bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Descemet membrane of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy by chromatic confocal microscopy
Authors: Vaïtinadapoulé Hanielle , Zhiguo H. E. , HAMRI Alina , Thomas Justin , GAIN Philippe , Mascarelli Frederic , THURET Gilles ,   French Fuchs Study Group FFSG
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy (FECD) causes chronic corneal edema and vision loss, and accounts for more than 50% of keratoplasty indications in occidental countries. The Descemet membrane (DM) gradually thickens because of extracellular matrix deposition and round excrescences named guttae accumulate. Chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) is on optical device that analyses the nanotopography of surfaces.Aim: to study the feasibility of CCM technology to characterize guttae in FECD.Methods: Descemetorhexis of approximately 8 mm in diameter were obtained during endothelial grafts in 11 patients with FECD and control corneas were obtained from 3 donor corneas. The DM were fixed in 0.5% paraformaldehyde immediately after dissection. The CCM analysis was performed at room temperature on surfaces of 400 x 400 μm to characterize the DM with and without guttae. We measured positive and negative heights (peaks and valleys) relative to the mean altitude, as well as their distribution by asymmetry coefficient.Results: CCM resolution allowed to map nanotopography of the DM of FECD patients and controls. The surface of DM control was flat and homogeneous with maximum positive and negative heights of 1.07 ± 0.09 μm and 1.05 ± 0.07 μm, respectively. The height distribution was uniform with an asymmetry coefficient of 0.002 ± 0.23 μm, reflecting a Gaussian distribution (npeaks = nvalleys). The surface of FECD membranes was completely altered with a maximum peak of 6.05 ± 1.49 μm, up to 5.7 times higher than the control. The height distribution was disturbed with asymmetry value of 1.61 ± 0.79 μm (npeaks > nvalleys) and a maximum valley height (3.09 ± 0.79 μm) that was half that of the peak one.Conclusions: CCM is a promising technology to quantitatively characterize the 3D organization of the DM surface. CCM can be used to classify the different types of surface lesions of the FECD corneas and to follow evolution of DM alteration at different stages of the disease.
Correlation between systemic and ocular pressure‐related factors with anatomic parameters in patients with diabetes
Authors: Dimitrova Galina , Petkovska Ivana , Kemera Dushan , Minova Natasha Nedeska , Taner Hasan , Ljubic Antonela , Lazarevska Lidija 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Previous studies suggested pressure‐related factors to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, we aim to correlate systemic and ocular pressure‐related factors with anatomic parameters in control subjects and in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods: We included 31 control subjects, 32 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without DR and 37 patients with DR. The following parameters were evaluated: best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) (mmHg), body mass index (BMI), mean blood pressure (MBP) (mmHg), HbA1c (%), estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) (mmHg), trans‐laminar pressure difference (TLPD) (mmHg), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) (mmHg), axial length (AL) (mm), spherical equivalence (SE) (D) and OCT parameters (optic disk area (mm2), optic cup/disk (C/D) ratio, retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (NFLT) (μm), foveal thickness (μm), average macular thickness (AMT) (μm)). We used either Pearson's or Spearman' coefficient of correlation depending on data distribution. Results were considered statistically significant with p value < 0.05.Results: Presence of DM had a significant low association with CSFP (Rs = 0.28, p = 0.006), BMI (Rs = 0.24, p = 0.019) and with AL (Rs = −0.27, p = 0.011). CSFP had a significant low association with SE (R = −0.38, p = 0.002) and with NFLT (R = 0.27, p = 0.046) only in patients with DM. TLPD had a significant low association with optic C/D ratio in control subjects (R = 0.45, p = 0.014) and a significant low association with NFLT in patients with DM (R = −0.35, p = 0.007). In patients with DM, IOP had a significant low association with MBP (R = 0.26, p = 0.032), BMI (R = 0.29, p = 0.017) and CSFP (R = 0.29, p = 0.017), whereas in control subjects IOP had a significant moderate association with optic C/D ratio (R = 0.57, p = 0.001) and a significant low association with AMT (R = −0.43, p = 0.016).Conclusions: Systemic and ocular pressure related factors have different correlation patterns in patients with DM than in control subjects.
