bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical-Radiological Aspects and Their Influence on the Results of Pituitary Adenomas Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Kuptsov A. , Abarca-Olivas J. , Monjas-Cánovas I. , Argüello-Gordillo T. , Picó-Alfonso A. , Sánchez-Payá J. , Nieto-Navarro J. A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Introduction Endoscopic endonasal surgery has globally improved postoperative results in pituitary adenomas.
Material and Methods We retrospectively analyzed 101 patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic surgery for pituitary adenomas in the period from 2016 to 2021. Data on epidemiological variables, preoperative radiological factors including tumor volume, tumor appearance, cavernous sinus invasion (modified Knosp scale), degree of extension according to the SIPAP (stands for the five directions in which a pituitary adenoma can extend: suprasellar, infrasellar, parasellar, anterior, and posterior) classification, and preoperative visualization of the healthy gland on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were collected as well as intra- and postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. As variables of interest, data on the degree of tumoral resection and preservation of hormonal function were collected.
Results Among the preoperative factors related to greater tumoral resection, we found a lesser tumoral extension according to the SIPAP scale, and the absence of a postoperative CSF leak had a statistically significant relation with greater hormonal preservation.
Conclusion The SIPAP classification is a simple-to-measure preoperative radiological variable that could predict the extent of resection, and, conversely, the occurrence of a postoperative CSF leak has been associated with an inferior endocrinological outcome in this type of surgery.
Improving Scaling Performance in Research for Development: Learning from a Realist Evaluation of the Scaling Readiness Approach
Authors: Damtew Elias , Douthwaite Boru , Schut Marc , Sartas Murat , Leeuwis Cees 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComplexity-sensitive decision support approaches (CSDSA) have gained prominence in the research for development (R4D) sector. However, limited attention has been given to critically examining the underlying causal assumptions of CSDSAs and their overall effectiveness in navigating complexity and achieving desired outcomes. Scaling Readiness has emerged as a novel CSDSA that is increasingly applied in R4D programs in low- and middle-income countries to improve the scaling of innovation. This study offers theory-based explanations on the extent to which Scaling Readiness supports evidence-based design, implementation and monitoring of scaling strategies in two R4D interventions. The contribution of Scaling Readiness is influenced by various contextual factors, including pre-existing partnerships and established institutional intervention project and performance management practices. The findings underscore the significance of investing in broader institutional impact culture growth. This includes critical evaluation of how funding, incentive, and performance mechanisms enable or constrain evidence-based decision-making and adaptive management at intervention and organizational level towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals.
Cognitive and emotional factors related to COVID-19 among high-risk ethnically diverse adults at the onset of the New York City outbreak: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Kukafka Rita , Millery Mari , Pan Samuel , Silverman Thomas B. , Zhang Tianmai , McGuinness Julia E. , Crew Katherine D. , Aguirre Alejandra N. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA cross-sectional survey was conducted among high-risk, racially/ethnically diverse adults at the point in time when New York City (NYC) became the COVID-19 pandemic’s global epicenter. The study objective was to assess the threat and coping appraisals (cognitive factors known to correspond with people’s willingness to adopt behaviorally focused interventions) and levels of distress, anxiety, and intolerance for uncertainty (emotional factors). Survey respondents were recruited in April 2020 using an online survey with unpaid recruitment on the GetHealthyHeights.org community-oriented website. We also recruited participants that engaged in previous research studies to gain survey responses from community members at higher risk for COVID-19 complications due to comorbidities compared to the general population. Analysis was performed to test for differences in survey responses by comorbidities, age, race, ethnicity, and employment status. Results show that the devastating effects of the pandemic appear to have uniquely impacted minority respondents, who reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and were significantly more likely to report having little control over whether they will get COVID-19 compared with White/non-Hispanic respondents. Minority respondents also had significantly higher mean scores on the behaviorally focused dimension of the intolerance of uncertainty (IU) scale, which measures avoidance and paralysis in the face of uncertainty. In multivariate analysis, IU predicted anxiety levels, and this association was not mediated by cognitive factors (threat and coping appraisals). By conducting this survey early in the pandemic, our study uniquely evaluated cognitive and emotional factors among a racially/ethnically diverse group of NYC residents during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest the need to acknowledge the disparities that appear to exist in pandemic response and for culturally tailored messaging and interventions. Few studies have reported differences by race and ethnicity during pandemic exposure. Therefore, further research on factors that may influence pandemic response among minority populations is needed.
