bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of a National Cyberattack Affecting Clinical Trials: The Cancer Trials Ireland Experience
Authors: Harvey Harry , Carroll Hailey , Murphy Verena , Ballot Jo , O'Grady Maureen , O'Hare Debra , Lawler Gavin , Bennett Erica , Connolly Michelle , Noone Emma , Kelly Mary Grace , Bazin Ashley , Daly Ailish , Mulroe Eibhlin , McDermott Ray , O'Reilly Seamus 
Published: April 2023

PURPOSE Cyberattacks are increasing in health care and cause immediate disruption to patient care, have a lasting impact, and compromise scientific integrity of affected clinical trials. On the May 14, 2021, the Irish health service was the victim of a nationwide ransomware attack. Patient care was disrupted across 4,000 locations, including 18 cancer clinical trials units associated with Cancer Trials Ireland (CTI). This report analyses the impact of the cyberattack on the organization and proposes steps to mitigate the impact of future cyberattacks. METHODS A questionnaire was distributed to the units within the CTI group; this examined key performance indicators for a period of 4 weeks before, during, and after the attack, and was supplemented by minutes of weekly conference call with CTI units to facilitate information sharing, accelerate mitigation, and support affected units. A total of 10 responses were returned, from three private and seven public hospitals. RESULTS The effect of the attack on referrals and enrollment to trials was marked, resulting in a drop of 85% in referrals and 55% in recruitment before recovery. Radiology, radiotherapy, and laboratory systems are heavily reliant on information technology systems. Access to all was affected. Lack of preparedness was highlighted as a significant issue. Of the sites surveyed, two had a preparedness plan in place before the attack, both of these being private institutions. Of the eight institutions where no plan was in place, three now have or are putting a plan in place, whereas no plan is in place at the five remaining sites. CONCLUSION The cyberattack had a dramatic and sustained impact on trial conduct and accrual. Increased cybermaturity needs to be embedded in clinical trial logistics and the units conducting them.
Microplastic content of over-the-counter toothpastes - a systematic review
Authors: Chengappa S Kavery , Rao Ashwini , K S Aparna , Jodalli Praveen S , Shenoy Kudpi Ramya 
Published: April 2023

Background: Microplastic particles are used as ingredients in personal care products such as face washes, shower gels and toothpastes and form one of the main sources of microplastic pollution, especially in the marine environment. In addition to being a potential pollutant to the environment, the transfer of microplastics to humans can become a severe threat to public health. This systematic review was conceptualized to identify evidence for the presence of and characteristics of microplastics in toothpaste formulations. Methods: The PICOS Criteria was used for including studies for the review. Electronic databases of Scopus, Embase, Springer Link, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched, as well as hand and reference searching of the articles was carried out. The articles were screened using the software application, Covidence® and data was extracted. Results: This systematic review showed that toothpastes from China, Vietnam, Myanmar and the UAE, reported no evidence of microplastics and those from Malaysia, Turkey and India reported the presence of microplastics. The shape of the microplastics present in these toothpastes were found to be granular, irregular with opaque appearance and also in the form of fragments and fibers and the percentage weight in grams ranged from 0.2 to 7.24%. Malaysia releases 0.199 trillion microbeads annually from personal care products into the environment and toothpastes in Turkey release an average of 871 million grams of microplastics annually. Similarly, in India, it has been reported that 1.4 billion grams of microplastic particles are emitted annually from toothpaste. Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review provide evidence that toothpastes, at least in some parts of the world, do contain microplastics and that there is a great risk of increase in the addition of microplastics to the environment by the use of toothpaste.
Hesitancy towards the COVID-19 vaccine among health care practitioners in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Almojaibel Abdullah A. , Ansari Khalid , Alzahrani Yahya A. , Alessy Saleh A. , Farooqi Faraz A. , Alqurashi Yousef D. 
Published: April 2023

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. In less than 12 months since the World Health Organization declared the outbreak, several different COVID-19 vaccines have been approved and deployed mostly in developed countries since January 2021. However, hesitancy to accept the newly developed vaccines is a well-known public health challenge that needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to measure willingness and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines among health care practitioners' (HCPs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online self-reported survey was conducted among HCPs in Saudi Arabia between April 4th to April 25th 2021 using snowball sampling. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the possible factors affecting HCPs’ willingness and hesitancy to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Out of 776 participants who started the survey, 505 (65%) completed it and were included in the results. Among all HCPs, 47 (9.3%) either said “no” to receive the vaccine [20 (4%)] or were hesitant to receive it [27 (5.3%)]. Of the total number of the HCPs, 376 (74.5%) already received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 48 (9.50%) were registered to receive it. The main reason of agreement to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was “wanting to protect self and others from getting the infection” (24%). Conclusion: Our findings have shown that hesitancy toward receiving COVID-19 vaccines among HCPs in Saudi Arabia is limited and therefore may not be a serious issue. The outcomes of this study may help to understand factors that lead to vaccine hesitancy in Saudi Arabia and help public health authorities to design targeted health education interventions aiming to increase uptake of these vaccines.
A Nonparametric Subspace Analysis Approach with Application to Anomaly Detection Ensembles
Authors: Ben-Gal Irad , Bacher Marcelo , Amara Morris , Shmueli Erez 
Published: April 2023

