bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiation dosimetry and pharmacokinetics of the tau PET tracer florzolotau (18F) in healthy Japanese subjects
Authors: Miyamoto Masaomi , Okuyama Chio , Kagawa Shinya , Kusano Kuninori , Takahashi Masaaki , Takahata Keisuke , Jang Ming-Kuei , Yamauchi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
Abnormal aggregation of tau in the brain is a major contributing factor in various neurodegenerative diseases. Florzolotau (18F) (florzolotau, APN-1607, PM-PBB3) has been shown to be a probe for tau fibrils in an animal model and patients with Alzheimer’s disease and those with non-Alzheimer’s disease tauopathies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and radiation dose following a single intravenous administration of florzolotau in healthy Japanese subjects.

Methods
Three healthy male Japanese subjects aged between 20 and 64 were enrolled in this study. Subjects were determined to be eligible based on the screening assessments at the study site. Subjects received a single intravenous dose of 195.0 ± 0.5 MBq of florzolotau and underwent the whole-body PET scan 10 times in total to calculate absorbed doses to major organs/tissues and effective dose. Radioactivities in whole blood and urine were also measured for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Absorbed doses to major organs/tissues and effective dose were estimated using the medical internal radiation dose (MIRD) method. Vital signs, electrocardiography (ECG), and blood tests were done for safety evaluation.

Results
The intravenous injection of florzolotau was well tolerated. There were no adverse events or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects related to the tracer in any subjects. No significant changes in vital signs and ECG were observed. The highest mean initial uptake at 15 min after injection was in the liver (29.0 ± 4.0%ID), intestine (4.69 ± 1.65%ID), and brain (2.13 ± 0.18%ID). The highest absorbed dose was 508 μGy/MBq of the gallbladder wall, followed by the liver of 79.4 μGy/MBq, the pancreas of 42.5 μGy/MBq, and the upper large intestine of 34.2 μGy/MBq. The effective dose was calculated as 19.7 μSv/MBq according to the tissue weighting factor reported by ICRP-103.

Conclusion
Florzolotau intravenous injection was well tolerated in healthy male Japanese subjects. The effective dose was determined as 3.61 mSv when 185 MBq florzolotau was given.
Assessing Ecosystem State Space Models: Identifiability and Estimation
Authors: Smith J. W. , Johnson L. R. , Thomas R. Q. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHierarchical probability models are being used more often than non-hierarchical deterministic process models in environmental prediction and forecasting, and Bayesian approaches to fitting such models are becoming increasingly popular. In particular, models describing ecosystem dynamics with multiple states that are autoregressive at each step in time can be treated as statistical state space models (SSMs). In this paper, we examine this subset of ecosystem models, embed a process-based ecosystem model into an SSM, and give closed form Gibbs sampling updates for latent states and process precision parameters when process and observation errors are normally distributed. Here, we use simulated data from an example model (DALECev) and study the effects changing the temporal resolution of observations on the states (observation data gaps), the temporal resolution of the state process (model time step), and the level of aggregation of observations on fluxes (measurements of transfer rates on the state process). We show that parameter estimates become unreliable as temporal gaps between observed state data increase. To improve parameter estimates, we introduce a method of tuning the time resolution of the latent states while still using higher-frequency driver information and show that this helps to improve estimates. Further, we show that data cloning is a suitable method for assessing parameter identifiability in this class of models. Overall, our study helps inform the application of state space models to ecological forecasting applications where (1) data are not available for all states and transfers at the operational time step for the ecosystem model and (2) process uncertainty estimation is desired.
