bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of porous carbon nanowires for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xu Yuelong , Wang Shasha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen for clean energy resources has attracted more and more attention, and water splitting for hydrogen production also has been widely studied. Electrocatalysis water splitting is considered the most efficient method for hydrogen production. In this work, we prepared a metal-free porous carbon nanowires catalyst with an electrostatic spinning method using granular poly styrol as the precursor and zinc chloride as the activating agent for forming a porous structure. The obtained catalysts exhibited a plentiful porous structure and an SSA value, which is beneficial for catalyzing hydrogen evolution reactions. The SSA is up to 329 m2 g−1, and the OP value at 10 mA·cm−2 is 386 mV. The materials presented good stability for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Study on the Influence of Strengthening Grinding Process on the Surface Integrity of 30CrMnSiA
Authors: Chen Xiujie , Liu Zhaoyang , Mai Tiannan , Liu Jiawei , Liang Biyu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
30CrMnSiA, as a high-strength steel with excellent toughness and superior hardenability, was extensively used in the aerospace industry. At the same time, its lower surface hardness limits its application in impact and vibration environments. The surface of 30CrMnSiA was enhanced using the strengthening grinding process (SGP) technique in this work. The influence of SGP jet pressure on the surface integrity of 30CrMnSiA steel was studied, such as morphology, microstructure, roughness, and hardness. The study indicated that 30CrMnSiA samples treated by SGP reduced surface flatness, primarily due to the formation of plenty of irregular micro-pits by SGP. The greater the jet pressure leads to the more acute surface height fluctuation and the larger surface roughness. Furthermore, SGP notably enhanced the surface hardness and induced the formation of a strengthened layer. This improvement can be attributed to promoting martensite content and grain refinement within the surface layer structure facilitated by the SGP. The harder the surface hardness with the finer grain size, the thicker the strengthening layer with higher jet pressure.
The Microstructure and Properties of Ni60 cladding layer by Laser Cladding on TC4 Alloy Surface
Authors: Wang Fei , Li Xiao , Peng Jiahui , Liu Zengzhi , Feng Xinyi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Laser cladding was used to prepare a Ni60 cladding layer on the surface of TC4 alloy to enhance its hardness and wear resistance. Single-factor experiments were conducted to compare the effects of laser power, powder feeding speed, and scanning speed on the morphology, dilution rate, and microhardness of the Ni60 cladding layer. Based on fewer cracks, high hardness, and moderate dilution rate, the optimum parameters were determined. According to the results, when the laser power was 1000 W, powder feeding rate was 1.8 r/min, and scanning speed was 6 mm/s, the Ni60 cladding layer was crack-free, bonded to the TC4 substrate by metallurgical means, with a columnar and equiaxed crystalline microstructure, consisting of γ-Ni, Cr3C2, TiC, TiNi, Cr3Ni12 phases, etc. Compared to the TC4 substrate, the Ni60 cladding layer is about 2.30 times harder with an average microhardness of 836.71 HV1. Ni60 cladding layer and TC4 substrate had friction coefficients of 0.39 and 0.63, the weight loss was 21 mg and 115 mg, and the wear mechanisms were abrasive wear and adhesive wear, respectively. According to the results, the Ni60 cladding layer effectively enhances the TC4 substrate’s microhardness and wear resistance.
