bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reporting of Observational Studies Explicitly Aiming to Emulate Randomized Trials
Authors: Hansford Harrison J. , Cashin Aidan G. , Jones Matthew D. , Swanson Sonja A. , Islam Nazrul , Douglas Susan R. G. , Rizzo Rodrigo R. N. , Devonshire Jack J. , Williams Sam A. , Dahabreh Issa J. , Dickerman Barbra A. , Egger Matthias , Garcia-Albeniz Xabier , Golub Robert M. , Lodi Sara , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Sterne Jonathan A. C. , Sharp Melissa K. , Stuart Elizabeth A. , Hernán Miguel A. , Lee Hopin , McAuley James H. 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceObservational (nonexperimental) studies that aim to emulate a randomized trial (ie, the target trial) are increasingly informing medical and policy decision-making, but it is unclear how these studies are reported in the literature. Consistent reporting is essential for quality appraisal, evidence synthesis, and translation of evidence to policy and practice.ObjectiveTo assess the reporting of observational studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial.Evidence ReviewWe searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for observational studies published between March 2012 and October 2022 that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial of a health or medical intervention. Two reviewers double-screened and -extracted data on study characteristics, key predefined components of the target trial protocol and its emulation (eligibility criteria, treatment strategies, treatment assignment, outcome[s], follow-up, causal contrast[s], and analysis plan), and other items related to the target trial emulation.FindingsA total of 200 studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial were included. These studies included 26 subfields of medicine, and 168 (84%) were published from January 2020 to October 2022. The aim to emulate a target trial was explicit in 70 study titles (35%). Forty-three studies (22%) reported use of a published reporting guideline (eg, Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology). Eighty-five studies (43%) did not describe all key items of how the target trial was emulated and 113 (57%) did not describe the protocol of the target trial and its emulation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of 200 studies that explicitly aimed to emulate a target trial, reporting of how the target trial was emulated was inconsistent. A reporting guideline for studies explicitly aiming to emulate a target trial may improve the reporting of the target trial protocols and other aspects of these emulation attempts.
Transition to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Following Emergency Department Visits Due to Substance Use With and Without Psychosis
Authors: Myran Daniel T. , Harrison Lyndsay D. , Pugliese Michael , Solmi Marco , Anderson Kelly K. , Fiedorowicz Jess G. , Perlman Christopher M. , Webber Colleen , Finkelstein Yaron , Tanuseputro Peter 
Published: September 2023

ImportanceEpisodes of substance-induced psychosis are associated with increased risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. However, there are limited data on the transition risk for substance use without psychosis.ObjectivesTo quantify the risk of transition to schizophrenia spectrum disorder following an incident emergency department (ED) visit for (1) substance-induced psychosis and (2) substance use without psychosis and to explore factors associated with transition.Design, Settings, and ParticipantsA population-based retrospective cohort study (January 2008 to March 2022) of all individuals, aged 14 to 65 years, in Ontario, Canada, with no history of a psychotic disorder. Individuals with incident ED visits for substance use with and without psychosis were compared with members of the general population.Main Outcomes and MeasuresTransition to schizophrenia spectrum disorder using a chart-validated algorithm. Associations between ED visits for substance use and subsequent transition were estimated using cause-specific hazard models.ResultsThe study included 9 844 497 individuals, aged 14 to 65 years (mean [SD] age, 40.2 [14.7] years; 50.2% female) without a history of psychosis. There were 407 737 individuals with an incident ED visit for substance use, of which 13 784 (3.4%) ED visits were for substance-induced psychosis. Individuals with substance-induced psychosis were at a 163-fold (age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 163.2; 95% CI, 156.1-170.5) increased risk of transitioning, relative to the general population (3-year risk, 18.5% vs 0.1%). Individuals with an ED visit for substance use without psychosis had a lower relative risk of transitioning (aHR, 9.8; 95% CI, 9.5-10.2; 3-year risk, 1.4%), but incurred more than 3 times the absolute number of transitions (9969 vs 3029). Cannabis use had the highest transition risk among visits with psychosis (aHR, 241.6; 95% CI, 225.5-258.9) and the third-highest risk among visits without psychosis (aHR, 14.3; 95% CI, 13.5-15.2). Younger age and male sex were associated with a higher risk of transition, and the risk of male sex was greater in younger compared with older individuals, particularly for cannabis use.Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that ED visits for substance use were associated with an increased risk of developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Although substance-induced psychoses had a greater relative transition risk, substance use without psychosis was far more prevalent and resulted in a greater absolute number of transitions. Several factors were associated with higher transition risk, with implications for counseling and early intervention.