Overlying main roof breaking characteristic and its effect on the stability of gob-side entry
Authors: Xu Jiahui , Li Guichen , Gomah Mohamed Elgharib , Chen Bengang , Sun Changlun , Rong Haoyu , Zhang Quan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, to figure out the deformation mechanism, a particle flow model was used to simulate the deformation of surrounding rock in a deeply buried entry. The fracture evolution, stress, and porosity of surrounding rock in the process of the main roof breaking, meanwhile, the displacement after entry being excavated were recorded and analyzed in the simulation. The results show that the main roof breaking is different from the ideally elastic–plastic simply supported beam for it has two more plastic zones on both sides of the beam and its support points tend to move. In addition, the stress reduction zone in the coal seam is about 10 m where the coal body and surrounding rock are almost completely broken and porosity is surprisingly increasing from 0.01 to 0.39 in coal and 0.23 in the main roof. The displacement concentrated on the ribs of entry, especially on the coal pillar. The continuous and large deformation that appears in the stress reduction zone results from the nearly completely broken state of the surrounding rock. The tradeoff between the stress reduction and the broken state of the surrounding rock should be considered when choosing the location of the gob-side entry.
Stärken und Schwächen regionaler Innovationssysteme in den vom Kohleausstieg betroffenen Regionen in Deutschland
Authors: Brachert Matthias , Titze Mirko 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag analysiert regionale Innovationssysteme in den Regionen Deutschlands, die aufgrund der Gesetzeslage bis zum Jahr 2038 den Ausstieg aus der thermischen Verwertung der Braunkohle vollzogen haben müssen. Viele dieser Regionen weisen ohnehin Strukturschwächen auf. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie regionale Strukturpolitik dabei helfen kann, die Transformation der regionalen Wirtschaft zu meistern. Ein guter Anknüpfungspunkt besteht darin, regionale Innovationssysteme in ihrem Wandel zu stärken. Im Vergleich der drei betroffenen Reviere zeigt sich insbesondere für die Lausitz, dass bisher die Hochschulen insgesamt wenig vernetzt sind und Kontakte zur regionalen Wirtschaft unterentwickelt sind. Eine Stärkung von Innovationskooperationen kann daher zusätzliche Impulse für die regionale Entwicklung der Reviere liefern.
Inequality and identity salience
Authors: Ghatak Maitreesh , Verdier Thierry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a simple model of identity salience that is applied to the phenomenon of the recent rise in right-wing populism in the Western world. Trade and capital flows, skill-biased technological change, and migration have led to declining employment and wages in these economies and a parallel rise in economic and cultural populism, tapping into nativist sentiments. We argue that when long-term income stagnation for most of the population and decline for some go together with high rates of income growth at the very top, one has zero-sum economics and that naturally raises the possibility of using various kinds of social identities to claim a bigger share of a fixed sized pie. We show that in ethnically or racially polarized societies this naturally leads to the salience of social identities that enable majority ethnic groups to vote for policies that exclude minority groups so that they get a greater share of a dwindling surplus. In contrast, in more ethnically and racially homogeneous societies, this would instead lead to the demand for more pro-redistribution policies that involve greater provision of public goods.
Characteristics of molecular classification in 52 endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia patients receiving fertility-sparing treatment
Authors: Wang Yiqin , Kang Nan , Li Liwei , Wang Zhiqi , Zhou Rong , Shen Danhua , Wang Jianliu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the molecular classification of endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) patients treated with fertility-sparing treatment (FST), and its relationship with clinicopathological factors and treatment efficacy. Methods: A total of 52 ​EC and AEH patients who received FST and molecular classification tested by next generation sequencing in Peking University People's Hospital from June 2020 to December 2022, were retrospectively collected. We analyzed the relationship between molecular classification and clinicopathological factors and treatment outcomes.Results(1) Of the 52 patients, including 46 ​EC and 6 AEH patients, 42 (80.8%) achieved complete remission (CR) after FST, with a median time to achieve CR of 9 months. Ten cases (23.8%) had recurrence. (2) Patients were distributed into 4 molecular subgroups as 39 cases (75%) of copy number low (CNL) , 7 cases (13.5%) of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) , 4 cases (7.7%) of POLE mutations (POLEmut), and 2 cases (3.8%) of copy number high (CNH). Patients with MSI-H subgroup had more family history of tumor (6/7), more with loss of expression of mismatch repair (MMR) protein (7/7), and higher expression level of Ki-67 (3/3). (3) Patients with MSI-H subgroup had the lowest CR rate at 6 months (0/7, P ​= ​0.014), and survival analysis showed that such patients were less likely to achieve CR than those with CNL (P ​= ​0.022). For CNL patients, median 6-month CR rate was 40.6%. In addition, CR was obtained in 3 (3/4) POLEmut patients and 2 (2/2) CNH patients, respectively.ConclusionsMolecular classification relates with the treatment response in patients with EC and AEH receiving FST. Patients with MSI-H subgroup have poor treatment efficacy, and patients with CNL need to be further divided to predict treatment benefit. There are also a few successful cases in POLEmut and CNH subtgroups, which needs further research.
