bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Therapy and Outcome of Patients Requiring Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Hettlich Vincent Hendrik , Kindgen-Milles Detlef , Brandenburger Timo , Feldt Torsten , Aubin Hug , Tudorache Igor , Akhyari Payam , Lichtenberg Artur , Dalyanoglu Hannan , Boeken Udo 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) is related with poor outcome, especially in Germany. We aimed to analyze whether changes in vv-ECMO therapy during the pandemic were observed and lead to changes in the outcome of vv-ECMO patients.
Methods All patients undergoing vv-ECMO support for COVID-19 between 2020 and 2021 in a single center (n = 75) were retrospectively analyzed. Weaning from vv-ECMO and in-hospital mortality were defined as primary and peri-interventional adverse events as secondary endpoints of the study.
Results During the study period, four infective waves were observed in Germany. Patients were assigned correspondingly to four study groups: ECMO implantation between March 2020 and September 2020: first wave (n = 11); October 2020 to February 2021: second wave (n = 23); March 2021 to July 2021: third wave (n = 25); and August 2021 to December 2021: fourth wave (n = 20). Preferred cannulation technique changed within the second wave from femoro-femoral to femoro-jugular access (p < 0.01) and awake ECMO was implemented. Mean ECMO run time increased by more than 300% from 10.9 ± 9.6 (first wave) to 44.9 ± 47.0 days (fourth wave). Weaning of patients was achieved in less than 20% in the first wave but increased to approximately 40% since the second one. Furthermore, we observed a continuous numerically decrease of in-hospital mortality from 81.8 to 57.9% (p = 0.61).
Conclusion Preference for femoro-jugular cannulation and awake ECMO combined with preexisting expertise and patient selection are considered to be associated with increased duration of ECMO support and numerically improved ECMO weaning and in-hospital mortality.
Flatfielding of hybrid pixel detectors in tender x-ray scattering
Authors: Freychet Guillaume , Zhernenkov Mikhail 
Published: May 2023

The ability of the soft matter interfaces beamline at National Synchrotron Light Source II to access x-ray energy in the tender x-ray regime, i.e., from 2.1 to 5 keV, enables new resonant x-ray scattering studies at the sulfur K-edge and others. We present a new approach to correct data acquired in the tender x-ray regime with a Pilatus3 detector in order to improve the data quality and to correct the various artifacts inherent to hybrid pixel detectors, such as variations in modules’ efficiency or noisy detector module junctions. This new flatfielding significantly enhances the data quality and enables detection of weak scattering signals.
Numerical simulation and analysis of contact erosion by high-current and low-voltage air arc considering the movement of arc
Authors: Wang Yujie , Xu Nuo , Wang Lijun 
Published: May 2023

When a low-voltage circuit breaker (LVCB) breaks a high current, the contact erosion caused by the arc greatly reduces the LVCB’s breaking performance and service lifetime. Therefore, this paper uses AgW alloy contacts as a research object, which are commonly used for breaking high currents, and establishes a contact erosion model for an LVCB with a breaking current of 14 kA. The model considers the energy balance of a contact surface and uses a solidification and melting model and a dynamic mesh model to deal with the phase transition problem of the contact material and introduces the arc movement into this model. Using this model, the contact melting and evaporation width, erosion depth, erosion rate, and erosion mass are calculated when Ag and AgW30 and AgW70 alloys are used as contact materials. The influence of W-content on the erosion characteristics of a contact is analyzed. The results show that, although the introduction of element W significantly reduces the erosion mass, it advances the time when the melting point and boiling point are reached. The position, width, and depth of the melting pool and melting layer thickness change with the movement of the arc. In the process of contact erosion considering the movement of the arc, the introduction of W element will increase the width of the molten pool and the solidification time of the molten material. Especially when the mass percentage of element W in the contact material reached 70%, the solidification time of the molten material greatly increased, which weakened the welding resistance of the contact.
