bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a better knowledge of the molar morphology and ecology of extant and fossil grass rats (Muridae:ArvicanthisLesson, 1842)
Authors: Stoetzel Emmanuelle , Gomes Rodrigues Helder , Cornette Raphaël 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfrican rodents of the genusArvicanthisare presently restricted to sub-Saharan savannas and to the Nile Valley. In contrast, their distribution during the Quaternary included most of northern Africa, leading to the emergence of local fossil species. To date, there have been no comprehensive studies ofArvicanthispopulations in northern Africa, neither to clarify their taxonomy nor their paleoecology. The present study aims to explore both morphology and diet of modern and fossilArvicanthisspecies using geometric morphometric and dental microwear analyses on first upper molars. The geometric morphometric analysis efficiently discriminates the studied extant and fossilArvicanthisspecies and allowed for the identification of probable geographical variations within theA.niloticusgroup. Although all extant species of the genusArvicanthisare predominantly grass-eaters, microwear analyses also highlighted diet differences in various modern populations ofA.niloticus, as well as paleodiet inferences in theA.arambourgifossil species, but no clear link between molar size or shape and diet can be established. This work helps set the stage for a complete revision of the fossil remains ofArvicanthisfrom northern African Quaternary deposits, and for a better understanding of the geographical and temporal morphological variability of this genus in Africa.
Tobacco use in first-episode psychosis, a multinational EU-GEI study
Authors: Sánchez-Gutiérrez T. , Rodríguez-Toscano E. , Roldán L. , Ferraro L. , Parellada M. , Calvo A. , López G. , Rapado-Castro M. , La Barbera D. , La Cascia C. , Tripoli G. , Di Forti M. , Murray R. M. , Quattrone D. , Morgan C. , van Os J. , García-Portilla P. , Al-Halabí S. , Bobes J. , de Haan L. , Bernardo M. , Santos J. L. , Sanjuán J. , Arrojo M. , Ferchiou A. , Szoke A. , Rutten B. P. , Stilo S. , D'Andrea G. , Tarricone I. ,   EU-GEI WP2 Group, Díaz-Caneja C. M. , Arango C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundTobacco is a highly prevalent substance of abuse in patients with psychosis. Previous studies have reported an association between tobacco use and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between tobacco use and first-episode psychosis (FEP), age at onset of psychosis, and specific diagnosis of psychosis.MethodsThe sample consisted of 1105 FEP patients and 1355 controls from the European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene–Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study. We assessed substance use with the Tobacco and Alcohol Questionnaire and performed a series of regression analyses using case-control status, age of onset of psychosis, and diagnosis as outcomes and tobacco use and frequency of tobacco use as predictors. Analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, alcohol, and cannabis use.ResultsAfter controlling for cannabis use, FEP patients were 2.6 times more likely to use tobacco [p ⩽ 0.001; adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.1–3.2]] and 1.7 times more likely to smoke 20 or more cigarettes a day (p = 0.003; AOR 1.7; 95% CI [1.2–2.4]) than controls. Tobacco use was associated with an earlier age at psychosis onset (β = −2.3; p ⩽ 0.001; 95% CI [−3.7 to −0.9]) and was 1.3 times more frequent in FEP patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia than in other diagnoses of psychosis (AOR 1.3; 95% CI [1.0–1.8]); however, these results were no longer significant after controlling for cannabis use.ConclusionsTobacco and heavy-tobacco use are associated with increased odds of FEP. These findings further support the relevance of tobacco prevention in young populations.
Musicking assemblages and non-human becomings: Mapping morphogenetic processes and distributed agencies in Wolfgang Buttress’ the Hive
Authors: Szarecki Artur 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe paper introduces the concept of musicking assemblages to account for the agency of non-human actants in a project by contemporary artist, Wolfgang Buttress, that involved creating a musical soundscape together with bees. Collapsing distinctions between popular music, contemporary art and scientific research, the project exhibits musicking not as a result of human action but as emerging from intensive flows of matter-energy circulating between a multiplicity of actants, both human and non-human. Consequently, it presupposes a materialist ontology that breaks with anthropocentric hierarchies and encourages us to rethink popular music as always already involving ‘becoming with’ non-human others, in a way that overcomes the division between culture and nature, as well as its epistemological corollaries.
