bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness Trajectories in Adults across the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Growth Modelling Study
Authors: Power Joanna McHugh , Daly Michael , Hyland Philip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose: Loneliness may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess i) correlates of loneliness among Irish adults during the first implementation of social distancing measures in the COVID-19 pandemic, ii) trajectories of loneliness during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and iii) predictors of changes in loneliness during this time.
Methods: Longitudinal nationally representative panel data were gathered from 1041 participants aged 18-80 across four timepoints during 2020, the first collected from 31st March 2020. Latent growth models in a structural equation modelling framework were used to evaluate change in loneliness over time.
Results: Participants were on average moderately lonely at the onset of the pandemic (intercept estimate = 1.91). Higher baseline loneliness was associated with being younger, not being in a relationship, being employed in the healthcare sector, lower levels of neighbourhood belongingness, and higher levels of depression. On average, loneliness levels were highly stable throughout 2020. Those working in the healthcare sector experienced a decline in loneliness over time, as did those with higher baseline levels of depressive symptomatology.
Conclusions: We describe correlates of loneliness at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland in 2020, as well as predictors of changes in loneliness across the first year of the pandemic. Those working in the healthcare sector had high initial loneliness which then declined, potentially reflecting adaptation to the demands of the pandemic. Results are discussed in the context of potentially informative theoretical frameworks of loneliness.
Water balance in boreal forests: the role of season-specific responses in a warming climate
Authors: Lopez Jose Gutierrez , Laudon Hjalmar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The water balance in boreal forests is dominated by snow in winter and rain in summer, but is expected to change in unpredictable ways by forecasted temperature rise and irregular precipitation patterns. Here we use 30 years of hydrological and environmental data representative of a mixed boreal forest including precipitation, tree transpiration (T), evapotranspiration (ET), vapor pressure deficit, and discharge, combined with a reconstructed 150-year historic climatic record. We show that contrasting seasonal conditions and their lag effects, common in high latitude ecosystems, reduce, buffer, or amplify the boreal forest’s response to extreme weather. Additionally, the season when extreme weather occurs and its preexisting conditions, define how the water balance is partitioned. We show that similarly hot-summer years, (e.g., 2018, 2021), can result in contrasting water balances, primarily because when precipitation is reduced, summer ET returns it rapidly to the atmosphere. Early snowmelt in spring due to high temperatures, accompanied with increased T during spring, reduces summer watershed discharge, storage, and can lower groundwater depths, several months after snowmelt. Using long-term tree T and environmental data, we show the individual importance of seasons in the partitioning of water balance, and highlight the major role boreal forests will play under future climate.
The prevalence and the demographic correlates of psychological distresses associated with Covid-19 pandemic in the elderly people.
Authors: Kim Kyoung Min , Jeong Hyo Seok , Chung Un Sun , Lee Il Ju , Lee Jung Jae 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: We explored the prevalence of psychological distresses associated with Covid-19 and its correlates in elderly people.
Methods:
We utilized survey data that screened psychological distresses associated with Covid-19 in 1,485 elderly people aged 60 or more. The survey was conducted by a trained interviewer who visited the participants. The assessment comprised demographic variables and the six items on psychological distress associated with Covid-19 including stress from work, financial issues, stress from home, fear, apprehension, and helplessness due to Covid-19. Each item was rated on a 5-point scale (much increased, increased, same as before, decreased, and much decreased).
Results:
The proportion of participants who responded “increased” or “much increased” were high as 6.5% (N = 245) for work, 26.8% (N = 398) for money, and 30.2% (N = 449) for home, 68.8% (N = 1,023) for fear, 76.0% (N = 1,128) for apprehension, and 61.9% (N = 920) for helplessness due to Covid-19. Younger age and, having a current job were significantly associated with higher distress regarding work and financial issues. Low household income was also significantly associated with higher distress regarding financial issues. Low education level and having family members living together were associated with increased psychological distress relating to fear, apprehension, and helplessness due to Covid-19.
