bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Use Different of L-Carnitine on Productive Performance on Egg of Two Breeds of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Flayyih Raghad N. W. , Al-Tay Ruwaida Z. Y. , Al-Shaar Nadia M. B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted on 270 quail females at the age of 42 days from two strains of Japanese quail, the desert and white, in order to show the effect of the strain and the levels of carnitine (0,200,250) mg carnitine/kg feed by three treatments and three replicates for each strain during the egg production stage (42-101) days. The results of study showed that there was a significant difference (p≤0.05) for the effect of strain on the number of eggs, the ratio of egg production HD%, the height of albumen, and the height of yolk, while there were no significant differences in egg weight, total egg mass, egg white ratio, yolk ratio, shell ratio shell thickness, yolk diameter, feed consumption rate, and feed conversion efficiency and mortlity ratio. The results showed, in relation to the effect of carnitine levels, that there were a significant differences (p≤0.05) in the characteristics of egg weight, total egg number, total egg mass, HD% egg albumen height, and yolk diameter, while the differences were not significant in the characteristics of whiteness and yolk ratio, shell, thickness of shell,, feed consumption rate (g/bird), feed conversion efficiency g/g egg, and mortality ratio. As for the effect of the interaction between the quail strains and three levels of carnitine, the results of the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences (p≤0.05) in the egg weight, the number and the mass of the total egg, HD%, the ratio of whiteness, yolk, shell, height and diameter of the albumen, feed consumption rate, and feed conversion efficiency, while the difference were not significant in the ratio of yolk, thickness of shell, height of yolk and the ratio of mortality
Evaluation of Addition Peppermint Oil on the Microbial and Sensory Properties of a Soft Milk Drink (Shenina)
Authors: Abdulsalaam Shaimmaa Riyadh , Akdo Hanan Jumaah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe study aimed to manufacture a diluted milk drink (Al-Shenina) flavored with mint oil at concentrations (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1) µl/L. the used oil wa s extracted by cold distillation using a clevenger device, the active compounds in peppermint oil were measured by GC/MS device technology. The most important of these compounds that appeared are Menthol, Methone, Pulegone and Limonene D- and their quantities were 28.5), 19.20, 18.26, (10.46%, respectively). The diluted milk drink manufactured above was stored under refrigeration for 30 days, and the effect of cold storage was observed on the total number of bacteria, the total number of lactic acid bacteria, % of total acidity, and the peroxide number. The readings were taken every ten days, where there was a non-significant increase in the total number of bacteria Until 10 days of storage, the highest numbers for the comparison sample were 1.72 x 108C.F.U/g, after which the numbers gradually decreased until the end of the storage period. The total number of lactic acid bacteria also had a non-significant increase in numbers up to 10 days of storage, and the highest numbers for the comparison sample were 1.5 x 106C.F.U/gm. The % value of acidity such as lactic acid in the milk drink increased insignificantly during the storage period, and the highest values were for the comparison treatment up to 10 days of storage and amounted to 0.25% compared to other treatments in which the acidity value was (0.21%, 0.22%, 0.32%) for the quantities of oil added 0.50, 0.75, 1 microliter/liter of milk. Also, the values of the peroxide number during storage had a significant increase in periods and insignificant in other periods, and the highest values were for the comparison treatment at the end of storage and amounted to 4.25 meq O2 / kg oil and the lowest at the beginning of the storage period for the treatments containing mint oil, and it reached meq3.52 O2 / kg oil. The results of the sensory evaluation of the milk drink with added concentrations of peppermint oil showed the preference for the treatment containing 1 microliter oil/liter of milk, which obtained a total score of 94% at the beginning of storage to become 83% at the end. This means that this sample was not affected by its sensory characteristics such as taste, texture and flavor Significantly during the storage period, and it was the preferred sample for the residents compared to the comparison sample, which obtained an evaluation of 87 degrees at the beginning of storage, and which decreased at the end of storage to 37 degrees after losing many of its sensory properties during storage.
