bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coxsackievirus and Type 1 Diabetes: Diabetogenic Mechanisms and Implications for Prevention
Authors: Carré Alexia , Vecchio Federica , Flodström-Tullberg Malin , You Sylvaine , Mallone Roberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The evidence for an association between coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection, pancreatic islet autoimmunity, and clinical type 1 diabetes is increasing. Results from prospective cohorts and pancreas histopathology studies have provided a compelling case. However, the demonstration of a causal relationship is missing, and is likely to remain elusive until tested in humans by avoiding exposure to this candidate viral trigger. To this end, CVB vaccines have been developed and are entering clinical trials. However, the progress made in understanding the biology of the virus and in providing tools to address the long-standing question of causality contrasts with the scarcity of information about the antiviral immune responses triggered by infection. Beta-cell death may be primarily induced by CVB itself, possibly in the context of poor immune protection, or secondarily provoked by T-cell responses against CVB-infected beta cells. The possible involvement of epitope mimicry mechanisms skewing the physiological antiviral response toward autoimmunity has also been suggested. We here review the available evidence for each of these 3 non-mutually exclusive scenarios. Understanding which ones are at play is critical to maximize the odds of success of CVB vaccination, and to develop suitable tools to monitor the efficacy of immunization and its intermingling with autoimmune onset or prevention.
In the Church of Saint Jane: Literature, Lived Religion, and the Descriptive Turn
Authors: Hernandez Alex Eric 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis essay explores tensions between the practice of critique and recent calls for nonreductive engagement with global spiritualities, arguing for an approach to these experiences that is informed by the study of “lived religion.” Beginning with a discussion of contemporary devotional readings centered on Jane Austen’s oeuvre, it asks how literary criticism might productively read the long-standing entanglement of Austen studies with practices typically dismissed as problematically cultic, religious, or spiritually syncretic. In response to this, the essay places lived religion’s methodological approaches and many of its core insights in dialogue with contemporary discussions of description and postcritique in the literary humanities, drawing out shared implications, potential strengths, and limitations in the reading of religion. The essay thereby argues for increased attention not only to how text is used in idiosyncratic spiritual practices but to our own assumptions about what religion is and does for practitioners and critics alike.
The Good, the Bad, and the Unhirable: Recommending Job Applicants in Online Labor Markets
Authors: Kokkodis Marios , Ipeirotis Panagiotis G. 
Published: March 2023