The phase range extension and accuracy improvement in Fresnel biprism-based digital holography microscopy
Authors: Nourzadeh Hasti , Lotfi Maryam , Cabrera Humberto , Crespo Maria Liz , Dashtdar Masoomeh 
Published: May 2023

We report a highly stable and affordable dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy system based on common-path geometry. A Fresnel biprism is used to create an off-axis geometry, and two diode laser sources with different wavelengths λ1 = 532 nm and λ2 = 650 nm generate the dual-wavelength compound hologram. In order to extend the measurement range, the phase distribution is obtained using a synthetic wavelength Λ1 = 2930.5 nm. Furthermore, to improve the system's temporal stability and reduce speckle noise, a shorter wavelength (Λ2 = 292.5 nm) is used. The feasibility of the proposed configuration is validated by the experimental results obtained with Molybdenum trioxide, Paramecium, and red blood cell specimens.
Thermal decomposition of trimethylindium and indium trisguanidinate precursors for InN growth: An ab initio and kinetic modeling study
Authors: Damas Giane B. , Rönnby Karl , Pedersen Henrik , Ojamäe Lars 
Published: May 2023

Indium nitride (InN) is an interesting material for future electronic and photonic-related applications, as it combines high electron mobility and low-energy band gap for photoabsorption or emission-driven processes. In this context, atomic layer deposition techniques have been previously employed for InN growth at low temperatures (typically &lt;350 °C), reportedly yielding crystals with high quality and purity. In general, this technique is assumed to not involve any gas phase reactions as a result from the time-resolved insertion of volatile molecular sources into the gas chamber. Nonetheless, such temperatures could still favor the precursor decomposition in the gas phase during the In half-cycle, therefore altering the molecular species that undergoes physisorption and, ultimately, driving the reaction mechanism to pursue other pathways. Thence, we herein evaluate the thermal decomposition of relevant In precursors in the gas phase, namely, trimethylindium (TMI) and tris(N,N′-diisopropyl-2-dimethylamido-guanidinato) indium (III) (ITG), by means of thermodynamic and kinetic modeling. According to the results, at T = 593 K, TMI should exhibit partial decomposition of ∼8% after 400 s to first generate methylindium and ethane (C2H6), a percentage that increases to ∼34% after 1 h of exposure inside the gas chamber. Therefore, this precursor should be present in an intact form to undergo physisorption during the In half-cycle of the deposition (&lt;10 s). On the other hand, the ITG decomposition starts already at the temperatures used in the bubbler, in which it slowly decomposes as it is evaporated during the deposition process. At T = 300 °C, the decomposition is a fast process that reaches 90% completeness after 1 s and where equilibrium, at which almost no ITG remains, is achieved before 10 s. In this case, the decomposition pathway is likely to occur via elimination of the carbodiimide ligand. Ultimately, these results should contribute for a better understanding of the reaction mechanism involved in the InN growth from these precursors.
Low specific contact resistance between InAs/Ni–InAs evaluated by multi-sidewall TLM
Authors: Sumita Kei , Takeyasu Jun , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takagi Shinichi 
Published: May 2023

The specific contact resistance ρint of the InAs/Ni–InAs interface was evaluated by the multi-sidewall transmission line method (MSTLM), where Ni–InAs was formed by alloying Ni and InAs-on-insulator substrates. The revised test structure for MSTLM has been proposed, which can be easily fabricated. By evaluating each component of the parasitic resistance separately, the specific contact resistance of the InAs/Ni–InAs was accurately extracted. As a result, the record low ρint of (4.3 ± 2.5) × 10−9 Ω cm2 among metal/III-V contacts was obtained for the 30-nm-thick InAs/Ni–InAs interface with the average electron concentration of 9.1 × 1018 cm−3 for InAs, which is close to the Landauer limit. The comparison of the experimental and theoretical ρint indicates that there is no potential barrier at the InAs/Ni–InAs interface, which is attributable to the negative Schottky barrier height for electrons of InAs.
