bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anal fistulotomy with one-stage shaped skin grafting for intersphincter anal fistulas: study protocol on a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Yongchang , Xie Wei , Wu Xiaoshuo , Li Xiaolan , Guo Jinyan , Cao Qiurui , Liang Jiadi , Chen Xin-lin , Zhao Wentao , Sun Feng , Li Hongjie , Luo Weimin , Li Yuying 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Anal fistulas are mainly treated via surgery. They can be difficult to treat without surgical intervention. Numerous procedures, such as fistulectomy and fistulotomy, are performed to treat anal fistulas and achieve good effects. However, the wounds created through fistulectomy and fistulotomy take a long time to heal. Therefore, a multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) is proposed to study the efficacy of one-stage shaped skin grafting at the surgical wound to heal low simple intersphincter anal fistulas.

Methods
This study is a multicentre, hospital-based RCT. It will be performed at three hospitals. A total of 104 patients with low simple intersphincter anal fistulas who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in this trial and will be allocated randomly to two groups (test and control groups). The patients in the test group will receive one-stage anal fistulotomy surgery combined with shaped skin grafting, and those in the control group will undergo anal fistulotomy only. All the operations will be performed by attending colorectal surgeons or surgeons of a higher level. Effectiveness and safety indicators will be observed, recorded and analysed.

Discussion
Anal fistulotomy can heal low simple intersphincter anal fistulas effectively and safely with a low recurrence rate. Skin grafts promote wound epithelisation significantly. We believe that skin grafting can treat low simple intersphincter fistulas with a short healing time.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2000039174. Registered on 28 October 2020.
Quantification of identifying cognitive impairment using olfactory-stimulated functional near-infrared spectroscopy with machine learning: a post hoc analysis of a diagnostic trial and validation of an external additional trial
Authors: Kim Jaewon , Lee Hayeon , Lee Jinseok , Rhee Sang Youl , Shin Jae Il , Lee Seung Won , Cho Wonyoung , Min Chanyang , Kwon Rosie , Kim Jae Gwan , Yon Dong Keon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
We aimed to quantify the identification of mild cognitive impairment and/or Alzheimer’s disease using olfactory-stimulated functional near-infrared spectroscopy using machine learning through a post hoc analysis of a previous diagnostic trial and an external additional trial.

Methods
We conducted two independent, patient-level, single-group, diagnostic interventional trials (original and additional trials) involving elderly volunteers (aged > 60 years) with suspected declining cognitive function. All volunteers were assessed by measuring the oxygenation difference in the orbitofrontal cortex using an open-label olfactory-stimulated functional near-infrared spectroscopy approach, medical interview, amyloid positron emission tomography, brain magnetic resonance imaging, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery.

Results
In total, 97 (original trial) and 36 (additional trial) elderly volunteers with suspected decline in cognitive function met the eligibility criteria. The statistical model reported classification accuracies of 87.3% in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease in internal validation (original trial) but 63.9% in external validation (additional trial). The machine learning algorithm achieved 92.5% accuracy with the internal validation data and 82.5% accuracy with the external validation data. For the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, machine learning performed better than statistical methods with internal (86.0% versus 85.2%) and external validation data (85.4% versus 68.8%).

Interpretation
In two independent trials, machine learning models using olfactory-stimulated oxygenation differences in the orbitofrontal cortex were superior in diagnosing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease compared to classic statistical models. Our results suggest that the machine learning algorithm is stable across different patient groups and increases generalization and reproducibility.

Trial registration
Clinical Research Information Service (CRiS) of Republic of Korea; CRIS numbers, KCT0006197 and KCT0007589.

Graphical Abstract
Explaining compound activity predictions with a substructure-aware loss for graph neural networks
Authors: Amara Kenza , Rodríguez-Pérez Raquel , Jiménez-Luna José 
Published: July 2023