Identifying anomalies in multidimensional data sets is an important yet challenging task in many real-world applications. A special case arises when anomalies are occluded in a small subset of attributes. We propose a new subspace analysis approach, called agglomerative attribute grouping (AAG), that searches for subspaces composed of highly correlative (in the general sense) attributes. Such correlations among attributes can better reflect the behavior of normal observations and hence, can be used to improve the identification of abnormal data samples. The proposed AAG algorithm relies on a generalized multiattribute measure (derived from information theory measures over attributes’ partitions) for evaluating the “information distance” among various subsets of attributes. To determine the set of subspaces, AAG applies a variation of the well-known agglomerative clustering algorithm with the proposed measure as the underlying distance function, whereas in contrast to existing methods, AAG does not require any tuning of parameters. Finally, the set of informative subspaces can be used to improve subspace-based analytical tasks, such as anomaly detection, novelty detection, forecasting, and clustering. Extensive evaluation over real-world data sets demonstrates that (i) in the vast majority of cases, AAG outperforms both classical and state-of-the-art subspace analysis methods when used in anomaly and novelty detection ensembles; (ii) it often generates fewer subspaces with fewer attributes each, thus resulting in faster training times for the anomaly and novelty detection ensemble; and (iii) the generated subspaces can also be useful in other analytical tasks, such as clustering and forecasting. History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article. Funding: This research was partially supported by the Israeli Ministry of Economy (METRO 450 Consortium within the frame of MAGNET program) as well as by the Koret foundation grant for Smart Cities and Digital Living 2030. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The code capsule is available on Code Ocean at https://codeocean.com/capsule/2526218/tree/v1 and in the e-Companion to this article (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2023.0027 ).
Systemic Symbolic Management, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Corporate Purpose: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Westphal James D. 
Published: April 2023

In this paper I describe the multilevel and systemic nature of symbolic management and decoupling as it applies to corporate social responsibility (CSR), and consider the implications for the corporate purpose movement. I explain how and why the symbolic management system, including the various forms of decoupling that have compromised CSR, could be readily extended to corporate purpose. I further suggest why (i) the symbolic management of purpose would extend a historical pattern of decoupling that has penetrated into ever more fundamental arenas of corporate governance, and (ii) at least some characteristics of corporate purpose may render it even more vulnerable to symbolic management and decoupling than CSR. I conclude that although the corporate purpose movement carries a substantial, downside risk of symbolic management and decoupling, it nonetheless has upside potential to improve corporate social performance, and that academic researchers have a key role to play in realizing that potential. I suggest several research strategies for detecting the presence and extent of symbolic decoupling of corporate purpose.History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.
O ESTADO CAPITALISTA DE VOLTA ÀS ORIGENS? (UMA ABORDAGEM CRÍTICA AO ESTADO CONTEMPORÂNEO)
Authors: Meyer Victor 
Published: April 2023

Parte-se de uma periodização que identifica a atualidade, a partir do esgotamento dos chamados “anos de ouro” do pós-guerra. Conclui-se que o Estado, desde então, firma um compromisso preferencial com as finanças especulativas e ataca sistematicamente as conquistas trabalhistas incorporadas ao Welfare State. As novas políticas públicas expressam o abandono de uma postura relativamente tolerante do capital frente ao trabalho, substituindo-a por uma atitude de desafio aos sindicatos e de confrontação com as reivindicações parciais dos trabalhadores. Ao mesmo tempo, a hegemonia americana sobre o sistema mundial abandona a “cooperação antagônica” e inicia um novo surto de tensões nas relações interestatais. Paradoxalmente, no momento em que se anuncia triunfante, a democracia liberal promove a queda tendencial da sua própria legitimidade perante o conjunto da sociedade; passa a negligenciar os expedientes de persuasão, em troca de uma escalada das práticas coercitivas.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM EQUIPAMENTO PARA CARACTERIZAÇÃO ACÚSTICA DE AMBIENTES
Authors: Machado de Abreu Farias Paulo César , Pêpe Iuri 
Published: April 2023

