bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China and EU’s wisdom in choosing competition soft law or hard law in the digital era: a perfect match?
Authors: Zheng Kena , Snyder Francis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of digital technologies has led to the emergence of new business models benefiting consumers in their searching, shopping and communicating activities. However, it also challenges the applicable competition law framework and enforcement. Although there seems to be a global consensus on the need to update competition law, the EU and China have chosen different regulatory tools—hard law and soft law, respectively—to address the new and complex challenges facing the competition governance of digital markets. This paper aims to explore why the EU opted for hard law while China opted for soft law, and to further examine whether the selected regulatory tool is the most appropriate in the specific context. By analyzing and comparing characteristics of the digital market and competition institutions’ powers in the EU and China, the paper concludes firstly, that, through the use of hard law, the EU is able protect the Internal Market and at the same time overcome the inflexibility of hard law by adding review articles. Secondly, the paper concludes that, through the use of soft law, China is able to take advantage of soft law to rapidly respond to public attention in the digital market and, at the same time, overcome the non-legally binding force of soft law by strengthening the power of its competition authority.
Olfactory cues of mate quality in mammals: inflammatory response is higher in males of long-nosed bats with odorous dorsal patch
Authors: Herrera M. L. Gerardo , Hernández-Arciga Ulalume , González-Carcacía José Antonio , Nassar Jafet M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBats use olfactory signals to provide information of species and individual identity and quality. Males of two species of long-nosed bats, Leptonycteris curasoae and L. yerbabuenae, display an odoriferous dorsal patch during the mating season that is involved in mate choice. The dorsal patch is documented to serve as an indicator of male quality; for instance, males with dorsal patch present larger testes and lower ectoparasite loads. We evaluated the role of the dorsal patch in males of L. curasoae and L. yerbabuenae as an indicator of inflammatory response 6 and 12 h after being injected with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We found that the inflammatory response of males of both species was not different between reproductively active bats with or without dorsal patch 6 h after PHA injection, but the response was higher in bats with dorsal patch 12 h after the injection. Our study adds to the evidence that the dorsal patch exhibited by males of long-nosed bats indicates their immune quality for mating females. Further work including other branches of the immune system and the potential role of microbiota in the strength of the inflammatory response is warranted.
Self-Healing MXene- and Graphene-Based Composites: Properties and Applications
Authors: Zarepour Atefeh , Ahmadi Sepideh , Rabiee Navid , Zarrabi Ali , Iravani Siavash 
Published: April 2023

AbstractToday, self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications. Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites with enhanced sensitivity, stretchability, and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity, healing efficacy, mechanical properties, and energy conversion efficacy. These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors, supercapacitors, anticorrosive coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, electronic-skin, soft robotics, etc. However, it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability, suitable adhesiveness, ideal durability, high stretchability, immediate self-healing responsibility, and outstanding electromagnetic features. Besides, optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated. MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area, which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications. However, flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications. Herein, the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites are deliberated, focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
Course-prerequisite networks for analyzing and understanding academic curricula
Authors: Stavrinides Pavlos , Zuev Konstantin M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding a complex system of relationships between courses is of great importance for the university’s educational mission. This paper is dedicated to the study of course-prerequisite networks (CPNs), where nodes represent courses and directed links represent the formal prerequisite relationships between them. The main goal of CPNs is to model interactions between courses, represent the flow of knowledge in academic curricula, and serve as a key tool for visualizing, analyzing, and optimizing complex curricula. First, we consider several classical centrality measures, discuss their meaning in the context of CPNs, and use them for the identification of important courses. Next, we describe the hierarchical structure of a CPN using the topological stratification of the network. Finally, we perform the interdependence analysis, which allows to quantify the strength of knowledge flow between university divisions and helps to identify the most intradependent, influential, and interdisciplinary areas of study. We discuss how course-prerequisite networks can be used by students, faculty, and administrators for detecting important courses, improving existing and creating new courses, navigating complex curricula, allocating teaching resources, increasing interdisciplinary interactions between departments, revamping curricula, and enhancing the overall students’ learning experience. The proposed methodology can be used for the analysis of any CPN, and it is illustrated with a network of courses taught at the California Institute of Technology. The network data analyzed in this paper is publicly available in the GitHub repository.
