bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glyphosate-resistant downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control using alternative herbicides applied postemergence
Authors: Geddes Charles M. , Pittman Mattea M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDowny brome is a troublesome facultative winter-annual grass weed that invades agricultural and nonagricultural lands in western North America and can cause substantial crop yield losses particularly in no-till winter wheat. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) downy brome was identified in southern Alberta in 2021, representing the first confirmation of a GR grass weed in Canada. This study was designed to evaluate alternative herbicides and herbicide mixtures applied postemergence (POST) for control of GR and glyphosate-susceptible (GS) downy brome populations at the seedling stage under a controlled environment. The GR downy brome did not exhibit cross-resistance to other herbicides applied POST. Quizalofop alone or in combination with imazamox, imazamox + bentazon, or imazamox/imazethapyr, and glufosinate mixed with either clethodim or tiafenacil resulted in ≥80% visible control, plant mortality, and reduction in biomass of both GR and GS downy brome populations 21 d after treatment. Diligent stewardship of these remaining herbicide options is warranted since downy brome populations with resistance to herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase or acetolactate synthase have been reported in neighboring states.
Nitrite Oxidation Across the Full Oxygen Spectrum in the Ocean
Authors: Sun Xin , Frey Claudia , Ward Bess B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFixed nitrogen limits primary productivity in most areas of the surface ocean. Nitrite oxidation is the main source of nitrate, the most abundant form of inorganic fixed nitrogen. Even though known as an aerobic process, nitrite oxidation is not always stimulated by increased oxygen concentration, and nitrite oxidation occurs in layers of oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) where oxygen is not detectable. Nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria, known since their original isolation as aerobes, were also detected in these layers. Whether and how nitrite oxidation is occurring in the anoxic seawater is debated. Here, we reassess recent advances in marine nitrite oxidation in OMZ regions using previous work and new data sets we collected in two Pacific OMZs. We analyze the complex relationship between nitrite oxidation and oxygen. We discuss potential mechanisms explaining nitrite oxidation in different layers of OMZs based on recent findings and propose future directions to resolve the controversial question of apparently anaerobic nitrite oxidation in anoxic layers.
Modular-designed engineered bacteria for precision tumor immunotherapy via spatiotemporal manipulation by magnetic field
Authors: Ma Xiaotu , Liang Xiaolong , Li Yao , Feng Qingqing , Cheng Keman , Ma Nana , Zhu Fei , Guo Xinjing , Yue Yale , Liu Guangna , Zhang Tianjiao , Liang Jie , Ren Lei , Zhao Xiao , Nie Guangjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicro-nano biorobots based on bacteria have demonstrated great potential for tumor diagnosis and treatment. The bacterial gene expression and drug release should be spatiotemporally controlled to avoid drug release in healthy tissues and undesired toxicity. Herein, we describe an alternating magnetic field-manipulated tumor-homing bacteria developed by genetically modifying engineeredEscherichia coliwith Fe3O4@lipid nanocomposites. After accumulating in orthotopic colon tumors in female mice, the paramagnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles enable the engineered bacteria to receive and convert magnetic signals into heat, thereby initiating expression of lysis proteins under the control of a heat-sensitive promoter. The engineered bacteria then lyse, releasing its anti-CD47 nanobody cargo, that is pre-expressed and within the bacteria. The robust immunogenicity of bacterial lysate cooperates with anti-CD47 nanobody to activate both innate and adaptive immune responses, generating robust antitumor effects against not only orthotopic colon tumors but also distal tumors in female mice. The magnetically engineered bacteria also enable the constant magnetic field-controlled motion for enhanced tumor targeting and increased therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the gene expression and drug release behavior of tumor-homing bacteria can be spatiotemporally manipulated in vivo by a magnetic field, achieving tumor-specific CD47 blockage and precision tumor immunotherapy.
