bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with sporadic FTLD exhibit similar increases in lysosomal proteins and storage material as patients with FTD due to GRN mutations
Authors: Davis Skylar E. , Cook Anna K. , Hall Justin A. , Voskobiynyk Yuliya , Carullo Nancy V. , Boyle Nicholas R. , Hakim Ahmad R. , Anderson Kristian M. , Hobdy Kierra P. , Pugh Derian A. , Murchison Charles F. , McMeekin Laura J. , Simmons Micah , Margolies Katherine A. , Cowell Rita M. , Nana Alissa L. , Spina Salvatore , Grinberg Lea T. , Miller Bruce L. , Seeley William W. , Arrant Andrew E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLoss of function progranulin (GRN) mutations are a major autosomal dominant cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Patients with FTD due to GRN mutations (FTD-GRN) develop frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology type A (FTLD-TDP type A) and exhibit elevated levels of lysosomal proteins and storage material in frontal cortex, perhaps indicating lysosomal dysfunction as a mechanism of disease. To investigate whether patients with sporadic FTLD exhibit similar signs of lysosomal dysfunction, we compared lysosomal protein levels, transcript levels, and storage material in patients with FTD-GRN or sporadic FTLD-TDP type A. We analyzed samples from frontal cortex, a degenerated brain region, and occipital cortex, a relatively spared brain region. In frontal cortex, patients with sporadic FTLD-TDP type A exhibited similar increases in lysosomal protein levels, transcript levels, and storage material as patients with FTD-GRN. In occipital cortex of both patient groups, most lysosomal measures did not differ from controls. Frontal cortex from a transgenic mouse model of TDP-opathy had similar increases in cathepsin D and lysosomal storage material, showing that TDP-opathy and neurodegeneration can drive these changes independently of progranulin. To investigate these changes in additional FTLD subtypes, we analyzed frontal cortical samples from patients with sporadic FTLD-TDP type C or Pick’s disease, an FTLD-tau subtype. All sporadic FTLD groups had similar increases in cathepsin D activity, lysosomal membrane proteins, and storage material as FTD-GRN patients. However, patients with FTLD-TDP type C or Pick’s disease did not have similar increases in lysosomal transcripts as patients with FTD-GRN or sporadic FTLD-TDP type A. Based on these data, accumulation of lysosomal proteins and storage material may be a common aspect of end-stage FTLD. However, the unique changes in gene expression in patients with FTD-GRN or sporadic FTLD-TDP type A may indicate distinct underlying lysosomal changes among FTLD subtypes.
Understanding the 2D-material and substrate interaction during epitaxial growth towards successful remote epitaxy: a review
Authors: Ji Jongho , Kwak Hoe-Min , Yu Jimyeong , Park Sangwoo , Park Jeong-Hwan , Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Seokgi , Kim Sungkyu , Lee Dong-Seon , Kum Hyun S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRemote epitaxy, which was discovered and reported in 2017, has seen a surge of interest in recent years. Although the technology seemed to be difficult to reproduce by other labs at first, remote epitaxy has come a long way and many groups are able to consistently reproduce the results with a wide range of material systems including III-V, III-N, wide band-gap semiconductors, complex-oxides, and even elementary semiconductors such as Ge. As with any nascent technology, there are critical parameters which must be carefully studied and understood to allow wide-spread adoption of the new technology. For remote epitaxy, the critical parameters are the (1) quality of two-dimensional (2D) materials, (2) transfer or growth of 2D materials on the substrate, (3) epitaxial growth method and condition. In this review, we will give an in-depth overview of the different types of 2D materials used for remote epitaxy reported thus far, and the importance of the growth and transfer method used for the 2D materials. Then, we will introduce the various growth methods for remote epitaxy and highlight the important points in growth condition for each growth method that enables successful epitaxial growth on 2D-coated single-crystalline substrates. We hope this review will give a focused overview of the 2D-material and substrate interaction at the sample preparation stage for remote epitaxy and during growth, which have not been covered in any other review to date.
Graphical Abstract
Combined spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) and Takotsubo syndrome (TTS): a case series
Authors: Saleemi Saadat Ali , Teng Lung En , Dick Ronald J. L. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) and Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) are two different entities with several shared risk factors, but their management is different. They can co-exist in patients with chest pain which affects their management. We present two cases of combined SCAD and TTS in patients presented with chest pain.

