bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic performance of 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose PET for brain metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chan Tak Kwong , Li Wai Ip , Lau Jeremy Hugh Yen-hey , Chu King Sun , Au Yong Ting Kun , Kung Boom Ting 
Published: June 2023

Introduction
Brain metastases may manifest as hypermetabolism or hypometabolism compared with normal brain activity on 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose PET (18F-FDG PET). We aim to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of FDG PET for detecting brain metastases from different extracranial primary cancers.

Methods
PubMed and EMBASE were searched systematically. Study selection and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. Meta-analysis was performed using a bivariate random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression would be performed if heterogeneity was found.

Results
A total of 2227 patients from 11 studies were included in the review and analysis. Using the bivariate random-effects model, summary patient-based sensitivity and specificity for all 11 studies were estimated to be 0.440 [95% confidence interval (CI)] 0.295–0.597) and 0.997 (95% CI, 0.977–1.000). In view of significant between-study heterogeneity (I
2 = 74.0% for sensitivity and I
2 = 67.3% for specificity), subgroup analyses were performed. Meta-regression showed significantly higher patient-based summary sensitivity for the three better-quality studies (a total of 1037 patients) with satisfactory index test (counting both hypermetabolism and hypometabolism as positive index test) and satisfactory reference standards (other imaging and clinical follow-up) compared with other included studies [0.735 (95% CI, 0.601–0.836) vs 0.304 (95% CI, 0.223–0.400), P value = 0.000].

Conclusion
Our systematic review and meta-analysis showed that FDG PET has overall limited sensitivity and excellent specificity in the detection of brain metastases from extracranial primary cancers. Importantly, subgroup analyses showed that the sensitivity can be significantly improved by raising awareness of asymmetrical hypometabolism. Further studies are warranted to assess the benefits of including the brain in FDG PET studies for all or certain groups of oncological patients.
Identification of Iatrogenic Perforation in Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: Ledder Oren , Woynarowski Marek , Kamińska Diana , Łazowska-Przeorek Izabella , Pieczarkowski Stanislaw , Romano Claudio , Lev-Tzion Raffi , Holon Magdalena , Nita Andreia , Rybak Anna , Jarocka-Cyrta Elżbieta , Korczowski Bartosz , Czkwianianc Elzbieta , Hojsak Iva , Szaflarska-Popławska Anna , Hauser Bruno , Scheers Isabelle , Sharma Shishu , Oliva Salvatore , Furlano Raoul , Tzivinikos Christos , Liu Quin Y. , Giefer Matthew , Mamula Petar , Grossman Andrew , Kelsen Judith , Edelstein Brian , Antoine Matthieu , Thomson Mike , Homan Matjaž 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Iatrogenic viscus perforation in pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a very rare, yet potentially life-threatening event. There are no evidence-based recommendations relating to immediate post-procedure follow-up to identify perforations and allow for timely management. This study aims to characterize the presentation of children with post-GIE perforation to better rationalize post-procedure recommendations.

Methods:
Retrospective study based on unrestricted pooled data from centers throughout Europe, North America, and the Middle East affiliated with the Endoscopy Special Interest Groups of European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition. Procedural and patient data relating to clinical presentation of the perforation were recorded on standardized REDCap case-report forms.

Results:
Fifty-nine cases of viscus perforation were recorded [median age 6 years (interquartile range 3–13)]; 29 of 59 (49%) occurred following esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 26 of 59 (44%) following ileocolonoscopy, with 2 of 59 (3%) cases each following balloon enteroscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; 28 of 59 (48%) of perforations were identified during the procedure [26/28 (93%) endoscopically, 2/28 (7%) by fluoroscopy], and a further 5 of 59 (9%) identified within 4 hours. Overall 80% of perforations were identified within 12 hours. Among perforations identified subsequent to the procedure 19 of 31 (61%) presented with pain, 16 of 31 (52%) presented with fever, and 10 of 31 (32%) presented with abdominal rigidity or dyspnea; 30 of 59 (51%) were managed surgically, 17 of 59 (29%) managed conservatively, and 9 of 59 (15%) endoscopically; 4 of 59 (7%) patients died, all following esophageal perforation.

