bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mediators between sexual abuse and eating disorder severity: A comparative case‐control study in treatment‐naïve patients
Authors: Ventura Ludovica , Gómez del Barrio Andrés , Miras‐Aguilar María , Ruiz‐Gutiérrez José , González Gómez Jana , González‐Blanch César 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSexual abuse is associated with eating disorders (EDs) severity. However, the psychological mediators of this association have received scant attention in the literature.MethodThe present study aimed to evaluate the mediating role of psychological maladjustment, alexithymia, and self‐esteem in the relationship between sexual abuse and EDs severity in a sample of 134 treatment‐naïve patients with an EDs and 129 paired healthy controls.ResultsIn the EDs group, EDs severity among participants who had been sexually abused was mediated by greater psychological maladjustment and alexithymia (indirect effects: β = 12.55, 95% CI [6.11–19.87] p < 0.001; β = 3.22, 95% CI [0.235–7.97] p < 0.05, respectively). By contrast, these variables had no significant mediating effect on EDs severity in the control group.DiscussionThese findings support the hypothesis of a disorder‐related relationship between sexual abuse and alexithymia and psychological maladjustment, which, in turn, influences EDs severity. Alexithymia and psychological maladjustment appear to be promising therapeutic targets for patients with EDs who have a history of sexual abuse.
Bioethics and War
Authors: Have Henk ten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWar has major health consequences and poses significant ethical dilemmas for health professionals. In caring for victims of armed conflicts, health providers are obliged to put medical ethics before military aims. While the normative framework of warfare is clear and accepted by almost all countries, in practice, restrictions on violence are continuously broken, and the safety and independence of health professionals are not ensured. In bioethics, the issue of war has not been treated as a major concern. The field can do more to articulate the responsibilities of health practitioners and scientists, arguing that Red Cross founder Henri Dunant's principle of humanity and the principles of professional and global ethics reject the idea of military necessity. Bioethics should focus on strategies to prevent war, encouraging the collective action of health professionals. Bioethics should also stress—as, so far, one national medical association has—that war is a man‐made public health problem.
The connectome‐based prediction of trust propensity in older adults: A resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Chen Yiqi , He Hao , Lin Wenyi , Yang Jiawang , Tan Siping , Tao Wuhai , Guan Qing , Krueger Frank 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA recent neuropsychoeconomic model of trust propensity argues that an individual uses economic (executive functions) and social (social cognition) rationality strategies to transform the risk of treachery (affect) into positive expectations of reciprocity, promoting trust in another person. Previous studies have shown that the trust of older adults is associated with affect and social cognition. However, little is known about the intrinsic functional connectivity correlated with trust propensity or whether trust propensity is associated with executive functions in older adults. In this study, we examined the association between trust propensity (measured by a one‐shot trust game [TG]), social preference (measured by a one‐shot dictator game), and executive functions (measured by a battery of neuropsychological tests). We also performed connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM) and computational lesion analysis to identify the key large‐scale resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) underlying the prediction of trust propensity. Our behavioral results showed a lower trust propensity in older adults in our study than in younger adults in a previous meta‐analysis. Furthermore, trust propensity was associated with social preference, but there was no significant relationship between trust propensity and executive functions. The neuroimaging results showed that the cingulo‐opercular network (CON) and the default mode network (DMN), rather than the frontoparietal network (FPN), significantly contributed to the prediction of trust propensity in older adults. Our findings suggest that older adults rely less on economic rationality (executive functions, associated with FPN) in trust games. Rather, they are likely to depend more on social rationality (social cognition, associated with social preference and DMN) to resolve the risk of treachery (affect, associated with CON) in trust dilemmas. This study contributes to a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of older adults' trust propensity.
