bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Occurrence of Chitin as a Constituent of the Cartilages of Limulus and Sepia.
Authors: Halliburton W. D. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
The question of the chemical composition of the cartilage that occurs in various invertebrate animals does not seem to have been the object of previous research.1 In an article by Professor Lankester on “The Skeleto-trophic tissues of Limulus,” which appeared recently in this Journal2 he states that Professor Schafer having, at his request, chemically examined the ento-sternite of that animal, had found, that chitin was probably present in that organ. Professor Lankester subsequently placed a larger supply of this tissue in my hands for the purpose of determining the presence of chitin; in addition I have, at Professor Lankester’s suggestion, submitted to a similar examination the cartilage found in the head of the cuttle-fish (Sepia).
Axis-to-Center Chirality Transfer Reactions of Phosphates with a Binaphthyl Group and Their Congeners: New Synthetic Routes to P-Chirogenic Organophosphorus Compounds
Authors: Murai Toshiaki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Novel synthetic methods for P-chirogenic four-coordinate pentadentate organophosphorus compounds are described. The synthetic pathways commenced with the use of phosphates bearing a binaphthyl group and their congeners. These compounds underwent reactions with fluoride ion, metal hydroxides, metal alkoxides, and Grignard reagents, resulting in the transfer of axial chirality from the binaphthyl group to the central chirality of the phosphorus atom. As a result, P-chirogenic products incorporating a binaphthyl group were obtained. The substitution reactions of these newly formed products with metal alkoxides and Grignard reagents led to the formation of P-chirogenic phosphates, phosphonates, phosphinates, and some sulfur isologues.
College Enrollment and Mandatory FAFSA Applications: Evidence from Louisiana
Authors: Deneault Christa 
Published: July 2023

I estimate the impact of a Louisiana state policy that mandated Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) applications as a high school graduation requirement. I find significant increases in FAFSA completion rates (19 percentage points), and my estimates imply an increase of 1–2 percentage points in college enrollment. There is suggestive evidence that these effects were more concentrated among lower-income students/schools, and merit-based state financial aid applications also increased. The design of this mandate implies that pushing students into action may be more effective than informational nudges and that localized support systems such as counselors are important for the success of a top-down policy. (JEL D91, H75, I21, I22, I23, I28)
Youth experience matters: participation in physical activity by young people with physical disability. A protocol for a national participation snapshot and Delphi consensus study
Authors: Brady Karen , Kiernan Damien , McConkey Elaine , O'Gorman Eva , Kerr Claire , McDonough Suzanne , Ryan Jennifer , Malone Ailish 
Published: July 2023

Young people with physical disability experience challenges to being physically active. To attain the health benefits of physical activity (PA) and sustain engagement, it is essential that participation is meaningful and enjoyable. This study aims to understand “what really matters” for participating in PA, from the perspectives of adolescents with physical disability. A parallel convergent mixed methods study will be undertaken, comprising a national cross-sectional quantitative assessment of PA participation (“Participation Snapshot”) and Delphi consensus study (“Delphi”). Young people (n=100) aged 13-17 years with a primary physical disability diagnosis will be invited to take part. The Participation Snapshot primary outcome is the Children’s Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE). Contextual factors including disability diagnosis, demographics, mobility (Functional Mobility Scale), hand function (Manual Ability Classification System) and health related quality of life (Child Health Utility 9D) will also be collected. The Delphi will comprise two to four survey rounds, until consensus is reached. Round 1 (“Your Experience”) consists of a bespoke survey, designed and piloted with a public and patient involvement (PPI) panel, with open-ended questions and Likert scales inviting contributions from young people on their prior experience, barriers and facilitators, and ideas on participation in PA. Responses will be analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to construct the key themes, conceptualized under the “F-words” framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). These themes will be presented back to participants in subsequent rounds for selection and ranking, until consensus is achieved on the “top 10 priorities”. The project team and PPI panel will then co-design dissemination material and identify targets for dissemination to relevant stakeholder or policy groups. The findings will provide a basis for developing interventions aiming to empower, encourage and sustain future physical activity participation in a meaningful way by young people with physical disability.
Modern Trends in the Development of Professional Activity of a Teacher of Choreographic Education
Authors: Go Chzhizho 
Published: July 2023

