bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neural Correlates of Updating and Gating in Procedural Working Memory
Authors: Nir-Cohen Gal , Egner Tobias , Kessler Yoav 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Goal-directed behavior relies on maintaining relevant goals in working memory (WM) and updating them when required. Computational modeling, behavioral, and neuroimaging work has previously identified the processes and brain regions involved in selecting, updating, and maintaining declarative information, such as letters and pictures. However, the neural substrates that underlie the analogous processes that operate on procedural information, namely, task goals, are currently unknown. Forty-three participants were therefore scanned with fMRI while performing a procedural version of the reference-back paradigm that allowed for the decomposition of WM updating processes into gate-opening, gate-closing, task switching, and task cue conflict components. Significant behavioral costs were observed for each of these components, with interactions indicating facilitation between gate-opening and task switching, and a modulation of cue conflict by gate state. In neural terms, opening the gate to procedural WM was associated with activity in medial pFC, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), the basal ganglia (BG), thalamus, and midbrain, but only when the task set needed to be updated. Closing the gate to procedural WM was associated with frontoparietal and BG activity specifically in conditions where conflicting task cues had to be ignored. Task switching was associated with activity in the medial pFC/ACC, PPC, and BG, whereas cue conflict was associated with PPC and BG activity during gate closing but was abolished when the gate was already closed. These results are discussed in relation to declarative WM and to gating models of WM.
Can the Brain Strategically Go on Automatic Pilot? The Effect of If–Then Planning on Behavioral Flexibility
Authors: van Timmeren Tim , O'Doherty John P. , Dzinalija Nadza , de Wit Sanne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
People often have good intentions but fail to adhere to them. Implementation intentions, a form of strategic planning, can help people to close this intention–behavior gap. Their effectiveness has been proposed to depend on the mental formation of a stimulus–response association between a trigger and target behavior, thereby creating an “instant habit.” If implementation intentions do indeed lead to reliance on habitual control, then this may come at the cost of reduced behavioral flexibility. Furthermore, we would expect a shift from recruitment of corticostriatal brain regions implicated in goal-directed control toward habit regions. To test these ideas, we performed a fMRI study in which participants received instrumental training supported by either implementation or goal intentions, followed by an outcome revaluation to test reliance on habitual versus goal-directed control. We found that implementation intentions led to increased efficiency early in training, as reflected by higher accuracy, faster RTs, and decreased anterior caudate engagement. However, implementation intentions did not reduce behavioral flexibility when goals changed during the test phase, nor did it affect the underlying corticostriatal pathways. In addition, this study showed that “slips of action” toward devalued outcomes are associated with reduced activity in brain regions implicated in goal-directed control (ventromedial prefrontal cortex and lateral orbitofrontal cortex) and increased activity of the fronto-parietal salience network (including the insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, and SMA). In conclusion, our behavioral and neuroimaging findings suggest that strategic if–then planning does not lead to a shift from goal-directed toward habitual control.
Persistent organochlorine pollutant residues in water, sediment, and fish from Efteni Lake, North-West Türkiye
Authors: Özkan Leyla 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Efteni Lake, Wildlife Development Area is under anthropogenic pressure regarding agriculture and water management. This study aimed to determine and evaluate the persistence of an organochlorine pollutant (POP) and its bio-accumulation and bio-magnification from the water to fish in the lake. Therefore, water, sediment, and fish (Tinca tinca) specimens were collected from different points in the lake. The study showed that dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) compounds were the highest among the organochlorine pesticide (OCP) groups and were found in 100% of all specimens. However, the frequency rates and the concentrations recorded for 4,4-DDT (a DDT metabolite) were higher than for DDT compounds in all three specimen types. The mean total polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were , , and in the water, sediment, and fish specimens, respectively. In conclusion, the concentration of OCPs in the water significantly was lower than in the sediment and fish. The top three PCB congeners, as per their mean levels were PCB 138, 151, and 153. Reducing human pressure on Efteni Lake is crucial because POP residues in the lake are likely to pose a danger to aquatic organisms, other wildlife, and to human health.
Dialogue, Dasein, and Destiny: Heidegger’s Challenge to Dialogical Comparative Political Theory
Authors: Berk Timothy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article critically assesses the influence of Heidegger on the “dialogical” school of comparative political theory, and in particular the writings of Fred Dallmayr. In response to dialogical cpt’s employment of Heidegger in service of democratic, egalitarian, and cosmopolitan ends, this article reconstructs Heidegger’s own projects of intercultural dialogue as attempts to awaken the inegalitarian political-spiritual potential of elect nations, such as the Germans, Greeks, and Japanese against the tide of liberal modernity. Contra Dallmayr, the article analyzes the political unity of Heidegger’s treatment of “authentic” intercultural dialogues in his speeches and lectures from 1933–34, his 1941–2 lecture courses on Hölderlin, and his semi-fictional dialogue between a German “Inquirer” and “Japanese” in the 1950s. It outlines the existence of an illiberal Heideggerian cpt and concludes that dialogical cpt scholars should reconceive of their dialogue with Heidegger as one with an “other” to the egalitarian pluralism that they seek to promote.
The Coastal Effect on Ahead-of-Eye-Center Cooling Induced by Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Zheng Yunxia , Ma Zhanhong , Tang Jie , Zhang Zheliang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The characteristics of in-storm cooling occurring ahead of the eye center are investigated based on a combination of observations and numerical simulations, as well as its sensitivity to tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics and oceanic climatological conditions. A composite of drifter and remote sensing observations from 1979 to 2020 in the Northern Hemisphere statistically evidences that the percentage of TC-induced ahead-of-eye-center cooling is enhanced remarkably over the coastal ocean compared with that over the open sea, no matter what the TC intensity, translation speed, and prestorm SST conditions are. Results are statistically similar when the actual ahead-of-eye SST cooling is used. Idealized numerical simulation results show that as the TC center approaches the coastline, the percentage of ahead-of-eye-center cooling increases steadily with the water depth shallowing below 100 m. This phenomenon may not be caused by strong stratification of the coastal ocean, as previous studies suggested. An ocean heat balance analysis reveals a new mechanism responsible for the enhanced percentage of ahead-of-eye-center cooling near the coast: although the vertical mixing dominates in the surface cooling process over the open sea, broad and intense advection is largely responsible for the rapid increase of the percentage of ahead-of-eye-center cooling over the coastal ocean, owing to less cold-water entrainment from below. A series of sensitivity experiments are conducted by varying TC characteristics in terms of intensity, translation speed, radius of maximum wind speed, and ocean characteristics in terms of temperature profiles and slope rates of the shelf. The percentage of ahead-of-eye-center cooling is dependent on the intensity and translation speed of TCs but shows little sensitivity to other parameters.
Sources of Sport Satisfaction and Perceived Self-Efficacy Among Youth in a Competitive Environment
Authors: Reverdito Riller Silva , Fonseca Sofia , Lopes Antonio , Aires Karyna , Santos Alves Luciano , Alves de Lima Leilane , Tavares Mayara de Almeida , Gonçalves Carlos 
Published: March 2023

