bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide identification and characterization of exapted transposable elements in the large genome of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)
Authors: Ventimiglia Maria , Marturano Giovanni , Vangelisti Alberto , Usai Gabriele , Simoni Samuel , Cavallini Andrea , Giordani Tommaso , Natali Lucia , Zuccolo Andrea , Mascagni Flavia 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYTransposable elements (TEs) are an important source of genome variability, playing many roles in the evolution of eukaryotic species. Besides well‐known phenomena, TEs may undergo the exaptation process and generate the so‐called exapted transposable element genes (ETEs). Here we present a genome‐wide survey of ETEs in the large genome of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.), in which the massive amount of TEs, provides a significant source for exaptation. A library of sunflower TEs was used to build TE‐specific Hidden Markov Model profiles, to search for all available sunflower gene products. In doing so, 20 016 putative ETEs were identified and further investigated for the characteristics that distinguish TEs from genes, leading to the validation of 3530 ETEs. The analysis of ETEs transcription patterns under different stress conditions showed a differential regulation triggered by treatments mimicking biotic and abiotic stress; furthermore, the distribution of functional domains of differentially regulated ETEs revealed a relevant presence of domains involved in many aspects of cellular functions. A comparative genomic investigation was performed including species representative of Asterids and appropriate outgroups: the bulk of ETEs that resulted were specific to the sunflower, while few ETEs presented orthologues in the genome of all analyzed species, making the hypothesis of a conserved function. This study highlights the crucial role played by exaptation, actively contributing to species evolution.
Evaluation of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios in critically ill dogs
Authors: Dourmashkin Lisa H. , Lyons Bridget , Hess Rebecka S. , Walsh Koranda , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are accurate prognostic indicators and correlate with illness severity scores in critically ill dogs.DesignProspective observational study from December 2016 to May 2017.SettingICU at a veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsSeventy‐two client‐owned dogs admitted to the ICU with CBCs and abbreviated and complete acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast and APPLEfull) scores were enrolled.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsThe NLR, PLR, APPLEfast, and APPLEfull scores were calculated for each patient on the day of admission. Patients were followed from admission to discharge, and diagnosis, survival, and length of hospitalization were recorded. The patient population was assessed as a whole and as subcategories of patients with neoplastic disease, infectious disease, sepsis, and severe hemorrhage. Dogs with nonseptic disease processes (n = 52) that died had a significantly higher median PLR (P = 0.04) of 441 (range: 106–986) compared to those that survived with a median PLR of 217 (range: 28.4–3225). The PLR was strongly predictive of ICU length of stay in dogs with severe hemorrhage (P = 0.03, Spearman's rho = 0.84). The NLR had a poor positive correlation with APPLEfull score (P = 0.04, Spearman's rho = 0.24), and PLR had a poor negative correlation with APPLEfast score (P = 0.02, Spearman's rho = –0.27).ConclusionsThe PLR correlated with ICU length of stay for patients with severe hemorrhage and with survival for patients with nonseptic disease processes. The PLR and NLR correlated with illness severity as measured by APPLE scores. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further determine the merit of NLR and PLR as indicators of morbidity, mortality, and illness severity.
In defense of xenotransplantation research: Because of, not in spite of, animal welfare concerns
Authors: Bobier Christopher , Rodger Daniel , Hurst Daniel J. , Omelianchuk Adam 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIt is envisioned that one day xenotransplantation will bring about a future where transplantable organs can be safely and efficiently grown in transgenic pigs to help meet the global organ shortage. While recent advances have brought this future closer, worries remain about whether it will be beneficial overall. The unique challenges and risks posed to humans that arise from transplanting across the species barrier, in addition to the costs borne by non‐human animals, has led some to question the value of xenotransplantation altogether. In response, we defend the value of xenotransplantation research, because it can satisfy stringent welfare conditions on the permissibility of animal research and use. Along the way, we respond to the alleged concerns, and conclude that they do not currently warrant a cessation or a curtailing of xenotransplantation research.
