bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Childhood and Adolescence With Adult Labor Market Marginalization
Authors: Alaie Iman , Svedberg Pia , Ropponen Annina , Narusyte Jurgita 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceMental health problems in early life are associated with labor market marginalization, especially in youths with persistent internalizing and externalizing problems. However, previous research has not adjusted for familial (genetic and shared environmental) factors.ObjectiveTo examine associations of early-life internalizing and externalizing problems with adulthood unemployment and work disability, adjusting for familial factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based prospective cohort study included Swedish twins who were born in 1985-1986 and surveyed at 4 consecutive waves across childhood and adolescence until 2005. Through linkage to nationwide registries, participants were followed up from 2006 to 2018. Data analyses were conducted between September 2022 and April 2023.ExposuresInternalizing and externalizing problems, assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist. Participants were differentiated regarding duration of internalizing and externalizing problems (persistent, episodic, and noncases).Main Outcomes and MeasuresUnemployment (180 days or more of being unemployed) and work disability (60 days or more of being sickness absent or disability pensioned) during follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression models were calculated to obtain cause-specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs in the whole cohort and exposure-discordant twin pairs.ResultsOf 2845 participants, 1464 (51.5%) were female. Incident unemployment was experienced by 944 (33.2%) and incident work disability by 522 (18.3%) participants. Compared with noncases, persistent internalizing problems were associated with unemployment (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.27-1.92) and work disability (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.80-2.99). Similarly, compared with noncases, persistent externalizing problems were associated with unemployment (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.55-2.26) and work disability (HR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.87-3.03). Persistent cases had overall higher risks of adverse outcomes than episodic cases. After adjustment for familial factors, associations with unemployment were no longer statistically significant, whereas associations with work disability remained or were only slightly reduced.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of young Swedish twins, familial factors explained the associations between early-life persistent internalizing and externalizing problems and unemployment; such factors were comparatively less important for the association with work disability. This suggests nonshared environmental factors may be important for the risk of future work disability among young individuals with persistent internalizing and externalizing problems.
Risk Factors for Progression and Toxic Effects After Preoperative Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Patients With Resected Brain Metastases
Authors: Prabhu Roshan S. , Akinyelu Tobi , Vaslow Zachary K. , Matsui Jennifer K. , Haghighi Neda , Dan Tu , Mishra Mark V. , Murphy Erin S. , Boyles Susan , Perlow Haley K. , Palmer Joshua D. , Udovicich Cristian , Patel Toral R. , Wardak Zabi , Woodworth Graeme F. , Ksendzovsky Alexander , Yang Kailin , Chao Samuel T. , Asher Anthony L. , Burri Stuart H. 
Published: June 2023

ImportancePreoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been demonstrated as a feasible alternative to postoperative SRS for resectable brain metastases (BMs) with potential benefits in adverse radiation effects (AREs) and meningeal disease (MD). However, mature large-cohort multicenter data are lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate preoperative SRS outcomes and prognostic factors from a large international multicenter cohort (Preoperative Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases–PROPS-BM).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis multicenter cohort study included patients with BMs from solid cancers, of which at least 1 lesion received preoperative SRS and a planned resection, from 8 institutions. Radiosurgery to synchronous intact BMs was allowed. Exclusion criteria included prior or planned whole-brain radiotherapy and no cranial imaging follow-up. Patients were treated between 2005 and 2021, with most treated between 2017 and 2021.ExposuresPreoperative SRS to a median dose to 15 Gy in 1 fraction or 24 Gy in 3 fractions delivered at a median (IQR) of 2 (1-4) days before resection.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end points were cavity local recurrence (LR), MD, ARE, overall survival (OS), and multivariable analysis of prognostic factors associated with these outcomes.ResultsThe study cohort included 404 patients (214 women [53%]; median [IQR] age, 60.6 [54.0-69.6] years) with 416 resected index lesions. The 2-year cavity LR rate was 13.7%. Systemic disease status, extent of resection, SRS fractionation, type of surgery (piecemeal vs en bloc), and primary tumor type were associated with cavity LR risk. The 2-year MD rate was 5.8%, with extent of resection, primary tumor type, and posterior fossa location being associated with MD risk. The 2-year any-grade ARE rate was 7.4%, with target margin expansion greater than 1 mm and melanoma primary being associated with ARE risk. Median OS was 17.2 months (95% CI, 14.1-21.3 months), with systemic disease status, extent of resection, and primary tumor type being the strongest prognostic factors associated with OS.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the rates of cavity LR, ARE, and MD after preoperative SRS were found to be notably low. Several tumor and treatment factors were identified that are associated with risk of cavity LR, ARE, MD, and OS after treatment with preoperative SRS. A phase 3 randomized clinical trial of preoperative vs postoperative SRS (NRG BN012) has began enrolling (NCT05438212).
Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Estimating Best-Corrected Visual Acuity From Fundus Photographs in Eyes With Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Paul William , Burlina Philippe , Mocharla Rohita , Joshi Neil , Li Zhuolin , Gu Sophie , Nanegrungsunk Onnisa , Lin Kira , Bressler Susan B. , Cai Cindy X. , Kong Jun , Liu T. Y. Alvin , Moini Hadi , Du Weiming , Amer Fouad , Chu Karen , Vitti Robert , Sepehrband Farshid , Bressler Neil M. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceBest-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is a measure used to manage diabetic macular edema (DME), sometimes suggesting development of DME or consideration of initiating, repeating, withholding, or resuming treatment with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor. Using artificial intelligence (AI) to estimate BCVA from fundus images could help clinicians manage DME by reducing the personnel needed for refraction, the time presently required for assessing BCVA, or even the number of office visits if imaged remotely.ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential application of AI techniques for estimating BCVA from fundus photographs with and without ancillary information.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsDeidentified color fundus images taken after dilation were used post hoc to train AI systems to perform regression from image to BCVA and to evaluate resultant estimation errors. Participants were patients enrolled in the VISTA randomized clinical trial through 148 weeks wherein the study eye was treated with aflibercept or laser. The data from study participants included macular images, clinical information, and BCVA scores by trained examiners following protocol refraction and VA measurement on Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts.Main OutcomesPrimary outcome was regression evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE); the secondary outcome included percentage of predictions within 10 letters, computed over the entire cohort as well as over subsets categorized by baseline BCVA, determined from baseline through the 148-week visit.ResultsAnalysis included 7185 macular color fundus images of the study and fellow eyes from 459 participants. Overall, the mean (SD) age was 62.2 (9.8) years, and 250 (54.5%) were male. The baseline BCVA score for the study eyes ranged from 73 to 24 letters (approximate Snellen equivalent 20/40 to 20/320). Using ResNet50 architecture, the MAE for the testing set (n = 641 images) was 9.66 (95% CI, 9.05-10.28); 33% of the values (95% CI, 30%-37%) were within 0 to 5 letters and 28% (95% CI, 25%-32%) within 6 to 10 letters. For BCVA of 100 letters or less but more than 80 letters (20/10 to 20/25, n = 161) and 80 letters or less but more than 55 letters (20/32 to 20/80, n = 309), the MAE was 8.84 letters (95% CI, 7.88-9.81) and 7.91 letters (95% CI, 7.28-8.53), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThis investigation suggests AI can estimate BCVA directly from fundus photographs in patients with DME, without refraction or subjective visual acuity measurements, often within 1 to 2 lines on an ETDRS chart, supporting this AI concept if additional improvements in estimates can be achieved.
Effects of task interruptions caused by notifications from communication applications on strain and performance
Authors: Ohly Sandra , Bastin Luca 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the effect of automatic communication notifications on performance and strain. Because of the benefits of communication, we expected this effect to be moderated by fear of missing out (FoMO) and social norms of responsiveness, expressed in the experience of telepressure.

Methods
A field experiment (N = 247) was conducted in which participants in the experimental group disabled their notification during 1 day (N = 124).

Results
The findings revealed that a reduction of notification-caused interruptions is beneficial for performance and reducing strain. The moderating of FoMO and telepressure was significant for performance.

Conclusions
Based on these findings, reducing the number of notifications is recommended, especially for employee’s low in FoMO and medium to high telepressure. Future work needs to analyze the role of anxiety impeding cognitive performance when notifications are disabled.
