bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Photon Quantum Ranging: When Sequential Decoding Meets High Dimensional Entanglement
Authors: Gamal Hesham El , Pannu Armanpreet , Han Liu , Helmy Amr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We consider the quantum ranging problem in the low noise level per mode and low reflectivity (high loss) regime. We focus on single photon transmission strategies and propose a novel approach that combines high dimensional time-bin entanglement at the transmitter with a carefully constructed sequential decision rule at the detector. Our analytical results establish the significant performance gains that can be leveraged from this approach in a range of operating parameters, as compared to the single photon classical approach, the two-mode squeezed vacuum ranging scheme proposed earlier, and even the block-based classical scheme. One can attribute this performance gain to 1) the ability of the high dimensional time-bin entangled signaling to offer a very fine range resolution with a single transmitted photon and 2) the ability of the sequential decision rule to minimize the average number of transmitted photon subject to a constraint on the probability of error. While our analysis is limited to the low energy/low noise regime, we conjecture that the proposed approach’s superior performance extends to a wider range of scenarios which should motivate further analytical and experimental investigations.
Effect of video clips on patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation and deep vein thrombosis in the emergency setting.
A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Pietro Santi Di , Ferrari Ilaria , Bulgari Giuseppe , Muiesan Maria Lorenza , Falaschi Francesco , De Silvestri Annalisa , Scudeller Luigia , Musella Valeria , Saglio Simone , Re Beatrice , Mattiuzzo Elena , Cherubini Fabio , Perlini Stefano 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Importance Integrating video clips in the discharge process may enhance patient’s understanding and awareness of their condition and improve recall of discharge instructions.
Objective To determine the effect of video clip-integrated discharge discussion on patient comprehension of atrial fibrillation (AF) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and their main complications (stroke and pulmonary embolism).
Design Multicentre, pragmatic, parallel groups, randomised clinical trial, 1:1 randomisation.
Setting Two Emergency Units of tertiary hospitals in Italy.
Participants 144 adult patients (or their caregivers) discharged home with either AF or DVT.
Interventions Participants in the study group were shown a clip related to their condition. The controlgroup received standard verbal instructions. All participants received standard written instructions.
Main Outcomes and Measures Main outcome: knowledge of the diagnosis and its potential complication. Secondary outcomes: knowledge of the prescribed therapy, patient satisfaction, adherence rate to newly prescribed anticoagulants, incidence of stroke or pulmonary embolism at follow up.
Results Mean score for primary outcome (range 0-18, higher score indicating greater knowledge) was 5.87 (95% CI, 5.02-6.72] in the control group and 8.28 (95% CI, 7.27-9.31) in the intervention group, a difference that was statistically significant (mean difference, -2.41; 95% CI, -3.73 to -1.09; p<0.001).
Mean score for knowledge of the prescribed therapy (range 0-6, higher score indicating greater knowledge) was 2.98 (95% CI, 2.57-3.39) in the control group and 3.20 (95% CI, 2.73-3.67) in the study group (mean difference, -0.22; 95% CI, -0.84 to 0.39).
Mean score for satisfaction (range 0-12, higher score indicating greater satisfaction) was 7.34 (95% CI, 6.45-8.23) in the control arm, whereas patients in the intervention arm had a mean score of 7.97 (95% CI, 7.15-8.78)(mean difference, -0.625; 95% CI -1.82 to 0.57).
Adherence rate to newly prescribed anticoagulants was 80% (36/45) in the control group and 90.2% (46/51) in the intervention group.
Among 109 patients reached at a median follow up of 21 (IQR 16-28) months, 5.55% (3/54) in the control arm and 1.82% (1/55) in the intervention arm had developed stroke or pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions and Relevance In this trial, two clips shown at discharge, improved participants comprehension of AF and DVT. Physicians should consider integrating these inexpensive tools during the discharge process.
Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03734406
Centrifugal rowing as a strategy to mitigate cardiovascular and muscular deconditioning in prolonged immobilization and spaceflight – a pilot trial
Authors: Frett Timo , Lecheler Leopold , Arz Michael , Pustowalow Willi , Petrat Guido , Mommsen Florian , Breuer Jan , Schmitz Marie-Therese , Green David C. , Jordan Jens 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Prolonged immobilization and spaceflight lead to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal deconditioning. Combining artificial gravity through short-arm centrifugation with rowing exercise could serve as countermeasure. Our objective was to compare the tolerability, muscle force production, cardiovascular response, and potential power output of rowing on a short-arm centrifuge and under terrestrial gravity.
Methods
We included 12 rowing athletes (4 women, aged 27.2 ± 7.4 years, height 179 ± 0.1 cm, weight 73.7 ± 9.4 kg). They completed two rowing sessions in a cross-over fashion separated by at least six weeks. One session was conducted on a short-arm centrifuge at + 0.5Gz and the other session in terrestrial gravity with the rowing ergometer inclined by 26.6°. Participants started self-paced rowing at 30 W, increasing by 15 W every three minutes until exhaustion. We recorded rowing performance, heart rate, brachial blood pressure, ground reaction forces, leg muscle activation, and blood lactate concentration.
Results
Rowing on the centrifuge was well-tolerated, with no adverse events. We did not observe significant differences in heart rate, blood pressure, or blood lactate concentration between rowing conditions. Although inclined rowing under natural gravity allowed participants to achieve a higher power output (p < 0.001) compared to rowing in artificial gravity. However, rowing in artificial gravity produced higher mean and peak ground reaction forces (p < 0.0001) and increased leg muscle activation in rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis. Muscle activation and ground reaction forces differed with rotational direction.
Conclusion
Rowing in artificial gravity is feasible and holds promise as a strategy against cardiovascular and muscular deconditioning during long-term spaceflight.
Highly Nonlinear Dynamics of In Vivo Deep-Tissue Interaction with
Femtosecond Laser Pulses at 1030 nm
Authors: Fattahi Hanieh , Jun Soyeon , Herbst Andreas , Scheffter Kilian , John Nora , Kolb Julia , Wehner Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

We report on the highly nonlinear behavior observed in the central nervous system tissue of zebrafish (Danio rerio) when exposed to femtosecond pulses at 1030 nm. At this irradiation wavelength, photo damage becomes detectable only after exceeding a specific peak intensity threshold, which is independent of the photon flux and irradiation time, distinguishing it from irradiation at shorter wavelengths. Furthermore, we investigate and quantify the role of excessive heat in reducing the damage threshold, particularly during high-repetition-rate operations, which are desirable for label-free and multi-dimensional microscopy techniques. To verify our findings, we examined cellular responses to tissue damage, including apoptosis and the recruitment of macrophages and fibroblasts at different time points post-irradiation. These findings substantially contribute to advancing the emerging nonlinear optical microscopy techniques and provide a strategy for inducing deep-tissue, precise and localized injuries using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses.
Epigallocatechin Gallate as a Pulp Medication for Vital Pulpotomy: Histopathological Study in Experimental Animals
Authors: Omer Shaimaa Mohamed Mahfouz , El-Sherbiny Randa Hamed Moustafa , Latif Reham Mohamed Ali Abdel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background Pulpotomy is a conservative method to preserve decayed primary teeth until permanent teeth erupt.
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a natural chief polyphenol originated in green tea, with reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antimicrobial properties.
The current study aimed to investigate and compare dog’s dental pulp responses to epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and 1\5 concentration of Buckley’s formula of formocresol (FC) as a vital pulpotomy medications histopathologically in experimental animals.
Methods In the current experimental split-mouth study, twenty-four teeth were randomly chosen from two healthy Mongrel dogs. EGCG and FC were used as vital pulpotomy medications. After four and nine weeks, the pulpotomised teeth were evaluated, and the pulp tissues were examined for histological changes, inflammation, and fibrosis. A paired t-test was used to compare the means of the same group over time; additionally, an independent samples t-test was used to compare the means of two treated groups.
