bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Glaciers in the European Alps to Anthropogenic Atmospheric Forcings: Case Study of the Argentière Glacier
Authors: Clauzel Léo , Ménégoz Martin , Gilbert Adrien , Gagliardini Olivier , Six Delphine , Gastineau Guillaume , Vincent Christian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aims to quantify the contribution of anthropogenic forcings on the retreat of the Argentière Glacier (European Alps). The glacier evolution is simulated over 1850–2014 following retrospective scenarios produced with the IPSL‐CM6‐LR climate model, with and without natural and anthropogenic forcings. The scenarios used to force an ice flow model are statistically downscaled, preserving the long‐term trends and the physical consistency between precipitation and temperature. Since the late 19th century, the regional aerosol cooling has partially counteracted the greenhouse gas‐induced warming, delaying the time of emergence of the anthropogenic signal. The anthropogenic signal emerged from natural variability in 1979 for temperature and surface melting, and in 2008 for the glacier mass, whereas its snout position in 2014 remains compatible with natural variability. From the total mass loss between 1850 and 2014, 66% [21%–111%] is attributed to anthropogenic activities.
Warm‐Season Afternoon Precipitation Peak in the Central Bay of Bengal: Process‐Oriented Diagnostics
Authors: Peng Chin‐Hsuan , Chen Xingchao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPast studies have indicated that precipitation over tropical open oceans generally peaks in the early morning. However, an intriguing departure from this pattern is observed in the central Bay of Bengal (CBoB), where rainfall exhibits a distinct afternoon peak during the South Asian summer monsoon season. By using a novel satellite‐based cloud classification and tracking data set, we found that more than 75% of the afternoon rainfall (15–17 LST) over the CBoB comes from mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Most of the MCSs contributing to the CBoB afternoon rainfall peak originate either locally over the CBoB or near the west and east coasts of the BoB, in contrast to the northern BoB as highlighted in previous studies. Analyses show that MCSs initiated near coastlines are primarily influenced by land‐sea breezes, whereas MCSs initiated over the BoB open ocean during early morning are strongly associated with diurnal radiative forcings. In addition, there are clear diurnal propagating MCS initiation signals from the west and north coastlines of the BoB to the CBoB, which are related to diurnal gravity waves emitted from the coastlines. The thermodynamic conditions conducive to MCS initiation over different sub‐regions of the BoB are also investigated. No systematic differences found in environmental convective available potential energy between days with and without MCS initiation. However, over most sub‐regions, days with MCS initiation generally have higher total column water vapor than days without MCS initiation. This difference suggests that the lower‐free‐tropospheric moisture content plays an important role in MCS initiation over the BoB.
Ice Content of Mantling Materials in Deuteronilus Mensae, Mars
Authors: Baker David M. H. , Carter Lynn M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLayers of ice and dust (i.e., “mantle”) are found throughout the mid‐latitudes of Mars, where they drape and mute topography and record the recent climate history. Many of the youngest Late Amazonian “latitude‐dependent mantles” have been characterized, but the full range of mantle characteristics, including variations in ice content and age, has not been well documented. To advance our understanding of these ice‐dust units, we use SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) radar sounding data to constrain the subsurface physical properties of a widespread Middle Amazonian mantle unit within Deuteronilus Mensae. This region hosts a high density of glacial landforms, which allows assessment of the stratigraphic relationship between mantle deposits and glacial ice. SHARAD reflectors at the base of the mantle units are used to determine moderate dielectric constants (∼5.75) and high loss tangents (∼0.038). These radar properties imply relatively limited ice content and high‐loss mantling materials with possible enhanced roughness or subsurface scattering. Further, we interpret deeper reflectors that are continuous with glacier basal reflectors and that suggest materials with lower dielectric constants (∼3.2–4.5) and loss tangents (0.0071–0.0120) to be due to extensions of stagnant, possibly lithic‐rich, glacier ice that are buried by a mantle layer. This study demonstrates the high variability in the origins and evolution of mid‐latitude mantling units on Mars. While the most recent latitude‐dependent mantling deposits may still be ice‐rich, older deposits, such as those preserved in Deuteronilus Mensae and elsewhere in the mid‐latitudes of Mars, may be largely desiccated or contain a more heterogeneous and limited distribution of ice.