Case presentation
Case 1: 80F admitted with typical chest pain and dynamic ECG changes on the background of known anxiety/depression and social stresses. Her coronary angiogram showed SCAD affecting distal LAD. The left ventriculogram (LV gram) showed apical ballooning consistent with Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS). Patient was discharged on aspirin as well as angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB).
Case 2: 60F admitted with typical chest pain in the setting of emotional trauma on the background of known cardiovascular risk factors. She was found to have ST elevation in inferior leads with no reciprocal changes. Subsequently, coronary angiogram showed SCAD affecting mid-left anterior descending artery (LAD) with normal distal wrap around LAD. Her LV gram showed apical ballooning consistent with TTS. However, transthoracic echocardiogram showed akinetic left ventricular apex. She was discharged on aspirin as well as an ACE inhibitor and warfarin to prevent LV thrombus.

Conclusions
SCAD and TTS can co-exist in patients with chest pain. It is important to identify SCAD in patients with TTS as it may affect their short as well as long-term management.
A study of outcome of ossiculoplasty using autologous cartilage, refashioned incus, and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) prosthesis in patients of chronic suppurative otitis media
Authors: Khanam Saba Fatima , Malik Bashir Ahmad , Qazi Sajad Majid , Dar Nisar Hussain , Altaf Sanam , Khan Mohammad Imran , Farooq Nazrana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim
To find out the mean air conduction thresholds (ACT) and air–bone gap (ABG) closure across the treatment groups at the end of 3 and 6 months of follow-up.

Material and methods
Sixty patients diagnosed with COM with conductive hearing loss were included in the study. Air conduction threshold (ACT) and air–bone gap were calculated and recorded pre-operatively. Surgery was done with clearance of disease followed by reconstruction of hearing in single-stage operation using autologous conchal cartilage, refashioned incus, and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) prosthesis (PORP, TORP) depending upon the intraoperative findings during surgery. Patients were followed for up to 6 months for assessing the hearing outcome in terms of the mean air conduction threshold and mean air–bone gap closure for each group separately.

Results
The outcome of each ossiculoplasty material was calculated in terms of mean air conduction threshold and mean AB gap closure. Preoperative and postoperative air conduction threshold (ACT) at 3 months and 6 months follow-up of each group was as follows: for the autologous conchal cartilage group, 41.3 (± SD 6.69), 29.2 (± SD 5.39), and 21 (± SD 4.66); for autologous refashioned incus group, 40.4 (± SD 5.43), 28.4 (± SD 6.73), and 20.8 (± SD 4.33); for the Teflon PORP group, 42.9 (± SD 5.68), 31.4 (± SD 6.86), and 34.9 (± SD 6.37); and for the Teflon TORP group, 43.1 (± SD 5.40), 32.5 (± SD 5.91), and 36.2 (± SD 5.31). The mean air–bone gap preoperatively and postoperatively at 3 months and 6 months respectively were as follows: for autologous conchal cartilage, 40.6 (± SD 4.57), 23.7 (± SD 4.48), and 20 (± SD 5.28); for autologous refashioned incus, 39.3(± SD 4.92), 21.9 (± SD 5.61), and 19.4 (± SD 5.82); for Teflon PORP 43.0 (± SD 4.48), 32.8 (± SD 4.84), and 36.3 (± SD 5.56); and for Teflon TORP, 44.5 (± SD 5.56), 33.2 (± SD 5.53), and 35.2 (± SD 5.10).

Conclusion
The hearing outcome of ossiculoplasty varies with the type of ossiculoplasty material used. Most favorable results were obtained with refashioned autologous incus followed by autologous conchal cartilage. Teflon prosthesis has a significant improvement in hearing outcomes although the results are less favorable.
Diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound in detecting weaning-induced pulmonary edema
Authors: Hamad Dina A. , Abdel-Moniem Alaa Eldin , Meshref Taghreed S. , Mohamed Marwan N. , Elghazally Shimaa A. , Abdelrehim Ahmad B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Weaning-induced pulmonary edema (WIPO) is one of the commonest causes of weaning failure in critical care. As ultrasound machine is an easy and available tool in critical care units that help to diagnose interstitial lung syndrome by detecting B lines, it can be a handy method for diagnosis of WIPO.

