bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Object embedding using an information geometrical perspective
Authors: Sugiura Taiki , Murata Noboru 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcquiring vector representations of objects is essential for applying machine learning, statistical inference, and visualization. Although various vector acquisition methods have been proposed considering the relationship between objects in target data, most of them are supposed to use only a specific relevance level. In real-world data, however, there are cases where multiple relationships are contained between objects, such as time-varying similarity in time-series data or various weighted edges on graph-structured data. In this paper, a vector acquisition method which assigns vectors in a single coordinate system to objects preserving the information given by multiple relations between objects is proposed. In the proposed method, a logarithmic bilinear model parameterized by representation vectors is utilized for approximating relations between objects based on a stochastic embedding idea. The inference algorithm proposed in this study is interpreted in terms of information geometry: them-projection from the probability distribution constructed from observed relations on the model manifold and thee-mixture in the model manifold are alternately repeated to estimate the parameters. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated using artificial data, and a case study is conducted using real data.
Ion Exchange Membranes in Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Processes
Authors: Habibzadeh Faezeh , Mardle Peter , Zhao Nana , Riley Harry D. , Salvatore Danielle A. , Berlinguette Curtis P. , Holdcroft Steven , Shi Zhiqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe low-temperature electrolysis of CO2 in membrane-based flow reactors is a promising technology for converting captured CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. In recent years, substantial improvements in reactor design have significantly improved the economic viability of this technology; thus, the field has experienced a rapid increase in research interest. Among the factors related to reactor design, the ion exchange membrane (IEM) plays a prominent role in the energetic efficiency of CO2 conversion into useful products. Reactors utilizing cation exchange, anion exchange and bipolar membranes have all been developed, each providing unique benefits and challenges that must be overcome before large-scale commercialization is feasible. Therefore, to direct advances in IEM technology specific to electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RRs), this review serves to first provide polymer scientists with a general understanding of membrane-based CO2RR reactors and membrane-related shortcomings and to encourage systematic synthetic approaches to develop membranes that meet the specific requirements of CO2RRs. Second, this review provides researchers in the fields of electrocatalysis and CO2RRs with more detailed insight into the often-overlooked membrane roles and requirements; thus, new methodologies for membrane evaluation during CO2RR may be developed. By using CO2-to-CO/HCOO− methodologies as practical baseline systems, a clear conceptualization of the merits and challenges of different systems and reasonable objectives for future research and development are presented.

Graphical Abstract
Antidiabetic activity of Cichorium intybus L water extract against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Authors: Akhtar Md Sohail , Rafiullah Mohamed , Hossain Mohammad Amzad , Ali Mohammed 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiabetic mellitus is a chronic, incurable metabolism disorder caused by the lack of secretion of insulin by the pancreas. Currently, several plants are used for the treatment of diabetic mellitus. Cichorium intybus (C. intybus) is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally by Asian people to treat diabetics. In this regard, the aim of the work is to prepare different selected plant crude extracts and determine them for in vivo diabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. At first, the plant leaves powder was defatted with petroleum spirit. Then the defatted powder was extracted by water with a ratio of 1:8 for 48 h using the maceration method. The water was evaporated by using a rotary evaporator. The aqueous extract of the selected plant was administered orally (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg) at intervals of 0, 2, 4 and 6 h compared to glibenclamide (3 mg/kg) and to measure blood glucose level by using a glucometer. The results showed that the blood glucose level decreased gradually with the increase of the time intervals. In addition, the blood glucose decreasing rate was increased with the applied dose increased. In conclusion, the selected plant water crude extract could be used to decrease the blood glucose level.
The Procalcitonin Combined with C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Xuan Chenhao , Wang Dapeng , Wang Song , Zhang Jiayue , Li Jiawei , Li Xiaowan , Liu Min , Chen Jingyu , Xu Hongyang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio have recently been used to predict early prognosis for intensive care unit (ICU) patients and patients undergoing major surgery. But there were few clinical studies in patients after lung transplantation (LTX).

