bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in energetic balance among free-ranging polar bears during the spring mating and foraging season
Authors: Pagano Anthony M. , Atkinson Stephen N. , Archer Louise C. 
Published: January 2025

Large carnivores are capable of consuming substantial biomasses that can significantly alter their body mass and condition over short periods. Here we examine the intra-seasonal variation of polar bear ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) body mass, energy intake, and condition in the spring from two subpopulations. We evaluate the biological and temporal factors that may have driven changes in body mass of 31 individuals captured and recaptured over 2–39 days and assess whether these changes influenced their estimated condition. Body mass changed by –61 to 33 kg ([Formula: see text] = –2 kg) with bears exhibiting increases in mass with increasing age and decreases with greater initial mass. On average, estimated intake was 57 MJ/day. Estimated daily mass-specific body mass changes exhibited greater variation relative to previous measures in polar bears or brown bears ( U. arctos Linnaeus, 1758). Yet, across all bears, measures of condition remained similar between captures. The marked variation in mass gains or losses highlights the varying behavioral and physiological limitations that influence foraging success within this apex carnivore during a season when two key life history events converge wherein feeding is often reduced during mating activities despite the importance of the spring hyperphagia period to long-term energy balance.
Sândi vocálico externo em português brasileiro: elisão, ditongação e coalescência
Authors: Madruga Magnun Rochel , Gonçalves Guilherme 
Published: January 2025

O estudo apresenta resultados experimentais de uma análise fonético-acústica da elisão da vogal baixa /a/ por sândi vocálico externo no português brasileiro (PB) (BISOL, 1992). A pesquisa adotou o protocolo de leitura de sentenças-veículo, conforme descrito em Albano (2001) e Meneses (2016). Participaram do experimento oito falantes nativos do PB. O encontro vocálico foi controlado para manter o contexto favorecedor da elisão: vogal baixa /a/ átona em final de palavra seguida de [i] ou [u] átonos. A estrutura de juntura favorável à elisão resultou em três padrões de produção: elisão, ditongo decrescente e coalescência. O padrão coalescente é inédito sobre o sândi em PB, no qual emerge uma vogal [e] ou [o] das sequências /a##i/ ou /a##u/. Definimos como coalescência casos em que a vogal resultante do sândi apresentava padrão formântico de monotongos com características das vogais médias [e] ou [o]. Além de interpretar os resultados experimentais sobre o sândi vocálico, apresentamos uma análise fonológica que (i) incorpora a coalescência como subprocesso de elisão e (ii) elimina a degeminação como processo de sândi vocálico externo. A proposta revela um sistema de operações fonológicas mais econômicas e mais ajustadas ao que se observa à realidade fonética.
Mortality Patterns in Pediatric Pulmonary Vein Stenosis: Insights Into Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Associations
Authors: Takajo Daiji , Critser Paul J. , Cash Michelle , Magness Melissa , Hirsch Russel 
Published: January 2025

Background
Pulmonary vein stenosis in children is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the cause and risk factors for mortality remain uncertain.

Methods
This retrospective, single‐center study identified children with primary and secondary pulmonary vein stenosis through a cardiac catheterization database. Kaplan‐Meier analysis, log‐rank tests, and Cox regression analysis were performed to assess outcome and identify significant predictors of mortality.

Results

Among 56 children with pulmonary vein stenosis (33 male children, 59%), 20 (36%) died at a median age of 10 months (interquartile range, 4–24 months). All patients underwent cardiac catheterization, with 45 (80%) undergoing at least 1 interventional procedure. Causes of death included multiorgan failure (35%), progressive respiratory failure (20%), and sudden cardiac death (15%). Prematurity, chronic lung disease, a genetic syndrome, or the number of affected pulmonary veins did not significantly correlate with mortality. However, right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure greater than half systemic pressure was associated with mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 5.5 [95% CI, 2.2–14.1];
P
<0.001). The final predictive model for mortality included RV systolic pressure greater than half systemic pressure (HR, 4.0 [95% CI, 1.6–10.4];
P
=0.004), moderately or severely diminished RV systolic function (HR, 3.6 [95% CI, 1.1–11.5];
P
=0.032), and the presence of congenital heart disease (HR, 2.4 [95% CI, 0.9–6.7];
P
=0.084).

