bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal Bone Marrow and Non-neoplastic Systemic Hematopoietic Disorders in the Adult
Authors: Tyler Philippa Anne , Rajakulasingam Ramanan , Saifuddin Asif 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the imaging appearances of normal adult bone marrow with an emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging. We also review the cellular processes and imaging features of normal developmental yellow-to-red marrow conversion and compensatory physiologic or pathologic red marrow reconversion. Key imaging features that differentiate between normal adult marrow, normal variants, non-neoplastic hematopoietic disorders, and malignant marrow disease are discussed, as well as posttreatment changes.
Advances in Bone Marrow Imaging: Strengths and Limitations from a Clinical Perspective
Authors: Mourad Charbel , Cosentino Aurelio , Nicod Lalonde Marie , Omoumi Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains the modality of choice to image bone marrow. However, the last few decades have witnessed the emergence and development of novel MRI techniques, such as chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and whole-body MRI, as well as spectral computed tomography and nuclear medicine techniques. We summarize the technical bases behind these methods, in relation to the common physiologic and pathologic processes involving the bone marrow. We present the strengths and limitations of these imaging methods and consider their added value compared with conventional imaging in assessing non-neoplastic disorders like septic, rheumatologic, traumatic, and metabolic conditions. The potential usefulness of these methods to differentiate between benign and malignant bone marrow lesions is discussed. Finally, we consider the limitations hampering a more widespread use of these techniques in clinical practice.
Observation of Small-amplitude Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind
Authors: Yang Hai-Feng , Zhao Guo-Qing , Feng Heng-Qiang , Pi Gilbert , Liu Qiang , Xiang Liang , Li Qiu-Huan , Ren Dan-Yang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Our previous studies on low-frequency electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) with amplitudes larger than 0.1 nT in the solar wind revealed that the left-handed (LH) polarized ECWs are the dominant waves, and these waves preferentially occur in plasma conditions of high proton speed (V

p
), high proton temperature (T

p
), low proton density (N

p
). In the present study, using magnetic field and plasma data from the Wind mission between 2005 and 2015, we perform a survey of small-amplitude ECWs with amplitudes smaller than 0.1 nT. It is revealed for the first time that the small-amplitude right-handed (RH) polarized ECWs tend to frequently occur in plasmas characterized by low V

p
, low T

p
, low N

p
, although the small-amplitude LH ECWs still preferentially occur in plasma conditions similar to the LH ECWs with amplitudes larger than 0.1 nT. Further investigation shows that the occurrences of small-amplitude RH ECWs and long-lasting radial interplanetary magnetic field (lrIMF) share the similar preferential plasma conditions of low T

