bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delirium as an Indication for CTB in older people: the Who, the Why and the What?
Authors: Ebrahimi Somayeh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose Delirium is a clinical diagnosis and under-recognised and cerebral imaging is commonly used in the work-up of delirium. We sought to indentify the prevalence of delirium among older patients undergoing computed tomography of the brain (CTB), whether recognised at the time of CTB request and subsequent management and in-hospital outcomes of patients with confirmed delirium.
Methods We assembled an inception cohort of consecutive patients aged ≥65 years who underwent CTB over a 4 month period (September-December 2019). A definite episode of acute delirium was based on diagnosis by the treating medical team and documented in the clinical notes. All patients with a confirmed diagnosis of delirium were included in more detailed analysis to investigate the potential aetiology, pathology and subsequent outcomes.
Results Amongst 2122 included patients, mean age was 80 years (standard deviation (SD) 8 years), range 65-97 years, and 50% were male. In total, 10% (211/2122) patients undergoing CTB had delirium; 90% (1911/2125) had CT brain requested for an indication other than delirium, most often head injury or suspected stroke. Amongst those with confirmed delirium, 9% (19/211) CTB demonstrated acute (‘positive’) findings (haemorrhagic/ischemic stroke, infection, neoplasm and acute soft tissue injury). Changes in management most often include further imaging or consultation with another team.
Conclusion While delirium or its features are not common indications for CTB in older people, acute changes on CTB are commoner in those with high-risk features, and may change management. Where treatment is unlikely to change, low-value procedures should be avoided.
Practice impact statement:
Future work is needed to address the utility of neuroimaging in delirium in diagnosing the underlying cause of delirium or changes that may reflect a higher vulnerability to delirium.
Key innovation triggers widespread radiation of the genus Medicago
Authors: Liu Zhipeng , Ren Guangpeng , Wu Shuang , Zhou Qiang , Yang Jinli , Liu Ai , Hu HJongyin , Qu Kunjing , Gu Jiahao , Li Mingyu , Liu Jianquan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Around 90 species of the genus Medicago, including important forage species (e.g., alfalfa), are widely distributed across Asia, Europe, and Africa. The evolutionary processes that allow its widespread radiation remain largely unknown. In this study, we constructed well-solved phylogenies for the genus based on a majority of known species using both genome-scale nuclear and plastome data. We demonstrated that spiral pods, which arose in the late Miocene in the ancient Mediterranean region, were likely a key innovation in this group and contributed its widespread radiation by decreasing extinction rates and facilitating long-distance dispersal so that species could occupy new niches. With repeated niche shifts, we showed that perennials evolved from annuals multiple times. We further revealed extensive hybridizations within the group that may have increased the ability of species to adapt during the colonization of novel habitats. These results provide an exceptional example of a widespread radiation of a globally important group driven by trait innovation and hybridization that are accompanied by niche expansion and life history shifts.
