bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct letters to relatives at risk of hereditary cancer – study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial of healthcare-assisted versus family-mediated risk disclosure at Swedish cancer genetics clinics (DIRECT-study)
Authors: Hawranek Carolina , Ehrencrona Hans , Öfverholm Anna , Hellquist Barbro Numan , Rosén Anna 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The results of genetic investigation for hereditary cancer are of importance to the individual patients, but also to their genetic at-risk relatives. Standard care is to encourage the proband (first family member under investigation) to pass on this risk information to the relatives. Previous research suggests that with family-mediated disclosure only about a third of at-risk relatives contact health care to receive genetic counselling. In some studies, complementing family-mediated risk disclosure with healthcare-assisted risk disclosure almost doubles the uptake of genetic counselling in at-risk relatives. In this study we evaluate healthcare-assisted direct letters to relatives at risk of hereditary cancer syndromes in a randomised controlled trial.
Methods: Probands are recruited from Swedish outpatient cancer genetics clinics to this two-arm randomised controlled trial. The study recruits probands with either a pathogenic variant in a cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, MLH1, MSH2/EPCAM, MSH6, PMS2) or probands with familial breast and colorectal cancer based on clinical and pedigree criteria. In both arms probands receive standard care, i.e., are encouraged and supported to pass on information to relatives. In the intervention arm, the proband is also offered to have direct letters sent to the at-risk relatives. The primary outcome measure is the proportion of at-risk relatives contacting a Swedish cancer genetics clinic within 12 months of the proband receiving the test results.
Discussion: This paper describes the protocol of a randomised controlled clinical trial evaluating a healthcare-assisted approach to risk disclosure by offering the probands to send direct letters to their at-risk relatives. The results of this study should be informative in the future development of risk disclosure practices in cancer genetics clinics.
Trial registration; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04197856 (pre-trial registration on December 13, 2019). • https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04197856?id=NCT04197856&draw=2&rank=1&load=cart
Also registered at the website “RCC Cancerstudier i Sverige” as study #86719).
Psychiatric and Systemic Risk Factors for Dry Eye Disease in Adult Korean Population Aged 40 Years or Older: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (KNHANES VII)
Authors: Hyon Joon Young , Lee Jae Yeon , Hyon Joon Young , Han Sang Beom 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and various psychiatric and systemic diseases in an adult Korean population aged 40 years or older.
Methods: Population-based cross-sectional data of 6,732 participants aged ≥ 40 years was extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 (KNHANES VII). Data including DED, demographic variables, behavioral factors, psychiatric conditions, and systemic diseases was analyzed to determine the prevalence and psychiatric and systemic risk factors for DED.
Results: The weighted prevalence of DED was 7.9 ± 0.4% (mean ± SE). Multivariate analysis showed that female sex and urban residence were associated with an increased risk of DED. The prevalence of DED was lower in patients aged ≥70 years than in those aged 40–69 years. Psychological conditions including perceived stress and depression were associated with the risk of DED. Systemic conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative arthritis, osteoporosis, ischemic heart disease, and chronic renal failure had association with an increased risk of DED.
Conclusion: DED may be associated with several psychiatric and systemic conditions, which highlights the need for an integrated approach to manage these diseases for optimal treatment of DED.
Effect of observer’s cultural background and masking condition of target face on facial expression recognition
Authors: Nagata Masahito , Okajima Katsunori 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Facial expression recognition (FER) is affected by the cultural background of the observers and the evaluation method. Moreover, the perceived emotions depend on the masking condition of the target face. The effect of these conditions on FER has not been explored clearly. To clarify them, we conducted a FER experiment for 17 East Asians. As a result, the most notable differences in the observer’s race and masking condition were responses to "fear." East Asians were more likely to perceive the "fear" perceived by Westerners as “surprise.” Then, the “fear” perceived by East Asians for non-masked faces was perceived as "surprise” for masked faces. Regarding the eye-opening rate of the target faces, Westerners interpreted widely-opening eyes as indicative of "surprise" and "fear" whereas East Asians interpreted this as "surprise." The comparison of the vote rates, accounting for ambiguous responses, revealed that the "sadness" perceived by Westerners was perceived as "disgust" by East Asians. These results suggested that characteristics of FER differed depending on the observer's cultural background and the masking condition of the target face and that these factors should be considered in machine learning-based FER that relies solely on human-judged labels.
