bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Clasen Joanna L. , Cole Rachel , Aune Dagfinn , Sellon Edward , Heath Alicia K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Vitamin D is important for immunomodulation and may play a role in autoimmune diseases. Studies have reported a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and vitamin D status, assessed by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration, is inversely associated with RA disease activity. However, it is unclear whether vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of later developing RA. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-diagnostic 25(OH)D concentrations and risk of RA.

Methods
Medline and Embase databases were searched in December 2021 using various keywords for ‘vitamin D’, ‘rheumatoid arthritis’, and ‘prospective study’. Publications identified from the search were screened for eligibility, studies were excluded if vitamin D status was measured at or after RA diagnosis, and data were extracted from relevant articles. Bayesian meta-analysis was used to estimate the summary relative risk (RR) and 95% credible interval (CrI) for risk of RA in relation to circulating 25(OH)D concentrations, as well as the between-study heterogeneity.

Results
The search strategy yielded 908 records, of which 4 publications reporting on 7 studies, involving a total of 15,604 participants and 1049 incident RA cases, were included in the meta-analysis. There was no suggestion of an association between 25(OH)D concentration and subsequent risk of RA. The pooled RR per 25 nmol/L increment in 25(OH)D was 0.96 (95% CrI 0.82–1.13; I2 = 52%). No associations were evident in men (RR = 1.02, 95% CrI 0.65–1.61; I2 = 77%, 2 studies) or women (RR = 0.94, 95% CrI 0.73–1.22; I2 = 71%, 4 studies).

Conclusions
This systematic review and meta-analysis did not identify evidence of an association between 25(OH)D and RA risk, but there was notable between-study heterogeneity and a lack of precision. Investigations in large-scale prospective studies with long follow-up or suitably designed Mendelian randomisation studies with consideration of potential non-linear relationships are needed to determine whether vitamin D is involved in RA aetiology.
Child maltreatment and telomere length in middle and older age: retrospective cohort study of 141 748 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Zhou Ziyi , Lo Camilla K. M. , Chan Ko Ling , Chung Rachel S. Y. , Pell Jill P. , Minnis Helen , Shiels Paul G. , Ip Patrick , Ho Frederick K. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThere is evidence that child maltreatment is associated with shorter telomere length in early life.AimsThis study aims to examine if child maltreatment is associated with telomere length in middle- and older-age adults.MethodThis was a retrospective cohort study of 141 748 UK Biobank participants aged 37–73 years at recruitment. Leukocyte telomere length was measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and log-transformed and scaled to have unit standard deviation. Child maltreatment was recalled by participants. Linear regression was used to analyse the association.ResultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, participants with three or more types of maltreatment presented with the shortest telomere lengths (β = −0.05, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03; P < 0.0001), followed by those with two types of maltreatment (β = −0.02, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.00; P = 0.02), referent to those who had none. When adjusted for depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, the telomere lengths of participants with three or more types of maltreatment were still shorter (β = −0.04, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.02; P = 0.0008). The telomere lengths of those with one type of maltreatment were not significantly different from those who had none. When mutually adjusted, physical abuse (β = −0.05, 95% CI −0.07 to −0.03; P < 0.0001) and sexual abuse (β = −0.02, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.00; P = 0.02) were independently associated with shorter telomere length.ConclusionsOur findings showed that child maltreatment is associated with shorter telomere length in middle- and older-aged adults, independent of sociodemographic and mental health factors.
Observations of Oncologists on Treatment Selection With Interim Positron Emission Tomography–Adapted Approaches in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Real-World CONNECT Study
Authors: Parsons Susan K. , Yu Kristina S. , Liu Nicholas , Kumar Supriya , Fanale Michelle A. , Holmes Katie , Flores Carlos , Surinach Andy , Flora Darcy R. , Evens Andrew M. 
Published: March 2023

