bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary reconstruction of the Bronze Age necropolis of Cova des Pas (Minorca Island): evidence from δ13C and δ15N analyses
Authors: Sotiriadou T. , Tornero C. , Malgosa A. , Sureda P. , Jordana X. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent paleodietary studies about the Naviform and Talayotic groups that took place in Minorca (Balearic Islands) during the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age (ca.1600–850/800 BC) have suggested a mixed and variable diet, largely depending on terrestrial sources of vegetables and meat. This study explores the nutritional pattern of the individuals buried in the Cova des Pas site (Minorca Island, Spain), a cave used as a collective sepulcher and the most exceptional and major human assemblage found in the Balearic Islands during this period. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopic signatures were measured on extracted bone collagen from 49 individuals. Further, faunal remains from the Son Mercer de Baix site, the closest contemporaneous village to the collective sepulcher, were also analyzed to provide a baseline corpus of data to interpret human isotopic data. The results indicate a human diet based mainly on C3plants with an important consumption of animal protein. The δ15N values of infants up to 4 years were high, indicating the enriched isotopic signature of breast milk, and weaning is assumed to occur around this age. Differences between sexes and the age subcategories were not statistically significant, assuming that the different groups of society had the same access to food. The data obtained in this isotopic study provides insight into the palaeodietary pattern of the human groups dated to the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age ages in the island of Minorca, contributing to the present debate on the emergence and development of complex societies on the Balearic archipelago.
New evidence from heavy minerals and detrital zircons in Quaternary fluvial sediments for the evolution of the upper Yangtze River, South China
Authors: Huang Hengxu , Xiang Fang , Zhang Deyan , Guo Yuming , Yang Qi , Ding Li 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the Three Gorges and adjacent areas, there are three planation surfaces and five terraces along the Yangtze River that record the evolution history of the river system. Here, we used diagnostic heavy minerals, U-Pb geochronology, and trace elements of detrital zircons from one planation surface, two terraces, and a modern point bar to reconstruct the evolution history of the upper Yangtze River, specifically the Chuan River in the Sichuan Basin. The sediments in the lowest planation surface had different felsic source rocks derived from east of the Three Gorges, which indicated that before the disintegration of the lowest planation surface (0.75 Ma), there were two paleorivers: the westward-flowing paleo-Chuan River and eastward-flowing paleo-Yangtze River separated by the Huangling Dome. At 0.75–0.73 Ma, the dominant detrital zircons from the Sichuan Basin in the sediments of terrace T5 (the highest terrace) confirmed that the paleo-Yangtze River cut through the Three Gorges and captured the paleo-Chuan River, and the Daliang Mountains became the new drainage divide. Finally, the appearance of materials from the upper Jinsha River in terrace T2 indicated that the paleo-Yangtze River progressively captured the paleo-Jinsha River, and the modern upper Yangtze River formed before 0.05 Ma. These river capture events of the upper Yangtze River confirmed the Quaternary uplift of the SE Tibetan Plateau.
SHP-2 and PD-1-SHP-2 signaling regulate myeloid cell differentiation and antitumor responses
Authors: Christofides Anthos , Katopodi Xanthi-Lida , Cao Carol , Karagkouni Dimitra , Aliazis Konstantinos , Yenyuwadee Sasitorn , Aksoylar Halil-Ibrahim , Pal Rinku , Mahmoud Mohamed A. A. , Strauss Laura , Tijaro-Ovalle Natalia M. , Boon Louis , Asara John , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Patsoukis Nikolaos , Boussiotis Vassiliki A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe inhibitory receptor PD-1 suppresses T cell activation by recruiting the phosphatase SHP-2. However, mice with a T-cell-specific deletion of SHP-2 do not have improved antitumor immunity. Here we showed that mice with conditional targeting of SHP-2 in myeloid cells, but not in T cells, had diminished tumor growth. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by gene set enrichment analysis indicated the presence of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) with enriched gene expression profiles of enhanced differentiation, activation and expression of immunostimulatory molecules. In mice with conditional targeting of PD-1 in myeloid cells, which also displayed diminished tumor growth, TAMs had gene expression profiles enriched for myeloid differentiation, activation and leukocyte-mediated immunity displaying >50% overlap with enriched profiles of SHP-2-deficient TAMs. In bone marrow, GM-CSF induced the phosphorylation of PD-1 and recruitment of PD-1-SHP-2 to the GM-CSF receptor. Deletion of SHP-2 or PD-1 enhanced GM-CSF-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factors HOXA10 and IRF8, which regulate myeloid differentiation and monocytic-moDC lineage commitment, respectively. Thus, SHP-2 and PD-1-SHP-2 signaling restrained myelocyte differentiation resulting in a myeloid landscape that suppressed antitumor immunity.
