bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of treatment with dental space maintainers after the early extraction of the second primary molar: a systematic review
Authors: Tabatabai Tuka , Kjellberg Heidrun 
Published: March 2023

Summary

Background
Early loss of second primary molars may lead to different malocclusions, mainly caused by the mesial migration of the first permanent molar. To prevent space loss in the dental arch, different types of space maintainers (SM) are used.

Objectives
The main objective of this systematic review is to examine the evidence in the literature regarding the effect of SM, including the clinical effect, risk of developing caries and periodontal disease, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness after the premature loss of the second primary molar in children.

Search methods
The present systematic review was made according to PRISMA. The literature search was performed using four databases (last search 30/8/2022): PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Web of Science.

Selection criteria
The studies included were randomized controlled trials, economic evaluations, and non-randomized clinical studies with a defined control group.

Data collection and analysis
Data collected by the two authors were in regard to reports, studies, participants, research designs, and interventions. The assessment of the risk of bias was made using the ROBINSON-I tool.

Results
The search yielded 1058 articles after the removal of duplicates. Two studies were included in the final review with a moderate risk of bias, and measured space changes in the dental arch and the periodontal status of patients treated with SM. The main results indicate that treatment with SM can preserve arch length, but also cause an increase in plaque accumulation and other periodontal parameters. However, there is an overall lack of scientific evidence regarding the effect of the treatment.

Limitations
No studies that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were found on cost-effectiveness, risk of caries development, and patient satisfaction.

Conclusions
The scientific evidence is lacking regarding the clinical effect, cost effect, and side-effects such as caries and periodontal disease when using SM in children with a premature loss of the second primary molar.

Registration
PROSPERO Registration (CRD 42021290130).
Reversal agents for current and forthcoming direct oral anticoagulants
Authors: van Es Nick , De Caterina Raffaele , Weitz Jeffrey I 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the past 20 years, there has been a shift from vitamin K antagonists to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which include the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the factor Xa inhibitors apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban. Although DOACs are associated with less serious bleeding than vitamin K antagonists, bleeding still occurs with DOACs, particularly in the elderly and in those with comorbidities. Reversal of the anticoagulant effects of the DOACs may be needed in patients with serious bleeding and in those requiring urgent surgery or intervention. Reversal can be effected with specific agents, such as idarucizumab for dabigatran and andexanet alfa for apixaban, edoxaban, and rivaroxaban, or with non-specific agents, such as prothrombin complex concentrates, activated prothrombin complex concentrate, and recombinant activated factor VII. This paper (i) provides an update on when and how to reverse the DOACs, (ii) describes new reversal agents under development, and (iii) provides a strategic framework for the reversal of the factor XI inhibitors currently under investigation in phase three clinical trials.
General practitioners’ views on cardiovascular prevention for ethnic minorities—a qualitative study in the Netherlands
Authors: van Apeldoorn Joshua A N , Roozekrans Alet K , Harskamp Ralf E , Richard Edo , Agyemang Charles , Moll van Charante Eric P 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
While ethnic minorities in Europe are disproportionally affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD), little is known about how general practitioners (GPs) perceive differences in risk or care needs across ethnic minority groups. Therefore, we explored GPs’ views on whether ethnicity influences cardiovascular risk, whether a culturally sensitive approach is warranted, on potential barriers in the provision of such care, and to find potential opportunities to improve cardiovascular prevention for these groups.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study by interviewing GPs practising in The Netherlands. The interviews were semistructured, audio-recorded, and analysed by 2 researchers using thematic analysis.

Results
We interviewed 24 Dutch GPs (50% male). GPs’ views on the impact of ethnicity on CVD risk varied widely, yet it was generally recognized as a relevant factor in cardiovascular prevention for most minority groups, prompting earlier case-finding of high-risk patients. While GPs were aware of sociocultural differences, they emphasized an individualized approach. Perceived limitations were language barriers and unfamiliarity with sociocultural customs, leading to a need for continuing medical education on culturally sensitive care and reimbursement of telephone interpreting services.

