bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technical Note
Authors: Heyns P.S. , Benadé W.N.v.d.S. 
Published: February 2023

It is widely accepted that the effectiveness of cannon
in the air-to-air combat scenarío depends on the
rate of fire. Present firing rates for 20-30 mm
aircraft cannon range from 600 to 1500 rounds per
minute. New developments are aimed towards even
higher rates of fire. With these higher rates of
fire more energy is likely to be transferred to the
aircraft fuselage, resulting in possible structural
fatigue damage. To absorb the recoil forces several
types of recoil system have been developed and are
presently in use. Conventional recoil systems are
not, however, ideal for very high rates of fire and
hence alternatives must be investigated.With this work the use of an anti-resonant device to
reduce the transmission of forces to the aircraft
fuselage for a high rate of fire is investigated.
Antiresonant isolators operate on the principle that
a condition of little or no motion may be enforced
at specific points of interest on a system at
particular frequencies, through suitable tuning of
the system. This is essentially achieved by
designing the isolator system in such a way that
inertial forces are used to react spring forces
under stationary conditions.
SMITH AT 300: THE DIGNITY OF TRADE
Authors: Paganelli Maria Pia 
Published: February 2023

“It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them of our necessities but of their advantages.”WN I.ii.2
A Space Mission for Cross‐Scale Coupling in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Lui A. T. Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Earth's magnetosphere occupies a huge volume in space. Past space missions have identified the basic structures and revealed several phenomena that release significant energy explosively. These activities are discovered through point‐wise measurements in space. Consequently, there is a severe lack of knowledge on the coupling between different activities. A space mission that can address this deficiency is proposed here, building on what previous space missions have revealed. A fleet of eight identical spacecraft in two sets of tetrahedral constellations will enable evaluation of how localized kinetic activities may lead to global changes and vice versa in the Earth's magnetosphere. This mission uses the full capability of a tetrahedral constellation to yield a quantitative determination of physical parameters that govern the mass, momentum, and energy flows between space disturbances at kinetic and global scales. It will also resolve the ambiguity in single‐point measurements to differentiate their temporal and spatial variations. Examples on how to use this mission to extract cross‐scale coupling of activities and tackle outstanding questions in magnetospheric research are discussed.
Athabasca River Avulsion Underway in the Peace‐Athabasca Delta, Canada
Authors: Wang Bo , Smith Laurence C. , Gleason Colin , Kyzivat Ethan D. , Fayne Jessica V. , Harlan Merritt E. , Langhorst Theodore , Feng Dongmei , Eidam Emily , Munoz Sebastian , Davis Julianne , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Peters Daniel L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAvulsions change river courses and transport water and sediment to new channels impacting infrastructure, floodplain evolution, and ecosystems. Abrupt avulsion events (occurring over days to weeks) are potentially catastrophic to society and thus receive more attention than slow avulsions, which develop over decades to centuries and can be challenging to identify. Here, we examine gradual channel changes of the Peace‐Athabasca River Delta (PAD), Canada using in situ measurements and 37 years of Landsat satellite imagery. A developing avulsion of the Athabasca River is apparent along the Embarras River–Mamawi Creek (EM) distributary. Its opening and gradual enlargement since 1982 are evident from multiple lines of observation: Between 1984 and 2021 the discharge ratio between the EM and the Athabasca River more than doubled, increasing from 9% to 21%. The EM has widened by +53% since 1984, whereas the Athabasca River channel width has remained stable. The downstream Mamawi Creek delta is growing at a discharge‐normalized rate roughly twice that of the Athabasca River delta in surface area. Longitudinal global navigation satellite systems field surveys of water surface elevation reveal the EM possesses a ∼2X slope advantage (8 × 10−5 vs. 4 × 10−5) over the Athabasca River, and unit stream power and bed shear stress suggest enhanced sediment transport and erosional capacity through the evolving flow path. Our findings: (a) indicate that a slow avulsion of the Athabasca River is underway with potentially long‐term implications for inundation patterns, ecosystems, and human use of the PAD; and (b) demonstrate an observational approach for identifying other slow avulsions at river bifurcations globally.
