bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid flows induced in a rotating drum with different fill ratios
Authors: Lee Daeun , Lee Jaebeen , Choi Seok Min , Lee Sangtak , Park Hyungmin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the present study, we experimentally investigate the liquid flow induced in a rotating drum (cylindrical tank with a short aspect ratio) aligned horizontally, focusing on the variation in the time-averaged and fluctuating flow structures with different fill ratios. For each fill ratio, controlled by varying the water height, we measure the velocity fields at different cross-sectional planes with particle image velocimetry while varying the rotational speed of the drum. Compared to the condition of a fill ratio of 1.0, in which the liquid inside the drum rotates forming a large-scale (solid-body rotation) organized flow structure, a substantial asymmetric flow structure shows up in partially-filled conditions driven by the imbalance between (i) the momentum diffusion along the radial direction and the centrifugal acceleration, and (ii) the downward (gravitational) flux of the induced flow. In addition to the mean flow structure, we examine the fluctuating velocity fields together with the dynamics of the free surface, and we also briefly discuss the difference between the liquid flow and granular (particle) flow in a partially-filled drum. We think that the present results provide valuable insights on the partially-filled liquid drum toward various engineering applications.
Tomato ripeness and stem recognition based on improved YOLOX
Authors: Li Yanwen , Li Juxia , Luo Lei , Wang Lingqi , Zhi Qingyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
To address the challenges of unbalanced class labels with varying maturity levels of tomato fruits and low recognition accuracy for both fruits and stems in intelligent harvesting, we propose the YOLOX-SE-GIoU model for identifying tomato fruit maturity and stems. The SE focus module was incorporated into YOLOX to improve the identification accuracy, addressing the imbalance in the number of tomato fruits and stems. Additionally, we optimized the loss function to GIoU loss to minimize discrepancies across different scales of fruits and stems. The mean average precision (mAP) of the improved YOLOX-SE-GIoU model reaches 92.17%. Compared to YOLOv4, YOLOv5, YOLOv7, and YOLOX models, the improved model shows an improvement of 1.17–22.21%. The average precision (AP) for unbalanced semi-ripe tomatoes increased by 1.68–26.66%, while the AP for stems increased by 3.78–45.03%. Experimental results demonstrate that the YOLOX-SE-GIoU model exhibits superior overall recognition performance for unbalanced and scale-variant samples compared to the original model and other models in the same series. It effectively reduces false and missed detections during tomato harvesting, improving the identification accuracy of tomato fruits and stems. The findings of this work provide a technical foundation for developing advanced fruit harvesting techniques.
Fig abscission as a defense mechanism of Ficus trees against parasitism by non-pollinating fig wasps
Authors: Lin Shang-Yang , Di Giusto Bruno , Bain Anthony 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
How does the fig tree Ficus benguetensis protect its investment in the production of figs and pollinating fig wasps against parasitism from non-pollinating fig wasps? This study documents a previously overlooked defense mechanism: fig abscission—the natural shedding of the fig fruit as a defense mechanism. Our bagging experiments showed that both the absence of pollination and high parasitism levels lead to the abortion of F. benguetensis figs, with positive correlations between parasitism levels, increased abscission rates, and decreased pollinator production. Moreover, we found that high parasitism corresponds to shortened fig development periods until abscission, while medium parasitism levels result in fewer pollinators. Our findings suggest that abscission may function as a resource conservation strategy, as most of the tree’s investment in the figs occurs post-pollination. This study uncovers for the first time the use of fig abscission as a unique defense against non-pollinating fig wasp parasites, broadening our understanding of plant defense mechanisms within mutualistic interactions.