Uyghur speakers’ acquisition of Mandarin tones
Authors: Du Zhaojin , Chen Baoya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper, based on Chinese and Uyghur language contact data collected through fieldwork, discusses in detail Uyghur speakers’ acquisition of Mandarin tones. Uyghur speakers map the three native pitch accents from the Uyghur prosodic system, i.e. level, rise, and fall, to the four Mandarin tones. Initially, this mapping is random. As Chinese proficiency improves, the accent-tone mapping becomes stable. The pace, however, is not uniform for the four tones, due to competition among the three accents to map unto a given Mandarin tone. After accent-tone mapping becomes stable, the mapped accents will gradually approximate towards their target tones in pitch value, again at an uneven pace. This quantitative study reveals a two-step process in the emergence of Uyghur Chinese tones: (1) the phonological step of accent-tone mapping involving tonal categories, (2) the phonetic approximation to tonal target. A Uyghur accent does not map directly to a superficially similar tone based on pitch value.
Social status, contact history and the implosives in the Chinese
dialects of Hainan
Authors: Liu Chuntao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Mandarin dialects spoken in former garrison towns and the
surrounding Southern Min and Cantonese dialects in the island of Hainan are
affected by the voiced implosive initials of the local indigenous Kra-Dai
languages in different ways. The garrison dialects with low social status
developed the implosives, like the Southern Min and Cantonese dialects that
pre-dated the establishment of the garrison towns. The garrison dialects with
high social status did not develop the implosives, blocking the Chinese dialects
that arrived later from getting them. The prestigious garrison dialects also
serve as the source of loanwords for the regional Southern Min and Cantonese
dialects.
Surface DBD degradation in humid air, and a hybrid surface-volume DBD for robust plasma operation at high humidity
Authors: Avino F , Howling A A , Von Allmen M , Waskow A , Ibba L , Han J , Furno I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Surface dielectric barrier discharge performance deteriorates in humid air, with permanent and/or reversible degradation of its components. Plasma operation in a humid environment is unavoidable when humid air or water-containing materials are treated. Experimental and numerical results indicate that an electrically conductive thin film of water is responsible for ohmic dissipation and inhibited plasma ignition at high relative humidity. An alternative hybrid surface-volume dielectric barrier discharge design provides more stable and uniform plasma operation in high-humidity atmospheres.
A review on recent progress in organic photovoltaic devices for indoor applications
Authors: Kumar Gautham , Chen Fang-Chung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have shown great potential as a new generation of energy sources because they possess many unique properties, including mechanical flexibility, light weight, semitransparency, and low fabrication costs. In particular, OPV devices exhibit high power conversion efficiencies under indoor and low-level lighting conditions. Therefore, they can function as promising energy sources in low-light or cloudy environments for many applications, including the Internet of Things, wearable electronics, and sensors. In this article, we review recent progress in OPV devices for these special applications. We start with an introduction to the fundamental principles of OPVs. Then, we review the preparation and design principles of the photoactive layers for indoor applications. We also highlight the importance of interlayers in high-performance photovoltaic devices under indoor and/or low-level lighting illumination conditions. Recent efforts to improve the efficiencies of indoor OPV devices using plasmonic nanostructures are also summarized. Finally, we examine the progress in large-area devices and modules for indoor and/or low-level lighting applications. We believe that the rapid progress in indoor OPV cells and modules will trigger the development of low-cost, highly efficient OPV products for indoor applications in the near future.
