bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Removal of Congo Red from Water using Chitosan@UiO‐67 Hydrogel Spheres: Synthesis, Characterization and Adsorption Mechanisms
Authors: Jing Zhenyu , Li Yanhui , Zhang Yang , Wang Mingzhen , Chen Bing , Sun Yaohui , Chen Kewei , Du Qiuju , Pi Xinxin , Wang Yuqi , Zhao Shiyong , Jin Yonghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA hydrogel (Chitosan@UiO‐67) adsorbent was prepared by a green and simple method for the adsorption of Congo red. SEM, FT‐IR, TGA, BET, and XRD were used to characterize CS@UiO‐67 hydrogel. The effects of temperature, initial CR concentration, contact time, pH, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption properties of CS@UiO‐67 hydrogel were studied in batch adsorption experiments. FT‐IR analysis showed that the hydroxyl group of chitosan had covalent coordination with Zr, which enhanced the stability of chitosan after complexation with UiO‐67. As for the adsorption experiment, the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent calculated by the Langmuir model was 1001.2 mg ⋅ g−1 at room temperature (301 K). Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of congo red on CS@UiO‐67 hydrogel conformed to the pseudo‐second‐order model. The adsorption process accorded with the Langmuir model by isotherm analysis. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption of CR on CS@UiO‐67 hydrogel spheres was mainly attributed to electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonds, and π‐π bonds. After four cycles of regeneration, the material removal rate can still reach about 65 %. The new adsorbent has good application prospects.
Carbon Dots as Solubilizing Agent for Insoluble Phosphates in Enhancing Soil Fertility
Authors: Gogoi Jahnabi , Sarma Tridib K. , Chowdhury Devasish 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhosphorous (P) is one of the most essential macronutrients plants need for their growth. One of the ways of increasing the availability of P in the soil is by devising methods of solubilizing insoluble phosphates. Glucose is an important carbohydrate component of fulvic acids which has demonstrated its utility in solubilizing insoluble phosphates. In this work, we explored the applicability of carbon dots from glucose (GL‐CD) and N‐doped GL‐CD in solubilizing water‐insoluble inorganic phosphates viz. tricalcium phosphate and copper phosphate. The carbon dots were directly applied to the soil, and the concentration of phosphates available in the soil was estimated by a UV‐visible spectrophotometer. It was observed that tricalcium phosphate, on treatment with GL CD after 30 days, the available phosphate in soil increased by 106.5 %, and mixture of GL CD and N‐GL CD resulted in an increase of 88.7 %. Similarly, for copper phosphate, the available phosphate in soil increased by 186.5 %, 189.1 %, and 164 % after 30 days of treatment with N‐GL CD, GL CD, and mixture of N‐GL CD and GL CD, respectively. Herein, carbon dots derived from glucose has been demonstrated as agents for solubilizing insoluble phosphates, which might be insightful for the application of nanomaterials in agriculture.
Accessing 7‐Azaaurones of Controllable E and Z Configurations from 8‐Azaflavones via a Rearrangement‐Acylation‐Photoisomerization Sequence
Authors: Saulnier Steve , Mehiaoui Nawel , Leleu Stéphane , Jean Ludovic 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe amine‐promoted rearrangement of 3‐halogenated and 3‐tosylated flavones into amino‐substituted aurones is a reliable but little‐explored method in aurone synthesis. We extend it to 8‐azaflavones, readily prepared from 3‐cyano‐2‐pyridones by the Baker‐Venkataraman methodology. They rearrange into 7‐azaaurones under mild conditions in the presence of a broad range of aliphatic primary and secondary amines, including bulky amines for which steric hindrance issues are overcome by Lewis base organocatalysis. Primary amines selectively give the E configuration through an intramolecular stabilising hydrogen bond between the amino substituent and the carbonyl oxygen. Suppressing such hydrogen bonds by N‐acylation allows accessing the Z configuration by simple photoisomerization. Thus, we propose a methodology that allows access to the 7‐azaaurone scaffold and allows controlling the E/Z configuration by switching from an amino to an amido substituent at the double bond. Finally, the rearrangement‐acylation‐photoisomerization sequence is successfully extended to 2‐ethylidenefuropyridin‐3‐ones.
