bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Bone Age Methods and Chronological Age in Prediction of Remaining Growth Around the Knee
Authors: Breen Anne Berg , Steen Harald , Pripp Are , Hvid Ivan , Horn Joachim 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Bone age (BA) has been shown to be superior to chronological age (CA) when predicting remaining growth. However, it is not known whether the calculations are more accurate when BA is assessed by the Greulich and Pyle (GP) or the Sauvegrain (SG) methods. The aim of our study was to identify the method which gives an estimate closest to actual growth in the lower extremities.

Methods:
Leg length radiographs, hand radiographs, and elbow radiographs were simultaneously obtained during the adolescent growth spurt (10 to 16 years) in 52 children treated for LLD, with radiographic follow-up of segmental length (femur, tibia, and foot) until skeletal maturity, were randomly selected from a local institutional register. BA, according to GP and SG, were manually rated, and BA based on the GP method was additionally assessed by the automated BoneXpert (BX) method. The remaining growth was calculated based on the White-Menelaus method for both BA methods (GP, SG), the combination of the 2 methods, GP by BX, CA, and the combination of CA and GP by BX. Estimated growth was compared with the actual growth in the distal femur and proximal tibia from the time of BA determination until skeletal maturity.

Results:
For all included methods, the average calculated remaining growth was higher compared with the actual growth. The mean absolute difference between calculated remaining growth and actual growth in the femur and tibia was lowest using GP by BX [0.66 cm (SD 0.51 cm) and 0.43 cm (SD 0.34 cm)] and highest using CA [1.02 (SD 0.72) and 0.67 (SD 0.46)]. It was a significant association between calculated growth and the difference between actual and calculated growth for the SG method (P=<0.001).

Conclusion:
During the adolescent growth spurt, the GP method compared with the SG method and CA gives the most accurate estimate of remaining growth around the knee according to our results.

Clinical relevance:
In calculations of remaining growth around the knee, BA assessment by the GP atlas or BX method should be used as the parameter of biological maturity.
Superior Antihelix Composite Graft for Repair of Nasal Ala and Lateral Nasal Tip Defects: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Riopelle Alexandria M. , Jeong Daehee , Kaliszewski Samantha L. , Bald Madeline P. , Schanbacher Carl F. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUNDDeep defects on the nasal ala and lateral nasal tip may result in nasal valve insufficiency or alar notching and are often repaired with a 2-stage reconstruction. Previous literature has demonstrated high failure rates of composite grafts.OBJECTIVEIdentify survival rates and cosmetic outcomes of nasal composite grafts harvested from the antihelix.METHODSA retrospective review of 52 patients who underwent ala or lateral nasal tip composite graft repair from April 2019 through May 2022, with statistical analysis of cosmetic outcomes graded by 2 surgeons.RESULTSDefect size ranged from 0.7 cm × 0.8 cm to 1.9 cm × 2.5 cm. 48 grafts survived (92.3% survival rate). Four patients sustained at least partial integument sloughing (epidermal necrosis), but the cartilage survived in all 52 cases. Overall, aesthetic results yielded the following: excellent (19.5%), very good (35.5%), good (11.5%), decent (16.5%), and poor (6%). In 93% of cases, there was no evidence of nasal collapse or retraction. Two patients (3.8%) required surgical revision. Donor site morbidity was low.CONCLUSIONThe antihelical composite skin graft is a 1-step reliable repair option for ala and lateral nasal tip defects with an acceptable cosmetic outcome.
Comparing Two-way Fixed Effects and New Estimators for Difference-in-Differences: A Simulation Study and Empirical Example
Authors: Goin Dana E. , Riddell Corinne A. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Two-way fixed effects methods have been used to estimate effects of policies adopted in different places over time, but they can provide misleading results when effects are heterogeneous or dynamic, and alternate methods have been proposed.

Methods:
We compared methods for estimating the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) under staggered adoption of policies, including two-way fixed effects, group-time ATT, cohort ATT, and target-trial approaches. We applied each method to assess the impact of Medicaid expansion on preterm birth using the National Center for Health Statistics’ birth records. We compared each estimator’s performance in a simulation parameterized to mimic the empirical example. We generated constant, heterogeneous, and dynamic effects and calculated bias, mean squared error, and confidence interval coverage of each estimator across 1000 iterations.

Results:
Two-way fixed effects estimated that Medicaid expansion increased the risk of preterm birth (risk difference [RD], 0.12; 95% CI = 0.02, 0.22), while the group-time ATT, cohort ATT, and target-trial approaches estimated protective or null effects (group-time RD, −0.16; 95% CI = −0.58, 0.26; cohort RD, −0.02; 95% CI = −0.46, 0.41; target trial RD, −0.16; 95% CI = −0.59, 0.26). In simulations, two-way fixed effects performed well when treatment effects were constant and less well under heterogeneous and dynamic effects.

