bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robustness analysis of CTV and OAR dose in clinical PBS-PT of neuro-oncological tumors: prescription-dose calibration and inter-patient variation with the Dutch proton robustness evaluation protocol
Authors: Rojo-Santiago Jesús , Habraken Steven J M , Romero Alejandra Méndez , Lathouwers Danny , Wang Yibing , Perkó Zoltán , Hoogeman Mischa S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective. The Dutch proton robustness evaluation protocol prescribes the dose of the clinical target volume (CTV) to the voxel-wise minimum (VWmin) dose of 28 scenarios. This results in a consistent but conservative near-minimum CTV dose (D98%,CTV). In this study, we analyzed (i) the correlation between VWmin/voxel-wise maximum (VWmax) metrics and actually delivered dose to the CTV and organs at risk (OARs) under the impact of treatment errors, and (ii) the performance of the protocol before and after its calibration with adequate prescription-dose levels. Approach. Twenty-one neuro-oncological patients were included. Polynomial chaos expansion was applied to perform a probabilistic robustness evaluation using 100,000 complete fractionated treatments per patient. Patient-specific scenario distributions of clinically relevant dosimetric parameters for the CTV and OARs were determined and compared to clinical VWmin and VWmax dose metrics for different scenario subsets used in the robustness evaluation protocol. Main results. The inclusion of more geometrical scenarios leads to a significant increase of the conservativism of the protocol in terms of clinical VWmin and VWmax values for the CTV and OARs. The protocol could be calibrated using VWmin dose evaluation levels of 93.0%–92.3%, depending on the scenario subset selected. Despite this calibration of the protocol, robustness recipes for proton therapy showed remaining differences and an increased sensitivity to geometrical random errors compared to photon-based margin recipes. Significance. The Dutch proton robustness evaluation protocol, combined with the photon-based margin recipe, could be calibrated with a VWmin evaluation dose level of 92.5%. However, it shows limitations in predicting robustness in dose, especially for the near-maximum dose metrics to OARs. Consistent robustness recipes could improve proton treatment planning to calibrate residual differences from photon-based assumptions.
Assessing apparent secondary electron yield from current–voltage characteristics of abnormal DC glow discharges
Authors: Eliseev S I 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The problem of assessing apparent secondary emission coefficient based on electrical properties of direct-current (DC) glow discharges using numerical modeling is revisited. An analysis of potential sources of uncertainties resulting from errors in experimental data as well as from model assumptions and approximations is presented. An estimation method based on a previously developed analytical model of a DC glow discharge is suggested. Application of the method is demonstrated in the example available in the literature of current–voltage characteristics of DC glow discharges in argon with copper electrodes. Values obtained for the considered data fall into two distinguishable groups, closely corresponding to those for clean and dirty copper cathode surfaces. The obtained preliminary results suggest the feasibility of estimating apparent secondary emission coefficients in DC discharges using numerical modeling.
Entropy analysis of slip flow second-grade Cu − EO and TiO
2 − EO nanofluids using Modified Buongiorno model
Authors: Rath Chinmoy , Nayak Anita 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The current research investigates the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) slip flow of second-grade nanofluids past a permeable stretching sheet in a porous medium. The flow analysis is accomplished considering thermophoresis, Brownian diffusion, chemical reaction, and elastic deformation. The implementation of the Modified Buongiorno model (MBM) on second-grade nanofluid is the novel aspect of the study. The formulated coupled nonlinear equations are non-dimensionalized, applying suitable similarity transformation. Numerical resolution of the resulting equations is achieved via MATLAB solver bvp4c. In our problem, two different groups of nanofluids, Cu − EO and TiO
2 − EO, have been considered. The development of profiles of nanofluid velocity, temperature, concentration, entropy generation and Bejan number, with the flow parameters, is elaborated graphically. Tabulated values of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are illustrated. The principal outcomes of this study demonstrate a higher rate of heat transfer of Cu − EO nanofluid than TiO
2 − EO nanofluid. The Nusselt number significantly decelerates, and the Sherwood number accelerates due to the combined influence of the Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis parameters. The second-grade parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction boost the skin friction magnitude. Furthermore, the entropy generation increases due to the Brinkman number and concentration diffusion parameter. The present research can be utilized to enhance the effectiveness of cooling systems in automobile engines, nuclear reactors, and heat exchangers. For the validation of our result, a comparative study is made with the previous authors and concludes in good agreement.
Relativistic configuration-interaction calculations on K
α
X-ray satellites of medium-charge Be-like ions
Authors: Wang Yunping , Deng Banglin , Jiang Shiying , Zhang Guosheng , Tang Ke , Zhang Xiaoqin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study puts forward a calculation of the transitions of 1s2s22p 1P1−1s22s2 1S0 and 1s2s22p 3P1−1s22s2 1S0 for Be-like ions (Z = 6–30) using the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree–Fock (MCDHF) and relativistic configuration interaction methods. The computational results include transition wavelengths, transition probabilities, line strengths, and weighted oscillator strengths. The calculations also consider the contributions of the Breit interaction and quantum electrodynamics corrections (QED) to these levels. The results show that the contribution of the Breit interaction, self-energy, and vacuum polarization increase rapidly with increasing nuclear charge for certain configurations. The present calculated values are in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental results, with errors better than 0.3%. A
V/A
L comparisons demonstrate the reliability of the data.
MD simulation of vacancy and interstitial diffusion in FeCr alloy
