bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valvular heart disease in patients on kidney replacement therapy: “opening Pandora's box”
Authors: de la Espriella Rafael , Romero-González Gregorio , Núñez Julio 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Valvular heart disease (VHD) is highly prevalent among dialysis patients, affecting up to 30%–40% of the population. Aortic and mitral valves are the most frequently affected and commonly lead to valvular stenosis and regurgitation. Although it is well established that VHD is associated with a high morbimortality burden, the optimal management strategy remains unclear, and treatment options are limited due to the high risk of complications and mortality after surgical and transcatheter interventions. In this issue of Clinical Kidney Journal, Elewa et al. provide new evidence in this field by reporting the prevalence and associated outcomes of VHD in patients with kidney failure on renal replacement therapy.
Effects of disease on foraging behaviour and success in an individual free-ranging northern elephant seal
Authors: Holser Rachel R , Crocker Daniel E , Favilla Arina B , Adachi Taiki , Keates Theresa R , Naito Yasuhiko , Costa Daniel P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Evaluating consequences of stressors on vital rates in marine mammals is of considerable interest to scientific and regulatory bodies. Many of these species face numerous anthropogenic and environmental disturbances. Despite its importance as a critical form of mortality, little is known about disease progression in air-breathing marine megafauna at sea. We examined the movement, diving, foraging behaviour and physiological state of an adult female northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) who suffered from an infection while at sea. Comparing her to healthy individuals, we identified abnormal behavioural patterns from high-resolution biologging instruments that are likely indicators of diseased and deteriorating condition. We observed continuous extended (3–30 minutes) surface intervals coinciding with almost no foraging attempts (jaw motion) during 2 weeks of acute illness early in her post-breeding foraging trip. Elephant seals typically spend ~ 2 minutes at the surface. There were less frequent but highly extended (30–200 minutes) surface periods across the remainder of the trip. Dive duration declined throughout the trip rather than increasing. This seal returned in the poorest body condition recorded for an adult female elephant seal (18.3% adipose tissue; post-breeding trip average is 30.4%). She was immunocompromised at the end of her foraging trip and has not been seen since that moulting season. The timing and severity of the illness, which began during the end of the energy-intensive lactation fast, forced this animal over a tipping point from which she could not recover. Additional physiological constraints to foraging, including thermoregulation and oxygen consumption, likely exacerbated her already poor condition. These findings improve our understanding of illness in free-ranging air-breathing marine megafauna, demonstrate the vulnerability of individuals at critical points in their life history, highlight the importance of considering individual health when interpreting biologging data and could help differentiate between malnutrition and other causes of at-sea mortality from transmitted data.
Biomarkers or biotargets? Using competition to lure cancer cells into evolutionary traps
Authors: Bukkuri Anuraag , Adler Frederick R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Cancer biomarkers provide information on the characteristics and extent of cancer progression and help inform clinical decision-making. However, they can also play functional roles in oncogenesis, from enabling metastases and inducing angiogenesis to promoting resistance to chemotherapy. The resulting evolution could bias estimates of cancer progression and lead to suboptimal treatment decisions.

Methodology
We create an evolutionary game theoretic model of cell–cell competition among cancer cells with different levels of biomarker production. We design and simulate therapies on top of this pre-existing game and examine population and biomarker dynamics.

Results
Using total biomarker as a proxy for population size generally underestimates chemotherapy efficacy and overestimates targeted therapy efficacy. If biomarker production promotes resistance and a targeted therapy against the biomarker exists, this dynamic can be used to set an evolutionary trap. After chemotherapy selects for a high biomarker-producing cancer cell population, targeted therapy could be highly effective for cancer extinction. Rather than using the most effective therapy given the cancer’s current biomarker level and population size, it is more effective to ‘overshoot’ and utilize an evolutionary trap when the aim is extinction. Increasing cell–cell competition, as influenced by biomarker levels, can help prime and set these traps.