Understanding tinnitus symptom dynamics and clinical improvement through intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Engelke Milena , Simões Jorge Piano , Basso Laura , Wunder Nina , Langguth Berthold , Probst Thomas , Pryss Rüdiger , Schlee Winfried 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Intensive longitudinal sampling enhances subjective data collection by capturing real-time, dynamic inputs in natural settings, complementing traditional methods. This study evaluates the feasibility of using daily self-reported app data to assess clinical improvement among tinnitus patients undergoing treatment. App data from a multi-center randomized clinical trial were analysed using time-series feature extraction and nested cross-validated ordinal regression with elastic net regulation to predict clinical improvement based on the Clinical Global Impression—Improvement scale (CGI-I). With 50% app compliance (N = 129, 8480 entries), the model demonstrated good fit to the test data (McFadden R2 = 0.82) suggesting its generalizability. Clinical improvement was associated with linear declines in tinnitus-related thoughts, jaw tension, tinnitus loudness, increases in happiness, and variability changes in tinnitus loudness and distress. These findings suggest that daily self-reported data on tinnitus symptoms is sensitive to treatment response and provides insights into specific symptom changes that occur during treatment.
Evolutionary plasticity and functional repurposing of the essential metabolic enzyme MoeA
Authors: Megrian Daniela , Martinez Mariano , Alzari Pedro M. , Wehenkel Anne Marie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
MoeA, also known as gephyrin in higher eukaryotes, is an enzyme essential for molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis and involved in GABA and GlyR receptor clustering at the synapse in animals. We recently discovered that Actinobacteria have a repurposed version of MoeA (Glp) linked to bacterial cell division. Since MoeA exists in all domains of life, our study explores how it gained multifunctionality over time. We use phylogenetic inference and protein structure analyses to study its diversity and evolutionary history. Glp-expressing Bacteria have at least two copies of the gene, and analysis of their putative active sites suggests that Glp lost its enzymatic role. In Archaea, we find an ancestral duplication, with one paralog that may bind tungsten instead of molybdenum. Early eukaryotes acquired MoeA from Bacteria, MogA fused with MoeA in the opisthokont ancestors, and it finally gained roles in anchoring inhibitory neurotransmitters. Our findings highlight MoeA’s functional versatility and repurposing.
Stable centromere association of the yeast histone variant Cse4 requires its essential N-terminal domain
Authors: Popchock Andrew R , Hedouin Sabrine , Mao Yizi , Asbury Charles L , Stergachis Andrew B , Biggins Sue 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Chromosome segregation relies on kinetochores that assemble on specialized centromeric chromatin containing a histone H3 variant. In budding yeast, a single centromeric nucleosome containing Cse4 assembles at a sequence-defined 125 bp centromere. Yeast centromeric sequences are poor templates for nucleosome formation in vitro, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that specifically stabilize Cse4 nucleosomes in vivo. The extended Cse4 N-terminal tail binds to the chaperone Scm3, and a short essential region called END within the N-terminal tail binds the inner kinetochore complex Okp1/Ame1. To address the roles of these interactions, we utilized single-molecule fluorescence assays to monitor Cse4 during kinetochore assembly. We found that Okp1/Ame1 and Scm3 independently stabilize Cse4 at centromeres via their END interaction. Scm3 and Cse4 stability at the centromere are enhanced by Ipl1/Aurora B phosphorylation of the Cse4 END, identifying a previously unknown role for Ipl1 in ensuring Cse4 stability. Strikingly, a phosphomimetic mutation in the Cse4 END restores Cse4 recruitment in mutants defective in Okp1/Ame1 binding. Together, these data suggest that a key function of the essential Cse4 N-terminus is to ensure Cse4 localization at centromeres.
Low‐profile circular‐polarized fractal antenna design with reduced orbital angular momentum beam divergence
Authors: Barros T. A. C. , Fontgalland G. , Teixeira F. L. , Silva P. H. F. , Oliveira E. E. C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe authors introduce a novel low‐profile circular‐polarized three‐layer fractal antenna design to reduce beam divergence in orbital angular momentum (OAM) applications at microwave frequencies. The top layer of the proposed design has a printed Koch fractal antenna that is coupled to a rotated rectangular patch antenna in the mid‐layer fed through a microstrip line. The bottom layer consists of a metallic ground plane to improve beam collimation. The antenna was developed from a new fractal geometry generated in Scilab™. Characteristic mode theory was used in the antenna design to obtain two orthogonal current modes in quadrature that generate circular polarization with OAM fields of order l = –1 at 5.88 GHz. The proposed fractal antenna system has good potential to improve the performance of microwave OAM systems.