Conclusions
This report is the first to indicate that RV systolic pressure and RV dysfunction are significant independent predictors of mortality in children with pulmonary vein stenosis. A greater understanding of mortality in this population is necessary, particularly in those with RV systolic pressure less than half systemic.
A Robotic Flutist Framework for Exploring Acoustics, Human–Instrument Interaction, and Musical Creation
Authors: Hurtado Fernando , de la Cuadra Patricio , Torres Miguel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This article introduces an experimental robotic setup designed to investigate the performance and sound production of flutes. The flute, renowned for its intricate mechanism enabling musicians to dynamically adjust various parameters, yields a diverse range of rich sounds.
A key feature of the flute involves the embouchure—the shaping of the air channel by the musician’s lips—providing control over airflow, velocity, distance to the labium, inclination, and position. The robotic testbed manipulates critical parameters of the sound-producing system, incorporating an artificial mouth and a motorized mechanism for adjusting jet length, incident angle, and offset. Specialized software aids in route planning, visualization, and description of the controllable parameter trajectories, also generating automatic positions based on a predefined dictionary.
Experimental findings showcase the robot’s proficiency in playing simple melodies and producing harmonically rich sounds within the specified range. Spectrogram analysis reveals successful reproduction of intended pitches and timbres.
This robotic testbed emerges as a valuable tool for delving into the acoustics of the flute and the interaction between performers and flutes. It provides a robust platform for composers to create music that surpasses normal human capabilities and contributes to the comprehension and design of these intricate instruments.
Technology and International Environmental Cooperation
Authors: Rabitz Florian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When does technology matter for resolving global challenges of environmental sustainability? Starting from the concept of “techno-fixes” that centers on the impacts of technology on environmental challenges, I develop an alternative account that assesses the implications of technology for international environmental cooperation. I propose the concept of techno-political fixes to refer to technologies that improve cooperative prospects. Techno-political fixes improve the structure of cooperation problems in terms of distributional impacts, epistemic complexity, and/or tractability, thus facilitating the joint management of environmental problems. This concept offers a new and nuanced approach to the role of technology in resolving sustainability challenges. I apply this framework to solar geoengineering, a set of proposed methods for planetary albedo modification to control anthropogenic global warming. By shifting the analytical focus from technological impacts on the climate system to technological implications for international cooperation, I show how solar geoengineering aggravates, rather than ameliorating, the problem structure of anthropogenic global warming.
A Fourth-Century Papyrus Letter to a ‘Priest and Confessor’
Authors: Berkes Lajos , Claytor W. Graham 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Edition of an early fourth century papyrus letter from the University of Michigan collection that is addressed to a priest and confessor. The latter title is attested here for only the second time in documentary papyri, and the letter is written in a high register with several scriptural allusions.
The effect of processing on the nutritional values of yellow mealworm and Jamaican field cricket
Authors: Lampová B. , Petřı́čková D. , Kulma M. , Hradecký J. , Kurečka M. , Burešová B. , Michlová T. , Doskočil I. , Kouřimská L. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite extensive research on the nutritional value of edible insects, there is insufficient data on how processing methods affect their chemical composition. In this study, our objective was to assess the effects of boiling, roasting, oven drying, and microwave heating on the nutritional value of insects euthanized via blanching or freezing. Results indicated that both the methods of killing and culinary treatment significantly influenced the nutritional value of yellow mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) and Jamaican field crickets (Gryllus assimilis). Blanched and boiled yellow mealworm larvae contained the lowest level of protein (54.76 g/100 g dry matter (DM)), and the highest content of fat (35.28 g/100 g DM), while blanched, oven-dried Jamaican field crickets yielded the highest levels of protein (72.95 g/100 g DM) and the lowest levels of fat (13.31 g/100 g DM). Culinary treatments uniformly resulted in increased proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a decrease in the percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) compared to the raw samples. In contrast to fats, the amino acid composition and protein quality, assessed via the essential amino acid index, remained almost unchanged regardless of the type of culinary treatment. Similarly, the profile of volatile compounds was not significantly affected by the culinary treatment. Although acrylamide was undetectable in raw samples, safe levels (0.02-0.13 μg/g DM) were observed in treated samples. Given the rarity of raw insect consumption, gaining insights into the nutritional content of prepared insect-based dishes is of paramount importance. Thus, forthcoming research that is focused on potential risk compounds linked to thermal processing, as well as strategies aimed at mitigating their presence in insect-based foods, may hold significant relevance.
Why Trans Cinema Doesn’t Exist
Authors: Keegan Cáel M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This essay illustrates how queer cinema studies has been structured by a negative co-history with trans that has driven the texts and questions it can take up, the temporalities governing its formation, and the rhetorical shape of its intellectual products. It argues that the ground from which queer cinema studies has traced the evolution of queer cinema – from an outsider form to a now tenuously global force – is terrain established via a cordoning-off of the disruption that trans enacts on the binary sexed forms necessary to “same-sex” desire. Therefore, the essay claims, the field of queer cinema studies has emerged through an agentive commitment to non-transsexuality as an unacknowledged speaking position from which its textual analyses are performed as performative.
Evaluating rural adolescents’ climate change knowledge, attitudes and practices subsequent to a simple educational intervention in Bangalore, India
Authors: Shalini V Sayvithaa , Shanbhag Deepthi N , James Irene , Divya Emmadi 
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) concerning climate change and its health impacts in rural Bangalore. Method: An interventional study design was employed, utilising a pre-test and post-test approach to measure changes in KAP before and after the intervention. Setting and Design: The study was conducted among students aged 12–16 years attending a government high school and a private high school in rural Bangalore, India. Baseline KAP was assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The intervention involved a child-to-child approach and flip charts in a manner informed by World Health Organization’s (WHO) Information, Education, and Communication (IEC) recommendations. A post-test was administered 6 weeks after the intervention. Data analysis included paired t-tests, Student t-tests and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Out of 135 students with a mean age of 15 years, there was a significant increase in the mean knowledge scores from 9.97 to 14.27 ( p < .05). Attitude scores improved slightly from 12.00 to 12.70, and practice scores increased from 7.53 to 9.67, though these changes were not statistically significant. Private school students showed more notable improvements in knowledge and attitudes compared to government school students. Conclusion: The educational intervention significantly enhanced students’ knowledge about climate change but had a more limited effect on attitudes and practices. The results highlight the importance of continued and diversified educational efforts to strengthen climate change awareness and promote sustainable behaviours among adolescents. Expanding such initiatives to other demographic groups could enhance their impact on fostering comprehensive climate action.
Time-series machine learning for predictive optimisation of a highly efficient evaporative cooling system
Authors: Wang Zhichu , Zeng Cheng , Zhu Zishang , Li Yunhai , Ma Xiaoli , Zhao Xudong 
Published: January 2025