Generalized torsion for hyperbolic 3‐manifold groups with arbitrary large rank
Authors: Ito Tetsuya , Motegi Kimihiko , Teragaito Masakazu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLet be a group and a non‐trivial element in . If some non‐empty finite product of conjugates of equals to the trivial element, then is called a generalized torsion element. To the best of our knowledge, we have no hyperbolic 3‐manifold groups with generalized torsion elements whose rank is explicitly known to be greater than two. The aim of this short note is to demonstrate that for a given integer there are infinitely many closed hyperbolic 3‐manifolds which enjoy the property: (i) the Heegaard genus of is , (ii) the rank of is , and (ii) has a generalized torsion element. Furthermore, we may choose as homology lens spaces and so that the order of the generalized torsion element is arbitrarily large.
Discorrelation of multiplicative functions with nilsequences and its application on coefficients of automorphic L‐functions
Authors: He Xiaoguang , Wang Mengdi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe introduce a class of multiplicative functions in which each function satisfies some statistic conditions, and then prove that the above functions are not correlated with finite degree polynomial nilsequences. Besides, we give two applications of this result. One is that the twisting of coefficients of automorphic L‐function on and polynomial nilsequences has logarithmic decay; the other is that the mean value of the Möbius function, coefficients of automorphic L‐function, and polynomial nilsequences also has logarithmic decay.
Assistive technology, information asymmetry and the role of brokerage services: a scoping review
Authors: D'Cunha Nathan Martin , Isbel Stephen , Goss John , Pezzullo Lynne , Naumovski Nenad , Gibson Diane 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesAccess to assistive technologies (ATs) is a human right for people with disabilities, but there are a range of barriers, including lack of adequate information. This review aimed to explore the implications of information asymmetry on the delivery of AT and to investigate if there are effective and equitable ways of providing AT brokerage services to people needing AT.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesEBSCO Medline, EBSCO Cinahl, Academic Search Ultimate, Business Source Ultimate, Proquest Central, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO, EconLit and JSTOR were searched through 18 July 2021.Eligibility criteriaIntervention and observational studies and articles directly related to information asymmetry and brokerage in the context of AT were included. In addition, a scan of web-based resources and services was undertaken.Data extraction and synthesisFour authors independently screened the articles for inclusion and performed a narrative synthesis.ResultsThirty-three articles were identified. The narrative synthesis showed that: (1) AT users want access to impartial information sources; (2) users want to be involved in AT selection; (3) users benefit from access to demonstration sites; (4) users want access to training and ongoing support in their use of AT; and (5) users want access to information on new and emerging technologies. Access to information and user engagement, we produced better outcomes and satisfaction. Web-based repositories are valuable for user research and peer feedback, while demonstration sites address the need for expert advice, trial use of equipment, training and support in equipment use and maintenance.ConclusionsAccess to impartial information brokerage is critical to optimise AT selection. The implications of information asymmetry include lower user satisfaction, equipment underutilisation or abandonment. Aspects such as access to demonstration sites and web-based resources were also important.
Comparing Thoracoscopic and Robotic Lobectomy Using a Nationally Representative Database
Authors: Alvarado Christine E. , Worrell Stephanie G. , Sarode Anuja L. , Jiang Boxiang , Halloran Sean J. , Argote-Greene Luis M. , Linden Philip A. , Towe Christopher W. 
