bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Taylor F. B. , Müller-Eberhard H. J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine the requirements for lysis of clots formed by the addition of 1 U of thrombin to whole blood diluted 1:10 in phosphate buffer (µ = 0.082, pH 7.4, 4°C). Removal of platelets inhibited normal clot retraction and lysis. Addition of antisera specifically directed against purified γM globulin (19 S cold agglutinin), C′4, C′3, and plasminogen inhibited normal clot retraction and lysis. Antisera to γG globulin and albumin did not inhibit. Washed platelets were preferentially agglutinated by antisera to the above proteins. Photomicrographs of clots formed in the presence of γM antisera had fewer platelets and less platelet aggregation than control samples. These findings suggest that 1) platelets, a γM globulin, C′4, C′3, and plasminogen may participate in a series of reactions leading to lysis of the clot under these conditions; 2) the γM globulin, C′4 and C′3 are preferentially adsorbed onto the platelet surface under the conditions of the assay; and 3) these platelets with their attached proteins in turn are adsorbed onto the fibrin network.
Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Third International Complement Workshop, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, June 3–5, 1968
Authors: Henson P. M. , Cochrane C. G. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Anti-BSA antibody produced in rabbits by injection of BSA in incomplete Freund's adjuvant was shown to elicit a PCA reaction in rabbits which was inhibited by C′3, platelet, or neutrophil depletion. This antibody was thus differentiated from homocytotropic antibody. In vitro this antibody, together with antigen, induced the clumping of rabbit platelets and release of their histamine in the presence of rabbit plasma. Clumping and release were observed when C′6-deficient, but not when cobra factor-treated (C′3-depleted), rabbit plasma was employed. Similarly, sheep erythrocytes or zymosan with fixed rabbit C′3 which have been subsequently washed caused adherence of washed platelets and the release of histamine. Treatment of platelets with IgG anti-platelet antibody also produced histamine release in the absence of plasma. The reaction of either antibody or fixed C′3 with the surface of rabbit platelets appears to induce the release of their contained histamine either directly or as a result of platelet-platelet contact.
Antibody-Producing Cells in Rabbits Injected with Soluble BSA
Authors: Daniels J. C. , Weigle William O. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Using a modified hemolytic plaque assay, the kinetics of antibody-producing cells were followed in both spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes of rabbits receiving either primary or secondary injections of soluble BSA. Direct plaques, developed by complement alone, were distinguished from amplified plaques, requiring an incorporated antiglobulin. In the primary response spleen cells were much more active than lymph node cells, while identical responses were observed in spleen and nodes during the secondary response, probably because of a redistribution of memory cells. Peak numbers of antibody-producting cells preceded highest serum antibody levels by several days, but correlated with the appearance of circulating antigen-antibody complexes and their rapid immune elimination. In both primary and secondary responses, injection of large doses of soluble BSA were shown to result in fewer antibody-producing cells than did injection of moderate doses.
Light Chain Determinants of Exocrine Isoagglutinins
Authors: Costea Nicolas , Yakulis Vincent , Schmale John , Heller Paul 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Exocrine (IgA) isoagglutinins with specificity to the A-erythrocyte antigen contain both K and L type IgA subunits which retain agglutinating activity. Reductive depolymerization using NaBH4 results in the formation of free transport pieces and 7 S subunits.
The Specificity of a Monoclonal Macroglobulin (γM) Antibody: Reactivity with Primate γG Immunoglobulins
Authors: Stone Marvin J. , Metzger Henry 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A Waldenström macroglobulin antibody (γMLay) which reacts with human γG has been tested with γG from the major families of the Primate order. The antibody cannot distinguish between γG from the Hominoidea and Cercopithecoidea. It is totally unreactive with γG from the Ceboidea but, interestingly, reacts weakly with the more distantly related Lorisiformes (but not with γG from the Lemuriformes). Moreover, high molar ratios of γG from the Lorisiformes, P. potto and G. crassicaudatus quantitatively precipitated the γMLay antibody.
