bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The configuration optimization of the plants in vertical farming by 3D modeling
Authors: Tan Kege , Zhang Ying 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Vertical farming, a terminology in landscape architecture, is designed to cater for the demand of vegetation under the impact of excessive exploid of land, especially in densely-populated areas. The study takes vertical farming in Singapore as an example, applies 3D modeling to investigate the effect of different arrangement patterns on plant light absorption in vertical farms, and proposes some measures. Through the 3D simulation process, each square of the soil for planting can be quantified in sunlight-exposure hour. The experiment result shows that configuration with an array piling up is judicious and feasible for greenhouse growth, especially for commercial usages. Different configurations of plants influence the efficiency of utilizing sunlight, and there is a better layout for a particular site in different usages. For some cities far away from tropical areas, this configuration may alleviate the impact of lacking sunlight exposure. The main advantage of vertical farms is efficiency, as they require less land and water with more yield per acre compared to conventional farms.
Simulation of using of markov decision processes in restaurant robots
Authors: Wu Shenglin , Yang Xulong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In order to make restaurant services more intelligent and complete basic services, the robot’s forward path needs to be planned. The whole restaurant could be regarded as a probabilistic model and Markov decision process (MDP) can help solve this problem. This paper proposes has a more appropriate approach - Stoical shortest path (SSP), a form of MDP. SSP can update the value of the paths iteratively and compare them to find the path with the lowest cost and could instruct the shortest way for the robot.
Application of reinforcement learning algorithm on robot motion control and navigation in webots simulator
Authors: Tao Sizhe , Hu Yuanzhe , Huang Heen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Covid-19 has changed people’s way of life since its outbreak in December 2019. The transmission of the virus mainly relies on droplets or aerosols produced by infected people while they breathe, talk, cough or sneeze. The infection can occur over a long distance, especially indoors. To reduce connectivity between the people indoors such as in restaurants, the application of robots for food delivery may be one of the solutions. In this research, a reinforcement learning algorithm is applied to the motion control and navigation of a robot which can be modified into a robot food runner to maintain social distances in restaurants. In this project, we test the algorithm’s ability to explore the environment and find a suitable path to the target point through learning by comparing its trajectories to the shortest theoretical path. The results obtained through the simulation on Webots show that the algorithm works well to find a destination from a randomly selected starting point even though a random obstacle is presented. However, still it has great potential to be extended to a continuous environment.
Multi-Point path planning for robots based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Fan Zeyu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Motion Planning is a key technology for mobile robots, which decomposes a Motion task that cannot be completed by a single action into multiple discrete actions that can be performed. This paper aims to design a robot motion planning algorithm based on reinforcement learning and make a robot carry out continuous multi-objective point motion planning. Motion planning network is a planning algorithm based on a neural network, and DQN is a classical algorithm in the field of reinforcement learning. Based on the two kinds of algorithm for motion planning, the Deep Q - learning algorithm chooses the robot’s next target, and then through the motion planning of the network between the current coordinates to the next target path planning. This paper analyzes the performance of the multi-point motion planning algorithm, and the results show that the algorithm is able to a higher success rate of successful completion of the task planning, but the reward strategy derived from the experiment still has the possibility of optimization.
Danger-zone and maximum entropy deep inverse reinforcement learning for human-robot navigation
Authors: Fang Linghan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As a result of the development of artificial intelligence in recent years, scientists have gone further in the field of human-robot interaction (HRI), and one of the remaining problems is how to achieve a safe and human comfort-satisfying navigation when it comes to crowd-robot interaction (CRI). This article explores two existing deep learning reinforcement (DRL) methods, Danger-zone (DZ) and Maximum Entropy Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MEDIRL). The former method proposes a Danger-Zone to predict the trajectory of pedestrians, using the DRL network to achieve obstacle avoidance and combining advanced algorithms with it to summarize the most effective combination. The latter method collects expert demonstrations in an uncontrolled environment. It uses DNN networks to predict human behavior and compares the results with the actual trajectories to demonstrate their validity. This article summarizes and evaluates these two methods. Moreover, this article also gives various outlooks on the direction of human-computer interaction.
Research on a hypothesis of performance optimization for Op-amp circuit-based neural network models
