bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of crude oil futures hedging during infectious disease outbreaks in the 21st century
Authors: Go You‐How , Teo Jia‐Jun , Chan Kam Fong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the hedging effectiveness of crude oil futures during infectious disease outbreaks in the 21st century. The conditional volatility of crude oil markets experienced a greater shock during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic than during the severe acute respiratory syndrome and swine‐origin influenza A outbreaks. The sharp decline in the conditional correlation of crude oil markets following the onset of COVID‐19 increases the persistence of shocks to correlations, thereby diminishing the effectiveness of futures contracts as a hedging instrument.
The chromatic index of finite projective spaces
Authors: Xu Lei , Feng Tao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA line coloring of , the ‐dimensional projective space over GF, is an assignment of colors to all lines of so that any two lines with the same color do not intersect. The chromatic index of , denoted by , is the least number of colors for which a coloring of exists. This paper translates the problem of determining the chromatic index of to the problem of examining the existences of and with certain properties. In particular, it is shown that for any odd integer and , which implies the existence of a parallelism of for any odd integer and .
Local changes in viral RNA sequence drive global changes in influenza nucleoprotein binding
Authors: Le Sage Valerie , Kanarek Jack P. , Lakdawala Seema S. , Lee Nara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe genome of influenza A viruses (IAV) consists of eight negative‐sense RNA segments that are coated by viral nucleoprotein (NP). Until recently, it was assumed that NP binds viral genomic RNA (vRNA) uniformly along the entire segment. However, genome‐wide studies have revised the original model in that NP instead binds preferentially to certain regions of vRNA, while others are depleted for NP binding. Even strains with high sequence similarity exhibit distinct NP‐binding profiles. Thus, it remains unknown how NP‐binding specificity to vRNA is established. Here we introduced nucleotide changes to vRNA to examine whether primary sequence can affect NP binding. Our findings demonstrate that NP binding is indeed susceptible to sequence alterations, as NP peaks can be lost or appear de novo at mutated sites. Unexpectedly, nucleotide changes not only affect NP binding locally at the site of mutation, but also impact NP binding at distal regions that have not been modified. Taken together, our results suggest that NP binding is not regulated by primary sequence alone, but that a network formed by multiple segments governs the deposition of NP on vRNA.
Observation of Generalized Dynamic Localizations in Arbitrary‐Wave Driven Synthetic Temporal Lattices
Authors: Ye Han , Wang Shulin , Qin Chengzhi , Zhao Lange , Hu Xinyuan , Liu Chenyu , Wang Bing , Lu Peixiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDynamic localization (DL) refers to a wavefunction confinement effect of electrons in periodic lattices under an ac electric field driving. Recent studies have transplanted DLs from electronic to photonic systems using periodically curved waveguide lattices, where the ac electric field is mimicked by the waveguide's bending curvature. However, due to the severe limitations of bending losses and poor tunability for highly curved, arbitrarily shaped waveguides, present studies mainly focus on DL under the simplest sinusoidal‐wave driving; its extension to an arbitrary‐wave driving remains challenging. Here, by constructing a synthetic temporal lattice with a coupled fiber‐loop circuit, the limitations of spatially curved waveguides are circumvented and generalized DLs are experimentally demonstrated under arbitrary‐wave driving. First, by applying band‐collapse criteria, the general conditions for the driving field's symmetry to achieve DLs are revealed. Then, two representative even‐function driving fields of square‐ and triangle‐waveforms are chosen, and wave‐packet revivals are observed as signatures of DLs. As a counter‐example, the breakdown of DL is also verified using odd‐function driving field of sawtooth‐waveform. The work reveals the conditions for realizing generalized DLs and experimentally verifies them using synthetic lattice schemes. This paradigm may find potential applications in versatile temporal‐waveform reshaping, pulse manipulations for optical communications, and signal processing.
Entanglement of Six Orbital Angular Momentum Modes with Reconfigurable Topological Charges
Authors: Yu Sheng , Zhang Kai , Lou Yanbo , Liu Shengshuai , Jing Jietai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEntanglement is one of the most essential resources for quantum information. In addition to increasing the scale of entanglement, improving its flexibility is also of vital importance for its practical applications. In this article, a continuous‐variable (CV) entanglement of six orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes whose topological charges can be flexibly reconfigured is experimentally generated. In particular, six sets of CV hexapartite entanglement of OAM modes are obtained with their topological charges reconfigurable. The scheme enables the redistribution of the entangled OAM modes among the quantum channels, which provides a flexible platform to construct reconfigurable quantum communication networks in the CV regime.
