bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of In Vivo Skin Anisotropy Using Elastic Wave Measurements and Bayesian Modelling
Authors: Nagle Matt , Price Susan , Trotta Antonia , Destrade Michel , Fop Michael , Ní Annaidh Aisling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn vivo skin exhibits viscoelastic, hyper-elastic and non-linear characteristics. It is under a constant state of non-equibiaxial tension in its natural configuration and is reinforced with oriented collagen fibers, which gives rise to anisotropic behaviour. Understanding the complex mechanical behaviour of skin has relevance across many sectors including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and surgery. However, there is a dearth of quality data characterizing the anisotropy of human skin in vivo. The data available in the literature is usually confined to limited population groups and/or limited angular resolution. Here, we used the speed of elastic waves travelling through the skin to obtain measurements from 78 volunteers ranging in age from 3 to 93 years old. Using a Bayesian framework allowed us to analyse the effect that age, gender and level of skin tension have on the skin anisotropy and stiffness. First, we propose a new measurement of anisotropy based on the eccentricity of angular data and conclude that it is a more robust measurement when compared to the classic “anisotropic ratio”. Our analysis then concluded that in vivo skin anisotropy increases logarithmically with age, while the skin stiffness increases linearly along the direction of Langer Lines. We also concluded that the gender does not significantly affect the level of skin anisotropy, but it does affect the overall stiffness, with males having stiffer skin on average. Finally, we found that the level of skin tension significantly affects both the anisotropy and stiffness measurements employed here. This indicates that elastic wave measurements may have promising applications in the determination of in vivo skin tension. In contrast to earlier studies, these results represent a comprehensive assessment of the variation of skin anisotropy with age and gender using a sizeable dataset and robust modern statistical analysis. This data has implications for the planning of surgical procedures and questions the adoption of universal cosmetic surgery practices for very young or elderly patients.
Suspicious Minds: the Problem of Trust and Conversational Agents
Authors: Ivarsson Jonas , Lindwall Oskar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the field of natural language processing has seen substantial developments, resulting in powerful voice-based interactive services. The quality of the voice and interactivity are sometimes so good that the artificial can no longer be differentiated from real persons. Thus, discerning whether an interactional partner is a human or an artificial agent is no longer merely a theoretical question but a practical problem society faces. Consequently, the ‘Turing test’ has moved from the laboratory into the wild. The passage from the theoretical to the practical domain also accentuates understanding as a topic of continued inquiry. When interactions are successful but the artificial agent has not been identified as such, can it also be said that the interlocutors have understood each other? In what ways does understanding figure in real-world human–computer interactions? Based on empirical observations, this study shows how we need two parallel conceptions of understanding to address these questions. By departing from ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, we illustrate how parties in a conversation regularly deploy two forms of analysis (categorial and sequential) to understand their interactional partners. The interplay between these forms of analysis shapes the developing sense of interactional exchanges and is crucial for established relations. Furthermore, outside of experimental settings, any problems in identifying and categorizing an interactional partner raise concerns regarding trust and suspicion. When suspicion is roused, shared understanding is disrupted. Therefore, this study concludes that the proliferation of conversational systems, fueled by artificial intelligence, may have unintended consequences, including impacts on human–human interactions.
Port environmental efficiency assessment using the one-stage and two-stage model DEA: comparison of Koper and Dublin ports
Authors: Krmac Evelin , Djordjević Boban 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPorts are important and central hubs for logistical activities in transportation chains that contribute to economic growth. Nevertheless, port activities are associated with undesirable impacts such as energy consumption and air pollutant emissions. Various policy instruments and measures have been developed and adopted to reduce energy consumption and emissions from ports. In an effort to manage all undesirable impacts of port operations, the search for best practices has proven to be an effective approach. This study examines one- and two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models for measuring port environmental efficiency. The adequacy of the models was analyzed using two case studies, i.e., the port of Koper and port of Dublin. The results of the study provided the best practices and the main differences between one-stage and two-stage models. Distance metrics were used to identify the necessary improvements of inefficient decision-making units (DMUs) to achieve the best practices.
Hyping the REF: promotional elements in impact submissions
Authors: Hyland Ken , Jiang Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe evaluation of research to allocate government funding to universities is now common across the globe. The Research Excellence Framework, introduced in the UK in 2014, marked a major change by extending assessment beyond the ‘quality’ of published research to include its real-world ‘impact’. Impact submissions were a key determinant of the £4 billion allocated to universities following the exercise. The case studies supporting claims for impact are therefore a high stakes genre, with writers keen to make the most persuasive argument for their work. In this paper we examine 800 of these ‘impact case studies’ from disciplines across the academic spectrum to explore the rhetorical presentation of impact. We do this by analysing authors’ use of hyperbolic and promotional language to embroider their presentations, discovering substantial hyping with a strong preference for boosting the novelty and certainty of the claims made. Chemistry and physics, the most abstract and theoretical disciplines of our selection, contained the most hyping items with fewer as we move along the hard/pure – soft/applied continuum as the real-world value of work becomes more apparent. We also show that hyping varies with the type of impact, with items targeting technological, economic and cultural areas the most prolific.
Brief Reports: Influence of Friendship on Loneliness Among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Japan
Authors: Sumiya Motofumi , Senju Atsushi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Previous studies have reported that people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have higher levels of loneliness than neurotypical (NTP) people, most likely because of their difficulties in social communication with their predominantly NTP peers. However, direct investigations on the causal influence of friendship on their feelings of loneliness is scarce.

