bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the Lowering Effect on Energy Levels of LUMO by the Formation of B−N Dative Bond for Near‐infrared Light Absorption Properties Based on 1,3,4,6,8,9 b‐Hexaazaphenalene
Authors: Watanabe Hiroyuki , Ito Yoshinori , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe illustrate the development of 1,3,4,6,8,9b‐hexaazaphenalene (6AP) derivatives which exhibit excellent near‐infrared (NIR) light absorption properties and deep LUMO levels. The electron‐withdrawing character of the 8‐nitrogen atom in the 6AP scaffold was enhanced by the introduction of a B−N dative bond. This formation of a boron‐nitrogen Lewis acid‐base pair succeeded in strengthening the electron‐withdrawing ability of the 8‐nitrogen atom, which induced the low‐lying LUMO levels of the resultant boron complexes. The data from UV−vis−NIR absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry suggested that these deep LUMO levels were the origins of the narrow HOMO−LUMO gap caused by selectively lowering the LUMO energy level. Furthermore, the enhancement of the molar absorption coefficients was observed in the boron complex compared to other azaphenalene derivatives in the previous reports. From theoretical calculations, the electron‐withdrawing character of the 8‐nitrogen atom induced the weak but substantial delocalization of the LUMO into the 7,9‐positions, where the LUMOs of other azaphenalene derivatives hardly exist. This electronic effect could influence the intrinsic symmetry forbidden character of electronic transition between the HOMO and the LUMO, resulting in the larger molar absorption coefficients by partially transforming to the allow character compared to those of other azaphenalene derivatives. In summary, the introduction of the boron‐nitrogen Lewis acid‐base pair into the π‐conjugated system of azaphenalene afforded the NIR light absorption properties with the ϵ reaching ∼104 M–1cm–1 and the deep LUMO levels around −4.0 eV (estimated by cyclic voltammetry).
Cutaneous tuberculosis of the foot clinically mimicking mycetoma: A case report
Authors: Ahmed Ayman , Hagelnur Amel Ahmed , Eltigani Hala Fathi , Siddig Emmanuel Edwar 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageIn a resource‐limited setting such as Sudan, where diagnostic and surveillance capacities are limited and several dermal diseases with similar clinical presentation are endemic, further precautious must taking into account.AbstractCutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Atypical clinical presentations of CTB may resemble other skin neglected diseases. For definitive diagnosis, we require a holistic diagnostic approach including clinical examination and deployment of laboratory investigations including microbial culture, histopathological, and molecular examinations of the proper samples per test. In this communication, we report a case of CTB that was initially misidentified clinically as mycetoma.
Ethylene Oxide Catalysis Under Commercial Conditions – A Guide for Researchers
Authors: Lockemeyer John R. , Lohr Tracy L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSelective oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide (EO) is performed industrially over catalysts comprised of silver particles supported on α‐Al2O3. In addition to various oxy‐anion and alkali promotors, alkyl chloride species (“chloride moderators”) are continuously introduced into commercial reactors. The effect and usage of chloride moderators is a key requirement for industrial ethylene epoxidation catalysts to reach optimal selectivity. While not an exhaustive review, the aim of this perspective is to provide guidance to academic researchers on the operation of EO catalysts under commercially relevant conditions with particular focus on the importance of performance optimization.
Controlled Immobilization of a Palladium Complex/Laccase Hybrid into a Macrocellular Siliceous Host
Authors: Yang Fangfang , Rousselot‐Pailley Pierre , Nicoletti Cendrine , Simaan A. Jalila , Faure Bruno , Courvoisier‐Dezord Elise , Amouric Agnès , Charmasson Yolande , Backov Rénal , Tron Thierry , Mekmouche Yasmina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study investigates the site‐directed immobilization of a hybrid catalyst bearing a biquinoline‐based‐Pd(II) complex (1) and a robust laccase within cavities of a silica foam to favor veratryl alcohol oxidation. We performed the grafting of 1 at a unique surface located lysine of two laccase variants, either at closed (1⊂UNIK157) or opposite position (1⊂UNIK71) of the enzyme oxidation site. After immobilization into the cavities of silica monoliths bearing hierarchical porosity, we show that catalytic activity is dependent on the orientation and loading of each hybrid, 1⊂UNIK157 being twice as active than 1⊂UNIK71 (203 TON vs 100 TON) when operating under continuous flow. These systems can be reused 5 times, with an operational activity remaining as high as 40 %. We show that the synergy between 1 and laccase can be tuned within the foam. This work is a proof of concept for controlling the organization of a heterogeneous hybrid catalyst using a Pd/laccase/silica foam.
