bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence‐based rationale for low dose nivolumab in critically ill patients with sepsis‐induced immunosuppression
Authors: van den Haak Demy A. C. , Otten Leila‐Sophie , Koenen Hans J. P. M. , Smeets Ruben L. , Piet Berber , Pickkers Peter , Kox Matthijs , ter Heine Rob 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA substantial part of critically ill patients suffer from sepsis‐induced immunosuppression. Reversal of immunosuppression through PD‐1 checkpoint inhibition has been proposed as a treatment strategy to overcome immunosuppression in these patients. The PD‐1 inhibitor nivolumab, currently used in treatment of cancer, has been evaluated in phase I/II studies in patients with sepsis, demonstrating tolerability and signs of clinical efficacy. No proper dose finding was performed in these studies and, after a single high dose of 480 mg or 960 mg nivolumab, PD‐1 inhibition persisted beyond 90 days in the majority of cases. As the duration of sepsis is ~7–10 days, prolonged PD‐1 inhibition may unnecessarily induce longer‐term immune‐related side effects. Based on previously published pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of nivolumab, a thorough in silico dose finding study for nivolumab in critically ill patients was performed. We found that volume of distribution and clearance of nivolumab were not higher in patients with sepsis compared to the cancer population for which nivolumab is currently approved and showed profound variability. We found that with a single dose of 20 mg nivolumab, the PD‐1 receptor occupancy is predicted to stay above the 90% threshold for a median of 23 days (90% prediction interval of 7–78 days). We propose to investigate this dose in critically ill patients as a potential safe and cost‐effective pharmacotherapeutic intervention to treat sepsis‐induced immunosuppression.
Implications of past and present genetic connectivity for management of the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
Authors: Lloyd‐Jones Luke R. , Brien Matthew L. , Feutry Pierre , Lawrence Emma , Beri Paul , Booth Simon , Coulson Steven , Baylis Shane M. , Villiers Kira , Taplin Laurence E. , Westcott David A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEffective management of protected species requires information on appropriate evolutionary and geographic population boundaries and knowledge of how the physical environment and life‐history traits combine to shape the population structure and connectivity. Saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) are the largest and most widely distributed of living crocodilians, extending from Sri Lanka to Southeast Asia and down to northern Australia. Given the long‐distance movement capabilities reported for C. porosus, management units are hypothesised to be highly connected by migration. However, the magnitude, scale, and consistency of connection across managed populations are not fully understood. Here we used an efficient genotyping method that combines DArTseq and sequence capture to survey 3000 high‐quality genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms from 1176 C. porosus sampled across nearly the entire range of the species in Queensland, Australia. We investigated historical and present‐day connectivity patterns using fixation and diversity indices coupled with clustering methods and the spatial distribution of kin pairs. We inferred kinship using forward simulation coupled with a kinship estimation method that is robust to unspecified population structure. The results demonstrated that the C. porosus population has substantial genetic structure with six broad populations correlated with geographical location. The rate of gene flow was highly correlated with spatial distance, with greater differentiation along the east coast compared to the west. Kinship analyses revealed evidence of reproductive philopatry and limited dispersal, with approximately 90% of reported first and second‐degree relatives showing a pairwise distance of <50 km between sampling locations. Given the limited dispersal, lack of suitable habitat, low densities of crocodiles and the high proportion of immature animals in the population, future management and conservation interventions should be considered at regional and state‐wide scales.
Enhancement of physicochemical properties, antioxidant, antitumor, and anticoagulant activities via acetylation of Hypsizygus ulmarius polysaccharide
Authors: Thimmaraju Alamelu , Govindan Sudha , Rajendran Archana , Ramani Prasanna , Pateiro Mirian , Lorenzo José M. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryA polysaccharide (HUP1) was extracted and purified from Hypsizygus ulmarius fruiting bodies and further acetylated (Ac‐HUP1) to improve their physicochemical properties and bioactivities. Chemical and FT‐IR spectrum analyses results indicated differences in functionality and activity between HUP1 and Ac‐HUP1, demonstrating the efficacy of the acetylation. HUP1 has an acetyl group with a degree of substitution (DS) 0.34. The molecular weight of the modified acetylated derivatives was reduced, according to the HPSEC findings. The native and acetylated polysaccharides included varying molar percentages of Ara, Man, Glu, GlcA, and GalA. The Ac‐HUP1 outperformed HUP1 in antioxidant activity using the radical scavengers ABTS, DMPD, DPPH, superoxide, and OH radicals. In addition, Ac‐HUP1 demonstrated higher activity in reducing power using Prussian blue, cupric ion, ferric ion, and phosphomolybdenum, as well as in lipid peroxidation inhibition assay. HUP1 and Ac‐HUP1 inhibited five cancer cells (HT29, PC3, HeLa, Jurkat, and HepG‐2) at concentrations from 10 to 320 μg mL−1, and the impact was more pronounced in acetylated derivative, which was determined by MTT assay. Ac‐HUP1, compared to HUP1, considerably prolonged the APTT, PT, and TT exhibiting anticoagulant activities. Therefore, acetylation modification may improve polysaccharide'sphysicochemical and biological characteristics, allowing them to be employed in the food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries.