These results are most consistent with γMLay being homogeneous and directed to a single determinant on human γG.
Immunoglobulins of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta)
Authors: Lakin James D. , Patterson Roy , Pruzansky Jacob J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Separation of rhesus monkey IgG and IgM anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) antibody from other immunoglobulin components of hyperimmune whole serum was accomplished by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl cellulose and Sephadex G 200 chromatography. Neither the IgG nor the IgM antibody preparations sensitized normal rhesus monkey skin for Prausnitz-Küstner type passive cutaneous transfer reactions. However, IgG anti-BSA antibody was shown to sensitize guinea pig skin for passive cutaneous anaphylaxis whereas IgM antibody of equal antigen-binding capacity did not. The relative efficiency of rhesus IgM anti-BSA in tanned red blood cell hemagglutination was found to be more than 23 times greater than that of an equal amount of IgG, as measured by BSA-binding capacity. In contrast, the ability of IgM to participiate in the precipitin reaction with soluble BSA was found to be poor in comparison to that of IgG antibody.
Induction of Tolerance in Immunologically Competent Primates
Authors: Howard Richard J. , Landon John C. , Dougherty Suanne F. , Notkins Abner L. , Mergenhagen Stephan E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Immunologic tolerance has been induced in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and chickens with protein and polysaccharide antigens (1, 2). In addition, tolerance has been produced in fetal rhesus monkeys with large doses of bovine γ globulin and in newborn humans with blood group antigens (3, 4). However, the induction of immunologic tolerance has not been reported in older primates. We report here the induction of tolerance to human γ globulin (HGG) in immunologically competent monkeys.
Six-month- and one-year-old rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were bred and maintained at Bionetric Research Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, Maryland. In the first experiment, 6-month-old monkeys weighing 1500 to 2000 g were used. Animals were treated in a manner similar to that used to induce tolerance in adult mice (5, 6). Ten milligrams of HGG/ml (Cohn Fraction II, Hyland Laboratories, Costa Mesa, Calif.) in pyrogen-free saline was centrifuged for 2 hr at 105,000 × G in a Spinco model L-2 ultracentrifuge to remove aggregated proteins.
Studies on the Mechanism of the Suppression of Active Antibody Synthesis by Passively Administered Antibody
Authors: Chang Henry , Schneck Sidney , Brody Neil I. , Deutsch Alice , Siskind Gregory W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
F(ab′)2 and Fab′ anti-DNP antibody fragments suppressed anti-DNP antibody formation. The fraction of anti-DNP antibody elutable from a specific precipitate by p-nitrophenyl-ε-aminocaproic acid (p-NP-EACA) suppressed anti-DNP antibody formation but did not alter the percentage of the anti-DNP antibody that could be eluted with p-NP-EACA.
The data are consistent with the concept that passively tranferred antibody causes suppression by binding antigen thus preventing it from stimulating potential antibody-forming cells.
Delayed Hypersensitivity to Purified Streptococcal M Protein in Guinea Pigs and in Man
Authors: Beachey Edwin H. , Alberti Humberto , Stollerman Gene H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Purified M antigen extracted from Group A streptococci was not homogeneous but was distributed among several molecular populations of protein. The type-specificity of delayed hypersensitivity to a selected single population of M protein, which appeared immunochemically pure, was studied. The majority of normal human adults showed delayed skin hypersensitivity to the highly purified fractions of both rare and common M serotypes with equal frequency. Similar delayed skin reactions were elicited often in normal adult guinea pigs. Like human infants, baby guinea pigs were more tolerant to purified M protein, and in these young animals type-specific delayed allergy could be demonstrated soon after immunization with a single dose of purified M protein in Freund's complete adjuvant. Weak cross-reactions between M serotypes were observed in some animals suggesting contaminating antigens of unknown nature.
