bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nation-Building and Federalism in Nepal
Authors: Hachhethu Krishna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This book’s primary contribution to political science will be in the presentation and elucidation of identity-based federalism, a unique concept and a novel form of federalism. Nepal’s Interim Constitution of 2007 and two subsequent reports, prepared for Constituent Assembly-I by its State Restructuring Committee and by the High-Level Commission, were crucial for the conceptualization of identity-based federalism. Theoretical discourse within political science, the comparative experience of South Asian countries, and the federal debate in Nepal all suggest that there are two contrasting nation-building visions—that of the nation-state and that of the state-nation. There is a conceptual coherence between nation-state, liberal democracy, majoritarianism, assimilationist strategies, and a unitary state or territorial federalism. By contrast, the state-nation path of nation-building entails inclusive democracy, consociational government, the accommodation of ethnic diversity, and identity-based federalism. For Nepal, the key question was whether the project of state restructuring underway since 2006 should follow the principle of the nation-state or that of the state-nation, or rather be something else entirely. This book, written by a scholar who had a ringside view and who knows all the participants well, tracks the history of the clash between these two contrasting visions during the critical transitional period when the Constitution was being prepared (2008–2015) and in the immediate aftermath when it was being put into practice. It analyses the forces supporting both visions and explains the ultimate victory of one side over the other.
Consensus Dishonoured
Authors: Hachhethu Krishna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It was political parties not stakeholders that had legitimate authority of constitution-making. At the outset, the first Constituent Assembly (CA-I) elections brought about a change in the political equation in favour of emerging forces (Maoist and Madheshi parties) and non-dominant ethnics (i.e. Janajati, Madheshi, and Dalits). Consequently, radical ethnic content was placed on the table for inter-party negotiation. At another pole, there were traditional parties (Nepali Congress and Unified Marxist-Leninist) which wanted to reinstate the erstwhile 1990 Constitution implicitly but with a new content, republic instead of monarchy. The most tricky question was that none of these two opposing camps had required a two-thirds majority in the 601-members CA to pass the new constitution by voting. So a compromise was inevitable on contentious issues, at one point under compulsion of time limitation of the CA (May 2012) but dishonoured by both sides. Hence, the country was headed towards another round of CA elections.
Preparing to Paint
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter reveals the unconventional, experimental side of Dürer’s friendship with Willibald Pirckheimer and Lorenz Behaim, but also how Pirckheimer and Dürer were united in their extraordinary efforts to work harder than most to excel. It emphasizes that Pirckheimer’s protracted attempt to master ancient Greek and to translate it can be compared to Dürer’s approach to mastering perspective and painting. Both Pirckheimer and Dürer around 1508 were still very much training to become masters of their art. Yet Dürer´s Feast of the Rose Garlands altarpiece in Venice had demonstrated his mastery of colour, and his Landauer altarpiece would confirm his supreme skill in terms of originality and technique.
Letter 3
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Dürer penned his third letter to Jakob Heller in March 1508. He now demanded a significant increase in his fee. The artist still had not started to paint the panel, but was very involved with the commission. The chapter argues that although Dürer was strategic in trying to negotiate for adequate pay, he was also sincere in describing a creative process of immersion to Heller. This is clear from a close reading of his letters. They reveal both his creative frustrations and his commercial concerns. The chapter contextualises this tension in relation to the emerging art market in Germany.
Visiting Wilhelm’s Court
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows that although Wilhelm of Bavaria’s son Maximilian I now ruled over Bavaria, the abdicated duke remained a vital player in cultural politics. The Munich cabinet of curiosities in turn inspired Hainhofer to become a trader in rarities because he knew about Wilhelm’s continued demand for artefacts. This part of the book charts their close relationship until Hainhofer was cut off from the Catholic court during the Thirty Years’ War. Wilhelm V. used the language and behaviour of art lovers in order to forge connections with Catholic and Protestant rulers whom he hoped would retain political neutrality or support the Catholic League.
The ‘Old Lord’
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It is highly unusual in literature of this period to gain a sense of the interaction between an art agent and a client; yet this is offered by Philipp Hainhofer’s reports on his travels and his correspondence with Wilhelm of Bavaria. As with Fugger, Wilhelm’s personal fascination with how artefacts were made and ethnographic information about some of them fed on the information merchants could source to argue for the highest quality of pieces and to maximize their price. This chapter discusses how the relationship between the art agent and the former duke developed through personal visits and letters. It analyses the social practices through which art lovers developed intimacy.
