bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressor cell function of human granular lymphocytes identified by the HNK-1 (Leu 7) monoclonal antibody.
Authors: Tilden A B , Abo T , Balch C M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The HNK-1 (Leu 7) differentiation antigen defines a subpopulation of human granular lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) and K cell function. In this study, we investigated whether HNK-1+ cells, identified with the monoclonal antibody and purified with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), could function as suppressor cells. The results demonstrated that purified HNK-1+ cells efficiently suppressed both PWM-induced IgG production by B cells and T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). Manifestation of this suppressor cell activity required immune complex activation and was partially sensitive to 2000 rad irradiation. This suppressor cell activity was predominantly mediated by a subset of HNK-1+ cells that have previously been shown to have maximum NK function and lack expression of the E rosette (ER) receptor and T cell antigens (e.g., T3 and T8). Thus, HNK-1+ER- cells suppressed a MLR by an average 52%; HNK-1+ER+ were one-half as efficient, causing an average 23% suppression. For comparison, we also examined the characteristics of Leu 2a+ suppressor T lymphocytes. In contrast to HNK-1+ cells, unactivated Leu 2a+ cells suppressed both B and T cell responses. This suppressor activity was not augmented by immune complex activation and was absolutely radio-sensitive in PWM assays. HNK-1+ cells, especially the HNK+ER- subset, can therefore mediate suppressor cell function in addition to their spontaneous cytotoxic function. Furthermore, some of their suppressor cell properties are distinct from those attributed to other types of suppressor lymphocytes.
Clonal analysis of B and T cell responses to Ia antigens. IV. Proliferative T cell clones recognizing E beta and/or E alpha allodeterminants.
Authors: Pierres A , Pierres M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The allospecific T cell recognition of the I-Ek molecule was assessed by using eight A. TH anti-A. TL proliferative T cell clones, all of which expressed the Thy-1-2+, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-, Ia-, and p94,180+ cell surface phenotype. The use of panels of stimulating cells from homozygous of F1 hybrid strains indicated each T cell clone exhibited specificity for distinct alloactivating determinants including: i) a private E beta k-controlled determinant expressed in cis- or trans-complementing E beta kE alpha strains; ii) an apparently nonpolymorphic E alpha determinant resembling the serologic specificity Ia.7, i.e., present in all strains carrying E alpha and E beta expressor alleles; and iii) a series of conformational I-E determinants, the expression of which required a precisely defined combinatorial association of E beta plus E alpha chains. Two clones were found to be reactivated by cis- but not trans-complementing E beta k E alpha k strains, and another recognized an allodeterminant shared by the I-Ab molecule. Various I-Ek-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAb) directed to epitopes presumably expressed on either E alpha (epitope clusters I and II) or E beta (epitope cluster III) chains inhibited the proliferative responses of seven clones recognizing private E beta k or unique E beta E alpha conformational activating determinants. By contrast, the restimulation of the clone directed to a nonpolymorphic E alpha determinant was selectively blocked by anti-Ia.7 mAb defining epitopes on the E alpha chains but not by those directed to the E beta chain. On the basis of these data, it was concluded that the recognition sites of most anti-I-Ek proliferative T cells were expressed on the E beta chain or the E beta plus E alpha interaction products, and that a minority of such alloreactive T cells could be activated through recognition of the E alpha chain per se.
Biochemical characterization of Ia antigens. Characterization of a 22,000-dalton A delta d polypeptide expressed by I-Ad haplotype mice.
Authors: McKean D J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Small amounts of a 22,000-dalton (22Kd) Ia polypeptide were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies from murine B lymphocyte tumor cells and from splenocytes that express the I-Ad subregion. HPLC peptide map comparisons of A alpha d, A beta d and the 22Kd polypeptides demonstrated that the 22Kd polypeptide has extensive homology with A alpha d. Amino terminal sequence analysis of the 3H-tyrosine 22Kd polypeptide indicates this polypeptide has tyrosines at residues 16, 17, 30, and 32. Unexpectedly, this amino terminal 22Kd sequence is homologous with A beta d rather than A alpha d. These results suggest that the 22Kd polypeptide is a hybrid molecule containing both A alpha d and A beta d-like sequences. The 22Kd polypeptide has provisionally been designated A delta d.
