bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of alpha‐amylase inhibition by natural shikimic acid derivates regarding the infrequent uncompetitive inhibition mode and structure–activity relationship
Authors: Cao Junwei , Zhang Jifan , Cao Ruibo , Li Wenyue , Wang Guidan , Cui Lu , Sun Lijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe α‐amylase inhibition and binding behaviors of shikimic acid and its structural analogues were studied. Uncompetitive inhibition characteristic of shikimic acid was identified through several linear transformation equations of enzymatic data considering the good linearity. Interestingly, the change in concentrations of starch would not decrease the inhibitory effects of shikimic acid with various concentrations used in present study. The inhibitory effect reduced greatly after the ethyl esterification of shikimic acid. Gallic acid was distinguished from shikimic acid by a benzene ring and exhibited lower inhibition than shikimic acid. Shikimic acid affected the α‐amylase structure by binding to the non‐active site but did not quench the α‐amylase fluorescent intensity. However, gallic acid anchored with a subsite containing some fluorescent residues at the entrance of active pocket, quenching the fluorescence intensity of α‐amylase strongly. The difference in shikimic acid and gallic acid made the changes in their binding sites as well as the binding behavior. Conclusively, the carboxyl and hexatomic ring with one double‐bond played an important role in binding of shikimic acid with the non‐active sites of α‐amylase. Shikimic acid has potentials as a functional‐factor in α‐amylase inhibition for controlling the postprandial blood sugar level.
Impact of gamma irradiation and guava leaf extract on the quality and storage stability of chicken patties
Authors: Sadiq Anam , Arshad Muhammad Sajid , Amjad Roshaan Bint , Munir Haroon , Rohi Madiha , Khalid Waseem , Nadeem Muhammad Tahir , Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of gamma irradiation and guava leaf extract (GLE) on chicken meat patties. The effects of treatments on chicken meat patties were determined by physicochemical, stability (oxidative and microbial), and antioxidant status during different packaging (aerobic and vacuum) at storage intervals (0, 5, and 10 days). The changes in physicochemical parameters of chicken patties were observed on various treatments, storage intervals, and different packaging. The TBARS and POV were found to increase significantly (p < .05) on 2 kGy and with the passage of storage time. The results of microbial load in samples were found to decrease on gamma irradiation with and without GLE. The antioxidant profile in chicken patties was with respect to control. Slight changes were seen in sensory parameters on different treatments at storage intervals. It is concluded that gamma irradiation eliminated the microbes and different concentrations of GLE improve the stability and antioxidant profile of chicken patties.
Implications of updated staging system for p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Is valuable prognostic information being omitted?
Authors: Vo Kim , Ladbury Colton , Tam Andrew , Maghami Ellie , Kang Robert , Villaflor Victoria , Agulnik Mark , Gernon Thomas , Glaser Scott , Amini Arya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study characterized whether the updated AJCC 8th edition nodal staging system for p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) resulted in the loss of prognostic value.MethodsThe NCDB was queried for patients with node‐positive p16+ OPSCC. The prognostic impact of nodal size, nodal quantity, nodal laterality, and extracapsular extension (ECE) on overall survival (OS) was assessed.ResultsIn the clinical cohort, inferior 5‐year OS was observed in patients with more than one positive lymph node (p < 0.001; 82% vs. 86%), ECE (p < 0.001; 82% vs. 75%), or nodal size >6 cm (p < 0.001; 66% vs. 82%). In the pathologic cohort, inferior 5‐year OS was observed in patients with > four positive lymph nodes (p < 0.001; 76% vs. 90%), ECE (p < 0.001; 83% vs. 92%), or largest nodal size >6 cm (p < 0.001; 81% vs. 89%).ConclusionsSimplifications in the current p16+ OPSCC staging system led to loss of prognostic information in nodal staging.
