bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic Roles of Human Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 and Chemokines in Regulating Neutrophil Activation and Fate on Arterial Thrombi Under Flow
Authors: Schönichen Claudia , Montague Samantha J. , Brouns Sanne L.N. , Burston James J. , Cosemans Judith M.E.M. , Jurk Kerstin , Kehrel Beate E. , Koenen Rory R. , Ní Áinle Fionnuala , O’Donnell Valerie B. , Soehnlein Oliver , Watson Steve P. , Kuijpers Marijke J.E. , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Nagy Magdolna 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Platelets and neutrophils are the first blood cells accumulating at sites of arterial thrombus formation, and both cell types contribute to the pathology of thrombotic events. We aimed to identify key interaction mechanisms between these cells using microfluidic approaches.

Methods:
Whole-blood perfusion was performed over a collagen surface at arterial shear rate. Platelet and leukocyte (in majority neutrophil) activation were microscopically visualized using fluorescent markers. The contributions of platelet-adhesive receptors (integrin, P-selectin, CD40L) and chemokines were studied by using inhibitors or antibodies and using blood from patients with GT (Glanzmann thrombasthenia) lacking platelet-expressed αIIbβ3.

Results:

We observed (1) an unknown role of activated platelet integrin αIIbß3 preventing leukocyte adhesion, which was overcome by short-term flow disturbance provoking massive adhesion; (2) that platelet-expressed CD40L controls the crawling pattern and thrombus fidelity of the cells on a thrombus; (3) that continued secretion of platelet substances promotes activation of identified neutrophils, as assessed by (fMLP [
N
-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, a potent chemotactic agent and leukocyte activator] induced) [Ca
2+
]
i
rises and antigen expression; (4) and that platelet-released chemokines activate the adhered cells in the order of CXCL7>CCL5>CXCL4. Furthermore, postsilencing of the platelets in a thrombus suppressed the leukocyte activation. However, the leukocytes on thrombi did no more than limitedly form neutrophil extracellular traps, unless stimulated with phorbol ester or lipopolysaccharide.

Conclusions:
Together, these findings reveal a multifaceted regulation of adhesion and activation of neutrophils by platelets in a thrombus, with a balanced role of several platelet-adhesive receptors and a promoting role of platelet-released substances. This multivalent nature of neutrophil-thrombus interactions offers novel prospects for pharmacological intervention.
Advancing Donald Schön's Reflective Practitioner: Where to Next?
Authors: Tan Linus , Kocsis Anita , Burry Jane 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 1983, Donald Schön published his seminal work, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. The book emerged during the peak of the Design Methods movement, when works like L. Bruce Archer's Systematic Method for Designers and Herbert A. Simon's The Sciences of the Artificial argued for recognizing design processes as scientific inquiries. Coincidentally, Schön posited an alternative view to rationalizing design processes, called professional artistry, which is implicit professional knowledge. Using protocol studies in various disciplines, he demonstrated that professionals reflect-in-action while working and, as a result, learn and produce knowledge through doing (knowing-in-action). Since the 1980s, design theorists, researchers, and professionals have used Schön's work enthusiastically to articulate that designers learn more about their design process and design project as they design. Forty years after publication, The Reflective Practitioner continues to serve many design researchers as a foundation of learning from the experience of their design processes. However, this theory has limitations that must be recognized and addressed to stay relevant today. The Reflective Practitioner was written for individuals, whereas nowadays, designers often work in teams. The next step is to consider how individual reflections are shared and learned with other designers so that the team benefits from its collective reflective practices.
The Influence of Fonts on the Reading Performance in Easy-to-Read Texts: A Legibility Study with 145 Participants
Authors: Sieghart Sabina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study examines whether the common typographical recommendations for texts in easy-to-read language are helpful. So far, using a sans-serif font in 14 pt has been suggested. The statistical evaluation shows that Thesis TheSans is read significantly faster than Arial. Fonts with serifs are read slightly faster. The font size of 12 pt is large enough. The study clearly indicates that the strict commitment to sans serif fonts—and the Arial font in particular—for texts in easy-to-read language is wrong. The results can be used by designers and clients as a valid decision-making aid when creating barrier-free communication.
La réorganisation du système judiciaire fatimide sous al-Muʿizz
Authors: Pfeiffer Athina 
Published: July 2023

