bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of
N
‐Formylamides by Oxidative Cleavage of
N
‐Acylaminoacids
Authors: Kilenyi Nick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

N
‐Formylamides are versatile intermediates for the preparation of pharmacologically‐preferred 1,2,4‐triazole ring system by the Einhorn‐Brunner reaction. They are also important as starting materials for the rather inaccessible enamide and dienamide functional groups, which are found in several highly biologically‐active natural products. This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of N‐formylamides by oxidative cleavage of
N
‐acylaminoacids. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Discussion Addendum for: Asymmetric Michael Reaction of Aldehydes and Nitroalkenes
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for asymmetric Michael reaction of aldehydes and nitroalkenes. Regarding the Michael reaction of aldehydes and nitroalkenes, an aldehyde lacking substitution at the α‐position, such as acetaldehyde, can be successfully employed as a Michael donor, affording the product with excellent enantioselectivity. The chapter also presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It then describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Preparation of MIDA Anhydride and Reaction with Boronic Acids
Authors: Chen Peng‐Jui , Kelly Aidan M. , Blair Daniel J. , Burke* Martin D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of
N
‐methyliminodiactic acid (MIDA) anhydride and reaction with boronic acids. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Boronic acids are amongst the most widely used reagents for the assembly of small organic molecules. The protection of boron with MIDA has broadly enabled the synthesis of many complex MIDA boronate building blocks using transformations otherwise incompatible with boronic acids. MIDA boronates possess an unusual binary affinity for silica gel.
Ethoxypillar[6]arene
Authors: Wilson Chelsea R. , Chen Evan F. W. , Puckett Austia O. , Hof* Fraser 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for synthesis of ethoxypillar[6]arene. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. Pillar[n]arenes are a family of macrocyclic hosts first reported in 2008 that have quickly become an important scaffold in supramolecular chemistry. First made in 2009, pillar[6]arene has become a highly desired analog due to its ability to bind larger, biologically relevant guest molecules.
Organocatalytic Dimerization of Succinaldehyde
Authors: Bennett Steven H. , Aggarwal* Varinder K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the organocatalytic dimerization of succinaldehyde. Mechanistically, the dimerization process proceeds through the formation of an anti‐enamine with succinaldehyde and L‐proline, followed by pseudo‐equatorial approach of a second succinaldehyde to give trialdehyde 5 via transition state 4. The chapter presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
Discussion Addendum for: Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Halides with Alkyl Halides: Ethyl 4‐(4‐(4‐Methylphenylsulfonamido)‐Phenyl)butanoate
Authors: Salgueiro Daniel C. , Ehehalt Lauren E. , Johnson Keywan A. , Weix* Daniel J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter describes the procedure for nickel‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of aryl halides with alkyl halides: ethyl 4‐(4‐(4‐methylphenylsulfonamido)‐phenyl)butanoate. It presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. The chapter also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards. While alkyl halides are far more abundant than alkyl organometallic reagents, the largest commercially available pools of aliphatic electrophile diversity are alcohols, amines, and alkanoic acids.
Preparation of 9‐Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐N‐Oxyl (ABNO)
Authors: Song* Zhiguo J. , Zhou Guoyue , Ye Honglin , Cohen Ryan , Tan Lushi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the procedure for preparation of 9‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane‐N‐oxyl (ABNO). ABNO is an effective catalyst for aerobic oxidation of alcohols to ketones and aldehydes. This type of oxidation is particularly attractive for large scale preparations because of the potential to reduce cost and minimize waste. The chapter presents some of the important points to be considered, the conditions that need to be maintained, characterization data, and the reagents required, as well as the techniques used and the equipment setup that are vital to carrying out the process. It also describes the hazards associated with working with chemicals and the ways to deal with these hazards.
CDC reports stimulant‐involved OD deaths up; Researchers look at why
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: July 2023

Last month in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a dramatic increase in the presence of cocaine and methamphetamine in opioid overdose (OD) deaths. The increase is largely driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl, according to the CDC. Users are getting tired of illicit fentanyl, they try to boost it with methamphetamine (mainly, because methamphetamine is less expensive than cocaine), or find themselves exposed to stimulants when they weren't expecting to be due to sloppy lab techniques, according to a study, “The motives and methods of methamphetamine and ‘heroin’ co‐use in West Virginia,” published July 12 in Harm Reduction Journal (see https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954‐023‐00816‐8 for the full study).
