bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defective Investigation leads to Injustice - An Overview of Pakistani Context
Authors: Malik Sawera 
Published: September 2023

Investigation plays a crucial role in any criminal case. If this step is performed negligently the prosecution will fail to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. This paper will provide an overview of the criminal investigation process in Pakistan and highlight the reasons for the defective investigation. The criminal justice system consists of mainly four elements the police, the prosecution, the judiciary, and the defence lawyer. (Rajput, 2020) To provide expeditious justice, every organ of the criminal justice system must work efficiently. To set CJS into motion, a complainant may file a complaint or lodge an FIR against an accused person. After the registration of an FIR in cognizable cases, the process of investigation starts. The IO daily record the progress of the case in daily dairy maintained under section 172 of Cr.P.C. Within the period of 14 days, an investigation officer is bound to submit a police report under section 173 of Cr.P.C. If he fails to do so he will after the expiration of 3 days submit an interim report. The court may continue with the trial or postpone it until the submission of the final report.
The IO is empowered to make searches and arrests under Cr.P.C. After making an arrest an IO is bound to present the accused before the magistrate within 24 hours of arrest. Cases are defectively investigated due to many reasons like lack of access to modern technology, the burden of work, false accusations, and politicizing of police. A necessary policy should be made and implemented to strengthen the investigation process in Pakistan. A poor investigation will generally give the benefit of doubt to accused persons. Our IOs are not experts in managing crime scenes. They lack basic techniques for identifying the evidence at the crime scenes. Moreover, the most crucial evidence present at the crime scene was wasted due to a lack of preservation techniques. Along with that, the investigators lack the basic knowledge about interrogation techniques used to extract important information from the accused. The only technique our IOs are using is third-degree treatment.
The recruitment process for investigators needs to be revamped. The educational background of the candidates must be given regard while appointing them. Lack of proper training is also contributing as an essential factor in the defective investigation. This research article will firstly provide the process of criminal investigation in Pakistan and secondly, it will highlight the most common reasons for the defective investigation.
Tourism, Economic growth, Environment, Human Capital and Political Instability: Heterogeneous linkages
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad , Azam Ali 
Published: September 2023

This study aims to estimate heterogeneous causal linkages among tourism, economic growth, environment, human capital and political instability for all economies in the world. In this study, we used the global panel data, which consists of the world. The study employs the fixed effects model (FEM) to estimate the panel regression model. Results indicate that in all models, economic growth attracts tourism, and tourism increases economic growth. Tourism and CO2 are negatively related. Tourism and human capital are positively related, and political instability and tourism are also positively related. The study concluded that environmental emissions and economic growth are negatively related. Our research shows a positive connection between economic growth and human capital. Economic growth and political instability are negatively related. Environment emission and human capital are negatively related. Our results have shown that political instability and CO2 are positively related to each other. Political instability and human capital are negatively related. Results have shown that human capital hurts political insatiability. Findings suggest that host countries should not only promote tourism but also ensure that the environment is not degraded, so green tourism needs to be promoted in order to ensure that the development process will remain smooth and sustainable. To promote sustainable tourism development and economic growth, governments should concentrate on economic policies and allocate more resources to human capital management. Tourism policymakers need to be aware of the dimensions of political instability and its likely impact on their industry.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Vibrio cholerae dan Salmonella thypi
Authors: Utami Nining Fadilah , Rachmawaty Dwi , Arisanty Arisanty 
Published: September 2023

