bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing trend of peasant behavior in Russia during Stolypin's agrarian reform
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitry V. 
Published: March 2023

In this article, the authors aim to differentiate various categories of the peasantry according to the views on property to develop an optimal research approach that will allow for an objective and comprehensive analysis of the attitudes and behavior of the peasant population of Russia during the Stolypin course of agrarian policy pursued by the autocracy. The study shows the validity of using the peasantry's attitude to property as one of the key criteria for assessing the degree of efficiency of the Stolypin reform. The selected criterion allows one to show the evolution of this attitude depending on the social characteristics of a particular category of peasants. Any reform should be assessed from the standpoint of those whose interests are affected first. Property is one of the main guidelines that determine the position of a person in society and the world. Aimed at creating the stratum of steady owners in the village, P.A. Stolypin's reform frees the peasants from the petty fiscal and bureaucratic oversight of the state. As the peasantry realizes the seriousness of the government's intentions and possible prospects for the development of the economy, their attitude to the reform also changes. This change takes place along with the peasantry's realization that the state is interested in steady owners in the village. Those who can and want to be one, accept the reform with enthusiasm, others ultimately see in the reform an opportunity to shift the blame for their failure to the state.
One-stage revision using intra-articular carbapenem infusion effectively treats chronic periprosthetic joint infection caused by Gram-negative organisms
Authors: Li Yicheng , Zhang Xiaogang , Ji Baochao , Wulamu Wuhuzi , Yushan Nuerailijiang , Guo Xiaobin , Cao Li 
Published: March 2023

AimsGram-negative periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) has been poorly studied despite its rapidly increasing incidence. Treatment with one-stage revision using intra-articular (IA) infusion of antibiotics may offer a reasonable alternative with a distinct advantage of providing a means of delivering the drug in high concentrations. Carbapenems are regarded as the last line of defense against severe Gram-negative or polymicrobial infection. This study presents the results of one-stage revision using intra-articular carbapenem infusion for treating Gram-negative PJI, and analyzes the characteristics of bacteria distribution and drug sensitivity.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 32 patients (22 hips and 11 knees) who underwent single-stage revision combined with IA carbapenem infusion between November 2013 and March 2020. The IA and intravenous (IV) carbapenem infusions were administered for a single Gram-negative infection, and IV vancomycin combined with IA carbapenems and vancomycin was applied for polymicrobial infection including Gram-negative bacteria. The bacterial community distribution, drug sensitivity, infection control rate, functional recovery, and complications were evaluated. Reinfection or death caused by PJI was regarded as a treatment failure.ResultsGram-negative PJI was mainly caused by Escherichia coli (8/34), Enterobacter cloacae (7/34), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (5/34). Seven cases (7/32) involved polymicrobial PJIs. The resistance rates of penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolones, and sulfonamides were > 10%, and all penicillin and partial cephalosporins (first and second generation) were > 30%. Of 32 cases, treatment failed to eradicate infection in only three cases (9.4%), at a mean follow-up of 55.1 months (SD 25 to 90). The mean postoperative Harris Hip Score and Hospital for Special Surgery knee score at the most recent follow-up were 81 (62 to 91) and 79 (56 to 89), respectively. One patient developed a fistula, and another presented with a local rash on an infected joint.ConclusionThe use of IA carbapenem delivered alongside one-stage revision effectively controlled Gram-negative infection and obtained acceptable clinical outcomes with few complications. Notably, first- and second-generation cephalosporins and penicillin should be administrated with caution, due to a high incidence of resistance.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2023;105-B(3):284–293.
Metabolic equivalent of task scores avoid the ceiling effect observed with conventional patient-reported outcome scores following knee arthroplasty
Authors: Patel Arjun , Edwards Thomas C. , Jones Gareth , Liddle Alexander D. , Cobb Justin , Garner Amy 
Published: March 2023

AimsThe metabolic equivalent of task (MET) score examines patient performance in relation to energy expenditure before and after knee arthroplasty. This study assesses its use in a knee arthroplasty population in comparison with the widely used Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and EuroQol five-dimension index (EQ-5D), which are reported to be limited by ceiling effects.MethodsA total of 116 patients with OKS, EQ-5D, and MET scores before, and at least six months following, unilateral primary knee arthroplasty were identified from a database. Procedures were performed by a single surgeon between 2014 and 2019 consecutively. Scores were analyzed for normality, skewness, kurtosis, and the presence of ceiling/floor effects. Concurrent validity between the MET score, OKS, and EQ-5D was assessed using Spearman’s rank.ResultsPostoperatively the OKS and EQ-5D demonstrated negative skews in distribution, with high kurtosis at six months and one year. The OKS demonstrated a ceiling effect at one year (15.7%) postoperatively. The EQ-5D demonstrated a ceiling effect at six months (30.2%) and one year (39.8%) postoperatively. The MET score did not demonstrate a skewed distribution or ceiling effect either at six months or one year postoperatively. Weak-moderate correlations were noted between the MET score and conventional scores at six months and one year postoperatively.ConclusionIn contrast to the OKS and EQ-5D, the MET score was normally distributed postoperatively with no ceiling effect. It is worth consideration as an arthroplasty outcome measure, particularly for patients with high expectations.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):129–137.
Oxford hip and knee scores deteriorate in patients awaiting lower limb arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic and predict a health state ‘worse than death’
Authors: Clark Jack O. , Razii Nima , Lee Sze W. J. , Grant Stephen J. , Davison Martin J. , Bailey Oliver 
Published: March 2023

AimsThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented disruption to elective orthopaedic services. The primary objective of this study was to examine changes in functional scores in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Secondary objectives were to investigate differences between these groups and identify those in a health state ‘worse than death’ (WTD).MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, preoperative Oxford hip and knee scores (OHS/OKS) were recorded for patients added to a waiting list for THA, TKA, or UKA, during the initial eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and repeated at 14 months into the pandemic (mean interval nine months (SD 2.84)). EuroQoL five-dimension five-level health questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) index scores were also calculated at this point in time, with a negative score representing a state WTD. OHS/OKS were analyzed over time and in relation to the EQ-5D-5L.ResultsA total of 174 patients (58 THA, 74 TKA, 42 UKA) were eligible, after 27 were excluded (one died, seven underwent surgery, 19 non-responders). The overall mean OHS/OKS deteriorated from 15.43 (SD 6.92), when patients were added to the waiting list, to 11.77 (SD 6.45) during the pandemic (p < 0.001). There were significantly worse EQ-5D-5L index scores in the THA group (p = 0.005), with 22 of these patients (38%) in a health state WTD, than either the TKA group (20 patients; 27% WTD), or the UKA group (nine patients; 21% WTD). A strong positive correlation between the EQ-5D-5L index score and OHS/OKS was observed (r = 0.818; p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that an OHS/OKS lower than nine predicted a health state WTD (88% sensitivity and 73% specificity).ConclusionOHS/OKS deteriorated significantly among patients awaiting lower limb arthroplasty during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, 51 patients were in a health state WTD, representing 29% of our entire cohort, which is considerably worse than existing pre-pandemic data.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(3):138–145.
A comparative study of the COVID-19 vaccine efficacy among cancer patients: mRNA versus non-mRNA
Authors: Rachman Andhika , Iriani Anggraini , Sukrisman Lugyanti , Rajabto Wulyo , Mulansari Nadia Ayu , Lubis Anna Mira , Cahyanur Rahmat , Prasetyawati Findy , Priantono Dimas , Rumondor Bayu Bijaksana , Betsy Rachelle , Juanputra Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Background
Cancer patients have an increased risk of a severe COVID-19 infection with higher mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and NAB among cancer patients who were vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccines, either with BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, AZD1222/ChAdOx1nCoV-19, or Coronavac/BBIBP-CorV vaccines.

Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted among subjects with either solid or hematological cancers who had received two doses of either mRNA or non-mRNA vaccines within 6 months. The levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and NAb were analyzed using the Mindray Immunoassay Analyzer CL-900i. Statistical analysis was conducted using mean comparison and regression analysis.

Result
The mRNA-1273 vaccine had the highest median levels of S-RBD IgG and NAb, followed by BNT162b, ChAdOx1nCoV-19, and BBIBP-CorV/Coronavac. The levels of S-RBD IgG and NAb in subjects vaccinated with mRNA vaccines were significantly higher than those of non-mRNA vaccines when grouped based on their characteristics, including age, type of cancer, chemotherapy regimen, and comorbidity (p<0.05). Furthermore, the S-RBD IgG and NAb levels between the subjects vaccinated with non-mRNA vaccines and the subjects vaccinated with mRNA vaccines were significantly different (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the same types of vaccines. This study demonstrated a very strong correlation between the level of S-RBD IgG and the level of NAb (R = 0.962; p<0.001). The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG was consistently higher compared to the level of NAb.