Young people’s sources of satisfaction in sport are an important indicator of their long-term sport participation. Contextual factors and an individual’s internal dispositions act synergistically to determine a positive experience. We studied sources of sport satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy of 1,151 male and female youth athletes ( M age = 14.72, SD = 1.56 years) in Brazil who were engaged in school state level competition. The participants responded to questionnaires on their sport satisfaction and perceived self-efficacy. We considered sex, training time, and last game results as independent variables in accessing participant differences in perceived satisfaction. We observed an increasing trend toward more significant satisfaction as sport experience increased. Perceived self-efficacy was a moderator for young participants’ self-reported positive experience in sports. Thus, in our offer of evidence on sources of satisfaction in sport and perceived self-efficacy among youth in competition, we found the extent of the sport experience and self-efficacy to be important factors in the developmental pathway.
A Prediction Model of Effective Thermal Conductivity for Metal Powder Bed in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Zhao Yizhen , Zhang Hang , Cai Jianglong , Ji Shaokun , Li Dichen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn current research, many researchers propose analytical expressions for calculating the packing structure of spherical particles such as DN Model, Compact Model and NLS criterion et al. However, there is still a question that has not been well explained yet. That is: What is the core factors affecting the thermal conductivity of particles? In this paper, based on the coupled discrete element-finite difference (DE-FD) method and spherical aluminum powder, the relationship between the parameters and the thermal conductivity of the powder (ETCp) is studied. It is found that the key factor that can described the change trend of ETCp more accurately is not the materials of the powder but the average contact area between particles (aave) which also have a close nonlinear relationship with the average particle size d50. Based on this results, the expression for calculating the ETCp of the sphere metal powder is successfully reduced to only one main parameter d50 and an efficient calculation model is proposed which can applicate both in room and high temperature and the corresponding error is less than 20.9% in room temperature. Therefore, in this study, based on the core factors analyzation, a fast calculation model of ETCp is proposed, which has a certain guiding significance in the field of thermal field simulation.
Nanoparticles advanced from preclinical studies to clinical trials for lung cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Yifan , Cheng Wenxu , Xin HongYi , Liu Ran , Wang Qinqi , Cai Wenqi , Peng Xiaochun , Yang Fuyuan , Xin HongWu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality. As a heterogeneous disease, it has different subtypes and various treatment modalities. In addition to conventional surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have also been applied in the clinics. However, drug resistance and systemic toxicity still cannot be avoided. Based on the unique properties of nanoparticles, it provides a new idea for lung cancer therapy, especially for targeted immunotherapy. When nanoparticles are used as carriers of drugs with special physical properties, the nanodrug delivery system ensures the accuracy of targeting and the stability of drugs while increasing the permeability and the aggregation of drugs in tumor tissues, showing good anti-tumor effects. This review introduces the properties of various nanoparticles including polymer nanoparticles, liposome nanoparticles, quantum dots, dendrimers, and gold nanoparticles and their applications in tumor tissues. In addition, the specific application of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for lung cancer therapy in preclinical studies and clinical trials is discussed.
Genomic prediction in pigs using data from a commercial crossbred population: insights from the Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire) three-way crossbreeding system
Authors: Liu Siyi , Yao Tianxiong , Chen Dong , Xiao Shijun , Chen Liqing , Zhang Zhiyan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Genomic selection is widely applied for genetic improvement in livestock crossbreeding systems to select excellent nucleus purebred (PB) animals and to improve the performance of commercial crossbred (CB) animals. Most current predictions are based solely on PB performance. Our objective was to explore the potential application of genomic selection of PB animals using genotypes of CB animals with extreme phenotypes in a three-way crossbreeding system as the reference population. Using real genotyped PB as ancestors, we simulated the production of 100,000 pigs for a Duroc x (Landrace x Yorkshire) DLY crossbreeding system. The predictive performance of breeding values of PB animals for CB performance using genotypes and phenotypes of (1) PB animals, (2) DLY animals with extreme phenotypes, and (3) random DLY animals for traits of different heritabilities ($${h}^{2}$$

