bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simplified Method for Value of Information Using Constructed Scales
Authors: Runge Michael C. , Rushing Clark S. , Lyons James E. , Rubenstein Madeleine A. 
Published: April 2023

The value of information is a central concept in decision analysis, used to quantify how much the expected outcome of a decision would be improved if epistemic uncertainty could be resolved prior to committing to a course of action. One of the challenges, however, in quantitative analysis of the value of information is that the calculations are demanding, especially in requiring predictions of outcomes as a function of alternative actions and sources of uncertainty. However, the concept of value of information is important in early framing of some decisions, before such predictions are available. We propose a novel measure of the value of information based on constructed scales (CVOI), grounded in the algebra of the expected value of perfect information (EVPI), but requiring less of experts and analysts. The CVOI calculation decomposes EVPI into a contribution representing the relevance of the uncertainty to the decision and a contribution representing the magnitude of uncertainty; constructed ratio scales are then proposed for each contribution. We demonstrate the use of CVOI to identify research priorities related to migratory bird management in the face of climate change. Funding: This work was funded in part by the U.S. Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center.
The Power to Reward vs. the Power to Punish: The Influence of Power Framing on Individual-Level Exploration
Authors: Evans Jonathan B. , Schilke Oliver 
Published: April 2023

This article adopts a relational perspective to demonstrate that characteristics of the dyadic relationship between supervisors and their employees are critical to understanding individual-level exploration—understood as the extent to which organizational members pursue new opportunities and experiment with changes to current practices. To this end, we introduce the concept of power framing—that is, whether the control over valued resources is emphasized as the ability to reward or to punish—and propose that supervisor power framing shapes employee exploration. In an experimental study, we demonstrate that reward (versus punishment) power framing increases employee exploration behavior and that this effect is mediated by perceived trustworthiness of the supervisor. In a second survey study, we replicate these findings in a field sample and show that the relationship between reward power framing and exploration depends on the degree to which the focal employee is sensitive to power characteristics (i.e., power distance orientation). This investigation advances scholarship on the microfoundations of exploration while also highlighting the ability of leaders to alter trustworthiness perceptions and induce employee exploration through power framing. Funding: This work was supported by a National Science Foundation CAREER Award from the Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences [Grant 1943688] granted to O. Schilke. Additional funding was provided by the Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1672 .
Exploring health care professionals' experiences of supporting LGBTQ+ patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Pearce Chelsea , Lorito Claudio Di 
Published: April 2023

Background/Aims Patients from the LGBTQ+ community report negative healthcare experiences, such as healthcare professionals (HCPs) making assumptions about their identities. Research shows that HCPs report not having enough knowledge to facilitate an open conversation with patients from the LGBTQ+ community, leading to patients feeling ignored. This study aimed to explore HCPs' experiences of supporting patients from the LGBTQ+ community. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCPs recruited from the research teams' professional network. Data were analysed using deductive thematic analysis. Results HCPs reported positive and negative experiences, as well as a variety of barriers and facilitators to effective communication, with patients from the LGBTQ+ community. HCPs discussed how clinical practice could improve, for example, by developing more inclusive training that is specific to the HCPs' clinical group. Conclusions HCP training needs to be more inclusive of LGBTQ+ identities. It should be tailored to the HCPs' patient group as this better reflects the varied needs of different clinical groups.
Integrated metamaterial with the functionalities of an absorption and polarization converter
Authors: Jiang Xu-Xian , Xiao Zhong-Yin , Wang Xin-Wen , Cheng Pei 
Published: April 2023