Different receiver responses to rewarded referrals: The moderating effect of styles of thinking
Authors: Yu Zhenpeng , Zeng Hui , Hao Liaogang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractReferral reward programs (RRPs) have attracted increasing attention from researchers and practitioners in recent years. Drawing on the analytic–holistic thinking framework, we explore the degree to which styles of thinking affect receiver's responses to the referrals through three studies. We find that rewards in RRPs adversely affect referral responses, resulting in lower purchase intention and brand evaluation. Such an effect of rewards, however, is moderated by styles of thinking. For holistic thinkers, the above effect of rewards on receiver's responses is valid because holistic receivers are more sensitive to contextual factors (e.g., rewards and tie strength). For analytic receivers, however, there is no significant difference in receiver's responses to unrewarded (vs. rewarded) referrals. In addition to styles of thinking, the results also show that tie strength has a moderating effect on the receiver's response to the referrals. However, the moderating effect of tie strength on receiver's responses is also affected by styles of thinking. For holistic receivers, the moderating effect of tie strength is significant. For analytic receivers, however, the moderating effect of tie strength is not significant. Our conclusions complement the existing research on RRP and provide management implications for enterprises to develop more efficient referral reward programs.
Predictors for adverse events following intravesical botulinum toxin injections in men
Authors: Ribeiro Luis , Leung Lap Yan , Tan Nataniel , Low Zhi‐Yang , Nagarajah Mathura , Ahmed Ghazia , Carey Mikaela , Sabbagh Samer , Sharma Davendra , Walker Roger , Nitkunan Tharani , Seth Jai 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntravesical botulinum toxin A (BTX‐A) has been long established as treatment for overactive bladder and neurogenic bladder dysfunction. However, most published data are reported among a female cohort. Adverse events such as intermittent self‐catheterization (ISC) and urinary tract infections (UTIs) play a large role in discontinuation of therapy. There is currently limited information regarding predictive factors to appropriately counsel male patients.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on male patients undergoing their first intravesical BTX‐A therapy from January 2016 to July 2021 in two high‐volume centers. Data included demographics, past medical and surgical history, and urodynamic parameters. Patients were excluded if they had a long‐term catheter or ISC before initiation of therapy.ResultsA total of 69 men were included in the study with a median age of 66 years. There were 18 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Thirty men had urge incontinence secondary to radical prostatectomy or bladder outflow surgery. Overall rates of ISC were 43.5%. Predictors for ISC included a baseline postvoid residual (PVR) ≥ 50 mL (odds ratio [OR]: 4.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36–13.03, p = 0.01), BTX‐A dose >100 units (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.36–13.0, p = 0.01). Stress urinary incontinence was protective against ISC (OR: 0.20, 95% CI: 0.04–1.00, p = 0.049) as well as history of prostatectomy/bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) surgery (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05–0.47, p < 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression model with these factors yielded a c‐statistic of 0.80 (optimism‐adjusted = 0.75). An enlarged prostate was the only predictor for UTI among our male cohort (OR: 8.0, 95% CI: 2.03–31.5, p = 0.003).ConclusionsThis is the first study assessing risk factors of adverse events among men following BTX‐A injection. High PVR and BTX‐A dose of >100U were predictors of requiring ISC after BTX‐A. Stress incontinence, previous radical prostatectomy, and BOO surgery were all protective against needing ISC post‐BTX‐A. An enlarged prostate was associated with development of UTI. These factors can be used to assist in counseling male patients regarding their risk of ISC and UTI.
Experiences of persons with multiple sclerosis of a collaborative care programme: A qualitative study
Authors: Payamani Firuzeh , Borzou Seyed Reza , Soltanian Alireza , Ghiasian Masoud , Khatiban Mahnaz 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to explain the experiences of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) about the collaborative care programme.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted from July 2021 to March 2022.MethodsWe conducted this study with individuals with MS who participated in the collaborative care programme in Hamadan, Iran. A purposive sampling with maximum variety was applied to recruit patients until data saturation. Eventually, 18 patients consented and were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview guide. The transcriptions of audio‐checked interviews were analysed using a conventional content analysis approach of Graneheim and Lundman by MAXQDA 10, 2010 edition.ResultsThe study identified three main categories. that emerged from the participants' experiences of collaborative care: the ‘Beginning of Communication’, which included two subcategories, ‘Introduction and Acquaintance with Each Other’ and ‘Formation of Trust’; ‘Mutual Interaction’, which included three subcategories, ‘Dialogue’, ‘Mutual Goal Setting’ and ‘Mutual Agreement of Care Solutions’; and ‘Exchange of Targeted Behaviors’, which included six categories, Implementation of Strategies for ‘Nutritional Behaviors’, ‘Sleep and Rest’, ‘Constipation Relief’, ‘Promotion of Physical Activity and Exercise’, ‘Fatigue Reduction’ and ‘Stress Management’.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the statistically significant role of collaborative care in MS management. Utilizing these research findings can update the development of interventions based on collaborative care, which can provide appropriate support to individuals with MS.Patient or public contributionIndividuals with multiple sclerosis.
