bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of emotional awareness in evaluative judgment: evidence from alexithymia
Authors: Díaz Rodrigo , Prinz Jesse 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvaluative judgments imply positive or negative regard. But there are different ways in which something can be positive or negative. How do we tell them apart? According to Evaluative Sentimentalism, different evaluations (e.g., dangerousness vs. offensiveness) are grounded on different emotions (e.g., fear vs. anger). If this is the case, evaluation differentiation requires emotional awareness. Here, we test this hypothesis by looking at alexithymia, a deficit in emotional awareness consisting of problems identifying, describing, and thinking about emotions. The results of Study 1 suggest that high alexithymia is not only related to problems distinguishing emotions, but also to problems distinguishing evaluations. Study 2 replicated this latter effect after controlling for individual differences in attentional impulsiveness and reflective reasoning, and found that reasoning makes an independent contribution to evaluation differentiation. These results suggest that emotional sensibilities play an irreducible role in evaluative judgment while affording a role for reasoning.
Methods for controlled preparation and dosing of microplastic fragments in bioassays
Authors: Boettcher Hayden , Kukulka Tobias , Cohen Jonathan H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicroplastic fragments (microfragments) are among the most abundant microplastic shapes found in marine ecosystems throughout the world. Due to their limited commercial availability, microfragments are rarely used in laboratory experiments. Here a novel method of microfragment production has been developed and validated. Polyethylene and polypropylene plastic stock (2 and 3 mm thick respectively) was ground using a cryomill, washed, and rinsed through a stack of sieves. Microfragments were prepared at three distinct size classes (53–150, 150–300, 300–1000 μm) and were confirmed to be accurate and consistent in size. Employing a novel ice cap dosing technique, microfragments were accurately dosed into experimental vials while excluding headspace, facilitating particle suspension without the aid of chemical surfactants. A proof of principle ingestion experiment confirmed the bioavailability of 53–150 μm polyethylene microfragments to brine shrimp Artemia sp. Together, these methods provide a controlled way to produce and dose microplastic fragments for experimental and analytical research.
Weakly supervised label propagation algorithm classifies lung cancer imaging subtypes
Authors: Ren Xueting , Jia Liye , Zhao Zijuan , Qiang Yan , Wu Wei , Han Peng , Zhao Juanjuan , Sun Jingyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAiming at the problems of long time, high cost, invasive sampling damage, and easy emergence of drug resistance in lung cancer gene detection, a reliable and non-invasive prognostic method is proposed. Under the guidance of weakly supervised learning, deep metric learning and graph clustering methods are used to learn higher-level abstract features in CT imaging features. The unlabeled data is dynamically updated through the k-nearest label update strategy, and the unlabeled data is transformed into weak label data and continue to update the process of strong label data to optimize the clustering results and establish a classification model for predicting new subtypes of lung cancer imaging. Five imaging subtypes are confirmed on the lung cancer dataset containing CT, clinical and genetic information downloaded from the TCIA lung cancer database. The successful establishment of the new model has a significant accuracy rate for subtype classification (ACC = 0.9793), and the use of CT sequence images, gene expression, DNA methylation and gene mutation data from the cooperative hospital in Shanxi Province proves the biomedical value of this method. The proposed method also can comprehensively evaluate intratumoral heterogeneity based on the correlation between the final lung CT imaging features and specific molecular subtypes.