Methods
In the current study, using the causal mediation analysis, we investigated whether friendship among ASD individuals influences their feelings of loneliness, especially during adolescence when the importance of friendship is typically most elevated. Furthermore, we examined whether individual differences in autistic behavioral features or age affect feelings of loneliness or the qualities of friendship with linear regression analyses.

Results
The results demonstrated that the higher levels of loneliness in adolescents with ASD were mediated by one aspect of friendship, companionship. We also found that positive aspects of friendship, but not negative aspects, influence the feelings of loneliness in both ASD and NTP populations. One subcategory of the measured autistic trait, difficulty in imagination, which is associated the ability to consider another’s perspective, had a negative relationship with the positive aspects of friendship in the ASD group, but not in the NTP group.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that the quality of the positive aspects of friendship is similarly important for both adolescents with ASD and NTP adolescents, but the autistic behavioral features could interfere with the experience of such positive friendships.
Do Children Think it is Important to Predict Learning and Behaviour Problems, and Do They Think Genetic Screening Has a Role to Play in This?
Authors: Fields Diana , Asbury Kathryn 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study explores how capable young children are of thinking about a potential future that uses DNA screening to assess an individual’s likelihood of experiencing learning or behaviour difficulties. Puppets and a scenario-based approach were used to ask children aged 4–10 (n = 165) whether they thought DNA screening might be helpful or harmful. A content analysis derived six categories: (1) ‘Worried about being – and being seen as – different’; (2) ‘Beliefs about the origins of learning and behaviour’; (3) ‘Testing is harmful’; (4) ‘Testing could help’; (5) ‘How soon is too soon for testing?’; and (6) ‘What’s the point?’. Findings indicate young children, as key stakeholders, can make useful contributions to public debate in this important and controversial area.
The Development of Accuracy and Fluency in Second Language (L2) Speaking Related to Self-Efficacy Through Online Scaffolding: A Latent Growth Curve Modeling Analysis
Authors: Li Cha , Zhang Lawrence Jun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis longitudinal study made the first attempt to employ Latent Growth Curve Modeling to analyze the development of L2 speaking accuracy and fluency through online scaffolding as well as the dynamic relationship between L2 speaking performance and self-efficacy. From the perspective of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, it tracked the development of 45 Chinese undergraduates’ English-speaking accuracy, fluency, self-efficacy for accuracy (SEA) and self-efficacy for fluency (SEF) over one semester of online teaching (six observations). Results show that speaking accuracy, SEA and SEF all improved significantly, but speaking fluency did not; these four variables all developed in non-linear trajectories, and the greatest growth of accuracy, SEA and SEF all took place at Time 2; there existed significant individual differences in the initial levels of fluency, SEA and SEF, and in the change rates of SEA; a higher initial level of accuracy was related to a greater increase in SEA and a greater decrease in growth rates with time. These findings provide evidence for non-linearity, variability and inter-individual differences in the development of L2 speaking and self-efficacy through online scaffolding, and partly confirm the dynamic relations between self-efficacy and L2 performance. Pedagogical implications for online scaffolding are also discussed.
Analysis of the association of NPHS2 and ACTN4 genes polymorphism with nephrotic syndrome in Egyptian children
Authors: al-azzawy Mohammed F. , Al-Haggar Mohammad , ElSaid Afaf M. , El-khawaga Omali Y. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
One of the most common kidney illnesses in developing countries is pediatric nephrotic syndrome (PNS), which is frequently associated with dyslipidemia and edema. The rapid discovery of genes related to NS has aided in the understanding of the molecular mechanics of glomerular filtration. The goal of this study is to determine the relationship between NPHS2 and ACTN4 in PNS youngsters.