Bumping into the Species Scale with the Scalar Potential
Authors: Andriot David 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a quantum gravity cut‐off, the species scale gets naturally compared to the energy scale of a scalar potential V in an EFT. In this note, the species scale, its rate and their field dependence, to those of a scalar potential is compared. To that end, a string compactification leading to a scalar potential with the same properties as the species scale, namely, being positive, starting at a maximum in the bulk of field space and going asymptotically to zero is first identified. The trajectory followed in our 14‐fields scalar potential is the steepest descent. Evaluating the rate along this path, a local maximum, or bump, a feature noticed as well for the species scale are observed. The origin of this bump for the scalar potential, and compare it to that of the species scale are investigated.
The Role of Executive Functions in Lexical Processing During Reading Comprehension
Authors: Liao Xian , Cai Mingjia , Hung Cathy On‐Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRobust relation has been revealed previously between the components of executive function (EF) and reading comprehension performance. However, the specific role of EF in the reading processes remains relatively underexplored. Within the framework of the lexical quality hypothesis (LQH), this study examined the contribution of EF to the lexical processing of words, and how this eventually supports reading comprehension. A total of 262 Grade 3 students in Hong Kong were assessed using multiple measures of EF, lexical processing skills (i.e. orthographic awareness, morphological awareness, and receptive vocabulary knowledge) and reading comprehension, respectively. Our findings indicate significant associations between EF and lexical processing skills, which, in turn, contributed to better reading comprehension. The results demonstrate how EF supports Chinese reading comprehension through the mediating effects of a reader's mental operation in obtaining meanings of individual words. The findings support to the notion that peripheral skills facilitate reading comprehension through more central skills.
Determinants of corporate climate change disclosure: Is the mediating role of corporate strategic response to environmental governance and policy matter? Evidence from emerging market
Authors: Mehedi Sohel , Nahar Shamsun , Jalaludin Dayana 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe examine the determinants and the mediating role of corporate strategic response to environmental governance and policy (EGP) with the extent of corporate climate change disclosure (CCD) through the isomorphic pressures. We collect data from annual reports of Bangladeshi listed manufacturing corporations and we analyze data via partial least square‐structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM). Our study findings indicate that board specialty in terms of independent directorship, board human capital reflected by education, and experience, as well as the corporate values include corporate convictions and commitments reflected by vision, mission, core objectives have significant and positive relationships with CCD. The EGP also mediates the abovementioned relationships. Furthermore, the EGP mediates the relationship between corporate attributes (total assets, ROA, ROE, leverage) and CCD. Our findings suggest that when corporations strategically response to environmental issues by putting in place environmental‐related governance and policy, factors such as corporate attributes, board specialty, and corporate values play stronger role in promoting corporate climate change disclosure in developing economies like Bangladesh. Our results offer implications to policymakers, governmental units, professional bodies, social catalysts, and industry practitioners, on their important role in promoting sustainable development by encouraging corporations to manage their environmental issues strategically via corporate governance, strategic environmental management and climate change disclosure.
Modification of Sorghum Starch by Propylene Oxide and Application in Texturing of Cookies
Authors: Gupta Arijit Dutta , Negi Sangeeta , Bhadauria Vivek , Bharti Bhawana , Sweeti  , Tian Yu , Blennow Andreas , Singh Harinder 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSorghum starch is hydroxypropylated with propylene oxide for 20 h under alkaline conditions and its physicochemical and structural properties are compared with native and alkali modified starches using the same procedure but without propylene oxide. The study demonstrates that functional effects of the hydroxypropylation are not a sum total of alkali modification and addition of propylene oxide. Syneresis and pasting temperature decrease following both modifications. However, alkali modification, as compared to hydroxypropylation, shows a greater decrease in the pasting temperature. Apparent amylose content and swelling power increase after hydroxypropylation. The starch granular structure remains intact after both modifications. The data support that hydroxypropylated starch can be a texturing agent for bakery products such as cookies as documented from data of cutting force and smooth surface of cookies.
