bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Restriction of Complement-Mediated Membrane Damage by the Eighth Component of Complement: A Dual Role for C8 in the Complement Attack Sequence
Authors: Nemerow Glen R. , Yamamoto Ken-Ichi , Lint Thomas F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Inhibitors of the fluid phase complex were examined in serum from which the lipoproteins had been removed. A limited number of these nonlipoprotein inhibitors were observed, and one was shown to be C8 by several criteria. The inhibitory activity exhibited numerous physiochemical similarities to C8 including identical chromatographic profiles on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and QAE-Sephadex ion exchange columns as well as an indistinguishable m.w. as determined by molecular-sieve chromatography and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. In addition, serum from a patient genetically deficient in C8 was shown to lack the inhibitory activity that co-purified with C8 in normal serum.
Subsequent purification of C8 by established methods verified that these activities were indeed due to the same molecule and furthermore that the inhibitory activity was not due to inactive C8, thus establishing a new function for this C component. A comparison of the inhibitory activity of C8 with its hemolytic effeciency revealed that very small amounts were required for both activities, although higher amounts of C8 were required for inhibition of formation than for lysis of preformed EAC1-7 in the presence of excess C9.
Experiments employing purified and radiolabeled C7 indicated that C8 limited the formation of intermediates by preventing the attachment of the fluid phase complexes to target membranes. In addition, the inhibitory activity of C8 could be counteracted by the simultaneous addition of C56̅ and C7 but not by the addition of either component alone, verifying that C8 restricts formation by interacting with the nascent complex in the fluid phase. The ability of C8 to limit the attachment of fluid phase , while being required for the lysis of cells already bearing , suggests a dual role for C8 in complement-mediated cytolysis and thus represents a point of internal regulation in the complement attack sequence.
Immunity to the T1699 Murine Mammary Tumor
Authors: Parthenais Elaine , Haskill Stephen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The thymus dependency of humoral immunity to syngeneic tumor antigens was investigated in T cell-deficient DBA/2 mice. ATXBM animals bearing the T1699 mammary tumor in the subcutaneous abdominal area displayed normal immediate but not delayed hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) to 3 M KCl-extracted T1699 antigens injected into the footpad. Sera from ATXBM tumor-bearers passively transferred immediate hypersensitivity but failed to support tumor-specific macrophage-mediated ADCC reactions. The synthesis of macrophage-mediated ADCC antibody was greatly reduced in the CXBM animals when compared to nonirradiated tumor-bearers. The CXBM mice, however, showed normal T cell function as measured by allograft rejection, antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, and DHR to T1699 antigens. Of all antibody classes and subclasses tested by indirect membrane fluorescence, only IgG2b was found to be produced at normal levels by either ATXBM or CXBM tumor-bearers. The results show that IgG2b antibody production in response to T1699 syngeneic tumor antigens is thymus independent and suggest that this antibody is the mediator of immediate hypersensitivity. The synthesis of macrophage-mediated ADCC antibody (IgG2a) was found to be not only thymus dependent but also sensitive to the long-term effects of irradiation and bone marrow repopulation.
Immunochemistry of Salmonella O-Antigens: Specificity of Rabbit Antibodies against the O-Antigen 4 Determinant Elicited by Whole Bacteria and O-Antigen 4 Specific Saccharide-Protein Conjugates
Authors: Jörbeck Hans J. A. , Svenson Stefan B. , Lindberg Alf A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In two precipitating systems using the O-antigenic polysaccharide (PS) from Salmonella typhimurium as antigen and BO antiserum (anti-O4 and -O12 specificities) or O4 antiserum, the octasaccharide

was the best inhibitor. In order of decreasing effectiveness followed:
.
On a molar basis the relative inhibiting activities were 100:45:12.5:0.3:0.1 (BO antiserum) and 100:40:8:0.3:0.1 (O4 antiserum). These data established that the combining sites of antibodies raised by the native bacterial O4 antigen recognize a structure larger than the tetrasacharide but equal to or smaller than the octasaccharide. When the S. typhimurium PS was precipitated with antiserum elicited by immunization with the octasaccharide (see above) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (Os-BSA) the relative inhibitory activities of four of the saccharides (not including methyl-β-abequoside) were 100:30:1.6:0.1. Thus, the combining sites of antibodies elicited by the Os-BSA conjugate recognized structures close or equal to those of antibodies raised by whole bacteria (BO and O4 antisera). When the S. typhimurium PS was precipitated with an antiserum elicited by immunization with 3-O-α-abequopyranosyl-D-mannopyranose covalently linked to BSA (AM-BSA) the relative inhibitory activities of the five saccharides were 7.5:17:100:0.6:0.2. Hence, the AM-BSA antibodies had about fifteen times higher affinity for the methyl 3-O-α-abequopyranosyl-α-D-mannopyranoside than for the octasaccharide. The importance of using different sized haptens, e.g., di- or octasaccharides, to elicit antibodies useful for diagnostic or immunoprophylactic purposes is emphasized.