Conclusion:
Our findings correlating psychological distress associated with Covid-19 provides information for implementing an efficient strategy to improve public mental health in elderly people during the Covid-19 pandemic. Future studies utilizing validated assessment tools are needed to confirm these findings.
Image Encryption Using a Reworked Vigenere Network That Incorporates Bitwise Genetic Crossover
Authors: JARJAR MARIEM , ABDELLAH ABID , Qobbi Younes , kaddouhi Samir El , JarJar Abdellatif , Benazzi Abdellhamid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The pixel of an image is always thought of as being the most important component in the encryption process. We will concentrate at the bit level, regarding it as the crucial aspect of encryption, by using novel dynamic replacement functions, strong diffusion functions, and pseudo-random substitution tables-built data from multiple randomly generated pseudo-random linear congruence generators. technical. This new technology makes our system more vulnerable to all potential attacks. The vector that was converted to binary at the Vigenere circuit's output will go through a genetic crossing that is optimized for the encryption of color images. The simulations made use of a sizable number of randomly selected images from databases.
Clinical Outcomes for High-Risk WHO Grade II Glioma Patients Treated with Upfront TMZ- based Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Zarabi Hosniya , Wicks Robert T. , Russell Gregory B. , Banderage Dineth , Strowd Roy , Mott Ryan T. , Laxton Adrian , Tatter Stephen B. , White Jaclyn J. , Lo Hui-Wen , Whitlow Christopher , Debinski Waldemar , Chan Michael D. , Lesser Glenn J. , Cramer Christina K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose: RTOG 9802 demonstrated improved survival with the use of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) over radiotherapy (RT) alone for WHO grade II gliomas (LGG) using PCV chemotherapy. We analyzed our retrospective dataset of predominantly temozolomide (TMZ)-based CRT in patients with LGG who would have been eligible for RTOG 9802.
Methods: We identified 67 patients (n= 38 astrocytoma (AC), 20 oligodendroglioma (OD), and 9 mixed (OA)) treated with upfront RT from 2000-2017. The CRT cohort (n=40) primarily consisted of TMZ (n=36) administered concurrently with RT. The median RT dose was 54 Gy (range 35-54 Gy). Kaplan- Meier analysis was used to assess overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).
Results: 5-year PFS was 64% vs. 44% for patients receiving CRT vs. RT alone (log-rank p=0.009). 5-year PFS for AC patients receiving CRT vs. RT alone was 57% vs. 21%, respectively (log-rank p=0.002) while 5-year PFS for OD/OA patients receiving CRT vs. RT alone was 79% vs. 72% (p=0.21). 5-year OS was 76% vs. 69% (p=0.10 ) for CRT vs. RT alone. Cox Proportional Hazards analysis revealed that patients with AC (HR=4.89, 95% CI (1.95, 12.3), p=0.0007), neurological deficits (HR=2.34, (1.12, 4.88), p=0.023), and tumors>6 cm (HR=2.69, (1.10, 6.58), p=0.03) had decreased OS. Cox analysis showed that use of upfront CRT (HR=0.40 , (0.20, 0.79), p=0.0086) was the only factor that improved PFS.
Conclusion: The use of upfront, predominantly TMZ-based, CRT has a PFS benefit over RT alone in patients with LGG.
Biodegradable edible film based on basil seed gum: the effect of gum and plasticizer concentrations
Authors: ORAÇ Aysun , GÖKTEPE Çiğdem Konak , DEMİRCİ Talha , AKIN Nihat 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this research, edible films produced from basil seed gum (BSG) with 3 different gum (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) and plasticizer concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%) were developed, and the physical, thermal, barrier and microstructural properties of these films were measured. As a result of XRD, AFM, DSC, and FT-IR spectroscopy analyses, it was concluded that the mechanical and barrier properties and thermal stability of BSG-based films are quite good. The increase in gum and glycerol concentrations increased the crystallinity also strengthened the mechanical and barrier properties of the film. Also, films with low gum and high glycerol ratio have almost smooth surfaces and appropriate transparency for packaging applications. As the glycerol and BSG concentration increased, WVP values of the films increased. The complete dissolution of this film in the soil within 60 days, even at the highest gum concentration, showed that this material could be considered eco-friendly packaging. For this reason, it is thought that BSG-based films and coatings with suitable gum and plasticizer concentrations can be a potential packaging material for foods since they can be obtained at low cost, have a very good barrier, thermal and structural properties, and are edible and biodegradable.