Conclusion
Dutch GPs have differing views on the role of ethnicity in evaluating and treating cardiovascular risk. Despite these differences, they emphasized the importance of a personalized and culturally sensitive approach during patient consultations and expressed a need for continuing medical education. Additional research on how ethnicity influences CVD risk may strengthen cardiovascular prevention in increasingly diverse primary care populations.
Experiences and influences of online health information-seeking about statin use in patients with high cardiovascular risk: a qualitative study
Authors: Lim Hooi Min , Ng Chirk Jenn , Dunn Adam G , Abdullah Adina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesOnline health information (OHI) has been shown to influence patients’ health decisions and behaviours. OHI about statins has created confusion among healthcare professionals and the public. This study explored the views and experiences of patients with high cardiovascular risk on OHI-seeking about statins and how OHI influenced their decision.DesignThis was a qualitative study using semi-structured in-depth interviews. An interpretive description approach with thematic analysis was used for data analysis.SettingAn urban primary care clinic in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.ParticipantsPatients aged 18 years and above who had high cardiovascular risk and sought OHI on statins were recruited.ResultsA total of 20 participants were interviewed. The age of the participants ranged from 38 to 74 years. Twelve (60%) participants took statins for primary cardiovascular disease prevention. The duration of statin use ranged from 2 weeks to 30 years. Six themes emerged from the data analysis: (i) seeking OHI throughout the disease trajectory, (ii) active and passive approaches to seeking OHI, (iii) types of OHI, (iv) views about statin-related OHI, (v) influence of OHI on patients’ health decisions, and (vi) patient–doctor communication about OHI.ConclusionThis study highlights the changing information needs throughout patient journeys, suggesting the opportunity to provide needs-oriented OHI to patients. Unintentional passive exposure to OHI appears to have an influence on patients’ adherence to statins. The quality of patient–doctor communication in relation to OHI-seeking behaviour remains a critical factor in patient decision-making.
Improving a solar collector's efficiency by selecting the composition of the working fluid used
Authors: Alshuraiaan Bader 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe study's purpose was to determine the efficiency, as well as the energy and exergy analysis of the vacuum tube solar collector when using a mixture of water with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes in the selected percentage ratio as the working fluid. By varying the concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the working fluid from 0.05 to 0.15 wt.%, it was found that the maximum efficiency is achieved at a Fe3O4 content equal to 0.1 wt.%. At this concentration, the ratio of Fe3O4 and multiwall carbon nanotubes in the mixture varied from 4:1 to 1:4. It was found that the Fe3O4/multiwall carbon nanotubes ratio (1:4) can increase the efficiency of the solar collector up to 84%. Exergy analysis performed showed that water without the addition of nanoparticles Fe3O4 and multiwall carbon nanotubes was characterized by the maximum values of exergy destruction and entropy generation at any level of solar radiation, and water with the addition of nanoparticles Fe3O4/multiwall carbon nanotubes in a ratio of 1:4 was characterized by the minimum values of exergy destruction and entropy generation.
Absent Mothers: A Folkloric Reading of the Exclusionary Practices of Writing IR's Canonical History
Authors: Starnes Kathryn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWomen's exclusion from the international relations (IR) canon has been widely documented, and many have undertaken to systematically address these exclusions. However, consideration of how women's exclusion is written into canonical texts is less well explored. This paper draws on folkloric approaches to understanding canon constitution to perform a close reading of disciplinary history texts. This paper considers these texts in parallel to Cinderella stories to understand the absence of “founding mothers” and illuminate how women's exclusion has been written into the canon as a natural absence. This paper builds on the growing literature about women's exclusion to document the specific ways in which how we write can reiterate exclusions within the canon. This is relevant to understanding these historical practices of exclusion and to reconsidering how we write the contemporary IR canon.
What Do We Learn about War and Peace from Women International Thinkers?