p
and low N

p
. During lrIMF events, in particular, the occurrence rates of RH and LH ECWs are comparable, with the occurrence rate of small-amplitude RH ECWs slightly larger than that of small-amplitude LH ECWs. The generation mechanism of the small-amplitude ECWs is discussed.
A perspective on silicon-based polymer-derived ceramics materials for beyond lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Amaral Murilo M , Mujib Shakir Bin , Zanin Hudson , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Energy storage devices beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), such as sodium-ion, potassium-ion, lithium-sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors are being considered as alternative systems to meet the fast-growing demand for grid-scale storage and large electric vehicles. This perspective highlights the opportunities that Si-based polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) present for energy storage devices beyond LIBs, the complexities that exist in determining the structure-performance relationships, and the need for in situ and operando characterizations, which can be employed to overcome the complexities, allowing successful integration of PDC-based electrodes in systems beyond LIBs.
Improved cell performance and sulphur tolerance using A-site substituted Sr2Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ anodes for solid-oxide fuel cells
Authors: Li Haixia , Wang Wanhua , Lin Jie , Park Ka-Young , Lee Taehee , Heyden Andreas , Ding Dong , Chen Fanglin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSolid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer great promise for producing electricity using a wide variety of fuels such as natural gas, coal gas and gasified carbonaceous solids; however, conventional nickel-based anodes face great challenges due to contaminants in readily available fuels, especially sulphur-containing compounds. Thus, the development of new anode materials that can suppress sulphur poisoning is crucial to the realization of fuel-flexible and cost-effective SOFCs. In this work, La0.1Sr1.9Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ (LSFNM) and Pr0.1Sr1.9Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ (PSFNM) materials have been synthesized using a sol-gel method in air and investigated as anode materials for SOFCs. Metallic nanoparticle-decorated ceramic anodes were obtained by the reduction of LSFNM and PSFNM in H2 at 850°C, forming a Ruddlesden–Popper oxide with exsolved FeNi3 bimetallic nanoparticles. The electrochemical performance of the Sr2Fe1.4Ni0.1Mo0.5O6–δ ceramic anode was greatly enhanced by La doping of A-sites, resulting in a 44% decrease in the polarization resistance in reducing atmosphere. The maximum power densities of Sr- and Mg-doped LaGaO3 (LSGM) (300 μm) electrolyte-supported single cells with LSFNM as the anode reached 1.371 W cm −2 in H2 and 1.306 W cm–2 in 50 ppm H2S–H2 at 850°C. Meanwhile, PSFNM showed improved sulphur tolerance, which could be fully recovered after six cycles from H2 to 50 ppm H2S–H2 operation. This study indicates that LSFNM and PSFNM are promising high-performance anodes for SOFCs.
Ethnopharmacological Study of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of Skin Burns in the Arab World
Authors: Al-Samydai Ali , Abu Hajleh Maha N , Mayyas Amal , Al-Mamoori Farah , Al-Tawalbe Deniz M , Alqaraleh Moath , Mousa Mohamad Ak , Aladwan Hala , Alazab Badi’ah , Selwadi Dana , Othman Fatimah Akram , Zaazouee Mohamed Sayed , Ragab Khaled Mohamed , Al-Halaseh Lidia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Traditional healers are often practiced in rural areas owing to cultural beliefs and are known to provide various forms of healthcare and home remedies. Patients in the Mediterranean region rely on traditional medicine to cure a variety of health concerns, like skin burns. This study was conducted to identify the various practices used by traditional healers for treating skin burns. The survey was conducted in 18 Arab countries, including Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Bahrain, Palestine, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Lebanon, Yemen, Tunisia, Oman, Morocco, and Sudan. Between September 2020 and July 2021, an online questionnaire was administered to 7530 participants from 12 Asian and 5 African countries. The survey was designed to gather information from common medicinal plant users and herbalists on their practices as specialists in using various herbal and medicinal plant products for diagnosis and treatment. Among the participants, 2260 had a scientific background in plant application, and the study included one phytotherapeutic professional. The crude-extraction technique was favored, by Arabic folk, for plant preparation over the maceration and decoction method. Olive oil was the most commonly used product among participants as an anti-inflammation and for scar reduction. Aloe vera, olive oil, sesame, Ceretonia siliqua, lavender, potato, cucumber, shea butter, and wheat flour are used as crude drugs to reduce pain because of their analgesic and cooling effects. The present study is the first database of medicinal plants with burn-healing properties conducted in Arab countries. These plants can be employed in the search for new bioactive substances through pharmacochemical investigations, as well as in the development of new formulations containing a combination of these plants.
Near-physiologicalin vitroassembly of 50S ribosomes involves parallel pathways
Authors: Dong Xiyu , Doerfel Lili K , Sheng Kai , Rabuck-Gibbons Jessica N , Popova Anna M , Lyumkis Dmitry , Williamson James R 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the assembly principles of biological macromolecular complexes remains a significant challenge, due to the complexity of the systems and the difficulties in developing experimental approaches. As a ribonucleoprotein complex, the ribosome serves as a model system for the profiling of macromolecular complex assembly. In this work, we report an ensemble of large ribosomal subunit intermediate structures that accumulate during synthesis in a near-physiological and co-transcriptional in vitro reconstitution system. Thirteen pre-50S intermediate maps covering the entire assembly process were resolved using cryo-EM single-particle analysis and heterogeneous subclassification. Segmentation of the set of density maps reveals that the 50S ribosome intermediates assemble based on fourteen cooperative assembly blocks, including the smallest assembly core reported to date, which is composed of a 600-nucleotide-long folded rRNA and three ribosomal proteins. The cooperative blocks assemble onto the assembly core following defined dependencies, revealing the parallel pathways at both early and late assembly stages of the 50S subunit.
Long-term monitoring of comet 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann from the Lulin Observatory
Authors: Lin Zhong-Yi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Multi-band photometric monitoring of comet 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1 was conducted with the standard Johnson–Cousins filter set. Observations extended from 2018 July to 2021 December. The comet was detected to show at least 12 relatively large outbursts, during which its brightness increased by 1.5 to 5 mag as measured through a 5″ aperture. The outbursts resulted in a clear variation of the cometary brightness profile. The derived slopes of the surface brightness profiles showed a significant variation with time from a shallower slope to a steeper one at the beginning of each outburst and then slowly returning to pre-outburst values. There did not seem to be any obvious change in the color indices as the outbursts occurred. However, for the quadruple outbursts in late September of 2021, we could confidently spot a change in the color of the comet, indicating that the color indices seem to be less than the mean values, especially in the B − V term. Dust production derived by using the dust production rate parameter, Afρ, from the R-band photometry measurements shows the outburst to be accompanied by a large increasing trend. Using a simple model and the derived outflow velocity of 0.11 km s−1 from the expanding shell features, an estimated lower limit of 1.0 × 108 kg up to 2.7 × 109 kg of dust was released during the quadruple outbursts by using a specific dust size of 1 μm.
Regional differences in the assessment of depressive symptoms in the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Schmalbach Bjarne , Tibubos Ana N , Otten Daniëlle , Hinz Andreas , Decker Oliver , Zenger Markus , Beutel Manfred E , Brähler Elmar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aim
The present study investigated regional differences in response behaviour for the Patient Health Quetionnaire-9. We tested for measurement invariance and differential item and test functioning between formerly divided East- and West-Germany: the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. Diverging socialization experiences in socialist versus capitalist and collectivist versus individualist systems may affect culturally sensitive assessments of mental health.

