bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A focus on sex differences in drowning deaths in Australia: the need for reporting on sex and gender in drowning research
Authors: Roberts Kym , Thom Ogilvie , Devine Susan , Leggat Peter A. , Franklin Richard C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
An evidence gap exists on sex and gender differences in drowning with previous research neglecting females. Drowning studies have largely focused on accidental drowning and submersion, excluding other classifications such as intentional, water transport-related, and undetermined drowning. This study examined all external causes of drowning deaths over a 13-year period in Australia disaggregated by sex. Drowning deaths were compared by sex with drowning classification, year, month, age, place of death, Indigenous status, socioeconomic, and visitor status.

Subject and methods
This retrospective total population study included all females and males who died from drowning in Australia from 2006 to 2019. Data was extracted from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Cause of Death Unit Record Files. Australian population data were extracted to calculate the crude death rate and relative risk for drowning.

Results
There were 4007 drowning deaths recorded, and females represented 25.2% of drowning fatalities. Females were less likely than males to drown, including by drowning classification, year, month, state, remoteness and visitor status, age, socioeconomic, and Indigenous status. The highest proportion of female drowning deaths were from intentional drowning, fall into swimming pools, and in natural water. Drowning deaths among females increased as age increased.

Conclusion
There is a clear need for improved disaggregation of sex and gender in drowning research. Without the detailed exploration of females in drowning statistics there will be limited knowledge translation specific to females. The development of drowning prevention strategies targeted to females is required to reduce the incidence and risk of drowning.
Valuing the information hidden in true long-term data for invasion science
Authors: Haubrock Phillip J. , Soto Ismael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvasive species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity and human well-being. Despite the widespread use of long-term biomonitoring data in many natural science fields, the analysis of long-term time series with a focus on biological invasions is uncommon. To address this gap, we used twenty macroinvertebrate time series from the highly anthropogenically altered Rhine River, collected over 32 years from 1973 to 2005. We examined the adequacy of the data in capturing non-native species trends over time and explored trends in alpha, beta, and gamma diversity of non-native species with several climatic and site-specific predictors. Our findings revealed that the data adequately captured a saturating non-native species richness over time. Additionally, we observed an increase in both alpha and gamma diversity of both native and non-native species over time, with a recent dip in trends. Beta diversity trends were more complicated, but eventually increased, contrasting trends in native species beta diversity. Our applied models indicate that in this highly altered ecosystem, climatic shifts were insignificant, while time was the primarily driving factor. Proximity to anthropogenic structures and the distance to the outlet were the only site-specific predictors facilitating non-native species diversity. These findings highlight the value and importance of long-term time series for the study of invasive species, particularly long-term invasion dynamics and once again underline that naturality of ecosystems precede the effect of climate change.
Differences in Canopy Cover Estimations from ALS Data and Their Effect on Fire Prediction
Authors: Taneja Ritu , Wallace Luke , Reinke Karin , Hilton James , Jones Simon 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCanopy cover is a primary attribute used in empirical wildfire models for certain fuel types. Accurate estimation of canopy cover is a key to ensuring accurate prediction of fire spread and behaviour in these fuels. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a promising active remote sensing technology for estimating canopy cover in natural ecosystems since it can penetrate and measure the vegetation canopy. Various methods have been developed to estimate canopy cover from ALS data. However, little attention has been given to the evaluation of algorithms used to calculate canopy cover and the subsequent influence these algorithms can have on wildfire behaviour models. In this study we evaluate the effect of using different algorithms to calculate canopy cover on the performance of the Australian Mallee-heath fire spread model. ALS data was used to derive five canopy cover models. Fire spread metrics including burned area, unburned area within the fire extent, and extent of fire were compared for different model run times. The results show that these metrics are strongly influenced by choice of algorithm used to calculate canopy cover. The results from this study may provide practical guidance for the optimal selection of estimation methods in canopy cover mapping.
Organizational Learning from Cybersecurity Performance: Effects on Cybersecurity Investment Decisions
Authors: Shaikh Faheem Ahmed , Siponen Mikko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIS literature has identified various economic, performance, and environmental factors affecting cybersecurity investment decisions. However, economic modeling approaches dominate, and research on cybersecurity performance as an antecedent to investments has taken a backseat. Neglecting the role of performance indicators ignores real-world concerns driving actual cybersecurity investment decision-making. We investigate two critical aspects of cybersecurity performance: breach costs and breach identification source, as antecedents to cybersecurity investment decisions. We use organizational learning to theorize how performance feedback from these two aspects of cybersecurity breaches influences subsequent investment decisions. Using firm-level data on 722 firms in the UK, we find that higher breach costs are more likely to elicit increases in cybersecurity investments. This relationship is further strengthened if a third party identifies the breach instead of the focal firm. We contribute to the literature on cybersecurity investments and incident response. The findings stress the need for firms to analyze aspects of their cybersecurity performance and use them as feedback for investment decisions, making these decisions data-driven and based on firm-specific needs.
