bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Azotobacter chroococcum’s Ability to Produce Hydrolytic Enzymes and Enhance Growth of Vicia faba
Authors: Alsalim Hutaf A. A 
Published: May 2023

A. chroococcum isolate was examined for its ability to produce the hydrolytic enzymes chitinase, pectinase, protease, and lipase, in an effort to enhance the growth of fava bean (Vicia faba). Biological experiment was conducted in pots with complete random design (CRD). The experiment includes three treatments: control (plant without treatment) (P), NPK fertilizer (plant + fertilizer) (PF), and A. chroococcum inoculum (plant + A. chroococcum) (PA). These treatments were performed with sterile and non-sterile soil, which were planted with fava beans. At the end of experiment (seven weeks from planting), length and weight of plant shoot and plant root were calculated. The results show that the isolate was able to produce chitinase, pectinase, protease, and lipase enzymes. Plant growth increased with fertilizer and A. chroococcum inoculum addition. Fertilizer treatments (PF) were the best growth indicators, with the averages of shoot length and weight, and root length and weight of 19.52 cm, 15.55 gm, 19.93 cm, and 10.52 gm respectively. The averages of these indicators in A. chroococcum treatment (PA) were 16.4 cm, 8.85 gm, 17.52 cm, and 6.88 gm respectively. The percentages of increase caused by A. chroococcum inoculum addition (PA) in contrast with control treatment (P) were 12.83% and 34.4% in plant shoot length and weight respectively, and 60.98% and 38.99% in plant root length and weight. In general, growth indicators were higher in non-sterile than sterile soil, but these increases were not significant
Determination of Nicotine Extracted from Eggplant and Green Pepper by HPLC
Authors: Mohammed Zeinab Hashim 
Published: May 2023

Nicotine was separated from eggplant and green pepper seeds (Solanaceous) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The concentration of nicotine in the eggplant extract (0.871-0.877 μg/ml) was determined by injecting standard material with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml, while the concentrations of nicotine in green pepper extract (0.613-0.618 μg/ml) was determined when the standard material was injected with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml. The qualitative chemical data was calculated from derivations of the standard material. Nicotine concentration was measured qualitatively in both extracts through the calibration curve and method of the standard addition. This technique has high accuracy and compatibility, bringing the proportion of relative recovery percentage of nicotine extracted from eggplant seeds to 95.880-103.104% and relative error of -4.119-3.104%. Relative recovery percentage of nicotine extracted from green pepper seeds was 97.284 -103.518 % and relative error was -2.716-3.518%.
Comparison of sedation efficacy and safety between dexmedetomidine and propofol during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: A prospective, randomized, single-blinded trial
Authors: Zhang Wenyou , Wang Liangrong , Zhu Na , Wu Wenzhi , Liu Haiyan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

What is known and objective:Propofol-balanced sedation is widely used in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, but sedation-related adverse events (SRAEs) commonly occur. The combination of dexmedetomidine with opioids and benzodiazepines has provided effective sedation with a superlative degree of safety during different clinical scenarios. The aim of this study was to compare the sedation efficacy and safety between dexmedetomidine and propofol with a balanced administration of opioids and benzodiazepines during ERCP procedures.Methods:Forty-one patients were randomly divided into two groups, the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group and the propofol (PRO) group. As a premedication, all participants received an intravenous bolus dose of 0.02 mg·kg-1midazolam and 0.2 μg·kg-1sufentanil. Patients in the DEX group received an additional bolus of 0.6 μg·kg-1dexmedetomidine over 2 min followed by a dexmedetomidine infusion at 1.2 μg·kg-1·h-1, whereas the PRO group received 1–2 mg·kg-1propofol bolus over 30 s followed by a propofol infusion at 2–3 mg·kg-1·h-1. The primary outcome was the incidence of hypoxemia (SpO2< 90% for > 10 s) during ERCP.Results:All patients achieved the targeted sedation level on the Ramsay Sedation Scale ³ 4. When compared with the PRO group, the incidence of hypoxemia was significantly reduced in the DEX group. Respiratory depression (respiratory rate of < 10 bpm·min-1) was more frequently observed among PRO patients than DEX patients. During the procedures, endoscopists’ and patients’ satisfaction scores were comparable between groups, as were patients’ pain and amnesia scores.What is new and conclusion:Dexmedetomidine provided satisfactory sedation safety with no downstream effects on sedation efficacy when performing ERCP in comparison with propofol in combination with opioids and benzodiazepines.
