bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lab-Scale Physical Modelling of Common Drainage Inlets for Better Management of Runoff from Road Surfaces
Authors: Mamun A A , Mahmud T M N T , Ibrahim S L , Masbah D I , Daud J I , Khan N K E M Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Management of excess water from the pavements and road surfaces, due to rainfall, is not only important for the safety of the traffic but also important for the long life of the road structures. Drainage inlets improperly designed or constructed may lead to an unsafe depth of stormwater on the road surfaces leading to hydroplaning, which may cause the skidding of the vehicles and an increased number of road accidents. As such, the hydraulic behaviour of the most common road drainage inlets was investigated using lab-scale models and the findings are reported in this paper. A rainfall-runoff simulator was used to produce rain of various intensities on the lab-scale roadside drainage system. The main intention was to study the effect of rainfall on the commonly used circular, rectangular, and grated inlets. Rainfall intensity, inflow, water depth on the model road surface, and outflow rates through the inlets were monitored. Experimental results indicated that open rectangular inlets are the best compared to circular and grated inlets, with regards to quickly releasing water from the road surface to the roadside drains. Based on the lab-scale model study, the grated and circular inlets held 64 % and 28% more runoff depth (respectively) on the road surface, compared to that the rectangular inlet. For the same rainfall intensity, a rectangular roadside inlet was found to cause less stagnant water on the road surface.
Parametric study of embankment stabilization by pile reinforcement
Authors: Khor Z P , Lee M L , Wong S Y , Mohamed A A , Lau T L 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Stabilising piles have been proven as an effective slope stabilization approach. This study aims to investigate the optimal location of stabilising pile for an embankment slope with a surcharge loading at crest. A series of finite element analyses were performed to determine the optimal location of the pile with considerations of varying slope gradients. An additional analysis was performed to compare the factor of safety computed from the present 2D analysis with the previous 3D analysis. The results showed that the introduction of the stabilising pile could effectively minimise the deformed soil mass and slip surface, with the greatest improvement recorded for the embankment of 1.5V:1H gradient. The optimal pile location was found to be at the middle of the slope. The pile influence zone (Wpile
) obtained from the present numerical study showed reasonably good agreement with previous results of centrifuge experiments. Based on the comparison of factor of safety computed from the present 2D analysis with a previous 3D analysis, the 2D analysis generally yielded a more conservative FOS (about 20% lower) than the more rigorous 3D analysis because of the absence of soil arching effect. As conclusions, it is recommended to install piles at the middle of slope to yield the most favourable slope stabilization effect. A simple 2D analysis can be used to analyse the problem of pile stabilised embankment with a slightly more conservative FOS was expected than the rigorous 3D analysis.
Full-scale Field Test Extraction of Natural Frequency and Acceleration of Bridge using Modal Test and Operational Modal Analysis
Authors: Kamal Wan Ikram Wajdee Wan Ahmad , Ibrahim Izni Syahrizal , Padil Khairul Hazman , Umar Sarehati , Lee Han-Seung , Singh Jitendra Kumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Vibration in bridges occurred due to several factors such as structural design, environmental loadings, and loading characteristics (speed parameter, loading patterns, and configuration of axles). If this problem is prolonged for several years, this may lead to stages of failure such as structural cracking, fatigue on structural members, excessive deformation, and local stress concentration on structural connections. In response to this issue, an investigation was carried out in this study by utilising numerical modelling of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to explore the effect of the Intermediate Diaphragm (ID) on the RC bridge deck. The FEA is then validated and confirmed from the full-scale field-test, which consists of a modal test for both frequency and mode shape comparisons, and operational modal analysis for extraction of deck acceleration. The results show that the current natural frequency of the bridge does not reach the minimum frequency requirement from the BS5400 Code of Practice, while the acceleration based on a 24-tonnes moving truck is within the allowable acceleration limit. In comparison, frequency, mode shape and acceleration between the FEA numerical analysis and field test had shown insignificant differences and minimum error between the two.