PURPOSE: We surveyed oncologists who treat classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) as part of the CONNECT study to understand the treatment decision‐making process, including the impact of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging. METHODS: US physicians self-identifying as oncologists, hematologists, or hematologists/oncologists with ≥2 years of practice experience who treated ≥1 adult with stage III/IV cHL in the frontline setting in the last year were surveyed (October 19-November 16, 2020). Physician demographics, guideline adherence, and PET/CT utilization, interpretation, and access barriers were assessed. RESULTS: In total, 301 physicians participated in the survey. Eighty-eight percent of physicians gave somewhat-to-significant consideration to NCCN guidelines. Most physicians (94%; n = 284) reported obtaining a PET/CT scan at diagnosis; of these physicians, 97% reported obtaining an interim PET/CT scan for stage III/IV cHL, with 65% typically obtaining an interim PET/CT scan after cycle 2. The Deauville 5-point scale (5PS) was the primary scoring system used to review PET/CT results by 62% of physicians, with a positive score defined as ≥3 by 44%, ≥4 by 37%, and ≥2 by 12% of physicians. Fifty-five percent of physicians reported difficulty in obtaining PET/CT scans. CONCLUSION: Although most physicians considered NCCN guidelines when treating patients with stage III/IV cHL, interim PET/CT scans after cycle 2 were not universally obtained. When PET/CT scans were obtained, Deauville 5PS scores were not always provided, and variability existed on what defined a positive score. These findings suggest that opportunities exist for education and improved PET-adapted treatment approaches.
Long-term Outcomes Following Adolescent Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Beamish Andrew J , Ryan Harper Elizabeth , Järvholm Kajsa , Janson Annika , Olbers Torsten 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Severe obesity in adolescence negatively impacts upon health and wellbeing. Lifestyle modifications do not usually achieve a sufficient degree or durability of weight loss to mitigate the risk of medical complications. In recent years, metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), already a well-established treatment for adults with severe obesity, has emerged as an option in adolescents. Controlled studies in this age group have demonstrated substantial and sustained weight loss, improvements in associated health parameters, and a safety profile surpassing that observed in adult patients. This review aims to present published data on the results of MBS in adolescents with a focus on long-term outcomes. Indications for bariatric surgery and aspects of timing in the young person's life are also presented, along with safety considerations and factors influencing patient selection for surgery. We conclude, predominantly from short- to medium-term outcomes data, that MBS is a safe and valuable therapeutic option for adolescents with severe obesity. Considering the poor health and social wellbeing prognosis in this group, MBS appears to be underutilized. The need for continued research, multiprofessional specialist provision, coherent contemporary clinical guidelines, and routine long-term follow-up in adolescents undergoing MBS is highlighted.
Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Somatostatin Receptor 2 Expression, Genetics, and Therapeutic Responses
Authors: Fischer Alessa , Kloos Simon , Maccio Umberto , Friemel Juliane , Remde Hanna , Fassnacht Martin , Pamporaki Christina , Eisenhofer Graeme , Timmers Henri J L M , Robledo Mercedes , Fliedner Stephanie M J , Wang Katharina , Maurer Julian , Reul Astrid , Zitzmann Kathrin , Bechmann Nicole , Žygienė Gintarė , Richter Susan , Hantel Constanze , Vetter Diana , Lehmann Kuno , Mohr Hermine , Pellegata Natalia S , Ullrich Martin , Pietzsch Jens , Ziegler Christian G , Bornstein Stefan R , Kroiss Matthias , Reincke Martin , Pacak Karel , Grossman Ashley B , Beuschlein Felix , Nölting Svenja 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) with pathogenic mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) are associated with a high metastatic risk. Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2)–dependent imaging is the most sensitive imaging modality for SDHB-related PPGLs, suggesting that SSTR2 expression is a significant cell surface therapeutic biomarker of such tumors.

Objective
Exploration of the relationship between SSTR2 immunoreactivity and SDHB immunoreactivity, mutational status, and clinical behavior of PPGLs. Evaluation of SSTR-based therapies in metastatic PPGLs.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort of PPGLs at 6 specialized Endocrine Tumor Centers in Germany, The Netherlands, and Switzerland. Patients with PPGLs participating in the ENSAT registry were included. Clinical data were extracted from medical records, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for SDHB and SSTR2 was performed in patients with available tumor tissue. Immunoreactivity of SSTR2 was investigated using Volante scores. The main outcome measure was the association of SSTR2 IHC positivity with genetic and clinical–pathological features of PPGLs.

