bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study between TIG-MIG hybrid and MIG welding of 1.4462 duplex steel joints
Authors: Weis Sebastian , Grunert Robin , Brumm Stefan , Halmaghi Manuel , Prank Ulrich 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Duplex steels are used for applications that require high strength and ductility combined with good corrosion resistance. An economical welding technology to handle these steels is achieved by combining a MIG and TIG arc process. The aim is to improve welding speed and quality by utilizing a TIG-MIG hybrid welding process to join 1.4462 duplex steel with a thickness of 2 mm. The interaction between the two arcs, caused by the blowing effect, is an enormous challenge, that can be counteracted with a defined torch position and current modulation. For this purpose, a variation of the MIG (pulsed and AC pulsed arc) and TIG process (AC and pulsed DC) took place. The influence of electrical parameters on process stability and material transfer were investigated. For analysis, an evaluation of high-speed recordings (5,000 frames per second) and synchronized measured current / voltage curves (200 kHz) is carried out. Based on a number of selected specimens, a welding procedure test according to ISO 15614-1 are performed to determine the welding seam quality. The test includes the characterization by tensile and hardness testing, macroscopic and microscopic examination. Additionally, the specimens are examined according to ISO 5817.
Study on the influence of stress difference coefficient on hydraulic fractures in deep shale reservoir and the formation method of complex fracture network
Authors: Qiu Guozhou , Chang Xin , Li Jing , Guo Yintong , Wang Lei , guo wuhao , Bi Zhenhui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
With the progress of underground energy exploration and development, the research on deep shale was becoming increasingly important. Laboratory tests were designed and combined with theories to study the fracture characteristics of deep shale true triaxial hydraulic fracturing under different stress difference coefficients. Combined with the results of laboratory triaxial test and the evaluation method of rock brittleness based on energy change, it was shown that with the increase of confining pressure, the brittleness of shale decreased, indicating that it was difficult for deep shale to form complex fracture networks. In high-stress hydraulic fracturing tests with different stress difference coefficients, combining fractal theory and energy release rate principle, it was found that hydraulic fractures were easy to communicate with shale bedding planes under low horizontal stress difference coefficients, which can improve the complexity of hydraulic fractures ignoring the overall increase of the triaxial stress. Although the low horizontal stress difference coefficient in deep shale reservoir makes it easy for hydraulic fractures to communicate with shale strata and thus promote the formation of complex shale fracture network, deep shale reservoir fracture expansion is difficult and reservoir reconstruction scope is limited. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing tests under different viscosity and displacement were designed and multiple linear regression method was adopted to obtain the relationship between the coupling effect of fracturing fluid viscosity and displacement on the fractal dimension, which can not only improve the fracture complexity to a large extent, but also control the fracture propagation direction, provide reference for field fracturing work.
Poverty and income Gap: Dose Income Growth Alleviate Poverty?
Authors: Pang Hong , Liu Qiongzhi , Chen Nanxu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In this paper, two new poverty indexes, which we named RP index and RPC index, are proposed to measure poverty at a moment and changes in poverty over a period of time respectively. Compared to existing poverty indexes, RP index and RPCindex are characterized by taking into account income inequality of total population and its changes, which will enable them to more accurately measure poverty, especially relative poverty. The RP index and RPC index have been shown to satisfy seven poverty axioms, which guarantees the reliability of both indexes, as well as their sensitivity to changes in income, especially for the poor. Another important feature of RPCindex is its decomposability, which can be used to measure the impact of income growth on changes in poverty. By decomposing into source and subgroup, RPC index is decomposed as a sum of the effect of income growth and the effect of changes in incidence of poverty. The decomposition measures not only the impact of income growth on changes in poverty of total population, but also the impact of income growth on changes in poverty within subgroups and its contribution to changes in poverty of total population. Finally, using data from the China Household Finance Survey, a case study was conducted on the relative poverty of Chinese urban residents and the impact of income growth on changes in poverty. The conclusion indicates that uneven income growth will widen the income gap and therefore fail to alleviate poverty.
Root canal morphology of anterior permanent teeth in Jordanian population using two classification systems: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Taha Nessrin , Makahleh Nisrein , Hatipoglu Fatma Pertek 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth using 2 classification systems.
Materials and Methods
3342 lower anteriors were evaluated from 557 CBCT scans. The images were examined in sagittal, axial and coronal views using a CS 3D imaging software (V3.10.4, Carestream Dental). Demographic data recorded, the number of roots and canal’s morphology were described according to Vertucci and Ahmed classifications.
