bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the quadrupedal abilities of Scutellosaurus lawleri and its implications for locomotor behavior evolution among dinosaurs
Authors: Anderson Lilian , Brassey Charlotte , Pond Stuart , Bates Karl , Sellers William Irvin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA reversion to secondary quadrupedality is exceptionally rare in nature, yet the convergent re‐evolution of this locomotor style occurred at least four separate times within Dinosauria. Facultative quadrupedality, an intermediate state between obligate bipedality and obligate quadrupedality, may have been an important transitional step in this locomotor shift, and is proposed for a range of basal ornithischians and sauropodomorphs. Advances in virtual biomechanical modeling and simulation have allowed for the investigation of limb anatomy and function in a range of extinct dinosaurian species, yet this technique has not been widely applied to explore facultatively quadrupedal gait generation. This study places its focus on Scutellosaurus, a basal thyreophoran that has previously been described as both an obligate biped and a facultative quadruped. The functional anatomy of the musculoskeletal system (myology, mass properties, and joint ranges of motion) has been reconstructed using extant phylogenetic bracketing and comparative anatomical datasets. This information was used to create a multi‐body dynamic locomotor simulation that demonstrates that whil quadrupedal gaits were physically possible, they did not outperform bipedal gaits is any tested metric. Scutellosaurus cannot therefore be described as an obligate biped, but we would predict its use of quadrupedality would be very rare, and perhaps restricted to specific activities such as foraging. This finding suggests that basal thyreophorans are still overwhelmingly bipedal but is perhaps indicative of an adaptive pathway for later evolution of quadrupedality.
Ezh2 Knockout in B Cells Impairs Plasmablast Differentiation and Ameliorates Lupus‐like Disease in MRL/lpr Mice
Authors: Zheng Xiaoqing , Dozmorov Mikhail G. , Strohlein Colleen E. , Bastacky Sheldon , Sawalha Amr H. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesEZH2 regulates B cell development and differentiation. We previously demonstrated increased EZH2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lupus patients. The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of EZH2 expression in B cells in the pathogenesis of lupus.MethodsWe generated an MRL/lpr mouse with floxed Ezh2, which was crossed with CD19‐Cre mice to examine the effect of B cell EZH2 deficiency in MRL/lpr lupus‐prone mice. Differentiation of B cells was assessed using flow cytometry. Single‐cell RNA sequencing and single‐cell B cell receptor sequencing were performed. In vitro B cell culture with an X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1) inhibitor was performed. EZH2 and XBP1 messenger RNA levels in CD19+ B cells isolated from lupus patients and healthy controls were analyzed.ResultsWe show that Ezh2 deletion in B cells significantly decreased autoantibody production and improved glomerulonephritis. B cell development was altered in the bone marrow and spleen of EZH2‐deficient mice. Differentiation of germinal center B cells and plasmablasts was impaired. Single‐cell RNA sequencing showed that XBP1, a key transcription factor in B cell development, is down‐regulated in the absence of EZH2. Inhibiting XBP1 in vitro impairs plasmablast development similar to EZH2 deficiency in mice. Single‐cell B cell receptor RNA sequencing revealed defective immunoglobulin class‐switch recombination in EZH2‐deficient mice. In human lupus B cells, we observed a strong correlation between EZH2 and XBP1 messenger RNA expression levels.ConclusionEZH2 overexpression in B cells contributes to disease pathogenesis in lupus.image
Three‐time scale multi‐objective optimal PID control with filter design
Authors: Aafaque Muhammad , Boker Almuatazbellah , Sardahi Yousef 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the design of a multi‐objective PID (proportional, integral, and derivative) controller in three time scales for a system with load disturbances and sensor noise. The key to this design method is to divide the problem into three time scales by following a singular perturbation approach, which allows for the optimization of fewer parameters in each time scale instead of all the three PID gains at once, hence less computation and design effort. The optimization objectives are the minimization of the overshoot and peak time and the maximization of the closed‐loop system's ability to reject noise and load disturbances. The impact of the integral action and filter on the optimal results is investigated by tuning the singular perturbation parameters. The obtained results show that the performance of the closed‐loop system recovers the optimal solution, which is based on the fast subsystem, as the singular perturbation parameters get sufficiently small.
