bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolongation of Organ Allograft Survival by Syngeneic Lymphoic Cells
Authors: Tilney N. L. , Graves M. J. , Strom T. B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of suppressor cells was tested in vivo by passive transfer of lymphoid cells from enhanced rats bearing well functioning cardiac allografts into unmodified syngeneic animals receiving test heart grafts 1 day later. LEW rats were enhanced with 107 BN splenocytes and 1 ml LEW anti-BN antiserum 11 and 10 days, respectively, before receiving a (LEW × BN) F1 heart graft. All such grafts function over 25 days; one-third indefinitely. Grafts in unmodified hosts survive 7 ± 0.3 days. Thymocytes (108) harvested from enhanced recipients 6 days after grafting and transferred to unmodified LEW animals prolonged test graft survival to MST of 17 ± 3 days (p &lt; 0.001). Splenocytes (nylon wool-adherent and nonadherent fractions) from such animals prolonged test graft survival to 12 ± 4 and 14 ± 4 days, respectively. Transfer of thymocytes from immunologically virgin LEW rats or LEW rats bearing acutely rejecting (LEW × BN) F1 grafts did not prolong test graft survival. Specificity was assessed by transferring cells from enhanced LEW recipients of (LEW × BN) F1 heart grafts into LEW recipients of WF grafts. WF graft survival was not prolonged. Since increased graft survival in unmodified hosts is a stringent requirement for the effect of suppressor cells in vivo, we conclude that such cells participate in the maintenance of immunologic enhancement.
Target Antigens of Cell-Mediated Lympholysis Discrimination of HLA Subtypes by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
Authors: Robinson Mary Ann , Noreen Harriet J. , Amos D. Bernard , Yunis Edmond J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The evolution of HLA specificities has been toward ever-increasing refinement; one example is a subdivision of HLA-B5, the supertype specificity originally defined as 4a. HLA-B5 can now be further subdivided into Bw51 amd Bw52 by serologic means. Whereas the specificity Bw51 can be detected by specific sera, the identification of Bw52 must frequently be deduced from knowledge of B5 and Bw51, although serology has progressed rapidly. There has been no comparable development in identifying fine specificities by cellular cytotoxicity in populations. We have now found that cytotoxic effectors of exquisite specificity can be generated against Bw52 by sensitization of cells from a Bw51 donor and vice versa; Bw51 and Bw52 can in this way be recognized with equal ease. This may set a precedent for recognizing fine specificities of other HLA antigens that cannot yet be identified serologically or can be identified only imprecisely. These fine distinctions may have great relevance in allotransplantation and in understanding disease susceptibility.
The Induction of Hapten-Specific Immunologic Tolerance and Immunity in B Lymphocytes
Authors: Fidler John M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The serum from mice that had been rendered specifically tolerant (TolS) to the trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten by the injection of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) was tested in vitro for its ability to induce unresponsiveness in untreated spleen cells. Conjugated with TNP at a concentration of ≈4 × 10-4 M, TolS induced complete TNP-specific tolerance in cultures of spleen cells challenged with TNP-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) and 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetic acid conjugated polymerized flagellin (NIP-POL). By using normal mouse serum (NMS) as a control, TNP-specific tolerance in the in vitro antibody response was induced by cultivation of spleen cells with amounts of TolS ranging from 10-4 to 10-2 ml (equivalent to 4 × 10-8 to 4 × 10-6 M TNP) in 1 ml cultures of 10 × 106 viable spleen cells. Thymic-derived (T) cells were not required for the induction of the unresponsiveness in TNP-specific bone marrow-derived (bursal equivalent, B) lymphocytes. TolS induced tolerance in cultures challenged with either T cell independent (TI) or T cell dependent (TD) forms of the TNP hapten. TolS was nonimmunogenic under the in vitro culture conditions used, and did not affect control responses.
