bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourisme et désignation du patrimoine mondial de l’UNESCO : outiller, promouvoir et prendre soin — réflexions pour Anticosti
Authors: Marcotte Pascale , Gagnon Katie 
Published: April 2023

La candidature d’Anticosti au patrimoine mondial de l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture (UNESCO) a été déposée à un moment charnière de son histoire, alors que s’effectuait une réflexion approfondie sur son avenir et son développement. La volonté de protéger son environnement naturel et culturel ainsi que la qualité de vie des citoyens ont influencé ce choix. Si la désignation internationale peut soutenir la protection et encourager la qualité et la notoriété touristique d’une destination, elle soulève aussi des enjeux quant au rythme des transformations induites, aux répercussions locales et à l’engagement durable des parties prenantes. Comment transformer les défis émergents pour en faire des outils de développement et de préservation ? Après avoir présenté l’histoire touristique d’Anticosti, cet article traitera des relations entre la désignation et le tourisme dans des sites du patrimoine mondial ainsi que des moyens fournis par la démarche de candidature pour prendre soin de la communauté et de son patrimoine.
Entre le marteau et l’enclume : préoccupations éthiques et déontologiques des avocates en protection de la jeunesse
Authors: Costanzo Valérie P. , Bernheim Emmanuelle , Coupienne Marilyn 
Published: April 2023

Cet article contribue à une discussion peu abordée dans la littérature scientifique et juridique au sujet du droit de la protection de la jeunesse québécois, particulièrement en ce qui concerne le rôle, l’éthique et la déontologie des avocates. Ce texte présente les résultats d’une analyse de discours basée sur 11 entretiens avec des avocates représentant des parents à la Chambre de la jeunesse. Il met en lumière les interrogations éthiques et déontologiques des praticiennes. D’un côté, le contexte de la pratique, caractérisé notamment par l’urgence des procédures et le déséquilibre entre les ressources des parties, complexifie le respect strict des règles de déontologie. À l’image de leurs clientes, les avocates des parents se trouvent dans un rapport de force inégal avec leurs consoeurs qui représentent la Direction de la protection de la jeunesse. Alors que ces dernières peuvent avoir une approche contradictoire du débat, les avocates des parents se voient souvent contraintes à collaborer. D’un autre côté, les caractéristiques particulières associées aux parents suscitent des impasses relativement aux obligations professionnelles des avocates. Celles-ci peinent à offrir des services de qualité à des clientes qui ne répondent pas aux exigences relatives à la préparation du dossier et à la disponibilité permettant à leur avocate de les aider. Elles parviennent difficilement à communiquer avec des personnes défavorisées ou issues de l’immigration et à être comprises de ces dernières, et, parfois, à défendre avec loyauté des personnes qui sont souvent présumées fautives. Du discours des avocates se dégage le sentiment d’être prises entre l’arbre et l’écorce, entre le marteau et l’enclume.
High circulating fibroblast growth factor-21 levels as a screening marker in fatty pancreas patients
Authors: Han Fei , Yin Ling , Yu Xiaoping , Xu Renyan , Tian Mingxiang , Liu Xinnong , Zhou Lu , Hu Lianghao , Gong Weijuan , Xiao Weiming , Lu Guotao , Yao Guanghuai , Ding Yanbing 
Published: April 2023

Background
The study aimed to detect the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) in fatty pancreas (FP) patients and to investigate their potential clinical value.

Methods
We screened patients with FP using transabdominal ultrasound. The anthropometric, biochemical and serum levels of FGF-21 were compared between the FP group and the normal control (NC) group. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of serum FGF-21 for FP patients.

Results
Compared with the NC group, body mass index, fasting blood glucose levels, uric acid levels and cholesterol levels of the FP group were significantly higher, while the high-density lipoprotein level was lower. In addition, levels of serum FGF-21, resistin, leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly higher than those in the NC group, while the serum adiponectin level was lower. Pearson analysis showed serum FGF-21 levels in FP patients were negatively correlated with leptin. The ROC curve showed the best critical value of the serum FGF-21 level in FP patients was 171 pg/mL (AUC 0.744, P = 0.002, 95% confidence intervals 0.636–0.852).

