bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of virulence and antimicrobial related proteins in Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei
Authors: Paauw Armand , Scholz Holger C. , Mars-Groenendijk Roos H. , Dekker Lennard J. M. , Luider Theo M. , van Leeuwen Hans C. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei are both potential biological threat agents. Melioidosis caused by B. pseudomallei is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, while glanders caused by B. mallei infections are rare. Here we studied the proteomes of different B. mallei and B. pseudomallei isolates to determine species specific characteristics.

Methods
The expressed proteins of 5 B. mallei and 6 B. pseudomallei strains were characterized using liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Subsequently, expression of potential resistance and virulence related characteristics were analyzed and compared.

Results
Proteome analysis can be used for the identification of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei. Both species were identified based on >60 discriminative peptides. Expression of proteins potentially involved in antimicrobial resistance, AmrAB–OprA, BpeAB–OprB, BpeEF–OprC, PenA as well as several other efflux pump related proteins and putative β-lactamases was demonstrated. Despite, the fact that efflux pump BpeAB–OprB was expressed in all isolates, no clear correlation with an antimicrobial phenotype and the efflux-pump could be established. Also consistent with the phenotypes, no amino acid mutations in PenA known to result in β-lactam resistance could be identified.
In all studied isolates, the expression of virulence (related) factors Capsule-1 and T2SS was demonstrated. The expression of T6SS-1 was demonstrated in all 6 B. pseudomallei isolates and in 2 of the 5 B. mallei isolates. In all, except one B. pseudomallei isolate, poly-beta-1,6 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine export porin (Pga), important for biofilm formation, was detected, which were absent in the proteomes of B. mallei.
Siderophores, iron binding proteins, malleobactin and malleilactone are possibly expressed in both species under standard laboratory growth conditions. Expression of multiple proteins from both the malleobactin and malleilactone polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) clusters was demonstrated in both species. All B. pseudomallei expressed at least seven of the nine proteins of the bactobolin synthase cluster (bactobolin, is a ribosome targeting antibiotic), while only in one B. mallei isolate expression of two proteins of this synthase cluster was identified.

Conclusions
Analyzing the expressed proteomes revealed differences between B. mallei and B. pseudomallei but also between isolates from the same species. Proteome analysis can be used not only to identify B. mallei and B. pseudomallei but also to characterize the presence of important factors that putatively contribute to the pathogenesis of B. mallei and B. pseudomallei.
Hypertension in an Emergency Department Population in Moshi, Tanzania; A Qualitative Study of Barriers to Hypertension Control
Authors: Galson Sophie W. , Pesambili Msafiri , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Manavalan Preeti , Hertz Julian T. , Temu Gloria , Staton Catherine A. , Stanifer John W. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Sub-Saharan Africa has a high prevalence of hypertension with a low rate of awareness, treatment adherence, and control. The emergency department (ED) may represent a unique opportunity to improve hypertension screening, awareness, and linkage to care. We conducted a qualitative study among hypertensive patients presenting to the ED and their healthcare providers to determine barriers to hypertension care and control.

Methods
In northern Tanzania, between November and December 2017, we conducted three focus group discussions among patients with hypertension presenting to the emergency department and three in-depth interviews among emergency department physicians. In our study, hypertension was defined as a single blood pressure of ≥160/100 mm Hg or a two-time average of ≥140/90 mm Hg. Barriers to care were identified by thematic analysis applying an inductive approach within the framework method.

Results
We enrolled 24 total patients into three focus groups and performed three in-depth interviews with individual providers. Thematic analysis identified two major domains: 1) patient knowledge, attitudes, and practices, and 2) structural barriers to hypertension care. Four major themes emerged within the knowledge, attitudes, and practices domain, including disease chronicity, provider communication, family support, and fear-based attitudes. Within the structural domain, several themes emerged that identified barriers that impeded hypertension follow-up care and self-management, including cost, access to care, and transportation and wait time.

