bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergism between production and soil health through crop diversification, organic amendments and crop protection in wheat‐based systems
Authors: Walder Florian , Büchi Lucie , Wagg Cameron , Colombi Tino , Banerjee Samiran , Hirte Juliane , Mayer Jochen , Six Johan , Keller Thomas , Charles Raphaël , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

One of the critical challenges in agriculture is enhancing yield without compromising its foundation, a healthy environment and, particularly, soils. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify management practices that simultaneously support soil health and production and help achieve environmentally sound production systems.

To investigate how management influences production and soil health under realistic agronomic conditions, we conducted an on‐farm study involving 60 wheat fields managed conventionally, under no‐till or organically. We assessed 68 variables defining management, production and soil health properties. We examined how management systems and individual practices describing crop diversification, fertiliser inputs, agrochemical use and soil disturbance influenced production—quantity and quality—and soil health focusing on aspects ranging from soil organic matter over soil structure to microbial abundance and diversity.

Our on‐farm comparison showed marked differences between soil health and production in the current system: organic management resulted in the best overall soil health (+47%) but the most significant yield gap (−34%) compared to conventional management. No‐till systems were generally intermediate, exhibiting a smaller yield gap (−17%) and only a marginally improved level of soil health (+5%) compared to conventional management. Yet, the overlap between management systems in production and soil health properties was considerably large.

Our results further highlight the importance of soil health for productivity by revealing positive associations between crop yield and soil health properties, particularly under conventional management, whereas factors such as weed pressure were more dominant in organic systems.

None of the three systems showed advantages in supporting production‐soil health‐based multifunctionality. In contrast, a cross‐system analysis suggests that multifunctional agroecosystems could be achieved through a combination of crop diversification and organic amendments with effective crop protection.

