bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age at menarche and polycystic ovary syndrome: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Yuanlin , Cai Jiahao , Liu Lok‐Wan , Hou Wenhui , Wei Zixin , Wang Yizi , Xu Yanwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe authors aimed to use a large two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to reveal the causality between age at menarche (AAM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) incidence.MethodsThe authors collected summary statistics from the hitherto largest genome‐wide association studies conducted in AAM and PCOS in the same ancestry. MR with inverse variance weighting was conducted as the main analysis method, while weighted median and MR‐Egger regression were used for comprehensive analysis. As for pleiotropy detection, inverse variance weighting, MR‐Egger regression, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier, as well as leave‐one‐out analysis were used to detect pleiotropy. Risk factor analysis was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking AAM to PCOS.ResultsEach standard deviation increment in AAM was associated with a significantly lower incidence of PCOS (odds ratio, 0.86 [95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.98]). After adjustment in horizontal pleiotropy by eliminating four outliers, this pathogenic association was still statistically detected. All pleiotropy indexes were without statistical differences, which suggested the conclusions were robust. It showed the causal association between later AAM and lower body mass index, lower fasting insulin level and insulin resistance.ConclusionOur MR analysis verified that a slightly later onset age (15 to 18 years) at menarche could reduce the risk of PCOS. A more comprehensive investigation in a prospective setting is strongly advised.
Pregnancy and delivery characteristics and outcomes in Northwestern Syria: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman , Bakri Basil , Bakour Chighaf 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveDetail a picture of the current pregnancy and delivery characteristics and outcomes in Northwestern Syria.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study, using an electronic health information system, from four healthcare centers in two provinces in Northwestern Syria. We classified the population into two groups: Displaced people are those who live inside refugee camps; and residents are housed outside the camps.ResultsWe analyzed data from 21 294 pregnant women. Among them 69.6% were displaced. Less than 1% of all care met the standard WHO's antenatal guidelines, and 3.9% met the focused WHO guidelines. Displaced women were more likely to have no antenatal visits (35.8% vs. 25.4%). We found a high rate of anemia (45.8%), prevalence of adolescent pregnancy (20.7%), cesarean‐section (25.2%), preterm birth (4.2%), low birth weight (8.3%), and newborn mortality rate within 24 hours of birth (1.2%). Preterm births were more likely to occur in women who had no record of antenatal visits (4.2%) and the prevalence decreased with the increasing number of antenatal visits.ConclusionWe found huge deficiency in perinatal care among all women in this region. We found high cesarean‐section rate, anemia, premature birth, newborn mortality within 24 h of birth, and high adolescent pregnancy.
Fluorescence‐guided laser lithotripsy: Estimation of the potential effectiveness and safety increase based on first clinical data
Authors: Lange B. , Ozimek T. , Wießmeyer J. R. , Kramer M. W. , Merseburger A. S. , Brinkmann R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn clinically approved laser lithotripsy systems, there is no automatic monitoring of fiber position to date. We investigated whether detecting stone autofluorescence, excited by a green aiming beam, is possible via the fiber during fragmentation by continuously recording the fluorescence signal in 12 ureterosopic lithotripsy procedures. We estimated which threshold the fluorescence signal's amplitude exceeds before laser pulses with visible stone removal by retrospective inspection of the endoscope's video data. For all procedures, blocking the laser when the fluorescence amplitude is below a threshold corresponding to the signal's baseline plus its range (maximum–minimum value) would have been appropriate to suppress ineffective pulses—the energy input could have been reduced by a mean of 14% (1%–29%) without changing the operation time. Ablation of the PTFE coating of the guidewire could have been prevented three times and cutting of a wire of the retrieval basket two times.
