bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of salicylic acid and potassium nitrate to mitigate frost stress in autumn-sown potato crop cv. Sutlej
Authors: Haider Muhammad Wasim , Abbas Syed Mohsin , Hussain Tanveer , Akram Muhammad Tahir , Farooq Umar , Alwahibi Mona S. , Elshikh Mohamed S. , Shakeel Zaid , Nafees Muhammad , Rizwan Muhammad , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Potato is cultivated all the year round in Pakistan. However, the major crop is the autumn crop which is planted in mid-October and contributes 80–85% of the total production. The abrupt climate change has affected the weather patterns all over the world, resulting in the reduction of the mean air temperature in autumn by almost 1.6 °C in Pakistan, which in turn, has adversely affected the crop performance and tuber yield. This trial, therefore, was conducted to optimize and evaluate the concentration of salicylic acid (SA) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) for inducing frost stress tolerance in an autumn-sown potato crop cv. Sutlej. The findings revealed that the foliar application of 0.5 mM SA significantly enhanced the growth, yield, fluorescent, and biochemical indices of potato plants outperforming 100 mM KNO₃ application in comparison with the control. This included increased plant height by 14% and 17.6%, leaf area index by 6.3% and 26.3%, shoot biomass by 15.4% and 46.2%, crop growth rate by 16.7% and 43.3%, average tuber weight by 8.2% and 23%, tuber diameter by 6.8% and 12.2%, tuber yield by 26.1% and 46.3%, leaf angle by 16.2% and 21.6%, quantum yield of photosystem II by 20.6% and 28.2%, photosynthetically active radiations by 20.5% and 32.4%, chlorophyll content by 6.3% and 14.6%, leaf thickness by 14% and 29%, linear electron flow by 20% and 32.7%, O–2 by 6% and 14.4%, H2O2 by 11.7% and 27.6%, enzyme activities of catalase by 20.7% and 28.5%, superoxide dismutase by 28.6% and 28.5%, peroxidase by 8.3% and 13.5%, ascorbate peroxidase by 17.2% and 37.8%, total protein by 21% and 37%, proline by 36.2% and 114%, and phenolic content by 33% and 63.3% with a reduction in non-photochemical quenching by 12.7% and 29.6%, non-regulatory energy dissipation by 169.5% and 268.5%, and leaf electrolyte leakage by 57.5% and 180%, compared to KNO3 and the control, respectively. Based on the above findings, it can be concluded and recommended that 0.5 mM foliar spray of SA can be utilized on potato crop cv. Sutlej in frost-sensitive regions. However, the application rate of KNO3 needs to be optimized in order to use its maximal frost stress tolerance potential.
Shallow-water mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) adapt to deep-sea environment through transcriptomic and metagenomic insights
Authors: Sun Luyang , Liu Xiaolu , Zhou Li , Wang Hao , Lian Chao , Zhong Zhaoshan , Wang Minxiao , Chen Hao , Li Chaolun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent studies have unveiled the deep sea as a rich biosphere, populated by species descended from shallow-water ancestors post-mass extinctions. Research on genomic evolution and microbial symbiosis has shed light on how these species thrive in extreme deep-sea conditions. However, early adaptation stages, particularly the roles of conserved genes and symbiotic microbes, remain inadequately understood. This study examined transcriptomic and microbiome changes in shallow-water mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to deep-sea conditions at the Site-F cold seep in the South China Sea. Results reveal complex gene expression adjustments in stress response, immune defense, homeostasis, and energy metabolism pathways during adaptation. After 10 days of deep-sea exposure, shallow-water mussels and their microbial communities closely resembled those of native deep-sea mussels, demonstrating host and microbiome convergence in response to adaptive shifts. Notably, methanotrophic bacteria, key symbionts in native deep-sea mussels, emerged as a dominant group in the exposed mussels. Host genes involved in immune recognition and endocytosis correlated significantly with the abundance of these bacteria. Overall, our analyses provide insights into adaptive transcriptional regulation and microbiome dynamics of mussels in deep-sea environments, highlighting the roles of conserved genes and microbial community shifts in adapting to extreme environments.
Copper-catalysed radical cascade reaction of N-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) substituted 2-pyridones with styrene to access 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridone scaffolds
Authors: Jin Shengkui , Hao Liqiang , Li Cunneng , Liu Xian , Yu Xiao , Mao Jiaqian , Ding Dong , Ji Yafei 
Published: January 2025

