bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and preliminary results of geophysical methods on historical statues
Authors: Vagnon Federico , Comina Cesare , Canepa Marie Claire , Bovero Alessandro , Giraudo Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In recent years, geophysical applications have been significantly grown in rock mechanics field due to their versatility and reliability as diagnostic and/or monitoring tools. Since these methodologies are mainly non-invasive, they can be used for the investigation and characterization of the internal structure of historical artworks or for the monitoring of built cultural heritage, where the non-destructive feature is an indispensable prerequisite. Commonly, the artworks material properties are unknown or strongly altered due to time and physical/chemical agents. Moreover, their nature (mineralogic and petrographic) and origin (in terms of places where the material was exploited) is uncertain and difficult to allocate. Among the available geophysical techniques, seismic methods are useful for detecting the thickness or position of weathered layers, for estimating the physical properties of different materials and for providing information about cracking and degree of fracturing. In this paper, we present some experiences and preliminary results of geophysical characterization of two Tritons statues, discovered in the garden of the Royal Palace of Venaria (Piedmont Region, Italy). The statues were originally part of the Fountain of Hercules, destroyed in the 18th century during the redevelopment works of the Palace. Ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements were performed on each portion of the statues and 3D-imaging of the apparent P-wave velocity were carried out. The performed geophysical investigations were aimed at defining the overall material quality and detecting possible sectors with low resistance properties that might interfere with the coring operations, necessary for the reassembly of the statues. Results of these surveys were also useful for setting up a 3D-FEM model for simulating the material behaviour through an analysis of the forces and loads involved.
Fluorine-free and ultra-thin films prepared by RF-PECVD method for the anticorrosive applications
Authors: Wu Liting , Liu Luqi , Ma Fuliang , Shen Luli , Wang Gang , Zeng Zhixiang , Wu Xuedong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high-reliability requirement of 5 G electronic products poses a higher challenge to its protective films, the high transmission quality of high-frequency signals, excellent heat dissipation and anticorrosive capability, which promotes the ultra-thin protective films with good adhesion and anticorrosion. In this work, a nanometer-scale p-HMDSO film was obtained on the Cu alloy with hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as the precursor by the low-temperature RF-PECVD method. Compared with Parylene and p-PFDA (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-Perfluorodecyl acrylate) films, the p-HMDSO film possesses better hydrophobicity, mechanical stability and anticorrosive property. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of the p-HMDSO film reaches 99.95%. Meanwhile, it provides 3 orders of magnitude increment of charge-transfer impedance, a salt spray corrosion resistance for 24 h, and the protection of 10 days in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, which develops a better application prospect in the protection of integrated electronics.
Carrier mobility and high-field velocity in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides: degeneracy and screening
Authors: Iglesias José M , Nardone Alejandra , Rengel Raúl , Kalna Karol , Martín María J , Pascual Elena 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The effect of degeneracy and the impact of free-carrier screening on a low-field mobility and a high-field drift velocity in MoS2 and WS2 are explored using an in-house ensemble Monte Carlo simulator. Electron low field mobility increases to

8400

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

for MoS2 and to

12
040

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

for WS2 when temperature decreases to

77

K

and carrier concentration is around

5
×

10

12

c
m

−
2

. In the case of holes, best mobility values were

9
320

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

and

13
290

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

, reached at similar temperature and carrier concentration conditions while at room temperature these fall to

