bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOREALM—An ontology of comparative biogeography: New insights into the semantics of biodiversity conservation
Authors: Ung Visotheary , Buttigieg Pier Luigi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimWe aimed to apply ontological techniques to address semantic ambiguities in protected area and conservation informatics. By doing so, we aimed to create a coherent, machine‐actionable semantic representation of the biogeographic areas (which often overlap protected areas) to support more efficient and standardized informatics, supporting research and decision‐making. We present BIOREALM, the first informatic ontology for comparative biogeography.LocationGlobal.TaxonAny taxon can be integrated in BIOREALM.MethodsWe convert a cladogram of biogeographic areas—generated by a process known as bioregionalization—into a series of ontological classes. Areas of endemism are treated as formal objects related by hierarchical relationships and constrained by a condition of monophyly. We use semantic web approaches to extend the Environment Ontology (ENVO) with classes for (often semantically confounded) biogeographic entities, including biogeographic areas, areas of endemism and endemic areas. We applied this approach to a bioregionalization of Australia as a case study. In all, 20 subregions which are part of the Austral Bioregionalisation Atlas have been selected for the study and integrated in BIOREALM.ResultsWe have created an ontology—formatted in the Web Ontology Language and adhering to the practices of the Open Biomedical and Biological Ontology Foundry—which provides a rigorous, extensible and machine‐actionable framework that can improve biogeographic analyses and interoperability between systems. One main class and 20 individuals per class were implemented.Main ConclusionsBIOREALM encodes a model‐theoretic view of endemism using semantic web approaches, offering new avenues to express and analyse biogeographic units. This approach offers a means to identify monophyletic biogeographic areas for conservation, based on specific combinations of monophyletic endemic taxa. Such an ontology provides knowledge representation solutions which supports interoperability along the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, thus fostering more consistent ecological informatics.
Tumour induction in BALB/c mice for imaging studies: An improved protocol
Authors: Amini Abolfazl , Mesbah Gholamreza , Tash Shamsabadi Fatemeh , Zeyghami Mohammad Ali , Safdari Yaghoub 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDealing with nude mice, which lack thymus and therefore are sensitive to unsterile conditions, needs special care and laboratory conditions. For preclinical studies, especially tumour imaging purposes, in which therapeutic properties of drugs or therapeutic compounds are not studied, mice with normal immune system can be a favourable alternative if they carry tumours of interest. In the current study, we introduce an optimized protocol for induction of human tumours in BALB/c mice for preclinical studies. Immune system of BALB/c mice was suppressed by administration of cyclosporine A (CsA), ketoconazole and cyclophosphamide. The tumours of MDA‐MB‐231, A‐431 and U‐87‐MG human cancer cells were induced by subcutaneous injection of the cells to the immunosuppressed mice. Tumour size was calculated weekly. Histopathological and metastatic analyses were performed using haematoxylin and eosin staining. The combination of the three drugs was found to suppress immune system and decrease the numbers of white blood cells, including lymphocytes. At the eighth week, tumours with a dimension of approximately 1400 mm3 developed. Large atypical nuclei with scant cytoplasm were found to exist using histopathological analysis. No metastasis was observed in the tumour‐bearing mice. A combination of CsA, ketoconazole and cyclophosphamide can be used to suppress the immune system in BALB/c mice and induce tumours with significant size.
Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing study of subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects and patients with periodontitis from four different countries
Authors: Arredondo A. , Àlvarez G. , Isabal S. , Teughels W. , Laleman I. , Contreras M. J. , Isbej L. , Huapaya E. , Mendoza G. , Mor C. , Nart J. , Blanc V. , León R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the differences between the subgingival microbiota of healthy subjects (HS) and periodontitis patients (PP) from four different countries through a metagenomic approach.Materials and MethodsSubgingival samples were obtained from subjects from four different countries. Microbial composition was analysed through high‐throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The country of origin, diagnosis and clinical and demographic variables of the subjects were used to analyse the microbial profiles.ResultsIn total, 506 subgingival samples were analysed: 196 from HS and 310 from patients with periodontitis. Differences in richness, diversity and microbial composition were observed when comparing samples pertaining to different countries of origin and different subject diagnoses. Clinical variables, such as bleeding on probing, did not significantly affect the bacterial composition of the samples. A highly conserved core of microbiota associated with periodontitis was detected, while the microbiota associated with periodontally HS was much more diverse.ConclusionsPeriodontal diagnosis of the subjects was the main variable explaining the composition of the microbiota in the subgingival niche. Nevertheless, the country of origin also had a significant impact on the microbiota and is therefore an important factor to consider when describing subgingival bacterial communities.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and high‐effort coping in childhood: evidence of skin‐deep resilience
Authors: Ehrlich Katherine B. , Lyle Sarah M. , Corallo Kelsey L. , Brisson Julie M. , Wiggins Elizabeth R. , Yu Tianyi , Chen Edith , Miller Gregory E. , Brody Gene H. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLow socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for poor outcomes across development. Recent evidence suggests that, although psychosocial resilience among youth living in low‐SES households is common, such expressions of resilience may not extend to physical health. Questions remain about when these diverging mental and physical health trajectories emerge. The current study hypothesized that skin‐deep resilience – a pattern wherein socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to better mental health but worse physical health for individuals with John Henryism high‐effort coping – is already present in childhood.MethodsAnalyses focus on 165 Black and Latinx children (Mage = 11.5) who were free of chronic disease and able to complete study procedures. Guardians provided information about their SES. Children reported on their John Henryism high‐effort coping behaviors. They also provided reports of their depressed and anxious mood, which were combined into a composite of internalizing symptoms. Children's cardiometabolic risk was captured as a composite reflecting high levels of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ResultsAmong youth who reported using John Henryism high‐effort coping, SES risk was unrelated to internalizing symptoms and was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, for youth who did not engage in high‐effort coping, SES risk was positively associated with internalizing symptoms and was unrelated to cardiometabolic risk.ConclusionsFor youth with high‐effort coping tendencies, socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to cardiometabolic risk. Public health efforts to support at‐risk youth must consider both mental and physical health consequences associated with striving in challenging contexts.
Upadacitinib for moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: Stratified analysis from three randomized phase 3 trials by key baseline characteristics
Authors: Thyssen J. P. , Thaçi D. , Bieber T. , Gooderham M. , de Bruin‐Weller M. , Soong W. , Kabashima K. , Barbarot S. , Luna P. C. , Xu J. , Hu X. , Liu Y. , Raymundo E. M. , Calimlim B. M. , Nduaka C. , Gamelli A. , Simpson E. L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous inflammatory skin disease with different clinical phenotypes based on factors such as age, race, comorbidities, and clinical signs and symptoms. The effect of these factors on therapeutic responses in AD has only been scarcely studied and not for upadacitinib. Currently, there is no biomarker predicting response to upadacitinib.ObjectivesEvaluate the efficacy of the oral Janus kinase inhibitor upadacitinib across patient subgroups (baseline demographics, disease characteristics and prior treatment) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD.MethodsData from phase 3 studies (Measure Up 1, Measure Up 2 and AD Up) were utilized for this post hoc analysis. Adults and adolescents with moderate‐to‐severe AD were randomized to receive once daily oral upadacitinib 15 mg, upadacitinib 30 mg or placebo; patients enrolled in the AD Up study received concomitant topical corticosteroids. Data from the Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2 studies were integrated.ResultsA total of 2584 patients were randomized. A consistently greater proportion of patients achieved at least 75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index, a 0 or 1 on the validated Investigator Global Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis, and improvement in itch (including an achievement of a reduction of ≥4; and score of 0/1 in Worst Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale) with upadacitinib compared with placebo at Week 16, regardless of age, sex, race, body mass index, AD severity, body surface area involvement, history of atopic comorbidities or asthma, or previous exposure to systemic therapy or cyclosporin.ConclusionsUpadacitinib had consistently high skin clearance rates and itch efficacy across subgroups of patients with moderate‐to‐severe AD through Week 16. These results support upadacitinib as a suitable treatment option in a variety of patients.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT03569293 (Measure Up 1), NCT03607422 (Measure Up 2) and NCT03568318 (AD Up).
