bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tidal Deformation and Dissipation Processes in Icy Worlds
Authors: Tobie G. , Auclair-Desrotour P. , Běhounková M. , Kervazo M. , Souček O. , Kalousová K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Tidal interactions play a key role in the dynamics and evolution of icy worlds. The intense tectonic activity of Europa and the eruption activity on Enceladus are clear examples of the manifestation of tidal deformation and associated dissipation. While tidal heating has long been recognized as a major driver in the activity of these icy worlds, the mechanism controlling how tidal forces deform the different internal layers and produce heat by tidal friction still remains poorly constrained. As tidal forcing varies with orbital characteristics (distance to the central planet, eccentricity, obliquity), the contribution of tidal heating to the internal heat budget can strongly change over geological timescales. In some circumstances, the tidally-produced heat can result in internal melting and surface activity taking various forms. Even in the absence of significant heat production, tidal deformation can be used to probe the interior structure, the tidal response of icy moons being strongly sensitive to their hydrosphere structure. In the present paper, we review the methods to compute tidal deformation and dissipation in the different layers composing icy worlds. After summarizing the main principle of tidal deformation and the different rheological models used to model visco-elastic tidal response, we describe the dissipation processes expected in rock-dominated cores, subsurface oceans and icy shells and highlight the potential effects of tidal heating in terms of thermal evolution and activity. We finally anticipate how data collected by future missions to Jupiter’s and Saturn’s moons could be used to constrain their tidal response and the consequences for past and present activities.
Varieties of normativity and mental health: an enactive approach
Authors: García Enara , Barandiaran Xabier E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In recent years, (autonomy-centered) enactivism has been used to provide an integrative and relational account of mental conditions. A significant advancement lies in its naturalized and pluralistic treatment of normativity, which transcends traditional objectivist and normativist dichotomies. This article explores the varieties of normativity within this paradigm and their implications for understanding mental conditions. We address purported challenges associated with the integration of social normativity into the enactive naturalistic framework of cognition, particularly concerning mental conditions. Drawing upon the distinction between the constitution problem and the status problem, we conceptualize mental conditions as intersubjectively constituted with an intersubjectively negotiated status. Adopting a participatory sense-making perspective, we address three challenges posed by social movements: (1) Hermeneutical dilemmas related to the ontological openness of mental health categories. (2) The difficulties and urgency to mitigate epistemic injustices. (3) The complex attribution of (social) responsibility in psychological wellbeing. In conclusion, this perspective prompts a reevaluation of epistemological assumptions, advocating for a second-person and engaged perspective on mental conditions.
TEN KEY PRIORITIES, INNOVATIONS AND ACTIONS TO MITIGATE THE CLIMATE CRISIS
Authors: Ludden John N. , Howitt Caroline 
Published: January 2025

AbstractWe discuss ten key priorities, innovations and actions to mitigate the climate crisis. These priorities were identified by the Hutton Series on Climate Change, which took place across 2020–2021 at Adam Smith’s Panmure House. The Hutton Series brought together a diverse cross section of experts, business leaders, scientists and concerned citizens in open discourse around energy, climate change and resource use and availability. The priorities highlight the increasing need for reasoned debate and action between industry, NGOs, government and the public.
Correlation Between Speed of the Leader and Peak Current of the Return Stroke in Negative Lightning Flashes
Authors: Cruz Ivan T. , Saba Marcelo M. F. , Silva José Claudio O. , Abbasi Rasha U. , Hunt Hugh G. P. , Schumann Carina , da Silva Diego R. R. , da Silva Tagianne P. , Lauria Paola B. , Kieu Ny T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study analyzes the two‐dimensional speed profiles of 107 stepped leaders and 93 dart leaders recorded by high‐speed cameras in Utah (USA), together with data from lightning location system. The results shows that the final and average speed of the stepped leader has a very strong (R = 0.82) and strong (R = 0.71) correlation with the peak current of the return stroke. It also shows that 91% of the stepped leaders increased their speed near the ground (average increase of 69%). The same analysis for dart leaders shows weak correlation with the peak current of the prospective return stroke (R = 0.39 to average speed and R = 0.28 to final speed). This paper briefly discusses why peak current is better correlated with final speed than with the average speed, and why stepped leaders exhibit a significant correlation, while dart leaders do not.
