bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains Isolated at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sannathimmappa Mohan B. , Nambiar Vinod , Aravindakshan Rajeev , Al-Kasaby Nashwa M. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The current study was aimed to investigate the patterns of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility in Oman with a special focus on determining the changing resistance patterns.

Materials and Methods:
The current study was a retrospective cross-sectional study, conducted at a referral hospital in Oman. The socio-demographic characteristics and the microbiological data of MRSA strains isolated between January 2015 and December 2018 were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results:
In total, 1190 MRSA isolates from clinical specimens were studied. Infection was predominant among males (59%). There was an increasing trend of MRSA infection (19.2%–28.5%) from 2015 to 2018. The frequency of infection was less among elderly as compared to other age groups. Majority (58.7%) of MRSA was recovered from pus and wound swabs. The overall resistance to the tested antibiotics was as follows; ciprofloxacin (30.2%), erythromycin (27.1%), clindamycin (21.8%), gentamicin (10.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (5.2%), linezolid (0.3%), and vancomycin (0.2%). Furthermore, a significant increase in resistance to antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (from 16.8% to 37.1%), erythromycin (from 13.4% to 27.7%), gentamicin (5.2% to 16.1%), clindamycin (from 11.5% to 26.6%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (from 1.8% to 7.2%) over time from 2015 to 2018 was observed.

Conclusions:
The present study revealed a relatively high frequency of MRSA infection and changes in their antibiotic-resistance patterns to some commonly used antibiotics over time in Sohar Hospital. Optimized antibiotic prescription through targeted stewardship interventions to preserve formulary antibiotics that still maintain their effectiveness and updating existing infection control practices is crucial.
Effectiveness of Incremental Aerobic Exercise Program in Patients with Myocardial iNfarction Using 6-Min Walk Test
Authors: Kukolore Sarika , Naqvi Waqar Mohsin , Arora Sakshi Pritam 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Myocardial infarction (MI), which is also called as heart attack, happens as a phenomenon due to reduced or no blood supply to a certain part of heart, leading to damaging heart musculature.

Aims and Objectives:
To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise training in Phase II rehabilitation program of myocardial infarction (MI) patients, 40 MI subjects were randomly selected (n = 40), age ranging from 50 to 70 years.

Materials and Methods:
The subjects were prescribed an incremental aerobic exercise training program to be performed for 6 weeks with initial intensity on 50% maximum heart rate (HRmax); then, in Group B, we have asked the subjects to perform on 55% HRmax, then on 60% HRmax, and up to 75% of HRmax; then, at the end of 6 weeks, we have recorded the parameters again.

Results:
The data obtained were then analyzed using related t-test, and the results were found to be statistically significant (t = 0.300, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:
The study shows that incremental aerobic exercise can significantly improve the performance of MI subjects in 6-min walk test distance.
Correlation of Aerobic Capacity and Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Dhawale Tushar , Yeole Ujwal , Shevale Pooja 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Aerobic capacity (VO2 max) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be a key physiological measure as it is a strong health and performance predictor. Fatigue is the common disabling symptom in MS patients. The study was done to assess correlation between aerobic capacity and fatigue in MS patients.

Methodology:
A study was carried on 30 patients of relapse remitting MS across Multiple Sclerosis Society of India, Pune, chapter participate in study and assess for aerobic capacity and fatigue. These patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and were evaluated for assessing aerobic capacity (VO2 max) by 2 min walk test and fatigue by Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS).

Results:
Our study found aerobic capacity (VO2 max) (17.71 ± 2.966), MFIS (60.712 ± 22.191) with (P < 0.0001, r = −0.7168) and very significant correlation between aerobic capacity with fatigue in MS patients.

