bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Courtship and homosexual behaviour in saw‐shelled turtles (Myuchelys latisternum)
Authors: McKnight Donald T. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTurtles exhibit a wide range of courtship behaviours, but there are still many knowledge gaps, and the courtship and mating behaviours of many species are poorly known. Here, I present an observation of heterosexual courtship behaviour in wild saw‐shelled turtles (Myucheyls latisternum), as well as an observation of a male M. latisternum attempting to mount another male. The heterosexual courtship was characterized by the male repeatedly waving his feet at the female, scratching her face, pushing her chin with his nose (often moving her backwards) and attempting to align his snout with hers while facing her. A particularly strong emphasis seemed to be placed on aligning the snouts, and when they were aligned, the male would blow water out of his nose across her face (or into her nose). The female appeared indifferent to the male, and they swam away together before any copulation was observed. In the observation of apparent homosexual behaviour, a large male sat submerged and partially buried in a pile of leaves, while a smaller male repeatedly tried to mount him. It appeared that the smaller male was trying to align their posteriors in a typical turtle mating position. The large male eventually swam away. These observations expand our understanding of the courtship behaviour of Australian turtles and present the first documented case of same‐sex mounting in M. latisternum as well as one of the few reported observations of same‐sex mounting in wild turtles.
Identification of influential rare variants in aggregate testing using random forest importance measures
Authors: Blumhagen Rachel Z. , Schwartz David A. , Langefeld Carl D. , Fingerlin Tasha E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAggregate tests of rare variants are often employed to identify associated regions compared to sequentially testing each individual variant. When an aggregate test is significant, it is of interest to identify which rare variants are “driving” the association. We recently developed the rare variant influential filtering tool (RIFT) to identify influential rare variants and showed RIFT had higher true positive rates compared to other published methods. Here we use importance measures from the standard random forest (RF) and variable importance weighted RF (vi‐RF) to identify influential variants. For very rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] < 0.001), the vi‐RF:Accuracy method had the highest median true positive rate (TPR = 0.24; interquartile range [IQR]: 0.13, 0.42) followed by the RF:Accuracy method (TPR = 0.16; IQR: 0.07, 0.33) and both were superior to RIFT (TPR = 0.05; IQR: 0.02, 0.15). Among uncommon variants (0.001 < MAF < 0.03), the RF methods had higher true positive rates than RIFT while observing comparable false positive rates. Finally, we applied the RF methods to a targeted resequencing study in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), in which the vi‐RF approach identified eight and seven variants in TERT and FAM13A, respectively. In summary, the vi‐RF provides an improved, objective approach to identifying influential variants following a significant aggregate test. We have expanded our previously developed R package RIFT to include the random forest methods.
Factors associated with higher risk of small‐for‐gestational‐age infants in women treated for gestational diabetes
Authors: DREVER Hillarie J. , DAVIDSON Sarah J. , CALLAWAY Leonie K. , SEKAR Renuka , DE JERSEY Susan J. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundPreviously, management of gestational diabetes (GDM) has focused largely on glycaemic control, with a view to reduce the occurrence of large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) infants. However, tight glycaemic control in GDM is associated with a higher incidence of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) infants, which has been linked to higher rates of adverse outcomes.AimThe aim was to characterise risk factors associated with having an SGA infant in women being treated for GDM.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational cohort study of 308 women with GDM. Women were split into groups based on their infant's size at delivery (SGA, appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) or LGA). Literature review and expert opinion helped to determine several predictors of women with GDM delivering an SGA infant, and statistical analysis was used to produce odds ratios (OR) for these predictors.ResultsThe sample included primiparous women with a mean pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 25.72 (standard deviation: 5.75). Metabolic risk factors associated with delivering an SGA infant included a lower pre‐pregnancy BMI (adjusted OR 1.13, P = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.26), a lower fasting blood glucose level (BGL) (adjusted OR: 3.21, P = 0.01, 95% CI: 1.30–7.93) and growth that was high risk for SGA at baseline ultrasound scan (USS) (adjusted OR: 7.43, P < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.93–18.79).ConclusionsThe combined clinical picture of lower pre‐pregnancy BMI, fasting BGL and baseline USS growth measurements may indicate a need for less aggressive glucose management in women with GDM to prevent SGA infants.
