bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vitamin D on inflammatory and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Al-Saoodi Hagir , Kolahdooz Fariba , Andersen Jens Rikardt , Jalili Mahsa 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes synovitis. Vitamin D deficiency is common in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether vitamin D supplementation affects the inflammatory and clinical outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of randomized clinical trials.

Data Sources
A literature search was performed in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar for articles published until May 2022.

Data Extraction
The studies were selected according to PRISMA guidelines, and the risk of bias was assessed for randomized controlled trials.

Data Analysis
A random effects model was used to conduct a meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. Of 464 records, 11 studies were included from 3049 patients. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation did not significantly reduce C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), or the health assessment questionnaire score; however, the response to supplementation was highly heterogeneous. The pooled analysis showed that vitamin D significantly reduced the pain–visual analogue scale (VAS) weighted mean difference (WMD = –1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] [–2.34, −27], P = .01), DAS28–CRP (WMD = –.58, 95% CI [–.86, –.31], P &lt; .0001), and DAS28–ESR (WMD = –.58, 95% CI [–.86, –.31], P = .0001). Subgroup analysis for vitamin D doses (&gt;100 µg per day versus &lt;100 µg per day) showed that the higher doses had a more significant effect on CRP than the lower doses (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
There was no significant difference between the effect of 2 vitamin D doses on ESR and DAS28. To minimize the high heterogeneity among studies in this meta-analysis, other confounding factors such as baseline vitamin D, age, dietary vitamin D, time of year, sun exposure, drug interaction, effect dosage, and power of study should be examined.
Food Insecurity Is Associated With Low Tenofovir Diphosphate in Dried Blood Spots in South African Persons With HIV
Authors: Hirsh Molly L , Edwards Jonathan A , Robichaux Chad , Brijkumar Jaysingh , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S , Ofotokun Igho , Johnson Brent A , Pillay Selvan , Pillay Melendhran , Moodley Pravi , Sun Yan V , Liu Chang , Dudgeon Mathew R , Ordoñez Claudia , Kuritzkes Daniel R , Sunpath Henry , Morrow Mary , Anderson Peter L , Ellison Lucas , Bushman Lane R , Marconi Vincent C , Castillo-Mancilla Jose R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Food insecurity has been linked to suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in persons with HIV (PWH). This association has not been evaluated using tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBSs), a biomarker of cumulative ART adherence and exposure.

Methods
Within a prospective South African cohort of treatment-naive PWH initiating ART, a subset of participants with measured TFV-DP in DBS values was assessed for food insecurity status. Bivariate and multivariate median-based regression analysis compared the association between food insecurity and TFV-DP concentrations in DBSs adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, medication possession ratio (MPR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Results
Drug concentrations were available for 285 study participants. Overall, 62 (22%) PWH reported worrying about food insecurity and 44 (15%) reported not having enough food to eat in the last month. The crude median concentrations of TFV-DP in DBSs differed significantly between those who expressed food insecurity worry versus those who did not (599 [interquartile range {IQR}, 417–783] fmol/punch vs 716 [IQR, 453–957] fmol/punch; P = .032). In adjusted median-based regression, those with food insecurity worry had concentrations of TFV-DP that were 155 (95% confidence interval, −275 to −35; P = .012) fmol/punch lower than those who did not report food insecurity worry. Age and MPR remained significantly associated with TFV-DP.

