bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Childcare Teachers Evaluate Children’s Weight Status More Accurately Than Parents? A Brief Report
Authors: Gomes Ana I. , Lemos Rosa , Miočević Milica , Pereira Ana I. , Barros Luísa 
Published: May 2023

Purpose Parents’ underestimation of young children’s weight can reduce their engagement and readiness to implement changes in children’s diet and physical activity. Childcare teachers can support parents’ identification of children at risk for being overweight only if they can accurately do this themselves. Design Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Setting Fifteen kindergartens near Lisbon, Portugal. Subjects 319 parents, 32 teachers (47.5% and 100% response rate, respectively), and 319 children. Measures Caregivers classified the children’s weight, considering their height and age as underweight, healthy weight, or overweight; children’s body mass index (BMI) status for age and sex was assessed. Analysis Differences in caregivers’ accuracy of children’s weight perception were assessed. Multilevel multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the predictors of the accuracy of teachers’ and parents’ weight perception as a binary outcome. Results The proportion of children with overweight correctly assessed differed significantly ( P = 0.004) between teachers (31.1%) and parents (17.5%). The child’s BMI percentile was the only significant positive predictor for both caregivers’ weight perception accuracy ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, for parents and teachers, respectively), holding the child’s age and sex constant. Conclusion Although childcare teachers were better raters than parents when evaluating children’s weight status, the percentage of children with overweight that childcare teachers misclassified was still relatively high.
Fatigue Resistance of Two Different Materials Used as Retentive Attachments in Implant Supported Overdenture after Immersion in Denture Cleansing Solution: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Shinde Akanksha , Bulbule Nilesh , Bhatt Varun , Gayathri B. , Jagtap Amit 
Published: May 2023

Aim:This in vitro study compared the fatigue resistance of two polymeric materials (Nylon and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)) used as retentive attachments in implant-retained overdentures after immersion in denture cleansing solution.Materials and Methods:A total of 24 samples (N=24), of which 12 capsule-shaped samples of commercially available nylon material from ADIN dental implants, India, and similar sized and shaped 12 PTFE (medical grade) capsules custom fabricated from AAA Industries, Mumbai was obtained. Six samples of each material were immersed in distilled water and six samples in Clinsodent denture cleanser, simulating an 8–h daily immersion of the denture for a period of 2 years. After completion of the immersion protocol, samples were subjected to 2900 fatigue cycles using the Universal Testing Machine (UTM), simulating 4 cycles per day of removal and insertion of the overdenture for a duration of 2 years. Before and after immersion, the wear of the samples was assessed for internal and external diameter changes using the Sipcon Inspection System. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was tested by applying the paired-t test, Fisher analysis of variance, and Tukey’s honest significant difference test, with a probability value less than 0.05 used as statistically significant.Results:Statistically significant differences were observed after immersion in denture cleanser for nylon and PTFE. The greatest fatigue for ID, IHL, and IVL was demonstrated in nylon immersed in Clinsodent at p = .000. ED and EHL of PTFE in distilled water showed greater deformation than others ( p = .000).Conclusion:PTFE attachments have shown better fatigue resistance after immersion in Clinsodent denture cleanser. Nylon material immersed in distilled water as well as in Clinsodent cleanser showed greater deformation after fatigue cycles.
Rad1 attenuates DNA double-strand breaks and cell cycle arrest in type II alveolar epithelial cells of rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Tong Xin , Li Danni , Liu Na , Huang Wanjie , Zhao Xinyi , Zhang Dan , Xue Xindong , Fu Jianhua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common and serious chronic lung disease in preterm infants with pathological characteristics of arrested lung development. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are a serious manifestation of oxidative stress damage, but little is known about the role of DSBs in BPD. The current study set out to detect DSB accumulation and cell cycle arrest in BPD and study the expression of genes related to DNA damage and repair in BPD through DNA damage signaling pathway-based PCR array to determine a suitable target to improve arrested lung development associated with BPD.

Methods
DSB accumulation and cell cycle arrest were detected in a BPD animal model and primary cells, then a DNA damage signaling pathway-based PCR array was used to identify the target of DSB repair in BPD.

