bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Approbation of the program of individual physical training of future officers using modern fitness technologies
Authors: Khomenko Oleksandr , Drahunov Dmytro , Butenko Anton , Solomakha Andrii , Nepomniashchyi Oleksandr , Gunbina Svietlana 
Published: June 2023

Summarizing the results of the analysis of scientific literature, it was established that the existing system of individual physical training of future officers needs scientifically based transformation in accordance with today's requirements. In addition, the members of the scientific research group found an insufficient number of scientific works devoted to solving the practical problem of forming the physical readiness of future officers in the system of individual physical training using modern fitness technologies (exercise equipment). This emphasizes the relevance and practical component of the chosen direction of scientific research.
The main goal of the study is the approval of the program of individual physical training of future officers using TRX training loops (modern technical means of training).
As a result of an empirical study, we tested the program of individual physical training of future officers of the NGU using TRX training loops (modern technical means of training). When comparing the indicators obtained as a result of the empirical study (before and after the approval of the experimental program with an emphasis on the use of TRX training loops and modern training equipment), it was established that, that the results obtained at the end of the pedagogical experiment in the studied groups increased relative to the initial data, and these differences are mostly reliable (Eg, P≤0.05). Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific research include the development of an experimental program of individual physical training of female cadets using TRX training loops (modern fitness technologies).
Formative assessment of children's learning results in physical culture lessons in New Ukrainian School
Authors: Yarmoshchuk Olena , Vasylyuk Vasyl , Hryhorovych Oleksandr 
Published: June 2023

The thesis analysed modern methodical approaches to the assessment of educational achievements of students in physical education lessons at the New Ukrainian School at various stages of education. The main determinants had identified of the activity of the physical culture teacher in relation to the organization of formative assessment
Furthermore, in the process of work, it had found that the barriers to the wider use of formative assessment are: the discrepancy between formative assessment and final tests, which are designed to ensure the accountability of schools regarding the educational achievements of students; the lack of consistency between assessment and evaluation at the school and classroom levels and the perception that formative assessment is too resource-intensive and time-consuming to be practical.
The methodology of formative assessment techniques is justified. Assessment in physical education is carried out in the following areas: cognitive domain - what students know and understand; health-related physical fitness - improvement of physical fitness levels; psychomotor skills - what students can do and perform; affective domain - attitudes and beliefs towards the subject. It is noted that assessment in the affective domain involves: identifying behaviors; communicating actions (indicators) that are acceptable for students to meet the expectations regarding the assessed characteristics/behavior; using checklists, rating scales, journals, event records, exit slips, written tests. General behavioral characteristics include: effort (willingness to participate); fair play (sportsmanship); readiness to cooperate (teamwork). These characteristics may have different significance for different individuals, so it is the teacher who decides which characteristics/behaviors are most important for the lessons.
Bond Coat Engineering Influence on the Evolution of the Microstructure, Bond Strength and Failure of TBCs Subjected to Thermal Cycling
Authors: Lima R. S. , Marple B. R. , Nagy D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Different thermal spray technologies were used to apply CoNiCrAlY bond coats to Inconel substrates. Powder compositions were the same in all cases and particle size recommendations were followed for each torch. YSZ topcoats were deposited via APS on bond coat samples selected based on roughness, porosity, residual stress, oxidation, and isothermal TGO growth. The TBCs were furnace cycle tested for 10-1400 cycles as well as to failure and changes in bond strength and TGO thickness were recorded. It was observed that bond strength values, which are relatively stable during thermal cycling, decrease significantly just before failure brought on by topcoat spall off.
