bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Snake life history traits and their association with urban habitat use in a tropical city
Authors: Lettoof Damian Christopher , Parkin Tom , Jolly Chris James , de Laive Alana , von Takach Brenton 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUrbanisation changes landscapes, often simplifying and homogenising natural ecosystems while introducing novel environments. Although this transformation often adversely impacts native wildlife, generalist species that exhibit broad dietary and habitat requirements can persist and take advantage of urban environments. To understand which life history traits most influence the occurrence of a diverse snake assemblage in an urban environment, we leveraged a dataset of 5102 detection records for 12 snake species in the tropical city of Darwin, Australia. By building ecological niche models, calculating urban niche hypervolume, and compiling life history data, we analysed the diversity of environments occupied by each species and determined which landscape components were most associated with occurrence data. In keeping with our hypothesis that generalist species would be more successful, we found that species with broader habitat and dietary preferences, as well as a penchant for arboreality, were associated with larger urban niche hypervolumes and more frequent human–snake interactions. Additionally, we found that colubrid snakes had significantly larger urban niche hypervolumes than elapid species. These findings contribute to understanding how life history traits aid wildlife persistence in, and adaptation to, urban ecosystems, and have implications for landscape design and conservation management.
Protective effect of quercetin on pulmonary dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: El-Shaer Noha Osama , Hegazy Ahmed Medhat , Muhammad Marwa H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a dysmetabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. In the developed countries, DM is the commonest life style disease that affects both old and young age. Nod-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis may in fact aid in the development of diabetic complications. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid, can be present in natural foods and plants. Many studies have reported the antioxidant role of quercetin on different tissues, but its effects on NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in diabetic lung are unclear. The current study aimed to assess quercetin’s protective effects on lung function, oxidative stress, and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in Wister rats exposed to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM. Forty male Wister rats were randomly allocated into four equal groups. The groups of rats were as follows: group 1 (G1) was kept under normal control conditions; G2 was injected I/P quercetin at a dose of 30 mg/kg b.wt., daily for 30 days; G3 and G4 were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg b.wt. I/P to induce DM. After 72-h post diabetes induction, the rats of G4 were treated with quercetin as a manner in the second group. The results showed that quercetin ameliorates the pulmonary dysfunctions caused by DM through restoring the levels of glucose, insulin, and arterial blood gases, as well as the oxidative markers. Also, NLRP3-pyroptosis-mediated IL1β was inhibited. Quercetin also reduces the effect of DM on the lung by decreasing the pathological changes in the lung. In conclusion, NLRP3 inflammasome-induced pyroptosis may aggravate lung injury in diabetic rats. Quercetin has the potential to ameliorate diabetes induced pulmonary dysfunction by targeting NLRP3.
Cooling Off and the Effects of Mandatory Breaks in Online Gambling: A Large-Scale Real-World Study
Authors: Hopfgartner Niklas , Auer Michael , Santos Tiago , Helic Denis , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The prevention of problematic online gambling behavior is a topic of major interest for regulators, the gambling industry, and researchers. Many gambling operators approach this issue by using responsible gambling tools. Among such tools, mandatory play breaks are used to interrupt long online gambling sessions, providing “cooling off” periods for players to take a reflective “time out”. The present study investigated the effects of mandatory play breaks in a large-scale experiment with 23,234 online gamblers engaging in more than 870,000,000 gambling transactions on Norsk Tipping’s gambling platform over a 1-month period. The gamblers were randomly assigned to several intervention groups with varying duration of mandatory play breaks and one control group with Norsk Tipping’s standard play break duration. More specifically, the study analyzed the relationship between the mandatory break received and the gambler’s acceptance of this tool, the interaction patterns with the tool, and how quickly they started to gamble again, as well as post-intervention effects on gambling behavior. Results showed that gamblers who were treated with longer mandatory breaks (i) tended to take longer voluntary breaks, and (ii) interacted more frequently with the tool (for instance, by clicking the “logout” button). Furthermore, gamblers appeared to accept longer mandatory play breaks. However, only a fraction of post-intervention effects remained, and mainly only for gamblers who received a substantial number of long mandatory play breaks. Overall, the present study provides actionable insights for both researchers and the gambling industry to improve the effectiveness of mandatory play breaks as a responsible gambling tool.
Small Acts With Big Impacts: Does Garbage Classification Improve Subjective Well-Being in Rural China?
Authors: Li Junpeng , Vatsa Puneet , Ma Wanglin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolid waste has surged in rural China, home to more than 540 million people. To preserve the environment, the Chinese government has piloted garbage classification programs. However, little is known about whether and to what extent classifying garbage affects people's subjective well-being—should its effects be positive, people would be more amenable to classifying garbage, making it easier to entrench garbage classification practices and programs and ultimately improve the environment. Accordingly, we analyze the impact of garbage classification on subjective well-being using the 2020 China Land Economic Survey data. An endogenous treatment regression model is utilized to address self-selection into garbage classification programs. We find that this simple and somewhat mundane practice can significantly improve people's happiness and life satisfaction. These results reaffirm the compound benefits of allocating more public resources to accelerate the adoption of garbage classification in rural areas.
Systematic review of machine learning-based radiomics approach for predicting microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Qiang , Xu Jianhua , Wang Anrong , Chen Yi , Wang Tian , Chen Danyu , Zhang Jiaxing , Brismar Torkel B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to systematically summarize the performance of the machine learning-based radiomics models in the prediction of microsatellite instability (MSI) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). It was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA) guideline and was registered at the PROSPERO website with an identifier CRD42022295787. Systematic literature searching was conducted in databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to November 10, 2022. Research which applied radiomics analysis on preoperative CT/MRI/PET-CT images for predicting the MSI status in CRC patients with no history of anti-tumor therapies was eligible. The radiomics quality score (RQS) and Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) were applied to evaluate the research quality (full score 100%). Twelve studies with 4,320 patients were included. All studies were retrospective, and only four had an external validation cohort. The median incidence of MSI was 19% (range 8–34%). The area under the receiver operator curve of the models ranged from 0.78 to 0.96 (median 0.83) in the external validation cohort. The median sensitivity was 0.76 (range 0.32–1.00), and the median specificity was 0.87 (range 0.69–1.00). The median RQS score was 38% (range 14–50%), and half of the studies showed high risk in patient selection as evaluated by QUADAS-2. In conclusion, while radiomics based on pretreatment imaging modalities had a high performance in the prediction of MSI status in CRC, so far it does not appear to be ready for clinical use due to insufficient methodological quality.
