bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of market participation on smallholder vegetable farmers' wellbeing: Evidence from matching approach in Eastern India
Authors: Dey Shiladitya , Singh Piyush K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study identifies determinants of vegetable farmers' market participation and evaluates their impact on households' welfare. In this study, we collected 175 cross‐sectional household data and employed a probit regression model to identify the determinants of vegetable farmers' market participation. The study estimates the impact of market participation on households' income and per capita consumption using the propensity score matching approach (PSM). Subsequently, the study used the endogenous switch regression (ESR) model to control sample selection bias and unobserved heterogeneity. ESR also evaluates the robustness of PSM outcomes. Results from PSM and ESR approaches suggest that vegetable market participation positively and significantly impacts smallholders' income and consumption expenditure. The study rejects the null hypothesis that vegetable market participation does not significantly impact farmers' welfare. Results show that vegetable market participation increases the farmers' monthly income and annual per capita consumption expenditure on average by Indian rupee (INR) 8360 and INR 26,410, respectively. Findings also indicate that household size, distance to market, off‐farm income, access to training, price information, vehicle ownership, and storage systems are critical determinants of vegetable farmers' market participation. Identified determinants may support policymakers in designing suitable agricultural marketing policies to reduce market entry barriers and motivate farmers for market participation. [EconLit Citations: Q13, D60].
Radical Cascade Cyclization of Alkene‐Tethered Compounds: Versatile Approach towards Ring‐Fused Polycyclic Structures
Authors: Liu Han , Wang Lei , Yu Jin‐Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRing‐fused polycyclic structures widely exist in a myriad of natural products and pharmaceutical molecules. Consequently, the construction of such structures from readily available substrates becomes an important researching topic in organic synthesis. Triggered by the addition of radicals to the (activated or unactivated) double bonds in alkenes, the subsequent intramolecular addition/cyclization leads to polycyclic compounds. Following this procedure, a variety of functionalized ring‐fused structures were formed. Great achievements have been witnessed recently. Those works provided efficient, atom economy, and operational simple approaches toward versatile functionalized polycyclic structures from readily available alkene‐based substrates. Here, we summarized the recent achievements on the formation of ring‐fused polycyclic structures via the radical‐triggered cascade reactions of alkenes. Construction of polycyclic structures with no less than 3 fused rings developed during the last decade were included in this Review, corresponding mechanisms were also discussed.
Low glucose induced Alzheimer's disease‐like biochemical changes in human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neurons is due to dysregulated O‐GlcNAcylation
Authors: Huang Chia‐Wei , Rust Nicholas C. , Wu Hsueh‐Fu , Yin Amelia , Zeltner Nadja , Yin Hang , Hart Gerald W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionSporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) is the leading type of dementia. Brain glucose hypometabolism, along with decreased O‐GlcNAcylation levels, occurs before the onset of symptoms and correlates with pathogenesis. Heretofore, the mechanisms involved and the roles of O‐GlcNAcylation in sAD pathology largely remain unknown due to a lack of human models of sAD.MethodsHuman cortical neurons were generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and treated with glucose reduction media.ResultsWe found a narrow window of glucose concentration that induces sAD‐like phenotypes in PSC‐derived neurons. With our model, we reveal that dysregulated O‐GlcNAc, in part through mitochondrial dysfunction, causes the onset of sAD‐like changes. We demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting O‐GlcNAcase in alleviating AD‐like biochemical changes.DiscussionOur results suggest that dysregulated O‐GlcNAc might be a direct molecular link between hypometabolism and sAD‐like alternations. Moreover, this model can be exploited to explore molecular processes and for drug development.HIGHLIGHTS
Lowering glucose to a critical level causes AD‐like changes in cortical neurons.
Defective neuronal structure and function were also recapitulated in current model.
Dysregulated O‐GlcNAcylation links impaired glucose metabolism to AD‐like changes.
Mitochondrial abnormalities correlate with O‐GlcNAcylation and precede AD‐like phenotype.
Our model provides a platform to study sAD as a metabolic disease in human neurons.