Tanaman pepaya (Carica papaya L.) sudah lama dipakai untuk obat herbal serta dipercaya mempunyai kegunaan dalam pengobatan, salah satunya untuk memperlambat pertumbuhan pada bakteri. Adapun senyawa aktif yang ada di tumbuhan pepaya mempunyai kegunaan seperti karpain, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini guna mengetahui aktivitas dari antibakteri pada ekstrak daun pepaya pada pertumbuhan Vibrio cholerae dan Salmonella thypi berdasarkan diameter zona hambat. Ekstrak dari daun pepaya diperoleh melalui metode maserasi lalu dilanjutkan dengan skrining fitokimia serta pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan memakai metode disc diffusion, kontrol positif digunakan kloramfenikol serta kontrol negatif digunakan DMSO. Hasil dari pengujian SPSS yaitu konsentrasi ekstrak 2% potensial dimanfaatkan untuk antibakteri guna Vibrio cholerae dan Salmonella thypi.Papaya plants (Carica papaya L.) have long been used for herbal medicine and are believed to have medicinal uses, one of which is to slow the growth of bacteria. The active compounds in papaya plants have uses such as karpain, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of papaya leaf extract on the growth of Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella thypi based on the diameter of the inhibition zone. Extract from papaya leaves was obtained through the maceration method, followed by phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity testing using the disc diffusion method. The positive control used chloramphenicol, and the negative control used DMSO. The results of the SPSS test showed that the 2% extract concentration could potentially be used as an antibacterial for Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi.
Ergonomic Risk Factors and Musculoskeletal System Problems in Women Producing Traditional Handicrafts
Authors: İNCE PARPUCU Tuba , ERCAN Sabriye , BAŞKURT Ferdi , BAŞKURT Zeliha 
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to determine the ergonomic risk level, musculoskeletal system problems, and variables affecting ergonomic risk scores in women producing traditional handicrafts.
Women who regularly produce traditional handicrafts were included in the study. The participants underwent a musculoskeletal system and RULA ergonomic risk assessment and were asked to answer pain questionnaire.
A total of 197 women aged 46.15±0.71 years who have been producing traditional handicrafts for 25.78±0.84 years were included in the study. The posture evaluation of the participants revealed that most of them (61.9%) had an anterior head carriage. Participants most pronouncedly experienced musculoskeletal pain in their dominant forearm (36%), wrist (34%), and shoulder (30.5%). Participants also experienced the most severe pain in their heads (21.8%), dominant hand wrists (18.3%), and forearms (17.8%), respectively. The final RULA score of the participants was found to be 3.29±0.05. Deterioration in posture and worsening of musculoskeletal complaints affected the ergonomic risk scores of the participants (adjusted R2 value=0.436).
Postural changes and musculoskeletal pain are common in women who produce traditional handicrafts. The participants had low to moderate ergonomic risks, and their postural changes and musculoskeletal pain were found to affect their final RULA scores.
TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SERVİKS KANSERİ, HUMAN PAPİLLOMA VİRÜSÜ VE AŞISI İLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ, TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARININ CİNSEL MİTLER PERSPEKTİFİNDE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KOCAAY Funda 
Published: September 2023

Özet
Bu araştırmada tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin serviks kanseri, human papilloma virüsü ve aşısı ile ilgili bilgi, tutum ve davranışlarının cinsel mitler perspektifinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışma tanımlayıcı-kesitsel niteliktedir. Örneklem bir vakıf üniversitesinde öğrenim gören tıp fakültesi öğrencisi ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmada sosyodemografik form ile HPV Bilgi Ölçeği (HPV-BÖ) ve Cinsel Mitler Ölçeği (CMÖ) kullanılmıştır.
Katılımcıların %52,2 (n=89)’si cinsellikle ilgili konularda yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadıkları, %91,4’ü HPV’yi duydukları, % 86’sı HPV aşısı yaptırmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. HPV ölçeğinin genel ortalaması 15,338±7,875, CMÖ genel ortalaması ise 51,951±16,096 olarak belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerin cinsel mit puanlarının kadınlardan daha yüksek olduğu ve cinsel mit ile HPV arasında negatif korelasyon olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p
Dinâmica imobiliária e relações socioespaciais das ZEIS em Campina Grande (PB): as transformações da estação velha
Authors: Carvalho Maria Jackeline Feitosa , Aurino Yasmim Alves Batista 
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo socializa a pesquisa PIBIC//CNPq Cota 2019-2020 de pesquisa em rede,de Edital Universal , vinculada ao Observatório das Metrópoles(PB) . Assim tem por objetivo analisar como os empreendimentos, públicos e privados, estão a impactar as relações socioespaciais na Zona Especial de Interesse Social (ZEIS) Estação Velha em Campina Grande (PB). Especificamente, como o crescimento do mercado imobiliário está impactando os padrões de uso e ocupação do solo na ZEIS Estação Velha. O artigo aponta na perspectiva das transformações ocorridas nesta ZEIS, desencadeadas tanto pelo mercado formal quanto pelo informal. Além disso, o artigo visa contribuir para a fortalecer a criação de um campo de pesquisa do urbano em Campina Grande, com ênfase nas ZEIS. Em termos da Metodologia, a pesquisa fez uso da abordagem qualitativa em dois momentos realizados conjuntamente: a pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o mercado imobiliário, a gestão do território urbano e o impacto das transformações socioespaciais nas ZEIS; e um segundo, com pesquisa de campo e observação. A metodologia forneceu uma abordagem única e abrangente com base na teoria e compreensão de campo em momentos diferentes, ambos inter-relacionados. Assim, investigamos a dimensão histórica entre Campina Grande e a ZEIS Estação Velha, um local de particular historicidade na cidade. A Estação Velha, em sua conexão com a dinâmica imobiliária, oferece uma leitura necessária à compreensão da dinâmica da moradia em áreas ZEIS em uma cidade porte médio . Apontando todo o processo das transformações urbanas e sociais desta ZEIS e o desafio de sua permanência enquanto tal.
Examining the Interplay of Sovereignty and Supranationalist Ideas in International Law
Authors: Yadav Arvind Kumar , Kumar Ashwani 
Published: September 2023