Conclusions:
Iatrogenic perforation was identified immediately in over half of cases and in 80% of cases within 12 hours. This novel data can be utilized to generate guiding principles of post-procedural follow-up and monitoring.

PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY
Bowel perforation following pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy is very rare with no evidence to base post-procedure follow-up for high-risk procedures. We found that half were identified immediately with the large majority identified within 12 hours, mostly due to pain and fever.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Ileocolonic Crohn Disease Treated with Infliximab Versus Adalimumab
Authors: Fanous Eliana , Marshanski Tal , Tal Noa , Matar Manar , Weintraub Yael , Shamir Raanan , Shouval Dror S. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Infliximab is considered superior to adalimumab in patients with ulcerative colitis, especially in severe cases. Whether this is true for Crohn disease (CD) patients with colonic involvement is unclear. Our aim was to compare the clinical effectiveness of infliximab versus adalimumab in pediatric ileocolonic (L3) CD.

Methods:
This retrospective study included patients <18 years with ileocolonic CD treated with infliximab or adalimumab between 2014 and 2021. Primary outcome was steroid-free clinical remission by week 52. Secondary outcomes were treatment modifications, drug discontinuation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated hospitalizations, and surgery during the first year of treatment.

Results:
We identified 74 patients treated with adalimumab and 41 with infliximab, with comparable demographic features. Concomitant immunomodulator therapy at biologic initiation was significantly lower in the adalimumab group (28% vs 85%, P < 0.001). Rates of drug intensification were higher in the infliximab group at end of induction (EOI) and at 52 weeks (55% vs 32% and 88% vs 46%, P < 0.001). Given significant differences between initial median Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index scores (20.0 [interquartile range, IQR 15.0–27.5] vs 11.0 [IQR 7.5–20.0] for infliximab and adalimumab groups, respectively, P < 0.001), propensity score matching was performed. Following matching, the rate of patients in steroid-free clinical remission by EOI was significantly higher in the adalimumab group (93.8% vs 46.9%, P < 0.001), but comparable by 1 year. Moreover, inflammatory markers and fecal calprotectin values were also similar at these time points. Rates of drug discontinuation, IBD-associated admissions, and surgery were similar between groups.

Conclusions:
In a retrospective study of patients with ileocolonic CD, adalimumab and infliximab had comparable outcomes by 52 weeks.
Comparison of Pediatric Trauma Scoring Tools That Incorporate Neurological Status for Trauma Team Activation
Authors: Reppucci Marina L. , Cooper Emily , Stevens Jenny , Meier Maxene , Nolan Margo M. , Moulton Steven L. , Bensard Denis D. , Acker Shannon N. 
Published: June 2023

Background
Two novel pediatric trauma scoring tools, SIPAB+ (defined as elevated SIPA with Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8) and rSIG (reverse Shock Index multiplied by Glasgow Coma Scale and defined as abnormal using cutoffs for early outcomes), which combine neurological status with Pediatric Age-Adjusted Shock Index (SIPA), have been shown to predict early trauma outcomes better than SIPA alone. We sought to determine if one more accurately identifies children in need of trauma team activation.

Methods
Patients 1 to 18 years old from the 2014–2018 Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program database were included. Sensitivity and specificity for SIPAB+ and rSIG were calculated for components of pediatric trauma team activation, based on criteria standard definitions.

Results
There were 11,426 patients (1.9%) classified as SIPAB+ and 235,672 (39.0%) as having an abnormal rSIG. SIPAB+ was consistently more specific, with specificities exceeding 98%, but its sensitivity was poor (<30%) for all outcomes. In comparison, rSIG was a more sensitive tool, with sensitivities exceeding 60%, and specificity values exceeded 60% for all outcomes.

Conclusions
Trauma systems must determine their priorities to decide how best to incorporate SIPAB+ and rSIG into practice, although rSIG may be preferred as it balances both sensitivity and specificity.