Divergent Total Syntheses of (+)‐Vulgarisins A–E
Authors: Xu Kaixiang , Mu Shan , Rao Huijuanzi , Hu Jialei , Ding Hanfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe asymmetric total syntheses of (+)‐vulgarisins A–E, which share a rare and highly oxygenated [5‐6‐4‐5] tetracyclic core structure that were isolated fromP. vulgarisLinn., have been described for the first time in a divergent manner. Key transformations include: 1) a catalytic asymmetric intramolecular cyclopropanation to forge the A ring bearing desired stereochemistry at C14; 2) a one‐pot borylation/conjugate addition process for creation of the C1−C11 bond; 3) a Wolff ring contraction to assemble the bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane subunit (CD rings); and 4) a stereocontrolled pinacol cyclization for construction of the central B ring of the natural products.
Suspension of a single sphere in a stirred tank with transitional flow
Authors: Wang Jianghao , Huang Fenglei , Zhang Kun , Wang Chao , Li Zhipeng , Gao Zhengming , Derksen Jos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe lift‐off characteristics of a single spherical particle in a stirred tank with transitional flow generated by a Rushton impeller have been explored in detail by using image capturing and processing techniques. We found three kinds of typical particle suspension motions, namely, the lightest PMMA particle first moves upward from the bottom center of the tank to a certain height and then spirals up to the impeller, the heavier POM particle rises to a certain height vertically and then it spirals down to the tank bottom, the still heavier PTFE and glass particles jump at random when they are rolling irregularly on the tank bottom. The single‐phase flow field of the stirred tank was measured by using 2D‐PIV technique to address the mechanism of the particle lift‐off. The random distribution of the regions with larger liquid velocity closely above the tank bottom might be the reason why the PTFE and glass particles were lifted off randomly. As for the PMMA and POM particles being lifted from the bottom center and then stagnating at a certain height, the bulk flow dominates the particle suspension.
Genetic variation and population structure of a widely distributed damselfly (Ischnura senegalensis)
Authors: Jiang Bin , Zhang Jiang , Bai Xinrui , Zhang Yongmei , Yao Yu , Li Jia , Yu Guozhi , He Shulin , Sun Yang , Mikolajewski Dirk J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIschnura senegalensis Rambur, 1842 is among the most widespread damselfly species in the world. Unlike dragonflies with strong migration abilities, I. senegalensis have limited dispersing abilities. Gene flow among I. senegalensis populations may be greatly influenced by anthropogenic disturbance, fragmented suitable habitats, sea straits, or even global warming. In this study, to investigate the genetic diversity of I. senegalensis populations, we sequenced and collected 498 cytochrome oxidase I sequences across the Old World. Haplotype network analysis showed 51 haplotypes and I. senegalensis could be grouped into four regions (Afrotropical region, Oriental region, main Islands of Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands), each of which contains different dominant haplotypes. Based on molecular variance analysis, we found that populations from the Afrotropical region have quite a low gene flow with the Asian populations (except Yemen). Furthermore, rice cultivation may aid the dispersion of I. senegalensis in the oriental region. Populations from the Ryukyu Islands show the highest genetic diversity, which may be due to the geological separation among islands. Our results prove that I. senegalensis has great genetic diversity among different populations across the world.
Attenuation of phenobarbital‐induced cytochrome P450 expression in carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatitis in mice models
Authors: Fujino Chieri , Kuzu Taiki , Kubo Yukine , Hayashi Kurumi , Ueshima Satoshi , Katsura Toshiya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCertain pathological conditions, such as inflammation, are known to affect basal cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression by modulating transcriptional regulation, and the pharmacokinetics of drugs can vary among patients. However, changes in drug‐induced CYP expression under pathological conditions have not been elucidated in detail. Here, we investigated the effects of hepatic inflammation and injury on phenobarbital‐induced expression of CYP isoforms in mice. Phenobarbital was administered once as a CYP inducer in the carbon tetrachloride‐induced hepatitis model mice. The mRNA expression levels of Cyp3a11 and Cyp2b10 in the liver and small intestine were measured using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The enzymatic activity of CYP3A in liver S9 was evaluated using midazolam as the substrate. Phenobarbital increased the mRNA expression of Cyp3a11 and Cyp2b10 in the liver of healthy mice, but not in the small intestine. Increased mRNA expression of hepatic Cyp3a11 and Cyp2b10 by phenobarbital was significantly suppressed in the hepatitis model mice. Hepatitis also suppressed the increased CYP3A enzymatic activity induced by phenobarbital in liver S9, consistent with the results of Cyp3a11 mRNA expression. These results suggest that the inducibility of CYP by phenobarbital may vary in patients with hepatitis, indicating that pharmacokinetic drug–drug interactions can be altered under certain pathological conditions.
