bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct patterns of adult transport-related physical activity (TRPA) behaviour exist independent of the TRPA behaviours of childhood: the childhood determinants of adult health study
Authors: Evans Jack T. , Buscot Marie-Jeanne , Gall Seana , Dwyer Terence , Venn Alison , Cleland Verity 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Transport-related physical activity (TRPA) is recognised as a potential means of increasing total physical activity participation that may yield substantial health benefits. Public health campaigns focusing on promoting TRPA from a young age aim to develop life-long healthy habits. However, few studies have examined how TRPA changes across the lifecourse and whether childhood TRPA levels influence those observed later in life.

Methods
Using the Australian Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study (baseline, 1985), latent class growth mixture modelling with adjustment for time-varying covariates was performed using four timepoints (ranging from 7 to 49 years) to assess behavioural patterns and retention of TRPA across the lifecourse. As child and adult adjusted TRPA measures could not be harmonised, trajectories of adult TRPA (n = 702) were instead identified, and log-binomial regression analysis was performed to determine whether childhood levels of TRPA (high/medium/low) influenced these trajectories.

Results
Two stable groups of adult TRPA trajectories were identified: persistently low (n = 520; 74.2%), and increasingly high TRPA (n = 181; 25.8%). There was no significant relationship between childhood TRPA levels and patterns in adulthood (relative risk of high childhood TRPA yielding high adult TRPA trajectory membership = 1.06; 95% confidence interval = 0.95–1.09).

Conclusion
This study found childhood TRPA levels were not associated with TRPA patterns in adulthood. These findings suggest that while TRPA in childhood may have health, social, and environmental benefits, it does not appear to impact adult TRPA directly. Therefore, further intervention is required beyond childhood to promote the implementation of healthy TRPA behaviours into adulthood.
Reactive Bergmann glia play a central role in spinocerebellar ataxia inflammation via the JNK pathway
Authors: Edamakanti Chandrakanth Reddy , Mohan Vishwa , Opal Puneet 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are devastating neurological diseases characterized by progressive cerebellar incoordination. While neurons bear the brunt of the pathology, a growing body of evidence suggests that glial cells are also affected. It has, however, been difficult to understand the role of glia, given the diversity of subtypes, each with their individual contributions to neuronal health. Using human SCA autopsy samples we have discovered that Bergmann glia—the radial glia of the cerebellum, which form intimate functional connections with cerebellar Purkinje neurons—display inflammatory JNK-dependent c-Jun phosphorylation. This phosphorylation defines a signaling pathway not observed in other activated glial populations, providing an opportunity to isolate the role of Bergmann glia in SCA inflammation. Turning to an SCA1 mouse model as a paradigmatic SCA, we demonstrate that inhibiting the JNK pathway reduces Bergmann glia inflammation accompanied by improvements in the SCA1 phenotype both behaviorally and pathologically. These findings demonstrate the causal role for Bergmann glia inflammation in SCA1 and point to a novel therapeutic strategy that could span several ataxic syndromes where Bergmann glia inflammation is a major feature.
Correlation between the VExUS score and right atrial pressure: a pilot prospective observational study
Authors: Longino August , Martin Katharine , Leyba Katarina , Siegel Gabriel , Gill Edward , Douglas Ivor S. , Burke Joseph 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVenous congestion is an under-recognized contributor to mortality in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, venous congestion is difficult to measure, and right heart catheterization (RHC) has been considered the most readily available means for measuring venous filling pressure. Recently, a novel “Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS)” score was developed to noninvasively quantify venous congestion using inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and Doppler flow through the hepatic, portal, and renal veins. A preliminary retrospective study of post-cardiac surgery patients showed promising results, including a high positive-likelihood ratio of high VExUS grade for acute kidney injury. However, studies have not been reported in broader patient populations, and the relationship between VExUS and conventional measures of venous congestion is unknown. To address these gaps, we prospectively assessed the correlation of VExUS with right atrial pressure (RAP), with comparison to inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter. Patients undergoing RHC at Denver Health Medical Center underwent VExUS examination before their procedure. VExUS grades were assigned before RHC, blinding ultrasonographers to RHC outcomes. After controlling for age, sex, and common comorbidities, we observed a significant positive association between RAP and VExUS grade (P < 0.001, R2 = .68). VExUS had a favorable AUC for prediction of a RAP ≥ 12 mmHg (0.99, 95% CI 0.96–1) compared to IVC diameter (0.79, 95% CI 0.65–0.92). These results suggest a strong correlation between VExUS and RAP in a diverse patient population, and support future studies of VExUS as a tool to assess venous congestion and guide management in a spectrum of critical illnesses.
Variation in central venous oxygen saturation to evaluate fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pan Jianneng , Sun Yuxiang , Xu Zhaojun , Dong Pingping , Zhou Xiaoyang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Since oxygen content and oxygen consumption typically remain unchanged within a short period, variation in central venous oxygen saturation (ΔScvO2) during fluid challenge can theoretically track the changes in cardiac output (CO). We conducted this meta-analysis to systematically assess the diagnostic performance of ΔScvO2 during a fluid challenge for fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients receiving volume expansion.

