bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admission screening form and osteoporosis educational appointment: a novel fracture liaison service system for identifying osteoporosis patients and facilitating medication initiation
Authors: Kikuchi Shunsuke , Suda Yasunori 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Summary

Our FLS team aimed to ensure that patients admitted to the orthopedic department were promptly initiated for medication and identify and initiate medication for patients admitted to other departments. Our innovative FLS system along with admission screening and osteoporosis education have proven effective in identifying patients with osteoporosis and initiating medication.

Purpose
The fracture liaison service (FLS) plays a crucial role in the secondary prevention of fragility fractures by involving various medical professionals. Our FLS team had two goals for preventing primary and secondary fractures: ensuring that patients admitted to the orthopedic department were promptly initiated on medication and identifying and initiating medication for patients admitted to other departments.

Methods
From April 2020 to March 2023, we analyzed the number of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans performed, the DEXA rate among patients with proximal femoral fractures, and the rate of medication initiation each year. Our hospital implemented the FLS system in April 2022. It is a unique system utilizing admission screening form and osteoporosis educational appointments conducted by rehabilitation staff to initiate medication for orthopedic and non-orthopedic patients.

Results
The average monthly number of DEXA scans increased significantly, with 47.7 in 2020, 57.0 in 2021, and 90.8 in 2022. The DEXA rate among proximal femoral fracture patients increased from 23.3% in 2020 to 88.1% in 2021 and 100% in 2022. The rate of treatment initiation also increased remarkably, from 21.7% in 2020, to 68.7% in 2021, reaching 97.8% in 2022. We performed 504 interventions, resulting in 251 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis, of whom 134 (56 from non-orthopedic departments) successfully started medication.