Published: December 2022

Background Studies of robotic lobectomy (Robot-L) have been performed using data from high-volume, specialty centers which may not be generalizable. The purpose of this study was to compare mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost between Robot-L and thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS-L) using a nationally representative database hypothesizing they would be similar. Methods The Premier Healthcare Database was used to identify patients receiving elective lobectomy for lung cancer from 2009 to 2019. Patients were categorized as receiving Robot-L or VATS-L using ICD-9/10 codes. Survey methodology and patient level weighting were used to correct for sampling error and estimation of a nationally representative sample. A propensity match analysis was performed to reduce bias between the groups. Primary outcome of interest was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were LOS and patient charges. Results Among 62 698 patients, 19 506 (31.1%) underwent Robot-L and 43 192 (68.9%) underwent VATS-L. Differences between the groups included age, race, comorbidities, and insurance type. A propensity matched cohort demonstrated similar in-hospital mortality for Robot-L and VATS-L (.9% vs .9%, respectively, P = .91). Patients who underwent Robot-L had a shorter LOS (4 vs 5d, respectively, P < .001) but higher patient charges (90 593.0 vs 72 733.3 USD, respectively, P < .001). Conclusions In a nationally representative database, Robot-L and VATS-L had similar mortality. Although Robot-L was associated with shorter hospitalization, it was also associated with excess charges of almost $20,000. As Robot-L is now the most common approach for lobectomy in the U.S., further study into the cost and benefit of robotic surgery is warranted.
Disability and return to work after a multidisciplinary intervention for (sub)acute low back pain: A systematic review
Authors: Bernaers Lisa , Cnockaert Elise , Braeckman Lutgart , Mairiaux Philippe , Willems Tine Marieke 
Published: December 2022

Objective This systematic review aimed to examine pain, functional status and return to work after a multidisciplinary intervention, with or without additional workplace intervention, for (sub)acute low back pain among adults. Data sources A comprehensive search was completed (November 2022) in six electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, CENTRAL and Scopus) and in the reference list of all identified studies. Review methods The search results were screened against predefined eligibility criteria by two independent researchers. Included articles were systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials examining the effect of a multidisciplinary intervention, with or without workplace intervention, in working adults with (sub)acute low back pain. Relevant information was summarized and clustered, and the methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed respectively using the RoB 2-tool, the ROBIS tool and the GRADE criteria. Results The search resulted in a total of 3020 articles. After the screening process, 12 studies remained (11 randomized controlled trials and 1 systematic review), which studied overall 2751 patients, with a follow-up period of at least 12 months. Conclusions A multidisciplinary intervention is favorable compared to usual care for pain intensity and functional status but this is less clear for return to work. Comparable work-related effects were found when comparing a multidisciplinary intervention with a less extensive intervention, whereas uncertainties exist regarding outcomes of pain intensity and functional status. Furthermore, adding a workplace intervention to usual care and subdividing patients based on work-related characteristics seems beneficial for return to work.
Assessment of the cellular integrity and expression of melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) in the retina assaulted by ethanol and acetaminophen
Authors: Adekeye AO , Fafure AA 
Published: December 2022

Ethanol exposures have been reported to disrupt the development of the retina and optic nerve which can be considered as part of underlying mechanisms of visual pathway impairments. This study aims to investigate the cellular integrity of the retina and the expression of melatonin receptor (MTNR1A) in the retina when assaulted chronically and simultaneously by ethanol and acetaminophen. Animals were randomly grouped into five groups. Control (normal saline), Alcohol group (25% alcohol in 2% sucrose solution), Acetaminophen group, (100 mg/kg BW for 14 days), Acetaminophen + Alcohol group (25% alcohol in 2% sucrose solution + 100 mg/kg BW of paracetamol). Withdrawal group (25% alcohol in 2% sucrose solution + 100 mg/kg BW of paracetamol). The body weight and rectal temperature of the animals were taking every 2 days and a post mortem study was conducted by quantitatively assessing the markers of oxidative stress. Melatonin level was quantified in the retina tissue and Immunohistochemistry was done via MTNR1A to study the expression of melatonin receptor type 1A in the retina. These results demonstrate that alcohol and acetaminophen significantly reduced the activity of retina rat melatonin (MTNR1A) levels, lowers the SOD and MDA activity. Expression of MTNR1A was reduced in the ganglionic cell layer of Alcohol and acetaminophen group as compared to the control and withdrawal group. It can be inferred that chronic simultaneous intake/consumption of alcohol and acetaminophen altered the melatonin level in the retina and this may implicate the circadian clock and melatonin in Wistar rat visual system.
