bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maladaptation and moving from coastal hazards: A global comparison of retreat and relocation strategies
Authors: O'Neill Karen , Fenyk Heather , Caplan Shannon 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Because climate change is advancing quickly, existing institutions are pressed to change their aims and to take up adaptation efforts. This study analyzes the strategies institutions are using to retreat and relocate people and activities from coastal hazards. A basic principle in adaptation and sustainability is to avoid displacing harms over time and space. This is difficult for an institution built to sustain intensive uses of the coast or to work within the borders of a municipality or state. We collected coastal projects around the world and analyzed how their moving strategies were structured to manage conditions over time and space. Two problems with institutions stood out. First, sponsoring institutions provided funding or organizing support for some sites, but many of their largest projects were emergency retreats done only after people suffered disasters. Second, most institutions sponsored retreat-only projects that left individuals, households, and small enterprises to handle relocation on their own. The lack of support for moving across space also applies to people who organized their own retreats and relocations. In sorting moving strategies by type, we found three strategic purposes: to avoid harming the site after retreat, to avoid harming people who retreat, or to avoid harming the relocation sites (including harms to people already living or working there, harms to people who relocate there, and harms to a site’s environment). Moving strategies were structured to meet one or two of these strategic purposes, but none attempted all three. Moving may seem the safest approach for adapting to coastal hazards. But organizers should acknowledge whether a moving project will manage adaptation over time and across space and name the tasks they won’t manage.
New Therapies for Calf Diarrhea
Authors: Hunt Elaine , Argenzio Robert , Blikslager Anthony 
Published: February 2023

As we look to the turn of the century, many new theories and technologies are evolving to help us succeed in decreasing the onset of diarrheal disease or diminishing its impact on the neonatal bovine. This discussion will focus on many of these disease agents. The bovine practitioner must realize that definitive work on applied use of many of these factors (e.g. "field studies") is not yet under way. Existing products of which the authors are aware will be mentioned, but should not be interpreted as an endorsement. They are mentioned to provoke thought and provide information about potontial future therapies that may be used to bring further success in therapy and prevention of diarrheal disease.
We would first like to discuss agents that alter the ability of enteropathogens to colonize the gut or adhere to the gut through interference of mucosal binding. The second part of this paper will discuss our greater comprehension of new elements of oral rehydration solution (ORS) therapy. We will describe our efforts to manipulate these solutions to enhance net absorption of water and increase the healing of the damaged intestinal villus.
Development of a Model for Use in Pharmaceutical Trials
Authors: Fajt Virginia R. , Apley Michael D. , Brogden Kim A. , Skogerboe Terry 
Published: February 2023

The most common method for inducing pneumonicpasteurellosis in cattle for the study of therapeutic andimmunologic interventions is to instill fresh live culturesof Pasteurella haemolytica into the trachea, into mainstem bronchi, or into the thoracic cavity percutaneously(transthoracic). Evaluating therapeutic outcome may includecomparisons of clinical recovery, mortality, weightgain, or other response variables.
Our initial efforts to induce pneumonia in beef calves utilizing a model previously validated in neonatal dairy calves produced inconsistent results. In order to use the model in pharmacotherapeutic trials, disease must be reliably produced. We were interested in developing a model for induction of pneumonia in weaned beef calves (approximately 400 lbs.) so that differences in body temperature, lung consolidation and neutrophil function could be used to compare antimicrobial therapies.
Managing Acidosis in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Milton Todd 
Published: February 2023

The cattle feeding business in the United States has evolved to an intensively managed system using grains as the primary source of energy. Grain feeding is common throughout the cattle feeding regions of the United States because the cost per unit of energy is often cheaper with grain compared with other feedstuffs available for beef cattle. In addition, grains are easier to store, handle, process, mix and deliver in rations compared with bulky, lower energy forage type feedstuffs. Consumers also prefer the taste and flavor of grain-fed beef compared with other alternatives.
Acidosis is one of the most important nutritional disorders in feedlot cattle today and is caused by a rapid production and absorption of organic acids and endotoxins from the rumen when cattle over consume grain (starch) or sugar in a short period of time. Acidosis is an array of stresses and is not confined to a single symptom such as ruminal pH. The previous definition is a collective term for several associated facets and includes the effects of organic acid production, ruminal pH, salivary flow, rate of passage, starch fermentation, feed intake and others. Ruminal acidosis often leads to metabolic acidosis in feedlot cattle. Acidosis is difficult to measure and diagnose in feedlot cattle. Even in metabolism studies designed to measure the effects of acidosis, it is difficult to research because as ruminal pH declines, cattle adjust by decreasing feed intake and altering their consumption patterns to help diminish the deleterious effects of acidosis.
Acidosis is not one disorder, but a continuum of degrees. Effects of acidosis can be slight as a .25 lb/ day decrease in feed intake, or as severe as the death of an animal. Brent2 attributed founder, polioencephalomalcia (PEM) and ruminitis to acidosis in feedlot cattle. Sudden death syndrome, reduced feed intake, reduced absorption, liver abscesses, grain bloat and clostridial infections have been added to the list of acidosis related problems. Acidosis is not the only nutritional disorder that can occur in beef cattle fed high-grain diets, but may be a contributing factor to many of the diagnosed nutritional disorders that are currently observed in feedlot cattle. Many of the management recommendations that feedlot nutritionists make on a daily basis are to reduce the incidence and severity of acidosis. Because acidosis is not simply one disorder we generally separate acidosis into acute or subacute situations. The actual ruminal pH where subacute acidosis becomes acute is difficult to define and probably not very important. Additionally, the actual ruminal pH where an individual animal experiences subacute acidosis may be equally less important because of animal-to-animal variation.
Gastrointestinal Acidosis and Its Effect on Escherichia coli in Cattle
Authors: Russell James B. , Jarvis Graeme N. 
Published: February 2023

