bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet quality and associated factors in Brazilian undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Galvão Liana L. P. , Santos Thanise S. S. , Slater Betzabeth , Lyra Clélia de O. , Rolim Priscilla M. , Ramalho Alanderson A. , Dalamaria Tatiane , Martins Fernanda Andrade , Höfelmann Doroteia A. , Crispim Sandra P. , Gorgulho Bartira M. , Rodrigues Paulo R. M. , Marchioni Dirce M. , Maciel Bruna L. L. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDiet quality is associated with psychobiological, psychological, biological, and physiological factors of individuals, and in the context of prolonged stress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it can lead to a worsening of the quality of food for undergraduates. This study aimed to analyze diet quality and associated factors in Brazilian undergraduates.MethodsData were collected from 4,799 undergraduate students from all Brazilian regions, from August 2020 to February 2021. The online questionnaire contained socioeconomic variables, the ESQUADA scale to assess diet quality, self-referred changes in weight, the Brazilian food insecurity scale (EBIA), sleep assessment and the perceived stress scale. Unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study variables associated with poor and very poor diet quality.ResultsMost of participants presented a good diet quality (51.7%), while 9.8% had a poor or very poor diet quality and only 1.1% had an excellent diet quality. 58.2% of undergraduates reported to have an increase in weight during the pandemic and 74.3% of the students presented elevated stress during the pandemic. Logistic regressions showed students who gained weight during the pandemic presented the highest AOR = 1.56 (95% CI = 1.12–2.20) for poor or very poor diet quality. The elevated perceived stress was also associated with a higher AOR = 2.85 (95% CI = 1.71–4.74) for poor or very poor diet quality.ConclusionMost of the studied undergraduates presented a good diet quality. Nevertheless, poor/very poor diet quality was associated with higher perceived stress and weight gain. Our study indicated that policies should beaimed at the socioeconomically most vulnerable undergraduates, those in a situation of food and nutritional insecurity, high perceived stress, and who gained weight during the pandemic.
Elevation of preoperative serum hs-CRP is an independent risk factor for malnutrition in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Mao Yuantian , Liu Jinlu , Li Jiaming , Qiu Yue , Wang Zhen , Li Bopei , Liu Siyu , Tian Lei , Chen Junqiang 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundRecent studies have reported hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) linked to clinicopathological characteristics and nutritional status of the tumor, but its clinical significance in GC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative serum hs-CRP level and clinicopathological features and nutritional status in gastric cancer (GC) patients.MethodsThe clinical data of 628 GC patients who met the study criteria were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative serum hs-CRP level was divided into two groups (&lt;1 mg/L and ≥1 mg/L) to evaluate clinical indicators. Nutritional Risk Screening and nutritional assessment of GC patients were performed by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), respectively. The data were subjected to chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, respectively.ResultsThe analysis of 628 GC cases revealed that 338 patients (53.8%) were on malnutrition risk(NRS2002≥3 points), and 526(83.8%) had suspected/moderate to severe malnutrition(PG-SGA≥ 2 points). Preoperative serum hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with age, tumor maximum diameter (TMD), peripheral nerve invasion (PNI), lymph-vascular invasion (LVI), depth of tumor invasion (DTI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), pTNM stage, body weight loss (BWL), body mass index (BMI), NRS2002 score, PG-SGA grade, hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PAB) and total lymphocyte count (TLC). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that hs-CRP (OR=1.814, 95%CI=1.174-2.803; P=0.007), age, ALB, BMI, BWL and TMD were independent risk factors for existing malnutritional risk in GC. Similarly, non-malnutrition and suspected/moderate to severe malnutrition groups presented that hs-CRP (OR=3.346, 95%CI=1.833-6.122; P&lt; 0.001), age, HB, ALB, BMI and BWL were independent risk factors for malnutrition in GC.ConclusionIn addition to the generally used nutritional evaluation indicators such as age, ALB, BMI, and BWL, the hs-CRP level may be used as a nutritional screening and evaluation indicator for GC patients.
