bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolutionary Journey of Completion Tubing to 100% Non-Metallic Composite Material
Authors: Khalifah Moahmmed A. , Duthie Laurie S. , Sukkar Luai A. , Mulhim Khalifa K. , Yaanallah Hassan H. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Non-metallic tubing manufactured from fiberglass have been around for decades, and for good reason with multiple physical advantages over carbon steel tubing. However, this has also came with certain physical constraints such as the type of tubing connections and material brittleness with resultant low-pressure ratings. This has restricted a more widespread use of the material, particularly for downhole applications. In recent years, extensive research and development has evolved to manufacture 100% non-metallic composite tubulars with increased mechanical strength combined with high performance machined threads.
The development of non-metallic composite tubulars have been in progress for many years, obstacles to the manufacturing process to deliver a material that was suitable for downhole conditions were numerous. The fully non-metallic fiberglass tubular is manufactured with aromatic amine cured epoxy resin, which not only provides the required strength but also an effective resistance to the harsh downhole conditions. Deep water supply wells that provide water injection are ideal candidates for this technology. The material is corrosion resistant, lightweight, zero maintenance, extremely durable with a superior hydraulic performance over carbon steel.
The challenges of using carbon steel tubulars in harsh water environments are well known, and can lead to premature failure of the completion. Such failure can result in flow circulation across the electrical submersible pump (ESP) eventually leading to pump failure due to excessive heat in the motor. Fiberglass lined carbon steel protects the inner part of the tubing but still leaves the external side exposed to the harsh environment. The next step in the evolution for tubulars exposed to harsh conditions is 100% non-metallic manufactured tubulars. A custom designed resin system and manufacturing process with precise winding angle patterns delivered this high strength and chemically stable product. These properties allow for a maximum running depth of 12,000 ft, a maximum working pressure of 2500 psi and an expected life expectancy in the 10's of years. The tubing joints have API specification composite machined threads and are made up similar to traditional carbon steel tubing but requiring less torque.
The successful deployment of 100% non-metallic composite tubulars in ESP powered water supply wells is another step towards increased utilization of this technology. A review has been completed of the manufacturing process, flow assurance, design integrity improvements and economic analysis of the 100% non-metallic fiberglass tubular. This completion design ensures well integrity & prolongs the lifetime of the assets and is in-line with the adoption of circular economy practices, simultaneously providing cost effective solutions and ensuring continuous improvement.
Advancements in H2S Scavenger Technology
Authors: Liu Zhengwei , Lehrer Scott , Jani Jagrut , Soos Laszlo 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Presence of H2S in oilfield systems adds to many operational difficulties such as safety, compliance, environmental, and corrosion. Treatment and handling of sour production greatly increases overall well operational costs. Triazine based chemistries are often applied to eliminate H2S from the system. Three major applications where H2S scavengers are applied are produced gas, mixed production, and separated oil. Use of triazine to treat H2S has many drawbacks such as the formation of insoluble solids, which has resulted in the shutdown of gas contact towers. Triazine often exhibit low efficiency and kinetics in mixed production applications and have caused scaling by considerably raising the brine pH. Triazines are normally successful in removing H2S from oil, however large concentrations of these aqueous-based scavengers can have a considerable impact on BS&W, potentially resulting in out-of-spec oil. Triazines that partition into desalted oil can also cause downstream corrosion problems in refineries by producing corrosive hydrochloride salts in crude towers. As a result, several refineries have downgraded or banned crude containing triazines.
This paper describes recent development to create new scavenger technologies that helps enable efficient scavenging while eliminating or greatly decreasing issues associated with present scavenger technology. Rather than a universal H2S scavenger with potential performance sacrifices, the strategy followed was to build scavengers that were a best fit for each application. Understanding the application environment and selecting the best scavenger chemistry for the job can result in considerable CAPEX and OPEX savings, increased productivity, improved dependability, and safer H2S management.
Bit Performance Measurement Approach. An Innovative Way to Improve Bit Selection Process
Authors: Contreras Otalvora William , Al Alsayed Nassir Alawi , Alshehry Abdullah , Ali Abdullah 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bit selection is one of the critical decisions that has traditionally been the responsibilities of Drilling Engineers based on the offset wells’ historical experiences to the planned well. This approach has limitations on the depth of the analysis, which could produce inaccurate or not-representative results. This paper will present a comprehensive, improved and optimized process along with fully automated software application for bit selection, generating reachable and more consistent outcomes and goals.