Life cycle net energy assessment of sustainable H2 production and hydrogenation of chemicals in a coupled photoelectrochemical device
Authors: Zhang Xinyi , Schwarze Michael , Schomäcker Reinhard , van de Krol Roel , Abdi Fatwa F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGreen hydrogen has been identified as a critical enabler in the global transition to sustainable energy and decarbonized society, but it is still not economically competitive compared to fossil-fuel-based hydrogen. To overcome this limitation, we propose to couple photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting with the hydrogenation of chemicals. Here, we evaluate the potential of co-producing hydrogen and methyl succinic acid (MSA) by coupling the hydrogenation of itaconic acid (IA) inside a PEC water splitting device. A negative net energy balance is predicted to be achieved when the device generates only hydrogen, but energy breakeven can already be achieved when a small ratio (~2%) of the generated hydrogen is used in situ for IA-to-MSA conversion. Moreover, the simulated coupled device produces MSA with much lower cumulative energy demand than conventional hydrogenation. Overall, the coupled hydrogenation concept offers an attractive approach to increase the viability of PEC water splitting while at the same time decarbonizing valuable chemical production.
One dimensional wormhole corrosion in metals
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhou Weiyue , Yin Sheng , Wang Sarah Y. , Yu Qin , Olszta Matthew J. , Zhang Ya-Qian , Zeltmann Steven E. , Li Mingda , Jin Miaomiao , Schreiber Daniel K. , Ciston Jim , Scott M. C. , Scully John R. , Ritchie Robert O. , Asta Mark , Li Ju , Short Michael P. , Minor Andrew M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCorrosion is a ubiquitous failure mode of materials. Often, the progression of localized corrosion is accompanied by the evolution of porosity in materials previously reported to be either three-dimensional or two-dimensional. However, using new tools and analysis techniques, we have realized that a more localized form of corrosion, which we call 1D wormhole corrosion, has previously been miscategorized in some situations. Using electron tomography, we show multiple examples of this 1D and percolating morphology. To understand the origin of this mechanism in a Ni-Cr alloy corroded by molten salt, we combined energy-filtered four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy and ab initio density functional theory calculations to develop a vacancy mapping method with nanometer-resolution, identifying a remarkably high vacancy concentration in the diffusion-induced grain boundary migration zone, up to 100 times the equilibrium value at the melting point. Deciphering the origins of 1D corrosion is an important step towards designing structural materials with enhanced corrosion resistance.
ASGARD is A Single-cell Guided Pipeline to Aid Repurposing of Drugs
Authors: He Bing , Xiao Yao , Liang Haodong , Huang Qianhui , Du Yuheng , Li Yijun , Garmire David , Sun Duxin , Garmire Lana X. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSingle-cell RNA sequencing technology has enabled in-depth analysis of intercellular heterogeneity in various diseases. However, its full potential for precision medicine has yet to be reached. Towards this, we propose A Single-cell Guided Pipeline to Aid Repurposing of Drugs (ASGARD) that defines a drug score to recommend drugs by considering all cell clusters to address the intercellular heterogeneity within each patient. ASGARD shows significantly better average accuracy on single-drug therapy compared to two bulk-cell-based drug repurposing methods. We also demonstrated that it performs considerably better than other cell cluster-level predicting methods. In addition, we validate ASGARD using the drug response prediction method TRANSACT with Triple-Negative-Breast-Cancer patient samples. We find that many top-ranked drugs are either approved by the Food and Drug Administration or in clinical trials treating corresponding diseases. In conclusion, ASGARD is a promising drug repurposing recommendation tool guided by single-cell RNA-seq for personalized medicine. ASGARD is free for educational use at https://github.com/lanagarmire/ASGARD.