Results
DSB accumulation and cell cycle arrest were shown in BPD animal model, primary type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) and cultured cells after exposure to hyperoxia. Of the 84 genes in the DNA damage-signaling pathway PCR array, eight genes were overexpressed and 11 genes were repressed. Rad1, an important protein for DSB repair, was repressed in the model group. Real-time PCR and western blots were used to verify the microarray results. Next, we confirmed that silencing Rad1 expression aggravated the accumulation of DSBs and cell cycle arrest in AECII cells, whereas its overexpression alleviated DSB accumulation and cell cycle arrest.

Conclusions
The accumulation of DSBs in AECII might be an important cause of alveolar growth arrest associated with BPD. Rad1 could be an effective target for intervention to improve this arrest in lung development associated with BPD.
Epidemiology of severe trauma in Navarra for 10 years: out-of-hospital/ in-hospital deaths and survivors
Authors: Arbizu-Fernández Eider , Echarri-Sucunza Alfredo , Galbete Arkaitz , Fortún-Moral Mariano , Belzunegui-Otano Tomas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMajor trauma is a leading cause of death. Due to the difficulties to keep a registry of these cases, few studies include all subjects, because they exclude out-of-hospital deaths. The purpose of this work was to compare the epidemiological profiles of out-of-hospital deaths, in-hospital deaths, and survivors over a 10-year period (2010–2019) of patients who had been treated by Navarre´s Health Service (Spain).MethodsRetrospective longitudinal cohort study using data of patients injured by an external physical force of any intentionality and with a New Injury Severity Score above 15. Hangings, drownings, burns, and chokings were excluded. Intergroup differences of demographic and clinical variables were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test, chi-squared test, or Fisher´s exact test.ResultsData from 2,610 patients were analysed; 624 died out-of-hospital, 439 in-hospital, and 1,547 survived. Trauma incidences remained moderately stable over the 10-year period analysed, with a slight decrease in out-of-hospital deaths and a slight increase in in-hospital deaths. Patients of the out-of-hospital deaths group were younger (50.9 years) in comparison to in-hospital deaths and survivors. Death victims were predominantly male in all study groups. Intergroup differences regarding prior comorbidities and predominant type of injury were observed.ConclusionsThere are significant differences among the three study groups. More than half of the deaths occur out-of-hospital and the causative mechanisms differ in each of them. Thus, when designing strategies, preventive measures were considered for each group on a case-by-case basis.
NLRP3 inflammasome in peripheral blood monocytes as a risk factor for early -onset preeclampsia
Authors: Yang Hong , Ai Mo , Guo Yanqiu , Li Bingfen , Liu Cong , Qu Dongying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction
As a leading cause of pregnancy and fetal mortality, pre-eclampsia impacts about 5–8% of pregnancies globally. To date, few studies have focused on the role played by (NOD)-like receptors protein 3 (NLRP3) in peripheral blood in early-onset pre-eclampsia (PE). In this study, we investigated whether NLRP3 expression in monocytes before 20 weeks of gestation was associated with an increased risk of early-onset PE.

Methodology
During the study period from 2019 to 2021, women with singleton pregnancies were enrolled in this prospective study at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command. A generalized additive model (GAM) and logistic regression models were applied to determine any association between NLRP3 and the risk of early-onset PE.

Results
In total, 571 and 48 subjects were included in the control and pre-eclampsia groups, respectively. The GAM and logistic regression models showed that NLRP3 was a significant factor for PE occurrence. The area under the curve, accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.86, 0.82, 0.95, 0.72, 15.17, 0.29, and 52.0, respectively.

Conclusion
The monitoring for NLRP3 in peripheral blood may be a potential, prospectively identifying risk factor for preeclampsia.
A case of APMPPE-like panuveitis presenting with extensive outer retinal layer impairment following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Ogino Yo , Namba Kenichi , Iwata Daiju , Suzuki Kayo , Mizuuchi Kazuomi , Hiraoka Miki , Kitaichi Nobuyoshi , Ishida Susumu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Vaccination against the worldwide pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is underway; however, some cases of new onset uveitis after vaccination have been reported. We report a case of bilateral acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy-like (AMPPE-like) panuveitis after COVID-19 vaccination in which the patient’s pathological condition was evaluated using multimodal imaging.