Effects of Posture and Walking on Tibial Vascular Hemodynamics Before and After 14 Days of Head‐Down Bed Rest
Authors: Hedge Eric T , Vico Laurence , Hughson Richard L , Mastrandrea Carmelo J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTHuman skeletal hemodynamics remain understudied. Neither assessments in weight‐bearing bones during walking nor following periods of immobility exist, despite knowledge of altered nutrient‐artery characteristics after short‐duration unloading in rodents. We studied 12 older adults (8 females, aged 59 ± 3 years) who participated in ambulatory near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) assessments of tibial hemodynamics before (PRE) and after (POST) 14 days of head‐down bed rest (HDBR), with most performing daily resistance and aerobic exercise countermeasures during HDBR. Continual simultaneous NIRS recordings were acquired over the proximal anteromedial tibial prominence of the right lower leg and ipsilateral lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle during supine rest, walking, and standing. During 10 minutes of walking, desaturation kinetics in the tibia were slower (time to 95% nadir values 125.4 ± 56.8 s versus 55.0 ± 30.1 s,p = 0.0014). Tibial tissue saturation index (TSI) immediately fell (−9.9 ± 4.55) and did not completely recover by the end of 10 minutes of walking (−7.4 ± 6.7%,p = 0.027). Upon standing, total hemoglobin (tHb) kinetics were faster in the tibia (p < 0.0001), whereas HDBR resulted in faster oxygenated hemoglogin (O2Hb) kinetics in both tissues (p = 0.039). After the walk‐to‐stand transition, changes in O2Hb (p = 0.0022) and tHb (p = 0.0047) were attenuated in the tibia alone after bed rest. Comparisons of NIRS‐derived variables during ambulation and changes in posture revealed potentially deleterious adaptations of feed vessels after HDBR. We identify important and novel tibial hemodynamics in humans during ambulation before and after bed rest, necessitating further investigation. © 2023 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Long noncoding RNA ZEB1‐AS1 attenuates ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells through modulating miR‐429/BGN axis
Authors: Wu Chen , Hou Xinfang , Li Shuai , Luo Suxia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is the fifth utmost common malignant cancer type globally, in which ferroptosis acts a critical function in the progress of GC. Long noncoding RNA ZEB1‐AS1 has been recognized in numerous cancers, but the role of ZEB1‐AS1 in ferroptosis remains obscure. Hence, we investigated the efficacy of ZEB1‐AS1 on ferroptosis of GC cells. The cell growth and viability were analyzed via cell counting kit assay and xenograft tumor model in vivo and in vitro, respectively. The RNA and protein expression were measured by qRT‐PCR and western blot analysis assay, respectively. The levels of Fe2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) were tested to determine ferroptosis. The erastin and RSL3 were used to induce ferroptosis. The mechanism was analyzed via luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays. The treatment of ferroptosis inducer Erastin and RSL3 suppressed the viability of GC cells and the ZEB1‐AS1 overexpression rescued the phenotype in the cells. The levels of Fe2+, MDA, and ROS were enhanced through the depletion of ZEB1‐AS1 in Erastin/RSL3 treated GC cells. ZEB1‐AS1 directly sponged miR‐429 in GC cells and miR‐429 targeted BGN in GC cells, and the inhibition of miR‐429 rescued ZEB1‐AS1 depletion‐inhibited BGN expression. We validated that miR‐429 induced and BGN‐repressed ferroptosis in cancer cells. The BGN overexpression and miR‐429 suppression could reverse the efficacy of ZEB1‐AS1 on proliferation and ferroptosis in cancer cells. The expression of ZEB1‐AS1 and BGN was enhanced and miR‐429 expression was decreased in clinical GC tissues. ZEB1‐AS1 attenuated ferroptosis of cancer cells by modulating miR‐429/BGN axis.
First‐trimester ventriculomegaly in fetuses with callosal agenesis: Cause or association?
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Quach Diane , Rolnik Daniel L. , Lopez‐Saiz Laura E. , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raquel , Garcia‐Delgado Raquel , Ramkrishna Jayshree , Meagher Charlotte , Meagher Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe sonographic findings in four fetuses presenting with ventriculomegaly at first‐trimester ultrasound that were subsequently diagnosed as having agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) are described. The diagnosis of early ventriculomegaly was suspected subjectively by identification of increased cerebrospinal fluid within the lateral ventricles and confirmed by measuring choroid plexus‐to‐lateral ventricle length and area ratios. Subsequent scans revealed complete ACC in two cases and partial ACC in the other two. This report adds to the increasing evidence suggesting that first‐trimester ventriculomegaly is a strong sonographic marker of underlying brain anomalies, including less evident malformations such as ACC. Detailed second‐trimester fetal neurosonography in those women continuing their pregnancies should be performed.