Surface Quality and Microstructure of Welded Joint of 12Cr1MoV Steel by Ultrasonic Peening
Authors: Zhou HongYang , Hou XingLong , Liu Xin , Jiang Tao , Zhang ZhaoLiang , Yang Bahu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Ferrite heat-resistant steel 12Cr1MoV is extensively used for structural applications in thermal power plants due to its good strength, weldability and long-term stability. The components often undergo fatigue loading, which leads to premature failure. In most cases, fatigue cracks usually initiate from the surfaces of structural components. Hence, surface strengthening treatment is a necessary procedure to improve fatigue performance. In general, ultrasonic peening is treated as an important means of improving fatigue properties. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic peening on the microstructure evolution of 12Cr1MoV steel in service was investigated. Work hardened layer and plastic deformation layer with nanocrystals were generated in the 12Cr1MoV surface after ultrasonic peening treatment. The nanocrystallization process of grains was deeply discussed. The variation of fatigue notch coefficient under different ultrasonic peening parameters was analyzed in detail. The results show that ultrasonic peening can optimize the geometry of the weld toe and reduce the fatigue notch coefficient. In addition, after the UIT1 parameter treatment, the depth of ultrasonic peening on the base material can reach about 220 um, and after the UIT2 parameter treatment, the depth of impact on the base material can reach about 250 um. Compared with the original sample, the hardness of UIT1 increases by 20% and UIT2 increases by 26% at the depth of 0.1mm. Grains are refined to about 200 nm in the topmost surface after ultrasonic peening treatment. The mechanism of nanocrystallization is mainly due to dislocation motion.
Modeling on the Flatness of Silicon Wafers Ground by the Grind-polishing Wheel
Authors: Wu Zihe , Cheng Jirui , Zhang Yu , Ren Jiawei , Gao Shang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The grind-polishing wheel is a new non-woven structure grinding tool with low elastic modulus and ultra-fine abrasive grains, which can obtain high surface/sub-surface quality ground silicon wafers. To obtain high-shape flatness during grinding with the grind-polishing wheel, a prediction model of the ground silicon wafers’ flatness considering the elastic modulus of the wheel, processing parameters, and abrasive grain size is developed. The grinding experiments under different speed ratios were conducted to verify the prediction model accuracy. It shows that the model can successfully predict the flatness of ground silicon wafers, and the error of the prediction model is less than 13%. The proposed model has some guiding significance for choosing the appropriate character of the grind-polishing wheel and grinding parameters to achieve desirable flatness for silicon wafers.
Field-driven energy control scanning method for selective laser melting lattice structures
Authors: Wang Senlin , Qin Lin , Zhang Lichao , Zhang Zihua 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While processing metal lattices, the selective laser melting (SLM) technique is prone to flaws such as warping, dross, and low forming dimensional accuracy due to the inhomogeneity of the temperature field during the forming process. This paper proposed a field-driven energy control scanning method. The energy control factor field is calculated by the hemispherical convolution operator in voxel space according to the signed distance field of the model combined with the material thermal conductivity. The optimized variable process parameter field data is obtained by coupling with the initial process parameter field. The laser power on the metal lattice scanning path can be precisely controlled by domain and segment. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of the variable-parameter printed gradient lattice is much better than that of the single-parameter printed lattice, and the compressive mechanical characteristics of the lattice are nearly doubled.
Simulation of microstructure evolution process in the melt pool formed by laser cladding with a multi-scale model
Authors: Jin Kangning , Chen Ping 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The microstructure directly determines the alloys’ mechanical performance, therefore understanding the microstructure evolution process is essential to controlling the cladding layer’s mechanical performance. A multiscale model in three dimensions is developed to evaluate the complicated microstructure evolution in the melt pool formed during the laser cladding process. The model consists of two parts: the FVM to calculate the evolution of the melt pool at the macroscopic scale, and the simulation of the solidification of grains at the microscopic scale by the CA. The high consistency with the experimental results proves the accuracy of the multiscale model in three dimensions. Using the developed model, the solid-liquid phase transformation process of the whole melt pool is studied and the impact of the variations of scanning speed on the microstructure is analyzed. The grain size decreases and the “laser-grain angle” increases with an increase in scanning speed. This study explains the evolution of the microstructure, which helps to customize the cladding layer’s microstructure.
Simulation study on the effect of different wavelengths of laser on graphitization of diamond surface
Authors: Yuan Huixin , Song Chengwei , Zhang Chunyu , He Zhibing , Li Guo , Zhang Junjie , Qin Wentao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A temperature field simulation study of CVD diamonds under nanosecond laser processing was carried out to investigate the characteristics of diamond graphitization and material removal mechanisms during nanosecond laser processing. Experimental results show that diamond undergoes significant burn and graphitization during laser processing. The graphite layer thickness and width of the diamond surface were measured to determine the regularity of nanosecond laser-induced diamond graphitization. Analysis of the simulation results for the diamond temperature profile shows that the nanosecond laser irradiation energy is mainly distributed over the diamond surface, and the thermal effect zone of nanosecond laser irradiation on the diamond is small, resulting in a graphite layer thickness of about 3.25 μm.