Synergistic promotions between CO2 capture and in-situ conversion on Ni-CaO composite catalyst
Authors: Shao Bin , Wang Zhi-Qiang , Gong Xue-Qing , Liu Honglai , Qian Feng , Hu P. , Hu Jun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe integrated CO2 capture and conversion (iCCC) technology has been booming as a promising cost-effective approach for Carbon Neutrality. However, the lack of the long-sought molecular consensus about the synergistic effect between the adsorption and in-situ catalytic reaction hinders its development. Herein, we illustrate the synergistic promotions between CO2 capture and in-situ conversion through constructing the consecutive high-temperature Calcium-looping and dry reforming of methane processes. With systematic experimental measurements and density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the pathways of the reduction of carbonate and the dehydrogenation of CH4 can be interactively facilitated by the participation of the intermediates produced in each process on the supported Ni–CaO composite catalyst. Specifically, the adsorptive/catalytic interface, which is controlled by balancing the loading density and size of Ni nanoparticles on porous CaO, plays an essential role in the ultra-high CO2 and CH4 conversions of 96.5% and 96.0% at 650 °C, respectively.
Antigen footprint governs activation of the B cell receptor
Authors: Ferapontov Alexey , Omer Marjan , Baudrexel Isabelle , Nielsen Jesper Sejrup , Dupont Daniel Miotto , Juul-Madsen Kristian , Steen Philipp , Eklund Alexandra S. , Thiel Steffen , Vorup-Jensen Thomas , Jungmann Ralf , Kjems Jørgen , Degn Søren Egedal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAntigen binding by B cell receptors (BCR) on cognate B cells elicits a response that eventually leads to production of antibodies. However, it is unclear what the distribution of BCRs is on the naïve B cell and how antigen binding triggers the first step in BCR signaling. Using DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we find that most BCRs are present as monomers, dimers, or loosely associated clusters on resting B cells, with a nearest-neighbor inter-Fab distance of 20–30 nm. We leverage a Holliday junction nanoscaffold to engineer monodisperse model antigens with precision-controlled affinity and valency, and find that the antigen exerts agonistic effects on the BCR as a function of increasing affinity and avidity. Monovalent macromolecular antigens can activate the BCR at high concentrations, whereas micromolecular antigens cannot, demonstrating that antigen binding does not directly drive activation. Based on this, we propose a BCR activation model determined by the antigen footprint.
Organic‒inorganic semi-interpenetrating networks with orthogonal light- and magnetic-responsiveness for smart photonic gels
Authors: Wang Minghao , Nie Chen , Liu Junbang , Wu Si 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLiving matter has the ability to perceive multiple stimuli and respond accordingly. However, the integration of multiple stimuli-responsiveness in artificial materials usually causes mutual interference, which makes artificial materials work improperly. Herein, we design composite gels with organic‒inorganic semi-interpenetrating network structures, which are orthogonally responsive to light and magnetic fields. The composite gels are prepared by the co-assembly of a photoswitchable organogelator (Azo-Ch) and superparamagnetic inorganic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2). Azo-Ch assembles into an organogel network, which shows photoinduced reversible sol-gel transitions. In gel or sol state, Fe3O4@SiO2nanoparticles reversibly form photonic nanochains via magnetic control. Light and magnetic fields can orthogonally control the composite gel because Azo-Ch and Fe3O4@SiO2form a unique semi-interpenetrating network, which allows them to work independently. The orthogonal photo- and magnetic-responsiveness enables the fabrication of smart windows, anti-counterfeiting labels, and reconfigurable materials using the composite gel. Our work presents a method to design orthogonally stimuli-responsive materials.
Pathways of degradation in rangelands in Northern Tanzania show their loss of resistance, but potential for recovery
Authors: Wiethase Joris H. , Critchlow Rob , Foley Charles , Foley Lara , Kinsey Elliot J. , Bergman Brenda G. , Osujaki Boniface , Mbwambo Zawadi , Kirway Paul Baran , Redeker Kelly R. , Hartley Susan E. , Beale Colin M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSemiarid rangelands are identified as at high risk of degradation due to anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Through tracking timelines of degradation we aimed to identify whether degradation results from a loss of resistance to environmental shocks, or loss of recovery, both of which are important prerequisites for restoration. Here we combined extensive field surveys with remote sensing data to explore whether long-term changes in grazing potential demonstrate loss of resistance (ability to maintain function despite pressure) or loss of recovery (ability to recover following shocks). To monitor degradation, we created a bare ground index: a measure of grazeable vegetation cover visible in satellite imagery, allowing for machine learning based image classification. We found that locations that ended up the most degraded tended to decline in condition more during years of widespread degradation but maintained their recovery potential. These results suggest that resilience in rangelands is lost through declines in resistance, rather than loss of recovery potential. We show that the long-term rate of degradation correlates negatively with rainfall and positively with human population and livestock density, and conclude that sensitive land and grazing management could enable restoration of degraded landscapes, given their retained ability to recover.