A myoelectric digital twin for fast and realistic modelling in deep learning
Authors: Maksymenko Kostiantyn , Clarke Alexander Kenneth , Mendez Guerra Irene , Deslauriers-Gauthier Samuel , Farina Dario 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuscle electrophysiology has emerged as a powerful tool to drive human machine interfaces, with many new recent applications outside the traditional clinical domains, such as robotics and virtual reality. However, more sophisticated, functional, and robust decoding algorithms are required to meet the fine control requirements of these applications. Deep learning has shown high potential in meeting these demands, but requires a large amount of high-quality annotated data, which is expensive and time-consuming to acquire. Data augmentation using simulations, a strategy applied in other deep learning applications, has never been attempted in electromyography due to the absence of computationally efficient models. We introduce a concept of Myoelectric Digital Twin - highly realistic and fast computational model tailored for the training of deep learning algorithms. It enables simulation of arbitrary large and perfectly annotated datasets of realistic electromyography signals, allowing new approaches to muscular signal decoding, accelerating the development of human-machine interfaces.
Cable bacteria with electric connection to oxygen attract flocks of diverse bacteria
Authors: Bjerg Jesper J. , Lustermans Jamie J. M. , Marshall Ian P. G. , Mueller Anna J. , Brokjær Signe , Thorup Casper A. , Tataru Paula , Schmid Markus , Wagner Michael , Nielsen Lars Peter , Schramm Andreas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCable bacteria are centimeter-long filamentous bacteria that conduct electrons via internal wires, thus coupling sulfide oxidation in deeper, anoxic sediment with oxygen reduction in surface sediment. This activity induces geochemical changes in the sediment, and other bacterial groups appear to benefit from the electrical connection to oxygen. Here, we report that diverse bacteria swim in a tight flock around the anoxic part of oxygen-respiring cable bacteria and disperse immediately when the connection to oxygen is disrupted (by cutting the cable bacteria with a laser). Raman microscopy shows that flocking bacteria are more oxidized when closer to the cable bacteria, but physical contact seems to be rare and brief, which suggests potential transfer of electrons via unidentified soluble intermediates. Metagenomic analysis indicates that most of the flocking bacteria appear to be aerobes, including organotrophs, sulfide oxidizers, and possibly iron oxidizers, which might transfer electrons to cable bacteria for respiration. The association and close interaction with such diverse partners might explain how oxygen via cable bacteria can affect microbial communities and processes far into anoxic environments.
Genome mining unveils a class of ribosomal peptides with two amino termini
Authors: Ren Hengqian , Dommaraju Shravan R. , Huang Chunshuai , Cui Haiyang , Pan Yuwei , Nesic Marko , Zhu Lingyang , Sarlah David , Mitchell Douglas A. , Zhao Huimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe era of inexpensive genome sequencing and improved bioinformatics tools has reenergized the study of natural products, including the ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). In recent years, RiPP discovery has challenged preconceptions about the scope of post-translational modification chemistry, but genome mining of new RiPP classes remains an unsolved challenge. Here, we report a RiPP class defined by an unusual (S)-N2,N2-dimethyl-1,2-propanediamine (Dmp)-modified C-terminus, which we term the daptides. Nearly 500 daptide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) were identified by analyzing the RiPP Recognition Element (RRE), a common substrate-binding domain found in half of prokaryotic RiPP classes. A representative daptide BGC from Microbacterium paraoxydans DSM 15019 was selected for experimental characterization. Derived from a C-terminal threonine residue, the class-defining Dmp