bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding
Authors: George Alexandra D. , Paul Sudip , Wang Tingting , Huynh Kevin , Giles Corey , Mellett Natalie , Duong Thy , Nguyen Anh , Geddes Donna , Mansell Toby , Saffery Richard , Vuillermin Peter , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Burgner David , Burugupalli Satvika , Meikle Peter J. ,   Barwon Infant Study Investigator Team
Published: September 2023

BackgroundBreastfed infants have lower disease risk compared to formula-fed infants, however, the mechanisms behind this protection are unknown. Human milk has a complex lipidome which may have many critical roles in health and disease risk. However, human milk lipidomics is challenging, and research is still required to fully understand the lipidome and to interpret and translate findings. This study aimed to address key human milk lipidome knowledge gaps and discuss possible implications for early life health.MethodsHuman milk samples from two birth cohorts, the Barwon Infant Study (n = 312) and University of Western Australia birth cohort (n = 342), were analysed using four liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) methods (lipidome, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid, alkylglycerol). Bovine, goat, and soy-based infant formula, and bovine and goat milk were analysed for comparison. Composition was explored as concentrations, relative abundance, and infant lipid intake. Statistical analyses included principal component analysis, mixed effects modelling, and correlation, with false discovery rate correction, to explore human milk lipidome longitudinal trends and inter and intra-individual variation, differences between sample types, lipid intakes, and correlations between infant plasma and human milk lipids.ResultsLipidomics analysis identified 979 lipids. The human milk lipidome was distinct from that of infant formula and animal milk. Ether lipids were of particular interest, as they were significantly higher, in concentration and relative abundance, in human milk than in formula and animal milk, if present in the latter samples at all. Many ether lipids were highest in colostrum, and some changed significantly through lactation. Significant correlations were identified between human milk and infant circulating lipids (40% of which were ether lipids), and specific ether lipid intake by exclusively breastfed infants was 200-fold higher than that of an exclusively formula-fed infant.ConclusionThere are marked differences between the lipidomes of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk, with notable distinctions between ether lipids that are reflected in the infant plasma lipidome. These findings have potential implications for early life health, and may reveal why breast and formula-fed infants are not afforded the same protections. Comprehensive lipidomics studies with outcomes are required to understand the impacts on infant health and tailor translation.
Phenotypic characteristics of circulating tumor cells and predictive impact for efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer: a prospective study
Authors: Lee Hee Seung , Jung Eun Hye , Shin Hyejung , Park Chan Su , Park Soo Been , Jung Dawoon E. , Leem Galam , Kim So Jung , Jo Jung Hyun , Chung Moon Jae , Park Jeong Youp , Bang Seungmin , Park Seung Woo , Song Si Young 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveEarly chemoresistance and tumor mass progression are associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been studied as potential predictors of treatment response and prognosis in PDAC; however, this approach has yet to be applied in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to investigate the phenotypic characteristics of CTCs and determine their predictive value for PDAC progression.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 40 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with PDAC and collected blood samples at diagnosis, 2 months after diagnosis, and during disease progression or recurrence. We used a microfabricated filter-based enrichment system to retrieve and analyze CTCs, which were classified using immunofluorescence staining (CD45, EpCAM, and vimentin).ResultsOur study included 20 women and 20 men (median age, 66 years). Overall, 45% of the patients (18/40) had disseminated disease, and 77.5% (31/40) received chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis revealed that the total CTC count and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level at 2 months after diagnosis were associated with disease progression (P&lt;0.05). Linear mixed model analysis revealed that the total CTC count and vimentin-positive CTCs were significantly correlated with treatment response during chemotherapy (P=0.024 and 0.017, respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that total CTC positivity at 2 months was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival (P=0.038).ConclusionOur study’s findings suggest that CTCs can serve as predictive biomarkers of clinical outcomes in patients with PDAC receiving palliative chemotherapy. In particular, the total CTC count and vimentin-positive CTCs showed changes associated with the chemotherapy response.
