bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Temporal Trends and Risk Factors of Aortic Dissection in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Cherry Yin‐Yi , Wu Ching‐Feng , Muo Chih‐Hsin , Chang Shih‐Sheng , Chen Pei‐Chun 
Published: February 2023

Background
Although sex differences in the epidemiological features of aortic dissection (AD) are known, whether there were sex differences in the associations of comorbidities and risk factors with AD is unclear. We evaluated the temporal trends and risk factors of AD by sex.

Methods and Results
Using claims data from a universal health insurance program linked to the National Death Registry in Taiwan, we identified 16 368 men and 7052 women with newly diagnosed AD from 2005 to 2018. In the case‐control analysis, a matched control group without AD was selected for men and women separately. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate risk factors of AD and sex differences. Over the 14 years, the annual incidence of diagnosed AD was 12.69 and 5.34 per 100 000 in men and women, respectively. The 30‐day mortality was greater in women than in men (18.1% versus 14.1%; adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 1.19 [1.10–1.29]), and the sex difference was observed mainly in patients not treated with surgery. The 30‐day mortality declined over time in male patients undergoing surgical treatments, but no significantly temporal change was found in other patient groups stratified by sex and surgery. After multivariable adjustments, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery were associated with a greater increase in the odds of AD occurrence in women than in men.

Conclusions
Greater 30‐day mortality and stronger associations of atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery with AD in women than in men require further attention.
Differential Impact of Brain Network Efficiency on Poststroke Motor and Attentional Deficits
Authors: Evangelista Giorgia G. , Egger Philip , Brügger Julia , Beanato Elena , Koch Philipp J. , Ceroni Martino , Fleury Lisa , Cadic-Melchior Andéol , Meyer Nathalie H. , Rodríguez Diego de León , Girard Gabriel , Léger Bertrand , Turlan Jean-Luc , Mühl Andreas , Vuadens Philippe , Adolphsen Jan , Jagella Caroline E. , Constantin Christophe , Alvarez Vincent , San Millán Diego , Bonvin Christophe , Morishita Takuya , Wessel Maximilian J. , Van De Ville Dimitri , Hummel Friedhelm C. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Most studies on stroke have been designed to examine one deficit in isolation; yet, survivors often have multiple deficits in different domains. While the mechanisms underlying multiple-domain deficits remain poorly understood, network-theoretical methods may open new avenues of understanding.

Methods:
Fifty subacute stroke patients (7±3days poststroke) underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and a battery of clinical tests of motor and cognitive functions. We defined indices of impairment in strength, dexterity, and attention. We also computed imaging-based probabilistic tractography and whole-brain connectomes. To efficiently integrate inputs from different sources, brain networks rely on a rich-club of a few hub nodes. Lesions harm efficiency, particularly when they target the rich-club. Overlaying individual lesion masks onto the tractograms enabled us to split the connectomes into their affected and unaffected parts and associate them to impairment.

Results:

We computed efficiency of the unaffected connectome and found it was more strongly correlated to impairment in strength, dexterity, and attention than efficiency of the total connectome. The magnitude of the correlation between efficiency and impairment followed the order attention>dexterity ≈ strength (strength: |
r
|=.03,
P
=0.02, dexterity: |
r
|=.30,
P
=0.05, attention: |
r
|=.55,
P
<0.001). Network weights associated with the rich-club were more strongly correlated to efficiency than non-rich-club weights.