Résumé
Le décret émis par la chancellerie de l’Imam-calife fatimide al-Muʿizz li-Dīn Allāh en 343/954 nomme Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Muḥammad (m. 363/974) aux plus hautes charges judiciaires de l’État en Ifrīqiya. Al-Nuʿmān copia ce décret dans son Kitāb Iḫtilāf uṣūl al-maḏāhib (La divergence des principes juridiques des écoles de droit), un ouvrage de polémique juridique où l’auteur fustige les autres écoles doctrinales de droit. L’auteur défend l’autorité politico-religieuse de l’Imam-calife face aux critiques développées par les juristes sunnites à l’égard des Fatimides en Ifrīqiya : il affirme une doctrine juridique ismaélienne modérée, concurrente des écoles juridiques sunnites, dans le but de purger le mouvement fatimide de ses éléments jugés extrêmes, les ġulāt. Le décret d’al-Muʿizz met quant à lui en place une justice bicéphale : d’un côté, il entérine le rôle judiciaire de l’Imam fatimide lequel apparaît de surcroît comme une source de droit ; de l’autre, il confirme l’institutionnalisation de la fonction de « grand cadi » fatimide. Incarnée par al-Nuʿmān, l’institution de « cadi de l’Imam » se mua progressivement en celle de grand cadi fatimide d’Ifrīqiya : sans en porter le titre, al-Nuʿmān remplissait déjà sous al-Manṣūr le rôle de grand cadi. Plus tard, le décret d’al-Muʿizz entérine ce rôle, en lui ajoutant des responsabilités nouvelles. À la tête de la hiérarchie judiciaire, le grand cadi nommait notamment des ḥukkām qui remplissaient la fonction de juge dans les territoires vides d’autorité cadiale. Ces magistrats secondaires faisaient le lien entre le pouvoir central et les espaces ruraux où les Fatimides étaient vulnérables. La hiérarchisation et la centralisation de la justice fatimide sous al-Muʿizz avaient pour double objectif de balayer l’influence des grandes juridictions urbaines (Kairouan et al-Mahdiyya) concurrentes du grand cadi et de contrôler les territoires éloignés, principalement ruraux.
From Handwriting to Footprinting
Authors: Baillot Anne 
Published: July 2023

How do we currently preserve and access texts, and will our current methods be sustainable in the future?
In From Handwriting to Footprinting, Anne Baillot seeks to answer this question by offering a detailed analysis of the methods that enable access to textual materials, in particular, access to books of literary significance. Baillot marshals her considerable expertise in the field of digital humanities to establish a philological overview of the changing boundaries of ‘access’ to literary heritage over centuries, deconstructing the western tradition of archiving and how it has led to current digital dissemination practices. Rigorously examining the negative environmental impact of digital publishing and archiving, Baillot proposes an alternative model of preservation and dissemination which reconciles fundamental traditions with the values of social responsibility and sustainability in an era of climate crisis.
Integrating historical, archival and environmental perspectives, From Handwriting to Footprinting illuminates the impact that digitisation has had on the dissemination and preservation of textual heritage and reflects on what its future may hold. It is invaluable reading for anyone interested in textual history from a linguistic or philological perspective, as well as those working on publishing, archival and infrastructure projects that require the storing and long-term preservation of texts, or who want to know how to develop a more mindful attachment to digitised material.
Quantifying Global Warming Response of the Orographic Precipitation in a Typhoon Environment with Large-Eddy Simulations
Authors: Chen Jianan , Shi Xiaoming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The intense and moist winds in a tropical cyclone (TC) environment can produce strong mountain waves and enhanced precipitation over complex terrain, yet few studies have investigated how the orographic precipitation in a TC environment might respond to global warming. Here, we use large-eddy simulation to estimate the global warming–induced change in the precipitation near an idealized mountain (1 km maximum height) with pseudo global warming. Two regions exhibit enhanced precipitation, one over the mountain and the other in the downstream region 25–45 km away from the mountain. The enhanced precipitation in both regions is related to the seeder–feeder mechanism, although the enhancement in the downstream regions differs from the conventional definition and is referred to as the pseudo-seeder–feeder mechanism (PSF). In the PSF, mountain waves generate an intense cloud formation center in the midtroposphere above the lee slope, and the resulting hydrometeors drift downstream, intensifying downstream convection when they fall into proper locations. Under warming, the overmountain precipitation maximum exhibits minimal changes, while the downstream precipitation maximum exhibits a large sensitivity of 18% K−1. The small sensitivity of the first precipitation peak is due to the canceling effects of thermodynamic and dynamic changes. The large sensitivity in the downstream region is mainly due to the strengthening of the wave-induced midtroposphere cloud formation center, which supplies more hydrometeors to the downstream region and enhances precipitation efficiency through the enhanced PSF mechanism. However, the downstream precipitation sensitivity varies with mountain geometry. Higher mountain height enhances precipitation but lowers the sensitivity to warming.

