bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrode Montage Induced Changes in Air-Conducted Ocular Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential
Authors: Raveendran Rajesh Kumar , Singh Niraj Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Stimulus and recording parameters are pivotal for shaping the ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP). In the last decade, several attempts were made to identify the optimum electrode placement site to improve the oVEMP responses. A vast majority of these found larger response amplitudes for alternate electrode montages like belly-tendon (BT), chin-referenced (CR), and/or sternum-referenced montages than the clinically used infra-orbital montage. However, no study has yet compared all alternate electrode montages in a simultaneous recording paradigm to eliminate other confounding factors. Also, no study has compared all of them for their test–retest reliability, waveform morphology, and signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the decision on which among these electrode montages is best suited for oVEMP acquisition remains opaque. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of various electrode montages on oVEMP’s response parameters and to determine the test–retest reliability of each of these in clinically healthy individuals using a simultaneous recording paradigm.

Design:
This study had a within-subject experimental design. Fifty-five young healthy adults (age range: 20–30 years) underwent contralateral oVEMP recording using infra-orbital, BT, chin-referenced, and sternum-referenced electrode montages simultaneously using a four-channel evoked potential system.

Results:
BT montage had a significantly shorter latency, larger amplitude, higher signal-to-noise ratio, and better morphology than other alternate montages (p < 0.008). Further, all electrode montages of the current study showed fair/moderate to excellent test–retest reliability.

Conclusions:
By virtue of producing significantly better response parameters than the other electrode montages, BT montage seems better suited to the recording of oVEMP than the known electrode montages thus far.
An Analysis of Scoliosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Orland Keith , Harvey Kaela , Klinkerman Lydia N. , Corrales Arturo , Jamnik Adam , Zale Connor , Jo Chan-Hee , Rathjen Karl , McIntosh Amy , Petrasic Jason , Sucato Daniel J. , Ramo Brandon , Johnson Megan , Brooks Jaysson T. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Children with autism/Asperger are grouped into the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It remains uncertain whether children with ASD and scoliosis have radiographic and clinical outcomes similar to idiopathic scoliosis (IS) patients.

Methods:
A single-center, retrospective review of a prospective scoliosis registry evaluated patients who had a posterior spinal fusion±Anterior Spinal Fusion and an underlying diagnosis of ASD between 1990 and 2021. A 2:1 match with AIS patients by age and sex was compared using demographic, radiographic, intraoperative, and SRS-22/30 variables.

Results:
Thirty patients with ASD (63% male, mean age at surgery 14.6±2.5 y) met inclusion criteria, with a follow-up of 2.46±1.00 years. Despite no differences in curve magnitude preoperatively, patients with ASD had a higher percent correction at 2-year follow-up (66% vs. 57%, P=0.01) and improved mean curve magnitude (20±10 degrees) at 2-year follow-up compared with IS patients (27±11 degrees, P<0.01). ASD patients had less lumbar lordosis preoperatively (40±12 vs. 53±14, P<0.01), but there were no significant differences in sagittal parameters at 2-year follow-up. There were no significant differences in the rate of complications at 2-year follow-up between ASD and AIS cohorts.

Conclusions:
Although patients with ASD exhibited decreased lordosis compared with IS patients preoperatively, their radiographic outcomes at 2-year follow-up were the same. In addition, ASD patients maintained greater curve correction than IS patients at 2 years follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic retrospective study.
Mobile programs in family planning
Authors: Kaur Simranvir , Lathrop Eva 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Mobile health outreach programs are an alternative way to provide family planning services for rural populations or populations affected by conflict, outbreaks, or humanitarian crises. Here, we review the current literature about mobile health outreach programs in family planning.

Recent findings
Mobile health outreach programs are effective in delivering family planning services by increasing access to family planning services including expanding method choice, contributing to resilient healthcare models, and advancing reproductive justice.
Mobile health outreach programs may be a reasonable, cost saving, person-centered alternative to delivering healthcare particularly when traditional systems are strained.