Dekolonisiert Euch! Kritische Betrachtungen der Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
Authors: Buckley-Zistel Susanne , Koloma Beck Teresa 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Gegenwart der kolonialen und imperialen Vergangenheit ist in den letzten Jahren auch in Deutschland zunehmend zum Gegenstand öffentlicher Diskurse geworden. So überrascht es nicht, dass sich auch die Friedens- und Konfliktforschung vermehrt mit diesem Thema befasst, richtet sich ihr Fokus doch häufig auf Konflikte, die sich außerhalb Europas oder an den Peripherien des Kontinents ereignen, diesen aber oft direkt betreffen und mit der europäischen Geschichte aufs Engste verflochten sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wirft dieses Forum Schlaglichter auf einige aktuelle Debatten, die sich der postkolonialen Gegenwart stellen. Die Zusammenstellung der Beiträge ist einem interdisziplinären Verständnis des Forschungsfelds verpflichtet, neben den Sozialwissenschaften kommen auch die Geschichts- und die Rechtswissenschaften zu Wort. Der Titel des Forums – Dekolonisiert Euch! – ist bewusst herausfordernd gewählt. Er will das bereits Erreichte nicht leugnen, sondern daran erinnern, dass Entwicklungen in der Gegenwart immer wieder neu zur Reflexion der kolonialen Vergangenheit auffordern.
Phenological responses of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) to climate warming in China based on long-term historical data
Authors: Cai Pumo , Song Yunzhe , Meng Litao , Lin Jia , Zhao Mengting , Wu Qingfeng , Nie Chuanpeng , Li Yanyan , Ji Qinge 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt is well accepted that the phenology of insects whose life activities are closely related to temperature is changing in response to global climate warming. To investigate the impacts of climate warming on the phenology of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) across large temporal and spatial scales, this study collected historical data on the occurrence and population dynamic of this pest in China, and systematically explored its phenological responses. The results showed a delayed trend for the dates of first occurrence, end occurrence, population initial growth, and population peak of B. dorsalis in China during 40 years, and the changes of the latter two phenological parameters were significant. The mean temperature in spring and summer were the key climatic factors affecting the occurrence and population growth of B. dorsalis in China, respectively. Moreover, the B. dorsalis data in eastern, southern, central, and southwestern China showed spatial heterogeneity of phenological responses to climate warming at a regional scale. B. dorsalis phenology and their changing patterns with climate warming varied by geographical location. This study provides valuable information for future monitoring, prediction, and prevention of the oriental fruit fly in the context of climate warming.
Multi-Model Reasoning in Economics: The Case of COMPASS
Authors: Jhun Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEconomists often consult multiple models in order to combat model uncertainty in the face of misspecification. By examining modeling practices at the Bank of England, this paper identifies an important, but underappreciated modeling procedure. Sometimes an idealized model is manipulated to reproduce the results from another distinct auxiliary model, ones which it could not produce on its own. However, this procedure does not involve making the original model “more realistic,” insofar as this means adding in additional causal factors. This suggests that there are ways to make models more representationally adequate that do not involve de-idealization in the straightforward sense.
