bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scientific and technical analysis of lead-barium glaze dragonfly eye beads from the Late Warring States period in China
Authors: Yan Haihong , Sun Feng , Zhang Yuyao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper analyzed five dragonfly eye beads excavated from M176 of the Hejia Cemetery in the Late Warring States period (around 3rd c. BC) by using a super depth of field 3D microscope system (OM), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. The analytical results confirmed that all the beads were glazed pottery and the glaze material belongs to the lead-barium-silicate (PbO-BaO-SiO2) system. The color component of the glaze is Chinese Blue (BaCuSi4O10). Three beads, M176-2, M176-3, and M176-4, were formed with an inner core support and were made in the same batch. Additionally, two weathering products, CuPb4(SO4)2(OH)6 and PbCO3, were detected on the glaze layer surface. The results of scientific and technological analysis show that these beads have differences in the composition of the body and glaze, and the color composition in the glaze layer is relatively rare in previous studies. The discovery of lead-barium glazed pottery beads from the Late Warring States period in northern China provides new evidence for further exploration into the origins and evolution of early glazed pottery. The identification of weathering products formed on the beads’ surface within an alkaline burial environment holds valuable implications for the study of weathering and deterioration in silicate artifacts.
Stabilization of expansive soil with agricultural waste additives: a review
Authors: Gidebo Frehaileab Admasu , Yasuhara Hideaki , Kinoshita Naoki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoil is one of the most important construction materials in the world. It has been effectively exploited for various purposes, such as building social infrastructures, growing agricultural products, and promoting many other important activities that can be useful for human life. The nature of the soil is uncertain from one place to another due to its physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The expansive type of soil is the most problematic soil and causes damage to the foundations of roads and buildings. On the other hand, solid agricultural waste is widely available and is also a serious problem for the environment and its ecosystem. Therefore, improving the property of problematic soil by using sustainable, locally available, and low-cost agricultural waste materials is required. This paper aims to review the existing knowledge and practices from the recently published state-of-the-art journals related to expansive soil stabilization by agricultural waste additives and to support the findings with scientific data analysis. The effect of using agricultural waste additives such as coffee husk, rice husk, sawdust, wheat straw, cornhusk, sugarcane bagasse, and bamboo powder was carefully evaluated in terms of geotechnical characteristics, and strength parameters. As a result of the review, agricultural waste additives improved California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Plastic Index (PI), and Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) values, significantly lowered Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and increased the Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of the soil. Furthermore, the effects of microstructural composition, morphology, and changes in expansive soils treated with agricultural waste additives were analyzed based on the XRD test results and SEM image analysis.
A multilevel analysis of factors influencing teenagers’ identification with Europe: the effects of migration and learning opportunities
Authors: Matafora Beatriz , Ziemes Johanna Fee , Abs Hermann J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe European Union (EU) faces challenges that affect its persistence, including the revival of national populism in many EU member states. Studies have shown that individuals with immigration histories identify less strongly with Europe than individuals without immigration histories. Therefore, fostering a strong identification with Europe is more relevant than ever. This paper will explore the possible historical roots of different levels of identification and examine if differing access to learning opportunities can explain the difference. Drawing on data from the German sample of the International Civic and Citizenship Study 2016, this paper aims to determine the relevance of individual variables and learning opportunities for the development of students’ identification with Europe. Multilevel analyses at individual and classroom level were conducted introducing different independent variables. Results show that having no immigration history from outside the EU, being Christian or atheist, and learning about Europe at school are predictors of a stronger level of identification with Europe. The effect of having an immigration history from outside the EU loses significance when socio-economic status classroom composition is entered into the model. We conclude that differences in identification are not due to different access to learning opportunities, but likely due to personal characteristics.
Acceptance of artificial intelligence among pre-service teachers: a multigroup analysis
Authors: Zhang Chengming , Schießl Jessica , Plößl Lea , Hofmann Florian , Gläser-Zikuda Michaela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOver the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI)-based educational applications in education. As pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards educational technology that utilizes AI have a potential impact on the learning outcomes of their future students, it is essential to know more about pre-service teachers’ acceptance of AI. The aims of this study are (1) to discover what factors determine pre-service teachers’ intentions to utilize AI-based educational applications and (2) to determine whether gender differences exist within determinants that affect those behavioral intentions. A sample of 452 pre-service teachers (325 female) participated in a survey at one German university. Based on a prominent technology acceptance model, structural equation modeling, measurement invariance, and multigroup analysis were carried out. The results demonstrated that eight out of nine hypotheses were supported; perceived ease of use (β = 0.297***) and perceived usefulness (β = 0.501***) were identified as primary factors predicting pre-service teachers’ intention to use AI. Furthermore, the latent mean differences results indicated that two constructs, AI anxiety (z = − 3.217**) and perceived enjoyment (z = 2.556*), were significantly different by gender. In addition, it is noteworthy that the paths from AI anxiety to perceived ease of use (p = 0.018*) and from perceived ease of use to perceived usefulness (p = 0.002**) are moderated by gender. This study confirms the determinants influencing the behavioral intention based on the Technology Acceptance Model 3 of German pre-service teachers to use AI-based applications in education. Furthermore, the results demonstrate how essential it is to address gender-specific aspects in teacher education because there is a high percentage of female pre-service teachers, in general. This study contributes to state of the art in AI-powered education and teacher education.
Lung CT stabilization with high-frequency non-invasive ventilation (HF-NIV) and breath-hold (BH) in lung nodule assessment by PET/CT
Authors: Jreige Mario , Darçot Emeline , Lovis Alban , Simons Julien , Nicod-Lalonde Marie , Schaefer Niklaus , Buela Flore , Long Olivier , Beigelman-Aubry Catherine , Prior John O. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of lung stabilization using high-frequency non-invasive ventilation (HF-NIV) and breath-hold (BH) techniques on lung nodule detection and texture assessment in PET/CT compared to a free-breathing (FB) standard lung CT acquisition in PET/CT.

