bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-randomised feasibility study testing a primary care intervention to promote engagement in an online health community for adults with troublesome asthma: protocol
Authors: Karampatakis Georgios Dimitrios , Wood Helen E , Griffiths Chris J , Taylor Stephanie J C , Toffolutti Veronica , Bird Victoria J , Lea Nathan C , Ashcroft Richard E , Day Bill , Coulson Neil S , Panzarasa Pietro , Li Xiancheng , Sheikh Aziz , Relton Clare , Sastry Nishanth , Watson Jane S , Marsh Viv , Mant Jonathan , Mihaylova Borislava , Walker Neil , De Simoni Anna 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionIn the UK, approximately 4.3 million adults have asthma, with one-third experiencing poor asthma control, affecting their quality of life, and increasing their healthcare use. Interventions promoting emotional/behavioural self-management can improve asthma control and reduce comorbidities and mortality. Integration of online peer support into primary care services to foster self-management is a novel strategy. We aim to co-design and evaluate an intervention for primary care clinicians to promote engagement with an asthma online health community (OHC). Our protocol describes a ‘survey leading to a trial’ design as part of a mixed-methods, non-randomised feasibility study to test the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.Methods and analysisAdults on the asthma registers of six London general practices (~3000 patients) will be invited to an online survey, via text messages. The survey will collect data on attitudes towards seeking online peer support, asthma control, anxiety, depression, quality of life, information on the network of people providing support with asthma and demographics. Regression analyses of the survey data will identify correlates/predictors of attitudes/receptiveness towards online peer support. Patients with troublesome asthma, who (in the survey) expressed interest in online peer support, will be invited to receive the intervention, aiming to reach a recruitment target of 50 patients. Intervention will involve a one-off, face-to-face consultation with a practice clinician to introduce online peer support, sign patients up to an established asthma OHC, and encourage OHC engagement. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline and 3 months post intervention and analysed with primary care and OHC engagement data. Recruitment, intervention uptake, retention, collection of outcomes, and OHC engagement will be assessed. Interviews with clinicians and patients will explore experiences of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from a National Health Service Research Ethics Committee (reference: 22/NE/0182). Written consent will be obtained before intervention receipt and interview participation. Findings will be shared via dissemination to general practices, conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration numberNCT05829265.
Advocating uniformity in spine surgery: a practical disease-specific guideline for trial-based economic evaluations
Authors: Schuermans Valérie N E , Droeghaag Ruud , Hermans Sem M M , Smeets Anouk Y J M , Caelers Inge J M H , Hiligsmann Mickaël , van Hemert Wouter L W , Evers Silvia , van Santbrink Henk 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesDespite the availability of general and national guidelines for the conduct and reporting of economic evaluations, there is heterogeneity in economic evolutions concerning spine surgery. This is partly the result of differing levels of adherence to the existing guidelines and the lack of disease-specific recommendations for economic evaluations. The extensive heterogeneity in study design, follow-up duration and outcome measurements limit the comparability of economic evaluations in spine surgery. This study has three objectives: (1) to create disease-specific recommendations for the design and conduct of trial-based economic evaluations in spine surgery, (2) to define recommendations for reporting economic evaluations in spine surgery as a complement to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022 checklist and (3) to discuss methodological challenges and defining the need for future research.DesignA modified Delphi method according to the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.SettingA four-step process was followed to create and validate disease-specific statements and recommendations for the conduct and reporting of trial-based economic evaluations in spine surgery. Consensus was defined as >75% agreement.ParticipantsA total of 20 experts were included in the expert group. Validation of the final recommendations was obtained in a Delphi panel, which consisted of 40 researchers in the field who were not included in the expert group.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure is a set of recommendations for the conduct and reporting, as a complement to the CHEERS 2022 checklist, of economic evaluations in spine surgery.ResultsA total of 31 recommendations are made. The Delphi panel confirmed consensus on all of the recommendations in the proposed guideline.ConclusionThis study provides an accessible and practical guideline for the conduct of trial-based economic evaluations in spine surgery. This disease-specific guideline is a complement to existing guidelines, and should aid in reaching uniformity and comparability.