Shrouded Plasma-Sprayed Cr3C2-NiCr Coatings: Effect of Shroud-Substrate Distance
Authors: Matthews S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
During heat treatment of Cr3C2-NiCr thermal spray coatings, regions of carbide dissolution have been observed to precipitate very small grains that grow into finely structured carbide networks. This study investigates the potential of developing tailored submicron carbide composites based on that process. The approach taken is to spray a conventional Cr3C2-NiCr powder under high-power plasma conditions to generate a supersaturated solid solution of Ni-Cr-C from which carbides could be precipitated via heat treatment. Preliminary trials assessed the effect of a broad range of plasma parameters to determine what conditions generate the greatest carbide dissolution with the lowest carbon loss. Follow-up trials investigated the most promising parameters in more detail to determine the effect of spray distance, with and without shrouding, on carbon loss and carbide dissolution. This paper presents the results from one of these trials in which an Ar-H2 plasma was sprayed with a low-velocity nozzle. Gas shrouding had a minimal effect on carbide dissolution but was effective in reducing air entrainment in the plasma and the degree of decarburization.
Interface Fracture Characterization of Plasma Sprayed and HIP Bonded Zr Coatings on U-Mo Sheet using Bulge Testing
Authors: Hollis K. , Liu C. , Leckie R. , Lovato M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of bulge testing to evaluate fuel plates for high-performance nuclear reactors. Uranium-molybdenum alloy substrates were plasma sprayed with zirconium and clad between aluminum sheets by hot isostatic pressing. The coated-and-clad samples were cut into disks, the top cladding was thinned, and a small hole was milled through the bottom cladding. The samples were then placed in a pressure cell and a syringe pump was used to inject distilled water through the hole in the bottom Al sheet. Two cameras measured bulge height while fluid pressure was simultaneously recorded. Test results show that all failures occurred at the plasma-sprayed Zr/U-Mo interface rather than the HIP-bonded Zr/Al interface. It is also shown that the use of transferred arc (TA) cleaning prior to spraying improves both failure pressure and initiation fracture toughness, especially under high ac current. TA cleaning facilitates the formation of strong diffusion bonds by removing oxide from the substrate and increasing interface temperature.
Optimization of an Emulator Based on Nonlinear Auto Regressive Model with Exogenous Inputs for an Atmospheric Plasma Spray Torch
Authors: Liu T. , Planche M.-P. , Deng S. , Montavon G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The primary aim of this work is to develop an emulator to accurately simulate the dynamic behavior of a plasma torch. To that end, a nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs was designed around a mono-cathode torch used for atmospheric plasma spraying. Operating parameters such as current and gas flow rate were used as input variables and in-flight particle characteristics were used as output variables. In order to compensate for unstable and random process phenomena, data smoothing is used to decrease signal noise and improve data relevance. This is a key step as it allows most of the in-flight particle properties to be processed. Prior to implementation in the emulator, the smoothed data are optimized to get the best possible match with actual measured values. With the refined data, the difference between simulated and measured particle temperature and velocity is less than 3%.
Influence of Welding HAZ Stresses on Adhesion Strength of APS Ceramic Coatings
Authors: Barr J. , Estrada C. , Harrison J. , White B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine if a GTAW (TIG) repair weld under an APS ceramic coating would cause a reduction in adhesion strength. Two stainless steels and a titanium alloy were selected for the study. For each material, 300 buttons were machined and further processed in groups of 50 through the application of one-pass, three-pass, or full pad welds. Welded buttons were lapped parallel to within 0.0002 in. and their lengths were compared with measurements obtained from buttons that had not been welded. NiCrMo bond coats were applied by HVOF spraying to both welded and unwelded samples, which were then top-coated with a ceramic layer (Cr2O3, Cr2O3-Al2O3, or TiO2) deposited by air plasma spraying. A ten-cycle heat treatment was conducted on half of the samples to determine if the weld would amplify thermal expansion stresses. Based on adhesion test results, the welding had no measurable effect on adhesion strength nor did the heat treatment. Heat input from the HVOF flame and the plasma jet was sufficient to reduce weld-related solidification stresses.
