bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of experiments as a tool to guide the preparation of tailor-made activated carbons
Authors: Schaubeder Jana B. , Guizani Chamseddine , Selinger Julian , Mautner Andreas , Hummel Michael , Spirk Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractActivated carbon produced from biomass exhibits a high specific surface area due to the natural hierarchical porous structure of the precursor material. To reduce production costs of activated carbon, bio-waste materials receive more and more attention, which has led to a steep increase in the number of publications over the past decade. However, the characteristics of activated carbon are highly dependent on the properties of the precursor material used, making it difficult to draw assumptions about activation conditions for new precursor materials based on published work. Here, we introduce a Design of Experiment methodology with a Central Composite Design to better predict the properties of activated carbons from biomass. As a model precursor, we employ well-defined regenerated cellulose-based fibers which contain 25 wt.% chitosan as intrinsic dehydration catalyst and nitrogen donor. The use of the DoE methodology opens up the possibility to better identify the crucial dependencies between activation temperature and impregnation ratio on the yield, surface morphology, porosity and chemical composition of the activated carbon, independent of the used biomass. The use of DoE yields contour plots, which allows for more facile analysis on correlations between activation conditions and activated carbon properties, thus enabling its tailor-made manufacturing.
High prevalence of parasitic chytrids infection of glacier algae in cryoconite holes in Alaska
Authors: Kobayashi Kino , Takeuchi Nozomu , Kagami Maiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGlacier algae, which are photosynthetic microbes growing on ice, considerably reduce the surface albedo of glaciers and accelerate their melting rate. Although the growth of glacier algae can be suppressed by parasitic chytrids, the impact of chytrids on algal populations is still largely unknown. In this study, we described the morphology of the chytrid infecting the glacier algaAncylonema nordenskioeldiiand quantified the prevalence of infection in different habitats on a mountain glacier in Alaska, USA. Microscopic observations revealed three different morphological types of chytrids with distinct rhizoid shapes. Variations in the size of the sporangia were probably because of their different growth stages, indicating that they actively propagated on the glacier. The prevalence of infection did not vary among sites with different elevations but was substantially higher in cryoconite holes (20%) than on ice surfaces (4%) at all sites. This indicates that cryoconite holes are hot spots for chytrid infections of glacier algae, and the dynamics of cryoconite holes might affect the host–parasite interactions between chytrids and the glacier algae, which may in turn alter surface albedo and ice melting.
BSTS synthesis guided by CALPHAD approach for phase equilibria and process optimization
Authors: Alnaser Husain F. , Sparks Taylor D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work presents a new method for processing single-crystal semiconductors designed by a computational method to lower the process temperature. This research study is based on a CALPHAD approach (ThermoCalc) to theoretically design processing parameters by utilizing theoretical phase diagrams. The targeted material composition consists of Bi–Se2–Te–Sb (BSTS). The semiconductor alloy contains three phases, hexagonal, rhombohedral-1, and rhombohedral-2 crystal structures, that are presented in the phase field of the theoretical pseudo-binary phase diagram. The semiconductor is also evaluated by applying Hume–Rothery rules along with the CALPHAD approach. Thermodynamic modelling suggests that single-crystals of BSTS can be grown at significantly lower temperatures and this is experimentally validated by low-temperature growth of single crystalline samples followed by exfoliation, compositional analysis, and diffraction.
Genome-wide identification, expression profile and evolutionary relationships of TPS genes in the neotropical fruit tree species Psidium cattleyanum
Authors: Canal Drielli , Escudero Frank Lino Guzman , Mendes Luiza Alves , da Silva Ferreira Marcia Flores , Turchetto-Zolet Andreia Carina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTerpenoids are essential for plant growth, development, defense, and adaptation mechanisms.Psidium cattleyanum(Myrtaceae) is a fleshy fruit tree species endemics from Atlantic Forest, known for its pleasant fragrance and sweet taste, attributed to terpenoids in its leaves and fruits. In this study, we conducted genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of the terpene synthase gene (TPS) family inP. cattleyanumred guava (var.cattleyanum), and yellow guava (var.lucidum Hort.) morphotypes. We identified 32 full-length TPS in red guava (RedTPS) and 30 in yellow guava (YlwTPS). We showed different expression patterns of TPS paralogous in the two morphotypes, suggesting the existence of distinct gene regulation mechanisms and their influence on the final essential oil content in both morphotypes. Moreover, the oil profile of red guava was dominated by 1,8-cineole and linalool and yellow guava was enriched in α-pinene, coincident in proportion to TPS-b1 genes, which encode enzymes that produce cyclic monoterpenes, suggesting a lineage-specific subfamily expansion of this family. Finally, we identified amino acid residues near the catalytic center and functional areas under positive selection. Our findings provide valuable insights into the terpene biosynthesis in a Neotropical Myrtaceae species and their potential involvement in adaptation mechanisms.
