bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent outbreak of dengue in Bangladesh: A threat to public health
Authors: Bhowmik Khokon Kanti , Ferdous Jannatul , Baral Prodip Kumar , Islam Mohammad Safiqul 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe dengue virus is widespread throughout Bangladesh and significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. One effective method for preventing further dengue epidemics is to reduce mosquito breeding at the most opportune period each year. This study aims to determine dengue prevalence in 2022 by comparing previous years' data and estimating the period of this disease's most significant incidence.MethodsFrom the beginning of 2008–December 15, 2022, we looked at the monthly reports of cases made to the Bangladesh Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control, and Research.ResultsAccording to our findings, there were 61089 confirmed dengue cases in 2022, with 269 fatalities ‐ the highest annual death toll for this disease since 2000. Almost one‐third (32.14%) of all dengue deaths in Bangladesh occurred in 2022 (1 January–15 December), highlighting the severity of the threat posed by this disease in the coming year. Furthermore, we observe that the months in the second half of any year in Bangladesh are the most at risk for dengue transmission. In 2022, Dhaka city and Chittagong are hit the hardest (incidence: 63.07% vs. 14.42%; morality: 63.34% vs. 24.16%), showing the relevance of population density in spreading this fatal disease.ConclusionStatistics show an increase in dengue cases every day, and the year 2022 will be marked as the peak of the disease's death prevalence. Both the individuals and the government of Bangladesh need to take action to reduce the dissemination of this epidemic. If not, the country will soon be in great peril.
Experimental study of thermal performance improvement in a cross‐flow heat exchanger by using copper foam
Authors: Hassan Ahmed M. , Alwan Adil Abbas , Hamzah Hameed K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this study, copper foam was used as a porous medium in place of traditional aluminum fins. A comparison between the two heat exchangers—one with fins and the other with copper foam—was conducted under various conditions. The air inlet velocity ranged from 0.9 to 9.3 m/s, and the water inlet temperature ranged from 10°C to 18°C. Different water flow rates were tested. A comparison was made between the performance of copper foam and aluminum fins by calculating several parameters, including thermal resistance, heat exchanger effectiveness, Colburn factor, Nusselt number, friction factor, and area goodness factor (AG). The experimental results showed that at low air velocities, the heat transfer coefficient for both types of heat exchangers was almost equal. However, at high air velocities, the copper foam exhibited a higher heat transfer coefficient. The Colburn factor was higher for the heat exchanger with copper foam than in the conventional fins, where it was equal to 0.1959 for the copper foam and 0.1186 for the fins. On the other hand, the AG was higher in the case of fins than in the heat exchanger with copper foam.
Intra‐event concentration–discharge relationships affected by hydrological connectivity in a karst catchment
Authors: Hao Liu , Zhang Zhicai , Chen Xi , Cheng Qinbo , Li Siliang , Yue Fujun , Peng Tao , Zhang Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConcentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationship in streamflow provides insights into hydrological transport at the catchment scale. Changes in hydrological connectivity during runoff events often dominate flood and solute export in the karst catchment. However, only few studies have explored intra‐event C‐Q relationships and how they are affected by hydrological connectivity in karst catchment. In this study, we explored the intra‐event C‐Q relationships in underground channel flows by integrating solute concentration, discharge and modelled flow age in a 1.25 km2 karst catchment in southwest China. We apply piecewise functions to characterize the C‐Q relationships on rising and falling limbs of hydrograph. Geogenic solutes exhibited dilution C‐Q patterns during the runoff event, which could be fitted by two power‐law models with different coefficients on rising and falling limbs. Affected by the strong hydrological connectivity between surface and subsurface, hillslope and depression, a steeper C‐Q slope on the rising limb indicated an exhaustible, proximal source, that is, groundwater. In contrast, the C‐Q patterns of the soil enriched solutes changed from enrichment to dilution during the runoff event. The enrichment pattern occurring at the early of rising limb was caused by strong hydrological connectivity between the surface and subsurface, which indicated a distal and plentiful sources of soil water. Whilst the strong hydrological connectivity between hillslope and depression caused a dilution pattern at the latter of rising limb. On the falling limb of hydrograph, a dilution pattern implied that the small fractures could be another source zone of soil‐enriched solutes in addition to soil layer in the depression. The C‐Q behaviours of soil‐enriched solutes can be fitted by a combination of a parabola model and a power law model for rising and falling limbs, respectively. The current study highlights the variations in intra‐event C‐Q relationships of different solutes affected by hydrological connectivity in the karst catchment. Which is crucial for assession of hydrochemical processes and fertilization management in this area.