Late aortic obstruction due to ductal vasoconstriction on pulmonic end after transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure in an extremely low-birth-weight infant
Authors: Padovani Paul , Benbrik Nadir , Baruteau Alban-Elouen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDevice-induced aortic obstruction is a known rare complication following transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low-birth-weight infants. Various mechanisms have been proposed. We report the first description of late aortic obstruction due to ductal vasoconstriction on pulmonic end causing device to be gradually pushed out of aortic end in a 980-gram premature infant.
Computer simulation, visualization, and synthesis of a digital antenna array used for transmitting and receiving signals in industrial applications
Authors: Islamov Islam , Hasanov Mehman , Ibrahimov Bayram , Movsumov Agil 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe article is devoted to computer modeling, visualization, and synthesis of a digital antenna array used for transmitting and receiving signals in industrial applications. The paper proposes an iterative method for the amplitude-phase synthesis of an antenna array according to the requirements for the envelope of the side lobes. The proposed method allows to determine the complex amplitudes of the elements of a digital antenna array for any given weight function, based on the theorems of matrix theory. The difference of the method lies in the iterative procedure for choosing the weight function, taking into account the excess level of the side lobes of the digital antenna array. In this regard, in the course of solving the synthesis problem, a weight function was found that leads to the fulfilment of the requirements for radiation patterns and does not lead to a decrease in the directivity coefficient. The signal-to-noise ratio was used as a criterion. For the first time, an analytical expression is given for the formation of a weight function in the course of an iterative process that takes into account the requirements for the envelope of the side lobes. The operability and convergence of the proposed method was confirmed in the course of numerical studies on the example of a digital antenna array. The performed numerical analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method.
Strongly Scattering Medium Along Slow Earthquake Fault Zones Based on New Observations of Short‐Duration Tremors
Authors: Toh A. , Capdeville Y. , Chi W.‐C. , Ide S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTremors are a type of slow earthquake with long‐duration signals compared to ordinary earthquakes. The long signals have been considered to solely reflect their long source process. However, here, we provide evidence suggesting that the source processes of tremors are not always long. We refer to these observations as short‐duration tremors. They were recorded by ocean‐bottom seismometers placed very close to the source. Although these tremors exhibit a short‐duration signal when recorded near the source, they exhibit a typical long‐duration signal elsewhere. Our numerical simulations demonstrate that the features can be captured by considering a strongly scattering medium around their source. One such structure could be small low‐velocity inclusions distributed around the seismic source. The inclusions may represent the seismic expression of geologically detected aquifers in tremor source regions. Furthermore, this medium could be embedded along the slow earthquake fault zone and play a critical role in their source process.
Global Distribution of Discrete and Continuous Spectrum Equatorial Magnetosonic Waves Observed by the Van Allen Probe‐A
Authors: Sun Peiyu , Ouyang Zhihai , Tang Rongxin , Li Haimeng , Chen Zhou , Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Deng Xiaohua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMagnetosonic (MS) waves can either be discrete or continuous in the time‐frequency spectrogram. Through the observation from Van Allen Probe‐A spacecraft, the global distribution of discrete and continuous spectrum MS waves in the region L ∼ 3–6 is determined. According to our research, the continuous spectrum MS waves are greater in amplitude than discrete spectrum MS waves. Also, the impact of changes in geomagnetic activity on continuous spectrum MS waves is much more significant than discrete spectrum MS waves. Besides, it is also demonstrated that the strong discrete spectrum MS waves have a peak wave amplitude of ∼60 pT and an occurrence rate of ∼50% at the noon sector outside the plasmapause. In comparison, the strong continuous spectrum MS waves have a peak wave amplitude of ∼300 pT and an occurrence rate of ∼60% at the postnoon sector inside the plasmapause.
