bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short time dynamics of glass-forming liquids
Authors: Roland C. M. , Ngai K. L. 
Published: July 2002

Calculations have been presented for the intermediate scattering function, dynamic structure factor, and dynamic susceptibility of a complex correlated system undergoing relaxation with independent vibrations. The vibrational contribution was approximated by a Debye spectrum, smoothed at high frequency, while the coupling model was used to describe the relaxation. This model asserts for nonpolymeric glass-forming liquids a crossover at a microscopic time from intermolecularly uncorrelated relaxation at a constant rate to intermolecularly coupled relaxation with a time-dependent, slowed-down rate. Although the model has previously been employed to successfully predict and otherwise account for a number of macroscopic relaxation phenomena, critical phenomena are not included in, and cannot be addressed by, the coupling model. Notwithstanding an absence of any change in transport mechanism for the supercooled liquid at a critical temperature, the coupling model data, when analyzed in the manner used for mode coupling theory, shows various features interpreted by MCT as critical dynamic singularities. These include an apparent fast ‘‘β’’ relaxation giving rise to a cusp in the temperature dependence of the Debye–Waller factor, a power-law divergence in the temperature dependence of the relaxation time for the α process, and critical exponents for the relaxation having a defined relationship to one another.
Additionally, other experimental features of the short-time dynamics, such as the anomalous Debye–Waller factor and the von Schweidler law, are also observed in results derived from the coupling model. Whatever similarities underlie the coupling model and MCT, a crucial difference is that only the latter predicts the existence of critical phenomena. Yet these and other distinct features are exhibited by the coupling model data. Evidently, any interpretation of short-time behavior in terms of MCT is ambiguous, if not necessarily incorrect. This indicates the importance of the many macroscopic-time relaxation properties found over the years in glass forming liquids (including polymers, small molecule van der Waal liquids, and inorganic materials), and the necessity that they be addressed by any theory, including MCT, purporting to offer a fundamental description of relaxation phenomena.
An asymptotic expansion for the incomplete beta function
Authors: Doman B. 
Published: July 2002

A new asymptotic expansion is derived for the incomplete beta function

I
(
a
,
b
,
x
)

I(a,b,x)

, which is suitable for large

a
a

, small

b
b

and

x
>
0.5

x > 0.5

. This expansion is of the form

I
(
a
,
b
,
x
)

∼

Q
(
b
,
−
γ
log
⁡
x
)
+

Γ
(
a
+
b
)

Γ
(
a
)
Γ
(
b
)

x

γ

∑

n
=
0

∞

T

n

(
b
,
x
)

/

γ

n
+
1

,

\begin{equation*}I(a,b,x) \quad \sim \quad Q(b, -\gamma \log x) + {\frac {\Gamma (a + b)}{\Gamma (a) \Gamma (b)}} x^{\gamma } \sum ^{\infty }_{n=0}T_{n}(b,x)/ \gamma ^{n+1} , \end{equation*}

where

Q
Q

is the incomplete Gamma function ratio and

γ
=
a
+
(
b
−
1
)

/

2

\gamma = a + (b - 1)/2

. This form has some advantages over previous asymptotic expansions in this region in which

T

n

T_{n}

depends on

a
a

as well as on

b
b

and

x
x

.
Computing irreducible representations of supersolvable groups over small finite fields
Authors: Omrani A. , Shokrollahi A. 
Published: July 2002

We present an algorithm to compute a full set of irreducible representations of a supersolvable group

G
G

over a finite field

K
K

,

char
⁡
K
∤

|

G

|

\operatorname {char} K\nmid |G|

, which is not assumed to be a splitting field of

G
G

. The main subroutines of our algorithm are a modification of the algorithm of Baum and Clausen (Math. Comp. 63 (1994), 351–359) to obtain information on algebraically conjugate representations, and an effective version of Speiser’s generalization of Hilbert’s Theorem 90 stating that

H

1

(
Gal
⁡
(
L

/

K
)
,
GL
⁡
(
n
,
L
)
)

H^{1}(\operatorname {Gal}(L/K), \operatorname {GL}(n,L))

vanishes for all

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

.
On the highly accurate summation of certain series occurring in plate contact problems
Authors: MacDonald D. 
Published: July 2002

The infinite series

R
p

=

∑

k
=
1

∞

(
2
k
−
1
)

−
p

x

2
k
−
1

R_p = \sum _{k=1}^\infty {(2 k - 1)}^{- p} \, x^{2 k - 1}

,

0
>
1
−
x
≪
1

0 >1-x\ll 1

,

p
=
2

p = 2

or

3
3

, and the related series

C
(
x
,
b
,
2
)

a
m
p
;
=

∑

k
=
1

∞

(
2
k
−
1
)

