bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of doxofylline as an adjuvant on severe exacerbation and long‐term prognosis for COPD with different clinical subtypes
Authors: Chen Mei‐Feng , He Wei , Huang De‐Sheng , Jia Hui , Zhong Zhao‐Shuang , Li Nan , Li Shan‐Shan , Xia Shu‐Yue 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of doxofylline as an adjuvant in reducing severe exacerbation for different clinical subtypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MethodsThe clinical trial was an open‐label non‐randomized clinical trial that enrolled patients with COPD. The patients were divided into two groups (doxofylline group[DG] and non‐doxofylline group[NDG]) according to whether the adjuvant was used. Based on the proportion of inflammatory cells present, the patients were divided into neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and mixed granulocytic subtypes. The rates of severe acute exacerbation, use of glucocorticoids, and clinical symptoms were followed up in the first month, the third month, and the sixth month after discharge.ResultsA total of 155 participants were included in the study. The average age of the participants was 71.2  ±  10.1 years, 52.3% of the patients were male, and 29.7% of the participants had extremely severe cases of COPD. In the third month after discharge the numbers of patients exhibiting severe exacerbation among the neutrophilic subtype were 5 (6.6%) in the DG versus 17 (22.4%) in the NDG (incidence rate ratio[IRR] = 0.4 [95% CI: 0.2–0.9] P = 0.024). In the sixth month after discharge, the numbers were 3 (3.9%) versus 13 (17.1%; IRR = 0.3 [95%; CI: 0.1–0.9], P = 0.045), and those for the eosinophilic subtype were 0 (0.0%) versus 4 (14.8%), P = 0.02. In the eosinophilic subtype, the results for forced expiratory volume in the first second and maximal mid‐expiratory flow were significantly higher in the DG. The mean neutrophil and eosinophil levels were significantly lower than in the NDG among the neutrophilic subtype, and the neutrophil percentage was lower than in the NDG among the eosinophilic subtype. At the six‐month follow‐up, the dose adjustment rates of the neutrophilic and eosinophilic subtypes showed a significant difference (P< 0.05).ConclusionsAs an adjuvant drug, doxofylline has a good therapeutic effect on patients with the neutrophilic and eosinophilic clinical subtypes of COPD. It can reduce the incidence of severe exacerbation, the use of glucocorticoids, and inflammatory reactions in the long term (when used for a minimum of 3 months).
Analysing ecological dynamics with relational event models: The case of biological invasions
Authors: Juozaitienė Rūta , Seebens Hanno , Latombe Guillaume , Essl Franz , Wit Ernst C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsSpatio‐temporal processes play a key role in ecology, from genes to large‐scale macroecological and biogeographical processes. Existing methods studying such spatio‐temporally structured data either simplify the dynamic structure or the complex interactions of ecological drivers. The aim of this paper is to present a generic method for ecological research that allows analysing spatio‐temporal patterns of biological processes at large spatial scales by including the time‐varying variables that drive these dynamics.LocationGlobal analysis at the level of 272 regions.MethodsWe introduce a method called relational event modelling (REM). REM relies on temporal interaction dynamics that encode sequences of relational events connecting a sender node to a recipient node at a specific point in time. We apply REM to the spread of alien species around the globe between 1880 and 2005, following accidental or deliberate introductions into geographical regions outside of their native range. In this context, a relational event represents the new occurrence of an alien species given its former distribution.ResultsThe application of relational event models to the first reported invasions of 4835 established alien species outside of their native ranges from four major taxonomic groups enables us to unravel the main drivers of the dynamics of the spread of invasive alien species. Combining the alien species first records data with other spatio‐temporal information enables us to discover which factors have been responsible for the spread of species across the globe. Besides the usual drivers of species invasions, such as trade, land use and climatic conditions, we also find evidence for species‐interconnectedness in alien species spread.ConclusionsRelational event models offer the capacity to account for the temporal sequences of ecological events such as biological invasions and to investigate how relationships between these events and potential drivers change over time.