Role of perfusion index and plethysmography variability index for predicting outcomes in neonatal sepsis
Authors: Saini Shiv Sajan , Shrivastav Amit Kumar , Sundaram Venkataseshan , Dutta Sourabh , Kumar Praveen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAim(i) To compare perfusion index (PI) and plethysmography variability index (PVI) between neonates with proven or probable sepsis versus no‐sepsis, (ii) to examine an association of PI and PVI with in‐hospital mortality.MethodsWe enrolled neonates with clinically presumed sepsis. Culture‐proven or probable sepsis were categorised as ‘cases’ and no‐sepsis as ‘controls’. PI and PVI were recorded hourly for 120 h and averaged in 20‐time epochs (0–6 h to 115–120 h).ResultsWe analysed 148 neonates with sepsis (proven sepsis = 77, probable sepsis = 71) and 126 with no‐sepsis. Neonates with proven/probable sepsis and no‐sepsis had comparable PI and PVI values. Among 148 neonates with sepsis, 43 (29%) died. Non‐survivors had significantly lower PI values than survivors (mean difference 0.21 [95% CI 0.14–0.29], p‐value <0.001). PI had a significant but modest discriminative ability to identify non‐survivors. However, PI did not independently predict mortality.ConclusionNeonates with proven/probable sepsis and no‐sepsis had comparable PI and PVI values in the first 120 h of sepsis. PI but not PVI values were significantly lower in non‐survivors than survivors. PI did not independently predict in‐hospital mortality. Due to modest discriminative ability, PI should be interpreted along with other vital signs to take clinical decisions.
Robot‐assisted total remnant gastrectomy for interposed jejunal pouch dysfunction 25 years after proximal gastrectomy for gastric cancer: A case report
Authors: Uemura Sunao , Yamai Hiromichi , Onishi Kazuhisa , Chikamori Fumio , Yoshida Mitsuteru , Hokimoto Norihiro , Matsuoka Hisashi , Iwabu Jun , Ueta Koji , Yamada Ryo , Mizobuchi Kai , Marui Akira , Tanida Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProximal gastrectomy (PG) in combination with jejunal pouch interposition is a technique aimed at improving the postoperative dietary outcomes; however, some cases are reported to require surgical intervention owing to difficulty of food intake caused by pouch dysfunction. Herein, we present a case of robot‐assisted surgery for interposed jejunal pouch (IJP) dysfunction in a 79‐year‐old male, occurring 25 years after the initial PG for gastric cancer. The patient had chronic anorexia for 2 years and was treated with medications and dietary guidance; however, 3 months prior to admission his quality of life had reduced, owing to worsening symptoms. The patient was diagnosed with pouch dysfunction due to extremely dilated IJP identified using computed tomography and underwent robot‐assisted total remnant gastrectomy (RATRG) with IJP resection. After an uneventful course of intraoperative and postoperative treatment, he was discharged with sufficient food intake on postoperative day 9. RATRG can, thus, be considered in patients with IJP dysfunction after PG.