Conclusion and Implications
Evolution of functional biomarkers amplify the limitations of using total biomarker levels as a measure of tumor size when designing therapeutic protocols. Evolutionarily enlightened therapeutic strategies may be highly effective, assuming a targeted therapy against the biomarker is available.
Screening for anxiety and depression in clinical practice: translating scores from World Health Organization-5/Anxiety Symptom Scale-2/Major Depression Inventory-2 to Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Authors: Johnsen Nina Føns , Jensen Sidsel Normann , Christensen Karl Bang , Pedersen Susanne S , Helmark Charlotte , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe , Gislason Gunnar H 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate if a combination of World Health Organization-5 (WHO-5), Anxiety Symptom Scale-2 (ASS-2), and Major Depression Inventory-2 (MDI-2) can replace the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) as screening tool for anxiety and depression in cardiac patients across diagnoses and whether it is feasible to generate crosswalks (translation tables) for use in clinical practice.Methods and resultsWe used data from the Danish ‘Life with a heart disease’ survey, in which 10 000 patients with a hospital contact and discharge diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, heart valve disease, or atrial fibrillation in 2018 were invited. Potential participants received an electronic questionnaire including 51 questions on health, well-being, and evaluation of the health care system. Crosswalks between WHO-5/ASS-2 and HADS anxiety dimension (HADS-A) and between WHO-5/MDI-2 and HADS depression dimension (HADS-D) were generated and tested using item response theory (IRT). A total of 4346 patients responded to HADS, WHO-5, ASS-2, and MDI-2. Model fit of the bi-factor IRT models illustrated appropriateness of a bi-factor structure and thus of essential uni-dimensionality [root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (P value) range 0.000–0.053 (0.0099–0.7529) for anxiety and 0.033–0.061 (0.0168–0.2233) for depression]. A combination of WHO-5 and ASS-2 measured the same trait as HADS-A, and a combination of WHO-5 and MDI-2 measured the same trait as HADS-D. Consequently, crosswalks (translation tables) were generated.ConclusionsOur study shows that it is feasible to use crosswalks between HADS-A and WHO-5/ASS-2 and HADS-D and WHO-5/MDI-2 for screening cardiac patients across diagnoses for anxiety and depression in clinical practice.
Quantile Regression Analysis of the Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol’s Impact on Forestry Fire Incremental Growth
Authors: Granville Kevin , Cao Shi Yu , Woolford Douglas G , McFayden Colin B 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGovernmental legislation, regulations, and policies are used to prevent and mitigate the negative impact of human-caused wildland fires. In Ontario, Canada, the Modifying Industrial Operations Protocol (MIOP) aims to manage and limit the risk associated with fires ignited because of industrial forestry operations while maintaining flexibility in terms of daily restrictions. The MIOP was enacted in Ontario in 2008, when it replaced the Woods Modifications Guidelines, which had been in effect since 1989. We use quantile regression to quantify how the distribution of incremental growth has changed when contrasting three prevention time periods (MIOP, Woods Guidelines, Pre-Woods) while controlling for several possible confounding variables that drive fire growth. We analyze data of industrial forestry-caused wildland fires ignited on Crown forest land in Ontario from 1976 to 2019. This type of retrospective analysis is important for monitoring the performance of Ontario’s prevention and mitigation efforts and providing insight for the future, especially in a changing environment. Our findings provide evidence of MIOP succeeding at its goal of mitigating the negative impact of ignited industrial forestry fires when compared against previous regulations.
The untold leader of judicial review: China’s Constitutional Court (1948–71) and innovative constitutionalism
Authors: Jiang Zhaoxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Based on newly opened Chinese diaries of Chiang Kai-shek and presidents of the Judicial Yuan, this article explores China’s Constitutional Court from a socio-historical perspective and contextualizes China’s constitutional development from the mainland to Taiwan by 1971, when the United Nations delegitimized the Chiang Kai-shek regime as a lawful representative of China. This article argues that China’s insistence on legal exceptionalism and the fact that China became a victor state after the two world wars facilitated the institutionalization of the Constitutional Court. Due to the judicial leadership and their effective interactions with the political leader, China’s Constitutional Court survived and led a second wave of global expansion of judicial power around the mid-twentieth century. The survival of China’s Constitutional Court gave life to the oldest constitutional court that endured an authoritarian regime longer than the entire post-1989 era. It therefore provides a unique case for the survival of post-democratization constitutional courts in the twenty-first century. However, China’s Constitutional Court has never been properly accredited, not to mention as a leader of the second wave of judicial review. This article fills the gap and posits the survival of the Constitutional Court as a new thesis in comparative constitutional law. Among others, factors including peaceful constitutional revolution, victor-state’s legal exceptionalism, guardian of the Constitutional Court, strong meritocratic judicial leadership and the judicial personal interactions with charismatic political leadership combine to produce a series of constitutional innovations that have safeguarded the survival of China’s Constitutional Court, and thus contributed to creating an exceptional paradigm of judicial review and global constitutional improvement.
