bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation evolves from shear to extensile in rocks due to energy optimization
Authors: McBeck Jessica , Cordonnier Benoît , Cooke Michele , Fattaruso Laura , Renard Francois 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Determining how fracture network development leads to macroscopic failure in heterogeneous materials may help estimate the timing of failure in rocks in the upper crust as well as in engineered structures. The proportion of extensile and shear deformation produced by fracture development indicates the appropriate failure criteria to apply, and thus is a key constraint in such an effort. Here, we measure the volume proportion of extensile and shear fractures using the orientation of the fractures that develop in triaxial compression experiments in which fractures are identified using dynamic in situ synchrotron X-ray imaging. The fracture orientations transition from shear to extensile approaching macroscopic, system-size failure. Numerical models suggest that this transition occurs because the fracture networks evolve in order to optimize the total mechanical efficiency of the system. Our results provide a physical interpretation of the empirical internal friction coefficient in rocks.
Number of contiguous vertebral cross-links in the spine indicates bone formation: a cross- sectional study
Authors: Furukawa Mitsuru , Shibata Reo , Okuyama Kunimasa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: As an indicator to evaluate the risk of fracture in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis, the maximum number of vertebral bodies’ bone cross-linked with contiguous adjacent vertebrae (max VB) was developed. This study retrospectively investigates the relationship between max VB, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone metabolic markers (BMM).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study (from April 2010 to January 2022), males (n = 114) with various max VB from the thoracic vertebra to the sacrum, measured using computed tomography scans, were selected to assess femur BMD and BMM. The association of max VB with the total type I procollagen N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), and bone turnover ratio (BTR = TRACP-5b/P1NP) as well as its relationship with femur BMD with P1NP and TRACP-5b, were investigated. Furthermore, the relationship between P1NP and TRACP-5b was investigated.
Results: P1NP increased in proportion to max VB and TRACP-5b increased in proportion to P1NP. Moreover, BTR was inversely proportional to max VB. Finally, femur BMD was inversely proportional to P1NP and TRACP-5b.
Conclusion: As max VB increased with P1NP—a potential osteogenesis indicator—and BTR was inversely proportional to max VB with compensatory TRACP-5b increase, max VB can be considered as a possible predictor of bone fusion.
General Ward Nurses Detection and Response to Clinical Deterioration in Three Hospitals at the Kenyan Coast: A Convergent Parallel Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mbuthia Nickcy , Kagwanja Nancy , Ngari Moses , Boga Mwanamvua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
In low and middle-income countries like Kenya, critical care facilities are limited, which means acutely ill patients are managed in the general wards. Nurses in these wards are expected to detect and respond to patient deterioration to prevent cardiac arrest or death. This study examined nurses' vital signs documentation practices during clinical deterioration and explored factors influencing their ability to detect and respond to clinical deterioration.
Methods
This convergent parallel mixed-methods study was conducted in the general medical and surgical wards of three hospitals in Kenya's coastal region. Quantitative data on the extent to which the nurses monitored and documented the patients' vital signs 24 hours before a cardiac arrest (death) occurred was retrieved from patients' medical records. Additionally, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-four purposefully drawn registered nurses working in the three hospitals' adult medical and surgical wards.
Results
This study reviewed 405 patient records and found that most of the documentation of the vital signs was done in the nursing notes and not the vital signs observation chart. During the 24 hours prior to death, respiratory rate was documented the least in only 1.2% of the records. Only a very small percentage of patients had any vital event documented for all six-time points. Thematic analysis of the interview data identified five broad themes related to detecting and responding promptly to deterioration. These were insufficient monitoring of vital signs, availability of equipment and supplies, staffing conditions and workload, lack of training and guidelines, and communication and teamwork constraints among healthcare workers.
Conclusion
The study showed that nurses did not consistently monitor and record vital signs in the general wards. The nurses worked in suboptimal ward environments characterised by inadequate and malfunctioning monitoring equipment, high workload due to staff shortages, communication and teamwork gaps, and little training on handling patient deterioration at the ward level; factors that negatively impact patient safety and outcomes. The findings provide an opportunity for future research to test interventions to improve nurses' assessment and management of clinical deterioration in general wards.
Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir plus Ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 3 infected cirrhotic patients with or without HIV or HBV coinfection: Real-world experience from Southwest China
Authors: Yang Yongrui , Wu Ti , Lu Nihong , Huang Kang , Zhao Zhirong , Li Haiwen , Du Yingrong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Evidence of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for refractory chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients was limited. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) plus Ribavirin (RBV) in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3 (GT3) with or without HIV or HBV coinfection.
Methods: From June 2019 to December 2022, CHC GT3 patients who received SOF/VEL plus RBV (dosage of RBV depended on weight) for 12 weeks were enrolled. Liver cirrhosis was diagnosed by clinical presentation . The primary endpoint was sustained virologic response at 12 weeks off-therapy (SVR12). Adverse events (AE)were assessed during treatment.
Results:In total, 285 treatment-naive patients were recruited at the Kunming Third People’s Hospital. Mean age was 48.18±8.27 years-old and 74.04% (211/285) were male. All patients had GT3 HCV infection including 44 patients with GT3a and 241 patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 3b (GT3b) . Among these patients, 39 with HCV/HIV,10 with HBV/HCV, and 1 with HBV/HCV/HIV coinfection. All patients had liver cirrhosis, and 46.67% (133/285) of patients had compensated cirrhosis (CC), while 53.33% (152/285) of patients had decompensated cirrhosis (DCC). 98.95% (282/285) patients achieved SVR12 with SOF/VEL plus RBV treatment for 12 weeks, including 97.72% (43/44) in GT3a and 99.17% (239/241) in GT3b. According to the condition for 285 patients with liver cirrhosis, the SVR12 rate in the CC group was : 99.25% (132/133), the SVR12 rate in the DCC group was: 98.68% (150/152). After 12 weeks of treatment, the APRI score and FIB-4 score in CC group and DCC group were improved, and the improvement in the compensated cirrhosis group was better than that in decompensated cirrhosis group (PAPRI=0.001, PFIB-4=0.001). Mean ALT (from 74±27.23U/L to 39.31±12.22U/L, p<0.05) and AST (from 73.98±25.54U/L to 44.17±15.56U/L, p<0.05) also significantly declined after treatment.1 patient had serious AE of hemolysis but recovered after 2-3 days of interruption of RBV. Most AEs were consistent with clinical sequelae of advanced liver disease or known toxicities of RBV.
Conclusion： SOF/VEL combined with RBV for cirrhotic GT3 hepatitis C patients all obtained high SVR12 (>95%), improved liver function during treatment, and for cirrhotic GT3 hepatitis C patients treatment with SOF/VEL combined with RBV is recommended as early as possible.
The large-scale expansion of rubber plantations in southern India: Major impacts and the changing nature of drivers
Authors: Vijayan Dhanya , Girindran Renoy , Sam Anu Susan , Sathyan Archana Raghavan , Kaechele Harald 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the major environmental and socio-economic impacts of an increase in the area of rubber plantations and the changing patterns of drivers of land use changes by combining geospatial technologies and socio-economic methods. Using a combination of geospatial techniques and socio-economic methods, we mainly analysed the rate of increase in area under rubber plantations, major impacts of land use changes and the changing drivers of land use changes. Our results shows that the area under rubber plantations has increased significantly within the study area, with the area under rubber plantations increasing from 30–74% of the total area within five decades. Impact assessment of land-use changes based on household surveys showed significant improvement in socio-economic conditions of the farmers however at the expense of severe environmental degradation. Our results also indicate that while areas under rubber plantations continue to increase, the drivers of land use changes have changed over time. Furthermore, it has been observed that in the past many interventions prioritized social and economic development and placed less emphasis on the ecological stability of the region. Perceptions of farmers revealed that the effects of ecological fragility already affected the economic robustness of the whole area. Therefore, we conclude that government interventions to support additional rubber cultivation should also focus on ecosystem stabilization in order to minimize the risk of an ecological catastrophe that would significantly affect the economic prosperity of the region.
