bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing components of uncertainty in demographic forecasts with an application to fiscal sustainability
Authors: Alho Juha , Lassila Jukka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen the future evolution of demographic processes is described in a stochastic setting, the challenge is to communicate the meaning of forecast uncertainty in an understandable way, to decision makers and public at large. For the purpose of risk communication, a formal setting is developed in which the roles of the demographic processes on point forecasts, and more generally, on predictive distributions, can be elucidated. The communication problem becomes central in fiscal decision making, when eventual forecast errors have differential implications on the value of the policy options being considered. Tax rate that is required to maintain financial sustainability, until a given target year, is used for illustration.
Immediate effects of individualized music listening on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hillebrand Mareike C. , Weise Lisette , Wilz Gabriele 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesEvidence suggests that individualized music listening (IML) can effectively reduce the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). So far, however, studies have been primarily based on questionnaire measures of BPSD completed by proxy. We therefore investigate effects of IML on BPSD based on systematic observation. We address the methodological limitations of previous observational studies by using a validated instrument, time‐based sampling, and longitudinal analytical methods.MethodsWe compared BPSD of nursing home residents with dementia in an IML intervention group (IG; n = 44) and a control group (CG; n = 46) in a randomized controlled trial (DRKS00013793; ISRCTN59052178). Trained raters observed 18 BPSD in 15 four‐minute intervals before, during and after an IML session. We used t‐tests to compare BPSD in the IG and CG before, during and after the session and piecewise latent curve modelling to compare BPSD trajectories across 1 hour.ResultsBPSD were observed less frequently in the IG than in the CG during, but not before or after the session. Likewise, whereas the CG experienced a stable trajectory of BPSD, the IG experienced a u‐shaped trajectory characterized by stability before the session, a decrease during the session, and increase after the session. There was significant interindividual variability in baseline BPSD and in the pre‐ and post‐session slopes.DiscussionOur results provide additional evidence that IML effectively reduces BPSD, although the effect is short‐lived. As IML rarely has negative side effects, is highly accepted and easily implemented, IML should be integrated into the everyday care routines for people with dementia.Clinical Trial RegistrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00013793; ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN59052178.
Alcohol consumption from midlife and risk of disabling dementia in a large population‐based cohort study in Japan
Authors: Shimizu Yoko , Sawada Norie , Ihira Hikaru , Abe Sarah Krull , Inoue Manami , Yasuda Nobufumi , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Iwasaki Motoki , Tsugane Shoichiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe association between alcohol consumption and dementia in Japanese is poorly understood, and use of single‐point alcohol assessment may cause measurement error. We explored this association in Japanese using repeated alcohol assessments.MethodsParticipants in the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study (JPHC Study) since 1990 and who were alive in 2006 were followed from 2006 until 2016 for dementia ascertainment. Disabling dementia was identified through long‐term care insurance records. Alcohol consumption was assessed at the 5‐year questionnaire survey (1995–1999) and drinking patterns were assessed on repeated follow‐up (2000–2003). We performed Cox proportional hazards models with age as the time‐scale with adjustment for various lifestyle factors and medical history using light consumption (<75 g ethanol/week, hereinafter “g”) as reference. Analysis considering death as a competing risk was also conducted.ResultsAmong 42,870 participants aged 54–84 years, 4802 cases of disabling dementia were newly diagnosed. Average years from alcohol assessment until dementia incidence was 14.9 years. Non‐drinkers and regular drinkers with ≥450 g at 5 years had adjusted HRs (95% CI) of 1.29 (1.12–1.47) and 1.34 (1.12–1.60). Patterns of long‐term abstinence, former drinking, and regular heavy weekly consumption of ≥450 g showed increased adjusted HRs of 1.61 (1.28–2.03), 2.54 (1.93–3.35), and 1.96 (1.49–2.59), respectively. Competing risk analysis yielded similar results.ConclusionsIn Japanese, non‐drinking and regular weekly consumption of ≥450 g from midlife were associated with high risk of disabling dementia compared with light drinking.
The Obligation of Engagement
Authors: Chambers Tod 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs many in the United States feel a need to take a side in the ongoing culture wars, the people who make up the field of bioethics have an obligation to directly engage with those who hold different political views. If bioethics is an academic field, it must also affirm the overall values of the academy to continually challenge central assumptions. If the field wishes to be a part of the development of public policy, it must be able to construct such policies that in some fundamental manner honor the values of the opposition.