Results The EGCG groups showed a significant decrease in pulp inflammation, vasodilation, necrosis, and fibrosis when compared to the FC groups at both time points (four and nine weeks). Destruction of the odontoblastic layer was noticed in the FC group at nine weeks of treatment, compared to the EGCG group.
Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the histological assessment of the experimental animal model showed that EGCG was superior to FC in pulpotomised dogs’ teeth.
Retrospective Comparison Between Laparoscopic and Open Malignant Gastrectomy Performance and Outcome
Authors: Saad Hassan A. , El-Taher Ahmed K , Riad Mohamed , Eraky Mohamed E , Baz Azza , Farid Mohamed I , Sharaf Khaled 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Laparoscopy is rarely used to treat stomach malignancies. We compared the outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy with those of open surgery and evaluated the results.
However, its complete acceptance as a legitimate therapy is hampered by the lack of thorough investigation into long-term oncological consequences, including recurrence and fatality. As a result, there are sometimes arguments over which of these remedies is the best.
Therefore, there is still debate regarding the best outcome.
Methods
We will evaluate patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy from February 2015 to November 2022. After collecting the database from the board sheet of our Zagzig University Hospital specialist surgical hospital, patients were divided into two groups: open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Logistic regression was used to compare 30-day complications and fatalities in both groups.
Results
For consistent results, the mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA software. A total of 8,232 gastric cancer patients were divided into two groups based on the type of surgery they received: open gastrectomy (n= 7,450; 90.5%) and laparoscopic surgery (n = 782; 9.5%). Preoperative measurement of risk variables is important (CI = 0.45-0.82, p = 0.001, odds ratio [OR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval). We found no significant differences in mortality between groups when the preoperative risk variable was measured (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.32-1.72; p = 0.481).
Status and influencing factors of breastfeeding motivation for primiparas
Authors: Sun Yue , Zhu Lili , Gao Yutong , Mu Shuting 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective To understand status quo of breastfeeding motivation and its influencing factors in primiparas, and provide evidence for breastfeeding intervention to extend breastfeeding time.
Methods A convenience sampling method was used to select 336 primiparas who visited two outpatient clinics of 2 tertiary A hospitals in Henan Province from November 2022 to July 2023. The survey was carried out with general information questionnaire，the Chinese version of the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale, the Partner Breastfeeding Influence Scale, the Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale Short Form and the Breastfeeding Motivation Scale were investigated.
Results The scores of each dimension of primipara's breastfeeding motivation were enjoyment (21.77±3.47), connection and maternal self-perception (24.79±2.93), significant others' pressure (10.11±1.61), and practical needs (11.52±1.62). Whether the baby is full-term, whether they received breastfeeding guidance during pregnancy, the time of colostrum appearance, the expected time of breastfeeding, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, the breastfeeding support of the spouse, and breastfeeding self-efficacy were the main influencing factors of primipara's breastfeeding motivation (all P<0.05).
Conclusion All dimensions of primipara's breastfeeding motivation are at the upper-middle level. Medical staff should actively evaluate the level of primipara's breastfeeding motivation, identify the factors influencing controlled motivation of breastfeeding, and take corresponding intervention measures to promote the transformation of controlled motivation to autonomous motivation, improve the positive psychology of primipara, and then prolong breastfeeding time.
Comprehensive Analysis of TRIM Family-based Signature in LUAD Progression and Immunotherapy
Authors: Han Dong , Liu Qinghua , Shan Jiqi , Zhao Chenhui , Ping Yu , Zhang Yi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Within the ubiquitination process, E3 ligases function profoundly since they decide the final step of target specificity. As the largest subfamily of E3 ligases, tripartite motif (TRIM) family genes play pivotal roles in tumor progression and immune response, however, lacking systematic exploration of the expression patterns and clinical correlations in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We aim to comprehensively analyze the TRIM expression profile in LUAD and establish a TRIM family–based prognostic risk model.