Agent for the Duke of Pomerania
Authors: Rublack Ulinka 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In 1610, the duke of Pomerania-Stettin appointed Philipp Hainhofer as his art agent. This chapter explains why this was such a significant development in his career and what this involved. Hainhofer was now able to mediate between courts of different confessions. He acted as a diplomat as much as an art agent. This chapter thus shows how the movement of ‘art lovers’ that focused on the exchange of rarities ranging from horses and antlers to shells or paintings had crucial political dimensions. It served to establish a connection that was charged with the notion of affective ties and friendship, but in reality functioned as a tool to pursue political interests.
Gone Girls, 1684-1901
Authors: Gilbert Nora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In Gone Girls, Nora Gilbert argues that the persistently prevalent trope of female characters running away from some iteration of “home” played a far more influential role in the histories of both the rise of the novel and the rise of modern feminism than previous accounts have acknowledged. For as much as the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British novel may have worked to establish the private, middle-class, domestic sphere as the rightful (and sole) locus of female authority in the ways that prior critics have outlined, it was also continually showing its readers female characters who refused to buy into such an agenda—refusals which resulted, strikingly often, in those characters’ physical flights from home. Just as the #MeToo movement has used the tool of repeated, aggregated storytelling to take a stand against contemporary rape culture, Gone Girls identifies and amplifies a recurrent strand of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British storytelling that served both to emphasize the prevalence of gendered injustices throughout the period and to narrativize potential ways and means for readers facing such injustices to rebel, resist, and get out.
The New Runaway-Woman Novelist
Authors: Gilbert Nora 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the most overtly feminist genre explored in this study, fin-de-siècle New Woman fiction. Structurally, this chapter has the most in common with my first chapter on amatory fiction, in that it puts the personal biographies of some of the female authors who were most associated with the New Woman movement into conversation with the semi-autobiographical, runaway-woman künstlerromanae they chose to write. Focusing primarily on Mona Caird’s The Daughters of Danaus (1894), Sarah Grand’s The Beth Book (1897), and George Egerton’s The Wheel of God (1898), this chapter brings the book’s discussion of the relationship between female authorship, female sexuality, and female rebellion full circle, with a final beat comparing Egerton’s lesser-known epistolary novel Rosa Amorosa: The Love-Letters of a Woman (1901) to Aphra Behn’s originary Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and His Sister (1684) with which my literary history began.
Introduction
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter introduces the book’s objectives, focus, structure, and methodology. The book will be guided by three interrelated research objectives. Backward-looking, it will analyse how the Court has mobilized Article 2 TEU so far. Taking a more forward-looking perspective, the book will then explore where we can go from here. In this context, the study will provide a conceptual framework for the judicial mobilization of Article 2 TEU, explore its potential, and sketch trajectories for future development. Finally, this book will ask whether these developments should be welcomed. This will entail a critical reflection of the already existing case law and its prospective developments. The study will approach these issues largely from a doctrinal perspective and develop the multifaceted potential of Article 2 TEU under the banner of ‘doctrinal constructivism’. To better connect the transnational, English-speaking and the national doctrines of EU law it will employ a multilingual approach.
Practice
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces the rise of Article 2 TEU in the Court’s jurisprudence. It starts by examining how the Court engaged with the rule of law, democracy, and fundamental rights before their codification in Article 6 TEU-Amsterdam and later Article 2 TEU-Lisbon. Until 2018, these provisions played only a marginal role in proceedings before the Court. This changed with Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses, which constitutes a critical breakthrough for the judicial mobilization of Article 2 TEU. As such, this chapter conducts a thick analysis of this case, its context, innovation, and reception. In a third step, it systematizes how the jurisprudence has evolved in the ruling’s aftermath. It concludes by demonstrating how Article 2 TEU has moved to the very heart of the Court’s constitutional jurisprudence. With the rulings on the rule of law conditionality, the Union’s values have been elevated to ‘the very identity of the European Union’.
