bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image feature index: A novel metric for quantifying chest radiographic image quality
Authors: Liang Zejun , Tang Jing , Xu Peng , Zeng Wen , Zhang Jiye , Zhang Yu , Zeng Lingming , Wang Hairong , Xia Chunchao , Li Zhenlin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiographic X‐ray imaging is a common clinical examination. Current objective methods for quantifying image quality for radiographs struggle to capture the combined impact of factors throughout the imaging chain on the perceived image quality. Therefore, there is a need to further develop metrics that correlate with image quality as perceived by the observer.ObjectivesWe proposed the image feature index (IFI) to comprehensively quantify radiographic X‐ray image quality. We also aimed to study the correlation between IFI and observer‐perceived image quality for chest radiographs.Materials and methodsThe IFI algorithm was developed, which measured the amount of information, textural features, and noise in the image. A total of 70 chest phantom radiographs were generated under 60–120 kV and 0.2–80 mAs. A vendor‐proprietary exposure index (EI) and dose area product (DAP) were extracted from the DICOM header in addition to calculating IFI for each image to investigate the relationships between IFI, EI and DAP. The quality of the images was rated by three observers, and the correlation between IFI and subjective score of image quality was tested. Next, a retrospective study using a random sample of 50 clinical chest radiographs was performed, and the correlation between IFI and subjective score was tested. The correlation was determined by the Spearman test.ResultsThe curves of IFI versus DAP and IFI versus EI both demonstrated a similar three‐stage form where IFI is above zero: in the first stage, IFI increases rapidly with increased DAP or EI, whereas in the second stage, the slope of the curves decreased towards an asymptote, that is, minimal gain in IFI with increased DAP or EI—until they hit the inflection point and then descended sharply in the third stage. For both phantom and clinical chest images, IFI demonstrated good correlation with subjective score (r = 0.9084 for phantom images, r = 0.8153 for clinical images).ConclusionsIFI is a feasible and efficient descriptor for image quality for chest radiographs. Future studies with larger sample sizes and sample types are needed to confirm the feasibility of IFI for other exam types and anatomical views, thus fulfilling and extending the potential applications of IFI in quality control and radiation dose reduction.
Water and Endangered Fish in the Klamath River Basin: Do Upper Klamath Lake Surface Elevation and Water Quality Affect Adult Lost River and Shortnose Sucker Survival?
Authors: Krause Jacob R. , Janney Eric C. , Burdick Summer M. , Harris Alta C. , Hayes Brian S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the western United States, water allocation decisions often incorporate the needs of endangered fish. In the Klamath River basin, an understanding of temporal variation in annual survival rates of Shortnose Suckers Chasmistes brevirostris and Lost River Suckers Deltistes luxatus and their relation to environmental drivers is critical to water management and sucker recovery. Extinction risk is high for these fish because most individuals in the populations are approaching their maximum life span and recruitment of new fish into the adult populations has never exceeded mortality losses in the past 22 years. We used a time series of mark–recapture data from the years 1999–2021 to analyze the relationship between lake level, water quality covariates, and survival of adult Shortnose Suckers and two spawning populations of Lost River Suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon. We compared competing model hypotheses in a maximum likelihood framework using Akaike's information criterion and then ran the top environmental covariates in a Bayesian framework to estimate how much of the variation in survival was explained by these covariates as compared to random variation. The complementary analyses found almost unequivocal support for our base model without environmental covariates. Estimated adult sucker survival was high across the time series and consistent with sucker life history (mean annual survival = 0.82–0.91). This suggests that adult suckers were generally robust to interannual variation in lake levels as well as consistently poor water quality within the years of our data set. Recovery time is limited, as a declining survival trend for adult suckers in recent years may be due to the onset of senescence. The successful recovery of suckers in Upper Klamath Lake may rely on shifting research from the causes of adult mortality and its relationship with lake surface elevation to the causes of poor recruitment into adult populations.
