bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dark Triad Traits and Mating Psychology
Authors: Jonason Peter K. , Burtăverde Vlad 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A common misconception among researchers and laypeople is that socially undesirable traits (e.g., aggressiveness) cannot be evolutionarily important and instead must be pathologies. The assumption is that if we—as a society—disapprove of certain behaviors, attitudes, and cognitions, these “pathologies” are then likely to be discouraged, minimized, and eradicated. Further, it is assumed that these undesirable features cannot simultaneously have some desirable or evolutionarily important functions. One potential example of this is found in the research on the Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. These traits have a history of research and social perceptions that label them undesirable in etiology, function, and sequelae. In this chapter, we review the evidence and logic of how these traits might be pseudopathologies, or adaptations (i.e., historically increased reproductive fitness of their bearers), while still recognizing that having these traits may come with associated costs to the individual and those around them. We present the argument for these traits as “fast” life history strategies and then detail the mating psychology linked to them. We close with a consideration of conceptual and methodological limitations and suggestions for future research to guide and encourage researchers.
Understanding Women’s Estrus and Extended Sexuality
Authors: Gangestad Steven W. , Dinh Tran , Lesko Lauren , Haselton Martie G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Women are sexually active throughout their ovarian cycles and yet sex can lead to conception only a modest proportion of the cycle. Hence, whereas some of the time, women’s sex is conceptive, at other timepoints, it is nonconceptive. Most mammalian females, by contrast, are sexually active only when sex can lead to conception. Women’s nonconceptive sexual proceptivity and receptivity evolved for functions other than conception itself. Form follows function. The dual sexuality framework, then, proposes that women’s sexuality during phases of the cycle when conception is possible differs from their sexuality during phases when conception is not possible. This perspective puts theoretical constraints on the ways that conceptive and nonconceptive sexuality can be understood. Within these constraints, multiple, contrasting psychological designs are possible. Research that assesses alternative possible psychological designs promises to enhance our understanding of human mating in ways that extend far beyond the domain of women’s phase-specific sexuality.
Value Formations through Digital Gaming
Authors: Grieve Gregory Price , Radde-Antweiler Kerstin , Zeiler Xenia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Gaming is filled with good, evil, and other moral issues that many studies assume are interpreted by players as religious. It generates curiosity as in all the studies about video gaming and religion, for most players, in-game religious imagery and narratives usually do not seem to matter. If not as religion, how should scholars of digital media theorize these elements? The authors argue that a more accurate concept is value formations. Using the performance of music in Lord of the Rings Online (LOTRO) as a case study, the authors define value as a second-order category that theorizes what actors find worthy or unworthy, and value formations as the collections and systematization of interdependent and entangled values. The authors approach value formations as contextualized social constructions and are not arguing for any type of normative preexisting good, beautiful, or typical (or bad, ugly, or deviant).
Posthumanism and Digital Religion
Authors: Krüger Oliver 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, ideas of posthumanism and transhumanism have been popularized by novels, TV series, and Hollywood movies. According to this radical perspective, humankind and all biological life have become obsolete. Traditional forms of life are inefficient at processing information and inept at crossing the high frontier: outer space. While humankind can expect to be replaced by their own artificial progeny, posthumanists assume that they will become an immortal part of a transcendent superintelligence that will be realized by the so-called singularity. In contrast to the main focus of digital religion studies, the analysis of posthumanism aims not to examine the actual use of media in a specific religious context but the interpretations of media that posthumanists expect to come. By considering the history and the larger cultural context of posthumanism, the close entanglement between religion, technology, and science from the 19th to the 21st centuries can be illuminated.
Intersectionality of Gender and Sexuality in African Cultures
Authors: Mkhize Gabi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter applies an intersectional feminist lens to unpack a social perspective on the role played by gender and sexuality in African cultures. Placing heterosexual dominance and heteropatriarchal sexual desire at the center of African cultures, the chapter reveals complex interlocking forms of gender and sexual oppression and privileges. This chapter presents some examples of African cultures, and exhibits a radical form of cultural resistance against the gendered African cultural systems that dictate heterosexuality and patriarchy as cultural and social norms. Using secondary data as a part of qualitative research, the chapter applies a textual and narrative analysis from various sources, broader epistemologies, and experience-centered observations to understand the intersectionality of gender and sexuality in African cultures, including the meanings attached to the social and cultural construction and socialization of gender and sexuality. The chapter also applies intersectionality theoretical thinking based on feminist and sociological perspectives to unpack how the intersectionality of gender and sexuality is part of African cultures.