Mitigating Ion Migration with an Ultrathin Self‐Assembled Ionic Insulating Layer Affords Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Haodan , Fang Yanyan , Lei Yan , Wu Jinpeng , Li Minghua , Li Xiangrong , Cheng Hong Bo , Lin Yuan , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting increasing attention because they play an irreplaceable role in tandem solar cells. Nevertheless, wide‐bandgap PSCs suffer large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) loss and instability due to photoinduced halide segregation, significantly limiting their application. Herein, a bile salt (sodium glycochenodeoxycholate, GCDC, a natural product), is used to construct an ultrathin self‐assembled ionic insulating layer firmly coating the perovskite film, which suppresses halide phase separation, reduces VOC loss, and improves device stability. As a result, 1.68 eV wide‐bandgap devices with an inverted structure deliver a VOC of 1.20 V with an efficiency of 20.38%. The unencapsulated GCDC‐treated devices are considerably more stable than the control devices, retaining 92% of their initial efficiency after 1392 h storage under ambient conditions and retaining 93% after heating at 65 °C for 1128 h in an N2 atmosphere. This strategy of mitigating ion migration via anchoring a nonconductive layer provides a simple approach to achieving efficient and stable wide‐bandgap PSCs.
Spontaneous Formation of Uniform Cell‐Sized Microgels through Water/Water Phase Separation
Authors: Shono Mayu , Honda Gen , Yanagisawa Miho , Yoshikawa Kenichi , Shioi Akihisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, a one‐step method is discussed for producing uniform cell‐sized microgels using glass capillaries filled with a binary polymer blend of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and gelatin. Upon decreasing temperature, phase separation of the PEG/gelatin blends and gelation of gelatin occur, and then the polymer blend forms linearly aligned, uniformly sized gelatin microgels in the glass capillary. When DNA is added to the polymer solution, gelatin microgels entrapping DNA are spontaneously formed, and the DNA prevents the coalescence of the microdroplets even at temperatures above the melting point. This novel method to form uniform cell‐sized microgels may be applicable to other biopolymers. This method is expected to contribute to diverse materials science via biopolymer microgels and biophysics and synthetic biology through cellular models containing biopolymer gels.
Three‐in‐One Strategy Constructing the First High‐Performance Nonlinear Optical Sulfide Crystallizing with the P43 Space Group
Authors: Li Jun , Li Xiao‐Hui , Yao Wen‐Dong , Liu Wenlong , Guo Sheng‐Ping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe balance between large nonlinear optical (NLO) effect and wide bandgap is the key scientific issue for the exploration of infrared NLO materials. Targeting this issue, two new pentanary chalcogenides KGaGe1.37Sn0.63S6 (1) and KGaGe1.37Sn0.63Se6 (2) are obtained by the three‐in‐one strategy, viz. three types of fourfold‐coordinated metal elements co‐occupying the same site. They crystallize in the tetragonal P43 (1) and monoclinic Cc (2) space group. Their structures can be evolved from benchmark AgGaS2 (AGS) by suitable substitution. Remarkably, 1 is the first NLO sulfide crystallizing with the P43 space group, representing a new structure‐type NLO material. The structural relationship between 1 and 2 and the evolution from 1, 2 to AGS are also analyzed. Both 1 and 2 show balanced NLO properties. Specifically, 1 exhibits phase‐matchable SHG response of 0.6 × AGS, a wide bandgap of 3.50 eV, and a high laser damage threshold of 6.24 × AGS. Theoretical calculation results suggest that the Ga/Ge/Sn element ratios of the co‐occupied sites of 1 and 2 are the most appropriate for stabilizing the structures. The strategy adopted here will provide some inspiration for exploring new high‐performance NLO materials.
