bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron metabolism disorders of patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis
Authors: de Brito Eliana da Costa Alvarenga , Siqueira Igor Valadares , Venturini James , Félix Vinícius Lopes Teodoro , dos Santos Alana Oswaldina Gavioli Meira , Mendes Rinaldo Poncio , Weber Simone Schneider , Paniago Anamaria Mello Miranda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParacoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is caused byParacoccidioidesspp.; during infection, some host mechanisms limit the availability of iron, thereby reducing its reproduction. However,Paracoccidioidesspp. can evade the immune defense and, even under limited iron conditions, use this mineral for growth and dissemination. This study evaluated the iron metabolism of 39 patients who were diagnosed with chronic PCM between 2013 and 2021. The forms of iron before treatment and at the time of clinical cure were evaluated based on the following: serum ferritin levels (storage iron); total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation (TSAT) level (transport iron); red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels; and sTfR/log ferritin ratio (functional iron). The mean age of the patients was 54.5 years (±6.7 years). Most patients were men (97.4%), rural workers (92.1%), and smokers (84.6%); most had moderate disease severity (66.7%). Before treatment, the median values of all evaluated parameters were within or just slightly outside the normal range of values. However, it is possible to infer that PCM interferes with functional and storage iron because improvements in these parameters after treatment as well as associations with disease severity were observed. Furthermore, moderate correlations were observed between C-reactive protein and the Hb (r=-0.500; p=0.002), RBC (r=-0.461; p=0.005), HCT (r=-0.514; p=0.001), and iron levels (r=-0.491; p=0.002). PCM interferes with iron metabolism by transforming functional iron to storage iron, as revealed by anemia, low iron levels with normal TSAT levels, normal TIBC, normal sTfR levels, normal sTfR/log ferritin ratios, and normal or slightly increased ferritin levels. PCM can lead to anemia of inflammation, which can be differentiated from iron deficiency anemia by a careful investigation of the iron form parameters.
Prevalence of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and its associated factors among patients with musculoskeletal compliant at Dilchora Referral Hospitals in Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Yesuf Tewodros , Aragie Hailu , Asmare Yared 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCarpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a chronic focal mono-neuropathy caused by mechanical distortion of the nerve at the carpal tunnel. It is thought to affect between 4 and 5 % of people worldwide, 50 per1000 persons in developed countries, 12.1% in east Africa and 29.2% Ethiopia. The common risk factors include but not limited to, age, sex, inflammatory conditions, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Despite this, carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence and its associated factors among patients with musculoskeletal complaints are unaddressed.ObjectivesThis study’s aim was to assess the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome and its associated factors among patients with musculoskeletal complaints in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.MethodologyAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to 30, 2022 at Dilchora referral hospital. 265 study participants were selected using the systematic sampling technique. Interviewing techniques and physical examination of the hands and wrists were used to get the data. Epi Data version 3.1 was used to enter, clean up, and edit the data before exporting it for analysis to SPSS version 23.0 software. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were carried out with a 95% confidence interval to identify the association of independent and dependent variables. A P-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultA total of 260 respondents were included in this study. The prevalence of clinically proven carpal tunnel syndrome among study participants was 10.8%, with a 95 % CI of (6.99 to 14.6). A multivariable analysis found that being female (AOR: 3.26 (95% CI: 1.05, 10.08), being physically inactive (AOR: 6.32 (95% CI: 1.95, 20.52), diabetes mellitus (AOR: 4.23 (95% CI: 1.47, 11.97)), hypertension (AOR: 6.07 (95% CI: 1.70, 21.65)), hand ratio ≤2.1 (AOR: 7.31(95% CI: 1.80, 29.66)), and wrist ratio ≥ 0.72 (AOR: 5.94 (95% CI: 2.11, 16.72)) were statistically associated factors of carpal tunnel syndrome. But, BMI were not statistically associated with CTS.ConclusionThe prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome among patients with musculoskeletal compliant was 10.8%. Several risk factors for CTS have been identified.
