bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and Electronic Properties of Two‐Dimensional Materials: A Machine‐Learning‐Guided Prediction
Authors: Ramanathan Eshwar S , Chowdhury Chandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe growing number of studies and interest in two‐dimensional (2D) materials has not yet resulted in a wide range of material applications. This is a result of difficulties in getting the properties, which are often determined through numerical experiments or through first‐principles predictions, both of which require lots of time and resources. Here we provide a general machine learning (ML) model that works incredibly well as a predictor for a variety of electronic and structural properties such as band gap, fermi level, work function, total energy and area of unit cell for a wide range of 2D materials derived from the Computational 2D Materials Database (C2DB). Our predicted model for classification of samples works extraordinarily well and gives an accuracy of around 99 %. We are able to successfully decrease the number of studied features by employing a strict permutation‐based feature selection method along with the sure independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO), which further supports the design recommendations for the identification of novel 2D materials with the desired properties.
Exposing the Oxygen‐Centered Radical Character of the Tetraoxido Ruthenium(VIII) Cation [RuO4]+
Authors: da Silva Santos Mayara , Medel Robert , Flach Max , Ablyasova Olesya S. , Timm Martin , von Issendorff Bernd , Hirsch Konstantin , Zamudio‐Bayer Vicente , Riedel Sebastian , Lau J. Tobias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe tetraoxido ruthenium(VIII) radical cation, [RuO4]+, should be a strong oxidizing agent, but has been difficult to produce and investigate so far. In our X‐ray absorption spectroscopy study, in combination with quantum‐chemical calculations, we show that [RuO4]+, produced via oxidation of ruthenium cations by ozone in the gas phase, forms the oxygen‐centered radical ground state. The oxygen‐centered radical character of [RuO4]+ is identified by the chemical shift at the ruthenium M3 edge, indicative of ruthenium(VIII), and by the presence of a characteristic low‐energy transition at the oxygen K edge, involving an oxygen‐centered singly‐occupied molecular orbital, which is suppressed when the oxygen‐centered radical is quenched by hydrogenation of [RuO4]+ to the closed‐shell [RuO4H]+ ion. Hydrogen‐atom abstraction from methane is calculated to be only slightly less exothermic for [RuO4]+ than for [OsO4]+.
Comparison of low‐velocity impact behavior of thick laminated composite structure with experimental and modeling technique
Authors: Başoğlu Furkan , Yakar Ender Can , Bora Mustafa Özgür , Tuna Volkan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, the dynamic behavior under low‐veloctiy impact of E‐glass epoxy unidirectional thick laminated composite structure was investigated by numerical methods and compared with experimental results. Thereby, it was aimed to detect the impact behavior of the composite structures with numerical analysis program for reducing experimental tests on these composite structures. LS‐DYNA finite element method (FEM) software was used for numerical modeling. The material model MAT055, which is based on the Tsai–Wu matrix failure modeling on damage mechanics, was selected for the analyses in LS‐DYNA. Low‐velocity impact analyses have been carried out on composite structures at various impact energies as a range of 15–250 J as similar to experiments. From the analysis of the plots, it can be seen that the values of absorption energy provided by the FEM analyses are close to the experimental values at all impact energy levels. It can be determined that the mean difference between the absorption energy levels provided from the experimental and numerical studies is 1.81%. In the same studies, matrix cracking was observed at 50 J impact energy value and full penetration was observed at 250 J impact energy. The error rate between the values obtained using the derived impact energy prediction equation and the values obtained as a result of numerical analysis was maximum 5.26%. Thus, derived equation was found to be reasonable for use in predicting the absorption energy. As a result, these values indicate that the experimental results are agreed well with the numerical results.Highlights
Dynamic behavior under impact of thick laminated composite was investigated.
Impact analyses were performed at impact energies as a range of 15–250 J.
At 250 J impact energy, the composite deformed with full penetration damage.
Impact damage areas were calculated according to impact energy levels.
It would be useful to use numerical analysis method in terms of cost and time.
