bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State Capacity and COVID-19: Targeted versus Population-Wide Restrictions
Authors: Chae Seung Hoon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Context: During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments varied in their implementation of social distancing rules. Some governments were able to target their social distancing requirements toward specific segments of the population, whereas others had to resort to more indiscriminate applications. This article will argue that state capacity crucially affected the manner in which social distancing rules were applied.
Methods: Using data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker, the author performed a series of ordered logistic regressions to examine whether state capacity increased the likelihood of more targeted applications of each social distancing rule.
Findings: Given the same level of infectivity, more capable states were indeed more likely to resort to targeted applications of each social distancing restriction. Interestingly, the size of state capacity's effect varied by the type of restriction. State capacity had a stronger influence on face-covering requirements and private-gathering restrictions than it had on school closures, workplace closures, and stay-at-home orders.
Conclusions: The way in which social distancing rules are applied is endogenous to state capacity. Effective governance is a precursor to more targeted and nuanced applications of social distancing rules.
Toward a Theory of Nonhuman Species-Being
Authors: Fair Hannah , McMullen Matthew 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This provocation asks what it could mean to recuperate the concept of species-being from its anthropocentric origins and expand it beyond the human by placing an emergent nonhuman labor literature in dialogue with recent rearticulations of Marx’s work on alienation. There is increasing interest in different modes of nonhuman labor, recognizing how animals are put to work to produce value for capitalism. This provocation advances these debates by asking: If nonhuman animals can be recognized as laboring, and as alienated laborers, can they, like humans, be alienated not just from the activities and products of their labor, but from their species-being? What would it mean to recognize forms of nonhuman species-being in which animals engage in world-making practices on their own terms? Could this reify the bounded notion of species or encourage a recourse to nature as a moral authority? And at a time of significant anthropogenic environmental transformation, are some modes of nonhuman species-being permanently foreclosed? This article explores these questions, tentatively working toward a theory of nonhuman species-being, considering its possibilities and political affordances.
The Value of a Headless Pear Shape in Percutaneous Balloon Compression for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Hu Shaozhen , Huang Zhengnan , Wang Haolin , Chen Kui , Xia Lei , Dou Ningning , Zhong Jun 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) has been regarded as a simple and effective remedy for trigeminal neuralgia. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the correlation between intraoperative balloon shapes and postoperative outcomes.

METHOD:
Those consecutive PBC cases performed in our department between 2019 and 2022 were reviewed. According to the intraoperative balloon figures, they were cataloged as headless pear, slim pear, bottle gourd, and winter melon groups. The degree of pain or numbness was quantified using the visual analog scale. Those pain-free or pain score <3 and satisfied by the patient were called effective, and those numb score >3 were taken into account of numbness incidence.

RESULTS:
Except for missing cases, 160 were finally recruited in this study with a mean follow-up for 23.6 ± 12.8 months. Postoperatively, the pain score plunged from 8.8 ± 1.0 to 0.8 ± 2.0 immediately, which rose slightly over time and maintained at 2.4 ± 3.1. The maximal pain score drop occurred in the headless pear group (P < .001) and the minimal in the winter melon group (P < .001). The early efficacy of PBC was 100%, 84.1%, 91.4%, and 50.0%, respectively. However, the long-term efficacy was 88.2%, 75.0%, 82.1% and 25.0%. The ipsilateral numbness occurred in most of the cases immediately after PBC with a score of 3.5 ± 2.3, which decreased significantly within 3 months to 2.3 ± 2.0 and turned to 1.7 ± 1.8 finally (P < .05). The highest and lowest numb score appeared in bottle gourd and winter melon groups, respectively (P < .05).

