bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2 storage capacity of coal seams: a screening and geological review of carboniferous coal formations of Kazakhstan
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Junussov Medet , Longinos Sotirios , Hazlett Randy , Satibekova Sandugash 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration linked to human activity results in global warming by the greenhouse effect. This anthropogenic CO2 may be sequestrated into geological formations, e.g., porous basalts, saline aquifers, depleted oil or gas reservoirs, and unmineable coal seams. Furthermore, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) methods are an acceptable and sustainable technology to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement, in which Kazakhstan is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 25% compared with the 1990 level. Unmineable coal seams are an attractive option among all geostorage solutions, as CO2 sequestration in coal comes with an income stream via enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) recovery. This paper identifies four carboniferous coal formations, namely Karagandy, Teniz-Korzhinkol, Ekibustuz, and Chu coal basins of Kazakhstan, as CO2 geostorage solutions for their unmineable coal seams. The ideal depth of CO2 storage is identified as 800 m to ensure the supercritical state of CO2. However, the Ekibustuz coal basin fails to meet the required depth of 800 m in its unmineable coal seams. The conventional formula for calculating CO2 storage in coal basins has been modified, and a new formula has been proposed for assessing the CO2 storage potential in a coal seam. The CO2 storage capacities of unmineable coal seam of these coal basins are 24.60 Bt, 0.61 Bt, 14.02 Bt, and 5.42 Bt, respectively. The Langmuir volume of the coal fields was calculated using the proximate analysis of coalfields and found to vary between 36.42 and 98.90 m3/ton. This paper is the first to outline CO2 storage potential in Kazakhstani coal basins, albeit with limited data, along with a detailed geological and paleographic review of the carboniferous coalfields of Kazakhstan. A short overview of the CO2-ECBM process was also included in the paper. Instead of any experimental work for CO2 storage, this paper attempts to present the CO2 storage capacity of carboniferous coal formation using the modified version of previously determined formulas for CO2 storage.
An Ultra-Stable, High-Energy and Wide-Temperature-Range Aqueous Alkaline Sodium-Ion Battery with the Microporous C4N/rGO Anode
Authors: Li Mengxiao , Li Rui , Ma Huige , Yang Mingsheng , Dai Yujie , Yu HaiPing , Hao Yuxin , Wang Zhihui , Wang Bei , Hu Mingjun , Yang Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Common anode materials in aqueous alkaline electrolytes, such as cadmium, metal hydrides and zinc, usually suffer from remarkable biotoxicity, high cost, and serious side reactions. To overcome these problems, we develop a conjugated porous polymer (CPP) in-situ grown on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Ketjen black (KB), noted as C4N/rGO and C4N/KB respectively, as the alternative anodes. The results show that C4N/rGO electrode delivers a low redox potential (−0.905 V vs. Ag/AgCl), high specific capacity (268.8 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), ultra-stable and fast sodium ion storage behavior (216 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1) in 2 M NaOH electrolyte. The assembled C4N/rGO//Ni(OH)2 full battery can cycle stably more than 38,000 cycles. Furthermore, by adding a small amount of antifreeze additive dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to adjust the hydrogen bonding network, the low-temperature performance of the electrolyte (0.1 DMSO/2 M NaOH) is significantly improved while hydrogen evolution is inhibited. Consequently, the C4N/rGO//Ni(OH)2 full cell exhibits an energy density of 147.3 Wh Kg−1 and ultra-high cycling stability over a wide temperature range from −70 to 45 °C. This work provides an ultra-stable high-capacity CPP-based anode and antifreeze electrolyte for aqueous alkaline batteries and will facilitate their practical applications under extreme conditions.