Synthesis and applications: Our on‐farm study implies that current trade‐offs in managing production and soil health could be overcome through more balanced systems incorporating conventional and alternative approaches. Such multifunctionality supporting systems could unlock synergies between vital ecosystem services and help achieve productive yet environmentally sound agriculture supported by healthy soils.
Interrogating the Political Economy of Age
Authors: Alexander‐Shaw Kate 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article considers the argument by Tim Vlandas, in this issue, that an ageing electorate may undermine democracies’ ability to make the right economic choices. Vlandas suggests that the emergence of gerontocratic politics may give rise to ‘gerontonomia’: an economy run for the old, at the expense of younger generations and of future prosperity. However, evidence from the UK suggests a more mixed picture. Age‐based voting patterns have been consequential around single issues, not least the 2016 Brexit referendum. However, voters’ interests in broad economic policy models are not easily reducible to age dynamics, and intergenerational politics are filtered through a set of normative and affective considerations beyond straightforward self‐interest. Moreover, since the rational interests of different age groups do not speak for themselves, cueing by political elites is potentially significant and may be contributing to older voters’ relative tolerance of a poor economic record.
From Gerontocracy to Gerontonomia: The Politics of Economic Stagnation in Ageing Democracies
Authors: Vlandas Tim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOne in five people in the EU and nearly one in ten in the world are now aged 65 and over. This demographic transformation is one of the great successes of the twentieth century and has profoundly altered the composition of electorates in many democracies. This article explores whether and how this population ageing reshapes the relationship between democracy and capitalism. I argue that ageing changes the economic and policy priorities of a growing share of democracies’ electorates in ways that incentivise elected governments to prioritise certain social policies and economic outcomes, such as pensions and low inflation, at the expense of others, most notably greater social investments and pursuing economic growth. As a result, gerontocracies increasingly lead to what I call a ‘gerontonomia’ characterised by democratically sustained economic stagnation.
Demanding the Impossible: Public Procurement as Industrial Strategy
Authors: Coulter Steve , Meggitt‐Smith Benjamin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGovernments have rediscovered industrial strategy as a central tool of economic policy in order to deal with a range of challenges, including ending the stagnation in productivity, transforming economies to meet net zero targets and coping with disruptive new technologies. An important emerging feature of this is a shift in emphasis from ‘supply‐side’ policies, focussing on tackling market failures, to ‘demand‐side’ policies, which aim to help entrepreneurs overcome uncertainty by providing a final market for their products. For UK policy makers, this shift represents opportunities to support nascent technology industries, but it also holds dangers of waste, overreach and political capture. The article assesses several possible approaches available to the UK and concludes that a viable strategy for the UK is not to try to compete with big spending schemes, like the USA's Inflation Reduction Act, but to work with entrepreneurs in de‐risking new product development.
A nephrologist dream of peritoneal dialysis catheter with zero migration: A multicenter prospective study
Authors: Al‐Hwiesh Abdullah K. , Abdul‐Rahman Ibrahiem Saeed , Divino‐Filho Jose Carolino , Nasreldin Mohamed A. , Al‐Hwiesh Amani A. , Al‐Audah Nadia , Althubaini Hatem H. , Abdulgalil Moaz , Salah Ghassan A. , Al‐Baggal Mohammad Z. , Abu‐Oun Bassam A. , Al‐Audah Nehad , Al‐Ramadan Habib S. , Alfalah Kaltham , Almarri Zahra , Al‐Awal Ayat A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionPD catheter tip migration is a common complication and a significant cause of catheter malfunction. In this perspective, we present our experience with a new catheter and a new technique that involves the use of a new triple cuff PD catheter and a low entry site in an attempt to prevent PD catheter migration.MethodsA total of 503 incident PD patients have been studied in more than one PD center over a period of 5 years.ResultsDuring the 5‐year follow up we recorded zero percent catheter migration. Other technical complications were poor drainage in 3.4%, omental wrap in 2.8%, early leakage in 3.4%, and catheter replacement in 2.4%. By the end of the study, the one‐year PD catheter survival was 97.6%.ConclusionOur new triple cuff PD catheter and our low‐entry approach seem to be effective in preventing PD catheter migration and minimizing other mechanical complications.
Effects of N‐acetyl‐L‐tryptophan on desorption of the protein‐bound uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate and effects on uremic sarcopenia
Authors: Ohashi Atsushi , Nakatani Masashi , Hori Hideo , Nakai Shigeru , Tsuchida Kunihiro , Hasegawa Midori , Tsuboi Naotake 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionIndoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein‐bound uremic toxin that causes uremic sarcopenia. IS has poor dialysis clearance; however, the addition of a binding competitor improves its removal efficiency.MethodsDialysis experiments were performed using N‐acetyl‐l‐tryptophan (L‐NAT) instead of l‐tryptophan (Trp) using pooled sera obtained from dialysis patients. The molecular structures of L‐NAT and Trp were similar to that of IS. Therefore, we examined whether Trp and L‐NAT were involved in muscle atrophy in the same manner as IS by performing culture experiments using a human myotube cell line.ResultsThe removal efficiency of L‐NAT was the same as that of Trp. However, L‐NAT concentrations in the pooled sera increased at the end of the experiment. Trp (1 mM) decreased the area of human myocytes, similar to IS, whereas L‐NAT did not.ConclusionL‐NAT is a binding competitor with the ability to remove protein‐bound IS while preventing sarcopenia.
IRF5 promotes glycolysis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma and is regulated by TRIM35
Authors: Fang Ying , Lu Zhi Hui , Liu Bang Zhong , Li Nan , Yang Ming Zhen , Wang Ping 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesThe interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of proteins are involved in tumor progression. However, the role of IRF5 in tumorigenesis remains unknown. In this study we aimed to elucidate the functions of IRF5 in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsIRF5 expression in HCC was analyzed through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC), etc. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) assay, anchorage‐independent assay, and EdU assay were used to evaluate the role of IRF5. The molecular mechanisms were studied by analyzing the metabolites with mass spectrum and immunoprecipitation.ResultsIRF5 was upregulated in HCC. Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenic potential of HCC cells. When studying the molecular mechanism, IRF5 was found to upregulate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and promoted glycolysis. Additionally, tripartite motif containing 35 (TRIM35) interacted with IRF5, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation. In the clinically obtained HCC samples, TRIM35 was negatively correlated with the expression of IRF5.ConclusionThese findings reveal the oncogenic function of IRF5 in the progression of HCC by enhancing glycolysis, further supporting the potential of IRF5 as a viable target for HCC therapy.
Increased expression of autophagy‐related gene 5 indicates poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Guo Hong Ying , Yu Xiang Nan , Zhang Guang Cong , Yin Jie , Dong Ling , Liu Tao Tao , Qian Zhi Ping , Zhu Ji Min , Shen Xi Zhong 
Published: August 2023