Conclusions
In this study, food insecurity worry is associated with lower TFV-DP concentrations in South African PWH. This highlights the role of food insecurity as a social determinant of HIV outcomes including ART failure and resistance.
From Sanitation Science to Geroscience: Public Health Must Transcend ‘Folkbiology’
Authors: Farrelly Colin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Folkbiology refers to people’s everyday understanding of the biological world. The early twentieth-century pioneers of public health C.-E.A Winslow (1877–1957), and his mentor H. Biggs (1859–1923), conceptualized public health as the ‘purchasable’ science of preventing disease and death from unfavorable economic and living conditions. Their ideas were foundational in shaping public health’s strategy of a ‘war against disease’ (Winslow, 1903), a strategy that was very successful in preventing the early-life mortality risks from infectious diseases, and was eventually extended to combating the chronic diseases of late life (like cancer). However, the initial framing of public health, through the lens of sanitation science, was predicated upon folkbiological premises that geroscience must abate in order to direct public health interventions toward the goal of improving the quality of life for older persons in the twenty-first century. Three folkbiological premises of sanitation science’s ‘war against disease’ are identified and critiqued: (i) the belief that health is the ‘normal’ condition of the human mechanism and disease ‘unnecessary’; (ii) the belief that the proximate causes of disease are the only modifiable risk factors public health interventions can alter; and (iii) the belief that the rate of biological aging is universal.
The transcription factor MYB156 controls the polar stiffening of guard cell walls in poplar
Authors: Zheng Lin , Chen Yajuan , Ding Liping , Zhou Ying , Xue Shanshan , Li Biying , Wei Jianhua , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The mechanical properties of guard cells have major effects on stomatal functioning. Reinforced stiffness in the stomatal polar regions was recently proposed to play an important role in stomatal function, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we used genetic and biochemical approaches in poplar (Populus spp.) to show that the transcription factor MYB156 controls pectic homogalacturonan–based polar stiffening through the downregulation of the gene encoding pectin methylesterase 6 (PME6). Loss of MYB156 increased the polar stiffness of stomata, thereby enhancing stomatal dynamics and response speed to various stimuli. In contrast, overexpression of MYB156 resulted in decreased polar stiffness and impaired stomatal dynamics, accompanied by smaller leaves. Polar stiffening functions in guard cell dynamics in response to changing environmental conditions by maintaining normal stomatal morphology during stomatal movement. Our study revealed the structure–function relationship of the cell wall of guard cells in stomatal dynamics, providing an important means for improving the stomatal performance and drought tolerance of plants.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 specifically regulates photorespiration in rice
Authors: Xu Zheng , Guo Weidong , Mo Benqi , Pan Qing , Lu Jiatian , Wang Ziwei , Peng Xinxiang , Zhang Zhisheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Photorespiration begins with the oxygenation reaction catalyzed by Rubisco and is the second highest metabolic flux in plants after photosynthesis. Although the core biochemical pathway of photorespiration has been well characterized, little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanisms. Some rate-limiting regulation of photorespiration has been suggested to occur at both the transcriptional and posttranslational levels, but experimental evidence is scarce. Here, we found that mitogen-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPK2) interacts with photorespiratory glycolate oxidase and hydroxypyruvate reductase, and the activities of these photorespiratory enzymes were regulated via phosphorylation modifications in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Gas exchange measurements revealed that the photorespiration rate decreased in rice mapk2 mutants under normal growth conditions, without disturbing photosynthesis. Due to decreased photorespiration, the levels of some key photorespiratory metabolites, such as 2-phosphoglycolate, glycine, and glycerate, significantly decreased in mapk2 mutants, but those of photosynthetic metabolites were not altered. Transcriptome assays also revealed that the expression levels of some flux-controlling genes in photorespiration were significantly downregulated in mapk2 mutants. Our findings provide molecular evidence for the association between MAPK2 and photorespiration and suggest that MAPK2 regulates the key enzymes of photorespiration at both the transcriptional and posttranslational phosphorylation levels in rice.
Enhancing cell adhesive and antibacterial activities of glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone through Mg and Ag PIII
Authors: Tan Xin , Wang Zhongyi , Yang Xin , Yu Ping , Sun Manlin , Zhao Yuwei , Yu Haiyang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Glass-fibre-reinforced polyetherketoneketone (PEKK-GF) shows great potential for application as a dental implant restoration material; however, its surface bioinertness and poor antibacterial properties limit its integration with peri-implant soft tissue, which is critical in the long-term success of implant restoration. Herein, functional magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) ions were introduced into PEKK-GF by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). Surface characterization confirmed that the surface morphology of PEKK-GF was not visibly affected by PIII treatment. Further tests revealed that PIII changed the wettability and electrochemical environment of the PEKK-GF surface and enabled the release of Mg2+ and Ag+ modulated by Giavanni effect. In vitro experiments showed that Mg/Ag PIII-treated PEKK-GF promoted the proliferation and adhesion of human gingival fibroblasts and upregulated the expression of adhesion-related genes and proteins. In addition, the treated samples inhibited the metabolic viability and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis on their surfaces, distorting bacterial morphology. Mg/Ag PIII surface treatment improved the soft tissue integration and antibacterial activities of PEKK-GF, which will further support and broaden its adoption in dentistry.
Efficacy and safety of tonic motor activation (TOMAC) for medication-refractory restless legs syndrome: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bogan Richard K , Roy Asim , Kram Jerrold , Ojile Joseph , Rosenberg Russell , Hudson J Douglas , Scheuller H Samuel , Winkelman John W , Charlesworth Jonathan D 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Study Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety/tolerability of bilateral high-frequency tonic motor activation (TOMAC) in patients with medication-refractory restless legs syndrome (RLS).

Methods
RESTFUL was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial in adults with medication-refractory moderate-to-severe primary RLS. Participants were randomized 1:1 to active or sham TOMAC for a double-blind, 4-week stage 1 and all received active TOMAC during open-label, 4-week stage 2. The primary endpoint was the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) responder rate at the end of stage 1. Key secondary endpoints included change to International RLS Study Group (IRLS) total score from study entry to the end of stage 1.

