bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight loss and body composition after compounded semaglutide treatment in a real world setting
Authors: Chun Elizabeth , Siojo Alexandra , Rivera David , Reyna Kirsten , Legere Henry , Joseph Richard , Pojednic Rachele 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials have shown efficacy of semaglutide for weight loss, but further study is needed in less controlled environments including impacts on body composition.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included individuals who participated in a weight management programme at a commercial wellness studio receiving once‐weekly compounded semaglutide/cyanocobalamin injections from June 2023 to January 2024. Once‐weekly semaglutide/cyanocobalamin injected subcutaneously starting at 0.25 mg/0.125 mg and titrated to a maximum dose of 2.4 mg/0.24 mg. The primary endpoint was weight loss at 3 months, with secondary analyses including weight loss percentage, weight loss by body mass index (BMI) class and body composition changes including changes in total fat mass, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass and trunk adiposity.ResultsA total of 94 individuals were analysed (81F/13M), age in years mean (SD) = 46.57 (10.60). After 3 months, average weight loss was 4.11 (2.77) kg or 4.57% (2.96%). Individuals lost fat mass (2.67 (2.37) kg) and trunk fat mass (1.10 (1.36) kg), while also losing small amounts of lean mass (1.43 (1.41) kg) and skeletal muscle mass (0.88 (0.81) kg). As a proportion of total weight, fat mass decreased while lean muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass increased.DiscussionThis study demonstrates that meaningful weight loss is achievable on semaglutide/cyanocobalamin outside of a closely controlled environment. In addition, body composition improved with losses in fat mass and gains in overall proportion of lean muscle and skeletal muscle.
Real‐time continuous glucose monitoring improves postoperative glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Son Heejun , Sohn Suk Ho , Kim Hyun Ah , Choe Hun Jee , Lee Hyunsuk , Jung Hye Seung , Cho Young Min , Park Kyong Soo , Hwang Ho Young , Kwak Soo Heon 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEffective glycaemic control following cardiac surgery improves clinical outcomes, and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) might be a valuable tool in achieving this objective. We investigated the effect of real‐time CGM and telemonitoring on postoperative glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial (RCT), adults with T2D undergoing CABG were assigned to either a test group utilizing real‐time CGM (Dexcom G6) and telemetry for glycaemic control, or a control group with blinded CGM measures, relying on point‐of‐care measures. The primary outcome was the percentage of time in range (TIR) of blood glucose between 70 and 180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L), measured by CGM.ResultsAmong 91 subjects, 48 were in the test group and 43 were in the control group. The least squares (LS) mean ± standard error of TIR was 60.3 ± 2.7%, 50.3 ± 2.9% in the test and control group, respectively. The test group had significantly higher TIR when adjusted with age, sex, body mass index, baseline fasting blood glucose and baseline glycated haemoglobin (LS mean difference, 10.0%; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–18.0; p = 0.014). The test group also had lower time above range and mean glucose levels, with no differences in time below range or hypoglycaemic events.ConclusionsIn this RCT, real‐time CGM and telemonitoring improved glycaemic control during postoperative period without increasing hypoglycaemia risk. Given the benefits of effective glycaemic control on perioperative outcomes, CGM may be helpful in managing T2D after CABG.
Leveraging AI and Machine Learning to Personalise Music Education
Authors: Wang Puying 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTInformation technology contributes to the transformation of the learning process because it changes the traditional system of teaching, based on outdated methodologies. The paper examined the current technologies used in music education in the context of learning process improvements in China. A sociological survey was conducted using the Stapel scale to determine the effectiveness of each application. The highest average ratings were achieved by the Musicfy app (4.5) and Stable Audio (4.2), indicating their high effectiveness. Group comparison of the applications demonstrated a high level of equivalence among most applications, allowing for their interchangeable use in the learning process. Average ratings for each quarter within the two groups revealed varying results across different periods of study. ANOVA analysis confirmed statistically significant differences between the groups, indicating a positive impact of ICT technologies on learning effectiveness. The research findings have practical implications for instructors who are looking for new ways to improve music education, both for instrumentalists and vocalists, through the use of a variety of cutting‐edge technologies. Further research might focus on the selection of additional technologies that affect the improvement of music education.