Authors: Tikhonchev Mikhail 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The diffusion mobility of iron and chromium atoms in Fe-9%Cr and Fe-20%Cr alloys for temperature up to 1000 K has been studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Both vacancy and interstitial migration of atoms has been considered. Corresponding diffusion coefficients of iron and chromium atoms, as well as the diffusion coefficients of a vacancy and self-interstitial configuration, have been evaluated. The values obtained for the vacancy diffusion satisfactory agree with experimental results taken from the literature.
Photocatalytic activity of hybrid Ag/Er:ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in distilled water
Authors: Ahmed Samah M , Imam Hisham 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have studied the photocatalytic performance of ZnO, Er:ZnO, hybrid Ag/ZnO, and Ag/Er:ZnO colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of stoichiometric targets and silver plate in double distilled water. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the polycrystalline structure of the ablated NPs. The morphology of the nanoparticles was examined by the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optical properties of the prepared colloidal NPs were investigated by the UV-visible absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The photodegradation of the Rhodamine 6G organic dye was utilized to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the produced colloidal NPs under illumination by UV light. The hybrid Ag/Er:ZnO colloidal NPs showed enhanced photodegradation efficiency of 96.4%, after 45 min of UV irradiation, compared to 79.7% of the pristine ZnO NPs. The obtained results point out the enhancing effect of the dopants on the photocatalytic performance of ZnO, and further demonstrate the pulsed laser ablation of bulk materials in pure water as a fast and eco-friendly technique for producing efficient nanoparticle photocatalysts.
Modeling two-stage failure mechanism of cascading in cyber-physical power systems
Authors: Chen Lei , Sun Yang , Dou Chunxia , Ge Hui , Cheng Zihao , Li Shengquan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Interdependency in cyber-physical power systems enables efficient monitor and control, but also brings out many threats, leading to catastrophic blackouts. To address this problem, the propagation mechanism of cascading failure in systems is analyzed. In this paper, we propose the partial random coupling systems model, and detail the interactive mechanism between physical power grid and communication network. Then, the modified failure mechanism is present, including two-stage redistribution types of traffic loads in physical power grid, and stochastic routing strategies in communication network. In simulation, the impact of attack scenes and topology structure on systems robustness is studied. Compared with random attack, high degree/betweenness attack results in first-order transition of cascading failure at a critical point, and causes more serious damage on systems. Besides, we have proved the positive correlation between clustering coefficient and robustness. To random attack, the systems consisted of double-star network behave more robust than systems consisted of mesh network, and also indicate the misproportion of increase between average dependent degree and systems robustness.
A single gate Si1−xGex dopingless TFET functioned as an effective label-free biosensor
Authors: Panda Shwetapadma , Dash Sidhartha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the sensitivity of a newly presented heterojunction dopingless tunnel field effect transistor (HJ-DLTFET) biosensor for the label-free detection of biomolecules. The etched nanocavity is introduced in the source metal region for better sensing ability. The dielectric constants (k) of five neutral biomolecules are employed in this paper to test the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor. The electrostatic performance is investigated based on transfer characteristics, energy band, tunneling distance (λ) at source/channel (S/C) interface, drain current (ID) variation for different dielectric constant (k), drain to source voltage (VDS) variation and mole fraction (x) variation respectively. Further, the RF performance analysis includes gate/source capacitance (Cgs), total gate capacitance (Cgg), cut-off frequency (ft), and maximum frequency (fm) analysis. Similarly, sensitivity analysis consists of current sensitivity (SID), current ratio sensitivity (Sratio), average SS sensitivity (SSS), Cgs sensitivity, Cgg sensitivity, ft sensitivity, and fm sensitivity. The investigation is carried out with the variation of neutral biomolecules in terms of various k inside the cavity. Similarly, the impact of charged biomolecules on the sensitivity of the proposed biosensor is investigated. The HJ-DLTFET sensor provides the maximum sensitivity SID of 1.56 × 1010, Sratio of 5.95 × 109, and SSS of 0.80 for Gelatin (k = 12.00) at room temperature using the Silvaco TCAD simulation tool. Combining a low band gap Si0.6Ge0.4 source with a high band gap silicon channel and a high-k (HfO2) improves drain current sensitivity without impacting leakage current.
Phenomenology of wavelike vector dark matter nonminimally coupled to gravity
Authors: Zhang Hong-Yi , Ling Siyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe study three astrophysical/cosmological consequences of nonminimal couplings to gravity in wavelike vector dark matter. In the nonrelativistic limit, the nonminimal coupling with the lowest mass dimension leads to effective self-interactions that affect the mass-radius relation of vector solitons, growth of linear perturbations during structure formation, and the speed of gravitational waves (GWs). Based on the success of cold dark matter on large-scale perturbations and the current limits on GW speed, we constrain the dark matter mass and nonminimal coupling strength to be within the range |ξ1|/m2≪ 1050eV-2and -3 × 1046eV-2≲ξ2/m2≲ 8 × 1048eV-2.
Expanding possibilities for quantum state engineering
Authors: Kuts D A , Ushakov V L , Mikheev E V , Nguyen B A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Generation of the states with fidelity as close as possible to high-amplitude Schrödinger cat states (SCSs) is studied. The input state in the main mode is exclusively mixed with the Fock states on successive beam splitters after which a number of auxiliary modes emerge. Subsequently, all the modes are properly displaced. The resulting state is projected onto the vacuum states of every auxiliary mode for conditional generation of the target states in the main mode. We demonstrate a possibility to generate Schrödinger cat qudits (SCQs) which may approximate SCSs of large size

