bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A robust method for fitting degree distributions of complex networks
Authors: Mannion Shane , MacCarron Pádraig 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This work introduces a method for fitting to the degree distributions of complex network datasets, such that the most appropriate distribution from a set of candidate distributions is chosen while maximizing the portion of the distribution to which the model is fit. Current methods for fitting to degree distributions in the literature are inconsistent and often assume a priori what distribution the data are drawn from. Much focus is given to fitting to the tail of the distribution, while a large portion of the distribution below the tail is ignored. It is important to account for these low degree nodes, as they play crucial roles in processes such as percolation. Here, we address these issues, using maximum likelihood estimators to fit to the entire dataset or close to it. This methodology is applicable to any network dataset (or discrete empirical dataset), and we test it on over 25 network datasets from a wide range of sources, achieving good fits in all but a few cases. We also demonstrate that numerical maximization of the likelihood performs better than commonly used analytical approximations. In addition, we have made available a Python package which can be used to apply this methodology.
Professionalism and professionalization in human resources (HR): HR practitioners as professionals and the organizational professional project
Authors: Syrigou Anna , Williams Steve 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article investigates how human resources (HR) practitioners operate, and understand themselves, as professionals, and considers the implications for understanding HR professionalization. Using rich, in-depth qualitative data collected from 20 in-depth interviews with experienced UK-based HR practitioners, and based on a largely phenomenological method, the research explores the nature of: the HR professional role, HR professional knowledge, HR professional ethics, and HR professional identity. It shows how HR professionalism is grounded in, and a product of, the organizational activities and experiences of practitioners themselves. There is a particular value attached to the operational and relational aspects of HR practitioners’ role, based on the importance of ensuring that their activities and interventions contribute to the functioning of their employing organizations, from which they seek to derive greater professional standing. Informed by a neo-Weberian approach, which emphasizes the dynamics of distinctive professional projects, the research draws attention to the ‘organizational’ dimension of HR professionalization. It offers an alternative way of understanding the professional project in HR, one that avoids viewing it either as a function of a strategic, business partnering agenda or contingent upon HR becoming less managerialist and more receptive of a wider range of stakeholders. The organizational focus of HR professionalism, and its operational character, should not simply be considered as obstacles to professionalization. Rather, they can be viewed as important features of the—‘organizational’—professional project evident in HR; a project which derives legitimacy from its connection to, and alignment with, the operations of practitioners’ employing organizations.
Trends in the incidence of thyroid cancer among US persons from 2000 to 2019
Authors: Yu Juebo 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing by 3% annually; however, the analysis was restricted to the period from 1973 to 2013, which could be changed in incidence trends over time. This study is to analyze trends in thyroid cancer incidence based on demographic and tumor characteristics at diagnosis using recent database.

Methods
We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database to assess thyroid cancer incidence rates and trends from 2000 to 2019. We compared incidence rates for thyroid cancer among US persons by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and economic status (SES) and identified trends using Joinpoint software.

Results
During 2000 to 2019, the overall thyroid cancer incidence was 13.22/100 000. This study found a decreasing trend in the incidence of thyroid cancer from 2014 to 2019 in the US with significant differences among age, sex, race and ethnicity, geographic region, SES, and tumor subtype. Specifically, the largest reduction in annual percentage changes in persons with all thyroid cancer and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) in 55–69 years, female, Black, highest SES, urban region, and non-Hispanic ethnicity groups were identified.

Conclusion
These results suggested that there is still a high epidemic of thyroid cancer in the US, whereas the rapidly increasing incidence rates of thyroid cancer have reversed since 2015, especially the incidence rates of PTC.
Timely assessment of 5-year relative survival for patients with thyroid cancer from Taizhou, eastern China: a period analysis
Authors: Huang Jiajia , Cao Jun , Zhang Luyao , Fang Meiyu , Cheng Yongran , Lu Da-Lin , Wang Liangyou , Chen Tianhui 
Published: July 2023

Background
While timely assessment of long-term survival in thyroid cancer patients is critical for assessing early detection and screening programs for thyroid cancer, those data are sorely lacking in China. We aimed to timely and accurately assess the long-term survival of thyroid cancer patients in eastern China.

Methods
Patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer during 2004–2018 from four cancer registries in Taizhou, eastern China were included. The 5-year relative survival was estimated by period analysis and stratified by sex, age at diagnosis, and region. The 5-year RS of thyroid cancer patients during 2019–2023 was also predicted using the model-based period analysis.

