bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple pre‐ and postzygotic components of reproductive isolation between two co‐occurring Lysimachia species
Authors: Jiménez‐López Francisco Javier , Arista Montserrat , Talavera María , Cerdeira Morellato Leonor Patrícia , Pannell John R. , Viruel Juan , Ortiz Ballesteros Pedro L. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Genetic divergence between species depends on reproductive isolation (RI) due to traits that reduce interspecific mating (prezygotic isolation) or are due to reduced hybrid fitness (postzygotic isolation). Previous research found that prezygotic barriers tend to be stronger than postzygotic barriers, but most studies are based on the evaluation of F1 hybrid fitness in early life cycle stages.

We combined field and experimental data to determine the strength of 17 prezygotic and postzygotic reproductive barriers between two Lysimachia species that often co‐occur and share pollinators. We assessed postzygotic barriers up to F2 hybrids and backcrosses.

The two species showed near complete RI due to the cumulative effect of multiple barriers, with an uneven and asymmetric contribution to isolation. In allopatry, prezygotic barriers contributed more to reduce gene flow than postzygotic barriers, but their contributions were more similar in sympatry.

The strength of postzygotic RI was up to three times lower for F1 progeny than for F2 or backcrossed progenies, and RI was only complete when late F1 stages and either F2 or backcrosses were accounted for. Our results thus suggest that the relative strength of postzygotic RI may be underestimated when its effects on late stages of the life cycle are disregarded.
Environment‐specific selection alters flowering‐time plasticity and results in pervasive pleiotropic responses in maize
Authors: Choquette Nicole E. , Holland James B. , Weldekidan Teclemariam , Drouault Justine , de Leon Natalia , Flint‐Garcia Sherry , Lauter Nick , Murray Seth C. , Xu Wenwei , Wisser Randall J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary

Crop genetic diversity for climate adaptations is globally partitioned. We performed experimental evolution in maize to understand the response to selection and how plant germplasm can be moved across geographical zones.

Initialized with a common population of tropical origin, artificial selection on flowering time was performed for two generations at eight field sites spanning 25° latitude, a 2800 km transect. We then jointly tested all selection lineages across the original sites of selection, for the target trait and 23 other traits.

Modeling intergenerational shifts in a physiological reaction norm revealed separate components for flowering‐time plasticity. Generalized and local modes of selection altered the plasticity of each lineage, leading to a latitudinal pattern in the responses to selection that were strongly driven by photoperiod. This transformation led to widespread changes in developmental, architectural, and yield traits, expressed collectively in an environment‐dependent manner. Furthermore, selection for flowering time alone alleviated a maladaptive syndrome and improved yields for tropical maize in the temperate zone.

Our findings show how phenotypic selection can rapidly shift the flowering phenology and plasticity of maize. They also demonstrate that selecting crops to local conditions can accelerate adaptation to climate change.
Identification and fine mapping of a new bacterial blight resistance gene, Xa43(t), in Zhangpu wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)
Authors: Huang F. , He N. , Yu M. , Li D. , Yang D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Bacterial blight (BB) is currently considered one of the most serious rice diseases and is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Numerous studies have shown that breeding resistant rice varieties is one of the most effective methods to prevent BB, and it is important to identify and isolate more BB resistance (R) genes from different rice resources.

Using a map‐based approach, we identified a new QTL/gene, Xa43(t), from ZhangPu wild rice, which was highly resistant to the BB isolate PX099. We performed bulked segregant analysis combined with candidate gene prediction to identify the candidate gene.

The Xa43(t) gene was narrowed down to a 29‐kb region containing four putative genes. More importantly, the candidate gene Xa43(t) did not affect the main agronomic traits of rice. We also identified a widely applicable molecular marker, namely Inde1‐18, which co‐segregates with the Xa43(t) gene.