Aim/Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the association between PCT combined with CRP/albumin ratio and 30-day mortality and predict the accuracy of PCT combined with CRP/albumin ratio for 30-day mortality in patients after LTX.

Method
From January 1, 2016 to December 1, 2020, the clinical data of 77 patients undergoing LTX who died within 30 days were retrospectively collected, we randomly collected 87 patients survived more than 30 days after LTX. ROC curve was used to evaluate the prognostic value of PCT combined with CRP/albumin in predicting mortality at 30 days after ICU admission, Cox proportional hazard model analysis was used to identify risk factors, subgroup analyses was conducted.

Results
Postoperative PCT, CRP, albumin, CRP/albumin ratio, atrial fibrillation, primary graft dysfunction (PGD) grade, the hours of postoperative mechanical ventilation (MV) and length of ICU stay between survivor and non-survivor had a significant difference. On Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, both PCT [HR 1.02 (1.00–1.05), P = 0.037] and CRP/albumin ratio [HR 1.438 (1.26–1.65), P < 0.001] were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. In all patients after LTX, the area under the curve (AUC) of PCT combined with CRP/albumin ratio for predicting 30-day mortality was 0.76 (95% CI 0.69–0.83). In subgroup analysis, the AUC of PCT combined with CRP/albumin ratio for predicting 30-day mortality was 0.83 (95% CI 0.75–0.91) in patients undergoing LTX for interstitial pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Conclusion
The PCT combined with CRP/albumin ratio could be a predictor of the outcomes in patients undergoing LTX. The predictive efficacy was better in patients undergoing LTX for IPF.
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile isolates in a non-outbreak setting at a comprehensive cancer center
Authors: Mehta Neha , Harrington Jennifer M. , Wallace Meghan A. , Wasiura Jillianna M. , Burnham Carey-Ann D. , Mullin Katherine M. , Segal Brahm H. , Almyroudis Nikolaos G. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ribotyping was performed on Clostridioides difficile isolates from patients with malignancies. Thirty-one (27.9%) isolates from 111 episodes of colitis were recovered representing 14 ribotypes with 25 (80.6%) belonging to 6 ribotypes (014/020, 1/VPI/077/087, 05/015, 015/046, 05/053, 106/174). We identified three novel ribotypes with 1 carrying gene encoding for binary toxin.
Considerations for de-escalating universal masking in healthcare centers
Authors: Landelle Caroline , Birgand Gabriel , Price James R. , Mutters Nico T. , Morgan Daniel J. , Lucet Jean-Christophe , Kerneis Solen , Zingg Walter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Three years after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, better knowledge on the transmission of respiratory viral infections (RVI) including the contribution of asymptomatic infections encouraged most healthcare centers to implement universal masking. The evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology and improved immunization of the population call for the infection and prevention control community to revisit the masking strategy in healthcare. In this narrative review, we consider factors for de-escalating universal masking in healthcare centers, addressing compliance with the mask policy, local epidemiology, the level of protection provided by medical face masks, the consequences of absenteeism and presenteeism, as well as logistics, costs, and ecological impact. Most current national and international guidelines for mask use are based on the level of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Actions are now required to refine future recommendations, such as establishing a list of the most relevant RVI to consider, implement reliable local RVI surveillance, and define thresholds for activating masking strategies. Considering the epidemiological context (measured via sentinel networks or wastewater analysis), and, if not available, considering a time period (winter season) may guide to three gradual levels of masking: (i) standard and transmission-based precautions and respiratory etiquette, (ii) systematic face mask wearing when in direct contact with patients, and (iii) universal masking. Cost-effectiveness analysis of the different strategies is warranted in the coming years. Masking is just one element to be considered along with other preventive measures such as staff and patient immunization, and efficient ventilation.
