bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glomerular mTORC1 activation was associated with podocytes to endothelial cells communication in lupus nephritis
Authors: Liu Xiaotian , Mao Zhaomin , Yuan Mo , Li Linlin , Tan Ying , Qu Zhen , Chen Min , Yu Feng 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis study was initiated to evaluate the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway involved in renal endothelial-podocyte crosstalk in patients with lupus nephritis (LN).MethodsWe compared the kidney protein expression patterns of 10 patients with LN with severe endothelial-podocyte injury and 3 patients with non-severe endothelial-podocyte injury on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney tissues using label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for quantitative proteomics analysis. Podocyte injury was graded by foot process width (FPW). The severe group was referred to patients with both glomerular endocapillary hypercellularity and FPW >1240 nm. The non-severe group included patients with normal endothelial capillaries and FPW in the range of 619~1240 nm. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses were performed based on the protein intensity levels of differentially expressed proteins in each patient. An enriched mTOR pathway was selected, and the activation of mTOR complexes in renal biopsied specimens was further verified in 176 patients with LN.ResultsCompared with those of the non-severe group, 230 proteins were upregulated and 54 proteins were downregulated in the severe group. Furthermore, GO enrichment analysis showed enrichment in the ‘positive regulation of mTOR signalling’ pathway. The glomerular activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) was significantly increased in the severe group compared with the non-severe group (p=0.034), and mTORC1 was located in podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Glomerular activation of mTORC1 was positively correlated with endocapillary hypercellularity (r=0.289, p<0.001) and significantly increased in patients with both endocapillary hypercellularity and FPW >1240 nm (p<0.001).ConclusionsGlomerular mTORC1 was highly activated in patients with both glomerular endocapillary hypercellularity and podocyte injury, which might be involved in podocytes to endothelial cells communication in lupus nephritis.
Differential analysis and genome-wide association analysis of stomata density of maize inbred lines leaves at ear position
Authors: Jin Yu , Wang Jinglu , Zhang Ying , Zhao Yanxin , Lu Xianju , Wen Weiliang , Liu Xiang , Guo Xinyu , Zhao Chunjiang 
Published: May 2023

The stomatal complex on the surface of maize leaves is closely related to photosynthesis and transpiration, and the study of maize stomatal phenotypes and the discovery of their regulatory genes are of great importance for the breeding of high-quality and high-yielding maize. In this study, rapid scanning electron microscopy was used to obtain images of the abaxial stomata of 457 maize inbred lines with extensive genetic variation, and stomata density was obtained by counting. The results of correlation showed that stomata density was significantly correlated with leaf width, and Analysis of variance found that there were significant differences ( P value < 0.05) in stomata density among different leaf width and 100-grain weight. The highest stomata density was found in the inbred lines with wide and short leaves and higher 100-grain weight. Furthermore, genome-wide association analysis was performed using a mixed linear model. It showed that eight SNPs significantly associated with stomata density were obtained, which could explain 35.507% of the phenotypic variation. Among these, four SNPs on chromosome 5 were tightly linked, mainly formatting two haplotypes, CTTA (0.636) and TCCG (0.330). Twelve genes with functional annotation were identified within 100 kb upstream and downstream of the eight SNPs. One gene, GRMZM2G068277, which had been shown to be involved in plant mitotic processes and exhibited high expression at the leaf base, was therefore the most likely candidate gene for stomata density. The results presented here could provide references for further cloning of functional genes related to stomata density.
Towards the development of a polymer-based assembly for cryogenic detectors for neutrino-less double beta decay
Authors: Biassoni Matteo , Brofferio Chiara , Faverzani Marco , Ferri Elena , Nutini Irene , Pettinacci Valerio , Pozzi Stefano , Ghislandi Stefano , Quitadamo Simone 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCryogenic single-particle detectors are devices, operated close to absolute zero, widely used in current and future generation detectors for the search for rare particle physics processes, for example neutrino-less double beta decay. Traditionally, these detectors are assembled in copper structures inside dilution refrigerators. The use of copper, however, is expected to become a limiting factor on the path towards the background reduction needed for future generation projects. Its high density and large Z make it an effective target where gamma-rays produced by radioactive contaminants can lose part of their energy undetected, and subsequently be measured as sensitivity-spoiling spurious signals in the region of interest of the energy spectrum. We present here a new method of building assemblies for kg-scale cryogenic single particle detectors based on low Z, low density additive manufacturing-compatible polymers that can in the future be doped with scintillating compounds thus making them an active component of the experimental setup. Additive manufacturing overcomes the limitations, imposed by traditional techniques, in the design of the structures. The assembly geometry can therefore be driven by the combined needs for reduction of mass and optimization of light production and collection. The experimental setup and the performance of the detectors in terms of energy resolution and temperature stability are described.
Rodinia palaeogeography: Laurentia as the geological ‘Key’
Authors: Dalziel Ian W. D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Laurentia, core of the North American continent, is surrounded by Neoproterozoic to Cambrian rifted margins. This led to early suggestions that it was located within a Neoproterozoic supercontinent, Rodinia. Recent models of Precambrian palaeogeographical development also point to a ‘Laurentia-centric’ Rodinian supercontinent. Before plate tectonics, the geometry of continental margins, comparison of cratonic interiors and sedimentary covers, and orogenic piercing points were employed to postulate the geography of Phanerozoic Pangaea. Marine studies have subsequently demonstrated that the results were remarkably accurate. Absent
in situ
Precambrian oceanic crust, the same lines of evidence are employed here to reconstruct Rodinia, together with others unavailable at that time. A strong case can be made for the former juxtaposition of the Pacific margins of Laurentia and East Antarctica–Australia approximately as proposed in the 1990s, even though the precise match remains elusive. The Atlantic margin is likely to have rifted from Baltica, Amazonia and other South American cratons along the Grenvillian orogenic suture in the early Paleozoic, although the suture itself makes accurate reconstruction difficult. A piercing point and ‘tectonic tracer’ can be used to position the Kalahari craton and Coats Land crustal block of Antarctica off the present southern margin of Laurentia and contemporaneous large igneous provinces point to Siberia being located off the Arctic margin. Hence Laurentia does appear to be the ‘Key’ to Rodinian palaeogeography even though the exact geometric fit to its surrounding cratons remains to be refined.
Clinical Outcomes of Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Falls or Head Injury: Insights From RE-LY
Authors: Caldeira Daniel , Alves da Silva Pedro , Pinto Fausto J. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Falls are always a concern regarding the balance of risk/benefit in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with anticoagulants. In this analysis, we aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients that had a fall/head injury reported in the RE-LY clinical trial (Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy) and to explore the safety of dabigatran (a nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant).

