bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among school-going adolescents in the age group of 13–19 years
Authors: Shafi Majid , Younis Neelofar , Rasool Ubaid , Younis Sabah , Rather Yasir Hassan , Lone Burhan Bashir , Bhat Fazle Roub , Khan Athiya Fahiem 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Adolescent mental health problems are vast and varied and early identification and intervention can be of utmost help. There is sparse data on mental health issues in the adolescent population from India in general and J&K in particular; thus, it was decided to embark on this study.

Results
The prevalence of various psychiatric disorders among school-going adolescents was as major depressive disorder 13.7%, obsessive compulsive disorder 4.0%, panic disorder 1.4%, self-harming behavior 2.5%, generalized anxiety disorder 2.5%, social anxiety disorder 2.2%, dysthymia 1.7%, and adjustment disorder 0.8%. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall psychiatric morbidity group among males and females (P = 0.90). However, panic disorder and borderline personality disorder as a group were more commonly found among females compared to males (P = 0.016 and 0.001 respectively). Also, 34% from urban and 28% from rural areas met the criteria for any psychiatric disorder (P = 1.38).

Conclusion
Children and adolescents represent a tender part of the human life cycle and they may be at a higher risk of psychiatric disorders. There is a very high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity of any kind among adolescents in Kashmir, many of which are unidentified and thus untreated. Depression is the most common psychiatric illness among adolescents with a higher prevalence in males while anxiety disorders are more common among females. There is a need for further research in this age group and teachers and parents need psycho-education for the identification of such children.
Burn trauma in infants
Authors: Demir Yiğit Yasemin , Yiğit Ebral , Taş Ilhan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
A wealth of data exists concerning pediatric burn epidemiology in general, but more is explicitly needed in infants under 1 year of age, a particular group in which mobility begins to develop.

Methods
In this study,206 patients followed up for burns in Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital Burn Center between January 2016 and September 2021 were included in the study.

Results
Of the patients, 120 (58.3%) were male, and 86 (41.7%) were female. The mean age was 10.0 ± 2.0 months. The total number of cases ranged from 3 to 12 months, with the incidence of burns peaking at 12 months.
When we look at the etiology of burns, scalding burns were the most common, with 184 (89.3%) cases. Most of the burns occurred in the kitchen because their mothers and children spent a lot of time there.
It was positive in 23.8% of the wound culture results obtained with a punch biopsy. Staphylococcus aureus was the most abundant microorganism in wound culture results, with 5.8%. The mean hospital stay of the patients was 4.99 ± 3.67 days. Our mortality rate was 1.94% (n:4).

Conclusion
In conclusion, As preventive measures, it is necessary to increase protective measures at home and to raise awareness of families about burn etiologies.
A case report of extensive condyloma acuminata in a pediatric patient clearing with compounded 3% cidofovir gel
Authors: Wroblewski Ben , Lopes Fabiana Castro Porto Silva , Boothe William David , Diaz Lucia Z. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Management and treatment of condyloma acuminata in children are often challenging. The mode of transmission is not always traceable and a sexual abuse investigation should be considered. Treatment ranges from no intervention to reconstructive surgery depending on the extent and symptoms.

Case presentation
We are reporting a case of an 18-month-old female with extensive symptomatic condyloma acuminata who was able to avoid surgical treatment after treatment with topical cidofovir 3% gel.