Rough Topography and Fast Baroclinic Rossby Waves
Authors: Davis T. J. , Radko T. , Brown J. M. , Dewar W. K. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOceanographic observations have revealed that basin‐scale Rossby waves can travel at speeds systematically exceeding values predicted by linear theory based on the flat‐bottom approximation. Using the recently developed parametric “sandpaper” theory of seafloor roughness, we construct a set of analytical solutions for the vertical structure and dispersion relationship of Rossby waves. We then use simulations to confirm these results and show that baroclinic Rossby waves can be accelerated by irregular small‐scale rough topography by up to a factor of 1.6 relative to their flat‐bottom counterparts. This acceleration is most extreme at high latitudes and wavelengths of approximately 600 km. Our investigation demonstrates the importance of relatively small‐scale processes for the large‐scale flow dynamics in general and baroclinic Rossby waves in particular.
Coseismic Slip and Early Afterslip of the 2024 Hyuganada Earthquake Modulated by a Subducted Seamount
Authors: Itoh Yuji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSubducted rough topography complicates seismic and aseismic slip behavior. The 2024 M 7.1 Hyuganada earthquake occurred along the megathrust with ridge subduction. We inferred coseismic slip and afterslip using geodetic displacements to observationally illustrate the role of subducted seamounts in modulating seismic and aseismic slip processes. The inferred mainshock slip was confined in the down‐dip of the seamount, suggesting that the seamount impeded the mainshock rupture initiated under enhanced compression. The inferred afterslip peaked at the up‐dip of the mainshock peak with four aftershock clusters. Various onset timings of these clusters suggest the afterslip front migration slowed down when passing through the seamount. Little afterslip is inferred in a segment south of the mainshock, where the megathrust is somehow insusceptible to stress perturbation and seems to creep steadily across the mainshock occurrence. Our results geodetically highlight the mechanical heterogeneity of megathrust with ridge subduction at an order of 10 km.
Hydrogen Dissolution Mechanisms in Bridgmanite by First‐Principles Calculations and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Yanyao , Tsuchiya Jun , Li ChingChien , Ye Zefang , Yan Wei , Okuchi Takuo , Karato Shun‐ichiro , Kung Jennifer , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractUnderstanding hydrogen dissolution mechanisms in bridgmanite (Bgm), the most abundant mineral in the lower mantle, is essential for understanding water storage and rheological and transport properties in the region. However, interpretations of O‐H bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of Bgm crystals remain uncertain. We conducted density functional theory (DFT) calculations on vibrational characteristics of O‐H dipoles and performed polarized FTIR measurements to address this issue. DFT calculations for four substitution models—Mg vacancies, Si vacancies, Al3+ + H+ substitution for Si4+, and Al substitution with Mg vacancies—reveal distinct O‐H bands with different polarizations. Deconvolution of polarized FTIR spectra on Mg0.88Fe2+0.035Fe3+0.065Al0.14Si0.90O3 and Mg0.95Fe2+0.033Fe3+0.027Al0.04Si0.96O3 crystals shows five major O‐H bands with distinct polarizations along principal crystallographic axes. These experimental and calculated results attribute O‐H bands centered at 3,463–3,480, 2,913–2,924, and 2,452–2,470 cm−1 to Mg vacancies, Si vacancies, and Al3+ + H+ substitution for Si4+, respectively. The total absorbance coefficient of bridgmanite was calculated to be 82,702(6,217) L/mol/cm2. Mg and Si vacancies account for 43%–74% of the total water content, making them dominant hydrogen dissolution mechanisms in Bgm. The band frequencies for the Mg and Si vacancies in Bgm are drastically different from those in olivine and ringwoodite, corresponding to the significant changes in O‐H bond strengths and in the Si and Mg coordination environments from upper‐mantle to lower‐mantle minerals. These results highlight the need to incorporate hydrogen dissolution mechanisms in Bgm for understanding electrical conductivity and rheology of the lower mantle.