Major ions and trace metals in glacial meltwaters nearby Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard
Authors: Shen Zhan , Ye Liping , Zhang Jing , Ma Hongmei , Zhang Ruifeng 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ny-Ålesund, located in Arctic Svalbard, is one of the most sensitive areas on Earth under global warming. Accelerated glacier ablation has become remarkable in Ny-Ålesund in recent years. Glacial meltwaters discharge a significant amount of materials to the ocean, affecting downstream ecosystems and adjacent oceans. In August 2015, various water samples were taken near Ny-Ålesund, including proglacial meltwater, supraglacial meltwater, englacial meltwater, and groundwater. Trace metals (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb), major ions, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and electric conductivity were also measured. Major ions were mainly controlled by chemical weathering intensity and reaction types, while trace metals were influenced by both chemical weathering and physicochemical control upon their mobility. Indeed, we found Brøggerbreen was dominated by carbonation of carbonate for carbonate weathering, while Austre Lovénbreen and Pedersonbreen were dominated by sulfide oxidation coupled with carbonate dissolution, with a doubled silicate weathering. The higher enrichment of trace metals in supraglacial meltwater compared to proglacial meltwater suggested anthropogenic pollution from atmospheric deposition. In proglacial meltwater, principal component analysis indicated that trace metals like Cr, Al, Co, Mn and Cd were correlated to chemical weathering. This implies that under the accelerated glacier retreating, glacier derived chemical components are subjected to the future changes in weathering types and intensity.
Identification and validation of hub genes related to immunity of ovarian cancer
Authors: Cong Shanshan , Fu Yao , Zhao Xibo , Guo Qiuyan , Liang Tian , Wu Di , Wang Jing , Zhang Guangmei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OV) is characteristic of high incidence rate and fatality rate in the malignant tumors of female reproductive system. Researches on pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for OV need to be continued. This study mainly analyzed the immune-related pathogenesis and discovered the key immunotherapy targets for OV.Methods WGCNA was used for excavating hub gene modules and hub genes related to immunity of OV. Enrichment Analysis were aimed to analyze the related pathways of hub gene modules. Biological experiments were used for exploring the effect of hub genes on SKOV3 cells.Results We identified two hub gene modules related to the immunoscore of OV and found that these genes in the modules were related to the extracellular matrix and viral infections. At the same time, we also discovered six hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Among them, KIF26B and CREB3L1 can affect the proliferation, migration and invasion of SKOV3 cells by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Conclusions The local infection or inflammation of ovarian may affect the immunity of OV. KIF26B and CREB3L1 are expected to be potential targets for the immunotherapy of OV.
Effects of smashing ridge tillage and spring irrigation combination treatment on water, salinity and cotton yield in drip irrigation cotton fields
Authors: Xue Bao , Liu Hongguang , Tang Hua , Tian Rumeng , Gong Ping , Wang Tangang , Li Pengfei , Li Ling , Yang Changkun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background and Aims Soil salinization in Xinjiang seriously restricts the growth of cotton. In recent years, smashing ridge tillage technology has been introduced into saline-alkali land management. However, the effects of different smashing ridge tillage depths and spring irrigation amounts on soil water and salt and cotton yield are not clear.
Methods This study was conducted in Tumushuk, Xinjiang, through a two-year field experiment (2021 and 2022), to analyze the effects of smashing ridge tillage depth (F1: 40, F2: 60 and F3: 80 cm) and spring irrigation amount (W1: 2400, W2: 3000 and W3: 3600 m3/ha) on saline cotton fields, the optimal smashing ridge tillage depth and spring irrigation amount zone were determined by the multi-objective optimization method.
Results The results reveal the ability of the smashing ridge tillage and spring irrigation combination treatment to significantly increase soil moisture (P<0.01) and reduce soil salinity (P<0.01), and altered of salinization degree from severe to moderate and mild. Moreover, the soil salt ions (Na+, Cl-, SO42- and Ca2+) were effectively leached, and the soil hydrochemical species gradually changed from SO42-—Ca2+·Na+ to SO42-·HCO3-—Ca2+. The emergence rate and cotton yield significantly increased following the application of smashing ridge tillage and spring irrigation (P<0.05), the average yield was maximized under the W2F2 treatment (6025 kg/ha) in two years. The yield, economic benefit, water productivity and salt leaching efficiency were maximized at the spring irrigation amount of 2862-2923 m3/ha and smashing ridge tillage depth of 71-73 cm. The results of this study provide scientific basis and technical guidance for the improvement of saline-alkali land in southern Xinjiang.
