bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Potential Prothrombotic State Markers and Therapeutic Targets for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Liu Xing , Li Xinjian , Xiong Shenglin , Zhang Haipeng , Suo Rong , Zhang Xu , Liu Daiqi , Fu Huaying , Liu Tong , Li Guangping 
Published: September 2023

Background Recently, the mechanism of thrombogenesis has taken a new direction with the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, little is known about the relationship between NETs and thrombogenesis in atrial fibrillation (AF).
Objective Our study aimed to evaluate NETs in AF patients and their potential association with thrombogenesis. In addition, we studied the effect of NETs on thrombogenesis in rat models.
Methods A total of 125 AF patients and 172 controls were studied. Spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) was examined using transesophageal echocardiography to assess the prothrombotic state. We used rapid atrial pacing (RAP) rat models to study NETs' formation and their effects on thrombogenesis. The levels of NETs were analyzed by flow cytometry. To deeply understand the regulatory mechanism of NET formation, the transcriptional characteristics of the left atrial appendage (LAA) tissue from RAP rats were analyzed.
Results We found that NETs were increased significantly in AF patients and positively correlated with SEC grades. And inserting the NET level could significantly enhance the predictivity of CHA2DS2-VASc scores for the AF prothrombotic state. In the RAP models, we observed that NET levels increased significantly in the LAA and promoted thrombosis. Meanwhile, we found that these changes could be suppressed by the NET formation inhibitor. Transcriptomic analysis of the LAA tissue from RAP rats suggested that RAP might stimulate the NET formation by promoting the expression of inflammatory cytokine and adhesion genes.
Conclusion NETs may constitute useful thrombogenesis risk markers in AF patients and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for AF management.
Resident Sleep During Traditional Home Call Compared to Night Float
Authors: Chowdhary Apoorva , Davis John A. , Ding Leona , Taravati Parisa , Feng Shu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose This article aims to compare resident sleep while on night float with a traditional home call.
Methods We conducted a crossover observational study assessing sleep patterns of seven postgraduate year-2 ophthalmology residents at the University of Washington from 2019 to 2021 using the Fitbit Alta HR device. Overnight call was scheduled from 5 p.m. to 8 a.m. on weekdays, and 8 a.m. to 8 a.m. on weekends. The residency program implemented a partial night float rotation, during which two to three nights of consecutive call were assigned to a resident without other clinical duties. Sleep was recorded using the Fitbit Alta HR for residents while on a 5-week partial night float rotation, on 10-week home call rotations, with postcall relief, and for stretches of seven or more days without call responsibilities. Mixed model regression analysis was used to compare average sleep on home call, night float, and periods without call.
Results Sleep data were recorded for a total of 1,015 nights, including 503 nights on home call rotation and 230 nights on night float rotation. Residents slept more during periods away from call compared to either night float or home call rotations (p < 0.001). Residents experienced increased average overall sleep during 10-week rotations on night float compared to home call (p = 0.008). While there was no difference in overnight sleep on call between night float and home call (p = 0.701), residents experienced more sleep overall while on call on night float compared to home call due to more sleep being recorded during postcall naps (p = 0.016).
Conclusion Implementing a night float system can increase resident sleep by allowing for more sleep recovery during time away from clinical duties.
Degradation of conventional, biodegradable and oxo-degradable microplastics in a soil using a δ13C technique
Authors: Huo Yuxin , Dijkstra Feike A. , Possell Malcolm , Dong Andrew Zi , Singh Balwant 
Published: September 2023