Evaluation of CT features for differentiating consolidation pattern of pulmonary MALT lymphoma from pneumonic-type lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dong Congsong , Xia Peng , Qiu Wenli , Dai Zhenyu , Wang Zhongqiu 
Published: September 2023

PurposeIn clinical practice, the consolidation pattern of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (C-MALT) was often misdiagnosed as pneumonic-type lung adenocarcinoma (P-LADC). However, the mainstay of treatment and prognosis of these two diseases are different. The purpose of this study was to distinguish C-MALT from P-LADC by pre-treatment chest computed tomography (CT) features.Patients and methodsA total of 31 patients with C-MALT (15 men and 16 women; mean age, 61.1 ± 11.2 years) and 58 patients with P-LADC (34 men and 24 women; mean age, 68.6 ± 7.4 years) confirmed by pathology who underwent contrast-enhanced chest CT were retrospectively enrolled from September 2014 to February 2023. Detailed clinical and CT characteristics of the two groups were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of statistically significant variables in distinguishing C-MALT from P-LADC.ResultsThe average age of C-MALT was younger than P-LADC patients (p&lt;0.001). With regard to CT features, bronchiectasis within the consolidation was more common in the C-MALT group than the P-LADC group [83.87% (26 of 31) vs 20.69% (12 of 58), p&lt;0.001]; whereas lymph nodes enlargement [75.86% (44 of 58) vs 9.68% (3 of 31), p&lt;0.001] and pleural effusion [43.10% (25of 58) vs 19.35% (6 of 31), p=0.025] were more frequently observed in the P-LADC group than C-MALT group. The predictors with p&lt;0.05 (age, bronchiectasis, lymph node enlargement, and pleural effusion) were used to construct a logistic regression model in discriminating C-MALT from P-LADC, the area under curve (AUC), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy were 0.9555, 86.67%, 91.53%, 83.87%, 93.10%, and 89.89%, respectively.ConclusionC-MALT and P-LADC have differential clinical and CT features. An adequate understanding of these different characteristics can contribute to the early accurate diagnosis of C-MALT and provide an appropriate therapeutic strategy.
An improvement in the reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy: ultra-short cecum
Authors: Ding Shikang , Yang Xin , Li Yibo , Zheng Xiaohao , Song Yanyang , Xie Yibin 
Published: September 2023

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the utility and complications of ultra-short cecum (USC) in the reconstruction of digestive tract after total gastrectomy (TG) for the alleviation of reflux esophagitis and to determine its effect on long-term nutritional status.MethodsPatients who underwent TG with USC or normal cecum (NC) at a single institution between June 2018 and December 2020 were included in this study. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, and the primary endpoints were reflux esophagitis, anastomotic leakage and postoperative nutritional status. The long-term nutritional status was evaluated by the change trend of laboratory blood tests, including total protein, prealbumin, hemoglobin, and total leukocytes.ResultsTotally 240 cases were included in the final analysis out of 496 patients who received TG with USC or NC. Postoperative reflux esophagitis was significantly higher in the NC group than in the USC group (24.7% versus 7.7%, P = 0.001), and the NC group had a higher incidence of severe esophagitis symptoms compared to the USC group (13.6% versus 0.00%, P &lt; 0.001), and the incidence of anastomotic leakage in the USC group was similar to that in the NC group (9.0% versus 6.2%, P = 0.6). There was no significant difference in long-term nutritional status between the USC and NC groups in the two years following the surgery (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionUltra-short cecum after total gastrectomy should be more actively recommended due to its significant reduction in reflux esophagitis and similar incidence of anastomotic leakage and nutritional status compared with normal cecum after total gastrectomy.
