bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fehlerquellen und Wiederaufnahme im Strafverfahren – Eine bundesweite Untersuchung der Rechtspraxis bei Wiederaufnahmeverfahren nach rechtskräftigen Entscheidungen
Authors: Bliesener Thomas , Altenhain Karsten , Kilian Franziska , Leve Mona , Neumann Merten , Otzipka Jana , Penther Erik , Volbert Renate 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Die Studie untersucht den Verfahrensgang von Wiederaufnahmeverfahren in Strafsachen, die Fehlerquellen, die Chancen Verurteilter bei der Geltendmachung von Fehlern und die Reaktionen der Wiederaufnahmegerichte auf Wiederaufnahmeanträge. Dazu wurden die Akten von 512 erfolgreichen und nicht erfolgreichen Wiederaufnahmeverfahren der Jahre 2013-2015 aus 14 Bundesländern analysiert. Die Wiederaufnahmeanträge werden etwa zu gleichen Anteilen von der Verteidigung und der Staatsanwaltschaft gestellt, wobei auch bei letzterer die Anträge zugunsten des Verurteilten deutlich überwiegen. Der Anteil angenommener Wiederaufnahmeanträge fällt mit insgesamt 44,7 % höher aus als in der Literatur bisher vermutet und erreicht bei Anträgen der Staatsanwaltschaft sogar 91,6 %. In knapp 40 % der Wiederaufnahmeverfahren wurde vom Wiederaufnahmegericht ein Fehler im Ausgangsverfahren festgestellt, darunter in mehr als einem Drittel auf Ebene der Tatbestandserfüllung (zu je einem Viertel falsche Aussagen bzw. Personenverwechslungen), bei einem weiteren Drittel auf Ebene der Schuld (fast ausschließlich Schuldunfähigkeit gem. § 20 StGB), und bei einem knappen Drittel der Fälle auf Ebene der Prozessvoraussetzungen bzw. der Rechtsfolgen (zu mehr als der Hälfte eine fehlerhafte Gesamtstrafenbildung). Die Analyse zeigt weiter, dass im Strafbefehlsverfahren durch eine oberflächliche Ermittlung oder eine flüchtige Prüfung der aktenkundigen Sachlage Fehler drohen.
Inactivation of CACNA1H induces cell apoptosis by initiating endoplasmic reticulum stress in glioma
Authors: Liu Sheng , Ba Ying , Li Chenglong , Xu Guangming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Ca2+ channels are abnormally expressed in various tumor cells and are involved in the progression of human glioma. Here, we explored the role of a calcium channel, voltage-dependent, T-type, alpha 1H subunit (CACNA1H), which encodes T-type Ca2+ channel Cav3.2 in glioma cells.

Methods
Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using cell-counting kit-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of target protein was determined using western blot analysis.

Results
Cell viability of U251 cells was inhibited significantly after the knockdown of CACNA1H. The apoptosis of U251 cells was enhanced significantly after the knockdown of CACNA1H. Importantly, knockdown of CACNA1H decreased the levels of p-PERK, GRP78, CHOP, and ATF6, indicating that CACNA1H knockdown activated endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in U251 cells. In addition, T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor NNC55-0396 also induced apoptosis through the activation of ERS in U251 cells. ERS inhibitor UR906 could block CACNA1H inhibitor ABT-639-induced apoptosis.

