bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive and Highly Stretchable Multiple-Crosslinked Ionic Hydrogel Sensors with Long-Term Stability
Authors: Yu Jin-Young , Moon Seung Eon , Kim Jeong Hun , Kang Seong Min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlexible hydrogels are receiving significant attention for their application in wearable sensors. However, most hydrogel materials exhibit weak and one-time adhesion, low sensitivity, ice crystallization, water evaporation, and poor self-recovery, thereby limiting their application as sensors. These issues are only partly addressed in previous studies. Herein, a multiple-crosslinked poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide-co-acrylamide) (P(SBMA-co-AAm)) multifunctional hydrogel is prepared via a one-pot synthesis method to overcome the aforementioned limitations. Specifically, ions, glycerol, and 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide are incorporated to reduce the freezing point and improve the moisture retention ability. The proposed hydrogel is superior to existing hydrogels because it exhibits good stretchability (a strain of 2900%), self-healing properties, and transparency through effective energy dissipation in its dynamic crosslinked network. Further, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide as a zwitterion monomer results in an excellent gauge factor of 43.4 at strains of 1300–1600% by improving the ion transportability and achieving a strong adhesion of 20.9 kPa owing to the dipole–dipole moment. The proposed hydrogel is promising for next-generation biomedical applications, such as soft robots, and health monitoring.
Induced Currents in the Lining and Steel Shell of Submerged Arc Furnaces
Authors: Fromreide Mads , Gómez Dolores , Halvorsen Svenn Anton , Salgado Pilar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Numerical models in 2D and 3D are used to study induced currents in the lining and steel shell of large three-phase submerged arc furnaces. The alternating currents supplied through the electrodes cause a significant amount of induced power in the furnace lining and shell. The induced currents flow in three large loops with an accumulation of current near the top of the steel shell between the electrodes. The net result is a thermal loss with heat dissipated at the surface. Furthermore, such accumulation may cause potentially damaging hot spots in the steel. If this persists over a long time, the shell may thin and deteriorate and, in worst-case scenarios, the shell may be cracked or punctured. The influence of an electrically conducting lining and the effect of subdividing the shell in insulated sections have been studied. It is shown that an electrically conducting lining will have a significant shielding effect on the steel shell. The induced currents are considerably reduced in the steel, and “pushed into” the lining. The size of current loops in the shell can be restricted by subdividing the steel into sections with insulation between each section. Such modification is detrimental. Strong opposing currents will be formed on each side of the insulating gaps, leading to higher current concentrations and increasing the risk of hot spots on the steel shell. In addition, the heat loss due to induced currents in the steel will be enhanced.

Graphical Abstract
A case study on time-dependent bedding plane failure
Authors: Asaka Michinori , Holt Rune Martin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTime-delayed wellbore failures are often observed in shale formation. In some cases, cavings indicating bedding plane failure are observed a few days after initial drill-out with a gradual increase, eventually leading to wellbore collapse. Possible causes of time-delayed wellbore failure include pore pressure diffusion, and its impact can be assessed by traditional poroelastic modeling in which coupled hydraulic-mechanical processes are taken into account. Externally applied loads induce pore pressure that is dissipated according to a diffusion law. During recently conducted wellbore stability analysis targeting a particular field within a strike-slip regime, we found: (1) time-dependent bedding plane failures are significant for highly inclined wells subparallel to the maximum horizontal stress direction (bedding plane failure region gradually increases with time), (2) the Kirsch solution and the assumption of no induced pore pressure (elastic nonporous model) does not give proper mud weight limits to avoid bedding plane failures, and (3) failure regions and modes predicted by the poroelastic model are different from those based on the elastic nonporous approach, under the given situation. Results given by the poroelastic model are apparently consistent with filed observations, demonstrating pore pressure diffusion as a possible cause of observed time-delayed bedding plane failure.
Burch Index, Summands of Syzygies and Linearity in Resolutions
Authors: Dao Hailong , Eisenbud David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Burch index is a new invariant of a local ring R whose positivity implies a kind of linearity in resolutions of R-modules. We show that if R has depth zero and Burch index at least 2, then any non-free 7th R-syzygy contains the residue field as a direct summand. We compute the Burch index in various cases of interest.
Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis and Presumptive Vibriosis in a Welder, a Case Report
Authors: Reddy Archana K. , Tuznik Natascha M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
When iron homeostasis is disrupted in overload states, siderophilic pathogens may display increased virulence including Vibrio and Mucorales species, among others. We present a case of widely disseminated Mucormycosis and presumed Vibriosis in a welder with severe sepsis of unknown origin despite thorough evaluation. The diagnosis of Mucormycosis was not ascertained until the day of the patient’s passing, illustrating the importance of considering iron overload and associated infections in the differential diagnosis of at-risk patients, such as a welder, who developed elusive and undifferentiated sepsis unresponsive to conventional therapy. A 50-year-old male welder developed two episodes of acute gastrointestinal illness and subacute distal foot pain after traveling to coastal California and raw oyster consumption. His illness progressed over 3 weeks leading to hospitalization with mixed septic and cardiogenic shock. He initially improved with cardiac support and empiric treatment for presumed Vibriosis; however, his clinical status proceeded to deteriorate once more. He developed an acute abdomen, and during an emergent exploratory laparotomy, he was found to have widely disseminated, gastrointestinal Mucormycosis. After surgery, the patient transitioned to comfort measures and passed away several hours later. History of welding in a patient presenting with sepsis should prompt consideration of systemic iron overload and evaluation, as well as associated infections such as siderophilic pathogens, which may otherwise remain elusive and potentially fatal if not considered on the differential diagnosis. This is of particular importance in patients who have ongoing, undifferentiated sepsis with failure to stabilize despite standard-of-care comprehensive evaluation and therapeutics.
Preparation of long-lasting environment-friendly anti-icing agent suitable for snow and ice areas and its performance research
Authors: Zhang Fan , Zhao Su 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe addition of anti-icing agents to asphalt pavements as a way to prevent snow and ice residues should consider not only the environmental aspects of anti-icing agents, but also the water stability, high temperature stability and low temperature crack resistance of asphalt mixes. In this work, environmentally and friendly slow-release anti-icing agent called MAS was produced by using silica microspheres coated with magnesium acetate, and the performance of the mixes after adding anti-icing agents was analyzed by the water stability, high temperature stability and low temperature crack resistance tests The experimental results show that when the MAS replaces 6% of 0–0.075 mm aggregate by equal volume, the strength and performance of the mixture meet the requirements and have the best slow-release effect.
Adaptation of a Behavioural Activation Intervention for Depression in People with Diabetes in Bangladesh and Pakistan: DiaDeM Intervention
Authors: Zavala Gerardo A. , Afaq Saima , Anas Ashraful , Ahmed Naveed , Aslam Faiza , Benkalkar Saumit , Coales Karen , Jennings Hannah Maria , Kellar Ian , Nabi Mumtahanah , Naz Anum , Shakoor Hira , Siddiqi Najma , Ekers David 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe cultural tailoring of interventions is a cost-effective approach to reach underserved populations. There are multiple frameworks for intervention adaptation, however, information on their use in practice, and sources to guide the adaptations is limited. The aim of this paper is to describe our experience using intervention adaptation frameworks and illustrate the adaptation process of a behavioural activation intervention for depression in people with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh and Pakistan. We were guided by the intervention mapping adaptation framework for development and evaluation of health interventions and the Bernal and the Escoffery frameworks to address the cultural components of the adaptation. We performed a needs assessment, developed a logic model and systematically searched for available evidence-based interventions. To obtain evidence to guide the adaptations, we conducted a literature review, a qualitative study and workshops with community, expert advisory panels and a co-design group which systematically fed into the adaptation process. We co-produced the materials (training manual and booklet) with stakeholders. Finally, an implementation and evaluation plan was produced to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. We selected 3 interventions that had a good fit for our target population. Guided by the logic model, we identified core components of these interventions that could not be changed. We made changes in the language, pictures, illustrations, intervention dose and delivery (self-guided versus facilitator), inclusion of carers and/or family members, and training intensity. We developed a protocol to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention considering key changes from the original intervention and the characteristics of the new setting and target population. Intervention adaptation frameworks proved to be valuable tools to guide the intervention process, and ensure the inclusion of multiple sources of evidence and key stakeholders.
The Known Biology of Neuropathic Pain and Its Relevance to Pain Management
Authors: Smith Peter A. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:Patients with neuropathic pain are heterogeneous in pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical presentation. Signs and symptoms are determined by the nature of the injury and factors such as genetics, sex, prior injury, age, culture, and environment. Basic science has provided general information about pain etiology by studying the consequences of peripheral injury in rodent models. This is associated with the release of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors that sensitize sensory nerve endings, alter gene expression, promote post-translational modification of proteins, and alter ion channel function. This leads to spontaneous activity in primary afferent neurons that is crucial for the onset and persistence of pain and the release of secondary mediators such as colony-stimulating factor 1 from primary afferent terminals. These promote the release of tertiary mediators such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and interleukin-1β from microglia and astrocytes. Tertiary mediators facilitate the transmission of nociceptive information at the spinal, thalamic, and cortical levels. For the most part, these findings have failed to identify new therapeutic approaches. More recent basic science has better mirrored the clinical situation by addressing the pathophysiology associated with specific types of injury, refinement of methodology, and attention to various contributory factors such as sex. Improved quantification of sensory profiles in each patient and their distribution into defined clusters may improve translation between basic science and clinical practice. If such quantification can be traced back to cellular and molecular aspects of pathophysiology, this may lead to personalized medicine approaches that dictate a rational therapeutic approach for each individual.
