bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Canopy Cover: How Tree Distribution Shapes Cloud Formation Across Africa
Authors: Xie Di , Caporaso Luca , Reichstein Markus , Zhong Deyu , Duveiller Gregory 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Vegetation plays a pivotal role in regulating climate and sustaining the hydrological cycle, with both the quantity and distribution of trees influencing surface and atmospheric processes. While the direct effects of vegetation on surface properties are well-documented, the indirect impacts of trees on clouds—especially those from trees outside the forest—are less explored, with spatial tree distribution often neglected. This study examines how tree cover, in terms of absolute coverage and spatial configuration, affects cloud formation over Africa. Our findings reveal distinct patterns of cloud sensitivity to tree cover changes across climatic zones and elevations, linked to energy partitioning during the day and land surface temperature disparities at night. Additionally, combining increases in tree cover and heterogeneity enhances cloud formation by 55.2% in tropical savannas compared to tree cover increase alone, underscoring the importance of strategic tree placement. This data-driven analysis enhances the understanding of vegetation-cloud interactions and provides valuable insights for tree restoration projects in Africa.
Scanning diffraction imaging without stable illumination and scan position information
Authors: Zhang Fucai , Liu Tao , Wang Bingyang , Zhao Jiangtao , Kahnt Maik 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Ptychography has gained significant prominence at synchrotron facilities globally for characterizing the topological structure and intricate properties of biological and material specimens at the nanometer or atomic scale. Its high-resolution potential relies on accurate scan position information, substantial overlap ratio, and a stable probe; however, fulfilling these requirements becomes increasingly challenging as resolution approaches atomic scales. This paper proposes a multiple-shot coherent modulation imaging (multiCMI) scheme to eliminate those strict requirements. Optical light validation demonstrated that the completely unknown scan positions could be retrieved better than 10 nm precision. Sub-pixel position accuracy was still achievable with only a 13% overlap ratio. For the X-ray dataset recorded under an unstable probe and 18% overlap, our method successfully retrieved the varying probe functions, unknown positions, and sample functions simultaneously. Probe spatial deviations of 500nm and 50nm along the X and Y axes were measured, which were not accessible by previous methods. With all these promising features, we expect the proposed multiCMI method will significantly simplify the implementation and widen the scope of applications of scanning diffraction microscopy, especially at nanometer and atomic scale imaging.
Improved Tuberculosis Reinfection Dynamics Modeling with Delay Differential Equations
Authors: Elfouly M. A. , Fares M. E. , Sohaly M. A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study uses a delayed differential equation (DDE) model to impact how latency and loss of immunity rate affect the dynamics of TB transmission. The study investigates how 1 affects important factors such as transmission rate, progression rate, recovery rate, loss immunity rate and time delays. It does this by considering four cases with different rates and parameters of reinfection. The results show that high latency and loss of immunity rate make bad feedback mechanisms. This causes oscillations to last longer, stabilize later and make the system more sensitive to changes in parameters and time lags. On the other hand, low latency and loss of immunity rate help maintain system stability by reducing oscillatory behavior, allowing for faster convergence and reducing the effects of rates of progression, recovery and loss of immunity. Sensitivity analyses show how latency and loss of immunity rate is important in amplifying or reducing the impact of key parameters and time delays on how the disease progresses and how people recover. These results underscore the pivotal role of reinfection in shaping TB dynamics and highlight the need for targeted interventions to reduce reinfection rates as part of effective TB control strategies. This research provides valuable insights into TB epidemiology and offers practical guidance for designing interventions that enhance the stability and predictability of disease dynamics, contributing to broader efforts to control and ultimately eliminate TB.
Human Development and Economic Freedom: Empirical Evidence with an Eye on the Constitutional Economy of the Great Lakes Region
Authors: Etienne Nzabirinda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study examines the impact of economic freedom on human development within the Great Lakes region. This region comprises the states of Burundi, the DRC, Rwanda, and Uganda. The data obtained from the World Bank's Prosperity Data 360 and the HDI from the United Nations Development Programme were employed for this research using fixed-effect panel data models and System GMM Two-Step models to determine the linkage between economic freedom and human development. The results depict a general positive relationship between economic freedom and human development across the region. Specifically, it is seen that economic freedom significantly correlates with human development, ranging from 1.12 in Uganda to 1.85 in Rwanda. HDI in all countries is positively related to human development with a coefficient of 0.13, while life expectancy contributes positively to human development in Burundi, DRC, and Uganda. Expected years of schooling and mean years of schooling are some of the educational indicators that also illustrate positive relationships with human development. Highly correlated to human development, Gross National Income per capita was 0.42 across all countries. The Democracy Index also shows a positive influence on human development, mainly in Burundi. From the System GMM model, it is confirmed that HDI, life expectancy, and GNI per capita significantly explain economic freedom. The findings show that though economic freedom and increase in income are important for development, governance, education, and healthcare reforms are fundamental for ensuring that growth in the region is inclusive and sustainable.
JEL classification codes: O10, O15, O43, E02 P16
Hayabusa2# mission target 1998 KY26 preview: a small optically bright rapid rotator
Authors: Santana-Ros Toni , Bartczak Przemyslaw , Muinonen Karri , Rozek Agata , Müller Thomas , Hirabayashi Masatoshi , Farnocchia Davide , Micheli Marco , Cannon Richard , Brozovic Marina , Hainaut Olivier , Oszkiewicz Dagmara , Virkki Anne , Benner Lance , Bagatin Adriano Campo , Benavidez Paula , Cabrera-Lavers Antonio , Martinez Clara , Vivas Kathy 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Understanding the physical characteristics of small bodies in the Solar System is crucial for refining models of their formation and evolution. Although several kilometre-sized asteroids have already been visited by spacecraft, 1998 KY26 will be the first asteroid in the decametre range to be explored in situ. Its diameter and spin period place it above the spin barrier, suggesting that its formation and properties may differ from those of previously visited bodies. However, the key physical characteristics of 1998 KY26 remain poorly understood. We conducted a photometric observing campaign during 1998 KY26’s close approach to Earth in 2024. Our observations revealed that 1998 KY26 has a high optical albedo and colours consistent with an E-type taxonomy. We also determined its spin period to be (5.3516 ± 0.0001) minutes—twice as fast as previously reported. Using lightcurve inversion methods, we derived a retrograde pole solution and constructed convex and non-convex shape models. By integrating these models with Goldstone radar data from 1998, we estimated 1998 KY26’s diameter to be (11 ± 2) m. The most likely structure for 1998 KY26 is monolithic, yet a fine grained rubble-pile structure is theoretically possible given its required small strength level. We found that it will be possible to validate these results with future JWST observations. Our comprehensive characterisation of 1998 KY26 can inform the planning of the Hayabusa2# spacecraft’s rendezvous encounter, scheduled for July 2031. Additionally, it provides valuable insights into the non-gravitational forces acting on small Solar System bodies, enhancing our understanding of their orbital evolution which could shed light on the nature of dark comets.