Methyl oleate alkylated tetralin with dual-functional groups as base oil with PAO to improve the performance of lithium-based grease
Authors: Tang Qiong , Zhao Zhiping , Li Ting , Ge Leizhen , Xu Hong , Liu Lei , Dong Jinxiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A novel dual-functional group base oil was synthesized by alkylation of methyl oleate from biomass and tetralin from coal chemical industry. Interestingly, the monoalkylated product (MOAT) exhibited low pour point, high flash point and viscosity index compared with the traditional alkyl aromatic lubricating oil (AN5), owing to the combination of the naphthenic aromatic (tetralin) and the methyl oleate framework. MOAT as co-base oil with PAO8 was studied to prepare lithium-based greases for the first time, their rheological and tribological properties were evaluated in detail. The microstructure of the MOAT based grease displayed high entanglement of lithium fiber. The 20% MOAT based grease markedly reduced friction and wear compared with PAO8 based grease and 20% AN5 based grease. The excellent tribological performances were attributed to the strong interaction between the ester group and the soap fiber that provides more relative elasticity of grease and improves tribological behavior. Our finding clearly demonstrated that MOAT had the potential as a new class of base oil for obtaining high-performance lithium grease.
Perceived Parenting Style of Father and its Implication on Empathy in Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lal Nitika 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The importance and impact of paternal parenting in an adolescent’s holistic development, even though is gaining recognition, the data related to this area of research is scarce. During the last decade, social research focused their attention to this domain, but most of those studies were limited to children. Prosocial behaviour in adolescents has been widely studied but only a few have been in the relation with paternal parenting. Despite all these drawbacks, there have been certain studies that focused on the relationship between father and teen and how this relationship impacts empathy in their adolescence. This manuscript highlights studies that focus on paternal parenting and its implication on adolescent’s empathy using previously published literature of the last two decades, aiming to provide a structure to the broad theme of paternal parenting and the component of empathy.
Preparing for a Revolution in Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Fajt Virginia R. 
Published: February 2023

Our understanding of the pharmacology of antimicrobials has taken major leaps in the past few years, as has the science of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In addition, the pathogenic bacteria vying for existence have started to regain the edge they had before the introduction of antimicrobials. The result is that we need to revise our vision of how to use antimicrobials. Antimicrobial therapy should be viewed like cardiac therapy: tailored to the animal, drug and disease. The days of one drug/one dose/all diseases are over.
But how can you as practitioners prepare for these changes? As with any diagnostic test, an understanding of how susceptibility testing works is critical for you to make reasonable decisions based on the results. This is not meant to be a discussion of microbiology, but rather the application of microbiology to pharmacology. Most veterinarians are familiar with the disc diffusion (KirbyBauer, BIOMIC system) and tube or plate dilution (e.g., Sensititre system) methods of susceptibility testing, but a quick review is in order.
Clinical Aspects of Ruminal Acidosis in Dairy Cattle
Authors: Oetzel Garrett R. 
Published: February 2023

Acute and subacute ruminal acidosis are well recognized as important diseases in beef feedlots.6,14,32,37 Acute ruminal acidosis has been long recognized in dairy cattle, although deaths due to acute ruminal acidosis are apparently less frequent in dairy cattle than in beef feedlot cattle. 35 Only recently has subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) been described for dairy cattle.26
Although dairy cattle are typically fed diets higher in forage and fiber compared to beef feedlot cattle, total consumption of rapidly fermentable (non-fiber) carbohydrates is similar between these two livestock classes because lactating dairy cows have very high feed intakes. This principle is illustrated by the data presented in Table 1. Ruminal pH values measured by continuous data acquisition in feedlot steers and lactating dairy cattle were similar when the cattle consumed similar total amounts of non-fiber carbohydrates. The prevalence of SARA in dairy herds is probably about the same as it is in beef feedlots.
