bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of the astrocyte secretome reveals changes in their response to soluble oligomeric Aβ
Authors: Matafora Vittoria , Gorb Alena , Yang Fangjia , Noble Wendy , Bachi Angela , Perez‐Nievas Beatriz Gomez , Jimenez‐Sanchez Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAstrocytes associate with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Astrocytes react to changes in the brain environment, including increasing concentrations of amyloid‐β (Aβ). However, the precise response of astrocytes to soluble small Aβ oligomers at concentrations similar to those present in the human brain has not been addressed. In this study, we exposed astrocytes to media from neurons that express the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgene with the double Swedish mutation (APPSwe), and which contains APP‐derived fragments, including soluble human Aβ oligomers. We then used proteomics to investigate changes in the astrocyte secretome. Our data show dysregulated secretion of astrocytic proteins involved in the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal organization and increase secretion of proteins involved in oxidative stress responses and those with chaperone activity. Several of these proteins have been identified in previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies using brain tissue from human AD and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Our work highlights the relevance of studying astrocyte secretion to understand the brain response to AD pathology and the potential use of these proteins as biomarkers for the disease.image
Data‐driven approach to predicting the risk of pressure injury: A retrospective analysis based on changes in patient conditions
Authors: Jin Yinji , Back Ji‐Sun , Im Sun Ho , Oh Jong Hyo , Lee Sun‐Mi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo determine the risk of pressure injury development in the intensive care unit based on changes in patient conditions.DesignThis retrospective study was based on secondary data analysis.MethodsPatient data from electronic health records were retrospectively obtained and we included 438 and 1752 patients with and without pressure injury, respectively, among those admitted to the medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) from January 2017–February 2020. Changes in patient conditions were analysed based on the first and last objective data values from the day of ICU admission to the day before the onset of pressure injury and categorised as follows: improved, maintained normal, exacerbated and unchanged. Logistic regression was performed to identify the significant predictors of pressure injury development based on 11 variables.ResultsThe 11 selected variables were age, body mass index, activity, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score, nursing severity level, pulse and albumin, haematocrit, C‐reactive protein, total bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen levels. The risk for a pressure injury was high with exacerbation of or persistently abnormal levels of nursing severity, albumin, haematocrit, C‐reactive protein, blood urea nitrogen and pulse >100 beat/min.ConclusionPeriodic monitoring of haematological variables is important for preventing pressure injury in the intensive care unit.Reporting MethodThe study followed STROBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionThis study contributes to the utilisation of patient data from electronic health records.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIn addition to other pressure injury risk assessment tools, ICU nurses can help prevent pressure injuries by assessing patients' blood test results, thereby promoting patient safety and enhancing the efficacy of nursing practice.
Multimorbidity patterns and 18‐year transitions from normal cognition to dementia and death: A population‐based study
Authors: Valletta Martina , Vetrano Davide Liborio , Xia Xin , Rizzuto Debora , Roso‐Llorach Albert , Calderón‐Larrañaga Amaia , Marengoni Alessandra , Laukka Erika J. , Canevelli Marco , Bruno Giuseppe , Fratiglioni Laura , Grande Giulia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSeveral chronic diseases accelerate cognitive decline; however, it is still unknown how different patterns of multimorbidity influence individuals’ trajectories across the cognitive continuum.ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the impact of multimorbidity and of specific multimorbidity patterns on the transitions across cognitive stages (normal cognition, cognitive impairment, no dementia [CIND], dementia) and death.MethodsWe included 3122 dementia‐free individuals from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen. Using fuzzy c‐means cluster analysis, multimorbid participants were classified into mutually exclusive groups characterized by commonly coexisting chronic diseases. Participants were followed up to 18 years to detect incident CIND, dementia, or death. Transition hazard ratios (HRs), life expectancies, and time spent in different cognitive stages were estimated using multistate Markov models.ResultsAt baseline, five multimorbidity patterns were identified: neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, sensory impairment/cancer, respiratory/metabolic/musculoskeletal, and unspecific. Compared to the unspecific pattern, the neuropsychiatric and sensory impairment/cancer ones showed reduced hazards of reverting from CIND to normal cognition (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.85 and HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39–0.91). Participants in the cardiovascular pattern exhibited an increased hazard of progression from CIND to dementia (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.15–2.52) and for all transitions to death. Subjects with the neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular patterns showed reduced life expectancy at age 75, with an anticipation of CIND (up to 1.6 and 2.2 years, respectively) and dementia onset (up to 1.8 and 3.3 years, respectively).ConclusionsMultimorbidity patterns differentially steer individual trajectories across the cognitive continuum of older adults and may be used as a risk stratification tool.