Aim
We aimed to detect the threshold of increase in B lines (ΔB lines) that can accurately diagnose WIPO.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study carried on 52 mechanically ventilated patients who were eligible for weaning. Lung ultrasound was done before and after spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) to detect the increase in B lines (ΔB lines).

Results
Among the first 52 SBT, 25 trials were failed. Twelve patients developed WIPO (23% of all SBT and 48% of failing SBT). The best diagnostic accuracy for WIPO was a ΔB lines ≥ 6. In these cases, a ΔB line ≥ 6 has a sensitivity of 83.3%, a specificity of 82.5%, a positive predictive value of 58.8%, and a negative predictive value of 94.3% (area under the curve = 0.824, p < 0.001). Low body mass index (BMI) and increased number of ΔB lines were independent predictors of WIPO.

Conclusion
A ΔB lines ≥ 6 has the best diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of WIPO during SBT.

Trial registration
NCT04463303.
Enzootic epidemiology of Brucella in livestock in central Gansu Province after the National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan
Authors: Fang Yupeng , Wang Jianjun , Zhang Guanyin , Zhu Fengdong , Guo Chaoyue , Zhang Jiandong , Guo Kaixuan , Deng Yun , Zhang Jinxue , Chen Huanchun , Liu Zhengfei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBrucellosis remains one of the most common zoonoses spread worldwide, inducing enormous economic losses to the livestock industry and posing serious health threats to humans. Brucellosis re-emerged in China in the mid-1990s and reached a historically high level in 2015. The National Brucellosis Prevention and Control Plan (NBPCP) was initiated from 2016 to 2020. However, the present epidemiological status in livestock has not been elucidated, and whether Brucella variation occurred remains unclear. This study performed an extensive serological investigation in ruminant livestock from 2019 to 2021 in central Gansu Province, China. In total, 11,296 samples from 337 farms were collected to detect the specific antibodies of Brucella. The yearly average serological prevalence of Brucella at the flock level and individual level declined from 11.32% to 8.26% and 1.17% to 0.57%, respectively. The apparent individual-level seroprevalence of small and large ruminants was 0.89% and 0.52%, respectively. The brucellosis distribution has shifted from pastoral areas to agro-pastoral areas. Flock size and gender may be major risks of Brucella infection. Then, the B. melitensis TZ strain was isolated from female Tibetan sheep blood cell lysates. Phonotypical characterization demonstrated that it belongs to B. melitensis. biovar 3, and multilocus sequencing typing results indicated that it belongs to ST8. The whole genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the B. melitensis TZ strain is genetically more closely related to the B. melitensis QH61 strain. The B. melitensis TZ strain has similar growth characteristics to the B. melitensis 16 M strain. Overall, our study suggests that after strengthening control and prevention measures based on the NBPCP, there is a very low prevalence or absence of B. melitensis in the central Gansu Province of China, and the genotype of an epidemic strain of Brucella in Northwest China is relatively stable.
Friction on layered media: How deep do phonons reach?
Authors: Lee Miru , Weber Niklas , Volkert Cynthia A. , Krüger Matthias 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We theoretically study the frictional damping of a small probe object on a coated planar surface, analyzing the resulting phonon modes via a theory of viscoelasticity. Three different types of excitations are found to contribute to friction in distinct ways: traveling (3D) spherical waves, traveling (2D) surface waves, and evanescent waves. While traveling waves transport energy away from the probe, determined by long range elastic properties (wavelength), evanescent waves transform energy into heat in a near-field range, characterized by the size of the probe. Thus, fundamentally different behaviors are predicted, depending on coating thickness and material properties.
Attitudes toward immigration in Europe: Cross-regional differences
Authors: Dražanová Lenka , Gonnot Jérôme 
Published: April 2023