Phenome-wide Investigation of Behavioral, Environmental, and Neural Associations with Cross-Disorder Genetic Liability in Youth of European Ancestry
Authors: Paul Sarah E. , Colbert Sarah M.C. , Gorelik Aaron J. , Hansen Isabella S. , Nagella I. , Blaydon L. , Hornstein A. , Johnson Emma C. , Hatoum Alexander S. , Baranger David A.A. , Elsayed Nourhan M. , Barch Deanna M. , Bogdan Ryan , Karcher Nicole R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTEtiologic insights into psychopathology may be gained by using hypothesis-free methods to identify associations between genetic risk for broad psychopathology and phenotypes measured during adolescence, including both markers of child psychopathology and intermediate phenotypes such as neural structure that may link genetic risk with outcomes. We conducted a phenome-wide association study (phenotype n=1,269-1,694) of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for broad spectrum psychopathology (i.e., Compulsive, Psychotic, Neurodevelopmental, and Internalizing) in youth of PCA-selected European ancestry (n=5,556; ages 9-13) who completed the baseline and/or two-year follow-up of the ongoing Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM (ABCD) Study. We found that Neurodevelopmental and Internalizing PRS were significantly associated with a host of proximal as well as distal phenotypes (Neurodevelopmental: 187 and 211; Internalizing: 122 and 173 phenotypes at baseline and two-year follow-up, respectively), whereas Compulsive and Psychotic PRS showed zero and one significant associations, respectively, after Bonferroni correction. Neurodevelopmental PRS were further associated with brain structure metrics (e.g., total volume, mean right hemisphere cortical thickness), with only cortical volume indirectly linking Neurodevelopmental PRS to grades in school. Genetic variation influencing risk to psychopathology manifests broadly as behaviors, psychopathology symptoms, and related risk factors in middle childhood and early adolescence.
Clinical genome sequencing: three years’ experience at a tertiary children’s hospital
Authors: Kumar Runjun D. , Saba Lisa F. , Streff Haley , Lopez-Terrada Dolores , Scull Jennifer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionGenome sequencing (GS) may shorten the diagnostic odyssey for patients, but clinical experience with this assay in non-research settings remains limited. Texas Children’s Hospital began offering GS as a clinical test to admitted patients in 2020, providing an opportunity to study how GS is utilized, potential for misorders, and outcomes of testing.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of GS orders for admitted patients for a nearly 3-year period from March 2020 through December 2022. We gathered anonymized clinical data from the electronic health record to answer the study questions.ResultsThe diagnostic yield over 97 admitted patients was 35%. The majority of GS clinical indications were neurologic or metabolic (61%) and most patients were in intensive care (58%). Tests were often characterized as misordered (56%), frequently due to redundancy with prior testing. Patients receiving GS without prior exome sequencing (ES) had higher diagnostic rates (45%) than the cohort as a whole. In two cases, GS revealed a molecular diagnosis that is unlikely to be detected by ES.ConclusionsThe performance of GS in clinical settings likely justifies its use as a first-line diagnostic test, but the incremental benefit for patients with prior ES may be limited.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing Destabilizes Ventricular Repolarization
Authors: Solhjoo Soroosh , Haigney Mark C. , Siddharthan Trishul , Koch Abigail , Punjabi Naresh M. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTRationaleSleep-disordered breathing (SDB) increases the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.ObjectivesTo characterize the associations between SDB, intermittent hypoxemia, and the beat-to-beat QT variability index (QTVI), a measure of ventricular repolarization lability associated with a higher risk for cardiac arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and mortality.MethodsThree distinct cohorts were used for the current study. The first cohort, used for cross-sectional analysis, was a matched sample of 122 participants with and without severe SDB. The second cohort, used for longitudinal analysis, consisted of a matched sample of 52 participants with and without incident SDB. The cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts were selected from the Sleep Heart Health Study participants. The third cohort comprised 19 healthy adults exposed to acute intermittent hypoxia and ambient air on two separate days. Electrocardiographic measures were calculated from one-lead electrocardiograms.ResultsCompared to those without SDB, participants with severe SDB had greater QTVI (-1.19 in participants with severe SDB vs. -1.43 in participants without SDB,P= 0.027), heart rate (68.34 vs. 64.92 beats/minute;P= 0.028), and hypoxemia burden during sleep as assessed by the total sleep time with oxygen saturation less than 90% (TST90; 11.39% vs. 1.32%,P< 0.001). TST90, but not the frequency of arousals, was a predictor of QTVI. QTVI during sleep was predictive of all-cause mortality. With incident SDB, mean QTVI increased from -1.23 to -0.86 over 5 years (P= 0.017). Finally, exposing healthy adults to acute intermittent hypoxia for four hours progressively increased QTVI (from -1.85 at baseline to -1.64 after four hours of intermittent hypoxia;P= 0.016).ConclusionsPrevalent and incident SDB are associated with ventricular repolarization instability, which predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Intermittent hypoxemia destabilizes ventricular repolarization and may contribute to increased mortality in SDB.
