bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CRISE DO ESTADO DE BEM-ESTAR SOCIAL E POLÍTICAS DE AUSTERIDADE NO BRASIL E PORTUGAL: ECONOMIZANDO EM DIREITOS SOCIAIS PARA SOLUCIONAR A CRISE ECONÔMICA
Authors: Erbice De Siqueira Daianne , Schmidt João Pedro 
Published: August 2023

O presente artigo possui como tema a implementação de políticas de austeridade como medida de contenção gastos com direitos sociais e estratégia de elevação da economia. O problema de pesquisa questiona: a implementação da políticas de austeridade, com a redução de investimentos públicos em direitos fundamentais sociais e flexibilização de direitos no Brasil e em Portugal, é uma via para a solução para a crise econômica? O objetivo é averiguar se a implementação de medidas áusteras advindas da noção neoliberalista pode ser considerado elemento solucionador da crise econômica no Brasil e em Portugal. O método de abordagem utilizado é o histórico-crítico combinado com o método dedutivo. O método de procedimento é o monográfico e a técnica de pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental. O estudo possui como base teórica autores como Ingo Wolfgang Sarlet, Manuel Castells, Amartya Sen, Robert Alexy e Thomas Piketty. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que a implementação de políticas de austeridade, além de não elevar o crescimento da economia gera o agravamento das desigualdades sociais, já latentes nos países estudados.
DO CONSENTIMENTO PARENTAL CONTRÁRIO AO MELHOR INTERESSE E AOS DIREITOS PERSONALÍSSIMOS DA CRIANÇA NA LEI GERAL DE PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Cardin Valéria Silva Galdino , Aparecida Costa Cláudia 
Published: August 2023

O estudo tematiza o art. 14 da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados (LGPD – Lei n. 13.709/2018), especialmente no que tange ao consentimento parental que disciplina a análise de dados do menor realizado em desconformidade com o melhor interesse da criança. Realizar-se-á uma análise hermenêutica do texto legislativo para evidenciar a ausência de adequação da proteção direcionada exclusivamente à criança e ao adolescente como instrumento necessário ao desenvolvimento da personalidade do menor. Ao final, observa-se que a promulgação da LGPD consagra um importante marco regulatório da internet. Contudo há algumas falhas no texto legal, dentre elas a de uma alternativa capaz de substituir o consentimento parental quando ele afronta direitos e garantias legais do menor. Adotou-se o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, com técnica de pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica e documental.
Exertional Dyspnea; Just an Untrained Child? Two Case Reports
Analyzing the Role of Lung Function Testing
Authors: La Regina Domenico Paolo , Mancino Enrica , Iovine Elio , Spatuzzo Mattia , Virgili Fabrizio , Matera Luigi , Nenna Raffaella , Midulla Fabio 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Dyspnea is a common symptom that afflicts many patients with pulmonary
disease and may be the primary manifestation of not only lung disease but also myocardial
dysfunction, anemia, neuromuscular disorders, obesity, etc. Dyspnea can be induced by physical activity,
which is referred to as exercise-induced dyspnea (EID). It can be caused by various etiologies,
sometimes concomitant. In pediatrics, the three most common causes of exertional dyspnea
are exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, inducible laryngeal obstruction, and being physically untrained

Case presentation:
We report two cases of adolescents who developed EID and their management
approach. The first patient had an inducible laryngeal obstruction (EILO), while the second had an
exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB).

Discussion:
The diagnosis of EIB is based on clinical symptoms (e.g., exercise-related symptoms
of dyspnea, cough, or wheezing) and lung function testing (LFT). This test shows a reversible airflow
limitation in response to exercise. A decrease in FEV1 ≥ 10% is considered positive. A major
goal is to ensure that patients with EIB continue physical activity. Therapy is based on non-pharmacologic
and pharmacologic measures.

