bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring growth in critically ill neonates and children
Authors: Bracken Julia M. , Pappas Lucy , Wilkins Jamie , Tracy Kelly , Al‐Rajabi Taiseer R. , Abdelhadi Ruba A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCritical illness increases the risk of malnutrition in both infants and children. Malnutrition risk is multifactorial and includes premorbid factors as well as changes in nutrient metabolism and energy demands during critical illness. Inadequate nutrition has been linked to poor health outcomes and prolonged length of stay in the intensive care unit, demonstrating the importance of both recognizing and addressing malnutrition in this population. Assessing growth and identifying malnutrition requires methodical measurement of growth and a collaborative, multimodal approach to nutrition assessment. Among the nutrition assessment and growth evaluation tools, neonatal, preterm, pediatric, and disease‐specific growth charts remain an important component of growth assessment and should be used along with a nutrition‐focused physical examination. Routine measurement promotes the identification of potential growth delays that may require interventions. Indirect calorimetry adds an additional layer of detail for a complete picture of each infant or child's unique nutrition status and progress. Quality improvement research on a national level is urgently needed to assess the adequacy and availability of resources in neonatal and pediatric critical care units and to further the development of standard clinical outcome measures for nutrition assessment and intervention in the critically ill neonate and child.
Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes
Authors: Jerome Maggie L. , Valcarce Vivian , Lach Laura , Itriago Elena , Salas Ariel A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBody composition assessment is a valuable tool for clinical assessment and research that has implications for long‐term health. Unlike traditional measurements such as anthropometrics or body mass index, body composition assessments provide more accurate measures of body fatness and lean mass. Moreover, depending on the technique, they can offer insight into regional body composition, bone mineral density, and brown adipose tissue. Various methods of body composition assessment exist, including air displacement plethysmography, dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance, magnetic resonance imaging, D3 creatine, ultrasound, and skinfold thickness, each with its own strengths and limitations. In infants, several feeding practices and nutrition factors are associated with body composition outcomes, such as breast milk vs formula feeding, protein intake, breast milk composition, and postdischarge formulas for preterm infants. Longitudinal studies suggest that body composition in infancy predicts later body composition, obesity, and other cardiometabolic outcomes in childhood, making it a useful early marker of cardiometabolic health in both term and preterm infants. Emerging evidence also suggests that body composition during infancy predicts neurodevelopmental outcomes, particularly in preterm infants at high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive overview of body composition assessment techniques, summarize the links between specific nutrition practices and body composition in infancy, and describe the neurodevelopmental and cardiometabolic outcomes associated with body composition patterns in term and preterm infants.
Acoustic Noise Levels in High‐field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scanners
Authors: Akbar Armaan F. , Sayyid Zahra N. , Roberts Dale C. , Hua Jun , Paez Adrian , Cao Di , Lauer Amanda M. , Ward Bryan K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract7‐Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging may allow for higher resolution images but may produce greater acoustic noise than 1.5‐ and 3‐T scanners. We sought to characterize the intensity of acoustic noise from 7‐ versus 3‐T scanners. A‐weighted sound pressure levels from 5 types of pulse sequences used for brain and inner ear imaging in 3‐ and 7‐T scanners were measured. Time‐averaged sound level and maximum sound levels generated for each sequence were compared. Time‐averaged sound levels exceeded 95 dB and reached maximums above 105 dB on the majority of 3‐ and 7‐T scans. The mean time‐averaged sound level and maximum sound level across pulse sequences were greater in 7‐ than 3‐T (105.6 vs 91.4, P = .01; 114.0 vs. 96.5 dB, P < .01). 7‐ and 3‐T magnetic resonance imaging scanners produce high levels of acoustic noise that exceed acceptable safety limits, emphasizing the need for active and passive noise protection.