Herin, we present a DTBP-mediated 3 + 2 cycloaddition reaction between N-(2-oxo-2-phenylethyl) substituted 2-pyridones and styrene; this reaction can afford 1,6-carboannulated 2-pyridone scaffolds with up to 79% yields.
Designing a novel perovskite-type KCd(NH2SO3)3 with deep-ultraviolet transparency and strong second-harmonic generation response
Authors: Fan Yujie , Zhong Li , Tian Haotian , Lin Chensheng , Wu Lingli , Yan Tao , Luo Min 
Published: January 2025

We modified the perovskite ABX3 structure by substituting X-site with NH2SO3−, using Cd2+ at B-site and K+ at A-site. This resulted in DUV transparency (<190 nm), strong SHG (>1.1 × KDP), and easy growth (20 × 17 × 5 mm3).
Purpose in Life After Brain Injury: Expanding the Focus and Impact of Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation
Authors: Covington Natalie V. , Vruwink Olivia , Radomski Mary Vining 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a life-altering event that can abruptly and drastically derail an individual's expected life trajectory. While some adults who have sustained a TBI go on to make a full recovery, many live with persisting disability many years postinjury. Helping patients adjust to and flourish with disability that may persist should be as much a part of rehabilitative practice as addressing impairment, activity, and participation-level changes after TBI. Living with a sense of purpose in daily life has been shown to provide numerous health and psychological benefits in the general population, especially in the face of major life transitions. In this article, we argue that rehabilitative professionals across disciplines can fruitfully leverage the construct of purpose in life to lend structure, meaning, and intrinsic motivation to TBI rehabilitation and to the recrafting of lives in the aftermath of unexpected change.

Method:
We provide a narrative review of the literature relevant to recovery and long-term well-being after TBI and of the role of purpose in daily life in promoting well-being in the general population. We then outline avenues for, and potential benefits of, incorporating a focus on purpose in life into TBI rehabilitation and discuss future directions in purpose-in-life rehabilitation research.

Conclusion:
We propose that an overarching rehabilitative focus on purpose in daily life could improve well-being after TBI by grounding therapeutic services in a construct that meaningfully connects traditional rehabilitation targets to patients' broader lives, while concurrently addressing injury-related purpose disruption, in order to promote flourishing after brain injury irrespective of a person's degree of functional recovery.
Understanding observational characteristics of solar flare current sheets
Authors: Ren Zining , Wang Yulei , Cheng Xin , Ding Mingde 
Published: January 2025