Results
During 2014–2018, the overall 5-year relative survival of thyroid cancer patients was 87.7%, 91.2% for women and 79.4% for men. The 5-year RS decreased along with increasing age at diagnosis, decreasing from 94.9% for age <45 years to 81.3% for age >74 years, while 5-year RS was higher in urban areas than in rural areas (93.2% vs. 86.1%). The 5-year RS for thyroid cancer patients improved greatly between 2004–2008 to 2014–2018. The predicted overall 5-year RS could reach 91.4% over the upcoming 2019–2023 period.

Conclusion
We provided, for the first time in China using period analysis, the most up-to-date 5-year RS for thyroid cancer patients from Taizhou, eastern China, which has important implications for timely evaluation on early detection and screening programs for patients with thyroid cancer in eastern China.
Sorghum bicolor probiotic beverage: does packaging material affect the quality parameters, probiotic survival, and sensory acceptance?
Authors: Fiori Aline Gouveia , Barão Carlos Eduardo , Marcolino Vanessa Aparecida , Pimentel Tatiana Colombo , Monteiro Antonio Roberto Giriboni 
Published: July 2023

SummaryPlant‐based probiotic beverages are gaining popularity among vegans, lactose intolerants, and those with milk‐protein allergies. Sorghum bicolor is a cereal rich in phytochemicals that can promote probiotic growth when malted. The packaging type may impact the characteristics and probiotic survival in plant‐based probiotic beverages. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different packaging materials (polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), and glass) on quality parameters, probiotic survival (Lacticaseibacillus casei), and sensory acceptance of strawberry‐flavoured probiotic sorghum‐based beverages. The packaging type did not affect the product's chemical composition, quality parameters, antioxidant activity, or probiotic survival. However, the products stored in PET and HDPE packaging showed a lower consistency index, higher dissolved oxygen concentration, improved probiotic survival to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and better sensory acceptance. Malted S. bicolor can be used to produce probiotic beverages with adequate probiotic survival and physicochemical parameters and reasonable sensory acceptance during 28 days of refrigerated storage.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Calculations of Moderator Heat and Fluid Flow of Small Modular Heavy Water Reactor
Authors: Korinek Tomas , Skoda Radek , Lovecky Martin , Burian Ondrej 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The heavy water reactor concept Teplator is a pressure channel type reactor with independent systems for the primary coolant and the moderator. The present study analyses the low-pressure moderator cooling system of Teplator during full-power operation. The moderator is heated from neutron thermalization, gamma rays absorption, fission product decay, and decay of activation products. Additionally, heat transfer from the coolant channels has to be taken in the analyses of the moderator cooling system. Preliminary thermal-hydraulic analyses of the cooling system are supplemented by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of heat and fluid flow in the moderator's vessel, emphasizing flow-type regimes. Results from CFD simulations showed that the buoyancy-dominated flow (case MF-22) resulted in a higher thermal stratification and high moderator temperature close to the upper plate of the moderator vessel. The inertia-dominated flow regime MF-90 resulted in good mixing of the moderator and a low thermal stratification in the vessel. Finally, the midmass flow rate regime MF-45 was identified as a transitional region from a buoyancy-dominated to a mix-type regime.
Neural Architectures for Feature Embedding in Person Re-Identification: A Comparative View
Authors: Domínguez-Martín Javier , Gómez-Silva María J. , Escalera Arturo De la 
Published: July 2023

Solving Person Re-Identification (Re-Id) through Deep Convolutional Neural Networks is a daunting challenge due to the small size and variety of the training data, especially in Single-Shot Re-Id, where only two images per person are available. The lack of training data causes the overfitting of the deep neural models, leading to degenerated performance.
This article explores a wide assortment of neural architectures that have been commonly used for object classification and analyzes their suitability in a Re-Id model. These architectures have been trained through a Triplet Model and evaluated over two challenging Single-Shot Re-Id datasets, PRID2011 and CUHK. This comparative study is aimed at obtaining the best-performing architectures and some concluding guidance to optimize the features embedding for the Re-Identification task. The obtained results present Inception-ResNet and DenseNet as potentially useful models, especially when compared with other methods, specifically designed for solving Re-Id.
Impact of long-acting buprenorphine injection on methamphetamine use: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Raza M , Abeysundera H , Branjerdporn G 
Published: July 2023

