bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating emotional and social interactions in museum liminal spaces: A case study of the National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense of Tehran, Iran
Authors: Motamedi Shooka , Person Angela M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study explores which architectural features of interstitial spaces improve visitors’ interactions with the overall museum space and with other visitors at the National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense in Tehran, Iran. Interstitial or liminal spaces are defined as “in‐between” spaces connecting primary spaces in a building that have a key role in relating humans to places.ObjectivesThis study asks which geometric features can increase the socio‐emotional interactions for visitors.MethodsTo answer the question, observations of behavior and body language were made at the study site. These data were analyzed based on body language science and neuroscience literature. Five in‐between spaces connecting exhibition halls were selected, and visitor behaviors were observed and analyzed using the Observer XT software by Noldus.ResultsResults showed that certain types of passages were associated with the highest levels of emotional interaction, while others are associated with the highest levels of social interaction.ConclusionsThe results of this study align with earlier neuroscience findings regarding brain activities in relation to certain geometries. The methods used in this study can be applied by architects and designers in their predesign planning and post design evaluation processes to improve socio‐emotional interactions for visitors.
Prudential regulation and bank solvency based on flexible distributions: An example for evaluating the impact of monetary policy
Authors: Rendón Juan F. , Cortés Lina M. , Perote Javier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes new risk measures by accurately estimating the components of solvency risk and focusing on prudential policy implementation. We use semi‐nonparametric statistics to model the stylised facts of the probability density functions, particularly the higher‐order moments of three variables: the solvency decline rate, the tier decline rate and the portfolio growth rate. The proposed measures allow the evaluation of the impact of expansionary monetary policy on the risk‐taking transmission channel and implementation of the minimum solvency ratios required by banking regulators based on the estimation of quantile risk metrics. Using a database of Colombian solvency indicators, we show that the liquidity injection measures employed in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic led to a significant increase in portfolio risk in the banking system. The proposed methodology is suitable for micro‐ and macroprudential regulation at different levels of portfolio risk aggregation.
Ocular examination findings and selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus)
Authors: Pletcher Jacklin S. , Zimmer Jennifer L. , Liu Chin‐Chi , Beierschmitt Amy , Lewin Andrew C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo document ocular lesions and establish ophthalmic diagnostic test reference values in a colony of African green monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).Animals StudiedFifty one geriatric (GAGM, 19–30 years old), 10 adult (AAGM, 5–9 years old) and 10 juvenile (JAGM, <2 years old) African green monkeys housed in a single Caribbean research colony.ProceduresOcular biomicroscopy, indirect fundoscopy, Schirmer tear test (STT), rebound tonometry (TonoVet®) and corneal fluorescein staining were performed. Mixed ANCOVA tests were performed to compare STT and IOP between groups.ResultsCommon ocular lesions in GAGM included vitreal degeneration (27/51, 51/102 eyes) and cataracts (21/51, 32/102 eyes). Vitreal degeneration was also common in AAGM (8/10, 16/20 eyes) and infrequent in JAGM (3/10, 6/20 eyes). Cataracts were not present in any JAGM or AAGM. All eyes in all three groups had perilimbal corneal pigmentation and faint lace‐like anterior corneal stromal opacification. Median (range) STT values were 16.0 (18) mm/min in GAGM. Mean (SD) STT values were 14.2 (4.6) mm/min in AAGM, and 8.9 (3.4) mm/min in JAGM. Median (range) IOP values were 16.5 (27) mmHg in GAGM. Mean (SD) IOP values were 18.0 (2.8) mmHg in AAGM, and 14.1 (2.2) mmHg in JAGM. JAGM had significantly lower STT and IOP values compared to AAGM (p = .0449, .0057, respectively) and GAGM (p = .0002, .0130, respectively).ConclusionsSpontaneous ocular lesions were common in geriatric monkeys in this research colony. IOP and STT values were lower in juvenile African green monkeys relative to adult or geriatric animals.