Policing Disobedient Demonstrations
Authors: Monaghan Jake 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article sketches a case for the importance of allowing and protecting civil disobedience in a democratic society. There are weighty reasons for non-enforcement of certain laws under certain circumstances, which undermines the legalistic claim that justice requires police to faithfully (try to) enforce all laws at all times. Furthermore, questions about how the police should respond to disobedient demonstrations are not settled by popular theoretical treatments of civil disobedience. Police responses to disobedient demonstrations should be guided by a principle of proportionality. This proportionality requirement is more stringent in cases of self-generated needs for self-defense. Common police tactics like “skirmish lines” predictably escalate interactions and create a need for further defensive force, thereby violating the proportionality requirement.
Organic agriculture in a low-emission world: exploring combined measures to deliver a sustainable food system in Sweden
Authors: Basnet Shyam , Wood Amanda , Röös Elin , Jansson Torbjörn , Fetzer Ingo , Gordon Line 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the EU, including Sweden, organic farming is seen as a promising pathway for sustainable production, protecting human health and animal welfare, and conserving the environment. Despite positive developments in recent decades, expanding organic farming to the Swedish national target of 30% of farmland under organic production remains challenging. In this study, we developed two scenarios to evaluate the role of organic farming in the broader context of Swedish food systems: (i) baseline trend scenario (Base), and (ii) sustainable food system scenario (Sust). Base describes a future where organic farming is implemented alongside the current consumption, production and waste patterns, while Sust describes a future where organic farming is implemented alongside a range of sustainable food system initiatives. These scenarios are coupled with several variants of organic area: (i) current 20% organic area, (ii) the national target of 30% organic area by 2030, and (iii) 50% organic area by 2050 for Sust. We applied the ‘FABLE (Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-use and Energy) Calculator’ to assess the evolution of the Swedish food system from 2000 to 2050 and evaluate land use, emissions and self-sufficiency impacts under these scenarios. Our findings show that expanding organic farming in the Base scenarios increases the use of cropland and agricultural emissions by 2050 compared to the 2010 reference year. However, cropland use and emissions are reduced in the Sust scenario, due to dietary changes, reduction of food waste and improved agricultural productivity. This implies that there is room for organic farming and the benefits it provides, e.g. the use of fewer inputs and improved animal welfare in a sustainable food system. However, changing towards organic agriculture is only of advantage when combined with transformative strategies to promote environmental sustainability across multiple sections, such as changed consumption, better production and food waste practices.
Molecular and therapeutic effect of CRISPR in treating cancer
Authors: Rodrigo Sawani , Senasinghe Kaveesha , Quazi Sameer 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCancer has become one of the common causes of mortality around the globe due to mutations in the genome which allows rapid growth of cells uncontrollably without repairing DNA errors. Cancers could arise due alterations in DNA repair mechanisms (errors in mismatch repair genes), activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Each cancer type is different and each individual has a unique genetic change which leads them to cancer. Studying genetic and epigenetic alterations in the genome leads to understanding the underlying features. CAR T therapy over other immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies has been widely used to treat cancer in recent days and gene editing has now become one of the promising treatments for many genetic diseases. This tool allows scientists to change the genome by adding, removing or altering genetic material of an organism. Due to advance in genetics and novel molecular techniques such as CRISPR, TALEN these genes can be edited in such a way that their original function could be replaced which in turn improved the treatment possibilities and can be used against malignancies and even cure cancer in future along with CAR T cell therapy due to the specific recognition and attacking of tumor.
Assessment of Cadmium Concentrations in Foodstuffs and Dietary Exposure Risk Across China: A Metadata Analysis
Authors: Qing Ying , Li Yongzhen , Cai Xinyi , He Wenting , Liu Shishi , Ji Yunhe , Jiang Meng , Yang Linjing , Wang Jutao , Ping Siyuan , Chen Yu , Luo Yingyi , Li Yanfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is a persistent and toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment and can cause damage to a variety of human organs and systems. Based on published studies from 2000 to 2021, this study established a comprehensive database of Cd concentrations in Chinese foods, and described the spatial and temporal trends of Cd concentrations in foods across China. The average Cd concentration in total foodstuff was 0.078 mg/kg, with edible fungi and algae having the highest concentrations, followed by aquatic foods, nuts, cereals, beans, vegetables, meats, eggs, milk, and fruits. The average dietary Cd exposure of Chinese residents was 34.3 μg/day (varying from 22.6 to 54.5 μg/day across regions), with the highest exposures in South China. Cereals (46.2%), vegetables (19.2%), and aquatic food (18.4%) contributed the most to the dietary Cd exposure of Chinese residents. According to Monte Carlo simulations of the risk assessment of dietary exposure to Cd, approximately, 15.4% of the Chinese population exceeded the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives health-based guidance value. The hazard quotient and excess lifetime cancer risk indices of dietary Cd exposure indicated that the Chinese residents would not be at significant non-cancer and carcinogenic risk. In summary, this study obtained comprehensive and reliable results on Cd concentrations in Chinese food and dietary Cd exposure risk of Chinese residents, which can provide a data base for the development of dietary Cd exposure limits in China.
Clinical spectrum and currently available treatment of type I interferonopathy Aicardi–Goutières syndrome
Authors: Dell’Isola Giovanni Battista , Dini Gianluca , Culpepper Kaleb Logan , Portwood Katherin Elizabeth , Ferrara Pietro , Di Cara Giuseppe , Verrotti Alberto , Lodolo Mauro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetically determined disorder with a variable phenotype. Since the original description of AGS, advances in gene sequencing techniques have resulted in a significant broadening of the phenotypic spectrum associated with AGS genes, and new clinical pictures have emerged beyond the classic presentation. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical spectrum of AGS and report currently available treatments and new immunosuppressive strategies.