Field observation and mathematical representation of the hydrogeological function of alpine landforms in the Canadian Rockies
Authors: He Jesse , Hayashi Masaki 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGroundwater discharge sustains the baseflow of alpine headwater streams, which is critical for water supply and aquatic environments in mountainous regions. Periglacial landforms typical of alpine headwaters (e.g., talus, moraine, rock glacier, alpine meadows) are important aquifers in alpine watersheds. This study examines the hydrological function of an alpine aquifer complex in a small headwater basin in the Canadian Rockies. The aquifer complex consisting of talus, alpine meadow underlain by a bedrock depression, and recessional moraine provided essentially all baseflow of a 6.5 km2 watershed, even though the upper sub‐watershed containing the aquifer complex occupies only 14% of the watershed. Chemical and isotopic signatures indicated that the recessional moraine serves as a gatekeeper of the upper sub‐watershed, whereby it integrates groundwater components from multiple aquifers and controls the discharge from the outlet springs. Field observation of discharge and the water table in the moraine aquifer showed a nonlinear groundwater storage‐discharge relationship. Numerical groundwater flow models of the upper sub‐watershed showed that the transmissivity feedback resulting from a decrease in hydraulic conductivity with depth was essential for determining the nonlinear storage‐discharge relationship. A simple exponential function was proposed to represent the observed groundwater storage‐discharge relationship, which can be implemented within large‐scale hydrological models to simulate baseflow coming out of alpine headwater regions.
Long noncoding RNA antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus inhibition alleviates airway remodeling in asthma through the regulation of the microRNA‐7‐5p/early growth response factor 3 axis
Authors: Wang Liyan , Liu Xueru 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAsthma, a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, clinically manifests as airway remodeling. The purpose of this study was to probe the potential role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense noncoding RNA in the INK4 locus (lncRNA ANRIL) in the proliferation and migration of airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) and to explore its potential mechanisms in asthma. Serum samples were obtained from 30 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with asthma. Additionally, platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB) was used to induce airway remodeling in ASMCs. The level of lncRNA ANRIL and microRNA (miR)‐7‐5p in serum samples were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). TargetScan predicted the binding site of miR‐7‐5p to early growth response factor 3 (EGR3) and validated the results using a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Transwell assays were used to detect cellular proliferation and migration, respectively. Subsequently, changes in proliferation‐ and migration‐related genes were verified using western blot analysis and qRT‐PCR. These results indicate that lncRNA ANRIL was upregulated in the serum and PDGF‐BB‐induced ASMCs of patients with asthma, whereas miR‐7‐5p expression was reduced. EGR3 was a direct target of miR‐7‐5p. LncRNA ANRIL silencing inhibited the proliferation or migration of ASMCs induced by PDGF‐BB through miR‐7‐5p upregulation. Mechanistic studies indicated that miR‐7‐5p inhibits the proliferation or migration of PDGF‐BB‐induced ASMCs by decreasing EGR3 expression. EGR3 upregulation reverses the role of miR‐7‐5p in airway remodeling. Thus, downregulation of lncRNA ANRIL inhibits airway remodeling through inhibiting the proliferation and migration of PDGF‐BB‐induced ASMCs by regulating miR‐7‐5p/EGR3 signaling.