Is the anatomy of the macula different in individuals with dyslexia?
Authors: Medina José Javier García , Bascuñana‐Mas Nieves , Molina Celia Gómez , Velázquez Elena Rubio , Zanón‐Moreno Vicente , Duran Maria Dolores Pinazo , Sobrado‐Calvo Paloma , del‐Rio‐Vellosillo Monica 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the thickness of different retinal layers between dyslexic subjects and controls at the macula by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT).Methods: Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including macular OCT in both eyes. The thickness of the fovea, four sectors of the parafovea and four sectors of the perifovea were obtained according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol in the following 13 segmentations: complete retina, outer retina, inner retina, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), INL + OPL + ONL, IPL + INL, OPL + ONL and ganglion cell complex (RNFL + GCL + IPL). The results of the right and left eyes were independently compared between groups.Results: The thickness in all the four sectors of the parafovea was found significantly higher in the right and in the left eyes in the dyslexic group in the following segmentations: complete retina, inner retina, middle retinal layers and OPL + ONL. Several macular sectors were also thicker in IPL + INL, INL, IPL and ONL in dyslexia. In contrast, no thickness differences between both groups were found in any of the sectors of RNFL, GCL, GCC, or outer retina in any eye.Conclusions: Anatomy of the macula is different in dyslexic and normoreader subjects in middle retinal layers, especially in the parafovea. This fact suggests that the macula may play an important role in the development of dyslexia.
Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease following a serology‐proven Bartonella henselae retinitis: A case report
Authors: Fekih Khawla , Hager Ben Amor , ahmed mahjoub , meriem slimen , Sana Khochtali , Attia Sonia , Ksiaa Imen , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To report a case of Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease following a serology‐confirmed bartonella henselae retinitis.Methods: A single case report.Results: A 41‐year‐old female patient presented with a central scotoma in her right eye (RE). Fundoscopic examination showed a focal retinitis with a macular star in the RE. Work‐up revealed positive bartonellosis serology. The patient was treated with oral azithromycine and oral steroids during 4 weeks with subsequent healing of the retinitis lesion. Three months after initial presentation, the patient complained of loss of vision in both eyes. Ophthalmological examination showed a best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/200 on both eyes, with a bilateral granulomatous panuveitis with bilateral multifocal exudative retinal detachment. Results of multimodal imaging were consistent with the diagnosis of acute VKH disease.Given the history of positive bartonellosis serology, the patient was treated with doxycycline (200 mg/day) for 6 weeks in association with intravenous methylprednisolone for 5 days followed by oral steroids and progressive tapering. At three‐month follow‐up, BCVA improved to 20/20 in both eyes associated with resolution of clinical and structural OCT changes.Conclusions: Our case suggests that bartonella henselae infection might be a non‐previously reported infectious trigger of VKH disease in genetically predisposed patients. Alternatively, bartonella henselae infection might manifest with panuveitis mimicking VKH disease.
Ocular symptoms in confirmed COVID‐19 patients: A local survey of mid and South Essex trust, England
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Saad , Akram Haseeb , Chandra Aman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: There have been several reports of COVID‐19 affecting the eyes. This retrospective study aimed to investigate which eye symptoms are commonly seen in adults who have previously tested positive for COVID‐19.Methods: Patients were identified based on the primary diagnosis of COVID‐19 on admission to three hospitals in the Mid & South Essex Trust, admitted during April–May of 2020 & Jan–Feb 2021. Ethical approval was obtained and these patients were sent a retrospective questionnaire after discharge. The questionnaires inquired about the presence of eye symptoms experienced before, during and after their covid illness. It also included questions about covid admission duration and hospitalization details. Thirty patient responses were returned and analysed.Results: Ten patients out of 30 respondents (33.33%) developed worsening of pre‐existing eye conditions: Most commonly Tiredness (70%), itchiness(50%), dryness(50%), Grittiness (30%), Redness (30%), Burning (30%), Pain (20%), Discharge (20%) & formation of a Lump/Bump (20%). Ten patients out of 30 respondents (33.33%) also developed new eye symptoms. Most commonly being Tiredness(40%), Vision change(30%), Pain (20%), Grittiness (20%).Conclusions: The majority of the patients experienced ocular symptoms suggestive of a viral conjunctivitis. Such clinical features in patients presenting to the Eye Unit could represent a manifestation of COVID‐19 illness. It could be useful to use these data to consider covid PCR testing in patients who present to eye units with viral ocular presentations. These data may be relevant to any future viral pandemic.