β

ranging from

β

=
2

to

β

=
3

with high fidelity close to

0.99

. The method is based on the use of the concept of SCQs being the best approximation of the SCSs in the finite Hilbert space with basic displaced number states characterized by the displacement amplitude

α

. Different states (e.g. number state or coherent state or superposed state) are selected as the input to the optical scheme. In particular, we show that an input Schrödinger kitten state (i.e. small-size SCS) can give rise to an output SCS of larger size. We also test the proposed approach in a realistic scenario.
Modeling of toroidal momentum transport induced by neoclassical toroidal viscosity torque for ITER scenarios
Authors: Yan X.-T. , Sun Y.-W. , Li L. , Liu Y.-Q. , Bao N.-N. , Loarte A. , Pinches S. , Wan B.-N. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque caused by resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) and the induced toroidal momentum transport are investigated for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) scenarios through numerical modeling. The NTV torque is calculated using the NTVTOK code including the bounce-drift resonant effect, and the toroidal rotation evolution is modeled by solving a toroidal momentum transport equation that couples momentum source (NTV torque) and the momentum diffusion effect. The variation of RMP coil phasing (defined as toroidal phase difference between different rows of RMP coils) results in different types of plasma response and hence different features of NTV torque and toroidal momentum transport. The bounce-drift resonant effect enhances NTV torque and induces more significant toroidal rotation variation than simulations that adopt the bounce-averaged NTV model. With the initial rotation of the ITER design, plasma rotation is braked by NTV torque, but it may be sustained at moderate amplitude due to electron contributions to NTV torque. It is also found that initially static or slowly rotating plasma can be accelerated by NTV torque either toward co-

