bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trophic status estimation of case-2 water bodies of the Godavari River basin using satellite imagery and artificial neural network (ANN)
Authors: Satish Nagalapalli , Rajitha K. , Anmala Jagadeesh , Varma Murari R. R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The dynamics of trophic status estimation of case-2 water bodies on a synoptic mode for frequent intervals is essential for water quality management. The present study attempts to develop trophic status estimation approaches utilizing Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images as inputs. The chlorophyll-a concentration, a proxy parameter for trophic status, was estimated using the empirical method, fluorescence line height (FLH) method, and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches using spectral reflectance values as inputs. The outcomes following the empirical approaches revealed the scope of kernel normalized difference vegetation index (kNDVI) (R2 = 0.85; RMSE = 2 μg/l) for estimating the chlorophyll-a concentration using Sentinel-2 images of the Godavari River basin. Though the performance of the FLH method (R2 = 0.91; RMSE = 1.6 μg/l) was superior to kNDVI-based estimation, it lacks the capability to estimate chlorophyll-a concentration above 20 μg/l. Due to the existence of eutrophic regions within the Godavari basin (28%), adopting better approaches like ANN for trophic status estimation is essential. To accomplish the same, the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm-based ANN was developed using non-redundant bands of Sentinel-2 as inputs, and Sentinel-3 derived chlorophyll-a values as output. The developed architecture was successful in estimating trophic status estimations at all levels.
Toward establishing a knowledge graph for drought disaster based on ontology design and named entity recognition
Authors: Fang Yihui , Zhang Dejian , Wu Guoxiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Drought disasters have caused serious impacts on the social economy and ecological environment, which are continuously and increasingly exacerbated by climate warming and other factors. Drought disaster management usually involves processing a mass of isolated data from many fields expressed in different terminologies and formats. These heterogeneous data or so-called data silos have greatly hindered drought disaster management in an information-rich manner. Establishing a drought disaster knowledge graph can facilitate the reuse of these heterogeneous data and provide references for drought disaster management, and ontology design and named entity recognition are the two major challenges. Therefore, in this study, we first designed a drought disaster ontology by recognizing the major concepts in the drought disaster field and their relationships, which was implemented with an ontology modeling language. We next constructed a drought disaster corpus and an integrated entity recognition model that was built by integrating multiple deep learning methods. Finally, we applied the integrated entity recognition model to extract information from the CNKI literature database. The integrated model shows satisfactory results in drought disaster named entity recognition. We thus conclude that combining ontology and deep learning technology toward establishing a knowledge graph for drought disasters is promising.
Rapunzel Syndrome and Atypical Pancreatitis Acute Abdomen: A Case Report
Authors: Jummani Zia Danesh , Dhake Ajit , Sarhane Karim A. , Dhake Suvarna , Shaik Mahmood , Shaidul Islam Mohammed , Khan Hakimuddin Jiwa , Nasim Rahat 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Trichobezoar is a condition characterized by the accumulation of undigested hair and or other foreign bodies in the stomach. The reported occurrence is uncommon in the Middle East and usually affects female adolescents and young children. Rapunzel syndrome, which almost exclusively affects young women, is a rare form of trichobezoar in the stomach that spreads to the intestine and is associated with psychiatric disorders such as trichotillomania and trichophagia

Case Presentation:
This report describes a rare case of giant trichobezoar complicated with acute pancreatitis in a young patient which was ultimately treated with the removal of trichobezoar by surgical gastrotomy.

Conclusion:
Trichobezoar is an underdiagnosed and rare disease that should be addressed in adolescents with trichotillomania and trichophagia with delicate clinical symptoms, especially in females. Endoscopy can help with a definitive diagnosis and surgery remains the gold standard for the treatment of this condition.
Atorvastatin Calcium Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits Through the AMPK/Mtor Pathway in Rats with Vascular Dementia
Authors: Li Xiuqin , Chen Shaopeng , Zheng Guiming , Yang Yanyan , Yin Nan , Niu Xiaoli , Yao Lixia , Lv Peiyuan 
Published: June 2023

Aim:
In this study, the protective effects of atorvastatin calcium (AC) on nerve cells and
cognitive improvement in vivo and in vitro were investigated by establishing cell models and vascular
dementia (VD) rat models.