Associations between aberrant working memory-related neural activity and cognitive impairments in somatically healthy, remitted patients with mood disorders
Authors: Macoveanu Julian , Petersen Jeff Zarp , Fisher Patrick M. , Kessing Lars Vedel , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPersistent cognitive deficits are prevalent in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and unipolar disorder (UD), but treatments effectively targeting cognition in these mood disorders are lacking. This is partly due to poor insight into the neuronal underpinnings of cognitive deficits.MethodsThe aim of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was to investigate the neuronal underpinnings of working memory (WM)-related deficits in somatically healthy, remitted patients with BD or UD (n = 66) with cognitive and functional impairments compared to 38 healthy controls (HC). The participants underwent neuropsychological testing and fMRI, while performing a visuospatial and a verbal N-back WM paradigm.ResultsRelative to HC, patients exhibited hypo-activity across dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as frontal and parietal nodes of the cognitive control network (CCN) and hyper-activity in left orbitofrontal cortex within the default mode network (DMN) during both visuospatial and verbal WM performance. Verbal WM-related response in the left posterior superior frontal gyrus (SFG) within CCN was lower in patients and correlated positively with out-of-scanner executive function performance across all participants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive impairments across BD and UD are associated with insufficient recruitment of task-relevant regions in the CCN and down-regulation of task-irrelevant orbitofrontal activity within the DMN during task performance. Specifically, a lower recruitment of the left posterior SFG within CCN during verbal WM was associated with lower cognitive performance.
The Picard group of vertex affinoids in the first Drinfeld covering
Authors: TAYLOR JAMES 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLetFbe a finite extension of${\mathbb Q}_p$. Let$\Omega$be the Drinfeld upper half plane, and$\Sigma^1$the first Drinfeld covering of$\Omega$. We study the affinoid open subset$\Sigma^1_v$of$\Sigma^1$above a vertex of the Bruhat–Tits tree for$\text{GL}_2(F)$. Our main result is that$\text{Pic}\!\left(\Sigma^1_v\right)[p] = 0$, which we establish by showing that$\text{Pic}({\mathbf Y})[p] = 0$for${\mathbf Y}$the Deligne–Lusztig variety of$\text{SL}_2\!\left({\mathbb F}_q\right)$. One formal consequence is a description of the representation$H^1_{{\acute{\text{e}}\text{t}}}\!\left(\Sigma^1_v, {\mathbb Z}_p(1)\right)$of$\text{GL}_2(\mathcal{O}_F)$as thep-adic completion of$\mathcal{O}\!\left(\Sigma^1_v\right)^\times$.
The effect of childhood maltreatment on adult survivors’ parental reflective function, and attachment of their children: A systematic review
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Elmie , Woolard Alix , Hill Nicole T.M. , Reid Carol , Milroy Helen , Ohan Jeneva L. , Lin Ashleigh , Chamberlain Catherine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground:Parental reflective function (PRF) is a candidate mechanism in the transmission of intergenerational trauma. This systematic review examined (1) the association between parental history of childhood maltreatment and PRF, (2) how PRF relates to attachment in children of parent survivors, and (3) whether PRF moderates the association between parental maltreatment history and child attachment.Methods:Ten databases were searched (from inception to 10th November 2021). Inclusion criteria were primary study, quantitative, parent participants, measures of childhood maltreatment, and postnatal PRF. Exclusion criteria were qualitative, intervention follow-up, gray literature, or a review study. Risk of bias was assessed using recommended tools. Data were narratively synthesized.Results:One-thousand-and-two articles were retrieved, of which eleven met inclusion criteria (N = 974 participants). Four studies found a significant association between parental childhood maltreatment and disrupted PRF, six did not, one found mixed results. One study reported the association between childhood maltreatment and attachment (nonsignificant results).Discussion:There is no clear evidence PRF is routinely disrupted in parent survivors, though there is high heterogeneity in studies. Future research should standardize design to better understand whether PRF is a candidate mechanism in intergenerational trauma.Other:PROSPERO CRD42020223594
Performance evaluation of Marwari lambs for growth traits and impact of inbreeding