Cold Spraying of Cu-Al-Bronze for Cavitation Protection in Marine Environments
Authors: Krebs S. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The present study investigates the microstructure and properties of cold spray coatings produced from gas-atomized CuAl10Fe5Ni5 powders. To obtain information relevant to ship rudder cavitation-erosion performance, GL-A shipbuilding steel, equivalent to S235, was chosen as the substrate material. Thick Cu-Al-bronze coatings were deposited on grit-blasted plates using a wide range of parameter sets with different powder treatments, nozzle geometries, gas and substrate temperatures, and particle impact conditions. Coating samples were examined via SEM and XRD analysis, cavitation tests were performed, and bond strengths were measured. Powder and single impact morphologies were also investigated and, along with coating properties and structures, are correlated with spraying conditions. The results indicate that cold sprayed bronze coatings have good potential for ship rudder protection.
Characterization and Optimization of Cold Sprayed Nickel and Nickel-Based Alloys on Aluminum and Steel Substrates for Corrosion Protection and High Temperature Applications
Authors: Lubkowitz S. , Trenkle F. , Luth J. , Hartmann S. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, nickel and Inconel coatings were deposited on aluminum and steel substrates by cold gas spraying. Fine, standard, and coarse nickel powders and two standard Inconel (625 and 718) powders were selected as feedstock materials and sprayed at different gas pressures and temperatures. A coaxial air-cooled nozzle was used in spray trials, except for the fine Ni powder, which required a water-cooled nozzle to prevent clogging at high temperatures. Coating microstructures were examined and various properties were measured including shear strength, adhesive tensile strength, hardness, and porosity. Cross-sectional images of different coating samples are presented and discussed along with test results.
Corrosion Resistant Coatings for Cylinder Bore Applications in Passenger Car Engines
Authors: Ernst F. , Kube D. , Xavier F.-A. , Schmid J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, two high-Cr stainless steel feedstocks and a post-spray honing process are evaluated for potential use on cylinder running surfaces in passenger car engines. The two materials, X12 CrNi 25-4 and X6 Cr17, were deposited by plasma transferred wire arc (PTWA) spraying on aluminum cylinder bore surfaces that were mechanically roughened prior to coating. The coatings were then honed to a mirror finish using progressively finer diamond tools. Coating surfaces were analyzed by SEM and REM imaging, roughness profiles were recorded, and coating hardness and porosity were measured. The results are presented and discussed along with recommendations for additional work.
Columnar Structured Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) by Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS)
Authors: Schlegel N. , Ebert S. , Mauer G. , Vaßen R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, a suspension containing Mg-Al-spinel nanopowder was deposited on bond-coated IN738 and stainless steel disks by suspension plasma spraying with and without substrate cooling. Coating surfaces and cross-sections were examined by SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis and thermal cycling tests were performed. SEM images of coatings obtained on cooled stainless steel show a unique columnar microstructure with a cauliflower-like surface. XRD spectra of the nanopowder and coatings revealed evidence of phase changes in the material deposited on cooled substrates. In preparing samples for thermal cycling tests, a YSZ layer was deposited on bond-coated IN738 prior to spraying the suspension. Double-layered Mg-Al-spinel/YSZ thermal barrier coatings produced on cooled substrates exhibited a thermal cycling lifetime of 2000 cycles at 1390°C, compared to 101 cycles for the TBCs sprayed without substrate cooling. The superior performance of the TBCs sprayed with substrate cooling is attributed to the densification of the coatings, revealed by SEM images, and possibly the formation of CaO-6Al2O3 needles and Al2O3 precipitates as identified by EDS measurements.
Transfer of Micro-Structures by Transplantation of Thermal Sprayed Coatings
Authors: Knödler P. , Peuker A. , Freiburg D. , Otten M. , Möhwald K. , Biermann D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Manufacturing a die-cast workpiece with a thermal spray coating usually requires multiple steps. An alternative approach demonstrated in this study integrates the spray process into a high-pressure die casting step, eliminating the need for surface preparation and post processing of the coating. To achieve this, the coating is applied to a mold insert rather than the workpiece. During pressure casting, the melt infiltrates the coating and thus creates a joint. Depending on the coating and substrate, a bonding connection similar to brazing is possible. The ability to manufacture coatings this way makes it possible to coat inside diameters well below the limit of an internal spray gun.
Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ag Alloys Deposited by Cold Spray
Authors: Coddet P. , Verdy C. , Coddet C. , Debray F. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work focuses on the properties of Cu-Ag alloys deposited by cold spraying. Helium was used as the carrier gas, accelerating particles to 823 m/sec, which is in the middle of the deposition window for Cu alloys. To avoid oxygen contamination, the gun was placed in a helium-filled chamber and a closed-loop circulating system was used to minimize helium loss. Deposition parameters were varied during spraying and their effect on hardness, tensile properties, residual stress, and porosity was assessed in as-sprayed and heat-treated samples. Ultimate tensile strengths of 450 MPa and yield strengths of about 420 MPa were obtained for the as-sprayed samples and it was shown that strength and ductility can be tailored by heat treating, reaching elongation values higher than 45%. An increase in deposition rate from 55 to 142 g/min was also achieved without a significant decrease in mechanical properties.
Relationships Between In-Flight Characteristics and Microstructural Properties of Plasma Sprayed Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Sesso M. L. , Berndt C. C. , Wong Y. C. , Ang A. S. M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study investigates relationships between in-flight particle characteristics and the microstructural properties of air plasma sprayed YSZ. Particle velocity and temperature were measured at different stand-off distances and contour plots were created. Coating porosity and hardness were measured and plotted over the same area. It is shown that in-flight particle characteristics are strongly affected by particle size distribution. Smaller particles in trajectories above the torch central axis were found to be 10 m/sec slower on average than larger particles in the center and lower section of the plume. The section of the plume with the highest temperatures and velocities is about 2 mm below the central axis and is shown to generate dense, hard layers with less than 7% porosity and hardness values on the order of 700 HV. Reynolds numbers determined from in-flight particle data also provide an indication of microstructural properties; where Reynolds numbers exceed 1000, coating porosity is less than 5%.
On the Dielectric Behavior of Annealed Plasma Sprayed Forsterite and Alumina Coatings
Authors: Lamarre J.-M. , Cojocaru C. V. , Legoux J.-G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study compares the dielectric properties of annealed forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and alumina coatings deposited on mild steel substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying. As-sprayed coating samples were electrically characterized then submitted to a series of one-hour annealing treatments at temperatures from 300 to 800 °F. After each treatment, impedance measurements were recorded over a frequency range of 30 to 100 kHz. An electrical model was fitted to Nyquist data (Im Z vs. Re Z) using a least-mean-square algorithm with a weighting function. Although impedance spectroscopy measurements were obtained at different temperatures, this paper focuses on the acquisition, modeling, and comparison of room temperature properties, particularly electrical resistivity and dielectric constant. It also compares the microstructure of as-sprayed and annealed forsterite and alumina coatings and discusses coating degradation mechanisms stemming from differences in CTE.
Residual Stress Analysis on Thermally Sprayed Coatings by Means of Optical and Mechanical Methods
Authors: Martínez García V. , Pedrini G. , Killinger A. , Gadow R. , Osten W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The residual stresses present in coatings and layer composites are influenced not only by the thermal and mechanical loads generated during manufacturing, but also by the mechanical and thermophysical properties of the coating and substrate materials. In-process measurement of transient, process-induced stresses may thus enable the manufacturing of coated parts with a residual stress state that lies within a predefined application-oriented stress regime. This paper presents a quasi-nondestructive method by which such measurements may be obtained. A small amount of material is removed from the surface of a part by laser ablation, while optical interference sensors monitor surface deformation caused by stress relaxation and heating due to absorbed laser energy. The new method is evaluated by four-point bend testing using Al5754 plates coated with Al/TiO2 by atmospheric plasma spraying.
