bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) program outcomes in South Africa in the pre-COVID and COVID eras
Authors: Naidoo Keshena , Hoque Monjurul , Buckus Somaya , Hoque Maariyah , Jagernath Kathleen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Two decades after implementing the Prevention of Mother to Child transmission (PMTCT) program, South Africa has still not managed to eliminate intrauterine mother-to-child (MTCT) HIV transmission. During the COVID pandemic access to maternal health services was reduced, potentially compromising the PMTCT program.

Method
A retrospective record review was conducted at a midwife-run obstetric unit in a high HIV prevalence setting. Data on pregnant women who delivered between January 2019 and December 2020 were analysed to evaluate predictors for MTCT, and compare pre-COVID and COVID-era changes in maternal and infant HIV incidence and prevalence.

Results
A total of 1660 women delivered at the facility over a 24-month period (Jan 2019-Dec 2020), of whom 92.8% enrolled for antenatal care in 2019 and 94.6% in 2020. A significantly greater proportion of women were aware of their HIV status before enrolling for antenatal care in the pre-COVID (2019) than COVID (2020) period (88% vs 40.2%; p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in new HIV infection after enrolling for antenatal care during the COVID period compared to pre-COVID period (120 vs 62 women, p < 0.05). There was also a significant increase in the HIV prevalence among women who delivered during the COVID period than in the pre-COVID era (43.5% compared to 35.8%, p < 0.05). However, more than 95% of HIV-positive women initiated ART in both periods. Overall, a total of thirteen infants tested HIV positive (2.1% MTCT rate), with no difference in MTCT between 2019 and 2020. Infants born to women on antiretroviral therapy (ART) were 93% less likely to have a positive PCR test than those whose mothers who were not on ART. (OR = 0.07, 95% CI 0.031:0.178, p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The increase in maternal HIV incidence and prevalence during the COVID era suggest a lapse in HIV prevention strategies during the COVID pandemic. There is an urgent need to improve community test-and-treat campaigns among women of reproductive age in the community and increase access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for pregnant women, especially during periods of health crises.
Alterations in trimethylamine-N-oxide in response to Empagliflozin therapy: a secondary analysis of the EMMY trial
Authors: Aziz Faisal , Tripolt Norbert J. , Pferschy Peter N. , Kolesnik Ewald , Mangge Harald , Curcic Pero , Hermann Markus , Meinitzer Andreas , von Lewinski Dirk , Sourij Harald ,   the EMMY Investigators
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The relationship between sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is not yet explored.

Methods
In this secondary analysis of the EMMY trial (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03087773), changes in serum TMAO levels were investigated in response to 26-week Empagliflozin treatment following an AMI compared to the standard post-MI treatment. Additionally, the association of TMAO changes with clinical risk factors and cardiorenal biomarkers was assessed.

Results
The mean age of patients (N = 367) was 57 ± 9 years, 82% were males, and 14% had type 2 diabetes. In the Empagliflozin group, the median TMAO value was 2.62 µmol/L (IQR: 1.81) at baseline, 3.74 µmol/L (2.81) at 6 weeks, and 4.20 µmol/L (3.14) at 26 weeks. In the placebo group, the median TMAO value was 2.90 µmol/L (2.17) at baseline, 3.23 µmol/L (1.90) at 6 weeks, and 3.35 µmol/L (2.50) at 26 weeks. The serum TMAO levels increased significantly from baseline to week 6 (coefficient: 0.233; 95% confidence interval 0.149–0.317, p < 0.001) and week 26 (0.320, 0.236–0.405, p < 0.001). The average increase in TMAO levels over time (pinteraction = 0.007) was significantly higher in the Empagliflozin compared to the Placebo group. Age was positively associated with TMAO, whereas eGFR and LVEF were negatively associated with TMAO.

