bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing monitoring of wheat leaf rust based on UAV multispectral imagery and the BPNN method
Authors: Ju Chengxin , Chen Chen , Li Rui , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhong Xiaochun , Sun Ruilin , Liu Tao , Sun Chengming 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaf rust is the most common and widely distributed wheat disease. Non‐destructive and real‐time methods for monitoring wheat leaf rust can help prevent and control plant diseases in agricultural production. In this study, we obtained multispectral imagery of the wheat canopy acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle, selected the vegetation index using the K‐means algorithm (KA) and genetic algorithm (GA), and established a wheat leaf rust monitoring model based on the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) method. The results showed that the R2 and RMSE of the KA‐BPNN model were 0.902% and 5.45% for the modeling set, respectively, and 0.784% and 4.76% for the validation set, respectively; and the R2 and RMSE of the GA‐BPNN model was 0.922% and 4.88% for the modeling set, respectively, and 0.780% and 4.28% for the validation set, respectively. The prediction model after optimizing the variables using KA and GA had higher accuracy than the BPNN model, implying that using variable dimensionality reduction methods and complex machine learning algorithms to construct estimation models can improve model accuracy significantly. These models accurately monitored leaf rust in winter wheat, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for assessing plant diseases and screening disease‐resistant wheat varieties.
The Need for Reporting Rationale and Detailed Methods in Studies that Surgically Implant Fish with Electronic Tracking Devices
Authors: Clemens Benjamin J , Matley Jordan K , Klinard Natalie V , Lennox Robert J , Sortland Lene K , Cooke Steven J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Each year, thousands of fishes are tagged with electronic devices to study their biology and inform fisheries management. Such research assumes that the process of capturing, tagging, and then holding fish to allow them to recover before release (i.e., the “tagging process”) does not alter the physiology, behavior, and survival of these fish. However, the fish can experience physiological challenges during the tagging process that may affect their behavior and survival. We have observed that the rationale used to establish protocols for holding durations and conditions of fish before and following surgery has received little attention. Here, we provide a perspective that: (1) provides an overview of the tagging process and its effects on the physiology, behavior, and survival of fish; (2) highlights the diverse holding conditions and durations used by researchers (that are often inadequately described and seem arbitrary); and (3) identifies key research needs. We conclude that decisions of whether, how, and for how long to hold tagged fish before release depend on diverse circumstances that need to be evaluated by researchers. We recommend that researchers explicitly report the details of how, when, where, and why tagged fish are held to facilitate protocols that benefit fish welfare, science, and management.
Using cortico‐cerebellar structural patterns to classify early‐ and late‐trained musicians
Authors: Shenker Joseph J. , Steele Christopher J. , Zatorre Robert J. , Penhune Virginia B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA body of current evidence suggests that there is a sensitive period for musical training: people who begin training before the age of seven show better performance on tests of musical skill, and also show differences in brain structure—especially in motor cortical and cerebellar regions—compared with those who start later. We used support vector machine models—a subtype of supervised machine learning—to investigate distributed patterns of structural differences between early‐trained (ET) and late‐trained (LT) musicians and to better understand the age boundaries of the sensitive period for early musicianship. After selecting regions of interest from the cerebellum and cortical sensorimotor regions, we applied recursive feature elimination with cross‐validation to produce a model which optimally and accurately classified ET and LT musicians. This model identified a combination of 17 regions, including 9 cerebellar and 8 sensorimotor regions, and maintained a high accuracy and sensitivity (true positives, i.e., ET musicians) without sacrificing specificity (true negatives, i.e., LT musicians). Critically, this model—which defined ET musicians as those who began their training before the age of 7—outperformed all other models in which age of start was earlier or later (between ages 5–10). Our model's ability to accurately classify ET and LT musicians provides additional evidence that musical training before age 7 affects cortico‐cerebellar structure in adulthood, and is consistent with the hypothesis that connected brain regions interact during development to reciprocally influence brain and behavioral maturation.