Workplace stressors and their association with hair cortisol concentrations among ready-made garment workers in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dreher Annegret , Yusuf Rita , Ashraf Hasan , Ahmed Syed A K Shifat , Gao Wei , Strümpell Christian , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Psychosocial working conditions of ready-made garment (RMG) workers have been associated with poorer self-reported health outcomes. However, no such research has been done with respect to physiological markers that are considered to reflect stress. We consequently aimed to investigate associations of psychosocial working conditions with such a marker, that is, hair cortisol, among RMG workers in Bangladesh.

Methods
We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews in labor colonies in the Mirpur area, Dhaka, Bangladesh, in February and March 2021 with individuals identifying as garment workers. The interview inquired after various workplace stressors and resources (i.e., workplace support, workplace bullying, vertical trust, beneficial leadership, work–family conflict, and financial issues including savings, debts, financial obligations, and financial support). In addition, hair samples of 2 cm length were collected from participants. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) were determined based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Linear regression models were run to detect possible associations of workplace stressors and resources with HCC.

Results
In total, data of 576 participants were included in the analysis (71.9% female, mean age = 25.9 years). Mean HCC was 4.4 pg/mg (standard deviation = 2.1 pg/mg). The sole variable significantly associated with increased HCC was “having to keep your job to support your children or spouse financially” (β = 0.28 [95% confidence interval 0.02–0.55]).

Conclusions
The sole workplace stressor significantly associated with increased HCC was the necessity to keep one’s job to support children or spouse financially. This observation can, however, barely be disentangled from the fact that one has children/a spouse.
Interfacial Pyro‐Phototronic Effect: A Universal Approach for Enhancement of Self‐Powered Photodetection Based on Perovskites with Centrosymmetry
Authors: Guo Linjuan , Wang Huan , Xu Ziqing , Cong Ridong , Zhao Lei , Zhang Suheng , Zhang Kai , Gao Linjie , Wang Shufang , Pan Caofeng , Yang Zheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUtilizing the pyro‐phototronic effect presents a potent approach to augment the efficacy of self‐powered photodetectors (PDs) that rely on metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Nevertheless, the pyro‐phototronic effect has thus far been restricted to perovskites possessing a non‐centrosymmetric crystal structure, limiting their scope of application. This study introduces a universal interfacial pyro‐phototronic effect (IPPE) strategy to MHP single crystals with centrosymmetry. The utilization of heterojunctions or Schottky junctions has resulted in the observation of typical four‐stage photoresponses with rapid speed, thereby significantly enhancing the performance of self‐powered PDs and expanding the spectral response range. The contact conditions, such as the choice of metals and surface smoothness, have an important impact on IPPE. The IPPE approach is a versatile technique that can be employed to fabricate self‐powered PDs based on diverse 3D and 2D perovskites. This study broadens the utilization of the pyro‐phototronic phenomenon in centrosymmetric perovskites, which offer advantages in producing optoelectronic devices with superior performance.
Advancements in Prelithiation Technology: Transforming Batteries from Li‐Shortage to Li‐Rich Systems
Authors: Zhong Wei , Zeng Ziqi , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe sufficient and reversible active lithium is the cornerstone for the operation of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. However, active lithium is inevitably depleted due to the formation of a solid electrolyte and the presence of irreversible side reactions. The shortage of lithium in optimally designed batteries not only leads to a depreciation of energy density but also deteriorates the electrode structure resulting in degradation of cycle life. Inspiringly, prelithiation technology that additionally compensates for lithium has been proposed and is playing an increasingly significant role in enhancing battery energy density and prolonging cycle life. Herein, guided by the factors that initiate lithium loss, the action mechanism and the effectiveness of prelithiation are scrutinized. Moreover, the emerging advanced prelithiation technologies based on anode/cathode materials, the key barriers, and the applicability at scale are systematically summarized and compared. Integrating the challenges and development trends aspires to provide a comprehensive prelithiated hybrid lithium replenishment and storage technology as a reference in the scale‐up of prelithiation technologies.
