bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale variability in nutrients and secondary metabolites in a bat‐dispersed neotropical fruit
Authors: Gelambi Mariana , Whitehead Susan R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRipe fleshy fruits contain not only nutrients but also a diverse array of secondary metabolites. Nutrients serve as a reward for mutualists, whereas defensive metabolites protect the fruit against pests and predators. The composition of these chemical traits is highly variable, both across different plants and even within repeating structures on the same individual plant. This intraspecific and intraindividual variation has important fitness consequences for both plants and animals, yet patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and secondary metabolites are not well understood, especially at smaller scales. Here, we investigate the multiscale variation and covariation between nutrients and defensive metabolites in Piper sancti‐felicis ripe fruits. Means and measures of variation of sugars, proteins, phenolics, and alkenylphenols vary greatly among plants, and at least 50% of the trait variation occurs at the intraindividual level. Also, we found that proteins, but not sugars, were correlated with phenolics and alkenylphenols at multiple scales, suggesting trait variation in protein content may be more constrained than sugars. Our findings emphasize the importance of examining patterns across scales and provide the groundwork to better understand how complex patterns of variation and covariation in nutrients and defensive metabolites shape ecological interactions surrounding fruits.
Opportunities and challenges for monitoring a recolonizing large herbivore using citizen science
Authors: Ostermann‐Miyashita Emu‐Felicitas , Bluhm Hendrik , Dobiáš Kornelia , Gandl Nina , Hibler Sophia , Look Samantha , Michler Frank‐Uwe , Weltgen Leonie , Smaga Aleksandra , König Hannes J. , Kuemmerle Tobias , Kiffner Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMonitoring is a prerequisite for evidence‐based wildlife management and conservation planning, yet conventional monitoring approaches are often ineffective for species occurring at low densities. However, some species such as large mammals are often observed by lay people and this information can be leveraged through citizen science monitoring schemes. To ensure that such wildlife monitoring efforts provide robust inferences, assessing the quantity, quality, and potential biases of citizen science data is crucial. For Eurasian moose (Alces alces), a species currently recolonizing north‐eastern Germany and occurring in very low numbers, we applied three citizen science tools: a mail/email report system, a smartphone application, and a webpage. Among these monitoring tools, the mail/email report system yielded the greatest number of moose reports in absolute and in standardized (corrected for time effort) terms. The reported moose were predominantly identified as single, adult, male individuals, and reports occurred mostly during late summer. Overlaying citizen science data with independently generated habitat suitability and connectivity maps showed that members of the public detected moose in suitable habitats but not necessarily in movement corridors. Also, moose detections were often recorded near roads, suggestive of spatial bias in the sampling effort. Our results suggest that citizen science‐based data collection can be facilitated by brief, intuitive digital reporting systems. However, inference from the resulting data can be limited due to unquantified and possibly biased sampling effort. To overcome these challenges, we offer specific recommendations such as more structured monitoring efforts involving the public in areas likely to be roamed by moose for improving quantity, quality, and analysis of citizen science‐based data for making robust inferences.
Toward a new perspective on evaluating climate change resilience of agroecosystems
Authors: Pappo Emily , Wilson Chris H. , Pitts Justin J. , Hammond William M. , Flory S. Luke 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change is a major challenge for agriculture globally, so agroecosystems more resilient to changing environmental conditions are necessary to continue sufficient production. However, high uncertainty surrounding the definition and evaluation of ecological resilience in agroecosystems inhibits effective development and improvement of climate‐resilient agriculture. Here, we propose a framework for improving evaluations of agroecosystem resilience through a novel approach to estimating agroecosystem stability domains by focusing on profitability. First, we provide a brief review of relevant agroecosystem resilience literature to contextualize our contribution. Then, we argue for evaluation of profitability across a range of conditions as a key integrative metric for estimating bounds of agroecosystem stability domains. Finally, we identify data gaps and critical next steps to further develop this framework into an effective evaluative tool. Our overarching goal is to provide a new perspective on how we understand agroecosystem resilience in the face of climate change.