Improving Treatment of Noise Specification of Kalman Filtering for State Updating of Hydrological Models: Combining the Strengths of the Interacting Multiple Model Method and Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Y. , Tian X. , Bao W. , Qu S. , Li Q. , Chen Y. , Zhou Z. , Shi P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFiltering methods have been widely used to improve the forecast performances of hydrological models. Although extensive research has been carried out on filtering methods in the hydrology literature, researchers have not treated the noise statistics of filtering methods in much detail. Wrongly specified noise statistics can lead to degraded state estimates and even filter divergence. A powerful approach for state estimation in the presence of unknown noise statistics is the interacting multiple model method (IMM), which solves the noise specification problem by combining the strengths of multiple filters with different noise statistics. The IMM method has received little to no attention in the hydrologic context. This paper proposes a novel approach (IMM‐CKF) for updating the states of hydrological models in the presence of unknown noise statistics by combining the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) with the IMM. The CKF is a popular nonlinear filter that has received little attention in the hydrology literature. The method is tested using a lumped hydrological model. The results of the synthetic case suggest the IMM‐CKF can yield an accurate estimate for the switch as well as the changed states when there are abrupt changes in the noise statistics of true noises, even if sub‐filter noise statistics are not equal to the real ones. The real case results (a forecast experiment) show that the IMM‐CKF has successfully combined the strengths of different sub‐filters and associated noise statistics. The IMM‐CKF can be useful for hydrological forecasting, especially when useful information about the true noise statistics is unavailable.
Assessing Clouds Using Satellite Observations Through Three Generations of Global Atmosphere Models
Authors: Medeiros Brian , Shaw Jonah , Kay Jennifer E. , Davis Isaac 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClouds are parameterized in climate models using quantities on the model grid‐scale to approximate the cloud cover and impact on radiation. Because of the complexity of processes involved with clouds, these parameterizations are one of the key challenges in climate modeling. Differences in parameterizations of clouds are among the main contributors to the spread in climate sensitivity across models. In this work, the clouds in three generations of an atmosphere model lineage are evaluated against satellite observations. Satellite simulators are used within the model to provide an appropriate comparison with individual satellite products. In some respects, especially the top‐of‐atmosphere cloud radiative effect, the models show generational improvements. The most recent generation, represented by two distinct branches of development, exhibits some regional regressions in the cloud representation; in particular the southern ocean shows a positive bias in cloud cover. The two branches of model development show how choices during model development, both structural and parametric, lead to different cloud climatologies. Several evaluation strategies are used to quantify the spatial errors in terms of the large‐scale circulation and the cloud structure. The Earth mover's distance is proposed as a useful error metric for the passive satellite data products that provide cloud‐top pressure‐optical depth histograms. The cloud errors identified here may contribute to the high climate sensitivity in the Community Earth System Model, version 2 and in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, version 1.
Linking Soil Structure, Hydraulic Properties, and Organic Carbon Dynamics: A Holistic Framework to Study the Impact of Climate Change and Land Management
Authors: Jha Achla , Bonetti Sara , Smith A. Peyton , Souza Rodolfo , Calabrese Salvatore 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change and unsustainable land management practices have resulted in extensive soil degradation, including alteration of soil structure (i.e., aggregate and pore size distributions), loss of soil organic carbon, and reduction of water and nutrient holding capacities. Although soil structure, hydrologic processes, and biogeochemical fluxes are tightly linked, their interaction is often unaccounted for in current ecohydrological, hydrological and terrestrial biosphere models. For more holistic predictions of soil hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, models need to incorporate soil structure and macroporosity dynamics, whether in a natural or agricultural ecosystem. Here, we present a theoretical framework that couples soil hydrologic processes and soil microbial activity to soil organic carbon dynamics through the dynamics of soil structure. In particular, we link the Millennial model for soil carbon dynamics, which explicitly models the formation and breakdown of soil aggregates, to a recent parameterization of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves and to solute and O2 diffusivities to soil microsites based on soil macroporosity. To illustrate the significance of incorporating the dynamics of soil structure, we apply the framework to a case study in which soil and vegetation recover over time from agricultural practices. The new framework enables more holistic predictions of the effects of climate change and land management practices on coupled soil hydrological and biogeochemical cycles.
