bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two-scale method to include essential screw connection behaviour in two-way coupled fire-structure simulations
Authors: Xu Qingfeng , Hofmeyer Hèrm , Maljaars Johan 
Published: August 2023

PurposeSimulations exist for the prediction of the behaviour of building structural systems under fire, including two-way coupled fire-structure interaction. However, these simulations do not include detailed models of the connections, whereas these connections may impact the overall behaviour of the structure. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-scale method to include screw connections.Design/methodology/approachThe two-scale method consists of (a) a global-scale model that models the overall structural system and (b) a small-scale model to describe a screw connection. Components in the global-scale model are connected by a spring element instead of a modelled screw, and the stiffness of this spring element is predicted by the small-scale model, updated at each load step. For computational efficiency, the small-scale model uses a proprietary technique to model the behaviour of the threads, verified by simulations that model the complete thread geometry, and validated by existing pull-out experiments. For four screw failure modes, load-deformation behaviour and failure predictions of the two-scale method are verified by a detailed system model. Additionally, the two-scale method is validated for a combined load case by existing experiments, and demonstrated for different temperatures. Finally, the two-scale method is illustrated as part of a two-way coupled fire-structure simulation.FindingsIt was shown that proprietary ”threaded connection interaction” can predict thread relevant failure modes, i.e. thread failure, shank tension failure, and pull-out. For bearing, shear, tension, and pull-out failure, load-deformation behaviour and failure predictions of the two-scale method correspond with the detailed system model and Eurocode predictions. Related to combined load cases, for a variety of experiments a good correlation has been found between experimental and simulation results, however, pull-out simulations were shown to be inconsistent.Research limitations/implicationsMore research is needed before the two-scale method can be used under all conditions. This relates to the failure criteria for pull-out, combined load cases, and temperature loads.Originality/valueThe two-scale method bridges the existing very detailed small-scale screw models with present global-scale structural models, that in the best case only use springs. It shows to be insightful, for it contains a functional separation of scales, revealing their relationships, and it is computationally efficient as it allows for distributed computing. Furthermore, local small-scale non-convergence (e.g. a screw failing) can be handled without convergence problems in the global-scale structural model.
Vibration response analysis of a two-stage vibration isolation system for large airborne equipment
Authors: Zhu Hongyan , Lv Pengzhen , Wu Xiaochong , Wang Yuansheng , Liu Wei , Lin Huagang , Yue Zhufeng 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a two-stage vibration isolation system for large airborne equipment to isolate aircraft vibration load.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the vibration isolation law of the discrete model of large airborne equipment under different damping ratios, stiffness ratios and mass ratios is analyzed, which guides the establishment of a three-dimensional solid model of large airborne equipment. Subsequently, the vibration isolation transfer efficiency is analyzed based on the three-dimensional model of the airborne equipment, and the angular and linear vibration responses of the two-stage vibration isolation system under different frequencies are studied.FindingsFinally, studies have shown that the steady-state angular vibration at the non-resonant frequency changes little. In contrast, the maximum angular vibration at the resonance peak reaches 0.0033 rad, at least 20 times the response at the non-resonant frequency. The linear vibration at the resonant frequency is at least 2.14 times the response at the non-resonant frequency. Obviously, the amplification factor of linear vibration is less than that of angular vibration, and angular vibration has the most significant effect on the internal vibration of airborne equipment.Originality/valueThe two-stage vibration isolation equipment designed in this paper has a positive guiding significance for the vibration isolation design of large airborne equipment.
Effectiveness of equipping bus stop shelters with cooling and filtering systems in a city with tropical climate
Authors: Velasco Erik , Segovia Elvagris 
Published: August 2023

PurposeWaiting for a bus may represent a period of intense exposure to traffic particles in hot and noisy conditions in the street. To lessen the particle load and tackle heat in bus stops a shelter was equipped with an electrostatic precipitator and a three-step adiabatic cooling system capable of dynamically adjust its operation according to actual conditions. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Airbitat Oasis Smart Bus Stop, as the shelter was called, to provide clean and cool air.Design/methodology/approachThe particle exposure experienced in this innovative shelter was contrasted with that in a conventional shelter located right next to it. Mass concentrations of fine particles and black carbon, and particle number concentration (as a proxy of ultrafine particles) were simultaneously measured in both shelters. Air temperature, relative humidity and noise level were also measured.FindingsThe new shelter did not perform as expected. It only slightly reduced the abundance of fine particles (−6.5%), but not of ultrafine particles and black carbon. Similarly, it reduced air temperature (−1 °C), but increased relative humidity (3%). Its operation did not generate additional noise.Practical implicationsThe shelter's poor performance was presumably due to design flaws induced by a lack of knowledge on traffic particles and fluid dynamics in urban environments. This is an example where harnessing technology without understanding the problem to solve does not work.Originality/valueIt is uncommon to come across case studies like this one in which the performance and effectiveness of urban infrastructure can be assessed under real-life service settings.