Case presentation
A 31-year-old woman experienced bilateral hyperemia and blurred vision starting 6 days after her second inoculation of the COVID-19 vaccination. At her first visit, her visual acuity was decreased bilaterally, and severe bilateral anterior chamber inflammation and bilateral scattering of cream-white placoid lesions on the fundus were detected. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed serous retinal detachment (SRD) and choroidal thickening in both eyes (OU). Fluorescein angiography (FA) revealed hypofluorescence in the early phase and hyperfluorescence in the late phase corresponding to the placoid legions. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) showed sharply marginated hypofluorescent dots of various sizes throughout the mid-venous and late phases OU. The patient was diagnosed with APMPPE and was observed without any medications. Three days later, her SRD disappeared spontaneously. However, her anterior chamber inflammation continued, and oral prednisolone (PSL) was given to her. Seven days after the patient’s first visit, the hyperfluorescent lesions on FA and hypofluorescent dots on ICGA partially improved; however, the patient’s best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) recovered only to 0.7 OD and 0.6 OS, and the impairment of the outer retinal layer was broadly detected as hyperautofluorescent lesions on fundus autofluorescence (FAF) examination and as irregularity in or disappearance of the ellipsoid and interdigitation zones on OCT, which were quite atypical for the findings of APMPPE. Steroid pulse therapy was performed. Five days later, the hyperfluorescence on FAF had disappeared, and the outer retinal layer improved on OCT. Moreover, the patient’s BCVA recovered to 1.0 OU. Twelve months after the end of treatment, the patient did not show any recurrences.

Conclusions
We observed a case of APMPPE-like panuveitis after COVID-19 vaccination featuring some atypical findings for APMPPE. COVID-19 vaccination may induce not only known uveitis but also atypical uveitis, and appropriate treatment is required for each case.
Prevalence and clinical profile of abnormal glucose in first-episode and drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder with comorbid abnormal thyroid function: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Authors: Huang Xiao , Sun Yuan , Wu Anshi , Zhang Xiang-Yang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The associated factors of abnormal glucose in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid abnormal thyroid function (ATF) remain unclear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with a large sample size that examines the risk factors of abnormal glucose in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients comorbid with ATF and includes clinical correlates and thyroid hormone levels.

Methods
A total of 1718 FEDN MDD patients were recruited. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were used to evaluate the symptoms of patients. Fasting blood glucose concentration and thyroid hormone levels were measured.

Results
The prevalence of abnormal glucose in MDD patients with comorbid ATF was 47.3%, which was 4.25 times higher than that in MDD patients without ATF (17.4%). Compared to those ATF patients without abnormal glucose, ATF patients with abnormal glucose scored higher on HAMD, HAMA and PANSS positive subscale, had a higher rate of suicide attempts, severe anxiety and psychotic symptoms, and had higher levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidases antibody (TPOAb) which were also correlated with abnormal glucose in MDD patients comorbid ATF (all P < 0.05). The combination of HAMD score and TSH could differentiate abnormal glucose from ATF. Further, TSH was independence-related with the concentration of fasting blood glucose in MDD patients with comorbid ATF.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of abnormal glucose in MDD patients with comorbid ATF. Some clinical and thyroid function-related variables may be associated with abnormal glucose in MDD patients with comorbid ATF.
Comparison of the effect of hostility on the level of depression of drug addicts and non-addicts and the mediating role of sense of life meaning between them
Authors: Li Jiaoyang , Wang Rufang , He Jingzhen , Wang Linghui , Li Lin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The level of depression among drug addicts is generally higher than normal. Hostility and sense of life meaning may influence depression and become risk factors for depression. This study has three research purposes. First, to analyze whether drug use can aggravate hostility and depression levels. Second, to assess whether the hostility has different effects on depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. Third, to examine whether the sense of life meaning has a mediating role between different groups (drug addicts and non-addicts).

Methods
This study was conducted from March to June 2022. 415 drug addicts (233 males and 182 females) and 411 non-addicts (174 males and 237 females) were recruited in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. After signing informed consent, their psychometric data were obtained using the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) questionnaires. Linear regression models were used to assess the impact of hostility and depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. Bootstrap mediation effect tests were used to further test the mediation effect of sense of life meaning between hostility and depression.

Results
The results showed four main outcomes. First, compared with non-addicts, drug addicts had higher levels of depression. Second, hostility exacerbated depression in both drug addicts and non-addicts. Compared with non-addicts, hostile affect had a greater effect on depression in drug addicts. Third, the sense of life meaning among females was higher than males. Fourth, for drug addicts, the sense of life meaning showed a mediating effect between social aversion and depression, while for non-addicts, the sense of life meaning showed a mediating effect between cynicism and depression.

