bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy leads to better survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Yu Alice , Hensley Patrick J. , Huelster Heather L. , Martin Austin , Potrezke Aaron , Pham Jonathan , Raman Jay D. , Pallauf Maximilian , Singla Nirmish , Katims Andrew , Coleman Jonathan , Margulis Vitaly , Matin Surena F. , Spiess Philippe E. 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesTo evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with high‐risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) using a large, well‐curated multi‐institutional database.Patients and MethodsThis study was a multi‐institutional retrospective analysis conducted by the UTUC Collaborative Network (UCAN), combining data from 2276 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at seven high‐volume tertiary care centres in the United States. The UCAN data were analysed to evaluate the impact of response to NAC on survival outcomes in patients with UTUC.ResultsA total of 378 patients in the UCAN database underwent NAC. On final surgical pathology, 101 patients (26.8%) had ≤ypT1N0 disease and were defined as NAC treatment responders. Patients who responded to NAC had significantly longer overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) compared to non‐responders. At 5 years post‐surgery, 81.5% of responders were alive compared to 59.8% of non‐responders. The median OS and PFS times among non‐responders were 7.0 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6–9.7) and 6.0 years (95% CI 4.6–9.3) respectively, while the median OS and PFS were not reached among responders. Limitations of this study include its retrospective design, heterogeneity in chemotherapy regimens, and the absence of clearly defined patient selection criteria for treatment.ConclusionThese data suggest that NAC can play a pivotal role in the treatment of well‐selected UTUC patients who respond positively. Non‐responders had clearly inferior outcomes. More work is needed to find predictors of response which can improve patient selection.
ADAR1 Promotes the Progression and Temozolomide Resistance of Glioma Through p62‐Mediated Selective Autophagy
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Guo Huiling , Bu Jiahao , Wang Weiwei , Wang Li , Liu Zhibo , Qiu Yuning , Wang Qimeng , Zhou Lijuan , Liu Xianzhi , Ma Liwei , Wei Jianwei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundResistance to temozolomide (TMZ) remains is an important cause of treatment failure in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). ADAR1, as a member of the ADAR family, plays an important role in cancer progression and chemotherapy resistance. However, the mechanism by which ADAR1 regulates GBM progression and TMZ resistance is still unclear.MethodsWe first constructed stable transfected strains in which ADAR1 was knocked down and overexpressed to investigate the effect of ADAR1 on the first‐line glioma chemotherapy drug TMZ. Subsequently, we validated that ADAR1 induces autophagy activation and used autophagy inhibitors to suppress autophagy, demonstrating that ADAR1 enhances TMZ resistance through autophagy. We further knocked down p62 (SQSTM1) based on the overexpression of ADAR1, and the results showed that ADAR1 regulates selective autophagy through the p62 regulation. Finally, we demonstrated through mutations at both edited and nonedited sites that ADAR1 regulates selective autophagy in an edited dependent way.ResultsFurther analysis showed that in the presence of TMZ, elevated ADAR1 promoted TMZ induced autophagy activation. Further research revealed that ADAR1 enhances TMZ resistance through p62‐mediated selective autophagy. Further, ADAR1 regulates selective autophagy in an edited dependent way. Our results indicate a relationship between ADAR1 levels and the response of glioma patients to TMZ treatment.ConclusionsWe found that the expression of ADAR1 is upregulated in GBM and is associated with tumor grade and TMZ resistance. Elevated expression of ADAR1 predicts poor prognosis in GBM patients and promotes tumor growth in vivo or in vitro.
