bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaccination against influenza in pregnant women in a maternity hospital in the Czech Republic in the season 2020–2021
Authors: Kynčl Jan , Liptáková Monika , Košťálová Jana , Malý Marek , Křížová Marcela , Heřman Hynek , Fabiánová Kateřina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Pregnant women are among the priority groups to receive influenza vaccines in the Czech Republic since 2011, data on vaccination coverage are not yet available. The aim of the study was to determine the influenza vaccination coverage (IVC) and provide source data for further activities.

Methods
A prospective observational study was performed in a large maternity hospital in Prague. The self-completed questionnaire was distributed to 5,475 pregnant women between September 1, 2020 and August 31, 2021. Questions included maternal sociodemographic characteristics, influenza vaccination status and sources of maternal vaccination recommendations during pregnancy.

Results
A total of 4,617 completed questionnaires have been analysed. The median age of study participants (N = 4,592) was 33 years (range: 18–51 years). The majority (69.7%) of women had completed their university education, most women were childless (58.5%) or had one child (32.5%) before the start of the study. Less than 2% of women reported being vaccinated against influenza during their pregnancy (1.5%; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9%). Only 21% of women knew that it’s possible to get vaccinated against influenza during pregnancy. Participants considered influenza vaccination in pregnancy as important (3.3%), useful (41.1%) and useless (44.4%). Out of 959 pregnant women who had information about influenza vaccination during pregnancy, only 6.9% were vaccinated, while among those who did not have this information, 0.1% were vaccinated during pregnancy (p < 0.001). The most frequent source of information was Internet, then media and a general practitioner.

Conclusions
The IVC during pregnancy in our study was extremely low. In order to improve IVC among pregnant women, it is necessary to increase awareness of recommendations and vaccination options among the public and professionals and incorporating vaccination recommendation in routine antenatal practice.
Thematic analysis of national online narratives on regular asymptomatic testing for Covid-19 in schools in England
Authors: Taylor-Egbeyemi Jo , Carter Holly , Robin Charlotte 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To understand the public perceptions of the schools Covid-19 testing programme in England.

Design
Qualitative social media analysis.

Setting
Online users of parenting forums (Mumsnet and Netmums), Facebook newspaper pages and Daily Mail online readers, who responded to posts or articles about the schools testing programme in England, between 1 and 31 March, 2021.

Results
Overall, seven main themes were identified, these were divided into barriers and facilitators to engaging in testing for Covid-19. Barriers were: uncertainty around testing in the absence of symptoms; concerns about testing; implications about testing positive; mistrust in the Government. Facilitators were: desire to protect others; desire to return to normality; and hearing others’ positive experiences.

Conclusions
Our analysis highlighted that alongside well-established barriers to engaging in asymptomatic testing, parents were having to negotiate additional complex decisions around balancing their child’s anxiety over testing alongside acknowledgement of the implications of regular testing, such as return to normality and protecting others. Parents and children would benefit from additional practical and social support to facilitate engagement with the schools testing programme.
Dysbiosis of the intestinal fungal microbiota increases lung resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells and is associated with enhanced asthma severity in mice and humans
Authors: Kanj Amjad N. , Kottom Theodore J. , Schaefbauer Kyle J. , Choudhury Malay , Limper Andrew H. , Skalski Joseph H. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The gut-lung axis is the concept that alterations of gut microbiota communities can influence immune function in the lungs. While studies have explored the relationship between intestinal bacterial dysbiosis and asthma development, less is understood about the impact of commensal intestinal fungi on asthma severity and control and underlying mechanisms by which this occurs.

Methods
Wild-type mice were treated with Cefoperazone to deplete gut bacteria and administered Candida albicans or water through gavage. Mice were then sensitized to house dust mite (HDM) and their lungs were analyzed for changes in immune response. Humans with asthma were recruited and stool samples were analyzed for Candida abundance and associations with asthma severity and control.

