bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric diverticulum: a contemporary review and update in management
Authors: Morris Paul David , Allaway Matthew G. R. , Mwagiru Derek Kamenju , Sinclair Jane‐Louise B. , Hollands Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastric diverticula (GD) are the rarest form of gastrointestinal tract diverticulum, with an estimated incidence of 0.013–2.6%. GD are poorly understood and there are no established management guidelines. Only sparse updates have been published since the mid‐20th century. This paper reviews the current literature and provides some suggested guidelines for the management of GD.MethodsA search of Medline via OvidSP and Google Scholar for ‘gastric diverticulum’ and associated synonyms from the year 1950 onwards was performed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort and case–control studies, and case series. Full text, English language manuscripts on adult populations were included.ResultsA total of 103 manuscripts were included in the final selection – 77 individual case studies, 23 case series and three reviews. No RCTs, cohort or case–control studies were found. The case studies represent 305 patients, 50.8% female with average age 49.2 years (range 18–80). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (48.2%). The average maximum diameter was 3.97 cm (range 0.5–9). One hundred and four patients were managed operatively. Despite persistent recommendations in the literature that GD > 4 cm should be considered for resection, there are no data supporting this approach.ConclusionThe evidence pertaining to the management of GD is sparse. The decision for operative management should be individualized and based primarily on the presence of symptoms or complications which may be directly attributable to the GD. Where surgery is indicated, a laparoscopic approach, potentially with intra‐operative gastroscopy, is appropriate.
First in human randomised trial of J2H‐1702: A novel 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis treatment
Authors: Kim Yun , Lee Shi‐Ra , Lee Sang Won 
Published: September 2023

SummaryBackground11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1), which is an enzyme that converts cortisone to cortisol, plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and inflammation. J2H‐1702 is a novel 11β‐HSD1 inhibitor, and the inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and prevent the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in preclinical models.AimsWe aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), safety, and tolerability of J2H‐1702 after a single‐dose oral administration.MethodsA randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose, dose‐escalation study was conducted on 50 healthy volunteers. Blood and urine samples were collected to assess the PK and PD of J2H‐1702.ResultsThe peak plasma concentration of J2H‐1702 was observed at 2–2.9 h after a single‐dose oral administration. J2H‐1702 reduced 11β‐HSD1 activity compared to the placebo at all dose levels. The drug reached its maximal inhibitory effect within 12–24 h post‐dose administration, and the inhibitory effect was maintained till 1 day after administration of the study drug. The drug showed typical first‐order elimination kinetics, with a mean elimination half‐life of 9.8–14.7 h. Systemic exposure to J2H‐1702 increased in a dose‐dependent manner. J2H‐1702 was well tolerated after a single oral administration of up to 300 mg. A total of 11 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in seven (14%) participants, all of which were mild and resolved spontaneously. The most common TEAE was diarrhoea (8%), followed by dizziness (4%).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that J2H‐1702 could be developed as an effective therapeutic option for NASH.
Self as a prior: The malleability of Bayesian multisensory integration to social salience
Authors: Scheller Meike , Fang Huilin , Sui Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur everyday perceptual experiences are grounded in the integration of information within and across our senses. Due to this direct behavioural relevance, cross‐modal integration retains a certain degree of contextual flexibility, even to social relevance. However, how social relevance modulates cross‐modal integration remains unclear. To investigate possible mechanisms, Experiment 1 tested the principles of audio‐visual integration for numerosity estimation by deriving a Bayesian optimal observer model with perceptual prior from empirical data to explain perceptual biases. Such perceptual priors may shift towards locations of high salience in the stimulus space. Our results showed that the tendency to over‐ or underestimate numerosity, expressed in the frequency and strength of fission and fusion illusions, depended on the actual event numerosity. Experiment 2 replicated the effects of social relevance on multisensory integration from Scheller & Sui, 2022 JEP:HPP, using a lower number of events, thereby favouring the opposite illusion through enhanced influences of the prior. In line with the idea that the self acts like a prior, the more frequently observed illusion (more malleable to prior influences) was modulated by self‐relevance. Our findings suggest that the self can influence perception by acting like a prior in cue integration, biasing perceptual estimates towards areas of high self‐relevance.