Rapid recognition of processed milk type using electrical impedance spectroscopy and machine learning
Authors: Huang Ziyu , Xiao Yanghao , Xiao Yuhui , Cai Honghao , Ni Hui 
Published: April 2023

SummaryUnscrupulous merchants would sell cheap, low‐nutrition formula milk powder as pasteurised milk, or use it as a raw material in dairy products, for the purpose of making a profit. Currently, biochemical methods are utilised to identify the type of processed milk, which could involve chemical reagents, sample preparation and costly instruments. This paper investigates the utility of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in distinguishing different types of processed milk. Ultra‐high temperature sterilised milk, pasteurised milk and formula milk powder were studied. The one‐factor analysis of variance revealed that milk type had a significant influence on electrical properties, whereas sensory analysis, pH and total soluble solids showed poor discrimination of milk type. Recognition models were developed using Support Vector Classification, Partial Least Squares‐Discriminant Analysis (PLS‐DA), Gaussian Naive Bayes and Random Forest (RF). The nested cross‐validation and the external validation set (N = 45) indicated the RF model had the highest predicting accuracy of 97.8%; whereas PLS‐DA had a misclassification rate of 33.3% on positive samples and was, therefore, unsuitable for the authentication. The results demonstrated that the EIS data was featured enough for a small sample modelling (N = 75), and the established method was simple, fast and effective for liquid food classification.
Feminizing care pathways: Mixed‐methods study of reproductive options, decision making, pregnancy, post‐natal care and parenting amongst women with kidney disease
Authors: Mc Laughlin Leah , Jones Caron , Neukirchinger Barbara , Noyes Jane , Stone Judith , Williams Helen , Williams Denitza , Rapado Rose , Phillips Rhiannon , Griffin Sian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify the needs, experiences and preferences of women with kidney disease in relation to their reproductive health to inform development of shared decision‐making interventions.DesignUK‐wide mixed‐methods convergent design (Sep 20–Aug 21).MethodsOnline questionnaire (n = 431) with validated components. Purposively sampled semi‐structured interviews (n = 30). Patient and public input throughout.FindingsKidney disease was associated with defeminization, negatively affecting current (sexual) relationships and perceptions of future life goals. There was little evidence that shared decision making was taking place. Unplanned pregnancies were common, sometimes influenced by poor care and support and complicated systems. Reasons for (not) wanting children varied. Complicated pregnancies and miscarriages were common. Women often felt that it was more important to be a “good mother” than to address their health needs, which were often unmet and unrecognized. Impacts of pregnancy on disease and options for alternates to pregnancy were not well understood.ConclusionThe needs and reproductive priorities of women are frequently overshadowed by their kidney disease. High‐quality shared decision‐making interventions need to be embedded as routine in a feminized care pathway that includes reproductive health. Research is needed in parallel to examine the effectiveness of interventions and address inequalities.ImpactWe do not fully understand the expectations, needs, experiences and preferences of women with kidney disease for planning and starting a family or deciding not to have children.Women lack the knowledge, resources and opportunities to have high‐quality conversations with their healthcare professionals. Decisions are highly personal and related to a number of health, social and cultural factors; individualized approaches to care are essential.Healthcare services need to be redesigned to ensure that women are able to make informed choices about pregnancy and alternative routes to becoming a parent.Patient or Public ContributionThe original proposal for this research came from listening to the experiences of women in clinic who reported unmet needs and detailed experiences of their pregnancies (positive and negative). A patient group was involved in developing the funding application and helped to refine the objectives by sharing their experiences. Two women who are mothers living with kidney disease were co‐opted as core members of the research team. We hosted an interim findings event and invited patients and wider support services (adoption, fertility, surrogacy, education and maternal chronic kidney disease clinics) from across the UK to attend. We followed the UK national standards for patient and public involvement throughout.