Materials and methods
Six patients aged 65 ± 7 years, addressed for initial assessment of at least one suspicious lung nodule with 18F-FDG PET/CT, underwent three consecutive lung PET/CT acquisitions with FB, HF-NIV and BH. Lung nodules were assessed on all three CT acquisitions of the PET/CT and characterized for any size, volume and solid/sub-solid nature.

Results
BH detected a significantly higher number of nodules (n = 422) compared to HF-NIV (n = 368) and FB (n = 191) (p < 0.001). The mean nodule size (mm) was 2.4 ± 2.1, 2.6 ± 1.9 and 3.2 ± 2.4 in BH, HF-NIV and FB, respectively, for long axis and 1.5 ± 1.3, 1.6 ± 1.2 and 2.1 ± 1.7 in BH, HF-NIV and FB, respectively, for short axis. Long- and short-axis diameters were significantly different between BH and FB (p < 0.001) and between HF-NIV and FB (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008), but not between BH and HF-NIV. A trend for higher volume was shown in FB compared to BH (p = 0.055) and HF-NIV (p = 0.068) without significant difference between BH and HF-NIV (p = 1). We found a significant difference in detectability of sub-solid nodules between the three acquisitions, with BH showing a higher number of sub-solid nodules (n = 128) compared to HF-NIV (n = 72) and FB (n = 44) (p = 0.002).

Conclusion
We observed a higher detection rate of pulmonary nodules on CT under BH or HF-NIV conditions applied to PET/CT than with FB. BH and HF-NIV demonstrated comparable texture assessment and performed better than FB in assessing size and volume. BH showed a better performance for detecting sub-solid nodules compared to HF-NIV and FB. The addition of BH or HF-NIV to PET/CT can help improve the detection and texture characterization of lung nodules by CT, therefore improving the accuracy of oncological lung disease assessment. The ease of use of BH and its added value should prompt its use in routine practice.
Security estimation of LWE via BKW algorithms
Authors: Wei Yu , Bi Lei , Lu Xianhui , Wang Kunpeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Learning With Errors (LWE) problem is widely used in lattice-based cryptography, which is the most promising post-quantum cryptography direction. There are a variety of LWE-solving methods, which can be classified into four groups: lattice methods, algebraic methods, combinatorial methods, and exhaustive searching. The Blum–Kalai–Wasserman (BKW) algorithm is an important variety of combinatorial algorithms, which was first presented for solving the Learning Parity With Noise (LPN) problem and then extended to solve LWE. In this paper, we give an overview of BKW algorithms for solving LWE. We introduce the framework and key techniques of BKW algorithms and make comparisons between different BKW algorithms and also with lattice methods by estimating concrete security of specific LWE instances. We also briefly discuss the current problems and potential future directions of BKW algorithms.
Assessment of attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic: a survey on a cohort of educated Syrian population
Authors: Albitar Lina , Aboualchamat Ghalia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused the death of millions of people and affected the lives of hundreds of millions worldwide. The WHO recommendations aimed mainly to reduce transmission, minimize infection, and get people vaccinated. Nevertheless, opinions and attitudes about the disease varied. In this study, we evaluated personal attitudes and practices of a cohort of an educated Syrian population, after several waves of infection with COVID-19 and the release of different types of vaccines.