Benefits of Modelling Abundance for Rare Species Conservation: A Case Study With Multiple Birds Across One Million Hectares
Authors: Verdon Simon J. , Makdissi Rhys , Mitchell William F. , Boulton Rebecca L. , Radford James Q. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimMany management programs that are based on the needs of rare or threatened species are ineffective because they fail to collect enough data to reliably estimate abundance and map distributions for their target species. Information that does exist for rare species is often based on presence‐only data, because it is difficult to collect sufficient data on abundance for such species. We targeted 10 rare bird species that were excluded from a recent study due to insufficient data. For these species, we aimed to (a) collect sufficient abundance data, (b) identify important locations and (c) estimate population sizes.LocationA large reserve system (~1 M‐ha) in south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe undertook intensive field surveys, using repeat area searches of 660 independent 25‐ha sites, totalling 2640 hours of surveys (2‐h surveys; two surveys per site). We used N‐mixture models to estimate abundance whilst accounting for imperfect detection.ResultsThis survey effort returned enough high‐quality data on nine rare bird species to identify important locations and estimate their population sizes. To illustrate potential applications of mapped important locations, we used our results to assess the likely impact of a planned burn program in part of the study region. We identified planned burns that are likely to have a significant impact on important locations for rare species that may not have otherwise been identified. Populations were generally larger than previously estimated using expert opinion. For example, our population estimate for the threatened Red‐lored Whistler (Pachycephala rufogularis) was ~16 times larger than the previous estimate.Main ConclusionsOur results show (a) the benefits of using abundance to identify important locations for rare species, (b) the value of developing bespoke survey methods for estimating abundance of rare species with low detectability and (c) a pathway for the application of mapped important locations in conservation land management.
Southward Migration: How Climate Change Alters the Prey Dynamics of Spotted Seal in Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Zhu Yugui , Song Jiaxing , Xu Wenli , Peng Daomin , Kang Bin , Liu Chunlong , Reygondeau Gabriel , Wang Yunfeng , Cheung William W. L. , Chu Jiansong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimThe Ocean is the major carrier of energy storage of the earth and is greatly affected by climate change and human activities. The spotted seal (Phoca largha) is a national first‐class protected species in China and is the only pinniped species that breeds in China waters. This study investigated the impacts of climate change on the distribution of primary prey fish species of spotted seal from 1970 to 2060, and based on the results and conclusions, conservation strategies for spotted seals are proposed.LocationThe Yellow and Bohai Seas, China.MethodsThree earth system models and the dynamic bioclimate envelope model are used to predict the distribution of the primary prey fish species of spotted seal under two climate scenarios in this study.ResultsThe projections show that from 1970 to 2060, the prey fish species of spotted seal shifted southward by 82.06 and 87.91 km under the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios, and compared with 1970, the northern limit of primary prey fish species latitudinal distribution shifted northward, the relative abundance increased, and the total maximum catch potential increases under two scenarios (the increment is more obvious under RCP8.5 scenario) in 2060. In addition, the mean temperature of the relative abundance value of the primary prey fish species increases at an average rate of 0.044°C/decade under RCP2.6 scenario and 0.072°C/decade under RCP8.5 scenario.Main ConclusionsFrom 1970 to 2060, the primary prey fish species of spotted seal are projected to migrate to lower latitudes, and projections show an expansion of the distribution range of primary prey fish species, an increase in the relative abundance increases in the Bohai Sea and the northern Yellow Sea, a slight increase in the maximum catch potential increases slightly in 2060 compared to 1970, and the mean temperature of the relative abundance increases greatly with the increase of greenhouse gas emissions. According to the results of the study, the conservation of spotted seals should clearly delineate the shoreline at the boundary of the core area, prohibit industrial development and artificial encroachment and build an ecological corridor.
Early developmental trajectories of the impaired hand in infants with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Sakzewski Leanne , Greaves Susan , Eliasson Ann‐Christin , Wallen Margaret , Novak Iona , Ware Robert S. , Heathcock Jill , Maitre Nathalie , Boyd Roslyn N. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo identify developmental trajectories of impaired hand function in infants aged 3 to 15 months with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP).MethodSixty‐three infants (37 male; median gestational age 37 weeks [interquartile range 30–39.1 weeks]) recruited as part of a randomized trial with a confirmed diagnosis of unilateral CP were included. All infants received early upper limb therapy. The Hand Assessment for Infants (HAI) was completed at baseline and until 12 to 15 months corrected age. Group‐based trajectory modelling identified groups with similar trajectories of development of impaired hand function. Multinomial logistic regression determined associations between demographic variables and trajectory membership.ResultsThe three‐group trajectory model comprised ‘low’ 29%, ‘moderate’ 35%, and ‘high’ 36% functioning groups. The relative risk ratio of being in the low or moderate relative to high group increased by 16% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.32) and 14% (95% CI 1.01–1.29) respectively for each 1 week increase in gestational age. Males were more likely to be in the low relative to high group (relative risk ratio 7.22; 95% CI 1.6–32.5).InterpretationThree distinct trajectories of development of the impaired hand were identified. Males and infants born closer to term age were at higher risk of being in a low group with little improvement over time, despite receiving early intervention.