−
2

cosh
⁡
(
2
k
−
1
)
x

/

cosh
⁡
(
2
k
−
1
)
b
,

0
>
1
−
x

/

b
≪
1
,

S
(
x
,
b
,
3
)

a
m
p
;
=

∑

k
=
1

∞

(
2
k
−
1
)

−
3

sinh
⁡
(
2
k
−
1
)
x

/

cosh
⁡
(
2
k
−
1
)
b
,

\begin{equation*} \begin {split} C(x,b,2) &=\sum _{k=1}^\infty {(2k-1)}^{-2} \cosh (2k-1)x/\cosh (2k-1)b,\quad 0 >1-x/b \ll 1,\\ S(x,b,3)&=\sum _{k=1}^\infty {(2k-1)}^{-3} \sinh (2k-1)x/\cosh (2k-1)b, \end{split} \end{equation*}

are of interest in problems concerning contact between plates and unilateral supports. This article will re-examine a previously published result of Baratella and Gabutti for

R
p

R_p

, and will present new, rapidly convergent, series for

C
(
x
,
b
,
2
)

C(x,b,2)

and

S
(
x
,
b
,
3
)
.

S(x,b,3).
A priori 𝐿^{𝜌} error estimates for Galerkin approximations to porous medium and fast diffusion equations
Authors: Wei Dongming , Lefton Lew 
Published: July 2002

Galerkin approximations to solutions of a Cauchy-Dirichlet problem governed by the generalized porous medium equation
\[

∂
u

∂
t

−

∑

i
=
1

N

∂

∂

x
i

(

|

u

|

ρ
−
2

∂
u

∂

x
i

)
=
f
(
x
,
t
)

\frac {\partial u}{\partial t}-\sum ^N_{i=1}\frac \partial {\partial x_i}(|u|^{\rho -2}\frac {\partial u}{ \partial x_i})=f(x,t)

\]
on bounded convex domains are considered. The range of the parameter

ρ
\rho

includes the fast diffusion case

1
>
ρ
>
2

1>\rho >2

. Using an Euler finite difference approximation in time, the semi-discrete solution is shown to converge to the exact solution in

L
∞

(
0
,
T
;

L
ρ

(
Ω
)
)

L^\infty (0,T;L^\rho (\Omega ))

norm with an error controlled by

O
(
Δ

t

1
4

)

O(\Delta t^{\frac 14})

for

1
>
ρ
>
2

1>\rho >2

and

O
(
Δ

t

1

2
ρ

)

O(\Delta t^{\frac 1{2\rho }})

for

2
≤
ρ
>
∞

2\le \rho >\infty

. For the fully discrete problem, a global convergence rate of

O
(
Δ

t

1
4

)

O(\Delta t^{\frac 14})

in

L
2

(
0
,
T
;

L
ρ

(
Ω
)
)

L^2(0,T;L^\rho (\Omega ))

norm is shown for the range

2
N

N
+
1

>
ρ
>
2

\frac {2N}{N+1}>\rho >2

. For

2
≤
ρ
>
∞

2\le \rho >\infty

, a rate of

O
(
Δ

t

1

2
ρ

)

O(\Delta t^{\frac 1{2\rho }})

is shown in

L
ρ

(
0
,
T
;

L
ρ

(
Ω
)
)

L^\rho (0,T;L^\rho (\Omega ))

norm.
Classification of G‐protein coupled receptors by alignment‐independent extraction of principal chemical properties of primary amino acid sequences
Authors: Lapinsh Maris , Gutcaits Alexandrs , Prusis Peteris , Post Claes , Lundstedt Torbjörn , Wikberg Jarl E.S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractWe have developed an alignment‐independent method for classification of G‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) according to the principal chemical properties of their amino acid sequences. The method relies on a multivariate approach where the primary amino acid sequences are translated into vectors based on the principal physicochemical properties of the amino acids and transformation of the data into a uniform matrix by applying a modified autocross‐covariance transform. The application of principal component analysis to a data set of 929 class A GPCRs showed a clear separation of the major classes of GPCRs. The application of partial least squares projection to latent structures created a highly valid model (cross‐validated correlation coefficient, Q2 = 0.895) that gave unambiguous classification of the GPCRs in the training set according to their ligand binding class. The model was further validated by external prediction of 535 novel GPCRs not included in the training set. Of the latter, only 14 sequences, confined in rapidly expanding GPCR classes, were mispredicted. Moreover, 90 orphan GPCRs out of 165 were tentatively identified to GPCR ligand binding class. The alignment‐independent method could be used to assess the importance of the principal chemical properties of every single amino acid in the protein sequences for their contributions in explaining GPCR family membership. It was then revealed that all amino acids in the unaligned sequences contributed to the classifications, albeit to varying extent; the most important amino acids being those that could also be determined to be conserved by using traditional alignment‐based methods.
Association of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices Payment Model With Home Dialysis Use at Kidney Failure Onset From 2016 to 2022
Authors: Johansen Kirsten L. , Li Shuling , Liu Jiannong , Weinhandl Eric D. , Gilbertson David T. , Kou Iris , Knapp Christopher , Wetmore James B. 
Published: February 2023