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of warm blooded animals, and most E. coli strains are harmless. However, gram-negative bacteria can release lipopolysaccharide complexes from their cell walls (including lipid A) when they lyse.14 These endotoxins can cause fever, and even death, but only if the bacterium migrates from the gut to the blood. Some strains of E. coli produce an enterotoxin that resembles cholera toxin, and this protein causes acute diarrhea even if the bacterium never crosses the intestinal epithelium.17
In 1982, an E. coli strain designated as O157:H7 was isolated from the bloody feces of people that had consumed contaminated hamburgers, and these strains produced toxins that could diffuse into intestinal cells.14,20 Genetic analyses of E. coli O157:H7 indicated that it carried two toxin genes that were homologous to the ones borne by Shigella.17 E.coli O157:H7 has a powerful hemolysin and an intestinal adherence factor known as Intimin.17 Humans that are infected with E. coli O157:H7 become acutely ill, but mature cattle are asymptomatic carriers.1,9
Ground beef has been a common source of E. coli O157:H7 infection, but fruits and vegetables have also caused outbreaks and illness.1 Fruits and vegetables are often fertilized with cattle manure, and beef can be contaminated with fresh manure at slaughter. Cattle have been suspected as being a primary source of E. coli O157:H7.9 However, it should be noted that other animals and wildlife can carry this bacterium.1 Early work indicated that only small numbers of cattle carried E. coli O157:H7,9 but sensitive detection methods that used immunomagnetic beads indicate that as 30% to 50% of the cattle may be infected.15,16
Hancock and his colleagues examined the effect of diet on E. coli O 15 7 :H7, but detection methods were insensitive and dietary correlations were either weak or inconsistent.9,11 Recent work indicated that grain feeding, a practice common in the cattle industry, can alter the physiology and survival of E.coli, but a brief period of hay feeding was able to counteract this potentially dangerous effect.
Plasma 3-methylindole and Blood 3-methyleneindolenine in Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Loneragan Guy H. , Morley Paul S. , Wagner John J. , Gould Daniel H. , Mason Gary S. , Yost Garold S. 
Published: February 2023

Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) results from an interaction of stressors, animal susceptibility and respiratory pathogens. Well known factors that increase the likelihood of BRD development include young animals, long transportation distances and dehydration. Rumen-generated toxins, such as 3-methylindole (3MI), may also be an important BRD-propagating factor.
Animals challenged with both bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and 3MI developed more severe respiratory disease than animals challenged with BRSV or 3MI alone.1 Further, animals with greater serum 3MI concentrations at feedlot arrival had greater odds of being treated for respiratory disease than animals with lower serum 3MI.2
3-methylindole must be metabolized to induce toxicity. Enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of 3MI are P450s and prostaglandin H synthetase (PHS).3,5 These enzymes are found in high concentrations in the bovine Clara cells. The putative pneumotoxic metabolite of3MI thought responsible for 3MI-induced disease is 3-methyleneindolenine (3MEIN).4 Pulmonary injury is prevented if bioactivation of 3MI is blocked.
Treatment of Oleander Poisoning with V285
Authors: Sakha Mehdi , Rezakhani Ali 
Published: February 2023

Poisoning with toxic plants, because of the high rate of mortality, has its own significance in veterinary medicine. Oleander (nerium oleander) one of the highly toxic plants, originally was a Mediterranean and Asian plant and now is widely distributed in the world. It grows rapidly, and consequently needs frequent pruning. All parts of oleander are toxic to animals and human beings, although it is said that the seeds are more toxic than the other parts. Most common manifestations of oleander poisoning are cardiac rhythm disturbances, arrhythmias or dysrhythmias. Cardiac glycosides, such as poison of oleander, are responsible for these signs and act pharmacodynamically similar to digitalis.
In this study, efficacy of V285 (vinegar) on calves experimentally poisoned with oleander was evaluated. This treatment has had good results in previous experimental studies.
Fertility Factors
Authors: Senger P. L. 
Published: February 2023

