bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fellowship in the United States as an exceptionally qualified applicant
Authors: Palleti Sujith K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
International medical graduates (IMGs) play an important role in the United States healthcare as they make up more than a quarter of the medical workforce. Some of these IMGs have significant experience abroad and are eligible to join fellowships in the United States after meeting certain requirements through the Exceptionally Qualified Candidate Pathway designed by the Accreditation Council (ACGME), While this is a great opportunity to train in the United States healthcare system, awareness remains lacking about this pathway. This is especially important given the growing shortage of physicians in the United States and unfilled positions in several fellowships where physicians are urgently needed. This article demonstrates the crisis in several fellowship programs and aims to increase awareness of this ACGME training pathway. It will also provide a deeper understanding of this fellowship path way in the United States, which may be useful to as piring fellowship candidates as well as underfilled fellowship programs. It also highlights potential opportunities and pathways leading to practice after the fellowship, current limitations in this process and provides several recommendations for success.
Customized bioceramic scaffolds and metal meshes for challenging large-size mandibular bone defect regeneration and repair
Authors: Zhang Bin , Yin Xiaohong , Zhang Feng , Hong Yirong , Qiu Yuesheng , Yang Xianyan , Li Yifan , Zhong Cheng , Yang Huayong , Gou Zhongru 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Large-size mandible graft has huge needs in clinic caused by infection, tumor, congenital deformity, bone trauma and so on. However, the reconstruction of large-size mandible defect is challenged due to its complex anatomical structure and large-range bone injury. The design and fabrication of porous implants with large segments and specific shapes matching the native mandible remain a considerable challenge. Herein, the 6% Mg-doped calcium silicate (CSi-Mg6) and β- and α-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP, α-TCP) bioceramics were fabricated by digital light processing as the porous scaffolds of over 50% in porosity, while the titanium mesh was fabricated by selective laser melting. The mechanical tests showed that the initial flexible/compressive resistance of CSi-Mg6 scaffolds was markedly higher than that of β-TCP and α-TCP scaffolds. Cell experiments showed that these materials all had good biocompatibility, while CSi-Mg6 significantly promoted cell proliferation. In the rabbit critically sized mandible bone defects (∼13 mm in length) filled with porous bioceramic scaffolds, the titanium meshes and titanium nails were acted as fixation and load bearing. The results showed that the defects were kept during the observation period in the blank (control) group; in contrast, the osteogenic capability was significantly enhanced in the CSi-Mg6 and α-TCP groups in comparison with the β-TCP group, and these two groups not only had significantly increased new bone formation but also had thicker trabecular and smaller trabecular spacing. Besides, the CSi-Mg6 and α-TCP groups showed appreciable material biodegradation in the later stage (from 8 to 12 weeks) in comparison with the β-TCP scaffolds while the CSi-Mg6 group showed much outstanding mechanical capacity in vivo in the early stage compared to the β-TCP and α-TCP groups. Totally, these findings suggest that the combination of customized strength-strong bioactive CSi-Mg6 scaffolds together with titanium meshes is a promising way for repairing the large-size load-bearing mandible defects.
Do Robots Increase Wealth Dispersion?
Authors: Gomes Francisco , Jansson Thomas , Karabulut Yigitcan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We document significant negative effects of exposure to increased automation at work on household wealth accumulation. Beyond the income and savings channels, we uncover a novel mechanism contributing to the negative wealth effects of automation that arises through the endogenous optimal portfolio decisions of households. We show that households rebalance their financial wealth away from the stock market in response to increased human capital risk induced by pervasive automation, thereby attaining lower wealth levels and relative positions in the wealth distribution. Our evidence suggests that the portfolio channel amplifies the inequality-enhancing effects of increased automation.
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
A systematic review on the efficacy of CBT interventions for the mental and sexual health of survivors of prostate cancer
Authors: Pieramico Sonia , Castro Rita , Aguiar Sandra , Bismarck Francisca , Ferreira Diana , Carvalho Joana , Quinta Gomes Ana Luisa , Nobre Pedro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second-most frequently diagnosed oncologic condition among biological men, affecting physical and psychological well-being, as well as sexual health and quality of life. Prior research has shown that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be effective in addressing a range of psychological and sexual problems but also in improving the sexual and mental health of survivors of PCa.