This article examines the current trends in the development of professional activity of a teacher of choreographic education.
The author draws attention to the integration of multimedia and interactive technologies, the inclusion of modern dance styles, the use of an individual approach and an emphasis on social responsibility. The importance of self-study and strengthening ties with the professional community are also discussed.
New methodology and new textbooks for the national education system in Russia (from interdisciplinarity to consistency and morality)
Authors: Privalov Nikolay , Bashmakova Natal'ya 
Published: July 2023

The subject of the article is the problem of the crisis of the Russian education system and, above all, the ideology and general methodology of teaching in the field of humanities. The purpose of the study is to formulate the main directions of reforming the education system and new principles as part of the author's methodology of training courses for higher education in the conditions of Russia's withdrawal from the Bologna process and the formation of a national educational system.
The modern education system is the result of many trends in the development of society - and above all secularization, the separation of science from religion and the development of the positivist nature of scientific knowledge. The crisis of modern education is a manifestation of the crisis of positivist science and the global crisis. Rus-sia was the first in the world among non-Muslim countries to publicly declare the re-jection of liberal principles of social structure. Digital education carries significant risks to the physical and spiritual health of the youth and society. With all its ad-vantages, it needs a radical reform and strict state and public control. The fundamental reform of education in Russia should be aimed at scrapping the liberal ideology and formal quantitative methods of evaluating the results of the education process. The ap-peal to national traditions, mentality and, above all, to the achievements of traditional religions and centuries-old folk morality should compensate for the inevitable negative side effect of the technological side of education. The paper proposes a new methodol-ogy – moral and religious neo-institutionalism, containing three main principles – sys-tem, balance and morality. The latest practical result of its implementation is the launch of the publication of the INFRA-M publishing house of a series of books "Rus-sian University Textbook on Economics and Management" intended for master's de-gree (advanced level). Among them is the textbook "Economic theory. Russian Eco-nomics" - took the first place in the international academic course "Academus" in the nomination "Economics and Management".
Benchmarking of the e-Learning Quality Assurance in Vocational Education and Training: Project Results
Authors: Lengyelova Kristina , Dimopoulou Nefeli 
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The paper aims to present project No. 2020-1-SK01-KA226-VET094266 BEQUEL and partial results of the benchmarking questionnaire.
Methodology/Approach: The starting point for the project solution was an analysis of the current state of ensuring the quality of e-learning in vocational training and education in the partner countries of the project (Slovakia, Greece, Spain, and Italy) and an overview of laws and regulations valid at the European level and in the world. A benchmarking survey was conducted to determine the level of e-learning quality assurance in these countries compared to good practices in the European Union. The Benchmarking Badge published monthly on the www.bequal.info portal tracks changes over time.
Findings: The average standard for the four involved countries after the pandemic was the level for VET (Vocational Education and Training) providers: (1) strategy and policy for e-learning 71.6%, (2) support for trainers and trainees for e-learning 70.4, (3) infrastructure support for e-learning 74.9%, (4) program/course design and development and approval for e-learning provision 75.8%, and (5) e-learning training program evaluation procedures 67.9%.
Research Limitation/Implication: On the one hand, the project was limited by the measures of the Covid-19 pandemic, during which face-to-face meetings and training were not allowed. Still, on the other hand, the VET providers recognised their weaknesses, strengths, and readiness for complete online education.
Originality/Value of paper: Examples of good practice and video presentations inspire improving the quality of e-learning in VET.
Challenging the Islamic City Paradigm: A Trial for Ottoman Urban Spaces through the Lens of Collective Action Theory
Authors: KARAKAŞ DEMİR Handan 
Published: July 2023