Results
Mice with intestinal Candida dysbiosis had enhanced Th2 response after airway sensitization with HDM, manifesting with greater total white cell and eosinophil counts in the airway, and total IgE concentrations in the serum. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) were more abundant in the lungs of mice with Candida gut dysbiosis, even when not sensitized to HDM, suggesting that ILC2 may be important mediators of the enhanced Th2 response. These effects occurred with no detectable increased Candida in the lung by culture or rtPCR suggesting gut-lung axis interactions were responsible. In humans with asthma, enhanced intestinal Candida burden was associated with the risk of severe asthma exacerbation in the past year, independent of systemic antibiotic and glucocorticoid use.

Conclusions
Candida gut dysbiosis may worsen asthma control and enhance allergic airway inflammation, potentially mediated by ILC2. Further studies are necessary to examine whether microbial dysbiosis can drive difficult-to-control asthma in humans and to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
A novel ROS-Related chemiluminescent semiconducting polymer nanoplatform for acute pancreatitis early diagnosis and severity assessment
Authors: Li Yuhang , Yin Baoli , Song Yinghui , Chen Kang , Chen Xu , Zhang Yujing , Yu Nanhui , Peng Chuang , Zhang XiaoBing , Song Guosheng , Liu Sulai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and potentially life-threatening inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in the occurrence and development of AP. With increasing ROS levels, the degree of oxidative stress and the severity of AP increase. However, diagnosing AP still has many drawbacks, including difficulties with early diagnosis and undesirable sensitivity and accuracy. Herein, we synthesized a semiconducting polymer nanoplatform (SPN) that can emit ROS-correlated chemiluminescence (CL) signals. The CL intensity increased in solution after optimization of the SPN. The biosafety of the SPN was verified in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism and sensitivity of the SPN for AP early diagnosis and severity assessment were evaluated in three groups of mice using CL intensity, serum marker evaluations and hematoxylin and eosin staining assessments. The synthetic SPN can be sensitively combined with different concentrations of ROS to produce different degrees of high-intensity CL in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the SPN shows an excellent correlation between CL intensity and AP severity. This nanoplatform represents a superior method to assess the severity of AP accurately and sensitively according to ROS related chemiluminescence signals. This research overcomes the shortcomings of AP diagnosis in clinical practice and provides a novel method for the clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis in the future.
Causality of genetically determined metabolites and metabolic pathways on osteoarthritis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gu Yifei , Jin Qianmei , Hu Jinquan , Wang Xinwei , Yu Wenchao , Wang Zhanchao , Wang Chen , Liu Yang , Chen Yu , Yuan Wen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases and is the leading cause of pain and disability in the aged population. However, the underlying biological mechanism has not been fully understood. This study aims to reveal the causal effect of circulation metabolites on OA susceptibility.

Methods
A two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was performed to estimate the causality of GDMs on OA. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 486 metabolites was used as the exposure, whereas 8 different OA phenotypes, including any-site OA (All OA), knee and/or hip OA (knee/hip OA), knee OA, hip OA, spine OA, finger and/or thumb OA (hand OA), finger OA, thumb OA, were set the outcomes. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was used for calculating causal estimates. Methods including weight mode, weight median, MR-egger, and MR-PRESSO were used for the sensitive analysis. Furthermore, metabolic pathway analysis was performed via the web-based Metaconflict 4.0. All statistical analyses were performed in R software.

Results
In this MR analysis, a total of 235 causative associations between metabolites and different OA phenotypes were observed. After false discovery rate (FDR) correction and sensitive analysis, 9 robust causative associations between 7 metabolites (e.g., arginine, kynurenine, and isovalerylcarnitine) and 5 OA phenotypes were finally identified. Additionally, eleven significant metabolic pathways in 4 OA phenotypes were identified by metabolic pathway analysis.