Meso‐scale thermo‐magneto‐mechanical constitutive model for magneto‐active elastomers
Authors: Klausler Will , Kaliske Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMagneto‐active elastomers (MAE) are one of many emerging smart materials. They have applications in mechanical, civil and biomedical engineering as actuators, such as grippers, and dampers, such as tunable vibration absorbers. MAE consist of a soft polymeric matrix filled with micron‐sized magnetizable particles. Set in a magnetic field, the particles displace, stiffening the entire composite by up to three orders of magnitude.The literature contains myriad purely magneto‐mechanical models for MAE. This contribution introduces a thermal component to enable prediction of heat generation in the composite due to oscillatory, visco‐elastic mechanical deformations. This model, formulated for three‐dimensional finite deformations, is capable of accurately modeling the behavior of incompressible materials through a Q1P0 finite element framework. Numerical simulations qualitatively show the capabilities of this model to describe the fully‐coupled thermo‐magneto‐mechanical response of MAE.
The prediction model for resistance of composite interference‐fit joint subjected to current strike
Authors: Zhu Yuchen , Cheng Hui , Bai Yunpeng , Liang Biao , Li Ximing , Deng Lichuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComposite interference‐fit joints are widely used in aerospace due to their reliability and load‐bearing capacity. However, they are vulnerable to lightning damage. This analyzes the prediction resistance model of a composite interference‐fit joint subjected to a current strike, focusing on electrical conductivity. Analyzing various lightning strike stages, the study establishes analytical expressions for the initial resistance related to interference‐fit size and structural dimensions before the lightning strike. Additionally, the dynamic resistance change after the lightning strike is investigated, considering the influence of the current waveform. Non‐destructive tests are employed for verification and refinement. The findings reveal a correlation between the initial resistance and the interference‐fit size in pre‐strike stage, while both the interference‐fit size and the peak current influence the equivalent resistance under low lightning current conditions. Notably, an intermediate interference‐fit size provides a substantial protective gain for the composite connection. This approach eliminates the need for destructive tests and offers a dependable data reference for aircraft component assembly.
Plasma copeptin concentration is a predictor of tolvaptan efficacy in patients with hepatic ascites
Authors: Tomooka Fumimasa , Moriya Kei , Kubo Takahiro , Shibamoto Akihiko , Suzuki Jyunya , Iwai Satoshi , Takeda Soichi , Fujimoto Yuki , Enomoto Masahide , Murata Koji , Tsuji Yuki , Fujinaga Yukihisa , Kitagawa Koh , Nishimura Norihisa , Takaya Hiroaki , Kaji Kosuke , Kawaratani Hideto , Namisaki Tadashi , Akahane Takemi , Mitoro Akira , Yoshiji Hitoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsNo solid evidence‐based opinion was raised regarding predictors of the degree of ascites reduction with tolvaptan. This retrospective cohort study aimed to examine whether serum copeptin concentration is a useful predictor of this.MethodsThe study population consisted of 80 patients with liver cirrhosis treated with tolvaptan for hepatic ascites effusions at Nara Medical University Hospital from May 2014 to December 2018. Forty‐three patients who lost >1.5 kg of body weight in the first week after starting tolvaptan were classified as good responders and the remaining 37 as poor responders. Various laboratory parameters were measured immediately before the start of tolvaptan therapy to examine factors associated with predicting its efficacy.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, no significant differences with respect to age (67.6 vs. 69.8 years, p > 0.05), sex, body mass index (24.8 vs. 23.7 kg/m2, p > 0.05), Child–Pugh score (9.4 vs. 9.7, p > 0.05), and Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score (11 vs. 12, p > 0.05) were found between the two groups. Conversely, aspartate transferase and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels were significantly lower in the good response group (52.9 ± 56.3 vs. 68.8 ± 50.7 U/L, p < 0.05; 26.2 ± 30.6 vs. 40.5 ± 33.5 U/L, p < 0.01), whereas serum copeptin and serum sodium concentrations were significantly higher (57.1 ± 15.0 vs. 45.8 ± 16.0 pg/mL, p < 0.01; 136.3 ± 3.4 vs. 133.8 ± 5.8 mEq/L, p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, serum copeptin concentration and ALT were statistically significant factors (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Regression analysis of the association between the tolvaptan efficacy for refractory ascites and pretreatment serum copeptin concentration showed that a copeptin concentration cutoff of 45.9 pg/mL could predict treatment efficacy with a sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 76.7%, 59.5%, and 0.71%, respectively.ConclusionSerum copeptin concentration may be a predictor of tolvaptan efficacy for refractory ascites effusion in Japanese patients with liver cirrhosis.