Risk factors of readmission and the impact of outpatient management in heart failure patients: A national study in Japan
Authors: Miyazaki Daisuke , Tarasawa Kunio , Fushimi Kiyohide , Fujimori Kenji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure is a significant disease, and its high readmission rate is a big concern. We must identify readmission risk factors and optimize outpatient management to prevent them. This study aims to investigate the readmission risk factors, including outpatient management represented by the number of outpatient visits, and to identify the factors related to frequent outpatient visits.Methods and resultsWe used the diagnosis‐procedure‐combination database between April 2016 and March 2022. Based on the number of outpatient visits within 60 days after discharge, we categorized patients into <1 visits/month, (1<, ≦2) visits/month, and <2 visits/month and observed the occurrence of 60 days readmission. We performed multiple logistic regression analyses to reveal the readmission risk factors and the association between the number of outpatient visits and readmission. As a subgroup analysis, we conducted the same research in the low‐ and high‐readmission risk groups. We compared medical contents between (1<, ≦2) visits/month and <2 visits/month. We analysed 101 239 patients and identified the following factors as a risk of readmission: older age (P < 0.001), female (P = 0.009), longer length‐of‐hospital‐stay (P < 0.001), artificial ventilator (P < 0.001), tolvaptan (P < 0.001), top 50% dosage of loop diuretics (P = 0.036), bottom 50% dosage of class III antiarrhythmic agents (P < 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.005), atrial fibrillation (P < 0.001), dilated cardiomyopathy (P < 0.001), valvular disease (P = 0.021), myocardial infarction (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), and renal disease (P < 0.001). We revealed that the risk of readmission increases in <2 visits/month compared to (1<, ≦2) visits/month (P < 0.001), whereas the risk of readmission decreases in ≦1 visits/month compared with (1<, ≦2) visits/month (P < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, we found the possibility that some risk factors are specific to the subgroup. We identified that the following factors were related to frequent outpatient visits: older age (P < 0.001), home medical care (P = 0.007), tolvaptan (P < 0.001), top 50% dosage of loop diuretics (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), renal disease (P = 0.009), 0–2 weeks follow‐up (P < 0.001), 2–4 weeks follow‐up (P < 0.001), cardiac rehabilitation (P < 0.001), and echocardiography (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study comprehensively identified risk factors for readmission and found outpatient visit is personalized by readmission risk. There is still room to optimize outpatient management. We suggest optimizing outpatient management according to our identified characteristics.
Synthesis and Characterization of Homoleptic Zintl Anions [(Pn7)M(Pn7)]4− (M/Pn=Pb/As, Zn/Bi)
Authors: Pan Fuxing , Ababei Rodica , Massa Werner , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe formation and follow‐up chemistry of P73− has been intensely studied in the recent decades. In contrast, corresponding investigations of its heavier polycyclic polypnictide congeners Pn73− (Pn=As, Sb, Bi), especially Bi73−, have been done to a much lesser extent. In our report, we add to these rare studies, by reporting new coordination compounds with As73− and Bi73−, respectively. Addition of PbI2 to a solution of K3As7 in ethane‐1,2‐diamine (en) afforded the heterometallic cluster anion [(As7)Pb(As7)]4− (with an 8 % co‐crystallization of [PbAs15]3− on the same site), in compound [K3.92(crypt‐222)4][(As7)Pb(As7)]0.92[PbAs15]0.08 ⋅ 3en (1). A similar reaction of [ZnPh2] with a pyridine (py) solution of the ternary solid ‘K5Ga2Bi4’, which was previously shown to release Ga and polybismuthide units in situ under certain reaction conditions, resulted in the formation of [K(crypt‐222)]4[(Bi7)Zn(Bi7)] ⋅ 2.5py (2), comprising the related heterometallic anion [(Bi7)Zn(Bi7)]4−. The former represents the first Pb−As binary Zintl anions obtained via solution chemistry, and the latter adds one more piece to the remarkably rare coordination compounds reported for Bi73−.
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Inherently Chiral Molecules: Recent Advances
Authors: Tang Mengyao , Yang Xiaoyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInherent chirality represents a distinct category of molecular chirality that does not fall within the traditional classification of four chiral elements: central, axial, planar, and helical chirality. While extensive research has been conducted on the catalytic enantioselective construction of these conventional chiralities, the corresponding synthesis of inherently chiral molecules has remained largely unexplored. This minireview provides a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in this field, focusing on the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of inherently chiral calixarenes, saddle‐shaped tetraphenylenes and their heterocycle derivatives, mechanically planar chiral rotaxanes and chiral multilayer 3D frameworks, as well as our perspective in this field.
The association of epidermal growth factor variant with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ertugrul Baris , Mohammed Amal , Kasarci Goksu , Bireller Sinem , Ulusan Murat , Cakmakoglu Bedia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, our aim was to investigate the epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients and non‐OSCC healthy controls. This case–control study comprised 89 OSCC and 107 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods, the genotypes for EGF + 61 A > G (rs4444903) and EGFR R497K (rs2227983) were analyzed. According to the EGF + 61 A > G genotype distribution, individuals with the GG genotype were more prevalent in the OSCC group when compared to the healthy controls. But the AA genotype frequency was significantly higher in the healthy control group. The frequency of G allele carriers was 2.3 times higher than A allele carriers in OSCC patients (p < .001). For the EGFR R497K genotype, there was no significant difference between the OSCC and healthy control groups. Regarding the study results, the G allele of EGF + 61 A > G polymorphism was associated with OSCC. Larger populations and functional investigations should be used to explore the nature of the interaction between EGF and OSCC.
