bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading assessment in ADHD and dyslexia in Brazilian teenagers
Authors: Seabra A. G. , Brito G. R. , Carreiro L. R. R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Dyslexia are among the most frequent developmental disorders in school-aged students, and both often cause an impact on scholar reading performance. Therefore, it is fundamental to trace the differential profile in reading performance in such diagnoses. Competent reading occurs through the interaction of several cognitive processes, such as decoding, fluency, and oral and reading comprehension, that should be assessed in an evaluation.ObjectivesThe study aimed to characterize the performance of students with ADHD and dyslexia.MethodsWe assessed 25 adolescents, aged between 11 and 14 years old, from 6th to 9th year of middle school of public and private schools in Brazil, divided into two groups: the group with ADHD (16 students) and the group with dyslexia (9 students). The diagnoses were established by a multidisciplinary center and there were no comorbidities for any case. The instruments used were: Comprehension Test of Words and Pseudowords II (TCLPP II) to assess decoding (indicate if the word is correct or incorrect); Reading Fluency Test (TFL) to assess fluency in single words and in text reading; Cloze Reading Comprehension Test (TCCL) to measure reading comprehension; and the WISC vocabulary subtest to assess auditory comprehension.ResultsNon-parametric analyzes revealed statistically significant differences in measures of textual comprehension, especially in the tasks that involved decoding and fluency processes, evidencing superior performance of the group with ADHD in these tests. Participants with dyslexia had a significantly higher performance in relation to the number of word omissions, that is, they had lower omission errors. There was no significant difference between groups in auditory comprehension.ConclusionsA differential profile was found in reading performance, consistent with the cognitive deficits classically pointed out in the literature for each diagnosis: phonological deficits in dyslexia, with problems in decoding and fluency; and attentional deficits in ADHD, with omission errors. In the comprehension measures, dyslexic group had significant lower performance than ADHD in the Cloze Reading Comprehension Test, but there was no difference in the Vocabulary subtest-WISC. An explanatory hypothesis is that, to understand the text, it is necessary to recognize the words previously, whereas, in the WISC, it is not necessary to read, since the questions are oral. These results corroborate the hypothesis that deficits in reading comprehension in dyslexia are more related to difficulties in word recognition and fluency skills than in general listening comprehension.Financial support: CAPES Proex [grant 0426/2021, no. 23038.006837/2021-73]; CNPq [grant 310845/2021-1]Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Adolescents’ quality of life in the light of mentalization and emotion regulation
Authors: Tamás B. , Szabó B. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
According to research there is a negative association between emotion regulation, mentalization difficulties and quality of life among adolescents, but former research did not examine the relationship between these 3 constructs in a Hungarian adolescent sample.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to examine the relationship between mentalization and emotion regulation with quality of life among 14- to 18-year-old adolescents.MethodsIn our non-clinical, cross-sectional study 122 adolescents with informed consent answered a list of demographic questions, then completed the Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ-H), the Emotion Regulation Difficulties Questionnaire (DERS) and the Quality of Life Scale (ILK). In our mediator model we chose RFQ-H as the independent, DERS as the mediator and ILK as the dependent variable.ResultsThe first model was significant (F(1,120) = 28,79 p < 0,001, R2= 0,19), there was a significant relationship between mentalization disfunction and emotional regulation difficulties (a=0,39, p<0,01, β=0,44). The second model was significant as well (F(2,119= 30,48 p < 0,001, R2= 0,34), though the direct effect between mentalization difficulties and low quality of life was not significant (c’=0,02, p=0,73, β=0,03), the direct effect between emotion regulation difficulties and low quality of life was significant (b=0,58, p<0,01, β=0,57). The indirect effect between mentalization disfunction and low quality of life mediated by emotional regulation difficulties was also significant ab = 0,22 [0,13 – 0,33], β =0,25 [0,14 – 0,36]).Conclusions
Our results - taking the limitations into account - imply that emotional regulation mediates the relationship between mentalization and quality of life among the present-day, non-clinical, Hungarian adolescent sample, which could have practical implications.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Fear in children: what is the importance of gender
Authors: Pires-Lima C. , Figueiredo M. H. , Guedes V. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWhen we were children we all remember hearing expressions like: “Do not be afraid.”, “What are you afraid of?”, “You are strong, you are not afraid!”. This primary emotion is introduced in our development associated, most of the time, with a negative connotation. However, we know that fear, as a normal response to a real or imagined threat, is an integral part of human development (Sequeira, 2011).The existence of research on fears is relevant for the definition of developmental patterns, characteristics such as frequency and intensity, but also for the identification of risk factors that may be at the genesis of the development of anxiety disorders (Ollendick, King & Murris, 2002).ObjectivesIn Portugal, studies on fears are scarce, contrary to what happens in other countries (Sequeira, 2011).MethodsThe study sample consists of 121 students from the 1st cycle of basic education, 65 (53.7%) attending the 3rd year of schooling and 56 (46.3%) attending the 4th year of schooling, 66 ( 54.5%) were female and 55 (45.5%) were male, aged between 7 and 10 years old (M=8.5; SD=0.61).For each child, an adult, parents or parental figures also participated in the study, most of which were the mother (89.3%) and the remaining participants were the father (7.4%), father and mother (1.7%), grandmother (0.8% ) and brother (0.8%).ResultsFears are more frequent in females than males.ConclusionsIn general, anxiety disorders tend to be more prevalent in girls than in boys (Ollendick, King & Murris, 2002).Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Circulating immune cell composition and activation status associate with brain white matter microstructure in bipolar depression