Conclusion
Patients and physicians identified multiple barriers and facilitators to hypertension care. These perspectives may be helpful to design emergency department-based interventions that target blood pressure control and linkage to outpatient care.
Fatigue and associated factors among adult cancer patients receiving cancer treatment at oncology unit in Amhara region, Ethiopia
Authors: Animaw Lingerew , Woldegiorgis Abate Teshager , Endeshaw Destaw , Tsegaye Dejen 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionFatigue is one of the most commonly and frequently reported symptoms by cancer patients. The cause of fatigue is multifactorial in origin, and its impact varies in range from affecting patients’ daily social life, and physical, mental, economic, and social well-being to becoming a threat to their quality of life. Therefore every cancer patient needs to be screened for fatigue and considered as one of the vital signs.ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of fatigue and associated factors among adult cancer patients, receiving cancer treatment at the oncology unit in Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2022.MethodInstitutional-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among adult cancer patients receiving cancer treatment from May 9th–June 8th, 2022. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were entered into Epi data version 4.6 and then exported to the SPSS statistical package version 23 for further analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out. P-values <0.05 in multivariable logistic regression were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of cancer-related fatigue was 77.3% at 95% CI (73.1–81.1) with nonresponse rate of 1.97% (9). Poor social support (AOR = 3.62; 95% CI: 1.53–8.60), anxiety (AOR = 3.13; 95% CI: 1.54–6.36), physical inactivity (AOR = 3.67; 95% CI: 1.74–7.54), underweight (AOR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.05–3.90), anemia (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.04–3.90), surgery as a treatment modality (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06–0.78), combination therapy (AOR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.68–7.54), treatment less than 3 cycle (AOR = 4.43; 95% CI: 1.53–12.80), and treatment 3–5 cycle (AOR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.38–9.09) were significantly associated factors with cancer related fatigue.ConclusionPsychosocial assessment and intervention, nutritional support, early intervention of anemia, and promoting exercise are the key elements to minimizing fatigue among cancer patients.
Coagulation measures after cardiac arrest (CMACA)
Authors: Kim Hyo Joon , Michael Kurz , Wee Jung Hee , Oh Joo Suk , Kim Won Young , Cho In Soo , Lee Mi Jin , Lee Dong Hun , Kim Yong Hwan , Youn Chun Song 
Published: January 2023

Background
During cardiac arrest (CA) and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation, activation of blood coagulation and inadequate endogenous fibrinolysis occur. The aim of this study was to describe the time course of coagulation abnormalities after out-of-hospital CA (OHCA) and to examine the association with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing targeted temperature management (TTM) after OHCA.

Methods
This prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study was performed in eight emergency departments in Korea between September 2018 and September 2019. Laboratory findings from hospital admission and 24 hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) were analyzed. The primary outcome was cerebral performance category (CPC) at discharge, and the secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 170 patients were included in this study. The lactic acid, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thrombin time (aPTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and D-dimer levels were higher in patients with poor neurological outcomes at admission and 24 h after ROSC. The lactic acid and D-dimer levels decreased over time, while fibrinogen increased over time. PT, aPTT, and INR did not change over time. The PT at admission and D-dimer levels 24 h after ROSC were associated with neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. Coagulation-related factors were moderately correlated with the duration of time from collapse to ROSC.

Conclusion
The time-dependent changes in coagulation-related factors are diverse. Among coagulation-related factors, PT at admission and D-dimer levels 24 h after ROSC were associated with poor neurological outcomes at hospital discharge in patients treated with TTM.
Rezum water vapor thermal therapy for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms: A retrospective single-centre analysis from a German high-volume centre
Authors: Winkler Thorben , von Klot Christoph A. J. , Madersbacher Stephan , Kuczyk Markus A. , Wolters Mathias 
Published: January 2023

Objective
Rezum is a minimal invasive surgical treatment for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). The aim of our study was to assess safety and efficacy of the Rezum procedure in a consecutive series of patients.

Material and methods
A retrospective study was performed in a single tertiary care hospital in patients undergoing Rezum procedure between 2018 and 2020. All patients that underwent intervention because of drug-refractory moderate to severe LUTS were assessed. Descriptive outcomes such as symptoms scores (IPSS, IPSS-QoL), peak flow in uroflowmetry (Qmax), post-micturition residual urine volume (PVR) and prostate volume (PVol) were analysed.

Results
In total, 92 Rezum procedures were performed in the observational period. All interventions were competed without device- or procedure relates adverse events. Patients achieved a significant symptom relief as measured in IPSS (50% reduction, p<0.001, n = 35) and IPSS-QoL score (53% reduction, p<0.001, n = 35). Qmax improved by 7.3 ml/s from 10.6 ± 4.2 ml/s to 17.9 ± 9.3 ml/s (p = 0.003, n = 20) were as mean PVR significantly decreased by 136 ml from 175 ± 194.1 to 39 ± 62 ml (p = 0.007, n = 20). PVol significantly decreased by 40.3% from 73.9 ± 41.2 to 44.9 ± 29 ccm (p = 0.024, n = 17). All pre-interventional catheter-depending patients (28.3% of all patient) were catheter independent after six weeks.

Conclusion
Rezum therapy is safe and effective and can be considered a viable treatment option for BPH related LUTS.
Tin filter compared to low kV protocols - optimizing sinonasal imaging in computed tomography
Authors: Schüle Simone , Strobel Joachim Rudolf Balthasar , Lorenz Kai Johannes , Beer Meinrad , Hackenbroch Carsten 
Published: January 2023

Objectives
Paranasal sinus imaging due to chronic inflammatory disease is one of the most common examinations in head and neck radiology with CT imaging considered the current gold standard. In this phantom study we analyzed different low dose CT protocols in terms of image quality, radiation exposure and subjective evaluation in order to establish an optimized scanning protocol.

