bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide analysis of key gene families in RNA silencing and their responses to biotic and drought stresses in adzuki bean
Authors: Li Yongqiang , Ma Enze , Yang Kai , Zhao Bo , Li Yisong , Wan Ping 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
In plants, RNA silencing is an important conserved mechanism to regulate gene expression and combat against abiotic and biotic stresses. Dicer-like (DCL) and Argonaute (AGO) proteins and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) are the core elements involved in gene silencing and their gene families have been explored in many plants. However, these genes and their responses to stresses have not yet been well characterized in adzuki bean.

Results
A total of 11 AGO, 7 DCL and 6 RDR proteins were identified, and phylogenetic analyses of these proteins showed that they clustered into six, four and four clades respectively. The expression patterns of these genes in susceptible or resistant adzuki bean cultivars challenged with drought, bean common mosaic virus and Podosphaera xanthii infections were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. The different responses of these proteins under abiotic and biotic stresses indicated their specialized regulatory mechanisms.

Conclusions
In this study, 24 genes of the DCL, AGO and RDR gene families in adzuki bean were identified, and the sequence characterization, structure of the encoded proteins, evolutionary relationship with orthologues in other legumes and gene expression patterns under drought and biotic stresses were primarily explored, which enriched our understanding of these genes in adzuki bean. Our findings provide a foundation for the comparative genomic analyses of RNA silencing elements in legume plants and further new insights into the functional complexity of RNA silencing in the response to various stresses in adzuki bean.
Cognitive impairment and factors influencing depression in adolescents with suicidal and self-injury behaviors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Hong , Hong Lan , Tong Siyu , Li Mengjia , Sun Shiyu , Xu Yao , Liu Jie , Feng Tianqi , Li Yuting , Lin Guangyao , Lu Fanfan , Cai Qiaole , Xu Dongwu , Zhao Ke , Zheng Tiansheng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide attempts (SAs) by adolescent patients with depression have become serious public health problems. There is still insufficient research evidence on the effects of NSSI and SAs on neurocognitive functioning in adolescents. Cognitive function alterations may be associated with SAs and self-injury. NSSI and SAs have different influencing factors.

Methods
Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics and included 142 adolescent patients with depression (12–18 years old). This cohort included the SAs group (n = 52), NSSI group (n = 65), and depression without SAs/NSSI control group (n = 25). All participants underwent a clinical interview and neuropsychological assessment for group comparisons, and post-hoc tests were performed. Finally, partial correlation analysis was used to explore factors related to changes in cognitive function.

Results
The SAs group performed significantly worse than the control group in executive function and working memory. The depression score was directly proportional to the executive function of the SAs group, whereas cognitive functioning in the NSSI group was associated with borderline traits and rumination.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that impairment of executive function and working memory may be a common pattern in adolescent depressed patients with SAs. However, borderline traits and rumination may be indicative of NSSI but not SAs.
Polysaccharides extracted from mulberry fruits (Morus nigra L.): antioxidant effect of ameliorating H2O2-induced liver injury in HepG2 cells
Authors: Li Xinle , Hua Yanan , Yang Caixia , Liu Sijing , Tan Li , Guo Jinlin , Li Yang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Mori Fructus is an economical and readily available traditional Chinese medicine and food. Polysaccharides in Mori Fructus have clear antioxidant activity and have been found to alleviate oxidative stress (OS)-induced liver damage in experimental studies. The mechanism of regulation of cellular antioxidant activity by mulberry polysaccharides has been suggested to be Nrf2, but it is not clear whether the Nrf2 pathway is mediated by activation of other targets, and the exact process of effects in hepatocytes has yet to be elucidated.

Methods
In this study, the basic characterization of total polysaccharides extracted from mulberry fruits (Morus nigra Linn.) was analyzed. A model of oxidative damage induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells was established. The levels of cellular oxidation-related markers, including ROS, SOD and Gpx, were then examined. Furthermore, Q-PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the expression of genes and proteins related to the PI3K/Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Results
The results showed that a total mulberry polysaccharides (TMP) has a molecular weight of 57.5 kDa with a pyranose ring mainly composed of glucose (48.81%), galactose (22.79%) and mannose (18.2%). TMP reduced the accumulation of ROS in HepG2 cells after H2O2 treatment and modulated the activity of SOD and Gpx. Q-PCR and Western-blot showed that TMP could up-regulate the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, Nrf2, NQO1 and HO-1.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that TMP can reduce ROS accumulation in H2O2-treated HepG2 cells and restore cell viability by activating the PI3K/AKT-mediated Nrf2 pathway. TMP may be a potent antioxidant agent that could slow down oxidative damage to the liver.
Adequacy of knowledge of new medical graduates about diagnosis and management of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in a developing country
Authors: Alassaf Abeer , Gharaibeh Lobna , Abuna’meh Lina , Odeh Rasha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of diabetes by the graduate physicians had been reported to be deficient in many aspects of diagnosis and management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This will reflect on patient care and quality of health services especially in limited-resources countries. Our aim was to assess knowledge of basic management of T1D in new medical graduates in Jordan.

