bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of refined nursing interventions in the operating room on surgical‐site wound infection in patients with lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Xiaorui , Li Xia , Zhang Jiying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, a meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the effect of refined nursing interventions in the operating room on the incidence of surgical‐site wound infections in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery to provide an evidence base for the prevention and management of nosocomial infections. A computerised literature search was used to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the application of refined nursing interventions in the operating room in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery published in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang databases from their inception until July 2023. The literature screening, data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were performed independently by two researchers. RevMan 5.4 software was used for the meta‐analysis. Twenty‐eight studies were included in the analysis, with a total of 2406 patients, including 1210 patients in the refined nursing intervention group and 1196 patients in the control group. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that the refined nursing interventions in the operating room significantly reduced the incidence of surgical‐site wound infections in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery, compared with the control group (1.82% vs. 6.52%, odds ratio: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.19–0.47, p < 0.001), and shortened the length of hospital stay (standardised mean difference: −1.51 days, 95% CI: −1.92 to −1.11 days, p < 0.001). Current evidence suggests that the application of refined nursing interventions in the operating room is effective at reducing the incidence of surgical‐site wound infections and shortening the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. However, owing to the small number and low quality of the studies, more high‐quality RCTs with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Western Water Network: A Case Study in Water Network Formation
Authors: Warziniak Travis , Heinse Robert , Fernald Alexander , Gaffney Michael , Hansen Kristiana , Hess Bret , Houglum Lyla , Paige Ginger , Zhang Qin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIncreased water scarcity and drought frequency are creating water management challenges for many communities in the western U.S. In response, the Western Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors sponsored a virtual summit in August 2020 to develop a framework for identifying and addressing the most pressing water issues in the western United States (the West). Summit attendees were research scientists, university extension specialists and professionals, and federal/state agency representatives with knowledge and expertise of water management in the West. The summit elicited opinions from 54 experts on pressing water issues and possible methods for addressing them. A follow‐on survey of 49 individuals increased the depth and breadth of perspectives collected. Summit and survey results show that water scarcity is a growing concern among water scientists and other experts. Increased water scarcity is leading to overallocated river basins, depleted aquifers, and elevated tensions between water use sectors. Summit and survey participants emphasized the need for increased integration—across research, extension, and education efforts; across the social and physical sciences; across uses (including ecological); and across surface and groundwater systems. These results serve as a sensing of what many of our colleagues believe to be the major western water issues over the next 30 years and, in some cases, possible solutions for addressing them. The expert opinions elicited through the summit and survey informed the creation of the Western Water Network, whose mission is to advance collaborative, proactive, science‐based water decision‐making that supports dynamic human and natural systems in the West.
AI literacy curriculum and its relation to children's perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science: An intervention study in early childhood education
Authors: Su Jiahong , Yang Weipeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe number of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy studies in K‐12 education has recently increased, with most research focusing on primary and secondary education contexts. Little research focuses on AI literacy programs in early childhood education.ObjectivesThe aim of this mixed‐methods study is to examine the feasibility of an AI literacy program called “AI4KG” and explore how it might affect kindergarteners' perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science.MethodsA total of 26 child–parent dyads recruited from a Hong Kong kindergarten were involved in this study, consisting of 26 children (Mage = 4 years, SD = 0.28) and their parents. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through surveys and interviews designed to explore children's perceptions of robots and attitudes towards engineering and science, and parents' perceptions of the AI4KG intervention.ResultsIt is found that children have increased their perceptions of robots after the AI literacy program, but the AI4KG curriculum had no significant effects on kindergarten children's engineering and science attitudes. Most parents (22 out of 26) agreed that their children's AI knowledge, AI skills, and AI attitudes have been enhanced after learning through the AI4KG curriculum.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the AI4KG curriculum is potentially effective in promoting early AI literacy and favourable attitudes towards the technology, but further research is needed to develop age‐appropriate measures and assess its long‐term impact on children's education and career paths.