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus XELOX regimen as first-line therapy for mCRC: a single-arm, multicenter, phase II study (ALTER-C-001)
Authors: Song Bo , Hu Hai , Zhang Li , Ye Su-Juan , Jin Yong-Dong , Shang Chang-Ling , Zhang Jun , Sun Hao , Zhang Ke , Yi Bo , Han Yun-Wei , Yan Jin 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAnlotinib showed encouraging anti-tumor activity in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This study was designed to assess the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus XELOX as first-line therapy in mCRC patients.Materials and MethodsEligible patients aged ≥18 with mCRC were enrolled in this multicenter, single-arm, phase II, exploratory study. Patients received at least 6 cycles of anlotinib, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine as initial therapy. Subsequently, patients received anlotinib monotherapy as maintenance therapy until tumor progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS).ResultsThirty-one patients were included between December 2019 and March 2022. The median follow-up was 17.5 (95% CI, 3.0-17.5) months. The median PFS was 8.3 (95% CI, 6.3-10.0) months, with 6- and 12-month PFS rates of 82.3% (95% CI, 59.2%-93.0%) and 18.9% (95% CI, 4.8%-40.1%), respectively. Fifteen (48.4%) achieved partial response for an ORR of 48.4% (95% CI, 30.2%-66.9%). The disease control rate was 71.0% (95% CI, 52.0%-85.8%) due to 7 (22.6%) stable diseases. The median duration of response was 6.0 (95% CI, 3.6-8.0) months and 1 patient had the longest ongoing response of 17.3 months. Of 24 patients with evaluable imaging, 23 (74.2%) obtained tumor shrinkage. The median PFS (11.0 vs. 6.9 months) and ORR (66.7% vs. 60.0%) for patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type were numerically better than those with mutation. Three patients are still ongoing treatment. The grade 3 or more treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mainly hypertension (12.9%) and decreased neutrophil count (12.9%). Four (12.9%) had serious TEAEs, primarily including abdominal pain and incomplete intestinal obstruction.ConclusionAnlotinib plus XELOX as first-line therapy in patients with mCRC showed anti-tumor activity and safety profile, which is worth further investigation.Clinical Trial Registrationchictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900028417.
Untargeted plasma metabolome identifies biomarkers in patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Fan Xueqiang , Gao Xixi , Deng Yisen , Ma Bo , Liu Jingwen , Zhang Zhaohua , Zhang Dingkai , Yang Yuguang , Wang Cheng , He Bin , Nie Qiangqiang , Ye Zhidong , Liu Peng , Wen Jianyan 
Published: September 2023

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the plasma metabolic profile of patients with extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVM).Method: Plasma samples were collected from 32 AVM patients and 30 healthy controls (HC). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) was employed to analyze the metabolic profiles of both groups. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was performed through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and MetaboAnalyst. Additionally, machine learning algorithms such as Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and random forest (RF) were conducted to screen characteristic metabolites. The effectiveness of the serum biomarkers for AVM was evaluated using a receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve.Result: In total, 184 differential metabolites were screened in this study, with 110 metabolites in positive ion mode and 74 metabolites in negative mode. Lipids and lipid-like molecules were the predominant metabolites detected in both positive and negative ion modes. Several significant metabolic pathways were enriched in AVMs, including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein translation. Through machine learning algorithms, nine metabolites were identify as characteristic metabolites, including hydroxy-proline, L-2-Amino-4-methylenepentanedioic acid, piperettine, 20-hydroxy-PGF2a, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)-1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione, DL-tryptophan, 9-oxoODE, alpha-Linolenic acid, and dihydrojasmonic acid.Conclusion: Patients with extracranial AVMs exhibited significantly altered metabolic patterns compared to healthy controls, which could be identified using plasma metabolomics. These findings suggest that metabolomic profiling can aid in the understanding of AVM pathophysiology and potentially inform clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Validity and reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF in the measurement of the quality of life of Sickle disease patients in Bahrain
Authors: Almarabheh Amer , Salah Afif Ben , Alghamdi Manal , Al Saleh Aseel , Elbarbary Abdulla , Al Qashar Ahmed , Alserdieh Faisal , Alahmed Fatema , Alhaddar Hasan , Alsada Lulwa , Yosri Mohamed , Omran Mahmood , Khudhair Mina , Salih Motasem , Fuad Noora , Chlif Sadok 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundLimited attention is devoted to the improvement of the quality of life of patients suffering from the negative consequences of Sickle cell disease (SCD). Our study focuses on the evaluation of the performance of the WHOQOL-BREF as a tool to measure the quality of life of SCD Patients in Bahrain.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled 273 SCD patients selected using a simple random sampling technique from primary health-care centers in Bahrain in 2019. A designed questionnaire including the WHOQOL-BREF was filled by the patients in the health centers. The reliability of the WHOQOL-BREF was assessed by standardized Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the validity was measured by convergent validity, principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsThe WHOQOL-BREF had good internal consistency as Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.91. The convergent validity results indicated that the correlation coefficients values for all scale domains are significantly correlated at α &lt; 0.01. Confirmatory factor analysis found that the four-domain structure produced a robust fit to the data.ConclusionThe WHOQOL-BREF tool has high internal consistency and validity in assessing the quality of life of Sickle Disease patients in Bahrain.