Conclusion
Suppression of CACNA1H activated the ERS and thus induced apoptosis in glioma cells. T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitors ABT-639 and NNC55-0396 also induced apoptosis through ERS in glioma cells. Our data highlighted the effect of CACNA1H as an oncogenic gene in human glioma.
SOCSs: important regulators of host cell susceptibility or resistance to viral infection
Authors: Zhang Xin , Xia Hengchuan , Wang Qian , Cui Miao , Zhang Cong , Wang Qiang , Liu Xiaoyong , Chen Keping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCSs) are implicated in viral infection and host antiviral innate immune response. Recent studies demonstrate that viruses can hijack SOCSs to inhibit Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway, block the production and signaling of interferons (IFNs). At the same time, viruses can hijack SOCS to regulate non-IFN factors to evade antiviral response. Host cells can also regulate SOCSs to resist viral infection. The competition of the control of SOCSs may largely determine the fate of viral infection and the susceptibility or resistance of host cells, which is of significance for development of novel antiviral therapies targeting SOCSs. Accumulating evidence reveal that the regulation and function of SOCSs by viruses and host cells are very complicated, which is determined by characteristics of both viruses and host cell types. This report presents a systematic review to evaluate the roles of SOCSs in viral infection and host antiviral responses. One of messages worth attention is that all eight SOCS members should be investigated to accurately characterize their roles and relative contribution in each viral infection, which may help identify the most effective SOCS to be used in “individualized” antiviral therapy.
Evaluating the Performance and Fume Suppression Effect of Tourmaline-Modified Asphalt
Authors: Li Ping , Chen Xiule , Wang Meng , Nian Tengfei 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study prepared samples of fume-suppressing asphalt to improve the eco-friendly characteristics of pavement construction. Various quantities and mesh sizes of tourmaline powder were used in modified asphalt samples. The conventional performance test, multiple stress creep recovery test, linear amplitude sweep test, and bending beam rheometer test were used to analyze the asphalt’s properties at high, medium, and low temperatures, and the fume suppression effect was evaluated using a homemade asphalt fume generation and enrichment device. The study’s results indicate that as the mesh size and quantity increased, the penetration of the modified asphalt decreased, the softening point increased, and ductility first increased before decreasing. The larger the mesh size and tourmaline quantity, the better the improvement effect of the tourmaline powder on the asphalt’s high- and low-temperature performance. Tourmaline powder has a good inhibitory effect on the release of asphalt fume, and when the quantity of tourmaline powder at 800 mesh and 1250 mesh exceeded 16 % of the base asphalt, the change rate significantly influenced the fume suppression rate. Overall, the influence of tourmaline powder on the performance and fume suppression of asphalt was highest when the quantity was 14 % with 1250 mesh.
Dual Roles for Nucleus Accumbens Core Dopamine D1-Expressing Neurons Projecting to the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata in Limbic and Motor Control in Male Mice
Authors: Attachaipanich Suthinee , Ozawa Takaaki , Macpherson Tom , Hikida Takatoshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a critical component of a limbic basal ganglia circuit that is thought to play an important role in decision-making and the processing of rewarding stimuli. As part of this circuit, dopamine D1 receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (D1-MSNs) of the NAc core are known to send a major projection to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). However, the functional role of this SNr-projecting NAc D1-MSN (NAcD1-MSN–SNr) pathway is still largely uncharacterized. Moreover, as the SNr is thought to belong to both limbic and motor information-processing basal ganglia loops, it is possible that the NAcD1-MSN–SNr pathway may be able to influence both limbic and motor functions. In this study, we investigated the effect of optogenetic manipulation of the NAcD1-MSN–SNr pathway on reward-learning and locomotor behavior in male mice. Stimulation of the axon terminals of NAc core D1-MSNs in the SNr induced a preference for a laser-paired location, self-stimulation via a laser-paired lever, and augmented instrumental responding for a liquid reward-paired lever. Additionally, stimulation was observed to increase locomotor behavior when delivered bilaterally and induced contralateral turning behavior when delivered unilaterally. However, interestingly, inhibition of this pathway did not alter either reward-related behaviors or locomotion. These findings indicate that the NAcD1-MSN–SNr pathway is able to control both reward learning and motor behaviors.
The role of Graves’ disease in the development of thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer
Authors: Soares Marta Nascimento , Borges-Canha Marta , Neves Celestino , Neves João Sérgio , Carvalho Davide 
Published: May 2023

Aim
The prevalence of thyroid nodules and the risk of thyroid cancer in patients with Graves’ disease is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer in patients with Graves’ disease.

Methods
Retrospective observational study of adult subjects with Graves' disease (positive autoantibodies thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAbs)) between 2017 and 2021 at our center was done. We evaluated the prevalence of thyroid nodules and cancer in this population and characterized the predictive factors for thyroid malignancy using linear and logistic regression models.