A Physically Based Model for the Sequential Evolution Analysis of Rainfall‐Induced Shallow Landslides in a Catchment
Authors: Jiang Yuanjun , Hu Xiaobo , Liang Heng , Ning Po , Fan Xiaoyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPredicting the occurrence time, volume, distribution and run‐out length of shallow landslides is critical for assessing the volume of debris flow in a catchment. Recent studies suggest that the landslides hydro‐mechanical triggering (LHT) model based on threshold‐based mechanical interactions can adequately predict rainfall‐induced landslides. However, this model assumes that the soil‐rock interface is the only sliding surface and cannot dynamically determine a sliding surface above the soil‐rock interface. Therefore, by calculating the wetting front depth in the shallow soil layer and using the limit analysis method, the most likely sliding surface can be dynamically calculated to improve the model. Through linking the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT, USDA) model and the depth‐resolved LHT model (D‐LHT), a framework for predicting shallow landslides in a catchment was proposed in this work. This framework considers the effects of antecedent rainfall, the mechanical reinforcement of roots, and the spatial distribution of soil properties on slopes. The D‐LHT model was applied to the Jiangjia gully in Yunnan, China, to adequately predicted the occurrence time, scale and spatial distribution of shallow landslides. In addition, the present and antecedent rainfall effects on the shallow landslide volume were analyzed. The results showed that the average soil moisture content threshold was determined by antecedent and same‐day rainfall, which affect the timing and volume of the shallow landslides. This study provides a new method for predicting shallow landslides. The stability and simplicity of the model make it suitable for early warning systems.
Ibrutinib sensitizes CLL cells to venetoclax by interrupting TLR9-induced CD40 upregulation and protein translation
Authors: Kielbassa Karoline , Haselager Marco V. , Bax Danique J. C. , van Driel Bianca F. , Dubois Julie , Levin Mark-David , Kersting Sabina , Svanberg Rebecka , Niemann Carsten U. , Kater Arnon P. , Eldering Eric 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells upregulate Bcl-2 proteins within the lymph node (LN) microenvironment. Signaling via B-cell receptor, Toll-like receptors and CD40 collectively reduce sensitivity to the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax. Time-limited treatment with venetoclax plus the BTK-inhibitor ibrutinib results in deep remissions, but how this combination affects LN-related signaling is not yet completely clear. Therefore, samples obtained from the HOVON141/VISION phase 2 clinical trial were used to analyze this. Two cycles of lead-in ibrutinib monotherapy resulted in decreased protein expression of Bcl-2 proteins in circulating CLL cells. Strikingly, at this timepoint CD40-induced venetoclax resistance was strongly attenuated, as was expression of CD40. Since CD40 signaling occurs within the CLL LN, we tested various LN-related signals that could affect CD40 signaling. While BCR stimulation had only a minor effect, TLR9 stimulation via CpG led to significantly increased CD40 expression and importantly, reverted the effects of ibrutinib treatment on venetoclax sensitivity by inducing overall protein translation. Together, these findings identify a novel effect of ibrutinib: interruption of TLR9-induced CD40 upregulation and translation of pro-survival proteins. This mechanism may potentially further inhibit priming of CLL cells in the LN microenvironment for venetoclax resistance.
A novel integrated approach to predicting cancer immunotherapy efficacy
Authors: Luo Ruihan , Chyr Jacqueline , Wen Jianguo , Wang Yanfei , Zhao Weiling , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmunotherapies have revolutionized cancer treatment modalities; however, predicting clinical response accurately and reliably remains challenging. Neoantigen load is considered as a fundamental genetic determinant of therapeutic response. However, only a few predicted neoantigens are highly immunogenic, with little focus on intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) in the neoantigen landscape and its link with different features in the tumor microenvironment. To address this issue, we comprehensively characterized neoantigens arising from nonsynonymous mutations and gene fusions in lung cancer and melanoma. We developed a composite NEO2IS to characterize interplays between cancer and CD8+ T-cell populations. NEO2IS improved prediction accuracy of patient responses to immune-checkpoint blockades (ICBs). We found that TCR repertoire diversity was consistent with the neoantigen heterogeneity under evolutionary selections. Our defined neoantigen ITH score (NEOITHS) reflected infiltration degree of CD8+ T lymphocytes with different differentiation states and manifested the impact of negative selection pressure on CD8+ T-cell lineage heterogeneity or tumor ecosystem plasticity. We classified tumors into distinct immune subtypes and examined how neoantigen-T cells interactions affected disease progression and treatment response. Overall, our integrated framework helps profile neoantigen patterns that elicit T-cell immunoreactivity, enhance the understanding of evolving tumor-immune interplays and improve prediction of ICBs efficacy.