The Causes of Explosion Failure of Liquid Ammonia Cylinder
Authors: Ren Facai 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gas cylinders are widely used in industrial production and daily life. Due to the complexity of the medium contained in the cylinder and the unsafe factors in the use and management, cylinder accidents occur more frequently. This paper analyzes the cause of a burst accident in the liquid ammonia cylinder. The results show that the chemical composition and mechanical properties of cylinder materials basically meet the requirements of relevant standards. No obvious defects were found on the weld and fracture surface during NDT. The outer surface of the gas cylinder is severely corroded, especially in the weld area, where there is a lot of pitting corrosion.
Ultrasonic-assisted Pulsed TIG Welding (U-P-TIG) of Inconel 690 for Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Xia Xiaowei , Wen Wei , Shen Xu , Wu Jiefeng , Lyu Hongjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Inconel 690 has been extensively used in steam generator tubing materials for pressurized water reactors. In order to improve the weld quality of Inconel 690, ultrasonic-assisted pulsed tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is studied. In this study, the macrostructure, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Inconel 690 weldments welded by TIG welding with and without ultrasonic assistance were investigated. The microstructures of the fusion zone (FZ) and heat-affected zones (HAZ) were examined by an optical microscope and the Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique, and weldment properties were compared through tensile and impact tests. Experimental results indicate that the base metal (BM) was composed of equiaxed crystalline austenite, and the austenite grains in the heat-affected zone were obviously grown; the fusion zone (FZ) was composed of columnar austenite. Besides, the ultrasonic assistance was effective in refining the structure and improving the strength and toughness of weld metal.
Effect of Nb on the Hydrogen-induced Cracking of X80 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Fan Yanqiu , Ma Changwen , Li Shaopo , Ding Wenhua , Wang Longhe , Liu Yang , Li Zhanjun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Nb is a key alloying element added into X80 pipeline steel, and it can enhance mechanical properties by refining grains and introducing precipitates. However, HIC resistance is also one of the most significant performances for pipeline steel served in H2S environment. An all-inclusive recognition of the response of niobium to HIC refusal is important for the appropriate design of the Nb addition amount, the rolling and cooling parameters, and protective techniques to obtain excellent mechanical properties, including strength and ductility and HIC refusal. So in the paper, many test methods, such as EBSD, SEM, and HIC, were adopted to research the response of niobium addition on resistance of hydrogen-induced cracking performance of X80. As the increase in Nb content, grain size decreased and had the strongest trapping hydrogen atom ability. Besides, the percentage of low-angle grain boundaries went up, and more precipitates greatly raised the amount of irreversible hydrogen pitfalls. Nb could greatly promote the HIC resistance, inhibiting crack initiation, and propagation.
Microstructure Characteristics of TP304 Steel after Long-time High-temperature Service
Authors: Song Tao , Wang Zhiwu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The microstructure characteristics of specimens used for 1.5×104 h, 7.8×104 h, and 9×104 h and a burst tube specimen used for 8.5×104 h were analyzed by a metallographic microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and energy spectrum, and the precipitated phase was quantitatively analyzed by ImageJ. The results show that the second phase precipitates at grain boundaries and within grains after service. During operation, chrome-rich carbides precipitate along grain boundaries, which gradually aggregate and grow into chains, forming intergranular corrosion, resulting in intergranular cracking, and the σ-phase precipitates at severe overtemperature.