Bio‐Inspired Cholesteric Phase Cellulose Composite with Thermochromic and Circularly Polarized Structural Color for Multilevel Encryption
Authors: Wen Xiaoxiang , Zhang Jinxia , Li Jianing , Li Yue , Shi Yuchen , Lu Xuegang , Yang Sen , Yu Jing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe escalating need for enhanced cryptographic security necessitates the development of advanced materials designed for the secure storage and transmission of information. Drawing inspiration from the unique color‐altering and polarizing capabilities of beetles, this work develops a transparent, thermochromic, and circularly polarized cholesteric phase cellulose composite (CPCC). This is achieved by integrating self‐assembled hydroxypropyl cellulose with cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) structure in tandem with a crosslinked poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) network. The crosslinking density impacts the response degree of thermochromism, which can be regulated by modifying the UV exposure time during PNIPAM production. The CLC structure in CPCC uniquely results in reflected right circularly polarized light. When coupled with waveplates, this mechanism inverts the rotation direction of the reflected light, creating orthogonal structural colors of different brightness levels under left and right circularly polarized light. The excellent transparency of CPCC facilitates seamless integration with the environment, offering optimal camouflage. Sophisticated techniques, such as color coding and Morse coding, can further be incorporated within the CPCC to increase encryption security and the complexity of decryption. Collectively, the CPCC's transparency, thermochromism, and chirality present significant potential in the design and development of materials for high‐security information encryption, contributing valuable insights to the field.
Transparent Recombination Electrode with Dual‐Functional Transport and Protective Layer for Efficient and Stable Monolithic Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Zongwen , Dong Yiman , Wang Ruyue , Xu Zhiyang , Li Minghua , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRational selection and design of recombination electrodes (RCEs) are crucial to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of monolithic tandem solar cells (TSCs). Sputtered indium tin oxide (ITO) with high conductivity and excellent transmittance is introduced as RCE in perovskite/organic TSCs. To prevent high‐energy ITO particles destroy the underlying material during sputtering, dual‐functional transport and protective layer (C1) is employed. The styryl group in C1 can be thermally crosslinked to serve as a sputtering protective layer. Meanwhile, the conjugated phenanthroline skeleton in C1 shows high electron mobility and hole blocking capability to promote the electron transport process at the interfaces and effectively reduce charge accumulation. Monolithic perovskite/organic TSC with high PCE of 24.07% and excellent stability is demonstrated by stacking a 1.77 eV bandgap perovskite layer and a 1.35 eV bandgap organic active layer. This strategy provides new insights for overcoming the fundamental efficiency limits of single‐junction devices and promotes the further development of TSC devices.