Suppression of Natural Cytotoxicity by Spleen Cells of Hydrocortisone-Treated Mice
Authors: Hochman Paula S. , Cudkowicz Gustavo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The administration of hydrocortisone acetate (Hc) to (C57BL/6 × C3H)F1 or BALB/c mice by two daily i.p. injections (2.5 or 3.75 mg each) caused a substantial but transient reduction of splenic natural killer (NK) cell activity against YAC-1 lymphoma targets. This effect was not dependent on the thymus, since splenic NK activity declined in congenitally athymic BALB/c.nu/nu mice. The cytotoxic activity lowered in vivo by Hc could be partially restored in vitro simply by removing a subpopulation of cells adherent to, or phagocytic for, carbonyl particles. Thus, NK cells were reversibly suppressed in the spleens of Hc-treated mice. Despite removal of suppressor cells by carbonyl iron, filtration of splenocytes through Sephadex G-10 columns was ineffective. Moreover, the plastic-adherent, phagocyte-rich subpopulation of splenocytes was not enriched with suppressors. NK cells from untreated mice were suppressed in vitro by irradiated (2000 rads of γ-rays) and nonirradiated splenocytes of Hc-treated donors, and by cell-free superatants in which such cells were incubated.
It thus appears that Hc activated presuppressor spleen cells to become suppressors within 48 hr. The paradox of suppressor cell removal by carbonyl iron but not by other adherence techniques does not allow characterization of such cells as to macrophage or lymphoid (pre-T or non-T) origin.
Adoptive Immunotherapy of Leukemia in the Rat, without Graft-vs-Host Complications
Authors: Westcott Owen , Dorsch Susan , Roser Bruce 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
PVG rats bearing a transplantable T cell leukemia were treated with large inocula of lymphoid cells from AUG rats sensitized either against the leukemia or against PVG lymphocytes. AUG and PVG bear identical Ag-B antigens but differ at minor loci, including the Pta loci, which code for differentiation antigens expressed only on peripheral T lymphocytes. Treatment with AUG cells immune to either the PVG leukemia or normal PVG cells resulted in prolonged survival of leukemia rats, a profound but ephemeral leukopenia and prolonged disappearance of leukemic cells from lymphoid tissue. All treated animals, however, eventually died with large, discrete deposits of leukemic cells in both hard and soft tissues. Despite the deliberate mismatching of host and donor cells for minor transplanation antigens, no evidence of GVH symptoms was observed in treated rats. This was interpreted as a result of directing the adoptive immune response to antigens of restricted distribution, i.e., on leukocytes and not on somatic cells.
Immune Response to Levan
Authors: Bona Constantin , Mond James J. , Stein Kathryn E. , House Shirley , Lieberman Rose , Paul William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Normal adult BALB/c mice immunized with bacterial levan (BL) produce antibodies that bind inulin and BL and that express cross-reactive idiotypes (IdX-G, IdX-A, IdX-B) found on inulin-binding myeloma proteins. In addition, such mice make anti-BL antibodies that fail to bind inulin and that do not express the IdX. Young BALB/c mice immunized with BL or with a variety of inulin conjugates fail to produce antibodies that bind inulin or express IdX although such mice immunized with BL do produce antibodies that bind BL. The late appearance of the capacity to produce IdX+ anti-inulin antibodies is most probably due to a delay in development or maturation of precursor cells rather than to some defect ascribable to the nature of the carrier molecule, to the presence of suppressor cells, or to a microenvironmental defect in the neonate. Thus, inulin determinants on a variety of carriers fail to stimulate the response of young mice; spleen cells from young mice transferred to adult C.B20 mice do not respond unless they have been in residence for 7 to 14 days before immunization; T cells from young mice do not suppress the response of adult BALB/c mice and adult spleen cells can mount a response when transferred into 1-week-old recipients. Furthermore, the polyclonal activator Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM) stimulates the appearance of anti-BL plaque-forming cells (PFC) but not of anti-inulin PFC in spleen cells from mice of 1 to 3 weeks of age, whereas spleen cells from 4-week-old and older mice develop both anti-BL and anti-inulin PFC in response to NWSM. A most provocative finding is the appearance in the serum of our nonimmunized young BALB/c mice of IdX-A+ molecules that lack IdX-G and -B and that do not bind to inulin or BL. The precursors of cells secreting these IdX-A+ molecules are interesting candidates for a “protoclone” from which precursors of IdX-G+, -A+, -B+ anti-inulin antibody-forming cells develop.
