bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remedies for the Expectations Gap: The Internal Auditing Perspective
Authors: Petruska Karin , Wakil Gulraze 
Published: May 2023

<p> [...]auditors only assess the probability that these items are correct by checking and analyzing a sample rather than all financial information of an organization. [...]IA performs many types of audits, including compliance audits, benefit plan audits, operational audits, transaction cycle audits, management audits, and even ethics audits.13 There are also integrated audits, which include regulatory and operational audits that encompass many areas of the organization, not just accounting per se. [...]internal audit has begun to draw staff from diverse backgrounds, even nonaccounting areas. [...]IA can be an exciting profession for recent graduates starting on their career path and can provide ample opportunities. [...]accounting education has not grown ubiquitously to inform students of IA opportunities and job features. </p>
International Journal of Role-playing Issue 4 - Special Issue: Role-playing in Games -- Full Issue
Authors: Harviainen J. Tuomas , Bowman Sarah Lynne , Ilieva Angelina , Jara David , Mochocki Michał , Stenros Jaakko 
Published: May 2023

International Journal of Role-playing Issue 4 -- Full Issue
Table of Contents
J. Tuomas Harviainen -- "Editorial -- Special issue: Role-Playing in Games"
This special issue contains five articles chosen from amongst those presented at the Role-Playing in Games seminar at the University of Tampere, Finland, April 10-11, 2012. Several others from that seminar will be appearing in future issues of this journal. Read the full editorial here
Sarah Lynne Bowman -- "Social Conflict in Role-Playing Communities: An Exploratory Qualitative Study"
Much of the current research in the field of role-playing studies focuses upon the positive impact that games can have on the lives of participants. This research describes potential problems within role-playing communities.
Angelina Ilieva -- "Cultural Languages of Role-Playing"
Role-play interaction in live role- playing games is also language interaction. Role-playing language is different from everyday language, because the worlds created in role-play are not just a reflection or extension of everyday life.
David Jara -- "A Closer Look at the (Rule-) Books: Framings and Paratexts in Tabletop Role-playing Games"
As texts which are based on collaborative and interactive narration, tabletop – also known as “pen and paper” – role- playing games (TRPGs) are distinct in their technological simplicity.
Michał Mochocki -- "Edu-Larp as Revision of Subject-Matter Knowledge"
The paper presents theoretical foundations of the author’s approach to the design of edu- larps. It is deliberately steering away from cross-disciplinary teaching, artistic education or soft skills training in order to advocate larps tailored to single school subjects, focused on integration and consolidation of curricular knowledge.
Jaakko Stenros -- "Between Game Facilitation and Performance: Interactive Actors and Non- Player Characters in Larps"
The challenge of combining narrative and gameplay in live action role-playing games (larps) has been successfully negotiated with the use of runtime game mastering and interactive actors (ractors) performing non-player characters (NPC).
