bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microarray-based Detection of Critical Overexpressed Genes in the
Progression of Hepatic Fibrosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease:
A Protein-protein Interaction Network Analysis
Authors: Mahmoudi Ali , Butler Alexandra E. , De Vincentis Antonio , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent cause of chronic
liver disease and encompasses a broad spectrum of disorders, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis,
fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. However, due to the global epidemic of NAFLD, where invasive
liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, it is necessary to identify a more practical method
for early NAFLD diagnosis with useful therapeutic targets; as such, molecular biomarkers could most
readily serve these aims. To this end, we explored the hub genes and biological pathways in fibrosis
progression in NAFLD patients.

Methods:
Raw data from microarray chips with GEO accession GSE49541 were downloaded from
the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the R package (Affy and Limma) was applied to investigate
differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the progress of low- (mild 0-1 fibrosis score)
to high- (severe 3-4 fibrosis score) fibrosis stage NAFLD patients. Subsequently, significant DEGs
with pathway enrichment were analyzed, including gene ontology (GO), KEGG and Wikipathway. In
order to then explore critical genes, the protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was established and
visualized using the STRING database, with further analysis undertaken using Cytoscape and Gephi
software. Survival analysis was undertaken to determine the overall survival of the hub genes in the
progression of NAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Results:
A total of 311 significant genes were identified, with an expression of 278 being upregulated
and 33 downregulated in the high vs. low group. Gene functional enrichment analysis of these significant
genes demonstrated major involvement in extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, protein
digestion and absorption, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The PPI network was constructed
with 196 nodes and 572 edges with PPI enrichment using a p-value < 1.0 e-16. Based on this
cut-off, we identified 12 genes with the highest score in four centralities: Degree, Betweenness,
Closeness, and Eigenvector. Those twelve hub genes were CD34, THY1, CFTR, COL3A1,
COL1A1, COL1A2, SPP1, THBS1, THBS2, LUM, VCAN, and VWF. Four of these hub genes,
namely CD34, VWF, SPP1, and VCAN, showed significant association with the development of hepatocellular
carcinoma.

Conclusions:
This PPI network analysis of DEGs identified critical hub genes involved in the progression
of fibrosis and the biological pathways through which they exert their effects in NAFLD patients.
Those 12 genes offer an excellent opportunity for further focused research to determine potential
targets for therapeutic applications.
Synthetic Strategies Towards and Around the CF3S(O) Structural Motif
Authors: Romanenko Vadim D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
This account reviews synthetic strategies for constructing and transforming
CF3S(O) structural moiety developed during the last decades. Existing paths to the synthesis
of CF3S(O)-containing organic molecules are demonstrated. Among these are direct trifluoromethanesulfinylation
reactions, oxidation of compounds having CF3S function, substitutive
trifluoromethylation reactions of sulfinic acid halides and esters, and rearrangement reactions.
The reactivity and substituent modification procedures are covered. Also included are sections
on the synthetic application of the CF3S(O)-bearing molecules for the design of biologically
important molecules and synthesis of other organofluorine compounds.
Vitexin Induces Apoptosis and Ferroptosis and Suppresses Malignant Proliferation and Invasion of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma through PI3K/AKT-Nrf2 Axis
Authors: Wang Chao , Jiang Huamao 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) is a type of malignant urinary system. Although
several strategies have been applied in the treatment of BUC, its survival remains unsatisfactory,
especially in the patients with advanced BUC. Vitexin, a natural flavonoid has exhibited the inhibitory
effect on various tumors, however, its effect on BUC is still unclear.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the effect of vitexin on the progression of BUC.

Methods:
The toxicity of vitexin on T24 and 5637 cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The
effects of vitexin on proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and ferroptosis
in BUC cells were determined by CCK-8, flow cytometry, western blot, transwell and immunofluorescence
assays. Additionally, the related mechanism was explored by examining the expression of
the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)-nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor
2 (Nrf2) pathway. Besides, in vivo validation was performed in the xenografted mice.

Results:
Vitexin reduced the BUC cell viability and enhanced the apoptosis rate and the relative protein
expression of p53 and cleaved-caspase3. Also, vitexin decreased the invasion number, and increased the
relative protein expression of E-cadherin with the decreased N-cadherin protein level in T24 and 5637
cells. Besides, vitexin promoted the levels of ROS and MDA, while reduced the GSH level. Vitexin also
increased the level of iron, but decreased the relative protein expression of xCT and GPX4. Erastin further
increased the vitexin-induced iron levels, whereas inverse outcomes were observed in the application of
ferrostatin-1. Additionally, vitexin decreased the relative protein levels of PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and nuclear
Nrf2, while increased the relative protein level of cytoplasmic Nrf2. Overexpression of PI3K notably
inverted the effect of vitexin on cell viability, apoptosis, invasion, level of ROS and iron. Furthermore,
vitexin reduced the tumor volume and weight of xenografted mice. Vitexin decreased the protein level of
N-cadherin, while increased apoptosis rate of xenografted mice. In addition, vitexin reduced the relative
protein levels of PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and nuclear Nrf2 with the enhanced relative protein expression of
cytoplasmic Nrf2 in xenografted mice. Moreover, vitexin decreased the relative protein expression of
xCT and GPX4 and the GSH level, whereas increased the MDA level in xenografted mice.