Growth and passivation of individual carbon nanoparticles by C2H2 addition at high temperatures: Dependence of growth rate and evolution on material and size
Authors: Lau Chris Y. , Rodriguez Daniel J. , Friese Abigail M. , Anderson Scott L. 
Published: May 2023

Absolute kinetics for reactions of C2H2 with a series of ∼60 individual carbon nanoparticles (NPs) from graphite, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon black, diamond, and nano-onion feedstocks were measured for temperatures (TNP) ranging from 1200 to 1700 K. All the NPs were observed to gain mass by carbon addition under conditions that varied with feedstock but with large variations in initial growth rate. Long reaction periods were studied to allow the evolution of growth rates over time to be observed. Diamond NPs were found to passivate against C2H2 addition if heated above ∼1400 K, and the highly variable initial reactivity for carbon nano-onions was found to depend on the presence of non-onion-structure surface carbon. For graphitic and carbon black NPs, three distinct growth modes were observed, correlated with the initial NP mass (Minitial). Smallest graphitic and carbon black NPs, with masses &lt;∼25 MDa, initially grew rapidly but also passivated quickly after adding &lt;4% of Minitial. NPs in the 20–50 MDa range also passivated but only after multiple waves of fast growth separated by periods of low reactivity, with up to ∼11% total mass gain before passivation. The largest carbon black and graphitic NPs, with Minitial &gt;50 MDa, grew rapidly and continuously, adding up to ∼300% of Minitial with no sign of rate slowing as long as C2H2 was present. The efficiencies for C2H2 addition and etching by O2 are strongly correlated, but the correlation changes as the NPs passivate. Growth and passivation mechanisms are discussed.
Laboratory reproduction of grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus)
Authors: Cardoso Leonardo Demier , Souza André Batista de , Mattos Douglas da Cruz , Polese Marcelo Fanttini , Bassul Lucas Areias , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha , França Marlon Carlos , Lavander Henrique David 
Published: May 2023

Context Balistes capriscus is relevant for fishing worldwide, but there is no consistent information on the maintenance of the species in a captive environment. Aims Develop protocols for the reproduction of the species in aquaculture systems, contributing to the maintenance of the supply in the commerce through captive breeding. Methods A Balistes capriscus couple was selected on the basis of behavioural observations. Nutritional and environmental stimuli were invested in obtaining natural spawning. After reproduction, the larvae were regularly observed under an microscope to monitor the ontogenic development. In larviculture, feeds based on Brachionus plicatilis (10 mL−1) and Nannochloropsis oculata (150 000 cells mL−1) and pate formulated with Artemia salina, Nannochloropsis oculata, sardines and commercial feed were evaluated. Key results The eggs had a diameter of 667.5 μm (±21.66) and formed a mass adhered to the substrate. Newly hatched larvae had a total length of 1653.63 μm (±213.97). The first food intake was evidenced 72 h after hatching; however, larvae did not survive more than 6 days. Conclusions The reproduction in laboratory of the species is viable; however, larviculture remains a limiting factor. Implications The success in captive breeding is essential for the introduction of B. capriscus in aquaculture, and for the conservation of the species.
Slowing Metaphor Down
Authors: Steen Gerard J. 
Published: May 2023

If thinking can be fast or slow, metaphorical thinking can be fast and slow too. But metaphorical thinking does not occur as often and in the ways that many metaphor scholars today think. Slow metaphorical thinking does mean, however, that we can exert more control over metaphor than has previously been acknowledged. We can even offer resistance to metaphor.
