bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of contextual factors on the prevalence of diagnostic errors among patients managed by physicians of the same specialty: a single-centre retrospective observational study
Authors: Harada Yukinori , Otaka Yumi , Katsukura Shinichi , Shimizu Taro 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundThere has been growing recognition that contextual factors influence the physician’s cognitive processes. However, given that cognitive processes may depend on the physicians’ specialties, the effects of contextual factors on diagnostic errors reported in previous studies could be confounded by difference in physicians.ObjectiveThis study aimed to clarify whether contextual factors such as location and consultation type affect diagnostic accuracy.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 1992 consecutive outpatients consulted by physicians from the Department of Diagnostic and Generalist Medicine in a university hospital between 1 January and 31 December 2019. Diagnostic processes were assessed using the Revised Safer Dx Instrument. Patients were categorised into three groups according to contextual factors (location and consultation type): (1) referred patients with scheduled visit to the outpatient department; (2) patients with urgent visit to the outpatient department; and (3) patients with emergency visit to the emergency room. The effect of the contextual factors on the prevalence of diagnostic errors was investigated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsDiagnostic errors were observed in 12 of 534 referred patients with scheduled visit to the outpatient department (2.2%), 3 of 599 patients with urgent visit to the outpatient department (0.5%) and 13 of 859 patients with emergency visit to the emergency room (1.5%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed a significantly higher prevalence of diagnostic errors in referred patients with scheduled visit to the outpatient department than in patients with urgent visit to the outpatient department (OR 4.08, p=0.03), but no difference between patients with emergency and urgent visit to the emergency room and outpatient department, respectively.ConclusionContextual factors such as consultation type may affect diagnostic errors; however, since the differences in the prevalence of diagnostic errors were small, the effect of contextual factors on diagnostic accuracy may be small in physicians working in different care settings.
Effects of physical activity interventions on physical activity and health outcomes in young people during treatment for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Langworthy Ellie , Gokal Kajal , Kettle Victoria E , Daley Amanda J 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivePhysical activity may improve health and reduce the adverse effects of cancer and/or its treatment in young people, therefore, interventions that promote physical activity are important. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the effectiveness of physical activity interventions on health outcomes in young people undergoing cancer treatment.DesignSystematic review with meta-analyses.Data sourcesEmbase, PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO, PsychArticles, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2022.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were eligible for inclusion if they were RCTs, recruited young patients with cancer receiving cancer treatment and tested an aerobic physical activity intervention. Title/abstract reports were screened against the review eligibility criteria.ResultsSearches revealed seven eligible trials that had recruited 317 participants. No differences were found in minutes per day of participation in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (MD 2.61, 95% CI −3.67 to 8.89, p=0.42), total physical activity (standardised mean difference, SMD 0.35, 95% CI −0.39 to 1.09, p=0.35) or fatigue (SMD −0.50, 95% CI −1.03 to 0.02, p=0.06). Sensitivity analyses where trials with a high risk of bias were excluded, revealed significant effects for total physical activity (SMD 0.87, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.57, p=0.02) and fatigue (SMD 0.74, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.35), p=0.0002).ConclusionEvidence regarding the effects of physical activity interventions on the health of young people undergoing treatment for cancer is limited and mixed, where results from high-quality trials showed some promise.
Long-term outcomes and dynamic changes of in-stent stenosis after Pipeline embolization device treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Authors: Gui Siming , Chen Xiheng , Wei Dachao , Deng Dingwei , You Wei , Meng Xiangyu , Lv Jian , Feng Junqiang , Tang Yudi , Yang Shu , Chen Ting , Liu Peng , Ge Huijian , Jin Hengwei , Liu Xinke , Jiang Yuhua , Feng Wei , LI Youxiang 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundFlow diverters have revolutionized the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. However, the delayed complications associated with flow diverter use are unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence, severity, clinical outcomes, risk factors, and dynamic changes associated with in-stent stenosis (ISS) after treatment with a Pipeline embolization device (PED).MethodsPatients who underwent PED treatment between 2015 and 2020 were enrolled. The angiographic, clinical, and follow-up data of 459 patients were independently reviewed by four neuroradiologists to identify ISS. Binary logistic regression was conducted to determine ISS risk factors, and an ISS–time curve was established to demonstrate dynamic changes in ISS after PED implantation.ResultsOf the 459 treated patients, 69 (15.0%) developed ISS. At follow-up, nine patients (2.0%) with ISS demonstrated reversal, while 18 (3.9%) developed parental artery occlusion. A total of 380 patients (82.8%) achieved complete aneurysm occlusion (O’Kelly–Marotta grade D). Patients with posterior-circulation aneurysm (OR=2.895, 95% CI (1.732 to 4.838; P<0.001) or balloon angioplasty (OR=1.992, 95% CI 1.162 to 3.414; P=0.037) were more likely to develop ISS. Patients aged >54 years (OR=0.464, 95% CI 0.274 to 0.785; P=0.006) or with a body mass index of >28 kg/m2(OR=0.427, 95% CI 0.184 to 0.991; P=0.026) had a lower ISS risk. Intimal hyperplasia initiated by PED placement peaked within 1 year after the procedure, rarely progressed after 12 months, and tended to reverse within 24 months.ConclusionsISS is a common, benign, and self-limiting complication of PED implantation in the Chinese population.
Novel integration of non-invasive imaging techniques for the analysis of an egg tempera painting by Pietro Lorenzetti
Authors: Dal Fovo A. , Mattana S. , Ruberto C. , Castelli L. , Ramat A. , Riitano P. , Cicchi R. , Fontana R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe identification of an artist's palette through the application of non-invasive techniques is a challenging goal due to the huge variety of artistic materials that constitutes a painting. An effective approach is to combine several techniques providing complementary information in order to minimise the risk of misinterpreting the data. In this paper, we propose a multi-analytical method comprising three non-invasive mapping techniques, namely Reflectance Imaging Spectroscopy (RIS), Macro-X-Ray Fluorescence (MA-XRF) and Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging (FLI), for the study of a fourteenth-century painting by Pietro Lorenzetti from the Uffizi Gallery collection. For the low-cost and time-saving interpretation and integration of the data provided by the different techniques, a purposely developed software for multivariate statistical analysis was used. FLI data were acquired with a prototype applied for the first time on a work of art, and the data were processed with a method based on phasor analysis. The information obtained was discussed within a multidisciplinary team of experts on painting materials and data processing belonging to both the scientific and the conservation community.
Hydrothermally Synthesized ZnSnO3 Nanoflakes Based Low-Cost Sensing Device for High Performance CO2 Monitoring
Authors: Singh Ajeet , Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Verma Arpit , Sikarwar Samiksha , Yadav Bal Chandra 
Published: January 2023