Prediction of Fracture Initiation Pressure for Slotting-Directional Hydraulic Fracturing Based on the Anisotropy of Coal
Authors: Jingwei Zheng , Zhaolong Ge , Yiyu Lu , Zhe Zhou , Jing Zhou , Wenyu Fu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The precise estimation of fracture initiation pressure is crucial for the effective implementation of slotting-directional hydraulic fracturing methods in coal seams. Nonetheless, current models fail to account for the impact of the morphology of the slotted borehole and the anisotropy of coal. To address this issue, a three-dimensional model was created in this study, which simplified the slotted borehole as an elliptical medium and the coal as an orthotropic medium. Laboratory experiments were conducted to validate the model, and the findings regarding the changes in fracture initiation pressure and deflection angle due to various factors were presented. The calculated outcomes of the proposed model align with the observed pattern of the experimental results, and the numerical discrepancy falls within the acceptable range of 7%, showcasing the precision of the proposed model. A rise in the horizontal stress difference and a decrease in the depth of the slots will result in an elevation of the fracture initiation pressure and deflection angle. In addition, the slotting angle will impact the distribution pattern of the fracture initiation pressure and deflection angle, underscoring the significance of these factors in the hydraulic fracturing of slotted boreholes.
A three-stage developmental pathway for human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells within the postnatal thymus
Authors: Perriman Louis , Tavakolinia Naeimeh , Jalali Sedigheh , Li Shuo , Hickey Peter F. , Amann-Zalcenstein Daniela , Ho William Wing Ho , Baldwin Tracey M. , Piers Adam T. , Konstantinov Igor E. , Anderson Jeremy , Stanley Edouard G. , Licciardi Paul V. , Kannourakis George , Naik Shalin H. , Koay Hui-Fern , Mackay Laura K. , Berzins Stuart P. , Pellicci Daniel G. 
Published: July 2023

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the largest population of γδ T cells in adults and can play important roles in providing effective immunity against cancer and infection. Many studies have suggested that peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are derived from the fetal liver and thymus and that the postnatal thymus plays little role in the development of these cells. More recent evidence suggested that these cells may also develop postnatally in the thymus. Here, we used high-dimensional flow cytometry, transcriptomic analysis, functional assays, and precursor-product experiments to define the development pathway of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus. We identify three distinct stages of development for Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in the postnatal thymus that are defined by the progressive acquisition of functional potential and major changes in the expression of transcription factors, chemokines, and other surface markers. Furthermore, our analysis of donor-matched thymus and blood revealed that the molecular requirements for the development of functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are delivered predominantly by the postnatal thymus and not in the periphery. Tbet and Eomes, which are required for IFN-γ and TNFα expression, are up-regulated as Vγ9Vδ2 T cells mature in the thymus, and mature thymic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells rapidly express high levels of these cytokines after stimulation. Similarly, the postnatal thymus programs Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to express the cytolytic molecules, perforin, granzyme A, and granzyme K. This study provides a greater understanding of how Vγ9Vδ2 T cells develop in humans and may lead to opportunities to manipulate these cells to treat human diseases.
Pachyvitelliform maculopathy: an optical coherence tomography analysis of a novel entity
Authors: Hilely Assaf , Au Adrian , Lee Won Ki , Fogel Levin Miri , Zur Dinah , Romero-Morales Veronica , Santina Ahmad , Lee Jong Suk , Loewenstein Anat , Sarraf David 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo describe the optical coherence tomography features of pachyvitelliform maculopathy (PVM), an acquired vitelliform lesion (AVL) associated with pachychoroid disease.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, multicentre, observational analysis.Medical records and multimodal imaging were reviewed in all patients with pachychoroid disease and AVL. Visual acuity, central choroidal thickness (CCT), AVL dimensions, total choroidal area, luminal choroidal area, stromal choroidal area and choroidal vascular index were measured in all eyes with PVM and compared with normal age-matched control eyes.ResultsMean age of the PVM group (17 eyes of 17 patients) was 71.41 years. Average follow-up was 33.15 months. Baseline VA was 20/40 in the PVM group and declined to 20/100 (p=0.006). AVLs were all detected overlying pachyvessels with optical coherence tomography and were all hyperautofluorescent with fundus autofluorescent imaging. Mean CCT in the PVM group was significantly greater (352.35 µm) than the CCT in the control group (226.88 µm, p<0.001). Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) disruption was present in 64.71% of eyes with PVM at baseline and 41.18% developed macular atrophy at the end of follow-up.ConclusionsPVM, defined by the presence of AVL associated with pachychoroid features, is a distinct novel entity of the pachychoroid disease spectrum. This study suggests a possible pathogenesis of RPE dysfunction secondary to a thick choroid, leading to accumulation of undigested photoreceptor outer segments and AVL. Clinicians should be aware of this common cause of vitelliform lesions and the poor visual prognosis due to the high risk of atrophy development.