Conclusion
This patient is being presented to highlight a medical treatment that can be considered in extensive or large condyloma acuminata cases.
Arbitrarily structured quantum emission with a multifunctional metalens
Authors: Li Chi , Jang Jaehyuck , Badloe Trevon , Yang Tieshan , Kim Joohoon , Kim Jaekyung , Nguyen Minh , Maier Stefan A. , Rho Junsuk , Ren Haoran , Aharonovich Igor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStructuring light emission from single-photon emitters (SPEs) in multiple degrees of freedom is of great importance for quantum information processing towards higher dimensions. However, traditional control of emission from quantum light sources relies on the use of multiple bulky optical elements or nanostructured resonators with limited functionalities, constraining the potential of multi-dimensional tailoring. Here we introduce the use of an ultrathin polarisation-beam-splitting metalens for the arbitrary structuring of quantum emission at room temperature. Owing to the complete and independent polarisation and phase control at the single meta-atom level, the designed metalens enables simultaneous mapping of quantum emission from ultra-bright defects in hexagonal boron nitride and imprinting of an arbitrary wavefront onto orthogonal polarisation states of the sources. The hybrid quantum metalens enables simultaneous manipulation of multiple degrees of freedom of a quantum light source, including directionality, polarisation, and orbital angular momentum. This could unleash the full potential of solid-state SPEs for their use as high-dimensional quantum sources for advanced quantum photonic applications.
Anomalous bronchus and pulmonary artery in a patient who underwent subsegmentectomy of right S6a + b
Authors: Tsukamoto Yo , Yabe Mitsuo , Ishikawa Ai , Kato Daiki , Shibazaki Takamasa , Nakada Takeo , Ohtsuka Takashi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis report describes the case of a woman with small-sized peripheral lung cancer who underwent thoracoscopic right superior subsegmentectomy of S6a + b. Preoperative multiplanar reconstruction computed tomography revealed an anomalous posterior basal bronchus (B10c) and pulmonary artery (A10c), branching from the right lower superior segment bronchus (B6) and artery (A6), respectively. A three-dimensional (3D) model of the bronchi and pulmonary vessels and virtual bronchoscopy images were created to confirm the anomalous bronchus and pulmonary artery. Right superior subsegmentectomy of the right S6a + b was performed with the preservation of the anomalous posterior basal bronchus and pulmonary artery, as planned preoperatively, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The preoperative 3D reconstruction image was useful for understanding the patient’s anatomy. Furthermore, an understanding of anatomy is necessary when performing segmentectomy in patients with anomalous bifurcations of the pulmonary artery and bronchus.
A framework for multi-faceted content analysis of social media chatter regarding non-medical use of prescription medications
Authors: Raza Shaina , Schwartz Brian , Lakamana Sahithi , Ge Yao , Sarker Abeed 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Substance use, including the non-medical use of prescription medications, is a global health problem resulting in hundreds of thousands of overdose deaths and other health problems. Social media has emerged as a potent source of information for studying substance use-related behaviours and their consequences. Mining large-scale social media data on the topic requires the development of natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning frameworks customized for this problem. Our objective in this research is to develop a framework for conducting a content analysis of Twitter chatter about the non-medical use of a set of prescription medications.

Methods
We collected Twitter data for four medications—fentanyl and morphine (opioids), alprazolam (benzodiazepine), and Adderall® (stimulant), and identified posts that indicated non-medical use using an automatic machine learning classifier. In our NLP framework, we applied supervised named entity recognition (NER) to identify other substances mentioned, symptoms, and adverse events. We applied unsupervised topic modelling to identify latent topics associated with the chatter for each medication.

Results
The quantitative analysis demonstrated the performance of the proposed NER approach in identifying substance-related entities from data with a high degree of accuracy compared to the baseline methods. The performance evaluation of the topic modelling was also notable. The qualitative analysis revealed knowledge about the use, non-medical use, and side effects of these medications in individuals and communities.

Conclusions
NLP-based analyses of Twitter chatter associated with prescription medications belonging to different categories provide multi-faceted insights about their use and consequences. Our developed framework can be applied to chatter about other substances. Further research can validate the predictive value of this information on the prevention, assessment, and management of these disorders.
Safety Analysis of a New Portable Electrical Drill With a Smart Autostop Mechanism for Bedside Cranial Procedures
Authors: Assumpcao de Monaco Bernardo , Benjamin Carolina Gesteira , Doomi Ahmed , Taylor Ruby , Stringfellow Cheyenne Elaina , Benveniste Ronald J. , Jagid Jonathan R. , Graciolli Cordeiro Joacir 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Bedside procedures are often helpful for neurosurgical patients, especially in neurocritical care. Portable drills with technological advancements may bring more safety and efficiency to the bedside. In this study, we compared the safety and efficiency of a new cordless electric drill with smart autostop (“HD”—Hubly Cranial Drill, Hubly Surgical) with those of a well-established standard traditional electrical neurosurgical perforator (“ST”).