Moving for proximity to family, care needs and the locations of family members: An analysis of matched survey and register data
Authors: Mulder Clara H. , Kooiman Niels 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProximity to family forms a quite common motivation for moving. Older adults' care needs may underlie this motivation, but little is known about the extent to which this is the case. We investigate how moving motivated by proximity to family is associated with (1) the residential locations of parents, siblings and children and (2) indicators of older adults' care needs. We employ data from five Netherlands' Housing Surveys (2006, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018) matched with register data. Uniquely, we use indicators of parents' formal care use in analyses for respondents aged 30–64, and own care use for respondents aged 65 and older. We find that, as hypothesised, those whose parents or children live far away are more likely to move for proximity reasons than others. However, we do not find such an association for siblings living far away. Contrary to expectations, respondents are more likely to report moving for proximity reasons if they have geographically distant parents who do not use care than if they have distant parents who do. We find no convincing evidence that older parents' own care needs induce moves motivated by proximity to family. Rather, own care needs induce moves that are motivated by health or a need for care but are mostly not directed towards family.
Mixed effects modeling of radiotherapy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade or inhibitors of theDNAdamage response pathway
Authors: Hodson David , Mistry Hitesh , Guzzetti Sofia , Davies Michael , Staniszewska Anna , Farrington Paul , Cadogan Elaine , Yates James , Aarons Leon , Ogungbenro Kayode 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDosage optimization to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity is a potential issue when administering radiotherapy (RT) in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) or inhibitors of the DNA Damage Response Pathway (DDRi) in the clinic. Preclinical models and mathematical modeling can help identify ideal dosage schedules to observe beneficial effects of a tri‐therapy. The aim of this study is to describe a mathematical model to capture the impact of RT in combination with inhibitors of the DNA Damage Response Pathway or blockade of the immune checkpoint protein – programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1). This model describes how RT mediated activation of antigen presenting cells can induce an increase in cytolytic T cells capable of targeting tumor cells, and how combination drugs can potentiate the immune response by inhibiting the rate of T cell exhaustion. The model was fitted using preclinical data, where MC38 tumors were treated in vivo with RT alone or in combination with anti‐PD‐L1 as well as with either olaparib or the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibitor—AZD0156. The model successfully described the observed data and goodness‐of‐fit, using visual predictive checks also confirmed a successful internal model validation for each treatment modality. The results demonstrated that the anti‐PD‐L1 effect in combination with RT was maximal in vivo and any additional benefit of DDRi at the given dosage and schedule used was undetectable. Model fit results indicated AZD0156 to be a more potent DDRi than olaparib. Simulations of alternative doses indicated that reducing efficacy of anti‐PD‐L1 by 68% would potentially provide evidence for a benefit of ATM inhibition in combination with ICB and increase the relative efficacy of tri‐therapy.
Sanitation conditions and education outcomes in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Scriptore Moreira Juliana Souza , Azzoni Carlos Roberto , Menezes‐Filho Naercio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article investigates the effect of sanitation on education at the municipal level in Brazilian cities. We measure the effect of the share of people living in households with access to piped water and a bathroom on educational indicators of the population aged 6–14. To take care of the well‐recognized endogeneity between sanitation and education, we estimate a panel‐data instrumental variable model. We use the municipalities that had their sanitation services privatized by other subnational instances as an instrumental variable. The results indicate that an increase of 1 percentage point in access to sanitation increases grade promotion rate by 0.334 pp., decreases age‐grade distortion rate by 0.464 pp., and decreases school dropout by 0.33 pp. We show evidence of complementarity between educational and sanitation policies, and the educational impacts of the latter can be used as leverage to convince politicians of the necessity to provide better water and sanitation conditions, especially to the poor population.