Results
A total of 133 participants were enrolled. CGI-I responder rate at the end of stage 1 was significantly greater for the active versus sham group (45% vs. 16%; Difference = 28%; 95% CI 14% to 43%; p = .00011). At the end of stage 2, CGI-I responder rate further increased to 61% for the active group. IRLS change at the end of stage 1 improved for the active versus sham group (−7.2 vs. −3.8; difference = −3.4; 95% CI −1.4 to −5.4; p = .00093). There were no severe or serious device-related adverse events (AEs). The most common AEs were mild discomfort and mild administration site irritation which resolved rapidly and reduced in prevalence over time.

Conclusions
TOMAC was safe, well tolerated, and reduced symptoms of RLS in medication-refractory patients. TOMAC is a promising new treatment for this population.

Clinical Trial
Noninvasive Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Medication-Refractory Primary RLS (The RESTFUL Study); clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04874155; Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier number NCT04874155.
Engaging Victims of Child Sex Trafficking: Training for Child Welfare Workers
Authors: Harmon-Darrow Caroline , Rubenstein Amelia , Burruss-Cousins Karen , McTavish Gavin , Eisler Alexandra , Finigan-Carr Nadine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Child sex trafficking (CST) is the exploitation through commercial sex of a minor under 18. Federal law requires state child welfare agencies to respond and provide services to victims of CST. Social workers report lacking an understanding of state and federal law related to human trafficking, as well as resources for victims, and are often inadequately trained for identifying and serving survivors. As part of a CST awareness training including lecture, discussion, and game-based learning, child welfare workers were surveyed on their knowledge about CST and their self-efficacy in serving and engaging with survivors. Regression analyses showed that the training was associated with a positive change from pre- to posttest, on both knowledge (R2 = .472) and self-efficacy (R2 =.381), even when controlling for gender, race, experience, pretest knowledge, and position. Interactive trainings for child welfare workers on child trafficking survivor engagement that use a victim-centered, strengths-based lens are a promising practice.
Iron deficiency and sexual dysfunction in women
Authors: Serati Maurizio , Espuña-Pons Montserrat , Mouton-Puglisi Aurore , Padoa Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction negatively affects approximately 40% to 50% of adult women across various stages of life. Common risk factors include sexual traumas, relationship problems, chronic conditions, medication side effects, and poor physical health, including iron deficiency.

Objectives
This review summarizes a presentation from a symposium that discussed the types and causes of sexual dysfunction at key times in women’s lives, focusing on the relationship between iron deficiency and sexual dysfunction.

Methods
The symposium was held at the XV Annual European Urogynaecological Association Congress, Antibes, France, in October 2022. Symposium content was identified through literature searches of PubMed. Original research, review articles, and Cochrane analyses discussing sexual dysfunction in association with iron deficiency/anemia were included.

Results
Iron deficiency in women is commonly caused by abnormal uterine bleeding, but women may develop iron deficiency anemia (IDA) because of increased iron needs or reduced iron intake/absorption. Treatment with oral iron supplementation has been shown to improve sexual function in women with IDA. Ferrous sulphate is considered as a standard of care for oral iron treatment; prolonged-release iron formulations have improved tolerability, enabling lower doses and better tolerability.

Conclusion
IDA and sexual dysfunction are related, so the identification of sexual dysfunction or iron deficiency in a woman should prompt an investigation of the other condition. Testing for iron deficiency is an inexpensive and simple step that can be routinely included in the workup of women with sexual dysfunction. Once identified, IDA and sexual dysfunction in women should be treated and followed to optimize quality of life.
Genome Sequence Resource of Alternaria alternata DZ Causing Tobacco Brown Spot
Authors: Lu Yaoxiong , Xiao Zhipeng , Xiong Youming , Yan Jin , Chen Wu , Tang Qianjun , Zhang Jiahui , Xie Gang , Chen Tianyu , Liu Tianbo , Wang Yunsheng 
Published: July 2023