Management of massive airway hemorrhage associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A retrospective case series study
Authors: Zhou Hong , Shi Qindong , Guo Litao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important means of treating patients with respiratory failure. Massive airway hemorrhage is a rare complication of ECMO, with high mortality. The aim of this study was to provide a reference for improving the success rate of treatment of this complication by analyzing and summarizing patient clinical data.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE databases for case reports of massive airway bleeding associated with ECMO from January 2000 to January 2022 and included one case treated at our facility. All patients were disconnected from the ventilator, and the endotracheal tube was clamped during treatment, resulting in complete airway packing for hemostasis. The clinical data of these patients were analyzed.ResultsThrough searching and further screening, two works of literature reported four cases that met our inclusion criteria. Including our patient's case, five patients were included in this study (four adults and one neonate). The longest ECMO treatment time before bleeding was 14 days, and the shortest was 20 min. In all patients, conservative treatment was ineffective after a major airway hemorrhage. They were disconnected from the ventilator and the tracheal tube was clamped for 13–72 h. The four adult patients underwent bronchial artery embolization in the interventional radiology suite. All patients' bleeding stopped after treatment; they were successfully weaned off ECMO and discharged.ConclusionsTreatment measures to disconnect the ventilator and clamp the endotracheal tube with full support from ECMO are feasible for massive airway bleeding associated with ECMO. Early bronchial arteriography and embolization can prevent rebleeding.
ERα/LKB1 complex upregulates E‐cadherin expression and stimulates breast cancer growth and progression upon adiponectin exposure
Authors: Naimo Giuseppina Daniela , Forestiero Martina , Paolì Alessandro , Malivindi Rocco , Gelsomino Luca , Győrffy Balázs , Leonetti Adele Elisabetta , Giordano Francesca , Panza Salvatore , Conforti Francesca Luisa , Ruffo Paola , Panno Maria Luisa , Mauro Loredana , Andò Sebastiano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdiponectin is the major adipocytes‐secreted protein involved in obesity‐related breast cancer growth and progression. We proved that adiponectin promotes proliferation in ERα‐positive breast cancer cells, through ERα transactivation and the recruitment of LKB1 as ERα‐coactivator. Here, we showed that adiponectin‐mediated ERα transactivation enhances E‐cadherin expression. Thus, we investigated the molecular mechanism through which ERα/LKB1 complex may modulate the expression of E‐cadherin, influencing tumor growth, progression and distant metastasis. We demonstrated that adiponectin increases E‐cadherin expression in ERα‐positive 2D and higher extent in 3D cultures. This occurs through a direct activation of E‐cadherin gene promoter by ERα/LKB1‐complex. The impact of E‐cadherin on ERα‐positive breast cancer cell proliferation comes from the evidence that in the presence of E‐cadherin siRNA the proliferative effects of adiponectin is no longer noticeable. Since E‐cadherin connects cell polarity and growth, we investigated if the adiponectin‐enhanced E‐cadherin expression could influence the localization of proteins cooperating in cell polarity, such as LKB1 and Cdc42. Surprisingly, immunofluorescence showed that, in adiponectin‐treated MCF‐7 cells, LKB1 and Cdc42 mostly colocalize in the nucleus, impairing their cytosolic cooperation in maintaining cell polarity. The orthotopic implantation of MCF‐7 cells revealed an enhanced E‐cadherin‐mediated breast cancer growth induced by adiponectin. Moreover, tail vein injection of MCF‐7 cells showed a higher metastatic burden in the lungs of mice receiving adiponectin‐treated cells compared to control. From these findings it emerges that adiponectin treatment enhances E‐cadherin expression, alters cell polarity and stimulates ERα‐positive breast cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, sustaining higher distant metastatic burden.
