bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc nanoparticles ameliorated obesity-induced cardiovascular disease: role of metabolic syndrome and iron overload
Authors: Bashandy Samir A. E. , El-Seidy Ahmed M. A. , Ibrahim Fatma A. A. , Abdelrahman Sahar S. , Abdelmottaleb Moussa Sherif A. , ElBaset Marawan A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObesity is a complicated disease characterized by abundant fat accumulation. It is associated with cardiovascular disease. The current study aimed to appreciate the role of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) (18.72 nm in size) in curbing cardiovascular disease in an obesity model of a high fat/sucrose diet in male rats. For 16 weeks, 24 rats were fed a high-fat diet and a 25% sucrose solution to develop obesity, and after that, the rats were randomly allocated into four groups of rats. Group 1 served as the control group and consisted of normal, non-obese rats. Group 2 comprised obese rats that were injected with an equivalent volume of a neutral substance, serving as vehicle control. In Group 3 or 4, obese rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 5 or 10mg/kg of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for eight weeks. The treatment of obese rats with ZnONPs decreased plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), resistin, ENA78, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL6), and C reactive protein (CRP). Also, the remediation of obese rats with ZnONPs led to a significant decrease in body mass index (BMI), body weight gain, leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (Low-density lipoprotein), glucose, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR). Moreover, ZnONPs treatment lowered troponin, creatine phosphokinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cardiac or adipose tissue iron content, and malondialdehyde (MDA) either in blood or heart tissue. Otherwise, treating obese rats with ZnONPs enhanced plasma adiponectin levels, cardiac-reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, ZnONPs displayed a significant influence on the cardiovascular system since they combat the rise in blood pressure and the pathological changes of the heart and aorta besides maintaining plasma nitric oxide levels. The results showed a positive correlation between BMI and MDA, MPC-1, CK-MB, and LDH. ZnONPs are convenient in treating cardiovascular disease in obese rats via reduced blood pressure, oxidative stress, cardiac iron accumulation, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers.
Fluctuation in the diversity of mayflies (Insecta, Ephemerida) as documented in the fossil record
Authors: Sroka Pavel , Godunko Roman J. , Prokop Jakub 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDue to their aquatic larvae, the evolution of mayflies is intricately tied to environmental changes affecting lakes and rivers. Despite a rich fossil record, little is known about the factors shaping the pattern of diversification of mayflies in deep time. We assemble an unprecedented dataset encompassing all fossil occurrences of mayflies and perform a Bayesian analysis to identify periods of increased origination or extinction. We provide strong evidence for a major extinction of mayflies in the mid-Cretaceous. This extinction and subsequent faunal turnover were probably connected with the rise of angiosperms. Their dominance caused increased nutrient input and changed the chemistry of the freshwater environments, a trend detrimental mainly to lacustrine insects. Mayflies underwent a habitat shift from hypotrophic lakes to running waters, where most of their diversity has been concentrated from the Late Cretaceous to the present.
Circadian rhythms and diurnal patterns in the feed intake behaviour of growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Bus Jacinta D. , Boumans Iris J. M. M. , Engel Jasper , te Beest Dennis E. , Webb Laura E. , Bokkers Eddie A. M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe feeding behaviour of growing-finishing pigs is an important indicator of performance, health and welfare, but this use is limited by its large, poorly-understood variation. We explored the variation in basal feed intake of individual pigs by detecting circadian rhythms, extracting features of diurnal patterns and assessing consistency over time, from day-to-day and across age. Hourly feed intake data of individual pigs (n = 110) was obtained during one growing-finishing phase, using electronic feeding stations. We applied wavelet analysis to assess rhythms and a hurdle generalised additive model to extract features of diurnal patterns. We found that circadian rhythms could be detected during 58 ± 3% (mean ± standard error) of days in the growing-finishing phase (range 0–100%), predominantly at older ages. Although the group diurnal intake pattern was alternans (small morning peak, larger afternoon peak), individual pigs showed a range of diurnal patterns that changed with age, differing mostly in the extent of night fasting and day-to-day consistency. Our results suggest that the type, day-to-day consistency and age development of diurnal patterns in feed intake show general group patterns but also differ between pigs. Using this knowledge, promising features may be selected to compare against production, health and welfare parameters.
Relevance of structural defects to the mechanism of mechanical deformation in metallic glasses
Authors: Lieou Charles K. C. , Egami Takeshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt is known that deformation in disordered materials such as metallic glasses and supercooled liquids occurs via the cooperative rearrangement of atoms or constituent particles at dynamical heterogeneities, commonly regarded as point-like defects. We show via molecular-dynamics simulations that there is no apparent relationship between atomic rearrangements and the local atomic environment as measured by the atomic-level stresses, kinetic and potential energies, and the per-atom Voronoi volume. In addition, there is only a weak correlation between atomic rearrangements and the largest and smallest eigenvalues of the dynamical matrix. Our results confirm the transient nature of dynamical heterogeneities and suggest that the notion of defects may be less relevant than that of a propensity for rearrangement.
Electronic correlations in epitaxial CrN thin film
Authors: Kalal Shailesh , Nayak Sanjay , Sahoo Sophia , Joshi Rajeev , Choudhary Ram Janay , Rawat Rajeev , Gupta Mukul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChromium nitride (CrN) spurred enormous interest due to its coupled magnetostructural and unique metal-insulator transition. The underneath electronic structure of CrN remains elusive. Herein, the electronic structure of epitaxial CrN thin film has been explored by employing resonant photoemission spectroscopy (RPES) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy study in combination with the first-principles calculations. The RPES study indicates the presence of a charge-transfer screened 3$$d ^n{\underline{L}}$$