Conclusions
Generally, mRNA vaccines produced significantly higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG and NAb levels than non-mRNA vaccines in cancer subjects.
Fat digestion using RELiZORB in children with short bowel syndrome who are dependent on parenteral nutrition: Protocol for a 90-day, phase 3, open labeled study
Authors: Tsikis Savas T. , Fligor Scott C. , Mitchell Paul D. , Hirsch Thomas I. , Carbeau Sarah , First Eric , Loring Greta , Rudie Coral , Freedman Steven D. , Martin Camilia R. , Gura Kathleen M. , Puder Mark 
Published: March 2023

Background
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a leading cause of intestinal failure resulting in parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence and nutritional deficiencies. Long-term PN use is associated with the development of sepsis and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Achieving enteral autonomy is the optimal way to prevent these complications. In SBS, the decreased intestinal length, bile acid deficiency, and rapid transit time contribute to fat malabsorption and continued PN dependence. We propose the use of an immobilized lipase cartridge (ILC; RELiZORB) that connects in-line with enteral feed tubing sets and is designed to breakdown the majority of fats provided in enteral nutrition (EN). Preclinical studies have demonstrated both improved fat and fat-soluble vitamin absorption with ILC use in a porcine model of SBS. To evaluate the clinical applicability of these findings, we designed a phase 3, open labeled, single center, clinical trial to determine the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the RELiZORB enzyme cartridge when used daily with EN for 90 days.

Methods
The patient population will include PN dependent children with SBS, aged 2–18 years. The primary outcome is the change in PN calories from baseline, assessed weekly throughout the study. Changes in growth Z-scores, 72-hour fecal fat and coefficient of fat absorption, plasma fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins will also be evaluated. Assessment of change in continuous outcomes will be made using the area under the curve, expressed as a percent change relative to baseline, calculated over study day 7 to 90 (AUC7-90). The incidence of adverse events will be monitored and summarized by system organ class.

Discussion
If successful, RELiZORB may offer a safe alternative to reducing PN dependence and achieving enteral autonomy in pediatric intestinal failure. These results would be clinically significant given the clear association between long-term PN use and complications in SBS.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03530852; registered on May 21st, 2018, last update posted on September 14th, 2022.
Machine learning-based prediction of intraoperative hypoxemia for pediatric patients
Authors: Park Jung-Bin , Lee Ho-Jong , Yang Hyun-Lim , Kim Eun-Hee , Lee Hyung-Chul , Jung Chul-Woo , Kim Hee-Soo 
Published: March 2023

Background
Reducing the duration of intraoperative hypoxemia in pediatric patients by means of rapid detection and early intervention is considered crucial by clinicians. We aimed to develop and validate a machine learning model that can predict intraoperative hypoxemia events 1 min ahead in children undergoing general anesthesia.

Methods
This retrospective study used prospectively collected intraoperative vital signs and parameters from the anesthesia ventilator machine extracted every 2 s in pediatric patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia between January 2019 and October 2020 in a tertiary academic hospital. Intraoperative hypoxemia was defined as oxygen saturation <95% at any point during surgery. Three common machine learning techniques were employed to develop models using the training dataset: gradient-boosting machine (GBM), long short-term memory (LSTM), and transformer. The performances of the models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve using randomly assigned internal testing dataset. We also validated the developed models using temporal holdout dataset. Pediatric patient surgery cases between November 2020 and January 2021 were used. The performances of the models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC).

Results
In total, 1,540 (11.73%) patients with intraoperative hypoxemia out of 13,130 patients’ records with 2,367 episodes were included for developing the model dataset. After model development, 200 (13.25%) of the 1,510 patients’ records with 289 episodes were used for holdout validation. Among the models developed, the GBM had the highest AUROC of 0.904 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.902 to 0.906), which was significantly higher than that of the LSTM (0.843, 95% CI 0.840 to 0.846 P < .001) and the transformer model (0.885, 95% CI, 0.882–0.887, P < .001). In holdout validation, GBM also demonstrated best performance with an AUROC of 0.939 (95% CI 0.936 to 0.941) which was better than LSTM (0.904, 95% CI 0.900 to 0.907, P < .001) and the transformer model (0.929, 95% CI 0.926 to 0.932, P < .001).

Conclusions
Machine learning models can be used to predict upcoming intraoperative hypoxemia in real-time based on the biosignals acquired by patient monitors, which can be useful for clinicians for prediction and proactive treatment of hypoxemia in an intraoperative setting.
INDICADORES DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL E A OCORRÊNCIA DA DENGUE NOS BAIRROS DE COPACABANA, JARDIM BOTÂNICO, GUARATIBA E SANTA CRUZ NA CIDADE DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Oliveira Raiane Fontes de , Kede Maria Luiza Félix Marques 
Published: March 2023