Mapping the Moral Terrain of Clinical Deception
Authors: Brummett Abram , Salter Erica K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLegal precedent, professional‐society statements, and even many medical ethicists agree that some situations may call for a clinician to engage in an act of lying or nonlying deception of a patient or patient's family member. Still, the moral terrain of clinical deception is largely uncharted, and when it comes to practical guidance for clinicians, many might think that ethicists offer nothing more than the rule never to deceive. This guidance is insufficient to meet the real‐world demands of clinical practice, and this article endeavors to articulate a framework to help clinicians better navigate the ethics of clinical deceit. The framework articulates four morally relevant dimensions of a potential deceptive act that should be examined to better determine the moral justification that might be required: the target of the act, the nature of the information, the nature of the act, and the context of the act.
Deception, Pain, and Placebo: Applying the Brummett‐Salter Deception Framework
Authors: Wasserman Jason Adam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this commentary, I explore the usefulness of the framework Abram Brummett and Erica K. Salter present in their article “Mapping the Moral Terrain of Clinical Deception.” Deception cases are divisive because they nearly always evoke the metadilemma of clinical ethics: a clash between duties (in these cases, truth telling) and consequences (whatever good might come of the lie). Here, I describe a patient case in which the clinical team considered deceiving a patient about his pain‐medicine dosage in exchange for his allowing the clinicians to properly care for his percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube stoma, so as to prevent infection. Applying the framework that Brummett and Salter have developed helped our clinical team parse the numerous complex issues involved. The nuances of our case also illustrated additional ways in which the ethics of deception needs to be further refined.
Distressed Work: Chronic Imperatives and Distress in Covid‐19 Critical Care
Authors: Navuluri Neelima , Solomon Harris S. , Hargett Charles W. , Kussin Peter S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis ethnographic study introduces the term “distressed work” to describe the emergence of chronic frictions between moral imperatives for health care workers to keep working and the dramatic increase in distress during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Interviews and observant participation conducted in a hospital intensive care unit during the Covid‐19 pandemic reveal how health care workers connected job duties with extraordinary emotional, physical, and moral burdens. We explore tensions between perceived obligations of health care professionals and the structural contexts of work. Key findings cluster around the moral imperatives of health care work and the distress that work engendered as work spaces, senses of vocation, patient and family interactions, and end‐of‐life care shifted. While the danger of working beyond limits has long been an ordinary feature of health care work, it has now become a chronic crisis. Assessing this problem in terms of distressed work and its structural contexts can better address effective, worker‐informed responses to current health care labor dilemmas.
Reproducibility of cerebral perfusion measurements using BOLD delay
Authors: Khalil Ahmed A. , Tanritanir Ayse C. , Grittner Ulrike , Kirilina Evgeniya , Villringer Arno , Fiebach Jochen B. , Mekle Ralf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBOLD delay is an emerging, noninvasive method for assessing cerebral perfusion that does not require the use of intravenous contrast agents and is thus particularly suited for longitudinal monitoring. In this study, we assess the reproducibility of BOLD delay using data from 136 subjects with normal cerebral perfusion scanned on two separate occasions with scanners, sequence parameters, and intervals between scans varying between subjects. The effects of various factors on the reproducibility of BOLD delay, defined here as the differences in BOLD delay values between the scanning sessions, were investigated using a linear mixed model. Reproducibility was additionally assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient of BOLD delay between sessions. Reproducibility was highest in the posterior cerebral artery territory. The mean BOLD delay test–retest difference after accounting for the aforementioned factors was 1.2 s (95% CI = 1.0 to 1.4 s). Overall, BOLD delay shows good reproducibility, but care should be taken when interpreting longitudinal BOLD delay changes that are either very small or are located in certain brain regions.
Swallowing analysis in hemi‐tongue reconstruction using motor‐innervated free flaps: A cine‐magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Kim Young Chul , Lee Seok Joon , Park Hojin , Choi Young Jun , Jeong Woo Shik , Lee Yoon Se , Choi Kyoung Hyo , Oh Tae Suk , Choi Jong Woo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to explore the outcomes of motor‐innervated free flaps in hemi‐tongue reconstruction by assessing the tongue mobility through midsagittal images from cine‐magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 47 patients who underwent tongue reconstruction following hemi‐glossectomy and 10 control subjects without any surgical history were included. Patients were classified into two groups: the motor and no‐motor innervation group. Various spatial parameters related to tongue mobility that were acquired from midsagittal sections were compared during consecutive swallowing phases.ResultsOverall, the motor group showed improved functional swallowing scale compared with the no‐motor group. In case of tongue base resection, the motor group showed improved mobility of the tongue base during pharyngeal phase, whereas the no‐motor group showed increased laryngeal elevation for compensatory movement.ConclusionThe tongue reconstruction with motor‐innervated free flaps may facilitate swallowing capacity in patients with a hemi‐tongue defect combined with tongue base resection.