Coupled 3-D full-Stokes modelling of tidewater glaciers
Authors: Cook Samuel J. , Christoffersen Poul , Wheel Iain 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTidewater glaciers are an important and difficult part of the cryosphere to study owing to their complex nature and often inaccessible and physically challenging environments. The interaction of glacier and fjord processes furthermore presents particular observational challenges. Modelling provides a possible solution to these issues, but, at the glacier scale, the processual complexities require a 3-D full-Stokes approach that is computationally expensive. Additionally, the lack of data for model validation or constraints imposes further obstacles. Despite this, progress on modelling such glaciers with explicit inclusion of all relevant processes is being made. The key remaining challenges are including more realistic representations of calving and coupling 3-D glacier modelling with 3-D fjord circulation modelling to allow inclusion of the effect of cross-fjord circulation. We are confident, however, that these issues can be resolved and will be resolved over the next decade.
A CLASSICAL MODAL THEORY OF LAWLESS SEQUENCES
Authors: BRAUER ETHAN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFree choice sequences play a key role in the intuitionistic theory of the continuum and especially in the theorems of intuitionistic analysis that conflict with classical analysis, leading many classical mathematicians to reject the concept of a free choice sequence. By treating free choice sequences as potentially infinite objects, however, they can be comfortably situated alongside classical analysis, allowing a rapprochement of these two mathematical traditions. Building on recent work on the modal analysis of potential infinity, I formulate a modal theory of the free choice sequences known as lawless sequences. Intrinsically well-motivated axioms for lawless sequences are added to a background theory of classical second-order arithmetic, leading to a theory I call
$MC_{LS}$
. This theory interprets the standard intuitionistic theory of lawless sequences and is conservative over the classical background theory.
‘The memory of persecution is in our blood’: documenting loyalties, identities and motivations to political action in the Ugandan Pentecostal Movement
Authors: Bompani Barbara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMuch attention has been paid to the growth of Pentecostal-charismatic Christianity in Uganda and the way it has shifted over the past decades from being a minority religion to influencing and shaping the Ugandan public and political spheres. Most of the literature, however, associates the Pentecostal-charismatic dynamic public action with its motivation to promote conservative Christian values, especially around issues of sexuality, HIV/AIDS, reproduction and family values. This article extends this literature by providing a fuller explanation for the reasons behind its public transformation and its relation to power, in particular its loyalty to and support for President Museveni. Drawing on participant observation and interviews conducted over several years, this article argues that along with theological and moral explanations, it is important to understand how local and contextual dynamics interplay. Indeed, the uncertainties and memories of the difficult origins of the Pentecostal-charismatic movement and the lack of legal recognition as fully registered churches, still impact on the present and motivate them to be catalytic socio-political actors in need of forging strong connections with centres of power in Museveni's Uganda.