Integrating academic and professional integrity: a co-designed serious game for nursing students - a multi-methods study
Authors: Creighton Laura , Mitchell Gary , Hamilton Conor , Craig Stephanie , Stark Patrick , McLaughlin-Borlace Nuala , Slade Christine , Brown Wilson Christine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Academic integrity constitutes a cornerstone of higher education, epitomising values such as honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility. However, breaches in academic integrity persist among nursing students. Current responses to breaches predominantly adopt reactive and punitive measures, lacking proactive initiatives that cultivate active learning. Moreover, traditional didactic teaching methodologies may fail to resonate with the digital-native characteristics of contemporary students. Consequently, a discernible gap exists regarding novel approaches to instilling and upholding academic integrity within nursing education. The aim of this study is to explore and evaluate whether a co-designed serious game linking academic integrity and professionalism promotes motivation for self-perceived learning for first year undergraduate nursing students at one university in Northern Ireland. Using multi-methods, this study employed a pre-post validated 34-item Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire before and after students played the game, and qualitative focus groups that explored the students’ experience of playing the game and impact on academic practice. Quantitative results (n = 233) showed significance across the 6 sub-scales of the Modified Strategies for Learning Questionnaire including self-efficacy, peer learning and help-seeking. Three themes were developed from focus groups (n = 39) in relation to usability, professional values and transferable skills. The study findings indicate the game had a positive impact on motivation, critical thinking, and self-regulation among participants and successfully correlated academic integrity with universally shared nursing values, such as honesty, accountability, and openness. Suggesting that the integration of case-based learning within a serious game offers a proactive, rather than punitive, approach to academic misconduct education, with potential applicability across diverse cultural and professional contexts.
Mortality following hip fracture surgery in patients with dementia: a Swedish multiple national register study
Authors: Axenhus Michael , Hägg Sara J. , Eriksdotter Maria , Hedström Margareta , Religa Dorota 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Hip fractures in older adults are a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality, with the presence of dementia further complicating outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between hip fractures and mortality of patients with dementia and dementia types in comparison to those without dementia following hip fracture surgery.

Methods
Utilizing data from the Swedish Hip Fracture Register (SHR), Swedish Registry for Cognitive/Dementia Disorders (SveDem), National Patient Register (NPR), and National Prescribed Drug Register (PDR), we conducted a retrospective analysis of 111,353 patients aged 65 and older who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2010 and 2018. Patients were categorized into two cohorts: those with and without a known diagnosis of dementia prior to the hip fracture. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate mortality risk factors.

Results
Of the study sample, 22% had dementia. Dementia patients exhibited higher mortality rates at 30 days with 13% vs. 6%, (p < 0.001), 4 months with 27% vs. 12%, (p < 0.001) and at 1 year with 39% vs. 20%, post-fracture (p < 0.001). Higher ASA grades, poor baseline walking ability, and long-term care residency were also associated with increased mortality. Parkinson’s disease dementia was associated with a higher mortality compared to other dementias during the first 4 months post-operatively.

Conclusion
Our findings revealed an association between dementia diagnosis and higher risk of mortality following hip fracture surgery. These findings underscore the need for specialized post-operative care. Involving specific post-operative geriatric competence, such as orthogeriatric or orthogeriatric models of care could potentially improve outcomes. Further research is needed to explore the impact of dementia severity and subtype on mortality.
Association between healthy beverage index and healthy beverage score with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Leilami Kimia , Mahmoudi Zahra , Ghazimpradi Zahra , Nouri Mehran , Ardekani Atefeh Torabi , Ardekani Fariba Moradi , Zare Morteza , Masoumi Seyed Jalil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a widespread and complex health disorder. Dietary habits and consumption of simple sugars have been shown to play an important role in the prevention and treatment of MetS. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a population of 3380 adults from the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) employees’ health cohort. The healthy beverage index (HBI) and healthy beverage score (HBS) were calculated. Risk for MetS and its components, including blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were measured using standardised protocols. Results showed a significant inverse association between higher adherence to HBI (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.48–0.74, P < 0.001) and HBS (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65–0.97, P = 0.030) with lower risk of MetS. Also, we observed a significant association between higher level of HBI and HBS with decreased risk of hypertension, as a critical component of MetS. These findings support the notion that healthier beverage consumption, as indicated by higher HBI and HBS levels, may play a critical role in reducing the risk of MetS.