China’s recognition and enforcement of foreign securities judgments against overseas-listed Chinese companies
Authors: Huang Robin Hui , Gu Weixia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Over the past decades, a growing number of Chinese companies have been listed overseas, notably in the USA and Hong Kong. They are subject to the securities regulation of listing places and can be sued thereunder against their securities misconduct. As overseas-listed Chinese companies usually have their main assets located in China, it is important that Chinese courts recognize and enforce foreign securities judgments. However, there are many difficulties in this area, which undermine the efficacy of the regulation of cross-border securities transactions. In quest of solutions, this article assesses the possibility of suing Chinese companies in the offshore financial centres where they are incorporated, finding that there would be similar issues with judgment enforcement in China. It also examines the viability of using arbitration as an alternative, arguing that arbitration may only supplement, rather than substituting, court litigation for resolving securities disputes. China should consider signing a bilateral treaty with the USA, clarifying the principle of reciprocity, and ratifying the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention and even the 2019 Hague Judgment Convention. Hong Kong is also advised to expand its current judgment recognition arrangement with Mainland China to cover securities judgments and join the relevant international conventions.
Dynamical evolution of the resistive thick accretion Tori around a Schwarzschild black hole
Authors: Shaghaghian M 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
To study time-dependent phenomena of plasma surrounding a non-rotating black hole with a dipolar magnetic field, we have developed a fully set of 3 + 1 formalism of generalized general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic equations. The general relativistic phenomena, in particular, have been investigated with respect to the Ohm law. Magnetofluid is supposed to flow in three directions and forms a thick disc structure around the central black hole. All physical quantities of the system are functions of three variables: radial distance r, polar angle θ, and time t. The radial, meridional, and time behaviours of all these quantities have been investigated. It has been shown that the electrical conductivity of the fluid is not constant and may be both positive and negative depending on the values of some free parameters. The initially purely rotating non-magnetized plasma in the presence of an external magnetic field gives rise to an azimuthal current density and a charge density measured by the comoving observer. This current generates an electromagnetic field inside the disc which has both poloidal and toroidal components. The dipolar magnetic field lines of the central black hole is able to penetrate the plasma disc, due to the presence of a finite resistivity for the plasma. The accreting plasma pushes them outwards and makes them parallel to the rotation axis of the disc in the meridional plane.
The fragility of thin discs in galaxies – II. Thin discs as tracers of the assembly history of galaxies
Authors: Galán-de Anta Pablo M , Capelo Pedro R , Vasiliev Eugene , Dotti Massimo , Sarzi Marc , Corsini Enrico Maria , Morelli Lorenzo 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Thin galactic discs and nuclear stellar discs (NSDs) are fragile structures that can be easily disturbed by merger events. By studying the age of the stellar populations in present-day discs, we can learn about the assembly history of galaxies and place constraints on their past merger events. Following on the steps of our initial work, we explore the fragility of such disc structures in intermediate-mass-ratio dry encounters using the previously constructed N-body model of the Fornax galaxy NGC 1381 (FCC 170), which hosts both a thin galactic disc and an NSD. We dismiss major and minor encounters, as the former were previously shown to easily destroy thin-disc structures, whereas the latter take several Hubble times to complete in the specific case of FCC 170. The kinematics and structure of the thin galactic disc are dramatically altered by the mergers, whereas the NSD shows a remarkable resilience, exhibiting only a smooth increase of its size when compared to the model evolved in isolation. Our results suggest that thin galactic discs are better tracers for intermediate-mass-ratio mergers, while NSDs may be more useful for major encounters. Based on our simulations and previous analysis of the stellar populations, we concluded that FCC 170 has not experienced any intermediate-mass-ratio dry encounters for at least ∼10 Gyr, as indicated by the age of its thin-disc stellar populations.
Association of urine and plasma ADMA with atherosclerotic risk in DKD cardiovascular disease risk in diabetic kidney disease: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study
Authors: Schrauben Sarah J , Sapa Hima , Xie Dawei , Zhang Xiaoming , Anderson Amanda Hyre , Shlipak Michael G , Hsu Chi-yuan , Shafi Tariq , Mehta Rupal , Bhat Zeenat , Brown Julie , Charleston Jeanne , Chen Jing , He Jiang , Ix Joachim H , Rao Pandurango , Townsend Ray , Kimmel Paul L , Vasan Ramachandran S , Feldman Harold I , Seegmiller Jesse C , Brunengraber Henri , Hostetter Thomas H , Schelling Jeffrey R ,   the CKD Biomarkers Consortium and the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Investigators, Appel Lawrence J , Go Alan S , Lash James P , Chen Jing , Nelson Robert G , Rahman Mahboob , Shah Vallabh O , Cohen Debbie L , Unruh Mark L 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, especially among those with diabetes. Altered metabolism of solutes that accumulate in CKD [asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)] may reflect pathways linking CKD with ASCVD.