Analysis of bronchovascular patterns in the left superior division segment to explore the relationship between the descending bronchus and the artery crossing intersegmental planes
Authors: Li Zhikai , Zhao Qingtao , Wu Wenbo , Hu Zhonghui , Zhang Xiaopeng 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundA comprehensive understanding of the anatomical variations in the pulmonary bronchi and arteries is particularly essential to the implementation of safe and precise left superior division segment (LSDS) segmentectomy. However, no report shows the relationship between the descending bronchus and the artery crossing intersegmental planes. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the branching pattern of the pulmonary artery and bronchus in LSDS using three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) and to explore the associated pulmonary anatomical features of the artery crossing intersegmental planes.Materials and methodsThe 3D-CTBA images of 540 cases were retrospectively analyzed. We reviewed the anatomical variations of the LSDS bronchus and artery and assorted them according to different classifications.ResultsAmong all 540 cases of 3D-CTBA, there were 16 cases (44.4%) with lateral subsegmental artery crossing intersegmental planes (AX3a), 20 cases (55.6%) Without AX3a in the descending B3a or B3 type, and 53 cases (10.5%) with AX3a, 451 cases (89.5%) Without AX3a in the Without the descending B3a or B3 type. This illustrated that the AX3a was more common in the descending B3a or B3 type (P &lt; 0.005). Similarly, there were 69 cases (36.1%) with horizontal subsegmental artery crossing intersegmental planes (AX1 + 2c), 122 cases (63.9%) Without AX1 + 2c in the descending B1 + 2c type, and 33 cases (9.5%) with AX1 + 2c, 316 cases (90.5%) Without AX1 + 2c in the Without the descending B1 + 2c type. Combinations of the branching patterns of the AX1 + 2c and the descending B1 + 2c type were significantly dependent (p &lt; 0.005). The combinations of the branching patterns of the AX1 + 2c and the descending B1 + 2c type were frequently observed.ConclusionsThis is the first report to explore the relationship between the descending bronchus and the artery crossing intersegmental planes. In patients with the descending B3a or B3 type, the incidence of the AX3a was increased. Similarly, the incidence of the AX1 + 2c was increased in patients with the descending B1 + 2c type. These findings should be carefully identified when performing an accurate LSDS segmentectomy.
Medical cannabinoids for painful symptoms in patients with severe dementia: a randomized, double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled trial protocol
Authors: Bianchi Federica , Pautex Sophie , Wampfler James , Curtin François , Daali Youssef , Desmeules Jules Alexandre , Broers Barbara 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIn an observational study in Geneva (Switzerland), we found that administering a standardized THC/CBD oil was feasible, safe, and beneficial in an elderly polymedicated population with severe dementia, behavioral troubles, and pain. Those findings need to be confirmed in a randomized clinical trial.ObjectivesThe MedCanDem trial is a randomized, double-blind cross-over placebo-controlled trial to study the efficacy of cannabinoids in improving painful symptoms during severe dementia disorders in patients living in long-term care facilities in Geneva. This manuscript describes the MedCanDem trial protocol.Materials and methodsParticipants will be patients suffering from severe dementia associated with pain and behavioral troubles and living in long-term care facilities. We selected five facilities specialized in caring for severely demented patients in Geneva (Switzerland). A total of 24 subjects will be randomized 1:1 to the sequence study intervention/placebo or the sequence placebo/study intervention. Patients will receive study intervention treatment or placebo for eight weeks, and then after a one-week wash-out, treatments will be inversed for another eight weeks. The intervention will be a standardized THC/CBD 1:2 oil extract, and the placebo will be a hemp seed oil. The primary outcome is the reduction from the baseline of the Cohen-Mansfield score; secondary outcomes include the reduction in the Doloplus scale, the reduction of rigidity, the monitoring of concomitant drugs prescription and de-prescription, the safety assessment, and a pharmacokinetic evaluation. The primary and secondary outcomes will be assessed at the baseline, after 28 days, and at the end of both study periods. In addition, safety laboratory analysis, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and therapeutic drug monitoring for the cannabinoids will be evaluated through a blood sample analysis conducted at the beginning and the end of both study periods.Discussion and conclusionThis study will allow us to confirm the clinical results observed during the observational study. It represents one of the few studies aiming to prove natural medical cannabis efficacy in a population of non-communicating patients with severe dementia, experimenting with behavioral troubles, pain, and rigidity.Trial registrationThe trial has Swissethics authorization (BASEC 2022-00999), and it is registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05432206) and the SNCTP (000005168).