From Bolsonaro to Lula: The opportunity to rebuild universal healthcare in Brazil in the government transition
Authors: Chioro Arthur , Gomes Temporão José , Massuda Adriano , Costa Humberto , Castro Marcia C. , Lima Nísia Trindade de 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper takes the government transition that took place between 2022 and 2023 in Brazil as a case study and aims to analyse how a cycle of radical right‐wing populist government acted to dismantle Brazil's national health system foundations. It describes how governance was built based on political‐clientelism and market‐privatising interests and on the adoption of long‐term fiscal austerity policies, whose results are public defunding and weakening and disorganisation of the country's national health system, with a significant worsening of health indicators and the capacity to respond to the population health needs. The lessons from recent experience in Brazil should serve as learning and a source of academic and political reflection, since there is an ongoing international movement and signs of rise of radical right‐wing populist regimes in several countries, which endanger the Democratic Rule of Law, institutions, and social policies. It allows putting into perspective how political cycles of this nature can affect national universal health systems, including those that have experienced substantial progress towards universal access and universal health coverage. Keeping in mind the Brazilian experience, it was possible to observe the progressive structuring of a radical right‐wing neo‐populism and in the sanitarian.
Forty‐seven year trend of measles in Iran: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Alimohamadi Yousef , Sepandi Mojtaba 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimMeasles is an acute viral infectious disease usually characterized by erythematous maculopapular rash and sometimes pneumonia, diarrhea, and Central Nervous System disturbance. The current study aimed to describe the trend of measles in Iran before and after the 1978 revolution and COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn the current quasi‐experimental study, we used annual data on confirmed cases of measles in Iran, from 1974 to 2021. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization website. An interrupted time series model was used to assess the effect of different events on the incidence of measles.ResultsThe trend of new cases increase every year until 1980 according to the preintervention slope of 2040 (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1965–2045; p < 0.31). After Iran's revolution, the occurrence of new cases significantly decreased (−845 [95% CI = −1262 to −432; p = 0.001]). After the COVID‐19 pandemic, the trend of new cases significantly increased (41 [95% CI = 12–70; p = 0.006]).ConclusionIt seems that social or health‐related events are among the effective factors on the incidence of measles. But with maintaining vaccination coverage in the community and vaccination of immigrants, this fluctuation in the disease trend can be decreased.
eaQTLdb: An atlas of enhancer activity quantitative trait loci across cancer types
Authors: Yuan Jiapei , Tong Yang , Liu Xiaochuan , Li Mulin Jun , Zhang Qiang , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnhancers are key regulatory elements that exert crucial roles in diverse biological processes, including tumorigenesis and cancer development. Active enhancers could produce transcripts termed enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), which could be used as an index of enhancer activity. Here, we present a versatile data portal, enhancer activity quantitative trait loci database (eaQTLdb; http://www.bioailab.com:3838/eaQTLdb), for exploring the effects of genetic variants on enhancer activity and prioritizing candidate variants across different cancer types. By leveraging the accumulated multiomics data, we systematically identified genetic variants which influence enhancer activity in different cancer types, termed as eaQTLs. We have linked the eaQTLs to hallmarks of cancer and patients' overall survival to illustrate their potential biological roles in cancer development and progression. Notably, eaQTLs associated with the infiltration abundance of 24 different immune cell types were identified and incorporated into eaQTLdb. In addition, we applied colocalization analyses to examine 59 complex diseases and traits to identify eaQTLs colocalized with diseases/traits GWAS signals. Overall, eaQTLdb, incorporating a rich resource for exploration of eaQTLs in different cancer types, will not only benefit users in prioritizing candidate genetic variants and enhancers, but also help researchers decipher the roles of eaQTLs in the dysregulated pathways of cancer and tumor immune microenvironment, opening new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in precise medicine.
An exploration of parenting styles, cultural values, and infant development in a sample of Latin American immigrants in Canada
Authors: Hamel Kayla , Abdelmaseh Marette , Bohr Yvonne 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of the current research was to investigate the relationship between parenting style, culture, and infant development in a sample of Latin American mother‐infant dyads in Toronto, Canada. We examined associations between mothers’ self‐reported parenting style and infant cognitive and socioemotional development, which we compared to results from mothers belonging to two other Canadian immigrant populations. We further examined whether specific cultural correlates, including affiliation with traditional Latinx cultural beliefs familism and fatalism and acculturation, were associated with positive parenting behaviors in the Latin American sample. Across all three cultural groups, authoritative parenting predicted adaptive socio‐emotional development, an effect which differed in magnitude across groups, providing support for the hypothesis that the effect of parenting behaviors on infant development are moderated by culture. Within the Latin American sample, affiliation with the value of familism was associated with higher scores of authoritative parenting, but familism decreased as acculturation to the host culture increased. This research adds to our understanding of factors that contribute to the well‐being of Latin American families in Canada. Findings carry implications for provision of infant mental health services to Latin American immigrant families by identifying cultural variables which should be considered when providing parenting interventions to make such interventions more culturally relevant.