Methods:
We performed a post hoc retrospective analysis of intracranial hemorrhage and major bleeding outcomes in the RE-LY trial with 18 113 individuals with atrial fibrillation, according to the status occurrence of falls (or head injury) reported as adverse events. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to provide adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI.

Results:
In the study, 974 falls or head injury events were reported among 716 patients (4%). These patients were older and had more frequently comorbidities such as diabetes, previous stroke, or coronary artery disease. Patients with fall had a higher risk of major bleeding (HR, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.90–3.05]), intracranial hemorrhage (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.35–2.13]), and mortality (HR, 3.91 [95% CI, 2.51–6.10]) compared to those who did not have reported falls or head injury. Among patients who had falls, those allocated to dabigatran showed a lower intracranial hemorrhage risk (HR, 0.42 [95% CI, 0.18–0.98]) compared with warfarin.

Conclusions:
In this population, the risk of falls is important and confers a worse prognosis, increasing intracranial hemorrhage, and major bleeding. Patients who fell and were under dabigatran was associated with lower intracranial hemorrhage risk than those anticoagulated with warfarin, but the analysis was merely exploratory.
The Territorial Principle as a Basis for State Criminal Jurisdiction: Particularly with Regard to Cross-Border Offences and Attempts, and to Multiple Parties to an Offence Acting in Different Countries
Authors: Payer Andrés 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this article is to explore the scope of the territorial principle under (customary) international law, with a particular focus on cases of cross-border offences and attempts, and multiple parties to an offence acting in different countries. Our analysis will begin with an examination of the foundations and limits of state criminal jurisdiction and the territorial principle in general. In this context, we will also discuss the justification of this principle vis-à-vis other states and its relationship to other jurisdictional principles. In order to determine the pertinent contours of customary international law, we will use an approach that is both inductive and deductive, and, as such, involves the reporting on and analysis of relevant state practice.
Whose ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’?
Authors: Musapir  
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article explores the alienating effects of ‘Intangible Cultural Heritage’ (ICH) (Ch.: fei wuzhi wenhua yichan 非物质文化遗产; Uy.: gheyri maddi medeniyet mirasliri) discourse on Uyghur villagers, particularly Uyghur knowledge-holders. Since China became a signatory to UNESCO’s ICH convention in 2004, the ICH framework has provided opportunities for people in China to protect and profit from their heritage. But it has also been used to further Chinese state nation-building in ways that do not meaningfully include the grassroots knowledge and holistic practices of Indigenous communities. In the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), top-down ICH policies have been implemented in tandem with increasingly repressive security policies and anti-extremism discourse. In this environment, authorised ICH discourse, which defines the nature, value and management of ICH, has marginalised and distanced Uyghur knowledge-holders from the heritage that they embody, contributing to the profound transformation of the Uyghur way of life.
Russia’s Ethnic Minority Casualties of the 2022 Invasion of Ukraine
Authors: Vyushkova Mariya , Sherkhonov Evgeny 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Free Buryatia Foundation is Russia’s first ethnic anti-war advocacy group founded in the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. One of the major parts of our work is analysis of open-source data on the participation of Russia’s ethnic minorites (including Buryats) in the war in Ukraine. In this paper, we discuss ethnic disproportions in the confirmed Russian-side casualties of the war in Ukraine where such ethnicities as Buryats, Kazakhs, and Tuvans are clearly over-represented.
Russia’s Invasions
Authors: Yangulbaev Abubakar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The paper provides a discussion of various aspects of Chechen relation to the war in Ukraine, including oppositional voices as well as discourses and actions of those supporting the Russian position. The article compares and contrasts the war in Ukraine with the two wars Russia waged against Chechnya in 1994 and 1999. Commenting on the war in Ukraine, the author focuses on the phenomenon of the ‘Kadyrovites’ (Chechen auxiliary troops fighting on the Russian side) on the one hand and Chechen units fighting on the Ukrainian side on the other. It is argued that the silence of the international community in the Chechen war afforded Russia a sense of impunity, thus reinforcing its reckless military strategies.
Continental Constitutionalism, Systemic Legitimacy, and Judicial Review
Authors: Iglesias Vila Marisa 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article elaborates on the justification and legitimacy of judicial review in continental constitutionalism. After the Second World War, continental constitutionalism shifted from a Kelsenian conception of constitutional courts to a strong model of judicial review whose legitimacy requires maintaining distance both from the U.S. model built around checks and balances and from the model embodied by the New Commonwealth constitutionalism. I suggest that the legitimacy of continental judicial review should not depend on the degree to which it resists the countermajoritarian objection, but rather that it should follow a logic of protective efficacy that takes a systemic perspective. On this basis, I propose coordinating judicial review in terms of a weak form of constitutionalism that I call “cooperative constitutionalism”, whose three main axes are: a democratic culture of justification, a conception of fundamental rights as qualified mandatory goals and a systemic approach to the proportionality test.