The first step was the standardization of KPI calculations, which included cost per foot, rate of penetration, and footage. This is critical to help streamline and normalize KPI calculation methods across all varieties of operation types and service providers within the drilling activities. This was followed by a complex and detailed statistical analysis including the analysis of all related drilling runs that are repeatable and achievable. The statistical analysis is based on an extensive number of drilling parameters/observations for each drilling run including drilling systems, geological formations, mud attributes, WOB, rig types, service providers, encountered drilling troubles and many other critical parameters, which impact the overall performance of the bit.
Secondary analysis provides a way to measure the consistency of the performance of any specific bit. This is to avoid the use of bits that do not show a consistent performance on similar applications. The implementation of this methodology has been transformed into a web-based solution for ease of access and use.
By using this web-based solution, Drilling Engineers have significantly improved the drilling performance of the wells and reduced the cost per foot. In addition, the application enables the benchmarking of newly designed bits with legacy best performance bit runs under any defined condition. This feature is vital to help increase competition and eliminate single source applications where applicable.
Accurate Horizontal Flow Profile Determination for an Optimized ICD Design Using an Electrical Line Enabled Coiled Tubing Conveyance for a Field in Kuwait
Authors: Al-Dhafiri Saad , Al-Mutawa Mohammed , Sulaiman Ali , Sanyal Sayantan , Al-Mutairi Fawaz , Al-Dwaish Majed , Al-Anezi Talal , Ayyad Hazim , Mehraj Majid , Slama Hedi , Badrawy Kareem , Al-Mutairi Fajhan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To design accurate inflow control device (ICD) completions in high water cut wells, it is critical to have a thorough understanding of the downhole flow profile and zonal phase contribution across the zone of interest. The situation becomes more complex when dealing with an open hole horizontal section with complex trajectory, where the presence of stagnant water sumps and oil humps is common and can lead to in-accurate determination of water and oil entry zones.
Production logging tools typically deployed in such environments will require to have their data quality checked, as the well conditions can either leave the spinners clogged or the holdup probes sticky with downhole debris or emulsion. Production logging tools will also need to reach the deepest point within the lateral section to ensure complete coverage of the potential flow area across the open hole section.
Electrical line enabled coiled tubing (CT) technology was considered to overcome the conveyance challenges to deploy these production logging tool. The selected rugged design of the coil-to-wireline interface increased the reliability and the safety of the intervention.
In this paper, a case study will be presented detailing how careful operational planning, integration between the conveyance method and the production logging tool resulted in the detailed and accurate downhole flow profile, which was then utilized in the ICD design for this well.
Plasma metabolomics supports non-fasted sampling for early detection of impaired glucose tolerance in the Nile rat model of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Toh Huishi , Anderson Benton , Curtis Anne , Jen Annie , Thomson James , Clegg Dennis , Jiang Peng , Coon Joshua , Overmyer Katherine 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a challenge in modern healthcare, and animal models are necessary to identify underlying mechanisms, where we can achieve much better environmental control than what is practical in human studies. The Nile rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) develops diet-induced diabetes rapidly on a conventional rodent chow diet without genetic or chemical manipulation. Unlike common laboratory models, the outbred Nile rat model is diurnal and can progress to advanced diabetic complications, better mimicking the human condition. Some human studies indicate that compared to fasting glucose, post-prandial blood glucose is more sensitive to the initial stages of diabetes, suggesting that we should capture the non-fasted state to study early diabetes. However, it is unknown if ad libitum feeding in the Nile rats leads to increased variance thus masking diabetes-related metabolic changes in the plasma. In this study, we compared the repeatability within triplicate non-fasted or fasted plasma samples and assessed prediction of impaired glucose tolerance in fasted and non-fasted plasma. We used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry lipidomics and polar metabolomics to measure relative metabolite abundances in the plasma samples. Metabolite measurements in non-fasted plasma were less variable than measurements in fasted plasma. We detected 66 metabolites in non-fasted plasma associated with glucose tolerance in elastic net and individual metabolite linear regression models. Low metabolite replicate variance was reproduced in a cohort of mature 30-week male and female Nile rats. Our results support using non-fasted plasma metabolomics for early detection of impaired glucose tolerance in Nile rats.
