bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial of standard versus higher dose carboplatin‐based intravenous chemotherapy for group D and E retinoblastoma
Authors: Roy Pritam Singha , Muhammed Safal , Singh Usha , Gowravajhala Sameeksha , Jain Richa , Trehan Amita , Bansal Deepak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccess to intra‐arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is limited. There is a need to optimize the efficacy of systemic chemotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma, particularly in LMICs. The aim was to compare the efficacy of standard versus higher dose carboplatin‐based intravenous chemotherapy for group D and E retinoblastoma.MethodsThe single‐center, single‐blinded, randomized study was conducted during 2019–2021. Patients with newly diagnosed group D or E retinoblastoma were randomized to receive vincristine, etoposide, and standard versus higher dose (<36 months: 18.6 vs. 28 mg/kg; ≥36 months: 560 vs. 840 mg/m2) carboplatin. Examination under anesthesia and ultrasonography was performed at diagnosis and following three cycles of chemotherapy. Group E eyes with poor likelihood of globe/vision salvage at diagnosis were excluded.ResultsThirty‐two eyes of 30 patients were analyzed: 17 group D and 15 group E eyes. The tumor response to chemotherapy with regards to regression pattern (p = .72), tumor shrinkage (diameter: p = .11, height: p = .96), subretinal seeds (p = .91), and vitreous seeds (p = .9) were comparable between the two treatment arms. The globe salvage (group D [82% vs. 67%; p = .58]; group E [12.5% vs. 29%; p = .57]) and salvage of meaningful vision (group D [100% vs. 75%; p = .13]; group E [100% vs. 50%; p = .48]) were comparable between standard and higher dose arms. No excess treatment‐related toxicity was observed in the higher dose arm.ConclusionsHigher dose carboplatin‐based intravenous chemotherapy did not result in superior globe or vision salvage in group D or E retinoblastoma.
Intra‐abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor: The European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) experience
Authors: Berlanga Pablo , Orbach Daniel , Schoot Reineke A. , Casanova Michela , Alaggio Rita , Corradini Nadege , Brennan Bernadette , Ramirez‐Villar Gema L. , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Chisholm Julia C. , Bisogno Gianni , Coppadoro Beatrice , Safwat Akmal , Merks Johannes H. M. , Burrieza Gabriela Guillen , van Noesel Max M. , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study describes the clinical findings of a consecutive series of pediatric and adolescent patients with a diagnosis of intra‐abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) prospectively enrolled in European pediatric Soft tissue sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) protocols: the BERNIE study, the EpSSG MTS 2008 study, and the EpSSG NRSTS 2005 study.MethodsPatients aged less than 21 years with a diagnosis of DSRCT arising in the abdomen were included. All trials recommended a multimodal approach including intensive multidrug chemotherapy and loco‐regional treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy whenever possible.ResultsThe analysis included 32 cases (median age 13.7 years, male:female ratio 1.5:1). Three patients had localized tumors, seven had regionally disseminated disease, and 22 extraperitoneal metastases. All but one patient received multidrug chemotherapy and 11 had maintenance chemotherapy. Loco‐regional treatment consisted of surgery only in seven cases, surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy in 10, and radiotherapy only in six. Among the 17 cases who had radiotherapy, six had irradiation of the primary site, 10 had whole abdominopelvic radiotherapy plus boost to macroscopic residual disease, and one had irradiation to lung metastases only. With a median follow‐up of 76 months (range: 18–124 months), 5‐year event‐free and overall survivals were 19.7% and 21.0%, respectively. Event‐free survival was significantly worse for patients who did not receive loco‐regional treatment (p‐value .007).ConclusionsThe study confirmed that the outcome of patients with DSRCT remains dismal and did not improve over recent years despite an intensive multimodal treatment approach.