Causal effect estimation for multivariate continuous treatments
Authors: Chen Juan , Zhou Yingchun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCausal inference is widely used in various fields, such as biology, psychology, and economics, etc. In observational studies, balancing the covariates is an important step in estimating the causal effect. This study extends the one‐dimensional entropy balancing method to multiple dimensions to balance the covariates. Both parametric and nonparametric methods are proposed to estimate the causal effect of multivariate continuous treatments and theoretical properties of the two estimations are provided. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the proposed method is better than other methods in various cases. Finally, the proposed method is applied to analyze the impact of the duration and frequency of smoking on medical expenditure. The results from the parametric method indicate that the frequency of smoking increases medical expenditure while the duration of smoking does not. The results from the nonparametric method indicate that there is a short‐term downward trend and then a long‐term upward trend as the duration and frequency of smoking increase.
Strategies for controlling afucosylation in monoclonal antibodies during upstream manufacturing
Authors: Rish Adam J. , Siddiquee Khandaker , Huang Zhuangrong , Xu Jianlin , Anderson Carl A. , Borys Michael C. , Khetan Anurag 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCore fucosylation is a highly prevalent and significant feature of N‐glycosylation in therapeutic monoclonal antibodies produced by mammalian cells where its absence (afucosylation) plays a key role in treatment safety and efficacy. Notably, even slight changes in the level of afucosylation can have a considerable impact on the antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Therefore, implementing control over afucosylation levels is important in upstream manufacturing to maintain consistent quality across batches of product, since standard downstream processing does not change afucosylation. In this review, the influences and strategies to control afucosylation are presented. In particular, there is emphasis on upstream manufacturing culture parameters and media supplementation, as these offer particular advantages as control strategies over alternative approaches such as cell line engineering and chemical inhibitors. The review discusses the relationship between the afucosylation influences and the underlying cellular metabolism to promote increased process understanding. Also, briefly highlighted is the value of empirical and mechanistic models in evaluating and designing control methods for core fucosylation.
Associations of deep medullary veins with vascular risk factors, laboratory indicators, and cerebral small vessel disease: A population‐based study
Authors: Tian Yu , Li Shan , Yang Yingying , Cai Xueli , Jing Jing , Wang Suying , Meng Xia , Mei Lerong , Jin Aoming , Yao Dongxiao , Wei Tiemin , Wang Yongjun , Pan Yuesong , Wang Yilong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveDeep medullary veins (DMVs) were not considered a typical marker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) due to limited understanding of their involvement in pathology of CSVD. This study aimsto investigate potential vascular risk factors for DMVs and their associations with CSVD.MethodsIn total, 1909 community‐dwelling participants were included in this analysis. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected. DMV scores (0–18) werecalculated as the sum of bilateral frontal, parietal, and occipital regional scores using a semiquantitative visual scale (0–3). The presence, total burden, and imaging markers of CSVD were assessed. Linear regression analyses were conducted to explore potential vascular factors for DMV scores. Binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations of DMV scores with CSVD and its markers.ResultsMean age was 61.8 (SD 6.5) years, and 1027 (53.8%) of participants were men. The median DMV scores were14 (IQR 12–16). DMV scores wererelated to age, male sex, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, hypercholesterolaemia, atrial fibrillation, current drinking, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein, hemoglobin A1c, leukocytes, lymphocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets (p < .05). DMV scores wereassociated with the presence and total burden of CSVD (Rothwell's scale), modified white matter hyperintensity burden, and enlarged perivascular spaces in centrum semiovale (p < .05). However, these associations between DMV scores and CSVD disappeared after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionSeveral conventional vascular factors were associated with DMVs. The relationship between DMVs and CSVD was vulnerable, suggesting decreased visible and discontinuous DMVs may differ mechanistically from traditional markers of CSVD.