Subject and Methods
To test this empirically, we used factor analytic and item-response-theoretic frameworks, differentiating between East- and West-Germans by birthplace and current residence based on several representative samples of the German general population (n = 3 802).

Results
Across all survey, we discovered slightly higher depression sum scores for East- versus West-Germans. The majority of items did not display differential item functioning—with a crucial exception in the assessment of self-harm tendencies. The scale scores were largely invariant exhibiting only small amounts of differential test functioning. Nonetheless, they made up on average about a quarter of the observed group differences in terms of effect magnitude.

Conclusion
We explore possible causes and discuss explanations for the item-level differences. Overall, analyses of East- and West-German depressive symptom developments in the wake of reunification are feasible and statistically grounded.
Moral distress and injury in the public health professional workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bow Steven M A , Schröder-Bäck Peter , Norcliffe-Brown Dominic , Wilson James , Tahzib Farhang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
There is growing concern about moral distress and injury associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare professions. This study aimed to quantify the nature, frequency, severity and duration of the problem in the public health professional workforce.

Methods
Between 14 December 2021 and 23 February 2022, Faculty of Public Health (FPH) members were surveyed about their experiences of moral distress before and during the pandemic.

Results
In total, 629 FPH members responded, of which, 405 (64%; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 61–68%) reported one or more experience of moral distress associated with their own action (or inaction), and 163 (26%; 95%CI = 23–29%) reported experiencing moral distress associated with a colleague’s or organization’s action (or inaction) since the start of the pandemic. The majority reported moral distress being more frequent during the pandemic and that the effects endured for over a week. In total, 56 respondents (9% of total sample, 14% of those with moral distress), reported moral injury severe enough to require time off work and/or therapeutic help.

Conclusions
Moral distress and injury are significant problems in the UK public health professional workforce, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. There is urgent need to understand the causes and potential options for its prevention, amelioration and care.
Credit Access, Selection, and Incentives in a Market for Asset-Collateralized Loans: Evidence From Kenya
Authors: Jack William , Kremer Michael , de Laat Joost , Suri Tavneet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We study the potential for asset collateralization to expand access to credit in rural Kenya. Increasing the share of a loan for a durable agricultural asset that is collateralized by the physical asset itself (from 0 to 96%) while reducing the share backed by financial assets increases loan take-up considerably, with only a very limited impact on repayment behavior and the lender's profitability. A Karlan–Zinman test finds evidence of small and marginally significant selection effects in some specifications but no evidence of moral hazard. We find no evidence that joint versus individual liability affects take-up or repayment. Loans had real impacts on investment, milk sales, and girls’ school enrollment. The lender, a savings and credit cooperative, responded to the study results by offering 80% asset-collateralized loans.
Salience and Taxation with Imperfect Competition
Authors: Kroft Kory , Laliberté Jean-William , Leal-Vizcaíno René , Notowidigdo Matthew J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper studies commodity taxation in a model featuring heterogeneous consumers, imperfect competition, and tax salience. We derive new formulas for the incidence and marginal excess burden of commodity taxation highlighting interactions between tax salience and market structure. We estimate the necessary inputs to the formulas by using Nielsen Retail Scanner and Consumer Panel data covering grocery stores and households in the U.S. and detailed sales tax data. We estimate a large amount of pass-through of taxes onto consumer prices and find that households respond more to changes in prices than taxes. We also estimate significant heterogeneity in tax salience across households. We calibrate our new formulas using these results and conclude that essentially all of the incidence of sales taxes falls on consumers, and the marginal excess burden of taxation is larger than estimates based on standard formulas that ignore imperfect competition and tax salience.
Displaced Trust: Disrupting Legal Estrangement during Disaster Recovery
Authors: Simington Jasmine 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Recent research on federal disaster aid distribution reveals stark racial and economic inequalities. Importantly, the very individuals and groups disadvantaged by FEMA funding—non-White, low-income households—are also the populations most likely to exhibit distrust toward the state. How does distrust shape the disaster recovery process in a low-income, rural, predominantly Black context? Using semi-structured interviews coupled with ethnographic observations in Marion County, SC, I find that the disaster recovery process is hindered by legal estrangement. To combat distrust and exclusion, emergent groups use the tactic of displacing trust away from disaster recovery officials back onto emergent groups in order to initiate and sustain residents’ engagement with the formal disaster recovery process. While existing theories argue that distrust leads to withdrawal from services, I show that emergent groups during disaster recovery intervene such that applicants persist in applying for aid despite their distrust. These strategies point to an important paradox about mitigating legal estrangement. Emergent disaster recovery groups assist applicants without improving trust toward disaster recovery officials, and sometimes in solidarity with applicant distrust. Broadly, the efforts of emergent groups reveal that institutional intermediaries can play a key brokering role in helping structurally excluded populations pursue state assistance amidst distrust.
Metabolic Bone Disorders Are Predictors for 2-year Adverse Outcomes in Patients Undergoing 2–3 Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Radiculopathy or Myelopathy
Authors: Diebo Bassel G. , Kovoor Matthew , Alsoof Daniel , Beyer George A. , Rompala Alexander , Balmaceno-Criss Mariah , Mai David H. , Segreto Frank A. , Shah Neil V. , Lafage Renaud , Passias Peter G. , Aaron Roy K. , Daniels Alan H. , Paulino Carl B. , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie 
Published: March 2023