Prognostic value of chest x‐ray‐ and CT‐defined large mediastinal adenopathy in high‐risk pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Study AHOD0831
Authors: Lo Andrea C. , Lee Inki , Pei Qinglin , Wu Yue , McCarten Kathleen M. , Hoppe Bradford S. , Hodgson David C. , Roberts Kenneth , Milgrom Sarah , Kessel Sandy , Cole Peter D. , Kelly Kara M. , Cho Steve Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurpose/objectiveWe compared the prognostic value of chest radiograph (CXR)‐ and computed tomography (CT)‐derived definition of large mediastinal adenopathy (LMA) in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL).Materials/methodsTotal 143 patients treated for stage IIIB/IVB HL on COG AHOD0831 were included in this study. Six definitions of LMA were investigated: (i) mediastinal mass ratio on CXR (MRCXR) > 1/3; (ii) mediastinal mass ratio on CT (MRCT) > 1/3; (iii) mediastinal mass volume on CT (MVCT) > 200 mL; (iv) normalized mediastinal mass volume (MVCT/thoracic diameter [TD]) > 1 mL/mm; (v) mediastinal mass diameter on CT (MDCT) > 10 cm; and (vi) normalized mediastinal mass diameter (MDCT/TD) > 1/3.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 15.8 years (range: 5.2–21.3 years). In patients with a slow early response (SER) to chemotherapy, MVCT > 200 mL, MDCT > 10 cm, and MDCT/TD > 1/3 were associated with worse relapse‐free survival (RFS) on MVA, while MRCXR > 1/3, MRCT > 1/3, and MVCT/TD > 1 mL/mm trended toward worse RFS; MDCT/TD was the most strongly prognostic for inferior RFS, with a hazard ratio of 6.41 for MDCT/TD > 1/3 versus ≤1/3 on MVA (p = .02).ConclusionLMA according to MVCT > 200 mL, MDCT > 10 cm, and MDCT/TD > 1/3 is associated with poor prognosis in advanced‐stage HL patients with SER. The normalized mediastinal diameter, MDCT/TD > 1/3 appears to be the strongest predictor of inferior RFS.
Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A case report
Authors: Kim Sarah , Stucky Nicholas L. , Drummond Wendi , Elbarbry Fawzy , Footer Brent W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe presence of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in addition to underlying critical illness can affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs that are often required to treat this patient population. While ampicillin is the preferred agent for the treatment of susceptible Enterococcus faecalis infections, there are no in vivo pharmacokinetic studies regarding ampicillin dosing in patients receiving ECMO. This case report consists of two patients on venovenous ECMO with E. faecalis bloodstream infections in which ampicillin serum concentrations were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a one compartment open model. Ampicillin trough levels were 5.87 and 39.2 mg/L for patients A and B, respectively. Based on these results, ampicillin concentrations were found to be above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for 100% of the dosing interval. The findings of this case report demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of ampicillin can be obtained in patients on ECMO and therapeutic drug monitoring can be utilized to ensure adequate serum concentrations are achieved.
Correspondence between functional scores from deep mutational scans and predicted effects on protein stability
Authors: Gerasimavicius Lukas , Livesey Benjamin J. , Marsh Joseph A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany methodologically diverse computational methods have been applied to the growing challenge of predicting and interpreting the effects of protein variants. As many pathogenic mutations have a perturbing effect on protein stability or intermolecular interactions, one highly interpretable approach is to use protein structural information to model the physical impacts of variants and predict their likely effects on protein stability and interactions. Previous efforts have assessed the accuracy of stability predictors in reproducing thermodynamically accurate values and evaluated their ability to distinguish between known pathogenic and benign mutations. Here, we take an alternate approach, and explore how well stability predictor scores correlate with functional impacts derived from deep mutational scanning (DMS) experiments. In this work, we compare the predictions of 9 protein stability‐based tools against mutant protein fitness values from 49 independent DMS datasets, covering 170,940 unique single amino acid variants. We find that FoldX and Rosetta show the strongest correlations with DMS‐based functional scores, similar to their previous top performance in distinguishing between pathogenic and benign variants. For both methods, performance is considerably improved when considering intermolecular interactions from protein complex structures, when available. Furthermore, using these two predictors, we derive a “Foldetta” consensus score, which improves upon the performance of both, and manages to match dedicated variant effect predictors in reflecting variant functional impacts. Finally, we also highlight that predicted stability effects show consistently higher correlations with certain DMS experimental phenotypes, particularly those based upon protein abundance, and, in certain cases, can significantly outcompete sequence‐based variant effect prediction methodologies for predicting functional scores from DMS experiments.
