bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative interventions to improve early mobilisation and physical function after hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sarkies Mitchell N , Testa Luke , Carrigan Ann , Roberts Natalie , Gray Rene , Sherrington Catherine , Mitchell Rebecca , Close Jacqueline C T , McDougall Catherine , Sheehan Katie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Perioperative interventions could enhance early mobilisation and physical function after hip fracture surgery.

Objective
Determine the effectiveness of perioperative interventions on early mobilisation and physical function after hip fracture.

Methods
Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched from January 2000 to March 2022. English language experimental and quasi-experimental studies were included if patients were hospitalised for a fractured proximal femur with a mean age 65 years or older and reported measures of early mobilisation and physical function during the acute hospital admission. Data were pooled using a random effect meta-analysis.

Results
Twenty-eight studies were included from 1,327 citations. Studies were conducted in 26 countries on 8,192 participants with a mean age of 80 years. Pathways and models of care may provide a small increase in early mobilisation (standardised mean difference [SMD]: 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01–0.39, I2 = 73%) and physical function (SMD: 0.07, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.15, I2 = 0%) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation analgesia may provide a moderate improvement in function (SMD: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.24–1.05, I2 = 96%). The benefit of pre-operative mobilisation, multidisciplinary rehabilitation, recumbent cycling and clinical supervision on mobilisation and function remains uncertain. Evidence of no effect on mobilisation or function was identified for pre-emptive analgesia, intraoperative periarticular injections, continuous postoperative epidural infusion analgesia, occupational therapy training or nutritional supplements.

Conclusions
Perioperative interventions may improve early mobilisation and physical function after hip fracture surgery. Future studies are needed to model the causal mechanisms of perioperative interventions on mobilisation and function after hip fracture.
On the evolution of body size and of sexual dimorphism in corbiculate bees
Authors: Cueva del Castillo Raúl , Sanabria-Urbán Salomón , Castillo-Argáez Raiza , Quezada-Euán José Javier G 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Corbiculate bees offer the opportunity to analyse the evolution of differences in body size between sexes in relationship to the social environment, because this group of phylogenetically related taxa have contrasting levels of social organization, ranging from solitary to highly eusocial. Sexual size dimorphism evolves because body size is usually related to reproductive success through different pathways in females and males. Female body size is strongly correlated with fecundity, whereas in males the body size is correlated with mating success. Within a clade, if sexual selection on males has been stronger than selection on female fecundity, a sexual size dimorphism bias to males would be expected (Rensch’s rule), or an opposite trend when the fecundity of females has had a stronger effect. We tested these predictions by taking an allometric approach that considered differences in the capacity of a reproductive female to start a nest on her own or not. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole clade and another analysis including only species in which the females start nests on their own showed that the corbiculate bees do not seem to follow Rensch’s rule. The males and reproductive females of the species in which the females have lost their capacity to start nests were smaller than the reproductive individuals of species in which the females start nests on their own, suggesting that selective pressures linked to the evolution of sociality might constrain the evolution of a large body size in both males and reproductive females.
Population Sepsis Incidence, Mortality, and Trends in Hong Kong Between 2009 and 2018 Using Clinical and Administrative Data
Authors: Ling Lowell , Zhang Jack Zhenhe , Chang Lok Ching , Chiu Lok Ching Sandra , Ho Samantha , Ng Pauline Yeung , Dharmangadan Manimala , Lau Chi Ho , Ling Steven , Man Man Yee , Fong Ka Man , Liong Ting , Yeung Alwin Wai Tak , Au Gary Ka Fai , Chan Jacky Ka Hing , Tang Michele , Liu Ying Zhi , Wu William Ka Kei , Wong Wai Tat , Wu Peng , Cowling Benjamin J , Lee Anna , Rhee Chanu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Sepsis surveillance using electronic health record (EHR)–based data may provide more accurate epidemiologic estimates than administrative data, but experience with this approach to estimate population-level sepsis burden is lacking.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study including all adults admitted to publicly funded hospitals in Hong Kong between 2009 and 2018. Sepsis was defined as clinical evidence of presumed infection (clinical cultures and treatment with antibiotics) and concurrent acute organ dysfunction (≥2-point increase in baseline Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] score). Trends in incidence, mortality, and case fatality risk (CFR) were modeled by exponential regression. Performance of the EHR-based definition was compared with 4 administrative definitions using 500 medical record reviews.