Synthesizing GGBS-LiOH based geopolymer with low embodied energy as a new alternative for construction
Authors: Srivast Gaurav , Singh Vikash 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) is a promising alternative binder of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) due to its potential to reduce CO2 emissions and promote efficient waste recycling in the construction industry. However, the limited cementing capability of pure GGBS when hydrated with water necessitates the use of alkaline activators to enhance its hydration behavior. The present work establishes the use of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as an effective alkaline activator for GGBS. As LiOH can be synthesized from the electrolytes of used lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the study establishes the use of two waste products to potentially reduce the carbon footprint of the construction industry. Experimental results demonstrate that a 10M LiOH solution significantly enhances the cumulative heat evolution of GGBS (GGBS with DI water = 3.53 J/g, GGBS with LiOH = 127.59 J/g). LiOH activated GGBS exhibits the presence of hydration products such as LiASH and CSH from day 1 of hydration, while GGBS mixed with DI water shows CSH peaks only after 28 days. TGA results from long-term hydration studies indicate that LiOH activated GGBS forms a 73% higher quantity of hydration products as compared to cement paste samples. Additionally, LiOH activated GGBS demonstrates 42% and 46% higher compressive strength than GGBS activated with NaOH and Na2SiO3 at 7 and 28 days, respectively. Embodied energy analysis reveals that geopolymer prepared with GGBS and recycled LiOH leads to equivalent CO2 emissions reduction of ∼ 51% compared to NaOH based geopolymer and ∼ 55.50% compared to cement concrete
Bacterial etiologies of Diarrhea in Children Under 5 Years from Mukuru informal settlement and their Antimicrobial Sensitivity Profiles
Authors: Kiiru Susan , Maina John , Mwaniki John , Songoro Edinah , Kariuki Samuel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
In Kenya, diarrhoeal disease is the third leading cause of child mortality after Malaria and Pneumonia, accounting for nearly 100 deaths daily. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Mukuru informal settlements to determine the diarrhoea-causing bacteria and their ASTs to provide data essential for implementing appropriate intervention measures.
Methods
Diarrheagenic children (≤ 5 years) were recruited from outpatient clinics of Municipal City Council, Mukuru kwa Reuben, Mary Mother Mission, and Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Nairobi. A total of 219 stool samples were collected from the children between May 2021 and August 2021. Stool culture was done on MacConkey and Salmonella Shigella Agar, while the recovered bacteria were identified using VITEK®2GNID and PCR, and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) was done using VITEK®2AST-GN83.
Results
At least one bacterial organism was recovered from each of the 213 (97%) participants, with 115( 56%) participants having only one bacterial type isolated, 90( 43%) with two types of bacteria, and 2(1%) with three types of bacteria recovered. The most dominant bacteria recovered included; Escherichia coli (35.5%), Enterobacter spp (27.8%), Klebsiella spp (11%), and Citrobacter spp (4.7%). Potentially pathogenic isolates such as Salmonella 7 (2%), Proteus mirabilis 16 (6%), Providencia alcalifaciens 1 (0.3 %), and Shigella16 (4.7%) were also detected. Isolates such as Pantoea spp 0.67%( 2), Raoultella planticola 0.33%( 1), and Kluyvera 2%( 6) rarely reported but implicated with diarrhoeal disease were also recovered. Ampicillin, cefazolin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were the least effective antimicrobials at 64%, 57%, and 55% resistance, respectively, while meropenem(99%), amikacin (99%), tazobactam piperacillin (96%), and cefepime (95%) were the most effective. Overall 33( 21%) of all enterics recovered were multidrug-resistant ( MDR).
Conclusion
Infection with diarrhoeagenic bacteria is prevalent in children in the Mukuru settlement. The strains were resistant to the commonly used antibiotics, thus narrowing the treatment options for diarrheal disease.
Correlation between acupuncture dose and pregnancy outcomes in women with Polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: a systematic review
Authors: Li YiTing , Yang Han , Huang Lei , Liu Jia Jia , Tao Xin Yue , Li Chao Liang , Zheng Xiao Yan , Liang Fan Rong , Tian Xiao Ping , Yang Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
More and more studies focused on the efficacy of acupuncture on pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). However, the current relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) drew different conclusions, which may be related to different doses of acupuncture.
Objective
To systematically review RCTs to determine whether acupuncture has a dose-dependent effect on pregnancy outcomes in patients with PCOS undergoing IVF-ET.
Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to February 16th, 2023. The acupuncture dose of eligible studies was extracted, then categorized into high, medium, and low dose according to the results of the scoring system. Clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) was regarded as the primary outcome. Finally, the dose-dependent relationship of acupuncture in improving pregnancy outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET was analyzed.
