bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous pentagraphene nanotube halogen gas sensor: a first principles study
Authors: Shah Khurshed A , Parvaiz M Shunaid , Dar G N 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The recent technological revolution in nanoscience has created a huge potential to build highly sensitive, low-cost and power efficient portable sensors. Here, we have investigated the novel nano-porous penta-graphene nanotube (PGNT) device for detection and separation of halogen gases like fluorine (F2), chlorine (Cl2), bromine (Br2) and iodine (I2). The host carbon atoms are selectively removed to create the nanopores on the tube surface. 1, 2, 3 and 4 host carbon atoms are removed from the surface to create vacancies which were then investigated for detection and separation of halogen gases using functionalisation of pore edges. The I-V measurements were performed to establish the gas detection application of these novel porous structures. Furthermore, interaction energy graphs were obtained which show efficient separation of various halogen molecules by functionalising the pores with F2, Cl2 and H atoms.
An investigation into the effects of prosthesis relevant surfaces on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms
Authors: Jackson C , Bills P , Allen C , Humphreys P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects prosthesis relevant surfaces and finishes have on the formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms, the leading causative pathogenic bacteria of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Microbiological biofilm analysis was conducted to quantify S. aureus biofilm growth on prosthesis relevant surface coatings and finishes. Through the use of a CDC Biofilm Reactor (CDC-BR), biofilms were grown under constant shear conditions on three different titanium surface finishes, including Plasma Spray (PS), Grit Blasted (GB) and an As-fabricated (AF) surface used for comparative and control purposes. Advanced metrological techniques were applied to characterise each surface. This advanced approach to surface characterisation, including functional volume parameters has been carried out to provide a detailed quantifiable description of the surface and one that better relates to the nature of growth upon a surface. Results show that the PS surface exhibits a significant increase in biofilm growth in comparison to the GB and AF surfaces, with the AF surface showing the lowest amount of biofilm growth. Additionally, the morphology of the features of the PS coating allows for the biofilm accumulation to flourish in the re-entrant features across its topography. These findings highlight the difficulties of biofilm eradication and further complicate the design process of prosthetics, where features implemented to promote osseointegration simultaneously offer favourable locations for bacterial cell attachment and subsequent biofilm development, leading potentially, to PJI. There is a general consensus throughout literature regarding an apparent trend between an increase in Sa and an increase in biofilm formation (Zheng et al 2021 Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
9 643722; Bridgens et al 2015 Surface and Coatings Technology
284; James et al 2019 Aesthetic Plast. Surg.
43 490–497). This study has shown that whilst this may generally be the case, the location of this surface area increase within the topography may be a more important observation.
Classification of electrocardiogram signals using deep learning based on genetic algorithm feature extraction
Authors: Khezripour Hossein , Mozaffari Saadat Pour , Reshadi Midia , Zarrabi Houman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Arrhythmias using electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is important in medical and computer research due to the timely diagnosis of dangerous cardiac conditions. The current study used the ECG to classify cardiac signals into normal heartbeats, congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation arrhythmias, atrial flutter, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, and premature atrial fibrillation. A deep learning algorithm was used to identify and diagnose cardiac arrhythmias. We proposed a new ECG signal classification method to increase signal classification sensitivity. We smoothed the ECG signal with noise removal filters. A discrete wavelet transform based on an arrhythmic database was applied to extract ECG features. Feature vectors were obtained based on wavelet decomposition energy properties and calculated values of PQRS morphological features. We used the genetic algorithm to reduce the feature vector and determine the input layer weights of the artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). Proposed methods for classifying ECG signals were in different classes of rhythm to diagnose heart rhythm diseases. Training data was with 80% of the data set and test data was with 20% for the whole data set. The learning accuracy for the results of training and test data in the ANN classifier was calculated as 99.9% and 88.92% and in ANFIS as 99.8% and 88.83% respectively. Based on these results, good accuracy was observed.
A tug of war between centralization and decentralization: the co-evolution of urban governance and water risks in Guwahati, India
Authors: Fanaian Safa , Fanaian Farnoosh 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Intermediate cities in Asia and Africa house more than 60% of the world’s urban population. More than 54% of the people here face high levels of water stress and are increasingly vulnerable to water-related risks such as floods, limited access to safe drinking water and water pollution. These urban water risks are complex outcomes of climate change, land use changes, governance failures, and social inequities. This study examines the co-evolution of three water risks and governance responses through the case of Guwahati, India. Guwahati, on the Brahmaputra River in the Northeast of India, serves as a case of an intermediate city to demonstrate changes in water risk governance trends. We focus on studying the connected governance responses to changes in three interrelated water risks, i.e., domestic water supply, urban floods, and river pollution. The shifts in the socio-political structures for these risks are assessed by combining historical institutionalism with multi-level perspective theory. The results show that despite the growing diversity of actors and devolution of responsibilities in cities to mitigate water risks, there is an ongoing tug-of-war between centralized and decentralized modes of decision-making. Contrary to the recommendations for decentralized urban governance, the trend is currently tugging towards a centralized decision-making mode. However, when differences arise between the local and national, local actors within their limited frames of action manage to circumnavigate nationally dictated mandates to fit local needs.
