bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐destructive elemental analysis of lunar meteorites using a negative muon beam
Authors: Chiu I‐Huan , Terada Kentaro , Osawa Takahito , Park Changkun , Takeshita Soshi , Miyake Yasuhiro , Ninomiya Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe report the result of a non‐destructive elemental analysis of lunar meteorites using a negative muon beam at J‐PARC. An experimental system of six Ge semiconductor detectors and a newly designed He analysis chamber (to enable quantitative analysis of Al) was used to provide a high signal‐to‐noise ratio for the detection of major elements from lunar rocks (Mg, Si, Fe, O, Ca, and Al). We performed a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the chemical compositions at two sides and the center of a sample (at depths of 0.33 and 0.96 mm below the sample surface, respectively) of the lunar meteorite DEW 12007. These results indicate that the three interior regions of DEW 12007 are likely to be 55.8:44.2, 51.4:48.6, and 54.4:45.6 wt% mixtures of anorthositic and basaltic clasts, respectively. This study is the first quantitative analysis of a heterogeneous meteorite interior using a negative muon beam. As elemental analysis using a muon beam is non‐destructive and highly sensitive to light elements, including C, N, and O, the protocols established in this study are applicable to initial characterization of returned samples from the South Pole of the Moon.
Randomized clinical trial: A phase 2b controlled study of the efficacy and safety of trazpiroben (TAK‐906) for idiopathic or diabetic gastroparesis
Authors: Tack Jan , McCallum Richard , Kuo Braden , Huh Susanna Y. , Zhang Yanwei , Chen Yaozhu J. , Mehrotra Shailly , Parkman Henry P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrevious clinical studies of trazpiroben, a dopamine D2/D3 receptor antagonist for long‐term treatment of moderate‐to‐severe idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis, have shown improved symptoms of fullness. This study assessed trazpiroben efficacy, safety, and tolerability in adults with idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis versus placebo.MethodsThis global, multicenter, double‐blind, parallel‐group, phase 2b study (NCT03544229) enrolled eligible adults aged 18–85 years with symptomatic idiopathic or diabetic gastroparesis. Randomized participants received either oral placebo or trazpiroben 5, 25, or 50 mg, administered twice daily over 12 weeks, and completed the American Neurogastroenterology and Motility Society Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index‐Daily Diary. Change in weekly composite score from baseline to week 12 (primary endpoint) and treatment‐emergent adverse events were assessed. Data were summarized descriptively.Key ResultsOverall, 242 participants were enrolled (mean [standard deviation] age 55.7 [14.2] years; 75.6% female); 193 completed the study. No significant differences in change from baseline in weekly average of the daily diary composite score occurred at week 12 between placebo (least‐squares mean [standard error] −1.19 [0.12]) and trazpiroben (5, 25, and 50 mg: −1.11 [0.22], −1.17 [0.12], and −1.21 [0.12], respectively). Overall, 41.4% of participants receiving trazpiroben reported treatment‐emergent adverse events (placebo, 39.7%). No serious events were considered trazpiroben‐related; no life‐threatening or fatal events were reported.Conclusions & InferencesThere was no clinically meaningful difference in efficacy between trazpiroben and placebo in treating gastroparesis, based on the primary endpoint analysis. Trazpiroben was well tolerated with no new safety concerns identified, strengthening evidence supporting its favorable safety profile.NCT number: NCT03544229.