Background:
VD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive deficits caused by
chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. AC has been studied for its potential to cure VD but its efficacy
and underlying mechanism are still unclear.

Objective:
The mechanism of action of AC on cognitive deficits in the early stages of VD is unclear.
Here, the 2-vessel occlusion (2-VO) model in vivo and the hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell
model in vitro was established to investigate the function of AC in VD.

Methods:
The spatial learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by the Morris method.
The IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase
(SOD) in cell supernatant was tested by ELISA kits. After behavioural experiments, rats were
anaesthetized and sacrificed, and their brains were extracted. One part was immediately fixed in
4% paraformaldehyde for H&E, Nissl, and immunohistochemical analyses, and the other was
stored in liquid nitrogen. All data were shown as mean ± SD. Statistical comparison between the
two groups was performed by Student’s t-test. A two-way ANOVA test using GraphPad Prism 7
was applied for escape latency analysis and the swimming speed test. The difference was considered
statistically significant at p < 0.05.

Results:
AC decreased apoptosis, increased autophagy, and alleviated oxidative stress in primary
hippocampal neurons. AC regulated autophagy-related proteins in vitro by western blotting. VD
mice improved cognitively in the Morris water maze. Spatial probing tests showed that VD animals
administered AC had considerably longer swimming times to the platform than VD rats.
H&E and Nissl staining showed that AC reduces neuronal damage in VD rats. Western blot and
qRT-PCR indicated that AC in VD rats inhibited Bax and promoted LC3-II, Beclin-1, and Bcl-2 in
the hippocampus region. AC also improves cognition via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.

Conclusion:
This study found that AC may relieve learning and memory deficits as well as neuronal
damage in VD rats by changing the expression of apoptosis/autophagy-related genes and activating
the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway in neurons.
Wikstroemia: A Review on its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology
Authors: Huan Duong Quang , Hop Nguyen Quang , The Son Ninh 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Wikstroemia (the family Thymelaeaceae) consists of medicinal plants
which established great value in traditional medicines for many years. For instance, W. indica is
always recommended for treatments of syphilis, arthritis, whooping cough, and cancer. No systematic
review of bioactive compounds from this genus has been recorded to date.

Objective:
The objective of the current study is to review phytochemical investigations and
pharmacological effects of Wikstroemia plant extracts and isolates

Methods:
By searching on the internet, the relevant data about Wikstroemia medicinal plants were
retrieved from internationally renowned scientific databases, such as Web of Science, Google
Scholar, Sci-Finder, Pubmed, and so on.

Results:
More than 290 structurally diverse metabolites were separated and identified from this
genus. They include terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, mono-phenols, diarylpentanoids,
fatty acids, phytosterols, anthraquinones, and others. Pharmacological records indicated that Wikstroemia
plant crude extracts and their isolated compounds bring out various beneficial effects,
such as anticancer, antiinflammatory, anti-aging, anti-viral, antimicrobacterial, antimalarial, neuroprotective,
and hepatoprotective activities.

Conclusion:
Wikstroemia has been regarded as a worthy genus with numerous phytochemicals
and various pharmacological potentials. Modern pharmacological studies have successfully provided
evidence for traditional uses. Nonetheless, their action mechanisms need to be further investigated.
Although various secondary metabolites were identified from Wikstroemia plants, the
current pharmacological research mainly concentrated on terpenoids, lignans, flavonoids, and
coumarins.
Improved Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Activity of Baicalein Via a
Self-assembled Solutol HS15 Micelles System
Authors: Zhang Shuna , Wang Ying , Shan Jiaojiao , Qi Xueju , Liu Qun 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Baicalein (BA) is a flavonoid extract from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis
Georgi with excellent biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However,
its poor water solubility limits its further development.

