bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection increases presence of the Ruminococcus torques group in the gut and alters the microbial proteome
Authors: Tran Na T. D. , Chaidee Apisit , Surapinit Achirawit , Yingklang Manachai , Roytrakul Sitiruk , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Pinlaor Porntip , Hongsrichan Nuttanan , Anutrakulchai Sirirat , Cha’on Ubon , Pinlaor Somchai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe explored the impact of chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection on the gut microbiome and microbial activity in a longitudinal study. At baseline (time-point T0), 42 fecal samples from matched individuals (21 positive for strongyloidiasis and 21 negative) were subjected to microbiome 16S-rRNA sequencing. Those positive at T0 (untreated then because of COVID19 lockdowns) were retested one year later (T1). Persistent infection in these individuals indicated chronic strongyloidiasis: they were treated with ivermectin and retested four months later (T2). Fecal samples at T1 and T2 were subjected to 16S-rRNA sequencing and LC–MS/MS to determine microbial diversity and proteomes. No significant alteration of indices of gut microbial diversity was found in chronic strongyloidiasis. However, the Ruminococcus torques group was highly over-represented in chronic infection. Metaproteome data revealed enrichment of Ruminococcus torques mucin-degrader enzymes in infection, possibly influencing the ability of the host to expel parasites. Metaproteomics indicated an increase in carbohydrate metabolism and Bacteroidaceae accounted for this change in chronic infection. STITCH interaction networks explored highly expressed microbial proteins before treatment and short-chain fatty acids involved in the synthesis of acetate. In conclusion, our data indicate that chronic S. stercoralis infection increases Ruminococcus torques group and alters the microbial proteome.
Load bearing capacity of arch structure in unconsolidated layers
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhu Weihao , Jie Zeqi , Lu Lang , Chen Zetao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCoal mining inevitably results in the movement of overlying strata, with the upward formation of the strata leading to surface subsidence, causing irreversible impact on the buildings, land, and ecological environment. The movement and deformation of the strata are controlled by the bearing structure in the overlying strata, whose failure results in the deformation and breakage of the overlying strata simultaneously. While studies have been conducted on the arch structure in unconsolidated layers (ASUL), its bearing performance has not been addressed. Therefore, this study develops a bearing mechanics model based on the morphological characteristics of the ASUL. The analytical expressions of the axial force, bending moment, and shear force of the cross-sectional area were determined using theoretical derivations. The model analysed the internal forces and showed the influence laws of the overlying load, horizontal pressure coefficient, and rise-to-span ratio of the ASUL. The failure criterion of the bearing was also further determined. The results indicated that with overlying and horizontal loads, the axial force and bending moment are symmetrically distributed, whereas the shear force is asymmetrically distributed. In addition, the axial force gradually increases from the dome to the base of the ASUL. Compared to the axial force and bending moment, the shear force has a lower impact on the stability of the ASUL. Most of the axial force and overlying load is received through the axial compression of the cross-section to maintain stability and play a bearing role on the overlying unconsolidated layers. As the overlying load, horizontal pressure coefficient, and rise-to-span ratio increase, the axial force, bending moment, and shearing force also increase gradually. This effect is more apparent at the dome, spandrel, and base of the ASUL. The stability of the dome and spandrel is key to the overall structural stability. Therefore, the failure criterion for the ASUL was determined based on the compression failure at the dome and spandrel. During the mining process of the working face, the ASUL served as load-bearing control for the overlying unconsolidated layers. Further, increasing width of the working face damages and shifts the base of the ASUL, resulting in compression failure at the dome and spandrel, further inducing dome lift and causing overall failure of the ASUL. Considering the aforementioned factors, a control method that reinforces the surface subsidence of the ASUL by 'one-time, upward, staged, and multiple-ground-drilling' compaction grouting has been proposed. During the mining process of the working face, the arch bead-like structure, combined with the ASUL, serves as the load-bearing control on the overlying strata and ground surface, reducing ASUL deformation in the unconsolidated layers, overlying strata, and ground surface. This process enables the controlling of ground subsidence of coal mining in thick unconsolidated layers.