Conclusion:
The study concludes that there is a significant negative correlation of aerobic capacity with fatigue in MS patients.
Utility of Image-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology from Neoplastic Hepatic and Gallbladder Lesions
Authors: Mahla Rohit , Iyengar Sudha 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an important and successful method for liver and gallbladder (GB) lesion diagnosis. Aspiration from liver and GB masses and its cytological evaluation differentiate whether it is benign or malignant. It is of huge help to the clinician for deciding on timely and appropriate management of the patient. Image-guided FNAC of liver lesions helps to know lesion localization whether it is multifocal, with the benefit of multiple passes for adequate sampling.

Aims and Objective:
This study aims at finding the importance and effectivity of image-guided FNAC of liver and GB masses with the main focus on the diagnosis of neoplastic lesions.

Materials and Methods:
The study was a prospective study conducted in the Cytology Section in the Department of Pathology, Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior, from January 2019 to March 2021. All the slides of liver and GB fossa mass aspiration done with help of image guidance were stained and examined.

Results:
There were a total of 86 cases, out of which six cases had unsatisfactory material, thus rendering them as nondiagnostic (7%). The diagnostic efficacy is 93%. Out of 80 cases, 71 (87.5%) were reported neoplastic and 9 (12.5%) were nonneoplastic. Among neoplastic lesions (71/80, i.e., 88.7%), 70 were malignant and one case was reported as suspicious for malignancy. Out of 71 neoplastic lesions, 39 were from liver mass and 32 were from GB fossa. Among 38 malignant neoplastic tumors of the liver, six cases were hepatocellular carcinoma (15.7%). Out of 32 metastatic lesions to the liver, 30 were of adenocarcinoma and one case each of small-cell morphology and lymphoma.

Conclusions:
Cytological evaluation is an important tool and can be applied as the first line of diagnostics in the management of liver masses and can characterize liver masses. GB lesion cytology has more diagnostic yields and accuracy of differentiating neoplastic lesions from nonneoplastic lesions. Hence, from the study, we can conclude that advanced techniques in the cytological study of liver and GB mass can give an early diagnosis.
Effect of Home-Based Exercise Program in Patients with Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Vyas Axita , Mukkamala Neha , Mehta Megha , Parmar Lata , Golwala Paresh 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Physiotherapy has been a routine component of rehabilitation to improve strength and function following hip arthroplasty (HA). Supervised outpatient exercise program can be costly and inconvenient for people who live in the remote areas. Hence, the present study developed Home-based exercise program (HEP) and studied its effect in patients with HA.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-six patients with HA were allocated into HEP and control group through the lottery method. Both groups received physiotherapy during hospital stay and were assessed for muscle strength of hip abductors and extensor apparatus with sphygmomanometer, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Harris hip score (HHS) at discharge. At discharge, HEP group was given a written home program leaflet, record sheet, and telephonic reminder once a week. The control group received all instructions and demonstration of exercises. All patients were assessed at the 1-month follow-up.

Results:
A total of 36 patients; 18 in HEP group, (12 males and 6 females) with a mean age 39.24 ± 14.59 years and 18 in the control group (11 males and 7 females) mean age 53.44 ± 19.24 years, out of which 35 completed follow-up (18 in HEP, 17 in control group). A statistically significant difference was found in NPRS (P = 0.001), muscle strength-hip abductors (P < 0.001), extensors apparatus (P = 0.008), and HHS in HEP group between discharge and follow-up. No significant difference was found between the two groups.

Conclusion:
HEP was effective in reducing postoperative pain, improving hip muscle strength, and function in patients with HA. There was no difference found between the groups
Study of Vitamin D Supplementation on Selected Hematological and Inflammatory Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Jankar Deepali Sadashiv , Wingkar Kanchan Chandrashekhar , Kanetkar Sujata V. , Bodhe Chintamani Dilip 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) results from decreased insulin secretion and/or increased insulin resistance. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is linked with decreased insulin secretion, increased insulin resistance, inflammation, and complications of DM. Few studies have reported association of VDD with anemia or decreased hemoglobin level in diabetic patients. Animal studies have reported some improvement in various blood parameters such as hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell count, and mononuclear cell count after Vitamin D supplementation. Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are cheap, easy, reproducible, and dynamic parameters of inflammation with high predictive value. NLR can be associated with DM and its complications. PLR is reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetic complications, end-stage renal disease, and malignancies. Both have prognostic value.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-three Type 2 DM (T2DM) patients on oral hypoglycemic agents aged 30–60 years with VDD (Vitamin D level <20 ng/ml) participated in this comparative and interventional study. Vitamin D, Hb, total leukocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), platelet, red cell distribution width (RDW), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), MCH concentration (MCHC), packed cell volume (PCV), RBC count, NLR, and PLR were determined at baseline. Participants received Vitamin D 2000 IU daily orally for 12 weeks. All the parameters were estimated again after 12 weeks.