The Historical Political Economy of Political Parties
Authors: Jenkins Jeffery A. , Kam Christopher 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Classical theorists disapproved of political parties, but over time parties proved to be indispensable elements of representative democracy. This chapter explores how and why parties emerged, and in doing so highlights three important revolutions in the historical development of political parties: an intellectual revolution, a legislative revolution, and an electoral revolution. Once parties became viable enterprises intellectually—that is, accepted as legitimate vehicles of constitutional opposition—ambitious politicians saw them as solutions to various problems that arose over time in conducting legislative business and contesting mass elections. Our focus is primarily on the world’s two oldest party systems—in the United Kingdom and United States—but we also discuss the French and German systems.
Market and Government Provision of Safety Nets and Social Welfare Spending in Historical Political Economy
Authors: Fishback Price 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The safety nets in high-income countries before 1900 and in low-income countries today were based on savings and aid from extended family, friends, charities, churches, and small amounts from local governments. Mutual societies and eventually insurance companies offered insurance against lost earnings from sickness, injury, death, and old age. Germany led the way in mandating that employers provide benefits. Since 1900, higher-income nations have sharply increased public and private social welfare expenditures to well over 20 percent relative to GDP. A large share of this rise has come in increases in aid to the elderly and healthcare expenses, often in the form of contributory social insurance financed by payroll taxes on workers and employers. Meanwhile, noncontributory transfer programs for the poor have risen relatively little. In most countries, the employer’s share of payroll taxes is higher than the worker’s share. Some major countries have followed a path of reliance on private programs, which are largely financed by employers. Probably the most striking feature of social welfare programs worldwide is the very large variation in expenditures relative to GDP, in the categories of spending, and in the mix of taxation, private programs, and government programs.
Historical Persistence
Authors: Acharya Avidit , Blackwell Matthew , Sen Maya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Historical persistence refers to the idea that historical causes can have effects that persist long into the future. This chapter provides an overview of the literature on historical persistence, focusing on key substantive themes. It lays out a discussion of the theories behind historical persistence. It also considers some methodological issues that emerge in establishing causality and interpreting the empirical findings of the literature. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of how the persistence literature could now benefit from a reorientation that seeks to answer the main open question in the literature: under what conditions does historical persistence take place, and under what conditions does it not?
The Relationship Between Marketing and Fundraising for Arts and Cultural Organizations
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Ha Kyoungnam , Kim Youngseon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the relationship between marketing and fundraising to extend our understanding of this topic and suggest future research directions. Arts and cultural organizations (ACOs) have adopted marketing concepts to enhance their financial viability and organizational performance. Fundraising is an essential part of the activities of ACOs, and understanding the role of marketing in fundraising is vital for practitioners and scholars. It is assumed that marketing plays a crucial role in helping with fundraising outcomes; however, research examining the relationship between marketing and fundraising has been scant. This chapter finds that ACOs have practiced marketing as a task-specific function rather than a holistic strategy, and that a marketing orientation and relationship marketing have been employed for fundraising. Based on these extensive research findings, the analysis suggests ways to take advantage of relationship marketing to emphasize donor retention and diversify the donor base. Finally, the conclusion proposes future research to investigate the effects of marketing strategies on fundraising performance.
A Social Value Judgment Model of Corporate Governance in Performing Arts Organizations
Authors: Suddaby Roy , Sherer Peter , Coraiola Diego , Schwonik Karl 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter theorizes the importance of social value judgments as a primary framework for understanding effective governance in performing arts organizations. Social value judgments are assessments of worth or value based on a specific set of assumptions contained within the value system that defines the status order in a given community. Status, reputation, legitimacy, and authenticity are each different categories of social value judgments. Prior theoretical approaches to corporate governance—agency theory, resource dependence theory, stakeholder theory, and institutional theory—show how governance practices in arts organizations help signal economic accountability through legitimacy. However, these theories fail to show how arts organizations signal artistic excellence through authenticity. The article reviews prior research on governance practices and strategic decision-making in performing arts organizations through the lens of social value judgment theory and offer a set of summary propositions that demonstrate the importance of adopting governance practices that effectively manage the essential tension between conflicting demands of legitimacy and authenticity.