On the stability & phase locking to a system reference of an optoelectronic oscillator with large delay
Authors: Hasan Mehedi , Nicholls Charles , Hall Trevor 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDelay line oscillators based on photonic components, offer the potential for realization of phase noise levels up to 3 orders of magnitude lower than achievable by conventional microwave sources. Fibreoptic-based delay lines can realize the large delay required for low phase noise systems whilst simultaneously achieving insertion loss levels that can be compensated with available microwave and photonic amplification technologies. Multimode operation is an artefact of the delay line oscillator and introduces modulational instability into phase-locked control loops. An optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with large delay under proportional integral control by a phase-locked loop (PLL) is modelled, providing the first report of the location of all the infinity of poles of the PLL-OEO system function. The first experimental observation of giant phase modulated oscillation of a free OEO and spontaneous giant phase modulated oscillation of a PLL-OEO are also reported and explained respectively as a source and manifestation of modulational instability. Nevertheless, the analysis and experimental observations, including a prototype 10 GHz PLL-OEO phase noise spectral density achieving $$ - 80dBc/Hz {\text{at}} 10 Hz$$

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and $$- 145dBc/Hz {\text{at}} 10 kHz$$

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, demonstrate that stable phase lock operation and optimum phase noise performance is achievable provided full account of the multimode nature of the OEO is taken in the phase lock analysis.
Testing multiple hypotheses on the colour change of treefrogs in response to various external conditions
Authors: Park Chohee , No Seongsoo , Yoo Sohee , Oh Dogeun , Hwang Yerin , Kim Yongsu , Kang Changku 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmphibians are famous for their ability to change colours. And a considerable number of studies have investigated the internal and external factors that affect the expression of this phenotypic plasticity. Evidence to date suggests that thermoregulation and camouflage are the main pressures that influence frogs’ adaptive colour change responses. However, certain gaps in our knowledge of this phenomenon remain, namely: (i) how do frogs adjust their colour in response to continuously changing external conditions?; (ii) what is the direction of change when two different functions of colour (camouflage and thermoregulation) are in conflict?; (iii) does reflectance in the near-infrared region show thermally adaptive change?; and (iv) is the colour change ability of each frog an individual trait (i.e., consistent within an individual over time)? UsingDryophytes japonicus(Hylidae, Hyla), we performed a series of experiments to answer the above questions. We first showed that frogs’ responses to continuously-changing external conditions (i.e., background colour and temperature) were not linear and limited to the range they experience under natural conditions. Second, when a functional conflict existed, camouflage constrained the adaptive response for thermoregulation and vice versa. Third, though both temperature and background colour induced a change in near-infrared reflectance, this change was largely explained by the high correlation between colour (reflectance in the visible spectrum) and near-infrared reflectance. Fourth, within-individual variation in colour change capacity (i.e., the degree of colour change an individual can display) was lower than inter-individual variation, suggesting individuality of colour change capacity; however, we also found that colour change capacity could change gradually with time within individuals. Our results collectively reveal several new aspects of how evolution shapes the colour change process and highlight how variation in external conditions restricts the extent of colour change in treefrogs.
Molecular identification of endophytic fungi in lawn grass (Axonopus compressus) and their pathogenic ability
Authors: Azuddin Nurul Farizah , Mohamad Noor Azmy Mohamad Syahril , Zakaria Latiffah 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLawn grass (Axonopus compressus) is a widely distributed grass species from the family Poaceae that is ubiquitous in Malaysia. We isolated endophytic fungi from the leaves of A. compressus and molecularly identified them as Fusarium parceramosum, Colletotrichum siamense, C. gigasporum, C. endophyticum, Curvularia lunata, Stagonospora bicolor, Calonectria gracilis, and Albifimbria verrucari. These fungal endophytes are considered host generalists, as they have been isolated from other plants and have also been reported to be latent plant pathogens. We tested the pathogenicity of selected endophytic fungal isolates on A. compressus leaves, chili (Capsicum annum), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and found that they were pathogenic to wounded A. compressus leaves with low to moderate virulence, and several were pathogenic to wounded and unwounded chili and tomato fruits. This indicated that the endophytes could infect both vegetable fruits with low to very high virulence. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that endophytic fungi from the leaves of A. compressus can become pathogenic and infect the host and other plant species. The findings also indicated that leaves of A. compressus may harbor pathogens with latent ability that can become active due to changes in environmental conditions, thereby disrupting the balance between host-endophyte antagonism.
Altered norepinephrine transmission after spatial learning impairs sleep-mediated memory consolidation in rats
Authors: Durán Ernesto , Pandinelli Martina , Logothetis Nikos K. , Eschenko Oxana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic use of noradrenergic drugs makes the evaluation of their effects on cognition of high priority. Norepinephrine (NE) is an important neuromodulator for a variety of cognitive processes and may importantly contribute to sleep-mediated memory consolidation. The NE transmission fluctuates with the behavioral and/or brain state and influences associated neural activity. Here, we assessed the effects of altered NE transmission after learning of a hippocampal-dependent task on neural activity and spatial memory in adult male rats. We administered clonidine (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 12 rats) or propranolol (10 mg/kg, i.p.; n = 11) after each of seven daily learning sessions on an 8-arm radial maze. Compared to the saline group (n = 9), the drug-treated rats showed lower learning rates. To assess the effects of drugs on cortical and hippocampal activity, we recorded prefrontal EEG and local field potentials from the CA1 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus for 2 h after each learning session or drug administration. Both drugs significantly reduced the number of hippocampal ripples for at least 2 h. An EEG-based sleep scoring revealed that clonidine made the sleep onset faster while prolonging quiet wakefulness. Propranolol increased active wakefulness at the expense of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Clonidine reduced the occurrence of slow oscillations (SO) and sleep spindles during NREM sleep and altered the temporal coupling between SO and sleep spindles. Thus, pharmacological alteration of NE transmission produced a suboptimal brain state for memory consolidation. Our results suggest that the post-learning NE contributes to the efficiency of hippocampal-cortical communication underlying memory consolidation.
