bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TGF-β1 derived from macrophages contributes to load-induced tendon-bone healing in the murine rotator cuff repair model by promoting chondrogenesis
Authors: Wang Linfeng , Li Shengcan , Xiao Han , Zhang Tao , Liu Yuqian , Hu Jianzhong , Xu Daqi , Lu Hongbin 
Published: March 2023

AimsIt has been established that mechanical stimulation benefits tendon-bone (T-B) healing, and macrophage phenotype can be regulated by mechanical cues; moreover, the interaction between macrophages and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a fundamental role in tissue repair. This study aimed to investigate the role of macrophage-mediated MSC chondrogenesis in load-induced T-B healing in depth.MethodsC57BL/6 mice rotator cuff (RC) repair model was established to explore the effects of mechanical stimulation on macrophage polarization, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 generation, and MSC chondrogenesis within T-B enthesis by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Macrophage depletion was performed by clodronate liposomes, and T-B healing quality was evaluated by histology and biomechanics. In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were stretched with CELLOAD-300 load system and macrophage polarization was identified by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). MSC chondrogenic differentiation was measured by histochemical analysis and qRT-PCR. ELISA and qRT-PCR were performed to screen the candidate molecules that mediated the pro-chondrogenic function of mechanical stimulated BMDMs.ResultsMechanical stimulation promoted macrophage M2 polarization in vivo and in vitro. The conditioned media from mechanically stimulated BMDMs (MS-CM) enhanced MSC chondrogenic differentiation, and mechanically stimulated BMDMs generated more TGF-β1. Further, neutralizing TGF-β1 in MS-CM can attenuate its pro-chondrogenic effect. In vivo, mechanical stimulation promoted TGF-β1 generation, MSC chondrogenesis, and T-B healing, which were abolished following macrophage depletion.ConclusionMacrophages subjected to appropriate mechanical stimulation could polarize toward the M2 phenotype and secrete TGF-β1 to promote MSC chondrogenesis, which subsequently augments T-B healing.Cite this article:Bone Joint Res 2023;12(3):219–230.
Genicular artery embolization for early-stage knee osteoarthritis: results from a triple-blind single-centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Landers Steve , Hely Rachael , Hely Andrew , Harrison Benjamin , Page Richard S. , Maister Nick , Gwini Stella M. , Gill Stephen D. 
Published: March 2023

AimsThis study investigated the effects of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on pain, function, and quality of life in people with early-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) compared to a sham procedure.MethodsA total of 59 participants with symptomatic Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 knee OA were randomly allocated to TAE or a sham procedure. The intervention group underwent TAE of one or more genicular arteries. The control group received a blinded sham procedure. The primary outcome was knee pain at 12 months according to the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain scale. Secondary outcomes included self-reported function and quality of life (KOOS, EuroQol five-dimension five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L)), self-reported Global Change, six-minute walk test, 30-second chair stand test, and adverse events. Subgroup analyses compared participants who received complete embolization of all genicular arteries (as distinct from embolization of some arteries) (n = 17) with the control group (n = 29) for KOOS and Global Change scores at 12 months. Continuous variables were analyzed with quantile regression, adjusting for baseline scores. Dichotomized variables were analyzed with chi-squared tests.ResultsOverall, 58 participants provided questionnaire data at 12 months. No significant differences were found for the primary and secondary outcomes, with both groups improving following the procedure. At 12 months, KOOS pain scores improved by 41.3% and 29.4% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. No adverse events occurred. Subgroup analysis indicated that the complete embolization group had significantly better KOOS Sports and Recreation, KOOS Quality of Life, and Global Change scores than the control group; 76.5% of participants who received complete embolization reporting being moderately or much better compared to 37.9% of the control group.ConclusionTAE might produce benefits above placebo, but only when complete embolization of all genicular arteries is performed. Further comparative studies are required before definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of TAE can be made.Level of evidence: ICite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):158–167.
Does the chemical contribution have a secondary role in SERS?
Authors: Guerra Hernández Luis A. , Reynoso Andrés A. , Fainstein Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

