bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mason bees and honey bees synergistically enhance fruit set in sweet cherry orchards
Authors: Osterman Julia , Benton Frances , Hellström Sara , Luderer‐Pflimpfl Meike , Pöpel‐Eisenbrandt Ann‐Kathrin , Wild Bilyana Stoykova , Theodorou Panagiotis , Ulbricht Christin , Paxton Robert J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMason bees (Osmia spp.) are efficient fruit tree pollinators that can be encouraged to occupy and breed in artificial nesting material. In sweet cherry orchards, they are occasionally used as an alternative managed pollinator as a replacement for or in addition to honey bees (Apis mellifera). Yet, the lack of practical guidelines on management practices, for example optimal stocking rates, for both mason bee nesting material and honey bees might compromise pollination service provision. In this study, we assessed the relationship between stocking rates (honey bee hives and mason bee nesting material) and the abundance of honey bees and mason bees in 17 sweet cherry (Prunus avium) orchards in Central Germany. We furthermore performed a pollination experiment to explore the interactive effect of mason bees and honey bees on sweet cherry fruit set. In the orchards, both honey bee and mason bee abundance increased with increasing stocking rates of hives or nesting material, respectively. Honey bee abundance increased linearly with stocking rates. In contrast, mason bee abundance asymptoted at 2–3 nesting boxes per ha, beyond which more boxes resulted in little increase in visitation rate. Our pollination experiment demonstrated that orchards were pollen limited, with only 28% of insect‐pollinated flowers setting fruit versus 39% of optimally hand‐pollinated flowers. Honey bees and mason bees enhanced sweet cherry fruit set, but only when both were present and not when either was present alone in an orchard. Our findings demonstrate that offering nesting material for mason bees and employing honey bee hives can enhance bee abundance in sweet cherry orchards. By increasing honey bee abundance in combination with enhanced mason bee abundance, farmers can substantially boost fruit set and potentially sweet cherry yield. To enhance pollination services, farmers should consider the benefits of increasing pollinator biodiversity as an immediate benefit to improve crop yields.
The extent of rapid colour change in male agamid lizards is unrelated to overall sexual dichromatism
Authors: Batabyal Anuradha , Zambre Amod , Mclaren Tess , Rankin Katrina J. , Somaweera Ruchira , Stuart‐Fox Devi , Thaker Maria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDynamic colour change is widespread in ectothermic animals, but has primarily been studied in the context of background matching. For most species, we lack quantitative data on the extent of colour change across different contexts. It is also unclear whether and how colour change varies across body regions, and how overall sexual dichromatism relates to the extent of individual colour change. In this study, we obtained reflectance measures in response to different stimuli for males and females of six species of agamid lizards (Agamidae, sister family to Chameleonidae) comprising three closely related species pairs. We computed the colour volume in a lizard‐vision colour space occupied by males and females of each species and estimated overall sexual dichromatism based on the area of non‐overlapping male and female colour volumes. As expected, males had larger colour volumes than females, but the extent of colour change in males differed between species and between body regions. Notably, species that were most sexually dichromatic were not necessarily those in which males showed the greatest individual colour change. Our results indicate that the extent of colour change is independent of the degree of sexual dichromatism and demonstrate that colour change on different body regions can vary substantially even between pairs of closely related species.