Engineered extracellular matrices facilitate brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Muñiz Ayşe J. , Topal Tuğba , Brooks Michael D. , Sze Angela , Kim Do Hoon , Jordahl Jacob , Nguyen Joe , Krebsbach Paul H. , Savelieff Masha G. , Feldman Eva L. , Lahann Joerg 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveBrain organoids are miniaturized in vitro brain models generated from pluripotent stem cells, which resemble full‐sized brain more closely than conventional two‐dimensional cell cultures. Although brain organoids mimic the human brain's cell‐to‐cell network interactions, they generally fail to faithfully recapitulate cell‐to‐matrix interactions. Here, an engineered framework, called an engineered extracellular matrix (EECM), was developed to provide support and cell‐to‐matrix interactions to developing brain organoids.MethodsWe generated brain organoids using EECMs comprised of human fibrillar fibronectin supported by a highly porous polymer scaffold. The resultant brain organoids were characterized by immunofluorescence microscopy, transcriptomics, and proteomics of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment.ResultsThe interstitial matrix‐mimicking EECM enhanced neurogenesis, glial maturation, and neuronal diversity from human embryonic stem cells versus conventional protein matrix (Matrigel). Additionally, EECMs supported long‐term culture, which promoted large‐volume organoids containing over 250 μL of CSF. Proteomics analysis of the CSF found it superseded previous brain organoids in protein diversity, as indicated by 280 proteins spanning 500 gene ontology pathways shared with adult CSF.InterpretationEngineered EECM matrices represent a major advancement in neural engineering as they have the potential to significantly enhance the structural, cellular, and functional diversity that can be achieved in advanced brain models.
Using the hands to learn about the brain: Testing action‐based instruction in brain anatomy
Authors: Parrill Fey , Shymanski Jeffrey J. , Cook Susan Wagner 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBrain anatomy is typically taught using static images. We asked participants to use their own hands to represent the brain and perform gestures during learning. We measured learning via a pretest/postest design. We compared five video trainings in which participants heard similar audio and repeated terminology aloud. Conditions were: (1) Image: Participants saw images of a physical model of the brain. (2) Physical model: Participants saw hands pointing to the physical model. (3) Physical model + action: Participants performed actions on the physical model. (4) Hand model: Participants saw images of hands being used to represent the brain. (5) Hand model + action: Participants performed gestures seen in the video. All trainings improved post‐test performance. Performance in the hand model condition was worse compared to conditions with action. We connect these findings to the larger claim that gesture benefits learning.
Aperture‐Adjustable and Repairable Metal‐Based MOFs Catalysis Membrane for Water Purification
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sun Yinkun , Yang Junjie , Sun Zhiyu , Zhao Yanxin , Li Xin , Wang Wei , Lu Dongwei , Ma Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrecise adjustment of the pore size, damage repair, and efficient cleaning is all challenges for the wider application of inorganic membranes. This study reports a simple strategy of combining dry‐wet spinning and electrosynthesis to fabricate stainless‐steel metal–organic framework composite membranes characterized by customizable pore sizes, targeted reparability, and high catalytic activity for membrane cleaning. The membrane pore size can be precisely customized in the range of 14–212 nm at nanoscale, and damaged membranes can be repaired by targeted treatment in 120 s. In addition, advanced oxidation processes can be used to quickly clean the membrane and achieve 98% flux recovery. The synergistic actions of the membrane matrix and the selective layer increase the adsorption energy of active sites to oxidant, shorten the electron transfer cycle, and enhance the overall catalytic performance. This study can provide a new direction for the development of advanced membranes for water purification and high‐efficiency membrane cleaning methods.