Increased risk of postpartum depression in women with lactational mastitis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shen Fuyi , Zhou Xianjin , Guo Fei , Fan Kechen , Zhou Yilu , Xia Jianhua , Xu Zhendong , Liu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundA high incidence of lactational mastitis mainly occurs during the first month of breastfeeding. It may cause severe pain, frustration, fatigue, stress, and breastfeeding concerns. However, few studies investigated the effects of lactational mastitis on postpartum depression. This study investigated the potential association between lactational mastitis and postpartum depression.MethodsWe examined the associations of lactational mastitis with postpartum depression in 1,551 Chinese women. Lactational mastitis was diagnosed by breast specialists. The presence of depression symptoms was evaluated by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9) at 6 weeks after delivery. Multiple linear regression analysis and multivariable log-binomial regression analysis were performed to estimate the association between lactational mastitis and postpartum depression.ResultsAmong the 1,551 mothers, 147 (9.5%) experienced lactational mastitis diagnosed by breast specialists during the postpartum period. Compared with women without lactational mastitis, the proportion of women with depression symptoms was significantly higher (38.1% vs. 27.4%, p = 0.008), and the risk of postpartum depression increased by 68% (RR = 1.68, 95% CI, 1.18, 2.40) in women who had experienced lactational mastitis. In addition, the risk of self-harm or suicidal ideation increased by 89% (RR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.08, 3.29) in women who experienced lactational mastitis. In stratified analysis, the associations of lactational mastitis with postpartum depression appeared stronger among women aged ≥35 years, with maternal comorbidities, and who delivered a female neonate.ConclusionThe study results suggest that lactational mastitis is a risk factor for depression during the postpartum period. The impact of lactational mastitis on maternal mental health requires further attention.Clinical trial registrationchictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2000041519.
Deaths from tuberculosis: differences between tuberculosis-related and non-tuberculosis-related deaths
Authors: Jeong Yun-Jeong , Park Jae Seuk , Kim Hyung Woo , Min Jinsoo , Ko Yousang , Oh Jee Youn , Lee Eun Hye , Yang Bumhee , Lee Min Ki , Kim Yun Seong , Chang Jung Hyun , Jegal Yangjin , Lee Sung Soon , Kim Ju Sang , Koo Hyeon-Kyoung 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of ill health and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The first step in developing strategies to reduce TB mortality is to identify the direct causes of death in patients with TB and the risk factors for each cause.MethodsData on patients with TB systemically collected from the National Surveillance System of South Korea from January 2019 to December 2020 were included in this study. We analyzed the clinical characteristics associated with TB and non-TB-related deaths, including TB-related symptoms, comorbidities, and radiographic and microbiological findings.ResultsOf the total of 12,340 patients with TB, 61% were males with a mean age of 61.3 years. During the follow-up period, the overall mortality rate was 10.6%, with TB-related deaths accounting for 21.3% of all TB deaths. The median survival time in the TB-related death group was 22 days. TB-related death was associated with older age, lower body mass index (BMI), dyspnea, fever, general weakness, bilateral radiographic patterns, and acid-fast bacilli (AFB)-positive smears. Non-TB-related deaths were associated with older age, male sex, lower BMI, comorbidities of heart, liver, kidney, and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, CNS TB involvement, the presence of dyspnea, general weakness, and bilateral radiographic patterns.ConclusionPatients with high-risk TB must be identified through cause-specific mortality analysis, and the mortality rate must be reduced through intensive monitoring of patients with a high TB burden and comorbidities.