Quality Designed Twin Wire Arc Spraying of Aluminum Bores
Authors: König J. , Lahres M. , Methner O. T. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the development and implementation of a twin wire arc spraying process used to apply iron-carbon alloy coatings to cylinder bores in aluminum engines made for high-performance luxury vehicles. It presents and analyzes measurement data that quantify the uniformity of the coatings and the speed at which they are applied. It also discusses key technological achievements and their impact on the coating process.
Ultra-Smooth Hardface Coatings Applied by Advanced HVOF Process
Authors: Ma X. , Ruggiero P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the development of a high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) spray process optimized for hardfacing components in aircraft engines and industrial gas turbines. Experiments show that the new process can produce WC-CoCr coatings with near-net-shape, ultrasmooth as-sprayed surfaces, and improved erosion resistance. Information obtained through particle diagnostics and other analytical methods is presented, showing how different process parameters influence coating microstructures, surface morphologies, and physical and mechanical properties. With appropriate process settings, hardface coatings can be produced that require only a surface finishing step.
Design of Experiment for Advanced Nanostructured WC-12Co Coating HVOF: Three-Point Bending Tests
Authors: Al-Hamed A. A. , Benyounis K. Y. , Al-Fadhli H. Y. , Yilbas B. S. , Hashmi M. S. J. , Stokes J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, a design of experiment (DOE) approach is used to investigate the influence of powder size and mixing ratio on the microstructure and properties of thermal spray coatings. Nano and micro sized WC-12Co powders combined in different proportions with Inconel 625 were deposited on carbon steel substrates by HVOF spraying. The resulting coatings are examined and the effect of different powder combinations on hardness and yield strength is assessed. Spraying procedures and test methods are described and the findings are discussed. Of the various coatings produced, one shows great promise for wear protection, particularly in oil and gas applications.
Optimization of Grit Blasting Conditions by Supersonic Air Spraying
Authors: Lyphout C. , Björklund S. , Boccaccio P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work assesses the feasibility of using a high-velocity airfuel (HVAF) gun both to grit blast and spray substrate surfaces. A design of experiments (DoE) approach was used to establish relationships between grit blasting variables, substrate surface conditions, and coating properties. Alumina was selected as the abrasive media, the substrates were HSLA steel, and CrC-NiCr and Fe-based powders were used to form the coatings. Uncoated and as-sprayed substrates were characterized based on hardness, residue levels, surface roughness profiles, and adhesion strength, which are correlated with mesh size, feed rate, offset angle, and standoff distance.
Influence of the Spray Gun Type on Microstructure and Properties of HVAF Sprayed Fe-Based Corrosion Resistant Coatings
Authors: Milanti A. , Koivuluoto H. , Vuoristo P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the microstructure and corrosion properties of Fe-based coatings produced using different HVAF spray guns. Differences in microstructure, phase composition, porosity, oxide content, and corrosion behavior were observed among the coatings depending on the gun and spraying parameters. The results are presented and discussed in detail.
A 25 Year Exposure Test of Thermal Sprayed Zn, Al, and Zn-Al Coatings in Marine Environments
Authors: Kuroda S. , Uematus S. , Kato K. , Ichiryu Y. , Saitoh H. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper presents key findings from an ongoing study on the marine corrosion behavior of thermally sprayed zinc and aluminum coatings. Zn, Al, and Zn-Al layers of varied thickness were applied to twelve steel pipes by arc and flame spraying and subjected to different post-spray treatments such as sealing and painting. The pipes are mounted vertically on a test rig in the Pacific Ocean and have been inspected annually to record the appearance and thickness of the coatings. After 7 years, the Zn coatings began to show signs of degradation in the immersed portion of the pipe, although no such changes occurred with Al and Zn-Al coatings. After 18 years, heavily damaged sections of three pipes were removed and new pipe was welded in place. The repaired regions were coated with Al-5%Mg, which has performed well so far.