Does remission of type 2 diabetes matter? A qualitative study of healthcare professionals' perspectives and views about supporting remission in primary care
Authors: Captieux Mireille , Guthrie Bruce , Lawton Julia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTrials conducted in highly selected populations have shown that type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission is possible, but the feasibility and acceptability of supporting remission in routine clinical practice remain uncertain.AimWe explored primary care professionals' perceptions and understandings of T2D remission and their views about supporting remission within routine clinical care.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 GPs and nine nurses working in Scottish general practices. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsMost participants considered remission to be a motivational tool but were unsure that it actually altered clinical management, due to patients still requiring follow‐up and their expectations that remission is often temporary because of the constant effort required to sustain remission in an obesogenic environment. These perceptions, together with participants' concerns about loss to follow‐up of patients who were likely to relapse and/or were still at high cardiovascular risk, appeared to underpin a reluctance to code remission in medical records. Most participants did not consider remission support to be a clinical priority. Moreover, they described being sensitive to the pitfalls of only encouraging some patients to pursue remission, because if resources were directed towards apparently more motivated, affluent individuals, there was a risk that this could widen health inequalities.ConclusionFor integration of remission support into mainstream T2D care to be successful, primary care professionals may need to be persuaded that remission matters more than encouraging well‐managed T2D. They would also benefit from clear guidance on follow‐up and optimal support for people in remission.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus and predicted risk of maternal cardiovascular disease 10–14 years after delivery: A prospective cohort
Authors: Venkatesh Kartik K. , Grobman William A. , Wu Jiqiang , Shah Nilay S. , Pencina Michael , Costantine Maged M. , Landon Mark B. , Catalano Patrick , Lowe William L. , Scholtens Denise M. , Khan Sadiya S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsStudies evaluating the relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs), namely hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with the estimated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains limited and could inform patient‐centred decision‐making in the postpartum period. We examined whether HDP or GDM were associated with a higher 10‐ and 30‐year predicted risk of ASCVD measured 10–14 years after delivery.MethodsA secondary analysis from the international prospective Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow‐up Study (2013–2016) cohort. The exposures were HDP or GDM (untreated according to the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria). Outcomes were 10‐ and 30‐year predicted risk of ASCVD (composite of fatal and non‐fatal coronary heart disease and stroke) as quantified by the validated Framingham Risk Score as a continuous measure, and secondarily, at thresholds used for clinical decision‐making of ≥7.5% for 10‐year predicted risk and ≥20% for 30‐year predicted risk.ResultsOf 4432 individuals at a median age of 30.5 years and a median gestational age of 27.9 weeks at pregnancy enrollment, 10.7% developed HDP and 13.7% developed GDM. At 10–14 years after delivery, individuals with HDP had a higher 10‐year predicted risk of ASCVD (least squares mean: 2.9% vs. 2.2%; adj. β: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41–0.77) and a higher 30‐year predicted risk of ASCVD (7.7% vs. 6.1%; adj. β: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.81–1.72) compared with those without HDP. Similarly, individuals with GDM had a higher predicted risk of ASCVD (10‐year: 3.2% vs. 2.1%; adj. β: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.34–0.67 and 30‐year: 8.8% vs. 5.8%; adj. β: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.11–2.01) compared with those without GDM. These results were similar when predicted ASCVD risk was assessed at thresholds of ≥7.5% at 10 years and ≥20% at 30 years.ConclusionIndividuals who experienced HDP or GDM had a higher predicted 10‐ and 30‐year risk of ASCVD measured 10–14 years after delivery compared with individuals who did not experience these APOs.
