bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming the management of colon injury: Dr Timothy C Fabian – scholar, scientist, leader, and teacher
Authors: Stewart Ronald M 
Published: April 2023

Dr Fabian and his colleagues have transformed the management of colon injury during a span of more than four decades. They have done so by following a patient-centered, rigorous, and dogged approach to improving patient care and standardizing care with a simplified and widely applicable algorithm. All non-destructive colon injuries are primarily repaired. Healthy patients without massive blood loss who have sustained destructive wounds are treated with resection and anastomosis without fecal diversion. Patients with coexisting significant medical conditions or those requiring greater than 6 units of packed red blood cell(PRBC) transfusions are treated with resection and fecal diversion. Following this simple algorithm has led to a low rate of anastomotic leak with minimal colon-related morbidity in penetrating and blunt colon trauma and in those patients requiring abbreviated laparotomy/damage control procedures.During his four decades in Memphis, Dr Fabian established, led, and developed a regional trauma system which transformed trauma care, significantly improving survival and minimizing disability of patients in the Memphis community and across the entire mid-South region.I was fortunate to be a trauma and surgical critical care fellow 30 years ago in Memphis. As a leader, Dr Fabian gave us the freedom to pursue our own interests and explore ideas with full academic freedom with only one caveat—always do the right thing for our patient. A general principle championed by Dr Fabian is that patient care is not a means to some other goal (academic, reputational, or financial); no, serving the patient’s interests first is the reason we exist as surgeons and the reason why the trauma system exists. This human-centered approach was central to the Memphis approach to trauma care led by Timothy C Fabian and will live on in the work of those who are following his leadership.
Torsional dark energy in quadratic gauge gravity
Authors: van de Venn Armin , Vasak David , Kirsch Johannes , Struckmeier Jürgen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe covariant canonical gauge theory of gravity (CCGG) is a gauge field formulation of gravity which a priori includes non-metricity and torsion. It extends the Lagrangian of Einstein’s theory of general relativity by terms at least quadratic in the Riemann–Cartan tensor. This paper investigates the implications of metric compatible CCGG on cosmological scales. For a totally anti-symmetric torsion tensor we derive the resulting equations of motion in a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) Universe. In the limit of a vanishing quadratic Riemann–Cartan term, the arising modifications of the Friedmann equations are shown to be equivalent to spatial curvature. Furthermore, the modified Friedmann equations are investigated in detail in the early and late times of the Universe’s history. It is demonstrated that in addition to the standard $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM behaviour of the scale factor, there exist novel time dependencies, emerging due to the presence of torsion and the quadratic Riemann–Cartan term. Finally, at late times, we present how the accelerated expansion of the Universe can be understood as a geometric effect of spacetime through torsion, rendering the introduction of a cosmological constant redundant. In such a scenario it is possible to compute an expected value for the parameters of the postulated gravitational Hamiltonian/Lagrangian and to provide a lower bound on the vacuum energy of matter.
On the emergence of a classical isotropic universe from a quantum f(R) Bianchi cosmology in the Jordan frame
Authors: De Angelis Mariaveronica , Montani Giovanni 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe demonstrate a spontaneous tendency of quantum wave packets to become quasi-classical, providing a classical limit for the Universe dynamics. However, this limit is not maintained in the future (after a critical value of the relational time) and a spreading process is turned on. We show that the onset of an inflationary scenario is not able to make this localization stable of the wave packets for the Bianchi I model. Instead, when we implement a perturbative inflationary scenario for the isotropic Universe a mechanism of stable classicalization of the Universe emerges. This result outlines a sharp difference between the standard relativistic cosmology and a modifiedf(R) paradigm.
QUANTITATIVE SIGNATURES OF BRAIN COGNITION IN YOUNG CHILDREN USING TASK-BASED EEG SIGNALS
Authors: DIVYA B. , SREE R. ANANDHA , KAVITHA A. 
Published: April 2023