Results
Among 13 540 945 hospital episodes during the study period, 484 541 (3.6%) had sepsis by EHR-based criteria with 22.4% CFR. In 2018, age- and sex-adjusted standardized sepsis incidence was 756 per 100 000 (relative change: +2.8%/y [95% CI: 2.0%–3.7%] between 2009 and 2018) and standardized sepsis mortality was 156 per 100 000 (relative change: +1.9%/y; 95% CI: .9%–2.8%). Despite decreasing CFR (relative change: −0.5%/y; 95% CI: −1.0%, −.1%), sepsis accounted for an increasing proportion of all deaths (relative change: +3.9%/y; 95% CI: 2.9%–4.8%). Medical record reviews demonstrated that the EHR-based definition more accurately identified sepsis than administrative definitions (area under the curve [AUC]: .91 vs .52–.55; P &lt; .001).

Conclusions
An objective EHR-based surveillance definition demonstrated an increase in population-level standardized sepsis incidence and mortality in Hong Kong between 2009 and 2018 and was much more accurate than administrative definitions. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of an EHR-based approach for widescale sepsis surveillance.
Evaluation of Intussusception Following Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine (RotaTeq) Administration in 5 African Countries
Authors: Tate Jacqueline E , Mwenda Jason M , Keita Adama Mamby , Tapsoba Toussaint Wendlamita , Ngendahayo Edouard , Kouamé Bertin Dibi , Samateh Ahmadou Lamin , Aliabadi Negar , Sissoko Seydou , Traore Yacouba , Bayisenga Justin , Sounkere-Soro Moufidath , Jagne Sheriffo , Burke Rachel M , Onwuchekwa Uma , Ouattara Ma , Bikoroti Joel B , N’Zue Kofi , Leshem Eyal , Coulibaly Oumar , Ouedraogo Issa , Uwimana Jeannine , Sow Samba , Parashar Umesh D ,   the African Intussusception Surveillance Network, Zampou Olivier , Bah Abdoulie , Sey Alhagie Papa , Sonko Mariama , Bizumuremyi Yves C M , Mukanyange Violette , Niwenkunda Jeannette , Nkurunziza Charles Twagirayezu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
A low-level risk of intussusception following rotavirus vaccination has been observed in some settings and may vary by vaccine type. We examined the association between RotaTeq vaccination and intussusception in low-income settings in a pooled analysis from 5 African countries that introduced RotaTeq into their national immunization program.

Methods
Active surveillance was conducted at 20 hospitals to identify intussusception cases. A standard case report form was completed for each enrolled child, and vaccination status was determined by review of the child's vaccination card. The pseudo-likelihood adaptation of self-controlled case-series method was used to assess the association between RotaTeq administration and intussusception in the 1–7, 8–21, and 1–21 day periods after each vaccine dose in infants aged 28–245 days.

Results
Data from 318 infants with confirmed rotavirus vaccination status were analyzed. No clustering of cases occurred in any of the risk windows after any of the vaccine doses. Compared with the background risk of naturally occurring intussusception, no increased risk was observed after dose 1 in the 1–7 day (relative incidence = 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–8.03) or the 8–21 day window (relative incidence = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.0–2.69). Similarly, no increased risk of intussusception was observed in any risk window after dose 2 or 3.