The Sedition Conundrum in India: A Critical Examination of its Historical Evolution, Current Application and Constitutional Validity
Authors: Yadav Vaibhav 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The fundamental scheme of the Indian Constitution furthers absolute antagonism against the sedition provision that has its underpinnings in the archaic principles of the colonial era. Commentators on Indian law and politics have raised concerns that the country’s sedition law runs counter to India’s peculiar libertarian constitutional framework. The trepidation of the accused is intensified by ambiguous, vague and unclear wording of Section 124A of the Indian Penal Code. This article examines the judicial promotion of free speech in sedition cases as law under the aegis of Article 141 of the Constitution of India. By investigating its ancestry, the author proposes to shed light on the circumstances behind the conception and establishment of the Sedition Act in colonial India. The article further intends to comparatively analyse and examine the sedition statutes of India and other countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States of America, etc., with a comprehensive emphasis on the philosophy and rulings of the respective Supreme Courts. The article concludes by proposing that India’s arbitrary sedition statute should be repealed for being redundant and in derogation with the country’s professed legal compass, the “Rule of Law”.
Implications on growth performance, glucose metabolism, PI3K/AKT pathway, intestinal flora induced by dietary taurine in a high-carbohydrate diet for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Pan Ling , Qian Jiahao , Liu Hongyu , Tan Beiping , Dong Xiaohui , Yang Qihui , Chi Shuyan , Zhang Shuang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn 8-week experiment was performed to investigate the influence on growth performance, plasma biochemistry, glucose metabolism and the insulin pathway of supplementation of dietary taurine to a high-carbohydrate diet for grass carp. In this study, fish were fed diets at one of two carbohydrate levels, 31·49 % (positive control) or 38·61 % (T00). The high-carbohydrate basal diet (T00), without taurine, was supplemented with 0·05 % (T05), 0·10 % (T10), 0·15 % (T15) or 0·20 % (T20) taurine, resulting in six isonitrogenous (30·37 %) and isolipidic (2·37 %) experimental diets. The experimental results showed that optimal taurine level improved significantly weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed utilisation, reduced plasma total cholesterol levels, TAG and promoted insulin-like growth factor level. Glucokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities showed a quadratic function model with increasing dietary taurine level, while hexokinase, fatty acid synthetase activities exhibited a positive linear trend. Optimal taurine supplementation in high-carbohydrate diet upregulated insulin receptor (Ir), insulin receptor substrate (Irs1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k), protein kinase B (akt1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (gs3kβ) mRNA level and downregulated insulin-like growth factor (igf-1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (igf-1R) and Fork head transcription factor 1 (foxo1) mRNA level. The above results suggested that optimal taurine level could improve growth performance, hepatic capacity for glycolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, thus enhancing the utilisation of carbohydrates in grass carp. Based on SGR, dietary optimal tributyrin taurine supplementation in grass carp was estimated to be 0·08 %.
Mpho le Mphonyana: Two Iterations of Admissibility in Africa
Authors: Mosaka Tshepo Bogosi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe statutory formulation of the rules of evidential admissibility in African jurisdictions can be characterized into two, positive and negative, broad categories. This article uses the Sowetan trope of a pair of conjoined twins, popularly known as Mpho le Mphonyana in South Africa, to analyse these two formulations with a view of exposing eight doctrinal, institutional and theoretical fallacies associated with these (English) common law colonial inheritances in Africa. The continued, and popular, focus on the Euro-American world by African Evidence scholars, notwithstanding the prevalence of these kinds of fallacies, raises serious questions not only about the scholarly and institutional future of African jurisdictions, but also about what precisely Africans think of themselves in a world that renders them largely invisible for scholarly purposes.