Results:
We found no correlation of Vitamin D with Hb, TLC, MCV, platelet, RDW, MCH, MCHC, PCV, RBC count, NLR, and PLR at baseline. Extremely significant rise in Vitamin D; nonsignificant fall in Hb, TLC, RDW, MCH, NLR, and PLR; and nonsignificant rise in MCV, MCHC, RBC count, and PCV were reported.

Conclusion:
There was no association of Vitamin D with hematological and inflammatory parameters. Nonsignificant improvement in the parameters was seen with Vitamin D supplementation.
Hygiene Practices and its Association with Diarrhea
Authors: Kumari Lovely , Sourabh Kumar , Laishram Guddi , Jumade Prashil , Wagh Vasant 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Diarrhoea in India estimates about 2 million episodes per year. An average Indian child less than 5 years of age will have 2-3 episodes of diarrhoea per year. Every year, 2.2 million deaths are attributed to diarrhoea alone, with the vast majority of deaths among children under the age of five.

Aims and Objectives:
The present study aims to study the association between hygiene practices of mother or caregiver with diarrhea among under five children.

Methods:
The study was carried out in Seloo block, which is the field practice area and the study participants were the mothers or caregivers of the children between 6 months to 5 years of age of the selected villages. Results : It was found that the frequency of diarrhoeal disease was 53.33% among girls, while it was 38.75% among boys. On asking about the method of purification and filtration used, 68.6% mother or caregivers were using straining through cloth or strainer followed by 20.5% were using water filter (ceramic/composite) while 6.9% would boil the water and 0.98 used electronic purifier. When binary logistic regression was applied for hand washing practices and diarrhoea, it was found that regression coefficient was significant for hand washing before cooking showing regression coefficient value of - 0.84 (odd ratio-0.432) and hand washing before meal regression coefficient value of - 0.73 (odd ratio-0.481)

Conclusion:
The association between hand washing before meals and before cooking was found to be statistically significant indicating the importance of hand washing before cooking and before meals in preventing diarrhoeal episode in under five children.
Analysis of Correlation between Demographic Data, Inflammatory Markers, and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Illness
Authors: Karigoudar Rashmi Mahesh , Wavare Sanjay M. , Karigoudar Mahesh H. , Bagali Smitha , Shahapur Praveen , Kakhandki Lakshmi 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Majority of people infected with this virus will suffer from mild to moderate respiratory disease and recover without therapy, whereas the elderly and, as well as those who have underlying comorbidities are more prone to have severe infection. Several inflammatory indicators, like procalcitonin (PCT), serum ferritin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), linked to the increased the risk of development of severe COVID-19 disease.

Objective:
The goal of this research was to see if there was a link between inflammatory markers and the severity of COVID-19 disease, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics that influence COVID-19-positive findings.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional at Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Research Center and Karigoudar Diagnostic Laboratory Vijayapur for a period of 2 months from October to November 2020. This study included 600 COVID-19-positive patients confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Investigations included (RT-PCR) and inflammatory markers. The details collected were sociodemographic data and clinical history. Investigations included RT-PCR using throat swab/nasopharyngeal swab and inflammatory markers like CRP, D-Dimer levels, ferritin, IL-6, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), PCT were performed accordingly. Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 18.0. Results were presented as percentages and mean ± standard deviation. The categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test.