Deliberate Metaphor Theory (DMT) claims that there is an essential processing difference between non-deliberate and deliberate metaphor use which can explain all this. This book is the first full account of the DMT model for metaphor comprehension. It presents explicit conceptualization and formal operationalization, and is based on a well-known cognitive-psychological model for all utterance comprehension in discourse. The original three-dimensional model of DMT is here refined into a four-dimensional model, which reveals new research questions and discoveries about the use of metaphor.
The book brings together numerous cognitive-scientific insights into metaphor. It has a high degree of interdisciplinary accessibility to all students of metaphor, whether master students, PhDs, post docs, or established academics.
Derived verbs and future-conditional stem regularization in
written Spanish in synchrony and diachrony
Authors: Graham Lamar A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Spanish verbs derived via prefixation
prescriptively retain the morphological complexity of their root
verbs. However, some verbs derived from decir and
hacer show allomorphic variation in the future
and conditional, which is documented by the RAE for
decir but not at all for
hacer. The results of this study of historical
variation suggest decreased morphological transparency of some verbs
but not of others. Verbs derived from hacer
continue to resist regularization, with the notable exception of
satisfacer. The set of
decir-derived verbs is much more complex in its
tendencies. This may be attributable to either (a) perceived opacity
of contradecir or (b) increased analogical pressure
from maldecir and bendecir which
are completely regularized in modern usage. The presence of
regularized bendecir and its possible effects on
etymologically related verbs contrasts with the resistance of
regularization of hacer-derived verbs and the
consequent absence of analogical pressure.
Real and apparent (time) changes in Yucatan Spanish
Authors: Michnowicz Jim 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Yucatan Spanish (YS) is a regional dialect that
shows a variety of language contact features due to sustained close contact with an indigenous language, Yucatec Maya. Previous
research has indicated that YS is undergoing rapid standardization
toward Central Mexican norms for a variety of potential contact
features (Michnowicz,
2015). Among these features is the realization of
intervocalic /bdg/ as stops rather than approximants, with younger
speakers producing more normative approximant realizations (Michnowicz, 2009, 2011). The present study
builds on previous research by analyzing newly-collected data,
giving a real-time dimension to the study of YS /bdg/. Results
confirm the findings of previous studies in apparent-time, and
provide additional detail on how young speakers are moving away from
traditional YS forms.
Individual differences do not affect trill variation by advanced
learners of Spanish
Authors: Zahler Sara L. , Daidone Danielle 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The current study analyzed whether variation in
trill pronunciation by advanced learners of Spanish is conditioned
by individual differences in phonological short-term memory,
executive working memory, second language vocabulary
score, and years of study, as well as five linguistic variables. We
found that none of the individual difference variables significantly
affected variation, while surrounding phonetic context and lexical
stress were important predictors of this variation. The findings
suggest that these individual differences do not impact trill
variation by advanced learners, possibly because these factors are
more important at lower levels of proficiency, or because trill
variability is largely impacted by phonetic factors due to the
well-known articulatory difficulty of this sound.
