bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flight to Lottery Ahead of FOMC Announcements: Institutional Investors or Retail Investors?
Authors: Guo Haifeng , Hung Chi‐Hsiou D. , Kontonikas Alexandros , Zeng Yeqin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the pre‐Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) announcement drift at the stock level. We hypothesize that investors have a higher propensity to speculate before the monetary policy announcements by the FOMC, due to the resolution of uncertainty and associated reduction in investors' fear. Indeed, we find evidence that there exists a drift of lottery‐like stocks in the pre‐FOMC window, when investors' fear gauge is lower, together with higher demand for lottery‐like stocks and higher realized skewness. Moreover, we show that the demand for lottery‐like stocks ahead of FOMC announcements is more prominent among institutional investors than retail investors. Our findings also identify the key role of transient and quasi‐index institutional investors in our documented flight‐to‐lottery effect. Our findings advance the ongoing debates about the role of firms' investor heterogeneity in determining how monetary policy affects corporate managers' decisions. Our paper has important implications for central banks and managers by showing that investors' preference for lottery‐like stocks increases before FOMC announcements.
Changes of heart: Debating the role of cardiology and cardiac surgery in India, 1948–1968
Authors: Jones David S. , Sivaramakrishnan Kavita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn 1950, the leaders of independent India celebrated the contributions that surgeons could make to modernising India. Surgeons, however, faced a difficult choice. Some wanted to invest in generalist surgeons to make basic surgical care available to all Indians. Others wanted to invest in specialists to ensure that India participated in cutting‐edge surgical research and care. These debates shaped the emergence of cardiac surgery at two centres: the Christian Medical College in Vellore and the King Edward Memorial Hospital in Bombay. CMC invested in thoracic surgery in the 1940s to offer new treatments for tuberculosis. This gave surgeons the opportunity to explore new techniques of cardiac surgery. Debate quickly emerged about whether investments in cardiology and cardiac surgery made sense. In the end, the specialities were supported in order to attract paying patients. A parallel controversy took place at KEM, where the dean debated the Bombay Municipal Corporation about the role of surgical research at a public hospital. The Rockefeller Foundation influenced both sites, offering financial support if they adopted an American model of full‐time faculty clinician‐researchers. The two case studies reveal how unusual dynamics could contribute to the establishment of new medical specialities in India.
Deontological and consequentialist preferences towards arms exports: A comparative conjoint experiment in France and Germany
Authors: RUDOLPH LUKAS , FREITAG MARKUS , THURNER PAUL W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite fierce politicization in arms‐exporting democracies, we lack systematic research on mass public preferences on arms transfers. We propose that citizens either apply a deontologist (rejecting transfers categorically) or consequentialist (trading‐off economic, strategic and normative aspects) calculus of preference formation. Conducting population‐representative survey experiments () in Germany and France, two global top‐five major arms exporters, we find that 10–15 per cent of respondents follow deontologist considerations, a preference structure potentially relevant for all foreign policies involving the use of military force. Still, a majority shows differentiated preferences, giving largest weight to normative considerations, with assessments affected by moderating features (e.g., scenarios of just war). Principled rejection of arms trade and a large consequentialist weight for normative factors are more pronounced in Germany compared to France, indicating that public opinion might pose a stronger constraint for government policy in this country. Respondents' preferences match opinion polls on post‐Russian invasion Ukraine armament, indicating high external validity of our experiments.
Easy‐to‐use R functions to separate reduced‐representation genomic datasets into sex‐linked and autosomal loci, and conduct sex assignment
Authors: Robledo‐Ruiz Diana A. , Austin Lana , Amos J. Nevil , Castrejón‐Figueroa Jesús , Harley Daniel K. P. , Magrath Michael J. L. , Sunnucks Paul , Pavlova Alexandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIdentifying sex‐linked markers in genomic datasets is important because their presence in supposedly neutral autosomal datasets can result in incorrect estimates of genetic diversity, population structure and parentage. However, detecting sex‐linked loci can be challenging, and available scripts neglect some categories of sex‐linked variation. Here, we present new R functions to (1) identify and separate sex‐linked loci in ZW and XY sex determination systems and (2) infer the genetic sex of individuals based on these loci. We tested these functions on genomic data for two bird and one mammal species and compared the biological inferences made before and after removing sex‐linked loci using our function. We found that our function identified autosomal loci with ≥98.8% accuracy and sex‐linked loci with an average accuracy of 87.8%. We showed that standard filters, such as low read depth and call rate, failed to remove up to 54.7% of sex‐linked loci. This led to (i) overestimation of population FIS by up to 24%, and the number of private alleles by up to 8%; (ii) wrongly inferring significant sex differences in heterozygosity; (iii) obscuring genetic population structure and (iv) inferring ~11% fewer correct parentages. We discuss how failure to remove sex‐linked markers can lead to incorrect biological inferences (e.g. sex‐biased dispersal and cryptic population structure) and misleading management recommendations. For reduced‐representation datasets with at least 15 known‐sex individuals of each sex, our functions offer convenient resources to remove sex‐linked loci and to sex the remaining individuals (freely available at https://github.com/drobledoruiz/conservation_genomics).