NAV‐003, a bispecific antibody targeting a unique mesothelin epitope and CD3ε with improved cytotoxicity against humoral immunosuppressed tumors
Authors: Grasso Luigi , Jiang Qun , Hassan Raffit , Nicolaides Nicholas C. , Kline J. Bradford 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface protein overexpressed in a number of cancer types. Several antibody‐ and cellular‐based MSLN targeting agents have been tested in clinical trials where their therapeutic efficacy has been moderate at best. Previous studies using antibody and Chimeric Antigen Receptor–T cells (CAR‐T) strategies have shown the importance of particular MSLN epitopes for optimal therapeutic response, while other studies have found that certain MSLN‐positive tumors can produce proteins that can bind to subsets of IgG1‐type antibodies and suppress their immune effector activities. In an attempt to develop an improved anti‐MSLN targeting agent, we engineered a humanized divalent anti‐MSLN/anti‐CD3ε bispecific antibody that avoids suppressive factors, can target a MSLN epitope proximal to the tumor cell surface, and is capable of effectively binding, activating, and redirecting T cells to the surface of MSLN‐positive tumor cells. NAV‐003 has shown significantly improved tumor cell killing against lines producing immunosuppressive proteins in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, NAV‐003 demonstrated good tolerability in mice and efficacy against patient‐derived mesothelioma xenografts co‐engrafted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Together these data support the potential for NAV‐003 clinical development and human proof‐of‐concept studies in patients with MSLN‐expressing cancers.
Bayesian model calibration and damage detection for a digital twin of a bridge demonstrator
Authors: Titscher Thomas , van Dijk Thomas , Kadoke Daniel , Robens‐Radermacher Annika , Herrmann Ralf , Unger Jörg F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing digital twins for decision making is a very promising concept which combines simulation models with corresponding experimental sensor data in order to support maintenance decisions or to investigate the reliability. The quality of the prognosis strongly depends on both the data quality and the quality of the digital twin. The latter comprises both the modeling assumptions as well as the correct parameters of these models. This article discusses the challenges when applying this concept to real measurement data for a demonstrator bridge in the lab, including the data management, the iterative development of the simulation model as well as the identification/updating procedure using Bayesian inference with a potentially large number of parameters. The investigated scenarios include both the iterative identification of the structural model parameters as well as scenarios related to a damage identification. In addition, the article aims at providing all models and data in a reproducible way such that other researcher can use this setup to validate their methodologies.
Gene transcriptional expression of cortical thinning during childhood and adolescence
Authors: Zhou Zheyi , Wei Dongtao , Liu Wei , Chen Hong , Qin Shaozheng , Xu Pengfei , Zuo Xi‐Nian , Luo Yue‐Jia , Qiu Jiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe cognitive and behavioral development of children and adolescents is closely related to the maturation of brain morphology. Although the trajectory of brain development has been depicted in detail, the underlying biological mechanism of normal cortical morphological development in childhood and adolescence remains unclear. By combining the Allen Human Brain Atlas dataset with two single‐site magnetic resonance imaging data including 427 and 733 subjects from China and the United States, respectively, we performed partial least squares regression and enrichment analysis to explore the relationship between the gene transcriptional expression and the development of cortical thickness in childhood and adolescence. We found that the spatial model of normal cortical thinning during childhood and adolescence is associated with genes expressed predominantly in astrocytes, microglia, excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Top cortical development‐related genes are enriched for energy‐related and DNA‐related terms and are associated with psychological and cognitive disorders. Interestingly, there is a great deal of similarity between the findings derived from the two single‐site datasets. This fills the gap between early cortical development and transcriptomes, which promotes an integrative understanding of the potential biological neural mechanisms.