Choosing job applicants to hire in online labor markets is hard. To identify the best applicant at hand, employers need to assess a heterogeneous population. Recommender systems can provide targeted job-applicant recommendations that help employers make better-informed and faster hiring choices. However, existing recommenders that rely on multiple user evaluations per recommended item (e.g., collaborative filtering) experience structural limitations in recommending job applicants: Because each job application receives only a single evaluation, these recommenders can only estimate noisy user-user and item-item similarities. On the other hand, existing recommenders that rely on classification techniques overcome this limitation. Yet, these systems ignore the hired worker’s performance—and, as a result, they uniformly reinforce prior observed behavior that includes unsuccessful hiring choices—while they overlook potential sequential dependencies between consecutive choices of the same employer. This work addresses these shortcomings by building a framework that uses job-application characteristics to provide recommendations that (1) are unlikely to yield adverse outcomes (performance-aware) and (2) capture the potentially evolving hiring preferences of employers (sequence-aware). Application of this framework on hiring decisions from an online labor market shows that it recommends job applicants who are likely to get hired and perform well. A comparison with advanced alternative recommender systems illustrates the benefits of modeling performance-aware and sequence-aware recommendations. An empirical adaptation of our approach in an alternative context (restaurant recommendations) illustrates its generalizability and highlights its potential implications for users, employers, workers, and markets. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4690 .
Delay-Adaptive Learning in Generalized Linear Contextual Bandits
Authors: Blanchet Jose , Xu Renyuan , Zhou Zhengyuan 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we consider online learning in generalized linear contextual bandits where rewards are not immediately observed. Instead, rewards are available to the decision maker only after some delay, which is unknown and stochastic. Such delayed feedback occurs in several active learning settings, including product recommendation, personalized medical treatment selection, bidding in first-price auctions, and bond trading in over-the-counter markets. We study the performance of two well-known algorithms adapted to this delayed setting: one based on upper confidence bounds and the other based on Thompson sampling. We describe modifications on how these two algorithms should be adapted to handle delays and give regret characterizations for both algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, our regret bounds provide the first theoretical characterizations in generalized linear contextual bandits with large delays. Our results contribute to the broad landscape of contextual bandits literature by establishing that both algorithms can be made to be robust to delays, thereby helping clarify and reaffirm the empirical success of these two algorithms, which are widely deployed in modern recommendation engines. Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grants 2118199, 1915967, and CCF-2106508], the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Award FA9550-20-1-0397], a Digital Twin research grant from Bain & Company, and a faculty research grant from New York University’s Center for Global Economy and Business.
Feasibility and usability of a very low-cost bubble continuous positive airway pressure device including oxygen blenders in a Ugandan level two newborn unit
Authors: Hedstrom Anna B. , Nyonyintono James , Saxon Eugene A. , Nakamura Heidi , Namakula Hilda , Niyonshaba Beatrice , Nakakande Josephine , Simpson Noelle , Vaughan Madeline , Wollen Alec , Mubiri Paul , Waiswa Peter , Coffey Patricia S. , Batra Maneesh 
Published: March 2023

Background
Preterm birth and resulting respiratory failure is a leading cause of newborn death- the majority of which occur in resource-constrained settings and could be prevented with bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP). Commercialized devices are expensive, however, and sites commonly use improvised devices utilizing 100% oxygen which can cause blindness. To address this, PATH and a multidisciplinary team developed a very low-cost bCPAP device including fixed-ratio oxygen blenders.

Objective
We assessed feasibility of use of the device on neonatal patients as well as the usability and acceptability of the device by healthcare workers. This study did not evaluate device effectiveness.

Methods
The study took place in a Ugandan level two unit. Neonates with respiratory failure were treated with the bCPAP device. Prospective data were collected through observation as well as likert-style scales and interviews with healthcare workers. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means and standard deviation and interviews via a descriptive coding method. Retrospectively registered via ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT05462509.

Results
Fourteen neonates were treated with the bCPAP device in October—December 2021. Patients were born onsite (57%), with median weight of 1.3 kg (IQR 1–1.8). Median treatment length was 2.5 days (IQR 2–6). bCPAP was stopped due to: improvement (83%) and death (17%). All patients experienced episodes of saturations >95%. Median time for device set up: 15 minutes (IQR 12–18) and changing the blender: 15 seconds (IQR 12–27). After initial device use, 9 out of 9 nurses report the set-up as well as blender use was “easy” and their overall satisfaction with the device was 8.5/10 (IQR 6.5–9.5). Interview themes included the appreciation for the ability to administer less than 100% oxygen, desire to continue use of the device, and a desire for additional blenders.

Conclusions
In facilities otherwise using 100% oxygen, use of the bCPAP device including oxygen blenders is feasible and acceptable to healthcare workers.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier NCT05462509.
Immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and sequential administration of yellow fever YF-17D vaccine and tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate TAK-003: A phase 3 randomized, controlled study
Authors: Tricou Vianney , Essink Brandon , Ervin John E. , Turner Mark , Escudero Ian , Rauscher Martina , Brose Manja , Lefevre Inge , Borkowski Astrid , Wallace Derek 
Published: March 2023

Background
Yellow fever (YF) vaccination is often mandatory for travelers to YF-endemic areas. The areas with risk of YF partially overlap with those of dengue, for which there is currently no recommended vaccine available for dengue-naïve individuals. This phase 3 study assessed the immunogenicity and safety of concomitant and sequential administration of YF (YF-17D) and tetravalent dengue (TAK-003) vaccines in healthy adults aged 18–60 years living in areas of the US non-endemic for either virus.