Summary
Mobile health outreach programs in family planning exist in the United States and globally. Current literature suggests that mobile and outreach programs are effective in increasing knowledge and access to family planning in part by expanding method choice. A mobile health outreach approach is a resilient model that is person-centered and lends itself well to empower patients to practice self-care. The findings and lessons learned may be helpful in guiding future mobile health outreach programs in family planning and other services conducive to an out of clinic model, particularly as a response to overburdened health systems.
Management of missing intrauterine device strings and migrated intrauterine devices
Authors: Amaya Stephanie I. , Blumenthal Paul D. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to review the recent literature with respect to the management of missing intrauterine device (IUD) strings. As IUD use has increased over time, it is important to review management options for this uncommon but possible complication.

Recent findings
This article will cover stepwise approaches to management of missing IUD strings based on the most recent literature. Initial steps include obtaining history and using in office tools to reveal IUD strings. Subsequent steps focus on imaging guidelines including obtaining transvaginal ultrasound when available. Finally, IUD removal with tools for uterine instrumentation are discussed, focusing on using tools that do not require cervical dilation and allow for grasping of the device.

Summary
This paper details a stepwise approach to the management of missing IUD strings which, as discussed in the article, may become more frequent given the rise of IUD use in general and postpartum placement in specific.
Telerehabilitation Technology Used for Remote Wrist/Finger Range of Motion Evaluation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kuchtaruk Adrian , Yu Sammie Sam Yee , Iansavichene Alla , Davidson Jacob , Wilson Claire A. , Symonette Caitlin 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Monitoring finger/wrist range of motion (ROM) is an important component of routine hand therapy after surgery. Telerehabilitation is a field that may potentially address various barriers of in-person hand therapy appointments. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to identify telerehabilitation technologies that can be feasibly used in a patient’s home to objectively measure finger/wrist ROM.

Methods:
Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews, we systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase electronic databases using alternative word spellings for the following core concepts: “wrist/hand,” “rehabilitation,” and “telemedicine.” Studies were imported into Covidence, and systematic two-level screening was done by two independent reviewers. Patient demographics and telerehabilitation information were extracted from the selected articles, and a narrative synthesis of the findings was done.

Results:
There were 28 studies included in this review, of which the telerehabilitation strategies included smartphone angle measurement applications, smartphone photography, videoconference, and wearable or external sensors. Most studies measured wrist ROM with the most accurate technologies being wearable and external sensors. For finger ROM, the smartphone angle application and photography had higher accuracy than sensor systems. The telerehabilitation strategies that had the highest level of usability in a remote setting were smartphone photographs and estimation during virtual appointments.

Conclusions:
Telerehabilitation can be used as a reliable substitute to in-person goniometer measurements, particularly the smartphone photography and motion sensor ROM measurement technologies. Future research should investigate how to improve the accuracy of motion sensor applications that are available on easy-to-access devices.
The Preferred Design of the Profunda Artery Perforator Flap for Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Transverse or Diagonal?
Authors: Cohen Zack , Azoury Saïd C. , Nelson Jonas A. , Haglich Kathryn , Dayan Joseph H. , Matros Evan , Allen Robert J. 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Since its introduction for autologous breast reconstruction in 2010, the profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has emerged as a preferred choice when an abdominal flap is suboptimal. The traditional transverse design (tPAP) was popularized, given the inconspicuous donor scar. A diagonal design (dPAP) has since evolved to address some of the shortcomings of the tPAP. The authors aimed to compare outcomes of tPAP/dPAP flaps harvested for breast reconstruction by a single surgeon.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted from 2017 to 2022 of patients undergoing tPAP versus dPAP-based breast reconstruction by a single surgeon at a tertiary cancer center. Patient variables and operative variables were assessed. Need for additional symmetrizing breast procedures were compared. Complications and BREAST-Q patient-reported outcome measures were analyzed.