80

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

and

150

c
m

2

V

−
1

s

−
1

for MoS2 and WS2, respectively. The carrier screening effect plays a major role at low fields, and low and intermediate temperatures, where a combination of large occupancy of primary valleys and carrier–phonon interactions dominated by relatively low energy exchange processes results in an enhanced screening of intrinsic scattering. For electrons, degeneracy yields to transport in secondary valleys, which plays an important role in the decrease of the low field mobility at high concentrations and/or at room temperature. The high-field drift velocity is not much affected by carrier screening because of an increased carrier scattering with surface optical polar phonons, favouring larger phonon wavevector interactions with small dielectric function values.
High-performance flexible broadband photodetectors enabled by 2D Ta2NiSe5 nanosheets
Authors: Guo Tingting , Sa Zixu , Wei Pengfei , Jian Yuxuan , Chen Xiang , Chen Zhesheng , Avila Jose , Dudin Pavel , Yang Zai-xing , Song Xiufeng , Liu Fengjing , Zhang Shengli 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Flexible broadband optoelectronic devices play a prominent role in the areas of daily life including wearable optoelectronic systems, health care, and bio-imaging systems. Two-dimensional (2D) narrow-bandgap materials with atomic thickness, adjustable bandgap, mechanical flexibility, as well as excellent optical and electrical properties exhibit great potential for applications in flexible optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance photodetector based on high-quality ternary Ta2NiSe5 nanosheets with a narrow bandgap of 0.25 eV. The photodetectors exhibit broadband photodetection capability in the visible-infrared (IR) spectrum (405–2200 nm) at room temperature. The maximum values of responsivity can reach up to 280 A W−1 at the wavelength of 405 nm. Meanwhile, the high responsivity of 63.9 A W−1 and detectivity of 3.8 × 109 Jones are achieved at the wavelength of 2200 nm, respectively. In addition, the obtained Ta2NiSe5-based photodetector shows excellent flexibility and the photodetection performance is almost insignificantly degraded after 1000 bending cycles. These results indicate that the 2D Ta2NiSe5 semiconductor has great potential in future wearable IR optoelectronic devices.
Investigation on electrochemicl behavior of modified Al anodes in tidal environment of shengli oilfield
Authors: Yang Chao , Wang Zenglin , Wang Guanjun , Han Qing , Liu Haibo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Al anode was widely used for cathodic protection of metal in marine environment due to its high capacitance and current efficiency. However, it was prone to passivation in alternating dry-wet environments. At present, relevant scholars had carried out research on new Al anodes in the alternating dry-wet environment of atmosphere or ocean. However, there were few reports on Al anodes in the soil alternating dry-wet environment. Therefore, focusing on the tidal environment of Shengli oilfield, the performance of three types of modified Al anodes was determined by corrosion and electrochemical test. The results showed that compared with Al-2 and Al-3 anodes, the corrosion product layer on the surface of Al-1 anode showed a broken, loose, poor compactness characteristic, while the general corrosion rate (4.329 mm/a) was larger and the maximum pit depth (27 μm) was smaller on the 30th day of immersion experiment. Meanwhile, the open-circuit potential of Al-1 anode (E
OCP = −1.09 V) was more negative, and the corrosion current density (I
corr = 5.34 × 10−3
μA m−2) was larger, while the capacitance (Q-Y
0 and C
dl) was larger and the resistance (R
p and R
ct) was smaller. In conclusion, the Al-1 anode showed a better performance in tidal environment of Shengli oilfield.
Effect of various fuels used in combustion synthesis on the bioactivity of akermanite
Authors: Kothandam Shobana , Swamiappan Sasikumar 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Significant interest has been inspired by the exceptional biological performance of akermanite bioceramic in tissue engineering. This exertion investigates effect of fuel on the biomineralisation using three different fuels viz., glycine, L-alanine, and urea. The materials were prepared through sol-gel combustion method by using Glycine, L Alanine and Urea as a fuel and encoded as AK-G, AK-AL, and AK-U. The mechanism associated in the synthesis of these bioceramic was examined by thermal analysis. The pure phase achieved at 900 °C was confirmed by powder XRD, the functional groups were identified by FTIR analysis. When glycine was employed as the fuel, the average crystallite size formed was 32–36 nm; however, for alanine and urea, shows increase in value of 34–40 and 37–43 nm, respectively. Surface morphology and elemental composition were confirmed by SEM/EDX. AFM analysis indicates that Glycine imparts higher surface roughness than other ceramic materials, which promotes nucleation of hydroxyapatite during biomineralization. Among the three samples, AK-Glycine exhibits considerable improvements in bioactivity with a Ca/P ratio of 1.60 which is closer to natural hydroxyapatite (1.67) and makes it an appropriate candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.
Biodegradable cow dung for brake friction material: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Balaji N , Elgorban Abdallah M , Bahkali Ali H , Zaghloul Nouf S S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to develop a biodegradable and non-asbestos/copper-free brake pad formulation. The possibility of using organic cow dung particles as an eco-friendly reinforcement in friction material for brake pads is investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) treated cow dung is Sun dried and ground to an average particle size of 200 microns. It is reinforced in epoxy resin in weight fractions of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% along with other fillers and friction stabilizers. The composite samples are subjected to density, thermal conductivity, microhardness and tensile strength evaluation for mechanical characterization. Pin on disc testing is done to identify the coefficient of friction (CoF), wear coefficient and specific wear rate as a part of tribological characterization. The scanning electron micrographs and EDAX analysis of worn out surface is performed to study the wear mechanism. Promising results are seen with composite samples reinforced with 15% cow dung particles in terms of better microhardness, tensile strength, stable coefficient of friction and low wear. The investigation could guide industries working on brake pad materials. This could open up an era of low cost, organic and eco-friendly alternative to carcinogenic asbestos/copper in friction materials.