Conclusion:
Our aim is to add our experience to the available knowledge on the diagnosis of EID.
In conclusion, when faced with a child with exertional dyspnea, before declaring that he is not
trained, it is always necessary to collect an accurate medical history, examination and carry out
LFT, excluding pathologies of the upper and lower respiratory tract, such as EILO and EIB.
Associations between Disordered Eating Behaviors and HbA1c in Young People with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Marks Kevin P. , Aalders Jori , Liu Shengxin , Broadley Melanie , Thastum Mikael , Jensen Morten B. , Ibfelt Else Helene , Birkebaek Niels H. , Pouwer Frans 
Published: August 2023

Background:
In type 1 diabetes, disordered eating behaviors (DEB) can adversely impact
HbA1c. Diabetes-adapted DEB questionnaires assess intentional insulin omission, whereas generic
questionnaires do not. Given the number of studies describing DEB-HbA1c associations published
over the past decade, an updated systematic review is warranted.

Objective:
The study aimed to examine the associations between DEBs assessed by generic and diabetes-
adapted questionnaires (and subscales) and HbA1c among young people (<29 years) with
type 1 diabetes.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases.
Observational studies examining associations between DEB as assessed by questionnaires
and HbA1c were included. Publication information, DEB and HbA1c characteristics, and DEBHbA1c
associations were extracted. Hedges’ g was calculated for mean HbA1c differences between
groups with and without DEB.

Results:
The systematic search yielded 733 reports, of which 39 reports representing 35 unique
studies met the inclusion criteria. Nineteen studies assessing DEB by diabetes-adapted questionnaires
(n=5,795) and seven using generic questionnaires (n=2,162) provided data for meta-analysis.
For diabetes-adapted questionnaires, DEB was associated with higher HbA1c (g=0.62 CI=0.52;
0.73) with a similar effect size when restricted to validated questionnaires (g=0.61; CI=0.50;
0.73). DEB was not associated with HbA1c for generic questionnaires (g=0.19; CI=-0.17; 0.55), but
significantly associated with higher HbA1c for validated generic questionnaires (g=0.32; 95%
CI=0.16-0.48). Participant and HbA1c collection characteristics were often inadequately described.

Conclusion:
Diabetes-adapted DEB questionnaires should be used in youth with type 1 diabetes
because they capture intentional insulin omission and are more strongly associated with HbA1c
than generic DEB questionnaires.
Role of Sapindus emarginatus Pericarp Extract in Gut Serotonin Level and
its Emetic Activity in Animal Models
Authors: Vivekanandan Lalitha , Thangavelu Prabha , Murugesan Jagadeeswaran , Selvaraj Hemalatha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Emesis is a complex and distressing protective mechanism that helps to
remove toxic substances from the stomach and prevent further ingestion. The emetics and cathartics
are predominantly used for accidental and intentional ingestion of poisons or toxins. The availability and usage of emetics in humans are limited because of their side effects. Therefore, to treat poisoned people, we need effective medications. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl., often called soapnut, is
a member of the Sapindaceae family. They have historically been used as emetic, antipruritic, laxative, antifertility, and anti-inflammatory medicines.

Objective:
This study aims to assess the gut serotonin level and emetic effect of Sapindus emarginatus hydroethanolic pericarp extract (HESE) by using animal models.

Methods:
Gravimetric analysis was used to determine the HESE's saponin content. The emetic effect of the HESE at a dose of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg was evaluated by copper sulfateinduced emesis in the chick model and cisplatin-induced emesis in the rat-pica model. The serotonin level in rat intestinal mucosa was measured by spectrofluorimetry.

Results:
HESE was estimated to contain 11.92% saponin. The extract at high doses of 1000 and
2000 mg/kg showed emetic activity evidenced by increased frequency of retching in chick, increased kaolin intake, and anorexia in the rat-pica model. The extract showed a significant increase
in serotonin levels in the proximal part of the small intestine in comparison with normal animals.