Chinese guidelines for the rehabilitation treatment of knee osteoarthritis: An CSPMR evidence‐based practice guideline
Authors: Zhu Siyi , Wang Zhuo , Liang Qiu , Zhang Yuting , Li Sheyu , Yang Lin , He Chengqi ,   Chinese Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation,   West China Hospital
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundKnee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the most common degenerative joint disease in China, causing a huge economic burden on patients, families, and society. Standardized KOA rehabilitation treatment is an important means to prevent and treat the disease and promote the development of high‐quality medical services. This guideline is updated on the basis of the 2016 and 2019 editions.MethodsClinical questions regarding rehabilitation assessment and treatment were selected through clinical questions screening and deconstruction, and multiple rounds of Delphi questionnaire consultation. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) was used as the theoretical framework, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) method was used to grade the quality of evidence and recommendations.ResultsThe reporting of this guideline followed the standard of Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT). Taking into account patients' preferences and values and the needs of Chinese clinical practice, a total of 11 clinical questions and 28 recommendations were established. The clinical questions were grouped into two categories: KOA assessment (body function, body structure, activity and participation, quality of life, and environmental factors and clinical outcomes assessment, resulting in 9 recommendations) and KOA treatment (health education, therapeutic exercise, therapeutic modalities, occupational therapy, assistive devices, and regenerative rehabilitation approaches, resulting in 19 recommendations).ConclusionThis is the first evidence‐based guideline for KOA rehabilitation in China utilizing the ICF framework. This guideline provides key guidance for developing systematic, standardized, and precise rehabilitation protocols for KOA across various healthcare settings.
Phagomagnetic separation in combination with real‐time PCR assay for detection of Salmonella Enteritidis and Typhimurium in dairy products
Authors: Ding Yifeng , Li Zhiwei , Huang Chenxi , Zhang Yiming , Wang Jia , Wang Xiaohong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSalmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) are the most commonly reported serotypes detected for the occurrence of Salmonellosis through foodborne transmission in recent years. In this study, a phagomagnetic separation in combination with qPCR (PhMS‐qPCR) based on phage T102 as a recognition element was developed for rapid enrichment and detection of Salmonella in dairy products. Phage T102 was coated onto magnetic beads for capturing Salmonella from samples through magnetic separation, with a capture efficiency of ~90% demonstrated. During the subsequent qPCR process, captured Salmonella was identified by detecting the OmpC gene, and specific sdf and STM4495 genes to further distinguish the serotypes of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), respectively. The whole procedure can be performed in 2.5 h with a low detection limit of 10 CFU/mL in PBS. Subsequently, this detection strategy was successfully applied for the detection of Salmonella and serotype identification in spiked milk samples. This cell separation and detection system offers a promising alternative for rapid and accurate detection of Salmonella or Salmonella spp.
Small bowel disease prevalence on video capsule endoscopy in chronic granulomatous disease‐associated inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bhattacharya Sumona , Wong Uni , Khalid Mian , Blaney Hanna , Menkart Matthew G , Oringher Jenna L , Taneja Sonia L , Zerbe Christa S , De Ravin Suk See , Malech Harry L , Holland Steven M , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) may develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Characterization of small bowel disease in this cohort is scarce. Here, we sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of small bowel disease and evaluate the clinical utility of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for its diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients with CGD who were evaluated for gastrointestinal disease with VCE as a part of ongoing natural history studies at a single academic center. VCEs were reviewed for inflammatory findings and severity of disease utilizing the Capsule Endoscopy Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Radiographic studies and endoscopies performed within 30 days of VCE were compared with small bowel inflammatory findings.ResultsTwenty‐six VCEs corresponding to 25 patients were found. The majority of patients were male and White; mean age was 28 years old. The majority (85%) demonstrated presence of small bowel inflammatory findings on VCE including strictures, ulcers, erosions, and erythema. Duodenal and ileal inflammatory disease on endoscopy did not correlate with disease on VCE. Moderate–severe colonic disease correlated with moderate–severe disease on VCE. Radiography did not correlate with disease on VCE. Prolonged small bowel transit time correlated with moderate–severe small bowel disease.ConclusionsSmall bowel IBD was highly prevalent in this cohort of patients with CGD. Limitations included small sample size. Given that radiology and duodenal/ileal disease did not correlate with VCE findings, VCE‐driven investigation of small bowel disease should be considered in patients with CGD‐associated IBD, particularly those with colonic disease.
Cannabis constituents for chronic neuropathic pain; reconciling the clinical and animal evidence
Authors: Sokolaj Eddy , Assareh Neda , Anderson Kristen , Aubrey Karin R. , Vaughan Christopher W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating pain syndrome caused by damage to the nervous system that is poorly served by current medications. Given these problems, clinical studies have pursued extracts of the plant Cannabis sativa as alternative treatments for this condition. The vast majority of these studies have examined cannabinoids which contain the psychoactive constituent delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). While there have been some positive findings, meta‐analyses of this clinical work indicates that this effectiveness is limited and hampered by side‐effects. This review focuses on how recent preclinical studies have predicted the clinical limitations of THC‐containing cannabis extracts, and importantly, point to how they might be improved. This work highlights the importance of targeting channels and receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 receptors which mediate many of the side‐effects of cannabis.image
Speaking up: why people dare to sue the government in China
Authors: BAIK JONGYOON 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhy do Chinese citizens file administrative lawsuits despite low expectations of winning or the possibility of political retaliation from suing the government? Drawn from the author's fieldwork interviews in 2019 with ordinary citizens who had had disputes with their administrators, this article argues that Chinese citizens’ desire to have their voices heard trumps these obstacles. That is, through lawsuits, people want to face their administrators and make their case. An administrative trial provides an opportunity for citizens to voice their discontent in the physical presence of administrators, unlike other dispute resolution methods available in China. Administrative litigants value this rare chance, even though the rulings are unlikely to be in their favour. By treating an administrative trial as a stage for citizens to stand up for themselves against the government, this article contributes to our understanding of political expressions under authoritarianism.