Results
We evaluated a total of 539 patients with Graves' disease during a median follow-up of 3.3 years (25th–75th percentiles 1.5–5.2 years). Fifty-three percent had thyroid nodules and 18 (3.3%) were diagnosed with thyroid cancer (12 papillary microcarcinomas). All tumors were classified using TNM classification as T1, and only one had lymph node metastasis; there were no recordings of distant metastasis. Sex, age, body mass index, smoking, TSH, and TRAbs levels were not significantly different between patients with and without thyroid cancer. Patients with multiple nodules on ultrasound (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.04–2.49) and with larger nodules (OR 2.96, 95%CI 1.08–8.14, for 10 mm increase in size) had a greater risk of thyroid cancer diagnosis.

Conclusion
Patients with Graves’ disease had a high prevalence of thyroid nodules and their nodules had a significant risk of thyroid cancer. The risk was higher in those with multiple and larger nodules. Most had low-grade papillary thyroid cancer. More studies are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings.
Effects of pH, sodium chloride, and temperature on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms
Authors: Labidi S. , Jánosity A. , Yakdhane A. , Yakdhane E. , Surányi B. , Mohácsi-Farkas Cs. , Kiskó G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractListeria monocytogenes is able to form biofilms on food contact surfaces. Effectiveness of salt concentration, pH, and temperature on the formation of L. monocytogenes biofilms was evaluated individually and in combinations using microtiter plate assay by measuring the optical density. The tested strains differed in their biofilm formation (low, moderate, and strong) ability. At 37 °C, decreasing amounts of biofilms was observed in almost all L. monocytogenes strains when the NaCl concentration increased from 0.05 to 15%, but all strains were able to form biofilm even at 1 °C. There was no significant difference in biofilm formation between pH 4, 5, and 6, except for some strains. When stress conditions were tested in combination, the addition of 15% NaCl significantly inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes at 1 °C and 4 °C, and the weak biofilm-forming strains were less sensitive to the temperature and to NaCl treatments than the strong biofilm-forming strains. These results enhance our knowledge of the application of NaCl, temperature, and pH stresses in the food industry and provide basis to develop new strategies for control of biofilm formation of this pathogen.
Dasatinib and quercetin increase testosterone and sperm concentration in mice
Authors: Garcia Driele N. , Hense Jéssica D. , Zanini Bianka M. , Isola José V. V. , Pradiee Jorgea , Prosczek Juliane B. , Alvarado-Rincón Joao A. , Mondadori Rafael G. , Mason Jeffrey B. , Brieño-Enríquez Miguel A. , Barros Carlos C. , Stout Michael B. , Masternak Michal M. , Schneider Augusto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCellular senescence is a defense mechanism to arrest proliferation of damaged cells. The number of senescent cells increases with age in different tissues and contributes to the development of age-related diseases. Old mice treated with senolytics drugs, dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), have reduced senescent cells burden. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of D+Q on testicular function and fertility of male mice. Mice (n = 9/group) received D (5 mg kg−1) and Q (50 mg kg−1) via gavage every moth for three consecutive days from 3 to 8 months of age. At 8 months mice were breed with young non-treated females and euthanized. The treatment of male mice with D+Q increased serum testosterone levels and sperm concentration and decreased abnormal sperm morphology. Sperm motility, seminiferous tubule morphometry, testicular gene expression and fertility were not affected by treatment. There was no effect of D+Q treatment in β-galactosidase activity and in lipofuscin staining in testes. D+Q treatment also did not affect body mass gain and testes mass. In conclusion, D+Q treatment increased serum testosterone levels and sperm concentration and decreased abnormal sperm morphology, however did not affect fertility. Further studies with older mice and different senolytics are necessary to elucidate the effects in the decline of sperm output (quality and quantity) associated with aging.
MISSION IS AS SCIENCE (THE ARTICLE IS DEDICATED TO 90-TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ACADEMICIAN N. G. BONDAR)
Authors: Skladanovska M. H. , Raspopov O. S. , Rykina V. L. 
Published: May 2023