Conclusion:
According to the results of the current investigation, which employed various animal
models, the HESE demonstrated appreciable emetic activity. The extract at a high dose showed a
significant emetic effect due to increased serotonin levels in the gut. The HESE was discovered to
be a strong contender for the treatment of poisoned patients. More research are required to validate
their adverse effects of frequent usage.
Evaluation of Nootropic Potential of Aerva persica Roots against
D-galactose-induced Memory Impairment
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Fatima Kaneez , Gilani Sadaf Jamal , Taleuzzaman Mohamad , Ali Syed Salman , Siddiqui Samera Ali 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The primary phytoconstituents reported to have neuroprotective effects are flavonoids
and phenolic compounds. Aerva persica roots are reported to be rich in flavonoids and phenolic
compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the nootropic potential of Aerva persica roots.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the nootropic potential of Aerva persica
roots against D-galactose-induced memory impairment.

Methods:
In this study, the roots of Aerva persica were extracted with 70% ethanol. The obtained
extract was evaluated for total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and total flavonoid
content using the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay. Afterward, the acute oral toxicity of
the extract was determined following the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) guideline 423. Additionally, two doses of Aerva persica (100 and 200 mg/kg body
weight (BW)) were evaluated for their nootropic potential against D-galactose-induced memory
impairment. The nootropic potential of the crude extract was assessed through a behavioural study
and brain neurochemical analysis. Behavioural studies involved the evaluation of spatial reference-
working memory using the radial arm maze test and the Y-maze test. Neurochemical analysis
was performed to determine the brain’s acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione (GSH),
and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.

Results:
The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were found to be 179.14 ± 2.08 μg
GAE/mg and 273.72 ± 3.94 μg QE/mg, respectively. The Aerva persica extract was found to be
safe up to 2000 mg/kg BW. Following the safety assessment, the experimental mice received various
treatments for 14 days. The behavioural analysis using the radial maze test showed that the extract
at both doses significantly improved spatial reference-working memory and reduced the
number of total errors compared to disease control groups. Similarly, in the Y-maze test, both doses
significantly increased the alteration percentage and the percentage of novel arm entry (both indicative
of intact spatial memory) compared to disease control. In neurochemical analysis, Aerva
persica at 200 mg/kg significantly normalised the acetylcholine level (p<0.0001) and GSH level
(p<0.01) compared to disease control. However, the same effect was not observed with Aerva
persica at 100 mg/kg. Additionally, Aerva persica at 200mg/kg BW significantly decreased the
acetylcholinesterase level (p<0.0001) and decreased the brain’s MDA level (p<0.01) compared to
the disease control, whereas the effect of Aerva persica at 100 mg/kg BW in reducing acetylcholinesterase
was non-significant.

