bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einarbeitungskonzept für Mitarbeiter:innen einer Hochschulambulanz: Entwicklung und Evaluation eines strukturierten Einarbeitungskonzeptes
Authors: Lieberum Judith-Lisa , Siegel Helena , Wacker Katrin , Reinhard Thomas 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Einarbeitung neuer Mitarbeiter:innen ist entscheidend für eine effektive Zusammenarbeit und Bindung.

Ziel der Arbeit
Entwicklung und Evaluation einer strukturierten Einarbeitung in die Prozessabläufe der Hochschulambulanz.

Material und Methoden
Wir entwickelten ein Modell zum Kennenlernen der Mitarbeiter:innen, Räumlichkeiten, Prozessabläufe und Untersuchungen: Teilnehmer:innen durchliefen als fiktive Patient:innen alle Stationen eines Ambulanzbesuchs. Es folgte die Selbsteinschätzung allgemeiner, ablaufbezogener und spezifischer, untersuchungsbezogener Kompetenzen.

Ergebnisse
Es durchliefen 11 Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung, 8 Operationspflegekräfte und 6 Studierende das Modell. Das Kompetenzlevel und der Kompetenzzugewinn variierten je nach Station und Berufsgruppe. Vor allem erlebten Ärzt:innen und Studierende eine allgemeine Kompetenzsteigerung (je 98 %; Operationspflegekräfte 64 %). Spezifische Kompetenzzugewinne der Ärzt:innen zeigten sich beim Kennenlernen prozessbezogener Schnittstellen, bei Software und Untersuchungstechniken und der Orientierung in der Ambulanz (Kompetenzsteigerung an 83 % der Stationen). Die Operationspflege profitierte von einer verbesserten Kommunikation mit Mitarbeiter:innen (Kompetenzsteigerung an 33 % der Stationen).

Schlussfolgerung
Eine allgemeine Kompetenzsteigerung kann durch ein strukturiertes Einarbeitungskonzept bei allen Berufsgruppen, besonders bei neuen Ärzt:innen, erreicht werden. Ein je nach Wirkungsfeld adaptierter Ambulanzdurchlauf erscheint für einen maximalen Kompetenzzugewinn empfehlenswert.
Malliavin calculus and densities for singular stochastic partial differential equations
Authors: Schönbauer Philipp 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study Malliavin differentiability of solutions to sub-critical singular parabolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) and we prove the existence of densities for a class of singular SPDEs. Both of these results are implemented in the setting of regularity structures. For this we construct renormalized models in situations where some of the driving noises are replaced by deterministic Cameron–Martin functions, and we show Lipschitz continuity of these models with respect to the Cameron–Martin norm. In particular, in many interesting situations we obtain a convergence and stability result for lifts of$$L^2$$L2-functions to models, which is of independent interest. The proof also involves two separate algebraic extensions of the regularity structure which are carried out in rather large generality.
Towards a geometry deductive database prover
Authors: Baeta Nuno , Quaresma Pedro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Geometry Automated-Theorem-Provers (GATP) based on the deductive database method use a data-based search strategy to improve the efficiency of forward chaining. An implementation of such a method is expected to be able to efficiently prove a large set of geometric conjectures, producing readable proofs. The number of conjectures a given implementation can prove will depend on the set of inference rules chosen, the deductive database method is not a decision procedure. Using an approach based in an SQL database library and using an in-memory database, the implementation described in this paper tries to achieve the following goals. Efficiency in the management of the inference rules, the set of already known facts and the new facts discovered, by the use of the efficient data manipulation techniques of the SQL library. Flexibility, by transforming the inference rules in SQL data manipulation language queries, will open the possibility of meta-development of GATP based on a provided set of rules. Natural language and visual renderings, possible by the use of a synthetic forward chaining method. Implemented as an open source library, that will open its use by third-party programs, e.g. the dynamic geometry systems.
Diabetes risk reduction diet and ovarian cancer risk: an Italian case-control study
Authors: Esposito Giovanna , Turati Federica , Parazzini Fabio , Augustin Livia S. A. , Serraino Diego , Negri Eva , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the relation between a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and ovarian cancer.

Methods
We used data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy, including 1031 incident ovarian cancer cases and 2411 controls admitted to hospital centres for acute non-malignant disease. Subjects’ diet prior to hospital admission was collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Adherence to the DRRD was measured using a score based on 8 dietary components, giving higher scores for greater intakes of cereal fiber, coffee, fruit, nuts, higher polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids ratio, lower glycemic index of diet, and lower intakes of red/processed meat, and sweetened beverages/and fruit juices. Higher scores indicated greater adherence to the DRRD. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of ovarian cancer and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for approximate quartiles of the DRRD score.