Accuracy of intraoral scan with prefabricated aids and stereophotogrammetry compared with open tray impressions for complete‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis: A clinical study
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Jiao , Liu Min , Liu Bei‐Lei , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Shi Jun‐Yu , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this clinical study was to compare the accuracy of intraoral scan system (IOS) with prefabricated aids and stereophotogrammetry (SPG) compared with open tray implant impression (OI) for complete‐arch implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (CIFDP).Materials and methodsPatients needing CIFDP were enrolled in this study. OI, reference standard, IOS with prefabricated aids, and SPG were performed for each patient. Distance and angle deviations between all pairs of abutment analogs, root mean square (RMS) errors between the aligned test and reference model, and chairside time were measured. The effect of inter‐abutment distance, jaw (maxilla or mandible), number of implants, and arch length on deviations was analyzed. The mixed effect model was applied to analyze deviations and RMS errors.ResultsFifteen consecutive individuals (6 females and 9 males, 47–77 years old) with 22 arches (9 upper and 13 lower jaws) and 115 implants were included. There was no significant difference in distance deviation comparing SPG and IOS with OI (p > .05). IOS showed a significantly greater angle deviation and RMS errors than SPG (median 0.40° vs. 0.31°, 69 μm vs. 45 μm, p < .01). The inter‐abutment distance was negatively correlated with the accuracy of SPG and IOS (p < .05). The chairside time for IOS, SPG, and OI was 10.49 ± 3.50, 14.71 ± 2.86, and 20.20 ± 3.01 min, respectively (p < .01).ConclusionsThe accuracy of SPG and IOS with prefabricated aids was comparable. IOS was the most efficient workflow.
Influenza vaccine contracts in developing nations—Coordination, flexibility, and vaccine coverage
Authors: Joshi Raunak , Basu Sumanta , Rosales Claudia , Adhikari Arnab 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study different contract mechanisms between a vaccine manufacturer (VM) and a vaccine procurement agency (VPA) to coordinate the two‐peak influenza vaccine supply chain. Motivated by the prevalent industry contracts, we study two hybrid contracts under budget constraints, which allow flexibility in deciding the contractual parameters between the VM and the VPA. We consider the case of both private (for‐profit) and public (not‐for‐profit) VPA and the impact of different objectives, such as profit and vaccine coverage, on contract choice. We show that for public VPAs or for private VPAs with low available budget, both hybrid contracts are equally preferred by VM and VPA. However, under high budget, the preferences of VPA and VM will differ. We then extend our models to consider the case of both private and public VPA coexisting in the market under both budget and vaccine availability constraints. Contrary to intuition, we find that the vaccine coverage provided by the public VPA is not always higher than the vaccine coverage provided by the private VPA, with the private VPA providing greater vaccine coverage under conditions of low budget and low vaccine availability. Our findings have important policy implications for governments of emerging economies with limited budget for mass vaccination programs.
Statistical learning and children's emergent literacy in rural Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Hannon Joelle , Hu Anqi , Kouadio Aya Élise , Akpé Hermann , Tanoh Fabrice , Wang Madeleine , Qi Zhenghan , Jasińska Kaja 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies of non‐linguistic statistical learning (SL) have often linked performance in SL tasks with differences in language outcomes. Most of these studies have focused on Western and high‐income educational contexts, but children worldwide learn in radically different educational systems and communities, and often in a second language. In the west African nation of Côte d'Ivoire, children enter fifth grade (CM‐1) with widely varying ages and literacy skills. Across three iteratively‐developed experiments, 157 children, age 8–15 years, in rural communities in the greater‐Adzópe region of Côte d'Ivoire watched sequences of cartoon images with embedded triplet patterns on touchscreen tablets, while performing a target‐detection task. We assessed these tablet‐based adaptations of non‐linguistic visual SL and asked whether the children's individual differences in performance on the SL tasks were related to their first and second language and literacy skills. We found group‐level evidence that children used the statistical regularities in the image sequence to gradually decrease their response times, but their responses on post‐test discrimination did not reflect this learning. When evaluating the correlation between SL and language skills, individual differences related to other task demands predicted oral language skills shared by first and second languages, while SL better predicted second language print skills. These findings suggest that non‐linguistic SL paradigms can measure similar skills in Ivorian children as previous samples, but they also echo recent calls for further cross‐cultural validation, greater internal reliability, and tests for confounding variables (such as processing speed) in studies of individual differences in statistical learning.Research Highlights
We iteratively adapted three visual statistical learning studies for children in rural Côte d'Ivoire.
Group‐level analyses indicates that the children learn the underlying statistical regularities.
Individual‐differences analyses reveal some evidence that the statistical learning measure is also correlated with task demands that may be driven by cross‐cultural differences.
Like previous research, statistical learning is correlated with second language literacy, but we did not find a relationship between SL and oral language skills in first and second languages.