Level of Evidence
Level III.
Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant): HIV Prevalence and Vulnerabilities Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Postconflict Northern Uganda
Authors: Muyinda Herbert , Jongbloed Kate , Zamar David S. , Malamba Samuel S. , Ogwang Martin D. , Katamba Achilles , Oneka Alex , Atim Stella , Odongpiny Tonny O. , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Schechter Martin T. , Spittal Patricia M. 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Adolescent girls and young women younger than 25 years (AGYW) account for disproportionate HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Impacts of war in Northern Uganda continue to affect HIV-related health and wellbeing of young people postconflict. Prevalence and incidence of HIV infection were estimated, and factors associated with HIV prevalence among sexually active AGYW in Northern Uganda were investigated.

Methods:
Cango Lyec is a cohort involving conflict-affected populations in Northern Uganda. Nine randomly selected communities in Gulu, Nwoya, and Amuru districts were mapped. House-to-house census was conducted. Consenting participants aged 13–49 years were enrolled over 3 study rounds (2011–2015), of whom 533 were AGYW and had ever had sex. Data were collected on trauma, depression, and sociodemographic–behavioral characteristics. Venous blood was taken for HIV and syphilis serology. Multivariable logistic regression determined baseline factors associated with HIV prevalence.

Results:
HIV prevalence among AGYW was 9.7% (95% CI: 7.3 to 12.6). AGYW living in Gulu (adjusted risk ratio, aRR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.12 to 5.51) or Nwoya (aRR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.03 to 6.83) were more likely than in Amuru to be living with HIV. Having self-reported genital ulcers (aRR: 1.93; 95% CI: 0.97 to 3.85) or active syphilis (aRR: 3.79; 95% CI: 2.35 to 6.12) was associated with increased risk of HIV infection. The likelihood of HIV was higher for those who experienced sexual violence in the context of war (aRR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.21 to 4.62) and/or probable depression (aRR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.54). HIV incidence was 8.9 per 1000 person-years.

