bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of Respiratory Viruses in Children Less Than 2 Years Old in a Community-based Longitudinal US Birth Cohort
Authors: Teoh Zheyi , Conrey Shannon , McNeal Monica , Burrell Allison , Burke Rachel M , Mattison Claire , McMorrow Meredith , Payne Daniel C , Morrow Ardythe L , Staat Mary Allen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Respiratory viral infections are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in young children. Nevertheless, the population burden of respiratory viral infections, especially asymptomatic cases, is not known due to the lack of prospective community-based cohort studies with intensive monitoring.

Methods
To address this gap, we enacted the PREVAIL cohort, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–sponsored birth cohort in Cincinnati, Ohio, where children were followed from 0 to 2 years of age. Weekly text surveys were administered to record acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs), which were defined as the presence of cough or fever (≥38°C). Weekly midturbinate nasal swabs were collected and tested using the Luminex Respiratory Pathogen Panel, which detected 16 viral pathogens. Viral infection was defined as ≥1 positive tests from the same virus or viral subtype ≤30 days of a previous positive test. Maternal report and medical chart abstractions identified healthcare utilization.

Results
From 4/2017 to 7/2020, 245 mother–infant pairs were recruited and followed. From the 13 781 nasal swabs tested, a total of 2211 viral infections were detected, of which 821 (37%) were symptomatic. Children experienced 9.4 respiratory viral infections/child-year; half were rhinovirus/enterovirus. Viral ARI incidence was 3.3 episodes/child-year. Emergency department visits or hospitalization occurred with only 15% of respiratory syncytial virus infections, 10% of influenza infections, and only 4% of all viral infections. Regardless of pathogen, most infections were asymptomatic or mild.

Conclusions
Respiratory viral infections are common in children 0–2 years. Most viral infections are asymptomatic or non–medically attended, underscoring the importance of community-based cohort studies.
Applied winter biology: threats, conservation and management of biological resources during winter in cold climate regions
Authors: Reeve Connor , Robichaud Jessica A , Fernandes Timothy , Bates Amanda E , Bramburger Andrew J , Brownscombe Jacob W , Davy Christina M , Henry Hugh A L , McMeans Bailey C , Moise Eric R D , Sharma Sapna , Smith Paul A , Studd Emily K , O’Sullivan Antóin , Sutton Alex O , Templer Pamela H , Cooke Steven J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWinter at high latitudes is characterized by low temperatures, dampened light levels and short photoperiods which shape ecological and evolutionary outcomes from cells to populations to ecosystems. Advances in our understanding of winter biological processes (spanning physiology, behaviour and ecology) highlight that biodiversity threats (e.g. climate change driven shifts in reproductive windows) may interact with winter conditions, leading to greater ecological impacts. As such, conservation and management strategies that consider winter processes and their consequences on biological mechanisms may lead to greater resilience of high altitude and latitude ecosystems. Here, we use well-established threat and action taxonomies produced by the International Union of Conservation of Nature—Conservation Measures Partnership (IUCN-CMP) to synthesize current threats to biota that emerge during, or as the result of, winter processes then discuss targeted management approaches for winter-based conservation. We demonstrate the importance of considering winter when identifying threats to biodiversity and deciding on appropriate management strategies across species and ecosystems. We confirm our expectation that threats are prevalent during the winter and are especially important considering the physiologically challenging conditions that winter presents. Moreover, our findings emphasize that climate change and winter-related constraints on organisms will intersect with other stressors to potentially magnify threats and further complicate management. Though conservation and management practices are less commonly considered during the winter season, we identified several potential or already realized applications relevant to winter that could be beneficial. Many of the examples are quite recent, suggesting a potential turning point for applied winter biology. This growing body of literature is promising but we submit that more research is needed to identify and address threats to wintering biota for targeted and proactive conservation. We suggest that management decisions consider the importance of winter and incorporate winter specific strategies for holistic and mechanistic conservation and resource management.