Acinetobacter baumannii outer membrane protein A induces autophagy in bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells involving the PI3K/mTOR pathway
Authors: Tan Hongyi , Cao Liyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOuter membrane protein A (OmpA) is the major virulence factor of Acinetobacter baumannii and plays a wide role in the pathogenesis and antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most effective antigen‐presenting cells and play a crucial role in regulating the immune response to multiple antigens and immune sentries. We aimed to study the role and molecular mechanisms of OmpA‐induced mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) autophagy in the immune response of A. baumannii.MethodsFirst, purified A. baumannii OmpA was assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and western blot. OmpA effect on BMDCs viability was evaluated by MTT assay. BMDCs were pretreated with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine or transfected with overexpression plasmids (oe‐NC or oe‐PI3K). Then BMDCs apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, protein kinase B (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and autophagy‐related factors levels were evaluated.ResultsSDS‐PAGE and western blot verified the successful purification of OmpA. BMDCs viability repressed gradually with the increase of OmpA concentration. OmpA treatment of BMDCs led to apoptosis and inflammation in BMDCs. OmpA caused incomplete autophagy in BMDCs, and light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin1, P62, and LC3II/I levels were significantly elevated with the increase of the time and concentration of OmpA treatment. Chloroquine reversed OmpA effects on autophagy in BMDCs, that was, LC3, Beclin1, and LC3II/I levels were reduced, while P62 level was elevated. Furthermore, chloroquine reversed OmpA effects on apoptosis and inflammation in BMDCs. PI3K/mTOR pathway‐related factor expression was affected by OmpA treatment of BMDCs. After overexpression of PI3K, these effects were reversed.ConclusionsA. baumannii OmpA induced autophagy in BMDCs involving the PI3K/mTOR pathway. Our study may provide a novel therapeutic target and theoretical basis for treating infections caused by A. baumannii.
Behçet syndrome: The disturbed balance between anti‐ (CLEC12A, CLC) and proinflammatory (IFI27) gene expressions
Authors: Oğuz Ali Kemal , Oygür Çağdaş Şahap , Taşır Seda , Özdağ Hilal , Akar Mehmet Nejat 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionBehçet syndrome (BS) is a chronic, multisystemic inflammatory condition with unanswered questions regarding its pathogenesis and rational therapeutics. A microarray‐based comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of BS and identify any potential therapeutic targets.MethodsTwenty‐nine BS patients (B) and 15 age and sex‐matched control subjects (C) were recruited. Patients were grouped as mucocutaneous (M), ocular (O), and vascular (V) according to their clinical phenotypes. GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays were used for expression profiling on peripheral blood samples of the patients and the control subjects. Following documentation of the differentially expressed gene (DEG) sets, the data were further evaluated with bioinformatics analysis, visualization, and enrichment tools. Validation of the microarray data was performed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.ResultsWhen p ≤ 0.05 and fold change ≥2.0 were chosen, the following numbers of DEGs were obtained; B versus C: 28, M versus C: 20, O versus C: 8, V versus C: 555, M versus O: 6, M versus V: 324, O versus V: 142. Venn diagram analysis indicated only two genes, CLEC12A and IFI27, in the intersection of M versus C ∩ O versus C ∩ V versus C. Another noteworthy gene appeared as CLC in the DEG sets. Cluster analyses successfully clustered distinct clinical phenotypes of BS. While innate immunity‐related processes were enriched in the M group, adaptive immunity‐specific processes were significantly enriched in the O and V groups.ConclusionsDistinct clinical phenotypes of BS patients displayed distinct expression profiles. In Turkish BS patients, expression differences regarding the genes CLEC12A, IFI27, and CLC seemed to be operative in the disease pathogenesis. Based on these findings, future research should consider the immunogenetic heterogeneity of BS clinical phenotypes. Two anti‐inflammatory genes, namely CLEC12A and CLC, may be valuable as therapeutic targets and may also help design an experimental model in BS.