3D HfO2 Thin Film MEMS Capacitor with Superior Energy Storage Properties
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Zhao Huifeng , Yan Tianyi , Ren Wei , Niu Gang , Jiang Zhuangde , Liu Zenghui , Wu Heping , Wang Zhe , Ye Zuo‐Guang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCapacitors are ubiquitous and crucial components in modern technologies. Future microelectronic devices require novel dielectric capacitors with higher energy storage density, higher efficiency, better frequency and temperature stabilities, and compatibility with integrated circuit (IC) processes. Here, in order to overcome these challenges, a novel 3D HfO2 thin film capacitor is designed and fabricated by an integrated microelectromechanical system (MEMS) process. The energy storage density (ESD) of the capacitor reaches 28.94 J cm−3, and the energy storage efficiency of the capacitor is up to 91.3% under an applied electric field of 3.5 MV cm−1. The ESD can be further improved by reducing the minimum period structure size of the 3D capacitor. Moreover, the 3D capacitor exhibits excellent temperature stability (up to 150 °C) and charge‐discharge endurance (107 cycles). The results indicate that the 3D HfO2 thin film MEMS capacitor has enormous potential in energy storage applications in harsh environments, such as pulsed discharge and power conditioning electronics.
Ratiometric Inclusion of Fibroblasts Promotes Both Castration‐Resistant and Androgen‐Dependent Tumorigenic Progression in Engineered Prostate Cancer Tissues
Authors: Habbit Nicole L. , Anbiah Benjamin , Suresh Joshita , Anderson Luke , Davies Megan L. , Hassani Iman , Ghosh Taraswi M. , Greene Michael W. , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Arnold Robert D. , Lipke Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo investigate the ratiometric role of fibroblasts in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, this work establishes a matrix‐inclusive, 3D engineered prostate cancer tissue (EPCaT) model that enables direct coculture of neuroendocrine‐variant castration‐resistant (CPRC‐ne) or androgen‐dependent (ADPC) PCa cells with tumor‐supporting stromal cell types. Results show that the inclusion of fibroblasts within CRPC‐ne and ADPC EPCaTs drives PCa aggression through significant matrix remodeling and increased proliferative cell populations. Interestingly, this is observed to a much greater degree in EPCaTs formed with a small number of fibroblasts relative to the number of PCa cells. Fibroblast coculture also results in ADPC behavior more similar to the aggressive CRPC‐ne condition, suggesting fibroblasts play a role in elevating PCa disease state and may contribute to the ADPC to CRPC‐ne switch. Bulk transcriptomic analyses additionally elucidate fibroblast‐driven enrichment of hallmark gene sets associated with tumorigenic progression. Finally, the EPCaT model clinical relevancy is probed through a comparison to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PCa patient cohort; notably, similar gene set enrichment is observed between EPCaT models and the patient primary tumor transcriptome. Taken together, study results demonstrate the potential of the EPCaT model to serve as a PCa‐mimetic tool in future therapeutic development efforts.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Composite Organohydrogel with Water‐Locking and Anti‐Freezing to Accelerate Wound Healing
Authors: Cai Chao , Zhu Huimin , Chen Yujie , Yuan Xiuqun , Liu Hezhou , Yang Zhi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHydrogels have gained impressive attention in biological medicine due to their excellent biosafety, softness, and varied functional components. However, conventional hydrogels have inherent defects, such as low tensile strength, weak water‐locking, and poor anti‐freezing. In tissue engineering, once the hydrogel loses water or freezes, it will harden the interaction interfaces and destroy the nascent granulation tissue. Herein, based on the design concept of “hard frame−soft penetration”, a composite adhesive organohydrogel is fabricated by introducing bacterial cellulose and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) into a poly‐N‐(tris[hydroxymethyl]methyl)acrylamide (THMA)/N‐acryloyl aspartic acid (AASP) hybrid gel network infiltrated with glycerol/water binary solvent. The resultant organohydrogels exhibit excellent antifreeze properties at low temperatures (−80 °C) and demonstrate stable long‐term water retention (91%) in the open environment within 12 days and can adhere firmly to the tissues by the action of “hydrogen bond clusters”. Additionally, the introduction of bacterial cellulose matrix endows the organohydrogel with high tensile strength similar to that of skin. In vivo, the PRP‐loaded organohydrogel can release a variety of growth factors to accelerate the wound healing process through collagen deposition and angiogenesis. Altogether, this strategy will extend the life of the hydrogel in some harsh medical environments.