Neste trabalho propomos um sistema automatizado para caracterização de ambientes, sejam eles pequenas salas ou auditórios. Nosso instrumento faz uso das facilidades computacionais de um computador tipo IBM PC, com a comunicação efetuada via porta paralela. O projeto eletrônico foi baseado inteiramente em componentes comuns, utilizados em configurações tradicionais. Dessa forma, toda a complexidade foi transferida para o programa gerenciador. As características predominantes do sistema são a sua simplicidade no que diz respeito aos circuitos eletrônicos, a facilidade de fabricação e manutenção do módulo eletrônico, além de apresentar uma interface homem-máquina amigável e de operação intuitiva. Além de servir à caracterização acústica, o equipamento desenvolvido também pode ser utilizado para o teste de filtros de áudio e para a determinação dos parâmetros característicos de alto-falantes.
RETORNANDO À HISTÓRIA DA REDE VIÁRIA BAIANA: O ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS DO DESENVOLVIMENTO FERROVIÁRIO NA EXPANSÃO DA REDE RODOVIÁRIA DA BAHIA (1850-1950).
Authors: Zorzo Francisco Antônio 
Published: April 2023

Retoma-se aqui uma das bases do planejamento dos transportes, o estudo da história da formação da rede de estradas de ferro e de rodagem no Brasil, os seus efeitos de conjunto, suas características morfológicas e seu impacto econômico. Tomando como exemplo o caso do sistema viário da Bahia, a comunicação proporciona uma reflexão sobre a interrelação do desenvolvimento da ferrovia com o crescimento da malha rodoviária ao longo da etapa em que se erigiu a rede de caminhos modernos, com tecnologia de engenharia e segundo métodos industriais, correspondente aos episódios do ferroviarismo, iniciado no século passado, na década de 1850, e do rodoviarismo, que foi vivido após a década de 1920.
Tracing the spatiotemporal phylodynamics of Japanese encephalitis virus genotype I throughout Asia and the western Pacific
Authors: Li Fan , Feng Yun , Wang Guowei , Zhang Weijia , Fu Shihong , Wang Zuosu , Yin Qikai , Nie Kai , Yan Juying , Deng Xuan , He Ying , Liang Liang , Xu Songtao , Wang Zhenhai , Liang Guodong , Wang Huanyu 
Published: April 2023

Background
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV; Flaviridae: Flavivirus) causes Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is the most important arboviral disease in Asia and the western Pacific. Among the five JEV genotypes (GI–V), GI has dominated traditional epidemic regions in the past 20 years. We investigated the transmission dynamics of JEV GI through genetic analyses.

Methods
We generated 18 JEV GI near full length sequences by using multiple sequencing approaches from mosquitoes collected in natural settings or from viral isolates obtained through cell culture. We performed phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses to reconstruct the evolutionary history by integrating our data with 113 publicly available JEV GI sequences.

Results
We identified two subtypes of JEV GI (GIa and GIb), with a rate of 5.94 × 10−4 substitutions per site per year (s/s/y). At present, GIa still circulates within a limited region, exhibited no significant growth, the newest strain was discovered in China (Yunnan) in 2017, whereas most JEV strains circulating belong to the GIb clade. During the past 30 years, two large GIb clades have triggered epidemics in eastern Asia: one epidemic occurred in 1992 [95% highest posterior density (HPD) = 1989–1995] and the causative strain circulates mainly in southern China (Yunnan, Shanghai, Guangdong, and Taiwan) (Clade 1); the other epidemic occurred in 1997 (95% HPD = 1994–1999) and the causative strain has increased in circulation in northern and southern China during the past 5 years (Clade 2). An emerging variant of Clade 2 contains two new amino acid markers (NS2a-151V, NS4b-20K) that emerged around 2005; this variant has demonstrated exponential growth in northern China.

Conclusion
JEV GI stain circulating in Asia have shifted during the past 30 years, spatiotemporal differences were observed among JEV GI subclade. GIa is still circulating within a limited range, exhibite no significant growth. Two large GIb clades have triggered epidemics in eastern Asia, all JEV sequences identified in northern China during the past 5 years were of the new emerging variant of G1b-clade 2.
A meta-analysis of the relationship between circulating microRNA-155 and coronary artery disease
Authors: Ran Tao , Chen Jinyao , Cheng Yu , Zhang Min , Mao Min , Xiang Rui , Zuo Zhong , Chang Jing , Han Baoru , Ma Kanghua 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Many studies in China and abroad have reported an association between the expression level of microRNA-155 and CAD; however, the results remain controversial. We aimed to comprehensively investigate this association based on a meta-analysis.

