bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Something Valid This Way Comes: A Study of Neologicism and Proof-Theoretic Validity
Authors: Stafford Will 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe interplay of philosophical ambitions and technical reality have given birth to rich and interesting approaches to explain the oft-claimed special character of mathematical and logical knowledge. Two projects stand out both for their audacity and their innovativeness. These are logicism and proof-theoretic semantics. This dissertation contains three chapters exploring the limits of these two projects. In both cases I find the formal results offer a mixed blessing to the philosophical projects.Chapter 1. Is a logicist bound to the claim that as a matter of analytic truth there is an actual infinity of objects? If Hume’s Principle is analytic then in the standard setting the answer appears to be yes. Hodes’s work pointed to a way out by offering a modal picture in which only a potential infinity was posited. However, this project was abandoned due to apparent failures of cross-world predication. I re-explore this idea and discover that in the setting of the potential infinite one can interpret first-order Peano arithmetic, but not second-order Peano arithmetic. I conclude that in order for the logicist to weaken the metaphysically loaded claim of necessary actual infinities, they must also weaken the mathematics they recover.Chapter 2. There have been several recent results bringing into focus the super-intuitionistic nature of most notions of proof-theoretic validity. But there has been very little work evaluating the consequences of these results. In this chapter, I explore the question of whether these results undermine the claim that proof-theoretic validity shows us which inferences follow from the meaning of the connectives when defined by their introduction rules. It is argued that the super-intuitionistic inferences are valid due to the correspondence between the treatment of the atomic formulas and more complex formulas. And so the goals of proof-theoretic validity are not undermined.Chapter 3. Prawitz (1971) conjectured that proof-theoretic validity offers a semantics for intuitionistic logic. This conjecture has recently been proven false by Piecha and Schroeder-Heister (2019). This chapter resolves one of the questions left open by this recent result by showing the extensional alignment of proof-theoretic validity and general inquisitive logic. General inquisitive logic is a generalisation of inquisitive semantics, a uniform semantics for questions and assertions. The chapter further defines a notion of quasi-proof-theoretic validity by restricting proof-theoretic validity to allow double negation elimination for atomic formulas and proves the extensional alignment of quasi-proof-theoretic validity and inquisitive logic.Abstract prepared by Will Stafford extracted partially from the dissertation.E-mail: stafford@flu.cas.czURL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/33c6h00c
Punitive Justice: When Race and Mental Illness Collide in the Early Stages of the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Rampersaud Marsha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractYouths in care are among the most vulnerable youths in our society. All youths in care have experienced trauma and sometimes exhibit trauma-induced behaviours which are perceived by others as disruptive or dangerous. The police are frequently called, which begins a cycle of criminalization for many youths, with racialized youths overrepresented in this group. Using an intersectional theoretical framework, this article shows how discriminatory perceptions of race and mental health influence justice system actors’ decision-making, from arrest to bail. Drawing on data from qualitative interviews with twenty-five young adults (ages 18 to 24) who have had contact with the child welfare and criminal justice systems and ten practicing lawyers in Ontario, the analysis reveals race-based differences in justice system actors’ responses to mental illness. Discriminatory views function as a lens through which racialized and mentally ill youths leaving care are perceived as threats and met with more punitive responses.
Equivariant Brill–Noether theory for elliptic operators and superrigidity of J-holomorphic maps
Authors: Doan Aleksander , Walpuski Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The space of Fredholm operators of fixed index is stratified by submanifolds according to the dimension of the kernel. Geometric considerations often lead to questions about the intersections of concrete families of elliptic operators with these submanifolds: Are the intersections nonempty? Are they smooth? What are their codimensions? The purpose of this article is to develop tools to address these questions in equivariant situations. An important motivation for this work are transversality questions for multiple covers of J-holomorphic maps. As an application, we use our framework to give a concise exposition of Wendl’s proof of the superrigidity conjecture.
Transition density of an infinite-dimensional diffusion with the jack parameter
Authors: Zhou Youzhou 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFrom the Poisson–Dirichlet diffusions to theZ-measure diffusions, they all have explicit transition densities. We show that the transition densities of theZ-measure diffusions can also be expressed as a mixture of a sequence of probability measures on the Thoma simplex. The coefficients are the same as the coefficients in the Poisson–Dirichlet diffusions. This fact will be uncovered by a dual process method in a special case where theZ-measure diffusions are established through an up–down chain in the Young graph.