Results
Of 202 patients with PPGLs, 50% were SSTR2 positive. SSTR2 positivity was significantly associated with SDHB- and SDHx-related PPGLs, with the strongest SSTR2 staining intensity in SDHB-related PPGLs (P = .01). Moreover, SSTR2 expression was significantly associated with metastatic disease independent of SDHB/SDHx mutation status (P &lt; .001). In metastatic PPGLs, the disease control rate with first-line SSTR-based radionuclide therapy was 67% (n = 22, n = 11 SDHx), and with first-line “cold” somatostatin analogs 100% (n = 6, n = 3 SDHx).

Conclusion
SSTR2 expression was independently associated with SDHB/SDHx mutations and metastatic disease. We confirm a high disease control rate of somatostatin receptor–based therapies in metastatic PPGLs.
Opioid-Sparing Multimodal Analgesia Use After Cesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study in 729 US Hospitals
Authors: Zanolli Nicole C. , Fuller Matthew E. , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Ohnuma Tetsu , Raghunathan Karthik , Habib Ashraf S. 
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND:
Optimizing analgesia after cesarean delivery is essential to quality of patient recovery. The American Society of Anesthesiologists and the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology recommend multimodal analgesia (MMA). However, little is known about clinical implementation of these guidelines after cesarean delivery under general anesthesia (GA). We performed this study to describe the use of MMA after cesarean delivery under GA in the United States and determine factors associated with use of MMA, variation in analgesia practice across hospitals, and trends in MMA use over time.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of women over 18 years who had a cesarean delivery under GA between 2008 and 2018 was conducted using the Premier Healthcare database (Premier Inc). The primary outcome was utilization of opioid-sparing MMA (osMMA), defined as receipt of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen with or without opioids and without the use of an opioid-combination drug. Any use of either agent within a combination preparation was not considered osMMA. The secondary outcome was use of optimal opioid-sparing MMA (OosMMA), defined as use of a local anesthetic technique such as truncal block or local anesthetic infiltration in addition to osMMA. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with use of osMMA, as well as variation across hospitals.

RESULTS:
A total of 130,946 patients were included in analysis. osMMA regimens were used in 11,133 patients (8.5%). Use of osMMA increased from 2.0% in 2008 to 18.8% in 2018. Black race (7.9% vs 9.3%; odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval {CI}] 0.87 [0.81–0.94]) and Hispanic ethnicity (8.6% vs 10.0%; OR, 0.86 [0.79–0.950]) were associated with less receipt of osMMA compared to White and non-Hispanic counterparts. Medical comorbidities were generally not associated with receipt of osMMA, although patients with preeclampsia were less likely to receive osMMA (9.0%; OR, 0.91 [0.85–0.98]), while those with a history of drug abuse (12.5%; OR, 1.42 [1.27–1.58]) were more likely to receive osMMA. There was moderate interhospital variability in the use of osMMA (intraclass correlation coefficient = 38%). OosMMA was used in 2122 (1.6%) patients, and utilization increased from 0.8% in 2008 to 4.1% in 2018.