Results
A total of 953 subjects met the eligibility criteria in 12 RCTs were included. Among them were two studies for low dose, four studies for medium dose, and six studies for high dose. It showed that there were six RCTs in the high-dose group [100.00%] (6/6) reported positive in CPR, no RCT in the medium-dose group [0.00%] (0/4), and one RCT in the low-dose group [50.00%] (1/2). The quality of studies was low, 50.00% (6/12) studies were assessed as low risk, 16.66% (2/12) studies were some concerns, and 33.33% (4/12) studies were high risk.
Conclusion
It suggests a trend that higher acupuncture doses showed better outcomes in PCOS patients undergoing IVF-ET. However, no existing clinical evidence has directly compared the efficacy of different acupuncture doses. In the future, direct evidence from high-quality studies will be supposed.
Trial registration
The systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/), and the registration number is CRD42023400187.
RAS-p110α signalling in macrophages is required for effective inflammatory response and resolution of inflammation
Authors: Castellano Esther , Rosell Alejandro , Krygowska Agata , Alcón Marta Alcón Pérez , Voisin Mathieu-Benoit , de Paz Juan , Rajeeve Vinothini , Berral-González Alberto , Cuesta Cristina , Swinyard Ottilie , Gabandé-Rodriguez Enrique , Downward Julian , Rivas Javier De Las , Cutillas Pedro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Macrophages play a critical role in the body's inflammatory response, and their functions are tightly regulated to ensure optimal immune system function. Here we show that RAS-p110α signalling, a pathway crucially involved in several biological processes and key for tumorigenesis, also exerts regulatory control over two critical aspects of the inflammatory response: monocyte extravasation during the initial stages of the inflammatory response and lysosomal function during the later stages. Disruption of this pathway in a genetically engineered mouse model, or through pharmacological intervention, leads to impaired inflammatory responses and delays resolution, consequently fostering the emergence of more severe and deleterious acute inflammatory reactions in vivo. Our findings shed light on a previously unknown role of the p110α isoform in the regulation of immune inflammatory responses in macrophages, providing a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex regulation of macrophage function in this process. Importantly, given recent evidence of the feasibility of activating p110α with small molecules, our results propose that the RAS-p110α pathway could serve as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of chronic inflammation. This potential therapeutic avenue holds great promise for alleviating inflammatory disorders and fostering a better quality of life for patients suffering from such conditions.
Investigating Mobility Patterns through Crowd-sourced Activity Data
Authors: Castiglione Marisdea , Cipriani Ernesto , Gemma Andrea , Nigro Marialisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Investigating trip purposes represents an important phase of travel demand modeling which allows to correctly infer mobility patterns and to better understand travel behavior. Until now, researchers collected information on the motivation for performing a trip mainly through travel surveys. However, traditional methods of acquiring this type of information are challenging and expensive to implement; therefore, they are typically performed infrequently and with low sampling rates. These two occurrences do not always allow for adequate representation of the heterogeneity of trip purposes. This paper aims to investigate trip purposes through a novel approach that combines GPS-based data, such as Floating Car Data (FCD), and aggregated activity data available through open-source platforms, such as Google Popular Times (GPT), to better understand travel behavior.
Material and Methods
This research employs clustering techniques to categorize FCD into Home-Work trips and Not Home-Work trips. The latter category is further examined based on arrival times and stopover durations. This exploration utilizes activity patterns derived from GPT data, encompassing daily visit distribution and average visit duration obtained from user-shared mobile phone geo-traces.
Results
The methodology has been applied to a FCD dataset containing trips carried out between September and November 2020 in the EUR district of Rome, Italy. Through our approach, we generate 96 Origin-Destination matrices for Home-Work and Not Home-Work trips. By analyzing GPT data, 6 distinct activity patterns are identified within the study area, which allows for further segmentation of the Not Home-Work matrices.
Conclusions
This research presents an innovative method of inferring trip purposes for travel demand modeling. Exploiting the integration of FCD and GPT data, it enhances the representation of trip heterogeneity and the understanding of mobility patterns compared to traditional survey methods. Although challenges remain in handling purpose assignments for specific clusters, the comparison of computed metrics with existing literature results validates the approach reliability and aligns with expected behavior.