Assisted Suicide in Italy: Navigating the Frontiers of “Legitimate Medicine”
Authors: Madera Adelaide 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The unrestrainable evolution of medical science and technology is drastically changing healthcare, enabling new medical procedures and remedies, which are increasingly intertwined with moral principles. Although a uniform European approach to assisted suicide is lacking, a common trend is developing: the boundary between euthanasia, assisted suicide, and end-of-life care on one hand, and the frontiers of “legitimate medicine”, on the other are becoming increasingly blurred, emphasizing the polarization between secular and religious narratives.
In Italy, ruling no. 242/2019 of the Constitutional Court declared the partial unconstitutionality of Article 580 of the Italian Criminal Code, which prohibits assistance in suicide.
The present paper analyzes the legal regime of assisted dying in Italy, the role of the rule of law, the religious influence on political decision making, and investigates current legal challenges and potential future legal tracks.
Longwave Radiative Effects beyond the Initial Intensification Phase of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Dai Yi , Torn Margaret S. , Williams Ian N. , Collins William D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The effects of longwave radiation on tropical cyclone intensification, with an emphasis on the mature stage, are explored in an idealized modeling framework. Results show that although the cloud-radiative effect aids in early intensification of the vortex, it does not promote increase in the maximum tangential wind (Vmax) and could even reduce Vmax at the mature stage. At later stages, maximum radiative heating is located outside the eyewall and promotes convection there, and the secondary circulation encourages convergence of absolute angular momentum outside the eyewall instead of near the eyewall region, based on a budget analysis. Clear-sky radiative cooling helps invigorate domainwide convection, also limiting the Vmax increase at later stages. The area-averaged frozen moist static energy (FMSE) variance increases even though Vmax decreases. In this sense, the FMSE variance is similar to the monotonically growing integrated kinetic energy, and is more indicative of the system-scale strength than of Vmax. Sensitivity experiments are performed with random initial perturbations and varied initial soundings. An axisymmetric model with a 10-member ensemble not only confirms the results from three-dimensional simulations, but also demonstrates that the weak radiative heating outside the eyewall is indeed able to slow down Vmax within 1 day.
Impacts of Oceanic Mesoscale Structures on Sea Surface Temperature in the Arabian Sea and Indian Summer Monsoon Revealed by Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Yamagami Yoko , Tatebe Hiroaki , Kataoka Takahito , Suzuki Tatsuo , Watanabe Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Climate models typically have a cold sea surface temperature (SST) bias for the Arabian Sea, which regulates the Indian monsoon system as a water vapor source. Since the SST for the Arabian Sea is critical for the Indian monsoon, a better understanding of the processes that affect the SST is required. In this study, the effects of mesoscale oceanic variability on simulations of the Arabian Sea SST and Indian summer monsoon precipitation were investigated based on a comparison of climate model experiments in which non-eddying and eddy-permitting ocean components are coupled. In the eddy-permitting model, warm water advection driven by mesoscale variability near the Gulf of Aden and the Gulf of Oman increases the SST in the western Arabian Sea. Lateral eddy heat transport enhances warm water outflows to the Arabian Sea and suppresses surface water cooling by coastal upwelling during the southwestern monsoon season. Furthermore, a sensitivity experiment shows the primary importance of resolving oceanic mesoscale eddies and the secondary importance of resolving the Persian Gulf and Red Sea for the Arabian Sea SST. Also, the summer monsoonal precipitation decreases (increases) over the southeastern Arabian Sea (western and northern India) in the eddy-permitting model due to enhancement of wind convergence in the lower troposphere. Atmospheric general circulation model experiments indicate that the precipitation difference is partly caused by SST changes over the western Arabian Sea. The findings imply that the ocean resolution of climate models is a key factor in efficiently simulating the Indian monsoon.
Two-Way Nesting in a Split-Implicit Ocean Model: NCOM
Authors: Yu Jie , Blain Cheryl Ann , Martin Paul J. , Campbell Tim J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Presented is the approach, implementation, and evaluation of two-way nesting in a split-implicit ocean model, the Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM). Emphasis is on the strategies applied to feed back fields from the fine-mesh nest (child grid) to the coarse mesh (parent grid). On an appropriate separation of dynamic and feedback interfaces, attention is especially needed for the feedback interface of surface elevation. One particular issue addressed is the inconsistency between the 3D baroclinic velocities and 2D barotropic transports in the feedback. The discrepancy is inherently associated with bathymetry, depth integration, and the need to average over spatial grid points. A simple remedy is proposed and proven to be effective and necessary in realistic coastal applications. In addition to the full two-way nesting, a simplified two-way nesting approach is provided in which only the temperature and salinity are fed back from the nest, and the velocity fields are assumed to self-adjust according to the geostrophic balance. The performance of both approaches is evaluated using the idealized benchmark, propagation of a baroclinic vortex, and an application to the Mississippi River outflow in the northeast Gulf of Mexico, including a comparison with available observations. Discussions are also made on the computational efficiency of the two-way nesting and its sensitivity to the open boundary conditions in regard to noise suppression.

