bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction Properties of V4C3 MXene and its Use for an Ultra‐Broadband Saturable Absorber
Authors: Lee Kyungtaek , Kwon Suh‐young , Woo Taeho , Ryu Janghyun , Jung Junha , Lee Ju Han 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLarge optical nonlinearity at short‐wavelength‐infrared (SWIR) has enabled 2D MXene to be used explosively in ultrafast nonlinear photonics and optoelectronics. Despite the high technological interest in V4C3 MXene in electrochemistry, investigations from a nonlinear photonics perspective have yet to be conducted. Here, the nonlinear optical characteristics of V4C3 MXene at SWIR wavelengths are systemically investigated. First, Z‐scan measurements are performed and the saturated absorption and self‐defocusing properties of V4C3 MXene at both wavelengths of 1560 and 1910 nm are observed. Density functional theory calculation shows metallic characteristics of V4C3 MXene. Based on the saturable absorption properties of V4C3 MXene, a single saturable absorber (SA) operating at both wavelengths of 1560 and 1910 nm is experimentally implemented. Stable mode‐locked pulses of 638 fs pulse duration at 1559.9 nm are produced instantaneously from an erbium‐doped fiber ring cavity using SA. The same SA generates 1.08 ps mode‐locked pulses at 1911.9 nm from the thulium holmium co‐doped fiber ring cavity. This indicates that the operating bandwidth of this realized V4C3 MXene‐based SA could be at least 350 nm. This work strongly suggests that V4C3 MXene can serve as an ultra‐broadband and high‐performance nonlinear optical material platform in the SWIR regions.
Fully Transparent Ultraviolet Photodetector with Ultrahigh Responsivity Enhanced by MXene‐Induced Photogating Effect
Authors: Ma Hailong , Fang Huajing , Liu Yanyu , Li Jiaqi , Jing Kai , Hong Jiawang , Wang Hong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTransparent photodetectors with the optical signal recognition and conversion capabilities are the core component for smart sensors and next‐generation “see‐through” optoelectronics. However, it is usually difficult to have both excellent optical transmittance and photoresponse performance, which hinders the practicality of transparent photodetectors. Herein, a photogating effect enhanced transparent ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is demonstrated based on the TiO2/MXene van der Waals heterojunction. By simply spin‐coating MXene nanosheets on TiO2 film, the UV photodetector exhibits significantly enhanced performance, such as ultrahigh responsivity (202.4 A/W), large specific detectivity (1.79 × 1014 Jones) and outstanding external quantum efficiency (1.02 × 105%), which are three orders of magnitude higher than those of pure TiO2 film. Meanwhile, the device exhibits up to 95% transparency in the visible range. Both the experimental results and theory calculations indicate that local Schottky junctions are established at the TiO2/MXene interface. These local junctions exert a giant photogating effect under illumination, which can facilitate the separation of photogenerated carriers and improve the photodetection performance. Moreover, the transparent photodetector has been successfully applied in a UV index wireless sensing system. This work demonstrates the ingenious application of MXene in optoelectronics and provides insight into the design of high‐performance transparent photodetectors.
Levofloxacin‐Loaded Microneedles Produced Using 3D‐Printed Molds for Klebsiella Pneumoniae Biofilm Control
Authors: Vinayakumar K. B. , Silva Maria Daniela , Martins Artur , Mundy Stephen , González‐Losada Pedro , Sillankorva Sanna 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing advancements contribute considerably to several fields and its use in the medical field is gaining attention due to its easily customizable option (patient‐specific), low cost, and fast turnout time in developing drug delivery and diagnostic tools. Herein, the fabrication of a microneedle (MN) platform is reported using a stereolithography 3D printer, varying the 3D printing angle and aspect ratio (2:1, 3:1, and 4:1). The optimal printing angle is 30°, resulting in needle tip and base diameters of ≈50 and ≈330 µm and heights of ≈550/850/1180 µm. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MNs produced with varying levofloxacin concentrations show variability of ≈4% in tip and 3% base diameters and 15% in height compared to the 3D‐printed MNs. Geometry B is used to produce levofloxacin‐loaded PVA MNs and tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae colony biofilms. Levofloxacin is released gradually, as assessed by spectrofluorimetry. The minimum inhibitory concentration of levofloxacin against the K. pneumoniae clinical isolate is 4 µg mL−1 but this concentration is insufficient to cause any effect on K. pneumoniae biofilms. Only concentrations ≥32 µg mL−1 are statistically different compared to the unloaded MNs. 3D printing is an attractive solution to produce molds for fabricating biopolymeric MNs for topical drug delivery.