Establishment and characterization of satellite muscle cells from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus): Isolation, culture conditions, and myogenic protein expression
Authors: Krishnan Sathish , Ulagesan Selvakumari , Cadangin Josel , Lee Ji-Hye , Nam Taek-Jeong , Choi Youn-Hee 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Machine Learning in Molecular Communication and Applications for Health Monitoring Networks
Authors: Kumar Ashwini , K Sampath Kumar , Sharma Meenakshi , C Menaka , NAAZ ROHAILA , Vekriya Vipul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The world has been greatly affected by increased utilization of mobile methods as well as smart devices in field of health. Health professionals are increasingly utilizing these technologies' advantages, resulting in a significant improvement in clinical health care. For this purpose, machine learning (ML)as well as Internet of Things (IoT) can be utilized effectively. This study aims to propose a novel data analysis method for a health monitoring system based on machine learning. Goal of research is to create a ML based smart health monitoring method. It lets doctors keep an eye on patients from a distance as well as take periodic actions if they need to. Utilizing wearable sensors, a set of five parameters—the electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse rate, pressure, temperature, and position detection—have been identified. Kernelized component vector neural networks are used to choose the features in the input data. Then, a sparse attention-based convolutional neural network with a structural search algorithm was used to classify the selected features. For a variety of datasets, the proposed technique attained validation accuracy 95%, training accuracy 92%, RMSE 52%, F-measure 53%, sensitivity 77%.
Barrier composed of perforated resonators and boundary condition
Authors: Popov Igor , Trifanova Ekaterina , Bagmutov Alexander , Blinova Irina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We consider the Laplace operator with the Neumann boundary condition in a two-dimensional domain divided by a barrier composed of many small Helmholtz resonators coupled with the both parts of the domain through small windows of diameter 2a. The main terms of the asymptotic expansions in a of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are considered in the case when the number of the Helmholtz resonators tends to infinity. It is shown that such a homogenization procedure leads to some energy-dependent boundary condition in the limit. We use the method of matching the asymptotic expansions of the boundary value problem solutions.
FOXA1 phosphorylation by CDK4 prevents activation of novel chromatin regions and HER2 expression in breast cancer
Authors: Wang Shixiong , Palomeque Jose Angel , Santacana Gemma , Tena David , Galeotti Alice , Michou Ioanna , Kedra Darek , Sighn Sachin , Daviu Neus , Gutierrez-Fernández Javier , Portantier Marina , Aligue Rosa , Gavilà Joaquín , Brasó-Maristany Fara , Prat Aleix , Ezquerra Meritxell Bellet , Aviles Sandra Lopez , Hurtado Antoni 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The use of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) induce transcription in breast tumors. The control mechanism of such genomic changes and their physiological relevance are not elucidated yet. Now, we identified chromatin activation of tumors treated with CDK4/6i. These chromatin changes induce an increase of HER2 expression and signaling. Mechanically, we demonstrate that CDK4/6 binds to FOXA1 and phosphorylates its chromatin binding domain. The loss of FOXA1 phosphorylation allows the binding of this pioneer factor to novel chromatin regions enriched with genes involved in Receptor Tyrosine Kinase signaling. Our study demonstrates that FOXA1 is a new substrate of CDK4 and that its phosphorylation limits the binding of FOXA1 to conventional chromatin regions. Moreover, when patients are treated with CDK4/6i, a dephosphorylated FOXA1 binds to additional chromatin regions. By doing so, FOXA1 leads to an increase of HER2 expression and of the activation of HER2-MEK-ERK pathway in breast cancer patients.