Multi‐sectoral action to promote psychological wellbeing: Theorising the role of place‐based policy
Authors: Fisher Matthew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIssues AddressedSeveral national governments are showing interest in policies to promote wellbeing. One common strategy is to devise systems to measure indictors of wellbeing, presuming that governments act on what they measure. This article will argue instead that formation of multisectoral policies to promote psychological wellbeing requires a different kind of theoretical and evidentiary basis.MethodsThe article integrates ideas from literature on wellbeing, health in all policies, political science, mental health promotion, and social determinants of health to make a case for place‐based policy as the central feature of multi‐sectoral policy for psychological wellbeing.Results and DiscussionI argue that the required theoretical foundation for policy action on psychological wellbeing lies with understanding certain basic functions of human social psychology including the role of stress arousal. I then draw on policy theory to propose three steps to translate this theoretical understanding of psychological wellbeing into practicable, multi‐sectoral policies. Step one is concerned with adopting a thoroughly revised conception of psychological wellbeing as a policy problem. Step two involves uptake of a theory of change in policy, grounded on recognition of essential social conditions required to promote psychological wellbeing. Proceeding from these, I will argue that a necessary (but not sufficient) third step is to implement place‐based strategies involving government‐community partnerships, to generate essential conditions for psychological wellbeing on a universal basis. Finally, I examine implications of the proposed approach for current theory and practice in mental health promotion policy.ConclusionsPlace‐based policy is foundational for effective multi‐sectoral policy to promote psychological wellbeing.So What?Governments aiming to promote psychological wellbeing should position place‐based policy at the centre of their strategies.
Creating meaningful work for employees: The role of inclusive leadership
Authors: Shafaei Azadeh , Nejati Mehran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMeaningfulness is a fundamental psychological need and can result in numerous positive outcomes for employees and organizations. However, little is known about how inclusive leadership can promote employees' sense of meaningful work. Drawing upon self‐determination theory, we posit that inclusive leadership enhances meaningful work through creating psychological safety and fostering learning from errors. Inclusive leadership improves work meaningfulness as it contributes to better job attributes. Study hypotheses were tested using a multiple‐study research design, including a two‐wave field study of 317 full‐time employees (Study 1) and a randomized experimental vignette methodology with 440 participants (Study 2). Findings from both studies support the hypothesized mediation model and suggest that inclusive leaders enhance employees' meaningful work mediated through psychological safety and learning from errors.
Vaccination in pregnancy
Authors: Nassar Anwar H. , Hobeika Elie , Chamsy Dina , El‐Kak Faysal , Usta Ihab M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe evidence indicates that pregnancy is associated with increased severity of some infectious diseases. Given the high maternal morbidity associated with influenza in pregnancy and the high neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with pertussis, the traditionally two recommended vaccines during pregnancy were those against influenza and Tdap (tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis) vaccines. The recent COVID‐19 pandemic introduced a third vaccine that after much debate is now recommended for all pregnant women. Other vaccines can be offered based for high‐risk pregnant women, and only when the benefits of receiving them outweigh the risks. The soon expected vaccines against group B streptococcus infection and respiratory syncytial virus infection will be a breakthrough in reducing perinatal mortality. In this paper, the recommendations for administration of each vaccine during pregnancy are discussed.
Metabolic and textural changes in the brain of non‐small cell lung cancer patients: A total‐body positron emission tomography/computed tomography study
Authors: Xie Xue , Lu Weizhao , Ma Depeng , Liu Sijin , Duan Yanhua , Li Kun , Cheng Zhaoping , Qiu Jianfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundBrain metastases are frequent complications for lung cancer patients. However, changes in the brain of lung cancer patients have received little attention. We aimed to explore whether alterations in brain glucose uptake and brain texture occur in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to investigate associations between brain alterations and NSCLC via the uEXPLORER positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) system.MethodsIn total, 105 participants were enrolled, including 55 healthy controls and 50 NSCLC patients. Images were acquired using the PET/CT system. Standardized uptake values normalized by lean body mass were calculated as indicators of glucose uptake. Correlation analysis was conducted between aberrant brain glucose uptake, glucose uptake of cancer lesions, and concentrations of serum lung cancer markers. Radiomics was used to investigate whether features extracted from regions with altered brain glucose uptake could serve as biomarkers of lung cancer progression.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, NSCLC patients showed decreased standardized uptake values normalized by lean body mass in the left insula, medial frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate. Correlation analysis demonstrated that glucose uptake of the anterior cingulate was negatively correlated with serum lung cancer marker concentrations. Radiomic features on PET/CT images of the above brain regions could classify NSCLC patients and healthy controls with an accuracy of 79%.ConclusionsNSCLC patients exhibited altered brain glucose uptake and changes in brain textures. These alterations may reflect alterations in behavioral domains in NSCLC and may be related to altered lung‐brain interactions and potential brain metastasis of NSCLC.