Conclusions:
We demonstrated why new approaches perform better than two-way fixed effects when treatment effects are heterogeneous or dynamic under a staggered policy adoption design, and created simulation and analysis code to promote understanding and wider use of these methods in the epidemiologic literature.
Composite dietary antioxidant intake and osteoporosis likelihood in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a population-based study in the United States
Authors: Zhang Ruyi , Ni Zemin , Wei Muhong , Cui Yuan , Zhou Haolong , Di Dongsheng , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, reduced bone strength, and increased fracture risk. We aimed to investigate the association between combined dietary antioxidant intake and the likelihood of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Methods
Nutrient intake data were obtained using two 24-hour recalls. Composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), which refers to the intake amounts of β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron, was then constructed. Prevalent osteoporosis was defined according to bone mineral density T scores of ≤ −2.5 and self-reports. Multiple logistic and Poisson regression models were used for association analyses.

Results
A total of 3,418 participants (1,157 premenopausal and 2,261 postmenopausal women) 40 years or older were included, 776 (22.70%) of whom had prevalent osteoporosis. In terms of individual nutrients, postmenopausal women in the highest CDAI quartiles for dietary β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron intakes had a low likelihood of osteoporosis. Regarding the CDAI-osteoporosis association, postmenopausal women in the highest quartile were less likely to have osteoporosis (ORQ3vsQ1, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43–0.96; ORQ4vsQ1, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35–0.89; P for trend = 0.013), after controlling for covariates.

Conclusions
CDAI was negatively associated with the likelihood of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that the combined intake of antioxidant nutrients can help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis in women.
Identifying geographic atrophy
Authors: Clevenger Leanne , Rachitskaya Aleksandra 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness and can progress to geographic atrophy (GA) in late stages of disease. This review article highlights recent literature which assists in the accurate and timely identification of GA, and monitoring of GA progression.

Recent findings
Technology for diagnosing and monitoring GA has made significant advances in recent years, particularly regarding the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). Identification of imaging features which may herald the development of GA or its progression is critical. Deep learning applications for OCT in AMD have shown promising growth over the past several years, but more prospective studies are needed to demonstrate generalizability and clinical utility.

Summary
Identification of GA and of risk factors for GA development or progression is essential when counseling AMD patients and discussing prognosis. With new therapies on the horizon for the treatment of GA, identification of risk factors for the development and progression of GA will become critical in determining the patients who would be appropriate candidates for new targeted therapies.
Use of primary and piggyback toric intraocular lenses for treatment of high myopic astigmatism
Authors: Thomson Andrew C. , McAnnis Kathryn E. , Ambati Balamurali K. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
High myopic astigmatism often presents a challenge for cataract surgeons. Procedures such as limbal relaxation incisions may also be impossible in the setting of an extensive refractive surgical history.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
A 61-year-old woman for cataract surgery with a history of automated lamellar keratoplasty, 4-incision radial keratotomy, and arcuate incisions in the left eye. Astigmatism was 8.00 diopters (D) by manifest refraction, and on optical biometry, corneal topography, and auto keratometry, astigmatism was 9.01 D, 7.52 D, and 8.25 D, respectively.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
A primary in-the-bag toric intraocular lens (IOL) and piggyback toric IOL with reverse optic capture were used. A surgically induced astigmatism of 6.59 D, magnitude of error of −1.41 D, angle of error 5.6 degrees, and correction index of 0.82 were achieved. Owing to limited potential improvement with IOL rotation, additional enhancement with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) of −0.61 −1.78 × 69 degrees was performed to achieve desired results and high patient satisfaction. Preoperative corrected distance visual acuity was 20/50, and the uncorrected visual acuity achieved after cataract surgery and PRK enhancement was 20/25.