Conclusions
RotaTeq vaccination was not associated with increased risk of intussusception in this analysis from 5 African countries. This finding mirrors results from similar analyses with other rotavirus vaccines in low-income settings and highlights the need for vaccine-specific and setting-specific risk monitoring.
Phenotyping coronary plaque by computed tomography in premature coronary artery disease
Authors: Rahoual Ghilas , Zeitouni Michel , Charpentier Etienne , Ritvo Paul-Gydeon , Rouanet Stéphanie , Procopi Niki , Boukhelifa Sena , Charleux Pierre , Guedeney Paul , Kerneis Mathieu , Barthélémy Olivier , Silvain Johanne , Montalescot Gilles , Redheuil Alban , Collet Jean-Philippe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
Premature coronary artery disease (CAD) is an aggressive disease with multiple recurrences mostly related to new coronary lesions. This study aimed to compare coronary plaque characteristics of individuals with premature CAD with those of incidental plaques found in matched individuals free of overt cardiovascular disease, using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).

Methods and results
Of 1552 consecutive individuals who underwent CCTA, 106 individuals with history of acute or stable obstructive CAD ≤45 years were matched by age, sex, smoking status, cardiovascular heredity, and dyslipidaemia with 106 controls. CCTA were analysed for Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System score, plaque composition, and high-risk plaque (HRP) features, including spotty calcification, positive remodelling, low attenuation, and napkin-ring sign. The characteristics of 348 premature CAD plaques were compared with those of 167 incidental coronary plaques of matched controls. The prevalence of non-calcified plaques was higher among individuals with premature CAD (65.1 vs. 30.2%, P &lt; 0.001), as well as spotty calcification (42.5 vs. 17.9%, P &lt; 0.001), positive remodelling (41.5 vs. 9.4%, P &lt; 0.001), low attenuation (24.5 vs. 3.8%, P &lt; 0.001), and napkin-ring sign (1.9 vs. 0.0%). They exhibited an average of 2.2 (2.7) HRP, while the control group displayed 0.4 (0.8) HRP (P &lt; 0.001). Within a median follow-up of 24 (16, 34) months, individuals with premature CAD and ischaemic recurrence (n = 24) had more HRP [4.3 (3.9)] than those without ischaemic recurrence [1.5 (1.9)], mostly non-calcified with low attenuation and positive remodelling.

Conclusion
Coronary atherosclerosis in individuals with premature CAD is characterized by a high and predominant burden of non-calcified plaque and unusual high prevalence of HRP, contributing to disease progression with multiple recurrences. A comprehensive qualitative CCTA assessment of plaque characteristics may further risk stratify our patients, beyond cardiovascular risk factors.
A case report of an intracardiac paraganglioma attached to the left main coronary artery in a patient with a succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D mutation
Authors: Feijen Michelle , Palmen Meindert , Lamb Hildo J , Corssmit Eleonora P M , Antoni Maria Louisa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumours derived from neural crest cells that represent &lt;2% of all paragangliomas. Approximately 35–40% of all paragangliomas are associated with inherited syndromes such as mutation in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzyme.

Case summary
A 44-year-old male with an SDH complex subunit D (SDHD) mutation was diagnosed with an intracardiac paraganglioma attached to the left main coronary artery. Multimodality imaging, including gallium dotatate positron emission tomography computed tomography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) confirmed the suspected intracardiac paraganglioma. During follow-up with a CCTA, the mass showed growth, and surgical removal was recommended to anticipate on the risk of compression of the left main coronary artery. Prior to surgery, coronary angiography was performed, which showed no coronary calcifications. The highly vascularized paraganglioma was visible near the left main and proximal left anterior descending artery. The intracardiac paraganglioma was successfully removed through a median sternotomy with cardiopulmonary bypass, without any complications. The post-operative course was uneventful, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a paraganglioma.