Conclusion:
Vitexin suppressed malignant proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis and ferroptosis
of BUC involving in PI3K/AKT-Nrf2 pathway.
The Psoriatic Arthritis Experience in Saudi Arabia from the Rheumatologist
and Patient Perspectives
Authors: Alhomood Ibrahim , Fatani Mohamed , Bedaiwi Mohamed , Al Natour Sahar , Erdogan Alper , Alsharafi Aya , Attar Suzan 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a musculoskeletal disease that adversely affects physical mobility and quality of life. It is challenging to manage because of the heterogeneous na-ture of the symptoms and the current treatment options.
To explore the patient and rheumatologist perspectives of PsA to help improve understanding of the disease experience and improve disease management

Purpose:
To explore the patient and rheumatologist perspectives of PsA to help improve under-standing of the disease experience and improve disease management.

Methods:
A descriptive, observational cross-sectional study of Saudi Arabian dermatologists and rheumatologists and patients with psoriasis or PsA was conducted. Questionnaire data were collect-ed from 31 dermatologists, 34 rheumatologists, 90 patients with psoriasis, and 98 patients with PsA and analysed using descriptive statistics. Here, data from rheumatologists and patients with PsA are presented.

Results:
The results revealed similarities and differences in the rheumatologist and patient perspec-tives of PsA. Rheumatologists and patients agreed on the impact that PsA had on patients’ quality of life and that more education was needed. However, they differed on several aspects of disease man-agement. Rheumatologists estimated the time to diagnosis as four times shorter than what patients experienced. Patients accepted their diagnosis more than rheumatologists perceived them to; rheu-matologists perceived patients to be worried or fearful. Patients perceived joint pain as their most severe symptom, in contrast to rheumatologists, who presumed skin appearance was the most severe symptom. Reported input into PsA treatment goals differed significantly. More than half of the rheumatologists reported equal patient-physician input into goal development as opposed to <10% of patients reporting the same. Almost half of patients reported no input into the development of their treatment goals.

Conclusion:
The management of PsA could benefit from enhanced screening and re-evaluation of what PsA outcomes have the most value to patients and rheumatologists. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended with increased patient involvement in disease management and individualized treatment options.
Pitfalls and Opportunities in the Execution of Quality by Design in
Analytical Sciences
Authors: Chaturvedi Prashant K. , Joshi Kalyani H. , Chopra Shruti , Tauro Savita J. , Prajapati Pintu B. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Quality by Design (QbD) is a systematic approach integrated with quality risk management.
It uses different design approaches followed by statistical analysis to yield a quality
product. Now, the pharmaceutical industries are intrested in the application of QbD principles to
analytical methods and term it as Analytical QbD (AQbD), which does not essentially mean less
analytical testing; to a particular extent, it means the right analysis at the right time, supported by
science and risk evaluation which ensures that the analytical method can be improved throughout
its life cycle. However, for that, the analyst must have sound knowledge of Analytical Target Profile
(ATP), method performance characteristics, risk assessment, choice of Design of Experiment
(DoE), optimization of Method Operable Design Region (MODR). Some papers have cited the
importance, regulatory flexibility, theoretical aspects, and statistical analysis of AQbD, but only a
few discuss the core issue of gradual implementation of QbD in analytical sciences. For seamless
transition, researchers need clarification on AQbD terminologies, acceptable methods, criteria to
embrace critical quality attributes (CQAs), and standards to judge the adequacy of controls. This
paper summarizes the challenges and solutions for the implementation of AQbD.
VEGFR2 Mimicking Peptide Inhibits the Proliferation of Human Umbilical Vein
Endothelial Cells (Huvecs) by Blocking VEGF
Authors: Ghasemali Samaneh , Barzegar Abolfazl , Farajnia Safar , Rahmati Mohammad , Negahdari Babak , Etemadi Ali , Nazari Atefeh 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
A variety of key human physiological processes rely on angiogenesis, ranging from reproduction
and fetal growth to wound healing and tissue repair. Furthermore, this process significantly contributes to tumor
progression, invasion, and metastasis. As the strongest inducer of angiogenesis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
(VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) are targets of therapeutic research for blocking pathological angiogenesis.