Craniolacunia and the Development of the Fetal Calvaria: An Autopsy Series With Clinical and Histological Analysis
Authors: Reed Robyn C. 
Published: December 2022

Background: Craniolacunia, also known as lückenschädel, is a congenital abnormality of the calvaria featuring well-circumscribed areas of marked thinning, interspersed with more-normal bone. It is most commonly associated with myelomeningocele and/or Chiari 2 malformation. Methods: Records, photographs, and histologic sections were reviewed from 13 autopsy cases with craniolacunia. To investigate normal calvarial development, 23 parietal bone samples from fetuses/infants of 16–42 weeks gestation were examined. Results: Parietal bone development had reproducible morphologic stages. Bone thickness increased with gestational age, while osteoblast numbers decreased. Craniolacunia was mainly seen in neonates. Five patients had Chiari 2 malformation, 1 had hydrocephalus, and 2 had other structural CNS abnormalities. One had trisomy 18. Four had no congenital abnormalities. Two sustained intrapartum skull fractures. Histologic sections were available in 5 cases. Lacunae in term infants had architecture similar to normal calvaria at 16–20 weeks. Adjacent bone had age appropriate architecture but increased osteoblast numbers. Conclusions: This is the largest autopsy series of craniolacunia and first systematic histologic analysis of craniolacunia and the developing fetal calvaria. Decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, due to myelomeningocele or other structural abnormality, may promote craniolacunia development. The risk of intrapartum fracture through lacunae emphasizes the continued clinical relevance of this diagnosis.
Global Status of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Tobacco Cessation Interventions Among Dental Professionals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Priya Harsh , Deb Barma Manali , Purohit Bharathi M , Agarwal Deepali , Bhadauria Upendra Singh , Tewari Nitesh , Gupta Shalini , Mishra Deepika , Morankar Rahul , Mathur Vijay Prakash , Duggal Ritu 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND With the emergence of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, globally the use of tobacco has decreased notably, although, it still requires efforts at individual, organizational, community level to decrease the rate further. Dental professionals are at an excellent position to provide tobacco cessation counselling and interventions, however, it is not practiced much due to lack of training and lack of knowledge. Therefore, this systematic review was conducted to assess the global status of knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions among dental professionals. MATERIALS AND METHOD A systematic search of 6 databases with no language restriction since 2000 was undertaken. Studies were included if they assessed knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions among dental professionals using a validated or prevalidated tool. The data obtained for assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice, curriculum and barriers were represented through heatmaps. Quality assessment of the studies was done using Newcastle Ottawa scale. RESULTS Fifty six studies were included in this systematic review. Majority of the studies were found to be of moderate quality. Knowledge regarding the tobacco cessation interventions was more theoretical than practical. All the studies showed a favorable attitude among dental professionals towards tobacco cessation intervention. CONCLUSION The included studies lack homogeneity in assessing knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions. The development and validation of a standardized questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on tobacco cessation interventions could be a potentially effective way to uniformly gather data on the subject.