Conclusions:
Attentional impairment is more sensitive to disruption of coordinated networks between brain regions than motor impairment, which is sensitive to disruption of localized networks. Providing more accurate reflections of actually functioning parts of the network enables the incorporation of information about the impact of brain lesions on connectomics contributing to a better understanding of underlying stroke mechanisms.
All (Cautiously) Hail-and Scale-Community!
Authors: Singh Prerna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In her essay, Jenna Bednar makes a powerful case and sets out a persuasive framework for refocusing public policy away from the market toward “human flourishing.” In this response, I build on one of the pillars of her framework-community-to showcase its potential to promote human flourishing at scale. I show how communities can promote human flourishing not just locally, but also at the national level. And yet, a focus on the progressive power of nationalism at once also cautions against the dangers inherent in the concept of community itself: that is, that all communities are necessarily bounded and unequal. In laying bare the exclusion and violence that communities can inflict on those beyond their boundaries, and/or down the ladder of “prototypicality,” nationalism is a dark, stark reminder for all communities, including at the local level, to be consistently vigilant to both their boundaries and gradations of belonging. The task that Bednar emphasizes of building mutuality and trust within communities must proceed apace with a commitment to both expanding and building healthy relations with those beyond their boundaries, and ensuring the web of solidarity encompasses all equally within the community.
Identity Group Stratification, Political Economy & Inclusive Economic Rights
Authors: Chelwa Grieve , Hamilton Darrick , Green Avi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This essay demonstrates the necessity of formally incorporating identity group stratification as a pillar alongside economic and political understandings of any political economy framework. We make our case by juxtaposing mutual inadequacies and myopic limitations associated with two influential but polar political economy frameworks-Marxian and public choice theory-since neither framework formally incorporates an identity group stratification lens beyond class reductionism. Finally, in addition to presenting an identity group stratification lens to economic thought, we present an Inclusive Economic Rights policy framework as a critical baseline component of human rights, foregrounding political economic tendencies toward identity group stratifications as a pathway forward to achieve a “moral political economy.”
Effects of clay activation and amine chain length on silica–palygorskite heterostructure properties
Authors: Boudriche Lilya , Bergaya Faïza , Boudjemaa Amel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVarious approaches have been used for the preparation of heterostructured materials based on clay minerals, with numerous potential applications offered by the resulting functional materials. In this study, a fibrous clay mineral (palygorskite) and a tetraethyl orthosilicate reagent were used to obtain silica–palygorskite heterostructures. The aim was to highlight the influence of two factors during the preparation process: the effect of acid activation pre-treatment of the palygorskite with HCl and the effect of varying the length of the amine chains used – dodecylamine and butylamine – on the formation and development of silica nanoparticles on the surface of the palygorskite fibres. The silica–palygorskite heterostructures were obtained after the removal of the organic templates by calcination at 500°C. The textural and structural properties of the silica–palygorskite heterostructured samples were determined using various experimental characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, gas adsorption and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental variables targeted in this study appeared to have a significant effect on the textural properties of the silica–palygorskite heterostructure obtained. The great specific surface area and the mesoporous, microporous and ultramicroporous volumes as determined using nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide gas adsorption confirm the benefit of combining the acid activation pre-treatment of the fibrous clay mineral with the use of a long-chain amine co-surfactant (dodecylamine). The resulting silica–palygorskite heterostucture has a great specific surface area (628 m2 g–1) and a well-developed total pore network (VN2 = 0.24 cm3 g–1; Vultra (CO2) = 0.18 cm3 g–1). This material will be tested for the removal of volatile organic compounds at low concentrations.
Developing expert international consensus statements for opioid-sparing analgesia using the Delphi method
Authors: Sng Daniel Da Der , Uitenbosch Giulia , de Boer Hans D. , Carvalho Hugo Nogueira , Cata Juan P. , Erdoes Gabor , Heytens Luc , Lois Fernande Jane , Pelosi Paolo , Rousseau Anne-Françoise , Forget Patrice , Nesvadba David ,   Pain AND Opioids after Surgery (PANDOS) European Society of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care (ESAIC) Research Group, Abdolmohammadi Sadegh , Asfaw Gebrehiwot , Benhamou Daniel , Blaise Gilbert , Cuvillon Philippe , Tahan Mohamed El , Feldano Emmanuel , Fettes Paul , Finco Gabriele , Fitzpatrick Michael , Kapila Atul , Kaye Callum , Kaura Vikas , May Helen , Meybohm Patrick , Stamer Ulrike , Taylor Daniel , Van De Velde Marc , Van Pee Benoit 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The management of postoperative pain in anaesthesia is evolving with a deeper understanding of associating multiple modalities and analgesic medications. However, the motivations and barriers regarding the adoption of opioid-sparing analgesia are not well known.

