bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loving‐kindness and compassion meditations in the workplace: A meta‐analysis and future prospects
Authors: Wang Rong , Gu Xiaodan , Zhang Yang , Luo Kangzhou , Zeng Xianglong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLoving‐kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) have been well applied among employees to improve their health and well‐being. Existing studies on LKCM have also provided supportive evidence of its benefits and effectiveness under organizational contexts. The current meta‐analytical study aimed to systematically summarise the effects of LKCM in the workplace and to outline directions for future research and practice. Among 327 empirical studies on LKCM published until March 2022, 21 trials focussed on employees and provided sufficient information, which were included in the following meta‐analysis. The results showed that LKCM benefited eight categories of workplace outcomes. Specifically, LKCM effectively decreased employees' burnout (g = 0.395, k = 10) and stress (g = 0.544, k = 10) and facilitated their mindfulness (g = 0.558, k = 14), self‐compassion (g = 0.646, k = 12), personal mental health (g = 0.308, k = 13), job attitudes (g = 0.283, k = 4), interpersonal relationships (g = 0.381, k = 12), and psychological resources (g = 0.406, k = 6). The results of moderation analyses further indicated that the participants' job type, gender, and the focus of LKCM might differentially fluctuate the magnitude of LKCM effects. To advance research and best practice, we finally pointed out several issues that deserve attention, such as long‐term effects, underlying mechanisms, potential moderators, and outcomes or influential factors at the organizational level.
Can powerful allies protect the CEO against performance declines? The role of the CEO's subgroup power in CEO dismissal
Authors: You Jihae , Shin Taekjin , Chung Yunhyung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractResearch summaryDrawing on research about power and faultlines, we identify the subgroup of directors in the board who share the same social identities with the CEO (i.e., CEO subgroup) and develop a concept of CEO subgroup power. We examine how CEO subgroup power affects the board's decision to dismiss the CEO, particularly when the firm experiences a performance decline. Using data from S&P 500 boards from 1998 to 2018, we find that powerful CEO subgroups reduce the risk of CEO dismissal and that the negative effect of CEO subgroup power on CEO dismissal is magnified when the firm experiences a decline in performance.Managerial summaryWhy do some boards fire the CEO when the firm is performing well, while others retain the CEO despite poor performance? We believe that looking into power dynamics among directors may help answer this question. Using data from S&P 500 boards from 1998 to 2018, we investigate how the risk of CEO dismissal varies by the power of the subgroup within the board that consists of directors who share the same social identities with the CEO (i.e., CEO subgroup). The results reveal that a powerful CEO subgroup can reduce the CEO dismissal risk and that this effect becomes stronger when the firm goes through a performance decline.
Elucidating the Reaction Mechanism of Mn2+ Electrolyte Additives in Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Li Zhao , Li Yi , Ren Xiaochuan , Zhao Yuanxin , Ren Zhiguo , Yao Zeyin , Zhang Wei , Xu Hao , Wang Zhong , Zhang Nian , Gu Yueliang , Li Xiaolong , Zhu Daming , Zou Jianxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc batteries (ZIBs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of their high safety and eco‐friendly features. Numerous studies have shown that adding Mn2+ salts to ZnSO4 electrolytes enhanced overall energy densities and extended the cycling life of Zn/MnO2 batteries. It is commonly believed that Mn2+ additives in the electrolyte inhibit the dissolution of MnO2 cathode. To better understand the role of Mn2+ electrolyte additives, the ZIB using a Co3O4 cathode instead of MnO2 in 0.3 m MnSO4 + 3 m ZnSO4 electrolyte is built to avoid interference from MnO2 cathode. As expected, the Zn/Co3O4 battery exhibits electrochemical characteristics nearly identical to those of Zn/MnO2 batteries. Operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and electrochemical analyses are carried out to determine the reaction mechanism and pathway. This work demonstrates that the electrochemical reaction occurring at cathode involves a reversible Mn2+/MnO2 deposition/dissolution process, while a chemical reaction of Zn2+/Zn4SO4(OH)6∙5H2O deposition/dissolution is involved during part of the charge/discharge cycle due to the change in the electrolyte environment. The reversible Zn2+/Zn4SO4(OH)6∙5H2O reaction contributes no capacity and lowers the diffusion kinetics of the Mn2+/MnO2 reaction, which prevents the operation of ZIBs at high current densities.