Clinical Relevance
Not applicable
Enhanced Range Doppler Mapping Algorithm for Passive GNSS based radar Rerial Target Detection
Authors: Zhang Zhuxian , Zheng Yu , Zheng Linhua , Zhu Peidong , Nie Junwei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Passive GNSS based radar is a developing non-contact and emerging remote sensing technology in recent decade. However, due to the problems of weak signal and low resolution, the application of such technology in remote sensing application is very limited. This paper considers GNSS based radar detection of air object, and puts forward the signal-to-noise ratio improvement scheme of range doppler map (RDM) to improve the detection ability. In this paper, bi-static GNSS radar model is employed. The RDM of air target is obtained on the basis of direct and reflected signals. The proposed RDM SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) improvement algorithm mainly uses the autocorrelation characteristics of GNSS code to purify and reduce the noise of GNSS signal, so as to improve resolution of RDM and accuracy of target motion state solution. Compared with the current noise reduction method, which mostly depends on the prior conditions such as background environment, the proposed algorithm is more applicable, as it is mainly based on the characteristics of the signal. The RDM image is obtained by simulating moving target detection.In the condition of input signal CNR(Carrier-to-noise ration) is 35dB, the algorithm shows that the image information entropy after noise reduction is 63.23% for GPS signal and 71.69% for Beidou signal which lower than that before noise reduction.
Age-dependent normal values for the 'Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised’
Authors: Lennep Marinde van , Lansink Fréderique , Benninga Marc A. , Wijk Michiel P. van 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
The Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire Revised (I-GERQ-R) is used to score and evaluate gastroesophageal reflux (GER) related symptoms such as regurgitation, irritability and crying. A cut-off of ≥ 16 has been suggested to discriminate between GER and GER-disease. However, age-specific normal values were not assessed. Aim of this study was to determine age-specific normal values in healthy infants.
Study design:
Cross-sectional survey in healthy infants aged 0–24 months during their regular check-ups at well-baby clinics and through an online questionnaire using the I-GERQ-R. Infants with a history of (suspected) GER-disease were excluded. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated to explore age-related trends.
Results
A total of 979 healthy infants (47% male, median age 6 [0–24] months) were included. Median I-GERQ-R score, regardless of age, was 6 (range: 0–27). I-GERQ-R scores significantly decreased with age (rs=-0.569, p < 0.001). Of all infants, 49 (5%) had a score of ≥ 16 which previously has been considered ‘suggestive of GER-disease’. Scores of ≥ 16 were most frequently seen in newborns aged 0–4 months (16% in 0–1 months to 4% in 3–4 months) and disappeared after the age of 16 months. High scores in the first months of life were caused by a high prevalence of regurgitation, colic-associated symptoms and hiccup frequency.
Conclusion
Age-dependent normal values for the I-GERQ-R show that reflux symptoms decrease in the first 24 months of life in healthy infants. Scores of ≥ 16 should not necessarily be considered abnormal in young infants. Validation as a diagnostic tool for GER-disease using age-appropriate normal values is needed.
