bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes for men undergoing rectal prolapse surgery – a systematic review
Authors: Fagan Georgina , Bathgate Andrea , Dalzell Alex , Collinson Rowan , Lin Anthony 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimRectal prolapse is considered rare in men but the prevalence can be high in certain populations. It is unclear which surgical approach offers lower recurrence rates and better functional outcomes in men. The aim of this work was to determine the recurrence rates, complications and functional outcomes after prolapse surgery in men.MethodThe MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus databases were systematically searched to identify studies on outcomes following surgical management of full‐thickness rectal prolapse in men (over 18 years of age) published between 1951 and September 2022. Outcomes of interest included recurrence rate after surgery, bowel function, urinary function, sexual function and postoperative complications.ResultsTwenty‐eight studies involving 1751 men were included. Two papers focused exclusively on men. Twelve studies employed a mixture of abdominal approaches, ten employed perineal approaches and six compared both. The recurrence rate varied across studies, ranging from 0% to 34%. Sexual and urinary function were poorly reported, but the incidence of dysfunction appears low.ConclusionThe outcomes of rectal prolapse surgery in men are poorly studied with small sample sizes and variable outcomes reported. There is insufficient evidence to recommend a specific repair approach based on the recurrence rate and functional outcomes. Further studies are required to identify the optimal surgical approach for rectal prolapse in men.
Social inequalities in famine mortality in the manorial system of the tsarist Russian province of Livland in the mid‐1840s
Authors: Lust Kersti , Klesment Martin , Jaadla Hannaliis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBy relying on longitudinal data on two rural parishes in the Russian Baltic province of Livland, the article analyses two questions concerning famine's short‐run effects on mortality in a manorial system: (1) whether there is evidence of a social gradient in mortality during the famine of 1844–6 and (2) whether the manors could protect the peasants against the hardships. The analysis reveals that neither the status of a farmer peasant nor the landlord saved the local inhabitants from an increased risk of dying during the famine of 1844–6. The conventional assumptions about the protective effect of the higher socio‐economic status or type of manor against subsistence crisis found very little support in the study.
Desaturation of sebaceous‐type saturated fatty acids through the SCD1 and the FADS2 pathways impacts lipid neosynthesis and inflammatory response in sebocytes in culture
Authors: Flori Enrica , Mastrofrancesco Arianna , Ottaviani Monica , Maiellaro Miriam , Zouboulis Christos C. , Camera Emanuela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSebum is a lipid‐rich mixture secreted by the sebaceous gland (SG) onto the skin surface. By penetrating through the epidermis, sebum may be involved in the regulation of epidermal and dermal cells in both healthy and diseased skin conditions. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs), found as free FAs (FFAs) and in bound form in neutral lipids, are essential constituents of sebum and key players of the inflammatory processes occurring in the pilosebaceous unit in acne‐prone skin. Little is known on the interplay among uptake of saturated FFAs, their biotransformation, and induction of proinflammatory cytokines in sebocytes. In the human SG, palmitate (C16:0) is the precursor of sapienate (C16:1n‐10) formed by insertion of a double bond (DB) at the Δ6 position catalysed by the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) enzyme. Conversely, palmitoleate (C16:1n‐7) is formed by insertion of a DB at the Δ9 position catalysed by the stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) enzyme. Other FFAs processed in the SG, also undergo these main desaturation pathways. We investigated lipogenesis and release of IL‐6 and IL‐8 pro‐inflammatory cytokines in SZ95 sebocytes in vitro after treatment with saturated FFAs, that is, C16:0, margarate (C17:0), and stearate (C18:0) with or without specific inhibitors of SCD1 and FADS2 desaturase enzymes, and a drug with mixed inhibitory effects on FADS1 and FADS2 activities. C16:0 underwent extended desaturation through both SCD1 and FADS2 catalysed pathways and displayed the strongest lipoinflammatory effects. Inhibition of desaturation pathways proved to enhance lipoinflammation induced by SFAs in SZ95 sebocytes. Palmitate (C16:0), margarate (C17:0), and stearate (C18:0) are saturated fatty acids that induce different arrays of neutral lipids (triglycerides) and dissimilar grades of inflammation in sebocytes.
Comparing environmental DNA with whole pond survey to estimate the total biomass of fish species in ponds
Authors: Souma Rio , Katano Izumi , Doi Hideyuki , Takahara Teruhiko , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) has recently been developed for detecting the distribution of macroorganisms in aquatic systems and for estimating biomass/abundance. Although positive relationships between eDNA concentrations of species and biomass/abundance have been observed in previous studies, estimation of total biomass in a particular ecosystem based on eDNA concentration has not been investigated.