Comprehensive licensure review and adaptive quizzing assignments for enhancement of end-of-programme exit examination scores in Saudi Arabia: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Almotairy Monir M , Innab Adnan , Alqahtani Naji , Nahari Ahmed , Alghamdi Reem , Moafa Hamza , Alshael Dalal 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveThis study explores the effectiveness of a comprehensive licensure review and adaptive quizzing assignments intervention in improving the performance of undergraduate senior nursing students on the end-of-programme exit exam.DesignA quasi-experimental single-group design was used to compare pretest and post-test scores through computerised adaptive tests.SettingThe setting was a nursing college in Saudi Arabia.ParticipantsThe study included 292 senior nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor of Science in Nursing programme.InterventionA comprehensive licensure review bundled with adaptive quizzing assignments was delivered over 15 weeks in the academic year 2021–2022. The bundle was guided by the elaboration theory, and it included 3-hour synchronous lectures every week and 23 adaptive quizzing assignments that covered weekly content.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStudents’ mastery scores and the percentage of correct answers were the primary and secondary measures, respectively. Both measures were collected in the pretest and post-test (exit examination). Additionally, demographic characteristics were collected in the pre-test using an online survey.ResultsThe overall mean of the mastery score was statistically significantly higher in the exit exam (M=2.51, SD=1.70) than in the pretest (M=1.45, SD=0.44; p<0.001). Although the overall mean of the mastery score in the exit exam did not reach the cut-off score, students who demonstrated the required knowledge and satisfactory performance in the pretest achieved a mastery score above the cut-off. The percentage of correct answers was statistically significantly higher in the exit exam (M=58.59%, SD=9.50) than in the pretest (M=49.32%, SD=9.78; p<0.001). A statistically significant difference in students’ performance based on gender, age and grade point average was observed.ConclusionsA comprehensive licensure review and adaptive quizzing assignments intervention bundle fostered the performance of undergraduate nursing students in the end-of-programme exit exam.
Dysfunctional breathing symptoms, functional impact and quality of life in patients with long COVID-19: a prospective case series
Authors: Genecand Léon , Altarelli Marco , Binkova Alzbeta , Loew Selina , Vaudan Stéphanie , Gex Grégoire , Bridevaux Pierre-Olivier , Frésard Isabelle 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundDysfunctional breathing is increasingly recognised after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the associated symptoms, functional impact and quality of life have not been systematically studied.MethodsThis study describes a prospective case series of 48 patients with dysfunctional breathing based on compatible symptoms and an abnormal breathing pattern during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Patients with underlying disease that could explain these symptoms were excluded. Median time from COVID-19 to evaluation was 212 (IQR 121) days. Self-administered questionnaires, including the Nijmegen questionnaire, Short-Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, modified Medical Research Council scale, post-COVID-19 Functional Scale, and specific long COVID symptoms, were the outcome measures.ResultsOn average, mean V’O2was preserved. Pulmonary function tests were within limits of normality. Hyperventilation, periodic deep sighs/erratic breathing and mixed types of dysfunctional breathing were diagnosed in 20.8%, 47.1% and 33.3% of patients, respectively. After dyspnoea, the five most frequent symptoms using the Nijmegen scale with a cut-off of ≥3 were faster/deeper breathing (75.6%), palpitations (63.8%), sighs (48.7%), unable to breathe deeply (46.3%) and yawning (46.2%). Median Nijmegen and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores were 28 (IQR 20) and 16.5 (IQR 11), respectively. SF-36 scores were lower than the reference value.ConclusionsLong COVID patients with dysfunctional breathing have a high burden of symptoms, functional impact and a low quality of life, despite no or negligible organic damage.