Disparities and access to thoracic surgeons among esophagectomy patients in the United States
Authors: Alvarado Christine E , Worrell Stephanie G , Sarode Anuja L , Bassiri Aria , Jiang Boxiang , Linden Philip A , Towe Christopher W 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Esophagectomy is a complex operation with significant morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown that sub-specialization is associated with improved esophagectomy outcomes. We hypothesized that disparities would exist among esophagectomy patients regarding access to thoracic surgeons based on demographic, geographic, and hospital factors. The Premier Healthcare Database was used to identify adult inpatients receiving esophagectomy for esophageal and gastric cardia cancer, Barrett’s esophagus, and achalasia from 2015 to 2019 using ICD-10 codes. Patients were categorized as receiving their esophagectomy from a thoracic versus non-thoracic provider. Survey methodology was used to correct for sampling error. Backwards selection from bivariable analysis was used in a survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors of esophagectomy provider specialization. During the study period, 960 patients met inclusion criteria representing an estimated population size of 3894 patients. Among them, 1696 (43.5%) were performed by a thoracic surgeon and 2199 (56.5%) were performed by non-thoracic providers. On multivariable analysis, factors associated with decreased likelihood of receiving care from a thoracic provider included Black (OR 0.41, p &lt; 0.001), Other (OR 0.21, p &lt; 0.001), and Unknown race (OR 0.22, p = 0.04), and uninsured patients (OR 0.53, p = 0.03). Urban hospital setting was associated with an increased likelihood of care by a thoracic provider (OR 4.43, p = 0.001). In this nationally representative study, Nonwhite race, rural hospital setting, and lower socioeconomic status were factors associated with decreased likelihood of esophagectomy patients receiving care from a thoracic surgeon. Efforts to address these disparities and provide appropriate access to thoracic surgeons is warranted.
Remote sensing in forestry: current challenges, considerations and directions
Authors: Fassnacht Fabian Ewald , White Joanne C , Wulder Michael A , Næsset Erik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Remote sensing has developed into an omnipresent technology in the scientific field of forestry and is also increasingly used in an operational fashion. However, the pace and level of uptake of remote sensing technologies into operational forest inventory and monitoring programs varies notably by geographic region. Herein, we highlight some key challenges that remote sensing research can address in the near future to further increase the acceptance, suitability and integration of remotely sensed data into operational forest inventory and monitoring programs. We particularly emphasize three recurrent themes: (1) user uptake, (2) technical challenges of remote sensing related to forest inventories and (3) challenges related to map validation. Our key recommendations concerning these three thematic areas include (1) a need to communicate and learn from success stories in those geographic regions where user uptake was successful due to multi-disciplinary collaborations supported by administrative incentives, (2) a shift from regional case studies towards studies addressing ‘real world’ problems focusing on forest attributes that match the spatial scales and thematic information needs of end users and (3) an increased effort to develop, communicate, and apply best-practices for map and model validation including an effort to inform current and future remote sensing scientists regarding the need for and the functionalities of these best practices. Finally, we present information regarding the use of remote sensing for forest inventory and monitoring, combined with recommendations where possible, and highlighting areas of opportunity for additional investigation.
No Associations Between Glucosamine Supplementation and Dementia or Parkinson’s Disease: Findings From a Large Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ai Baozhuo , Chen Lan , Cai Miao , Fu Jiaying , Li Haitao , Lin Hualiang , Zhang Zilong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
We investigated the associations between habitual use of glucosamine and incident dementia and Parkinson’s disease in a population-based cohort.