Role of Cytokines in Predicting Early Major Bleeding in Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Oblitas Crhistian‐Mario , Lago‐Rodríguez Marta‐Olimpia , López‐Rubio Marina , García‐Gámiz Mercedes , Zamora‐Trillo Angielys , Alvarez‐Sala‐Walther Luis‐Antonio , Galeano‐Valle Francisco , Demelo‐Rodríguez Pablo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionAnticoagulant therapy is critical for venous thromboembolism (VTE) management, though bleeding remains a major concern, ranging from mild to fatal events. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of cytokines for major bleeding in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE).MethodsIn this prospective, observational study, patients aged ≥ 18 years with acute PE were enrolled from April 2021 to September 2022 and followed for 30 days. Exclusion criteria included asymptomatic PE, VTE without PE, and chronic anticoagulation. Major bleeding was defined as bleeding that required ≥ 2 transfused units of red blood cells, occurred in critical areas, or was fatal. Blood samples were collected at diagnosis to measure IL‐6, IL‐1beta, IL‐8, IL‐10, and TNF‐alpha. Statistical analyses used bivariate and multivariate logistic regression (p < 0.05).ResultsOut of 191 patients (mean age 68.6 years, 52.9% male), 8.4% died, and 4.2% experienced major bleeding within 30 days. IL‐8 > 40 pg/mL and TNF‐alpha > 8.5 pg/mL were linked to major bleeding. IL‐8 > 40 pg/mL independently predicted early major bleeding (adjusted OR 9.40; 95% CI 1.38–63.69). Cox regression showed HRs of 12.60 for IL‐8 and 5.61 for TNF‐alpha.ConclusionHigh IL‐8 levels at diagnosis were predictive of major bleeding in acute PE patients. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Association of social determinants of health with first antiseizure medication prescription for patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Johnson Brian J. , Jung Katie E. , MacKenzie Megan A. , Bah Abdulsalam , Jetté Nathalie , Mohamed Nihal , Blank Leah J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether social determinants of health (SDOHs) are associated with the first antiseizure medication (ASM) prescribed for newly diagnosed epilepsy.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) standards were followed, and the protocol registered (CRD42023448998). Embase, Medline, and Web of Science were searched up to July 31, 2023. Two reviewers independently screened studies and reached mutual consensus for inclusion. Studies reporting the first ASM prescribed for patients with new epilepsy in all age groups, countries, and languages were eligible for inclusion. Review articles, conference abstracts, and studies with fewer than 15 participants were not eligible for inclusion. Studies were meta‐analyzed using fixed‐effects models. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.ResultsThirteen studies (total participants = 380,785) contained SDOH data and their association with the first ASM prescription after epilepsy diagnosis. Meta‐analysis of studies with compatible data revealed that Black (pooled odds ratio [OR] .94, 95% confidence interval [CI] .90–.98) and Hispanic (pooled OR .89, 95% CI .82–.97) patients with U.S. Medicare/Medicaid had a lower odds of receiving a newer ASM compared to White patients. Three studies revealed that rural epilepsy patients had a lower odds of receiving new ASMs compared to urban patients (pooled OR .84, 95% CI .80–.89). The relationship between income levels and ASM prescription patterns differed across countries, highlighting inconsistencies that warrant further investigation. Among studies identified for inclusion, relatively few had combinable data, thereby limiting the scope of our meta‐analysis to two SDOHs.SignificanceSignificant disparities exist in first‐line ASM prescription for non‐White and rural persons with epilepsy. There exist few data on other SDOHs including gender identity and socioeconomic background. Future work leveraging large data sets may reveal additional ASM prescription inequities. Developing care pathways to rectify known prescribing disparities may improve health equity among PWE.