CONCLUSION:
A headless pear shape emerged in lateral fluoroscopy as the balloon was fully inflated indicates that the entire Meckel cave is suffused, and hence, the anterior semilunar ganglion has been solidly compressed, which may lead to a successful outcome.
Non-Classical Molecular Activation by Phosphines and N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Its Application to Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Fujimoto Hayato , Yasui Kosuke , Tobisu Mamoru 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This Award Account reports our recent studies concerning the catalytic transformations that involve a non-classical mode of molecular activation by tertiary phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs). Regarding organophosphine catalysis, we successfully designed reactions based on a P(III)/P(V) redox couple. A catalytic protocol for generating pentacoordinate P(V) species was devised by the reaction of tertiary phosphines, acyl fluorides and alkynoates. The ability of the thus generated fluorophosphoranes to participate in ligand coupling and ligand metathesis with organosilicon nucleophiles enables synthetic transformations that are otherwise unattainable, including the intermolecular carbofluorination of alkynes and the hydroalkenylation of enol ethers. Regarding nucleophilic NHC catalysis, the use of imidazolium-based NHCs can generate deoxy-Breslow intermediates that are sufficiently nucleophilic to promote the aromatic substitution of aryl halides, aryl ethers and anilides. The protocol can also be used for the nucleophilic activation of styrene derivatives, allowing for the generation of a series of ylide intermediates that can serve as non-stabilized vinyl anion equivalents. These results demonstrate that synthetic transformations involving non-stabilized carbanions can be conducted under catalytic conditions without the use of strong organometallic nucleophiles.
License to Layoff? Unemployment Insurance and the Moral Cost of Layoffs
Authors: Keum Dongil Daniel , Meier Stephan 
Published: July 2023

This study presents moral cost as a novel behavioral constraint on firm resource adjustment, specifically layoff decisions that can cause severe harm to employees. Revising the prevailing negative view of managers as purely self-interested, we propose that managers care about their employees and incur moral cost from layoffs. We leverage expansions in unemployment insurance as a quasi-natural experiment that reduces economic hardship for laid-off workers and, in turn, the moral cost of layoffs to managers. We find that these expansions license larger layoffs. The effects are stronger for chief executive officers (CEOs) with stronger prosocial preferences who dismiss fewer workers despite low performance, such as non-Republican, internally promoted, small town, or family firm CEOs, and weaker for CEOs who lack the discretion to avoid moral cost due to shareholder or financial pressures. Our findings suggest that the role of moral cost is substantial but also highly heterogeneous and readily suppressed by external pressures. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16734 .
Investigating the Resistance Expression Method of Wood Resistance Drill Instruments
Authors: Yao Jianfeng , Lu Jun , Ding Xilong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Wood density is an important attribute that is positively correlated with many wood quality parameters. How to express wood density with drill resistance is a challenge. In this study, we determined the optimal resistance expression using the current, voltage, and power of the DC (Direct-Current) motor. Nine wood blocks crossing over the pith, with widths and heights of 2 cm and 5 cm, respectively, were obtained from three larch (Larix spp.) trees. The microdensity of each wood block at every 0.1-mm length was measured, and the average current, voltage, and power of the DC motor was recorded when the drill fed forward at every 0.1 mm by a self-manufactured resistance drill. The drill path was parallel to the lengthwise direction of the block. The linear models between the current, voltage, and power of the DC motor and wood microdensity were subsequently established, and the model with the highest R2adj was selected to express the resistance. The adjusted R2adj of the forward stepwise regression models between the current, voltage, and power of the DC motor and wood microdensity were determined as 0.2943. This suggests that the drilling needle resistance expressed with the current, voltage, and power or other combination may be optimal.
RANTES and developmental defects of enamel in children: A Brazilian prenatal cohort (BRISA)
Authors: Costa Elisa Miranda , Pinho Judith Rafaelle Oliveira , Saraiva Maria da Conceição Pereira , Ribeiro Cecília Cláudia Costa , Batista Rosângela Fernandes Lucena , Coêlho Alves Cláudia Maria , Simões Vanda Maria Ferreira , Bettiol Heloisa , Barbieri Marco Antônio , de Carvalho Cavalli Ricardo , Thomaz Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca 
Published: July 2023

Objective
Little is known about the effect of maternal immunological factors on the etiology of developmental defects of enamel (DDE). RANTES (Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) is a chemokine produced by fibroblasts, lymphoid and epithelial mucosa cells in response to various external stimuli. Despite its importance for embryogenesis, RANTES expression has been demonstrated in multiple diseases characterized by inflammation, tumor and immune response, and wound healing. We hypothesized that altered levels of RANTES during pregnancy are associated with the immune and inflammatory response in women, which could lead to the occurrence of DDE in utero (DDE-iu), directly or mediated by preterm birth. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of serum levels of RANTES in pregnant women in the occurrence of DDE-iu in children.