Child and youth mental health and wellbeing before and after returning to in-person learning in secondary schools in the context of COVID-19
Authors: Qian Lei , McWeeny Robert , Shinkaruk Cheryl , Baxter Andrew , Cao Bo , Greenshaw Andy , Silverstone Peter , Pazderka Hannah , Wei Yifeng 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAs children reintegrate with in-person classroom learning after COVID-19, health and education institutions should remain mindful of students’ mental health. There is a paucity of data on changes in students’ mental health before, during and after their return to in-person classroom learning.MethodsWe collected and analyzed data on self-reported wellbeing, general mental health, perceived stress, and help-seeking attitudes from grade 7–12 students in a Catholic school division in Canada (n = 258 at baseline; n = 132 at follow-up). Outcomes were compared according to demographic differences such as gender, grade level, experience accessing mental health services, and presence of support staff between baseline and follow-up. Effects of time points and each demographic variable on each outcome and on the prediction of students’ mental health were also analyzed.ResultsNo significant differences were apparent for outcomes between baseline and follow-up. However, specific subgroups: junior high students, male students, students who had not accessed mental health services, and students who had access to support-staff had better outcomes than their counterparts. From baseline to follow-up, male students reported mental health decline [Mean = 11.79, SD = 6.14; Mean = 16.29, SD = 7.47, F(1, 333) = 8.36, p &lt; 0.01]; students who had not accessed mental health services demonstrated greater stress [Mean = 20.89, SD = 4.09; Mean = 22.28, SD = 2.24, F(1, 352) = 6.20, p &lt; 0.05]; students who did not specify a binary gender reported improved general mental health [Mean = 19.87, SD = 5.89; Mean = 13.00, SD = 7.40, F(1, 333) = 8.70, p &lt; 0.01], and students who did not have access to support-staff improved help-seeking attitudes [Mean = 22.32, SD = 4.62; Mean = 24.76, SD = 4.81; F(1, 346) = 5.80, p &lt; 0.05]. At each time point, students indicated parents, guardians, and close friends as their most-preferred help-seeking sources. High stress predicted lower wellbeing at baseline, but higher wellbeing at follow-up.ConclusionStudents presented stable mental health. Subgroups with decreased mental health may benefit from extra mental health support through building capacity among teachers and health care professionals to support students following public health emergencies.
Overweight and Obesity in Finnish Children by Parents’ Socioeconomic Position—A Registry-Based Study
Authors: Mäki Päivi , Levälahti Esko , Lehtinen-Jacks Susanna , Laatikainen Tiina 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: To examine associations between parents’ socioeconomic position (SEP) and child overweight and obesity, using registry data.Methods: Data (final n = 194,423) on children’s height, weight and parents’ SEP were drawn from the national Register of Primary Health Care Visits (Avohilmo) and Statistics Finland. Risk ratios for bernoulli-distributed overweight (RROW) and obesity (RROB) according to SEP were estimated using generalized linear models and using a log -link.Results: The risk for obesity was lower in boys from high-income families (RROB 0.76), for overweight and obesity was lower in boys (RROW 0.72, RROB 0.58) and girls (RROW 0.72, RROB 0.54) with highly educated fathers, in boys (RROW 0.79, RROB 0.58) and girls (RROW 0.78, RROB 0.56) with high-educated mothers and in boys (RROW 0.85, RROB 0.77) and girls (RROW 0.80, RROB 0.69) living in urban areas, as compared to low-income families, low-educated parents, and rural residence, respectively.Conclusion: The risk of overweight and obesity was increased in children with low SEP or rural residence. Administrative registers are a valid approach to monitor childhood obesity by parents’ SEP.