Prevalence of family history of cancer in the NC-CCAPH consortium of Japan
Authors: Abe Sarah Krull , Ihira Hikaru , Minami Tetsuji , Imatoh Takuya , Inoue Yosuke , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Kobayashi Nozomu , Kashima Rena , Konishi Maki , Doi Takehiko , Teramoto Masayuki , Kabe Isamu , Lee Sangyoon , Watanabe Makoto , Dohi Seitaro , Sakai Yukie , Nishita Yukiko , Morisaki Naho , Tachimori Hisateru , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Yamaji Taiki , Shimada Hiroyuki , Mizoue Tetsuya , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Iwasaki Motoki , Inoue Manami 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of family history of cancer using cohorts participating in the Japanese National Center Cohort Collaborative for Advancing Population Health (NC-CCAPH). We pooled data from seven eligible cohorts of the Collaborative with available data on family history of cancer. Prevalence of family history of cancer and corresponding 95% confidence intervals are presented for all cancers and selected site-specific cancers for the total population and stratified by sex, age, and birth cohort. Prevalence of family history of cancer increased with age ranging from 10.51% in the 15 to 39 year age category to 47.11% in 70-year-olds. Overall prevalence increased in birth cohorts from ≤ 1929 until 1960 and decreased for the next two decades. Gastric cancer (11.97%) was the most common site recorded for family members, followed by colorectal and lung (5.75%), prostate (4.37%), breast (3.43%) and liver (3.05%) cancer. Women consistently had a higher prevalence of family history of cancer (34.32%) versus men (28.75%). Almost one in three participants had a family history of cancer in this Japanese consortium study highlighting the importance of early and targeted cancer screening services.
Apparent increase in lip size influences two-point discrimination
Authors: Ambron Elisabetta , Coslett H. Branch 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMagnified vision of one’s body part has been shown to improve tactile discrimination. We used an anesthetic cream (AC) to determine if somesthetic stimulation that alters the perception of the size of one’s body would also improve two point-discrimination (2PD). In Experiment 1, application of AC caused an increase in perceived lip size and an improvement in a 2PD. As perceived lip size increased, subjects became more accurate in identifying that they had been touched in two locations. Experiment 2 confirmed this effect in a larger sample and introduced a control condition (no AC) that demonstrated that the change in performance was not attributable to practice or familiarity with the task. In Experiment 3, we showed that both AC and moisturizing cream improved subjects’ ability to indicate that they had been touched in 2 locations, but the improvement was modulated by perceived lip size only for AC. These results support the idea that changes in the body representation influence 2PD.
Reliability and validity of ultrasonographic automated length measurement system for assessing talofibular anterior instability in acute lateral ankle sprain
Authors: Kawabata Masashi , Kumazawa Yusuke , Takagi Kazuya , Okada Hirokazu , Miyatake Kazuma , Kobayashi Takumi , Nanri Yuta , Kenmoku Tomonori , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Takahira Naonobu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnkle joint instability after acute lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is an important factor for deciding treatment strategies. Nevertheless, the degree of ankle joint mechanical instability as a criterion for making clinical decisions is unclear. This study examined the reliability and validity of an Automated Length Measurement System (ALMS) in ultrasonography for assessing real-time anterior talofibular distance. Using a phantom model, we tested whether ALMS could detect two points within a landmark following movement of the ultrasonographic probe. Furthermore, we examined whether ALMS was comparable with the manual measurement method for 21 patients with an acute LAS (42 ankles) during the reverse anterior drawer test. Using the phantom model, ALMS measurements showed excellent reliability, with errors below 0.4 mm and with a small variance. The ALMS measurement was comparable to manually measured values (ICC = 0.53–0.71, p < 0.001) and detected differences in talofibular joint distances between unaffected and affected ankles of 1.41 mm (p < 0.001). ALMS shortened the measurement time by one-thirteenth for one sample compared to the manual measurement (p < 0.001). ALMS could be used to standardize and simplify ultrasonographic measurement methods for dynamic joint movements without human error in clinical applications.