Visuo‐vestibular and cognitive connections of the vestibular neuromatrix are conserved across age and injury populations
Authors: Smith Jeremy L. , Diekfuss Jed A. , Dudley Jonathan A. , Ahluwalia Vishwadeep , Zuleger Taylor M. , Slutsky‐Ganesh Alexis B. , Yuan Weihong , Foss Kim D. Barber , Gore Russell K. , Myer Gregory D. , Allen Jason W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeGiven the prevalence of vestibular dysfunction in pediatric concussion, there is a need to better understand pathophysiological disruptions within vestibular and associated cognitive, affective, and sensory‐integrative networks. Although current research leverages established intrinsic connectivity networks, these are nonspecific for vestibular function, suggesting that a pathologically guided approach is warranted. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generalizability of the previously identified “vestibular neuromatrix” in adults with and without postconcussive vestibular dysfunction to young athletes aged 14‐17.MethodsThis retrospective study leveraged resting‐state functional MRI data from two sites. Site A included adults with diagnosed postconcussive vestibular impairment and healthy adult controls and Site B consisted of young athletes with preseason, postconcussion, and postseason time points (prospective longitudinal data). Adjacency matrices were generated from preprocessed resting‐state data from each sample and assessed for overlap and network structure in MATLAB.ResultsAnalyses indicated the presence of a conserved “core” network of vestibular regions as well as areas subserving visual, spatial, and attentional processing. Other vestibular connections were also conserved across samples but were not linked to the “core” subnetwork by regions of interest included in this study.ConclusionsOur results suggest that connections between central vestibular, visuospatial, and known intrinsic connectivity networks are conserved across adult and pediatric participants with and without concussion, evincing the significance of this expanded, vestibular‐associated network. Our findings thus support this network as a workable model for investigation in future studies of dysfunction in young athlete populations.
Mitigating moral hazard with usage‐based insurance
Authors: Holzapfel Julia , Peter Richard , Richter Andreas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTechnological progress has improved insurers' ability to monitor policyholders and has led to usage‐based insurance (UBI) contracts that incorporate behavioral risk factors in pricing. Economic theory predicts that any informative monitoring signal is adopted in equilibrium. In practice, the demand for UBI is still low to date with market shares in the single digits. We modify the standard moral‐hazard model in insurance economics by trading off a simpler effort model for a richer strategy space, and by focusing on the use of monitoring for premium differentiation. In our model, an informative monitoring technology is in use if it is sufficiently accurate. Otherwise, the premium incentive from monitoring is not large enough to alleviate the incentive‐compatibility constraint to an extent that would make policyholders better off. Our results help explain the slow adoption of UBI contracts in practice and provide an avenue to increase their appeal to policyholders.