Orchestrated feedback regulation between melatonin and sex hormones involving GPER1‐PKA‐CREB signaling in the placenta
Authors: Shao Xuan , Yang Yun , Liu Yanlei , Wang Yongqing , Zhao Yangyu , Yu Xin , Liu Juan , Li Yu‐Xia , Wang Yan‐Ling 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMaintaining placental endocrine homeostasis is crucial for a successful pregnancy. Pre‐eclampsia (PE), a gestational complication, is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Aberrant elevation of testosterone (T0) synthesis, reduced estradiol (E2), and melatonin productions have been identified in preeclamptic placentas. However, the precise contribution of disrupted homeostasis among these hormones to the occurrence of PE remains unknown. In this study, we established a strong correlation between suppressed melatonin production and decreased E2 as well as elevated T0 synthesis in PE placentas. Administration of the T0 analog testosterone propionate (TP; 2 mg/kg/day) to pregnant mice from E7.5 onwards resulted in PE‐like symptoms, along with elevated T0 production and reduced E2 and melatonin production. Notably, supplementation with melatonin (10 mg/kg/day) in TP‐treated mice had detrimental effects on fetal and placental development and compromised hormone synthesis. Importantly, E2, but not T0, actively enhanced melatonin synthetase AANAT expression and melatonin production in primary human trophoblast (PHT) cells through GPER1‐PKA‐CREB signaling pathway. On the other hand, melatonin suppressed the level of estrogen synthetase aromatase while promoting the expressions of androgen synthetic enzymes including 17β‐HSD3 and 3β‐HSD1 in PHT cells. These findings reveal an orchestrated feedback mechanism that maintains homeostasis of placental sex hormones and melatonin. It is implied that abnormal elevation of T0 synthesis likely serves as the primary cause of placental endocrine disturbances associated with PE. The suppression of melatonin may represent an adaptive strategy to correct the imbalance in sex hormone levels within preeclamptic placentas. The findings of this study offer novel evidence that identifies potential targets for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for PE.
From the severity patch to the landscape: Wildfire and spatial heterogeneity in northern Sierra Nevada conifer forests
Authors: Paudel Asha , Markwith Scott H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsProlonged fire suppression in conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada Mountain range, California, USA, has led to ingrowth of conifer seedlings, converting the open heterogeneous structure into uniformly dense and layered forest. The threat of a stand‐replacing fire has increased because of fuel buildup in combination with rising drought and extreme heat frequency caused by climate change. With such high severity fire, there is also rising concern regarding conifer forest converting to shrublands as severe fire favors the establishment of large shrub patches altering landscape vegetation pattern and heterogeneity. However, a clear understanding of the effects of increased fire severity, size, and frequency on landscape‐scale heterogeneity and postfire patch dynamics is lacking, which is critical in implementing restoration and forest management activities. Our aim was to understand multiscale dynamics and spatial heterogeneity patterns of conifer forests and chaparral shrublands due to repeated mixed‐severity fire.LocationA mosaic of burned and unburned patches spanning the boundary of Lassen and Plumas National Forests, CA, USA.MethodsWe used secondary geospatial landcover data classified by cover type before modern fires (1999) and after eight modern fires (2014). We calculated various landscape diversity and fragmentation metrics at patch and landscape scales using FRAGSTATS for comparison before and after fires.ResultsAt the fire severity patch scale, high‐severity fire reduced vegetation cover type heterogeneity by half, but reburning at low to moderate severity nearly doubled cover type heterogeneity. At the full landscape scale mixed‐severity fire, including all burn severities, increased vegetation cover type heterogeneity. Fragmentation indexes confirmed that fire created larger patches of shrub and fragmented patches of conifer forest.ConclusionsThe effects of frequent large fire events on vegetation pattern and heterogeneity vary with the scale of analysis. Hence, heterogeneity and vegetation pattern change need to be evaluated at more than one scale to understand past and future ecological processes before prioritizing management actions for the conifer forests of the Sierra Nevada Mountain range.