Results:
The mean age of the patients was 43.7 ± 16.7 years with male preponderance. The majority of the patients were between the ages of 21 and 60 (76.7%) years. Increasing age was significantly associated with severity of the disease, similarly CRP levels, D-dimer, ferritin, and LDH levels were significantly higher among those with increasing age and severe disease, i.e., severe acute respiratory infection (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was a link between age and inflammatory indicators such as CRP, D dimer, ferritin, and LDH levels, as well as the severity of disease. Hence, measuring these inflammatory markers could help clinicians track and assess the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.
Sawangi's Presurgical Cartilage Molder in Infants with Type D Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Vora Savi Manoj , Pallavi Daigavane S. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to introduce a newer presurgical nasal cartilage molding device–Sawangi presurgical cartilage molder (SPCM) used extraorally for treating infants with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus; classified as type D according to the Daigavane and Hazarey classification.

Methods:
A 7-day-old male presented with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus categorized as type D according to the Daigavane and Hazarey classification. A head tape with a rectangular frame was used to support and mold the nasal cartilage with wireframe and nasal component fabricated with 0.8-mm stainless steel loaded with a soft liner nasal ball which was activated with the elastic.

Discussion:
The position of the nasal cartilaginous septum, nasal alar cartilage tip, medial and lateral crura were restored to normal. SPCM can be a helpful device in cleft lip ± alveolus to mold the cartilage and promote breastfeed simultaneously. It is easy to fabricate, less time-consuming, comfortable for the infant, and cost-effective.
Follow-up of Endodontically Treated Teeth Without Crown Coverage in Vidarbha Region
Authors: Nikhade Pradnya , Bajaj Neelam , Paul Priyanka , Sedani Shweta 
Published: March 2023

Statement of Problem:
Teeth are weakened after endodontic treatment and should, preferably, be crowned, especially posterior teeth. However, this is not always possible due to certain reasons. Information about the appropriate treatment modalities. This retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the survival of endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) without crown coverage on the basis of various parameters in the region of Vidarbha in Maharashtra, India.

Purpose:
The aims of this cohort study were to evaluate the survival rate for endodontically treated molars without crown coverage and to identify possible related factors.

Materials and Methods:
Relevant data from 300 subjects for 148 ETTs was recorded at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha, Maharashtra. Follow-up data were derived from a clinical examination and review of the dental record and radiographs. Subjects were not included in the study if teeth had provisional crowns, definitive restorations with cuspal coverage, or with dowel and core and/or crown restorations. The outcome evaluated was defined as a failure if there were negative findings in the condition of a tooth that required a restoration, tooth repair, or extraction. Tooth loss due to endodontic and periodontal reasons was excluded. The independent variables assessed were patient age, gender, location (maxilla or mandible), the existence of an opposing dentition and adjacent teeth, remaining tooth structure, and types of restorative material. One hundred and forty-eight teeth restored using glass-ionomer cement (GIC), SF, and composites were considered successful during the observation time of 3 years because no intervention was needed in these teeth were labeled as “survived.” The teeth restored with composite were 90. The teeth restored with GIC were 14. The teeth restored with silver amalgam were 44. Out of 148 teeth were considered successful during the observation time of 3 years because no intervention was needed in these teeth were labeled as “survived.” Follow-up was done at regular intervals after 5, 7, and 10 years, respectively. At the end of 10 years, the number of teeth survived was 26. The teeth restored with composite were 14. The teeth restored with GIC were 4. The teeth restored with silver amalgam were 8.

Results:
At the end of the observation time period (10 years), 13 teeth had to be extracted at the end of 6 years and 19 restorations were repaired or replaced at 5, 7, and 9 years.