Red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio in neonatal foals with sepsis
Authors: Scalco Rebeca , de Oliveira Gabriela Novo , da Rosa Curcio Bruna , Wooten McCaide , Magdesian K. Gary , Hidai Stephanie Takako , Pandit Pranav , Aleman Monica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundRapid and accurate markers to aid diagnosis of sepsis are needed in neonatal foals. The CBC variable red blood cell distribution width (RDW) to platelet ratio (RPR) is associated with inflammatory response and linked to poor outcomes of sepsis in human patients.HypothesisExplore the correlation of RPR with sepsis in neonatal foals and evaluate RPR predictive and prognostic value.AnimalsThree hundred seventeen hospitalized neonatal foals ≤7 days of age that had a CBC and physical exam performed at admission between 2012 and 2021.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. Clinical records were used to calculate sepsis scores and define groups. Red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio was calculated and compared between groups (septic vs nonseptic) based on Kruskal‐Wallis and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests. A multivariate logistic regression model to predict sepsis was created. The cutoff for RPR was obtained based on the maximal Youden Index. The Kaplan‐Meier method and the log‐rank test were used to estimate survival curves and compare survival rates based on RPR.ResultsRed blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio was significantly higher in septic foals (Median = 0.099, confidence interval [CI] [0.093; 0.108]) than in sick nonseptic (0.085, CI [0.083; 0.089]) and healthy foals (0.081, CI [0.077; 0.086]; P < .0001). Red blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio was able to predict sepsis with high accuracy (AUC = 82.1%). The optimal RPR cutoff for sepsis was 0.09.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceRed blood cell distribution width to platelet ratio calculation is practical, inexpensive, and based on CBC‐derived data. Calculation of RPR along with CBC can aid in the diagnosis of sepsis and estimation of outcome.
Regulation of photosynthetic and hemolytic activity of Phaeocystis globosa under different light spectra
Authors: Song Xinru , Xu Zhuoyun , Zhang Wenguang , Tong Mengmeng 
Published: June 2023

Summary

Phaeocystis globosa frequently proliferates in eutrophic waters and forms ichthyotoxic algal blooms that cause massive fish mortalities in marine ecosystems. One of the ichthyotoxic metabolites was identified as the glycolipid‐like hemolytic toxin, reported to be initiated under light conditions. However, the association between hemolytic activity (HA) and photosynthesis of P. globosa remained unclear.

Light spectra (blue, red, green, and white) and 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU) were selected as the stressors to stimulate the hemolytic response of P. globosa in relation to the light and dark photosynthesis reaction.

Hemolytic activity in P. globosa was sensitive to the light spectrum as it decreased from 93% to nearly undetectable (1.6%) within 10 min of transfer from red (630 nm) to green light (520 nm). This indicates that the vertical transformation of P. globosa from deep to surface waters (dominated by green light and all light spectra, respectively) may drive the hemolytic response in coastal waters. However, regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer in the light reaction of P. globosa was excluded by the evidence of inconsistent response of HA to photosynthetic activity.

The biosynthesis of HA may interfere with the pathway of photopigments diadinoxanthin or fucoxanthin, and the metabolism of three‐ and five‐carbon sugars (GAP and Ru5P, respectively), which ultimately lead to changes in the alga's hemolytic carbohydrate metabolism.
H2S works synergistically with rhizobia to modify photosynthetic carbon assimilation and metabolism in nitrogen‐deficient soybeans
Authors: Zhang Ni‐Na , Suo Bing‐Yu , Yao Lin‐Lin , Ding Yu‐Xin , Zhang Jian‐Hua , Wei Ge‐Hong , Shangguan Zhou‐Ping , Chen Juan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) performs a crucial role in plant development and abiotic stress responses by interacting with other signalling molecules. However, the synergistic involvement of H2S and rhizobia in photosynthetic carbon (C) metabolism in soybean (Glycine max) under nitrogen (N) deficiency has been largely overlooked. Therefore, we scrutinised how H2S drives photosynthetic C fixation, utilisation, and accumulation in soybean‐rhizobia symbiotic systems. When soybeans encountered N deficiency, organ growth, grain output, and nodule N‐fixation performance were considerably improved owing to H2S and rhizobia. Furthermore, H2S collaborated with rhizobia to actively govern assimilation product generation and transport, modulating C allocation, utilisation, and accumulation. Additionally, H2S and rhizobia profoundly affected critical enzyme activities and coding gene expressions implicated in C fixation, transport, and metabolism. Furthermore, we observed substantial effects of H2S and rhizobia on primary metabolism and C–N coupled metabolic networks in essential organs via C metabolic regulation. Consequently, H2S synergy with rhizobia inspired complex primary metabolism and C–N coupled metabolic pathways by directing the expression of key enzymes and related coding genes involved in C metabolism, stimulating effective C fixation, transport, and distribution, and ultimately improving N fixation, growth, and grain yield in soybeans.