ObjectivesAs a critical component of the autophagic machinery, autophagy‐related gene 5 (ATG5) is essential for autophagosome formation. Autophagy participates in the transformation and progression of various malignant tumors, but the role of ATG5 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be illustrated. In this study we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of ATG5 in HCC.MethodsATG5 expression was evaluated in 89 pairs of HCC tissues and adjacent non‐tumor tissues. The relationship between ATG5 expression and patients' clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis were evaluated. Moreover, subgroup analyses were performed regarding patients’ age and number of tumors. Nomograms estimating overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were conducted.ResultsATG5 expression was increased in HCC specimens rather than adjacent non‐tumor tissues. The upregulated ATG5 expression was positively associated with serum α‐fetoprotein (AFP) level. Moreover, cases with a strong ATG5 expression had a poorer disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with a weak ATG5 expression. Multivariate analysis showed that a strong expression of ATG5 was related to a poor OS and DFS in patients with HCC. Further analysis indicated that cases with a higher ATG5 expression had a poorer OS and DFS in the young patients (≤55 years) and those with solitary tumor. The nomogram suggested that there was a coherence between nomogram prediction and the actual situation of patient survival related to ATG5.ConclusionATG5 promotes tumor progression in HCC, making it a potential biomarker in the diagnosis and a therapeutic target of HCC.
Angioembolisation for arterial haemorrhage related to pelvic ring injury
Authors: Kozak Thomas , Burrows Sally , Song Swithin , Soares Julian , Blakeney William 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionHaemorrhage related to pelvic fractures has been associated with mortality rates of up to 50%. Angioembolisation for the management of pelvic haemorrhage was performed as early as 1972; however, there remains uncertainty over its exact use, timing and priority as a component of modern pelvic management protocols.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed cases of angioembolisation for arterial haemorrhage related to pelvic ring fractures at a level 1 trauma centre. Patient demographics were assessed as well as the time taken to reach the interventional radiology (IR) suite from the time of trauma and also arriving at the emergency room (ER). Other factors analysed included the volume of blood products consumed and fracture pattern.ResultsFifty‐four patients received pelvic angiography for pelvic ring injuries between 2006 and 2021. The average age was 45.1 (20.5) years, with the male to female ratio 2.4:1. Forty (74.1%) of these patients had embolisation to actively bleeding pelvic arterial vessels. Median time to the IR was 4.4 [IQR 3.1–8.1] hours from time of trauma and 2.5 [IQR 2.1–4.2] hours from arrival to ER. The overall mortality rate was 18.5% and the median amount of blood transfused was 4584 mL [IQR 1643.5–8026.5]. In the subset of embolised patients (n = 40), mortality rate was 10% and there was an inverse association between time from ER to IR and volume of blood product consumption (P = 0.024).ConclusionAngioembolisation is a life‐saving intervention in very severely injured patients and is growing in popularity as a component of modern pelvic trauma management protocols.
A new genomic resource to enable standardized surveys of SNPs across the native range of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)
Authors: Mamoozadeh Nadya R. , Whiteley Andrew R. , Letcher Benjamin H. , Kazyak David C. , Tarsa Charlene , Meek Mariah H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how genetic diversity is distributed across spatiotemporal scales in species of conservation or management concern is critical for identifying large‐scale mechanisms affecting local conservation status and implementing large‐scale biodiversity monitoring programmes. However, cross‐scale surveys of genetic diversity are often impractical within single studies, and combining datasets to increase spatiotemporal coverage is frequently impeded by using different sets of molecular markers. Recently developed molecular tools make surveys based on standardized single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) panels more feasible than ever, but require existing genomic information. Here, we conduct the first survey of genome‐wide SNPs across the native range of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), a cold‐adapted species that has been the focus of considerable conservation and management effort across eastern North America. Our dataset can be leveraged to easily design SNP panels that allow datasets to be combined for large‐scale analyses. We performed restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing for wild brook trout from 82 locations spanning much of the native range and domestic brook trout from 24 hatchery strains used in stocking efforts. We identified over 24,000 SNPs distributed throughout the brook trout genome. We explored the ability of these SNPs to resolve relationships across spatial scales, including population structure and hatchery admixture. Our dataset captures a wide spectrum of genetic diversity in native brook trout, offering a valuable resource for developing SNP panels. We highlight potential applications of this resource with the goal of increasing the integration of genomic information into decision‐making for brook trout and other species of conservation or management concern.