Die Güßbacher Welle – Eine innovative Stahlverbundbrücke mit asymmetrischem Trogquerschnitt in Wellenform
Authors: Jung Rolf , Wagner Markus , Lauterbach Volker 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFür den Ersatzneubau der Überführung der Bundesautobahn A73 über die ICE‐Ausbaustrecke Nürnberg–Ebensfeld und die Bundesstraße 4 wurde ein innovativer Lösungsansatz mit unterschiedlich geformten Tragebenen gewählt. Die beiden äußeren Träger werden dabei als Doppelwelle ausgeführt – die mittleren Tragebenen als Monowelle optisch zu einer Einheit verbunden. Das Bauwerk bildet ein Merkzeichen und hält sich dennoch in der Erscheinung zurück. In Kombination mit den gläsernen Schutzwänden auf den äußeren Trägern ergibt sich ein elegantes Wellenspiel, welches ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal darstellt und sich wie selbstverständlich in die Landschaft einfügt.
Drei Fußgängerbrücken für China
Authors: Sommer David , Plieninger Sven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDie weltweit am häufigsten publizierten Brücken Chinas bestechen meist durch atemberaubende Größe, symbolhafte Entwurfskonzepte oder waghalsige touristische Attraktionszwecke. Brücken mit Glasböden über tiefe Schluchten oder Skybridges zwischen Hochhäusern sind Anziehungspunkte für uns in Europa unbekannte touristische Massenbewegungen. Der Brückenbau in China als wichtiger Teil einer riesigen Infrastruktur hat neben diesen Prestigeprojekten eine Vielzahl an weniger bekannten, gleichwohl interessanten und innovativen Brücken vorzuweisen. Dieser Beitrag stellt drei Fußgängerbrücken vor, die in den letzten Jahren vom Büro schlaich bergermann partner in China geplant und gebaut wurden, und beschreibt die hierbei erlebten und beobachteten Besonderheiten.
Green intellectual capital and green business strategy: The role of green absorptive capacity
Authors: Begum Saira , Ashfaq Muhammad , Asiaei Kaveh , Shahzad Khuram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study builds on the natural resource‐based view to propose a mediation moderation framework by exploring the influence of green intellectual capital (GIC) on green business strategy through the mediating and moderating impact of green absorptive capacity (GAC) and corporate environmental ethics (CEE), respectively. The data were collected from 268 participants from large manufacturing industries in Pakistan to test the suggested model and analyzed using structural equation modeling (variance‐based). The findings show that GIC positively influences GAC and green business strategy in organizations. The results further indicate that the relationship between GIC and green business strategy is mediated and moderated by GAC and CEE. Moreover, a multi‐group analysis (MGA) shows no statistically significant differences across the industry groups. These results reveal the theoretical underpinning for environmental business strategy and provide a deep understanding of knowledge‐based resources and environmental regulations as important antecedents of green business strategy in manufacturing firms.
A New Monoterpene Alkaloid from Incarvillea sinensis with Migration Inhibitory Activity on Cancer Cell
Authors: Song Weirong , Zhang Jie , Zhao Pengxiang , Huang Yongchun , Zhang Shoude 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA novel monoterpene alkaloid, named incarvine G, was isolated from the Incarvillea sinensis Lam. Its chemical structure was elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Incarvine G is an ester compound comprised of a monoterpene alkaloid and glucose. This compound showed evident inhibition on cell migration, invasion, and cytoskeleton formation of human MDA‐MB‐231 with low cytotoxicity.
Selective Valorization of Bio‐derived Levulinic Acid and Its Derivatives into Hydrocarbons and Biochemicals by Using Hydrosilylation
Authors: Garg Nitish K. , Tan Mattias , Johnson Magnus T. , Wendt Ola F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein we report an efficient hydrosilylation strategy to selectively defunctionalize biomass‐derived levulinic acid into value‐added chemicals such as pentane‐1,4‐diol, pentan‐2‐ol, 2‐MTHF and C5 hydrocarbons by using cost‐effective silanes and the commercially available catalyst B(C6F5)3 at room temperature. All reactions work well in chlorinated solvents but, as a greener alternative, most reactions can be run in toluene or solvent‐less.