Tensions in an Identity‐Oriented Language Teaching Practicum: A Dialogic Approach
Authors: Uştuk Özgehan , Yazan Bedrettin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, we examine how teacher candidates navigate the tensions in their identity work as they complete the activities in the TESOL practicum course in Turkiye. Using the Bakhtinian approach to teacher identity, we conceptually maintain that identity work inevitably involves tensions that teachers encounter during their professional lives. We use a qualitative case study design to explore how two teacher candidates (Erdem and Murat) experience and understand identity tensions through dialogic engagement in an identity‐oriented practicum course. We collected data from a series of identity‐oriented activities that promote a dialogic space for teacher candidates to negotiate and enact their identities. We found that although their attempts to deal with the tensions varied, both teacher candidates made use of the self and community dialogues constructed through identity‐oriented teacher learning activities. Pushing back at authoritative discourses of language teaching prevailing in the university program and the practicum school, they engaged in identity work by constructing their internally persuasive discourses which guided their practice. Facing the contextual demands, Erdem raised doubts about his ideal way of teaching he tried out in the practicum, whereas Murat went beyond the past and the present by foregrounding his imagined identity which served as a liberating aspiration.
Advances in modeling attosecond electron dynamics in molecular photoionization
Authors: Ruberti Marco , Averbukh Vitali 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe dramatic progress of experimental attosecond science has called for the development of new theoretical and computational tools capable of accurately model the correlated electron dynamics triggered by attosecond molecular photoionization. We describe the nature and the main outcome of this development, with particular focus on the B‐spline ADC and RCS‐ADC ab initio methods.This article is categorized under:
Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
Software > Simulation Methods
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Spectroscopy
The Ocean Transition: What to Learn from System Transitions
Authors: Swilling Mark , Ruckelshaus Mary , Rudolph Tanya Brodie , Allison Edward H. , Gelcich Stefan , Mbatha Philile , Österblom Henrik 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ocean is the ultimate commons. Sustainability narratives now recognise what science continues to demonstrate—that ecosystems on land, rivers, deltas, estuaries and the ocean are intrinsically linked (Mathews et al. 2019). There is a growing consensus that the prosperity and well-being of humanity depends on the health of the ocean environment, including the ocean-climate nexus (OECD 2016; IPCC 2019). Critical indicators reveal that business as usual is going to result in the collapse of key biophysical ocean functions, with major implications for the global economy and societies (IPCC 2019). Science has demonstrated that these close systemic interlinkages in and among ecological, economic and social systems require solutions which are responsive and flexible, robust yet elastic (SDG 2019).
What Role for Ocean-Based Renewable Energy and Deep-Seabed Minerals in a Sustainable Future?
Authors: Haugan Peter M. , Levin Lisa A. , Amon Diva , Hemer Mark , Lily Hannah , Nielsen Finn Gunnar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractScenarios for sustainable transformation of the global economy to near zero greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 in line with the Paris Agreement and the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development rely strongly on renewable energy. Offshore wind shows potential to become a globally significant supplier of electricity in these scenarios. Floating solar energy and direct ocean energy sources, such as wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy, may also contribute significantly in a range of locations, but require more policy support and understanding of potential environmental impacts in order to become significant in the transition to a sustainable global energy system.