Methods
A cross-sectional internet-based survey was launched in January 2022.The survey queried the participants’ personal experience, attitudes, practices towards COVID-19, and vaccination.

Results
The study included 408 individuals. The respondents were mainly females (72.6%), 20–29 years old (39.2%), and college graduates (59.3%). A large proportion (89.7%) reported having been infected at least once during the pandemic; a significant association was found with age (p = 0.001). Nearly half of the respondents got vaccinated; the majority were > 40 years old. Opinions differed regarding the effectiveness and safety of the vaccines; only a small percentage of the participants (17.4%) thought all vaccines were effective and safe. Remarkably, the level of education did not significantly dominate the participants’ attitudes or practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately half of the respondents (44.9%) stated their lives were affected by the pandemic and over the third were worried (38%). A significant association was detected with gender in favour of females. Most of the participants have taken at least one precautionary measure to limit the infection.

Conclusion
The level of education did not significantly dominate the participants’ attitudes or practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic. Female respondents were more cautious, concerned and committed to taking precautionary measures regardless of their education level. However, their unwillingness to receive the vaccine raises significant concerns. Efforts should be made to emphasize the importance of immunization, the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, and encourage vaccination among individuals.
Standard versus short stem cemented Exeter® when used for primary total hip arthroplasty: a survivorship analysis
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Yapp Liam Z. , Baxendale-Smith Leo D. , MacDonald Deborah , Howie Colin R. , Gaston Paul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims
The aims were to compare the survival of the cemented standard (150 mm) with the short (DDH [35.5 mm offset or less], number 1 short stem [125 mm options of 37.5 mm, 44 mm, 50 mm offset] and revision [44/00/125]) Exeter® V40 femoral stems when used for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods
Patients were retrospectively identified from an arthroplasty database. A total of 664 short stem Exeter® variants were identified, of which 229 were DDH stems, 208 number 1 stems and 227 revision stems were implanted between 2011 and 2020. A control group of 698 standard Exeter® stems used for THA was set up, and were followed up for a minimum of 10 years follow-up (implanted 2011). All-cause survival was assessed for THA and for the stem only. Adjusted analysis was undertaken for age, sex and ASA grade.

Results
The median survival time for the short stems varied according to design: DDH had a survival time of 6.7 years, number 1 stems 4.1 years, and revision stems 7.2 years. Subjects in the short stem group (n = 664) were significantly younger (mean difference 5.1, P < 0.001) and were more likely to be female (odds ratio 1.89, 95% CI 1.50 to 2.39, P < 0.001), compared to the standard group. There were no differences in THA (P = 0.26) or stem (P = 0.35) survival at 5 years (adjusted THA: 98.3% vs. 97.2%; stem 98.7% vs. 97.8%) or 10 years (adjusted THA 97.0% vs. 96.0 %; stem 96.7% vs. 96.2%) between standard and short stem groups, respectively. At 5 years no differences were found in THA (DDH: 96.7%, number 1 97.5%, revision 97.3%, standard 98.6%) or stem (DDH: 97.6%, number 1 99.0%, revision 97.3%, standard 98.2%) survival between/among the different short stems or when compared to the standard group.

Conclusion
The Exeter® short stems offer equivocal survival when compared to the standard stem at 5- to 10-year follow-up, which does not seem to be influenced by the short stem design.
Emerging rapid and non-destructive techniques for quality and safety evaluation of cacao: recent advances, challenges, and future trends
Authors: Alvarado Marjun C. , Sanchez Philip Donald C. , Polongasa Shiella Grace N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCacao is one of the world's most highly sought-after agricultural commodities for its great nutritional and economic importance. The cacao’s quality is an essential parameter to consider during postharvest processes to satisfy consumers' preferences and commercial acceptability. However, the quality and safety evaluation of cacao is mostly monitored using human inspection, which is arduous because it requires more effort and offers inaccurate results, as human judgment is subjective. Furthermore, the conventional method for quality evaluation, such as cut-test and chromatographic analysis, is destructive in nature, resulting in the disposal of samples after the measurement is carried out. To overcome the drawbacks and challenges offered by conventional methods, the rapid and non-destructive technique was introduced. This study focuses on the application of emerging rapid and non-destructive approaches that have been used to monitor the quality and safety of cacao, notably during the harvesting, grading/sorting, fermentation, and postharvest processes. It includes imaging-based computer vision, spectroscopic-based techniques, hyperspectral imaging techniques, and other non-destructive techniques. Non-destructive techniques can evaluate the different internal and external quality parameters of cacao, such as maturity index, fermentation index, moisture content, total fat content, pH, total phenolic compounds, and others. This review also highlighted the advantages, drawbacks, and future perspectives of rapid and non-invasive techniques for evaluating the quality of cacao beans. This current work has proven the effectiveness of rapid and non-invasive in replacing the conventional methods for evaluating the quality of cacao.
Graphical Abstract
Mental health states of the refugee women in the 10-year visiting process: an assessment in context of the sociocultural adaptation
Authors: Kaplan Veysel , Düken Mehmet Emin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
In this study, it is aimed to determine the relationship between the sociocultural adaptation levels and the mental states of women who fled their countries due to the war and settled in Turkey. In this context, the study was carried out with descriptive, cross-sectional, and relational design. In the study, 948 refugee women living in Turkey were interviewed. Personal information form, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Sociocultural Adaptation Scale were used in the interviews. In the analysis of the data, SPSS package program was used, and descriptive statistics were made with linear regression.

