bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enantiostylous floral polymorphism of Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) facilitates wing pollination by syrphid flies
Authors: Johnson Steven D , Midgley Jeremy J , Illing Nicola 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Sexual polymorphisms of flowers have traditionally been interpreted as devices that promote cross-pollination, but they may also represent adaptations for exploiting particular pollination niches in local environments. The cross-pollination function of enantiostyly, characterized by flowers having either left- or right-deflected styles, has been uncertain in some lineages, such as the Haemodoraceae, because the positioning of stamens and styles is not always completely reciprocal among morphs.

Methods
We examined the floral biology of populations of the poorly known species Barberetta aurea (Haemodoraceae) across its native range in South Africa to establish the general features of its enanatiostylous reproductive system and the agents and mechanism of pollen transfer.

Results
We confirmed that B. aurea has a system of dimorphic enantiostyly. Style morph ratios varied among populations sampled, but with an overall tendency to being equal. Crossing experiments demonstrated that B. aurea is fully self-compatible, that intra- and inter-morph crosses are equally fertile and that it is wholly dependent on pollinator visits for seed production. Pollination is mainly by syrphid flies that transfer the sticky pollen via their wings, which contact the anthers and stigma precisely as they hover during approach and feeding. The majority of syrphid fly visitors feed on a film of highly concentrated nectar situated at the base of ultraviolet-absorbent ‘nectar guides’. Because one of the three stamens is deflected in the same direction as the style, we predicted a high likelihood of intra-morph pollination, and this was corroborated by patterns of transfer of coloured dye particles in cage experiments involving syrphid flies.

Conclusions
Barbaretta aurea exhibits dimorphic enantiostyly and, in contrast to most enantiostylous species, which are pollinated by bees, its flowers are specialized for pollination by syrphid flies. The lack of complete reciprocity of the enantiostylous arrangement of sexual organs facilitates both inter- and intra-morph pollen transfer on the wings of these flies.
Gonomics: uniting high performance and readability for genomics with Go
Authors: Au Eric H , Fauci Christiana , Luo Yanting , Mangan Riley J , Snellings Daniel A , Shoben Chelsea R , Weaver Seth , Simpson Shae K , Lowe Craig B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Summary
Many existing software libraries for genomics require researchers to pick between competing considerations: the performance of compiled languages and the accessibility of interpreted languages. Go, a modern compiled language, provides an opportunity to address this conflict. We introduce Gonomics, an open-source collection of command line programs and bioinformatic libraries implemented in Go that unites readability and performance for genomic analyses. Gonomics contains packages to read, write, and manipulate a wide array of file formats (e.g. FASTA, FASTQ, BED, BEDPE, SAM, BAM, and VCF), and can convert and interface between these formats. Furthermore, our modular library structure provides a flexible platform for researchers developing their own software tools to address specific questions. These commands can be combined and incorporated into complex pipelines to meet the growing need for high-performance bioinformatic resources.