Unusual nonlinear switching in branched carbon nanotube nanocomposites
Authors: Lacarbonara Walter , Guruva Sawan Kumar , Carboni Biagio , Krause Beate , Janke Andreas , Formica Giovanni , Lanzara Giulia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this experimental study, we investigate the nonlinear dynamic response of nanocomposite beams composed of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and branched carbon nanotubes (bCNTs). By varying the weight fraction of bCNTs, we obtain frequency response curves for cantilever specimens under harmonic base excitations, measuring the tip displacement via 3D scanning laser vibrometry. Our findings reveal a surprising nonlinear softening trend in the steady-state response of the cantilevers, which gets switched into hardening for higher bCNT weight fractions and increasing oscillation amplitudes. The interaction of bCNTs with the thermoplastic hosting matrix results in stick-slip hysteresis, causing a softening nonlinearity that counteracts the geometric hardening associated with the nonlinear curvature of the first mode of the cantilever. However, when the weight fraction of bCNTs is greater than 1%, the bridging of the branched CNTs leads to the formation of a strong network that contributes to the hardening response at higher oscillation amplitudes. This mechanical behavior is detected by the trend of the nonlinear harmonic spectra and the equivalent damping ratio estimated using the half-power bandwidth method. To predict the observed unusual experimental behavior, we use a nonlinear mathematical model of the nanocomposite cantilever samples derived from a 3D mesoscale hysteretic model of the PBT/bCNT material. Our results suggest that the presence of bCNTs in a thermoplastic matrix is the main driver of the highly tunable nonlinear stiffness and damping capacity of the material. The reported experimental and modeling results provide valuable insights into the nonlinear dynamic behavior of PBT/bCNT nanocomposites and have potential applications in the design of advanced materials with tailored mechanical properties.
Effects of histone methylation modification on low temperature seed germination and growth of maize
Authors: Qi Xin , Wan Chang , Zhang Xing , Sun Weifeng , Liu Rui , Wang Zhennan , Wang Zhenhui , Ling Fenglou 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLow temperature is a limiting factor of seed germination and plant growth. Although there is a lot information on the response of maize to low temperatures, there is still poorly description of how histone methylation affects maize germination and growth development at low temperatures. In this study, the germination rate and physiological indexes of wild-type maize inbred lines B73 (WT), SDG102 silencing lines (AS), SDG102 overexpressed lines (OE) at germination stage and seedling stage were measured under low temperature stress (4 ℃), and transcriptome sequencing was applied to analyze the differences of gene expression in panicle leaves among different materials. The results showed that the germination rate of WT and OE maize seeds at 4 ℃ was significantly lower than 25 ℃. The content of MDA, SOD and POD of 4 ℃ seeding leaves higher than contrast. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that there were 409 different expression genes (DEGs) between WT and AS, and the DEGs were mainly up-regulated expression in starch and sucrose metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. There were 887 DEGs between WT and OE, which were mainly up-regulated in the pathways of plant hormone signal transduction, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. This result could provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the growth and development of maize from the perspective of histone methylation modification.
Assessing the utility of a sliding-windows deep neural network approach for risk prediction of trauma patients
Authors: Bonde Alexander , Bonde Mikkel , Troelsen Anders , Sillesen Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe risks of post trauma complications are regulated by the injury, comorbidities, and the clinical trajectories, yet prediction models are often limited to single time-point data. We hypothesize that deep learning prediction models can be used for risk prediction using additive data after trauma using a sliding windows approach. Using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS TQIP) database, we developed three deep neural network models, for sliding-windows risk prediction. Output variables included early- and late mortality and any of 17 complications. As patients moved through the treatment trajectories, performance metrics increased. Models predicted early- and late mortality with ROC AUCs ranging from 0.980 to 0.994 and 0.910 to 0.972, respectively. For the remaining 17 complications, the mean performance ranged from 0.829 to 0.912. In summary, the deep neural networks achieved excellent performance in the sliding windows risk stratification of trauma patients.
