bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI SEDIAAN HARD CANDY SARI BUAH NANAS (Ananas comosus L.) SEBAGAI NUTRASETIKAL
Authors: Nurul Salsa Abya Ritonga  , Gabena Indrayani Dalimunthe  , Minda Sari Lubis  , Anny Sartika Daulay  
Published: May 2023

Permen (candy) memiliki cita rasa manis dan segar yang membuat hampir seluruh masyarakat menyukainya mulai dari anak-anak sampai orang dewasa. Permen menurut jenisnya dua yaitu permen kristalin dan permen non kristalin. Salah satu contoh permen ialah hard candy. Hard candy non kristalin memiliki komposisi sirup glukosa, sukrosa, air, bahan tambahannya flavor, pewarna, zat pengasam. Flavor dari essens atau sari buah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui jumlah sukrosa yang baik dalam penentuan rasa hard candy dan hasil evaluasi sediaan hard candy sari nanas. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dan meliputi perlakuan buah nanas, produksi sari nanas, produksi hard candy, pengujian organoleptik, pengujian pH, keseragaman bobot, kadar abu, dan kadar air. Berisi parameter uji permen, uji hedonik hasilnya disajikan secara deskriptif. Pembuatan hard candy menggunakan metode open pan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sari nanas diformulasikan dalam sediaan hard candy dengan variasi kadar sukrosa FI (1500 mg), FII (2000 mg) dan FIII (3000 mg) dengan jumlah masing-masing 11,114 mg, 11,614 mg, dan 12,614 mg secara berurut. Bentuk menarik, rasa, kekerasan yang baik, memiliki pH 5 serta memenuhi semua persyaratan uji evaluasi keseragaman bobot dengan koefisien variasi 1% , 0,80%, 1% , kadar air 2,8%, 2,12%, 1,76% , kadar abu 1,7%, 1,1%, 1,02%, hedonik dari suka 1,24, 1,39, 2 . Hasil uji hedonik dari rasa, tekstur, suka menunjukkan F3 formula terbaik yang banyak disukai dengan kadar sukrosa. Kadar sukrosa memberikan pengaruh terhadap tingkat rasa, suka, kekerasan.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI SITOTOKSISITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) DENGAN METODE BSLT
Authors: Sri Natalia Saragih  , M Pandapotan Nasution  , Haris Munandar Nasution  , Rafita Yuniarti  
Published: May 2023

Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki khasiat antikanker adalah daun ungu (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff) yang termasuk dalam famili Acanthaceae. Kandungan metabolit sekunder pada daun ungu merupakan golongan flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan pigmen yang terdapat pada tumbuhan dan merupakan salah satu senyawa kimia yang memiliki efek anti kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam simplisia daun ungu dan ekstrak etanol daun ungu serta potensi antikanker ekstrak etanol daun ungu dengan menentukan LC50. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan skrining fitokimia daun ungu, karakterisasi simplisia dan studi sitotoksisitas daun ungu. Uji sitotoksik ekstrak etanol daun ungu dilakukan dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) pada berbagai konsentrasi 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 300 ppm, 400 ppm, 500 ppm, 600 ppm, 700 ppm, 800 ppm, 900 ppm dan 1000 ppm. Skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa daun ungu mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, steroid dan glikosida. Hasil karakterisasi daun ungu diketahui kadar air 6,66%, kadar sari larut air 30,85%, kadar sari larut etanol 12,47%, kadar abu total 7,95% dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,86%. Hasil karakterisasi sesuai dengan Materia Medika Indonesia. Hasil pengujian yang diperoleh dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lehality Test menunjukkan nilai LC50 sebesar 302,9005 µg/ml, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun ungu bersifat sitotoksik dan memiliki sifat antikanker. Senyawa uji bersifat toksik jika LC50 kurang dari 1000 µg/ml.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MAHKOTA DEWA (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) TERHADAP Propionibacterium acnes
Authors: Syalsabila Putri  , Ridwanto  , Haris Munandar Nasution  , Anny Sartika Daulay  
Published: May 2023

Daun Mahkota Dewa merupakan tanaman asli indonesia yang berasal dari daerah Papua. Daun mahkota dewa di masyarakat sibolga biasa digunakam untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit secara alamiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam daun mahkota dewa dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun mahkota dewa terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Ekstrak simplisia daun mahkota dewa dibuat dengan pelarut etanol 96% dengan metode maserasi. Ekstrak etanol daun mahkota dewa dibuat didalam berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 30%, 40%, 50%. Kontrol positif yang digunakan yaitu Tetraksiklin HCl dan kontrol negatif yang digunakan ialah DMSO. Ada beberapa pengujian yang dilakukan pada daun mahkota dewa yaitu skrining fitokimia, pemeriksaan makroskopik dan mikroskopik, pemeriksaan kadar air, kadar sari larut dalam air, kadar sari larut dalam etanol, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun mahkota dewa mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid/triterpenoid yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terhadap antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun mahkota dewa dapat digunakan untuk menghambat bakteri Propionibacterium acnes.Adapun hasil pada konsentrasi 30% berdiameter 8,03 mm dikategorikan sedang, pada konsentrasi 40% berdiameter 9,26 mm dikategorikan sedang, dan pada konsentrasi 50% berdiameter 9,73 mm dikategorikan sedang.