International Journal of Role-playing 6 -- Full Issue -- IJRP
Authors: Bowman Sarah Lynne , Atwater Brodie , Standiford Andhe , De los Angeles Gabriel , Cox Jason , Harviainen J. Tuomas , Hellström Mikael , Jordan Josh T. , MacLean Graham , Torner Evan 
Published: May 2023

IJRP 6: Special Issue — Role-playing and Simulation in Education
Table of Contents
Sarah Lynne Bowman, “Editorial”
Brodie Atwater, “We Need to Talk: A Literature Review of Debrief”
Sarah Lynne Bowman and Andhe Standiford, “Enhancing Healthcare Simulations and Beyond: Immersion Theory and Practice”
Gabriel de los Angeles, “Scaffolding Role Playing: An Analysis of Role-playing Interactions with Non Role-players of All Ages”
Jason Cox, “Arts-Based Inquiry with Art Educators through American Freeform”
J. Tuomas Harviainen, “Physical Presence in Simulation: A Scratch at the Surface of Complexity”
Mikael Hellström, “Playing Political Science: Leveraging Game Design in the Post-Secondary Classroom”
Josh T. Jordan, “Simulation and Character Ownership in Secondary Dramatic Literature Education”
Graham MacLean, “One Way to Create Educational Games”
Evan Torner, “Teaching German Literature Through Larp: A Proposition”
A randomised control trial assessing the impact of an investment-based intervention on weight-loss, glycated haemoglobin and psychological outcomes 1 year post bariatric surgery
Authors: Hollywood Amelia , Ogden Jane , Hashemi Majid 
Published: May 2023

Background: Whilst bariatric surgery remains the most effective form of weight management, some patients show less than optimal weight loss. This study evaluated the impact of focusing on the investment patients have made in surgery to improve health outcomes. Methods: The study used a randomised control trial design with patients allocated either to the control or investment intervention group. Patients were recruited from University College Hospital, London and half were randomly allocated to the intervention arm and described the investment they had made in their operation just before surgery then 3 and 6 months post-surgery. The primary outcomes were patient’s weight, body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c at 12 months. Secondary psychological outcomes were also assessed at baseline and 12 months. Results: By one year post-operation for 141 patients the mean change in weight was 35.2kg, for BMI it was 12.7 and for HbA1c it was 0.65. At one year follow up there was no significant difference between groups for weight loss (kg and BMI) using both ITT analysis and explanatory analysis. Using explanatory analysis (n=119) a significant difference in HbA1c change was found with those in the control group showing a greater improvement in their blood sugars than those in the intervention group (5.44 vs 5.41; p=0.03). Response rates for psychological outcomes were low (n=73). No differences were found for most psychological outcomes, however, those in the intervention group reported lower levels of imposed control than those in the control group by 12 months. Conclusions: Highlighting the patients’ investment pre and post bariatric surgery had no impact on weight loss as measured by kg or BMI 1 year later. Furthermore, no changes were found for most psychological outcomes. Some detrimental impacts were found however relating to HBA1c and perceptions of control. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02045628
Correlation between Postmortem Ethanol Production and Low Molecular Weight Volatiles (LMWVs) in a Thai Population
Authors: Hengcharoen Sutara , Kaeomun Darunrat , Phuangphung Peerayuht 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between postmortem ethanol production and low molecular weight volatiles (LMWVs) in a Thai population.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 157 Thai cadavers. Various subject data were recorded, including degree of postmortem changes (transition period group vs. decomposition group classified by the total body score [TBS]) and blood profiles of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 1-propanol concentrations from femoral blood samples that were diagnosed as postmortem production by vitreous humor analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations between these three analytes and the TBS and between postmortem ethanol and the other two analytes.
Results: This study comprised 44 females and 113 males with a mean age at death of 47.79 years old. Postmortem ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 1-propanol concentrations escalated along with the increased TBS (p<0.001). These three analytes were significantly correlated with the TBS (p<0.001) and the correlations of determination (R2) for postmortem ethanol and 1-propanol were better than for acetaldehyde (R2 = 0.488 and 0.414 vs. 0.269). Acetaldehyde and 1-propanol were positively correlated with postmortem ethanol (p<0.001). The correlations between postmortem ethanol and acetaldehyde, 1-propanol, and the combination of these two analytes produced R2 values of 0.413, 0.480, and 0.544, respectively.
Conclusion: Acetaldehyde and 1-propanol concentrations were significantly correlated with postmortem ethanol concentrations in Thai cadavers, and the combination of these two markers produced a better correlation with the postmortem ethanol concentration.