The effects of warm and cold periods on resource depletion and emergence synchrony in diapausing Hypena opulenta: Implications for biological control of invasive swallow‐worts in North America
Authors: Jones Ian M. , Seehausen M. Lukas , Smith Sandy M. , Bourchier Robert S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTemperature plays an important role in winter diapause of temperate insects. Its effects can cause problems for biological control programs, both for the establishment of insects in novel climates and for the mass rearing of insects in the laboratory. Hypena opulenta (Christoph) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a biological control agent for invasive swallow‐wort species in North America, has been observed to enter diapause in mid‐summer in its introduced range. Additionally, H. opulenta has proved complicated to mass‐rear, in part because individuals sometimes enter diapause unexpectedly, meaning that diapausing pupae may need to be stored over winter for varying lengths of time. We conducted pupal storage experiments to determine the effects of high pre‐winter temperatures, like those experienced by early diapausing individuals in the field, on lipid store depletion. We conducted a second experiment to compare the effects of cold treatments of different lengths (1, 3, and 6 months), during diapause, on pupal mortality, development times, and the synchrony of adult emergence. Exposure to warm periods ranging from 25 to 75 days during early diapause did not affect pupal weight, adult emergence rates, or lipid store depletion in H. opulenta. Conversely, the length of cold exposure (between 1 and 6 months) during diapause clearly affected moth mortality, and the timing and consistency of adult emergence. Longer cold periods (3 and 6 months) resulted in earlier, more synchronous adult emergence, and lower diapause mortality, than shorter cold periods (1 month). Our results indicate that in terms of energy depletion, early diapause will not affect the fitness of emerging adults, which is important for the viability of univoltine populations in the southernmost part of the introduced range. Additionally, our results will assist with the H. opulenta mass rearing program, indicating the timing required to synchronize adult emergence.
Recent developments and future trends in fatigue life assessment of additively manufactured metals with particular emphasis on machine learning modeling
Authors: Zhan Zhixin , He Xiaofan , Tang Dingcheng , Dang Linwei , Li Ao , Xia Qianyu , Berto Filippo , Li Hua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a very promising technology for producing complex metallic components with enhanced design flexibility. However, the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of AM metals differ significantly from conventionally manufactured materials, thereby presenting challenges in accurately predicting their fatigue life. This study provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and future trends in fatigue life prediction of AM metals, with a particular emphasis on machine learning (ML) modeling techniques. This review recalls recent developments and achievements in fatigue characteristics of AM metals, ML‐based approaches for fatigue life prediction of AM metals, and non‐ML‐based methodologies for the same purpose. In particular, some commonly used regression and classification techniques for fatigue evaluation of AM metals are summarized and elaborated. The study intends to furnish researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of AM with a guidance for the accurate and efficient prediction of fatigue life in AM metal components.
The presence and absence of race in world language education literature
Authors: Daniel Bethany 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWorld language (WL) education has the potential to shift perspectives toward equity. To accomplish this, the field must consider how it is situated within societal systems that perpetuate racial inequity. This systematic historical analysis of literature examined how the termraceand related terms appeared historically in a set of primary journals in WL education. Drawing on literature from race and critical whiteness studies, the article presents a conceptual framework used to analyze articles that referenced race‐related terms in the publication histories of 11 WL journals. Using textual content and thematic analysis, the articles illuminated ways in which systemic whiteness operates in WL education. Findings suggest that individual actions and coordinated efforts to shift policies and practice may help the field move toward greater racial equity.
Land use decouples parasite–metazoan host biodiversity associations in soils across subtropical and temperate zones in China
Authors: Li Zhi‐Peng , Geisen Stefan , Shangguan Hua‐Yuan , Tiunov Alexei V. , Scheu Stefan , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Sun Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimSoils harbour a large number of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of metazoans, particularly Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan distribution, their associations with hosts, and impacts of human‐dominated land use are little studied. We aimed to fill this gap by a biodiversity survey across large spatial scales.LocationChina.Time periodMay to September 2021.Major taxa studiedSoil Apicomplexa and MetazoaMethodsWe used metabarcoding to investigate the biogeography of and links between Apicomplexa and soil Metazoa in three human‐dominated ecosystem types (farmlands, residential areas and parks) and more natural forest ecosystems across subtropical, warm‐temperate and mid‐temperate climatic regions in China.ResultsHuman‐dominated land use indirectly reduced apicomplexan taxon richness by reducing metazoan taxon richness. However, the richness reduction of parasites was generally more pronounced in subtropical and mid‐temperate regions than in the warm‐temperate region. Mechanisms driving the richness reduction of parasites also differed between climatic regions, with the reduction in the subtropical region less related to the decrease in metazoan richness than in the mid‐temperate region. Human‐dominated ecosystems reduced richness associations between parasites and Metazoa, and this disrupted the cascading effect of climatic factors from metazoan to parasite communities. Moreover, co‐occurrence analyses showed that metazoan taxa more abundant in human‐dominated land‐use systems with dryer and hotter conditions were less likely associated with apicomplexan taxa.Main conclusionsWe conclude that decreased host taxon richness is an important, but not the only driver of reduced parasite taxon richness in soil systems. Apicomplexan richness was largely decoupled from metazoan richness in human‐dominated ecosystems, which emphasizes the important role of human activities in rewiring fundamental ecological patterns with global change. Overall, the results advance our understanding of principle characteristics of and interactions in soil communities, and their response to human activities, especially agriculture and urbanization.