ImportanceThe Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services designed a mandatory payment model to incentivize home dialysis use: the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC). Outpatient dialysis facilities and health care professionals providing nephrology services were randomly assigned to ETC participation at the hospital referral region level.ObjectiveTo assess the association between ETC and home dialysis use in the incident dialysis population in its first 18 months of implementation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cohort study with controlled, interrupted time series analysis of the US End-Stage Renal Disease Quality Reporting System database was conducted, using generalized estimating equations. All adults initiating home-based dialysis in the US between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2022, without a prior kidney transplant were included in the analysis.ExposuresPrior to vs after ETC onset in January 1, 2021, and random assignment to ETC participation of facilities and health care professionals involved in patient care.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPercentage of patients started on incident home dialysis and yearly change in percentage initiating home dialysis.ResultsA total of 817 177 adults initiated home dialysis during the study period, of whom 750 314 were included in the study cohort. The cohort included 41.4% women; 26.2% of the patients were Black, 17.4% were Hispanic, and 49.1% were White. Approximately half (49.6%) of the patients were aged at least 65 years. A total of 31.2% received care from health care professionals assigned to ETC participation, and 33.6% had Medicare fee-for-service coverage. Overall, home dialysis use increased from 10.0% in January 2016 to 17.4% in June 2022. Home dialysis use increased more in ETC markets than in non-ETC markets after January 2021 (by 1.07%; 95% CI, 0.16%-1.97%). The rate of increase in home dialysis use in the entire cohort nearly doubled after January 2021 to 1.66% per year (95% CI, 1.14%-2.19%) compared with before 2021, when the rate was 0.86% per year (95% CI, 0.75%-0.97%), but the difference in rate of increase in home dialysis use was not significant between ETC and non-ETC markets.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study noted that, although the overall rate of dialysis use at home was greater after ETC implementation, the increase occurred more among patients in ETC markets than among those in non-ETC markets. These findings suggest that federal policy and financial incentives affected care for the entire incident dialysis population in the US.
Drug‐Free Biomimetic Oxygen Supply Nanovehicle Promotes Ischemia‐Reperfusion Therapy in Stroke
Authors: He Wenxiu , Zhang Xiao‐Yong , Gong Xiang , Luo Kuankuan , Mao Xuening , Lu Enhao , Chen Yiting , Wang Rui , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhao Jing , Sha Xianyi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecanalization intervention is the primary recommended therapy for ischemic stroke, but the rapid progression of brain damage results in a very narrow time window for ischemia‐reperfusion therapy, which remains the biggest obstacle for ischemic stroke treatment. Herein, a drug‐free biomimetic nanovehicle capable of improving cerebral ischemic tolerance and thus promoting ischemia‐reperfusion therapy is reported. The nanovehicle comprises an amphiphilic polyfluorocarbon, which delivers oxygen to alleviate the hostile hypoxic environment of ischemic brain, and Pluronic P123, which inhibits matrix metalloproteinase‐9 to protect the blood–brain barrier (BBB). When intravenously injected into ischemic stroke rats with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, these nanovehicles are able to preferentially access cerebral ischemic lesions in an inflammation‐directed manner, conferring robust ischemic tolerance and reperfusion resistance of brain tissues for ischemia‐reperfusion therapy. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the nanovehicle is beneficial for mice with permanent ischemic stroke induced by photothrombosis. This work suggests a promising strategy with hypoxia relief and BBB protection for ischemic stroke therapy.
Distinct Contact Scaling Effects in MoS2 Transistors Revealed with Asymmetrical Contact Measurements