Improvement of photostability and thermal stability of PVC by carbon quantum dots loaded on TiO2
Authors: Yu Chen , Li Degang , Han Wenyuan , Kong Yifan , Zhang Lijie , Chen Mingguang , Hu Kunsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) has a strong oxidation effect when absorbing ultraviolet light. Therefore, when TiO2 is used as a light stabilizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), it will cause the photodegradation of PVC. Herein, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) coated TiO2 composite (TiO2@CQDs) was prepared by a one‐step hydrothermal method. The prepared TiO2@CQDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The photostability of PVC film containing TiO2@CQDs was investigated via photodegradation conductivity test, weight loss rate test, and ultraviolet aging test. Due to the down‐conversion effect of CQDs under ultraviolet light, its existence can alleviate the photoaging of PVC. In addition, the thermal stability of PVC containing TiO2@CQDs was studied by conductivity tests and oven thermal aging tests. The presence of CQDs significantly improved the thermal stability of PVC. Meanwhile, the HCl absorption capacity of CQDs could reach 30.8 mg/gcat. According to the DFT calculations, this high absorption capacity is attributed to the HCl immobilization effect via forming hydrogen bonds between HCl and the keto oxygen, carboxyl keto oxygen in CQDs. The hydroxyl group in CQDs could also combine ZnCl2 by forming a coordination bond.
Limited‐angle tomography reconstruction with aU‐Conv‐Swin‐Net
Authors: Fu Tianyu , Qiu Sen , Wang Yan , Zhang Kai , Zhou Chenpeng , Zhang Jin , Wang Shanfeng , Huang Wanxia , Tao Ye , Yuan Qingxi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractX‐ray computed tomography (CT) is widely used as a non‐destructive inspection technology. However, due to various limitations such as sample dimensions and blocking of in‐situ instruments, projections can be acquired only in a limited‐angle range during CT acquisition. When such projections are reconstructed with conventional algorithms, the details and contours are deteriorated by artefacts due to lack of information at certain view angles. To address this problem, we propose a reconstruction method based on U‐Conv‐Swin‐Net (UCSN) in this paper. Validated through synthetic and experimental data, the proposed method can effectively remove the degrading artefacts and fully restore the sample details and edges. In addition, the UCSN method exhibits superior reconstruction effect for different scanning ranges compared with conventional reconstruction methods.
The Future of Food from the Sea
Authors: Costello Christopher , Cao Ling , Gelcich Stefan , Cisneros Miguel Angel , Free Christopher M. , Froehlich Halley E. , Golden Christopher D. , Ishimura Gakushi , Maier Jason , Macadam-Somer Ilan , Mangin Tracey , Melnychuk Michael C. , Miyahara Masanori , de Moor Carryn L. , Naylor Rosamond , Nøstbakken Linda , Ojea Elena , O’Reilly Erin , Parma Ana M. , Plantinga Andrew J. , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , Lubchenco Jane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGlobal food demand is rising, and serious questions remain about whether supply can increase sustainably (FAO 2018). Land-based expansion is possible but may exacerbate climate change and biodiversity loss, and compromise the delivery of other ecosystem services (Olsen 2011; Foley et al. 2005, 2011; Mbow et al. 2019; Amundson et al. 2015). As food from the sea represents only 17% of the current production of edible meat, we ask how much food we can expect the ocean to sustainably produce by 2050. Here we examine the main food-producing sectors in the ocean—wild fisheries, finfish mariculture and bivalve mariculture—to estimate ‘sustainable supply curves’ that account for ecological, economic, regulatory and technological constraints. We overlay these supply curves with demand scenarios to estimate future seafood production. We find that under our estimated demand shifts and supply scenarios (which account for policy reform and technology improvements), edible food from the sea could increase by 21–44 million tons by 2050, a 36–74% increase compared to current yields. This represents 12–25% of the estimated increase in all meat needed to feed 9.8 billion people by 2050. Increases in all three sectors are likely, but are most pronounced for mariculture. Whether these production potentials are realized sustainably will depend on factors such as policy reforms, technological innovation and the extent of future shifts in demand.