Alternaria alternata is an economically important pathogen that can cause severe plant diseases in various crops, such as citrus, pear, strawberry, and tobacco. Here, we report on the genome sequence of A. alternata DZ causing tobacco brown spot disease in most tobacco-producing areas. A total of 11 contigs, including 10 essential chromosomes and 1 mitochondria genome, were assembled by combining Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies. All 10 assembled chromosomes enabled detection of at least one of the telomeric terminal repeat sequences CCCTAA/TTAGGG. The assembled chromosomes were a total of 34.11 Mb in length with a GC content of 50.95%, whereas the mitochondrial genome was 50,595 bp in length with a GC content of 29.16%. We were unable to identify any evidence of conditionally dispensable chromosomes in the genome of A. alternata DZ, nor were we able to locate any ACT gene orthologs. This genome resource will provide valuable insights for comparative genomics research of the Alternaria genus and serve as a useful resource in investigations of plant-pathogen molecular interactions. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Impact of Trimetazidine on the Incident Heart Failure After Coronary Artery Revascularization
Authors: Park Sangwoo , Chang Junhyuk , Hong Seung-Pyo , Jin Eun-Sun , Kong Min Gyu , Choi Ha-Young , Kwon Seong Soon , Park Gyung-min , Park Rae Woong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Abnormal myocardial metabolism is a common pathophysiological process underlying ischemic heart disease and heart failure (HF). Trimetazidine is an antianginal agent with a unique mechanism of action that regulates myocardial energy metabolism and might have a beneficial effect in preventing HF in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. We aimed to evaluate the potential benefit of trimetazidine in preventing incident hospitalization for HF after myocardial revascularization. Using the common data model, we identified patients without prior HF undergoing myocardial revascularization from 8 hospital databases in Korea. To compare clinical outcomes using trimetazidine, database-level hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using large-scale propensity score matching for each database and pooled using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was incident hospitalization for HF. The secondary outcome of interest was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). After propensity score matching, 6724 and 11,211 patients were allocated to trimetazidine new-users and nonusers, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hospitalization for HF between the 2 groups (HR: 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–1.31; P = 0.46). The risk of MACE also did not differ between the 2 groups (HR: 1.07, 95% CI, 0.98–1.16; P = 0.15). In conclusion, the use of trimetazidine did not reduce the risk of hospitalization for HF or MACE in patients undergoing myocardial revascularization. Therefore, the role of trimetazidine in contemporary clinical practice cannot be expanded beyond its current role as an add-on treatment for symptomatic angina.
The existence of biliary intraepithelial neoplasia at resection margin is not a risk factor for recurrence of biliary tract cancer
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Koikawa Kazuhiro , Aoyagi Takeshi , Ogata Toshiro , Taniguchi Masahiko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Invasive carcinoma or dysplasia (biliary intraepithelial neoplasia [BilIN]) is often found in the surgical stumps of biliary tract cancer. We investigated whether the presence of BilIN at the surgical margin is a risk factor for recurrence.

Materials and Methods
Seventy-five consecutive patients who underwent curative resection for biliary tract cancer were included in this study. We retrospectively evaluated the surgical margin status (negative, BilIN, or positive) and analyzed the postoperative disease recurrence rate and recurrence pattern by the status.

Results
The disease-free survival rate was significantly worse in the positive margin group than in the negative margin group (11 vs 18 months, P = 0.027). There were no statistical differences between the BilIN-positive group and the other two groups. In the multivariate analysis, infiltrative growth c (hazard ratio [HR], 3.348; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.368–8.195; P = 0.008) and pathological exhumed margin (HR, 2.670; 95% CI, 1.097–6.495; P = 0.030) were independent recurrence factors. The margin status of BilIN was not associated with recurrence (HR, 0.867; 95% CI, 0.491–2.946; P = 0.687).

Conclusions
The BilIN component at the surgical margin was not associated with short-term recurrence, but the pathological exhumed margin positive and infiltrative growth c were. Infiltrative growth c may be a potential predictive factor for recurrence.
Periorbital Ecchymosis Post Closed Rhinoplasty: Natural History, Risk Factors, and Validation of a New Scoring System
Authors: Mizrachi Matti , Layous Eli , Dror Amiel A. , Yakir Orly , Bader Ahmad , Sela Eyal 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Postrhinoplasty periorbital ecchymosis is an inevitable side effect contributing to patients’ psychological aspect and early postoperative morbidity. Efforts are constantly being made to reduce ecchymosis using different methods with varying success. To evaluate treatment response, it is mandatory to have a reliable score. Several studies suggest other scoring systems, but none has been postrhinoplasty-specific, validated, and accepted. This study aimed to demonstrate the natural history of postrhinoplasty ecchymosis, find potential risk factors for worsening patterns, and suggest a useful and reliable periorbital ecchymosis scoring system for postrhinoplasty follow-up.

Methods:
This prospective study included 183 patients who underwent closed rhinoplasty by the same surgeon and the same principle method. Photographs of the periorbital ecchymosis were taken on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7. The periorbital area was divided into quarters, and three independent physicians assigned the dominant color of each quarter.

Results:
There were no significant variations between the three physicians’ scoring. The interobserver consistency defined as an excellent scoring system reliability, according to our statistical analysis. The postoperative ecchymosis demonstrated a consistent pattern of spread over time, dominating the medial quarters on early postoperative days 1 and 2, following into the lower lateral quarters in postoperative day 7. We found no correlation between patient demographics and clinical characteristics to ecchymosis patterns and temporal spread.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests a reliable and easy-to-use postrhinoplasty ecchymosis scoring system. This scoring method can be used for postrhinoplasty ecchymosis assessment and as a research-validated tool to quantify different perioperative treatments to reduce ecchymosis and estimate mid-face trauma.