This work reports a room temperature operative ZnSnO3 nanoflakes-based CO2 gas sensor. The perovskite ZnSnO3 nanoflakes are synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal technique. The prepared material was characterized via XRD, SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, and DLS measurement for confirming the crystal structure, surface morphology, optical properties, and size distribution. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that ZnSnO3 was in the orthorhombic phase and average crystallite size examined by the Scherrer formula was 8.05 nm. Optical studies were done by the UV–vis spectroscopy and a direct optical band gap was found to be 3.27 eV. The surface morphology of ZnSnO3 was found to nanoflakes are almost uniform dimensions. The fabricated sensor device of ZnSnO3 detected the CO2 gas at room temperature (RT) for different concentrations. The best sensor response was found to be 4.93 for 1000 ppm of CO2 whereas at 200 ppm the response and recovery times were found to be 5.92 s and 7.23 s respectively. HOMO-LUMO gap energy of ZnSnO3 without and with interaction from CO2 molecule was found 1.165 eV and 1.577 eV, respectively. DFT studies are used for a better understanding of sensing mechanisms.
Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing in the Yi Ethnic Group, Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Gao Wenfeng , Chen Xiaoru , Yao Liang , Li Jing , Gao Yuan , Li Ting , Li Yunkui , Wang Weina , Zhang Shu , He Jinge 
Published: January 2023