The creative life as well as the scientific and pedagogical activities of Academician of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine N. G. Bondar are described in the article.
DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CARRIAGE-PLATFORMS USE OF SECTION TYPE
Authors: Bubnov V. M. , Myamlin S. V. , Hurzhy N. L. 
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted the comparative analysis of charges for the complete life cycle of 80-foot carriageplatform and carriage-platform of sectional type on the example of two models of carriages-platforms for the containers produced by JSC “Azovmash”. The indexes of comparative efficiency are examined from a viewpoint of company-operator of railway freight transportations – a potential proprietor of carriages-platforms.
Pre-service Science Teachers’ Conceptions of the Nature of Science
Authors: Wangchuk Sangay , Wangdi Dumcho , Tshomo Sonam , Dorji Ugyen 
Published: May 2023

Understanding the Nature of science is a crucial part of scientific literacy that helps students develop ideas about science and make informed decisions. Science teachers’ knowledge of the Nature of science is essential to enhancing students’ understanding. This study examined 50 pre-service science teachers’ conceptions of the Nature of science. The data collected by administering the Understanding the Nature of science questionnaire was analysed using descriptive statistics and a one-way analysis of variance test. The findings revealed that pre-service science teachers have uninformed conceptions about the Nature of science, particularly in the tenets of scientific methods, scientific theories and laws, scientific knowledge, and scientific enterprise. There was no statistically significant difference in the level of Nature of science conceptions based on their specialisation (F [2, 47] =.251). Future research is encouraged to explore the implications of teachers' conceptions of the Nature of science on students' understanding, employing a multi-method approach.
Fault Geometry, Slip Distribution, and Potential Triggering of the 2022 Mw 6.2 Deadly Afghanistan Earthquake Revealed from Geodetic and Weather Data
Authors: Qi Yonghao , Feng Wanpeng , Zhang Yong , Wang Dagang , Du Yi , Samsonov Sergey V. , Zhang Pei-Zhen , Zaray Abdul Habib , Ansari Abdullah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The 22 June 2022 Mw 6.2 Khōst, Afghanistan, earthquake struck killing more than 1700 people and devastating the region. For studying this earthquake, we computed the coseismic deformation fields of the earthquake using the Sentinel-1 Terrain Observation with Progressive Scans Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR). The InSAR results show that the maximum coseismic displacement in the satellite line of sight direction reaches up to 39 cm. We determined the geometric parameters of the fault and coseismic slip distribution from these InSAR measurements. The best-fitted fault model shows that the rupture occurred on a right-lateral strike-slip fault with a strike of 203.7° and a dip of 68°. The most slip is concentrated at a shallow depth within the upper 10 km with the maximum slip of ∼3 m at 2.5 km depth. The maximum slip produced by this earthquake is significantly larger than the slip produced by several other similar earthquakes with similar magnitudes, implying that the focused shallow slip is likely the reason for the significant damage in the earthquake. The heavy rainfall was recorded during the earthquake period, which resulted in complicated fringes in coseismic interferograms close to the earthquake in time. Because a positive spatial and temporal correlation with the earthquake occurrence can be seen, the rainfall may have potential contributions to the earthquake, which deserves additional analysis in future. Combined with the potential effects of the 2015 Mw 7.5 Hindu Kush deep-seated earthquake, the seismicity in Afghanistan is the result of the ongoing subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate along their west boundary.
Inconsistent Citation of the Global Seismographic Network in Scientific Publications
Authors: Staats Molly , Aderhold Kasey , Hafner Katrin , Dalton Colleen , Flanagan Megan , Lau Harriet , Simons Frederik J. , Vallée Martin , Wei S. Shawn , Yeck William , Frassetto Andy , Busby Robert 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The highly used Global Seismographic Network (GSN) is a pillar of the seismological research community and contributes to numerous groundbreaking publications. Despite its wide recognition, this survey found that the GSN is not consistently acknowledged in scientific literature and is underrepresented by roughly a factor of 3 in citation searches. Publication tracking is a key metric that factors into operational decisions and funding support for the network; thus, consistent and proper citation of the GSN is important. This study not only serves as a reminder for researchers using GSN observations to cite the network’s digital object identifiers (DOIs) but also promotes a community-wide conversation among researchers, journal editors, network operators, and other stakeholders regarding more standardized policies and review processes to ensure seismic networks are properly and consistently recognized for their contributions to research.
La democracia representativa como política mediada: repensando los vínculos entre representación y participación
Authors: Peruzzotti Enrique 
Published: May 2023

