bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigations on composite columns: round hollow sections with embedded solid core section made of high‐strength steel
Authors: Nonn Jonas , Janiak Till , Wolters Kevin , Rittich Nils , Feldmann Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to price developments, steel composite columns have lost significant market shares to prefabricated reinforced concrete columns in recent years. Using high‐strength steel (HSS) in composite columns may offer a way of reviving the market for these kinds of columns. There are different ways of using HSS for composite columns, however, many are associated with the use of welds. Welding of HSS can lead to cold and hot cracks, while also causing high residual stresses which can lead to a decrease of the load bearing capacity. Hollow section composite columns with embedded solid core cross‐sections and using HSS may offer a way to solve this problem.Round hollow sections with embedded solid core as a composite column have so far only been investigated for steel grades up to S460. Within the scope of German FOSTA research project P1501, a concept for a test setup is derived to investigate hollow sections with embedded solid core as a composite column made of HSS. The experimental results will be used as the basis for further numerical studies, which will be discussed within the scope of this paper. Based on these models, parametric studies will be conducted in the future to validate design concepts.
Experimental Investigations on load‐bearing Capacity and characteristic Preload of Lockstud Systems
Authors: Meyer Melanie Hagemann née , Schwarz Mathias , Glienke Ralf , Schwerdt Daniela , Henkel Knuth‐Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe joining technology Lockstud System combines the advantages of a bolt thread for making a tapped thread joint and the advantages of a lockbolt. On the tapped thread joining side, the bolt has a metric ISO thread. On the assembly side, the bolt has a grooved geometry like lockbolts of type A, B and C. This article publishes results on the mechanical‐technological properties, the assembly process with the initial preload, the preload losses due to embedding under long period of time and the load‐bearing capacity subjected to static and fatigue normal stress for Lockstud systems of nominal diameters M12, M16 and M20 (strength grade 10.9) compared to conventional bolt assemblies and lockbolt systems.
New fire resistance design approach for concrete‐filled cold‐formed steel (CF‐CFS) built‐up composite column
Authors: Rahnavard Rohola , Craveiro Hélder D. , Simões Rui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrior research investigated the fire resistance prediction of the concrete‐filled cold‐formed steel (CF‐CFS) built‐up columns when subjected to axial compression and high temperatures. However, a complex heat transfer analysis is needed to calculate the temperature development of the steel and concrete components of the composite cross‐section to predict the fire resistance of a composite column, as provided in EN1994‐1‐2. In order to estimate equivalent temperatures for the steel and concrete used in CF‐CFS built‐up column sections, this research provides a series of empirical formulae. A two‐dimensional heat transfer analysis calibrates a finite element model to estimate temperature across the CF‐CFS built‐up column sections. The concrete infill was simplified by separating into an inner and outer core. The empirical formulas' accuracy was assessed by comparing them with 2D heat transfer analysis results. Finally, the fire resistance of a CF‐CFS column was obtained using numerical simulation and compared with the analytical prediction following EN 1994‐1‐2 incorporated with the current empirical formulation. The results showed a high accuracy of the empirical formulation to determine the equivalent temperatures of the steel and concrete core components.
Buckling resistance of angle bracing members with one‐leg bolted end connections
Authors: Antonodimitraki Sofia , Bezas Marios‐Zois , Demonceau Jean‐ François , Vayas Ioannis , Maesschalck Jan , Anwaar Muhammad‐Omer , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSteel angle members are widely used for the construction of lattice towers, mainly because of easy assembly on site and compact transport. Bracing members, especially, are connected directly or through gusset plates to the adjacent members with one or more bolts on one leg only. This type of connection provides some rotational restraint at the ends of the bracing, but also induces eccentricities. This paper presents the European normative framework covering the design against buckling of angle bracing members in lattice towers and identifies the differences between the different design rules available in existing normative documents. These differences are quantified through worked examples and the normative design procedures are evaluated against experimental results from the literature. The influence on the buckling resistance of various parameters, such as the support conditions and the steel grade, covering members made of both conventional mild steel as well as high strength (S460) steel, is also studied and quantified. Finally, useful conclusions are drawn about the accuracy of the available design rules.