Implication of blanket NPK application on nutrient balance of maize based on soil and tissue diagnosis approaches in the savannas of northern Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu Kamaluddin T , Kamara Alpha Y , Huising Jeroen , Adam Adam M , Shehu Bello M , Jibrin Jibrin M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Improper nutrient management reduces the yield and affects the nutrient status of crops. This study aimed to diagnose the nutrients limitation in maize. A three-year multi-location (348 sites) nutrient experiments were conducted in randomized block design to analyse nutrients limitation for maize production under conventional fertilizer recommendation system in Nigeria using DRIS, and to identify soil factors that influence DRIS indices using random forest model. DRIS indices for nutrients were calculated from the results of ear leaf samples collected from the experimental plots. The DRIS indices were summed, and used to cluster plots using k-means cluster algorithm. The results show large differences in average yield between the clusters. The clusters also differed based on frequency with which nutrients are most limiting. B was the most limiting in cluster one and three, Mn in cluster two and K in cluster four. Random forest results show that soil pH, B and Mg had the largest influence on DRIS indices in cluster one. DRIS indices were most influenced by soil N and B in cluster two. To a lesser extent, the soil Fe, K, Mg and S contents also influenced DRIS indices in cluster two. Soil K, B and Zn were the most significant factors influencing the DRIS indices in cluster four. Bulk Density, Fe, Na, ECEC, and organic carbon had a moderate influence on the indices in this cluster. Nutrient limitation in plants can be diagnose using the DRIS. Soil properties have a definite influence on maize nutrient status.
Effect of silver (Ag) doping on structural, optical and antimicrobial properties of copper oxide (CuO) nanostructures
Authors: Vikal Sagar , Gautam Yogendra K , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Ajay , Singh Neetu , Singh Hempal , Singh Beer Pal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present report investigates the effect of Ag doping on the structural, optical, and antimicrobial properties of CuO nanoparticles (NPs). CuO NPs were produced at optimized reaction conditions via hydrothermal synthesis. XRD study reveals a decrease in crystallite size with increased in Ag doping (2–6 wt %) in CuO. Ag-doped CuO NPs shows lower band gap values than undoped CuO NPs. FESEM analysis displays pure CuO NPs with spherical pellet-like structures, while Ag-doped CuO NPs have mixed morphologies, i.e., spherical, disc-like, and irregular shapes. EDX spectra confirm the purity of synthesized CuO NPs. Further, the antimicrobial properties of CuO nanostructures were studied against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. CuO NPs functionalized with Ag dopant exhibit significant antibacterial potentials. The antibacterial activity of CuO NPs increased with increasing dopant concentration and in a dose-dependent manner. The gram positive (+ve) E. faecalis is more sensitive to the Ag-doped CuO NPs treatment than a gram negative (–ve) E. coli. Overall this study demonstrates a facile route of synthesizing Ag-doped CuO NPs that can materialize into effective broad-spectrum bactericidal agents.
Quartet Fiduccia–Mattheyses revisited for larger phylogenetic studies
Authors: Mim Sharmin Akter , Zarif-Ul-Alam Md , Reaz Rezwana , Bayzid Md Shamsuzzoha , Rahman Mohammad Saifur 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationWith the recent breakthroughs in sequencing technology, phylogeny estimation at a larger scale has become a huge opportunity. For accurate estimation of large-scale phylogeny, substantial endeavor is being devoted in introducing new algorithms or upgrading current approaches. In this work, we endeavor to improve the Quartet Fiduccia and Mattheyses (QFM) algorithm to resolve phylogenetic trees of better quality with better running time. QFM was already being appreciated by researchers for its good tree quality, but fell short in larger phylogenomic studies due to its excessively slow running time.ResultsWe have re-designed QFM so that it can amalgamate millions of quartets over thousands of taxa into a species tree with a great level of accuracy within a short amount of time. Named “QFM Fast and Improved (QFM-FI)”, our version is 20 000× faster than the previous version and 400× faster than the widely used variant of QFM implemented in PAUP* on larger datasets. We have also provided a theoretical analysis of the running time and memory requirements of QFM-FI. We have conducted a comparative study of QFM-FI with other state-of-the-art phylogeny reconstruction methods, such as QFM, QMC, wQMC, wQFM, and ASTRAL, on simulated as well as real biological datasets. Our results show that QFM-FI improves on the running time and tree quality of QFM and produces trees that are comparable with state-of-the-art methods.Availability and implementationQFM-FI is open source and available at https://github.com/sharmin-mim/qfm_java.
Role of glycosylation in breast cancer progression and metastasis: implications for miRNA, EMT and multidrug resistance
Authors: Gupta Rohitesh , Ponangi Rohan , Indresh Kuppanur G 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of death in women, globally. A variety of biological processes results in metastasis, a poorly understood pathological phenomenon, causing a high relapse rate. Glycosylation, microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), have been shown to regulate this cascade where tumor cells detach from their primary site, enter the circulatory system and colonize distant sites. Integrated proteomics and glycomics approaches have been developed to probe the molecular mechanism regulating such metastasis. In this review, we describe specific aspects of glycosylation and its interrelation with miRNAs, EMT and multidrug resistance during BC progression and metastasis. We explore various approaches that determine the role of proteomes and glycosylation in BC diagnosis, therapy and drug discovery.
A Research Agenda for Criminal Justice Involvement Among U.S. Veterans
Authors: Tsai Jack , Kelton Katherine , Blonigen Daniel M , Keith Mcinnes D , Sean Clark  , Blue-Howells Jessica , Hooshyar Dina 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A substantial proportion of adults in the U.S. criminal justice system are military veterans. Justice-involved veterans are of particular public concern given their service to the country and the high rates of health and social problems in the general veteran population. This article describes the development of a national research agenda for justice-involved veterans.