Methods
We designed a modified Delphi survey to explore the perspectives and opinions of expert panellists with regard to opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia. 29 anaesthetists underwent an evolving three-round questionnaire to determine the level of agreement on certain aspects of multimodal analgesia, with the last round deciding if each statement was a priority.

Results
The results were aggregated and a consensus, defined as achievement of over 75% on the Likert scale, was reached for five out of eight statements. The panellists agreed there was a strong body of evidence supporting opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia. However, there existed multiple barriers to widespread adoption, foremost the lack of training and education, as well as the reluctance to change existing practices. Practical issues such as cost effectiveness, increased workload, or the lack of supply of anaesthetic agents were not perceived to be as critical in preventing adoption.

Conclusion
Thus, a focus on developing specific guidelines for multimodal analgesia and addressing gaps in education may improve the adoption of opioid-sparing analgesia.
Addressing misclassification bias in vaccine effectiveness studies with an application to Covid-19
Authors: Eusebi Paolo , Speybroeck Niko , Hartnack Sonja , Stærk-Østergaard Jacob , Denwood Matthew J. , Kostoulas Polychronis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSafe and effective vaccines are crucial for the control of Covid-19 and to protect individuals at higher risk of severe disease. The test-negative design is a popular option for evaluating the effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines. However, the findings could be biased by several factors, including imperfect sensitivity and/or specificity of the test used for diagnosing the SARS-Cov-2 infection. We propose a simple Bayesian modeling approach for estimating vaccine effectiveness that is robust even when the diagnostic test is imperfect. We use simulation studies to demonstrate the robustness of our method to misclassification bias and illustrate the utility of our approach using real-world examples.
Recruiting and retaining community-based participants in a COVID-19 longitudinal cohort and social networks study: lessons from Victoria, Australia
Authors: Nguyen Thi , Thomas Alexander J. , Kerr Phoebe , Stewart Ashleigh C. , Wilkinson Anna Lee , Nguyen Long , Altermatt Aimée , Young Kathryn , Heath Katherine , Bowring Anna , Fletcher-Lartey Stephanie , Lusher Dean , Hill Sophie , Pedrana Alisa , Stoové Mark , Gibney Katherine , Hellard Margaret 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Longitudinal studies are critical to informing evolving responses to COVID-19 but can be hampered by attrition bias, which undermines their reliability for guiding policy and practice. We describe recruitment and retention in the Optimise Study, a longitudinal cohort and social networks study that aimed to inform public health and policy responses to COVID-19.

Methods
Optimise recruited adults residing in Victoria, Australia September 01 2020–September 30 2021. High-frequency follow-up data collection included nominating social networks for study participation and completing a follow-up survey and four follow-up diaries each month, plus additional surveys if they tested positive for COVID-19 or were a close contact. This study compared number recruited to a-priori targets as of September 302,021, retention as of December 31 2021, comparing participants retained and not retained, and follow-up survey and diary completion October 2020–December 2021. Retained participants completed a follow-up survey or diary in each of the final three-months of their follow-up time. Attrition was defined by the number of participants not retained, divided by the number who completed a baseline survey by September 302,021. Survey completion was calculated as the proportion of follow-up surveys or diaries sent to participants that were completed between October 2020–December 2021.

Results
At September 302,021, 663 participants were recruited and at December 312,021, 563 were retained giving an overall attrition of 15% (n = 100/663). Among the 563 retained, survey completion was 90% (n = 19,354/21,524) for follow-up diaries and 89% (n = 4936/5560) for monthly follow-up surveys. Compared to participants not retained, those retained were older (t-test, p <  0.001), and more likely to be female (χ2, p = 0.001), and tertiary educated (χ2, p = 0.018).