Conclusion:
Based on the results, it can be concluded that the nootropic potential of Aerva persica
was comparable to that of the standard drug, Donepezil, and the effect might be attributed to the
higher content of flavonoids and phenolic compounds.
Drug Polymorphism: An Important Pre-formulation Tool in the
Formulation Development of a Dosage Form
Authors: Singh Prateek , Sharma Shaweta , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Alam Aftab 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Polymorphism permits solids to have two or multiple crystal structures with varying
orientations or conformations, and polymorph drug dissolution and solubility vary. Polymorphism
influences drug efficacy, bioavailability and toxicity. Various parameters can
regulate polymorph crystallization, including supersaturation phase, temperature, stirring
rate, solvent addition rate, seed crystal, additives and pH. To characterize and monitor polymorphs,
various analytical approaches are available, including powder X-Ray diffraction /
X-Ray diffraction (PXRD/XRD), also called as Gold Standard method, differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), and microscopical studies. To prevent polymorphic
change during production, distribution, and storage, formulation with the most stable
form in the marketed product is considered. In addition, by monitoring each phase of raw
material processing, polymorphisms can be controlled during dosage form manufacturing.
The objective of this review is to provide concise information on drug polymorphism, their
characterization process, their effect on the stability of dosage forms, factors controlling
polymorphism in the crystallization process, some case studies on polymorphs, control of
polymorphism during the formulation of successful dosage forms and some of the regulatory
considerations regarding polymorphs. Various databases like Pubmed/Medline, Google
Scholar and Web of Science of all English language articles were searched, and relevant
information was collected regarding the importance of polymorphism in formulation development.
From a vast literature survey, it was found that polymorphism is a very important
tool in a pre-formulation study that provides information about the fate of a drug molecule in
its journey. From the present study, it was concluded that the polymorphism property of a
drug should be taken into consideration at the pre-formulation stage since it is a very important
tool for the formulation of a successful dosage form with stability and efficacy.
Tetrazoles Leitmotif: An Intriguing Insight into Contemporary
Developments and Biological Activities
Authors: Mohite Popat , Nahar Deepali , Lonkar Ankita , Kadam Aditya , Desle Kaustubh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Heterocyclic compounds with a tetrazole core are of great interest because they represent an important class of synthetic compounds with a wide range of relevant biological properties that have the potential to be clinically translated as treatments for a variety of disorders. Due to their beneficial bioactivities, heterocycles with a tetrazole scaffold have aroused the interest of organic and medicinal chemists and sparked much attention in recent years. Tetrazoles are a form of nitrogen heterocycle found in several natural compounds in addition to their pharmacologically active nucleus. The tetrazole ring is similar to carboxylic acids and acts as a bioisostere analogue. A booster is a set of molecules with identical physiological features, including biological activity. Tetrazole nuclei are found in compounds used to evaluate new antimicrobial, anticancer, antitubercular, anticonvulsant, antimalarial, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory medicines. Tetrazole and its derivatives' broad and potent actions have established them as pharmacologically significant scaffolds. So far, tetrazole ring alterations have proven to be highly efficient, with greater efficacy. This review aims to provide an in-depth recapitulation of recent trends used to synthesize promising Tetrazole incorporated compounds and focus on the clinical significance of functionalized tetrazole analogues, which would essentially aid medicinal chemists in new research exploration and discovery in this field.
Current Regulations of Herbal Medicines in the US and EU
Authors: Krishna P. Dheeraj , Gowrav M.P. , Bhaskaran Mahendran , M.R. Kruthika 
Published: August 2023

Background:
If a herbal pharmaceutical is intended to impact the function of the human organism, it is categorized as a medication or a nutritional supplement. According to the FDA, the medicine must be offered under a New Drug Application (NDA). The European Medicine Agency (EMA) has established two methods for registering herbal medicals: Under Directive 2001/83/EC, a full marketing authorization (MA) is obtained by submitting a dossier containing data about the quality, safeness, and effectiveness of pharmaceuticals, which include physical and chemical, biological, or microbiological tests, as well as pharmacological, toxicological, and clinical trial documentation; There is a simplest technique under Directive 2004/24/EC for classical herbals that do not needs professional monitoring and where the indication of long history use of pharmaceuticals exists and appropriate relevant journals to illustrate a very well medicinal usage is not provided.

Aim:
A study about the regulatory status of herbal drugs/products was conducted in America and Europe to understand the various classes under which the sale of herbal goods is authorized and their premarketing criteria.

Materials and Methods:
This study has been performed by gathering information from the official websites of the USFDA and EMA.

Results:
A thorough evaluation was carried out in order to identify the impediments to the harmonization of herbal goods.

