bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-146b-5p downregulates IRAK1 and ADAM19 to suppress trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and migration in miscarriage
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Li Xueyu , Tan Xuemei , Deng Lingjie , Zhong Linlin , Wei Changqiang , Ruan Heyun , Lu Yebin , Pang Lihong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A large proportion of miscarriages are classified as unexplained miscarriages since no cause is identified. No reliable biomarkers or treatments are available for these pregnancy losses. While our transcriptomic sequencing has revealed substantial upregulation of miR-146b-5p in unexplained miscarriage villous tissues, its role and associated molecular processes have yet to be fully characterized. Our work revealed that relative to samples from normal pregnancy, miR-146b-5p was significantly elevated in villous tissues from unexplained miscarriage patients and displayed promising diagnostic potential. Moreover, miR-146b-5p agomir contributed to higher rates of embryonic resorption in ICR mice. When overexpressed in HTR-8/SVneo cells, miR-146b-5p attenuated the proliferative, invasive, and migratory activity of these cells while suppressing the expression of MMP9 and immune inflammation-associated cytokines, including IL1B, IL11, CXCL1, CXCL8, and CXCL12. Conversely, inhibition of its expression enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Mechanistically, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 19 were identified as miR-146b-5p targets regulating trophoblast function, and silencing IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 had similar effects as miR-146b-5p overexpression, while IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 overexpression could partially reverse the inhibitory impact of this microRNA on trophoblasts. miR-146b-5p may inhibit trophoblast proliferation, migration, invasion, and implantation-associated inflammation by downregulating IL-1 receptor-associated kinase-1 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 19, participating in the pathogenesis of miscarriage and providing a critical biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for unexplained miscarriage.
Characterization of TNSALP expression, localization, and activity in ovine utero-placental tissues
Authors: Stenhouse Claire , Halloran Katherine M , Newton Makenzie G , Moses Robyn M , Sah Nirvay , Suva Larry J , Gaddy Dana , Bazer Fuller W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP; encoded by ALPL gene) has a critical role in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis postnatally. However, the utero-placental expression of TNSALP and the role in phosphate transport in pregnancy is poorly understood. Estrous cycles of ewes were synchronized, and ewes were euthanized and hysterectomized on Days 1, 9, or 14 of the estrous cycle or bred to fertile rams and euthanized and hysterectomized on Days 9, 12, 17, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, or 125 of pregnancy. The expression of ALPL mRNA, immunolocalization of TNSALP protein, and quantification and localization of TNSALP enzymatic activity was performed on ovine endometria and placentomes. Day of the estrous cycle did not alter ALPL mRNA expression or enzymatic activity of TNSALP. TNSALP protein localized to uterine epithelial and stromal cells, blood vessels, myometrium, caruncular, and cotyledonary stroma. TNSALP activity was localized to uterine epithelia, blood vessels, caruncular stroma (from Day 70 of gestation), and the apical surface of chorionic epithelia (from Day 50 of gestation). TNSALP protein and activity localized to the apical surface of uterine epithelia during the estrous cycle and in early pregnancy. Endometrial TNSALP enzymatic activity was downregulated on Days 17 and 30 of gestation (P &lt; 0.05). Expression of ALPL mRNA decreased in late gestation in endometria and placentomes (P &lt; 0.05). TNSALP activity peaked in placentomes on Days 70 and 90 of gestation. Collectively, these results suggest a potential role of TNSALP in the regulation of phosphate transport and homeostasis at the maternal–conceptus interface in ruminants.
Educating Young People about Vulnerability to Sexual Exploitation: Safeguarding Practitioners’ Standpoints at the Intersections of Gender, Sexuality and Risk
Authors: Mythen Gabe , Weston Samantha 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article discusses findings from a qualitative study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) awareness-raising programme targeted at young people. Drawing on data from in-depth interviews with practitioners involved in a multi-agency team established to reduce vulnerability to CSE, we elucidate that, in addition to being directed by professional codes, practitioners’ perceptions and judgements were also influenced by gendered assumptions and underlying anxieties about childhood sexuality. The empirical data presented suggest that attitudes towards young people and intervention decisions are partially steered by cultural values that connect not only to personal morals but also influence decisions made in conjunction with professional risk analytic frameworks. Our analysis indicates that broader investigation of the commingling of personal and professional values in safeguarding contexts is required, alongside the creation of protected spaces for professional reflection and dialogue amongst practitioners to support decision-making.
Social Workers in Socio-Legal Collaborations: Re-Asserting a Pivotal Role of Influence and Leadership
Authors: Davidson Jennifer , Hall Georgia , Rose David 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Current legal discourse puts forward socio-legal collaborations, integrated social work and legal practice and medical/legal partnerships as innovations from the legal sector aimed at resolving clients’ intertwined legal and social issues. In doing so it has generalised and diminished the specific contribution in these programmes of highly skilled social work staff. This article sets out a study of Australian socio-legal collaborations to re-establish the significant contribution made by social workers in this sector. It argues that social workers are the dominant social service profession and provide integral practice and leadership contributions. It argues that further research in Australia and internationally is required to support social work to stand in leadership alongside lawyers, not only in these programmes but also in the discourse and sector that surrounds them.
Small interfering RNAs in the management of human osteoporosis
Authors: Gargano Giuseppe , Asparago Giovanni , Spiezia Filippo , Oliva Francesco , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Osteoporosis results in reduced bone mass and consequent bone fragility. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can be used for therapeutic purposes, as molecular targets or as useful markers to test new therapies.