Does manual lymphatic drainage improve upper extremity functionality in female patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis? A randomized controlled study
Authors: Akdeniz Leblebicier Merve , Cihan Emine , Şahbaz Pirinççi Cansu , Ture Arzu , Ari Büşra , Ozlu Aysun , Yaman Fatima 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the effect of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) on upper extremity functionality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Materials and methodsThirty‐nine female patients diagnosed with RA who were in remission were included in the study. The study group included 19 participants (mean age 50.63 ± 9.83 years), the control group included 20 participants (mean age 55.05 ± 5.89 years). The patients were randomized into two groups as home exercise program plus MLD and home exercise program alone. Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks. The primary outcome measure was pressure pain threshold (PPT). The patients were evaluated using the PPT, visual analog scale (VAS), hand–wrist joint range of motion examination, hand dynamometer and pinchmeter measurements, and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Scale before the interventention and at the end of the 4th week.ResultsThe PPT evaluated at the thumbnail, wrist, and trapezius significantly increased in the study group after treatment (p < .001, p = .001, and p < .001, respectively). MLD was found to significantly increase the PPT at the thumbnail compared with home exercise program (p = .047). The VAS score significantly decreased in the study group (p = .011). The level of increase in radial deviation was statistically higher in the study group (p = .004).ConclusionManual lymphatic drainage had a positive effect on pain, PPT, and range of motion in RA patients in remission. MLD can be added to medical and other conservative treatments in RA patients.
A real‐world Australian experience of upadacitinib for the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tran Vanessa , Ross Gayle 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpadacitinib is a selective Janus kinase‐1 (JAK‐1) inhibitor that has been shown in clinical trials to be effective for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). This study aimed to evaluate the real‐world experience of patients with AD treated with upadacitinib in a single‐centre Australian cohort. Our study revealed a higher propensity for herpetic infections compared with previous randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
How the World Economic Forum damages the credibility of climate science
Authors: Woodworth Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe World Economic Forum (WEF) was established in 1971 with the nominal purpose of bringing together leaders to discuss global problems. However, it is well on its way to becoming the most powerful institution in the world, merely by setting forth an agenda for global management that is attractive to many political and business leaders. Two of the central issues on which the WEF has focused are climate change and the pandemic. The first has a depth of scientific support, but the WEF's stance and official pronouncements on the latter were never based on normal scientific review procedures. Since the WEF was a catalyst in the rush to judgment on COVID‐19 lockdowns and vaccine mandates, this suggests that the WEF is primarily guided by political motives, not by science. In fact, the way the WEF approaches the climate issue—as an excuse to restrict freedom without promoting renewable energy sources—makes evident the true motives of the WEF. As a result of the WEF's political use of the climate issue, the validity of climate science has been tarnished in the public mind. If there were true political will to solve the existential problem for future generations, the following could be undertaken immediately: To convert the oil industry to renewable energy, national governments of the world could agree to require that the fossil fuel companies receiving tax dollars convert to renewable energy at a rate of 7%–8% per year. Compounded, within 10 years, these companies would still be dominating the energy game, but with safe sustainable alternatives.
Is the measurement of sarcopenia associated with oncological disease in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy?
Authors: Siu Adrian Hang Yue , Holyland Matthew , Carey Sharon , Steffens Daniel , Ansari Nabila , Koh Cherry E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPeritoneal malignancies are challenging cancers to manage. While cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS and HIPEC), may offer a cure, it is a radical procedure associated with significant morbidity. Pre‐emptive identification of deconditioned patients for optimization may mitigate surgical risk. However, the difficulty lies in identifying a cost‐effective predictive tool. Recently, there has been interest in sarcopenia, which may occur due to malignancy. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of sarcopenia at predicting post‐operative outcomes.MethodsA quaternary‐centre retrospective study of CRS and HIPEC patients (2017–2020), were conducted to determine the association between pre‐operative sarcopenia on oncological (peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI)) and surgical outcomes (complications). Sarcopenia from lumbar CT‐images were measured using Slice‐o‐matic™. Statistical differences were analysed using Mann–Whitney U and Chi‐squared test.ResultsCohort analysis (n = 94) found 40% had sarcopenia, majority were female (53.2%), and average age of 55 years. The major pathologies was colorectal cancer (n = 39, 41.5%), appendix adenocarcinoma (n = 21, 22.3%), and pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) (n = 19, 20.2%). Sarcopenia was associated with decreased weight, 72.7 versus 82.2 kg (P = 0.014) and shorter survival, 1.4 versus 2.1 years (95% CI, 1.09–3.05, P = 0.032). Median PCI (excluding PMP) was 11 (6–18) and median PCI (only PMP) was 25 (11–32). Post‐operatively, sarcopenia patients experienced more complications (72.5% vs. 64.8%, P = 0.001).ConclusionPre‐emptive identification of sarcopenia may be a useful prognostic indicator and predictor of post‐operative outcomes in CRS and HIPEC. For oncological patients, sarcopenia may be an indicator of patients requiring targeted pre‐operative rehabilitation, or advanced disease requiring further treatment.