is installed over three steps by an oxidative decarboxylase, aminotransferase, and methyltransferase. Daptides uniquely harbor two positively charged termini, and thus we suspect this modification could aid in membrane targeting, as corroborated by hemolysis assays. Our studies further show that the oxidative decarboxylation step requires a functionally unannotated accessory protein. Fused to the C-terminus of the accessory protein is an RRE domain, which delivers the unmodified substrate peptide to the oxidative decarboxylase. This discovery of a class-defining post-translational modification in RiPPs may serve as a prototype for unveiling additional RiPP classes through genome mining.
Paternal methotrexate exposure affects sperm small RNA content and causes craniofacial defects in the offspring
Authors: Alata Jimenez Nagif , Castellano Mauricio , Santillan Emilio M. , Boulias Konstantinos , Boan Agustín , Arias Padilla Luisa F. , Fernandino Juan I. , Greer Eric L. , Tosar Juan P. , Cochella Luisa , Strobl-Mazzulla Pablo H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFolate is an essential vitamin for vertebrate embryo development. Methotrexate (MTX) is a folate antagonist that is widely prescribed for autoimmune diseases, blood and solid organ malignancies, and dermatologic diseases. Although it is highly contraindicated for pregnant women, because it is associated with an increased risk of multiple birth defects, the effect of paternal MTX exposure on their offspring has been largely unexplored. Here, we found MTX treatment of adult medaka male fish (Oryzias latipes) causes cranial cartilage defects in their offspring. Small non-coding RNA (sncRNAs) sequencing in the sperm of MTX treated males identify differential expression of a subset of tRNAs, with higher abundance for specific 5′ tRNA halves. Sperm RNA methylation analysis on MTX treated males shows that m5C is the most abundant and differential modification found in RNAs ranging in size from 50 to 90 nucleotides, predominantly tRNAs, and that it correlates with greater testicularDnmt2methyltransferase expression. Injection of sperm small RNA fractions from MTX-treated males into normal fertilized eggs generated cranial cartilage defects in the offspring. Overall, our data suggest that paternal MTX exposure alters sperm sncRNAs expression and modifications that may contribute to developmental defects in their offspring.
A continuum of icy satellites’ radar properties explained by the coherent backscatter effect
Authors: Hofgartner Jason D. , Hand Kevin P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe radar properties of icy satellites of Jupiter and Saturn commonly differ by more than an order of magnitude from those of rocky planets because of the lower absorptivity of water ice than that of rock. However, the specific mechanisms behind these differences are not confidently known yet. Here we show that the global radar albedos and the circular polarization ratios of icy satellites are correlated and vary together along a continuum, which is not satisfactorily explained by existing models. We modified a backscatter model that includes the coherent backscatter opposition effect (CBOE) and found that it fits successfully the observed continuum, indicative of CBOE’s primary role in driving the circular polarization ratios of icy satellites. We predict that the linear polarization ratios and the incidence angle variation properties also vary along the observed continuum, and that, globally, Europa and Enceladus have very heterogeneous surfaces/subsurfaces with very little microwave absorption. The modified CBOE model suggests that some worlds beyond Saturn’s orbit that are rich in non-water ices may have even more extreme radar properties.
Novel flexible and conformable composite neutron scintillator based on fully enriched lithium tetraborate
Authors: Pino Felix , Delgado Jessica Carolina , Carturan Sara Maria , Mantovani Giorgia , Polo Matteo , Fabris Daniela , Maggioni Gianluigi , Quaranta Alberto , Moretto Sandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThermal neutron detection is a key subject for nuclear physics research and also in a wide variety of applications from homeland security to nuclear medicine. In this work, it is proposed a novel flexible and conformable composite thermal neutron scintillator based on a fully enriched Lithium Tetraborate preparation ($$^{6}$$