Deep‐learning visualization enhancement method for optical coherence tomography angiography in dermatology
Authors: Xu Jingjiang , Yuan Xing , Huang Yanping , Qin Jia , Lan Gongpu , Qiu Haixia , Yu Bo , Jia Haibo , Tan Haishu , Zhao Shiyong , Feng Zhongwu , An Lin , Wei Xunbin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOptical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in dermatology usually suffers from low image quality due to the highly scattering property of the skin, the complexity of cutaneous vasculature, and limited acquisition time. Deep‐learning methods have achieved great success in many applications. However, the deep learning approach to improve dermatological OCTA images has not been investigated due to the requirement of high‐performance OCTA systems and difficulty of obtaining high‐quality images as ground truth. This study aims to generate proper datasets and develop a robust deep learning method to enhance the skin OCTA images. A swept‐source skin OCTA system was employed to create low‐quality and high‐quality OCTA images with different scanning protocols. We propose a model named vascular visualization enhancement generative adversarial network and adopt an optimized data augmentation strategy and perceptual content loss function to achieve better image enhancement effect with small amount of training data. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in skin OCTA image enhancement by quantitative and qualitative comparisons.
Effect of calcium hydrothermal treatment of zirconia abutments on human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Zhao Dan , Leng Yanjun , Liu Yishu , Zhou Xudiyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractZirconia materials have been increasingly used in implant rehabilitation due to their excellent physical and esthetic properties. Stable peri‐implant epithelial tissue adhesion to the transmucosal implant abutment may significantly enhance the efficacy of implant long‐term stability. However, it is difficult to form stable chemical or biological bindings with peri‐implant epithelial tissue due to the strong biological inertia of zirconia materials. In the present study, we investigated whether calcium hydrothermal treatment of zirconia promotes sealing of peri‐implant epithelial tissue. In vitro experiments were performed to analyze the effects of calcium hydrothermal treatment on zirconia surface morphology and composition by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry. Immunofluorescence staining of adherent proteins, namely, F‐actin and integrin β1, in human gingival fibroblast line (HGF‐l) cells was performed. In the calcium hydrothermal treatment group, there was higher expression of these adherent proteins and increased HGF‐l cell proliferation. An in vivo study was conducted by extracting the maxillary right first molars of rats and replacing them with mini‐zirconia abutment implants. The calcium hydrothermal treatment group showed better attachment at the zirconia abutment surface, which inhibited horseradish peroxidase penetration at 2 weeks post‐implantation. These results demonstrated that calcium hydrothermal treatment of zirconia improves the seal between the implant abutment and surrounding epithelial tissues, potentially increasing the long‐term stability of the implant.