The Xa43(t) gene is a new broad‐spectrum BB resistance gene without identified alleles and has good application prospects for rice disease resistance breeding.
The fluid voter: Exploring independent voting patterns over time
Authors: Reilly Thom , Hunting Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIndependents remain hard to categorize because they are, by their choice of self‐identification, resisting the standard categories of political classification. Despite the growth in independent voter identity, many political strategists still view independents as partisans. In this article, we contribute to the academic literature on independent voting behavior by exploring whether those who identify as politically independent function as true independents by accounting for their voting patterns over time. We do this by analyzing data produced by the American National Election Studies (ANES) on political identification and voting choices from 1972 to 2020 on each of the three ANES measures of party affiliation. Our findings show when tracking independent voting behavior over more than one election, there is a significant volatility in voting loyalty and independents as a group are distinct from partisans. This volatility was observed in all three measures of party affiliation used by the ANES survey data. The research also finds evidence that a sizeable number of independents move in and out of independent status from one election to another.Related ArticlesGrossmann, Matt. 2014. “The Varied Effects of Policy Cues on Partisan Opinions.”Politics & Policy42(6): 881–904.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12102.Reilly, Thom, and E. C. Hedberg. 2022. “Social Networks of Independents and Partisans: Are Independents a Moderating Forcer?”Politics & Policy50(2): 225–43.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12460.Saeki, Manabu. 2019. “Anatomy of Party Sorting: Partisan Polarization of Voters and Party Switching.”Politics & Policy47(4): 699–747.https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12318.
Small for date preterm infants and risk of higher blood pressure in later life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Fenton Tanis R. , Elmrayed Seham , Scime Natalie V. , Tough Suzanne C. , Pinto Jahaira , Sabet Fatemeh , Wollny Krista , Lee Yoonshin , Harrison Tyrone G. , Alladin‐Karan Bibi , Kramer Michael S. , Ospina Maria B. , Lorenzetti Diane L. , Madubueze Ada , Leung Alexander A. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHistorical reports suggest that infants born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk for high blood pressure (BP) at older ages after adjustment for later age body size. Such adjustment may be inappropriate since adiposity is a known cause of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.ObjectivesTo assess the association between SGA births and later BP among preterm births, considering potential background confounders and over‐adjustment for later body size.MethodsA database search of studies up to October 2022 included MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. Studies were included if they reported BP (systolic [SBP] or diastolic [DBP]) (outcomes) for participants born preterm with SGA (exposure) or non‐SGA births. All screening, extraction steps, and risk of bias (using the Risk of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies of Interventions [ROBINS‐I] tool) were conducted in duplicate by two reviewers. Data were pooled in meta‐analysis using random‐effects models. We explored potential sources of heterogeneity.ResultsWe found no meaningful difference in later BP between preterm infants with and without SGA status at birth. Meta‐analysis of 25 studies showed that preterm SGA, compared to preterm non‐SGA, was not associated with higher BP at age 2 and older with mean differences for SBP 0.01 mmHg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12, I2 = 59.8%, n = 20,462) and DBP 0.01 mm Hg (95% CI −0.10, 0.12), 22 studies, (I2 = 53.0%, n = 20,182). Adjustment for current weight did not alter the results, which could be due to the lack of differences in later weight status in most of the included studies. The included studies were rated to be at risk of bias due to potential residual confounding, with a low risk of bias in other domains.ConclusionsEvidence indicates that preterm infants born SGA are not at increased risk of developing higher BP as children or as adults as compared to non‐SGA preterm infants.
Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals the cause of anthocyanin biosynthesis deficiency in litchi aril
Authors: Wang Dan , Chen Lei , Yang Yabing , Abbas Farhat , Qin Yaqi , Lu Hanle , Lai Biao , Wu Zichen , Hu Bing , Qin Yonghua , Wang Huicong , Zhao Jietang , Hu Guibing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAnthocyanins are health‐promoting compounds with strong antioxidant properties that play important roles in disease prevention. Litchi chinensis Sonn. is a well‐known and economically significant fruit due to its appealing appearance and nutritional value. The mature pericarp of litchi is rich in anthocyanins, whereas the aril (flesh) has an extremely low anthocyanin content. However, the mechanism of anthocyanin differential accumulation in litchi pericarp and aril remained unknown. Here, metabolome and transcriptome analysis were performed to unveil the cause of the deficiency of anthocyanin biosynthesis in litchi aril. Numerous anthocyanin biosynthesis‐related metabolites and their derivatives were found in the aril, and the levels of rutin and (−)‐epicatechin in the aril were comparable to those found in the pericarp, while anthocyanin levels were negligible. This suggests that the biosynthetic pathway from phenylalanine to cyanidin was present but that a block in cyanidin glycosylation could result in extremely low anthocyanin accumulation in the aril. Furthermore, 54 candidate genes were screened using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), and 9 genes (LcUFGT1, LcGST1, LcMYB1, LcSGR, LcCYP75B1, LcMATE, LcTPP, LcSWEET10, and LcERF61) might play a significant role in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. The dual‐luciferase reporter (DLR) assay revealed that LcMYB1 strongly activated the promoters of LcUFGT1, LcGST4, and LcSWEET10. The results imply that LcMYB1 is the primary qualitative gene responsible for the deficiency of anthocyanin biosynthesis in litchi aril, which was confirmed by a transient transformation assay. Our findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue‐specific anthocyanin accumulation and will help developing new red‐fleshed litchi germplasm.