Cognition is the practice of processing knowledge through mental processes. Understanding cognitive functions of the brain in young children helps in identifying neurodevelopmental disorders at early stages. Most studies used to diagnose neurodevelopmental disorders are based on behavioral scales. But most children with neurodevelopmental disorders are non-verbal. Thus, the goal of this research is to perform a task-based analysis of cognitive skills in children using electroencephalographic (EEG) signals. Spectral and fractal features of the EEG signals were acquired from pre-primary school children ([Formula: see text]) during arithmetic and path-finding cognitive tasks. The acquired signals were decomposed into various sub-bands. Investigations on the time-domain Higuchi Fractal Dimension (HFD) analysis and frequency domain Power Spectrum Analysis features demonstrated the dominance of the Theta band over the other subbands. The frontal electrode exhibited more workload in the arithmetic task, indicating the involvement of frontal regions and the temporal areas (T8) which were actively involved throughout the path-finding task, showing the activity related to spatial perception and navigation. Thus, the statistical information obtained from the spectral and fractal analyses seems to provide quantitative evidence of the variations in cognitive skills of young children thereby enhancing inferences about neurodevelopmental disorders.
Hopcroft’s Problem, Log* Shaving, Two-dimensional Fractional Cascading, and Decision Trees
Authors: Chan Timothy M. , Zheng Da Wei 
Published: April 2023

We revisit Hopcroft’s problem and related fundamental problems about geometric range searching. Given
n
points and
n
lines in the plane, we show how to count the number of point-line incidence pairs or the number of point-above-line pairs in
O
(
n
4/3
) time, which matches the conjectured lower bound and improves the best previous time bound of

\(n^{4/3}2^{O(\log ^*n)}\)

obtained almost 30 years ago by Matoušek [
58
].

We describe two interesting and different ways to achieve the result: The first is randomized and uses a new two-dimensional version of fractional cascading for arrangements of lines; the second is deterministic and uses decision trees in a manner inspired by the sorting technique of Fredman [42]. The second approach extends to any constant dimension.

Many consequences follow from these new ideas: For example, we obtain an
O
(
n
4/3
)-time algorithm for line segment intersection counting in the plane,
O
(
n
4/3
)-time randomized algorithms for distance selection in the plane and bichromatic closest pair and Euclidean minimum spanning tree in three or four dimensions, and a randomized data structure for halfplane range counting in the plane with
O
(
n
4/3
) preprocessing time and space and

\(O(n^{1/3})\)

query time.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyurethane Rigid Foam Nanocomposites from Used Cooking Oil and Perlite
Authors: Sarim Muntajab , Alavi Nikje Mir Mohammad , Dargahi Maryam 
Published: April 2023

Modern chemical industries trend towards industrial ecology to achieve a circular economy, because of increasing environmental and economic awareness jointly. One of the most important of these industries is polyurethane, accompanied by more and more interest in using renewable polyols. The study focuses on synthesizing and characterizing polyurethane rigid foams formulated by replacing 40%, 60%, and 100% of a petrochemical polyol with a bio-polyol derived from used cooking oil, and introducing perlite and modified perlite nanoparticles into the bio-polyol. The products were evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results indicate that the hydroxide value and viscosity at 25°C of the bio-polyol were around

456
±
30

mg KOH/g and 148 mPa s. Bio-polyol blends of 40% and 60% had no significant effect on the thermal properties of polyurethane systems. The lowest value of char yield was observed for the sample with a 100% bio-polyol content of 2.3%. The beneficial effects of both perlite and modified perlite particles on the 100% bio-polyol-based foam were observed as having an effective role in improving thermal stability and reconstructing cellular structure. The yield char increased to 13.2%, 14%, 14.7%, and 15% for the two filler contents 2.5% and 5%. However, the new bio-polyol has a fairly good value in industrial construction, and the perlite particles have enhanced and improved this value.
Increased Nerve Density Adversely Affects Outcome in Oral Cancer
Authors: Perez-Pacheco Cindy , Schmitd Ligia B. , Furgal Allison , Bellile Emily L. , Liu Min , Fattah Aya , Gonzalez-Maldonado Laura , Unsworth Shelby P. , Wong Sunny Y. , Rozek Laura S. , Rao Arvind , Wolf Gregory T. , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , Casper Keith , Mierzwa Michelle , D'Silva Nisha J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Perineural invasion (PNI) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with poor survival. Because of the risk of recurrence, patients with PNI receive additional therapies after surgical resection. Mechanistic studies have shown that nerves in the tumor microenvironment promote aggressive tumor growth. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether nerve density (ND) influences tumor growth and patient survival. Moreover, we assessed the reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) in evaluating ND.