Conclusion:
Ongoing legacies of war, especially gender violence and trauma, contribute to HIV vulnerability among sexually active AGYW. Wholistic approaches integrating HIV prevention with culturally safe initiatives promoting sexual and mental health in Northern Uganda are essential.
177Lu-DOTATATE Therapy in a Case of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Neuroendocrine Differentiation
Authors: Shu Qiaoqiao , Li Xianjun , Chen Xi , Chen Yue , Cai Liang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
An 84-year-old man with prostate cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation underwent PET/CT for staging. 68Ga–prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/CT did not show significant abnormal tracer accumulation, whereas 18F-OC (18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide) PET/CT showed elevated tracer uptake at multiple sites throughout the body. Therefore, the patient opted to receive 1 cycle of 177Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with a dose of 200 mCi. Encouragingly, radiographic tumor remission and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed after only 1 cycle of treatment.
68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI in a Case of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex With Extrarenal Retroperitoneal Angiomyolipoma
Authors: Dong Aisheng , Yang Bo , Yang Qinqin , Cheng Chao , Zuo Changjing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipomas are rare benign tumors that may mimic other benign or malignant retroperitoneal tumors. We describe 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MRI findings in a case of tuberous sclerosis complex with an extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma and multiple angiomyolipomas involving bilateral kidneys. The extrarenal retroperitoneal angiomyolipoma and most of the renal angiomyolipomas were 68Ga-FAPI-04–avid. One left renal angiomyolipoma with extensive hemorrhage and fibrosis had no significant 68Ga-FAPI-04 uptake. Angiomyolipoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of FAPI-avid renal or extrarenal retroperitoneal lesions.
kmindex and ORA: indexing and real-time user-friendly queries in terabyte-sized complex genomic datasets
Authors: Lemane Téo , Lezzoche Nolan , Lecubin Julien , Pelletier Eric , Lescot Magali , Chikhi Rayan , Peterlongo Pierre 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPublic sequencing databases contain vast amounts of biological information, yet they are largely underutilized as one cannot efficiently search them for any sequence(s) of interest. We presentkmindex, an innovative approach that can index thousands of highly complex metagenomes and perform sequence searches in a fraction of a second. The index construction is an order of magnitude faster than previous methods, while search times are two orders of magnitude faster. With negligible false positive rates below 0.01%,kmindexoutperforms the precision of existing approaches by four orders of magnitude. We demonstrate the scalability ofkmindexby successfully indexing 1,393 complex marine seawater metagenome samples from theTaraOceans project. Additionally, we introduce the publicly accessible web server “Ocean Read Atlas” (ORA) athttps://ocean-read-atlas.mio.osupytheas.fr/, which enables real-time queries on theTaraOceans dataset. The open-sourcekmindexsoftware is available athttps://github.com/tlemane/kmindex.
Growth dynamics and genetic variation in attached and free-living populations of the filamentous brown seaweed,Pilayella littoralis
Authors: Miller Steven L. , Wilce Robert T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe used common garden growth experiments to study genetic variation among geographic isolates (Greenland, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, USA) of the filamentous brown seaweedPilayella littoralis,including the free-living form unique to Nahant Bay, Massachusetts. Ecotypic variation for temperature growth maximum was demonstrated for a west Greenland isolate (10° Cversus15° C for other attached isolates) and between Nahant Bay attached (narrower phenotypic plasticity) and free-living forms (broader phenotypic plasticity) of the species. Morphological and reproductive characteristics of attached and free-living isolates remained distinctive under identical culture conditions after four years. The attached forms were characteristically cabled, twisted, and clumped; unilocular reproductive cells were common and plurilocular reproductive cells were present. The free-living form was characteristically loosely branched and ball-like; only vegetative reproduction occurred, with a few unilocular reproductive cells observed in one experiment. Free-living and attached isolates cultured using no water movement and turbulent conditions to mimic surf and surge conditions did not develop forms that resembled each other after eight months. We additionally used starch gel electrophoresis to study genetic variability in attached and free-living forms ofP. littoralisfrom Nahant Bay. Free-living and attached populations were not different at the isozyme level because a limited number of isozymes were resolved (six out of 39 enzymes tested). One isozyme (PGI) was polymorphic, with two alleles present. The two alleles shared in the attached and free-living populations suggest that the free-living form is not one large identical clone. For attached and free-livingP. littoralis,both transplant and growth studies in the laboratory provide convincing evidence of ecotypic differentiation.
Formation of amyloid fibrils by the regulatory 14-3-3ζ protein
Authors: Šulskis Darius , Žiaunys Mantas , Sakalauskas Andrius , Smirnovas Vytautas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe 14-3-3 is a highly conserved adaptor protein family with multi-layer functions, abundantly expressed in the brain. The 14-3-3 proteins modulate phosphorylation, regulate enzymatic activity and can act as chaperones. Most importantly, they play an important role in various neurodegenerative disorders due to their vast interaction partners. Particularly, the 14-3-3ξ isoform is known to co-localize in aggregation tangles in both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases as a result of protein-protein interactions. These abnormal clumps consist of amyloid fibrils – insoluble aggregates, mainly formed by amyloid-β, tau and α-synuclein proteins. However, the molecular basis of if and how 14-3-3ξ can aggregate into amyloid fibrils is unknown. In this study, we describe the formation of amyloid fibrils by 14-3-3ξ utilizing a comprehensive approach that combines bioinformatic tools, amyloid-specific dye binding, secondary structure analysis and atomic force microscopy. The results presented herein characterize the amyloidogenic properties of 14-3-3ξ and imply that the well-folded protein undergoes aggregation to β-sheet-rich amyloid fibrils.
