bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Augmented Non‐LTE Parameterization of NO Infrared Radiative Cooling Rates
Authors: Eckermann Stephen D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParameterizations of NO cooling rates in thermospheric models have not changed substantially since the work of Kockarts (1980, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i002p0013). We investigate three areas to augment the standard parameterization. The first focuses on cooling‐rate contributions from the first NO “hot band.” Arguments concerning the difficulty or irrelevance of parameterizing hot‐band rates are addressed and either refuted or clarified. Parameterized hot‐band cooling peaks during periods of high solar activity, contributing up to 10%–15% additional cooling, in agreement with published line‐by‐line calculations. The second focuses on collisional NO‐O quenching rates. Recent theoretical calculations predict temperature‐dependent rates similar to those seen in collisional CO2‐O quenching rates. Yet available measurements of NO‐O quenching rates do not reveal clear temperature trends. Quenching rates parameterized with and without temperature dependence produce substantially different thermospheric cooling rates. Further research is needed to resolve these discrepancies. The third involves a linearization of parameterized NO cooling rates around a prescribed state, yielding thermal damping rates for use in parameterizations of subgrid‐scale dynamics. Thermal relaxation rates peak at up to 2 days−1 near 140 km, where they are competitive with corresponding rates due to viscous thermal conduction, consistent with the imputed role of NO in regulating thermospheric climate in response to extraterrestrial energy inputs.
The Behavior of Hydrothermal Mineralization With Spatial Variations of Fluid Pressure
Authors: Xiong Yihui , Zuo Renguang , Miller Stephen A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIt is assumed that variable fluid pressure states in space control the spatiotemporal evolution of hydrofracture, and their responses on mineralization. In this study, mineral precipitation caused by rapid fluid pressure reduction is incorporated into a cellular automaton model to explore the effects of various spatially structured fluid pressure rates on the behavior of hydrofracture and mineralization. We explore a range of spatial structures, which vary from essentially random to strong spatial structure. In the model, fluid pressure increase induces local hydrofracture to nearest neighbors, and fluid mass is conserved among the cell affected. As the model evolves, internally connected networks merge and a correlation length is established as the system approaches the failure condition and identifies the percolation threshold. The correlation length of the internally connected network scales with the degree of spatial structure of fluid pressure increase rates, resulting in earlier arrival to the percolation threshold for strong spatial structures. At the percolation threshold, large‐scale fluid pressure reduction induces mineral precipitation and facilitate the formation of the spatially structured geochemical patterns. The degree of spatial structure of geochemical patterns correlates with the spatial structure of fluid pressure increase rates because mineral precipitation from fluid pressure reduction occurs over larger scale. The proposed model offers an intuitive and potentially important tool for understanding the role of spatially structured fluid pressure increase and reduction on hydrothermal mineralization patterns in fault‐related ore systems.
Using Preisach Theory to Evaluate Chemical Remanent Magnetization and Its Behavior During Thellier‐Thellier‐Coe Paleointensity Experiments
Authors: Baker Evelyn B. , Muxworthy Adrian R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe behavior of grain‐growth chemical remanent magnetizations (gCRM) are investigated for different coercivity and magnetostatic‐interaction‐field distributions and acquisition conditions using a thermally activated Preisach model for assemblages of interacting single‐domain grains. A new growth‐rate dependent equation was derived, from which it was found that gCRM intensity is over 10% more sensitive to growth rate than previously modeled. We compare the gCRM results to the behavior of thermoremanences (TRM). gCRMs are two times more sensitive to changes in coercivity distribution, whereas TRMs are four times more sensitive to changes in magnetostatic interactions. The Thellier‐Thellier‐Coe paleointensity protocol was simulated in Preisach space, and gCRMs were found to produce concave‐up Arai plots with pTRM checks which plot to the left of the Arai plot and positive partial‐TRM tail checks that increase with magnetostatic interactions. This often leads to the failure of selection criteria, but high‐temperature segments can pass the criteria for weakly interacting gCRMs; these estimates can underestimate the field by up to 66%.