Materials swelling revealed through automated semantic segmentation of cavities in electron microscopy images
Authors: Jacobs Ryan , Patki Priyam , Lynch Matthew J. , Chen Steven , Morgan Dane , Field Kevin G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccurately quantifying swelling of alloys that have undergone irradiation is essential for understanding alloy performance in a nuclear reactor and critical for the safe and reliable operation of reactor facilities. However, typical practice is for radiation-induced defects in electron microscopy images of alloys to be manually quantified by domain-expert researchers. Here, we employ an end-to-end deep learning approach using the Mask Regional Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) model to detect and quantify nanoscale cavities in irradiated alloys. We have assembled a database of labeled cavity images which includes 400 images, > 34 k discrete cavities, and numerous alloy compositions and irradiation conditions. We have evaluated both statistical (precision, recall, and F1 scores) and materials property-centric (cavity size, density, and swelling) metrics of model performance, and performed targeted analysis of materials swelling assessments. We find our model gives assessments of material swelling with an average (standard deviation) swelling mean absolute error based on random leave-out cross-validation of 0.30 (0.03) percent swelling. This result demonstrates our approach can accurately provide swelling metrics on a per-image and per-condition basis, which can provide helpful insight into material design (e.g., alloy refinement) and impact of service conditions (e.g., temperature, irradiation dose) on swelling. Finally, we find there are cases of test images with poor statistical metrics, but small errors in swelling, pointing to the need for moving beyond traditional classification-based metrics to evaluate object detection models in the context of materials domain applications.
Hyperpolarized δ-[1- 13C]gluconolactone imaging visualizes response to TERT or GABPB1 targeting therapy for glioblastoma
Authors: Minami Noriaki , Hong Donghyun , Taglang Celine , Batsios Georgios , Gillespie Anne Marie , Viswanath Pavithra , Stevers Nicholas , Barger Carter J. , Costello Joseph F. , Ronen Sabrina M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTERT promoter mutations are a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). Accordingly, TERT and GABPB1, a subunit of the upstream mutant TERT promoter transcription factor GABP, are being considered as promising therapeutic targets in GBM. We recently reported that the expression of TERT or GABP1 modulates flux via the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Here, we investigated whether 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of hyperpolarized (HP) δ- [1-13C]gluconolactone can serve to image the reduction in PPP flux following TERT or GABPB1 silencing. We investigated two different human GBM cell lines stably expressing shRNAs targeting TERT or GABPB1, as well as doxycycline-inducible shTERT or shGABPB1cells. MRS studies were performed on live cells and in vivo tumors, and dynamic sets of 13C MR spectra were acquired following injection of HP δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone. HP 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PG), the product of δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone via the PPP, was significantly reduced in TERT or GABPB1-silenced cells or tumors compared to controls in all our models. Furthermore, a positive correlation between TERT expression and 6PG levels was observed. Our data indicate that HP δ-[1-13C]gluconolactone, an imaging tool with translational potential, could serve to monitor TERT expression and its silencing with therapies that target either TERT or GABPB1 in mutant TERT promoter GBM patients.
Stability selection for LASSO with weights based on AUC
Authors: Kwon Yonghan , Han Kyunghwa , Suh Young Joo , Jung Inkyung 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStability selection is a variable selection algorithm based on resampling a dataset. Based on stability selection, we propose weighted stability selection to select variables by weighing them using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) from additional modelling. Through an extensive simulation study, we evaluated the performance of the proposed method in terms of the true positive rate (TPR), positive predictive value (PPV), and stability of variable selection. We also assessed the predictive ability of the method using a validation set. The proposed method performed similarly to stability selection in terms of the TPR, PPV, and stability. The AUC of the model fitted on the validation set with the selected variables of the proposed method was consistently higher in specific scenarios. Moreover, when applied to radiomics and speech signal datasets, the proposed method had a higher AUC with fewer variables selected. A major advantage of the proposed method is that it enables researchers to select variables intuitively using relatively simple parameter settings.