New homogenized precipitation database for Hungary from 1901
Authors: Szentes Olivér , Lakatos Mónika , Pongrácz Rita 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrecipitation is a highly variable meteorological element. Similarly, to other meteorological elements (e.g. temperature), the changes in the measurement practices or in the environment can cause inhomogeneities in the precipitation data series. Therefore, homogenization of precipitation data series is necessary before studying the long‐term climate change. In this paper we present the main features of the MASH procedure, which we use to produce homogenized climate datasets for Hungary at the Climate Department of the Hungarian Meteorological Service (OMSZ). Due to the increasing number of discontinued precipitation stations, the number of missing data has increased significantly; therefore the station networks used for precipitation homogenization have been completely renewed. With this renewal, the percentage of missing data has been minimized, the number of data series has been increased and a denser station network is now used in mountainous areas where the spatial variability of precipitation is the highest. As a result, a new, more homogeneous, representative precipitation database of Hungary from 1901 to the present has been created. In the paper, we also examine the main characteristics of the detected inhomogeneities, with examples of the main types of inhomogeneities for some stations.
The emergence and dominance of Planktothrix rubescens as an hypolimnetic cyanobacterium in response to re‐oligotrophication of a deep peri‐alpine lake
Authors: Suarez Ena Lucia , De Ventura Lukas , Stöckli Arno , Ordóñez César , Thomas Mridul K. , Ibelings Bastiaan W. , McGinnis Daniel F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractToxic cyanobacteria, such as Planktothrix rubescens, came to dominate temperate lakes in the mid‐to‐late 20th century, as a result of eutrophication. Even after decades of re‐oligotrophication, where phosphorus levels were reduced by 1–2 orders of magnitude, P. rubescens remains present in various lakes. In this study, we examine the persistence and changes of P. rubescens deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) in Lake Hallwil (Switzerland) over 35 yr of steadily decreasing phosphorous concentrations. Although lake transparency increased and the euphotic layer deepened during this period, the P. rubescens population maximum moved even deeper. It is now found ca. 7.7 m deeper than its shallowest position in the 2000s, and this depth no longer coincides with the depth of maximal water column stability. P. rubescens neutral buoyancy has now driven it beneath the stable metalimnion into the hypolimnion, where buoyancy regulation is restricted due to reduced metabolic activity at low light and low temperature. If P. rubescens DCM continues to deepen each year, it will eventually reach a region of lower stability in the hypolimnion where turbulent conditions are strong enough to disperse the DCM. We also explore the mechanisms that ensure P. rubescens ongoing presence in peri‐alpine lakes despite strong re‐oligotrophication and ongoing climate change. We find that P. rubescens in the lake is mainly sustained by growth during fully mixed conditions in winter, not during stratification in summer. This may contradict another commonly made prediction that periods of longer stratification will promote future blooms of this cyanobacterium.
