bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The P(4S) + NH(3Σ–) and N(4S) + PH(3Σ–)reactions as sources of interstellar phosphorus nitride
Authors: Gomes Alexandre C. R. , Souza André C. , Jasper Ahren W. , Galvão Breno R. L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Phosphorus nitride (PN) is believed to be one of the major reservoirs of phosphorus in the interstellar medium (ISM). For this reason, understanding which reactions produce PN in space and predicting their rate coefficients is important for modelling the relative abundances of P-bearing species and clarifying the role of phosphorus in astrochemistry. In this work, we explore the potential energy surfaces of the

$\textrm{P}(^4\textrm{S}) + \textrm{NH}(^3\Sigma^-)$

and

$\textrm{N}(^4\textrm{S}) + \textrm{PH}(^3\Sigma^-)$

reactions and the formation of

$\textrm{H}(^2\textrm{S}) + \textrm{PN}(^1\Sigma^+)$

through high accuracy ab initio calculations and the variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST). We found that both reactions proceed without an activation barrier and with similar rate coefficients that can be described by a modified Arrhenius equation (

$k(T)=\alpha\!\left( T/300 \right)^{\beta} \exp\!{(\!-\!\gamma/T)})$

with

$\alpha=0.93\times 10^{-10}\rm cm^3\,s^{-1}$

,

$\beta=-0.18$

and

$\gamma=0.24\, \rm K$

for the

$\textrm{P} + \textrm{NH} \longrightarrow \textrm{H} + \textrm{PN}$

reaction and

$\alpha=0.88\times 10^{-10}\rm cm^3\,s^{-1}$

,

$\beta=-0.18$

and

$\gamma=1.01\, \rm K$

for the

$\textrm{N} + \textrm{PH} \longrightarrow \textrm{H} + \textrm{PN}$

one. Both reactions are expected to be relevant for modelling PN abundances even in the cold environments of the ISM. Given the abundance of hydrogen in space, we have also predicted rate coefficients for the destruction of PN via H + PN collisions.
Low speed aerodynamics of canard configurations
Authors: Bandyopadhyay G. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryNumerical methods have been developed for the prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of canard wing configurations by considering both attached and separated flow over the canard surface; the flow over the main wing surface is always assumed to be attached. Experimental tests have been conducted in a low speed wind tunnel to compare the theoretical results predicted by the numerical methods. The comparison shows good agreement up to approximately 16° incidence.
The mixing of three-dimensional turbulent wakes and boundary layers
Authors: Moghadam A. , Squire L. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA fundamental study is presented of the three-dimensional aspects of the wake/boundary layer interaction as it occurs on high-lift wings, particularly the slat-wake/wing boundary layer interaction. A digital system for measuring and recording all the components of the mean velocity and the Reynolds stress tensor using a triple hot-wire probe has been developed. This system has been tested and has been used to measure the interaction between the wakes of swept aerofoils and the fully turbulent boundary layer developing on a flat plate. An important and interesting result of all the tests is the rapid decay of the three dimensionality in the wake, so that in many cases the actual interaction is almost two-dimensional. Two cases of three-dimensional interaction have been simulated. In one case the interaction is fully three-dimensional while in the other case it can be assumed to be quasi three-dimensional. For the quasi three-dimensional confluent flow, the measured results have been compared with the predictions of the two-dimensional form of K-ε and algebraic stress turbulence models. The overall agreement between the measured and predicted results is good. However, for the turbulence flow field the agreement is less satisfactory in the initial mixing region where the three-dimensionality is strong and it is also poor in the wall boundary layer.
Analysis of atmospheric turbulence measurements by spectral and discretegust methods
Authors: Foster G. W. , Jones J. G. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryDetailed measurements of atmospheric-turbulence velocity have been made by a specially instrumented aircraft at altitudes below one thousand feet over a variety of terrains. These measurements are analysed in terms of power-spectral-density and a statistical-discrete-gust model. To a good approximation, spatial increments in turbulence velocity are shown to satisfy scaling laws implying self-similarity for amplitudes up to about four times their root-mean-square value and over a wide range of scales. A three-parameter relationship is established between two parameters from the statistical-discrete-gust analysis, corresponding respectively to intermittency and gust intensity, and one from the power-spectral representation, related to the average rate of energy dissipation.
LOPAN - A low-order panel method for subsonic and supersonic flows