Molecular Epidemiology of Bulgarian Clinically Significant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: Gergova Raina , Tsitou Virna-Maria , Dimov Svetoslav G. , Gergova Ivanka , Alexandrova Alexandra , Strateva Tanya 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Severe infections due to highly virulent and resistant Staphylococcus aureus pose a serious health threat in Bulgaria and worldwide. The purpose of this study was to explore the clonal spread of recent clinically significant methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates from inpatients and outpatients treated in three university hospitals in Sofia, Bulgaria, during the period 2016–2020 and evaluate the relationship between their molecular epidemiology, virulence profiling, and antimicrobial resistance. A total of 85 isolates (invasive and noninvasive) were studied using RAPD analysis. Ten major clusters (A-K) were identified. The first major cluster A (31.8%) was found to be predominant during 2016 and 2017 and was widespread in two hospitals, unlike its case in the following years, when it was found to be replaced by newer cluster groups. All MSSA members of the second most common cluster F (11.8%) were recovered from the Military Medical Academy, mainly during 2018–2020, and were determined to be susceptible to all other groups of antimicrobials, except for penicillins without inhibitors because they harboured the blaZ gene. The newer cluster I, with 9.4% of the isolates absent in 2016–2017, showed significantly higher virulence and macrolide resistance (42.9%) due to ermB and ermC. All the isolated MSSA in groups F and I were nosocomial and mostly invasive. In conclusion, this 5-year study demonstrates the molecular epidemiology of MSSA infections in three Bulgarian hospitals. Findings can be helpful for the understanding of staphylococcal infection distribution in hospital settings and their prevention.
Pengaruh Current Ratio, Return On Equity, dan Net Profit Margin terhadap Return Saham pada Subsektor Telekomunikasi Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2016-2020
Authors: Ramadhanti Jenny 
Published: May 2023

The aim of this research is to provide evidence regarding the effect of solvency ratios and profitability ratios on stock return. The financial ratios studied were Current Ratio, Return on Equity, and Net Profit Margin as independent variables and Stock Return as the dependent variable. The number of samples used in this study were telecommunication companies listed on the IDX which were actively traded from 2016 to 2020. The sampling method used was purposive sampling where sampling was carried out based on certain conditions. The statistical method used in this research is multiple regression method.The results of this study indicate that the variable Current Ratio ,Return on Equity, and Net Profit Margin simultaneously have a significant effect on the stock return, and Return on Equity ratio has a partially effect on Stock Retun.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Kantor Camat Merlung
Authors: Anila Nurul 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this research is to know the of discciplinel condition of work and performance of employees at districk office merlung kab tanjung jabung barat and to know the impact of the working disccipline on the performance of employees at districk office merlung kab.tanjung jabung barat. In discussing this issue authors use quantitative descriptive method that is by looking for information about the symptoms, clearly defined objectives to be achieved, plan the way of approach, collecting data as Materials to create a report. In this research the author held comparisons between discipline condition to the performance of employees in merlung kab . tajung jabung barat. Districk office merlung a government institution is responsible for the provision of services to the community in its working area. The provision of services to distrik office, discipline is one of the main factors for the success of a local government agency. The constant value of 0.840 gives the meaning that if the working disccpline variable (X) is 0, then the performance variable (Y) is worth 0.840. Furthermore, with the simple linear regression equation above, there is a value of variable regression coefficient of work discipline which is positive value of 0,883. If the value of the working environment coefficient is positive if changes to the work environment variables will result in a directional change in the performance variable. In this study, it can be analyzed the magnitude of the working discipline to the performance of 0,883. This means that if the working disicipline of districk office merlung increased by 1%, employees ' performance will increase by 88.3%. Workingt discipline on districk office merlung high employment with an average score of 150,71. Furthermore, employee performance at Districk office Manpower is very high with an average score of 133,4. Based on the hypothesis test it is noted that there is a significant influence between working disicpline and employee performance in districk office . This can is evidenced by the comparison between the calculated T value larger than t table (3,125 > 2,0369). The working discipline can affect performance by 24,6 % and the remaining 76,6% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study