6

Li$$_2^{10}$$

2
10

B$$_4$$

4

O$$_7$$

7

) combined with a phosphorescent inorganic scintillator powder (ZnS:Ag), and is then distributed into a polydimethylsiloxane matrix. The proposed scintillator shows a good neutron detection efficiency (max. $$\sim$$
∼
57% with respect to the commercial EJ-420), an average light output of $$\sim$$
∼
9000 ph/neutron-capture, a remarkable insensitivity to $$\gamma$$
γ
-rays (Gamma Rejection Ratio <10$$^{-11}$$

-
11

), and an extraordinary flexibility, so as to reach extremely small curvature radii, down to 1.5 mm, with no signs of cracking or tearing. Its characteristics make it suitable to be employed in scenarios where non-standard geometries are needed, for example, to optimize the detector performance and/or maximize the detection efficiency. Finally, the response of a hybrid detector made of a plastic scintillator, wrapped with the proposed scintillator, coupled to a silicon photomultiplier array is described, and the excellent discrimination between $$\gamma$$
γ
-rays, fast and thermal neutrons resulting from data processing is demonstrated.
Simple nested Bayesian hypothesis testing for meta-analysis, Cox, Poisson and logistic regression models
Authors: Rostgaard Klaus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany would probably be content to use Bayesian methodology for hypothesis testing, if it was easy, objective and with trustworthy assumptions. The Bayesian information criterion and some simple bounds on Bayes factor are closest to fit this bill, but with clear limitations. Here we develop an approximation of the so-called Bayes factor applicable in any bio-statistical settings where we have a d-dimensional parameter estimate of interest and the d x d dimensional (co-)variance of it. By design the approximation is monotone in thepvalue. It it thus a tool to transformpvalues into evidence (probabilities of the null and the alternative hypothesis, respectively). It is an improvement on the aforementioned techniques by being more flexible, intuitive and versatile but just as easy to calculate, requiring only statistics that will typically be available: e.g. apvalue or test statistic and the dimension of the alternative hypothesis.
Examining the impacts of DM filters to PFC isolated Ćuk converter for DCM operation by comparing Si and SiC MOSFET
Authors: Şehirli Erdal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExamining impacts of differential mode (DM) filter topologies covering pi, LC with damping, LC, LCL filter through isolated Ćuk single phase PFC converter is realized in this paper regarding to power factor, THD and efficiency. Application of PFC isolated Ćuk converter is conducted with 42 kHz switching frequency and 50 W power. Each filter is modeled, designed, and applied experimentally via isolated PFC Ćuk converter. Average model derivation based on state-space, for DCM operation of input side inductor of isolated PFC Ćuk converter that is not introduced in literature is the main contribution of the paper. Second main contribution is to analyze filter types by linear methods for the transfer functions cascading the converter and filter transfer functions, which is not presented for PFC converters. It is also presented that solely LCL filter which is not analyzed for PFC converters in detail in literature, does not give desired results. So, increasing the effectivity of LCL filter, new filter structure LCL with parallel C filter is proposed and modeled in this paper. Thanks to the applications, presented results of LCL with parallel C filter is better than others with 4.9% current THD and ‘1’ power factor. Proposed LCL filter ensures 45% reduction of total inductor value, comparing to LC filter. Besides, LCL with C filter provides better control characteristics with maximum allowable gain for stability as 0.7585 higher than other topologies. Moreover, practical design methodology of filter types avoiding complex mathematical procedure is given in this paper. Applications with each filters provide THD requirements, obtained 4.9% as a best value, lower than IEC61000-3-2 standard. Maximum percentage improvement comparing to the IEC61000-3-2 is 27.5% for third harmonic. Furthermore, SiC and Si Mosfets are employed separately in the converter and compared by using each DM filters regarding to power factor, THD, efficiency through applications. As a result, better efficiency with SiC Mosfet as 83% and better THD with Si Mosfet as 4.9% are conducted.
A Comparison of Voice Amplifiers and Personal Communication Systems for Hypophonia: An Exploration of Communicative Participation
Authors: Page Allyson D. , Schroeder Jessi-Rae , Knowles Thea , Jog Mandar , Adams Scott G. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate how individuals with hypophonia (HP; also referred to as HP participants) and their primary communication partners (PCPs; also referred to as PCP participants) rate communicative participation before and after experience with a speech amplification device. A secondary purpose was to evaluate pre- and post-device effects on self-rated communicative participation for each of the three speech amplification devices trialed outside of the laboratory.

Method:
Seventeen individuals with HP and their PCPs participated in a crossover design study that compared three different amplification devices: a wired belt-pack amplifier, a wireless stationary amplifier, and a personal frequency modulation (FM) system. Both the individuals with HP and their PCPs self-rated communicative participation at baseline and after trialing each device following 1-week device trial periods at home. Patient-reported outcome measures included the Communicative Effectiveness Survey (CES) and the Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP). Following study completion, participants indicated whether they would like to select a specific device to continue using.

Results:
Overall, HP participants rated communicative participation following device use higher than that in the pre-device condition, with the FM system resulting in the overall highest VAPP ratings and second highest CES ratings. Furthermore, HP and PCP participants rated these measures similarly. Finally, HP participants who selected a device to continue using self-reported lower total communicative effectiveness scores and greater voice activity limitations and participation restrictions at baseline in comparison to the nonselectors.