Effect of Egg Weight and Type of Breeding on the Productive Performance of Japanese Quail
Authors: Al-Tikriti Samawal Sadi Abdullah , Al-Nassery Husham Zeyad Muhi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study was conducted in the farm of the Department of Animal Production of the College of Agriculture - Tikrit University for the period from 8/11/2021 to 2/2/2022, and the aim of the study was the effect of egg weight and breeding system on the productive performance of Japanese quail during the growth and egg production stages. 490 un naturalized one-day-old birds were raised from egg hatching collected and graded into three weight categories, low (8-10) gm, medium (10.1-11) gm and high (11.51-12.5) gm and divided into Three groups based on the weight of hatched eggs from (high, medium, low) to a ground breeding system and cages. The study included two stages, the first is the growth stage from (1-36) days old, and the second is the production stage from(37-78) days old. The results of the statistical analysis showed the following: (1) Effect of the breeding system: (A) There is a significant difference (P≤0.05) for quails raised in the ground breeding system in the following characteristics: weight at sexual maturity, while there were no significant differences in age at sexual maturity in the growth stage. (B) There is a significant (P≤0.05) superiority (P≤0.05) of quail birds raised by the ground breeding system in the following characteristics: average egg weight. While there were no significant differences in the weight of eggs for the first, second and third periods, the number of eggs. (2) Effect of egg weight, (A) There is a significant superiority (P≤0.05) of hatching quail birds from high-weight eggs in the characteristics of weight at sexual maturity, and age at sexual maturity for the stage of growth. Whereas, significant superiority (P≤0.05) was found in the following traits during the production stage: (A) High weight eggs: weight of the first egg, weight of eggs. (B) Low weight eggs: there were no significant differences between the treatments in terms of number of eggs,
Effect of Adding Annatto Seed Powder (Bixa orellana) and Astaxanthin to the Diet in some Physiological Traits of Broiler (Ross-308)
Authors: Al-Masoudi Zakariya Abd Al-Ameer , Al-Kafaji Fadhil Rasool Abbas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
From February 15, 2022, until March 22, 2022, researchers from the Al-Anwar Poultry Company in Babil Governorate carried out the experiment on their areas to examine the effect of adding annatto seed powder (Bixa orellana) and astaxanthin to the diet on physiological traits of broiler, using 225 unsexed one-day-old Ross-308 chickens, Chickens were randomly assigned to one of 15 cages containing one of five treatments (totaling 45 birds in all), with three replicates of 15 birds in each cage. Here’s how the experiment goes down: T1 control treatment / standard diet without addition, T2 addition powder annatto seeds (0.5 g / kg feed), T3 add powder annatto seeds (1 g / kg feed), T4 addition astaxanthin (50 mg / kg feed), T5 addition astaxanthin (100 mg / kg feed), the results showed in terms of blood cellular characteristics in relation to the number of red blood cells, we note a significant superiority (p ≤ 0.05) for the treatment T3, while the number of white blood cells improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T4, and with regard to hematocrit The blood (pcv) was significantly superior (p≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T1 and T3, as for hemoglobin trait the T1 treatment was significantly (p≤ 0.05), and the H/L ratio was significantly improved (p≤ 0.05) for the T2 treatment. with regard to blood biochemical characteristics for glucose we note a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for T2 treatment, as for the total protein we see a highly significant superiority (p≤ 0.01) for the treatments T2, T4 and T5, and in the form of albumin we notice a significant superiority (p≤ 0.05) for the treatment T5, and in the of globulin we notice a significant superiority (p≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T4, as for uric acid we see a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T2 and T5. with regard to protein lipids in relation to cholesterol we see a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for treatments T3 and T5, and for triglycerides it improved significantly (p≤ 0.05) for treatment T2, and for high-density lipoproteins (HDL) we notice a significant superiority (p≤ 0.05) for treatment T2, and for low-density lipoproteins (LDL) we see an improvement Significant (p ≤ 0.05) for T5 treatment, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05) for T2 treatment. As for the indicators of oxidative stress in the blood, we see a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for the (AST) enzyme for T3 treatment, and for the (ALT) enzyme we notice a significant improvement (p≤ 0.05) for the T4 treatment, while for the (GPX) enzyme we see a highly significant superiority (p≤ 0.01) for the T2 and T4 treatments, and for the Heat shock protein (HSP 70) We notice a significant improvement (p ≤ 0.05) for the two treatments T3 and T4.