Conclusions
Our results are contrary to existing experimental studies that showed the positive impact of SGLT2i on TMAO precursors and cardiovascular events. Therefore, we recommend further research investigating the impact of SGLT2i therapy on acute and long-term changes in TMAO in cardiovascular cohorts.
Big data: an optimized approach for cluster initialization
Authors: Gul Marina , Rehman M. Abdul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe k-means, one of the most widely used clustering algorithm, is not only faster in computation but also produces comparatively better clusters. However, it has two major downsides, first it is sensitive to initializekvalue and secondly, especially for larger datasets, the number of iterations could be very large, making it computationally hard. In order to address these issues, we proposed a scalable and cost-effective algorithm, calledR-k-means,which provides an optimized solution for better clustering large scale high-dimensional datasets. The algorithm first selectsO(R)initial points then reselectO(l)better initial points, using distance probability from dataset. These points are then again clustered intokinitial points. An empirical study in a controlled environment was conducted using both simulated and real datasets. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperformed as compared to the previous approaches when the size of data increases with increasing number of dimensions.
The oxygen concentration data in a forest canopy in 2020 in Beijing Gongqing Forestry Farm
Authors: Xing ChangShan 
Published: July 2023

Background: With the outbreak of global climate problems in recent years, more and more countries have proposed carbon neutral plans. The measurement of forest carbon sinks is gradually becoming a research hotspot in the field of carbon sinks. Methods: Based on observations of the amount of change in oxygen concentration in the forest canopy, we propose a simple and accurate method of forest carbon sinks measurement. Conclusions: In this data note, we provide the data of oxygen concentration in the canopy of a 160-hectare forest in Beijing, and give a convenient equation for calculating the carbon sequestration and carbon sink according to the changes of 15 days oxygen concentration.
Suicidal ideation, attempts and its determinants among young adults in Meghalaya: a cross sectional study
Authors: Lyngdoh Markordor , Sundaram Shanthosh Priyan , Ningombam Joenna Devi , Medhi Gajendra Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Suicide is a major health issue in India. With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, people have experienced loss on a tremendous scale. The impact of these losses on the youth will be massive leading to a rise in depression cases, suicidal ideation and ultimately suicidal attempts. Hence there is a need to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and the predictors for both suicidal ideation and attempts among the young adults in Meghalaya.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted among the students aged 18–25 years in NEIGRIHMS and Synod College in Shillong between March to April 2022. Data was collected by using questionnaire method.

Results
The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts was found to be 15.9 % (12.3–20.3) and 5.8 % (3.7–8.9) respectively. There was a strong relationship for suicidal ideation with urban students, with less family members, those who had unhealthy relationship with their parents, stress, complicated relationship/loss of loved ones and also those with experience of violence/abuse and behavioural problems. However, the attempts were found to be associated only with the loss of the loved ones.

Conclusions
The prevalence, though smaller is a serious concern considering the fact that the burden of suicides is on a rise and hence regular mental health counselling along with the management of the stress is needed at the educational institutional level which could prove to be beneficial to the students.
GRAVITY ANOMALIES AND DEEP CRUSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HOANG SA ARCHIPELAGO AREA
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi Thu 
Published: July 2023

