bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Processing and Characterization of Limestone Nanoparticles
Authors: Ndukwe Francis , Ekpunobi A 
Published: March 2023

The effective application usage of solid materials of cannot be granted if the fundamental properties of the material are unknown. Material characterization is one of ways science due apply to determine the fundamental properties of any material. The characterizations of materials in the various discipline of science are of different methods. This research work, processing and characterization of limestone nanoparticles as concern the field of material science was experimentally studied on three major categories: The micro structure using an optical microscope, in which the micro-structure image was obtained at its particulate of approximately 2.5nm. The absorbance obtained experimentally using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at wavelength raging from 190nm to 900nm. The transmittance, reflectance, refractive index was obtained mathematically, with the optical band gap obtained to be equal to 1.62eV. Finally the elemental composition was obtained using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), at which calcium was found to have the highest concentration among other metal present in the limestone nanoparticle.
COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT ENERGY SOURCES ON HEMATOLOGY AND SERUM BIOCHEMISTRY OF RABBITS
Authors: Babangida Salihu Sani 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study examined the effect of three different energy sources on hematology and serum biochemistry of rabbits.
Methodology: Eighteen seven-weeks old rabbits where randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C), each consisting of six rabbits. Group A, B and C were given maize, sorghum and millet respectively as their sources of energy and were fed for a period of five weeks before sample collection and analysis.
Findings: The results showed, that there was no significant different (P>0.05) in the hematology and serum biochemistry. Nevertheless, the red blood cells in all the treatment fell below the normal range. It was observed that the alkaline phosphatase of all the experimental rabbits were above the normal range. This study suggests that our test materials were not toxic to the muscle, kidney and liver of rabbits at 52.21% inclusion level.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This implies that sorghum or millet can completely replace maize in rabbit diet with no adverse effect on the hematology and serum biochemistry parameters of rabbits.
NUTRIENT COMPOSITION, ANTIOXIDANT COMPONENTS AND ASCORBIC ACID CONTENT RESPONSE OF PEPPER FRUIT (Capsicum annuum L.) CULTIVARS GROWN UNDER SALT STRESS
Authors: M.J. Hand , G.V. Nono , L.B Tonfack , E. Youmbi , V.D. Taffouo 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Salinity stress occurs due to the accumulation of high levels of salts in soil, which ultimately leads to the impairment of plant growth and crop loss. Stress tolerance-inducing compounds have a remarkable ability to improve growth and minimize the effects of salinity stress without negatively affecting the environment by controlling the physiological and molecular activities in plants.
Methodology: The pots were arranged in a complete randomized design with one plant per pot and four replicates per treatment and carried out in 2017 and 2018 to study the influence of four levels of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) on the antioxidant, ascorbic acid, organic and inorganic compounds of three pepper fruits cultivars (‘Granada’, ‘Goliath’ and ‘Nobili’) at mature stage.
Findings: The results obtained showed that salinity decreased the mineral content (Ca, K, Zn, Mg, Mn, Iron, S and P), relative water content, and agromorphological parameters of pepper fruit. This decrease was accompanied by a significant increase of Na, soluble proteins, proline content, soluble sugar (fructose, glucose) and antioxidants, including total phenolics and ﬂavonoids, and reduced ascorbic acid and β-carotene content. It could be an indicator of salinity tolerance which explains the maintenance of a good water status among the studied plants. However, a varietal difference response to salt stress was observed between the studied varieties. Indeed, the varieties Granada and Nobili are characterized by their vigour in absence as in the presence of salt. Under the studied salinity level there was an enhancement of health-promoting compounds (phenolic compounds, ﬂavonoids, β-carotene and ascorbic acid) synthesis in pepper fruits, with signifcant changes in other quality parameters.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It is concluded that varieties ‘Granada’ and ‘Nobili’ is more tolerant to salinity compared to the variety ‘Goliath’. Hence, they have a significant role to play in agriculture, food, and economy.
In vivo anti-cancer activity of N-halamines
Authors: Zahran Faten , T. Keshta Akaber , I. Ahmed Abd El-Shafey 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: N-halamines were known for their antimicrobial action due to the presence of halogen in their structure. In our search for new anti-cancer agents, we have evaluated the anti-cancer and anti-oxidant properties of some synthetic N-Halamines with high and low molecular weight in comparison with their non-halogenated forms. Urea epichlorohydrin copolymer (1), 4(1H, 3H-2, 6-dioxo-1, 3, 5-trizenyl)-O-iminomethylpolyethylene (3) and cynuric acid (5) in addition to their halogenated forms 2, 4 and 6 were selected for this study.