Application of an effective marker‐less augmented reality image guidance method in dental implant surgery
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Du Chen , He Bingwei , Zhu Zhaoju , Han Dongqu , Jin Wei , Lin Hao , Shi Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe existing augmented reality (AR) dental implant surgery navigation system usually uses markers to complete image guidance. However, markers often affect dentists' operations and make patients uncomfortable.MethodsTo solve the problems caused by markers, this paper proposes an effective marker‐less image guidance method. After initialisation is completed by contour matching, the corresponding relationship is obtained by matching the feature points between the current frame and the preloaded initial frame. The camera pose is estimated by solving the Perspective‐n‐Point problem.ResultsThe registration error of AR images is 0.731 ± 0.144 mm. The planting errors are 1.174 ± 0.241 mm at the neck, 1.433 ± 0.389 mm at the apex and 5.566 ± 2.102° for the angle. The maximum error and standard deviation meet the clinical requirements.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately guide dentists to perform dental implant surgery.
Adult Supports for Preschool Writers During Learning Centers
Authors: Rowe Deborah Wells , Davis Zarabeth G. , Piestrzynski Laura 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe how experienced emergent writing teachers supported 4‐year‐olds in writing their own messages during the learning centers period of the preschool day. Data were drawn from two, year‐long qualitative studies of early writing instruction. Adult participants were three researcher‐teachers who worked in publicly funded prekindergarten classrooms 1 or 2 days per week across a school year. A sample of six open‐ended, researcher‐child writing events were selected and microanalyzed using the constant/comparative method and multimodal interaction analysis. Results showed that more than a fourth of adult message units were produced in conversations occurring “off the page” aimed at developing a shared, meaningful topic for writing. Drawing was used as a platform for developing ideas and as a launch for page‐based composing. Adults wrote their own texts alongside children as a means of engaging children as co‐authors and providing demonstrations of adult writing. Adults frequently invited children to write messages related to their play and activity, and then asked them to read their writing. They provided direct support for writing processes. Support for children's phonetic spelling was most frequent, followed by support for writing concepts. Handwriting support was provided infrequently. Adults praised all attempts at writing, regardless of the conventionality of the product. Findings provide an empirical description of how adults can support early writing in the context of informal learning center events.
From Rural China to the Digital Wilds: Negotiating Digital Repertoires to Claim the Right to Speak
Authors: Liu Guangxiang , Darvin Ron 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBased on data from a qualitative case study of two Chinese university EFL learners from rural backgrounds, Andy and Jimmy, this study traces their progress from being struggling English language learners to confident speakers of English. Drawing on Darvin and Norton's (2015) model of investment that recognizes the intersection of identity, capital, and ideology, this study dissects Andy and Jimmy's engagement with the digital wilds and their negotiation of resources in online and offline environments. Analysis of interviews, observations, and digital artifacts reveal that as students from rural and migrant worker families, Andy and Jimmy positioned themselves and were positioned by others as inadequate speakers of English, contributing to their initial non‐participation in the English classroom. Participation in the digital wilds however provided these learners with opportunities to acquire a wider range of resources and to reframe their identities as legitimate speakers. Such expanded repertoires empowered them to claim the right to speak and to be heard across online and offline spaces. These findings reiterate the pedagogical potential of the digital wilds in creating conditions that enable rural EFL learners to invest in their learning of English.