Integrated Ocean Management
Authors: Winther Jan-Gunnar , Dai Minhan , Douvere Fanny , Fernandes Leanne , Halpin Patrick , Hoel Alf Håkon , Juinio-Meñez Marie Antonette , Li Yangfan , Morrissey Karyn , Rist Therese , Scarano Fabio Rubio , Trice Amy , Unger Sebastian , Whitehouse Sandra 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the unprecedented growth in economic activities relating to the ocean economy, the need for a sustainable concept where socioeconomic development can occur without environmental degradation is widely recognised. This is manifested at the global level by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which provides the basic global framework for ocean governance (United Nations 1982). Since then, the ocean economy has continued to grow alongside our need for food, energy, transportation and recreation from the ocean. Existing ocean industries expand while new ones appear. At the same time, new challenges are emerging as a result of climate change, loss of biodiversity, pollution and extractive activities. Our ocean is now facing these pressures at unprecedented rates and magnitudes. The mismatch between the drive for short- term economic gain versus long-term prosperity and a healthy, resilient ocean is increasingly apparent. As a result, we see a pressing need for holistic, knowledge- based and ecosystem-based approaches to ocean management. Integrated ocean management (IOM) is such an approach.
Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing and Associated Drivers
Authors: Widjaja Sjarief , Long Tony , Wirajuda Hassan , As Hennie Van , Bergh Per Erik , Brett Annie , Copeland Duncan , Fernandez Miriam , Gusman Ahmad , Juwana Stephanie , Ruchimat Toni , Trent Steve , Wilcox Chris 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIllegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing accounts for 20% of the world catch and up to 50% in some areas. This industry often uses bonded labour, destructive fishing practices and deceptive practices to reap profits at the expense of local fisheries, coastal states and the marine environment. Although international resolutions and reports have been issued for decades, countries have failed to enact and enforce regulations to stop these practices due to a lack of political will, resources and capacity.
The Expected Impacts of Climate Change on the Ocean Economy
Authors: Gaines Steve , Cabral Reniel , Free Christopher M. , Golbuu Yimnang , Arnason Ragnar , Battista Willow , Bradley Darcy , Cheung William , Fabricius Katharina , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove , Juinio-Meñez Marie Antonette , Molinos Jorge García , Ojea Elena , O’Reilly Erin , Turley Carol 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ocean is critically important to our global economy. Collectively, it is estimated that ocean-based industries and activities contribute hundreds of millions of jobs and approximately US$2.5 trillion to the global economy each year, making it the world’s seventh-largest economy when compared with national gross domestic products (GDPs) (Hoegh-Guldberg 2015; IPCC 2019). In addition, the nonmarket services and benefits provided by the ocean are significant and may in fact far exceed the value added by market-based goods and services (Costanza et al. 2014).
Ocean Solutions That Benefit People, Nature and the Economy
Authors: Stuchtey Martin R. , Vincent Adrien , Merkl Andreas , Bucher Maximilian , Haugan Peter M. , Lubchenco Jane , Pangestu Mari Elka 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis report can be read like a book, ‘cover to cover’—the reader will follow a narrative arc which balances hope and concern, present and future states, concrete examples and more abstract ideas.
Technology, Data and New Models for Sustainably Managing Ocean Resources
Authors: Leape Jim , Abbott Mark , Sakaguchi Hide , Brett Annie , Cao Ling , Chand Kevin , Golbuu Yimnang , Martin Tara , Mayorga Juan , Myksvoll Mari S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe are in the middle of an explosion in new data on the ocean, creating enormous potential for advances in our understanding and stewardship of ocean resources. An exponential increase in the number and variety of ocean observing systems and other new data sources has created the prospect of a digital ocean ecosystem. Advances in processing techniques and visualisation are rapidly expanding our ability to extract information from those data, and are enabling a wide array of tools to provide real-time information in actionable form to decision-makers, such as policymakers, resource managers, resource users, consumers and citizens.