RETRACTED: A Survey of Five Generations of MIMO Multiband Base Station Antennas
Authors: Tahseen Hafiz Usman , Mescia Luciano , Catarinucci Luca 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAs telecommunication systems evolve, there is an increasing demand for multi‐band MIMO base‐station antennas. Antenna arrays are generally used to support multiple frequencies with multiple ports in a compact size. However, this can result in significant degradation in scattering patterns and return loss/port isolation due to the close proximity of the radiation from the array. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these issues. This paper presents an overview of the challenges faced by base station antennas (BSAs) over time and their general solutions. With the technological advancements of communication systems, accompanied by high data rates, high‐frequency antenna designs and MIMO operations have been introduced at the base station level. Base station antennas encountered design challenges, including broad bandwidth, high isolation levels, stable half‐power beam width, beam squint reduction, high cross polarization discrimination (XPD), gain improvement, beam steering, compact size, and cost reduction. This survey provides information on the solutions adopted by researchers over time for each design challenge, with citations. Additionally, the authors discuss techniques developed to overcome these challenges, demonstrating the evolution of BSAs from the first to the fifth generation of telecommunication systems.
The tumor suppressor CREBBP and the oncogene MYCN cooperate to induce malignant brain tumors in mice
Authors: Schoof Melanie , Epplen Gefion Dorothea , Walter Carolin , Ballast Annika , Holdhof Dörthe , Göbel Carolin , Neyazi Sina , Varghese Julian , Albert Thomas Karl , Kerl Kornelius , Schüller Ulrich 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe tumor suppressor and chromatin modifier cAMP response element-binding protein binding protein (CREBBP) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN), a member of the MYC oncogene family, are critically involved in brain development. Both genes are frequently mutated in the same tumor entities, including high-grade glioma and medulloblastoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations in both genes cooperate to induce brain tumor formation. For further investigation, hGFAP-cre::CrebbpFl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice were generated, which combine Crebbp deletion with overexpression of MYCN in neural stem cells (NSCs). Within eight months, these animals developed aggressive forebrain tumors. The first tumors were detectable in the olfactory bulbs of seven-day-old mice. This location raises the possibility that presumptive founder cells are derived from the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). To examine the cellular biology of these tumors, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed, which revealed high intratumoral heterogeneity. Data comparison with reference CNS cell types indicated the highest similarity of tumor cells with transit-amplifying NSCs or activated NSCs of the V-SVZ. Consequently, we analyzed V-SVZ NSCs of our mouse model aiming to confirm that the tumors originate from this stem cell niche. Mutant V-SVZ NSCs showed significantly increased cell viability and proliferation as well as reduced glial and neural differentiation in vitro compared to control cells. In summary, we demonstrate the oncogenic potential of a combined loss of function of CREBBP and overexpression of MYCN in this cell population. hGFAP-cre::CrebbpFl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice thus provide a valuable tool to study tumor-driving mechanisms in a key neural stem/ progenitor cell niche.
TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ma Yueming , Ye Xianglu , Zhang Ning , Pan Lei , Wang Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
Hepatocyte DDX3X protects against drug-induced acute liver injury via controlling stress granule formation and oxidative stress
Authors: Luo Tingting , Yang Suzhen , Zhao Tianming , Zhu Hanlong , Chen Chunyan , Shi Xiaoxiao , Chen Di , Wang Kai , Jiang Kang , Xu Dan , Cheng Ming , Li Juan , Li Wenting , Xu Weijun , Zhou Lin , Jiang Mingzuo , Xu Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Continuous and prolonged hepatic cellular oxidative stress and liver inflammatory stimuli are key signatures of DILI. DEAD-box helicase 3, X-linked (DDX3X) is a central regulator in pro-survival stress granule (SG) assembly in response to stress signals. However, the role of DDX3X in DILI remains unknown. Herein, we characterized the hepatocyte-specific role of DDX3X in DILI. Human liver tissues of DILI patients and control subjects were used to evaluate DDX3X expression. APAP, CCl4 and TAA models of DILI were established and compared between hepatocyte-specific DDX3X knockout (DDX3XΔhep) and wild-type control (DDX3Xfl/fl) mice. Hepatic expression of DDX3X was significantly decreased in the pathogenesis of DILI compared with controls in human and mice. Compared to DDX3Xfl/fl mice, DDX3XΔhep mice developed significant liver injury in multiple DILI models. DDX3X deficiency aggravates APAP induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte death by affecting the pro-survival stress granule (SG) assembly. Moreover, DDX3X deficiency induces inflammatory responses and causes pronounced macrophage infiltration. The use of targeted DDX3X drug maybe promising for the treatment of DILI in human.
STAT3 and HIF1α cooperatively mediate the transcriptional and physiological responses to hypoxia
Authors: Dinarello Alberto , Betto Riccardo Massimiliano , Diamante Linda , Tesoriere Annachiara , Ghirardo Rachele , Cioccarelli Chiara , Meneghetti Giacomo , Peron Margherita , Laquatra Claudio , Tiso Natascia , Martello Graziano , Argenton Francesco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSTAT3 and HIF1α are two fundamental transcription factors involved in many merging processes, like angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Notably, under pathological conditions, the two factors have been shown to interact genetically, but both the molecular mechanisms underlying such interactions and their relevance under physiological conditions remain unclear. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) we manage to determine the specific subset of hypoxia-induced genes that need STAT3 to be properly transcribed and, among them, fundamental genes like Vegfa, Hk1, Hk2, Pfkp and Hilpda are worth mentioning. Unexpectedly, we also demonstrated that the absence of STAT3 does not affect the expression of Hif1α mRNA nor the stabilization of HIF1α protein, but the STAT3-driven regulation of the hypoxia-dependent subset of gene could rely on the physical interaction between STAT3 and HIF1α. To further elucidate the physiological roles of this STAT3 non-canonical nuclear activity, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 zebrafish stat3 knock-out line. Notably, hypoxia-related fluorescence of the hypoxia zebrafish reporter line (HRE:mCherry) cannot be induced when Stat3 is not active and, while Stat3 Y705 phosphorylation seems to have a pivotal role in this process, S727 does not affect the Stat3-dependent hypoxia response. Hypoxia is fundamental for vascularization, angiogenesis and immune cells mobilization; all processes that, surprisingly, cannot be induced by low oxygen levels when Stat3 is genetically ablated. All in all, here we report the specific STAT3/HIF1α-dependent subset of genes in vitro and, for the first time with an in vivo model, we determined some of the physiological roles of STAT3-hypoxia crosstalk.
Wdr5-mediated H3K4me3 coordinately regulates cell differentiation, proliferation termination, and survival in digestive organogenesis
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yang Chun , Wang Zixu , Guo Liwei , Xu Yongpan , Gao Ce , Sun Yonghua , Zhang Zhenhai , Peng Jinrong , Hu Minjie , Jan Lo Li , Ma Zhipeng , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFood digestion requires the cooperation of different digestive organs. The differentiation of digestive organs is crucial for larvae to start feeding. Therefore, during digestive organogenesis, cell identity and the tissue morphogenesis must be tightly coordinated but how this is accomplished is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that WD repeat domain 5 (Wdr5)-mediated H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) coordinately regulates cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in zebrafish organogenesis of three major digestive organs including intestine, liver, and exocrine pancreas. During zebrafish digestive organogenesis, some of cells in these organ primordia usually undergo differentiation without apoptotic activity and gradually reduce their proliferation capacity. In contrast, cells in the three digestive organs of wdr5−/− mutant embryos retain progenitor-like status with high proliferation rates, and undergo apoptosis. Wdr5 is a core member of COMPASS complex to implement H3K4me3 and its expression is enriched in digestive organs from 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). Further analysis reveals that lack of differentiation gene expression is due to significant decreases of H3K4me3 around the transcriptional start sites of these genes; this histone modification also reduces the proliferation capacity in differentiated cells by increasing the expression of apc to promote the degradation of β-Catenin; in addition, H3K4me3 promotes the expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as xiap-like, which modulates p53 activity to guarantee differentiated cell survival. Thus, our findings have discovered a common molecular mechanism for cell fate determination in different digestive organs during organogenesis, and also provided insights to understand mechanistic basis of human diseases in these digestive organs.
Integrating somatic CNV and gene expression in breast cancers from women with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
Authors: Brewer Takae , Yehia Lamis , Bazeley Peter , Eng Charis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWomen with germline PTEN variants (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, PHTS) have up to 85% lifetime risk of female breast cancer (BC). We previously showed that PHTS-derived BCs are distinct from sporadic BCs both at the clinical and genomic levels. In this study, we examined somatic copy number variations (CNV) and transcriptome data to further characterize the somatic landscape of PHTS-derived BCs. We analyzed exome sequencing data from 44 BCs from women with PHTS for CNV. The control group comprised of 558 women with sporadic BCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Here, we found that PHTS-derived BCs have several distinct CNV peaks compared to TCGA. Furthermore, RNA sequencing data revealed that PHTS-derived BCs have a distinct immunologic cell type signature, which points toward cancer immune evasion. Transcriptomic data also revealed PHTS-derived BCs with pathogenic germline PTEN variants appear to have vitamin E degradation as a key pathway associated with tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our study revealed distinct CNV x transcript features in PHTS-derived BCs, which further facilitate understanding of BC biology arising in the setting of germline PTEN mutations.