Context. The elongated bright structures above solar flare loops are suggested to be current sheets, where magnetic reconnection takes place. Observations have revealed various characteristics of the current sheet; however, their physical origin remains to be ascertained.
Aims. In this study we aim to reveal the relations of observational characteristics of current sheets with the fundamental processes of magnetic reconnection.
Methods. Using high-resolution 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of turbulent magnetic reconnection within a solar flare current sheet, we synthesized the remote-sensing observations of the current sheet and determined their physical properties.
Results. Turbulent magnetic reconnection can significantly broaden the apparent width of the current sheet, which is much larger than the realistic physical width because of the superposition effect. The differential emission measures of the current sheet have two peaks; the high-temperature component is spatially related to confirmed small-scale reconnection sites, showing that the current sheet is directly heated by reconnection. Moreover, we demonstrate that strong turbulence can cause the nonthermal broadening of spectral lines at both the current sheet and flare loop-top regions. A strong correlation between them in time is also observed.
Conclusions. Our 3D turbulent magnetic reconnection flare model can be used to interpret primary observational characteristics of the elongated bright current sheets of solar flares.
Self-mentions and stakeholders in climate change discourse
Authors: Nervino Esterina , Wang Jiaying , Ma Chaojun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the perspectives of various stakeholders involved in climate change discourse within the financial sector. This paper focuses on sustainability and analyzes a corpus of approximately 30,000 words derived from the sustainability reports of four of the top 100 banks, as identified in the 2022 Standard and Poor’s ranking. The study utilizes corpus analysis tools to identify metadiscursive interactional features of self-mention (Hyland, 2005) and references to stakeholders, highlighting how these banks position themselves and engage with stakeholders in discussions related to climate change. It contributes to the literature on financial discourse and climate change and offers insights for companies seeking financial support by aligning their applications with bank narratives.
A new approach in classical Klein–Gordon cosmology: ‘Small Bangs’, inflation and Dark Energy
Authors: Kontou Eleni-Alexandra , Rothe Nicolai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we analyze the cosmological model in which the expansion is driven by a classical, free Klein–Gordon field on a flat, four-dimensional Friedmann–Lemaître—Robertson–Walker spacetime. The model allows for arbitrary mass, non-zero cosmological constant and coupling to curvature. We find that there are strong restrictions to the parameter space, due to the requirement for the reality of the field values. At early cosmological times, we observe Big Bang singularities, solutions where the scale factor asymptotically approaches zero, and Small Bangs. The latter are solutions for which the Hubble parameter diverges at a finite value of the scale factor. They appear generically in our model for certain curvature couplings. An early inflationary era is observed for a specific value of the curvature coupling without further assumptions (unlike in many other inflationary models). A late-time Dark Energy period is present for all solutions with positive cosmological constant, numerically suggesting that a ‘cosmic no-hair’ theorem holds under more general assumptions than the original Wald version which relies on classical energy conditions. The classical fields in consideration can be viewed as resembling one-point functions of a semiclassical model, in which the cosmological expansion is driven by a quantum field.
Bearing fault diagnosis method using CNN with denoising structure under strong noise background
Authors: Wang Junxiang , Li Hongkun , Liu Xuejun , Sun Bin , Liu Yefei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the monitoring of rotating machinery area, intelligent fault diagnosis based on signal analysis has been widely applied. However, due to modulation of the hardware transmission path and interference from environmental noise, the quality of collected vibration signals is prone to degradation. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are currently the most widely used models for fault diagnosis. However, their lack of dedicated denoising structures makes them less robust against noise. Therefore, this paper proposes an end-to-end denoising CNN fault diagnosis model. Firstly, a discrete-wavelet attention layer (DAL) and convolutional layers are alternately employed to extract signal features in the wavelet domain. Secondly, according the periodic self-similarity of vibration signals, the Gramian noise reduction (GNR) method is utilized to enhance fault features in the signal. Subsequently, GNR and DAL are integrated into the model to simultaneously extract features from the original signal and the vibration signal enhanced by GNR, thereby enhancing the model fault diagnosis performance in noisy environments. Finally, various levels of noise are added to Case Western Reserve University and Dalian University of Technology data, and compared with other advanced methods, to verify the effectiveness and universality of the proposed method.
Continuous single-ended depth-of-interaction measurement using highly multiplexed signals and artificial neural networks