Experimental Design:
To investigate whether increased ND in OSCC influences patient outcome, we performed survival analyses. Tissue sections of OSCC from 142 patients were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and IHC stains to detect nerves and tumor. ND within the tumor bulk and in the adjacent 2 mm was quantified; normalized ND (NND; bulk ND/adjacent ND) was calculated. The impact of ND on tumor growth was evaluated in chick chorioallantoic-dorsal root ganglia (CAM-DRG) and murine surgical denervation models. Cancer cells were grafted and tumor size quantified. Automated nerve detection, applying the Halo AI platform, was compared with manual assessment.

Results:
Disease-specific survival decreased with higher intratumoral ND and NND in tongue SCC. Moreover, NND was associated with worst pattern-of-invasion and PNI. Increasing the number of DRG, in the CAM-DRG model, increased tumor size. Reduction of ND by denervation in a murine model decreased tumor growth. Automated and manual detection of nerves showed high concordance, with an F1 score of 0.977.

Conclusions:
High ND enhances tumor growth, and NND is an important prognostic factor that could influence treatment selection for aggressive OSCC.
See related commentary by Hondermarck and Jiang, p. 2342
Imagonure Kuogori Pijiwuda ji, Conversando com Sylvia
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo Dionisio 
Published: April 2023

O filme acima refere-se à entrevista com Sylvia Caiuby Novaes transcrita nesta seção TER e está correlacionado com o ensaio visual Espelho da Memória: Sylvia Caiuby Novaes através da fotografia, presente na seção GIS. Aqui o leitor poderá ver e ouvir Sylvia e adentrar no seu mundo sensorial, no qual ela dialoga com vários de seus orientandes que a acompanharam em sua trajetória profissional. Nesse mundo, em forma de entrevista, temos acesso ao universo sensível construído por Sylvia nos campos que realizou, na Universidade de São Paulo onde sempre trabalhou e na casa onde mora em São Paulo.
A entrevista está dividida em duas partes, pois foi realizada em dois dias de gravação em sua casa, em 25 e 29 de outubro de 2021.
Endothelin-1, Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction, and Effects of Dapagliflozin: Findings From DAPA-HF
Authors: Yeoh Su Ern , Docherty Kieran F. , Campbell Ross T. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Hammarstedt Ann , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Jarolim Petr , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Solomon Scott D. , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Bengtsson Olof , Greasley Peter J. , Sattar Naveed , Welsh Paul , Sabatine Marc S. , Morrow David A. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: April 2023

Background:
ET-1 (endothelin-1) is implicated in the pathophysiology of heart failure and renal disease. Its prognostic importance and relationship with kidney function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction receiving contemporary treatment are uncertain. We investigated these and the efficacy of dapagliflozin according to ET-1 level in the DAPA-HF trial (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure).

Methods:
We investigated the incidence of the primary outcome (cardiovascular death or worsening heart failure), change in kidney function, and the effect of dapagliflozin according to baseline ET-1 concentration, adjusting in Cox models for other recognized prognostic variables in heart failure including NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide). We also examined the effect of dapagliflozin on ET-1 level.