Authors: Liu Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The operational amplifier (Op-amp) plays a significant role in the circuit design. This article proposes a topology of the multi-stage Op-amp circuit design and the theoretical calculations and LTSpice simulations are also involved in terms of the performance including the differential input resistance, voltage gain, output impedance, total current consumption. Since these performances are affected by some resistors and other devices in the circuit, optimization below the design specifications can be achieved by changing the corresponding parameters. This paper proposes a hypothesis that (Op-amp) can be optimized by establishing a linear regression model, and on the other hand, the paper claim that (Op-amp) can be optimized by building a neural network model, which can be achieved through Python.
Research on operation optimization problem of energy storage station in microgrid based on improved particle swarm optimization
Authors: Fan Yikun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In many microgrids with a lot of uncontrollable DGs, a well-planned operation of the energy storage station is an important guarantee for the stability and economy of the microgrid. To solve the operation optimization problem, the Chaos mechanism, differential evolution, and random inertia weight were introduced to propose the traditional PSO algorithm. A mathematical model for minimizing the running cost of Microgrid is established, and through MATLAB simulation, both algorithms are used to solve the same problem to observe the improvement of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the IPSO algorithm achieves performance improvement.
Based on Gaussian filter to improve the effect of the images in Gaussian noise and pepper noise
Authors: Yu Jingning 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Gaussian filter is one of the important research topics. Researchers find that Gaussian filter can suppress noise, but there is still a gap in the completeness of Gaussian filter for denoising. Therefore, the author optimized the Gaussian filter to achieve better filtering effect. By collecting SNR and PSNR data and comparing and analysing different noise types of the data under the same condition, the author explored the denoising effect of Gaussian filter method on Gaussian noise and Salt and pepper noise, and improved the Gaussian filter method. According to the comparison of SNR and PSNR data, the author found that under the default condition, the SNR value of Gaussian noise after optimization is 57.69201, and the SNR value of Salt and pepper noise is 31.5896. The PSNR value of Gaussian noise is 31.5021, and the PSNR value of Salt and pepper noise is 19.7872. The SNR and PSNR values of Gaussian noise are much larger than those of Salt and pepper noise, indicating that the denoising effect of Gaussian filter on Gaussian noise is obviously better than that of Salt and pepper noise under the same condition. The SNR value and PSNR value of Gaussian noise in the two groups of experiments are larger than Salt and pepper noise, which indicates that under the same condition, Gaussian filter is conducive to suppressing Gaussian noise and has a more significant impact on Gaussian noise.
A handbook for graphitic carbon nitrides: revisiting the thermal synthesis and characterization towards experimental standardization
Authors: Fidan Tuçe , Arat Refik , Bayazit Mustafa Kemal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4s) have continued to attract attention as metal-free, low-cost semiconductor catalysts. Herein, a systematic synthesis and characterization of g-C3N4s prepared using four conventional precursors (urea (U), dicyandiamide (DCDA), semicarbazide hydrochloride (SC-HCl), and thiosemicarbazide (TSC)) and an unexplored one (thiosemicarbazide hydrochloride (TSC-HCl)) is presented. Equal synthesis conditions (e.g. heating and cooling rates, temperature, atmosphere, reactor type/volume etc) mitigated the experimental error, offering fair comparability for a library of g-C3N4s. The highest g-C3N4 amount per mole of the precursor was obtained for D-C3N4 (∼37.85 g), while the lowest was for S-C3N4 (∼0.78 g). HCl addition to TSC increased the g-C3N4 production yield (∼5-fold) and the oxygen content (T-C3N4
∼
3.17% versus TCl-C3N4
∼
3.80%); however, it had a negligible effect on the level of sulphur doping (T-C3N4
∼
0.52% versus TCl-C3N4
∼
0.45%). S-C3N4 was the darkest in color (reddish brown), and the band gap energies were S-C3N4(2.00 eV) < T-C3N4(2.74 eV) < TCl-C3N4(2.83 eV) ≤ D-C3N4(2.84 eV) < U-C3N4(2.97 eV). The experimentally derived conduction band position of S-C3N4(−0.01 eV) was closer to the Fermi energy level than the others, attributable to high oxygen atom doping (∼5.11%). S-C3N4 displayed the smallest crystallite size (∼3.599 nm by XRD) but the largest interlayer distance (∼0.3269 nm). Furthermore, BET surface areas were 138.52 (U-C3N4), 22.24 (D-C3N4), 18.63 (T-C3N4), 10.51 (TCl-C3N4), and 9.31 m2 g−1 (S-C3N4). For the first time, this comprehensive handbook gives a glimpse of a researcher planning g-C3N4-based research. It also introduces a novel oxygen-sulphur co-doped g-C3N4 (TCl-C3N4) as a new halogen-free catalyst with a relatively high production yield per mole of precursor (∼24.09 g).
16 Drug prescribing in older patients with reduced kidney function—how do we fair?
Authors: Teh J W , Okon M , Tan T , Waters R , Canavan M , Walsh T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The population is getting older and projected to rise over the coming decades. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) will also become more prevalent as CKD is more prevalent in older people. Patients with CKD tends to have multiple comorbidities, and this is compounded by ageing. Both these factors increase their risk of polypharmacy due to altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. We aim to identify the rate of polypharmacy (≥5 medications) and hyper-polypharmacy (≥10 medications) in patient age ≥ 75 with reduced kidney function and to identify prescribing of medications requiring renal dose adjustment.