Conclusions
Depression is more severe in drug addicts. More attention should be paid to the mental health of drug addicts, because the elimination of negative emotions is conducive to reintegration into society. Our results provide a theoretical basis for reducing depression among drug addicts and non-addicts. As a protective factor, we can reduce their hostility and depression by improving the sense of life meaning.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education and procedural volume of fellows in critical care medicine – a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Garner Orlando , Velamuri Kanta , Staggers Kristen , Braun Andrea Barbara 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way medical education is delivered. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education and procedural volume of critical care and pulmonary critical care fellows.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional, internet-based, voluntary, anonymous, national survey of adult critical care fellows and academic attending physicians in critical care and pulmonary critical care fellowship programs in the United States between December 2020 and February 2021. Survey questions covered both didactic and non-didactic aspects of education and procedural volumes. Answers were ranked on a 5-point Likert scale. Survey responses were summarized by frequency with percentage. Differences between the responses of fellows and attendings were assessed with the Fisher’s exact or Chi-Square test, using Stata 16 software (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX).

Results
Seventy four individuals responded to the survey; the majority (70.3%) were male; less than one-third (28.4%) female. Respondents were evenly split among fellows (52.7%) and attendings (47.3%). 41.9% of survey respondents were from the authors’ home institution, with a response rate of 32.6%. Almost two-thirds (62.2%) reported that fellows spend more time in the ICU since the onset of the pandemic. The majority noted that fellows insert more central venous catheters (52.7%) and arterial lines (58.1%), but perform fewer bronchoscopies (59.5%). The impact on endotracheal intubations was mixed: almost half of respondents (45.9%) reported fewer intubations, about one-third (35.1%) more intubations. Almost all respondents (93.0%) described fewer workshops; and one-third (36.1%) fewer didactic lectures. The majority (71.2%) noted less time available for research and quality improvement projects; half (50.7%) noted less bedside teaching by faculty and more than one-third (37.0%) less fellow interaction with faculty. Almost one-half of respondents (45.2%) reported an increase in fellows’ weekly work hours.

Conclusion
The pandemic has caused a decrease in scholarly and didactic activities of critical care and pulmonary critical care fellows. Fellows spend more time in ICU rotations, insert more central and arterial lines, but perform fewer intubations and bronchoscopies. This survey provides insights into changes that have occurred in the training of critical care and pulmonary critical care fellows since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Epistasis and evolution: recent advances and an outlook for prediction
Authors: Johnson Milo S. , Reddy Gautam , Desai Michael M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs organisms evolve, the effects of mutations change as a result of epistatic interactions with other mutations accumulated along the line of descent. This can lead to shifts in adaptability or robustness that ultimately shape subsequent evolution. Here, we review recent advances in measuring, modeling, and predicting epistasis along evolutionary trajectories, both in microbial cells and single proteins. We focus on simple patterns of global epistasis that emerge in this data, in which the effects of mutations can be predicted by a small number of variables. The emergence of these patterns offers promise for efforts to model epistasis and predict evolution.
Balancing selection on an MYB transcription factor maintains the twig trichome color variation in Melastoma normale
Authors: Huang Guilian , Wu Wei , Chen Yongmei , Zhi Xueke , Zou Peishan , Ning Zulin , Fan Qiang , Liu Ying , Deng Shulin , Zeng Kai , Zhou Renchao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe factors that maintain phenotypic and genetic variation within a population have received long-term attention in evolutionary biology. Here the genetic basis and evolution of the geographically widespread variation in twig trichome color (from red to white) in a shrubMelastoma normalewas investigated using Pool-seq and evolutionary analyses.ResultsThe results show that the twig trichome coloration is under selection in different light environments and that a 6-kb region containing an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene is the major region of divergence between the extreme red and white morphs. This gene has two highly divergent groups of alleles, one of which likely originated from introgression from another species in this genus and has risen to high frequency (> 0.6) within each of the three populations under investigation. In contrast, polymorphisms in other regions of the genome show no sign of differentiation between the two morphs, suggesting that genomic patterns of diversity have been shaped by homogenizing gene flow. Population genetics analysis reveals signals of balancing selection acting on this gene, and it is suggested that spatially varying selection is the most likely mechanism of balancing selection in this case.ConclusionsThis study demonstrate that polymorphisms on a single transcription factor gene largely confer the twig trichome color variation inM. normale, while also explaining how adaptive divergence can occur and be maintained in the face of gene flow.