To test this, we sampled eDNA from the littoral and pelagic zones of eight small ponds in Japan. Then, we drained ponds to capture all fish inhabiting each pond. We compared the eDNA copies measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis with the captured biomass of three dominant fish species (common carp, bluegill sunfish, and largemouth bass) obtained by direct capture. Differences in eDNA concentrations were compared between the littoral and pelagic zones of each pond.

We found positive relationships between the eDNA copies and the whole captured biomass of all target species using Type II logarithmic equations, and the eDNA copies appeared to be saturated at a higher total biomass.

We found positive correlations between the total number of eDNA copies and the total captured biomass of three fish species. This demonstrated the first step in estimating the population biomass of target fish species under natural conditions using eDNA measurement.
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin, a by‐product of hazelnut industry, possesses oil with high oxidative and thermal stabilities
Authors: Çelik Ömer F. , Aktaş Nesimi , Tugay Mehmet İ. , Tunçil Yunus E. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryDue to its high antioxidant capacity, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) skin oil has recently gained great attention. However, its thermal and oxidative characteristics have not been elucidated yet. Here, we determined the thermal and oxidative properties, antioxidant activity and fatty acid composition of hazelnut skin oil (HSO) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spectrophotometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively, and compared those with the oils from natural and roasted hazelnuts. HSO was found to have significantly higher proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acid, compared with oils from natural and roasted hazelnut. HSO had the lowest melting point. Moreover, HSO revealed higher oxidative stability, which can be attributed to its greater antioxidant capacity. These findings indicate that hazelnut skin, a by‐product of hazelnut industry, has potential to be utilised in hazelnut oil industry to produce oil possessing high oxidative and thermal stability.
De la montée en gamme économique à la montée en gamme sociale dans le secteur éthiopien du textile et de l'habillement: le rôle des acteurs locaux
Authors: MULUBIRAN Telaye Fikadu , KARLSEN Asbjørn 
Published: February 2023

RésuméLes auteurs explorent les liens entre montée en gamme économique et avancées sociales en Éthiopie, pays en développement doté d'une politique industrielle volontariste et d'une législation du travail stricte. Ils analysent pour ce faire les stratégies de cinq entreprises impliquées dans les réseaux de production mondiaux de l'habillement, observées en 2015. L'analyse montre que les réglementations influant sur la sécurité de l'emploi et le bien‐être physique des travailleurs sont négociées par les employeurs locaux, les travailleurs et les syndicats plutôt que par les acheteurs mondiaux. Elle prouve également que la montée en gamme économique peut s'accompagner d'une dégradation sociale au sein d'une même entreprise.
T follicular helper cell responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination among healthy and immunocompromised adults
Authors: Boyd Mollie Ailie Acheson , Carey Hoppe Alexandra , Kelleher Anthony D , Munier C Mee Ling 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe worldwide rollout of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccinations in the last 2 years has produced a multitude of studies investigating T‐cell responses in the peripheral blood and a limited number in secondary lymphoid tissues. As a key component to an effective immune response, vaccine‐specific T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are localized in the draining lymph node (LN) and assist in the selection of highly specific B‐cell clones for the production of neutralizing antibodies. While these cells have been noted in the blood as circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells, they are not often taken into consideration when examining effective CD4+ T‐cell responses, particularly in immunocompromised groups. Furthermore, site‐specific analyses in locations such as the LN have recently become an attractive area of investigation. This is mainly a result of improved sampling methods via ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy (FNB)/fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), which are less invasive than LN excision and able to be performed longitudinally. While these studies have been undertaken in healthy individuals, data from immunocompromised groups are lacking. This review will focus on both Tfh and cTfh responses after SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised individuals. This area of investigation could identify key characteristics of a successful LN response required for the prevention of infection and viral clearance. This furthermore may highlight responses that could be fine‐tuned to improve vaccine efficacy within immunocompromised groups that are at a risk of more severe disease.
Elucidating the impact of dental caries, pain and treatment on academic performance in children
Authors: Quadri Mir Faeq Ali , Ahmad Basaruddin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence for the impact of oral health on academic performance is still unclear.AimTo assess the impact of oral health conditions on poor academic performance in schoolchildren by including a range of clinical and self‐reported OH measures in a modified cross‐sectional study.DesignThis study was carried out on schoolchildren aged 12–14 years in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, using a stratified and randomised cluster sampling method. Clinical indices from oral screening and self‐reported OH conditions and behaviours and school absence from the self‐administered questionnaire were recorded a month before the school examination. Results of passing or failing the examination were obtained after the examination. Statistical associations were examined using bivariate and multiple logistic regressions. The oral health measures were categorised based on the types of conditions and briefly appraised.ResultsMeasures of dental caries, dental pain, soft tissue problems, oral hygiene, tooth discolouration, tooth mobility and school absence due to dental pain were associated with greater odds of failing the examination (p < .05). Measures of dental treatment and absence due to dental visits were associated with lower odds of failing (p < .05).ConclusionsDental caries with pain likely explains the poor academic performance of schoolchildren, whereas treatment has a protective effect.