Methods
Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive the following vaccinations at Months 0, 3, and 6, respectively: YF-17D+placebo, TAK-003, and TAK-003 (Group 1); TAK-003+placebo, TAK-003, and YF-17D (Group 2); or YF-17D+TAK-003, TAK-003, and placebo (Group 3). The primary objective was to demonstrate non-inferiority (upper bound of 95% confidence interval [UB95%CI] of difference <5%) of YF seroprotection rate one month following concomitant administration of YF-17D and TAK-003 (Group 3) compared with YF-17D plus placebo (Group 1). The secondary objectives included demonstration of non-inferiority of YF and dengue geometric mean titers (GMTs) (UB95%CI for GMT ratio <2.0), and safety.

Results
900 adults were randomized. YF seroprotection rates one month post-YF-17D (Month 1) were 99.5% and 99.1% in Group 1 and 3, respectively, and non-inferiority was demonstrated (UB95%CI = 2.69% i.e. <5%). Non-inferiority was also demonstrated for GMTs against YF one month post-YF-17D, and against DENV-2, -3, and -4 (UB95%CI <2), but not DENV-1 (UB95%CI: 2.22), one month post-second TAK-003 vaccination. Adverse event rates following TAK-003 were consistent with previous results, and no important safety risks were identified.

Conclusions
In this study, YF-17D vaccine and TAK-003 were immunogenic and well tolerated when sequentially or concomitantly administered. The non-inferiority of immune responses to YF-17D and TAK-003 was demonstrated for concomitant administration of the 2 vaccines compared to separate vaccination, except against DENV-1 but with GMTs similar to those observed in other TAK-003 trials.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identified: NCT03342898.
Medical students’ perception of resilience and of an innovative curriculum-based resilience skills building course: A participant-focused qualitative analysis
Authors: Nair Bhavana , Otaki Farah , Nair Avantika Fiza , Ho Samuel B. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Medicine is one of the most demanding academic fields with an extensive curriculum that entails plenty of potential stressors. There is sufficient evidence that medical students are more prone to psychological distress when compared to their peer group of other disciplines. Despite the established need to prioritize resilience skills building within the medical curriculum, very few medical programmes in the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA) proactively empower the students to help themselves in sustaining their mental health. The purpose of the current study is to explore the perception of medical students in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE) regarding their understanding of, and personal experience with building resilience, and their engagement with the content of an innovative curriculum-based resilience skills building course, designed in alignment with the constructivism theory of education.

Method
The current study utilized a qualitative phenomenological research design. The curriculum-based resilience skills building course, that was investigated as part of this study, is offered at a medical school in Dubai, UAE. A total of 37 students submitted reflective essays about resilience building, in general, and the respective course, in specific. The collected data was inductively analysed following a six-step framework.

Findings
The qualitative analysis generated three interlinked themes, namely: Awareness, Application, and Appraisal.

Conclusion
This study showed that integrating a resilience skills building course into medical curricula is likely to be positively appraised by the students, where it raises their level of awareness and likelihood of proactively applying the learned concepts in their daily lives. This is especially true when the course is anchored in constructivism experiential learning theory and designed to foster self-directed learning.
Opioid prescribing and social deprivation: A retrospective analysis of prescribing for CNCP in Liverpool CCG
Authors: Begley Emma K. , Poole Helen M. , Sumnall Harry R. , Frank Bernhard F. , Montgomery Catharine 
Published: March 2023

Background
Treating Chronic Non-Cancer Pain (CNCP) with long-term, high dose and more potent opioids puts patients at increased risk of harm, whilst providing limited pain relief. Socially deprived areas mapped from Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) scores show higher rates of high dose, strong opioid prescribing compared to more affluent areas.