Photosynthetic-Product–Dependent Activation of Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase and Nitrate Uptake inArabidopsisLeaves
Authors: Kinoshita Satoru N , Suzuki Takamasa , Kiba Takatoshi , Sakakibara Hitoshi , Kinoshita Toshinori 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPlasma membrane (PM) proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (H+-ATPase) is a pivotal enzyme for plant growth and development that acts as a primary transporter and is activated by phosphorylation of the penultimate residue, threonine, at the C-terminus. Small Auxin-Up RNA family proteins maintain the phosphorylation level via inhibiting dephosphorylation of the residue by protein phosphatase 2C-D clade. Photosynthetically active radiation activates PM H+-ATPase via phosphorylation in mesophyll cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, and phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase depends on photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related sugar supplementation, such as sucrose, fructose and glucose. However, the molecular mechanism and physiological role of photosynthesis-dependent PM H+-ATPase activation are still unknown. Analysis using sugar analogs, such as palatinose, turanose and 2-deoxy glucose, revealed that sucrose metabolites and products of glycolysis such as pyruvate induce phosphorylation of PM H+-ATPase. Transcriptome analysis showed that the novel isoform of the Small Auxin-Up RNA genes, SAUR30, is upregulated in a light- and sucrose-dependent manner. Time-course analyses of sucrose supplementation showed that the phosphorylation level of PM H+-ATPase increased within 10 min, but the expression level of SAUR30 increased later than 10 min. The results suggest that two temporal regulations may participate in the regulation of PM H+-ATPase. Interestingly, a 15NO3− uptake assay in leaves showed that light increases 15NO3− uptake and that increment of 15NO3− uptake depends on PM H+-ATPase activity. The results opened the possibility of the physiological role of photosynthesis-dependent PM H+-ATPase activation in the uptake of NO3−. We speculate that PM H+-ATPase may connect photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in leaves.
Formalizing tenure of Indigenous lands improved forest outcomes in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil
Authors: Benzeev Rayna , Zhang Sam , Rauber Marcelo Artur , Vance Eric A , Newton Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Across the globe, the legal land rights and tenure of many Indigenous peoples are yet to be recognized. A growing body of research demonstrates that tenure of Indigenous lands improves livelihoods and protects forests in addition to inherently recognizing human rights. However, the effect of tenure on environmental outcomes has scarcely been tested in regions with high development pressure, such as those with persisting forest–agriculture conflicts. In this paper, we conduct an event study and a difference-in-differences analysis to estimate the average treatment effect of land tenure on forest cover change for 129 Indigenous lands in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil from 1985 to 2019. We found that forest outcomes in Indigenous lands improved following tenure compared to pretenure and that forest outcomes improved in tenured compared to nontenured lands. We also found that formalized tenure, rather than incomplete tenure, was necessary to improve forest outcomes. Our study is the first rigorous analysis of the effect of tenure on Indigenous lands in the globally important Atlantic Forest biome and contributes to a growing body of literature on the role of rights-based approaches to conservation. The evidence presented in this study may support efforts to secure the legal rights and autonomy of Indigenous peoples.
Inhibition of Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection by cell-permeable macrocyclic peptides that bind type IV secretion effector Etf-1
Authors: Lin Mingqun , Koley Amritendu , Zhang Wenqing , Pei Dehua , Rikihisa Yasuko 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that infects monocytes and macrophages, and causes human monocytic ehrlichiosis, an emerging life-threatening infectious disease. Ehrlichia translocated factor-1 (Etf-1), a type IV secretion system effector, is essential for Ehrlichia infection of host cells. Etf-1 translocates to mitochondria to block host apoptosis; furthermore, it can bind Beclin 1 (ATG6) to induce cellular autophagy and localize to E. chaffeensis-inclusion membrane to obtain host-cell cytoplasmic nutrients. In this study, we screened a synthetic library of over 320,000 cell-permeable macrocyclic peptides, which consist of an ensemble of random peptide sequences in the first ring and a small family of cell-penetrating peptides in the second ring, for Etf-1 binding. Library screening followed by hit optimization identified multiple Etf-1-binding peptides (with KD values of 1–10 μM) that efficiently enter the cytosol of mammalian cells. Peptides B7, C8, B7-131-5, B7-133-3, and B7-133-8 significantly inhibited Ehrlichia infection of THP-1 cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that peptide B7 and its derivatives inhibited the binding of Etf-1 to Beclin 1, and Etf-1 localization to E. chaffeensis-inclusion membranes, but not Etf-1 localization to the mitochondria. Our results not only affirm the critical role of Etf-1 functions in E. chaffeensis infection, but also demonstrate the feasibility of developing macrocyclic peptides as powerful chemical probes and potential treatment of diseases caused by Ehrlichia and other intracellular pathogens.