I

p

or counter-

I

p

(

I

p

indicates plasma current) direction, indicating that NTV torque can be regarded as a momentum source for plasma with low torque injection; for instance, radio-frequency heated plasma.
Preparation of Pt/ZIF-7 hybrid porous material and its application in hydrogen fuel cell
Authors: Yang Lili , Guo Jiahui , Zhang Le , Shi Lihua , Zhao Keming 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are the most ideal low-carbon and environmentally friendly new energy vehicles, but the catalyst for hydrogen fuel cells requires the use of precious metal platinum. At present, the catalysts for hydrogen fuel cells mainly rely on imports, greatly limiting the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China. We used a simple and energy-saving room temperature stirring method to in-situ load polyvinyl pyrrolidone modified Pt onto ZIF-7, so that the surface of ZIF crystal can continuously absorb PVP modified Pt nanoparticles while growing. PVP is a non-ionic surfactant, which can not only stabilize Pt nanoparticles in polar solvents, but also control the size and shape of Pt nanoparticles as a capping agent. This can not only avoid the agglomeration of Pt nanoparticles to keep their original characteristics, but also effectively control the spatial distribution of Pt nanoparticles in ZIF-7. The catalysts Pt/ZIF-7 were prepared, with corresponding Pt content of 0.052%, 0.26%, 0.52%, and 1.04%, respectively. Subsequently, we will apply the prepared Pt/ZIF-7 catalyst to hydrogen fuel cells and test its catalytic performance.
Recent advances in mitigating fusion zone softening during laser welding of Al-Si coated 22MnB5 press-hardened steels
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shehryar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The automotive industry is seeking reduced vehicle weight and improved safety of newer generation vehicles to meet global zero-emission targets. Tailor-welded blanks offer a solution to meet this demand by producing lightweight yet strong components, such as the B-pillar, using laser-welded press-hardened steels. The laser welding of Al-Si coated PHSs causes the coating to be diluted into the melt pool which can cause premature failure due to the presence of a softer ferrite phase in an otherwise martensitic joint. Currently, laser ablation is used to remove the Al-Si layer prior to welding, but other techniques have been proposed which can potentially bypass the need to remove the coating and instead, welding directly through the coating. This study examines the problem of fusion zone softening during the laser welding of Al-Si coated 22MnB5 and discusses recently proposed novel solutions that can solve the issue without the prior removal of the Al-Si coating before welding or using expensive filler materials during welding. The paper concludes with several viable recommendations for future work that can be used as potential directions for further research.
Elimination of global warming gas emissions by utilizing high reactive metakaolin in high strength concrete for eco-friendly protection
Authors: Kumar K Naveen , Divahar R , Gupta Mohit , Raj P S Aravind , Sangeetha S P , Joanna P S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The manufacturing process of cement emits one metric ton of carbon dioxide greenhouse gas. Considering the situation reducing the gas emission without affecting cement production, industrial wastes like metakaolin (MK) can be partially replaced with cement due to high pozzolanic reactivity to arrive the high-strength concrete. This present examination attentions on the obtaining optimum percentage of metakaolin to be substituted for cement proportion and aims to determine the concrete sample’s mechanical characteristics, equivalent CO2 emissions, and energy factor for environmental advantages through comparison with metakaolin varied from 0% to 20% at 5% incremental rate was determined and compared with the conventional control mix. Concrete samples are tested at the periodical interval of 7, 14, and 28 days in addition results, 5% of metakaolin is the optimum percentage to be replaced for cement in concrete. The negative sign implies that replacing binder with MK gradually decreases energy requirements (−2.16% to −7.74%) as well as carbon dioxide emissions (−4.17% to −15.41%). The use of mineral admixture like high reactive metakaolin additional cementitious elements has a considerable effect and may have an impact on the creation of environmentally friendly, sustainable concrete. In conclusion, effective utilization of high reactive metakaolin in high-strength concrete leads to substantial cost, and reducing global gas emissions eventually reduces energy consumption and a notable decrease in environmental pollution.
Comparison of wet and dry milling on carbon biomass as dispersed particle in quench medium for steel heat treatment application
Authors: Putra Wahyuaji Narottama , Mochtar Myrna Ariati , Syahrial Anne Zulfia , Suharno Bambang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Particle dispersion in the quench medium can alter its properties, particularly its thermal conductivity. Modulating the quench medium’s thermal conductivity can impact the steel’s hardness after heat treatment. In this study, micron-sized particles of carbon biomass derived from coconuts were obtained by milling the biomass via wet and dry methods. The milling duration for both methods was 10, 15, and 20 h, while the speeds were 250, 500, and 750 rpm for each duration. Particle size analysis revealed that dry milling could decrease the particle size by up to 60% from its initial size, whereas wet milling could only decrease it by up to 43%. A thermal conductivity test was conducted on the water-based quench medium supplemented with milled particles, demonstrating an increase in thermal conductivity up to 0.68 W mK−1 and 0.83 W mK−1 for dry and wet milling, respectively. All steel quenched with particle-added quench medium showed a hardness up to 21% higher than steel quenched with distilled water. The increase in hardness suggests that the cooling rate during quenching was faster because of the additional dispersed particle, determined by the quench medium’s thermal conductivity.
Endurance-test and theoretical prediction of a rare earth nanocathode for the applied field magnetoplasmadynamic thruster
Authors: WANG 王 Ge 戈 , LI 李 Yong 永 , ZHOU 周 Cheng 成 , WEI 魏 Yanming 延明 , KONG 孔 Chuncai 春才 , ZHENG 郑 Xuecheng 学程 , ZHANG 张 Xinwei 心霨 , YANG 杨 Zhimao 志懋 , ZHENG 郑 Jinxing 金星 , CONG 丛 Yuntian 云天 , WANG 王 Baojun 宝军 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The erosion loss of cathode is essential for the lifetime of magnetoplasmadynamic thruster (MPDT). In this work, an endurance test system for MPDT cathodes was designed and developed, and the erosion characteristics, erosion rate and erosion mechanism of the cathode were studied using the system under vacuum condition. The WCe20 hollow cathode was selected to carry out the long-term erosion of 540 h with the argon propellant supply flow rate of 40 ml min−1, the input current of 25 A, and the central magnetic field intensity of 96 Gs. In order to predict the theoretical service life of cathode, a steady state erosion numerical model was established. The calculation results show that the total erosion rate of sputtering and evaporation is 11.58 mg h−1, which is slightly smaller than the test data of the average cathode corrosion rate of 12.70 mg h−1 in the experiment, because the experimental value includes start-up erosion rate.