Enhanced mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with fatty liver in obese young adults
Authors: Shirakawa Ryosuke , Nakajima Takayuki , Yoshimura Aya , Kawahara Yukako , Orito Chieko , Yamane Miwako , Handa Haruka , Takada Shingo , Furihata Takaaki , Fukushima Arata , Ishimori Naoki , Nakagawa Masao , Yokota Isao , Sabe Hisataka , Hashino Satoshi , Kinugawa Shintaro , Yokota Takashi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSystemic inflammation underlies the association between obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here, we investigated functional changes in leukocytes’ mitochondria in obese individuals and their associations with NAFLD. We analyzed 14 obese male Japanese university students whose body mass index was > 30 kg/m2 and 15 healthy age- and sex-matched lean university students as controls. We observed that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity with complex I + II-linked substrates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which was measured using a high-resolution respirometry, was significantly higher in the obese group versus the controls. The PBMCs’ mitochondrial complex IV capacity was also higher in the obese subjects. All of the obese subjects had hepatic steatosis defined by a fatty liver index (FLI) score ≥ 60, and there was a positive correlation between their FLI scores and their PBMCs’ mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity. The increased PBMCs’ mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity was associated with insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and higher serum levels of interleukin-6 in the entire series of subjects. Our results suggest that the mitochondrial respiratory capacity is increased in the PBMCs at the early stage of obesity, and the enhanced PBMCs’ mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is associated with hepatic steatosis in obese young adults.
Improved strain engineering of 2D materials by adamantane plasma polymer encapsulation
Authors: Carrascoso Felix , Li Hao , Obrero-Perez Jose M. , Aparicio Francisco J. , Borras Ana , Island Joshua O. , Barranco Angel , Castellanos-Gomez Andres 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional materials present exceptional crystal elasticity and provide an ideal platform to tune electrical and optical properties through the application of strain. Here we extend recent research on strain engineering in monolayer molybdenum disulfide using an adamantane plasma polymer pinning layer to achieve unprecedented crystal strains of 2.8%. Using micro-reflectance spectroscopy, we report maximum strain gauge factors of −99.5 meV/% and −63.5 meV/% for the A and B exciton of monolayer MoS2, respectively, with a 50 nm adamantane capping layer. These results are corroborated with photoluminescence and Raman measurements on the same samples. Taken together, our results indicate that adamantane polymer is an exceptional capping layer to transfer substrate-induced strain to a 2D layer and achieve higher levels of crystal strain.
Continuous cuffless blood pressure monitoring with a wearable ring bioimpedance device
Authors: Sel Kaan , Osman Deen , Huerta Noah , Edgar Arabella , Pettigrew Roderic I. , Jafari Roozbeh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSmart rings provide unique opportunities for continuous physiological measurement. They are easy to wear, provide little burden in comparison to other smart wearables, are suitable for nocturnal settings, and can be sized to provide ideal contact between the sensors and the skin at all times. Continuous measuring of blood pressure (BP) provides essential diagnostic and prognostic value for cardiovascular health management. However, conventional ambulatory BP measurement devices operate using an inflating cuff that is bulky, intrusive, and impractical for frequent or continuous measurements. We introduce ring-shaped bioimpedance sensors leveraging the deep tissue sensing ability of bioimpedance while introducing no sensitivity to skin tones, unlike optical modalities. We integrate unique human finger finite element model with exhaustive experimental data from participants and derive optimum design parameters for electrode placement and sizes that yields highest sensitivity to arterial volumetric changes, with no discrimination against varying skin tones. BP is constructed using machine learning algorithms. The ring sensors are used to estimate arterial BP showing peak correlations of 0.81, and low error (systolic BP: 0.11 ± 5.27 mmHg, diastolic BP: 0.11 ± 3.87 mmHg) for >2000 data points and wide BP ranges (systolic: 89–213 mmHg and diastolic: 42–122 mmHg), highlighting the significant potential use of bioimpedance ring for accurate and continuous estimation of BP.