Fluid biomarkers and neuroimaging in mild traumatic brain injury: current uses and potential future directions for clinical use in emergency medicine
Authors: Newcombe Virginia , Richter Sophie , Whitehouse Daniel P , Bloom Benjamin Michael , Lecky Fiona 
Published: July 2023

Mild traumatic brain injury is a common presentation to the emergency department, with current management often focusing on determining whether a patient requires a CT head scan and/or neurosurgical intervention. There is a growing appreciation that approximately 20%–40% of patients, including those with a negative (normal) CT, will develop ongoing symptoms for months to years, often termed post-concussion syndrome. Owing to the requirement for improved diagnostic and prognostic mechanisms, there has been increasing evidence concerning the utility of both imaging and blood biomarkers.Blood biomarkers offer the potential to better risk stratify patients for requirement of neuroimaging than current clinical decisions rules. However, improved assessment of the clinical utility is required prior to wide adoption. MRI, using clinical sequences and advanced quantitative methods, can detect lesions not visible on CT in up to 30% of patients that may explain, at least in part, some of the ongoing problems. The ability of an acute biomarker (be it imaging, blood or other) to highlight those patients at greater risk of ongoing deficits would allow for greater personalisation of follow-up care and resource allocation.We discuss here both the current evidence and the future potential clinical usage of blood biomarkers and advanced MRI to improve diagnostic pathways and outcome prediction following mild traumatic brain injury.
Machine learning for prediction of immunotherapeutic outcome in non-small-cell lung cancer based on circulating cytokine signatures
Authors: Wei Feifei , Azuma Koichi , Nakahara Yoshiro , Saito Haruhiro , Matsuo Norikazu , Tagami Tomoyuki , Kouro Taku , Igarashi Yuka , Tokito Takaaki , Kato Terufumi , Kondo Tetsuro , Murakami Shuji , Usui Ryo , Himuro Hidetomo , Horaguchi Shun , Tsuji Kayoko , Murotani Kenta , Ban Tatsuma , Tamura Tomohiko , Miyagi Yohei , Sasada Tetsuro 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has substantially improved the overall survival (OS) in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its response rate is still modest. In this study, we developed a machine learning-based platform, namely the Cytokine-based ICI Response Index (CIRI), to predict the ICI response of patients with NSCLC based on the peripheral blood cytokine profiles.MethodsWe enrolled 123 and 99 patients with NSCLC who received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy or combined chemotherapy in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The plasma concentrations of 93 cytokines were examined in the peripheral blood obtained from patients at baseline (pre) and 6 weeks after treatment (early during treatment: edt). Ensemble learning random survival forest classifiers were developed to select feature cytokines and predict the OS of patients undergoing ICI therapy.ResultsFourteen and 19 cytokines at baseline and on treatment, respectively, were selected to generate CIRI models (namely preCIRI14 and edtCIRI19), both of which successfully identified patients with worse OS in two completely independent cohorts. At the population level, the prediction accuracies of preCIRI14 and edtCIRI19, as indicated by the concordance indices (C-indices), were 0.700 and 0.751 in the validation cohort, respectively. At the individual level, patients with higher CIRI scores demonstrated worse OS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.274 and 0.163, and p<0.0001 and p=0.0044 in preCIRI14 and edtCIRI19, respectively]. By including other circulating and clinical features, improved prediction efficacy was observed in advanced models (preCIRI21 and edtCIRI27). The C-indices in the validation cohort were 0.764 and 0.757, respectively, whereas the HRs of preCIRI21 and edtCIRI27 were 0.141 (p<0.0001) and 0.158 (p=0.038), respectively.ConclusionsThe CIRI model is highly accurate and reproducible in determining the patients with NSCLC who would benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy with prolonged OS and may aid in clinical decision-making before and/or at the early stage of treatment.