Transitory and Permanent Cash Flow Shocks in Debt Contract Design
Authors: Ma Le , Sikochi Anywhere , Xiao Yajun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We examine how lenders design contracts to account for transitory and permanent cash flow shocks facing borrowers. We find that volatile transitory cash flow shocks are associated with fewer liquidity covenants, indicating financial flexibility that enables firms to survive liquidity crunches. The opposite is true for volatile permanent cash flow, suggesting that borrowers’ economic fundamentals are important credit risk factors. Subsequent analyses show that borrowers exposed to transitory (permanent) shocks face less (more) severe credit consequences following poor performance. Overall, we show that transitory and permanent cash flow shocks have significant and opposite effects on debt contract covenant design.
The Efficacy Problem
Authors: Ramsauer Laurenz 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Legal theorists agree widely on two necessary and jointly sufficient conditions for the existence of a legal system: a legal system exists if (i) legal officials adopt a critically reflective attitude toward the legal system’s foundational rule, and (ii) the substantive laws of the system are “by and large” efficacious. The latter “efficacy condition” plausibly applies to all posited law, paradigmatically including modern centralized legal systems and less paradigmatic instances like international law. And yet, philosophers have also frequently pointed out the difficulty in determining precisely what this efficacy amounts to. In this article, I argue that the persisting difficulty of explaining the efficacy of law results from three tempting but inadequate assumptions about posited law and that our basic assumptions need to be revised accordingly.
Lösungsorientierte Maltherapie mit Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Riner Simone , Merz Jörg 
Published: February 2025

Die Lösungsorientierte Maltherapie (LOM) bietet eine willkommene neue Form der Kommunikation für Kinder und Jugendliche, denn oft fällt es jungen Menschen schwer, ihre Gefühle, Bedürfnisse und Gedanken in Worte zu fassen.Simone Riner und Jörg Merz lassen in diesem Band erfahrene Kunsttherapeut:innen zu Wort kommen, die authentisch und anschaulich von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 4 bis 18 Jahren berichten; von ihren Sorgen, Bedürfnissen und Ängsten.Im ersten Teil werden das Vorgehen und die Prinzipien der Lösungsorientierten Maltherapie vorgestellt. Danach werden pro Alter Fallbeispiele beziehungsweise wirksame Prozessverläufe anhand diverser Themen beschrieben, wie zum Beispiel:	unkontrollierbare Wut	Albträume	Schulangst	Trennung der Eltern	Cybermobbing	Anorexie	TranssexualitätBegleitet werden alle Beispiele mit den entsprechenden Bildern, die während des Prozesses entstanden sind.Therapeut:innen und Erziehungsverantwortliche erhalten einen tiefen Einblick in die Lösungsorientierte Maltherapie und dadurch die Chance, neue Perspektiven für die Arbeit und die Behandlung von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu entdecken.
TDP43 is a newly identified substrate for PS1, enhancing the expression of APP following cleavage
Authors: Yin Hanlan , Wang Yuxiang , Ren Zhichao , Xiao Zixuan , Zhang Yan , Wang Yibo , Guo Zining , Chen Lu , Bao Xinlu , Bei Yingshuo , Fu Xueqi , Zeng Linlin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been comprehensively studied; however, most research has focused on Aβ plaque deposition and Tau protein phosphorylation. Emerging evidence suggests that TDP43 may be significantly involved AD and potentially worsening its pathology. To investigate the role of TDP43 in the pathological development of AD, we employed the STRING protein network interaction tool to identify potential relationships between TDP43 and other proteins, including PS1 and APP. Subsequent co-immunoprecipitation experiments were conducted, and the results indicated that TDP43 could interact with PS1. Further studies have shown that the interaction between the two would also lead to the loss of nuclear localization of TDP43. We also found that overexpression or knockdown of PS1 in both primary cells, HeLa and NSC34 cells indicated that TDP43 is likely to be a substrate of PS1. Subsequent use of the L685,458 and z-VAD, the PS1 mutant plasmids D257A and D385A, and bioinformatics approaches demonstrated that PS1 is dependent on γ-secretase and caspase activity to cleave TDP43, and that the cleavage site is at amino acid 315 of TDP43. Besides, our study demonstrated that the interaction of TDP43 with PS1 in primary cells, HeLa and NSC34 cells can promote APP expression, resulting in elevated Aβ levels. Finally, we investigated whether the interaction between TDP43 and PS1 affects the expression of other PS1 substrates, Notch and E-cadherin. Our results demonstrated that TDP43 cleaved by PS1 only promoted APP expression and had no effect on other PS1 substrates. In conclusion, these results suggest that TDP43 is a new substrate of PS1 and that TDP43 cleaved by PS1 promotes APP expression, which leads to increased Aβ content, which may explain why TDP43 promotes AD development. These insights enhance our understanding of TDP43’s role in AD development.