Clinical outcome of endoscopic‐assisted transoral surgery for superficial cancer of pharyngo‐esophageal junction
Authors: Furue Yasuaki , Hori Keisuke , Tomioka Toshifumi , Fujii Satoshi , Okano Wataru , Shinozaki Takeshi , Kadota Tomohiro , Yoda Yusuke , Hayashi Ryuichi , Yano Tomonori 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic‐assisted transoral surgery (TOS) for superficial cancer of the pharyngo‐esophageal junction (PEJ) is risk of stricture, and therapeutic outcomes are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes of endoscopic‐assisted TOS for superficial PEJ cancers.MethodsWe retrospectively compared clinical outcomes of endoscopic‐assisted TOS for superficial PEJ cancers (group A) and of other sites in the hypopharynx (group B).ResultsThe group A comprised 12 lesions in 12 patients, and group B comprised 198 lesions in 146 patients. Group A and group B exhibited en bloc resection rates of 100% and 99%. Median operative times were 82 and 37 min (p < 0.001). The frequency of stricture and local recurrence in group A was significantly higher in group B (42% vs. 1%, p < 0.001; 25% vs. 6%, p = 0.036). All adverse events could be managed with conservative treatments.ConclusionsEndoscopic‐assisted TOS is not ideal for treating superficial PEJ cancers compared to other sites.
Predictors of outcome in cryptoglandular anal fistula according to magnetic resonance imaging: A systematic review
Authors: Teymouri Alireza , Keshvari Amir , Ashjaei Ali , Ahmadi Tafti Seyed Mohsen , Salahshour Faeze , Khorasanizadeh Faezeh , Naseri Amirhosein 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAnal fistula (AF) with cryptoglandular origin tends to recur, and multiple risk factors are implicated. Recently, some magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with predictive value for disease outcomes have been proposed. These intrinsic anatomic features include those of the AF and its surrounding structures. This study aims to clarify the prognostic role of MRI in AF.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and EBSCO databases. Two independent reviewers conducted the search and screened the articles. We selected studies that used MRI to assess AF and reported its relationship to disease outcome. We extracted data regarding the study design, type of intervention, outcome, MRI‐measured items, and their significance.ResultsOut of 1230 retrieved articles, 18 were eligible for final inclusion, and a total of 4026 patients were enrolled in the selected studies. For preoperative MRI, the significant items affecting the outcome were the length of the fistula, horseshoe type, presence of multiple tracts, supralevator extension, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value. Other studies investigated the healing process using postoperative MRI.ConclusionThis review found that MRI can be useful in the management of AF, both preoperatively and postoperatively. Factors, such as fistula length, horseshoe type, presence of multiple tracts, supralevator extension, and ADC value were found to be significantly associated with treatment outcomes. The presence of the fistula tract and the development of new abscesses on postoperative MRI was found to hinder the healing process. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Short T dynamic panel data models with individual, time and interactive effects
Authors: Hayakawa Kazuhiko , Pesaran M. Hashem , Smith L. Vanessa 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a transformed quasi‐maximum likelihood (TQML) estimator for short
dynamic fixed effects panel data models allowing for interactive effects through a multifactor error structure. The proposed estimator is robust to the heterogeneity of the initial values and common unobserved effects, while at the same time allowing for standard fixed and time effects. It is applicable to both stationary and unit root cases. The order condition for identification of the number of interactive effects is established, and conditions are derived under which the parameters are locally identified. It is shown that global identification in the presence of the lagged dependent variable cannot be guaranteed. The TQML estimator is proven to be consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. A sequential multiple testing likelihood ratio procedure is also proposed for estimation of the number of factors which is shown to be consistent. Finite sample results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed procedure for determining the number of factors performs very well, and the TQML estimator has small bias and root mean square error (RMSE) and correct empirical size in most settings. The practical use of the TQML approach is demonstrated by means of two empirical illustrations from the literature on cross county crime rates and cross country growth regressions.