Spatial Transcriptomics: Technical Aspects of Recent Developments and Their Applications in Neuroscience and Cancer Research
Authors: Park Han‐Eol , Jo Song Hyun , Lee Rosalind H. , Macks Christian P. , Ku Taeyun , Park Jihwan , Lee Chung Whan , Hur Junho K. , Sohn Chang Ho 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpatial transcriptomics is a newly emerging field that enables high‐throughput investigation of the spatial localization of transcripts and related analyses in various applications for biological systems. By transitioning from conventional biological studies to “in situ” biology, spatial transcriptomics can provide transcriptome‐scale spatial information. Currently, the ability to simultaneously characterize gene expression profiles of cells and relevant cellular environment is a paradigm shift for biological studies. In this review, recent progress in spatial transcriptomics and its applications in neuroscience and cancer studies are highlighted. Technical aspects of existing technologies and future directions of new developments (as of March 2023), computational analysis of spatial transcriptome data, application notes in neuroscience and cancer studies, and discussions regarding future directions of spatial multi‐omics and their expanding roles in biomedical applications are emphasized.
Bimodal Antimicrobial Surfaces of Phytic Acid–Prussian Blue Nanoparticles–Cationic Polymer Networks
Authors: He Xiaodong , Wu HuaJun , Wang Yan , Xiang Yunjie , Zhang Kai , Rao Xi , Kang En‐Tang , Xu Liqun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSurface modification plays a pivotal role in tailoring the functionalities of a solid material. Introduction of antimicrobial function on material surfaces can provide additional protection against life‐threatening bacterial infections. Herein, a simple and universal surface modification method based on surface adhesion and electrostatic interaction of phytic acid (PA) is developed. PA is first functionalized with Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) via metal chelation and then conjugates with cationic polymers (CPs) through electrostatic interaction. With the aid of surface adherent PA and gravitation effect, the as‐formed PA–PB–CP network aggregates are deposited on the solid materials in a substrate‐independent manner. Synergistic bactericidal effects of “contact‐killing” induced by the CPs and localized photothermal effect caused by the PB NPs endow the substrates with strong antibacterial performance. Membrane integrity, enzymatic activity, and metabolism function of the bacteria are disturbed in contact with the PA–PB–CP coating under near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation. The PA–PB–CP modified biomedical implant surfaces exhibit good biocompatibility and synergistic antibacterial effect under NIR irradiation, and eliminate the adhered bacteria both in vitro and in vivo.
Iron‐Locked Hydr(oxy)oxide Catalysts via Ion‐Compensatory Reconstruction Boost Large‐Current‐Density Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Jiao , Du Wei , Guo Siying , Pan Jing , Hu Jingguo , Xu Xiaoyong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNickel‐iron based hydr(oxy)oxides have been well recognized as one of the best oxygen‐evolving catalysts in alkaline water electrolysis. A crucial problem, however, is that iron leakage during prolonged operation would lead to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) deactivation over time, especially under large current densities. Here, the NiFe‐based Prussian blue analogue (PBA) is designed as a structure‐flexible precursor for navigating an electrochemical self‐reconstruction (ECSR) with Fe cation compensation to fabricate a highly active hydr(oxy)oxide (NiFeOxHy) catalyst stabilized with NiFe synergic active sites. The generated NiFeOxHy catalyst exhibits the low overpotentials of 302 and 313 mV required to afford large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, its robust stability over 500 h at 500 mA cm−2 stands out among the NiFe‐based OER catalysts reported previously. Various in/ex situ studies indicate that the Fe fixation by dynamic reconstruction process can reinforce the Fe‐activated effect on the OER amenable to the industrial‐level large current conditions against the Fe leakage. This work opens up a feasible strategy to design highly active and durable catalysts via thermodynamically self‐adaptive reconstruction engineering.
