bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating a unique enhanced recovery protocol in laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: A single center experience
Authors: Atherton Samuel W. , Massey Michael S. , Nguyen Tho , Wang David W. , Subramaniam Kathirvel , Abdelwahid Eman , Bahnaswy Ahmed , Trostler Michael S. , Lombardero Manuel , Planinsic Raymond , Abuelkasem Ezeldeen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been associated with a reduction in opioid consumption and a hastening in recovery in abdominal surgery. However, their impact on laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study is to evaluate opioid consumption and other relevant outcome measures before and after implementation of a unique LDN ERAS protocol.Methods244 LDN patients were included in this retrospective cohort study. Forty‐six underwent LDN prior to implementation of ERAS, whereas 198 patients received ERAS perioperative care. The primary outcome was daily oral morphine equivalent (OME) consumption averaged over the entire postoperative stay. Due to removal of preoperative oral morphine from the protocol partway through the study period, the ERAS group was further subdivided into morphine recipients and non‐recipients for subgroup analysis. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), length of stay, pain scores, and other relevant measures.ResultsERAS donors consumed significantly fewer average daily OMEs than Pre‐ERAS donors (21.5 vs. 37.6, respectively; p < .0001). There were no statistically significant differences in OME consumption between morphine recipients and non‐recipients. The ERAS group experienced less PONV (44.4% requiring one or more rescue antiemetic postoperatively, vs. 60.9% of Pre‐ERAS donors; p = .008).ConclusionsA protocol pairing lidocaine and ketamine with a comprehensive approach to preoperative PO intake, premedication, intraoperative fluid management and postoperative pain control is associated with reduced opioid consumption in LDN.
Left atrial functional measurements’ utility in predicting long‐term risk of atrial fibrillation after isolated CABG
Authors: Dyhr Mikkel Ravn , Olsen Flemming Javier , Lindberg Søren , Modin Daniel , Fritz‐Hansen Thomas , Pedersen Sune , Iversen Allan , Galatius Søren , Jespersen Thomas , Møgelvang Rasmus , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We hypothesized that measures of left atrial (LA) function would be useful in predicting AF in patients undergoing CABG.Methods and resultsIn the study, 611 patients were included after CABG. All patients had echocardiograms performed preoperatively and LA functional measurements were assessed. These measurements were LA maximum volume index (LAVmax), LA minimum volume index (LAVmin) and LA emptying fraction (LAEF). The endpoint was AF occurring >14 days after surgery.During the follow‐up period of a median of 3.7 years, 52 (9%) developed AF. The mean age was 67 years, 84% were male and the average left ventricle ejection fraction was 50%. Patients who developed AF had a lower CCS class and lower LAEF (40 vs. 45%), otherwise no clinical differences were observed between outcome groups. No functional LA measurements were significant predictors of AF in the whole CABG population. However, in patients with normal‐sized LA (n = 532, events: 49), both LAEF and LAVmin were univariable predictors of AF. When the functional measurements were adjusted for the CHADS2 score, both LAVmin (HR = 1.07 [1.01‐1.13], p = .014) and LAEF (HR: 1.02 [1.00‐1.03], p = .023), remained significant predictors.ConclusionNo echocardiographic measurements were significant predictors of AF after CABG. In patients with a normal LA size, LAVmin as well as LAEF were significant predictors of AF.
Susceptibility of silver birch and black alder to several Phytophthora species isolated from soils in declining broadleaf forests in western Ukraine
Authors: Matsiakh Iryna , López‐García Noelia , Kacprzyk Magdalena , Cleary Michelle 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn declining broadleaf forests in western Ukraine, several Phytophthora species including P. plurivora, P. bilorbang, P. polonica, P. gonapodyides and P. cactorum were recovered using soil baiting assays and identified using morphological and molecular methods. Pathogenicity tests of selected isolates were performed on black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) to assess susceptibility of these two tree species to the newly detected Phytophthora species. Phytophthora plurivora, P. bilorbang and P. polonica showed higher pathogenicity in both alder and birch compared to the other tested Phytophthora species.
The northernmost plant pathogenic fungus, Rhytisma arcticum sp. nov.: Morphological and molecular characterization of a novel species from Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Masumoto Shota 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA novel fungal pathogen, Rhytisma arcticum, is described, causing tar spot disease on Salix arctica in Ellesmere Island, Canada. Stromata, asci and ascospores—distinctly smaller than other Rhytisma species found on Salix—are its distinctive morphological features. rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large‐subunit (LSU) sequence analyses revealed a close relation of this species to R. polare previously reported on Spitsbergen Island. This study describes a novel plant pathogen species in one of the northernmost locations of the world.
Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering to Detect Test Collusion on Computer‐Based Tests
Authors: Ingrisone Soo Jeong , Ingrisone James N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere has been a growing interest in approaches based on machine learning (ML) for detecting test collusion as an alternative to the traditional methods. Clustering analysis under an unsupervised learning technique appears especially promising to detect group collusion. In this study, the effectiveness of hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) for detecting aberrant test takers on Computer‐Based Testing (CBT) is explored. Random forest ensembles are used to evaluate the accuracy of the clustering and find the important features to classify the aberrant test takers. Testing data from a certification exam is used. The level of overlap between the exact response matches on incorrectly keyed items in the exam preparation material and HAC are compared. Integrating HAC as an investigation mean is promising in this field to improve the accuracy of classification of aberrant test takers.
Clinically relevant increases in serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in patients with Susac syndrome
Authors: Plantone Domenico , Sabatelli Eleonora , Locci Sara , Marrodan Mariano , Laakso Sini M. , Mateen Farrah J. , Feresiadou Amalia , Buelens Tom , Bianco Assunta , Fiol Marcela P. , Correale Jorge , Tienari Pentti , Calabresi Paolo , De Stefano Nicola , Iorio Raffaele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeSerum levels of neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) are promising neuro‐axonal damage and astrocytic activation biomarkers. Susac syndrome (SS) is an increasingly recognized neurological condition and biomarkers that can help assess and monitor disease evolution are highly needed for the adequate management of these patients. sNfL and sGFAP levels were evaluated in patients with SS and their clinical relevance in the relapse and remission phase of the disease was assessed.MethodsAs part of a multicentre study that enrolled patients diagnosed with SS from six international centres, sNfL and sGFAP levels were assessed in 22 SS patients (nine during a relapse and 13 in remission) and 59 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls using SimoaTM assay Neurology 2‐Plex B Kit.ResultsSerum NfL levels were higher than those of healthy controls (p < 0.001) in SS patients and in both subgroups of patients in relapse and in remission (p < 0.001 for both), with significantly higher levels in relapse than in remission (p = 0.008). sNfL levels showed a negative correlation with time from the last relapse (r = −0.663; p = 0.001). sGFAP levels were slightly higher in the whole group of patients than in healthy controls (p = 0.046) and were more pronounced in relapse than in remission (p = 0.013).ConclusionIn SS patients, both sNFL and sGFAP levels increased compared with healthy controls. Both biomarkers had higher levels during clinical relapse and much lower levels in remission. sNFL was shown to be time sensitive to clinical changes and can be useful to monitor neuro‐axonal damage in SS.
Intermittent vs continuous ketogenic diet: Impact on seizures, gut microbiota, and mitochondrial metabolism
Authors: Shearer Jane , Scantlebury Morris H. , Rho Jong M. , Tompkins Thomas A. , Mu Chunlong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe have shown previously that the ketogenic diet (KD) is effective in reducing seizures associated with infantile spasms syndrome (ISS) and that this benefit is related to alterations in the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear whether the efficacy of the KD persists after switching to a normal diet. Employing a neonatal rat model of ISS, we tested the hypothesis that the impact of the KD would diminish when switched to a normal diet. Following epilepsy induction, neonatal rats were divided into two groups: continuous KD for 6 days; and a group fed with KD for 3 days and then a normal diet for 3 days. Spasms frequency, mitochondrial bioenergetics in the hippocampus, and fecal microbiota were evaluated as major readouts. We found that the anti‐epileptic effect of the KD was reversible, as evidenced by the increased spasms frequency in rats that were switched from the KD to a normal diet. The spasms frequency was correlated inversely with mitochondrial bioenergetic function and a set of gut microbes, including Streptococcus thermophilus and Streptococcus azizii. These findings suggest that the anti‐epileptic and metabolic benefits of the KD decline rapidly in concert with gut microbial alterations in the ISS model.
Diverse strategies for tracking seasonal environmental niches at hemispheric scale
Authors: Cohen Jeremy , Jetz Walter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimSpecies depend upon a constrained set of environmental conditions, or environmental niches, for survival and reproduction that are being increasingly perturbed or lost under rapid climatic change. Seasonal environments, which require species to withstand shifting conditions or track their niches via movement, can offer an important system to study the range of biological responses to potentially cope with climate change. Here, we develop a novel methodological framework to identify niche‐tracking strategies, including the tracking of niche position and breadth, using a uniquely well‐sampled system of 619 New World bird species.LocationWestern Hemisphere.Time period1980–2020.Major taxa studiedBirds (Aves).MethodsAt continental scales, we identify the tracking of both environmental niche position and breadth and assess its phylogenetic and functional underpinning. Partitioning niche position and breadth tracking can inform whether climatic means or extremes constrain seasonal niches.ResultsWe uncover four primary niche‐tracking strategies, including the tracking of environmental niche position, niche breadth, both or neither. Species that track niche position most often also track niche breadth, but nearly 40% only track one component and 26% only track niche breadth and not position. There is only limited phylogenetic determinism to this variation, but a strong association with ecological and functional attributes that differs between niche position versus niche breadth tracking.Main conclusionsThe observed diversity in type and strength of environmental niche‐tracking strategies points to highly differing sensitivity to ongoing climatic change, with narrow trackers of both position and breadth particularly susceptible. The trait associations of niche tracking imply significant functional consequences for communities and ecosystems as impending climate change affects some strategies more strongly than others. Seasonal environments and their diversity of niche‐tracking strategies offer exceptionally dynamic systems for understanding the biological responses and consequences of climate change.