Overcoming adaptive resistance to anti-VEGF therapy by targeting CD5L
Authors: LaFargue Christopher J. , Amero Paola , Noh Kyunghee , Mangala Lingegowda S. , Wen Yunfei , Bayraktar Emine , Umamaheswaran Sujanitha , Stur Elaine , Dasari Santosh K. , Ivan Cristina , Pradeep Sunila , Yoo Wonbeak , Lu Chunhua , Jennings Nicholas B. , Vathipadiekal Vinod , Hu Wei , Chelariu-Raicu Anca , Ku Zhiqiang , Deng Hui , Xiong Wei , Choi Hyun-Jin , Hu Min , Kiyama Takae , Mao Chai-An , Ali-Fehmi Rouba , Birrer Michael J. , Liu Jinsong , Zhang Ningyan , Lopez-Berestein Gabriel , de Franciscis Vittorio , An Zhiqiang , Sood Anil K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAntiangiogenic treatment targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is a powerful tool to combat tumor growth and progression; however, drug resistance frequently emerges. We identify CD5L (CD5 antigen-like precursor) as an important gene upregulated in response to antiangiogenic therapy leading to the emergence of adaptive resistance. By using both an RNA-aptamer and a monoclonal antibody targeting CD5L, we are able to abate the pro-angiogenic effects of CD5L overexpression in both in vitro and in vivo settings. In addition, we find that increased expression of vascular CD5L in cancer patients is associated with bevacizumab resistance and worse overall survival. These findings implicate CD5L as an important factor in adaptive resistance to antiangiogenic therapy and suggest that modalities to target CD5L have potentially important clinical utility.
Smart thrombosis inhibitors without bleeding side effects via charge tunable ligand design
Authors: La Chanel C. , Smith Stephanie A. , Vappala Sreeparna , Adili Reheman , Luke Catherine E. , Abbina Srinivas , Luo Haiming D. , Chafeeva Irina , Drayton Matthew , Creagh Louise A. , de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez Maria , Rhoads Nicole , Kalathottukaren Manu Thomas , Henke Peter K. , Straus Suzana K. , Du Caigan , Conway Edward M. , Holinstat Michael , Haynes Charles A. , Morrissey James H. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCurrent treatments to prevent thrombosis, namely anticoagulants and platelets antagonists, remain complicated by the persistent risk of bleeding. Improved therapeutic strategies that diminish this risk would have a huge clinical impact. Antithrombotic agents that neutralize and inhibit polyphosphate (polyP) can be a powerful approach towards such a goal. Here, we report a design concept towards polyP inhibition, termed macromolecular polyanion inhibitors (MPI), with high binding affinity and specificity. Lead antithrombotic candidates are identified through a library screening of molecules which possess low charge density at physiological pH but which increase their charge upon binding to polyP, providing a smart way to enhance their activity and selectivity. The lead MPI candidates demonstrates antithrombotic activity in mouse models of thrombosis, does not give rise to bleeding, and is well tolerated in mice even at very high doses. The developed inhibitor is anticipated to open avenues in thrombosis prevention without bleeding risk, a challenge not addressed by current therapies.
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters at the molecular-to-metallic transition with intrinsic chirality from surface layers
Authors: Liu Li-Juan , Alkan Fahri , Zhuang Shengli , Liu Dongyi , Nawaz Tehseen , Guo Jun , Luo Xiaozhou , He Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe advances in determining the total structure of atomically precise metal nanoclusters have prompted extensive exploration into the origins of chirality in nanoscale systems. While chirality is generally transferrable from the surface layer to the metal–ligand interface and kernel, we present here an alternative type of gold nanoclusters (138 gold core atoms with 48 2,4-dimethylbenzenethiolate surface ligands) whose inner structures are not asymmetrically induced by chiral patterns of the outermost aromatic substituents. This phenomenon can be explained by the highly dynamic behaviors of aromatic rings in the thiolates assembled via π − π stacking and C − H···π interactions. In addition to being a thiolate-protected nanocluster with uncoordinated surface gold atoms, the reported Au138 motif expands the size range of gold nanoclusters having both molecular and metallic properties. Our current work introduces an important class of nanoclusters with intrinsic chirality from surface layers rather than inner structures and will aid in elucidating the transition of gold nanoclusters from their molecular to metallic states.