Electrochemically Controlled Hydrogels with Electrotunable Permeability and Uniaxial Actuation
Authors: Benselfelt Tobias , Shakya Jyoti , Rothemund Philipp , Lindström Stefan B. , Piper Andrew , Winkler Thomas E. , Hajian Alireza , Wågberg Lars , Keplinger Christoph , Hamedi Mahiar Max 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe unique properties of hydrogels enable the design of life‐like soft intelligent systems. However, stimuli‐responsive hydrogels still suffer from limited actuation control. Direct electronic control of electronically conductive hydrogels can solve this challenge and allow direct integration with modern electronic systems. An electrochemically controlled nanowire composite hydrogel with high in‐plane conductivity that stimulates a uniaxial electrochemical osmotic expansion is demonstrated. This materials system allows precisely controlled shape‐morphing at only −1 V, where capacitive charging of the hydrogel bulk leads to a large uniaxial expansion of up to 300%, caused by the ingress of ≈700 water molecules per electron–ion pair. The material retains its state when turned off, which is ideal for electrotunable membranes as the inherent coupling between the expansion and mesoporosity enables electronic control of permeability for adaptive separation, fractionation, and distribution. Used as electrochemical osmotic hydrogel actuators, they achieve an electroactive pressure of up to 0.7 MPa (1.4 MPa vs dry) and a work density of ≈150 kJ m−3 (2 MJ m−3 vs dry). This new materials system paves the way to integrate actuation, sensing, and controlled permeation into advanced soft intelligent systems.
Chiral Opto‐Fluidics and Plasmonic Nanostructures as a Functional Nanosystem for Manipulating Surface Deformations
Authors: Ma Cuiping , Movsesyan Artur , Jing Zhimin , Zhu Yisong , Li Peihang , Wang Wenhao , Muravitskaya Alina , Govorov Alexander O. , Wang Zhiming 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPhotothermal conversion of energy in plasmonic nanostructures brought a new fascinating field of plasmon‐induced optofluidics to life. Notably, the heat generation by plasmonic nanostructures and consequent fluid convection recently attracted wide attention; however, the possibility of controlling and manipulating liquid surfaces has been sparsely investigated. The plasmon heating and convective fluid flow lead to the emergence of the surface tension gradient on a free liquid surface interface with air, resulting in the Marangoni effect‐driven fluid flow observed as water deformation. Here, nanoscale asymmetric fluid deformation anchored on the chiral plasmon‐induced optofluidic effect is reported on. To understand the fluid dynamics of surface deformation, a theoretical model is developed. The results demonstrate that deformation at different depths can be obtained by adjusting structural parameters or incident light intensity. The fundamental understanding of light‐induced asymmetric deformation will contribute to expanding chirality‐related discipline and open new avenues for controlling fluid flow at the micro‐ or nano‐scale. The proposed method can encourage the research and applications of optofluidics, including integrated fluidic devices, biochemistry, and clinical biology. Moreover, the use of the asymmetric fluid deformation on thermal dewetting of thin films of polymer solutions can be employed for the fabrication of functional and nanopatterned metal/polymer metasurfaces.
Geometrical Designing of a Soft‐Layered Halide Perovskite Improper Photoferroelectric for Boosted Photostriction
Authors: Wu Fafa , Li Xiaoqi , Pan Danmei , Sun Zhihua , Luo Junhua , Liu Xitao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHalide perovskite photoferroelectrics, materials possessing both photosensitive and ferroelectric properties, have motivated tremendous attention in the past decade owing to their distinguishing bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) and cross‐coupled functionalities. Despite the great achievements, the BPVE coupled functionalities are still limited by the geometric origin contradictory of internal order parameters. Herein, by exploiting a geometrical design approach, a soft layered halide perovskite improper photoferroelectric (2FEA)2(EA)2Pb3Br10 (1, where 2FEA is 2,2‐difluoroethylamonium and EA is ethylammonium) has been developed. Crystallographic investigations reveal that the incorporation of large‐size EA cations significantly induces a nonpolar lattice distortion of the inorganic semiconducting framework, which gives rise to a striking improper ferroelectricity. In the soft crystal lattices, driven by the subtle competition and coupling between photoinduced carriers and inorganic lattice distortions, single crystals of 1 display a giant cross‐coupled photostriction with a considerable photostrictive coefficient up to 4.89 × 10−6 m2 W−1, which is larger than the traditional semiconductors and ferroelectrics. This work offers an attractive route to the design of new improper photoferroelectric materials and promotes their further applications in photoelectronic devices.
Recent Progress in Application of Propargylic Alcohols in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Mohammad Mahdavian Amir , Karimian Somaye , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPropargylic alcohols are readily available bifunctional (alkyne and hydroxyl groups) synthons, which recognize as one of the attractive synthetic feedstock in organic transformations. Especially, in recent years the employment of these valuable molecules has frequently been observed in the literature. Hence, the present review highlights recent advancements in the application of propargylic alcohols in the cyclization, substitution, and addition reactions.