The safety of ranibizumab and bevacizumab on senescent retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: Shin Jeongah , Hwang Gyudeok 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in patients with age‐related macular degeneration are presumably senescent. This study investigated the effects of ranibizumab and bevacizumab on the viability of senescent RPE cells.Methods: Premature senescence of human RPE (ARPE‐19) cells was induced by exposure to low‐dose pulsed H2O2 stress for 5 days and confirmed with senescence‐associated 𝛽‐galactosidase (SA‐𝛽‐gal) staining. After treatment with clinical doses of ranibizumab and bevacizumab, the MTT [3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay and flow cytometry were used to determine cell viability. A caspase 3/7 assay, cell cycle analysis, SA‐𝛽‐gal staining, and in vitro wound healing assay were also performed to investigate the effects of the drugs on senescent ARPE‐19 cells.Results: Ranibizumab and bevacizumab did not have deleterious effects on apoptosis, cell viability, additional senescence, or the migration capacity of senescent RPE cells.Conclusions: Clinical dosages of ranibizumab and bevacizumab do not produce significant cytotoxicity in senescent RPE cells.Reference1. Klein R, Klein BE, Jensen SC, Meuer SM. The five‐year incidence and progression of age‐related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 1997; 104: 7–21.
Considerations for the management of low vision in retinitis pigmentosa with tunnel vision: A case series
Authors: Latifah Latifah , Dewi Nadia , Anny Sulistiyowati 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This study discusses considerations for the management of low vision in retinitis pigmentosa patients with tunnel vision.Methods: Diagnoses were based on history taking, anterior segment examination, retinal examination with 78D indirect ophthalmoscope, and ancillary testing. Baseline central macular thickness was measured with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Zeiss Cirrus HD‐OCT 5000). The visual field was measured with the Humphrey field analyser. The retina's electrical activity was measured with an electroretinogram (ERG). Contrast sensitivity was measured with the Pelli‐Robson chart.Results: We discuss three cases of retinitis pigmentosa: An 18‐year‐old male, a 26‐year‐old female, and a 47‐year‐old male with bilateral RP and CME. The diagnosis of RP was based on the clinical features of night‐blindness, narrowing visual field, with characteristic funduscopic findings, which are arteriole attenuation, waxy disc pallor, and “bone spicule” appearance. All three cases indicated tunnel vision and a decrease in scotopic response of ERG results. Decreased photopic response was shown in the second and third case. Decreased contrast sensitivity was found in all cases, especially in the third case. Although all cases showed CME in OCT findings, only the third case had visual acuity less than 6/6 and was treated with spectacles. The management of tunnel vision in all of the cases comprises best visual acuity correction, orientation and mobility (O&M) training, and Trifield glasses, if available.Conclusions: Tunnel vision in patients with RP considered a low‐vision aid (Trifield glasses) with an O&M training to extend their visual field. In the RP‐CME, patient whose visual acuity is less than 6/6 binocularly was given spectacles alongside with therapy for CME secondary to RP.