Hippocampal spatial representations exhibit a hyperbolic geometry that expands with experience
Authors: Zhang Huanqiu , Rich P. Dylan , Lee Albert K. , Sharpee Tatyana O. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDaily experience suggests that we perceive distances near us linearly. However, the actual geometry of spatial representation in the brain is unknown. Here we report that neurons in the CA1 region of rat hippocampus that mediate spatial perception represent space according to a non-linear hyperbolic geometry. This geometry uses an exponential scale and yields greater positional information than a linear scale. We found that the size of the representation matches the optimal predictions for the number of CA1 neurons. The representations also dynamically expanded proportional to the logarithm of time that the animal spent exploring the environment, in correspondence with the maximal mutual information that can be received. The dynamic changes tracked even small variations due to changes in the running speed of the animal. These results demonstrate how neural circuits achieve efficient representations using dynamic hyperbolic geometry.
Attention and working memory in patients with prolactinomas: a case–control study
Authors: Bala Aleksandra , Dziedzic Tomasz , Olejnik Agnieszka , Marchel Andrzej 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProlactinomas (prolactin-secreting adenomas) are the most common type of hormone-secreting pituitary tumor. Mounting evidence indicates that excess prolactin impairs cognitive function, but specific assessments of attention in patients with prolactinomas are lacking. Case–control study gathered 54 participants—27 patients with prolactinoma and 27 healthy controls. Neuropsychological assessment included a comprehensive set of diagnostic methods for the evaluation of attention and working memory. Patients showed slower information processing, expressed as a longer working time on the d2 Test of Attention and Color Trails Test (CTT-2), and lower attention-switching shown in the CTT-2 and in two subtests of the Tests of Everyday Attention (Visual Elevator), and Telephone Search While Counting. Working memory disturbances were observed in Digit Span and Symbol Span tests. A level of prolactin correlated negatively with scores in some of the neuropsychological tests measuring attentional switching (Visual Elevator), spatial screening and working memory (CTT-2), spatial working memory (Symbol Span) and auditory-verbal working memory (Digit Span backwards). There were no significant correlations between cognitive performance and tumor size. In conclusion, patients with prolactinoma suffer from impaired cognitive functions, including attention and working memory. Comprehensive neuropsychological assessment should be a permanent element of the diagnostics of this group of patients.
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells decrease prion-induced glial inflammation in vitro
Authors: Hay Arielle J. D. , Murphy Tanner J. , Popichak Katriana A. , Zabel Mark D. , Moreno Julie A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrion diseases are characterized by the cellular prion protein, PrPC, misfolding and aggregating into the infectious prion protein, PrPSc, which leads to neurodegeneration and death. An early sign of disease is inflammation in the brain and the shift of resting glial cells to reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. Few therapeutics target this stage of disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells produce anti-inflammatory molecules when exposed to inflammatory signals and damaged tissue. Here, we show that adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AdMSCs) migrate toward prion-infected brain homogenate and produce the anti-inflammatory molecules transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6). In an in vitro model of prion exposure of both primary mixed glia and BV2 microglial cell line, co-culturing with AdMSCs led to a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokine mRNA and markers of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. This protection against in vitro prion-associated inflammatory responses is independent of PrPSc replication. These data support a role for AdMSCs as a beneficial therapeutic for decreasing the early onset of glial inflammation and reprogramming glial cells to a protective phenotype.