Data sources
Literature reviews and original research articles were collected from databases, including PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov. Relevant articles about AGS were included.

Results
The involvement of the nervous system certainly represents the major cause of mortality and morbidity in AGS patients. However, other clinical manifestations, such as chilblains, hepatosplenomegaly, and hematological disturbances, may lead to the diagnosis and considerably impact the prognosis and overall quality of life of these patients. Therapeutic approaches of AGS are limited to interventions aimed at specific symptoms and the management of multiple comorbidities. However, advances in understanding the pathogenesis of AGS could open new and more effective therapies.

Conclusions
The over-activation of innate immunity due to upregulated interferon production plays a critical role in AGS, leading to multi-organ damage with the main involvement of the central nervous system. To date, there is no specific and effective treatment for AGS. New drugs specifically targeting the interferon pathway may bring new hope to AGS patients.
Recovery of High Valuable Bioactive Molecules from Vaccinium myrtillus L. Bioresidues
Authors: Plasencia Paula , Heleno Sandrina A. , Finimundy Tiane , Carocho Márcio , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Añibarro-Ortega Mikel , Alves Maria José , Oludemi Taofiq , Quidiongo Nuno , Barreiro Filomena , García Pablo A. , Ferreira Isabel C. F R. , Barros Lillian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The interest in using bioresidues produced by the agri-food industry is increasingly intrinsic to the world economy. As such, researchers started to look for new ways to enhance its use, developing innovations to transform these residues into high-value raw materials with industrial application, promoting the circular economy concept.