The objectives of this paper are to review the pathophysiology, clinical signs, diagnostic methods and prevention of ruminal acidosis in dairy herds. The subacute form of ruminal acidosis will be emphasized.
Sore Feet, Sour Rumens, Clinical Quandaries
Authors: Nordlund Ken 
Published: February 2023

Clinical investigations of herds with a high prevalence of laminitis are complex. Laminitis has a multifactorial etiology. Visible signs of laminitis sometimes appear weeks or months after the inciting events. Once developed, some of the clinical signs of laminitis can remain with the cow throughout her lifetime.14
Ruminal acidosis is considered to be one of the primary causes of laminitis. The use of rumenocentesis as a diagnostic test by veterinarians has served to increase awareness of ruminal acidosis and has given them an ability to rule rumen acidosis "in-or-out" as a risk factor in a laminitis investigation.
For this program, I was asked to present the clinical picture of laminitis and ruminal acidosis based upon the many investigations by the Food Animal Production Medicine group at the University of Wisconsin. Because of the nature of the request, this paper will be a clinician's report including findings, observations, and opinions.
Making Cows out of Heifers
Authors: Houghton Patsy 
Published: February 2023

The replacement heifer is a mixed blessing for most cow-calf operators. On one hand, she represents the future profitability and genetic improvement of the cow herd, thus her selection and development are of paramount importance to the continued success of the cow herd.
On the other hand, the replacement heifer is an inconvenience at best. Her smaller size and higher nutritional requirements dictate she be raised and managed separately from the rest of the herd; yet the fact that she is essentially non-productive for the first two years of her life makes her easy prey for mismanagement. Nevertheless, proper growth and development of the replacement female from birth until she produces her first calf is of critical importance for her to become a highly productive part of the cow herd.
Heifer Development
Authors: Larson R. L. 
Published: February 2023

Replacement heifer development is a critically important area for veterinarians to offer production medicine advice to their beef-producing clients. Productivity for beef cattle herds has been shown to increase when a high percentage of heifers become pregnant early in the first breeding season.55 A producer's heifer development program should result in most heifers in the replacement pool reaching puberty at least 42 days prior to the start of breeding because the conception rate to first service is lower on the pubertal estrus compared to the third estrus.14,80 Many producers put additional pressure on heifers to reach puberty at a young age by breeding them 3 to 4 weeks earlier than the mature cow herd. The stress of calving is greater on heifers than older cows, and more likely accompanied by calving difficulty. Thus, breeding replacement heifers essentially one heat cycle earlier than the mature cows allows the producer to concentrate on the heifers at calving. In addition, the length of time from calving to the resumption of cycling is longer in heifers than in cows.98 Therefore, calving heifers earlier than mature cows gives the heifers the extra time they need to return to estrus and be cycling at the start of the subsequent breeding season.
In order for heifers to reach puberty by 12 to 13 months of age they must receive adequate nutritional intake to signal the body that the "luxury" of reproduction is attainable. Once puberty is attained, nutrition must be at a level that allows the heifer to continue cycling, ovulate a viable oocyte, and establish pregnancy. Nutritional demands of heifers during pregnancy exceed that of mature cows because the heifer is partitioning nutrients for her own growth as well as fetal growth and development. This increased demand for nutrients continues through early lactation, when the beef female has her highest nutritional requirements. Deficiency of energy or protein for extended periods in any production phase during the first two and one-half years of life will impact negatively on fetal development, calf viability, milk production and/or rebreeding for the next pregnancy.
Protocol for Identification of BVD PI Calves with Maternal Antibodies in Beef and Dairy Operations
Authors: Pence Mel , Baldwin Sandy , Hawkins Larry 
Published: February 2023

Bovine Virus Diarrhea (BVD) virus was first recognized as a pathogen in1946, and has been implicated as the cause of one of the most widespread and economically important diseases of cattle.