It is an established understanding that the electromagnetic contribution (plasmon-mediated enhancement of a laser and scattered local electromagnetic fields) is the main actor in surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with the so-called chemical (molecule-related) contribution assuming only, if any, a supporting role. The conclusion of our comprehensive experimental resonant study of a broad range of nanosphere lithography based metallic substrates, with covalently attached 4-mercaptobenzoic acid monolayers used as a probe (standard molecules that are non-resonant in solution), is that this accepted understanding needs to be revised. We present a detailed resonant SERS study of metal-film-over-nanosphere (MFON) substrates that is done by both scanning the laser wavelength and tuning the plasmon response through the nanosphere diameter, which is varied from 500 to 900 nm. Far and local field properties are characterized through measures of optical reflectivity and SERS efficiency, respectively, and are supported by numerical simulations. We demonstrate that SERS intensity depends indeed on the electromagnetic mechanism, determined by the plasmonic response of the system, but we observe that it is also strongly defined by a chemical resonant contribution related to a metal-to-ligand electronic transition of the covalently bound probe molecule. Optimum amplification occurs when the plasmon modes intersect with the ligand-to-metal chemical resonance, contributing synergically both mechanisms together. Quite notably, however, the largest SERS signal is observed when the laser is tuned with the metal-to-ligand transition, and typically does not follow the wavelength dependence of the plasmon modes when varying the nanosphere size. The same general trend is observed for other nanosphere lithography based substrates, including sphere segment void cavities and hexagonally ordered triangular nanoparticles, using either Ag or Au as the plasmonic metal, and also with a commercial substrate (Klarite). Interestingly, this extensive comparative investigation shows in addition that MFON substrates are significantly better than these other studied plasmonic substrates in terms of Raman intensity and homogeneity. We conclude that a deep understanding of both electromagnetic and chemical mechanisms is necessary to fully exploit these substrates for analytical applications.
Out-of-pocket expenditures and financial risks associated with treatment of vaccine-preventable diseases in Ethiopia: A cross-sectional costing analysis
Authors: Memirie Solomon Tessema , Tolla Mieraf Taddesse , Rumpler Eva , Sato Ryoko , Bolongaita Sarah , Tefera Yohannes Lakew , Tesfaye Latera , Tadesse Meseret Zelalem , Getnet Fentabil , Mengistu Tewodaj , Verguet Stéphane 
Published: March 2023

Background
Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) remain major causes of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Universal access to vaccination, besides improved health outcomes, would substantially reduce VPD-related out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures and associated financial risks. This paper aims to estimate the extent of OOP expenditures and the magnitude of the associated catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for selected VPDs in Ethiopia.

Methods and findings
We conducted a cross-sectional costing analysis, from the household (patient) perspective, of care-seeking for VPDs in children aged under 5 years for pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, and pertussis, and in children aged under 15 years for meningitis. Data on OOP direct medical and nonmedical expenditures (2021 USD) and household consumption expenditures were collected from 995 households (1 child per household) in 54 health facilities nationwide between May 1 and July 31, 2021. We used descriptive statistics to measure the main outcomes: magnitude of OOP expenditures, along with the associated CHE within households. Drivers of CHE were assessed using a logistic regression model. The mean OOP expenditures per disease episode for outpatient care for diarrhea, pneumonia, pertussis, and measles were $5·6 (95% confidence interval (CI): $4·3, 6·8), $7·8 ($5·3, 10·3), $9·0 ($6·4, 11·6), and $7·4 ($3·0, 11·9), respectively. The mean OOP expenditures were higher for inpatient care, ranging from $40·6 (95% CI: $12·9, 68·3) for severe measles to $101·7 ($88·5, 114·8) for meningitis. Direct medical expenditures, particularly drug and supply expenses, were the major cost drivers. Among those who sought inpatient care (345 households), about 13·3% suffered CHE, at a 10% threshold of annual consumption expenditures. The type of facility visited, receiving inpatient care, and wealth were significant predictors of CHE (p-value < 0·001) while adjusting for area of residence (urban/rural), diagnosis, age of respondent, and household family size. Limitations include inadequate number of measles and pertussis cases.