Mulberry leaf and konjac compound powder improves the metabolic capacity of old mice on a high‐protein diet by regulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota
Authors: Deng Liling , Zhong Geng , Peng Yongbo , Zhu Zhaojing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health of elderly individuals is closely linked to their protein intake and the abundance of intestinal microbiota. To investigate the impact of a compound powder made from mulberry leaf and konjac (hereinafter referred to as ‘compound powder’) on regulating the structure of intestinal microbiota in 15‐month‐old BALB/c mice that were fed a high‐beef‐protein diet, 16S rRNA high‐throughput sequencing, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase reaction, western blot, and other biochemical methods were used to analyze the differences in intestinal microbiota, protein metabolism‐related genes, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) content, and serum cytokines.RESULTSThe results showed that the compound powder increased the content of SCFAs, reduced the inflammatory reaction of the body, adjusted the abundance of intestinal microbiota (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes), and increased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B). Moreover, the compound powder could increase the abundance of Lactobacillus and some non‐dominant bacteria that were related to amino acid metabolism and beneficial to human health, such as Eubacterium coprostanoligenes. These beneficial bacteria competitively reduced the abundance of harmful bacteria to protect the intestinal barrier and promote intestinal health, and upregulated the activities of aminopeptidase, proton‐coupled oligopeptide transporter 1, and glutamate dehydrogenase at the transcription and translation levels.CONCLUSIONThe compound powder could balance the abundance of intestinal microbiota, which may improve the metabolic capacity of old mice on a high‐protein diet, and ultimately promoting the well‐being of elderly individuals. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Dry direct‐seeded rice has higher energy and carbon production efficiencies without reducing economic benefits
Authors: Jin Zhaoqiang , Mu Yixue , Li Yusheng , Nie Lixiao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundWater and energy shortages and food security challenges associated with global warming are essential issues affecting human survival and development. Rice is one of the world's top three staple food crops. In the present study, the energy footprint (EF), carbon footprint (CF), energy production efficiency (EPE), carbon production efficiency (CPE), and economic benefit (EB) of dry direct‐seeded rice (DSR), wet direct‐seeded rice (WSR), and transplanted rice (TPR), respectively, were integrated and assessed.ResultsThe yield of WSR and TPR was 9.64% and 13.76% higher than that of DSR, respectively. However, DSR has less irrigation and less intensive field tillage; therefore, its energy input, and CF, were 37.47% and 44.29%, and 29.35% and 34.77%, lower than those of WSR and TPR, respectively; the EPE and CPE were obviously improved; and the EB was not lower than that of WSR and TPR. Current rice production relies heavily on non‐renewable energy inputs such as nitrogen fertilizer, diesel, and machinery. Therefore, the key to improving EPE, CPE, and EB in rice production at the same time as reducing CF was to improve water use efficiency and decrease the intensity of paddy tillage.ConclusionThe DSR has higher social, economic, and ecological benefits and can be the preferred rice planting method for rice production areas. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
A review of the occurrence, metabolites and health risks of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Diao Mei‐ning , Zhang Yin‐Feng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractButylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) is mainly used as a food additive due to its antioxidant properties, which prevent or delay oxidation reactions and extend the storage life of products. The widespread use of BHA has led to its extensive presence in various environmental matrices and human tissues. Food intake is the main route of human exposure to BHA. Under different conditions, BHA can produce different metabolites, with tert‐butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) being one of the major products. Several studies have shown that BHA could cause thyroid system damage, metabolic and growth disorders, neurotoxicity, and carcinogenesis. Mechanisms such as endocrine disruption, genotoxicity, disturbances of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signaling pathways, and imbalances in calcium homeostasis appear to be associated with the toxic effects of BHA. Avoiding the toxic effects of BHA to the maximum extent possible is a top priority. Finding safe, non‐toxic and environmentally friendly alternatives to BHA should be the focus of subsequent research. In all, this review summarized the current situation related to BHA and might make recommendations for future research directions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Mapping crop damage by wild boars using multi‐scale risk modeling in Northeast China
Authors: Ding Nianfan , Atzeni Luciano , Chen Ying , Lyu Zhuoluo , Shi Kun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBalancing development and conservation is one of the major challenges for modern societies. Negative human–wildlife interactions, especially crop raiding by wildlife, greatly undermine this objective. Jilin Province in Northeast China encompasses ecosystems of high biodiversity value but endures serious losses in crop yields due to wild boars (Sus scrofa). Mitigation measures have been hindered by knowledge gaps in wild boar damage patterns. Our objective was to investigate how wild boar damage responded to human‐dominated landscapes, evaluating landscape patterns of damage at multiple ecological scales, thus providing a provincial map of damage risk to assist with damage mitigation. We used 1,144 coordinates of wild boar damage from 2009 to 2013 to train multi‐scale risk models with the maximum entropy algorithm. Damage risk was highest on gentle slopes and in heterogenous landscapes composed of fragmented plantations and cropland, with high edge density among small discontinuous patches, and with dense settlements in countryside areas with sporadic road networks. Scale had a substantial effect on relationships between damage and landscapes. We recommend mitigating the conflict risk by improving the compensation system and reducing the damage frequency through repelling, electric fencing, and dissuasive feeding.