Nordic Media Systems
Authors: Andersson Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present chapter reviews the structures and developments that characterise the Nordic media landscape. The Nordic countries are marked by various commonalities, in support of consensus-making and managing conflict, which have become associated with “corporatism”. Partly drawing on that context, they have commonly been depicted as belonging to a special “Nordic” media model. After taking note of the stylised key dimensions of such a model, we examine the actual features of the Nordic media systems and how they have evolved over time. In this, additionally, we compare the media systems of the Nordic countries with those of each other while also making international comparisons. Through the recent phase, associated with digitalisation, commercialisation, and populism, the Nordic countries have continued to display a special media model, although with a shift away from defensive and rigid sentiments towards becoming more conducive to adaptation and renewal. As the media landscape has become more complex and multifaceted, however, tensions building at the intersection of changed conditions for journalism, unruly media content, and polarising politics, pose serious questions for the road ahead.
Deterministic Dynamic Matching in Worst-Case Update Time
Authors: Kiss Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present deterministic algorithms for maintaining a$$(3/2 + \epsilon )$$(3/2+ϵ)and$$(2 + \epsilon )$$(2+ϵ)-approximate maximum matching in a fully dynamic graph with worst-case update times$${\hat{O}}(\sqrt{n})$$O^(n)and$${\tilde{O}}(1)$$O~(1)respectively. The fastest known deterministic worst-case update time algorithms for achieving approximation ratio$$(2 - \delta )$$(2-δ)(for any$$\delta > 0$$δ>0) and$$(2 + \epsilon )$$(2+ϵ)were both shown by Roghani et al. (Beating the folklore algorithm for dynamic matching, 2021) with update times$$O(n^{3/4})$$O(n3/4)and$$O_\epsilon (\sqrt{n})$$Oϵ(n)respectively. We close the gap between worst-case and amortized algorithms for the two approximation ratios as the best deterministic amortized update times for the problem are$$O_\epsilon (\sqrt{n})$$Oϵ(n)and$${\tilde{O}}(1)$$O~(1)which were shown in Bernstein and Stein (in: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on discrete algorithms, 2016) and Bhattacharya and Kiss (in: 48th international colloquium on automata, languages, and programming, ICALP 2021, 12–16 July, Glasgow, 2021) respectively. The algorithm achieving$$(3/2 + \epsilon )$$(3/2+ϵ)approximation builds on the EDCS concept introduced by the influential paper of Bernstein and Stein (in: International colloquium on automata, languages, and programming, Springer, Berlin, 2015). Say thatHis a$$(\alpha , \delta )$$(α,δ)-approximate matching sparsifier if at all timesHsatisfies that$$\mu (H) \cdot \alpha + \delta \cdot n \ge \mu (G)$$μ(H)·α+δ·n≥μ(G)(define$$(\alpha , \delta )$$(α,δ)-approximation similarly for matchings). We show how to maintain a locally damaged version of the EDCS which is a$$(3/2 + \epsilon , \delta )$$(3/2+ϵ,δ)-approximate matching sparsifier. We further show how to reduce the maintenance of an$$\alpha $$α-approximate maximum matching to the maintenance of an$$(\alpha , \delta )$$(α,δ)-approximate maximum matching building based on an observation of Assadi et al. (in: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual (ACM-SIAM) symposium on discrete algorithms, (SODA) 2016, Arlington, VA, USA, January 10–12, 2016). Our reduction requires an update time blow-up of$${\hat{O}}(1)$$O^(1)or$${\tilde{O}}(1)$$O~(1)and is deterministic or randomized against an adaptive adversary respectively. To achieve$$(2 + \epsilon )$$(2+ϵ)-approximation we improve on the update time guarantee of an algorithm of Bhattacharya and Kiss (in: 48th International colloquium on automata, languages, and programming, ICALP 2021, 12–16 July, Glasgow, 2021). In order to achieve both results we explicitly state a method implicitly used in Nanongkai and Saranurak (in: Proceedings of the twenty-seventh annual ACM symposium on theory of computing, 2017) and Bernstein et al. (Fully-dynamic graph sparsifiers against an adaptive adversary, 2020) which allows to transform dynamic algorithms capable of processing the input in batches to a dynamic algorithms with worst-case update time.