Fragmented Liquid Crystals of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Xu Zhen , Xu Zhiping , Shen Chenwei , Liao Yangchao , Liu Senping , Gao Yue , Wang Ya , Ming Xin , Ye Xuan , Zhao Wenbo , Ge Chendong , Zhang Chengqi , Lin Ze , Zhang Mingtao , Guo Rui , Cai Gangfeng , Liu Yingjun , Gao Chao 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Repulsive colloids can form liquid crystals (LCs) that combine fluidity and structural order. Screening repulsion leads to abrupt collapse of LC, losing fluidity either by gelation or frustrating structural order by coagulation. However, the evolution of liquid crystallinity before the transition from overall repulsion to attraction remains unclear. Here we find an intermediate LC state of graphene oxide (GO), named as fragmentated LC (FLC). FLC features fragmented domains down to single entity size but keeps good fluidity contrary to gel and coagulation. In FLC, the balanced interaction keeps single-layer dispersed state of GO and triggers transient networks. GO FLCs surprisingly serve as a peculiar processing state towards amorphous but compact structures with both high strength and toughness, beyond brittle crystalline structures assembled from ordinary nematic LCs. Our findings enable precisely modulating LC directors down to the molecular size limit and provide a new design method for exotic amorphous materials.
The Role of Six Anthropometric Indicators in Predicting the Prevalence and Mortality of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea, Asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population- Based Study from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Hu Jingdi , Tang Songwen , Zhu Qijiang , Liao Huai 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background:
Obesity is linked to a greaterrisk of respiratory diseases. Due to limitations in body mass index (BMI), alternative anthropometric indicators have been developed to reflect body fat distribution. This study compares six anthropometric measures—BMI, waist circumference(WC), the waist-to-height ratio(WHtR), the body roundness index (BRI), the body shape index(ABSI), and the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI)—and their relationships withthe prevalence and mortality of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the US population.
Methods:
Data from four NHANES cycles were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression assessedthe cross-sectional associations between the six anthropometric measures and disease prevalence. Mortality associations were analysed via Cox proportional hazards models, and time‒dependent ROC curve was utilised to evaluate the predictive performance of the significant marker for mortality.
Results:
BMI, WC, WWI, BRI, ABSI, and WHtR were positively correlated with the prevalence of OSA, and COPD. For asthma, BMI, WC, BRI, and WHtR were positively associated with prevalence, while ABSI and WWI were negatively associated. Concerningmortality, higher WC and BMI were associated with better survival in the OSA and COPD groups, whereas elevated WWI and ABSI were linked to greater mortality risk in the participants with OSA symptoms. An increase of one standard deviation (SD) in the ABSI resulted in an 18% increase in mortality (95% CI: 1.09-1.27) for the OSA population. The area under the curve (AUC) for ABSI was 0.752 for 3-year, 0.755 for 5-year, and 0.744 for 10-year mortality.
Conclusions:
Novel anthropometric indicators, including WWI, BRI, ABSI and WHtR, show positive associations with the prevalence of OSA, and COPD, alongside traditional measures likeBMI and WC. However, WWI and ABSI were more limited in their association with asthma prevalence. Longitudinal analyses revealed that traditional anthropometric indicators such as BMI and WC were negatively associated with mortality risks in the OSA and COPD, supporting the "obesity paradox." ABSI, however, emerged as a significant mortality predictor for OSA, providing a more nuanced view of central obesity’s impact on mortality. However, in COPD patients, routine anthropometric measurements may not fully capture the effects of obesity.
Fenton-like modification of Bauhinia tomentosa seedpod for improved sequestration of methylene blue from water
Authors: Agbadaola Michael Tope , Akinyemi Damilola Adeola , Olatunji Dorcas Abiodun , Babalola Jonathan Oyebamiji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Water pollution by dyes remain an important problem that constantly reduces water quality, creating hazard to aquatic flora and fauna, as well as terrestrial life. Although adsorption has been a favourite technique exploited to remediate this growing menace due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness, adsorbents remain limited in their capacity to efficiently remove emerging dye contaminants from wastewater. In this work, we present an efficient method to improve the sequestration of an emerging contaminant, methylene blue dye (MB), from water through Fenton-like modification of adsorbents. Low-cost and readily-available Bauhinia tomentosa seedpod (BTSP) was modified with recyclable FeOCl nanosheets to produce Fenton-BTSP adsorbents. The modified and unmodified adsorbents were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive X-Ray, and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed successful modification of BTSP to form fine agglomerated particles with enhanced surface areas and pore spaces. Adsorption studies revealed optimal adsorption at pH 10, with equilibrium reached in 30 mins for the adsorbents. Isotherm modelling of the adsorption data suggests formation of multiple layers of MB molecules on the adsorbents at maximum monolayer capacity of 190.63 mg/g and 520.83 mg/g for BTSP and Fenton-BTSP, respectively. Kinetics modelling revealed chemical interaction between the adsorbents and dye molecules at a rate that is higher for Fenton-BTSP. Adsorbent regeneration was also improved after Fenton-like modification, contributing to the potential of Fenton-BTSP for industrial applications.
Fabrication and Characterization of Potato Starch Bioplastics for 3d Printing
Authors: Suarez Sergio Gómez , González-Lezcano Roberto Alonso , López Rolando Enrique Guzmán 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Bioplastics are becoming increasingly important due to their positive impact on the environment. This trend has spurred the development of new production techniques, such as 3D printing, emphasizing the need for efficient and sustainable applications of these materials. This article focuses on the preparation of bioplastic filaments for 3D printers using potato starch as the main raw material through the extrusion process. The filaments were prepared with different proportions of starch, glycerin, and distilled water and subjected to thermal analysis using DSC. 3D printing was performed using an Ender 3 V2 printer, and specimens were prepared for tensile testing according to ASTM D638-14 and flexure testing according to ISO 178:2019 for mechanical characterization. It was observed that filaments with higher glycerin content exhibited brittleness and slippage problems in the printer feed motor, making printing impossible. Suitable extrusion and 3D printer bed temperatures were defined. Although the mechanical properties obtained were modest, they are considered adequate for this type of material, suggesting the feasibility of using bioplastics in 3D printing.
Traceable and Scalable Food Balance Sheets from Agricultural Commodity Supply and Utilization Accounts (2010-2022)
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chepeliev Maksym , Escobar Neus , Binsted Matthew , Patel Pralit , Kyle Page , Wise Marshall 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The Food Balance Sheets (FBS), compiled by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), serve as a cornerstone dataset for studies on agricultural development, food security, and dietary health, providing a broad overview of global and regional food systems. However, its limited transparency and scalability hinder its application in empirical analysis and multisector dynamic modeling. Here, we present a traceable Food Balance Sheets (T-FBS) dataset, developed from detailed Supply Utilization Accounts (SUA) using a novel Primary Commodity equivalent (PCe) aggregation approach. This framework enables the aggregation of commodity flows along supply chains while ensuring consistency and balance across multiple dimensions. The T-FBS dataset includes 57 PCe commodities across 195 regions for the period 2010–2022, consolidated from over 500 SUA products. While T-FBS closely aligns with FAO-FBS at aggregate levels for dietary energy and macronutrients, it identifies key uncertainties in other elements (e.g., feed, trade, stocks). By enhancing methodological transparency, traceability, and scalability, T-FBS strengthens the robustness of food system studies and fosters future research and collaboration within the open-source community.
Exploring PANoptosis Related Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers and Potential Drugs for Sarcopenia based on Machine Learning and Experimental Validation
Authors: Deng Zhibo , Song Chao , Zhang Rongsheng , Xiu Yu , Yang Linhai , Dai Hanhao , Luo Jun , Xu Jie 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Sarcopenia, an aseptic chronic inflammatory disease, is a complex
and debilitating disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle.
PANoptosis, a novel proinflammatory programmed cell death pathway, has been linked to
various diseases. However, the precise role of PANoptosis-related features in sarcopenia remains
uncertain.