Impact assessment caused by bradyseism phenomena in the Campi Flegrei area
Authors: Perelli Francesca Linda , Di Maio Luigia Sara , De Gregorio Daniela , Magliulo Gennaro , De Martino Prospero , Zuccaro Giulio 
Published: May 2023

Campi Flegrei (Italy) is among the areas with the greatest volcanic explosive risk in the world due to the dangerousness of the expected hazards, the high exposed value (about 500,000 people will be evacuated during the “alarm phase”), and the vulnerability of the urban settlements under the effect of the volcanic phenomena. The last two dramatic bradyseism phases occurred in 1969–1972 and 1982–1984 when Pozzuoli town was affected by rapid ground inflation, which brought an overall higher level of about 3.5 m and caused numerous earthquakes (M ≤ 4.2), with severe damage to buildings. During 1984, the seismicity was intense, with 33 events with 0.5 &lt; M ≤ 3 and six with 3 &lt; M ≤ 3.8. Subsequently, the Campi Flegrei caldera was characterized by general subsidence for about 20 years until 2005, when a new inflation period started and is still ongoing (∼1 m). The areal distribution of the recent uplift is characterized by the maximum vertical displacement in the town of Pozzuoli, with a radial decrease from the caldera center outwards. The need to better understand Campi Flegrei volcanic activity is fundamental to protecting the population from hazards linked to explosive volcanic eruptions and understanding the role of seismicity as a possible precursor of a potential eruption. In this perspective, as part of the activities of the PLINIVS Study Centre (Centre of Competence of Italian Civil Protection Department for Volcanic Risk), the authors developed a procedure, implemented in a web application, that relates the monitoring of the ground deformation with the behavior of buildings to evaluate the level of progressive damage to the ordinary Phlegraean buildings due to bradyseism in near real time. This study describes the models adopted for the three impact/risk factors (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) used to estimate building damage.
Molecular transition of SARS-CoV-2 from critical patients during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico City
Authors: De La Cruz-Montoya Aldo Hugo , Díaz Velásquez Clara Estela , Martínez-Gregorio Héctor , Ruiz-De La Cruz Miguel , Bustos-Arriaga José , Castro-Jiménez Tannya Karen , Olguín-Hernández Jonadab Efraín , Rodríguez-Sosa Miriam , Terrazas-Valdes Luis Ignacio , Jiménez-Alvarez Luis Armando , Regino-Zamarripa Nora Elemi , Ramírez-Martínez Gustavo , Cruz-Lagunas Alfredo , Peralta-Arrieta Irlanda , Armas-López Leonel , Contreras-Garza Belinda Maricela , Palma-Cortés Gabriel , Cabello-Gutierrez Carlos , Báez-Saldaña Renata , Zúñiga Joaquín , Ávila-Moreno Federico , Vaca-Paniagua Felipe 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused unprecedented mortality since its emergence in late 2019. The continuous evolution of the viral genome through the concerted action of mutational forces has produced distinct variants that became dominant, challenging human immunity and vaccine development.Aim and methodsIn this work, through an integrative genomic approach, we describe the molecular transition of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing the viral whole genome sequences from 50 critical COVID-19 patients recruited during the first year of the pandemic in Mexico City.ResultsOur results revealed differential levels of the evolutionary forces across the genome and specific mutational processes that have shaped the first two epidemiological waves of the pandemic in Mexico. Through phylogenetic analyses, we observed a genomic transition in the circulating SARS-CoV-2 genomes from several lineages prevalent in the first wave to a dominance of the B.1.1.519 variant (defined by T478K, P681H, and T732A mutations in the spike protein) in the second wave.ConclusionThis work contributes to a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and selective pressures that act at the genomic level, the prediction of more accurate variants of clinical significance, and a better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms driving the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to improve vaccine and drug development.