Evaluation of reproducible cryogel preparation based on automated image analysis using deep learning
Authors: Behrendt Florian , Cseresnyés Zoltán , Gerst Ruman , Gottschaldt Michael , Figge Marc Thilo , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCryogels represent a class of porous sponge‐like materials possessing unique properties including high‐fidelity reproduction of tissue structure and maximized permeability. Their architecture is mainly based on an interconnected network of macropores that provides sufficient stability while allowing the movement of substances through the material. In most cryogel applications, the pore size is very important, especially when the material is used as a 3D scaffold for tissue culture, applied as a filter, or utilized as a membrane. In this study, poly(dimethylacrylamide‐co‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels have been prepared by two preparation methods to investigate the reproducibility of homogeneous pore structures and pore sizes. Automated image analysis algorithms were developed to rapidly evaluate cryogel pore sizes based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The quantification approach contained a unique combination of classical and deep learning–based algorithms. To validate the accuracy of the two models, we compared the results obtained from automated SEM image analysis with those from manual pore size determinations and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurements. Effect sizes were calculated to compare the results from manual and automated pore size measurements for the cryogel reproducibility series. 81% of the values obtained revealed only trivial differences, which strongly suggests that automated image analysis can reliably substitute the manual evaluation of cryogel pore sizes. The use of an adapted reactor setup yielded cryogels with heterogeneous morphologies in the absence of recognizable pore structures. With the conventional cryogel preparation using plastic syringes, the obtained cryogels represented highly reproducible morphologies and pore sizes in the range between 17 and 22 μm. Calculated effect sizes within the cryogel replicate series revealed only trivial differences between the obtained pore sizes in 83.5% or 99.4% of the data (classical approach and deep learning‐based approach, respectively).
SPC212 human mesothelioma cells underwent apoptosis, oxidative stress, and morphological deformation following Astaxanthin treatment
Authors: Kaçar Sedat , Semerci Sevimli Tuğba , Şahintürk Varol 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAstaxanthin (ASX) is one of the keto‐carotenoids, which is biologically more active than other counterparts. Besides its variety of beneficial effects, it was reported to exert anticancer effects. Despite its utilization against different cancer types, the effect of ASX on mesothelioma has yet to be well‐studied. In this study, our goal is to ascertain how ASX will affect SPC212 human mesothelioma cells. First, the effective doses of ASX against SPC212 cells were investigated by the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Thereafter, with flow cytometry analysis, Annexin‐V and caspase 3/7 assay were implemented for the evaluation of apoptotic cell death and an oxidative stress test was carried out to determine how the free radicals changed. Ultimately, the cells' morphology was examined under a light microscope. The effective doses of ASX were found as 50, 100, and 200 µM. In the Annexin V assay, the total apoptosis increased to around 12%, 30%, and 45% with increasing doses of ASX. In the caspase 3/7 assay, the total apoptosis was around 25% and 38% at 100 and 200 µM. In oxidative stress analysis, reactive oxygen species‐positive cells rose from 4.54 at the lowest dose to 86.95 at the highest dose. In morphological analysis, cellular shrinkage, decrease in cell density, swelling and vacuolations in some cells, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies are observed in ASX‐treated cells. To conclude, the current study provided insights into the efficacy and effects of ASX against SPC212 mesothelioma cells regarding morphology, proliferation, and cell death for future studies.
Causality and volatility spillovers of banks' stock price returns on BSE Bankex returns
Authors: Subburayan Baranidharan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the causal relationships and volatility spillovers between the BSE Bankex index and the stock prices of five major Indian banks (Axis Bank, HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Kotak Bank, and SBI). Daily data from January 2, 2018 to March 8, 2023 are used, and statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, Unit Root test, Cointegration test, Ganger Causality test, OLS regression, and GARCH model are employed. The study finds bidirectional causal relationships between the bank stocks and BSE Bankex returns, suggesting that the movement of the bank stocks significantly affects the overall market returns and vice versa. The study also finds significant volatility spillovers between the bank stocks and BSE Bankex returns, implying that the shocks in the bank stocks affect the market returns and vice versa. The study's outcomes have practical implications for investors and policymakers. Investors can use the results to make informed investment decisions in the Indian stock market, while policymakers can use the findings to monitor the financial stability of the banking sector and design appropriate policy interventions to address any potential financial crises. Overall, the study's findings suggest that policymakers should proactively monitor and manage market risks to safeguard overall financial stability.