Methods
Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies published before October 24, 2022. As the cutoff value of ΔScvO2 was expected to vary across the included studies, we estimated the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curve (AUHSROC) as the primary measure of diagnostic accuracy. The optimal threshold of ΔScvO2 and the corresponding 95% confidential interval (CI) were also estimated.

Results
This meta-analysis included 5 observational studies comprising 240 participants, of whom 133 (55%) were fluid responders. Overall, the ΔScvO2 during the fluid challenge exhibited excellent performance for defining fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients receiving volume expansion, with an AUHSROC of 0.86 (95% CI 0.83–0.89), a pooled sensitivity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.85), a pooled specificity of 0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.91), and a pooled diagnostic odds ratio of 17.7 (95% CI 5.9–53.2). The distribution of the cutoff values was nearly conically symmetrical and concentered between 3 and 5%; the mean and median cutoff values were 4% (95% CI 3–5%) and 4% (95% CI not estimable), respectively.

Conclusions
In mechanically ventilated patients receiving volume expansion, the ΔScvO2 during the fluid challenge is a reliable indicator of fluid responsiveness.
Clinical trial registration PROSPERO, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, registry number: CRD42022370192.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Nigerians: evidence from a cross-sectional national survey
Authors: Ojo Temitope Olumuyiwa , Ojo Ayodeji Oluwole , Ojo Olajumoke Elizabeth , Akinwalere Bosede Olufunmilayo , Akinwumi Adebowale Femi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 ranks as one of the largest public health threats in recent times. It is associated with huge health, economic and social consequences. Although vaccination is an effective control measure, COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been suboptimal in many low/middle income countries. Hence this study assessed the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Nigerian households.

Data and methods
This study analyzed secondary data from the COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey of Households that was collected by the National Bureau of Statistics between November 2021 and January 2022. Relevant data were analyzed using descriptive statistical tools and the Multivariate Regression model.

Results
Out of 2370 respondents, only 32.8% of the respondents were vaccinated against COVID-19. Respondents living in urban areas (34.4%) had a higher level of COVID-19 vaccine uptake relative to those living in rural Nigeria (30.9%). Results from the Multivariate Regression model revealed that adults aged ≥ 60 years (OR 2.20; p = 0.012), respondents with primary (OR 1.72; p = 0.032), secondary (OR 1.77; p = 0.025) and tertiary education (OR 3.03; p < 0.001), respondents with access to health insurance (OR 1.68; p = 0.004), those who obtained vaccine information from health workers (OR 3.92; p < 0.001), the government (OR 3.22; p < 0.001), and the mass media (OR 1.75; p = 0.003) were more likely to be vaccinated. Also, respondents living in North Central (OR 2.02; p < 0.001), North East (OR 1.48; p = 0.039), South West (OR 2.63; p < 0.001), and South South (OR 1.49; p = 0.031) regions had higher odds of being vaccinated.

