bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of orthodontic-surgical treatment on facial expressions—a four-dimensional clinical trial
Authors: Quast Anja , Sadlonova Monika , Asendorf Thomas , Derad Carlotta , Mouchoux Jérémy , Horn Julia , Schliephake Henning , Kauffmann Philipp , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this clinical trial was to compare facial expressions (magnitude, shape change, time, and symmetry) before (T0) and after (T1) orthognathic surgery by implementing a novel method of four-dimensional (4D) motion capture analysis, known as videostereophotogrammetry, in orthodontics.

Methods
This prospective, single-centre, single-arm trial included a total of 26 adult patients (mean age 28.4 years; skeletal class II: n = 13, skeletal class III: n = 13) with indication for orthodontic-surgical treatment. Two reproducible facial expressions (maximum smile, lip purse) were captured at T0 and T1 by videostereophotogrammetry as 4D face scan. The magnitude, shape change, symmetry, and time of the facial movements were analysed. The motion changes were analysed in dependence of skeletal class and surgical movements.

Results
4D motion capture analysis was feasible in all cases. The magnitude of the expression maximum smile increased from 15.24 to 17.27 mm (p = 0.002), while that of the expression lip purse decreased from 9.34 to 8.31 mm (p = 0.01). Shape change, symmetry, and time of the facial movements did not differ significantly pre- and postsurgical. The changes in facial movements following orthodontic-surgical treatment were observed independently of skeletal class and surgical movements.

Conclusions
Orthodontic-surgical treatment not only affects static soft tissue but also soft tissue dynamics while smiling or lip pursing.

Clinical relevance
To achieve comprehensive orthodontic treatment plans, the integration of facial dynamics via videostereophotogrammetry provides a promising approach in diagnostics.

Trial registration number
DRKS00017206.
A simple method for convex optimization in the oracle model
Authors: Dadush Daniel , Hojny Christopher , Huiberts Sophie , Weltge Stefan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe give a simple and natural method for computing approximately optimal solutions for minimizing a convex function f over a convex set K given by a separation oracle. Our method utilizes the Frank–Wolfe algorithm over the cone of valid inequalities of K and subgradients of f. Under the assumption that f is L-Lipschitz and that K contains a ball of radius r and is contained inside the origin centered ball of radius R, using $$O\left( \frac{(RL)^2}{\varepsilon ^2} \cdot \frac{R^2}{r^2}\right) $$

O

(
R
L
)

2

ε
2

·

R
2

r
2

iterations and calls to the oracle, our main method outputs a point $$x \in K$$

x
∈
K

satisfying $$f(x) \le \varepsilon + \min _{z \in K} f(z)$$

f

(
x
)

≤
ε
+

min

z
∈
K

f

(
z
)

. Our algorithm is easy to implement, and we believe it can serve as a useful alternative to existing cutting plane methods. As evidence towards this, we show that it compares favorably in terms of iteration counts to the standard LP based cutting plane method and the analytic center cutting plane method, on a testbed of combinatorial, semidefinite and machine learning instances.
Effectiveness of hand-hygiene interventions in reducing illness-related absence in educational settings in high income countries: systematic review and behavioural analysis
Authors: Hoyle Emily , Davies Henrietta , Bourhill Jana , Roberts Nia , Lee Joseph J. , Albury Charlotte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aim
Control of infection is important to prevent school absence. We aimed to review hand-hygiene interventions in high income countries aiming to reduce gastrointestinal and upper-respiratory tract infection-related absence in educational settings, and identify which intervention components are effective.

Subject and methods
A systematic review and meta-analysis. Interventions were coded according to Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Education Resource Information Centre, Science and Social Sciences Citation Index and the British Education Index from 1 September 2014 to 25 May 2022, papers included in a 2014 review by Willmott et al., and hand-searching reference lists of included studies. We also searched for, and coded, relevant international guidelines on hand-hygiene.

Results
We screened 1653 papers, including 11 papers from 9 studies. Meta-analysis showed that school-based interventions significantly reduced respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infection-related absence (relative rate ratio 0.754; 95% confidence interval 0.602 to 0.944). Evidence from subgroup analysis supports the use of more than seven behaviour change techniques, targeting both adults and children, and providing information on the risks of inadequate hand-hygiene as well as instruction. The effectiveness of individual behaviour change techniques could not be determined. We found no evidence to support the interventions currently recommended in a range of international guidelines.

Conclusion
School-based hand-hygiene interventions are effective in reducing infection-related absence. There is some evidence that the number and type of behaviour change techniques used in interventions is important in increasing intervention success.
Intensive topical steroid regimen for enhanced very early recovery after small incision lenticule extraction
Authors: Lin Qinghong , Shen Zhengwei , Zhou Xingtao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to investigate the topical steroid regimen after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for its effect on very early restoration of visual quality.

