bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SDN and application layer DDoS attacks detection in IoT devices by attention‐based Bi‐LSTM‐CNN
Authors: Priyadarshini Ishaani , Mohanty Pinaki , Alkhayyat Ahmed , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Sachin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is connecting more devices every day. Security is critical to ensure that the devices operate in a trusted environment. The lack of proper IoT security encourages cybercriminals to target many smart devices across the network and gain sensitive information. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are common in the IoT infrastructure and involve hijacking IoT devices to consume resources and interrupt services. This may specifically vandalize the application running the service that the end users are trying to access (application layer DDoS attacks) or flood the network bandwidth leading to network failure (software defined network DDoS attacks). This article proposes a hybrid attention‐based bidirectional long short term memory (LSTM) with convolutional neural networks (CNN) to identify DDoS attacks in the application layer and SDN. We deploy several other machine learning models like logistic regression, decision trees, random forests, support vector machines, K‐nearest neighbors, extreme gradient boosting, artificial neural networks, CNN, LSTM, CNN‐LSTM to evaluate the performance of our proposed model. The evaluation metrics considered for the study are accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐1 score. The experimental analysis on multiple datasets exhibits that the proposed model performs the classification efficiently with an accuracy of 99.74% and 99.98%.
Comparison of the effect of saffron, crocin, and safranal on serum levels of oxidants and antioxidants in diabetic rats: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of animal studies
Authors: Mohammadi Yaser , Rezaei Farimani Azam , Beydokhti Hossein , Riahi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of saffron, crocin, and safranal on serum levels of oxidants and antioxidants in diabetic rats. The authors searched the databases with standard keywords until June 8, 2021. The random‐effects model was used to pool standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals to assess the effects of saffron and its active component. To investigate heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were utilized. Begg and Egger's tests were used to measure publication bias. Our results showed that saffron, crocin, and safranal were able to significantly reduce the serum levels of oxidants with strong efficacy so that saffron had the highest effectiveness on serum malondialdehyde (SMD, −2.84 (μmol/L) [95% confidence interval (CI), −4.32 to −1.36]; p < .001, I2 = 83.5%). In addition, saffron and its effective compounds were highly effective by increasing the serum level of antioxidants. In addition, saffron and its effective compounds were able to significantly increase the serum level of antioxidants with strong efficacy, while saffron had the highest effect on the serum level of total antioxidant capacity (SMD, 3.90 (μmol/L) [95% CI, 0.78–7.03]; p = .014, I2 = 86.9%). The findings of this study show that treatment with saffron, crocin, and safranal by strengthening the antioxidant defense system and modulating oxidative stress shows antidiabetic effects in the diabetic model of rats, also these findings support the potential effect of saffron and its effective compounds for the management of diabetes and its complications. However, more human studies are needed.
Subsidiary capability and charter change: Making Birkinshaw and Hood's framework actionable
Authors: Dzikowska Marlena , Gammelgaard Jens , Andersson Ulf 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch SummaryWe provide a more granular and comprehensive approach to subsidiary evolution and enhance the understanding of the complexity of the subsidiary's evolution in the era of value chain fine‐slicing. We extend Birkinshaw and Hood's model of general processes of subsidiary evolution into a model of functional evolutionary paths that represents nine configurations of charter and capability changes. We examine initiative, autonomy, and track record as determinants of 1455 functional evolutionary paths identified in 266 subsidiaries operating in the Polish and Swiss manufacturing sectors. Through a two‐level multinomial logistic regression model, we learn that subsidiary initiative and track record are positively related to an increase in subsidiaries' charter and capability enhancement, respectively. Subsidiary autonomy though, is negatively related to charter increase and capability enhancement.Managerial SummaryWe consider subsidiaries' initiative, autonomy, and track record as factors shaping the changes in functional responsibilities and corresponding capabilities. Our results show that frequent and successful initiatives support a functional charter increase but do not necessarily enhance corresponding functional capabilities. Furthermore, a lower level of decision‐making autonomy in efficiency‐driven organizations does not translate into difficulties with a functional charter increase. A subsidiary can benefit from lower autonomy by focusing subsidiary‐development efforts on areas aligned with the headquarters' interests. A proven track record does not translate into a functional charter increase; in some cases, it even increases the likelihood of charter depletion. Nonetheless, it increases the likelihood of enhancing functional capability.