Authors: Rubin T. D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA low-order panel method is presented for the calculation of subsonic or supersonic linear flow about general configurations. The method uses piecewise constant source, doublet and/or vorticity singularities. The internal Dirichlet boundary condition is applied, providing zero perturbation potential inside the configuration. The external Neumann boundary condition may refer to a condition on the outward conormal component of the perturbation velocity (the so-called 'linearised normal mass flux'). However, the program may, if required, proceed to obtain specified conditions on the outward normal component of the perturbation velocity, using an iterative procedure.
An application of SQP and Ada to the structural optimisation of aircraft wings
Authors: Bartholomew-Biggs M. C. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryTwo versions of the Sequential Quadratic Programming technique for constrained optimisation are described and used to solve some minimum weight design calculations for aircraft wings. The problems and the solution methods are described and discussed in some detail: but the main feature of the work is the use of the programming language Ada for writing the necessary software. Some features of the language are illustrated which appear to be valuable for many kinds of numerical computation. In particular, it is also shown that Ada facilitates the calculation of the partial derivatives of function and constraint expressions which are required in optimisation calculations but which are often quite difficult to obtain in practice.
A solution method for the three-dimensional compressible turbulent boundary-layer equations
Authors: Johnston L. J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe development of a new calculation method for compressible 3D boundary layers is described. The method involves a finite-difference discretisation of the governing mean-flow equations. In particular, the differencing scheme used to discretise spanwise derivatives adapts automatically to the sign of the local crossflow within the boundary layer. A plane-by-plane solution procedure in the spanwise direction enables second-order accuracy to be maintained throughout the whole flowfield. A normal coordinate scaling with the local total momentum thickness removes most of the boundary layer growth in computational space. The Cebeci-Smith algebraic turbulence model is used for the initial validation of the calculation method. A simple modification to this model is tested, involving an explicit dependence of the outer eddy viscosity on the crossflow within the boundary layer. There results a significantly improved prediction of the NLR infinite swept wing flow experiment.
Canadian Public Policy: The State of the Discipline
Authors: Skogstad Grace 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the state of the English-language peer-reviewed literature published over the 2011–2021 period whose objective is to describe and explain processes of development of Canadian public policies and their consequences. It first presents a profile of the surveyed literature's attention to different policy sectors, elements of public policy, and its chosen methodologies to study them. It then examines the empirical and theoretical contributions of the literature to uncovering the constitutive actors and their interactions in policy processes in policy domains of Canadian jurisdictions; the logics of chosen policy instruments and their distributive effects; and the interactions among Canada's structural, institutional and ideational features and policy actors’ motivations and behaviour with processes of policy innovation, continuity and change. A foremost contribution of Canadian policy studies to comparative policy studies is to demonstrate the causal impacts of the interaction of institutional, structural and ideational/cultural factors on processes of policy development.
Risk for psychiatric and substance use disorders as a function of transitions in Sweden's public educational system: a national study
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S. , Keefe Richard S. E. , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo clarify, in a national sample, associations between risk for seven psychiatric and substance use disorders and five key transitions in Sweden's public educational system.MethodsSwedish-born individuals (1972–1995, N = 1 997 910) were followed through 12-31-2018, at mean age 34.9. We predicted, from these educational transitions, risk for major depression (MD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SZ), anorexia nervosa (AN), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorder (DUD), assessed from Swedish national registers, by Cox regression, censoring individuals with onsets ⩽17. We also predicted risk from the deviation of grades from family-genetic expectations (deviation 1) and from changes in grades from ages 16 to 19 (deviation 2).ResultsWe observed four major risk