Identifying Adolescents at Highest Risk of ART Non-adherence, Using the World Health Organization-Endorsed HEADSS and HEADSS+ Checklists
Authors: Cluver Lucie D. , Shenderovich Yulia , Seslija Marko , Zhou Siyanai , Toska Elona , Armstrong Alice , Gulaid Laurie A. , Ameyan Wole , Cassolato Matteo , Kuo Caroline C. , Laurenzi Christina , Sherr Lorraine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBrief tools are necessary to identify adolescents at greatest risk for ART non-adherence. From the WHO’s HEADSS/HEADSS+ adolescent wellbeing checklists, we identify constructs strongly associated with non-adherence (validated with viral load). We conducted interviews and collected clinical records from a 3-year cohort of 1046 adolescents living with HIV from 52 South African government facilities. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator variable selection approach with a generalized linear mixed model. HEADSS constructs most predictive were: violence exposure (aOR 1.97, CI 1.61; 2.42, p < 0.001), depression (aOR 1.71, CI 1.42; 2.07, p < 0.001) and being sexually active (aOR 1.80, CI 1.41; 2.28, p < 0.001). Risk of non-adherence rose from 20.4% with none, to 55.6% with all three. HEADSS+ constructs were: medication side effects (aOR 2.27, CI 1.82; 2.81, p < 0.001), low social support (aOR 1.97, CI 1.60; 2.43, p < 0.001) and non-disclosure to parents (aOR 2.53, CI 1.91; 3.53, p < 0.001). Risk of non-adherence rose from 21.6% with none, to 71.8% with all three. Screening within established checklists can improve identification of adolescents needing increased support. Adolescent HIV services need to include side-effect management, violence prevention, mental health and sexual and reproductive health.
Fabrication of an electrospun polycaprolactone substrate for colorimetric bioassays
Authors: Xu Chensong , Bonfante Gwenaël , Park Jongho , Salles Vincent , Kim Beomjoon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractColorimetric assays rely on detecting colour changes to measure the concentration of target molecules. Paper substrates are commonly used for the detection of biomarkers due to their availability, porous structure, and capillarity. However, the morphological and mechanical properties of paper, such as fibre diameter, pore size, and tensile strength, cannot be easily tuned to meet the specific requirements of colorimetric sensors, including liquid capacity and reagent immobilisation. As an alternative to paper materials, biodegradable polymeric membranes made of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibres can provide various tunable properties related to fibre diameter and pore size.We aimed to obtain a glucose sensor substrate for colorimetric sensing using electrospinning with PCL. A feeding solution was created by mixing PCL/chloroform and 3,3’,5’,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)/ethanol solutions. This solution was electrospun to fabricate a porous membrane composed of microfibres consist of PCL and TMB. The central area of the membrane was made hydrophilic through air plasma treatment, and it was subsequently functionalized with a solution containing glucose oxidase, horseradish peroxidase, and trehalose.The sensing areas were evaluated by measuring colour changes in glucose solutions of varying concentrations. The oxidation reactions of glucose and TMB in sensor substrates were recorded and analysed to establish the correlation between different glucose concentrations and colour changes. For comparison, conventional paper substrates prepared with same parameters were evaluated alongside the electrospun PCL substrates. As a result, better immobilization of reagents and higher sensitivity of glucose were achieved with PCL substrates, indicating their potential usage as a new sensing substrate for bioassays.