Pore Pressure Diffusion and Onset of Induced Seismicity
Authors: Stokes Scott M. , Ge Shemin , Brown Megan R. M. , Menezes Elizabeth A. , Sheehan Anne F. , Tiampo Kristy F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Raton Basin of Southern Colorado and Northern New Mexico experienced a significant increase in seismicity over the last several decades, including two M5+ earthquakes. The increase in seismicity started soon after an increase in wastewater disposal associated with coal‐bed methane production. Twenty‐nine wastewater injection wells have operated in the Basin, with several high‐rate injectors located within a kilometer of the most seismically active regions. We developed a pore pressure model to investigate the relationship between pore pressure diffusion and onset of induced seismicity, with an emphasis on the Trinidad fault zones. Our model indicates that sufficient pore pressure increase had accumulated on the northern extent of the Trinidad fault zone to induce seismicity at the time of early‐stage seismic activity. The hydrogeologic architecture of the Basin played a key role in controlling pore pressure perturbation. The basal sedimentary interval with moderately low diffusivity restricted vertical pore pressure diffusion, creating a substantial lag time between wells becoming active and the expression of perturbation in the fault zones. The spatiotemporal relationship between early‐stage seismicity and wastewater injection in conjunction with modeled pore pressures suggests that the early‐stage seismicity in the Raton Basin was likely triggered by pore pressure diffusion.
Retrieval of Martian Atmospheric CO Vertical Profiles From NOMAD Observations During the First Year of TGO Operations
Authors: Modak Ashimananda , López‐Valverde Miguel Angel , Brines Adrian , Stolzenbach Aurélien , Funke Bernd , González‐Galindo Francisco , Hill Brittany , Aoki Shohei , Thomas Ian , Liuzzi Giuliano , Villanueva Gerónimo , Erwin Justin , Lopez Moreno José Juan , Yoshida Nao , Grabowski Udo , Forget Francois , Daerden Frank , Ristic Bojan , Bellucci Giancarlo , Patel Manish , Trompet Loic , Vandaele Ann‐Carine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present CO density profiles up to about 100 km in the Martian atmosphere obtained for the first time from retrievals of solar occultation measurements by the Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery (NOMAD) onboard ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO). CO is an important trace gas on Mars, as it is controlled by CO2 photolysis, chemical reaction with the OH radicals, and the global dynamics. However, the measurements of CO vertical profiles have been elusive until the arrival of TGO. We show how the NOMAD CO variations describe very well the Mars general circulation. We observe a depletion of CO in the upper troposphere and mesosphere during the peak period, LS = 190°–200°, more pronounced over the northern latitudes, confirming a similar result recently reported by Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard TGO. However, in the lower troposphere around 20 km, and at least at high latitudes of the S. hemisphere, NOMAD CO mixing ratios increase over 1,500 ppmv during the GDS (Global Dust Storm) onset. This might be related to the downwelling branch of the Hadley circulation. A subsequent increase in tropospheric CO is observed during the decay phase of the GDS around LS = 210°–250° when the dust loading is still high. This could be associated with a reduction in the amount of OH radicals in the lower atmosphere due to lack of solar insolation. Once the GDS is over, CO steadily decreases globally during the southern summer season. A couple of distinct CO patterns associated with the Summer solstice and equinox circulation are reported and discussed.
Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Based on Boron Isotopes Versus Simulations of the Global Carbon Cycle During the Plio‐Pleistocene
Authors: Köhler Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAtmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (pCO2) beyond ice core records have been reconstructed from δ11B derived from planktic foraminifera found in equatorial sediment cores. Here, I applied a carbon cycle model over the Plio‐Pleistocene to evaluate the assumptions leading to these numbers. During glacials times, simulated atmospheric pCO2 was unequilibrated with pCO2 in the equatorial surface ocean by up to 35 ppm while the δ11B‐based approaches assume unchanged (quasi)equilibrium between both. In the Pliocene, δ11B‐based estimates of surface ocean pH are lower in the Pacific than in the Atlantic resulting in higher calculated pCO2. This offset in pH between ocean basins is not supported by models. To calculate pCO2 in surface waters out of the δ11B‐based pH some assumptions on either total alkalinity or dissolved inorganic carbon are necessary. However, the assumed values of these under‐constrained variables were according to my results partly inconsistent with chemically possible combinations within the marine carbonate system. The model results show glacial/interglacial variability in total alkalinity of the order of 100 μmol/kg, which is rarely applied to proxy reconstructions. Simulated atmospheric pCO2 is tightly (r2 > 0.9) related to equatorial surface‐ocean pH, which can be used for consistency checks. Long‐term trends in volcanic CO2 outgassing and the strength of the continental weathering fluxes are still unconstrained, allowing for a wide range of possible atmospheric pCO2 across the Plio‐Pleistocene. Nevertheless, this carbon cycle analysis suggests that reported atmospheric pCO2 above 500 ppm in the Pliocene might, for various reasons, need to be revised to smaller numbers.