Family members' perspectives of hope when supporting a relative experiencing mental health problems
Authors: McCarthy Joan , Higgins Agnes , McCarthy Bridie , Flynn Angela V. , Gijbels Harry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCurrent research views hope as a process that plays a positive role in the recovery of individuals with mental health problems. However, little attention has been given to the role of hope in the lives of their families. We aimed to address that gap. We deployed a qualitative descriptive design and carried out individual interviews with nine family members who supported a relative with mental health problems. A cross‐comparison of the data generated three major themes: understandings of hope; factors that diminish hope and factors that nurture hope. The participants viewed hope as a positive and productive feeling or attitude that was life‐affirming, and empowering. They also associated it with behaviours and dispositions such as attentiveness and empathy and the possibility of a return to a more stable and ‘normal’ life. The participants experienced hope as initially eroded when their relative was first diagnosed and institutionalized. Hope was further diminished due to the poor communication practices of some mental health professionals and the stress of the caring role itself. On the other hand, hope was nurtured through the support of other family members, friends, neighbours and peers. Acquiring knowledge and understanding about the relative's state of mental health nurtured hope and enabled the participants to have a more meaningful role in their recovery process. Practices of self‐care such as independent activities and counselling also strengthened hope and some mental health professionals played a positive role in supporting these. Most striking about the reports of many of the participants was their assertion of their abiding love for their relative. Their account of their ability to see beyond the illness of their relative was an insight that we did not find in other accounts of the experiences of family members. We highlight the need for family members to have timely access to relevant information about their relatives' illness. We conclude that hope is relational at its core because of the interplay of intrapersonal, interpersonal and social factors that diminish or nurture it over time. Specifically, we propose that friends, neighbours and peer support groups as key actors in nurturing the hope of both family members and their relatives.
Factors associated with attitudes of mental health nurses towards the importance of families in mental health nursing care
Authors: Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh , Lu Huei‐Lan , Chiu Chin‐Kuai , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFamily involvement in mental healthcare is a key ingredient in the recovery of patients with mental illness. Research on the attitudes of mental health nurses regarding family involvement in mental healthcare remains limited. This study aimed to examine factors that affect the attitudes of mental health nurses towards the importance of family involvement in mental health nursing care. A descriptive, correlational study with a cross‐sectional design was conducted with 162 mental health nurses at two psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan. Descriptive statistics, independent t‐tests, one‐way analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were applied to analyse data. Mental health nurses generally demonstrated positive attitudes towards incorporating families into nursing care. Older age, more clinical experiences in mental healthcare, and workplace (such as working in chronic psychiatric inpatient wards) were found to be key factors for mental health nurses' attitudes. Particularly, greater competence in working with families and job satisfaction were the most significant factors associated with positive attitudes of mental health nurses towards involving families as important in nursing care. Insight into correlates of mental health nurses' attitudes towards the importance of focusing on families in care is pivotal for targeted interventions to improve nurses' attitudes towards families and, thus, implement family engagement in mental healthcare practices.
Effects of Gd3+ substitution on the structure, photoluminescence, scintillation, and thermometric features of Pr3+:Lu2Zr2O7 phosphors
Authors: Xie Tian , Zhang Chengbin , Jiang Pan , Lei Ruoshan , Lei Lei , Li Bingpeng , Xu Shiqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, it is shown how the photoluminescence, scintillation, and optical thermometric properties are managed via the introduction of Gd3+ ions into Pr3+:Lu2Zr2O7. Raman spectra validate that partial replacement of Lu3+ with Gd3+ can promote the phase transition of Lu2Zr2O7 host from the defective fluorite structure to the ordered pyrochlore one. Upon 289 nm excitation, all the samples emit the 483 (3P0 → 3H4), 581 (1D2 → 3H4), 611 (3P0 → 3H6), 636 (3P0 → 3F2), and 714 nm (3P0 → 3F4) emissions from Pr3+ ions, which are enhanced with the addition of Gd3+ ions due to the modification of crystal structure. Dissimilarly, the X‐ray excited luminescence spectra consist of a strong emission located at 314 nm from Gd3+ ions (6P7/2 → 8S7/2), together with the typical emissions from Pr3+ ions, which exhibit different dependences on the Gd3+ concentration. When the luminescence intensity ratio between the 3P0 → 3H6 (611 nm) and 1D2 → 3H4 (581 nm) transitions is selected for temperature sensing, Pr3+:(Lu0.75Gd0.25)2Zr2O7 shows the optimal relative sensing sensitivity of 0.78% K−1 at 303 K, which is higher than that of the Gd3+‐free sample. Therefore, the developed Pr3+:(Lu, Gd)2Zr2O7 phosphors have the applicative potential for optical thermometry, X‐ray detection, and photodynamic therapy.