O presente estudo tem por objetivo desenvolver um índice de vulnerabilidade socioambiental a partir de casos confirmados de dengue, considerando a intenção de espacializar e analisar os números de casos de pessoas infectadas conforme o grau de vulnerabilidade socioambiental no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de 2007 a 2017. Dessa forma, foram selecionados dois bairros da Zona Sul – Copacabana e Jardim Botânico – e dois bairros da Zona Oeste – Guaratiba e Santa Cruz. Para isto, foram estabelecidas e analisadas variáveis do Censo 2010 (IBGE) por meio da elaboração do Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental e a confecção de mapas temáticos por setor censitário em ambiente do Sistema de Informação Geográfica. Em seguida, os dados foram analisados pelo método estatístico Análise das Componentes Principais (ACP), com intenção de identificar quais variáveis assumiram maior peso no Índice de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pela ACP, a infraestrutura e a diferença de renda foram as principais consequências relacionadas ao grau de vulnerabilidade à luz dos casos confirmados de dengue. Em geral, os bairros de Guaratiba e Santa Cruz, localizados na Zona Oeste da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, apresentaram maiores números de casos de pessoas infectadas e apresentaram maior grau de Vulnerabilidade Socioambiental quando comparados aos bairros de Copacabana e Jardim Botânico, localizados na Zona Sul da cidade.
Effect of the Amount of Carbon in the Fe3O4@ZnO-C Nanocomposites on Its Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Astuti Astuti , Arief Syukri , Pebrina Devi 
Published: March 2023

Synthesis and characterization of structure magnetic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO- C nanocomposite have been done through the precipitation method. This study aimed to discover the effect of concentrations/thickness of carbon layer on crystal structure and magnetic properties of Fe3O4@ZnO-C nanocomposites. Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@ZnO were the samples used in the study, and variations in the amount of carbon were 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 g. Nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Based on the results of XRD, it has been found that the crystal structure for Fe3O4 was cubic, while ZnO was hexagonal wurtzite. The addition of carbons to Fe3O4@ZnO caused a broadening of the diffraction peaks and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity. The bonds formed on Fe3O4@ZnO-C nanocomposites, i.e. Fe-O bonds indicated the formation of Fe3O4, Zn-O bonds showed the formation of ZnO and C-O, C-H, and O-H bonds revealed the presence of a carbon layer originated from glucose. The VSM results showed that the magnetic saturation decreased with increasing carbon mass. Overall, the carbon-coated nanocomposite material with a carbon mass variation of 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05 g showed superparamagnetic properties with a magnetic saturation of 18.23 emu/g, 19.33 emu/g and 22.05 emu/g, while for the coercive field of 92.29 Oe, 92.90 Oe and 89.60 Oe, respectively. Based on these characterization results, Fe3O4@ZnO-C nanocomposite materials can potentially be developed as biomedical materials, such as the materials for photothermal therapy for cancer cells.
Determination of membrane protein orientation upon liposomal reconstitution down to the single vesicle level
Authors: Veit Sarina , Paweletz Laura Charlotte , Günther Pomorski Thomas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Reconstitution of membrane proteins into liposomal membranes represents a key technique in enabling functional analysis under well-defined conditions. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to selected methods that have been developed to determine membrane protein orientation after reconstitution in liposomes, including approaches based on proteolytic digestion with proteases, site-specific labeling, fluorescence quenching and activity assays. In addition, we briefly highlight new strategies based on single vesicle analysis to address the problem of sample heterogeneity.
LINC00511 promotes melanoma progression by targeting miR-610/NUCB2
Authors: Zhang Guangjing , Wang Zhengxiang , Liu Jie , Feng Shijun , Ji Shanshan , Ai Dongfang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 (LINC00511) predicts poor prognosis in various malignancies and functions as an oncogene in distinct malignant tumors. The role of LINC00511 in melanoma progression was assessed. In our research, expression of LINC00511 in melanoma cells was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Colony formation and CCK8 assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Cell metastasis was evaluated by transwell and wound healing assays. Downstream target of LINC00511 was investigated by luciferase activity assay. As a results, LINC00511 was elevated in melanoma cells and tissues. Loss of LINC00511 decreased cell viability, reduced proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma. miR-610 was target of LINC00511, and miR-610 binds to 3′UTR of nucleobindin-2 (NUCB2). Inhibition of miR-610 attenuated LINC00511 deficiency-induced decrease of NUCB2 in melanoma cells. Loss of miR-610 weakened LINC00511 deficiency-induced decrease of cell viability, proliferation, invasion, and migration of melanoma. In conclusion, silence of LINC00511 reduced cell proliferation and metastasis of melanoma through down-regulation of miR-610-mediated NUCB2.
The effect of heterophilic antibody interference in thyroglobulin measurement on different immunoassay devices
Authors: Kutluay Ismet Gamze , Bozdayi Mehmet Akif , Ulusal Hasan , Tarakcioglu Mehmet 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) is a biochemical marker used in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), but heterophile antibody interference may limit the clinical use of Tg.

Case presentation
In the first-year follow-up of a 31-year-old female patient who received treatment for papillary thyroid CA, a clinically significant difference was found in the Tg values measured by two different brand devices with similar measurement methods.

Conclusions
Despite the use of state-of-the-art laboratory equipment, heterophile antibodies in immunoassay analysis can still cause false high Tg measurements. Our case report shows that analytical errors can be avoided with attention and effective communication between clinicians and laboratory specialists. In this way, patients will be prevented from being misdiagnosed and/or exposed to treatment.