Development of an automated quality assurance approach for welded joints
Authors: Dänekas Christian , Schaumann Peter , Ghafoori Elyas , Heikebrügge Steffen , Heide Klaas Maximilian , Breidenstein Bernd 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA more economical and resource‐saving construction of offshore wind energy converters is necessary in order to achieve climate policy objectives. Automated quality assurance of welded joints offers a great potential to enable less conservative manufacturing of the support structures. The main objective of this study is to find a correlation between the parameters that describe the weld geometry and the fatigue life. Butt welded specimens were scanned with a laser line sensor. The weld seam parameters including notch radius and flank angle were evaluated and the stress concentration factors in the notch were determined considering the microstructural support effect. A series of constant amplitude fatigue tests was conducted in order to evaluate S‐N‐curves according to nominal stress approach and notch stress approach. The fatigue results show a good correlation between notch stresses and fatigue life, demonstrating the great potential of the quality assurance approach for evaluating the weld seam geometries.
Orthotropic composite slabs for road bridges
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Wisnewski Joachim , Mansperger Tobias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge increases in traffic loads led to extensive fatigue damages to existing orthotropic steel deck slabs of road bridges. Reinforced concrete bridges and conventional composite bridges are less susceptible to fatigue but considerably heavier. The ortho‐composite slab is a lightweight and robust alternative construction method, which retains the advantages of the previously mentioned construction methods, but eliminates their disadvantages. Within the framework of the AiF‐FOSTA research project P1265 [1], the construction of the bridge deck was developed using dowel strips as composite elements with high load‐bearing capacity and fatigue resistance. The principle of area composite with loading of the dowel strips in longitudinal and transverse direction was used. Extensive experimental and structural mechanics studies were conducted, particularly investigating the load‐bearing capacity and fatigue strength of the ortho‐composite slab under local load application. The following article describes the load‐bearing structure of the ortho‐composite slab and the motivation for the research project P1265. It gives an overview of the experimental investigations carried out. Finally, the article presents pilot projects that were carried out to apply the construction method. In further articles on Eurosteel, the experimental investigations and structural‐mechanical calculations are described in more detail (see [2] and [3]).
Fatigue strength of the joint of steel cantilevers in composite bridges
Authors: Erlemann Raphael , Kraus Josef Karl , Geissler Karsten 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBox girders with steel cantilevers underneath the deck are frequently used in the design of composite steel bridges. Hereby, the welded joints between the main girder and the transverse system have to endure fatigue loads. Current design specifications for this joint, e.g., a tapering in thickness of the top flanges at the same position of a transition radius, are complex to manufacture and provide a higher fatigue resistance than necessary. This article addresses the optimization of this structural detail, which is realized hundreds of times per structure. Several laboratory tests and numerical simulations were carried out regarding the load‐bearing behavior and the fatigue safety of the cantilevers as double‐T‐sections and as box girders. Additionally, 60 fatigue tests were conducted on small‐scale specimen to classify the resulting simplified design variants in detail categories of the nominal stress concept. As a result, two design recommendations are proposed for the joint at the intersecting top flanges. Moreover, the effect of an unplanned axial misalignment on the fatigue strength of the joint at the bottom flange is quantified.
Partially sleeved joints between hollow sections using self‐drilling screws.
Authors: López‐Colina Carlos , García Ismael , Serrano Miguel A. , Picallo Diego G. , Vigón Paula 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present piece of research studies partial sleeve joints between similar rectangular tubes, involving bolts under shear as joining means. These are connections between two rectangular hollow sections that can be fitted one in another just by adequately cutting some faces and then bolting. For these elements, the use of self‐drilling screws is evaluated here. These connections could be removable and reusable in some cases, providing more sustainability. They also present semi‐rigid behaviour, which leads to weight saving structures and makes them ideal in many situations for structures like greenhouses or other light portal frames.The structural joints following this typology can be planned as beam‐column, ridge, or even column‐base plate joints. This paper is focused on the initial experimental results of the first two cases under bending moments, comparing them with some simplified analytical assumptions for the strength and the stiffness. These calculations are based on eccentric bolted connections with in‐plane moments but considering some particularities of these joints and joining means (self‐drilling screws).
Life‐Cycle‐Assessment of purlin systems: the influence of the low carbon high strength steels in CO2eq. emissions
Authors: de Paula Filho José Humberto , Guimarães Leonardo , Guth Jérôme , Marioni Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to the decarbonization of the energy sector, embodied carbon has been recognized as the dominant climate impact driver. In response, countries are currently accelerating their efforts to comply with climate change commitments and regulations, pressure grows for the construction sector to reduce its impact rapidly.In the present paper, the life cycle assessments (LCA) of purlin roof systems, used as secondary structural elements on single‐story industrial buildings, are compared. Three structural materials are considered: metallic‐coated structural steel, reinforced concrete, and structural timber. In addition, different steel grades are compared to highlight the environmental benefits of using high‐strength steels (HSS) allowing weight‐optimized design.The LCA focuses on the product stage (modules A1‐A3), transport (module A4), end‐of‐life (module C), and the benefits and loads beyond the system boundary (module D). The life cycle inventory (LCI) is composed of construction environmental product declarations (EPD) published according to EN 15804. All the LCA evaluations are performed using the commercial software One Click LCA following the recommendations of EN 15978.