Significance Statement
The combination of typhoon environment and orography can produce intense precipitation and thereby severe flooding risks. Here, we investigate the global warming response of orographic precipitation in a typhoon environment with idealized, high-resolution simulations. The experiments suggest that under warming, a precipitation maximum may emerge in the downstream region of a mountain or strengthen and shift upwind if it already exists in the current climate. This surprising amplification of downstream-region precipitation is related to the enhancement of the midtropospheric cloud generation caused by mountain waves and has critical implications for flooding risk management in mountainous regions.
General Mental Health, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction in the Context of COVID-19 Policies: A 2-Year Cohort Study in the Netherlands, April 2020–January 2022
Authors: van den Boom Wijnand , Marra Elske , van der Vliet Nina , Elberse Janneke , van Dijken Suzan , van Dijk Mart , Euser Saskia , Derks Mare , Leurs Mariken , Albers Casper , Sanderman Robbert , de Bruin Marijn 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Although the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health, understanding who has been affected most and why is incomplete. We sought to understand changes in mental health in the context of transmission numbers and pandemic (social) restrictions and whether changes in mental health varied among population groups. Methods: We analyzed data from 92 062 people (aged ≥16 years and able to read Dutch) who participated in the Corona Behavioral Unit cohort study at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands, from April 17, 2020, through January 25, 2022. Participants self-reported mental well-being through multiple rounds of surveys. We used a multivariable linear mixed-effects model to analyze loneliness, general mental health, and life satisfaction. Results: As strictness of pandemic prevention measures and social restrictions increased, people’s feelings of loneliness increased and mental health and life satisfaction decreased. As restrictions were relaxed, loneliness decreased and general mental health improved. Younger people (aged 16-24 y) versus older people (aged ≥40 y), people with low (vs high) education levels, and people living alone (vs living together) were more likely to have negative well-being outcomes. We observed that trajectories over time differed considerably only by age, with participants aged 16-24 years affected substantially more than participants aged ≥40 years by pandemic social restrictions. These patterns were consistent across multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the social restrictions imposed by the Dutch government during the study period were associated with reduced mental well-being, especially among younger people. However, people appeared resilient as they recovered during periods when restrictions were relaxed. Monitoring and supporting well-being, in particular to reduce loneliness, may help younger people during periods of intense social restrictions.
Biomechanical alterations in lower limb lymphedema: Implications for walking ability and rehabilitation
Authors: Tedeschi Roberto 
Published: July 2023

Background Lymphedema is a chronic progressive disease that results in interstitial edema in the limbs, and to a lesser extent in the genitals and face, due to damage to the lymphatic system. Methods Research was conducted between July 2022 and September 2022 in biomedical databases: PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), and PEDro. Results Two studies showed that lymphedema alters gait parameters by affecting mainly kinematic parameters, although kinetic parameters were found to be significantly altered, especially in patients with severe lymphedema. In other studies, using methods such as videos and questionnaires, difficulties in walking were found in the presence of lymphedema. The most common abnormality was antalgic gait. Conclusions Poor mobility can worsen the edema, which, in turn, can compromise joint range of motion. Gait analysis is an essential tool to evaluate and follow.
Long-term patient-reported donor-site morbidity after free peroneal fasciocutaneous flap in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Lee Shih-Yu , Yang Kuo-Chung , Lin Cheng-Ta , Ho Yen-Yi , Chen Lee-Wei , Liu Wen-Chung 
Published: July 2023