Prenatal DEHP exposure induces lifelong testicular toxicity by continuously interfering with steroidogenic gene expression
Authors: Qigen Xie , Haiming Cao , Hanchao Liu , Kai Xia , Yong Gao , Zhe Xu , Chunhua Deng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Epidemiologic studiessuggested the association between prenatal Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and disorders of sex development (DSD), adult male disorders, and reproductive aging. However, the evidence is still weak, and the underlying mechanism hasn’t been revealed. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is the main bioactive metabolite of DEHP. Inhibiting testosterone synthesis by interfering with steroidogenic gene expression induces testicular toxicity. So prenatal DEHP exposure may induce lifelong testicular toxicity by continuously interfering with steroidogenic gene expression. In this study, male mice underwent different doses (0, 100, 500, 1000mg/kg) of prenatal DEHP exposure, the testicular toxicity (genital development, testosterone, semen quality, and morphology of testis tissue) in the neonatal, post-puberal and middle-aged stages was observed, and the steroidogenic gene (Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, and Hsd3b2) expression was analyzed by qPCR and WB. We also explored the interference of steroidogenic gene expression in TM3 Leydig cells after MEHP exposure. As a result, prenatal DEHP exposure induced lifelong testicular toxicity including instant testicular injury, DSD, and reproductive aging. The male mice with prenatal exposure manifested as poor genital development and reduced testosterone synthesis, poor semen quality, and phylogeneticseminiferous tubules, especially in the high dose (1000mg/kg). Prenatal DEHP exposure continuously interfered with steroidogenic gene expression. MEHP reduced testosterone synthesis of TM3 Leydig cells by interfering with steroidogenic gene expression. In conclusion, prenatal DEHP exposure induces lifelong testicular toxicity by continuously interfering with steroidogenic gene expression, thus indicating the association between prenatal exposure and DSD, adult male disorders, and reproductive aging.
Environmental Implication
DEHP, a widely applied plasticizer, is easily contacted by pregnant women and causes prenatal exposure of male offspring. Epidemiologic and animal studies indicate that prenatal DEHP exposure is associated with male genital malformation, as well as adult male disorders (infertility, low testosterone). Our study explores the lifelong testicular toxicity in male mice and the key role of interfering with steroidogenic gene expression on testicular toxicity following prenatal DEHP exposure. As a result, prenatal DEHP exposure induced lifelong testicular toxicity including instant testicular injury, DSD, and reproductive aging by continuously interfering with steroidogenic gene expression.
Effect of sublethals concentrations of Glyphosate-based herbicides (Roundup Active®) on skin of the tropical frog (Dendropsophus molitor)
Authors: López-Flórez Catalina , Ruíz Monica Andrea Ortíz , Gómez-Ramírez Edwin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

In Colombia, glyphosate (GP) is used to control weeds, with Roundup Active® being the most widely used. This use has affected aquatic ecosystems, causing malformations in amphibians. The Savannah frog (D. molitor) is a tropical frog inhabiting the mountain of Colombia. In the present study, we determined the effect of sublethal concentrations of GP (Roundup Active®) on the skin of D. molitor. 24 tadpoles were exposed to concentrations of GP (T1: 0, T2: 1.4, T3: 3.6, and T4: 5.6 a.e mg/L) during 31 days. In 10 individuals per treatment, two skin regions were evaluated: dorsal cranial and caudal ventral to determine histopathological alterations. Morphometric analysis of the layers of the skin was performed: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis-muscular. T1 did not present histopathological alterations. Since T2 was identified glandular cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, increased melanophores and melanin accumulations in the highest concentrations of GP. The ultrastructure revealed an increase in excretory glands in the dermis. In the other layers, an increase of melanophores and melanocyte clusters was observed accompanied by vacuolization of basal cells. The morphometry, showed an increase in the thickness of the dermis in the dorso-cranial region in T2 compared to the other treatments, while the ventral caudal region exhibited a variation in the thickness of the dermis from T2 and a decrease in T4. Despite evaluating sublethal concentrations, the skin of D. molitor tadpoles presents histopathological, ultrastructural, and morphometric alterations that could affect the survival of the species in the natural environment.
Psychological Experiences and Travel Adversities: A Mixed-Method Study of the Regular Commuters in Traffic Congestion.
Authors: Liya Maria , Rajan Santhosh , Kenath Arun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The study investigated the psychological experiences of regular commuters in traffic congestion using a two-phase sequential exploratory mixed design. Phase-1 explored the psychological experiences of a sample of ten (4 women & 6 men) regular commuters of Bangalore’s congested roads using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed that negative affect elicited due to travel adversities in congestion could narrow the thought-action repertoire in the commuters causing a fight-or-flight response. The fight responses could lead to negative road occurrences, intensifying traffic congestion, and travel adversities, thus creating a vicious cycle. Phase-2 statistically validated the vicious cycle, using structural equation modelling, in a sample of 190 (87 women & 103 men) commuters. The model confirmed the probability of the vicious cycle. Based on the model, we developed a mathematical model that could be used to test the non-linear relationship between the components of the vicious cycle.