The goal of every dairy management team should be to maximize the efficiency of high producing dairy cows so that profitability will increase. The standards which define a high producing dairy cow will move upward as long as genetic progress continues to be made, management priority is placed on cow comfort and improving milk yield, nutrition is improved and new technology is developed and implemented.
The goal of this paper is to present a reasonable case that successful reproductive management in high producing cows can be realized best by focusing on the right factors; the ones that impact fertility the most. This paper will not provide specific programs or recommendations for improvements. These are available from numerous other sources and specific programs must be custom-designed for each herd.
Exploring resilience interactions and its driving forces in the land–water–biodiversity nexus at the watershed scale
Authors: Li Qingpu , Zhang Zhengdong , Li Cheng , Wan Luwen , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study took the Meijiang River Basin, China, as an example, to simulate the resilience interactions of three key subsystems of land, water and biodiversity from 2000 to 2015, using a spatially explicit model. Twelve environmental variables were selected from natural, landscape pattern and socioeconomic dimensions to detect the dominant factors of system resilience interactions using a geographic detector model. We found that the resilience of water yield, soil retention and biodiversity were mainly influenced by landscape pattern factors. Additionally, terrain is a main driver of soil retention resilience, precipitation plays a critical role influencing water yield resilience variations and biodiversity resilience variations remain stable influenced by landscape pattern. Larger synergy and loss occurred between water yield resilience and biodiversity resilience compared with other pairs of resilience, while greater tradeoffs occurred between soil retention resilience and biodiversity resilience. The interactions among landscape pattern, precipitation, terrain and GDP were the main driving forces of land and water resilience interactions. The interactions of landscape pattern and terrain were the main driving forces of land and biodiversity resilience interactions. The interactions of landscape pattern, precipitation and GDP were the main driving forces of water and biodiversity resilience interactions. Our study implied that improving habitat connectivity could maximize benefits.
Effect and Mechanism of Specnuezhenide on Chemotherapy-induced
Myelosuppression
Authors: Han Jiahong , Sun Nian , Xing Junjia , Fei Xuan , Cai Enbo , Su Fengyan 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of Specnuezhenide on
myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy and clarify its mechanism.

Methods:
In this study, we measured peripheral blood cells, thymus index, spleen index, bone marrow
nucleated cells (BMNCs), and the number of cell colonies counted in vitro by hematopoietic
progenitor cells (HPCs) to determine the effect of SPN on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced myelosuppression.
The alterations in the expression of relevant proteins, the cell cycle, and cytokines
associated with hematopoietic cells were examined to better understand how it works.

Results:
In the cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model, our study discovered that SPN can increase
the number of peripheral blood cells and BMNCs after treatment, increase the thymus index
and decrease the spleen index, and promote the proliferation and differentiation of HPCs. SPN can
improve the production of cultured colonies in vitro, reduce the level of hematopoietic factors in vivo,
regulate the proportion of G0/G1 phase cells, and promote the normal growth and development of
cells. SPN can increase the expression levels of key proteins MEK and p-ERK in the MAPK signaling
pathway, which may be one of the important mechanisms for improving myelosuppression.

Conclusion:
SPN can enhance the hematological and immunological functions of myelosuppressionmice,
and it is hypothesized that SPN is extremely helpful to the hematopoietic and immune
functions of tumor patients following chemotherapy. SPN might be used to treat myelosuppression.
Additionally, high doses of SPN have a stronger therapeutic effect than low levels of SPN.
New Psychoactive Substances, New Behaviours, New Drug-drug Interactions:
Pharmacology of a Slam Session
Authors: Victorri-Vigneau Caroline , Schreck Benoit , Istvan Marion , Guerlais Marylène , Laforgue Edouard-Jules , Gérardin Marie , Grall-Bronnec Marie , Aquizerate Aurélie 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Slamming has been increasing internationally for ten years, mostly among men who have
sex with men. Slamming consists of injecting psychostimulants (including new psychoactive substances-NPS) intravenously
to increase sexual performance.

Objective:
The objective of our work was to analyse drug-drug interactions related to slamming.

Methods:
Drawing upon a reported case of a slam session describing hour by hour the intake of substances, we performed
a drug-interaction analysis using international references and a comprehensive literature review. High doses
of sildenafil, GBL and 3-MMC were reported during the 40-hour session described. The specific drug-interaction
research was performed using 9 references and 65 of the 209 records identified in the literature review.