Problems with hierarchy and problems with tradition: The critique of male power in Afro‐Brazilian capoeira
Authors: González Varela Sergio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article examines the critique of male power in Afro‐Brazilian capoeira. Capoeira is a practice that combines elements of music, dance, fight, and art. In the last twenty years, it has experienced unprecedented global expansion. Therefore, people in Brazil and abroad have begun questioning the hierarchies of power and knowledge that traditionally have structured groups around the figure of a mestre (a male leader). The article comparatively explores the tensions between the meaning of “tradition” and recent cultural innovations in capoeira groups. It focuses on women's importance in reconfiguring capoeira in the last ten years in Brazil and how they challenge a male‐centered perspective of this art through a resignification of history and cultural practice.
Painful temporomandibular disorders in Confucian‐heritage cultures: Their inter‐relationship with bodily pain, psychological well‐being and distress
Authors: Yap Adrian Ujin , Lee Darren Zong Ru 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common and affect individuals negatively.ObjectivesThis study investigated the inter‐relationship of painful TMDs with bodily pain, psychological well‐being and distress in young people from a Confucian‐heritage culture (CHC).MethodsAdolescents/young adults were recruited from a polytechnic in Singapore. While the presence/severity of painful TMDs and bodily pain were established with the DC/TMD Pain Screener (TPS) and Maciel's Pain Inventory, psychological well‐being and distress were evaluated with the Scales of Psychological Well‐being‐18 (SPWB‐18) and Patient Health Questionnaire‐4 (PHQ‐4). Statistical explorations were conducted using chi‐square/Mann–Whitney U tests, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression analyses (α = .05).ResultsAmong the 225 participants (mean age 20.1 ± 3.9 years) examined, 11.6% had painful TMDs and 68.9% experienced multisite bodily pain. Though painful TMDs were accompanied by a higher occurrence of multisite bodily pain, the overall/discrete number of bodily pain sites did not differ substantially between the ‘no TMD pain’ (NT) and ‘with TMD pain’ (WT) groups. Besides ear pain, differences in overall/discrete bodily pain scores were also insignificant. However, significant differences in environmental mastery, overall psychological distress, depression and anxiety subscale scores were discerned between the NT and WT groups. Psychological well‐being and distress were moderately and negatively correlated (rs = −.56). Multivariate analysis indicated that ear pain and psychological distress increased the prospect of painful TMDs.ConclusionThe prevalence of multi‐site bodily pain was high in young people from CHCs irrespective of the painful TMDs’ presence of painful TMDs. Enhancing environmental mastery and relieving depression/anxiety may help manage TMD pain.
Genome‐wide variant analyses reveal new patterns of admixture and population structure in Australian dingoes
Authors: Cairns Kylie M. , Crowther Mathew S. , Parker Heidi G. , Ostrander Elaine A. , Letnic Mike 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdmixture between species is a cause for concern in wildlife management. Canids are particularly vulnerable to interspecific hybridisation, and genetic admixture has shaped their evolutionary history. Microsatellite DNA testing, relying on a small number of genetic markers and geographically restricted reference populations, has identified extensive domestic dog admixture in Australian dingoes and driven conservation management policy. But there exists a concern that geographic variation in dingo genotypes could confound ancestry analyses that use a small number of genetic markers. Here, we apply genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping to a set of 402 wild and captive dingoes collected from across Australia and then carry out comparisons to domestic dogs. We then perform ancestry modelling and biogeographic analyses to characterise population structure in dingoes and investigate the extent of admixture between dingoes and dogs in different regions of the continent. We show that there are at least five distinct dingo populations across Australia. We observed limited evidence of dog admixture in wild dingoes. Our work challenges previous reports regarding the occurrence and extent of dog admixture in dingoes, as our ancestry analyses show that previous assessments severely overestimate the degree of domestic dog admixture in dingo populations, particularly in south‐eastern Australia. These findings strongly support the use of genome‐wide SNP genotyping as a refined method for wildlife managers and policymakers to assess and inform dingo management policy and legislation moving forwards.
