bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat treated graphene thin films for reduced void content of interlaminar enhanced CF/PEEK composites
Authors: Leow Christopher , Kreider Peter B. , Sommacal Silvano , Notthoff Christian , Kluth Patrick , Compston Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGraphene enhanced thermoplastic composites offer the possibility of conductive aerospace structures suitable for applications from electrostatic dissipation, to lightning strike protection and heat dissipation. Spray deposition of liquid phase exfoliated (LPE) aqueous graphene suspensions are highly scalable rapid manufacturing methods suitable to automated manufacturing processes. The effects of residual surfactant and water from LPE on thin films for interlaminar prepreg composite enhancement remain unknown. This work investigates the effect of heat treatment on graphene thin films spray deposited onto carbon fibre/polyether ether ketone (CF/PEEK) composites for reduced void content. Graphene thin films deposited onto CF/PEEK prepreg tapes had an RMS roughness of 1.99 μm and an average contact angle of 11°. After heat treatment the roughness increased to 2.52 μm with an average contact angle of 82°. The SEM images, contact angle, and surface roughness measurements correlated suggesting successful removal of excess surfactant and moisture with heat treatment. Raman spectroscopy was used to characterise the chemical quality of the consolidated graphene interlayer. Spectral data concluded the graphene was 3–4 layered with predominantly edge defects suggesting high quality graphene suitable for electrical enhancement. Conductive-AFM measurements observed an increase in conductive network density in the interlaminar region after the removal of surfactant from the thin film. Heat treatment of the Control sample successfully reduced void content from 4.2 vol% to 0.4 vol%, resulting in a 149% increase in compressive shear strength. Comparatively, heat treatment of graphene enhanced samples (~ 1 wt%) reduced void content from 5.1 vol% to 2.8 vol%. Although a 25% reduction in shear strength was measured, the improved electrical conductivity of the interlaminar region extends the potential applications of fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites. The heat treatment process proves effective in reducing surfactant and thus void content while improving electrical conductivity of the interlayer in a scalable manner. Further investigations into graphene loading effects on conductive enhancement, and void formation is needed.
Radiological findings of mucormycosis rhinosinusitis among Indian COVID-19 patients during the pandemic second wave
Authors: Manuel Roger Anthony , George Arun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Sinonasal mucormycosis is a quickly progressing and lethal fungal disease which showed an increased incidence in COVID-19 patients in the Indian population during the second wave of the pandemic. The objective of this study was to study the various sinus areas affected and the imaging findings of the disease.

Methods
The imaging records of patients with sinonasal mucormycosis during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were reviewed and analysed for whom computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images had been performed.

Results
Of the 65 patients, 6.1% had single sinus involvement, and 93.9% had multiple sinus involvement, and out of latter, 91.8% had bilateral sinuses affected by the disease process. A total of 49.2% patients with sinus involvement had erosions of the sinus walls. A total of 35.4% patients had only sinonasal mucormycosis, 38.5% patients had rhino-orbital mucormycosis, 4.6% patients had rhino-cerebral mucormycosis and 16.9% patients had rhino-orbitocerebral mucormycosis. The pterygopalatine fossa was affected in 26.2% patients. A total of 9.2% patients had cavernous sinus thrombosis. A total of 12% of the cases had infarction in the cerebral hemispheres.