Conclusions
Our innovative FLS system, incorporating an admission screening form and osteoporosis educational appointments, proved effective in identifying patients with osteoporosis and facilitating medication initiation, which will prevent both primary and secondary fractures.
Medium-Term Weight Loss and Remission of Comorbidities Following Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Fehervari Matyas , Fadel Michael G , Alghazawi Laith Omar Khalaf , Das Bibek , Rodríguez-Luna María Rita , Perretta Silvana , Wan Andrew , Ashrafian Hutan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the short- and medium-term weight loss outcomes and comorbidity resolution following endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty. Our search identified 35 relevant studies containing data from 7525 patients. Overall, pooled short-term (12 months) total weight loss (TWL) was 16.2% (95% CI 13.1–19.4%) in 23 studies (n = 5659). Pooled medium-term TWL was 15.4% (95% CI 13.7–17.2%) in 10 studies (n = 4040). Diabetes resolution was 55.4% (95% CI 46–64%), hypertension resolution was 62.8% (95% CI 43–82%), dyslipidaemia resolution was 56.3% (95% CI 49–63%), and obstructive sleep apnoea resolution was 51.7% (95% CI 16.2–87.3%) in four studies (n = 480). This pooled analysis demonstrates that ESG can induce durable weight loss and resolution of obesity-associated comorbidities in patients with moderate obesity.
Graphical Abstract
The GenAI is out of the bottle: generative artificial intelligence from a business model innovation perspective
Authors: Kanbach Dominik K. , Heiduk Louisa , Blueher Georg , Schreiter Maximilian , Lahmann Alexander 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe introduction of ChatGPT in November 2022 by OpenAI has stimulated substantial discourse on the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in various domains such as academia, business, and society at large. Although AI has been utilized in numerous areas for several years, the emergence of generative AI (GAI) applications such as ChatGPT, Jasper, or DALL-E are considered a breakthrough for the acceleration of AI technology due to their ease of use, intuitive interface, and performance. With GAI, it is possible to create a variety of content such as texts, images, audio, code, and even videos. This creates a variety of implications for businesses requiring a deeper examination, including an influence on business model innovation (BMI). Therefore, this study provides a BMI perspective on GAI with two primary contributions: (1) The development of six comprehensive propositions outlining the impact of GAI on businesses, and (2) the discussion of three industry examples, specifically software engineering, healthcare, and financial services. This study employs a qualitative content analysis using a scoping review methodology, drawing from a wide-ranging sample of 513 data points. These include academic publications, company reports, and public information such as press releases, news articles, interviews, and podcasts. The study thus contributes to the growing academic discourse in management research concerning AI's potential impact and offers practical insights into how to utilize this technology to develop new or improve existing business models.
Trait-level non-clinical ADHD symptoms in a community sample and their association with technology addictions
Authors: Aydin Tuba , Parris Benjamin A. , Arabaci Gizem , Kilintari Marina , Taylor Jacqui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAn increasing number of studies have reported the existence of ADHD symptoms to be risk factors for technology addictions among young adults. In contrast to previous studies, the aim of the present study was to examine different dimensions of technology addiction in a community sample of adults and to examine their association with the individual trait-level ADHD symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. A community sample of one hundred and fifty adults were recruited to participate in this study via convenience sampling. Participants completed the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Symptom Checklist, the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, the Smartphone Addiction Scale, Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Compulsive Online Shopping Scale, and a Demographic Information Form. Composite ADHD score, inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity were positively associated with technology addictions (internet, social media, smartphone, and online shopping addiction). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were predictors of social media addiction and smartphone addiction, whereas they were not for online shopping addiction. Furthermore, inattention was the only predictor of internet addiction. People with non-clinical, trait-level ADHD, especially those showing a preponderance of inattention symptoms appear to be more vulnerable to developing some forms of technology addiction.
Changes in school feeding operations during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 139 countries
Authors: Ferrero Elisabetta M. , Wineman Ayala , Mitchell Arlene 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSchool meal programs, which provide students with meals, snacks, or take-home rations and serve as a safety net for vulnerable children worldwide, were severely disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study draws on the 2021 Global Survey of School Meal Programs to explore changes in school feeding operations during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify factors that can facilitate program resilience. The survey, inclusive of both closed and open-ended questions, gathered data on 183 programs operating in 139 countries. Findings suggest that, even though school meal programs were negatively affected by the pandemic and associated school closures, they responded with creativity, employing new feeding modalities, venues of distribution, and approaches to targeting. Regression results further show that involvement of nutritionists was associated with continuity (a lack of interruption) of feeding services. Flexibility and preparedness were highlighted as factors that strengthened programs in a time of crisis. At the same time, the experience of emergencies that occur simultaneously or in quick succession (“stacked” emergencies) hampered their ability to operate. Survey results confirm that attention must be given to school meal programs in low-income settings, as school feeding coverage is lowest in such settings, these programs often have limited resources, and they are more likely to experience stacked emergencies.
Classicality and Bell’s theorem
Authors: Gömöri Márton , Hoefer Carl 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA widespread view among physicists is that Bell’s theorem rests on an implicit assumption of “classicality,” in addition to locality. According to this understanding, the violation of Bell’s inequalities poses no challenge to locality, but simply reinforces the fact that quantum mechanics is not classical. The paper provides a critical analysis of this view. First we characterize the notion of classicality in probabilistic terms. We argue that classicality thus construed has nothing to do with the validity of classical physics, nor of classical probability theory, contrary to what many believe. At the same time, we show that the probabilistic notion of classicality is not an additional premise of Bell’s theorem, but a mathematical corollary of locality in conjunction with the standard auxiliary assumptions of Bell. Accordingly, any theory that claims to get around the derivation of Bell’s inequalities by giving up classicality, in fact has to give up one of those standard assumptions. As an illustration of this, we look at two recent interpretations of quantum mechanics, Reinhard Werner’s operational quantum mechanics and Robert Griffiths’ consistent histories approach, that are claimed to be local and non-classical, and identify which of the standard assumptions of Bell’s theorem each of them is forced to give up. We claim that while in operational quantum mechanics the Common Cause Principle is violated, the consistent histories approach is conspiratorial. Finally, we relate these two options to the idea of realism, a notion that is also often identified as an implicit assumption of Bell’s theorem.
Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities in patients with thyroid nodules: the impact of incidental diagnosis
Authors: Croce L. , Ruggeri R. M. , Cappelli C. , Virili C. , Coperchini F. , Laganà M. , Costa P. , Dal Molin M. , Chytiris S. , Magri F. , Chiovato L. , Centanni M. , Cannavò S. , Rotondi M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN) in the general population has increased as screening procedures are implemented and an association with metabolic and cardiovascular disorders has been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the reason leading to the diagnosis of TN and to compare the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed incidentally with those of patients diagnosed for thyroid-related reasons.

Methods
We designed a retrospective cross-sectional study including consecutive patients with TN from two high-volume hospital-based centers for thyroid diseases (Pavia and Messina) in Italy. Data regarding reason leading to TN diagnosis, age, sex, BMI, presence of cardio-metabolic comorbidities were collected.

Results
Among the 623 enrolled subjects, the US diagnosis of TN was prompted by thyroid-related reasons in 421 (67.6%, TD group) and incidental in 202 (32.4%, ID group) with a similar distribution in the two centers (p = 0.960). The ID group patients were more frequently males (38.6% vs 22.1%, p < 0.001) and significantly older (58.9 ± 13.7 vs 50.6 ± 15.5 years, p < 0.001) than the TD group ones, and had a higher rate of cardiovascular comorbidities (73.8% vs 47.5%, p < 0.001), despite having a similar BMI (27.9 ± 5.2 vs 27.8 ± 13.5, p = 0.893).

