bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic‐State Modulation of Metallic Co‐Assisted Co7Fe3 Alloy Heterostructure for Highly Efficient and Stable Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xu Xiaoqin , Nie Yao , Wang Ruihong , Zou Jinlong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractManipulating electronic structure of alloy‐based electrocatalysts can eagerly regulate its catalytic efficiency and corrosion resistance for water splitting and fundamentally understand the catalytic mechanisms for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions (OER/HER). Herein, the metallic Co‐assisted Co7Fe3 alloy heterojunction (Co7Fe3/Co) embeds in a 3D honeycomb‐like graphitic carbon is purposely constructed as a bifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting. As‐marked Co7Fe3/Co‐600 displays the excellent catalytic activities in alkaline media with low overpotentials of 200 mV for OER and 68 mV for HER at 10 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations reveal the electronic redistribution after coupling Co with Co7Fe3, which likely forms the electron‐rich state over interfaces and the electron‐delocalized state at Co7Fe3 alloy. This process changes the d‐band center position of Co7Fe3/Co and optimizes the affinity of catalyst surface to intermediates, thus promoting the intrinsic OER/HER activities. For overall water splitting, the electrolyzer only requires a cell voltage of 1.50 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2 and dramatically retains 99.1% of original activity after 100 h of continuous operation. This work proposes an insight into modulation of electronic state in alloy/metal heterojunctions and explores a new path to construct more competitive electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
X‐Ray Nanoanalysis Revealing the Role of Electronically Active Passivation Layers in Perovskite X‐Ray film Detectors
Authors: Verdi Matteo , Ciavatti Andrea , Segura‐Ruiz Jaime , Basiricò Laura , Sorrentino Roberto , Goncalves Isabel Pinto , Petrozza Annamaria , Boscherini Federico , Fraboni Beatrice 
Published: May 2023

AbstractX‐ray direct detectors based on hybrid lead‐halide perovskite have seen a dramatic increase of interest in the last years. A rush for the achievement of high performing devices drives the scientific community. In this context, several photoconductor sensors employ functional layers to increase the gain effect, but the full comprehension of the mechanism is still lacking. Here, X‐ray nanoanalysis is used, performed by simultaneous acquisition of X‐ray Fluorescence and X‐ray Beam Induced Current maps, to investigate at the nanoscale level the role of [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester fullerene (PCBM) molecules when interacting with MAPbI3 polycrystalline thin films acting as photo‐conductors in X‐ray detectors. At the device‐scale level it shows that the addition of PCBM enhances the X‐ray sensitivity by four times. At the nanoscale level how the perovskite grain boundaries act as high photocurrent generation centers is demonstrated. The addition of the PCBM increases the photocurrent generation, as the macroscopic performance does, and the charge collection becomes uniform over the full crystallite volume. The results clarify the role of grain boundaries and charge selecting layers and establish the X‐ray nanoanalysis techniques as a powerful tool to investigate charge transport and collection in perovskite films.
Safety and effectiveness of metabolic surgery in older Japanese patients
Authors: Takemoto Minoru , Hayashi Aiko , Inaba Yosuke , Tanaka Tomohiro , Chun Tae‐Hwa , Hayashi Hideki , Kasama Kazunori , Saiki Atsuhito , Sasaki Akira , Okazumi Shinichi , Matsubara Hisahiro , Tatsuno Ichiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimAccording to the current guidelines in Japan, the upper age limit for bariatric and metabolic surgery is 65 y. This study aimed to examine the appropriateness of this upper age limit.MethodsUsing the database maintained by the Japanese Society for Treatment of Obesity, we conducted an analysis of patients in two age groups: those aged <65 y and those aged ≥65 y. Our analysis focused on postoperative weight loss, improvement in comorbidities, and frequency of perioperative complications.ResultsA total of 2885 patients aged <65 y (mean, 43.9 ± 9.5 y) with a preoperative body mass index of 42.4 ± 8.1 kg/m2, while 56 aged ≥65 y (mean, 67.3 ± 3.2 y; maximum, 78 y) with a preoperative body mass index of 40.5 ± 6.6 kg/m2. Patients aged ≥65 y had a higher rate of dyslipidemia and hypertension. The rates of reoperation, surgical complications, and postoperative complications did not differ between the age groups. Both groups achieved significant weight loss postoperatively, and no differences in the improvement of comorbidities were noted. After adjusting the covariate balance via propensity score matching, no age‐related differences in perioperative and postoperative complications were observed.ConclusionMetabolic surgery is safe and effective for older patients with clinically severe obesity. Weight loss was less in patients aged ≥65 y, but the percentage of total weight loss did not differ between the groups.