Results
As a result of the study, it was determined that 47% of refugee women were illiterate, 70% had poor Turkish speaking level, and 51% could not establish good relations with Turkish people. The mean age of the women was 28.78 ± 7.01, the mean anxiety score was 24.33 ± 7.86, the mean depression score was 23.95 ± 8.1, the mean negative self-concept score was 23.85 ± 8.05, the mean somatization score was 14.99 ± 5.77, the mean hostility score was 13.63 ± 4.29, and the mean sociocultural adaptation score was 53.15 ± 16.94.

Conclusion
It was determined that the sociocultural adaptation level of refugee women is low. In addition, it has been determined that women experience psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, somatization, negative self-perception, and hostility intensely, and these symptoms are more common in refugee women with low sociocultural adaptation level.
An assessment of methods used for the generation and characterization of cryomilled polystyrene micro- and nanoplastic particles
Authors: McColley Campbell J. , Nason Jeffrey A. , Harper Bryan J. , Harper Stacey L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a critical need to generate environmentally relevant microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) to better investigate their behavior in laboratory settings. Environmental MPs are heterogenous in size and shape, unlike monodisperse and uniform microspheres commonly used as surrogates. Cryogenic grinding, or cryomilling, was successfully utilized to transform polystyrene (PS) bulk material into heterogenous micro and nano fragments. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that this approach did not alter polymer surface chemistry. The number of milling cycles (time of milling) and frequency of grinding (intensity of milling) were varied to investigate the role cryomilling parameters had on generated MP characteristics. The resulting particle size distributions of cryomilled samples were measured and compared. Coulter Counter and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) were used to measure the particle size distributions at the micro and nanoparticle size ranges, respectively. Microspheres were used to determine what camera settings yielded more accurate sizing and to reduce bias in the NTA analysis. Increasing milling cycles generally increased the number of smaller particles. The evolution of the measured size distributions indicated that small nanosized fragments broke off from larger MPs during cryomilling, steadily eroding larger MP fragments. The number of milling cycles was observed to more consistently impact the size distributions of fragments compared to the frequency of milling. This study offers both analysis of the cryomilling process and recommendations for generating more realistic PS MP/NPs for examining environmental fate and effects.
Heyde-like syndrome occurring for the first time following aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis: a case report
Authors: Oda Takeshi , Kanamoto Ryo , Miyawaki Mizue , Akaiwa Keiichi , Nakamura Katsuhiko , Kubochi Minako , Kato Seiya , Tayama Eiki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Heyde’s syndrome is known as a combination of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and aortic valve stenosis. However, there are no reports of an association between GI bleeding and bioprosthetic valve stenosis initially occurred after aortic valve replacement (AVR), even though there are several reports that GI bleeding due to native aortic valve stenosis disappeared after AVR, and GI bleeding recurred due to bioprosthetic valve stenosis or patient-prosthesis mismatch.

Case presentation
An 80-year-old woman who was on hemodialysis for 13 years had undergone AVR with a bioprosthetic valve for aortic regurgitation 3 years prior. She was admitted with acute heart failure and anemia that required repeated blood transfusions. Capsule endoscopy revealed multiple active hemorrhages of the small intestine due to angiodysplasia. Echocardiography showed severe bioprosthetic valve stenosis in the aortic valve position as a result of structural valve deterioration (SVD). Because Heyde’s syndrome was strongly suspected even though gel electrophoresis analysis of von Willebrand factor multimers, the gold standard examination for the definitive diagnosis of Heyde’s syndrome, was not performed, a redo AVR with a new bioprosthetic valve was performed. After the second AVR, both the heart failure and anemia due to GI bleeding promptly improved.

Conclusions
Bioprosthetic valve stenosis due to SVD can bring GI bleeding just as in native aortic valve stenosis. Redo AVR is a promising treatment if the combination of GI bleeding and valve stenosis in the aortic valve position appears even after AVR.