Methods: We enrolled 1299 cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets for risk model training and validation. Another 38 LUAD tissues were collected for validation. Bioinformatic methods and immunofluorescent staining were utilized to illustrated the related Biological characteristics, mutation tendency, immune profile and predicted immunotherapy response.
Results: After Cox proportional hazards regression analyses, we established a 3 TRIM gene-based risk model by TCGA dataset. The risk model divided patients into high and low score groups showing different overall survival (OS), being an independent prognostic factor irrespective of other clinical features. And the stability was estimated in GEO validation datasets and even tissues at protein level. Further explorations demonstrated patients within high risk group showed tendency to more EGFR mutation and severer immune suppressive status. Moreover, the risk model was markedly correlated with diverse immunotherapy response markers.
Conclusion: We constructed the first TRIM-based prognostic risk model for LUAD OS prediction and demonstrated the relationships between the model and LUAD immune characteristics. The risk model might assist the clinical application of immunotherapies.
Destabilization of Arctic Sea Ice Reveals Unexpected Adaptive Plasticity in a Novel Prey-Predator Dynamic
Authors: Berger Joel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent impacts to Earth’s biosphere include range expansions for ~17 terrestrial carnivorans, most of which carry unknown behavioral or ecological consequence for potential prey. Nowhere could such novelty be more dramatic than at high latitudes where, as sea ice declines, polar bears increase time on land and interact with the Arctic’s largest land mammal – muskoxen, a species previously exposed to predation primarily by brown bears and wolves. Remarkably, Alfred Russell Wallace opined on such possible relationships ~150 years ago. Herein, we expand upon such prey-predator interactions using field experiments across five years at Arctic Russian and Alaskan sites. We demonstrate altered muskoxen defense systems, distinguishing between polar and brown bears and fleeing on average three times farther from simulated polar than simulated brown bears. Our results demonstrate remarkable plasticity in learning ability, likely associated with eco-evolutionary differences in terrestrial pursuit capacity by bears. As anthropogenic landscapes change, macro-geographical processes and ecological reassembly will continue with unpredictable outcomes, especially for prey species unless sufficient commitments are made to on-site field assessments of species interactions.
Utilizing Multimodal Microscopy to Reconstruct Si/SiGe Interfacial Atomic Disorder and Infer its Impacts on Qubit Variability
Authors: Bussmann Ezra , Pena Luis , Koepke Justine , Dycus Joseph , Mounce Andrew , Baczewski Andrew , Jacobson N. Tobias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
SiGe heteroepitaxial growth yields pristine host material for quantum dot qubits, but residual interface disorder can lead to qubit-to-qubit variability that might pose an obstacle to reliable SiGe-based quantum computing. We demonstrate a technique to reconstruct 3D interfacial atomic structure spanning multiqubit areas by convolving data from scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). We utilize the structures in an atomistic multivalley effective mass theory to quantify qubit spectral variability. The results indicate (1) appreciable valley splitting (VS) variability of roughly 50% owing to alloy disorder, and (2) roughness-induced double-dot detuning bias energy variability of order 1 − 10 meV depending on well thickness. For measured intermixing, atomic steps have negligible influence on VS, and uncorrelated roughness causes spatially fluctuating energy biases in double-dot detunings potentially incorrectly attributed to charge disorder. Our approach yields atomic structure spanning orders-of-magnitude larger areas than post-growth microscopy or tomography alone enabling more holistic predictions of disorder-induced qubit variability.
Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Autoregulation in Adults Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Zhang Lucy Q , Chang Henry , Kalra Andrew , Humayun Mariyam , Rosenblatt Kathryn R , Shah Vishank A , Geocadin Romergryko G , Brown Charles H , Kim Bo Soo , Wh Glenn J.R. , Rivera-Lara Lucia , Cho Sung-min 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Impaired cerebral autoregulation (CA) is one of several proposed mechanisms of acute brain injury in patients supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The primary aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of continuous CA monitoring in adult ECMO patients. Our secondary aims were to describe changes in cerebral oximetry index (COx) and other metrics of CA over time and in relation to functional neurologic outcomes.