Comparing adenosine A2A receptor modulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor‐mediated inhibition of GABA and glutamate release in rodent striatal nerve terminals
Authors: Ferreira Samira G. , Bitencourt Rafael M. , Garção Pedro , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Köfalvi Attila 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn corticostriatal nerve terminals, glutamate release is stimulated by adenosine via A2A receptors (A2ARs) and simultaneously inhibited by endocannabinoids via CB1 receptors (CB1Rs). We previously identified presynaptic A2AR–CB1R heterotetrameric complexes in corticostriatal nerve terminals. We now explored the possible functional interaction between A2ARs and CB1Rs in purified striatal GABAergic nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and compared these findings with those on the release of glutamate. In the striatal synaptosomes of rats and wild‐type mice, the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55212‐2 (10–1000 nM) attenuated the Ca2+‐dependent, high‐K+‐evoked release of γ‐[2,3‐3H(N)]‐aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) and [3H]glutamate. WIN55212‐2 did not affect the evoked release of either neurotransmitter under CB1R blockade by AM251 or O‐2050 or in CB1R knockout (KO) mice. The A2AR‐selective agonist CGS21680 (30 nM) and the A2AR‐selective antagonist SCH58261 (100 nM) dampened the inhibitory action of WIN55212‐2 in rat synaptosomes. Another A2AR‐selective antagonist, ZM241385 (100 nM), abolished the inhibition by WIN55212‐2 of the evoked release of both [3H]GABA and [3H]glutamate. Surprisingly, WIN55212‐2 also failed to inhibit the evoked release of [3H]GABA but not of [3H]glutamate in A2AR KO mice of both CD‐1 and C57BL/6 strains. In rat striatal synaptosomal membranes, the binding of [3H]ZM241385 to A2ARs was not affected by cannabinoids. However, ZM241385 reduced the Bmax while CGS21680 and SCH58261 increased the KD of [3H]SR141716A binding to CB1R, indicating an A2AR‐ligand‐specific modulation of CB1R function. CB1R Bmax and KD were reduced in A2AR KO mice, whereas A2AR Bmax was smaller in CB1R KO mice. Altogether, our data reveal an intricate interdependence of presynaptic A2ARs and CB1Rs on striatal neuromodulation.
Microstructural origin of high‐strength Tyranno SA4 SiC fiber studied by comparative Raman spectroscopy#
Authors: Stewart Kaylyn , Lamm Benjamin , Koyanagi Takaaki 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTyranno SA4 grade SiC fiber is an emerging continuous fiber with excellent mechanical properties. The origin of the fiber's high‐performance was studied by comparative Raman spectroscopy of four different grades of SiC fibers and reference SiC monolith. Analysis of the Raman spectra of fiber cross‐sections, surface and homogeneity, and fibers under stress, revealed how differences in microstructure, such as crystalline order, size, and the presence of critical flaws, dictate mechanical properties. This information can help optimize SiC fiber manufacturing.
Zinc Deficiency Reduces Intestinal Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Induces Inflammatory Responses via the Gut‐Liver Axis
Authors: Kido Takamasa , Yanagisawa Hiroyuki , Suka Machi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNutritional zinc (Zn) deficiency could impair immune function and affect bowel conditions. However, the mechanism by which Zn deficiency affects the immune function of gut‐associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) remains unclear. We investigated how Zn deficiency affects the function of GALT and level of secretory IgA (sIgA), a key component of the intestinal immune barrier, its underlying mechanisms, and whether Zn deficiency induces bacterial translocation to the liver. As previous research has indicated that interleukin (IL)‐4 administration or Zn supplementation has a beneficial effect on the spleen of Zn‐deficient rats, we investigated whether these supplements reverse the GALT immune system. Five‐week‐old male rats were fed a standard diet, Zn‐deficient diet supplemented with saline or IL‐4 for 6 weeks, or Zn‐deficient diet followed by a standard diet for 4 weeks. Zn deficiency suppressed sIgA secretion in the intestinal tract by affecting GALT function and induced inflammatory responses through bacterial translocation to the liver via the portal vein. Furthermore, IL‐4 administration and Zn supplementation in rats with Zn deficiency elicited comparable beneficial effects on GALT function, suggesting that the administration of either IL‐4 or Zn could prevent inflammatory response via bacterial translocation to the liver.