Development and application of a home-based exercise program for patients with left ventricular dysfunction: A pilot study
Authors: Lee Mi Kyung , Lee Chan Joo , Goo Seon Young , Lee Tae Ho , Moon Jin Young , Jung Jiyoung , Kim Min Jung , Shin Sang Hee , Kim Jong Nam , Han Sung Nim , Lee Jung Eun , Lee Jong Young , Chung Ick-Mo , Jeon Justin Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is recommended for patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the participation and completion rates for hospital-based CR are low, and home-based CR has been suggested as an alternative. This study aimed to develop a home-based CR program and assess its feasibility over a 6-week period in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or a history of myocardial infarction (MI).Methods The study consisted of two parts: Pilot Study 1 focused on developing an exercise protocol, while Study 2 aimed to assess the feasibility of a 6-week home-based CR program. Eight patients participated in Study 1 and 16 participated in Study 2. The home-based CR exercise program in Study 2 was developed based on the results of Study 1 and included two exercise education sessions and four telephone counseling sessions.Results Participants expressed overall satisfaction with the exercise program in Study 1. Heart rate increased in response to exercise, but this did not correspond with perceived exertion. In Study 2, 13 out of 16 participants (81.3%) completed the 6-week home-based CR program, with a participation rate of 100% in both exercise education and phone counseling sessions. Adherence to the exercise protocol was 83.1% and no serious adverse events were observed. At the beginning of the study, only three out of 13 participants (23.1%) met the requirements for both aerobic and resistance exercises, but at the end of the 6-week program, 10 out of 13 participants (76.9%) fulfilled the requirements.Conclusion The exercise program developed in this study was safe and feasible, and the 6-week home-based CR program was feasible and effective in increasing the physical activity levels of patients with left ventricular dysfunction without any reported adverse effects.
Relationship between Cardiovascular Risk and ADLs' Disability among Middle-aged and Older Adults in China: Evidence from a Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhao Yihao , Chen Chen , Wu Yu , Shao Ruitai , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Backgrounds: The effect of FGCRS on disability will not be immediate and may have a lag time between the experienced cardiovascular risk and the ultimate health outcome. However, how this effect changes over time is not known. Based on data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we aimed to investigate the association between cardiovascular risk and activities of daily living disability among Chinese middle-aged and older adults and to examine the lag effect of cardiovascular risk on individual ADLs’ disability.
Methods: Means ± standard deviation were used to describe continuous variables and numbers (percentages) to categorical variables. Logistic regression analysis and a distributed-lag model were used to estimate the correlations and lag effect between FGCRS and ADLs disability (BADL and IADL). All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 17.0, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: In 2018, Out of 6,123 participants, 23.54% reported at least one difficulty in basic activities of daily living and 28.04% had at least one difficulty in instrumental activities of daily living. After adjusting for all the covariates, a positive correlation was identified between FGCRS and ADL disability (BADL: OR = 1.023, IADL: OR = 1.028), and the correlation varied by age, gender, living regions, and income. In the longitudinal research, baseline CVD risk was significantly associated with the risk of ADL disability in 2 to 7 years.
Conclusions: Elevated cardiovascular risk was significantly associated with subsequent functional limitations in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
Intractable hiccups after VNS implantation: A case report
Authors: Recio Susan Zhang , Abdennadher Myriam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Hiccups (medically termed, “singultus”), when intractable, can cause significant medical consequences such as aspiration, malnutrition, and depression, leading to poor quality of life. Several case reports have shown that vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation can help treat central idiopathic intractable hiccups. However, we present a contrary case of a patient who developed intractable singultus following VNS placement for medically refractory epilepsy.Case presentation We report a 71-year-old male patient with drug-resistant epilepsy who underwent VNS implantation and developed intractable hiccups shortly thereafter. The hiccups were severe and persistent, such that the patient developed a Mallory-Weiss tear, requiring intensive care, invasive intubation and mechanical ventilation, and a prolonged rehabilitation course. Despite multiple therapies including phrenic nerve block and Nissen fundoplication, the patient’s hiccups persisted and only stopped once the VNS was permanently deactivated.Conclusions To the best knowledge of these authors, this is the first case of hiccups as a direct consequence of VNS implantation that has been reported in the literature. The clinical impact of this report is significant given the relative unfamiliarity of hiccups as an adverse effect of VNS implantation. Neurologists and epileptologists, who present VNS implantation as a surgical option for seizure control to their patients, should be aware of the possibility of singultus development and its significant physical and emotional ramifications.