Argonaute7 (AGO7) optimizes arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal associations and enhances competitive growth inNicotiana attenuata
Authors: Pradhan Maitree , Baldwin Ian T. , Pandey Shree P. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryPlants interact with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and in doing so, change transcript levels of many miRNAs and their targets. However, the identity of an Argonaute (AGO) that modulates this interaction remains unknown, including inNicotiana attenuata.We examined how the silencing of NaAGO1/2/4/7/and 10 by RNAi influenced plant‐competitive ability under low‐P conditions when they interact with AMF. Furthermore, the roles of seven miRNAs, predicted to regulate signaling and phosphate homeostasis, were evaluated by transient overexpression.OnlyNaAGO7silencing by RNAi (irAGO7) significantly reduced the competitive ability under P‐limited conditions, without changes in leaf or root development, or juvenile‐to‐adult phase transitions. In plants growing competitively in the glasshouse, irAGO7roots were over‐colonized with AMF, but they accumulated significantly less phosphate and the expression of their AMF‐specific transporters was deregulated. Furthermore, the AMF‐induced miRNA levels were inversely regulated with the abundance of their target transcripts. miRNA overexpression consistently decreased plant fitness, with four of seven‐tested miRNAs reducing mycorrhization rates, and two increasing mycorrhization rates. Overexpression of Na‐miR473 and Na‐miRNA‐PN59 downregulated targets in GA, ethylene, and fatty acid metabolism pathways.We infer that AGO7 optimizes competitive ability and colonization by regulating miRNA levels and signaling pathways during a plant's interaction with AMF.
A rapid method for assembly of single chromosome and identification of sex determination region based on single‐chromosome sequencing
Authors: Li Ning , Zhou Jian , Zhang Wanqing , Liu Wenjia , Wang Bingxin , She Hongbing , Mirbahar Ameer Ahmed , Li Shufen , Zhang Yulan , Gao Wujun , Qian Wei , Deng Chuanliang 
Published: August 2023

Summary
The sex‐determining‐region (SDR) may offer the best prospects for studying sex‐determining gene, recombination suppression, and chromosome heteromorphism. However, current progress of SDR identification and cloning showed following shortcomings: large near‐isogenic lines need to be constructed, and a relatively large population is needed; the cost of whole‐genome sequencing and assembly is high.
Herein, the X/Y chromosomes of Spinacia oleracea L. subsp. turkestanica were successfully microdissected and assembled using single‐chromosome sequencing.
The assembly length of X and Y chromosome is c. 192.1 and 195.2 Mb, respectively. Three large inversions existed between X and Y chromosome. The SDR size of X and Y chromosome is c. 13.2 and 24.1 Mb, respectively. MSY region and six male‐biased genes were identified. A Y‐chromosome‐specific marker in SDR was constructed and used to verify the chromosome assembly quality at cytological level via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Meanwhile, it was observed that the SDR located on long arm of Y chromosome and near the centromere.
Overall, a technical system was successfully established for rapid cloning the SDR and it is also applicable to rapid assembly of specific chromosome in other plants. Furthermore, this study laid a foundation for studying the molecular mechanism of sex chromosome evolution in spinach.
Reimagining scientific conferences—a Keystone Symposia report
Authors: Weiman Shannon , Cable Jennifer , Greenleaf Walter , Rundel Felix , Whitfield Kate E. , Wingate Lory , Gallagher Richard , Pesanelli Jennifer , Orr Dereck , Jarvis Thale C. , Cadar Raluca , Uva Matthew D' , Ruediger Dylan , Vaez Robert , Frisby Adam , Ahmed Sami , Donoviel Dorit , Klinman Judith , Johnson Debbie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScientific conferences play an important role in advancing research, scholarship, and the careers of emerging scientists. The COVID‐19 pandemic offered meeting organizers and researchers alike an opportunity to reimagine what scientific conferences could look like. Virtual conferences can increase inclusivity and accessibility while decreasing costs and carbon emissions. However, it is generally perceived that the digital world fails to adequately recapitulate many of the benefits of in‐person face‐to‐face interactions; these include socializing, and collaborative environments that can forge new research directions and provide critical career development opportunities. On November 15 and 16, 2022, researchers, representatives from diverse scientific conference organizations, leaders in virtual platform technologies, and innovators in conference design gathered online for the Open Access Keystone eSymposium “Reimagining Scientific Conferences.” The meeting focused on how conference organizers can leverage lessons from the pandemic and emerging virtual platforms to engage new audiences, rethink strategies for scientific exchange, and decrease the carbon footprint of in‐person events.