Measuring (biological) materials mechanics with atomic force microscopy. 5. Traction force microscopy (cell traction forces)
Authors: Gil‐Redondo Juan Carlos , Weber Andreas , Vivanco Maria dM. , Toca‐Herrera José L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCells generate traction forces to probe the mechanical properties of the surroundings and maintain a basal equilibrium state of stress. Traction forces are also implicated in cell migration, adhesion and ECM remodeling, and alteration of these forces is often observed in pathologies such as cancer. Thus, analyzing the traction forces is important for studies of cell mechanics in cancer and metastasis. In this primer, the methodology for conducting two‐dimensional traction force microscopy (2D‐TFM) experiments is reported. As a practical example, we analyzed the traction forces generated by three human breast cancer cell lines of different metastatic potential: MCF10‐A, MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, and studied the effects of actin cytoskeleton disruption on those traction forces. Contrary to what is often reported in literature, lower traction forces were observed in cells with higher metastatic potential (MDA‐MB‐231). Implications of substrate stiffness and concentration of extracellular matrix proteins in such findings are discussed in the text.Research Highlights
Traction force microscopy (TFM) is suitable for studying and quantifying cell‐substrate and cell–cell forces.
TFM is suitable for investigating the relationship between chemical to mechanical signal transduction and vice versa.
TFM can be combined with classical indentation studies providing a compact picture of cell mechanics.
TFM still needs new physico‐chemical (sample preparation) and computational approaches for more accurate data evaluation.
A laudable strategy to manage bacterial panicle blight disease of rice using biocontrol agents
Authors: Ngalimat Mohamad S. , Mohd Hata Erneeza , Zulperi Dzarifah , Ismail Siti I. , Ismail Mohd R. , Mohd Zainudin Nur A. I. , Saidi Noor B. , Yusof Mohd T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBacterial panicle blight (BPB) disease is a dreadful disease in rice‐producing countries. Burkholderia glumae, a Gram‐negative, rod‐shaped, and flagellated bacterium was identified as the primary culprit for BPB disease. In 2019, the disease was reported in 18 countries, and to date, it has been spotted in 26 countries. Rice yield has been reduced by up to 75% worldwide due to this disease. Interestingly, the biocontrol strategy offers a promising alternative to manage BPB disease. This review summarizes the management status of BPB disease using biological control agents (BCA). Bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces have been examined as BCA under in vitro, glasshouse, and field conditions. Besides bacteria, bacteriophages have also been reported to reduce BPB pathogens under in vitro and glasshouse conditions. Here, the overview of the mechanisms of bacteria and bacteriophages in controlling BPB pathogens is addressed. The applications of BCA using various delivery methods could effectively manage BPB disease to benefit the agroecosystems and food security.
Carnitine supplementation increases serum concentrations of free carnitine and total acylcarnitine in preterm neonates: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sasenick Jonathan , Miller Malki , Rastogi Deepa , Morrissey Mark , Rastogi Shantanu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveOur goal was to determine the efficacy of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition's recommended carnitine dosage of 5 mg/kg/day in maintaining normal serum free carnitine and total acylcarnitine levels in preterm neonates receiving parenteral nutrition (PN).Study DesignA retrospective cohort study was conducted on neonates born <30 weeks gestation and weighing <1250 g, comparing those who received carnitine supplementation to those without supplementation. Free carnitine and total acylcarnitine data were collected from routine newborn screens in the first days of life and on full enetral feeds. Univariate analysis was performed, and those factors that were significantly different between the two groups were adjusted for using mixed effects analysis.ResultsThere were 108 supplemented and 45 unsupplemented neonates in the study. At baseline, free carnitine (19.8 ± 3.3 vs 18.9 ± 3.7 µmol/L, P = 0.53) and total acylcarnitine (26.6 ± 5.1 vs 22.5 ± 7.1 µmol/L, P = 0.11) were similar between the two groups. At full enteral feeds, compared with unsupplemented group, supplemented infants had significantly higher free carnitine (27.1 ± 16.4 vs 17.1 ± 8.5 µmol/L, P < 0.001) and total acylcarnitine (30.3 ± 11.5 vs 20.2 ± 10.1 µmol/L, P < 0.001). None of the supplemented neonates developed biochemical carnitine deficiency as compared with 18% in the unsupplemented group (P < 0.001). No difference was observed in time to reach full lipid provision, and there were no differences in the change in the triglyceride levels from baseline to the time on full PN lipid provision (P = 0.39).ConclusionPreterm neonates routinely supplemented with parenteral carnitine at 5 mg/kg/day demonstrated higher free carnitine and total acylcarnitine levels at full feeds, with none developing biochemical carnitine deficiency.