Light, ammonium, pH, and phytoplankton competition as environmental factors controlling nitrification
Authors: Proctor Claudette , Coupel Pierre , Casciotti Karen , Tremblay Jean‐Eric , Zakem Emily , Arrigo Kevin R. , Mills Matthew M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen (N) plays a critical role in supporting marine ecosystems and controlling primary production. Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia (NH3) by microorganisms, is an important process in the marine N cycle, supplying nitrate (), the primary source of N that fuels new phytoplankton growth, and the primary substrate for the microbial process of denitrification. Understanding nitrification in the Chukchi Sea, the shallow sea overlying the continental shelf north of Alaska and the Bering Strait, is particularly important as phytoplankton growth there has been shown to be limited by N. However, the controls on nitrification in the water column and potential effects of climate change remain unknown. This study seeks to characterize the controls on nitrification in the Chukchi Sea. We found light to be a strong control on nitrification rates. Nitrification was undetectable at light levels above 23 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Subsequently, sea ice concentration was related to nitrification, with rates being higher at stations with high ice cover where light transmission to the water column was reduced. High ammonium () concentrations also enhanced nitrification, suggesting that nitrifying organisms were substrate‐limited, likely due to competition for from phytoplankton. Unlike previous experimental studies, we found that nitrification rates were higher under low pH conditions. As the effects of ocean acidification and warming disproportionately impact the Arctic, nitrification rates will undoubtedly be affected. Our results will help guide future studies on potential implications of climate change on the biogeochemistry of N in the Chukchi Sea.
A novel oncogene trigger transposable element derived‐1 promotes oral squamous cell carcinoma progression via evoking immune inhibition
Authors: Qiao Xue , Zhu Li , Song Rongbo , Shang Chao , Guo Yan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) globally. Its incidence rate is rapidly increasing, and its 5‐year survival rate remains at 50%, despite advances in medical science. Trigger transposable element‐derived 1 (TIGD1) has been found to be upregulated in various cancer types. However, its biological function in OSCC requires further investigation. We searched the Cancer Genome Atlas database using CIBERSORT and TIMER 2.0 to predict the significance of TIGD1 and evaluate its effect on immune cell infiltration. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to determine the biological functions of TIGD1. Gain/loss of function techniques were used to explore the biological behavior of TIGD1 in Cal27 and HSC4 cells. Finally, flow cytometry was used to detect dendritic cell markers in an OSCC and dendritic cell co‐culture model. Our results show that TIGD1 is upregulated significantly in OSCC and is closely associated with tumor progression and prognosis. TIGD1 functions as an oncogene by increasing cells proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting cell invasion and migration. TIGD1 is also involved in tumor immune cell infiltration. Its overexpression can inhibit dendritic cell maturation, leading to immune suppression and tumor progression. High TIGD1 expression, which promotes OSCC progression, might be related to decreased dendritic cell maturation and activation. These findings suggest that TIGD1‐specific small interfering RNA synthesized in vitro could be a new target for OSCC immunotherapy.
Structure Characterization and Anti‐Rheumatoid Arthritis Activity of a Polysaccharide from Notopterygium incisum
Authors: Ye Meng , Feng Qi , Jiang Ying , Wang Feng , Shi Xuexia , Yang Xiaobing , Gao Xiangdong , Liu Wei 
Published: May 2023

ScopeNotopterygium incisum is a traditional Chinese medicine that is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Polysaccharides from N. incisum can be one of its main active components. However, there have been little investigations on N. incisum polysaccharides.Methods and resultsA novel polysaccharide named NIP is extracted from N. incisum with a molecular weight of 2.34 × 106 Da. NIP, composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, and galacturonic acid, is linked by methyl esterified 1,4‐linked α‐galacturonic acid, 1,6‐linked β‐galactose, 1,5‐linked α‐arabinose, and 1,4,6‐linked β‐ glucose. In vitro, NIP can inhibit the NO production of LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, NIP relieves toe redness and swelling of AIA rats, reduces the release of inflammatory factors in the serum, and inhibits the activation of NF‐κB and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. In addition, NIP can effectively decrease oxidative stress, reverse intestinal flora imbalance, and promote butyric acid‐producing bacteria's proliferation to exert anti‐RA activity.ConclusionNIP may be recommended as a functional food that can alleviate the damage of rheumatoid arthritis.