Nematicidal activity of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde from common buckwheat methanol extract on Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Aissani N. , Aissani R. , Zouidi F. , Sebai H. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The nematicidal activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita was tested. Dried plant methanol extract presented higher nematicidal activity than fresh plant extracts with an EC50 = 62.6 ± 26.0 and 40.8 ± 26.1 μg/ml after 48 and 72 hours of immersion, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 17 aldehydes, with salicylaldehyde (o-hydroxybenzaldehyde) being the most abundant at 16%. Nematicidal activity of the latter and other aldehydes with chemical similarities was then assessed. The most active aldehyde was o-hydroxybenzaldehyde followed by m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and benzeneacetaldehyde with an EC50 of about 11.0 ± 1.0, 31.0 ± 22.0, 75.0 ± 23.0 and 168.1 ± 52.3 μg/ml after 1 day of immersion, respectively. Position 2 of the hydroxyl group in the benzene ring seems to be very important for the nematicidal activity, followed by positions 3 and 4. As a complementary experiment, synergistic activity was observed when we added o-hydroxybenzaldehyde to m-hydroxybenzaldehyde and to p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with an EC50 after 24 hours of immersion of 8.0 ± 2.5 and 6.1 ± 2.3 μg/ml, respectively. Antioxidant activity assessment showed that this latter is inversely proportional to nematicidal activity. Our results showed that F. esculentum and its major compound salicylaldehyde could be integrated into the pest management system.
Failure to launch? The lack of populist attitudinal activation in the 2019 South African elections
Authors: Nyenhuis Robert , Schulz-Herzenberg Collette 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTDo South Africans hold strong populist attitudes? If so, who is the ‘populist citizen’ and have these attitudes been activated in the electoral arena? In this article, we make use of 2019 Comparative National Elections Project (CNEP) data to answer these questions. We find that populist attitudes tend to vary across levels of education, geographic location and racial groups. Given the constant supply of populist rhetoric from the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), we expected this party to marshal electoral support from citizens holding the strongest populist attitudes. However, we contend that the party's racialised populism and radicalism ultimately handicapped it at the ballot box. The EFF ultimately suffered from citizens’ mistrust, its lack of credibility and savvy political moves by the ANC ahead of the election.
Lecanora caledonica – a new species in the Lecanora intumescens group (Lecanoraceae) from north-western Europe
Authors: Arup Ulf , Holien Håkon , Coppins Brian J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLecanora caledonica is described as new to science. Molecular analyses show that it belongs to the L. intumescens group. It is also rather similar in appearance to L. intumescens, but differs mainly chemically in containing only atranorin and an unknown UV+ ice blue substance. There are also anatomical and morphological differences to the other species of the group. The new species has a pronounced oceanic distribution and is so far known only from western Norway and Scotland.
Se familiariser au transport en commun par l’apprentissage d’outils de planification technologiques : effets d’un programme co-construit avec des partenaires de la communauté auprès d’aînés vivant avec des incapacités
Authors: Racicot-Lanoue François , Boissy Patrick , Audet Mélisa , Lacerte Julie , Levasseur Mélanie , Baillargeon Dany , Delli-Colli Nathalie , Pigot Hélène , Provencher Véronique 
Published: July 2023

RésuméCette étude visait à documenter comment un programme de familiarisation à l’utilisation du transport en commun influence l’expérience de mobilité des aînés. Ce programme a été co-construit avec des partenaires clés afin d’y inclure l’usage d’outils de planification technologiques et un accompagnement personnalisé tenant compte des incapacités des participants. Une étude de cas multiples (n = 7) a été menée selon une approche mixte convergente, combinant des méthodes qualitatives (p. ex., entrevues) et quantitatives (p. ex., cartes à puces). Les participants qui ont bénéficié davantage de la formation ont rapporté une meilleure connaissance du transport en commun et une plus grande confiance à utiliser l’autobus. Ils ont aussi effectué plus de sorties. Nos résultats suggèrent d’intégrer une destination « signifiante » et l’apprentissage d’outils de planification non technologiques à la formation pour en assurer la compatibilité avec les besoins et le niveau de littératie numérique des aînés. De futures études aideront à favoriser cette option de transport en amont de la perte du permis de conduire.