Materials and Methods
In the summer of 2022, the VA National Center on Homelessness among Veterans in partnership with the VA Veterans Justice Programs Office convened a national group of subject matter experts and stakeholders across three listening sessions that included 40-63 attendees per session. These sessions were recorded, and transcriptions of all sessions and chats were synthesized to generate a preliminary list of 41 agenda items. The Delphi method involving two rounds of ratings from subject matter experts was used to develop consensus.

Results
The final research agenda consists of 22 items covering five domains: Epidemiology and knowledge of the population, treatment and services, systems and systems interface, methodology and research resources, and policies.

Conclusions
The intent of sharing this research agenda is to spur stakeholders to conduct, collaborate, and support further study in these areas.
High-throughput transcriptome sequencing reveals the protective role of adenosine receptor-related genes in paraquat-exposed Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ma Lingmei , Ling Chunyan , Hu Shuning , Ye Sudan , Chen Chun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study sought to identify the genes associated with adenosine’s protective action against paraquat (PQ)-induced oxidative stress via the adenosine receptor (ADOR-1) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The C. elegans was divided into 3 groups—2 groups exposed to PQ, one in presence, and one in absence of adenosine—and a control group that was not treated. Each group’s total RNA was extracted and sequenced. When the transcriptomes of these groups were analyzed, several genes were found to be differently expressed. These differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in adenosine-response biological processes and pathways, including gene ontology terms related to neuropeptide and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways associated to cAMP pathway regulator activity. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR confirmed that G-protein-coupled receptors signaling pathway involving dop-1, egl-30, unc-13, kin-1, and goa-1 genes may play crucial roles in modulating adenosine’s protective action. Interestingly, there are no significant variations in the expression of the ador-1 gene across the 3 treatments, thereby indicating that adenosine receptor exerts a consistent and stable influence on its related pathways irrespective of the presence or absence of PQ. Furthermore, the wild-type group with ador-1 gene has higher survival rate than that of the ador-1−/RNA interference group while treated with PQ in the presence of adenosine. Conclusively, our study uncovered a number of novel PQ-response genes and adenosine receptor-related genes in C. elegans, which may function as major regulators of PQ-induced oxidative stress and indicate the possible protective effects of adenosine.
Elevated level of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Hu Hongyu , Li Jingjin , Wei Xin , Zhang Jia , Wang Jiayu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
The relationship between the elevation of cardiac troponin and the increase of mortality and hospitalization rate in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is clear. This study investigated the association between the extent of elevated levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and the prognosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients.