Objective The aim is to assess the impact of long-acting buprenorphine (LAI-BNP) on frequency of methamphetamine (MA) use. Methods We undertook an observational, descriptive, retrospective cohort study of patients of a public, tertiary, community-based Alcohol and Other Drug Service (AODS) with opioid use disorder (OUD) treated with LAI-BNP who are current or past users of MA. We assessed the changes of frequency of use in their MA use at start (baseline), 3 and 6 months of LAI-BNP. Results Study included 59 participants. Based on their MA use at the commencement of LAI-BNP, the sample was further sub-grouped as active users ( n = 30) and past users ( n = 29). At 6 months of LAI-BNP, all the past users remained abstinent from MA use. 70% ( n = 21) of participants with active MA use had reduced or ceased their MA use while 17% ( n = 5) increased their MA use at 6 months. Conclusions The results favour the use of LAI-BNP as a potential treatment for MA use.
Planning vascular access creation: The promising role of the kidney failure risk equation
Authors: Marques da Silva Bernardo , Dores Mariana , Silva Onassis , Pereira Marta , Outerelo Cristina , Fortes Alice , Lopes José António , Gameiro Joana 
Published: July 2023

Background: Planning for vascular access (VA) creation is essential in pre-dialysis patients although optimal timing for VA referral and placement is debatable. Guidelines suggest referral when eGFR is 15–20 mL/min/1.73 m2. This study aimed to validate the use of kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) in VA planning. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all adult patients with CKD who were referred for first VA placement, namely AVF or AVG, at a tertiary center, between January 2018 and December 2019. The four-variable KFRE was calculated. Start of KRT, mortality, and VA placement were assessed in a 2-year follow-up. We used Cox regression to predict KRT start and calculated the ROC curve. Results: 256 patients were included and 64.5% were male, mean age was 70.4 ± 12.9 years and mean eGFR was 16.09 ± 10.43 mL/min/1.73 m2. One hundred fifty-nine patients required KRT (62.1%) and 72 (28.1%) died in the 2-year follow-up. The KFRE accurately predicted KRT start within 2-years (38.3 ± 23.8% vs 17.6 ± 20.9%, p < 0.001; HR 1.05 95% CI (1.06–1.12), p < 0.001), with an auROC of 0.788 ( p < 0.001, 95% CI (0.733–0.837)). The optimal KFRE cut-off was >20%, with a HR of 9.2 (95% CI (5.06–16.60), p < 0.001). Patients with KFRE ⩾ 20% had a significant lower mean time from VA consult to KRT initiation (10.8 ± 9.4 vs 15.6 ± 10.3 months, p < 0.001). On a sub-analysis of patients with an eGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, a KFRE ⩾ 20% was also a significant predictor of 2-year start of KRT, with an HR of 6.61 (95% CI (3.49–12.52), p < 0.001). Conclusion: KFRE accurately predicted 2-year KRT start in this cohort of patients. A KFRE ⩾ 20% can help to establish higher priority patients for VA placement. The authors suggest referral for VA creation when eGFR < 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and KFRE ⩾ 20%.
Searching for protein variants with desired properties using deep generative models
Authors: Li Yan , Yao Yinying , Xia Yu , Tang Mingjing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Protein engineering aims to improve the functional properties of existing proteins to meet people’s needs. Current deep learning-based models have captured evolutionary, functional, and biochemical features contained in amino acid sequences. However, the existing generative models need to be improved when capturing the relationship between amino acid sites on longer sequences. At the same time, the distribution of protein sequences in the homologous family has a specific positional relationship in the latent space. We want to use this relationship to search for new variants directly from the vicinity of better-performing varieties.

Results
To improve the representation learning ability of the model for longer sequences and the similarity between the generated sequences and the original sequences, we propose a temporal variational autoencoder (T-VAE) model. T-VAE consists of an encoder and a decoder. The encoder expands the receptive field of neurons in the network structure by dilated causal convolution, thereby improving the encoding representation ability of longer sequences. The decoder decodes the sampled data into variants closely resembling the original sequence.

Conclusion
Compared to other models, the person correlation coefficient between the predicted values of protein fitness obtained by T-VAE and the truth values was higher, and the mean absolute deviation was lower. In addition, the T-VAE model has a better representation learning ability for longer sequences when comparing the encoding of protein sequences of different lengths. These results show that our model has more advantages in representation learning for longer sequences. To verify the model’s generative effect, we also calculate the sequence identity between the generated data and the input data. The sequence identity obtained by T-VAE improved by 12.9% compared to the baseline model.
Conceptual inspiration from heritage: the design philosophy surrounding the Saudi Arabian Rowshan
Authors: Alhuseini Majedh F. , Altammam Ghadah A. , AlSehaimi Bashayer R. , Bettaieb Donia M. , Alawad Abeer A. , Tarim Khawlah J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRowshan is a distinctive architectural element and a primary component of the façades of traditional houses in western Saudi Arabia. It is window type primarily made from wood and is incorporated in contemporary architecture to express the identity of the Hejazi architectural heritage without the realization of the advantages of this rich architectural element. This study examines the Rowshan design philosophy by identifying its visual, functional, and structural determinants, and applying them to a model to reflect it in a modern context. The study adopts an analytical approach in addition to interviewing elders who lived in traditional houses. The results show that the Rowshan philosophy must apply all its structural, functional, and aesthetic characteristics like seating function, privacy, visual continuity, use of light, exploitation for shade, and the use of ornamental patterns and, openings, while adopting modularity, flexibility, and adaptability as important principles in its composition. This design philosophy can be a fundamental resource for creative designs to preserve Hejazi architectural identity. This study aims to renew interest in Rowshan elements in contemporary houses in the Mecca region and highlights the advantages of this unique architectural element by applying the Rowshan design philosophy.
Multivariate data analysis: Validation of an instrument for the evaluation of teaching digital competence
Authors: Cisneros-Barahona Andrés Santiago , Marqués-Molías Luis , Samaniego-Erazo Nicolay , Mejía-Granizo Catalina , De la Cruz-Fernández Gabriela 
Published: July 2023