Uncovering neuroanatomical correlates of impaired coordinated movement after pallidal deep brain stimulation
Authors: Santyr Brendan , Loh Aaron , Vetkas Artur , Gwun Dave , Fung Wilson KW , Qazi Shakeel , Germann Jurgen , Boutet Alexandre , Sarica Can , Yang Andrew , Elias Gavin , Kalia Suneil K , Fasano Alfonso , Lozano Andres M 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe loss of the ability to swim following deep brain stimulation (DBS), although rare, poses a worrisome risk of drowning. It is unclear what anatomic substrate and neural circuitry underlie this phenomenon. We report a case of cervical dystonia with lost ability to swim and dance during active stimulation of globus pallidus internus. We investigated the anatomical underpinning of this phenomenon using unique functional and structural imaging analysis.MethodsTesla (3T) functional MRI (fMRI) of the patient was used during active DBS and compared with a cohort of four matched patients without this side effect. Structural connectivity mapping was used to identify brain network engagement by stimulation.ResultsfMRI during stimulation revealed significant (Pbonferroni<0.0001) stimulation-evoked responses (DBS ON<OFF) in the supplementary motor area (SMA). Probabilistic tractography revealed that the patient’s VTAs engaged streamlines projecting to SMA. Compared with a cohort of matched controls, the stimulation-dependent change in blood oxygen level-dependent response at the SMA was 2.18 SD below the mean.ConclusionsThese stimulation-induced impairments are likely a manifestation of a broader deficit in interlimb coordination mediated by stimulation effects on the SMA. This neuroanatomical underpinning can help inform future patient-specific stimulation and targeting.
Transitioning from intrathecal bupivacaine to mepivacaine for same-day discharge total joint arthroplasty: a quality improvement study
Authors: Coleman Peter W , Underriner Tyler C , Kennerley Victoria M , Marshall Kyle D 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionSame-day discharge total knee and hip arthroplasty is becoming more common. Anesthetic approaches that optimize readiness for discharge are important. Based on an institutional change from low-dose bupivacaine to mepivacaine, we aimed to assess the impact on postanesthesia care unit (PACU) recovery in a quaternary care, academic medical center.MethodsIn this quality improvement retrospective study, a single surgeon performed 96 combined total knee and hip arthroplasties booked as same-day discharge from September 20, 2021 to December 20, 2021. Starting on November 15, 2021 the subarachnoid block was performed with isobaric mepivacaine 37.5–45 mg instead of hyperbaric bupivacaine 9–10.5 mg. We compare these cohorts for time to discharge from PACU, perioperative oral morphine milligram equivalent (OMME) administration, PACU pain scores, conversion to general anesthesia (GA), and overnight admission.ResultsWe found the use of isobaric mepivacaine as compared with hyperbaric bupivacaine for intrathecal block in same-day discharge total joint arthroplasty was associated with decreased length of PACU stay at our academic center (median 4.03 vs 5.33 hours; p=0.008), increased perioperative OMME (mean 22.5 vs 11.4 mg; p<0.001), increased PACU pain scores (mean 6.29 vs 3.41; p<0.01) and no difference in conversion to GA or overnight admission.ConclusionsIntrathecal mepivacaine was associated with increased perioperative OMME consumption and PACU pain scores, but still realized a decreased PACU length of stay.
Dural sinus septum: an underlying cause of cerebral venous sinus stenting failure and complications
Authors: Zhao Yangang , Zhang Xiaolan , Lv Bin , Wang Jun , Liu Xinfeng , Du Zhihua , Cui Fang , Li Baoming , Chen Xing , Cao Xiangyu 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesThe presence of dural sinus septum has long been identified anatomically but is often neglected for its clinical significance. Our findings revealed the association of dural sinus septum with venous sinus stenting failure and complications supported by clinical evidence.MethodsThis retrospective study included 185 consecutive patients treated with cerebral venous sinus stenting from January 2009 to May 2022. We identified the dural sinus septa using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and classified them into three types based on their location. The septa at the transverse sinus were defined as type I, those at the junction between the transverse sinus and sigmoid sinus were defined as type II and those at the sigmoid sinus were defined as type III. Based on the anatomic features and neuroimaging clues, we investigated the correlation of dural sinus septa with stenting failure and complications.Results32 (17.1%) out of 185 patients (121 with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and 64 with venous pulsatile tinnitus) were identified with dural sinus septa by DSA. More than half of the septa were type I (18/32, 56.2%), followed by type II (11/32, 34.4%) and type III (3/32, 9.4%). The dural sinus septa caused three stenting failures and complications, including one case of venous sinus injury with subdural haemorrhage and two cases of incomplete stent expansion. Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of dural sinus septum (p<0.01) was associated with complications of cerebral venous sinus stenting.DiscussionThe dural sinus septum is a common structure in the cerebral venous sinus. We found that the presence of dural sinus septa introduces uncertainties to cerebral venous sinus stenting and suggested precautions and ingenious skills in imaging and treatment.