Research and scholarly methods: Measuring medication adherence
Authors: Shah Kanya K. , Touchette Daniel R. , Marrs Joel C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMedication adherence is the extent to which a patient follows prescribed directions when taking a medication. Research examining interventions relating to medication adherence is becoming increasingly important for payers, providers, and researchers to inform clinical practice and utilization policies for medications. Multiple methods exist for measuring medication adherence, and the choice of methodology should be based on research design, data availability, and study aims. In this review, common methods for measuring medication adherence in retrospective studies using claims‐based data, prospective studies using data collected by the research team in real‐time, and patient/caregiver/clinician reported approaches using survey/interview data are discussed to facilitate research and review of studies involving medication adherence. For retrospective studies, this review discusses metrics designed to calculate medication adherence based on fills or dispense dates and days supplied. Such metrics include medication possession ratio (MPR) and proportion of days covered (PDC). A brief introduction of measuring adherence to multiple medications and group‐based trajectory modeling (GBTM) is included. For assessing adherence in prospective studies, a discussion on objective observational methods, such as pill counts and therapeutic drug monitoring and specialized pill bottle or cap devices, is covered. Lastly, for studies assessing patient/caregiver/clinician reported outcomes, a discussion of how diaries, interviews, and surveys/questionnaires/interviews can be used to measure medication adherence is reviewed.
Use of the benchmark‐dose (BMD) approach to derive occupational exposure limits (OELs) for genotoxic carcinogens: N‐nitrosamines
Authors: Blum Kamila , FitzGerald Rex , Wilks Martin F. , Barle Ester Lovsin , Hopf Nancy B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractN‐Nitrosamines are potent carcinogens and considered non‐threshold carcinogens in various regulatory domains. However, recent data indicate the existence of a threshold for genotoxicity, which can be adequately demonstrated. This aspect has a critical impact on selecting the methodology that is applied to derive occupational exposure limits (OELs). OELs are used to protect workers potentially exposed to various chemicals by supporting the selection of appropriate control measures and ultimately reducing the risk of occupational cancer. Occupational exposures to nitrosamines occur during manufacturing processes, mainly in the rubber and chemical industry. The present study derives OELs for inhaled N‐nitrosamines, employing the benchmark dose (BMD) approach if data are adequate and read‐across for nitrosamines without adequate data. Additionally, benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL) is preferred and more suitable point‐of‐departure (PoD) to calculate human health guidance values, including OEL. The lowest OEL (0.2 μg/m3) was derived for nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), and nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) (OEL = 0.2 μg/m3), followed by nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) (0.4 μg/m3), nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrosodimethylamine (NMEA), and nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA) (0.5 μg/m3), nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) (OEL = 1 μg/m3), and nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) (OEL = 2.5 μg/m3). Limits based on “non‐threshold” TD50 slope calculation were within a 10‐fold range. These proposed OELs do not consider skin absorption of nitrosamines, which is also a possible route of entry into the body, nor oral or other environmental sources. Furthermore, we recommend setting a limit for total nitrosamines based on the occupational exposure scenario and potency of components.
3D printed wound constructs for skin tissue engineering: A systematic review in experimental animal models
Authors: de Souza Amanda , Martignago Cintia Cristina Santi , Santo Giovanna do Espirito , Sousa Karolyne dos Santos Jorge , Cruz Matheus Almeida , Amaral Gustavo Oliva , Parisi Julia Risso , Estadella Débora , Ribeiro Daniel Araki , Granito Renata Neves , Renno Ana Claudia Muniz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWound dressings are one of the most used treatments for chronic wounds. Moreover, 3D printing has been emerging as a promising strategy for printing 3D printed wound constructs, being able of manufacturing multi layers, with a solid 3D structure. Although all these promising effects of 3D printed wound constructs, there is still few studies and limited understanding of the interaction of these dressings with skin tissue and their effect on the process of skin wound healing. In this context, the aim of this work was to perform a systematic review of the literature to examine the effects of 3D printed wound constructs on the process of skin wound healing in animal models. The articles were selected from three databases following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) descriptors “3D printing,” “skin,” “wound,” and “in vivo.” After the selection, exclusion and inclusion criteria, nine articles were analyzed. This review confirms the significant benefits of using 3D printed wound constructs for skin repair and regeneration. All the used inks demonstrated the ability of mimicking the structure of skin tissue and promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and mobility. Furthermore, in vivo findings showed full wound closure in most of the studies, with well‐organized dermal and epidermal layers.