Comparison of recommendations for surveillance of advanced colorectal polyps: A systematic review of guidelines
Authors: Parker Jody , Gupta Sunnia , Torkington Jared , Dolwani Sunil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPatients diagnosed with advanced colorectal lesions have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer. International polyp surveillance guidelines have recently been updated. The aim of this systematic review was to assess surveillance recommendations for advanced colorectal polyps and compare the patient, polyp, and colonoscopy quality factors considered in their recommendations.MethodsGuidelines with surveillance recommendations for colorectal polyps were identified. Databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, TripPro, and guidelines identified by two blinded reviewers. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO and performed in line with PRISMA guidelines.ResultsSix guidelines from the US Multi‐Society Task Force, British Society of Gastroenterology, Cancer Council Australia, European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, and Asia‐Pacific Working Group on Colorectal Cancer Screening were included. The recommended surveillance interval of 3 years was consistent, but the criteria used for advanced polyps were variable. Polyp factors were the key determinant for when surveillance should be performed. Although all guidelines recognized their importance, the application of and evidence underlying patient characteristics and the quality of baseline colonoscopy were limited. All included guidelines were rated of average to high quality by the AGREE II instrument.ConclusionSurveillance guidelines for advanced colorectal polyps are of good quality but limited by their underlying evidence. Standardization of definitions would be valuable for both research and clinical application. Better knowledge of colonoscopist quality indicators and patient factors is recommended to further economize surveillance recommendations, minimize patient risk, and achieve optimal outcomes without increasing pressure on services.
Preference robust distortion risk measure and its application
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Huifu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDistortion risk measure (DRM) plays a crucial role in management science and finance particularly actuarial science. Various DRMs have been introduced but little is discussed on which DRM at hand should be chosen to address a decision maker's (DM's) risk preference. This paper aims to fill out the gap. Specifically, we consider a situation where the true distortion function is unknown either because it is difficult to identify/elicit and/or because the DM's risk preference is ambiguous. We introduce a preference robust distortion risk measure (PRDRM), which is based on the worst‐case distortion function from an ambiguity set of distortion functions to mitigate the impact arising from the ambiguity. The ambiguity set is constructed under well‐known general principles such as concavity and inverse S‐shapedness of distortion functions (overweighting on events from impossible to possible or possible to certainty and underweighting on those from possible to more possible) as well as new user‐specific information such as sensitivity to tail losses, confidence intervals to some lotteries, and preferences to certain lotteries over others. To calculate the proposed PRDRM, we use the convex and/or concave envelope of a set of points to characterize the curvature of the distortion function and derive a tractable reformulation of the PRDRM when the underlying random loss is discretely distributed. Moreover, we show that the worst‐case distortion function is a nondecreasing piecewise linear function and can be determined by solving a linear programming problem. Finally, we apply the proposed PRDRM to a risk capital allocation problem and carry out some numerical tests to examine the efficiency of the PRDRM model.
Anthropology Majors Prepare for Life after College
Authors: Ginsberg Daniel , Jackson Palmyra 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnlike business, health, or engineering courses, undergraduate liberal arts programs do not point majors directly to a professional application, so students often need to creatively explore and identify professional roles and workplaces in which to use their education. Anthropology presents particular challenges: while students may enroll in economics if their institution has no undergraduate business program, or biochemistry may function as premed, there is no clear sense of what comes after an anthropology degree. In 2018, the American Anthropological Association announced a new approach to understanding this issue through its Undergraduate Research Fellowship. Currently enrolled anthropology majors worked together with faculty mentors, collaboratively across universities, to do anthropological research on the question, “how do anthropology majors approach the question of what comes after college?” The research provided practical insights and recommendations to departments, faculty members, career counseling centers, and the students themselves. This special section comprises six papers: an introduction to the project and the field sites; four analytic papers in which student researchers and faculty mentors explore the topics, “how students come to major in anthropology,” “how students are changed by studying anthropology,” “what anthropology majors think about their professional future,” and “what resources are available to support students’ college‐to‐career transition”; and a reflective essay that considers the fellowship not as a research program but as a high‐impact pedagogical intervention. We show that, by participating in ethnographic research, student researchers become full members of the anthropology community who can give valuable recommendations for the future of the discipline.