Availability and implementation
Gonomics is implemented in the Go programming language. Source code, installation instructions, and documentation are freely available at https://github.com/vertgenlab/gonomics.
P02 A case of congenital panhypopituitarism unmasked by PHACE screening
Authors: Finnegan Paula , Clarke Nicholas , Twomey John , Neylon Orla , Sadlier Muriel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
PHACE syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous disorder referring to the association of segmental infantile haemangiomas (IH) with congenital brain, arterial, cardiac, eye and mid-line anomalies. Endocrinopathies have infrequently been reported with PHACE syndrome. We present a case of congenital panhypopituitarism detected during PHACE workup. A 7-week-old girl presented with a large 4 × 4 cm superficial partially segmental IH on the mid-neck and three small superficial IHs on the scalp and trunk. She was born at term following an uncomplicated pregnancy. She had a 10-day NICU admission for neonatal hypoglycaemia and hypotonia which had fully resolved. Brain MRI showed an ectopic pituitary gland and an absent pituitary stalk. No other vascular, cardiac or intracranial abnormalities were identified. Dynamic pituitary testing demonstrated severe cortisol deficiency (&lt; 3), central hypothyroidism (TSH 1.82, free T4 9.2) and undetectable gonadotrophins (LH &lt; 1.0, FSH &lt; 1.0), consistent with congenital panhypopituitarism. She was commenced on hormone replacement therapy by endocrinology. A dramatic behavioural difference was noted by her parents within days of starting treatment with increased alertness and less daytime somnolence. Of note there had been no medical or developmental concerns prior to her screening. Her heel prick test had not detected hypothyroidism. She was commenced on propranolol 2 mg kg–1 daily for her IH with excellent response and tolerability. Congenital or acquired endocrinopathy can occur in PHACE syndrome both in the presence and absence of pituitary defects. It is important to be aware of endocrine manifestations in these patients.
Altered neural oscillations underlying visuospatial processing in cerebral visual impairment
Authors: Federici Alessandra , Bennett Christopher R , Bauer Corinna M , Manley Claire E , Ricciardi Emiliano , Bottari Davide , Merabet Lotfi B 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Visuospatial processing deficits are commonly observed in individuals with cerebral visual impairment, even in cases where visual acuity and visual field functions are intact. Cerebral visual impairment is a brain-based visual disorder associated with the maldevelopment of central visual pathways and structures. However, the neurophysiological basis underlying higher-order perceptual impairments in this condition has not been clearly identified, which in turn poses limits on developing rehabilitative interventions. Using combined eye tracking and EEG recordings, we assessed the profile and performance of visual search on a naturalistic virtual reality-based task. Participants with cerebral visual impairment and controls with neurotypical development were instructed to search, locate and fixate on a specific target placed among surrounding distractors at two levels of task difficulty. We analysed evoked (phase-locked) and induced (non-phase-locked) components of broadband (4–55 Hz) neural oscillations to uncover the neurophysiological basis of visuospatial processing. We found that visual search performance in cerebral visual impairment was impaired compared to controls (as indexed by outcomes of success rate, reaction time and gaze error). Analysis of neural oscillations revealed markedly reduced early-onset evoked theta [4–6 Hz] activity (within 0.5 s) regardless of task difficulty. Moreover, while induced alpha activity increased with task difficulty in controls, this modulation was absent in the cerebral visual impairment group identifying a potential neural correlate related to deficits with visual search and distractor suppression. Finally, cerebral visual impairment participants also showed a sustained induced gamma response [30–45 Hz]. We conclude that impaired visual search performance in cerebral visual impairment is associated with substantial alterations across a wide range of neural oscillation frequencies. This includes both evoked and induced components suggesting the involvement of feedforward and feedback processing as well as local and distributed levels of neural processing.
Age differences in interbrain synchronization during peer cooperation: an EEG hyperscanning study
Authors: Yang Meng , Li Xinqi , Sang Biao , Deng Xinmei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Healthy peer relationships could provide emotional and social support for adolescents experiencing dramatic physical and environmental changes. Examining age differences in cognitive neural processing during peer interaction provides insight into adolescent interpersonal contact and “social brain” development. The present study compared the age differences between adolescents and adults by examining the behavior and interbrain synchronization of pairs in a cooperative computer game task. 32 pairs of adolescents and 31 pairs of adults were recruited as participants. The reaction times and interbrain synchronization of the participants were measured. The results revealed that interbrain synchronization activation following the onset of the “ready signal” was primarily detected in low-frequency bands such as delta and theta. Adolescent pairs’ interbrain synchronization activations were significantly higher than those of adult pairs in the anterior and central brain regions, such as the frontal, frontal-central, and parietal lobes. Correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between occipital region interbrain synchronization and behavioral performance. The findings provide behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for the characteristics of adolescent interpersonal cognitive processing and point to the significance of low-frequency interbrain synchronization in interpersonal coordination.
Anti-HIV drugs lopinavir/ritonavir activate bitter taste receptors
Authors: Chen Shurui , Zhou Xinyi , Lu Yongcheng , Xu Keman , Wen Jiao , Cui Meng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r) are the primary anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drugs recommended by the World Health Organization for treating children aged 3 years and above who are infected with the HIV. These drugs are typically available in liquid formulations to aid in dosing for children who cannot swallow tablets. However, the strong bitter taste associated with these medications can be a significant obstacle to adherence, particularly in young children, and can jeopardize the effectiveness of the treatment. Studies have shown that poor palatability can affect the survival rate of HIV-infected children. Therefore, developing more child-friendly protease inhibitor formulations, particularly those with improved taste, is critical for children with HIV. The molecular mechanism by which lopinavir and ritonavir activate bitter taste receptors, TAS2Rs, is not yet clear. In this study, we utilized a calcium mobilization assay to characterize the activation of bitter taste receptors by lopinavir and ritonavir. We discovered that lopinavir activates TAS2R1 and TAS2R13, while ritonavir activates TAS2R1, TAS2R8, TAS2R13, and TAS2R14. The development of bitter taste blockers that target these receptors with a safe profile would be highly desirable in eliminating the unpleasant bitter taste of these anti-HIV drugs.
Two faces of benefit generosity: comparing justice preferences in the access to and level of welfare benefits
Authors: Van Hootegem Arno , Meuleman Bart , Abts Koen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Welfare generosity is a multidimensional concept that refers to both the access to benefits and the levels of benefits (in terms of the amounts paid to recipients). However, in analyses of public support for welfare, this distinction has been largely disregarded. To gain a fuller picture of attitudes towards welfare redistribution, the current study explicitly compares the two elements and examines which distributive justice principles—that is, equality, equity, and need—are preferred to govern, on the one hand, the access to benefits and, on the other hand, their levels. The article evaluates this distinction in two different distributive contexts (pensions and unemployment benefits) and contrasts social-structural as well as ideological dividing lines. For this purpose, data from the Belgian National Elections Study 2019 are analysed. The results indicate that the access to and levels of benefits are clearly distinct dimensions in public opinion, as different justice principles are preferred for the two policy dimensions. In addition, structural equation models illustrate that the access dimension is more ideologically structured, whereas preferences regarding the levels of benefits are more strongly stratified along social-structural lines. Overall, the results imply that social justice preferences are clearly different when considering the access to benefits or their level. This distinction should be taken into account in welfare attitude research.
Temporal trends of cause-specific mortality after diagnosis of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Wu Jianhua , Nadarajah Ramesh , Nakao Yoko M , Nakao Kazuhiro , Wilkinson Chris , Cowan J Campbell , Camm A John , Gale Chris P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Reports of outcomes after atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnosis are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate mortality and hospitalization rates following AF diagnosis over time, by cause and by patient features.