Terminal Transferase-Positive Human Bone Marrow Cells Exhibit the Antigenic Phenotype of Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Janossy George , Bollum Fred J. , Bradstock Kenneth F. , McMichael Andrew , Rapson Nicholas , Greaves Melvyn F. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Combined immunologic assays for TdT enzyme and membrane markers show that TdT+ cells in nonleukemic human bone marrow carry ALL-associated and Ia-like antigens but no thymocyte markers or surface Ig. These cells could be precursors involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of the “common” or non-T, non-B type and in lymphoid blast crisis of Ph' positive chronic myeloid leukemia. A few TdT+, Ia+ cells express cytoplasmic IgM, indicating that some pre-B cells may be TdT positive.
T Suppressor (TG) Lymphocytes Fluctuate in Parallel with Changes in the Clinical Course of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Huddlestone John R. , Oldstone Michael B. A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Aberrant immune responses to several unrelated antigens observed in patients with multiple sclerosis have suggested faulty regulation of immunocompetent cells. Recently human T lymphocytes have been segregated into subpopulations. T lymphocytes that bear Fc receptors for IgG suppress B lymphocyte proliferation and the production of IgG. Here we report studies on the percentage of TG cells in the peripheral blood of 25 patients all of whom met stringent clinical criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Many of these patients were followed for more than 14 months.
In the total group, nine patients experienced definite acute exacerbations of disease followed by periods of remission. The mean percentages ± 1 standard deviation of TG cells found in all MS patients during remission, 16 ± 6 was significantly higher than the mean found in normal subjects, 12 ± 2. In contrast, the mean found in patients experiencing an acute attack, 6 ± 2 was significantly lower than the mean TG level of normal subjects. Moreover, when individual patients were followed through their clinical illness, levels of TG lymphocytes that were low during acute exacerbations invariably increased to relatively high levels with the onset of clinical remission.
Expression of Ia Antigen on Adult and Neonatal B Lymphocytes Responsive to Thymus-Independent Antigens
Authors: Mond James J. , Sehgal Evan , Sachs David H. , Paul William E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Spleen cells from normal adult or neonatal mice were treated with anti-Ia and C and in vitro responses to two thymus-independent (TI) antigens, trinitrophenyl-Brucella abortus (TNP-BA) and TNP-Ficoll were studied. TNP-BA, a TI antigen that is known to stimulate neonatal B cells, was used in these experiments with the intent of stimulating an early appearing population of B lymphocytes, which might be anticipated to express surface immunoglobulin (sIg+) but not Ia. Cells treated with C and antisera with activity to I region determinants coded for by genes in I-A, I-E, or I-E/C were unable to mount significant responses to TNP-BA or TNP-Ficoll. These diminished responses could not be reconstituted with x-irradiated cells as a source of macrophages. When neonatal spleen cells, which allegedly possess a high fraction of Ig+ Ia- cells, were treated with A.TH anti-A.TL, there was a marked impairment in their ability to respond in vitro to TNP-BA. Thus, even primitive TI responses depend largely on cells that have already expressed Ia.
To assess whether spleen cells treated with anti-Ia and C contained small numbers of immunocompetent cells that might not have been detected in in vitro systems employed, we transferred antisera and C-treated (CBA/N × DBA/2)F1 female spleen cells to B cell defective (CBA/N × DBA/2)F1 male mice and challenged the recipients with TNP-Ficoll 7 or 14 days later. Anti-TNP PFC were measured 5 days after antigen challenge. There was no detectable anti-TNP response seen in F1 male mice reconstituted with anti-Ia + C-treated cells whereas cells treated only with C were able to transfer significant responses.