Enriching adenosine by thymine-rich DNA oligomers
Authors: Liu Mingchun , Chen Huaiqing , Huang Yuhan , Liu Jian , Chen Qianfeng , Zuo Hua , Fang Liang , Mao Chengde 
Published: March 2023

Proposed model for the complexes formed by poly(thymine) (poly(T)) and Ado (or adenine). Complexes formed from ado/adenine and (a) poly(T) strands, (b) a hairpin-containing poly(T) strand, and (c) a clamp-containing poly(T) strand.
Video2mesh: 3D human pose and shape recovery by a temporal convolutional transformer network
Authors: Chao Xianjin , Ge Zhipeng , Leung Howard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrom a 2D video of a person in action, human mesh recovery aims to infer the 3D human pose and shape frame by frame. Despite progress on video‐based human pose and shape estimation, it is still challenging to guarantee high accuracy and smoothness simultaneously. To tackle this problem, we propose a Video2mesh, a temporal convolutional transformer (TConvTransformer) based temporal network which is able to recover accurate and smooth human mesh from 2D video. The temporal convolution block achieves the sequence‐level smoothness by aggregating image features from adjacent frames. The subsequent multi‐attention transformer improves the accuracy due to its multi‐subspace for better middle‐frame feature representation. Meanwhile, we add a TConvTransformer discriminator which is trained together with our 3D human mesh temporal encoder. This TConvTransformer discriminator further improves the accuracy and smoothness by restricting the pose and shape in a more reliable space based on the AMASS dataset. We conduct extensive experiments on three standard benchmark datasets and show that our proposed Video2mesh outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art methods in both accuracy and smoothness.
Deadlock detection, cooperative avoidance and recovery protocol for mixed autonomous vehicles in unstructured environment
Authors: Qi HongSheng , Song Yang , Huang ZhiTong , Hu XianBiao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDeadlock is an extreme traffic flow operational state during rush hours. Many literatures have studied autonomous vehicle coordination under the umbrella of deadlock‐free conditions. These researches either assume the trajectories are fixed or state spaces are discrete and limited on structured road spaces or don't consider the influence of human‐driven vehicles (HDV), which are not controllable from the system's viewpoint. This manuscript relaxes the above limitations and proposes a method to detect, avoid, and recover from deadlock for mixed autonomous vehicles flow. Firstly, two types of deadlocks, weak and strong , are defined based on deadlock properties. Next, two detection algorithms based on evasion distance propagation are proposed. After that, we present a cooperative control method to avoid deadlock based on chain‐spillover‐free and loop‐free strategies. If a deadlock has already happened, cooperative protocols based on re‐routing and backward‐forward strategies are designed. The proposed model is tested in Carla. The results show that the deadlocks can be detected 13 seconds earlier than their occurrence, and it takes about 6 seconds to unlock the existing deadlock. The results also show that with the proposed deadlock avoidance algorithm, the traffic throughput can be increased by 35.7%, and with the proposed deadlock recovery protocol, the traffic throughput can be increased by another 18%.
A fuel consumption model for mixed traffic flow in multiple connected and autonomous scenarios
Authors: Huang Jianchang , Song Guohua , Wu Yizheng , Zhai Zhiqiang , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Leqi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe potential increase/decrease in energy consumption of traffic operation modes is a hot topic in the studies of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs), but there are few theoretical studies on the fuel consumption of human driving vehicles (HDVs) and CAV mixed platoon as a result of limited data. Based on the power distribution of light‐duty vehicles, this study developed a fuel consumption model for HDV and CAV mixed platoons by theoretical hypothesis considering the oscillation along with the platoon. Firstly, a vehicle‐specific power (VSP) distribution conforming to normal distribution is constructed with hypothesis‐based VSP standard deviation and constant VSP average value at each speed bin under different platoon arrangement conditions. Then, the fuel factors (mL/km) are calculated by weighted fuel rate (mL/s) according to the VSP distribution. Finally, a library of fuel consumption values for multiple penetration rates, platoon intensities, and speeds was established. In the case, at a speed of 30 km/h, the fuel consumption in the CAV group was reduced by 0.8–5%, 1.9–12.5%, 8.6–12%, and 12.4%, respectively, at the penetration rate of 20%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, compared to the HDV group. The fuel consumption reduction effect of CAV was negatively correlated with the speed.