A new method for simulating electron beam welding process of niobium sheets with beam oscillation
Authors: Tao Jia , Wu Jiefeng , Liu Zhihong , Ma Jianguo , Liu Zhenfei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Oscillating electron beam welding (EBW) is necessary for the fabrication of pure niobium superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities. Due to the negative effects that welding deformation and residual stress have on the performance of the SRF cavities, it is crucial to predict residual stress and welding distortion with high precision for the design of welding tooling and the optimization of welding parameters. However, the stress and distortion simulation of oscillating EBW received little attention in the previous research. In order to accurately predict the welding stress and distortion of niobium cavities with thin walls, a novel heat source with two reverse 2D Gaussian heat sources was used for the first time in the finite element method (FEM) simulation of EBW with beam oscillation. Additionally, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the molten pool was run as a guide for adjusting the parameters of the designed heat source. The FEM simulation with 2D Gaussian heat source was taken as a comparison. An EBW experiment of niobium sheets was performed to verify the simulation. The simulated molten pool of this model has a wider width, which is significantly closer to the actual measurement. Compared with the result estimated by 2D Gaussian heat source. The joint simulated with the designed heat source displays a smoother temperature gradient. The mechanical results suggest that the peak longitudinal stress in the weld center, the peak transverse stress in the weld center, the longitudinal contradiction, and the transverse contradiction estimated by the designed model deviate from the experimental results by only −4.88%, −4.03%, −9.32%, and −5.98%, respectively. The error of the simulation by the proposed method is dramatically smaller than the evaluation by the 2D Gaussian model. The designed heat source and the CFD validation provides a reliable simulation scheme for the oscillating EBW of thin sheets, and the oscillating EBW of thick plates will be simulated using the suggested method with the improvement of the heat source model in the future.
Preparation, enhancement of permeability, and anti-biofouling properties of PEES/nano-silver/PVP mixed-matrix membrane
Authors: Soundarrajan M , Alibrahim Khuloud A , Krishnamurthi J , Maheswari P , Harikrishnan A , Alodhayb Abdullah , Muthumareeswaran M R 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the separation of bovine serum albumin using a novel matrix mixed membrane composed of poly vinyl pyrrolidone and poly (phenylene ether ether sulfone)/Nano-silver. The responsive bare and modified PEES/Nano-silver membranes were evaluated using morphology, wettability, XRD and ATR-FTIR. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), water content, mean pore radius, porosity, and pure water flux were used to evaluate the presentation of mixed matrix membranes. The outcomes show that the membranes wettability is increased by the addition of PVP, which promotes the formation of hydrogen bonds. Its clear that the membranes are more hydrophilic than the PEES/Nano-silver membrane based on their performance. In addition, model foulants such bovine serum albumin (BSA) andE. coliwere used to assess the efficacy of mixed matrix membranes anti-fouling properties. PVP loading results in more diversified surface morphology with asymmetric structure and higher water flux (4.35 × 10−5ms−1) than the pristine membrane (2.23 × 10−5ms−1) as a reference at 3.5 bar without compromising the rejection of membrane. The flux recovery ratio for PEES/PVP/Nano-Silver membranes is 97%, which is significantly higher than the ratio for PEES/Nano-Silver membranes (62%). Furthermore, The results of fluorescence microscopy showed that, compared to clean membranes, the modified membranes have biofouling activities.
Can we explain machine learning-based prediction for rupture status assessments of intracranial aneurysms?
Authors: Mu N , Rezaeitaleshmahalleh M , Lyu Z , Wang M , Tang J , Strother C M , Gemmete J J , Pandey A S , Jiang J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Although applying machine learning (ML) algorithms to rupture status assessment of intracranial aneurysms (IA) has yielded promising results, the opaqueness of some ML methods has limited their clinical translation. We presented the first explainability comparison of six commonly used ML algorithms: multivariate logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), multi-layer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), and Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). A total of 112 IAs with known rupture status were selected for this study. The ML-based classification used two anatomical features, nine hemodynamic parameters, and thirteen morphologic variables. We utilized permutation feature importance, local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithms to explain and analyze 6 Ml algorithms. All models performed comparably: LR area under the curve (AUC) was 0.71; SVM AUC was 0.76; RF AUC was 0.73; XGBoost AUC was 0.78; MLPNN AUC was 0.73; BART AUC was 0.73. Our interpretability analysis demonstrated consistent results across all the methods; i.e., the utility of the top 12 features was broadly consistent. Furthermore, contributions of 9 important features (aneurysm area, aneurysm location, aneurysm type, wall shear stress maximum during systole, ostium area, the size ratio between aneurysm width, (parent) vessel diameter, one standard deviation among time-averaged low shear area, and one standard deviation of temporally averaged low shear area less than 0.4 Pa) were nearly the same. This research suggested that ML classifiers can provide explainable predictions consistent with general domain knowledge concerning IA rupture. With the improved understanding of ML algorithms, clinicians’ trust in ML algorithms will be enhanced, accelerating their clinical translation.