d
n

L
̲

($$L$$
L
: hole in the N-2$$p$$
p
) and 3$$d ^{n-1}$$

d

n
-
1

final-states in the valence band regime. The combined experimental electronic structure along with the orbital resolved electronic density of states from the first-principles calculations reveals the presence of Cr(3$$d$$
d
)-N(2$$p$$
p
) hybridized (3$$d ^n{\underline{L}}$$

d
n

L
̲

) states between lower Hubbard (3$$d ^{n-1}$$

d

n
-
1

) and upper Hubbard (3$$d ^{n+1}$$

d

n
+
1

) bands with onsite Coulomb repulsion energy (U) and charge-transfer energy ($$\Delta$$
Δ
) estimated as $$\approx$$
≈
4.5 and 3.6 eV, respectively. It verifies the participation of ligand (N-2$$p$$
p
) states in low energy charge fluctuations and provides concrete evidence for the charge-transfer ($$\Delta<$$

Δ
<

U) insulating nature of CrN thin film.
Immunomodulatory effects of nanoparticles on dendritic cells in a model of allergic contact dermatitis: importance of PD-L2 expression
Authors: Wong Lau Angela , Perez Pineda Jessica , DeLouise Lisa A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNanoparticle (NP) skin exposure is linked to an increased prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis. In our prior studies using the mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model, we reported that silica 20 nm (SiO2) NPs suppressed the allergic response and titanium dioxide NPs doped with manganese (mTiO2) exacerbated it. In this work, we conducted in vitro experiments using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) to study the combinatorial effect of the potent 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) hapten sensitizer with SiO2 and mTiO2 NPs on BMDC cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and phenotype using the B7 family ligands. Results show that DNFB and mTiO2 behave similarly and exhibit proinflammatory characteristics while SiO2 promotes a naive phenotype. We observe that the B7-H3 (CD276) ligand is only expressed on CD80 + (B7-1) BMDCs. Results from adoptive transfer CHS studies, combined with BMDC phenotype analysis, point to the importance of PD-L2 expression in modulating the adaptive immune response. This work identifies metrics that can be used to predict the effects of NPs on contact allergy and to guide efforts to engineer cell-based therapies to induce hapten specific immune tolerance.
Comparison of the diagnostic efficacy of mathematical models in distinguishing ultrasound imaging of breast nodules
Authors: Li Lu , Deng Hongyan , Ye Xinhua , Li Yong , Wang Jie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study compared the diagnostic efficiency of benign and malignant breast nodules using ultrasonographic characteristics coupled with several machine-learning models, including logistic regression (Logistics), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), linear support vector machine (Linear SVM), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). The clinical information and ultrasonographic characteristics of 926 female patients undergoing breast nodule surgery were collected and their relationships were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. The stepwise regression method was used for variable selection and the Monte Carlo cross-validation method was used to randomly divide these nodule cases into training and prediction sets. Our results showed that six independent variables could be used for building models, including age, background echotexture, shape, calcification, resistance index, and axillary lymph node. In the prediction set, Linear SVM had the highest diagnosis rate of benign nodules (0.881), and Logistics, ANN and LDA had the highest diagnosis rate of malignant nodules (0.910~0.912). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of Linear SVM was the highest (0.890), followed by ANN (0.883), LDA (0.880), Logistics (0.878), RF (0.874), PLS-DA (0.866), and KNN (0.855), all of which were better than that of individual variances. On the whole, the diagnostic efficacy of Linear SVM was better than other methods.
Association of obesity profiles and metabolic health status with liver injury among US adult population in NHANES 1999–2016
Authors: Huang Jing , Gao Tian , Zhang Huinan , Wang Xing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe combined effect of obesity and metabolic abnormalities on liver injury is unclear. Aiming to address this knowledge gap, this cross-sectional study was conducted among 16,201 US adults. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations of obesity profiles, metabolic health status, and weight change with the levels of liver enzymes. The analysis revealed that general obesity and abdominal obesity were positively associated with the levels of liver enzymes and the prevalence of abnormal liver enzymes (PandPtrend < 0.05). The associations remained significant in both metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy subgroups. Additionally, the liver injury index levels of the metabolically unhealthy participants were higher than those of the metabolically healthy individuals within the non-obese, overweight/pre-abdominal obesity, and general/abdominal obesity subgroups (PandPtrend < 0.05). Furthermore, the subgroup characterized by general/abdominal obesity and metabolic dysfunction exhibited the most robust association with the liver injury index compared to all other subgroups examined. In addition, positive associations were observed between the 1-year and 10-year weight changes and the levels of liver injury indicators (PandPtrend < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both obesity and metabolic impairment are independently associated with liver injury, and their combined presence have an additional adverse effect on liver health. These findings underscore the importance of addressing both obesity and metabolic dysfunction in order to mitigate the risk of liver injury.