Methods
In a phantom study, an Alderson phantom was scanned using 12 protocols between 70–120 kV and 25–200 mAs with and without tin filtration. For all datasets, iterative reconstruction was used. Data were objectively evaluated (image noise, (dose-weighted) contrast-to-noise ratio) and for subjective evaluation an online survey using a Likert scale was performed to reach a large group of clinically experienced reader (n = 62). The protocol was considered diagnostically insufficient if the median score was 4 and above and if more than 10% of raters scored 4 and above on the Likert scale. For an interreader agreement an ICC was calculated. To compare clinical value in relation to the applied dose and the objective image parameters, we calculated a figure of merit (FOM) and ranked the protocols accordingly.

Results
There was an overall moderate agreement between the 62 readers for the 12 examined CT protocols. In this phantom study, protocols with 100 kV with spectral shaping and 50–100 mAs obtained the best results for its combination of dose, image quality and clinical information value for diagnosing sinusitis (FOM 1st– 2nd place) with the 70 kV and 50 mAs as a good alternative as well (Sinusitis: FOM shared 2nd). For preoperative planning, where a higher dose is necessary, 100 kV with spectral shaping and 100 mAs achieved the overall best results (FOM 1st place) with 70 kV and 50 mAs ranking 4th.

Conclusion
100-kV protocols with spectral shaping or low kV protocols (70 kV) with a similarly low dose showed the best figure of merit for imaging sinonasal disease and preoperative planning. With modern scanner technology available, spectral shaping or low KV protocols should be used for sinusitis imaging.
The importance of information acquisition to settlement services literacy for humanitarian migrants in Australia
Authors: Abood Julianne , Green Julie , Polonsky Michael J. , Woodward Kerry , Tadjoeddin Zulfan , Renzaho Andre M. N. 
Published: January 2023

Background
Due to the diversity and range of services provided to humanitarian migrants during the settlement phase of migration, acquiring information across multiple service domains is intrinsic to the effective utilisation of settlement services. There are research gaps investigating how humanitarian migrants experience and navigate unfamiliar, multiple, and often complex information and service systems of host countries. This study seeks to understand the impediments to humanitarian migrants’ effective utilisation of information about settlement services and to identify strategies that can be implemented to overcome these barriers.

Methods
Service providers were purposively recruited from organisations funded by the Australian Government to deliver settlement programs. The study applied an inductive thematic analysis approach to identify key themes that emerged from the data.

Results
From the perspective of service providers, the themed findings identified how humanitarian migrants gain knowledge about services, their information needs, information seeking practices and skills, and information specific to service domains. The findings illustrate the importance of acquiring information, knowledge, and skills across multiple information platforms and service domains as being integral to the effective utilisation of settlement services for humanitarian migrants. The study identifies systemic barriers to information and service access and suggests different strategies and approaches to improve access to context specific key information. The study identifies factors that inhibit the effectiveness of the Australian settlement service provision model and emphasises the need for targeted training of mainstream referral services. The study highlights the important role that settlement service providers play as mediators of information, adept at tailoring information to humanitarian migrants’ individual and community information needs.

Conclusion
The findings provide important insights that highlight the different roles that policymakers, researchers, and service providers can play to inform new approaches that improve the effectiveness of information and settlement service provision, as part of contributing to optimum settlement outcomes for humanitarian migrants.
Neonatal palliative care: Assessing the nurses educational needs for terminally ill patients
Authors: Khraisat Omar M. , Al-Bashaireh Ahmad M. , Khafajeh Raed , Alqudah Ola 
Published: January 2023

Background
For terminally sick neonates and their families, it’s crucial to provide holistic nursing care that incorporates both curative and palliative care as much as feasible. It is well known that the biggest obstacle to delivering palliative care for neonatal children is a lack of training for nurses. Aim: The aim of this research is to investigate the experiences of nurses who provide care for neonates who are terminally ill as well as their educational requirements for neonatal palliative care.

Method
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 200 nurses working in a tertiary center providing care for terminally ill neonates in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected from using Neonatal Palliative Care Questionnaire (QNPC) from January 2021 to March 2021.

Results
Two hundred nurses were surveyed (the response rate was 79%). The mean age of the 158 participants was 35.67 (standard deviation (SD): 7.43), and the majority were female (151; 95.6%). The majority were bachelor’s holders (119; 75.3%), with more than 5 years of experience in providing care for neonates (100; 63.3%). Most of the participants reported not receiving any education about palliative care (115; 72.8%). Nurses reported a moderate level of experience in all areas of neonatal palliative care. The total mean score of palliative care experiences of neonates was 3.42 (SD: 1.35). However, the majority of nurses reported little experience discussing the transition period to palliative care for neonates 2.95 (SD: 1.93), the discussion of code status (DNR) during terminal illness of neonates 3.11 (SD: 1.54) and spiritual support 2.90 (SD: 1.55).

