bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the causal interpretation of randomised interventional indirect effects
Authors: Miles Caleb H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIdentification of standard mediated effects such as the natural indirect effect relies on heavy causal assumptions. By circumventing such assumptions, so-called randomised interventional indirect effects have gained popularity in the mediation literature. Here, I introduce properties one might demand of an indirect effect measure in order for it to have a true mediational interpretation. For instance, the sharp null criterion requires an indirect effect measure to be null whenever no individual-level indirect effect exists. I show that without stronger assumptions, randomised interventional indirect effects do not satisfy such criteria. I additionally discuss alternative causal interpretations of such effects.
Capacity building fees provisions of the Kurdistan region production sharing contracts as a mandatory corporate social responsibility tool
Authors: Salih Rdhwan Shareef 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to corporate social responsibility (CSR), oil companies operate in socially responsible ways and engage more with local communities to ensure environmental protection and community welfare. In the past few years, the Kurdistan Region paid great attention to CSR. The main aim of this study is to provide a critical analysis of the CSR legal framework of the Kurdistan Region and survey the impact of CSR implementation on economic growth in Kurdistan, with a view to ascertain legal complications and underlining the weaknesses. The study clarifies that CSR is not limited to purely voluntary undertakings by companies but extends to mandatory government regulation and contractual commitments. In the Kurdistan Region, there is no legislation to make CSR mandatory or regulate CSR, and there is no penalty for non-complying companies. However, most of Kurdistan’s available production sharing contracts (PSCs) oblige contractors to pay capacity building bonuses and payments but due to the lack of legal regulation, their adopted amounts and types vary, and a number of PSCs require no capacity building bonus. Finally, the study suggests that CSR should be enforced by issuing a specific law and also propounds numerous recommendations for the Kurdistan Region to minimize legal contentions and problems relating to CSR.
One step further toward a crop CO2-concentrating mechanism
Authors: Findinier Justin , Grossman Arthur R 
Published: June 2023