Responses to TNP-Ficoll were shown to be more sensitive to anti-Ia and C treatment than were responses to TNP-BA suggesting that the subset of B cells responding to TI-2 antigens may bear a higher density of surface Ia than does the B cell subset responding to TI-1 antigens.
Murine T Cell Ia Antigens
Authors: Hayes Colleen E. , Bach Fritz H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recipient (B10.HTT × A.TH)F1 mice were immunized with Con A-stimulated A.TL thymocytes. Antiserum obtained was strongly cytotoxic to A.TL lymph node cells (50 ± 11% lysis) but not to A.TH or B10.HTT lymphocytes. Cytotoxic anti-I-Ak antibody was observed by lysis of B10.A(4R) lymphocytes (47 ± 10%) in the absence of C57BL/10 reactivity. Exhaustive absorption first with B10.A(4R), then with B10.A(5R), left no A.TL reactivity. Antibody to I-Bk determinants was thereby ruled out. Cytotoxic anti-I-Jk antibody was observed by reactivity of B10.A(4R)-absorbed serum on A.TL cells (19 ± 5%), and confirmed by unabsorbed serum lysis of B10.S(9R) (16 ± 5%) in the absence of B10.S lysis and by cytotoxicity on B10.A(5R) lymphocytes (25 ± 6%).
The I-Jk-controlled antigen has been studied in detail. This specificity cannot be attributed to a Qa or Tla-region gene; these gene products have been formally excluded by an appropriate strain choice for antiserum production. Furthermore, Qa or Tla gene products are excluded since DBA/2 lymphocytes cannot absorb cytotoxic reactivity for A.TL, B10.S(9R), or B10.A(5R) cells. This I-Jk antigen is carried by lymph node cells (19 ± 5% lysis) and splenocytes (8 ± 3% lysis), but not by thymocytes (&lt;3%). Separated B10.A(5R) B and T lymphocytes were clearly distinguishable; T cells were lysed (22 ± 3%), B cells were not (&lt;3%). Moreover, absorption of antiserum with increasing numbers of B lymphocytes did not diminish residual cytotoxic activity on T lymphocytes. Expression of the I-J-controlled antigen is confined to the k haplotype and is therefore considered a private specificity. These experiments lead us to conclude that there are T cell I-region-controlled structures, distinct from classical B cell Ia antigens, that may elicit antibody production under appropriate conditions.
Absence of Unexpected H-2 Alloantigens on a Murine Lymphoma
Authors: Fox Robert I. , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The chemical nature of the structures recognized on target cell membranes by cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) remains unclear. One hypothesis suggests that new H-2 alloantigens may be de-repressed as a consequence of viral infection or transformation. We have attempted to detect the appearance of any “foreign” H-2 antigens on the Moloney virus-induced lymphoma LSTRA (H-2d), by analyzing 125I-labeled LSTRA membranes from detergent-solubilized cells, immunoprecipitated with anti-H-2 or anti-β2 microglobulin sera.
We have previously demonstrated that LSTRA bears H-2Dd and H-2Kd antigens that are indistinguishable from BALB/c antigens in their size, isoelectric properties, and antigenicity. We now extend these studies by showing that: 1) All molecules precipitated by anti-β2 microglobulin sera (other than β2 microglobulin) could be removed by pretreatment with anti-H-2d sera. 2) LSTRA cells were specifically examined for H-2d antigens (reported by others to be on LSTRA cells); no such molecules were detected. 3) H-2 molecules precipitated from 125I-LSTRA membrane with anti-β2 sera were indistinguishable from those obtained from 125I-BALB/c membrane in their appearance on two-dimensional gels, ruling out modifications of existing H-2 molecules or substitutions for them in association with β-2.
We also noted that three different xenoantisera to β-2 microglobulins precipitated selected populations of H-2-β-2 dimers—either H-2Dd + β-2, or H-2Kd + β-2, or both. This phenomenon might be explained by true heterogeneity of β-2 microglobulins, or by selective expression of different determinants on a homogeneous population of β-2 molecules as a result of their differential association with H-2Kd and H-2Dd glycoproteins.
This publication expands our previous work to characterize H-2 antigens on the membrane of LSTRA cells that can serve as targets for H-2 restricted lysis by immune CTL. The data presented here and in our previous work allow exclusion of certain models of the membrane structures that are recognized on the target cell during cell-mediated lysis.