MYC–MAX heterodimerization is essential for the induction of major zygotic genome activation and subsequent preimplantation development
Authors: Yamamoto Takuto , Wang Haoxue , Sato Hana , Honda Shinnosuke , Ikeda Shuntaro , Minami Naojiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn mouse preimplantation development, zygotic genome activation (ZGA), which synthesizes new transcripts in the embryo, begins in the S phase at the one-cell stage, with major ZGA occurring especially at the late two-cell stage. Myc is a transcription factor expressed in parallel with ZGA, but its direct association with major ZGA has not been clarified. In this study, we found that developmental arrest occurs at the two-cell stage when mouse embryos were treated with antisense oligonucleotides targeting Myc or MYC-specific inhibitors from the one-cell stage. To identify when MYC inhibition affects development, we applied time-limited inhibitor treatment and found that inhibition of MYC at the one-cell, four-cell, and morula stages had no effect on preimplantation development, whereas inhibitor treatment at the two-cell stage arrested development at the two-cell stage. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that when MYC function was inhibited, genes expressed in the major ZGA phase were suppressed. These results suggest that MYC is essential for the induction of major ZGA and subsequent preimplantation development. Revealing the function of MYC in preimplantation development is expected to contribute to advances in assisted reproductive technology.
Beam-steering of dielectric flat lens nanoantenna with elliptical patch based on antenna displacement for optical wireless applications
Authors: Helmy Fatma E. , Ibrahim Ibrahim I. , Saleh Amany M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the switched-beam nanoantenna (NA) concept is introduced with a theoretical design of an inhomogeneous dielectric flat lens modelled with different materials to steer and enhance the radiation in a particular direction based on shifting the illuminator element. Firstly, the design of hybrid plasmonic NA is introduced and analyzed considering different silicon patch shapes such as rectangular, circular, hexagonal, and elliptical shapes. The elliptical patch NA achieves a gain of up to 10.7 dBi and a return loss of − 14.41 dB. Then the design of a gradient-index dielectric flat lens with the NA is introduced to improve the antenna performance by increasing the directivity and consequently decreasing the beam-width. Furthermore, the beam-steering capabilities by displacement of the NA according to different feeding points along the X and Y-direction. By using the gradient-index dielectric flat lens, the gain is increased to 18.4 dBi with an improvement in the return loss reach to − 19.15 dB compared with traditional NA. In addition, the beam-steering capabilities were achieved with a range ± 60° ×  ± 55° with acceptable average antenna gain, side-lobe levels, and half power beam-width of 16.5 dBi, − 12.3 dB and 13.6° respectively.
Impact of negative links on the structural balance of brain functional network during emotion processing
Authors: Soleymani Farhad , Khosrowabadi Reza , Pedram Mir Mohsen , Hatami Javad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractActivation of specific brain areas and synchrony between them has a major role in process of emotions. Nevertheless, impact of anti-synchrony (negative links) in this process still requires to be understood. In this study, we hypothesized that quantity and topology of negative links could influence a network stability by changing of quality of its triadic associations. Therefore, a group of healthy participants were exposed to pleasant and unpleasant images while their brain responses were recorded. Subsequently, functional connectivity networks were estimated and quantity of negative links, balanced and imbalanced triads, tendency to make negative hubs, and balance energy levels of two conditions were compared. The findings indicated that perception of pleasant stimuli was associated with higher amount of negative links with a lower tendency to make a hub in theta band; while the opposite scenario was observed in beta band. It was accompanied with smaller number of imbalanced triads and more stable network in theta band, and smaller number of balanced triads and less stable network in beta band. The findings highlighted that inter regional communications require less changes to receive new information from unpleasant stimuli, although by decrement in beta band stability prepares the network for the upcoming events.
Association between SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphisms and bleeding risk in patients treated with edoxaban
