bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Potential to Narrow Model Uncertainty in the Projections of Arctic Runoff
Authors: Dutot Emma , Douville Hervé 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite multiple advances in the understanding of the water cycle intensification in a warmer climate, climate models still diverge in their hydrological projections. Here we constrain annual runoff projections over individual and aggregated Arctic river basins. For this purpose, we use two ensembles of global climate models and two statistical methods: a regression scheme assuming similar runoff sensitivities at interannual versus climate change timescales, and a Bayesian method where models are used to derive a posterior runoff response conditioned on historical observations. While both techniques are shown to narrow model uncertainties, more or less substantially depending on rivers, the Bayesian method is less sensitive to the choice of the model ensemble and is more skillful when tested with synthetic observations. It has also been applied over the whole Arctic watershed, showing so far a limited narrowing of the inter‐model spread, but its skill will further improve with increasing climate change.
Amplified Decadal Variability of Extratropical Surface Temperatures by Stratosphere‐Troposphere Coupling
Authors: Butler Amy H. , Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Garfinkel Chaim I. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dominant pattern of Northern Hemisphere extratropical climate variability is the Northern Annular Mode (NAM), which in wintertime represents the coupling of the stratospheric and tropospheric circulations. The internal variability associated with the NAM has been shown to give rise to substantial uncertainty in climate projections of regional surface air temperatures (SATs), but it's unclear how much of this variability arises from stratosphere‐troposphere coupling processes. Here, using three large‐ensemble coupled climate model simulations from 1850 to 2100 with varying fidelity of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling processes, we demonstrate that regional SAT variability across timescales is amplified when the tropospheric NAM is coupled to the stratospheric NAM. Moreover, models that lack adequate simulation of stratosphere‐troposphere coupling processes may not capture the magnitude of uncertainty in near‐term SAT projections associated with this coupling.
A Case Study of the Solar and Lunar Semidiurnal Tide Response to the 2013 Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Authors: van Caspel Willem E. , Espy Patrick , Hibbins Robert , Stober Gunter , Brown Peter , Jacobi Christoph , Kero Johan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the response of the semidiurnal tide (SDT) to the 2013 major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) event using meteor radar wind observations and mechanistic tidal model simulations. In the model, the background atmosphere is constrained to meteorological fields from the Navy Global Environmental Model—High Altitude analysis system. The solar (thermal) and lunar (gravitational) SDT components are forced by incorporating hourly temperature tendency fields from the ERA5 forecast model, and by specifying the M2 and N2 lunar gravitational potentials, respectively. The simulated SDT response is compared against meteor wind observations from the CMOR (43.3°N, 80.8°W), Collm (51.3°N, 13.0°E), and Kiruna (67.5°N, 20.1°E) radars, showing close agreement with the observed amplitude and phase variability. Numerical experiments investigate the individual roles of the solar and lunar SDT components in shaping the net SDT response. Further experiments isolate the impact of changing propagation conditions through the zonal mean background atmosphere, non‐linear wave‐wave interactions, and the SSW‐induced stratospheric ozone redistribution. Results indicate that between 80 and 97 km altitude in the northern hemisphere mid‐to‐high latitudes the net SDT response is driven by the solar SDT component, which itself is shaped by changing propagation conditions through the zonal mean background atmosphere and by non‐linear wave‐wave interactions. In addition, it is demonstrated that as a result of the rapidly varying solar SDT during the SSW the contribution of the lunar SDT to the total measured tidal field can be significantly overestimated.
Impacts of SLR Ground Station Geographic Distribution on Time‐Variable Gravity Recovery
Authors: Tucker E. S. , Nerem R. S. , Loomis B. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSatellite laser ranging (SLR) continues to be an essential technique for estimating Earth's low‐degree gravity field. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) do not accurately recover certain coefficients, which are needed for quantifying large‐scale mass redistribution as part of Earth's time‐variable gravity (TVG) field. In case of an inter‐mission gap, as with GRACE and GRACE‐FO, SLR can continue to provide mass‐change measurements. The current SLR ground network consists of around 40 stations. However, these are not uniformly distributed and the quantity and quality of data varies widely between sites. We anticipate that future stations will improve SLR‐derived gravity estimates and we investigate their potential impact on the solution in this simulation study. A single new station that enhances network geometry, particularly in the Southern hemisphere, increases the sensitivity of the network by up to 12% for certain coefficients. The addition of 5 new future stations improves certain coefficients up to 18%. We find new stations are limited in their ability to decorrelate certain coefficients regardless of their location, but that adding more data and increasing network uniformity still benefits the overall solution.