Relationship of Suspended Atmospheric Microplastics and Meteorological Parameters in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Hasnatul A H , Azman Nur Fazreen , NorRuwaida J , Dewika M , Sara Y Y 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Microplastic has been an interesting topic since years ago, but majority only focus on the relation between microplastics and ocean or aquatic life, therefore, the information regarding the suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) is still limited to date. Microplastics are small particles within the size of 1μm-5mm and composes of different elements. Be it marine life or airborne pathways, microplastic has become one of the major concerns among environmental researchers around the world and microplastic pollution can be expected to stay for a very long time, as plastics production keep increasing, year by year. In this regard, this study evaluates the physical characteristics of atmospheric microplastics and the relationship between its emission and meteorological data. The atmospheric microplastics were collected using a High-Volume Sampler in which the sampler was placed on a rooftop at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for three months. The physical characteristics of microplastics were categorized by shape, colors and size using spectro-microscopy microscope. The correlation between the characteristics with environmental parameters such as rainfall, wind speed, mean temperature, and relative humidity were then evaluated. The estimated daily intake of microplastic were also determined at different human development. The atmospheric microplastics found are in the range between 300μm–5000μm, which is similar to literature. There is no correlation that can be found between the atmospheric microplastics and the meteorological data, probably due to the low number of samplings. The estimation of daily abundance of microplastics were found to be high for infants.
Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in Natural Ventilated Classroom in Perlis
Authors: Rahim Nur Afrina Abdul , Noor Norazian Mohamed , Yusuf Sara Yasina , Elbayoumi Maher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Indoor air pollutants have been linked to many health effects in humans and particularly children who are more vulnerable to the poor IAQ. This study presents quantitative assessment of IAQ in the selected primary schools in Perlis that is situated at northern peninsular of Malaysia. The objectives of this study was to investigate indoor air quality and comfort parameters in the natural ventilated school classroom in Perlis. A real-time monitoring method that was derived from Industry Code of Practice on IAQ 2010 by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) was used in this research. IAQ monitoring was conducted using Aeroqual Series 500, Tactical Air Sampler, SKC Aircheck XR5000, Elitech Rc-4 and UT363BT Anemometer were carried out at two primary schools which are SK Seri Perlis and SK Putra. Selected parameters such as respirable particulates (PM10), total volatile organic compound (TVOC), formaldehyde (CH2O), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), temperature, relative humidity and velocity were measured for two months period. The IAQ monitoring results revealed that the air pollutants were recorded higher in SK Seri Perlis compared to SK Putra due to its location that is nearby roadside. The examined pollutants concentration such as PM10, CO, and O3 were within the acceptable limits of Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality (2010) by DOSH, while CH2O, temperature, relative humidity and velocity were detected higher than the acceptable limits.
Workability and Compressive Strength of Mortar with Addition of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as Partial Cement Replacement in Engineered Cementitious Composite (ECC)
Authors: Zakaria N , Ghani K D A , Rosli M I F , Abdul Aziz A , Jafri N , Mohamad Kamil M H N 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn today’s engineering world, an industrial ecology is a prevalent approach for achieving long-term industrial development. This approach encourages waste from by-products to be recycled. One of these by-product wastes is rice husk ash (RHA). Previous research has highlighted RHA’s significant potential as a cement additive alternative. The possible use of RHA as a partial replacement for cement in designed cementitious composites is briefly described in the work (Engineered Cementitious Composite). RHA was utilized to substitute cement at various percentages by volume in the experiments, including 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The flow table test was used to evaluate the workability of the fresh mortar mix, while the compressive strength test was used to study the mechanical properties of the hardened mortar. From the result obtained, the workability of RHA-ECC decreased when the amount of RHA in the sample was increased. The compressive strength of RHA-ECC is maximum at 10% by volume compared to other replacement levels with 52.21% at 28 days of curing. This study adds to the body of knowledge about the sustainability of RHA as a partial cement replacement for ECC.
Tropical shrubs living in an extreme environment show convergent ecological strategies but divergent ecophysiological strategies
Authors: Aragón Lina , Messier Julie , Atuesta-Escobar Natalia , Lasso Eloisa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTrait-based frameworks assess plant survival strategies using different approaches. Some frameworks use functional traits to assign species to a priori defined ecological strategies. Others use functional traits as the central element of a species ecophysiological strategy. We compared these two approaches by asking: (1) what is the primary ecological strategy of three dominant co-occurring shrub species from inselbergs based on the CSR scheme, and (2) what main functional traits characterize the ecophysiological strategy of the species based on their use of carbon, water and light?MethodsWe conducted our study on a Colombian inselberg. In this extreme environment with multiple stressors (high temperatures and low resource availability), we expected all species to be stress tolerant (S in the CSR scheme) and have similar ecophysiological strategies. We measured 22 anatomical, morphological and physiological leaf traits.Key ResultsThe three species have convergent ecological strategies as measured by CSR (S, Acanthella sprucei; and S/CS, Mandevilla lancifolia and Tabebuia orinocensis) yet divergent resource-use strategies as measured by their functional traits. A. sprucei has the most conservative carbon use, risky water use and a shade-tolerant strategy. M. lancifolia has acquisitive carbon use, safe water use and a shade-tolerant strategy. T. orinocensis has intermediate carbon use, safe water use and a light-demanding strategy. Additionally, stomatal traits that are easy to measure are valuable to describe resource-use strategies because they are highly correlated with two physiological functions that are hard to measure: stomatal conductance and maximum photosynthesis per unit mass.ConclusionsThe two approaches provide complementary information on species strategies. Plant species can co-occur in extreme environments, such as inselbergs, because they exhibit convergent primary ecological strategies but divergent ecophysiological strategies, allowing them to use limiting resources differently.