A BF2 Chelate Exhibiting Excimer‐like Fluorescence with an Unusually Large Stokes Shift in the Crystalline Phase
Authors: Bozdemir Özgür Altan , Woodford Owen J. , Waddell Paul G. , Harriman Anthony 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe target mono‐BF2 complex is weakly emissive in fluid solution because radiationless decay of the excited‐singlet state is promoted through an intramolecular N⋅⋅⋅H−N hydrogen bond. The lack of mirror symmetry for this compound is attributed to vibronic effects, as reported previously for the bis‐BF2 complex (BOPHY). Red‐shifted fluorescence is observed from single crystals, the emission quantum yield approaching 30 % with a fluorescence lifetime of 2 ns. The large Stokes shift of 5,700 cm−1 helps minimize self‐absorption. Crystallography indicates that the internal fold and twist angles are increased substantially in the crystal, but the hydrogen bond is weakened relative to solution. The crystal structure is compiled from pairs of head‐to‐tail molecules having a shift of ca. 4.1 Å and closest approach of ca. 3.5 Å. These molecular pairs are arranged in columns, which, in turn, assemble into sheets. The proximity favors excitonic coupling between individual molecules, with the coupling strength obtained by analysis of the absorption spectrum reaching ca. 1,000 cm−1. Both the ideal dipole approximation and the extended dipole methodology seriously overestimate the coupling strength, but the atomic transition charge density procedure leads to good agreement with experiment. Emission is attributed to the closely coupled molecular pair functioning in an excimer‐like manner with the exciton trapped in a local minimum. Increasing temperature causes a slight blue shift and loss of fluorescence.
Use of Conglomerate Mixed Crystals to Deracemize a Stable Racemic‐Compound‐Forming System
Authors: Pinètre Clément , Gendron François‐Xavier , Kuroda Reiko , Oketani Ryusei , Aupetit Christian , Buffeteau Thierry , Coquerel Gérard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeracemization extended to racemic‐compound‐forming systems is demonstrated. We present here the first results of an alternative for the resolution of systems that exhibit a stable racemic compound but also a closely related conglomerate‐forming system. If the couples of enantiomers forming the racemic compound and the enantiomers of the stable conglomerate can syncrystallize in mirror‐related partial solid solutions, it is possible to deracemize the racemic mixture of mixed crystals to access to a single handedness. The evidence for this possibility is given in three examples by using temperature‐cycling‐induced deracemization.
Spin polarization through axially chiral linkers: Length dependence and correlation with the dissymmetry factor
Authors: Amsallem Dana , Kumar Anil , Naaman Ron , Gidron Ori 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe chiral‐induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect relates to the spin‐selective electron transport through chiral molecules; therefore, the chiral molecules act as spin filters. In past studies, correlation was found between the magnitude of the spin filtering and the intensity of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum (the first Compton peak) of the molecules. Since the intensity of the CD peak relates to both the magnitude of the electric and magnetic dipole transitions, it was not clear which of these properties correlate with the CISS effect. This work aims at addressing this question. By studying the spin‐dependent conduction and the CD spectra of the thiol‐functionalized enantiopure binaphthalene (BINAP) and ternaphthalene (TERNAP), we found that both BINAP and TERNAP exhibit a similar spin polarization of 50%, despite the first Compton peak in TERNAP being almost twice as intense as the peak in BINAP. These results can be explained by the similar values of their anisotropy (or dissymmetry) factor, gabs, which is proportional to the magnetic transition dipole moment. Hence, we concluded that the CISS effect is proportional to the transition dipole moment in chiral molecules, namely, to the dissymmetry factor.
Guiding atrial fibrillation ablation combined with left atrial appendage occlusion procedure by fluoroscopy with or without transesophageal echocardiography achieved comparable outcomes
Authors: Meng Weilun , Li Xiang , Ren Zhongyuan , Zheng Yixing , Zhang Jingying , Yang Haotian , Guo Rong , Li Hailing , Zhang Jun , Wang Yiqian , Jia Peng , Zhao Dongdong , Xu Yawei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and can be treated with catheter ablation (CA) combined with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO). The study is designed to compare the safety and efficacy of guiding the combined procedure by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with or without transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).MethodsFrom February 2019 to December 2020, 138 patients with nonvalvular AF who underwent CA combined with LAAO procedure were consecutively included, and two cohorts were built according to intraprocedural guidance (DSA or DSA with TEE). Periprocedural and follow‐up outcomes were compared with investigate the feasibility and safety between the two cohorts.Results71 patients and 67 patients were included in the DSA cohort and TEE cohort, respectively. Age and gender were comparable, despite the TEE cohort having a higher proportion of persistent AF (37 [55.2%] vs. 26 [36.6%]) and hemorrhage history (9 [13.4%] vs. 0). The procedure time of the DSA cohort was significantly reduced (95.7 ± 27.6 vs. 108.9 ± 30.3 min, p = .018), with a nonsignificant longer fluoroscopic time (15.2 ± 5.4 vs. 14.4 ± 7.1 min, p = .074). And the overall incidence of peri‐procedural complications was similar between cohorts. After an average of 24 months of clinical follow‐up, only three patients in the TEE cohort had ≤3 mm residual flow (p = .62). Kaplan–Meier estimates showed nonsignificant differences between the cohorts for freedom from atrial arrhythmia (log‐rank p = .964) and major adverse cardiovascular events (log‐rank p = .502).ConclusionsCompared with DSA and TEE guidance, DSA‐guided combined procedure could shorten the procedural time, while achieving similar periprocedural and long‐term feasibility and safety.