This study investigated drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in the Yi ethnic group. The study was designed to identify risk factors for DR-TB and its relationship with HIV/AIDS. To establish the resistance to antituberculosis drugs, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed using culture-positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis samples collected from people of the Yi ethnic group from March 2019 to March 2021. Baseline characteristics were obtained from China’s tuberculosis surveillance system. A total of 116 M. tuberculosis strains were included in the final analysis. Lineage 2.2 (75.86%) was the dominant sublineage, followed by lineage 4.5 (18.97%) and lineage 4.4 (5.17%). The rates of rifampicin-resistant (RR-TB), multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB), and preextensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) were 18.97%, 10.34%, and 6.03%, respectively. Drug-resistant strains were not found in the elderly (

age
≥
65

years

). The proportions of RR/MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB cases among re-treatment patients were higher than those among new patients (

χ

2

=
12.155

,

P
=
0.003

;

χ

2

=
22.495

,

P
=
0.001

, respectively). The pre-XDR-TB case proportions were higher among female patients than among males and higher among referred patients (

χ

2

=
5.456

,

P
=
0.032

;

χ

2

=
15.134

,

P
=
0.002

, respectively). The rates of RR/MDR-TB and pre-XDR-TB did not differ appreciably among groups with different HIV infection statuses nor lineage populations. DR-TB poses a serious challenge to the Yi ethnic group. Re-treatment patients, women, and referred patients were at high risk of MDR/RR-TB or pre-XDR-TB while HIV and lineage 2 had negligible association with drug resistance. Whole-genome sequencing should be used to guide the design of treatment regimens and to tailor public interventions.
Sex Differences in Onset and Progression of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors: Koemans Emma A. , Castello Juan Pablo , Rasing Ingeborg , Abramson Jessica R. , Voigt Sabine , Perosa Valentina , van Harten Thijs W. , van Zwet Erik W. , Terwindt Gisela M. , Gurol M. Edip , Rosand Jonathan , Greenberg Steven M. , van Walderveen Marianne A.A. , Biffi Alessandro , Viswanathan Anand , Wermer Marieke J.H. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) disease course is highly variable even in hereditary forms. Sex may be a possible modifying factor. We investigated biological sex differences in clinical disease course and magnetic resonance imaging-markers in sporadic (sCAA) and Dutch-type hereditary CAA (D-CAA).

Methods:
Patients with D-CAA and sCAA were included from hospital and research databases of the Leiden University Medical Center (2012–2020) and Massachusetts General Hospital (1994–2012). Key outcomes were: sex differences in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) onset, recurrence and survival (analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival and regression analyses), and sex differences in magnetic resonance imaging-markers in D-CAA (explored using scatterplots), and in sCAA (investigated using regression analysis).

Results:

We included 136 patients with D-CAA (mean age 57 years, 56% women, 64% with previous sICH) and 370 patients with sCAA (mean age 76 years, 51% women, all with previous sICH). Men and women with D-CAA did not differ for sICH onset (median age 54 in men and 56 in women [
P
=0.13]). Men with D-CAA had a slightly higher number of sICH compared with women (median 2 versus 1; adjusted RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.1–1.9]) and a shorter interval between the first and second sICH (median 1.8 years for men and 3.1 years for women,
P
=0.02). Men with sCAA had their first sICH at an earlier age (median 75 versus 78 years, respectively,
P
=0.003) and more lobar microbleeds (median 1 versus 0,
P
=0.022) compared with women with sCAA. No substantial differences were found in the other magnetic resonance imaging markers. Survival after first sICH was comparable between sexes for D-CAA (
P
=0.12) and sCAA (
P
=0.23).