Methods
A study with 100 NS children and 100 healthy matched volunteers was conducted. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped using ARMS-PCR.

Results
A substantial decline in the level of albumin was found in NS cases (P < 0.001) Further on, a significantly difference in T.C and TG level between healthy and NS patient. Molecular study showed a highly significant difference of NS patients from controls regarding NPHS2 rs3829795 polymorphic genotypes as the GA heterozygous genotype shows highly significant difference from controls (P < 0.001) as well as GA + AA genotypes (P < 0.001) in comparison with GG genotype. Regarding rs2274625, The GA heterozygous genotype showed no statistically significant difference between genotypes and alleles with NS (P = 0.246). Association of AG haplotype NPHS2 rs3829795–rs2274625 haplotypes found a significant association with the risk of developing NS (P = 0.008). Concerning the ACTN4 rs121908415 SNP, there was no link between this mutation and NS children.

Conclusion
The correlation of AG haplotype NPHS2 rs3829795–rs2274625 haplotypes identified a strong association with the likelihood of getting NS, according to our findings. There was no connection found between the ACTN4 rs121908415 SNP and NS children.
Fourier coefficients of Hilbert modular forms at cusps
Authors: Davis Tim 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study the fields generated by the Fourier coefficients of Hilbert newforms at arbitrary cusps. Precisely, given a cuspidal Hilbert newform f and a matrix $$\sigma $$
σ
in (a suitable conjugate of) the Hilbert modular group, we give a cyclotomic extension of the field generated by the Fourier coefficients at infinity which contains all the Fourier coefficients of $$f||_k\sigma $$