Objective:
Preventing the interaction between VEGF and VEGFR2 by a peptide is a promising strategy for developing
antiangiogenic drug candidates. This study was aimed at designing and evaluating VEGF-targeting peptides using in
silico and in vitro techniques.

Methods:
The VEGF binding site of VEGFR2 was considered a basis for peptide design. The interaction of VEGF and
all three peptides derived from VEGFR2 were analyzed using ClusPro tools. In a complex with VEGF, the peptide
with a higher docking score was evaluated to confirm its stability using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The
gene coding for the selected peptide was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21. The bacterial cells were cultured on a
large scale, and the expressed recombinant peptide was purified using Ni-NTA chromatography. Refolding of the
denatured peptide was carried out by the stepwise removal of the denaturant. The reactivity of peptides was confirmed
using western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. Finally, the inhibition potency of the
peptide on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-
2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay

Results:
Among three peptides, the peptide with the best docking pose and the highest affinity for VEGF was selected
for further studies. Then the stability of the peptide was confirmed over the 100 ns MD simulation. After in silico analyses,
the selected peptide was presented for in vitro analysis. Expression of the selected peptide in E. coli BL21 resulted
in a pure peptide with a yield of approximately 200 μg/ml. Analysis by ELISA revealed the high reactivity of the
peptide with VEGF. Western blot analysis confirmed the specific reactivity of selected peptides with VEGF. The MTT
assay revealed the growth inhibitory effect of the peptide on human umbilical vein endothelial cells with an IC50 value
of 247.8 μM.

Conclusion:
In summary, the selected peptide demonstrated a promising inhibitory effect on human umbilical vein
endothelial cells that could be a valuable anti-angiogenic candidate for further assessment. Additionally, these in silico
and in vitro data provide new insights into peptide design and engineering.
Populations using Traditional Home Remedy at Low Risk for COVID-19
Infection
Authors: Kaur Gunpreet , Sharma Ravinder , Bansal Parveen , Gupta Vikas 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
According to the WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), no medications/vaccines are proven to be fully effective
for the treatment/prevention of SARS-CoV-2. All are aware that the virus is acting through the respiratory
system due to lowered immunity of the body and have a devastating effect on the mental
health of populations worldwide. There are very remote chances of developing a drug in a short
span of time, along with tested safety and efficacy. Hence there is a need to find out some home
remedies accessible to all. Here authors propose a food supplement Chaywanprash (ChyPra),
which has been used by populations worldwidfor ages without any established side effects. It also
contains quinine in minute quantities and a number of proven antiviral active components for
SARS CoV. In addition, this formula is recommended in Ayurveda for the maintenance of mental
health and rejuvenation.
The formations of bare-stem, closed compound nouns in English
Authors: Purinanda Faza Hannan 
Published: May 2023

Compounding is one of the most productive type of word formation processes in English and it is arguably the most controversial one in terms of its linguistic analysis. This paper aims at describing the formations of bare-stem, closed compound noun in English. This is a descriptive qualitative research, conducted by subclassifying the compound nouns into formations that are based on the word class of each element that constructs the compound. The result of the study shows that, firstly, there are thirteen formations from which bare-stem closed compound nouns can be constructed. Secondly, nouns, verbs, and adjectives can combine rather freely in compounding despite the patterns are not equally productive. This study also highlights the constraints in subclassifying compounds, which is a prevalent issue that has been widely recognized by scholars. Keywords: English morphology, compounding, noun, word formation
Colorful God and Goddess as the representation of modern Greek mythology in Lore Olympus
Authors: Afidah Ari , Agustina Mia Fitria , Trisnawati Ririn Kurnia 
Published: May 2023

Lore Olympus is a webtoon that uses color as a sign for each of its characters. In interpreting symbols, this study applies Peirce’s semiotic theory related to representamen or signs, objects, and interpretants. This study aims to describe the meaning of colors in the six characters of gods and goddesses in Lore Olympus. This research used qualitative methods. It was found that the colors in the six characters of gods and goddesses had a general and specific meaning that were used to convey their personalities. The blue color symbolizes Hades’s cold personality, the pink color represents Persephone’s kindness, the green color represents Demeter’s overprotective personality, the purple color represents Zeus as the king of the gods, the yellow color symbolizes Hera’s cheerful and jealousy, and lastly, the red color symbolizes Hermes’s extroverted and passionate personality. Finally, it is hoped that this study can create more insight into color as an aspect that can affect personality.Keywords: colors, Lore Olympus, semiotic, symbol
The Impact of a Cashless Payment System on Inflation
Authors: Muslikhati Muslikhati , Aprilianto Fitrian 
Published: May 2023