Emotional processing and positive affect after acute exercise in healthy older adults
Authors: Kommula Yash , Purcell Jeremy J. , Callow Daniel D. , Won Junyeon , Pena Gabriel S. , Smith J. Carson 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe well‐elucidated improvement of mood immediately after exercise in older adults presumably involves adaptations in emotion‐processing brain networks. However, little is known about effects of acute exercise on appetitive and aversive emotion‐related network recruitment in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute exercise, compared to a seated rest control condition, on pleasant and unpleasant emotion‐related regional activation in healthy older adults. Functional MRI data were acquired from 32 active older adults during blocked presentations of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant images from the International Affective Pictures System. fMRI data were collected after participants completed 30 min of moderate to vigorous intensity cycling or seated rest, performed in a counterbalanced order across separate days in a within‐subject design. The findings suggest three ways that emotional processing in the brain may be different immediately after exercise (relative to immediately after rest): First, reduced demands on emotional regulation during pleasant emotional processing as indicated by lower precuneus activation for pleasant stimuli; second, reduced processing of negative emotional stimuli in visual association areas as indicated by lower activation for unpleasant stimuli in the bilateral fusiform and ITG; third, an increased recruitment in activation associated with regulating/inhibiting unpleasant emotional processing in the bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), angular gyri, supramarginal gyri, left cerebellar crus I/II and a portion of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Overall, these findings support that acute exercise in active older adults alters activation in key emotional processing and regulating brain regions.
Urban strategy in an era of public policy assessment: Beyond the methodological divide
Authors: Garza Nestor , Garza Jennifer 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article presents the one‐sided intellectual influence of Economics on Urban Studies & Planning, the case of two social science disciplines with different epistemologies and approaches to policy advice. Subsequently, it presents the emergence of the so‐called evidence based policy (EBP) approach in Economics, comprising experimental (randomized control trial) and quasi‐experimental (difference‐in‐differences and propensity score matching) methods. The article shows that even though EBP claims to be exempt from normative/political, and even theoretical, considerations, it builds upon two features of neoclassical economics: sufficiency and separability. These conditions comprise its normative neoclassical theory background. We discuss the neoliberal turn in development narratives and their influence on urban planning, which coincides with the emergence of EBP. We analyze some EBP examples in the urban planning scholarship.
Weather shocks and exchange rate flexibility
Authors: Elekdag Selim , Tuuli Maxwell 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper assesses the stabilization properties of fixed versus flexible exchange rate regimes and aims to answer this research question: Does greater exchange rate flexibility help an economy's adjustment to weather shocks? To address this question, the impact of weather shocks on real per capita GDP growth is quantified under the two alternative exchange rate regimes. We find that although weather shocks are generally detrimental to per capita income growth, the impact is less severe under flexible exchange rate regimes. Moreover, the medium‐term adverse growth impact of a 1°C increase in temperature under a pegged regime is about −1.4 percentage points on average, while under a flexible regime, the impact is less than one half that amount (−0.6 percentage point). This finding bolsters the idea that exchange rate flexibility not only helps mitigate the initial impact of the shock but also promotes a faster recovery. Importantly, there is evidence of nonlinear effects, whereby greater exchange rate flexibility can be more beneficial for EMDCs with hotter climates. In terms of mechanisms, our findings suggest that the depreciation of the nominal exchange rate under a flexible regime supports real export growth. In contrast to standard theoretical predictions, we find that countercyclical fiscal policy may not be effective under pegged regimes amid high debt, highlighting the importance of the policy mix and precautionary (fiscal) buffers.