Methods
Individuals aged ≥16 years with a first diagnosis of AF were identified from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink-GOLD dataset from 1 January 2001, to 31 December 2017. The primary outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific mortality and hospitalization at 1 year following diagnosis. Poisson regression was used to calculate rate ratios (RRs) for mortality and incidence RRs (IRRs) for hospitalization and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing 2001/02 and 2016/17, adjusted for age, sex, region, socio-economic status, and 18 major comorbidities.

Results
Of 72 412 participants, mean (standard deviation) age was 75.6 (12.4) years, and 44 762 (61.8%) had ≥3 comorbidities. All-cause mortality declined (RR 2016/17 vs. 2001/02 0.72; 95% CI 0.65–0.80), with large declines for cardiovascular (RR 0.46; 95% CI 0.37–0.58) and cerebrovascular mortality (RR 0.41; 95% CI 0.29–0.60) but not for non-cardio/cerebrovascular causes of death (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.80–1.04). In 2016/17, deaths caused from dementia (67, 8.0%), outstripped deaths from acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and acute stroke combined (56, 6.7%, P &lt; .001). Overall hospitalization rates increased (IRR 2016/17 vs. 2001/02 1.17; 95% CI, 1.13–1.22), especially for non-cardio/cerebrovascular causes (IRR 1.42; 95% CI 1.39–1.45). Older, more deprived, and hospital-diagnosed AF patients experienced higher event rates.