Association between platelet counts and clinical outcomes in acute fatty liver of pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Gao Yuanmei , Wang Xiaoli , Li Xiangbin , Fang Yuxin , Lv Chengtian , Chen Dunjin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether platelet counts are associated with clinical outcomes in patients with acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 140 patients with AFLP admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2010 and August 2022. In this cohort study, we used smooth curve fitting, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the independent relationship between platelet counts and 42‐day postpartum mortality in AFLP.ResultsThere were 140 patients with AFLP, of which 15 died and 53 (37.86%) had thrombocytopenia. The overall 42‐day postpartum maternal mortality was 10.7%. We observed a U‐shaped relationship between the platelet counts and 42‐day postpartum mortality. Two different slopes were observed below and above the inflection point at approximately 220 × 109/L. After adjusting for some confounders, patients with thrombocytopenia (<100 × 109/L) were found to have increased 42‐day postpartum mortality compared with middle‐tertile and highest‐tertile patients. Patients with thrombocytopenia had a higher 42‐day postpartum mortality, and higher proportions of intensive care unit admissions, postpartum hemorrhage, and multiple organ failure (P < 0.05).ConclusionsA U‐shaped association between platelet counts and 42‐day postpartum mortality was observed in patients with AFLP. Thrombocytopenia is associated with poorer adverse clinical outcomes in women with AFLP.
Successful wound closure using fibrin glue for intractable neobladder‐urethral anastomosis leakage after radical cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction
Authors: Ishikawa Keisuke , Nagata Masayoshi , Anno Yuta , Yamagishi Miki , China Toshiyuki , Shimizu Fumitaka , Isotani Shuji , Muto Satoru , Horie Shigeo 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionComplications of cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction such as anastomotic leakage have been reported. It is a common complication; however, most cases improve conservatively. The use of fibrin glue for fistulas has been reported, but no reports have shown its effectiveness for urinary tract anastomotic leakage. We experienced a case of intractable neobladder‐urethral anastomosis leakage after radical cystectomy and neobladder reconstruction, which was effectively managed using fibrin glue.Case presentationA 70‐year‐old man underwent radical cystectomy and ileal neobladder reconstruction for invasive bladder cancer with urothelial carcinoma. After surgery, the urethral catheter fell off and the anastomotic leakage did not improve by adjusting the position of the urethral catheter and percutaneous nephrostomy. We closed the intractable neobladder‐urethral anastomotic leakage by injecting fibrin glue and the leakage completely disappeared.ConclusionInjecting fibrin glue into anastomotic site can be effective in severe neobladder‐urethral anastomosis leakage.
Identifying exchange rate effects and spillovers of US monetary policy shocks in the presence of time‐varying instrument relevance
Authors: Liao Wenting , Ma Jun , Zhang Chengsi 
Published: July 2023

SummaryWe propose a novel econometric approach to estimating time‐varying policy effects using external instruments in the presence of time‐varying instrument relevance in a factor‐augmented VAR model with data on the United States, Canada, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom. We find that US monetary policy shocks are an important driver of the exchange rate movements, with no delayed overshooting. We show that estimates of spillover effects of US monetary policy shocks on the inflation and real economic activity would be distorted without considering time variation in instrument relevance, and time variation in policy effects reflects primarily varying shock size, not their transmission.
Neurodevelopmental toxicity of bisphenol AF in zebrafish larvae and the protective effects of curcumin
Authors: Yang Qian , Liu Jianmei , Ding Jie , Liu Jining 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBisphenol AF (BPAF) is one of the most commonly used alternatives of bisphenol A in the plastics industry. The effects of BPAF on nervous development are unclear. Curcumin (CUR) has been determined to be an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant agent. In this study, the effects of BPAF on neurotoxicity of zebrafish embryos/larvae and whether CUR could reverse effects induced by BPAF were investigated. The results showed that BPAF treatment induced deficits in locomotor behavior, altered the larval brain development, caused aberrant expression of neurogenesis related genes (elavl3, zn5, α‐tubulin, syn2a, and gap43), decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and induced oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and neuroinflammation in zebrafish larvae. CUR addition could block the adverse effects of BPAF on nervous development by attenuated oxidative stress and cell apoptosis induced by BPAF in zebrafish, enhanced the activity of AChE, and increased the expression of genes involved in the pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐8). The results of this study indicate that BPAF could induce aberrant development on nervous system. However, CUR exerts neuroprotective effects on BPAF‐induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae.