Although it was most effective when harvested 4 or fewer days after TNBS injection of donor mice, TolS exerted a tolerogenic effect if obtained as much as 2 weeks after such treatment. TolS was active across both histocompatibility and immunoglobulin allotype barriers, and also exerted its tolerogenic effect in the presence of concentrations of antigen optimal for the induction of immunity. Complete tolerance was induced by pretreatment of spleen cells with TolS and extensive washing before the addition of immunogen. Following dose response kinetics, the time required and the level of unresponsiveness induced during preincubation with TolS were directly related to the dose of tolerogen utilized. The inability of TNP-lysine to act as a tolerogen and the nondialysable nature of TolS suggested that the active component of this serum is a macromolecule and not merely TNBS. Fractionation of TolS by (NH4)2SO4 resulted in virtually complete recovery of the tolerogenic activity in the globulin (nonalbumin) fraction. Although haptenated serum γ-globulins would be present in this fraction, it is also possible that other constituents with potential tolerogenic capacity are present (i.e., various serum proteins or cell surface membrane fragments that are trinitrophenylated). The data are consistent with the suggestion that TNBS-induced tolerance in vivo is mediated by a component of TolS that is active as a tolerogen in vitro.
Polymorphisms of Murine Ia Loci in Wild Mice: Serological Analysis of the I Region Antigens in a Collection of Wild Derived H-2 Haplotypes
Authors: Wakeland Edward K. , Duncan William R. , Klein Jan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The polymorphism of antigens produced by the I-A and the I-EC subregions was assessed in a collection of B10 congenic lines containing wild derived H-2 haplotypes (B10.W lines). Utilizing alloantisera prepared and analyzed with inbred lines and H-2 recombinants, a total of 29 B10.W lines were tested for 19 inbred Ia antigens of the I-A or I-EC subregions. This survey revealed: 1) that both public and private inbred Ia antigens of the I-A and the I-EC subregions are present among wild mice; 2) that the I-A subregion is more complex serologically than the I-EC region; 3) and that some wild mice do not have any of the inbred public or private antigens of either the I-A or the I-EC subregions. Serological and immunochemical characterization of alloantisera prepared in inbred lines against some of the B10.W lines has demonstrated the presence of public and private Ia antigens among wild mice that are absent from the inbred lines.
Quantitative Differences in the Expression of Specificity Ia.7
Authors: Murphy Donal B. , Jones Patricia P. , Loken Michael R. , McDevitt Hugh O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A locus mapping between the I-J and S regions of the H-2 gene complex controls the Ia.7 determinant. Studies with recombinant strain A.TFR5 reveal that although B lymphocytes from this strain express specificity Ia.7, quantitatively less antigen is found when compared with other Ia.7-positive strains. For example, quantitative absorptions with counted numbers of lymphocytes show that roughly the same number of cells obtained from Ia.7-positive strains completely absorb antibody cytotoxic for A.TFR5 target cells from a B10.A(18R) anti-B10.A(5R) serum. In contrast, approximately five times as many A.TFR5 lymphocytes are required for complete absorption. In addition, indirect immunofluorescence studies with the same Ia antiserum show that A.TL splenic B lymphocytes stain much more brightly than A.TFR5 splenic B lymphocytes.
There are two possible explanations for these observations. First, a mutation may have occurred in the A.TFR5 line that affects the quantitative expression of the Ia.7 determinant.
Serologic Studies of I-E/I-C Gene Products in Haplotypes H-2b, H-2s, H-2q, and H-2f
Authors: David Chella S. , Neely Brian C. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The I-E and I-C subregion products have been identified specifically in haplotypes H-2k and H-2d. Haplotypes H-2p and H-2r are assumed to express products of I-E/I-C subregion on the basis of cross-reactions with anti-I-Ek sera. Anti-I-Ek or I-Ed sera do not cross-react with haplotypes H-2s, H-2b, H-2q, and H-2f. Specific immunizations to produce anti-I-Eb and anti-I-Es alloantisera have been unsuccessful. We turned to xenoimmunization to serologically identify the gene products of this chromosomal segment in the above haplotypes. NP-40 detergent solubilized antigenic material mixed in Freund's complete adjuvant were immunized into rabbits. Two weeks later a booster was given and the rabbits bled one week later for antisera analyses. The rabbits were then boosted once a month and bled periodically. The rabbit antiserum reacted with all mouse strains. Absorptions with appropriate recombinants showed the presence of specific antibodies against the I region products.