Chronological Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Qin Lanqun , Wang Xinmeng , Geng Qian , Li Dongqing , Lu Yingying , Jiang Hua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCircadian rhythm is a physiological process that oscillates in a 24 h cycle. It has a complex connection with the function of the human immune system and even with the development of tumours. Previous studies demonstrated the time‐dependent effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy; however, there are few studies on the timing effects of immunotherapy. Here, we explored the differences in the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) administered at different circadian rhythm times in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). C57BL/6N lung Lewis cancer mice models were constructed. Then, mice were intraperitoneally injected with saline or anti‐PD‐1 antibody at 7 AM or 7 PM, The expression of PD‐L1 was detected by flow cytometry, and the expressions of clock gene BMAL1 and PER2 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after treatment. A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with NSCLC who received ICIs in our department from June 2020 to December 2022. Animal experiments showed that mice treated with ICIs in the morning showed slower tumour growth and smaller tumour volumes than those in the afternoon, accompanied by increased expression of BMAL1 and PER2 and suppression of PD‐L1 expression. Retrospective analysis showed that patients who received ICIs in the afternoon (after 12:00) had significantly longer progression‐free survival than those in the morning (before 12:00) (median was 16.5 months versus 9.8 months, respectively, p = 0.031, hazard ratio = 1.87). These findings suggest that immunotherapy may have time dependence, offering a novel therapeutic strategy.
Role of Digitalization and Government Effectiveness in Sustainable Energy Transition: Evidence From Asian Economies
Authors: Pal Shreya , Mahalik Mantu Kumar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores how digitalization, through resident and non‐resident innovation initiatives, along with government effectiveness, affects the transition to renewable energy generation in five Advanced (Australia, Hong Kong, Japan, New Zealand and Singapore) and seven Emerging (China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam) Asian economies. The research uses annual data from 1985 to 2022 and applies several econometric methods to analyse the impact of these factors on renewable energy generation in a panel setup while also considering economic growth and human capital as key control variables. The findings reveal that residential innovation negatively impacts renewable energy generation in Advanced Asia but has a positive effect in Emerging Asia. Additionally, government effectiveness and non‐residential innovation hinder renewable energy generation in Emerging Asia while contributing positively in Advanced Asia. Economic growth and human capital show a positive association with renewable energy generation in both Advanced and Emerging Asian economies. These findings are robust to an alternative method used. Besides, additional robust results further indicate that artificial intelligence patents used as an alternative measure of digitalization hinder renewable energy generation in Emerging Asia and promote it in Advanced Asia. These findings provide valuable guidance for policymakers and stakeholders, highlighting the need for tailored strategies to drive sustainable energy transition in different economic contexts.
Oxidation of TiC–SiC nanocomposite
Authors: Aréna Hélène , Coulibaly Moustapha , Pradeilles Nicolas , Mesbah Adel , Jonchère Alban , Arrachart Guilhem , Vandenhende Marion , Maître Alexandre , Bernard Samuel , Deschanels Xavier 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work aims at understanding the oxidation mechanism of a TiC–SiC nanocomposite ceramic material. Samples were subjected to heat treatments up to 1400°C under air, varying the relative density of the composite, the heating rate, and the dwell time. The weight variations were followed by thermogravimetric analyses coupled with mass spectrometry. The oxidized samples were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy on cross‐sections (SEM‐EDX) and their microstructure and composition were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM‐EDX). The oxidation process was also followed by in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction and high‐temperature environmental scanning electron microscopy. Until 1000°C, the formation of a multilayer alteration scale was observed, with a dense and protective SiO2 layer. Above 1200°C, this layer showed cracks, and the oxidation was increased. Based on the results, a three‐step mechanism was proposed for the temperature‐dependent conversion of TiC and SiC to the subsequent oxides.