Incidence of cardiovascular and bleeding events and reasons for discontinuation in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with ibrutinib—A retrospective analysis on consecutive patients from a well‐defined region
Authors: Andersson Maria L. , Johansson Hemming , Österborg Anders , Månsson‐Broberg Agneta , Hansson Lotta , Palma Marzia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveIbrutinib treatment is associated with cardiovascular side effects, in particular atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension, as well as increased risk of bleeding. Here, we aimed at describing the incidence of these events during long‐term follow‐up in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated outside clinical trials as well as identifying clinical factors predictive of developing AF. Additionally, other reasons for treatment withdrawal were analyzed.MethodsThe study was retrospective, data were collected from medical records.ResultsA total of 134 patients were identified. Median follow‐up was 32 months (range 3–103) and median duration of ibrutinib treatment was 26 months (range 1–103). Of 110 patients with no prior history of AF, 24.5% were diagnosed during treatment. Newly diagnosed or worsening of pre‐existing hypertension occurred in 15.7%. Sixty‐six % of the patients experienced bleeding events, of which 7.5% grade 3–4. Treatment discontinuation and dose reduction occurred in 68% and 47% of the patients, respectively, mostly due to toxicity.ConclusionsThe incidence of AF was high and at a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, two‐thirds of the patients discontinued treatment mostly due to bleeding and infections. Treatment‐related toxicity of any grade should be regarded as a concern of prolonged ibrutinib therapy.
Healthy ageing and cognitive impairment alter EEG functional connectivity in distinct frequency bands
Authors: Kumar Wupadrasta Santosh , Ray Supratim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFunctional connectivity (FC) indicates the interdependencies between brain signals recorded from spatially distinct locations in different frequency bands, which is modulated by cognitive tasks and is known to change with ageing and cognitive disorders. Recently, the power of narrow‐band gamma oscillations induced by visual gratings have been shown to reduce with both healthy ageing and in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the impact of ageing/MCI on stimulus‐induced gamma FC has not been well studied. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) from a large cohort (N = 229) of elderly subjects (>49 years) while they viewed large cartesian gratings to induce gamma oscillations and studied changes in alpha and gamma FC with healthy ageing (N = 218) and MCI (N = 11). Surprisingly, we found distinct differences across age and MCI groups in power and FC. With healthy ageing, alpha power did not change but FC decreased significantly. MCI reduced gamma but not alpha FC significantly compared with age and gender matched controls, even when power was matched between the two groups. Overall, our results suggest distinct effects of ageing and disease on EEG power and FC, suggesting different mechanisms underlying ageing and cognitive disorders.
Exploitation shifted trophic ecology and habitat preferences of Mediterranean and Black Sea bluefin tuna over centuries
Authors: Andrews Adam J. , Pampoulie Christophe , Di Natale Antonio , Addis Piero , Bernal‐Casasola Darío , Aniceti Veronica , Carenti Gabriele , Gómez‐Fernández Verónica , Chosson Valerie , Ughi Alice , Von Tersch Matt , Fontanals‐Coll Maria , Cilli Elisabetta , Onar Vedat , Tinti Fausto , Alexander Michelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring recent decades, the health of ocean ecosystems and fish populations has been threatened by overexploitation, pollution and anthropogenic‐driven climate change. Due to a lack of long‐term ecological data, we have a poor grasp of the true impact on the diet and habitat use of fishes. This information is vital if we are to recover depleted fish populations and predict their future dynamics. Here, we trace the long‐term diet and habitat use of Atlantic bluefin tuna (BFT), Thunnus thynnus, a species that has had one of the longest and most intense exploitation histories, owing to its tremendous cultural and economic importance. Using carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope analyses of modern and ancient BFT including 98 archaeological and archival bones from 11 Mediterranean locations ca. 1st century to 1941 CE, we infer a shift to increased pelagic foraging around the 16th century in Mediterranean BFT. This likely reflects the early anthropogenic exploitation of inshore coastal ecosystems, as attested by historical literature sources. Further, we reveal that BFT which migrated to the Black Sea–and that disappeared during a period of intense exploitation and ecosystem changes in the 1980s–represented a unique component, isotopically distinct from BFT of NE Atlantic and Mediterranean locations. These data suggest that anthropogenic activities had the ability to alter the diet and habitat use of fishes in conditions prior to those of recent decades. Consequently, long‐term data provide novel perspectives on when marine ecosystem modification began and the responses of marine populations, with which to guide conservation policy.