Context A significant amount of conventional plastics waste, especially in the form of microplastics (MPs), has accumulated in soils due to its limited degradation. Oxo-degradable and biodegradable plastics have also contributed to MP contamination in soils. Aims In this study, we examined the degradation of a conventional plastic [fruit and vegetable (F&V) bag], two biodegradable plastics (bin liner and mulch film) and an oxo-degradable plastic (drinking straw). Methods These plastics (5 mm) were mixed into a soil and incubated in the laboratory at 37 ± 1°C for 185 days. The CO2-carbon (C) mineralisation of the four plastics was determined using a δ13C technique, because the difference in the δ13C values of studied plastics and the experimental soil was ≥10‰. Key results Bin liner showed the greatest C mineralisation (5.7%), followed by mulch film (4.1%), straw (0.4%) and F&V bag (0.3%) at the end of the incubation period. All plastics, except the mulch film for 23–77 days of incubation, caused a positive priming effect on soil organic carbon (SOC). Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses were consistent with the C mineralisation data. Conclusions This study determines the degradation of various MPs in soil using a reliable and practical δ13C method, which has been lacking in this field of study. The priming effect of various MPs on SOC is a significant finding. Implications The lack of consideration of priming effect on SOC may overestimate the mineralisation of plastics in soil.
Measuring the long-term costs of uncharacteristic wildfire: a case study of the 2010 Schultz Fire in Northern Arizona
Authors: Hjerpe Evan E. , Colavito Melanie M. , Edgeley Catrin M. , Burnett Jack T. , Combrink Thomas , Vosick Diane , Sánchez Meador Andrew 
Published: September 2023