Conclusion
In a setting of sinonasal mucormycosis, especially in the immuno-compromised and with those infected with COVID-19, cross-sectional imaging can assess the presence and extent of the disease and helps plan its medical and surgical management.
Parameter optimization in the enhancement of MRR of titanium alloy using newer mixing method in PMEDM process
Authors: Shiek Jeavudeen , Sairam Jana , Mouda Pervaz Ahmed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe addition of powders in electrical discharge machining (EDM) reduces the breakdown strength of the liquid dielectric, thereby enhancing the occurrence of early spark, and aids in machinability. Challenges occur in the sustainability of the powder mixed electrical discharge machining (PMEDM) process in terms of homogeneity of the powder-dielectric mixture and adverse effects of these powders on the impellor of the pump, maintaining the concentration of the powder–dielectric mixture for a wide range of powders at varied size. In this investigation, an attempt is made to address these challenges and limitations in performing PMEDM process by developing a newer mixing method for PMEDM. The Taguchi L18 orthogonal array has been selected to study the material removal rate (MRR) of titanium grade 5 alloy. Gap current, duty factor, pressure of the powder mixed dielectric fluid, type of powder, and concentration of the powders have been considered as the process variables. The results found to be satisfying with increase in MRR. The confirmation experiments indicate considerable increase in MRR. This newer system is capable of performing sustainable manufacturing method irrespective of the nature of the powder and the particle size of the additive powders, that are permissible in the inter-electrode gap as it restricts the size of the powder, added in the PMEDM process.
Rare complication: refractory hypertension and intermittent claudication caused by elephant trunk entrapped in a new entry after total arch replacement for type A aortic dissection
Authors: Fujii Takayuki , Abe Noriyuki , Yamazato Takahiro , Ohyama Noriko , Munakata Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Total arch replacement using elephant trunk (ET) has been accepted as a standard technique for thoracic aortic dissection. However, there are few complications related to the ET, such as kinking of the ET, paraplegia, splitting of the anastomosis, and thromboembolic complications. We report a successful thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in a patient with ET entrapment in a new isolated dissecting aortic aneurysm.

Case presentation
A 50-year-old woman who underwent total arch replacement (TAR) with the ET technique 6 years ago was admitted with refractory hypertension and heart failure. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed that the ET was entrapped in an isolated dissecting aortic aneurysm, which obstructed blood flow, thus causing ischemia. She underwent TEVAR to reset the entrapment of the ET. After TEVAR, ischemic symptoms were immediately relieved.

Conclusion
We present a case of new entry after the repair of a type A acute aortic dissection using ET, which rapidly progressed to a distal arch dissecting aneurysm and dislocation of the ET.
Assessing mental capacity: tensions, values and duties
Authors: Hallett Nick 
Published: June 2023

SUMMARYThis is a commentary on two articles on assessing mental capacity in everyday practice and in the case of the suicidal patient. It explores some of the conceptual problems with capacity, including the lack of a ‘right’ answer and the value-laden nature of capacity assessments in suicidal patients. In England and Wales, in addition to the Mental Capacity Act 2005 clinicians must also consider their duty of care as part of the European Convention on Human Rights as enacted in the Human Rights Act 1998.
Predicting antipsychotic-induced weight gain in first episode psychosis – A field-wide systematic review and meta-analysis of non-genetic prognostic factors
Authors: Fitzgerald Ita , Sahm Laura J. , Byrne Amy , O’Connell Jean , Ensor Joie , Ní Dhubhlaing Ciara , O’Dwyer Sarah , Crowley Erin K. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Whether non-genetic prognostic factors significantly influence the variable prognosis of antipsychotic-induced weight gain (AIWG) has not yet been systematically explored.

Methods
Searches for both randomized and non-randomized studies were undertaken using four electronic databases, two trial registers, and via supplemental searching methods. Unadjusted and adjusted estimates were extracted. Meta-analyses were undertaken using a random-effects generic inverse model. Risk of bias and quality assessments were undertaken using Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), respectively.

Results
Seventy-two prognostic factors were assessed across 27 studies involving 4426 participants. Only age, baseline body mass index (BMI), and sex were suitable for meta-analysis. Age (b=−0.044, 95%CI −0.157–0.069), sex (b=0.236, 95%CI −0.086–0.558), and baseline BMI (b=−0.013 95%CI −0.225–0.200) were associated with nonsignificant effects on AIWG prognosis. The highest quality GRADE rating was moderate in support of age, trend of early BMI increase, antipsychotic treatment response, unemployment, and antipsychotic plasma concentration. Trend of early BMI increase was identified as the most clinically significant prognostic factor influencing long-term AIWG prognosis.

