bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The WHO Thematic Platform for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Research Network (Health EDRM RN)
Authors: Kayano Ryoma , MacDermot Makiko , Huda Qudsia , Chan Emily , Murray Virginia , Abrahams Jonathan 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:WHO Thematic Platform for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management Research Network (Health EDRM RN) is a global expert network, launched in 2018, aiming to strengthen the scientific evidence for managing health risks associated with all types of emergencies and disasters, and to foster global collaboration among academia, government officials and other stakeholders. The Health EDRM RN’s activities are in line with WHO Health EDRM Framework, which support Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.Method:Health EDRM RN’s strategic direction is discussed and advised by its Core Group that consists of focal points of WHO HQ responsible unit, all six Regional Offices, WHO Center for Health Development (Secretariat), RN co-chairs, and key external stakeholders. Based on the strategic direction, the Secretariat facilitates global, regional, and local collaborative activities with the RN participants and partners. As of 2022, over 250 global experts participate in the network.Results:Following the results of the Core Group Meeting in 2019, 2020 and 2021, multiple activities and results were generated including the identification of five Health EDRM key research areas. WHO Guidance on Research Methods for Health EDRM developed in collaboration with over 150 global experts, initiation of the project to establish WHO Health EDRM Knowledge Hub for developing WHO Health EDRM Research Agenda and aligning with UNDRR research agenda on thematic areas including developing a special supplement on mid-term review of Sendai Framework implementation in health. The 2022 Core Group Meeting, held on October 27, 2022, agreed to promote knowledge dissemination and implementation research for better outputs for regions and countries.Conclusion:WHO Health EDRM RN will continue its unique function as the platform of global experts and stakeholders to produce, disseminate, and apply knowledge. Participation and engagement by more and broader experts are expected.
Trauma Skill Stations to Improve ED Staff Confidence and Engagement
Authors: Sery Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Particular skills are critical when participating in trauma response. Engagement and practice with these skills can help build staff confidence, however, ensuring competency across all staff can prove challenging. Establishing a training utilizing skill stations can positively affect staff experience and confidence measures on predetermined dates to capture all team members is a way to ensure confidence in skills vital for patient care in ED settings. Execution of the “skill station” exercises at measured intervals demonstrated improved confidence in trauma skills by ED staff. Exercises with specific skill-oriented practicum offer low-cost, dynamic training opportunities. Improving confidence and competence in critical trauma-related clinical skills directly improves patient outcomes.Method:Six trauma skill stations were created, aimed at specific skill-based practices. These measured skill competencies include arterial line setup, rapid blood infuser use, defibrillator use, chest tube management, pelvic binder application, and tourniquet application. Competency was reached when participants could effectively perform the skills through teach-back technique.Results:Qualitative feedback demonstrated that nurses felt more confident responding to a patient needing trauma interventions in an ED setting. Nursing staff were more engaged with trauma skills in their scope. All participants were able to appropriately and adequately teach-back the skill with 100% accuracy. Improved knowledge retention will be measured in future training sessions.Pre and post-tests could be utilized to demonstrate more dynamic results. This measurement tool will be utilized in the formal training process moving forward to capture baseline and improvement data more objectively.Conclusion:This low-cost and highly efficient method of strengthening novice nurses’ trauma skills competency and confidence can be utilized across various skills and departments. More confident nurses show improved readiness to respond to a patient in need of trauma interventions.
Global Burden of SARS-CoV-2 on Health Care Workers’ Mortality and Morbidity
Authors: Wong Diana , Rumsey Michele , Heslop David 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Unfortunately, before SARS-CoV-2, a global workforce crisis in health care had already been flagged internationally and is only expected to grow. Health care workers are the critical driving force underpinning all health systems. A skilled workforce takes years to develop, and staff shortages have enduring negative impacts on patients, patient safety, and the ability to deliver Universal Health Coverage.Method:A scoping literature review on health care worker mortality and morbidity resulting from SARS-CoV-2 was undertaken and included reviewing the peer-reviewed and grey literature.Results:Four opportunities for improving the protection of health care workers during a pandemic were identified:
1)Strengthening data collection and reporting standards of health care worker mortality and morbidity due to SARS-CoV-22)Improving the protection of health care workers3)Accelerating the vaccination of health care workers against SARS-CoV-2, and4)Addressing gender inequities in health careThese four approaches provide opportunities for improvement and are only preliminary steps in addressing the ‘perfect storm’ that the shortage of global health care workers and the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have created.Conclusion:The global community has a unique opportunity to protect health care workers and improve pandemic preparedness and response. The health and socioeconomic impact of SARS-CoV-2 has been unprecedented, and health care workers have borne the brunt of this pandemic. We owe our health care workers more. Without a well-trained and adequately resourced health care workforce that is prepared to face the next pandemic, we as a global community will not be able to deliver global health care or global security at the level that is required.