Background Wildfires often have long-lasting costs that are difficult to document and are rarely captured in full. Aims We provide an example for measuring the full costs of a single wildfire over time, using a case study from the 2010 Schultz Fire near Flagstaff, Arizona, to enhance our understanding of the long-term costs of uncharacteristic wildfire. Methods We conducted a partial remeasurement of a 2013 study on the costs of the Schultz Fire by updating government and utility expenditures, conducting a survey of affected homeowners, estimating costs to ecosystem services and updating costs to real 2021 US dollars. Key results Costs associated with the Schultz Fire continued to accrue over 10 years, particularly those associated with post-wildfire flooding, totalling between US$109 and US$114 million. Suppression costs represented only 10% of total costs. Conclusions This study is the first of its kind to include a remeasurement of wildfire costs and to provide a long-term assessment of the same wildfire over a 10-year period. Implications Our results and lessons learned can help standardise approaches for full cost accounting of wildfire and illuminate the breadth of typically latent and indirect economic costs of wildfire such as post-wildfire flooding.
Physically viable rotating mass solutions surrounding Kerr black holes
Authors: Viaggiu S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There exists in literature an increasing interest in the study of mass distributions surrounding black holes as describing dark matter halo in spiral galaxies. Motivated by this interest, we study a very recent new class of rotating solutions that are suitable to build anisotropic matter sources surrounding rotating black holes. Contrary to the mainstream approach, instead of use the so called regular black holes as central objects, we perform a smooth matching between the aforementioned anisotropic matter and a central vacuum Kerr black hole. In this framework, we study in full generality energy conditions near the matching surface. As a result, we found that, after imposing the vanishing of the energy density E at the matching surface, if weak and dominant energy conditions (WEC,DEC) are satisfied, then unavoidable strong energy conditions is violated, i.e. near the event horizon only matter with dark energy-like features is allowed. As an application, we present two solutions everywhere satisfying DEC. The first one is asymptotically flat and equipped with a non vanishing electric charge, while the second solution presented is equipped with a non-vanishing energy flow around the symmetry axis and it is not asymptotically flat.
Gauge-invariant gravitational waves in matter beyond linearized gravity
Authors: Garg Deepen , Dodin I Y 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Modeling the propagation of gravitational waves (GWs) in media other than vacuum is complicated by the gauge freedom of linearized gravity in that, once nonlinearities are taken into consideration, gauge artifacts can cause spurious acceleration of the matter. To eliminate these artifacts, we propose how to keep the theory of dispersive GWs gauge-invariant beyond the linear approximation and, in particular, obtain an unambiguous gauge-invariant expression for the energy–momentum of a GW in a dispersive medium. Using analytic tools from plasma physics, we propose an exactly gauge-invariant ‘quasilinear’ theory, in which GWs are governed by linear equations and also affect the background metric on scales large compared to their wavelength. As a corollary, the gauge-invariant geometrical optics of linear dispersive GWs in a general background is formulated. As an example, we show how the well-known properties of vacuum GWs are naturally and concisely yielded by our theory in a manifestly gauge-invariant form. We also show how the gauge invariance can be maintained within a given accuracy to an arbitrary order in the GW amplitude. These results are intended to form a physically meaningful framework for studying dispersive GWs in matter.
An autoencoder compression approach for accelerating large-scale inverse problems
Authors: Wittmer Jonathan , Badger Jacob , Sundar Hari , Bui-Thanh Tan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Partial differential equation (PDE)-constrained inverse problems are some of the most challenging and computationally demanding problems in computational science today. Fine meshes required to accurately compute the PDE solution introduce an enormous number of parameters and require large-scale computing resources such as more processors and more memory to solve such systems in a reasonable time. For inverse problems constrained by time-dependent PDEs, the adjoint method often employed to compute gradients and higher order derivatives efficiently requires solving a time-reversed, so-called adjoint PDE that depends on the forward PDE solution at each timestep. This necessitates the storage of a high-dimensional forward solution vector at every timestep. Such a procedure quickly exhausts the available memory resources. Several approaches that trade additional computation for reduced memory footprint have been proposed to mitigate the memory bottleneck, including checkpointing and compression strategies. In this work, we propose a close-to-ideal scalable compression approach using autoencoders to eliminate the need for checkpointing and substantial memory storage, thereby reducing the time-to-solution and memory requirements. We compare our approach with checkpointing and an off-the-shelf compression approach on an earth-scale ill-posed seismic inverse problem. The results verify the expected close-to-ideal speedup for the gradient and Hessian-vector product using the proposed autoencoder compression approach. To highlight the usefulness of the proposed approach, we combine the autoencoder compression with the data-informed active subspace (DIAS) prior showing how the DIAS method can be affordably extended to large-scale problems without the need for checkpointing and large memory.
An ultrasonic in-line inspection data processing method considering invalid data caused by sensor failure