CONCLUSIONS:
Variation in osMMA utilization was observed after cesarean delivery under GA in this cohort of US hospitals. While increasing trends in utilization of osMMA and OosMMA are encouraging, there is need for increased attention to postoperative analgesia practices after GA for cesarean delivery given low percentage of patients receiving osMMA and OosMMA.
Introduction: The Returns of Fascism
Authors: Feldman Leah , Mufti Aamir R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract“The Returns of Fascism” addresses the emergence of New Right political culture on a global scale, attending to the intersections in US, European, Russian, and Indian New Right movements and their relation to the history of fascisms and late capitalist thought forms, as well as their attack on humanist critique. This special issue argues that the topoi of crisis and catastrophe serve the globalization of the New Right's supremacist and majoritarian political culture as it transcends both the academy and the wider world.
Freedom: The Function of Criticism at All Times
Authors: Bové Paul A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiterary disciplines’ loss of integrity began at the end of the Cold War and accelerated after the financial crisis of 2008–09 because of internal changes responding to external desires along with direct pressures from money and power. Academics follow the desires of moneyed and state interests away from the formation of critical humanists, removing key social values of judgment and self-formation from the ideals of humanistic education. Following the nudges of neoliberal administrations and inventing their own methods and positions congenial to the holders of power and wealth, literary academics in the United States especially have facilitated their own weakness as disciplines with dire political consequences in an era of neo-authoritarianism.
Kinetics of Arf1 inactivation regulates Golgi organisation and function in non-adherent fibroblasts
Authors: B.R. Rajeshwari , Shah Nikita , Joshi Prachi , Madhusudan M. S. , Balasubramanian Nagaraj 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Arf1 belongs to the Arf family of small GTPases that localise at the Golgi and plasma membrane. Active Arf1 plays a crucial role in regulating Golgi organisation and function. In mouse fibroblasts, loss of adhesion triggers a consistent drop (∼50%) in Arf1 activation that causes the Golgi to disorganise but not fragment. In suspended cells, the trans-Golgi (GalTase) disperses more prominently than cis-Golgi (Man II), accompanied by increased active Arf1 (detected using GFP-ABD: ARHGAP10 Arf1 binding domain) associated with the cis-Golgi compartment. Re-adhesion restores Arf1 activation at the trans-Golgi as it reorganises. Arf1 activation at the Golgi is regulated by Arf1 Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GBF1, and BIG1/2. In non-adherent fibroblasts, the cis-medial Golgi provides a unique setting to test and understand the role GEF-mediated Arf1 activation has in regulating Golgi organisation. Labelled with Man II-GFP, non-adherent fibroblasts treated with increasing concentrations of Brefeldin-A (BFA) (which inhibits BIG1/2 and GBF1) or Golgicide A (GCA) (which inhibits GBF1 only) comparably decrease active Arf1 levels. They, however, cause a concentration-dependent increase in cis-medial Golgi fragmentation and fusion with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using selected BFA and GCA concentrations, we find a change in the kinetics of Arf1 inactivation could mediate this by regulating cis-medial Golgi localisation of GBF1. On loss of adhesion, a ∼50% drop in Arf1 activation over 120 min causes the Golgi to disorganise. The kinetics of this drop, when altered by BFA or GCA treatment causes a similar decline in Arf1 activation but over 10 min. This causes the Golgi to now fragment which affects cell surface glycosylation and re-adherent cell spreading. Using non-adherent fibroblasts this study reveals the kinetics of Arf1 inactivation, with active Arf1 levels, to be vital for Golgi organisation and function.
All-optical full-adder design based on photonic crystals using nonlinear effects
Authors: Talebzadeh Reza , Beiranvand Reza , Moayed Seyed Hossein 
Published: March 2023

All-optical logic devices are essential for realizing all-optical signal processing. A
full-adder is the basic building block of an arithmetic logic unit
used in all-optical signal processing systems. In this paper, we aim
to design an ultrafast and compact all-optical full-adder based on the
photonic crystal. In this structure, three main inputs are connected
to the three waveguides. Also, we have added one input waveguide to
create symmetry in the structure and to improve the performance of the
device. A linear point defect and two nonlinear rods of doped glass
and chalcogenide are used to control the light behavior. The designed
structure consists of 21×21 dielectric rods with a radius of
114 nm in a square cell and a lattice constant of
543.3 nm. Also, the area of the proposed structure is 130µm2, and the maximum delay time of the
proposed structure is about 1 ps, which indicates the minimum
data rate of 1 THz. The maximum normalized power for low states
and the minimum normalized power for high states are obtained as 25%
and 75%, respectively. These characteristics make the proposed
full-adder appropriate for high-speed data processing systems.
Circulating long non-coding RNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shobeiri Parnian , Alilou Sanam , Jaberinezhad Mehran , Zare Farshad , Karimi Nastaran , Maleki Saba , Teixeira Antonio L. , Perry George , Rezaei Nima 
Published: March 2023

Background
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been hypothesized that plasma exosomal lncRNAs may be used as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) biomarkers. In this systematic review, we compiled all studies on the subject to evaluate the accuracy of lncRNAs in identifying AD cases through meta-analysis.