From Two hours to Two Seconds: Using the Red Cross Red Crescent Health Information System (RCHIS) to Complete the WHO Emergency Medical Teams - Minimum Data Set Reporting
Authors: Clarke Lauren , Holl Felix , Archer Laura , Raffort Thomas , Serres Elvire , Saaristo Panu 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Standardization of data collection and reporting within EMT’s is challenging. In past deployments, the Red Cross Red Crescent Type one and two facilities (Emergency Response Units- ERU’s) have collected data by hand using paper-based form and Excel spreadsheets. This process can be laborious, time consuming and often inaccurate.Method:RCHIS is both an electronic medical record (EMR) and health information system (HIS). RCHIS has been designed to produce pre-made reports including the MDS in seconds extracting data from the patient records. Through significant testing and pilot deployments in a domestic type one fixed clinic, the rapid production of reports such as the MDS has increased compliance and accuracy with reporting.Results:The utilization of an EMR and integrated HIS system for increasing compliance and accuracy with the MDS has been hugely successful. An in-depth analysis of the export data was done to confirm the 100% accuracy within the MDS report.Furthermore, feedback from users and managers within the ERU’s expressed the excitement for the ease of reporting not only to the EMTCC, but also to IFRC and back-donors. Moving forwards, this data collection will also be used to collect essential data to audit and improve the quality of care provided within the RCRC ERU’s.Conclusion:In conclusion, the utilization of RCHIS within a domestic ERU (equivalent to an EMT type one or two) has been hugely successful. The next steps will involve the deployment of RCHIS within an international deployment.
Emergency Management Risks in MEM Region South–An Operational Perspective
Authors: O'Brien Cian , Fitzgerald Mary Rose , Cheung Aoife , O'Sullivan David 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Distilling from the National Risk Assessment for Ireland, the Regional Working Group for Major Emergency Management Region South (Cork and Kerry) assessed threats in the region and 22 hazards were identified which were distributed over the natural, transportation, technological and civil categories. The hazards were plotted on an Interagency (Health, Police and Local Authority) Emergency Management Risk MatrixMethod:A three-hour ‘Introduction to Emergency Management’ educational program was developed in May 2022 with the aim of introducing frontline members of the Principal Response Agencies (Health, Police and Local Authority) across the Cork and Kerry region to the concept of emergency management. As part of this educational session, participants (N = 55) were given an overview of the regional risks as identified through the risk assessment process by the Regional Working Group for Major Emergency Management. As part of a breakout session, course participants were asked to identify their perspective on ‘worst case scenario’ risks.Results:An analysis of the operational risks identified by members of the Principal Response Agencies (Police, Health and Local Authority) were categorized into the four risk sub-headings: natural, civil, technical and transport and compared with the strategic regional risk assessment. The differences identified based on the comparative analysis, detailed that those holding operational portfolios identified that concurrent risks, as evidenced during the Cyberattack on the Health Service Executive in May 2021 during a wave of the global pandemic in Ireland were a perceived 'greater' risk that those traditional risks identified in the regional risk assessment.Conclusion:This study highlights the importance of engaging operational staff when developing regional emergency management risk assessments. The requirement to consider and incorporate concurrent emergency management risks is vital to ensure that the Cork and Kerry regions are prepared for future events.
NO FEAR Project–Re-thinking Scene Security
Authors: Rafalowski Chaim 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The NO FEAR project is dealing with operational aspects of the response to security-related incidents. Recent attacks globally demonstrate the complexity of the scenes and the fact that by nature the scene is not safe, though EMS personnel are intervening in those unsafe environments.Method:During a series of workshops with different EMS providers and managers the following ideas have been discussed: 1) Acceptable risk is part of EMS work 2) EMS personnel should be trained to conduct a personal risk assessment on-site and take appropriate action 3) EMS personnel on site should not think about the "large scene" but on the specifics of their site of operationsResults:This new way of thinking requires a shift of paradigm in EMS, which for many years was "safety first" or "don't engage unless the scene is safe", ignoring the change like deliberate attacks against the population.Conclusion:Recent attacks present new threats and risks for EMS personnel, coupled with public expectations (who are on the scene providing assistance to their fellow injured citizen) are a call to EMS leaders to re-think the way we teach and address scene safety in security related incidents.