Authors: Cheng Zhihui , Backman Jonathan , Zhang Huairuo , Abuzaid Hattan , Li Guoqing , Yu Yifei , Cao Linyou , Davydov Albert V. , Luisier Mathieu , Richter Curt A. , Franklin Aaron D. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract2D semiconducting materials have immense potential for future electronics due to their atomically thin nature, which enables better scalability. While the channel scalability of 2D materials has been extensively studied, the current understanding of contact scaling in 2D devices is inconsistent and oversimplified. Here physically scaled contacts and asymmetrical contact measurements (ACMs) are combined to investigate the contact scaling behavior in 2D field‐effect transistors. The ACMs directly compare electron injection at different contact lengths while using the exact same MoS2 channel, eliminating channel‐to‐channel variations. The results show that scaled source contacts can limit the drain current, whereas scaled drain contacts do not. Compared to devices with long contact lengths, devices with short contact lengths (scaled contacts) exhibit larger variations, 15% lower drain currents at high drain–source voltages, and a higher chance of early saturation and negative differential resistance. Quantum transport simulations reveal that the transfer length of Ni–MoS2 contacts can be as short as 5 nm. Furthermore, it is clearly identified that the actual transfer length depends on the quality of the metal‐2D interface. The ACMs demonstrated here will enable further understanding of contact scaling behavior at various interfaces.
Hybrid Encoding Strategy of Nanostructures for High‐Performance Security Information Encryption
Authors: Du Kaiyang , Zhu Jiliang , Du Yike , Xu Xuejing , Gao Han , Zhang Anxun , Li Shuting , Zhou Xuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrograming nanostructure of soft photonic crystal materials to try to diversify has great potential for application in the field of information security, lasing, and display. However, complex programming nanostructures for regulating and controlling their structural color and stimuli‐response behavior remain a technical challenge. Here, a strategy is demonstrated for hybrid encoding nanostructures of soft photonic crystals using cholesteric liquid crystal films (CLCFs). The public and secure information can be easily edited through the independent tuning of Bragg center‐wavelength and thermal sensitivity of the CLCF through the alternating current electric field and Michael addition reaction. A photomask is used when ultraviolet irradiates to record the edited information on one CLCF. The encrypted information can be protected by a triple mechanism of spectral analysis, algorithm encryption, and temperature response encryption, which all can be defined as needed. High encrypted composite coding security and visual patterns are fabricated using this coordination strategy. This hybrid encoding provides a platform for a complex program of nanostructure of the photonic crystals and shows great potential in secure information writing and encryption enhancement.
Gossypol‐Crosslinked Nanoclusters of Ultrasmall Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Ultrasound‐Enhanced Precision Tumor Theranostics
Authors: Yang Rui , Wu Rui , Zhang Bin , Guo Honghua , Qu Jiao , Xia Jindong , Zhang Guixiang , Shen Mingwu , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDevelopment of tumor microenvironment (TME)‐responsive nanomedicines with simple components for precision tumor theranostics still maintains a great challenge. Here, the design of an intelligent nanocluster (NC) system assembled from gossypol‐mediated crosslinking of phenylboronic acid‐modified ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USIO NPs) is presented. The gossypol functions as both a chemotherapy (CT) drug and a crosslinker through phenylborate ester bonds that are sensitive to both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pH. The developed gossypol‐USIO NCs (for short, G‐USIO NCs), having a size of 34.2 nm, possess stability under physiological conditions, enable intracellular ROS generation and glutathione depletion to modulate TME, promote apoptosis of cancer cells in vitro, and inhibit tumor/lung metastasis in vivo through gossypol‐mediated CT and USIO‐mediated chemodynamic therapy owing to the ROS‐ and pH‐triggered dissociation of the NCs to release gossypol and Fe at the tumor site. Likewise, the dissociated USIO NPs from the NCs afford TME‐facilitated T1‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Furthermore, the effects of the tumor T1 MR imaging and the combination therapy can be elevated by ultrasound‐targeted microbubble destruction‐induced cavitation and sonoporation. The designed G‐USIO NCs with simple ingredients are likely developed to be a promising theranostic nanomedicine formulation for ultrasound‐facilitated precision theranostics of various tumor types.
Anti‐Coronaviral Nanocluster Restrain Infections of SARS‐CoV‐2 and Associated Mutants through Virucidal Inhibition and 3CL Protease Inactivation