Conclusion:
Aside from the challenges of herb supply and conservation, it has been shown that there is a lack of uniformity in the regulatory standards of herbal supplements globally. These are impeding international commerce and the expansion of the herbal goods market. USFDA classifies botanical items as pharmaceutical, nutrition, or dietary supplement based on the indications or ultimate use.
Pharmacological Attributes of Hesperidin
Authors: Subhan Iqra , Siddique Yasir Hasan 
Published: August 2023

:
Hesperidin is a major flavonoid in sweet oranges and lemons. Aglycone form of hesperidin i.e., hesperetin, and their various derivatives possess significant potential as therapeutic agents for a wide range of diseases and disorders. No signs of toxicity have been observed with the normal intake of hesperidin or related compounds. Hesperidin has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, which includes antioxidant, anti-viral, anticancer, antidiabetic, analgesic, organ protective, neuroprotective, antihypertensive, and cardioprotective effects. This needs to be effectively studied at the clinical level so as to firmly establish the usefulness of these compounds in the treatment or prevention of disease in humans. This paper reviews various aspects of hesperidin, including their chemistry, biosynthesis, and bioactivity.
Fundamentals and Simulation of Electrowetting: Focus on Electrowetting
Lens
Authors: Safari Masoud , Haghighi Ali Moshfegh , Torkian Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Electrowetting has become one of the most widely used phenomena for
utilizing miniature contents of liquids on surfaces.

Method:
Electrowetting is an effective way to modify the droplet’s form with an electrical field. In
this work, we will review some basics of electrowetting fundamentals and details of electrowetting
on dielectric (EWOD) structures and materials. The principle of electrowetting liquid lenses and
their particular configurations have been demonstrated.

Result:
It should be noted that electrowetting lenses are better for commercial use because they use
an electrical drive instead of a mechanical approach.

Conclusion:
After a brief look at the simulation methods, the electrowetting lens and the COMSOL
simulation of a model are focused for this sort of electrowetting application. Some crucial
criteria are compared to distinguish the appropriate situation and materials.
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving: Employers’ Predilection for Plum
Jobs
Authors: G.J. Chithiraimaindan , Marimuthu Mohana , Sekar V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Gone are the days when the purpose of higher education was the pursuit of knowledge at a higher level for deeper understanding. In-depth knowledge fosters a greater understanding of the real world, which in turn promotes science and technology for decent living and eventually for the betterment of mankind. Education to fetch a good job, preferably plum jobs, has become the order of the day, but the percentage of students, who construe education for jobs with attractive salaries, has consistently been high in the decent decade, more pronounced after the onset of globalization in India since the early 1990s. Employers prefer a problem solver, and all they (employers) expect is not to rush to make decisions based on impulses. Almost, problem-solving has become an unwritten tacit job description. It is in this context that there is a need to dwell upon the expectations of employers, not only in business companies but also across all sectors. Critical thinking and problem-solving are the major skills that are expected of candidates for reasons better known to employers, but still, there is an academic interest in terms of understanding the concepts and illustrations of critical-thinking and problem-solving skills. To fill this gap, it is recommended to have the students get educated in their early stage of education. Hence, an attempt is made in this paper to bring to light the nuts and bolts of both (i.e., the detailed practical aspects of critical thinking and problem-solving) to enlighten the students, educational trainers, and academicians. The real challenge lies in transpiring the pedagogy of critical thinking and problem-solving to students and the prospective employees of different companies of all sectors of the economy.
Korelasi Dukungan Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa di SMP IT Abqari
Authors: Nurleli Nurleli , Idris Saifullah , Masbur Masbur 
Published: August 2023

Parents play a significant role in providing motivation and support to students, both in the form of moral and material supports. This support is very crucial because it has a huge influence on the students’ learning achievement. This research aims (1) to determine the correlation of parental support and student achievement, (2) to determine learning achievement after the support from parents, and (3) to find out how influential parental support is for the students’ achievement at SMP IT Abqari, Subulussalam City. This qualitative research used observation, interviews and documentation to obtain valid data. The results show that (1) there had been parental support for students’ learning achievement, (2) parents gave advice and controlled the students’ study time, (3) parents regularly attended POMG (Parents and Student Meetings), and (4) parents collaborated with the school to find out their children’s learning progress.