Morphological variations of the lung: Accessory fissures and lobes
Authors: Branca Jacopo Junio Valerio , Veltro Cristiana , Guarnieri Giulia , Pacini Alessandra , Paternostro Ferdinando 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAnatomical variability in the human body is not as rare as was previously hypothesised. Indeed, as recently reviewed, the term ‘norm’ in anatomy can be considered an approximation. Thus, anatomical variations occur quite often, as largely demonstrated during non‐invasive diagnosis, surgical intervention, or post mortem investigations. In the present study, we describe different anatomical variations in both the right and left lungs derived from cadavers of different ethnicities. The analysed organs were collected during dissection, and accessory lobes and fissures were observed in both the right and left lungs. Moreover, a horizontal fissure was missing from the right lung, resulting in only two lobes. Since lung anatomical variability is common in clinical practice and preclinical imaging studies can miss different morphologies, a deep and accurate knowledge of the anatomical variations of the lung is of extreme importance to avoid difficulties or changes during the surgical procedure.
The impact of center volume on the utilization and outcomes of machine perfusion technology in liver transplantation: An international survey
Authors: Angelico Roberta , Sensi Bruno , Quaranta Claudia , Orsi Michela , Parente Alessandro , Schlegel Andrea , Tisone Giuseppe , Manzia Tommaso M. ,   the Real‐World Machine Perfusion Study Group
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionMachine perfusion (MP) was developed to expand the donor pool and improve liver transplantation (LT) outcomes. Despite optimal results in clinical trials, the real‐world MP benefit in centers with low‐/mid‐volume activity (LVCs) is still being determined.MethodsOnline survey on MP for LT, distributed to worldwide LT‐centers representatives. Variables of interest included logistics, technicalities, and outcomes. Responders were grouped into high‐volume centers (HVCs) (>60 LTs/year) and LVCs and results compared.ResultsSixty‐seven centers were included, 36 HVCs and 31 LVCs. Significant differences in MP regarded: (I) existence of an established program (80.6% vs. 41.9%; p = 0.02), (II) presence of a dedicated perfusionist (58.3% vs. 22.6%; p = 0.006), (III) duration (>4 h: 47.2% vs. 16.1%; p = 0.01), (IV) routine use (20%–40% vs. 5%–20%; p = 0.002), (V) graft utilization (>50%: 75% vs. 51.6%; p = 0.009), (VI) 90‐day patient‐survival (90%–100% vs. 50%–90%; p = 0.001) and (VII) subjectively perceived benefit (always vs. only in selected ECD; p = 0.009). Concordance was found for indications, type, viability tests, graft‐salvage, 90‐day graft‐loss, and major‐complications.ConclusionsThis study captured a picture of MP in real‐world LT‐practice. Significant disparities have surfaced between LVCs and HVCs regarding logistics, utilization, and results. To close this gap, efforts should be made to more efficiently deliver dedicated support, training and mentoring to LVC teams adopting MP technology.
Firm governance structures, earnings management, and carbon emission disclosures in Chinese high‐polluting firms
Authors: Abbas Ali , Zhang Guoqing , Bilal  , Chengang Ye 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines the influence of firm governance structures (board size, independence, CEO duality, director share ownership, and board meeting frequency) in relation to carbon emission disclosures by high‐polluting Chinses firms. In addition, the study further examined the moderating role of earnings management on this relationship. In line with stakeholder and agency theories, our study identified that the large and independent boards exercise and demonstrate a higher degree of carbon emission disclosures. However, CEO duality and director share ownership are associated with lower carbon emission disclosures. In addition, the study determined that higher earnings management results in a reduced level of carbon emission disclosures. Lastly, a firm earnings management strategy moderates the relationship between a firm governance structure and its carbon emission disclosures. The findings from the study are consistent with multiple econometric models and variables. The findings from the study contribute to the literature in the areas of firm corporate governance and carbon emission disclosures by documenting the moderating role of earnings management, which is not evident in previous studies; provide an enhanced perspective on the implications for firms, regulators, policymakers, and stakeholders who have an interest in reducing carbon emissions and advancing climate change mitigation goals in line with UN's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7: climate action, and zero emissions goal by 2050.