Diffusion Creep of Sodic Amphibole‐Bearing Blueschist Limited by Microboudinage
Authors: Tokle Leif , Hufford Lonnie J. , Behr Whitney M. , Morales Luiz F. G. , Madonna Claudio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo investigate the mechanical and microstructural properties of mafic blueschists, we conducted deformation experiments on powdered natural blueschist aggregates using the general shear geometry in the Griggs apparatus. Experiments were performed at ∼1.0 GPa and temperatures ranging from 650 to 700°C. The blueschist starting material consists primarily of sodic amphibole and epidote, with minor amounts of quartz, titanite, albite, and white mica. Strain rate stepping experiments provided mechanical data with stress exponents ranging from 1.8 to 2.2. Microstructural analysis of the deformed samples show that the blueschist aggregates were deforming by microboudinage of the sodic amphibole, with a chemically new sodic‐calcic amphibole diffused into the boudin neck. Based on these results, we interpret the samples to have deformed by diffusion creep of the sodic‐calcic amphibole, which was rate‐limited by diffusion into the boudin neck. We developed a microboudinage diffusion creep flow law using a least square regression, with parameters of A = 2.43e11 MPa−n μm s−1, n = 2.0 ± 0.3, m = 1.0, and Q = 384 ± 15 kJ/mol. Extrapolation of the flow law to the blueschist stability field suggests viscosities that are higher than metasedimentary rocks (quartz dislocation creep flow law) and lower than eclogitic rocks (omphacite dislocation creep flow law) consistent with field observations. We also show that this type of deformation mechanism matches observations of natural rocks in paleosubduction zone environments, supporting the application of this flow law to estimate amphibole rheology in modern subduction zones.
Trends in Warm Season Mesoscale Convective Systems Over Asia in 2001–2020
Authors: Guo Yuanjing , Fu Qiang , Leung L. Ruby , Na Ying , Lu Riyu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMesoscale convective systems (MCSs) frequently occur over Asia during the warm season, often producing intense precipitation with associated socioeconomic impacts. Here we reveal significant trends in MCS occurrence frequency and related precipitation in Asia during the warm season (March–September) in 2001–2020, using a tracking method that combines cloud and precipitation criteria with high‐resolution satellite data from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission. To examine whether there are differences between MCSs of different scales, both meso‐α scales (MαCSs) and meso‐β scales (MβCSs), with horizontal scales of 200–2,000 km and 20–200 km, are tracked. The distribution pattern of frequency and related precipitation of both MαCSs and MβCSs are quite similar and manifest positive trends over East Asia (EA) and Northeast Asia, and negative trend over Southeast Asia (SEA). The MCS precipitation trend contributes significantly to total precipitation trend, with MαCSs contributing the most. Our analysis indicates the trend in lower‐tropospheric water vapor flux convergence has a similar spatial pattern to the MCS frequency and related precipitation trend. Based on an atmospheric moisture flux decomposition analysis, the water vapor flux convergence trend can largely be explained by the change in horizontal wind convergence, while the specific humidity trend driven largely by temperature change plays a minor role. The trend in wind convergence in EA and SEA is possibly related to the evident trend in the lower‐tropospheric anticyclone over the western North Pacific and SEA, which might be due to the relatively stronger warming in the Indian Ocean during the past two decades.