Structure of Na Species in Promoted CaO‐Based Sorbents and Their Effect on the Rate and Extent of the CO2 Uptake
Authors: Krödel Maximilian , Abduly Lorenz , Nadjafi Manouchehr , Kierzkowska Agnieszka , Yakimov Alexander , Bork Alexander H. , Donat Felix , Copéret Christophe , Abdala Paula M. , Müller Christoph R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo advance CaO‐based CO2 sorbents it is crucial to understand how their structural parameters control the cyclic CO2 uptake. Here, CaO‐based sorbents with varying ratios of Na2CO3:CaCO3 are synthesized via mechanochemical activation of a mixture of Na2CO3 and CaCO3 to investigate the effect of sodium species on the structure, morphology, carbonation rate and cyclic CO2 uptake of the CO2 sorbents. The addition of Na2CO3 in the range of 0.1–0.2 mol% improves the CO2 uptake by up to 80% after 10 cycles when compared to ball‐milled bare CaCO3, while for Na2CO3 loadings >0.3 mol% the cyclic CO2 uptake decreases by more than 40%. Energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and 23Na MAS NMR, reveal that in sorbents with Na2CO3 contents <0.3 mol% Na exists in highly distributed, noncrystalline [Na2Ca(CO3)2] units. These species stabilize the surface area of the sorbent in pores of diameters >100 nm, and enhance the diffusion of CO2 through CaCO3. For Na2CO3 contents >0.3 mol%, the accelerated deactivation of the sorbents via sintering is related to the formation of crystalline Na2Ca(CO3)2 and the high mobility of Na.
Monocyte Differentiation‐Surveilling Nano‐Shuttles for Activatable Targeted Inhibition of Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression
Authors: Fu Chenxing , Tao Ying , Chen Haoting , Li Minghui , Xiao Yafang , Yao Yuying , Ma Jing , Ning Xiaodong , Li Weirun , Zheng Jun , Dong Songbo , Chen Guoqin , Cao Feng , Ou Caiwen , Liu Lu , Guo Weisheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtherosclerosis can form intimal plaques in the arteries and undergo plaque rupture with followed stroke or myocardial infarction under certain pathological conditions. However, suboptimal intraplaque accumulation, along with severe off‐target effects, remain formidable obstacles for efficient pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis. A characteristic feature of the progression of atherosclerosis is the continuous recruitment of inflammatory monocytes that differentiate into foamy macrophages with the generation of legumain in the plaques. In this study, a bio‐activatable nano‐shuttle based on human serum albumin is conceived that contained curcumin to allow the precise inhibition of atherosclerosis progression. Following intravenous injection, the nano‐shuttles are almost exclusively engulfed by inflammatory monocytes in an efferocytosis‐mimetic manner and selectively co‐migrated with the monocytes towards the plaques. The nano‐shuttles are readily activated to release the initially arrested curcumin in response to the generation of legumain upon the differentiation of monocytes into foamy macrophages within the plaques. Treatment assessments on atheroprone apolipoprotein‐E‐deficient mice indicated that the nano‐shuttles substantially inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis by attenuating the plaque inflammation burden without any obvious adverse effects. The integration of highly selective accumulation and specific drug activation of the nano‐shuttles in plaques can arouse an advanced therapeutic strategy to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Versatile Self‐Assembled Hole Transport Monolayer Enables Facile Processing Organic Solar Cells over 18% Efficiency with Good Generality
Authors: Wang Wanhai , Lin Zhijie , Gao Shengzheng , Zhu Weiguo , Song Xin , Tang Weihua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSimplifying solution‐processing of bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) via efficient interfacial layers with good generality is in great demand for pushing their large‐scale applications. In this study, such a novel and cost‐effective self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) is reported herein as efficient hole transport layer (HTL) for high efficiency OSCs. The SAM‐structured 4‐(5,9‐dibromo‐7H‐dibenzo[c,g]carbazol‐7‐yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (DCB‐BPA) enables not only enhanced photon harvesting in the active layer but also minimized nonradiative recombination losses to improve interface charge extraction/transport. As a consequence, high short‐circuit current (≈28.07 mA cm−2) is achieved for PM6:BTP‐eC9 based OSCs to deliver a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.16%, among the highest values for OSCs using small organic HTLs to date. Importantly, good generality of this SAMs is demonstrated for representative high‐efficiency BHJ OSCs systems like PM6:Y6 and PM6:PC61BM, outperforming conventional poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)‐based counterparts. Excitingly, the SAM is applicable for large‐area HTL processing via immersion method, affording 16.59% efficiency for PM6:BTP‐BO‐4Cl based OSCs. This study highlights the great potential of engineered SAMs for facile large‐scale fabrication of high performance OSCs.