Control of water for high-yield and low-cost sustainable electrochemical synthesis of uniform monolayer graphene oxide
Authors: Guo Jiaqi , Pei Songfeng , Huang Kun , Zhang Qing , Zhou Xizhong , Tong Jinmeng , Liu Zhibo , Cheng Hui-Ming , Ren Wencai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the rapid development of graphene industry, low-cost sustainable synthesis of monolayer graphene oxide (GO) has become more and more important for many applications such as water desalination, thermal management, energy storage and functional composites. Compared to the conventional chemical oxidation methods, water electrolytic oxidation of graphite-intercalation-compound (GIC) shows significant advantages in environmental-friendliness, safety and efficiency, but suffers from non-uniform oxidation, typically ~50 wt.% yield with ~50% monolayers. Here, we show that water-induced deintercalation of GIC is responsible for the non-uniform oxidation of the water electrolytic oxidation method. Using in-situ experiments, the control principles of water diffusion governing electrochemical oxidation and deintercalation of GIC are revealed. Based on these principles, a liquid membrane electrolysis method was developed to precisely control the water diffusion to achieve a dynamic equilibrium between oxidation and deintercalation, enabling industrial sustainable synthesis of uniform monolayer GO with a high yield (~180 wt.%) and a very low cost (~1/7 of Hummers’ methods). Moreover, this method allows precise control on the structure of GO and the synthesis of GO by using pure water. This work provides new insights into the role of water in electrochemical reaction of graphite and paves the way for the industrial applications of GO.
Irradiation origin and stability of CO on trans-Neptunian objects
Authors: Hénault E. , Brunetto R. , Pinilla-Alonso N. , Baklouti D. , Djouadi Z. , Guilbert-Lepoutre A. , Müller T. , Cryan S. , de Souza-Feliciano A. C. , Holler B. J. , de Prá M. N. , Emery J. P. , McClure L. T. , Schambeau C. , Pendleton Y. , Harvison B. , Licandro J. , Lorenzi V. , Cruikshank D. , Peixinho N. , Bannister M. T. , Stansberry J. 
Published: January 2025

Context. The James Webb Space Telescope large program DiSCo-TNOs has recently shown that CO2 ice is ubiquitous on 54 mediumsize trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). TNO surfaces are found to define three main spectral and thus compositional groups that are likely linked to their position before planetary migration. CO ice is observed on the spectral type that is richest in CO2 and on the type that is richer in CH3OH and organics. Considerations on the thermal evolution of TNOs predicted the depletion of hypervolatiles such as CO from their surface layers, however.
Aims. We investigate a potential irradiation origin of CO as well as its stability by studying the distribution of CO in two TNO compositional types and compared it with irradiation experiments.
Methods. We studied the 4.68 µm band of CO and the 2.70 µm band of CO2 to probe the relation between the two molecules in 33 TNOs. We performed ion irradiation experiments on CO2 and CH3OH ices at 45 and 60 K with 30 keV H+ . We compared the laboratory spectra to TNO observations by focusing on the band areas and positions.
Results. We find that the two types of surfaces in which CO is detected are very distinct in terms of their relative abundances and chemical environment. CO that is observed on surfaces that are rich in CO2 are consistent with being produced by CO2 irradiation, specifically, at 45 K. On objects that are rich in CH3OH and complex organics, CO is more likely formed by irradiation of CH3OH. As the CO band areas are only partly related with temperature, the chemical environment plays a major role in the CO retention.
Conclusions. We find that the CO that is observed on TNO surfaces is compatible with being a secondary molecule that is entirely formed by late irradiation processes. Its abundance and stability is mostly controlled by the matrix from which it formed.