patterns across transitions in our disorders: (i) MD and BD, (ii) OCD and SZ, (iii) AUD and DUD, and (iv) AN. Failing early educational transitions had the greatest impact on risk for OCD and SZ while for other disorders, not progressing from basic to upper high school had the largest effect. Completing vocational v. college-prep upper high school was strongly associated with risk for AUD and DUD, had little relation with MD, OCD, BD, and SZ risk, and was protective for AN. Deviation 1 predicted risk most strongly for SZ, AN, and MD. Deviation 2 predicted risk most strongly for SZ, AUD, and DUD.ConclusionsThe pattern of educational transitions and within family and within person development deviations are strongly and relatively specifically associated with future risk for seven psychiatric and substance-use disorders.
Earlier mastery of English predicts 5th Grade academic outcomes for low-income dual language learners in Miami, USA
Authors: Winsler Adam , Rozell Nadine , Tucker Tevis L. , Norvell Gabriele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEarlier acquisition of English is associated with better academic performance for dual language learners (DLLs), but large-scale, prospective, longitudinal studies examining how trajectories for English acquisition relate to school-based outcomes, accounting for relevant covariates, are rare. We explored how the grade in which DLLs (N = 17,548; 47% female; 80% free/reduced-price lunch; 86% Latino, 10% Black, and 4% White/Other) acquire English proficiency, defined by the school district, relates to academic outcomes (grade retention, GPA, reading and math test scores) in 5th grade, controlling for gender, ethnicity, poverty, and school readiness skills at age 4. Earlier acquisition of English, especially before 2nd grade, predicted better performance on each 5th grade outcome. Earlier proficiency in English was even more important for 5th grade outcomes for those with initially high cognitive skills, Latino/Hispanic DLLs (compared to Black DLLs), and those not in poverty. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Does Spanish knowledge contribute to accurate English word spelling in adult bilinguals?
Authors: Rigobon Valeria M. , Gutiérrez Nuria , Edwards Ashley A. , Abes Daniel , Steacy Laura M. , Compton Donald L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCorrectly spelling an English word requires a high-quality orthographic representation. When faced with spelling a complex word without a high-quality representation, spellers often rely on other knowledge sources (e.g., incomplete stored orthographic forms, phonological to orthographic relationships) to spell it. For bilinguals, another potentially facilitative source is knowledge of a word's lexical and sublexical representations in another language. In the current study we considered simultaneous effects of word-level (e.g., frequency, cognate status) and person-level (e.g., English spelling skill, prompting, bilingual status) predictors on college students’ complex English word spelling. Monolinguals (English;n= 42) significantly outperformed bilinguals (Spanish and English;n= 76) on non-cognate spelling; no group differences emerged for cognate spelling accuracy. Within bilinguals, significantly higher spelling performance on cognates compared to non-cognates suggests cognate facilitation, with no prompting effects. Findings expand an interdisciplinary framework of understanding bilinguals’ activation and use of cross-linguistic representations in spelling.
The punitive impact of radical right populism on foreign aid: immigration pressure and mainstream partnership
Authors: Suzuki Motoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigates populist radical right (PRR) influence on aid amid widespread concerns about a potential connection between its rise and the reduction of aid allocation. Previous studies failed to address these concerns owing to the disuse of immigrant inflows as an intervening variable and a bilateral framework capable of investigating properties in donor and recipient countries. By analyzing panel data on Western European parliamentary democracies, the study demonstrates the PRR’s reducing effect via a coalitional pathway on bilateral aid to the recipients, failing to stem emigration into the donor countries. Further, analysis shows that such reduction intensifies in conjunction with the donors’ weak pluralistic institutions and the recipients’ sociocultural characteristics different from the ordinary citizens represented by the PRR. The findings make a novel contribution to the expanding literature on the PRR to integrate insights on the aid–immigration nexus, strategies for policy influence, and ideational profiles.
Outcomes of endovascular repair of infrarenal penetrating aortic ulcers
Authors: Hatzl Johannes , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Schmitz-Rixen Thomas , Grundmann Reinhart Thomas , Steinbauer Markus , Böckler Dittmar , Uhl Christian 
Published: March 2023