Thinking about the next generation: The case for a mentalization‐informed approach to perinatal and intergenerational mental health
Authors: MacBeth Angus , Christie Hope , Golds Lisa , Morales Francisca , Raouna Aigli , Sawrikar Vilas , Gillespie‐Smith Karri 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere has been substantial progress made across multiple disciplines to emphasize the importance of perinatal mental health both for parents and offspring. This focuses on what has been termed the ‘First 1000 Days’ from conception to the child's second birthday. We argue that our understanding of this issue can go further to create an intergenerational approach to mental health. Despite the existence of theoretical frameworks and practical approaches to implementation, there are gaps in the understanding of perinatal and intergenerational mental health including which psychological mechanisms are implicated in the transmission of risk and resilience within the perinatal period; and how to leverage these into treatment approaches.Aims and MethodsIn this paper, we explore the potential for mentalization as a candidate psychological approach to intergenerational mental health.ResultsWe contextualize this issue in terms of the points of contact between mentalization and broader theoretical models such as the social determinants of health and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DoHaD) model. Further, we provide an overview of the existing evidence base for the relevance of mentalization to perinatal mental health.DiscussionFinally, we sketch out an outline model for integrating mentalization into perinatal and intergenerational mental health, highlighting several areas of opportunity to develop research and practice from diverse geographies and demographics. Here, we suggest that integration of mentalization with other conceptual frameworks such as DoHaD can mutually enrich the understanding of each model, pointing the way towards more effective early and preventative interventions.
Entrepreneur weirdness as a double‐edged sword: Effects on product creativity and investor attraction
Authors: Kim Jun‐Yeob , Grijalva Emily , Newman Daniel A. , Li Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany iconic entrepreneurs have been celebrated for being unapologetically weird. Using pitches collected from the TV show Shark Tank, we seek to unpack the link between entrepreneur weirdness and investor interest (i.e., number of bidders) in the context of securing investor funding. Integrating Wood and colleagues’ (2007) theory of non‐normativity with Amabile's (1983, 1996) componential theory of creativity, we propose that weirdness, as a form of non‐normativity, yields both positive and negative outcomes for entrepreneurs through two distinct pathways. Specifically, the weirdness advantage operates through entrepreneur creativity, whereas the weirdness liability operates through lower entrepreneur competence. Our empirical analyses of non‐normativity suggest that entrepreneur weirdness indeed is a double‐edged sword. Further, we propose that entrepreneur warmth (being friendly and good natured) moderates both weirdness effects, by strengthening the positive effect on entrepreneur creativity and dampening the negative effect on entrepreneur competence. Implications of the advantages and disadvantages of entrepreneur weirdness are discussed.
Under drought conditions, fungicide seed coating does not increase emergence of two native grass species in sagebrush stands of the Intermountain West, U.S.A.
Authors: Koutzoukis Sofia , Madsen Matthew D. , Veblen Kari E. 
Published: August 2023

Coating seeds with amendments to increase germination, emergence, and establishment is a promising strategy for dryland restoration. Seed coatings containing fungicides offer a potential solution in regions where fungal pathogens cause seed mortality during the winter stratification period between late fall seeding and spring germination. The effectiveness of the fungicide treatment, however, may be dictated by weather and within‐site microenvironment. We tested how fungicide coating influenced seedling emergence of native grasses within sagebrush stands by planting untreated seeds and seeds coated (encrusted) with and without active fungicide ingredients in furrows that extended from the canopy edge of sagebrush plants (Artemisia tridentata ssp. wyomingensis) into the interspace. This was replicated at four sites across the Intermountain West in two successive years. We planted two native grasses, bottlebrush squirreltail (Elymus elymoides) and bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria spicata). Emergence was extremely low in both years, with a complete seeding failure (i.e. zero emergence) at two sites in the first year and three sites in the second year. At one site where emergence was sufficient for statistical analysis: (1) the coating on the fungicide and blank treatments inhibited emergence under anomalously dry conditions and (2) across seed treatments, proximity to a sagebrush canopy slightly increased seedling emergence. The variable emergence patterns across sites and years (i.e. the highest emergence was for the site–year combination with the lowest precipitation) highlight the sensitivity of seeding outcomes to, and dependence of fungicide seed coatings on, site conditions, and the necessity of repeating experiments across different weather years.