Conclusions
The OOP expenditures induced by VPDs are substantial in Ethiopia and disproportionately impact those with low income and those requiring inpatient care. Expanding equitable access to vaccines cannot be overemphasized, for both health and economic reasons. Such realization requires the government’s commitment toward increasing and sustaining vaccine financing in Ethiopia.
Evaluation of opportunities to implement community-wide mass drug administration for interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths infections in India
Authors: Aruldas Kumudha , Dawson Kim , Saxena Malvika , Titus Angelin , Johnson Jabaselvi , Gwayi-Chore Marie-Claire , Muliyil Jayaprakash , Kang Gagandeep , Walson Judd L. , Khera Ajay , Ajjampur Sitara S. R. , Means Arianna Rubin 
Published: March 2023

Background
The World Health Organization Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) guidelines recommend control of soil transmitted helminth (STH)-associated morbidity with targeted deworming of preschool and school-aged children who are disproportionately affected by STH-associated morbidity. However, this strategy leaves many adults untreated and reinfection within communities perpetuates transmission even when mass drug administration (MDA) coverage of children is high. Evidence suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission by expanding MDA to a community-wide MDA (cMDA).

Methods
This multi-methods study of organizational readiness survey, key informant interviews, and program mapping, were conducted with government stakeholders in three Indian states, Goa, Sikkim, and Odisha, to assess readiness of the states for transitioning from school-based MDA to cMDA and identify opportunities to leverage existing infrastructure from other NTD programs like lymphatic filariasis (LF) for STH cMDA.

Principal findings
Overall, all three states indicated a highly favorable policy environment, effective leadership structure, adequate material resources, demonstrated technical capacity, and adequate community infrastructure needed to launch a STH cMDA program. The findings indicated a high-level of health system readiness to implement provided human resources and financial resources to deliver cMDA is strengthened. Areas with a significant overlap between LF and STH MDA platforms, particularly at the community-level, may be best primed for transitioning. Immunization, maternal child health, and non-communicable disease control programs were the other programs for possible integration of cMDA. States indicated having effective leadership structures in place at the state-level, however, engaging local leaders and community groups were considered crucial for successful implementation of cMDA. In-migration was a perceived challenge for estimating drug requirement and preventing possible stockouts.

Conclusions
Findings from this study are intended to proactively support government decision making, prioritization, and program planning across heterogenous implementation contexts in India to speed the translation of research findings into practice.

Clinical trial registration
NCT03014167; ClinicalTrials.gov.
Association between intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide and postoperative organ dysfunction in major abdominal surgery: A cohort study
Authors: Dong Li , Takeda Chikashi , Kamitani Tsukasa , Hamada Miho , Hirotsu Akiko , Yamamoto Yosuke , Mizota Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundData on the effects of intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) levels on postoperative organ dysfunction are limited. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between the intraoperative EtCO2level and postoperative organ dysfunction in patients who underwent major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study involving patients who underwent major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia at Kyoto University Hospital. We classified those with a mean EtCO2of less than 35 mmHg as low EtCO2. The time effect was determined as the minutes when the EtCO2value was below 35 mmHg, whereas the cumulative effect was evaluated by measuring the area below the 35-mmHg threshold. The outcome was postoperative organ dysfunction, defined as a composite of at least one organ dysfunction among acute renal injury, circulatory dysfunction, respiratory dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, and liver dysfunction within 7 days after surgery.ResultsOf the 4,171 patients, 1,195 (28%) had low EtCO2, and 1,428 (34%) had postoperative organ dysfunction. An association was found between low EtCO2and increased postoperative organ dysfunction (adjusted risk ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.20;p= 0.006). Additionally, long-term exposure to EtCO2values of less than 35 mmHg (≥224 min) was associated with postoperative organ dysfunction (adjusted risk ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.32;p= 0.003) and low EtCO2severity (area under the threshold) (adjusted risk ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02–1.26;p= 0.018).ConclusionsIntraoperative low EtCO2of below 35 mmHg was associated with increased postoperative organ dysfunction.
Impact of enhancing GP access to diagnostic imaging: A scoping review
Authors: Phelan Amy , Broughan John , McCombe Geoff , Collins Claire , Fawsitt Ronan , O’Callaghan Mike , Quinlan Diarmuid , Stanley Fintan , Cullen Walter 
Published: March 2023