Conclusion
The finding of our study suggested that identified metabolites and metabolic pathways can be considered useful circulating metabolic biomarkers for OA screening and prevention in clinical practice, and can also serve as candidate molecules for future mechanism exploration and drug target selection.
Single-cell analysis of adult human heart across healthy and cardiovascular disease patients reveals the cellular landscape underlying SARS-CoV-2 invasion of myocardial tissue through ACE2
Authors: Chen Cong , Wang Jie , Liu Yong-Mei , Hu Jun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The distribution of ACE2 and accessory proteases (ANAD17 and CTSL) in cardiovascular tissue and the host cell receptor binding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are crucial to understanding the virus’s cell invasion, which may play a significant role in determining the viral tropism and its clinical manifestations.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the cell type-specific expression of ACE2, ADAM17, and CTSL in myocardial tissue from 10 patients using RNA sequencing. Our study included a meta-analysis of 2 heart single-cell RNA-sequencing studies with a total of 90,024 cells from 250 heart samples of 10 individuals. We used co-expression analysis to locate specific cell types that SARS-CoV-2 may invade.

Results
Our results revealed cell-type specific associations between male gender and the expression levels of ACE2, ADAM17, and CTSL, including pericytes and fibroblasts. AGT, CALM3, PCSK5, NRP1, and LMAN were identified as potential accessory proteases that might facilitate viral invasion. Enrichment analysis highlighted the extracellular matrix interaction pathway, adherent plaque pathway, vascular smooth muscle contraction inflammatory response, and oxidative stress as potential immune pathways involved in viral infection, providing potential molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. We also found specific high expression of IFITM3 and AGT in pericytes and differences in the IFN-II signaling pathway and PAR signaling pathway in fibroblasts from different cardiovascular comorbidities.

Conclusions
Our data indicated possible high-risk groups for COVID-19 and provided emerging avenues for future investigations of its pathogenesis.

Trial registration

(Not applicable).
Differences between leukemic arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Torres Jimenez Alfonso Ragnar , Solis Vallejo Eunice , Cespedes Cruz Adriana Ivonne , Ramirez Miramontes Julia Veronica , Cortina Olvera Guadalupe del Consuelo , Velazquez Cruz Alejandra , Sanchez Jara Berenice 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To determine the clinical and laboratory differences between leukemic arthritis (LA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) at the onset of the disease.

Material and methods
Patients under 16 years of age, both genders, who presented for the first time to the pediatric rheumatology service with a diagnosis of probable JIA, with arthritis and without peripheral blood blasts, in which the final diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or JIA. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients were compared, chi-square and relative risk were used for categorical variables, and the Mann–Whitney U and T-test for the comparison of means between groups. A binary logistic regression model was developed to differentiate leukemic arthritis from JIA.

Results
A total of 76 patients, 14 with LA and 62 with JIA, were analyzed. The mean age at diagnosis was lower in the leukemic arthritis group, the female gender prevailed in the JIA group, and the time to onset of symptoms was lower in the leukemic arthritis group. Patients with leukemic arthritis showed increased pain intensity, fever, weight loss, nocturnal diaphoresis, lymph node enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly, and pain that did not improve with analgesic administration. Laboratory parameters with statistical significance were the presence of anemia, leukopenia, and neutropenia. The platelet count was significant but in a low normal value, compared to the JIA. A binary logistic regression model was developed to differentiate leukemic arthritis from JIA. The probability associated with the statistic (Chi-square) was 0.000, and the Cox and Snell R2 and Nagelkerke R2 values were 0.615 and 1, respectively. The developed model correctly classified 100% of the cases.