Authors: Benedetti F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) has been consistently associated with alterations in the immune system. Evidence suggests a condition of systemic low-grade inflammation due to decreased adaptive, increased innate immunity, with higher levels of circulating cytokines, higher macrophage/monocyte inflammatory activation patterns, and higher neutrophils to lymphocyte counts; and with a dynamic pattern of premature immunosenescence and partial T cell defect starting early in adolescence, involving a reduction of naïve T cells and an expansion of memory and senescent T cells. Quantitative analysis of circulating inflammatory markers suggested persistent low-grade inflammation.A growing literature suggests that the immune system plays a core role in maintaining brain homeostasis, with both adaptive and innate immune support, ensured by cell trafficking across the blood brain barrier, being essential for brain maintenance and repair in healthy conditions, and disrupted in brain disorders including BD. Measured in peripheral blood, these markers of altered immuno-inflammatory setpoints parallel activation of microglia and disruption of white matter (WM) integrity in the brain.Studies in the field are in its infancy, but findings by our group showed that: circulating Th17 cells correlated with higher FA, while regulatory FOXP3+ cells correlated with higher RD and MD, and with lower fMRI neural responses in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; higher circulating cytokine-producing NK cells were fostered by ongoing lithium treatment and directly correlated with better FA, and inversely with RD and MD, also partially mediating the known benefits from lithium on WM; and activation status and expression of killer proteins by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells negatively associated with WM microstructure, thus suggesting that CD8+ T cells can leave the blood stream to migrate into the brain and induce an immune-related WM damage in BD.Implications of these findings for neuroprogression, clinical outcomes, and new treatment strategies of the disorder will be discussed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Maternal stress and postnatal hospitalization of the baby
Authors: Chiha K. , Khemakhem K. , Regaieg C. , Ben Touhemi D. , Ayadi H. , Hmida N. , Gargouri A. , Moalla Y. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPostnatal hospitalisation is an extremely traumatic event for both mother and baby. Such a situation reflects a psychological dysfunction with a risk of developing a post-traumatic stress disorder.ObjectivesTo study the level of stress in mothers of babies hospitalised during the postnatal period in the neonatal unit and to identify the risk factors associated with the persistence of high levels of stress 3 months after discharge.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study conducted between April and September 2021. The sample consisted of mothers of babies hospitalized in the neonatology department of Sfax-Tunisia for a period ranging from 5 to 15 days. Socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-designed form. The level of stress was assessed using the 22-item “Impact of Event Scale-Revised” (IES-R), validated in Arabic.ResultsThe sample consisted of 86 mothers with a mean age of 32.17 years.Severe stress symptoms were found in 77.90% of the mothers during their babies’ hospitalisation. They persisted in 8.90% of the young mothers 3 months after discharge from hospital.Certain factors were significantly associated with the persistence of a high level of stress in mothers 3 months after the discharge of their babies, such as the occurrence of postpartum complications (p=0.012), the absence of visits to the baby’s intensive care unit (p=0.047) and a living environment with a single parent (p=0.034).ConclusionsThe present study shows that the level of stress is quite high among mothers of babies hospitalised in neonatology during the postnatal period and that this symptomatology can last for months after discharge.Prevention and reduction of stress induced by postnatal hospitalisation through parental guidance and psychological support for mothers strengthens interactions and the mother-baby bond.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Postnatal hospitalization and self-esteem in mothers