Relationship of GHRL Gene Polymorphism with Milk Production and Components in Holstein Cows
Authors: Shnawa Majeed , Al- Khuzai Hamza M. H. , Al-Yaseri Ahmed J. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study was conducted in private station located in the middle of Iraq by using 100 samples of blood to determine the effect of GHRL gene polymorphism on milk traits in Holstein cows. Results showed two alleles with co-dominance and three genotypes was detected in the site -97, the allele frequency was 0.72 and 0.28 for G and A allele respectively. Results showed a significant effect of SNP on lactation period length (P<0.01). The cows with mutant genotype (AA) were the longest lactation period (241 day) while the cows with wild genotype were the shortest lactation period. Total milk yield affected significantly (P<0.01) by allele type, the highest quantity of milk yield was in cows with mutant genotype namely, 3366.77 Kg. High significant differences in daily milk yield were reported in cows according the alleles type, AA cows genotypes achieved 13.97 Kg /day compared with the cows with GG genotype which achieved 8.82 kg/day. Milk components such as lactose and protein were affected significantly (P<0.01) by GHRL gene SNP, the highest rate of lactose and protein were noticed in cows with wild genotype namely, 5.45 and 3.60% respectively. Milk fat differed significantly (P<0.05) in cows depending on its genotype, the highest rate was recorded in cows with wild genotype (GG) namely 3.90%.
Effects of Foliar and Soil Applications of Silicic Acid (Silicon 0.8%) on the Growth and Yield of Tomato under Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Desher Mohsin A. , Abdulali Husam H. , Alyousuf Aqeel Adnan , Nikpay Amin , Laane Henk-Maarten 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop in Iraq. Experiments have been conducted to compare the effects of foliar and soil surface (drench) applications of silicic acid on tomato under greenhouse conditions. The experiment consisted of treatments with or without silicic acid (AB Yellow) treatments with different concentrations to evaluate the efficacy on growth, yield, and quality parameters of tomato. The results showed that foliar applied and soil drenching of silicic acid in different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 ml/L) significantly increased yield and quality attributes compared to control. Silicic acid, applied as foliar spray or as soil drench, as 2 ml/L increased growth and yield significantly.
Growth and Yield of Three Soybean Cultivars by the Nutritional Effect of Zinc and Arginine
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Basim Abid Salih , Al-Dulaimi Bashir Hamad Abdullah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To examine the impact of foliar feeding with zinc and arginine acid on some physiological and productive traits of soybean cultivars, an experiment was carried out in the fields of a crop in the Al-Khalidiya Island area of Al-Anbar Governorate, at 43° longitude and 33° latitude, in a sandy mixture soil. The experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), a split-split plot, and three replicates, with zinc concentrations (50.0 and 100 mg ZnL−1) on the main plates, arginine concentrations (40.0 and 80 mg Arl−1) on the secondary plates, and the varieties (D, Shaima, and Lee) on the sub-secondary plates. Results from the experiment are summarized as follows: The highest mean for all traits studied was found with a Zinc concentration of 100 mg Zn l−1, which also outperformed a concentration of 50 mg Zn l−1 and the control treatment. Arginine 40 mg L−1 achieved the highest rate for leaf area and nitrogen percentage in leaves, while 80 mg L−1 gave the highest average for root length (28.77 cm), number of pods per plant, fertility rate per pod (95.39%) and plant seed yield (58.21 g plant−1). Leaf area and pod count were also best for the Shaima variety, whereas root length, pod fertility, and seed output were best for the Lee variety. The leaf nitrogen content of the different cultivars did not differ appreciably.