People are people: A comparative analysis of risk attitudes across Europe
Authors: Brooks Chris , Williams Louis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we conduct a detailed examination of the determinants of attitudes to financial risk among retail investors in six European countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom). We find that respondents from the United Kingdom and Belgium are the most risk tolerant while those from Spain are the least. We observe remarkable similarities in the distributions of risk tolerance across countries despite cultural differences and considerable variations in the extent to which risky investing is undertaken as a routine part of financial planning. We further show that country effects in the cross‐sectional variation of attitude to risk scores are swamped by the impacts of gender, salary and wealth, while financial knowledge and prior investment experience are much more important still. Our results have implications for regulators and those who wish to encourage European investors to consider going beyond bank savings and guaranteed products to more prevalent stock market investing in an era of negative real interest rates.
A validation and modification of PLASMIC score by adjusting the criteria of mean corpuscular volume and international normalized ratio
Authors: Lee Jia‐Arng , Lin Mei‐Hwa , Kang Chun‐Min , Chuang Ming‐Kai , Fung Chi Kwan Boris , Lo Shyh‐Chyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe PLASMIC score was developed for distinguishing thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) from other types of thrombotic microangiopathy. However, two components of the PLASMIC score, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and international normalized ratio (INR), showed non‐significant differences between TTP and non‐TTP patients in previous validations. Here, we validate the PLASMIC score and aim to modify it by adjusting the criteria of MCV and INR.Materials and MethodsA retrospective validation of suspected TTP patients was performed by reviewing electronic medical records from two medical centers in Taiwan. The performance of different modified types of the PLASMIC score was carried out.ResultsAmong 50 patients included in the final analysis, 12 were diagnosed with TTP based on deficiency of ADAMTS13 activity and clinical judgement. When stratified by high (score ≥ 6) and low‐intermediate risk (score < 6), the positive predictive value (PPV) of the PLASMIC score to predict TTP was 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29‐0.61). The area under curve (AUC) was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.56‐0.82). When adjusting the criteria of the PLASMIC score from MCV < 90 fL to MCV ≥ 90 fL, the PPV increased to 0.57 (95% CI: 0.37‐0.75). The AUC was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61‐0.87). When adjusting the INR from >1.5 to >1.1, the PPV increased to 0.56 (95% CI: 0.39‐0.71). The AUC was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.68‐0.90).ConclusionMCV ≥ 90 fL and/or INR > 1.1 might be suitable modifications for PLASMIC score but should be validated in a larger sample size.
Variability and predictability of the Northeast India summer monsoon rainfall
Authors: Sharma Devabrat , Das Santu , Goswami B. N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe mesoscale orography over one of the wettest regions of the world makes the Northeast India (NEI) vulnerable to hydrological disasters while sustaining a biodiversity “hotspot.” The monsoon rainy season over the NEI is known to be longer than June–September (JJAS), but an objective definition has been lacking. Understanding the drivers and predictability of rainfall variability over the region is key for sustainable development planning and adaptation to increasing disasters in the backdrop of a warming climate but remained poor due to lack of a working definition of “summer monsoon season” over NEI. Here, using the relationship between rainfall over the region and winds at 850 hPa over North Bay of Bengal (BoB), we provide an objective definition of the monsoon season over NEI and argue that the “summer monsoon rainy season” over the NEI (NEIR) is from May to September (MJJAS). In contrast to a significant negative relationship between JJAS Central India (CI) rainfall and a JJAS El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index, the MJJAS rainfall over the NEI has no relationship with MJJAS or JJAS ENSO. Instead, we unravel that (a) the tropical Northwest‐Pacific (TNWP) sea surface temperature (SST), (b) the South Equatorial Indian Ocean Dipole (SEIOD) and (c) the Atlantic Zonal mode (AZM) are potential drivers of the NEIR variability. Using a causal inference algorithm, namely the Peter and Clark Momentary Conditional Independence (PCMCI) method, we show that SEIOD directly influences NEIR while TNWP SST has a two‐way connection with the NEIR. While “internal variability” may be higher over the NEI, significant modulation of the variances of the subseasonal fluctuations by predictable drivers like the Atlantic Niño and North Atlantic water temperature provides optimism for seasonal prediction of the NEIR.