Familial aggregation of multimorbidity in Sweden: national explorative family study
Authors: Zöller Bengt , Pirouzifard MirNabi , Holmquist Björn , Sundquist Jan , Halling Anders , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo examine whether multimorbidity aggregates in families in Sweden.DesignNational explorative family study.SettingSwedish Multigeneration Register linked to the National Patient Register, 1997-2015. Multimorbidity was assessed with a modified counting method of 45 chronic non-communicable diseases according to ICD-10 (international classification of diseases, 10th revision) diagnoses.Participants2 694 442 Swedish born individuals (48.73% women) who could be linked to their Swedish born first, second, and third degree relatives. Twins were defined as full siblings born on the same date.Main outcome measuresMultimorbidity was defined as two or more non-communicable diseases. Familial associations for one, two, three, four, and five or more non-communicable diseases were assessed to examine risks depending on the number of non-communicable diseases. Familial adjusted odds ratios for multimorbidity were calculated for individuals with a diagnosis of multimorbidity compared with relatives of individuals unaffected by multimorbidity (reference). An initial principal component decomposition followed by a factor analysis with a principal factor method and an oblique promax rotation was used on the correlation matrix of tetrachoric correlations between 45 diagnoses in patients to identify disease clusters.ResultsThe odds ratios for multimorbidity were 2.89 in twins (95% confidence interval 2.56 to 3.25), 1.81 in full siblings (1.78 to 1.84), 1.26 in half siblings (1.24 to 1.28), and 1.13 in cousins (1.12 to 1.14) of relatives with a diagnosis of multimorbidity. The odds ratios for multimorbidity increased with the number of diseases in relatives. For example, among twins, the odds ratios for multimorbidity were 1.73, 2.84, 4.09, 4.63, and 6.66 for an increasing number of diseases in relatives, from one to five or more, respectively. Odds ratios were highest at younger ages: in twins, the odds ratio was 3.22 for those aged ≤20 years, 3.14 for those aged 21-30 years, and 2.29 for those aged >30 years at the end of follow-up. Nine disease clusters (factor clusters 1-9) were identified, of which seven aggregated in families. The first three disease clusters in the principal component decomposition were cardiometabolic disease (factor 1), mental health disorders (factor 2), and disorders of the digestive system (factor 3). Odds ratios for multimorbidity in twins, siblings, half siblings, and cousins for the factor 1 cluster were 2.79 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 8.06), 2.62 (2.39 to 2.88), 1.52 (1.34 to 1.73), and 1.31 (1.23 to 1.39), and for the factor 2 cluster, 5.79 (4.48 to 7.48) 3.24 (3.13 to 3.36), 1.51 (1.45 to 1.57), and 1.37 (1.341.40).ConclusionsThe results of this explorative family study indicated that multimorbidity aggregated in Swedish families. The findings suggest that map clusters of diseases should be used for the genetic study of common diseases to show new genetic patterns of non-communicable diseases.