Objective: The complex relationship between sovereignty and supranationalist conceptions is investigated in the context of international law. Since they coexist, intricate relationships have developed, which impact the global legal order. In an increasingly interconnected and transnationally challenging world, this research emphasizes the need of grasping this dynamic. The potential of this research to resolve the conflict between national sovereignty and cooperation on global issues gives it great significance. The research sheds light on how to tackle global issues like climate change, human rights breaches, and cross-border economic conflicts by examining the theoretical limits and practical ramifications of supranationalist initiatives.

Method: This paper proposes a multidisciplinary method for analysing Jurisprudential Discourse Network Analysis (JDNA) of International Agreements. This method offers a holistic comprehension of the diverse character of sovereignty and supranationalism by integrating legal analysis, political theory, and international relations. This research has wide-ranging practical implications, which are not limited to the development of international treaties and accords and the reform of global institutions. Finding areas of agreement and common interests aids in diplomatic negotiations and promotes global collaboration.

Result: This analysis uses modern facilities computer models to simulate a number of situations that illustrate the relationship between sovereignty and supranationalism in concrete settings.

Conclusion: A framework for evaluating the outcomes of the offered methods and extracting useful information from the data is provided by the Node Metrics and Edge Metrics parameters. These settings can be modified and fine-tuned according to the needs of a certain study and the information at hand.
The Impact of Cultural and Economic Factors on Social Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Singh Brijmohan , Indravesh  
Published: September 2023

Objective: Understanding the role of social entrepreneurship in supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) while addressing complex social issues and promoting responsible resource use.

Method: Analyzing the impact and characteristics of social entrepreneurship in relation to SDGs, considering its focus on neglected regions, eco-friendly products, and balancing financial returns with social objectives.

Result: Social entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in addressing social and environmental challenges such as poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. It leads to economic development, improved access to goods and services, and the creation of sustainable communities.

Conclusion: Social entrepreneurship aligned with SDGs offers innovative solutions to intricate social problems while contributing to economic growth. By balancing financial viability and social impact, these ventures attract investors and generate positive changes in society and the environment. This approach enables the growth of self-sustaining enterprises that can lead to lasting improvements in various domains.
Impact of Recruitment Training Skills of Employability of Management Graduates in Rayalaseema Region
Authors: Kandati Sai Chandu , Govindaraj Manoj 
Published: September 2023

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to identify the recruitment training aspects that may have an impact on the employability of private university management graduates in Hyderabad's Rayalaseema region.

Method: The authors employed SEM analysis to assess the hypothesised connection that exists between each independent variable and the dependent one, using AMOS (24). The research has done on 270 management UG and PG students.

Result: The result shows that recruitment training had moderate positive effect on employability of management graduates. The above outline provides a general structure for a research paper on the impact of recruitment training skills on the employability of management graduates in the Rayalaseema region.

Conclusion: The findings of this research can provide valuable insights for educational institutions, policymakers, and recruiters to optimize recruitment training programs and improve the employability prospects of management graduates. The study investigates how recruitment training programs enhance job readiness, provide a competitive advantage, and increase the employability of management graduates.
Harnessing the Benefits of Translingualism for English Language Education in India
Authors: Vasanthan Radhakrishnan , Jeyarani Jeyarathnam , Karthikeyan Jayabalan 
Published: September 2023

Objective: Translingual practices among English teachers in India play an important role in improving students' multilingual skills and second language learning. This study examines their effective integration in language education and assesses the associated benefits. Set against India's rich linguistic background, it seeks to contribute to the broader discourse on multilingualism in a globalized world.

Method: The methodology highlights the importance of translingual strategies and multilingual proficiencies in enhancing second language learning. It delineates key multilingual skills, including bilingualism, code-switching, and bicultural understanding, and links them to their respective advantages in education. By weaving translingual methods into language instruction, the research aims to promote inclusivity, question monolingual standards, and strengthen intercultural communication abilities.

Results: English teachers in India largely support translingual practices in teaching, recognizing its value in enhancing language learning by drawing on students' existing linguistic and cultural backgrounds. However, school language policies that favor English and insufficient teacher training on multilingual methods pose challenges. These challenges limit the comprehensive integration of translingual approaches in classrooms.