Patterns of sclero‐uveitis in a referral center in Tunisia, North Africa
Authors: Malouch Issam Eddine , Abroug Nesrine , Belghith Yassine , Slimene Meriem Haj , Attia Sonia , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of anterior scleritis associated with uveitis in a referral center in Tunisia.Methods: The charts of twenty patients (20 eyes) diagnosed with sclero‐uveitis at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia, presented between January 2015 and April 2022, were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed ophthalmic examination and fundus photography were performed in all patients. Mean follow‐up period was 28.4 months. Patients with keratitis or posterior scleritis were excluded.Results: There were eight women and 12 males patients with a mean age of 34.8 years. All patients presented with ocular pain. Mean initial best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/80 (range, 20/2000–20/25).There was an associated anterior uveitis in 80% of cases and panuveitis in 20%. Clinical findings at presentation included nodular scleritis in five eyes (25%) and scleromalacia perforans in four eyes (20%). Idiopathic sclero‐uveitis accounted for almost 55%. Identified causes of sclerouveitis included rheumatoid arthritis in four eyes (20%), tuberculosis in three eyes (15%), granulomatosis with polyangiitis in two eyes (10%), sarcoidosis in one eye (5%) and then one case after mRNA 1273 vaccine (5%). Ocular complications included pupillary seclusion in 25% of cases and vision loss in 10% of patients. Mean final BCVA was 20/100 (range, 20/4000–20/32). Treatment modalities of non‐infectious scleritis included indomethacine in 14 patients (82.3%), systemic corticosteroid in seven patients (41.1%) and immunosuppressant or biological agent in five patients (29.4%).Conclusions: Our results provide useful information about the patterns and etiologies of sclerouveitis. The leading causes of sclerouveitis include mainly rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculosis. An infectious cause should be always ruled out.
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography for the detection and management of early keratoplasty complications
Authors: Ferchichi Molka , Meriem Ouederni , Ammar Hamdi Ben , Zaienb Gharbi , Fehmy Nafaa , Cheour Monia 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to assess the contribution of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) in the detection of early postoperative complications following penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in order to guide their management.Methods: A single‐center, prospective study, designed to evaluate the postoperative results of 42 eyes who had PK (39 eyes) and DALK (3 eyes) for various diagnoses. Complications occurring between the first and 7th day after surgery were recorded. AS‐OCT was performed to assess central corneal thickness (CCT), Descemet's membrane (DM) position, graft‐host junctions (GHJ), and iridocorneal angle (ICA) opening.Results: Early postoperative complications were detected in 4 eyes (9.5%). Among them, 2 eyes (patients 1 and 2) had PK for corneal perforation, and 2 eyes (patients 3 and 4) had DALK for keratoconus. Patient 1 had an early graft ectasia. Corneal thinning was first detected on the 6th postoperative day by CCT measurement on AS‐OCT. He underwent a second PK with a favourable outcome. Patient 2 had persistent corneal edema on the 4th postoperative day. AS‐OCT revealed graft steps at the GHJ. After surgical revision, the graft became clear and the GHJ were well‐apposed on AS‐OCT. Patient 3 had important graft edema (CCT 1005 μm) secondary to DM detachment diagnosed on the first postoperative day with AS‐OCT. She was treated with an intracameral air injection leading to the reattachment of DM and regression of the edema. Patient 4 had on the first postoperative day a pupillary block successfully managed with a peripheral iridotomy leading to the reopening of the ICA seen on AS‐OCT.Conclusions: AS‐OCT is a non‐contact and reproducible imaging tool that proved to be useful to identify early postoperative complications after keratoplasty and to guide their management. It allows for a quantitative and objective assessment of the anterior segment behind a usually non‐transparent corneal graft.