Pre‐departure language requirements for family reunification
Authors: van den Berg Tamara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper argues that pre‐departure language requirements for family reunification are unjustified. Such requirements are assumed to safeguard (1) the non‐instrumental cultural interests of citizens of the receiving society and (2) the instrumental language interests of both citizens and immigrants, for democratic life and political participation. The paper explores nationalist and multiculturalist arguments for implementing post‐arrival integration to ensure a shared public language but contends that such arguments cannot justify pre‐departure language requirements. In addition, instrumental language interests for democratic political life fall empirically short and place undue burdens on immigrants. The case of family reunification poses a unique moral problem, given the vital interest in living with one's family. The paper argues that the linguistic interests of the receiving state, in general, do not outweigh the claim to family reunification.
Ultraviolet‐A1 radiation induced a more favorable light‐intercepting leaf‐area display than blue light and promoted plant growth
Authors: Zhang Yating , Sun Xuguang , Aphalo Pedro J. , Zhang Yuqi , Cheng Ruifeng , Li Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPlants adjust their morphology in response to light environment by sensing an array of light cues. Though the wavelengths of ultraviolet‐A1 radiation (UV‐A1, 350–400 nm) are close to blue light (B, 400–500 nm) and share same flavoprotein photoreceptors, it remains poorly understood how plant responses to UV‐A1 radiation could differ from those to B. We initially grown tomato plants under monochromatic red light (R, 660 nm) as control, subsequently transferred them to four dichromatic light treatments containing ~20 µmol m−2 s−1 of UV‐A1 radiation, peaking at 370 nm (UV‐A370) or 400 nm (V400), or B (450 nm, at ~20 or 1.5 µmol m−2 s−1), with same total photon irradiance (~200 μmol m−2 s−1). We show that UV‐A370 radiation was the most effective in inducing light‐intercepting leaf‐area display formation, resulting in larger leaf area and more shoot biomass, while it triggered weaker and later transcriptome‐wide responses than B. Mechanistically, UV‐A370‐promoted leaf‐area display response was apparent in less than 12 h and appeared as very weakly related to transcriptome level regulation, which likely depended on the auxin transportation and cell wall acidification. This study revealed wavelength‐specific responses within UV‐A/blue region challenging usual assumptions that the role of UV‐A1 radiation function similarly as blue light in mediating plant processes.
Internal, external, genetic, or cultural? Lay theories about racial health disparities predict perceived threat, adherence, and policy support
Authors: Crist Jaren D. , Schlegel Rebecca J. , Salter Phia S. , Rivera Grace N. , Noor Masi , Perez Michael J. , Coger Ciara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported that Black and Latinx communities experienced a disproportionate burden of illness. The goal of this study is to investigate laypeople's attribution of these disparities. We hypothesized the following four potential attributions: external causes (e.g. systemic racism), internal causes (e.g. personal choices), cultural causes (e.g., being close knit), or genetic causes (e.g., being more vulnerable for genetic reasons). Data from 447 participants revealed that lay theories involving external factors were the most endorsed, whereas theories relating to genetic causes were the least endorsed. Our analyses further revealed that external attributions predicted broader COVID‐19 relevant outcomes (i.e., perceived threat of COVID‐19, adherence to CDC guidelines, and support for government policies in response to COVID‐19), even after controlling for political orientation, participant race, and other attributions. This research provides insight into how lay people's explanations for disparities can predict their reactions to the pandemic.
Geo‐thermochronological analysis reveals transition from transverse to axial detrital inputs during Cretaceous rifting in the Songliao Basin, NE China
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Zhiyong , Malusà Marco G. , Zhang Jien , Wu Lin , Xiang Dunfeng , Xiao Wenjiao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe impact of tectonics, volcanism and climate in controlling temporal and spatial variations in rift‐basin sedimentation is still poorly understood. Here, we tackle this issue by the analysis of mid‐Cretaceous sediments deposited in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. We present new zircon U–Pb, apatite fission‐track and trace‐element data from the northeastern basin, which are discussed within the framework of the published geochronology dataset. Our results reveal a major provenance change from syn‐rift tectonic extension to post‐rift thermal subsidence at ~103 Ma. During the syn‐rift stage, the detrital inputs were dominantly from transverse rivers sourced from the surrounding mountains including graben shoulders and volcanoes. During the post‐rift stage and coeval thermal subsidence, the basin sedimentation was controlled by coexisting transverse and axial drainage systems sourced from uplifting regions in the south. We conclude that tectonics, not climate, exerted a major control in sediment provenance change in the mid‐Cretaceous Songliao Basin.