This article focuses on collective actions in Ottoman cities to respond to the Weberian notion of the Islamic city, suggesting Islamic city dwellers’ incapability to act collectively. For this purpose, the study scrutinizes the collective appeals made by city dwellers to Ottoman courts, employing Charles Tilly’s theory of collective action. By conducting an extensive literature review of the Islamic city paradigm and analyzing court records, this article argues that Ottoman city dwellers possessed urban consciousness and engaged in collective actions for the betterment of their living environment, challenging the belief that such actions were absent in Muslim societies. Studies on this topic so far have neither employed a comprehensive theoretical approach nor have they
considered the place dimension. Furthermore, this article suggests that essential indicators of Ottoman cities’ urban culture are joint decision-making, apprehension of urban problems, organizational capacity, and collective actions.
Arapça ve İbranice Filistin Basınından Örneklerde Türk Millî Mücadelesi, 1919-1922
Authors: TEZCAN Selim 
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışma, Filistin’de 1919 ile 1922 arasında yayımlanan Arapça ve İbranice beş gazetenin Türk Millî Mücadelesi’ne dair yorumlarını inceleyerek şu soruyu ele almaktadır: Filistin’de bu dönemde yayımlanan bazı önemli Arapça ve İbranice gazeteler Millî Mücadele’ye nasıl yaklaşıyorlardı ve benimsedikleri farklı tutumların ardında hangi nedenler yatmaktaydı? İncelemenin ortaya
koyduğu üzere, Arapça gazetelerden el-Karmil ile Mirʾatü’ş-Şarḳ Kuvâyı Milliye’ye yakın ilgi göstererek hararetli bir destek veriyorlardı. Bu tutumlarının başlıca nedeni, aynı dönemde kurulup resmîleşme sürecinde olan İngiliz Mandası’na ve onun gerçekleştirmeyi taahhüt ettiği Balfour Deklarasyonu’na karşı duydukları endişeydi. Siyonizm’e onlar gibi muhalif olan Filisṭîn ise Birinci Dünya Savaşı ve sonrasında Şerif Hüseyin ve oğullarıyla hareket eden Hüseynî ailesine yakınlığı nedeniyle Millî Mücadele’ye karşı menfi olmasa bile çok daha mesafeli bir tutum benimsemişti. Diğer yandan
İbranice gazeteler Do’ar ha-Yom ve Haaretz İngiliz Mandası’nın Anadolu’daki savaş sonuçlanmadan yürürlüğe girmeyeceği hesabıyla sabırsızlanıyor, iki tarafın karşılıklı tavizlerde bulunmalarını ve Avrupa ülkelerinin barış için aracılık yapmasını salık veriyorlardı.
Ppb-level methane detection sensitivity based on a homemade Raman fiber amplifier and differential photoacoustic technology
Authors: Zhang Tie , Wang LiHui , Huang Yan , He Haijie , He Sailing , Wang GaoXuan 
Published: July 2023

A high-power near-infrared wavelength-modulated differential photoacoustic spectroscopy sensor for parts-per-billion (ppb) level methane detection is reported by using a homemade Raman fiber optical amplifier. A commercial 1653.7 nm continuous wave distributed feedback laser is employed as a seed source to excite a high light power of ∼550mW, which greatly improves sensor performance. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy and differential techniques are applied to further improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the photoacoustic signal. A 1σ minimum detection limit of ∼10ppb for methane detection is achieved with an integration time of 10 s.
Precise pointing angle deviation measurement for beaconless laser communication
Authors: Zou Yansheng , Zhang Shenmao , Fan Qirun , Ao Xueyuan , Mei Tianjin , Huang Ke , Yang Qi , Liu Deming , Liu Chen 
Published: July 2023

How to measure the pointing angle precisely without the beacon light is crucial for beaconless laser communication. The conventional intensity method directly measures the intensity of a part of the communication signal beam, which has low sensitivity. We propose the characteristic signal method by superimposing a low-frequency sinusoidal signal on the communication signal to promote the measuring sensitivity. Simultaneously, a fast cyclic cross-correlation algorithm is used to reduce operational complexity. Compared with the experimental results of the direct intensity method, the proposed method can improve the measuring sensitivity about 9.17 dB and increase the power budget for communication about 1.96 dB.
3D Lumerical simulation of silicon photodiodes with microholes for high-speed short-reach intra-datacenter interconnects
Authors: Hamadou D. B. , Ghandiparsi S. , Elfakharany R. , Landolsi T. , Elrefaie A. F. , Ahamed A. , Mayet A. S. , Perez C. B. , Devine E. P. , Wang S. Y. , Islam M. S. 
Published: July 2023