Too poor to be clean? A quantile ARDL assessment of the environmental Kuznets curve in SADC countries
Authors: Phiri Andrew , Mhaka Simba , Taonezvi Lovemore 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a fit of the environmental Kuznets curve for Southern African development community (SADC) countries. To this end, we estimate a quadratic regression between greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N20, CH4), per capita income and other controls, using the pooled mean group (PMG) and quantile autoregressive distributive lag (QARDL) models applied to annual data spanning from 1990 to 2021. On one hand, the PMG (Pooled mean group) estimators reveal an EKC fit for CO2 emissions (turning point = $4675), an inverse EKC for CH4 emissions (turning point = $6310) and no fit for the N20 emissions. On the other hand, the QARDL estimators further reveal more significant effects existing at the tail end distributions of the curve for all classes of emissions with turning points in the upper (lower) quantiles being higher (lower) than those from the PMG estimators. Further analysis informs us that only Seychelles have crossed the EKC ‘turning point’ at the upper quantile while the remaining countries are ‘too poor to go green.’ Overall, these findings have implications for the debate on climate justice in Africa.
Some Problems for the Phenomenal Approach to Personal Identity
Authors: Labukt Ivar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
I present some problems for phenomenal (i.e. consciousness-based) accounts of personal identity and egoistic concern. These accounts typically rely on continuity in the capacity for consciousness to explain how we survive ordinary periods of unconsciousness such as dreamless sleep. I offer some thought experiments where continuity in the capacity for consciousness does not seem sufficient for survival and some where it does not seem necessary. There are ways of modifying the standard phenomenal approach so as to avoid these difficulties, but I argue that they all lead to other problems that are no less serious.
Pyow-Hack: Ordered Compositions in Lewis-Skyrms Signaling Games
Authors: Gabriel Nathan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a Lewis-Skyrms signaling game that can exhibit a type of compositionality novel to the signaling game literature. The structure of the signaling game is motivated by an analogy to the alarm calls of putty-nosed monkeys (Cercopithecus nictitans). Putty-nosed monkeys display a compositional system of alarm calls with a semantics that is sensitive to the ordering of terms. This sensitivity to the ordering of terms has not been previously modeled with a Lewis-Skyrms signaling game literature. Signaling games are valued for showing how communicative systems can arise with minimal learning tools. Simulation results show that basic (Roth-Erev) reinforcement learning is sufficient for the acquisition of a compositional signaling system sensitive to the ordering of terms.
Kant’s Crucial Contribution to Euler Diagrams
Authors: Lemanski Jens 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLogic diagrams have been increasingly studied and applied for a few decades, not only in logic, but also in many other fields of science. The history of logic diagrams is an important subject, as many current systems and applications of logic diagrams are based on historical predecessors. While traditional histories of logic diagrams cite pioneers such as Leibniz, Euler, Venn, and Peirce, it is not widely known that Kant and the early Kantians in Germany and England played a crucial role in popularising Euler(-type) diagrams. In this paper, the role of the Kantians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries will be analysed in more detail. It shows that diagrams (or intuition in general) were a highly contentious topic that depend on the philosophical attitude and went beyond logic to touch on issues of physics, metaphysics, linguistics and, above all, mathematics.
Sufficient Matrices: Properties, Generating and Testing
Authors: E.-Nagy Marianna , Illés Tibor , Povh Janez , Varga Anita , Žerovnik Janez 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates various aspects of sufficient matrices, one of the most relevant matrix classes introduced in connection with linear complementarity problems. We summarize the most important theoretical results and properties related to sufficient matrices. Based on these, we propose different construction rules that can be used to generate new matrices that belong to this class. A nonnegative number can be assigned to each sufficient matrix, which is called its handicap and works as a measure of sufficiency. The handicap plays a crucial role in proving convergence and complexity results for interior point algorithms for linear complementarity problems. For a particular sufficient matrix, called Csizmadia’s matrix, we give the exact value of the handicap, which is exponential in the size of the matrix. Another important topic that we address is deciding whether a matrix is sufficient. Tseng proved in 2000 that this decision problem is co-NP hard. We investigate three different algorithms for determining the sufficiency of a given matrix: Väliaho’s algorithm, a linear programming-based algorithm, and an algorithm that facilitates nonlinear programming reformulations of the definition of sufficiency. We tested the efficiency of these methods on our recently launched benchmark data set that consists of four different sets of matrices. In this paper, we give the description and most important properties of the benchmark set, which can be used in the future to compare the performance of different interior point algorithms for linear complementarity problems.