Characterisation of equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis: A comparative study using microCT and radiography in age‐matched controls
Authors: Nugent Zoe , Jensen Anders , Owen Niamh , Peffers Andrew J. , Moothanchery Mohesh , Peffers Mandy J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEquine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a painful disorder primarily affecting the incisor teeth of horses over 15 years of age. Clinical signs of the disease include prehension problems, halitosis and in severe cases weight loss. The disease predominately affects the reserve crown and presents as a loss of dental tissue and excessive build‐up of cementum.ObjectivesTo determine the radiographic scores of horses with EOTRH and age‐matched controls and to increase understanding of EOTRH using microCT to compare teeth from horses with EOTRH and age‐matched controls.Study designIn vivo and ex vivo studies.MethodsThis study used radiography (in vivo) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) (ex vivo) to help understand and help characterise the imaging changes that occur in EOTRH. For radiography, 87 patients were assessed using a radiographic scoring system for EOTRH. The microCT study was undertaken on 20 extracted cadaver incisor teeth which were scanned and segmented to measure the different dental tissues. These were assessed using a descriptive analysis (surface roughening, tooth resorption, root blunting and pulp cavity).ResultsRadiographic scoring demonstrated that 03s were more severely affected than 01s in EOTRH. Total radiographic score and age had a weak positive correlation. Following microCT, we identified that EOTRH teeth had a lower pulp and enamel volume and therefore significantly higher pulp and enamel ratios relative to the whole tooth volume, compared with control teeth. Cementum and dentine volumes were more variable in EOTRH teeth. Thus, their ratios relative to the whole tooth volume were not different to control teeth.Main limitationsThe number of horses was relatively small.ConclusionsResults suggest differing degrees of tooth resorption and hypercementosis, in different affected teeth potentially indicating multiple phenotypes of the disease. We provide further evidence of the presence of subclinical EOTRH imaging changes in some teeth.
Leaf Photosynthetic and Respiratory Thermal Acclimation in Terrestrial Plants in Response to Warming: A Global Synthesis
Authors: Wu Ting , Tissue David T. , Jiang Mingkai , Slot Martijn , Crous Kristine Y. , Yuan Junfeng , Liu Juxiu , Jin Shaofei , Wu Chenxi , Deng Yan , Huang Chao , Shi Fuxi , Fang Xiong , Li Rui , Mao Rong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLeaf photosynthesis and respiration are two of the largest carbon fluxes between the atmosphere and biosphere. Although experiments examining the warming effects on photosynthetic and respiratory thermal acclimation have been widely conducted, the sensitivity of various ecosystem and vegetation types to warming remains uncertain. Here we conducted a meta‐analysis on experimental observations of thermal acclimation worldwide. We found that the optimum temperature for photosynthetic rate (Topt) and the maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco (ToptV) in tropical forest plants increased by 0.51°C and 2.12°C per 1°C of warming, respectively. Similarly, Topt and the optimum temperature for maximum electron transport rate for RuBP regeneration (ToptJ) in temperate forest plants increased by 0.91°C and 0.15°C per 1°C of warming, respectively. However, reduced photosynthetic rates at optimum temperature (Aopt) were observed in tropical forest (17.2%) and grassland (16.5%) plants, indicating that they exhibited limited photosynthetic thermal acclimation to warming. Warming reduced respiration rate (R25) in boreal forest plants by 6.2%, suggesting that respiration can acclimate to warming. Photosynthesis and respiration of broadleaved deciduous trees may adapt to warming, as indicated by higher Aopt (7.5%) and Topt (1.08°C per 1°C of warming), but lower R25 (7.7%). We found limited photosynthetic thermal acclimation in needleleaved evergreen trees (−14.1%) and herbs (−16.3%), both associated with reduced Aopt. Respiration of needleleaved deciduous trees acclimated to warming (reduced R25 and temperature sensitivity of respiration (Q10)); however, broadleaved evergreen trees did not acclimate (increased R25). Plants in grasslands and herbaceous species displayed the weakest photosynthetic acclimation to warming, primarily due to the significant reductions in Aopt. Our global synthesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the divergent effects of warming on thermal acclimation across ecosystem and vegetation types, and provides a framework for modeling responses of vegetation carbon cycling to warming.