Methods
A total of 180 patients (360 eyes) who underwent SMILE were enrolled. These patients were randomly assigned to three groups, with 60 patients in each group. The only difference among these three groups was the administration of 0.1% fluorometholone (FML) eye drops within two hours after SMILE: no FML in group A, 0.1% FML once every hour in group B and 0.1% FML once every half hour in group C. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), objective scattering index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, Strehl ratio (SR) and incidence of subjective symptoms were evaluated preoperatively, at 2, 4 and 24 h and one week after SMILE.

Results
The CDVA, MTF cut-off and SR values were significantly higher in group C, when compared to the other two groups, at 2 and 4 h after SMILE (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the OSI and incidence of subjective symptoms were significantly lower in group C, when compared to the other two groups, at 2 and 4 h after SMILE (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in CDVA, MTF cut-off, SR, OSI and the incidence of subjective symptoms were detected among the three groups at 24 h and one week after SMILE (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The administration of 0.1% FML eye drops every half hour within two hours after SMILE accelerates the restoration of visual and optical quality, and reduces the incidence of subjective symptoms during the very early phase after surgery.
Exploring medication safety structures and processes in nursing homes: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Favez Lauriane , Zúñiga Franziska , Meyer-Massetti Carla 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Medication safety is important to limit adverse events for nursing home residents. Several factors, such as interprofessional collaboration with pharmacists and medication reviews, have been shown in the literature to influence medication safety processes.

Aim
This study had three main objectives: (1) To assess how facility- and unit-level organization and infrastructure are related to medication use processes; (2) To determine the extent of medication safety-relevant processes; and (3) To explore pharmacies’ and pharmacists’ involvement in nursing homes’ medication-related processes.

Method
Cross-sectional multicenter survey data (2018–2019) from a convenience sample of 118 Swiss nursing homes were used. Data were collected on facility and unit characteristics, pharmacy services, as well as medication safety-related structures and processes. Descriptive statistics were used.

Results
Most of the participating nursing homes (93.2%) had electronic resident health record systems that supported medication safety in various ways (e.g., medication lists, interaction checks). Electronic data exchanges with outside partners such as pharmacies or physicians were available for fewer than half (10.2–46.3%, depending on the partner). Pharmacists collaborating with nursing homes were mainly involved in logistical support. Medication reviews were reportedly conducted regularly in two-thirds of facilities.

Conclusion
A high proportion of Swiss nursing homes have implemented diverse processes and structures that support medication use and safety for residents; however, their collaboration with pharmacists remains relatively limited.
Urban growth and loss of green spaces in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo and Mexico City: effects of land-cover changes on climate and water flow regulation
Authors: de Lima Gabriela Narcizo , Fonseca-Salazar Ma. Alejandra , Campo Julio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUrban green spaces provide ecosystem services that directly or indirectly benefit people, however, urban growth (especially in developing countries) generates the loss of these green areas and consequently of their ecosystem services. This paper aims to present the effects of land use and land cover changes in the last 30 years on two basic urban ecosystem services, water flow regulation and local and regional climate in two of main Latin American megacities (São Paulo and Mexico City). The study focuses on urban green spaces because they reduce the urban heat island effects, improve air quality, create habitats for biodiversity conservation, provide cultural services, and contribute to flooding prevention and groundwater conservation. A spatial analysis with the aid of geographic information systems was performed to assess (i) the urbanization process of the Metropolitan Areas of both cities over time; (ii) how this process generated changes in the land cover in both metropolises, and (iii) how these changes caused environmental negative impacts on ecosystem services. The loss of green areas as a consequence of urban expansion in the Metropolitan Areas of São Paulo and Mexico City changed the spatial distribution of urban heat island and increased the surface runoff, generating floods during the rainy periods. Our results suggest the urgent need for implementation of ecosystem-based spatial planning and ecological restoration of urban green areas in both studied cities to prevent further losses in ecosystem services and to improve the quality of life of urban inhabitants.
Smartphone-based thermography to determine shunt patency in patients with hydrocephalus
Authors: Harhangi B. S. , Voigt I. , Damee N. , Gadjradj P. S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
When shunt dysfunction is suspected, radiation exposure due to X-rays or a CT-scan is inevitable. Less-invasive and more reliable methods are warranted. In this study, we aimed to assess the usability of smartphone-based thermography to detect shunt patency in patients with hydrocephalus.

Methods
This prospective observational pilot study evaluated the use of smartphone-based video thermography to detect flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the shunt of 51 patients from the Department of Neurosurgery at a tertiary referral institute. Patients with a shunt for hydrocephalus without the suspect of dysfunction were included in the study from December 2021 to May 2022.