Wild soybean salt tolerance metabolic model: Assessment of storage protein mobilization in cotyledons and C/N balance in the hypocotyl/root axis
Authors: Hu Yunan , Li Mingxia , Hu Yongjun , Han Defu , Wei Jian , Zhang Tao , Guo Jixun , Shi Lianxuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalt stress has become one of the main factors limiting crop yield in recent years. The post‐germinative growth is most sensitive to salt stress in soybean. In this study, cultivated and wild soybeans were used for an integrated metabonomics and transcriptomics analysis to determine whether wild soybean can resist salt stress by maintaining the mobilization of stored substances in cotyledons and the balance of carbon and nitrogen in the hypocotyl/root axis (HRA). Compared with wild soybean, the growth of cultivated soybean was significantly inhibited during the post‐germinative growth period under salt stress. Integrating analysis found that the breakdown products of proteins, such as glutamate, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and asparagine, increased significantly in wild soybean cotyledons. Asparagine synthase and fumarate hydratase genes and genes encoding HSP20 family proteins were specifically upregulated. In wild soybean HRA, levels of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, citric acid, and succinic acid increased significantly, and the glutamate decarboxylase gene and the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase in nitrogen metabolism were significantly upregulated. The metabolic model indicated that wild soybean enhanced the decomposition of stored proteins and the transport of amino acids to the HRA in cotyledons and the GABA shunt to maintain carbon and nitrogen balance in the HRA to resist salt stress. This study provided a theoretical basis for cultivating salt‐tolerant soybean varieties and opened opportunities for the development of sustainable agricultural practices.
Managing business continuity in the Arctic: Experiences from mining
Authors: Taarup‐Esbensen Jacob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article presents a model for business continuity capacity, which shows how organizations can analyze possible gaps in their business continuity capability and thereby increase their capacity to recover value‐adding critical activities. Using an example of a flooded mine on Svalbard, the study investigated how the mining company Store Norske Spitsbergen Coal Company (SNSK), with considerable experience with similar events and an excellent safety record, could fail to manage a well‐known event and reduce recovery times of its critical activities. The analysis explored how experience in safety and incident management does not necessarily mean that these abilities are transferable to a new but similar event. The study sought to answer the research question: To what extent does SNSK's systematic work with safety, and experience with flooding events, improve business continuity capacity?In the Arctic, emergency response can take hours or days to arrive after the event. A structured recovery system can support pre‐existing platforms aimed at safety, to include the critical activities needed to ensure an organization's overall survival. Systematic work can improve performance and make the organization engage in a virtuous cycle by implementing management structures, risk identification systems, competency development, and processes for the in situ evaluation of hazards. However, as seen here, the organization needs to pay attention to changes that could affect risk assessments and threat levels well‐known events. These insights can be utilized by other organizations seeking synergy when strengthening their safety and business continuity performance.
The impact of financial development on house prices
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Ivanovski Kris , Mintah Kwabena , Zhang Quanda 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examine the relationship between financial development and house prices in the Group of Seven (G7) countries over the period 1870–2016. We use parametric panel data models that incorporated interactive fixed effects and non‐parametric models that allow us to examine non‐linearities and the time‐varying nature of the relationship. Our parametric estimates show a positive relationship between financial development and house prices. The results from our non‐parametric model not only reinforce this finding but also shows evidence of a negative effect of financial development prior to the mid‐twentieth century, suggesting a time‐varying non‐linear impact. We find that inequality and mortgage loans are mechanisms through which financial development transmits to house prices. Financial crisis moderates the relationship between financial development and house prices, although this works only through sovereign defaults. Our findings are robust to a suite of robustness and sensitivity checks.
Secondary School Athletic Trainers’ Strategies and Barriers to Overuse Injury Treatment in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Biese Kevin M. , Winans Madeline , Rudek Grace , Hernandez Mayrena I. , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa , Andreae Susan J. , Brooks M. Alison , Kliethermes Stephanie , McGuine Timothy A. , Bell David R. 
Published: January 2023