This article comments on:
Förster B, Rourke LM, Weerasooriya HN, Pabuayon ICM, Rolland V, Au EK, Bala S, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Kaines S, Kasili RW, LaPlace LM, Machingura MC, Massey B, Rosati VC, Stuart-Williams H, Badger MR, Price GD, Moroney JV. 2023. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii chloroplast envelope protein LCIA transports bicarbonate in planta. Journal of Experimental Botany 74, 3651–3666
First test of the consistency relation for the large-scale structure using the anisotropic three-point correlation function of BOSS DR12 galaxies
Authors: Sugiyama Naonori S , Yamauchi Daisuke , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Fujita Tomohiro , Arai Shun , Hirano Shin’ichi , Saito Shun , Beutler Florian , Seo Hee-Jong 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present, for the first time, an observational test of the consistency relation for the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe through a joint analysis of the anisotropic two- and three-point correlation functions (2PCF and 3PCF) of galaxies. We parameterize the breakdown of the LSS consistency relation in the squeezed limit by Es, which represents the ratio of the coefficients of the shift terms in the second-order density and velocity fluctuations. Es ≠ 1 is a sufficient condition under which the LSS consistency relation is violated. A novel aspect of this work is that we constrain Es by obtaining information about the non-linear velocity field from the quadrupole component of the 3PCF without taking the squeezed limit. Using the galaxy catalogues in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Data Release 12, we obtain $E_{\rm s} = -0.92_{-3.26}^{+3.13}$, indicating that there is no violation of the LSS consistency relation in our analysis within the statistical errors. Our parameterization is general enough that our constraint can be applied to a wide range of theories, such as multicomponent fluids, modified gravity theories, and their associated galaxy bias effects. Our analysis opens a new observational window to test the fundamental physics using the anisotropic higher-order correlation functions of galaxy clustering.
A catalogue of radio supernova remnants and candidate supernova remnants in the EMU/POSSUM Galactic pilot field
Authors: Ball Brianna D , Kothes Roland , Rosolowsky Erik , West Jennifer , Becker Werner , Filipović Miroslav D , Gaensler B M , Hopkins Andrew M , Koribalski Bärbel , Landecker Tom , Leahy Denis , Marvil Joshua , Sun Xiaohui , Bufano Filomena , Carretti Ettore , Ingallinera Adriano , Van Eck Cameron L , Willis Tony 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We use data from the pilot observations of the EMU/POSSUM surveys to study the ‘missing supernova remnant (SNR) problem’, the discrepancy between the number of Galactic SNRs that have been observed, and the number that are estimated to exist. The Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) and the Polarization Sky Survey of the Universe’s Magnetism (POSSUM) are radio sky surveys that are conducted using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We report on the properties of seven known SNRs in the joint Galactic pilot field, with an approximate longitude and latitude of 323° ≤ l ≤ 330° and −4° ≤ b ≤ 2°, respectively, and identify 21 SNR candidates. Of these, four have been previously identified as SNR candidates, three were previously listed as a single SNR, 13 have not been previously studied, and one has been studied in the infrared. These are the first discoveries of Galactic SNR candidates with EMU/POSSUM and, if confirmed, they will increase the SNR density in this field by a factor of 4. By comparing our SNR candidates to the known Galactic SNR population, we demonstrate that many of these sources were likely missed in previous surveys due to their small angular size and/or low surface brightness. We suspect that there are SNRs in this field that remain undetected due to limitations set by the local background and confusion with other radio sources. The results of this paper demonstrate the potential of the full EMU/POSSUM surveys to uncover more of the missing Galactic SNR population.
CDK8 and CDK19: positive regulators of signal-induced transcription and negative regulators of Mediator complex proteins
Authors: Chen Mengqian , Li Jing , Zhang Li , Wang Lili , Cheng Chen , Ji Hao , Altilia Serena , Ding Xiaokai , Cai Guoshuai , Altomare Diego , Shtutman Michael , Byrum Stephanie D , Mackintosh Samuel G , Feoktistov Alexey , Soshnikova Nataliya , Mogila Vladislav A , Tatarskiy Victor , Erokhin Maksim , Chetverina Darya , Prawira Angga , Ni Yi , Urban Stephan , McInnes Campbell , Broude Eugenia V , Roninson Igor B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We have conducted a detailed transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis of CDK8 and its paralog CDK19, alternative enzymatic components of the kinase module associated with transcriptional Mediator complex and implicated in development and diseases. This analysis was performed using genetic modifications of CDK8 and CDK19, selective CDK8/19 small molecule kinase inhibitors and a potent CDK8/19 PROTAC degrader. CDK8/19 inhibition in cells exposed to serum or to agonists of NFκB or protein kinase C (PKC) reduced the induction of signal-responsive genes, indicating a pleiotropic role of Mediator kinases in signal-induced transcriptional reprogramming. CDK8/19 inhibition under basal conditions initially downregulated a small group of genes, most of which were inducible by serum or PKC stimulation. Prolonged CDK8/19 inhibition or mutagenesis upregulated a larger gene set, along with a post-transcriptional increase in the proteins comprising the core Mediator complex and its kinase module. Regulation of both RNA and protein expression required CDK8/19 kinase activities but both enzymes protected their binding partner cyclin C from proteolytic degradation in a kinase-independent manner. Analysis of isogenic cell populations expressing CDK8, CDK19 or their kinase-inactive mutants revealed that CDK8 and CDK19 have the same qualitative effects on protein phosphorylation and gene expression at the RNA and protein levels, whereas differential effects of CDK8 versus CDK19 knockouts were attributable to quantitative differences in their expression and activity rather than different functions.
Efficacy and safety of prolonged water fasting: a narrative review of human trials
Authors: Ezpeleta Mark , Cienfuegos Sofia , Lin Shuhao , Pavlou Vasiliki , Gabel Kelsey , Varady Krista A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The goal of this narrative review is to summarize the effects of prolonged fasting on various metabolic health measures, including body weight, blood pressure, plasma lipids, and glycemic control. Prolonged fasting is characterized by consciously eating little to no food or caloric beverages for several days to weeks. Results reveal that prolonged fasting for 5–20 days produces potent increases in circulating ketones, and mild to moderate weight loss of 2–10%. Approximately two-thirds of the weight lost is lean mass, and one-third is fat mass. The excessive lean mass loss suggests that prolonged fasting may increase the breakdown of muscle proteins, which is a concern. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure consistently decreased with prolonged fasting. However, the impact of these protocols on plasma lipids is less clear. While some trials demonstrate decreases in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, others show no benefit. With regard to glycemic control, reductions in fasting glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were noted in adults with normoglycemia. In contrast, these glucoregulatory factors remained unchanged in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The effects of refeeding were also examined in a few trials. It was shown that 3–4 months after the fast was completed, all metabolic benefits were no longer observed, even when weight loss was maintained. With regard to adverse events, metabolic acidosis, headaches, insomnia, and hunger were observed in some studies. In summary, prolonged fasting appears to be a moderately safe diet therapy that can produce clinically significant weight loss (&gt;5%) over a few days or weeks. However, the ability of these protocols to produce sustained improvements in metabolic markers warrants further investigation.
Children at Familial High risk of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Exhibit Altered Connectivity Patterns During Pre-attentive Processing of an Auditory Prediction Error
Authors: Larsen Kit Melissa , Madsen Kathrine Skak , Ver Loren van Themaat Anna Hester , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Siebner Hartwig Roman 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have attenuated auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) responses, indicating impaired sensory information processing. Computational models of effective connectivity between brain areas underlying MMN responses show reduced connectivity between fronto-temporal areas in individuals with schizophrenia. Here we ask whether children at familial high risk (FHR) of developing a serious mental disorder show similar alterations.