Improved Calculation of Hydraulic Conductivity for Small Disk Tension Infiltrometers
Authors: Nimmo John R. , Voss Paige R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBecause tension infiltrometers apply water through a disk of finite size, the infiltrated water moves laterally as well as downward. Only the vertical component of this flow is indicative of the hydraulic conductivity K, so the algorithm for computing K must include a way of isolating that component from the total flow. Some commonly used formulas correct for the multidimensional effects by subtracting an estimate of the laterally spreading flow. For disks smaller than about 200 mm in diameter, however, lateral spreading constitutes so much of the total flow that these subtractive formulas lose considerable accuracy, and sometimes overcorrect so severely as to produce a negative number for K. Other methods rely on empiricisms that are not completely consistent with unsaturated‐flow theory and that require prior knowledge of certain soil properties. We developed a new formula that uses a multiplicative factor instead of a subtracted term to achieve the needed correction. For testing we conducted numerical experiments with synthetic data produced by solving the Richardson‐Richards equation using the code VS2DRTI, for diverse media and a range of disk sizes, including the widely used 45‐mm diameter. We compared K values calculated from our formula to the actual K used to generate the simulated data, as well as to results from other published formulas. This comparison shows that our method provides an algorithm based in unsaturated‐flow theory that produces more reliable values for small disks without requiring prior knowledge of soil properties.
Acute and long-term exercise adaptation of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans: a matched transcriptomics approach after 8-week training-intervention
Authors: Dreher Simon I. , Irmler Martin , Pivovarova-Ramich Olga , Kessler Katharina , Jürchott Karsten , Sticht Carsten , Fritsche Louise , Schneeweiss Patrick , Machann Jürgen , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , Hrabě de Angelis Martin , Beckers Johannes , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Peter Andreas , Niess Andreas M. , Weigert Cora , Moller Anja 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Exercise exerts many health benefits by directly inducing molecular alterations in physically utilized skeletal muscle. Molecular adaptations of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) might also contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases.

Aim
To characterize the response of human SCAT based on changes in transcripts and mitochondrial respiration to acute and repeated bouts of exercise in comparison to skeletal muscle.

Methods
Sedentary participants (27 ± 4 yrs) with overweight or obesity underwent 8-week supervised endurance exercise 3×1h/week at 80% VO2peak. Before, 60 min after the first and last exercise bout and 5 days post intervention, biopsies were taken for transcriptomic analyses and high-resolution respirometry (n = 14, 8 female/6 male).

Results
In SCAT, we found 37 acutely regulated transcripts (FC > 1.2, FDR < 10%) after the first exercise bout compared to 394, respectively, in skeletal muscle. Regulation of only 5 transcripts overlapped between tissues highlighting their differential response. Upstream and enrichment analyses revealed reduced transcripts of lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis directly after exercise in SCAT and point to β-adrenergic regulation as potential major driver. The data also suggest an exercise-induced modulation of the circadian clock in SCAT. Neither term was associated with transcriptomic changes in skeletal muscle. No evidence for beigeing/browning was found in SCAT along with unchanged respiration.

Conclusions
Adipose tissue responds completely distinct from adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise. The acute and repeated reduction in transcripts of lipid storage and lipogenesis, interconnected with a modulated circadian rhythm, can counteract metabolic syndrome progression toward diabetes.