The trauma and learning policy initiative (TLPI)'s inquiry‐based process: Mapping systems change toward resilience
Authors: Atallah Devin G. , Koslouski Jessica B. , Perkins Kesha N. , Marscio Christine , Robinson Rhyann L. , Del Rio Michelle G. , Porche Michelle V. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTrauma is much more than our individual experiences. Fundamentally, trauma is rooted in our social conditions, interrelated with the oppression and violence in our communities and in societies at large. Trauma is knotted within cycles of harm in our relationships and in our communities and institutions. Not only are our communities and institutions sites of trauma, however, but they can also be sites of great healing, restoration, and resilience. Educational institutions hold the potential for contributing to resilient change toward the creation of transformative communities for children to feel safe and to thrive, even in the face of accumulating adversities that are endemic in the United States and beyond. This study investigated the impact of an initiative that strives to support K‐12 schools in transforming towards greater trauma‐sensitivity: trauma and learning policy initiative (TLPI). We share findings from our qualitative, situational analysis of the impact of TLPI's support to three schools in Massachusetts, USA. Although TLPI's framework on trauma does not explicitly include an antiracism lens, when engaging in data analysis, with the aim to shed light on possible schoolwide approaches to promote equity, our team of researchers specifically attended to ways intersecting systems of oppression may have impacted student education. A visual diagram, “Map of Educational Systems Change Towards Resilience,” emerged from our data analysis, with four themes that represent how educators understood the shifts in their schools. These were: (1) facilitating empowerment and collaboration; (2) integrating whole‐child approaches; (3) affirming cultural identity and promoting a sense of belonging; and (4) re‐envisioning discipline toward relational accountability. We discuss pathways that educational communities and institutions can take to create trauma‐sensitive learning environments for the promotion of greater resilience.
Development and physicochemical characterization of a biodegradable microspheres formulation loaded with samarium‐153 and doxorubicin for chemo‐radioembolization of liver tumours
Authors: Alregib Asseel Hisham , Tan Hun Yee , Wong Yin How , Kasbollah Azahari , Wong Eng Hwa , Abdullah Basri Johan Jeet , Perkins Alan Christopher , Yeong Chai Hong 
Published: June 2023

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are promising treatments for unresectable liver tumours. Some recent studies suggested that combining TACE and TARE in one treatment course might improve treatment efficacy through synergistic cytotoxicity effects. Nonetheless, current formulations do not facilitate a combination of chemo‐ and radio‐embolic agents in one delivery system. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesise a hybrid biodegradable microsphere loaded with both radioactive agent, samarium‐153 (153Sm) and chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (Dox) for potential radio‐chemoembolization of advanced liver tumours. 152Sm and Dox‐loaded polyhydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) microspheres were prepared using water‐in‐oil‐in‐water solvent evaporation method. The microspheres were then sent for neutron activation in a neutron flux of 2 × 1012 n/cm2/s. The physicochemical properties, radioactivity, radionuclide purity, 153Sm retention efficiency, and Dox release profile of the Dox‐153Sm‐PHBV microspheres were analysed. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity of the formulation was tested using MTT assay on HepG2 cell line at 24 and 72 h. The mean diameter of the Dox‐153Sm‐PHBV microspheres was 30.08 ± 2.79 μm. The specific radioactivity was 8.68 ± 0.17 GBq/g, or 177.69 Bq per microsphere. The 153Sm retention efficiency was more than 99%, tested in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) and human blood plasma over 26 days. The cumulative release of Dox from the microspheres after 41 days was 65.21 ± 1.96% and 29.96 ± 0.03% in PBS solution of pH 7.4 and pH 5.5, respectively. The Dox‐153Sm‐PHBV microspheres achieved a greater in vitro cytotoxicity effect on HepG2 cells (85.73 ± 3.63%) than 153Sm‐PHBV (70.03 ± 5.61%) and Dox‐PHBV (74.06 ± 0.78%) microspheres at 300 μg/mL at 72 h. In conclusion, a novel biodegradable microspheres formulation loaded with chemotherapeutic drug (Dox) and radioactive agent (153Sm) was successfully developed in this study. The formulation fulfilled all the desired physicochemical properties of a chemo‐radioembolic agent and achieved better in vitro cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the biosafety, radiation dosimetry, and synergetic anticancer properties of the formulation.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen impairs the nuclear import of influenza A virus PB2 and suppresses virus replication
Authors: Zhou Yuanbao , Zhang Shishuo , Wang Biaoxiong , Ran Ying , Tu Shaoyu , Lin Zhipeng , Jin Meilin , Chen Huanchun , Zou Jiahui , Zhou Hongbo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genome of Influenza A virus (IAV) transcribes and replicates in the nucleus of cells and the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex plays an important role in viral replication. As a major component of the vRNP complex, the polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) is translocated to the nucleus via its nuclear localization signals mediated by the importins. Herein, it was identified proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as an inhibitor of nuclear import of PB2 and subsequent viral replication. Mechanically, PCNA interacted with PB2 and inhibited the nuclear import of PB2. Furthermore, PCNA decreased the binding efficiency of PB2 with importin alpha (importin α) and the K738, K752, and R755 of PB2 were identified as the key sites binding with PCNA and importin α. Furthermore, PCNA was demonstrated to retrain the vRNP assembly and polymerase activity. Taken together, the results demonstrated that PCNA impaired the nuclear import of PB2, vRNP assembly and polymerase activity, which negatively regulated virus replication.