The lived experience of reconstructing identity in response to genetic risk of frontotemporal degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Dratch Laynie , Owczarzak Jill , Mu Weiyi , Cousins Katheryn A. Q. , Massimo Lauren , Grossman Murray , Erby Lori 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith the increasing availability of predictive genetic testing for adult‐onset neurodegenerative conditions, it is imperative that we better understand the impact of learning one's risk status. Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is the second most prevalent cause of early‐onset dementia. About one‐third of patients have an identifiable genetic etiology, and some genetic variants that cause FTD can also cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To understand individuals' risk perception and broader experience of living at risk, we completed semi‐structured telephone interviews with 14 asymptomatic adults who tested positive for a variant known to cause risk for FTD and/or ALS. We conducted a thematic analysis, and within the core topic of identity, we derived three themes: conceptualization of FTD and ALS as a threat to identity, enduring uncertainty and dread, and varying centrality of risk status to identity. FTD and ALS risk raised fundamental issues for participants related to the essence of personhood, challenged them to confront Cartesian dualism (the philosophy of mind–body separation), and exposed how time, relationships, and social roles have affected their understanding of the nature of the self. Our findings provide important insight into how being at genetic risk shapes an individual's identity. We conclude that genetic counseling interventions that allow for identity exploration, anticipatory guidance, and uncertainty management should be utilized when supporting persons at risk.
Clique‐width: Harnessing the power of atoms
Authors: Dabrowski Konrad K. , Masařík Tomáš , Novotná Jana , Paulusma Daniël , Rzążewski Paweł 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany NP‐complete graph problems are polynomial‐time solvable on graph classes of bounded clique‐width. Several of these problems are polynomial‐time solvable on a hereditary graph class if they are so on the atoms (graphs with no clique cut‐set) of . Hence, we initiate a systematic study into boundedness of clique‐width of atoms of hereditary graph classes. A graph is ‐free if is not an induced subgraph of , and it is ‐free if it is both ‐free and ‐free. A class of ‐free graphs has bounded clique‐width if and only if its atoms have this property. This is no longer true for ‐free graphs, as evidenced by one known example. We prove the existence of another such pair and classify the boundedness of clique‐width on ‐free atoms for all but 18 cases.
A simple model to simulate the Raman spectrum of methane in the range of 2800–3040 cm−1
Authors: Tanichev Aleksandr S. , Petrov Dmitry V. , Kostenko Matvey A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRaman spectroscopy is a promising method to analyze natural gas. Measurement of hydrocarbon concentrations is required for quality control of this fuel. Despite the presence of intense characteristic peaks of hydrocarbons in the range of 2800–3040 cm−1, researchers avoid this region due to the overlap with a methane spectrum. This paper presents a simple method to simulate the Raman spectrum of methane in natural gas at different pressures and concentrations of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and ethane. A detailed description of the algorithm and the empirical parameters necessary for the simulation are provided. The method can be used to improve the accuracy of the Raman gas analysis of natural gas and other methane‐bearing media.
Asymptotic stability of the spectrum of a parametric family of homogenization problems associated with a perforated waveguide
Authors: Gómez Delfina , Nazarov Sergei A. , Orive‐Illera Rafael , Pérez‐Martínez María‐Eugenia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we provide uniform bounds for convergence rates of the low frequencies of a parametric family of problems for the Laplace operator posed on a rectangular perforated domain of the plane of height H. The perforations are periodically placed along the ordinate axis at a distance between them, where ε is a parameter that converges toward zero. Another parameter η, the Floquet‐parameter, ranges in the interval . The boundary conditions are quasi‐periodicity conditions on the lateral sides of the rectangle and Neumann over the rest. We obtain precise bounds for convergence rates which are uniform on both parameters ε and η and strongly depend on H. As a model problem associated with a waveguide, one of the main difficulties in our analysis comes near the nodes of the limit dispersion curves.