Conclusions
The study recommends increased media campaigns and advocacy for COVID-19 vaccination in the South East and North West regions. Persons with no formal education and younger persons aged 18–29 years should be targeted with COVID-19 vaccine-related information given that they were less likely to be vaccinated. Dissemination of relevant information through government sources, mass media and health workers is encouraged so as to positively influence decisions to receive COVID-19 vaccines among citizens.
The psychological and social impact of the digital self-support system ‘Brain in Hand’ on autistic people: prospective cohort study in England and Wales
Authors: Tromans Samuel , Henley William , Summers Ian , Bilkey Danielle , Datson Jenna , Doherty Nicola , Morpeth Louise , Benbow Sarah , Jelbert Rebecca , Roy Ashok , Watkins Lance , Perera Bhathika , Shazad Saman , Pender Richard , Alexander Regi , Laugharne Richard , Shankar Rohit 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundBrain in Hand (BIH) is a UK-based digital self-support system for managing anxiety and social functioning.AimsTo identify the impact of BIH on the psychological and social functioning of adults with autism.MethodAdults with diagnosed or suspected DSM-5 (level 1) autism, identified by seven NHS autism services in England and Wales, were recruited for a 12-week prospective mixed-methods cohort study. The primary quantitative outcome measures were the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HONOS-LD) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Fisher's exact test explored sociodemographic associations. Pairedt-test was utilised for pre–post analysis of overall effectiveness of BIH. Multivariable linear regression models, univariable pre–post analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, logistic regression analysis, Bonferroni correction and normative analysis were used to give confidence in changes identified. A thematic analysis of semi-structured exist interviews following Braun and Clarke's six-step process of 10% of participants who completed the study was undertaken.ResultsSixty-six of 99 participants completed the study. There was significant reduction in mean HONOS-LD scores, with 0.65 s.d. decrease in those who used BIH for 12 weeks. Significant positive changes were identified in HONOS-LD subdomains of ‘self-injurious behaviours’, ‘memory and orientation’, ‘communication problems in understanding’, ‘occupation and activities’ and ‘problems with relationship’. A significant reduction in the anxiety, but not depression, component of the HADS scores was identified. Thematic analysis showed high confidence in BIH.ConclusionsBIH improved anxiety and other clinical, social and functioning outcomes of adults with autism.
Association of Emotional Exhaustion With Career Burnout Among Early-Career Medical Oncologists: A Single-Institution Study
Authors: Singh Anmol P. , Xiao Lianchun , O'Brien Barbara J. , Blondeau Claire E. , Flowers Christopher R. , Bruera Eduardo , Morris Van K. , Shah Amishi Y. 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Burnout is a psychological occupational syndrome defined by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a low sense of personal accomplishment. We sought to characterize the prevalence of burnout among early-career medical oncologists at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC). METHODS For this institutional review board–approved study, an electronic survey was developed for Assistant Professors in the MDACC Division of Cancer Medicine. All participants were involved directly in patient care. Our survey included questions assessing self-reported burnout, nine questions validated in the abbreviated MBI, and 31 questions to assess potential contributors to burnout. Each question was scaled 1-5, with higher scores associated with higher burnout. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the prevalence of burnout, and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify contributing factors. RESULTS Among 86 Assistant Professors, 56 (65%) responded to the survey. The mean duration on faculty was 3.1 years. The mean clinical effort was 67% (range, 19-95). Fifty-four percent of respondents self-reported symptoms of burnout including 21% indicating severe burnout. Using the MBI, sentiments of being emotionally drained (54%), fatigued facing another day on the job (45%), and becoming more callous (30%) were especially notable. Twenty-five percent of respondents exhibited severe emotional exhaustion, which was more prevalent ( P < .0001) than depersonalization (6%) or lack of personal accomplishment (17%). CONCLUSION Burnout exists with high prevalence among early-career medical oncologists, with emotional exhaustion being the most common manifestation of burnout. Interventions focusing on reducing emotional exhaustion are needed to reduce burnout among early-career medical oncologists.
In the Wake of Disaster: Black Women's Innovative Poetics