The rise of transactions without using money or what is commonly referred to as cashless transactions. Cashless transactions have several advantages, namely, functional, effortless, and quick. In addition, cashless transactions get an impact on monetary policy in Indonesia. The convenience obtained when conducting cashless transactions results in the acceleration of the velocity of money. Although the number of cash transactions in the community has decreased, the rate of money creates a high intensity with the use of cashless transactions. If the power of money circulation is high, it is feared that it will cause inflationary effects. This study aims to determine the impact of the cashless payment system on inflation. A quantitative approach was used in this study with secondary data which in the source obtained through documentation techniques obtained from Bank Indonesia (BI) and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). from January 2009 until December 2020. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the electronic-money variables had a significant negative effect, the debit card variables had a significant positive impact, the credit card variables had an insignificant negative effect, and the interest rate variables had a significant positive impact.
Association Between Antidiabetic Pattern with Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Buleleng Hospital
Authors: Ratnasari Pande Made Desy , Ardeliani I Gusti Ayu Indira , Yuliawati Agustina Nila , Kurnianta Putu Dian Marani 
Published: May 2023

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease which requires long-term therapy. Medication adherence plays an important role for therapeutic success in patients with T2DM. Antidiabetic usage pattern might involve with some problems related to medication adherence. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between antidiabetic usage pattern with medication adherence. Material and Methods: This observational study was conducted cross-sectionally involving 90 participants of T2DM outpatient at Private Hospital in Buleleng Bali during July-September 2020. Patients were included if aged ≥18 years, received the same antidiabetic for three months before the study, signed informed consent, and provided with complete medical record data. Patients were excluded if appeared to be unwell, pregnant or breastfeeding. Demographic data and antidiabetic usage patterns were collected retrospectively based on the patient's medical records. Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) questionnaire was used to assess medication adherence. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The results showed that 55.6% patients were male, aged 46-65 years (61.1%), education predominantly by elementary school (37.8%), had suffered from DM for 5-10 years (46.7%), with comorbidities (50%), and without complications (77.8%). The antidiabetic usage pattern was dominated by a combination of two antidiabetics (53.3%). Most patients (42.2%) showed moderate-high medication adherence. There was no statistically significant association between antidiabetic usage pattern and medication adherence (p=0.275). Conclusions: A higher rate of medication adherence was found in patients taking combination of two antidiabetics compared to combination of three or four antidiabetics.
“TO JOKE ABOUT GOD”: ANECDOTES OF HAJI HASAN MUSTAPA
Authors: Rohmana Jajang A , Zuldin Muhamad 
Published: May 2023

Humor is one of the characteristics of the Sundanese people in West Java. This is not only seen in their conversations about everyday matters but also about serious and sacred issues. They sometimes faced these sacred issues by remaining relaxed and laughing. This, for instance, can be seen in the figure of Haji Hasan Mustapa, a Great Penghulu of Kutaraja and Bandung during the Dutch colonial period. This study focuses on the 209 Sundanese anecdotes of Mustapa that his secretary, M. Wangsaatmaja, collected in Boekoe Singa-Bandoeng (1930) and Boekoe Dongeng djeung Tajarita Sadjarah(1932), as well as those collected by Mustapa's admirer, Ajip Rosidi, in Haji Hasan Mustapa's Jeung Karya-karyana(1989). By using the Adjidarma’s humor theory, which mentions three categories of humor: superiority, incongruity, and extrication, the results show that the incongruous humor category predominates in Mustapa's anecdotes. This can be seen in his incongruous expressions about the nature of God that are out of the ordinary. He did not show his superiority as a respected Dutch official, nor did he extricate himself from various tensions and obstacles. This generally relates to the low level of religious knowledge of his interlocutors. Mustapa’s answers were considered weird and out of the ordinary to them. Therefore, it is understandable that among the Sundanese, Mustapa is known as an eccentric ulama.
Does Notice 2014-21 Need an Update? An Analysis of Potential Tax Classifications for Cryptocurrency
Authors: Davenport Stephan A. , Usrey Spencer C. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The IRS issued Notice 2014-21 in which they classify cryptocurrency as property. However, the variety and usage of cryptocurrency has increased since Notice 2014-21 so that cryptocurrency has become a significant and widely accepted component of the global financial system. Cryptocurrency includes a diverse group of digital assets with different origins and uses. One type of cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, has been adopted as legal tender in two countries. Yet the IRS guidance for reporting cryptocurrency has not changed. In this paper, we examine the current regulatory framework regarding cryptocurrency. Next, we discuss alternative tax treatments for cryptocurrency and the tax effects of those potential treatments. Finally, we make policy recommendations for the tax treatment of cryptocurrency.