvan , Bohlender Jörg E. 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungDer laryngopharyngeale Reflux (LPR) ist durch ein Aufstoßen von gastralem bzw. gastroduodenalem Sekret wie auch von gasförmigem Inhalt in den oberen aerodigestiven Trakt charakterisiert, wodurch eine Schädigung der Schleimhäute u. a. im Larynx- und Pharynxbereich resultieren kann. Eine Reihe von Symptomen wie das klassische retrosternale Brennen und saure Aufstoßen oder weitere, teils sehr unspezifische Symptome wie Heiserkeit, chronischer Husten, zervikales Globusgefühl oder Hypersekretion von Mukus können daraus resultieren. Bei heterogener Studienlage und dem Fehlen eines Goldstandards ist, wie kürzlich zusammengefasst, die Diagnosestellung des LPR schwierig und umstritten. Die Therapieoptionen des LPR werden aufgrund der dünnen Datenlage ebenfalls kontrovers diskutiert und können neben medikamentösen auch konservative diätetische Maßnahmen umfassen. Das Ziel der nachfolgenden Übersichtsarbeit ist daher, die verfügbaren therapeutischen Optionen des LPR kritisch zu diskutieren und für den praktischen klinischen Alltag zusammenzufassen.
Image and video compression of fluid flow data
Authors: Anatharaman Vishal , Feldkamp Jason , Fukami Kai , Taira Kunihiko 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study the compression of spatial and temporal features in fluid flow data using multimedia compression techniques. The efficacy of spatial compression techniques, including JPEG and JPEG2000 (JP2), and spatiotemporal video compression techniques, namely H.264, H.265, and AV1, in limiting the introduction of compression artifacts and preserving underlying flow physics are considered for laminar periodic wake around a cylinder, two-dimensional turbulence, and turbulent channel flow. These compression techniques significantly compress flow data while maintaining dominant flow features with negligible error. AV1 and H.265 compressions present the best performance across a variety of canonical flow regimes and outperform traditional techniques such as proper orthogonal decomposition in some cases. These image and video compression algorithms are flexible, scalable, and generalizable holding potential for a wide range of applications in fluid dynamics in the context of data storage and transfer.Graphic abstract
The alteration of intestinal mucosal α-synuclein expression and mucosal microbiota in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shi Jihua , Wang Yiran , Chen Dan , Xu Xue , Li Wenbin , Li Kai , He Jing , Su Wen , Luo Qingfeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease but still lacks a preclinical strategy to identify it. The diagnostic value of intestinal mucosal α-synuclein (αSyn) in PD has not drawn a uniform conclusion. The relationship between the alteration of intestinal mucosal αSyn expression and mucosal microbiota is unclear. Nineteen PD patients and twenty-two healthy controls were enrolled in our study from whom were collected, using gastrointestinal endoscopes, duodenal and sigmoid mucosal samples for biopsy. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed to detect total, phosphorylate, and oligomer α-synuclein. Next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was applied for taxonomic analysis. The results implied that oligomer α-synuclein (OSyn) in sigmoid mucosa of PD patients was transferred from the intestinal epithelial cell membrane to the cytoplasm, acinar lumen, and stroma. Its distribution feature was significantly different between the two groups, especially the ratio of OSyn/αSyn. The microbiota composition in mucosa also differed. The relative abundances of Kiloniellales, Flavobacteriaceae, and CAG56 were lower, while those of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Burkholdriaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, Ralstonia, Massilla, and Lactoccus were higher in duodenal mucosa of PD patients. The relative abundances of Thermoactinomycetales and Thermoactinomycetaceae were lower, while those of Prevotellaceae and Bifidobacterium longum were higher in patients’ sigmoid mucosa. Further, the OSyn/αSyn level was positively correlated with the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Burkholderiales, Pseudomonadales, Burkholderiaceae, and Ralstonia in the duodenal mucosa, while it was negatively correlated with the Chao1 index and observed operational taxonomic units of microbiota in sigmoid mucosa. The intestinal mucosal microbiota composition of PD patients altered with the relative abundances of proinflammatory bacteria in the duodenal mucosa increased. The ratio of the OSyn/αSyn level in the sigmoid mucosa indicated a potential diagnostic value for PD, which also correlated with mucosal microbiota diversity and composition.