Fracture in clinical studies of tofacitinib in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hansen Karen E. , Mortezavi Mahta , Nagy Edward , Wang Cunshan , Connell Carol A. , Radi Zaher , Litman Heather J. , Adami Giovanni , Rossini Maurizio 
Published: December 2022

Background: Preclinical data suggest that tofacitinib would protect bone health in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objective: To assess fracture risk in tofacitinib RA clinical trials. Design: Post hoc analysis. Methods: We analyzed pooled data of phase I/II/III and long-term extension studies (‘ P123LTE cohort’), pooled data of placebo-controlled portions of phase III studies ( phase III placebo-controlled cohort), and data from ORAL Surveillance [phase IIIb/IV randomized, open-label trial evaluating tofacitinib 5/10 mg twice daily (BID) vs tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) in patients ⩾ 50 years with ⩾ 1 additional cardiovascular risk factor]. Results: In the phase III placebo-controlled cohort, incidence rates (IRs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] of fracture were 2.11 (1.09–3.68), 2.56 (1.23–4.71), and 4.43 (1.78–9.12) per 100 patient-years (PYs) for tofacitinib 5 mg BID, tofacitinib 10 mg BID, and placebo, respectively [tofacitinib 5 mg BID vs placebo: hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) = 0.55(0.18–1.65); tofacitinib 10 mg BID vs placebo: HR (95% CI) = 0.72 (0.26–2.01)]. In P123LTE, IRs (95% CI) were 2.62 (2.29–2.99) and 2.26 (2.02–2.52) per 100 PY for average tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg BID, respectively. In ORAL Surveillance, IRs (95% CI) were 2.79 (2.34–3.30), 2.87 (2.40–3.40), and 2.27 (1.87–2.74) per 100 PY for tofacitinib 5 mg BID, tofacitinib 10 mg BID, and TNFi, respectively. In ORAL Surveillance, the risk of fracture was numerically higher than TNFi for tofacitinib 5 mg BID [HR (95% CI) = 1.23 (0.96–1.58)] and tofacitinib 10 mg BID [HR (95% CI) = 1.26 (0.97–1.62)]. In ORAL Surveillance, independent predictors of all and osteoporotic fractures with tofacitinib or TNFi included age ⩾ 65, female sex, history of fracture/osteoporosis, and baseline oral corticosteroid use. Conclusion: This post hoc analysis showed numerically lower fracture risk with tofacitinib versus placebo and numerically greater risk versus TNFi. We did not identify any tofacitinib-specific predictors of fractures, and predictors of fracture were generally aligned with prior literature in the general population and patients with RA. Patients with fracture risk factors should be adequately monitored and treated. Clinical trial registration: NCT00960440, NCT00847613, NCT00814307, NCT00856544, NCT00853385, NCT01039688, NCT02187055, NCT02831855, NCT00413699, NCT00147498, NCT00413660, NCT00550446, NCT00603512, NCT00687193, NCT00661661, NCT01164579, NCT00976599, NCT01059864, NCT01359150, NCT01262118, NCT01484561, NCT02281552, NCT02147587, NCT02092467
Changes in Performance on Common Return-to-Sport Tests During a Collegiate Women’s Soccer Season: Implications for Baseline Testing
Authors: Montgomery Melissa M. , Carranza Steve 
Published: December 2022

Background: Baseline testing of objective lower limb function may help clinicians make more informed return-to-sport (RTS) decisions in the event of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. However, as these tests are based on physical performance, it is possible that they improve during the season as athletes get stronger and fitter. Hence, it may be difficult to ascertain the patient’s preinjury status and have an accurate reference for comparison when determining readiness for RTS. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in common ACL RTS tests during a college soccer season to determine the most appropriate time to perform baseline testing. Hypothesis: Hop test performance will improve across the season. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory; prospective cohort. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: A total of 31 women’s soccer players from 1 NCAA Division I university agreed to participate this study. Participants performed 4 single-leg hop tests and the 505-agility test to measure cutting speed on 3 occasions: preseason (PRE), midseason (MID), and end-of-season (END). Performance on each test was compared across days to determine whether performance increased during the season. As a secondary analysis, limb symmetry index (LSI) was also compared across the season. Results: A total of 23 participants (age, 19.7 ± 1.3 years; height, 1.69 ± 0.07 m; weight 60.9 ± 7.2 kg) completed all 3 testing sessions during the season. Performance during PRE was better than MID and END for all hop tests (all P < 0.01). LSI did not change during the season ( P value range, 0.18-0.79). Conclusion: Performance on the hop tests was best during preseason and declined thereafter, which may be reflective of cumulative fatigue. Clinical Relevance: Baseline testing of RTS tests performed during preseason may provide an accurate representation of an athlete’s best abilities over the course of a collegiate soccer season. Preseason testing would also enable athletic trainers to acquire baseline data for all athletes before they are injured.