Safety of HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for anemia in dialysis patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Dinghua , Niu Yue , Liu Fei , Yang Yue , Wang Xue , Li Ping , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: May 2023

Aim: We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluating the safety and efficacy of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHIs) among dialysis chronic kidney disease patients.Methods: Safety was evaluated with any adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and 12 common events. Efficacy was mainly analyzed with hemoglobin response. All reported results were summarized using mean difference and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed through funnel plots.Results: Twenty trials (19 studies) with 14,947 participants were included, comparing six HIF-PHIs with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). No significant differences were indicated in overall AEs and SAEs between each HIF-PHI and ESA. The occurrence of gastrointestinal disorder was higher in enarodustat and roxadustat than in ESAs (RR: 6.92, 95% CI: 1.52–31.40, p = 0.01; RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04–1.61, p = 0.02). The occurrence of hypertension was lower in vadadustat than in ESAs (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69–0.96, p = 0.01). The occurrence of vascular-access complications was higher in roxadustat (RR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04–1.27, p&lt;0.01) and lower in daprodustat (RR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.66–0.92, p&lt;0.01) than in ESAs. In the risk of the other nine events, including cardiovascular events, no significant differences were observed between HIF-PHIs and ESAs. For hemoglobin response, network meta-analysis showed that compared with ESAs, significant increases were shown in roxadustat (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p&lt;0.01) and desidustat (RR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.48, p = 0.04), whereas noticeable reductions were indicated in vadadustat (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.94, p&lt;0.01) and molidustat (RR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98, p = 0.02). There was no significant difference between daprodustat and ESAs (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89–1.06, p = 0.47).Conclusion: Although HIF-PHIs did not show significant differences from ESAs in terms of overall AEs and SAEs, statistical differences in gastrointestinal disorder, hypertension, and vascular-access complications were observed between HIF-PHIs, which deserved to be noted in clinical decision making.Systematic review registration: This study is registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022312252)
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led clinical interventions on the health-related quality of life among TB patients
Authors: Khan Farman Ullah , Khan Faiz Ullah , Aqeel Muhammad Tahir , Hayat Khezar , Chang Jie , Rehman Asim ur , Fang Yu 
Published: May 2023

Background: The study was designed to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led clinical interventions on the health-related quality of life among tuberculosis patients in Pakistan.Methods: A randomized, controlled prospective study was carried out in a Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital tuberculosis (TB) control center. Participants who visited the TB center between September 2020 and December 2021 were randomly assigned to two clusters, the usual care group (UC group) vs. the intervention group (pharmaceutical care group), in a 1:1 ratio by a simple envelope technique. In the intervention group, a patient received centered care that encompassed informed decision-making, which can increase the quality of care and monitoring of adverse drug events. However, the control group received routine TB treatment at the hospital. The EuroQol-5D-3L instrument was used to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at the baseline and in the third and sixth months of the treatment time period.Results: A total of 503 patients were eligible, of which only 426 patients were included in this study. At the end of the study, n = 205 of the patients in the intervention group and n = 185 of those in the control group were analyzed. In the intervention group, the EQ-5D-3L health utility score improved significantly (p &lt; 0.001) (from the baseline mean ± SD, 0.40 ± 0.36, to 6 months of treatment, 0.89 ± 0.09, while in the control group from 0.42 ± 0.35 to 0.78 ± 0.27). In multivariate regression analysis, the variables that remained statistically associated (p &lt; 0.001) with the HRQoL (unstandardized β [95% confidence interval]) of the control group were as follows: gender, female vs. male (-0.039 [-0.076 to -0.003]); body weight, less than 40 kg vs. more than 40 kg (-0.109 [-0.195 to -0.024]); patients with any comorbidity vs. without comorbidity (-0.136 [-0.252 to -0.020]); and smokers vs. non-smokers (-0.204 [-0.291 to -0.118]). The study did not find any statistically significant associations between the intervention group’s variables and the HRQoL.Conclusion: Patient-centered care interventions led by pharmacists as part of care coordination enhanced the HRQoL for TB patients significantly. According to this study, clinical pharmacists should be included in the interdisciplinary clinical staff for TB patient management.