Methods
This case–cohort study included Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort participants with baseline diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2, and without prior history for each outcome. The primary outcome was incident ASCVD (time to first myocardial infarction, stroke or peripheral artery disease event) and secondary outcome was incident heart failure. The subcohort comprised randomly selected participants meeting entry criteria. Plasma and urine ADMA, SDMA and TMAO concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Associations of uremic solute plasma concentrations and urinary fractional excretions with outcomes were evaluated by weighted multivariable Cox regression models, adjusted for confounding covariables.

Results
Higher plasma ADMA concentrations (per standard deviation) were associated with ASCVD risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.68]. Lower fractional excretion of ADMA (per standard deviation) was associated with ASCVD risk (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07–1.89). The lowest quartile of ADMA fractional excretion was associated with greater ASCVD risk (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.08–4.69) compared with the highest quartile. Plasma SDMA and TMAO concentration and fractional excretion were not associated with ASCVD. Neither plasma nor fractional excretion of ADMA, SDMA and TMAO were associated with incident heart failure.

Conclusion
These data suggest that decreased kidney excretion of ADMA leads to increased plasma concentrations and ASCVD risk.
Molecular Identification of UDP-Sugar-Dependent Glycosyltransferase and Acyltransferase Involved in the Phenylethanoid Glycoside Biosynthesis Induced by Methyl Jasmonate in Sesamum indicum L.
Authors: Fuji Yushiro , Uchida Kai , Akashi Tomoyoshi , Ohtsuki Takashi , Matsufuji Hiroshi , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) plants contain large amounts of acteoside, a typical phenylethanoid glycoside (PhG) that exhibits various pharmacological activities. Although there is increasing interest in the biosynthesis of PhGs for improved production, the pathway remains to be clarified. In this study, we established sesame-cultured cells and performed transcriptome analysis of methyl jasmonate (MeJA)–treated cultured cells to identify enzyme genes responsible for glucosylation and acylation in acteoside biosynthesis. Among the genes annotated as UDP-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferase (UGT) and acyltransferase (AT), 34 genes and one gene, respectively, were upregulated by MeJA in accordance with acteoside accumulation. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, five UGT genes (SiUGT1–5) and one AT gene (SiAT1) were selected as candidate genes involved in acteoside biosynthesis. Additionally, two AT genes (SiAT2–3) were selected based on sequence identity. Enzyme assays using recombinant SiUGT proteins revealed that SiUGT1, namely, UGT85AF10, had the highest glucosyltransferase activity among the five candidates against hydroxytyrosol to produce hydroxytyrosol 1-O-glucoside. SiUGT1 also exhibited glucosyltransferase activity against tyrosol to produce salidroside (tyrosol 1-O-glucoside). SiUGT2, namely, UGT85AF11, had similar activity against hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Enzyme assay using the recombinant SiATs indicated that SiAT1 and SiAT2 had activity transferring the caffeoyl group to hydroxytyrosol 1-O-glucoside and salidroside (tyrosol 1-O-glucoside) but not to decaffeoyl-acteoside. The caffeoyl group was attached mainly at the 4-position of glucose of hydroxytyrosol 1-O-glucoside, followed by attachment at the 6-position and the 3-position of glucose. Based on our results, we propose an acteoside biosynthetic pathway induced by MeJA treatment in sesame.