Moral Uncertainty and Our Relationships with Unknown Minds
Authors: Danaher John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe are sometimes unsure of the moral status of our relationships with other entities. Recent case studies in this uncertainty include our relationships with artificial agents (robots, assistant AI, etc.), animals, and patients with “locked-in” syndrome. Do these entities have basic moral standing? Could they count as true friends or lovers? What should we do when we do not know the answer to these questions? An influential line of reasoning suggests that, in such cases of moral uncertainty, we need meta-moral decision rules that allow us to either minimize the risks of moral wrongdoing or improve the choice-worthiness of our actions. One particular argument adopted in this literature is the “risk asymmetry argument,” which claims that the risks associated with accepting or rejecting some moral facts may be sufficiently asymmetrical as to warrant favoring a particular practical resolution of this uncertainty. Focusing on the case study of artificial beings, this article argues that this is best understood as an ethical-epistemic challenge. The article argues that taking potential risk asymmetries seriously can help resolve disputes about the status of human–AI relationships, at least in practical terms (philosophical debates will, no doubt, continue); however, the resolution depends on a proper, empirically grounded assessment of the risks involved. Being skeptical about basic moral status, but more open to the possibility of meaningful relationships with such entities, may be the most sensible approach to take.
Depth of Magma Storage Under Iceland Controlled by Magma Fluxes
Authors: Baxter R. J. M. , Maclennan J. , Neave D. A. , Thordarson T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe compositions of volcanic materials are sensitive to physical conditions in the underlying magmatic system. When basaltic melts are saturated in olivine‐plagioclase‐augite prior to eruption, their compositions can be used to estimate the pressure at which they last equilibrated. We developed PyOPAM, an open‐source tool that runs in Python, and use this refreshed liquid‐barometer to investigate the relationship between final depths of magma storage and magma flux. We first tested PyOPAM using 312 experimental glasses compiled from literature and found that the 1σ uncertainty is 1.13 kbar (±3 km). PyOPAM was then applied to a data set of 13,400 analyses from Iceland, where suspected controls on magma flux are well constrained. Of these, 3807 analyses return robust pressure estimates, constraining final pre‐eruptive magma storage depths for 23 of the 30 Icelandic volcanic systems. Our results indicate that magma storage pressures on Iceland are linked to melt‐flux from the mantle. This finding is consistent with previous models linking storage depths and spreading rates on the global mid‐ocean ridge system. In addition, we provide clear evidence that the magma flux, rather than spreading rate alone, is the key control on the distribution of melt at spreading centers. Increased melt flux is associated with shoaling of pre‐eruptive storage depths, indicating that mantle melt fluxes dictate the long‐term stabilization of extensive magmatic storage regions at depths shallower than 10 km. Quantitative relationships between mantle melt flux and storage depths can be used to test computational models of transcrustal magmatic systems.
Why Are Some Solar Wind Pressure Pulses Followed by Geomagnetic Storms?
Authors: Fogg A. R. , Jackman C. M. , Coco I. , Douglas Rooney L. , Weigt D. M. , Lester M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRapid increases in solar wind dynamic pressure, known as solar wind pressure pulses, compress the Earth's magnetosphere and can rapidly restructure the electrodynamics within. The propagation of pressure pulse effects into the magnetosphere is known as a geomagnetic sudden commencement (SC). SCs can be further subdivided into compressions which are rapidly followed by a geomagnetic storm (a sudden storm commencement, SSC) and those which are not (a sudden impulse, SI). In this paper, SSCs and SIs are compared and contrasted, and we examine in particular the differences between the pressure pulses that drive SSCs/SIs, and explore the physical conditions of the magnetosphere before pressure pulse arrival. Firstly, it is shown that SSCs are more likely to be driven by pressure pulses with higher magnitude and/or shorter rise time. Secondly, the magnetosphere is primed by stronger driving conditions and higher geomagnetic activity prior to SSCs than SIs. Finally, there is a solar cycle dependence in the occurrence and magnitude of solar wind pressure pulses.