Instability of Inverse Probability Weighting Methods and a Remedy for Nonignorable Missing Data
Authors: Li Pengfei , Qin Jing , Liu Yukun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Inverse probability weighting (IPW) methods are commonly used to analyze nonignorable missing data (NIMD) under the assumption of a logistic model for the missingness probability. However, solving IPW equations numerically may involve nonconvergence problems when the sample size is moderate and the missingness probability is high. Moreover, those equations often have multiple roots, and identifying the best root is challenging. Therefore, IPW methods may have low efficiency or even produce biased results. We identify the pitfall in these methods pathologically: they involve the estimation of a moment-generating function (MGF), and such functions are notoriously unstable in general. As a remedy, we model the outcome distribution given the covariates of the completely observed individuals semiparametrically. After forming an induced logistic regression (LR) model for the missingness status of the outcome and covariate, we develop a maximum conditional likelihood method to estimate the underlying parameters. The proposed method circumvents the estimation of an MGF and hence overcomes the instability of IPW methods. Our theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms existing competitors greatly. Two real data examples are analyzed to illustrate the advantages of our method. We conclude that if only a parametric LR is assumed but the outcome regression model is left arbitrary, then one has to be cautious in using any of the existing statistical methods in problems involving NIMD.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus uncovers distinct clinical and biological phenotypes of western unicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Dieudonné Yannick , Silvestrini Marc‐Antoine , Dossier Antoine , Meignin Véronique , Jouenne Fanélie , Mahévas Thibault , Bouaziz Jean‐David , Jackson Margaret A. , Mordant Pierre , Poirot Justine , Onodi Fanny , Calvani Julien , Hourseau Muriel , Evrard Diane , Berisha Mirlinda , Perrin François , Danel Claire , Borie Raphael , Galicier Lionel , Mourah Samia , Bengoufa Djaouida , Oksenhendler Eric , Grootenboer‐Mignot Sabine , Boutboul David 
Published: May 2023

SummaryUnicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of unknown cause. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a major complication shown to be associated with a poor prognosis, with particular severity in patients with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). This study describes the clinical and biological characteristics of UCD‐PNP patients in a large Western cohort. A total of 148 patients diagnosed with UCD were identified, including 14 patients with a defined PNP. PNP was significantly associated with myasthenia gravis (MG) and FDC sarcoma during follow‐up (FDCS). PNP was also significantly associated with reduced survival. These data, together with a multivariate analysis by principal components, led to the identification of UCD‐PNP as a group at risk of MG, FDCS and death. PDGFRB sequencing performed on UCD lesions from six patients found the gain‐of‐function p.N666S variant in two. Interestingly, both patients had hyaline‐vascular UCD subtype, were in the UCD‐PNP subgroup and had FDCS. Sera from 25 UCD‐PNP patients and 6 PNP patients without UCD were tested for PNP‐associated autoantibodies. Sera from UCD‐PNP patients had a strong reactivity against the N‐terminal domain of recombinant periplakin (rPPL, 82%) and showed reactivity against at least two domains of rPPL. These features were not found in patients with UCD alone or in the PNP group without UCD. These data indicate that UCD‐PNP patients belong to a subgroup sharing strong clinical and biological identity that might help to decipher the different dynamics of UCD natural history.
Populism in youth: Do experiences in school matter?
Authors: Noack Peter , Eckstein Katharina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany view populist tendencies among youth with concern because adolescence is a formative period for political development. Of the many factors that shape young people's populist attitudes, experiences in school deserve attention since young people spend time in educational settings and schools share the goal of educating students to become informed and responsible citizens. However, the school context offers a wide variety of experiences, ranging from formal curricular to informal (climatic or participatory) characteristics. While empirical findings indicate that experiences in school affect the extent to which young people lean toward populism, results are not always clear and point to considerable gaps in the literature. Consequently, in this article, we discuss practical implications of studies on this topic and outline directions for research.
Belief it or not: How children construct a theory of mind
Authors: Ruffman Ted 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, I briefly review theories about the development of theory of mind, and then examine evidence for minimalism, the idea that infants initially understand only behaviors. To this end, I consider the need for a wide variety of species to predict the behaviors of other animals and that human infants are not unique in this regard. I also discuss evidence for infants' understanding of behaviors, including their good statistical learning skills and their rich exposure to patterns of behavior, which correlates with their acquisition of mental state vocabulary. Finally, I discuss evidence for how maternal mental state talk, as well as children's evolving language and understanding of self, contributes to learning that mental states underlie behaviors.