Objectives
This systematic review aimed to methodically research and summarize results concerning the efficacy of CBT in the mental and sexual health of survivors of PCa.

Methods
A systematic search was carried out via electronic databases until August 2022 (EBSCO, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science). By combining specific search words and following the PRISMA checklist, we identified 15 eligible articles among 8616 initial records.

Results
Four studies showed evidence of intervention efficacy for the improvement of sexual health, specifically for overall sexual function, erectile function, sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction. Eight studies found intervention efficacy for the improvement of mental health dimensions, such as psychological distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life.

Conclusion
There is evidence that CBT interventions have the potential to effectively promote mental and sexual health in survivors of PCa, but further research comprising larger and more diverse populations is needed. Future studies should focus on understanding mechanisms of change through CBT interventions to ensure the mental and sexual health of survivors of PCa.
DETECTION OF THE HYPERTENSION-MEDIATED COGNITIVE BRAIN DAMAGE. CLOCK DRAWING TEST UTILITY
Authors: Vicario Augusto , Cerchio Alejandro Erasmo De , Cesario Diego , Patron Facundo Risso , Plunkett Ricardo , Spósito Paola , Romano José Rene , Cerezo Gustavo Hernán 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Hypertension (HTN) is the main modifiable vascular risk factor for developing cognitive impairment and dementia. ‘Cognitive status’ could be a “surrogate” or ‘potential biomarker’ of HTN-mediated brain damage. Thirty percent of the hypertensive patients have cognitive impairment and/or silent brain damage (white matter hyperintensities) without cardio-renal damage. However, the involvement of the brain as a HTN-related target-organ damage (TOD) is not systematically evaluated. Then our objective were : 1) to know the prevalence of cerebral, cardiac, and renal TOD in a sample of hypertensive patients, and 2) to demonstrate the usefulness of the clock drawing test (CDT) as a cognitive screening tool to assess brain TOD HTN-mediated.

Design and method:
Multicentre study (4 centres in Argentina, 1 centre in Uruguay), 441 hypertensive patients were included. Age, gender, weight, height and other variables were recorded. Hypertension was defined according to ESH guidelines. TOD were defined as: renal compromise when, creatinine >1.2 mg/dl and/or creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min (Cockcroft-Gault equation), cardiac compromise when: left ventricular mass index > 95 gr/m2 in female and > 115 gr/m2 in male (transthoracic cardiac ultrasound) and cerebral impairment when: the score of the CDT </ = 5 points.

Results:
Average age 63.2±11.8 years, 53.4% female. The 60.5% of the sample presented some TO damage. The heart was affected in 32.8% and the kidney in 20.4% while the brain damage (abnormal CDT) was observed in 38% of the total sample, in 47.2% of the hypertensive patients with cardiac and/or renal damage, and in 30.7% of hypertensive patients without cardiac and/or renal damage.

