bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractionation of a Three‐Particle Mixture by Brownian Sieving Hydrodynamic Chromatography
Authors: Biagioni Valentina , Venditti Claudia , Adrover Alessandra , Cerbelli Stefano 
Published: February 2023

AbstractParticles ranging in size from a few nanometers (exosomes or viruses) to a few micrometers (bacteria or red blood cells) can be sorted using a size‐based separation process. One of the simplest techniques is provided by hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) which typically requires long channels to achieve adequate resolution. A new separation mechanism based on a Brownian sieving effect coupled with HDC has recently been proposed to overcome these limitations. An efficiency improvement of up to 2000 % has been predicted for a two‐size mixture. The aim of this work is to study and optimize a modified geometry useful for obtaining the simultaneous separation of a three‐size diluted suspension. The results suggest a significant performance improvement, up to 3000 %, over the standard HDC.
Hydrodynamic Behavior of Natural Adsorbents Filters for Water Treatment Technology
Authors: Alaoui Soufiane Bakri , Achak Mounia , Lamy Edvina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo quantify water flow occurring in filter beds employed during wastewater treatment, laboratory column tracer experiments were performed on natural low‐cost adsorbents (charcoal, oyster shell, and argan nutshell) under saturated flow conditions. The columns were packed with 100 % of adsorbents and with multi‐sand‐layer (MSL) system, consisting of permeable layers of pozzolan alternated with mixed layers (sand + adsorbent + sawdust). The results showed a more uniform flow in 100 % adsorbents for charcoal and oyster shell compared to their respective MSL columns. Conversely, flow uniformity was slightly improved in MSL versus 100 % adsorbent for argan nutshell columns. The choice of the appropriated adsorbent is crucial for the improvement of flow uniformity and treatment efficiency.
A pH‐Activatable Prodrug and Metal Prodrug Conjugate of Gossypol: Synthesis, Emergent Photophysical, Nanoscopic, Computational, and in‐Vitro Cellular Studies
Authors: Biswas Megha , Kajol  , Singha Dipankar , Rana Malay Kumar , Pathak Rakesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe major hurdle to the success of many potent chemotherapeutic drugs is the lack of stability of their active form suited for a particular mode of action. Efforts are needed to stabilize such functionalities by employing new and novel strategies to overcome challenges. In this study, tumor‐environment‐specific, pH‐activatable prodrug and metal‐prodrug conjugate has been developed to ameliorate the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs bearing reactive functionalities. As a proof of concept, a pre‐clinically tested natural compound, gossypol, was modified to form a pH‐responsive prodrug by incorporating an imine linkage amenable to form confined molecular structures through coordination with a bio‐relevant and nontoxic zinc metal ion. Detailed photophysical, computational, and nanoscopic studies revealed the unique zinc ion coordination behavior and its effect on molecular confinement. Computational studies demonstrated that an increasing degree of complexation, with Zn‐N−Py coordination, gradually turns off fluorescence by reducing the band gap that allows nonradiative decay. In‐vitro prodrug activation and release of gossypol from gossyzid and gossyzid‐Zn were assessed by ESI‐MS and RP‐HPLC studies. The gossyzid and gossyzid‐Zn demonstrated pH‐specific cytotoxicity validated by the number of in‐vitro cellular assays. Such a strategy can essentially be adapted to strengthen many chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their efficacy and reduce side effects.
Solvato‐Controlled Assembly and Structural Transformation of Emissive Poly‐NHC‐Based Organometallic Cages and Their Applications in Amino Acid Sensing and Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Zhang Heng , Li Yang , Zhang Yi‐Fan , Qiao Xiu‐Juan , Sun Li‐Ying , Li Jianli , Wang Yao‐Yu , Han Ying‐Feng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractStimuli‐induced structural transformation of supramolecular cages has drawn increasing attention because of their sensitive feature to external variations as model systems to simulate biological processes. However, combining structural transformation and useful functions has remained a difficult task. This study reports the solvato‐controlled self‐assembly of two unique topologies with different emission characteristics, a water‐soluble Ag8L4cage (A) and an Ag4L2cage (B), produced from the same sulfonate‐pendant tetraphenylethene (TPE) bridged tetrakis‐(1,2,4‐triazolium) ligand. Both cages show interesting solvent‐responsive reversible structural transformation, and the change of fluorescence signals can efficiently track the process. Additionally, water‐soluble cageAexhibits unique properties in thermochromism, thiol amino acid sensing, and subcellular imaging in aqueous media.
Factors related to human papillomavirus vaccine uptake and intentions among adults aged 18–26 and 27–45 years in the United States: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Arevalo Mariana , Brownstein Naomi C. , Whiting Junmin , Vadaparampil Susan T. , Head Katharine J. , Meade Cathy D. , Islam Jessica Y. , Kasting Monica L. , Gwede Clement K. , Barrios‐Monroy Veronica , Christy Shannon M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe current study examined self‐reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination uptake and intentions, and associations with psychosocial constructs among United States adults aged 18 to 26 and 27 to 45 years.MethodsData were collected via an online survey from participants recruited from a research panel. Outcomes were HPV vaccination uptake and intentions. Multivariable binary and ordered logistic regression models were used to examine associations between HPV vaccination outcomes and psychosocial constructs, sociodemographics, and previous health behaviors.ResultsHPV vaccination uptake in both age cohorts (N = 2722) was associated with multiple variables, including but not limited to: provider recommendation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 11.63 [95% CI, 7.70–17.56] and aOR, 14.26 [95% CI, 9.52–21.38], for those aged 18 to 26 and 27 to 45 years, respectively) and positive HPV vaccine attitudes (aOR, 2.40 [95% CI, 1.70–3.40] and aOR, 1.46 [95% CI,1.06–2.02]). Among those who did not report or were unsure of prior HPV vaccination (N =1894), only 4.6% and 8.1% (aged 18–26 and 27–45 years, respectively) reported being very likely to receive the HPV vaccine in the next year. Increased intentions were associated with more positive vaccine attitudes (aOR, 2.45 [95% CI, 1.91–3.15] and aOR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.72–2.78]) and provider recommendation (yes vs no; aOR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.38–2.83] and aOR, 1.82 [95% CI, 1.31–2.52]; don't know/can't remember vs no; aOR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.03–1.84] and aOR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.17–2.18]). Sociodemographics and health behaviors associated with increased intentions differed for each age cohort.ConclusionsIndividual and interpersonal factors were associated with HPV vaccination uptake and intentions. Findings reveal the need for targeted interventions to improve HPV vaccination rates among these age groups.
Modification of ATP hydrolysis by Strong Coupling with O−H Stretching Vibration
Authors: Gao Feng , Guo Jun , Si Qiankang , Wang Liping , Zhang Feng , Yang Fan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolaritonic chemistry has become an important research field, since vibrational strong coupling (VSC) between molecular transitions and photonic structures was discovered to alter the energy landscape of molecules, through the creation of hybrid states in an optical cavity resonant to a molecular absorption band. ATP hydrolysis is an essential reaction in all known forms of life and have fundamental roles in energy conservation, active transport and pH homeostasis. Herein, using a Fabry‐Pérot (FP) cavity filled with the ATP hydrolysis solution, we measured the ATP hydrolysis efficiency in both strong and weak coupling modes and investigated the VSC effect on the catalytic activity of ATPase at the stretching vibration band of water. We observed an approximately 10‐fold increase of the apparent hydrolysis rate when coupling with the water stretching vibration. This work demonstrates the potential of employing VSC to precisely interfere water‐based biochemical reactions.
Preparation and Characterization of the Composite Nd:YAG/Nd:YAG Crystals
Authors: Chen Zhao , Liu Wenpeng , Sun Yu , Gao Jinyun , Dou Renqin , Luo Jianqiao , Sun Guihua , Ma Rongguo , Han Song , Zhang Qingli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComposite crystals can not only improve the heat management of high‐average‐power laser considerably to obtain the high‐optical‐quality laser, but also be used to prepare larger size crystals. The composite Nd:YAG/Nd:YAG crystals with the size of 50 mm × 15 mm × 24 mm are prepared by thermal bonding technique using alumina balls as the pressure transfer medium. Thermal bonding experiments are carried out under different heat treatment processes and sintering atmosphere, and the quality of the composite crystals is characterized by transmittance, extinction ratio, bonding strength, and laser properties. The results show that alumina ball as pressure transfer medium and vacuum sintering atmosphere can effectively improve the uniformity of pressure on the bonded crystals, which is beneficial to overcome the pressure inhomogeneity, reduce the bubble or hole, cracks and other defects in the bond interface, and the bonded crystal optical quality is improved considerably. The laser performance of the composite crystals pumped by laser diode is compared with single crystal and they have the same laser slope efficiency, which indicates that the thermal bond technique with alumina balls used as pressure transfer medium and vacuum sintering is a successful method to obtain high‐quality composite laser crystals.
Decahedra and Icosahedra Everywhere: The Anomalous Crystallization of Au and Other Metals at the Nanoscale
Authors: Rogers Blake , Lehr Alexander , Velázquez‐Salazar J. Jesús , Whetten Robert , Mendoza‐Cruz Ruben , Bazan‐Diaz Lourdes , Bahena‐Uribe Daniel , José Yacaman Miguel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThroughout history, objects with fivefold symmetry have been a popular topic of interest for artists, philosophers, and scientists. This may be because fivefold symmetry is very conspicuous in nature. In the case of crystals, fivefold rotational symmetry is mathematically forbidden, and macroscopic crystals exhibiting fivefold symmetry have never been shown to exist. Nevertheless, in the nanoworld, nanoparticles are often found with decahedral and icosahedral shapes that have an overall pseudo‐fivefold symmetry. These structures are observed at many length scales, from 1 nm up to 1 µm. In this review, several reasons for the stability of fivefold nanoparticles are discussed. These include the formation of twin boundaries, surface reconstruction faceting, and other factors.
Hacking techniques improve health and nutritional status of nestling White‐tailed Eagles
Authors: Ferrer Miguel , Evans Rhian , Hedley Joanna , Hollamby Simon , Meredith Anna , Morandini Virginia , Selly Owen , Smith Claire , Whitfield D. Philip 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBirds of prey frequently feature in reintroductions and the hacking technique is typically used. Hacking involves removing large nestlings from donor populations, transferring them to captivity, feeding them ad libitum. Potentially, via the hacking method, the stress of captivity and disruption of parental feeding may be detrimental. Alternatively, the provision of ad libitum food may be advantageous. Although hacking has underpinned reintroduction project successes there has been no research on how the method may affect the health and nutritional status of translocated birds during captivity. We compared blood chemistry data from 55 young White‐tailed Eagles, translocated from Norway as part of the species' reintroduction to Scotland, from sampling soon after arriving in captivity and again (≈42 days later) before their release. Numerous significant differences between the first and second samples were found, but no significant interactions showed that the sexes responded similarly to captivity. According to hematological and biochemical metrics, individuals showed several changes during captivity, including in red blood cell parameters, plasma proteins, and white cellular parameters related to the immune system, that indicated improved health status. Captivity with ad libitum food was associated with decreased urea and uric acid values: high values can indicate nutritional stress. Urea values became more normally distributed before release, indicating that ad libitum food had reduced nutritional differences between early nestlings in the season and later ones. Despite plentiful food, both sexes lost body mass before release, suggesting an inherent physiological mechanism to improve flight performance in fledglings. We conclude that hacking improved the health and nutritional status of released eagles which is likely to enable birds to cope with greater costs of exploratory behavior which they may require in reintroduction projects. In this context, we note the absence of survival differences between hacked and wild raptors in previous research.
Utility of ToxTracker in animal alternative testing strategy for fragrance materials
Authors: Thakkar Yax , Moustakas Holger , Moelijker Nynke , Hendriks Giel , Brandsma Inger , Pfuhler Stefan , Api Anne Marie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo determine the utility of the ToxTracker assay in animal alternative testing strategies, the genotoxic potential of four fragrance materials (2‐octen‐4‐one, lauric aldehyde, veratraldehyde, and p‐methoxy cinnamaldehyde) were tested in the ToxTracker assay. These materials have been previously evaluated in an in vitro as well as in vivo micronucleus assay, conducted as per OECD guidelines. In addition to these studies, reconstructed human skin micronucleus studies were conducted on all four materials. All four materials were positive in an in vitro micronucleus assay but were negative in both in vivo and 3D skin micronucleus assays. The ToxTracker assay, in combination with in silico methods to predict metabolism was used to identify mechanisms for the misleading positive outcomes observed in the in vitro micronucleus assays. The results show that the ToxTracker assay, in conjunction with in silico predictions, can provide the information needed to aid in the identification of an appropriate animal alternative follow‐up assay, for substances with positive results in the standard in vitro test battery. Thus, the ToxTracker assay is a valuable tool to identify the genotoxic potential of fragrance materials and can aid with replacing animal‐based follow‐up testing with appropriate animal alternative assay(s).
Advantages of the aerodynamic performance of micro‐Tesla turbines
Authors: Qi Wenjiao , Deng Qinghua , Yuan Shuxia , Chen Bing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTesla turbines, featuring bladeless turbomachinery and energy transformation using the viscosity of the working medium, have wide application prospects in renewable energy utilization as micropower equipment and portable power units and show better aerodynamic performance with a smaller turbine size. In this paper, a miniaturization method of Tesla turbines, including the stator and rotor, was proposed based on its sensitivity analysis results and flow similitude law. A typical Tesla turbine with a disc outer diameter of 100 mm was miniaturized to 50, 20, and 10 mm, respectively. In addition, the miniaturized Tesla turbines, including both the simplified single‐channel turbine model and the multichannel turbine model used in practical applications, were simulated numerically. The results show that the miniaturization method that maintains the two high‐impact dimensionless parameters at their optimal values is simple, reasonable, and effective. The isentropic efficiency of the single‐channel Tesla turbine decreases slightly with its scaling down. However, for the multichannel Tesla turbine in practical applications, the isentropic efficiency increases significantly with a decrease in turbine size, due to a decrease in the impact of the outermost disc channel on the flow fields of the inner disc channels (called the casing wall effect). This is embodied by the phenomenon that part of the working medium in the inner disc channels flows into the outermost disc channel through the nozzle‐rotor chamber, and the proportion of this part of the working medium decreases significantly with a decrease in turbine size. In conclusion, the Tesla turbine with a smaller turbine size exhibits better aerodynamic performance and has great potential in the field of microturbomachinery.
Dynamic user clustering with hybrid beamforming in millimeter wave non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and power allocation using teaching learning based optimization (TLBO)
Authors: Sumathi S. , Ramesh T. K. , Ding Zhiguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNon‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a most promising candidate in future wireless networks to improve user fairness and spectral / energy efficiency in multiuser scenarios. In this work, we investigate a clustered multi‐user millimeter wave (mmWave) downlink NOMA system with a hybrid beamforming architecture. In most existing research with dynamic user clustering, the number of users in each cluster varies from one to any number. A single user in a cluster corresponds to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) case, which is not beneficial. At the same time, clusters with more than one user employ the NOMA technique. However, the main limitation of NOMA with a large number of users is the successive interference cancellation (SIC) decoding complexity which increases with the number of users. Moreover, this also causes a delay in decoding the data at the users. This problem is addressed in our proposed algorithm, where each cluster has a minimum of two users to a maximum of a fixed number of users. Together with the dynamic clustering, a hybrid beamforming vector is also designed. Then, a single‐step power allocation algorithm using teaching‐learning based optimization (TLBO) to maximize sum spectral efficiency is proposed, which is less complex than the existing suboptimal methods.
Learning‐based multi‐constraint resilient controller placement and assignment insoftware‐defined networksusing covering graph
Authors: Gholamrezaei Reza , Mirjalily Ghasem , Emadi Sima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe controller placement problem is one of the most important issues in designing software‐defined networks (SDNs). In this context, one of the major challenges is the problem of multi‐constraint resilient controller placement and assignment (MCRCPA). In this article, considering the main criteria for solving the problem of MCRCPA, we propose a learning‐based approach named Lb‐MCRCPA, which includes a wide range of constraints including resiliency, switch‐to‐controller delay, switch‐to‐controller reliability, inter‐controller delay, and controller capacity in both main and backup modes. In the proposed method, we use an innovative structure called constraint covering graph (CCG) to calculate the reliability and to apply the set of constraints. The CCG is converted into a distributed learning model called irregular cellular learning automata (ICLA). The rules embedded in ICLA, together with the proposed assignment algorithm, can accurately determine the location of controllers. The performance evaluation of the proposed method for about 2600 different cases on more than 20 standard topologies of different sizes, not only proves its superiority over other methods but also proves its near‐optimality compared to the optimal solution.
Evaluation amidst crisis: Voices of Ukrainian DRG evaluators
Authors: Rybiy Olena , Kovats Roland 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the lived experiences of Ukrainian evaluators currently working amidst political, economic, and social crises. Eight Ukrainian evaluators and evaluation users – drawing from various DRG and DRG‐related programs – were interviewed by Zoom or responded in written form to chapter authors to provide insights to a series of questions regarding how they operate today, and how their priorities and perspectives regarding evaluation have or have not changed. Their responses were summarized by the two main authors. The chapter also provides a background of a DRG program that had to pivot during COVID‐19 and again after Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
Combining arterial blood contrast with BOLD increases fMRI intracortical contrast
Authors: Priovoulos Nikos , de Oliveira Icaro Agenor Ferreira , Poser Benedikt A. , Norris David G. , van der Zwaag Wietske 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBOLD fMRI is widely applied in human neuroscience but is limited in its spatial specificity due to a cortical‐depth‐dependent venous bias. This reduces its localization specificity with respect to neuronal responses, a disadvantage for neuroscientific research. Here, we modified a submillimeter BOLD protocol to selectively reduce venous and tissue signal and increase cerebral blood volume weighting through a pulsed saturation scheme (dubbed Arterial Blood Contrast) at 7 T. Adding Arterial Blood Contrast on top of the existing BOLD contrast modulated the intracortical contrast. Isolating the Arterial Blood Contrast showed a response free of pial‐surface bias. The results suggest that Arterial Blood Contrast can modulate the typical fMRI spatial specificity, with important applications in in‐vivo neuroscience.
Morphological and molecular markers of mouse areaCA2along the proximodistal and dorsoventral hippocampal axes
Authors: Radzicki Daniel , Chong Sarah , Dudek Serena M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHippocampal area CA2 is a molecularly and functionally distinct region of the hippocampus that has classically been defined as the area with large pyramidal neurons lacking input from the dentate gyrus and the thorny excrescences (TEs) characteristic of CA3 neurons. A modern definition of CA2, however, makes use of the expression of several molecular markers that distinguish it from neighboring CA3 and CA1. Using immunohistochemistry, we sought to characterize the staining patterns of commonly used CA2 markers along the dorsal–ventral hippocampal axis and determine how these markers align along the proximodistal axis. We used a region of CA2 that stained for both Regulator of G‐protein Signaling 14 (RGS14) and Purkinje Cell Protein 4 (PCP4; “double‐labeled zone” [DLZ]) as a reference. Here, we report that certain commonly used CA2 molecular markers may be better suited for drawing distinct boundaries between CA2/3 and CA2/1. For example, RGS14+ and STEP+ neurons showed minimal to no extension into area CA1 while areas stained with VGluT2 andWisteria Floribundaagglutinin were consistently smaller than the DLZ/CA2 borders by ~100 μ on the CA1 or CA3 sides respectively. In addition, these patterns are dependent on position along the dorsal–ventral hippocampal axis such that PCP4 labeling often extended beyond the distal border of the DLZ into CA1. Finally, we found that, consistent with previous findings, mossy fibers innervate a subset of RGS14 positive neurons (~65%–70%) and that mossy fiber bouton number and relative size in CA2 are less than that of boutons in CA3. Unexpectedly, we did find evidence of some complex spines on apical dendrites in CA2, though much fewer in number than in CA3. Our results indicate that certain molecular markers may be better suited than others when defining the proximal and distal borders of area CA2 and that the presence or absence of complex spines alone may not be suitable as a distinguishing feature differentiating CA3 from CA2 neurons.