Discussion
Intracardiac paragangliomas in the vicinity of the left main coronary artery are rare, and surgical removal may be challenging. Therefore, screening and the use of multiple imaging modalities in patients with SDHD mutations prior to surgery is of major importance.
The pricing of variance risks in agricultural futures markets: do jumps matter?
Authors: He Xinyue , Bian Siyu , Serra Teresa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The existence of a negative variance risk premium on agricultural futures contracts suggests that market participants pay to hedge unexpected increases in the volatility of these contracts. In this paper, we decompose the variance risk premium in corn and soybeans markets into jump and diffusive components using options and futures data from 2009 to 2021. We find that market participants on average only pay to hedge unexpected increases in jump volatility but not those in diffusive volatility. Furthermore, growing season uncertainty and the arrival of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) announcements play important roles in driving the market’s fear of unexpectedly large price jumps.
Plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms play a role in thermal evolution during range expansion
Authors: Swaegers Janne , De Cupere Simon , Gaens Noah , Lancaster Lesley T , Carbonell José A , Sánchez Guillén Rosa A , Stoks Robby 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Due to global change, many species are shifting their distribution and are thereby confronted with novel thermal conditions at the moving range edges. Especially during the initial phases of exposure to a new environment, it has been hypothesized that plasticity and associated epigenetic mechanisms enable species to cope with environmental change. We tested this idea by capitalizing on the well-documented southward range expansion of the damselfly Ischnura elegans from France into Spain where the species invaded warmer regions in the 1950s in eastern Spain (old edge region) and in the 2010s in central Spain (new edge region). Using a common garden experiment at rearing temperatures matching the ancestral and invaded thermal regimes, we tested for evolutionary changes in (thermal plasticity in) larval life history and heat tolerance in these expansion zones. Through the use of de- and hypermethylating agents, we tested whether epigenetic mechanisms play a role in enabling heat tolerance during expansion. We used the phenotype of the native sister species in Spain, I. graellsii, as proxy for the locally adapted phenotype. New edge populations converged toward the phenotype of the native species through plastic thermal responses in life history and heat tolerance while old edge populations (partly) constitutively evolved a faster life history and higher heat tolerance than the core populations, thereby matching the native species. Only the heat tolerance of new edge populations increased significantly when exposed to the hypermethylating agent. This suggests that the DNA methylation machinery is more amenable to perturbation at the new edge and shows it is able to play a role in achieving a higher heat tolerance. Our results show that both (evolved) plasticity as well as associated epigenetic mechanisms are initially important when facing new thermal regimes but that their importance diminishes with time.
Concurrence of Insomnia and Daytime Sleepiness Predicted 9-Year Mortality Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Yilan Study, Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yu-Ting , Hsu Nai-Wei , Lin Ching-Heng , Chen Hsi-Chung 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Co-occurring insomnia and daytime sleepiness has an undetermined clinical significance in older adults. We aimed to investigate the relationship between various combinations of insomnia and daytime sleepiness with mortality risk in community-dwelling older adults. The moderation effect of sex was also assessed.

Methods
We conducted this follow-up study including community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 in Yilan City, Taiwan. Daytime sleepiness was defined as scoring ≥11 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Insomnia was defined as scores ≥5 on the Athens Insomnia Scale-5. Four phenotypes were defined based on the presence of insomnia or daytime sleepiness. The 9-year mortality risks for various phenotypic combinations were estimated using Cox regression analysis. Sex-specific risks were examined using an interaction term.

Results
In total, 2 702 older adults participated in the study, and 59.1% were women. The total 9-year mortality rate was 27.5%. After adjusting for all covariates, compared with those without insomnia or daytime sleepiness, the phenotype of co-occurring insomnia with daytime sleepiness predicted higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.76, confidence interval [CI]: 1.20–2.58). In contrast, insomnia and daytime sleepiness alone did not correlate with higher mortality. The interaction between sex with co-occurring insomnia and daytime sleepiness was significant (p = .01). When stratifying by sex, the association between co-occurring insomnia and daytime sleepiness with higher mortality risk was male-specific (HR: 3.07, CI: 1.87–5.04).