Leveraging Multi-target Strategies to Address Plastic Pollution in the Context of an Already Stressed Ocean
Authors: Jambeck Jenna , Moss Ellie , Dubey Brajesh , Arifin Zainal , Godfrey Linda , Hardesty Britta Denise , Hendrawan I. Gede , Hien To Thi , Junguo Liu , Matlock Marty , Pahl Sabine , Raubenheimer Karen , Thiel Martin , Thompson Richard , Woodall Lucy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ocean is the ultimate sink for anthropogenic pollution. According to the HydroSHED model, over 80% of the land mass on Earth is in a watershed that drains directly to the ocean (Lehner and Grill 2013). Until recently, the ocean seemed to be endlessly able to absorb all the waste that human activity has discharged into it. The Ocean Health Index (OHI) scores the health of the ocean on a range of criteria, from how clean the water is to the ability of the ocean to continue providing services such as food provision, carbon storage, tourism and recreation, and biodiversity (Halpern et al. 2012). The 2019 combined global ocean score was 71 out of 100 (as it has been for the last five years), showing that significant impairment has occurred, but that many of the functions and services of the ocean remain and must be better managed (OHI 2019). The Clean Water section of the OHI includes details on the statuses and pressures of chemical, nutrient, pathogen and trash pollution. It also includes social pressure as a further pressure. Indicators of resilience were based upon the Convention on Biological Diversity (in particular for marine ecosystems) and quality of governance (using Worldwide Governance Indicators). The score for Clean Water has tracked closely to the overall score, remaining at 70 for the past five years (OHI 2019). With an estimated 91% of all temperate and tropical coasts predicted to be heavily developed by 2050 (Nellemann et al. 2008), this is a critical time to significantly reduce and prevent anthropogenic pollution to the ocean.
Ocean Finance: Financing the Transition to a Sustainable Ocean Economy
Authors: Sumaila U. Rashid , Walsh Melissa , Hoareau Kelly , Cox Anthony , Abdallah Patrízia , Akpalu Wisdom , Anna Zuzy , Benzaken Dominique , Crona Beatrice , Fitzgerald Timothy , Heaps Louise , Karousakis Katia , Lange Glenn-Marie , Leland Amanda , Miller Dana , Sack Karen , Shahnaz Durreen , Teh Louise , Thiele Torsten , Vestergaard Niels , Yagi Nobuyuki , Zhang Junjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ocean covers more than 70% of Earth’s surface and plays a crucial role in providing ecosystem goods and services that sustain life and support the well-being of billions of people worldwide (Teh and Sumaila 2013; FAO 2018; Hoegh-Guldberg et al. 2019; IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) 2019). The ocean holds many economic opportunities, and many experts are recognising the need for a coordinated and sustainable approach to its use. Ocean finance can play a vital role in supporting sustainable development of the ocean economy by directing investments to sustainable development pathways that minimise ocean risks and maximise social equity, human well-being and environmental health.
Sandwiched? Sri Lankan Civic Space Amidst a Repressive Regime and a Pandemic
Authors: Fernando Udan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sri Lanka coincided in the immediate aftermath of a political regime change with the election of a new President while general elections were to be held in early 2020. Mitigating the spread of the virus and the exigencies of holding an election to further consolidate the power at the level of legislature became competing interests. The nationalist fervour with which the new President came into power, triggered by an alleged threat to national security, continued to remain in the political sphere as a key driver. Hence, the pandemic invariably became politicized. Against this backdrop, the space and relative freedom that the Sri Lankan civil society organizations secured were significantly restricted. The paper observes the way in which the civil society organizations coped and navigated the repressive policy and political environment, how their aims were compromised, self-censored and re-strategized.
Negotiating CSO Legitimacy in Tanzanian Civic Space
Authors: Kontinen Tiina , Nguyahambi Ajali M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis chapter argues that civil society organizations (CSOs) engage in continuous legitimacy negotiations that both shape and are shaped by civic space. It focuses on President John Magufuli’s term in Tanzania, which was labelled as an authoritarian turn characterized by shrinking civic space. The chapter employs broad definitions: of civic space as an arena for action by formal CSOs as well as groups and individuals; of legitimacy as a continuous negotiation of appropriateness; and of democracy as a dynamic form of governance with different manifestations. Drawing on interviews with both professional urban NGOs and rural self-help groups, the chapter investigates restrictions experienced by CSOs, analyses the central themes negotiation over CSO legitimacy, and reflects on these vis-á-vis the evolution of democracy in Tanzania over time.