Conclusion
Serum FGF-21 was closely related to fatty pancreas. Detecting serum FGF-21 levels may help identify the population susceptible to FP.
Effect of Carica papaya Leaves and Seeds on Electrolyte and Hematological Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats Exposed to Lead Nitrate
Authors: Okon Aniekanabasi Jonathan , Aluko Olufemi Oludare , Okon Idorenyin Jonathan , Inah Simon Alain , Dania Afe Victor , Achi Favour Inyang-ogim 
Published: April 2023

Background: Exposure to lead produces a variety of adverse health effects. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extracts of Carica papaya leaves and seeds on electrolyte and hematological parameters in albino Wistar rats exposed to lead nitrate.
Methods: Thirty male albino Wistar rats weighing between 174- 196g were assigned to six groups of five animals. Group 1 served as control, group 2 received 50mg/kg body weight lead nitrate (PbNO3), groups 3 and 4 received 500 mg/kg body weight aqueous extract of Carica papaya leaves (CPL) and Carica papaya seed (CPS) respectively, groups 5 and 6 received 50mg/kg body weight PbNO3 + 500mg/kg body weight CPL and CPS respectively for 31 days by oral gavaging. Animals were sacrificed and blood collected for various assay using standard methods. ANOVA on SPSS version 25 was used to determine variations within and between groups.
Results: Increases in sodium and potassium, and decreases in chloride, calcium and bicarbonate levels were observed in the lead intoxicated group. Treatment with CPL and CPS reversed the alterations in electrolytes. Levels of RBC, PCV, Hb, MCH, MCHC and lymphocytes were lower in the lead intoxicated group relative to the lead intoxicated groups complemented with CPL and CPS, while WBC, MCV and platelet counts were higher in the lead intoxicated group when compared to the group complemented with CPL and CPS.
Conclusion: This finding suggests that CPL and CPS could be protective against lead induced alterations in electrolytes and hematological parameters and could be harnessed for these potentials.
Partial Activation of PPAR‐γ by Synthesized Quercetin Derivatives Modulates TGF‐β1‐Induced EMT in Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Ballav Sangeeta , Ranjan Amit , Basu Soumya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a very low survival rate due to poor response to chemotherapy and late detection. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as a major contributor to drive metastasis during NSCLC progression. Towards this, transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) is the key driver that endows cancer cells with increased aggressiveness. Recently, this group synthesized a series of Schiff base quercetin derivatives (QDs) and ascertained their effectiveness on EMT markers of A549 cell line. This study evidenced that the EMT process is counteracted via the partial activation of a nuclear hormone receptor, Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ through QDs. Here, that work is extended to investigate the interplay between PPAR‐γ partial activation and TGF‐β1‐induced EMT in human lung cancer A549 cells. The results reveal that TGF‐β1 plays a critical role in suppressing PPAR‐γ, which is markedly reversed and increased by partial agonists: QUE2FH and QUESH at both protein and transcriptional levels. The partial agonists not only stimulate PPAR‐γ in a balanced manner but also prevent the loss of E‐cadherin and acquisition of TGF‐β1‐induced mesenchymal markers (Snail, Slug, Vimentin, and Zeb‐1). Subsequently, the effects are accompanied by attenuation of TGF‐β1‐induced migratory ability of A549 cells.
Low‐Grade Waste Heat Enables Over 80 L m−2 h−1 Interfacial Steam Generation Based on 3D Superhydrophilic Foam
Authors: Zhu Kaixuan , Liao Qihua , Hao Xuanzhang , Yao Houze , Bai Jiaxin , Guang Tianlei , Lin Tengyu , Cheng Huhu , Qu Liangti 
Published: April 2023

AbstractClean water scarcity and energy shortage have become urgent global problems due to population growth and human industrial development. Low‐grade waste heat (LGWH) is a widely available and ubiquitous byproduct of human activities worldwide, which can provide effective power to address the fresh water crisis without additional energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this regard, 3D superhydrophilic polyurethane/sodium alginate (PU/SA) foam and LGWH‐driven interfacial water evaporation systems are developed, which can precipitate over 80 L m−2 h−1 steam generation from seawater and has favorable durability for purification of high salinity wastewater. The excellent water absorption ability, unobstructed water transport, and uniform thin water layer formed on 3D skeletons of PU/SA foam ensure the strong heat exchange between LGWH and fluidic water. As a result, the heat‐localized PU/SA foam enables the efficient energy utilization and ultrafast water evaporation once LGWH is introduced into PU/SA foam as heat flow. In addition, the precipitated salt on PU/SA foam can be easily removed by mechanical compression, and almost no decrease in water evaporation rate after salt precipitation and removal for many times. Meanwhile, the collected clean water has high rejection of ions of 99.6%, which meets the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of drinking water. Above all, this LGWH‐driven interfacial water evaporation system presents a promising and easily accessible solution for clean water production and water–salt separation without additional energy burden for the society.