Black phosphorus/Bi2MoO6 Z-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Su Tongming , Sun Manying , Wu Jing , Chen Liuyun , Ji Hongbing , Qin Zuzeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The photocatalytic CO2 reaction is considered to be an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper presents how a novel and efficient 2D/2D black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNS)–Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst was synthesized and used for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Compared to Bi2MoO6, the photocatalytic activity of the BPNS–Bi2MoO6 composite photocatalyst was significantly improved. When the mass ratio of BPNS to Bi2MoO6 was 1:100, the BPNS–Bi2MoO6 photocatalyst exhibited optimal activity for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, and the production of CO reached 72.8 μmol g−1 after reaction for 4 h, which is 1.5 times more than that of Bi2MoO6. Moreover, the BPNS–Bi2MoO6 showed high stability for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction; after reaction for four cycle experiments, the production of CO only reduced by 10%. The enhanced light absortion, enhanced separation of electrons and holes, and the tight 2D/2D heterojunction formed between BPNS and Bi2MoO6 account for the high photocatalytic performance of BPNS/Bi2MoO6.
Electrokinetic cells powered by osmotic gradients: an analytic survey of asymmetric wall potentials and hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Sánchez G , Méndez F , Ramos E A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nowadays, the fabrication of microelectromechanical systems has given rise to several studies whose main purpose is to obtain the greater benefit of micro-nano scales, putting special interest in the improvement of the design of such devices. One of several applications is harvesting energy due to electrokinetic phenomena, more specifically, streaming potential. Nonetheless, there is a lack of theoretical studies encompassing coupled asymmetries in both slip conditions and electric potentials (these being associated with the chemical and physical characteristics of the surfaces). By virtue of the previous explanation, ideal assumptions based on the symmetry of some variables must be reconsidered, especially when manufacturing symmetric flat surfaces on a tiny scale is quite difficult to achieve. This work presents a theoretical study in power generation, exploiting streaming potentials produced by an asymmetric membrane which in turn prompts a flux inside a microchannel made of two flat parallel surfaces. The driving force in this electrokinetic battery is the osmotic gradient on both sides of the membrane. The model uses the Debye–Hückel approximation together with the appropriate asymmetric boundary conditions for both slips and potentials on the surfaces. The main variables of interest, such as the dimensionless horizontal velocity component, the pressure field, and the average streaming potential, were estimated.
A vision subsampling probsparse self-attention-based informer for bearing remaining useful life prediction
Authors: Li MingLei , Geng Yanfeng , Pan Guangliang , Wang Weiliang , Wang Hongyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bearing remaining useful life (RUL) prediction has always been a central topic in the industry field, the aim of which is to optimize system safety and sustainability. The validity of prediction models and the accuracy of prediction results are affected by mid-term singularities and terminal mutations, under time-domain bearing vibration information. In this paper, a network structure-cascaded dilated convolution vision informer (CDC-Vii) is put forward to precisely forecast the RUL of bearings, which uses the time–frequency fault features as input. CDC-Vii breaks the limitation of the original Informer, which is only sensitive to time-series information. An adaptive fault frequency band selection algorithm is proposed, which can reduce training time while utilizing rich time–frequency information. Based on the Informer architecture, the attention mechanism is improved to form vision subsampling probsparse self-attention (VSPS). VSPS can precisely assign spatial attention weights and reduce computational complexity. At the same time, a truncated relative position encoding technique is proposed to strengthen the position dependence between attention information. Moreover, cascaded dilated convolution enhances the image contrast of faulty frequency bands while enlarging the use of the receptive field. Experiments on two extensively utilized bearing datasets reveal that CDC-Vii surpasses the advanced RUL prediction models.
Rational engineering NiMoO4 nanosheets or Mn3O4 nanowires on Fe2O3 microdiscs as novel hierarchical anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Xiangbing , Ding Yingyi , Bai Haiyuan , Ding Qian , Lin Xirong , Liu Jinyun , Sun Zhengming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Since current graphite-based lithium-ion battery anode has a low theoretical capacity, the development of high-performance lithium-ion battery is severely restricted. Here, novel hierarchical composites composing of microdisc and the secondarily grown nanosheets and nanowires are developed, taking NiMoO4 nanosheets and Mn3O4 nanowires growing on Fe2O3 microdiscs as demonstrating examples. The growth processes of the hierarchical structures have been investigated by adjusting a series of preparation conditions. The morphologies and structures have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope and x-ray diffraction. Fe2O3@Mn3O4 composite-based anode displays a capacity of 713 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 with a high Coulombic efficiency. A good rate-performance is also achieved. Fe2O3@NiMoO4 anode delivers 539 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, which is obviously higher than that of pure Fe2O3. The hierarchical structure is conducive to improve the transport of electrons and ions, and provide numerous active sites, thus significantly enhancing the electrochemical performance. Moreover, the electron transfer performance is investigated by using density functional theory calculations. It is expected the findings presented here and the rational engineering of nanosheets/nanowires on microdiscs would be applicable for developing many other high-performance energy-storage composites.