Methods
A questionnaire was developed to collect information concerning demographics and knowledge and was distributed in paper form and online using google forms. The knowledge was assessed using 28 questions on different aspects of the disease.

Results
A total of 358 new medicine graduates responded to the survey and female respondents were significantly higher than male respondents. Average number of lectures concerning diabetes during the medical school years was 3.92 ± 1.37. High knowledge scores were on pathophysiology of T1D, hypoglycemia, and certain aspects of diabetic ketoacidosis. Female gender, higher number of persons with T1D the participant had encountered during medical school, and good or excellent expected degree of self-knowledge of diabetes were associated with high knowledge score, p values = 0.01, 0.009, and < 0.001, respectively. Female gender and good or excellent expected degree of knowledge of diabetes predicted high knowledge score, p value = 0.008, and < 0.001, respectively.

Conclusion
Gaps in knowledge of new medical graduates in certain T1D subjects exist. This can be corrected by many strategies including changes in curricula, elective courses, more clinical exposure, and interprofessional education. These measures must be evaluated for their short and long-term benefits.
Evaluating the feasibility of cognitive impairment detection in Alzheimer’s disease screening using a computerized visual dynamic test
Authors: Perez-Valero Eduardo , Gutierrez Christian A. Morillas , Lopez-Gordo Miguel Angel , Alcalde Samuel López 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease without known cure. However, early medical treatment can help control its progression and postpone intellectual decay. Since AD is preceded by a period of cognitive deterioration, the effective assessment of cognitive capabilities is crucial to develop reliable screening procedures. For this purpose, cognitive tests are extensively used to evaluate cognitive areas such as language, attention, or memory.

Methods
In this work, we analyzed the potential of a visual dynamics evaluation, the rapid serial visual presentation task (RSVP), for the detection of cognitive impairment in AD. We compared this evaluation with two of the most extended brief cognitive tests applied in Spain: the Clock-drawing test (CDT) and the Phototest. For this purpose, we assessed a group of patients (mild AD and mild cognitive impairment) and controls, and we evaluated the ability of the three tests for the discrimination of the two groups.

Results
The preliminary results obtained suggest the RSVP performance is statistically higher for the controls than for the patients (p-value = 0.013). Furthermore, we obtained promising classification results for this test (mean accuracy of 0.91 with 95% confidence interval 0.72, 0.97).

Conclusions
Since the RSVP is a computerized, auto-scored, and potentially self-administered brief test, it could contribute to speeding-up cognitive impairment screening and to reducing the associated costs. Furthermore, this evaluation could be combined with other tests to augment the efficiency of cognitive impairment screening protocols and to potentially monitor patients under medical treatment.
Prediction of new onset postoperative atrial fibrillation using a simple Nomogram
Authors: Zhu Siming , Che Hebin , Fan Yunlong , Jiang Shengli 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
New onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most common complication of cardiac surgery, with an incidence ranging from 15 to 50%. This study aimed to develop a new nomogram to predict POAF using preoperative and intraoperative risk factors.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the data of 2108 consecutive adult patients (> 18 years old) who underwent cardiac surgery at our medical institution. The types of surgery included isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, combined valve and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), or aortic surgery. Logistic regression or machine learning methods were applied to predict POAF incidence from a subset of 123 parameters. We also developed a simple nomogram based on the strength of the results and compared its predictive ability with that of the CHA2DS2-VASc and POAF scores currently used in clinical practice.

Results
POAF was observed in 414 hospitalized patients. Logistic regression provided the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) in the validation cohort. A simple bedside tool comprising three variables (age, left atrial diameter, and surgery type) was established, which had a discriminative ability with a ROC of 0.726 (95% CI 0.693–0.759) and 0.727 (95% CI 0.676–0.778) in derivation and validation subsets respectively. The calibration curve of the new model was relatively well-fit (p = 0.502).