Conclusion
The assessment of the fundamental skills of neonatal palliative care by nurses was insufficient. To enhance the quality of care, it is crucial to incorporate education on neonatal palliative care into programs for nursing staff development.
The Securitisation of News in Turkey, Journalists as Terrorists?, Natalie Martin (2020)
Authors: Alrmizan Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Review of: The Securitisation of News in Turkey, Journalists as Terrorists?, Natalie Martin (2020)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 134 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-030-49380-6, h/bk, £49.99

Transmediality in Independent Journalism: The Turkish Case, Dilek Gürsoy (2020)
Abingdon: Routledge, 114 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36785-913-8, h/bk, £44.99

Discourse and Identity in Turkish Media, Süheyla Nil Mustafa and Ayşe Dilara Bostan (eds) (2021)
Oxford: Peter Lang, 188 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-63182-234-0, p/bk, £31.00

Journalism in Turkey: Practices, Challenges, Opportunities, Devrim İnce and Yurdagül Bezirgan Arar (eds) (2020)
Oxford: Peter Lang, 304 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-63182-886-1, p/bk, £51.00
Concentration-compactness principle associated with Adams' inequality in Lorentz-Sobolev space
Authors: Li Dongliang , Zhu Maochun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The concentration-compactness principle of Lions type in Euclidean space relies on the Pólya-Szegö inequality, which is not available in non-Euclidean settings. The first proof of the concentration-compactness principle in non-Euclidean setting, such as the Heisenberg group, was given by Li et al. by using a symmetrization-free nonsmooth truncation argument. In this article, we study the concentration-compactness principle of second-order Adams’ inequality in Lorentz-Sobolev space

W

0

2

L

2
,
q

(

Ω

)

{W}_{0}^{2}{L}^{2,q}(\Omega )

for all

1
<
q
<
∞

1\lt q\lt \infty

. Due to the absence of the Pólya-Szegö inequality with respect to the second-order derivatives, we will use a symmetrization-free argument to study the concentration-compactness principle of second-order Adams’ inequality in Lorentz-Sobolev space. Furthermore, we show the sharpness of result by constructing a test function sequence. Our result is even new in the first-order case when

q
>
2

q\gt 2

.
Primary-concern solicitation in Chinese medical encounters
Authors: Yang Zi , Wang Xueming , Li Tianzhu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Drawing on conversation analysis, this study examines primary-concern solicitation in Mandarin-speaking medical encounters in China. Based on the observation of naturally occurring solicitation sequences, we identify the major question formats and problem-solicitation patterns in China’s mainland. It is found that Chinese medical openings feature both the dominance of generic solicitation in primary-concern solicitation and the recurrence of phase-skipping business-specific solicitation. Chinese primary-concern solicitation tends to be both more permissive and restrictive than its English counterpart, driven by the same concern of consultation efficiency. The study contributes to a cross-cultural comparison of the medical activity and enriches the understanding of culture and language’s influence on performing social actions in medical encounters.
Experimental investigation of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints of polymeric plates
Authors: Dindar Berkant , Ağır İnan , Çallıoğlu Hasan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, the joint strengths of single-lap bolted and bolted/bonded (hybrid) joints formed by using four different engineering plastics were experimentally investigated. High-density polyethylene (HDPE), ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, Delrin (POM), and Teflon were used as plate materials in single-lap connections. Standard M6 bolts were used in bolt connections. The specimens were prepared as single bolted, double bolted, single bolted/bonded, and double bolted/bonded in 20, 40, and 60 mm single-lap lengths. Weicon company’s RK-7100 two-component adhesive was used as the adhesive. Tensile tests were carried out with the displacement control of 2 mm/min. After the tensile tests, load–extension graphs were created for each connection type, and the strengths of the connections were compared with each other. Three parameters were used to evaluate the strength of the additional lap joints. These are effect of the bolt numbers, effect of the adhesive, and effect of single-lap length. Depending on the plate material, double-bolt connections performed 20–56% better than single-bolt connections. The adhesive had no effect on ultimate joint strength. As the overlap length increased, an increase was generally observed in the joint strength of the specimens. Depending on the overlap length increase from 20 to 60 mm, the strength of the single-bolt configurations of HDPE-B specimens was found to be approximately two times that of the best results. When polymeric plates are compared among themselves, double-bolted Delrin (POM) specimens exhibited the highest joint strength in all single-lap lengths.