Interrogating Civic Space: Applying a Civic-Driven Change Perspective
Authors: Biekart Kees , Fowler Alan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThroughout the world, we recognise a tendency for civic space to be limited by governments and private sector actors. A common reason is to reduce the advocacy pressure of civil society groups on their interests. But the issue seems to be more complex than just a tendency of ‘shrinking civic space’ which is undermining development. We see the influence of historical latency on civic agency and actors within socio-political processes, contributing to a renaissance of nationalisms as being a key problem. The question arises how civic agency is deployed to counteract these initiatives, and how latent civic resistance is being mobilised. A framework of civic-driven change is applied to analyse the political potential of these forces, and in this way also to ‘interrogate’ civic space. Is this really a useful tool for analysing opportunities for social resistance, or is it rather a way to depoliticise civil society discourse?
The Algerian Hirak: Civil Society and the Role of Artists in a Civic Space Under Pressure
Authors: Spitz René 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article is about artists as actors of change and culture as a domain and instrument to enhance civic space. From February 2019, for more than a year, hundreds of thousands of Algerians demonstrated every week all over the country peacefully for political reform. The social and political pressure of the Hirak (Arabic for movement) prevented president Bouteflika from running a fifth term. Many artists not only expressed their support to the aims of the Hirak, but contributed actively to it with their songs, poems, pictures and other forms of creativity.
Introduction and Research Agenda
Authors: Krafft Andreas M. , Guse Tharina , Slezackova Alena 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis introductory chapter presents the antecedents and the purpose that originated the creation of this book on cross-cultural studies on hope. It sketches the existential and multifaceted nature of hope and points to the array of disciplines that, over many decades and even centuries, have studied the phenomenon of hope from various scientific perspectives and in different contexts. Based on the past focus and the current challenges in psychological research on hope, it pleads for an inter- and transdisciplinary approach to the study of hope in diverse cultural contexts. After briefly introducing a cultural perspective on hope, we present the purpose, development, and research focus of the Hope Barometer international research program. We highlight the necessity to conceptualize hope in a trans-disciplinary and culture-sensitive way and then formulate a number of fundamental research questions that guided the empirical studies reported in this book. Assessing hope across cultures requires the development of measures that, on the one hand, prevent bias in the general conceptualization of hope and, on the other hand, permit the analysis of several elements and dimensions of hope, such as different hope targets, sources, and activities. Hope and its various elements and dimensions are partly rooted in diverse culturally tinted worldviews and values, displaying different correlations and predictors of hope across cultures. A succinct overview of the structure and single chapters of the book aims to show up the overall logic that guided its outline.
Long-term Future Expectations and Collective Hope
Authors: Krafft Andreas M. , Chukwuorji JohnBosco Chika , Choubisa Rajneesh , Conte Stella , Flores-Lucas Valle , Guse Tharina , Kasprzak Elżbieta , Marujo Helena Agueda , Nair Chitra S. , Redlich-Amirav Dorit , Sinclair Mark , Slezackova Alena , Stecz Patryk , Varsos Olga , Herrera Eduardo Wills 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to extend and explore the definition of collective hope as the shared desire for a better future not only for oneself, but for the entire social community, the belief that a better future for all is possible but not necessarily guaranteed or even likely, and the trust in the human capacity to cooperate and support each other towards the realization of a better world despite current struggles and challenges. Conceptually we chose an interdisciplinary approach, integrating insights from Positive Psychology, Futures Studies, and Pragmatic Hope Philosophy. After introducing the concept of collective hope we present the nature and role of images of the future in terms of probable, possible and desired future trends and scenarios. Based on data collected with the Hope Barometer across 12 countries in November 2019 (N = 10,665), we evaluated people’s long-term future expectations regarding the general quality of life, social trends and expected as well as wished-for future scenarios. We then related these expectations to perceived hope and social well-being. Our results suggest that long-term social expectations are significantly more pessimistic in European than in non-European countries and that personal hope levels are significantly higher in countries outside Europe. Moreover, an overwhelming majority of participants in this study preferred a social-sustainable over an individualist-competitive future scenario. Whereas future prospects had a significant effect on hope and (social) well-being, desirable images of the future hardly displayed an effect. Our findings highlight the importance of encouraging people to develop new positive pictures of the future which could foster hope, belief, and trust in a flourishing and sustainable world and to get engaged in its realization.