International Military Vaccination Efforts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Authors: Davis Terri , Hertelendy Attila , Hart Alexander , Ciottone Gregory 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The COVID-19 pandemic created a public health crisis worldwide. Mass vaccination efforts in some cases were initiated without adequate civilian manpower due to critical medical staffing shortages. The governments of many nations deployed their military assets to fill gaps in care and to initiate projects to promote vaccinations. The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique international military vaccination response to an infectious disease disaster.This literature review highlights creative solutions, abilities utilized, projects completed, overall effectiveness, and lessons learned by the military community worldwide to support their vaccination efforts within their countries. By collating this information into a single document, the collective global experience can be better analyzed and this information utilized to develop a framework for future disaster preparedness and mitigation planning efforts.Method:Medline (PubMed), GoogleScholar and the JSTOR Security Studies collection were searched for English language articles from January 1, 2020 and onwards. Keywords used included civil-military coordination, military, COVID-19, vaccination, vaccine. Titles were initially screened for relevance. The abstracts were then reviewed for a decision on inclusion. Article inclusion was determined by author consensus based on relevance to the objectives. Key papers were also hand searched for additional unidentified references.Results:Data collection and analysis planned for completion by January 2023.Conclusion:The COVID-19 pandemic created a public health need for mass vaccination distribution that was assisted by militaries throughout the world. This literature search demonstrates the ways in which military resources contributed to COVID-19 vaccination efforts, including creative techniques, successes and opportunities for future improvement.
The Public Health Emergency Response Model of COVID-19 Pandemic in North-eastern Part of Thailand
Authors: Srithongtham Orathai , Kitpati Rungrueng , Kratet Chulapon , Nak-ai Worayuth , Srisukkam Taweewun , Buraman Tossaphong , Limpathepakorn Ploypailin 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The pandemic of COVID-19 in the northeastern part of Thailand established the response mechanism to COVID-19.Method:This study aimed to explore the PHER model of the COVID-19 pandemic in three provinces located in northeastern Thailand. The target group was 78 people who were responsible for COVID-19 response from the sub-district, district, and provincial levels. The data was collected through in-depth and group interviews following the non-structure interview guide and data was analyzed by content analysis.Results:Two levels of the PHER model were: 1) The response of the provincial level related to national and global situations. The provincial’s measure of the COVID-19 response was run by the Provincial Communicable Disease Committee (PCDC) and followed by the COVID-19 Epidemic Administrative Center (CEAC). The core team was a public health subcommittee who ran the Emergency Operation Center (EOC) and COVID-19 pandemic. The PCDC launched the provincial measure, risk communication response to COVID-19, and issues of the pandemic from CEAC and EOC. 2) The response inside the provincial level two components of the structure were the PCDC and the PEOC and the district EOC. They composed the Situation Analysis Team (SAT) and Joint Investigation Team (JIT), which was an operation to surveillance, investigation, real-time situation and reported to PEOC and PCDC as the issues of measures decision. Thailand’s identity of the PHER model was the village and sub-district on behalf of the Communicable Disease Control Unit (CDCU) and Community COVID-19 Respond Teams (CCRTs) in which members were Health Volunteer (HV), Village’s leader, and Local organization. Core activities were screening the risky group and surveillance: Home or Local quarantine and Home isolation (HI) or community isolation (CI) of rehabilitation from Covid-19 post treatment.Conclusion:The strengthening of PHER depended on the CCRTs and CDCU which supported the PEOC and PCDC to prevent and control Covid-19.