Conclusions:
The CDT turned out to be a useful, fast and simple tool to be used in routine clinical practice to detect cerebral TOD (cognitive impairment) in hypertensive patients. The clinical expression of the cerebral TOD was more prevalent than pre-clinical cardiac and/or renal TOD.
The P300 Auditory Evoked Potential: A Physiological Measure of the Engagement of Cognitive Systems Contributing to Listening Effort?
Authors: Kestens Katrien , Van Yper Lindsey , Degeest Sofie , Keppler Hannah 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the potential of the P300 (P3b) as a physiological measure of the engagement of cognitive systems contributing to listening effort.Design:Nineteen right-handed young adults (mean age: 24.79 years) and 20 right-handed older adults (mean age: 58.90 years) with age-appropriate hearing were included. The P300 was recorded at Fz, Cz, and Pz using a two-stimulus oddball paradigm with the Flemish monosyllabic numbers “one” and “three” as standard and deviant stimuli, respectively. This oddball paradigm was conducted in three listening conditions, varying in listening demand: one quiet and two noisy listening conditions (+4 and −2 dB signal to noise ratio [SNR]). At each listening condition, physiological, behavioral, and subjective tests of listening effort were administered. P300 amplitude and latency served as a potential physiological measure of the engagement of cognitive systems contributing to listening effort. In addition, the mean reaction time to respond to the deviant stimuli was used as a behavioral listening effort measurement. Last, subjective listening effort was administered through a visual analog scale. To assess the effects of listening condition and age group on each of these measures, linear mixed models were conducted. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures.Results:P300 amplitude and latency, mean reaction time, and subjective scores significantly increased as the listening condition became more taxing. Moreover, a significant group effect was found for all physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures, favoring young adults. Last, no clear relationships between the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures were found.Conclusions:The P300 was considered a physiological measure of the engagement of cognitive systems contributing to listening effort. Because advancing age is associated with hearing loss and cognitive decline, more research is needed on the effects of all these variables on the P300 to further explore its usefulness as a listening effort measurement for research and clinical purposes.
Reductions in kinesiophobia and distress after pain neuroscience education and exercise lead to favourable outcomes: a secondary mediation analysis of a randomized controlled trial in primary care
Authors: Murillo Carlos , Galán-Martín Miguel Ángel , Montero-Cuadrado Federico , Lluch Enrique , Meeus Mira , Loh Wen Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pain neuroscience education combined with exercise (PNE + exercise) is an effective treatment for patients with chronic spinal pain. Yet, however, little is known about its underlying therapeutic mechanisms. Thus, this study aimed to provide the first insights by performing a novel mediation analysis approach in a published randomized controlled trial in primary care where PNE + exercise was compared with standard physiotherapy. Four mediators (catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, central sensitization–related distress, and pain intensity) measured at postintervention and 3 outcomes (disability, health-related quality of life, and pain medication intake) measured at 6-month follow-up were included into the analysis. The postintervention measure of each outcome was also introduced as a competing candidate mediator in each respective model. In addition, we repeated the analysis by including all pairwise mediator–mediator interactions to allow the effect of each mediator to differ based on the other mediators' values. Postintervention improvements in disability, medication intake, and health-related quality of life strongly mediated PNE + exercise effects on each of these outcomes at 6-month follow-up, respectively. Reductions in disability and medication intake were also mediated by reductions in kinesiophobia and central sensitization–related distress. Reductions in kinesiophobia also mediated gains in the quality of life. Changes in catastrophizing and pain intensity did not mediate improvements in any outcome. The mediation analyses with mediator–mediator interactions suggested a potential effect modification rather than causal independence among the mediators. The current results, therefore, support the PNE framework to some extent as well as highlight the need for implementing the recent approaches for mediation analysis to accommodate dependencies among the mediators.