Conclusions:
This study contributes to an increased understanding of how communicative participation is experienced within this clinical population resulting from speech amplification. It is suggested that the inclusion of participation-based outcome measurement is essential to ensure a multidimensional and comprehensive approach to device prescription for individuals with HP.
The role of the chromospheric magnetic canopy in the formation of a sunspot penumbra
Authors: Lindner P. , Kuckein C. , González Manrique S. J. , Bello González N. , Kleint L. , Berkefeld T. 
Published: March 2023

Context. While it is conjectured that a chromospheric canopy plays a role in penumbra formation, it has been difficult to find observational evidence of the connectivity between the photosphere and the chromosphere.
Aims. We investigate the existence of a chromospheric canopy as a necessary condition for the formation of a penumbra. Another aim is to find the origin of the inclined magnetic fields.
Methods. Spectropolarimetric observations of NOAA AR 12776 from the GRIS spectrograph at the GREGOR telescope were analyzed. Atmospheric parameters were obtained from the deep photospheric Ca I 10 839 Å line (VFISV inversion code), the mostly photospheric Si I 10 827 Å line (SIR inversion code), and the chromospheric He I 10 830 Å triplet (HAZEL inversion code). We compared the photospheric and chromospheric magnetic topology of a sunspot sector with a fully-fledged penumbra to a sector where no penumbra formed. Additionally, imaging data from the BBI instrument, attached to the GREGOR telescope, in TiO-band and G-band were analyzed.
Results. In the deepest atmospheric layers, we find that the magnetic properties (inclination and field strength distribution) measured on the sunspot sector with fully-fledged penumbra are similar to those measured on the sector without penumbra. However, in higher layers the magnetic properties are different. In the region showing no penumbra, almost vertical chromospheric magnetic fields are observed. Additionally, thin filamentary structures with a maximum width of 0.1″ are seen in photospheric high-resolution TiO-band images in this region.
Conclusions. The existence of a penumbra is found to be determined by the conditions in the chromosphere. This indicates that a chromospheric canopy is a necessary condition for the formation of a penumbra. However, our results demonstrate that inclined fields in the chromospheric canopy are not needed for the development of inclined fields in the photosphere. We question the “fallen magnetic flux tubes” penumbra formation scenario and favor a scenario in which inclined fields emerge from below the surface and are blocked by the overlying chromospheric canopy.
Tabakentwöhnung bei COPD
Authors: Andreas Stefan , Kotz Daniel , Batra Anil , Hellmann Andreas , Mühlig Stephan , Nowak Dennis , Schultz Konrad , Worth Heinrich , Schüler Sabine 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungTabakabhängigkeit ist eine häufige Komorbidität bei Patient*innen mit COPD (englisch: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) und hat einen negativen Effekt auf den Verlauf der Erkrankung. Eine klinisch relevante Verbesserung der COPD kann jedoch nur durch vollständige und dauerhafte Abstinenz erreicht werden. Daher ist der Verzicht auf Tabakkonsum ein zentrales Therapiekonzept.Nach ausführlicher Dokumentation der Rauchgewohnheiten und einer motivierenden Beratung, in der die Risiken des Rauchens aufgezeigt werden, soll allen rauchenden Patient*innen mit COPD eine strukturierte Therapie zur Tabakentwöhnung angeboten werden. Es gibt hochwertige Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit einer Kombinationstherapie aus Verhaltenstherapie und Medikamenten (zur Behandlung des Entzugssyndroms). Aufgrund der aktuell unzureichenden Datenlage gibt es derzeit keine Empfehlung für die Verwendung von E-Zigaretten als primäre Option für einen Entwöhnungsversuch.Das Rauchen ist die mit Abstand häufigste Ursache der COPD. Die Tabakentwöhnung ist die wirksamste und kosteneffektivste Einzelmaßnahme, um das Risiko der COPD-Entstehung und das Voranschreiten der Erkrankung zu reduzieren.