As data centres become integral to modern infrastructure, their energy consumption, particularly in cooling systems, presents a critical challenge for sustainability. This paper addresses this issue by applying time-series machine learning models to forecast the performance of a highly efficient 100 kW evaporative cooling system applied in a real-world data centre. Using a dataset spanning 4 months, we developed and optimised two predictive models based on XGBoost and Random Forest, to estimate cooling capacity and Coefficient of Performance (COP). Initial results showed suboptimal performance, with the XGBoost model achieving a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.34 for cooling capacity and 6.50 for COP, alongside a negative R-squared, indicating poor fit. However, after hyperparameter tuning, the Random Forest model significantly improved the predictions, achieving an MAE of 0.39 and an R-squared of 0.85 for cooling capacity, and an MAE of 2.21 and an R-squared of 0.54 for COP. These findings underscore the potential of these models to optimise cooling efficiency, offering valuable insights for reducing energy consumption and operational costs in data centre operations. This research paves the way for more sustainable data centre designs and operations across diverse climatic conditions. Practical application The predictive models developed in this study enable building environment professionals to optimise data centre cooling systems. By accurately forecasting cooling capacity and Coefficient of Performance (COP) under varying environmental conditions, these models allow for proactive adjustments to cooling strategies, ensuring efficient operation and minimising energy waste. This research provides a practical tool for enhancing the sustainability of data centres, directly supporting industry efforts to meet stringent energy efficiency targets and reduce the carbon footprint of critical infrastructure.
Cytokeratin-Based Assessment of Tumour Budding in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Muthukumarappan Kumudavalli , Narla Swetha , Subramanyan Annapurneswari 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: One of the most prevalent and major causes of cancer-related mortality is colorectal cancer (CRC). Unfortunately, despite being labelled as low-risk cancers based on their tumour, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, many tumours behave poorly. The independent forecasting tool for CRC, particularly in node-negative illness, is tumour budding (TB). The term ‘tumour buds’ (TB) refers to detached (epithelial) tumour cells, which are single or clusters (less than or equal to five cells) at the maximum invasive front. Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate TB using pan-cytokeratin immunostain and comparing it with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and clinicopathological parameters. Methods: Resected specimens without presurgical therapy were analysed in the Department of Pathology for one year. Among histologically proven colorectal carcinoma, TB scores on H&E and pan-cytokeratin immunostained slides were compared. Results: Among the various clinicopathological parameters evaluated in 83 cases of CRC, we emphasise from our study that there was a strong correlation of TB score with tumour type, grade of tumour and metastasis. There is a definitive chance of upgradation of TB score by cytokeratin immunostain. Conclusion: TB is a negative prognostic factor responsible for adverse outcomes in CRC patients. Regardless of the scoring method used, cytokeratin-based assessment of TB is superior compared with the TB score assessed by H&E alone.
Changing patterns of treatment and prescribers of stimulants for children, adolescents and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in New South Wales, Australia: evidence for a treatment bottleneck? – A database study
Authors: Nielsen Timothy C , Nanan Ralph , Butler Tony , Nassar Natasha , Poulton Alison 
Published: January 2025