An analytic hierarchy process method weighted by an improved Random Forest model considering sample optimization selection for the evaluation of landslide susceptibility
Authors: Zhang Xuedong , Xie Haoyun , Xu Zidong , Li Zhaowen , Chen Bo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Landslides often cause great losses to people, so it is important to know the extent of landslide damage to reduce the impact of disasters. Although many scholars have conducted on landslide disaster susceptibility, there are still some issues, such as an unreasonable negative sample selection strategy and an absence of subjective environmental information of the study area in a single machine learning evaluation model. Therefore, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method weighted by an improved Random Forest (RF) model is proposed for evaluating landslide susceptibility based on sample optimization. On the basis of density analysis of landslide data, this method employs the specific factor method (CF) to generate negative sample data. The improved RF model based on adaptive boosting (ADB_RF) is proposed to obtain objective weights, which are then combined with the subjective weights obtained by AHP. Meanwhile, a case study of the evaluation of landslide disasters is conducted in the Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan Province in China. The results show: (1) The landslide susceptibility evaluation method proposed in this study can objectively reflect the area prone to landslides with high accuracy and effectiveness. (2) The area under the line of the CF-combination model reached 96.1%, indicating a high degree of accuracy. (3) In the northwest of Chuxiong Prefecture, there are a greater number of extremely high-risk areas than in the southeast, the possibility of another landslide disaster is high, which needs to be focused. The research findings have significant reference value for preventing disasters and mitigating losses.
Efficacy of preemptive analgesia with amantadine in the control of postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy
Authors: Guedes Paula Elisa Brandão , Niella Raquel , Pinto Taísa Miranda , Corrêa Janaína Maria Xavier , Anjos Carolina Moreira dos , de Oliveira Jéssica Natália Silva , de Souza Sophia Saraiva , Silva Elisângela Barboza da , de Lavor Mário Sérgio Lima 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Amantadine is effective in the treatment of nervous system disorders as it blocks NMDA receptors, showing potential as an analgesic agent by inhibiting central sensitization. The aim was to evaluate the preemptive effect of amantadine on postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy and its influence on the physiological parameters of the treated animals. For this purpose, 20 healthy domestic cats, were divided into two sample groups with 10 animals each and referred for ovariohysterectomy. In the control group (CG) the cats orally received placebo capsules 30 minutes before the standard anesthetic protocol. In the amantadine group (AG) the animals orally received 5mg/kg of amantadine 30 minutes before the standard anesthetic protocol. The presence of adverse effects after administration of the capsule was evaluated. An intraoperative evaluation was performed at different times during the surgical procedure, assessing the following parameters: heart and respiratory rates, oxyhemoglobin saturation, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal isoflurane concentration, esophageal temperature, and systolic blood pressure. Post-surgical pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale and the Multidimensional Scale for the evaluation of post-operative pain in cats of the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) – Botucatu.Results Amantadine did not influence the evaluated physiological parameters. The group that received amantadine had lower pain scores on both scales when compared to the control group and required fewer analgesic rescues.Conclusions It was concluded that the preemptive, oral administration of amantadine, at a dose of 5mg/kg, was effective in controlling postoperative pain in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, without causing adverse effects or alterations in the physiological patterns of the treated animals.
Stress-related transcriptomic changes associated with GFP transgene overexpression and active transgene silencing in plants
Authors: Kallemi Paraskevi , Verret Frederic , Andronis Christos , Ioannidis Nikolaos , Glampedakis Nikolaos , Kotzabasis Kiriakos , Kalantidis Kriton 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Plants respond to biotic and abiotic stress by activating and interacting with multiple defense pathways, allowing for an efficient global defense response. RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism of regulation of gene expression directed by small RNAs important in acquired plant immunity and especially virus and transgene repression. Several RNA silencing pathways in plants are crucial to control developmental processes and provide protection against abiotic and biotic stresses as well as invasive nucleic acids such as viruses and transposable elements. Various notable studies have shed light on the genes, small RNAs, and mechanisms involved in plant RNA silencing. However, published research on the potential interactions between RNA silencing and other plant stress responses is limited. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that spreading and maintenance of systemic post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) of a GFP transgene are associated with transcriptional changes that pertain to non-RNA silencing-based stress responses. To this end, we analyzed the structure and function of the photosynthetic apparatus and conducted whole transcriptome analysis in a transgenic line of Nicotiana benthamiana that spontaneously initiates transgene silencing, at different stages of systemic GFP-PTGS. In vivo analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence yield and expression levels of key photosynthetic genes indicates that photosynthetic activity remains unaffected by systemic GFP-PTGS. However, transcriptomic analysis reveals that spreading and maintenance of GFP-PTGS are associated with transcriptional reprogramming of genes that are involved in abiotic stress responses and pattern- or effector-triggered immunity-based stress responses. These results suggest that systemic PTGS may interact with non-RNA silencing-based defense pathways in N. benthamiana.