İlkokullarda Kullanılan İngilizce Ders Kitaplarındaki Değerlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Gündüz Gülten Feryal , Özışık Cem 
Published: May 2023

Çalışmanın amacı ilkokul İngilizce ders kitaplarında değerlere yer verilme durumunun ne olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup; verileri doküman analizi tekniği ile elde edilmiştir. 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında devlet okullarında okutulmakta olan ilkokul İngilizce ders kitapları veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Ders kitaplarındaki değerleri tespit etmek için Değer İnceleme Formu oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmada verilerin analizinde betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmış; elde edilen verilerin frekans ve yüzde değerleri verilmiş; bulgular alıntılarla desteklenmiştir. Kodlayıcılar arası Miles ve Huberman güvenirlik katsayısı %84’dür. Ders kitaplarında en fazla karşılaşılan değerler 2.sınıfta sevgi, sağlıklı olmaya önem verme, dostluk ve sorumluluk; 3.sınıfta sevgi ve sağlıklı olmaya önem verme; 4.sınıfta özdenetim ve sorumluluk değerleridir. Adalet, dürüstlük, saygı ve fedakârlık değerleri ise hiç karşılaşılmayan ya da çok az karşılaşılan değerlerdir. İncelenen kitaplarda değerlere 2. ve 3.sınıf ders kitaplarında en çok resimlerde yer verilirken; 4.sınıf ders kitabında ise resim, ses ve metin dosyalarında hemen hemen eşit yer verildiği görülmektedir.
Teknoloji Odaklı Fen Eğitimi Uygulamalarının Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgilerine ve Teknoloji Entegrasyonu Öz-yeterlik Algılarına Etkisi
Authors: Sungur Gül Kibar 
Published: May 2023

Bu araştırmada teknoloji odaklı fen eğitimi uygulamalarının fen bilgisi öğretmen adaylarının Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgilerine (TPAB) ve teknoloji entegrasyonuna öz-yeterlik algılarına etkisinin incelenmesine odaklanılmıştır. Çalışmada tek grup ön test-son test deneysel desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel aşamasında örneklemini 19, nitel aşamasında ise katılımcılarını altı fen bilgisi öğretmen adayı oluşturmaktadır. Nicel veri toplama araçları olarak “Tekno-pedagojik (TPAB) eğitim yeterlikleri ölçeği” ile “Teknoloji entegrasyonu öz-yeterlik algıları ölçeği”, nitel veri toplama aracı olarak ise yarı yapılandırılmış yüz yüze görüşme formu tercih edilmiştir. Nicel veriler için bağımlı gruplar t testi, nitel veriler için ise betimsel analizden faydalanılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda, teknoloji odaklı eğitim uygulamalarının öğretmen adaylarının TPAB yeterliklerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu ve teknoloji entegrasyonu öz-yeterlik algılarını olumlu yönde etkilediği ancak anlamlı düzeyde fark oluşturmadığı bulunmuştur. Öğretmen adaylarının görüşmedeki ifadeleri, ölçeklerle elde edilen bulguları desteklemiştir. Sonuçlar, teorik çerçeve ve deneysel araştırma doğrultusunda tartışılmış ve gelecek araştırmalar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
‘The Great Mrs Churchill was No More’: Death in Jane Austen’s Novels
Authors: Dooley Gillian 
Published: May 2023

Death was a common occurrence in Jane Austen’s life. Her father died in 1805; her friend Mrs Lefroy was killed in an accident in 1804; her sister’s fiancé died in 1797. In the songs she sang and played, death was a recurrent theme, with sentimental and melodramatic lyrics vowing fidelity unto death, or mourning the passing of a lover or a sister. However, death usually keeps to the background of the emotional landscape of her novels. No character we ‘know’ well dies in the course of any of the novels, although some – Marianne Dashwood, Tom Bertram, Louisa Musgrove – may be in mortal danger. Deaths ‘offstage’ can liberate characters, like Eleanor Tilney and Frank Churchill. Other deaths, typically of parents before a novel’s action begins, put the main characters in perilous financial situations, or deprive them of essential moral and emotional support at an early age. The few examples where a child or young person has died – Fanny Price’s sister, Captain Benwick’s fiancée, Dick Musgrove – provide perceptive portrayals of characters grieving in their idiosyncratic ways. In this essay I aim to explore whether particular deaths are ever much more than plot devices in Austen’s novels. To what extent does the form of comedy constrain her from dealing with darker themes? Does her resistance to melodrama and sentimentality mean that she avoids deaths or intimations of mortality in the six completed works, or can grief and the fear of death undercut the gaiety of even the most light-hearted of her novels, and pervade the shadowy depths of the more serious works?