Conclusions
The strong prognostic information provided by BMI trend change within 12 weeks of antipsychotic initiation should be included within AIWG management guidance to highlight those at highest risk of worse long-term prognosis. Antipsychotic switching and resource-intensive lifestyle interventions should be targeted toward this cohort. Our results challenge previous research that several clinical variables significantly influence AIWG prognosis. We provide the first mapping and statistical synthesis of studies examining non-genetic prognostic factors of AIWG and highlight practice, policy, and research implications.
Impact of Minimal Residual Disease on Progression-Free Survival Outcomes After Fixed-Duration Ibrutinib-Venetoclax Versus Chlorambucil-Obinutuzumab in the GLOW Study
Authors: Munir Talha , Moreno Carol , Owen Carolyn , Follows George , Benjamini Ohad , Janssens Ann , Levin Mark-David , Osterborg Anders , Robak Tadeusz , Simkovic Martin , Stevens Don , Voloshin Sergey , Vorobyev Vladimir , Yagci Munci , Ysebaert Loic , Qi Keqin , Qi Qianya , Parisi Lori , Srinivasan Srimathi , Schuier Natasha , Baeten Kurt , Howes Angela , Caces Donne Bennett , Niemann Carsten U. , Kater Arnon P. 
Published: June 2023

PURPOSE In GLOW, fixed-duration ibrutinib + venetoclax showed superior progression-free survival (PFS) versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab in older/comorbid patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The current analysis describes minimal residual disease (MRD) kinetics and any potential predictive value for PFS, as it has not yet been evaluated for ibrutinib + venetoclax treatment. METHODS Undetectable MRD (uMRD) was assessed by next-generation sequencing at <1 CLL cell per 10,000 (<10−4) and <1 CLL cell per 100,000 (<10−5) leukocytes. PFS was analyzed by MRD status at 3 months after treatment (EOT+3). RESULTS Ibrutinib + venetoclax achieved deeper uMRD (<10−5) rates in bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB), respectively, in 40.6% and 43.4% of patients at EOT+3 versus 7.6% and 18.1% of patients receiving chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. Of these patients, uMRD (<10−5) in PB was sustained during the first year post-treatment (EOT+12) in 80.4% of patients receiving ibrutinib + venetoclax and 26.3% receiving chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. Patients with detectable MRD (dMRD; ≥10−4) in PB at EOT+3 were more likely to sustain MRD levels through EOT+12 with ibrutinib + venetoclax versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. PFS rates at EOT+12 were high among patients treated with ibrutinib + venetoclax regardless of MRD status at EOT+3: 96.3% and 93.3% in patients with uMRD (<10−4) and dMRD (≥10−4) in BM, respectively, versus 83.3% and 58.7% for patients receiving chlorambucil + obinutuzumab. PFS rates at EOT+12 also remained high in patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (IGHV) receiving ibrutinib + venetoclax, independent of MRD status in BM. CONCLUSION Molecular and clinical relapses were less frequent during the first year post-treatment with ibrutinib + venetoclax versus chlorambucil + obinutuzumab regardless of MRD status at EOT+3 and IGHV status. Even for patients not achieving uMRD (<10−4), PFS rates remained high with ibrutinib + venetoclax; this is a novel finding and requires additional follow-up to confirm its persistence over time.
The Politics and Psychology of the Literary Field: Revisiting Cultural Capital
Authors: Anderson Amanda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores the importance of psychoanalysis to John Guillory's literary sociology. The failure of scholars to recognize the canon wars as a symptom of the increasing institutional marginality of literary studies derives from their commitment to what Guillory calls an “ego-ideal” of the profession. In particular, the psychic investments of literary critics account, on the one hand, for their inflated claims to political relevance and, on the other, for the ability of professors of literature to strike an anti-institutional pose from within the privileged space of the university. The essay turns to recent developments in the field to consider how Guillory's analysis might respond to our present moment. If his sociological method neatly describes the failures of self-understanding among scholars with respect to the canon wars and the politics of literary criticism, it nonetheless fails to capture the importance of recent work in a more affirmative key, where ideology critique is joined to the study of lived experience.
Prognostic Impact of Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Related Markers in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Shikanai Shunsuke , Yamada Noriyuki , Yanagawa Naoki , Sugai Mayu , Osakabe Mitsumasa , Saito Hajime , Maemondo Makoto , Sugai Tamotsu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Macrophage polarization is an important pathogenetic factor in neoplastic diseases. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (phospho-STAT1) regulates the M1 phenotype, and c-Maf regulates the M2 phenotype. However, the role of macrophage phenotype in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) remains unclear.

