bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illuminating the oral microbiome and its host interactions: tools and approaches for molecular microbiology studies
Authors: Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Advancements in DNA sequencing technologies within the last decade have stimulated an unprecedented interest in the human microbiome, largely due the broad diversity of human diseases found to correlate with microbiome dysbiosis. As a direct consequence of these studies, a vast number of understudied and uncharacterized microbes have been identified as potential drivers of mucosal health and disease. The looming challenge in the field is to transition these observations into defined molecular mechanistic studies of symbiosis and dysbiosis. In order to meet this challenge, many of these newly identified microbes will need to be adapted for use in experimental models. Consequently, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular microbiology tools and techniques that have played crucial roles in genetic studies of the bacteria found within the human oral microbiota. Here, we will use specific examples from the oral microbiome literature to illustrate the biology supporting these techniques, why they are needed in the field, and how such technologies have been implemented. It is hoped that this information can serve as a useful reference guide to help catalyze molecular microbiology studies of the many new understudied and uncharacterized species identified at different mucosal sites in the body.
Long-range regulatory effects of Neandertal DNA in modern humans
Authors: Yermakovich Danat , Pankratov Vasili , Võsa Urmo , Yunusbayev Bayazit ,   Estonian Biobank Research Team, Metspalu Andres , Nelis Mari , Milani Lili , Mägi Reedik , Esko Tõnu , Dannemann Michael 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The admixture between modern humans and Neandertals has resulted in ∼2% of the genomes of present-day non-Africans being composed of Neandertal DNA. Introgressed Neandertal DNA has been demonstrated to significantly affect the transcriptomic landscape in people today and via this molecular mechanism influence phenotype variation as well. However, little is known about how much of that regulatory impact is mediated through long-range regulatory effects that have been shown to explain ∼20% of expression variation. Here we identified 60 transcription factors (TFs) with their top cis-eQTL SNP in GTEx being of Neandertal ancestry and predicted long-range Neandertal DNA-induced regulatory effects by screening for the predicted target genes of those TFs. We show that the TFs form a significantly connected protein–protein interaction network. Among them are JUN and PRDM5, two brain-expressed TFs that have their predicted target genes enriched in regions devoid of Neandertal DNA. Archaic cis-eQTLs for the 60 TFs include multiple candidates for local adaptation, some of which show significant allele frequency increases over the last ∼10,000 years. A large proportion of the cis-eQTL-associated archaic SNPs have additional associations with various immune traits, schizophrenia, blood cell type composition and anthropometric measures. Finally, we demonstrate that our results are consistent with those of Neandertal DNA-associated empirical trans-eQTLs. Our results suggest that Neandertal DNA significantly influences regulatory networks, that its regulatory reach goes beyond the 40% of genomic sequence it still covers in present-day non-Africans and that via the investigated mechanism Neandertal DNA influences the phenotypic variation in people today.
Integrating complementary survey methods to estimate catches in Norway’s complex marine recreational hook-and-line fishery
Authors: Ferter Keno , Otterå Håkon , Christman Mary , Kleiven Alf Ring , Weltersbach Marc Simon , Gundersen Sofie , Djønne Christine , Bjelland Otte , Hartill Bruce , Lyle Jeremy , Hyder Kieran , Borch Trude , Vølstad Jon Helge 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Marine recreational fishing is popular in Norway, but current estimates of the catches by resident and tourist anglers are lacking due to several challenges, in particular Norway’s long and intricate coastline with no defined access points and the large tourist fishery. To test methods for long-term monitoring of boat-based marine recreational anglers, estimate their catches, and characterize the fishery, we conducted a roving creel survey based on a novel spatial sampling frame and a survey of tourist fishing businesses in Troms and Hordaland County. These surveys showed that cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens) dominated the catches in Troms, while mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and saithe dominated the catches in Hordaland. The estimated total annual harvest of cod by all marine recreational anglers was 2 160 tonnes (relative standard error, or RSE 44%) in Troms and 73 tonnes (RSE 29%) in Hordaland, of which ∼40% (in weight) were landed in registered tourist fishing businesses, based on data from the tourist fishing survey. The results indicate that recreational anglers in Hordaland harvest more cod in coastal waters than commercial fishers. This study provides information for developing marine recreational fisheries monitoring in challenging survey situations to support science-based fisheries management.