PAStar: A model for stellar surface from the Sun to active stars
Authors: Petralia Antonino , Maldonado Jesús , Micela Giuseppina 
Published: January 2025

Context. The characterisation of exoplanets requires a good description of the host star. Stellar activity acts as a source of noise, which can alter planet radii as derived from the transit depth or atmospheric characterisation.
Aims. Here, we propose PAStar, a model to describe photospheric activity in the form of spots and faculae, which could be applied to a wide range of stellar observations, from photometric to spectroscopic time series, making it possible to correctly extract planetary and stellar properties.
Methods. The adopted stellar atmosphere is a combination of three components: the quiet photosphere, spots, and faculae. The model takes into account the effects of star inclination and Doppler shifts due to stellar rotation and limb darkening, which is independent for each component. Several synthetic products have been presented to show the capabilities of the model.
Results. The model is able to retrieve the input surface-inhomogeneity configuration through photometric or spectroscopic observations. The model has been validated against optical solar data and compared to alternative stellar surface activity models; for example SOAP code. The Sun is a unique laboratory to test stellar models because of the possibility to unambiguously relate flux variations to surface inhomogeneities’ configuration. This validation has been done by analysing a photometric time series from the Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations (VIRGO) photometer on-board Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission. Results have been compared to real solar images from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) to confirm the goodness of the results in terms of surface inhomogeneities’ positions and dimensions.
Conclusions. The description of stellar activity is a fundamental step in several astrophysical contexts and it is covered by the method we present. Our model offers a flexible and valuable tool to describe the activity of stars when it is dominated by spots and faculae.
Ultranarrow-linewidth stimulated Brillouin scattering with fundamental acoustic waves
Authors: Xu Wendao , Zerbib Maxime , Iyer Arjun , Huy Kien Phan , Beugnot Jean-Charles , Renninger William H. 
Published: January 2025

Stimulated Brillouin scattering is a well-known nonlinear optical interaction valued for applications including narrow-linewidth lasers, phase conjugation, sensing, and RF-signal processing such as delay lines and filters. While interaction strength and linewidth directly affect device performance, most strongly interacting Brillouin systems have linewidths of many MHz, limited by the high frequency of the participating acoustic waves. By engineering Forward Inter-Modal Brillouin interactions to access the Fundamental Acoustic Modes (FIM-FAM), strong Brillouin coupling can be extended over a wide frequency range, including lower frequencies that support significantly narrower linewidths. In this work, sub-MHz Brillouin linewidths as narrow as 110 kHz are observed in tapered optical fibers with homogeneous waists. Tight confinement of both the optical and acoustic waves yields Brillouin gains over a thousand times higher than traditional backward Brillouin scattering in standard fibers, and a long waist and low-loss transitions enable a Brillouin interaction strength nearly a hundred times greater than prior taper-based FIM-FAM demonstrations. A specific radius and comprehensive polarization control suppress background scattering by over 40 dB relative to the signal. A comprehensive theoretical model is developed accounting for the dynamical behavior of optical and acoustic waves, reproducing qualitative behavior for several experimental configurations. In addition, the dependence of homogeneity of the linewidth is investigated and reveals a route toward further linewidth reduction by controlling phase-matched frequency variations throughout the waist. Extending strongly coupled Brillouin interactions to ultranarrow linewidths with a recipe for fabrication, detailed characterization techniques, and a comprehensive theoretical treatment will benefit high-performance Brillouin-based photonic applications.
Design and implementation of optics for the experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping (EXCLAIM)
Authors: Essinger-Hileman Thomas , Chmaytelli Danny , Oxholm Trevor , Parekh Tatsat , Siebert Gage , Switzer Eric R. , Watson Joseph , Barlis Alyssa , Barrentine Emily M. , Beeman Jeffrey , Chung Christine , Cursey Paul , Dahal Sumit , Datta Rahul , Ehsan Negar , Glenn Jason , Golec Joseph , Lennon Andrew , Lowe Luke N. , McMahon Jeffrey , Rahmani Maryam , Timbie Peter , Tretheway Bruce , Tucker Carole , Volpert Carolyn , Wollack Edward J. 