Both type-specific and cross-reactive delayed hypersensitivity were confirmed by in vitro inhibition of migration of peritoneal macrophages of sensitized guinea pigs. Although some degree of type-specificity of delayed allergy was induced in young guinea pigs, the ubiquitous nature of cross-reacting determinants was apparent. the latter may constitute contaminating antigens or may be common antigenic determinants of the M moiety uncovered during purification.
The possibilities that the guinea pig model of human delayed allergy to M protein may prove useful in evaluating the purity of M protein vaccines and in studying the role of type-specific delayed hypersensitivity in immunity to streptococcal infections were discussed.
Biologic Properties of Rat Antibodies
Authors: Morse Herbert C. , Austen K. Frank , Bloch Kurt J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Two different classes of rat antibodies have been shown to mediate the i.p. antigen-induced release of histamine. The heat-stable antibodies, associated with IgGa, involved in histamine release could be clearly differentiated from heat-labile homocytotropic antibodies. Antibodies associated with IgGa have been previously shown to mediate the antigen-induced release of SRS-A. It was not possible to dissociate the two biologic activities associated with IgGa antibodies by physical means.
Immunosuppression by Leukemia Viruses
Authors: Ceglowski Walter S. , Friedman Herman 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Infection of adult BALB/c mice with Friend disease virus resulted in a marked alteration of the expected immune response to a second injection of sheep erythrocytes. Whereas normal control mice primed 4 weeks previously with sheep erythrocytes had a vigorous cellular and humoral immune response following a second injection of erythrocytes, mice infected with FDV before the booster injection had a markedly suppressed response. Both high- and low-efficiency hemolysin-forming cells, presumably due to 19 S IgM and 7 S IgG antibody, respectively, were depressed in spleens of infected mice. The appearance of 7 S PFC's was suppressed to the greatest extent.
Infection of mice with virus and antigen at the same time resulted in only a slight to moderate suppression in the number of antibody-forming cells appearing 4 days later, the day of peak response. However, by the 7th to 10th day after immunization and virus infection there was a marked depression in the number of cells forming both 7 S or 19 S plaques. When mice were injected with erythrocytes 1 month after primary immunization, and then infected with virus 2 days later, there was a stimulation in the number of 19 S and 7 S PFC's 2 days later (4th day after secondary immunization). However, by the 7th to 10th day most of the infected mice had fewer 7 S PFC's than did the controls. Splenomegaly was generally evident at this time.
Serum antibody titers in secondarily immunized mice were only slightly affected, if at all, when mice were infected with FDV either simultaneously or after immunization. Infection 3 days before immunization had a slight effect on antibody titers, whereas infection 8 days before immunization generally resulted in a significant depression. Most of the serum antibody was resistant to 2-ME treatment before and after secondary immunization, both in control and infected animals, suggesting that much of the antibody was 7 S IgG.
In vitro Antibody Synthesis by Diffusion Chamber Cultures of Spleen Cells
Authors: Vann Douglas C. , Makinodan T. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Techniques for the study of antibody production by primed antigen-stimulated spleen cells in cell-impermeable diffusion chambers have been developed. The chambers were recovered from their host animals and incubated in vitro with radioactive amino acids. Antibody production was measured by determining the amount of radioactivity which would specifically bind to erythrocyte stroma of the type used for immunization.
In addition, the effect of kiloroentgen doses of radiation on antibody production by plateau phase cultures was studied in a system in which primed spleen cells in cell-impermeable diffusion chambers were irradiated 6 days after antigen stimulation. One and three days later the chamber cultures were incubated in vitro in the presence of 14C-labeled amino acids. The incorporation of radioactivity into total extracellular proteins, γG-globulin, and specific antibody was measured. Isotope incorporation in cultures which had received 10,000 r of x-radiation was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that by unirradiated controls—as judged by a variety of criteria. It has been shown previously that irradiation of diffusion chamber cultures of antigen-stimulated spleen cells with kiloroentgen doses of x-radiation in the plateau phase of their response leads to a purification of mature antibody-producing cells and virtually eliminates cell multiplication. It is shown here that the surviving immunocompetent cells are as efficient as unirradiated cells in synthesizing antibodies. Thus, it appears that heavily irradiated cultures of lymphoid cells should be useful for further biochemical studies of antibody synthesis and regulation.