HFIP‐Catalyzed Mannich Reaction: Divergent Synthesis of Difluoro‐Substituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and Monofluoroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones
Authors: Xiong Daokai , Zhang Zhengjie , Zhang Jing , Wang Yurong , Yang Jianguo , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) has been extensively applied in organic synthesis as a versatile reaction media. However, the application of HFIP as an catalyst in organic synthesis has been rarely studied. Presented here, is the example of HFIP‐catalyzed Mannich‐type reaction between quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and difluoroenoxysilanes. The developed protocol tolerates various substituents under mild reaction conditions, providing a divergent approach to the construction of difluoro‐substituted 3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones and monofluoroquinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones in 51–92% yields.magnified image
CH‐Functionalization of Heterocycles with the Formation of C−O, C−N, C−S/Se, and C−P Bonds by Intermolecular Addition of Heteroatom‐Centered Radicals
Authors: Budnikov Alexander S. , Krylov Igor B. , Mulina Olga M. , Lapshin Dmitry A. , Terent'ev Alexander O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the last decade, free radicals have found a wide application in functionalization of unsaturated compounds, such as alkenes, alkynes, and arenes, via the free‐radical addition to carbon‐carbon π‐bonds. In these processes, intermolecular free‐radical attack on the aromatic substrates represents a challenge due to relatively high resistance of aromatic π‐system to addition reactions in comparison to alkene C=C bonds. The free‐radical functionalization of heterocycles is especially interesting due to the diversity of their structures and chemical properties as well as their importance for medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and materials science. Addition of C‐centered radicals to heterocycles is widely known as the Minisci‐type reactions and well‐reviewed. In this paper, we have summarized the main achievements in less explored group of processes: functionalization of heterocycles by intermolecular addition of heteroatom‐centered radicals (O‐, N‐, S‐/Se‐, and P‐radicals) with the emphasis on the papers published after 2010. Literature analysis revealed the strong trend towards the usage of electrochemistry and photoredox‐catalysis for the generation of free radicals in recent years. The remaining fundamental problem in this field is the lack of strong experimental support for the proposed mechanisms and frequent existence of several plausible reaction pathways. The progress in mechanistic studies can significantly improve the prediction of optimal reaction conditions depending on the substrates structure.
Geminal/Vicinal Amino‐ and Oxy‐Trifluoromethylation of ortho‐Ethynyl Anilines and Phenols by Cu(III)−CF3 Compounds
Authors: Chen Dou‐Dou , Zhang Song‐Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study reports geminal amino‐ and oxy‐trifluoromethylation of ortho‐ethynyl anilines/phenols by phenCu(III)(CF3)3 (phen denotes 1,10‐phenanthroline), which constructs indole and benzofuran skeleton with concurrent incorporation of a CF3 group to the C2 position. Sequential trifluoromethylation of the terminal alkyne followed by 5‐endo‐trig cyclization of amino/hydroxyl with alkyne is involved. This method addresses the troublesome regioselectivity issue in C−H trifluoromethylation of arenes/heteroarenes wherein complicated mixtures of regioisomers were often obtained. A competing vicinal fluoro‐trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes is suppressed under the optimal conditions wherein the Cu(III)−CF3 compound acts as a bifunctional reagent to provide both CF3 and F. Interestingly, when an acylamino group is present at the ortho‐position of phenylacetylene, vicinal syn‐amidate‐trifluoromethylation of the alkyne group occurs preferentially through 6‐exo‐trig cyclization to produce benzoxazines with a trifluoroethylidene at the C4‐position. The controllable and concise synthesis of valuable trifluoromethylated N‐ and O‐heterocyclic compounds shows the synthetic value of Cu(III)−CF3 compounds in medicinal chemistry.magnified image
Food supply chains and resilience to shocks: Evidence from India's COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Gupta Nikita , Vemireddy Vidya , Shaw Abhishek 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the disruption of food supply to households and reduced farm‐to‐market arrivals in India's food supply chain during the COVID‐19 lockdown. We focus on the relationship between logistics quality (and performance) and the intensity of disruptions across India's states. We find four policy‐relevant findings: (1) Food consumption expenditure was higher in states with better logistics quality; (2) These states recovered more quickly from farm‐to‐market disruptions with higher agricultural market arrivals in the later phases of the lockdown; (3) Rural food supply chains turned out to be as vulnerable as urban ones; and (4) Expenditure on cereals and pulses faced large reductions.