Patients and Methods
We examined whether the density of M1 and M2 macrophages was associated with prognosis in patients with LAD using double-labeling immunohistochemistry. In addition, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was investigated. Immune cells coexpressing CD68 and phospho-STAT1 were considered M1 macrophages, whereas those coexpressing CD68 and c-Maf were recognized as M2 macrophages. Patients with LAD (N = 307) were divided into two cohorts (n = 100 and n = 207) to evaluate the associations of M1 and M2 phenotypes with prognosis in patients with LAD. We determined the cut-off values of CD68/phospho-STAT1-positive cells and CD68/c-Maf-positive cells to assess correlations with overall survival (OS) using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the first cohort.

Results
According to the cut-off values of 5 or less CD68/phospho-STAT1-positive cells and more than 11 CD68/c-Maf-positive cells, high expression of CD68/c-Maf and low expression of CD68/Phospho-STAT1 were identified as independent prognostic markers for OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Moreover, the M1/M2 ratio (0.19 or less) was a poor prognostic factor for OS and DFS. However, PD-L1 expression did not correlate with patient outcomes.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings suggest that double immunostaining of markers of phospho-STAT1 (M1) and c-Maf (M2) can be used as prognostic indicators for patients with LAD.
Predicting diabetic ketoacidosis in pediatric patients using machine learning
Authors: Eid Waad Mohammed , Alharthi Hana , Aslam Nida , Abdur rab Irfan Ullah , Madani Alaa 
Published: June 2023

Background Machine learning is a powerful tool to define relationships between large data variables through computing algorithms. In medicine, machine learning can find the association between a given disease and disease-related complications such as the relationship between Diabetes and development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate a predicting model for diabetic ketoacidosis among pediatric cases to define the leading factors that can predict diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods We evaluated the medical records of 3737 pediatric patients between the ages of 0 and 18 years who attended diabetic clinics and were diagnosed with diabetes. After the initial data preprocessing, we used Orange, an open source software, for data visualization, and machine learning for data analysis. The study used six prediction models: Decision Tree, Random Forest, kNN, Gradient Boosting, CN2 rule inducer and AdaBoost. Data imbalance was managed using oversampling technique. Variables analyzed included age, sex, hemoglobin A1C level, visits to the diabetic education clinic, and number of appointments to diabetic clinic. Models were evaluated based on the Area under the Curve (AUC), accuracy, precision, recall and F1-score using the stratified 5-fold cross validation technique. Results The results show that the Random Forest is the highest performance classifier (AUC=0.98; F1 score=0.92; and recall=0.93). Furthermore, HbA1c was the most contributing factor to the prediction model. Conclusion This study shows the importance and effectiveness of machine learning modeling to predict the association between diabetes and the development of DKA. Flagging those patients who are at a higher risk of developing DKA provides a better point of care for these patients.
Which Types of Investments Benefit from Retaining the Flexibility to Terminate?
Authors: Chavda Ankur 
Published: June 2023

Firms can choose to make investments while retaining the option to terminate them prior to completion. This flexibility can mitigate uncertainty about the investment that is present at the time of its initial funding. However, this flexibility can also detrimentally alter actions within the firm that are necessary for the investment’s success, such as whether scarce firm resources are allocated to the investment. This paper develops a set of hypotheses which predicts flexibility may not improve investment performance when the investment generates limited early-stage learning and requires certain types of resources. These hypotheses are empirically tested in a data set of new U.S. television programs, comparing programs that receive commitment in the form of a straight-to-series order with programs that are flexibly developed through a piloting process. This paper contributes to the literatures on innovation, entrepreneurship and real options by identifying which investment types will benefit most from flexibility.Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.21.0095 .
Midwifery care providers’ childbirth and immediate newborn care competencies: A cross-sectional study in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda
Authors: Moller Ann-Beth , Welsh Joanne , Agossou Christian , Ayebare Elizabeth , Chipeta Effie , Dossou Jean-Paul , Gross Mechthild M. , Houngbo Gisele , Hounkpatin Hashim , Kandeya Bianca , Mwilike Beatrice , Petzold Max , Hanson Claudia 
Published: June 2023