Investigations on the historical Széchenyi chain bridge
Authors: Kövesdi Balázs , Kollár Dénes , Szabó Bence , Dunai László 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Széchenyi chain bridge is an almost 170‐year‐old historical structure located in the downtown of Budapest, which has been reconstructed between 2020‐2022. The chain system of the bridge is more than 100 years old, and the rotational capacity of the pins is questionable due to corrosion and friction. This phenomenon significantly influences the static behavior of the chain elements and the entire suspending system. Therefore, connected to the renewal process, the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Structural Engineering investigated the rotational capacity of the pins of the chain elements, and the corrosion grade of the chain bars. To investigate these two issues, three on‐site measurements are executed: (i) loading test to measure the bending moments in the chains and checking the rotation of the pins, (ii) one‐year‐long monitoring system operating during the renewal process and checking the internal force distribution of the structure during the reconstruction phases, and (iii) corrosion measurements on the chain bars. The paper introduces the measurement results, the main conclusions, and their practical application possibilities in the renewal process.
Load carrying capacity of star‐battened angle members made of S460 steel in compression
Authors: Bezas Marios‐Zois , Antonodimitraki Sofia , Beyer Andre , Anwaar Muhammad‐Omer , Maesschalck Jan , Jaspart Jean‐Pierre , Demonceau Jean‐François 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLattice towers are extensively built in Europe and worldwide to serve power transmission purposes. Their members mainly consist of single angle profiles, while built‐up sections, such as star‐battened ones, are usually preferred for the strengthening of individual members or in case of very high compression loads. Recent upwards developments of the power grid requests also lead to the need to use high strength steels (HSS) for the design and construction of higher and heavier loaded steel lattice transmission towers. Within the present paper, investigations conducted on the bearing capacity of a star‐battened member made of two S460 L250×250×28 angles are presented, even if the conclusions may be extended to any angle size and steel grade.Firstly, a critical review of the current European normative documents (EN 50341, EN1993‐1‐3, prEN1993‐3) is made and the buckling resistance of the above‐mentioned member is evaluated. Secondly, the results of an experimental compression test performed on the studied member are presented; these results are complemented by a full non‐linear finite element numerical simulation. All the obtained results are finally compared and discussed.
Numerical studies on the torsional behavior of octagonal concrete‐filled linked double steel tubes
Authors: Sulthana Mashudha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe concrete confinement is improved in octagonal concrete‐filled double steel tubular (OCFLDST) columns by linking the steel tubes with steel plates and thereby it enhances ductility. It has the potential to improve the torsional resistance in concrete‐filled steel tubular cross‐sections. This paper investigates the torsional behavior of OCFLDST through analytical and numerical investigations. The numerical model for OCFLDST is developed in ABAQUS and validated using test data available in the literature for axial loading conditions. The validated model is then subjected to pure torsion to study the torsional behavior of OCFLDST. In comparison with bare steel tubes, concrete filling of linked steel tubes has increased the torsional resistance by 33%. Further, parametric studies are conducted to understand the influence of various parameters like yield strength and thickness of the outer steel tube, compressive strength of concrete, the thickness of the linking plates, and axial load ratio. The numerical results are compared with the proposed expression for finding the torsional capacity based on St. Venant's torsion theory. The proposed capacity prediction is in good agreement with the numerical results.
Experimental evaluation of the load‐bearing capacity of steel‐reinforced CFST stub columns under a fire scenario
Authors: Medall David , Ibáñez Carmen , Espinós Ana , Romero Manuel L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComposite construction is becoming increasingly used across the world, since it enables to exploit the benefits of steel and concrete working together, leading to cost‐effective solutions. Recent technological developments have facilitated the introduction of new typologies, which combined with the use of high performance materials allow for significant load‐bearing capacities with reduced cross‐sectional dimensions. One of these innovative composite sections are the so‐called steel‐reinforced concrete‐filled steel tubular (SR‐CFST) columns, where an open steel profile is embedded into a CFST section. Apart from the broadly recognized benefits of these typologies at room temperature, they show an enhanced fire performance due to the inherent fire protection offered by the surrounding concrete to the inner steel profile, which delays its loss of mechanical capacity at elevated temperatures. However, the experimental evidence on the fire behaviour of SR‐CFST columns is still scarce, being much needed for the development of specific design provisions that consider the use of the inner steel profile in CFST columns.In this paper, a new testing program on the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of SR‐CFST columns is presented to extend the available experimental database. A cylindrical electric furnace attached to a loading rig equipped with a 5000 kN hydraulic jack is used. In total six SR‐CFST stub columns are tested, three circular and three square sections, combining high strength steel and concrete.