Study Design:
Retrospective cohort study utilizing the New York statewide planning and research cooperative system.

Study Objective:
To investigate postoperative complications of patients with metabolic bone disorders (MBDs) who undergo 2–3 levels of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data:
MBDs and cervical degenerative pathologies, including cervical radiculopathy (CR) and cervical myelopathy (CM), are prevalent in the aging population. Complications with ACDF procedures can lead to increased hospitalization times, more expensive overhead, and worse patient outcomes.

Method:
Patients with CM/CR who underwent an ACDF of 2–3 vertebrae from 2009 to 2011 with a minimum 2-year follow-up were identified. Patients diagnosed with 1 or more MBD at baseline were compared with a control cohort without any MBD diagnosis. Cohorts were compared for demographics, hospital-related parameters, and 2-year medical, surgical, and overall complications. Binary multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors.

Results:
A total of 22,276 patients were identified (MBD: 214; no-MBD: 22,062). Among MBD patients, the majority had vitamin D deficiency (n = 194, 90.7%). MBD patients were older (53.0 vs 49.7 y, P < 0.001), and with higher Deyo index (1.0 vs 0.5, P < 0.001). MBD patients had higher rates of medical complications, including anemia (6.1% vs 2.3%), pneumonia (4.7% vs 2.1%), hematoma (3.3% vs 0.7%), infection (2.8% vs 0.9%), and sepsis (3.7% vs 0.9%), as well as overall medical complications (23.8% vs 9.6%) (all, P ≤0.033). MBD patients also experienced higher surgical complications, including implant-related (5.7% vs 1.9%), wound infection (4.2% vs 1.2%), and wound disruption (0.9% vs 0.2%), and overall surgical complications (9.8% vs 3.2%) (all, P ≤0.039). Regression analysis revealed that a baseline diagnosis of MBD was independently associated with an increased risk of 2-year surgical complications (odds ratio = 2.10, P < 0.001) and medical complications (odds ratio = 1.84, P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
MBD as a comorbidity was associated with an increased risk of 2-year postoperative complications after 2–3 level ACDF for CR or CM.
Anterior temporal lobectomy improved mood status and quality of life in Chinese patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: a single-arm cohort study
Authors: Lu Song , Chu Min , Wang Xian , Wu Yating , Hou Yue , Liu Aihua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background:
Many studies have emphasized that selective resection of epileptic lesions in temoral lobe is associated with better preservation of cognition function, whether this applies to patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) has remained unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in cognitive functions, mood status, and quality of life after anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with refractory MTLE.

Methods:
This single-arm cohort study assessed cognitive function, mood status, and quality of life, as well as electroencephalography findings, in patients with refractory MTLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy at Xuanwu Hospital from January 2018 to March 2019. Pre- and post-operative characteristics were compared to evaluate the effects of surgery.

Results:
Anterior temporal lobectomy significantly reduced the frequencies of epileptiform discharges. The overall success rate of surgery was acceptable. Anterior temporal lobectomy did not result in significant changes in overall cognitive functions (P
> 0.05), although changes in certain domains, including visuospatial ability, executive ability, and abstract thinking, were detected. Anterior temporal lobectomy resulted in improvements in anxiety and depression symptoms and quality of life.

Conclusions:
Anterior temporal lobectomy reduced epileptiform discharges and incidence of post-operative seizures as well as resulted in improved mood status and quality of life without causing significant changes in cognitive function.