Repeatability of quantitative measurements of anterior segment analysis with swept‐source AS‐OCT in dry eye, ocular surface disease and healthy eyes
Authors: Recchioni Alberto , Domínguez‐Vicent Alberto , Venkataraman Abinaya Priya , Wallace Graham , Rauz Saaeha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Dry eye and ocular surface disease (OSD) are the most common causes of eye discomfort with up to 50%1 of the global population affected. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT) is essential to diagnose and track ocular surface changes. This study aims at assessing the precision of a modern swept source AS‐OCT in OSD vs healthy control.Methods: Five clinical groups were included: G1 = Sjögren's syndrome (n = 46); G2 = Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, Graft‐versus‐Host Disease, etc. (n = 58); G3 = Meibomian Gland Disease (n = 47); G4 = Miscellaneous (Neurotrophic, Exposure, Transplant, etc.) (n = 36); G5 healthy controls (n = 41). Three consecutive measurements using a radial scan mode were collected using the AS‐OCT Casia2 (Tomey, Japan) and the repeatability limits (RLs) were calculated. The following parameters were obtained: anterior chamber depth (ACD), AC width (ACW), angle opening distance (AOD) and angle recess area (ARA) both at 250, 500 and 750 μm, angle to angle (ATA), central thickness apex (CTapex), lens vault (LV), trabecular iris angle (TIA) and trabecular iris‐space area (TISA) both at 250, 500 and 750 μm. Dry eye metrics such as OSDI® questionnaire, fluorescein break‐up time (FBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), conjunctival inflammation (INFLCONJ) and ocular surface staining (OSS) were considered.Results: The higher RLs values were observed within the G4 cohort considering AOD (0.28, 0.29, 0.36, 0.35, 0.43 vs G5 0.18, 0.21, 0.18, 0.20, 0.26 mm),ARA (0.08, 0.10, 0.16, 0.18, 0.25, 0.27 vs. G5 0.06, 0.06, 0.09, 0.10, 0.14, 0.15 mm2), CTapex (66.12 vs. G5 13.55 μm), TIA (33.90, 22.57, 14.55, 20.02 vs. G5 30.94, 18.31, 9.44, 14.76 degrees) and TISA (0.06, 0.07, 0.14, 0.15, 0.23, 0.24 vs. G5 0.04, 0.05, 0.08, 0.09, 0.12, 0.14 mm2). G1 cohort reported the worst dry eye metrics (OSDI 52.90 ± 20.58 score, FBUT 3.51 ± 2.36 s, TMH 0.10 ± 0.07 mm, INFLCONJ 1.07 ± 1.78 score, OSS 4.27 ± 2.35 score).Conclusions: This is the first study to consider anterior segment analysis repeatability limits in OSD vs healthy cohorts with the AS‐OCT Casia2. Despite G1 cohort reported the worse dry eye metrics, the higher repeatability limits were observed in the G4 Miscellaneous group.Reference1. Stapleton, F. et al. TFOS DEWS II Epidemiology Report. Ocular Surface 15, 334–365, doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.003 (2017).
Ex vivo model for the measurement of intraocular pressure and force of injection during the administration of hollow microneedles in porcine sclera
Authors: Glover Katie , Mishra Deepakkumar , Thakur Raj 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The current gold standard treatment option for posterior segment diseases such as age‐related macular degeneration is the delivery of drug into the vitreous cavity by intravitreal injection. This method is, however, associated with several issues including low patient compliance and the risk of adverse effects [1]. Microneedles (MNs), designed to deliver their payload into the sclera, offer a minimally invasive means of providing localized drug delivery to the eye, providing a potentially more patient‐friendly alternative. MNs for ocular drug delivery have gained significant interest in recent years; however, for clinical acceptability, safe values for parameters such the injection force and changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) are critical. This work investigated the effects that changing MN design parameters (e.g., bevel angle, needle length and needle gauge) had on both the force of penetration (FoP) and depth of penetration (DoP) achieved in ex vivo porcine sclera at clinically relevant locations. The model used a pressure transducer to allow for real‐time monitoring of IOP over the injection procedure.Methods: Stainless steel hollow microneedles (ssHMNs) were fabricated from conventional hypodermic needles, with a range of bevel angles (30–75°) cut in triplicate using Wire Electrical Discharge Machining. Needle heights were adjusted as required using 3D‐printed adapters. To assess FoP and DoP, ssHMNs were inserted into ex vivo porcine sclera with images being captured using optical coherence topography. IOP changes during the injection procedure were monitored in real‐time using a pressure transducer.Results: ssHMNs were shown to partially penetrate the ex vivo porcine sclera. Average values obtained for FoP and DoP were shown to be dependent on sclera location. Peak IOP values were observed upon scleral penetration, with these being lower with smaller needle sizes. Similarly, average FoP values were found to decrease for higher gauge needles and smaller bevel angles.Conclusions: This work demonstrates the effects of changing design parameters of ssHMNs on the FoP and DOP achieved in ex vivo porcine sclera, as well as changes in IOP.Reference1. “Stimuli sensitive ocular drug delivery systems,” in Drug Targeting and Stimuli Sensitive Drug Delivery Systems, 2018, pp. 211–270.