Kidney donors' interests and the prohibition on sales
Authors: Semrau Luke 
Published: August 2023

AbstractI shall argue, first, that potential kidney donors may be subject to harmful pressure to donate. This pressure may take almost any form; people have diverse interests, and anything that could set them back may qualify as pressure. Given features of the context—the high stakes, the involvement of family, and the social meaning of donation—such pressure may be especially harmful. This problem is less tractable than the more familiar worry that pressure may compromise consent. Screening may ensure donors validly consent, but it provides no protection against harmful pressure. I shall argue, second, that the use of such pressure is the predictable consequence of the prohibition on kidney sales. Potential donors have something—a transplantable kidney—that is both valuable and scarce. Many of them, informed about donation, decide against it. Those in need of a transplant may seek to persuade the unwilling. Given the prohibition, the donation cannot be made more attractive in absolute terms by, say, the addition of money. However, it can be made more attractive in relative terms. If declining the option is made worse, then, by comparison, accepting it is made better. The application of harmful pressure has the desired effect. With so much at stake, and no good alternatives, its use is predictable. I conclude that potential donors' interests should figure more prominently in the discussion of transplant policy. Those who defend the prohibition have made virtually no attempt to account for its impact on that group.
Systemic treatments in Parthenium dermatitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akham Rojita , Bhatia Riti , Das Amity , Bhadoria Ajeet Singh , Pathak Mona , Hazarika Neirita 
Published: August 2023

AbstractParthenium dermatitis is the commonest form of plant dermatitis in India, caused by the plant Parthenium hysterophorus. Systemic immunosuppressives are commonly employed in its treatment. However, there is a relative lack of comparative head‐to‐head trials. This study was done to assess the relative efficacy and safety of systemic treatments in Parthenium dermatitis. We systematically reviewed all the published studies investigating the safety and efficacy of systemic treatments for Parthenium dermatitis in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Embase, and clinical trial registries. Treatment benefit data were tabulated based on outcome measures of scoring systems. The quality of evidence for each outcome was assessed by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria for meta‐analysis. The pooled Standardized mean difference (SMD) for case series and comparative studies based on clinical severity score (CSS) for azathioprine was 4.007 (95% CI (Confidence interval): 3.141, 4.873) and 0.746 (95% CI: 0.139, 1.352), respectively. About 88.8% (95% CI: 76.8%, 100.8%, p = 0.076) of the patients had excellent or a good response to azathioprine. Our meta‐analysis shows that azathioprine has the highest level of evidence in the treatment of Parthenium dermatitis.
Co‐consuming green tea with raloxifene decreases raloxifene systemic exposure in healthy adult participants
Authors: Clarke John D. , Judson Sabrina M. , Tian Dan‐Dan , Kirby Trevor O. , Tanna Rakshit S. , Matula‐Péntek Adrienn , Horváth Miklós , Layton Matthew E. , White John R. , Cech Nadja B. , Thummel Kenneth E. , McCune Jeannine S. , Shen Danny D. , Paine Mary F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGreen tea is a popular beverage worldwide. The abundant green tea catechin (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of intestinal UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activity (Ki ~2 μM). Co‐consuming green tea with intestinal UGT drug substrates, including raloxifene, could increase systemic drug exposure. The effects of a well‐characterized green tea on the pharmacokinetics of raloxifene, raloxifene 4′‐glucuronide, and raloxifene 6‐glucuronide were evaluated in 16 healthy adults via a three‐arm crossover, fixed‐sequence study. Raloxifene (60 mg) was administered orally with water (baseline), with green tea for 1 day (acute), and on the fifth day after daily green tea administration for 4 days (chronic). Unexpectedly, green tea decreased the geometric mean green tea/baseline raloxifene AUC0–96h ratio to ~0.60 after both acute and chronic administration, which is below the predefined no‐effect range (0.75–1.33). Lack of change in terminal half‐life and glucuronide‐to‐raloxifene ratios indicated the predominant mechanism was not inhibition of intestinal UGT. One potential mechanism includes inhibition of intestinal transport. Using established transfected cell systems, a green tea extract normalized to EGCG inhibited 10 of 16 transporters tested (IC50, 0.37–12 μM). Another potential mechanism, interruption by green tea of gut microbe‐mediated raloxifene reabsorption, prompted a follow‐up exploratory clinical study to evaluate the potential for a green tea–gut microbiota–drug interaction. No clear mechanisms were identified. Overall, results highlight that improvements in current models and methods used to predict UGT‐mediated drug interactions are needed. Informing patients about the risk of co‐consuming green tea with raloxifene may be considered.