Histological and immunohistochemical guide to tendon tissue
Authors: Chatterjee Monideepa , Evans Mary K. , Bell Rebecca , Nguyen Phong K. , Kamalitdinov Timur B. , Korntner Stefanie , Kuo Catherine K. , Dyment Nathaniel A. , Andarawis‐Puri Nelly 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTendons are unique dense connective tissues with discrete zones having specific structure and function. They are juxtaposed with other tissues (e.g., bone, muscle, and fat) with different compositional, structural, and mechanical properties. Additionally, tendon properties change drastically with growth and development, disease, aging, and injury. Consequently, there are unique challenges to performing high quality histological assessment of this tissue. To address this need, histological assessment was one of the breakout session topics at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) Tendon Conference hosted at the University of Pennsylvania. The purpose of the breakout session was to discuss needs from members of the ORS Tendon Section related to histological procedures, data presentation, knowledge dissemination, and guidelines for future work. Therefore, this review provides a brief overview of the outcomes of this discussion and provides a set of guidelines, based on the perspectives from our laboratories, for histological assessment to assist researchers in their quest to utilize these techniques to enhance the outcomes and interpretations of their studies.
Differential effects of resolvin D1 and resolvin E1 on cementoblast function
Authors: Bozkurt Serife Buket , Hakki Sema Sezgin , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundResolvins are endogenous mediators of the resolution of inflammation. They are derived from omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) and Resolvin E1 (RvE1) are the best‐characterized members for actively promoting periodontal regeneration in experimental animal models. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of RvD1 and RvE1 on cementoblasts, the key cells involved in dental cementum regeneration and the attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone.MethodsImmortalized mouse cementoblasts (OCCM‐30) were treated with different concentrations (0.1‐1000 ng/mL) of RvD1 and RvE1. Cell proliferation was measured using an electrical impedance‐based real‐time cell analyzer. Mineralization was evaluated with von Kossa staining. The mRNA expression of mineralized tissue‐associated markers of bone sialoprotein (BSP), Type I collagen (COL I), osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RunX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) (RANK), receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), and extracellular matrix‐degrading enzymes [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2)], RvE1 receptor (ChemR23) and RvD1 receptor (ALX/PFR2), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐alpha {TNF‐α}, interleukin {IL}‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐17), oxidative stress enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2)] were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).ResultsBoth RvD1 and RvE1 (10‐100 ng/mL) significantly increased the proliferation of cementoblasts and mineralized nodules at all concentrations (p < 0.05). RvE1 increased BSP, RunX2, and ALP compared with the RvD1 dose and time‐dependently, while RvD1 and RvE1 differentially regulated COL‐I. RvE1 increased OPG mRNA expression, whereas RANK‐RANKL mRNA expression decreased by RvE1. MMP‐2, MMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, and TIMP‐2 expressions were reduced by RvE1 compared with RvD1. Treatment of cementoblasts with RvD1 and RvE1 differentially affected cytokine and oxidative stress enzymes while significantly increasing their receptor expressions (ChemR23 and ALX/PFR2).ConclusionsRvD1 and RvE1 regulate proliferation, mineralization, and gene expression in cementoblasts using similar pathways while differentially affecting tissue degradation, suggesting a targeted therapeutic approach for cementum turnover during periodontal regeneration.
