bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life-Span and Multicultural Perspectives
Authors: Achenbach Thomas M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter employs developmental psychopathology and an empirically based paradigm for understanding psychopathology across the life span around the world. Developmental psychopathology conceptualizes maladaptive functioning in relation to developmental periods, sequences, and processes. The empirically based paradigm derives taxonomic constructs from multivariate analyses of assessment data, which have yielded hierarchical models spanning from specific problem items, to empirically derived syndromes, internalizing and externalizing groupings of syndromes, and a general psychopathology (p) dimension. Data are obtained from multiple informants to take account of variations in functioning and informant perspectives. Assessment of population samples in more than 50 societies has supported syndrome and item structures originally derived from US data. Multicultural norms are available for societies with relatively low, intermediate, or high problem scores. Instruments are available in 113 languages for intake and subsequent reassessments and are used in many genetic, longitudinal, and other studies, as reported in more than 11,000 publications from more than 100 societies.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Noordermeer Siri , Oosterlaan Jaap 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from persistent and age-inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, occurring in multiple situations, to such a degree that symptoms have a severely detrimental impact on their daily life functioning or development. Throughout the past three decades, scientific interest in ADHD and knowledge about the disorder have grown exponentially. While a large body of research is available on ADHD, the number of unanswered questions remains substantial. ADHD has proved to be a heterogeneous disorder, causing a difficult challenge for research to create a consistent image of the disorder. Partly due to this heterogeneity, the past decades have been characterized by an increase in questions and concerns about the validity of ADHD and stigmatization of patients diagnosed with the disorder. This chapter covers the prevalence, course, comorbidities, and functional impact of ADHD, as well as diagnosis, treatment, and etiology and risk factors of the disorder. The heterogeneity and complexity of ADHD are key issues, and an extensive and critical overview of current knowledge of the disorder is provided.
Role of the 5′ end phosphorylation state for small RNA stability and target RNA regulation in bacteria
Authors: Schilder Alexandra , Görke Boris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In enteric bacteria, several small RNAs (sRNAs) including MicC employ endoribonuclease RNase E to stimulate target RNA decay. A current model proposes that interaction of the sRNA 5′ monophosphate (5′P) with the N-terminal sensing pocket of RNase E allosterically activates cleavage of the base-paired target in the active site. In vivo evidence supporting this model is lacking. Here, we engineered a genetic tool allowing us to generate 5′ monophosphorylated sRNAs of choice in a controllable manner in the cell. Four sRNAs were tested and none performed better in target destabilization when 5′ monophosphorylated. MicC retains full activity even when RNase E is defective in 5′P sensing, whereas regulation is lost upon removal of its scaffolding domain. Interestingly, sRNAs MicC and RyhB that originate with a 5′ triphosphate group are dramatically destabilized when 5′ monophosphorylated, but stable when in 5′ triphosphorylated form. In contrast, the processing-derived sRNAs CpxQ and SroC, which carry 5′P groups naturally, are highly stable. Thus, the 5′ phosphorylation state determines stability of naturally triphosphorylated sRNAs, but plays no major role for target RNA destabilization in vivo. In contrast, the RNase E C-terminal half is crucial for MicC-mediated ompD decay, suggesting that interaction with Hfq is mandatory.
