bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression literacy and misconceptions scale (DepSter): a new two-factorial tool for measuring beliefs about depression
Authors: Kulwicka Katarzyna , Gasiorowska Agata 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Depression literacy has received extensive attention within mental health research. It has been studied by different social groups and professions in Western and non-Western cultures. The importance of this topic stems from the fact that depression literacy is strongly related to attitudes toward people who are diagnosed with depression, the tendency to stigmatize this mental disorder, and to the propensity to undertake help-seeking behaviors. Therefore, understanding and promoting depression literacy is crucial in contemporary mental health prevention and promotion. We propose a new two-factorial tool measuring beliefs about depression. This 14-item self-report measure captures how people vary across two dimensions of beliefs about depression—depression literacy and misconceptions about depression.

Methods
In ten studies with a total sample of over 4,600 participants from three countries, we demonstrated the two-factorial structure of the Depression Literacy and Misconceptions Scale (DepSter) in Polish (Studies 1 and 2), American (Study 4), and British (Study 5) samples. We showed measurement equivalence for the Polish and English versions of the scale (Study 3). Furthermore, we tested the discriminant meaning of the two dimensions of beliefs about depression analyzing its association with health literacy, mental health literacy, and prejudice toward people with mental illness (Study 4), depression literacy and depression stigma (Study 5), empathetic concerns (Study 7), social dominance orientation (Study 8), and the Big Five personality traits (Study 9). We also investigated whether individuals with formal education in psychology and direct or indirect experience with depression demonstrate a higher level of depression literacy and a lower level of misconceptions about depression (Study 6). Our measure showed high stability for two dimensions of beliefs about depression (Study 10), in both its Polish and English versions, with the measurement conducted after three weeks and three months.

Discussion
We conclude that the proposed approach to beliefs about depression capturing both depression literacy and misconceptions about depression measured with the DepSter scale can easily be applied in clinical and social settings, especially in studies concerning the perception of those diagnosed with depression.
Severe pediatric adenoviral pneumonia combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Huang Shuihua , Zhang Shengxin , Yuan Lin , Zhuo Zhiqiang , Wu Xingdong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of severe pediatric adenoviral pneumonia combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of five children clinically diagnosed with severe adenoviral pneumonia combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis at Xiamen Children’s Hospital.

Results
These five children included one boy and four girls, with ages of onset ranging from 8 months and 15 days to 2 years and 2 months. All of them had fever with a mean duration of 11–35 days and cough. Pulmonary imaging was performed, which revealed solid pulmonary opacification in all five children, pleural effusion in two children, and emphysema and multiple small cavity formations in one child. Multiple microbiological tests were performed on the 5 children, and adenovirus was positive in the alveolar lavage fluid for the first time, and aspergillus culture was positive in the second test. On tracheoscopy, the bronchial mucosa was seen to be congested and edematous or pale and eroded; white moss-like material was seen adhering to the tracheal wall or even blocking the airway. The five children were treated with a combination of two or more broad-spectrum antimicrobials, glucocorticoids, and gamma globulins and underwent bronchoscopy. Voriconazole was added in the treatment regimen after the diagnosis of aspergillosis (28–34 days of treatment). Four of the children were discharged in good condition with a mean total length of hospital stay of 17–47 days. The other child leave against medical advice. Follow-up 3–5 months after discharge showed that one child had been cured; two children had developed obliterative bronchiolitis; one child had developed bronchiectasis; and the remaining child who had been discharged spontaneously was not contactable via telephone.

Conclusions
Immune disorders and antibiotic and steroid treatments for adenovirus infection are high-risk factors for secondary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in children. Prolonged fever and cough are the main manifestations, but which lack specificity, and bronchoscopic mucosal-specific injury evaluation and alveolar lavage fluid culture are helpful in the diagnosis of aspergillosis. The long-term prognosis of severe pediatric adenoviral pneumonia combined with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis maybe poor.
Evaluation of the simulation based training quality assurance tool (SBT-QA10) as a measure of learners’ perceptions during the action phase of simulation
Authors: Ekelund Kim , O’Regan Stephanie , Dieckmann Peter , Østergaard Doris , Watterson Leonie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In an earlier interview-based study the authors identified that learners experience one or more of eight explicit perceptual responses during the active phase of simulation-based training (SBT) comprising a sense: of belonging to instructor and group, of being under surveillance, of having autonomy and responsibility for patient management, of realism, of an understanding of the scenario in context, of conscious mental effort, of control of attention, and of engagement with task. These were adapted into a ten-item questionnaire: the Simulation Based Training Quality Assurance Tool (SBT-QA10) to allow monitoring of modifiable factors that may impact upon learners’ experiences. This study assessed the construct validity evidence of the interpretation of the results when using SBT-QAT10.

