bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SYNTACTIC METHAPHOR AS ONE OF THE GRAMMATICAL EXPRESSIVENESS MEANS IN POETRY OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors: Chaiko Natalja N. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose. This article is devoted to the consideration of the linguistic essence of syntactic metaphor as one of stylistic techniques of linguistic imagery and expressiveness, as well as the analysis of the main metaphorical structures – metaphorical phrases and metaphor sentences in the texts of German romantic poets of the 19th century. Scientific originality of the research lies in the common interest of modern linguistics in the study of stylistic expressiveness techniques as well as the lack of study on this subject.
Method or methodology of the work. The research is based on structural-descriptive, linguistic-ethical and linguistic-stylistic methods of text analysis.
Results. In the course of the study, it was found that the main type of syntactic metaphor is formed by the definitional metaphorization of adjectival and geпitive phrases, in which the expanded metaphorical translations are based on synesthesia, objectification and denaturalization. A feature of metaphorical sentences is personification and objectification. According to the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the syntactic metaphor in poetic texts expresses the subjective attitude of the poet, gives the meaning a sensual appearance, creates the effect of persuasion, emotional reaction and aesthetic expressiveness.
Practical implications. The results of the research can be used at the classes of stylistics of the German language, text interpretation, in seminars on the study of features of the language of German poetry.
LEXICAL FEATURES OF BORROWED VOCABULARY OF THE FORMATION PERIOD OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF DISEASES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Budanova Natalia A. , Kuznetsova Anjelika A. , Axenova Ekaterina D. , Skakovsky Vladimir Y. 
Published: January 2023

The study complements the information about the nature of the medical term within the framework of historical terminology.
Purpose. The article discusses the linguistic features of medical borrowed terms denoting human diseases.
Materials and methods. The material was medical scientific texts on surgery and pharmacology of 1835-1899 editions. The analysis used lexico-semantic, etymological and word-formation analysis of vocabulary, a comparative method of linguistic research.
Results. The results of the study suggest that by the nineteenth century, the Russian scientific medical terminology of diseases was finally formed in the national language. The basis of the formation are lexical units of Greek-Latin origin, there were also borrowings from Polish, French, and English. Comparative analysis of terms in different languages has shown the presence of a large number of terms-internationalisms. Translated borrowings and calculus were used in the formation of terms. The study revealed the difficulty of proving the formation of terms by calculus. The analysis of medical terms revealed semantic differences in the source language and in the recipient language, which confirms: 1) the artificial nature of the formation of the terminological system, 2) the presence of national specificity of terms denoting diseases. Thus, the results of the study show that with the unity of the laws of human cognition, an individual understanding of the world picture is manifested in each language; the names of diseases formed on the basis of the national language reflect the popular understanding of diseases.
Practical implications. The factual material and conclusions of the article can be used both in terminology and in the course of medical education.
PECULIARITIES OF THE CONCEPTUAL OPPOSITION REALIZATION OF THE CONCEPT “VALUES” (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DICHOTOMY “US” / “THEM”)
Authors: Zdanovskaya Lidia B. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the specifics of the linquocognitive representation of the concept “VALUES” in Russian and English linguocultures. The purpose of the study is to reveal the special aspects of the conceptual opposition of the concept under study implemented on the ground of the basic dichotomy “US / THEM”. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the definition of the concept “VALUES” as an oppositive components-concept demonstrating the structured specificity of opposition.
Materials and methods. The materials of the study were the speeches of the famous Russian journalists, historians, political scientists ‒ participants on the political talk show “Who is against?” on the TV channel “Russia-1” in August 2022, as well as the publication of the Australian researcher Peter Harrison. When writing the article, the following methods were used: conceptual analysis including juxtaposition, generalization, interpretation of the representatives of the studied concept, comparison and collation, lexical-semantic analysis of dictionary definitions, contextual analysis.
Results. As a result of the study, a level (explicit-implicit) representation of opposition of the concept VALUES in the Russian and English language spaces has been established on the example of the basic opposition “US / THEM”.
Conclusions. In the author’s opinion, the distinctive features of the opposition subjects “US / THEM” regulate their categorical fixing on the ground of the basic evaluation model of this dichotomy.
TRANSLATION COMPETENCE AS COMPONENT OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF STUDENTS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Ladonina Elena Yu. , Sytina Nadezhda A. 
Published: January 2023