Robust deadbeat predictive current control of induction motor drives with improved steady state performance
Authors: Zhang Haonan , Zhang Yongchang , Zhu Yeyuan , Wang Xing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConventional deadbeat predictive current control (DBPCC) based on space vector modulation (SVM) shows quick dynamic responses and a good steady‐state performance in induction motor (IM) drives. However, the motor parameters change during operation due to temperature and saturation changes, leading to inaccurate reference voltage vectors and a degraded performance. Furthermore, conventional DBPCC uses a fixed vector sequence of 0127 over the entire speed range, which results in large current harmonics at high modulation indices. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a robust deadbeat predictive current control (RDBPCC) for IM drives. Based on an ultra‐local model, the proposed method updates the input voltage gain and unknown system components online according to the voltage and current of the previous two control cycles. Because the final control expression contains only the measured stator current and voltage values, the model shows a strong robustness. The steady‐state performance is significantly improved by selecting the optimal vector sequence according to the modulation index based on the principle of current harmonic minimization. The experimental results confirm that, compared with conventional vector control and conventional DBPCC, the proposed method achieves a strong parameter robustness and reduces the current total harmonic distortion (THD) by more than 10% and 20% at high‐modulation indices.
Optical properties of AgxCu1–xI alloy thin films
Authors: Krüger Evgeny , Seifert Michael , Gottschalch Volker , Krautscheid Harald , Schnohr Claudia S. , Botti Silvana , Grundmann Marius , Sturm Chris 
Published: March 2023

We report on the excitonic transition energy E0 and spin–orbit split-off energy Δ0 of γ-AgxCu1–xI alloy thin films studied by using reflectivity measurements at temperatures between 20 K and 290 K. The observed bowing behavior of the E0 transition as a function of the alloy composition is explained based on first-principles band structure calculations in terms of different physical and chemical contributions within the description of ordered alloys. The spin–orbit coupling is found to increase from a value of 640 meV for CuI to approximately 790 meV for AgI. Furthermore, we show that the temperature-dependent bandgap shift between 20 K and 290 K decreases with increasing Ag-content from 25 meV for CuI to 6 meV for AgI. We attribute this behavior mostly to changes in the contribution of thermal lattice expansion to the bandgap shift.
Effects of different rearing systems on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters in Gaoyou ducks
Authors: Wang Zhicheng , Zhu Chunhong , Liu Hongxiang , Song Weitao , Tao Zhiyun , Xu Wenjuan , Zhang Shuangjie , Li Huifang 
Published: March 2023

Context The rearing system is a critical non-genetic factor that can considerably affect poultry production. Aims This study examined the effects of floor rearing systems (FRS), net rearing systems and cage rearing systems (CRS) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and serum biochemical parameters of Gaoyou ducks. Methods A total of 450 healthy 22-day-old male Gaoyou ducks with similar average bodyweight were randomly divided into the FRS, net rearing systems and CRS groups. The experiment lasted from 22 to 84 days of age. Key results CRS ducks had a higher final bodyweight, average daily feed intake and average daily gain, and a lower feed-to-gain ratio P < 0.05). FRS ducks had higher breast and gizzard yields and shear force, and lower drip loss and abdominal fat content (P < 0.05). Moreover, FRS ducks had significantly lower glucose, total protein and triglyceride, and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). Conclusions CRS was beneficial to the growth performance of Gaoyou ducks, whereas FRS was beneficial to carcass traits, meat quality and some serum biochemical parameters. Implications The results indicated that the CRS and FRS had their own advantages. Thus, an appropriate rearing system should be selected according to the production target and market demand.
Comparison of dairy cow step activity under different milking schedules
Authors: Hall L. S. , Bryant R. H. , Kuhn-Sherlock B. , Edwards J. P. 
Published: March 2023

Context Variations in the number of milkings each day and their timing are becoming increasingly common. How these changes affect cow behaviour is poorly understood. When cows are milked less frequently, their walking to and from the dairy is reduced and their amount of time spent at pasture increases; however, the impact on activity under different milking schedules has not been measured. Aims The objective of this study was to identify any differences in cow walking activity (steps per hour) among three milking frequencies and three milking schedules of 3-in-2 (milking three times in 2 days), at two stages of lactation (34 and 136 days in milk), over a period of 6 weeks. Time spent eating was assessed to help explain differences in activity within a day. Methods Data were collected from five groups of 40 cows (n = 200) milked, as follows: once a day (OAD); twice a day (TAD); 3-in-2 (three groups) at intervals of 12–18–18 h, 10–19–19 h, and 8–20–20 h. All cows were fitted with AfiAct pedometers, which recorded steps per hour. Eight cows in each treatment group were also fitted with CowManager SensOor™ ear tags, which recorded minutes per hour spent eating. Key results Cow steps per hour increased with an increasing milking frequency in both trial periods. When data associated with walking to and from milking were removed, there were still differences in cow step activity. Cows milked OAD took 30% fewer steps than TAD cows. The diurnal pattern of eating time differed between these two trial groups. The effect of milking time among the 3-in-2 trials showed that the shorter the time between the milkings on the day the cows were milked twice, the greater the number of steps per hour. There were graphical eating differences between the 8–20–20 trial group and 12–18–18 trial group on the day that cows were milked twice. Conclusions We conclude that both the number and timings of milkings affect a cow’s step activity and grazing behaviour. Implications Farmers should minimise the amount of time cows spend away from the paddock, especially in the afternoon, to minimise any changes to natural behaviour.