It's about Time: Analytical Time Periodization
Authors: Andrienko Natalia , Andrienko Gennady 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to the problem of time periodization, which involves dividing the time span of a complex dynamic phenomenon into periods that enclose different relatively stable states or development trends. The challenge lies in finding such a division of the time that takes into account diverse behaviours of multiple components of the phenomenon while being simple and easy to interpret. Despite the importance of this problem, it has not received sufficient attention in the fields of visual analytics and data science. We use a real‐world example from aviation and an additional usage scenario on analysing mobility trends during the COVID‐19 pandemic to develop and test an analytical workflow that combines computational and interactive visual techniques. We highlight the differences between the two cases and show how they affect the use of different techniques. Through our investigation of possible variations in the time periodization problem, we discuss the potential of our approach to be used in various applications. Our contributions include defining and investigating an earlier neglected problem type, developing a practical and reproducible approach to solving problems of this type, and uncovering potential for formalization and development of computational methods.
Understanding youth drinking decline: Similarity and change in the function and social meaning of alcohol use (and non‐use) in adolescent cohorts 20 years apart
Authors: Ball Jude , Pettie Michaela A. , Poasa Loleseti , Abel Gillian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionQualitative research aimed at understanding the decline in youth drinking has so far been hampered by a lack of baseline data for comparison. This New Zealand study overcomes this limitation by comparing archival qualitative data collected at the height of youth drinking (1999–2001) with contemporary data collected for this study (June–October 2022). The aim is to explore changes in the function and social meaning of alcohol use (and non‐use) for two cohorts about 20 years apart.MethodsBoth archival and contemporary data were collected from 14 to 17 year old secondary school students (years 10–12) through individual and small‐group/pair interviews in matched suburban co‐ed schools. Interviews explored friendships, lifestyles, romantic relationships and experiences and perceptions of substance use and non‐use.Results and DiscussionComparative analysis highlighted changes that may help to explain the decline in youth drinking, including an increased value placed on personal choice and acceptance of diversity; decreased face‐to‐face socialising and the emergence of social media as a central feature of adolescent social life, perhaps displacing key functions of drinking and partying; increased pervasiveness of risk discourses and increased awareness of health and social risks of alcohol; and increased framing of alcohol use as a coping mechanism by both drinkers and non‐drinkers.ConclusionsCollectively, these changes appear to have shifted the social position of drinking from an almost compulsory component of adolescent social life in 1999–2001, to an optional activity that many contemporary adolescents perceive to have high risks and few benefits.
Cytotoxicity and exhaustion markers of chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting BCMA in multiple myeloma cell lines between patients and healthy donors
Authors: Prasongtanakij Somsak , Preedagasamzin Sarinthip , Jittorntrum Bunyada , Anurathapan Usanarat , Puavilai Teeraya , Niparuck Pimjai , Chantrathammachart Pichika , Piyajaroenkij Thanakrit , Uaesoontrachoon Kitipong , Uchibori Ryosuke , Ozawa Keiya , Ohmine Ken , Hongeng Suradej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesMultiple myeloma (MM) accounts for 10% of hematologic malignancies. However, most of the patients suffered from relapsed/refractory disease. We would like to expand CAR T cell therapy to treat MM using our current platform.MethodsBCMA CAR T lymphocytes were generated for volunteers or MM patients. The transduction efficiency was detected by the ddPCR technique. Immunophenotyping and exhaustion markers were monitored by flow cytometry. The efficacy of BCMA CAR T cells was tested using coculturing with BCMA CAR or mock, and the positive and negative targets, K562/hBCMA‐ECTM and K562, respectively.ResultsBCMA CAR T cells were generated from consented volunteers or MM patients and could be detected CAR BCMA expression at a mean of 4.07 ± 1.95 or 4.65 ± 1.21 copies/cell, respectively. Those modified T cells were primarily effector memory T cells. Our BCMA CAR T cells could explicitly eradicate the K562/hBCMA‐ECTM cell line while the K562 cell line survived. Interestingly, the BCMA CAR, mock T cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from MM patients expressed similar levels of the exhaustion makers, TIM‐3, LAG‐3, and PD1.ConclusionsOur BCMA CAR T cells, mainly effector/effector memory, could eliminate BCMA‐expressing cells in vitro and had similar levels of exhaustion markers among different populations.