Chemical Characterization of Murine Ia Antigens
Authors: McMillan M. , Cecka J. M. , Frelinger J. G. , Murphy D. , Frelinger J. A. , McDevitt H. O. , Hood L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Several products of the I region of the mouse H-2 complex have been characterized by micropeptide analysis, microsequence analysis, and two-dimensional gel (IEF/SDS-PAGE) analysis. Ia antigens have been isolated using the biosynthetic radiolabeling technique together with highly specific alloantisera and indirect immunoprecipitation. Chromatography of tryptic peptides prepared from the α and β polypeptides of Ia antigens encoded by the I-A and I-EC subregions will be compared from both spleen and epidermal cell preparations. These data, in conjunction with partial N-terminal amino acid sequence data on Ia antigens from the I-Ab, I-Ak, I-Ad, I-As, I-ECk and I-ECd subregions and haplotypes will be discussed in terms of homology relationships and haplotype-associated differences in the structures of these Ia polypeptides. Two-dimensional gel patterns of isolated α and β polypeptides will also be presented. The implications of these data will be discussed as they relate to the genetic organization of the I-region.
Isoelectric Focusing of Guinea Pig Ia Antigens
Authors: Schwartz Benjamin D. , Gordon Diane , Thomas David W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To ascertain whether guinea pig Ia antigen-bearing molecules might act as receptors for exogenous antigens, Ia molecules from strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs were tested for the presence of variable regions by isoelectric focusing (IEF). Ia antigens from lymph node cells, T lymphocytes, and macrophages were radiolabeled with 3H-leucine or 35S-methionine, solubilized by NP-40, and isolated by immunoprecipitation. The IEF characteristics of each component Ia chain were studied by employing a “reverse” O'Farrell technique whereby the two Ia chains were first separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and then each chain was subjected to IEF. Comparison of Ia molecules derived from each of the cell populations, but bearing identical Ia determinants, revealed virtually identical IEF patterns, suggesting that the same class of Ia molecules can be derived from each cell population studied. Within each inbred strain, Ia molecules bearing different determinants had similar but distinctive IEF patterns.
Complex Genetic Control of Immune Response to Lysozymes in Mice
Authors: Kipp Dale E. , Miller Alexander , Sercarz Eli E. , Taylor Benjamin A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
H-2b mice fail to respond to some bird lysozymes (prototype: hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL)) while showing normal responsiveness to other closely related bird lysozymes (prototype: ringed-neck pheasant lysozyme (REL)). H-2b mice also fail to respond to human lysozyme (HUL). Previous studies have shown that differential HEL:REL responsiveness is associated with two genetic loci within H-2, one mapping to the left of I-B and one to the right. Present studies, in which equal positive response is found to HEL and REL in H-2ba and H-2bf mice, indicate that a mutation at H-2K is associated with the loss of ability to discriminate between HEL and REL. The presence of at least one controlling locus outside H-2 is suggested by studies with recombinant inbred strains (RI) of C57BL/6 and C57L (a strain which responds to HEL although H-2b). Two such RI with H-2 derived from the C57BL/6 parent respond to HEL while one RI with H-2 derived from C57L does not respond.
Do Ly Phenotypes Correlate with Function or with MHC Determinant Recognized?
Authors: Swain Susan L. , Panfili Peter R. , Dutton Richard W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Many observations have led to a general hypothesis in which T cells that mediate helper functions have the Ly phenotype 1+,2- and are specific for I region determinants whereas T cells which mediate suppressor functions are Ly1+ or -,2+ and preferentially recognize K or D determinants. However, there are some exceptions to this dichotomy. We have shown that allogeneic helper effects can be generated to K and D determinants and suppression can result from I region differences. These exceptions raise the question of which factor determines the Ly phenotype of the T cell—the function of the cell or the MHC determinant that is recognized by the cell. In the experiments to be presented, we show that those helper T cells stimulated by K, D differences are Ly2+, while those stimulated by I region differences are Ly2-.
Positive allogeneic effects were determined by titrating mitomycin-treated, nylon wool passed splenic T cells into allogeneic B cells (anti-T treated spleen) plus SRBC.