Targeting LGSN restores sensitivity to chemotherapy in gastric cancer stem cells by triggering pyroptosis
Authors: Li Yu-Ting , Tan Xiang-Yu , Ma Li-Xiang , Li Hua-Hui , Zhang Shu-Hong , Zeng Chui-Mian , Huang Liu-Na , Xiong Ji-Xian , Fu Li 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is notoriously resistant to current therapies due to tumor heterogeneity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess infinite self-renewal potential and contribute to the inherent heterogeneity of GC. Despite its crucial role in chemoresistance, the mechanism of stemness maintenance of gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that lengsin, lens protein with glutamine synthetase domain (LGSN), a vital cell fate determinant, is overexpressed in GCSCs and is highly correlated with malignant progression and poor survival in GC patients. Ectopic overexpression of LGSN in GCSC-derived differentiated cells facilitated their dedifferentiation and treatment resistance by interacting with vimentin and inducing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Notably, genetic interference of LGSN effectively suppressed tumor formation by inhibiting GCSC stemness maintenance and provoking gasdermin-D-mediated pyroptosis through vimentin degradation/NLRP3 signaling. Depletion of LGSN combined with the chemo-drugs 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin could offer a unique and promising approach to synergistically rendering this deadly cancer eradicable in vivo. Our data place focus on the role of LGSN in GCSC regeneration and emphasize the critical importance of pyroptosis in battling GCSC.
ALKBH5 promotes hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma apoptosis by targeting TLR2 in a YTHDF1/IGF2BP2-mediated manner
Authors: Ye Jing , Wu Yuting , Chen Yao , Ren Yiyue , Jiang Xiaohua , Dong Zhihuai , Zhang Jingna , Jin Mao , Chen Xiaozhen , Wang Zhanggui , Xiao Mang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers and is notorious for its extremely poor prognosis. However, very few molecular biological studies have been performed. As a novel method of epigenetic gene modulation, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification occurs in HPSCC. The expression of the m6A demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is frequently downregulated in human HPSCC. Furthermore, we found that ALKBH5 impaired cell proliferation by regulating human Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in an m6A-dependent manner in HPSCC cells. ALKBH5 decreased TLR2 m6A modification, which could be recognized by the m6A readers IGF2BP2 and YTHDF1. IGF2BP2 facilitates TLR2 mRNA stability, whereas YTHDF1 promotes TLR2 mRNA translation. The current work uncovered a critical function of ALKBH5 in TLR2 regulation and provides a novel role for m6A demethylation of mRNA in HPSCC. The inhibition of m6A modification of ALKBH5 in HPSCC deserves further clinical investigation.
An integrated proteome and transcriptome of B cell maturation defines poised activation states of transitional and mature B cells
Authors: Salerno Fiamma , Howden Andrew J. M. , Matheson Louise S. , Gizlenci Özge , Screen Michael , Lingel Holger , Brunner-Weinzierl Monika C. , Turner Martin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDuring B cell maturation, transitional and mature B cells acquire cell-intrinsic features that determine their ability to exit quiescence and mount effective immune responses. Here we use label-free proteomics to quantify the proteome of B cell subsets from the mouse spleen and map the differential expression of environmental sensing, transcription, and translation initiation factors that define cellular identity and function. Cross-examination of the full-length transcriptome and proteome identifies mRNAs related to B cell activation and antibody secretion that are not accompanied by detection of the encoded proteins. In addition, proteomic data further suggests that the translational repressor PDCD4 restrains B cell responses, in particular those from marginal zone B cells, to a T-cell independent antigen. In summary, our molecular characterization of B cell maturation presents a valuable resource to further explore the mechanisms underpinning the specialized functions of B cell subsets, and suggest the presence of ‘poised’ mRNAs that enable expedited B cell responses.
Atomic-level structure determination of amorphous molecular solids by NMR
Authors: Cordova Manuel , Moutzouri Pinelopi , Nilsson Lill Sten O. , Cousen Alexander , Kearns Martin , Norberg Stefan T. , Svensk Ankarberg Anna , McCabe James , Pinon Arthur C. , Schantz Staffan , Emsley Lyndon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructure determination of amorphous materials remains challenging, owing to the disorder inherent to these materials. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) powder crystallography is a powerful method to determine the structure of molecular solids, but disorder leads to a high degree of overlap between measured signals, and prevents the unambiguous identification of a single modeled periodic structure as representative of the whole material. Here, we determine the atomic-level ensemble structure of the amorphous form of the drug AZD4625 by combining solid-state NMR experiments with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and machine-learned chemical shifts. By considering the combined shifts of all 1H and 13C atomic sites in the molecule, we determine the structure of the amorphous form by identifying an ensemble of local molecular environments that are in agreement with experiment. We then extract and analyze preferred conformations and intermolecular interactions in the amorphous sample in terms of the stabilization of the amorphous form of the drug.