Authors: Tang Hao , Qin Hongbo , He Shiting , Li Qizhen , Xu Huan , Sun Mengsi , Li Jiaan , Lu Shanshan , Luo Shengdong , Mao Panyong , Han Pengjun , Song Lihua , Tong Yigang , Fan Huahao , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntivirals that can combat coronaviruses, including SARS‐CoV‐2 and associated mutants, are urgently needed but lacking. Simultaneously targeting the viral physical structure and replication cycle can endow antivirals with sustainable and broad‐spectrum anti‐coronavirus efficacy, which is difficult to achieve using a single small‐molecule antiviral. Thus, a library of nanomaterials on GX_P2V, a SARS‐CoV‐2‐like coronavirus of pangolin origin, is screened and a surface‐functionalized gold nanocluster (TMA‐GNC) is identified as the top hit. TMA‐GNC inhibits transcription‐ and replication‐competent SARS‐CoV‐2 virus‐like particles and all tested pseudoviruses of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. TMA‐GNC prevents viral dissemination through destroying membrane integrity physically to enable a virucidal effect, interfering with viral replication by inactivating 3CL protease and priming the innate immune system against coronavirus infection. TMA‐GNC exhibits biocompatibility and significantly reduces viral titers, inflammation, and pathological injury in lungs and tracheas of GX_P2V‐infected hamsters. TMA‐GNC may have a role in controlling the COVID‐19 pandemic and inhibiting future emerging coronaviruses or variants.
Chung–Jansen syndrome can mimic Cornelia de Lange syndrome: Another player among chromatinopathies?
Authors: Conti Beatrice , Rinaldi Berardo , Rimoldi Martina , Villa Roberta , Iascone Maria , Gangi Silvana , Porro Matteo , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Colli Anna Maria , Mosca Fabio , Bedeschi Maria Francesca 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multisystem congenital neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) characterized by distinctive facial anomalies, short stature, developmental delay, hirsutism, gastrointestinal abnormalities and upper limb reduction defects. CdLS syndrome is associated with causative variants in genes encoding for the cohesin complex, a cellular machinery involved in chromatid pairing, DNA repair and gene‐expression regulation. In this report, we describe a familial case of a syndromic presentation in a 4‐year‐old patient (P1) and in his mother (P2). Trio‐based Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) performed on P1 was first negative. Since his phenotypic evolution during the follow‐up was reminiscent of the CdLS spectrum, a reanalysis of WES data, focused on CdLS‐related genes, was requested. Although no alterations in those genes was detected, we identified the likely pathogenetic variant c.40G > A (p.Glu14Lys) in the PHIP gene, in the meanwhile associated with Chung‐Jansen syndrome. Reverse phenotyping carried out in both patients confirmed the molecular diagnosis. CHUJANS belongs to NDDs, featuring developmental delay, mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability, behavioral problems, obesity and facial dysmorphisms. Moreover, as here described, CHUJANS shows a significant overlap with the CdLS spectrum, with specific regard to facial gestalt. On the basis of our findings, we suggest to include PHIP among genes routinely analyzed in patients belonging to the CdLS spectrum.
Aquaporin‐4 Antibody Dynamics and Relapse Risk in Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Treated with Immunosuppressants
Authors: Yin He‐Xiang , Wang Ying‐Jie , Liu Man‐Ge , Zhang Ding‐Ding , Ren Hai‐Tao , Mao Zhi‐Feng , Zhang Yao , Peng Bin , Cui Li‐Ying , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate aquaporin‐4 antibody (AQP4‐IgG) dynamics and relapse risk in patients with seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder treated with immunosuppressants.MethodsThis observational cohort study with prospectively collected data included 400 neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients seropositive for AQP4‐IgG and treated with immunosuppressants. Serum AQP4‐IgG was detected by fixed cell‐based assay every 6 months.ResultsAfter treatment with immunosuppressants, 128 patients became AQP4‐IgG seronegative. The median time to become seronegative for 400 patients was 76.4 months (61.4 months, NA). Among those patients with negative change of AQP4‐IgG, the mean annualized relapse rate significantly decreased after patients became seronegative (0.20 vs 0.77, p < 0.001), and a positive correlation was observed between time to become seronegative and relapse (OR 1.018, 95% CI 1.001–1.035, p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for AQP4‐IgG becoming seronegative were older age at onset, initiation of immunosuppressants at onset, and shorter disease duration before maintenance therapy. Independent risk factors for relapse included younger age (≤46.4 years) at onset, poly‐system involvement in the first attack, and unchanged or increased AQP4‐IgG titer. The relapse risk was not associated with sex, combination with connective tissue disease, seropositivity for systemic autoimmune antibodies, or incomplete recovery from the first attack.InterpretationPatients with younger age at onset, poly‐system involvement in the first attack, and unchanged or increased titer of AQP4‐IgG are most likely to experience relapse under treatment with immunosuppressants. Time to AQP4‐IgG becoming seronegative and change of AQP4‐IgG titer may become the surrogate efficacy biomarkers in clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:1069–1081