bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of deep learning-based tumor segmentation for target delineation and response assessment in grade-4 glioma using multi-parametric MRI
Authors: Hannisdal Marianne H , Goplen Dorota , Alam Saruar , Haasz Judit , Oltedal Leif , Rahman Mohummad A , Rygh Cecilie Brekke , Lie Stein Atle , Lundervold Arvid , Chekenya Martha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Tumor burden assessment is essential for radiation therapy (RT), treatment response evaluation, and clinical decision-making. However, manual tumor delineation remains laborious and challenging due to radiological complexity. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of the HD-GLIO tool, an ensemble of pre-trained deep learning models based on the nnUNet-algorithm, for tumor segmentation, response prediction, and its potential for clinical deployment.

Methods
We analyzed the predicted contrast-enhanced (CE) and non-enhancing (NE) HD-GLIO output in 49 multi-parametric MRI examinations from 23 grade-4 glioma patients. The volumes were retrospectively compared to corresponding manual delineations by 2 independent operators, before prospectively testing the feasibility of clinical deployment of HD-GLIO-output to a RT setting.

Results
For CE, median Dice scores were 0.81 (95% CI 0.71–0.83) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.74–0.84) for operator-1 and operator-2, respectively. For NE, median Dice scores were 0.65 (95% CI 0.56–0,69) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.57–0.67), respectively. Comparing volume sizes, we found excellent intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.90 (P &lt; .001) and 0.95 (P &lt; .001), for CE, respectively, and 0.97 (P &lt; .001) and 0.90 (P &lt; .001), for NE, respectively. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between response assessment in Neuro-Oncology volumes and HD-GLIO-volumes (P &lt; .001, Spearman’s R2 = 0.83). Longitudinal growth relations between CE- and NE-volumes distinguished patients by clinical response: Pearson correlations of CE- and NE-volumes were 0.55 (P = .04) for responders, 0.91 (P &gt; .01) for non-responders, and 0.80 (P = .05) for intermediate/mixed responders.