Focused ion beam lithography for position-controlled nanowire growth
Authors: Mosberg Aleksander B , Ren Dingding , Ahtapodov Lyubomir , Weman Helge , Fimland Bjørn-Ove , van Helvoort Antonius T J 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
To exploit the promising properties of semiconductor nanowires and ensure the uniformity required to achieve device integration, their position on the growth substrate must be controlled. This work demonstrates the direct patterning of a SiO2/Si substrate using focused ion beam (FIB) patterning to control self-catalyzed GaAsSb nanowire growth in molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Besides position control, FIB patterning parameters influence nanowire yield, composition and structure. Total ion dose per hole is found to be the most important parameter. Yield of single nanowires ranges from ≈34% to ≈83%, with larger holes dominated by multiple nanowires per hole. Areas exposed to low ion beam doses are selectively etched by routine pre-MBE HF cleaning, enabling patterning and nanowire nucleation with minimal damage to the Si substrate. The optical and electronic properties of nanowires are found to depend on the ion dose used during patterning, indicating the potential for FIB patterning to tune nanowire properties. These findings demonstrate the possibility for a FIB lithography protocol which could provide a rapid and direct patterning process for flexible controlled nanowire growth.
Two-dimensional material-based complementary ambipolar field-effect transistors with ohmic-like contacts
Authors: Park Jimin , Son Jangyup , Park Sang Kyu , Lee Dong Su , Jeon Dae-Young 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Ambipolar field-effect transistors (FETs) possessing both electron and hole carriers enable implementation of novel reconfigurable transistors, artificial synaptic transistors, and output polarity controllable (OPC) amplifiers. Here, we fabricated a two-dimensional (2D) material-based complementary ambipolar FET and investigated its electrical characteristics. Properties of ohmic-like contacts at source/drain sides were verified from output characteristics and temperature-dependent measurements. The symmetry of electron and hole currents can be easily achieved by optimization of the MoS2 or WSe2 channels, different from the conventional ambipolar FET with fundamental issues related to Schottky barriers. In addition, we demonstrated successful operation of a complementary inverter and OPC amplifier, using the fabricated complementary ambipolar FET based on 2D materials.
Formation mechanisms of striations in a filamentary dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric-pressure argon
Authors: Jovanović Aleksandar P , Hoder Tomáš , Höft Hans , Loffhagen Detlef , Becker Markus M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Formation mechanisms of striations along the discharge channel of a single-filament dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in argon at atmospheric pressure are investigated by means of a time-dependent, spatially two-dimensional fluid-Poisson model. The model is applied to a one-sided DBD arrangement with a 1.5 mm gap using a sinusoidal high voltage at the powered metal electrode. The discharge conditions are chosen to mimic experimental conditions for which striations have been observed. It is found that the striations form in both half-periods during the transient glow phase, which follows the streamer breakdown phase. The modelling results show that the distinct striated structures feature local spatial maxima and minima in charged and excited particle densities, which are more pronounced during the positive polarity. Their formation is explained by a repetitive stepwise ionisation of metastable argon atoms and ionisation of excimers, causing a disturbance of the spatial distribution of charge carriers along the discharge channel. The results emphasise the importance of excited states and stepwise ionisation processes on the formation of repetitive ionisation waves, eventually leading to striations along the discharge channel.