Not in the Eye of the Beholder: Racialization, Whiteness, and Beauty Standards in Mexico
Authors: Krozer Alice , Gómez Andrea 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article explores the role “whiteness” takes on in Mexico, where colonial, religious, and social heritages elevate it as an aesthetic ideal, simultaneously denying its underlying racism. It argues that skin tone is one of many physical and nonphysical features that together shape the concept of whiteness in a context of fluid, relational, and intertwined categories of class and racial classifications. Women in particular are pressured to “whiten” their bodies in adherence to beauty standards that reflect the collective aspiration of the country’s ethnically mixed society. Using empirical evidence, the article outlines Mexicans’ aesthetic perceptions and explores their attempts to approach these through bodily presentations and adjustments. It then discusses how the local beauty industry acts as a practical tool and a discursive mediator toward racialized appearances. Possessing its own historical, political, and racial background deeply entangled with whiteness, this sector reinforces the subjective basis of discriminatory practices in Mexico.
No decrease in perseverance and performance on cognitive tasks in Danish cohort of hormonal contraceptive users
Authors: Byg Maria Nissen , Dioni Andrea , Winterdahl Michael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCognitive consequences of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) are largely underexplored, despite the popularity of use. This study investigates the association between perseverance during cognitively challenging tasks and the use of HCs among Danish women. We hypothesised that women using HCs show decreased perseverance across tasks compared to their naturally cycling counterparts. We further hypothesised that HC using women would show decreased performance as a measure of accuracy (i.e. more incorrect answers) compared to naturally cycling women. The study used a cross-sectional repeated measures design, consisting of a Danish version of the Anagram Persistence Task and the Hagen Matrices Test, followed by an extensive survey documenting menstrual and HC history for each participant. The study was conducted online. Data processing was conducted on data from 129 participants. The former hypothesis was analysed through multilevel regression with a nested random effects structure on log-transformed data. The latter hypothesis was analysed through a multilevel generalised linear model with a nested random effects structure using the binomial family. No support was found for either of the hypotheses.
Factors influencing the sex ratio at birth in the United States from a historical perspective
Authors: Sánchez-Barricarte Jesús J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany of the studies on the sex ratio at birth (SRB) are based on a small number of cases over a short period of time. Taking a multivariate approach to a dataset consisting of nearly 199 million birth records in the United States from 1968 to 2019, we present a detailed analysis of several possible factors that might affect the sex ratio at birth (SRB) and its patterns of variation. We found that race/ethnicity is the variable with the strongest influence on this index. Parental age, birth order and solar radiation also have a bearing on the SRB, albeit only to a moderate degree. The historical evolution of the SRB among Black and American Indian and Alaska Native populations remains unexplained.
Trader Competition in Fragmented Markets: Liquidity Supply Versus Picking-Off Risk
Authors: Bernales Alejandro , Garrido Nicolás , Sagade Satchit , Valenzuela Marcela , Westheide Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBy employing a dynamic model with two limit order books, we show that fragmentation is associated with reduced competition among liquidity suppliers and lower picking-off risk of limit orders. Due to these countervailing channels, the impact of fragmentation on liquidity and welfare differs with asset volatility: When volatility is high (low), liquidity and aggregate welfare in a fragmented market are higher (lower) than in a single market. However, fragmentation always shifts welfare away from agents with exogenous trading motives and toward intermediaries. We empirically corroborate our model’s predictions about liquidity. Our model reconciles the mixed results in the empirical literature.
PLOT: a 3D point cloud object detection network for autonomous driving
Authors: Zhang Yihuan , Wang Liang , Dai Yifan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract3D object detection using point cloud is an essential task for autonomous driving. With the development of infrastructures, roadside perception can extend the view range of the autonomous vehicles through communication technology. Computation time and power consumption are two main concerns when deploying object detection tasks, and a light-weighted detection model applied in an embedded system is a convenient solution for both roadside and vehicleside. In this study, a 3D Point cLoud Object deTection (PLOT) network is proposed to reduce heavy computing and ensure real-time object detection performance in an embedded system. First, a bird’s eye view representation of the point cloud is calculated using pillar-based encoding method. Then a cross-stage partial network-based backbone and a feature pyramid network-based neck are implemented to generate the high-dimensional feature map. Finally, a multioutput head using a shared convolutional layer is attached to predict classes, bounding boxes, and the orientations of the objects at the same time. Extensive experiments using the Waymo Open Dataset and our own dataset are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
Belgium and probability in the nineteenth century: The case of Paul Mansion
Authors: Mazliak Laurent 
Published: January 2023

ArgumentThis paper explores how the Belgian mathematician Paul Mansion became interested in probability theory. In comparison to many other countries at the time, probability theory had a much stronger presence in Belgium. In addition, Mansion, who was an avowed Catholic militant, had found probability theory to be a useful means of reflecting on certain problems pertaining to determinism and randomness that were arising in scientific debates at the time. Mansion’s work took place during a time of consolidation of mathematical education in Belgium, as well as a new interest in probabilistic results and the foundation of the Institute for Philosophy in Louvain by his friend Désiré Mercier. The present paper addresses how these aspects intersected at the turn of the twentieth century.