Optic disc parameters and associations with early life exposures in over 3000 12-year-old children: findings from the ALSPAC cohort
Authors: Creavin Alexandra L. , Tilling Kate , Timpson Nicholas , Williams Cathy EM 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to investigate the distribution of small optic discs and large cup-to-disc ratio in children and to examine associations with maternal and environmental factors.

Methods
Retinal photographs were graded from over 3000 12-year-olds in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Regression models examined associations between disc parameters and maternal and early-life exposures.

Results
Mean cup-to-disc area ratio (CDAR) for 3288 children was 0.21 (95%CI 0.20,0.21). Discs with CDAR > 0.3 were present in 11%. The odds of CDAR > 0.3 were increased nearly three-fold in underweight children (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.9 (1.1, 7.3) p = 0.03) and 28-fold in severely premature ( < 28 weeks) children (paOR 28 95%CI 4.6,172, p < 0.001) with nearly one in four children affected. Mean cup-to-fovea/disc diameter (CF/DD) for 3327 children was 2.48 (95%CI 2.47,2.50). Small discs (CF/DD > 3) were present in 6% of which a third were bilateral. The odds of a small disc were increased in the offspring of mothers who smoked in pregnancy (aOR 1.7 (1.0,2.8) p = 0.04) and more than doubled in children born with a small head circumference (aOR 2.5 (1.4,4.5) p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Small optic discs and high cup-to-disc ratio are more frequent than usually supposed at age 12. The odds of CDAR > 0.3 are increased by severe prematurity and pathologically low child BMI. The odds of a small disc are increased by maternal smoking and small head circumference. Optimisation of risk factors in pregnancy and delivery and early childhood nutrition may play an important role in ophthalmic neurodevelopment and thus have a lifelong impact on ocular health.
A capless hairpin-protected mRNA vaccine encoding the full-length Influenza A hemagglutinin protects mice against a lethal Influenza A infection
Authors: Solodushko Victor , Kim Jin H. , Fouty Brian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The success of mRNA vaccines in controlling the COVID 19 pandemic has confirmed the efficacy of synthetically synthesized mRNA in humans and has also provided a blueprint on how to design them in terms of molecular structure and cost. We describe a mRNA vector that, unlike linear mRNAs used in current vaccines/therapeutics, does not require a 5′ cap to function. The described mRNA vector initiates translation from an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) and contains specially designed self-folding secondary structures (hairpins) to protect the 5′ end against degradation, dramatically improving its stability. The produced mRNA did not require any additional modifications for functionality. The 5′ hairpins completely inhibited cap-dependent translation, and all vectors containing them required an IRES to express protein. When this capless mRNA vector was constructed to express the full-length Influenza A membrane protein hemagglutinin (HA), complexed with pre-formed lipid-based nanoparticles, and then injected into mice as a vaccine, it generated high titers of anti-HA antibodies and protected mice against a lethal dose of Influenza A.