Creating Dual Active Sites in Conductive Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: He Yuqian , Yan Feng , Zhang Xiao , Zhu Chunling , Zhao Yingying , Geng Bo , Chou Shulei , Xie Ying , Chen Yujin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe achievement of bifunctional metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) remains a huge challenge due to their lack of dual active sites. Herein, dual sites in the Co‐catecholate (Co‐CAT) are created through Ru, Ir, or Rh doping for overall water splitting. Among them, RuCo‐CAT exhibits excellent bifunctional activities, outperforming benchmarked Pt/C for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and RuO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The theoretical calculations demonstrate that the doped Ru atoms with optimal absorption energy for the hydrogen intermediate and the Co centers with a reduced energy barrier for the rate‐determining step are the active sites for HER and OER, respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of Ru atoms can improve the electrical conductivity and capacity of water adsorption of Co‐CAT greatly, synergistically improving the bifunctional activity. This strategy for engineering dual active sites offers novel insights into designing bifunctional MOFs for overall water splitting.
Tailoring Breathing Behavior of Solid Electrolyte Interphases Unraveled by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Guo Xuyun , Du Xiaoqiong , Nicolosi Valeria , Zhang Biao , Zhu Ye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe cycling stability of batteries is closely related to the dynamic evolution of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) in response to the discharging/charging processes. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo‐TEM) and spectroscopy are utilized to probe the SEI breathing behavior induced by discharging/charging on the conversion‐type anode made of Fe2O3 quasi‐cubes. The incorporation of the identical‐location strategy allows the tracking of the evolution of the same SEIs at different charge states. SEI breathing is shown to involve swelling (contracting) upon lithiation (de‐lithiation) driven by the reversible compositional change. Bare Fe2O3 anodes develop an unstable SEI layer due to the intermixing with the lithiation product Li2O, which exhibits a large thickness variation upon breathing as well as excessive growth. A transition from organic to inorganic‐type SEI is also identified upon cycling, which gives rise to significantly increased SEI resistance. To tailor the SEI behavior, N‐doped carbon coating is applied on Fe2O3 (Fe2O3@CN), which can effectively separate the lithiation product from SEI. A thinner and chemically more stable SEI layer develops on Fe2O3@CN, resulting in remarkably enhanced cycling stability compared to bare Fe2O3. This work demonstrates the importance of understanding and optimizing the dynamic behavior of SEIs to achieve better battery performance.
Hygroscopic and Malleable Dough‐Type Zn–Air Battery in a Dry Condition Utilizing Deliquescence
Authors: Jeon Ok Sung , Ko Eun Seo , Park Yong Yeol , Hong Dongpyo , Lee Se Hun , Jeon Young Pyo , La Yunju , Kim Seonmyeong , Lee In‐Sung , Park Gun‐Sik , Lee Eun Jeong , Kang Seoyoung , Yoo Young Joon , Park Sang Yoon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFlexible and rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZAB) are promising candidates for attaining the high energy density required for next‐generation energy storage devices given their half‐open cathode configuration. However, the poor interfacial contact between the immobilized solid‐state electrolyte and porous cathode, and drying‐out of water in the electrolyte at low relative humidity (RH) of 30% or less, cause low performance and short lifespan. Herein, a novel hygroscopic dough‐type electrolyte with water‐absorbing and malleable free‐standing configuration originating from deliquescent KOH and severe gelation of sodium alginate (SA) by facile kneading is proposed. Because appropriate contents are required to absorb water from the atmosphere and obtain the manageable form of the dough used here, the materials composing the dough electrolyte, i.e., SA, water, and KOH, are precisely controlled to ensure high malleability, scalability, ionic conductivity, and good water retention capabilities. The optimized dough inhibits evaporation at low RH and lowers the interfacial resistance with the cathode via tight adhesion. The dough‐type ZABs show noteworthy maximum power density of 160 mW cm−2 with low catalyst mass loading (0.4 mg cm−2), specific capacity of 632 mAh gZn−1, and stability for 60 h at RH 30% and 120 h even at low temperature of −20 °C, producing reasonable output.