Case report: Fatal poisoning caused by additive effects of two barbiturates
Authors: Takei Sella , Kinoshita Hiroshi , Jamal Mostofa , Kumihashi Mitsuru , Yamashita Tadayoshi , Tanaka Etsuko , Kawahara Sachiko , Abe Hiroko , Tsutsui Kunihiko , Kimura Shoji 
Published: May 2023

A case of fatal poisoning involving multiple psychotropic drugs is presented. Quantitative toxicological analysis showed femoral blood concentrations of pentobarbital, phenobarbital, duloxetine, acetaminophen and tramadol were 10.39, 22.57, 0.22, 0.61 and 0.22 μg/ml, respectively. We concluded that the death was due to the additive effects of two barbiturates. As both pentobarbital and phenobarbital act on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, central nervous system activity was suppressed, causing respiratory depression. Additive pharmacological effects should be considered in cases of massive ingestion of multiple drugs.
Carrier-envelope offset frequency measurement by means of an external optical resonator
Authors: Giannotti Dario , Suerra Edoardo , Canella Francesco , Cialdi Simone , Laporta Paolo , Galzerano Gianluca 
Published: May 2023

A general-purpose method based on the implementation of the asymmetric Pound–Drever–Hall (PDH) technique is proposed to measure the carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency of a mode-locked laser using an external optical cavity. By analyzing the synchronously demodulated signal of the spectrally filtered cavity reflection when the optical resonator is locked to the mode-locked laser, a discriminating signal depending on the relative frequency offset between the mode-locked and optical cavity comb-like spectra is obtained. For a given geometry and group delay dispersion (GDD) of the cavity parameters (i.e., a known cavity mode offset), this signal can be used to retrieve the laser CEO. This approach turns out to be advantageous in terms of setup complexity with respect to other well-known techniques that rely on non-linear frequency generation, such as f–2f interferometers. In addition, this method can be used to precisely determine the laser–cavity spectral coupling, which is an important topic in cavity-enhanced spectroscopy and non-linear optics applications. After the theoretical description of the generalized asymmetric PDH signal, an experimental validation of the proposed method is reported using an Er-doped fiber frequency comb source centered at 1,550 nm, with a repetition rate of 250 MHz, locked to a linear optical cavity with a 1 GHz free spectral range. The theoretical effect of the GDD is confirmed experimentally using different cavity configurations. Moreover, the comparison with the CEO frequency values measured using an f–2f interferometer demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed method.
