bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial Development, Technology Adoption, and Sectoral Productivity Convergence
Authors: Avoumatsodo Komla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
I document a notable differences in convergence speed across sectors and construct an endogenous growth model to elucidate the reasons behind these observed discrepancies. The model categorizes countries into three groups based on their levels of financial institutions and aggregate productivity. Initially, the first group, characterized by low aggregate productivity and weak financial institutions, experiences sectoral productivity divergence but eventually catches up with the second group. The second group demonstrates moderate levels of aggregate productivity and financial institutions, showcasing conditional convergence. On the other hand, the third group, characterized by high aggregate productivity and strong financial institutions, experiences unconditional convergence towards higher sectoral productivity. The model also suggests that convergence in sectors with faster growth rates at the technological frontier occurs at a later stage. Empirical evidence from the World Development Indicators dataset spanning 29 years and covering over 150 countries supports these and other predictions .
The social cost of the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel during 2020-2021
Authors: Shmueli Amir , Peled Osnat , Shachar Ella 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background The Covid-19 pandemic hit Israel in February 2020. In response to the pandemic, the government has imposed preventive measures to reduce the spreading of the virus, including lockdowns and restrictions that have severely undermined the normal course of life. Methods The social cost of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 is the sum of the direct and indirect costs and monetary values of the welfare loss that the pandemic has caused in various areas of life. We identified seven life/cost domains as follows: loss of GDP, fiscal cost, labor market, health, education, domestic violence and transportation. The cost of the pandemic includes components measured in monetary values (such as loss of GDP or government expenditure) and components caused by welfare loss (such as mortality, deterioration of mental health, or obesity) expressed as years of life or quality adjusted life years (QALYs) lost. The monetary value of a lost year of life or QALY adopted in this work is, according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, three times GDP per capita (NIS 466,311 in 2019). The impact of the pandemic in the various domains was calculated by comparing the actual situation in 2020–2021 to the situation that was expected before the pandemic. Results The total cost of the Covid pandemic in Israel in 2020–2021 amounted to about NIS 783 billion, or 55% of GDP in 2019. This cost amounts to an average cost of about NIS 292,000 per Israeli household. The area most severely affected is health (33% of GDP), and most of the cost was caused by the increase in anxiety and depression levels. The labor market returned to normal quite rapidly, so no long-term unemployment costs were identified. Conclusions It is likely that the cost we estimated is an underestimation. Since we have not been able to locate similar works done in other countries, we performed a comparison with OECD countries in terms of the negative impact on GDP, loss of years of life and loss of school days. It shows that Israel has done better than the OECD average.
Changes in anti-Müllerian hormone values for ovarian reserve after minimally invasive benign ovarian cystectomy: Comparison of the Da Vinci robotic systems (Xi and SP) and the laparoscopic system
Authors: Park Yunjeong , Song Ayoung , Jee Junghyun , Bae Nayoung , Oh Sumin , Shin Jung-Ho , Kim Yong Jin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the impact on the ovarian reserve after minimally invasive ovarian cystectomy using two platforms, the Da Vinci robotic system (Xi and SP) and the laparoscopic system.
Materials and methods
Patients underwent laparoscopic or Da Vinci robotic (Xi or SP) ovarian cystectomy for benign ovarian cysts between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022 at Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical center. We measured the change of AMH values(%) = [(postAMH − preAMH)] × 100 / preAMH.
Main Results
No significant differences in preoperative age, cyst size, estimated blood loss during surgery, hemoglobin drop, length of hospital stay, adhesion detachment rate and cyst rupture rate were observed. However, the operative time was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group than that in the robotic group (67.78±30.58 min vs. 105.17±38.87 min, p<0.001)
The mean preAMH and postAMH were significantly higher with the Da Vinci robotic group than with the laparoscopic group (preAMH: 5.89±4.81 ng/mL vs. 4.01±3.59 ng/mL, p=0.02, postAMH: 4.36±3.31 ng/mL vs. 3.08±2.60 ng/mL, p=0.02). However, the mean ΔAMH was not significantly different between two groups. ΔAMH also did not demonstrate significant differences among the three groups; laparoscopic, Xi and SP robotic. Even in the patient groups with preAMH < 2 and diagnosed with endometriosis, the ΔAMH did not show significant differences between the laparoscopic and robotic groups.
Conclusion
Although the Da Vinci robotic system requires a longer time for performing a benign ovarian cystectomy compared to laparoscopic surgery, it is an effective and minimally invasive method for preserving ovarian function.