Authors: Wu Zhenning , Huang Hanyang , Zhang Runjiang , Liu Jinhai , Tang Jianhua 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Ultrasonic in-line inspection is one of the most widely adopted nondestructive testing methods for defect detection in pipelines. In practical industrial scenes, pipeline specification varies, sensor failure occurs frequently, and the number of pipeline defect samples is scarce. How to detect defects without false detection caused by invalid data and with limited labeled samples is a challenging problem in this area. An ultrasonic in-line inspection data processing method considering invalid data caused by sensor failure is proposed in this paper to enhance the accuracy of the defect and its profile detection. Firstly, the multi-channel data is aggregated according to sampling time. The data dimension is reduced, and the accuracy of the invalid waveform detection adopting isolation forest arithmetic is improved. The methods are adopted for the invalid waveforms replacement with two-dimensional cubic spline interpolation using adjacent sensors. Secondly, a natural breakpoint method is adopted to locate the echo peaks. Residual wall thickness is evaluated by calculating the time difference between the echo peaks. A fast pseudo-colorization method based on sliding windows and a morphological image processing method are proposed to detect defects and their profiles efficiently utilizing the residual wall thickness. Finally, practical in-line inspection data is utilized to evaluate the performance. The experiment results illustrate that the detection accuracy is enhanced on different sizes of pipelines without requiring labeled samples.
Reducing the risk of hallucinations with interpretable deep learning models for low-dose CT denoising: comparative performance analysis
Authors: Patwari Mayank , Gutjahr Ralf , Marcus Roy , Thali Yannick , Calvarons Adria F , Raupach Rainer , Maier Andreas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective. Reducing CT radiation dose is an often proposed measure to enhance patient safety, which, however results in increased image noise, translating into degradation of clinical image quality. Several deep learning methods have been proposed for low-dose CT (LDCT) denoising. The high risks posed by possible hallucinations in clinical images necessitate methods which aid the interpretation of deep learning networks. In this study, we aim to use qualitative reader studies and quantitative radiomics studies to assess the perceived quality, signal preservation and statistical feature preservation of LDCT volumes denoised by deep learning. We aim to compare interpretable deep learning methods with classical deep neural networks in clinical denoising performance. Approach. We conducted an image quality analysis study to assess the image quality of the denoised volumes based on four criteria to assess the perceived image quality. We subsequently conduct a lesion detection/segmentation study to assess the impact of denoising on signal detectability. Finally, a radiomic analysis study was performed to observe the quantitative and statistical similarity of the denoised images to standard dose CT (SDCT) images. Main results. The use of specific deep learning based algorithms generate denoised volumes which are qualitatively inferior to SDCT volumes(p < 0.05). Contrary to previous literature, denoising the volumes did not reduce the accuracy of the segmentation (p > 0.05). The denoised volumes, in most cases, generated radiomics features which were statistically similar to those generated from SDCT volumes (p > 0.05). Significance. Our results show that the denoised volumes have a lower perceived quality than SDCT volumes. Noise and denoising do not significantly affect detectability of the abdominal lesions. Denoised volumes also contain statistically identical features to SDCT volumes.
Evaluation of the transfer matrix of a plasma ramp with squared cosine shape via an approximate solution of Mathieu differential equation
Authors: Romeo S , Biagioni A , Crincoli L , Del Dotto A , Ferrario M , Giribono A , Parise G , Rossi A R , Silvi G J , Vaccarezza C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The high longitudinal electric fields generated in plasma wakefields are very attractive for a new generation of high gradient plasma based accelerators. On the other hand, the strong transverse fields increase the demand for a proper matching device in order to avoid the spoiling of beam transverse quality. A solution can be provided by the use of a plasma ramp, a region at the plasma injection/extraction with smoothly increasing/decreasing plasma density. The transport of a beam inside a plasma ramp, beside its parameters, depends on the profile of the ramp itself. Establishing the transfer matrix for a plasma ramp represent a very useful tool in order to evaluate the beam evolution in the plasma. In this paper a study of a cosine squared ramp is presented. An approximate solution of the transverse equation of motion is evaluated and exploited to provide a simple transfer matrix for the plasma ramp. The transfer matrix is then employed to demonstrate that this kind of ramp has the effect to minimize the emittance growth due to betatron dephasing. The behavior of a squared cosine plasma ramp will be compared with an experimentally measured plasma ramp profile in order to validate the applicability of the transfer matrix to real cases.
MOSFET-based HTS flux pump
Authors: Jurčo Róbert , Vaskuri Anna , Curé Benoit , Dudarev Alexey , Mentink Matthias 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We have developed a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) flux pump using high-power metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) for switching. For its primary coil, two commercial transformers are utilized, each consisting of two copper coils wound on a single iron core, which enables changing the load current over primary current ratio (101 or 194) between the primary and secondary coils. Full-wave rectification is achieved with two half-wave secondary circuits, each of them having six HTS one-turn coils to lower the resistance. Each secondary coil is composed out of nickel-reinforced BSCCO tapes, where 12 MOSFETs have been soldered in parallel straight to the tapes and controlled with analog electronics. Secondary coils are clamped to custom-made copper-stabilized HTS current leads. A support structure for keeping the HTS coils in place was 3D-printed using cryogenic-compatible composite material PETG-CF20. Resistances of the two secondary circuits were measured to be 4