Methods
A cross-sectional audit was performed across 3 days in August 2022. Patients age ≥ 75 admitted were identified using PIMS. We reviewed their Kardex for medications prescribed, EVOLVE for kidney function parameter and medical notes for indications for medication prescribed and need for sick day rule.

Results
N = 74 patients included with a mean age 82.9 years, 39/74(52.7%) male and 51/74(68.9%) of weights recorded. Mean number of medications prescribed was 11.4. The rate of polypharmacy was 72/74(97.3%) while hyper-polypharmacy was 43/74(58.1%). 36/74(48.6%) have eGFR&lt;60 mL/min/1.73m2. In this cohort with reduced kidney function, the rate of polypharmacy was 35/36(97.2%) while hyper-polypharmacy was 22/36(61.1%). 27/74(36.5%) were on DOACs. Of those on apixaban, 4/19(21.1%) incorrectly prescribed while 3/19(15.8%) may be on the wrong dose, due to missing weight. Other medications include sitagliptin; 1/2 were over-dosed, alendronate; 1/2 prescribed 35 mg weekly with end-stage kidney disease and nitrofurantoin; 1/1 over-dosed. Sick day rule is applicable in 10/74(13.5%); 9/10(90%) complied.

Conclusion
The prevalence of polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy among inpatient population age ≥ 75 is high and hyper-polypharmacy is more prevalent with reduced kidney function. There was incomplete and inaccurate prescribing of medications, weight and indications on Kardexes. There needs to be improved awareness regarding prescribing in an already vulnerable population with multiple co-existing chronic disease.
22 Point prevalence study of therapeutic anticoagulation dosage based on renal function in an older population
Authors: Connellan D , Cronin C , Finnan K , Power D , Sadlier D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Older patients (age &gt; 65 years) are frequently prescribed Therapeutic Anticoagulation (TA), most commonly for Atrial Fibrillation (AF) and Venous Thrombo-Embolism (VTE). Importantly, advanced age (&gt; 80 years) increases the risk of anticoagulation-associated major haemorrhage.

Methods
A point prevalence observational study of all patients admitted to a Post-Acute Care Unit (PACU) was undertaken. In addition to demographic information, prescribing data and indication for TA was collected. Laboratory data collected included serum creatinine (sCr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the MDRD formula. Dosing of anticoagulation based on renal function, age and weight was assessed and compared to the Health Products Regulatory Authority (HPRA) recommended guidelines.