Conclusion:
Within the limitations of this study, the amount of remaining tooth structure and types of restorative material have a significant association with the longevity of endodontically treated molars without crown coverage. ETTs evaluated after 10 years showed positive survival and success in long time period. Various parameters were significantly seen to influence the outcome and thereby survival of teeth in the arch when no crowns were placed on ETTs.
Biochemical and Radiological Parameters in Acute Pancreatitis among Patients from a Rural Community of South India
Authors: Chandana G. , Surekha B. , Praveen Kumar B. A. 
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose:
Acute pancreatitis is one of the major causes of acute abdominal pain that requires hospital admission worldwide. Our objective was to find the proportion of acute pancreatitis in acute abdomen cases among the rural population and to assess pancreatic enzymes (lipase and amylase) for the severity of acute pancreatitis. By doing so, we can establish the importance of a single enzymatic marker in acute pancreatitis.

Methods:
A retrospective and observational study was undertaken on men and women of all age groups admitted over 1 year with acute pancreatitis at a rural tertiary care hospital located at the tristate junction of South India. Pancreatic enzymes (lipase and amylase) were compared based on the grading and severity of pancreatitis according to the modified computed tomography severity index.

Results:
The proportion of acute pancreatitis was 40% among all acute abdomen cases. Most patients with acute pancreatitis were chronic alcoholic men (62.5%). The common finding in abdominal ultrasonography (USG) was the enlargement of the pancreas (97.5%). There was an overall rise in serum lipase levels in all acute pancreatitis patients, especially in alcoholic patients. The median lipase levels were higher in severe acute pancreatitis than in moderate acute pancreatitis, with P = 0.006. In comparison, there was no significant difference in amylase values between them.

Conclusions:
In this study, we could conclude that acute pancreatitis is one of the major emergency conditions in this region of rural India, especially among men who are chronic alcoholics. The enlargement of the pancreas was the most frequent finding in USG among these patients. We suggest that a single pancreatic marker (serum lipase) in acute pancreatitis can be cost-effective. Moreover, serum lipase can also be a marker for assessing the severity of acute pancreatitis.
Impact of Hemodialysis on Left Ventricular Mass in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Gurjar Prasad Anil , Dighe Tushar A. , Sajgure Atul Dattatreya , Gurjar Ruchira A. 
Published: March 2023

Context:
Cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are very commonly seen in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of hemodialysis (HD) on left ventricular mass (LVM) over a short period.

Settings and Design:
This study was a prospective observational study.

Subjects and Methods:
Twenty-five patients with ESRD, enrolled for HD from January 2018 to December 2019 at tertiary care hospital, were evaluated. All patients underwent two-dimensional echocardiography at the initiation of HD and 3 months later.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The software used in the analysis was SPSS 22.0 version and Graph Pad Prism 7.0 version. The paired t-test was used to analyze quantitative data. The Chi-square test was used for qualitative data. Data were analyzed by paired t-test.

Results:
The mean age of the cases was 44.92 ± 13.78 years. The left ventricular end-diastolic diameter in diastole, interventricular septum diameter in diastole, and posterior wall diameter in diastole decreased significantly (3.36 mm, −1.40 mm, and − 1.24 mm, respectively, P = 0.001, S) at the end of 3 months. The LVM and LVM index (LVMI) decreased significantly (−57.25 g and − 32.48 g/m2, respectively, P = 0.001, S) at the end of 3 months. At the end of 3 months, LVMI decreased significantly (148.24 ± 41.26 g/m2 vs. 115.76 ± 34.24 g/m2) which correlates with the increase in hemoglobin (7.62 ± 1.63 gm/dl vs. 8.44 ± 0.81 gm/dl) (P = 0.004, S), with improvement in BP (systolic 141.28 ± 21.70 to 136.32 ± 13.87 & diastolic 86.16 ± 011.40 to 84.40 ± 8.36 mm of Hg) (P = 0.004, S) and with improvement in transferrin saturation (TSAT %) (30.05% ± 13.82% vs. 39.61% ± 14.32%) (P = 0.001, S).

Conclusion:
In patients with ESRD, cardiac dimensions were higher and LVM was increased at the initiation of HD. We found that LVMI regressed significantly with HD with optimum dry weight.