Doctrine
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter offers a doctrinal basis for the judicial applicability of Article 2 TEU by assessing, mitigating, and refuting often-voiced objections. Despite the Court’s growing engagement, many still question the provision’s judicial applicability. These doubts concern its legal normativity (values), its justiciability (indeterminacy), and the Court’s jurisdiction (exclusivity of political procedures). Ultimately, none of these objections appear to be convincing. First, systematic and comparative considerations along with the provision’s drafting history strongly suggest that Article 2 TEU contains legal principles, not moral values. Second, the Court has found ways to overcome the indeterminacy of these values by operationalizing them through specific Treaty provisions. Going beyond the case law, this chapter explores strategies that would even allow the Court to develop Article 2 TEU into a freestanding provision. Finally, the chapter refutes the objection that reviewing the Member States’ compliance with Article 2 TEU should be withdrawn from the Court’s purview.
Article 2 TEU as Constitutional Frame of the Verbund
Authors: Spieker Luke Dimitrios 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter zooms out to the level of the Verbund. In this dimension, Article 2 TEU should be reduced to a thin constitutional frame that secures a minimum of homogeneity between the EU and the Member States’ constitutional structures. Drawing on insights from federal theory, a certain degree of constitutional homogeneity is an essential precondition for sustaining federal systems. The European Union is no exception in this regard. Unlike in federal states, however, the constitutional homogeneity across the Verbund is assured not only in a top-down manner (EU → Member States) but also through horizontal (among the Member States) and bottom-up channels (Member States → EU). Ultimately, these claims for homogeneity converge in Article 2 TEU. The following chapters will demonstrate the important role of the EU judicial system in securing the required degree of constitutional homogeneity in the Verbund.
Borders as Sites of Mobility
Authors: Zenobi Luca 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter shifts the focus of the book from the making of borders to the way in which people encountered them, starting with their role as sites of mobility. The chapter uses network analysis and new digital tools to chart data from largely untapped sources, namely registers of safe conducts and trade licences. In so doing, it shows that contemporaries encountered both internal boundaries and external frontiers on a daily basis and that the spatial coordinates of border-crossing were very evident to them. At the same time, the chapter shows that the people’s ability to move went hand in hand with a certain degree of control on behalf of the authorities. Fifteenth-century borders were indeed permeable but only because Italian rulers were content to channel people and goods through specific checkpoints rather than preventing them from entering their territories altogether.
Value Realism and Idiosyncrasy
Authors: Kirwin Claire 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
There are many parts of our lives for which it seems perfectly right and proper that we differ from each other in our relation to value: we pursue different careers, choose different spouses, prefer different flavors of ice cream. Even the most robust of realists typically assumes that where this is so—where the value on the scene is properly ‘idiosyncratic’, as I put it—we cannot understand this value on a realist model, and must instead see it as deriving from the person’s attitudes or preferences. I argue that this assumption is mistaken, and that the phenomenon of idiosyncrasy is fully compatible with realism. The world contains many different forms of value, and we each possess different forms of ‘value-expertise’—different kinds and degrees of ability to experience, understand, and engage with that value. This model allows us to make sense of idiosyncrasy within a fully realist framework.
Modest Stance-Dependence
Authors: Ingram Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stance-dependence theories maintain that all moral truths depend solely on us for their existence and authority. Whereas ‘ambitious’ stance-dependence theories seek to capture the form of moral objectivity involved in positing agent-neutral or inescapable reasons to act, ‘modest’ stance-dependence theories deny that there are such reasons. This chapter argues that the most promising modest theories fail to capture the non-arbitrariness of moral choice. Specifically, they face a ‘stability’ charge, for they introduce a destabilising contingency into the moral domain. There are two strategies modest theorists might deploy in response to this charge—one claims that moral truths depend only on our ‘idealised’ attitudes, the other involves a localised error theory. This chapter argues that both strategies fail, and that modest stance-dependence theories should therefore be rejected.
Dualistic Intuitionism
Authors: Ingram Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The second part of the book argues that, by exploring the nature and importance of interpersonal moral dialogue, robust realists can defend epistemological and meta-semantic claims that are friendly to their moral ontology. This chapter begins that argument by presenting an intuitionist epistemology. The intuitionist theory in question is dualistic in the sense that it gives a central role to both a priori and a posteriori intuitions. By exploring the need for inclusive and cooperative moral dialogue at the ‘frontiers’ of moral inquiry, we find that the justification of moral beliefs sometimes involves adequately understanding a self-evident moral proposition, and sometimes involves certain kinds of moral-emotional experience. After responding to two objections facing the proposed intuitionist view, the chapter concludes that robust realists can account for the possibility of moral knowledge.