Evaluation Analysis of Thresher Mechanically Developed
Authors: Al-Dawla Ayoub Abdel Aziz Mohammed , Rajab Adel Ahmed Abdullah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This machine was developed in Al-Hamdani factory in the industrial area of Mosul city in 2022 and practical experiments were carried out to evaluate its performance. The factors were studied using two Cultivars of corn (Rayal and ZP) and rotation speed (50, 100) rpm And clearance (10-20) mm on some indicators, namely: productivity (kg.h−1), percentage of unseparated grains (%), consumed capacity (kilowatts) and operating costs (dinar.kw−1). The experiment was carried out using a Complete Random Design (CRD) and with three refiners specifically The main objectives of the research were to develop a manual threshing machine and to select the most appropriate operating factors that affect its performance. The results of the study showed the superiority of the (ZP) variety on the (Rayal) variety in recording the lowest power exhausted and the lowest costs of electrical energy. The rotational speed 100 rpm exhausted achieved the highest value for both productivity exhausted, capacity and electrical energy unseparated costs, while achieving 50 rpm has the highest value in the percentage of unseparated reaching superiority grains, as well as the clearance superiority 20 mm in achieving the highest productivity, the lowest reaching capacity for the energy consumed and the lowest costs, while clearance 10 gave the lowest percentage of the unseparated grains.
Effect of Ion Pairs on the Dispersion Parameters (SAR, MCAR, CROSS) of some Calcareous and Saline Soils in Nineveh Governorate
Authors: Khaled Majed M. , Ahmed Hazim M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study included selected soils from locations within Nineveh Governorate (Tal-Kaif, Al Hamdaniya, represent calcareous soils),(Rabie’a, Tal-Abta, represent saline soils) three depths were determined for soil sampling (0-20) (20-50) (50-80) cm. The results showed that there was a difference in the effect of dispersion parameters on the structural composition of soil and the degradation of soil properties, where it was observed that the values of the parameters, SAR, MCAR, CROSS were high after correcting the ion pairs values. The increase in the SAR value appeared in calcareous soils at a average of (0.031) and for saline soils at a average of (0.463) after correcting the ion pairs. The MCAR values increased in calcareous soils by (0.025) and saline soils by (0.508) after correcting the ion pairs. CROSS increased in calcareous soils by (0.027) and saline soils by (0.532) after correcting the ion pairs.
Photovoltage Energy Exploitation in Iraq: Overview of Obstacles and Solutions
Authors: Mohammed Shareef Ayed , Aljawadi Rafea Abdulsattar , Khessro Montaser Khairie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Energy is an essential component of meeting social needs and economic growth. The international energy agency (IEA) estimates that a 53% increase in global energy consumption is expected by 2030. Pollution of environment, climate change, and the growing of demand energy worldwide require serious attention. Moreover, fossil fuels will significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions from combustion and exacerbate climate change. Renewable energies (REs) such as solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biofuels are the right solution to running out of fossil fuels, protecting the environment, and stopping climate degradation. Many countries have jumped into the field of energy production from photovoltaic panels to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and recorded success stories. This paper reviews the great efforts developed countries and the rest of the world made in investing in solar energy. Especially photovoltaic energy, and compares it with the reality of the situation concerning the neighboring countries of Iraq in general and in Iraq in particular, and shows the determinants of developing this industry and the difficulties it faces, especially in the field of providing electricity to cities and farms. Moreover, providing appropriate solutions based on the success stories achieved by other countries.
Economic Analysis for Measuring the Economic Efficiency and Affecting Factors of the Barley Farms in Iraq-Wasit Governorate Al-Suwaira District, an Applied Model for the Year 2020
Authors: Jaafer Hawraa , Ali S. H. , Shukr Ali S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to estimate barley farms efficiency, with its technical and allocative branches and to identify the most important factors affecting economic efficiency, as the data were collected through a questionnaire form randomly distributed to 44 barley growers in Wasit Governorate / Essaouira district, the relationship between barley production, area and quantity was estimated. The seeds, the amount of urea fertilizer and the compound fertilizer, the number of hours of automated work and manual work using the data envelope analysis method and the Deap program with internal orientation. The sample level (0.96, 0.66, 0.64) respectively. Excel, spss and AMOS program were used by which the most important factors affecting economic efficiency were determined by conducting factor analysis. Accordingly, the research recommended urging farmers to use the optimal quantities of resources, develop their administrative capabilities, and pay attention to non-price factors as well, as they contribute to encouraging farmers to increase cultivated areas and production.