A switchable and tunable dual-function absorber/polarization converter is presented in this work. The constitution of the structure, which incorporates patterned graphene and photosensitive silicon (Si), can minimize undesired optical losses. Simulated results show that when the Si is metallic, the structure behaves as a broadband absorption of more than 90% in the range of 1.45–3.36 THz. Its peak absorption can be tuned from 22% to 99.8% by changing the Fermi energy of graphene. Furthermore, the interference theory analyzes the physical mechanism for broadband absorption. When the Si is in the dielectric state, the structure has a transmission polarization conversion function, which realizes the conversion from linear to cross-polarized waves. The polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is greater than 90% in the 3.82–4.43 THz range. Meanwhile, the cross-polarization transmission can be dynamically tuned from 28% to 97%, and the PCR can also be tuned from 17% to 99.9% by adjusting the conductivity of the Si. The reason for realizing polarization conversion is explained by the polarization decomposition method. This study provides a design opinion of high-performance multifunctional tunable terahertz devices.
Performance of the mid-infrared Q-switched LD side-pumped Er:YSGG MOPA laser
Authors: Ye Xianlin , Zhang Song , Liu Zhengyi , Ren Huaijin , Wei Xingbin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Bin , Fan Guobin 
Published: April 2023

We report on a laser-diode (LD)-pumped master-oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) mid-infrared laser system based on an LD side-pumped Er:YSGG seed laser that can operate in both free-running and Q-switched regimes. In the free-running mode of the seed laser, the maximum amplified single-pulse energy was 83.4 mJ. In Q-switched mode of the seed laser, a maximum single-pulse energy of 7.8 mJ was achieved at 100 Hz repetition rate with the pulse width of 90 ns, corresponding to the peak power of 86.7 kW and the single-pass amplification factor of 1.66. The results indicate that the LD side-pumped MOPA structure is an effective way to realize a nanosecond ∼3µm mid-infrared laser with high repetition rate and high pulse energy.
Overestimation of school-based deworming coverage resulting from school-based reporting
Authors: Sheahan William , Anderson Roy , Aruldas Kumudha , Avokpaho Euripide , Galagan Sean , Goodman Jeanne , Houngbegnon Parfait , Israel Gideon John , Janagaraj Venkateshprabhu , Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam , Means Arianna Rubin , Morozoff Chloe , Pearman Emily , Ramesh Rohan Michael , Roll Amy , Schaefer Alexandra , Simwanza James , Witek-McManus Stefan , Ajjampur Sitara S. R. , Bailey Robin , Ibikounlé Moudachirou , Kalua Khumbo , Luty Adrian J. F. , Pullan Rachel , Walson Judd L. , Ásbjörnsdóttir Kristjana Hrönn 
Published: April 2023

Background
Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) infect over 1.5 billion people globally and are associated with anemia and stunting, resulting in an annual toll of 1.9 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). School-based deworming (SBD), via mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns with albendazole or mebendazole, has been recommended by the World Health Organization to reduce levels of morbidity due to STH in endemic areas. DeWorm3 is a cluster-randomized trial, conducted in three study sites in Benin, India, and Malawi, designed to assess the feasibility of interrupting STH transmission with community-wide MDA as a potential strategy to replace SBD. This analysis examines data from the DeWorm3 trial to quantify discrepancies between school-level reporting of SBD and gold standard individual-level survey reporting of SBD.

Methodology/Principal findings
Population-weighted averages of school-level SBD calculated at the cluster level were compared to aggregated individual-level SBD estimates to produce a Mean Squared Error (MSE) estimate for each study site. In order to estimate individual-level SBD coverage, these MSE values were applied to SBD estimates from the control arm of the DeWorm3 trial, where only school-level reporting of SBD coverage had been collected.
In each study site, SBD coverage in the school-level datasets was substantially higher than that obtained from individual-level datasets, indicating possible overestimation of school-level SBD coverage. When applying observed MSE to project expected coverages in the control arm, SBD coverage dropped from 89.1% to 70.5% (p-value < 0.001) in Benin, from 97.7% to 84.5% (p-value < 0.001) in India, and from 41.5% to 37.5% (p-value < 0.001) in Malawi.

Conclusions/Significance
These estimates indicate that school-level SBD reporting is likely to significantly overestimate program coverage. These findings suggest that current SBD coverage estimates derived from school-based program data may substantially overestimate true pediatric deworming coverage within targeted communities.