What we owe to decision-subjects: beyond transparency and explanation in automated decision-making
Authors: Grant David Gray , Behrends Jeff , Basl John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The ongoing explosion of interest in artificial intelligence is fueled in part by recently developed techniques in machine learning. Those techniques allow automated systems to process huge amounts of data, utilizing mathematical methods that depart from traditional statistical approaches, and resulting in impressive advancements in our ability to make predictions and uncover correlations across a host of interesting domains. But as is now widely discussed, the way that those systems arrive at their outputs is often opaque, even to the experts who design and deploy them. Is it morally problematic to make use of opaque automated methods when making high-stakes decisions, like whether to issue a loan to an applicant, or whether to approve a parole request? Many scholars answer in the affirmative. However, there is no widely accepted explanation for why transparent systems are morally preferable to opaque systems. We argue that the use of automated decision-making systems sometimes violates duties of consideration that are owed by decision-makers to decision-subjects, duties that are both epistemic and practical in character. Violations of that kind generate a weighty consideration against the use of opaque decision systems. In the course of defending our approach, we show that it is able to address three major challenges sometimes leveled against attempts to defend the moral import of transparency in automated decision-making.
Measuring disability in multiple sclerosis: the WHODAS 2.0
Authors: Young Carolyn A. , Rog David J. , Sharrack Basil , Constantinescu Cris , Kalra Seema , Harrower Tim , Langdon Dawn , Tennant Alan , Mills Roger J. ,   the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions (MS) Study Group
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Reliable measurement of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) using a comprehensive, patient self-reported scale, such as the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0, would be of clinical and research benefit.

Methods
In the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions-MS study, WHODAS 2.0 (WHODAS-36 items for working, WHODAS-32 items if not working, WHODAS-12 items short-form) was examined using Rasch analysis in 5809 people with MS.

Results
The 36- and 32-item parallel forms, and the cognitive and physical domains, showed reliability consistent with individual or group use. The 12-item short-form is valid for group use only. Interval level measurement for parametric statistics can be derived from all three scales which showed medium to strong effect sizes for discrimination across characteristics such as age, subtype, and disease duration. Smallest detectable difference for each scale was < 6 on the standardised metric of 0–100 so < 6% of the total range. There was no substantial differential item functioning (DIF) by age, gender, education, working full/part-time, or disease duration; the finding of no DIF for time or sample supports the use of WHODAS 2.0 for longitudinal studies, with the 36- and 32-item versions and the physical and cognitive domains valid for individual patient follow-up.

Conclusions
Disability in MS can be comprehensively measured at interval level by the WHODAS 2.0, and validly monitored over time. Routine use of this self-reported measure in clinical and research practice would give valuable information on the trajectories of disability of individuals and groups.
Introduction and Comparison of Novel Decentral Learning Schemes with Multiple Data Pools for Privacy-Preserving ECG Classification
Authors: Baumgartner Martin , Veeranki Sai Pavan Kumar , Hayn Dieter , Schreier Günter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence and machine learning have led to prominent and spectacular innovations in various scenarios. Application in medicine, however, can be challenging due to privacy concerns and strict legal regulations. Methods that centralize knowledge instead of data could address this issue. In this work, 6 different decentralized machine learning algorithms are applied to 12-lead ECG classification and compared to conventional, centralized machine learning. The results show that state-of-the-art federated learning leads to reasonable losses of classification performance compared to a standard, central model (−0.054 AUROC) while providing a significantly higher level of privacy. A proposed weighted variant of federated learning (−0.049 AUROC) and an ensemble (−0.035 AUROC) outperformed the standard federated learning algorithm. Overall, considering multiple metrics, the novel batch-wise sequential learning scheme performed best (−0.036 AUROC to baseline). Although, the technical aspects of implementing them in a real-world application are to be carefully considered, the described algorithms constitute a way forward towards preserving-preserving AI in medicine.