Functionalized Separator Strategies toward Advanced Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zong Yu , He Hongwei , Wang Yizhen , Wu Menghua , Ren Xiaochuan , Bai Zhongchao , Wang Nana , Ning Xin , Dou Shi Xue 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) enjoy a good reputation for being safe, affordable to produce, and ecologically friendly due to the use of water‐based electrolytes. The main factors restricting the development of ZIBs, however, are the negative effects of dendrite deposition on the zinc anode and the dissolution of common cathodes such as Mn and V‐based cathodes. Various techniques have been used to address these issues, including regulating the electrolyte concentration or solvation structure, developing a coating or current collector to lessen anode dendrite growth, and improving the structural stability of the cathode. Recently, functionalized separator strategies have gained popularity as effective ways to improve ZIB performance. The use of a functionalized separator is also a practical technique to save costs and increase the volumetric energy density of the battery by substituting a functionalized separator for the usual thick and expensive glass fiber separator. The development of functionalized separators in ZIBs is the subject of ongoing research, and this work presents the most recent findings in a systematic manner, focusing on both the effects and the methods to prepare or modify them. Finally, a brief explanation of the constraints and future potential of current functionalized separator development is provided.
Small Energetic Disorder Enables Ultralow Energy Losses in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Yanan , Zhu Lingyun , Yan Yangjun , Xie Meiling , Liang Guang , Qiao Jiawei , Zhang Jianqi , Hao Xiaotao , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe relatively large non‐radiative recombination energy loss (ΔE3) is the main source of energy losses in organic solar cells (OSCs). The energetic disorder plays a crucial role in non‐radiative energy losses; however, reducing the energetic disorder by modifying terminal groups has rarely been investigated. Herein, four acceptors, BTP‐ICB1F, BTP‐ICB2F, BTP‐ICB3F, and BTP‐ICBCF3, with fluorinated phenyl terminal groups are reported at identified substitution sites. The theoretical and experimental results show that this system possesses smaller energetic disorder than the generally‐used Y6 acceptor due to the strong electron polarization effect arising from tight, 3D molecular packing. Therefore, the PM6:BTP‐ICBCF3 combination achieves high efficiency of 17.8% with high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.93 V and ultralow ΔE3 of 0.18 eV, which is the smallest ΔE3 for the binary OSCs with power conversion efficiency (PCEs) over 17% reported to date. Lastly, using the ternary strategy by incorporating the BTP‐ICBCF3 acceptor into PM6:BTP‐eC9, a higher PCE of 18.2% is achieved with enhanced VOC. The results imply that introducing new terminal groups in acceptors is promising for reducing energetic disorder and energy losses.
Interseeded cover crops did not reduce silage corn performance in the sandy loam soils of South Carolina
Authors: St. Aime Ricardo , Bridges William C. , Narayanan Sruthi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA major concern with interseeding summer cover crops alongside cash crops is the possibility of cover crops competing with the main crop for water and nutrients and thus, reducing the main crop yields. We conducted on‐farm trials in the sandy loam soils of the upstate of South Carolina in 2020 and 2021 to evaluate the effect of white clover (Trifolium repens L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) and their mixture interseeded at V4, V7, and V10 corn growth stages on silage corn performance and soil moisture content. We found that none of the cover crops affected silage corn height and aboveground biomass production regardless of the interseeding time. Further, the volumetric water content in the upper 20‐cm soil profile was not decreased by cover crops irrespective of their interseeding time. At physiological maturity, corn height, aboveground biomass, and volumetric water content ranged between 131 and 163 cm, 9 and 23 Mg ha−1, and 10% and 22%, respectively, in season‐1 and between 181 and 216 cm, 0.48 and 1.03 Mg ha−1, and 10% and 17%, respectively, in season‐2 when interseeded with cover crops. When cover crops were not interseeded, the average corn height, aboveground biomass, and volumetric water content values were 152 cm, 13 Mg ha−1, and 13%, respectively, in season‐1 and 204 cm, 0.7 Mg ha−1, and 14%, respectively, in season‐2. These results would encourage farmers who want to consider cover crop interseeding with corn in the regional production systems.