Analysis of the Cause of Cartilage Warping in the Rhinoplasty of Costal Cartilage and Application of Embed-In Graft in Revisional Surgery
Authors: Xu Yihao , Zhang Xulong , You Jianjun , Wang Huan , Zheng Ruobing , Wu Lehao , Tian Le , Guo Junsheng , Fan Fei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
It is undeniable that costal cartilage is an excellent source of grafts, however it has some potential disadvantages, including a tendency to warp. There are very few studies that have examined how to resolve preexisting cartilage warping during secondary revisional surgery.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to explore causes of cartilage warping other than the cartilage itself and ways to correct cartilage warping during revisional surgery.

Methods
In the present study, cases of cartilage warping in the past 5 years were retrospectively reviewed, and external factors of cartilage warping were evaluated to help design new cartilage grafts that could be employed to repair cartilage deformities.

Results
A total of 29 females and 3 males between the ages of 18 and 60 years participated in the study (average age, 32.5 years). In all cases, embed-in grafts were utilized to correct warping. All patients were satisfied with the results. As a result of our research, we found that another external cause of cartilage warping was the hump that was not removed completely during the initial surgery.

Conclusions
Incomplete removal of the hump is a major contributing external factor to cartilage warping, particularly in the sagittal plane. This embed-in graft is not intended as a routine graft in normal circumstances, but rather as an immediate means of solving an unexpected situation. The graft is primarily for management of severely warped cartilage.
Deepro-Glu: combination of convolutional neural network and Bi-LSTM models using ProtBert and handcrafted features to identify lysine glutarylation sites
Authors: Wang Xiao , Ding Zhaoyuan , Wang Rong , Lin Xi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractLysine glutarylation (Kglu) is a newly discovered post-translational modification of proteins with important roles in mitochondrial functions, oxidative damage, etc. The established biological experimental methods to identify glutarylation sites are often time-consuming and costly. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop computational methods for efficient and accurate identification of glutarylation sites. Most of the existing computational methods only utilize handcrafted features to construct the prediction model and do not consider the positive impact of the pre-trained protein language model on the prediction performance. Based on this, we develop an ensemble deep-learning predictor Deepro-Glu that combines convolutional neural network and bidirectional long short-term memory network using the deep learning features and traditional handcrafted features to predict lysine glutaryation sites. The deep learning features are generated from the pre-trained protein language model called ProtBert, and the handcrafted features consist of sequence-based features, physicochemical property-based features and evolution information-based features. Furthermore, the attention mechanism is used to efficiently integrate the deep learning features and the handcrafted features by learning the appropriate attention weights. 10-fold cross-validation and independent tests demonstrate that Deepro-Glu achieves competitive or superior performance than the state-of-the-art methods. The source codes and data are publicly available at https://github.com/xwanggroup/Deepro-Glu.
MIMESIS: minimal DNA-methylation signatures to quantify and classify tumor signals in tissue and cell-free DNA samples
Authors: Romagnoli Dario , Nardone Agostina , Galardi Francesca , Paoli Marta , De Luca Francesca , Biagioni Chiara , Franceschini Gian Marco , Pestrin Marta , Sanna Giuseppina , Moretti Erica , Demichelis Francesca , Migliaccio Ilenia , Biganzoli Laura , Malorni Luca , Benelli Matteo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDNA-methylation alterations are common in cancer and display unique characteristics that make them ideal markers for tumor quantification and classification. Here we present MIMESIS, a computational framework exploiting minimal DNA-methylation signatures composed by a few dozen informative DNA-methylation sites to quantify and classify tumor signals in tissue and cell-free DNA samples. Extensive analyses of multiple independent and heterogenous datasets including &gt;7200 samples demonstrate the capability of MIMESIS to provide precise estimations of tumor content and to enable accurate classification of tumor type and molecular subtype. To assess our framework for clinical applications, we designed a MIMESIS-informed assay incorporating the minimal signatures for breast cancer. Using both artificial samples and clinical serial cell-free DNA samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer, we show that our approach provides accurate estimations of tumor content, sensitive detection of tumor signal and the ability to capture clinically relevant molecular subtype in patients’ circulation. This study provides evidence that our extremely parsimonious approach can be used to develop cost-effective and highly scalable DNA-methylation assays that could support and facilitate the implementation of precision oncology in clinical practice.