Global rural health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: State of the science
Authors: Wiese Lisa Ann Kirk , Gibson Allison , Guest Marc Aaron , Nelson Amy R. , Weaver Raven , Gupta Aditi , Carmichael Owen , Lewis Jordan P. , Lindauer Allison , Loi Samantha , Peterson Rachel , Radford Kylie , Rhodus Elizabeth K. , Wong Christina G. , Zuelsdorff Megan , Saidi Ladan Ghazi , Valdivieso‐Mora Esmeralda , Franzen Sanne , Pope Caitlin N. , Killian Timothy S. , Shrestha Hom L. , Heyn Patricia C. , Ng Ted Kheng Siang , Prusaczyk Beth , John Samantha , Kulshreshtha Ambar , Sheffler Julia L. , Besser Lilah , Daniel Valerie , Tolea Magdalena I. , Miller Justin , Musyimi Christine , Corkey Jon , Yank Veronica , Williams Christine L , Rahemi Zahra , Park JuYoung , Magzamen Sheryl , Newton Robert L. , Harrington Candace , Flatt Jason D. , Arora Sonakshi , Walter Sarah , Griffin Percy , Babulal Ganesh M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONIndividuals living in rural communities are at heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), which parallels other persistent place‐based health disparities. Identifying multiple potentially modifiable risk factors specific to rural areas that contribute to ADRD is an essential first step in understanding the complex interplay between various barriers and facilitators.METHODSAn interdisciplinary, international group of ADRD researchers convened to address the overarching question of: “What can be done to begin minimizing the rural health disparities that contribute uniquely to ADRD?” In this state of the science appraisal, we explore what is known about the biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental influences on ADRD disparities in rural settings.RESULTSA range of individual, interpersonal, and community factors were identified, including strengths of rural residents in facilitating healthy aging lifestyle interventions.DISCUSSIONA location dynamics model and ADRD‐focused future directions are offered for guiding rural practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in mitigating rural disparities.HIGHLIGHTS
Rural residents face heightened Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risks and burdens due to health disparities.
Defining the unique rural barriers and facilitators to cognitive health yields insight.
The strengths and resilience of rural residents can mitigate ADRD‐related challenges.
A novel “location dynamics” model guides assessment of rural‐specific ADRD issues.
The association of perceived discrimination with dementia risk in Black older adults
Authors: Dark Heather E. , Huang Alison , Cordon Jenifer , Deal Jennifer A. , Palta Priya , Windham B. Gwen , Barnes Lisa L. , Kucharska‐Newton Anna , Mosley Thomas , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Sims Mario , Griswold Michael , Arce Rentería Miguel , Manly Jennifer J. , Walker Keenan A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONNon‐Hispanic Black, compared to non‐Hispanic White, older adults are at increased risk for dementia. This may be due partly to greater exposure to psychosocial stressors, such as discrimination; however, few studies have examined this association.METHODSWe examined the association of perceived discrimination (e.g., everyday, lifetime, and discrimination burden) with dementia risk in 1583 Black adults co‐enrolled in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study and the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Perceived discrimination (defined continuously and using tertiles) was assessed at JHS Exam 1 (2000–2004; mean age ± SD:66.2 ± 5.5) and related to dementia risk through ARIC visit 6 (2017) using covariate‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.RESULTSAssociations of perceived everyday, lifetime, and burden of discrimination with dementia risk were not supported in age‐adjusted models or demographic‐ and cardiovascular health‐adjusted models. Results were similar across sex, income, and education.DISCUSSIONIn this sample, associations between perceived discrimination and dementia risk were not supported.Highlights
In Black older adults perceived discrimination not associated with dementia risk.
Younger age and greater education linked to greater perceived discrimination.
Older age and less education among factors associated with dementia risk.
Factors increasing exposure to discrimination (education) are also neuroprotective.