Objective Fasciocutaneous free flap based on the peroneal artery (boneless version) is an option in our practice for head and neck reconstruction. However, the associated donor-site morbidity has rarely been discussed. Thus, this study investigated the long-term patient-reported donor-site morbidity associated with peroneal flaps. Methods In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, 39 patients who underwent a free peroneal flap were enrolled. We evaluated donor-site morbidity with a modified questionnaire from Enneking et al. and Bodde et al. Results Patient-reported daily life limitation was relatively low (5/39; 12.9%). Donor-site morbidities, namely pain (4/39; 10.3%), sensory disturbance (9/39; 23.1%), and walking limitation (9/39; 23.1%) were reported; most were rated minimal in severity. Among patients with walking limitation, muscle weakness (3/39; 7.7%), ankle instability (6/39; 15.4%), and gait alternation (6/39; 15.4%) were reported. Six patients developed claw toe. Conclusion Balancing successful reconstruction and donor-site morbidity is challenging. This long-term patient-reported survey revealed that harvesting peroneal flaps resulted in minimal or minor donor-site morbidity with no obvious impacts on the patients’ daily quality of life. Although free radial forearm flaps and anterolateral thigh flaps are standard, free peroneal flaps have been proven reliable, with acceptable donor-site morbidity.
Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Original Grit Scale (Grit-O) Among Cambodian Adolescents
Authors: Apsley Hannah B. , Knapp Kyler S. , Eng Sothy , Cleveland H. H. 
Published: July 2023

Background Cambodian youth face many unique challenges, such as high instances of poverty and intergenerational trauma. Grit, a person-level trait defined as having “perseverance and passion for long-term goals”, may be particularly important in helping Cambodian youth to succeed despite the extreme challenges they face. To date, the Original Grit Scale (Grit-O) has not been translated in Khmer or validated for a sample of Cambodian youth. Purpose This study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of a Khmer translation of the Original Grit Scale (Grit-O) among urban Cambodian youth. Research Design A cross-section survey battery --including Grit-O and other relevant covariates --was administered to Cambodian youth. Study Sample Data were collected from 580 Cambodian adolescents ( Mage = 15.85 years, SDage = 2.05, 63.7% female). Data Collection and Analysis Paper and pencil surveys were sent home from school with each participant and returned to the study team the next day. Analyses included calculating Cronbach’s alphas, interitem correlations, correlations with relevant covariates and both a confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. Results Cronbach’s alphas and interitem correlations indicated that the full scale was not reliable for this sample, and that reliability improved when two items ( I become interested in new pursuits every few months --reverse-scored and I finish whatever I begin) were excluded. The subscales Consistency of Interests and Perseverance of Effort were more reliable than the full scale. Correlations with relevant covariates indicated that the full scale was moderately valid. Factor analyses suggested that items 6 and 7 did not load well onto either identified factor. Conclusions Investigators measuring grit in a sample of Cambodian youth should consider excluding items 6 and 7 of Grit-O, and assessing the two subscales on their own, rather than treating them as indicators of a single higher-order construct.
Toxicity of methomyl insecticides to testicular cells and protective effect of folic acid
Authors: Lu Mengxi , Liu Yi 
Published: July 2023

Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide with confirmed testicular toxicity. This study intended to observe the effect of methomyl on testicular cells and the protective effect of folic acid through in vitro experiments. The GC-1 spermatogonia, TM4 Sertoli cells, and TM3 Leydig cells were treated with methomyl (0, 250, 500, and 1000 μM) with or without folic acid (0, 10, 100, and 1000 nM) for 24 h. It was found that methomyl increased cytotoxicity to testicular cells in a dose-dependent manner. In spermatogonia, methomyl significantly inhibited the expression of proliferation genes Ki67 and PCNA at 1000 μM, and increased the expression of apoptosis genes Caspase3 and Bax at each dose. In Sertoli cells, methomyl dose-dependently inhibited the expression of blood-testis barrier function genes TJP1, Cx43, and N-cadherin, but did not affect Occludin and E-cadherin. In Leydig cells, methomyl inhibited the expression of steroid synthase P450scc, StAR, Hsd3b1 and down-regulated the level of testosterone, but did not affect Cyp17a1 and Hsd17b1. Further, folic acid could basically reduce the damage caused by methomyl. This study provided new insights into the toxicity of methomyl and the protective effect of folic acid.
Real-world use and outcomes of belimumab in childhood-onset lupus: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Roberts Jordan E , Burn Cordelia , Sadun Rebecca E , Smitherman Emily A , Wenderfer Scott E , Son Mary Beth F 
Published: July 2023

Background Studies of real-world effectiveness of belimumab in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus have shown improved disease control and decreased oral glucocorticoid use. However, belimumab use outside of clinical trial settings has not been well studied in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE). We aimed to characterize indications for belimumab use and evaluate oral glucocorticoid doses and disease activity scores in the year following belimumab initiation at a single, large pediatric rheumatology center. Methods We included children and young adults with cSLE who received ≥ 1 dose of belimumab. Repeated measures one-way ANOVA was used to compare SLEDAI-2K scores and prednisone-equivalent daily oral glucocorticoid doses at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months after belimumab initiation for those who continued therapy for a year. Results We identified 21 patients with cSLE who received ≥ 1 dose of belimumab. The median disease duration at belimumab initiation was 30.8 months [IQR 21.0-79.1]. At the time of belimumab initiation, 100% of patients were taking an antimalarial, 81% were on oral glucocorticoids, and 91% were on at least one conventional DMARD. Thirteen patients (62%) continued belimumab for ≥6 months and 11 (52%) for ≥12 months. Among those continuing belimumab for ≥12 months, median [IQR] oral prednisone daily doses in milligrams at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months were 12.5 [7.5–17.5], 9 [6.25–10], and 5 [5–9.5], p = 0.037, and median [IQR] SLEDAI-2K scores at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months were 8 [5.5–10.5], 6 [3.5–10], and 6 [6–8.5], p = 0.548, respectively. Conclusions In our cohort of pediatric patients with lupus and moderate disease activity treated with belimumab for ≥12 months, daily oral glucocorticoid doses were significantly lower 6 and 12 months after belimumab initiation than baseline. Use in patients with active nephritis was uncommon. Further research is needed in a large, multicenter cohort to determine the real-world effectiveness of belimumab in children and develop guidelines for use.
Protein Quality, Glycemic and Metabolic Indices and Anthropometric Features Among Overweight and Obese Adults
Authors: Soleimani Ensiye , Abbasalizad Farhangi Mahdieh 
Published: July 2023

Background: Various studies have shown an inverse relationship between the quality of protein intake based on essential amino acids (EAAs) with obesity and its complications. We assumed that increasing EAAs-based protein intake quality improves glycemic and metabolic markers and anthropometric measurements in obese and overweight people. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 obese and overweight participants aged 18 to 35. Dietary information was obtained using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire. The total intake of EAAs was calculated using the United States department of agriculture (USDA) database. Quality protein was defined as the ratio of EAAs (gr) to total dietary protein (gr). Sociodemographic status, physical activity (PA), and anthropometric characteristics were evaluated using a valid and reliable method. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests adjusted for sex, PA, age, energy, and body mass index (BMI) were used to measure this association. Results: Protein quality intake was highest among the group with the lowest weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and fat mass (FM); and on the other hand, the fat-free mass (FFM) has increased; also Increasing the quality of protein intake improved the lipid profile and some glycemic indices and insulin sensitivity, although this association was not significant. Conclusions: Increasing the quality of protein intake significantly improved anthropometric measurements, and also improved some glycemic and metabolic indices although, their relationship was not significant.