METHODS:
A cadaveric study was conducted using both drills to perform several burr holes in the fronto-temporo-parietal region of the skull. An evaluation was performed on the number of dura plunges, and complete burr hole success rates were compared.

RESULTS:
A total of 174 craniotomies using the HD and 36 burr holes using the ST perforator were performed. Despite significantly exceeding intended drill bit tolerance by multiple uses of a single-use disposable HD, autostop engaged in 100% of the 174 craniotomies and before violating dura in 99.4% of the 174 craniotomies, with the single dura penetration occurring on craniotomy no. 128 after the single-use drill bit had significantly dulled beyond its single-use tolerance. Autostop engaged before dura penetration for 100% of the 36 burr holes drilled with the ST perforator (P = .610). All the perforations were complete using the HD after resuming drilling. An autostop mechanism in a cranial drill is not commonly available for portable bedside perforators. In the operating room, most use a mechanical method to stop the rotation after losing bone resistance. This new drill uses an electrical mechanism (smart autostop) to stop drilling, making it a single-use cranial drill with advanced features for safety and efficiency at the bedside.

CONCLUSION:
There was no difference in the safety and efficacy of the new cordless electric drill with smart autostop when performing craniotomies compared with a traditional well-established electric cranial perforator with mechanical autostop on a cadaveric model.
Incorporation of Brain Connectomics for Stereotactic Radiosurgery Treatment Planning
Authors: Dayawansa Sam , Schlesinger David , Mantziaris Georgios , Dumot Chloe , Donahue Joseph H. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Neurosurgeons have integrated neuroanatomy-based tractography to avoid critical structures during dose planning. However, they have yet to integrate more comprehensive connectome networks for radiosurgical planning.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A young man presented with a Spetzler-Martin Grade 3 right temporal arteriovenous malformation.

DISCUSSION:
As proof of concept, we incorporated connectomic networks including default mode network, optic radiation and central executive network into the Gamma Knife radiosurgical treatment planning workflow. Connectome networks were created from T1 anatomic and diffusion-weighted images magnetic resonance images using Quicktome software. The resulting networks were voxel-encoded in the magnetic resonance images, imported into GammaPlan, and segmented by image thresholding. The GammaPlan Lightning optimizer was used to create radiosurgical plans with a dose of 20 Gy to the 50% isodose line delivered to the arteriovenous malformation nidus both with and without treating these networks as risk structures. When taking into account the connectome networks, a maximum dose restriction of 14 Gy was placed on each network during lightning dose planning. With default mode network, optic radiation, and central executive network as risk structures, the maximum dose and V12Gy were reduced by 23.4% and 88.3%, 20% and 34.3%, and 29.8% and 63.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
We were able to incorporate connectomes into radiosurgical dose planning approaches. This allowed for dose reductions to the networks while still achieving delivery of a therapeutic dose to the target volume.
A Practical and Convenient Synthesis of the Essential Antibiotic Drug Cefazolin under Sequential One-Flow Conditions
Authors: Sugita Shoichi , Ishitani Haruro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A sequential continuous-flow synthesis of cefazolin, which is a vital first-choice drug used for the prevention of primary infection in most surgeries, was investigated. Rapid flow and efficient mixing of substrates in suitable flow reactors enabled the target compound to be obtained in a short period without any intermediate isolation. A flexible system design that can be applied from a small-scale to medium-scale synthesis was demonstrated, and optimal parameters were established to realize the synthesis. A 0.3 mol/h scale synthesis was achieved in 54% isolated yield with 13.75 g/h dL space–time–yield of cefazolin. The obtained material had an acceptable impurity profile and could be purified by simple acid–base extraction and precipitation.
A Comparative Study of Healthy Dietary Patterns for Incident and Fatal Digestive System Cancer
Authors: Kim Jihye , Zhang Yin , Kim Hanseul , Zhang Yiwen , Zhang Xuehong , Giovannucci Edward 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
We examined multiple dietary patterns in relation to total digestive system cancer (DSC) incidence and death.