f
|
|

k

σ

.
Michelson Interferometer for Global High-Resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) On-Orbit Wind Observations: Data Analysis and Instrument Performance
Authors: Englert Christoph R. , Harlander John M. , Marr Kenneth D. , Harding Brian J. , Makela Jonathan J. , Fae Tori , Brown Charles M. , Ratnam M. Venkat , Rao S. Vijaya Bhaskara , Immel Thomas J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe design, principles of operation, calibration, and data analysis approaches of the Michelson Interferometer for Global High-resolution Thermospheric Imaging (MIGHTI) on the NASA Ionospheric Connection (ICON) satellite have been documented prior to the ICON launch. Here we update and expand on the MIGHTI wind data analysis and discuss the on-orbit instrument performance. In particular, we show typical raw data and we describe key processing steps, including the correction of a “signal-intensity dependent phase shift,” which is necessitated by unexpected detector behavior. We describe a new zero-wind calibration approach that is preferred over the originally planned approach due to its higher precision. Similar to the original approach, the new approach is independent of any a priori data. A detailed update on the wind uncertainties is provided and compared to the mission requirements, showing that MIGHTI has met the ICON mission requirements. While MIGHTI observations are not required to produce absolute airglow brightness profiles, we describe a relative brightness profile product, which is included in the published data. We briefly review the spatial resolution of the MIGHTI wind data in addition to the data coverage and data gaps that occurred during the nominal mission. Finally, we include comparisons of the MIGHTI wind data with ground-based Fabry-Perot interferometer observations and meteor radar observations, updating previous studies with more recent data, again showing good agreement. The data processing steps covered in this work and all the derived wind data correspond to the MIGHTI data release Version 5 (v05).
Predictors of educational aspirations of Roma mothers in Czech Republic, Greece, and Portugal
Authors: Obrovská Jana , Aguiar Cecília , Silva Carla Sofia , Petrogiannis Konstantinos 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRoma communities are a disadvantaged minority in Europe which is particularly underrepresented in social and educational research. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of Roma mothers’ educational aspirations for their children in the Czech Republic, Greece, and Portugal. Participants included 461 mothers with a Roma background (135 from the Czech Republic, 130 from Greece, and 196 from Portugal), with a child between 3 to 6 (n = 181) or 9 to 12 (n = 280) years old. Data were based on mothers’ reports, obtained during a structured in-person interview. Material deprivation (microsystem level), frequency and quality of interactions with non-Roma parents, as well as the quality of parent-teacher interactions (mesosystem level), predicted Roma mothers’ educational aspirations. Findings suggest that, in addition to microsystemic variables such as material deprivation, mesosystemic predictors such as those examining contact with non-Roma parents may play an important role in shaping Roma mothers’ educational aspirations and need to be further examined.
Efficient and generalizable tuning strategies for stochastic gradient MCMC
Authors: Coullon Jeremie , South Leah , Nemeth Christopher 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStochastic gradient Markov chain Monte Carlo (SGMCMC) is a popular class of algorithms for scalable Bayesian inference. However, these algorithms include hyperparameters such as step size or batch size that influence the accuracy of estimators based on the obtained posterior samples. As a result, these hyperparameters must be tuned by the practitioner and currently no principled and automated way to tune them exists. Standard Markov chain Monte Carlo tuning methods based on acceptance rates cannot be used for SGMCMC, thus requiring alternative tools and diagnostics. We propose a novel bandit-based algorithm that tunes the SGMCMC hyperparameters by minimizing the Stein discrepancy between the true posterior and its Monte Carlo approximation. We provide theoretical results supporting this approach and assess various Stein-based discrepancies. We support our results with experiments on both simulated and real datasets, and find that this method is practical for a wide range of applications.
Modified microbiology through enhanced denitrification by addition of various organic substances—temperature effect
Authors: Ortmeyer Felix , Guerreiro Marco Alexandre , Begerow Dominik , Banning Andre 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Worldwide, the environmental nitrate (NO3−) problem is increasingly coming into focus. These increases in NO3− concentration result mainly from agricultural inputs and are further exacerbated by decreasing and finite geogenic NO3− degradation capacity in aquifers. Thus, treatment methods are becoming more and more important. In this study, the effects of enhanced denitrification with addition of organic carbon (C) on thereby autochthonous occurring microbiology and compared at room temperature as well as 10 °C were investigated. Incubation of bacteria and fungi was carried out using natural sediments without degradation capacity and groundwater with high NO3− concentrations. Addition of the four applied substrates (acetate, glucose, ascorbic acid, and ethanol) results in major differences in microbial community. Cooling to 10 °C changes the microbiology again. Relative abundances of bacteria are strongly influenced by temperature, which is probably the explanation for different denitrification rates. Fungi are much more sensitive to the milieu change with organic C. Different fungi taxa preferentially occur at one of the two temperature approaches. Major modifications of the microbial community are mainly observed whose denitrification rates strongly depend on the temperature effect. Therefore, we assume a temperature optimum of enhanced denitrification specific to each substrate, which is influenced by the microbiology.
Gesundheitsförderung im Reallabor?
Authors: Abu-Omar Karim , Popp Johanna , Bergmann Matthias , Messing Sven , Till Maike , Gelius Peter 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die partizipative Gesundheitsförderung verwendet verschiedene theoretische Konzepte, um Prozesse und Wirkungen von Projekten zu beschreiben. In der Praxis ergeben sich daraus jedoch Probleme bezüglich der Bekämpfung sozialer Ungleichheiten, der Skalierung von Pilotprojekten oder der Anschlussfähigkeit an aktuelle Gesundheitskonzepte.