Conclusions:
Men with CAA seem to have an earlier onset (sCAA) and more hemorrhagic disease course (sCAA and D-CAA) compared with women. Future studies are necessary to confirm these findings and determine the underlying role of sex-related factors.
Elevated Adenomatous Polyp Detection Rate Among Alaska Native and American Indian People in Interior Alaska, 2018-2022
Authors: Redwood Diana G. , Prewitt Jennifer J. , Holt Mikaila C. , Gerrish Stephen S. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are twice as high among Alaska Native people as among non-Hispanic White people in the United States; as such, colonoscopy is a recommended screening test for Alaska Native people. Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is measured in patients at average risk of CRC undergoing initial screening colonoscopy and reflects the prevalence of precancerous polyps in a screened population. We evaluated the ADR among Alaska Native people living in Interior Alaska. Methods: This project evaluated the ADR among Alaska Native and American Indian adults aged ≥40 years (N = 460) living in Interior Alaska, using a retrospective medical record review of patients referred for screening colonoscopy from February 1, 2018, through March 31, 2022. The main outcome measure was ADR, stratified by age and sex. Results: The ADR was 45.0% overall: 43.0% among women and 47.1% among men. Among patients aged ≥50 years, the ADR was 67.1%: 62.7% among women and 70.7% among men. Among patients aged 40-49 years, the ADR was 34.4%: 35.3% among women and 33.3% among men. Conclusions: Measured ADR was high among Alaska Native men and women aged ≥50 years in Interior Alaska and in all age groups that were screened. These findings have implications for which CRC screening methods, intervals, and age to begin screening are most appropriate for Alaska Native people, as well as the need for future research on the pathology, etiology, and natural history of CRC in this population.
Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for shoulder pain after stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Tingyu , Zhang Cai 
Published: January 2023

Objective To systematically review the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) for shoulder pain after stroke. Data sources A systematic review of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, SinoMed, WanFang Data, VIP, and ClinicalTrials.gov from the establishment of the database to 20 December 2022 was carried out. Review methods The bibliography was screened to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that applied extracorporeal shock waves to shoulder pain after stroke. Two researchers independently searched, screened, and extracted data from each database according to the search strategy and resolved any disagreements through negotiation. Results A total of 18 RCTs were included (1248 individuals). Meta-analysis showed that the ESWT group had better visual analogue scale (VAS) scores (mean difference (MD) =  − 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) [ − 1.43, − 0.95], p < 0.00001), Fugl-Meyer assessment upper extremity scale (FMA-UE) scores (MD = 6.25, 95% CI [4.64, 7.87], p < 0.00001), active range of motion (AROM) assessment (MD = 11.28, 95% CI [5.26, 17.30], p = 0.0002), and functional comprehensive assessment (FCA) scores (MD = 5.47, 95% CI [4.45, 6.49], p < 0.00001) comparative to the control group; no statistical significance in Constant-Murley score (CMS) (MD = 0.98, 95% CI [ − 11.05, 13.02], p = 0.87) and descriptive analysis of modified Barthel Index (MBI) only. Conclusion The ESWT improves pain levels, motor function, active mobility, comprehensive function of shoulder, and activities of daily living (ADL) better than conventional treatment in patients with shoulder pain after stroke.
Benzonatate Safety and Effectiveness: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Costantino Ryan C. , Leonard James , Gorman Emily F. , Ventura Davide , Baltz Alan , Gressler Laura Elisabeth 
Published: January 2023