Background
Direct access to diagnostic imaging in General Practice provides an avenue to reduce referrals to hospital-based specialities and emergency departments, and to ensure timely diagnosis. Enhanced GP access to radiology imaging could potentially reduce hospital referrals, hospital admissions, enhance patient care, and improve disease outcomes. This scoping review aims to demonstrate the value of direct access to diagnostic imaging in General Practice and how it has impacted on healthcare delivery and patient care.

Methods
A search was conducted of ‘PubMed’, ‘Cochrane Library’, ‘Embase’ and ‘Google Scholar’ for papers published between 2012–2022 using Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework. The search process was guided by the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews checklist (PRISMA-ScR).

Results
Twenty-three papers were included. The studies spanned numerous geographical locations (most commonly UK, Denmark, and Netherlands), encompassing several study designs (most commonly cohort studies, randomised controlled trials and observational studies), and a range of populations and sample sizes. Key outcomes reported included the level of access to imaging serves, the feasibility and cost effectiveness of direct access interventions, GP and patient satisfaction with direct access initiatives, and intervention related scan waiting times and referral process.

Conclusion
Direct access to imaging for GPs can have many benefits for healthcare service delivery, patient care, and the wider healthcare ecosystem. GP focused direct access initiatives should therefore be considered as a desirable and viable health policy directive. Further research is needed to more closely examine the impacts that access to imaging studies have on health system operations, especially those in General Practice. Research examining the impacts of access to multiple imaging modalities is also warranted.
The effect of whole-body vibration on lower extremity function in children with cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Cai Xiaoye , Qian Guoping , Cai Siyuan , Wang Feng , Da Yingjuan , Ossowski Zbigniew 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration training on lower limb motor function in children with cerebral palsy in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsTwo independent reviewers systematically searched the records of nine databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, etc.) from inception to December 2022. Tools from the Cochrane Collaboration were used to assess risk of bias. Standard meta-analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 and Revman 5.3. For continuous variables, the arms difference was calculated as the weighted mean difference (WMD) between the values before and after the intervention and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsOf the 472 studies identified, 13 (total sample size 451 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that WBV training could effectively improve GMFM88-D [WMD = 2.46, 95% CI (1.26, 3.67), P<0.01] and GMFM88-E [WMD = 3.44, 95% CI (1.21, 5.68), P = 0.003], TUG [WMD = -3.17, 95% CI (-5.11, -1.24), P = 0.001], BBS [WMD = 4.00,95% CI (3.29, 4.71), P<0. 01] and the range of motion of ankle joint and the angle of ankle joint during muscle reaction in children with cerebral palsy. The effect of WBV training on 6MWT walking speed [WMD = 47.64, 95% CI (-25.57, 120.85), p = 0.20] in children with cerebral palsy was not significantly improved.ConclusionWBV training is more effective than other types of conventional physical therapy in improving the lower limb motor function of children with cerebral palsy. The results of this meta-analysis strengthen the evidence of previous individual studies, which can be applied to the clinical practice and decision-making of WBV training and rehabilitation in children with cerebral palsy.
Evaluation of content validity and feasibility of the eVISualisation of physical activity and pain (eVIS) intervention for patients with chronic pain participating in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs
Authors: Tseli Elena , Sjöberg Veronica , Björk Mathilda , Äng Björn O. , Vixner Linda 
Published: March 2023