Zielstellung
Dieser Beitrag stellt das Konzept des Reallabors als möglichen Lösungsansatz für aktuelle Probleme der partizipativen Gesundheitsförderung vor und untersucht seine praktische Anwendbarkeit am Beispiel eines bestehenden Projekts.

Methode
Der Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die aktuellen Probleme, die sich aus der Verwendung verbreiteter theoretischer Konzepte in der partizipativen Gesundheitsförderung ergeben. Anschließend führt er den Ansatz des Reallabors als mögliche Lösung ein. Anhand des Projekts PArC-AVE (Physical Activity-related Health Competence in Apprenticeship and Vocational Education) wird retrospektiv aufgezeigt, wie sich der Ansatz verwenden lässt, um die beschriebenen Problemlagen zu bearbeiten.

Ergebnisse
Das Reallabor ist ein transdisziplinärer Ansatz an der Schnittstelle zwischen Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft, der ein Umfeld für die flexible Erprobung innovativer Lösungsansätze unter sich verändernden Rahmenbedingungen bietet. In der partizipativen Gesundheitsförderung ist er bisher jedoch wenig verbreitet. Das Beispiel PArC-AVE zeigt, dass bestehende partizipative Projekte in Richtung von Reallaboren weiterentwickelt werden können. Mögliche Perspektiven sind (a) die gezieltere Einbindung verschiedener Akteur*innen in den Beteiligungsprozess, (b) variablere Ansätze zur Skalierung von Interventionen, (c) die flexiblere Nutzung verschiedener Partizipationsmethoden und (d) eine stärkere Berücksichtigung von Konzepten wie planetare Gesundheit.

Schlussfolgerung
Der Reallaboransatz hat das Potenzial, die Handlungsräume der partizipativen Gesundheitsförderung zu vergrößern. Allerdings kann nur die weitere Erprobung in der Praxis klären, wie effektiv sich Reallabore tatsächlich einsetzen lassen, um z. B. soziale Ungleichheiten oder die starke Kontextabhängigkeit partizipativer Projekte zu überwinden.
EEG decoding for effects of visual joint attention training on ASD patients with interpretable and lightweight convolutional neural network
Authors: Tan Jianling , Zhan Yichao , Tang Yi , Bao Weixin , Tian Yin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVisual joint attention, the ability to track gaze and recognize intent, plays a key role in the development of social and language skills in health humans, which is performed abnormally hard in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The traditional convolutional neural network, EEGnet, is an effective model for decoding technology, but few studies have utilized this model to address attentional training in ASD patients. In this study, EEGNet was used to decode the P300 signal elicited by training and the saliency map method was used to visualize the cognitive properties of ASD patients during visual attention. The results showed that in the spatial distribution, the parietal lobe was the main region of classification contribution, especially for Pz electrode. In the temporal information, the time period from 300 to 500 ms produced the greatest contribution to the electroencephalogram (EEG) classification, especially around 300 ms. After training for ASD patients, the gradient contribution was significantly enhanced at 300 ms, which was effective only in social scenarios. Meanwhile, with the increase of joint attention training, the P300 latency of ASD patients gradually shifted forward in social scenarios, but this phenomenon was not obvious in non-social scenarios. Our results indicated that joint attention training could improve the cognitive ability and responsiveness of social characteristics in ASD patients.