DementiaNet facilitates a sustainable transition toward integrated primary dementia care: A long‐term evaluation
Authors: Oostra Dorien L. , Nieuwboer Minke S. , Melis René J. F. , Remers Toine E. P. , Olde Rikkert Marcel G. M. , Perry Marieke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONCare integration is a promising strategy to achieve sustainable health‐care systems. With DementiaNet, a 2‐year program, we facilitated collaboration between primary health‐care professionals. We studied changes in primary dementia care integration during and after DementiaNet participation.METHODSA longitudinal follow‐up study was performed. Networks started between 2015 and 2020; follow‐up ended in 2021. Quantitative and quantitative data were collected annually to assess quality of care, network collaboration, and number of crisis admissions. Growth modeling was used to identify changes over time.RESULTSThirty‐five primary care networks participated. Network collaboration and quality of care of newly formed networks increased significantly in the first 2 years (respectively, 0.35/year, P < .001; 0.29/year, P < .001) and thereafter stabilized.CONCLUSIONPrimary care networks improved their collaboration and quality of care during DementiaNet participation, which persisted after the program ended. This indicates that DementiaNet facilitated a sustainable transition toward integrated primary dementia care.
Effect of ethanol on selective oligomerization of isobutene and the simulation of reactive distillation process
Authors: Yu Panhu , Luan Chenghao , Cao Min , Sun Dahai , Tian Hui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the selective oligomerization of isobutene in mixed C4 using ethanol as an inhibitor. The effects of ethanol/isobutene, reaction temperature, and reaction space velocity on isobutene oligomerization were examined using two β molecular sieve catalysts. The results indicate that the optimal reaction conditions, at the same calcination temperature, are as follows: The mass ratio of ethanol to isobutylene is 20%, the reaction pressure is 1 MPa, the reaction temperature is 65°C, the reaction space velocity is 2 h−1, the dimerization product C8 has fewer types, and the selectivity can reach over 15%. After adding ethanol, there is a significant inhibitory effect on n‐butene. Furthermore, we used reactive distillation technology to simulate isobutene oligomerization. By optimizing the sensitivity of the tower's operating conditions, we obtained the optimal operational parameters of the tower. Under optimal operating conditions, the conversion rate of isobutene can reach over 80%. The mass fraction of C8 in the oligomerization product accounted for 57.44%, C12 accounted for 8.29%, and ETBE accounted for 34.23%. The reactive distillation technology can improve product selectivity.
Agrifood systems knowledge exchange through Australia‐Pacific circular migration schemes
Authors: Davila Federico , Dun Olivia , Farbotko Carol , Jacobs Brent , Klocker Natascha , Vueti Ema , Kaumaitotoya Lavinia , Birch Angela , Kaoh Peter , Pitakia Tikai , Tuʼitahi Sinaitakala 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPacific Island workers contribute significantly to Australiaʼs agriculture and food security through the Seasonal Worker Programme (SWP). Previous studies show the economic benefits of the SWP to both Australian agro‐industries and Pacific workers. However, there are limited studies about the agricultural knowledge exchange that occurs via the circular migration enabled by the SWP, and the experiences of workers and employers as agricultural knowledge holders. With the SWP merged into the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility Scheme, there is an opportunity to help define how circular migration is both an economic and agricultural development policy. In this paper, we present findings from interviews with 63 workers (from Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu) about agricultural knowledge and skills acquired and exchanged via SWP participation. We provide a discussion of opportunities for knowledge exchange in international labour mobility, and areas of future research in circular migration.
An enigma of Przybylski's star: Is there promethium on its surface?
Authors: Andrievsky Sergei M. , Korotin Sergey A. , Werner Klaus , Kovtyukh Valery V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe carried out a new attempt to check for the presence of promethium lines in the spectrum of HD 101065 (Przybylski's star). The neutron capture element promethium does not have stable isotopes, and the maximum half‐life time is about 18 years. Thus, its presence in this peculiar star would indicate an ongoing process of irradiation of its surface layers with free neutrons. Unfortunately, almost all promethium lines are heavily blended with lines of other neutron capture elements and other species. We selected and analyzed three lines of promethium (Pm I and Pm II) and came to the conclusion that at present it is impossible to definitely claim the presence of this element in Przybylski's star atmosphere.