Authors: Lam Joshua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis is a review essay of Letters to the Future: Black WOMEN / Radical WRITING (2018), an anthology of innovative and cross-genre writing produced primarily in the twenty-first century. Edited by the poets and essayists Erica Hunt and Dawn Lundy Martin, the book collects poetry and prose by thirty-five Black women, particularly poets, including LaTasha N. Nevada Diggs, Duriel E. Harris, Robin Coste Lewis, Harryette Mullen, Akilah Oliver, M. NourbeSe Philip, Claudia Rankine, and Evie Shockley, as well as artists such as Adrian Piper and Kara Walker. The essay first assesses the framing and organization of the book in terms of its professed radicalism—a term that encompasses formal innovation and radical politics while eliding the differences between them. This portion of the essay contextualizes the book by examining its relationship to recent scholarship on race and poetry in general and innovative Black poetry in particular. The essay then turns to a major through line of the anthology, in which many writers consider Black futures by revisiting historical archives and imaginaries. Drawing on a lineage of Black feminist thinkers, Joshua Lam uses Christina Sharpe's concept of “wake work” from In the Wake: On Blackness and Being (2016) to examine how these writers engage with the language of disaster, from the legacy of slavery and its afterlives to quotidian contemporary manifestations of anti-Blackness. Navigating between what Saidiya Hartman calls “the violence of abstraction” and what Phillip Brian Harper calls “abstractionist aesthetics,” Lam argues that the writings most successful in imagining Black futures are those that, paradoxically, turn to the past: works that explore how the creation and curation of the past (in museums, memorials, historical documents) establishes the limitations of the present.
Quantitative Analysis of Parenchymal Effects and Flow of Large Arteriovenous Malformations Managed With Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Authors: Alzate Juan Diego , Mashiach Elad , Bernstein Kenneth , De Nigris Vasconcellos Fernando , Qu Tanxia , Silverman Joshua S. , Shapiro Maksim , Nelson Peter K. , Raz Eytan , Riina Howard A. , Kondziolka Douglas 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of larger arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is associated with an elevated incidence of adverse radiation effects (ARE). To date, volume–response and dose–response models have been used to predict such effects. To understand radiological outcomes and their hemodynamic effects on the regional brain.METHODS:A retrospective analysis was conducted at our institution using a prospective registry of patients managed between 2014 and 2020. We included patients with AVM with a nidus larger than 5 cc who received either single-session or volume-staged Gamma Knife radiosurgery. AVM volume changes, volumes of parenchymal response, and obliteration were analyzed and correlated with transit times and diameters of feeding arteries and draining veins.RESULTS:Sixteen patients underwent single-session SRS, and 9 patients underwent volume-staged SRS. The average AVM volume was 12.6 cc (5.5-23). The AVM locations were predominantly lobar (80%) and 17 (68%) were in critical locations. The mean margin dose was 17.2 Gy (15-21), and the median V12Gy was 25.5 cc. Fourteen (56%) AVMs had a transit time shorter than 1 second. The median vein-artery ratio (sum diameter of the veins/sum diameter of feeding arteries) was 1.63 (range, 0.60-4.19). Asymptomatic parenchymal effects were detected in 13 (52%) patients and were symptomatic in 4 (16%) patients. The median time to ARE was 12 months (95% CI 7.6-16.4). On univariate analysis, significant predictors of ARE were lower vein-artery ratio (P= .024), longer transit time (P= .05), higher mean dose (P= .028), and higher D95 (P= .036).CONCLUSIONTransit times and vessel diameters are valuable predictors of the subsequent parenchymal response after SRS. A more quantitative understanding of blood flow is critical for predicting the effects on the regional brain after AVM radiosurgery.
Optogenetically engineered Ca2+ oscillation-mediated DRP1 activation promotes mitochondrial fission and cell death
Authors: Lai Yi-Shyun , Chang Cheng-Chi , Chen Yong-Yi , Nguyen Thi My Hang , Xu Jixuan , Chen Ying-Chi , Chang Yu-Fen , Wang Chia-Yih , Chen Pai-Sheng , Lin Shih-Chieh , Peng I-Chen , Tsai Shaw-Jenq , Chiu Wen-Tai 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial dynamics regulate the quality and morphology of mitochondria. Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial function. Here, we investigated the effects of optogenetically engineered Ca2+ signaling on mitochondrial dynamics. More specifically, customized illumination conditions could trigger unique Ca2+ oscillation waves to trigger specific signaling pathways. In this study, we found that modulating Ca2+ oscillations by increasing the light frequency, intensity and exposure time could drive mitochondria toward the fission state, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy and cell death. Moreover, illumination triggered phosphorylation at the Ser616 residue but not the Ser637 residue of the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1, encoded by DNM1L), via the activation of Ca2+-dependent kinases CaMKII, ERK and CDK1. However, optogenetically engineered Ca2+ signaling did not activate calcineurin phosphatase to dephosphorylate DRP1 at Ser637. In addition, light illumination had no effect on the expression levels of the mitochondrial fusion proteins mitofusin 1 (MFN1) and 2 (MFN2). Overall, this study provides an effective and innovative approach to altering Ca2+ signaling for controlling mitochondrial fission with a more precise resolution than pharmacological approaches in the temporal dimension.
Data-Driven Distributionally Robust Optimization over Time
Authors: Aigner Kevin-Martin , Bärmann Andreas , Braun Kristin , Liers Frauke , Pokutta Sebastian , Schneider Oskar , Sharma Kartikey , Tschuppik Sebastian 
Published: May 2023