Identification and complete genomic sequence of a novel sadwavirus discovered in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat)
Authors: Chen Jie , Dong Yafeng , Wang Hui , Zhang jie , Changnian Ma , Cao Liangliang , Shen Leiding , Cao Kuirong , Fan Xudong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The complete genomic sequence of a putative novel member of the genus Sadwavirus was determined by high-throughput sequencing of a chrysanthemum from an orchard of Tongxiang Agricultural Science Institute in Tongxiang, Zhejiang province. The complete genome was further confirmed using RT-PCR and the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method. The predicted genome of the putative virus was composed of two RNA molecules of 7016 and 6772 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly-A tails. The new virus was tentatively named “chrysanthemum sadwavirus” (ChSV). The Pro-Pol region of RNA1 and the CP region of RNA2 of ChSV shared the highest amino acid sequence identity of 53.01% and 36.40%, respectively, with the corresponding sequences of lettuce secovirus 1(LSV-1). Phylogenetic analysis showed that ChSV clustered in the subgenus Stramovirus (genus Sadwavirus). Taken together, these results suggest that ChSV is a new member of the genus Sadwavirus.
Early loss of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells drives regeneration failure in cirrhosis
Authors: Nautiyal Nidhi , Maheshwari Deepanshu , Kumar Dhananjay , Rao E Pranshu , Tripathi Dinesh Mani , Mohanty Sujata , Baligar Prakash , Kumari Anupama , Bihari Chhagan , Biswas Subhrajit , Maiwall Rakhi , Sarin Shiv Kumar , Kumar Anupam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Liver failure is failure of regeneration. Underlying cause of regeneration failure in cirrhosis is not well-defined. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) and their progeny play a central role in tissue repair and regeneration and are defective in patients with chronic liver failure. Whether BM failure is cause or consequence of liver failure in cirrhosis is not known. In this study we aim to decipher the underlying relation between BM failure and regeneration failure in cirrhosis. Using murine model of chronic liver injury we showed that loss of BMSC occurs prior to failure of liver regeneration and onset of non-acute decompensation. We further showed, infusion of healthy-BM in cirrhotic-BM dampens the inflammation, increase glycolysis and induce the repopulation of native LT-HSCs. Restoring LT-HSCs reserve in cirrhotic animals restore liver macrophage number and function, accelerate regression of fibrosis, enhanced liver regeneration and delay the onset of non-acute decompensation. It improved liver clearance of immune complex, dampens neutrophil-mediated inflammation and shifted energy metabolism from glycolysis to OXPHOS. Therefore, early loss of BMSC reserve compromise innate immune function of liver and drive the regeneration failure in cirrhosis. We also provide the proof-of-concept that rejuvenating BM-HSC reserve as putative therapeutic approach to prevent regeneration failure in cirrhosis.
Role of visceral fat on postoperative complications and relapse in patients with Crohn's disease after ileocecal resection: is it overrated?
Authors: Schineis Christian Hans Wolfgang , Pozios Ioannis , Boubaris Katharina , Weixler Benjamin , Kamphues Carsten , Margonis Georgios Antonios , Kreis Martin Ernst , Strobel Rahel Maria , Beyer Katharina , Seifarth Claudia , Luitjens Jan , Kaufmann David , Lauscher Johannes Christian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
The role of visceral fat in disease development, particularly in Crohn´s disease (CD), is significant, yet its preoperative prognostic value for postoperative complications and CD relapse remains unknown. This study aims to assess the predictive potential of preoperatively measured visceral and subcutaneous fat in postoperative complications and CD recurrence after ileocecal resection (ICR) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Primary endpoint of the study was postoperative anastomotic leakage of the ileocolonic anastomosis, with secondary endpoints evaluating postoperative complications according to the Clavien Dindo classification and CD recurrence at the anastomosis.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 347 CD patients who underwent ICR at our tertiary referral center between 2010 and 2020. From this cohort, 223 patients with available high-quality preoperative MRI scans were included in the study. We recorded patient demographics, postoperative outcomes, and rates of CD recurrence at the anastomosis. To assess adipose tissue distribution, we measured the total fat area (TFA), visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), and abdominal circumference (AC) at the lumbar 3 (L3) level using an established image-analysis method on MRI cross-sectional images. Additionally, we calculated ratios of the aforementioned values.
Results:
None of the radiological variables showed an association with anastomotic leakage (TFA p=0.932, VFA p=0.982, SFA p=0.951, SFA/TFA p=0.422, VFA/TFA p=0.422), postoperative complications’ rate or CD recurrence (TFA p=0.264, VFA p=0.916, SFA p=0.103, SFA/TFA p=0.059, VFA/TFA p=0.059).