Design of an elevated pressure electrochemical flow cell for CO2 reduction
Authors: Morrison Andrew R. T. , Girichandran Nandalal , Wols Quincy , Kortlever Ruud 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been proposed as a sustainable way of closing the carbon cycle while synthesizing useful commodity chemicals. One of the possible routes to scale up the process is the elevated pressure CO2RR, as this increases the concentration of the poorly soluble CO2 in aqueous systems. Yet, there are not many studies that focus on this route owing to the inherent challenges with high pressure systems. In this study, a novel high pressure flow cell setup has been designed and validated. The modular design uses a clamp system, which facilitates simple stacking of multiple cell parts while being capable of handling pressures up to 50 bar. The effects of CO2 pressure on the reaction were investigated on a gold (Au) foil cathode in a 0.1 M KHCO3 electrolyte. We successfully measured gaseous products produced during high pressure operation using an inline gas chromatograph. We find that the selectivity toward CO2 reduction products is enhanced while that of H2 evolution is suppressed as the pressure is increased from 2 to 30 bar. The reported setup provides a robust means to conduct high pressure electrolysis experiments in an easy and safe manner, making this technology more accessible to the electrochemical CO2RR community.

Graphical abstract
A novel application of acrylic resin UV-Curing methodology for radioactive surface decontamination
Authors: Kaushal Simran , Oommen Sibi , Malapure Sumeet Suresh , Bhushan Shivanand 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA unique UV-Curing method is provided for decontamination of radioisotopes on the surfaces which has radiation dealing facilities. In this method acrylic UV-Curing resin was poured on a contaminated simulated surface followed by UV irradiation. The resin interacted with the contaminated surface and after polymerization, the solidified resin was then stripped off, leaving behind a clean surface. The present study is the proof-of-concept of a novel application of acrylic resin UV-Curing methodology for Radioactive surface contamination removal to create a economical clean, effective and safe environment with minimal waste generation post processing ready for environment friendly incineration.
Metabentonite and metakaolin-based geopolymers/zeolites: relation between kind of clay, calcination temperature and concentration of alkaline activator
Authors: Slaný Michal , Kuzielová Eva , Žemlička Matúš , Matejdes Marián , Struhárová Alena , Palou Martin T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the composition and properties of two different activated calcinated clays were investigated under selected curing conditions. The tendency of metabentonite and metakaoline to form geopolymers and zeolites was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DSC techniques, PXRD, HT-PXRD, SEM, and BET-N2 adsorption analyses. The selection of the optimal sample compositions was done on a basis of preliminary results obtained from bentonite and kaolin clays activated at calcination temperatures (700, 750, 800 °C) with a holding time of 3 h in a combination with different NaOH concentrations (5, 10, 20 mass%). In a more detailed examination, the samples calcined at a temperature of 800 °C with different NaOH concentrations were studied. For metakaolin-based samples, dominant geopolymer formation was achieved using 5 mass% NaOH. The zeolite amount increased concomitantly with the concentration of the alkali activator, whereas zeolite A and zeolite P were determined as the predominant phases. For metabentonite-based samples, 10 mass% NaOH concentration was found to be optimal by the means of geopolymer formation. At higher alkaline activator concentrations, the presence of zeolitic phases faujasite and gobbinsite was confirmed. However, the determined degree of crystallinity was significantly lower than in the corresponding activated metakaolin samples. With a gradual increase in NaOH concentration, the specific surface area of the metabentonite-based samples increased reaching a value of 218.95 m2 g−1 promising for adsorption applications. The opposite effect was observed for the metakaolin-based samples, and this result is caused by the increased formation of zeolite phases and corresponding changes in their channel dimensions.
Remembering less, or needing less? Age-related differences in the purchase funnel
Authors: Mecredy Philip , Wright Malcolm , Feetham Pamela , Stern Philip 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explores how age influences the stages of the brand purchase funnel (awareness, consideration, and purchase) and the mechanisms associated with any age-related differences. Aggregated analysis of survey data (n = 1862) across five markets and four age groups shows a reduction in the proportion of brands recognised that subsequently enter the consideration and purchase sets of older consumers. Subsequent individual-level GLS regression analysis using age as a continuous variable reveals an inverse-U shape for brand recognition and in some cases for brand recall and consideration. Peak cognitive performance occurs at age 56. There is a linear decline for purchase set size across age. Therefore, age-related differences in brand awareness and consideration, and the mechanisms driving these changes, do not greatly impact age-related increases in loyalty. Instead, findings suggest age-related increases in loyalty result from a combination of accumulated experience, development of purchase habits, and declining category purchase rates.