Efficacy of fermented carrot by-product diets on blood profiles, immune responses, and faecal characteristics in fattening pigs
Authors: Chu Gyo Moon , Park Byung Ki 
Published: March 2023

Context The agro-industrial by-products are known to be effective in improving the profitability of livestock industry because of the reduction of feed cost due to low supply price and the nutritional characteristics of by-products. Carrots are widely used as food and, thus, produce remarkable amounts of carrot by-products, such as peels and discarded and uncommercialised carrots. Aims This study was conducted to investigate the effect of substituting fermented carrot by-product diets on the blood profiles, immune responses, and faecal characteristics of fattening pigs. Methods Crossed pigs (n = 96, 75.8 kg initial average BW) were divided into eight heads per pen, four diets, and three replications, and were fed an experimental diet for 45 days. Basal diet (C) was substituted with 3% (T1), 6% (T2), and 9% (T3) fermented carrot by-product diets. Key results Although crude protein content in the fermented diet increased at the end of fermentation period (Day 13) compared with the start of the fermentation period (Day 0), the crude fibre content in the fermented diet decreased. Substitution of fermented carrot by-product diet improved the haematic functions of blood due to decreased concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, while positively affecting the immunoglobulin G level of serum. Substitution of 6% and 9% fermented carrot by-product diets decreased the emissions of faecal noxious gases such as ammonia, methane, and amine, possibly due to increases in the counts of faecal anaerobic total bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and yeast. Conclusion Substitution with fermented carrot by-product diets improved the hepatic function of blood and faecal beneficial microflora, while decreasing noxious gas emission and faecal harmful microflora in fattening pigs. Moreover, fermented carrot by-product diets may protect against infection due to increased serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of fattening pigs. Implication Substitution with fermented carrot by-product diets is expected to decrease swine odour by enhancing the feeding environment of fattening pigs and carrot by-products are secure feed ingredients or materials in pig diets.
Sign language corpus linguistics
Authors: Wehrmeyer Ella 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Taking the 2004 LREC Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages (Streiter & Vettori 2004) as the watershed, this chapter takes stock of the development of sign language corpus linguistics over the past twenty years. After dispelling myths about sign languages, the chapter gives an overview of practices and challenges in building and annotating sign language corpora. The chapter then tracks the historical development of sign language linguistic corpora across the globe, noting the leading role that EU countries still play in this regard. Online archiving and the availability of sign language linguistic corpora to researchers and other users are then discussed. The chapter then explores their contributions in terms of research, education, interpreting, and avatar creation, before reflecting on their role in documenting and preserving sign languages, and their potential benefit for national Deaf communities. Finally, summaries of the chapters that make up this volume are presented.
Negative Concord in Sign Language of the Netherlands
Authors: van Boven Cindy , Oomen Marloes , Pfau Roland , Rusch Lotte 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In a Negative Concord (NC) configuration, two negative elements co-occur in a clause but the polarity of that clause still remains negative. NC involving two manual negators has been observed in various sign languages, but relevant examples are usually presented in the context of broader investigations on negation in a particular sign language. Also, examples are not usually drawn from natural discourse. In this chapter, we offer the first comprehensive study on NC in a single sign language, namely, the Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT), based entirely on corpus data. We find that NC is attested in NGT, but that it is optional and rather infrequent. First, our contribution is of a typological nature, as we distinguish different types of NC and compare our corpus-based results with those reported for other signed and spoken languages. Second, we describe in detail our “journey”, that is, our search procedure and inclusion criteria, thereby offering methodological guidelines for future endeavors.
Exploring regional variation in the DGS Corpus
Authors: Hanke Thomas , Konrad Reiner , Langer Gabriele 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The DGS Corpus was collected in order to document German Sign Language (DGS) for linguistic research, compile the corpus-based dictionary DW-DGS and provide a cultural resource for the language community. Regional aspects played a key role in participant selection, data collection tasks and procedures, as well as in annotation work. Regional granularity implemented had to be a compromise between research interests, corpus size, and privacy issues of participants. In the lexicographic work maps are used to visualize regional distribution of single signs as well as of groups of competing synonyms. Maps are a tool for data exploration, and they support data interpretation as well as quality assurance of the annotation. As they provide an intuitive access to distributional facts maps are also an important element in the dictionary.