bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bioresponsive Genetically Encoded Antimicrobial Crystal for the Oral Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Zhang Wenxiu , Yang Zaofeng , Zheng Jiale , Fu Kaili , Wong Jack Ho , Ni Yunbi , Ng Tzi Bun , Cho Chi Hin , Chan Michael K. , Lee Marianne M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes infection in the stomach and is a major factor for gastric carcinogenesis. The application of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as an alternative treatment to traditional antibiotics is limited by their facile degradation in the stomach, their poor penetration of the gastric mucosa, and the cost of peptide production. Here, the design and characterization of a genetically encoded H. pylori‐responsive microbicidal protein crystal Cry3Aa‐MIIA‐AMP‐P17 is described. This designed crystal exhibits preferential binding to H. pylori, and when activated, promotes the targeted release of the AMP at the H. pylori infection site. Significantly, when the activated Cry3Aa‐MIIA‐AMP‐P17 crystals are orally delivered to infected mice, the Cry3Aa crystal framework protects its cargo AMP against degradation, resulting in enhanced in vivo efficacy against H. pylori infection. Notably, in contrast to antibiotics, treatment with the activated crystals results in minimal perturbation of the mouse gut microbiota. These results demonstrate that engineered Cry3Aa crystals can serve as an effective platform for the oral delivery of therapeutic peptides to treat gastrointestinal diseases.
Pro‐inflammatory markers associated with COVID‐19‐related persistent olfactory dysfunction
Authors: Jang Sophie S. , Pak Kwang S. , Strom Allyssa , Gomez Leslie , Kim Kyubo , Doherty Taylor A. , DeConde Adam S. , Ryan Allen F. , Yan Carol H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionWhile localized inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of acute coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) olfactory dysfunction (OD), persistent COVID‐19 OD remains poorly understood with limited therapeutics. Our prospective study evaluated olfactory cleft (OC) biomarkers as predictors of persistent OD in mucus sampling.MethodsCOVID‐19 subjects with persistent OD >3 months confirmed by psychophysical olfaction tests were compared to COVID‐19 subjects with no OD and those with no prior infection. OC mucus samples were evaluated for 13 anti‐viral and inflammatory biomarkers. Cohorts were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mann–Whitney tests with multi‐comparison adjustment. Viral RNA was assessed through RT‐PCR using the COVID‐19 N2 primer.ResultsThirty‐five samples were collected (20 COVID persistent OD, 8 COVID no OD, and 7 non‐COVID no OD). Significant differences in IFN‐λ1 (p = 0.007) and IFN‐γ (p = 0.006) expression in OC mucus were found across all three groups, with the highest cytokine concentrations corresponding to COVID OD. IFN‐α2 levels were elevated in COVID OD versus no OD (p = 0.026). Mean IFN‐γ levels were the highest in COVID OD, but there were higher levels found in COVID no OD compared to non‐COVID no OD (p = 0.008). No difference was seen in IL6. No N2 gene expression was detected in all cohorts.ConclusionIFN pathway cytokines were found elevated in the olfactory microenvironment of COVID‐19 persistent OD compared to those with no OD and no prior history of COVID‐19 infection.
Profiles of lifestyle health behaviors and cognitive decline in older adults
Authors: Halloway Shannon , Wagner Maude , Tangney Christy , Lange‐Maia Brittney S. , Bennett David A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Schoeny Michael E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONWe aimed to identify profiles of modifiable, late‐life lifestyle health behaviors related to subsequent maintenance of cognition and explore sociodemographics and health characteristics as effect modifiers.METHODSAnalyses used data from 715 older adults without baseline dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and with lifestyle health behaviors (physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, social activity) at baseline and ≥ 2 annual assessments of cognition. We used latent profile analysis to group participants based on behavior patterns and assessed change in cognition by group.RESULTSThree latent profiles were identified: high (n = 183), moderate (n = 441), and low (n = 91) engagement in health behaviors. Compared to high engagement, the moderate (mean difference [MD] = ‐0.02, 95% CI = [‐0.03;‐0.0002], p = 0.048) and low (MD = ‐0.06, 95% CI = [‐0.08;‐0.03], p < 0.0001) groups had faster annual rates of decline in global cognition, with no significant effects modifiers (vascular risk factors, apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4, motor function).DISCUSSIONAvoiding low levels of lifestyle health behaviors may help maintain cognition.Highlights
Latent profile analysis (LPA) captures lifestyle health behaviors associated with cognitive function.