Sources of data
A systematic search of different databases to May 2023 was performed to define the role of siRNAs in osteoporosis therapy. Fourteen suitable studies were identified.

Areas of agreement
SiRNAs may be useful in studying metabolic processes in osteoporosis and identify possible therapeutic targets for novel drug therapies.

Areas of controversy
The metabolic processes of osteoporosis are regulated by many genes and cytokines that can be targeted by siRNAs. However, it is not easy to predict whether the in vitro responses of the studied siRNAs and drugs are applicable in vivo.

Growing points
Metabolic processes can be affected by the effect of gene dysregulation mediated by siRNAs on various growth factors.

Areas timely for developing research
Despite the predictability of pharmacological response of siRNA in vitro, similar responses cannot be expected in vivo.
Associations between maternal chronic diseases and congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract in offspring: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chou Hsin-Hsu , Chen Chih-Chia , Tsai Ching-Fang , Kuo Pao-Lin , Chiou Yuan-Yow 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The relationship between maternal chronic diseases and congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) in offspring still needs elucidation. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the associations between maternal chronic disease and CAKUT in their offspring.

Methods
Data of mothers and children were extracted from the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database and National Health Insurance Research Database. The concept of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) was used to select maternal chronic diseases.

Results
The study cohort included 1 196 175 mothers and 1 628 706 offspring. Analysis showed that maternal chronic diseases, especially type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, connective tissue disorders and CAKUT were highly associated with CAKUT in the offspring. Higher maternal age, abnormal birthweight (&gt;3500 g or &lt;2500 g), gestational age &lt;36 weeks and birth order &lt;2 were all associated with a higher risk of CAKUT. Maternal chronic hypertension and taking angiotensin-related drugs increased the odds ratios of obstructive kidney disease in the offspring. Offspring tended to have the same type of CAKUT as their mothers.

Conclusion
Maternal chronic diseases, older maternal age and abnormal birthweight are risk factors for CAKUT. Also, a percentage of patients with CAKUT were not full-term newborns. Results support prenatal counselling and health management of pregnant women with chronic diseases and extra care for infants with a high risk of anomalies. It is strongly recommended that prevention of CAKUT in offspring should start with care of the mothers’ prenatal chronic diseases.
Early mortality critically impedes improvements in thyroid cancer survival through a half century
Authors: Tichanek Filip , Försti Asta , Liska Vaclv , Hemminki Otto , Koskinen Anni , Hemminki Akseli , Hemminki Kari 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
We analyze survival in thyroid cancer from Denmark (DK), Finland (FI), Norway (NO), and Sweden (SE) over a 50-year period (1971-2020), and additionally consider concomitant changes in incidence and mortality.

Design
Population-based survival study.

Methods
Relative 1-, 5/1 (conditional)-, and 5-year survival data were obtained from the NORDCAN database for years 1971-2020. Incidence and mortality rates were also assessed.

Results
A novel consistent observation was that 1-year survival was worse than 5/1-year survival but the difference between these decreased with time. Relative 1-year survival in thyroid cancer (mean for the 4 countries) reached 92.7% for men and 95.6% for women; 5-year survival reached 88.0% for men and 93.7% for women. Survival increased most for DK which started at a low level and reached the best survival at the end. Male and female incidence rates for thyroid cancer increased 3- and 4-fold, respectively. In the same time, mortality halved for men and for women, it decreased by 2/3.