Immunophenotype and function of circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Kiaee Fatemeh , Jamaati Hamidreza , Shahi Heshmat , Roofchayee Neda Dalil , Varahram Mohammad , Folkerts Gert , Garssen Johan , Adcock Ian M. , Mortaz Esmaeil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not fully elucidated. COVID-19 is due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes severe illness and death in some people by causing immune dysregulation and blood T cell depletion. Increased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a diverse role in the pathogenesis of many infections and cancers but their function in COVID-19 remains unclear. To evaluate the function of MDSCs in relation with the severity of COVID-19. 26 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients including 12 moderate and 14 severe patients along with 11 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. 10 ml whole blood was harvested for cell isolation, immunophenotyping and stimulation. The immunophenotype of MDSCs by flow cytometry and T cells proliferation in the presence of MDSCs was evaluated. Serum TGF-β was assessed by ELISA. High percentages of M-MDSCs in males and of P-MDSCs in female patients were found in severe and moderate affected patients. Isolated MDSCs of COVID-19 patients suppressed the proliferation and intracellular levels of IFN-γ in T cells despite significant suppression of T regulatory cells but up-regulation of precursor regulatory T cells. Serum analysis shows increased levels of TGF-β in severe patients compared to moderate and control subjects (HC) (P = 0.003, P < 0.0001, respectively). The frequency of MDSCs in blood shows higher frequency among both moderate and severe patients and may be considered as a predictive factor for disease severity. MDSCs may suppress T cell proliferation by releasing TGF-β.
A retrospective analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab
Authors: Kuba Kiyomi , Inoue Hitoshi , Matsumura Satoko , Enoki Yuichiro , Kogashiwa Yasunao , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Nakahira Mitsuhiko , Yamazaki Tomoko , Yasuda Masanari , Kaira Kyoichi , Kagamu Hiroshi , Sugasawa Masashi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNivolumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor is the first-line therapy for platinum-resistant recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer, and highly effective for some patients. However, no factors have been identified that could predict response or prognosis after nivolumab administration. We retrospectively investigated the association between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) of initial pathology and prognosis in patients treated with nivolumab. Twenty-eight patients with human papilloma virus and Epstein–Barr virus unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. CD8+cells, FoxP3+cells and FoxP3−CD4+cells in the tumoral and peritumoral stromal area and PD-L1 were measured. In result, FoxP3−CD4+TIL, FoxP3+TIL, and CD8+TIL were not correlated with survival in either intratumoral and stromal area. In univariate analysis, objective response was significant prognostic factor both in progression-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.01, 0.006, respectively). PD-L1 was also significant prognostic factor both in progression-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.01, 0.01, respectively). ECOG Performance status was a significant prognostic factor in overall survival (p = 0.0009). In the combined analysis of stromal CD8+TIL and PD-L1, PD-L1 positive with high stromal CD8+TIL subgroups had a better prognosis than PD-L1 negative with low stromal CD8+TIL subgroups in progression-free survival (p = 0.006). Although these results require a further investigation, PD-L1 and ECOG Performance status and the combination of stromal CD8+TIL and PD-L1 positivity have potential as useful prognostic markers in patients of virus unrelated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.