The importance of bovine virus diarrhea-persistently infected (BVD-PI) cattle in the spread and propagation of BVD virus has been well documented. A persistent BVD infection occurs when a fetus is exposed to the BVD virus in the first 120 days of gestation. At this stage, the developing fetal immune system recognizes the virus as part of "self", therefore, no immune response occurs. After birth, these BVD-PI cattle excrete tremendous amounts of virus from every body orifice throughout most of their lives, and thus are considered to be the most important reservoir for BVD virus. It is estimated that approximately 1% of all cattle are persistently infected.
Preliminary Results of an Observational Study describing the Relationship between Milk Urea Nitrogen and Pasture Management in Prince Edward Island Dairy Herds
Authors: Leger Emery , Arunvipas Pipat , Dohoo Ian , Keefe Greg , VanLeeuwen John , Wichtel Jeff 
Published: February 2023

The initial phase of a long term milk urea nitrogen (MUN) project consisted of a six month (May - Oct 99) observational study 75 dairy herds in Prince Edward Island, a temperate-climate, maritime province on the east coast of Canada.
Several studies have shown that MUN levels increase when cows are put on pasture (1, 2, 5 ). Ubertalle (4) found that MUN levels were related to grass quality and composition. Lean (5) reported that as pasture develops, the energy content and protein percentage of the dry matter (DM) decreases. Intensive pasture management reduces back grazing and promotes pasture regrowth (5), allowing the energy content and protein percentage of the dry matter (DM) to persist longerthan with low-intensity pasture management. This study describes the relationship between pasture management, precipitation, and observed MUN levels in dairy herds.
Commodity Feedstuffs in Cow/Calf and Stocker Rations
Authors: Blasi Dale A. 
Published: February 2023

Nutrition is the largest non-ownership cost associated with beef production. The beef industry's Standardized Performance Analysis (SPA) data on one million cows from 500 herds estimates that nutrition is responsible for 54% of total cash costs and 38% of total costs (Weaber, personal communication). Several options exist for astute managers intent on minimizing feed input costs. For example, if readily accessible and competitively priced, traditionally used byproducts such as soybean (SBM) or cottonseed meal, highly digestible fiber byproducts such as corn gluten feed (wet or dry; WCGF, DCGF), soybean hulls (SBH) and wheat middlings (WM) are a few of the many types available that efficient minded producers can use to reduce feed costs.
Byproducts of this nature originate from various milling industries in which the grain or oilseed undergoes extensive processing to extract the starch or oil for human or industrial use.
The annual production of WM, DCGF and WCGF, and SBH in the US approximates 7.4, 5.7 and 3.3 million tons, respectively. Other byproducts that are highly digestible include distillers dried grains, beet pulp and rice millfeed. In general, the protein and energy contents of these byproducts are complementary to lowquality forages and predominant forage-based growing rations when compared to traditional oilseed byproducts and grain.
Historically, grain processing industries such as wheat flour mills have marketed their byproducts primarily to commercial feed companies. As a general rule, the processing center derives approximately 10 - 15% of gross revenues from byproducts destined for livestock feeding4,5 hardly a significant reason for allowing the production and/or demand of byproducts to drive the entire process. However, increasing production costs and declining margins along with the opportunity to add value to the purchased crop commodity has encouraged grain and oilseed processors to rapidly adopt the notion of pelleting and directly marketing the resulting byproducts to beef producers. Pelleting byproducts at many grain processing and oilseed extraction centers has effectively reduced dust pollution, short term on-site storage concerns and accelerated the acceptance of byproducts by livestock producers through ease of transport and enhanced storage characteristics.42
Several factors should be considered first before byproducts are incorporated into an existing feeding program. First, the location of the processing facility must be well within the marketing radius of other competitively priced feedstuffs. Second, the nutrient composition of the byproducts should complement the intended animal's nutrient requirements. Third, besides unit cost and availability, the nutrient composition of the byproduct should be relatively consistent from load to load. This review article will address the factors which affect nutrient utilization, feeding guidelines and storage concerns with byproducts of this nature.