Myoelectric activity and improvements in strength and hypertrophy are unaffected by the ankle position during prone leg curl exercise – a within person randomized trial
Authors: Cadeo Gabriela M. , Fujita Rafael A. , Villalba Marina M. , Silva Nilson R. S. , Júnior Claudinei Iossi , Pearcey Gregory E. P. , Gomes Matheus M. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTTo examine the effect of ankle position (i.e. gastrocnemius muscle length) on training outcomes during leg curl exercise, we recruited untrained and trained healthy adults to participate in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, we studied the acute influence of ankle position on knee flexor myoelectric (EMG) activity during leg curl exercise in a group of trained and a separate group of untrained adults. In Experiment 2, we studied the effects of ankle position on knee flexors muscle thickness and torque across a 10‐week training protocol in trained adults. We hypothesized that leg curl exercise with the ankle in a plantarflexed position would enhance EMG activity, muscular strength, and hamstrings muscle thickness. We randomized the legs within a person to perform leg curl exercise with one in a plantarflexed position and the other in a dorsiflexed position. Experiment 1 revealed no significant differences between ankle positions in the EMG activity of hamstring muscle in either group (all p > 0.05). Experiment 2 revealed a significant pre‐ to post‐intervention increase in biceps femoris long head (BFLH) muscle thickness (p = 0.026) and isometric torque (p = 0.03), but there were no significant effects of the ankle position (p = 0.596) or interaction between ankle position and timepoint for these variables (p = 0.420). In sum, the ankle position did not have acute effects on hamstrings EMG activity, nor did it affect strength and hypertrophy adaptations after 10‐weeks of leg curl exercise training. Interestingly, however, the limb which performed leg curl exercise in a dorsiflexed position performed a higher total training volume.Highlights

Different ankle positions (i.e. dorsiflexion or plantarflexion) do not affect hamstrings EMG activity during prone leg curl exercise.
Different ankle positions show similar adaptation in strength and hypertrophy of biceps femoris long head after 10 weeks of training.
Training in the plantarflexed position may be useful for time‐constrained individuals, allowing similar training adaptations with smaller training volume.
Effective plasmonic spectroscopic amplifiers for hyper-Raman scattering process
Authors: Alsawafta Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In an asymmetric Au cubic trimer, influence of the rotation angle (θ) and side length (w) on both plasmonic coupling features and corresponding enhancement factor of hyper-Raman scattering (HRS) process have been investigated comprehensively under the illumination of a longitudinally polarized light. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electrodynamic simulation tool has been employed to calculate the optical cross-section and associated nearfield intensity of the irradiated coupled resonators. As θ increases, the polarization state that dominates the coupling phenomenon is gradually switched from facing sides into facing edges which results in (1) a dramatic change in the spectral response of the trimer and (2) a significant improvement in the nearfield intensity that is directly related to the improvement of HRS signal. Breaking size symmetry of the cubic trimer provides a novel approach to reach the desired spectral response that permits such trimer to be used as an active substrate for HRS procedures. After optimizing both the orientation angle and size of the interacting plasmonic characters forming of the trimer, the enhancement factor of HRS process can reach a value never reported before as high as 1 × 1021.
Interaction mediated electron transport within the many-body tunnelling Hamiltonian
Authors: Patton Kelly R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
For a non-superconducting system and in the spirit of the transfer or tunnelling Hamiltonian formalism, an expression for the electronic tunnelling current through an insulating barrier is calculated, explicitly taking into account the effects of electron-electron interactions that can persist across the barrier. In the presence of a single tunnelling barrier, the exact Hamiltonian is projected onto the subspaces of the ‘left’ and ‘right’ conducting leads. In the weak-tunnelling limit, the well-known tunnelling Hamiltonian is recovered, along with an additional term. This additional term originates from the projection of the electron-electron interaction onto each subspace and corresponds to a correlated or interaction-mediated tunnelling. It is shown that the tunnelling current in this approximation is related to—in addition to the single-particle density of states—the two-particle spin-spin and density-density susceptibilities. The signatures of these terms have been observed in scanning tunnelling microscope experiments on atomic spin chains.
Ultra-high sensitivity optical fiber Vernier photothermal sensor based on WTe2
Authors: Ma Yukuan , Gu Qiongqiong , Zhou Hao , Huang Yulei , Yan Congliao , Wang Shutong , Wang Shaoqian , Deng Guoliang , Zhou Shouhuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a novel Vernier photo-thermal optical fiber sensor based on WTe2 is proposed. The sensor is composed of a single-sided gold-plated silicon wafer and a single-mode optical fiber, and is encapsulated with a capillary tube. The air cavity and the silicon wafer cavity are cascaded to have an optical Vernier effect, and the sensitivity can be selected by adjusting the length of the air cavity. The ultra-high sensitivity of 2.53 nm mW−1 has been obtained through experiments, which has certain potential in the fields of optical imaging, detection, and sensing.