Published: January 2025

This work describes the design and implementation of optics for EXCLAIM, the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping. EXCLAIM is a balloon-borne telescope that will measure integrated line emission from carbon monoxide at redshifts z &lt; 1 and ionized carbon ([CII]) at redshifts z = 2.5 − 3.5 to probe star formation over cosmic time in cross-correlation with galaxy redshift surveys. The EXCLAIM instrument is designed to observe at frequencies of 420–540 GHz using six microfabricated silicon integrated spectrometers with spectral resolving power R = 512 coupled to kinetic inductance detectors. A completely cryogenic telescope cooled to a temperature below 5 K provides low-background observations between narrow atmospheric lines in the stratosphere. Off-axis reflective optics use a 90-cm primary mirror to provide 4.2′ full-width at half-maximum resolution at the center of the EXCLAIM band over a field of view of 22.5′. Illumination of the 1.7 K cold stop combined with blackened baffling at multiple places in the optical system ensures low (&lt;−40 dB) edge illumination of the primary to minimize spill onto warmer elements at the top of the dewar.
Dialogic framing in pharmaceutical corporate energy transition
strategies
Authors: Incelli Ersilia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study explores dialogical framing as an engagement device in
the two genres of corporate reports and corporate websites, by focusing on the
nature and extent of dialogicity between companies and stakeholders, crucial to
corporate strategies. Today investors and stakeholders increasingly demand
greater transparency in accounting for long-term climate risks and
opportunities, consequently companies need to rapidly adjust to the global
‘energy transition’, i.e. the shift from fossil-based energy towards renewable
energy sources. For this purpose, the study seeks to identify how firms frame
their energy transition plans, through dialogical engagement. To do this, three
sub-corpora of selected texts were created from two pharmaceutical company
websites, which were then comparatively analysed adopting corpus retrieval
principles of analysis.
Spreading of valency patterns across dialects
Authors: Stoynova Natalia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The paper deals with variation in argument encoding attested in Evenki dialects. Evenki (Tungusic) is spoken in a
large area throughout Siberia and manifests a high dialectal diversity. I consider 9 verbs with variable argument encoding
strategies across 15 Evenki dialects. The main data on 6 dialects were obtained from two corpora of Evenki, supplementary data
come from grammatical descriptions. The cluster analysis of variation in argument encoding shows the following results. Clusters
of dialects based on valency patterns do not match the existing classification of Evenki dialects. At the same time, they
correlate much better with the areal distribution of the dialects and with the presence/absence of contact with other languages.
This supports the claim that valency patterns are diachronically unstable and tend to be easily borrowed.
Strain engineering tuned vibrational dynamics of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Kaushik Santoshkumar , Dhori Bhautik R , Patel Saurav , Patel Paras , Jha Prafulla K , Mehta Prashant K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Controlling vibrational modes and energy gap by creating van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures through strain engineering is a novel approach to tailor the vibrational and electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials. Numerous theoretical and experimental studies have significantly contributed to analysing the properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), known for their multifunctional applications. In this study, we investigate the strain and stacking dependent vibrational properties of WSe2/MoSe2 and MoSe2/WSe2/MoSe2 vdW heterostructures using first-principles based density functional theory calculations. The dynamical stability of all vdW heterostructures makes them feasible in fabrication. Our phonon calculations and zone centre phonon modes analysis signify that the interlayer interaction influences interlayer breathing and shear phonon modes, which play an important role in thermal properties. The effect of strain engineering on the vibrational modes and energy gap of vdW heterostructures are further discussed. The tensile and compressive biaxial strain on the vdW heterostructures results in phonon softening and hardening, respectively.