Plate and stiffener buckling in transversely loaded steel panels
Authors: Kleppe Svein‐Rune , Aalberg Arne 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStiffened plates may be loaded by axial forces in two directions, i.e., along and transverse to the stiffeners, by in‐plane shear force, and by out‐of‐plane loads as from traffic or water pressure. Special care must be taken for buckling effects caused by the compressive in‐plane forces.The buckling behaviour of plates stiffened with four trapezoidal stiffeners was investigated for the case of compressive axial force directed transverse to the stiffener direction. The width and length of the stiffened plate and the ratio between the plate‐ and stiffener stiffnesses were varied. The investigation aimed to determine criteria to ensure that the dominating buckling mode was either buckling of the plate between the stiffeners, or a predictable buckling pattern of the stiffeners. For this, two formulas are presented, giving the necessary plate‐to‐stiffener stiffness ratio or the maximum length of the panel. Furthermore, capacity approaches for the axial resistance for transverse axial loading are studied, applying the Effective Width Method (EWM) and the Reduced Stress Method (RSM). Comparisons with nonlinear FE‐simulations show that the predictions range from 45% to 99% of the FE‐results.
Revision of the standard EN 1993‐1‐11 and background information
Authors: Friedrich Heinz , Misiek Thomas , Pedro José Oliveira , Ruff Daniel C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of the development of the second generation of Eurocode 3, Part 1‐11, related to the design of steel tension components, was completely revised.This paper introduces the main developments in the prEN 1993‐1‐11:2023 regarding the basis of design for the three groups of tension components: A ‐ Rods, B ‐ Ropes, and C ‐ Parallel strand or wire systems. For each of the three groups, complete information on the “Material”, “Ultimate limit state” (including fatigue) and “Serviceability limit state” requirements are provided. Improved formulas for the design of saddles and clamps are presented, including new saddle solutions for group C. Reference is made to the new group D ‐ Parallel wire tension components for suspended structures, included in new Annex C. Annex A “Product requirements for tension components” was completely revised to reflect modern testing requirements. Informative Annex B has been also updated with new figures that reflect the state of the art in tension elements and terminations.
Statistical evaluation of the influence of manufacturing tolerances on the flexural cyclic behavior of I‐shaped hot rolled steel beams
Authors: Eshaghi Cyrus , Mohabeddine Anis , de Barros Rui Carneiro , Romão Xavier , Castro José Miguel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of manufacturing tolerances on the cyclic behavior of steel beams with European I‐shaped profiles. It also explores the applicability of machine learning methods in predicting this behavior. Previous research has focused on nominal sections, overlooking the effects of dimensional tolerances specified in the EN10034 standard. Through advanced finite element modeling, the study evaluates the influence of geometrical variability on the strength and deformation capacity of steel beams under cyclic flexural loading. A parametric study with Latin Hypercube sampling generated two thousand samples of various profiles and lengths, revealing that dimensional tolerances can lead to variation in overstrength ratio or reduced ductility. Finally, the paper assesses the accuracy of several machine learning models in predicting moment and rotation capacity, including nonlinear and linear regression analysis, neural network, decision tree, and random forest.
The effect of temperature actions on single‐sided fillet welds in small‐sized box girders of bridges
Authors: Ltaief Malik , Mensinger Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of small‐sized box girders has shown to bring numerous benefits in the design of bridges with short to medium spans. Therefore, it has become an established construction method in Germany. However, the beams are not accessible for inspection due to their small size, requiring the girder to be welded airtight. The limited accessibility also has consequences on the manufacturing process. Two of the four longitudinal fillet welds can only be executed from outside resulting in single‐sided fillet welds. As a result of the airtight construction, temperature actions lead to fluctuation of the internal pressure of the box. The single‐sided fillet welds are consequently subjected to unscheduled bending stress, which has an unclear impact on the weld. Subject of the research project, presented in this paper, is the influence of this unscheduled load case on the load‐bearing capacity of the girder. To quantify the temperature which leads to changes of the internal pressure, numerical studies based on meteorological data are performed. The load‐bearing behavior of single‐sided fillet welds is investigated in experiments. It can be shown that the load‐bearing capacity is underestimated by simplified calculation methods.