Summary: Background: To report technical success as well as perioperative outcomes of patients who underwent endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) of penetrating abdominal aortic ulcers ≤35 mm in diameter (PAU). Patients and methods: The abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) quality registry of the German institute for vascular research (DIGG) was used to identify patients with standard EVAR for infrarenal PAU ≤35 mm between 1/1/2019 and 12/31/2021. Infectious, traumatic, inflammatory PAUs, PAUs associated with connective tissue disease, PAUs following aortic dissection as well as true aneurysms were excluded. Demographics, cardiovascular comorbidity, technical success as well as perioperative morbidity and mortality were determined. Results: Amongst 11 537 patients who underwent EVAR during the study period, 405 with PAU ≤35 mm were eligible from 95 participating hospitals across Germany (22% women, 20.5% octogenarians). The median aortic diameter was 30 mm (Interquartile range 27–33). Cardiovascular comorbidities were frequent with coronary artery disease (34.8%), chronic heart failure (30.9%), history of myocardial infarction (19.8%), hypertension (76.8%), diabetes (21.7%), smoking (20.8%), history of stroke (9.4%), symptomatic lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (20%), chronic kidney disease (10.4%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (9.6%). Most patients were asymptomatic (89.9%). Among the symptomatic patients, 13 presented with distal embolization (3.2%) and 3 with contained ruptures (0.7%). Technical success of endovascular repair was 98.3%. Both, percutaneous (37.1%) or femoral cut-down access approaches (58.5%) were registered. Endoleaks of any type were present with type 1 (0.5%), type 2 (6.4%) and type 3 (0.3%) endoleaks. Overall mortality was 0.5%. Perioperative complications occurred in 12 patients (3.0%). Conclusions: According to this registry data, endovascular repair of PAU is technically feasible with acceptable perioperative outcomes, but further studies investigating mid- and long-term data are needed before invasive treatment of PAU disease in an elderly and comorbid patient population should be recommended.
A Storyline Approach to the June 2021 Northwestern North American Heatwave
Authors: Terray Laurent 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNorthwestern North America has experienced an exceptional heatwave in late June 2021 with many new temperature records across western Canada, Oregon and Washington states. Here we use a recent atmospheric reanalysis and a conditional approach based on dynamical adjustment to assess and quantify the influence of atmospheric circulation and other driving factors to the heatwave magnitude during the June 28–30 period. A blocking anticyclone, enhanced low‐level moisture and clear‐sky downward long‐wave radiation are shown to be the main factors of the heatwave persistence and magnitude. The heatwave magnitude is mainly attributable to internal variability with climate change being an additional factor (10%). Consequences of a similar atmospheric circulation anomaly in different phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillations and in a warmer world at different global warming levels (1, 2, 3, and 4°C) are explored based on a single model initial‐condition large ensemble.
Underpredicted ENSO Teleconnections in Seasonal Forecasts
Authors: Williams N. C. , Scaife A. A. , Screen J. A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences climate variability across the globe. ENSO is highly predictable on seasonal timescales and therefore its teleconnections are a source of extratropical forecast skill. To fully harness this predictability, teleconnections must be represented accurately in seasonal forecasts. We find that a multimodel ensemble from five seasonal forecast systems can successfully capture the spatial structure of the late winter (JFM) El Niño teleconnection to the North Atlantic via North America, but the simulated amplitude is half of that observed. We find that weak amplitude teleconnections exist in all five models throughout the troposphere, and that the La Niña teleconnection is also weak. We find evidence that tropical forcing of the El Niño teleconnection is not underestimated and instead, deficiencies are likely to emerge in the extratropics. We investigate the impact of underestimated teleconnection strength on North Atlantic winter predictability, including its relevance to the signal‐to‐noise paradox.