Such behavior include physical activity, cognitive activity, healthy diet, social activity.
We used LPA to examine associations of behaviors and cognitive function over time.
Older adults with low lifestyle health behaviors showed more rapid decline.
To a lesser degree, so did those with moderate lifestyle health behaviors.
Vascular conditions and risks, APOEε4, or motor function did not modify the effect.
Interfacial Self‐assembly of Chiral Selenide Nanomembrane for Enantiospecific Recognition
Authors: Meng Dan , Li Chen , Hao Changlong , Shi Wenxiong , Xu Jun , Sun Maozhong , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai , Xu Liguang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHere, we report the synthesis of chiral selenium nanoparticles (NPs) using cysteine and the interfacial assembly strategy to generate a self‐assembled nanomembrane on a large‐scale with controllable morphology and handedness. The selenide (Se) NPs exhibited circular dichroism (CD) bands in the ultraviolet and visible region with a maximum intensity of 39.96 mdeg at 388 nm and optical anisotropy factors (g‐factors) of up to 0.0013 while a self‐assembled monolayer nanomembrane exhibited symmetrical CD approaching 72.8 mdeg at 391 nm and g‐factors up to 0.0034. Analysis showed that a photocurrent of 20.97±1.55 nA was generated by the D‐nanomembrane when irradiated under light while the L‐nanomembrane generated a photocurrent of 20.58±1.36 nA. Owing to the asymmetric intensity of the photocurrent with respect to the handedness of the nanomembrane, an ultrasensitive recognition of enantioselective kynurenine (Kyn) was achieved by the ten‐layer (10L) D‐nanomembrane exhibiting a photocurrent for L‐kynurenine (L‐Kyn) that was 8.64‐fold lower than that of D‐Kyn, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0074 nM for the L‐Kyn, which was attributed to stronger affinity between L‐Kyn and D‐Se NPs. Noticeably, the chiral Se nanomembrane precisely distinguished L‐Kyn in serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy subjects.
Preparation and performance investigation of high solid content flame retardant waterborne polyurethane
Authors: Yin Yingting , Feng Mao , Li Wei , Yao Jinbo , Niu Jiarong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo improve the flame retardancy and solid content of waterborne polyurethane (WPU), AOT, and AOD series of WPU were synthesized and characterized. Carboxylic acid/nonionic composite units were used as hydrophilic groups, and OP550/THPO and OP550/DOPO‐HQ combinations were used as flame retardant modifiers, respectively. The results revealed that the flame retardant‐modified WPU emulsions still had excellent dispersion, stability, and fluidity. The UL‐94 rating of modified WPU could reach V‐0, and the AOD series samples had better flame retardancy than the AOT series, where AO10D3‐WPU containing 3% DOPO‐HQ had an limiting oxygen index value up to 30.5%. Besides, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of AO10D3‐WPU were respectively decreased by 32% and 34%, compared with the control sample in the conical calorimetric test. The TGA, TG‐IR, and SEM‐EDS exhibited that the flame retardants functioned in the condensed phase by promoting carbon formation. The tensile strength of AOT series samples was excellent with a range of 15.84–27.47 MPa, while the elongation at break of AOD series samples was relatively high with a distribution of 850.8%–913.11%, which could be selected to suit the needs of different application scenarios.
Environmental DNA revealed high accuracy in detection of the Eurasian otter in Himalaya
Authors: Jamwal Pushpinder Singh , Bruno Antonia , Galimberti Andrea , Magnani Davide , Casiraghi Maurizio , Loy Anna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

A precise framework of species occurrence and distribution trends is crucial for conservation measures. Traditional survey methods are often labour‐intensive and time‐consuming, and they can be ineffective in detecting the presence of rare and elusive taxa, especially in harsh environments.
The effectiveness and feasibility of an environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approach was tested to detect the occurrence of the semiaquatic Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) in six rivers in the Trans‐Himalaya, comparing the results with those obtained from a traditional field survey.