This paper presents some interpretation results of the gravity anomalies for investigating deep crustal structures of Hoangsa archipelago area. Based on applying the maximum horizontal gradient, 3D inversion methods and the characteristics of the gravity fields, the results show that Earth crustal structure of the study area is oriented NE-SW, included oceanic crust in the south and northeast, Maclessfield uplift. Hoangsa uplift, south Hoangsa sunk blocks and Hoangsa basin in the northwest. The Moho depth ranges from 10 to 28 km, such as, 10 - 12 km within the oceanic crust, 18 - 22 km within south Hoangsa sunk blocks, 16 - 23 within the Maclessfield uplift block, 24 - 28 km within Hoangsa uplift and 23 - 24 km within Hoangsa basin. NE-SW and NW-SE fault systems had activated strongly in the, Hoangsa uplift, Maclessfield uplift and south Hoangsa. Most NE-SW oriented faults in the south of Hoangsa uplift are dipping southeast ward. The semi meridian fault system develops mainly in the west and northeast parts of Hoangsa uplift.
Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance pattern and molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from bovine’s milk and meat in Mekelle City, Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Tesfay , Gugsa Getachew , Tsegaye Yisehak , Ahmed Meselu , Awol Nesibu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic and emerging foodborne zoonotic pathogen that encompasses a diversity of strains with varied virulence and can cause serious human and animal infections worldwide. It has low incidence but high hospitalization and case fatality rates. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of L. monocytogenes and its serotypes, and determine antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates in Mekelle City, Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2016 to June 2017 in Mekelle City, Ethiopia and a total of 768 (n = 384 of milk and n = 384 meat) samples of bovine origin were collected using a purposive random sampling technique. Isolation and identification of L. monocytogenes were done according to standard and recommended bacteriological procedures. Genome-based confirmation of each isolate was performed at species and serovar levels by targeting Iap, Imo0737, ORF2819, and ORF2110 genes using specific primers. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar plate antibiotic disk diffusion method. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test (χ2), and logistic regression were applied.
Results
The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes was 26 (3.39%). Prevalence rates of L. monocytogenes were 4.17% and 2.6% in meat and milk samples, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence rates of the organism in meat samples collected from abattoir (1.67%), butcher shops (8.33%), and restaurants (8.33%). Serovars that were identified belonged to 1/2b and 4b. Large proportions of isolates were highly susceptible to ampicillin (88.46%) and vancomycin (84.62%). However, the isolates had shown the highest level of resistance against nalidixic acid (96.15%). The highest intermediate resistance rate was observed for amoxicillin (57.69%). Moreover, 42.31% of the isolates developed resistance to more than two antimicrobial agents.
Conclusions
Hence, both its occurrence and development of a multi-drug resistance indicated that a coordinated effort is imperative to reduce or eliminate the risk posed by this pathogen in food chains and on controlled and careful use of antimicrobials both in veterinary and human treatment regimes.
Problematic internet use related to mental health conditions among left-behind Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Yang Le , Yuan Jiarong , Yang Bing , Sun Huan , Tang Wanjie , Yu Jiajie 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review aims to examine the mental health conditions associated with problematic internet use among left-behind Children and adolescents’ by summarizing the related conditions and exploring the strengths of associations.
Methods
Two authors independently searched via Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Scopu, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP Database), China National Knowledge Database (CNKI), and the WanFang database for observational studies on mental health conditions related to left-behind children and adolescents’ problematic internet use published prior to January 19, 2023. An adjusted Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess the risk of bias. We used a narrative synthesis by summarizing and sorting out the psychological conditions according to the statistical analysis in the included studies.
Results