Conclusions:
None of the radiological visceral obesity variables were associated with postoperative outcomes or clinical recurrence in CD patients undergoing ICR. Measurement of visceral fat may be a good parameter to evaluate the severity of CD activity but is rather unspecific considering the prediction of possible postoperative complications and CD relapse.
Ultralow overpotential 465 mV: Ni and Fe synergistically promote the conversion of nitrate to ammonia
Authors: Liu Song , Kan Ziwang , Peng Kang-shun , Shi Lei , Chen Mengcheng , Ren Peidong , Hong Yan , Li Siqi , Hung Sung-Fu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) can effectively remove the nitrate from effluent and convert it to usable ammonium. However, the high reaction overpotential and the unclear mechanism hinder the development of NO3RR. In this study, a NiFe nanosheet electrocatalyst is developed and employed as a platform to elucidate the NO3RR reaction mechanism. The as-prepared NiFe electrocatalyst exhibits an ultralow overpotential of 465 mV, and reaches the yield of ammonia 1329.7 µmol cm− 2 h− 1, the Faraday efficiency 96.9% at -0.2 V vs. RHE. In-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman spectrum reveal that Ni is the nitrate adsorption site, where the two-proton transfer step (*NO3-→*NO2-) takes place. Meanwhile, the Fe is the water absorption and dissociation site, which can provide more proton to Ni, promoting the further transformation of *NO2- to NH3.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Novel Pinless Friction Stir Spot Welding for Al 1060 Sheets
Authors: Cao Juyong , Zhang Jun , Xing Yanfeng , Yang Fuyong , Zhang Xiaobing , Xia Peiyun , Ma Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Pinless Friction Stir Spot Welding (P-FSSW) has potential applications in joining ultrathin sheets of thickness 1mm or less. However, two issues namely sheet tearing and weak material intermixing hinder the widespread adoption of P-FSSW in manufacturing fields. This paper proposed the Closed Pinless Friction Stir Spot Welding (CP-FSSW) technique to address these issues. In this study, the CP-FSSW process was performed on Al 1060 alloys, and investigated through experimental observation and numerical modelling. The experimental results show that sound joints without sheet tearing and partially bonded interface defects were achieved. Even a small plunge depth of 0.03 mm resulted in significant deformation of the materials, with the depth of the stir zone being approximately 51 times the plunge depth. Increasing the plunge depth to 0.05 mm or 0.07 mm at a dwelling time of 2 s effectively suppress the formation of hook defect, which was beneficial to the tensile shear load of the joints. Simulations indicate that the morphology of the hook defects at different plunge depth was highly dependent on the effective plastic strain.
An updated two-sample Mendelian randomization study: COVID-19 and pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
Authors: Tang Wanting , Hao Ming 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between COVID-19 and pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (SPE).
Design: Two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Setting: COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative (version R7) and FinnGen consortium (version R9).
Patients: A total of 222978 cases and 6284909 controls are derived from three different COVID phenotypes of the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, 154 cases, and 194266 controls with pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (SPE) from FinnGen.
Intervention (s): None.
Mains Outcome Measure: SPE. Result(s): Genetic predisposition to three different COVID phenotypes of the COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of SPE, their IVW ORs (95% CIs) and P-values are 1.39 (1.00-1.92) and 0.04, 1.88 (1.17-3.02) and 0.008, 6.41 (1.27-32.22) and 0.02, respectively.
Conclusion (s): This study based on genetic data suggests the causal potential of the association between COVID-19 and SPE.
Synergistic Interactions among Vacuum, Solar Heating, and UV Irradiation Enhance the Lethality of Interplanetary Space
Authors: Schuerger Andrew C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

A Planetary Atmospheric Chamber (PAC) was used to create simulations of interplanetary conditions to test spore survival of threeBacillusspp. exposed to interacting conditions of high-vacuum (VAC), simulated solar heating (HEAT), and simulated solar ultraviolet illumination (UV). Synergism was observed among the experimental factors against all threeBacillusspp. tested that suggests increased lethality of HEAT and UV when concomitantly exposed to VAC. The most aggressive biocidal effects were observed for assays with VAC + HEAT + UV conditions run simultaneously over short time-steps. Results were used to predict the accumulation of extremely rapid Sterility Assurance Levels (SALs; def., ‒12 logs of bioburden reduction) measured in a few 10s of min for interplanetary spacecraft. Furthermore, results were extrapolated to predict that approx. 1 x 104SAL exposures might be accumulated for external surfaces on the Europa Clipper spacecraft during a 3.5 year residence time between Venus (0.7 AU) and Mars (1.5 AU) during a series of Venus-Earth-Earth gravity assists (VEEGA trajectory) to Jovian space. The results are applicable to external spacecraft surfaces exposed to direct solar illumination during transits though the inner Solar System. [Submitted to Scientific Reports for peer review on 08-12-23.]