Independent and interactive effect of sedentary time and physical activity on risk of all‐cause mortality: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhao Yang , Zhang Xing , Yang Longkun , Li Tianze , Zhang Jinli , Yuan Lijun , Hu Huifang , Wu Yuying , Hu Fulan , Sun Liang , Hu Dongsheng , Liu Yu , Sun Xizhou , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesSedentary behavior (SB) and physical inactivity have been associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality. Evidence in China is scarce, and it is unclear whether physical activity (PA) attenuates or even eliminates the harmful effects of prolonged SB in the Chinese population.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 17 084 Chinese adults. PA and sitting time (ST) were assessed using the IPAQ. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of PA and ST with all‐cause mortality. Interaction plots were used to visualize the interaction effects.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 6.01 years, a total of 1106 deaths occurred. PA level was inversely associated with the incidence of all‐cause mortality, while ST showed a detrimental association (all ptrend < 0.05). In the stratified analysis, ST was associated with all‐cause mortality in the low PA, while the association was attenuated in the moderate PA group: the HRs (95% CI) comparing ST of 4–8, 8–11, and ≥11 to <4 h/day were 1.15 (0.73–1.81), 1.55 (0.92–2.59), and 2.70 (1.52–4.80), respectively. In the high PA group, no significant association was found across all ST levels. In the joint analysis, compared with the high PA and ST <4 h/day, the harmful effect was found only in the combined low PA and moderate PA groups with ST ≥11 h/day (HR:2.71, 95% CI:1.69–4.35). In addition, a significant interaction association was found.ConclusionOur study, based on a prospective cohort, suggests that the detrimental effect of ST on all‐cause mortality is attenuated or eliminated by high PA levels in the Chinese population.
Real‐world experience of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab pre‐exposure prophylaxis in orthotopic heart transplant recipients
Authors: Ordaya Eloy E. , Higgins Eibhlin M. , Vergidis Paschalis , Razonable Raymund R. , Beam Elena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPre‐exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab‐cilgavimab (tix‐cil) may be associated with cardiovascular adverse events. Also, in vitro studies have reported a reduced activity of tix‐cil against emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron subvariants. Our study aimed to report the real‐world outcomes of tix‐cil prophylaxis in orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) recipientsMethodsWe retrospectively studied all OHT recipients who received one dose of tix‐cil (150–150 mg or 300–300 mg) at Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Florida, and Minnesota, between February 5, 2022 and September 8, 2022. We collected data on cardiovascular adverse events and breakthrough COVID‐19 following tix‐cil administration.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐three OHT recipients were included. The majority were male (65.6%), and the median age was 61 years (IQR 48, 69). During the median follow‐up of 164 days (IQR 123, 190), one patient presented an episode of asymptomatic hypertensive urgency that was managed with outpatient antihypertensive treatment optimization. Twenty‐four patients (14.7%) experienced breakthrough COVID‐19 at the median of 63.5 days (IQR 28.3, 101.3) after tix‐cil administration. The majority (70.8%) completed the primary vaccine series and received at least one booster dose (70.8%). Only one patient with breakthrough COVID‐19 required hospitalization. All patients survived.ConclusionsIn this cohort of OHT recipients, no patients developed severe cardiovascular events related to tix‐cil. The high incidence of breakthrough COVID‐19 could be due to the reduced activity of tix‐cil against current circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variants. These results emphasize the need for a multimodal prevention strategy against SARS‐CoV‐2 in these high‐risk patients.
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Bayesian Calibration of Computational Knee Models to Estimate Subject-Specific Ligament Properties, Tibiofemoral Kinematics, and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Force With Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Razu Swithin S. , Jahandar Hamidreza , Zhu Andrew , Berube Erin E. , Manzi Joseph E. , Pearle Andrew D. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Santner Thomas J. , Imhauser Carl W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHigh-grade knee laxity is associated with early anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure, poor function, and compromised clinical outcome. Yet, the specific ligaments and ligament properties driving knee laxity remain poorly understood. We described a Bayesian calibration methodology for predicting unknown ligament properties in a computational knee model. Then, we applied the method to estimate unknown ligament properties with uncertainty bounds using tibiofemoral kinematics and ACL force measurements from two cadaver knees that spanned a range of laxities; these knees were tested using a robotic manipulator. The unknown ligament properties were from the Bayesian set of plausible ligament properties, as specified by their posterior distribution. Finally, we developed a calibrated predictor of tibiofemoral kinematics and ACL force with their own uncertainty bounds. The calibrated predictor was developed by first collecting the posterior draws of the kinematics and ACL force that are induced by the posterior draws of the ligament properties and model parameters. Bayesian calibration identified unique ligament slack lengths for the two knee models and produced ACL force and kinematic predictions that were closer to the corresponding in vitro measurement than those from a standard optimization technique. This Bayesian framework quantifies uncertainty in both ligament properties and model outputs; an important step towards developing subject-specific computational models to improve treatment for ACL injury.