METHODS:
A total of 213,038 health professionals from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986–2016), the Nurses' Health Study (1986–2018), and the Nurses' Health Study II (1991–2017) with no cancer diagnosis at baseline were analyzed. DSC incidence and death were estimated using time-varying Cox proportional hazards regression models.

RESULTS:
During up to 32 years of follow-up, 5,724 DSC cases accrued. Adherence to 8 healthy diet patterns was associated with a 7%–13% lower risk of DSC, particularly for digestive tract cancers. An inverse association with gastrointestinal tract cancer was also shown for all pattern scores except Alternate Mediterranean Diet and the healthful Plant-based Diet Index, with hazard ratios between 0.84 and 0.89. Inverse associations were shown for the reversed empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (hazard ratio for 90th vs 10th percentile 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–0.87) and the empirical dietary index associated with lower inflammation (rEDIP) (0.53, 95% CI 0.39–0.72) for stomach cancer, and for the rEDIP (0.58, 95% CI 0.37–0.92) for small intestine cancer. Among accessory cancers, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, alternate Mediterranean diet, and diabetes risk reduction diet were associated with a 43%–51% lower risk of liver cancer. The reversed empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia, rEDIP, and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 were inversely associated with the risk of fatal DSC.

DISCUSSION:
Adherence to healthy diets was associated with a lower risk of incident and fatal DSC, although the magnitude of the association varied slightly among the patterns.
Thirty-Day Readmissions Are Largely Not Preventable in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Orman Eric S. , Desai Archita P. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Nephew Lauren D. , Patidar Kavish R. , Holden John , Samala Niharika R. , Gawrieh Samer , Vuppalanchi Raj , Sozio Margaret , Lacerda Marco , Vilar-Gomez Eduardo , Lammert Craig , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Crabb David , Masuoka Howard , Dakhoul Lara , Pan Minmin , Gao Sujuan , Chalasani Naga 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Hospital readmissions are common in patients with cirrhosis, but there are few studies describing readmission preventability. We aimed to describe the incidence, causes, and risk factors for preventable readmission in this population.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis hospitalized at a single center between June 2014 and March 2020 and followed up for 30 days postdischarge. Demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic data, functional status, and quality of life were collected. Readmission preventability was independently and systematically adjudicated by 3 reviewers. Multinomial logistic regression was used to compare those with (i) preventable readmission, (ii) nonpreventable readmission/death, and (iii) no readmission.

RESULTS:
Of 654 patients, 246 (38%) were readmitted, and 29 (12%) were preventable readmissions. Reviewers agreed on preventability for 70% of readmissions. Twenty-two (including 2 with preventable readmission) died. The most common reasons for readmission were hepatic encephalopathy (22%), gastrointestinal bleeding (13%), acute kidney injury (13%), and ascites (6%), and these reasons were similar between preventable and nonpreventable readmissions. Preventable readmission was often related to paracentesis timeliness, diuretic adjustment monitoring, and hepatic encephalopathy treatment. Compared with nonreadmitted patients, preventable readmission was independently associated with racial and ethnic minoritized individuals (odds ratio [OR] 5.80; 95% CI, 1.96–17.13), nonmarried marital status (OR 2.88; 95% CI, 1.18–7.05), and admission in the prior 30 days (OR 3.45; 95% CI, 1.48–8.04).