Moral Significance and Overpermissiveness
Authors: Akova Fırat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs opposed to overdemanding principles which ask individuals to sacrifice too much, there are overpermissive principles which ask individuals to sacrifice too little. Determining the extent to which one should sacrifice often comes with the need of understanding what is of moral significance. By analysing different readings of moral significance, and singling out one specific interpretation of moral significance which links moral significance to gaining or losing a considerable amount of welfare, I demonstrate that one of the well-known principles of Peter Singer, the Weaker Principle of Sacrifice, is overpermissive as it exempts deliberately cultivated morally significant lavish pursuits from the domain of sacrifice. Overpermissiveness not only renders moral principles unreasonably broad but also causes burdens to be distributed unjustifiably in a comparative sense, where some parties are assigned a moral obligation whereas others are not.
Battleship, tomography and quantum annealing
Authors: Casper W. Riley , Grimes Taylor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe classic game of Battleship involves two players taking turns attempting to guess the positions of a fleet of vertically or horizontally positioned enemy ships hidden on a
$10\times 10$
grid. One variant of this game, also referred to as Battleship Solitaire, Bimaru or Yubotu, considers the game with the inclusion of X-ray data, represented by knowledge of how many spots are occupied in each row and column in the enemy board. This paper considers the Battleship puzzle problem: the problem of reconstructing an enemy fleet from its X-ray data. We generate non-unique solutions to Battleship puzzles via certain reflection transformations akin to Ryser interchanges. Furthermore, we demonstrate that solutions of Battleship puzzles may be reliably obtained by searching for solutions of the associated classical binary discrete tomography problem which minimise the discrete Laplacian. We reformulate this optimisation problem as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimisation problem and approximate solutions via a simulated annealer, emphasising the future practical applicability of quantum annealers to solving discrete tomography problems with predefined structure.
Mathematikspiele in der Familie
Authors: Niklas Frank , Ogrissek Lena , Lehrl Simone , Grolig Lorenz , Berner Valérie-D. 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung: Mathematische Aktivitäten im Familienkontext hängen mit frühen mathematischen Kompetenzen zusammen. Die Erfassung der Home Numeracy Environment (HNE) mittels Fragebögen birgt aber die Gefahr der sozial erwünschten Beantwortung. Diese Studie stellt den mathematischen Titelrekognitionstest für das Kindergartenalter (TRT-Mathe-K) vor, durch den sozial erwünschtes Antwortverhalten begrenzt wird. In einer Pilotstudie mit N = 76 Eltern wurde eine Liste von 87 mathematischen und nicht-mathematischen Kinderspielen hinsichtlich ihrer Bekanntheit abgefragt. Die Berücksichtigung der Kinderspieltitel mit einer Trennschärfe > .2 führte zur Entwicklung zweier Parallelversionen des TRT-Mathe-K. In einer Studie mit N = 193 Familien wurden Kindergartenkinder hinsichtlich nonverbaler Intelligenz, Sprachfähigkeit und früher mathematischer Kompetenzen untersucht und zum familiären Hintergrund befragt. Der TRT-Mathe-K erwies sich als ein ökonomisches, reliables und valides Messinstrument für die Nutzung von mathematischen Kinderspielen in der HNE, das signifikant mit frühen mathematischen Kompetenzen korrelierte und diese auch unter Berücksichtigung von Kontrollvariablen vorhersagen konnte.
Rainfall Wet Spells Variability Across Temperature Mean‐Change Years in the Northwestern Himalayan Region
Authors: Suri Ankur , Jena Pravat , Azad Sarita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTemperatures have risen at a faster rate across various mountainous regions around the world. A study of the changing rainfall patterns and their spatiotemporal variability is critical for agricultural, water resource, and hydrological planning and management. The goal of this research is twofold: first, using functional data analysis climate change hotspots are determined, which in turn identified most temperature increases in high elevations. Second, these hotspots are utilized to investigate the impact of temperature changes on the frequency of extreme rainfall events in this Northwestern Himalaya region. Our study observed that the frequency of rainfall extremes, such as, at the 90th, 95th, and 99.99th percentile values, is found to be increasing mostly in lower Himalayan regions. A warmer atmosphere leads to heavy precipitation events as the capacity of air to hold moisture increases with the increase in temperature. The continuous temperature rise possibly indicates an increase in extreme rainfall events in the region. Further, this study reports an interesting finding that can help us better understand the impact of climate change in the region: the frequency of shorter wet spells has increased around the recent mean‐change year, whereas the frequency of long spells has reduced. The frequency of longest wet spells shows a decrease across all seasons, leading to drought in the higher altitude region, whereas the short‐wet spell frequency has increased in the lower altitude regions. Insight into the changing patterns of rainfall is crucial for hydrological and agricultural management.