Immunochemical variants of HLA-B27.
Authors: Kaneoka H , Engleman E G , Grumet F C 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Detailed study of HLA-B27 was prompted by the extremely strong associations between this antigen and spondyloarthropathies. Despite the relative homogeneity of this antigen when defined by alloantisera, B27 reactivity with the monoclonal antibody B27M2 suggests previously unrecognized heterogeneity. To define and confirm this heterogeneity on a molecular level, detergent extracts were prepared from B cell lines derived from individuals reactive (+) or unreactive (-) with the B27M2 antibody. Extracts were immunoprecipitated by specific allogeneic or monoclonal antibodies and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By this method the B27M2+ and B27M2- variants of HLA-B27 had different isoelectric points (pl) and could be distinguished from each other and from a different (Bw44) control alloantigen. Blockade of glycosylation by pretreatment of cells with tunicamycin did not alter pl but did reduce HLA antigens by approximately 3000 daltons. These data demonstrate that B27 antigens can be subdivided into subsets with different molecular composition. The effects of this heterogeneity upon the associations of B27 and disease are not yet known.
Studies of the Epstein Barr virus receptor found on Raji cells. II. A comparison of lymphocyte binding sites for Epstein Barr virus and C3d.
Authors: Hutt-Fletcher L M , Fowler E , Lambris J D , Feighny R J , Simmons J G , Ross G D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A comparison was made between the binding sites of two receptors that are believed to be closely associated on human B lymphocytes: complement receptor type two (CR2) that is specific for C3d fragments, and the receptor (EBVR) for Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Isolated fluid-phase CR2 bound to C3d on erythrocytes (EC3d) and inhibited both B cell-EC3d rosettes and the agglutination of EC3d by anti-C3d, it failed to inhibit either the binding or superinfection of B cells by EBV. By contrast, isolated fluid-phase EBVR inhibited EBV B cell binding activity and superinfection but had no CR2 activity. In addition, radiolabeled CR2 bound to EC3d and anti-CR2-Sepharose, whereas radiolabeled EBVR did not. Purified fluid-phase C3d fragments inhibited EC3d rosette formation with CR2+/EBVR+ cells but did not inhibit EBV binding. However, EBV binding to B cells did inhibit EC3d rosette formation. Clones of human/mouse somatic cell hybrids made from CR2+/EBVR+ human B lymphoblastoid cell and CR2-/EBVR- mouse myeloma cell parents expressed either EBVR or CR2 but only rarely expressed both EBVR and CR2. This suggested that the genes for EBVR and CR2 were located on two different human chromosomes. Thus it was concluded that CR2 is probably not the binding site for EBV.
Identification of normal and transformed lymphocyte subsets of nonhuman primates with monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocytes.
Authors: Neubauer R H , Briggs C J , Noer K B , Rabin H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that detect specific lymphocyte subsets of man were tested for their reactivity with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and established cell lines of owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) and marmosets (Saguinus spp). Results of these studies showed that certain determinants were conserved and that the pattern of reactivity observed in one genus (or even species) could not be used to predict the reactivity in another. On owl monkey PBL, reactivity equivalent to that on human PBL was observed with OKT11a, anti-Leu 3a, B1, and anti-HLA-DR MAb thus detecting T cell, helper/inducer T cell, B cell, and HLA-DR determinants. After neuraminidase treatment of owl monkey PBL, reactivity with anti-Leu 5 and OKT8 (T cell and suppressor/cytotoxic T cell determinants) was observed. Cell separation experiments indicated these determinants were found on lymphocytes with the same general properties as those of human origin. The use of these MAb to examine owl monkeys infected with Herpesvirus saimiri and tumor cell lines established from H. saimiri-inoculated monkeys revealed that the virus was found in OKT11a-positive, B1-negative cells. In chronically infected nondiseased animals, H. saimiri was found in anti-HLA-DR-negative cells and was restricted to anti-Leu 3a-positive cells (two animals) or was nearly equally distributed in anti-Leu 3a-positive and negative cells (one animal). Established H. saimiri tumor cell lines had the phenotype OKT11 a-positive, anti-HLA-DR-positive, B1-negative and were either anti-Leu 3a-positive or negative. Studies of interleukin 2-responsive tumor cells in short-term culture suggested the tumor was composed of virus-positive anti-Leu 3a-positive and negative populations.