A glutamatergic DRN–VTA pathway modulates neuropathic pain and comorbid anhedonia-like behavior in mice
Authors: Wang Xin-Yue , Jia Wen-Bin , Xu Xiang , Chen Rui , Wang Liang-Biao , Su Xiao-Jing , Xu Peng-Fei , Liu Xiao-Qing , Wen Jie , Song Xiao-Yuan , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Zhang Zhi , Liu Xin-Feng , Zhang Yan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChronic pain causes both physical suffering and comorbid mental symptoms such as anhedonia. However, the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying these maladaptive behaviors remain elusive. Here using a mouse model, we report a pathway from vesicular glutamate transporter 3 neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus to dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VGluT3DRN→DAVTA) wherein population-level activity in response to innocuous mechanical stimuli and sucrose consumption is inhibited by chronic neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, neuropathic pain dampens VGluT3DRN → DAVTA glutamatergic transmission and DAVTA neural excitability. VGluT3DRN → DAVTA activation alleviates neuropathic pain and comorbid anhedonia-like behavior (CAB) by releasing glutamate, which subsequently promotes DA release in the nucleus accumbens medial shell (NAcMed) and produces analgesic and anti-anhedonia effects via D2 and D1 receptors, respectively. In addition, VGluT3DRN → DAVTA inhibition produces pain-like reflexive hypersensitivity and anhedonia-like behavior in intact mice. These findings reveal a crucial role for VGluT3DRN → DAVTA → D2/D1NAcMed pathway in establishing and modulating chronic pain and CAB.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide modulates immune response in the colorectal tumor microenvironment
Authors: Sulit A. K. , Daigneault M. , Allen-Vercoe E. , Silander O. K. , Hock B. , McKenzie J. , Pearson J. , Frizelle F. A. , Schmeier S. , Purcell R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractImmune responses can have opposing effects in colorectal cancer (CRC), the balance of which may determine whether a cancer regresses, progresses, or potentially metastasizes. These effects are evident in CRC consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) where both CMS1 and CMS4 contain immune infiltrates yet have opposing prognoses. The microbiome has previously been associated with CRC and immune response in CRC but has largely been ignored in the CRC subtype discussion. We used CMS subtyping on surgical resections from patients and aimed to determine the contributions of the microbiome to the pleiotropic effects evident in immune-infiltrated subtypes. We integrated host gene-expression and meta-transcriptomic data to determine the link between immune characteristics and microbiome contributions in these subtypes and identified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding as a potential functional mechanism. We identified candidate bacteria with LPS properties that could affect immune response, and tested the effects of their LPS on cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We focused on Fusobacterium periodonticum and Bacteroides fragilis in CMS1, and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica in CMS4. Treatment of PBMCs with LPS isolated from these bacteria showed that F. periodonticum stimulates cytokine production in PBMCs while both B. fragilis and P. asaccharolytica had an inhibitory effect. Furthermore, LPS from the latter two species can inhibit the immunogenic properties of F. periodonticum LPS when co-incubated with PBMCs. We propose that different microbes in the CRC tumor microenvironment can alter the local immune activity, with important implications for prognosis and treatment response.