Conclusion
High levels of study retention and survey completion demonstrate a willingness to participate in a complex, longitudinal cohort study with high participant burden during a global pandemic. We believe comprehensive follow-up strategies, frequent dissemination of study findings to participants, and unique data collection systems have contributed to high levels of study retention.
Lifesaving skills training in schools – A qualitative study to explore students, teachers, and parent’s perceived opportunities and challenges
Authors: Shaukat Natasha , Ali Daniyal Mansoor , Jaffer Mehtab , Jarrar Zeerak , Ashraf Naela , Hassan Sheza , Daudpota Ali Azim , Qadir Muskaan Abdul , Khowaja Aly Hamza , Razzak Junaid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective
The objective of this study is to explore the perception of teachers, parents and students’ regarding implementation of a school-based lifesaving skills program and help predict potential barriers and solutions.

Methods
This qualitative exploratory study was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, from December 2020- to October 2021. We included students, teachers, and parents of secondary (grades VIII, IX, and X) and higher secondary level students (grades XI and XII) in Karachi, Pakistan's public and private schools and colleges. We selected one public, two semi-private, and two private schools. We recruited students, teachers, and parents through convenience sampling. We conducted fifteen focus group discussions (FGDs) with the students, six FGDs with the teachers, and eighteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) with parents. We transcribed the data from audio recordings and translated it into the English language. Finally, we manually analyzed the data using thematic analyses.

Results
This study found that bystanders' main barriers to performing lifesaving skills are lack of knowledge, fear of legal involvement, fear of hurting the patient by incorrect technique, lack of empathy among community stakeholders, and gender bias. However, the participants had a positive and supportive attitude toward implementing lifesaving skills training in schools. They suggested starting student training in the early teenage years, preferred medical staff as trainers, and suggested frequent small sessions in English/Urdu both or Urdu language and training via theory and practical hands-on drills. Furthermore, the training was proposed to be integrated into the school curriculum to make it sustainable. Finally, the government needs to support the program and make the legal environment more conducive for bystanders.

Conclusion
This study identified the significant barriers to performing lifesaving skills in an emergency in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). The participants supported implementing a national lifesaving skills program in schools and colleges. However, the participants expressed that support is needed by the government for sustainability, integrating lifesaving skills into the school curriculum, providing legal support to the bystanders, and creating awareness among the general public.
Investigating the association between the symptoms of women with Fibromyalgia, Digestive function, and markers of the microbiota of the Gastrointestinal Tract (The FIDGIT Study): study protocol
Authors: Erdrich Sharon , Hawrelak Jason A , Myers Stephen P , Vuyisich Momchilo , Harnett Joanna E 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Fibromyalgia a common idiopathic condition affecting around 1.4% of adults globally. Its signature symptom is chronic widespread pain, with a constellation of somatic and psychological symptoms. Fibromyalgia is associated with significant reductions in quality of life, yet to date there is no biochemical marker for its diagnosis. Previous studies have indicated a strong association with gastrointestinal dysfunction, and more recently, alterations to the gut microbiome. No studies have examined the inter-relationship between fibromyalgia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and the microbiome. This prospective observational case-controlled study will gather data on gastrointestinal function, dietary intake, fermentation patterns of ingested carbohydrates, and symptoms commonly associated with fibromyalgia. These will be evaluated alongside human gene expression and metatranscriptomic analysis of the oral and faecal microbiome.

Methods
Adult women aged ≥18 years diagnosed with fibromyalgia and/or meeting ACR 2016 criteria, and healthy family or age-matched controls will be recruited from the community. From consenting participants, we will collect detailed survey information and samples of blood, urine, stool, saliva, and breath.