Results:
Pharmacological data regarding nonmedicated substances were scarce. Regarding pharmacodynamics, the
risk was high at the cardiovascular level and was related to the vasodilatation effect of sildenafil and the adrenergic
and serotoninergic properties of stimulants; this risk may increase with usual treatment (involving other vasodilators
or central depressants). Regarding pharmacokinetics, the major interactions concerned metabolism by CYP3A4 and
CYP2C9, leading to interactions, particularly with HIV medication.

Conclusion:
This innovative work provides pharmacological information on drugs that are commonly used in slamming,
allowing the development of effective medical-management protocols and the provision of risk-reduction
counselling.
Application and SARs of Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine as Antitumor Agents
Scaffold
Authors: Zhang Yadong , Wen Di , Shen Jiwei , Tian Lu , Zhu Yan , Zhang Jifang , Zhao Leyan , Ding Shi , Liu Ju , Chen Ye 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused heterocycles that have spawned many biologically active antitumor drugs and are important privileged structures for drug development. Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives have played an important role in the development of antitumor agents due to their structural diversity and good kinase inhibitory activity. In addition to their applications in traditional drug targets such as B-Raf, KDR, Lck, and Src kinase, some small molecule drugs with excellent activity against other kinases (Aurora, Trk, PI3K-γ, FLT-3, C-Met kinases, STING, TRPC) have emerged in recent years. Therefore, based on these antitumor drug targets, small mole-cule inhibitors containing pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffold and their structure-activity relation-ships are summarized and discussed to provide more reference value for the application of this par-ticular structure in antitumor drugs.
The Platelet Aggregation Inhibition Activity of Polyphenols can be Mediated
by 67kda Laminin Receptor: A New Therapeutic Strategy For the Treatment
of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Prakash Satya , Ghosh Amit , Nayek Arnab , Kiran Sheetal 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Thrombotic disease is still a major killer. Aspirin, Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel,
etc. are the most widely used conventional antiplatelet drugs. The significant number of patients
who are resistant to this drug shows a poor outcome.

Objective:
Developing a new antiplatelet agent with a stable antiplatelet effect and minimal
bleeding risk is required for a patient who is resistant to antiplatelet drugs.

Methods:
Protein-ligand docking was performed using Autodock Vina 1.1.2 to study the interaction of 67LR with different Polyphenols.

Results:
Among the 18 polyphenols, thearubigin has the highest binding affinity towards 67LR and
gallic acid shows the lowest binding affinity. Among the 18 molecules, the top 4 molecules from the
highest to lowest binding affinity range from-10.6 (thearubigin) to -6.5 (Epigallocatechin).

Conclusion:
Polyphenols may inhibit platelet aggregation through 67 LR and can be an alternative
treatment for Thrombotic Disease. Moreover, it will be interesting to know whether polyphenols
interfere with the same pathways as aspirin and clopidogrel. Effective polyphenols could help
prototype the compound development of novel antiplatelet agents.
Minireview on the Mechanism for the Production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
from Biomass
Authors: Zeng Yongjian , Jiang Zhiwei , Hu Di , Guo Ruichao , Yan Kai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The synthesis of fuels and fine chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass is the most widely envisioned approach toward the implementation of renewable feedstocks. Significant advances have been
made in the selective conversion of biomass-derived platform chemicals. This minireview mainly elucidates the mechanism of biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) synthesis, including the dehydration of carbohydrates via acyclic and cyclic mechanisms as well as the Maillard reactions. It also highlights the fundamental aspects of reaction mechanisms, recent progress, and challenges.
Efficacy of Herbal Supplementation of Purslane Freeze-dried Juice for
Weight Loss: An 8-week Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled
Clinical Trial
Authors: Tafti Mehdi Ajdary , Moein Mahmoodreza , Babajafari Siavash , Haem Elham , Zarshenas Mohammad M. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Obesity is a condition that has been linked to several ailments. The current
investigation is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical experiment to examine how
Portulaca oleracea L. tablets affect hunger and Body Mass Index (BMI).

Methods:
A total of 70 healthy people aged 18 - 65 years old with a BMI >25.0 kg/m² were chosen
for an 8-week study. They were randomized into two groups, herbal medicine and placebo.
Anthropometry, laboratory tests, and appetite assessment by questionnaire were performed at
baseline and the end of the study period. In the end, the data were analyzed.

Results:
There were significant differences in appetite and BMI (p<0.05) between the two groups
after 8 weeks. No serious adverse events occurred in the two groups, and herbal medicine was well
tolerated. Purslane juice was found to be well tolerated and could be effective in the reduction of
appetite and BMI, either in obese or overweight individuals, following 8 weeks of intervention.

Conclusion:
The trial indicated the effectiveness of this extract on appetite and BMI. However,
long-term investigations with larger populations are needed to determine the tolerability and permanent
effectiveness of this natural medicament.