Long-term effects of GH therapy in adult patients with Prader-Willi syndrome: a longitudinal study
Authors: Grugni Graziano , Sartorio Alessandro , Soranna Davide , Zambon Antonella , Grugni Lucia , Zampino Giuseppe , Crinò Antonino 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPrader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex disorder resulting from the failure of expression of paternal alleles in the PWS region of chromosome 15. The PWS phenotype resembles that observed in the classic non-PWS GH deficiency (GHD), including short stature, excessive fat mass, and reduced muscle mass. To date, a small number of studies on the long-term effects of GH treatment are available in adult subjects with PWS.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, 12 obese subjects with PWS (GHD/non-GHD 6/6) were treated for a median of 17 years, with a median GH dose of 0.35 mg/day. The median age was 27.1 years. Anthropometric, body composition, hormonal, biochemical, and blood pressure variables were analyzed in all subjects.ResultsWaist circumference was significantly lower at the end of the treatment period (p-value=0.0449), while body mass index (BMI) did not differ significantly. Compared to the baseline, a highly significant reduction of Fat Mass % (FM%) was observed (p-value=0.0005). IGF-I SDS values significantly increased during GH therapy (p-value=0.0005). A slight impairment of glucose homeostasis was observed after GH therapy, with an increase in the median fasting glucose levels, while insulin, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c values remained unchanged. Considering GH secretory status, both subjects with and without GHD showed a significant increase in IGF-I SDS and a reduction of FM% after GH therapy (p-value= 0.0313 for all).DiscussionOur results indicate that long-term GH treatment has beneficial effects on body composition and body fat distribution in adults with PWS associated with obesity. However, the increase in glucose values during GH therapy should be considered, and continuous surveillance of glucose metabolism is mandatory during long-term GH therapy, especially in subjects with obesity.
Presence of 6PPD-quinone in runoff water samples from Norway using a new LC–MS/MS method
Authors: Kryuchkov Fedor , Foldvik Anders , Sandodden Roar , Uhlig Silvio 
Published: May 2023

The chemical 6PPD-quinone is highly toxic to some fish species of the Oncorhynchus and Salvelinus genera and is the oxidation product of the common car tire additive 6PPD. We present a new sample preparation method that involves liquid-liquid extraction of water samples followed by silica-based solid phase extraction prior to LC–MS/MS analysis. The new sample preparation method showed good analyte recovery from spiked water samples (78%–91%) and a low ion suppression effect, surpassing previously published methods. This new method was successfully validated, achieving a limit of quantification of 5 ng/L and estimated expanded measurement uncertainty of 18.6%. In a proof-of-concept study, the method was applied to several water samples from various sources in Southern Norway. These were runoff samples from tunnel washing, from a tunnel runoff treatment plant and downstream of the plant drain. In addition, two water samples from puddles were included: one was run-off from an artificial soccer turf field and one from a puddle on a country road. The results of the analyses revealed that the concentration of 6PPD-quinone was above the LC50 reported for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in all samples except the samples from and downstream of the treatment plant. The highest measured concentration was 258 ng/L, which is the 2.7-fold of the reported LC50 in coho salmon (95 ng/L). Our initial data emphasize the need for more comprehensive environmental monitoring of 6PPD-quinone as well as toxicological studies in aquatic organisms.