Extracellular HSP90 promotes differentiation of lens epithelial cells to fiber cells by activating LRP1‐YAP‐PROX1 axis
Authors: Li Jing , Yu Jingjing , Huang Weikang , Sang Fan , Li Junmin , Ren Yanzhu , Huang Huili , Wang Mingli , Li Kejia , Zhang Jun , Li Hui , Cui Xiukun , Zhang Jing , Hu Mengyue , Yuan Fengling , Guo Weikai , Zhang Fengyan , Mu Hongmei , Hu Yanzhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCapsular residual lens epithelial cells (CRLEC) undergo differentiation to fiber cells for lens regeneration or tansdifferentiation to myofibroblasts leading to posterior capsular opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. The underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Using human lens epithelial cell lines and the ex vivo cultured rat lens capsular bag model, we found that the lens epithelial cells secrete HSP90α extracellularly (eHSP90) through an autophagy‐associated pathway. Administration of recombinant GST‐HSP90α protein or its M‐domain induces the elongation of rat CRLEC cells with concomitant upregulation of the crucial fiber cell transcriptional factor PROX1and its downstream targets, β‐ and γ‐crystallins and structure proteins. This regulation is abolished by PROX1 siRNA. GST‐HSP90α upregulates PROX1 by binding to LRP1 and activating LRP1‐AKT mediated YAP degradation. The upregulation of GST‐HSP90α on PROX1 expression and CRLEC cell elongation is inhibited by LRP1 and AKT inhibitors, but activated by YAP‐1 inhibitor (VP). These data demonstrated that the capsular residue epithelial cells upregulate and secrete eHSP90α, which in turn drive the differentiation of lens epithelial cell to fiber cells. The recombinant HSP90α protein is a potential novel differentiation regulator during lens regeneration.
The road to pandemic recovery: Tracking COVID-19’s impact on cirrhosis care and outcomes among 111,558 Veterans
Authors: Adejumo Adeyinka C. , Yakovchenko Vera , Morgan Timothy R. , Spoutz Patrick , Chia Linda , Bajaj Jasmohan S. , Chang Michael F. , Dominitz Jason A. , Rogal Shari S. 
Published: January 2023

Background & Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate quarterly trends in process and health outcomes among Veterans with cirrhosis and assess the factors associated with cirrhosis outcomes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Approach & Results:
US Veterans with cirrhosis were identified using the Veterans Health Administration Corporate Data Warehouse. Quarterly measures were evaluated from September 30, 2018, through March 31, 2022, including twice yearly screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC-6), new HCC, surveillance for or treatment of esophageal varices, variceal bleeding, all-cause hospitalization, and mortality. Joinpoint analyses were used to assess the changes in trends over time. Logistic regression models were used to identify the demographic and medical factors associated with each outcome over time. Among 111,558 Veterans with cirrhosis with a mean Model for End-stage Liver Disease-Sodium of 11±5, rates of HCC-6 sharply declined from a prepandemic peak of 41%, to a nadir of 28%, and rebounded to 36% by March 2022. All-cause mortality did not significantly change over the pandemic, but new HCC diagnosis, EVST, variceal bleeding, and all-cause hospitalization significantly declined over follow-up. Quarterly HCC diagnosis declined from 0.49% to 0.38%, EVST from 50% to 41%, variceal bleeding from 0.15% to 0.11%, and hospitalization from 9% to 5%. Rurality became newly, significantly associated with nonscreening over the pandemic (aOR for HCC−6=0.80, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.86; aOR for EVST=0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.997).

Conclusions:
The pandemic continues to impact cirrhosis care. Identifying populations at the highest risk of care disruptions may help to address ongoing areas of need.
The Gap in Insurance Liability for Blood and Research Gamma Irradiators
Authors: Kamen Jacob , Abraham Elana , Perricelli Duane , Price Sarah , Golduber Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In 2019, a federal contractor accidently breached a 2,900 Ci 137Cs sealed source while decommissioning it from a University of Washington research building, releasing a single digit curie of its contents. This event contaminated 13 people as well as all seven floors of the research building, which housed the radiation source. Estimates for clean-up costs and lost revenue exceeded $150 million. The magnitude of this cost prompted licensees in possession of such radioactive sources to question whether their insurance coverage is adequate to cover a large-scale incident and if coverage for such exposure even exists. In this article, we identify potential gaps in commercially available insurance policies by evaluating and assessing associated risks, damages, and accountability. While insurance can mitigate the expense associated with remediation, it is unlikely that sufficient limits would exist to fully protect healthcare institutions from direct financial liability in the event that their radioactive sources are implicated in a nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological (NCBR) (sometimes called CBRN in other literature) mass contamination event. This paper seeks to outline how the risks and liability to healthcare institutions having such gamma irradiators can be reduced significantly by removing them rather than seeking to insure against the cost of remediation in the event of a leak and/or mass contamination. As such, licensees are encouraged to check their policies for the correct coverage and make sure any coverage restriction is removed from their policies. In addition, licensees are also encouraged to explore financial incentives offered by the US government programs to not only dispose of their present gamma irradiator sources at no cost but also to provide financial support to replace them with alternative technologies.