Authors: Sluga Glenda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to ask what can we learn about war and peace from women international thinkers? As I will show, new and old historical evidence of women thinkers points us in directions that suggest, first, the privations women regularly faced in order to make their arguments against the background of actual war, addressing both the more conventional “women's” topic of peace and the often masculinized controversies of the nature of violence. This same history sounds out the range and changing (gendered) registers of international thought, including the diminished tones of peace as a defining objective. Then there are the diverse locations of specifically women's international thought, from manifestos to pamphlets and newspaper articles to published tomes. These lead us to the intersecting political and intellectual networks of activism and influence that colored the intertextual referentiality that thinking generated. Finally, I will argue that the evidence at hand, and the related examples it connects to, underscores the broad transnational European settings of the texts that specifically address war and peace. It even suggests, as I suggest, that the borders of that transnationalism extended not only across the Atlantic, but also through the entangled continental political histories of Western Europe and Russia. In the twenty-first century, these contours of the history of women's international thought remain relevant, not least because they pose the question for us, what difference have women thinkers made?
A red giant orbiting a black hole
Authors: El-Badry Kareem , Rix Hans-Walter , Cendes Yvette , Rodriguez Antonio C , Conroy Charlie , Quataert Eliot , Hawkins Keith , Zari Eleonora , Hobson Melissa , Breivik Katelyn , Rau Arne , Berger Edo , Shahaf Sahar , Seeburger Rhys , Burdge Kevin B , Latham David W , Buchhave Lars A , Bieryla Allyson , Bashi Dolev , Mazeh Tsevi , Faigler Simchon 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We report spectroscopic and photometric follow-up of a dormant black hole (BH) candidate from Gaia DR3. The system, which we call Gaia BH2, contains a ∼1 M⊙ red giant and a dark companion with mass $M_2 = 8.9\pm 0.3\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$ that is very likely a BH. The orbital period, Porb = 1277 d, is much longer than that of any previously studied BH binary. Our radial velocity (RV) follow-up over a 7-month period spans &gt;90 per cent of the orbit’s RV range and is in excellent agreement with the Gaia solution. UV imaging and high-resolution optical spectra rule out plausible luminous companions that could explain the orbit. The star is a bright (G = 12.3), slightly metal-poor ($\rm [Fe/H]=-0.22$) low-luminosity giant ($T_{\rm eff}=4600\, \rm K$; $R = 7.8\, R_{\odot }$; $\log \left[g/\left({\rm cm\, s^{-2}}\right)\right] = 2.6$). The binary’s orbit is moderately eccentric (e = 0.52). The giant is enhanced in α-elements, with $\rm [\alpha /Fe] = +0.26$, but the system’s Galactocentric orbit is typical of the thin disc. We obtained X-ray and radio non-detections of the source near periastron, which support BH accretion models in which the net accretion rate at the horizon is much lower than the Bondi–Hoyle–Lyttleton rate. At a distance of 1.16 kpc, Gaia BH2 is the second-nearest known BH, after Gaia BH1. Its orbit – like that of Gaia BH1 – seems too wide to have formed through common envelope evolution. Gaia BH1 and BH2 have orbital periods at opposite edges of the Gaia DR3 sensitivity curve, perhaps hinting at a bimodal intrinsic period distribution for wide BH binaries. Dormant BH binaries like Gaia BH1 and Gaia BH2 significantly outnumber their close, X-ray bright cousins, but their formation pathways remain uncertain.
On the role of dust and mass-loss in the extended main sequence turnoff of star clusters: the case of NGC 1783
Authors: D’Antona F , Dell’Agli F , Tailo M , Milone A P , Ventura P , Vesperini E , Cordoni G , Dotter A , Marino A F 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
The colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) morphology of the ‘extended’ main sequence turnoff (eMSTO) and upper main sequence (MS) of the intermediate age (≲ 2 Gyr) Large Magellanic Cloud Cluster NGC 1783 shows the presence of a small group of UV-dim stars, that, in the ultraviolet Hubble Space Telescope filters, are located at colours on the red side of the typical ‘fan’ shape displayed by the eMSTO. We model the UV-dim stars by assuming that some of the stars which would intrinsically be located on the left side of the eMSTO are obscured by a ring of dust due to grain condensation at the periphery of the excretion disc expelled when they spin at the high rotation rates typical of stars in the Be stage. A reasonably low optical depth at 