Newborn with Refractory Seizures due to Hemimegalencephaly and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rondagh Mathies , Vries Linda S. de , Meeren Lotte E. van der , Tromp Selma C. , Peeters-Scholte Cacha M.P.C.D. , Toirkens Menno J.P. , Steggerda Sylke J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHemimegalencephaly (HME) is a rare congenital disorder that is initiated during embryonic development with abnormal growth of one hemisphere. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder, is rarely associated with HME.We present a case of a newborn with HME with a confirmed mutation in the TSC-1 gene and describe the clinical course, findings on amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), cranial ultrasound (CUS), MRI, and the postmortem evaluation. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of all reported newborns with HME and a genetically confirmed TSC mutation.This infant experienced therapy-resistant seizures after birth despite treatment with multiple antiseizure medications. CUS and MRI revealed HME of the left hemisphere. Early functional hemispherectomy, around the age of 3 months, was considered but dismissed after multidisciplinary evaluation, medical ethical consultation, and multiple discussions with the parents. Care was redirected due to worsening clinical and neurologic conditions, increasing respiratory insufficiency, and ongoing therapy-resistant seizures. Postmortem evaluation of the brain revealed hamartomatous brain changes and irregular gyration of the enlarged hemisphere. in addition, these changes were also present in the previously considered unaffected side, raising thoughts about the potential effectiveness of functional hemispherectomy.This case report illustrates that in cases with TSC abnormalities might not be confined solely to the initially considered affected side. This can have important therapeutic implications.
Simultaneous Symmetrizing Surgery on the Contralateral Breast in Unilateral Autologous Breast Reconstruction Is Cost-Effective
Authors: Zhao K. Lynn , Kammien Alexander J. , Graetz Elena , Moore Miranda S. , Evans Brogan G. , Schneider Eric B. , Ayyala Haripriya S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background Simultaneous symmetrizing surgery (SSS) at the time of unilateral free flap reconstruction has been described as a method to facilitate single-stage breast reconstruction. However, the impact on cost and number of additional procedures is not well described.
Methods Patients with unilateral free flap reconstruction were identified in national administrative data from 2017 to 2021 and followed for one year. Patients were stratified by immediate and delayed reconstruction, then further stratified into groups with and without SSS. Thirty-day complications included transfusion, wound dehiscence, surgical site infection, hematoma/seroma, and thromboembolism. The costs of initial hospitalization and subsequent surgeries were determined. Deferred symmetrizing surgeries within one year were identified. Chi-squared and Fisher exact tests and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results A total of 1,136 patients were identified, out of which 638 were delayed reconstructions: 75 with SSS and 563 without. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics or 30-day complications. Within one year of index reconstruction, fewer patients with SSS underwent revision surgery (29% vs. 51%, [p = 0.001]) or at least one additional procedure (36% vs. 57%, p < 0.001). Patients with SSS had lower total costs ($35,897 vs. $50,521, p = 0.005). There were 498 immediate reconstructions: 63 with SSS and 435 without. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics, 30-day complications, subsequent surgeries, or total costs.
Conclusion Symmetrizing procedures at the time of unilateral reconstruction may decrease the cost and number of subsequent surgeries without increasing complications.
ECG signal generation using feature disentanglement auto-encoder
Authors: Xiao Hanbin , Xia Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The demand for electrocardiogram (ECG) datasets, particularly those containing rare classes, poses a significant challenge as deep learning becomes increasingly prevalent in ECG signal research. While generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs) are widely adopted, they encounter difficulties in effectively generating samples for classes with limited instances. Approach. To address this issue, we propose a novel Feature Disentanglement Auto-Encoder (FDAE) designed to dissect various generative factors under a contrastive learning framework within ECG data to facilitate the generation of new ECG samples. The FDAE enhances and extends the AE structure with novel methodologies, which involve: (1) partitioning the latent space into three distinct representations to capture various generative factors; (2) utilizing a contrastive loss function to improve feature disentanglement capabilities; and (3) incorporating additional classifiers to enhance representation learning, alongside a discriminator aimed at boosting the realism of synthesized signals. Furthermore, our FDAE generates new signals by swapping latent codes of existing signals and combining freely or substituting patient-independent representations with those randomly generated by a VAE. Main results. To validate our approach, we conduct heartbeat classification experiments on the publicly available MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, using FAKE-train/FAKE-test partitions and data augmentation. The results highlight the FDAE’s ability to improve ECG classifier performance and excel in synthesizing ECG signals. Furthermore, we apply the model to the Icentia11K dataset and conducted classification enhancement experiments. The results further highlight the model’s strong generalization ability in ECG synthesis. Significance. This work has the potential to improve the robustness and generalization of deep learning models for ECG analysis, particularly in medical applications where rare cardiac events are often underrepresented in available datasets.