Conclusion: The study offers insights into translingual practices among English teachers in India, highlighting its potential to enrich language education by tapping into existing linguistic and cultural knowledge. Despite teachers' favorable attitudes, institutional barriers, such as language policies and a lack of adequate training, restrict its full implementation. Addressing these barriers necessitates a revision of language policies and providing specialized training for teachers.
Certificate as a Means Proof in Eliminate Admin Jordanian
Authors: Al Khalaileh Lana 
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aimed to demonstrate the role of testimony as a means of proof in the Jordanian administrative judiciary.

Theoretical Framework: The first topic came to clarify the concept of testimony and proof in language and terminology. As for the topic The second bears a title Certificate in eliminate Admin Jordanian its importance, types and procedures, And its conditions, and in the third topic, We are touched on talking about fields Business Certificate in eliminate Admin.

Method: Researcher on curriculum descriptive Analytical in this search and that from during clarification texts legal to the courts Admin in Jordan and a statement faces shortcomings and weakness in showing Role Certificate as a means Proof in eliminate Administrative, and the research was divided into three main sections.

Result and Conclusion: The research reached many results, perhaps the most important of which is that testimony as a means of proof in the Jordanian administrative judiciary was not a main means of proof, but the judge can dispense with it if he decides not to use it.

Research Implications: The legislator increased the legal texts in the Jordanian Administrative Law of 2014 related to the testimony of witnesses, as the texts were scattered and almost negligible.

Originality/value: Our study contributes to referring to the legal allegations in the light of information technology, which can be relied upon by the courts in the event of a conflict with the testimony of individuals.
Response of Islamic Religious College to Independent Campus Policy
Authors: Zubair Asni , Mustafa  , Amir Irfan , Hamzah  
Published: September 2023

Aim: This study aims to see the response of Islamic Religious Universities (PTKI) in South Sulawesi to the Independent Campus policy.

Methodology: The approach used is a quantitative approach with the type of survey research in six (6) locations of PTKI. Data analysis techniques are based on hypothetical statistics, divided into three categories, namely: high, medium, and low. The results showed that: (1) Six PTKI in South Sulawesi, from the three elements of PTKI, namely the Leaders, Lecturers, and Students, obtained responses with the categories "Medium" and or "High". The responses are valued "Positive" according to the guideline categorization of the MBKM response survey.

Results: So that the Independent Campus Policy was responded "positively" by PTKI in South Sulawesi; (2) Policy instruction, most are still in the preparatory stage. Nevertheless, the Implementation of the Independent Campus Policy at UIN Alauddin Makassar and IAIN Pare-pere is applied to students of the class 2021-2022, based on the Rector's Decree; (3) Increasing hard skill and soft skill of students become the chance of PTKI in South Sulawesi to create the superior undergraduates but

Conclusion: there is the biggest obstacle of PTKI in South Sulawesi that must be faced, namely campus financial burden; increase workload on lecturer performance; administrative complexity, and increase student’s study cost.

Originality/Value: this study Highlights the response of Islamic universities
Occurrence, abundance and some ecological aspects of the offshore bottlenose dolphin off Ecuador’s central coast
Authors: Félix Fernando , Castro Cristina 
Published: September 2023

The presence of the offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is poorly understood for most of the southeast Pacific Ocean. Its wide distribution, low density, and lack of understanding of its ecology make the species unpredictable to observe and difficult to study compared to the coastal ecotype. We assessed the occurrence of offshore bottlenose dolphins off the central coast of Ecuador (01°36’ S, 80°58’ W) using information taken from 2001 to 2022. Data were collected by two research groups based 80 km apart, one in Puerto López (north) and the other in Salinas (south). A total of 48 dolphin groups were documented, 22 at Puerto López and 26 at Salinas. In Puerto López, 163 dolphins were individually identified, of which 70 intra-annual sightings and 102 inter-annual sightings were found. Inter-annual resightings at Puerto López corresponded to 55 individuals (33.7%) recorded between two and 17 years (mean = 5.82 years, SD = 5.1). In Salinas, 58 dolphins were identified, without intra-annual resightings and only two inter-annual sightings. Only one individual was recorded in both areas. Two site fidelity indexes were calculated, Occurrence (Oi) and Permanence (Pi), resulting in 11 and 13.7 times higher respectively, in Puerto López. The abundance at Puerto López, 163 animals (95% CI, 120 - 203) in 2021-2022, was estimated with a closed population model. The prevalence of scars associated with previous encounters with fishing gear was 43.6%, commensal barnacle (Xenobalanus globicipitis) infestation 42.3%, predation 3.6%, and dermal nodules 0.61%. Our findings suggest both site fidelity and some degree of population structure, but additional monitoring and genetic studies are needed to clarify these aspects. Nevertheless, this study provides information on key aspects necessary for developing conservation strategies for offshore bottlenose dolphins.