Boron‐sensing mechanisms involved in boron transport regulation in plants
Authors: Takano Junpei , Tanaka Mayuki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBoron (B) is an essential micronutrient for plants. B deficiency and toxicity are widespread agricultural problems worldwide. To maintain appropriate B levels in tissues, plants require B‐sensing mechanisms to regulate its transport. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the boric channel NIP5;1, the borate transporter BOR1, and their homologs in the plasma membrane are responsible for efficient uptake and translocation of B when its supply is limited. Importantly, these transport systems are downregulated under high‐B conditions at multiple post‐transcriptional levels. NIP5;1 is downregulated by mRNA degradation following the B‐dependent ribosome stalling at the minimum upstream open reading frame (uORFs, AUGUAA) in the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR). Upon high B supply, BOR1 is ubiquitinated and transported to the vacuole via the endocytic pathway for degradation. Under higher B supply, BOR1 is further downregulated by translational suppression dependent on multiple uORFs in the 5′ UTR. These responses are important for preventing B toxicity. High‐B‐induced ubiquitination of BOR1 was shown to be dependent on its transport activity, suggesting that conformation transition during the borate transport cycle in the plasma membrane controls the rate of ubiquitination. The ribosome stalling that leads to mRNA degradation of NIP5;1 and translational suppression of BOR1 is presumably dependent on B binding to factors involved in translation in the cytosol. This review summarizes recent studies on B sensing and proposes future directions for research.
A two‐year study on the occurrence and concentration of mycotoxins in corn varieties with different endosperm textures
Authors: Tonial Simões Cristina , Kobs Vidal Juliano , da Rosa da Silva Cristiane , Alves Sarturi Janine , Fabris Laber Isadora , Madalosso Tiago , Mallmann Carlos Augusto 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycotoxin monitoring in cereal grains has great importance in the food and feed industries. This study evaluated mycotoxin contamination in corns with different endosperm textures in 2 years of cultivation. Samples of dent, semi‐dent, flint and semi‐flint corns from field experiments were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS).RESULTSOccurrences of fumonisins B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2) in 2020 were 45.72% (mean 270 μg kg−1) and 35.89% (94.97 μg kg−1), respectively, and 68.98% (446 μg kg−1) and 45.83% (152 μg kg−1) in 2021. Occurrence of aflatoxin B1 was 11.96% (0.16 μg kg−1) in 2020 and 11.11% (0.13 μg kg−1) in 2021. In 2020, deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenona (ZEA) presented occurrences of 1.28% and 1.70%, with means of 4.08 and 2.45 μg kg−1, respectively. In 2021, results were 8.33% (31.00 μg kg−1) for DON and 8.79% (4.38 μg kg−1) for ZEA. Citrinin, diacetoxyscirpenol and fusarenon‐X did not occur in 2020 but presented 1.66%, 0.83%, and 2.50% positive rates in 2021, respectively. In 2020, flint corn presented the lowest concentration of FB1 whereas dent corn presented the highest concentration of FB1 and FB2 (P < 0.05). In 2021, dent corn presented the highest means of FB1, FB2 and diacetoxyscirpenol (P < 0.05). Dent and semi‐dent presented the highest concentration of nivalenol (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe endosperm texture influenced mycotoxin contamination in corn grains, especially FB1 and FB2, which had the highest concentration in dent corn in the 2 years of this study. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.