Study Design
We recruited 67 children at FHR for schizophrenia, 47 children at FHR for bipolar disorder as well as 59 matched population-based controls from the Danish High Risk and Resilience study. The 11–12-year-old participants engaged in a classical auditory MMN paradigm with deviations in frequency, duration, or frequency and duration, while we recorded their EEG. We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to infer on the effective connectivity between brain areas underlying MMN.

Study Results
DCM yielded strong evidence for differences in effective connectivity among groups in connections from right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) to right superior temporal gyrus (STG), along with differences in intrinsic connectivity within primary auditory cortex (A1). Critically, the 2 high-risk groups differed in intrinsic connectivity in left STG and IFG as well as effective connectivity from right A1 to right STG. Results persisted even when controlling for past or present psychiatric diagnoses.

Conclusions
We provide novel evidence that connectivity underlying MMN responses in children at FHR for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is altered at the age of 11–12, echoing findings that have been found in individuals with manifest schizophrenia.
The financialization of corporate venture capital investment? The corporation as a venture capitalist
Authors: Szalavetz Andrea , Sauvage Nicolas 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent trends in corporate venture capital (CVC) activities have added to the size and complexity of the financial system. Intuition suggests that in a period marked by spectacularly increasing start-up valuations, the opportunity to earn large capital gains increases the importance of corporate investors’ financial motivations. Drawing on interviews with 12 Silicon Valley-based CVC units of global industrial companies, we examine if new trends in CVC investment represent a diversion from incumbents’ traditional focus on improving the competitive advantage of their core businesses. Building on the theory of the financialization of non-financial companies, we investigate the relationship between the strategic and financial motivations of CVC investing. We extend theory by distinguishing between developments at the extensive and intensive margins. We argue that the commonly applied quantitative measures capture financialization only at the extensive margin. Qualitative data indicate that the hypothesis of financialization does not hold at the intensive margin.
Boosting work through welfare? Individual-level employment outcomes of social investment across European welfare states through the Great Recession
Authors: Ronchi Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given the heterogeneity of European welfare states, governments’ efforts in ‘social investment’ reform may reap different outcomes in different national contexts. Through multi-level modelling based on longitudinal microdata from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (2004–2013) and on country-level policy indicators, this article assesses: whether citizens of countries that put higher budgetary efforts into social investment have better employment prospects and whether increasing such efforts over time improves employment chances within a country; whether people living in social investment-oriented welfare states maintained higher employment chances in the years of the Great Recession; whether micro-level employment outcomes depend on (in-)complementarities between investment- and protection-oriented policies. The results reveal that the most social investment-oriented welfare states show higher individual-level employment chances, which they were able to preserve during the Great Recession. However, increasing resources on social investments does not always yield empirically discernible returns over the short-to-medium term.
Nutrient Supplementation Improves Contact Lens–Induced Corneal Cell Damage Based on a SIRC Cellular Model
Authors: Chang Wan-Hsin , Tsai Meng-Chun , Liu Pei-Yi , Lu Chien-Ju , Howard Hsu Yuan-Hao 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
The long-term use of contact lenses may damage the structure of the ocular surface and cause metabolic disorders in corneal cells. Vitamins and amino acids help maintain the physiological function of the eye. In the present study, the effects of nutrient (vitamin and amino acid) supplementation on corneal cell repair after contact lens–induced damage was investigated.

Methods:
High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the nutrient contents of minimum essential medium, and the MTT assay was used to measure the viability of corneal cells. A Statens Seruminstitut rabbit cornea cellular model was established to simulate contact lens–induced keratopathy and investigate the effects of vitamin and amino acid supplementations on corneal cell repair.

Results:
The high water content lens group (78%) has a cell viability as high as 83.3%, whereas the cell viability of the low water content lens group (38%) is only 51.6%. The 32.0% difference between the two groups confirms the correlation between water content of lens and corneal viability.