Authors: Shim Hyeong Seok , Cho Min Jeong , Lee Min Sun , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Objective: This study aims to enhance positron emission tomography (PET) imaging systems by developing a continuous depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement technique using a single-ended readout. Our primary focus is on reducing the number of readout channels in the scintillation detectors while maintaining accurate DOI estimations, using a high-pass filter-based signal multiplexing technique combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs).&#xD;Approach: Instead of reading out all 64 signals from an 8×8 silicon photomultiplier array for DOI estimation, the proposed method technique reduces the signals into just four channels by applying high-pass filters with different time constants. To recover the original signal amplitudes, an ANN is used to demultiplex the multiplexed signals. Specifically, the ANN processes the sampled waveforms of these four multiplexed signals and estimates the energy information of the original 8×8 SiPM channels. In this study, two DOI estimation strategies were explored for a continuous DOI PET detector utilizing triangular teeth-shaped reflectors: a ‘single-step estimation’ method directly estimating DOI from multiplexed signals, and a ‘two-stage cascade estimation’ method that first demultiplexes the signals and then estimates DOI. The performances of proposed strategies were validated using data irradiated at five steps (2 mm, 6 mm, 10 mm, 14 mm, and 18 mm).&#xD;Results: The signal amplitude of row/column summed signals, which were recovered using the proposed ANN-based demultiplexing, showed strong correlation with ground truth (e.g., R2=0.98 for 125 MHz digitizer sampling rate). Moreover, both the single-step and two-stage estimation methods achieved high accuracy in DOI estimation, with an average DOI estimation accuracy of 72.9% and 74.0% at 125 MHz sampling rate when considering an error range of ± 1 DOI position. &#xD;Significance: This novel signal multiplexing technique significantly reduces the number of required readout channels, making continuous DOI PET more cost-effective. &#xD;
Predicting thermal stress and failure risk in monoblock divertors using 2D finite difference modeling and gradient boosting regression for fusion energy applications
Authors: Daramola Ayobami Daniel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study presents a combined approach using a 2D finite difference method and gradient boosting regressor (GBR) to analyze thermal stress and identify potential failure points in monoblock divertors made of tungsten, copper, and CuCrZr alloy. The model simulates temperature and heat flux distributions under typical fusion reactor conditions, highlighting regions of high thermal gradients and stress accumulation. These stress concentrations, particularly at the interfaces between materials, are key areas for potential failure, such as thermal fatigue and microcracking. Using the GBR model, a predictive maintenance framework is developed to assess failure risk based on thermal stress data, allowing for early intervention. This approach provides insights into the thermomechanical behavior of divertors, contributing to the design and maintenance of more resilient fusion reactor components.
Study of the influence of dry air on the plasma parameters in a cascaded arc Ar plasma using laser Thomson scattering approach
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhou Lina , Shi Jielin , Li Yu , Li Cong , Feng Chunlei , Ding Hongbin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, the influence of dry air on the electron density (n
e) and electron temperature (T
e) in a cascaded arc Ar plasma is firstly studied by the state-of-the-art laser Thomson scattering approach. The results reveal that a small amount of dry air can induce a sharp drop in n
e, which is ascribed by the dissociative recombination reactions between electron and molecular ions formed in charge transfer reactions. With the increase in dry air ratio, T
e exhibits a non-monotonic trend which initially increases and then decreases. This should be caused by the cooperation between super-elastic collision with highly vibrationally excited molecules and electron impact vibrational excitation to molecules. Additionally, the calculated electron density (n
e
cal) and electron temperature (T
e
cal) are derived using n
e and T
e obtained from the separate additions of N2 and O2, along with the respective proportions of N2 and O2 in dry air. It is found that both n
e
cal and T
e
cal closely match the experimentally measured values in dry air, which indicates that the impact on n
e and T
e are mainly dominated by N2 and O2 molecules and the interplay between nitrogen and oxygen, has minimal effect on the plasma parameters.
Multi-stage infrared detectors
Authors: Shen Zhijian , Yang Zezheng , Dai Zhecheng , Chen Baile 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-stage infrared detectors, including interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs) and quantum cascade detectors (QCDs). These detectors exhibit low dark current, high detectivity, and high 3 dB bandwidth positioning them as promising candidates in infrared (IR) detector technology. The review covers the history of multi-stage IR detectors, the corresponding device physics, materials systems, DC and RF performance, and recent advancements. Additionally, a comparative analysis of ICIPs and QCDs is provided, along with discussions on optimization strategies. This review is intended to be a valuable resource for researchers and engineers in the field of IR detector technology, offering a detailed insight into the most advanced multi-stage IR detector technology and providing guidance for future development.
Bi-Josephson effect in a driven-dissipative supersolid
Authors: Qin Jieli , Li Shijie , Tu Yijia , Gu Maokun , Guan Lin , Xu Weimin , Zhou Lu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Josephson effect is a macroscopic quantum tunneling phenomenon in a system with superfluid property, when it is split into two parts by a barrier. Here, we examine the Josephson effect in a driven-dissipative supersolid realized by coupling Bose–Einstein condensates to an optical ring cavity. We show that the spontaneous breaking of spatial translation symmetry in supersolid makes the location of the splitting barrier have a significant influence on the Josephson effect. Remarkably, for the same splitting barrier, depending on its location, two different types of DC Josephson currents are found in the supersolid phase (compared to only one type found in the superfluid phase). Thus, we term it a bi-Josephson effect. We examine the Josephson relationships and critical Josephson currents in detail, revealing that the emergence of supersolid order affects these two types of DC Josephson currents differently—one is enhanced, while the other is suppressed. The findings of this work unveil unique Josephson physics in the supersolid phase, and show new opportunities to build novel Josephson devices with supersolids.
(t, m) Threshold quantum secret sharing with group authentication
Authors: Mawlia Priyanka , Siwach Vikash 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Quantum secret sharing plays a key role as a foundational method for distributing a secret to all participants in quantum cryptography. Group authentication plays a significant role in safeguarding information as it confirms the identity of communication parties. This paper presents a