Results:

Overall, 3048 participants had baseline ET-1 measurements: tertile 1 (T1; ≤3.28 pg/mL; n=1016); T2 (>3.28–4.41 pg/mL; n=1022); and T3 (>4.41 pg/mL; n=1010). Patients with higher ET-1 were more likely male, more likely obese, and had lower left ventricular ejection fraction, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, worse functional status, and higher NT-proBNP and hs-TnT (high-sensitivity troponin-T). In the adjusted Cox models, higher baseline ET-1 was independently associated with worse outcomes and steeper decline in kidney function (adjusted hazard ratio for primary outcome of 1.95 [95% CI, 1.53–2.50] for T3 and 1.36 [95% CI, 1.06–1.75] for T2; both versus T1; estimated glomerular filtration rate slope: T3, –3.19 [95% CI, –3.66 to –2.72] mL/min per 1.73 m
2
per y, T2, –2.08 [95% CI, –2.52 to –1.63] and T1 –2.35 [95% CI, –2.79 to –1.91];
P
=0.002). The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent regardless of baseline ET-1, and the placebo-corrected decrease in ET-1 with dapagliflozin was 0.13 pg/mL (95% CI, 0.25–0.01;
P
=0.029).

Conclusions:
Higher baseline ET-1 concentration was independently associated with worse clinical outcomes and more rapid decline in kidney function. The benefit of dapagliflozin was consistent across the range of ET-1 concentrations measured, and treatment with dapagliflozin led to a small decrease in serum ET-1 concentration.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
Local vs Systemic Use of Steroids for Sudden Deafness with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Huanhuan , Zhao Zhixiang , Chen Songyue 
Published: April 2023

Background Diabetes is associated with a risk of idiopathic sudden deafness. The main treatment of diabetic sudden deafness is systemic and topical application of steroids. Topical steroid therapy reduces systemic adverse reactions compared with systemic therapy. Purpose The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis design on the improvement value and recovery rate of pure tone mean hearing threshold (PTA).To investigate whether there is difference between local and systemic steroid treatment as the initial treatment for sudden deafness patients with diabetes. Methods We searched databases from publication date to October 1, 2022 including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, web of science, CNKI, Wan fang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), and VIP information resource system. A systematic literature review was conducted on the efficacy and safety of local and systemic steroid therapy for diabetic sudden deafness. RevMan5.4 and stata14 software were used for Meta-analysis. Results A total of 23 studies were included in this study, covering 1777 patients, including 885 cases in the observation group (local steroid group) and 894 cases in the control group (systemic steroid group). Meta-analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the total effective rate of local and systemic steroid treatment for diabetic sudden deafness between groups (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.11-1.22, P < 0.05). The effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. For the improvement of PTA, the difference between groups was statistically significant (RR = 6.60, 95% CI = 3.07-10.14, P < 0.05). The improvement of PTA in the local steroid group was higher than that in the systemic steroid group. Subgroup analysis showed that there were significant differences between groups in hormones, drug administration, follow-up time and course of disease. Conclusion Topical steroid therapy is effective in the treatment of diabetic sudden deafness. Hormone methylprednisolone has high effective rate; the shorter the course of disease and the longer the follow-up time are, the higher the total effective rate will be. Tympanic injection is more effective than post-aural injection. Topical steroid injections are safer for hormonal side effect.
Co-use of cannabis and alcohol before and after Canada legalized nonmedical cannabis: A repeat cross-sectional study
Authors: Hobin Erin , Weerasinghe Ashini , Boniface Sadie , Englund Amir , Wadsworth Elle , Hammond David 
Published: April 2023