Topography, sedimentology, and biochronology of carbonate deposits on seamounts in the JA area, northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Iryu Yasufumi , Hino Hikari , Takayanagi Hideko , Sato Tokiyuki , Okamoto Nobuyuki , Suzuki Akiko , Fujimaki Yuho , Usui Akira 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSedimentological and biochronological analyses were undertaken on carbonate deposits from 20 seamounts belonging to the Marcus–Wake Seamount Group, the Magellan Seamounts, and the Marshall Islands Seamounts in the JA area, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Deposition of carbonates on the JA seamounts varied markedly with age. The oldest carbonate deposits are Lower to middle Cretaceous shallow‐water limestones containing mollusks (including rudists), scleractinian corals, and calcareous sponges. Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene carbonates are rare, and no Oligocene carbonates may exist. In contrast, Eocene foraminiferal packstones are widespread, and Miocene–Pleistocene foraminiferal ooze covers the JA seamounts. The limited occurrence of Paleogene carbonate deposits on the JA seamounts is consistent with global observations (i.e., a paucity of Paleogene carbonates). The Cretaceous–Eocene carbonates have been phosphatized, whereas Miocene and later limestones have not. This fact, along with the results of previous studies, suggests that carbonate rocks on seamounts were phosphatized globally during the Oligocene. Upwelling of nutrient‐rich bottom waters during this time is likely responsible for the limited occurrence of Oligocene carbonate rocks on the JA seamounts. The thicknesses of the pelagic caps, which consist mainly of Miocene and younger foraminiferal oozes, varies among the seamounts and depends at least partly on the topography of the top of the seamount.
Perceptions on dynamics and mobilities in the Triple Border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay
Authors: Zsögön Maria Cecilia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on border dynamics, mobilities and migration. It focuses on the perceptions around these categories in the Triple Border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, also known as tri‐border area or triple frontier. This region is characterized by contrasting elements, including poverty, inequality and abundant natural resources, as well as a significant flow of people and goods, which may not always conform to legal frameworks. We combine the ethnographic approach with a broader regional perspective, necessary to contextualize the strategies implemented by local population in order to capitalize on the presence of the international frontiers. Finally, we discuss the limitations of public policies that fail to reach those living in the material and symbolic borders of society.
The therapeutic relationship from the perspective of patients and nurses in the first days of admission: A cross‐sectional study in acute mental health units
Authors: El‐Abidi Khadija , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Cañabate‐Ros Montserrat , Garcia‐Sanchez Juan A. , Lluch‐Canut M. Teresa , Muñoz‐Ruoco Estibaliz , Pérez‐Moreno Juan J. , Pita‐De‐La‐Vega Javier , Puig‐Llobet Montserrat , Rubia‐Ruiz Gemma , Santos‐Pariente Carolina , López Ana Maria Rodríguez , Golmar Laura Jardón , López Cristina Esquinas , Roldán‐Merino Juan F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe therapeutic relationship (TR) is essential in mental health nursing care and plays a fundamental role in the understanding and treatment of the patient's health status. Despite being a bidirectional construct, limited evidence is available to shed light on this issue in mental health units and even less so in the first days of admission. This study aimed to examine the association and differences between nurses' and patients' perspectives on the establishment of the therapeutic relationship in acute mental health units during the first days of hospitalization. A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 12 Spanish mental health units. Data were collected from patients and nurses using the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short (WAI‐S) questionnaire. A total of 234 cases were analysed, including 234 patients and 58 nurses. The results showed a positive association between nurses' and patients' perspectives on the therapeutic relationship, but also revealed significant differences on each WAI‐S dimension. Nurses assigned higher scores compared to patients on the perception of the quality of the therapeutic relationship. The dimensions with the greatest weight from the patients' perspective regarding the quality of the therapeutic relationship were the perception of greater agreement on goals and tasks among nurses. This study demonstrates the importance of establishing shared goals and tasks with nurses from the first days of hospitalization to improve the quality of the therapeutic relationship as perceived by patients. These findings underline the need to consider the different perspectives of both parties to promote a high‐quality therapeutic relationship.