DISCUSSION:
For patients with cirrhosis, readmission is common, but most are not preventable. Preventable readmissions are often related to ascites and hepatic encephalopathy and are associated with racial and ethnic minorities, nonmarried status, and prior admissions.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Propranolol Use During Ligation Program for Secondary Prophylaxis of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Chen Wen-Chi , Yang Tsung-Chieh , Lee Pei-Chang , Wang Yen-Po , Hou Ming-Chih , Lee Fa-Yauh 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) plus nonselective β-blockers (NSBB) is the standard of care for secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding (EVB). This trial aimed to compare the rebleeding rates between EVL plus NSBB till eradication of esophageal varices (EEV) and EVL plus long-term NSBB.

METHODS:
After control of acute EVB, patients with cirrhosis were randomized into 2 groups, with group A patients receiving EVL plus propranolol till EEV, while group B patients received standard of care with continuation of propranolol. Recurrent varices were ligated at follow-up endoscopy in both groups.

RESULTS:
The median follow-up period was 23.0 months in group A (n = 106) and 23.6 months in group B (n = 106). Twelve patients (11.3%) in group A and 11 (10.4%) in group B had recurrent EVB. The difference in rebleeding rates and the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.9% (−7.5% to 9.3%). The upper 95% CI bound of the difference was within the margin of 13.2%, and the noninferiority of group A to group B was established. Thirty-eight patients (35.8%) in group A and 40 (37.7%) in group B had further decompensation, with the difference (95% CI) of −1.9% (−14.9% to 11.1%). Twenty-four patients (22.6%) in group A and 26 (24.5%) in group B expired, with the difference (95% CI) in mortality rates of −1.9% (−13.3% to 9.5%).

DISCUSSION:
EVL plus propranolol till EEV was noninferior to EVL plus continuing propranolol in secondary prophylaxis of EVB, but the impact on further decompensation and transplantation-free survival deserved further investigation.
Pure Cut or Endocut for Biliary Sphincterotomy? A Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pereira Funari Mateus , Ottoboni Brunaldi Vitor , Mendonça Proença Igor , Aniz Gomes Pedro Victor , Almeida Queiroz Lucas Tobias , Zamban Vieira Yuri , Eiji Matuguma Sergio , Ide Edson , Prince Franzini Tomazo Antônio , Lera dos Santos Marcos Eduardo , Cheng Spencer , Kazuyoshi Minata Maurício , dos Santos José Sebastião , Turiani Hourneaux de Moura Diogo , Kemp Rafael , Guimarães Hourneaux de Moura Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Adverse events (AE) after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are not uncommon and post-ERCP acute pancreatitis (PEP) is the most important one. Thermal injury from biliary sphincterotomy may play an important role and trigger PEP or bleeding. Therefore, this study evaluated the outcomes of 2 electric current modes used during biliary sphincterotomy.

METHODS:
From October 2019 to August 2021, consecutive patients with native papilla undergoing ERCP with biliary sphincterotomy were randomized to either the pure cut or endocut after cannulation. The primary outcome was PEP incidence. Secondary outcomes included intraprocedural and delayed bleeding, infection, and perforation.

RESULTS:
A total of 550 patients were randomized (272 pure cut and 278 endocut). The overall PEP rate was 4.0% and significantly higher in the endocut group (5.8% vs 2.2%, P = 0.034). Univariate analysis revealed >5 attempts (P = 0.004) and endocut mode (P = 0.034) as risk factors for PEP. Multivariate analysis revealed >5 attempts (P = 0.005) and a trend for endocut mode as risk factors for PEP (P = 0.052). Intraprocedural bleeding occurred more often with pure cut (P = 0.018), but all cases were controlled endoscopically during the ERCP. Delayed bleeding was more frequent with endocut (P = 0.047). There was no difference in perforation (P = 1.0) or infection (P = 0.4999) between the groups.

DISCUSSION:
Endocut mode may increase thermal injury leading to higher rates of PEP and delayed bleeding, whereas pure cut is associated with increased intraprocedural bleeding without clinical repercussion. The electric current mode is not related to perforation or infection. Further RCT assessing the impact of electric current on AE with overlapping preventive measures such as rectal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hyperhydration are needed. The study was submitted to the Brazilian Clinical Trials Platform (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br) under the registry number RBR-5d27tn.