Pathways to clean energy transition in Indonesia's electricity sector with OSeMOSYS modelling (Open-Source Energy Modelling System)
Authors: Paiboonsin Pusanisa , Oluleye Gbemi , Yeganyan Rudolf , Tan Naomi , Cannone Carla , Howells Mark 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Responding to the Paris agreement and climate change mitigation, Indonesia aims to reach Net Zero by 2060 or sooner. Due to Indonesia's dependence on coal and growing consumption, alternative sources of clean energy are imperative for meeting its rising energy needs and reducing energy-related greenhouse gas emissions to achieve the energy transition. This project aims to examine Indonesia's challenges, opportunities and potential to achieve low carbon ambition in the energy sector and identify alternative pathways for the energy transition in Indonesia. Cost-effective scenarios are developed by the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS), providing comprehensive data analysis. OSeMOSYS is a least-cost model that enables long-term energy system modelling and its related intensive analysis. Indonesia energy data and OSeMOSYS input are obtained from an Indonesia starter data kit. In this study, a comparison of electricity generation, technology, investment, and carbon dioxide emissions is made between business-as-usual scenarios and model scenarios. The results show that NZ50 scenario is more cost-effective than others in meeting Indonesia's future energy demand at the lowest implementation cost. Although NZ50 and NZ60 are possible ways to reach carbon neutrality, NZ50 emits fewer CO2 emissions at a similar cost to NZ60. This paper's insights emphasise that large-scale renewable energy deployment and coal retirement are critical pathways to reaching carbon neutrality and achieving the energy mix transition.
Dynamic changes in the hippocampal memory index and biochemical indices in Sprague Dawley rats exposed to intrauterine kola nut
Authors: Atiba Foluso Ayobami , Nkomozepi Pilani , Mbajiorgu Felix E. , Ihunwo Amadi O. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Kola nut is commonly consumed by pregnant women to suppress symptoms of morning sickness. This study investigated the effects of kola nut on the biochemical indices of the hippocampus and its dependent memory.
Kola nut extract was fed to pregnant dams from the first day of their pregnancy until parturition. The following behavioral function tests were conducted: surface righting (SR); cliff avoidance (post-natal day [PND] 4, 5, 6 & 7); open field; novel object recognition and location; and radial-arm maze (PND 21 and 56). The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetylcholine (ACh), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the matched hippocampal tissues were also checked in the pups.
The kola nut-treated pups showed significantly reduced behavioral indices compared to the pups in the control group: lower postural balance, higher risk avoidance memory, and lower frequency in pivoting and rearing compared to that in the control group. However, the frequency of urine and fecal bolus was significantly lower in the pups in the control group than that in the treated pups. The discrimination ratio of the control group pups in novel object recognition (NOR) and novel object location (NOL) was significantly higher than that in the treated pups, and the time taken by the treated pups to complete RAM was significantly higher. The levels of ACh and BDNF in the treated pups were increased compared to that in control pups. A positive correlation was found between MDA and SR (r = 0.7207; p = 0.0437), grooming (r = 0.7707; p = 0.0252), and fecal bolus (r = 0.7606; p = 0.0284), as well with the BDNF level in those treated with grooming (r = 0.7570; p = 0.0297). However, negative correlations between ACh and rearing (r = -0.8261; p = 0.0115) and fecal bolus (r = -0.8066; p = 0.0156) and a positive correlation with NOL (r = 0.8358; p = 0.0098) were observed.
Based on these observations, the study concluded that Kola nut affects both biochemical and hippocampal memory profiles.
Engineered skin microbiome-assisted delivery to the pilosebaceous unit
Authors: Knödlseder Nastassia , Fernández María-José Fábrega , Santos-Moreno Javier , Manils Joan , Toloza Lorena , Marin Maria , Fernandez Cristina , Broadbent Katrina , Maruotti Julien , Lemenager Helene , Carolis Carlo , Zouboulis Christos , Soler Concepció , Lood Rolf , Brüggemann Holger , Güell Marc 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Microbes are fascinating molecular machines which can be equipped with synthetic genetic programs that allow them to produce therapeutic molecules targeted on demand upon disease sensing. Cutibacterium acnes engraftment capacity and living habitat close to important pharmacological targets makes it an attractive chassis to create skin living therapeutics. Here, we report the engineering of this bacterium, the most abundant commensal of the human skin, to produce and secrete the therapeutic molecule neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin thereby modulating sebum production.
Participatory Methods Used In The Evaluation Of Medical Devices: A Comparison Of Focus groups, Interviews, And A Survey
Authors: Woudstra Kas , Tummers Marcia , Klijn Catharina JM , Sondag Lotte , Schreuder Floris , Reuzel Rob , Rovers Maroeska 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Stakeholder engagement in evaluation of medical devices is crucial for aligning devices with stakeholders’ views, needs, and values. Methods for these engagements have however not been compared to analyse their relative merits for medical device evaluation. Therefore, we systematically compared these three methods in terms of themes, interaction, and time-investment.
Methods
We compared focus groups, interviews and an online survey in a case-study on minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery for patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. The focus groups and interviews featured two rounds, one explorative focussing on individual perspectives, and one interactive focussing on the exchange of perspectives between participants. The comparison between methods was made in terms of number and content of themes, how participants interact, and hours invested by all researchers.