Not Every Hit‐Identification Technique Works on 1‐Deoxy‐d‐Xylulose 5‐Phosphate Synthase (DXPS): Making the Most of a Virtual Screening Campaign
Authors: Johannsen Sandra , Gierse Robin M. , Olshanova Aleksandra , Smerznak Ellie , Laggner Christian , Eschweiler Lea , Adeli Zahra , Hamid Rawia , Alhayek Alaa , Reiling Norbert , Haupenthal Jörg , Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, we demonstrate how important it is to investigate not only on‐target activity but to keep antibiotic activity against critical pathogens in mind. Since antimicrobial resistance is spreading in bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, investigations into new targets are urgently needed. One promising new target is 1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose 5‐phosphate synthase (DXPS) of the 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythritol 4‐phosphate (MEP) pathway. We have recently solved the crystal structure of truncated M. tuberculosis DXPS and used it to perform a virtual screening in collaboration with Atomwise Inc. using their deep convolutional neural network‐based AtomNet® platform. Of 94 virtual hit compounds only one showed interesting results in binding and activity studies. We synthesized 30 close derivatives using a straightforward synthetic route that allowed for easy derivatization. However, no improvement in activity was observed for any of the derivatives. Therefore, we tested them against a variety of pathogens and found them to be good inhibitors against Escherichia coli.
Development of Light‐Activated LXR Agonists
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Tufan K. , Willems Sabine , Arp Christopher J. , Morstein Johannes , Haake Caleb T. , Merk Daniel , Trauner Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActivation of the oxysterol‐sensing transcription factor liver X receptor (LXR) has been studied as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic diseases and cancer but is compromised by the side effects of LXR agonists. Local LXR activation in cancer treatment may offer an opportunity to overcome this issue suggesting potential uses of photopharmacology. We report the computer‐aided development of photoswitchable LXR agonists based on the T0901317 scaffold, which is a known LXR agonist. Azologization and structure‐guided structure‐activity relationship evaluation enabled the design of an LXR agonist, which activated LXR with low micromolar potency in its light‐induced (Z)‐state and was inactive as (E)‐isomer. This tool sensitized human lung cancer cells to chemotherapeutic treatment in a light‐dependent manner supporting potential of locally activated LXR agonists as adjuvant cancer treatment.
Impact of Structural Flexibility of Amine Moieties as Bridges for Redox‐Active Sites on Secondary Battery Performance
Authors: Choi Siku , Song Songi , Ko Yeongnam , Kim Ki Chul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough environmentally benign organic cathode materials for secondary batteries are in demand, their high solubility in electrolyte solvents hinders broad applicability. In this study, a bridging fragment to link redox‐active sites is incorporated into organic complexes with the aim of preventing dissolution in electrolyte systems with no significant performance loss. Evaluation of these complexes using an advanced computational approach reveals that the type of redox‐active site (i. e., dicyanide, quinone, or dithione) is a key parameter for determining the intrinsic redox activity of the complexes, with the redox activity decreasing in the order of dithione>quinone>dicyanide. In contrast, the structural integrity is strongly reliant on the bridging style (i. e., amine‐based single linkage or diamine‐based double linkage). In particular, owing to their rigid anchoring effect, diamine‐based double linkages incorporated at dithione sites allow structural integrity to be maintained with no significant decrease in the high thermodynamic performance of dithione sites. These findings provide insights into design directions for insoluble organic cathode materials that can sustain high performance and structural durability during repeated cycling.