Adaptive interventions for opioid prescription management and consumption monitoring
Authors: Singh Neetu , Varshney Upkar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesWhile opioid addiction, treatment, and recovery are receiving attention, not much has been done on adaptive interventions to prevent opioid use disorder (OUD). To address this, we identify opioid prescription and opioid consumption as promising targets for adaptive interventions and present a design framework.Materials and MethodsUsing the framework, we designed Smart Prescription Management (SPM) and Smart Consumption Monitoring (SCM) interventions. The interventions are evaluated using analytical modeling and secondary data on doctor shopping, opioid overdose, prescription quality, and cost components.ResultsSPM was most effective (30–90% improvement, for example, prescriptions reduced from 18 to 1.8 per patient) for extensive doctor shopping and reduced overdose events and mortality. Opioid adherence was improved and the likelihood of addiction declined (10–30%) as the response rate to SCM was increased. There is the potential for significant incentives ($2267–$3237) to be offered for addressing severe OUD.DiscussionThe framework and designed interventions adapt to changing needs and conditions of the patients to become an important part of global efforts in preventing OUD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper on adaptive interventions for preventing OUD by addressing both prescription and consumption.ConclusionSPM and SCM improved opioid prescription and consumption while reducing the risk of opioid addiction. These interventions will assist in better prescription decisions and in managing opioid consumption leading to desirable outcomes. The interventions can be extended to other substance use disorders and to study complex scenarios of prescription and nonprescription opioids in clinical studies.
Pediatric Postburn Ear Reconstruction of Significant Cartilage Defects
Authors: DePamphilis Matthew A , Buta Martin R , Bojovic Branko , Driscoll Daniel N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The external ear is a vulnerable appendage susceptible to trauma. Repairing and recreating its intricate architecture presents a formidable challenge after burn injury, especially when scar tissue, impaired vasculature, and damage to cartilage all influence reconstructive options. The authors share their institutional experience and provide a guide for reconstruction of significant postburn auricular cartilage defects. A retrospective review was conducted on 54 patients (61 ears) aged 0–21 years old admitted to a specialized pediatric burn hospital between January 2004 and January 2021 for postburn ear cartilage reconstruction. Conchal cartilage grafting was performed in 9 patients (9 ears) with an average age of 14.0 ± 5.1 years, requiring an average of 2.0 ± 1.0 procedures that resulted in one case of infection. A total of 21 patients (24 ears) with an average age of 15.1 ± 4.5 years underwent a conchal transposition flap, requiring an average of 1.8 ± 0.4 procedures that resulted in no major complications. A total of 20 patients (23 ears) with an average age of 12.0 ± 5.3 years underwent porous polyethylene implantation, requiring an average of 3.5 ± 1.5 operations that resulted in 3 complications. Costal cartilage grafting was performed in 4 patients (5 ears) with an average age of 13.2 ± 5.3 years, requiring an average of 3.2 ± 2.2 operations that resulted in one case of infection. Postburn ear cartilage defects necessitate an individualized approach tailored to a patient’s reconstructive goals. In addition to defect size and location, factors such as reconstructive course duration, complication potential, and anticipated aesthetic results should be discussed with the patient.
Energy efficiency optimization of water pump based on heuristic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Wang Wenjie , Han Zhenhua , Pei Ji , Pavesi Giorgio , Gong Xiaobo , Yuan Shouqi 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To reduce the energy consumption of large centrifugal pumps, modified heuristic intelligent algorithms are used to directly optimize the diffuser of centrifugal pumps. Considering the hydraulic efficiency under the design condition as the optimization target, in this study, 14 geometric parameters such as the inlet diameter, outlet diameter, and leading and trailing vane angles of the diffuser are selected as design variables, and the modified particle swam optimization and gravitational search algorithm are used to directly search for optimization in the design space. The performance and loss of internal entropy production of the different models before and after optimization are compared and analyzed in detail. The results show that the global optimization ability of the modified algorithm is improved. The diffuser model changes from cylindrical to twisted, the vane wrap angle increases, and the thickness of the leading edge decreases. Under the design condition, the efficiency of modified particle swarm optimization algorithm solution is increased by 2.75% and modified gravitational search algorithm solution by 2.21%, while the power remains unchanged. Furthermore, the optimization solution has the largest lift efficiency improvement under part-load conditions. After optimization, the unstable flow in the model is improved and internal entropy production loss is reduced significantly. The interior of the diffuser is dominated by turbulent entropy production and direct entropy production under different operating conditions, and the wall entropy production accounts for the smallest proportion.
Efficacy Evaluation of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids as Skin and Spatial Repellents AgainstAedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae) Mosquitoes
Authors: Farooq Muhammad , Qualls Whitney A , Bangonan Lea , Xue Rui-De , Peper Steven T , Aryaprema Vindhya S , Benz Kim , Zhu Junwei J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFatty acids derived from natural oils are considered as perspective products for adoption as repellents. Fatty acids derived from coconut oil have shown promise as repellents. This study consisted of an olfactometer evaluation of new formulations containing medium-chain fatty acids for spatial repellency and an in laboratory arm-in cage study for contact repellency against Aedes aegypti L. mosquitoes. Six formulations each of capric acid and lauric acid were evaluated for spatial repellency. These formulations contained 0.28–10% of either capric acid or lauric acid as the active ingredients in a consumer friendly skin care formulation. Base formula without fatty acids was evaluated as control in spatial repellency evaluation. For the arm-in cage evaluations, six formulations of capric acid, one base formulation, and a 7% N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) product were tested for contact repellency. For contact repellency, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standard repellent test cages were used to determine the complete protection time (CPT) of the different formulated repellents. Among all capric acid formulations tested, the concentration of 2.25% (wt) indicated the best level of spatial repellency, but not significantly different from other concentrations. None of the lauric acid concentrations showed any level of spatial repellency. In the arm-in-cage evaluations, the highest contact repellency resulted from 4.5% capric acid, which was significantly higher than 7% DEET and base formula.