Results:
Thirty-nine flaps were used to reconstruct 35 breasts in 24 patients. Average follow-up for the group was 1.8 years. The groups were similar with respect to demographics. The majority of dPAP flaps had two perforators, whereas most tPAP flaps had one perforator. The dPAP flaps had greater average weights, width, and overall surface area. There were no cases of partial/total flap loss. Complications and PROM results were similar between the two groups.

Conclusions:
The dPAP design allows for a larger skin paddle and greater tissue harvest and capture of cutaneous perforators, without increasing the risk of complications or compromising satisfaction. It should be considered as a viable option in patients unable to undergo abdominal-based reconstruction. Additional patients and multi-institutional efforts are necessary to better compare advantages of either design.
The evolving role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in ischemic heart disease – state of the art review
Authors: Chaudhry Sundeep , Kumar Naresh , Arena Ross , Verma Subodh 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the gold standard for directly assessing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and has a relatively new and evolving role in evaluating atherosclerotic heart disease, particularly in detecting cardiac dysfunction caused by ischemic heart disease. The purpose of this review is to assess the current literature on the link between cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, cardiac dysfunction and CRF assessed by CPET.

Recent findings
We summarize the basics of exercise physiology and the key determinants of CRF. Prognostically, several studies have been published relating directly measured CRF by CPET and outcomes allowing for more precise risk assessment. Diagnostically, this review describes in detail what is considered healthy and abnormal cardiac function assessed by CPET. New studies demonstrate that cardiac dysfunction on CPET is a common finding in asymptomatic individuals and is associated with CV risk factors and lower CRF. This review covers how key CPET parameters change as individuals transition from the asymptomatic to the symptomatic stage with progressively decreasing CRF. Finally, a supplement with case studies with long-term longitudinal data demonstrating how CPET can be used in daily clinical decision making is presented.

Summary
In summary, CPET is a powerful tool to provide individualized CV risk assessment, monitor the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, and provide meaningful feedback to help patients guide their path to improve CRF when routinely used in the outpatient setting.
Geospatial analysis of cyanobacterial exposure and liver cancer in the contiguous United States
Authors: Ledenko Matthew , Antwi Samuel O. , Patel Tushar 
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:
Cyanobacteria are commonly found in water bodies and their production of hepatotoxins can contribute to liver damage. However, the population health effects of cyanobacteria exposure (CE) are unknown. Our objectives were to determine the effect of chronic exposure to cyanobacteria through proximity to water bodies with high cyanobacteria counts on the incidence and mortality of liver cancers, as well as to identify location-based risk factors.

Approach and Results:
Across the contiguous United States, regions with high cyanobacteria counts in water bodies were identified using satellite remote sensing data. The data were geospatially mapped to county boundaries, and disease mortality and incidence rates were analyzed. Distinctive spatial clusters of CE and mortality related to liver diseases or cancer were identified. There was a highly significant spatial association between CE, liver disease, and liver cancer but not between CE and all cancers. Hot spots of CE and mortality were identified along the Gulf of Mexico, eastern Texas, Louisiana, and Florida, and cold spots across the Appalachians. The social vulnerability index was identified as a major location-based determinant by logistic regression, with counties in the fourth or fifth quintiles having the highest prevalence of hot spots of CE and mortality from liver cancer.

Conclusions:
These findings emphasize the importance of environmental exposure to cyanobacteria as a location-based determinant of mortality from liver cancer. Public health initiatives addressing CE may be considered to reduce mortality, particularly in areas of high social vulnerability.
Predicting Insulin Resistance in a Pediatric Population With Obesity
Authors: Araújo Daniela , Morgado Carla , Correia-Pinto Jorge , Antunes Henedina 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
Insulin resistance (IR) affects children and adolescents with obesity and early diagnosis is crucial to prevent long-term consequences. Our aim was to identify predictors of IR and develop a multivariate model to accurately predict IR.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of demographical, clinical, and biochemical data from a cohort of patients attending a specialized Paediatric Nutrition Unit in Portugal over a 20-year period. We developed multivariate regression models to predict IR. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: a model group for developing the predictive models and a validation group for cross-validation of the study.