Measuring Vulnerability to Multidimensional Poverty in Latin America
Authors: Gallardo Mauricio , Santos María Emma , Villatoro Pablo , Pizarro Vicky 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we perform estimates of vulnerability to multidimensional poverty for 17 Latin American countries at three points of time: 2005/2006, 2012, and 2017. We use a Multidimensional Bayesian Network Classifier model to estimate the conditional probability of being multidimensionally poor and then we use these probabilities and the standard downside semi‐deviation as the risk parameter to identify the vulnerable households. Despite significant reductions over the study period, in 2017 approximately 150 million people—excluding Guatemala, Nicaragua and Venezuela for which we do not have recent data—remained vulnerable to multidimensional poverty. We also observe that vulnerability to poverty is reduced at a much slower rate than poverty itself, revealing that achievements in SDG1 can be quite fragile. We perform a decomposition and find that as poverty decreases, risk‐induced vulnerability becomes relatively more important than poverty‐induced vulnerability. However, the poor‐vulnerable still constitute the core vulnerability group.
Wrestling with multiple accountabilities in times of crisis: Findings from the experiences of Chinese local governments in responding to COVID‐19
Authors: Ye Zimeng , Ma Ben , Li Yanwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGovernments around the world, when faced with a crisis, struggle to manage various legitimate accountability expectations. Our study investigated how Chinese local governments reconcile social and hierarchical accountability in managing COVID‐19. We found that local governments are generally more responsive to hierarchical than social accountability. Moreover, senior officials are highly unlikely to shirk their duties toward hierarchical accountability when a crisis is severe. Furthermore, crisis severity increases local governments' responsiveness to social accountability. Our study has encircled our understanding regarding the management of multiple accountabilities in crisis.
Osteoradionecrosis treatment in head and neck cancer patients: An overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Schroter Gabriella Torres , Stopiglia Renata Maria Mamprin , Carvalho Giovanna Lopes , Morimoto Susana , Mota Maria Emília , Alves Fábio Abreu , Jaguar Graziella Chagas , Moreira Maria Stella 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsEvaluate the existing evidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) treatment in adults with head and neck cancer, the methodological quality and the evidence grade within systematic reviews (SRs).MethodsAn extensive systematic literature search of SRs that addressed ORN in head and neck cancer patients was conducted with screening of eligible studies, data extraction, methodological (AMSTAR 2) and evidence quality assessment (GRADE) of the SRs by independent and calibrated authors.ResultsA total of six SRs were enrolled. Based primarily on studies from the 1990s, there is critically low‐ or moderate‐quality evidence that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) improves ORN healing. From 2005 onward, evidence has been discovered in relation to treatment with pentoxifylline and tocopherol (PENTO). The SRs indicate that the management of ORN with PENTO appears to be promising. The greatest rates of healing are seen in mild and moderate stages of ORN. However, the quality of evidence regarding PENTO, surgery and other treatments remains critically low.ConclusionThere is no standardized protocol to treat ORN. PENTO appears to be the most promising conservative treatment; however, the current level of evidence regarding PENTO is still critically low. More robust clinical studies are needed to establish the best treatment for ORN.
Whiteness, contact, gentrification, and critical diversity: A new racial ideology of gentrifying whites?