Hominoid SVA-lncRNA AK057321 targets human-specific SVA retrotransposons in SCN8A and CDK5RAP2 to initiate neuronal maturation
Authors: Nadler Monica J. S. , Chang Weipang , Ozkaynak Ekim , Huo Yuda , Nong Yi , Boillot Morgane , Johnson Mark , Moreno Antonio , Matthew P. Anderson  
Published: March 2023

AbstractSINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) retrotransposons arose and expanded in the genome of hominoid primates concurrent with the slowing of brain maturation. We report genes with intronic SVA transposons are enriched for neurodevelopmental disease and transcribed into long non-coding SVA-lncRNAs. Human-specific SVAs in microcephaly CDK5RAP2 and epilepsy SCN8A gene introns repress their expression via transcription factor ZNF91 to delay neuronal maturation. Deleting the SVA in CDK5RAP2 initiates multi-dimensional and in SCN8A selective sodium current neuronal maturation by upregulating these genes. SVA-lncRNA AK057321 forms RNA:DNA heteroduplexes with the genomic SVAs and upregulates these genes to initiate neuronal maturation. SVA-lncRNA AK057321 also promotes species-specific cortex and cerebellum-enriched expression upregulating human genes with intronic SVAs (e.g., HTT, CHAF1B and KCNJ6) but not mouse orthologs. The diversity of neuronal genes with intronic SVAs suggest this hominoid-specific SVA transposon-based gene regulatory mechanism may act at multiple steps to specialize and achieve neoteny of the human brain.
A birefringent spectral demultiplexer enables fast hyper-spectral imaging of protoporphyrin IX during neurosurgery
Authors: Marois Mikael , Olson Jonathan D. , Wirth Dennis J. , Elliott Jonathan T. , Fan Xiaoyao , Davis Scott C. , Paulsen Keith D. , Roberts David W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHyperspectral imaging and spectral analysis quantifies fluorophore concentration during fluorescence-guided surgery1–6. However, acquisition of the multiple wavelengths required to implement these methods can be time-consuming and hinder surgical workflow. To this end, a snapshot hyperspectral imaging system capable of acquiring 64 channels of spectral data simultaneously was developed for rapid hyperspectral imaging during neurosurgery. The system uses a birefringent spectral demultiplexer to split incoming light and redirect wavelengths to different sections of a large format microscope sensor. Its configuration achieves high optical throughput, accepts unpolarized input light and exceeds channel count of prior image-replicating imaging spectrometers by 4-fold. Tissue-simulating phantoms consisting of serial dilutions of the fluorescent agent characterize system linearity and sensitivity, and comparisons to performance of a liquid crystal tunable filter based hyperspectral imaging device are favorable. The new instrument showed comparable, if not improved, sensitivity at low fluorophore concentrations; yet, acquired wide-field images at more than 70-fold increase in frame rate. Image data acquired in the operating room during human brain tumor resection confirm these findings. The new device is an important advance in achieving real-time quantitative imaging of fluorophore concentration for guiding surgery.
Release of frustration drives corneal amyloid disaggregation by brain chaperone
Authors: Low Jia Yi Kimberly , Shi Xiangyan , Anandalakshmi Venkatraman , Neo Dawn , Peh Gary Swee Lim , Koh Siew Kwan , Zhou Lei , Abdul Rahim M. K. , Boo Ketti , Lee JiaXuan , Mohanram Harini , Alag Reema , Mu Yuguang , Mehta Jodhbir S. , Pervushin Konstantin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTGFBI-related corneal dystrophy (CD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble protein deposits in the corneal tissues, eventually leading to progressive corneal opacity. Here we show that ATP-independent amyloid-β chaperone L-PGDS can effectively disaggregate corneal amyloids in surgically excised human cornea of TGFBI-CD patients and release trapped amyloid hallmark proteins. Since the mechanism of amyloid disassembly by ATP-independent chaperones is unknown, we reconstructed atomic models of the amyloids self-assembled from TGFBIp-derived peptides and their complex with L-PGDS using cryo-EM and NMR. We show that L-PGDS specifically recognizes structurally frustrated regions in the amyloids and releases those frustrations. The released free energy increases the chaperone’s binding affinity to amyloids, resulting in local restructuring and breakage of amyloids to protofibrils. Our mechanistic model provides insights into the alternative source of energy utilized by ATP-independent disaggregases and highlights the possibility of using these chaperones as treatment strategies for different types of amyloid-related diseases.