Clones of Alloreactive T Cells
Authors: Fathman C. G. , Hengartner H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Previous observations from our lab and many others have suggested that MLR determinants are composed of I region gene products. We extended our original observations by studying the reactivities of responder cells obtained after in vitro primary stimulation (primed responder cells = PRC) with selected stimulator cells. These studies suggested that MLR determinants exist as “interaction” products of several I region genes which can act in cis- or trans- position. Furthermore, these studies suggested the existence of specific clones of PRC which could recognize unique F1 MLR determinants. Using serially restimulated PRC which had been in culture for over three months, we derived colonies of alloreactive cells (using soft agar cloning techniques) which have remarkably restricted reactivities. Studies with these “cloned” PRC supported our original premise concerning clones of unique F1 reactive PRC and suggested the existence of unique “homozygous” MLR determinants and clones of cells which specifically recognize such determinants.
Characterization of Ia Antigens on Trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Modified Guinea Pig Macrophages
Authors: Clement L. T. , Thomas D. W. , Shevach E. M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The proliferative response of hapten-reactive guinea pig T lymphocytes to TNP-modified macrophages is regulated by the I-region of the MHC of the priming macrophage and can be specifically inhibited by both anti-TNP serum and anti-Ia serum directed against the stimulator macrophage. Although these findings suggest an intimate association of macrophage Ia antigens and the TNP-specific immunogen, the precise nature of the antigenic determinant(s) recognized by the T cell remains unclear. We have investigated this apparent association by chemical methods. Peritoneal exudate cells from strain 13 guinea pigs were radio-labeled with 125Iodine or 3H-leucine, derivatized with trinitrobenzene sulfonate, and lysed with detergent. TNP-modified proteins were then precipitated with anti-TNP serum and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although multiple membrane proteins were precipitated by anti-TNP serum, sequential precipitation experiments using anti-TNP or anti-Ia sera demonstrated that the TNP-bearing molecules and Ia antigens were distinct and separate from one another.
Macrophage-Lymphocyte Interactions Regulated by the MHC
Authors: Unanue Emil R. , Farr Andrew G. , Beller David I. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophages can regulate lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation by various mechanisms, some of which are under the control of the MHC gene complex. Three distinct functions of the macrophage can be identified: 1) antigen presentation; 2) stimulation or inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation, resulting from secretion of mitogens or inhibitors; this function is modulated by phagocytosis of antigen, interaction with lymphocytes, and the state of macrophage activation; and 3) control of antigen-independent differentiation, as it takes place, for example, during part of thymocyte maturation.
Antigen presentation can be regulated by the MHC gene complex in an in vitro culture system involving a brief interaction of macrophages that have phagocytized Listeria monocytogenes and immune T cells. Such cultures contain copious amounts of a thymocyte mitogen, the secretion of which requires homology at the I-A region between the T cell and the macrophage and intimate contact for at least six hours.
Synergism Between Two Types of I-Region-Restricted Helper T Cells
Authors: Swierkosz James , Marrack Philippa , Kappler John W. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In vitro interactions between KLH, SRBC, or (T,G)-A--L-specific helper T cells and either B cells or macrophages (Mϕ) were shown to involve the simultaneous recognition of both the antigen and a product(s) of the I-region expressed on the B cell and the Mϕ. For example, in the anti-TNP response to TNP-(T,G)-A--L, T cells from (T,G)-A--L primed high × low responder F1 mice required that both high responder B cells and Mϕ be present in culture for a high response. Thus, it was surprising that KLH or SRBC primed T cells from F1 mice whose parents differed at H-2 could interact equally well with Mϕ-depleted B cells from either parent, regardless which parental Mϕ was used to reconstitute the cultures.
One possible explanation for these results was that effective responses required two synergising antigen-specific, I-specific helper T cells, one of which interacted with antigen bound to the Mϕ, and the other of which interacted with antigen bound to the B cell.
H-2 Gene Control of T-B Collaboration in Vivo
Authors: Sprent Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiments on the response to sheep erythrocytes (SRC) in vivo indicate that H-2 genes control (i) the induction of T helper (Th) cells (presumed to be a reflection of T-“macrophage” interactions) and (ii) T-B collaboration. Studies on the helper function of normal and chimeric T cells activated to SRC in irradiated syngeneic and allogeneic mice suggest that antigen presentation by “macrophages” of a particular H-2 haplotype generates a population of activated Th cells which collaborate only with specific B cells carrying the same H-2 determinants as the “macrophages”. From this approach it has been concluded that in terms of their helper function (i) normal homozygous T cells of strain a consist of a single population of “anti-self a” (anti-a) Th cells which recognize antigen presented by “macrophages” or specific B cells of strain a but not by strain b cells.