Methodology: the toxicity for the synthesized compounds was determined. The anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activities were studied by evaluation the viability of tumor cells, life span prolongation, and estimation of antioxidants, and effects of these compounds on liver histology.
Findings: Doses up to 2000 mg/kg indicated good safety in all investigated compounds. In Vivo antitumor activity results against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells for the investigated compounds revealed that, the volume of ascites was significantly decreased in compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 treated groups. EAC cell count was significantly reduced for similar groups, respectively, compared to the positive control group. Malonadildehyde, and nitric oxide showed a significant reduction in their levels in the treated groups, while catalase showed a significant elevation in its activity in the same groups compared to positive control group.
Conclusion: Halogenated compounds showed good anti-oxidant behavior while compound 6 showed the best anti-tumor effect.
Effectiveness of Engaging Experts in Helping Journalist in Kenya to Deal With Trauma
Authors: Mutua Joan , Mberia Hellen , Minja David 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of engaging experts in helping journalists in Kenya to deal with trauma.
Methodology: The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods of collecting data. This included the uses of questionnaires and interviews. The collected data was edited, coded and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The data was presented using both qualitative and quantitative statistics.
Findings: The results of the study revealed that engaging experts had a significant relationship with effective trauma management.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that journalists should engage spiritual leaders to help them to deal with traumatic experiences. In addition, journalists should also engage counselors to help them to deal with traumatic experiences.
Development Projects in Terms of Land Use on Converted Wetland Sites in Port Harcourt Municipality, Rivers State
Authors: Oscar Akue , Dagogo Samuel , Stanisslous Tobi 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Urban expansion and growth is one of the basic characteristics of urbanisation process. This expansion has telling effects on available land space in urban areas. The continuing reduction in available land space has led to the encroachment on wetland areas and its subsequent development. This study was carried out in Port Harcourt Municipality Rivers State. The aim was to assess development projects in terms of land use on converted wetlands.
Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to select four sites out of twenty four reclaimed sites identified within the study area.Three hundred and eighty (380) household heads from eight proximate communities to the four selected reclaimed sites was arrived at with the aid of Taro Yamane formulae and were interviewed using purposive sampling technique. The extent of wetland loss to physical development in the study area was ascertained by running a time series analysis using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Data on physical development projects presently sited on the reclaimed wetlands were identified and their coordinates collected using handheld Global Positioning System (GPS), a process known as ground truthing. The coordinates of the different development projects presently sited on reclaimed wetlands so collected were interfaced with Google earth images of the different locations using the place-mark device available on Google earth software.
Findings: The study revealed that predominant land use in site A (Eastern Bypass) is industrial land use and a growing competing administrative land use; in site B (Borikiri Sand field), the predominant Landuse is residential with a growing competing commercial land use; In Site C (Eagle Island), the predominant land use is residential and in Site D (Ibeto), the predominant land use is residential with a growing commercial and industrial hubs.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study therefore recommends that reclaimed wetlands in the study area be properly plan and the different development projects earmarked for such site be fully implemented; Government should strictly enforce the land use control measures utilizing sub-division regulation, zoning ordinance, building and housing codes including site and service approach to ensure proper utilisation of reclaimed sites.
Developing Conceptual Framework of Software Defect Prediction in Software Testing: The Case of Ethiopian Software Industries
Authors: Gemeno Musa 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Software defect prediction is one of the most active research areas in software engineering. As our dependency on software is increasing, software quality is becoming gradually more and more important in present era. Software used almost everywhere and in every tread of life. Software consequences such as fault and failures may diminish the quality of software which leads to customer dissatisfaction. Different points that are related to the current work had been discussed.
Methodology: This research contains a detailed explanation of the scientific methods and methodologies used for the design of proposed framework. Primary and secondary source of data has been used.
Findings: Due to the tremendous amount of data generated daily from fields such as business that software has resulted in the generation of tremendous amount of defected data. As the organizations struggle to handle and utilize effectively all the information available in order to provide better products and services and gain competitive advantage, defect separation and the so called “big data” analytics are two fields that currently constitute matter of concern and discussion.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: There are different research areas in defect prediction using big data analytics defect segmentations one of the issues. Defect Segmentation is an important component of much organization, and the algorithm designed in this work is expected to be a significant contribution to the field, and mainly to researchers working on various aspects of defect prediction defect segmentation using big data analytics. Therefore, the researchers in the area can use the algorithm or the implemented system for processing segmentation as component in their research, mainly on machine learning applications.