Profiling of innate and adaptive immune cells during influenza virus infection reveals sex bias in invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells
Authors: Humeniuk Piotr , Barrett Aidan , Axelsson Hannes , Corciulo Carmen , Drevinge Christina , Pons Alicia Del Carpio , Angeletti Davide , Scheffler Julia M. , Islander Ulrika 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Biological sex influences the immune responses to IAV infection, resulting in higher mortality in women of reproductive age. Previous studies revealed increased activation of T and B cells in female mice after IAV infection, but extensive analysis of sex differences in both innate and adaptive immune cells over time is lacking. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are fast‐reacting forces and modulators of immune responses that are important to IAV immunity, but it is not known if the presence and function of iNKT cells differ between females and males. The aim of this study was to determine immunological mechanisms that contribute to the increased disease severity in female mice during IAV infection.MethodsFemale and male mice were infected with mouse‐adapted IAV and monitored for weight loss and survival. Immune cell populations and cytokine expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung, and mediastinal lymph node were determined at three time points after infection using flow cytometry and ELISA.ResultsThe results reveal increased severity and mortality in adult female mice compared to age‐matched males. Female mice show larger increases in innate and adaptive immune cell populations and cytokine production in lung compared to mock on Day 6 postinfection. On Day 9 postinfection, female mice express higher numbers of iNKT cells in lung and liver compared to males.ConclusionsThis comprehensive analysis of immune cells and cytokines over time following IAV infection reveals increased leukocyte expansion and stronger proinflammatory cytokine responses in female mice during disease initiation. Furthermore, this is the first study to report a sex bias in iNKT cell populations after IAV infection. The data suggests that the process of recovery from IAV‐induced airway inflammation is associated with increased expansion of several different iNKT cell subpopulations in female mice.
Dehydrated human amniotic membrane and amniotic fluid allograft for the treatment of complex rectovaginal fistulas: A novel technique
Authors: Clark Jessica , Tulenko Thomas N. , Echols Karolynn 
Published: April 2023

SynopsisUsing a dehydrated human amniotic membrane along with an amniotic suspension allograft, an effective therapy for complex rectovaginal fistula is demonstrated.
Effects of miR‐190a‐3p on Sevoflurane‐induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)
Authors: Guo Long‐Long , Wang Yang , Wang Hai‐Yan , Song Shan , Zhang Jing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is regularly observed in patients postsurgery due to the usage of anesthetics, including Sevoflurane. Research has confirmed the participation of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation in the pathogenesis of POCD. Recently, the potential therapeutic function of miR‐190a‐3p against cognitive dysfunction has been reported. However, its role and mechanism in POCD are unclear. Our study will focus on the protective property and mechanism of miR‐190a‐3p on POCD to seek potential biomarkers and treatment targets for POCD. The animal model of POCD was constructed by the injection of Sevoflurane, followed by the administration of mimic negative control and miR‐190a‐3p. MiR‐190a‐3p was found to be downregulated in POCD rats. Declined time to explore the platform, swimming distance, and times that rats crossed the platform were observed in POCD rats, accompanied by increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, elevated malondialdehyde levels, repressed superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased levels of reduced glutathione, all of which were dramatically reversed by miR‐190a‐3p. Furthermore, the downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and activation of toll‐like receptor 4/nuclear factor‐κB signaling were observed in POCD rats, which were greatly rescued by miR‐190a‐3p. Lastly, the Nrf2 luciferase activity and Nrf2 levels in HT22 cells were extremely improved by miR‐190a‐3p. Collectively, miR‐190a‐3p alleviated Sevoflurane‐induced POCD in rats by repressing OS and inflammation.