Water samples were collected and filtered on‐site at 15 locations, from 2,660 to 3,819 m a.s.l. Otter scats were actively searched for at the same locations in a 900 m buffer along the river bank. Fifteen environmental parameters were recorded at each sampling site. After eDNA extraction and target quantitative realt‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, statistical analyses were run to explore the relationship between environmental factors and the presence/absence of otters at each site.
Otter DNA was found at 73% of sites, whereas traditional field survey results showed that 53% of sites were positive for otters. Results from principal component analysis showed that the sites avoided by otters, as measured through eDNA, were clearly segregated along PC1 and PC2, with both axes explaining 57% of the cumulative variance. The best‐performing generalized linear model suggested that the occurrence of otter eDNA was influenced by channel width, surface velocity, nitrate level, total dissolved solids, and average water depth.
The results of this study highlight that, compared with traditional field surveys, eDNA‐based methods increased the detection of positive sites by 20%, thus demonstrating their reliability for monitoring the presence of otters in the study area and providing new insights into the ecology of this species in the Indian Trans‐Himalaya.
Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of pure and rare‐earth‐doped ZrO2 prepared by Pechini‐type sol–gel
Authors: Uzun Erdem , Yıldız Esra , Öztürk Esra 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this article, photoluminescence (PL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of ZrO2, ZrO2:Dy3+, ZrO2:Dy3+–Gd3+, ZrO2:Dy3+–Yb3+, ZrO2:Dy3+–Er3+, and ZrO2:Dy3+–Sm3+ phosphors synthesized by the Pechini method were investigated. The crystal structure, thermal properties, morphology, PL and TL properties were investigated using X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), PL and TL, respectively. The room temperature emission bands corresponding to 4F9/2 → 6HJ (J = 9/2, 11/2, 13/2 and 15/2) transitions of Dy3+ ions were measured. The phosphors were analysed using Tm–TSTOP, variable dose, and computerized glow curve fitting methods. Reusability, dose–response, and fading characteristics were investigated. The phosphors have a natural TL emission that vanished by heating treatment. Moreover, new peaks with similar properties to the natural emissions were observed after high‐dose irradiation and long‐term fading experiments. The glow curves of the phosphors have 13 individual peaks and many low‐ and high‐temperature satellite peaks. The origin of the peaks is ZrO2 host material and doping with rare‐earth ions (Gd3+, Dy3+, Yb3+, Er3+ and Sm3+) does not lead to a new glow peak. The dopants cause drastic changes in individual peak intensities of ZrO2.The initial fading rates of all the phosphors are relatively fast, but they slow down as time goes on.
Heterozygous c.175C>T variant in PURA gene causes severe developmental delay
Authors: Noda Yusuke , Kido Jun , Misumi Yohei , Sugawara Keishin , Ohori Sachiko , Fujita Atsushi , Matsumoto Naomichi , Ueda Mitsuharu , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis case report presents a child with PURA‐related neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by the heterozygous pathogenic variant c.175C>T (p.Gln59*). The clinical symptoms included microcephaly, brachygnathia, central and peripheral hypotonia, and developmental delay (non‐verbal), among others. On comparison with published literature, even patients with the same mutation present different clinical symptoms.AbstractThis case report presents a child with PURA‐related neurodevelopmental disorder, caused by the heterozygous pathogenic variant c.175C>T (p.Gln59*), whose symptoms included microcephaly, brachygnathia, the development of a high anterior hairline, hip dysplasia, strabismus, severe hypotonia, developmental delay (non‐meaningful verbal), feeding difficulties, and respiratory difficulties. His development ceased with age, such that his development at 10 years corresponded to an infant of 6 months. Moreover, even patients with the same variant can have different clinical symptoms, such as the presence or absence of epilepsy or congenital malformations. Therefore, we should follow his long‐term clinical course and provide medical support as necessary.
Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome on MRI: Case report
Authors: Yehouenou Tessi Romeo Thierry , Adeyemi Boris , El Msaadi Sihame , El Haddad Siham , Allali Nazik , Chat Latifa 
Published: September 2023

Key clinical messagePituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is an antenatal anatomical defect characterized by pituitary insufficiency with symptomatology depending on associated hormonal deficits. Diagnosis is often delayed because many clinical findings. The gold standard for detection is pituitary MRI showing absence of pituitary stalk, anterior pituitary hypoplasia, and postpituitary ectopy. The treatment remains polyhormonal substitution.AbstractPituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is an antenatal anatomical defect. It is characterized by pituitary insufficiency with symptomatology depending on associated hormonal deficits. Diagnosis of PSIS is often delayed probably because of various clinical characteristics findings. Pituitary imaging abnormality is a specific indicator of hypopituitarism. The symptomatological triad associates a very thin or interrupted pituitary stalk, an ectopic or absent pituitary gland and hypoplasia of the anterior pituitary gland. The gold standard for detection is pituitary MRI. Some genetic factors are associated with the disease. The treatment remains polyhormonal substitution depending on the associated deficits. We reported the case of a 14‐year‐old child with growth retardation in whom the biological work‐up and pituitary MRI concluded that the diagnosis was PSIS with growth hormone deficiency. The treatment implemented was a recombinant growth hormone treatment. The immediate outcome was marked by a regression of symptoms.
NIR Light‐Activated and RGD‐Conjugated Ultrasmall Fe/PPy Nanopolymers for Enhanced Tumor Photothermal Ferrotherapy and MR Imaging
Authors: Zhang Xu , Wang Teng , Zhou Zijian , Zhao Tingting , Shen Yuxian , Fang Weijun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIron‐based nanomaterials have shown great promise for tumor ferrotherapy in recent years. However, nanoparticle‐induced ferroptosis has low therapeutic efficacy owing to unsatisfactory Fenton reaction activity in a typical tumor microenvironment. In this study, NIR light‐activated Fe/PPy‐RGD nanopolymers were developed to combine photothermal therapy and ferrotherapy and achieve enhanced antitumor activity. Importantly, Fe/PPy‐RGD exhibited excellent therapeutic performance under NIR light activation both in vitro and in vivo. Under irradiation with NIR light, the heat generated by Fe/PPy‐RGD not only induced a therapeutic photothermal effect but also enhanced the release of iron ions and the Fenton reaction by inducing ferroptosis. Additionally, by virtue of RGD conjugation and its ultrasmall size, Fe/PPy‐RGD could effectively accumulate at tumor sites in living mice after systemic administration and could be monitored via MR imaging. Hence, this study provides a promising approach for integrating ferrotherapy with photothermal therapy to achieve enhanced tumor treatment.
Kleine Partikel mit großer Wirkung
Authors: Weber Marcel , Horst Marcella , Moschner Robin , Diener Alexander , Schumann Lara , Kwade Arno 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie Performance einer Batterie hängt signifikant von den Eigenschaften der kleinen Partikel im Submikro‐ und Mikrometerbereich und ihrer Mikrostruktur ab. Für die Herstellung von maßgeschneiderten Batterien müssen diese im Verlauf des Herstellungsprozesses präzise und reproduzierbar eingestellt werden. Im Zuge der Produktion von Lithium‐‐Ionen‐Batterien haben sich hierfür bewährte Verfahren etabliert. Jeder Produktionsschritt trägt somit auf seine Weise zur Performance der Batterie bei. Durch die Optimierung bekannter oder neuer Verfahren ergibt sich zudem das Potenzial zur Senkung der Produktionskosten oder Nutzung neuer zukunftsträchtiger Materialien.Antworten hierzu finden Sie in diesem Trendbericht.
Video statt Schnappschuss
Authors: Dueffels Kai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie Bildanalyse ist die eindeutigste und direkteste Methode zur Messung von Partikelgröße und ‐form. Um die Morphologie eines Partikels jedoch so genau wie möglich zu analysieren, muss es in mehrere Richtungen aufgezeichnet und gemessen werden.