Promoting teachers’ SRL with professional vision experiences of live‐actors simulations and video technology
Authors: Kramarski Bracha , Heaysman Orna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelf‐regulated learning (SRL) is a cyclical process of planning, performance, and reflection. Although SRL contributes to academic achievement, teaching SRL poses a challenge for teachers, who need support in theoretical and practical approaches to SRL knowledge and skills. The first stop for teachers to effectively learn and employ SRL practices is to enhance teachers’ professional vision (PV) skills: PV skills help teachers think about teaching goals and strategic performance. Enhancing teachers’ PV in the context of SRL, referred to as “PV‐SRL,” is based on two types of experiences; video learning and simulation. These experiences allow teachers to practice their SRL skills by observation and emulation and apply SRL theory in class. Video‐based learning refers to watching videos of themselves and other teaching, discussing, and analyzing the events. The term “simulation” refers to guided learning experiences artificially resembling reality, where participants can exercise their skills and cope with challenges in a supportive environment. This chapter describes the different types of video‐based learning and simulations and their application teachers’ professional development programs and also provides recommendations for teacher educators.
Introduction to and Importance of Insects
Authors: Redak Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsects and closely related arthropods are the dominant and most diverse forms of terrestrial and aquatic (non-marine) animal life on the planet. Other than marine systems, insects occupy every conceivable environment and habitat on the Earth. Crustaceans and Annelids (worms) are the dominant and most diverse groups of animals in marine systems.
Bark Beetles
Authors: Gomez Demian F. , Riggins John J. , Cognato Anthony I. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBark beetles often feed on dead or dying plant tissues, serving as primary decomposers. However, some bark beetle species kill healthy trees, although at the time of attack, these healthy trees are often experiencing stressful conditions, such as drought or lightning strikes. Populations of tree-killing bark beetles can increase in size to a level where they can overcome the resistance of healthy trees and cause mass destruction of forests resulting in tremendous economic and ecological damage. This chapter introduces the reader to bark beetle natural history, diversity, evolution and management. Natural history is organized by feeding ecology, mating strategies, and intra– and interspecific interactions. Evolution and diversity of bark beetles includes discussion of phylogeny, timing of evolutionary events and an annotated and illustrated list of bark beetle genera important to forest entomologists. Management and control covers efforts to reduce losses to bark beetle destruction of forests and plant products. Finally, we present case studies, including outbreak events, which have resulted in vast economic and ecological loss.
Form and Function
Authors: Doucet Daniel , Paine Timothy D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe physiology and morphology of insects largely explain the immense adaptability of these organisms to forest ecosystems. This chapter presents an opportunity to review the basics of insect development, the morphology of the different stages and the organ systems that comprise them. The broad categories immature stages and developmental trajectories toward the adult are summarized. Important physiological systems involved in insect behavior such as sensory organs, the nervous system and locomotion are also reviewed. Concise reviews of digestion, immunity and reproduction provide the reader with a basic understanding of how insects interact with their hosts and pathogens and propagate. Together, these topics should convey the fundamental importance of insect form and function in forest entomology.
Forest Insect Invasions and Their Management
Authors: Liebhold Andrew M. , Brockerhoff Eckehard G. , McCullough Deborah G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs a result of increasing globalization, hundreds of forest insect species have been accidentally transported among continents. The most common invasion pathways by which non-native forest insects are transported globally are wood packaging material and live plants. While most non-native forest insect species have no noticeable impacts in their non-native ranges, several species have had serious or even catastrophic effects on tree health, forest resources and ecosystem functions. Approaches to preventing and managing forest insect invasions correspond to the four phases of biological invasions: arrival, establishment, spread and widespread established populations. Biosecurity agencies manage arrival through commodity entry prohibitions, port inspections and mandatory phytosanitary procedures designed to reduce transport of non-native species. Biosecurity measures to prevent establishment focus on surveillance (e.g. traps) to detect new populations that sometimes can be eradicated if populations are discovered early and their occurrence is limited. In very few cases, spread of invasions may be slowed or stopped using containment or barrier zone management. Finally, once populations are established and widespread, methods such as biological control, host resistance breeding, silviculture and pesticides may be needed to mitigate damage caused by non-native pests. As the world becomes increasing interconnected, more insect species are likely to become established in new regions, further increasing the problems associated with non-native forest pests.
Forest Arthropod Diversity
Authors: Hébert Christian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsects are the most diverse group of organisms on Earth with 952,794 described species (Roskov et al. in Species 2000 & ITIS catalogue of life, 2021). They account for 85% of arthropod species, 67% of animal species and 47% of all species currently known on the planet (Roskov et al. in Species 2000 & ITIS catalogue of life, 2021).
Forest Insect–Natural Enemy Interactions
Authors: Grégoire Jean-Claude , Gould Juli R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs illustrated in several other chapters of this book, “forest insects”, including those linked to woody plants growing outside the forest environment stricto sensu (cities, field margins, hedgerows, river banks, roads, railway tracks, etc.), play various ecological and economic roles (pests, biocontrol agents, pollinators, recyclers of nutrients, key components of trophic webs, etc.). Often, the role of natural enemies in intricate food webs can be extremely complex and may change according to the presence and prevalence of other food web components.