Saturday Pap Smear Clinic: addressing barriers to cervical cancer screening
Authors: Strelow Brittany , Francis Mollie , Gertner Gabrielle , Olson Rachel , Abuhadid Kholood , Abdi Deqa , Anderson Jordan , Fellows Nicole , Fink Stephanie , Stevens Joy , Peters Sonya , Stolp Anne , Tweedy Johanna , O'Laughlin Danielle 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe incidence of cervical cancer has decreased by 70% since the 1950s. Preventative measures include vaccination against HPV strains and Papanicolaou tests. Early identification of cervical cancer through routine screening can significantly improve patient outcomes.Materials and methodsAt our academic institution, Community Internal Medicine (CIM) Clinic, 63% of female patients aged 21–65 were compliant with cervical cancer screening. The opening of the ‘Saturday Pap Smear Clinic’ sought to address barriers by offering non-traditional appointment times on Saturday mornings with an all female staff. Our aim was to increase the cervical cancer screening rate by 1% within 12 weeks. Our team compared CIM (intervention) and family medicine (FM) (control) compliance rates from September 2021 to January 2022. Messages were sent to the patient indicating non-compliance and offering options to complete screening.ResultsAt the start of this study, 5239 CIM patients were cervical cancer screening non-compliant. Postintervention, cervical screening rates among non-compliant women within CIM improved by 1.2%. The intervention cohort, CIM patients, had a significant improvement in compliance compared with the control group, FM patients. White women between the ages of 50 and 65 comprised the majority of patients who used the ‘Saturday Pap Smear Clinic’.ConclusionsThe availability of Saturday appointments for cervical cancer screening completion can enhance cervical cancer screening compliance among eligible women. Eliminating barriers for women can improve health outcomes.
Prediction of worsening heart failure in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using plasma proteomics
Authors: Lumish Heidi S , Liang Lusha W , Hasegawa Kohei , Maurer Mathew S , Fifer Michael A , Reilly Muredach P , Shimada Yuichi J 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveHeart failure (HF) is one of the most common and lifestyle-limiting complications of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Prediction of worsening HF using clinical measures alone remains limited. Moreover, the mechanisms by which patients with HCM develop worsening HF have not been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a plasma proteomics-based model to predict worsening HF among patients with HCM and to identify signalling pathways that are differentially regulated in those who subsequently develop worsening HF.MethodsIn this multi-centre, prospective cohort study of 389 patients with HCM, plasma proteomics profiling of 4986 proteins was performed at enrolment. A proteomics-based random forest model was developed to predict worsening HF using data from one institution (training set, n=268). This model was externally validated in patients from a different institution (test set, n=121). Pathway analysis of proteins significantly dysregulated in patients who subsequently developed worsening HF compared with those who did not was executed, using a false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of <0.001.ResultsUsing the 11-protein proteomics-based model derived from the training set, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve to predict worsening HF was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76 to 0.98) in the test set. Pathway analysis revealed that the Ras-MAPK pathway (FDR<0.00001) and related pathways were dysregulated in patients who subsequently developed worsening HF.ConclusionsThe present study with comprehensive plasma proteomics profiling demonstrated a high accuracy to predict worsening HF in patients with HCM and identified the Ras-MAPK and related signalling pathways as potential underlying mechanisms.
NTRK gene alterations were enriched in hepatoid or enteroblastic differentiation type of gastric cancer
Authors: Pu Xiaohong , Fu Yao , Sun Qi , Li Lin , Kwasi Attigah , Ma Ziyan , Fan Xiangshan , Sun Beicheng 
Published: July 2023

AimsCurrently, the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer (GC) with oncogenic NTRK alterations are not well known. Although NTRK fusion has been identified as prevalent in DNA mismatch repair protein deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC), the relationship between NTRK alterations and dMMR protein expression in GC has not been previously explored.MethodsOur study comprised 51 cases of EBV(Epstein-barr virus)-associated gastric carcinomas, 94 cases of dMMR GC, 90 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma with hepatoid or enteroblastic differentiation (GAHED) and 256 cases of conventional GC. Furthermore, to investigate the connection between NTRK fusion and dMMR proteins, we collected dMMR tumours of various types, including 21 cases of duodenal adenocarcinomas, 46 endometrioid carcinomas and 82 CRCs. NTRK fusion and amplification were screened in GC and various types of dMMR tumours using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), while cases positive for FISH translocation underwent next-generation sequencing testing.ResultsOur findings revealed the existence of two cases each of NTRK fusions and NTRK amplifications, which were all enriched in case of GAHED. Additionally, following an analysis of several types of cancers, we discovered that NTRK gene alterations were only present in dMMR CRC.ConclusionsOur results indicate that NTRK gene alterations are not enriched in GC with dMMR but are specifically enriched in cases of GAHED.