Examining trust between supervisors and trainees in the pediatric emergency department
Authors: Andler Caroline , Schmidt Anita R. , Chang Todd P. , Cho Christine S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveLack of trust between supervisors and trainees can have harmful consequences. Trust has been examined between physicians, patients, and staff in multiple settings but has not been examined in a bidirectional manner in the pediatric emergency department (PED). Debra Meyerson in 1996 discussed the theory of swift trust, a type of trust that develops quickly between temporary groups through reliance on categories. Meyerson describes categories as groups unified by social identities such as gender or profession. We explored the applicability of swift trust in the relationship between supervisors and trainees in the PED.MethodsThis multimethods study used qualitative interviews and the validated interpersonal mistrust trust measure (IMTM) to assess baseline trusting style. PED attendings from a single institution and residents from various training levels, specialties, and institutions rotating through the same PED were sampled until thematic saturation was reached. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis. IMTM scores were triangulated with interviewee's reported trusting styles.ResultsSeventeen PED attendings and 16 residents participated. Residents and attendings emphasized different factors that influence trust. Common factors across groups included affect, the need for vulnerability, and appropriate communication. Most described reliance on certain categories (level of training, specialty, etc.) when making trusting decisions. Categories such as gender and race were noted to be unimportant when making trusting decisions about others, although some participants believed these attributes played into decisions made by others. Quantitative data from the IMTM supported qualitative conclusions regarding trusting style.ConclusionsThe trusting relationship between supervisors and trainees in the PED dovetails with the swift trust theory. Common factors that influence trust reveal entry points for attendings and residents to improve trust and ultimately prevent negative patient outcomes. Future studies may examine how reliance on categories influences an individual's trust in their colleagues.
What to know about 2.0: Revisions to the pediatric emergency medicine milestones
Authors: Sagalowsky Selin T. , Rudinsky Sherri L. , Gray James M. , Edgar Laura 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) adopted educational milestones for trainee assessment in 2013, as a key component of the Next Accreditation System. Two years later, the ACGME, American Board of Pediatrics (ABP), and American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) collaborated to create specialty‐specific subcompetencies in pediatric emergency medicine (PEM). Since that time, emerging data have demonstrated the need to revise specialty milestones. Consequently, the ACGME summoned a working group to revise the original PEM milestones.MethodsThe PEM Milestones 2.0 Working Group convened in April 2021, comprising diverse representation from ACGME staff, PEM and EM attendings, PEM fellowship program directors, PEM fellows, and community members, overseen by the ACGME's vice president for milestones development. The group met virtually six times over 3 months, with concurrent independent and subgroup work, to draft the PEM Milestones 2.0 and supplemental guide.ResultsThe working group's revisions generated concise descriptions of behavioral anchors to define skill acquisition more accurately; attention to the transition from residency to fellowship training; incorporation of harmonized milestones for non–patient care and non–medical knowledge domains; and increased emphasis on diversity, equity, and inclusion. A supplemental guide was also designed to aid programs in designing programmatic assessment related to specialty‐specific milestones.ConclusionsThe PEM Milestones 2.0 provide an updated, specialty‐specific framework to guide the development and assessment of PEM fellows and training programs. Future work may focus on faculty and learner development, advancing validity evidence, strengthening content expertise, and integrating milestones with specialty‐specific entrustable professional activities.