Construction and application of multipurpose metal-organic frameworks -based hydrogen sulfide probe
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Wang Xiaosong , Jiang Yuliang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas derived from the sulfur industry and trace H2S in the environment can cause serious ecological damage while inhalation can cause serious damage and lead to disease. Therefore, the real-time and accurate detection of trace sulfur ions is of great significance for environmental protection and early disease detection. Considering the shortcoming of current H2S probes in terms of stability and sensitivity, the development of novel probes is necessary. Herein, a novel metal-organic frameworks （MOF）-based material, UiO-66-NH2@BDC, was designed and prepared for the visual detection of H2S with rapid response (<6 s) and low detection limit of S2- (0.13 μM) by hydrogen bonding. Based on its good optical performance, the UiO-66-NH2@BDC probe can detect S2- in various water environments. More importantly, UiO-66-NH2@BDC probe realize imaging S2- in cells and live zebrafish.
Animal feed as a lever to reduce methane emissions: a micro-econometric approach applied to French dairy farms
Authors: Letort Elodie , Dupraz Pierre 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The objective of this study is to simulate a payment for environmental services scheme to reduce enteric methane emissions per litre of milk by incentivizing farmers to modify the diet of dairy cows. We estimated a milk yield function by distinguishing between types of fodder and concentrate feeds. Methane emissions were calculated from the technical relationship between different feed sources and milk productivity. The heterogeneity of the production conditions faced by the farmers was identified from a mixture model estimated by the EM algorithm. The results show that, with the introduction of the payment for environmental services, farmers reduce their methane emissions per litre of milk the more their production conditions, as reflected by the quality of their forage, are good.
Code JEL:Q12, Q58, C63
Hemodynamic evaluation of Norwood arch geometry compared to native arch controls
Authors: Blanch-Granada Aloma , LaDisa John F. , Samyn Margaret M. , Cava Joseph R. , Handler Stephanie S. , Gerardin Jennifer F , Goot Benjamin , Maadooliat Mehdi , Hraška Viktor 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The Norwood procedure creates a reconstructed neo-aorta to provide unobstructed systemic cardiac output (CO) for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) patients. We used patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations incorporating physiologic boundary conditions to quantify hemodynamics for reconstructed aortic arch geometries versus native aortic arches from a control group of single ventricle patients. We hypothesized that reconstructed arches from Norwood patients (n=5) would experience significant differences in time-averaged wall shear stress normalized to body surface area (TAWSSnBSA), oscillatory shear index (OSI), energy efficiency (Eeff), and energy loss (EL) versus controls (n=3).
Methods: CFD simulations were conducted using 3T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), blood flow and pressure data. Simulations incorporated downstream vascular resistance and compliance to replicate patient physiology. TAWSSnBSA and OSI were quantified longitudinally and circumferentially. Global differences in Eeff and EL were compared. Significance was assessed by Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: Norwood patients had higher TAWSSnBSA distal to the transverse arch (TA) at locations of residual narrowing presenting following coarctation correction, as well as higher OSI within ascending aorta (AAo) and TA regions (p<0.05). EL correlated with patient features including cardiac output (r=0.9) and BT-shunt resistance (r=-0.63) but did not correlate with arch measurements or morphology.
Conclusions: These results indicate reconstructed arches from Norwood patients are exposed to altered WSS and energy indices linked to cellular proliferation and inefficiency in prior studies. These results may help clinicians further understand what constitutes an optimally reconstructed arch after confirmation in larger studies.
Improving effectiveness using nimotuzumab (NTZ) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on the 18F-FDG PET/CT maximum standardized uptake value
Authors: Fu Xiaobin , Li Tingting , Fei Zhaodong , Chen Chuanben 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: This study was aimed towards improving the efficacy of nimotuzumab (NTZ) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) using the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18-FDG PET) as a predictive and prognostic indicator.
Method: 248 patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) who met the inclusion criteria of our study were subjected to PET/CT scan in our hospital prior to chemoradiotherapy from January 2012 to June 2019. Survival differences and independent factors between groups were assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Outcome measures included analysis of the cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).