Great Game in Central Asia: Humanity at Venture
Authors: Bhat Ali 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Great game, a political attitude adopted by great powers to achieve geo-strategic and geo-economic benefits in the Central Asian and the Caspian region. The main thrush hold of current strategic and economic relations in the region are Afghan crisis. Throughout the nineteenth century, Great Britain was obsessed by the fear that one of the other European powers would take advantage of the political decay of Central Asia. From 18th century till date great powers are vulnerable to bump with each other to have hold on the central Asia. A new force after disintegration of USSR is trying and mending its shoulders to have control over central Asia. This economic hub is politically very important where almost all great powers from British to Russia, US and China have interest prone to collision. In such circumstances other regional states like Saudi Arabi, Iran and Turkey, nuclear states like Indian and Pakistan have sway in the region in order to have major control over the gigantic economic resources which can flow through their countries. This study will try to explore the overall complexity of contemporary strategic and economic relations in Central Asia, but also to identify the main characteristics of these relations, and the most important players and their strategies.
Methodology: The study used desttop literature review. It involves review of existing literature
Findings: The multifarious relations between the great and regional powers having interests in Central Asia work against tide of development instead revived great game. The war against terrorism by US and allies is observe by regional contenders as interference in the region and engaging for cold war. This resulted also to provide another major reason discontinuitiesin Central Asia’s future development.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommend that Russia, China, and the United States along with regional contenders have to build strong and trustworthy cooperation in the region.
QUR'ANIC TRANSLATION IN THE FRAME OF COMMUNICATION (An Evaluative Study of the Translation of Message Terms in the Qur'anic Translation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia)
Authors: Amrullah Amrullah 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This paper critically examines the translation of message terms in Qur’anic Translation of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Republic of Indonesia.
Methodology: The writers analyzed the case through three steps. The first step, is analyzing the context. The context covers people who involved in the process of communication; communicator, communicant, and communication environment. The second step, is analyzing key word of communication, especially to look for its derivation and its denotative meaning. The third step, is determining the indicators of key word. Finally, is exploring the implication of indicator in communication activities.
Result: The study result shows that some translations of the terms are difficult to understand due to illogical use of Indonesian language. Moreover, some translations of the term do not refer the context of the verse. In addition, some translations of the term are overlapped. These translations do not reflect Qur’an-based communication and eventually do not support the integration of religion and science.
Recommendation: New translation based on a good Indonesian language, context of verse and refers to communication studies will produce a better understanding of Qur’anic verses of communication. Moreover, it is recommended to use translations of key words that writers offer in this paper as an alternative. In addition, giving footnote for key words is another alternative that should be considered by translator team.
Elections in Kenya: When All Roads in East Africa Lead to Nairobi
Authors: Francis Luangisa 
Published: March 2023

Kenya went to the elections in August 2022. The increasing unpredictable and competitive elections have often down-graded general election trends in the East Africa region where predetermined outcomes and poll fixing are the often norm Kenya was not going to be an exception. However, the case in Kenya was different this time. The era of unquestionable linchpins in Kenyan politics seemed to no longer dictate the tone among Kenyan voters. The voting alliance usually set among ethnic lines appeared to have been a matter of the past. Leading candidates set tone by disowning violence and instead appealed for peace to their supporters during the process of elections. Independent monitoring via parallel vote tabulations and public access of data released by the electoral commission from polling stations kept the public informed of the contest. Before the elections, during and after, anxiety was on the rise within Kenya, among Kenya’s neighbors, the rest of Africa and elsewhere.
This study examines the 2022 General Election in Kenya as to the maturity of the Kenya electorate against all the odds that has always beset the nation during such particular times. The example set is worth emulation by willing neighboring East African and African states in particular and the world at large. Literature on the elections from reliable daily and weekly tabloids, newsreels, interviews from the mass media, one- to- one debates with political analysts, active participation in panel discussions on the election and discussion groups furnished the necessary information to put something on paper. The general consensus in the discussion groups pitted Kenya to have made a leap forward.
The conclusion can be drawn that a significant progress has been made in Kenya’s election process since 2007-2008. The process in 2022 has displayed a maturity of democracy worth rivalling.
Restrictions during the Intermediate Licensing Phase: A Content Analysis
Authors: Asa Nicole , Hautmann Amanda , Sullivan Lindsay , Feiss Robyn , Smith Gary A. , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: This study analyzed the content of intermediate licensing restrictions of all 50 US states and examined the variation in strictness and language of four restriction categories: minimum age, nighttime driving restrictions, passenger restrictions, and traffic violation penalties.
Methods: We analyzed state intermediate licensing restrictions using data from four online sources (AAA Guide to Teen Driver Safety, National Conference of State Legislatures, Teen Driving Laws, and Insurance Institute for Highway Safety). Two trained coders independently coded the content of the restrictions, identified four restricted categories and subthemes for each category, and scored each subtheme from 0 to 2, with a higher score indicating a stricter restriction. Direct quotes from state laws were identified to support each subtheme.