Discussion
This is the first prospective study examining interactions between digestive function, human gene expression, and the gut microbiome together with general, and fibromyalgia-specific, symptoms experienced by New Zealand women. This exploration will allow an in-depth understanding of clinically relevant factors that are associated with fibromyalgia and will guide further research and contribute to improved management of this poorly understood condition.

Trial Registration
The study was approved by the New Zealand Health and Disability Committee (HDEC) (ref: 20/CEN/197) and registered with the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), registration number ACTRN12620001337965. Written consent will be obtained after providing participants with detailed information about the procedures. Access to data will be restricted to the immediate research team, and all samples and survey data will be deidentified and coded before analysis.
Inequalities in access to new medication delivery services among non-communicable disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from nationally representative surveys in Thailand
Authors: Nontarak Jiraluck , Vichitkunakorn Polathep , Waleewong Orratai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
This study describes the inequalities in access to a medication delivery service (MDS) during the COVID-19 pandemic and identifies the social determinants of health-related inequalities among non-communicable disease (NCD) patients.

Methods
Data were obtained from a study on the impact of health behaviours and modifications in health behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Thai population in 2021. The participants were recruited from Bangkok and all four regions of Thailand. The concentration index was used to examine the inequality among income quintiles, which were standardised by age, sex, living area, job type, health insurance scheme, and education level. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between socio-demographics and access to regular services and new NCD MDSs, adjusted for age, sex, and other covariates.

Results
Among 1,739 NCD patients, greater income inequalities in accessing regular NCD services and collecting medicines at registered pharmacies during the COVID-19 pandemic were observed, for which the concentration index indicated utilisation inequalities in favour of richer households. In contrast, receiving medicine at primary care centres, by postal delivery, and delivered by village health volunteers were the new NCD MDSs, which favoured less wealthy households. NCD patients living in rural areas were more likely to access new NCD MDSs, compared to those in urban areas (adjusted odds ratio = 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–4.34). Significant associations with receiving medicine at hospitals were also observed for the income quintiles. Individuals in the lowest and 2nd lowest income quintiles were more likely to access new MDSs than those in the richest quintiles.

Conclusions
This study highlighted a disproportionate concentration of access to new NCD MDSs during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand, which was more concentrated in lower-income groups. The government should further study and integrate MDSs with the highest cost benefits into nationwide regular systems, while addressing systematic barriers to access to these services, such as the lack of shared health data across health facilities and tele pharmacy equipment. This will promote access to public services among patients in the less advantaged groups and reduce the health inequality gap.
Myricetin alleviated hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular senescence of nucleus pulposus cell through regulating SERPINE1
Authors: Chen Rongsheng , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhu Xitian , Wang Changsheng , Xu Weihong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Myricetin (MYR) is a common plant flavonoid with antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the anti-aging effect of MYR on nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) is still unknown. The study aimed to explore the effect of MYR on the senescence of NPCs.

Methods
Methyl-thiazolyl tetrazolium assay was used to detect NPCs viability. Senescence level was evaluated by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining and the expression levels of P21, P16, IL-6 and IL-8. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between hydrogen peroxide + MYR (HO + MYR) group and HO group, and Gene Ontology (GO) functional was performed to analyze DEGs. A Venn diagram was generated to screen overlapping DEGs related to aging and inflammation, and the role of the promising validated DEG was selected for further investigation by gene functional assays.

Results
HO inhibited NPCs viability and stimulated the senescent phenotype of NPCs, whereas MYR treatment significantly reversed SA-β-gal activity in NPCs. MYR also reduced the expression of p21 and p16 and the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by HO. RNA-seq screened 421 DEGs. The GO enrichment results showed DEGs were mainly enriched in terms such as "sterol biosynthetic process". We also found SERPINE1 has the highest log2FC abs. Silence of SERPINE1 inhibited HO-induced NPCs senescence, and overexpression of SERPINE1 could limit the anti-aging effect of MYR.

Conclusions
MYR alleviated HO-induced senescence of NPCs by regulating SERPINE1 in vitro.