Materials and methods
Recently graduated doctors and nurses participating in a SBT course on the topic of the deteriorating patient completed the SBT-QAT10 immediately following their participation in the scenarios. The primary outcome measure was internal consistency of the questionnaire items and their correlation to learners’ satisfaction scores. A secondary outcome measure compared the impact of allocation to active versus observer role.

Results
A total of 349 questionnaires were returned by 96 course learners. The median of the total score for the ten perception items (TPS) was 39 (out of 50), with no significant difference between the scenarios. We identified fair and positive correlations between nine of the 10 items and the SBT-QA10-TPS, the exception being “mental effort”. Compared to observers, active learners reported significantly more positive perceptions related to belonging to the team and interaction with the instructor, their sense of acting independently, and being focused. The questionnaire items were poorly correlated with the two measures of global satisfaction.

Conclusion
Except for the item for mental effort, the QA10-TPS measures learners’ experiences during the active phase of simulation scenarios that are associated with a positive learning experience. The tool may have utility to learners, instructors, and course providers by informing subsequent debriefing and reflection upon practice for learners and faculty. The relationship between these perceptions and commonly used measures of satisfaction remains poorly understood raising questions about the value of the latter.
The case for citizen science in public health policy and practice: a mixed methods study of policymaker and practitioner perspectives and experiences
Authors: Marks Leah , Smith Ben J. , Mitchell Jo , Laird Yvonne , Rowbotham Samantha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Citizen science (CS) is increasingly being utilised to involve the public in public health research, but little is known about whether and how CS can address the needs of policy and practice stakeholders in health promotion and chronic disease prevention.

Methods
Using a mixed methods approach we conducted an online survey (n = 83) and semi-structured interviews (n = 21) with policy and practice stakeholders across Australia to explore how CS approaches are perceived and applied in chronic disease prevention, how CS aligns with existing approaches to community engagement, and how the uptake of CS can be supported within policy and practice settings.

Results
Most participants had heard of CS, and while few had experience of using CS, there was widespread support for this approach, with many seeing it as complementary to other community engagement approaches. CS was seen as providing: (a) a robust framework for engagement; (b) access to rich data; (c) opportunities for more meaningful engagement; and (d) a mutually beneficial approach for stakeholders and community members. However, stakeholders identified a need to weigh benefits against potential risks and challenges including competing organisational priorities, resourcing and expertise, data quality and rigour, governance, and engagement.

Conclusions
To expand the use of CS, stakeholders identified the need for increased awareness, acceptance, and capacity for CS within public health organisations, greater access to supporting tools and technology, and evidence on processes, feasibility and impacts to enhance the visibility and legitimacy of CS approaches.
Phenolic compounds as Nrf2 inhibitors: potential applications in cancer therapy
Authors: Sharifi-Rad Javad , Seidel Veronique , Izabela Michalak , Monserrat-Mequida Margalida , Sureda Antoni , Ormazabal Valeska , Zuniga Felipe A. , Mangalpady Shivaprasad Shetty , Pezzani Raffaele , Ydyrys Alibek , Tussupbekova Gulmira , Martorell Miquel , Calina Daniela , Cho William C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and involves an oxidative stress mechanism. The transcription factor Nrf2 has a crucial role in cytoprotective response against oxidative stress, including cancer growth and progression and therapy resistance. For this reason, inhibitors of Nrf2 are new targets to be studied. Traditional plant-based remedies rich in phytochemicals have been used against human cancers and phenolic compounds are known for their chemopreventive properties. This comprehensive review offers an updated review of the role of phenolic compounds as anticancer agents due to their action on Nrf2 inhibition. In addition, the role of naturally-occurring bioactive anticancer agents are covered in the clinical applications of polyphenols as Nrf2 inhibitors.
Socioeconomic position and the influence of food portion size on daily energy intake in adult females: two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Langfield Tess , Clarke Katie , Marty Lucile , Jones Andrew , Robinson Eric 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Reducing portion sizes of commercially available foods could be an effective public health strategy to reduce population energy intake, but recent research suggests that the effect portion size has on energy intake may differ based on socioeconomic position (SEP).