Numerical investigation on the effect of intergranular contact bonding strength on the mechanical properties of granite using PFC3D‐GBM
Authors: Peng Yuxuan , Zhang Tao , Yu Liyuan , Li Jie , Gao Yanan , Tian Wenling 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn rock materials, the intergranular structure is more affected by various external conditions than the transgranular structure, and then dominates the macroscopic mechanical properties of rocks. In this paper, an innovative three‐dimensional grain‐based model based on Particle Flow Code (PFC3D‐GBM) for reproducing granite crystalline structures was developed. Based on this model, the Brazilian splitting test was conducted to investigate the effects of intergranular contact (IC) bonding strength on the mechanical properties and micro‐cracking behavior of the granite. Additionally, in this paper, the force chains and the orientation distribution of the force chains are shown in the form of three‐dimensional rose diagrams. The results are compared to the numerical results obtained by an initial particle‐based model to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed PFC3D‐GBM. The results indicate that the stress–strain curve of the sample in the Brazilian splitting test can be classified into four distinct stages: initial compaction, linear elasticity, damage, and splitting failure. ICs fracture at a higher rate than transgranular contacts (TCs) under static loading, as evidenced by experimental results of laboratory tests; during the entire loading process, all force chains uniformly distribute in all directions of a sample. As the external load increases, the number of total force chains decreases and the number of cracks increases. The main orientation of the high‐strength force chains is consistent with the external loading direction and is vertical with respect to the main orientation of the cracks. Furthermore, the number of high‐strength force chains increases with the level of external load. The sample's failure mechanism in the Brazilian splitting test is always a tensile failure, and this characteristic is unaffected by the modeling method or the IC bonding strength. Both the tensile strength and peak strain increase as the IC bonding strength increases. In this process, the number of total cracks in PFC3D‐GBM decreases, the proportion of transgranular cracks (Tcs) increases, and the proportion of intergranular cracks (Ics) decreases. The micro‐cracking behavior described above based on the PFC3D‐GBM can be explained more rationally. As the bonding strength of the IC increases, the particles involved in sample deformation are subjected to a greater stress concentration prior to the sample experiencing macro‐fracture, leading to an increase in the number of high‐strength force chains, which is the fundamental reason for the increase of the sample's tensile strength.
Concerted voltage frequency control and superconducting magnetic energy storage operation using optimal adaptive model predictive control for improved frequency response of power system
Authors: Syed Asima , Ahsan Hailiya , Mufti Mairaj‐Ud Din , Kumar Abdul Waheed 
Published: January 2023

SummaryActive power equilibrium is analogous to frequency control. A hypothesis of maintaining this balance with voltage regulation is slightly less instinctive, notwithstanding the contribution it can make to the overall stability of the power system. This idea in synergism with the utilization of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology in a colossal multi‐machine power network, is exercised in this paper. The main focus of this work is to make a small‐rated SMES more providential in large power systems with the aid of voltage frequency control (VFC). This study proposes an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) equipped small capacity SMES as well as VFC operation, to ensure load frequency control of a wind power penetrated system. While assuming the plant as an autoregressive discrete mode system with exogenous input, the determination of both the plant model and controller parameters are effectuated online using a recursive least squares (RLS) identification algorithm. Detailed mathematical modeling of SMES is presented in addition to the discrete mode automatic generation control (d‐AGC) and governor dead band non‐linearity at the synchronous power source ends. A compact doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) model architecture harmonizing the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode using the standard two‐dimensional look‐up table with turbine characteristics is also discussed. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink domain reveals a percentage improvement of 82.6% in the frequency nadir under load disturbance with the proposed VFC‐SMES scheme. Furthermore, an average percentage improvement of 82% in peak frequency deviations under turbulent wind scenario is attained. These results are validated in real‐time, employing the real‐time digital simulator OPAL‐RT (OP4510).
Intraindividual pain variability metrics for youth with sickle cell disease: Relations to health outcomes
Authors: Pascale Angela , Sisler India , Smith Wally , Valrie Cecelia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile the majority of pediatric sickle cell disease (SCD) research has used mean pain intensity as the only pain metric, recent evidence suggests this metric alone is inadequate in describing the intraindividual variability in SCD pain experiences and subsequent impact. There is limited information on other intraindividual pain metrics in youth with SCD, or how they relate to health outcomes in this population. The aims of this study were to describe differing patterns of intraindividual pain metrics derived from ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) of youth with SCD and to characterize the unique relationships between these metrics and health outcomes.MethodsEighty‐eight youth with SCD, aged 8–17 (mean age = 11.6), were recruited from three regional pediatric SCD clinics in the United States. At baseline, youth and their guardians reported on demographic and disease information. Then youth completed twice daily EMAs for up to 4 weeks. Pain metrics derived from EMA data were calculated including mean daily pain intensity (DP), SD‐DP (standard deviation of DP), proportion of pain days (PPD), and 90th percentile of DP (p90). Pearson correlations were calculated between pain metrics and health outcomes.ResultsHigh DP and SD‐DP were correlated with more anxiety symptoms, while high SD‐DP and p90 were correlated with more depression symptoms. High SD‐DP was correlated with low self‐esteem, and high DP and PPD were correlated with low sickle cell self‐efficacy. For healthcare utilization due to pain, high p90 was correlated with more emergency department visits, while high DP, p90, and PPD were correlated with more healthcare contacts.ConclusionThere are distinct associations between pain variability metrics beyond DP and health outcomes. Collectively, the patterns of associations suggest the utility of these pain metrics for determining risk in relation to specific health outcomes for youth with SCD.