Preference for daily oral pills over long-acting antiretroviral therapy options among people with HIV
Authors: Barthold Douglas , Saldarriaga Enrique M. , Brah Aaron T. , Hauber Brett , Banerjee Pallavi , Fuller Shanil M. , McCaslin Divine , Moldoveanu Ana Maria , Marconi Vincent C. , Simoni Jane M. , Graham Susan M. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:To examine the characteristics of people with HIV (PWH) who prefer remaining on daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART), rather than switching to long-acting ART (LA-ART).Design:Building upon a discrete choice experiment (DCE), we examined characteristics of individuals who always selected their current daily oral tablet regimen over either of two hypothetical LA-ART options presented in a series of 17 choice tasks.Methods:We used LASSO to select sociodemographic, HIV-related, and other health-related predictors of preferring current therapy over LA-ART, and logistic regression to measure the associations with those characteristics.Results:Among 700 PWH in Washington State and Atlanta, Georgia, 11% of participants (n = 74) chose their current daily treatment over LA-ART in all DCE choice tasks. We found that people with lower educational attainment, good adherence, more aversion to injections, and who participated from Atlanta to be more likely to prefer their current daily regimen over LA-ART.Conclusions:Gaps in ART uptake and adherence remain, and emerging LA-ART treatments show promise to address these challenges and help a larger portion of PWH to achieve viral suppression, but preferences for these new treatments are understudied. Our results show that certain drawbacks of LA-ART may help to maintain demand for daily oral tablets, especially for PWH with certain characteristics. Some of these characteristics (lower educational attainment and Atlanta participation) were also associated with a lack of viral suppression. Future research should focus on overcoming barriers that impact preferences for LA-ART among those patients who could benefit most from this innovation.
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis From Metastatic Prostate Cancer Identified on 68Ga-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Lau Kin Sing , Le Ken , Bui Chuong , Wong Veronica Chi Ken , Mansberg Robert 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A 69-year-old man with locally advanced prostate adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 9), who had completed hormone therapy and definitive radiotherapy, presented to hospital with abdominal pain and distension. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed ascites and extensive peritoneal/omental nodules. Serum prostate-specific antigen was not raised (0.07 μg/L). 68Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT demonstrated PSMA-avid disease in the prostate and widespread PSMA-avid peritoneal/omental and liver metastases but with no PSMA-avid bony metastases. Peritoneal nodule biopsy confirmed metastatic prostate cancer.
Subtly Increased Focal FDG Activity in the Liver Due to Paragonimiasis
Authors: Dai Jiaona , Wang Haitao , Wang Hui , Tian Rong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A 32-year-old man underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to evaluate suspicious hepatic metastases, which were revealed by ultrasonography and MRI. The FDG PET/CT images demonstrated only one focus of subtly increased activity in the liver without abnormality elsewhere. The pathological result from hepatic biopsy was consistent with Paragonimus westermani infection.
Sex, T Cells, and the Microbiome in Natural ABO Antibody Production in Mice
Authors: Adam Ibrahim , Motyka Bruce , Tao Kesheng , Jeyakanthan Mylvaganam , Alegre Maria-Luisa , Cowan Peter J. , West Lori J. 
Published: June 2023