Authoring a different story about advocacy and public intellectualism
Authors: Gonzales Leslie D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDominant stories about public intellectualism tend to erase academics of racially minoritized and marginalized backgrounds as well as academics appointed outside of research universities. This chapter makes sense of these erasures and considers their associated costs by applying the lenses of critical race theory (CRT) and epistemic injustice. Ultimately, this chapter attempts to broaden the academy's view about public intellectualism, making visible the work that so many have been doing for so long which includes fierce acts of advocacy and community uplift.
What makes an action plan “100% me”? Think aloud interviews about CVD prevention tools for varying health literacy needs
Authors: Batcup Carys , Bonner Carissa , Ayre Julie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIssue AddressedHealth behaviour change can be difficult to maintain. Action plans can address this issue, however, there has been little qualitative research to understand how to optimise action plan interventions. This study explored how people engage with a specific type of action plan intervention, the “volitional help sheet,” in a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention context.MethodsTwenty adults in the target age for CVD risk assessment (45 to 74 years) with varying health literacy participated in interviews and created an action plan to change their behaviour. Transcripts were analysed using framework analysis.ResultsParticipants described how engagement with plans was related to how personally relevant the target behaviour and the options within the plan were. Also important was participants visualising themselves enacting the plan when deciding which option to choose. Amongst participants who already engaged in a target behaviour, some did not perceive the plan was useful; others perceived the plan as a helpful prompt or a formalisation of existing plans. For some, the barriers to behaviour change were out of the scope of an action plan, highlighting the need for alternative supports.ConclusionThis study provides qualitative insights into unanticipated ways that people with varying health literacy use action plans, providing new guidance for future developers.So What?Not all action plans are created equal. Careful selection of behavioural targets and plan options and encouraging users to imagine the plan may enhance user engagement. Alternative behaviour change strategies should be available if key barriers cannot be addressed by the plan.
What works for whom? Mother's psychological distress as a moderator of the effectiveness of a home visiting intervention
Authors: Oxford Monica L. , Hash Jonika B. , Lohr Mary Jane , Fleming Charles B. , Dow‐Smith Carrie , Spieker Susan J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAttachment‐based home visiting programs that serve new mothers experiencing psychological distress may advance health equity by helping families systemically exposed to adversity. This study examined whether one such program (Promoting First Relationships/PFR) had particularly beneficial effects on maternal and child relationship outcomes for mothers reporting the greatest psychological distress. A randomized controlled trial of the PFR program included a low‐income sample of 252 Spanish‐ and English‐speaking mother‐child dyads referred prenatally for mental health concerns. The sample of mothers was 65.5% White, 17.5% Black, and 17.1% multiracial or other racial groups; 47.2% reported Hispanic ethnicity. The moderating variable of psychological distress was measured using maternal‐reported screening tools for symptoms of depression, anxiety, anger, post‐traumatic stress, and interpersonal sensitivity. Outcomes included observed parenting sensitivity and self‐reported understanding of infants/toddlers, caregiving confidence, and child externalizing behavior. Results showed a significant treatment condition by baseline psychological distress interaction for observed parenting sensitivity such that differences in outcomes favoring the PFR condition were greatest among those with high baseline psychological distress (baseline child age 6–12 weeks). In a low‐income sample of new mothers, those with the greatest need, as indicated by high psychological distress, showed greater improvements in their sensitive and responsive caregiving if they were randomized to the PFR treatment condition.