Results
The focus groups generated 34 themes, the interviews 58, and the survey 42. Various improvements for the assessment of the surgical procedure were only discussed in the interviews. In focus groups, participants were inclined to emphasise agreement and support, whereas the interviews consisted of questions and answers. The total time investment for researchers of focus groups was 95 hours, of interviews 315 hours, and survey 81 hours.
Conclusions
Interviewing is the most appropriate method for understanding stakeholder views, since interviews provide a scope and depth of information that is not generated by other methods. Focus groups are useful to rapidly bring views together. Surveys enable a quick exploration. Researchers should account for these methodological differences and select the method that is suitable for their research aim.
Returning-to-work after mental health-associated sick leave: A qualitative interview study exploring the experiences of general practitioners in Germany
Authors: Geipel Martina , Hamann Johannes 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and Aim: Psychiatric disorders are increasingly commonly globally. Especially when these disorders affect working people, this places a financial burden on society due to long-term sick leave, the incapacity to work and the inability to earn and pay taxes. General practitioners (GPs) are often the first health professionals to be consulted by those suffering from mental health disorders.
This study investigated the experiences of GPs regarding their patients with mental health disorders and identified factors that are important for a successful return to work.
Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore the opinions of GPs (n = 12) working in Munich, Germany, or its metropolitan area. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the reflexive thematic analysis method as described by Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke.
Results: GPs think of themselves as important parts of the rehabilitation process of patients with mental health disorders. In their daily routine, they face many obstacles to ensure the best treatment and outcome for their patients. They also suffer from poor collaboration with other stakeholders, such as psychiatric hospitals, therapists or employers.
They indicated that the mental health disorder of each patient is unique, including the barriers to and possibilities of a successful return to work. Additionally, the workplace appears to play a crucial role in the success rate of re-entry into work. It can exacerbate the mental health disorders or aid in their treatment. Fear, shame and stigmatization of the patients are personal factors responsible for prolonged sick leave.
Conclusion: We conclude that GPs believe that they can have a major impact on the rehabilitation of patients with mental health disorders. As such, special focus should be placed on supporting them in this context..
Pulsed electric field treatment of seeds modulates the endophytic bacterial community and promotes early growth of roots in buckwheat
Authors: Qu Hao , Wang Yi , Wang Baijuan , Li Chengyun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Endophytic bacteria provide nutrients and stimulate systemic resistance during seed germination and plant growth and development, and their functional properties in combating various stresses make them a powerful tool in green agricultural production. In this paper we explored the function of the endophyte community in buckwheat seeds in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application and scientific research of endophytes in buckwheat cultivation. We used pulsed electric field (PEF) technology to treat buckwheat seeds, monitored the effect of high-voltage pulse treatment on buckwheat seed germination, and analyzed the diversity of endophytic bacteria in buckwheat seeds using the amplicon sequencing method.
Results
PEF treatment promoted root development during buckwheat seed germination. A total of 350 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were obtained from seed samples by 16SrRNA amplicon sequencing technology that comprised 10 phyla, 21 classes, 49 orders, 81 families and 103 genera. Additionally, PEF treatment also caused a significant decrease in the abundance of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The abundance of 28 genera changed significantly as well: 11 genera were more abundant, and 17 were less abundant. The number of associated network edges was reduced from 980 to 117, the number of positive correlations decreased by 89.1%, and the number of negative correlations decreased by 86.6%.
Conclusion
We found that PEF treatment promoted early root development in buckwheat and was able to alter the seed endophytic bacterial community. The increased abundance of Methylobacter, Micrococcus, Nocardia, and Sphingomonas in the buckwheat seeds had a positive effect on seed germination.
A light weight authentication protocol for a blockchain-based off-chain medical data access in multi-server environment
Authors: Barman Subhas , Chattopadhyay Samiran , Samanta Debasis 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Presently, blockchain technology is used to secure electronic medical records (EMR) and an arrangement of multiple servers as off-chain storage is advocated to minimize the storage overhead of the medical blockchain. Therefore, authorized access to the medical records stored in multiple servers, needs a secure multi-server-based authentication system. However, existing blockchain-based systems for medical data storage do not consider an authentication system for a multi-server environment between patients and multiple medical servers. In this paper, a blockchain of patients' healthcare data using off-chain storage is considered to ensure scalability of the blockchain. The blockchain contains the hash value of the medical data while multiple servers are used as off-chain storage for storing the original data. A patient can access those servers in a single enrollment under a multi-server authentication system and can share his/her health data with an authorized care provider. Formal as well as informal security analysis is used to check the security of the proposed protocol. The formal security analysis like AVISPA tool is used to check the replay attacks and the BAN logic is applied to check the mutual authentication of the proposed protocol. At the same time, a rigorous informal security analysis confirms that our scheme is secured against various known attacks. We have compared our scheme with recent research with respect to security functionality, computation cost, and communication cost.