Enhanced Cultivation of Chicken Primordial Germ Cells: A Comparison of Enriched and Defined Media
Authors: Dehdilani Nima , Taemeh Sara Yousefi , Rival-Gervier Sylvie , Montillet Guillaume , Kress Clémence , Christian Jean , Goshayeshi Lena , Dehghani Hesam , Pain Bertrand 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The cultivation and expansion of chicken primordial germ cells (cPGCs) is of critical importance for both biotechnological applications and the management of poultry genetic biodiversity. The feeder-free culture system has become the most popular approach for the cultivation and expansion of chicken primordial germ cells. However, despite some success in the cultivation of PGCs, the reproducibility of culture conditions across different laboratories remains a challenge. This study aimed to compare two defined and enriched media for the growth of cPGCs originating from the Hubbard JA57 broiler.Methods To this end, cPGCs were isolated from the embryonic blood of 14–16 Hamburger–Hamilton (HH) stages and cultured at various time points. The Growth properties and characteristics of these cells were evaluated in two different culture conditions and their migratory properties were assessed after genetic engineering and injection into the vasculature of 2.5-day-old chicken embryos.Results The main finding of this study was that the use of an enriched medium resulted in improved growth properties of PGCs compared to a defined medium.Conclusions The ability to cultivate and expand cPGCs is crucial for various key approaches and a robust supportive medium can help to accelerate the generation of both genetically engineered birds in avain transgenesis approach and breeds of interest from local or commercial origins. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of choosing an appropriate culture medium for cPGC growth and expansion.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Iranian infertile men and its association with semen quality
Authors: Niakan Sarah , Faghihloo Ebrahim , Mofarahe Zahra Shams , Novin Marefat Ghaffari , Raee Pourya , Karimi Maryam , Nazarian Hamid 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The present article aims to elucidate the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and possible association between HPV infection and semen parameters in infertile Iranian men.
Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study included semen samples from 140 male partners in couples seeking fertility evaluation. Standard semen analysis was performed. In addition, sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), sperm chromatin maturation, presence of anti-sperm antibodies, leukocyte count, and Fructose and Zinc concentration were also assessed. Nested PCR and INNO-LiPA assay were used to identify HPV-DNA sequences in semen samples and determine HPV genotype, respectively.
Results: HPV DNA was detected in 18/140 (12.85%) of the semen samples (10% high-risk (HR), 2.14% low-risk (LR) genotypes, and one sample was excluded). Our findings revealed that HPV18 was the most prevalent type (8.57%). According to our result, the presence of HPV DNA in the semen samples was associated with a higher white blood cell count (leukocytospermia) (P=0.02). We also observed that LR HPV-positive semen samples were associated with higher DFI values (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed that the presence of HPV in semen samples was associated with leukocytospermia. We also observed that the presence of low-risk genotypes in semen samples was associated with higher sperm DFI values. These results point to the importance of careful screening for the presence of HPV in semen samples from infertile men. It should also be noted that more studies are required to have a more comprehensive view of the relationship between HPV infection and semen quality.
The Cavitation Characteristics of Aerospace High-Speed Centrifugal Pumps with Different Tip Clearance
Authors: CHAO Wen-xiong , WANG Wang-cheng , ZHANG Wei , BAI Gao-yang , DONG Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

This study investigates the Tip Clearance Cavitation (TCC) characteristics of three different Tip Clearances (TC) ,The values of TC are 0.4mm, 0.6mm, and 0.8mm respectively, and five inlet negative pressure conditions Pj=(-20-60)kPa to improve the reliability of the aerospace high-speed centrifugal pump during in-orbit operation, based on the premise of good agreement between the TC 0.6 test curve and the simulation performance curve. Under negative pressure and high-speed conditions, the variation gradient of cavitation characteristics with various inlet negative pressures is non-linear and has a sudden change, but the trend becomes stable after the inlet negative pressure drops to a certain stage. The tip clearance cavitation characteristics vary from the blade surface cavitation characteristics due to the difference in forces on both sides. This study is a good starting point for the design of aerospace power pumps.
Fast jet stream winds get faster under climate change
Authors: Shaw Tiffany , Miyawaki Osamu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Earth’s upper-level jet streams influence the speed and direction of travel of weather systems [1–3] and commercial aircraft [4]. The fastest jet stream winds are also linked to severe weather occurrence [5–7]. Climate change is known to accelerate the average speed of the jet stream [8, 9]. However, little is known about how the fastest jet stream winds will change. Here we show fast jet stream winds get faster under climate change using daily data from climate model projections across a hierarchy of physical complexity. The fastest winds also increase substantially more than the average winds. We show the fast get faster response follows from the moist get moister response under climate change. Climate models project the signal will emerge in both hemispheres by 2045. The results show moist thermodynamics can explain projected future changes in commercial flight times and clear-air turbulence, including a potential increase in severe weather occurrence under climate change.