Objective:
This study aims to prepare BA-loaded Solutol HS15 (HS15-BA) micelles, evaluate the bioavailability,
and explore protective effects on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute liver injury.

Methods:
The thin-film dispersion method was used to prepare HS15-BA micelles. The physicochemical,
in vitro release, pharmacokinetics, and hepatoprotective effects of HS15-BA micelles were studied.

Results:
The optimal formulation showed a spherical shape by characterization of the transmission electron
microscope (TEM) with an average small size (12.50 nm). The pharmacokinetic results illustrated
that HS15-BA increased the oral bioavailability of BA. The in vivo results showed that HS15-BA micelles
significantly inhibited the activity of the CCl4-induced liver injury marker enzymes aspartate
transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). Also, CCl4 induced oxidative damage to liver
tissue, leading to increased L-glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased
malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, while HS15-BA significantly reversed the above changes.
Moreover, BA also had a hepatoprotective effect through anti-inflammatory activity; the results of ELISA
and RT-PCR revealed that HS15-BA pretreatment significantly inhibited the increase in the expression
of inflammatory factors induced by CCl4.

Conclusion:
In summary, our study confirmed that HS15-BA micelles enhanced the bioavailability of
BA, and showed hepatoprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. HS15
could be considered a promising oral delivery carrier in treating liver disease.
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae): State of the art of its
uses and Applications
Authors: Rabelo Ana Carolina Silveira , Noratto Giuliana , Borghesi Jessica , Souza Fonseca Adriano , Cantanhede Filho Antônio José , Costa Carneiro Fernando José , Abreu-Silva Ana Lúcia , Miglino Maria Angélica 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand (Apocynaceae), popularly known as milkweed, has been traditionally used to treat diseases particularly associated with gastric disorders, skin disease and inflammatory processes. The present study aimed to review the current scientific evidence re-garding the pharmacological effects of C. procera extracted phytochemicals and possible research opportunities as complementary and alternative medicine. Scientific publications were searched in various electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Springer, Wiley, and Mendeley) using the following search terms: Calotropis procera, medicinal plants, toxicity, phytochemical characterization, and biological effects. Collected data showed that cardenolides, steroid glycoside and flavonoids are the main classes of phytochemicals identified in C. procera la-tex and leaves. In addition, lignans, terpenes, coumarins, and phenolic acids have been reported. These metabolites have been correlated with their biological activities, including mainly antioxi-dant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, hypoglycemic, gastric protective, anti-microbial, insecticide, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic, among others. However, some of the studies were carried out with only a single dose or with a high dose not achievable under physiological conditions. Therefore, the validi-ty of C. procera biological activity may be questionable. Not less important to highlight are the risks associated with its use and the possibility of accumulation of heavy metals that can be toxic. Furthermore, there are no clinical trials with C. procera to date. In conclusion, the need of bioassay-guided isolation of bioactive compounds, bioavailability and efficacy, as well as pharmacological and toxicity studies, are needed using in vivo models and clinical trials in order to support the tradi-tionally claimed health benefits.
Evaluation of Frequency and Risk Factors of Barotrauma among Patients
with Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia Underwent Non-Invasive Ventilation in
Afzalipour Hospital Kerman
Authors: Dalfardi Behnam , Hashemi Bajgani Seyed Mehdi , Najafzadeh Mohammad Javad , Shafiei Mohadeseh , Shafiepour Mohsen 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following Covid-19 pneumo-nia is an important complication; using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is one of the best supportive options available. In the recent Covid-19 pandemic, we have seen a significant increase in baro-trauma incidence following the use of NIV in patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia.
We aimed to identify the risk factors of barotrauma in patients with Covid-19 pneumonia under-going NIV.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, all adult patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia who under-gone NIV and suffered from any form of barotrauma from July to September 2021 in Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran were evaluated. Laboratory tests and NIV machine settings were collected from patients' files. A chi-square test and an independent t-test were used for analytical statistics.