The Slaughter of the Bison and Reversal of Fortunes on the Great Plains
Authors: Feir Donn L , Gillezeau Rob , Jones Maggie E C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In the late nineteenth century, the North American bison was brought to the brink of extinction in less than two decades. We demonstrate that the loss of the bison had immediate, negative consequences for the Native Americans who relied on them and ultimately resulted in a persistent reversal of fortunes. Once amongst the tallest people in the world, the generations of bison-reliant people born after the slaughter lost their entire height advantage. By the early twentieth century, child mortality was 16 percentage points higher and the probability of reporting an occupation 19 percentage points lower in bison nations compared with nations that were never reliant on the bison. Throughout the latter half of the twentieth century and into the present, income per capita has remained 25% lower, on average, for bison nations. This persistent gap cannot be explained by differences in agricultural productivity, self-governance, or application of the Dawes Act. We provide evidence that this historical shock altered the dynamic path of development for formerly bison-reliant nations. We demonstrate that limited access to credit constrained the ability of bison nations to adjust through re-specialization and migration.
Health Research Collaborations by Academic Entities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sbaity Eman , Zahwe Mariam , Helou Vanessa , Bahsoun Reem , Hassan Zeina , Abi Khalil Pamela , Akl Elie A. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
To review the literature on health research collaborations by academic entities and to identify the main phases, components, and concepts of these research collaborations.

Method
The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature, searching 4 databases in March 2022 for studies on health research collaboration between an academic entity (individual, group, or institution) and any other entity included. They excluded non–health-related studies and studies in which collaboration was not for the purpose of research. From included studies, reviewers abstracted data about the 4 main phases of research collaborations (initiation, conduct, monitoring, and evaluation) and synthesized their corresponding components and concepts using thematic analysis method.

Results
A total of 59 studies met inclusion criteria. These studies described building research collaborations between an academic entity and other academic entities (n = 29; 49%), communities (n = 28; 47%), industry (n = 7; 12%), and/or governmental entities (n = 4; 7%). Of the 59 studies, 22 addressed 2 phases of collaboration, 20 addressed 3 phases, and 17 addressed all 4 phases. All included studies described at least 1 of the components relevant to the initiation phase and at least 1 relevant to the conduct phase. Team structure was the most common component discussed in relation to the initiation phase (n = 48; 81%), and team dynamics was the most common component discussed in relation to the conduct phase (n = 55; 93%). At least 1 of the components relevant to the monitoring phase was reported in 36 studies, and at least 1 component relevant to the evaluation phase was reported in 28 studies.

Conclusions
This review provides important information for groups aiming to engage in collaborative research. The synthesized list of collaboration phases and their components can serve as a road map for collaborators at different steps of their research.