Conclusions
The diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia should be ruled out in patients who present with arthritis and hematological alterations, mainly leukopenia and neutropenia, with joint pain disproportionate to the degree of arthritis, predominantly at night and that does not improve with the use of analgesics, fever, lymph nodes, and hepatosplenomegaly. Criteria are suggested to differentiate both diseases.
B cell treatment promotes a neuroprotective microenvironment after traumatic brain injury through reciprocal immunomodulation with infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells
Authors: Dwyer Liam J. , Maheshwari Saumya , Levy Emily , Poznansky Mark C. , Whalen Michael J. , Sîrbulescu Ruxandra F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and severe disability worldwide. We found previously that treatment with exogenous naïve B cells was associated with structural and functional neuroprotection after TBI. Here, we used a mouse model of unilateral controlled cortical contusion TBI to investigate cellular mechanisms of immunomodulation associated with intraparenchymal delivery of mature naïve B lymphocytes at the time of injury. Exogenous B cells showed a complex time-dependent response in the injury microenvironment, including significantly increased expression of IL-10, IL-35, and TGFβ, but also IL-2, IL-6, and TNFα. After 10 days in situ, B cell subsets expressing IL-10 or TGFβ dominated. Immune infiltration into the injury predominantly comprised myeloid cells, and B cell treatment did not alter overall numbers of infiltrating cells. In the presence of B cells, significantly more infiltrating myeloid cells produced IL-10, TGFβ, and IL-35, and fewer produced TNFα, interferon-γ and IL-6 as compared to controls, up to 2 months post-TBI. B cell treatment significantly increased the proportion of CD206+ infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and reduced the relative proportion of activated microglia starting at 4 days and up to 2 months post-injury. Ablation of peripheral monocytes with clodronate liposomes showed that infiltrating peripheral monocytes/macrophages are required for inducing the regulatory phenotype in exogenous B cells. Reciprocally, B cells specifically reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines in infiltrating Ly6C+ monocytes/macrophages. These data support the hypothesis that peripheral myeloid cells, particularly infiltrating monocyte/macrophages, are key mediators of the neuroprotective immunomodulatory effects observed after B cell treatment.
Image-based plant wilting estimation
Authors: Yang Changye , Baireddy Sriram , Méline Valérian , Cai Enyu , Caldwell Denise , Iyer-Pascuzzi Anjali S. , Delp Edward J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Environmental stress due to climate or pathogens is a major threat to modern agriculture. Plant genetic resistance to these stresses is one way to develop more resilient crops, but accurately quantifying plant phenotypic responses can be challenging. Here we develop and test a set of metrics to quantify plant wilting, which can occur in response to abiotic stress such as heat or drought, or in response to biotic stress caused by pathogenic microbes. These metrics can be useful in genomic studies to identify genes and genomic regions underlying plant resistance to a given stress.

Results
We use two datasets: one of tomatoes inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum, a soilborne pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease, and another of soybeans exposed to water stress. For both tomato and soybean, the metrics predict the visual wilting score provided by human experts. Specific to the tomato dataset, we demonstrate that our metrics can capture the genetic difference of bacterium wilt resistance among resistant and susceptible tomato genotypes. In soybean, we show that our metrics can capture the effect of water stress.

Conclusion
Our proposed RGB image-based wilting metrics can be useful for identifying plant wilting caused by diverse stresses in different plant species.
Chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer: the choice of treatment modality
Authors: Kitti Pauliina M. , Faltinova Maria , Kauppi Juha , Räsänen Jari , Saarto Tiina , Seppälä Tiina , Anttonen Anu M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Locally advanced oesophageal cancer can be treated with definitive chemoradiation (dCRT) or with neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery (nCRT + S), but treatment modality choice is not always clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the choice of treatment modality in locally advanced oesophageal cancer.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of 149 patients treated with dCRT(n = 85) or nCRT + S (n = 64) for oesophageal cancer in Helsinki University Hospital in 2008–2018. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with choice of treatment modality and to compare dosimetric factors with postoperative complications. Multivariate analyses identified factors associated with survival.

Results
Surgery was performed after chemoradiation as planned on 64/91 patients (70%). 28/64 had pathological complete response (44%). Probability of nCRT + S was higher in stages I-III versus IV (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.53–8.53; P = .003), ECOG 0–1 versus 2 (OR 6.99, 95% CI 1.81–26.96; P = .005) or in the middle/lower vs upper oesophageal tumours (OR 5.61, 95% CI 1.83–17.16, P = .003). Probability for surgery was lower, if patient had lost > 10% of body weight (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21–0.98, P = 0.043). Patients in the nCRT + S group had significantly better median overall survival (mOS) and local control than the dCRT group (60 vs. 10 months, P < .001 and 53 vs. 6 months, P < 0.0001, respectively). 10/85 (12%) patients died within three months after dCRT. In multivariate analysis, nCRT + S was associated with improved mOS (HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.17–0.44, P < .001). Current smokers had worse mOS (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.04–3.92, P = .037) compared to never-smokers. No significant dosimetric factor associated with postoperative complications was found.