Functional inference of long non-coding RNAs through exploration of highly conserved regions
Authors: Liu Zhongpeng , Guo Tianbin , Yin Zhuoda , Zeng Yanluo , Liu Haiwen , Yin Hongyan 
Published: May 2023

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are generally less functionally characterized or less annotated, evolve more rapidly than mRNAs and substantially possess fewer sequence conservation patterns than protein-coding genes across divergent species. People assume that the functional inference could be conducted on the evolutionarily conserved long non-coding RNAs as they are most likely to be functional. In the past decades, substantial progress has been made in discussions on the evolutionary conservation of non-coding genomic regions from multiple perspectives. However, understanding their conservation and the functions associated with sequence conservation in relation to further corresponding phenotypic variability or disorders still remains incomplete.Results: Accordingly, we determined a highly conserved region (HCR) to verify the sequence conservation among long non-coding RNAs and systematically profiled homologous long non-coding RNA clusters in humans and mice based on the detection of highly conserved regions. Moreover, according to homolog clustering, we explored the potential function inference via highly conserved regions on representative long non-coding RNAs. On lncRNA XACT, we investigated the potential functional competence between XACT and lncRNA XIST by recruiting miRNA-29a, regulating the downstream target genes. In addition, on lncRNA LINC00461, we examined the interaction relationship between LINC00461 and SND1. This interaction or association may be perturbed during the progression of glioma. In addition, we have constructed a website with user-friendly web interfaces for searching, analyzing, and downloading to present the homologous clusters of humans and mice.Conclusion: Collectively, homolog clustering via the highly conserved region definition and detection on long non-coding RNAs, as well as the functional explorations on representative sequences in our research, would provide new evidence for the potential function of long non-coding RNAs. Our results on the remarkable roles of long non-coding RNAs would presumably provide a new theoretical basis and candidate diagnostic indicators for tumors.
Sexual knowledge, risk behavior, and access to reproductive health services among orphaned adolescents in Southwest Nigeria: implications for institutionalized care
Authors: Faramade Ifedola Olabisi , Olugbenga-Bello Adenike Iyanuoluwa , Goodman Olayinka Olufisayo 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAn orphan has been defined as a child under 18 years of age who has lost one or both parents to any cause. It has been reported that for every 10 Nigerian children, 1 is likely to be an orphan. Adolescents are faced with a serious challenge in meeting their reproductive health need, which oftentimes becomes overwhelming especially when they are orphaned.ObjectivesWe compared institutionalized and non-institutionalized orphaned adolescents for their knowledge of sexuality, risky sexual practice, and access to reproductive health services.MethodsThe study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive study design conducted via structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaires among 205 orphaned adolescents (140 institutionalized and 65 non-institutionalized). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS version 25.0) and summarized using frequency, mean and percentages, and inferential statistics. All analyses were done at a 95% confidence interval and at a p &lt; 0.05 level of significance.ResultsThe knowledge levels of a majority of non-institutionalized respondents (73.8%) were good when compared with those in institutions (56.4%) (χ2 = 5.713, p = 0.017). Institutionalized orphans displayed better sexual behavior (80.7%) than non-institutionalized respondents (64.6%) (χ2 = 6.239, p = 0.011). Access to reproductive health services was found to be slightly higher among institutionalized respondents (66.4%) than among their non-institutionalized counterparts (64.6%).ConclusionInstitutionalized and non-institutionalized orphans differed in terms of their knowledge of sexuality, sexual behavior, and risky practices, including access to reproductive health services. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of institutionalized care of orphans toward improved access to reproductive health services and good sexual practices. In the light of this, the government and relevant stakeholders should advocate the need for providing better sexuality education and understanding, make sure that access barriers for orphans are removed and orphans utilize the facilities for reproductive health that are available, and also make sure that adolescent health policies are implemented effectively.