Background. The article considers and analyzes the main modern requirements for the professional training of these students at the level of FSES 3++ and needs of the labor market for the occupations corresponding to International Relations under the modern social conditions.
Purpose. The purpose of the research is to model the process dealing with the translation competence formation of the bachelor students in International Relations. The scientific novelty of the study is to clarify the foreign language professional communicative competence (IPCC) components.
Materials and methods. The main research methods used are the methods of scientific description (the study of specialized literature, its systematization and interpretation) and experimental methods of study (the identification of the competence formation model stages and its implementation).
Results. The paper reveals the concept of translation competence and its components. The language training of the bachelor students in International Relations at the undergraduate stage without thorough translation competence formation and training in written translation skills is not very productive. The ways to solve the problem are seen in the highlighting of stages in the model of the translation competence formation of the students in International Relations. This implies the underlining of two levels: 1) basic level – teaching students to translate educational texts on the main educational programs; 2) professional level – a training course in the translation of professionally oriented texts as part of implementation of the additional education program “Translator in the field of professional communication”.
Practical implications. The result of the study is to practice the translation competence formation model in the course of foreign language training for students in International Relations taking into account these two levels.
NATIVE RUSSIAN SPEAKERS’ SPEECH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT AS A RESPONSE TO MODERN CHALLENGES
Authors: Ozturk Lira I. , Fayzullina Elmira F. 
Published: January 2023

Rationale is the search for an answer to the question that concerns many today, whether it is possible to ensure the security of the individual and the state as a whole by means of language in a communicative space filled with threats of a different nature.
The aim of the study is to prove that raising of speech culture level as an extremely relevant field of knowledge and a sphere of practical competences in the face of new challenges of modernity should become the subject of closer comprehension not only of specialists but also of the native speakers of the Russian language, since the contemporary speech is one of the components of national well-being.
Materials and methods. The data used are works on the culture of speech, orthology, and communicativism, legislative acts, as well as various linguistic factual materials inherent in modern discourse. The analysis was carried out by means of descriptive, stylistic, statistical, and contextual methods; the study of the factual material was carried out by means of observation and questioning.
Results. The results of the study showed that improving the speech culture of modern Russian speakers cannot an aim, and the approach to solving this problem is formalized and not aligned with the new reality. In the current conditions, when communicative activity becomes difficult to regulate, a special life-saving means is the speech culture of a person, often in the literal sense of the word, ensuring his or her physical survival.
Results application. The results might be applied in the course “Russian Language and Speech Culture” as well as might be useful for the teachers who teach this cycle of disciplines in institutions of higher education.
GENERAL REGULARITIES OF LINGUO-COGNITIVE REPRESENTATION OF CONCEPTUAL OPPOSITION (ASPECT: CREATION- DESTRUCTION)
Authors: Zdanovskaya Lidia B. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the integrated characteristic of the conceptual opposition presented on the basis of the analysis of oppositional concepts in the consideration aspect of the opposition paradigm Creation – Destruction in the political and media discourse. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the implementation specifics of conceptual opposition within the framework of the presented dichotomy in the Russian and Anglo-American language spaces. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the author’s proposed dichotomous model Creation – Destruction compared with the classical dyad “Us – Them”.
Materials and methods. The materials of the study were fragments of speeches by the top leadership of the Russian Federation, analytical comments and publications by representatives of the Russian and foreign media Internet space, statements by experts of the political programs on Channel One and Russia-1 TV channels in 2022. When writing the article, the following methods were used: conceptual analysis, undertaken on the basis of comparative characteristics of the nominees of the concepts under study, contextual analysis, including lexico-semantic analysis of definitions fixed in Russian and English lexicographic sources.
Results. A structured organization of conceptual opposition was revealed, the levels of realization of opposition were presented, as well as the distinctive-feature classification of opposition subjects Creation – Destruction on the example of the model Us – Them. According to the author the analysis of the conceptual opposition of the concepts studied on the basis of the dichotomy Creation – Destruction makes it possible to conclude its semantic similarity with the dichotomy Us – Them.
LINGUISTIC AND MENTAL ASPECTS OF THE TRANSLATION OF OFFICIAL TEXTS (BASED ON THE OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS OF PRESS SERVICES AND NEWS PORTALS)
Authors: Vorobyova Anna E. , Fedyunina Inna E. , Vinogradova Ekaterina A. 
Published: January 2023