Background: This article investigates how European public opinion has responded to short-term variations in regional immigration over the past decade (2010-2019). Methods: Combining data from the European Social Survey and the European Union Labour Force Survey and using multilevel modelling, we test how natives’ opinions over migration policy and the contribution of immigrants to society have changed with the net rate of international migrants in 183 EU regions from 21 countries. Results: We find that while European natives living in regions with a higher share of foreign-born populations are generally less anti-immigrant, a short-term increase in the number of immigrants within a given region is associated with more negative attitudes. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the importance of temporal dynamics for attitudes to immigration. They also point to the relevance of regional variations in attitudes beside cross-country differences.
Neural Temporal Difference and Q Learning Provably Converge to Global Optima
Authors: Cai Qi , Yang Zhuoran , Lee Jason D. , Wang Zhaoran 
Published: April 2023

Temporal difference learning (TD), coupled with neural networks, is among the most fundamental building blocks of deep reinforcement learning. However, because of the nonlinearity in value function approximation, such a coupling leads to nonconvexity and even divergence in optimization. As a result, the global convergence of neural TD remains unclear. In this paper, we prove for the first time that neural TD converges at a sublinear rate to the global optimum of the mean-squared projected Bellman error for policy evaluation. In particular, we show how such global convergence is enabled by the overparameterization of neural networks, which also plays a vital role in the empirical success of neural TD. We establish the theory for two-layer neural networks in the main paper and extend them to multilayer neural networks in the appendix. Beyond policy evaluation, we establish the global convergence of neural (soft) Q learning. Funding: Z. Yang acknowledges the Theory of Reinforceement Learning program at Simons Institute. J. D. Lee acknowledges support of the ARO under MURI Award W911NF-11-1-0304, the Sloan Research Fellowship, NSF CCF 2002272, NSF IIS 2107304, ONR Young Investigator Award, and NSF-CAREER under award #2144994. Z. Wang acknowledges National Science Foundation [Awards 2048075, 2008827, 2015568, 1934931], Simons Institute (Theory of Reinforcement Learning), Amazon, J.P. Morgan, and Two Sigma for their supports.
Multiplex PCR detection of mackerel-based food adulteration with pleco and chicken in selected areas around Ciliwung River, Indonesia
Authors: WIDAYANTI RINI , NUGROHO HERJUNO ARI , MEGARANI DOROTHEA VERA , WIDIASIH DYAH AYU , PAKPAHAN SUHENDRA 
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Widiyanti R, Nugroho HA, Megarani DV, Widiasih DA, Pakpahan S. 2023. Multiplex PCR detection of mackerel-based food adulteration with pleco and chicken in selected areas around Ciliwung River, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1538-1543. Detecting fish product adulteration is crucial to ensure food safety since pleco meat was already reported to carry several heavy metals that might harm human health. Pleco is invasive species in the Ciliwung River and is commonly used as adulteration material for fish-based products. Adulteration in mackerel-based food products may alter the nutritional value and carry heavy metal contamination from the bottom-feeder fish's meat (pleco). Therefore, using the DNA barcoding technique, a molecular approach has been used to authenticate mackerel fish products (including dumplings and otak-otak). This study aimed to develop a specific multiplex PCR method for simultaneously detecting processed products from mackerel and pleco. The sample consists of 21 processed food items initially made from mackerel. The samples were taken in the selected area around the Ciliwung River. All the samples can be amplified successfully, and amplification lengths were 108, 171, and 300 bp, respectively. Analysis from various claimed mackerel products showed that five samples were positive for pleco adulteration, and 11 products contained chicken meat addition. The phylogenetic tree was constructed from selected sequences from our samples and showed that the amplicons were clustered in three clades, mackerel (Scomberomorus), pleco (Pterygoplichthys), and chicken (Gallus gallusLinnaeus, 1758). The findings of this study revealed that 23.80% (5/21) products contained pleco, and 52.38% (11/21) contained chicken meat addition. The addition of an unusual component to food composition may alter nutritional value as well as may affect food hygiene and safety.
Measure by measure: Resting heart rate across the 24-hour cycle
Authors: Speed Cathy , Arneil Thomas , Harle Robert , Wilson Alex , Karthikesalingam Alan , McConnell Michael , Phillips Justin 
Published: April 2023

Background
Photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors, typically found in wrist-worn devices, can continuously monitor heart rate (HR) in large populations in real-world settings. Resting heart rate (RHR) is an important biomarker of morbidities and mortality, but no universally accepted definition nor measurement criteria exist. In this study, we provide a working definition of RHR and describe a method for accurate measurement of this biomarker, recorded using PPG derived from wristband measurement across the 24-hour cycle.