Results
We included 51 patients with a mean age of 53.3 years. Of these patients 14 were male (27.5%) and 37 were female (72.5%). The most frequent cause of the hydrocephalus was the normal pressure hydrocephalus followed by the congenital hydrocephalus. Most patients (96%) had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, whereas two had a ventriculo-atrial shunt. In total, 43 patient (84%) had a shunt on the right side and 8 patient (16%) had the shunt located on the left side. In 45 patients (88.2%), we observed a clear flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the cooled shunt trajectory.

Conclusions
The findings of this study indicate that in patients with a shunt to treat hydrocephalus, the smartphone-based video thermography may be a safe and simple alternative to show shunt patency without the exposure to radiation.
Injectable and Cell-Laden Hydrogel in the Contained Bone Defect Animal Model: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Chaoxin , Min Shuyuan , Tian Yun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground:Due to its high water content and biomimetic properties simulating extracellular matrix (ECM), hydrogels have been used as preferred cell culture and delivery systems. Similarly, cell-loaded hydrogels can be easily injected into target areas in a minimally invasive manner, minimizing surgical trauma, adapting to irregular shaped defects, and benefiting patients. In this study, we systematically reviewed multiple studies on hydrogel-based bone defect research and briefly summarized the progress of injectable and cell-loaded hydrogels in bone defect repair.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using selected search terms.Results:Initially, 185 articles were retrieved from the databases. After full-text screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 articles were included in this systematic review. Data collected from each study included culture model, seed cell type and origin, cell concentration, scaffold material, scaffold shape, experimental animal and site, bioactive agents, and binding method. This injectable and cell-loaded hydrogel shows certain feasibility in bone tissue engineering applications.Conclusion:Injectable and cell-loaded hydrogels have been widely applied in bone tissue engineering research. The future direction of bone tissue engineering for bone defect treatment involves the use of new hydrogel materials and biochemical stimulation.
On a family of higher order recurrence relations: symmetries, formula solutions, periodicity and stability analysis
Authors: Folly-Gbetoula Mensah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we present formula solutions of a family of difference equations of higher order. We discuss the periodic nature of the solutions and we investigate the stability character of the equilibrium points. We utilize Lie symmetry analysis as part of our approach together with some number theoretic functions. Our findings generalize certain results in the literature.
The Role of Automotive Flexibility in Supporting the Diffusion of Sustainable Mobility Initiatives: A Stakeholder Attitudes Assessment
Authors: D’Adamo Idiano , Gastaldi Massimo , Piccioni Jacopo , Rosa Paolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEven if the European Commission is acting against the climate change, greenhouse gas emissions are still increasing in the transport sector. In this scenario, the flexibility characterizing the automotive sectors could invert this negative trend. The goal of this work is identifying suitable methodologies to evaluate flexible initiatives in automotive contexts, with a specific focus on sustainable mobility and electric vehicles (EVs). The results show that stakeholders identify purchase price as a determinant in the choice to purchase an EV, while for a model toward a sustainable e-mobility transition, experts place emphasis on renewable energy production and consumers on charging stations. A flexible approach in policy choices is also suggested in order to foster a pragmatic sustainability model in which the deployment of EVs is accompanied by green and circular practices. However, such change also requires attention to be paid to the social sphere with job creation and a spread of consumer knowledge toward sustainable choices.
Competitive Redox Chemistries in Vanadium Niobium Oxide for Ultrafast and Durable Lithium Storage
Authors: Ding Xiaobo , Lin Jianhao , Huang Huiying , Zhao Bote , Xiong Xunhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNiobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) anodes have gained increasing attentions for high-power lithium-ion batteries owing to the outstanding rate capability and high safety. However, Nb2O5 anode suffers poor cycle stability even after modified and the unrevealed mechanisms have restricted the practical applications. Herein, the over-reduction of Nb5+ has been demonstrated to be the critical reason for the capacity loss for the first time. Besides, an effective competitive redox strategy has been developed to solve the rapid capacity decay of Nb2O5, which can be achieved by the incorporation of vanadium to form a new rutile VNbO4 anode. The highly reversible V3+/V2+ redox couple in VNbO4 can effectively inhibit the over-reduction of Nb5+. Besides, the electron migration from V3+ to Nb5+ can greatly increase the intrinsic electronic conductivity for VNbO4. As a result, VNbO4 anode delivers a high capacity of 206.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, as well as remarkable cycle performance with a retention of 93.4% after 2000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1. In addition, the assembled lithium-ion capacitor demonstrates a high energy density of 44 Wh kg−1 at 5.8 kW kg−1. In summary, our work provides a new insight into the design of ultra-fast and durable anodes.
Academic Women Co-designing Education Futures in a Postdigital World