Trial registration
NCT03014167.
The role of safety in modal choice and shift: A transport expert perspective in the state of Victoria (Australia)
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad Nabil , Logan David B. , Koppel Sjaan , Fildes Brian 
Published: April 2023

Background
Previous research showed differences in the exposure to risk from using different modes of transport and that modal choice can significantly impact road safety outcomes. Though, a modal shift to a safer mode is not commonly discussed as part of road safety strategies.

Aim
This study aimed to explore the perspectives of transport policymakers about the role of safety in modal choice and if it can be one of the main factors for modal choice and shift.

Method
Seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with transport experts from government (n = 5) and private (n = 2) organisations in the state of Victoria. Interview transcripts were analysed using a thematic approach to identify the key perspectives of the experts.

Results
Overall, the analyses indicated uncertainty of the ability to use safety in modal choice as a road safety strategy and identified two main issues; 1) the perceived limited role that safety plays in people’s modal choice, and 2) that safety is perceived to be a barrier to modal choice and modal shift towards public and active travel. Experts suggested that when considering transport modes other factors such as convenience, availability, speed, cost, trip purpose and income are more influential than safety in modal choice. They also suggested that safety might play a role within the chosen mode, but not in choosing between modes, such as considering safety features when purchasing a car after deciding to drive a car. It was also stated that safety could act as a barrier preventing people from choosing sustainable transport modes of public transport and active travel.

Conclusions
Theoretically, it is argued that safety and mobility cannot be traded against each other, and that mobility becomes a function of safety, not vice-versa. However, our findings indicated that the transport experts did not believe that safety is the main factor in the modal choice process. Transport experts believed users choose their mode of transport mainly to achieve mobility benefits without necessarily considering how safe is their choice as a differentiator factor. While the shift to a safer mode of transport would help improve road safety outcomes, further investigations are needed to inform how can we influence the consideration of safety as the main factor in modal choice and removing barriers to using the relatively safest available mode of transport.
Emirates Heart Health Project (EHHP): A protocol for a stepped-wedge family-cluster randomized-controlled trial of a health-coach guided diet and exercise intervention to reduce weight and cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese UAE nationals
Authors: King Jeffrey K. , Sheek-Hussein Mohamud , Nagelkerke Nico J. D. , Kieu Alexander , Al-Shamsi Saif , Nauman Javaid , Hoque Nicholas , Govender Romona D. , ElBarazi Iffat , Crawford Kristoffer 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death both globally and in the United Arab Emirates. Despite public health measures and health education, the rates of death from CVD remain stable. Barriers previously identified to lifestyle changes include cultural reasons, boredom, and lack of family support. The Emirates Heart Health Project (EHHP) seeks to support healthy lifestyle changes through a family-based intervention using a health coach and fitness tracker.