Photochemically produced SO2 in the atmosphere of WASP-39b
Authors: Tsai Shang-Min , Lee Elspeth K. H. , Powell Diana , Gao Peter , Zhang Xi , Moses Julianne , Hébrard Eric , Venot Olivia , Parmentier Vivien , Jordan Sean , Hu Renyu , Alam Munazza K. , Alderson Lili , Batalha Natalie M. , Bean Jacob L. , Benneke Björn , Bierson Carver J. , Brady Ryan P. , Carone Ludmila , Carter Aarynn L. , Chubb Katy L. , Inglis Julie , Leconte Jérémy , Line Michael , López-Morales Mercedes , Miguel Yamila , Molaverdikhani Karan , Rustamkulov Zafar , Sing David K. , Stevenson Kevin B. , Wakeford Hannah R. , Yang Jeehyun , Aggarwal Keshav , Baeyens Robin , Barat Saugata , de Val-Borro Miguel , Daylan Tansu , Fortney Jonathan J. , France Kevin , Goyal Jayesh M. , Grant David , Kirk James , Kreidberg Laura , Louca Amy , Moran Sarah E. , Mukherjee Sagnick , Nasedkin Evert , Ohno Kazumasa , Rackham Benjamin V. , Redfield Seth , Taylor Jake , Tremblin Pascal , Visscher Channon , Wallack Nicole L. , Welbanks Luis , Youngblood Allison , Ahrer Eva-Maria , Batalha Natasha E. , Behr Patrick , Berta-Thompson Zachory K. , Blecic Jasmina , Casewell S. L. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Crouzet Nicolas , Cubillos Patricio E. , Decin Leen , Désert Jean-Michel , Feinstein Adina D. , Gibson Neale P. , Harrington Joseph , Heng Kevin , Henning Thomas , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Krick Jessica , Lagage Pierre-Olivier , Lendl Monika , Lothringer Joshua D. , Mansfield Megan , Mayne N. J. , Mikal-Evans Thomas , Palle Enric , Schlawin Everett , Shorttle Oliver , Wheatley Peter J. , Yurchenko Sergei N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotochemistry is a fundamental process of planetary atmospheres that regulates the atmospheric composition and stability1. However, no unambiguous photochemical products have been detected in exoplanet atmospheres so far. Recent observations from the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program2,3 found a spectral absorption feature at 4.05 μm arising from sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the atmosphere of WASP-39b. WASP-39b is a 1.27-Jupiter-radii, Saturn-mass (0.28 MJ) gas giant exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star with an equilibrium temperature of around 1,100 K (ref. 4). The most plausible way of generating SO2 in such an atmosphere is through photochemical processes5,6. Here we show that the SO2 distribution computed by a suite of photochemical models robustly explains the 4.05-μm spectral feature identified by JWST transmission observations7 with NIRSpec PRISM (2.7σ)8 and G395H (4.5σ)9. SO2 is produced by successive oxidation of sulfur radicals freed when hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is destroyed. The sensitivity of the SO2 feature to the enrichment of the atmosphere by heavy elements (metallicity) suggests that it can be used as a tracer of atmospheric properties, with WASP-39b exhibiting an inferred metallicity of about 10× solar. We further point out that SO2 also shows observable features at ultraviolet and thermal infrared wavelengths not available from the existing observations.
Catalytic disconnection of C–O bonds in epoxy resins and composites
Authors: Ahrens Alexander , Bonde Andreas , Sun Hongwei , Wittig Nina Kølln , Hammershøj Hans Christian D. , Batista Gabriel Martins Ferreira , Sommerfeldt Andreas , Frølich Simon , Birkedal Henrik , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFibre-reinforced epoxy composites are well established in regard to load-bearing applications in the aerospace, automotive and wind power industries, owing to their light weight and high durability. These composites are based on thermoset resins embedding glass or carbon fibres1. In lieu of viable recycling strategies, end-of-use composite-based structures such as wind turbine blades are commonly landfilled1–4. Because of the negative environmental impact of plastic waste5,6, the need for circular economies of plastics has become more pressing7,8. However, recycling thermoset plastics is no trivial matter1–4. Here we report a transition-metal-catalysed protocol for recovery of the polymer building block bisphenol A and intact fibres from epoxy composites. A Ru-catalysed, dehydrogenation/bond, cleavage/reduction cascade disconnects the C(alkyl)–O bonds of the most common linkages of the polymer. We showcase the application of this methodology to relevant unmodified amine-cured epoxy resins as well as commercial composites, including the shell of a wind turbine blade. Our results demonstrate that chemical recycling approaches for thermoset epoxy resins and composites are achievable.