Functional Outcomes in Patients with Human Papillomavirus‐Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Cancer Treated with Trimodality Therapy
Authors: Lu Joseph S. , Cao Austin C. , Shimunov David , Sun Lova , Lukens John N. , Lin Alexander , Cohen Roger B. , Basu Devraj , Cannady Steven B. , Rajasekaran Karthik , Weinstein Gregory S. , Brody Robert M. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo describe swallowing and feeding‐tube outcomes in patients with high‐risk oropharyngeal cancer treated with trimodality therapy (TMT), including transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.MethodsA chart review was conducted on patients with HPV+ OPSCC receiving TMT with TORS at an academic medical center from March 2010 to March 2021. Data collected included demographics, treatment, feeding tube placement, functional oral intake scale (FOIS) scores, and swallowing‐language pathology (SLP) evaluations.ResultsA total of 255 patients met selection criteria (mean age 61 years, 88% male). Following intraoperative nasogastric tube (NG) placement, 31% remained NG tube dependent after 3 weeks. A gastrostomy tube was placed in 19% of patients, and at 1 year after end‐of‐treatment (EOT), 3.5% overall remained tube‐dependent. Mean FOIS scores were 6.9 (SD = 0.3) at pre‐operative visit, 2.6 (1.8) at first post‐operative visit, and 5.5 (1.5) after EOT. In the subset of patients with follow‐up longer than 2 years (n = 118), the mean FOIS was 6.1 (SD = 1.3) at most recent visit. Clinical signs of aspiration/penetration were suspected on SLP evaluation in 18% of patients. These patients were subsequently evaluated with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) and/or barium swallow study, which confirmed signs of aspiration in 2.7% of patients overall. Delayed NG tube removal after 3 weeks was predictive of (1) gastrostomy tube requirement and (2) clinical signs of aspiration on an SLP visit after EOT.ConclusionsFavorable functional and feeding‐tube outcomes are demonstrated in patients with HPV‐associated OPSCC undergoing TMT. In this single‐institution study, we found low rates of long‐term feeding tube dependence and high median FOIS following treatment. Review of routine SLP visits provides a detailed and easily accessible means for assessing swallowing function in this cohort.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 133:3013–3020, 2023
On‐Chip Multidimensional Manipulation of Far‐Field Radiation with Guided Wave‐Driven Metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Yuebian , Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Cheng Hua , Choi Duk‐Yong , Tian Jianguo , Chen Shuqi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMiniaturization and integration of multiple optical components in one chip are important trends in the future development of optical chips. Despite various on‐chip multifunctional metasurfaces having been proposed, simultaneously manipulating the polarization and wavefront of far‐field radiation still remains a challenge. Here, a novel approach to simultaneously realize on‐chip polarization and wavefront manipulation of far‐field radiation with guided wave‐driven geometric metasurfaces is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Various polarized beams with controllable radiation angles can be generated by maneuvering phase gradients and far‐field interferences of meta‐atoms. The phase and amplitude of off‐chip radiation can be tailored all at once by altering the rotation angles and positions of each meta‐atom. As a proof of concept, a guided wave‐driven metalens and four different on‐chip polarization generators are fabricated and characterized. These on‐chip devices work at broadband and can realize mode‐dependent beam deflection. This study provides a practical route toward on‐chip multidimensional control of far‐field radiation, which could support a further step in the development of photonic integrated circuits, wearable near‐eye displays, and optical information processing devices, just to name a few.
Weighted estimates for square functions associated with operators
Authors: Wen Yongming , Shen Qinrui , Sun Junjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet L be a non‐negative self‐adjoint operator on . Suppose that the kernels of the analytic semigroup satisfy the upper bound related to a critical function ρ but without any assumptions of smooth conditions on spacial variables. In this paper, we consider the weighted inequalities for square functions associated with L, which include the vertical square functions, the conical square functions and the Littlewood–Paley g‐functions. A new bump condition related to the critical function is given for the two‐weighted boundedness of square functions associated with L. Besides, we also prove the weighted inequalities for square functions associated with L on weighted variable Lebesgue spaces with new classes of weights considered in [5]. As applications, our results can be applied to magnetic Schrödinger operator, Laguerre operators.
Effects of charge on protein ion structure: Lessons from cation‐to‐anion, proton‐transfer reactions
Authors: Gozzo Theresa A. , Bush Matthew F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCollision cross‐section values, which can be determined using ion mobility experiments, are sensitive to the structures of protein ions and useful for applications to structural biology and biophysics. Protein ions with different charge states can exhibit very different collision cross‐section values, but a comprehensive understanding of this relationship remains elusive. Here, we review cation‐to‐anion, proton‐transfer reactions (CAPTR), a method for generating a series of charge‐reduced protein cations by reacting quadrupole‐selected cations with even‐electron monoanions. The resulting CAPTR products are analyzed using a combination of ion mobility, mass spectrometry, and collisional activation. We compare CAPTR to other charge‐manipulation strategies and review the results of various CAPTR‐based experiments, exploring their contribution to a deeper understanding of the relationship between protein ion structure and charge state.
Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Zhong Qian , Xiao Xina , Qiu Yijie , Xu Zhiqiang , Chen Chunyu , Chong Baochen , Zhao Xinjun , Hai Shan , Li Shuangqing , An Zhenmei , Dai Lunzhi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProtein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well‐known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short‐chain and long‐chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.