Oncogenic long noncoding RNA LINC02283 enhances PDGF receptor A-mediated signaling and drives glioblastoma tumorigenesis
Authors: Goenka Anshika , Song Xiao , Tiek Deanna , Iglesia Rebeca Piatniczka , Lu Minghui , Zeng Chang , Horbinski Craig , Zhang Wei , Hu Bo , Cheng Shi-Yuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the etiology of complex diseases and cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). However, lncRNA-based therapies are limited because the mechanisms of action of many lncRNAs with their binding partners are not completely understood.MethodsWe used transcriptomic and genomic data to analyze correlations between LINC02283 and PDGFRA (platelet-derived growth factor receptor A). The biological functions of the novel lncRNA were assessed in vivo using patient-derived glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), and orthotopic GBM xenografts. Immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, RNA pull down, crosslinked RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and antisense oligo-mediated knockdown were performed to explore the regulation of LINC02283 on PDGFRA signaling. Expression of LINC02283 in clinical samples was assessed using pathologically diagnosed GBM patient samples.ResultsWe identified a novel oncogenic lncRNA, LINC02283, that is highly expressed in the PDGFRA mutation-driven cohort of glioma patients and associated with worse prognosis. LINC02283 gene co-amplifies with the PDGFRA locus and shows high correlation with PDGFRA expression. Deprivation of LINC02283 in GSCs with PDGFRA amplification mutation, attenuated tumorigenicity and enhanced survival in orthotopic GBM xenograft models, while overexpression of LINC02283 in GSCs with wild-type PDGFRA, enhances PDGFRA signaling, and decreases survival. Further, LINC02283 interacts with PDGFRA to enhance its signaling and that of its downstream targets AKT and ERK, thus promoting oncogenesis in GBM.ConclusionsOur results provide strong evidence of LINC02283 as a regulator of PDGFRA oncogenic activity and GBM malignancy and support the potential of lncRNAs as possible therapeutic targets.
Niraparib with Abiraterone Acetate and Prednisone for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Phase II QUEST Study Results
Authors: Chi Kim N , Fleshner Neil , Chiuri Vincenzo Emanuele , Van Bruwaene Siska , Hafron Jason , McNeel Douglas G , De Porre Peter , Maul Raymond Scott , Daksh Mahesh , Zhong Xiaogang , Mason Gary E , Tutrone Ronald F 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Niraparib (NIRA) is a highly selective inhibitor of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, PARP1 and PARP2, which play a role in DNA repair. The phase II QUEST study evaluated NIRA combinations in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were positive for homologous recombination repair gene alterations and had progressed on 1 prior line of novel androgen receptor-targeted therapy. Results from the combination of NIRA with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, which disrupts androgen axis signaling through inhibition of CYP17, showed promising efficacy and a manageable safety profile in this patient population.
Prescribing Characteristics of Octreotide Immediate-Release and Long-Acting Release in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Cheng Yue , Anthony Lowell , Delcher Chris , Moga Daniela C , Chauhan Aman , Huang Bin , Adams Val 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Treatment recommendations for patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) include the use of octreotide long-acting release (LAR) for long-term therapy and immediate-release (IR) as rescue therapy to control the breakthrough symptoms of carcinoid syndrome (CS). High doses of LAR are commonly used in clinical practice. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world utilization of LAR and preceding IR use at the prescription and patient levels.