Results
Frequency of Type I configuration was significantly the highest in incisors and canines (76%, N = 2539), followed by Type III (20.6%, N = 687). Type II (1.1%, N = 37), IV (1.1%, N = 37), and V (0.3%, N = 11) were rarely encountered. 0.9% (N = 31) of the teeth could not be classified with the Vertucci System. The frequency of 2 roots (2MA in Ahmed classification) which has no correspondence in the Vertucci classification, was 1.1% (N = 38), it was significantly higher in canines and in females (35 canines and 3 laterals). A moderate correlation in root canal morpology was found between the left and right sides (V > 0.30). 80% (N = 2538) of the teeth did not exhibit any divergence/merging. The bifurcation level occurred mostly in the middle third of the root.
Conclusions
One fourth of anterior teeth had variation from the simple type I canal configuration and therefore requires attention during treatment. The new classification system offers a more accurate and simplified presentation of canal morphology.
Clinical relevance
: The prevalence and mid root bifurcation of second canal in lower anteriors requires attention to ensure adequate quality root canal treatment without compromising the integrity of teeth.
3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol and its metabolite 3,3-dimethylbutyrate ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis independent of choline trimethylamine lyase activity
Authors: Fechtner Sabrina , Allen Brendan E. , Chriswell Meagan E. , Jubair Widian K. , Robertson Charles E. , Kofonow Jennifer N. , Frank Daniel N. , Holers V. Michael , Kuhn Kristine A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Previous studies have identified significant alterations in intestinal carnitine metabolism in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), potentially linking bacterial dysbiosis with autoimmunity. Bacterial trimethylamine (TMA) lyases metabolize dietary carnitine to TMA, which is oxidized in the liver to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO is associated with inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, whose immunologic processes mirror that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Therefore, we investigated the possibility of ameliorating CIA by inhibiting TMA lyase activity using 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) or fluoromethylcholine (FMC). During CIA, mice were treated with 1% vol/vol DMB, 100mg/kg FMC, or vehicle. DMB-treated mice demonstrated significant (> 50%) reduction in arthritis severity compared to FMC and vehicle-treated mice. However, in contrast to FMC, DMB treatment did not reduce cecal TMA nor circulating TMAO concentrations. Using gas chromatography, we confirmed the effect of DMB is independent of TMA lyase inhibition. Further, we identified a novel host-derived metabolite of DMB, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyric acid (DMBut), which also significantly reduced disease and proinflammatory cytokines in CIA mice. Altogether, our study suggests that DMB the immunomodulatory activity of DMB and/or its metabolites are protective in CIA. Elucidating its target and mechanism of action may provide new directions for RA therapeutic development.
Additive Manufacturing Toolpath Planning Optimization for Energy Sustainability Improvement
Authors: Somade David Kolawole , Chen Niechen 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

As the application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) expands beyond prototyping, the issues of energy consumption in AM becomes increasingly significant, particularly when it is adopted at an industrial production scale or used under resource-restricted conditions. The energy consumption of an AM process is influenced by various factors. In material extrusion type AM, for example, it includes bed heating, filament extrusion, material infill, component cooling, etc. All these factors are further determined by the equipment and the toolpath for a specific printing task. Although, build orientation and tool-path direction are frequently used to optimize part and process attributes, there is a need for more comprehensive research to understand how the choice of toolpath pattern affects the energy attributes of an AM process. This research aims to develop a toolpath creation strategy for AM tasks operating under limited energy supply conditions. In an AM process, factors such as motor axis acceleration/deceleration and the total number and length of line segments on a path have significant impacts in determining on the amount of energy used to perform the printing task. To study the impact of such factors, we will develop a model that computes the energy consumption of an AM process based on the toolpath, then analyze the impacts of part design geometry on the toolpath generation. Finally, we will create a strategy to guide the generation of toolpath for specific part geometries to effectively control the total energy requirement during the AM process.
Global effects of aging on the hemodynamic response function in the human brain
Authors: Fesharaki Nooshin J. , Taylor Amanda , Mosby Keisjon , Kim Jung Hwan , Ress David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

In functional magnetic resonance imaging, the hemodynamic response function (HRF) is a transient, stereotypical response to local changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism due to briefly (< 4 s) evoked neural activity. Accordingly, the HRF is often used as an impulse response with the assumption of linearity in data analysis. In cognitive aging studies, it has been very common to interpret differences in brain activation as age-related changes in neural activity. Contrary to this assumption, however, evidence has accrued that normal aging may also significantly affect the vasculature, thereby affecting cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism, confounding interpretation of fMRI aging studies. In this study, use was made of a multisensory stimulus to evoke the HRF in ~ 87% of cerebral cortex in cognitively intact adults with ages ranging from 22–75 years. The stimulus evokes both positive and negative HRFs, which were characterized using model-free parameters in native-space coordinates. Results showed significant age trends in HRF parameter distributions in terms of both amplitudes (e.g., peak amplitude and CNR) and temporal dynamics (e.g., full-width-at-half-maximum). This work sets the stage for using HRF methods as a biomarker for age-related pathology.