Methods
This is a longitudinal case-control study. The mothers and their children (327) were evaluated in three moments: prenatal care, post childbirth, and when the child was between 12.3 and 36 months of age. The analysis was performed with structural equation modeling, estimating the standardized coefficient (SC), adopting α = 5%.

Results
There was a direct and negative effect of RANTES on the outcome (SC = -0.137; p = 0.022). This association was not mediated by preterm birth (SC = 0.007; P = 0.551). When considering the specific types of DDE-iu, RANTES had a direct effect on hypoplasia (SC = -0.190; p = 0.007), but not on opacity (SC = 0.343; p = 0.074).

Conclusion
Lower serum levels of RANTES may contribute to a higher number of teeth with DDE-iu, specifically hypoplasia. However, more evidence supported by clinical, laboratory and epidemiological studies is still needed.
Crisis response during the COVID-19 pandemic: Changes in social contact and social participation of older Americans
Authors: Zhang Yun , Luo Amber , Hou Luke , Chen Shanquan , Zhang Wei , Schwartz Andrew , Clouston Sean A. P. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
This study aimed to assess changes in social contact with family, friends and healthcare providers, as well as social participation in working, volunteering, religious services and other organized activities, among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic while examining the role of pre-COVID sociodemographic characteristics or cognitive and physical limitations in changes in social contact and participation.

Methods
We conducted secondary data analyses in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) COVID-19 questionnaire, collected in 2020 during a period of workplace closures and social distancing guidelines. We linked data to pre-COVID sociodemographic and medical information collected in 2019 before COVID interrupted social life. The frequency of participants’ social contact and social participation prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, were compared using paired t-tests for summed scores. Multivariate linear regression was used to relate participants’ socio-demographic, prior physical and cognitive performance with levels of social contact and participation and with changes reported during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
In total, results from 2,486 eligible participants revealed that COVID-19 was associated with decreased social contact among family and friends (change: -0.62; SE: 0.06; p<0.0001), and social participation among older adults (change: -0.58; SE: 0.02; p<0.0001). Pre-COVID characteristics including older age, lower educational attainment, poorer physical performance, and more chronic conditions were associated with lower social contact and social participation and with how older adults adapted their social lives during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Discussion
These results emphasize the importance of increasing digital inclusion for older adults in a major crisis.
Optimal timing and cutoff range of lung ultrasound in predicting surfactant administration in neonates: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Luo Keren , Wang Haoran , Huang Fangjun , Tang Jun 
Published: July 2023

Objective
Timely application of surfactant replacement therapy is critical for neonates with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Presently, early clinical decision on surfactant use relies solely on ventilator parameters. However, ventilator parameters are unable to truly recapitulate the extent of surfactant deficiency. Lung ultrasound has been increasingly used in the early prediction of surfactant use in recent years, but its predictive value remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to examine its predictive value in surfactant use and determine the optimal timing and cutoff value.

Methods
Studies on neonates with respiratory distress or diagnosed with RDS were collected from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Primary outcomes included sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of lung ultrasound.

Results
Ten eligible studies with 1162 participants were included. The sensitivity and specificity of lung ultrasound in predicting surfactant use were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81–0.90) and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.71–0.90), respectively. Lung ultrasound performed within 1–3 h after birth had a sensitivity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79–0.95) and a Youden’s index of 0.67. Compared with a lung ultrasound score (LUS) cutoff of ≤6/7, ≤8, >5, >6/7, and >8, a LUS cutoff of ≤5 had higher Youden’s index (0.73) and sensitivity (0.94, 95% CI: 0.85–0.97) in predicting surfactant use.