Study on the Effect of Remelt Scanning and Heat Treatment Processes on the Structure and Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Formed Al-Mg-Sc-Zr Alloys
Authors: Zhou Zijie , Chen Chao , Guan Jieren , Yuan Kang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology was used to form Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloys to investigate the effects of remelting scanning and heat treatment processes on their tissue evolution and mechanical properties. The results show that the surface roughness (Sa) of the upper surface of the unmelted and once-remelted scans are similar. In contrast, the surface roughness (Sa) of the upper surface of the twice-remelted scans is significantly higher. The surface roughness (Sa) of the specimen sides gradually increases with the number of scans. The Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy has a unique mixed crystal structure, with many Al3(Sc, Zr)-L12 precipitates precipitating at the melt pool boundary to promote the formation of fine equiaxed crystals.
In contrast, the interior of the melt pool is a coarse columnar crystal structure due to the low precipitation of Al3 (Sc, Zr)-L12 precipitates. After heat treatment, more Al3 (Sc, Zr)-L12 precipitates will precipitate inside the melt pool. After the aging heat treatment, the specimens’ yield and tensile strength increased significantly while the elongation at break decreased.
Microstructure Characterization and Failure Mechanism of Laser Welded Nuclear-grade FeCrAl Alloy
Authors: Zhan Yaqi , Niu Yitian , Hu Yanying , Zhang Ruiqian , Ma Xianfeng , Liu Jinping , Feng Yingchao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
FeCrAl alloy is considered a new type of promising accident-tolerant fuel cladding material. Laser welding technology, which has been widely applied in the connection of various metal materials, uses a high energy density laser heat source with the advantages of efficiency and precision. However, due to the inherent characteristic of high speed, the laser weld is generally exposed to rapid solidification, resulting in the inevitable formation of defects such as coarse grain size and porosity in the weld. The presence of pores is a troublesome question because they will reduce the bearing area of the joint and accelerate the initiation of cracks, resulting in a significant reduction of the tensile strength. Based on these considerations, in this study, the effect of pores on laser-welded nuclear-grade FeCrAl alloy is investigated by quasi-in-situ tensile testing, and the fracture mechanism of the joint is revealed. The maximum ultimate tensile strength measured by the experiment is 550 MPa, and the elongation of welds is 9.6%. In addition, there are obvious stress concentrations and cracking phenomena generated in the vicinity of a pore. The joint is eventually fractured in the fusion line near the fusion zone. A large number of pores can be found at the fracture failure position from the fracture morphology observation, indicating that the pores are presumably to be the intrinsic reason for the cracking of the welded joints.
Cooling Coating for Buildings Based on the Daytime Radiative Cooling Technology
Authors: An Yizhuo , Sun Junyu , Ji Cheng , Wang Jing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to investigate the cooling effect of the radiative cooling material in the form of coating applied to buildings, a fiber-reinforced calcium silicate plate covered with radiative cooling coating was prepared on the basis of solving the bonding strength of coating in the research. The plate was used as the roof for the building model. The temperature at the face center on the inside of the roof and the inner body center of the building was tested on sunny and hot summer days. The results show that in the continuous 48-hour monitoring process, the radiative cooling coating can achieve a cooling effect of up to 28.8 °C at the backside of the roof, and 20.8 °C inside the building compared with an ordinary building without coating. Moreover, the coating also shows a sub-ambient cooling effect of 9.8 °C, even allowing the temperature inside the building to be lower than the air temperature under the shade.
Research on microstructure variation of laser melting deposition Ti-6Al-4V under electroshocking treatment
Authors: Bi Jian , Sun Hongxin , Wen Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, electroshocking treatment (EST) was applied to Ti-6Al-4V prepared by laser melting deposition (LMD), and the microstructure and grain size were investigated. The size of the α phase was reduced, and the content increased after the EST treatment.
Target Information Acquisition Method of Penetration Fuze Based on Composite Detection
Authors: Zhang Zhenze , Sui Li , Yu Haoyuan , Shi Gengchen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
When the traditional high-g acceleration sensor penetrates the hard multi-layered target, it is easy to cause the overlap of the penetration overload. The rigid body signal is submerged in the vibration signal, resulting in the error of the layer-counting recognition algorithm, and it is difficult to judge the time of the penetration ammunition. Based on the principle of the capacitance sensor and the piezoelectric sensor, a composite sensor for penetration fuze is designed in this paper. On this basis, a layer-recognition algorithm based on capacitance and piezoelectric signal fusion is designed, and its feasibility is verified by software simulation.