La relación entre participación cívica y representación política necesita ser repensada. Es necesario romper con las visiones que ven a dichos conceptos como alternativas para organizar la polis. Por un lado, buena parte de la literatura contemporánea sobre representación otorga un rol mínimo a la participación cívica; por otro, los defensores de la democracia participativa buscan desarrollar formas de acción directa que hacen prescindible a la representación. El presente artículo asume que participación y representación, lejos de ser opuestos, son procesos complementarios:el buen funcionamiento de la representación democrática requiere tanto de representantes como de ciudadanos activos, así como de contactos fluidos entre representantes y representados. El desafío está en cómo articular ambos procesos de manera de ir más allá del modelo elitista propuesto por las versiones actuales de la teoría minimalista de la democracia, así como del sesgo anti-representación que informa a muchos de los proponentes de la democracia participativa.Aquí se intenta establecer un puente entre participación y representación a través de la elaboración de una visión de la representación democrática como política mediada.
«Negra soy, color bonito»: el papel de la «raza» en la identidad de los afrodescendientes en el Perú
Authors: Valdivia Vargas Néstor 
Published: May 2023

El documento se basa en una reciente investigación sobre la relación entre etnia, cultura, «raza» y ancestralidad entre los afroperuanos. Los resultados permiten concluir que si bien la construcción de la identidad «negra» o afrodescendiente en el Perú tiene como un eje centra la dimensión cultural, principalmente —y de modo fundamental— gira en torno a la idea de la existencia de una «raza negra». Según estos criterios identitarios «racializados», las fronteras de un «nosotros» conformado por los afrodescendientes sólo abarcan a aquellas personas que tienen ciertos marcadores fenotípicos considerados —por los propios afroperuanos— como definitorios de la pertenencia a la «raza negra». La «evidencia» fenotípica de la «negritud» aparece así como una suerte de «condición necesaria» para la identidad «negra»/afroperuana. Esta forma de autoidentificación representa un desafío para los discursos y proyectos políticos de las organizaciones afroperuanas que procuran construir una identidad afrodescendiente «des-racializada» y vinculada a la memoria histórica de la diáspora africana —la cual,sin embargo, parece tener una débil referencia entre los afrodescendientes de nuestro país—.
Agencia, conflicto y desarrollo humano en Ayacucho: el caso de Sacsamarca post Sendero Luminoso
Authors: Eskenazi Jael , Mercado Lucía , Muñoz Ismael 
Published: May 2023

El distrito de Sacsamarca, ubicado en la provincia de Huanca Sancos, departamento de Ayacucho, fueuno de los lugares más afectados por el conflicto armado interno - CAI de la década de 1980 en el Perú. La violencia como variable exógena transformó los procesos políticos, económicos y sociales de este lugar y dejó grandes fracturas en la comunidad que no han podido ser superados en la actualidad. El presente trabajo analiza la pérdida de agencia de los habitantes sacsamarquinos, en un marco de resiliencia social a partir del CAI. Para ello, se examinarán tres factores que fueron alterados por el CAI: económicos, políticos y demográficos.
El impacto del robo y el hurto en la economía doméstica: un estudio exploratorio sobre los datos de Lima Metropolitana
Authors: Mujica Jaris , Zevallos Nicolás , López Noam , Prado Bertha 
Published: May 2023

La investigación propone un ejercicio de estimación del impacto del robo y hurto en la economía doméstica de las víctimas, según sus niveles socioeconómicos. Aborda la situación de Lima Metropolitana entre los años 2011 y 2012, concentrándose en el Cercado de Lima, zona de tránsito de personas de diversos estratos y que a su vez registra una alta tasa y prevalencia de robos y hurtos en la vía pública. Basados en un rango de valores involucrados en un robo y hurto promedio sostenido en un inventario estandarizado de bienes robados y hurtados, se estima tanto el porcentaje de impacto del hecho como el tiempo de recuperación de los bienes sustraídos. El estudio permite concluir que el porcentaje de impacto y el tiempo de recuperación, se dispone en función de los estratos socioeconómicos, afectando en mayor medida a los niveles inferiores.