Genetic scores associated with favourable and unfavourable adiposity have consistent effect on metabolic profile and disease risk across diverse ethnic groups
Authors: Ahmed Altayeb , Justo Stephen , Yaghootkar Hanieh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the associations between genetic risk scores (GRS) for favourable and unfavourable adiposity and a wide range of adiposity‐related outcomes across diverse populations.MethodsWe utilised previously identified variants associated with favourable (36 variants) and unfavourable (38 variants) adiposity to create GRS for each adiposity phenotype. We used summary statistics from 39 outcomes generated by the Pan‐UKB genome‐wide association studies Version 0.3, incorporating covariates such as age, sex and principal components in six populations: European (n = 420,531), African (6636), American (980), Central/South Asian (8876), East Asian (2709) and Middle Eastern (1599).ResultsThe favourable adiposity GRS was associated with a healthy metabolic profile, including lower risk of type 2 diabetes, lower liver enzyme levels, lower blood pressure, higher HDL‐cholesterol, lower triglycerides, higher apolipoprotein A, lower apolipoprotein B, higher testosterone, lower calcium and lower insulin‐like growth factor 1 generally consistently across all the populations. In contrast, the unfavourable adiposity GRS was associated with an adverse metabolic profile, including higher risk of type 2 diabetes, higher random glucose levels, higher HbA1c, lower HDL‐cholesterol, higher triglycerides, higher liver enzyme levels, lower testosterone, and higher C‐reactive protein generally consistently across all the populations.ConclusionThe study provides evidence that the genetic scores associated with favourable and unfavourable adiposity have consistent effects on metabolic profiles and disease risk across diverse ethnic groups. These findings deepen our understanding of distinct adiposity subtypes and their impact on metabolic health.
YouTube™ as a source of tooth avulsion information: A video analysis study
Authors: Loureiro Jéssica Muniz , Chaves Victor Carvalho Vitolo , Risso Patrícia A. , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Maia Lucianne Cople , Pithon Matheus de Melo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground/AimEvaluate the informative content in tooth avulsion videos intended for dentists available on YouTube™ and analyse their compliance with the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines 2020.Materials and MethodsGoogle Trends was used to identify the most searched term for tooth avulsion. Tooth avulsion‐related videos in Brazilian Portuguese intended for dentists were searched on YouTube™ with a 12‐month filter. Two raters reviewed these videos to extract their features and evaluate and qualify them with two 9‐point checklists based on the IADT 2020 guidelines. The emergency steps for tooth avulsion at the accident site were assessed before, during and after clinical management; each step received 1 point if present and 0 points if absent. The final score ranged from 0 to 9 points on each checklist (18 points total), and the total score was used to classify the videos as having poor, moderate or rich content. Reliability and video quality were evaluated by an adapted version of the DISCERN tool and global quality scale (GQS), respectively. The data were analysed with the Mann–Whitney U‐test, Pearson chi‐square test, and the Kappa statistic (p < .05).ResultsOf 60 videos, 8 were included. All were uploaded by dental professionals or undergraduate students; the average duration was 11 min (range: 0.40–65 min), and the average number of views was 56.75. Half the videos (50%) had maximum completeness scores for questions about emergency dentist referral before clinical management, and more than half (75%) had maximum completeness regarding the steps required during and after treatment. Rich videos had higher GQS scores (p = .049) without significant correlation.ConclusionsAlthough most videos in Brazilian Portuguese were considered high‐quality according to the IADT checklist, half of them presented partial absence of information regarding orientations at the accident site.
The consequences of orthodontic extrusion on previously intruded permanent incisors—A retrospective study
Authors: Shalish Miriam , Abed Jawad , Keinan David , Slutzky‐Goldberg Iris 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to compare the adverse effects that occur after orthodontic extrusion of teeth that have been traumatically intruded with those of similar teeth that have not experienced any trauma.BackgroundThe outcome of incisors intrusion can be affected by the patient's age, extent of injury, root development, and malocclusion. Orthodontic extrusion is a potential solution, but it may also cause complications.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of the effects of extrusion of traumatically intruded teeth was carried out. The study group included 21 teeth in 14 patients. The control group included 32 teeth in 10 patients that underwent orthodontic extrusion with no history of trauma. Patients' age, gender, and stage of root development were recorded. The severity of the intrusion was classified as mild (<3 mm), moderate (3‐6 mm), and severe (≥7 mm). A comparison of signs of pulp necrosis and root resorptions between the groups was made.ResultsThe central incisor is the tooth that is most injured in 80.9% of cases. A majority of these incidents involve severe intrusion, which was found in 42.9% of cases. 90% of the traumatized teeth had already lost their vitality prior to orthodontic treatment. Various forms of root resorption were observed in the study group. In the control group, 31.2% of teeth showed signs of external root resorption, but no endodontic intervention was carried out during the follow‐up period, as these teeth remained vital.ConclusionsFollowing intrusion, there is a high risk for root resorption and pulp necrosis. Orthodontic repositioning should be carried out with caution and mild force to prevent complications. Long‐term follow‐ups are required to ensure the best possible outcome.