Assisted Death, Dignity, and Respect for Humanity
Authors: Dige Morten 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRecent works on the concept of dignity have opened up the otherwise quite deadlocked debate about assisted death (AD). Rather than just reinforcing already fixed positions, it seems to me that these conceptions of dignity make room for a moderate and normatively richer position on the moral permissibility of AD. I do not think that we have seen the full potential of the said conceptions and interpretations. I try in this article to contribute my part. First, I briefly recapitulate some of the paradoxical ways in which dignity is typically invoked in the debate and try to clear up some of the obvious confusions. Then, I go on to explore a particular Kantian line of thought in some recent works on dignity and AD that seems to pave the way for a moderate position with a more principled foundation than the usual compromise positions.
Moral Injury, Moral Identity, and “Dirty Hands” in War Fighting and Police Work
Authors: Miller Seumas 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this article, I undertake three main tasks. First, I argue that, contrary to the standard view, moral injury is not a species of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) but rather, on the most coherent conception of moral injury, PTSD is (in effect) a species of moral injury. In doing so, I make use of the notion of caring deeply about something or someone worthy of being cared deeply about. Second, I consider so-called “dirty hands” actions in police work and in war, and distinguish these from the morally legitimate, but harmful, actions of police officers and of war fighters, such as the morally legitimate use of coercive force and lethal force (respectively). While the morally legitimate use of harmful methods is constitutive of these occupational roles, “dirty hands” methods are not. Roughly speaking, a “dirty hands” action is one that is morally wrong and (typically) unlawful but done for the sake of a good outcome. Both categories of action are conducive to moral injury, but “dirty hands” actions much more so, especially given the slippery moral slope from “dirty hands” actions to egregious moral wrongdoing. Third, I offer some recommendations for reducing moral injury among police officers and war fighters.
Being in Relation, Being through Change
Authors: Fitzgerald Martin J 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEthics exists among beings that can relate to one another and who can create change in one another. Although this may appear as a simple truism, the implications of relation and change in bioethics are manifold. For instance, one can relate not only to others, but also can enter into self-relation by relating to oneself. Self-relation problematizes autonomy insofar as one does not have immediate access to all of oneself and so therefore also does not immediately fully determine oneself in the way that an uncomplicated understanding of autonomy might imply. This article proceeds as a preliminary exposition of the concepts of relation and change as they apply to bioethics, particularly as they inform autonomy, action theory, and the porous subject.
Plant long non-coding RNAs: biologically relevant and mechanistically intriguing
Authors: Yang Jun , Ariel Federico , Wang Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLong non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs greater than 200 nucleotides in length exhibiting low or no coding potential that are involved in diverse biological functions through their molecular interaction with proteins, DNA, or other RNAs. With the emergence of advanced high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies, tens of thousands of novel long non-coding RNAs have been identified in plant transcriptomes in the last decade. More importantly, functional studies revealed that several lncRNAs play key regulatory roles in plant development and stress responses. In this review, we focus on summarizing recent progress uncovering regulatory roles and mechanisms of lncRNAs during the plant life cycle, and briefly discuss the possible biotechnological applications of lncRNAs for plant breeding.
Genomic Consequences of and Demographic Response to Pervasive Hybridization Over Time in Climate-Sensitive Pikas
Authors: Ge Deyan , Wen Zhixin , Feijó Anderson , Lissovsky Andrey , Zhang Wei , Cheng Jilong , Yan Chaochao , She Huishang , Zhang Dezhi , Cheng Yalin , Lu Liang , Wu Xinlai , Mu Danping , Zhang Yubo , Xia Lin , Qu Yanhua , Vogler Alfried P , Yang Qisen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rare and geographically restricted species may be vulnerable to genetic effects from inbreeding depression in small populations or from genetic swamping through hybridization with common species, but a third possibility is that selective gene flow can restore fitness (genetic rescue). Climate-sensitive pikas (Ochotona spp.) of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QHTP) and its vicinity have been reduced to residual populations through the movement of climatic zones during the Pleistocene and recent anthropogenic disturbance, whereas the plateau pika (O. curzoniae) remains common. Population-level whole-genome sequencing (n = 142) of six closely related species in the subgenus Ochotona revealed several phases of ancient introgression, lineage replacement, and bidirectional introgression. The strength of gene flow was the greatest from the dominant O. curzoniae to ecologically distinct species in areas peripheral to the QHTP. Genetic analyses were consistent with environmental reconstructions of past population movements. Recurrent periods of introgression throughout the Pleistocene revealed an increase in genetic variation at first but subsequent loss of genetic variation in later phases. Enhanced dispersion of introgressed genomic regions apparently contributed to demographic recovery in three peripheral species that underwent range shifts following climate oscillations on the QHTP, although it failed to drive recovery of northeastern O. dauurica and geographically isolated O. sikimaria. Our findings highlight differences in timescale and environmental background to determine the consequence of hybridization and the unique role of the QHTP in conserving key evolutionary processes of sky island species.