Gain-switched 2.8 μm fluoride fiber laser pumped at 1550 nm
Authors: Xiao Yang , Xiao Xusheng , Guo Haitao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We demonstrated a gain-switched heavily erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser pumped at 1550 nm. A 2.8 μm short-pulsed laser with a maximum average output power of 350 mW and a practical optical-optical efficiency of ∼11.3% was obtained at a repetition rate of 50 kHz with a single pulse energy of 7 μJ, a pulse width of 938 ns, and a peak power of 7.5 W. Gain-switched temporal states with 1/n (n = 4,3,2) (ratio of signal pulses per pump pulses) pump repetition rates were first observed in the 2.8 μm erbium-doped fluoride fiber laser. These results indicate that the 1550 nm pulsed pumping scheme is an efficient and potential way for power scaling of 2.8 μm short-pulsed erbium-doped fluoride fiber lasers.
Common Features of Free Particle Wave Functions in Curved Space-times
Authors: Moalem A , Gersten A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Quantum equations for massless particles of any spin and for massive spin one-half particles are considered in curved space-times. It is demonstrated that in stationary axially symmetric space-times the angular wave functions up to a normalization function are the same as in a Minkowski space-time. The radial wave functions satisfy second order nonhomogeneous differential equations with three nonhomogeneous terms which depend in a unique form on the ratio of time to space curvatures. For a Dirac spin one-half particle, in addition to these three terms a fourth term which depends on the particle rest mass is added.
Foundations for QED, Feynman operator calculus, Dyson conjectures, and Einstein’s dual theory
Authors: Gill Tepper L. , Parga Gonzalo Ares de 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper reviews research on the foundations of quantum electrodynamics (QED). We show that there are three definitions of the proper time that follow from Einstein’s theory. The first definition is used to prove that the universe has a unique clock (Newton-Horwitz-Fanchi time) available to all observers. This clock is used to briefly discuss the mathematical foundations for Feynman’s time ordered operator calculus. We use this calculus to solve the first and second conjectures of Dyson for QED: that the renormalized perturbation series is asymptotic and, that the ultra-violet divergence is caused by a violation of the time-energy uncertainly relationship. The second definition gives Minkowski’s version of Einstein’s theory and its problems are briefly reviewed. The third definition gives the dual Newton, dual Maxwell and dual quantum theories. The theory is dual in that, for a set of n particles, every observer has two unique sets of global variables (X, t) and (X, τ) to study the system, where X is the canonical center of mass. Using (X, t) time is relative with speed c, while in (X, τ), time is unique with relative speed b. The dual Maxwell theory contains a longitudinal (dissipative) term in the E field wave equation, which appears instantaneously with acceleration and we predict that radiation from a cyclotron will not produce photoelectrons. It is shown that this term gives an effective mass for the photon. A major outcome is the dual unification of Newtonian mechanics and classical electrodynamics with Einstein’s theory and without the need for point particles or a self-energy divergency. This means that a second quantized version will not produce a self-energy or infrared divergency. These results along with the proof of Dyson’s second conjecture resolves all the problems with QED. The dual Dirac theory provides a new formula for the anomalous magnetic moment of a charged particle, which can give exact values for the electron, muon and proton g-factors.
On the electron spin and spectrum energy problems within the Fock many temporal and Feynman proper time paradigms
Authors: Prykarpatski Anatolij K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The quantum electron spin structure and the photon dressed electron energy spectrum problem are reanalyzed in the framework of the Fock many-temporal parameter approach. There is analyzed the spin structure and its dependence on the symmetry properties of the related representations of the basic Clifford algebra, generated by creation-annihilation operators. The self-interaction phenomenon is discussed within the quantum renormalized Lorenz constraint on a suitably reduced Fock space. The electron energy spectrum is analyzed within the many-temporal Fock and Feynman proper time paradigms.