“Why Call It Equality?” Revisited: An Extended Critique of the EIGE Gender Equality Index
Authors: Schmid Caitlin B. , Elliot Mark 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we review the methodology of one of the most comprehensive indices of gender equality, the Gender Equality Index by the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE). Building on Permanyer’s (J Eur Soc Policy, 25(4):414–430, 2015) critical analysis, we offer an extended critique of the EIGE’s current methodology, focusing on four interrelated issues: (a) the lack of transparency around the methodological decisions and the concomitant implicit theorising, (b) the continuing over-contribution of the ‘correcting coefficient’ to the index such that it predominantly captures achievement levels rather than gender gaps, (c) problems with the verification process and use of Principal Component Analysis, (d) issues arising from the aggregation and weighting of index components. Our analysis shows that in addition to the use of the correcting coefficient, other methodological choices (such as the use of ratios and geometric means) result in an unjustified penalisation of lower-GDP countries, reinforcing biased assumptions about gender equality progress in more affluent countries vis-á-vis lower-GDP countries in the sample. We call for greater transparency around theory, method and the relationship between the two while also proposing methodological improvements. These changes would bring the EIGE index closer to fulfilling its undoubted potential to provide a nuanced understanding of gender equality levels in the European Union and effectively inform policy development toward social change.
Spicy, tall, and metalinguistic negotiations
Authors: Odrowąż-Sypniewska Joanna 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper I argue that metalinguistic negotiations are not as common as David Plunkett and Timothy Sundell assume. They make two related controversial claims: the claim that speakers don’t know what they say and the claim that they directly communicate metalinguistic contents. These two claims generate two challenges that the metalinguistic-negotiation view should meet. Firstly, it should clarify why speakers are oblivious to what they are saying and communicating, and secondly, it should explain the mechanism that transforms what seems like a typical object-language disagreement into a metalinguistic dispute. I argue that the way in which Plunkett and Sundell meet these challenges is unsatisfactory. Regarding their answer to the first challenge, I’ll argue that the theoretical cost of postulating massive semantic and pragmatic blindness in otherwise competent speakers is too high. Regarding what they say in relation to the second challenge, I’ll claim that metalinguistic contents can only be conveyed when speakers uttering apparently contradicting claims know that they are using terms with different meanings. If my arguments are correct, then metalinguistic negotiations are certainly not ubiquitous.
Oxidative Stress and Immunopathological Alterations of Clarias gariepinus Exposed to Monocyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (BTX)
Authors: Sayed Alaa El-Din H. , Soliman Hamdy A. M. , Idriss Shaimaa K. , Abdel-Ghaffar Sary Kh. , Hussein Asmaa A. A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study’s goal was to assess the catfish’s response to exposure to monoaromatic petroleum hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, and xylene) and its recovery after exposure using oxidative stress, histopathological, and immunological changes as biomarkers. Four groups: one as control and other three exposed to benzene (0.762 ng/L), toluene (26.614 ng/L), and xylene (89.403 ng/L), respectively, for 30 days and then recovery period for 30 days. The levels of the cortisol, lipid peroxidation, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) increased significantly (p < 0.05) after exposure to benzene and xylene compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and acetylcholinstease (Ach) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in fishes exposed to benzene only compared to control group. While glutathione-S-transferase (GST) did not show any change in different treatment groups compared to control group. The histopathological signs of liver exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene displayed aggregation of melanomacrophages, congestion of sinusoids, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes, necrotic area with inflammatory cell infiltration, and thrombus of central vein. Kidney exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene showed dilatation of Bowman’s space with atrophy of glomerular tuft, lyses of RBCs with mononuclear cell infiltration, multifocal area of hemopoietic tissue necrosis, organized thrombus with perivascular hemorrhage, focal inflammatory cellular reaction, renal tubular necrosis, and thrombus of blood vessels. Spleen exposed to benzene, toluene, and xylene showed hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles in white pulp in a mild degree. These lesions appeared to a mild degree or disappeared completely after recovery period to BTX except spleen. In conclusion, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BTX) are hazardous to fish and the toxicity level was as benzene > xylene > toluene even though after recovery period.