Stochastic optimization (SO) is a classical approach for optimization under uncertainty that typically requires knowledge about the probability distribution of uncertain parameters. Because the latter is often unknown, distributionally robust optimization (DRO) provides a strong alternative that determines the best guaranteed solution over a set of distributions (ambiguity set). In this work, we present an approach for DRO over time that uses online learning and scenario observations arriving as a data stream to learn more about the uncertainty. Our robust solutions adapt over time and reduce the cost of protection with shrinking ambiguity. For various kinds of ambiguity sets, the robust solutions converge to the SO solution. Our algorithm achieves the optimization and learning goals without solving the DRO problem exactly at any step. We also provide a regret bound for the quality of the online strategy that converges at a rate of [Formula: see text], where T is the number of iterations. Furthermore, we illustrate the effectiveness of our procedure by numerical experiments on mixed-integer optimization instances from popular benchmark libraries and give practical examples stemming from telecommunications and routing. Our algorithm is able to solve the DRO over time problem significantly faster than standard reformulations. Funding: This work was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): Projects B06 and B10 in CRC TRR 154 and Project-ID 416229255 - SFB 1411 and Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy, Germany [Grant 03EI1036A]. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijoo.2023.0091 .
Acquisitions and Corporate Purpose
Authors: Gartenberg Claudine , Yiu Shun 
Published: May 2023

Purpose is undergoing a resurgence of interest across research and practice. Yet, we know little about how it relates to strategy and specifically, how strategic actions reinforce or undermine purpose in organizations. This study explores this question in the context of acquisitions. We examine 831 transactions using data from approximately 1.7 million employees to construct our measure of purpose. We find that, on average, employees’ sense of purpose drops after acquisitions. This drop is particularly pronounced among firms that undertake unique acquisitions: those involving unusual industry combinations. This relationship suggests a possible tension between strategic and motivational consequences of boundary changes. Firms may benefit strategically from these changes, particularly those that enable expansion into unique areas. These same actions, however, may also erode the purpose of the organization, with consequences for downstream performance. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2023.0193 .