Effects of cigarette price and packaging on hypothetical quit-smoking behaviour: a discrete choice experiment among Vietnamese adults who smoke
Authors: Czaplicki Lauren , Barker Hannah E , Welding Kevin , Islam Farahnaz , Dao Son , Ba Chan Nhu Huynh , Cohen Joanna E 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
Raising cigarette prices, increasing graphic health warning label (HWL) coverage and requiring plain packaging could reduce cigarette smoking in Vietnam. This discrete choice experiment estimates the potential impact of these policies on smoking behaviour.

Methods

In February–May 2022, we conducted a phone-based, cross-sectional survey of 1494 Vietnamese adults who smoke. Participants were randomly assigned to view four individual cigarette pack images, varied on price (15 000 (
reference group
); 20 000; 30 000 or 40 000 Vietnamese dong (VND)) and packaging (branded pack with 50% graphic HWL (
reference group
); branded pack with 85% graphic HWL; plain pack with 50% graphic HWL or branded pack without HWL). Participants responded if they would quit or continue smoking if they could only purchase the pack shown. We used binomial logistic regressions to estimate the relative risk (RR) of price and packaging on hypothetical quitting.

Results
Participants were more likely to report they would quit when presented with 30 000 VND (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.35) and 40 000 VND packs (RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.58) vs the 15 000 VND pack. Participants were also more likely to report they would quit when shown the branded pack with 85% HWL (RR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.42) and plain pack with 50% HWL (RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.49) vs the branded pack with 50% HWL coverage. Participants had significantly lower quit likelihood (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.48) when shown the branded pack without a HWL.

Conclusions
Results suggest raising cigarette prices to at least 30 000 VND, implementing larger graphic HWLs or plain packaging could decrease smoking rates in Vietnam.
Stellar anisotropic cluster in ƒ(ℛ, 𝔾) gravity
Authors: Ajmal M. , Bhatti M.Z. 
Published: July 2023

We investigate a few models with various physical elements that could lead to the appearance of celestial bodies with different curvature systems within the background of [Formula: see text] gravity, where [Formula: see text] represents the Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text] stands for the Gauss–Bonnet curvatures. After formulating [Formula: see text] field equations in the setting of anisotropic fluid configuration, along with specific metric coefficients, the observational data of HerX − 1, 4 U1820 − 30, VeLAX − 1, SAXJ1808.4 − 3068, CenX − 3, and PSRJ16142230 are used. Three different gravity models are used to analyze their impact on mathematical modeling. Several physical factors have been illuminated, including energy density, pressure evolutions, energy conditions, stability analysis, the measurement equation of state parameters, matter content, etc. To access the substance of our model, we observed a number of physical factors, and it was discovered that our system does not contain any singularities.
Temporal vs spatial conservation and memory effect in electrodynamics
Authors: Taghiloo V. , Vahidinia M. H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider the standard Maxwell’s theory in $$1+3$$

1
+
3

dimensions in the presence of a timelike boundary. In this context, we show that (generalized) Ampere-Maxwell’s charge appears as a Noether charge associated with the Maxwell U(1) gauge symmetry which satisfies a spatial conservation equation. Furthermore, we also introduce the notion of spatial memory field and its corresponding memory effect. Finally, similar to the temporal case through the lens of Strominger’s triangle proposal, we show how spatial memory and conservation are related.
Triad’s consonance and dissonance: a detailed analysis of compactness models
Authors: Masina Isabella 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTheories of consonance and dissonance based on the “compactness” approach include the two sub-categories of periodicity and harmonicity. In a previous work, we discussed the related consonance and dissonance indicators for dyads; as they are given by discontinuous functions of the dyad frequency ratio, we proposed a method to extend them to the continuum, based on the auditory discrimination limen. Here, we generalize the compactness indicators to describe the consonance and dissonance for triads and discuss their extension to the continuum. We compare our model predictions with perceptual data from a recent psychoacoustic test by means of a Chi-square analysis. The result is that compactness indicators provide a quite effective, but not fully satisfactory, description of consonance, and dissonance for triads.