Insights on the climate of Bhutan from a new daily 1 km gridded data set for temperature and precipitation
Authors: Lehner Fabian , Formayer Herbert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGridded climatological data derived for Bhutan from internationally available data sets either come at a very low spatial resolution, or do not provide daily data, or contain few in situ measurements. We present a newly developed daily high‐resolution (1 km) gridded data set for Bhutan covering the years 1996–2019 for precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature (BhutanClim). As input, we used quality‐controlled and homogenized data from up to 67 weather stations from the National Center for Hydrology and Meteorology of Bhutan. The spatial interpolation of daily temperature consists of a non‐linear vertical profile combined with an inverse‐distance interpolation of the residuals. The interpolation uses a non‐Euclidian distance that takes elevation differences between grid cells and topographic obstacles into account. The daily coverage allows the calculation of climate indicators that need daily data such as frost days or precipitation days. The new climatology benefits from the use of local measurements and shows plausible small‐scale spatial patterns. It shows a distinct dry region in the valleys in central Bhutan bordering a dry climate classification according to Köppen–Geiger which is not visible in other data sets.
Unevenness of temporal distribution of precipitation over the Yangtze River basin and its main influencing factors
Authors: Li Jiajia , He Xinguang , Chen Ajiao , Tao Lizhi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the unevenness of precipitation distribution within a year is important for water resources management and agricultural production. In this study, spatiotemporal variations of precipitation unevenness in the Yangtze River basin (YRB) during 1961–2020 and its main influencing factors are investigated by the relative entropy (RE) and rotated empirical orthogonal function. The timings of different percentiles of annual total precipitation show that the temporal distribution of precipitation in the YRB is uneven. The unevenness of precipitation distribution exhibits a large spatial variability with a high‐value centre in the northeast and a low value centre in the northwest of the YRB, and an upward trend in almost the entire YRB. Precipitation becomes more uneven with the decrease of annual number of wet days and low‐intensity precipitation amount and the increase of high‐intensity precipitation amount during the study period. Precipitation unevenness of different regions is modulated by the different combinations of different seasonal climate indices with specific time lags. For example, in the south‐central YRB, precipitation unevenness generally tends to be enhanced by the positive Tropical Northern Atlantic Index in current summer and sea surface temperature anomalies over South China Sea (SCS) in previous summer, and negative North Atlantic Oscillation in current winter, while in the northeast YRB, be weakened by negative Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in current spring, Atlantic Meridional Mode in current summer and positive SCS in current autumn. Besides, the identified significant climate indices can partly explain the temporal changes of precipitation unevenness, and their explanatory ability is more powerful in the south‐central, southeast and northwest YRB than in the north‐central and northeast YRB, which reveals a strong negative correlation with the degree of precipitation unevenness.