3D simulations are conducted using Lumerical software to study the
performance of surface illuminated silicon positive–intrinsic–negative
photodiodes with microholes. Drift-diffusion equations are solved
including the effects of carrier lifetime due to Shockley–Read–Hall
and Auger recombination mechanisms, as well as high field mobility.
Lumerical’s FDTD tool is used to determine the light absorption in the
device. The generation profile is imported to Lumerical’s CHARGE tool
to determine the transient-limited impulse response. An equivalent
circuit of the photodiode with microholes is developed for the
simulation of an end-to-end high-speed system. Simulation results show
an open eye diagram at 50 Gbps for 20µm×20µm devices.
The Development of a Communicative Arabic Exercise Book Based on Madarij Al-Durus Al-Arabiyah Book using Quick Response Code (QR-Code) Technology
Authors: Ahmad Faizul Walida Ismani  , Imam Asrori  , Mohammad Ahsanuddin  , Najmah Alhinduan  , Fakhrur Rozi  
Published: July 2023

The book of Madarij al Durus al Arabiyah, written in 1950, is the legendary Arabic language teaching book of Kyai Bashori Alwi. He is a famous figure in Arabic and the knowledge of the Quran. Scholars still use the book today. But several sections of it need to be updated. One of which is in the language skill aspect. The book focuses on speaking, writing, and reading skills but not listening. According to the current standardization, its physical form and organization need to be updated. The study's purpose is to develop a communicative Arabic exercise book based on Madarij al-Durusn al-Arabiyah using QR-Code technology. The method used is research and development using the ADDIE model. The researcher obtained the data through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The result of this research and development study is an exercise book validated by material and media experts. It has been applied to 20 students and gained feasibility with 89,95% in percentage. It shows that the exercise book is ready to be used and get an excellent score. Therefore, we can conclude that the material of a communicative Arabic exercise book based on madarij al-durus al-arabiyah using QR-Code technology is ready to be used and has excellent quality.
Keywords: Madarij al-Durus al-Arabiyah, Exercise Book, QR-Code
Abstrak
Kitab Madarij al Durus al Arabiyah yang ditulis pada tahun 1950 merupakan kitab pengajaran bahasa Arab legendaris Kyai Bashori Alwi. Beliau adalah tokoh terkenal dalam bahasa Arab dan pengetahuan tentang Al Qur’an. Para sarjana masih menggunakan buku itu sampai sekarang. Tetapi beberapa bagian perlu diperbarui. Salah satunya dalam aspek keterampilan berbahasa. Buku ini berfokus pada keterampilan berbicara, menulis, dan membaca tetapi tidak mendengarkan. Sesuai dengan standarisasi saat ini, bentuk fisik dan organisasinya perlu diperbarui. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan buku latihan bahasa Arab komunikatif berbasis Madarij al-Durusn al-Arabiyah dengan menggunakan teknologi QR-Code. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Peneliti memperoleh data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan ini berupa buku latihan yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan media. Telah diterapkan pada 20 siswa dan memperoleh kelayakan dengan persentase 89,95%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa buku latihan siap digunakan dan mendapatkan nilai yang sangat baik. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa materi buku latihan bahasa Arab komunikatif berbasis madarij al-durus al-arabiyah dengan menggunakan teknologi QR-Code siap digunakan dan memiliki kualitas yang sangat baik.
Kata Kunci: Madarij al-Durus al-Arabiyah, Buku Latihan, QR-Code
Ta’ṡīru al-Wasīlah at-ta‘līmiyyah Barnamaj Macromedia Director ‘ala Mahā rah al-Kalāmu (Baḥṡu Tajriby fī al-Madrasah aṡ-ṡānawiyyah al-Islāmiyyah al-Ḥukūmiyyah 2 Tanah Datar)
Authors: Fitria Aida , Eri Ramadona  , Ayang Nofitri  
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of learning media in the Macromedia Director program on speaking skills. This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tanah Datar. To find out these problems, the authors use field research using experiments. This research design is a True Experimental Design with the type of The Pre Test-Post-test Control Group Design. After the writer conducted a speaking skills test on students in the experimental and control groups, the maximum result in the experimental group was 98, and the lowest result was 80. Meanwhile, the maximum result in the control group was 87, and the lowest was 40. Therefore, the writer found that the t0 result was more significant than the result of tt, namely the result of t (to = 5.62). Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected, and the reciprocal hypothesis is accepted, intended to look for differences between the results of the first test (results of speaking skills using the usual method) and the results of the second test (results of speaking skills using Macromedia Direct). The conclusion from this study is that the Macromedia Director program influences speaking skills at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Tanah Datar.
Keywords: Learning Media, Macromedia Director, Speaking skills
ملخص
الغرض من هذا البحث هو لمعرفة تأثير الوسيلة التعليمية ببرنامج مكروميديا ديركطر (Macromedia Director) على مهارة الكلام بحث تجريبي في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الثانية تانه داتر. ولمعرفة هذه المشكلة، فاستعملت الكاتبة البحث الميداني بالطريقة التجربية. وتصميم البحث هوTrue Eksperimental Design، بنوعThe Pre Test- Post-test Control Group Design . وبعد ما أن تقوم الكاتبة امتحان مهارة الكلام على التلاميذ في المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة، فتوجد أن أقصى النتائج المجموعة التجريبية 98 وأدنى النتائج 80. وأما أقصى النتائج في المجموعة الضابطة 87 ووأدنى النتائج 40. ولذلك، وجدت الكاتبة أن نتيجة to أكبر من نتيجة tt، فهي نتيجة t (to = 5,62) و نتيجة t في الجدوال t (و في الدراجة 5% = 2,03 و في الدرجة 1%= 2,73) فوجدت الكاتبة أن نتيجة toأكبر من نتيجة tt. و هي2,03<5,62>2,73. بناء على ذلك فالفروض العدمية مردودة والفروض التبادلية مقبولة، المراد بها إيجاد الفرق بين نتيجة امتحان الأول (نتيجة مهارة الكلام بطريقة السمعية والشفهية) ونتيجة امتحان الثانى (نتيجة مهارة الكلام ببرنامج مكروميديا ديركطر). والخلاصة من هذا البحث، يوجد تأثير ببرنامج مكروميديا ديركطر على مهارة الكلام في المدرسة الثانوية الإسلامية الحكومية الثانية تانه داتر.
الكلمات الر ئيسية: وسيلة التعليم، مكروميديا، مهارة الكلام
First results of the growth disorders related twinning programme Partners4Growth implemented at the tertiary university pediatric endocrinology clinics in Bulgaria
Authors: Elkina Stanimira M. , Halvadzhiyan Irina B. , Popova Galina Ts. , Avdjieva-Tzavella Daniela M. , Stefanova Elisaveta , Kaleva Nartzis N. , Stoeva Iva H. , Petrova Chayka K. , Iotova Violeta M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Early diagnosis of childhood growth disorders, their timely and proper treatment are important for better outcomes.The aim of the present study was to assess the results of the first 18 months of the growth disorders related twinning programme “Partners4Growth” implemented at all tertiary university pediatric endocrinology clinics in Bulgaria.