Variations in free secretory component levels in mucosal secretions of the rat.
Authors: Sullivan D A , Wira C R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present studies were conducted to compare the levels of free secretory component (SC) in a number of rat mucosal secretions and to determine whether SC content varies significantly during the four stages of the estrous cycle. Levels of SC, as measured by radioimmunoassay, were markedly different in various external secretions. Bile contained the highest amount, irrespective of whether SC was normalized to volume or protein. Concentrations of SC in saliva or uterine fluid from intact rats were approximately 20- to 30-fold less than measured in bile. When SC levels were normalized to protein, the SC to protein ratios in uterine, vaginal, and respiratory secretions were six to 18 times greater than values calculated in salivary and small intestinal fluids. Analysis of SC levels in mucosal secretions during the estrous cycle indicated significant variations occur in uterine and vaginal samples, but not in saliva or small intestinal secretions. In the uterine lumen, SC levels were highest at proestrus, partially elevated at estrus, and lowest at both days of diestrus. In contrast, vaginal SC levels were maximal at estrus and reduced at all other stages of the cycle. Immunoglobulin A content was also measured in uterine and vaginal secretions during the estrous cycle. Significant changes in IgA levels were found and these coincided with the changing pattern of SC. These results suggest hormones may modulate SC levels in reproductive tissues. In addition, our findings indicate variations in SC during the estrous cycle may direct the movement of IgA from tissue to lumen.
Modulation of the host response in human schistosomiasis. IV. Parasite antigen induces release of histamine that inhibits lymphocyte responsiveness in vitro.
Authors: Hofstetter M , Fasano M B , Ottesen E A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying the suppression of in vitro lymphocyte transformation responses to parasite antigens in human schistosomiasis have been previously described, but the role that immediate hypersensitivity reactions may have in regulating these lymphocyte transformation responses has been little explored. Using Hypaque-Ficoll-separated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with schistosome infections, we found that histamine release could be demonstrated routinely in lymphocyte cultures challenged with adult worm, egg, or cercarial antigens. Release occurred within 1 hr of stimulation, and histamine persisted in the cultures for 6 days at levels of 10(-6) to 10(-7) M. That such concentrations were capable of suppressing LT responses in vitro was shown by the addition of exogenous histamine to modified PBMC culture systems from 10 normal individuals and eight patients with Schistosoma mansoni or Schistosoma mekongi infections. Responses to phytohemagglutinin, streptokinase-streptodornase, and tetanus were equivalently suppressed in both groups (50.8 +/- 6% in normals and 55.9 +/- 6.2% in patients), and the doses required for maximal suppression were similar. Passage of PBMC from infected patients over nylon wool, in addition to removing adherent suppressor cells, also markedly reduced the number of histamine-containing basophils (74 +/- 4.5% removed). The enhanced responsiveness to parasite antigen by PBMC depleted by nylon wool passage was abrogated by the addition of exogenous histamine to the cultures. These results indicate that in routine PBMC cultures 'nonspecific' lymphocyte suppression by histamine liberated from basophils in an antigen-specific fashion may help to account for the specific suppression of lymphocyte responses to parasite antigens so characteristic of patients with schistosome and other helminth infections.