Nanodisk–like Activated Carbon-Branched Polyamine for Adsorption and Degradation of Gaseous Formaldehyde
Authors: Ahmadi Younes , Kim Ki-Hyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Interactions between surface functional groups of adsorbents and pollutants are key variables controlling adsorption and degradation. Herein, we presented a new approach to address such variables by modifying the surface of activated carbon (AC) with branched polyamine (BPA) to create an efficient hybrid material for tackling a common air pollutant, i.e., formaldehyde (FA). The hybrid AC-BPA possessed amine, –COOH, –OH, and Cl− on its surface, facilitating physical, chemical, and reactive adsorption of FA. Consequently, AC-BPA exhibited a high partition coefficient (PC) of 0.64 mol kg− 1 Pa− 1 (82.3 mg g− 1 adsorption capacity), surpassing pristine AC and associated reported systems. AC-BPA performance was further improved under high relative humidity (e.g., 100% RH), achieving an impressive adsorption capacity of 144.3 mg g− 1 and PC of 1.25 mol kg− 1 Pa− 1. Further, in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy revealed that AC-BPA catalyzed the chemical transformation of FA into methylol adducts, H2O, and CO2. This study opens new approaches to the design of high-performance, energy-efficient, and metal-free hybrid materials for reactive adsorption and effective degradation of FA under ambient conditions.
Development and performance study of a composite protein foaming agent based on human hair residue
Authors: Zhang Xue-bo , Han Lin-xiu , Feng Xiao-jun , Zhang Chao-qun , Wang Pan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The instability and collapse of drilling holes in gas extraction seriously affect the effectiveness of gas extraction. Developing high-performance drilling protection materials is of great significance to ensure the effectiveness of gas extraction. In response to the need for high strength and permeability of drilling protective materials, this article selects human hair residue as the mother liquor material for composite protein foaming agents based on the high protein content of animal hoof horns and hair materials. Reasonable hydrolysis solution and its ratio have been determined, as well as the optimal active agent, foam stabilizer and their dosage .A new type of Foam concrete material with high strength, high permeability and environmental protection was developed by mixing and improving the foaming agent, and the optimal amount of foam was determined based on its compressive strength and permeability experiments. The results show that: 1) The foaming volume of foaming agent mother liquor prepared by NaOH after stirring for 1 min is 1.58 times of the foaming volume of foaming agent mother liquor prepared by Ca (OH) 2, while the 1-hour subsidence distance of NaOH hydrolytic foaming agent mother liquor is only 0.59 of that of Ca (OH) 2 hydrolytic foaming agent mother liquor, and the hydrolysis rate of NaOH is significantly higher than that of Ca (OH) 2. When sodium hydroxide is selected to hydrolyze protein, the optimal ratio of foaming agent mother liquor to water is 1:4. 2) K12, AOS, and SLS have very significant foaming effects on protein mother liquor, while LAS has extremely poor foaming effect.The foaming volume SLS>AOS>K12 indicates that SLS has the best foaming performance; The 1-hour settlement distance AOS>K12>SLS indicates the optimal foam stability performance of AOS; The variation curves of foam volume and 1-hour settling distance with the dosage of the four composite systems of active agents all roughly show an inverted "V" shape, and the optimal dosage of active agents is 2.0g/L. 3) Compared with the foam stabilizer Gum arabic and Calcium stearate, Calcium stearate has a better effect as the mother liquor mixed with anionic foam stabilizer and anionic surfactant. It is determined that the best combination scheme for foam performance is 2.0g/L lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate (SLS)+0.3% Calcium stearate. 4) The Foam concrete developed based on the compound foaming agent of human hair and slag has high strength (the strength exceeds 11MPa) and high permeability (the average permeability reaches 2.13MD); With the increase of foam content, the porosity of Foam concrete gradually increases, the permeability first increases and then decreases, and the compressive strength gradually decreases. When the amount of foaming agent is 25ml, its performance is the best.
Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor, Platelet Aggregation, and Carotid Plaque Thickness in Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Curovic Viktor Rotbain , Tavenier Juliette , Divino L Felipe F , Poulsen Christina G , Houlind Morten B , Pedersen Oliver B , Urbak Laerke , Hansen Tine W , Sillesen Henrik , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Hvas Anne-Mette , Rossing Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background:
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is an inflammatory biomarker strongly linked with cardiovascular disease in diabetes. By investigating its association with platelet aggregation levels and carotid plaque thickness, we can potentially improve the characterization of cardiovascular pathophysiology in type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).