Methods
433 healthy subjects wore a wrist device that measured activity and HR for up to 3 months. HR during inactivity was recorded and the duration of inactivity needed for HR to stabilise was ascertained. We identified the lowest HR during each 24-hour cycle (true RHR) and examined the time of day or night this occurred. The variation of HR during inactivity through the 24-hour cycle was also assessed. The sample was also subdivided according to daily activity levels for subset analysis.

Findings
Adequate data was obtained for 19,242 days and 18,520 nights. HR stabilised in most subjects after 4 minutes of inactivity. Mean (SD) RHR for the sample was 54.5 (8.0) bpm (day) and 50.5 (7.6) bpm (night). RHR values were highest in the least active group (lowest MET quartile). A circadian variation of HR during inactivity was confirmed, with the lowest values being between 0300 and 0700 hours for most subjects.

Interpretation
RHR measured using a PPG-based wrist-worn device is significantly lower at night than in the day, and a circadian rhythm of HR during inactivity was confirmed. Since RHR is such an important health metric, clarity on the definition and measurement methodology used is important. For most subjects, a minimum rest time of 4 minutes provides a reliable measurement of HR during inactivity and true RHR in a 24-hour cycle is best measured between 0300 and 0700 hours. Funding: This study was funded by Google.
Long time behavior of the solution to a chemotaxis system with
nonlinear indirect signal production and logistic source
Authors: Wang Chang-Jian , Zhu Ya-Jie , Zhu Xin-Cai 
Published: April 2023

This paper is devoted to studying the following quasilinear
parabolic-elliptic-elliptic chemotaxis system

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Growth Hormone Therapy in Decompensated Cirrhosis: An Open-Label, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kumari Sunita , De Arka , Kalra Naveen , Singh Virendra 
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Effect of long-term growth-hormone (GH) therapy in decompensated cirrhosis (DC) is unknown. We studied the safety and efficacy of GH therapy on malnutrition, nitrogen metabolism, and hormonal changes in patients with DC.

METHODS:
Patients with DC were randomized to standard medical therapy plus GH (group A; n = 38) or standard medical therapy alone (group B; n = 38). Body mass index, midarm muscle circumference (MAMC), hand grip strength (HGS), liver frailty index (LFI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), nitrogen balance, Child-Turcotte-Pugh, model for end-stage liver disease, quality of life (QOL), serum albumin, GH, insulin like growth factor-1, and acid labile subunit (ALS) were assessed at baseline and at 12 months.

RESULTS:
The mean difference between baseline and 12-months in SMI (−6.122 [−9.460 to −2.785] cm2/m2), body mass index (−2.078 [−3.584 to −0.5718] kg/m2), MAMC (−1.960 [−2.928 to −0.9908] cm), HGS (−5.595 [−7.159 to −4.031] kg), albumin (−0.3967 [−0.6876 to −0.1057] g/dL), LFI (0.3328 [0.07786–0.5878]), Child-Turcotte-Pugh (0.9624 [0.1435–1.781]), model for end-stage liver disease (1.401 [0.04698–2.75]), insulin-like growth factor-1 (−6.295 [−11.09 to −1.495] ng/dL), and ALS (−8.728 [−14.12 to −3.341] pg/mL) were statistically significantly better (P < 0.05) in group A. There was no improvement in nutritional parameters, clinical scores, QOL scores, or nitrogen balance in group B. The mean difference between group A and B in SMI, HGS, MAMC, LFI, ALS, physical component summary, and mental component summary at 12 months was also statistically significant. Survival at 12 months was similar in both groups (P = 0.35). No serious adverse events were observed.

DISCUSSION:
Long-term use of GH is safe in DC and leads to improvement in malnutrition and possibly QOL. However, there is no improvement in 12-month survival (NCT03420144).