Blaming it on NATO? Framing the role of NATO in the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine on Twitter
Authors: Kobilke Lara , Kulichkina Aytalina , Baghumyan Ani , Pipal Christian 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionSince social media has become a significant tool for conflict communication amid the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, researchers have grown more interested in the digital content citizens are exposed to.MethodsTo further investigate the role of social media in the ongoing invasion, we conducted a manual content analysis to examine tweets in English, Russian, and German that explicitly mentioned NATO in the context of the full-scale invasion during February to May 2022. Our analysis explored how these language-specific Twitter communities framed NATO's role in the conflict.ResultsWe found that English-speaking tweeters were more likely to hold NATO responsible for finding a solution and least likely to blame NATO for the war compared to German and Russian speakers. We also observed that the Russian-speaking Twitter community exhibits a comparatively lower tendency to hold NATO accountable for the ongoing war as compared to their German-speaking counterparts, and they are also notably the least likely to expect NATO to bring an end to the war. Finally, English-speaking Twitter users who attribute blame to NATO for the ongoing war tend to adhere to a preconceived notion, rather than arriving at an interpretation based on the situation at hand. This is in contrast to the Russian-speaking community, where the opposite is true. German-speaking users fall somewhere in between these two perspectives.DiscussionOur research contributes to the literature by providing a novel integration of conceptual and methodological perspectives on the framing and stance-taking of social media users during wartime, addressing known research gaps in the comparative analysis of these discussions, i.e., adding “non-English” perspectives. It also highlights the importance of cultural and linguistic sensitivity when addressing responsibility in armed conflicts and the need to consider the diverse perspectives derived from divergent problem definitions and evaluative standards.
The emergence of phonological dispersion through interaction: an exploratory secondary analysis of a communicative game
Authors: Roberts Gareth , Clark Robin 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionWhy is it that phonologies exhibit greater dispersion than we might expect by chance? In earlier work we investigated this using a non-linguistic communication game in which pairs of participants sent each other series of colors to communicate a set of animal silhouettes. They found that above-chance levels of dispersion, similar to that seen in vowel systems, emerged as a result of the production and perception demands acting on the participants. However, they did not investigate the process by which this dispersion came about.MethodTo investigate this we conducted a secondary statistical analysis of the data, looking in particular at how participants approached the communication task, how dispersion emerged, and what convergence looked like.ResultsWe found that dispersion was not planned from the start but emerged as a large-scale consequence of smaller-scale choices and adjustments. In particular, participants learned to reproduce colors more reliably over time, paid attention to signaling success, and shifted towards more extreme areas of the space over time.ConclusionThis study sheds light on the role of interactive processes in mediating between human minds and the emergence or larger-scale structure, as well as the distribution of features across the world's languages.
Mixed-mode Zentangle and Pastel Nagomi artwork for improving mental well-being in university students during COVID-19 pandemic – a randomized controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Cheung Kin , Ma Ka Yan , Tsang Hilda , Leung Nok Hang , Lui Ka Yee , Ho Sze Wing 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundUniversity students are identified as a high-risk group for mental health problems. Artworks have been found effective in enhancing individuals’ mental well-being in different populations, but none have been conducted on university students. This study was to address this research gap to determine the feasibility and estimate the preliminary effects of Zentangle and Pastel Nagomi on the mental well-being of undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodThis was a 3-arm randomized controlled trial, with 33 undergraduates allocated to two 8-week artworks (Zentangle or Pastel Nagomi Art group) and a control group. Data were collected at baseline, and weeks 4, 6, 8, and 12. Focus group interviews were conducted at the 12-week follow-up.ResultsThe consent and attrition rates were 80.5 and 6.06%, respectively. The attendance rate ranged from 83.3 to 100%. Compared with the control group, the Pastel Nagomi art group had a significant improvement in retaining positive affect at week 6. This retention could be further observed at week 12. Moreover, the Zentangle group had a significant increase in positive affect at week 4, with better retention at week 12. In addition, the within-group analyses showed that the Pastel Nagomi art group had significantly decreased negative affect at weeks 6 and week 12; and the Zentangle group had significantly decreased depression at week 8. The qualitative findings suggested that the intervention resulted in the participants enjoying the artwork process, and being proud of their artwork and personal growth.LimitationThe study included an imbalance number of online vs. face-to-face sessions, and repeated measures may have affected the results.ConclusionThe study suggests that both artworks are effective in improving undergraduates’ mental well-being and that it is feasible to conduct future large-scale studies (263 words).