Probabilistic theory of the L-H transition and causality
Authors: Kim Eun-jin , Thiruthummal Abhiram Anand 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The low-to-high confinement (L-H) transition is critical for understanding plasma bifurcations and self-organization in high-temperature fusion plasmas. This paper reports a probabilistic theory of the L-H transition, in particular, a probability density function of power threshold Qc
for the first time. Specifically, by utilizing a stochastic prey-predator model with energy-conserving zonal flow-turbulence interactions and extensive GPU computing, we investigate the effects of stochastic noises, external perturbations, time-dependent input power ramping, and initial conditions on the power threshold uncertainty. The information geometry theory (information rate, causal information rate) is employed to highlight how statistical properties of turbulence, zonal flows, and mean pressure gradient change over the transition, clarifying self-regulation and causal relations among them.
Visually secure multiple image encryption scheme based on the newly chaotic map and compressed sensing
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , Qin Xiao-Li , Tian Yan-Zhao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Due to the large amount of information and intuitive characteristics, the image has become an important information carrier in our daily life, so its security has been an important direction in the field of information security. This paper mainly studies the problems of multiple images information hiding and visual security, and considers the advantages of block compressed sensing to design an image visual security encryption scheme. Firstly, we design a new chaotic map and block Arnold transform, combining with block compression sensing theory to scramble and encrypt the plain images after 2D Discrete Wavelet Transform (2D DWT), and obtain the secret images to be hidden. Finally, the secret images are embedded into the carrier image after the 2D Fast Fourier Transform (2D FFT) to hide, and the visually secure cipher image is obtained. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively realize the information hiding and recovery of four images, while exhibiting strong robustness against noise interference and clipping attacks.
Equivalent circuit model of magnetoelectric antenna in radial vibration mode
Authors: Li Xiangyang , Li Na , Jiao Zeshuo , Zhang Yiqun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) antennas utilize mechanical resonance instead of electromagnetic (EM) resonance to produce EM radiation, significantly reducing the antenna's size. This approach represents a highly promising strategy for antenna miniaturization. Currently, radial motion modes are present in piezoelectric resonators and piezoelectric antennas, but radial vibration modes in ME antennas remain largely unexplored. This paper is the first to investigate radially vibrating ME antennas from a circuit perspective. First, we derive the control equations governing radial motion through material constitutive relations and Newton's equations. Next, an equivalent circuit model is established using electromechanical analogy, and the radiation performance is characterized by defining the voltage gain. Multi-physics finite element simulations reveal that the resonance frequency of the inverse ME coefficient is 19.7 MHz, while the resonance frequency of the ME voltage gain is 18.7 MHz. The close agreement between these values verifies the accuracy of the proposed equivalent circuit model. Further simulations of the converse ME (CME) coefficient demonstrate that the CME coefficient in the radial vibration mode is two orders of magnitude higher than in the thickness vibration mode. Similarly, from the perspective of ME voltage gain, the radial vibration mode outperforms the thickness vibration mode by four orders of magnitude. This study highlights the effectiveness of equivalent circuit models in advancing ME antenna research and demonstrates the superior performance of radial vibration modes. It enhances the understanding of ME antenna vibration modes and provides a robust foundation for their design and optimization.