Writing‐Speed Dependent Thresholds of Ferroelectric Domain Switching in Monolayer α‐In2Se3
Authors: Yang Weijie , Cheng Bo , Hou Jianhua , Deng Junkai , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Liu Jefferson Zhe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn electrical‐biased or mechanical‐loaded scanning probe written on the ferroelectric surface can generate programmable domain nanopatterns for ultra‐scaled and reconfigurable nanoscale electronics. Fabricating ferroelectric domain patterns by direct‐writing as quickly as possible is highly desirable for high response rate devices. Using monolayer α‐In2Se3 ferroelectric with ≈1.2 nm thickness and intrinsic out‐of‐plane polarization as an example, a writing‐speed dependent effect on ferroelectric domain switching is discovered. The results indicate that the threshold voltages and threshold forces for domain switching can be increased from −4.2 to −5 V and from 365 to 1216 nN, respectively, as the writing‐speed increases from 2.2 to 10.6 µm s−1. The writing‐speed dependent threshold voltages can be attributed to the nucleations of reoriented ferroelectric domains, in which sufficient time is needed for subsequent domain growth. The writing‐speed dependent threshold forces can be attributed to the flexoelectric effect. Furthermore, the electrical‐mechanical coupling can be employed to decrease the threshold force, achieving as low as ≈189±41 nN, a value smaller than those of perovskite ferroelectric films. Such findings reveal a critical issue of ferroelectric domain pattern engineering that should be carefully addressed for programmable direct‐writing electronics applications.
Blockchain‐based authentication and secure communication in IoT networks
Authors: Lau Chi Ho , Yeung Kai Hau , Yan Fan , Chan Sammy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application of IoT covers various domains, including smart cities, smart homes, e‐health, autonomous vehicles and so forth. These are powered by IoT networks which consist of a collection of heterogeneous devices. These devices collect and analyze personal data and sometimes make decisions for us. Since IoTs are involved in the decision‐making process, the authenticity and privacy of such networks are critical. In this article, authenticated devices configuration protocol (ADCP) is proposed to handle the authentication and construct a secure overlay network in the existing IoT networks; authenticated device transmission protocol is also proposed to secure the communication within the overlay network. Besides the authentication, ADCP can also mitigate the zero‐day attack and achieve zero the zero‐day attack can also be mitigated and achieved 0 round trip time key exchange. These protocols utilize a distributed blockchain database to store the authentication records optimized for data integrity. These properties guarantee the integrity of the authentication records. Both protocols are compatible with the existing communication protocols and do not require reprogramming the current software. The formal analysis of the proposed scheme has proven its resilience against various possible attacks. In addition, a stochastic threat model is considered and numerical results give solid evidence of security enhancement.
Defect Identification of Power Line Insulators Based on a MobileViT‐Yolo Deep Learning Algorithm
Authors: Zan Weidong , Dong Chaoyi , Zhang Zhiming , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhao Jianfei , Hao Fu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPower line insulator defect identification usually suffers from complex backgrounds, small defect target sizes, and inconspicuous defect features. Traditional identification methods based on image processing, image analysis, and pattern classification have many limitations in solving the aforementioned problems. In recent decades, deep learning classification methods have gradually replaced traditional identification methods in the task of power line insulator defect identification. To accurately identify the locations of insulator defects, this paper proposes an insulator defect detection algorithm using an improved lightweight YOLOv4‐tiny network (ILYTN). First, the CBL (Conv‐BN‐LeakyReLU) modules of the backbone network are replaced with MobileViT blocks to enhance the feature extraction capability of the backbone network. Second, coordinate attention (CA) is introduced in the feature fusion part to improve the network's ability to focus on the location of defects. Finally, an EIOU (efficient intersection over union) loss function, instead of the original CIOU loss function, is used so that the convergence speed of the network can be improved. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in this paper, the mViT‐yolo algorithm is compared with the mainstream Faster‐RCNN algorithm, SSD algorithm, YOLOv3 algorithm, and YOLOv4‐tiny algorithm. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper outperforms all the above algorithms in terms of detection accuracy. Compared with the traditional YOLOv4‐tiny algorithm, the proposed algorithm increases the mean average precision (mAP) by 1.64%, the average precision (AP) of missing insulator defects by 0.32%, and the average precision (AP) of broken insulator defects by 4.96%. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.