Conclusions
Stratification of patients with TN according to the diagnostic procedure leading to diagnosis allows a better epidemiological characterization of this inhomogeneous and large population.
Management of type 2 diabetes in the new era
Authors: Liakos Aris , Karagiannis Thomas , Avgerinos Ioannis , Malandris Konstantinos , Tsapas Apostolos , Bekiari Eleni 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Management of type 2 diabetes is advancing beyond glycemic control and is increasingly based on cardiovascular risk stratification. This review summarizes recent advances in the field and identifies existing knowledge gaps and areas of ongoing research.

Methods
A bibliographic search was carried out in PubMed for recently published cardiorenal outcome trials, relevant guidelines, and studies on antidiabetic agents in the pipeline.

Results
Findings from cardiovascular outcome trials support the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists or sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors for patients with established cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors, although it as yet remains uncertain whether the benefits are transferable to patients at lower absolute cardiovascular risk. Additionally, robust evidence suggests that SGLT-2 inhibitors improve clinical outcomes for people with concomitant heart failure or chronic kidney disease. Gut hormone multiagonists will likely represent another major addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for morbidly obese individuals with diabetes. Moreover, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common comorbidity and several liver outcome trials are awaited with great interest. Use of insulin as first-line injectable therapy has been displaced by GLP-1 receptor agonists. Once-weekly formulations of basal insulins along with combinations with GLP-1 receptor agonists are also under development and could increase patient convenience. Technologies of glucose sensors are rapidly evolving and have the potential to reduce the burden of frequent blood glucose measurements, mainly for patients treated with intensified insulin regimens.

Conclusion
Management of type 2 diabetes requires a holistic approach and recent breakthroughs are expected to improve the quality of care.
The effect of selected aminoglycoside antibiotics on human serum albumin antioxidant activity: a spectroscopic and calorimetric comparative study
Authors: Rogóż Wojciech , Mac Kinga , Owczarzy Aleksandra , Kulig Karolina , Pożycka Jadwiga , Maciążek-Jurczyk Małgorzata 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Human serum albumin (HSA) is a valuable component of non-enzymatic and endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. The antioxidant activity of HSA can be modulated by ligands, including drugs. Although this is a central topic in the field of oxidation, there is still a lack of information about the protection against the effects of elevated free radical levels.

Methods
The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of kanamycin (KAN) and neomycin (NEO) and their effect on the antioxidant potential of HSA using spectroscopic and microcalorimetric techniques.

Results
Despite the fact that kanamycin and neomycin interact with HSA, no changes in the secondary structure of the protein have been observed. The analysis of the aminoglycoside antibiotics showed their low antioxidant activity and a synergistic effect of the interaction, probably due to the influence of ligands (KAN, NEO) on the availability of HSA amino acid residues functional groups, such as the free thiol group (Cys-34).