Results:
Twenty patients with barotrauma secondary to severe Covid-19 pneumonia were enrolled. The most common manifestation of barotrauma was pneumomediastinum in 19 patients (95%). No significant relationship was seen between the occurrence of barotrauma and Laboratory tests. The mean ± SD Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure (IPAP) level in passed-away patients (17.8 ± 1.1) was significantly higher than in recovered patients (13.5 ± 0.5) (p = 0.04).

Conclusion:
According to the results of the study, using a low level of IPAP in the ventilator ma-chine settings of patients with barotrauma secondary to severe Covid-19 pneumonia will reduce the mortality rate.
Differentiation of Borderline Epithelial Ovarian Tumors from Benign and
Malignant Epithelial Ovarian Tumors by MRI Scoring
Authors: Atas Abdullah Enes , Babaoglu Seyma , Kerimoglu Ulku , İyisoy Mehmet Sinan , Kilinc Fahriye 
Published: June 2023

Introducstion:
The distinction between benign and borderline epithelial ovarian tumors is important because treatment and follow-up strategies differ.

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate benign, borderline, and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors using MRI features and contributed to the preoperative evaluation.

Methods:
MRIs of 81 patients (20 bilateral), including 31 benign, 27 borderline, and 23 malignant, who had pelvic imaging between 2013-2020, were evaluated retrospectively. The evaluation was made blindly to the pathology result by two radiologists with MRI scoring and features that we determined. MRI evaluation was performed with T1 TSE, T2 TSE, fat-suppressed T2 TSE, and before and after contrast T1 fat-suppressed and non-fat-suppressed TSE images. The numbers and findings obtained in scoring were evaluated by Chi-Square, ordinal logistic regression, and 2 and 3 category ROC analysis.

Results:
The total score varied between 7 and 24. Among the three groups, a significant difference was found in terms of T1, T2 signal intensity (p <0.01), size (p = 0.055), solid area (p <0.001), septa number (p <0.05), ovarian parenchyma (p = 0.001), ascites (p <0.001), peritoneal involvement (p <0.001), laterality (p <0.001), contrast enhancement pattern (p <0.001). On the other hand, no significant difference was found in terms of wall thickness, lymph node involvement and endometrial thickness (p> 0.05). Cut-off values were found as 11.5 and 18.5 in the 3-category ROC analysis performed for the score (VUS: 0.8109). Patients with a score below 11.5 were classified as benign, those between 11.5-18.5 as borderline, and those over 18.5 as malignant.

Conclusion:
The differentiation of borderline tumors from benign and malignant tumors by MRI scoring will contribute to the preoperative diagnosis.
Primary Thymic Mucinous Adenocarcinoma with Extensive Punctate and
Amorphous Calcifications: A Case Report
Authors: Park Byunggeon , Cho Hangjun , Park Jongmin , Shin Kyung Min , Park Seo Young , Jeong Ji Yun , Kim Jae-Hui 
Published: June 2023

Background::
Primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor with poor prognosis. The tumor may present as a
heterogeneous solid or cystic mass accompanied by calcifications. However, clinical and radiologic features of the tumor are not well known due
to the rarity of the disease, which makes accurate diagnosis difficult.

Case Presentation::
Here we present a rare case of primary thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma in the anterior mediastinum, including computed tomography (CT) and
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Chest computed tomography revealed a large anterior mediastinal mass with extensive calcifications
with poor enhancement. MRI showed that anterior mediastinal mass showed intermediate signal intensity on T1-weighted images (T1WI), high SI
on T2-weighted images (T2WI), and heterogeneous enhancement. Biopsy was performed and the anterior mediastinal tumor was diagnosed as
thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma by histopathologic examination and immunohistochemical staining.