Results
70 patients were admitted to PACU on the day of study. 34.3% (n = 24) were prescribed TA, these patients were older (age 83.7 ± 7.9 years) and majority were male (M:F = 66%:34%), median weight was 60.45 kg (range = 41.3–91.6 kg). Indications for anticoagulation were AF 71% (n = 17), VTE 17% (n = 4), mixed AF/VTE 8% (n = 2) and mechanical valve replacement 4% (n = 1). Apixaban was the most commonly prescribed anticoagulant (66%, n = 16), followed by Rivaroxaban (12.5%, n = 3), Dabigatran (8%, n = 2), Enoxaparin (8%, n = 2) and Warfarin (4%, n = 1). In 66.7% (n = 16), the CrCl resulted in lower renal function than the eGFR, and in over 40% of cases the difference resulted in a dose adjustment of TA prescribed. Overall, CrCl was &lt;50 mL/min in 58.3% (n = 14); CrCl 30–50 mL/min in 33% (n = 8), CrCl 15–29 mL/min in 21% (n = 5) and CrCl &lt;15 mL/min in 4% (n = 1). In 25% of patients (n = 6), the dose of TA was incorrect with lower CrCl more likely to result in dose reduction of TA.

Conclusion
TA is an important treatment in older patients and this study showed that reduced renal function is likely to result in reduced dosing, which may produce a subtherapeutic response.
23 Rapid access stroke prevention clinic, are we adhering to international recommendations?
Authors: McCarthy K , James K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Transient Ischaemic attack (TIA), accounted for over 2000 hospital admissions in Ireland in 2020. 25% of all TIA presentations develop stroke. The European Stroke Organisation (ESO) and National Stroke Strategy have recommended the development of rapid access stroke prevention (RASP) clinics, to reduce morbidity associated with devastating stroke event and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions. This project reviews the functionality of a RASP clinic in an Irish hospital and compares it to international recommendations.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of patients who had been referred to the clinic over a three month period was performed. The initial referral date, clinic review date, date of any appropriate investigations and final diagnosis were collected and compared against the current recommendations. Quantitative analysis was performed on this data.

Results
A total of 43 patients were included, 18 were referred by the emergency department (ED), 25 by general practitioners (GP). On average GP referrals were waiting 5.8 days, and ED referrals 3.5 days, to be seen by a specialist. Current ESO recommendation is for specialist review within 24 hours. Of those referred, 34 underwent the recommended carotid imaging. 7 of the 43 were diagnosed with TIA, highlighting the poor sensitivity of the current risk stratification tool (ABCD2). The average time from symptom onset to referral was 3.7. With 15 patients waiting 35 days prior to seeking medical advice.

Conclusion
It is clear that, at present, the RASP clinic is not meeting the international recommendations. A number of improvements to the referral process have been proposed. The move to an electronic referral process would reduce unnecessary steps in the current pathway and would ensure the appropriate investigations were carried out, at the time of initial contact. Improved patient education on symptoms of TIA is needed. A repeat audit will take place to review if these changes have had a significant impact.
36 A comparison of the MNA® and MUST tools for nutritional screening of older patients in a day hospital setting
Authors: Connolly M , O'Brien C , Barnes L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The aim of this audit was to compare the ability of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) and the Nestle Short Form Mini Nutritional Assessment (SF-MNA®) to identify malnutrition in the older person in a Day Hospital setting. Factors such as feeding difficulty, reduced mobility and psychological distress can result in higher risk of malnutrition for the older person. An accurate screening tool for the nutritional assessment of the older person is key to preventing and managing malnutrition so that the best clinical outcomes can be achieved.

Methods
This audit was carried out over a three week period. Data from SF-MNA forms and MUST were collected prospectively on the older person (&gt;65 year old) upon visiting the day hospital. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the results.

Results
This audit includes 92 patients (n = 92). Over the three-week period, 21 patients were referred for dietetic consultation using the SF-MNA scores in comparison to 6 patients who had a MUST ≥2 which results in referral to dietetics. Based on the SF-MNA scores, 7% of patients were malnourished, 41% were at risk of malnutrition and 52% were of a normal nutritional status.