Sociolinguistic awareness in L2 Arabic: A study of learners' code use repertoires
Authors: Nassif Lama , Shapiro Shawna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCode use, including codeswitching and/or style‐shifting, is an important but undertaught aspect of L2 sociolinguistic competence, and an important aspect of L2 learners' translanguaging repertoires. This study examines code use in Arabic—a diglossic language with distinct social uses for the prestige variety (Modern Standard Arabic, MSA) and Colloquial Arabic (CA). The study involved 10 participants who were third‐year, L2 learners of Arabic in a multidialectal program, and focused on the questions: (1) What types of metasociolinguistic awareness are evident among advanced learners of Arabic who have had multidialectal training? (2) To what extent is this awareness reflected in their productions? Data collection included a language learning history survey, spoken and written productions in Arabic, and an English interview. Findings show that participants had a complex awareness of MSA‐CA use that could be further expanded through instruction, suggesting that the trajectory of sociolinguistic competence development is complex, nonlinear, and influenced by instructional, social, and idiolectal factors. This study has important scholarly and pedagogical implications, and is linked to the rapidly growing body of scholarship on translanguaging practices and pedagogies.
Women of the revolution and a politics of care: A gendered intersectional approach on an initiative to address socioenvironmental problems in a marginalized community in southern Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Reynaldo Renata , Pope Kamila , Borba Juliano , Sieber Stefan , Bonatti Michelle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Buckets Revolution is a local non‐governmental organization arisen from an initiative implemented in a favela, a marginalized community in the South of Brazil, led and conducted by its women to resist their condition of intersected subordinations and address the socioenvironmental problems caused by the lack of public care. Based on the understanding that women of the Buckets Revolution developed a particular politics of care, this study investigates the configuration of the complex relations between their political practice and the responsibility for care—understood as a core element of women's intersected subordination, and simultaneously, a central value for a new and revolutionary politics of care. From a qualitative approach, the case study is based on an intersectional feminist theoretical framework, epistemology, and methodological design, necessary for the analysis of gender in the South, where its imbrications with race, class, and nation compose a complex, diverse, and unequal scenario. In that sense, the women of the Buckets Revolution, by occupying a social place where these axes of subordination intersect more intensely, offer a “vantage point” to make more visible the processes of domination and resistance on both national and global levels—that is, both in Brazilian society and in an otherwise increasingly interdependent world shaped by neoliberal globalization. The gendered intersectional outline is conducted through the combination of data collection techniques, including participant observation, focus group discussions, semi‐structured interviews, and bibliographical research. The results show that, with their revolutionary politics of care, the women of the Buckets Revolution built a contextualized, horizontal, and bottom‐up care‐based counter‐hegemonic alternative to address the socioenvironmental problems that resulted from intersected subordinations in the Brazilian context, and more broadly, in the contemporary neoliberal global order.
Efficacy and safety of vonoprazan‐based dual therapy and esomeprazole‐based dual therapy in eradicating primary Helicobacter pylori infection: A propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Su Na‐Yun , Shi Qing , Mei Hao , Hu Jie , Liu Yu‐Xiang , Liu Han‐Ning , Liu Heng‐Qi , Guo Yan , Wang Xing‐wei , Lan Chun‐Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the Maastricht VI/Florence consensus report, potassium‐competitive acid blockers (P‐CAB) may improve Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment.Materials and methodsA total of 213 H. pylori treatment‐naive patients aged between 18 and 70 years were treated with two regimens. The two regimens are VDT: 20 mg vonoprazan twice a day and 1 g amoxicillin three times daily and EDT: 20 mg esomeprazole four times a day and 750 mg amoxicillin four times daily. 13C‐urea breath tests were used to evaluate eradication rate 4–6 weeks after treatment. Based on propensity score matching (PSM), this retrospective study analyzed the eradication rates, adverse events (AEs), compliance, and antibiotic resistance rates in VDT and EDT groups.ResultsOn intention‐to‐treat (ITT) analysis, the eradication rate in VDT group (89.0%; 95% CI 81.7–96.3) was non‐inferior to that in EDT group (87.7%; 95% CI 80.1–95.3; p = 0.796). The corresponding per‐protocol (PP) eradication rates were 94.1% (95% CI 88.4–99.8) and 92.8% (95% CI 86.7–98.9; p = 1.000), respectively. There were no significant between‐group differences with respect to compliance or incidence of AEs.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of 14‐day VDT and EDT were comparable. Therefore, 14‐day VDT or EDT may be recommended for the first‐line treatment of H. pylori infection.