Ion dynamics in laser-produced collisionless perpendicular shock: one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation
Authors: GUO Ao , TANG Huibo , REN Junyi , HU Guangyue , LU San 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Recently, perpendicular shocks have been generated in laboratory experiments by the interaction between a laser-produced supersonic plasma flow and a magnetized ambient plasma. Here, we explore the ion dynamics and the formation of such kinds of shock with a one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell simulation model using achievable parameters for laser experiments. A small part of the ambient ions is first reflected by the laser-driven piston. These piston-reflected ions interact with the upstream plasma and form a shock then. By analyzing the contribution of the electric force and the Lorentz force during the reflection, shock-reflected ions are found to be accelerated by two different mechanisms: shock drift acceleration and shock surfing acceleration, where shock drift acceleration is the dominant one. Very few ions are reflected twice by the shock and accelerated to a large velocity, implying that a more energetic population of ions can be observed in future experiments.
Heterogeneous environmental regulation tools and green economy development: evidence from China
Authors: Lu Ma , Daixu Li , Peng Wang , Ruiqi Ma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The implementation of environmental regulation policy by the government is usually an effective tool to reduce local pollution emissions. The super-efficient SBM model of unexpected output was used in this study to estimate green economy development levels in 30 Chinese provinces from 2010 to 2019 and constructed a panel econometric model. It empirically tested the theoretical hypothesis and mechanism of heterogeneous environmental regulation affecting green economy development by using the least squares estimation, the instrumental variable method, spatial panel regression, the mediating effect model, and further models. The relationship between command-controlled environmental regulation and green economy development was U-shaped, whereas green economy development was not significantly influenced by market-incentive environmental regulations. Command-controlled environmental regulation affected green economy development via the progress of pollution control technology and production technology. The strengthening of command-controlled environmental regulation progressed pollution control technology as regional enterprises continually improved, while production technology was initially suppressed, then promoted. Market-incentive environmental regulation mainly affected the green economy development level through pollution control technology progress, while the mediating effect of production technology progress was insignificant. This study provides some empirical support for the verification of Porter’s win-win hypothesis and the realization of green economic transformation in emerging countries such as China.
Evaporation characteristics of ethanol droplet in different gases under force convection condition
Authors: Mazumder Numan Siddique , Lingfa Pradip , Neog Champak Kr 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ethanol is recognized as one of the finest alternative bio-fuels due to its natural characteristics. Fundamental studies on ethanol droplet evaporation process are mainly either in stagnant environment or using some semi-empirical co-relations. Here, a fully numerical model based on the first principle is solved to investigate the effects of various atmospheric gases (Ar, N2, O2 and CO2) on droplet evaporation phenomenon under force convective situation. Two-dimensional governing equations of species, momentum and energy transfer of spherical coordinate system are solved, and the simulation is validated quantitatively with the literature. Uniform convective strength (Re = 100) is maintained for all cases examined at T∞ = 500 K and P∞ = 0.1 MPa. From the simulation results, it is observed that the viscosity ratio (liquid to gas) has effect on droplet life time. The ethanol droplet life time increases in less viscous atmospheric gases. The ethanol droplet life time is shorter in Ar gas, but heat-up period, wet-bulb temperature, and the surface blowing effect are higher in Ar compared to other atmospheric gases. The heat-up periods of the ethanol droplet in Ar, CO2, N2 and O2 atmosphere occupy around 30%, 20%, 17% and 16.5% of the total life time of the droplet, respectively. It is also noticed that, the heat-up period increases with increase in the thermal conductivity ratio (liquid to gas) and vice versa. Furthermore, the flow pattern of both gas- and liquid-phase in terms of streamline and the internal temperature distributions of the droplet are visualized at various time instants.
Optimization design of spring hammer calibration device based on response surface method
Authors: Gao Jianzhuo , Luo Xin , Wang Ningxi , Chen Long 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In order to improve the measurement ability of the spring hammer calibration device and reduce the energy loss in the collision process, a structural optimization design method based on response surface method is proposed. The optimization goal of this method is to minimize the deformation and mass of the impact structure. By analyzing the response surface, the influences of different size parameters on the optimization results are obtained. Optimization results show that: the relationship between the size parameters and the maximum deformation is non-linear, and the relationship with the mass is partially linear; the changes of overall length L and the upper width a have the greatest influences on the optimization results. Analysis of AONVA is carried out and the results prove the successful optimization. After optimization, the maximum deformation of impact end is 0.0085125 mm and the mass is 0.045681 kg. The maximum deformation is reduced by 24.59%, and the mass is reduced by 12.97%. The optimization meets the requirements of high strength and light weight, proving the effectiveness of the proposed design method for impact structural based on response surface curve and multi-target variable optimization. The response surface method improves the optimization efficiency while ensuring the accuracy, which is a new path for the optimization on spring hammer calibration device.