Methods
Using the UK Biobank data, we included around 0.29 million middle- to old-aged participants free of dementia or Parkinson’s disease at baseline. Glucosamine supplementation was measured by questionnaire at baseline. Some participants additionally answered 1–5 rounds of 24-hour dietary recalls afterwards, particularly 112 243 participants (for dementia) and 112 084 (for Parkinson’s disease). Incident cases of dementia and Parkinson’s disease were identified through linkage to health administrative data sets. We examined the associations of glucosamine supplementation with incident dementia and Parkinson’s disease using Cox proportional-hazards regression models with adjustment for various covariates.

Results
During the study period (median follow-up: 9.1–10.9 years), 4 404 and 1 637 participants developed dementia and Parkinson’s disease, respectively. Glucosamine intake was not associated with incident dementia or Parkinson’s disease. In fully adjusted models, the hazard ratios associated with glucosamine intake were 1.06 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.99, 1.14] for dementia and 0.97(95% CI: 0.86, 1.09) for Parkinson’s disease. In the subsample, similar results were found as the frequency of reported glucosamine use over multiple dietary surveys was associated with neither of the 2 conditions.

Conclusions
Habitual supplementation of glucosamine was not associated with incident dementia or Parkinson’s disease.
How Age and Life Stage of Relocation Fosters Social Belonging: Comparing Two Groups of Older Migrants in the United States
Authors: Sun Ken Chih-Yan , Newendorp Nicole 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe presumed “ossification effect” of the past on older generations remains influential in the scholarship on aging and migration, orienting scholars to highlight the vulnerability of senior migrants in new societies. As a result, the ability of older generations to adapt to receiving societies has been underestimated and largely undifferentiated, and little is known about how age and life stage at arrival matter for how older individuals manage later-life transitions across borders.MethodsThis article compares 2 groups of Han Chinese senior migrants: recent arrivals (who migrated to the United States later in life) and long-term residents (who migrated to the United States during adulthood). We draw on 112 qualitative interviews and 4 years of ethnographic observation in 2 northeastern cities in the United States.ResultsWe argue that the life stage at arrival, coupled with class (dis)advantages, are central to analyzing the diverse ways older migrants stake claims to their belonging to American society. We offer the concept of “economies of belonging” to delineate the ways recent arrivals and long-term migrants anchor themselves socially and emotionally in the United States.DiscussionThrough examining the social relationships and state-provided resources that recent arrivals and long-term migrants use to cultivate social belonging and justify their social membership in American society, our analysis reveals that both groups of older migrants have preconceived American dreams before they emigrate, but their age at arrival offers differential opportunities to fulfill those dreams and influences how a sense of belonging unfolds later in life.
Identification of candidate genes that regulate the trade-off between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon (Cucumis melo L.)
Authors: Li Lili , Li Qiong , Chen Bin , Wang Jiyu , Ding Fei , Wang Panqiao , Zhang Xiuyue , Hou Juan , Luo Renren , Li Xiang , Zheng Jingwen , Yang Sen , Yang Luming , Zhu Lei , Sun Shouru , Ma Changsheng , Li Qin , Li Ying , Hu Jianbin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Trade-offs between survival and growth are widely observed in plants. Melon is an annual, trailing herb that produces economically valuable fruits that are traditionally cultivated in early spring in China. Melon seedlings are sensitive to low temperatures, and thus usually suffer from cold stress during the early growth period. However, little is known about the mechanism behind the trade-offs between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon. In this study, a total of 31 primary metabolites were detected from the mature fruits of eight melon lines that differ with respect to seedling cold tolerance; these included 12 amino acids, 10 organic acids, and 9 soluble sugars. Our results showed that concentrations of most of the primary metabolites in the cold-resistant melons were generally lower than in the cold-sensitive melons; the greatest difference in metabolite levels was observed between the cold-resistant line H581 and the moderately cold-resistant line HH09. The metabolite and transcriptome data for these two lines were then subjected to weighted correlation network analysis, resulting in the identification of five key candidate genes underlying the balancing between seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality. Among these genes, CmEAF7 might play multiple roles in regulating chloroplast development, photosynthesis, and the ABA pathway. Furthermore, multi-method functional analysis showed that CmEAF7 can certainly improve both seedling cold tolerance and fruit quality in melon. Our study identified an agriculturally important gene, CmEAF7, and provides a new insight into breeding methods to develop melon cultivars with seedling cold tolerance and high fruit quality.
Telomere-to-telomere carrot (Daucus carota) genome assembly reveals carotenoid characteristics
Authors: Wang Ya-Hui , Liu Pei-Zhuo , Liu Hui , Zhang Rong-Rong , Liang Yi , Xu Zhi-Sheng , Li Xiao-Jie , Luo Qing , Tan Guo-Fei , Wang Guang-Long , Xiong Ai-Sheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Carrot (Daucus carota) is an Apiaceae plant with multi-colored fleshy roots that provides a model system for carotenoid research. In this study, we assembled a 430.40 Mb high-quality gapless genome to the telomere-to-telomere (T2T) level of “Kurodagosun” carrot. In total, 36 268 genes were identified and 34 961 of them were functionally annotated. The proportion of repeat sequences in the genome was 55.3%, mainly long terminal repeats. Depending on the coverage of the repeats, 14 telomeres and 9 centromeric regions on the chromosomes were predicted. A phylogenetic analysis showed that carrots evolved early in the family Apiaceae. Based on the T2T genome, we reconstructed the carotenoid metabolic pathway and identified the structural genes that regulate carotenoid biosynthesis. Among the 65 genes that were screened, 9 were newly identified. Additionally, some gene sequences overlapped with transposons, suggesting replication and functional differentiation of carotenoid-related genes during carrot evolution. Given that some gene copies were barely expressed during development, they might be functionally redundant. Comparison of 24 cytochrome P450 genes associated with carotenoid biosynthesis revealed the tandem or proximal duplication resulting in expansion of CYP gene family. These results provided molecular information for carrot carotenoid accumulation and contributed to a new genetic resource.
Temperature-dependent Developmental Plasticity and Its Effects on Allen’s and Bergmann’s Rules in Endotherms
Authors: Tabh Joshua K R , Nord Andreas 
Published: May 2023