Engagement and response to a psychoeducation program for family members of inpatients undergoing treatment for substance use disorder
Authors: Camargo Claudia Cristina de Oliveira , Neto Francisco L. , Tavares Hermano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe goal of this study was to evaluate a sample of family members, among whom individuals were undergoing inpatient treatment for substance use disorder and identify predictors of engagement in a family support program. A total of 159 family nuclei were analyzed; 36 (22.6%) completed the program and 123 (77.4%) did not complete the program. Compared to nonparticipants, participants were majorly female (91.9%), younger (43.3 years old, SD = 16.5), unemployed, homemakers, and not financially independent (56.7%). The results showed the predominant participation of wives (29.7%) and offspring (mostly daughters, 27.0%). Participants also reported a higher rate of depressive symptoms (p = 0.003) and worse quality of life, primarily environmental. The frequency of domestic violence was higher among participants than among nonparticipants (27.9% vs. 9.0%, p = 0.005). Engagement in family support programs is the first challenge to overcome. The nonparticipants' profile shows the need to adopt engagement strategies that encompass males and facilitate the participation of breadwinning family members.
Sex‐specific differences in the circadian pattern of action potential firing by rat suprachiasmatic nucleus vasopressin neurons
Authors: Thirouin Zahra S. , Gizowski Claire , Murtaz Anzala , Bourque Charles W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus serves as the master circadian clock in mammals. Most SCN neurons express the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) along with a peptide cotransmitter. Notably, the neuropeptides vasopressin (VP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) define two prominent clusters within the SCN: those located in the ventral core (VIP) and those forming the dorsomedial “shell” of the nucleus (VP). Axons emerging from VP neurons in the shell are thought to mediate much of the SCN's output to other brain regions as well as VP release into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Previous work has shown that VP release by SCN neurons is activity dependent and SCN VP neurons fire action potentials at a higher rate during the light phase. Accordingly, CSF VP levels are higher during daytime. Interestingly, the amplitude of the CSF VP rhythm is greater in males than females, suggesting the existence of sex differences in the electrical activity of SCN VP neurons. Here we investigated this hypothesis by performing cell‐attached recordings from 1070 SCN VP neurons across the entire circadian cycle in both sexes of transgenic rats that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the VP gene promoter. Using an immunocytochemical approach we confirmed that >60% of SCN VP neurons display visible GFP. Recordings in acute coronal slices revealed that VP neurons display a striking circadian pattern of action potential firing, but the characteristics of this activity cycle differ in males and females. Specifically, neurons in males reached a significantly higher peak firing frequency during subjective daytime compared to females and the acrophase occurred ~1 h earlier in females. Peak firing rates in females were not significantly different at various phases of the estrous cycle.
The vowel space as sociolinguistic sign
Authors: Pratt Teresa 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper examines variation in vowel space area and its use in social meaning making. Among adolescents at a California high school, patterns of difference in vowel space correlate to social practices of exclusion in the partying scene, albeit alongside explicit discourses of high school social life as inclusive and fluid. I treat vowel space as a sociolinguistic sign, that is, a holistic semiotic resource at play in addition to (or in tandem with) individual segments. Though the semiotic potential of a given linguistic sign is no doubt shaped by large‐scale patterns of variation, the particular manifestations of meaning making are best viewed at the community level alongside other day‐to‐day practices. Further, I suggest that linguistic practices of difference and discourses of sameness are not contradictory, but instead a feature of the semiotic landscape. I thus interpret this vowel space variation as stylistically meaningful within the context of social actors’ ideological orientation to social life.
Academic word difficulty and multidimensional lexical sophistication: An English‐for‐academic‐purposes‐focused conceptual replication of Hashimoto and Egbert (2019)
Authors: Vitta Joseph P. , Nicklin Christopher , Albright Simon W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article presents a conceptual replication of Hashimoto and Egbert (https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12353), a study that featured multivariate models where lexical sophistication variables accounted for word difficulty (yes–no recognition) better than frequency alone among learners of English as a second or foreign language from North America. This current study (nwords = 88; npeople = 128) conceptually replicated Hashimoto and Egbert with data from three Asian university English‐for‐academic‐purposes sites. Methodological differences included a more conservative lexical sophistication operationalization process and avoidance of stepwise regression. Like the original study, the replication's findings favored multivariate models over frequency, which predicted 36% of word difficulty's variance alone. In a multiple regression model accounting for word difficulty, R2 = .52, frequency accounted for 17% of the predicted variance with age of acquisition (AoA: 18%) and word naming reaction time (WN_RT: 16%) also being significant predictors. This replication also extended the testing approach by using a mixed‐effect model, involving person and site intercepts as random effects. The model's ability to predict word difficulty fell, marginal R2 = .22, conditional R2 = .40, but frequency, AoA, and WN_RT remained the strongest predictors. Taken together, this replication successfully supports the original study's more‐than‐frequency conclusion while highlighting the need for further research into the area.