Conclusions
We documented worse relative survival in the first year than in the 4 subsequent years, most likely because of rare anaplastic cancer. Overall survival in thyroid cancer patients increased in the Nordic countries in the course of 50 years; 5-year survival was close to 90% for men and close to 95% for women. Even though overdiagnosis may explain some of 5-year survival increase, it is unlikely to influence the substantial increase in 1-year survival. The unmet need is to increase 1-year survival by diagnosing and treating aggressive tumors before metastatic spread.
Comparison of conservation instruments under long-run yield uncertainty and farmer risk aversion
Authors: Ma Meilin , Reeling Carson , Hughes Megan N , Armstrong Shalamar , Roth Richard 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Consumers and policymakers are increasingly concerned with environmental sustainability in food production. Yet rates of adoption of many conservation practices vary and are generally low. Existing instruments for practice adoption increase farmers’ expected net benefits from sustainable practices but do not manage associated risks which may be critical to risk-averse farmers. We build a model to characterize practice adoption by risk-averse farmers given practice-driven, long-run yield dynamics under various instruments, including price premiums, lump-sum subsidies and green insurance. We find rich scale and compositional effects that differ across instruments and that green insurance is significantly more cost-effective under plausible conditions.
Demographic reconstruction of the Western sheep expansion from whole-genome sequences
Authors: Morell Miranda Pedro , Soares André E R , Günther Torsten 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
As one of the earliest livestock, sheep (Ovis aries) were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent about 12,000–10,000 years ago and have a nearly worldwide distribution today. Most of our knowledge about the timing of their expansions stems from archaeological data but it is unclear how the genetic diversity of modern sheep fits with these dates. We used whole-genome sequencing data of 63 domestic breeds and their wild relatives, the Asiatic mouflon (O. gmelini, previously known as O. orientalis), to explore the demographic history of sheep. On the global scale, our analysis revealed geographic structuring among breeds with unidirectional recent gene flow from domestics into Asiatic mouflons. We then selected 4 representative breeds from Spain, Morocco, the United Kingdom, and Iran to build a comprehensive demographic model of the Western sheep expansion. We inferred a single domestication event around 11,000 years ago. The subsequent westward expansion is dated to approximately 7,000 years ago, later than the original Neolithic expansion of sheep and slightly predating the Secondary Product Revolution associated with wooly sheep. We see some signals of recent gene flow from an ancestral population into Southern European breeds which could reflect admixture with feral European mouflon. Furthermore, our results indicate that many breeds experienced a reduction of their effective population size during the last centuries, probably associated with modern breed development. Our study provides insights into the complex demographic history of Western Eurasian sheep, highlighting interactions between breeds and their wild counterparts.
A scoping review of food and nutrition literacy programs
Authors: Cabezas María-Francisca , Nazar Gabriela 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The impact of food literacy (FL) and nutrition literacy (NL) programs on lifestyles and health is recognized in the literature, yet few studies systematize it. This study aims to deepen the understanding of FL/NL from the characterization of programs in terms of (i) theoretical foundations, conceptualization and measuring instruments; (ii) characterization of the FL/NL programs and results and (iii) limitations and future directions declared. A scoping review of original articles addressing FL/NL programs from the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases published between 2015 and 2023. There was a somewhat restricted view of the construct and the absence of a clear boundary between FL and NL. Half of the studies reported theoretical foundations. The most used model was Social Cognitive Learning Theory. More significant development of programs was observed in Australia, using quasi-experimental designs. Most of the studies informed positive results. Limitations of the studies related to the sampling process, absence of a control group and lack of follow-up. It is suggested that long-term interventions consider economic, social and cultural factors. Despite that theoretical and empirical aspects should be revised, FL/NL programs are a suitable strategy to mitigate the social and health effects of inadequate nutrition.
Neural-specific alterations in glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and cell signaling associated with two human ganglioside GM3 synthase deficiency variants
Authors: Dookwah Michelle , Wagner Shannon K , Ishihara Mayumi , Yu Seok-Ho , Ulrichs Heidi , Kulik Michael J , Zeltner Nadja , Dalton Stephen , Strauss Kevin A , Aoki Kazuhiro , Steet Richard , Tiemeyer Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
GM3 Synthase Deficiency (GM3SD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from pathogenic variants in the ST3GAL5 gene, which encodes GM3 synthase, a glycosphingolipid (GSL)-specific sialyltransferase. This enzyme adds a sialic acid to the terminal galactose of lactosylceramide (LacCer) to produce the monosialylated ganglioside GM3. In turn, GM3 is extended by other glycosyltransferases to generate nearly all the complex gangliosides enriched in neural tissue. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying the neural phenotypes associated with GM3SD are unknown. To explore how loss of GM3 impacts neural-specific glycolipid glycosylation and cell signaling, GM3SD patient fibroblasts bearing one of two different ST3GAL5 variants were reprogrammed to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and then differentiated to neural crest cells (NCCs). GM3 and GM3-derived gangliosides were undetectable in cells carrying either variant, while LacCer precursor levels were elevated compared to wildtype (WT). NCCs of both variants synthesized elevated levels of neutral lacto- and globo-series, as well as minor alternatively sialylated GSLs compared to WT. Ceramide profiles were also shifted in GM3SD variant cells. Altered GSL profiles in GM3SD cells were accompanied by dynamic changes in the cell surface proteome, protein O-GlcNAcylation, and receptor tyrosine kinase abundance. GM3SD cells also exhibited increased apoptosis and sensitivity to erlotinib-induced inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of O-GlcNAcase rescued baseline and erlotinib-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate aberrant cell signaling during differentiation of GM3SD iPSCs and also underscore the challenge of distinguishing between variant effect and genetic background effect on specific phenotypic consequences.
Analysis of the alleviating effect of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction on rats with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis based on gut microbiota and fecal metabolomics
Authors: Shi Xiujie , Zhang Yifan , Shi Yue , Zhang Qi , Duan Hangyu , Liu Jing , Yang Bin , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the reno-protective effects of modified Huangqi Chifeng decoction (MHCD) on focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) rats, and the underlying mechanisms of systemic regulation of gut microbiota and metabolite profiles.