SGLT2 inhibitors and autophagy in diabetes
Authors: Yaribeygi Habib , Maleki Mina , Atkin Stephen L. , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAutophagy is a physiological event in mammalian cells to promote cell survival and efficiency in tissues, but it may turn to be a pathological process in disease conditions such as in diabetes. Chronic hyperglycemia induces aberrant autophagy and promotes cellular death as a main underlying cause of diabetes‐related complications. Therefore, autophagy‐modifying therapy may be of value to prevent the development of complications. Sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a class of newly introduced antidiabetic drugs that achieve normoglycemia through causing overt glycosuria. There is evidence that these drugs may have pleiotropic extra‐glycemic benefits, but their effect on the autophagy process is unclear; therefore, this review was undertaken to clarify the possible effects of SGLT2is on autophagy.
The ultrastructure of the apical organ of the Müller's larva of the tiger flatworm Prostheceraeus crozieri
Authors: Dittmann Isabel L. , Grosbusch Alexandra L. , Nagler Magdalena , Salvenmoser Willi , Zankel Armin , Telford Maximilian J. , Egger Bernhard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe tiger flatworm Prostheceraeus crozieri (Polycladida) develops via an eight‐lobed, and three‐eyed planktonic Müller's larva. This larva has an apical organ, ultrastructural details of which remain elusive due to a scarcity of studies. The evolution and possible homology of the polyclad larva with other spiralian larvae is still controversial. Here, we provide ultrastructural data and three‐dimensional reconstructions of the apical organ of P. crozieri. The apical organ consists of an apical tuft complex and a dorso‐apical tuft complex. The apical tuft complex features a central tuft of five long cilia, which emerge from four or five individual cells that are themselves encircled by two anchor cells. The necks of six multibranched gland cells are sandwiched between ciliated tuft cell bodies and anchor cells. The proximal parts of the ciliated cell bodies are in contact with the lateral brain neuropil via gap junctions. Located dorsally of the apical tuft complex, the dorso‐apical tuft complex is characterized by several long cilia of sensory neurons, these emerge from an epidermal lumen and are closely associated with several gland cells that form a crescent apically around the dorsal anchor cell, and laterally touch the brain neuropil. Such ciliated sensory neurons emerging from a ciliated lumen are reminiscent of ampullary cells of mollusc and annelid larvae; a similar cell type can be found in the hoplonemertean decidula larva. We hypothesize that the ampullary‐like cells and the tuft‐forming sensory cells in the apical organs of these spiralian larvae could be homologous.
Obesity and vascular complication in percutaneous transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve insertion
Authors: Hosseini Motahar , Lahr Brian D. , Greason Kevin L. , Arghami Arman , Gulati Rajiv , Eleid Mackram F. , Crestanello Juan A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundObesity has been associated with an increased risk of vascular complication during percutaneous coronary intervention, but there are no data on the risk of vascular complication during percutaneous transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve insertion (TAVI).ObjectivesWe hypothesized there would be a similar increased risk associated with TAVI.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 1176 patients who received percutaneous transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve insertion from September 2015 to September 2020. All patients received 1) preoperative computed tomoraphy angiography assessment of the abdomen and pelvis to delineate iliofemoral artery anatomy, 2) ultrasound‐guided percutaneous femoral arterial access, and 3) pre‐closure of the delivery sheath femoral access site. Vascular complication was recorded based on definitions set forth by Valve Academic Research Consortium 3.ResultsThe median age of patients was 81 years, and 60% were men. The median body mass index (BMI) was 29 kg/m2 (range, 11–67), and 91 (8%) patients had a value ≥40 kg/m2 (i.e., morbid obesity). Delivery sheath size was 14‐French in 859 (73%) patients, 16‐French in 311 (26%), and 18‐French in 6 (1%). Vascular complication occurred in 53 (5%) patients, including 39 (7%) among the first half of procedures and 14 (2%) among the second half (p < 0.001). When stratified by obesity status (BMI < or ≥30 kg/m2, p < 0.001), the complication rate was 4% in nonobese patients and 5% in obese patients. Multivariable analysis showed no overall association between risk of vascular complication and BMI categories (p = 0.583)BMI continuous values (p = 0.529), or sheath size (p = 0.217).ConclusionsObesity is not associated with a vascular complication during percutaneous transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve insertion. The operation should not be denied in obese patients.