Background
Chronic pain negatively influences most aspects of life, including aerobic capacity and physical function. The “eVISualisation of physical activity and pain” (eVIS) intervention was developed to facilitate individualized physical activity for treatment in interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation programs (IPRPs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the content validity and feasibility of the eVIS intervention prior to an effectiveness trial.

Methods
In order to determine pre-clinical content validity, experts (n = 10) (patients, caregivers, researchers) participated in three assessment rounds using a Likert-scale survey where relevance, simplicity, and safety were rated, whereafter the intervention was revised. Item-content validity index (I-CVI), average, and overall CVI were used to quantify ratings. To determine content validity and feasibility in the clinical context, experts (n = 8) (patients and physiotherapists) assessed eVIS after a 2-3-week test trial, with the feasibility aspects acceptability, demand, implementation, limited efficacy-testing, and practicality in focus. Additional expert interviews (with physiotherapists, physicians) were conducted on two incomplete areas.

Results
The intervention was iteratively revised and refined throughout the study. After three assessment and revision rounds, the I-CVI ratings for relevance, simplicity, and safety ranged between 0.88 and 1.00 (≥0.78) in most items, giving eVIS “excellent” content validity. In the IPRP context, the intervention emerged as valid and feasible. Additional interviews further contributed to its content validity and clinical feasibility.

Conclusions
The proposed domains and features of the eVIS intervention are deemed valid in its content and feasible in the IPRP context. The consecutive step-by-step evaluation process enabled careful intervention development with revisions to be made in close collaboration with stakeholders. Findings implicate a robust base ahead of the forthcoming effectiveness trial.
Iraq after the Invasion: From Fragmentation to Rebirth and Reintegration, Saad Jawad (2021)
Authors: Ghareeb Edmund 
Published: March 2023

Review of: Iraq after the Invasion: From Fragmentation to Rebirth and Reintegration, Saad Jawad (2021)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 291 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03072-105-3, h/bk, $139.99
Slow Disturbance: Infrastructural Mediation on the Settler Colonial Resource Frontier, Rafico Ruiz (2021)
Authors: Moeller Robert 
Published: March 2023

Review of: Slow Disturbance: Infrastructural Mediation on the Settler Colonial Resource Frontier, Rafico Ruiz (2021)
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 240 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-47800-850-7, p/bk, $29.95

The Settler Sea: California’s Salton Sea and the Consequences of Colonialism, Traci Brynne Voyles (2021)
Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 382 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-49623-338-7, p/bk, $30.00
Homeland security and pasture based farming
Authors: Halasz Andras 
Published: March 2023

Self-sufficient agriculture is a corner stone in national economy.
Sustainability, low external-input technology and nature reservation are
all parts of Agro-SMEs’ (small and medium enterprises) activities. Building
decision support database, introducing heat tolerant cultivars and breeds,
directing farm products straight to the consumers and taking all the
opportunities what space industry offers are all parts of secure food
production.
Hungarian Grassland Management Database is being built with national
cooperation. Remote sensing and on farm data collection are used. Survey
data set and decision support system help to evade forage- and supplement
shortages, also protect short food chains from halting.
Heat resistant and low water-consuming animals could be a natural
response to climate change and droughts.
European small and medium stakeholders have serious concerns about
MERCOSUR and Green Deal. Direct trade allows farmers to negotiate better
prices with consumers and processors. Locally processed meat, milk and wool
need to be integrated into national commercial activity.
CubeSat technology is an economical solution to test new plant
cultivars, materials or life support systems. Mini space labs are available
for every farmers or small enterprises, therefore custom products can be
developed.