Reconstruction of water entry cavity by OECT through combining field transformation and group-based sparse representation
Authors: Shen Mengxian , Sun Jiangtao , Suo Peng , Liang Te , Yuan Zitang , Han Yongxuan , Wang Yadong , Li Changwen , Xu Lijun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Due to the fact that a water entry cavity directly affects the hydrodynamic characteristics of underwater vehicles, its monitoring is crucial for controlling the motion stability of the vehicles. However, there is limited research on the visualization and measurement of cavities during vehicle motion. Based on open-electrical capacitance tomography, this article presents an image reconstruction method to measure the water entry cavity by combining field transformation and group-based sparse representation (FT-GSR). To address the openness of the cavity measurement domain, a FT method is proposed that unifies open- and closed-domain image reconstruction while reducing the dimensionality of the unknowns to be resolved and the computational complexity of the forward problem. To achieve high-resolution reconstruction, a GSR method is proposed that utilizes global sparsity and neighborhood self-similarity in the reconstructed image, which shows good performance in simulation. Finally, water entry experiments were conducted to validate the performance of the proposed method. Images captured by a high-speed camera were used as references to assess the accuracy of the calculated equivalent cavity diameter. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can outperform typical reconstruction methods while maintaining computational cost. Based on the aforementioned performance, the proposed method is anticipated to be integrated into system-on-chip technology to enable real-time, high-precision monitoring of the water entry cavity.
Hydrophobic PU fabric with synergistic conductive networks for boosted high sensitivity, wide linear-range wearable strain sensor
Authors: Ma Yanyan , Wan Kening , Huang Yuwen , Feng Qichun , Du Zhaofang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Strain sensing fabrics are able to sense the deformation of the outside world, bringing more accurate and real-time monitoring and feedback to users. However, due to the lack of clear sensing mechanism for high sensitivity and high linearity carbon matrix composites, the preparation of high performance strain sensing fabric weaving is still a major challenge. Here, an elastic polyurethane (PU)-based conductive fabric (GCPU) with high sensitivity, high linearity and good hydrophobicity is prepared by a novel synergistic conductive network strategy. The GCPU fabric consists of graphene sheets (GS)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) elastic conductive layer and a PU elastic substrate. GS and CNTs can be constructed into a synergistic conductive network, and the fabric is endowed with high conductivity (1.193 S m−1). Simulated equivalent circuits show that GS in the conductive network will break violently under applied strain, making the GCPU fabric extremely sensitive (gauge factor 102). CNTs are spatially distributed in GS lamellae, avoiding the phenomenon that the constructed synergistic conductive network is violently fractured under the applied strain, which leads to the decrease of linearity (0.996). Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) was used as a dispersant and binder to uniformly disperse and closely bond GS and CNTs into PU fabrics. In addition, the hydrophobicity of SEBS makes the GCPU fabric resistant to water environment (The contact angle is 123°). Due to the good mechanical stability of GCPU fabric, GCPU fabric has a wide strain range (0%–50%) and high cycle stability (over 1000 cycles). In practice, GCPU fabric can accurately simulate and detect the size and deformation motion of human body. Therefore, the successful construction of elastic fabrics with synergistic conductive networks provides a feasible path for the design and manufacture of wearable intelligent fabrics.
Serum metabolic fingerprinting on Ag@AuNWs for traumatic brain injury diagnosis
Authors: Qiang Jing-ling , Liu Yan-ling , Zhu Jian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is very important for high quality medical services. Nonetheless, the current diagnostic platform still has challenges in the rapid and accurate analysis of clinical samples. Here, we prepared a highly stable, repeatable and sensitive gold-plated silver core–shell nanowire (Ag@AuNWs) for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) metabolic fingerprint diagnosis of TBI. The core–shell structure significantly enhanced SERS intensity and enables the direct detection of 10 μl serum within seconds. The principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and partial least squares-DA (PLS-DA) are used to evaluate the classification effect of this technology on TBI, respectively. The diagnosis accuracy rate of PCA-LDA and PLS-DA is 73.3% and 86.7% for diagnosing TBI, respectively. Consequently, the PLS-DA model is the optimal selection for distinguishing between the TBI and sham groups. This research will facilitate the application-oriented creation of novel materials with tailored structural designs and the formulation of innovative precision medical protocols in the imminent future.