AbstractExplainable machine learning is increasingly used in drug discovery to help rationalize compound property predictions. Feature attribution techniques are popular choices to identify which molecular substructures are responsible for a predicted property change. However, established molecular feature attribution methods have so far displayed low performance for popular deep learning algorithms such as graph neural networks (GNNs), especially when compared with simpler modeling alternatives such as random forests coupled with atom masking. To mitigate this problem, a modification of the regression objective for GNNs is proposed to specifically account for common core structures between pairs of molecules. The presented approach shows higher accuracy on a recently-proposed explainability benchmark. This methodology has the potential to assist with model explainability in drug discovery pipelines, particularly in lead optimization efforts where specific chemical series are investigated.
Australia’s colourful path to tuberculosis freedom
Authors: Glanville Ronald J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to highlight the key lessons learned from Australia’s successful program to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (TB) over a 27-year period from 1970 when the Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign commenced, through to when TB freedom was declared on 31 December 1997.As well as discussing the key elements of the national program and its success factors, the author documents a number of case studies and reflects on personal experiences in the far north-west of the state of Queensland during the very difficult latter phases of the program from the mid 1980s and subsequently as State program leader. The late 1980’s was a crucial time in the program leading up to a target declaration of Impending Freedom from TB.
Challenges to the control of Mycobacterium bovis in livestock and wildlife populations in the South African context
Authors: Davey Sewellyn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBovine tuberculosis (bTB) was first diagnosed in cattle in South Africa in 1880 and proclaimed a controlled disease in 1911. Testing of cattle for bTB is voluntary and only outbreaks of disease are reported to the National Department of Agriculture so the prevalence of the disease in cattle is largely unknown. There is a Bovine Tuberculosis Scheme which is aimed at the control of bTB in cattle but the same measures of test and slaughter, and the quarantining of the property apply to wildlife as well. bTB was first diagnosed in wildlife in a greater kudu in the Eastern Cape in 1928 and has to date been found in 24 mammalian wildlife species. The African buffalo has become a maintenance host of the disease, which is considered endemic in the Kruger National Park, the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park and the Madikwe Game Park. Control of bTB at the wildlife-livestock interface is difficult because of spill-over and spill-back between species. Only buffalo are required by law to be tested before translocation, but bTB has been introduced to the Madikwe Game Park probably by the translocation of other infected wildlife species. There is no national control strategy for the control of bTB in wildlife. Indirect tests have been developed to test for bTB in eight species, 6 of which can be considered endangered. More research needs to be done to develop an effective and efficient vaccine to combat the transmission of bTB within and between species. New policies need to be developed that are effective, affordable and encompassing to control the spread of bTB in South Africa.
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) could serve as a prognostic and radiosensitivity biomarker for prostate cancer patients
Authors: Feng Dechao , Li Li , Li Dengxiong , Wu Ruicheng , Zhu Weizhen , Wang Jie , Ye Luxia , Han Ping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundProlyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta (P4HB) has been reported as a suppressor in ferroptosis. However, no known empirical research has focused on exploring relationships between P4HB and prostate cancer (PCa). In this research, we initially examine the function of P4HB in PCa by thorough analysis of numerous databases and proliferation experiment.MethodsWe analyzed the correlations of P4HB expression with prognosis, clinical features, mutation genes, tumor heterogeneity, stemness, tumor immune microenvironment and PCa cells using multiple databases and in vitro experiment with R 3.6.3 software and its suitable packages.ResultsP4HB was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues and was closely related to biochemical recurrence-free survival. In terms of clinical correlations, we found that higher P4HB expression was significantly related to older age, higher Gleason score, advanced T stage and residual tumor.Surprisingly, P4HB had highly diagnostic accuracy of radiotherapy resistance (AUC 0.938). TGF beta signaling pathway and dorso ventral axis formation were upregulated in the group of low-expression P4HB. For tumor stemness, P4HB expression was positively related to EREG.EXPss and RNAss, but was negatively associated with ENHss and DNAss with statistical significance. For tumor heterogeneity, P4HB expression was positively related to MATH, but was negatively associated with tumor ploidy and microsatellite instability. For the overall assessment of TME, we observed that P4HB expression was negatively associated with all parameters, including B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score and ESTIMATE score. Spearman analysis showed that P4HB expression was negatively related to TIDE score with statistical significance. In vitro experiment, RT-qPCR and western blot showed that three siRNAs of P4HB were effective on the knockdown of P4HB expression. Furthermore, we observed that the downregulation of P4HB had significant influence on the cell proliferation of six PCa cell lines, including LNCap, C4-2, C4-2B, PC3, DU145 and 22RV1 cells.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that P4HB might serve as a prognostic biomarker and predict radiotherapy resistance for PCa patients. Downregulation of P4HB expression could inhibit the cell proliferation of PCa cells.
Few dental indices in modern Bulgarian population from southern Bulgaria
Authors: Harizanova Zdravka , Baltadjiev Atanas , Popova Ferihan , Peycheva Marieta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction of the distal teeth towards the medial ones in one functional dental group in southern Bulgarian population.Materials and methodsThe study included 232 Bulgarians aged 20–40 years. Mesiodistal dimensions of the teeth were measured by Dentistry Sliding Vernier Caliper and analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Four interdental indices were calculated: inter-incisive, premolar, upper, and lower molar indices.ResultsWe found a decrease in the percentage ratio of the lateral to the central incisors of people from the Bulgarian population compared to those dating from the Eneolithic period on the territory of Bulgaria. Furthermore, we found a reduction in the percentage ratio of the upper and lower second molars compared to the first ones. The biggest reduction in the percentage ratio (more than 6%) was found in the lower second premolars compared to the first ones, which is characteristic for southern Bulgarians.ConclusionThere was a dental reduction in all the distal members compared to the medial ones participating in one morphological dental group. As a result, we think that interdental indices can be used for explaining historical, cultural, and biological macro and microevolutionary processes and thus for understanding the origin, formation, contacts, and migration pathways of the different populations leading to ethnic variation of humanity. Therefore, they can be a reliable source of information in physiological anthropology.
The impact of imprisonment on individuals’ mental health and society reintegration: study protocol
Authors: Cunha Olga , Castro Rodrigues Andreia de , Caridade Sónia , Dias Ana Rita , Almeida Telma Catarina , Cruz Ana Rita , Peixoto Maria Manuela 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Prison sentences are a particular type of penalty that aim to reintegrate individuals into society. Nonetheless, research suggests that prison sentences have a null or a criminogenic effect on recidivism and a critical impact on inmates’ mental health, negatively interfering with their successful reintegration into society and recidivism. Prevalence rates of mental health disorders among individuals who commit crimes are high, but little is known about how incarceration perpetuates and/or worsens mental health symptoms. In the Portuguese context, no studies focused on understanding the impact of imprisonment on prisoners’ mental health. Thus, this project aims to understand incarceration’s mental health and well-being impact on male and female individuals convicted to prison, both while incarcerated and after release.