Methods and analysis
The EHHP is a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial with each cluster comprised of members of an extended family. Eligible participants will be ≥ 18 years of age, with BMI ≥ 25, have Emirati citizenship and be able to give informed consent for study participation. The cluster will have 16 weekly teaching sessions in the participants’ family home by a health coach who will review individual weight, diet and exercise (monitored by a wearable fitness tracker). The clusters will have pre-intervention assessments of their weight and CVD risk profile and enter the intervention in randomized order. Each cluster will have a post-intervention assessment of the same measures. The primary outcome is weight reduction from baseline. Secondary outcomes will include change in CVD risk factors such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, waist circumference, and BMI. A mixed linear model will be used for analysis, where the parameters measured at the end of each 16-week episode will be the outcome values. These will be analyzed such that baseline values (measured just prior to the start of an episode) will be fixed covariables. Random effects are the family units. This trial has been registered with the NIH at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04688684) and is being reported using the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) and TIDieR (Template for intervention description and replication) framework.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04688684.
Comparative evaluation of radiographic and computed tomographic findings in dogs with bilateral medial coronoid disease (MCD) presenting with unilateral forelimb lameness
Authors: Seidler Sophia , Rhode Michaela , Volk Holger , Harms Oliver 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings of dogs with diagnosed bilateral medial coronoid disease, which showed clinically only unilateral lameness of the forelimbs.Materials and methodsMedical records, including radiographs and CT images of dogs with diagnosed bilateral MCD showing only a unilateral forelimb lameness clinically were reviewed retrospectively. Depending on the gait of each dog we established two groups to investigate their radiographs and CT data comparatively. Group I: affected non-lame limb. Group II: affected lame limb. Several evaluation systems were used to assess which factors are important for clinical decision making and a patient tailored therapeutic plan.ResultsData from 84 affected elbow joints (42 dogs) diagnosed with MCD by computed tomography were included. Both the radiological and the CT analysis showed that there are significant differences between Groups I and II. Group I had a lower modified International Elbow Working Group Score (IEWG), the values of the Trochlear notch sclerosis were only slightly deviated, and this group showed less often a dislocation of the fragment compared to group II. Furthermore, the size of the fragment (both the median and the mean value) of the forelimbs from group II was almost twice as big as the one from group I. The following sizes of the fragments were calculated (group I versus (vs.) group II)—median: 0.09 cm2vs. 0.16 cm2, mean value: 0.112 cm2vs. 0.202 cm2. It could be shown that a larger fragment is more likely to dislocate than a smaller one.Clinical significanceThis study provides some evidence towards a better understanding of which diagnostic parameters and findings might be important in clinical decision making. Nevertheless, a “decision tree” for the correct therapy of MCD could not be determined in this study.
School-level determinants of incidence of sports-related concussion: Findings from the CARE Consortium
Authors: Singichetti Bhavna , Marshall Stephen W. , Breedlove Katherine M. , Cameron Kenneth L. , McCrea Michael A. , McAllister Thomas W. , Broglio Steven P. ,   CARE Consortium Investigators
Published: April 2023

Objective
Epidemiologic research on sports-related concussion (SRC) has focused on individual risk factors, with limited research on institutional risk factors and variability in concussion rates.

Methods
This study used data from 53,822 athletes-seasons collected at 30 United States sites (26 civilian institutions and 4 military service academies), from 2014/15 to 2018/19 academic years, by the Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium. School-level risk factors included competitive division (DI, DII, DIII), school type (military/civilian) and a Sport Risk Index (SRI; Low, Medium, High). For comparability between civilian institutions and military academies, only NCAA athletes and concussions in sports games and practices were included. Random intercepts log-binomial regression was used to estimate Risk Ratios (RRs) and model variability in SRC risk.

Results
A total of 2,503 SRCs were observed during the study period, including 829 competition SRCs (33%) and 1,674 practice SRCs (67%). Most variability in SRC risk was at the level of athlete or team (within-school), rather than at the school-level. Specifically, across the three SRC outcomes (all [competition and practice combined], competition-only, and practice-only), within-school variability was 5 to 7 times greater than between-school variability. Three school-level risk factors (Division, School Type, and SRI) accounted for over one-third (36%) of between-school variability. SRI was the strongest school-level predictor of SRC risk (RR = 5.7; 95%CI: 4.2, 7.6 for High vs. Low). SRC risk was higher for Division I compared to Divisions II/III (RR = 1.6; 95%CI: 0.9, 2.9 for DI vs. DIII), and military academies had a moderately elevated risk of SRC (RR = 1.4; 95%CI: 0.7, 2.7).