Methods:
According to the intersection of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the sarcopenia
dataset GSE167186 and the PANoptosis gene set, we classified patients into
PANoptosis-related subtypes (PANRS) using consensus clustering. The DEGs of PANRS
were intersected with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Proteinprotein
interaction network and cytoHubba algorithms were employed to further identify potential
genes related to PANoptosis. The most characteristic genes were selected using LASSO
regression and validated by ROC curve analysis, followed by relevant immune infiltration
analysis. Additionally, small-molecule drug screening was performed using Cmap. The
relative expression levels of hub genes in sarcopenia were confirmed by PCR. Finally,
single-cell analysis and GSEA were used to examine the distribution and function of hub
genes.

Results:
Thirty-five candidate genes were identified through WGCNA and PANRS. Machine
learning and ROC curve analysis revealed three core genes: LTBP2, ETS2, and
H3.3B, all of which were up-regulated in patients with sarcopenia (p<0.01). Immune infiltration
analysis indicated that these three diagnostic genes were linked to the activation of NK
cells and macrophages. Single-cell analysis demonstrated that LTBP2 was mainly localized
in fibroblasts, while ETS2 and H3.3B exhibited a uniform distribution. Enrichment analysis
indicated that the three hub genes were predominantly associated with the inhibition of energy
metabolism.