Jatropha Green Petroleum Tree (Article Review)
Authors: Basheer Shahla Abdulrazzaq , Ali Sumood Hussain , Mohammed Anwer Noori 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This article provides a bibliography discussing the significance of Jatropha as a biofuel crop around the world. In the family Euphorbiaceae, the genus Jatropha contains about 170 species of shrubs and trees (some of which are deciduous, such as Jatropha Curcas L.). It’s a perennial that can withstand dry conditions, grows well in soil with low fertility, and yields a lot of oil per plot. Plants produce seeds for up to 50 years and grow rapidly. Due to its many advantages, jatropha has attracted attention as a potentially useful tropical plant in the expansion of renewable energy sources. It has more real and intangible environmental advantages than any other competition, and it deserves to be recognized as such. In comparison to other biodiesel feedstocks, jatropha produces more oil for its price, and it has excellent fuel characteristics. It’s a source of energy rather than food because it comes from an oilseed that isn’t edible. If you’re looking for a cleaner alternative to diesel, consider jatropha, which may be utilized in diesel engines without sacrificing performance. Additionally, jatropha has a major impact on the quality of life in rural areas. According to some estimates, the plant might give a weight-based oil production of up to 40% per seed. This article explores the environmental and economic significance of the Jatropha tree, as well as the characteristics of its seeds in relation to oil production and the possibility of using it as an environmentally friendly biofuel, as well as its methods of propagation, requirements for its growth, and what it needs from developmental processes in cultivation.
Assessment the Air Pollution at the some Areas in Salahaddin Governorate - Iraq
Authors: Hameed-Ameen Attalah Maeedi , Alallawi Ahmed Ibrahim , Alabdraba Waleed M. Sh. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in Salah al-Din Governorate - northern Iraq, during the period from 1/11/2021 to 30/3/2022, with the aim of evaluating the level of pollutants in the atmospheric air for three areas: Al-Boutama (rural area), Baiji refinery (oil industry area), and the city of Tikrit (a densely populated area), the concentrations of toxic gases were measured: sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrite (NO2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide. (CO), using the Wolf Pack Modular Area Monitor. The results were as follows: Significant differences were found between the study sites for all the variables tested, and Baiji refinery recorded the highest values for each of the variables SO2, NO, NO2, HCl and HF, which amounted to 2.54, 8.28, 6.4, 10.62 ppm and 0.42 mg/ m3, respectively. November 2021 recorded the highest concentrations of HCl and CO compounds with averages of 7.6 ppm and 18.37 mg/m3, respectively, while January 2022 recorded the highest averages of NO2, HF and CO2, which amounted to 5.27 ppm and 0.4 mg/m3 and 791 ppm, respectively, the interaction between Baiji refinery site and the months of November, December and January recorded the highest concentrations of pollutants amounting to 4.4 ppm for SO2 concentration, 11.2 ppm for NO concentration, 7.9 ppm for NO2 concentration, 13.8 ppm for HCl concentration, and 0.7 mg/m3 for HF concentration, and 16.5 ppm for VOCs concentration.
The Use of Mathematical and Statistical Analysis in Selecting of Best Regression Equation for Quercus Infectoria G.Olivier
Authors: Salih Tariq K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to use mathematical and statistical analysis in testing the performance ability of standard volume models in volume prediction of Gall Oak trees. A sample of 205 non - destructive trees was purposely selected from Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Of which 157 were used for estimating the parameters of regression models and the rest (48) trees served as validation data. Using computer facilities, the available software packages, and tools including STATGRAPHIC Centurion and Excel tool, the parameters of 28 models were estimated. A multistage procedure was used for screening the generated regression equations and selecting the most appropriate one, which underwent validation with independent data. In this study, a new criterion was proposed and used for testing the accuracy of regression equations in the prediction of the dependent variable. At the end of this process, the regression equation Vt = 0.00442+0.0108D^1.917H was finally selected as the most appropriate one that fits the data.