Constrained Humanitarian Space in Rohingya Response: Views from Bangladeshi NGOs
Authors: Khan Abdul Kadir 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn Bangladesh, hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas have been seeking viable solutions to the plight of their displacement from Myanmar since August 2017. Today, they rely entirely on humanitarian aid and material services. Considering the notion of humanitarian space as an arena of social negotiations between multiple humanitarian actors over their access to the affected communities, this chapter captures the views of twenty Bangladeshi NGOs and identifies three main characteristics in the constrained humanitarian space of the Rohingya response: (a) discrepancies in localization discourses; (b) institutional multiplicity; and (c) disparities in accountability mechanisms. The study concludes that, despite the constant calls of Bangladeshi NGOs for locally led aid initiatives, they are largely side-lined in terms of the Rohingya humanitarian response. Moreover, institutional multiplicity as a form of parallel governance by the Government of Bangladesh and international humanitarian stakeholders often leads to collective action dilemmas and disparities in accountability mechanisms.
Canopy development influences early successional stream ecosystem function but not biotic assemblages
Authors: LeRoy Carri J. , Claeson Shannon M. , Garthwaite Iris J. , Thompson Madeline A. , Thompson Lauren J. , Kamakawiwo’ole Brandy K. , Froedin-Morgensen Angie M. , McConathy Victoria , Ramstack Hobbs Joy M. , Stancheva Rosalina , Albano Christine M. , Finn Debra S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDetermining how streams develop naturally, particularly the ecological role of newly developed riparian canopy cover, is essential to understanding the factors that structure new stream communities and provides valuable information for restoring highly disturbed ecosystems. However, attempts to understand primary succession in riverine ecosystems have been hindered by a lack of data owing to the infrequent formation of new rivers on the landscape. In the present study, we used five streams formed following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (WA, USA) to examine the influence of canopy cover development on algal and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages, biomass, and organic matter processing. Newly established closed canopy reaches had less available light, but no significant differences in algal biomass or macroinvertebrate assemblages compared to open canopy reaches. Instead, algal and macroinvertebrate communities were structured mainly by hydrologic differences among watersheds. In contrast, organic matter processing rates were sensitive to canopy cover development, and rates were faster under closed canopies, especially in late summer or after terrestrial preconditioning. After 40 years of stream and riparian primary successional development, canopy cover strongly influences ecosystem function, but aquatic organism assembly was more influenced by physio-chemical and hydrologic variation. Our findings provide insight into the development of in-stream assemblages and ecosystem functions, which is also relevant to efforts to address major disturbances to stream channels, such as volcanic eruptions, floods, forest fires, and clear-cut logging.
Entwicklung eines Kompetenzkatalogs für Ärzt:Innen in Weiterbildung zur Curriculumerstellung für die Kreißsaaleinarbeitung
Authors: Flentje Markus , Eismann Hendrik , Schwill Simon , Forstner Daniel , Kranke Peter 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungHintergrundAnästhesiologische Expertise ist in der Kreißsaalumgebung an verschiedensten Punkten der Versorgung erforderlich. Die natürliche Mitarbeitendenfluktuation erfordert hierfür eine ständige Fort- und Weiterbildung. In einer ersten Umfrage unter Lehrenden und Lernenden in der Fachärzt:innenausbildung zeigte sich der Wunsch nach einem einsatzortspezifischen Curriculum. Die vorliegende Studie soll im Sinne der spezifischen Lernzieldefinition die notwendigen Kompetenzen für die anästhesiologische Kreißsaalumgebung beschreiben.MethodikMittels einer zweistufigen Online-Delphi-Befragung unter deutschlandweit anästhesiologisch Tätigen im Kreißsaal wurden Zielkompetenzen als Items entwickelt. Diese wurden anschließend in einem größeren Kollektiv auf Relevanz und Validität überprüft und konnten nachfolgend gruppiert werden. In die abschließende Befragung konnten 201 Teilnehmende eingeschlossen werden.ErgebnisseIn den Priorisierungsprozessen der Delphi-Analyse wurden von den Teilnehmenden nicht priorisierte Kompetenzen, wie z. B. die Neugeborenenversorgung, nicht weiterverfolgt. Nicht alle Faktoren sind darüber hinaus ausschließlich kreißsaalbezogen, wie beispielsweise das Beherrschen des „schwierigen Atemweges“. Nach der Validierung ergab sich ein Kompetenzkatalog mit 8 Skalen mit insgesamt 44 Items (Kayser-Meyer-Olkin-Kriterium 0,88).SchlussfolgerungenEs konnte ein Katalog relevanter allgemeiner Lernziele für Ärzt:innen in Weiterbildung entwickelt werden, der allerdings einer Überprüfung auf Vollständigkeit im Kontext der eigenen Arbeitsumgebung bedarf. Kompetenzen, die auch außerhalb der Kreißsaalumgebung erlernt werden könnten, sollten vor einer Kreißsaalrotation erlernt werden. Dies ermöglicht die Konzentration auf bereichsspezifische Items im Rahmen der Kreißsaaleinarbeitung.