The Outcome of HIV Patients on ART during the War and Siege in a Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia, a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Weledegebriel Migbnesh Gebremedhin , Nigusse Afewerki Tesfahunegn , Gebru Tekae , Haftu Hansa , Gebrehiwet Teklu , Tsegay Niguse , Abera Bisrat Tesfay , Kassahun Eden , Gebrekidan Atsede , Hailu Berhane Yohannes , Kidane Samuel , Desta Rishan Tesfay 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction: HIV remains a serious global health pandemic, especially in developing countries where conflicts and political instabilities have persisted for decades. Although Tigray once had one of Ethiopia's best health systems, it has now completely collapsed due to the devastating two-year war and siege. Not only the lack of food but also the lack of medication has led to a loss of life and increased complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of people living with HIV infection in Tigray.
Method: Health facility-based independent repeated cross-sectional study designs were used to assess the outcome of HIV/AIDS patients during the war and siege in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from October 2022 to November 2022. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were applied. The results are presented with tables and figures.
Results: A total of 440 participants were enrolled in prewar and during the war and siege periods with equal distribution to each. The mean ages were 39 and 41.2 years before and during the war. In this study, 63 (28.6%) in prewar, and 120 (54.5%) during the war and siege period had poor outcome status (p=0.000).
Following the eruption of the war, 68.8% of ART drugs were not available for more than 12 months, and only 10.6% (23/218) and 30.7% (67/218) of the participants took IPT and CPT, respectively. During the crisis, services such as CD4 and viral load determinations were significantly affected (p=000); there were also frequent ART switches and an increased number of missed appointments (p=000).
In prewar, severe malnutrition AOR 3.98 (95% CI-1.04-15.22), viral load determination AOR 0.07 (95% CI-0.03-0.18), and viral load >1000 copies AOR 6.68 (95% CI-2.91-15.32) were found to be associated factors with HIV outcome. During the crisis, AOR 2.56 (95% CI-1.14-5.74), CD4 count above 200 cells/ml AOR 0.27 (95% CI-0.08-0.97), patients on CPT 0.43 (95% CI-0.22-0.85), and frequent ART switches AOR 0.12 (95% CI-0.05-0.28) were the independent factors identified.
Conclusion: The war and siege have led to significantly poor outcome status of HIV patients and disruption of services in HIV care.
Perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of bereavement care in emergency department staff: a descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Peng Yingxin , Zhang Min , Wu Haoming , Mei Tianshu , Zhou Tiantian , Huang Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Bereavement care can alleviate the emotional distress that comes with the loss of a loved one. However, the current situation of bereavement care is not ideal in emergency department, and the lack of knowledge and skills of bereavement care among medical staff is considered to be one of the challenges in bereavement care. The aim of this study was to explore emergency department staff's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of providing bereavement care for unexpected death patients and family members.
Methods
A qualitative descriptive design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between December 2022 and March 2023 with emergency department staff from three hospitals in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, and the interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results
Finally, 15 emergency department staff were included. Three themes were identified from the interview results: perceptions of bereavement care, attitudes towards bereavement care, and care-centered bereavement care practices.
Conclusion
Emergency department staff providers have an incomplete understanding of bereavement care. Bereavement care for family members of unexpected death patients in emergency department is necessary but also has certain obstacles. In the emergency department, the education of emergency department staff should be strengthened and the behavior of bereavement care should be effectively guided.
Testing Theory of Mind in GPT Models and Humans
Authors: Strachan James , Albergo Dalila , Borghini Giulia , Pansardi Oriana , Scaliti Eugenio , Rufo Alessandro , Manzi Guido , Graziano Michael , Becchio Cristina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Interacting with other people involves reasoning about and prediction of others' mental states, or Theory of Mind. This capacity is a distinguishing feature of human cognition but recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT suggest that they may possess some emergent capacity for human-like Theory of Mind. Such claims merit a systematic approach to explore the limits of GPT models' emergent Theory of Mind capacity and compare it against humans. We show that while GPT models show impressive Theory of Mind-like capacity in controlled tests, there are key deviations from human performance that call into question how human-like this capacity is. Specifically, across a battery of Theory of Mind tests, we found that GPT models performed at human levels when recognising indirect requests, false beliefs, and higher-order mental states like misdirection, but were specifically impaired at recognising faux pas. Follow-up studies revealed that this was due to GPT's conservatism in drawing conclusions that humans took to be self-evident. Our results suggest that while GPT may demonstrate the competence for sophisticated mentalistic inference, its lack of embodiment within an action-oriented environment make this capacity qualitatively different from human cognition.