Methods
The study will follow a quantitative cross-sectional design of male and female individuals in prison and parole, aiming to assess different samples at different moments of the prison sentence. It will also follow a longitudinal design in a subsample of male and female individuals sentenced to prison and on parole who will be followed for one year.

Discussion
This study intends to have a meaningful impact on the understanding of imprisonment effects, giving important clues for developing and implementing evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies to address prisoners’ and ex-prisoners’ mental health and improve their ability to successfully reintegrate into society and reduce recidivism.
Incorporating test-taking engagement into the item selection algorithm in low-stakes computerized adaptive tests
Authors: Gorgun Guher , Bulut Okan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn low-stakes assessment settings, students’ performance is not only influenced by students’ ability level but also their test-taking engagement. In computerized adaptive tests (CATs), disengaged responses (e.g., rapid guesses) that fail to reflect students’ true ability levels may lead to the selection of less informative items and thereby contaminate item selection and ability estimation procedures. To date, researchers have developed various approaches to detect and remove disengaged responses after test administration is completed to alleviate the negative impact of low test-taking engagement on test scores. This study proposes an alternative item selection method based on Maximum Fisher Information (MFI) that considers test-taking engagement as a secondary latent trait to select the most optimal items based on both ability and engagement. The results of post-hoc simulation studies indicated that the proposed method could optimize item selection and improve the accuracy of final ability estimates, especially for low-ability students. Overall, the proposed method showed great promise for tailoring CATs based on test-taking engagement. Practitioners are encouraged to consider incorporating engagement into the item selection algorithm to enhance the validity of inferences made from low-stakes CATs.
Optimizing classification efficiency with machine learning techniques for pattern matching
Authors: Hamed Belal A. , Ibrahim Osman Ali Sadek , Abd El-Hafeez Tarek 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe study proposes a novel model for DNA sequence classification that combines machine learning methods and a pattern-matching algorithm. This model aims to effectively categorize DNA sequences based on their features and enhance the accuracy and efficiency of DNA sequence classification. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated using various machine learning algorithms, and the results indicate that the SVM linear classifier achieves the highest accuracy and F1 score among the tested algorithms. This finding suggests that the proposed model can provide better overall performance than other algorithms in DNA sequence classification. In addition, the proposed model is compared to two suggested algorithms, namely FLPM and PAPM, and the results show that the proposed model outperforms these algorithms in terms of accuracy and efficiency. The study further explores the impact of pattern length on the accuracy and time complexity of each algorithm. The results show that as the pattern length increases, the execution time of each algorithm varies. For a pattern length of 5, SVM Linear and EFLPM have the lowest execution time of 0.0035 s. However, at a pattern length of 25, SVM Linear has the lowest execution time of 0.0012 s. The experimental results of the proposed model show that SVM Linear has the highest accuracy and F1 score among the tested algorithms. SVM Linear achieved an accuracy of 0.963 and an F1 score of 0.97, indicating that it can provide the best overall performance in DNA sequence classification. Naive Bayes also performs well with an accuracy of 0.838 and an F1 score of 0.94. The proposed model offers a valuable contribution to the field of DNA sequence analysis by providing a novel approach to pre-processing and feature extraction. The model’s potential applications include drug discovery, personalized medicine, and disease diagnosis. The study’s findings highlight the importance of considering the impact of pattern length on the accuracy and time complexity of DNA sequence classification algorithms.
Youth victim perspective: optimizing presentation of patient-reported outcomes in a violence intervention program
Authors: Hollo Ashley , Nimmer Mark , Cheaton Brooke , Melzer-Lange Marlene , Levas Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The health, well-being and psychological development of children in urban areas is threatened by exposure to interpersonal violence. Violence intervention programs, such as Project Ujima, provide children with comprehensive treatment following exposure to violence. Services focus on the interruption of the violence cycle, mental health, and developing resiliency. The collection of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from youth victims of violence informs community-based, programmatic, and individual participant interventions. Although the collection of PROs throughout treatment has been demonstrated to be feasible, youth and crime victim specialist preferences for data presentation is unknown. We sought to determine patient and crime victim specialist preferences regarding which PROs are of interest and how best to visually display them for optimal engagement.