In vitro Antibody Synthesis by Diffusion Chamber Cultures of Spleen Cells
Authors: Vann Douglas C. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The effect of free antibody on antibody production in the secondary immune response has been studied by use of antigen-stimulated primed spleen cells in diffusion chamber cultures. The cultures were exposed to high concentrations of antibody at various times after the cultures were begun, and antibody production was assayed by determining the amounts of in vitro radioactive amino acid incorporation into specific antibody. Chamber cultures implanted from the start in animals hyperimmunized to the test antigen (sheep red blood cells) failed to exhibit any significant antibody production. When the cultures were grown for 7 to 9 days in normal animals and exposed to free antibody either at the time of in vitro incubation or by transfer into hyperimmune animals for 1 or 2 days prior to the in vitro assessment of antibody production, there was no significant depression of antibody production. This was true even if the cultures were exposed to kiloroentgen doses of x-ray at the beginning of the plateau phase of their immune response to eliminate turnover in the antibody-producing cell population. These results suggest that antibody-mediated regulation of antibody production occurs at the level of the antibody-producing cell population, possibly by preventing antigenic determinants from triggering progenitor cells that participate in the immune response, and not through control of the synthetic or secretory activities of antibody-producing cells.
Comparisons of Reaginic Antibodies from Three Species
Authors: Patterson Roy , Roberts Mary , Pruzansky Jacob J. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Reaginic antisera from three species were fractionated by gel filtration. The reaginic activity was localized and compared with other major immunoglobulins in each serum. The reaginic antibody appeared distinct from the major immunoglobulins in sera of man, monkey and dog. Heterologous antisera prepared against the reaginic antibody of all species absorbed reaginic activity. These antisera were prepared in a manner such that they had no detectable activity against the major immunoglobulin classes. These results were interpreted as being consistent with demonstrating similarities between reaginic antibodies of the three species. It is provisionally suggested that reaginic antibodies in sera of dogs and monkeys may reside in a γE analogous to human γE.
Quantitative Estimation of Antibodies in Different Immunoglobulin Classes
Authors: Torrigiani Giorgio , Roitt Ivan M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Human thyroglobulin autoantibodies in each major Ig class can be estimated quantitatively by adsorption onto insoluble antigen followed by dissociation with acid and assay by single radial immunodiffusion using appropriate antisera. The antibodies were preponderantly IgG. The results correlated well with values for antigen-binding capacity determined by coprecipitation with specific anti-Ig, of complexes formed with labeled thyroglobulin. The method, which was previously used in a study of antiglobulin factors in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, can be applied to other antigen-antibody systems and to the determination of antibody in immunoglobulin sub-classes.
A Study of Immunologic Tolerance in the Dinitrophenyl Poly-l-Lysine Immune System
Authors: Theis Gail A. , Green Ira , Benacerraf Baruj , Siskind Gregory W. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
DNP-PLL genetic “non-responder” guinea pigs made tolerant to BSA by a low dose method exhibit a reduced synthesis of anti-DNP antibody upon immunization with DNP-PLL complexed electrostatically to BSA. The anti-DNP antibody synthesized by such animals is of low affinity as compared with that synthesized by normal “non-responder” guinea pigs.
Effect of Serum on Cells Producing Hemolytic Antibodies in Short-Term Experiments in Vitro
Authors: Strander H. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Suspended mouse spleen cells forming antibodies against sheep erythrocytes were incubated at 37°C in the presence or absence of serum. The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) was determined after various times of incubation by the technique of direct localized hemolysis in gel (LHG).
The presence of serum during incubation invariably increased the rate of antibody production while its presence in the LHG assay led to no improvement. The effect was sensitive to temperature, dependent on serum concentration, and independent of the serum source. The combination of crystalline bovine serum albumin and N-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methylglycine was at least as effective as serum.