Circadian and sex differences in post‐ischemic vasodilation and reactive hyperemia in young individuals and elderly with and without type 2 diabetes
Authors: Gentilin Alessandro , Moghetti Paolo , Cevese Antonio , Mattioli Anna Vittoria , Schena Federico , Tarperi Cantor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveCardiovascular events show morning preference and sex differences, and are related to aging and type 2 diabetes. We assessed circadian variations and sex differences in vascular conductance (VC) and blood flow (BF) regulations following a brief bout of forearm ischemia.MethodsYoung healthy individuals (H18‐30) and elderly without (H50‐80) and with type 2 diabetes (T2DM50‐80) of both sexes were included. Forearm VC and BF, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline and following circulatory reperfusion were measured at 6 a.m. and 9 p.m.ResultsIn the morning compared to evening, following reperfusion, the VC and BF increments were similar in H18‐30 (p>.71), but lower in H50‐80 (p<.001) and T2DM50‐80 (p<.01). VC and BF following circulatory reperfusion were higher in men than women in H18‐30 (p<.001), but similar between sexes in the older groups (p>.23).ConclusionsForearm vasodilation following reperfusion is attenuated in the morning in the elderly, impairing BF towards an ischemic area. Diabetes does not affect the circadian regulation of VC and BF, but that of MAP. There are sex differences in VC and BF at baseline and after circulatory reperfusion at a young age, being greater in men, which disappear with aging without being affected by diabetes.
Response to Letter to the Editor
Authors: Cajander Per , Omari Taher , Scheinin Harry , Scheinin Mika , Savilampi Johanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIt is crucial to consider the possible influence of anesthetic agents on esophageal function testing. Dexmedetomidine has been shown to affect primary peristalsis during esophageal manometry. In the two case reports presented by Toaz et al., secondary peristalsis during FLIP panometry was also affected. This may be attributed to an alternate pharmacodynamic effect, with a transient direct α2‐mediated effect on esophageal smooth muscle, associated with a high plasma concentration following bolus injection, prior to the onset of sympathetic inhibition.
Intestinal bacteria associated with irritable bowel syndrome and chronic fatigue
Authors: El‐Salhy Magdy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe etiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is unknown. Abnormal intestinal bacterial profiles and low bacterial diversity appear to play important roles in the pathophysiology of IBS. This narrative review was designed to present recent observations made relating to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which implicate possible roles of 11 intestinal bacteria in the pathophysiology of IBS. The intestinal abundances of nine of these bacteria increased after FMT in patients with IBS, and these increases were inversely correlated with IBS symptoms and fatigue severity. These bacteria wereAlistipesspp.,Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Eubacterium biforme,Holdemanella biformis,Prevotellaspp.,Bacteroides stercoris,Parabacteroides johnsonii,Bacteroides zoogleoformans, andLactobacillusspp. The intestinal abundances of two bacteria were decreased in patients with IBS after FMT and were correlated with the severity of IBS symptoms and fatigue (Streptococcus thermophilusandCoprobacillus cateniformis). Ten of these bacteria are anaerobic and one (Streptococcus thermophilus) is facultative anaerobic. Several of these bacteria produce short‐chain fatty acids, especially butyrate, which is used as an energy source by large intestine epithelial cells. Moreover, it modulates the immune response and hypersensitivity of the large intestine and decreases intestinal cell permeability and intestinal motility. These bacteria could be used as probiotics to improve these conditions. Protein‐rich diets could increase the intestinal abundance ofAlistipes, and plant‐rich diet could increase the intestinal abundance ofPrevotellaspp., and consequently improve IBS and fatigue.