Catchii: empowering literature review screening in healthcare
Authors: Halman Andreas , Oshlack Alicia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA systematic review is a type of literature review that aims to collect and analyse all available evidence from the literature on a particular topic. The process of screening and identifying eligible articles from the vast amounts of literature is a time-consuming task. Specialized software has been developed to aid in the screening process and save significant time and labour. However, the most suitable software tools that are available often come with a cost or only offer either a limited or a trial version for free.In this paper, we report the release of a new software application, Catchii, which contains all the necessary features of a systematic review screener application while being completely free. It supports a user at different stages of screening, from detecting duplicates to creating the final flowchart for a publication. Catchii is designed to provide a good user experience and streamline the screening process through its clean and user-friendly interface on both computers and mobile devices, as well as features such as multi-coloured keyword highlighting, the ability to screen titles and abstracts smoothly with an unstable or even absent internet connection, and more.Catchii is a valuable addition to the current selection of systematic review screening applications that also allows researchers without financial capabilities to access many of the features found in the best paid tools. Catchii is available athttps://catchii.org
Concurrent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography Measures are Associated with Antidepressant Response from rTMS Treatment for Depression
Authors: Bailey Neil W. , Hoy Kate E. , Sullivan Caley M. , Allman Brienna , Rogasch Nigel C. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Fitzgerald Paul B 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundResponse rates to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for depression are 25-45%. Biomarkers predicting response to rTMS may reduce treatment burden. TMS-evoked neural activity recorded via electroencephalography (EEG) has potential as a biomarker of treatment response. We examined whether these measures could differentiate responders and non-responders to rTMS for depression.MethodsThirty-nine patients with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD) and 21 healthy controls received TMS during EEG recordings (TMS-EEG). MDD participants then completed 5-8 weeks of rTMS treatment. Repeated measures ANOVAs compared N100 amplitude, N100 slope, and theta power across 3 groups (responders, non-responders and controls), 2 hemispheres (left, F3, and right, F4), and 2 stimulation types (single pulse and paired pulses with a 100ms inter-pulse interval [pp100]).ResultsNeither N100 amplitude nor theta power differed between responders and non-responders. The control group showed more negative N100 amplitudes than the combined depression group. Responders showed a steeper negative N100 slope for single pulses and steeper positive slope for pp100 pulses at F3 than non-responders. Exploratory analyses suggested this may have been due to the responder group showing larger late P60 and N100 amplitudes. Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated the difference between single and pp100 slopes provided excellent sensitivity (1.00), but poor specificity (0.455).LimitationsOur study had a small sample size.ConclusionLeft hemisphere TEPs, in particular N100 slope, may be useful in predicting non-responders to rTMS treatment for depression. Non-response prediction may be useful in saving clinical resources and patient time.
Moderating the link between discrimination and adverse mental health outcomes: Examining the protective effects of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation
Authors: Zhu Yutong , Deng Wisteria 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDiscrimination is associated with mental health problems. While prior research has demonstrated the significance of emotion regulation in explaining the onset and development of discrimination-related anxiety, few studies investigated this dynamic with cognitive flexibility among sexual and/or racial minority individuals. The current study incorporated cognitive flexibility to investigate its potential buffering effects on discrimination-related anxiety. 221 individuals, 37.6% of whom (n= 83) identified as sexual and/or racial minorities, responded to an online questionnaire about their levels of cognitive flexibility and emotion regulation, perceived discrimination, and anxiety. Moderated mediation analyses were conducted with these variables. Our findings indicated that emotion regulation difficulty (ERD) mediated the relationship between discrimination and anxiety, while cognitive flexibility had a strong moderating effect on the relationship between ERD and anxiety. These results suggested new research directions and implied the therapeutic potential of advancing cognitive flexibility skills with emotion regulation training in anxiety prevention and treatments. Future research is needed to investigate cognitive flexibility as a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying the onset and development of anxiety, to potentially lead to novel prevention or intervention for marginalized people facing additional stressors like discrimination.
Bicycle Helmet Influence in the New Millennium on United States Head, Traumatic Brain Injury, Upper and Lower Body Injury Rates
Authors: Gillham Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study compares cycling participation and helmet wearing survey results with bicycle-related total injuries, head injuries, traumatic brain injuries and upper/lower body injuries for all-ages, youth and adults who presented to emergency departments or were hospitalized in the United States from 2001 to 2020. Demographic increases/decreases in bicycle-related total injuries concur with participation survey trends, and this is reflected through injury trends for body parts not influenced by helmet wearing. The decrease in 0-17yo total ED presentations from 2001-2010 to 2011-2020 was greater than the decrease in head injuries but the decrease in total hospital admissions was less than the decrease in hospitalized head injuries. The TBI proportion of 0-17yo head injury ED presentations increased significantly, and to a lesser extent among hospitalized head injuries. 18yo+ head injury ED presentations increased at a significantly greater rate than total injuries from 2001-2010 to 2011-2020. 18yo+ hospital admissions more than doubled and head injuries increased 81.6%. The TBI proportion among 18yo+ ED head injuries increased by 9%, while the hospitalized head injury TBI proportion increased from 84.2% to 86.8%. Future studies should examine the relationship between cycling participation and head injuries to determine why total youth injuries including head injury declines were commensurate with participation declines, why adult total injuries including head injuries increased at rates above estimated participation trends, and why the TBI proportion of head injuries has increased despite a greater number of cyclists wearing helmets since 2001.