Temperature management using an intervascular cooling device for a COVID‐19 patient with refractory hyperthermia
Authors: Yoshino Yuya , Kyo Michihito , Ohshimo Shinichiro , Shime Nobuaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCOVID‐19 is a life‐threatening disease complicated by hyperinflammation followed by multi‐organ failure. Although refractory hyperthermia in COVID‐19 contributes to an unfavorable prognosis, little is known about effective interventions. We present a case of successful temperature management using an intravascular cooling device in a patient with COVID‐19 who developed refractory hyperthermia.
A case of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord diagnosed with difficulty due to a history of treatment for pyogenic spondylitis
Authors: Shimokawa Yoshiki , Ishikawa Yuki , Okawa Teiki , Higashihara Mana , Tokimura Fumiaki , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi , Hayakawa Kentaro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis of spinal cord subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is difficult, especially in pre‐existing lower extremity impairment cases. We report a case of progressive SCD diagnosed after severe anemia. The peripheral symptoms of SCD other than gait disturbance should also be well understood and given close attention.
Accelerated Solid Phase Glycan Synthesis: ASGS
Authors: Bakhatan Yasmeen , Alshanski Israel , Chan Chieh‐Kai , Lo Wei‐Chih , Lu Po‐Wei , Liao Pin‐Hsuan , Wang Cheng‐Chung , Hurevich Mattan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolid phase synthesis is the most dominant approach for the preparation of biological oligomers as it enables the introduction of monomers iteratively. Accelerated solid phase synthesis of biological oligomers is crucial for chemical biology, but its application to the synthesis of oligosaccharides is not trivial. Solid‐phase oligosaccharide assembly is a slow process performed in a variety of conditions and temperatures, requires an inert gas atmosphere, and demands high excess of glycosyl donors. The process is done in special synthesizers and poor mixing of the solid support increases the risk of diffusion‐independent hydrolysis of the activated donors. High shear stirring is a new way to accelerate solid phase synthesis. The efficient mixing ensures that reactive intermediates can diffuse faster to the solid support thereby increasing the kinetics of the reactions. We report here a stirring‐based accelerated solid‐phase oligosaccharide synthesis. We harnessed high shear mixing to perform diffusion‐dependent glycosylation in a short reaction time. We minimized the use of glycosyl donors and the need to use an inert atmosphere. We showed that by tailoring the deprotection and glycosylation conditions to the same temperature, assembly steps are performed continuously, and full glycosylation cycles are completed in minutes.
A Non‐Halogenated Polymer Donor Based on Imide Unit for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency Nearly 16%
Authors: Zhang Liu , Zhang Zhiliang , Liang Haiyan , Guo Xia , Zhang Maojie 
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive SummaryNon‐halogenated polymers have great potential in the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their advantages in the manufacturing process. However, high‐performance donor polymers are limited to a small amount of building blocks. Herein, we utilize as building block 4H‐dithieno[3,2‐e:2',3'‐g]isoindole‐4,6(5H)‐dione (DTID) to design and synthesize a relevant non‐halogenated polymer PBTID for active layers in OSCs. PBTID exhibits a strong absorption in the wavelength range of 400—600 nm with a distinctly wide optical bandgap of 2.06 eV, a low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of −5.53 eV. In addition, this polymer has a very strong aggregation effect in solution and could form nanoscale fibrils in the neat film. Consequently, when blended with the non‐fullerene acceptor Y6, the devices achieve a prominent PCE of 15.8% with a high Voc of 0.87 V. The Voc and PCE values are one of the highest values in the non‐halogenated polymer donor‐based OSCs reported to date.