The Lipid Metabolism as Target and Modulator of BOLD‐100 Anticancer Activity: Crosstalk with Histone Acetylation
Authors: Baier Dina , Mendrina Theresa , Schoenhacker‐Alte Beatrix , Pirker Christine , Mohr Thomas , Rusz Mate , Regner Benedict , Schaier Martin , Sgarioto Nicolas , Raynal Noël J.‐M. , Nowikovsky Karin , Schmidt Wolfgang M. , Heffeter Petra , Meier‐Menches Samuel M. , Koellensperger Gunda , Keppler Bernhard K. , Berger Walter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe leading first‐in‐class ruthenium‐complex BOLD‐100 currently undergoes clinical phase‐II anticancer evaluation. Recently, BOLD‐100 is identified as anti‐Warburg compound. The present study shows that also deregulated lipid metabolism parameters characterize acquired BOLD‐100‐resistant colon and pancreatic carcinoma cells. Acute BOLD‐100 treatment reduces lipid droplet contents of BOLD‐100‐sensitive but not ‐resistant cells. Despite enhanced glycolysis fueling lipid accumulation, BOLD‐100‐resistant cells reveal diminished lactate secretion based on monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) loss mediated by a frame‐shift mutation in the MCT1 chaperone basigin. Glycolysis and lipid catabolism converge in the production of protein/histone acetylation substrate acetyl‐coenzymeA (CoA). Mass spectrometric and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses uncover spontaneous cell‐free BOLD‐100‐CoA adduct formation suggesting acetyl‐CoA depletion as mechanism bridging BOLD‐100‐induced lipid metabolism alterations and histone acetylation‐mediated gene expression deregulation. Indeed, BOLD‐100 treatment decreases histone acetylation selectively in sensitive cells. Pharmacological targeting confirms histone de‐acetylation as central mode‐of‐action of BOLD‐100 and metabolic programs stabilizing histone acetylation as relevant Achilles’ heel of acquired BOLD‐100‐resistant cell and xenograft models. Accordingly, histone gene expression changes also predict intrinsic BOLD‐100 responsiveness. Summarizing, BOLD‐100 is identified as epigenetically active substance acting via targeting several onco‐metabolic pathways. Identification of the lipid metabolism as driver of acquired BOLD‐100 resistance opens novel strategies to tackle therapy failure.
Stabilized O3‐Type Layered Sodium Oxides with Enhanced Rate Performance and Cycling Stability by Dual‐Site Ti4+/K+ Substitution
Authors: Wu Lin‐Rong , Zhang Yu‐Han , Wu Zhen , Tian Jinlv , Wang Haorui , Zhao Haijun , Xu Shoudong , Chen Liang , Duan Xiaochuan , Zhang Ding , Guo Huijuan , You Ya , Zhu Zhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHigh‐capacity O3‐type layered sodium oxides are considered one of the most promising cathode materials for the next generation of Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). However, these cathodes usually suffer from low high‐rate capacity and poor cycling stability due to structure deformation, native air sensitivity, and interfacial side reactions. Herein, a multi‐site substituted strategy is employed to enhance the stability of O3‐type NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2. Simulations indicate that the Ti substitution decreases the charge density of Ni ions and improves the antioxidative capability of the material. In addition, the synergistic effect of K+ and Ti4+ significantly reduces the formation energy of Na+ vacancy and delivers an ultra‐low lattice strain during the repeated Na+ extraction/insertion. In situ characterizations verify that the complicated phase transformation is mitigated during the charge/discharge process, resulting in greatly improved structure stability. The co‐substituted cathode delivers a high‐rate capacity of 97 mAh g−1 at 5 C and excellent capacity retention of 81% after 400 cycles at 0.5 C. The full cell paired with commercial hard carbon anode also exhibits high capacity and long cycling life. This dual‐ion substitution strategy will provide a universal approach for the new rational design of high‐capacity cathode materials for NIBs.
Electronic Asymmetry Engineering of Fe–N–C Electrocatalyst via Adjacent Carbon Vacancy for Boosting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tu Huanlu , Zhang Haixia , Song Yanhui , Liu Peizhi , Hou Ying , Xu Bingshe , Liao Ting , Guo Junjie , Sun Ziqi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle‐atomic transition metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) structures are promising alternatives toward noble‐metal‐based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysis involved in sustainable energy devices. The symmetrical electronic density distribution of the M─N4 moieties, however, leads to unfavorable intermediate adsorption and sluggish kinetics. Herein, a Fe–N–C catalyst with electronic asymmetry induced by one nearest carbon vacancy adjacent to Fe─N4 is conceptually produced, which induces an optimized d‐band center, lowered free energy barrier, and thus superior ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.934 V in a challenging acidic solution and 0.901 V in an alkaline solution. When assembled as the cathode of a Zinc–air battery (ZAB), a peak power density of 218 mW cm−2 and long‐term durability up to 200 h are recorded, 1.5 times higher than the noble metal‐based Pt/C+RuO2 catalyst. This work provides a new strategy on developing efficient M–N–C catalysts and offers an opportunity for the real‐world application of fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Elastomeric half‐mask respirator disinfection practices among healthcare personnel