Numerical Simulation Verification of the Application of Inorganic Thermal Insulation Materials to the Surrounding Rock of Roadways
Authors: Jian Junchang , Luo Wei , Liu Heng , Jiang Yewei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Insulation materials provide a new solution for heat dissipation control in high-temperature mine enclosures. In this paper, ANSYS Fluent was selected to conduct a numerical simulation study on the heat transfer after inorganic insulation materials were laid on the surface of the mine tunnel surrounding rock. The results show that the influence of the tunnel wind flow on the temperature of the surrounding rock is related to the support material laid, and the temperature of the surrounding rock wall after laying inorganic insulation material is about 4°C lower than that of ordinary concrete support. The temperature difference of the surrounding rock wall at the entrance of the tunnel is about 4.6°C, and that of the surrounding rock wall at the exit is about 2.8°C. The comparative analysis verifies that the insulation material positively affects the heat dissipation control of the high-temperature shaft and the surrounding rock of the roadway.
Study on the friction reduction characteristics of surface micro-pit weave under fluid lubrication conditions
Authors: Zhou Xiangyuan , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As for the improvement and improvement of tribology, numerous literature studies have shown that certain surface roughness is conducive to enhancing the dynamic pressure lubrication effect and reducing the frictional wear between frictional pairs. The design of a micro-loom with a reasonable characteristic size significantly brings out its friction reduction performance. The CFD software ANSYS Fluent was used to numerically analyze the hydrodynamic pressure on the surface of the micro-loom to obtain the oil film load-bearing force generated by the relative sliding on the surface of the friction pair and to analyze the effect of the depth of the micro-crater on the tribological performance. The results show that the coefficient of friction rises first and then decreases with the increase of the depth of the micro-pit within the given weaving parameters, the maximum bearing capacity is 0.088 N when the depth of the micro-pit is 4 μm, and only 0.086 N when the depth is 10 μm.
The molding of the ceramic solid electrolyte sheet prepared by tape casting
Authors: Dai Baoxin , Zhou Man , Liu Kaige , He Bin , Xiang Bingxi , Kong Lingbing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ceramic oxide solid-state electrolytes are more popular among researchers because of their excellent thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, excellent lithium-ion conductivity and high elastic modulus. Lithium-ion solid-state batteries with tantalum-doped Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) inorganic ceramic electrolytes have attracted much attention due to their extraordinary lithium-ion conductivity, incombustibility, and wide electrochemical window. Tape casting is a common method for ceramic molding, which is mainly used to prepare ceramic packaging substrate. However, the preparation process of casting slurry is tedious and time-consuming. In this study, a one-step vibration ball-milling method was proposed to prepare a non-aqueous-based casting slurry, which only took 2 hours. By optimizing the process parameters, the LLZTO solid electrolyte film prepared by tape casting had a uniform texture, and its thickness could be as thin as several microns. The perovskite-type LLZTO-independent ceramic electrolyte film with a thickness of 83 μm was prepared by tape casting. The Li+ ionic conductivity of the LLZTO solid-state electrolyte membrane is 2.0×10−5 S·cm−1. The Li-symmetric battery with all-solid-state lithium assembled using 83 μm thick LLZTO exhibited stable Li deposition and stripping properties.
Verification of Optical Fiber Multiparameter Sensing Technology for High Temperature Environment
Authors: An Wanqing , Pan Shangjie , Li Chao , Zhang Yuchang , Ma Ziliang , Liu Zhe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aiming at the measurement problems such as strain in high temperature environment, this paper builds an optical fiber sensor that is suitable for high temperature environment. A test system platform that can provide a high temperature environment of 1000 °C both dynamic and static strain loading is designed. The platform includes a high-temperature furnace, constant-strength beams and excitation devices. Based on the test system platform, the thermal strain and loading strain tests of the high temperature fiber optic sensor are completed.