Surgical treatment of a persistent right aortic arch with concurrent patent ductus arteriosus in a 4‐month‐old German shepherd dog
Authors: Duguay Marco T. , Walker Meagan A. , Ostrowska Justyna , Hoddinott Katie L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA 4‐month‐old intact female German shepherd dog was presented with a history of postprandial regurgitation, a palpably distended cervical oesophagus after eating, and poor weight gain despite a ravenous appetite. Computed tomography angiography, esophagoscopy and echocardiography identified a persistent right aortic arch with a concurrent patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) causing extraluminal oesophageal compression leading to marked segmental megaoesophagus. A heart murmur was not detectable. A left lateral thoracotomy was performed to ligate and transect the PDA without complication. The dog was discharged with mild aspiration pneumonia which resolved with antimicrobial therapy. Twelve months post‐surgery the owners reported no regurgitation.
Getting Started
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this introductory chapter we will introduce two essential concepts: differential equations and numerical methods. If you want to spend as little energy as possible (don’t be ashamed of that - energy preservation is both fashionable and a fundamental property of many biological mechanisms - it’s fine) you can get a good overview from this chapter alone.
Re-Introducing the Cell: The Extracellular-Membrane-Intracellular (EMI) Model
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs mentioned earlier, the bidomain system is currently the standard mathematical model of cardiac electrophysiology. This system is nowroutinely solved and provides valuable insights into the conduction of electrical signals in cardiac tissue. However, the model has one glaring limitation: The cardiomyocyte is nowhere to be found in the model, since the extracellular space, the intracellular space and the cell membrane are all assumed to be everywhere in the computational domain. The cell was lost in homogenization! There is a tremendous advantage to this because the model becomes much simpler and thus solvable for the whole human heart. And it works! But the downside is of course that the cell is the essential building block of the tissue and leaving it out of the model has consequences. For instance, it becomes impossible to investigate the detailed dynamics of the electrochemical processes in the vicinity of a small collection of cells.
The Diffusion Equation
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe diffusion equation appears in many applications in science and engineering, and computational physiology is no exception. In its most basic form, the diffusion equation is also useful as an example of how to deal with a PDE using numerical methods. We will start by considering it as a stand-alone model, but in the next chapterswe will study it in combination with non-linear ODEs. This chapter therefore serves as a warm-up for the more complex models. We will also follow the path we started above. In the very simplest case of an ODE, we found a formula for the solution of both the differential equation and the numerical scheme approximating the equation. One nice consequence of this is that, as we saw above, we can explicitly study the error introduced by the numerical approximation. In this chapter, we will use the same approach to study the error of the numerical approximation of the diffusion equation.
Implicit Numerical Methods
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the previous chapter, we saw that the simple explicit numerical scheme resulted in an instability problem. We also saw that the problem could be resolved by using sufficiently short time steps. But in many situations, short time steps become exceedingly short, as can be seen, e.g., in the stability criterion (3.56). This means that we have to perform computations for a very large number of time steps to reach the final time and it is therefore tempting to look for alternatives. The most common alternative is to use an implicit scheme, which generally allows for much longer time steps.
A Simple Cable Equation
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cable equation was first derived to model transport of electrical signals in telegraphic cables. But it later gained enormous popularity as a model of transport of electrical signals along a neuronal axon. In Chapter 9, we will discuss how this equation is derived and how the different terms in the equation come about. But here, we will just take a simple version of the equations for granted and then try to solve them. We will observe that the few techniques we learned above are actually sufficient to solve the non-linear reaction-diffusion equations we consider here.