When do women win in legally plural systems? Evidence from Ghana and Senegal
Authors: Hern Erin Accampo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAfrica's plural legal systems are often doubly bad for women: reinforcing patriarchal threads in indigenous practices while layering male-dominated Anglo-European laws atop. While these systems generally work to their detriment, women are sometimes able to take advantage of them. Under what conditions are women able to ‘win’ in Africa's plural legal systems? I examine women's interactions with the plural colonial court systems in the Gold Coast and Senegal. Based on an analysis of original court records in each country, I argue that women are more likely to win in plural legal systems in areas of operational ambiguity where applicable legal principles are contradictory. Leveraging this ambiguity enabled women in the Gold Coast and Senegal to win rights around inheritance and divorce, respectively. These victories were codified post-independence, though women face social pressures against exercising them.
The role of secondary school teachers in shaping a political culture of ethnicity and ethnic favouritism: the case of Kenya
Authors: Kuppens Line , Langer Arnim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSince Kenya's independence in 1963, ethnicity has been an important factor in Kenyan politics and everyday life. While recent research has shown that ethnic favouritism impacted the allocation of educational resources in the past, so far, no systematic research has been conducted on how teachers exacerbate, mitigate or countervail the political culture of ethnicity and ethnic favouritism. As agents of socialisation, teachers’ attitudes and behaviour can, consciously or unconsciously, convey the message that ethnic favouritism is normal and socially acceptable, or conversely delegitimise such practices. Based on a list experiment among 894 secondary school teachers in the county of Nairobi, we find that at least 25% of teachers have already favoured coethnic pupils. Interviews indicate that such favours are seldom blatant in nature and mainly serve to show solidarity with one's kin. Still, even small – frequently well-intentioned – favours may damage inter-group attitudes, trust and relations, and may even contribute to the persistence of ethnic politics.
“Every time, they took more from us”: Privatization and Telecommunications Workers in Rural Argentina, 1969–2000
Authors: Brudney Edward 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article analyzes the lasting effects of privatization on public-sector telecommunications workers in Argentina's rural interior. I draw on over fifty hours of oral histories carried out from 2015 to 2017 with former ENTel and Telefónica workers in General Pico, in the interior province of La Pampa, Argentina. This unique source base reveals how the material objects themselves acquired symbolic weight in the minds of workers, and how the introduction of new technologies and labor regimes after privatization in 1990 eroded workers' feelings of loyalty toward and ownership over the previously state-run company. This article specifically explores notions of trauma as related to the destruction of the physical materials of work, and the association between that destruction and the mass layoffs that followed. David Harvey's engagement with creative destruction in late capitalism has suggested that “continuous innovation”—whether technological or practical—has meant the devaluation and/or destruction of existing labor relations. I expand this concept to show how this logic of “creative destruction” maps onto spatialized ideas of modernity. The trauma that workers experienced in the 1990s is most productively understood vis-à-vis the unfulfilled promises of “progress” which claimed to bring efficiency, growth, and long-term stability but instead delivered job loss, atomization, and the breakdown of social relations of labor.
Multimodal language in bilingual and monolingual children: Gesture production and speech disfluency
Authors: Arslan Burcu , Aktan-Erciyes Aslı , Göksun Tilbe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBilingual and monolingual children might have different styles of using multimodal language. This study investigates speech disfluency and gesture production of 5- and 7-year-old Turkish monolingual (N = 61) and Turkish–English bilingual children (N = 51). We examined monolinguals’ Turkish narratives and bilinguals’ Turkish and English narratives. Results indicated that bilinguals were more disfluent than monolinguals, particularly for silent and filled (e.g., umm) pauses. Bilinguals used silent pauses and repetitions (e.g., cat cat) more frequently in English than in Turkish. Gesture use was comparable across language and age groups, except for iconic gestures. Monolinguals produced more iconic gestures than bilinguals. Children's overall gesture frequency predicted disfluency rates only in Turkish. Different gesture types might be orchestrated in the multimodal system, contributing to narrative fluency. The use of disfluency and gesture types might provide insight into bilingual and monolingual children's language development and communication strategies.