Fault detection and diagnosis in a non‐Gaussian process with modified kernel independent component regression
Authors: Liu Meizhi , Kong Xiangyu , Luo Jiayu , Yang Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuality‐related fault detection and diagnosis are crucial in the data‐driven process monitoring field. Most existing methods are based on principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least squares (PLS), which will miss high‐order statistical information when the industrial process does not satisfy a Gaussian distribution. Meanwhile, the traditional contribution plot is difficult to directly apply to nonlinear processes in some cases due to its limitation of convergence. As such, a modified kernel independent component regression (MKICR) model, which considers high‐order statistical information, is proposed for quality‐related fault detection and faulty variable identification. First, the relationship between the independent components and quality variables is established by kernel independent component regression, and the correlation matrix is obtained. Then, the kernel independent components can be suitably divided into quality‐related and quality‐unrelated parts. Finally, an analysis of the contribution of each variable to the statistics based on Lagrange's mean value theorem is presented. In addition, a numerical case and the Tennessee Eastman process (TEP) demonstrate the efficacy and superiority of the proposed method.
Optimization of firefighting strategies in process plants with emphasis on domino effects and safe evacuation
Authors: Khakzad Nima , Chen Chao , Reniers Genserik , Amyotte Paul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEffective firefighting and evacuation are integral parts of emergency response plans in process plants, which play a key role in protecting human lives and assets in the event of major fires. Given sufficient firefighting resources, firefighters would suppress all the burning vessels and cool off all the exposed vessels in order to contain the fire and prevent a fire‐induced domino effect. However, when the number of critical units—whether on fire or exposed to fire—exceeds the firefighting resources, firefighters should decide how to optimally allocate the resources so as to best satisfy the safety goals. To facilitate such decisions, the present work aims to develop a methodology for effective firefighting under insufficient resources. The methodology seeks out two safety goals via optimal firefighting strategies: (1) providing for the safety of evacuees, and (2) reducing the risk of domino effects. Although both safety goals are attempted to be satisfied at the same time, a higher priority is assigned to the first goal as long as the evacuation is underway. When the evacuation is complete, all the resources are focused on the second goal. The study shows that a multi‐objective optimization approach to identifying firefighting plans outdoes single‐objective optimization approaches in that several safety goals could be met at once. Although only two safety goals are considered in the present study, the methodology is flexible enough to accommodate several goals such as safety of offsite people and assets.
Increasing Complexity in Adamantyl Thioethers Characterized by Rotational Spectroscopy
Authors: Pinacho Pablo , Loru Donatella , Šumanovac Tatjana , Šekutor Marina , Schnell Melanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report on the synthesis and characterization using high‐resolution rotational spectroscopy of three bulky thioethers that feature an adamantyl group connected to a sulfur atom. Detailed experimental and theoretical structures are provided and compared with the 1,1′‐diadamantyl ether. In addition, we expand on previous findings concerning microsolvation of adamantyl derivatives by investigating the cluster formation between these thioethers and a water molecule. The investigation of such clusters provides valuable insights into the sulfur‐centered hydrogen bonding in thioethers with increasing size and steric repulsion.
Influence of plasma inhomogeneity and ohmic heating on the nonlinear absorption of intense laser pulse in collisional magnetized plasma
Authors: Fallah R. , Khooniki R. , Khorashadizadeh S. M. , Niknam A. R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nonlinear absorption in the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a collisional magnetized plasma is studied by considering the effects of plasma inhomogeneity, ohmic heating, and ponderomotive force. For this purpose, we obtain the plasma electron density, the effective dielectric permittivity, and the wave equation using the Maxwell and hydrodynamic equations and solve this equation by the Runge–Kutta numerical method. The results are shown that by increasing the plasma inhomogeneity, the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient is increased, and also the density ramp parameter and its sign can affect more the absorption coefficient than the temperature ramp parameter . However, when the initial electron density and temperature increase, the laser field amplitude and the absorption coefficient are increased and the spatial damping rate of the laser pulse becomes highly peaked inside the plasma. It is shown by increasing laser pulse energy, the nonlinear bremsstrahlung absorption coefficient is decreased significantly. The results also indicate that by increasing the external magnetic field, the dielectric permittivity is decreased while the laser energy spatial damping, and the absorption coefficient are increased. Moreover, it is found that by considering the ohmic heating effect, the electrons absorb further energy from the fields and consequently the nonlinear absorption is increased.