Results: All 50 states included a minimum age for obtaining an intermediate license. Of 50 states, 49 (98.0%) contained nighttime driving restrictions, 46 (92.0%) contained passenger restrictions, and 43 (86.0%) included traffic violation penalties. Variations existed in the minimum age for an intermediate license and length required in the learner permit phase, the starting time and length of the nighttime driving restrictions, the number and age of passengers in passenger restrictions, the minimum time the driver needs to be violation-free before obtaining a full license, and the type and severity of traffic violation penalties.
Conclusions: Although all states have intermediate licensing restrictions, variations exist in the strictness and language of these restrictions. Future research should assess how these variations impact driving safety among teens when they first start driving unsupervised.
Pengaruh Motivasi, Pengembangan Karir Dan Disiplin Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada PT. Traktor Nusantara Medan
Authors: Napitupulu Daniel 
Published: March 2023

PT. Traktor Nusantara adalah merupakan salah satu perusahaan melakukan penjualan alat-alat berat seperti Traktor; Forklif; Alat-alat perlengkapan bertani; Keria; Penggali. Permasalahan yang mendasari penelitian ini apakah variabel motivasi, pengembangan karir dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh secara serempak dan parsial terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Traktor Nusantara Medan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan kuesioner dengan membagikan daftar pertanyaan kepada responden sebanyak 90 responden melalui program Statitical Product Service Solution (SPSS) Versi 19.00, penelitian observasi yang dilakukan secara langsung ke lapangan untuk dijadikan objek penelitian. Pada (Uji-F) menunjukkan bahwa variabel bebas yang terdiri dari variabel Motivasi, Pengembangan Karir dan Disiplin Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen yaitu Kinerja Karyawan PT. Traktor Nusantara Medan. Pada(Uji-t) menunjukkan bahwa dari ketiga variabel bebas (Motivasi, Pengembangan Karir dan Disiplin Kerja) hanya variabel motivasi yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan sedangkan variabel pengembangan karir dan disiplin kerja tidak signifikan. Padaperhitungan koefisien determinan (R2) menunjukkan bahwa 93,1% variabel Kinerja Karyawan dapat dijelaskan oleh Motivasi, pengembangan karir dan Disiplin kerja sedangkan sisanya 6,1% dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh penelitian ini.
Pendekatan Pengukuran Kinerja Perusahaan Menggunakan Metode Market Value Added (Mva)
Authors: Nasution Suci Chasara 
Published: March 2023

Pengukuran kinerja telah menjadi indikator penting tidak hanya bagi perusahaan tetapi juga untuk Investor. Hal ini menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan dalam mengelola modalnya.
Pengukuran kinerja dapat dibagi menjadi pengukuran kinerja keuangan dan non keuangan. Ini
Artikel ini akan membahas lebih lanjut tentang pengukuran kinerja keuangan menggunakan Nilai Tambah Pasar (MVA). Nilai Tambah Ekonomi dikembangkan olehSfern, Stewart & Company, yang merupakan hasil kumulatif dari kinerja perusahaan yang dihasilkan oleh berbagai investasi yang telah dilakukan maupun yang diantisipasi akan dilakukan, sehingga keberhasilan dari MVA merupakan tolak ukur keberhasilan dalam memaksimalkan pemegang saham dengan alokasi sumbersumber yang sesuai sedangkan Financial Value Added atau Financial EVA adalah indikator baru yangdikembangkan sebagai peningkatan EVA. Di akhir artikel, akan ada perbandingan darikelebihan dan kekurangan dari MVA
The frequency and factors affecting anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Unal Enginar Ayşe , Nur Hakan 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Anxiety and depression are important problems in patients with RA. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and the factors affecting depression and anxiety in patients with RA.Material and methodsOne hundred and eighty-two patients with RA, aged 18–85 years, were included in this study. The diagnosis of RA was established according to ACR/EULAR RA classification criteria from 2010. Psychosis, pregnancy, breastfeeding and malignancy were exclusion criteria. The demographic data as well as disease duration, educational status, Disease Activity Score with 28-joint counts (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were the parameters used in the analysis.ResultsDepression symptoms were present in 50.3%, anxiety in 25.3% of the studied patients. In patients with depression and/or anxiety HAQ and DAS28 scores were higher than other studied RA patients. Depression was determined at significantly higher rates in females, housewives and those with a low education level. Anxiety was determined significantly more often in blue-collar workers.ConclusionsIn the present study, depression and anxiety were observed at high rates in patients with RA. These results confirm the real problem in RA patients in comparison to the general population. This points to the relationship between inflammation and depression and anxiety. Psychiatric evaluations and mental status assessment should not be forgotten together with physical examinations of RA pa-tients.