Authors: Chiha K. , Khemakhem K. , Regaieg C. , Ben Touhemi D. , Ayadi H. , Hmida N. , Gargouri A. , Moalla Y. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionHospitalization in neonatology constitutes a narcissistic wound for the mother. This mother-baby separation disturbs the maternal identity and generates a strong feeling of failure and guilt.ObjectivesTo assess self-esteem in mothers of babies hospitalised during the postnatal period in the neonatal unit and to identify risk factors associated with the persistence of low self-esteem 3 months after discharge.MethodsThis was a longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study conducted between April and September 2021. The sample consisted of mothers of babies hospitalized in the neonatology department of Sfax-Tunisia for a period ranging from 5 to 15 days. Socio-demographic data were collected using a pre-established form. Self-esteem was assessed during the baby’s hospitalisation and 3 months after discharge, using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, with 10 items, validated in Arabic.ResultsThe sample consisted of 86 mothers with a mean age of 32.17 years.Low to very low self-esteem was found in mothers in 81.20% of cases when their babies were hospitalised and in 68.40% of cases 3 months after discharge.Some factors were significantly related to the persistence of low self-esteem in mothers after 3 months of their babies’ hospitalisation, such as a low educational level of the mother (p=0.017), an unattended pregnancy (p=0.034), the occurrence of a post-partum complication (p=0.043) and the absence of the first smile in the baby at the age of 3 months (p=0.008).ConclusionsThis study shows a high prevalence of low self-esteem in mothers following hospitalization of their babies in the postnatal period. The concomitance with several socio-clinical factors contributes to the persistence of this low level of self-esteem in these mothers.Appropriate early and multidisciplinary care helps to rebuild strong self-esteem in the young mother so that she can overcome her psychological difficulties and build a solid foundation for the mother-baby bond.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5,child and adolescent version: Clinical characteristics of paediatric population
Authors: Kouki N. , Bourgou S. , Rezgui H. , Naffet A. , Hamdoun M. , Belhadj A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPosttraumatic stress disorder in the paediatric population has clinical features. The Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5,child and adolescent version (CAPS-CA-5) is the gold standard in positive diagnosisObjectivesThe objectives of our work was to study the clinical characteristics of the paediatric population with the diagnosis of PTSD.Methods
This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the child psychiatry department of Mongi Slim Hospital and the forensic medicine department of Charles-Nicolle Hospital, among children older than seven years who were exposed to a potentially traumatic event at least one month before. We made clinical assessment for PTSD using CAPS-CA-5 which is currently being validated in Tunisian dialect. Then We investigated the clinical characteristics of PTSD according to age, gender, history, and event specifics.ResultsWe conducted our study with 150 patients . The diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM 5 criteria was retained in 56.2% of patients (N=80).The average age was 12.4 years with extremes ranging from 7 to 17 years. We noted a female predominance at 58.8% (n=47)Male gender was significantly associated with persistent avoidance (p=0.03). Sexual assault was significantly associated with the severity of flashback symptoms (p<10-3) and reckless and self-destructive behaviors (p<10-3) and with the frequency of dissociative symptoms (p<10-3).We also noted in our work that dissociative symptoms were significantly more frequent in victims with no personal psychiatric history with a p value of 0.021.
In our population, we found a predominance of hypervigilance and a greater severity of exaggerated startle reactions in the absence of a family psychiatric history with a p value of 0.048 and 0.008 respectively.We noted a significant predominance of exaggerated startle reactions in relation to the absence of exposure to previous traumatic events with a p equal to 0.043ConclusionsThe specificities identified in relation to the child should be taken into consideration during further evaluations and further analysis in the general population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
A machine learning approach on whole blood immunomarkers to identify an inflammation associated psychosis onset subgroups
Authors: Delvecchio G. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPsychosis onset is a transdiagnostic event that leads to a range of psychiatric disorders, which are currently diagnosed through clinical observation. Since several years, the role of immune system in the pathophysiology of psychosis has been well-recognized, showing differences from the onset to chronic phases. In this lecture, I will show the results of our recent study that tested the hypothesis of the existence of subgroups of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients identified by distinct peripheral immunomarkers’ profiles, possibly underpinning a subgroup-specific immunopathogenesis. More in detail, I will show the results obtained by the unsupervised machine learning model that we applied to the set of 12 peripheral blood immune gene transcripts, which we recently demonstrated to classify with high accuracy a cohort of FEP patients and HC. Also, I will report the results obtained by performing post-hoc univariate analyses using selective clinical, cognitive, and brain structural phenotypes of FEP patients and HC belonging to each subgroup identified by the computational model. I will extensively discuss two key clusters identified and validated by our model: 1) a FEP cluster characterized by the high expression of inflammatory and immune-activating genes; 2) a cluster consisting of an equal number of FEP and HC subjects, which did not show a relative over or under expression of any immune marker (balanced subgroup). Therefore, in this lecture I will emphasize that our study has been the first to demonstrate the existence of a psychosis onset subgroup identified by a peculiar multivariate pattern of immunomarkers, independently of clinical features or categorical diagnosis. This is paramount as if validated in independent samples, our clustering model could enable the sample selection in clinical trials aiming to test the efficacy of novel immunomodulant or anti-inflammatory therapies tailored to the specific inflammatory subgroup of psychotic patients.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Prevalence and factors associated with non-suicidal self-Injury and suicidality in children and adolescent attending Emergency department in Oman