Alanine boronic acid functionalized UiO‐66 MOF as a nanoreactor for the conversion of CO2 into formic acid
Authors: Faizan Mohmmad , Pawar Ravinder 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe alarming increase in the atmospheric CO2 concertation is a global concern today. Thus, the researchers around the globe are finding ways to decrease the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals like formic acid is one of the best ways to address this issue, but the stability of the CO2 molecule poses a great challenge in its conversion. To date various metal‐based and organic catalysts are available for the reduction of CO2. Still there is a great need for better, robust and economic catalytic systems and the advent of functionalized nanoreactors based on metal organic frame works (MOF) have opened a new dimension in this field. Thus, in the present work UiO‐66 MOF functionalized with alanine boronic acid (AB) have been theoretically investigated for the reaction of CO2 with H2. The density functional theory (DFT) based calculations were carried out to probe the reaction pathway. The result shows that the proposed nanoreactors can efficiently catalyze the CO2 hydrogenation. Further, the periodic energy decomposition analysis (pEDA) unveils important insights about the catalytic action of the nanoreactor.
Evaluation of Drug‐Drug Interactions of Ensitrelvir, a SARS‐CoV‐2 3CL Protease Inhibitor, With Transporter Substrates Based on In Vitro and Clinical Studies
Authors: Shimizu Ryosuke , Matsuzaki Takanobu , Oka Ryoko , Sonoyama Takuhiro , Fukuhara Takahiro , Kuwata Aya , Matsuo Yumiko , Kubota Ryuji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDrug‐drug interaction potentials of ensitrelvir, a novel oral inhibitor of 3C‐like protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, for drug transporters were evaluated by in vitro and clinical studies. The target drug transporters assessed were P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, organic anion transporter (OAT) 1, OAT3, organic cation transporter (OCT) 1, OCT2, and multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 and 2K. In vitro study revealed that ensitrelvir is a substrate for P‐gp and BCRP and inhibits P‐gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1, and OAT3. Based on these results, a clinical drug‐drug interaction study to evaluate the effect of ensitrelvir on the pharmacokinetics of P‐gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OCT1 substrates was conducted with a cocktail approach using digoxin (P‐gp substrate), rosuvastatin (BCRP, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 substrate), and metformin (OCT1 substrate). The cocktail was administered first, and after the washout period, the cocktail was coadministered with 500 mg of ensitrelvir. No treatment‐emergent adverse events were observed. Pharmacokinetic analyses demonstrated that the ratios (90% confidence intervals) of “cocktail with ensitrelvir” to “cocktail without ensitrelvir” for maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration–time curve were, respectively, 2.17 (1.72‐2.73) and 1.31 (1.13‐1.52) for digoxin, 1.97 (1.73‐2.25) and 1.65 (1.47‐1.84) for rosuvastatin, and 1.03 (0.91‐1.16) and 1.02 (0.94‐1.11) for metformin. The results indicate that the exposure levels of digoxin and rosuvastatin increased when coadministered with ensitrelvir, but those of metformin were not changed. In conclusion, ensitrelvir has an impact on the exposure levels of P‐gp, BCRP, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3 substrates.
Effect of accessibility of a genetic counselor on uptake of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) and carrier screening for patients undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Singh Prapti , Martin Caitlin E. , Jamro‐Comer Erica , Andrews Marisa V. , Almgren‐Bell Alison , Riley Joan , Jimenez Patricia T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study assessed the accessibility of a genetic counselor on uptake of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) and carrier screening in a single academic Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (REI) clinic. A total of 420 patients were evaluated with 219 patients counseled by a REI physician only and 201 patients after the addition of a genetic counselor (GC) to the REI clinic team. Cycles initiated before hiring of a GC (pre‐GC) were assessed from June 2018 to December 2018 and after integration of a GC (post‐GC) from March 2019 to August 2019. Additionally, information regarding carrier screening was collected if available in the medical record. Results showed more patients utilized PGT‐A post‐GC (9.5% vs. 5.5%), although the difference between groups did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.12). Individuals who were screened post‐GC or who started screening pre‐GC and continued screening post‐GC were screened for a larger number of conditions than if they were only screened pre‐GC (median pre‐GC = 3, post‐GC = 27, pre‐ and post‐GC = 274; p < 0.0001). The change in practice from using physician‐only counseling to counseling with accessibility to a GC did not change the utilization of PGT‐A in a single clinic.