Combinedly increased viability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum grx16 by co‐encapsulation of cryoprotectants and porous starch within calcium alginate capsules
Authors: Zhou Tong , Kang Wenli , Han Yifeng , Li Yinghua , Shan Hao , Ma Wenlong , Yin Boxing , Yang Renqin , Liu Xuecong , Li Songnan , Pan Lina , Wang Jiaqi , Li Wei , Huang Yujun , Gu Ruixia 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAlginate‐based encapsulation is an effective probiotics delivery system in the intestine. However, due to calcium ions and gastric juice damaging cell wall/membrane integrity during freeze‐drying and gastrointestinal ingestion, lots of cell lose their viability. This study, taking Lactiplantibacillus plantarum grx16 as an example, indicated that co‐encapsulation of cryoprotectants and porous starch within calcium alginate capsules (CAC) could combinedly improve the viability of probiotics encapsulated. Compared with calcium alginate‐protectant capsule (CAC‐Pro) (50.67%), the combination of porous starch increased the encapsulation rate of PS0.8‐CAC‐Pro to 82.68%. Meanwhile, the death rate constants of PS0.8‐CAC‐Pro decreased by 31.3% (−20 °C), 13.5% (4 °C) and 7.5% (25 °C), respectively. The survival rate of PS0.8‐CAC‐Pro was 81.94% after continuous simulated gastrointestinal digestion, which was significantly higher than that of CACs (69.46%) and CAC‐Pro (76.92%). This study provided an effective approach for modifying alginate capsule to reduce the loss of probiotics viability.
High and ultra‐high temperature drying of fermented dried noodles: effect on noodle quality and starch properties
Authors: Wang Jiasheng , He Jinxuan , Liu Chong , Hong Jing , Liu Mei , Zheng Xueling 
Published: August 2023

SummaryAlthough dried noodles have been industrialised for many years, some technical bottlenecks, such as dense cross‐section structure, poor rehydration ability and the lack of nutritional and flavour substances, still need to be addressed. Fermentation has been used to produce dried noodles to impart a porous structure and microbial metabolites, improving their rehydration properties and the nutritional and flavour quality of dried noodles. However, the current commercially fermented dried noodles exhibit some issues, such as high breakage rate, rough surface and sticky texture that need to be solved. Drying at high (HT) and ultra‐high temperatures (UT) has been shown to improve the quality of dried pasta or noodles. However, HT and UT drying are not currently used to produce fermented dried noodles. This article investigates the changes in the quality and starch physicochemical properties of fermented dried noodles with high (HM), medium (MM) or low moisture (LM) content dried at HT or UT. The results showed that the UT‐LM condition most prominently improved the noodle quality, significantly reduced the cooking loss rate (5.19%) and significantly increased the water absorption rate (191.41%) of the noodles, and improved the rehydration of noodles. In addition, the cross‐linking of the gluten network was analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the AngioTool software. It was found that the UT treatment promoted the cross‐linking of the gluten network, and the highest number of cross‐linking points (976) was achieved under the UT‐LM condition. The tight gluten network reduces the amylose leaching from the noodles, giving the noodles a denser surface structure and lower adhesiveness. In conclusion, UT‐LM drying could be used as an effective drying condition to improve the quality of fermented dried noodles.