Authors: Vyas Jayesh , Pannu Urmila , Saran Ram Kumar , Narula H.K. , Chopra Ashish , Gowane G.R. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThis study aimed at the performance evaluation of a closed flock of Marwari sheep and also to study the effect of accumulated inbreeding on the growth traits using a linear mixed model methodology. The data generated for 39 years (1981 to 2020) on Marwari sheep maintained at ICAR-Central Sheep & Wool Research Institute, Arid Region Campus (CSWRI, ARC), Bikaner, Rajasthan, India were used for analysis on growth traits. The overall least-squares means (LSM) of live weights at birth (BWT), weaning (3MWT), 6 months (6MWT), 9 months (9MWT) and 12 months (12MWT) were observed to be 3.02 ± 0.01, 14.30 ± 0.04, 20.12 ± 0.05, 23.68 ± 0.06 and 26.39 ± 0.07 kg, respectively. Overall LSM for average daily gain from birth to 3 months (ADG1), 3 to 6 months (ADG2) and 6 to 12 months (ADG3) were 125.44 ± 0.40, 67.37 ± 0.40 and 35.83 ± 0.29 g/day, respectively. Kleiber ratio (KR) from birth to 3 months (KR1), 3 to 6 months (KR2), and 6 to 12 months (KR3) were 16.78 ± 0.02, 6.58 ± 0.04 and 3.05 ± 0.02, respectively. Results revealed a 4.36, 25.83, 36.33, 31.50 and 28.99% improvement in the live weights since the inception of the improvement programme. This is also reflected by a significant effect of sire on all the growth traits. The estimate of inbreeding in the flock was 1.55%. Highly inbred animals were 5.13% (>5% Fi). The study revealed the non-significant effect of inbreeding level on all growth traits except for BWT and KR3. For BWT, inbreeding classes had variation; however, a negative effect was not seen. The inbreeding class (>5% Fi) was reduced by 0.05 units for KR3 as against its preceding class. Dam’s age at lambing and weight influenced the birth weight and subsequent weights. The study concluded that the selection programme of Marwari sheep is in the right direction; however, regular monitoring of inbreeding is necessary and factors affecting growth must be monitored to attain better growth rates in the nucleus.
Benefits and Limitations of Environmental Magnetism for Completing Citizen Science on Air Quality: A Case Study in a Street Canyon
Authors: Letaïef S. , Scotto‐d’Apollonia L. , Dosias‐Perla D. , Pinero C. , Perier R. , Nicol P. , Camps P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper details the operating experience about a case study carried out as a citizen science approach to monitor magnetic particulate matter (PM) in a street canyon in Montpellier, France. A total of 60 passive filters and 12 Hedera Helix pot plants were deployed in 29 households for a period of 3 months, from December 2020 to March 2021. This street canyon was chosen by the academic team because dwellers were already mobilized against the street traffic and its adverse environmental effect on air quality, and because they were in conflict on this issue with policy makers. Despite the project aimed at including all the stakeholders through co‐construction, dwellers, elected officials, and staff from technical department of the city were not fully embedded. The announcement of the closure of the street to through traffic during the metrological campaign and the absence of agreement curbed their involvement and motivation. However, the feedbacks from the citizen partners promote the fact that this study supported their claims and brought them a deeper understanding on the micro‐scale air quality monitoring. Indeed, it is increasingly difficult for citizens, who seemed specifically interested in what is happening right outside their front door, to understand this measure with the emergence of ever more low‐cost sensors. For that reason, we examined the citizen's degree of confidence in magnetic monitoring of air quality and how can this technique be useful in their claims. The results show that magnetism can be a measurement technique favorable to citizen participation because it provides a large amount of data at the micro‐scale of the street, while the data from the certified associations for monitoring air quality requires a spatial interpolation to map variations on a neighborhood scale. In this study, we proposed a magnetic air quality index to standardize and democratize the magnetic monitoring of air quality to facilitate the dialogue with all stakeholders.
Development and validation of anthropometric-based fat-mass prediction equations using air displacement plethysmography in Mexican infants
Authors: Rodríguez-Cano Ameyalli M. , Piña-Ramírez Omar , Rodríguez-Hernández Carolina , Mier-Cabrera Jennifer , Villalobos-Alcazar Gicela , Estrada-Gutierrez Guadalupe , Cardona-Pérez Arturo , Coronado-Zarco Alejandra , Perichart-Perera Otilia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background/Objectives
Fat-mass (FM) assessment since birth using valid methodologies is crucial since excessive adiposity represents a risk factor for adverse metabolic outcomes. Aim: To develop infant FM prediction equations using anthropometry and validate them against air-displacement plethysmography (ADP).