Objective
We tested whether the effect of reducing food portion sizes on daily energy intake differed based on SEP.

Methods
Participants were served either smaller or larger portions of food at lunch and evening meals (N = 50; Study 1) and breakfast, lunch and evening meals (N = 46; Study 2) in the laboratory on two separate days, in repeated-measures designs. The primary outcome was total daily energy intake (kcal). Participant recruitment was stratified by primary indicators of SEP; highest educational qualification (Study 1) and subjective social status (Study 2), and randomisation to the order portion sizes were served was stratified by SEP. Secondary indicators of SEP in both studies included household income, self-reported childhood financial hardship and a measure accounting for total years in education.

Results
In both studies, smaller (vs larger) meal portions led to a reduction in daily energy intake (ps < .02). Smaller portions resulted in a reduction of 235 kcal per day (95% CI: 134, 336) in Study 1 and 143 kcal per day (95% CI: 24, 263) in Study 2. There was no evidence in either study that effects of portion size on energy intake differed by SEP. Results were consistent when examining effects on portion-manipulated meal (as opposed to daily) energy intake.

Conclusions
Reducing meal portion sizes could be an effective way to reduce overall daily energy intake and contrary to other suggestions it may be a socioeconomically equitable approach to improving diet.

Trial registration
These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05173376 and NCT05399836.
Attenuation of reverse transcriptase facilitates SAMHD1 restriction of HIV-1 in cycling cells
Authors: Tsai Ming-Han C. , Caswell Sarah J. , Morris Elizabeth R. , Mann Melanie C. , Pennell Simon , Kelly Geoff , Groom Harriet C. T. , Taylor Ian A. , Bishop Kate N. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase that restricts replication of HIV-1 in differentiated leucocytes. HIV-1 is not restricted in cycling cells and it has been proposed that this is due to phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 in these cells inactivating the enzymatic activity. To distinguish between theories for how SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 in differentiated but not cycling cells, we analysed the effects of substitutions at T592 on restriction and dNTP levels in both cycling and differentiated cells as well as tetramer stability and enzymatic activity in vitro.

Results
We first showed that HIV-1 restriction was not due to SAMHD1 nuclease activity. We then characterised a panel of SAMHD1 T592 mutants and divided them into three classes. We found that a subset of mutants lost their ability to restrict HIV-1 in differentiated cells which generally corresponded with a decrease in triphosphohydrolase activity and/or tetramer stability in vitro. Interestingly, no T592 mutants were able to restrict WT HIV-1 in cycling cells, despite not being regulated by phosphorylation and retaining their ability to hydrolyse dNTPs. Lowering dNTP levels by addition of hydroxyurea did not give rise to restriction. Compellingly however, HIV-1 RT mutants with reduced affinity for dNTPs were significantly restricted by wild-type and T592 mutant SAMHD1 in both cycling U937 cells and Jurkat T-cells. Restriction correlated with reverse transcription levels.