Authors: Brown Cheryl , Huber Elaine , Bone Elisa , Gribble Lynn , Lys Isabelle , Dickson-Deane Camille , Yu Ping , Markauskaite Lina , Campbell Chris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper draws on the collective knowledge-building of nine women from diverse disciplines, roles, cultures, and institutions in Australasian women in leadership programme. Brought together during Covid-19 through a shared interest and purpose concerning current and future developments in digital education, we offer knowledge and insight from our perspective as women leaders in academia, on co-designing futures in a postdigital world. Drawing on a duoethnographic research design, we reflected on our experiences as academic leaders and practitioners to systematically explore people, situations, and contexts through co-construction and dialogue. Our joint exploration uncovered themes of visibility, gravitas, and relationships. We provide evidence of the role co-design plays in our own practices, in our classrooms, and how our research design was strengthened through co-design. Finally, we offer an evolving model of co-design for leadership in higher education with communities of practice at its core.
Microbe-mediated nanoparticle intervention for the management of plant diseases
Authors: Ahmed Temoor , Luo Jinyan , Noman Muhammad , Ijaz Munazza , Wang Xiao , Masood Hafiza Ayesha , Manzoor Natasha , Wang Yanli , Li Bin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPlant diseases are caused by various pathogenic microorganisms, leading to substantial economic losses and food insecurity worldwide. However, the extensive use of chemical-based nanopesticides has adverse effects on plants, soil, and environmental systems. There is increasing interest in developing eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to manage plant diseases. Recently, microbe-mediated nanoparticles (NPs) as nanopesticides have attracted the interest of cultivators, specifically in plant disease management, compared to traditional physical and chemical approaches. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art formulations of nanopesticides by using microorganisms against bacterial and fungal phytopathogens. The article discusses the various mechanisms through which these microbes contribute to the enhanced effectiveness of NPs, including the production of bioactive compounds, improved nanoparticle synthesis, and the facilitation of targeted delivery. The review also highlights the advantages of using microbe-mediated nanopesticides, such as reduced environmental toxicity, increased biodegradability, and the potential to manage pesticide-resistant pathogens. Overall, the use of microbe-mediated NPs is an inexpensive, reliable, and eco-friendly approach for plant disease management.
Morbidity compression and cancer insurance
Authors: Wang Hsin-Chung , Yue Jack C. , Chang Ting-Chung , Chang Ting-Chen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCancer is among the leading causes of death in the world, with about 10 million deaths, one in every six deaths, related to cancer in 2020. In Taiwan, cancer insurance is the most popular commercial health product. However, the loss ratio of cancer products increases with policy year and exceeds 100% in many insurance companies. In addition, almost all cancer benefits are significantly limited in order to avoid financial insolvency. In this study, we evaluate the risk of cancer insurance from the perspective of morbidity compression. We use the data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. Also, we apply the standardized mortality ratio and the Lee-Carter model to estimate the trend of cancer-related values. We find that cancer incidence rates gradually increase with time, which indicates that the assumption of morbidity compression is violated. On the other hand, the mortality rates of cancer patients decrease significantly annually. Thus, length of life with cancer increases, and so does the cancer insurance premium. We suggest that cancer insurance covers only the first five years of medical expenditure after the insured is diagnosed with cancer.
Extortion, Civic Action, and Political Participation among Guatemalan Deportees
Authors: Denny Elaine K. , Dow David , Levy Gabriella , Villamizar-Chaparro Mateo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHow do deported migrants engage in civic and political life after being forcibly returned to their home countries? Do experiences during the migration journey impact how deportees (re)engage? We explore how extortion experienced during migration alters political and civic engagement preferences. We utilize a multi-method approach combining original survey data of Guatemalans deported from the United States and a series of qualitative deportee interviews. We find that extortion during migration has a significant direct effect on increased citizen engagement. Economic hardship exacerbated by extortion may mediate this effect. Overall, extortion experienced while migrating has long-term financial consequences for deportees, with implications for their reintegration and the broader health of civic institutions in their home countries.
A Latin Alphabet for the Arabic Language: Romanizing Arabic in Late Nineteenth-Century Egypt and Beyond
Authors: Verlato Olga 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article explores early attempts to romanize the Arabic language in late nineteenth and early twentieth-century Egypt and situates them within a global history of script reforms in the modern period. I focus on the models to write Arabic in the Latin script developed by the Cairo-based magazine al-Muqtataf between 1889 and 1897 (which, to the extent of my knowledge, have never been examined before), relating them to the responses they elicited from the magazine's readers and some of the romanization practices found in advertising, commercial displays in the streets, and governance at the time. I demonstrate that, in this period, romanized Arabic was envisioned as an original way to pursue financial profit and technological efficiency, confront European knowledge production, and redefine the standing of Arabic within transregional publishing networks that encompassed different languages and alphabets. This analysis thus offers an alternative geography of script reform that supersedes the national framework.