Authors: Dunn Kyle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractResearch shows that increased contact between different races under the right conditions can increase interracial tolerance. Research also shows that more white individuals are moving back to city centers through the process of gentrification. This research shows that gentrification is a process ripe with conflict which has implications on interracial contact. New development in neighborhoods not only prices out longtime residents who are often of color but is also geared toward newer middle‐class patrons who are often white. Literature on whites living in diverse or gentrifying neighborhoods illustrates habits and behaviors that result in the avoidance of people of color. Literature also illustrates that's these whites are likely to be more politically progressive and claim to value the racially diverse nature of their neighborhoods. Critical diversity research sheds some light on this paradox, but this is a small but growing field. More research needs to be done to better understand the habitus, the racial ideologies, and the relationships white individuals who live in diverse or gentrifying neighborhoods, have with people of color. Doing so would not only examine how gentrification is structuring interracial contact, but also provide a closer look at a new dominant racial ideology for whites in this context. Critical diversity ideology, while similar to color blind racism, in that it still reproduces racial inequality, is a distinct racial ideology that is potentially paramount in the contexts of racially diverse neighborhoods. Detroit makes an ideal location for this research due to its history of racial segregation and current influx of white individuals living in close proximity to their Black counterparts.
Are middle schoolers with diverse friends liked, disliked, or unnoticed ‐ and by whom?
Authors: Kline Naomi G. , Juvonen Jaana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHaving cross‐ethnic friends in early adolescence is associated with more positive intergroup attitudes, but little is known about the social signaling function of the diversity of friends. The current study examined how the ethnic diversity of students’ friends in seventh grade is related to their social status (e.g., acceptance, rejection, and social impact) by eighth grade in multi‐ethnic schools. It is hypothesized that friend diversity is (a) related to higher social status among ethnic out‐group peers as it signals inclusiveness, but (b) related to lower in‐group social status as diversity of friends may threaten the ethnic in‐group. Utilizing a longitudinal sample of ethnically diverse youth (n = 4653) from 26 middle schools, the study capitalizes on outgoing friendship nominations in seventh grade and incoming acceptance and rejection nominations in eighth grade, while controlling for overall social status in grade seven. A novel index was used to calculate the diversity of youth's friend groups, and precise coding was done to retain biracial youth in the analytic sample. Results showed that having diverse friends was related to higher visibility (i.e., social impact) and greater acceptance from ethnic out‐group members. In contrast, adolescents with diverse friend groups were less visible and less accepted by their in‐group. Diversity of friends was not associated with out‐group or in‐group rejection. Findings highlight the importance of understanding how the composition of friend groups may signal intergroup attitudes and in‐group solidarity in ways that have social status trade‐offs among out‐ and in‐group members.
Post‐nursing early life macronutrient balance promotes persistent and malleable biometric and metabolic traits in mice
Authors: Yap Yann W. , Rusu Patricia M. , Foollee Ashish , Rose Adam J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIt is known that dietary factors within the gestational and nursing period affect early life and stably affect later life traits in animals. However, there is very little understanding of whether dietary factors within the early life period from post‐nursing to adulthood affect traits in adulthood. To address this, we conducted studies on male C57Bl/6J mice fed from 3 weeks (immediately post‐nursing) until 12 weeks (full maturity) using nine different diets varying in all three major macronutrients to parse out the effects of individual macronutrients. Early life macronutrient balance affected body composition and glucose homeostasis in early adulthood, with dietary protein and fat showing major effects. Despite this, mice showed rapid reversal of the effects on body composition and glucose homeostasis of early life diet feeding, upon standard diet feeding in adulthood. However, some traits were persistent, with early life low dietary protein levels stably affecting lean and muscle mass, and early life dietary fat levels stably affecting serum and liver triglyceride levels. In summary, macronutrient balance in the post‐nursing early life period does not stably affect adiposity or glucose homeostasis but does impact muscle mass and lipid homeostasis in adulthood, with prominent effects of both protein and fat levels.
imageKey points
Early life dietary low protein and high fat levels lowered and heightened body mass, respectively. These effects did not substantially persist into adulthood with rapid catch‐up growth on a normal diet.
Early life protein (negative) and fat (positive) levels affected fat mass. Early life low protein levels negatively affected lean mass. Low protein effects on lower lean and muscle mass persisted into adulthood.
Early life macronutrient balance effects did not affect later life glucose homeostasis but early life high fat level affected later life dyslipidaemia.
Effects of dietary carbohydrate levels in early and later life were minor.