Numerical simulation and experiment of the emergence of young potato sprouts through soil‐covered plastic mulching
Authors: Liu Quandong , Sun Wei , Zhang Hua , Liu Xiaolong , Li Hui , Simionescu Petru A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the effect of covering the plastic film mulch with soil of different thicknesses, on the resistance of potato young stems to break through the plastic film was simulated using the explicit dynamic analysis software LS‐DYNA. The constitutive models of young potato stems, plastic film, and covering soil, specific to potato cultivation on the Loess Plateau of Northwest China, were established. The influence of the covering soil thickness on the resistance to breaking by the potato sprout was analyzed and the film breaking time and sprout resistance to growth were then compared. The simulation results reveal that, to minimize both film breaking time and resistance to sprout growth, a thickness of about 40 mm of the film‐covering soil can be considered a good choice in potato cultivation using plastic‐film mulching technology. The results were confirmed experimentally by the authors and matched previous experimental research reported in the literature.
Breeding safflower for adaptation to autumn sowing by interspecific hybridization
Authors: Espanani Soheila , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Zadeh Mahboubeh Komranian , Saeidi Ghodratollah 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the light of current global climate change, gene introgression from wild relatives is a key strategy for increasing adaptation of crops that lost their variation during evolutionary bottleneck. Fall‐sown safflower leads to earlier spring growth and potentially higher productivity than the spring‐sown safflower, because of escaping from the terminal stresses of drought, heat, disease, and pests as well as efficient use of winter precipitation. During the last decade, we developed advanced generations of three sets of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from three crosses of Carthamus tinctorius × Carthamus palaestinus (TP), C. tinctorius × Carthamus oxyacanthus (TO) and C. palaestinus × C. oxyacanthus (PO). The objectives of this study were to assess the efficiency of gene introgression from two wild relatives of safflower and genetic variation of derived RILs in terms of adaptation to autumn sowing and cold tolerance in the field. The results showed a continuous variation for seed yield and oil content in RILs, indicating the existence of transgressive segregation in lines. Comparison of three interspecific populations indicated that lines derived from TP crosses showed high potential for autumn planting, winter hardness, and productivity of seed and oil yield. However, the RILs derived from PO and TO had higher chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) than TP population. Our results indicated that restoring lost genes in safflower is possible by introgression from its close relatives (especially C. palaestinus species). Identified superior RILs can be checked for other biotic and abiotic tolerance to develop new varieties in this valuable oil seed crop.
Remarkable improvement of gas–liquid mass transfer by modifying the structure of conventional T‐junction microchannel
Authors: Sheng Lin , Chang Yu , Wang Junjie , Deng Jian , Luo Guangsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnhancing the mass transfer performance just by modifying the channel structure without external energy input is one of the most important topics for microchemical technology development. This work reports the high‐performance gas–liquid mass transfer in a novel step T‐junction microchannel. The liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient in the step T‐junction has been significantly improved by one order of magnitude when compared with the conventional T‐junction, which is higher up to 60 × 10−4 m/s. To our knowledge, it might be the highest value obtained in the microchannel without external energy input. The parameters of bubble generation frequency and gas–liquid interface movement velocity in different microdevices are explored to reveal the mechanism behind the ultra‐high mass transfer coefficient in the step T‐junction. Finally, two models considering the gas absorption are developed for the bubble generation frequency and volume, and two models are proposed for the gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient.
New understanding from intestinal absorption model: How physiological features influence mass transfer and absorption
Authors: Qin Yifan , Chen Xiao Dong , Yu Aibing , Xiao Jie 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMathematical modeling of mass transfer and absorption in the small intestine has been a challenging task. Systematic review and analysis of existing efforts indicate the need to pursue a reliable predictive model that is physically sound and computationally efficient. With the consideration of 3D intestinal inner wall structure, this work rigorously derives an absorption model that can be used as a source term in a 1D distributed model, conventionally called the diffusion–convection–reaction model. Moreover, computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out to generate in silico experimental data for quantification of the mass‐transfer coefficient in the absorption model. This model facilitates a better understanding of the intricate influence of intestinal morphology and motility on mass transfer and absorption in the intestine. Rat duodenum featuring a villous structure and pendular movement is selected as an example to demonstrate the capability of this approach.