Objective Investigate the treatment patterns and prescribers of stimulants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young people in New South Wales (NSW). Method Longitudinal cohort study of persons born after 1983 and prescribed stimulants for ADHD as per the NSW Ministry of Health Controlled Drugs Data Collection. Results were analyzed descriptively: a) treatment prevalence by year; age; sex; b) speciality of prescribers over time; c) rate of transition from paediatrics to adult psychiatry. The main analysis covered 2003–2015, with data on general practitioner prescribing to 2023. Results Treatment prevalence rates were highest at age 10 (22.8 per 1000 person years), declining among teenagers and stabilizing in adulthood at 2.5 per 1000. The childhood male treatment predominance (4:1) resolved to 1.6:1 in adulthood. Paediatricians were the main prescribers until age 20. The average annual percent increase in prescribers was: adult psychiatry – 13%, general practice – 20%, paediatrics – 2.6%. Only 6.3% of treated children had transitioned to adult psychiatrists by age 25; 50% starting treatment with adult psychiatrists had no previous treatment records. Conclusions The proportion on treatment and the male predominance declined substantially with age. Future studies may determine whether increased prescribing by general practitioners and psychiatrists reduces treatment attrition during adolescence.
Familial Oculoauriculovertebral Spectrum: A Genomic Investigation of Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Authors: Petrin Aline L , Machado-Paula Ligiane Alves , Hinkle Austin , Hovey Luke , Awotoye Waheed , Chimenti Michael , Darbro Benjamin , Ribeiro-Bicudo Lucilene A , Dabdoub Shareef M , Peter Tabitha , Breheny Patrick , Murray Jeffrey C , Van Otterloo Eric , Rengasamy Venugopalan Shankar , Moreno-Uribe Lina M 
Published: January 2025