Development of an explicit time integration algorithm based on optimal integration parameter updating
Authors: Fu Zhao‐Yang , Li Hong‐Nan , Li Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntegration algorithm is an important mean to solve the discrete time equations of structural dynamics in earthquake engineering. In this paper, a new model‐based explicit integration algorithm, featured by optimization‐based integration parameter updating, is developed for a more accurate and efficient solution of structural dynamic problems. The new integration algorithm is designed to yield minimum error and controllable numerical dispersion under the premise of stability by defining objective functions and constraints. Numerical properties of the new integration algorithm are investigated in details using the amplification matrix method for a linear elastic single degree‐of‐freedom system. Meanwhile, representative numerical examples and complex structure examples are analyzed and compared with other representative algorithms. As a result, the proposed algorithm yields comparable numerical characteristics with other methods, but exhibits pronounced superiority in controllable algorithmic dissipation, higher precision, and better efficiency. Therefore, the new integration algorithm possesses extensive application prospect in solving complicated linear and nonlinear structural dynamic problems.
Performance‐based testing specifications for seismic isolators
Authors: Kim Hyun‐myung , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a study that determines the conditions of testing for determining the bounding properties of seismic isolators for use in analysis and design in a test that is meant to be a replacement of tests Items 2(a) and 3 of ASCE/SEI‐7. Then separately, the study determines the conditions of testing for determining the adequacy of isolators in the maximum considered earthquake in a test is meant to be a replacement of test Item 4 of ASCE/SEI‐7. The test conditions are determined by performing analyses with models that account for the time‐variant properties of the isolators and by computing the resultant isolator displacements. In performing the work, a large number of isolation systems (total of 96 systems, single friction pendulum, triple friction pendulum and lead‐rubber), three different seismic hazards as measured by the spectral acceleration at the period of one second, and a large collection of bi‐directional ground motions with short‐ and long‐duration characteristics (71 pairs of each duration, 96 systems, three seismic hazards) were considered. Fundamental in this methodology is the use of analysis models in which the properties of the isolators (friction or characteristic strength) are dependent on the instantaneous temperature at the sliding interfaces or in the lead core.
Gypsum‐lined degassing holes in tumuli
Authors: Hofmann Michael H. , Hinman Nancy W. , Phillips Michael , McInenly Michael , Chong‐Diaz Guillermo , Warren‐Rhodes Kimberley , Cabrol Nathalie A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmall, circular holes, lined with a thin gypsum veneer, and closely associated with gypsum tumuli (domes), occur at Salar de Pajonales, a salt flat in the northern Andes, Chile. We propose a model in which the formation of the gypsum‐lined holes, and less commonly the formation of the tumuli itself, is controlled by the unique juxtaposition of physiographic, geologic and hydrologic conditions. On a regional scale, Salar de Pajonales is unusual compared to other salars, as it is located close to a large magmatic inflation centre (Lazufre), lies along strike of major regional structural trends, is a large ephemeral lake and contains high salt concentrations. On a basin scale, the lined holes are only present along strike of lineaments that are directly linked to the local stress regime. In turn, these lineaments control the location of degassing and subsequently the formation of the lined holes in the gypsum tumuli and, in part, the tumuli themselves.
Morphometric analysis of ice scour lakes in Iceland: A proxy for ice sheet dynamics
Authors: Mastro Halley M. , Principato Sarah M. , Sobel Ilana B. , Benediktsson Ívar Örn , Aradóttir Nína 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGlacial erosion rates on the Iceland landscape throughout the Pleistocene are not well quantified. Ice scour lakes provide an opportunity to investigate glacial erosive activity and relative intensity because they commonly form in areas beneath ice sheets due to intense quarrying. This study evaluates ice scour lake morphology and density as a potential proxy for paleo‐ice flow direction and basal thermal regime for parts of the Iceland Ice Sheet. Using GIS analysis, properties of ice scour lakes are examined in regions that experienced different rates of ice flow during and following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), as interpreted from streamlined subglacial landforms. The primary input datasets were topographic, hydrologic and bedrock data. Lake distribution and morphology were quantified for all natural lakes of Iceland (n = 30 169), with close examination of three 400 km2sub‐regions in Vestfirðir (n = 904), Húnaflói (n = 69) and Bakkaheiði (n = 232). Lake distribution parameters include density, packing and centroid elevation. PolyMorph‐2D was used to quantify lake morphology including orientation, area and elongation ratio. Ice scour lake density, packing and elevation were all greatest on Vestfirðir. The high density and packing of lakes across Vestfirðir suggests unique ice dynamics relative to the other two sub‐regions, and multidirectional flow of lake axes supports the presence of an independent ice cap covering Vestfirðir. Differential intensity of glacial erosion interpreted from regions of high and low lake density on Bakkaheiði supports a proposed ice divide in Northeast Iceland. The orientation of lakes align with the flow directions of proposed LGM ice streams in Northern and Northeast Iceland. Ice scour lakes were most elongate on average on Bakkaheiði, which supports fast ice flow. Improving understanding of former ice sheet basal thermal regime and paleo‐ice flow velocity serves to inform modern controls on ice sheet stability and ice sheet basal processes.