Operator Splitting
Authors: Horgmo Jæger Karoline , Tveito Aslak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn mathematics, a common approach to solving a new problem is to break down the problem into sub-problems that you know how to solve and then try to glue the pieces together to yield a solution of the new problem. This approach is also very useful in software development; well-tested pieces of software can be glued together in order to obtain solutions to a wider class of problems. Operator splitting is a technique that illustrates this principle very well. Rather complex equations can be broken down into more familiar problems and solved individually. It’s a miracle that it works, but it does. And it’s no miracle because there are proofs of convergence. Anyway, we will illustrate operator splitting with two examples and then come back to this technique when the equations become more challenging.
Diskussion der Ergebnisse: Projektakzeptanz bedingt integrierende Kommunikation
Authors: Walter Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungIn dieser Forschungsarbeit wurde zum Verständnis des Phänomens der Akzeptanz beigetragen, die (In-)Akzeptanz der sächsischen Bevölkerung gegenüber Anlagen der Energie- und Rohstoffwirtschaft ermittelt sowie akzeptanzsteigernde Maßnahmen bestimmt. Um den Wissenstransfer zu befördern und insbesondere KMU der untersuchten Branchen zu unterstützen, wurden Teile der Forschungsergebnisse in der Webapplikation Akzeptanz-O-Meter zusammengeführt. In diesem Kapitel werden die Erkenntnisse gebündelt wiedergegeben, kritisch diskutiert sowie der zukünftige Forschungsbedarf abgeleitet.
Asymmetrische Reflexionstheorien: Der Abschied der Soziologie vom Recht
Authors: Bora Alfons 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungBisher haben wir auf der begrifflich-konzeptionellen Basis eines reflexionstheoretischen Untersuchungsansatzes die Strukturen früher Interdisziplinaritätsmodelle in der deutschsprachigen Rechtssoziologie untersucht, in denen die Fundamente aller späteren Entwicklungen gelegt wurden. Rechtswissenschaftliche Autonomie- und Praxisdiskurse, so war deutlich geworden, ließen sich am Ende des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts nicht integrieren und gaben dadurch den Raum für die neu entstehende Soziologie frei. Diese entsprang als eigenständige Disziplin unter anderem aus dem Motiv der Autonomisierung, also eines reflexionstheoretischen Abstands zur Jurisprudenz, in der welcher sich zeitgleich mit der Entstehung der Soziologie Interdisziplinaritätskonzepte etablierten, nach denen die Beziehungen der Soziologie zur Rechtswissenschaft instrumenteller, dienender Natur sind.
Reconstruction of the event vertex in the PandaX-III experiment with convolution neural network
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Yu , Wang Shaobo , Han Ke , Lin Heng , Ni Kaixiang , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The PandaX-III experiment uses a high-pressure xenon gaseous time projection chamber (TPC) to search for the neutrinoless double beta decay (0νββ) of 136Xe. The absence of the vertex position in the electron drift direction at which the event takes place in the detector limits the PandaX-III TPC’s performance. The charged particle tracks recorded by the TPC provide a possibility for vertex reconstruction. In this paper, a convolution neural network (CNN) model VGGZ0net is proposed for the reconstruction of vertex position. An 11 cm precision is achieved with the Monte Carlo simulation events uniformly distributed along a maximum drift distance of 120 cm. The electron loss during the drift under the different gas conditions is studied, and after the distance-based correction, the detector energy resolution is significantly improved. The CNN model is also verified successfully using the experimental data of the PandaX-III prototype detector.
Cosmology as a weak gravitational field and the trans-Planckian problem
Authors: Komissarov Ilia , Nicolis Alberto , Staunton John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At momenta much higher than the Hubble scale, the cosmological expansion can be thought of as a weak gravitational field. We consider QFT in a particularly convenient set of coordinates that makes this manifest, so that, for those high momenta, the effects of the cosmological expansion can be dealt with using the standard tools of perturbation theory in Minkowski space. In this way, we re-derive standard results of QFT in a cosmological background, such as mode-stretching and gravitational particle production. We discuss the implications of our results for the trans-Planckian problem.