Conclusions
HD-GLIO was feasible for RT target delineation and MRI tumor volume assessment. CE/NE tumor-compartment growth correlation showed potential to predict clinical response to treatment.
Prevalence and Correlates of Adverse Mental Health Outcomes among Male and Female Black Emerging Adults with a History of Exposure (Direct versus Indirect) to Police Use of Force
Authors: Motley Robert O , Chen Yu-Chih , Motley Jamie D 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anxiety, depression, and psychological distress are public health concerns for Black emerging adults ages 18–29, given their prevalence in this population. However, we have scant empirical research investigating the prevalence and correlates of negative mental outcomes among Black emerging adults with a history of exposure to police use of force. Thus, the current study examined the prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being and how they vary among a sample of Black emerging adults with a history of direct or indirect exposure to police use of force. Computer-assisted surveys were administered to a sample of Black emerging adults (N = 300). Univariate, bivariate, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Black women with a history of direct or indirect exposure to police use of force had significantly less favorable scores on the depression and anxiety scales compared with Black men. Study findings suggest that Black emerging adults, particularly women, with a history of exposure to police use of force are at risk of experiencing adverse mental health outcomes. Future research with a larger and ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults that examines the prevalence and correlates of adverse mental health outcomes and how they vary by gender, ethnicity, and exposure to police use of force is warranted.
Translation of a family-based behavioral intervention for adolescent obesity using the RE-AIM framework and common steps from adaptation frameworks
Authors: Biggs Bridget K , Rodgers Kristi V , Nayman Samuel J , Hofschulte Deanna R , Loncar Haylee , Kumar Seema , Lynch Brian A , Rajjo Tamim I , Wilson Dawn K 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Interventions for adolescent weight management that are ready to use in clinical settings are needed to address the obesity epidemic and improve the health and wellbeing of affected adolescents. This report describes the systematic process our team followed to adapt an evidence-based intervention (EBI) for adolescent weight management from its randomized control trial protocol to a package for delivery in a group-based telehealth format within a medical center. The EBI adaptation was clinician initiated, prompted by identified practice needs, and involved collaboration of the clinical team with the EBI developer. The process was guided by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework and followed key steps for adapting EBIs to new contexts. RE-AIM-aligned adaptations included telehealth delivery and broader inclusion criteria, separate clinical and research evaluation batteries, adaptations to fit the clinical practice, practical fidelity checklists to guide and record session delivery, and continuous quality improvement processes aimed to facilitate program longevity and family engagement. The process culminated in a package of adapted intervention materials deemed by stakeholders as appropriate to the practice and congruent with the EBI model. This report provides a much-needed practical demonstration of the translation of an EBI for adolescent weight management from research protocol to group telehealth delivery in a medical center. Key lessons include the value of clinician-researcher collaboration, the breadth of resources needed to adapt EBIs for real-world delivery, and the importance of considering delivery context in implementation and evaluation decisions, including defining inclusion criteria, staffing, and outcomes assessments.
Functional relevance of the extrastriate body area for visual and haptic object recognition: a preregistered fMRI-guided TMS study
Authors: Atilgan Hicret , Koi J X Janice , Wong Ern , Laakso Ilkka , Matilainen Noora , Pasqualotto Achille , Tanaka Satoshi , Chen S H Annabel , Kitada Ryo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The extrastriate body area (EBA) is a region in the lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC), which is sensitive to perceived body parts. Neuroimaging studies suggested that EBA is related to body and tool processing, regardless of the sensory modalities. However, how essential this region is for visual tool processing and nonvisual object processing remains a matter of controversy. In this preregistered fMRI-guided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) study, we examined the causal involvement of EBA in multisensory body and tool recognition. Participants used either vision or haptics to identify 3 object categories: hands, teapots (tools), and cars (control objects). Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) was applied over left EBA, right EBA, or vertex (control site). Performance for visually perceived hands and teapots (relative to cars) was more strongly disrupted by cTBS over left EBA than over the vertex, whereas no such object-specific effect was observed in haptics. The simulation of the induced electric fields confirmed that the cTBS affected regions including EBA. These results indicate that the LOTC is functionally relevant for visual hand and tool processing, whereas the rTMS over EBA may differently affect object recognition between the 2 sensory modalities.
Is There a Role for Anti-factor Xa Activity Assay in Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Management Among Orthopaedic Trauma Patients? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tischler Eric H. , Tsai Sung Huang Laurent , Wolfert Adam J. , von Keudell Arvind , Roudnitsky Valery , Gross Jonathan , Suneja Nishant 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To determine the effect of anti-factor Xa assay dosing of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) on rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), bleeding, and mortality among orthopaedic trauma patients.

Data Sources:
PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), clinicaltrials.gov, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception of the database to 2021.

Study Selection:
Prospective, retrospective, and randomized controlled trial studies were included if they compared rates of VTE, DVT, PE, bleeding, and/or mortality between orthopaedic trauma patients receiving anti-factor Xa–based LMWH dosing and those receiving standard dosing.

Data Extraction:
Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Study characteristics including study design, inclusion criteria, and intervention were extracted.

Data Synthesis:
Meta-analysis was performed using pooled proportion of events (effect size) with 95% confidence intervals. A random-effects model was used. Heterogeneity was quantified by Higgins I2. Heterogeneity and variability between subgroups indicated differences in the pooled estimate represented by a P-value.

Results:
Six hundred eighty-five studies were identified, and 10 studies including 2870 patients were included. In total, 30.3% and 69.7% received an adjusted and nonadjusted dose of LMWH, respectively. The rate of VTE and DVT were significantly lower in the anti-factor Xa–adjusted cohort, whereas there was no statistically significant difference in rates of PE, bleeding, or mortality between the cohorts.

Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that anti-factor Xa activity assay dosing of LMWH among orthopaedic trauma patients leads to a reduction in overall DVT rates, although not PE rates, without an increased risk of bleeding events.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Agreement between cardiac output measurements by pulse wave analysis using the Pressure Recording Analytical Method and transthoracic echocardiography in patients with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy
Authors: Greiwe Gillis , Flick Moritz , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Winkler Martin S. , Nitzschke Rainer , Frings Daniel , Saugel Bernd 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Measuring cardiac output (CO) is important in patients treated with veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vvECMO) because vvECMO flow and CO need to be balanced. Uncalibrated pulse wave analysis with the Pressure Recording Analytical Method (PRAM) may be suitable to measure CO in patients with vvECMO therapy.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the agreement between CO measured by PRAM (PRAM-CO; test method) and CO measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE-CO; reference method).

DESIGN
A prospective observational method comparison study.

SETTING
The ICU of a German university hospital between March and December 2021.

PATIENTS
Thirty one adult patients with respiratory failure requiring vvECMO therapy: 29 of the 31 patients (94%) were treated for COVID-19 related respiratory failure.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
PRAM-CO and TTE-CO were measured simultaneously at two time points in each patient with at least 20 min between measurements. A radial or femoral arterial catheter-derived blood pressure waveform was used for PRAM-CO measurements. TTE-CO measurements were conducted using the pulsed wave Doppler-derived velocity time integral of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and the corresponding LVOT diameter. PRAM-CO and TTE-CO were compared using Bland–Altman analysis and the percentage error (PE). We defined a PE of <30% as clinically acceptable.

RESULTS
Mean ± SD PRAM-CO was 6.86 ± 1.49 l min−1 and mean TTE-CO was 6.94 ± 1.58 l min−1. The mean of the differences between PRAM-CO and TTE-CO was 0.09 ± 0.73 l min−1 with a lower 95% limit of agreement of −1.34 l min−1 and an upper 95% limit of agreement of 1.51 l min−1. The PE was 21%.

CONCLUSIONS
The agreement between PRAM-CO and TTE-CO is clinically acceptable in adult patients with vvECMO therapy.
Cardiac dysfunction in patients affected by subarachnoid haemorrhage affects in-hospital mortality
Authors: Messina Antonio , Longhitano Yaroslava , Zanza Christian , Calabrò Lorenzo , Villa Federico , Cammarota Gianmaria , Sanfilippo Filippo , Cecconi Maurizio , Robba Chiara 
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a life-threatening condition with associated brain damage. Moreover, SAH is associated with a massive release of catecholamines, which may promote cardiac injury and dysfunction, possibly leading to haemodynamic instability, which in turn may influence a patient's outcome.

OBJECTIVES
To study the prevalence of cardiac dysfunction (as assessed by echocardiography) in patients with SAH and its effect on clinical outcomes.

DESIGN
Systematic review of observational studies.

DATA SOURCES
We performed a systematic search over the last 20 years on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies reporting echocardiography findings in adult patients with SAH admitted to intensive care. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and poor neurological outcome according to the presence or absence of cardiac dysfunction.

RESULTS
We included a total of 23 studies (4 retrospective) enrolling 3511 patients. The cumulative frequency of cardiac dysfunction was 21% (725 patients), reported as regional wall motion abnormality in the vast majority of studies (63%). Due to the heterogeneity of clinical outcome data reporting, a quantitative analysis was carried out only for in-hospital mortality. Cardiac dysfunction was associated with a higher in-hospital mortality [odds ratio 2.69 (1.64 to 4.41); P < 0.001; I
2 = 63%]. The GRADE of evidence assessment resulted in very low certainty of evidence.

CONCLUSION
About one in five patients with SAH develops cardiac dysfunction, which seems to be associated with higher in-hospital mortality. The consistency of cardiac and neurological data reporting is lacking, reducing the comparability of the studies in this field.
Identifying Kawasaki Disease With a Low Coronary Artery Aneurysm Risk
Authors: Iio Kazuki , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Miyata Koichi , Kaneko Tetsuji , Misawa Masahiro , Yamagishi Hiroyuki , Miura Masaru 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with a high risk of coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) development are well characterized and targeted for intensified primary intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment. However, the characteristics of KD patients with a low CAA risk are less well-known.