Objective Oculoauriculovertebral spectrum (OAVS) encompasses abnormalities on derivatives from the first and second pharyngeal arches including macrostomia, hemifacial microsomia, micrognathia, preauricular tags, ocular, and vertebral anomalies. We present genetic findings on a 3-generation family affected with macrostomia, preauricular tags and ptosis following an autosomal dominant pattern. Design We generated whole-genome sequencing data for the proband, affected father, and unaffected paternal grandmother followed by Sanger sequencing on 23 family members for the top candidate gene mutations. We performed parent and sibling-based transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) and burden analysis via a penalized linear mixed model, for segregation and mutation burden, respectively. Next, via bioinformatic tools we predicted protein function, mutation pathogenicity, and pathway enrichment to investigate the biological relevance of mutations identified. Results Rare missense mutations in SIX1, KDR/VEGFR2, and PDGFRA showed the best segregation with the OAVS phenotypes in this family. When considering any of the 3 OAVS phenotypes as an outcome, SIX1 had the strongest associations in parent-TDTs and sib-TDTs ( P = 0.025, P = 0.052) (unadjusted P-values). Burden analysis identified SIX1 (RC = 0.87) and PDGFRA (RC = 0.98) strongly associated with OAVS severity. Using phenotype-specific outcomes, sib-TDTs identified SIX1 with uni- or bilateral ptosis ( P = 0.049) and ear tags ( P = 0.01), and PDGFRA and KDR/VEGFR2 with ear tags (both P < 0.01). Conclusion SIX1, PDGFRA, and KDR/VEGFR2 are strongly associated to OAVS phenotypes. SIX1 has been previously associated with OAVS ear malformations and is co-expressed with EYA1 during ear development. Efforts to strengthen the genotype-phenotype co-relation underlying the OAVS are key to discover etiology, family counseling, and prevention.
Utility of ursodiol prophylaxis against sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS)/ veno-occlusive disease (VOD) in acute leukemia patients receiving gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) or inotuzumab-ozogamicin (InO)
Authors: Mosallam Grace , Winer Eric S , Keating Julia H , Flamand Yael , Solodokin Loriel J 
Published: January 2025

Purpose Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome (SOS)/veno-occlusive disease (VOD) is a serious complication in hematopoietic stem-cell transplant (HSCT) patients. Gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) and InO are known to cause SOS/VOD in leukemic and transplant populations. Due to limited data on ursodiol prophylaxis in non-HSCT patients, we aimed to assess hepatotoxicity, SOS/VOD incidences, time to hepatotoxicity, and confirmed SOS/VOD in adults receiving GO or InO ± ursodiol. Methods A multicenter, retrospective chart review of adult acute leukemia patients who received ≥1 dose of GO or InO at DFCI/some of the Harvard Cancer Centers during 4-year period (9/1/2017–9/1/2021). Acute promyelocytic leukemia patients and post-GO or InO HSCT-recipients (100-day follow-up period) were excluded. Descriptive summaries are provided, direct comparisons were made using Student T-test (continuous variables) and Fisher's exact test (categorical variables). Results In our population (N = 82), 87.8% received ursodiol and 12.2% did not. There were no significant differences in baseline to peak hepatic labs. The No-Ursodiol Group had higher incidence of Grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) transaminitis vs. the Ursodiol Group (60% vs. 20.8%; p = 0.015), and a trend towards shorter mean time to Grade 3 AST transaminitis (18.5 vs. 23.8 days; p = 0.30). Moreover, 4.2% of Ursodiol Group developed SOS/VOD vs. 0% in the No-Ursodiol Group (NS). Three patients developed SOS/VOD: 2 received GO, 1 received InO, and 2 were alive by the end of the follow-up period. Conclusion In our cohort, ursodiol prophylaxis in adults receiving GO/InO is not associated with lower incidences of hepatotoxicity, SOS/VOD, or time to Grade 3 AST transaminitis, but is associated with decreased incidence of AST elevations.