Conclusions
After AF diagnosis, cardio/cerebrovascular mortality and hospitalization has declined, whilst hospitalization for non-cardio/cerebrovascular disease has increased.
From gene-discovery to gene-tailored clinical management: 25 years of research in channelopathies and cardiomyopathies
Authors: Crotti Lia , Brugada Pedro , Calkins Hugh , Chevalier Philippe , Conte Giulio , Finocchiaro Gherardo , Postema Pieter G , Probst Vincent , Schwartz Peter J , Behr Elijah R 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In the early nineties, few years before the birth of Europace, the clinical and scientific world of familial arrhythmogenic conditions was revolutionized by the identification of the first disease-causing genes. The explosion of genetic studies over a 15-year period led to the discovery of major disease-causing genes in practically all channelopathies and cardiomyopathies, bringing insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of these conditions. The birth of next generation sequencing allowed a further step forward and other significant genes, as CALM1–3 in channelopathies and FLN C and TTN in cardiomyopathies were identified. Genotype–phenotype studies allowed the implementation of the genetic results in diagnosis, risk stratification, and therapeutic management with a different level of evidence in different arrhythmogenic conditions. The influence of common genetic variants, i.e. SNPs, on disease manifestation was proved in mid-twenties, and in the last 10 years with the advent of genome-wide association studies performed in familial arrhythmogenic diseases, the concept of polygenic risk score has been consolidated. Now, we are at the start of another amazing phase, i.e. the initiation of first gene therapy clinical trials.
Atrial fibrillation and stroke prevention: 25 years of research at EP Europace journal
Authors: Lip Gregory Y H , Proietti Marco , Potpara Tatjana , Mansour Moussa , Savelieva Irina , Tse Hung Fat , Goette Andreas , Camm A John , Blomstrom-Lundqvist Carina , Gupta Dhiraj , Boriani Giuseppe 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is one pillar of the management of this common arrhythmia. Substantial advances in the epidemiology and associated pathophysiology underlying AF-related stroke and thrombo-embolism are evident. Furthermore, the introduction of the non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (also called direct oral anticoagulants) has clearly changed our approach to stroke prevention in AF, such that the default should be to offer oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention, unless the patient is at low risk. A strategy of early rhythm control is also beneficial in reducing strokes in selected patients with recent onset AF, when compared to rate control. Cardiovascular risk factor management, with optimization of comorbidities and attention to lifestyle factors, and the patient’s psychological morbidity are also essential. Finally, in selected patients with absolute contraindications to long-term oral anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion or exclusion may be considered. The aim of this state-of-the-art review article is to provide an overview of the current status of AF-related stroke and prevention strategies. A holistic or integrated care approach to AF management is recommended to minimize the risk of stroke in patients with AF, based on the evidence-based Atrial fibrillation Better Care (ABC) pathway, as follows: A: Avoid stroke with Anticoagulation; B: Better patient-centred, symptom-directed decisions on rate or rhythm control; C: Cardiovascular risk factor and comorbidity optimization, including lifestyle changes.
Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices and disease management
Authors: Varma Niraj , Braunschweig Frieder , Burri Haran , Hindricks Gerhard , Linz Dominik , Michowitz Yoav , Ricci Renato Pietro , Nielsen Jens Cosedis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This reviews the transition of remote monitoring of patients with cardiac electronic implantable devices from curiosity to standard of care. This has been delivered by technology evolution from patient-activated remote interrogations at appointed intervals to continuous monitoring that automatically flags clinically actionable information to the clinic for review. This model has facilitated follow-up and received professional society recommendations. Additionally, continuous monitoring has provided a new level of granularity of diagnostic data enabling extension of patient management from device to disease management. This ushers in an era of digital medicine with wider applications in cardiovascular medicine.
Meiosis in budding yeast
Authors: Börner G Valentin , Hochwagen Andreas , MacQueen Amy J 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division program that is essential for sexual reproduction. The two meiotic divisions reduce chromosome number by half, typically generating haploid genomes that are packaged into gametes. To achieve this ploidy reduction, meiosis relies on highly unusual chromosomal processes including the pairing of homologous chromosomes, assembly of the synaptonemal complex, programmed formation of DNA breaks followed by their processing into crossovers, and the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division. These processes are embedded in a carefully orchestrated cell differentiation program with multiple interdependencies between DNA metabolism, chromosome morphogenesis, and waves of gene expression that together ensure the correct number of chromosomes is delivered to the next generation. Studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have established essentially all fundamental paradigms of meiosis-specific chromosome metabolism and have uncovered components and molecular mechanisms that underlie these conserved processes. Here, we provide an overview of all stages of meiosis in this key model system and highlight how basic mechanisms of genome stability, chromosome architecture, and cell cycle control have been adapted to achieve the unique outcome of meiosis.
Neighborhood context and children's health care utilization and health outcomes: a comprehensive descriptive analysis of national survey data
Authors: Annis Izabela E , deJong Neal A , Christian Robert B , Davis Scott A , Hughes Phillip M , Thomas Kathleen C 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
While child health and health care disparities arising from unequal distribution of resources are well documented, a nationally representative inventory of health and well-being for children across the spectrum of opportunity is lacking. Using the nationally representative sample of children from pooled 2013–2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data linked to the census-tract-level Child Opportunity Index 2.0, a composite measure of neighborhood health, education, and socioeconomic conditions, we describe US children's socioeconomic characteristics, health care utilization and expenditures across the spectrum of child neighborhood opportunity levels. We found that neighborhood level of child opportunity was associated with almost all of children's health status, health care utilization, expenditures, access to care, and satisfaction with care outcomes. Children living in lower-opportunity neighborhoods had the highest rates of poor physical and mental health status and fewest ambulatory care visits but accounted for the highest share of emergency department visits. Their parents were also least likely to report having positive experiences with health care, good communication with providers, and easy access to care. Our findings underscore the myriad harms to children of gaps in health, education, and financial resources at the community level and provide targets for public investments to improve child-focused outcomes.
Further examination of the support quandary hypothesis: a weekly diary study of how uncertainty both motivates and challenges supporting close others with mental illness
Authors: Thompson Charee M , Taniguchi-Dorios Emiko , Reid Tingting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study further examines a difficult experience for support providers in close relationships that we are calling the social support quandary hypothesis: Mental illness uncertainty simultaneously increases fear/anxiety and decreases supportive communication efficacy. In turn, fear/anxiety motivates support provision, but supportive communication efficacy is needed to provide support and for support to be of quality. Undergraduate students (N = 201) completed weekly online surveys. Broadly, findings at both within-person and between-person levels supported the mediating role of fear/anxiety and supportive communication efficacy in the relationship between mental illness uncertainty and quantity of emotional support provision and between mental illness uncertainty and social support quality. Information quality issues interacted with mental illness uncertainty at the within-person level, and the nature of the interactions differed by support outcome. We discuss this study’s theoretical and practical implications for understanding support provision in the context of chronic illnesses, such as mental illness.