Targeting the E3 ligase NEDD4 as a novel therapeutic strategy for IGF1 signal pathway-driven gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Ke , Yu Yanping , Wang Wei , Jiang Yu , Li Yunlong , Jiang Xunliang , Qiao Yihuan , Chen Le , Zhao Xinhui , Liu Jun , Yang Angang , Li Jipeng , Zhang Rui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe IGF1 signal pathway is highly activated in some subtype of gastric cancer(GC) that exhibits poor survival and chemotherapy resistance. Although the results of clinical trials of anti-IGF1R monoclonal antibodies and IGF-1R inhibitors have been mostly disappointing in unselected cancer patients, some patients benefit from anti-IGF1R therapy in these failed studies. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize the complex IGF signaling in GC and help refine the strategies targeting the IGF1 pathway. We found that GC cell lines exhibit differential responses to the specific IGF1R inhibitor OSI906. According to the phosphorylation status of Akt upon the OSI906 treatment, we divided the GC cell lines into IGF1R-dependent and IGF1R-independent cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that Dox-induced knockdown of NEDD4 significantly suppresses tumor growth of IGF1R-dependent GC cells and NEDD4 overexpression promotes tumor growth of IGF1R-dependent GC cells. In contrast, the proliferation of IGF1R-independent GC cells is not affected by NEDD4 silencing and overexpression. The rescue experiments show that a PTEN-IRS1 axis is required for NEDD4-mediated regulation of Akt activation and tumor growth in GC cells. Clinically, NEDD4 is expressed higher in IGF1-high GC tissues compared with IGF1-low GC tissues and normal tissues, and the co-high expression of NEDD4 and IGF1 predicts a worse prognosis in GC patients. Taken together, our study demonstrated that NEDD4 specifically promotes proliferation of GC cells dependent on IGF1/IGF1R signaling by antagonizing the protein phosphatase activity of PTEN to IRS1, and targeting NEDD4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for IGF1 signal pathway-driven gastric cancer.
Genotype-by-diagnosis interaction influences self-control in human cocaine addiction
Authors: Graczyk Michal M. , Sahakian Barbara J. , Robbins Trevor W. , Ersche Karen D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNot everyone who uses drugs loses control over their intake, which is a hallmark of addiction. Although familial risk studies suggest significant addiction heritability, the genetic basis of vulnerability to drug addiction remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigate the relationship between self-control, cocaine use, and the rs36024 single nucleotide polymorphism of the noradrenaline transporter gene (SLC6A2). We hypothesize that C-allele-carrying adults show impaired self-control, as measured by the stop-signal task and demonstrated previously in adolescents, and further exacerbated by chronic cocaine use. Patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD, n = 79) and healthy unrelated participants with no history of drug abuse (n = 54) completed the stop-signal task. All participants were genotyped for rs36024 allelic variants (CC/TT homozygotes, CT heterozygotes). We measured mean stop-signal reaction time, reflecting the ability to inhibit ongoing motor responses, reaction times to go stimuli, and the proportion of successful stops. CUD patients showed prolonged stop-signal reaction time, however, there was no main effect of rs36024 genotype. Importantly, there was a significant genotype-by-diagnosis interaction such that CUD patients with CC genotype had longer stop-signal reaction time and fewer successful stops compared with CC healthy controls and TT CUD patients. CT CUD patients showed an intermediate performance. Self-control deficits were associated with cocaine use disorder diagnosis, which interacts with the noradrenaline transporter rs36024 polymorphism. Our findings suggest that rs36024 may represent a potential genetic vulnerability marker, which facilitates the transition from first cocaine use to addiction by weakening the inhibitory control over behavior.
Outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with haploidentical versus HLA-matched donors in patients with higher-risk MDS
Authors: Michel Claire , Robin Marie , Morisset Stephane , Blaise Didier , Maertens Johan , Chevalier Patrice , Castilla-Llorente Cristina , Forcade Edouard , Ceballos Patrice , Yakoug-Agha Ibrahim , Poire Xavier , Carre Martin , Bay Jacques-Olivier , Beguin Yves , Loschi Michael , Huynh Anne , Guillerm Gaëlle , François Sylvie , Mear Jean-Baptiste , Duléry Rémy , Suarez Felipe , Bilger Karin , Cornillon Jérôme , Chalandon Yves , Maillard Natacha , Labussière-Wallet Hélène , Charbonnier Amandine , Turlure Pascal , Berceanu Ana , Chantepie Sylvain , Maury Sébastien , Bazarbachi Ali , Menard Anne-Lise , Nguyen-Quoc Stephanie , Rubio Marie-Thérèse , D’Aveni Maud 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains the best curative option for higher-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. The presence of monosomal karyotype and/or complex karyotype abnormalities predicts inferior survival after allo-SCT in MDS patients. Haploidentical allo-SCT has been increasingly used in acute leukemia (AL) and has similar results as using HLA-matched donors, but data on higher-risk MDS is sparse. We compared outcomes in 266 patients with higher-risk MDS after HLA-matched sibling donor (MSD, n = 79), HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD, n = 139) and HLA haploidentical donor (HID, n = 48) from 2010 to 2019. Median donor age differed between the three groups (p < 0.001). The overall survival was significantly different between the three groups with a better OS observed in the MUD group (p = 0.014). This observation could be explained by a higher progression-free survival with MUD (p = 0.014). The cumulative incidence of grade 2–4 acute GvHD was significantly higher in the HID group (p = 0.051). However, in multivariable analysis, patients transplanted using an HID had comparable mortality to patients transplanted using a MUD (subdistribution hazard ratio [sHR]: 0.58 [0.32–1.07]; p = 0.080) and a MSD ([sHR]: 0.56 [0.28–1.11]; p = 0.094). MUD do not remain a significant positive predictor of survival, suggesting that beyond the donor-recipient HLA matching, the donor age might impact recipient outcome.
Psychological impact of risk-stratified screening as part of the NHS Breast Screening Programme: multi-site non-randomised comparison of BC-Predict versus usual screening (NCT04359420)
Authors: French David P. , McWilliams Lorna , Bowers Sarah , Woof Victoria G. , Harrison Fiona , Ruane Helen , Hendy Alice , Evans D. Gareth 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Adding risk stratification to standard screening via the NHS Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) allows women at higher risk to be offered additional prevention and screening options. It may, however, introduce new harms such as increasing cancer worry. The present study aimed to assess whether there were differences in self-reported harms and benefits between women offered risk stratification (BC-Predict) compared to women offered standard NHSBSP, controlling for baseline values.

Methods
As part of the larger PROCAS2 study (NCT04359420), 5901 women were offered standard NHSBSP or BC-Predict at the invitation to NHSBSP. Women who took up BC-Predict received 10-year risk estimates: “high” (≥8%), “above average (moderate)” (5–7.99%), “average” (2–4.99%) or “below average (low)” (<2%) risk. A subset of 662 women completed questionnaires at baseline and at 3 months (n = 511) and 6 months (n = 473).

Results
State anxiety and cancer worry scores were low with no differences between women offered BC-Predict or NHSBSP. Women offered BC-Predict and informed of being at higher risk reported higher risk perceptions and cancer worry than other women, but without reaching clinical levels.

Conclusions
Concerns that risk-stratified screening will produce harm due to increases in general anxiety or cancer worry are unfounded, even for women informed that they are at high risk.
Litchi procyanidins inhibit colon cancer proliferation and metastasis by triggering gut-lung axis immunotherapy
Authors: Yao Yuan , Feng Suya , Li Xuejiao , Liu Taohua , Ye Shengying , Ma Long , Man Shuli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLitchi chinensis seed, as a valuable by-product of the subtropical fruit litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), has been confirmed to be rich in procyanidins (LPC). The anticarcinogenic properties of procyanidins has been primarily attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, there is a comparative paucity of information on if and how LPC inhibits colon cancer. Here, LPC significantly inhibited CT26 colon cancer cells proliferation and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. In CT26 lung metastatic mice, the anti-metastatic effect of LPC relied on its regulation of gut microbiota such as increase of Lachnospiraceae UCG-006, Ruminococcus, and their metabolites such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid. In addition, LPC significantly inhibited CT26 colon cancer cells metastasis through increasing CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes infiltration and decreasing the number of macrophages. Antibiotics treatment demonstrated that the therapeutic effect of LPC depended on the gut microbiota, which regulated T cells immune response. Taken together, LPC had strong inhibitory effects on colon cancer pulmonary metastasis by triggering gut-lung axis to influence the T cells immune response. Our research provides a novel finding for the utilization of procyanidins in the future, that is, supplementing more fruits and vegetables rich in procyanidins is beneficial to the treatment of colon cancer, or it can be used as an adjuvant drug in clinical anti-tumor immunotherapy.