Methods and results
A rat FSGS model was established via unilateral nephrectomy plus doxorubicin injections. Rats were divided into sham, FSGS, and MHCD groups from which urine, blood, and histological tests were conducted. Fecal microbiotas were identified via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal metabolomics allowed for metabolic pathways analysis. Biochemical indices and pathological examination revealed that MHCD treatment improved the symptoms of FSGS, and corrected dysbiosis of gut microbiota, enriched the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Odoribacter, Christensella, Oscillospira, and reduced that of harmful bacteria such as Collinsella and Coprobacterilus at the genus level. Fecal metabolomic profiles revealed 152 different metabolites between the FSGS and sham groups, which are mainly enriched in signaling pathways like arachidonic acid, serotonergic synapse, and oxytocin. Besides, 93 differential metabolites between MHCD and FSGS groups were identified, which are mainly enriched in signaling pathways like steroid hormone biosynthesis, prostate cancer, and linoleic acid metabolism. Spearman's correlation analysis showed a correlation between differential fecal metabolites and enriched gut microbiota or serum biochemical parameters.

Conclusions
MHCD may exert a reno-protective effect by regulating the gut microbiome and metabolite profiles in FSGS rats.
Flow parameter setting methods in numerical simulation of the unconventional reservoir and its impact on production
Authors: Li Bince , Lai Fengpeng , Ren Guanglei , Sun Huachao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTight reservoirs have poor physical properties and complex pore structures, and well production is often affected by the starting threshold gradient, stress sensitivity, and water blockage. In this paper, the numerical simulation method is used to make these three factors equal. In addition, normalized influence coefficient analysis and grey relation analysis are used to investigate the degree of influence of each factor on well production. In this study, three methods are developed to set the threshold pressure gradient according to the permeability zoning, and the effect of reservoir heterogeneity is considered to set the threshold pressure gradient for unconventional reservoirs. The equivalent accuracy of the numerical simulation of the threshold pressure gradient can be improved compared to the traditional method. Stress sensitivity and water blockage effects are equated by correcting for rock compressibility coefficient and gas relative permeability. The fit rate of the gas well production history is improved by 2–3% after considering complex factors. The inclusion of the complex factors reduces the reservoir energy mobilization. The threshold pressure gradient results in an additional pressure reduction of about 1.8 MPa around the gas well. Residual gas identification and development is helped by clarifying the effect of complex factors on formation pressure When only the effect of a single factor is considered, water blockage has the most significant effect on gas well production, followed by threshold pressure and the weakest stress sensitivity. When several factors are considered together, the effect of stress sensitivity is increased.
Failure analysis of overlying strata in fault fracture zone during coal mining
Authors: Wang Feng , Chen Tong , Chen Zetao , Chen Shaojie , Ding Xiyang , Liu Zunxin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Faults encountered during coal mining can compromise the continuity and integrity of the overburden, resulting in considerable differences in the stress, displacement, and failure fields of the rocks surrounding the fault zone. When a working face is located adjacent to a fault, the fault-disturbed overburden becomes activated and unstable along the fault plane, which could lead to mining disasters. The fault-adjacent overburden morphology during mining was analyzed using a physical model. A mechanical model of the stability of the fault-disturbed overburden was constructed. The criteria for determining the sliding failure of the overburden during mining were defined, from which the critical coal pillar width required to maintain the overburden stability was determined. The results indicate that an inverted trapezoidal block forms in the overburden due to the combined effects of mining and faulting. The morphology of this block is influenced by the coal pillar width, the height of the fractured zone, and the dip angles of fault and coal seam. The block is prone to sliding or rotational failure along the fault plane during mining. As the coal seam and fault dip angles increase, the critical coal pillar width for maintaining overburden stability decreases. Conversely, increasing coal seam thickness increases the critical coal pillar width. The critical width of coal pillar was determined to be 176 m, which was verified through field observations performed in the #3307 working face.