Methods
A PRISMA-compliant systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for English publications till September 2022. We included all observational studies published which investigated the sensitivity and specificity of various lncRNAs in plasma samples of AD diagnosis. Our search strategy included lncRNA and all the related spelling and abbreviation variations combined with the keyword Alzheimer’s disease. Methodological quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines and the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-II) tool. The meta-analysis was carried out using the area under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) and sensitivity and specificity values to assess the accuracy of the identified lncRNAs in AD diagnosis. To account for the predicted heterogeneity of the study, a random-effects model was used. All the statistical analyses and visualizations were conducted using Stata 17.0 software.

Results
A total of seven studies (AD patients = 553, healthy controls = 513) were included in the meta-analysis. Three lncRNAs were upregulated (RNA BACE-AS1, RNA NEAT1, RNA GAS5), and one lncRNA (MALAT1) was downregulated in plasma samples of AD patients. RNA 51A and RNA BC200 were reported to have variable expression patterns. A lncRNA (RNA 17A) was not significantly different between AD and control groups. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC values of lncRNAs in identifying AD were (0.74; 95% CI [0.63, 0.82], I2 = 79.2%), (0.88; 95% CI [0.75, 0.94], I2 = 88.9%), and 0.86; 95% CI [0.82, 0.88], respectively. In addition, the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of the five individual lncRNAs in AD diagnosis was 20.

Conclusion
lncRNAs had high accuracy in identifying AD and must be seen as a promising diagnostic biomarker of the disease.
The Arts and the Teaching of History: Historical F(r)ictions, Penny Clark and Alan Sears (2020)
Authors: Olsson Rost Anna 
Published: March 2023

Review of: The Arts and the Teaching of History: Historical F(r)ictions, Penny Clark and Alan Sears (2020)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 297 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03051-512-6, h/bk, GBP 99.00, ISBN 978-3-030-51513-3, e-book, GBP 79.50
A Rare Case of a Gastric Ulcer Causing Left Gastric Artery Pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Roma Katerina , Sieck Blake , Mikhael Tatiana , Naik Katrina , Wahid Shahid 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is an uncommon but can be a lethal presentation of a pseudoaneurysm because a rupture is associated with a 40%–80% mortality rate. We report a rare case of left gastric artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to peptic ulcer disease presenting as an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.
Autonomous Anomaly Detection System for Crime Monitoring and Alert Generation
Authors: Kukade Jyoti , Soner Swapnil , Pandya Sagar 
Published: March 2023

Nowadays violence in society impacts more than any weapon used by people. Over the last few years, autonomous vehicles have been used to observe and recognize the abnormality in the behavior of people and classifying them as a crime or not. Detecting crime on live stream is a classification of any event in a crime or not a crime and generating alerts to designated authorities which in turn can take required actions and ensure the security assessment of the city. Such kind of effective techniques for live video stream processing in computer vision is the need of the hour. There are many techniques that can be used, while Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and OpenCV provide the most accurate prediction for this task. OpenCV is used for the task of object detection in computer vision which will take the input from either drone or any autonomous vehicle. LSTM is used to classify any event or behavior in crime or not. This live stream is also encrypted for more security. To make this system more secure with the use of a security algorithm. This system uses the Elliptic curve algorithm to protect data from any kind of manipulation.
Through its ability to sense its surroundings, an autonomous vehicle is able to operate itself and execute critical activities without the need for human interaction. Video surveillance of computer vision technology can be used to take care of the security of the city by observing the crowd as well as individual activities. Much crowd-based crimes like mob lynching and individual crimes like murder, burglary, terrorism can be protected with advanced deep learning-based Anamoly detection techniques. Machine learning model use dataset for learning is taken from different sources specific for crime detection with the 90% accuracy.