On Medical Tourism Overseas: Ethical Analysis of the Duties of NHS Doctors in Managing the Negative Health Consequences of Accessing Medical Treatments Abroad
Authors: Armitage Richard C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAn increasing number of UK residents are travelling overseas to access medical treatments, the negative health consequences of which are largely managed by NHS doctors.MethodsThis paper performs an ethical analysis, using the ethical framework of principlism, of the duties of NHS doctors in managing these negative health consequences of medical tourism overseas.FindingsWhile the doctor's duty to respect patient autonomy contains a negative duty to not interfere with their choice to access medical treatment overseas, it also contains a positive duty to ensure this choice is informed. This requires those considering medical tourism overseas to be counselled on the risks. This should take place directly by counselling, and indirectly through public health messaging. Beneficence requires the doctor to promote the patient's health, therefore obligating them to treat complications of medical tourism overseas, to intervene if poor cosmetic outcomes negatively impact the patient's mental health, and to refer the patient if the necessary aftercare is insufficiently or entirely unavailable on the NHS. Beneficence also requires doctors to remove harm, meaning they must counsel patients about the risks of medical tourism overseas to minimise the risk of negative health consequences. Justice requires NHS doctors to care for patients according to their clinical needs regardless of how that need has arisen, including the negative health consequences of medical tourism abroad, and requires NHS doctors to minimise these negative health consequences to minimise the scarce resources allocated to addressing them. The duty of non‐maleficence is not relevant in this context.ConclusionAmongst other requirements, this paper finds that NHS doctors must counsel those considering medical tourism overseas on the risks of doing so, and existing efforts to do so should be increased to reflect the increasing prevalence of medical tourism overseas by UK residents and the associated negative health consequences.
Application of Conservation Genomics to Investigate the Role of Pathogens on the Migration of Sea‐Run Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
Authors: Lennox Robert J. , Eldøy Sindre H. , Schulze Angela D. , Miller Kristina M. , Isaksen Trond Einar , Davidsen Jan G. , Nilsen Cecilie I. , Dahlmo Lotte S. , Vollset Knut Wiik 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPathogens play a key role in individual function and the dynamics of wild populations, but the link between pathogens and individual performance has rarely been investigated in the wild. Migrating salmonids offer an ideal study system to investigate how infection with pathogens affects performance given that climate change and fish farming portend increasing prevalence of pathogens in wild populations. To test for effects of pathogen burden on the performance of a migrating salmonid, we paired data from individual brown trout tagged with acoustic accelerometer transmitters and gill biopsies to investigate how pathogen infection affected whole animal activity during the spawning migration. Generalised additive models fitted to the acceleration data revealed individual and temporal variation in acceleration as expected, but also provided a significant effect of relative infection burden on acceleration. However, when linking this pathogen‐specific effect to a relevant bioenergetic change, it was evident that the effect had little impact on the exercise‐related oxygen consumption at the individual level, especially in cases where fish were not exerting high exercise activity. The results are a powerful example of how pairing non‐lethal biopsies with individual tracking technologies can be used to assess how pathogens impact fish in situ.