In the View of Electrons Transfer and Energy Conversion: The Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of Metal‐Based Nanomaterials and Their Applications
Authors: Ouyang Baixue , Wei Dun , Wu Bichao , Yan Lvji , Gang Haiying , Cao Yiyun , Chen Peng , Zhang Tingzheng , Wang Haiying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe global pandemic and excessive use of antibiotics have raised concerns about environmental health, and efforts are being made to develop alternative bactericidal agents for disinfection. Metal‐based nanomaterials and their derivatives have emerged as promising candidates for antibacterial agents due to their broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, environmental friendliness, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the reported antibacterial mechanisms of these materials are complex and lack a comprehensive understanding from a coherent perspective. To address this issue, a new perspective is proposed in this review to demonstrate the toxic mechanisms and antibacterial activities of metal‐based nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion and electron transfer. First, the antimicrobial mechanisms of different metal‐based nanomaterials are discussed, and advanced research progresses are summarized. Then, the biological intelligence applications of these materials, such as biomedical implants, stimuli‐responsive electronic devices, and biological monitoring, are concluded based on trappable electrical signals from electron transfer. Finally, current improvement strategies, future challenges, and possible resolutions are outlined to provide new insights into understanding the antimicrobial behaviors of metal‐based materials and offer valuable inspiration and instructional suggestions for building future intelligent environmental health.
Interfacing Lanthanide Metal‐Organic Frameworks with ZnO Nanowires for Alternating Current Electroluminescence
Authors: Wei Xiaohe , Chun Fengjun , Liu Feihong , Zhang Xin , Zheng Weilin , Guo Yang , Xing Zhifeng , An Haiyan , Lei Dangyuan , Tang Yu , Yan Chun‐Hua , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) devices are attractive candidates in cost‐effective lighting, sensing, and flexible displays due to their uniform luminescence, stable performance, and outstanding deformability. However, ACEL devices have suffered from limited options for the light‐emitting layer, which presents a significant constraint in the progress of utilizing ACEL. Herein, a new class of ACEL phosphors based on lanthanide metal‐organic frameworks (Ln‐MOFs) is devised. A synthesis of lanthanide‐benzenetricarboxylate (Ln‐BTC) thin film on a brass grid substrate seeded with ZnO nanowires (NWs) as anchors is developed. The as‐synthesized Ln‐BTC thin film is employed as the emissive layer and shows visible electroluminescence driven by alternating current (2.9 V µm−1, 1 kHz) for the first time. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the Ln‐based ACEL stems from impact excitation by accelerated electrons from ZnO NWs. Fine‐tuning of the ACEL color is also demonstrated by controlling the Ln‐MOF compositions and introducing an extra ZnS emitting layer. The advances in these optical materials expand the application of ACEL devices in anti‐counterfeiting.