Methods: This is a single-center prospective observational study. We measured Cox, a surrogate measurement of cerebral blood flow, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, which is an index of CA derived from the moving correlation between mean arterial pressure and slow waves of regional cerebral oxygen saturation. A COx value that approaches 1 indicates impaired CA. Using COx, we determined the optimal MAP (MAPOPT), lower and upper limits of autoregulation for individual patients. These measurements were examined in relation to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.
Results: Fifteen patients (median age=57 years [IQR=47-69]) with 150 autoregulation measurements were included for analysis. Eleven were on veno-arterial ECMO and 4 on veno-venous. Mean COx was higher on post-cannulation day 1 than on day 2 (0.2 vs 0.09, p<0.01), indicating improved CA over time. COx was higher in VA-ECMO patients than in VV-ECMO (0.12 vs 0.06, p=0.04). Median MAPOPT for entire cohort was highly variable, ranging 55-110 mmHg. Patients with mRS 0-3 (good outcome) at 3 and 6 months spent less time outside of MAPOPT compared to patients with mRS 4-6 (poor outcome) (74% vs 82%, p=0.01). The percentage of time when observed MAP was outside the limits of autoregulation was higher on post-cannulation day 1 than on day 2 (18.2% vs 3.3%, p<0.01).
Conclusions: In ECMO patients, it is feasible to monitor CA continuously at the bedside. CA improved over time, most significantly between post-cannulation days 1 and 2. CA was more impaired in VA-ECMO than VV-ECMO. Spending less time outside of MAPOPT may be associated with achieving a good neurologic outcome.
Dolichoectasia of the ophthalmic artery: A case report on the treatment strategy in endovascular therapy and literature review
Authors: Oishi Tomoya , Neki Hiroaki , Sakamoto Tomoya , Hashimoto Muneaki , Mochizuki Yuichi , Kamio Yoshinobu , Kurozumi Kazuhiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Dolichoectasia is a rare arterial condition characterized by the dilatation, tortuosity, and elongation of cerebral blood vessels. The vertebrobasilar artery and internal carotid artery are the common sites of dolichoectasia. However, dolichoectasia of the branch arteries, such as the ophthalmic artery (OA), is extremely rare. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of ophthalmic dolichoectasia that was successfully treated with endovascular internal coil trapping.
Case presentation:
A 54-year-old female patient presented with transient left ophthalmalgia and visual disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a dilated and elongated left OA compressing the optic nerve at the entrance of the optic canal. However, a previous image that was taken 17 years back revealed that the OA was normal, which suggested the change in dolichoectasia was acquired. Cerebral angiography showed that the dilated and tortuous OA was running from the bifurcation of the left internal carotid artery into the orbit. The symptoms could have been attributed to the direct compression of the dolichoectatic OA in the optic canal. A sufficient anastomosis between the central retinal artery and the middle meningeal artery was identified on external carotid angiography with balloon occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Endovascular treatment with internal trapping of the OA was performed due to ophthalmic symptom progression. Internal coil trapping of the OA was performed at the short segment between the OA bifurcation and the entrance of the optic canal. As expected, the central retinal artery was supplied via the middle meningeal artery after the treatment. The transient visual disturbance was immediately resolved. Ophthalmalgia worsened temporarily after the treatment. However, it completely resolved after several days of oral corticosteroid therapy. Postoperative angiography showed that the origin of the OA was occluded and that the OA in the optic canal was shrunk. The flow of the central retinal arteries via the middle meningeal artery was preserved.
Conclusions
The ophthalmic artery dolichoectasia is rare, and pathogenesis and long-term visual prognosis are still unknown. However, endovascular therapy can improve symptom by releasing the pressure site in the optic canal.