Sceptical Challenges
Authors: Ingram Stephen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter responds to three major challenges facing robust realism and its epistemology. More specifically, it answers three arguments that, if successful, would give us reason to be sceptical about the possibility of forming justified moral beliefs about robust moral truths. These are the metaphysical argument from disagreement, the epistemological argument from disagreement, and the evolutionary debunking argument. Drawing on previous claims about the nature and importance of inclusive and cooperative moral dialogue, this chapter argues that each of these challenges can be defused, and that robust realists can remain optimistic about the possibility of our forming justified moral beliefs about robust moral truths.
Temporal Interactions Between Social Motivation and Behavior In Daily Life Among Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Strauss Gregory P , Raugh Ian M , Luther Lauren , Walker Elaine F , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypotheses
Poor social functioning is common among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis and is associated with greater likelihood of conversion. Unfortunately, processes contributing to social impairment are unclear, making social functioning difficult to improve via treatment. The current study examined whether abnormalities in social functioning result from aberrant temporal interactions between social motivation and behavior.

Study Design
Participants included 105 individuals at CHR and 62 healthy controls (CN) who completed 6 days of ecological momentary assessment. Multilevel models examined time-lagged interactions between social behavior and motivation.

Study Results
CHR and CN did not differ in social motivation; however, CHR were less likely to interact with family and coworkers and more likely to engage in interactions via phone and text/social media. Autocorrelations indicated that social behavior and motivation were generally consistent across time in CHR and CN groups. Time-lagged analyses indicated that both groups had an increase in social motivation across time when they were alone and a decrease in social motivation across time when they were with others. However, the relative decrease when with others and increase when alone were less robust in CHR than CN, particularly for in-person interactions. Social motivation at time t did not differentially impact social partner or modality at time t+1 in the groups.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that social behavior and motivation have different temporal interactions in CHR and CN. Psychosocial interventions may benefit from targeting the frequency of social behavior with specific partners and modalities to change social motivation.
Setting Down the Skewer: Japan’s Brazilian Food Businesses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hillyer Rumika Suzuki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Drawing from fieldwork conducted from September 2020 to August 2021, this qualitative, interview-based research note explores how Japan’s Brazilian food industry was uniquely affected by the COVID pandemic and the Japanese government’s counter-virus measures. Most Brazilian food establishments in Japan are churrascaria, which include a buffet-style setting and waiters who carve skewered grilled meat directly at patrons’ tables. Given the active discouragement of in-person dining generally and buffet-style specifically by the Japanese government, Brazilian churrascaria had to adjust their operations and menus to meet new dining norms. Moreover, many workers in the Brazilian food industry are immigrants working part time, whose vulnerability was compounded by limited Japanese proficiency and lower socioeconomic statuses. Data derived from interviews with 20 individuals working in Japan’s Brazilian food industry, including owners, chefs, servers, and suppliers, show specifically how this more ‘niche’ industry and its workers were uniquely affected by the pandemic. This research note can therefore serve as an abbreviated case study for future social scientific inquiries that analyze inequality in Japan’s restaurant industry stemming from COVID-19 and the Japanese government’s varied approach to protecting the food industry and its workers.
Infusion of Gross National Happiness values in teaching Mathematics in higher secondary schools in Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Gyeltshen Tashi 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This interpretivist study employed a qualitative multiple-embedded case study to examine the infusion of Gross National Happiness (GNH) values in teaching Mathematics. The study aimed to gain insights into Mathematics teachers’ perceptions, understandings and practices of GNH values in Bhutanese classrooms. The study involved 10 teachers teaching Mathematics in grades XI and XII (age 16 to 18 years) students from five schools in eastern Bhutan using purposive sampling. The data collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and field notes were analysed thematically. The study found that teachers have limited knowledge, skills and strategies required to explicitly infuse GNH values into Mathematics. First, the majority of teacher participants have not participated in any professional development programme related to GNH. Second, some teacher participants who participated in the GNH professional development programme did not receive clear guidance on how to plan and conduct lessons with GNH values in Mathematics. Third, the majority of the teachers face difficulty relating the concept of Mathematics to GNH. The knowledge generated from the study can contribute to the empirical baseline for future researchers related to GNH and Mathematics education. The study recommends research on factors affecting the infusion of GNH values in teaching Mathematics