Authors: Alamri R. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionNon-suicidal self-Injury (NSSI) and suicidality are common reasons for emergency presentations in child and adolescent psychiatry (1). NSSI is defined as intentional destruction of one’s body tissue without suicidal intent and has a prevalence rate in adolescents of approximately 30–40% in clinical samples (2). Suicide prevalence is around 24–33% (3).There are many factors leading to suicidal or self-harming behavior. A prior history of self-injurious behavior is one of the strongest predictors of future suicidal behavior, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally (6) . Additionally, longitudinal studies have found that a previous suicide attempt increases the risk of a future suicide attempt threefold.Suicide and NSSI have a significant impact on families and communities. Hence, considerable required clinical attention is warranted to develop preventive strategies.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of non-suicidal self-Injury (NSSI) and suicidality among children and adolescents presenting in emergency department of the tertiary psychiatric services and to study their demographic and clinical characteristics.MethodsThis is a retrospective cross-sectional analytical study included all children and adolescent patients attended the emergency department at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between June 2021 to March 2016. The data was collected using the hospital´s electronic database to retrieve the medical records of children and adolescents who visited the emergency department. Patients who were 18 years of the age or younger were included in the study. The included patients must had been evaluated by psychiatrist during their presentations in the emergency department.ResultsDuring the 63 months of observation, 114 patients attended the emergency department and required psychiatric evaluation, 44.7%(n=51) of patients presented with NSSI and/or SA. The mean age was 15.7. 80.4%(n=41) were females while 19.6%(n=10) were males. 37.3% had a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) and 21.5% had comorbid medical illness. 44% of suicidal attempts were with drug overdose, mostly paracetamol overdose, while the most used method for NSSI was cutting the body with a razor, 57%.19 patients had a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, 17 patients had no clear diagnosis at presentation.22% of the patients had other medical comorbidities, 5 patients with epilepsy. 51% of the patients had positive family history of mental illness.ConclusionsConsidering that NSSI and suicidality were found to be the main reasons for presenting to a child and adolescent emergency psychiatric service, it seems crucial for physicians at PEDs to provide proper crisis intervention and referral to mental health services when appropriate. Early identification of risk factors is highly recommended.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Chronic disease (CD) during transition from child to adult.Psychopathological consequences and coping strategies
Authors: Rubio Corgo S. , Arrieta Pey M. , Matas Ochoa A. M. , Duran Cristobal M. I. , Perez Vicente E. , Delgado Campos A. , Diaz Gordillo C. , Castro Ibañez A. C. , Alvarez Astorga A. , Alcindor Huelva P. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionCD is characterized by at least three features: its duration is prolonged, it does not resolve spontaneously and it is rarely completely cured. Approximately 10-15% of young people have CD. Adolescents with CD often have emotional and behavioral problems.ObjectivesTo assess risk factors, derived psychiatric pathologies and coping strategies for a CD diagnosis in adolescence.MethodsAn extensive literature review was carried out on the subject in question, extracting information mainly from scientific articles, manuals and books.ResultsThe main risk factors are those related with the CD in question, physical sequelae, the need for long-term hospital admissions or the use of drugs whose side effects include affective or behavioral symptoms; those related to the personality traits of the affected child or adolescent. In addition, as far as the family is concerned, the presence of a low level of education, lack of support or communication, as well as the presence of psychiatric disorders or serious medical conditions in parents. Among the most frequent psychiatric disorders associated with CD are affective and anxiety disorders, adaptive disorders, somatoform disorders, eating disorders and behavioral disorders. Whatever the CD is, it generates high levels of stress and uncertainty in the patient and family, which must be dealt together from a flexible perspective, allowing child or adolescent to adapt to the changes, reorganize and facing them with adaptive patterns of behavior. For this, it will be essential to have adequate social and family support with relational style based on communication, trust and acceptance.ConclusionsIn general, both adolescents with CD and their families have an adequate capacity to adapt to the repercussions and effects derived from the disease. Nevertheless, in case of possible emotional difficulties that may appear, a comprehensive and individualized approach to these adolescents and their families is necessary to provide them resources and coping strategies in different areas and contexts in which the disease debuts.The comprehensive therapeutic approach will consist of interventions at the individual and family level. Among the main objectives of these interventions are to achieve acceptance and adaptation to CD provinding adequate psychosocial support to enable them to cope with CD in the best possible way and to detect and address the emotional implications, even coexisting psychopathology.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared