bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐conserved sequence motifs are predictive of substrate specificity in a family of monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferases
Authors: Anderson Alyssa J. , Dodge Greg J. , Allen Karen N. , Imperiali Barbara 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMonotopic phosphoglycosyl transferases (monoPGTs) are an expansive superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the first membrane‐committed step in the biosynthesis of bacterial glycoconjugates. MonoPGTs show a strong preference for their cognate nucleotide diphospho‐sugar (NDP‐sugar) substrates. However, despite extensive characterization of the monoPGT superfamily through previous development of a sequence similarity network comprising >38,000 nonredundant sequences, the connection between monoPGT sequence and NDP‐sugar substrate specificity has remained elusive. In this work, we structurally characterize the C‐terminus of a prototypic monoPGT for the first time and show that 19 C‐terminal residues play a significant structural role in a subset of monoPGTs. This new structural information facilitated the identification of co‐conserved sequence “fingerprints” that predict NDP‐sugar substrate specificity for this subset of monoPGTs. A Hidden Markov model was generated that correctly assigned the substrate of previously unannotated monoPGTs. Together, these structural, sequence, and biochemical analyses have delivered new insight into the determinants guiding substrate specificity of monoPGTs and have provided a strategy for assigning the NDP‐sugar substrate of a subset of enzymes in the superfamily that use UDP‐di‐N‐acetyl bacillosamine. Moving forward, this approach may be applied to identify additional sequence motifs that serve as fingerprints for monoPGTs of differing UDP‐sugar substrate specificity.
Observer‐based memory‐event‐triggered controller design for quarter‐vehicle suspension systems subject to deception attacks
Authors: Sun Xiang , Gu Zhou , Mu Xiufeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper concerns the problem of an observer‐based memory‐event‐triggered controller for quarter‐vehicle suspension systems (SSs) under deception attacks. The observer‐based controller is utilized to solve the difficulty that full state information of quarter‐vehicle SSs cannot be obtained. A memory‐event‐triggered mechanism (METM) considering both network load and observer performance is proposed, where the historical information of the measured output is utilized in the event‐triggered condition and the observer, reducing mal‐triggering events caused by abrupt disturbance and enhancing the sensitivity to deception attacks. Sufficient conditions that guarantees an performance of quarter‐vehicle SSs are presented. Finally, a simulation example under the bump road conditions is provided to validate the effectiveness of the derived controller.
Machine Learning for the Prediction of Ionization Potential and Electron Affinity Energies Obtained by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Pereira Florbela 
Published: April 2023

AbstractQuantum chemical (QC) calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) provide increasingly accurate estimates of various properties, but with a relatively high computational cost. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be envisaged to extract new knowledge from these large volumes of data, creating empirical models to fast predict QC calculations in new situations. Here, ML algorithms were explored for the fast estimation of ionization potential (IP) and electron affinity (EA) energies calculated by DFT using the B3LYP and PBE0 with 6–31G** basic set on molecular descriptors generated from DFT‐optimized geometries. A database of 9,410 and 9,627 small organic structures for IP and EA energies modelling were used, respectively. Several ML algorithms such as random forest, support vector machines, deep learning multilayer perceptron networks, and light gradient‐boosting machine were screened. The best performance was achieved with a consensus regression model predicted an external test set of 972 and 963 small organic molecules achieving a mean absolute error up to 0.23 eV and 0.32 eV for modelling IP and EA energies, respectively.
Hierarchically Branched Siloxane Brushes for Efficient Harvesting of Atmospheric Water
Authors: Song Jiayu , Liu Jie , Li Meng , Li Shuai , Kappl Michael , Butt Hans‐Jürgen , Hou Youmin , Yeung King Lun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtmospheric water harvesting is considered a viable source of freshwater to alleviate water scarcity in an arid climate. Water condensation tends to be more efficient on superhydrophobic surfaces as the spontaneous coalescence‐induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces enables faster condensate removal. However, poor water nucleation on these surfaces leads to meager water harvest. A conventional approach to the problem is to fabricate micro‐ and nanoscale biphilic structures. Nonetheless, the process is complex, expensive, and difficult to scale. Here, the authors present an inexpensive and scalable method based on manipulating the water‐repellent coatings of superhydrophobic surfaces. Flexible siloxane can facilitate water nucleation, while a branched structure promotes efficient droplet jumping. Moreover, ToF‐SIMS analysis indicated that branched siloxane provides a better water‐repellent coating coverage than linear siloxane and the siloxanes comprise hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecular segments. Thus, the as‐prepared superhydrophobic surface, TiO2 nanorods coated with branched siloxanes harvested eight times more water than a typical fluoroalkylsilane (FAS)‐coated surface under a low 30% relative humidity and performed better than most reported biphasic materials.
Selective Adsorption Behavior Modulation on Nickel Selenide by Heteroatom Implantation and Heterointerface Construction Achieves Efficient Co‐production of H2 and Formate
Authors: Feng Yafei , He Xiaoyue , Cheng Mingyu , Zhu Yin , Wang Wentao , Zhang Yangyang , Zhang Huaikun , Zhang Genqiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGlycerol‐assisted hybrid water electrolysis is a potential strategy to achieve energy‐efficient hydrogen production. However, the design of an efficient catalyst for the specific reaction is still a key challenge, which suffers from the barrier of regulating the adsorption characteristics of distinctive intermediates in different reactions. Herein, a novel rationale that achieves selective adsorption behavior modulation for self‐supported nickel selenide electrode by heteroatom implantation and heterointerface construction through electrodeposition is developed, which can realize nichetargeting optimization on hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR), respectively. Specifically, the prepared Mo‐doped Ni3Se2 electrode exhibits superior catalytic activity for HER, while the NiSe‐Ni3Se2 electrode exhibits high Faradaic efficiency (FE) towards formate production for GOR. A two‐electrode electrolyzer exhibits superb activity that only needs an ultralow cell voltage of 1.40 V to achieve 40 mA cm−2 with a high FE (97%) for formate production. Theoretical calculation unravels that the introduction of molybdenum contributes to the deviation of the d‐band center of Ni3Se2 from the Fermi level, which is conducive to hydrogen desorption. Meanwhile, the construction of the heterojunction induces the distortion of the surface structure of nickel selenide, which exposes highly active nickel sites for glycerol adsorption, thus contributing to the excellent electrocatalytic performance.
Stable Cycling with Intimate Contacts Enabled by Crystallinity‐Controlled PTFE‐Based Solvent‐Free Cathodes in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Lee Dongsoo , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) employing Li‐metal anodes and inorganic solid electrolytes are attracting great attention due to high safety and energy density for next‐generation energy storage devices. However, the volume change of cathode active materials can cause contact loss, resulting in charge carrier isolation, heterogeneous current distribution, and poor electrochemical properties in ASSBs. Here, a simple, yet effective, solvent‐free electrode engineering approach with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a binder for ASSBs is reported, enabling intimate contact and stable interfaces with the cathode. It is substantiated that the crystallinity of PTFE can be controlled depending on the heat history, and highly crystalline PTFE displays robust mechanical properties. High‐nickel LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 cathode prepared with crystalline PTFE show improved cycle and rate performances in ASSBs. In addition, it is revealed that the intimate contact between cathode particles with a stable cathode electrolyte layer is maintained during cycling by postmortem studies. This simple engineering method can be applied to prepare cathodes with a variety of active materials and solid electrolytes in ASSBs.
Rapid Response Solar Blind Deep UV Photodetector with High Detectivity Based On Graphene:N/βGa2O3:N/GaN p‐i‐n Heterojunction Fabricated by a Reversed Substitution Growth Method
Authors: Han Yurui , Wang Yuefei , Xia Danyang , Fu Shihao , Gao Chong , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Li Bingsheng , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work reports a high‐detectivity solar‐blind deep ultraviolet photodetector with a fast response speed, based on a nitrogen‐doped graphene/βGa2O3/GaN p‐i‐n heterojunction. The i layer of βGa2O3 with a Fermi level lower than the central level of the forbidden band of 0.2 eV is obtained by reversed substitution growth with oxygen replacing nitrogen in the GaN matrix, indicating the majority carrier is hole. X‐ray diffractometershows that the transformation of GaN into βGa2O3 with (−201) preferred orientation at temperature above 900 °C in an oxygen ambient. The heterojunction shows enhanced self‐powered solar blind detection ability with a response time of 3.2 µs (rise)/0.02 ms (delay) and a detectivity exceeding 1012 Jones. Under a reverse bias of −5 V, the photoresponsivity is 8.3 A W−1 with a high Ilight/Idark ratio of over 106 and a detectivity of ≈9 × 1014 Jones. The excellent performance of the device is attributed to 1) the continuous conduction band without a potential energy barrier, 2) the larger built‐in potential in the heterojunction because of the downward shift of Fermi energy level in β‐Ga2O3, and 3) an enhanced built‐in electric field in the βGa2O3 due to introducing p‐type graphene with a high hole concentration of up to ≈1020 cm−3.
N‐Fluoro Ammonium Salts of Cinchona Alkaloids in Enantioselective Electrophilic Fluorination
Authors: Shibata Norio , Cahard Dominique 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrom 2000, our two research groups independently and simultaneously designed and developed a novel family of electrophilic fluorinating reagents based on the use of Cinchona alkaloids. The chiral N‐fluoro ammonium salts demonstrated the highest efficiency compared to prior art in enantioselective electrophilic fluorination for a wide range of substrates. In this account, we tell our respective stories, how the same idea germinated in our laboratories, the characterization of the chiral reagents, the use in stoichiometric quantity then the development of a catalytic version, the application to the synthesis of chiral fluorinated molecules of pharmaceutical interest, and finally the exploitation of our reagents by other teams and for other applications.
Embodiment and language
Authors: Pelkey Jamin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe findings of cognitive linguistics demonstrate the thoroughly embodied grounding of linguistic constructions and linguistic meaning ranging from abstract thought to interactive communication. A historical survey and updated summary of work in this area illustrates the many layers of bodily meaning that we rely on when thinking and communicating as human beings. Key distinctions, definitions, and clarifications, plus an overview of key works on embodied cognition in cognitive linguistics provide necessary context for understanding specific aspects of linguistic embodiment, including schemas and iconicity, mapping and metaphor, categories and projections, embodied grammar and abstract thought, intersubjectivity, and textual meaning. Realigning philosophical presuppositions with the findings of cognitive linguistics has important consequences: Body and mind can be reunited in lived experience. Both imaginative thought and rational thought can be understood as reliant on the same movement and memory structures. Even the most habituated form‐content relationships in language can be understood as growing out of vital networks of real‐world experiential relations, from the personal to the interpersonal. And instead of being understood as the narrow purview of semantics and pragmatics, the study of meaning can be embraced as the purpose and function of linguistics. These consequences have potential for revolutionizing scientific inquiry and theory building across a wide array of disciplines.This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Cognitive LinguisticsPsychology > LanguagePhilosophy > Foundations of Cognitive Science
Linguicism in U.S. Higher Education: A Critical Autoethnography
Authors: Cho Hyesun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis critical autoethnography discusses the emotional and cognitive dissonance encountered by the author, an international faculty member, during her professional journey at a large public research university in the United States. Despite being recognized for her scholarship as a promising researcher in the field of TESOL (Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages), she has still encountered covertlinguicism(Skutnabb-Kangas, 2012), a phenomenon ubiquitous in the English-dominant higher education context. This chapter discusses the ways in which the linguistic discrimination has shaped the author’s professional identity and how she exerts her agency as a teacher educator-researcher through critical reflexivity to promote legitimacy and self-efficacy in her professional community. By unpacking and problematizing the dominant discourse, such as native speakerism (Holliday, 2015), in English language teaching, this study aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the lived experience of a bilingual faculty member in a teacher education program in the United States.
Science Teacher Education in Canada: Addressing Diversity by Living and Teaching Intersectionality
Authors: Burke Lydia E. Carol-Ann 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a Black woman of Caribbean heritage, born and raised in England, my own school science experience was focused on learning the tricks that teachers presented as intuitively graspable. I was used to pushing through and ignoring the ‘outsider’ feelings that I possessed. As a science teacher and science teacher educator, I came to understand that there are many students for whom the acquisition of science knowledge means compromise to their sense of selfhood, either because they are members of groups for whom Western modern science is not a central tenet of understanding or because of the esoteric mode of science instruction. In this chapter, I identify four critical incidents that have occurred during my professional experience as a science teacher educator. I explore the implications of these incidents by examining them through the equity lens of intersectionality to highlight broader concerns in science teaching and science teacher education. The analyses reinforce the need for science teachers to allow themselves and their students to be open and reflective about their own positionings in the field of science education as well as the need to acknowledge the historical and philosophical contexts of Western modern science as a body of knowledge. I hope that this chapter will be used by science teacher educators to stimulate dialogue and provide an artifact around which constructive and meaningful conversation foments in the many spaces of science teacher education.
“They Respect Me as a Person Who Can Help” Roma Teaching Assistants in the Czech Republic
Authors: Němec Zbyněk 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the Czech Republic, where Roma represent the largest ethnic minority, Roma teaching assistants have been an irreplaceable form of support for the education of socially disadvantaged students for more than two decades. This chapter draws on experience from various research projects that took place from 2012 to 2019, and focuses on the benefits of the work of Roma teaching assistants in the education of socially disadvantaged Roma students; data were obtained through semi-structured interviews and subjected to a thematic analysis, using basic elements of grounded theory. According to research, the main responsibilities of Roma assistants include assisting teachers in the education of socially disadvantaged Roma students during lessons, tutoring Roma students, providing psychosocial support for these students, organising leisure activities for these students, and supporting communication between the school and the Roma students’ families. Having a deep knowledge of Roma students, their needs and cultural specifics, Roma assistants can also represent an important information resource for teachers; the ethnicity of Roma assistants can also be beneficial in overcoming language barriers – if both the Roma assistant and the students or their parents speak Romani, the assistant can translate and interpret for teachers and other school staff. At a general level, cooperation of Roma assistants and non-Roma teachers can serve as a model for relations between Roma and non-Roma students and thus remove prejudices and barriers in society.
Belonging and Otherness: Teachers of Ethiopian and Russian Origins in Israeli Schools
Authors: Gindi Shahar , Ron Rakefet Erlich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates minority teachers’ experience in light of the power relations in society and their expression in schools. The study population included 20 teachers from an Ethiopian background and 34 Russian-speaking teachers in Israeli schools. The teachers responded to an online questionnaire about what made them work at their school, and about feelings of otherness and belonging toward it. The analysis revealed similarities in the issues that contributed to a sense of belonging in both groups, while the issues that contributed to a sense of otherness were different. Teachers described their sense of belonging on three levels: national belonging (e.g., holidays, war times), organizational belonging (professional merit, roles at school, care for students, and school events), and personal belonging (comradeship and team spirit). When it comes to otherness, Russian-speaking teachers noted cultural gaps, slight school involvement, and professional gaps, while teachers of Ethiopian origin emphasized prejudice and feeling patronized. It is noteworthy that all the sources of belonging and otherness are determined by the minority’s resemblance to the majority demonstrating the power relations between minorities and the hegemony. The differences in the symbolic assets that each of the minority groups import, point to the “diversity of diversity” among Israeli minorities. We conclude that the hegemonic group use symbolic assets that minority groups have difficulty acquiring fully (language, Jewishness, skin color), and that construct teachers’ experiences.
Transformation or ‘Training the Dog’? Approaches to Access Within an Historically White University in South Africa
Authors: Belluigi Dina Zoe , Thondhlana Gladman 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis chapter provides insights into the intractable ethico-political nature of ‘access’ in post-colonial, post-conflict higher education (HE), through the reflections of Black academics and women academics who have lived experience of the minority-majority transitions of academic communities in post-apartheid South Africa. To address the lack of ‘diversity’ of under-represented demographics within historically white institutions, those institutions who provided access to these hand-picked academics did so requiring that they undergo rigorous professional development and socialisation programmes for the purposes of assuring their quality. Critical discourse analyses were undertaken of the qualitative responses of these academics made in response to a questionnaire on this subject, which were then confirmed and deepened within small group discussions. In this chapter we discuss how their responses revealed: (1) the mis-educational reception of structural access for troubling homogeneous institutional cultures; (2) the risks encountered in the politics of belonging of an individual’s access for success; and (3) the problematic weight of transformative expectations when conditions mitigate against empowering agents access to challenge. Situated within an historical narrative of academic development and the national drives in that country for an HE sector ‘transformed’ from its historical legacies of injustice and inequality, the chapter highlights the implications of these three constructions of access for disrupting the machinations of the hidden macro- and meso-curricula of power and whiteness.
Switzerland: Diversity in the Classroom, Uniformity in the Faculty
Authors: Beck Michael , Mantel Carola , Bischoff Sonja 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSwitzerland is a country with a long immigration history. Today, 27% of all pupils in compulsory education are foreign nationals (Federal Statistical Office (FSO) Switzerland, Obligatorische Schule: Lernende nach Grossregion, Schulkanton, Bildungstyp und Staatsangehörigkeit (je-d-15.02.01.05). Retrieved from https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/de/home/statistiken/bildung-wissenschaft/personen-ausbildung/obligatorische-schule.assetdetail.11787900.html, 2020). On the other hand, teachers of immigrant background constitute a small minority even though the demand for teachers is high, with secure jobs that pay well. Moreover, there is a debate on the question whether teachers with an immigrant background are especially qualified for teaching culturally diverse classes. Given that persons with an immigrant background tend to aspire to higher educational and occupational goals than non-immigrant individuals (Van De Werfhorst & Van Tubergen, Ethnicities 7(3):416–444, 2007), the question arises why individuals with an immigrant background do not choose to become teachers more often.In light of this question, we provide an overview of studies from Switzerland and examine transitions of individuals into and out of Universities of Teacher Education in Switzerland as well as studies concerning active teachers.We will discuss current research evidence, that suggests that social background as well as motivations for choosing the fields of study (which usually play a significant role in explaining differing educational decisions) do not provide an explanation for the low enrolment rate into teacher education among students with immigrant background. Evidence indicates that dichotomizing into immigrant and non-immigrant might conceal differences in attitudes which particularly those from stigmatized cultural backgrounds face. These findings are highlighted by empirical insights on practicing teachers who experience a lack of recognition and who develop a range of strategies in response to these experiences.