Dynamics of liquid dispersion in a rotating packed bed with single‐layer wire mesh
Authors: Chen Wen‐Cong , Liu Zhi‐Hao , Chu Guang‐Wen , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe improvement of liquid dispersion by rotating wire mesh is one of the major causes for the mass transfer and micromixing intensification in rotating packed beds (RPBs). In particular, the initial dispersion region has been proved to have the greatest mass transfer and micromixing efficiency. However, the dispersion mechanism has not been revealed. This study investigated the dynamics of liquid dispersion in an RPB with single‐layer wire mesh. The liquid dispersion behaviors were obtained by high‐speed photography and numerical simulation. The liquid was found to stretch into ligaments and break into the main droplet and several satellite droplets. A new theoretical model was established to reveal the dispersion mechanism of these two stages. The stretching stage depends on the liquid initial momentum and acquired impulse, while the breakup stage was determined by the competition of ligaments recoil and pinch‐off behaviors. The model was validated in good agreement with the experimental and simulation results of the dispersion characteristics.
The influence of patient position on ultrasound examination of the sciatic nerve in the popliteal fossa: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Samet Ron E. , Dorsey Nicolas , Sappenfield Joshua W. , Gold Andrew K. , Hsiao Emily J. , Bentzen Soren M. , Bigeleisen Paul E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeUltrasound‐guided popliteal fossa sciatic nerve (PFSN) blocks are performed with patients in the supine, lateral or prone position. No known studies compare the quality of images obtained from each approach. This study examines the quality of supine and prone PFSN ultrasound images.MethodsThirty‐eight adult volunteers were sorted into two groups. Five regional anaesthesiologists performed ultrasound examinations of the PFSN on volunteers in supine and prone positions. Popliteal fossa sciatic nerve image quality was analysed with grayscale techniques and peer evaluation. Popliteal fossa sciatic nerve depth, distance from the popliteal crease and time until optimal imaging were recorded.ResultsThe grayscale ratio of the PFSN vs. the background was 1.83 (supine) and 1.75 (prone) (P = 0.034). Similarly, the grayscale ratio of the PFSN vs. the immediately adjacent area was 1.65 (supine) and 1.55 (prone) (P = 0.004). Mean depth of the PFSN was 1.6 cm (supine) and 1.7 cm (prone) (P = 0.009). Average distance from the popliteal crease to the PFSN was 5.9 cm (supine) and 6.6 cm (prone) (P = 0.02). Mean time to acquire optimal imaging was 36 s (supine) and 47 s (prone) (P = 0.002). Observers preferred supine positioning 53.8%, prone positioning 22.5% and no preference 23.7% of the time. Observers with strong preferences preferred supine imaging in 70.9% of cases.ConclusionsSupine ultrasound examination offered quicker identification of the PFSN, in a more superficial location, closer to the popliteal crease and with enhanced contrast to surrounding tissue, correlating with observer preferences for supine positioning. These results may influence ultrasound‐guided PFSN block success rates, especially in difficult‐to‐image patients.
Air‐Stable Organoradical Boron Reagents
Authors: Li Zenghui , Wang Jing , Liu Xiaoyang , Gao Pin , Li Guoping , He Gang , Rao Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBoth organic radicals and organoboron reagents have been broadly investigated, but the combination of them via direct C−H borylation as organic radical building blocks has never been achieved. Herein, a series of organoradical boron reagents, such as TTM‐Bpin and TTM‐BOH, were synthesized through the key step of C−H borylation of substrate TTM‐H ((2,6‐dichlorophenyl) bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl) radical for the first time. They are air stable enough to be stored in the solid state for several months under dark conditions, and fully investigated through single crystal analysis, EPR and DFT calculations. Furthermore, they can smoothly work in the standard Suzuki–Miyaura coupling (SMC) reaction with retention of the carbon radical center. Meanwhile, these radical species bearing different boron units display fluorescent character and are potentially applied for the collective synthesis of luminescent organic radicals, as well as other functionalized open‐shell materials.