Conclusions
Logistic regression performed better than machine learning in predicting POAF. We developed a nomogram that may assist clinicians in identifying individuals who are prone to POAF.
Propofol and survival: an updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Kotani Yuki , Pruna Alessandro , Turi Stefano , Borghi Giovanni , Lee Todd C. , Zangrillo Alberto , Landoni Giovanni , Pasin Laura 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Propofol is one of the most widely used hypnotic agents in the world. Nonetheless, propofol might have detrimental effects on clinically relevant outcomes, possibly due to inhibition of other interventions' organ protective properties. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate if propofol reduced survival compared to any other hypnotic agent in any clinical setting.

Methods
We searched eligible studies in PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials. The following inclusion criteria were used: random treatment allocation and comparison between propofol and any comparator in any clinical setting. The primary outcome was mortality at the longest follow-up available. We conducted a fixed-effects meta-analysis for the risk ratio (RR). Using this RR and 95% confidence interval, we estimated the probability of any harm (RR > 1) through Bayesian statistics. We registered this systematic review and meta-analysis in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022323143).

Results
We identified 252 randomized trials comprising 30,757 patients. Mortality was higher in the propofol group than in the comparator group (760/14,754 [5.2%] vs. 682/16,003 [4.3%]; RR = 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.20; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%; number needed to harm = 235), corresponding to a 98.4% probability of any increase in mortality. A statistically significant mortality increase in the propofol group was confirmed in subgroups of cardiac surgery, adult patients, volatile agent as comparator, large studies, and studies with low mortality in the comparator arm.

Conclusions
Propofol may reduce survival in perioperative and critically ill patients. This needs careful assessment of the risk versus benefit of propofol compared to other agents while planning for large, pragmatic multicentric randomized controlled trials to provide a definitive answer.