Conclusions:
The use of double toric IOLs for treating high astigmatism in patients with prior keratorefractive surgery is reported.
Conflicts hurt: social stress predicts elevated pain and sadness after mild inflammatory increases
Authors: Madison Annelise A. , Renna Megan , Andridge Rebecca , Peng Juan , Shrout M. Rosie , Sheridan John , Lustberg Maryam , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Wesolowski Robert , Williams Nicole O. , Noonan Anne M. , Reinbolt Raquel E. , Stover Daniel G. , Cherian Mathew A. , Malarkey William B. , Kiecolt-Glaser Janice K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIndividuals respond differently to inflammation. Pain, sadness, and fatigue are common correlates of inflammation among breast cancer survivors. Stress may predict response intensity. This study tested whether breast cancer survivors with greater exposure to acute or chronic social or nonsocial stress had larger increases in pain, sadness, and fatigue during an acute inflammatory response. In total, 156 postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (ages 36-78 years, stage I-IIIA, 1-9 years posttreatment) were randomized to either a typhoid vaccine/saline placebo or the placebo/vaccine sequence, which they received at 2 separate visits at least 1 month apart. Survivors had their blood drawn every 90 minutes for the next 8 hours postinjection to assess levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Shortly after each blood draw, they rated their current levels of pain, sadness, and fatigue. Women also completed the Test of Negative Social Exchange to assess chronic social stress and the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stressors screen to index chronic general stress. At each visit, a trained experimenter administered the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events to assess social and nonsocial stress exposure within the past 24 hours. After statistical adjustment for relevant demographic and behavioral covariates, the most consistent results were that survivors who reported more chronic social stress reported more pain and sadness in response to IL-1Ra increases. Frequent and ongoing social stress may sensitize the nervous system to the effects of inflammation, with potential implications for chronic pain and depression risk among breast cancer survivors.
Correlation of Q223R and K109R polymorphisms in leptin receptor gene with susceptibility of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Shaoliang , Tang Zhenyong , Tang Yi , Tan Tingting , Chen Bin , Xie Dongyi , Xie Shaowei , Luo Honglin , Jiang Wenyu , Tang Yuntian , Yang Jianrong 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Increasing evidence has suggested a strong association of Q223R (rs1137101) and K109R (rs1137100) polymorphisms in leptin receptor (LEPR) gene with susceptibility of breast cancer (BC), but inconsistent results were obtained. To provide a quantitative assessment of this association, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.

Methods:
A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure was collected. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.

Results:
A total of 20 case-control studies for Q223R polymorphism and 8 case-control studies for K109R polymorphism were included. Significant association between Q223R polymorphism and BC risk was not found in total, Asian or Caucasian population, but in African population: allelic model, OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60-0.86, p < 0.001; recessive model, OR = 0.67, 95%CI = 0.52-0.87, P = 0.003; dominant model, OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.15-2.17, p = 0.004; homozygous model, OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.36-0.78, p < 0.001. Significant association between K109R polymorphism and BC risk was not found in total or Caucasian population, but in Asian population: dominant model, OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.07-0.84, p = 0.03; heterozygous model, OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.07-3.26, p = 0.03.

Conclusion:
The available evidence suggests that Q223R polymorphism may be significantly associated with BC risk in African population. K109R polymorphism may be significantly associated with BC risk in Asian population.
Baseline Peripheral Eosinophil Count Independently Predicts Proton Pump Inhibitor Response in Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Muftah Mayssan , Barshop Kenneth , Redd Walker D. , Goldin Alison H. , Lo Wai-Kit , Chan Walter W. 
Published: March 2023

Goals:
To assess the predictive value of baseline peripheral absolute eosinophil counts (AECs) for proton pump inhibitor (PPI) response in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Background:
PPI leads to histologic remission in ~50% of EoE patients, although there are few distinguishing clinical features between PPI-responsive (PPI-r-EoE) and nonresponsive (PPI-nr-EoE) diseases. Peripheral eosinophilia is present in ~50% of EoE cases and is associated with eosinophil density on esophageal biopsy and worse clinical outcomes. The association between peripheral eosinophilia and PPI-responsiveness in EoE remains unclear.

Study:
This is a retrospective cohort study of adult EoE patients at a tertiary center between 2012 and 2016. All patients underwent twice daily PPI trials for ≥8 weeks followed by repeat esophageal biopsies and were classified as PPI-r-EoE or PPI-nr-EoE based on histologic response (<15 eosinophils/high power field). Baseline peripheral AEC was obtained within 1 month before index endoscopy. Analyses were performed using Fisher exact/Student t test (univariate) and logistic regression (multivariable).

Results:
One hundred eighty-three patients (91 PPI-nr-EoE and 92 PPI-r-EoE) were included. Mean peripheral AEC was higher among PPI-nr-EoE patients (0.41 vs 0.24 K/µL, P = 0.013). Baseline peripheral eosinophilia (>0.5 K/µL) was more prevalent among patients with PPI-nr-EoE (70.4% vs 45.5%, P = 0.023) and a history of food impaction (51.9% vs 23.7%, P = 0.0082). On multivariable analyses, peripheral eosinophilia remained an independent predictor for PPI response (adjacent odds ratio = 2.86, CI: 1.07-7.62, P = 0.036) and food impaction (adjacent odds ratio = 2.80, CI: 1.07-7.35, P = 0.037).

Conclusions:
Baseline peripheral eosinophilia independently predicts PPI nonresponse and food impaction in EoE patients. Peripheral AEC may help therapy selection in EoE and prevent delays in achieving histologic remission.
Dietary protein and muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease: new insights
Authors: Gungor Ozkan , Kara Ali Veysel , Hasbal Nuri Baris , Zadeh Kamyar Kalantar 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Muscle wasting is an important health problem in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Protein restriction in the diet can be one of the main causes of muscle wasting in this population. In this review, we aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary protein intake and muscle wasting in CKD patients according to recent literature.