Double mutation of claudin‐1 and claudin‐3 causes alopecia in infant mice
Authors: Suzuki Koya , Yamaga Kosuke , Tokumasu Reitaro , Katsuno Tatsuya , Tanaka Hiroo , Chiba Shuhei , Yagi Takeshi , Katayama Ichiro , Tamura Atsushi , Murota Hiroyuki , Tsukita Sachiko 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHair follicles (HFs) undergo cyclic phases of growth, regression, and rest in association with hair shafts to maintain the hair coat. Nonsense mutations in the tight junction protein claudin (CLDN)‐1 cause hair loss in humans. Therefore, we evaluated the roles of CLDNs in hair retention. Among the 27 CLDN family members, CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN6, and CLDN7 were expressed in the inner bulge layer, isthmus, and sebaceous gland of murine HFs. Hair phenotypes were observed in Cldn1 weaker knockdown and Cldn3‐knockout (Cldn1Δ/ΔCldn3−/−) mice. Although hair growth was normal, Cldn1Δ/ΔCldn3−/− mice showed striking hair loss in the first telogen. Simultaneous deficiencies in CLDN1 and CLDN3 caused abnormalities in telogen HFs, such as an aberrantly layered architecture of epithelial cell sheets in bulges with multiple cell layers, mislocalization of bulges adjacent to sebaceous glands, and dilated hair canals. Along with the telogen HF abnormalities, which shortened the hair retention period, there was an enhanced proliferation of the epithelium surrounding HFs in Cldn1Δ/ΔCldn3−/− mice, causing accelerated hair regrowth in adults. Our findings suggested that CLDN1 and CLDN3 may regulate hair retention in infant mice by maintaining the appropriate layered architecture of HFs, a deficiency of which can lead to alopecia.
Assessing the delivering of iMAgery‐focused therapy for PSychosis (iMAPS) via telehealth
Authors: Cairns Aimee J. J. , Kelly James , Taylor Christopher D. J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the feasibility and acceptability of a novel telehealth (video‐conferencing software and telephone calls) imagery‐based therapeutic intervention for people experiencing persecutory delusions. Utilising a multiple baseline case series design and exploring imagery‐focused therapy for psychosis (iMAPS).DesignA non‐concurrent A‐B multiple baseline design was used.MethodsParticipants experiencing persecutory delusions and self‐reporting a psychosis or schizophrenia‐spectrum diagnosis were recruited through online adverts. On completion of assessments, participants were randomly assigned to multiple baseline assessments, of between three and five sessions. Six therapy sessions followed, consisting of imagery formulation, safe‐place imagery creation, compassionate imagery, imagery manipulation and rescripting. Participants completed pre‐ and post‐measures and sessional measures via an online survey software or in semi‐structured interviews. Two weeks post‐intervention, a final measure was completed exploring any potential adverse effects of psychotherapy.ResultsFive female participants completed all baseline and therapeutic sessions, suggesting the therapy was and mode of delivery was feasible and acceptable. Results indicate strong effect sizes across PANSS positive subscale and mood, as well as participants reporting a clinically significant change in at least one measure, for example, PSYRATS. All participants reported a reduction in the realness and compelling nature of distressing imagery.ConclusionsResults suggest delivering a telehealth imagery‐focused therapy is acceptable and feasibly delivered via telehealth. A control group and blinding of assessments would strengthen the methodological limitations present.
Production of Biokerosene Hydrocarbons using Coconut Oil with CoO-NiO/Kaolin Catalyst via Solvent-free and Inert Atmosphere Catalytic Deoxygenation
Authors: Athirah Anis , Othman Norazila , Mohd Jaafar Mohammad Nazri 
Published: April 2023

Concerns on the depletion of fossil fuel and emissions of harmful gases lead to the search for alternative aviation fuel. The present study demonstrates the production of biokerosene hydrocarbons from coconut oil via solvent-free catalytic deoxygenation under inert Nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. The deoxygenated product is examined through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to determine its chemical composition and hydrocarbons distribution. CoO-NiO/Kaolin catalyst was used along with several other catalysts to study the reactivity of different catalysts in catalytic deoxygenation. Coconut oil is composed of middle-chain saturated fatty acids (capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid) which are favorable for the conversion into biokerosene hydrocarbons due to their carbon chain length. In terms of the types of catalyst, CoO-NiO/Kaolin proves to be the best catalyst with optimum selectivity of biokerosene hydrocarbons at 83.4%. A parametric study was executed on coconut oil using CoO-NiO/Kaolin, and the result indicated that the optimum reaction conditions are 330 oC, 2 hours of reaction time, and 5 wt.% of catalyst. The biokerosene hydrocarbons produced have the likelihood to be the drop-in substitutes for aviation fuel.