Methods
We used an administrative claims database (2009-2018) containing privately insured enrollees. We calculated the normalized LAR dose from pharmacy claims and the initial mean IR daily dose at the prescription level. At the patient level, we conducted a retrospective cohort study that included patients continuously enrolled with ≥1 pharmacy claim of LAR and evaluated the frequency and the clinical reason for dose escalation of LAR. The definition of the above-label maximum dose of LAR was ≥30 mg/4 weeks.

Results
Nineteen percent of LAR prescriptions had an above-label maximum dose. Only 7% of LAR prescriptions had preceding IR use. There were 386 patients with NETs or CS vs. 570 with an unknown diagnosis. Comparing patients with NETs or CS to those with an unknown diagnosis, 22.3% vs. 11.0 % experienced dose escalations and 29.0% vs. 26.6% had IR use before dose escalation, respectively. LAR dose escalation occurred in 50.9% vs. 39.2% for symptom control, 12.3% vs. 7.1% for tumor progression control, and 16.6% vs. 6.0% for both reasons in NETs/CS and unknown groups, respectively.

Conclusion
Octreotide LAR dosing above the label-maximum dose is common and IR rescue dosing appears to be underutilized.
The trans-zeatin-type side-chain modification of cytokinins controls rice growth
Authors: Kiba Takatoshi , Mizutani Kahori , Nakahara Aimi , Takebayashi Yumiko , Kojima Mikiko , Hobo Tokunori , Osakabe Yuriko , Osakabe Keishi , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs), a class of phytohormones with vital roles in growth and development, occur naturally with various side-chain structures, including N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine-, cis-zeatin- and trans-zeatin (tZ)-types. Recent studies in the model dicot plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have demonstrated that tZ-type CKs are biosynthesized via cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) CYP735A and have a specific function in shoot growth promotion. Although the function of some of these CKs has been demonstrated in a few dicotyledonous plant species, the importance of these variations and their biosynthetic mechanism and function in monocots and in plants with distinctive side-chain profiles other than Arabidopsis, such as rice (Oryza sativa), remain elusive. In this study, we characterized CYP735A3 and CYP735A4 to investigate the role of tZ-type CKs in rice. Complementation test of the Arabidopsis CYP735A-deficient mutant and CK profiling of loss-of-function rice mutant cyp735a3 cyp735a4 demonstrated that CYP735A3 and CYP735A4 encode P450s required for tZ-type side-chain modification in rice. CYP735As are expressed in both roots and shoots. The cyp735a3 cyp735a4 mutants exhibited growth retardation concomitant with reduction in CK activity in both roots and shoots, indicating that tZ-type CKs function in growth promotion of both organs. Expression analysis revealed that tZ-type CK biosynthesis is negatively regulated by auxin, abscisic acid, and CK and positively by dual nitrogen nutrient signals, namely glutamine-related and nitrate-specific signals. These results suggest that tZ-type CKs control the growth of both roots and shoots in response to internal and environmental cues in rice.
Oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and male reproductive potential: an overview
Authors: Mostafa Taymour , Alghobary Moheiddin , Hanafy Noha S , Abosief Ahmed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is), due to their efficacy and tolerable profile for more than 2 decades,are considered a good addition to the available treatments in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).AimWe sought to assess the possible influence of oral PDE5Is on male human reproduction.MethodsA literature review was performed in several databases, including the PubMed/Medline database, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, and Egyptian Knowledge Bank databases. The keywords/search terms were “PDE5Is,” “sildenafil,” “vardenafil,” “tadalafil,” or “avanafil,” combining and crossing them with “male infertility,” “semen,” “reproductive hormones,” or “sperm.”ResultsOverall, 101 articles were selected. After removal of duplicates and animal studies, 75 articles were finally subjected to review covering the different items related to male human reproduction, including effects of PDE5Is on different parameters of semen or reproductive hormones, as uses of PDE5Is in cases related to distinctive male factor infertility, such as ED, temporary ED, or ejaculatory failure alongside assisted reproduction (AR) procedures, and ejaculatory dysfunction in spinal cord lesions. We found 26 articles that addressed the direct effects of PDE5Is on semen and reproductive hormonal profiles, 16 in vivo studies and 10 in vitro studies. Oral PDE5Is have in general a stimulatory effect on sperm motility, while other semen parameters and reproductive hormonal profiles showed varied outcomes. Such effects are more pronounced with a long-term daily regimen than with an on-demand regimen. However, it seems that the best-controlled studies suggested no change in the sperm quality of male reproductive potential.ConclusionOral PDE5Is have in general stimulatory effects on sperm motility, while other semen parameters and hormone profiles showed varied results. In addition, oral PDE5Is have played a useful role in conditions related to distinctive male factor infertility, such as ED, temporary ED, ejaculatory failure alongside AR, and ejaculatory dysfunction in spinal cord lesions.
Reducing Central Line Utilization by Peripherally Infusing Vasopressors
Authors: Coyer Ben , Carlucci Melissa 
Published: March 2023

Background
Central line–associated bloodstream infection is a preventable contributor to excess death and excess cost in the health care system. Vasopressor infusion is one of the primary reasons for central line placement. In the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at an academic medical center, there was no standard practice for peripheral versus central infusion of vasopressors.