Robotic automation and unsupervised cluster assisted modeling for solving the forward and reverse design problem of paper airplanes
Authors: Obayashi Nana , Junge Kai , Ilić Stefan , Hughes Josie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough often regarded a childhood toy, the design of paper airplanes is subtly complex. The design space and mapping from geometry to distance flown is highly nonlinear and probabilistic where a single airplane design exhibits a multitude of trajectory forms and flight distances. This makes optimization and understanding of their behavior challenging for humans. By understanding the behavior of paper airplanes and predicting flight behavior, there is a potential to improve the design of aerial vehicles that operate at low Reynolds numbers. By developing a robotic system that can fabricate, test, analyze, and model the flight behavior in an unsupervised fashion, a wide design space can be reliably characterized. We find there are discrete behavioral groups that result in different trajectories: nose dive, glide, and recovery glide. Informed by this characterization we propose a method of using Gaussian mixture models to extract the clusters of the design space that map to these different behaviors. This allows us to solve both the forward and reverse design problem for paper airplanes, and also to perform efficient optimization of the geometry for a given target flight distance.
Comparison of carcass condemnation causes in two broiler hybrids differing in growth rates
Authors: Forseth Merete , Moe Randi Oppermann , Kittelsen Käthe , Skjerve Eystein , Toftaker Ingrid 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExperimental studies concluded that genetic factors enabling fast growth rate might negatively affect broiler health and welfare. Recently, the proportion of slower-growing broilers has been increasing. However, studies of health in broilers with different growth rates in commercial systems are still scarce. This repeated cross-sectional study aimed to describe causes of carcass condemnations in two broiler hybrids with different growth rates, Ross 308, and Hubbard JA787, and to estimate the effect of hybrid. The study sample consisted of 63,209,415 broilers slaughtered in 4295 batches from 139 farms. All broilers were slaughtered from January 1st, 2015, to June 22nd, 2021, by the same company (Norsk Kylling). All causes of condemnation, except fractures, were more prevalent in Ross 308. The five most common causes (ascites, discolouration, hepatitis, small and skin lesions) were investigated in greater detail, and the effect of hybrid was assessed using mixed effects negative binomial models with the condemnation codes as outcome variables. For the five selected causes, variation in prevalence between slaughter batches was considerable for Ross and minor for Hubbard. The notable differences between hybrids in prevalence and causes of condemnation have important implications for animal health, welfare, economy, and sustainability in broiler production.
First-principle study on the stability of Cd passivates in soil
Authors: Shen Jianglong , Li Juan , Mao Zhongan , Zhang Yang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe stable existence of heavy metals in soil under natural conditions is the core issue in heavy metal pollution solidification and remediation technology. However, the existing research is limited to soil passivation tests of different materials or biochar adsorption tests and cannot reveal the internal mechanism of functional groups of different compounds in soil passivation. This paper takes the common heavy metal ion Cd2+ as an example to analyze the stability of the combination of heavy metal ions and common ion groups in soil. The stability and existing form of Cd are analyzed by using first-principle calculations, and the free energy, band structure, and partial density of states of CdCO3, CdSO4, CdCl2, and CdSiO3 are computed. The stability of Cd binding to common anions in soil is determined. Results show the descending order of structural stability of cadmium compounds is CdSiO3, CdSO4, CdCO3, and CdCl2. SO42− and SiO32− can be used as preferred functional groups for cadmium pollution passivation. Anhydrous sodium sulfate and sodium silicate are promising passivators.
Extending the π-conjugation system of covalent organic frameworks for more efficient photocatalytic H2O2production
Authors: Deng Maojun , Sun Jiamin , Laemont Andreas , Liu Chunhui , Wang Linyang , Bourda Laurens , Chakraborty Jeet , Van Hecke Kristof , Morent Rino , De Geyter Nathalie , Leus Karen , Chen Hui , Van Der Voort Pascal 
Published: March 2023

Three highly crystalline and porous COFs with promising photoredox properties have been prepared.Viaa post-sulfurization process, the imine-linked COFs were converted into thiazole-linked COFs, generating a highly conjugated and ultrastable photocatalyst for H2O2 production.