h

2

= 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) was compared across different reference population sizes (500 to 6500) and prediction models (genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) and Bayesian sparse linear mixed model (BSLMM)).

Results
Using a reference population consisting of CB animals with extreme phenotypes showed a definite predictive advantage for medium- and low-heritability traits and, in combination with the BSLMM model, significantly improved selection response for CB performance. For high-heritability traits, the predictive performance of a reference population of extreme CB phenotypes was comparable to that of PB phenotypes when the effect of the genetic correlation between PB and CB performance ($${r}_{pc}$$

r

pc

) on the accuracy obtained with a PB reference population was considered, and the former could exceed the latter if the reference size was large enough. For the selection of the first and terminal sires in a three-way crossbreeding system, prediction using extreme CB phenotypes outperformed the use of PB phenotypes, while the optimal design of the reference group for the first dam depended on the percentage of individuals from the corresponding breed that the PB reference data comprised and on the heritability of the target trait.

Conclusions
A commercial crossbred population is promising for the design of the reference population for genomic prediction, and selective genotyping of CB animals with extreme phenotypes has the potential for maximizing genetic improvement for CB performance in the pig industry.
Characterization of grain carotenoids in global sorghum germplasm to guide genomics-assisted breeding strategies
Authors: Cruet-Burgos Clara , Morris Geoffrey P. , Rhodes Davina H. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Crop biofortification is a successful strategy to ameliorate Vitamin A deficiency. Sorghum is a good candidate for vitamin A biofortification, as it is a staple food in regions with high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. β-carotene—the main provitamin A carotenoid—is below the target concentration in sorghum grain, therefore biofortification breeding is required. Previous studies found evidence that sorghum carotenoid variation is oligogenic, suggesting that marker-assisted selection can be an appropriate biofortification method. However, we hypothesize that sorghum carotenoids have both oligogenic and polygenic components of variation. Genomics-assisted breeding could accelerate breeding efforts, but there exists knowledge gaps in the genetics underlying carotenoid variation, as well as appropriate germplasm to serve as donors.

Results
In this study, we characterized carotenoids in 446 accessions from the sorghum association panel and carotenoid panel using high-performance liquid chromatography, finding high carotenoid accessions not previously identified. Genome-wide association studies conducted with 345 accessions, confirmed that zeaxanthin epoxidase is a major gene underlying variation for not only zeaxanthin, but also lutein and β-carotene. High carotenoid lines were found to have limited genetic diversity, and originated predominantly from only one country. Potential novel genetic diversity for carotenoid content was identified through genomic predictions in 2,495 accessions of unexplored germplasm. Oligogenic variation of carotenoids was confirmed, as well as evidence for polygenic variation, suggesting both marker-assisted selection and genomic selection can facilitate breeding efforts.