Sodium-based batteries: development, commercialization journey and new emerging chemistries
Authors: Yadav Poonam , Shelke Vilas , Patrike Apurva , Shelke Manjusha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Development, commercialization and use of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) will reach their peak soon. At present, this is posing the future risk of supply of raw materials for LIBs due to their restricted distribution and lack of effective Li-recycling technology. Sodium-based batteries (SBBs) are considered the best alternative to LIBs due to their similarity in chemistries and fabrication techniques. However, SBB technology does not have high energy density and is not mature enough yet to meet the energy requirement of wide application sectors. Scientists are optimizing different anode, cathode and electrolyte materials, and fabrication techniques to boost the electrochemical performance of SBB. Several companies have been founded to commercialize the SBB technology. This review summarizes the development of different SBB chemistries and their commercialization by companies. It also discusses chemistries that seem promising in the future development and commercialization of SBBs.
Mitochondrial H2S donor AP39 induces stomatal closure by modulating guard cell mitochondrial activity
Authors: Pantaleno Rosario , Scuffi Denise , Costa Alex , Welchen Elina , Torregrossa Roberta , Whiteman Matthew , García-Mata Carlos 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological processes in plants, including gas exchange with the environment through the regulation of stomatal pore width. Guard cells (GCs) are pairs of specialized epidermal cells that delimit stomatal pores and have a higher mitochondrial density and metabolic activity than their neighboring cells. However, there is no clear evidence on the role of mitochondrial activity in stomatal closure induction. In this work, we showed that the mitochondrial-targeted H2S donor AP39 induces stomatal closure in a dose-dependent manner. Experiments using inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) or insertional mutants in cytochrome c (CYTc) indicated that the activity of mitochondrial CYTc and/or complex IV are required for AP39-dependent stomatal closure. By using fluorescent probes and genetically encoded biosensors we reported that AP39 hyperpolarized the mitochondrial inner potential (Δψm) and increased cytosolic ATP, cytosolic hydrogen peroxide levels, and oxidation of the glutathione pool in GCs. These findings showed that mitochondrial-targeted H2S donors induce stomatal closure, modulate guard cell mETC activity, the cytosolic energetic and oxidative status, pointing to an interplay between mitochondrial H2S, mitochondrial activity, and stomatal closure.
EVALUATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS IN HUMAN BODY EXPOSED TO INVERTER OF PURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE
Authors: Dong XuWei , Sun WenXue , Lu Mai 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOn the basis of the basic principle of electromagnetic dosimetry, the paper studies the electromagnetic exposure of a passenger’s body to a compound electromagnetic field caused by the combined action of DC and AC bus currents of a pure electric vehicle inverter. By building an electromagnetic model of a pure electric vehicle body, adult human body and inverter, the finite element method is used to calculate the magnetic induction intensity(|B|), induced electric field intensity(|E|) and induced current density(|J|) of the compound electromagnetic field to the human trunk and central nervous system in the driver and front seat passenger. The numerical results are compared with the exposure limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The fields are well below the safe exposure limits defined by ICNIRP.
Online panel work through a gender lens: implications of digital peer review meetings
Authors: Peterson Helen , Husu Liisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted how the academic peer review system has been marked by gender bias and nepotism. Panel meetings arranged by research funding organisations (RFOs), where reviewers must explain and account for their assessment and scoring of grant applications, can potentially mitigate and disrupt patterns of inequality. They can however also constitute arenas where biases are reproduced. This article explores, through a gender lens, the shift from face-to-face to digital peer review meetings in a Swedish RFO, focusing on the implications for an unbiased and fair grant allocation process. Drawing on twenty-two interviews with panellists and staff in the RFO, the analysis identifies both benefits and challenges of this shift, regarding use of resources, meeting dynamics, micropolitics, social glue, and possibilities for group reflections. RFOs deliberating digitalisation of their peer review processes need to consider these implications to develop policies promoting unbiased and fair grant allocation processes and procedures.