Media Mortality Surveillance during Winter Storm Uri, United States – 2021
Authors: Hanchey Arianna , Schnall Amy 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:On February 13, 2021, Winter Storm Uri hit the United States beginning in the Pacific Northwest, heading across the central US, and eventually exiting on the East coast. By February 16, roughly 73% of the continental United States had snow coverage leading to ten million households without power. To understand the disaster-related causes and circumstances of death for Winter Storm Uri, we activated media mortality surveillance to help inform preparedness and response efforts.Method:We searched the internet for key terms related to the winter storm, including storm name and type (e.g., winter storm), location-specific terms (e.g., state, county, city), mortality-related terms (e.g., death, mortality), cause of death (e.g., exposure, motor vehicle collision, carbon monoxide), along with other information learned from previous days (e.g., name of individual). We compiled and coded data into a standardized media mortality surveillance database and conducted descriptive statistics.Results:Between February 13 and March 2, 2021, the media reported 136 storm-related deaths from nine states. The winter storm had the largest impact in Texas (n=91). Of decedents with sex data available (n=91), the majority (58%) were male. For decedents with age data available (n=93), the majority (91%) were adults. Exposure to extreme temperatures (47%) was the most common cause of death, followed by blunt force trauma (15%), CO poisoning (7%), and fire (7%). Roughly one-third of deaths (34%) were indirectly related to the winter storm with motor vehicle collision (13%) representing the top indirect circumstance. Twenty-six deaths (19%) have an unknown circumstance and cause of death.Conclusion:This was the first time we activated media mortality surveillance for a winter storm providing timely data for public health action. Media mortality surveillance continues to be a useful tool in assessing the impact of a disaster and guiding response efforts.
Attitudes of Members of Public to Mass Casualty Incidents in Singapore
Authors: Yeong Yao Qun , Kong Sean , Ponampalam R 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:Mass casualty incidents result in mass casualties at short notice and stress healthcare systems. Research shows the critical potential role laypersons have by providing time critical intervention, on-scene, while awaiting arrival of emergency services, thus reducing mortality.This study aims to demonstrate the attitudes of laypersons to responding to mass casualty incidents in Singapore.Method:Laypersons were invited to participate in a pilot course aimed at training laypersons principles and interventions for mass casualty incidents. This was developed by the Disaster Volunteer Corps of Singapore General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine. Respondents were invited to answer a questionnaire which aimed to explore knowledge and prior experiences, willingness, attitudes, and readiness. Descriptive statistics were analyzed, and free-text responses were categorized into various headings by theme.Results:A total of 29/30 course enrollees responded to the questionnaire. Twenty (69%) participants were female. The median age was 50 years old (IQR 35-56.5). Most of the participants were employed (82.7%) and were Singapore Citizens (89.7%).65.5% had no previous experience with first aid, and none had experience with MCIs. Understanding of mass casualty incidents was poorly understood, 1.42/5 (±0.56).Respondents were most willing to assist in conventional disasters as compared to other types. Competency in voluntary role and altruism were the most important motivators as compared to compensation which was the least.Overall, there is a high understanding that Singapore is at risk of disasters but most respondents do not have emergency plans in place for disaster situations.Conclusion:This study shows that while laypersons are willing, most do not have the knowledge or experience to respond to mass casualty incidents. This mirrors previous studies in Singapore relating to attitudes and knowledge of laypersons to CPR and AED.More research and intervention is needed into the attitudes and willingness of members of public and mass casualty incidents.
Supporting the Emergency Management Pipeline: How Institutions of Higher Education can Increase the Emergency Management Career Goal for Students to Enhance Disaster Preparedness and Response Globally
Authors: Kenary Judith 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:The local, national, and global disasters have increased the demand for Emergency Management professionals. Institutions of higher education can play a key role to support and respond to this demand. One institution of higher education responding to this demand is Anna Maria College (AMC). AMC is a four-year, independent, Catholic institution accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, which was formerly known as the New England Association of Schools and Colleges. Established in 1946 by the Sisters of Saint Anne, the College was founded to increase access to quality education, educational innovation, and respect for service to others through development of the total human being. AMC offers exceptional professional programs at all degree levels, especially in community-oriented professions, propelling students to lives of civic, spiritual, and personal consequence. Based on the number of public safety majors and their networks, an area of interest has become how the college could contribute and respond to the demand for emergency managers.Method:These search resources were used: Chronicle, HigherEd jobs, Indeed, GoogleScholar Emergency Management majors curriculum, with searches from 2012 onward. Keywords used included emergency management jobs, higher education emergency management curriculum, public safety and community networking, disaster, and emergency preparedness, and filling the emergency management pipeline.Results:Data collection and analysis planned for completion by February 2023.Conclusion:Higher education can support the pipeline to narrow the gap and respond to the demands for trained and educated community members in disaster and emergency preparedness. Higher education responses include strategies such as, creative emergency management curriculum and community networking.