Background. The translation process is to be considered not merely as a cross- language, but as a cross-cultural interaction as well, since two language systems and two cultures operate simultaneously. The translator’s mission is to adequately transfer the source code of information into the translation language and adapt the national and cultural features of the original text. This involves mental processing of the underlying message implications and presuppositions. Strategies and methods of translation of official documents are determined not only by their linguistic characteristics, but also by their national-specific features. The above-mentioned aspects contribute to the background of the study.
Purpose. The article deals with the analysis of the lexical and syntactic features of the translation of official business texts through the prism of the national cultural code, as well as reveals the influence of mental features of various linguistic and cultural communities on the linguistic, structural and style-forming characteristics of business texts.
Materials and methods. The empiric material for the study is represented by 70 official documents of international organizations in English (UNESCO, The Minsk Declaration, U.S. Mission Russia, etc.) and their corresponding Russian translations. The documents are published in an open access on the Internet on the official websites of press services and news portals. In the course of analyzing the sources of actual material, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, cognitive analysis, and content analysis were used.
Results. The results of the study proved that the national-cultural specificity has a direct impact on the linguistic, structural and style-forming characteristics of official business texts. To ensure the adequacy of a translation in the recipient language, cognitive processing of the source code through the prism of the semantic space of the translator’s culture is required. Recurrent methods of translating of official documents are the techniques of generalization, specification, addition, zero translation and integration.
Conclusion. Official business texts are marked by certain functional characteristics that must be taken into consideration in the process of translation to ensure its adequacy and communicative effect.
SPATIAL PICTURE OF THE WORLD IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES AND CULTURES
Authors: Shmeleva Tatiana S. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the spatial picture of the world in various languages and cultures. The culturally determined differences in the categorization of space and spatial relations in different languages are considered, the ways of verbalization of spatial relations in different cultures are analyzed.
The method or methodology of the work performed. The methods of linguistic description and conceptual analysis were used in the work.
As a result of the study, it was revealed that, despite the recognized universality of the spatial category, different languages are characterized by the presence of fundamental differences not only in the verbal tools used to describe space and spatial relations, but also in the methods of cognitive processing of such, which is a natural consequence of the diversity of extralinguistic conditions existence and development of cultures.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in courses on linguistics, theoretical grammar and linguoculturology.
TECHNOSPHERE: PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Aseeva Irina A. , Belkina Victoria A. 
Published: January 2023

The global technological environment, which mediates the interaction of mankind with the biosphere, carries technogenic and environmental hazards and serious anthropological and social risks. Today there is a tendency in which every improvement of the technogenic system ultimately increases its negative impact on nature on the principle of negative feedback. In such a situation, an objective assessment of the technosphere’s characteristics is necessary for timely harmonization in the relationship “Human – Natural Environment”.
The purpose of the article is to conceptualize ideas about the technogenic path of human development and to introduce the concept of “ecological technosphere” as a new stage of coevolutionary relations between nature and technogenic civilization.
The research is carried out within the framework of the concept of post-classical science, a structural and functional approach, postphenomenology, actor-network theory.
In the article, based on the concepts of “technique”, “technology”, “technocenosis”, “technological environment”, an ontological analysis of the concept of “technosphere” is proposed, its essential characteristics and risky scenarios of development are highlighted.
The article was carried out within the framework of the project “Socio-ecological monitoring of the technical environment of the region: a socio-cultural approach” (RFBR Grant 20-311-90060 Graduate students)
THE IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE SOCIO-CULTURAL EVOLUTION OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES
Authors: Shmakov Vladimir S. 
Published: January 2023