Future of education in the era of generative artificial intelligence: Consensus among Chinese scholars on applications of ChatGPT in schools
Authors: Liu Ming , Ren Yiling , Nyagoga Lucy Michael , Stonier Francis , Wu Zhongming , Yu Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChatGPT is an artificial intelligence chatbot that utilizes advanced natural language processing technologies, including large language models, to produce human‐like responses to user queries spanning a wide range of topics from programming to mathematics. As an emerging generative artificial intelligence (GAI) tool, it presents novel opportunities and challenges to the ongoing digital transformation of education. This article employs a systematic review approach to summarize the viewpoints of Chinese scholars and experts regarding the implementation of GAI in education. The research findings indicate that a majority of Chinese scholars support the cautious integration of GAI into education as it serves as a learning tool that offers personalized educational experiences for students. However, it also raises concerns related to academic integrity and the potential hindrance to students' critical thinking skills. Consequently, a framework called DATS, which outlines an optimization path for future GAI applications in schools, is proposed. The framework takes into account the perspectives of four key stakeholders: developers, administrators, teachers, and students.
Analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome reveals phenylpropanoid mechanism in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) responding to salt stress at sprout stage
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Shukun , Qin Bin , Sun Hao‐yue , Yuan Xian‐kai , Wang Qi , Xu Junjie , Yin Zhengong , Du Yan‐li , Du Ji‐dao , Li Caihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) seeds are important legume crops and an important source of dietary proteins and carbohydrates. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to improve salt tolerance in common beans. In this study, transcriptome and metabolome analyses were conducted on local common bean variety under salt stress at the sprout stage for a period of 0, 12, and 24 h. Results showed that phenylpropanoid pathways (including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism) and flavonoid pathways (including flavonoid biosynthesis and flavone and flavonol biosynthesis) played an important role in controlling responses to salt stress as evidenced by analysis of differentially expression genes, common expression patterns, WCGNA, and differentially altered metabolites (DAMs) analyses. In addition, exploration of the activities of 4‐coumarate‐CoA ligase (4CL), caffeoyl‐CoA O‐methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), peroxidase (POD), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol‐4‐reductase (DFR), and flavonol synthase (FLS) further showed that phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways participate in plant responses to salt stress. Moreover, the phenylpropanoid pathways and flavonoid pathways were found to be potential pathways regulating plant response to salt stress based on transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The activities of 4CL, CCoAOMT, POD, CHI, DFR, and FLS revealed that these pathways are crucial to the regulation of plant responses to salt stress. These findings provided theoretical basis for further improvement of salt tolerance in common bean.
Effect of enset (Ensete ventricosum) varieties and fermentation time on nutritional compositions, antinutritional factors, functional properties, and sensory acceptance of Bulla
Authors: Bekele Hiwot , Urga Kelbesa , Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Woldegiorgis Ashagrie Zewdu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effect of enset varieties and fermentation time on the nutritional composition, antinutritional content, functional properties, and sensory acceptance of bulla was assessed. Bulla samples were prepared from newly improved enset varieties yanbule, gewada, zereta, and messina and were fermented for 0, 15, and 30 days. The result revealed that bulla prepared from gewada had relatively better values of fat (0.3 g/100 g), fiber (1.04 g/100 g), carbohydrate (97.7 g/100 g), energy (394.2 Kcal), and Fe (2.54 mg/100 g). Yanbule had relatively higher ash content (1.05 g/100 g) and considerably higher Ca (317.9 mg/100 g) than bulla prepared from the other varieties. Mg (56.8 mg/100 g) and Zn (2.3 mg/100 g) were relatively higher in bulla prepared from Messina. A very low level of tannin was detected only for gewada, but high contents of phytate up to 112.5 mg/100 g were obtained. With respect to the functional properties of bulla fermented for 30 days, no significant differences were observed among the varieties except for water absorption capacity. In terms of sensory quality, bulla porridge prepared from yanbule had comparatively higher overall acceptability score (7.6).