Immunoregulation in experimental filariasis. I. In vitro suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenesis by adherent cells from Jirds chronically infected with Brugia pahangi.
Authors: Lammie P J , Katz S P 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nonspecific immunoregulatory events were examined in inbred jirds chronically infected with Brugia pahangi. The responsiveness of spleen cells from infected animals to the T cell mitogens PHA and Con A and to the B cell mitogens, LPS and PWM, was found to be suppressed by as much as 90% when compared with the reactivity of lymphocytes from normal animals. Furthermore, spleen cells from infected jirds were capable of suppressing the mitogen reactivity of normal spleen cells. Depletion of cells adherent to nylon wool, glass wool, or plastic alleviated the regulatory activity exerted by spleen cells from infected jirds. Addition of indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, to cultures of spleen cells from infected animals did not alter the suppression observed. In contrast, lymphocytes from the peripheral lymph nodes of infected jirds did not exhibit depressed T cell mitogen reactivity and were incapable of suppressing the PHA or Con A responsiveness of normal lymph node cells. However, the reactivity of lymph node cells from infected jirds to B cell mitogens, LPS and PWM, was suppressed. These results imply the existence of multiple regulatory mechanisms, at least one of which is restricted to the spleen. The relevance of nonspecific regulation to development of parasite-specific immunologic reactivity and to the infection is discussed.
Idiotypes and allotypes on Ia-binding alloactivated Lyt-1+,2-,3- T cells are coded for by genes linked to the igh-1 allotype locus.
Authors: Suzan M , Elliott B E , Rubin B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Xenogeneic antisera, designated 5936 and 6036, have been used in this laboratory to define 5936-idiotypes (Id) and 6036-T cell receptor (Tcr) allotype determinants, respectively, on populations of B6 anti-CBA MLC T blasts. The present experiments were carried out to determine a) whether T lymphocytes that bear 5936-Id also express antiserum 6036-defined Tcr allotypes; b) if so, what is the Lyt phenotype and c) specificity of this T lymphocyte population, and d) whether the genes coding for 5936-Id and 6036-allotypes are linked to immunoglobulin (Ig) allotype genes. The results showed that 5936-Id-bearing T lymphocytes were included in a subset of cells that expressed antiserum 6036-defined Tcr allotypic determinants and the Lyt-1+,2-,3- phenotype. By genetic segregation analysis it was shown that both 5936-Id and antiserum 6036-defined allotypic determinants on T cells were linked to Igh-1b allotypes. 5936-Id determinants were expressed on T lymphocytes of Igh-1b allotype strains, specific for allogeneic I-Ak but not on those specific for I-Ak/Ek molecules. In contrast, 6036-Tcr allotype determinants were present on T lymphocytes from Igh-1b allotype strains, specific for either I-Ak or I-Ak/Ek molecules. The results support the hypothesis that 5936-Id determinants are present only on a subset of anti-I-Ak T cell receptors, whereas 6036-Tcr allotype determinants are shared among T cell receptors of several unrelated specificities from Igh-1b allotype-bearing strains.
Isolation of cross-linked IgE-receptor complexes from rat macrophages.
Authors: Finbloom D S , Metzger H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Receptors for IgE on macrophages have been characterized by binding assays (1-3), but to date there has been only one report on the isolation of this receptor from macrophages, with use of the cell line U937 (4). In that report the receptor was isolated by using a heavily absorbed polyclonal antibody raised against lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgE (5). Monomeric IgE binds so weakly to macrophages that affinity chromatography of IgE-receptor complexes, such as has been used for isolation of the receptors for IgE on basophils (6) and for IgG on macrophages (7), cannot be readily accomplished. We have used oligomers of IgE to enhance the binding of IgE to macrophages (3), but this alone would not be sufficient because--depending on whether the receptors are multi- or univalent--once the cells are solubilized, multipoint attachment would again be reduced if not abrogated. In this report we describe the use of cross-linking reagents to stabilize further the interaction between IgE and its receptor on peritoneal macrophages. With this approach we have found that the receptor is likely to be composed of two chains whose gross properties are similar to the polypeptides constituting the receptor with high affinity for monomeric IgE on rat basophilic leukemia cells and mast cells.