Remarks on blowup of solutions for one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with Maxwell's law
Authors: Dong Jianwei , Zhang Qiao , Yang Yong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this note, we present some blowup results of solutions to the one‐dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations with Maxwell's law. First, we improve the blowup result of Hu and Wang [Math. Nachr. 92 (2019), 826–840] with initial density away from vacuum by removing two restrictions. Next, we give a blowup result for the solutions with decay at far fields. Finally, we construct some special analytical solutions to exhibit the blowup or non‐blowup phenomena for the relaxed system.
Hilbert C∗$C^*$‐module independence
Authors: Eskandari Rasoul , Hamhalter Jan , Manuilov Vladimir M. , Moslehian Mohammad Sal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe introduce the notion of Hilbert ‐module independence: Let be a unital ‐algebra and let , be ternary subspaces of a Hilbert ‐module . Then, and are said to be Hilbert ‐module independent if there are positive constants m and M such that for every state on , there exists a state φ on such that
We show that it is a natural generalization of the notion of ‐independence of ‐algebras. Moreover, we demonstrate that even in the case of ‐algebras, this concept of independence is new and has a nice characterization in terms of Hahn–Banach–type extensions. We show that if has the quasi extension property and with , then . Several characterizations of Hilbert ‐module independence and a new characterization of ‐independence are given. One of characterizations states that if is such that , then and are Hilbert ‐module independent if and only if for all and . We also provide some technical examples and counterexamples to illustrate our results.
AAPM WGDCAB Report 372: A joint AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS report on commissioning of model‐based dose calculation algorithms in brachytherapy
Authors: Beaulieu Luc , Ballester Facundo , Granero Domingo , Tedgren Åsa Carlsson , Haworth Annette , Lowenstein Jessica R. , Ma Yunzhi , Mourtada Firas , Papagiannis Panagiotis , Rivard Mark J. , Siebert Frank‐André , Sloboda Ron S. , Smith Ryan L. , Thomson Rowan M. , Verhaegen Frank , Fonseca Gabriel , Vijande Javier 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe introduction of model‐based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs) in brachytherapy provides an opportunity for a more accurate dose calculation and opens the possibility for novel, innovative treatment modalities. The joint AAPM, ESTRO, and ABG Task Group 186 (TG‐186) report provided guidance to early adopters. However, the commissioning aspect of these algorithms was described only in general terms with no quantitative goals. This report, from the Working Group on Model‐Based Dose Calculation Algorithms in Brachytherapy, introduced a field‐tested approach to MBDCA commissioning. It is based on a set of well‐characterized test cases for which reference Monte Carlo (MC) and vendor‐specific MBDCA dose distributions are available in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine—Radiotherapy (DICOM‐RT) format to the clinical users. The key elements of the TG‐186 commissioning workflow are now described in detail, and quantitative goals are provided. This approach leverages the well‐known Brachytherapy Source Registry jointly managed by the AAPM and the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core (IROC) Houston Quality Assurance Center (with associated links at ESTRO) to provide open access to test cases as well as step‐by‐step user guides. While the current report is limited to the two most widely commercially available MBDCAs and only for 192Ir‐based afterloading brachytherapy at this time, this report establishes a general framework that can easily be extended to other brachytherapy MBDCAs and brachytherapy sources. The AAPM, ESTRO, ABG, and ABS recommend that clinical medical physicists implement the workflow presented in this report to validate both the basic and the advanced dose calculation features of their commercial MBDCAs. Recommendations are also given to vendors to integrate advanced analysis tools into their brachytherapy treatment planning system to facilitate extensive dose comparisons. The use of the test cases for research and educational purposes is further encouraged.