A total of 19 studies with 13772 participants from China were included. Left-behind children and adolescents with problematic internet use showed higher levels of anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, negative personality (neuroticism, psychoticism and introversion), academic procrastination, inattention, and lower academic persistence), social anxiety and problem behaviors, and lower levels of subjective well-being, meaning in life and academic engagement than left-behind children and adolescents without addiction.
Limitations:
The study design of all included studies is cross-sectional, and it is difficult to determine the causal relationship between internet use problems and mental health conditions among left-behind children and adolescents. More longitudinal studies are expected in the future, with considerations of confounding factors such as gender, age, urban and rural areas, and single or parental migration.
Conclusion
This review provides evidence of the mental health conditions in emotional, personality, academic and interpersonal areas of the problematic internet use among left-behind children and adolescents. We advocate for more high-quality studies with more coherent and appropriate study designs in this area.
Influence of cigarette smoking on the Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance in apparently healthy Angolans
Authors: Gonçalves  , Pedro João Mário , Silva Carina , Magalhães  , Brito Miguel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the status of the Index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance (iCEB) in subjects with habitual cigarette smoking compared to non-smokers in apparently healthy Angolans.
Methods
The data came from the CardioBengo study, a cross-sectional community-based study, from which a random sample of individuals aged between 15 and 84 years was selected. In total, 214 apparently healthy subjects, 102 smokers subjects and 112 non-smokers with the same age group were included in the final analysis.
Results
The average age of the participants was 42.17 ± 13.04 years old and 26.6% of the sample was female. Smoking subjects had higher iCEB and corrected index of Cardiac Electrophysiological Balance (iCEBc) values compared with non-smoking controls (4.39 vs. 4.25; p = 0.024, respectively), and (4.74 vs. 4.57; p = 0.030, respectively).
Conclusion
In summary the iCEB and iCEBc were significantly higher in habitually smokers compared to nonsmokers, which represents an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmogenesis in healthy habitual smokers. As far as we know, this is the first study performed in Africa evaluating the iCEB in smokers, making this this type of study very important in Low-and-middle income countries in the context of epidemiological transition.
Comparison and evaluation of evapotranspiration estimations by different approaches in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Wu Zhijun , Li Qiongfang , Chen Qihui , Zhou Zhengmo , Chen Yunyao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Accurately quantifying large-scale evapotranspiration (ET) is of significant scientific importance. In this study, the Shuttleworth–Wallace (SW) model incorporates gross primary productivity (GPP) values from the near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) GPP product (NIRvGPP). Monthly ET estimations for the Yellow River Basin (YRB) were obtained using the SW models with GPP derived from the GLASS GPP product (GLASSGPP) and NIRvGPP, as well as GLASS ET and CR ET products (SW_GLASSGPP ET, SW_NIRvGPP ET, GLASS ET, and CR ET). The study analyzes the annual spatio-temporal patterns of these products, evaluates their accuracy and uncertainty, and examines the applicability of a fused ET estimation. The results revealed: (1) differences exist in ET estimations among GLASS ET, CR ET, SW_GLASSGPP ET, and SW_NIRvGPP ET; (2) monthly GLASS ET, CR ET, SW_GLASSGPP ET, and SW_NIRvGPP ET align well with the monthly ETWB, with SW_GLASSGPP ET and SW_NIRvGPP ET outperforming GLASS ET and CR ET; (3) average uncertainties of GLASS ET, CR ET, SW_GLASSGPP ET, and SW_NIRvGPP ET display different spatial variation patterns; and (4) compared to GLASS ET, CR ET, SW_GLASSGPP ET, and SW_NIRvGPP ET, the fused ET estimation achieves the best performance within the YRB.
Levels of caesium-137 in food of animal origin in Poland
Authors: Gembal Magdalena , Czerski Paweł , Milczarczyk Ewelina , Warenik-Bany Małgorzata 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Radioactive contamination of the environment is one of the greatest threats after a nuclear accident due to released radionuclides. From a radiotoxicological point of view, the most important radionuclide is caesium-137. Formed mainly during nuclear explosions, caesium-137 can persist in the soil for many years, from where it constantly enters the food chain. One of the elements of ensuring food safety is the monitoring of its radioactive contamination, mainly with radioactive caesium isotopes. The aim of the study was to determine the content of caesium-137 in food of animal origin.