Conclusion
The overall clinical status of the patients and the stage of the cancer guide the choice of treatment modalities, leading to overtreatment. Patients with better prognoses were more likely operated after chemoradiation, although there is no evidence of OS benefit in previous randomized trials. On the other hand, the prognosis was poor for patients with poor general health and advanced cancers, despite the chemoradiation. Thus, there are signs of overtreatment. MDT practice should be recommended to optimise the choice of treatment modalities. Smoking status is an independent factor associated with survival.
New insights in the genetic variant spectrum of SLC34A2 in pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis; a systematic review
Authors: Jönsson Åsa Lina M. , Hilberg Ole , Simonsen Ulf , Christensen Jane Hvarregaard , Bendstrup Elisabeth 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare autosomal recessive lung disease caused by variants in theSLC34A2gene encoding the sodium-dependent phosphate transport protein 2B, NaPi-2b. PAM is characterized by deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the alveoli. Onset and clinical course vary considerably; some patients remain asymptomatic while others develop severe respiratory failure with a significant symptom burden and compromised survival. It is likely that PAM is under-reported due to lack of recognition, misdiagnosis, and mild clinical presentation. Most patients are genetically uncharacterized as the diagnostic confirmation of PAM has traditionally not included a genetic analysis. Genetic testing may in the future be the preferred tool for diagnostics instead of invasive methods. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the growing knowledge of PAM genetics. Rare variants inSLC34A2are found in almost all genetically tested patients. So far, 34 allelic variants have been identified in at least 68 patients. A majority of these are present in the homozygous state; however, a few are found in the compound heterozygous form. Most of the allelic variants involve only a single nucleotide. Half of the variants are either nonsense or frameshifts, resulting in premature termination of the protein or decay of the mRNA. There is currently no cure for PAM, and the only effective treatment is lung transplantation. Management is mainly symptomatic, but an improved understanding of the underlying pathophysiology will hopefully result in development of targeted treatment options. More standardized data on PAM patients, including a genetic diagnosis covering larger international populations, would support the design and implementation of clinical studies to the benefit of patients. Further genetic characterization and understanding of how the molecular changes influence disease phenotype will hopefully allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the future.
Maternal mosaicism in SSBP1 causing optic atrophy with retinal degeneration: implications for genetic counseling
Authors: Chang Yin-Hsi , Kang Eugene Yu-Chuan , Liu Laura , Jenny Laura A. , Khang Rin , Seo Go Hun , Lee Hane , Chen Kuan-Jen , Wu Wei-Chi , Hsiao Meng-Chang , Wang Nan-Kai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Optic atrophy-13 with retinal and foveal abnormalities (OPA13) (MIM #165510) is a mitochondrial disease in which apparent bilateral optic atrophy is present and sometimes followed by retinal pigmentary changes or photoreceptors degeneration. OPA13 is caused by heterozygous mutation in the SSBP1 gene, associated with variable mitochondrial dysfunctions.

Results
We have previously reported a 16-year-old Taiwanese male diagnosed with OPA13 and SSBP1 variant c.320G>A (p.Arg107Gln) was identified by whole exon sequence (WES). This variant was assumed to be de novo since his parents were clinically unaffected. However, WES and Sanger sequencing further revealed the proband’s unaffected mother carrying the same SSBP1 variant with a 13% variant allele frequency (VAF) in her peripheral blood. That finding strongly indicates the maternal gonosomal mosaicism contributing to OPA13, which has not been reported before.

Conclusions
In summary, we described the first case of OPA13 caused by maternal gonosomal mosaicism in SSBP1. Parental mosaicism could be a serious issue in OPA13 diagnosis, and appropriate genetic counseling should be considered.