Conclusions
Lung ultrasound is effective for predicting surfactant use in neonates. Lung ultrasound within 1–3 h after birth and a LUS cutoff of 5 are recommended. However, the symptoms and oxygenation of the neonatal patients must also be considered.
Toward a Moderate Hierarchical View About the Moral Status of Animals
Authors: Sencerz Stefan 
Published: July 2023

In this essay, I develop a moderate hierarchical position about the moral status of animals that is based on two factors: on the level of mental development of a being who is affected and on the significance of the interests that are affected. I argue that this view accommodates two different sets of moral intuitions. On one hand, it explains why, in general, humans have the special moral standing that is typically attributed to us. On the other hand, it also allows us to accommodate much of our intuition about how animals ought to be treated. In addition, this view is supported also by plausible general theoretical considerations. Subsequently, I explore some implications of this view for some real-life examples of our interactions with animals, especially, for the practice of raising them for food using industrial methods. I argue that this practice is morally wrong and that the correct approach is to adopt a (nearly) plant-based lifestyle.
Nieruchomości gruntowe w zarządzie Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe w województwie wielkopolskim
Authors: Polna Małgorzata 
Published: July 2023

Celem artykułu jest analiza stanu zasobów, ich zmian oraz zróżnicowania przestrzennego gruntów będących w zarządzie Państwowego Gospodarstwa Leśnego Lasy Państwowe w województwie wielkopolskim. Odniesienie dla prowadzonych rozważań stanowi sytuacja w zakresie struktury zasobów pozostałych województw Polski. Przyjęty w opracowaniu zakres czasowy obejmuje lata 2002 i 2020. Badanie prowadzono na poziomie województwa oraz w układzie gminnym. Jego podstawę stanowiły niepublikowane materiały udostępnione przez Główny Urząd Geodezji i Kartografii w Warszawie. W pracy zastosowano metodę wskaźnikową. Przedstawiono i opisano aktualne trendy i zmiany zachodzące w strukturze nieruchomości gruntowych Lasów Państwowych. Stwierdzono, że zasoby gruntów Lasów Państwowych plasują województwo wielkopolskie na trzecim miejscu w kraju i ustępują jedynie gospodarstwom rolnym osób fizycznych. Wyniki badań wskazują na pozytywny kierunek zachodzących zmian. W strukturze użytkowania gruntów dominują lasy, a w latach 2002–2020 nastąpił wzrost ich areału oraz udziału w ogólnej powierzchni Lasów Państwowych. Wykazano, że zmiany zasobów gruntowych Lasów Państwowych w województwie wielkopolskim charakteryzują się zróżnicowaniem wewnątrzregionalnym.
The Mythology of Reason in “Das älteste Systemprogramm”: A Hegelian Project?
Authors: Barnaba Martina 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper aims to investigate the thesis of the so-called Neue Mythologie within the fragment entitled “Das älteste Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus” [“The Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism”]. The latter presents a revolutionary project of social pedagogy linked to the use of the aesthetic character of myth and poetry in the formation of the conscience and the intellect of the people. The program, therefore, formulates a fertile dialogue between the emancipatory potential of the Enlightenment and Jena Romanticism, in that it proposes a re-evaluation of feelings and Sinnlichkeit [sensuousness] in connection to modern rationality and freedom. The links between the rational mythology of the program and Hegelian philosophy will be explored, starting from his early writings, which are strictly concerned with the importance of a popular and sensuous religion (Volksreligion). Secondly, the work will retrace the same sensuous externalization of philosophical ideas within the relationships between art, religion and philosophy in the mature system, addressing the problem of Hegel’s change of heart regarding art and mythology between the two phases of his thought. In the end the value of symbolical mediation of concepts and idea will be established.
Vergleichskonstruktionen im Mittelniederdeutschen