Migration of the Shear Margins at Thwaites Glacier: Dependence on Basal Conditions and Testability Against Field Data
Authors: Summers Paul T. , Elsworth Cooper W. , Dow Christine F. , Suckale Jenny 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProjections of global sea level depend sensitively on whether Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica, will continue to lose ice rapidly. Prior studies have focused primarily on understanding the evolution of ice velocity and whether the reverse‐sloping bed at Thwaites Glacier could drive irreversible retreat. However, the overall ice flux to the ocean and the possibility of irreversible retreat depend not only on the ice speed but also on the width of the main ice trunk. Here, we complement prior work by focusing specifically on understanding whether the lateral boundaries of the main ice trunk, termed shear margins, might migrate over time. We hypothesize that the shear margins at Thwaites Glacier will migrate on a decadal timescale in response to continued ice thinning and surface steepening. We test this hypothesis by developing a depth‐averaged, thermomechanical free‐boundary model that captures the complex topography underneath the glacier and solves for both the ice velocity and for the position of the shear margins. We find that both shear margins are prone to migration in response to ice thinning with basal strength and surface slope steepening determining their relative motion. We construct four end‐member cases of basal strength that represent different physical properties governing friction at the glacier bed and present two cases of ice thinning to contrast the effects of surface steepening and ice thinning. We test our model by hindcasting historic data and discuss how data from ongoing field campaigns could further be used to test our model.
Study protocol on prevalence of non-exudative macular neovascularisation and its contribution to prediction of exudation in fellow eyes with unilateral exudative AMD (EYE-NEON)
Authors: Thottarath Sridevi , Chandra Shruti , Gurudas Sarega , Tsai Wei-Shan , Giani Andrea , De Cock Eduard , Yamaguchi Taffeta Ching Ning , Sivaprasad Sobha ,   EYENEON Study Group, Burton Ben , Menon Geeta , Chandran Manju , Pearce Ian , Madusudhan Savitha , Grabowska Anna , Ghanchi Faruque , Talks James , Gale Richard , Mckibbin Martin , Kotagiri Ajay , Narendran Niro , Jafree Afsar , Younis Saad , Bailey Claire , Prakash Priya , Dinah Christiana , Gupta Nitin , Downey Louise , Lotery Andrew , Shah Paritosh , Chhabra Romi , Dhingra Narendra , Dias Indra , Freeman Mary , Hanumanthudu Daren , Burale Asma , Ramakrishnan Radha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Fellow eyes of patients with unilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) are at risk of developing macular neovascularisation (MNV). These eyes may first develop subclinical non-exudative MNV (neMNV) before they leak to form exudative MNV (eMNV). The EYE NEON study is a 2-year study aimed at estimating the prevalence and incidence of neMNV and evaluating its role as a predictor for conversion to neovascular AMD.

Methods
EYE NEON is a multicentre study that will run in retinal clinics across 25 National Health Service with the aim to recruit 800 patients with new onset nAMD in the first eye. The fellow-eye with no evidence of nAMD at baseline will be the study eye. All study eyes will have OCT and OCTA done at first and second year following first anti-VEGF treatment to the first eye (non-study eye), with new onset nAMD. We will estimate the prevalence and incidence of neMNV over 2 years, rate of conversion from neMNV to eMNV and numbers initiated on treatment for neovascular AMD in the study eye will be reported. Predictive models of conversion including neMNV with other demographic and imaging parameters will be developed.

Conclusion
The study design with proposed target sample size is sufficient to evaluate the retinal imaging characteristics of the study eyes with and without neMNV and develop predictive models to inform risk of conversion to nAMD.