Objective: To review the available literature regarding the treatment effects and efficacy of benzonatate needed to better inform patients, providers, and regulators evaluating its role in modern medical therapies. Data Sources: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Library, and Scopus for original research articles evaluating the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety profile of benzonatate from January 1956 through August 2022. Study Selection and Data Extraction: The identified studies were screened for relevance and then assessed for inclusion through a full-text review, data extraction, and quality assessment by multiple reviewers using the online software Covidence. Data Synthesis: The selection process resulted in 37 articles consisting of 21 cohort studies, 5 experimental studies, and 11 case studies and series. Initial clinical studies exploring potential therapeutic benefits collected data from very small populations and limited clinical settings. Safety is primarily assessed in terms of toxicity due to overdose or inappropriate use. Quality assessment raised concerns for high degrees of biases primarily related to the limited sample size, data collection, generalizability, and study design. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: This review reveals substantial limitations within existing evidence pertaining to the safety and clinical effectiveness of benzonatate and thus, a need for large observational studies or randomized trials to better characterize its role and value in modern medical practice. Conclusions: Rising safety concerns should bring closer scrutiny upon the prescription of benzonatate whose approval is founded upon evidence that would not stand up to current regulatory review.
Vonoprazan With Amoxicillin or Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin for the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Liu Ligang , Nahata Milap C. 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To describe the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and potential role of vonoprazan with amoxicillin or amoxicillin and clarithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched using the terms: (vonoprazan OR voquezna) AND (“ H. pylori” OR “ Helicobacter pylori”) AND amoxicillin with no date limitations up to November 3, 2022. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies assessing the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan with amoxicillin and/or clarithromycin were included and divided into 3 groups based on different comparisons between treatment regimens used in each group. Data Synthesis: Ten clinical trials and 17 observational studies were included. Vonoprazan-based therapy demonstrated greater acid inhibition and similar or higher efficacy than proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-based therapy in treatment-naïve patients and with clarithromycin-resistant infections. Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: Proton-pump inhibitor-based therapies have not reached the desired successful eradication rate of 90% for H. pylori infection. Vonoprazan-based therapies being at least as effective as PPI-based therapies offer an alternative for patients with H. pylori infection. Conclusion: Vonoprazan-based therapies were effective and well tolerated for the treatment of H. pylori infection in adults. These regimens provide an important alternative with prolonged acid inhibition, lower potential for CYP2C19 polymorphism, and at least comparable efficacy and safety versus PPI-based therapies in patients with H. pylori infections. Thus, vonoprazan-based therapy should be considered for certain patients, for example, those with failure to PPI-based treatments.
Derivation and External Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Ning , Zhang Lei , Gong Shengping , Luo Zhuanbo , He Lei , Wang Linfeng , Qiu Feng , Huang Weina , Cao Chao 
Published: January 2023

Objective To investigate the risk factors of pulmonary embolism in patients with lung cancer and develop and validate a novel nomogram scoring system-based prediction model. Method We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and laboratory characteristics of 900 patients with lung cancer who were treated, including patients with lung cancer without pulmonary embolism (LC) and patients with lung cancer with pulmonary embolism (LC  +  PE). The patients were randomly divided into derivation and internal validation groups in a 7:3 ratio. Using logistic regression analysis, a diagnostic model of the nomogram scoring system was developed by incorporating selected variables in the derivation group and validated in the internal and external validation groups (n  =  108). Result Seven variables (adenocarcinoma, stage III-IV LC, indwelling central venous catheter, chemotherapy, and the levels of serum albumin, hemoglobin, and D-dimer) were identified as valuable parameters for developing the novel nomogram diagnostic model for differentiating patients with LC and LC  +  PE. The scoring system demonstrated good diagnostic performance in the derivation (area under the curve [AUC]; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.918; 0.893, 0.943; sensitivity, 88.5%; specificity, 80.5%), internal validation (AUC; 95% CI, 0.921; 0.884, 0.958; sensitivity, 90.5%; specificity, 80.4%), and external validation (AUC; 95% CI, 0.929; 0.875, 0.983; sensitivity; 85.0%; specificity; 87.5%) groups. Conclusion In this study, we constructed and validated a nomogram scoring system based on 7 clinical parameters. The scoring system exhibits good accuracy and discrimination between patients with LC and LC  +  PE and can effectively predict the risk of PE in patients with LC.