Prevalence and incidence of vitiligo and associated comorbidities: a nationwide population-based study in Korea
Authors: Kang Hyun , Lee Solam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of vitiligo shows regional variance. Recently, an association between vitiligo and extracutaneous conditions including other autoimmune, metabolic and dermatological disorders has been suggested. Despite its increasing incidence, the epidemiological trends and comorbidities in people with vitiligo have rarely been quantified in Asia.AimTo determine the prevalence and incidence of vitiligo and the disorders associated with vitiligo using the National Health Insurance Service database.MethodsWe included all patients with vitiligo, classified by the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision (ICD-10) code of L80, with ≥ 3 documented visits from 2003 to 2019. The incidence and prevalence of vitiligo were estimated for the study period. Age-, sex-, insurance type- and income level-matched controls (ratio 1 : 5) were selected to compare comorbidities. The odds ratios between comorbidities and vitiligo were calculated through conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe incidence and annual prevalence of vitiligo in Korea increased from 2003 to 2019, with incidence peaking in summer. Age-specific incidence showed a bimodal distribution, with the steepest increase in the group aged &lt; 20 years. Many comorbidities, including alopecia areata, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, Sjögren syndrome, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, chronic hepatitis, anxiety disorder and mood disorder showed higher odds ratios in patients with vitiligo than controls.ConclusionThe incidence and prevalence of vitiligo are increasing, particularly among younger patients in Korea. In addition, various comorbidities are associated with vitiligo, therefore, if patients with vitiligo present with extracutaneous symptoms, physicians should consider the possibility of other comorbid diseases.
Development and validation of a new equation based on plasma creatinine and muscle mass assessed by CT scan to estimate glomerular filtration rate: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Stehlé Thomas , Ouamri Yaniss , Morel Antoine , Vidal-Petiot Emmanuelle , Fellahi Soraya , Segaux Lauriane , Prié Dominique , Grimbert Philippe , Luciani Alain , Audard Vincent , Haymann Jean Philippe , Mulé Sébastien , De Kerviler Eric , Peraldi Marie-Noëlle , Boutten Anne , Matignon Marie , Canouï-Poitrine Florence , Flamant Martin , Pigneur Frédéric 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Inter-individual variations of non-glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determinants of serum creatinine, such as muscle mass, account for the imperfect performance of estimated GFR (eGFR) equations. We aimed to develop an equation based on creatinine and total lumbar muscle cross-sectional area measured by unenhanced computed tomography scan at the third lumbar vertebra.

Methods
The muscle mass–based eGFR (MMB-eGFR) equation was developed in 118 kidney donor candidates (iohexol clearance) using linear regression. Validation cohorts included 114 healthy subjects from another center (51Cr-EDTA clearance, validation population 1), 55 patients with chronic diseases (iohexol, validation population 2), and 60 patients with highly discordant creatinine and cystatin C–based eGFR, thus presumed to have atypical non-GFR determinants of creatinine (51Cr-EDTA, validation population 3). Mean bias was the mean difference between eGFR and measured GFR, precision the standard deviation (SD) of the bias, and accuracy the percentage of eGFR values falling within 20% and 30% of measured GFR.

Results
In validation population 1, performance of MMB-eGFR was not different from those of CKD-EPICr2009 and CKD-EPICr2021. In validation population 2, MMB-eGFR was unbiased and displayed better precision than CKD-EPICr2009, CKD-EPICr2021 and EKFC (SD of the biases: 13.1 vs 16.5, 16.8 and 15.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). In validation population 3, MMB-eGFR had better precision and accuracy {accuracy within 30%: 75.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.0–86.0] vs 51.5% (95% CI 39.0–64.3) for CKD-EPICr2009, 43.3% (95% CI 31.0–55.9) for CKD-EPICr2021, and 53.3% (95% CI 40.7–66.0) for EKFC}. Difference in bias between Black and white subjects was −2.1 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI −7.2 to 3.0), vs −8.4 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI −13.2 to −3.6) for CKD-EPICr2021.

Conclusion
MMB-eGFR displayed better performances than equations based on demographics, and could be applied to subjects of various ethnic backgrounds.