VHCF ultrasonic tests on EN AW‐6082 aluminum alloy samples over a wide dimensional range
Authors: Montagnoli Francesco , Invernizzi Stefano , Carpinteri Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, a very high cycle fatigue test campaign carried out with an ultrasonic testing machine up to 1010 cycles is presented. The aluminum alloy hourglass and dog‐bone samples have dimensions spanning over a very wide range, with the diameter in the middle cross‐section comprised between 3 and 30 mm. From the experimental results, the influence of structural size can be clearly detected, and it is possible to observe a transition between small scales, where the size effect is more pronounced, and larger scales, where the size effect is vanishing. This phenomenon can be explained in an effective way by adopting a multifractal formalism, which is equipped with the probabilistic treatment of the statistical dispersion of experimental data.
Coupled anaerobic methane oxidation and metal reduction in soil under elevated CO2
Authors: Xu Chenchao , Zhang Naifang , Zhang Kaihang , Li Shuyao , Xia Qing , Xiao Jing , Liang Maojun , Lei Weilei , He Junpan , Chen Gaiping , Ge Chengjun , Zheng Xunhua , Zhu Jianguo , Hu Shuijin , Koide Roger T. , Firestone Mary K. , Cheng Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractContinued current emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) by human activities will increase global atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations and surface temperature significantly. Fields of paddy rice, the most important form of anthropogenic wetlands, account for about 9% of anthropogenic sources of CH4. Elevated atmospheric CO2 may enhance CH4 production in rice paddies, potentially reinforcing the increase in atmospheric CH4. However, what is not known is whether and how elevated CO2 influences CH4 consumption under anoxic soil conditions in rice paddies, as the net emission of CH4 is a balance of methanogenesis and methanotrophy. In this study, we used a long‐term free‐air CO2 enrichment experiment to examine the impact of elevated CO2 on the transformation of CH4 in a paddy rice agroecosystem. We demonstrate that elevated CO2 substantially increased anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled to manganese and/or iron oxides reduction in the calcareous paddy soil. We further show that elevated CO2 may stimulate the growth and metabolism of Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens, which is actively involved in catalyzing AOM when coupled to metal reduction, mainly through enhancing the availability of soil CH4. These findings suggest that a thorough evaluation of climate‐carbon cycle feedbacks may need to consider the coupling of methane and metal cycles in natural and agricultural wetlands under future climate change scenarios.
Clotting factor activity levels and bleeding risk in people with haemophilia playing sports
Authors: Versloot Olav , Kemler Ellen , Blokzijl Johan , Timmer Merel , Schuuring Marleen , van Galen Karin P. M. , Kremer Hovinga Idske Cornelia L. , van der Valk Paul R. , van Vulpen Lize F. D. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , van Koppenhagen Casper F. , van der Net Janjaap , Fischer Kathelijn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundImproved treatment options for people with haemophilia (PWH) have increased the possibilities for sports participation, but the risk of sports‐induced bleeding (SIB) is still considered considerable by many.AimTo assess sports associated injury‐ and bleeding risk in PWH and to assess clotting levels associated with safe sports participation.MethodsSports injuries and SIBs were prospectively collected for 12 months in PWH aged 6–49 without inhibitors playing sports at least once weekly. Injuries were compared according to factor levels, severity, joint health, sports risk category and sports intensity. Factor activity at the time of injury was estimated using a pharmacokinetic model.Results125 participants aged 6–49 (41 children, 90% haemophilia A; 48% severe, 95% severe on prophylaxis) were included. Sports injuries were reported by 51 participants (41%). Most participants (62%) reported no bleeds at all and only 16% reported SIBs. SIBs were associated with factor levels at time of injury (OR: 0.93/%factor level (CI 0.88–0.99); p = .02), but not with haemophilia severity (OR: 0.62 (CI 0.20–1.89); p = .40), joint health, sports risk category or sports intensity. PWH with factor levels <10% during sports injury had a bleeding risk of 41% versus 20% in those with higher (>10%) factor levels.ConclusionThe results of this study emphasize the importance of clotting factor levels in prevention of bleeds. This information is vital for patient counselling and tailoring prophylactic treatment with clotting factors and non‐replacement therapy.