Foreigner kings as local kingmakers: how the ‘unusual’ marginalization of conservative political groups occurred in pre-Industrial Revolution Britain
Authors: Yamada Makio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBuilding on the Hodgson–Mokyr debate in this journal (Volume 18, Issue 1, 2022), this article discusses how modern economic growth occurred in pre-Industrial Revolution Britain, with a particular focus on coalition politics and the marginalization of conservative political groups – vetoers to change. Such political marginalization was unusual before the 19th century, when monarchs had substantial political power and land-based conservative groups were their main political allies. This article finds the source of the English exceptionalism in the unique system of non-imperial personal union that Britain then had with the Dutch Republic and Hanover. Under this system, foreigner monarchs chose their local ally in Britain based on the security needs of their home states. It created a significant disadvantage to the Tories, the incumbent conservative groups, while providing a window of opportunity for the Whigs, the opposition group supported by new commercial interests, to form a coalition with the Crown. The long absence of the Tories from power resulted in the incorporation of their constituencies into the Whig-led regime, making the traditional economic interests the regime's ‘junior partners’, instead of formidable political competitors to the new commercial interests, which was the case before and elsewhere at that time.
On the Dynamical Importance of Gravity Wave Sources Distributed Over Different Heights in the Atmosphere
Authors: Medvedev Alexander S. , Klaassen Gary P. , Yiğit Erdal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGravity waves (GWs) are generated at all altitudes in the atmosphere, but sources above the lower stratosphere are rarely considered by parameterizations employed in general circulation models. This study assesses the potential impact on the thermosphere produced by small‐scale waves originating at different heights. Within the proposed numerical framework, GW sources are represented by wave momentum forcing, whose values are expressed relative to the forcing required to obtain typical wave spectra around the tropopause. The relative importance of tropospheric and extra‐tropospheric sources and the response in the thermosphere are studied in a series of sensitivity experiments. They demonstrate that the accumulation of wave momentum steeply drops with height as a consequence of decreasing density, even when the forcing is maintained at a uniform level throughout the middle atmosphere. When a broad spectrum is forced at twice the tropospheric rate, the thermospheric drag is increased by only a factor of two, and that increase is produced by waves that were forced in the lower stratosphere. With increasing altitude, vertically localized sources contribute progressively less. For example, for GWs excited near the mesopause to produce an impact comparable with that due to waves propagating from below, the forcing must be orders of magnitude stronger than in the troposphere. The estimated forcing of the so‐called secondary harmonics by breaking primary waves is much weaker, such that the systematic dynamical effect of secondary waves in the thermosphere is negligible compared to that of the primary GWs generated in the troposphere.
Uncertainty in Nearshore Sand Bar Migration
Authors: Wilson Gregory 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA coupled nearshore hydrodynamics and sediment transport model with adjoint‐based uncertainty quantification has been applied to sand bar morphodynamics in the Duck94 field experiment (Duck, NC). The model, which is based on previously established physical process formulas, is capable of producing accurate predictions of sand bar migration during the experiment. However, reasonable perturbations to the model inputs—namely initial conditions, boundary conditions, and calibration coefficients—can produce a range of model predictions. This range is taken to represent the potential for uncertainty of the model, for scenarios where one or more model inputs are poorly constrained. Experiments are presented that quantify the relative impact of different input types on uncertainty, and the results are contrasted for accretive versus erosive wave conditions. During accretive conditions (shoreward bar migration), uncertainty is dominated by the growth of errors in initial conditions, owing to positive feedbacks in the model. In contrast, during erosive conditions (seaward bar migration), there is a smaller impact of errors in initial conditions, and uncertainty is instead dominated by errors in sediment transport coefficients. The results thus point to qualitative differences in the nature of nearshore morphodynamic uncertainty under different wave conditions, with a greater role of internal error growth (positive feedbacks) during accretive conditions and errors in model physics being more important during erosive conditions.