Objective
The objective of this quality improvement project was to implement an evidence-based, nurse-driven protocol to guide the peripheral infusion of vasopressors. The goal was to reduce central line utilization by 10%.

Methods
Education on the protocol was provided to the MICU nurses, MICU residents, and crisis nurses, followed by a 16-week implementation period. Nursing staff were also surveyed preimplementation and postimplementation of the protocol.

Results
Central line utilization was reduced by 37.9%, and there were no central line–associated bloodstream infections recorded during project implementation. Most of the nursing staff indicated that use of the protocol increased their confidence in administering vasopressors without a central line. No significant extravasation events occurred.

Discussion
Although a causal link between implementation of this protocol and reduction of central line utilization cannot be established, the reduction is clinically meaningful given the known risks of central lines. Increased nursing staff confidence also provides support for continued use of the protocol.

Conclusion
A nurse-driven protocol to guide the peripheral infusion of vasopressors can be effectively implemented into nursing practice.
Developing a Decision Pathway for Family Presence During Resuscitation
Authors: Tennyson Carolina Dimsdale , Oliver John P. , Jooste Karen Roussel 
Published: March 2023

Background
The standard of care for family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) is evolving, and leading organizations collectively recommend establishing institutional policy for its practice. Although FPDR is supported at this single institution, the process was not standardized.

Methods
An interprofessional group authored a decision pathway to standardize the care of families during inpatient code blue events at one institution. The pathway was reviewed and applied in code blue simulation events to highlight the role of the family facilitator and the importance of interprofessional teamwork skills.

Results
The decision pathway is a patient-centered algorithm that promotes safety and family autonomy. Pathway recommendations are shaped by current literature, expert consensus, and existing institutional regulations. An on-call chaplain responds to all code blue events as the family facilitator and conducts assessments and decision making per the pathway. Clinical considerations include patient prioritization, family safety, sterility, and team consensus. One year after implementation, staff felt that it positively affected patient and family care. The frequency of inpatient FPDR did not increase after implementation.

Conclusion
As a result of the decision pathway implementation, FPDR is consistently a safe and coordinated option for patients' family members.
Experience of Health Professionals in Caring for Patients With Chest Trauma
Authors: Al-Jaafreh Ali , Saifan Ahmad Rajeh , Mosleh Sultan M. , Al-Yateem Nabeel , Al-Momani Muwafaq Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

Background
The variation in the implementation of chest trauma (CT) management's guidelines led to inconsistent and mixed experiences toward CT management by the health care team. Moreover, there is a scarcity of studies exploring factors that enhance CT management experiences worldwide and in Jordan.

Objectives
The aims of this study were (1) to explore emergency health professionals' attitudes and experiences toward CT management and (2) to understand factors that affect the care for patients with CTs among emergency health professionals.

Methods
A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted in this study. Individual, semistructured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 30 emergency health professionals (physicians, nurses, and paramedics) from government emergency departments, military, private hospitals, and paramedics from the Civil Defense in Jordan.

Results
The results showed that emergency health professionals had negative attitudes toward caring for patients with CTs due to a lack of knowledge and clarity in their job description and duties assigned to them. Moreover, some organizational and training factors were discussed for their impact on the attitudes of emergency health professionals toward caring for patients with CTs.

Conclusions
Lack of knowledge, absence of clear guidelines and job descriptions for dealing with traumas, and lack of continuous training on caring for patients with CTs were the most common reasons for negative attitudes. These findings can assist stakeholders, managers, and organizational leaders in understanding health care challenges and provoke a more focused strategic plan to diagnose and treat patients with CT.
Prevalence and awareness of Hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: January 2017 - March 2020
Authors: Bixler Danae , Barker Laurie , Lewis Karon , Peretz Lauren , Teshale Eyasu 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Prevalence and awareness of HBV infection are important national indicators of progress toward hepatitis B elimination.