Mitochondrial displacement loop region single nucleotide polymorphisms and mitochondrial DNA copy number associated with risk of ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Peng Chenxing , Xu Shuo , Zhao Yufei , Zhang Xiaoyun , Zhang Shasha , Guo Zhanjun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) seems to be associated with genetics, the environment, heredity, and oxidative stress. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the displacement loop (D‐loop) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtDNA copy number were investigated for their correlation with AS patients.MethodsThis study included 83 AS patients and 100 healthy controls from the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. DNAs were extracted from blood samples for polymerase chain reaction analysis and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by fluorescent probe technology.ResultsThe distribution frequencies of the minor alleles of nucleotides 16304C (p = .037), 16311C (p = .027), and 152C (p = .034) were remarkably higher in AS patients than in healthy controls, which indicated that the16304C, 16311C, and 152C alleles were correlated with an increased risk of AS. Simultaneously, mtDNA copy number was statistically higher in patients with AS compared with controls (1.450 ± 0.876 versus 0.835 ± 0.626, p < .001). We also observed an increased ROS generation in AS patients compared with controls (27 066.169 ± 18 364.819 versus 14 758.330 ± 5854.946, p < .001) subsequently. In addition, the AS susceptible SNP 16311C is associated with high ROS levels (35 065.177 ± 26 999.934 vs. 25 005.818 ± 14 999.495, p = .043).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that SNPs in the mtDNA D‐loop could be AS risk biomarkers with the potential to promote oxidative stress levels; mtDNA copy number‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction may also be involved in AS pathogenesis.
Preliminary investigation of elevated collagen and blood‐clotting markers as potential noninvasive biomarkers for small cell lung cancer
Authors: Thorlacius‐Ussing Jeppe , Kristensen Søren Risom , Karsdal Morten Asser , Willumsen Nicholas , Pedersen Shona 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) is highly aggressive with limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. Moreover, noninvasive biomarker tools for detecting disease and monitoring treatment response are lacking. To address this, we evaluated serum biomarkers of extracellular matrix proteins not previously explored in SCLC.MethodsWe measured biomarkers in the serum of 16 patients with SCLC before and after chemotherapy as well as in the serum of 11 healthy individuals.ResultsOur findings demonstrated that SCLC serum had higher levels of collagen type I degradation, collagen type III formation, and collagen type XI formation than healthy controls. In addition, we observed higher levels of type XIX and XXII collagens, fibrinogen, and von Willebrand factor A formation in SCLC serum. The formation of type I collagen did not exhibit any discernible variation. However, we observed a decrease in the degradation of type I collagen following chemotherapy.ConclusionOverall, our findings revealed elevated levels of collagen and blood‐clotting markers in the serum of SCLC patients, indicating the potential of ECM proteins as noninvasive biomarkers for SCLC.
Earnings guidance stoppage and the value of financial analysts' research
Authors: Palmon Dan , Peng Xuan , Yezegel Ari 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe examine the relation between voluntary disclosure and the value of analysts' research by studying the change in the informativeness of analysts' research after managers stop providing quarterly guidance to investors. We find that the market reaction to analysts' recommendation revisions increases significantly after guidance stoppage, controlling for confounding factors as well as for firm and time fixed effects. The increase in market reaction is greater for firms with more opaque information environments and for firms that previously provided disaggregated guidance. Further, the effect of guidance stoppage on the informativeness of analysts' research reverses after managers resume guidance. Finally, textual analyses of analysts' reports before and after guidance stoppage reveal that analysts issue longer, more frequent, and more detailed reports that convey more forward‐looking information after stoppages. These findings collectively shed light on the relation between the supply of voluntary disclosure and the value that sell‐side analysts add to price discovery in capital markets.
Stock market liberalization and earnings management: Evidence from a quasi‐natural experiment in China
Authors: Gao Kaijuan , Pittman Jeffrey , Wang Xiongyuan , Wang Zi‐Tian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExploiting a quasi‐natural experiment in China in which some firms become investible to foreign investors across different times (i.e., pilot firms), we explore the role that stock market liberalization plays in shaping firms' earnings management activities. In one direction, the national‐level liberalization reform may elicit public attention from various stakeholders, piling pressure on managers to refrain from distorting their firms' earnings. In the other direction, the various restrictions that the government imposes on foreign investors cast doubt on whether China's capital control reform will materially affect pilot firms' incentives and scope to manipulate their earnings. To gauge which force is more dominant, we rely on a staggered difference‐in‐differences research design and find that pilot firms significantly reduce the magnitude of their discretionary accruals and the incidence of financial reporting irregularities from the pre‐ to the post‐liberalization period, compared to non‐pilot firms during the same time frame. Additional analysis implies that externalities in the form of stricter external monitoring from the media, institutional investors, and auditors is the major mechanism that helps market liberalization curb firms' earnings management. Our research provides insight on the importance of financial global integration to firms' earnings management practices.