The Preferred Reconstructive Choice for a Lower Third Tibial Exposure Defect: An Online Survey of 356 Microsurgeons
Authors: Čebron Urška , AbdelRahman Mohamed , Kwon Soo-Ha , Lee Che-Hsiung , Hsu Angela Ting-Wei , Huang Jung-Ju , Chen Lisa Wen-Yu , Sung Cheyenne Wei-Hsuan , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground One of the most challenging yet common areas in reconstructive surgery is the closure of defects in the lower leg. Surgeons can choose from several reconstructive options including local and free flaps. The aim of this study was to understand the reconstructive strategy for lower leg defects of different microsurgeons around the world by harnessing the power of social media and online questionnaires.Methods A case of a patient with an exposed plate over distal tibial fracture was presented via an online questionnaire distributed on various social media platforms. A total of 369 international microsurgeons replied with their preferred treatment choice. The data were analyzed according to geographic area, microsurgical training, seniority, and subspecialty.Results Among all the respondents (n = 369), 64% would have opted for a free flap reconstruction, while the remaining 36% would have opted for a local/pedicle flap. In the group that would have opted for a free flap, 63% would reconstruct the defect using a free fasciocutaneous flap, while the remaining 37% would have used a free muscle flap. In the local flap group, 60% would have used a local perforator while 30% would have chosen a conventional local flap. While North American and European microsurgeons had a clear preference toward free flaps, Asian, Middle Eastern, African, and South American surgeons were evenly divided between local and free flaps.Conclusion In this study, we provide a current global overview of the reconstructive strategies for a lower limb with skin defect and bone or prosthesis exposure. We hope that this will be able to help global microsurgeons and patients worldwide.
Outcomes and Perioperative Risk Factors after Oncologic Free-Flap Scalp Reconstruction
Authors: Yu Jason W. , Chu Jacqueline J. , Franck Philipp , Polanco Thais O. , Shamsunder Meghana G. , Teven Chad M. , Disa Joseph J. , Matros Evan , Cordeiro Peter G. , Mehrara Babak J. , Nelson Jonas A. , Allen Robert J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Little is known about the risk factors associated with complications after free flap scalp reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to identify patient, scalp defect, and flap characteristics associated with increased risk of surgical complications.
Methods A retrospective study was performed of free-flap scalp reconstruction in oncologic patients at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 2002 to 2017. Data collection included patient, defect, flap, and complication characteristics. Complications were classified into major, defined as complications requiring surgical intervention, and minor, defined as complications requiring conservative treatment. Risk factors and outcome variables were compared using chi-square with Fisher's exact test.
Results A total of 63 free flaps to the scalp in 58 patients were performed; average follow-up was 3.5 years. Most flaps were muscle-only or musculocutaneous. One-third of patients with free flaps experienced complications (n = 21, 15 major and 6 minor). Examining risk factors for complications, patients with cardiovascular disease were nearly three times more likely to have suffered a major complication than patients without cardiovascular disease (36.7 vs. 12.1%, p = 0.04). This was the only significant risk factor noted. Perioperative radiotherapy, prior scalp surgery, flap type, and recipient vessel selection were found to be nonsignificant risk factors.
Conclusion Cardiovascular disease may be a significant marker of risk for major complications in patients undergoing free-flap reconstruction of the scalp. This information should be used to help guide perioperative counseling and decision making in this challenging patient population.
Correlation between Risk Factors and Healing Times in Long Bone Nonunions Treated with Corticoperiosteal Flap from the Medial Femoral Condyle
Authors: Guzzini Matteo , Ciclamini Davide , Arioli Leopoldo , Titolo Paolo , Carrozzo Alessandro , Latini Francesca , Battiston Bruno , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background The rate of fracture nonunion varies depending on the anatomical site. Numerous procedures have been proposed to treat recalcitrant nonunions. The vascularized medial femoral condyle corticoperiosteal free flap (MFCCFF) is increasingly used in nonunions with small bone loss.The percentage of success of the MFCCFF is high but the factors involved in delayed bone healing or failure of this technique or the contraindications are not described in the literature.This multicentric study aims to identify and report the different factors involved in determining the time of bone healing in the treatment of atrophic nonunion of long bones with the vascularized medial MFCCFF.