Modelling the climate change impact of mitigation (RCP 2.6) and high emission (RCP 8.5) scenarios on maize yield and possible adaptation measures in different agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India
Authors: Kothiyal Shivani , Prabhjyot‐Kaur  , Sandhu Sandeep Singh , Kaur Jatinder 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDA simulation study was performed for assessing climate change impact on maize under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5) for Punjab, India. The study area comprised five agroclimatic zones (AZs) including seven locations. The bias corrected temperature and rainfall data from four models (CSIRO‐Mk‐3‐6‐0, FIO‐ESM, IPSL‐CM5A‐MR and Ensemble) were used as input in CERES‐Maize model which was run with constant management practices for two Punjab maize hybrids (PMH 1 and PMH 2). The maize yield for upcoming 70 years (2025–2095) was simulated and its deviations from the baseline (2010–2021) yield were computed under optimized sowing (early‐May to early‐July) and current sowing (end‐May to end‐June) period.RESULTSWith current sowing dates, the maize yield declined under both RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively in all the AZs, that is, by 4–23% and 60–80% in AZ II, by 5–60% and 60–90% in AZ III, by 9–30% and 50–90% in AZ IV and by 13–40% and 30–90% in AZ V. Though yield decline was lesser under RCP 2.6 as compared to RCP 8.5, but still it indicates that adaptive strategy such as shifting of sowing dates may be helpful in stabilizing the maize yield.CONCLUSIONThe results for iterative combinations of sowing period revealed that early June sowing in AZ II for both the hybrids, mid‐ to end‐June (Ludhiana and Amritsar) and end‐May to mid‐June (Patiala) sowings for PMH 1 were able to nullify the negative impact of climate change. Maize cultivation in AZ IV and AZ V would not be a suitable venture for farmers of the region. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Immunisation status during biologic therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa and psoriasis
Authors: Stone Corey , Sheriff Tabrez , Liang Yicong , Murrell Dédée F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe use of biologic agents has significantly improved the quality of life for patients with chronic skin diseases, and many other autoinflammatory diseases, over the past two decades. Due to the immunosuppressive nature of biologic agents, patients on these treatments are at increased risk of infection. Compulsory serological testing and vaccine optimisation before commencing biologic therapy is not common practice, potentially leaving some of these patients exposed to vaccine‐preventable disease.ObjectivesOur real‐world data aims to assess if the use of biologic agents in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa and psoriasis leads to an accelerated loss of immunity to diseases commonly vaccinated against.MethodsWe present 77 patients with psoriasis and hidradenitis who underwent serological testing before and after commencing biologic treatment. Statistical analysis, using the Z‐test for differences between two populations, was used to determine if a significant number of patients lost immunity after commencing biologic therapy for the treatment of their skin disease.ResultsA significant number of our patients lost immunity, especially to Hepatitis B (p < 0.001) and Diphtheria (p < 0.001), whilst being treated with a biologic agent.ConclusionsWhilst no control group was included in this real‐world study, our findings suggest that biologic agents may shorten the longevity of vaccine‐induced immunity and calls for future, larger‐scale, prospective studies. We recommend pre‐biologic serology testing and vaccine optimisation to reduce the risk of vaccine‐preventable illnesses and unnecessary treatment interruptions.
Trenched and diked contours for sustainable agricultural utilization in changing world; soil hydrological, geomorphological, and physical perspectives from over 70 years of implementation in the Northern Negev
Authors: Mor‐Mussery Amir , Abu Glion Hiam , Shuker Shimshon , Najami Naim , Zaady Eli 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrenched and diked contours (TDC) are used in hilly arid regions worldwide to reduce runoff and soil erosion. The TDC is based on three parts: ‘runoff contributing area’, trench, and adjacent soil dike on the hillslope contours. Surveys over the Northern Negev indicate the hydrological interrelation between the inter‐dike surface and the dike. This study hypothesized that all the TDC parts are hydrologically interrelated. The objective is to analyze the soil's physical properties that influence the interrelation from dike construction until maturation and the influences of these interrelations on soil fertility, salinity, and stability. TDC systems, also known as ‘Shikim’, were constructed by the KKL‐JNF (Karen Kayemet L'Israel. The Jewish National Foundation) all over the hills of the Northern Negev, the semiarid region of Israel, from the 1950s until present, which gives the ability to analyze the dynamic of water flows inside the TDC s along their existence. The findings indicate three hydrological interrelations, (i) From the ‘runoff contributing area’ into the trench, which differs between the planted and un‐planted types; (ii) From the trench into the dike; (iii) and water migration in the ‘dike’ medium. Along the TDC maturation, the intensity of biological influences on these interrelations increases, leading to increased water mobilization to the trench (planting strip) and into the dike medium. The water migration in the ‘dike’ leads to forming of a soil bed adequate for sustainable agricultural utilization in its' downslope face. The finding of this study will maximize the agricultural utilization of the TDCs and their profitability.