Abrupt and acclimation responses to changing temperature elicit divergent physiological effects in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Rehder Linda , Rost Björn , Rokitta Sebastian D. 
Published: May 2023

Summary

Growth rates and other biomass traits of phytoplankton are strongly affected by temperature. We hypothesized that resulting phenotypes originate from deviating temperature sensitivities of underlying physiological processes.

We used membrane‐inlet mass spectrometry to assess photosynthetic and respiratory O2 and CO2 fluxes in response to abrupt temperature changes as well as after acclimation periods in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.

Abrupt temperature changes caused immediate over‐ or undershoots in most physiological processes, that is, photosynthetic oxygen release (), photosynthetic carbon uptake (), and respiratory oxygen release (). Over acclimation timescales, cells were, however, able to re‐adjust their physiology and revert to phenotypic ‘sweet spots’.

Respiratory CO2 release () was generally inhibited under high temperature and stimulated under low‐temperature settings, on abrupt as well as acclimation timescales. Such behavior may help mitochondria to stabilize plastidial ATP : NADPH ratios and thus maximize photosynthetic carbon assimilation.
3D‐printed temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined prosthesis: A prospective study
Authors: Zheng Jisi , Huo Liang , Jiao Zixian , Wei Xiang , Bu Lingtong , Jiang Wenbo , Luo Yi , Chen Minjie , Yang Chi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to introduce and evaluate a new customized temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined prosthesis with 3D printing fabrication.Materials and MethodsThis was a prospective study including patients with temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined lesions. A 3D‐printed customized temporomandibular joint‐mandible combined prosthesis was implanted to repair the joint and jaw defect. Clinical follow‐up and radiographic examinations were taken to assess the clinical efficacy. The assessment indices were compared by the Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsEight patients were treated with the combined prosthesis and included in this study. All prostheses were accurately positioned and fixed without wound infection, prosthesis exposure, displacement, loosening, or fracture. All cases had no mass recurrence at the last follow‐up point. Pain, diet, mandibular function, lateral mandibular movement to the diseased side, and maximal interincisal opening showed significant improvements at every follow‐up point and went to a stable condition at 6 months after the operation. But the lateral movement to the non‐operated side was still limited following surgery.ConclusionThe 3D‐printed combined prosthesis may be an alternative to other well‐established reconstructions for temporomandibular joint and mandible defects.
A cross‐sectional study on activity impairment in primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Yenissoy Yıldız , Altıngöz Elif Naz , Kapusuz Aysun , Abacar Kerem , Tatlı Imren , Türe‐Özdemir Filiz , Karacaylı Umit , Yay Meral , Direskeneli Haner , Fortune Farida , Inanc Nevsun , Mumcu Gonca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to show relations between activity impairment and salivary gland involvement for patient empowerment in primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS).MethodsIn the study, 86 patients with pSS were included. The data were collected through clinical examinations and a questionnaire regarding Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), EULAR Sjogren's syndrome patient‐reported index (ESSPRI) and Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14). Relations were analysed by using mediation and moderation analyses. In simple mediation analysis, an independent variable (X) influences outcome variable (Y) through a mediator variable (M) whereas a moderator variable (W) affects the direction of the relationship between the dependent (Y) and independent variables (X).ResultsIncreases in ESSPRI‐Dryness score (X) (p = 0.0189) and OHIP‐14 score (M) (p = 0.0004) were associated with the poor WPAI activity impairment score (Y) in the first mediation analysis. The WPAI activity impairment score was mediated by the elevated ESSPRI‐Fatigue score (X) (p = 0.03641) and low U‐SFR (M) (p = 0.0000) in the second mediation analysis. In addition, ESSPRI‐Pain score (W) was the significant moderator for WPAI activity impairment (Y) in patients without hyposalivation in the moderation analysis (p = 0.0010).ConclusionWPAI activity impairment was affected by both ESSPRI‐Dryness with OHRQoL and ESSPRI‐Fatigue with SFR in glandular involvement.