Conclusion:
In this study, the hub genes LTBP2, ETS2, and H3.3B associated with PANoptosis
in sarcopenia were successfully identified through a combination of bioinformatics and
experimental verification methods. This establishes a foundation for new candidate diagnostic
and therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.
LGALS3BP: A Potential Prognostic Biomarker Influencing Antitumor Immunity in Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Hu Anqi , Pan Shuaikang , He Yuan , Wang XueRu , Qian Dong , Li Xiaoyang 
Published: January 2025

Objective:
LGALS3BP exhibits differential expression in various types of tumors.
This study aimed to analyze its potential diagnostic and prognostic value in Triple-
negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of LGALS3BP's differential expression
and its association with patient survival outcomes using data from public databases.
To further validate these findings, Immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments were performed
to confirm the differential expression of LGALS3BP protein in TNBC. Additionally,
we also investigated the relationship among LGALS3BP, tumor immune infiltration,
and drug sensitivity.

Results:
Results indicated LGALS3BP to be significantly upregulated in TNBC, with its
high expression correlating with improved survival outcomes. Furthermore, LGALS3BP
expression correlated with immune cell infiltration. Notably, high LGALS3BP expression
may confer a greater likelihood of benefiting from immunotherapy.

Conclusion:
LGALS3BP may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for TNBC.
Synthesis and Anti-Toxoplasma Activity In vitro of Arctigenin Derivatives
Authors: he miaohai , jin chunmei , lu pingzhu , yue xiuyong , yang hongjing , fu zhengfeng , qin xue , yang haoran 
Published: January 2025

Background:
At present, the therapeutic drugs for Toxoplasmosis have serious side effects
and limitations in application, so it is urgent to develop low-toxicity and high-efficiency drugs.

Objective:
A series of new derivatives based on arctigenin were designed and synthesized, aiming to
obtain target derivatives with superior anti-Toxoplasma activity.

Methods:
A series of quinoline groups were introduced into the phenolic hydroxyl group of arctigenin
compound, and 29 novel arctigenin derivatives were designed and synthesized. The chemical
structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. The cytotoxicity of all
compounds to host cells (HeLa) and the half inhibitory concentration of HeLa cells infected with
Toxoplasma gondii were determined by the MTT assay, and the selectivity index (SI) was calculated.

Results:
The selectivity index of compounds B8 and B12 was 1.45, indicating the anti-Toxoplasma
activity of compound B8 and B12 to be higher than that of the lead compound arctigenin (SI= 0.99)
and the positive control drug spiramycin (SI= 0.92).

Conclusion:
Compounds B8 and B12 demonstrated the most potent anti-Toxoplasma activity, with
an SI value of 1.45. This offers valuable guidance for the subsequent screening of more effective
anti-Toxoplasma drugs.