Methods:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants were examined for laboratory evidence of HBV infection (positive antibody to HBcAg and HBsAg), and interviewed to determine awareness of HBV infection. Estimates of HBV infection prevalence and awareness were calculated for the US population.

Findings:
Among National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants aged 6 years and older evaluated from January 2017 through March 2020, an estimated 0.2% had HBV infection; of these 50% were aware of their infection.
Renal transplantation: the last iteration of the rest of the world
Authors: Bradbrook Keighly , Gauntt Katrina , Klassen David 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Renal transplantation systems across the world aim to achieve an optimal balance between fair access to deceased donor kidney transplants (equity) and efficient use of organs (utility). Kidney allocation systems are measured across a host of metrics, and there is no single agreed upon definition of success, which looks different for each system depending on the desired balance between equity and utility. This article evaluates the United States renal transplantation system's efforts to balance equity and utility while drawing comparisons to other national systems.

Recent findings
The United States renal transplantation system is expected to undergo major changes with the transition to a continuous distribution framework. The continuous distribution framework removes geographic boundaries and takes a flexible and transparent approach to balancing equity and utility. The framework leverages transplant professionals and community members input with mathematical optimization strategies to inform weighting of patient factors to allocate deceased donor kidneys.

Summary
The United States’ proposed continuous allocation framework lays the groundwork for a system allowing transparent balancing of equity and utility. This system approach addresses issues common to those in many other countries.
The use of a laminar spreader for the reduction of extra-articular distal radius fractures: A technical trick
Authors: Taha Tarek A. 
Published: March 2023

Summary:
Extra-articular distal radius fractures are often accompanied with shortening, loss of radial height, and radial displacement of the articular segment relative to the shaft of the radius, all seen in the coronal plane. Reduction can be somewhat challenging when reliance on traction and ligamentotaxis fails, especially in subacute or osteoporotic fractures. In this technical report, we describe a technique where application of a laminar spreader between the radius and the ulna in the metaphyseal region can easily reduce the fracture and help attain anatomic alignment in the coronal plane. An acute and a subacute fracture are shown for illustration of the technique.
Personalizing digital pain management with adapted machine learning approach
Authors: Fundoiano-Hershcovitz Yifat , Pollak Keren , Goldstein Pavel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Digital therapeutics (DT) emerged and has been expanding rapidly for pain management. However, the efficacy of such approaches demonstrates substantial heterogeneity. Machine learning (ML) approaches provide a great opportunity for personalizing the efficacy of DT. However, the ML model accuracy is mainly associated with reduced clinical interpretability. Moreover, classical ML models are not adapted for the longitudinal nature of the DT follow-up data, which may also include nonlinear fluctuations.

Objectives:
This study presents an analytical framework for personalized pain management using piecewise mixed-effects model trees, considering the data dependencies, nonlinear trajectories, and boosting model interpretability.

Methods:
We demonstrated the implementation of the model with posture biofeedback training data of 3610 users collected during 8 weeks. The users reported their pain levels and posture quality. We developed personalized models for nonlinear time-related fluctuations of pain levels, posture quality, and weekly training duration using age, gender, and body mass index as potential moderating factors.

Results:
Pain levels and posture quality demonstrated strong improvement during the first 3 weeks of the training, followed by a sustained pattern. The age of the users moderated the time fluctuations in pain levels, whereas age and gender interactively moderated the trajectories in the posture quality. Train duration increased during the first 3 weeks only for older users, whereas all the users decreased the training duration during the next 5 weeks.

Conclusions:
This analytical framework offers an opportunity for investigating the personalized efficacy of digital therapeutics for pain management, taking into account users' characteristics and boosting interpretability and can benefit from including more users' characteristics.