Significance Statement
The two-way nesting approach reported here can be adapted to other structured-grid ocean models, in particular those using the split-implicit technique. The treatment of the feedback interface for surface elevation is especially important for suppressing the noise production and improving the feedback consistency. An effective procedure is given to amend the inconsistency in the velocity field feedback that is inherently due to bathymetry.
Lateral Compartment Syndrome From Inversion Injury
Authors: Petrochko Jameson M. , Ullrich Lauryn A. 
Published: May 2023

A 17-year-old male presented for the evaluation of right calf pain after an inversion ankle sprain sustained while playing soccer 24 hours prior. On exam, he exhibited swelling and tenderness to palpation over his right calf, mild first web space numbness, and compartment pressures <30 mmHg. Magnetic resonance imaging was significant for findings of lateral compartment syndrome (CS). Upon admission, his exam worsened, prompting an anterior and lateral compartment fasciotomy. Intraoperative findings were significant for lateral CS, with findings of avulsed, nonviable muscle with associated hematoma. Postoperatively the patient had mild foot drop, which improved with physical therapy. Lateral CS rarely develops from an inversion ankle sprain. This presentation of CS is unique due to its mechanism, delayed clinical presentation, and limited signs of CS. Providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for CS in patients with this injury complex and continued pain beyond 24 hours without signs of ligamentous injury.
An Analysis of the Timing for Closure of a Diverting Loop Ileostomy
Authors: Hussein Nadia L. , Stevenson Autumn P. , Lawton Catherine F. , Elmayan Ardem , Hillis Emma E. , Burton Jeffrey H. , Fuhrman George 
Published: May 2023

A diverting loop ileostomy (DLI) is used to protect a distal gastrointestinal anastomosis at risk of leakage. While patients typically prefer early DLI closure, surgeons vary in opinion regarding optimal timing. This study evaluated whether the timing of DLI closure impacts outcomes. A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent DLI creation within one health care system between 2012 and 2020. Patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared across ileostomies closed in ≤2 months, 2-4 months, and >4 months. Outcomes examined included anastomotic leak, other complications, reintervention, and death within 30 days. A total of 500 DLIs were analyzed for the study, 455 of which were closed. The three closure groups were similar in patient characteristics and comorbidities. None of the outcome variables analyzed in this study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between groups, suggesting that in patients otherwise fit for surgery, DLI closure can be safely performed within 2 months of creation.