The determining factor of socio-cultural transformation is industrial and economic modernization, which changes the structure of the world economy as a whole. The leading trend in the development of civilization is the desire for uniformity, which leads to the need to analyze the combination, correlation, interaction of “modernized” and “traditional” forms of development of local communities.
The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of the processes of production and economic modernization on the modification of sociocultural development, to determine the relationships and interdependencies of the economy, culture and sociality, to identify cause-and-effect relationships and trends in the evolution of the sociocultural sphere.
Materials and methods. The study of the processes of production, economic and socio-cultural transformation within the framework of a polyparadigm approach allows using a set of research paradigms, within which various aspects of modernization are considered. The civilizational approach makes it possible to explain the problem of correlation, interaction of general civilizational universals and local specifics.
Results. The article shows that the main trends in the production, economic and socio-cultural development of local communities are formed under the influence of internal and external factors. Modification of the production and economic sphere contributes to the evolution of culture and sociality, determines the structure of the life of local communities, forms a new system of diverse processes of activity. There are destructive tendencies leading to the disintegration of the integrity of the socio-cultural space, a decrease in the stabilizing potential of the traditional way of local communities, followed by pauperization and marginalization of a significant part of the population. The diversification of production and economic activities contributes to the modification of the socio-cultural way of life, the transition from the paradigm of maintaining the stability of traditions to the paradigm of innovative changes.
Practical implications. The results can be used for further research into the processes of sociocultural development and in the process of teaching social disciplines.
PROBLEMS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENTISIC TEXTS MACHINE TRANSLATION ON THE MATERIAL OF AN INFORMATIONAL BROCHURE
Authors: Antaeva Ksenia V. , Elagina Yulia S. 
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the psychological scientific text machine translation (from the English language to the Russian one). On the material of the Russian machine translation of an informational brochure, potential difficulties were identified. The author points out the mistakes in machine translation and offers ways to solve them. A particular attention is paid to the translation of special terminology of the psychological semantic field.
Background. Machine translation programs are often used as a way of getting texts translation. On the one hand, it is an available inexpensive way to get a quick translation. On the other hand, there is no guarantee of translation adequacy. The basis of quality translation analysis was a machine translation of scientific text.
Purpose. On the basis of the text made by the machine translation program some mistakes are revealed and analyzed, some ways to solve them are offered. Special attention is paid to the translation of terms in the field of psychology.
Materials and methods. The research material was a machine translation of the brochure “Anxiety Disorders in Children” written by the American Anxiety Disorders Association (the translation is from English into Russian). The translation was made with the help of the online program Google Translator.
Results. Scientific texts on psychology have become popular in the world, but as the analysis showed, their translation is still difficult for online translation programs. Machine translation is not the way to get an equivalent text, but it does make the translation process easier. At the same time, an interpreter should spend time on further text editing. One type of mistakes is connected with the translation of terms. Besides there are mistakes caused by the difference between the grammatical structures of the original language and the translation language, such as the voice constructions, special word orders and set phrases.
G.M. MCLUHAN: COMMUNICATION AS A MEANS SOCIALIZATION
Authors: Ivenkova Olga A. , Itunina Nina B. 
Published: January 2023

Background. The problems of specifics and transformations of social communication are updated in the modern conditions of the contradictory development of the multimedia communication system, which actively affects the processes of socialization. In modern reality, Internet tools often play a more significant role in socialization processes than traditional social agents. The Internet expands the possibilities for revealing the personality, but at the same time gives rise to the risks of socialization of young people. The authors of the article turn to a critical understanding of the concept of GM. McLuhan (1911-1980), Canadian communication technology theorist. The main works of G.M. McLuhan came out in the 60s. XX century, however, the ideas expressed in them are still in demand in world science.
Purpose. The authors critically analyze the theory of communications by M. McLuhan, which gives grounds for conclusions about its modern research capabilities and, at the same time, about the gaps left by it, in understanding the processes of socialization of a person in continuous and diverse flows of communication.
Methods. In the study, the authors rely on a philosophical and cultural approach, including techniques and methods of sociological analysis of communication, as well as an interdisciplinary approach.
Results. As G.M. McLuhan rightly believed, communication processes are the necessary basis for the formation, maintenance and transformation of cultural phenomena and the person himself. The communication theory of G.M. McLuhan demonstrates the influence of technology on changing a person’s thinking, his consciousness, ability to perceive, mentality, lifestyle. Technical means of communication creating new languages of communication fulfill a revolutionary role in sociocultural dynamics in general and in the processes of socialization in particular, creating a universal environment for the formation of personality. At the same time, based on the analysis of the works of G.M. McLuhan, the limitations of a media-oriented approach are shown. The authors of the article demonstrate the advantage of philosophical, cultural and interdisciplinary approaches in domestic communicativism, based not on a technocratic, but on a humanistic dominant.
Scope of results. The results obtained can be applied in the study of socio-cultural transformations and communication in the context of global challenges of our time, in the formation of research approaches to understanding the specifics and functions of modern socialization and communication processes.