Using voice recognition and machine learning techniques for detecting patient‐reported outcomes from conversational voice in palliative care patients
Authors: Dong Lei , Hirayama Hideyuki , Zheng XueJiao , Masukawa Kento , Miyashita Mitsunori 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly used in palliative care to evaluate patients' symptoms and conditions. Healthcare providers often collect PROMs through conversations. However, the manual entry of these data into electronic medical records can be burdensome for healthcare providers. Voice recognition technology has been explored as a potential solution for alleviating this burden. However, research on voice recognition technology for palliative care is lacking. This study aimed to verify the use of voice recognition and machine learning to automatically evaluate PROMs using clinical conversation voice data.MethodsWe recruited 100 home‐based palliative care patients from February to May 2023, conducted interviews using the Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS), and transcribed their voice data using an existing voice recognition tool. We calculated the recognition rate and developed a machine learning model for symptom detection. Model performance was primarily evaluated using the F1 score, harmonic mean of the model's positive predictive value, and recall.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 80.6 years (SD, 10.8 years), and 34.0% were men. Thirteen patients had cancer, and 87 did not. The patient voice recognition rate of 55.6% (SD, 12.1%) was significantly lower than the overall recognition rate of 76.1% (SD, 6.4%). The F1 scores for the five total symptoms ranged from 0.31 to 0.46.ConclusionAlthough further improvements are necessary to enhance our model's performance, this study provides valuable insights into voice recognition and machine learning in clinical settings. We expect our findings will reduce the burden of recording PROMs on healthcare providers, increasing the wider use of PROMs.
Comparing the OurRelationship Program and Bibliotherapy for Parents Experiencing Couple Distress: A Randomized Pilot
Authors: Trillingsgaard Tea L. , Hansen Frederik Godt , Fentz Hanne Nørr 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe OurRelationship Program is an 8‐h web‐based program for distressed couples adapted from Integrative Behavioral Couple Therapy. In this pilot randomized controlled trial, we aimed to replicate results from the founders and test feasibility criteria for program implementation across cultures. We randomized 39 Danish, opposite‐sex, distressed, parenting couples to either the OurRelationship program or self‐guided bibliotherapy (a self‐help book with a reading guide). Results showed significant within‐group changes in couple and individual functioning; for the OurRelationship, small‐to‐large effect sizes (d = 0.46–1.35 for relationship functioning, d = 0.29–0.80 for individual functioning), and for Bibliotherapy, small‐to‐moderate changes (d = 0.49–0.75 for relationship functioning, d = 0.28–0.45 for individual functioning). Differences between conditions were insignificant, except for moderate differences in reductions of communication conflict (d = 0.79) and relationship negatives (d = 0.43) in favor of OurRelationship. While feasibility results were positive, a sustainable implementation requires a resourceful organization and large‐scale delivery.
Synthesis and characterisation of DOTA‐kisspeptin‐10 as a potential gallium‐68/lutetium‐177 pan‐tumour radiopharmaceutical
Authors: Kleynhans Janke , Reeve Robert , Driver Cathryn H. S. , Marjanovic‐Painter Biljana , Sathekge Mike , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Ebenhan Thomas , Millar Robert P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractKisspeptin (KISS1) and its cognate receptor (KISS1R) are implicated in the progression of various cancers. A gallium‐68 labelled kisspeptin‐10 (KP10), the minimal biologically active structure, has potential as a pan‐tumour radiopharmaceutical for the detection of cancers. Furthermore, a lutetium‐177 labelled KP10 could find therapeutic application in treating oncological diseases. DOTA (1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) was attached to the NH2‐terminus of KP10 as we posited from our previous publications that this modification would not impair biological activity. Here, we showed that the biological activity, as monitored by stimulation of inositol phosphate accumulation in HEK293 transfected with the KISS1R gene, was indeed similar for KP10 and DOTA‐KP10. The optimisation of radiolabelling with gallium‐68 and lutetium‐177 is described. Stability in serum, plasma and whole blood was also investigated. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution were established with micro‐PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computerised tomography) and ex vivo measurements. Dynamic studies with micro‐PET/CT demonstrated that background clearance for the radiopharmaceutical was rapid with a blood half‐life of 18 ± 3 min. DOTA‐KP10 demonstrated preserved functionality at KISS1R and good blood clearance. These results lay the foundation for the further development of DOTA‐KP10 analogues that have high binding affinity along with proteolytic resistance.