Methods:
A retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled 470 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction from September 2014 to August 2017. According to the level of hs-cTnI, the patients were divided into the elevated level group (hs-cTnI >0.034 ng/mL in male and hs-cTnI >0.016 ng/mL in female) and the normal level group. All of the patients were followed up once every 6 months. Adverse cardiovascular events were cardiogenic death and heart failure hospitalization.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 36.2 ± 7.9 months. There was a statistically significant higher in cardiogenic mortality (18.6% [26/140] vs. 1.5% [5/330], P <0.001) and heart failure (HF) hospitalization rate (74.3% [104/140] vs. 43.6% [144/330], P <0.001) in the elevated level group. The Cox regression analysis showed that the elevated level of hs-cTnI was a predictor of cardiogenic death (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.578, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.995–10.386, P <0.001) and HF hospitalization (HR: 3.254, 95% CI: 2.698–3.923, P <0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrated that a sensitivity of 72.6% and specificity of 88.8% for correct prediction of adverse cardiovascular events when a level of hs-cTnI of 0.1305 ng/mL in male and a sensitivity of 70.6% and specificity of 90.2% when a level of hs-cTnI of 0.0755 ng/mL in female were used as the cut-off value.

Conclusion:
Significant elevation of hs-cTnI (≥0.1305 ng/mL in male and ≥0.0755 ng/mL in female) is an effective indicator of the increased risk of cardiogenic death and HF hospitalization in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients.
Miniaturizing the approach to upper tract renal calculi: Is smaller always better? A narrative review
Authors: Da Silva Ferreira Daniel , Bhattu Amit Satish , Adam Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Newer modalities for treating upper tract urinary stones focus on maintaining and improving outcomes, reducing complications, and optimizing patient care. This narrative review aims to outline novel miniaturized endourological innovations for managing upper tract calculi.
Role of Novel Motorized Enteroscopy in the Evaluation of Small Bowel Diseases
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Samanta Jayanta , Chavan Radhika , Dhar Jahnvi , Hussain Sabir , Singh Aniruddha Pratap , Rughwani Hardik , Reddy D.Nageshwar 
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim:
Motorized spiral enteroscopy (MSE) has recently been introduced for small bowel evaluation. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MSE for evaluation of small bowel diseases.

Methods:
A literature search was performed in Embase, PubMed, Medline databases for studies evaluating MSE between January -2010 and October-2022. The primary outcome of the study was diagnostic yield with MSE. Secondary outcomes included technical success, procedure duration, depth of maximum insertion (DMI), rate of pan-enteroscopy and adverse events.

Results:
10 studies with 961 patients [581 (60.5%) males] were included in the analysis. 1068 MSE procedures were performed by antegrade route in 698, retrograde route in 215 and bidirectional in 155 patients. Technical success was achieved in 94.9% (95% CI 92.9% to 96.4%) procedures. The pooled diagnostic yield of MSE was 73.7% (95% CI 70.7% to 76.4%). Pooled rate of pan-enteroscopy by antegrade route was 21.9% (95% CI 18.1% to 26.1%), retrograde route was 6.9% (95% CI 2.4% to 18.3%) and combined route was 61.2% (95% CI 52.4% to 69.3%). Pooled rate of major adverse events was 1.9% (95% CI 1.2% to 3.2%).

Conclusions:
MSE is a safe and effective tool for evaluating small bowel disorders. High diagnostic yield and low rate of adverse events make it a potential alternative to balloon enteroscopy. However, comparative trials are required in the future.
Tolerability and efficacy of a semi-elemental formula to enterally fed patients in long-term care facilities
Authors: Taniguchi Hideki , Kawamitsu Tomihiro , Suzuki Motoharu , Abe Nobue , Hino Hajime , Matsushita Yuka , Shi Kenrei , Otsubo Yuriko , Matsubara Takeshi , Koyama Takahiro , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Miyaji Kazuhiro 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
The semi-elemental formula EDPAC-01 was administered to tube-fed patients in a clinical setting. Herein, this study aimed to evaluate its tolerability and efficacy.

Methods:
After a 2-week baseline period, the ongoing nutrition formula of tube-fed patients in long-term care was switched to EDPAC-01, which was administered for 4 weeks following the same energy intake. Tolerability was evaluated in terms of gastrointestinal symptoms, bowel movement, number of days with fever, adverse events, and side effects. Efficacy was evaluated in terms of body weight, serum albumin level, and transthyretin, formerly called prealbumin, level. An exploratory analysis on several laboratory test values was also performed.

Results:
The study included 13 participants. No serious severe adverse events were reported. The blood glucose level increased in one participant as a side effect, but was mild in severity and did not require treatment. No significant change was observed in any investigated measurement other than the transthyretin level. The transthyretin level was below the reference range in the baseline period (19.32 ± 5.53 mg/dL), but increased on week 2 of the feeding period (21.49 ± 5.88 mg/dL) and eventually reached the reference range by week 4 of the feeding period (22.74 ± 8.75 mg/dL). The exploratory analysis revealed a significant increase in total lymphocyte count and a significant decrease in urea nitrogen, triglyceride, and alkaline phosphatase levels.

Conclusions:
The semi-elemental formula EDPAC-01 is safe to use and potentially improves the nutritional status in tube-fed patients in long-term care.