Optical beat notes assisted attosecond soft X-ray pulse generation in high-gain free electron lasers
Authors: Wang Zhen , Feng Chao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Attosecond soft X-ray pulses are of great importance for the study of ultrafast electronic phenomena. In this paper, a feasible method is proposed to generate isolated fully coherent attosecond soft X-ray free electron laser via optical frequency beating. Two optical lasers with the opposite frequency chirps are used to induce a gradient frequency energy modulation, which helps to generate a gradually varied spacing electron pulse train. Subsequently, the undulator sections with electron beam delay lines are used to amplify the target ultra-short radiation. Numerical start-to-end simulations have been performed and the results demonstrate that an isolated soft X-ray pulse with the peak power of 330 GW and pulse duration of 620 as can be achieved by the proposed technique.
Ornament, Weapon, or Tool? Microwear Analysis of Shark Teeth from the Rio Do Meio Site in Florianópolis, Brazil
Authors: Gilson Simon-Pierre , Gates St-Pierre Christian , Lessa Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractShark remains are common in coastal archaeological sites in southern Brazil. Here we present an analysis of microwear visible on shark teeth found at the Rio do Meio site in Florianópolis, Brazil. It demonstrates that hafted shark teeth were used to work soft materials such as leather, as well as semihard materials such as wood and bone, whereas others probably functioned as arrowheads. The results also show a possible preference for tiger shark teeth use for woodworking. The identified technical motions include piercing, cutting, and scraping, as well as scaling and sawing. These findings allow us to question the common interpretation of shark teeth use as ornaments and as having symbolic value. Instead, shark teeth seem to have been used as tools and weapons in daily life.
The Dawes Review 11: From young to old: The evolutionary path of Pulsar Wind Nebulae
Authors: Olmi Barbara , Bucciantini Niccolò 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPulsar wind nebulae (PWN) are fascinating systems and archetypal sources for high-energy astrophysics in general. Due to their vicinity, brightness, to the fact that they shine at multi-wavelengths, and especially to their long-living emission at gamma rays, modelling their properties is particularly important for the correct interpretation of the visible Galaxy. A complication in this respect is the variety of properties and morphologies they show at different ages. Here, we discuss the differences among the evolutionary phases of PWN, how they have been modeled in the past and what progresses have been recently made. We approach the discussion from a phenomenological, theoretical (especially numerical) and observational point of view, with particular attention to the most recent results and open questions about the physics of such intriguing sources.
Dashing through the cluster: An X-ray to radio view of UGC 10420 undergoing ram-pressure stripping
Authors: Mahajan Smriti , Singh Kulinder Pal , Tiwari Juhi , Raychaudhury Somak 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present multi-wavelength data and analysis, including newFUVAstroSat/UVIT observations of the spiral galaxy UGC 10420 ($z=0.032$), a member of the cluster Abell 2199. UGC 10420 is present on the edge of the X-ray emitting region of the cluster at a distance of${\sim} 680$kpc from the centre. The far-ultraviolet (FUV) data obtained by theAstroSatmission show intense knots of star formation on the leading edge of the galaxy, accompanied by a tail of the same on the diametrically opposite side. Our analysis shows that the images of the galaxy disc in the optical and mid-infrared are much smaller in size than that in theFUV. While the broadband optical colours of UGC 10420 are typical of a post-starburst galaxy, the star formation rate (SFR) derived from a UV-to-IR spectral energy distribution is at least a factor of nine higher than that expected for a star-forming field galaxy of similar mass at its redshift. A careful removal of the contribution of the diffuse intracluster gas shows that the significant diffuse X-ray emission associated with the interstellar medium of UGC 10420 has a temperature,$T_X = 0.24^{+0.09}_{-0.06}$keV (0.4–2.0 keV) and luminosity,$L_X = 1.8\pm{0.9}\times 10^{40}$erg s$^{-1}$, which are typical of the X-ray emission from late-type spiral galaxies. Two symmetrically placed X-ray hot spots are observed on either sides of an X-ray weak nucleus.Our analysis favours a scenario where the interaction of a galaxy with the hot intracluster medium of the cluster, perturbs the gas in the galaxy causing starburst in the leading edge of the disc. On the other hand, the turbulence thus developed may also push some of the gas out of the disc. Interactions between the gas ejected from the galaxy and the intracluster medium can then locally trigger star formation in the wake of the galaxy experiencing ram-pressure stripping. Our data however does not rule out the possibility of a flyby encounter with a neighbouring galaxy, although no relevant candidates are observed in the vicinity of UGC 10420.