Choosing Discourse Types That Align With Person-Centered Goals in Aphasia Rehabilitation: A Clinical Tutorial
Authors: Leaman Marion C. , Archer Brent 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
People with aphasia and their families want rehabilitation services that improve real-world communication. Thus, clinicians and researchers have increased focus on discourse-level interventions and outcome measures, most often using monologue tasks to assess discourse production and guide treatment planning. However, communication in everyday life usually involves participating in conversational discourse. This mismatch raises concern because the literature indicates that different types of discourse possess different linguistic and interactional characteristics and that the communication skills of people with aphasia vary across different types of discourse. In order to provide appropriate, client-centered services, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) need resources that outline the linguistic and interactional characteristics of each type of discourse. Few user-friendly materials of this sort exist. This tutorial aims to equip clinicians with essential foundational knowledge regarding features of narrative, procedural, and expository monologue, as well as conversation, to aid in the design of discourse-level interventions specific to each individual's discourse needs.

Method:
This tutorial provides an overview of the research regarding the structure and function of commonly assessed and treated forms of discourse, along with findings regarding the varied and unpredictable communicative performance of people with aphasia across the different types of discourse. We then provide practical applied clinical examples to illustrate the literature findings.

Conclusion:
Given the differences between types of discourse, when SLPs include discourse in a client's treatment program, the types of discourse activities the client wants to address should align very closely with the types of discourse assessed and treated in the clinic room.
Efficient ear alignment using a two‐stack hourglass network
Authors: Hrovatič Anja , Peer Peter , Štruc Vitomir , Emeršič Žiga 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEar images have been shown to be a reliable modality for biometric recognition with desirable characteristics, such as high universality, distinctiveness, measurability and permanence. While a considerable amount of research has been directed towards ear recognition techniques, the problem of ear alignment is still under‐explored in the open literature. Nonetheless, accurate alignment of ear images, especially in unconstrained acquisition scenarios, where the ear appearance is expected to vary widely due to pose and view point variations, is critical for the performance of all downstream tasks, including ear recognition. Here, the authors address this problem and present a framework for ear alignment that relies on a two‐step procedure: (i) automatic landmark detection and (ii) fiducial point alignment. For the first (landmark detection) step, the authors implement and train a Two‐Stack Hourglass model (2‐SHGNet) capable of accurately predicting 55 landmarks on diverse ear images captured in uncontrolled conditions. For the second (alignment) step, the authors use the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to align the estimated landmark/fiducial points with a pre‐defined ear shape (i.e. a collection of average ear landmark positions). The authors evaluate the proposed framework in comprehensive experiments on the AWEx and ITWE datasets and show that the 2‐SHGNet model leads to more accurate landmark predictions than competing state‐of‐the‐art models from the literature. Furthermore, the authors also demonstrate that the alignment step significantly improves recognition accuracy with ear images from unconstrained environments compared to unaligned imagery.
Towards a more flexible demand responsive transit service with compensation mechanism considering boundedly rational passengers
Authors: Wang Hongfei , Guan Hongzhi , Qin Huanmei , Zhao Pengfei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDemand responsive transit (DRT) with app‐based reservation platforms is experiencing a renaissance to bring the tremendous potential for mobility in the urban universe. Nevertheless, how to attract and retain passengers for long‐term use has become one of the most significant problems. The decision‐making psychology of passengers is often overlooked but incredibly critical in the practical applicability of DRT services. This paper proposes a more flexible DRT service with soft time windows considering boundedly rational passengers. A compensation mechanism is developed to alleviate the dissatisfaction of passengers while considerably promoting the system efficiency. A two‐stage model is designed to incorporate bounded rationality into the optimization process of mixed demand, including the static phase for reservation passengers and the dynamic phase for real‐time passengers. To enhance the computational efficiency, a hybrid heuristic algorithm combining spatiotemporal clustering and non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)‐II is constructed to obtain the Pareto solutions set. An illustrative example of the Nguyen–Dupuis network is presented to demonstrate the validity of the algorithm. Subsequently, a large‐scale case study in Beijing evaluated the applicability of DRT in the real‐world network. The results reveal that dynamic DRT with compensation mechanism can substantially improve the system performance while ensuring the service quality. The response rate of passengers has been dramatically promoted to 80%. The operating profit has been enormously improved by up to 73%. Therefore, this study is radically conducive to understanding the passenger's decision‐making psychology while constructing a more cost‐efficient flexible strategy for the service provider.