Ethylene oxide‐type hypersensitivity reactions in G‐CSF mobilized, peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cell donors and review
Authors: Cooling Laura , Sherbeck John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEthylene oxide (EtO) is a volatile, ringed toxic ether used to sterilize heat‐labile plastics including apheresis sets. In the 1980s, EtO‐associated severe hypersensitivity reactions during hemodialysis led to widespread adoption of alternative sterilization for dialysis kits but not apheresis tubing sets. We now report several cases of EtO‐type hypersensitivity reactions in autologous donors undergoing hematopoietic progenitor cell collection (HPCC).Materials and MethodsA 10‐year retrospective review of allergic EtO‐type reactions in adults undergoing HPCC on the COBE Spectra and SPECTRA Optia was performed. Donor medical history and absolute eosinophil counts were compared between cases and 34 HPCC controls. Published EtO reactions during extracorporeal procedures were reviewed with statistical analysis. Graphics and statistics were performed using commercial software.ResultsThree autologous HPCC donors experienced EtO‐type reactions within 15 min of initiating HPCC, for a 10‐year incident rate of 0.08% per procedure and 0.18% per donor. All three reactions occurred using the Spectra Optia and IDL tubing set, for an Optia/IDL specific rate of 0.2% per procedure and 0.5% per donor. There was no correlation between EtO reactions, eosinophil counts, or saline prime dwell times. No patient had classic predisposing risk factors for EtO hypersensitivity. Two patients required medical intervention whereas the third responded by pausing the procedure and slowing the inlet rate.ConclusionEtO‐type hypersensitivity reactions can be observed during HPCC, especially with the Optia IDL tubing set. EtO reactions may be missed due to their rarity and staff unfamiliarity with this clinical entity.
Copper‐catalyzed synthesis of α‐ketothioamides from ketones
Authors: Abdollahi Fatemeh , Ghaderi Arash 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the conversion of acetophenone to α‐ketothioamide was reported in the presence of CuI as the catalyst and S8/DMF as the coupling partners. The presence of both KF and NaOH was found to be necessary to achieve the high yield of the product. Propiophenone and butyrophenone also reacted in the presence of phenylboronic acid as an additive. Willgerodt‐Kindler products were not observed in these reactions.
One‐pot synthesis of CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites for improved photocatalytic hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol under direct sunlight
Authors: Tian Xiqiang , Dong Yanping , Zahid Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe excellent photocatalytic hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) with NaBH4 in the aqueous medium is still a big challenge. Herein, we report a facile one‐pot evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method to synthesize a series of CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites. The as‐synthesized CuO/TiO2 photocatalysts exhibit remarkable catalytic activity under direct sunlight in selective hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) due to the synergistic interaction of guest copper nanoparticles with host titanium dioxide (TiO2) species. Especially, 5 wt% CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite revealed superior reaction rate constant (k) value (0.306 min−1) when compared to 3 wt% CuO/TiO2 (0.192 min−1) and 7 wt% CuO/TiO2 (0.240 min−1). Moreover, several characterization techniques (XRD, TEM, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, DRS, and XPS) were executed to deeply investigate the effect of copper content on the bulk and interfacial properties of the catalysts. The characterization results proved that the superior photocatalytic hydrogenation over 5 wt% CuO/TiO2 catalyst can be ascribed to moderate CuO loading as well as even dispersion of CuO species on the surface of active TiO2 host, which can largely improve the light absorption ability within visible light region. Besides, the 5 wt% CuO/TiO2 catalyst exhibits remarkable recyclability and durability, retaining its superior activity (above 95%) up to several repeating cycles, proving its practical applicability for hydrogenation reactions at domestic and industrial levels.