Functional assessment of the dural lymphatic vessels using dynamic contrast MRI in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gabr Refaat E. , Lincoln John A. , Hasan Khader M. , Kramer Larry A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe discovery of glymphatic function in the human brain has generated interest in waste clearance mechanisms in neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, noninvasive in vivo functional assessment is currently lacking. This work studies the feasibility of a novel intravenous dynamic contrast MRI method to assess the dural lymphatics, a purported pathway contributing to glymphatic clearance.MethodsThis prospective study included 20 patients with MS (17 women; age = 46.4 [27, 65] years; disease duration = 13.6 [2.1, 38.0] years, expanded disability status score (EDSS) = 2.0 [0, 6.5]). Patients were scanned on a 3.0T MRI system using intravenous contrast‐enhanced fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Signal in the dural lymphatic vessel along the superior sagittal sinus was measured to calculate peak enhancement, time to maximum enhancement, wash‐in and washout slopes, and the area under the time‐intensity curve (AUC). Correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the lymphatic dynamic parameters and the demographic and clinical characteristics, including the lesion load and the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF).ResultsContrast enhancement was detected in the dural lymphatics in most patients 2–3 min after contrast administration. BPF had a significant correlation with AUC (p < .03), peak enhancement (p < .01), and wash‐in slope (p = .01). Lymphatic dynamic parameters did not correlate with age, BMI, disease duration, EDSS, or lesion load. Moderate trends were observed for correlation between patient age and AUC (p = .062), BMI and peak enhancement (p = .059), and BMI and AUC (p = .093).ConclusionIntravenous dynamic contrast MRI of the dural lymphatics is feasible and may be useful in characterizing its hydrodynamics in neurological diseases.
Exploring the prioritisation of biodiversity amongst small‐ to medium‐sized enterprise leaders with strong bigger‐than‐self value orientation
Authors: Herbert Samantha , Bradley Peter , Everard Mark 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper reports on a quantitative study of prioritisation of biodiversity amongst small‐ to medium‐sized enterprise (SME) leaders. Existing research indicates that value orientation impacts propensity for pro‐environmental behaviours. However, as biodiversity loss remains inadequately addressed, this study employs the value‐belief‐norm framework to explore how leaders with strong biospheric and altruistic (collectively termed ‘bigger‐than‐self’) value orientations perceive their responsibility for biodiversity loss in comparison with climate change and, using an adaptation of the Global Reporting Initiative standards, how biodiversity is prioritised against other areas of environmental sustainability in their businesses. Surveying 61 SME leaders, primarily in the South‐West UK, it was found that biodiversity is often considered of low priority compared with factors such as energy, waste, materials and emissions. Analysis also indicates that these leaders feel less responsibility for biodiversity than for climate change demonstrating that, even where bigger‐than‐self values dominate, there is a need for higher prioritisation of biodiversity amongst SMEs.
NiCo alloy‐anchored self‐supporting carbon foam as a bifunctional oxygen electrode for rechargeable and flexible Zn–air batteries
Authors: Dong Mengyang , Fu Huai Qin , Xu Yiming , Zou Yu , Chen Ziyao , Wang Liang , Hu Mengqing , Zhang Kaidi , Fu Bo , Yin Huajie , Liu Porun , Zhao Huijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe design and fabrication of flexible, porous, conductive electrodes with customizable functions become the prime challenge in the development of new‐generation wearable electronics, especially for rechargeable batteries. Here, the NiCo bialloy particulate catalyst‐loaded self‐supporting carbon foam framework (NiCo@SCF) as a flexible electrode has been fabricated through one facile adsorption‐pyrolysis method using a commercial melamine foam. Compared with the electrode with Pt/C and Ir/C benchmark catalysts, the NiCo@SCF electrode exhibited superior bifunctional electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media with a half‐wave potential of 0.906 V for oxygen reduction reaction, an overpotential of 286 mV at j = 10 mA cm−2 for oxygen evolution reaction, and stable bifunctional performance with a small degradation after 20,000 voltammetric cycles. The as‐assembled aqueous zinc–air battery (ZAB) with NiCo@SCF as a self‐supporting air cathode demonstrated a high peak power density of 178.6 mW cm−2 at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a stable voltage gap of 0.94 V over a 540 h charge−discharge operation. Remarkably, the as‐assembled flexible solid‐state ZAB with self‐supporting NiCo@SCF as the air cathode presented an engaging peak power density of 80.1 mW cm−2 and excellent durability of 95 h undisrupted operation, showing promise for the design of wearable ZAB. The demonstrated electrode fabrication approach exemplifies a facile, large‐scale avenue toward functional electrodes, potentially extendable to other wearable electronics for broader applications.