Conclusions
Based on the spectroscopic and microcalorimetric data, both KAN and NEO can be considered modulators of the HSA antioxidant activity.
Numerical and thermal analysis of a caloric refrigeration device operating near room temperature
Authors: Kehileche Brahim , Chiba Younes , Tlemçani Abdelhalim , Henini Noureddine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe application of external stimuli such as the magnetic and electric field in magnetocaloric and electrocaloric materials, and stress and pressure in elastocaloric and barocaloric materials give rise to a new generation of a refrigeration technology based on caloric materials which are considered an emerging alternative to classical refrigeration. Active caloric regenerator (ACR) made in parallel plates is studied under a large number of materials with Comsol multiphysics for a 2D numerical model. In this work, we compare various types of caloric materials, in terms of their thermodynamic properties, working mechanisms, and potential applications as solid refrigerant on caloric refrigeration devices. For this purpose, the energy equation, Navier-Stocks equation, and continuity equation are considered to study the heat transfer phenomena in refrigerator. The water was used as a carrier fluid to transport the thermal energy from the solid refrigerants to heat exchanger. This study is performed at velocity 0.06 m/s and the frequency 2 Hz at room temperature. Among them, Gadolinium show the best results in term temperature span, coefficient of performance, and the cooling power, higher than every other caloric materials, conferring to magnetocaloric cooling globally the most promising system. Our analysis provides insights into the selection and optimization of caloric materials for caloric refrigeration, which can contribute to the development of sustainable energy systems.
Impact of measurement and feedback on chlorhexidine gluconate bathing among intensive care unit patients: A multicenter study
Authors: Rhee Yoona , Hayden Mary K. , Schoeny Michael , Baker Arthur W. , Baker Meghan A. , Gohil Shruti , Rhee Chanu , Talati Naasha J. , Warren David K. , Welbel Sharon , Lolans Karen , Bahadori Bardia , Bell Pamela B. , Bravo Heilen , Dangana Thelma , Fukuda Christine , Habrock Bach Tracey , Nelson Alicia , Simms Andrew T. , Tolomeo Pam , Wolf Robert , Yelin Rachel , Lin Michael Y. ,   for the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:To assess whether measurement and feedback of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) skin concentrations can improve CHG bathing practice across multiple intensive care units (ICUs).Design:A before-and-after quality improvement study measuring patient CHG skin concentrations during 6 point-prevalence surveys (3 surveys each during baseline and intervention periods).Setting:The study was conducted across 7 geographically diverse ICUs with routine CHG bathing.Participants:Adult patients in the medical ICU.Methods:CHG skin concentrations were measured at the neck, axilla, and inguinal region using a semiquantitative colorimetric assay. Aggregate unit-level CHG skin concentration measurements from the baseline period and each intervention period survey were reported back to ICU leadership, which then used routine education and quality improvement activities to improve CHG bathing practice. We used multilevel linear models to assess the impact of intervention on CHG skin concentrations.Results:We enrolled 681 (93%) of 736 eligible patients; 92% received a CHG bath prior to survey. At baseline, CHG skin concentrations were lowest on the neck, compared to axillary or inguinal regions (P < .001). CHG was not detected on 33% of necks, 19% of axillae, and 18% of inguinal regions (P < .001 for differences in body sites). During the intervention period, ICUs that used CHG-impregnated cloths had a 3-fold increase in patient CHG skin concentrations as compared to baseline (P < .001).Conclusions:Routine CHG bathing performance in the ICU varied across multiple hospitals. Measurement and feedback of CHG skin concentrations can be an important tool to improve CHG bathing practice.
Monitoring health disparities in healthcare-associated infection surveillance: A Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN) Survey
Authors: McGrath Caitlin L. , Logan Latania K. , Deloney Valerie M. , Rubin Lorry G. , Ravin Karen A. , Muller Martha , Bartlett Allison H. , de St. Maurice Annabelle , Linam W. Matthew , Caughell Carolyn , Ramirez-Avila Lynn 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigated whether and how infection prevention programs monitor for health disparities as part of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance through a survey of healthcare epidemiology leaders. Most facilities are not assessing for disparities in HAI rates. Professional society and national guidance should focus on addressing this gap.
Impact of the sequential implementation of a pharmacy-driven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal-swab ordering policy and vancomycin 72-hour restriction protocol on standardized antibiotic administration ratio (SAAR) data for antibiotics used for resistant gram-positive infections
Authors: Pettit Natasha N. , Nguyen Cynthia T. , Lew Alison K. , Pisano Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjective:Vancomycin is often initiated in hospitalized patients; however, it may be unnecessary or continued for longer durations than needed. Oversight of all vancomycin orders may not be feasible with widespread prescribing and strategies to enlist other clinicians to serve as stewards of vancomycin use are needed. We implemented 2 sequential interventions: a protocol in which the pharmacist orders MRSA nasal swab followed by a protocol requiring approval from pharmacists to continue vancomycin for >72 hours.Methods:In this single-center, retrospective, quasi-experimental study, we evaluated vancomycin use after implementation of a pharmacy-driven MRSA nasal-swab ordering protocol and a vancomycin 72-hour restriction protocol. The primary outcome was the change in the standardized antibiotic administration ratio (SAAR) for antibacterial agents for resistant gram-positive infections. We also evaluated the impact on antibiotic utilization.Results:Following the MRSA swab protocol, the SAAR decreased from 1.26 to 1.13 (P < .001; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.25). After the 72-hour approval process, the SAAR was 0.96 (P < .001; 95% CI, 1.0–1.12). Vancomycin utilization decreased from 138.9 to 125.3 days of therapy per 1,000 patient days following the MRSA swab protocol (P < .001) and to 112.7 (P < .001) following the 72-hour approval protocol. Interrupted time-series analysis identified a similar rate of decline in utilization following the 2 interventions (−0.3 and −0.5; P = .16). Both interventions combined resulted in a significant reduction (−1.5; P < .001).Conclusion:Implementation of a pharmacist-driven MRSA nasal-swab ordering protocol, followed by a 72-hour approval protocol, was associated with a significant reduction in the SAAR for antibiotics used in the treatment of resistant gram-positive infections and a reduction in vancomycin utilization. Leveraging the oversight of primary service clinical pharmacists through these protocols proved to be an effective strategy.