Methods
In 2019, Partners4Growth started operation at 7 centres (4 experienced and 3 twin centres) with the main aim of aligning their practices in the shortest possible time. Education of twin centres’ personnel was organized, equipment and methods for growth evaluation and follow-up were standardized. The approach was tested initially at one centre. At baseline and at the 18th month a questionnaire concerning diagnosis and management of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) requiring disorders was applied.

Results
A total of 104 new patients were diagnosed compared to 30 in the previous year. Of those, 91 started rhGH treatment – 65 (64 %) GH deficient, 12 (12 %) Turner syndrome, 7 (7 %) Prader–Willi syndrome patients, and 7 (7 %) born small for gestational age without postnatal catch-up, representing 35.8 % of all currently rhGH treated Bulgarian children. A better geographical coverage and more advanced diagnostic and management practices were achieved.

Conclusions
Partners4Growth facilitated the alignment of the tertiary pediatric endocrinology centres competences thus leading to an improved diagnosis and treatment of growth disorders as well as better patients’ access. For its short existence, the Programme increased significantly the number of new patients in the difficult times of COVID-19 pandemic thus justifying its continuation.
Enabling infinite Q factors in absorbing optical systems
Authors: Kolkowski Radoslaw , Shevchenko Andriy 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Resonant optical structures have widespread applications in science and technology. However, their quality (Q) factors can be significantly deteriorated, if some of their parts exhibit optical absorption. Here, we show that by coupling a lossy mode of such a structure to two independent lossless modes, one can create a nonradiating and absorption-free bound state in the continuum (BIC). The Q factor of such a BIC is theoretically unlimited despite interaction with an absorbing structure. We use this mechanism to design a plasmonic metasurface with Q factors that are close to 107 in the visible spectral range. The proposed mechanism is general and can be used to engineer ultrahigh-Q resonances in various systems containing absorbing structures.