Clinical relevance of cell‐free DNA during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Lingel Maximilian P. , Haus Moritz , Paschke Lukas , Foltan Maik , Lubnow Matthias , Gruber Michael , Krenkel Lars , Lehle Karla 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThrombosis remains a critical complication during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO). The involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in thrombogenesis has to be discussed. The aim was to verify NETs in the form of cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) in the plasma of patients during ECMO.MethodsA fluorescent DNA‐binding dye (QuantifFluor®, Promega) was used to detect cell‐free DNA in plasma samples. cfDNA concentrations from volunteers (n = 21) and patients (n = 9) were compared and correlated with clinical/technical data before/during support, ECMO end and time of a system exchange.ResultsBefore ECMO, patients with a median (IQR) age of 59 (51/63) years, SOFA score of 11 (10/15), and ECMO run time of 9.0 (7.0/19.5) days presented significantly higher levels of cfDNA compared to volunteers (6.4 (5.8/7.9) ng/μL vs. 5.9 (5.4/6.3) ng/μL; p = 0.044). Within 2 days after ECMO start, cfDNA, inflammatory, and hemolysis parameters remained unchanged, while platelets decreased (p = 0.005). After ECMO removal at the end of therapy, cfDNA, inflammation, and coagulation data (except antithrombin III) remained unchanged. The renewal of a system resulted in known alterations in fibrinogen, d‐dimers, and platelets, while cfDNA remained unchanged.ConclusionDetection of cfDNA in plasma of ECMO patients was not an indicator of acute and circuit‐induced thrombogenesis.
A longitudinal regional study on the role of fundraising organizations affecting local giving levels in South Korea
Authors: Roh Beop‐rae , Kim Yun Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aims to examine the regional characteristics that affect the region's level of collective donation behavior. Most studies examining factors affecting donation behavior were conducted at the individual level. However, regional‐level comparative studies enable an understanding of environmental factors influencing donation behavior. Especially in this study, the number of nonprofit fundraising organizations per unit population in each region was included to observe how much the activities of related organizations affect the regional donation rate and average donation amount. The number of fundraising organizations did not have a significant relationship with the donation rate of the region but had a limited positive effect on the average donation amount of donors. In addition, the regional economic level also significantly impacted the regional donation level. It was found that the ratio of poor households or major demographic characteristics had different effects on the donation rate and the average donation amount, respectively.
Platelet P2Y12 signalling pathway in the dysregulated immune response during sepsis
Authors: Amoafo Emmanuel Boadi , Entsie Philomena , Kang Ying , Canobbio Ilaria , Liverani Elisabetta 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSepsis is a complicated pathological condition in response to severe infection. It is characterized by a strong systemic inflammatory response, where multiple components of the immune system are involved. Currently, there is no treatment for sepsis. Blood platelets are known for their role in haemostasis, but they also participate in inflammation through cell–cell interaction and the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Interestingly, an increase in platelet activation, secretion, and aggregation with other immune cells (such as monocytes, T‐lymphocytes and neutrophils) has been detected in septic patients. Therefore, antiplatelet therapy in terms of P2Y12 antagonists has been evaluated as a possible treatment for sepis. It was found that blocking P2Y12 receptors decreased platelet marker expression and limited attachment to immune cells in some studies, but not in others. This review addresses the role of platelets in sepsis and discusses whether antagonizing P2Y12 signalling pathways can alter the disease outcome. Challenges in studying P2Y12 antagonists in sepsis also are discussed.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non‐thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc
Non‐linearities in international prices
Authors: Lee Inkoo , Soo Park Sang , Zachariadis Marios 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe consider multiple sources of non‐linearity in good‐level law‐of‐one‐price deviations across the globe using a structural model that accounts for previously omitted variables and allows estimation of good‐level convergence rates both within and outside the bands of no trade. Accounting for the role of theoretically implied variables and their non‐linear interactions in the convergence process of law‐of‐one‐price deviations, we find that good‐level convergence rates are systematically faster compared with convergence estimates based on reduced‐form models. Contrary to conventional wisdom, good‐level price differentials exhibit mean‐reverting behaviour even within the bands of no trade. Moreover, mean‐reversion rates are strongly related to economic characteristics such as tradability and a good's non‐traded input content.