Conclusions
Altogether, we found that the amino acid at residue 592 has a strong effect on tetramer formation and, although this is not a simple “on/off” switch, this does correlate with the ability of SAMHD1 to restrict HIV-1 replication in differentiated cells. However, preventing phosphorylation of SAMHD1 and/or lowering dNTP levels by adding hydroxyurea was not enough to restore restriction in cycling cells. Nonetheless, lowering the affinity of HIV-1 RT for dNTPs, showed that restriction is mediated by dNTP levels and we were able to observe for the first time that SAMHD1 is active and capable of inhibiting HIV-1 replication in cycling cells, if the affinity of RT for dNTPs is reduced. This suggests that the very high affinity of HIV-1 RT for dNTPs prevents HIV-1 restriction by SAMHD1 in cycling cells.
The interactions between PML nuclear bodies and small and medium size DNA viruses
Authors: Ryabchenko Boris , Šroller Vojtěch , Horníková Lenka , Lovtsov Alexey , Forstová Jitka , Huérfano Sandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPromyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PM NBs), often referred to as membraneless organelles, are dynamic macromolecular protein complexes composed of a PML protein core and other transient or permanent components. PML NBs have been shown to play a role in a wide variety of cellular processes. This review describes in detail the diverse and complex interactions between small and medium size DNA viruses and PML NBs that have been described to date. The PML NB components that interact with small and medium size DNA viruses include PML protein isoforms, ATRX/Daxx, Sp100, Sp110, HP1, and p53, among others. Interaction between viruses and components of these NBs can result in different outcomes, such as influencing viral genome expression and/or replication or impacting IFN-mediated or apoptotic cell responses to viral infection. We discuss how PML NB components abrogate the ability of adenoviruses or Hepatitis B virus to transcribe and/or replicate their genomes and how papillomaviruses use PML NBs and their components to promote their propagation. Interactions between polyomaviruses and PML NBs that are poorly understood but nevertheless suggest that the NBs can serve as scaffolds for viral replication or assembly are also presented. Furthermore, complex interactions between the HBx protein of hepadnaviruses and several PML NBs-associated proteins are also described. Finally, current but scarce information regarding the interactions of VP3/apoptin of the avian anellovirus with PML NBs is provided. Despite the considerable number of studies that have investigated the functions of the PML NBs in the context of viral infection, gaps in our understanding of the fine interactions between viruses and the very dynamic PML NBs remain. The complexity of the bodies is undoubtedly a great challenge that needs to be further addressed.
Derivation of first-order dissolution rates to estimate particle clearance and burden in the human respiratory tract
Authors: Brown James S. , Diamond Gary L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInhalation is a portal-of-entry for aerosols via the respiratory tract where particulate burden accumulates depending on sites of particle deposition, normal clearance mechanisms, and particle solubility. The time available for dissolution of particles is determined by the balance between the rate of particle clearance from a region and their solubility in respiratory solvents. Dissolution is a function of particle surface area divided by particle volume or mass (i.e., dissolution is inversely proportional to the physical diameter of particles). As a conservative approach, investigators commonly assume the complete and instantaneous dissolution of metals from particles depositing in the alveolar region of the respiratory tract. We derived first-order dissolution rate constants to facilitate biokinetic modeling of particle clearance, dissolution, and absorption into the blood. We then modeled pulmonary burden and total dissolution of particles over time as a function of particle size, density, and solubility. We show that assuming poorly soluble particle forms will enter the blood as quickly as highly soluble forms causes an overestimation of concentrations of the compound of interest in blood and other extrapulmonary tissues while also underestimating its pulmonary burden. We conclude that, in addition to modeling dose rates for particle deposition into the lung, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissues concentrations of moderately and poorly soluble materials can be improved by including estimates of lung burden and particle dissolution over time.
Non-spherical gold nanoparticles enhanced fluorescence of carbon dots for norovirus-like particles detection
Authors: Alzahrani Abdulhakeem , Alsulami Tawfiq , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Ahmed Syed Rahin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Norovirus is a common pathogen that causes foodborne outbreaks every year and the increasing number of deaths caused by it has become a substantial concern in both developed and underdeveloped countries. To date, no vaccines or drugs are able to control the outbreak, highlighting the importance of finding specific, and sensitive detection tools for the viral pathogen. Current diagnostic tests are limited to public health laboratories and/or clinical laboratories and are time-consuming. Hence, a rapid and on-site monitoring strategy for this disease is urgently needed to control, prevent and raise awareness among the general public.

Results
The present study focuses on a nanohybridization technique to build a higher sensitivity and faster detection response to norovirus-like particles (NLPs). Firstly, the wet chemical-based green synthesis of fluorescent carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been reported. Then, a series of characterization studies were conducted on the synthesized carbon dots and Au NPs, for example, high-resolution transmission emission microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence life-lime measurement, UV–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fluorescence emission of the as-synthesized carbon dots and the absorption of Au NPs were located at 440 nm and 590 nm, respectively. Then, the plasmonic properties of Au NPs were utilized to enhance the fluorescence emission of carbon dots in the presence of NLPs in human serum. Here, the enhanced fluorescence response was linearly correlated up to 1 μg mL−1. A limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated to be 80.3 pg mL−1 demonstrating that the sensitivity of the proposed study is 10 times greater than that of the commercial diagnostic kits.

Conclusions
The proposed exciton-plasmon interaction-based NLPs-sensing strategy was highly sensitive, specific, and suitable for controlling upcoming outbreaks. Most importantly, the overall finding in the article will take the technology a step further to applicable point-of-care (POC) devices.