The ontogeny of antigen-presenting cells in fetal thymus evaluated by MLR stimulation.
Authors: Robinson J H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study demonstrates that cells with the characteristics of antigen-presenting cells (APC) are present in murine thymus from as early as 14 days gestation, around the time that T lymphopoiesis is initiated in the embryo. Thymic APC were identified as la+ adherent cells capable of presenting alloantigens to T cells in MLC. The possible role of these cells in thymocyte differentiation is discussed.
Anti-receptor antibody-induced H-Y-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in nonresponder mice.
Authors: Sunday M E , Dorf M E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The present study examines an antiserum prepared against antigen-reactive T cells that induces murine H-Y-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses. This anti-H-Y receptor antibody (ARA) was raised in C57BL/6 male mice against splenic T lymphocytes from H-Y immune syngeneic females. Subcutaneous administration of ARA to cyclophosphamide-pretreated C57BL/6 females is able to induce H-Y-specific delayed-type footpad swelling responses. The DTH inducing capacity in ARA was selectively retained on rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin columns and was absorbed completely by H-Y immune lymphoid cells from C57BL/6 females. The induction of H-Y DTH reactivity was due at least in part to the activation of H-Y antigen-specific T lymphocytes that could adoptively transfer DTH-like responses to naive female mice. ARA induces DTH responses in strains with the same lgh regions, including selected strains of H-Y nonresponders. Therefore, MHC-linked lr genes do not appear to be as critical when responses are triggered by ARA instead of by antigen. Possible mechanisms for the induction of immune responses by ARA are discussed.
Local production of IgG4 in human colostrum.
Authors: Keller M A , Heiner D C , Kidd R M , Myers A S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Total IgG4 levels were determined in 27 colostrum and 27 plasma paired samples by using RIA techniques, and total IgG was determined on the same pairs by using radial immunodiffusion. In colostrum, the mean IgG4 level was 4.6 micrograms/ml (0.6 to 19.0), and in the plasma the mean IgG4 level was 170.5 micrograms/ml (30 to 920). IgG averaged 42.3 micrograms/ml (12 to 240) in colostrum and 7980.9 micrograms/ml (3250 to 16,000) in plasma. Of colostral IgG, 15.3% was IgG4, whereas only 3.5% of plasma IgG was IgG4. Specific IgG4 antibodies to beta-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, bermuda grass, and alpha-gliadin were also assayed. In six patients, strong evidence was found for local mammary production of IgG4-specific antibodies.
Capping of complement receptors on human neutrophils induced by group A streptococcal cell walls.
Authors: Pryzwansky K B , MacRae E K , Lambris J D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers derived from group A streptococcal cell walls (PG-PS) were opsonized with either purified C3 or normal human serum and were used as a probe to investigate the mobility of CR1 and CR3, the C3b and iC3b receptors, respectively, on human neutrophils. Incubation of monolayers or cell suspensions of neutrophils with PG-PS opsonized with C3b or serum resulted in capping of PG-PS, as detected by fluorescein-labeled antibody to PS. No binding of PG-PS to neutrophils was observed with heat-inactivated serum. By 30 min the cell walls were internalized and observed in one to three vacuoles. Capping was totally inhibited when PG-PS opsonized with C3b or serum was preincubated with Fab'-anti-C3b. Similar inhibition was observed when C3b-opsonized PG-PS was incubated with neutrophils that were preincubated with anti-CR1 or fluid-phase C3b; only partial inhibition of neutrophil capping was observed by using serum-opsonized PG-PS. Because anti-CR1 blocks only the C3b receptor, the cap formation observed with serum-opsonized PG-PS is probably due to CR3. These results suggest that both CR1 and CR3 on neutrophils cap after stimulation by group A streptococcal cell wall fragments.