Key points
• The distribution of OSyn in sigmoid mucosa differed between PD patients and healthy controls.
• Significant alterations in the microbiome were found in PD patients’ gut mucosa.
• OSyn/αSyn level in sigmoid mucosa indicated a potential diagnostic value for PD.
Transmission line modeling co-simulation with distributed delay-size control using steady-state identification
Authors: Braun Robert , Hällqvist Robert , Fritzson Dag 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCombining performance and numerical stability is a key issue in co-simulation. The Transmission Line Modeling method uses physically motivated communication delays to ensure numerical stability for stiff connections. However, using a fixed communication delay may limit performance for some models. This paper proposes Steady-State Identification for enabling variable communication delays. Three algorithms for online Steady-State Identification are evaluated in three different co-simulation models. All algorithms are able to identify steady state and can thereby determine when communication delays can be allowed to increase without compromising accuracy and stability. The results show a reduction in number of the solver derivative evaluations by roughly 40–60% depending on the model. The proposed method additionally supports connections with asymmetric communication delays, which allows each sub-model to independently control the delay of its input variables. Models supporting delay-size control can thereby be connected to those that do not, so that the step length of each individual sub-model is maximized. Controlling the delay-size in sub-models also makes the method independent of the master co-simulation algorithm.
Surgical management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction in children: advantages of MesoRex shunt compared with distal splenorenal shunt
Authors: Khamag Omar , Numanoglu Alp , Rode Heinz , Millar Alastair , Cox Sharon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To review surgical management of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital and compare MesoRex shunt (MRS) with distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS).

Methods
This is a single-centre retrospective review documenting pre- and post-operative data in 21 children. Twenty-two shunts were performed, 15 MRS and 7 DSRS, over an 18-year period. Patients were followed up for a mean of 11 years (range 2–18). Data analysis included demographics, albumin, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), International normalised ratio (INR), fibrinogen, total bilirubin, liver enzymes and platelets before the operation and 2 years after shunt surgery.

Results
One MRS thrombosed immediately post-surgery and the child was salvaged with DSRS. Variceal bleeding was controlled in both groups. Significant improvements were seen amongst MRS cohort in serum albumin, PT, PTT, and platelets and there was a mild improvement in serum fibrinogen. The DSRS cohort showed only a significant improvement in the platelet count. Neonatal umbilic vein catheterization (UVC) was a major risk for Rex vein obliteration.

Conclusion
In EHPVO, MRS is superior to DSRS and improves liver synthetic function. DSRS does control variceal bleeding but should only be considered when MRS is not technically feasible or as a salvage procedure when MRS fails.
Seasonal variations in acute diverticular disease hospitalisations in New Zealand
Authors: Varghese Chris , Wu Zhenqiang , Bissett Ian P. , Connolly Martin J. , Broad Joanna B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Seasonal variation of acute diverticular disease is variably reported in observational studies. This study aimed to describe seasonal variation of acute diverticular disease hospital admissions in New Zealand.

Methods
A time series analysis of national diverticular disease hospitalisations from 2000 to 2015 was conducted among adults aged 30 years or over. Monthly counts of acute hospitalisations’ primary diagnosis of diverticular disease were decomposed using Census X-11 times series methods. A combined test for the presence of identifiable seasonality was used to determine if overall seasonality was present; thereafter, annual seasonal amplitude was calculated. The mean seasonal amplitude of demographic groups was compared by analysis of variance.

Results
Over the 16-year period, 35,582 hospital admissions with acute diverticular disease were included. Seasonality in monthly acute diverticular disease admissions was identified. The mean monthly seasonal component of acute diverticular disease admissions peaked in early-autumn (March) and troughed in early-spring (September). The mean annual seasonal amplitude was 23%, suggesting on average 23% higher acute diverticular disease hospitalisations during early-autumn (March) than in early-spring (September). The results were similar in sensitivity analyses that employed different definitions of diverticular disease. Seasonal variation was less pronounced in patients aged over 80 (p = 0.002). Seasonal variation was significantly greater among Māori than Europeans (p < 0.001) and in more southern regions (p < 0.001). However, seasonal variations were not significantly different by gender.