Conclusions
Concurrence of insomnia and daytime sleepiness indicates a toxic phenotypic combination in older adults, particularly in men. Precise public health and preventive medicine can be implemented through geriatric sleep medicine.
Mathematical modelling and verification of open sun drying of cotton seeds
Authors: Patel Vijay , Judal K B , Panchal Hitesh , Gupta Naveen Kumar , Zahra Musaddak Maher Abdul , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Researchers have carried out the kinetics of various agro products for open sun drying, but research articles still need to address such analysis for cotton seeds. Open sun drying of cotton seeds has been experimentally investigated and presented in this paper. Shorting of cotton seeds was carried out to collect appropriate samples in current research work. Cotton seeds were found to have a nearly ovoid shape with an average radius of 2 to 2.5 mm. The initial moisture content of cotton seeds was estimated to be 14.65% wet-basis using the hot air oven method. During drying, the reduction in the mass of cotton seeds was measured at every one-hour time interval. From this data, it was observed that drying occurred with a falling rate period. Drying data were fitted with 10 mathematical models available in the literature. Multi-regression analysis in Excel-solver equation was performed to obtain values of constants and coefficients of these models. Coefficient of determination (R2), reduced chi-square (χ2) and root mean square error were taken as criteria for the selection of the best drying model. The diffusion approach and models by Verma et al. were chosen as the most suitable drying models for open sun drying of cotton seeds. Effective diffusivity was estimated and found within the range suggested in the literature.
Utilization of GEP and ANN for predicting the net-zero compressive strength of fly ash concrete toward carbon neutrality infrastructure regime
Authors: Onyelowe Kennedy C , Jagan J , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N , Moghal Arif Ali Baig , Onuoha Ifeanyichukwu C , Viswanathan R , Soni Deepak Kumar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present infrastructure regime being promoted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals is such that by the year 2050, the use of cement in the production of concrete and its use in the general construction activities as to reduce carbon emissions to zero must be replaced with net-zero construction materials. These cement replacement materials should be pozzolanic enough to either partially or totally replace the conventional cement and reduce its carbon footprint. The current study adopts two machine learning techniques: gene expression programming (GEP) and artificial neural network (ANN) to determine the 56 days and 180 days of net-zero compressive strength of fly ash concrete. The study effectively depicts how machine learning techniques can be used for the prediction of long- and short-term compressive strength of fly ash concrete toward a carbon neutrality infrastructure regime. The dataset has been compiled by various researchers, and the input parameters include cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, fly ash, water, and water/binder ratio. And the 56 days and 180 days compressive strength (fck) values are the targeted output values. In order to determine a better model, both GEP and ANN were assessed based on the values of the correlation coefficient and crosschecked by other statistical parameters. Both models performed well; however, GEP outweighs the ANN model in estimating the fck at 56 days and 180 days. Moreover, the GEP model generated a simplified equation for foreseeing the value of fck for different ages of net-zero fly ash concrete.
Dynamics associated with fermentation and aerobic deterioration of high-moisture Italian ryegrass silage made using Lactobacillus plantarum and caproic acid
Authors: Dong Dong , Lin Ziqun , Dai Tongtong , Dong Zhihao , Li Junfeng , Shao Tao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims
To determine the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), caproic acid (CA), and their combination during ensiling and feed-out phase.

Methods and results
Six treatments: control (CON), LP, 0.15% caproic acid (LCA), 0.2% caproic acid (HCA), LCA + LP, and HCA + LP were employed for 30 days ensiling and an 8-days aerobic stability test. LP had similar pH value and lactic acid content with LCA + LP, while the contents of NH3-N and total VFAs in LCA + LP were significantly lower than those in LP and CON, and the fermentation quality of LCA + LP performed best among all silages. As air-exposure extended, contents of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), lactic, and acetic acids decreased, while pH, and NH3-N content increased significantly. The population of lactic acid bacteria gradually decreased in contrast to increased counts of aerobic bacteria and yeasts. Compared with LCA, 0.2% CA delayed the aerobic deterioration as judged by a slower increase in pH and high residual of WSC and lactic acid, and negligible ethanol content and anaerobe spores counts remained in HCA at the end of air exposure. Compared with CON (73 h), LP showed less aerobic stability (38 h), whereas HCA and HCA + LP prolonged aerobic stability for 210 and 152 h, better than LCA (109 h) and LCA + LP (146 h).

Conclusions
Lactobacillus plantarum apparently improved the fermentation quality, and combined with CA exhibited greater efficiency in inhibiting undesirable microorganism during ensiling. CA at 0.2% optimally extended the aerobic stability.