Material and Methods
A total of 1,416 muscle samples from cattle, sheep, pigs, game and fish, as well as chicken eggs and dairy products were examined using gamma-ray spectrometry.

Results
Caesium-137 activities ranged from below the minimum detectable activity concentration (MDC) to over 4,000 Bq/kg wet weight (w.w.). Most often, the values did not exceed the MDC or were in a range below 100 Bq/kg. The exception was the muscle tissue of game animals, especially wild boar, where a significant activity of caesium-137 was recorded, the highest of which was 4,136.8 ± 238 Bq/kg w.w. Committed effective doses determined for each matrix ranged from 0.01 to 0.83 µSv/kg, with the highest value determined for wild boar.

Conclusion
The calculated exposure doses with values well below the accepted low radiation dose (100 mSv) did not indicate any significant amounts of ionising radiation from the food consumed.
Lines of Effort Regarding Modeling Human Resilience in Crisis Situations
Authors: Ilie Beatrice-Daiana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Taking a short view into the nowadays conflicts an also to the ones that are shortly to come we can realize that there are some major elements that influence them like: urbanism, climate changes, globalization, the growth and the migration of the population and of course the current economic crises. It seems like in our present time, there a lot of methods that can help us to reduce as much as possible the risks that appear in the crisis times. It is well known that people behave different when a crisis time arises. In the following document, we are going to focus on human behavior in crisis times, the factors that influence the way people act when they are passing through different situations, how we integrate these behaviors together from which we are going to conclude and propose different types of models that can create a powerful warning system, hoping to increase the efficiency of crisis management. The present article states that there is not a universal direction that can be followed in order to solve crisis because resilience in crisis situations depends not only on the education and the social environment in which a human being grows but also on the actual context of personal development that a person has achieved.
Immune landscape in rejection of renal transplantation revealed by high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Wen Ning , Wu Jihua , Li Haibin , Liao Jixiang , Lan Liugen , Yang Xiawei , Zhu Guangyi , Lei Zhiying , Dong Jianhui , Sun Xuyong 
Published: July 2023

Background: The role of the cellular level in kidney transplant rejection is unclear, and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can reveal the single-cell landscape behind rejection of human kidney allografts at the single-cell level.Methods: High-quality transcriptomes were generated from scRNA-seq data from five human kidney transplantation biopsy cores. Cluster analysis was performed on the scRNA-seq data by known cell marker genes in order to identify different cell types. In addition, pathways, pseudotime developmental trajectories and transcriptional regulatory networks involved in different cell subpopulations were explored. Next, we systematically analyzed the scoring of gene sets regarding single-cell expression profiles based on biological processes associated with oxidative stress.Results: We obtained 81,139 single cells by scRNA-seq from kidney transplant tissue biopsies of three antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) patients and two acute kidney injury (AKI) patients with non-rejection causes and identified 11 cell types, including immune cells, renal cells and several stromal cells. Immune cells such as macrophages showed inflammatory activation and antigen presentation and complement signaling, especially in rejection where some subpopulations of cells specifically expressed in rejection showed specific pro-inflammatory responses. In addition, patients with rejection are characterized by an increased number of fibroblasts, and further analysis of subpopulations of fibroblasts revealed their involvement in inflammatory and fibrosis-related pathways leading to increased renal rejection and fibrosis. Notably, the gene set score for response to oxidative stress was higher in patients with rejection.Conclusion: Insight into histological differences in kidney transplant patients with or without rejection was gained by assessing differences in cellular levels at single-cell resolution. In conclusion, we applied scRNA-seq to rejection after renal transplantation to deconstruct its heterogeneity and identify new targets for personalized therapeutic approaches.
Optical properties of graphene oxide
Authors: Tene Talia , Guevara Marco , Benalcázar Palacios Freddy , Morocho Barrionuevo Tania Paulina , Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Bellucci Stefano 
Published: July 2023

The study of the optical properties of graphene oxide (GO) is crucial in designing functionalized GO materials with specific optical properties for various applications such as (bio) sensors, optoelectronics, and energy storage. The present work aims to investigate the electronic transitions, optical bandgap, and absorption coefficient of GO under different conditions. Specifically, the study examines the effects of drying times ranging from 0 to 120 h while maintaining a fixed temperature of 80°C and low temperatures ranging from 40℃ to 100℃, with a constant drying time of 24 h. Our findings indicate that exposing the GO sample to a drying time of up to 120 h at 80°C can lead to a reduction in the optical bandgap, decreasing it from 4.09 to 2.76 eV. The π−π* transition was found to be the most affected, shifting from approximately 230 nm at 0 h to 244 nm after 120 h of drying time. Absorption coefficients of 3140–5507 ml mg−1 m−1 were measured, which are similar to those reported for exfoliated graphene dispersions but up to two times higher, confirming the improved optical properties of GO. Our findings can provide insights into determining the optimal temperature and duration required for transforming GO into its reduced form for a specific application through extrapolation. The study is complemented by analyzing the elemental composition, surface morphology change, and electrical properties.