Conclusion::
Thymic mucinous adenocarcinomas could be included in differential diagnoses of anterior mediastinal tumors showing extensive calcification, and
common imaging findings of mucinous adenocarcinoma such as T2 high signal intensity and heterogeneous enhancement on MRI may be helpful
to diagnose thymic mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Phytochemical Profiling, LC-MS Analyses, Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant, and
Antimicrobial Activities of Ruta montana: An Ethnomedicinally Important
Plant in Algeria
Authors: Bouhenna Mustapha Mounir , Bendif Hamdi , Segueni Narimane , Khalfa Hanane , Djadoudi Asma , Tahraoui Soumeya , Benslama Abderrahim , Ksouri Aicha , Boumechhour Abdenour , Miara Mohamed Djamel , Rebbas Khellaf 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Ruta montana (R. montana) is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional
use in treating ailments.

Objective:
The present work aims to study the phytochemical composition and to evaluate the biological
activities of R. montana L. (Rutacea) extracts.

Methods:
Bioactive compounds were obtained using solid-liquid extraction using solvents of
increasing polarity. The obtained extracts were qualitatively analyzed by liquid chromatography
coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The pharmacological properties of R. montana were
also investigated. Antioxidant activity was achieved "in vitro" using two methods: scavenging of
the free radical DPPH and total antioxidant capacity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using
disc diffusion method on 3 pathogenic bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Staphylococcus aureus). In addition, cytotoxic activity was determined by the "Brine shrimp"
test.

Results:
Chemical investigation allowed the identification of 14 phenolic compounds. The identified
compounds were mainly phenolic acids, coumarins and flavonoids. The crude extract and the
different tested fractions exhibited an interesting antioxidant activity. Chloroform extract was effective
against the growth of the tested bacterial strains with zones of inhibition varying between 14
and 18 mm. In contrast, ethyl acetate and butanolic extracts were almost inactive on all of the tested
bacterial strains. Furthermore, the crude extract was found to exhibit antibacterial activity with 11
to 11.66 mm of inhibitions zone. No cytotoxic effect was recorded for all the tested extracts up to a
concentration of 4000 μg/mL.

Conclusion:
This work highlights the potent bioactivity and acceptable drug-likeness of this plant,
which supports its further uses.
Mapping Drug-gene Interactions to Identify Potential Drug Candidates
Targeting Envelope Protein in SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ghosh Byapti , Das Troyee , Das Gourab , Chowdhury Nilkanta , Bagchi Angshuman , Ghosh Zhumur 
Published: June 2023

Background:
COVID-19 is still widespread due to the rapidly mutating disposition of the virus,
rendering vaccines and previously elicited antibodies ineffective in many cases. The integral membrane
Envelope (E) protein which is 75 amino acid residues long, has also acquired several mutations.

Objective:
In this work, we have adopted a high-throughput approach incorporating patient gene expression
patterns to identify drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19. We have come up with a list of
FDA-approved drugs that can not only prevent E protein oligomerization in both its wild type and a mutational
state but can also regulate gene targets responsible for inducing COVID symptoms.

Methods:
We performed an exhaustive analysis of the available gene expression profiles corresponding
to a spectrum of COVID patient samples, followed by drug-gene interaction mapping. This revealed a
set of drugs that underwent further efficacy tests through in silico molecular docking with the wild-type
E-protein.
We also built the molecular models of mutant E-protein by considering the important non-synonymous
mutations affecting E-protein structure to check the activities of the screened set of drugs against the
mutated E-protein. Finally, blind molecular docking simulations were performed to obtain unbiased
docking results.

Results:
Interestingly, this work revealed a set of 8 drugs that have the potential to be effective for a
wider spectrum of asymptomatic to severely symptomatic COVID patients.

Conclusion:
The varied stages of infection and rapid rate of mutation motivated us to search for a set of
drugs that can be effective for a wider spectrum of asymptomatic to severely symptomatic COVID patients.
Further, the efficiency of these drugs against mutated E-protein increases another level of confidence
to fight against this rapidly changing deadly RNA virus and subsequently needs to be validated in
clinical settings.