Adaptive First-Crossing Approach for Life-Cycle Reliability Analysis
Authors: Yu Shui , Guo Peng , Wu Xiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Life-cycle reliability analysis can effectively estimate and present the changes in the state of safety for structures under dynamic uncertainties during their lifecycle. The first-crossing approach is an efficient way to evaluate time-variant reliability-based on the probabilistic characteristics of the first-crossing time point (FCTP). However, the FCTP model has a number of critical challenges, such as computational accuracy. This paper proposes an adaptive first-crossing approach for the time-varying reliability of structures over their whole lifecycle, which can provide a tool for cycle-life reliability analysis and design. The response surface of FCTP regarding input variables is first estimated by performing support vector regression. Furthermore, the adaptive learning algorithm for training support vector regression is developed by integrating the uniform design and the central moments of the surrogate model. Then, the convergence condition, which combines the raw moments and entropy of the first-crossing probability distribution function (PDF), is constructed to build the optimal first-crossing surrogate model. Finally, the first-crossing PDF is solved using the adaptive kernel density estimation to obtain the time-variant reliability trend during the whole lifecycle. Examples are demonstrated to specify the proposed method in applications.
MINIMALISTIC DESIGN OF AN ACTUATION DEVICE TO MANIPULATE AN ACTIVE FLEXIBLE ROBOTIC TOOL
Authors: Lafreniere Samuel , Tran Kyle , Konh Bardia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work presents a minimalistic design of an actuation system to operate an active flexible robotic tool to steer within tissue for precise targeting. The device is designed to be held by hand or installed on a robotic system. The robotic tool is operated based the user’s commands received from a joystick button. Two internal tendons, actuated by two Maxon motors, realize precise bidirectional bending at the tip of the robotic tool. The flexible robotic tool is intended to facilitate manipulations in needle-based interventions such as prostate biopsy and brachytherapy.
SYSTEMATIC 12-CORE TRANSPERINEAL PROSTATE BIOPSY WITH MINIMAL ACTIVE NEEDLE INSERTIONS IN A PATIENT PROSTATE-SIZED PHANTOM
Authors: Padasdao Blayton , Konh Bardia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Systematic 12-core prostate biopsy has been an established practice for prostate cancer diagnosis. The procedure involves extraction of a tissue sample from 12 zones of the prostate gland for pathologic analyses using at least 12 needle insertions. The procedure is usually performed using straight needles and under ultrasound imaging. We have previously developed an active tendon-driven biopsy needle that can bend inside tissue with teleoperative or robotic control. This work presents our active biopsy needle’s capability to reach 12 marked zones in a patient-specific prostate model, avoiding the urethra, with only two insertions in a transperineal prostate biopsy.
DISCOVERING PATTERNS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGICAL RESIDENT BEHAVIOR DURING A CEPHALOMEDULLARY NAIL PROCEDURE WITH A WIRE NAVIGATION SIMULATOR
Authors: Williams Evan , Thomas Geb , Long Steven , Anderson Donald D. , Karam Matthew D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Each year there are hundreds of thousands of emergency department visits for hip fractures. Hip fracture repair is a common surgical procedure that residents learn early in their careers. Efficient fluoroscopy use and the precision of fixation can have an important influence on patient outcomes. This study used a wire navigation simulator to assess patterns in behavior between less experienced and experienced surgeons. The hypothesis was that experienced surgeons would have more controlled hand motions, higher accuracy in obtaining an entry point, and use less fluoroscopy than less experienced surgeons.
A new simulation module for the cephalomedullary nail wire navigation task was developed, including a solid Sawbones model and visually and haptically realistic soft tissue. Second- and fifth-year residents found an appropriate entry point and drive their k-wire into the femoral shaft. Each participant repeated this task twice.
Experienced surgeons had a starting point on average 1.77 mm more accurate than less experienced surgeons (p = 0.045), and experienced surgeons were more consistent in their starting point. Neither group used significantly more images or time (p = 0.097 and p = 0.061, respectively). Surgeons who consistently used larger corrections typically required more images to find their entry point. Each corrective movement with a swept area larger than 1329.7 mm2 was estimated to add between 1.53-2.25 images to the total needed.