Results
The DRRD score was inversely related to ovarian cancer, with an OR of 0.76 (95%CI: 0.60–0.95) for the highest versus the lowest quartile of the score (p for trend = 0.022). The exclusion of women with diabetes did not change the results (OR = 0.75, 95%CI: 0.59–0.95). Inverse associations were observed in strata of age, education, parity, menopausal status, and family history of ovarian/breast cancer.

Conclusion
Higher adherence to a diet aimed at reducing the risk of diabetes was inversely associated with ovarian cancer. Further evidence from prospective investigations will be useful to support our findings.
Effects of a collaborative and gamified online learning methodology on class and test emotions
Authors: Perez-Aranda Javier , Medina-Claros Samuel , Urrestarazu-Capellán Ricardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examines the influence of students’ individual attitude and social interactions on participation in collaborative and gamified online learning activities, as well as the influence of participating in those activities on students’ online class- and test-related emotions. Based on a sample of 301 first year Economics and Law university students and using the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling approach, all the relationships among first-order and second-order constructs included in the model are validated. The results support all the hypotheses studied, confirming the positive relationship that both students’ individual attitude and social interactions have on participation in collaborative and gamified online learning activities. The results also show that participating in those activities is positively related with class- and test-related emotions. The main contribution of the study is the validation of the effect of collaborative and gamified online learning on university students’ emotional well-being through the analysis of their attitude and social interactions. Moreover, this is the first time in the specialised learning literature that students’ attitude is considered as a second-order construct operationalised by three factors: the perceived usefulness that this digital resource brings to the students, the entertainment that this digital resource brings to the students, and the predisposition to use this digital resource among all those available in online training. Our findings aim to shed light for educators when preparing and designing computer mediated and online teaching programs that seek to generate positive emotions as a motivation for students.
When the political leader is the narrator: the political and policy dimensions of narratives
Authors: Capano Giliberto , Galanti Maria Tullia , Barbato Giovanni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the role of narratives in policy-making, as evidenced by the consolidation of the Narrative Policy Framework, a theory of the policy process whose overall aim is to explain how policy narratives influence policy outcomes. However, with the focus on only policy narratives, there is a risk of underestimating the relationship between the policy dynamics in a specific subsystem and the pursuit of consent in the political arena. To attract more scholarly attention to this relationship, this paper distinguishes between two types of narratives—the political narrative and the policy narrative. It focuses on how political leaders address the trade-off between the content of their political and policy narratives, not only adding analytical and theoretical leverage to the Narrative Policy Framework but also providing a fine-grained comprehension of the multilayered dynamics of narratives in politics. Our main assumption is that political leaders continuously address relationships and the eventual trade-off between their political narratives (the stories through which they shape the preferences of public opinion by proposing their general political vision) and their policy narratives (the stories they tell to shape the policy process and its outputs). The way leaders decide between these trade-offs can make a significant difference in terms of political and policy outputs. We test this assumption with a comparison of the use of narratives by the same political leader in labour and education policies in Italy.
Gendered Social Perceptions of “The Poor”: Differences in Individualistic Attributions, Stereotypes, and Attitudes Toward Social Protection Policies
Authors: Alcañiz-Colomer Joaquín , Moya Miguel , Valor-Segura Inmaculada 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPoverty is a phenomenon that affects men and women differently. In the current research, we examined social perceptions of poor men and women across three experiments focusing on attributions for poverty, classist attitudes, and stereotypes about poor people. In Study 1, participants from the general population (N = 484) made more individualistic (dispositional) attributions for men’s poverty compared to women’s poverty, blaming men more for their poverty. Participants also believed that men would manage the assistance they received from the state more poorly than women. These patterns were observed across all three studies. In Study 2 (N = 256), we also found that more individualistic attributions for why men were in poverty predicted more negative attitudes toward social protection policies concerning men. In Study 3 (N = 358), we replicated the results observed in Study 2, and found that women in poverty were described as mor communal and competent than men in poverty. We interpret these results considering the operation of traditional gender roles as well as the parallelism between stereotypes of women and poor people. Our results are relevant to the framing of the proposals by social organizations, political parties, and emancipation movements that advocate for policies and programs to address poverty.