Lack of Strain Restrictions Among Allogeneic Nonresponder Donors and Recipients of GAT-Specific T Cell-Derived Suppressor Factors
Authors: Kapp Judith A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The synthetic terpolymer of l-glutamic acid60-l-alanine30-l-tyrosine10 (GAT) fails to stimulate development of GAT-specific antibody responses in nonresponder mice but stimulates development of GAT-specific suppressor T cells that inhibit the development of normal anti-GAT PFC responses to GAT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin. Extracts from lymphoid cells of GAT-primed but not control, nonresponder (DBA/1) mice contain a T cell factor (GAT-TsF) that also specifically suppresses responses to GAT-MBSA by normal syngeneic spleen cells. The experiments to be reported demonstrate that: 1) extracts from all GAT-primed nonresponder mice tested contain (GAT-TsF; 2) non-H-2 genes do not restrict the production of GAT-TsF; 3) all nonresponder strains of mice regardless of their non-H-2 genes are suppressed by GAT-TsF from all other strains bearing the nonresponder H-2p,q,s haplotypes; 4) both syngeneic and allogeneic nonresponder mice are suppressed by purified GAT-TSF that lacks immunoreactive GAT; and 5) suppression of GAT-MBSA responses by both syngeneic and allogeneic nonresponder spleen cells is mediated by a molecule encoded by the H-2 gene complex.
Localization of Hepatitis A Antigen in Liver Tissue by Peroxidase-Conjugated Antibody Method: Light and Electron Microscopic Studies
Authors: Shimizu Yohko K. , Mathiesen Lars R. , Lorenz Douglas , Drucker Jacques , Feinstone Stephen M. , Wagner Jo Ann , Purcell Robert H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hepatitis A antigen (HAAg) was localized in liver tissue from marmosets inoculated with human hepatitis A virus (HAV) by light and electron microscopy by using a peroxidase-conjugated antibody method. The fine granular peroxidase staining was scattered throughout the cytoplasm of liver cells when viewed with the light microscope. The distribution of HAAg-positive cells was focal. Virus-like particles, 24 to 27 nm in diameter, were observed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and smaller cells, resembling Kupffer cells, by standard thin-section electron microscopy (thin section EM). By immunoperoxidase electron microscopy (immunoperoxidase EM), HAAg was detected on the particles, which were aggregated within cytoplasmic vesicles of the hepatocyte. The surrounding membrane of the vesicles was also HAAg-positive. Similar HAAg particles were observed in the cytoplasm of smaller cells adjacent to hepatocytes as well. Thus, immunoperoxidase EM revealed that the 24- to 27-nm virus-like particles in the cytoplasma of liver cells obtained from marmosets were infected with HAV contained HAAg.
p30-Anti-p30 Immune Complexes: Intravascular Clearance and Extravascular Sequestration in Rats Bearing Moloney Sarcoma
Authors: Charles Jennette J. , Feldman J. D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Complexes of 125I p30, a viral core polypeptide, and rat anti-p30 antibody, preformed in vitro, were injected into the heart of BN rats bearing Moloney sarcomas (MST) and of BN rats bearing an unrelated tumor or unexposed to tumor. Complexes were cleared from the circulation of MST-bearing rats more rapidly than from sera of controls and were almost completely eliminated after 30 hr. There was no relationship between rate of disappearance and size of tumor or levels of circulating complexes. Disappearance rates in rats with progressing and regressing tumors were similar. Uncomplexed labeled p30 was cleared from the circulation of tumor-bearing and control rats with kinetics similar to those of labeled complexes. Complexes were localized in the spleen of tumor-bearing and control rats, but much more in spleens of MST-bearing rats. No other tissues, including tumor, concentrated complexes, nor was there binding to peripheral blood and spleen cells. The data suggest that augmented clearance and sequestration were due to the formation of large insoluble complexes that were rapidly removed by the reticulo-endothelial system.