Graphical Abstract
FLIM imaging revealed spontaneous osteogenic differentiation of stem cells on gradient pore size tissue-engineered constructs
Authors: Rodimova Svetlana , Mozherov Artem , Elagin Vadim , Karabut Maria , Shchechkin Ilya , Kozlov Dmitry , Krylov Dmitry , Gavrina Alena , Kaplin Vladislav , Epifanov Evgenii , Minaev Nikita , Bardakova Ksenia , Solovieva Anna , Timashev Peter , Zagaynova Elena , Kuznetsova Daria 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is an urgent clinical need for targeted strategies aimed at the treatment of bone defects resulting from fractures, infections or tumors. 3D scaffolds represent an alternative to allogeneic MSC transplantation, due to their mimicry of the cell niche and the preservation of tissue structure. The actual structure of the scaffold itself can affect both effective cell adhesion and its osteoinductive properties. Currently, the effects of the structural heterogeneity of scaffolds on the behavior of cells and tissues at the site of damage have not been extensively studied.MethodsBoth homogeneous and heterogeneous scaffolds were generated from poly(L-lactic acid) methacrylated in supercritical carbon dioxide medium and were fabricated by two-photon polymerization. The homogeneous scaffolds consist of three layers of cylinders of the same diameter, whereas the heterogeneous (gradient pore sizes) scaffolds contain the middle layer of cylinders of increased diameter, imitating the native structure of spongy bone. To evaluate the osteoinductive properties of both types of scaffold, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Multiphoton microscopy with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was used for determining the metabolic states of MSCs, as a sensitive marker of cell differentiation. The results obtained from this approach were verified using standard markers of osteogenic differentiation and based on data from morphological analysis.ResultsThe heterogeneous scaffolds showed improved osteoinductive properties, accelerated the metabolic rearrangements associated with osteogenic differentiation, and enhanced the efficiency of bone tissue recovery, thereby providing for both the development of appropriate morphology and mineralization.ConclusionsThe authors suggest that the heterogeneous tissue constructs are a promising tool for the restoration of bone defects. And, furthermore, that our results demonstrate that the use of label-free bioimaging methods can be considered as an effective approach for intravital assessment of the efficiency of differentiation of MSCs on scaffolds.
Investigation of chemical structure recognition by encoder–decoder models in learning progress
Authors: Nemoto Shumpei , Mizuno Tadahaya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDescriptor generation methods using latent representations of encoder–decoder (ED) models with SMILES as input are useful because of the continuity of descriptor and restorability to the structure. However, it is not clear how the structure is recognized in the learning progress of ED models. In this work, we created ED models of various learning progress and investigated the relationship between structural information and learning progress. We showed that compound substructures were learned early in ED models by monitoring the accuracy of downstream tasks and input–output substructure similarity using substructure-based descriptors, which suggests that existing evaluation methods based on the accuracy of downstream tasks may not be sensitive enough to evaluate the performance of ED models with SMILES as descriptor generation methods. On the other hand, we showed that structure restoration was time-consuming, and in particular, insufficient learning led to the estimation of a larger structure than the actual one. It can be inferred that determining the endpoint of the structure is a difficult task for the model. To our knowledge, this is the first study to link the learning progress of SMILES by ED model to chemical structures for a wide range of chemicals.
Graphical Abstract
Comparison of local ablative therapies, including radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy, and particle radiotherapy, for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Po-Lung , Wu Ping-Hsiu , Kao We-Yu , Lai Yen-Ting , Hsu Jason C. , Chiou Jeng-Fong , Wu Meng-Huang , Lee Hsin-Lun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurgical intervention is the first-line treatment in well-selected hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, only a few patients are suitable to receive radical surgery. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate local control among four local ablative therapies in inoperable HCC patients, including radiofrequency ablation therapy (RFA), microwave ablation therapy (MWA), stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR), and particle radiotherapy. The primary outcome was the local control rate and the secondary were regional and distant progression rates, overall survival rate, and adverse events. We included twenty-six studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. MWA (p < 0.001) and particle radiotherapy (p < 0.001) showed better performance of local control compared to RFA, while SABR (p = 0.276) showed a non-significant trend. However, SABR (p = 0.002) and particle radiotherapy (p < 0.001) showed better performance than RFA in HCCs of ≥ 30 mm in size. MWA showed a similar result to RFA while SABR and particle radiotherapy showed a lower survival rate in the 2-, 3-, and 4-year overall survival rates. Our results indicate that MWA, SABR and particle radiotherapy were safe and no inferior to RFA in local control rate. Besides, the local control rates of SABR and particle radiotherapy are better than RFA in HCC of ≥ 30 mm in size. As a result, we suggested that MWA, SABR and particle radiotherapy to be effective alternatives to RFA for inoperable HCC. Moreover, the tumor size should be taken into consideration for optimal treatment selection between local ablative therapies.
Tensor decomposition for painting analysis. Part 1: pigment characterization
Authors: Ciortan Irina M. , Poulsson Tina G. , George Sony , Hardeberg Jon Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Photo-sensitive materials tend to change with exposure to light. Often, this change is visible when it affects the reflectance of the material in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In order to understand the photo-degradation mechanisms and their impact on fugitive materials, high-end scientific analysis is required. In a two-part article, we present a multi-modal approach to model fading effects in the spectral, temporal (first part) and spatial dimensions (second part). Specifically, we collect data from the same artwork, namely “A Japanese Lantern” by Norwegian artist, Oda Krohg, with two techniques, point-based microfading spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging. In this first part, we focus on characterizing the pigments in the painting based on their spectral and fading characteristics. To begin with, using microfading data of a region in the painting, we analyze the color deterioration of the measured points. Then, we train a tensor decomposition model to reduce the measured materials to a spectral basis of unmixed pigments and, at the same time, to recover the fading rate of these endmembers (i.e. pure, unmixed chemical signals). Afterwards, we apply linear regression to predict the fading rate in the future. We validate the quality of these predictions by spectrally comparing them with temporal observations not included in the training part. Furthermore, we statistically assess the goodness of our model in explaining new data, collected from another region of the painting. Finally, we propose a visual way to explore the artist’s palette, where potential matches between endmembers and reference spectral libraries can be evaluated based on three metrics at once.
Simultaneous electrical resistivity and elastic wave velocity measurements during triaxial deformation of granite under brine-saturated conditions
Authors: Katayama Ikuo , Aoi Yu , Tanimoto Kazumasa , Akamatsu Yuya , Sawayama Kazuki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe report the first experiments, where simultaneous electrical resistivity and elastic wave velocity measurements are acquired during the triaxial deformation of granite under brine-saturated conditions. Both the resistivity and elastic wave velocity increase slightly during the early stage of deformation owing to crack closure, and then decrease systematically owing to crack development as the sample approaches failure. We observe a complex relationship among the resistivity, elastic wave velocity, and porosity during deformation that is likely attributed to their different sensitivities to crack orientation, tortuosity, and connectivity. The electrical resistivity changes tend to decline as the sample approaches failure owing to the nearly complete crack connectivity, whereas the elastic wave velocities continue to decrease. These characteristic changes in resistivity and velocity at the discrete stages of deformation may provide a clue to understanding structural changes in crystalline basements that are related to crack development and fluid infiltration.
Graphical Abstract