Molecular Mechanisms of Self-mated Hydrogel Friction
Authors: Mees Jan , Simič Rok , O’Connor Thomas C. , Spencer Nicholas D. , Pastewka Lars 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHydrogel-like structures are responsible for the low friction experienced by our joints when we walk or by our eyelids when we blink. At low loads, hydrogel contacts show extremely low friction that rises with velocity beyond a threshold speed. Here we combine mesoscopic simulations and experiments to test the polymer-relaxation hypothesis for this velocity dependence, where a velocity-dependent regime emerges when the perturbation of interfacial polymer chains occurs faster than their relaxation at high velocity. Our simulations quantitatively match the experimental findings, with a friction coefficient that rises with velocity to some power of order unity in the velocity-dependent regime. We show that the velocity-dependent regime is characterized by reorientation and stretching of polymer chains in the direction of shear, leading to an entropic stress that can be quantitatively related to the shear response. The detailed exponent of the power law in the velocity-dependent regime depends on how chains interact: We observe a power close to 1/2 for chains that can stretch, while pure reorientation leads to a power of unity. These results show that the friction of hydrogel interfaces can be engineered by tuning the morphology of near-surface chains.
Integrated SUSTAIN-SWMM-MCDM Approach for Optimal Selection of LID Practices in Urban Stormwater Systems
Authors: Nazari Amirhossein , Roozbahani Abbas , Hashemy Shahdany Seied Mehdy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRapid urbanization has increased impervious areas, leading to a higher flood hazard across cities worldwide. Low Impact Development (LID) practices have shown efficacy in reducing urban runoff; nevertheless, choosing the best combinations in terms of implementation cost and performance is of great importance. The present study introduces a framework based on green infrastructure, multi-objective optimization, and decision support tools to determine the most cost-effective LID solutions. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) was employed for rainfall-runoff and hydraulic modeling in Region 1, District 11 of Tehran, Iran. Six scenarios of different combinations of LID practices were developed. The system for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis Integration (SUSTAIN) was used to optimize and evaluate each scenario. The selected solutions were imported to the SWMM to evaluate the stormwater system performance. Then, two multi criteria decision making (MCDM) models, including TOPSIS and COPRAS, were employed to rank the scenarios based on four technical and economic criteria. Results showed that scenario 4, consisting of rain barrels, porous pavements, and vegetated swales, had the best performance under TOPSIS with a 7.68 million USD and reduced the runoff volume and peak flow by 20.77% and 19.2%, respectively. However, Under the COPRAS method, Scenario 2 with a combination of rain barrels, bio-retention cells, and vegetated swales showed higher performance than the other scenarios with 3.25 million USD and led to a 15% reduction in the runoff volume and 4.30% in the peak flow. The COPRAS method was more sensitive to cost weights and chose the most economical scenario as the ideal. However, Scenario 4 concluded to be more feasible due to spatial limitations in the study area. The proposed SWMM—SUSTAIN—MCDM framework could be helpful to decision-makers in the design, performance evaluation, cost estimation, and selection of optimal scenarios.
Analysis of Thermally Grown Oxides on Microperforated Copper Sheets
Authors: Zięba A. , Maj P. , Siwek M. , Spychalski M. , Mizera J. , Mokrzycki Ł. , Woźny K. , Socha R. P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCopper oxides have some interesting photocatalytic properties and reasonably low price which makes them applicable as PN transistors. However, to obtain the best performance it is necessary to increase the specific working surface of materials which plays a key role in many applications. Furthermore, by ordered spacing and heterojunction formation it is possible to fabricate the systems with specific dedicated properties, like for example PN photovoltaic junction. The conducted research analyses the mechanical properties, stress distributions, and thermal stability of metal–oxide structures with such advanced geometries. Micro-perforation of thin Cu sheet was selected for the study, as it can both enhance the free surface of the substrate and decrease the number of sites of thermal stress occurrence. Both Cu-Cu2O and Cu-CuO layers were simulated using finite element analysis. The model based on fixed geometry of square shaped samples of dimensions of 156 × 156 mm was applied to thin metal plates holes-patterned covered on top by 1-3 μm thick oxide layers. On the other hand, the influence of plate thickness was found to be important in terms of structure durability. A good agreement between the simulation and the experimental data was achieved. The critical delamination temperature of c.a. 473-483 K was estimated for both oxide layers. The verification of the simulation/computation model was done by analyzing perforated and non-perforated Cu Electrolytic Tough Pitch (ETP) sheets. Two methods, FIB-TEM and surface scan using a profilometer, were selected. The first verified the decohesion of the oxide coatings from the metal support after exceeding the temperature of 523 K The issue that was also noticed is the susceptibility for peeling in the inner surface of the holes.
Immunotherapy in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Where Are We Now and Where Are We Headed?
Authors: Dixon-Douglas Julia , Loi Sherene 
Published: May 2023