Conclusion
In conclusion, it appears that the SF-MNA would be a more appropriate and sensitive screening tool in comparison to the MUST in identifying malnutrition in the older person Day Hospital setting. The SF-MNA includes a greater variety of questions compared to the MUST (including questions on cognitive decline, psychological distress and mobility). As a result, the SF-MNA could be considered better at identifying those at risk of malnutrition compared to the MUST.
111 Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus—a disease made for frailty clinics
Authors: O'Mara G , Donlon K , Morrissey F , Burke S , Dwyer R , Crean N , Finneran F 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
NPH is one of the few reversible causes of dementia and gait disturbance. Multidisciplinary assessment is vital for diagnosis. CT findings are variable but scoring systems are available. Trial of high volume CSF drainage can be technically difficult in this population and even if there is measurable improvement after CSF drainage, referral for VP shunting can take months to years.

Methods
We present a Case Series of 10 cases of Probable NPH presenting to RFIT (Roscommon Frailty Intervention Team) over a 1 year period. Diagnosis was based on ‘Radscale’ CT Brain criteria (1) (used to differentiate from ventriculomegaly ex-vacuo) with presenting Gait and Cognitive deficits and positive response to high volume CSF drainage. Pre- and post-LP (up to 40 mL CSF drained) Gait and Cognitive findings are presented.

Results
Ten patients were diagnosed as having probable NPH using the Imperial College London diagnostic pathway. Three patients were deemed not to be fit for VP shunt. One elected to have a trail of CSF drainage for diagnostic reasons. Seven patients had high volume CSF drainage. Five patients showed improvement of &gt;15% in timed up and go. Two patients showed no improvement post-LP. Five patients were referred for VP shunt. Three patients have had shunts inserted and have improved. Two still await VP shunt insertion.

Conclusion
10 cases of probable NPH were diagnosed by the RFIT team in 1 year. We feel that as one of the very few reversible causes of progressive cognitive impairment and gait disturbance it is imperative that NPH be diagnosed as early and as definitively as possible. We highlight the utility of the Radscale CT Brain scoring system as an initial diagnostic prompt. We feel that this can be used by non-radiologist doctors, Frailty CNS or ANP, Physiotherapists in order to prompt teams to consider NPH in the differential diagnosis of Gait and cognitive abnormalities.
139 Emerging trends in the Emergency Department of a level three hospital using the Clinical Frailty Scale
Authors: Carthy D , Bell A , Cafferty G , Murphy K , Noone T , Brennan L 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a highly regarded and well validated diagnostic instrument used to measure frailty in older adults in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this review is to highlight emerging trends between the CFS and length of stay (LoS) in older adults in a level three hospital over a 2 year period.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature review to identify research that used the CFS in the ED. In conjunction with the literature, we completed a retrospective data analysis of patients over 75 admitted and discharged within a 2 year period. A comparison was made with patients reviewed by the Frailty Intervention Therapy Team (FITT) who received an interdisciplinary assessment.

Results
Over a 2 year period, 11, 961 patients over 75 years were triaged in the ED and 3,076 (26%) of these patients were assessed by the FITT. The average length of stay (LOS) for patients assessed by the FITT was 6.8 days in 2021 and 6.6 days in 2022. This is significantly lower than the hospital average for over 75 years (10 days). On closer review, it was apparent that patients scoring a CFS of 6 had a direct correlation with longer length of stay. In 2021 and 2022, a patient with a CFS 6 had a 10 day LOS, CFS 5 had an 8 day average and CFS 4 had a 5 day average. In addition, CFS 6 presentations were notably climbing. 13% of patients assessed in 2021 scored a CFS 6 (143). This rose sharply in 2022 to 24% (473).

Conclusion
Our results are consistent with other well documented studies on the relationship between CFS and increased LOS. The increase in presentations of patients with a CFS6 will increase demand on EDs; increase inpatient bed days and inevitably the associated cost and resource implications on the acute sector.