Assessment of nanoclay impact on buckling response of carbon/Kevlar hybrid composites
Authors: Özbek Özkan , Doğan Nurettin Furkan , Bozkurt Ömer Yavuz , Erkliğ Ahmet 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of nanoclay (NC) particles on the buckling behavior of carbon/Kevlar intraply hybrid composites. The laminates containing various amounts of NC particles (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 3% by weight) were manufactured using hand layup stacking followed by vacuum bag molding process. The prepared samples were subjected to axial and lateral compressive loads under fixed‐fixed and fixed‐free boundary conditions, respectively, and the relevant critical buckling loads were determined. Furthermore, the failure modes were examined via microscopic views taken from the damaged areas on the samples to fully understand the influences of NC particles on buckling characteristics. The findings demonstrated that the buckling behaviors of the samples were significantly affected by the introduction of NC particles. Compared with the composite samples without any NC particles, the composite samples with 1 wt% NC particles showed an increase of 21.12% and 25.33% in the axial and lateral critical buckling loads, respectively. However, the inclusion of NC particles with an amount that higher than 1 wt% showed a decreasing trend in terms of critical loads for both buckling loadings, which can be viewed as a measure of load‐bearing capability. Moreover, the samples filled with 3 wt% NC particles exhibited a decrement on critical loads compared with those of samples without any NC particle filler. With the help of microscopic views, the failure modes were detected as matrix fragmentation and delamination for both buckling loadings.
Mechanical characterization of multifunctional highly porous carbon nanotube‐reinforced foams
Authors: Ghahramani Pardis , Moradi‐Dastjerdi Rasool , Behdinan Kamran , Naguib Hani E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent years, novel features of ultra‐flexible nanocomposite foams have drawn tremendous attention toward these materials to be utilized in a variety of engineering applications. Since Young's modulus of nanocomposite foams is related to their mechanical strength and directly affects their applications, in this study, this property was evaluated experimentally and theoretically. In this regard, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposite foams with different filler contents (e.g., 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt%) and different porosities (e.g., 60%, 70%, and 80%) were fabricated by solvent casting and particulate leaching methods. The results suggested that the optimum value for foam porosity and MWCNT content is required to elevate Young's modulus of nanocomposite foams. The experimental data indicated that in the samples with 60% porosity increasing MWCNT content improved Young's modulus of the samples; however, in the samples with 70% porosity Young's modulus was elevated when the filler content was up to 0.25 wt%. Moreover, using the experimental data, a theoretical approach was successfully extended to predict Young's modulus of nanocomposite foams with the combination of different void fractions and CNT contents.
Scaffold fabrication from drug loaded HNT reinforced polylactic acid by FDM for biomedical applications
Authors: Kökcü İlknur , Eryildiz Meltem , Altan Mirigül , Ertuğrul Melek İpek , Odabaş Sedat 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, multifunctional polymer nanocomposite scaffolds were fabricated by the fused deposition method (FDM) for biomedical applications. First, halloysite nanotube reinforced (1–5 wt%) polylactic acid filaments were prepared by melt mixing process. For the selected compositions, HNT was loaded with metformin (MET) by electrostatic interactions. The characterization of the scaffolds was observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The morphology of the nanocomposite scaffolds was investigated by scanning electron microscope. Mechanical behavior of the scaffolds was determined by tensile, compression, and three‐point flexural tests. It has been seen that 3%wt of HNT loading showed 124%, 145%, and 41% increments in tensile, compression, and three‐point flexural strength of the scaffolds, respectively. In‐vitro drug release and cell viability of the scaffolds were also examined. According to the cell viability result, a better cell proliferation regimen was achieved in all HNT‐containing groups without any cytotoxicity effect. Also, approximately 50% of the total drug was released from the scaffolds at the end of 120 h. Finally, it has been seen that the developed scaffolds show promise for bone regeneration and replacement of bone.
Solid‐phase adsorption methodologies of naturally occurring anthraquinones: A review
Authors: Palumbo Lucia , Fiorito Serena , Epifano Francesco , Sharifi‐Rad Majid , Genovese Salvatore , Collevecchio Chiara 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionSolid‐phase extraction applied to plant matrices is nowadays a well‐validated technique allowing to concentrate and purify different secondary metabolites. Several classes of phytochemicals have been selectively extracted by this methodology. During the last decade attention has been focused on biologically active anthraquinones from numerous sources like edible, healthy, and medicinal plants.ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to provide a detailed literature survey of the solid‐phase adsorption methodologies for the extraction of natural anthraquinones reported so far and to discuss and propose future directions in this field of research.Materials and MethodsSubstructure search was performed in the SciFinder Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases.ResultsThe first report about application of solid‐phase adsorption for the purification of anthraquinones appeared in the literature in 2002. From this date, and in particular during recent years, the most notable examples included the use of chitin‐ and chitosan‐based polymers, of molecularly imprinted polymers, of coated magnetic nanoparticles, of miniaturized matrix solid‐phase dispersion, of functionalized resins, of differently structured lamellar solids, and finally of vortex‐synchronized matrix solid‐phase dispersion.ConclusionsThe herein detailed solid‐phase adsorption methodologies are powerful tools to selectively extract natural anthraquinones and/or provide anthraquinone‐enriched phytopreparations. Nevertheless, many other important methods have been applied to synthetic anthraquinones (e.g., azo dyes). These could be conveniently employed also for natural anthranoids. Studies in this field are discussed in this review article.