Lattice Oxygen Redox Reversibility Modulation in Enhancing the Cycling Stability of Li‐Rich Cathode Materials
Authors: Wu Hualong , Dong Jiahao , Zhang Yinggan , Lin Liang , Gao Guiyang , Li Tianyi , Yi Xiaoli , Sa Baisheng , Wang Jiexi , Wang Laisen , Li Jiantao , Amine Khalil , Peng Dong‐Liang , Xie Qingshui 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe practical application of lithium‐rich layered oxides is prohibited by the drawbacks such as severe capacity and voltage degradation resulting from unstable oxygen redox environment and the accompanied irreversible oxygen release. Herein, a facile and effective strategy is proposed to regulate the oxygen redox chemistry via foreign Fe doping and its induced intrinsic transition metal (TM) doping as well as the in situ constructed spinel surface layer. The Fe doping, together with the induced intrinsic TM dual doping, can stabilize the lattice oxygen in the bulk due to the formed stronger FeO bond, and restrain the irreversible TM migration and then the undesirable phase transformation. More importantly, thermodynamical energy barrier of oxygen activation is dramatically decreased by the O 2p–Fe 3d charge‐transfer, allowing stable oxygen redox activity. And the pre‐constructed spinel layer can effectively stabilize the surface lattice oxygen and suppress harmful interfacial side‐reactions. Such a simple optimizing method make the modified cathode exhibit a high specific capacity of 298 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, outstanding cycling stability with a superior capacity and voltage retentions of 92.5% and 90.8%, respectively, after 400 cycles at 1 C. This study provides a new direction for developing advanced Li‐ion batteries.
Recent Advances of Emerging Spleen‐Targeting Nanovaccines for Immunotherapy
Authors: He Xuanyi , Wang Jing , Tang Yuqing , Chiang Seok Theng , Han Tianzhen , Chen Qi , Qian Chunxi , Shen Xiaoshuai , Li Rongxiu , Ai Xiangzhao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVaccines provide a powerful tool to modulate the immune system for human disease prevention and treatment. Classical vaccines mainly initiate immune responses in the lymph nodes (LNs) after subcutaneous injection. However, some vaccines suffer from inefficient delivery of antigens to LNs, undesired inflammation, and slow immune induction when encountering the rapid proliferation of tumors. Alternatively, the spleen, as the largest secondary lymphoid organ with a high density of antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and lymphocytes, acts as an emerging target organ for vaccinations in the body. Upon intravenous administration, the rationally designed spleen‐targeting nanovaccines can be internalized by the APCs in the spleen to induce selective antigen presentation to T and B cells in their specific sub‐regions, thereby rapidly boosting durable cellular and humoral immunity. Herein, the recent advances of spleen‐targeting nanovaccines for immunotherapy based on the anatomical architectures and functional zones of the spleen, as well as their limitations and perspectives for clinical applications are systematically summarized. The aim is to emphasize the design of innovative nanovaccines for enhanced immunotherapy of intractable diseases in the future.
Transformative Materials for Interfacial Drug Delivery
Authors: Desai Prachi , Dasgupta Anshuman , Sofias Alexandros Marios , Peña Quim , Göstl Robert , Slabu Ioana , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Stiehl Thomas , Wagner Wolfgang , Jockenhövel Stefan , Stingl Julia , Kramann Rafael , Trautwein Christian , Brümmendorf Tim H. , Kiessling Fabian , Herrmann Andreas , Lammers Twan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDrug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to temporally and spatially control drug availability and activity. They assist in improving the balance between on‐target therapeutic efficacy and off‐target toxic side effects. DDS aid in overcoming biological barriers encountered by drug molecules upon applying them via various routes of administration. They are furthermore increasingly explored for modulating the interface between implanted (bio)medical materials and host tissue. Herein, an overview of the biological barriers and host‐material interfaces encountered by DDS upon oral, intravenous, and local administration is provided, and material engineering advances at different time and space scales to exemplify how current and future DDS can contribute to improved disease treatment are highlighted.