Patient-reported outcomes for people with diabetes: what and how to measure? A narrative review
Authors: Terwee Caroline B. , Elders Petra J. M. , Blom Marieke T. , Beulens Joline W. , Rolandsson Olaf , Rogge Alize A. , Rose Matthias , Harman Nicola , Williamson Paula R. , Pouwer Frans , Mokkink Lidwine B. , Rutters Femke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) are valuable for shared decision making and research. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires used to measure PROs, such as health-related quality of life (HRQL). Although core outcome sets for trials and clinical practice have been developed separately, they, as well as other initiatives, recommend different PROs and PROMs. In research and clinical practice, different PROMs are used (some generic, some disease-specific), which measure many different things. This is a threat to the validity of research and clinical findings in the field of diabetes. In this narrative review, we aim to provide recommendations for the selection of relevant PROs and psychometrically sound PROMs for people with diabetes for use in clinical practice and research. Based on a general conceptual framework of PROs, we suggest that relevant PROs to measure in people with diabetes are: disease-specific symptoms (e.g. worries about hypoglycaemia and diabetes distress), general symptoms (e.g. fatigue and depression), functional status, general health perceptions and overall quality of life. Generic PROMs such as the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), or Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures could be considered to measure commonly relevant PROs, supplemented with disease-specific PROMs where needed. However, none of the existing diabetes-specific PROM scales has been sufficiently validated, although the Diabetes Symptom Self-Care Inventory (DSSCI) for measuring diabetes-specific symptoms and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) and Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) for measuring distress showed sufficient content validity. Standardisation and use of relevant PROs and psychometrically sound PROMs can help inform people with diabetes about the expected course of disease and treatment, for shared decision making, to monitor outcomes and to improve healthcare. We recommend further validation studies of diabetes-specific PROMs that have sufficient content validity for measuring disease-specific symptoms and consider generic item banks developed based on item response theory for measuring commonly relevant PROs.
Graphical Abstract
MPClan: Protocol Suite for Privacy-Conscious Computations
Authors: Koti Nishat , Patil Shravani , Patra Arpita , Suresh Ajith 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe growing volumes of data being collected and its analysis to provide better services are creating worries about digital privacy. To address privacy concerns and give practical solutions, the literature has relied on secure multiparty computation techniques. However, recent research over rings has mostly focused on the small-party honest-majority setting of up to four parties tolerating single corruption, noting efficiency concerns. In this work, we extend the strategies to support higher resiliency in an honest-majority setting with efficiency of the online phase at the centre stage. Our semi-honest protocol improves the online communication of the protocol of Damgård and Nielsen (CRYPTO’07) without inflating the overall communication. It also allows shutting down almost half of the parties in the online phase, thereby saving up to 50% in the system’s operational costs. Our maliciously secure protocol also enjoys similar benefits and requires only half of the parties, except for one-time verification towards the end, and provides security with fairness. To showcase the practicality of the designed protocols, we benchmark popular applications such as deep neural networks, graph neural networks, genome sequence matching, and biometric matching using prototype implementations. Our protocols, in addition to improved communication, aid in bringing up to 60–80% savings in monetary cost over prior work.