Single‐Well Pore Pressure Preconditioning for Enhanced Geothermal System Stimulation
Authors: Fryer Barnaby , Lebihain Mathias , Violay Marie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe stress state is an important parameter in terms of both earthquake nucleation and rupture. Here, a new stimulation technique is proposed for Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGSs), which have previously been burdened with a number of high‐profile incidences of induced seismicity. This stimulation technique pre‐emptively alters, or preconditions, the stress state before injection. This preconditioning is achieved through fluid production, such that the zone of reduced pore pressure around the well results in a stress‐ and fracture‐energy‐ barrier to potential nucleating and/or propagating ruptures near the point of injection. Using an existing 1‐D linear slip‐weakening model, it is shown how this methodology has the potential to either suppress the nucleation of dynamic events or halt their propagation. In particular, reducing the pore pressure around the region to be stimulated such that the residual shear stress rises above the in‐situ value of shear stress results in ultimately stable nucleation regimes. These results hold for injection times which are small compared to the required time of production, but this methodology results in nucleation lengths, or, analogously, stimulated areas, which are orders of magnitudes larger than those safely achievable without preconditioning. An example of how this approach may be applied in the field as well as other possible methods to achieve a preconditioned reservoir are provided. Both laboratory‐scale and meso‐scale testing of preconditioning are recommended to further constrain the applicability of this methodology for the creation of EGSs.
Stochastic Data‐Driven Parameterization of Unresolved Eddy Effects in a Baroclinic Quasi‐Geostrophic Model
Authors: Li Long , Deremble Bruno , Lahaye Noé , Mémin Etienne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this work, a stochastic representation based on a physical transport principle is proposed to account for mesoscale eddy effects on the large‐scale oceanic circulation. This stochastic framework arises from a decomposition of the Lagrangian velocity into a smooth‐in‐time component and a highly oscillating noise term. One important characteristic of this random model, without any external forcing and damping, is that it conserves the total energy of the resolved flow for any realization. The proposed stochastic formulation is successfully implemented in a well established multi‐layered quasi‐geostrophic dynamical core. The empirical spatial correlation of the unresolved noise is calibrated from the eddy‐resolving simulation data. In particular, a stationary correction drift can be introduced in the noise through Girsanov transformation. This non‐intuitive term appears to be important in reproducing on a coarse mesh the eastward jet of the wind‐driven double‐gyre circulation. In addition, a projection method has been proposed to constrain the noise to act along the iso‐surfaces of the vertical stratification. The resulting noise enables us to improve the intrinsic low‐frequency variability of the large‐scale current.
A Miniaturized Multi‐Frequency Wide‐Band Leaky Wave Button Antenna for ISM/5G Communications and WBAN Applications
Authors: Saeidi Tale , Karamzadeh Saeid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA low‐profile multi‐frequency leaky wave button antenna for body‐centric communications is presented. A leaky wave antenna loaded with U‐slots (a combination of U‐slots and slits) and tapered slot structures to improve the radiation efficiency, broadside radiation pattern, and widen the steering range is designed. Furthermore, it comprises a whole ground to meet the Specific Absorption Rate standard requirements based on the known standards. The antenna's performances are examined for on and off‐body conditions. For demonstration, a prototype is implemented, and the measurement is performed on the chest. The antenna operates at multi bands of 1.7–3.3 GHz (Industrial, Scientific, and Medical and 5G communication) and 4.15–10 GHz (sub‐6 GHz and X‐band communications). The peak gains of 6.9 and 8.2 dBi were obtained for on and off‐ body conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the antenna offers maximum radiation efficiencies of 89.3% and 99.3% for on‐body and free‐space conditions. The specific absorption rate (SAR) values obtained for body‐centric communications meet the regulation requirements (e.g., on body tissue at 3.2 GHz, it is 0.78 (1 g) and 0.44 (10 g) W/kg). With an overall miniaturized size, the proposed button antenna could be integrated with clothes. In addition, a multi‐wide bandwidth, circularly polarized radiation, a small size, high efficiency and gain, and low SAR values prove that the proposed antenna can be a potential candidate for wireless body area network and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer applications.