Computational studies on the interaction of Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3) with ACE2 and polyphenols
Authors: Vardhan Seshu , Sahoo Suban K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron variant BA.2 is spreading widely across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) designated BA.2 as a variant of concern due to its high transmission rate and pathogenicity. To elucidate the structural changes caused by mutations, we conducted a comparative analysis of BA.2 with variants BA.1 and BA.3.ObjectiveIn the present study, we aimed to investigate the interactions of the spike glycoprotein receptor‐binding domain (SGp RBD) of Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 with the human receptor hACE2. Further, a library of 233 polyphenols was screened by molecular docking with the SGp RBDs of Omicron variants BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3.MethodsProtein–protein and protein–ligand molecular docking simulations were performed with AutoDock Vina and the ClusPro 2.0 server, respectively. The protein–ligand interactions were evaluated by BIOVIA Discovery Studio and ChimeraX 1.4. The molecular dynamics simulations for 100 ns were performed using GROMACS 2021.ResultsCompared to other variants of concern, the structural changes in Omicron caused by mutations at key positions improved its ability to cause infection. Despite multiple mutations, many important polyphenols bind effectively at the RBDs of Omicron variants, with the required pharmacokinetic and ADME features and obeying the Lipinski rule.ConclusionEven though Omicron variants have multiple mutations and their transmission rate is relatively high, the computed binding affinities of lead polyphenols like epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EGCG) and luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide (L7G) indicate that traditional medicines and proper immunity booster diets may be useful in the long‐term fight against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Effect of polymer molecular structure on the quality of thin‐walled hollow microspheres for inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Xu Wenting , Gu Qianqian , Zhu Fanghua , Chen Qiang , Liu Yiyang , Li Jie , Liu Meifang , Yi Yong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPolymer microspheres can be used as fuel containers for laser inertial confinement fusion (ICF) due to their low atomic number, low density, and high thermal stability. The thin‐walled polymer microspheres are prone to cracking due to an increase in the diameter to thickness ratio (diameter/wall thickness). The effect of polystyrene (PS) and Poly (α‐methyl styrene) (PAMS) materials commonly used in ICF experiments on the quality of thin‐walled microspheres is investigated. PS hollow microspheres show better sphericity, smoother surface, and lower cracking rate than PAMS microspheres. Moreover, the heat treatment of solidified PS microspheres can improve the strength so that the cracking rate of the microspheres decreases. The relative mechanism of how the molecular structure affect the quality is also discussed. This study provides some guidance for the preparation of thin‐walled polymer microspheres with high quality for ICF experiments.
Levetiracetam‐associated behavioral adverse events in neurocritical care patients
Authors: Strein Micheal , Holton‐Burke John P. , Stilianoudakis Spiro , Moses Carley , Almohaish Sulaiman , Brophy Gretchen M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to identify the incidence of levetiracetam‐associated BAEs in NCC patients.DesignSingle‐center retrospective cohort analysis.Data SourcePatient charts.Patients965 adult ICU patients with a neurological injury receiving levetiracetam that were admitted to an intensive care unit.Measurements and Main ResultsThere were 965 patients included; 52% males with a median GCS of 13. Injury types included TBI (43.1%), ICH (21.8%), SAH (20.5%), and CI (14.6%). BAEs were identified in 46% of patients. Of these, 60% had documentation of agitation/restlessness, delirium, or anxiety while receiving levetiracetam, only 25% had a positive CAM‐ICU, 13% had restraints ordered, and 42% received antipsychotics. Patients with TBI had the highest incidence of BAEs (52.4%). The median time to initiation of levetiracetam after hospital admission was 6.4 hours and BAEs occurred after 1.3 days of levetiracetam initiation.ConclusionsIn this study, we found that almost half of our NCC population experienced levetiracetam associated BAEs which were mostly hyperactive in nature. We believe that the incidence of BAEs in our specific patient population cannot solely be attributed to ICU delirium given the lower risk of developing hyperactive delirium in ICU patients as compared to other subtypes. Therefore, monitoring and determination of the benefit versus risk in those experiencing BAEs is highly encouraged.