μ
Ω

and 7

μ
Ω

at 77 K with a total critical current of 980 A. We successfully ramped up a 50 µH Conductor on Round Core solenoid at 77 K using our HTS flux pump with 50 Hz AC voltage source. We achieved a maximal load current of 900 A and exceeded the 715 A critical current of the solenoid. During the thermal runaway of the magnet, the increased load voltage limits the maximum load current supplied by the flux pump.
Robust and scalable rf spectroscopy in first-order magnetic sensitive states at second-long coherence time
Authors: Yeh C-H , Grensemann K C , Dreissen L S , Fürst H A , Mehlstäubler T E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Trapped-ion quantum sensors have become highly sensitive tools for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model. Recently, stringent tests of local Lorentz-invariance (LLI) have been conducted with precision spectroscopy in trapped ions (Pruttivarasin et al 2015 Nature
517 592–5, Megidish et al 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett.
122 123605, Sanner et al 2019 Nature
567 204–8, Dreissen et al 2022 Nat. Commun.
13 1–6) . We here elaborate on robust radio-frequency composite-pulse spectroscopy at second long coherence times in the magnetic sublevels of the long-lived

2

F

7

/

2

state of a trapped 172Yb+ ion which is scalable to spatially extended multi-ion systems. We compare two Ramsey-type composite rf pulse sequences, a generalized spin-echo (GSE) sequence (Shaniv et al 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett.
120 103202) and a sequence based on universal rotations with 10 rephasing pulses (UR10) (Genov et al 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett.
118 133202) that decouple the energy levels from magnetic field noise, enabling robust and accurate spectroscopy. Both sequences are characterized theoretically and experimentally in the spin-

1

/

2

2

S

1

/

2

electronic ground state of 172Yb+ and results show that the UR10 sequence is 38 (13) times more robust against pulse duration (frequency detuning) errors than the GSE sequence. We extend our simulations to the eight-level manifold of the

2

F

7

/

2

state, which is highly sensitive to a possible violation of LLI, and show that the UR10 sequence can be used for high-fidelity Ramsey spectroscopy in noisy environments. The UR10 sequence is implemented experimentally in the

2

F

7

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2

manifold and a coherent signal of up to 2.5 s is reached. In (Dreissen et al 2022 Nat. Commun.
13 1–6) we have implemented this sequence and used it to perform the most stringent test of LLI in the electron–photon sector to date with a single Yb+ ion. Due to the high robustness of the UR10 sequence, it can be applied on larger ion crystals to improve tests of Lorentz symmetry further. We demonstrate that the sequence can also be used to extract the quadrupole moment of the meta-stable

2

F

7

/

2

state, obtaining a value of

Θ
=
−
0.0298
(
38
)
e

a

0

2

which is in agreement with the value deduced from clock measurements (Lange et al 2020 Phys. Rev. Lett.
125 143201).
Insight into conduction band density of states at c-Si/TiO2 interface for efficient heterojunction solar cell
Authors: Bagade Sonal Santosh , Patel Piyush K 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Carrier selective solar cell has become one of the hot spots in the area of Si solar cell. The proposed architecture FTO/TiO2/c-Si/i-a-Si:H/Cu2O/back contact studied through simulation demonstrates a power conversion efficiency of 20.03%. This study is the first to report detailed exploration of effect of the conduction band density of states on the efficiency of Si solar cell. Through optimization, the conduction band density of state (1017 cm-3) drastically increases the power conversion efficiency from 18% (at 1021 cm-3) to 21.25% (at 1017 cm-3) i.e., an improvement of 18% relatively. Along with this, the parameters like absorber layer thickness, absorber’s defect density, thickness of electron transport layer and interface defect density are also optimized. Moreover, the charge transport properties and the impact of the Schottky barrier height at c-Si/TiO2 interface on band alignment is studied. After optimization of various physical parameters such as thickness (100 μm), conduction band density of states (1017 cm-3) and defect concentration (1010 cm−3) of c-Si layer, thickness of TiO2 layer (20 nm) and interface defect density at c-Si/TiO2 junction (1010 cm−2), a short-circuit current of 38.11 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V, fill factor of 85.99% is obtained, leading to an enhanced theoretical power conversion efficiency of 27.77%.