Conclusions
Sorghum vitamin A biofortification could be beneficial for millions of people who rely on it as a dietary staple. Carotenoid content in sorghum is low, but high heritability suggests that increasing concentrations through breeding is possible. Low genetic diversity among high carotenoid lines might be the main limitation for breeding efforts, therefore further germplasm characterization is needed to assess the feasibility of biofortification breeding. Based on germplasm here evaluated, most countries’ germplasm lacks high carotenoid alleles, thus pre-breeding will be needed. A SNP marker within the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene was identified as a good candidate for use in marker-assisted selection. Due to the oligogenic and polygenic variation of sorghum grain carotenoids, both marker-assisted selection and genomic selection can be employed to accelerate breeding efforts.
Subjective socioeconomic status: an alternative to objective socioeconomic status
Authors: Zhao Maryann , Huang Chuan-Chin , Mendoza Milagros , Tovar Ximena , Lecca Leonid , Murray Megan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSubjective “ladder” measurements of socio-economic status (SES) are easy-to-administer tools that ask respondents to rate their own SES, allowing them to evaluate their own material resources and determine where it places them relative to their community. Here, we sought to compare the MacArthur Scale of Subjective Social status to the WAMI, an objective measure of SES that includes data on water and sanitation, asset ownership, education, and income.MethodsLeveraging a study of 595 tuberculosis patients in Lima, Peru, we compared the MacArthur ladder score to the WAMI score using weighted Kappa scores and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. We identified outliers that fell outside the 95thpercentile and assessed the durability of the inconsistencies between scores by re-testing a subset of participants. We then used Akaike information criterion (AIC) to compare the predictability of logistic regression models evaluating the association between the two SES scoring systems and history of asthma.ResultsThe correlation coefficient between the MacArthur ladder and WAMI scores was 0.37 and the weighted Kappa was 0.26. The correlation coefficients differed by less than 0.04 and the Kappa ranged from 0.26 to 0.34, indicating fair agreement. When we replaced the initial MacArthur ladder scores with retest scores, the number of individuals with disagreements between the two scores decreased from 21 to 10 and the correlation coefficient and weighted Kappa both increased by at least 0.03. Lastly, we found that when we categorized WAMI and MacArthur ladder scores into three groups, both had a linear trend association with history of asthma with effect sizes and AICs that differed by less than 15% and 2 points, respectively.ConclusionOur findings demonstrated fair agreement between the MacArthur ladder and WAMI scores. The agreement between the two SES measurements increased when they were further categorized into 3–5 categories, the form in which SES is often used in epidemiologic studies. The MacArthur score also performed similarly to WAMI in predicting a socio-economically sensitive health outcome. Researchers should consider subjective SES tools as an alternative method for measuring SES, particularly in large health studies where data collection is a burden.
Thiols as a marker of inflammatory bowel disease activity: a systematic review
Authors: Passos Rebeca Araujo , Costa Priscila Ribas Farias , da Maia Lima Claudia Feio , Santana George Mariane Soares , David Victor , de Jesus Santos Geisa , Zaltman Cyrla , Soares-Mota Marcia , Rocha Raquel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence indicates that inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is associated with increased systemic levels of reactive oxygen species. Systemic oxidative stress has been associated with reduced levels of plasma thiols. Less invasive tests capable of reflecting and predicting IBD activity are increasingly sought after. We sought to systematically review the evidence inherent in serum thiol levels as a marker of Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis activity (PROSPERO: CRD42021255521).MethodsThe highest quality documents for systematic reviews standards were used as reference. Articles were searched on Medline via PubMed, VHL, LILACS, WOS, EMBASE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, CINAHL, OVID, CTGOV, WHO/ICTRP, OPENGREY, BDTD and CAPES, between August, 03 and September, 03 on 2021. Descriptors were defined according to the Medical Subject Heading. Of the 11 articles selected for full reading, 8 were included in the review. It was not possible to perform a pooled analysis of the studies, as there were no combinable studies between subjects with active IBD and controls/inactive disease.ResultsFindings from the individual studies included in this review suggest an association between disease activity and systemic oxidation, as measured by serum thiol levels, however, there are limitations that preclude weighting the study results in a meta-analysis.ConclusionsWe recommend conducting better-designed and controlled studies, that include individuals of both phenotypes and at different stages of IBD, involving a larger number of participants, using the standardization of the technique for measuring serum thiols, to confirm whether thiols can be a good parameter for monitoring the clinical course of these intestinal diseases and the degree of clinical applicability.