10μ is necessary to model the UV-dim group. Introduction of dust in the interpretation of the eMSTO may require a substantial re-evaluation of previous conclusions concerning the role of age and/or rotation spreads in the MC clusters: the entire eMSTO can be populated by dusty stars, and the reddest UV-dim stars simply represents the tail of the distribution with both maximum obscuration and the dust ring seen along the line of sight. The model stars having higher rotational projected velocity (vsin  i) are predicted to be preferentially redder than the slowly rotating stars. The mass-loss responsible for the dust may also cause the non-monotonic distribution of stars in the upper main sequence, with two peaks and gaps showing up in the UV CMD.
The temporal transcriptomic signature of cartilage formation
Authors: Takács Roland , Vágó Judit , Póliska Szilárd , Pushparaj Peter Natesan , Ducza László , Kovács Patrik , Jin Eun-Jung , Barrett-Jolley Richard , Zákány Róza , Matta Csaba 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chondrogenesis is a multistep process, in which cartilage progenitor cells generate a tissue with distinct structural and functional properties. Although several approaches to cartilage regeneration rely on the differentiation of implanted progenitor cells, the temporal transcriptomic landscape of in vitro chondrogenesis in different models has not been reported. Using RNA sequencing, we examined differences in gene expression patterns during cartilage formation in micromass cultures of embryonic limb bud-derived progenitors. Principal component and trajectory analyses revealed a progressively different and distinct transcriptome during chondrogenesis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), based on pairwise comparisons of samples from consecutive days were classified into clusters and analysed. We confirmed the involvement of the top DEGs in chondrogenic differentiation using pathway analysis and identified several chondrogenesis-associated transcription factors and collagen subtypes that were not previously linked to cartilage formation. Transient gene silencing of ATOH8 or EBF1 on day 0 attenuated chondrogenesis by deregulating the expression of key osteochondrogenic marker genes in micromass cultures. These results provide detailed insight into the molecular mechanism of chondrogenesis in primary micromass cultures and present a comprehensive dataset of the temporal transcriptomic landscape of chondrogenesis, which may serve as a platform for new molecular approaches in cartilage tissue engineering.
CircularSTAR3D: a stack-based RNA 3D structural alignment tool for circular matching
Authors: Chen Xiaoli , Zhang Shaojie 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The functions of non-coding RNAs usually depend on their 3D structures. Therefore, comparing RNA 3D structures is critical in analyzing their functions. We noticed an interesting phenomenon that two non-coding RNAs may share similar substructures when rotating their sequence order. To the best of our knowledge, no existing RNA 3D structural alignment tools can detect this type of matching. In this article, we defined the RNA 3D structure circular matching problem and developed a software tool named CircularSTAR3D to solve this problem. CircularSTAR3D first uses the conserved stacks (consecutive base pairs with similar 3D structures) in the input RNAs to identify the circular matched internal loops and multiloops. Then it performs a local extension iteratively to obtain the whole circular matched substructures. The computational experiments conducted on a non-redundant RNA structure dataset show that circular matching is ubiquitous. Furthermore, we demonstrated the utility of CircularSTAR3D by detecting the conserved substructures missed by regular alignment tools, including structural motifs and conserved structures between riboswitches and ribozymes from different classes. We anticipate CircularSTAR3D to be a valuable supplement to the existing RNA 3D structural analysis techniques.
Transcription factor clusters enable target search but do not contribute to target gene activation
Authors: Meeussen Joseph V W , Pomp Wim , Brouwer Ineke , de Jonge Wim J , Patel Heta P , Lenstra Tineke L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Many transcription factors (TFs) localize in nuclear clusters of locally increased concentrations, but how TF clustering is regulated and how it influences gene expression is not well understood. Here, we use quantitative microscopy in living cells to study the regulation and function of clustering of the budding yeast TF Gal4 in its endogenous context. Our results show that Gal4 forms clusters that overlap with the GAL loci. Cluster number, density and size are regulated in different growth conditions by the Gal4-inhibitor Gal80 and Gal4 concentration. Gal4 truncation mutants reveal that Gal4 clustering is facilitated by, but does not completely depend on DNA binding and intrinsically disordered regions. Moreover, we discover that clustering acts as a double-edged sword: self-interactions aid TF recruitment to target genes, but recruited Gal4 molecules that are not DNA-bound do not contribute to, and may even inhibit, transcription activation. We propose that cells need to balance the different effects of TF clustering on target search and transcription activation to facilitate proper gene expression.
Proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery: Filling data gaps across time and space
Authors: Lehnert Patrick , Niederberger Michael , Backes-Gellner Uschi , Bettinger Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper develops a novel procedure for proxying economic activity with daytime satellite imagery across time periods and spatial units, for which reliable data on economic activity are otherwise not available. In developing this unique proxy, we apply machine-learning techniques to a historical time series of daytime satellite imagery dating back to 1984. Compared to satellite data on night light intensity, another common economic proxy, our proxy more precisely predicts economic activity at smaller regional levels and over longer time horizons. We demonstrate our measure’s usefulness for the example of Germany, where East German data on economic activity are unavailable for detailed regional levels and historical time series. Our procedure is generalizable to any region in the world, and it has great potential for analyzing historical economic developments, evaluating local policy reforms, and controlling for economic activity at highly disaggregated regional levels in econometric applications.
Article III of the OAU Refugee Convention in Context: the Emergence of Subversion in the African Inter-State System
Authors: Odinkalu Chidi Anselm 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
On the face of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa, the refugee problem in Africa is explicitly a multi-dimensional humanitarian, political, and security challenge. Linking the problem of refugees in Africa to the challenge of coexistence among then newly independent African States, Article III of the OAU Convention prohibits subversion by refugees. This study examines the evolution of this prohibition in the context of the history of post-colonial transition and authoritarianism which birthed it, and whose consequences are far from extinguished; suggesting that this context provides greater clarity to the scope and function of the prohibition as an obligation founded in a duty of friendly relations owed by African states to one another. Despite this, the language of the prohibition in the OAU Convention nevertheless lends it to sovereign self-help in a global context of rising authoritarian rule.
Retailoring training programmes in anaesthesia and intensive care after the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak
Authors: Pereda Elvira , De Hert Stefan , El Tahan Mohamed , Romero Carolina S. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
In this review, we want to collect all the adaptations that anaesthesiology training has faced because of the health crisis and social distancing measures resulting from coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). We reviewed new teaching tools launched during the COVID-19 outbreak worldwide and particularly those implemented by the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) and the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (EACTAIC).

Recent findings
Globally, COVID-19 has interrupted health services and all aspects of training programmes. These unprecedented changes have led to teaching and trainee support innovation tools, focusing on online learning and simulation programmes. Airway management, critical care and regional anaesthesia, have been enhanced during the pandemic, while there were major obstacles in paediatrics, obstetrics and pain medicine.

Summary
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered profoundly the functioning of health systems worldwide. Anaesthesiologists and trainees have fought on the front lines of the battle against COVID-19. As a result, training in anaesthesiology during the last 2 years has focused on managing patients in intensive care. New training programmes have been designed to continue teaching residents of this speciality, focusing on e-learning and advanced simulation. It is necessary to present a review describing the impact that this turbulent period has had on the different subsections of anaesthesiology and to review the innovative measures that have been implemented to address these possible deficits in education and training.