Authors: Wallmeier Nadine , Wich-Reif Claudia 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Umfrageergebnisse des Dialektatlas Mittleres Westdeutschland (DMW) zu Vergleichskonstruktionen im niederdeutschen Raum zeigen, dass es für den Gebrauch von als und wie keine so eindeutigen Antworten gibt, wie es die Forschungsliteratur vermuten lässt. Um den gegenwartssprachlichen Befund angemessen beurteilen zu können, erscheint es fruchtbringend, zu prüfen, welche Formvarianz es in der mittelniederdeutschen Sprachperiode in unterschiedlichen Räumen gibt und wie diese zu bewerten sind. Die Analysen zeigen, dass es für eine angemessene diachrone Bewertung notwendig, wenn nicht unabdingbar ist, nicht nur Komparative, sondern auch Äquative in den Blick zu nehmen und beide Strukturen im Verlauf der Zeit in Bezug zueinander zu setzen.
Präpositionalphrasen mit duruh bei Otfrid und im Tatian
Authors: Braun Christian , Pfeifer Philipp , Scherr Elisabeth 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im Rahmen dieser Studie wird gezeigt, dass Präpositionalphrasen mit duruh im Ahd. Tatian sowie in Otfrids Evangelienbuch als Ergänzung sowie als Adverbiale auftreten können. Während sich Verwendungen als Ergänzung im Wesentlichen auf lokale Semantik beschränken, weist der Bereich der Adverbialen ein großes semantisches Spektrum auf. Die Präpositionalphrase duruh + NP kann zudem als Ausgangspunkt für einen Grammatikalisierungspfad gelten: Dieser bewegt sich über die Konstruktion duruh daz, bei der daz entweder als Pro-Form auf einen Referenten verweist oder im Sinne eines Konnektors einen Sachverhalt aufgreift, hin zu einer Funktion als Korrelat. In den analysierten Werken liegen alle Stufen dieses Grammatikalisierungsprozesses bereits vor.
Einflussfaktoren der Numeruskongruenz bei koordinierten Subjektsteilen in der Lutherbibel von 1545 und 2017
Authors: Glenzer Paulina 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Im Deutschen und seinen Sprachstufen löst die morphosyntaktische Konstruktion koordinierter Nominalphrasen einen Kongruenzkonflikt aus. Bestimmte semantische und syntaktische Faktoren – wie die Belebtheit der Konjunkte, die lineare Wortfolge von Subjekt und Verb sowie die semantische Nähe der Konjunkte – haben dabei einen Einfluss auf die Kongruenzformen. Im Rahmen einer quantitativen Studie wird der Einfluss dieser Faktoren untersucht. Als Datengrundlage dienen die Lutherbibel von 1545 und die revidierte Fassung von 2017. Der Vergleich der Bibeln zeigt, dass eine Verschiebung der einflussnehmenden Faktoren stattgefunden hat. Während in der Lutherbibel von 1545 die Belebtheit der Konjunkte und die Wortstellung eine Rolle spielen, zeigt sich in der revidierten Fassung ein deutlicher Einfluss der Determiniertheit der Konjunkte.
Das genus-insensitive Possessivpronomen sein in der Geschichte des Deutschen
Authors: Fleischer Jürg 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Das Possessivpronomen ahd. sīn bzw. nhd. sein ist in seiner anaphorischen Referenz im Prinzip auf maskuline und neutrale Possessoren beschränkt, doch finden sich seit dem Mittelhochdeutschen Belege, in denen sich dieses Pronomen auf einen femininen Possessor bezieht. Diese genus-insensitive Verwendung von sīn/sein könnte germanische Verhältnisse fortsetzen, allerdings ist sie im älteren Kontinentalwestgermanischen nicht mehr sicher belegt, ihr Auftreten in einer umstrittenen Otfrid-Stelle allerdings wohl nicht ausgeschlossen. Angesichts der Seltenheit der Konstruktion scheint die Annahme einer historischen Kontinuität jedoch wenig wahrscheinlich. Stattdessen bietet sich aufgrund der Markiertheitsverhältnisse eher die Interpretation an, dass es sich bei genus-insensitivem sīn/sein um das gelegentliche Auftreten der unmarkierten im Kontext der markierten Form handelt.
Zur Entwicklung der abstraktbildenden Wortbildungsmuster [X-heit], [X-scaf(t)] und [X-tuom] im Alt- und Mittelhochdeutschen
Authors: Stevanović Tanja 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Entwicklung der Wortbildungsmuster [X-heit], [X-scaf(t)] und [X-tuom] im Zeitraum von 800 bis 1300 anhand einer Untersuchung in den Referenzkorpora Altdeutsch und Mittelhochdeutsch. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, seit wann -heit, -scaf(t) und -tuom als Derivationssuffixe des Deutschen einzustufen sind. Außerdem werden die drei Muster, die zahlreiche Eigenschaften teilen, hinsichtlich ihrer Basiswörter und semantischen Funktion untersucht, um mögliche Konkurrenzen zwischen ihnen aufzudecken.