Results
Fifteen youth and nine crime victim specialists consented to participate. Both preferred visuals with the highest level of color-shading and descriptions. The domains with the highest level of interest among both youth and case workers were social, anger, emotional, school, physical, peer relations, and psychosocial well-being. Youth and crime victim specialists expressed low interest in positive affect, meaning/purpose, physical stress experience, and depression domains. Youth wanted to see their scores compared to others in the program, while crime victim specialists did not think such comparisons would be beneficial. In contrast to youth, crime victim specialists believed youth should see their physical functioning and PTSD scores.

Conclusion
Youth participants and their crime victim specialists in a violence intervention program desired to see their PROs in a graphical form and agreed on their preference for many of the domains except for PTSD and physical functioning. Both groups preferred visuals with the highest level of shading and descriptions. Further investigation is needed to determine how to implement PRO visuals with the desired domains into regular violence intervention programming.

Methods
Participants in Project Ujima’s 8-week summer camp, ages 7–18 years, who were either a victim of violent injury, a direct relative of a violent injury victim, or a homicide survivor were recruited for this qualitative study. Crime victim specialists, who work directly with these youth throughout the year, were also recruited to participate. We conducted structured interviews to determine which parameters and visual formats were of highest interest and best understood by youth participants and crime victim specialists.
Dietary insulinemic potential, sleep quality and quantity in Iranian adults: Yazd health study and TAMYZ study
Authors: Sarsangi Peyman , Mohammadi Mohammad , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Mirzaei Masoud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background & aims
To examine the link between dietary insulin index (DII) and load (DIL) and sleep duration/quality for the first time.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted on data from the recruitment phase of Yazd Health Study (YaHS)-Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ), prospective study in Yazd, central Iran. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary intakes, sleep quantity and quality, and potential confounders were gathered by interview. Sleep quality and its components (insufficient sleep, delay in falling asleep, medication use for sleep, and sleep disorder) were assessed by a modified version of Pittsburgh questionnaire. The link between DII/DIL and low sleep quality and short/long sleep duration was studied using multivariable logistic regression.

Results
In total, 5925 individuals aged 20 to 70 were eligible to take part in the current study. After adjustment for all potential confounders, participants in the highest DIL score tertile had a lower chance for sleep disorder (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.17–0.85, Ptrend = 0.02) and delay in falling asleep (OR = 0.66; 95%CI: 0.42–1.03, Ptrend = 0.05) compared to those in the lowest tertile. The DII was also linked to a lower chance for sleep disorder (OR = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39–0.93, P trend = 0.02). The DIL was inversely associated with sleep medication use and delay in falling sleep in men and women, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, DII was linked to a decreased odds of sleep disorder in women (P < 0.05). The associations were observed in those with overweight or obesity but not in those without overweight (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Higher DIL and DII might be associated with sleep quality and its components. Prospective investigations are needed in the future to confirm these findings.