Objective
To explore if opioid prescribing is higher in more deprived areas of Liverpool (UK) and assess the incidence of high dose prescribing to improve clinical pathways for opioid weaning.

Design and setting
This retrospective observational study used primary care practice and patient level opioid prescribing data for N = 30,474 CNCP patients across Liverpool Clinical Commissioning Group (LCCG) between August 2016 and August 2018.

Method
A Defined Daily Dose (DDD) was calculated for each patient prescribed opioids. DDD was converted into a Morphine Equivalent Dose (MED) and patients stratified according to high (≥120mg) MED cut off. The association between prescribing and deprivation was analysed by linking GP practice codes and IMD scores across LCCG.

Results
3.5% of patients were prescribed an average dose above 120mg MED/day. Patients prescribed long-term, high dose, strong opioids were more likely to be female, aged 60+, prescribed three opioids and reside in the North of Liverpool where there is a higher density of areas in the IMD most deprived deciles.

Conclusion
A small but significant proportion of CNCP patients across Liverpool are currently prescribed opioids above the recommended dose threshold of 120mg MED. Identification of fentanyl as a contributor to high dose prescribing resulted in changes to prescribing practice, and reports from NHS pain clinics that fewer patients require tapering from fentanyl. In conclusion, higher rates of high dose opioid prescribing continue to be evident in more socially deprived areas further increasing health inequalities.
Associations of 5-year changes in alcoholic beverage intake with 5-year changes in waist circumference and BMI in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: Butler J. Lauren , Gordon-Larsen Penny , Steffen Lyn M. , Shikany James M. , Jacobs David R. , Popkin Barry M. , Poti Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2023

Objective
This study aimed to shed light on contradictory associations of alcohol intake with waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) by examining 5-yr changes in alcohol intake in relation to 5-yr WC and BMI changes.

Methods
This prospective study included 4,355 participants (1,974 men and 2,381 women) enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study at baseline (1985–1986) and followed over 25 years (2010–2011). Longitudinal random effects linear regression models were used to test whether changes in drinking (defined categorically) as starting to drink, increasing, decreasing, stable drinking or stopping drinking (versus stable non-drinking) over a series of 5-yr periods were associated with corresponding 5-yr WC and BMI changes. Associations with 5-yr changes (defined categorically as starting, stable or stopping) in drinking level (i.e., light/moderate and excessive) and 5-yr changes (defined categorically as increasing, no change, or decreasing) by beverage type (i.e., beer, wine and liquor/mixed drinks) were also examined.

Results
In men, compared to stable non-drinking, decreasing total alcohol intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β:-0.62 cm; 95% CI: -1.09, -0.14 cm) and BMI gains (β:-0.20 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.30, -0.03 kg/m2) and stopping excessive drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC gains (β:-0.77 cm; 95% CI: -1.51, -0.03 cm). In women, compared to those with stable non-drinking habits, starting light/moderate drinking was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β: -0.78 cm; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.26 cm) and BMI gains (β:-0.42 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.64, -0.20 kg/m2). Increasing wine intake was associated with a lower 5-yr BMI gain (β:-0.27 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.03 kg/m2). Decreasing liquor/mixed drink (β:-0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg/m2) intake was associated with lower 5-yr WC (β:-0.88 cm; 95% CI: -1.43, -0.34 cm) and BMI (β:-0.33 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.09 kg/m2) gains.

Conclusions
Associations of alcohol intake with obesity measures are complex. In women, wine and liquor/mixed drink intakes had contrasting associations with WC and BMI change. In men, decreasing weekly alcoholic beverage intake with an emphasis on stopping excessive consumption may be beneficial in managing WC and BMI gains.
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-mediated cardiomyocyte fusion may contribute to increased arrhythmic risk in COVID-19
Authors: Clemens Daniel J. , Ye Dan , Zhou Wei , Kim C. S. John , Pease David R. , Navaratnarajah Chanakha K. , Barkhymer Alison , Tester David J. , Nelson Timothy J. , Cattaneo Roberto , Schneider Jay W. , Ackerman Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

Background
SARS-CoV-2-mediated COVID-19 may cause sudden cardiac death (SCD). Factors contributing to this increased risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias include thrombosis, exaggerated immune response, and treatment with QT-prolonging drugs. However, the intrinsic arrhythmic potential of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the heart remains unknown.