Region feature smoothness assumption for weakly semi‐supervised crowd counting
Authors: Miao Zhuangzhuang , Zhang Yong , Piao Xinglin , Chu Yi , Yin Baocai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCrowd counting is a hot issue in visual data processing. It also plays an important role in the field of video surveillance, social security, and traffic control. However, most of the existing crowd counting methods always adopt a mount of training data or point‐level annotation to learn the mapping relationships between images and density maps, which would cost much human labor. In this paper, we propose a new weakly semi‐supervised crowd counting method which uses less count‐level data for data training. In particular, we extend the classical smoothness assumption and design a many‐to‐many Region Feature Smoothness Assumption to deal with the uneven density distribution problem within crowd region. Further, we adopt hypergraph representation to explore the complex high‐order relationship for different crowd regions. Besides, we design a multi‐scale dynamic hypergraph convolutional module and hyperedge contrastive loss. Extensive experiments have been conducted on five public datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art ones.
Selective Amination of Phenol to Cyclohexylamine over Metal‐Acid Bifunctional Catalysts Derived from Nickel Phyllosilicates
Authors: Liu Xiaoying , Wang Xia , Qiu Jingru , Chen Weikun , Fu Xiao , Ye Linmin , Yuan Youzhu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhenol amination to various valuable amines has attracted considerable attention in heterogeneous catalysis, but limited studies have focused on non‐noble metal catalysts. This study reports a bifunctional catalyst (Ni/SiO2‐AE) containing nickel nanoparticles and Lewis acid sites derived from nickel phyllosilicates for efficient amination of phenol to cyclohexylamine. The Ni/SiO2‐AE catalyst resulted in 89.4% phenol conversion and 86.0% selectivity to cyclohexylamine at 160 °C for 2 h, which outperforms the catalysts by conventional deposition‐precipitation (Ni/SiO2‐DP) and wetness‐impregnation (Ni/SiO2‐WI). The turnover frequencies based on the actual exposed metal surface area for Ni/SiO2‐AE, Ni/SiO2‐DP, and Ni/SiO2‐WI are calculated as 71.7, 49.0, and 8.7 h−1, respectively. Results demonstrate that the Ni nanoparticles exsoluted from nickel phyllosilicates participate in the activation of dihydrogen molecules, and the Lewis acid sites stemmed from coordination unsaturated Ni2+ sites on the catalyst serve to adsorb and activate phenol. The synergistic effect of the dual‐functions intensifies the phenol amination.
Bright or Dark: Unexpected Photocatalytic Behavior of Closely Related Phenanthroline‐based Copper(I) Photosensitizers
Authors: Doettinger Florian , Obermeier Martin , Caliskanyürek Volkan , Burmeister Lars E. , Kleeberg Christian , Karnahl Michael , Schwalbe Matthias , Tschierlei Stefanie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn search of a better understanding of the structure‐property relationship of heteroleptic CuI photosensitizers, two structurally closely related complexes are investigated in detail. Although both compounds bear the same 4‐methoxyphenyl substituents at the phenanthroline moiety (i. e. at 5,6‐position in Cu1 and at 4,7‐position in Cu2), substitution at the 4,7‐position increases the attenuation coefficient in the 300–500 nm range by a factor of more than two. Even more drastic is the difference in emission lifetime (11 vs. 628 ns), which rises by a factor of almost 60 when positions 4 and 7 (i. e. Cu2) are chosen. A combination of solid‐state structural analysis, TDDFT calculations, transient absorption spectroscopy and quenching studies is then applied to elucidate the reasons for the superior photophysical properties of Cu2. Subsequently, a non‐emissive and long‐lived excited state (715 ns) has been revealed for Cu1. In a next step, both complexes were successfully used in the photocatalytic splitting of water and the reduction of CO2 to CO to test the influence of this behavior on the activity. Most importantly, Cu2 not only performs significantly better than Cu1, but also than the benchmark system and the noble‐metal‐based complex [Ir(dFppy)3].