Variation in thermal sensitivity of diapause development among individuals and over time predicts life history timing in a univoltine insect
Authors: Toxopeus Jantina , Dowle Edwina J. , Andaloori Lalitya , Ragland Gregory J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhysiological time is important for understanding the development and seasonal timing of ectothermic animals, but has largely been applied to developmental processes that occur during spring and summer such as morphogenesis. There is a substantial knowledge gap in the relationship between temperature and development during winter, a season that is increasingly impacted by climate change. Most temperate insects overwinter in diapause, a developmental process with little obvious morphological change. We used principles from the physiological time literature to measure and model the thermal sensitivity of diapause development rate in the apple maggot flyRhagoletis pomonella, a univoltine fly whose diapause duration varies substantially within and among populations. We show that diapause duration can be predicted by modeling a relationship between temperature and development rate that is shifted towards lower temperatures compared to typical models of morphogenic, non-diapause development. However, incorporating interindividual variation and ontogenetic variation in the temperature-to-development-rate relationship was critical for accurately predicting fly emergence, as diapause development proceeded more quickly at high temperatures later in diapause. We conclude that the conceptual framework may be flexibly applied to other insects and discuss possible mechanisms of diapause timers and implications for phenology with warming winters.
Back to normal? The health care situation of home care receivers across Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic and its implications on health
Authors: Bergmann Michael , Wagner Melanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic began impacting Europe in early 2020, posing significant challenges for individuals requiring care. This group is particularly susceptible to severe COVID-19 infections and depends on regular health care services. In this article, we examine the situation of European care recipients aged 50 years and older 18 months after the pandemic outbreak and compare it to the initial phase of the pandemic.In the descriptive section, we illustrate the development of (unmet) care needs and access to health care throughout the pandemic. Additionally, we explore regional variations in health care receipt across Europe. In the analytical section, we shed light on the mid- and long-term health consequences of COVID-19-related restrictions on accessing health care services by making comparisons between care recipients and individuals without care needs.We conducted an analysis using data from the representative Corona Surveys of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Our study examines changes in approximately 3,400 care-dependent older Europeans (aged 50+) interviewed in 2020 and 2021, comparing them with more than 45,000 respondents not receiving care. The dataset provides a cross-national perspective on care recipients across 27 European countries and Israel.Our findings reveal that in 2021, compared to the previous year, difficulties in obtaining personal care from someone outside the household were significantly reduced in Western and Southern European countries. Access to health care services improved over the course of the pandemic, particularly with respect to medical treatments and appointments that had been canceled by health care institutions. However, even 18 months after the COVID-19 outbreak, a considerable number of treatments had been postponed either by respondents themselves or by health care institutions. These delayed medical treatments had adverse effects on the physical and mental health of both care receivers and individuals who did not rely on care.
Auditory steady-state responses: multiplexed amplitude modulation frequencies to reduce recording time
Authors: Sonck Rien , Vanthornhout Jonas , Bonin Estelle , Francart Tom 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the efficiency of a multiplexed amplitude-modulated (AM) stimulus in eliciting auditory steady-state responses (ASSR). The multiplexed AM stimulus was created by simultaneously modulating speech-shaped noise with three frequencies chosen to elicit different neural generators: 3.1, 40.1, and 102.1 Hz. For comparison, a single AM stimulus was created for each of these frequencies, resulting in three single AM conditions and one multiplex AM condition.DesignTwenty-two bilaterally normal-hearing participants (18 female) listened for 8 minutes to each type of stimuli. The analysis compared the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and amplitudes of the evoked responses to the single and multiplexed conditions.ResultsThe results revealed that the SNRs elicited by single AM conditions were, on average, 1.61 dB higher than those evoked by the multiplexed AM condition (p < 0.05). The single conditions consistently produced a significantly higher SNR when examining various stimulus durations ranging from 1 to 8 minutes. Despite these SNR differences, the frequency spectrum was very similar across and within subjects. Additionally, the sensor space patterns across the scalp demonstrated similar trends between the single and multiplexed stimuli for both SNR and amplitudes. Both the single and multiplexed conditions evoked significant ASSRs within subjects. On average, the multiplexed AM stimulus took 31 minutes for the lower bound of the 95% prediction interval to cross the significance threshold across all three frequencies. In contrast, the single AM stimuli took 45 minutes and 42 seconds.ConclusionThese findings show that the multiplexed AM stimulus is a promising method to reduce the recording time when simultaneously obtaining information from various neural generators.