Optimized ablation resistance behavior and mechanism of C/SiC composites with high thermal conductive channels
Authors: Cao Yejie , Zhang Yunhai , Liu Yongsheng , Cao Liyang , Shao Xiongjian , Wang Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimed to enhance the high‐temperature service performance of C/SiC composites in high‐speed aircraft thermal protection system, in this article, pitch‐based carbon fibers were used to construct high thermal conductive channels to improve the heat transfer capability of C/SiC composites. The results revealed that the as‐prepared composites equipped with 4.7 times higher thermal conductivity than that of conventional C/SiC composites. The oxyacetylene flame ablation test confirmed that the constructed high thermal conductive channels, which quickly conducted the heat flow from the ablation center area to other areas is the main reason of as‐prepared composites exhibiting a very impressive ablation resistance property. Briefly, the ablation temperature of the as‐prepared composite surfaces considerably dropped by about 300°C compared with conventional C/SiC composites, while the linear ablation rate and mass ablation rate of the composites are 1.27 μm/s and 0.61 mg/s respectively, which is superior to many recent reports, demonstrating that this article provides a simple but highly effective measure to improve the ablation resistance property of C/SiC composites.
Improved optical thermometric sensitivity of Eu3+‐doped calcium niobate phosphor via nonstoichiometric control
Authors: Zhu Nannan , Wang Ting , Guo Longchao , Li Ziyang , Duan Bosong , An Xin , He Qingshan , Yue Yang , Yang Luyi , Feng Wei , Yu Xue 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEu3+‐doped calcium niobate CaNbxO6 phosphors were successfully prepared by a solid‐state reaction, and the crystal structure, morphology, energy transfer process, and temperature‐dependent behaviors were systematically investigated. The CaNbxO6 host matrix presents the self‐activated characteristic emission at 470 nm due to the charge transfer transition of Nb5+–O2+, and the corresponding photoluminescence intensity reaches the maximum intensity when the nonstoichiometric ratio of Ca2+/Nb5+ ions is 1:1.9. Moreover, the energy transfer process from the host (470 nm) to Eu3+ (612 nm) ions in the CaNb1.9O6:Eu3+ phosphor is demonstrated, and the corresponding energy transfer efficiency is significantly enhanced compared with that of stoichiometric sample. Furthermore, it is observed that nonstoichiometric ratio of Nb5+ ions deteriorates the thermal quenching of the matrix while guaranteeing the thermal stability of the activators, resulting in the relative sensitivity (Sr) of CaNb1.9O6:Eu3+ being greatly improved from 2.235% to 3.673% K−1. Herein, these results provide an effective strategy for manipulating the sensitivity of optical thermometers of phosphors based on the induced modulation of the temperature‐response performance via nonstoichiometric control.
Effectiveness of collaboration in developing computational thinking skills: A systematic review of social cognitive factors
Authors: Lai Xiaoyan , Ye Jiachu , Wong Gary Ka Wai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCollaboration has commonly been integrated in computational thinking education to foster novice learning. While the majority of existing studies on developing students' CT skills have been based on competency or personality factors, social factors have been largely ignored.ObjectivesThis systematic review, framed by social cognitive learning theories, aims to unravel the influencing factors of collaboration in developing computational thinking skills in K‐12 education.MethodsWe searched four databases and located 79 publications for synthesis analysis to identify 10 social cognitive factors from personal and learning environmental perspectives. Personal factors are gender, prior knowledge, and motivational attitudes, while the learning environmental factors are roles, partnership, interaction, culture, tools, tasks, and scaffolding.Results and ConclusionsWe examined the following five major issues: (a) collaboration elements designed in learning activities; (b) social cognitive factors that might influence the development of computational thinking; (c) the influences caused by social cognitive factors; (d) students' perceived benefits of collaboration; (e) major challenges of integrating collaboration in computational thinking education. The most reported challenges in collaborative classrooms are students' misunderstanding of computational thinking knowledge, negative sentiments, and communication problems. Accordingly, a design framework to facilitate collaborative learning activities was proposed. The design framework can provide a more focused research avenue for examining the effects of collaboration in the development of computational thinking in K‐12 education.