Thermal and mechanical performance of lightweight geopolymer concrete with pumice aggregate
Authors: Jamal Ahmed Salah , Bzeni Dillshad K. H. , Shi Jinyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to prepare and assess the mechanical characteristics of fly ash (FA)‐based lightweight geopolymer concrete (LWGPC) utilizing pumice as a coarse aggregate. A comprehensive set of 16 LWGPC mixtures were synthesized. The first twelve mixtures produced with varying alkaline to FA ratio and varying proportions of coarse aggregates. The mixture proportion that has given the highest compressive strength (CS), was selected to create four other LWGPC mixes with water‐to‐solid ratios (w/s) ranging from 0.17 to 0.23. Fresh and mechanical properties as well as thermal conductivity (TC) of the LWGPC samples were examined. The experimental findings indicate an inverse relationship between the w/s ratio and mechanical properties of LWGPC samples. Notably, the mechanical properties attain their highest values at the lowest w/s ratio, primarily attributed to reduced porosity and higher concentration of alkali solution in the mixtures with lesser water content. The LWGPC achieved highest CS of 13 MPa, modulus of elasticity (ME) of 8.8 GPa, flexural strength (FS) of 2.2 MPa, and tensile splitting strength (TSS) of 1.64 MPa. The oven dry density (ODD) and TC values ranged from 1746 to 1815 kg/m3 and 0.119 to 0.131 W/m K, respectively. A low‐cost and eco‐friendly novel lightweight concrete composition with low TC was developed.
Robust multi‐loop control of a floating wind turbine
Authors: Stockhouse David , Pusch Manuel , Damiani Rick , Sirnivas Senu , Pao Lucy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA principal challenge facing the control of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) is the problem of instability, or “negative damping,” when using blade pitch feedback to control generator speed. This closed‐loop instability can be attributed to non‐minimum phase zeros in the transfer function from blade pitch to generator speed. Standard approaches to improving stability and performance include robust tuning of control gains and introducing multiple feedback loops to respond to platform motion. Combining these approaches is nontrivial because multiple control loops complicate the impact of coupling in the system dynamics. The single‐loop approach to analyzing stability robustness neglects inter‐loop coupling, while a simplistic multi‐loop approach is highly sensitive to dimensional scaling and overestimates the robustness of the single‐loop controller. This work proposes a sensitivity representation that separates some of the natural FOWT dynamic coupling into a parallel feedback loop in the sensitivity function loop to address both of these concerns. The modified robustness measure is used with a simplified linear FOWT model to optimize scheduled multi‐loop control parameters in an automated tuning procedure. This controller is implemented for the 10‐MW Ultraflexible Smart FLoating Offshore Wind Turbine (USFLOWT) and compared against conventional single‐ and multi‐loop controllers tuned using frequency‐domain analysis and high‐fidelity OpenFAST simulations. The multi‐loop robust controller shows the highest overall performance in generator speed regulation and tower load reduction, though consideration of power quality, actuator usage, and other structural loading leads to additional trade‐offs.
Bioenergy updates and prospects for decarbonization in the ASEAN region: A review on logistical concerns and potential solutions
Authors: Balanay Raquel , Halog Anthony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAssociation of Southeast Asian Economies (ASEAN's) logistical concerns and support for bioenergy production from biomass waste are consolidated to discuss the updates and the areas needing modification/improvement to sustain the increasing trend of bioenergy production and consumption amidst food security and other ecological issues in the region. A systematic narrative review was conducted to address the current information scarcity on bioenergy logistics and discuss methods for moving forward. Regardless, the biofuels supply chain primarily supports biofuels and has numerous logistical concerns, including feedstock, conversion, and generation. The ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation has coordinated the ASEAN's present bioenergy development that shows slow yet determined steps. As a result of policies and mandates, bioenergy production has progressed steadily, as well as a continuous improvement of current energy logistics (mostly fossil fuel‐based) to increase biofuel deployment. The current logistics for bioenergy is still lacking and technologically ill‐equipped, with significant inefficiency and sub‐optimality issues. Huge support to re‐engineer and retool bioenergy logistics is necessary to make bioenergy competitive with fossil fuels in ASEAN countries with varying economic and modernization status. Regional cooperation is key in developing an efficient and optimal logistical system for bioenergy in ASEAN, which needs to be supported with intensified R&D, smart solutions, green financing, incentive system, risk management, and policy frameworks. Green logistics is advocated to push forward decarbonizing the future across the ASEAN region with bioenergy.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy
Climate and Environment > Net Zero Planning and Decarbonization
Sustainable Development > Goals
Climate and Environment > Circular Economy