A retrospective analysis of preemptive pharmacogenomic testing in 22,918 individuals from China
Authors: Huang Quanfei , Liao Yuwei , Yu Tao , Lei Wei , Liang Hongfeng , Wen Jianxin , Liu Qing , Chen Yu , Huang Kaisheng , Jing Lifang , Huang Xiaoyan , Liu Yuanru , Yu Xiaokang , Su Kaichan , Liu Tengfei , Yang Liye , Huang Min 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPharmacogenomics (PGx) examines the influence of genetic variation on drug responses. With more and more Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines published, PGx is gradually shifting from the reactive testing of single gene toward the preemptive testing of multiple genes. But the profile of PGx genes, especially for the intra‐country diversity, is not well understood in China.MethodsWe retrospectively collected preemptive PGx testing data of 22,918 participants from 20 provinces of China, analyzed frequencies of alleles, genotypes and phenotypes of pharmacogenes, predicted drug responses for each participant, and performed comparisons between different provinces.Results and ConclusionAfter analyzing 15 pharmacogenes from CPIC guidelines of 31 drugs, we found that 99.97% of individuals may have an atypical response to at least one drug; the participants carry actionable genotypes leading to atypical dosage recommendation for a median of eight drugs. Over 99% of the participants were recommended a decreased warfarin dose based on genetic factors. There were 20 drugs with high‐risk ratios from 0.18% to 58.25%, in which clopidogrel showed the highest high‐risk ratio. In addition, the high‐risk ratio of rasburicase in GUANGDONG (risk ratio (RR) = 13.17, 95%CI:4.06–33.22, p < 0.001) and GUANGXI (RR = 23.44, 95%CI:8.83–52.85, p < 0.001) were significantly higher than that in all provinces. Furthermore, the diversity we observed among 20 provinces suggests that preemptive PGx testing in different geographical regions in China may need to pay more attention to specific genes. These results emphasize the importance of preemptive PGx testing and provide essential evidence for promoting clinical implementation in China.
Significant elevations of serum amylase caused by macroamylase: Case reports and detection possibilities
Authors: Čásenská Jitka , Franeková Janka , Mačinga Peter , Jabor Antonín 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of isolated elevated serum amylase levels can be caused by high molecular mass complexes. We describe 13 cases of hyperamylasemia detected in adult patients without clinical symptoms of a pancreatic disorder. Five of them were thoroughly examined using different tools for the detection of macrocomplexes.MethodsWe performed both screening and more advanced methods of macroamylase detection, including polyethylene glycol precipitation, sample storage at 4°C and separation by gel filtration.ResultsThe presence of macroamylase in the suspected samples was confirmed by the methods described, except for the sample storage at 4°C. In this method, the enzyme activity did not decrease. The polyethylene glycol precipitation activity (% PPA) averaged 89.1% for amylase, whereas the control samples averaged 30.7%. Gel filtration chromatography confirmed an IgA macroamylase peak in three samples and an IgG macroamylase peak in two samples.ConclusionThe presence of macroamylase should be suspected whenever the clinical history and condition of the patient do not match the measured enzyme value to avoid diagnostic errors and unnecessary invasive examinations. The presence of macrocomplexes is considered a benign process that may occur in apparently healthy individuals. Cooperation between clinicians and laboratory staff is necessary.
Are emotionally competent adults emotionally available parents? Examination of theoretical and empirical relationships in a video‐recorded parent–child interaction clinical preschool‐aged sample
Authors: Müller Jörg Michael , Hoppermann Susanna , Elvert Christina , Janssen Marius 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveEmotional competence (EC) describes one's general ability to perceive, express, process, and regulate their own emotions as well as those of others. In the clinical context of parent–child interactions, the specific ability to perceive, express and regulate a child's emotions is conceptually covered by the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS). We aim to examine theoretical and empirical overlaps between EC (Rindermann) and emotional availability (EA; Biringen) for theoretical, diagnostic, and therapeutic reasons.MethodsParents of a clinically referred sample of preschool‐aged children (55 dyads) filled out a self‐report questionnaire (ECQ), and certified and blinded raters applied the EAS via observations. In a novel approach, the EC was additionally estimated with independent ratings made by two further observers. All dyads were coded on 10‐min video‐recorded parent–child interactions during free play.ResultsIn bivariate and multivariate analyses, EC scores from observational ratings were strongly associated with independently rated clinical emotional availability scores. EC scores from self‐reports were moderately associated with emotional availability scores. A post hoc power analysis estimated β error probabilities.ConclusionsEC may represent an important personal precondition to an emotionally available parent. As such, we discuss implications for early risk factor assessments for child development and highlight new prevention approaches, new diagnostic options, and refined treatment goals. Limitations included the sample size, assessment, and the influence of study design on results.