Synopsis
Ecogeographical rules, describing common trends in animal form across space and time, have provided key insights into the primary factors driving species diversity on our planet. Among the most well-known ecogeographical rules are Bergmann’s rule and Allen’s rule, with each correlating ambient temperature to the size and shape of endotherms within a species. In recent years, these two rules have attracted renewed research attention, largely with the goal of understanding how they emerge (e.g., via natural selection or phenotypic plasticity) and, thus, whether they may emerge quickly enough to aid adaptations to a warming world. Yet despite this attention, the precise proximate and ultimate drivers of Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules remain unresolved. In this conceptual paper, we articulate novel and classic hypotheses for understanding whether and how plastic responses to developmental temperatures might contributed to each rule. Next, we compare over a century of empirical literature surrounding Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules against our hypotheses to uncover likely avenues by which developmental plasticity might drive temperature-phenotype correlations. Across birds and mammals, studies strongly support developmental plasticity as a driver of Bergmann’s and Allen’s rules, particularly with regards to Allen’s rule. However, plastic contributions toward each rule appear largely non-linear and dependent upon: (1) efficiency of energy use (Bergmann’s rule) and (2) thermal advantages (Allen’s rule) at given ambient temperatures. These findings suggest that, among endotherms, rapid changes in body shape and size will continue to co-occur with our changing climate, but generalizing the direction of responses across populations is likely naive.
Ventriculo-arterial coupling for predicting cardiac index increase in infants after heart surgery
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Peng Yongxuan , Li Zhihao , Huang Jihong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to test the ability of ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC) to predict cardiac index (CI) response after milrinone infusion.

METHODS
This was a retrospective, observational study. We measured arterial blood pressure and echocardiography-derived variables, including CI, systemic vascular resistance index, arterial elastance (Ea) and end-systolic ventricular elastance before and after 18–24 h of milrinone infusion. VAC was calculated as the ratio of Ea to end-systolic elastance. Infants with over 15% increase in the CI were defined as CI responders. Logistical regression was used to evaluate predictors of CI responders.

RESULTS
We enrolled 92 infants who underwent cardiac surgery and received milrinone infusion, of whom 45 infants were CI responders. High VAC (odds ratio = 5.534, 95% confidence interval 2.339–13.090) and high Ea (odds ratio = 3.035, 95% confidence interval 1.459–6.310) were independently associated with cardiac index responders. Pre-milrinone VAC predicted CI responsiveness with a cut-off value of 1.12 (area under the curve = 0.900, 95% confidence interval 0.819–0.953, P &lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the infant's VAC, Ea and systemic vascular resistance index after milrinone infusion.

CONCLUSIONS
In infants with congenital heart disease after surgery, a pre-milrinone VAC &gt;1.12 can predict the increase in the CI following milrinone infusion.
Effect of nanoparticles on the evaporation of a salt water film
Authors: Alla Abderrahman Nait , Bammou Lahcen , Alami Samy , Najim Monssif , Charef Adil , Bouchta Said , Errai Mohamed , Feddaoui Mbarek 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The need for freshwater supply in different parts of the world has given great interest to the study of seawater desalination, which has led to the development of various innovative techniques in this field. The present numerical study contributes to the improvement of the evaporative desalination operation by introducing nanoparticles into the base fluid. The desalination technique considered in this study consists of a saltwater film falling along the inner wall of a vertical channel heated uniformly by a constant heat flux. The equations governing the flow and the heat and mass transfer associated with the boundary and interface conditions are solved numerically using the finite difference method. We considered two values of salinity, 10 and 39 g∙kg−1, which correspond respectively to brackish water and sea water with different types and volume fractions of nanoparticles in order to study the effect of the combination of these parameters on the enhancement of desalination by evaporation. The results showed that the evaporation process by injecting nanoparticles into salt water improves due to its positive effect on thermophysical properties. In addition, Al2O3 is significantly better for evaporative desalination than TiO2 and copper. Moreover, we can achieve the same heat and mass transfer performance by using 2% alumina instead of 4% TiO2.
Activated carbon derived from highland barley straw for removing heavy metals and organic pollutants
Authors: Yue Yihang , Yu Zexu , Yue Xiaoju , Zhou Wenkai , Wang Saiyu , Yang Yanxi , Lao Youliang , Yang Mengdi , Du Chun , Wang Shifeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Biomass activated carbon has been widely used in the field of wastewater treatment because of its unique properties, such as high specific surface area and porosity, good adsorption capacity, good mechanical strength, rich functional groups and thermal stability. In this work, highland barley straw is recycled and made into activated carbon using hydrothermal carbonization and alkaline activation processes in which the dependence of the product properties on the activation temperature, as one of the critical parameters, is intensively investigated. Under the optimum conditions at an activation temperature of 1100°C, activated carbon in the form of mesoporous structure and polycrystalline graphite was produced with a specific surface area as large as 1906 m2/g, which is superior to that of commercial products. To investigate the absorption capacity of the prepared samples for pollutants in water, such as heavy metals and organics, potassium dichromate and methylene blue were utilized as the simulated pollutants. The removal efficiency of Cr6+ and methylene blue in water reached 90.3% within 8 hours and 87.7% within 4 hours, respectively, and this demonstrated an excellent absorption capacity for activated carbon converted from agricultural waste. The successful fabrication of activated carbon with a super large specific surface area and remarkable adsorption ability derived from highland barley straw through a hydrothermal carbonization and alkaline treatment demonstrated the feasibility of the ‘turning waste into wealth’ recycling strategy. It has also shown great potential for use in environmental protection applications, especially for water purification.