Recent findings
The one of the main mechanisms responsible for the muscle wasting is the disturbances in skeletal muscle protein turnover. Muscle wasting primarily occurs when the rates of muscle protein breakdown exceed the muscle protein synthesis. Dietary protein intake represents an important role by causing a potent anabolic stimulus resulting a positive muscle protein balance. Compared to studies made in healthy populations, there are very limited studies in the literature about the relationship between dietary protein intake and muscle wasting in the CKD population. Majority of the studies showed that a more liberal protein intake is beneficial for muscle wasting in especially advanced CKD and hemodialysis population

Summary
Although evaluating muscle wasting in CKD patients, the amount of protein in the diet of patients should also be reviewed. Although excessive protein intake has some negative consequences on this patient group, a more liberated dietary protein intake should be taken into account in this patient group with muscle wasting and especially in dialysis patients.
Impact of complementary feeding on obesity risk
Authors: Kittisakmontri Kulnipa , Fewtrell Mary 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
To discuss recent evidence on the influence of complementary feeding (CF) timing, content and feeding methods on childhood obesity risk.

Recent findings
The evidence-base is limited by heterogeneity, risk of bias and the predominance of observational studies. The content of the diet and feeding practices are more influential than timing for obesity risk. There is limited evidence that CF introduction before 4 months may be associated with increased risk. Intake of animal protein, particularly dairy protein, may contribute to rapid weight gain; protein from infant/follow-on formula shows the most robust association with later obesity risk. Evidence linking sugar intake to obesity risk is limited, but intake should be as low as possible given there is no nutritional requirement. Responsive feeding (RF) practices may promote appropriate infant growth and reduce risk. The effect of baby-led weaning (BLW) is inconclusive.

Summary
Recent evidence supports current recommendations to avoid high protein intakes, especially from infant/follow-on formula, for infants in high income countries; and to promote RF practices for all infants. Studies in low- and middle-income countries are required to define optimal CF practices given increasing rates of child obesity alongside double-burden malnutrition.
Adverse effects of systemic cancer therapy on skeletal muscle: myotoxicity comes out of the closet
Authors: Klassen Pamela , Schiessel Dalton L. , Baracos Vickie E. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Systemic cancer therapy-associated skeletal muscle wasting is emerging as a powerful impetus to the overall loss of skeletal muscle experienced by patients with cancer. This review explores the clinical magnitude and biological mechanisms of muscle wasting during systemic cancer therapy to illuminate this adverse effect. Emerging strategies for mitigation are also discussed.

Recent findings
Clinical findings include precise, specific measures of muscle loss over the course of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. All these therapeutic classes associate with quantitatively important muscle loss, independent of tumor response. Parallel experimental studies provide understanding of the specific molecular basis of wasting, which can include inhibition of protein synthesis, proliferation and differentiation, and activation of inflammation, reactive oxygen species, autophagy, mitophagy, apoptosis, protein catabolism, fibrosis and steatosis in muscle. Strategies to mitigate these muscle-specific adverse effects of cancer therapy remain in the earliest stages of development.

Summary
The adverse side effect of cancer therapy on skeletal muscle has been largely ignored in the development of cancer therapeutics. Given the extent to which loss of muscle mass and function can bear on patients’ function and quality of life, protection/mitigation of these side effects is a research priority.
Hepatic dysfunction in patients receiving intravenous lipid emulsions
Authors: Miles John M. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Until recently, intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) have consisted of soybean oil (SO) only. This review addresses recent developments in the field, including the problem of intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) that can occur with the use of ILEs in children and adults, and newer ILEs that may minimize and reverse IFALD.

Recent findings
Cholestasis is the primary manifestation of IFALD in premature infants receiving ILEs, whereas in older children and adults, steatosis is predominant. Two alternative ILEs have been extensively investigated for both safety and efficacy. SMOF, an ILE containing medium chain triglyceride, soybean oil, olive oil and fish oil (FO), is now widely used in both children and adults. A newer FO ILE is approved for use in children only. However, in case reports FO ILE has been shown to improve IFALD in adults. A number of new studies suggest that cholestasis from ILEs is dose-related. IFALD does not improve in many patients after transition from SO to SMOF, but partial or complete replacement with FO can halt and reverse IFALD.

Summary
Adverse hepatic effects from ILEs are to some extent dose-related. Overfeeding with fat or with carbohydrate, or simply providing excessive calories in general, may be responsible. More research is needed investigating dose-related effects of macronutrients on liver injury.