Investigation on the Anomalous Weakening of Diurnal Tides in the Mesosphere‐Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Prijith S. S. , Kumar K. Kishore 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVariations in tidal characteristics assume importance as far as the atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling is concerned. The present study examines short‐term variabilities in diurnal tidal characteristics, using one decade (2006–2015) of wind measurements in the mesosphere‐lower thermosphere (MLT) region over a near equatorial location, Thumba (8.5°N, 77°E). The study presents two distinct events of anomalous tidal weakening, with decrease in monthly mean tidal amplitude by −38 ms−1 (−26 ms−1) in February 2010 and −17 ms−1 (−8 ms−1) in January 2012 at 98 km (91 km). These events are observed to be coinciding with the occurrence of strong quasi‐two‐day wave (QTDW). Compared to pre‐event conditions, decrease (increase) in tidal (QTDW) amplitudes at 91 km is −13.03 ms−1 (34.97 ms−1) and −15.65 ms−1 (52.81 ms−1) during the first and second event, respectively. However, causative mechanisms are found to be different for both the events. While the former event is primarily due to parametric excitation of phase locked 2‐day waves by diurnal tide, the latter one is mainly due to non‐linear interaction between tide and QTDW and subsequent generation of secondary waves. While QTDW phase is relatively stable during the former event, it shows steep temporal variations during the latter one. Changes in background wind conditions are also found to be more conducive for weakening of diurnal tide during the former event. These anomalous changes in tidal characteristics would have significant impacts on ionospheric processes. The significance of this study lies in providing observational evidence for the existence of different pathways through which QTDW affects tidal amplitudes over the low‐latitude MLT region.
Three‐Dimensional Thermoporoelastic Modeling of Hydrofracturing and Fluid Circulation in Hot Dry Rock
Authors: Li Sanbai , Zhang Dongxiao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGeothermal energy, featured as a renewable low‐carbon energy resource, exhibits great potential in mitigating global warming. However, efficient mining of geothermal energy from hot dry rock remains challenging due to the lack of a thermoporoelastic modeling approach that allows for integrated simulation of hydrofracturing and fluid circulation, and poor understanding of the mechanisms of hydraulic stimulations. To conquer these challenges, we propose an advanced modeling approach, which enables us to deal with the interplay between fluid transport, heat transfer, rock deformation, and three‐dimensional fractures' growth and interaction. Based on the thermoporoelastic model, a refined investigation is performed to determine the hydrofracturing and fluid circulation processes, using data collected from the EGS Collab Experiment 1. This meso‐scale testbed involves creating major hydraulic fractures, accompanied by numerous secondary hydroshearing fractures, hydraulically connecting two horizontal wellbores to build a fluid circulation system. All wellbores in the testbed were heavily instrumented with monitoring devices, offering high‐quality data to properly constrain the geomechanical model. Our study provides insights into: (a) how the EGS Collab testbed responds to propagating fractures with strong stress shadowing and long‐term injection of chilled water; (b) why the parallel pattern of two hydraulic fractures with a distance much smaller than the fracture dimension forms during multi‐staged hydraulic stimulations; and (c) what the mechanisms are that determine hydrofracturing performance. Overall, this work not only contributes to a novel modeling approach for integrated simulation of hydrofracturing and fluid circulation, but advances our understanding of creating enhanced geothermal systems with interconnected fracture networks.
Estimation of Geometric Factors for the Particle Detecting Instruments of the Geostationary Satellite GK2A at 128.2°E Longitude Based on Observations of the Outer Radiation Belt During Geomagnetically Quiet Periods
Authors: Seol W.‐H. , Lee C.‐H. , Seon J. , Shin Y.‐C. , Kim K.‐H. , Larson D. E. , Parks G. K. , Sample J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present a method to determine energy‐dependent geometric factors for charged particle instruments in electron energy range of 125–2,200 keV aboard the geostationary satellite GEO‐KOMPSAT‐2A (GK2A), stationed at 128.2°E longitude. As deduced from the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation, the response function of the instrument in a matrix form was employed to undertake forward‐fitting of the differential energy spectra against various functions such as the double Maxwellian (DM), relativistic kappa (KP), and power‐law (PL). Thereby, we determined the energy‐dependent geometric factors for each energy channel and instrument. The forward‐fitting method was performed for a selected period of geomagnetically quiet days from May to November 2019, by applying stringent conditions to geomagnetic indices and the residual from the fit. It was found that the KP and DM functions provided better fits overall, whereas the PL function yielded considerably worse fits to the measurements. For the KP and DM functions, the validity of the geometric factors was examined against the distributions of the measured count rates and inferred model fluxes. The estimated model parameters, such as the spectral index from the KP function or the temperature from the DM functions, were also analyzed. The present study shows that the instruments provided quantitative observations of the outer radiation belt at a vantage point of 128.2°E longitude and allowed for a simple and reliable means to obtain electron fluxes based on combinations of results from numerical simulation, ground calibration, and space measurements.