Clinical, cytological and ultrasonographic features of incidental thyroid cancer in a hospital‐based study in vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Bay Quang , Tran Hau Thi , Nguyen Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Thanh Xuan , Nguyen Thu Thi Hoai , Nguyen Tam Ngoc , Vu Huyen Thi Thanh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionThyroid nodules are common diseases of the endocrine system, with a 5% prevalence rate in the general population. This study aimed to identify prevalence, clinical, cytological and ultrasonographic features of incidental thyroid cancer and its associated factors in Vietnam.MethodsThis cross‐sectional descriptive study consisted of 208 patients with incidental thyroid nodules detected by ultrasound at the Endocrinology Department, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam between November 2019 and August 2020. Clinical information, sonography characteristics of thyroid nodules, results of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), postoperative pathology and lymph node metastasis were collected. A multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate factors associated with thyroid cancer.ResultsA total of 272 thyroid nodules (from 208 participants) were included in this study. The mean age was 47.2 ± 12.0 (years). The rate of incidental thyroid cancer patients detected was 17.3%. Nodules <1 cm in size were significantly more prevalent for malignant nodules. The size of more than half of thyroid cancer nodules was 0.50–0.99 cm. Postoperative pathology of all nodules with Bethesda V and VI was papillary thyroid cancer which was consistent with cytological results. 33.3% of thyroid cancer patients have lymph node metastasis. The regression model showed that thyroid cancer was more likely to occur at a younger age (≤ 45 years vs. >45 years, OR 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3–6.1), taller‐than‐wide nodules (OR 6.8; 95% CI: 2.3–20.2) and hypo‐echoic nodules (OR 5.2; 95% CI: 1.7–15.9).ConclusionThe study showed that the prevalence of incidental thyroid cancers was 17.3%, of which 100% was papillary carcinoma. People under the age of 45 and the presence of ultrasound characteristics, such as taller‐than‐wide and hypoechoic nodules increased risk for malignancy.
Virtual reality increases pressure pain threshold and lowers anxiety in children compared with control and non‐immersive control—A randomized, crossover trial
Authors: Kjeldgaard Pedersen L. , Fisker L. Y. V. , Rölfing J. D. , Ahlburg P. , Veien M. , Vase L. , Møller‐Madsen B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundVirtual reality (VR) is a promising non‐pharmacological pain intervention because it may not only distract but also modulate pain by immersing the user in a three‐dimensional 360° alternate reality. In children, VR has been reported to reduce clinical pain and anxiety during medical procedures. However, the effect of immersive VR on pain and anxiety remains to be investigated in randomized controlled trials (RCT). The aim of the present crossover RCT was to assess the effect of VR on pressure pain threshold (PPT) and anxiety level measured with the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) in children in a controlled experimental setting.MethodsSeventy‐two children (mean age 10.2 (6–14) years) were randomized to 24 sequences of four interventions (immersive VR Game, immersive VR video, tablet: 2D video and control: small talk). Outcome measures PPT, mYPAS and heart rate were assessed before and after each intervention.ResultsPPT increased significantly during VR game (PPTdiff): 136 kPa (CI 112; 161), p < 0.0001 and VR Video (PPTdiff): 122 kPa (CI 91; 153), p < 0.0001. Also, anxiety levels significantly decreased during both VR game (mYPASdiff: −7 points (−8 to −5), p < 0.0001) and VR video (mYPASdiff: −6 points (CI −7; −4), p < 0.0001).ConclusionsVR had a marked beneficial effect on PPT and anxiety compared with the control interventions: 2D video and small talk. Thus, immersive VR had a distinct modulatory effect on pain and anxiety in a well‐controlled experimental setting. Immersive VR was effective and feasible in children and can act as a valid tool for non‐pharmacological pain and anxiety management.SignificancePaediatric immersive VR seems to be beneficial although well‐controlled studies are pending. We investigated whether immersive VR can modulate children's threshold for pain and anxiety level in an experimental well‐controlled setting. We document a modulatory pain threshold increase and anxiety level decrease compared with extensive control conditions. Paediatric immersive VR is effective, feasible and valid for non‐pharmacological pain and anxiety management. All efforts to reach the goal that no child should experience pain or anxiety when exposed to medical procedures.