Background: Technology plays a fundamental role to achieve higher education key learning objectives. Digital competence (DC) is defined as a set of skills, knowledge, abilities, and attitudes in technological aspects. It is necessary to employ an effective training action plan in higher education institutions to advance towards a level of teaching digital competence (TDC). The objective of this study was to validate the COMDID A instrument to assess Teaching Digital Competence (TDC) of active teachers, through a confirmatory factor and internal reliability analysis. Methods: The research was developed within a descriptive-correlational scope and a non-experimental-cross-sectional design to validate the dimensionality and reliability of the COMDID A instrument and evaluate the self-perceived digital competence of active teachers. The population was made up of 690 professors who were part of the teaching staff of the National University of Chimborazo, Ecuador, in the first academic period of the year 2021. The sample was probabilistic, in a simple random scheme, the percentage of potential error admitted was 3%. The representativeness of the sample was 50%, and the confidence level was 97%. A total of 511 teachers completed the questionnaire compared to the 452 individuals needed. Results: The instrument was robust, and it was reliable for the calculated sample. There were correlations between the variables, and the statistical calculation ensured the development of the multivariate analysis to validate the dimensionality of the instrument. Moreover, the correct dimensionality was determined through a confirmatory analysis and high reliability of the instrument. Conclusions: The calculated factorial scores were defined in order for further studies to be carried out. It is important to apply confirmatory factor analysis in educational technology research to validate the dimensionality of data collection instruments.
Ecosystem of School Education Quality
Authors: Elistratova K. 
Published: July 2023

The article analyzes the concepts of «ecosystem» and «ecosystem approach», their evolution in the field of business, economics, education, the possibility of using the potential of the ecosystem approach in relation to the design and organization of the educational process at school as a cross-multidimensional phenomenon. A detailed interpretation of the methodology of the cross-multidimensional educational process in a secondary school as a result of interaction and intersection of various spaces and environments is given. The article also presents and discusses the results of a survey of teaching staff of secondary schools in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region on the formation and development of the ecosystem of a cross-multidimensional educational process at school. On the basis of theoretical and experimental studies, generalizing conclusions are formulated, prospects for further study of the phenomenon of «ecosystem of the cross-multidimensional educational process in school» are determined.
Highly efficient numerical algorithm for nonlinear space variable order fractional reaction-diffusion models
Authors: Yousuf Muhammad , Sarwar Shahzad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a new novel highly efficient numerical method for non-linear variable order space fractional reaction-diffusion equations. The method is developed using Gaussian quadrature pole rational approximation instead of Padé rational approximation to avoid complex arithmetic. Issues related to computational efficiency and stability of the method are addressed using partial fraction decomposition technique and an easy to implement algorithm is developed. Two linear systems are required to be solved with the same real-valued discretization matrix. The stability and convergence of the method is discussed analytically and demonstrated through numerical experiments by solving some test problems from the literature. The effects of variable order diffusion on the solution profiles are illustrated through graphs. Finally, numerical experiments demonstrate the superiority of the presented method in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy, and reliability.
MSC Classification: 26A33 , 35K57 , 65M12
AXIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF ORTHODOX CULTURE
Authors: Гераськина О.А. 
Published: July 2023

Рассматриваются ценностные установки православной культуры в аспекте понятийного ряда ценностей: «еловек и его жизнь», «семья», «Родина», «мир», «красота», «труд», «знание», «святыня». Приведенный анализ основывается на библейских текстах, святоотеческой литературе, трудах философов и педагогов.
The article examines the values of Orthodox culture in the aspect of the conceptual series of values: Man and his Life, Family, Motherland, Peace, Beauty, Labor, Knowledge, Holiness. The analysis is based on biblical texts, patristic literature, works of philosophers and educators.