Conclusion
A large portion of the apparent variability between schools was attributable to structural factors (sport risk and competitive level), suggesting that there were minimal systemic differences in concussion identification between schools. While most variability is within-school, understanding school-level determinants of concussion risk may still be important in providing the implementation science context for individual-level interventions.
Real-World Validation of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Prediction of Polyp Histology in Colonoscopy: A Prospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Li James Weiquan , Wu Clement Chun Ho , Lee Jonathan Wei Jie , Liang Raymond , Soon Gwyneth Shook Ting , Wang Lai Mun , Koh Xuan Han , Koh Calvin Jianyi , Chew Wei Da , Lin Kenneth Weicong , Thian Mann Yie , Matthew Ronnie , Kim Guowei , Khor Christopher Jen Lock , Fock Kwong Ming , Ang Tiing Leong , So Jimmy Bok Yan ,   on behalf of the Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Singapore (AIGES) Study Group
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) of polyp histology could support endoscopists in clinical decision-making. However, this has not been validated in a real-world setting.

METHODS:
We performed a prospective, multicenter study comparing CADx and endoscopist predictions of polyp histology in real-time colonoscopy. Optical diagnosis based on visual inspection of polyps was made by experienced endoscopists. After this, the automated output from the CADx support tool was recorded. All imaged polyps were resected for histological assessment. Primary outcome was difference in diagnostic performance between CADx and endoscopist prediction of polyp histology. Subgroup analysis was performed for polyp size, bowel preparation, difficulty of location of the polyps, and endoscopist experience.

RESULTS:
A total of 661 eligible polyps were resected in 320 patients aged ≥40 years between March 2021 and July 2022. CADx had an overall accuracy of 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 68.0–75.0), compared with 75.2% (95% CI 71.7–78.4) for endoscopists (P = 0.023). The sensitivity of CADx for neoplastic polyps was 61.8% (95% CI 56.9–66.5), compared with 70.3% (95% CI 65.7–74.7) for endoscopists (P < 0.001). The interobserver agreement between CADx and endoscopist predictions of polyp histology was moderate (83.1% agreement, κ 0.661). When there was concordance between CADx and endoscopist predictions, the accuracy increased to 78.1%.

DISCUSSION:
The overall diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity for neoplastic polyps was higher in experienced endoscopists compared with CADx predictions, with moderate interobserver agreement. Concordance in predictions increased this diagnostic accuracy. Further research is required to improve the performance of CADx and to establish its role in clinical practice.
Emerging frontiers for blue growth in African Great Lakes: The potential for recreational fishing industry in Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Nyaboke Hilda , Nyaundi Joseph , Owili Monica , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Aura Christopher Mulanda , Gichuru Nicholas , Okechi John , Owiti Horace , Sudoi Vincent , Liti David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSport fishing for Nile Perch and Tilapia are key attractions to recreational anglers on Lake Victoria. Existing hospitality establishments promote sport fishing with angling as the main form of recreational fishing. Development of this industry is expected to generate accrued benefits of eco-tourism and community empowerment by providing alternative sources of income from the already strangled commercial and subsistence fisheries calling for diversification within the fishing industry. Key informant questionnaires were administered to County tourism and fisheries representatives, hotel directors or managers, and officials of Beach Management Units while questionnaire-led-interviews were conducted at the beaches or community recreation sites. Seven tourist resorts, one yacht club, and seven beaches/fish landing sites were assessed. The study aimed to assess the current status of recreational fishing and identify growth opportunities within the industry. Recreational fishing was concentrated around Mfangano Island targeting Nile Perch using artificial baitfish as a tackle. On average, boat hire charges including fishing tackle were USD 30 per trip (&lt; 3 hours) and USD 100 per day per fishing trip. “Blue tourism” rating was low across the respondents with the 2007 political unrest said to have heavily impacted the number of tourists to the region. Water Hyacinth and poor water quality remain a key challenge within Winam gulf while overfishing posed a major concern in the open lake with the number of longline fishers reported to be on the rise. Resource spatial planning should be instituted to cater for the different players in the Blue Economy. The strict enforcement of the Nile Perch slot size is recommended and cooperation among industry players on access and use of the products from recreational fishing. A national census survey on recreational catches should be conducted if its full potential is to be realized in promoting blue growth.