Neuroendocrine and psychophysiological investigation of the evolutionary roots of gossip
Authors: Rudnicki Konrad , Spacova Irina , Backer Charlotte De , Dricot Caroline E. M. K. , Lebeer Sarah , Poels Karolien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study investigates an evolutionary hypothesis of gossip postulating that in humans it serves a similar function as social grooming in other primates. It examines whether gossip decreases physiological markers of stress and increases markers of positive emotionality and sociability. Dyads of friends (N = 66) recruited at the university, participated in an experiment where they experienced a stressor followed by social interaction (gossip or control task). Individual levels of salivary cortisol and $$\beta$$
β
-endorphins were assessed at before and after social interactions. Sympathetic activity and parasympathetic activity were monitored throughout the experiment. Individual differences in Tendency and Attitude towards Gossip were investigated as potential covariates. Gossip condition was characterized with increased sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, but did not differ in cortisol or $$\beta$$
β
-endorphins levels. However, high Tendency to Gossip was associated with decreases in cortisol. Gossip was shown to be more emotionally salient than non-social talk, but the evidence with regard to lowering stress was not sufficient to support an analogy to social grooming.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 is not a major causative factor for exacerbation in a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Nakayama Takashin , Azegami Tatsuhiko , Kiso Maki , Imai Masaki , Uraki Ryuta , Hayashi Kaori , Hishikawa Akihito , Yoshimoto Norifumi , Nakamichi Ran , Sugita-Nishimura Erina , Yoshida-Hama Eriko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Itoh Hiroshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a global pandemic. Although several vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins protect against COVID-19 infection, mutations affecting virus transmissibility and immune evasion potential have reduced their efficacy, leading to the need for a more efficient strategy. Available clinical evidence regarding COVID-19 suggests that endothelial dysfunction with thrombosis is a central pathogenesis of progression to systemic disease, in which overexpression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may be important. Here we developed a novel peptide vaccine against PAI-1 and evaluated its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis and SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Administration of LPS and mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 increased serum PAI-1 levels, although the latter showed smaller levels. In an LPS-induced sepsis model, mice immunized with PAI-1 vaccine showed reduced organ damage and microvascular thrombosis and improved survival compared with vehicle-treated mice. In plasma clot lysis assays, vaccination-induced serum IgG antibodies were fibrinolytic. However, in a SARS-CoV-2 infection model, survival and symptom severity (i.e., body weight reduction) did not differ between vaccine- and vehicle-treated groups. These results indicate that although PAI-1 may promote the severity of sepsis by increasing thrombus formation, it might not be a major contributor to COVID-19 exacerbation.
Challenges with interpreting the impact of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability using SST-restoring experiments
Authors: O’Reilly Christopher H. , Patterson Matthew , Robson Jon , Monerie Paul Arthur , Hodson Daniel , Ruprich-Robert Yohan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate model simulations that restore SSTs in the North Atlantic have been used to explore the climate impacts of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV). However, despite simulations and observations exhibiting similar North Atlantic SST anomalies, experiments with active SST-restoring in the Tropical North Atlantic exhibit strong positive surface heat-fluxes out of the ocean with warm SST anomalies, which is not replicated in other simulations or observations. The upward surface heat-fluxes that are systematically driven by the active SST-restoring in the Tropical North Atlantic are found to be crucial for generating a strong local precipitation response and the associated remote impact on the Pacific Walker circulation; these are both absent in other simulations. The results of this study strongly suggest that experiments employing SST-restoring (or prescribed SSTs) in the Tropical North Atlantic exaggerate the influence of the Atlantic on patterns of global climate anomalies and its role in recent multidecadal SST trends.