A deep intronic DLG4 variant resulting in DLG4‐related synaptopathy
Authors: Levy Amanda M. , Ganapathi Mythily , Chung Wendy K. , Tümer Zeynep 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe rare autosomal dominant brain disorder DLG4‐related synaptopathy is caused by de novo variants in DLG4 (encoding PSD‐95), the majority of which are predicted to be protein‐truncating. In addition to splice site variants, a number of synonymous and missense DLG4 variants are predicted to exert their effect through altered RNA splicing, although the pathogenicity of these variants is uncertain without functional RNA studies. Here, we describe a young boy with a deep intronic DLG4 variant (c.2105+235C>T) identified using whole genome sequencing. By using reverse‐transcription PCR on RNA derived from peripheral blood, we demonstrate that DLG4 mRNA expression is detectable in blood and the deep intronic variant gives rise to two alternative DLG4 transcripts, one of which includes a pseudoexon. Both alternative transcripts are out‐of‐frame and predicted to result in protein‐truncation, thereby establishing the genetic diagnosis for the proband. This adds to the evidence concerning the pathogenic potential of deep intronic variants and underlines the importance of functional studies, even in cases where reported tissue‐specific gene expression might suggest otherwise.
Immediately loaded full arch implant rehabilitation and oral health‐related quality of life: A retrospective cohort study from primary dental care
Authors: Legg Andrew , Hare Katherine , Campbell Colin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThis study evaluates patient‐centered outcomes in patients undergoing full‐arch rehabilitation, with immediate loading of implants. Using the Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaire pre‐and post‐treatment, it assesses the hypothesis that immediate full arch loading significantly improves quality of life.MethodologyA dataset was defined as: 20 consecutive patients from a research database who had undergone IFAL surgery (maxilla, mandible, or both) and definitive restoration by a single clinician, and completed the OHIP‐14 questionnaire prior to treatment and after restoration.ResultsPre (T0) and post (T1) treatment questionnaires were analyzed from 20 consecutive patients in whom a total of 160 implants were placed. The mean T0 score was 26.7, and mean T1 score 4.6. Differences were statistically significant (p = 0.00008). Greatest improvements were seen in psychological discomfort and disability, and pain. Worsening quality of life was shown by questions relating to speech in six patients and taste in three patients.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that overall IFAL significantly improves tooth‐related quality of life. It suggests reasons for patients to seek treatment while providing evidence to manage expectations, such as possible implications on speech, thus supporting informed consent of future patients in a primary care setting.
CARE: Protocol of a randomised trial evaluating the feasibility of preoperative intentional weight loss to support postoperative recovery in patients with excess weight and colorectal cancer
Authors: Koutoukidis Dimitrios A. , Jebb Susan A. , Foster Claire , Wheatstone Pete , Horne Alison , Hill T. Martyn , Taylor Amy , Realpe Alba , Achana Felix , Buczacki Simon J. A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimExcess weight increases the risk of morbidity following colorectal cancer surgery. Weight loss may improve morbidity, but it is uncertain whether patients can follow an intensive weight loss intervention while waiting for surgery and there are concerns about muscle mass loss. The aim of this trial is to assess the feasibility of intentional weight loss in this setting and determine progression to a definitive trial.MethodsCARE is a prospectively registered, multicentre, feasibility, parallel, randomised controlled trial with embedded evaluation and optimisation of the recruitment process. Participants with excess weight awaiting curative colorectal resection for cancer are randomised 1:1 to care as usual or a low‐energy nutritionally‐replete total diet replacement programme with weekly remote behavioural support by a dietitian. Progression criteria will be based on the recruitment, engagement, adherence, and retention rates. Data will be collected on the 30‐day postoperative morbidity, the typical primary outcome of prehabilitation trials. Secondary outcomes will include, among others, length of hospital stay, health‐related quality of life, and body composition. Qualitative interviews will be used to understand patients' experiences of and attitudes towards trial participation and intervention engagement and adherence.ConclusionCARE will evaluate the feasibility of intensive intentional weight loss as prehabilitation before colorectal cancer surgery. The results will determine the planning of a definitive trial.