Results:
Our study included 1423 participants, aged 3–17 years old, randomly divided in the model (n = 879) and validation groups (n = 544). The predictive models, including uniquely demographic and clinical variables, demonstrated good discriminative ability [area under the curve (AUC): 0.834–0.868; sensitivity: 77.0%–83.7%; specificity: 77.0%–78.7%] and high negative predictive values (88.9%–91.6%). While the diagnostic ability of adding fasting glucose or triglycerides/high density lipoprotein cholesterol index to the models based on clinical parameters did not show significant improvement, fasting insulin appeared to enhance the discriminative power of the model (AUC: 0.996). During the validation, the model considering demographic and clinical variables along with insulin showed excellent IR discrimination (AUC: 0.978) and maintained high negative predictive values (90%–96.3%) for all models.

Conclusion:
Models based on demographic and clinical variables can be advantageously used to identify children and adolescents at moderate/high risk of IR, who would benefit from fasting insulin evaluation.
The Distribution of the Nerves and Arteries of the Platysma for Clinical Applications
Authors: Kim Ye-Gyung , Jeon Anna , Hwang Kun , Chung Yoon-Hee , Han Seung-Ho 
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to provide anatomical data on the platysma for clinical procedures. The authors obtained 25 specimens from 15 adult Korean cadavers (9 men, 6 women; mean age, 72 years; range, 61–85 years). Lines connecting the gonion with the gnathion (G-GN) and the acromial end (acromial end of the clavicle) with the sternal end (sternal end of the clavicle) were used as references. Modified Sihler staining was used to trace the nerves distributed in the platysma. The superior border values of the platysma were 12.1 ± 2.7 mm, 31.5 ± 5.3 mm, 42.4 ± 5.6 mm, and 61.7 ± 6.4 mm, respectively, for sections 2 through 5 on the G-GN line. The inferior border values of the platysma were 83.6 ± 19.1 mm, 80.1 ± 14.0 mm, 74.8 ± 14.5 mm, 67.2 ± 13.7 mm, and 54.6 ± 7.1 mm, respectively, for the 5 sections on the acromial end of the clavicle-sternal end of the clavicle line. In the hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, and jugular notch, the mean distance between the bilateral platysma was 14.4 ± 2.2 mm, 22.6 ± 10.6 mm, and 51.1 ± 15.7 mm, respectively. The mean angle at the cervical branch of the facial nerve and the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle sternal head was 28.7 ± 2.6 degrees and 53.4 ± 7.7 degrees from the G-GN line, respectively. The upper third of the platysma was supplied by branches of the facial artery and submental artery. The middle third was supplied by branches of the occipital artery and received its direct blood supply from branches of the external carotid artery. The lower third was supplied by branches of the transverse cervical artery. The authors hope that the results of this study will be helpful for rejuvenation procedures of the neck.
Effectiveness of face masks for reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Boulos Leah , Curran Janet A. , Gallant Allyson , Wong Helen , Johnson Catherine , Delahunty-Pike Alannah , Saxinger Lynora , Chu Derek , Comeau Jeannette , Flynn Trudy , Clegg Julie , Dye Christopher 
Published: August 2023