Context: Studies have illustrated that overuse injuries occur in adolescent athletes more often than previously reported. The general purpose of this study was to provide a thorough report of secondary school athletic trainers encounters, practices, and perceptions of overuse injury in adolescent athletes. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire was distributed via email to athletic trainers in the secondary school setting. The questionnaire was sent to participants during the summer of 2021 and 430 participants (highest educational degree earned: master’s degree = 66%) completed the survey. Various survey methods were used to evaluate athletic trainers (1) demographics, (2) estimations about what percentage of injuries evaluated and treated were classified as overuse, (3) methods for treating overuse injuries, (4) confidence in treating overuse injuries and the complete implementation of their treatment plan, (5) perceptions of various barriers to treating overuse injuries, and (6) perception as to why patients did not want to reduce activity to treat their overuse injuries. Results: Participants reported that about half of all evaluations and treatments in a year were overuse injuries and they were “fairly” or “completely” confident (90%) in their ability to treat these injuries. The most common treatments cited were stretching (91%) and reducing activity (90%). Only 61% of participants were “fairly” or “completely” confident in the complete implementation of their treatment plan. Participants believed that patients’ reluctance to reduce sport activities (82% “moderate” or “extreme” barrier) was the most significant barrier to treatment. Participants cited athletes’ avoidance of missing games as the most common reason athletes were reluctant to reduce sporting activity. Conclusions: Participants felt confident in treating overuse injuries yet faced significant barriers in treating these injuries. Clinicians should be prepared to have conversations about the importance of reducing sporting activity to allow proper healing for overuse injuries in adolescent athletes.
Missing data and other challenges in assessing inappropriate marketing of baby foods in the Russian Federation: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kontsevaya Anna , Rippin Holly L , Lyu Suqi , Chen Qi , Mukaneeva Dinara , Antsiferova Aleksandra , Vujnovic Melita , Drapkina Oxana , Wickramasinghe Kremlin 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesWe used the WHO draft nutrient profile model (NPM) to evaluate baby foods targeted at infants and young children (IYC) aged 6–36 months in the Russian Federation to assess their suitability for marketing.DesignA cross-sectional study in Moscow (Russian Federation).SettingNutrition information of baby food was primarily collected from retailer websites, with some complementary data from physical stores. Both specialist stores for IYC and general supermarkets were included.ParticipantsTwo hundred and thirty baby food products targeted to IYC were selected. Breastmilk substitutes and products targeted at children over 3 years old were excluded.Main outcome measuresPer cent of missing nutrition data, per cent of products with added sugar or sweetener and exceeded sodium or salts, per cent of products marketed as suitable for IYC under 6 months.ResultsMost products were ‘ready-to-eat’, including fruit (n=42, 18.5%) and vegetable (n=29, 12.8%) purees, meat, fish or cheese purees (n =26, 11.5%); ‘dry or instant cereal/starchy foods’ (n=27, 11.9%), including predominantly dry cereals, ‘juices and other drinks’ (n=26, 11.5%). 95% (n=219/230) of products were missing total sugar information, 78% (n=180/230) were missing either sodium or salt, and 25% (n=57/230) were missing total fat. Among products with sugar and sodium information, 41% (n=94/230) included added sugar or sweeteners, and 48% (n=24/50) exceeded the NPM sodium threshold. 40% of products (n=92/230) were marketed as suitable for IYC aged under 6 months.ConclusionBaby foods marketed for IYC showed a high per cent of missing nutrition information and disparity with WHO’s guidelines for complementary feeding, age of introduction, sugar and salt content. Stronger regulation is needed in this area to minimise higher risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in later life.
Financial conflicts of interest among US physician authors of 2020 clinical practice guidelines: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Mooghali Maryam , Glick Laura , Ramachandran Reshma , Ross Joseph S 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and accuracy of industry-related financial conflict of interest (COI) disclosures among US physician guideline authors.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingClinical practice guidelines published by the Council of Medical Specialty Societies in 2020.ParticipantsUS physician guideline authors.Main outcome measuresFinancial COI disclosures, both self-reported and determined using Open Payments data.ResultsAmong 270 US physician authors of 20 clinical practice guidelines, 101 (37.4%) disclosed industry-related financial COIs, whereas 199 (73.7%) were found to have received payments from industry when accounting for payments disclosed through Open Payments. The median payments received by authors during the 3-year period was US$27 451 (IQR, US$1385–US$254 677). Comparing authors’ self-disclosures with Open Payments, 72 (26.7%) of the authors accurately disclosed their financial COIs, including 68 (25.2%) accurately disclosing no financial COIs and 4 (1.5%) accurately disclosing a financial COI. In contrast, 101 (37.4%) disclosed no financial COIs and were found to have received payments from industry, 23 (8.5%) disclosed a financial COI but had under-reported payments received from industry, 14 (5.2%) disclosed a financial COI but had over-reported payments received from industry and 60 (22.2%) disclosed a financial COI but were found to have both under-reported and over-reported payments received from industry. We found that inaccurate COI disclosure was more frequent among professors compared with non-professors (81.9% vs 63.5%; p<0.001) and among males compared with females (77.7% vs 64.8%; p=0.02). The accuracy of disclosures also varied among medical professional societies (p<0.001).ConclusionsFinancial relationships with industry are common among US physician authors of clinical practice guidelines and are often not accurately disclosed. To ensure high-quality guidelines and unbiased recommendations, more effort is needed to minimise existing COIs and improve disclosure accuracy among panel members.