Specific Absorption of T Lymphocytes Committed to Soluble Protein Antigens by Incubation on Antigen-Pulsed Macrophage Monolayers
Authors: Werdelin Ole , Braendstrup Otto , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monolayers of macrophages (Mø) pulsed with antigen were used as immunosorbents for T lymphocytes from guinea pigs primed to soluble protein antigens. T lymphocytes were cultured on the Mø monolayers for 4 hr, then aspirated and reincubated on a fresh monolayer pulsed with the same antigen for a second and a third step. T lymphocytes so treated were selectively deprived of cells responding in assay for antigen-dependent proliferation against the antigen used for pulsing the absorbing monolayer, but maintained their response to other antigens. The lymphocytes adhering to the Mø of the absorbing monolayer were capable of giving a full response to the antigen used for pulsing the Mø of the monolayers. The proliferative response of F1 T lymphocytes to antigen in association with Mø of either parental strain could be absorbed leaving the response to antigen in association with Mø of the other parental strain. The absorption of the proliferative response was not inhibited by addition of excess soluble antigen to the medium of the absorption culture. Our results indicate that specific guinea pig T lymphocytes responding by proliferation to soluble protein antigens recognize and bind specifically to a complex of Ia antigen and protein antigen at the surface of the Mø.
In Vivo Elimination by Specific Effector Cells of an Established Syngeneic Rat Moloney Virus-Induced Sarcoma
Authors: Fernandez-Cruz Eduardo , Halliburton Barbara , Feldman Joseph D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
BN rats immunized subcutaneously with a viral induced tumor (MST) or with a chemical-induced fibrosarcoma (BC5) were donors of immune spleen cells. Samples of immune spleen cells were tested in vitro against MST and BC5 in a 51Cr release assay before culturing and after 7 days of culture with mitomycin C-treated MST and/or BC5 tumor cells (MSTMit, BC5Mit). These spleen cells were infused in vivo i.v. into x-rayed (400 R) and nonirradiated BN recipients that bore a vascularized and progressive (1 to 1.5 cm in diameter) subcutaneous MST or BC5. Spleen cells from untreated BN donor rats were also tested in vitro and in vivo as controls.
Established MST were specifically eliminated by spleen cells immune to MST after culture with MSTMit, but not by spleen cells immune to MST without further culture nor by cultured or uncultured BC5 immune spleen cells and control spleen cells. Also, the growth of BC5 was not affected by MST immune spleen cells cultured for 7 days with MST and/or BC5. Elimination of Moloney sarcoma (MST) in vivo occurred in less than 35 days and was correlated with the generation of cytotoxicity in vitro since only MST immune spleen cells cultured with MSTMit were able to augment significantly their cytotoxic capability in vitro.
Role of Binding Through C3b and IgG in Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil Function: Studies with Trypsin-Generated C3b
Authors: Newman Simon L. , Johnston Richard B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In previous studies of the role of IgG and C3b in opsonization, C3b has not been present on the target particle in the complete absence of other serum proteins. We have developed a system in which C3b alone is present on the particle, using trypsin cleavage of purified C3. Sheep erythrocytes (E) coated with trypsin-generated C3b (ETC3b) efficiently bound to but were not ingested by human neutrophils. Specificity of binding was demonstrated by inhibition of rosette formation with fluid phase C3 or C3b, and by a decrease in rosettes after treatment of ETC3b with C3b inactivator (C3bINA). Addition of IgG anti-E but not IgM anti-E to ETC3b markedly enhanced neutrophil binding and stimulated ingestion of these erythrocytes. There were minimal binding and ingestion of E coated with IgG alone.
Binding of ETC3b to neutrophils was also insufficient to stimulate the release of superoxide anion (O2-), β-glucuronidase, and lysozyme. EIgG, prepared with increasing concentrations of IgG, promoted the release of O2- and granule enzymes in a concentration-dependent fashion, and ingestion was not required. Addition to ETC3b of a small quantity of IgG synergistically enhanced O2- release and degranulation.
These results suggest that the Fc and C3b receptors on neutrophils have separate but complementary functions. C3b serves to promote efficient particle-cell attachment, thereby mediating contact between particle-bound IgG and the neutrophil's Fc receptor. This latter contact triggers ingestion and the intracellular events involved in microbial killing.