Methods:
The present study was a secondary analysis of Prospective Observational study on STRAtified treatment with Immunoglobulin plus Steroid Efficacy for Kawasaki disease (Post RAISE), a multicenter, prospective cohort study of KD patients in Japan. The target of the analysis was patients with a Kobayashi score <5 who were predicted to respond to IVIG. The incidence of CAA during the acute phase, the primary outcome, was assessed based on all echocardiographic evaluations performed between week 1 (days 5–9) and month 1 (days 20–50) after the start of primary treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors of CAA during the acute phase, based on which a decision tree was created to identify a subpopulation of patients with KD with a low CAA risk.

Results:
Multivariate analysis found that a baseline maximum Z score >2.5, age <12 months at fever onset, nonresponsiveness to IVIG, low neutrophils, high platelets and high C-reactive protein were independent predictors of CAA during the acute phase. The decision tree created by using these risk factors identified 679 KD patients who had a low incidence of CAA during the acute phase (4.1%) and no medium or large CAA.

Conclusions:
The present study identified a KD subpopulation with a low CAA risk comprising around a quarter of the entire Post RAISE cohort.
The Influence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.617.2 on a Different Clinical Course and Severity of COVID-19 in Children Hospitalized in 2021 Compared With 2020
Authors: Pokorska-Śpiewak Maria , Talarek Ewa , Pawłowska Małgorzata , Mania Anna , Hasiec Barbara , Żwirek-Pytka Elżbieta , Stankiewicz Magdalena , Stani Martyna , Frańczak-Chmura Paulina , Szenborn Leszek , Zaleska Izabela , Chruszcz Joanna , Majda-Stanisławska Ewa , Dryja Urszula , Gąsiorowska Kamila , Figlerowicz Magdalena , Mazur-Melewska Katarzyna , Faltin Kamil , Ciechanowski Przemysław , Peregrym Michał , Łasecka-Zadrożna Joanna , Rudnicki Józef , Szczepańska Barbara , Pałyga-Bysiecka Ilona , Rogowska Ewelina , Hudobska-Nawrot Dagmara , Domańska-Granek Katarzyna , Sybilski Adam , Kucharek Izabela , Franczak Justyna , Sobolewska-Pilarczyk Małgorzata , Kuchar Ernest , Wronowski Michał , Paryż Maria , Kalicki Bolesław , Toczyłowski Kacper , Sulik Artur , Niedźwiecka Sławomira , Gorczyca Anna , Marczyńska Magdalena 
Published: April 2023

Background:
This study aimed to analyze the differences in the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children hospitalized in 2021, when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants B.1.1.7 (alpha) and B.1.617.2 (delta) dominated, compared with 2020.

Methods:
In this multicenter study based on the pediatric part of the national SARSTer register (SARSTer-PED), we included 2771 children (0–18 years) with COVID-19 diagnosed between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, from 14 Polish inpatient centers. An electronic questionnaire, which addressed epidemiologic and clinical data, was used.

Results:
Children hospitalized in 2021 were younger compared with those reported in 2020 (mean 4.1 vs. 6.8 years, P = 0.01). Underlying comorbidities were reported in 22% of the patients. The clinical course was usually mild (70%). A significant difference in the clinical course assessment between 2020 and 2021 was found, with more asymptomatic patients in 2020 and more severely ill children in 2021. In total, 5% of patients were severely or critically ill, including <3% of the participants in 2020 and 7% in 2021. The calculated mortality rate was 0.1% in general and 0.2% in 2021.

Conclusion:
Infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants alpha and delta lead to a more severe course of COVID-19 with more pronounced clinical presentation and higher fatality rates than infection with an original strain. Most of the children requiring hospitalization due to COVID-19 do not have underlying comorbidities.
Pediatric intestinal rehabilitation
Authors: Kudo Hironori , Wada Motoshi 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
The intestinal rehabilitation program (IRP) is a comprehensive treatment strategy that employs various approaches implemented by multidisciplinary teams to treat intestinal failure in children. This program has shown promising results, such as reducing complications and improving prognosis and quality of life (QOL). In this review, we discuss the current status of this program and relevant topics.