Authors: Hines Stella E. , Thurman Paul , Zhuang Eileen , Chen Hegang , McDiarmid Melissa , Chalikonda Sricharan , Angelilli Sara , Waltenbaugh Hope , Napoli Meghan , Haas Emily , McClain Caitlin , Sietsema Margaret , Fernando Rohan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDisposable N95 respirator shortages during the COVID‐19 and 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemics highlighted the need for reusable alternatives, such as elastomeric half‐mask respirators (EHMRs). Two US medical organizations deployed reusable EHMRs during the COVID‐19 response. In addition to wipe‐based disinfection following patient care episodes expected per local policies at both organizations, postshift centralized cleaning and disinfection (C&D) was expected at one site (A), permitting shared‐pool EHMR use, and optional at the other (Site B), where EHMRs were issued to individuals. Using a survey, we evaluated disinfection practices reported by EHMR users and predictors of disinfection behaviors and perceptions.MethodsSurveys assessed EHMR disinfection practices, occupational characteristics, EHMR use frequency, training, and individual‐issue versus shared‐pool EHMR use.ResultsOf 1080 EHMR users completing the survey, 76% reported that they disinfect the EHMR after each patient encounter, which was the expected practice at both sites. Increasing EHMR use, recall of disinfection training, and work in intensive care or emergency settings significantly influenced higher reporting of this practice. 36% of respondents reported using centralized C&D, although reporting was higher at the site (A) where this was expected (53%). Confidence in cleanliness of the EHMR following centralized C&D was not influenced by individual versus shared‐pool EHMR issue.ConclusionsMost EHMR users reported adherence with expected post‐care individual‐based disinfection of EHMRs but did not necessarily use standardized, centralized C&D. Future efforts to limit reliance on behavior related to respirator disinfection may improve EHMR implementation in healthcare to avert dependence on single‐use, disposable N95 respirators.
LC‐MS/MS and GC‐MS profiling, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antiproliferative activities of Thymus leucostomus Hausskn. & Velen. extracts
Authors: Fayez Shaimaa , Fahmy Nouran M. , Zengin Gokhan , Yagi Sakina , Uba Abdullahi Ibrahim , Eldahshan Omayma A. , Koyuncu Ismail , Temiz Ebru , Dall'Acqua Stefano , Sut Stefania , Selvi Selami 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe chemical composition as well as antioxidant, antiproliferative, and enzyme inhibition activities of extracts from aerial parts of Thymus leucostomus H
ausskn. & V
elen. obtained with hexane, methanol, and water were evaluated. Results showed that the methanol extract had significantly (p < 0.05) the highest total phenolic content (TPC; 107.80 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids content (TFC; 25.21 mg RE/g) followed by the aqueous extract (102.72 mg GAE/g and 20.88 mg RE/g, respectively). LC‐MS/MS‐guided profiling of the three extracts revealed that rosmarinic acid (34.8%), hesperetin (42.9%), and linoleic acid (18%) were the dominant compounds in the methanol, aqueous and hexane extracts, respectively. GC‐MS analysis of the hexane extract showed that ɣ‐sitosterol (29.9%) was the major constituent. The methanol extract displayed significantly (p < 0.05) the highest Cu++, Fe+++, and Mo(VI) ions scavenging and reducing properties while the aqueous extract exerted significantly (p < 0.05) the highest metal chelating power (42.51 mg EDTAE/g). Both the hexane and methanol extracts effectively inhibited the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (2.63 and 2.65 mg GALAE/g, respectively) while the former extract exerted significantly (p < 0.05) the highest butyrylcholinesterase (2.32 mg GALAE/g), tyrosinase (19.73 mg KAE/g), and amylase (1.16 mmol ACAE/g) inhibition capacity. The aqueous extract exhibited the best glucosidase inhibition property (0.49 mmol ACAE/g). The methanol and hexane extracts exerted a higher cytotoxic effect on HT‐29 (IC50: 8.12 µg/mL) and HeLa (IC50 = 8.08 µg/mL) cells, respectively. In conclusion, these results provide valuable insight into the potential use of T. leucostomus bioactive extracts in different pharmaceutical applications.