Methods
Therefore, pruning residues from the production of Vaccinium myrtillus L. could be an interesting exploitation field, given its position as a superfood due to its well-known antioxidant properties. The antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tyrosinase, and cytotoxicity potentials of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of V. myrtillus aerial parts were evaluated.

Results
From the obtained results, ultrasound-assisted and maceration extracts were found to be as effective as, if not more effective than, conventional antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Aside from antibacterial activity, the extracts also showed antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase effects, which were found to be favourably related to the level of caffeoylquinic acid derivatives.

Conclusion
The obtained results highlight the bioactive potential and the importance of exploiting this bio residue as a novel candidate for industrial application, taking advantage of their biological properties.

Graphical Abstract
Critical metrics for quadratic curvature functionals on some solvmanifolds
Authors: Calvaruso Giovanni , Zaeim Amirhesam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe prove the existence of four-dimensional compact manifolds admitting some non-Einstein Lorentzian metrics, which are critical points for all quadratic curvature functionals. For this purpose, we consider left-invariant semi-direct extensions $$G_{\mathcal S}=H \rtimes \exp ({\mathbb {R}}S)$$

G
S

=
H
⋊
exp

(
R
S
)

of the Heisenberg Lie group H, for any $$\mathcal S \in {\mathfrak {s}}{\mathfrak {p}}(1,\mathbb R)$$

S
∈
s
p
(
1
,
R
)

, equipped with a family $$g_a$$

g
a

of left-invariant metrics. After showing the existence of lattices in all these four-dimensional solvable Lie groups, we completely determine when $$g_a$$

g
a

is a critical point for some quadratic curvature functionals. In particular, some four-dimensional solvmanifolds raising from these solvable Lie groups admit non-Einstein Lorentzian metrics, which are critical for all quadratic curvature functionals.
Two Kinds of Process or Two Kinds of Processing? Disambiguating Dual-Process Theories
Authors: Augusto Rafael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDual-Process Theories (D-PTs) claim there are two qualitatively different types of processes in the human brain-mind. Despite forming the basis for several areas of cognitive science, they are still shrouded in ambiguity: critics erroneously attack D-PTs as a whole (e.g., Evans and Stanovich Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(3), 2013), the qualitative/quantitative distinction is not clear enough (De Neys Perspectives on Psychological Science 16 (6): 1412–1427, 2021; Dewey 2022) and, given this criterion, deciding between qualitative or quantitative differences may even be scientifically irrelevant (De Neys 2021). As a way of disambiguating the discussion and clarifying what exactly means to claim the existence of a second type of process, I define two possible categories of D-PT: The substantial and the instrumental. In the substantial case, Type 2 processes are subpersonal level ones. In the instrumental case, Type 2 processing is a personal level phenomenon that does not necessarily imply subpersonal level Type 2 processes. Discussing the different implications of each of the categories, I use as a main example to illustrate the ambiguity – and the exercise of disambiguation – the model proposed by Evans and Stanovich (2013), making clear its substantial character, and contrast it with Frankish’ (2009) – a clear case of instrumental D-PT. Finally, I discuss the contributions this distinction can make. By making the discussion clearer, it can provide a relatively unanimous framework for dual- and single-process theorists (the instrumental version) and clearer desiderata for those wishing to defend the substantive one.
Integrated Public Transportation System with Shared Autonomous Vehicles and Fixed-Route Transits: Dynamic Traffic Assignment-Based Model with Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Maruyama Ryota , Seo Toru 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe shared autonomous vehicle (SAV) system is considered as an efficient transportation mode in the future. In the literature, optimization of SAV systems has been extensively studied. However, SAV systems could bring greater social benefits if we could use them with existing public transportation systems, such as bus rapid transit (BRT), in an integrated manner. This study proposes a model of SAV-BRT system, an integrated system that takes advantage of the flexibility of SAVs and the mass transport capability of BRT. The proposed model is based on a dynamic traffic assignment model so that it captures important features of SAV-BRT system, such as endogenous traffic congestion, detour and waiting of SAVs, BRT’s dynamic scheduling. The model is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem so that trade-off relations regarding the system’s performance can be explicitly analyzed. The behavior of the model is investigated by conducting numerical experiments based on actual travel data obtained from an urban area in Japan. As a result, we confirmed that the model behaves reasonably, and several insights on SAV-BRT systems have been obtained.