d
−

level

t
,
m

threshold quantum secret-sharing scheme combined with group authentication. Group members can simultaneously authenticate their identities through group authentication. Using the Lagrange interpolation polynomial, the group authentication method disperses multiple secret shares to group members and later allows joint verification of some or all members. The complexities of the developed group authentication scheme are much lower than those found in widely recognized existing group authentication methods. This algorithm allows each participant to keep their secret shares secure and undisclosed. By avoiding transmission of these shares, external eavesdroppers are unable to obtain any secret information. This protocol offers security, efficiency, and practicality. Security analysis reveals its ability to resist intercept-resend attacks, entangle-measure attacks, collusion attacks, and forgery attacks. The proposed scheme ensures both confidentiality and integrity.
Collective attack free controlled quantum key agreement without quantum memory
Authors: Dutta Arindam , Pathak Anirban 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Here we present a new protocol for controlled quantum key agreement and another protocol for key agreement with a specific focus on the security analysis. Specifically, detailed security proof is provided against impersonated fraudulent attack and collective attacks and it is established that the proposed protocols are not only secure, but they also satisfy other desired properties of such schemes (i.e., fairness and correctness). Further, the proposed schemes are critically compared with a set of schemes for quantum key agreement and an existing scheme for controlled quantum key agreement (Tang et al.’s protocol) in terms of efficiency and the required quantum resources. Especially, it is observed that in contrast to the existing schemes, the present scheme does not require quantum memory. In addition, the protocol for controlled quantum key agreement proposed here is found to require quantum resources (Bell state and single photon state) that are easier to produce and maintain compared to the quantum resources (GHZ states) needed for the only known existing protocol for the same purpose, i.e., Tang et al.’s protocol.
Photonic scheme to generate frequency 24-tupling mm-wave signal using three cascaded polarization modulators without filters
Authors: Yan Xueyao , Wang Dongfei , Li Zhenzhen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper proposes a new scheme for generating a frequency 24-tupling millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal using three cascaded polarization modulators (PolMs). In the scheme, three polarization modulators with the cooperation of polarization controller (PC) and polarizer (Pol) in each subsystem are first employed to produce even order optical sidebands. Adjusting the phase shift of electrical phase shifters (EPS) to eliminate the unwanted even order optical sidebands except (6n)th order optical sidebands. Next, setting the modulation index to 4.968 to eliminate ±6th order sidebands. At last, adjusting the rotation angle of the polarizer placed behind the polarization beam combiner (PBC) to suppress 0th order optical carrier from the upper and lower branches. The obtained pure ±12th order sidebands are fed into the photodiode (PD) beat frequency. After detailed mathematical derivation and simulation verification, the accuracy of the scheme has been verified. The simulation results show that the optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) and the radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) can reach 54.49 dB and 43.86 dB, respectively. Moreover, the impacts of these non-ideal elements on OSSR and RFSSR are analyzed, and an admissible error extent is listed.