Research on smart-locks cybersecurity and vulnerabilities
Authors: Caballero-Gil Cándido , Álvarez Rafael , Hernández-Goya Candelaria , Molina-Gil Jezabel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSmart-locks have become increasingly popular for access to homes and businesses in many countries, because of their ease of use and adaptability. These locks offer a simple and secure alternative to traditional key-based entry, making them an attractive choice for both residential and commercial properties. Nevertheless, it is essential to acknowledge the potential security threats that come with any new technology. The security of smart-locks is particularly critical, as a breach could result in unauthorized entry. Since the smart-locks can connect, there are different ways to check if vulnerabilities can be found easily or on the contrary, if the security level is high. Two of the main ways of checking the security level of this kind of IoT device are the information that can be obtained from the Android application and the security level of the Bluetooth connection. Many vulnerabilities can be found in the Android smart lock management application. This application is very useful to perform all the configurations with such a lock, but if it is not properly implemented and secured, it can provide clues for malicious users to perform unauthorized access to the system. Another security factor is the Bluetooth connection. This ensures that only authorized users have access to the property. In this work, we have analyzed the security level of different parts of smart-locks. In particular, we have analyzed the security of the applications for the most important smart-locks on the market. This study reveals relevant information such as whether the application is obfuscated or not, the encryption algorithm for the Bluetooth connection, or relevant URLs that applications use to connect to the cloud. The security of the Bluetooth connection between the smartphone application and two selected smart-locks was also analyzed. It was demonstrated that if no encryption is used for the Bluetooth connection, the smart-lock is not secure, but if AES encryption is used, the security level is high.
Assessing plastic ingestion in birds of prey from British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Schutten Kerry , Chandrashekar Akshaya , Bourdages Madelaine , Bowes Victoria , Elliott John , Lee Sandi , Redford Tony , Provencher Jennifer , Jardine Claire , Wilson Laurie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since first being introduced for public use in the 1960s, plastic has become one of the most pervasive and ubiquitous forms of pollution globally. The potential fate and effects of plastic pollution on birds is a rapidly growing area of research, but knowledge of terrestrial and freshwater species is limited. Birds of prey have been particularly understudied, with no published data on plastic ingestion in raptors in Canada to date, and very few studies globally. To assess the ingestion of plastic in raptors, we analysed the contents of the upper gastrointestinal tracts from a total of 234 individuals across 15 raptor species, collected between 2013 and 2021. Upper gastrointestinal tracts were assessed for plastics and anthropogenic particles > 2 mm in size. Of the 234 specimens examined, only five individuals across two species had evidence of retained anthropogenic particles in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Two of 33 bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus, 6.1%) had retained plastics in the gizzard, while three of 108 barred owls (Strix varia, 2.8%) had retained plastic and non-plastic anthropogenic litter. The remaining 13 species were negative for particles > 2 mm in size (N = 1–25). These results suggest that most hunting raptor species do not appear to ingest and retain larger anthropogenic particles, though foraging guild and habitat may influence risk. We recommend that future research investigate microplastic accumulation in raptors, in order to gain a more holistic understanding of plastic ingestion in these species. Future work should also focus on increasing sample sizes across all species to improve the ability to assess landscape- and species-level factors that influence vulnerability and susceptibility of plastic pollution ingestion.
The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SCF Cyclin F Promotes Sequestosome-1/p62 Insolubility and Foci Formation and is Dysregulated in ALS and FTD Pathogenesis
Authors: Davidson Jennilee M. , Wu Sharlynn S. L. , Rayner Stephanie L. , Cheng Flora , Duncan Kimberley , Russo Carlo , Newbery Michelle , Ding Kunjie , Scherer Natalie M. , Balez Rachelle , García-Redondo Alberto , Rábano Alberto , Rosa-Fernandes Livia , Ooi Lezanne , Williams Kelly L. , Morsch Marco , Blair Ian P. , Di Ieva Antonio , Yang Shu , Chung Roger S. , Lee Albert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)- and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)-linked mutations in CCNF have been shown to cause dysregulation to protein homeostasis. CCNF encodes for cyclin F, which is part of the cyclin F-E3 ligase complex SCFcyclinF known to ubiquitylate substrates for proteasomal degradation. In this study, we identified a function of cyclin F to regulate substrate solubility and show how cyclin F mechanistically underlies ALS and FTD disease pathogenesis. We demonstrated that ALS and FTD-associated protein sequestosome-1/p62 (p62) was a canonical substrate of cyclin F which was ubiquitylated by the SCFcyclinF complex. We found that SCFcyclin F ubiquitylated p62 at lysine(K)281, and that K281 regulated the propensity of p62 to aggregate. Further, cyclin F expression promoted the aggregation of p62 into the insoluble fraction, which corresponded to an increased number of p62 foci. Notably, ALS and FTD-linked mutant cyclin F p.S621G aberrantly ubiquitylated p62, dysregulated p62 solubility in neuronal-like cells, patient-derived fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cells and dysregulated p62 foci formation. Consistently, motor neurons from patient spinal cord tissue exhibited increased p62 ubiquitylation. We suggest that the p.S621G mutation impairs the functions of cyclin F to promote p62 foci formation and shift p62 into the insoluble fraction, which may be associated to aberrant mutant cyclin F-mediated ubiquitylation of p62. Given that p62 dysregulation is common across the ALS and FTD spectrum, our study provides insights into p62 regulation and demonstrates that ALS and FTD-linked cyclin F mutant p.S621G can drive p62 pathogenesis associated with ALS and FTD.