A new genetic method for diet determination from faeces that provides species level resolution in the koala
Authors: Blyton Michaela D. J. , Brice Kylie L. , Heller-Uszynska Katarzyna , Pascoe Jack , Jaccoud Damian , Leigh Kellie A. , Moore Ben D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn animal’s diet is a crucial trait that defines their realised ecological niche, especially for dietary specialists such as the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), a threatened arboreal marsupial folivore. Unfortunately, the current methods used to characterise koala diet are labour intensive, biased and/or unreliable. Further, in this study we show that four barcoding genes (ITS, ETS, CCRandmatK) are unable to resolve potential koala food trees to species. Therefore, we developed and tested a novel SNP-based method for the analysis of koala diet from faeces using the DArTseq platform. This method returned a large number of species-specific SNPs for candidate koala food tree species. Due to low within-species variation, few individuals of each tree species are needed to capture the majority of DArTseq SNP diversity. Nonetheless, we suggest sampling multiple trees to reduce the impact of high allele dropout rates in the DArTseq data. After identifying species-specific SNPs from candidate food tree species from two study sites with different assemblages of eucalypts we were able to detect those SNPs in koala faecal DNA using DArTag, a targeted genotyping assay. This enabled us to semi-quantitatively characterise the koalas’ diets. The food tree species identified were in broad agreement with previously known koala food tree species but also revealed additional species that may contribute to koala diet. This approach provides an important new tool for use in koala ecology and conservation and may prove useful in diet determination for other species where high taxonomic resolution is crucial and dietary DNA is scarce.
A bench-top dark-root device built with LEGO® bricks enables a non-invasive plant root development analysis in soil conditions mirroring nature
Authors: Dermendjiev Georgi , Schnurer Madeleine , Stewart Ethan , Nägele Thomas , Marino Giada , Leister Dario , Thür Alexandra , Plott Stefan , Jeż Jakub , Ibl Verena 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRoots are the hidden parts of plants, anchoring their above ground counterparts in the soil. They are responsible for water and nutrient uptake, as well as for interacting with biotic and abiotic factors in the soil. The root system architecture (RSA) and its plasticity are crucial for resource acquisition and consequently correlate with plant performance, while being highly dependent on the surrounding environment, such as soil properties and therefore environmental conditions.Thus, especially for crop plants and regarding agricultural challenges, it is essential to perform molecular and phenotypic analyses of the root system under conditions as near as possible to nature (#asnearaspossibletonature). To prevent root illumination during experimental procedures, which would heavily affect root development, dark-root (D-Root) devices (DRDs) have been developed. In this article, we describe the construction and different applications of a sustainable, affordable, flexible, and easy to assemble open-hardware bench-top LEGO® DRD, the DRD-BIBLOX (Brick Black Box).The DRD-BIBLOX consists of one or more 3D-printed rhizoboxes which can be filled with soil, while still providing root visibility. The rhizoboxes sit in a scaffold of secondhand LEGO® bricks, which allows root development in the dark as well as non-invasive root-tracking with an infrared (IR) camera and an IR light emitting diode (LED) cluster.Proteomic analyses confirmed significant effects of root illumination on barley root and shoot proteome. Additionally, we confirmed the significant effect of root illumination on barley root and shoot phenotypes. Our data therefore reinforces the importance of the application of field conditions in the lab and the value of our novel device, the DRD-BIBLOX.We further provide a DRD-BIBLOX application spectrum, spanning from investigating a variety of plant species and soil conditions as well as simulating different environmental conditions and stresses, to proteomic and phenotypic analyses, including early root tracking in the dark.
Light sensitive short hypocotyl (LSH) confer symbiotic nodule identity in the legume Medicago truncatula
Authors: Schiessl K. , Lee T. , Orvosova M. , Bueno-Batista M. , Stuer N. , Bailey P.C. , Mysore K.S. , Wen J. , Oldroyd G.E.D 
Published: February 2023

SummaryLegumes grow specialized root nodules that are distinct from lateral roots in morphology and function, with nodules intracellularly hosting beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria that provide the plant with a nitrogen source. We have previously shown that a lateral root-like program underpins nodule initiation, but there must be additional developmental programs that confer nodule identity. Here, we show that two members of theLIGHT SENSITIVE SHORT HYPOCOTYL (LSH)transcription factor family, predominantly known to define organ boundaries and meristem complexity in the shoot, function as regulators of nodule organ identity.LSH1/LSH2function upstream of and together with the known nodule regulatorsNuclear Factor Y-A1andNODULE ROOT1/2.The principal outcome ofLSH1/LSH2function is the production of cells able to accommodate nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the unique nodule feature. We conclude that the coordinate recruitment of a pre-existing primordium identity program, in parallel to a root initiation program, underpins the divergence between lateral roots and nodules.