Opinion statementRecently, the addition of PD-1 pathway targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been shown to improve rates of pathological complete response (pCR), as well as event-free survival regardless of attainment of pCR. Recurrent TNBC remains a devastating diagnosis and thus novel treatments that improve chance of cure in early-stage TNBC should be promptly integrated into standard of care paradigms. However, approximately 50% of patients with early TNBC will experience pCR with chemotherapy alone, and the addition of ICI carries the risk of sometimes permanent immune-related toxicities. This raises the critical question whether all early-stage TNBC patients should receive ICI in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. As yet, there is no predictive biomarker to select patients most likely to benefit from ICI; however, it would seem that at least all node positive patients should receive an ICI with their neoadjuvant chemotherapy, on the basis of high clinical risk and potential to increase their pCR rate and ultimately the chance of cure. It is plausible that some lower-risk (stage I/II) TNBC demonstrating strong pre-existing immune activation (high tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and/or PD-L1 expression) may be successfully treated with ICI in combination with less cytotoxic chemotherapy, and this requires further evaluation in clinical trials. The contribution of the adjuvant phase of ICI on clinical benefit is unclear even in patients who do not achieve a pCR and long-term data from ongoing studies without adjuvant ICI component may help inform us on an appropriate strategy in the short term. Similarly, the potential benefit of other adjuvant therapies in patients with poor response to neoadjuvant ICI with chemotherapy, including capecitabine and olaparib with or without ICI, is also unknown, but is rational on the basis of administering a non-cross-resistant anti-tumour agent. In conclusion, the addition of neoadjuvant ICI to chemotherapy significantly improves both the quality and quantity of the anti-tumour T cell response, suggesting that improvements in recurrence-free survival occur through better immune protection from cancer. In the future, development of ICI agents that target tumour-specific T cells may favourably alter the toxicity profile, improving the risk–benefit ratio for survivors.
Solubilization and Hydrolysis of Porcine Coagulated Blood Protein Using Sub-Critical Solvent Extraction
Authors: Marques Bianca , Nunes Rafaela , Araújo-Rodrigues Helena , Pintado Manuela , Pereira Ricardo N. , Teixeira José A. , Rocha Cristina M. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPork represents a major fraction of the meat consumed worldwide but only 30% of the blood generated in slaughterhouses is re-used as raw material for food and feed. Innovative technologies and efficient processing strategies capable of generating added-value products from it are now attracting attention. In this study, the hydrolysis of porcine coagulated blood using sub-critical solvent extraction was investigated. Biomass was hydrolyzed using different temperatures (120–210 °C), applying only water (sub-critical water; SCW) or water with a low concentration of alkali (0.1 mol L−1 NaOH) and different reaction times (30–90 min). Resultant hydrolysates were analyzed for crude and soluble protein, peptide profile, and bioactivity by combining protein quantification, antioxidant activity, and fast protein liquid chromatography measurements. Results showed that increasing temperature increases the degree of hydrolysis and that the addition of NaOH enhances the solubilization of peptides with high molecular weights. Also, hydrolysates showed interesting antioxidant activity, being 60 min the time of reaction with best antioxidant activity. Nevertheless, using only water (SCW) as solvent, without chemical additives, allows the delivering of interesting protein-based bioactive fractions. Sub-critical solvent treatment of porcine blood resulted in added-value fractions with potential bioactivities through a simple and environmentally friendly process.
Light response and adsorption interaction of black phosphorus quantum dots and single-layer graphene phototransistor
Authors: Han Qi , Jiang Yadong , Liu Xianchao , Zhang Chaoyi , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBlack phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs) are synthesized and combined with graphene sheet. The fabricated BPQDs/graphene devices are capable of detecting visible and near infrared radiation. The adsorption effect of BPQDs in graphene is clarified by the relationship of the photocurrent and the shift of the Dirac point with different substrate. The Dirac point moves toward a neutral point under illumination with both SiO2/Si and Si3N4/Si substrates, indicating an anti-doped feature of photo-excitation. To our knowledge, this provides the first observation of photoresist induced photocurrent in such systems. Without the influence of the photoresist the device can respond to infrared light up to 980 nm wavelength in vacuum in a cryostat, in which the photocurrent is positive and photoconduction effect is believed to dominate the photocurrent. Finally, the adsorption effect is modeled using a first-principle method to give a picture of charge transfer and orbital contribution in the interaction of phosphorus atoms and single-layer graphene.
Graphical Abstract
Antifungal Stewardship Interventions in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Vergidis Paschalis , Stevens Ryan W. , Agrawal Samir G. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Antifungal stewardship has been recognized as a significant component of any antimicrobial stewardship program. In this article, we aim to provide a review of recommendations and antifungal stewardship interventions in hematologic patients.

Recent Findings
Core elements of antibiotic stewardship programs can be applied to antifungal stewardship practices. Engagement of high-prescribing specialists, timely access to fungal diagnostics, screening for drug-drug interactions, and therapeutic drug monitoring are recommended practices that specifically pertain to antifungal stewardship. Tools recently developed in assessing adherence to guidelines can prove useful in evaluating prescribing practices. The most common longitudinal metrics are likely to hinge on measuring antifungal consumption. However, many of the parameters to measure antifungal stewardship activity and performance are extremely challenging to obtain.

Summary
A multifaceted antifungal stewardship approach is required to improve antifungal use among hematologic patients in an efficient and sustainable manner.