Increased ectodysplasin-A2-receptor EDA2R is a ubiquitous hallmark of aging and mediates parainflammatory responses
Authors: Barbera Maria Chiara , Guarrera Luca , Re Cecconi Andrea David , Cassanmagnago Giada Andrea , Vallerga Arianna , Lunardi Martina , Checchi Francesca , Di Rito Laura , Romeo Margherita , Mapelli Sarah Natalia , Schoser Benedikt , Generozov Edward V. ,   Molecular Genetics Group, Sultanov Rinat I. , Kanygina Alexandra , Kulemin Nikolay A. , Semenova Ekaterina A. , Jansen Rick , de Geus Eco J. C. , Penninx Brenda , van Dongen Jenny , Craparotta Ilaria , Piccirillo Rosanna , Ahmetov Ildus I. , Bolis Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Intensive efforts have been made to identify features that could serve as biomarkers of aging. Yet, drug-based interventions aimed at lessening the detrimental effects of getting older are lacking. This is largely attributable to tissue-specificity, sex-related differences, and to the difficulty of identifying actionable targets, which continues to pose a significant challenge. Here, we implement a bioinformatics approach revealing that aging-associated increase of the transmembrane Ectodysplasin-A2-Receptor is a prominent tissue-independent alteration occurring in humans and other species, and is particularly pronounced in models of accelerated aging. We show that strengthening of the Ectodysplasin-A2-Receptor signalling axis in myogenic precursors and differentiated myotubes suffices to trigger potent parainflammatory responses, mirroring aspects of aging-driven sarcopenia. Intriguingly, obesity, insulin-resistance, and aging-related comorbidities, such as type-2-diabetes, result in heightened levels of the Ectodysplasin-A2 ligand. Our findings suggest that targeting the Ectodysplasin-A2 surface receptor represents a promising pharmacological strategy to mitigate the development of aging-associated phenotypes.
Three-dimensional, multimodal synchrotron data for machine learning applications
Authors: Green Calum , Ahmed Sharif , Marathe Shashidhara , Perera Liam , Leonardi Alberto , Gmyrek Killian , Dini Daniele , Le Houx James 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Machine learning techniques are being increasingly applied in medical and physical sciences across a variety of imaging modalities; however, an important issue when developing these tools is the availability of good quality training data. Here we present a unique, multimodal synchrotron dataset of a bespoke zinc-doped Zeolite 13X sample that can be used to develop advanced deep learning and data fusion pipelines. Multi-resolution micro X-ray computed tomography was performed on a zinc-doped Zeolite 13X fragment to characterise its pores and features before spatially resolved X-ray diffraction computed tomography was carried out to characterise the topographical distribution of sodium and zinc phases. Zinc absorption was controlled to create a simple, spatially isolated, two-phase material. Both raw and processed data are available as a series of Zenodo entries. Altogether we present a spatially resolved, three-dimensional, multimodal, multi-resolution dataset that can be used to develop machine learning techniques. Such techniques include the development of super-resolution, multimodal data fusion, and 3D reconstruction algorithms.
The c.119-123dup5bp mutation in human γC-crystallin destabilizes the protein and activates the unfolded protein response to cause highly variable cataracts
Authors: Shah Mohd Hussain , Vendra Venkata Pulla Rao , Ostrowski Christian , Ma Zhiwei , Hejtmancik J. Fielding 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ordered cellular architecture and high concentrations of stable crystallins are required for the lens to maintain transparency. Here we investigate the molecular mechanism of cataractogenesis of the CRYGC c.119-123dupGCGGC (p.Cys42AlafsX63) (CRYGC5bpdup) mutation. Lenses were extracted from wild type and transgenic mice carrying the CRYGC5bpdup minigene and RNA was isolated and converted into cDNA. Expression of genes in the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways was estimated by qRT-PCR and RNA seq and pathway analysis was carried out using the Qiagen IPA website. Postnatal 3 weeks (P3W) Transgenic mice exhibited phenotypic diversity with a dimorphic population of severe and clear lenses. PCA of RNA seq data showed separate clustering of wild-type, clear CRYGC5bpdup, and severe CRYGC5bpdup lenses. Transgenic mice showed differential upregulation in Master regulator Grp78 (Hspa5) and downstream targets in the PERK-dependent UPR pathway including Atf4 and Chop (Ddit3), but not GADD34 (Ppp1r15a). Thus, high levels of CRYGC5bpdup transgene expression in severely affected lenses induces UPRer and UPRmt stress responses primarily through the PERK-dependent and Atf4/Atf5/Ddit3 pathways respectively, inducing autophagy and apoptosis and thence congenital nuclear cataracts. This effect is correlated to CRYGC5bpdup transgene expression, offering insight into cataract pathogenic pathways and recapitulating the variation in cataract severity in humans.