Conclusions:
Vitamin B2, vitamin B12, asparagine, and taurine supplementation may help improve contact lens–induced damage.
Vulvar and Vaginal Graft Versus Host Disease After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant—A Systematic Review
Authors: Preston Marta , Richards Anthony 
Published: June 2023

Objective
To conduct a systematic literature search to identify and determine the prevalence, signs and symptoms, and clinical management of vulvar and vaginal graft versus host disease (GVHD).

Methods
A systematic literature search of articles from 1993 to August 2022 was performed. Studies were included if full text was available in the English language and provided reports on female subjects with more than four patients. Review articles, conference abstracts, case reports, and case series of less than 5 patients were excluded. Included studies had their reference list searched for further manuscripts. Two authors reviewed the search results and independently identified studies that met the selection criteria and summarized available data.

Results
There were 29 studies available in the literature that met the inclusion criteria. There was a high risk of bias within the available literature. The prevalence of vulval and vaginal GVHD varied between 27% and 66% of women after allogeneic stem cell transplant. Other organ GVHD, most commonly the skin, mouth, and eyes, may be present concurrently in these patients, or they may be asymptomatic. Specialist gynecology review, topical estrogen, topical steroids, topical immunosuppression, and vaginal dilatation led to a reduction in complications associated with the condition, and surgery was helpful in some severe refractory cases. These patients remain at higher risk of developing cervical dysplasia, and regular human papillomavirus screening is recommended.

Conclusions
Female genital GVHD is a rare phenomenon. Early, coordinated, and regular gynecological reviews after stem cell transplant are essential to reduce the long-term complications.
Characteristics of Patients With Behçet Disease From the Van Province, Eastern Turkey
Authors: Oguz Emin , Bektaş Murat 
Published: June 2023

Background
Behçet disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease that affects skin mucosa, joints, eyes, and blood vessels. Behçet disease shows some clinical differences in terms of disease manifestations and prognosis among the Silk Road countries, as well as various ethnicities even in the same country. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical features and disease course of BD using cluster analysis in Van province, Eastern Turkey.

Methods
This study was carried out in a tertiary referral center in Van province, by reviewing medical records. Seven disease manifestations were included to the cluster analysis as follows: mucocutaneous findings (oral ulcer, genital ulcer, erythema nodosum–like lesions, pseudofolliculitis), uveitis, superficial thrombophlebitis, musculoskeletal involvement, gastrointestinal system involvement, vascular involvement, and parenchymal central nervous system involvement.

Results
We identified 467 patients. After the exclusion of 6 patients who had missing data and 17 patients who did not live in Van, 444 patients (59.2% male) included into the study. Meeting the International Study Group and the International Criteria for Behçet Disease criteria were 91.6% and 96%, respectively, and 91.3% (n = 379/415) of these patients met both criteria. Four clusters were identified in the analyses: 132 patients (31.2%) in vascular (C1), 66 patients (15.6%) in ocular (C2), 60 patients (14.2%) in musculoskeletal (C3), and 165 patients (39%) in mucocutaneous (C4) clusters. Male gender (p = 0.002; odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2–21.4), superficial thrombophlebitis (p = 0.001; OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 1.9–11.4), and uveitis (p = 0.01; OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–9.9) were associated with vascular involvement in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions
In our study, 4 clusters were detected in patients with BD from Van province. The prevalence of severe manifestations of BD may be related to genetic or environmental factors, such as differences in ethnicity and/or geographical differences. Despite the higher proportion of patients with a more severe disease, a favorable outcome was observed in our cohort.
Computed Tomography 2.0
Authors: Lell Michael , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComputed tomography (CT) dramatically improved the capabilities of diagnostic and interventional radiology. Starting in the early 1970s, this imaging modality is still evolving, although tremendous improvements in scan speed, volume coverage, spatial and soft tissue resolution, as well as dose reduction have been achieved. Tube current modulation, automated exposure control, anatomy-based tube voltage (kV) selection, advanced x-ray beam filtration, and iterative image reconstruction techniques improved image quality and decreased radiation exposure. Cardiac imaging triggered the demand for high temporal resolution, volume acquisition, and high pitch modes with electrocardiogram synchronization. Plaque imaging in cardiac CT as well as lung and bone imaging demand for high spatial resolution. Today, we see a transition of photon-counting detectors from experimental and research prototype setups into commercially available systems integrated in patient care. Moreover, with respect to CT technology and CT image formation, artificial intelligence is increasingly used in patient positioning, protocol adjustment, and image reconstruction, but also in image preprocessing or postprocessing. The aim of this article is to give an overview of the technical specifications of up-to-date available whole-body and dedicated CT systems, as well as hardware and software innovations for CT systems in the near future.