The Effect of Induced Isohemagglutinin on the Course of Blood-Induced Plasmodium Lophurae Infections in Chickens
Authors: Congdon L. L. , Farmer J. N. , Breitenbach R. P. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Experiments were designed to evaluate the importance of induced isohemagglutinin on blood induced Plasmodium lophurae infections. Prior injection with homologous whole blood caused a striking reduction in mean peak parasitemia presumably due to the induced isohemagglutinin. The low level infections which did occur in birds with induced isohemagglutinin appeared to run a normal course. It was suspected that free merozoites in the blood inoculum might be responsible for the low level infections in experimental birds. However, washing the erythrocytes of the inoculum did not reduce the magnitude or course of the low level infections. Prior injection with washed homologus erythrocytes was also strikingly effective in inducing isohemagglutinin and reducing the expected parasitemia. However, a comparison of the effects of prior injection of homologous infected and homologous noninfected whole blood showed that isohemagglutinin is not solely responsible for resistance to homologous superinfection. Apparently specific plasmodial antibody is essential for absolute resistance to homologous superinfection since there is an abrupt termination in the course of challenging infections.
Biologic and Immunologic Characteristics of Cold-Adapted Influenza Virus
Authors: Maassab H. F. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
Cold variants of influenza virus showed an impaired capacity to reproduce at acid pH (5.7 to 6.3) and elevated temperature (41°C). These features were used as markers to differentiate the cold variant from the original “wild” strain. After eight consecutive passages in mice, the viral strains recovered from the lungs of infected mice could still be identified by these selective markers as the cold variants. They showed no reversion to virulence upon ten consecutive passages in mice and retained their capacity to elicit a good antibody response.
Ferrets responded as did mice to infection with the cold variants; the animals showed no evidence of disease and developed good HI antibody response. In addition, ferrets that possessed circulating antibody showed a heightened antibody response after they were reinoculated intranasally with cold variant virus.
The Effect of Intravenous Antigen on Circulating Monocytes in Animals with Delayed Hypersensitivity
Authors: Yoshida Takeshi , Benacerraf Baruj , McCluskey Robert T. , Vassalli Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Summary
A study was made of the effect of intravenous antigenic challenge on the levels of circulating leukocytes in delayed sensitive rats and guinea pigs.
A sharp decrease in the level of blood monocytes was observed 6 hr after antigenic challenge. This drop was generally followed after 24 hr by a compensatory increase in the number of these cells in the circulation.
The decrease and subsequent rebound of the level of blood monocytes following antigenic challenge was shown to be a systemic manifestation of delayed hypersensitivity and could not be elicited by the passive administration of antibody followed by antigen.
The increase in blood monocytes observed 24 hr after challenge was found to be the result of the release of new cells from the bone marrow.
No effect of antigenic challenge was detected on the levels of circulating lymphocytes or polymorphonuclear cells.
The relationship between these phenomena and in vivo and in vitro manifestations of delayed hypersensitivity is discussed.
Studies of the Macrophage Inhibition Test
Authors: Ferraresi R. W. , Dedrick Claire T. , Raffel S. , Goihman-Yahr M. 
Published: December 2022

Summary
The course of development of delayed skin reactivity in vivo and inhibition of peritoneal cell migration in vitro were compared in guinea pigs vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid (Dtd) and human γ globulin (HGG) in complete Freund's adjuvant. A modification of the capillary tube method of migration-inhibition provided a simple and reproducible system that was susceptible of statistically analysis and that allowed the detection of low levels of reactivity.
Delayed skin reactivity appeared earlier and developed more rapidly than migration-inhibition in the first 2 weeks after immunization. Studies with graded doses of Dtd later after sensitization indicated that, once sensitivity was well established, the in vivo and in vitro reactivities followed the same course.
Arthus reactivity in skin test sites did not coincide with maximum delayed skin reactivity or migration-inhibition.