Methods All patients who underwent vascularized medial MFCCFF from January 2011 to December 2020 for the treatment of recalcitrant atrophic nonunions of long bones. Patients were reviewed at 2 and 6 weeks, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and evaluated by physical and radiographic examinations and patient-reported outcome measures.
Results The final study population comprised 59 patients with a mean follow-up of 26.2 ± 7.6 months, a rate of bone healing of 94.9% with a mean radiographic bone healing time of 4.1 ± 1.3 months, and low morbidity of the donor site. Diabetes mellitus, a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2, and ≥2 previous surgeries on the fracture site were factors predicting timing for bone healing at the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion This study demonstrates the MFCCFF as an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of the recalcitrant atrophic nonunion of long bones. An association was found between the lengthening of bone healing time and a high BMI, presence of ≥2 previous surgical interventions, and diabetes mellitus, indicating these comorbidities as risk factors (not absolute contraindications) for this microsurgical treatment. So, to our knowledge, the MFCCFF could be the first-choice treatment for atrophic nonunion of long bones.
A Case Report of Behavioural Refinement in a Child Suffering from Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using Individualised Homoeopathic Medicine
Authors: Singh Pravin Kumar , Naaz Sabiha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the commonest juvenile psychiatric disorder distinguished by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD is a serious public health concern because it has a long-term negative impact on academic, career and social-emotional development, thereby hampering the quality of life of the individual. Owing to the prolonged, expensive and ambiguous treatment, an increasing number of parents turn towards homeopathy for safe and cost-effective treatment of their ‘trouble-makers’ as they are labeled.
Method A 7-year-old child diagnosed with ADHD (combined type) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) uncomplicated with other psychiatric comorbidity presented to the outpatient department after having consulted various physicians in succession in search of effective treatment. The child received individualised homoeopathic medicine. Outcome was measured using the parent completed Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised-Short version (CPRS:R-S) every 4 months.
Results At the start of the treatment, the child's CPRS:R-S score was 76 which was very high. After a year, it was reduced to eight (within normal range).
Conclusion This case demonstrates the usefulness of individualised homoeopathic treatment in improving the ADHD status over a span of 1 year. Nevertheless, large sample randomised controlled trials would be required to approve or disprove this single case observation.
MTL-P300 as a marker of the epileptogenic zone and hippocampal functionality in the presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy: a systematic review
Authors: Morange Daniela de Andrade , Martinez-Silveira Martha Silvia , Amaral Magali Teresópolis Reis , Trebuchon Agnès 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing interest among neuroscientists and physicians in mapping the cortical areas involved in the epileptogenic zone (EZ) through event-related potentials (ERPs) that enable the evaluation of the functional preservation of these areas. The present review is an update on publications on this topic.
Objective To investigate the accuracy of the cognitive evoked of the medial temporal lobe P300 (MTL-P300) potential in detecting the EZ in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Methods The systematic review of articles on the PubMed, Embase and Lilacs databases was conducted between February and December 2020. Articles published in English from 1985 to December 2020 were included. Additional studies were identified by searching the references of the selected studies and review articles. The studies were included for the following reasons: in-depth intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) analysis of hippocampal activity; investigations of patients with TLE; and correlations between regarding the ERP results obtained in the temporal regions (MTL-P300) and the EZ.
Results In the three studies analyzed, the authors were able to define the laterality of the EZ during the preoperative investigation through the MTL-P300 results. The sensitivity of this method was of ∼ 70% to 80%, and the specificity between 70% and 94.7%. One of the limitations of the present review was the low number of studies.
Conclusion There is evidence that the reduced amplitude of the MTL-P300 has high specificity in identifying the EZ, and this is a good marker for diagnosis in unilateral TLE. The low sensitivity and negative likelihood ratios negative that a normal MTL-P300 response does not exclude the epileptogenicity of the hippocampus.