Evidence-based quality care is essential for reducing sub-Saharan Africa’s high burden of maternal and newborn mortality and morbidity. Provision of quality care results from interaction between several components of the health system including competent midwifery care providers and the working environment. We assessed midwifery care providers’ ability to provide quality intrapartum and newborn care and selected aspects of the working environment as part of the Action Leveraging Evidence to Reduce perinatal morTality and morbidity (ALERT) project in Benin, Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda. We used a self-administered questionnaire to assess provider knowledge and their working environment and skills drills simulations to assess skills and behaviours. All midwifery care providers including doctors providing midwifery care in the maternity units were invited to take part in the knowledge assessment and one third of the midwifery care providers who took part in the knowledge assessment were randomly selected and invited to take part in the skills and behaviour simulation assessment. Descriptive statistics of interest were calculated. A total of 302 participants took part in the knowledge assessment and 113 skills drills simulations were conducted. The assessments revealed knowledge gaps in frequency of fetal heart rate monitoring and timing of umbilical cord clamping. Over half of the participants scored poorly on aspects related to routine admission tasks, clinical history-taking and rapid and initial assessment of the newborn, while higher scores were achieved in active management of the third stage of labour. The assessment also identified a lack of involvement of women in clinical decision-making. Inadequate competency level of the midwifery care providers may be due to gaps in pre-service training but possibly related to the structural and operational facility characteristics including continuing professional development. Investment and action on these findings are needed when developing and designing pre-service and in-service training.
Trial registration: PACTR202006793783148—June 17th, 2020.
A facility-based study of lipids, glucose levels and their correlates among pregnant women in public hospitals of northern Ethiopia
Authors: Berihu Gebregziabher , Mitiku Mengistu , Asfaw Beyene Selamawit , Gebregziabher Letekirstos , Gebregiorgis Yohana , Eyasu Mulu , Teferi Molla , Wellay Tsegay , Tewele Alemtsehay , Tesfay Atsbeha Mussie 
Published: June 2023

Background
Lipids and glucose concentrations in the blood rise during pregnancy period. Poor control of these analytes results in cardio metabolic dysfunction. Despite this, there are no documented studies which investigate lipids and glucose among pregnant women in Tigrai, northern Ethiopia.

Objective
The objective of this study was to assess lipid and glucose levels and identify their correlates among pregnant women in Tigrai, northern Ethiopia.

Method
We conducted a facility-based cross sectional study comprising of systematically selected 200 pregnant women from July to October 2021. Those who were severely ill were excluded from the study. We used a structured questionnaire to collect socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant women. Lipids such as triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and blood glucose were also measured using Cobas C311 chemistry machine from plasma samples. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was performed and statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05.

Result
Proportion of pregnant women with cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein and blood glucose levels above the upper limit of the normal range used for clinical decision were 26.5%, 43%, 44.5% and 21%, respectively. Pregnant women’s income > = 10,000 ETB (AOR = 3.35; 95%CI: 1.46–7.66), age (AOR = 3.16; 95%CI: 1.03–9.68), gestational age 29–37 weeks (AOR = 8.02; 95%CI: 2.69–23.90) and having systolic blood pressure greater than 120 mmHg (AOR = 3.99; 95%CI: 1.64–9.75) demonstrated statistically significant association with raised levels of lipids.

Conclusion and recommendation
Proportion of pregnant women with out of normal range values of lipids, particularly triglycerides and low density lipoprotein, is high. Gestational age is a strong predictor of increase in blood levels for both lipids. Provision of life style related health education and dietary intake to pregnant mothers matters. Moreover, monitoring lipid profile and glucose level during antenatal care period is essential.