A Successful laboratory mass rearing system of Spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) on a blackgram based semi-synthetic diet
Authors: Nitta Anusha , Madhumathi T. , Kumari V. Prasanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

To mass rear M. vitrata under laboratory conditions, a study was carried out and aimed to develop a blackgram based semi-synthetic diet (D-B). Comparison of several biological, reproductive and digestive parameters for three successive generations of M. vitrata reared on four different semi-synthetic diets viz., D-J, D-JR, D-NEW, blackgram based semi-synthetic diet (D-BAS) along with blackgram natural diet was successfully attempted. Larvae fed on blackgram based semi-synthetic diet (D-BAS) recorded the shortest developmental time (29.37 days), the highest food consumption (64.21 mg) and fecal production (20.83 mg) resulting in the maximum larval and pupal weights (48.46 and 47.11 mg, respectively). The insects fed on D-NEW and blackgram natural diet recorded the longest developmental period (32.90 and 34.48 days) with minimum larval weights (44.03 and 48.64 mg) and pupal weights (40.39 and 49.43 mg), respectively. The highest per cent pupation (82.53), adult emergence (78.22), larval (6.50) and pupal growth index (12.86) was recorded on larvae fed with blackgram based semi synthetic diet (D-BAS). The highest sex ratio (1.81) and fecundity (43.94 eggs) were recorded on blackgram semi-synthetic diet (D-BAS). The highest Relative Consumption Rate (0.23 gg− 1day− 1), Relative Growth Rate (0.084 gg− 1day1), Relative Metabolic Rate (0.073 gg− 1day− 1), Approximate Digestibility (67.49%) and Metabolic Costs (46.51%) lowest Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested Food (36.09%) and Efficiency of Conversion of Digested Food (53.49%) were recorded on blackgram semi-synthetic diet (D-BAS).
Enhancing Watershed Management through Adaptive Source Apportionment under Changing Environment
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Wenzhuo , Liu Guowangcheng , Zhang Yuhan , Wang Mingjing , Pan Yan , Meng Xinyi , Xiong Junfeng , Shen Zhenyao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Source information and the related influencing variables are crucial for watershed management. However, identifying long-term changes in pollution sources and distinct patterns remains challenging. Here we explore the changing patterns of pollution sources in the Hangbu Watershed of Chaohu Lake, China, and propose an adaptive strategy. The results demonstrate significant variations in sources over the 36-year study period, with nitrogen and phosphorus increasing by 1.2 times and 2.2 times, respectively. Compared to the traditional method based on a specific year, the adaptive solutions accounted for 87.83% and 57.68% of the nitrogen and phosphorus contribution. Trends, periodicity, and mutagenicity of sources were quantified, which are influenced by the variations in rainfall, urbanization, and agriculture development. Specifically, farmland acts as a vital source that exports 90.93% of nitrogen and 58.01% of phosphorus under different conditions. Specific pollution sources with growth trends and control robustness have been recognized as vital contributors, even though their contributions to the watershed's outlets may not be the most prominent. The results of this study enhance the sustainable management of watersheds.
DIEET: Knowledge–Infused Event Tracking in social media based on Deep Learning
Authors: Ge Jun , SHI LEILEI , Liu Lu , Han Zi-xuan , Miller Anthony 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the mobile Internet has led to online social networks becoming an increasingly integral part of our daily lives, this offers a new perspective in the study of human behavior. User' interest groups are now considered crucial elements within social networks. The objective of event evolution and tracking within social networks is the ability to monitor the real-time evolution of user' interests based on the previous diffusion behavior of influence disseminators and to anticipate future diffusion behavior of users. However, prior studies have only addressed the evolution regarding a single interest or the evolution of user interest in the entire interest space, ultimately with no modeling of user interest evolution within event tracking. In order to address these challenges, this study proposes a knowledge-infused deep learning-based event tracking model named DIEET (Diffusion and Interest Evolution behavior modeling for Event Tracking). This model accurately predicts the propagation and interest evolution behavior in event tracking by considering both propagation and interest evolution behavior. Specifically, the DIEET model incorporates the interval time, the number of times, the sequence interval time, and finally user preference for the event of interest, greatly improving the accuracy and efficiency of event evolution prediction. The experiments conducted on real Twitter datasets detail the proposed DIEET models’ ability to greatly improve the tracking of the state of user interest alongside the popularity of event propagation, and DIEET also has superior prediction performance compared to state-of-the-art models in terms of identifying user dynamic interest. Therefore, the aforementioned model offers promising potential in the ability for predicting and tracking the evolution of user interest and event propagation behavior on online social networks.