Surmounting Challenges of Structure and Configuration Assignment for Trace Novel Flexible Hetero-Tetra/Trimeric Furancarboxylic Acid
Authors: Puno Pema-Tenzin , Tang Jian-Wei , Hu Kun , Zhang Liang , Su Xiao-Zheng , Gao Han , Sun Handong , Wang Sibao , Lei Xinxiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Structure elucidation of novel compounds with high flexibility and trace amount is among the hardest tasks in natural product research. In the present study, trace metabolites-targeted LSC strategy was applied for Penicillium sp. sh18 to provide two types of novel scaffolds, heterotetrameric FcA, pentetrafuranone A (1) and heterotrimeric FcA, pentrifuranones A and B (2 and 3). The flexibility and sample shortage obstruct the accessibility to crystallographic and chemical modification methods to determine their structures. Furthermore, the complexity of the structure and the presence of an uncommon "conditional chiral center", coupled with the permutation of NMR data, made conventional techniques ineffective. To overcome these challenges, a combinational method with extensive NMR analysis, including pure-shift 1H NMR, LR-HSQMBC, and multi-step conformational sampling method coupled with spatial sensitive parameters RDC and QID, and fc-rDG/DDD approaches was employed to establish the planar structures and cross-validate their configurations. In addition, antimalaria activity was evaluated and 2 exhibits significant inhibitory effect against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 at asexual blood-stage with IC50 of 0.72 µM. The present study offers new scaffolds that exhibit significant antimalaria activity. Moreover, it showcases how spatially sensitive-based analytical strategies can serve as a crystallography-independent approach for assigning structure and configuration of intricate natural products.
Selenoprotein W engages in overactive osteoclast differentiation in multiple myeloma
Authors: Jeong Daewon , Kim Hyunsoo , Oh Jiin , Kim Min Kyoung , Lee Kyung Hee 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Patients with multiple myeloma exhibit malignant osteolytic bone disease due to excessive osteoclast formation and function. We recently identified that osteoclastogenic stimulator selenoprotein W (SELENOW) is upregulated via ERK signaling and downregulated via p38 signaling during receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κΒ ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In the intrinsic physiological process, RANKL-induced downregulation of SELENOW maintains proper osteoclast differentiation; in contrast, forced overexpression of SELENOW leads to overactive osteoclast formation and function. In this study, we observed that SELENOW is highly expressed in multiple myeloma-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and mature osteoclasts when compared to healthy controls. Also, the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a pathological osteoclastogenic factor, is increased in the PBMCs and serum of patients with multiple myeloma. ERK activation by TNFα was more marked and sustained than that by RANKL, allowing SELENOW upregulation. Excessive expression of SELENOW in osteoclast progenitors and mature osteoclasts derived from multiple myeloma facilitated efficient nuclear translocation of osteoclastogenic transcription factors NF-κB and NFATc1, which are favorable for osteoclast formation. In summary, our findings suggest a possibility that feedforward signaling of osteoclastogenic SELENOW by TNFα derived from multiple myeloma induces overactive osteoclast differentiation, leading to bone loss during multiple myeloma.
Overexpression of okra transcription factor AeWRKY31 enhanced cold resistance of Arabidopsis by promoting ABA biosynthesis and inhibiting ROS generation
Authors: Zhu Zhipeng , Yu Jian-Xiang , Liu Fang-Fang , Zhu De-Wei , Xiong Ai-Sheng , Sun Miao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The changing climate leads to frequent low-temperature events, resulting in lower crop yields worldwide. Plant growth and development are regulated by WRKYs, as well as a variety of defense responses, including salt, drought, and extreme temperature stress. Here, a transcription factor AeWRKY31 was obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus and overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecular localization and self-transactivation assays revealed AeWRKY31 to be a nuclear localized protein with a self-transactivation property. Subsequently, AeWRKY31 activated the expression of AtABA1, AtABA2, and AtNCED6, and promoted endogenous ABA accumulation, which induced stomata closure of AeWRKY31 overexpression Arabidopsis. Histochemical staining and ROS content determination demonstrated that AeWRKY31 expression inhibited the accumulation of H2O2 and O2- and decrease electrolyte leakage of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, relative expression levels of cold-response genes were upregulated in AeWRKY31 overexpression lines compared to WT. Finally, AeWRKY31 overexpression Arabidopsis lines showed enhanced cold tolerance in vivo and in vitro experiments. Our findings will benefit molecular breeding and cold resistant mechanism investigation of okra.