Distinct in vitro and in vivo neutralization profiles of monoclonal antibodies elicited by the receptor binding domain of the ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Kwon Hyung J. , Zhang Jun , Kosikova Matina , Tang Weichun , Ortega‐Rodriguez Uriel , Peng Hanqin , Meseda Clement A. , Pedro Cyntia L. , Schmeisser Falko , Lu Jianming , Kang Insung , Zhou Bin , Davis Charles T. , Wentworth David E. , Chen Wilbur H. , Shriver Mallory C. , Barnes Robin S. , Pasetti Marcela F. , Weir Jerry P. , Chen Bing , Xie Hang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBroadly neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants are sought to curb coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) infections. Here we produced and characterized a set of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the ancestral SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain (RBD). Two of them, 17A7 and 17B10, were highly potent in microneutralization assay with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) ≤135 ng/mL against infectious SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, including G614, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Kappa, Lambda, B.1.1.298, B.1.222, B.1.5, and R.1. Both mAbs (especially 17A7) also exhibited strong in vivo efficacy in protecting K18‐hACE2 transgenic mice from the lethal infection with G614, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta viruses. Structural analysis indicated that 17A7 and 17B10 target the tip of the receptor binding motif in the RBD‐up conformation. A third RBD‐reactive mAb (3A6) although escaped by Beta and Gamma, was highly effective in cross‐neutralizing Delta and Omicron BA.1 variants in vitro and in vivo. In competition experiments, antibodies targeting epitopes similar to these 3 mAbs were rarely enriched in human COVID‐19 convalescent sera or postvaccination sera. These results are helpful to inform new antibody/vaccine design and these mAbs can be useful tools for characterizing SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and elicited antibody responses.
T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction measurement to evaluate the poor‐prognosis factors in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Shujian , Liu Jie , Guo Rufei , Nickel Marcel Dominik , Zhang Yong , Cheng Jingliang , Zhu Jinxia 
Published: March 2023

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical feasibility of T1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement in assessing prognostic factors in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Materials and methodsA total of 117 CSCC patients and 59 healthy volunteers underwent T1 mapping and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) on a 3 T system. Native T1, contrast‐enhanced T1, ECV, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated and compared based on surgico‐pathologically verified deep stromal infiltration, parametrial invasion (PMI), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), lymph node metastasis, stage, histologic grade, and the Ki‐67 labeling index (LI).ResultsNative T1, contrast‐enhanced T1, ECV, and ADC values were significantly different between CSCC and the normal cervix (all p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in any parameters of CSCC when the tumors were grouped by stromal infiltration or lymph node status, respectively (all p > 0.05). In subgroups of the tumor stage and PMI, native T1 was significantly higher for advanced‐stage (p = 0.032) and PMI‐positive CSCC (p = 0.001). In subgroups of the grade and Ki‐67 LI, contrast‐enhanced T1 was significantly higher for high‐grade (p = 0.012) and Ki‐67 LI ≥ 50% tumors (p = 0.027). ECV was significantly higher in LVSI‐positive CSCC than in LVSI‐negative CSCC (p < 0.001). ADC values showed a significant difference for the grade (p < 0.001) but none for the other subgroups.ConclusionBoth T1 mapping and DWI could stratify the CSCC histologic grade. In addition, T1 mapping and ECV measurement might provide more quantitative metrics for noninvasively predicting poor prognostic factors and aiding in preoperative risk assessment in CSCC patients.