Rapid Light Response of a Novel Bi‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Bacterial Wound Infections Treatment
Authors: Wu Lihua , Luo Yue , Wei Hu , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Liang Yanqin , Zhu Shengli , Shen Jie , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBismuth metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts are scarce. Herein, the first MOF comprising meso‐ tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) as an organic ligand and Bi ion as a metal node, denoted as Bi‐TCPP, is synthesized by a convenient one‐step hydrothermal method. Compared to other 2D (Cu‐TCPP) or 3D (PCN‐222) MOFs with TCPP as a ligand, Bi‐TCPP has ultrafast singlet oxygen generation ability and a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 49.5% under the irradiation of 660 nm light. This is due to Bi‐TCPP's strong ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) events that form singlet oxygen (1O2). Further, when the electrons and holes above the bandgap relax to the band edge, the excess energy is converted into heat. In vitro and in vivo experiments show excellent antibacterial and repair effects. Hence, the synthesis of Bi‐TCPP provides new ideas for the study of rare bismuth‐based MOFs, and its excellent biocompatibility provides a possibility for further application.
MET‐Activating Ubiquitin Multimers
Authors: Kawakami Naoya , Sato Hiroki , Terasaka Naohiro , Matsumoto Kunio , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractReceptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are generally activated through their dimerization and/or oligomerization induced by their cognate ligands, and one such RTK hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, known as MET, plays an important role in tissue regeneration. Here we show the development of ubiquitin (Ub)‐based protein ligand multimers, referred to as U‐bodies, which act as surrogate agonists for MET and are derived from MET‐binding macrocyclic peptides. Monomeric Ub constructs (U‐body) were first generated by genetic implantation of a macrocyclic peptide pharmacophore into a structural loop of Ub (lasso‐grafting) and subsequent optimization of its flanking spacer sequences via mRNA display. Such U‐body constructs exhibit potent binding affinity to MET, thermal stability, and proteolytic stability. The U‐body constructs also partially/fully inhibited or enhanced HGF‐induced MET‐phosphorylation. Their multimerization to dimeric, tetrameric, and octameric U‐bodies linked by an appropriate peptide linker yielded potent MET activation activity and downstream cell proliferation‐promoting activity. This work suggests that lasso‐grafting of macrocycles to Ub is an effective approach to devising protein‐based artificial RTK agonists and it can be useful in the development of a new class of biologics for various therapeutic applications.
Student perceptions of remote versus on‐campus gross anatomy laboratories during COVID‐19
Authors: Kendell Alyssa , Limback Kylie , Lester D. Kirk , Rogers Robert S. , Creamer Bradley A. , Dennis Jennifer F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt Kansas City University, anatomy laboratories were delivered via remote (REM) or on‐campus (OC) formats due to COVID‐19, creating an opportunity to evaluate student perceptions of differences in laboratory delivery format. A six‐item survey of Likert scale and open‐ended questions explored the utility of anatomy software, prelab instruction handouts, and prosection reviews. Likert scale validity was analyzed using Cronbach's α; responses were compared among REM and OC formats using Chi‐square. Descriptive codes were applied to summarize responses, which were grouped and converted into percentages. Statistically significant differences in REM versus OC formats were determined for the helpfulness of the prelab handouts (χ2, 28.00; df, 4; p < 0.001) and effectiveness of cadavers in learning anatomy (χ2, 20.58; df, 4; p < 0.0004). Trends in responses noted disagreement in the effectiveness of anatomy software (REM, 69.8%; OC, 51.08%), but agreement with the helpfulness of prosection reviews (REM, 85.9%; OC, 61.6%) (Cronbach α: REM, 0.648; OC, 0.646). Themes from narrative REM comments (n = 496) noted anatomy software was difficult to use (33.1%) and had issues with orientation (15.5%), as well as a student preference for OC laboratories (12.5%). The OC format responses (n = 456) noted poor software design (47.9%), unnecessary for studying (35.4%), and preference for in‐person laboratories (7.4%). Qualitative analysis of narrative comments detailed other resources used, including Complete Anatomy™ and YouTube™. Trends highlighted the prelab handouts and prosection reviews for learning, the ineffectiveness of anatomy software, and a preference for OC laboratories. We highlight student perspectives of REM versus OC laboratory formats in response to COVID‐19.
Discussion of specifying prior distributions in reliability applications
Authors: Coolen Frank P.A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe paper Specifying Prior Distributions in Reliability Applications mainly provides an overview of methods for selecting non‐informative prior distributions for parameters of basic lifetime distributions, as often used in reliability analyses. This discussion raises some related issues and comments on opportunities beyond basic Bayesian statistical methods which may be useful in reliability scenarios. The main emphasis in this discussion is on practical reliability analyses with few data available, where there is often need for informative priors rather than for non‐informative priors, in order to take expert judgement into account. Furthermore, while rather abstract considerations of non‐informativeness of prior distributions is of theoretic interest, in most practical scenarios one aims at decision support, and the influence of assumed priors on the final decisions should be considered, ideally with robustness of the final decision with regard to all priors which are deemed to be reasonable.