Anharmonic electron-phonon coupling in ultrasoft and locally disordered perovskites
Authors: Zacharias Marios , Volonakis George , Giustino Feliciano , Even Jacky 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnharmonicity and local disorder (polymorphism) are ubiquitous in perovskite physics, inducing various phenomena observed in scattering and spectroscopy experiments. Several of these phenomena still lack interpretation from first principles since, hitherto, no approach is available to account for anharmonicity and disorder in electron–phonon couplings. Here, relying on the special displacement method, we develop a unified treatment of both and demonstrate that electron–phonon coupling is strongly influenced when we employ polymorphous perovskite networks. We uncover that polymorphism in halide perovskites leads to vibrational dynamics far from the ideal noninteracting phonon picture and drives the gradual change in their band gap around phase transition temperatures. We also clarify that combined band gap corrections arising from disorder, spin-orbit coupling, exchange–correlation functionals of high accuracy, and electron–phonon coupling are all essential. Our findings agree with experiments, suggesting that polymorphism is the key to address pending questions on perovskites’ technological applications.
Breeding from 1891 to 2010 did not increase the content of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Geisslitz Sabrina , Pronin Darina , Neerukonda Manjusha , Curella Valentina , Neufang Sibylle , Koch Sandra , Weichert Heiko , Weber Hans , Börner Andreas , Schuppan Detlef , Scherf Katharina Anne 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of hypersensitivities towards wheat has increased in the last decades. Apart from celiac disease these include allergic and other inflammatory reactions summarized under the term non-celiac wheat sensitivity. One suspected trigger is the family of amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs), non-gluten proteins that are prominent wheat allergens and that activate the toll-like receptor 4 on intestinal immune cells to promote intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation. We therefore quantified 13 ATIs in 60 German hexaploid winter wheat cultivars originating from 1891 to 2010 and harvested in three years by targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with stable isotope dilution assay using specific marker peptides as internal standards. The total ATI content and that of the two major ATIs 0.19 and CM3 did not change from old cultivars (first registered from 1891 to 1950) to modern cultivars (1951–2010). There were also no significant changes in ATI distribution.
Recent global climate feedback controlled by Southern Ocean cooling
Authors: Kang Sarah M. , Ceppi Paulo , Yu Yue , Kang In-Sik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe magnitude of global warming is controlled by climate feedbacks associated with various aspects of the climate system, such as clouds. The global climate feedback is the net effect of these feedbacks, and its temporal evolution is thought to depend on the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature pattern. However, current coupled climate models fail to simulate the pattern observed in the Pacific between 1979 and 2013 and its associated anomalously negative feedback. Here we demonstrate a mechanism whereby the Southern Ocean controls the global climate feedback. Using climate model experiments in which Southern Ocean sea surface temperatures are restored to observations, we show that accounting for recent Southern Ocean cooling—which is absent in coupled climate models—halves the bias in the global climate feedback by removing the cloud component bias. This global impact is mediated by a teleconnection to the Southeast Pacific, where remote sea surface temperature anomalies cause a strong stratocumulus cloud feedback. We propose that this Southern Ocean-driven pattern effect is underestimated in most climate models, owing to an overly weak stratocumulus cloud feedback. Addressing this bias may shift climate sensitivities to higher values than currently simulated as the Southern Ocean undergoes accelerated warming in future projections.
Multiparameter prediction of myeloid neoplasia risk
Authors: Gu Muxin , Kovilakam Sruthi Cheloor , Dunn William G. , Marando Ludovica , Barcena Clea , Mohorianu Irina , Smith Alexandra , Kar Siddhartha P. , Fabre Margarete A. , Gerstung Moritz , Cargo Catherine A. , Malcovati Luca , Quiros Pedro M. , Vassiliou George S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe myeloid neoplasms encompass acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Most cases arise from the shared ancestor of clonal hematopoiesis (CH). Here we analyze data from 454,340 UK Biobank participants, of whom 1,808 developed a myeloid neoplasm 0–15 years after recruitment. We describe the differences in CH mutational landscapes and hematology/biochemistry test parameters among individuals that later develop myeloid neoplasms (pre-MN) versus controls, finding that disease-specific changes are detectable years before diagnosis. By analyzing differences between ‘pre-MN’ and controls, we develop and validate Cox regression models quantifying the risk of progression to each myeloid neoplasm subtype. We construct ‘MN-predict’, a web application that generates time-dependent predictions with the input of basic blood tests and genetic data. Our study demonstrates that many individuals that develop myeloid neoplasms can be identified years in advance and provides a framework for disease-specific prognostication that will be of substantial use to researchers and physicians.