Methods
We first systematically searched eight Chinese and English databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, to identify studies concerning the relationship between microRNA-155 levels and CAD published before February 7, 2021. The quality of the literature was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate the standard mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Sixteen articles with a total of 2069 patients with CAD and 1338 controls were included. All the articles were of high quality according to the NOS. The meta-analysis showed that the mean level of microRNA-155 was significantly lower in patients with CAD than in controls. Based on subgroup analyses, the level of microRNA-155 in the plasma of CAD patients and in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients was significantly lower than that in controls, whereas this level in CAD patients with mild stenosis was significantly higher than that in controls.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that the expression level of circulating microRNA-155 in patients with CAD is lower than that in a non-CAD group, suggesting a new possible reference index for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with CAD.
Influence of Hospitality Careers on Preferred Family Size
Authors: Francis Kabii , Wandaka John K. M. 
Published: April 2023

The aim of this research was to investigate influence of jobs hospitality industry on employee’s preferred family size. The specific objective was to investigate whether ladies' level of education, ages, and their careers affect influence their decision on the number of children they would have. The descriptive research method was used in the study. The data was collected from 186 respondents who were randomly selected. The study triangulated both qualitative and quantitative methods. The majority 46% of the respondents had 1 to 2 children while 30% had 3 to 4 children with a minority of 8 % having between 4 to 6 children. This finding was significant X2 =88.377, df (4), p<.0001 It was found that women's employment, education, marital status, attitude toward having children, and availability of family planning methods were some of the factors that influenced their family size. There were weak positive correlations (r=0.195) p<0.026) between the hospitality career and the preferred family meaning that the career influenced respondents' attitude towards family size. There was a positive correlation between job flexibility and intention to have a family (r=-.483, p<.003.) There were weak inverse correlations between the financial cost of bringing up children and the number of children a family would like to have (r=-227, p<.012).
Optimizing measurement of misdiagnosis-related harms using symptom-disease pair analysis of diagnostic error (SPADE): comparison groups to maximize SPADE validity
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Wang Zheyu , Zhu Yuxin , Hassoon Ahmed , Choi Justin , Austin J. Matthew , Johansen Michelle C. , Newman-Toker David E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Diagnostic errors in medicine represent a significant public health problem but continue to be challenging to measure accurately, reliably, and efficiently. The recently developed Symptom-Disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error (SPADE) approach measures misdiagnosis related harms using electronic health records or administrative claims data. The approach is clinically valid, methodologically sound, statistically robust, and operationally viable without the requirement for manual chart review. This paper clarifies aspects of the SPADE analysis to assure that researchers apply this method to yield valid results with a particular emphasis on defining appropriate comparator groups and analytical strategies for balancing differences between these groups. We discuss four distinct types of comparators (intra-group and inter-group for both look-back and look-forward analyses), detailing the rationale for choosing one over the other and inferences that can be drawn from these comparative analyses. Our aim is that these additional analytical practices will improve the validity of SPADE and related approaches to quantify diagnostic error in medicine.
Early Mosques that have Never Been (Found): Literary Sources Versus Physical Remains
Authors: Nol Hagit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mosques are one main type of evidence to represent early Islam in the archaeological record. Dating mosques is crucial for pinpointing the earliest presence of the Muslim faith in a region and to test certain historical narratives known from the literary sources. Scholars, however, sometimes date medieval mosques in excavations and surveys relying on literary sources. Following these texts has led to dating several mosque remains to the seventh or eighth century. In contrast, archaeologically independent dating tools support only later or indefinite dates for these ancient structures. This article presents four sites that consist of a mosque each of which has been dated to the seventh or eighth century: Fusṭāṭ, Jerusalem, Wāsiṭ, and Ramla. Through these case studies, supplemented by similar examples, I demonstrate the gap between the literary sources and the material evidence. Interpreting relevant epigraphical data, as well as excavation results from many more sites, suggests that the spread of mosques beyond the Arabian Peninsula and Greater Syria occurred only in the ninth century. The literary sources, therefore, cannot be read at face value and can certainly not form the basis for interpreting and dating physical remains.
Do Promises Towards Fossil Fuel Owners Matter?
Authors: Lazou Rutger 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While the energy transition is needed more than ever, for some agents it brings significant losses. This article investigates whether fossil fuel owners could refer to promises to avoid having their assets stranded. It explains how authors, in the context of just transitions, have argued for the normative relevance of Rawlsian legitimate expectations, which refer to promissory entitlements. However, it argues that the normative relevance of promises towards fossil fuel owners is limited, because there are only few promises about what will be permissible in the future and because these promises should be just before they can lead to entitlements.