Methods:
SuPAR was measured post-hoc in plasma collected in two cross-sectional studies including 1) individuals with T1D and 2) individuals with T2D without known cardiovascular disease. Platelet aggregation was analyzed employing impedance aggregometry using the agonists arachidonic acid (ASPI), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and thrombin receptor activating peptide-6 (TRAP). Carotid plaque thickness was assessed bilaterally, and the thickest plaque (cPTmax) was analyzed. Correlations and associations of suPAR with platelet aggregation and cPTmax were assessed with Pearson’s R and linear regressions adjusted for sex, age, C-reactive protein, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and platelet levels (only for aggregation analysis). ASPI analyses were only performed in participant not receiving aspirin treatment. Standardized estimates with 95% confidence intervals are presented.
Results:
Two-hundred eighty-three with T1D (mean age 55 years, 44% women) and 493 individuals with T2D (mean age 65 years, 33% women) were included. SuPAR levels were positively correlated to platelet aggregation in both T1D (ADP: R = 0.18, p = 0.003; ASPI R = 0.13, p = 0.026) and T2D (ADP R = 0.14, p = 0.002; ASPI R = 0.14, p = 0.017). In adjusted linear regressions higher SuPAR levels were associated with higher ADP induced platelet aggregation in both T1D (26 (8, 44) AU/min, p = 0.004) and T2D (22 (3, 42) AU/min, p = 0.025), while associations to the other agonists were not conclusive. Higher suPAR levels were associated with thicker cPTmax in T1D (0.19 (0.07, 0.32) mm, p = 0.003), but not in T2D (p = 0.94).
Conclusion:
Higher levels of suPAR, an inflammatory generalized disease biomarker, were associated with increased platelet aggregation and thicker cPTmax, in type 1 diabetes. Similar associations with platelet aggregation were found in type 2 diabetes, but not for carotid plaque thickness. These results suggest distinct cardiovascular pathomechanisms in T1D and T2D, although prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Glycine changes the sequential pattern of swallowing activity in the working heart–brainstem preparation in rats
Authors: Seikai Tetsuya , Yamanishi Tadashi , Takeshi Harada , Ono Yudai , Tsuji Tadataka , Ishihama Koji , Enomoto Akifumi , Kogo Mikihiko 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Swallowing is a centrally programmed intricate activity consisting of both excitatory and inhibitory neural transmissions to ensure aspiration does not occur. However, the central mechanisms involved, in particular, the role of the inhibitory transmission underlying the establishment of sequential movements, are not well understood. Recently, some studies have demonstrated swallowing activity recorded from the working heart–brainstem preparation (WHBP), a useful model utilized to study the neuronal mechanisms involved in centrally controlled functions. However, such an activity has not yet been adequately confirmed. The aims of this study were first to confirm ability of WHBP to elicit swallowing activity, then study the roles of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the sequential swallowing activity. Then, we found that application of a glycine receptor antagonist accelerate the timing of muscle activation of the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle during the sequential activity of swallowing, while application of a GABAA receptor antagonist did not. Based on these results, we concluded that WHBP has a conserved neuronal network necessary for establishing swallowing activity, and that glycine receptors played a role in the orchestration of the sequential pattern.
Impact of Palliative Care at end-of-life Covid19 Patients – A Pioneering Experience
Authors: Rodrigues-Ribeiro João Luis , Guedes Luísa Castro , Pinto-Ribeiro Filipa , Nunes Rui Manuel Lopes 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: The outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was considered pandemic in March 2020, having already caused numerous deaths across the planet. Being able to cause diseases ranging from indolent to extremely symptomatic and life-threatening, it would be clearly beneficial to introduce professionals specialised in symptom control in advanced disease to combat it, in strict collaboration with other specialties, throughout the disease process. There are no studies in Portugal that analyse the intervention of Palliative Medicine at the end of life of these patients and how it differs from other specialties, so its knowledge could ascertain the importance of its inclusion in the care of the person with Covid19 in an advanced stage.
Objectives: It is intended to verify the existence of differences between the care provided to Covid19 patients in a situation of Last Hours and Days of Life (LHDOL) followed by Palliative Medicine Doctors compared to patients who were not followed up by this specialty.
Methods:Retrospective Cohort study using clinical files of deceased Covid19 users in a backup inpatient unit as a database.
Results:Statistically significant differences were found in the care provided, namely a lower number of drugs at the time of death, drugs for dyspnoea, pain, and agitation, suspension of futile devices and use of palliative sedation to control refractory symptoms.
Conclusion: End-of-life care and symptomatic control differ when there’s regular follow-up by Palliative Medicine, which may translate not only into less symptomatic suffering, but also into a more dignified and humanised end of life.