Background.
“Natural” ABO antibodies (Abs) are produced without known exposure to A/B carbohydrate antigens, posing significant risks for hyperacute rejection during ABO-incompatible transplantation. We investigated anti-A "natural" ABO antibodies versus intentionally induced Abs with regard to the need for T-cell help, the impact of sex, and stimulation by the microbiome.

Methods.
Anti-A was measured by hemagglutination assay of sera from untreated C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) or T cell–deficient mice of both sexes. Human ABO-A reagent blood cell membranes were injected intraperitoneally to induce anti-A Abs. The gut microbiome was eliminated by maintenance of mice in germ-free housing.

Results.
Compared with WT mice, CD4+ T-cell knockout (KO), major histocompability complex–II KO, and αβ/γδ T-cell receptor KO mice produced much higher levels of anti-A nAbs; females produced dramatically more anti-A nAbs than males, rising substantially with puberty. Sensitization with human ABO-A reagent blood cell membranes did not induce additional anti-A in KO mice, unlike WT. Sex-matched CD4+ T-cell transfer significantly suppressed anti-A nAbs in KO mice and rendered mice responsive to A-sensitization. Even under germ-free conditions, WT mice of several strains produced anti-A nAbs, with significantly higher anti-A nAbs levels in females than males.

Conclusions.
Anti-A nAbs were produced without T-cell help, without microbiome stimulation, in a sex- and age-dependent manner, suggestive of a role for sex hormones in regulating anti-A nAbs. Although CD4+ T cells were not required for anti-A nAbs, our findings indicate that T cells regulate anti-A nAb production. In contrast to anti-A nAbs, induced anti-A production was T-cell dependent without a sex bias.
Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions networks and cross-species transfer learning comparison for seven organisms
Authors: Martins Yasmmin C 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMotivationProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) can be used for a plenty of applications like inferring protein functions or even helping the drug discovery process. For human specie, there is a lot of validated information and functional annotations for the proteins in its interactome. In other species, the known interactome is much smaller compared with human and there are many proteins with few or no annotations by specialists. Understanding the interactome of other species helps to trace evolutionary characteristics, compare important biological processes and also build interactomes for new organisms according to other organisms more related with it instead of relying just to the human interactome.ResultsIn this study, we evaluate the performance of PredPrIn workflow in predicting interactome for seven organisms in terms of scalability and precision showing that PredPrIn gets over than 70% of precision and it takes less than three days even on the largest datasets. We made a transfer learning analysis predicting an organism interactome from each other organism, we then showed an implication regarding to their evolutionary relation in the number of ortholog proteins shared between these organisms. We also present an analysis of functional enrichment showing the proportion of shared annotations between positive and false interactions predicted and extraction of topological features of each organism interactome such as proteins acting as hubs and bridge between modules. From each organism, one of the most frequent biological processes was selected and the proteins and pairs present in it were compared in terms of quantity in the interactome available in HINT database for that organism and the one predicted by PredPrIn. In this comparison we showed that we covered those proteins and pairs covered in HINT and also enriched these processes for almost all organisms.ConclusionsIn this work, we have proved the efficiency of PredPrIn workflow for protein interaction prediction for seven different organisms using scalability, performance and transfer learning analyses. We have also made cross-species interactome comparisons showing the most frequent biological processes for each organism as well as the topological features of each organism interactome showing the consistency with hypothesis about biological networks. Finally, we described the enrichment made by PredPrIn in selected biological processes showing that its prediction was important to enhance information about these organisms interactomes.
The relevance of accounting for parasympathetic as well as sympathetic arousal in threat conditioning: methodological and clinical considerations
Authors: Jaswetz Lars , de Voogd Lycia D. , Becker Eni S. , Roelofs Karin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlterations in associative threat learning have been thought to underlie the aetiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Recent insights into the facilitatory role of parasympathetic arousal for threat coping have raised the question whether individual differences in parasympathetic versus sympathetic dominance during threat learning may explain the unstable relationship with anxiety vulnerability versus resilience. We applied an established threat-conditioning paradigm in 78 neurotypical individuals and assessed parasympathetic responses (relative bradycardia), as well as sympathetic response patterns (relative tachycardia and increased skin conductance responses -SCR). We observed threat-induced bradycardia as well as tachycardia during associative learning. Additionally, participants not showing conditioned SCR still exhibit significant conditioned threat responses expressed in parasympathetically driven threat bradycardia. Critically, tachycardia, rather than bradycardia, was linked to stronger initial conditioned SCRs and higher trait anxiety. These results suggest individual differences in sympathetic versus parasympathetic dominance may underlie anxiety vulnerability versus resilience.Statement of relevanceOur findings underscore the relevance of assessing the whole spectrum of autonomic nervous system responses to threat. By assessing sympathetic and parasympathetic threat responses, we demonstrate associations with anxiety vulnerability, which could not be unveiled by assessing sympathetic arousal alone. Since alterations in associative threat learning are thought to underlie anxiety-related psychopathology, it is of clinical and methodological relevance to assess threat responses with measures that are sensitive to both parasympathetic and sympathetic arousal. Additionally, we show that individuals that lack sympathetically-driven conditioned SCRs -- often classified as non-learners -- in fact do show a parasympathetically-driven HR threat response (bradycardia). Critically, bradycardia was linked to lower trait anxiety. These results imply a paradigm shift in the field of threat learning, shifting the predominant focus on sympathetic arousal towards the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic arousal. This could advance insights in the role of threat learning in anxiety vulnerability and resilience.