Objective
To assess the cellular and electrophysiological effects of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the heart using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs).

Methods
hiPSC-CMs were transfected with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (CoV-2 S) or CoV-2 S fused to a modified Emerald fluorescence protein (CoV-2 S-mEm). Cell morphology was visualized using immunofluorescence microscopy. Action potential duration (APD) and cellular arrhythmias were measured by whole cell patch-clamp. Calcium handling was assessed using the Fluo-4 Ca2+ indicator.

Results
Transfection of hiPSC-CMs with CoV-2 S-mEm produced multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) displaying increased cellular capacitance (75±7 pF, n = 10 vs. 26±3 pF, n = 10; P<0.0001) consistent with increased cell size. The APD90 was prolonged significantly from 419±26 ms (n = 10) in untransfected hiPSC-CMs to 590±67 ms (n = 10; P<0.05) in CoV-2 S-mEm-transfected hiPSC-CMs. CoV-2 S-induced syncytia displayed delayed afterdepolarizations, erratic beating frequency, and calcium handling abnormalities including calcium sparks, large “tsunami”-like waves, and increased calcium transient amplitude. After furin protease inhibitor treatment or mutating the CoV-2 S furin cleavage site, cell-cell fusion was no longer evident and Ca2+ handling returned to normal.

Conclusion
The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein can directly perturb both the cardiomyocyte’s repolarization reserve and intracellular calcium handling that may confer the intrinsic, mechanistic substrate for the increased risk of SCD observed during this COVID-19 pandemic.
Stressors and coping strategies among single mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wakai Himawari , Nawa Nobutoshi , Yamaoka Yui , Fujiwara Takeo 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesIncreased levels of stress have been reported among parents due to the factors associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although social support is known as a protective factor for the stressors, restrictions due to the pandemic could influence the provision and forms of social support. To date, few qualitative studies have examined the stressors and coping strategies in detail. In particular, the role of social support for single mothers during the pandemic remains largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the stressors and coping strategies of single parents during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on social support as a coping strategy.MethodsIn-depth interviews with 20 single mothers were conducted in Japan between October and November 2021. Data were deductively coded using thematic coding based on codes related to stressors and coping strategies, focusing on social support as a coping strategy.ResultsMost interviewees recognized additional stressors after the COVID-19 outbreak. Five stressors were mentioned by the participants: (1) fear of infection, (2) financial concerns, (3) stress caused by interactions with their children, (4) restrictions on childcare facilities, and (5) stress related to staying at home. The major coping strategies were (1) informal social support from family, friends, and coworkers, (2) formal social support from municipalities or nonprofit organizations, and (3) self-coping strategies.ConclusionSingle mothers in Japan recognized additional stressors after the COVID-19 outbreak. Our results support the importance of both formal and informal social support for single mothers, either in-person or online, to cope with stress during the pandemic.
The Fluid Nature of Being: Embodied Practices for Healing and Wholeness, Linda Hartley (ed.) (2022)
Authors: Carroll Roz 
Published: March 2023

Review of: The Fluid Nature of Being: Embodied Practices for Healing and Wholeness, Linda Hartley (ed.) (2022)
London: Handspring Publishing 269 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-91342-6-491, p/bk., £34.95
The Paranoid Style in American Diplomacy, Brandon Wolfe-Hunnicutt (2021)
Authors: Sullivan Antony T. 
Published: March 2023

Review of: The Paranoid Style in American Diplomacy, Brandon Wolfe-Hunnicutt (2021)
Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 309 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-50362-791-8, p/bk, $26.00