Trends in social inequality in mortality in Denmark 1995–2019: the contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths
Authors: Jensen Heidi Amalie Rosendahl , Møller Sofie Rossen , Christensen Anne Illemann , Davidsen Michael , Juel Knud , Petersen Christina Bjørk 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDuring the past decades, social inequality in mortality has increased in several countries, including Denmark. Modifiable risk factors, such as smoking and harmful alcohol consumption, have been suggested to moderate the association between socioeconomic position and health-related outcomes. The present study aims to investigate the contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the trends in educational inequality in mortality in Denmark 1995–2019 among individuals aged 30–74 years.MethodsNationwide data on mortality and highest attained educational level divided into quartiles were derived from administrative registers. Alcohol-related mortality was directly estimated using information on alcohol-related deaths from death certificates. Smoking-related mortality was indirectly estimated using the Peto-Lopez method. The contribution of smoking- and alcohol-related deaths to the social inequality gap in mortality 1995–2019 was calculated.ResultsAlongside a decrease in all-cause mortality in Denmark 1995–2019, absolute differences in the mortality rate (per 100 000 person-year) between the lowest and the highest educational quartile increased from 494 to 607 among men and from 268 to 376 among women. Among both men and women, smoking- and alcohol-related deaths explained around 60% of the social inequality in mortality and around 50% of the increase in mortality inequality.ConclusionSmoking and harmful alcohol consumption continue to be important risk factors and causes of social inequality in mortality, with around half of the increase in Denmark 1995–2019 being attributable to smoking- and alcohol-related deaths. Future healthcare planning and policy development should aim at reducing social inequality in modifiable health risk behaviours and their negative consequences.
Prognostic significance of peripheral neutrophils and lymphocytes in early untreated Parkinson’s disease: an 8-year follow-up study
Authors: Kim Ryul , Kang Nyeonju , Byun Kyeongho , Park Kiwon , Jun Jin-Sun 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundTo explore whether peripheral blood neutrophils and lymphocytes are associated with longitudinal motor and cognitive decline in patients with early Parkinson’s disease (PD) and, to uncover the disease-specific mechanisms underlying these associations.MethodsData were obtained from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative cohort. We included 376 patients with recently diagnosed, drug-naïve PD and 178 matched healthy controls. The patients underwent annual assessments, including the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part 3 test to measure motor function and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to measure cognitive function, for up to 8 years of follow-up. Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging was performed at baseline and the 1-year, 2-year and 4-year follow-up visits.ResultsAt baseline, patients with PD showed higher neutrophil and lower lymphocyte counts, resulting in a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) than that in healthy controls. Higher neutrophil counts were associated with a greater increase in MDS-UPDRS part 3 scores in patients with PD (estimate: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.37, p<0.001). Correspondingly, higher neutrophil levels were related to a greater reduction in DAT activity in the caudate (estimate: −0.007, 95% CI: −0.014 to −0.001, p=0.046) and putamen (estimate: −0.0039, 95% CI: −0.0077 to −0.0002, p=0.042). However, there were no significant effects of lymphocyte count and NLR on changes in the MDS-UPDRS part 3 and MoCA scores and striatal DAT uptake over time.ConclusionAmong the blood biomarkers, only a higher neutrophil count was associated with faster motor progression along with accelerated nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with PD. The impact of neutrophils and lymphocytes on longitudinal cognitive changes remains unclear.Trial registration numberNCT01141023.