Efficacy of radiotherapy in combination with first-line immunotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score analysis
Authors: Qin Jian , Yi Shouhui , Zhou Hanjing , Zeng Chuan , Zou Minghua , Zeng Xuan , Yang Zhenzhou , Huang Yusheng 
Published: May 2023

AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy in combination with immunotherapy after achieving disease control from the first-line combination therapy of platinum-based chemotherapy and immunotherapy for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).MethodsThis study retrospectively evaluated the patients with advanced LUSC treated with the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy and chemotherapy (ICRT group, n = 52) or immunotherapy and chemotherapy (ICT group, n = 63) as the first-line treatment from April 2018 to April 2022. Using propensity score matching (PSM), 50 pairs were created, while the confounders and bias were controlled. The objective response rate (ORR), duration of overall response (DOR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse events were analyzed in the two groups. The PFS and OS were re-analyzed separately for patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy.ResultsAfter PSM, the median PFS (12.23 vs. 7.43 months; P &lt;0.001) and median OS (19.7 vs. 12.9 months; P &lt;0.001) were significantly longer in the ICRT group than those in the ICT group. Both the PFS and OS rates were also significantly higher in the ICRT group than those in the ICT group, except for the OS rates in the 6th and 12th months. The mDOR of the ICRT group patients (17.10 vs. 8.27 months; P &lt;0.001) was significantly higher than that of the ICT group patients. The median PFS, median OS, and local control rate were significantly longer in the thoracic radiotherapy group than in the control group. Radiation pneumonia was the most common adverse effect after radiotherapy; however, no treatment-related deaths occurred. The Cox regression analysis showed that ECOG scores 0-1, presence of necrosis in the tumor, radiotherapy, and optimal efficacy better than the stable disease (SD) were independent factors, affecting the PFS, while the patients with recurrent post-operative, pre-treatment NLR, radiotherapy, and optimal efficacy better than SD were the independent factors, affecting the OS.ConclusionsThe combination of radiotherapy with systematic immunotherapy and chemotherapy for the advanced LUSC was effective with tolerable adverse effects.
Crosstalk between TLR8 and RIG-I-like receptors enhances antiviral immune responses
Authors: Vlaming Killian E. , van Wijnbergen Kelly , Kaptein Tanja M. , Nijhuis Monique , Kootstra Neeltje J. , de Bree Godelieve J. , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundToll-like receptor (TLR) agonists have been investigated due to their potential dual effects as latency reverting agents and immune modulatory compounds in people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we investigated whether co-stimulation of TLR7/8 agonists with RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) agonists enhances antiviral immunity.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were incubated with TLR and RLR-agonists for 24 h and innate and adaptive immune responses were determined (maturation markers, cytokines in supernatant, ISG expression).ResultsBoth TLR7 and TLR8 agonists induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in DCs as well as PBMCs. TLR8 agonists were more potent in inducing cytokine responses and had a stronger effect on DC-induced immunity. Notably, while all compounds induced IL-12p70, co-stimulation with TLR8 agonists and RLR agonist polyI: C induced significantly higher levels of IL-12p70 in PBMCs. Moreover, crosstalk between TLR8 and RLR agonists induced a strong type I Interferon (IFN) response as different antiviral IFN-stimulated genes were upregulated by the combination compared to the agonists alone.ConclusionOur data strongly suggest that TLR crosstalk with RLRs leads to strong antiviral immunity as shown by induction of IL-12 and type I IFN responses in contrast to TLRs alone. Thus, co-stimulation of TLRs and RLRs might be a powerful strategy to induce reactivation of latent reservoir as well as antiviral immunity that eliminates the reactivated cells.
Integrative analysis revealed the role of glucagon-like peptide-2 in improving experimental colitis in mice by inhibiting inflammatory pathways, regulating glucose metabolism, and modulating gut microbiota
Authors: Li Dongyue , Gao Yanhong , Cui Lanrong , Li Yang , Ling Hao , Tan Xin , Xu Hongyu 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by recurrent and remitting inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum, the incidence of which is on the rise. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a newly discovered neurotrophic factor, but its efficacy and mechanism of action in UC remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and potential targets of GLP-2 on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced UC in mice through integrative analysis.MethodsThe effects of GLP-2 on UC were assessed by calculating the disease activity index, colonic mucosal damage index, and pathological histological scores. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of GLP-2, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). The 16SrRNA gene was used to detect changes in gut microbiota in mouse colonic tissues, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose levels were used to analyze the differences in flora.ResultsThe results showed that GLP-2 could reduce the inflammation of UC mice, which may be achieved by inhibiting the potential targets of NF-κB, and Janus kinase (JAK)/STAT3 inflammatory pathways, regulating sugar metabolism, increasing dominant species, and improving microbial diversity.DiscussionThis study provides new insight into the potential of GLP-2 for achieving more ideal UC treatment goals in future.