Longitudinal assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction in acute traumatic brain injury using hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate
Authors: Hackett Edward P. , Chen Jun , Ingle Laura , Al Nemri Sarah , Barshikar Surendra , da Cunha Pinho Marco , Plautz Erik J. , Bartnik‐Olson Brenda L. , Park Jae Mo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose[13C]Bicarbonate formation from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate via pyruvate dehydrogenase, a key regulatory enzyme, represents the cerebral oxidation of pyruvate and the integrity of mitochondrial function. The present study is to characterize the chronology of cerebral mitochondrial metabolism during secondary injury associated with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) by longitudinally monitoring [13C]bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate in rodents.MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly assigned to undergo a controlled‐cortical impact (CCI, n = 31) or sham surgery (n = 22). Seventeen of the CCI and 9 of the sham rats longitudinally underwent a 1H/13C‐integrated MR protocol that includes a bolus injection of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate at 0 (2 h), 1, 2, 5, and 10 days post‐surgery. Separate CCI and sham rats were used for histological validation and enzyme assays.ResultsIn addition to elevated lactate, we observed significantly reduced bicarbonate production in the injured site. Unlike the immediate appearance of hyperintensity on T2‐weighted MRI, the contrast of bicarbonate signals between the injured region and the contralateral brain peaked at 24 h post‐injury, then fully recovered to the normal level at day 10. A subset of TBI rats demonstrated markedly increased bicarbonate in normal‐appearing contralateral brain regions post‐injury.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that aberrant mitochondrial metabolism occurring in acute TBI can be monitored by detecting [13C]bicarbonate production from hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate, suggesting that [13C]bicarbonate is a sensitive in‐vivo biomarker of the secondary injury processes.
Growth hormone receptor agonists and antagonists: From protein expression and purification to long‐acting formulations
Authors: Wang Yue , Kim Minah , Buckley Chantal , Maynard Heather D. , Langley Ries J. , Perry Jo K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) and GH receptor antagonists (GHAs) are used clinically to treat a range of disorders associated with GH deficiency or hypersecretion, respectively. However, these biotherapeutics can be difficult and expensive to manufacture with multiple challenges from recombinant protein generation through to the development of long‐acting formulations required to improve the circulating half‐life of the drug. In this review, we summarize methodologies and approaches used for making and purifying recombinant GH and GHA proteins, and strategies to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, including PEGylation and fusion proteins. Therapeutics that are in clinical use or are currently under development are also discussed.
Dynamic risk analysis of flammable liquid road tanker based on fuzzy Bayesian network
Authors: Luan Tingting , Zhang Xue , Chang Jianchao , Wang Yakun , Li Hongru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDue to environmental variability of combustible liquid road transportation, it is difficult to analyze risk accurately. This article proposes a method for real‐time analysis of the risk of flammable liquid road transportation using a fuzzy Bayesian network. This method combines the binary logistic regression model with the bow‐tie model to analyze the influencing factors and accident evolution. Then, a Bayesian network framework is established based on the fault tree model. In the case of limited historical accident statistics, the fuzzy set theory and Leaky Noisy‐OR theory are used to determine the prior probability and conditional probability of Bayesian network nodes, and ALOHA software is used to simulate the dangerous area of the accident to define further the safe evacuation range and emergency rescue material demand. Taking the road transportation of a tanker in Beijing as an example, the accident probability is updated in real time by monitoring the data of transportation nodes, and the change rule of risk level with internal and external conditions at different times is analyzed. The research shows that this method can dynamically describe the road transportation accidents of hazardous chemicals with the GPS data of vehicles.
Reduced‐order observer‐based adaptive event‐triggered output feedback tracking control for a class of nonlinear systems with more general nonlinearities
Authors: Sun Chen , Lin Yan , Li Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article proposes an adaptive event‐triggered output feedback tracking scheme for a class of nonlinear systems for which the system nonlinearities coupling with unmeasurable states satisfy a more general growth condition than those in the existing literature. To estimate the transformed state variables, a reduced‐order observer is first designed by using the gain scaling and estimation‐based techniques. Then, triggering conditions and event‐triggered control law are designed based on the dynamic gain, the observer states and the tracking error. It is shown that with the proposed scheme, the system communication and computation resources can be saved, the nonlinearities and the execution error can be compensated, and the tracking error can converge to an arbitrarily small residual set.