This rapid systematic review of evidence asks whether (i) wearing a face mask, (ii) one type of mask over another and (iii) mandatory mask policies can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, either in community-based or healthcare settings. A search of studies published 1 January 2020–27 January 2023 yielded 5185 unique records. Due to a paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies were included in the analysis. We analysed 35 studies in community settings (three RCTs and 32 observational) and 40 in healthcare settings (one RCT and 39 observational). Ninety-five per cent of studies included were conducted before highly transmissible Omicron variants emerged. Ninety-one per cent of observational studies were at ‘critical’ risk of bias (ROB) in at least one domain, often failing to separate the effects of masks from concurrent interventions. More studies found that masks (
n
= 39/47; 83%) and mask mandates (
n
= 16/18; 89%) reduced infection than found no effect (
n
= 8/65; 12%) or favoured controls (
n
= 1/65; 2%). Seven observational studies found that respirators were more protective than surgical masks, while five found no statistically significant difference between the two mask types. Despite the ROB, and allowing for uncertain and variable efficacy, we conclude that wearing masks, wearing higher quality masks (respirators), and mask mandates generally reduced SARS-CoV-2 transmission in these study populations.

This article is part of the theme issue 'The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: the evidence'.
Neisseria lisongii sp. nov. and Neisseria yangbaofengii sp. nov., isolated from the respiratory tracts of marmots
Authors: Yang Caixin , Zhao Lijun , Zhou Juan , Cheng Yanpeng , Yang Jing , Zhou Huimin , Luo Wenbo , Lu Shan , Jin Dong , Pu Ji , Zhang Sihui , Liu Liyun , Xu Jianguo 
Published: August 2023

Four Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, non-motile, cocci-shaped bacteria strains (ZJ106T, ZJ104, ZJ785T and ZJ930) were isolated from marmot respiratory tracts. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes, 53 ribosomal protein sequences and 441 core genes supported that all four strains belonged to the genus

Neisseria

with close relatives

Neisseria weixii

10022T and

Neisseria iguanae

ATCC 51483T. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were below the species-level thresholds (95–96 % for ANI, and 70 % for dDDH). The major fatty acids of all four strains were C16 : 1
ω7c /C16 : 1
ω6c, C16 : 0 and C18 : 1
ω9c. Major polar lipids were composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. MK-8 was the major menaquinone. Based on Virulence Factor Database analysis, the four strains were found to contain NspA and PorB H-factor binding proteins that promote evasion of host immunity. Strains ZJ106T and ZJ104 contained structures similar to the capsule synthesis manipulator of

Neisseria meningitidis

. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, we propose that strains ZJ106T and ZJ785T represent two novel species of the genus

Neisseria

, respectively, with the names Neisseria lisongii sp. nov. and Neisseria yangbaofengii sp. nov. The type strains are ZJ106T (=GDMCC 1.3111T=JCM 35323T) and ZJ785T (=GDMCC 1.1998T=KCTC 82336T)
Intraepithelial CD15 infiltration identifies high grade anal dysplasia in people with HIV
Authors: Burgos Joaquín , Mancebo Cristina , Massana Núria , Astorga-Gamaza Antonio , Castellvi Josep , Landolfi Stefania , Curran Adrià , Garcia-Perez Jorge N. , Falcó Vicenç , Buzón María J. , Genescà Meritxell 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTMen who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV are at high risk for squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) and anal cancer. The identification of local immunological mechanisms involved in the development of anal dysplasia could aid treatment and diagnostics. We performed a study of 111 anal biopsies obtained from 101 MSM with HIV, who participated in an anal screening program. In a test prospective cohort (N=54), in addition to histological examination, we assessed multiple immune subsets by flow cytometry. Selected molecules were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a validation retrospective cohort (N=47). Pathological samples were characterized by the presence of Resident Memory T cells with low expression of CD103 and by changes in the Natural Killer cell subsets, affecting residency and activation. Furthermore, potentially immune suppressive subsets, including CD15+CD16+mature neutrophils, gradually increased as the anal lesion progressed. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the association between the presence of CD15 in the epithelium and SIL diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 71% (AUC 0.762) for the correlation with high-grade SIL. A complex immunological environment with imbalanced proportions of resident effectors and immune suppressive subsets characterizes pathological samples. Neutrophil infiltration, determined by CD15 staining, may represent a valuable pathological marker associated with the grade of dysplasia.Abstract Figure