Subjects/Methods
Clinical, anthropometric (weight, length, body-mass index –BMI–, circumferences, and skinfolds), and FM (ADP) data were collected from healthy-term infants at 1 (n = 133), 3 (n = 105), and 6 (n = 101) months enrolled in the OBESO perinatal cohort (Mexico City). FM prediction models were developed in 3 steps: 1) Variable Selection (LASSO regression), 2) Model behavior evaluation (12-fold cross-validation, using Theil-Sen regressions), and 3) Final model evaluation (Bland-Altman plots, Deming regression).

Results
Relevant variables in the FM prediction models included BMI, circumferences (waist, thigh, and calf), and skinfolds (waist, triceps, subscapular, thigh, and calf). The R2 of each model was 1 M: 0.54, 3 M: 0.69, 6 M: 0.63. Predicted FM showed high correlation values (r ≥ 0.73, p < 0.001) with FM measured with ADP. There were no significant differences between predicted vs measured FM (1 M: 0.62 vs 0.6; 3 M: 1.2 vs 1.35; 6 M: 1.65 vs 1.76 kg; p > 0.05). Bias were: 1 M −0.021 (95%CI: −0.050 to 0.008), 3 M: 0.014 (95%CI: 0.090–0.195), 6 M: 0.108 (95%CI: 0.046–0.169).

Conclusion
Anthropometry-based prediction equations are inexpensive and represent a more accessible method to estimate body composition. The proposed equations are useful for evaluating FM in Mexican infants.
A novel variant in NBAS identified from an infant with fever-triggered recurrent acute liver failure disrupts the function of the gene
Authors: Ji Juhua , Yang Mingming , Jia JunJun , Wu Qi , Cong Ruochen , Cui Hengxiang , Zhu Baofeng , Chu Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMutations in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS) gene correlate with infantile acute liver failure (ALF). Herein, we identified a novel NBAS mutation in a female infant diagnosed with recurrent ALF. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing revealed that the proband carried a compound heterozygous mutation (c.938_939delGC and c.1342 T > C in NBAS). NBAS c.938_939delGC was presumed to encode a truncated protein without normal function, whereas NBAS c.1342 T > C encoded NBAS harboring the conserved Cys448 residue mutated to Arg448 (p.C448R). The proportion of CD4 + T cells decreased in the patient’s peripheral CD45 + cells, whereas that of CD8 + T cells increased. Moreover, upon transfecting the same amount of DNA expression vector (ectopic expression) encoding wild-type NBAS and p.C448R NBAS, the group transfected with the p.C448R NBAS-expressing vector expressed less NBAS mRNA and protein. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the same amount of p.C448R NBAS protein as the wild-type resulted in more intracellular reactive oxygen species and the induction of apoptosis and expression of marker proteins correlating with endoplasmic reticulum stress in more cultured cells. This study indicated that p.C448R NBAS has a function different from that of wild-type NBAS and that the p.C448R NBAS mutation potentially affects T-cell function and correlates with ALF.
Ripply suppresses Tbx6 to induce dynamic-to-static conversion in somite segmentation
Authors: Yabe Taijiro , Uriu Koichiro , Takada Shinji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe metameric pattern of somites is created based on oscillatory expression of clock genes in presomitic mesoderm. However, the mechanism for converting the dynamic oscillation to a static pattern of somites is still unclear. Here, we provide evidence that Ripply/Tbx6 machinery is a key regulator of this conversion. Ripply1/Ripply2-mediated removal of Tbx6 protein defines somite boundary and also leads to cessation of clock gene expression in zebrafish embryos. On the other hand, activation ofripply1/ripply2mRNA and protein expression is periodically regulated by clock oscillation in conjunction with an Erk signaling gradient. Whereas Ripply protein decreases rapidly in embryos, Ripply-triggered Tbx6 suppression persists long enough to complete somite boundary formation. Mathematical modeling shows that a molecular network based on results of this study can reproduce dynamic-to-static conversion in somitogenesis. Furthermore, simulations with this model suggest that sustained suppression of Tbx6 caused by Ripply is crucial in this conversion.