Recent findings
IRP includes the prevention and treatment of various complications such as intestinal failure associated liver disease, catheter-related bloodstream infection or sepsis, and venous thromboembolism. In addition, treatment strategies such as glucagon-like peptide-2 analogs, surgical interventions, and intestinal transplantation have evolved over time and have contributed to improved outcomes. In addition, the scope and regions for IRP activities have expanded.

Summary
IRP improves the prognosis and QOL of children with intestinal failure. The development of new drugs, surgical methods, and treatment strategies is expected to improve the current and future status of pediatric patients with intestinal failure. Furthermore, international institutions must collaborate, share knowledge, conduct joint research, and establish patient registries to advance IRP progress.
The Impact of Redlining on Modern-Day Firearm Injuries
Authors: Spitzer Sarabeth A. , Vail Daniel G. , Dey Tanujit , Salim Ali , Jarman Molly P. 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
To evaluate whether exposure to the United States discriminatory housing practice of redlining, which occurred in over 200 cities in the 1930s, is associated with modern-day, community-level incidence of firearm injury.

Background:
Firearm violence is a public health epidemic within the United States. Federal policies are crucial in both shaping and reducing the risk of firearm violence; identifying policies that might have contributed to risks also offers potential solutions. We analyzed whether 1930s exposure to the discriminatory housing practices that occurred in over 200 US cities was associated with the modern-day, community-level incidence of firearm injury.

Methods:
We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study between 2014 and 2018. Urban Zip Code Tabulation Areas (ZCTAs) historically exposed to detrimental redlining (grades C and D) were matched to unexposed ZCTAs based on modern-day population-level demographic characteristics (ie, age, Gini index, median income, percentage Black population, and education level). Incidence of firearm injury was derived from the Gun Violence Archive and aggregated to ZCTA level counts. Our primary outcome was the incidence of firearm injury, modeled using zero-inflated negative binomial regression.

Results:
When controlling for urban firearm risk factors, neighborhoods with detrimental redlining were associated with 2.6 additional firearm incidents annually compared with nonredlined areas with similar modern-day risk factors. Over our study period, this accounts for an additional 23,000 firearm injuries.

Conclusions:
Historic, discriminatory Federal policies continue to impact modern-day firearm violence. Policies aimed at reversing detrimental redlining may offer an economic means to reduce firearm violence.
Evaluation of changes in coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at -18°C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital
Authors: Ogolla Collince O. , Demba Rodgers N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundFresh frozen plasma is a critical substitute therapy in management of bleeding. Increased risk of venous thrombosis has been described to be associated with high plasma levels of several coagulation factors.MethodologyThis study was a longitudinal study involving time series analysis of fresh frozen plasma stored at -18°C for five weeks. A sample of 180 ml plasma was obtained from the blood centrifuged at 4000rpm which was aliquoted into three parts each containing 60ml. The first aliquot was used to assess the changes in coagulation factors in FFP at baseline during the first week of sample collection, the second aliquot was used to assess the changes in coagulation factors in FFP storage at -18°C temp after three weeks of storage, the third aliquot was used to assess the changes in coagulation factors in FFP storage at -18°C temp after five weeks of storage. Coagulation factor analysis was performed using Erba Mannheim ECL 105 coagulation analyzer, India factor results recorded. Thawing for subsequent coagulation factor analysis and serial testing of stored cryoprecipitate and fresh frozen plasma was done using Stericox Plasma Thawing Bath at 37°C, for 45 mins before before analyzing the samples. Standard storage conditions for the aliquots were monitored and maintained to ensure homogeneity.ResultsThe findings showed significant changes in the coagulation factors in FFP during storage at -18 for a period to five weeks with chi-square value of 216.000 and asymptomatic significance value (p-value) <0.0001* less than the standard alpha 0.05.ConclusionThere was a constant decrease of coagulation factors in fresh frozen plasma during storage at -18°C for 5 weeks at Kisii Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kisii County.