Complex organic acids treatment on crayfish (Procambarus clarkii): the relationship between myofibrillar protein structure and meat quality
Authors: Zhu Ruyi , Xiong Zhouyi , Li Dan 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe effect of complex organic acids (COA) treatment at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 5%, 10% and 15%) on the myofibrillar protein (MP) structure and meat quality of crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) was investigated. The results showed that with increasing concentrations of COA treatment, the sulfhydryl content of MP decreased and dityrosine content increased. The MP secondary structure has a reduced α‐helix content and an increased β‐fold content. The MP tertiary structure unfolded, exposing hydrophobic and other amino acids to a polar environment. MP aggregation was induced in the 1% and 5% COA treatment groups and MP degradation was induced in the 10% and 15% COA treatment groups. Crayfish meat in the 5% COA treatment group showed improved textural properties due to protein aggregation. It also enhanced the colour, aroma and micromorphology of the crayfish meat.
Viscoelastic testing: Critical appraisal of new methodologies and current literature
Authors: Wool Geoffrey D. , Carll Timothy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnited States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved viscoelastic testing (VET) methodologies have significantly changed in the last 10 years, with the availability of cartridge‐based VET. Some of these cartridge‐based methodologies use harmonic resonance‐based clot detection. While VET has always allowed for the evaluation of real‐time clot formation, cartridge‐based VET provides increased ease of use as well as greater portability and robustness of results in out‐of‐laboratory environments. Here we review the use of VET in a variety of clinical contexts, including cardiac surgery, trauma, liver transplant, obstetrics, and hypercoagulable states such as COVID‐19. As of now, high quality randomized trial evidence for new generation VET (TEG 6s, HemoSonics Quantra, ROTEM sigma) is limited. Nevertheless, the use of VET‐guided transfusion algorithms appears to result in reduced blood usage without worsening of patient outcomes. Future work comparing the new generation VET instruments and continuing to validate clinically important cut‐offs will help move the field of point‐of‐care coagulation monitoring forward and increase the quality of transfusion management in bleeding patients.
Stocking the toolbox—Using preclinical models to understand the development and treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor‐induced immune‐related adverse events
Authors: Cina Morgan L. , Venegas Jessica , Young Arabella 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are susceptible to a broad and variable array of immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). With increasing clinical use of ICIs, defining the mechanism for irAE development is more critical than ever. However, it currently remains challenging to predict when these irAEs occur and which organ may be affected, and for many of the more severe irAEs, inaccessibility to the tissue site hampers mechanistic insight. This lack of understanding of irAE development in the clinical setting emphasizes the need for greater use of preclinical models that allow for improved prediction of biomarkers for ICI‐initiated irAEs or that validate treatment options that inhibit irAEs without hampering the anti‐tumor immune response. Here, we discuss the utility of preclinical models, ranging from exploring databases to in vivo animal models, focusing on where they are most useful and where they could be improved.
Thermal stability of MxOy‐doped zirconia aerogels (M = Y, Yb, Gd, Ce, Ca) studied through 1200°C
Authors: Olson Nathaniel S. , Hurwitz Frances I. , Stokes Jamesa L. , Guo Haiquan , Rogers Richard B. , Krogstad Jessica A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe high porosities and low densities of ceramic aerogels offer outstanding insulative performance in applications where weight is a critical factor. The high surface area‐to‐volume ratios and specific surface areas provide extremely low thermal conductivity, but also contribute to rapid densification of the pore structure at elevated temperatures. This densification diminishes their favorable properties and inhibits use of aerogels in high‐temperature applications. This work contributes to a design framework for thermally stable aerogels via the study of dopant chemistry (Y, Yb, Gd, Ca, Ce) in zirconia aerogels. The structural evolution was studied through 1200°C using nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The role of dopant identity and concentration in thermal stability was elucidated. In the context of the design framework, dopant chemistry is an aggregate for many closely related material properties, each of which may contribute to aerogel structural evolution. To develop a truly predictive design framework for ceramic‐based aerogels, systematic and comprehensive evaluation of thermodynamic and kinetic properties must be performed in conjunction with studies on structural evolution.