Authors: Han Ji Min , Jang Eun Jeong , Yee Jeong , Song Tae-Jin , Kim Dong-Hyeok , Park Junbeom , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSince SLCO1B1 encodes the uptake transporter OATP1B1, which can influence the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of edoxaban, polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 may affect the edoxaban response. This study aimed to investigate the association between SLCO1B1 gene polymorphisms and the bleeding risk in patients receiving edoxaban. We genotyped 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the SLCO1B1 gene in patients receiving edoxaban. We also analyzed rs3842 of ABCB1 as a confounder. The odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR (AOR) were calculated from univariate and multivariable analysis, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was constructed for the discrimination of the model. A total of 159 patients receiving edoxaban were analyzed. Overdose and rs4149056 showed significant association with bleeding complications by around 11- and 5.5-fold, respectively. Additionally, patients with the rs4149057 variant allele (C) had a 3.9-fold increased bleeding risk compared with wild-type homozygote carriers (TT), whereas rs2306283 variant homozygote (GG) carriers had a 0.27-fold reduced bleeding risk compared with wild-type allele (A) carriers. Patients with the variant-type homozygote (CC) of ABCB1 rs3842 had a higher bleeding risk than T allele carriers (AOR = 5.3 and 5.9). The final models for multivariable analyses were acceptable based on the AUROC values (> 0.70). These findings may help predict bleeding risk in patients taking edoxaban and help personalize treatment.
Strain-induced degradation and recovery of flexible NbOx-based threshold switching device
Authors: Ang Jia Min , Dananjaya Putu Andhita , Ang Calvin Ching Ian , Lim Gerard Joseph , Lew Wen Siang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate the functionality of NbOx-based selector devices on a flexible substrate. It was observed that the failure mechanism of cyclic tensile strain is from the disruption of atom arrangements, which essentially led to the crack formation of the film. When under cyclic compressive strain, buckling delamination of the film occurs as the compressed films have debonded from their neighboring layers. By implementing an annealing process after the strain-induced degradation, recovery of the device is observed with reduced threshold and hold voltages. The physical mechanism of the device is investigated through Poole–Frenkel mechanism fitting, which provides insights into the switching behavior after mechanical strain and annealing process. The result demonstrates the potential of the NbOxdevice in flexible electronics applications with a high endurance of up to 105cycles of cyclic bending strain and the recovery of the device after degradation.
Optimization of combustion organization scheme for pre-combustion chamber of pre-cooled engine
Authors: Yu Nanjia , Jiao Bowei , Zhou Chuang , Han Shutao , Li Tianwen , Shi Haoran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPre-cooled engines, in which the incoming air is cooled by a pre-cooler before it enters the subsequent components for operation, are one of the important developments in combined power solutions. Therefore, how to optimize the gas temperature uniformity of the high temperature gas stream at the outlet of the pre-combustion chamber to achieve higher efficiency of the pre-cooled engine will be the main research content. In this paper, grid partitioning was performed on the pre combustion chamber model, and the k-omega model and EDC model were used to simulate the internal flow field of the pre combustion chamber. And verify the correctness of the simulation through engine hot testing. Explored the changing trends of the internal velocity and temperature fields of the engine under different secondary injection structures. The larger the secondary injection flow rate, the more obvious the obstruction to high-temperature gas, and the better the uniformity of gas temperature. However, in experiments, the secondary injection components often cannot withstand a large flow rate ratio. Ultimately, the gas temperature uniformity is best when the secondary injection flow rate ratio is 65%. Circumferential deflection will cause the gas to spin, and the spinning process will make the gas temperature at the same radius more uniform. However, due to the decrease in radial velocity, the obstruction effect on the overall high-temperature gas is weakened. When the gas is deflected towards the head by 30°, the velocity of the incoming gas and the velocity of the secondary injection gas are combined and perpendicular to the axis. At this time, the gas temperature uniformity is the best.
Structural analysis and ionic conduction mechanism of sulfide-based solid electrolytes doped with Br
Authors: Yamaguchi Hiroshi , Kobayashi Kentaro , Hiroi Satoshi , Utsuno Futoshi , Ohara Koji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSulfide glasses can exhibit notable ionic conductivity because of annealing-associated crystallization. One well-known example is Li7P3S11. Our research showed that adding bromine (Br) to Li3PS4 sulfide glass results in a similar crystal structure and high ionic conductivity comparable to that of another compound Li10GeP2S12. This structure differs from the PS4 anion framework of Li3PS4. In addition, the ionic conductivity decreases owing to a structural transition to the β-phase. Herein, we present our findings on the local structure of Li3PS4 sulfide glass and its crystallized glass ceramic with the addition of Br. This analysis relies on the pair distribution function analysis obtained from high-energy X-ray diffraction. Moreover, using the bond valence sum method, we verified that incorporating Br promotes the formation of Li ionic conduction pathways. Our results indicate that precise control over the anion molecular structure by introducing halogens holds promise for achieving high Li-ion conductivity.