Background: This study examined changes in population-level co-use of cannabis and alcohol before and 12 months after nonmedical cannabis legalization in Canada, relative to the United States that had previously legalized and not legalized (US legal and illegal states, respectively). Methods: Data are from waves 1 and 2 of the International Cannabis Policy Study, collected in 2018 (before) and 2019 (12 months after legalization in Canada). Respondents aged 16–65 years from Canada ( n = 25,313) and US legal ( n = 25,189) and US illegal ( n = 19,626) states completed an online survey. Changes in co-use between 2018 and 2019 in US legal and illegal states compared to those in Canada were assessed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: Descriptive analyses show increases in cannabis use and monthly or more frequent (MMF) co-use between 2018 and 2019 in all jurisdictions. Compared to no MMF use of cannabis or alcohol, there was no evidence suggesting differences in changes in MMF co-use in US legal or illegal states relative to Canada. However, respondents in US legal states had 33% higher odds of MMF alcohol-only use (OR = 1.33, 99% CI: 1.12, 1.57) compared to no MMF use relative to Canada. Conclusions: Increases in co-use were observed between 2018 and 2019 in all jurisdictions regardless of the legal status of cannabis. These shifts were largely due to increases in cannabis use across the population, including those that use alcohol, and may indicate changing societal norms toward cannabis generally. As the cannabis legalization transition in Canada matures, evaluation over the longer term will improve understanding of the influence of cannabis liberalization on co-use.
Effect of altitude on ticagrelor-induced dyspnea in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Kocabay Gonenc , Kivrak Tarik , Karaca Ozkan , Karasu Mehdi , Kaya Hakki , Kanar Batur , Orscelik Ozcan , Kobat Mehmet Ali , Yilmaz Mehmet Birhan 
Published: April 2023

Objective This study aimed to define the association between altitude and ticagrelor-associated dyspnea in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods We studied consecutive patients with de novo ACS who were admitted to two centers at a low altitude (18 and 25 m, n = 65) and two centers at a high altitude (1313 and 1041 m, n = 136). We managed them with ticagrelor between May 2017 and September 2017. Patients with ACS underwent an interventional procedure within <90 minutes in those with ST elevation and within <3 hours in those without ST elevation. We recorded the incidence of dyspnea in patients with ACS receiving ticagrelor therapy. Results The mean age was 59.5 ± 10 years, and the mean ejection fraction was 43% ± 18%. A total of 110 (56.7%) patients had ST elevation and 84 (43.3%) did not. There were no significant differences in cardiac risk factors, concurrent medications, or procedural variables between the two groups. Dyspnea developed during hospitalization in 53 (38%) patients from high-altitude centers and in 13 (20%) patients from low-altitude centers (66 patients represented 32% of the total ACS cohort). Conclusions Dyspnea is a common multifactorial symptom in patients following development of ACS. Ticagrelor-induced dyspnea appears to be associated with altitude.
Players Perception of the Chemistry in the Video Game No Man’s Sky
Authors: Santos Diogo , Zagalo Nelson , Morais Carla 
Published: April 2023

Background No Man’s Sky (NMS) is a sci-fi videogame about survival and exploration where players fly spaceships, search for elements, and use them to build, trade, and survive. Despite evolving around scientific concepts, NMS isn’t a serious game, and not all the scientific content in the game is presented with evidence. Theory and Method Looking at the interceptions between videogames and science, and moving to how science communication, both in theory and practice, can be explored within the videogame’s paradigm, a survey was developed to better understand how NMS players perceive the scientific content in the game. Aims Are players aware of the scientific content and how it is presented in NMS? Can they decipher it, question it and understand it under real-world rules? With the data collected from 124 respondents from 23 countries, we aim to better understand how an entertainment videogame can potentially help scientists, educators, and science communicators reach a growing, evolving, vibrant, diverse, and demanding audience. Results Players seem aware of the scientific content in NMS, with a positive attitude through it. But players showed problems identifying what is right and wrong, while also pointing to the idea that every videogame that deals with science should strive to treat it with evidence. 57% of the respondents answered that NMS motivated them to know more about chemistry, with more than 35% revealing that they learned something new and understood the role of some scientific fundaments in certain real-world situations like new energy sources, biomes, or the role of carbon and oxygen. Discussion and Conclusion With the growth of the videogames’ audience, educators, science communicators, scientists, and policymakers can find in the medium – in any shape or form – a fun and interactive ally to engage with younger audiences and promote dialogues that can be transformative around scientific topics.