Anti-staphylococcus aureus adaptive immunity is impaired in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis: one-year longitudinal study
Authors: Darbouret- Hervier Anne , Assi Nada , Asensio Marie-Jeanne , Bernabe Beatrice , Lechevallier Aurélie , Iantomasi Raffaella , Rokbi Bachra , Botelho-Nevers Elisabeth , Ruiz Sophie 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionPatients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) display defects in adaptive and innate immunity, increasing susceptibility to infection. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major cause of bacteraemia in this population and is associated with increased mortality. More information on the immune response to S. aureus in these patients is needed to inform effective vaccine development.MethodsA longitudinal prospective study was carried out at two medical centers and included 48 ESRD patients who started chronic hemodialysis (HD) treatment ≤3 months before inclusion. Control samples were taken from 62 consenting healthy blood donors. Blood samples were obtained from ESRD patients at each visit, on month (M) 0 (beginning of HD), M6 and M12. Around 50 immunological markers of adaptive and innate immunity were assessed to compare immune responses to S. aureus in ESRD patients versus controls to document the changes on their immune profile during HD.ResultsS. aureus survival in whole blood was significantly higher in ESRD patients than in controls at M0 (P=0.049), while impaired oxidative burst activity was observed in ESRD patients at all timepoints (P&lt;0.001). S. aureus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to iron surface determinant B (IsdB) and S. aureus α hemolysin (Hla) antigens were lower in ESRD patients than in healthy donors at M0 (P=0.003 and P=0.007, respectively) and M6 (P=0.05 and P=0.03, respectively), but were restored to control levels at M12. Moreover, S. aureus-specific T-helper cell responses were comparable to controls for IsdB but were impaired for Hla antigen at all timepoints: 10% of ESRD patients responded to Hla at M0, increasing to 30% at M12, compared with 45% of healthy donors. B-cell and T-cell concentrations in blood were significantly reduced (by 60% and 40%, respectively) compared with healthy controls. Finally, upregulation of Human Leucocyte Antigen-DR (HLA-DR) and C-C chemokine Receptor type 2 (CCR2) was impaired at M0 but was restored during the first year of HD.ConclusionAll together, these results show that adaptive immunity was largely impaired in ESRD patients, whereas innate immunity was less impacted and tended to be restored by HD.
Genetic analysis of dystonia-related genes in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wang Yige , Zhao Yuwen , Pan Hongxu , Zeng Qian , Zhou Xiaoxia , Xiang Yaqin , Zhou Zhou , Xu Qian , Sun Qiying , Tan Jieqiong , Yan Xinxiang , Li Jinchen , Guo Jifeng , Tang Beisha , Yu Qiao , Liu Zhenhua 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveParkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia are two closely related movement disorders with overlaps in clinical phenotype. Variants in several dystonia-related genes were demonstrated to be associated with PD; however, genetic evidence for the involvement of dystonia-related genes in PD has not been fully studied. Here, we comprehensively investigated the association between rare variants in dystonia-related genes and PD in a large Chinese cohort.MethodsWe comprehensively analyzed the rare variants of 47 known dystonia-related genes by mining the whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 3,959 PD patients and 2,931 healthy controls. We initially identified potentially pathogenic variants of dystonia-related genes in patients with PD based on different inheritance models. Sequence kernel association tests were conducted in the next step to detect the association between the burden of rare variants and the risk for PD.ResultsWe found that five patients with PD carried potentially pathogenic biallelic variants in recessive dystonia-related genes including COL6A3 and TH. Additionally, we identified 180 deleterious variants in dominant dystonia-related genes based on computational pathogenicity predictions and four of which were considered as potentially pathogenic variants (p.W591X and p.G820S in ANO3, p.R678H in ADCY5, and p.R458Q in SLC2A1). A gene-based burden analysis revealed the increased burden of variant subgroups of TH, SQSTM1, THAP1, and ADCY5 in sporadic early-onset PD, whereas COL6A3 was associated with sporadic late-onset PD. However, none of them reached statistical significance after the Bonferroni correction.ConclusionOur findings indicated that rare variants in several dystonia-related genes are suggestively associated with PD, and taken together, the role of COL6A3 and TH genes in PD is highlighted.