Result: The optimal cutoff value for the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was 12.92 while the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) for the SUVmax was 0.596. The prognostic significance for overall survival (OS) with NTZ treatment (P=0.023) and SUVmax (P=0.014) was indicated by multivariate analysis. Exploratory subgroup survival analysis revealed that NPC patients with SUVmax >12.92 treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) plus NTZ had a significantly improved 3-year OS than those treated with CCRT alone (96.2% vs. 73.2%, P=0.047). However, in those with SUVmax ≤12.92 treated with CCRT plus NTZ there was no statistically significant difference from those treated with only CCRT (97.6% vs.94.3%, P=0.129). The treatment cost with nimotuzumab was $6317.61, this additional cost being only $274.68 extra for every 1% increase in the OS rate, as indicated by the cost-effectiveness analysis.
Conclusion: In LA-NPC patients with SUVmax >12.92, adding NTZ to CCRT improves overall survival and is cost-effective. However, the addition of NTZ was not effective for patients with SUVmax ≤12.92.
Cannulated screws vs. dynamic hip screw vs. hemiarthroplasty vs. total hip arthroplasty in patients with displaced and non-displaced femoral neck fractures: a systematic review and frequentist network meta-analysis of 5,703 patients
Authors: Ramadanov Nikolai , Jozwiak Katarzyna , Hauptmann Michael , Lazaru Philip , Marinova-Kichikova Polina , Dimitrov Dobromir , Becker Roland 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: To identify the best operative procedure in human participants with a displaced or non-displaced femoral neck fracture comparing cannulated screw (CS) fixation, dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation, hemiarthroplasty (HA), and total hip arthroplasty (THA) in terms of surgical and functional outcomes, reoperation and postoperative complications.
Methods: We searched the following databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi RCTs until July 31st, 2022: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Clinical trials, CINAHL, and Embase. A pairwise and network meta-analysis was performed to simultaneously assess the comparative effects of the four operative procedures, using fixed-effects and random-effects models estimated with frequentist approach and consistency assumption. Mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for continuous variables and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated for binary variables.
Results: A total of 33 RCTs, involving 5,703 patients (92% with a displaced and 8% with a non-displaced femoral neck fracture), were included in our network meta-analysis. Of them, 913 (16%) patients were operated with CS fixation, 372 (6.5%) with DHS fixation, 2,606 (46%) with HA in, and 1,812 (31.5%) with THA. CS fixation was best in operation time (CS: MD=-57.70, 95% CI -72.78;-42.62; DHS: MD=-53.56, 95% CI -76.17;-30.95; HA: MD=-20.90, 95% CI -30.65;-11.15; THA: MD=1.00 Reference) and intraoperative blood loss (CS: MD=-3.67, 95% CI -4.44;-2.90; DHS: MD=-3.20, 95% CI -4.97;-1.43; HA: MD=-1.20, 95% CI -1.73;-0.67; THA: MD=1.00 Reference). In life quality and functional outcome, measured at different time points with EQ-5D and the Harris Hip Score (HHS), THA ranked first and HA second (e.g. EQ-5D 2 years postoperatively: CS: MD=-0.20, 95% CI -0.29; -0.11; HA: MD=-0.09, 95% CI -0.17; -0.02; THA: MD=1.00 Reference; HHS 2 years postoperatively: CS: MD=-5.50, 95% CI -9.98; -1.03; DHS: MD=-8.93, 95% CI -15.08; -2.78; HA: MD=-3.65, 95% CI -6.74; -0.57; THA: MD=1.00 Reference). CS fixation had the highest reoperation risk, followed by DHS fixation, HA, and THA (CS: OR=9.98, 95% CI 4.60; 21.63; DHS: OR=5.07, 95% CI 2.15; 11.96; HA: OR=1.60, 95% CI 0.89; 2.89; THA: OR=1.00 Reference). Distinguishing between displaced and non-displaced fractures showed no relevant differences in our network meta-analysis.
Conclusion: In our patient cohort with displaced and non-displaced femoral neck fractures, HHS, EQ-5D, and reoperation risk showed an advantage of THA and HA compared to CS and DHS fixation. Based on these findings, we recommend giving preference to hip arthroplasty, and considering internal fixation of femoral neck fractures only in individual cases.