Conclusions
Acute diverticular disease admissions in New Zealand exhibit seasonal variation with a peak in Autumn (March) and a trough in Spring (September). Significant seasonal variations are associated with ethnicity, age, and region, but not with gender.
Erratum to: Head/skull injury potential of empty 0.5-l beer glass bottles vs. 0.33-l Coke bottles
Authors: Nentwig C , Steinhoff S , Adamec J , Kunz SN 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the context of further impact tests with various striking weapons against the skull, it turned out that the manufacturer had incorrectly calibrated the force measuring plate, which was used in our earlier experiments. When the tests were carried out again under the same conditions, the measurement results were significantly higher.
Dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (DaT-SPECT) use in the diagnosis and clinical management of parkinsonism: an 8-year retrospective study
Authors: Tsang Kaki , Walker Richard 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is typically diagnosed clinically. DaT-SPECT scanning (DaT Scan) can be used when there is diagnostic difficulty differentiating from non-neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. This study assessed the effect of DaT Scan imaging on diagnosis and subsequent clinical management of these disorders.

Methods
This single-trust retrospective study involved 455 patients who had undergone DaT scans for investigation for Parkinsonism, between 01/01/2014 and 31/12/2021. Data collected included patient demographics, date of clinical assessment, scan report, pre-scan and post-scan diagnosis, and clinical management.

Results
The mean age at scan was 70.5 years and 57% were male. The percentage of patients who had an abnormal scan result was 40% (n = 184), whilst 53% (n = 239) had a normal scan result, and 7% (n = 32) had an equivocal scan. Pre-scan diagnosis was consistent with scan results in 71% of cases of neurodegenerative Parkinsonism, whereas this figure was 64% for cases of non-neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. For all DaT scans, the diagnosis was changed in 37% of patients (n = 168), whilst the clinical management was changed in 42% of patients (n = 190). Change in management involved 63% starting dopaminergic medication, 5% stopping dopaminergic medications, and 31% undergoing other changes in management.

Conclusion
DaT imaging is useful for confirming the correct diagnosis and clinical management for patients with clinically indeterminate Parkinsonism. Pre-scan diagnoses were generally consistent with scan results.
Influence of the body positions adopted for resistance training on intraocular pressure: a comparison between the supine and seated positions
Authors: Lara Paula M. , Redondo Beatriz , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Martínez-García Dario , García-Ramos Amador , Vera Jesús 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
A variety of factors are known to mediate on the intraocular pressure (IOP) response to resistance training. However, the influence of the body position adopted during resistance training on IOP remain unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the IOP response to the bench press exercise at three levels of intensity when performed in supine and seated positions.

Methods
Twenty-three physically active healthy young adults (10 men and 13 women) performed 6 sets of 10 repetitions against the 10-RM (repetition maximum) load during the bench press exercise against three levels of intensity (high intensity: 10-RM load; medium intensity: 50% of the 10-RM load; and control: no external load) and while adopting two different body positions (supine and seated). A rebound tonometer was employed to measure IOP in baseline conditions (after 60 s in the corresponding body position), after each of the 10 repetitions, and after 10 s of recovery.

Results
The body position adopted during the execution of the bench press exercise significantly affected the changes in IOP (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.83), with the seated position providing lower increases in IOP levels compared to the supine position. There was an association between IOP and exercise intensity, with greater IOP values in the more physically demanding conditions (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.80).

Conclusions
The use of seated positions, instead of supine positions, for the execution of resistance training should be prioritized for maintaining more stable IOP levels. This set of findings incorporates novel insights into the mediating factors on the IOP response to resistance training. In future studies, the inclusion of glaucoma patients would allow to assess the generalizability of these findings.
Combined nitrogen and drought stress leads to overlapping and unique proteomic responses in potato
Authors: Wellpott Katharina , Jozefowicz Anna M. , Meise Philipp , Schum Annegret , Seddig Sylvia , Mock Hans-Peter , Winkelmann Traud , Bündig Christin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Main conclusion
Nitrogen deficient and drought-tolerant or sensitive potatoes differ in proteomic responses under combined (NWD) and individual stresses. The sensitive genotype ‘Kiebitz’ exhibits a higher abundance of proteases under NWD.

Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as N deficiency and drought affect the yield of Solanum tuberosum L. tremendously. Therefore, it is of importance to improve potato genotypes in terms of stress tolerance. In this study, we identified differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in four starch potato genotypes under N deficiency (ND), drought stress (WD), or combined stress (NWD) in two rain-out shelter experiments. The gel-free LC–MS analysis generated a set of 1177 identified and quantified proteins. The incidence of common DAPs in tolerant and sensitive genotypes under NWD indicates general responses to this stress combination. Most of these proteins were part of the amino acid metabolism (13.9%). Three isoforms of S-adenosyl methionine synthase (SAMS) were found to be lower abundant in all genotypes. As SAMS were found upon application of single stresses as well, these proteins appear to be part of the general stress response in potato. Interestingly, the sensitive genotype ‘Kiebitz’ showed a higher abundance of three proteases (subtilase, carboxypeptidase, subtilase family protein) and a lower abundance of a protease inhibitor (stigma expressed protein) under NWD stress compared to control plants. The comparably tolerant genotype ‘Tomba’, however, displayed lower abundances of proteases. This indicates a better coping strategy for the tolerant genotype and a quicker reaction to WD when previously stressed with ND.
Pattern of recurrence and overall survival in esophagogastric cancer after perioperative FLOT and clinical outcomes in MSI-H population: the PROSECCO Study
Authors: Nappo Floriana , Fornaro Lorenzo , Pompella Luca , Catanese Silvia , Lavacchi Daniele , Spallanzani Andrea , Cappetta Alessandro , Puzzoni Marco , Murgioni Sabina , Barsotti Giulia , Tirino Giuseppe , Pellino Antonio , Vivaldi Caterina , Strippoli Antonia , Aprile Giuseppe , Di Donato Samantha , Mazza Elena , Prisciandaro Michele , Antonuzzo Lorenzo , Zagonel Vittorina , Cascinu Stefano , De Vita Ferdinando , Lonardi Sara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
FLOT regimen is the standard perioperative treatment in Western countries for patients with locally advanced gastric (GC) or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and Mismatch Repair deficient (dMMR) demonstrated a favorable prognostic role and a concomitant negative predictive impact on the benefit of perioperative 5-fluorouracil-based doublets; however, its role in pts receiving FLOT chemotherapy is still unclear.

Methods
This is a retrospective, multicenter observational study of 265 pts with GC/GEJC treated with perioperative FLOT regimen in 11 Italian oncology centers between January 2017 to December 2021 and analyzed for microsatellite status.

Results
The MSI-H phenotype was found in 27 (10.2%) of 265 analyzed tumors. Compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) and Mismatch Repair proficient (pMMR) cases, MSI-H/dMMR were more frequently female (48.1% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.0424), elderly pts (age > 70 years, 44.4% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.0003), Laurens’s intestinal type (62.5% vs. 36.1%, p = 0.02) and pts with a primary location tumor in the antrum (37 vs. 14.3%, p = 0.0004). A statistically significant difference in the rate of pathologically negative lymph node emerged (63% vs 30.7%, p = 0.0018).
Compared to the MSS/pMMR tumor population, the MSI-H/dMMR subgroup had a better DFS (median not reached [NR] vs. 19.5 [15.59–23.59] mos, p = 0.031) and OS (median NR vs. 34.84 [26.68–47.60] mos, p = 0.0316).

Conclusions
These real-world data confirm that FLOT treatment is effective in daily clinical practice for locally advanced GC/GEJC, also in the MSI-H/dMMR subgroup. It also showed a higher rate of nodal status downstaging and a better outcome of MSI-H/dMMR pts in comparison to MSS/pMMR.