bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and biologic characterization of lymphocyte regulatory molecules. IV. Purification of Interleukin 2 from a murine T cell lymphoma.
Authors: Mochizuki D , Watson J , Gillis S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A cloned murine T cell line, LBRM-33 5A4, growing in culture can be activated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) to secrete Interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity. In the absence of PHA, LBRM cells do not produce IL-2. The chemical and biologic properties of LBRM-derived IL-2 are compared to those of murine spleen-derived IL-2. The fractionation of culture supernatants from PHA-activated LBRM cells by ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing (IEF) reveals that IL-2 activity is contained in a class of molecules indistinguishable in size (30,000) and charge (pI 4.3-4.7 and 4.9-5.1) from murine spleen IL-2. LBRM-derived IL-2 also exhibits the entire spectrum of biologic activities exhibited by spleen IL-2, stimulating the growth of established T cell lines in culture, the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in thymocyte cultures and the induction of antibody responses in nude spleen cultures. Both LBRM and splenic-derived IL-2 activities exhibit similar properties after digestion with proteases, and various chemical and temperature treatments. Since IL-2 is derived from a cloned cell line, it is likely these lymphocyte assays are detecting a single class of molecules that act directly on activated T cells. The use of LBRM cells as a source of IL-2 should greatly facilitate studies on the molecular characterization and biologic activity of this class of lymphocyte regulatory molecules.
Functional properties of Ly 11.2 lymphocytes: a role for these cells in leukemia?
Authors: Meruelo D , Paolino A , Flieger N , Dworkin J , Offer M , Hirayama N , Ovary Z 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Functional studies of lymphocyte subpopulations reveal that Ly 11.2, a newly defined T cell surface antigen, is present on prothymocytes and natural killer cells, but not on suppressor T cells for antigen-specific IgE antibody responses, Ly 1+, 2-, 3- helper T cells nor on tumor-specific cytotoxic effector cells. Changes in the expression of Ly 11.2 regularly accompany leukemogenesis and are quite distinct from changes of other cell surface antigens thus far observed. After intrathymic inoculation of radiation leukemia virus (RadLV), many more Ly 11.2-positive cells are found expressing viral antigens than cells expressing other cell surface phenotypes. In addition, after RadLV inoculation, significantly more Ly 11.2-positive cells can be found in the thymus of susceptible mice than in the thymus of resistant mice. The greater availability of permissive (Ly 11.2-positive) cells in susceptible vs resistant hosts at the time when infectious virus is present may account for the shorter latency period and high leukemia incidence of susceptible vs resistant mice.
Mechanism of lymphocyte activation. II. Requirements for macromolecular synthesis in the production of lymphokines.
Authors: Varesio L , Holden H T , Taramelli D 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Reversible inhibitors of protein synthesis, cycloheximide and puromycin, and an irreversible inhibitor of RNA synthesis, actinomycin D, were employed to study the kinetics and types of macromolecular synthetic events required for the production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and macrophage activating factor (MAF) by Con A-stimulated lymphocytes. Reversible inhibition of protein synthesis during the first 2 hr of stimulation completely inhibited MIF and MAF production. The same treatment, performed 4 hr after the beginning of the stimulation, had no effect. When the inhibitors of protein synthesis were left in the cultures, a block of lymphokine production was observed when the drugs were added at 6 hr as well as at time 0. In contrast, irreversible inhibition of RNA synthesis at 6 hr was ineffective and only treatment at the beginning of culture blocked lymphokine production. These data suggest that a critical protein is synthesized during the first few hours of stimulation, which is required for subsequent production of lymphokines. After this special early requirement, however, continued protein synthesis is needed for lymphokine production. In contrast, the RNA required for MIF and MAF production seemed to be completely synthesized within 4 to 6 hr of stimulation. The possibility that suppressor macrophages inhibit lymphokine production via modulation of macromolecular synthesis is discussed.
Long-term survival of murine allogeneic bone marrow chimeras: effect of anti-lymphocyte serum and bone marrow dose.
Authors: Norin A J , Emeson E E , Veith F J 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) and failure of donor stem cells to engraft permanently are two major obstacles to successful bone marrow transplantation. We evaluated the effect of a single large dose of anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) on mice receiving various numbers of H-2 incompatible bone marrow cells. Most animals receiving lethal total body irradiation (TBI) and allogeneic marrow died within 45 days due to GVHD, A/J (H-2a), CBA/J (H-2k), and DBA/1J (H-2q) mice that were given ALS 6 to 24 hr before TBI and C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) bone marrow 24 hr after irradiation survived in good health for more than 200 days. This result compared quite favorably with mice that received anti-Thy 1.2 and C-treated B6 bone marrow (90% survival at 100 days, 50% survival at 200 days). Engraftment of the allogeneic marrow was dose dependent. At 100 days after TBI, about 30% of the A/J mice given 2 x 10(6) bone marrow cells were complete chimeras, i.e., donor H-2 antigens could be detected on greater than 85% of the peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of these mice. However, at a dose of 1 x 10(7) B6 bone marrow cells, 95% of the A/J mice were complete chimeras. Spleen and bone marrow from B6 leads to A/J chimeras and B6 leads to CBA chimeras were unable to induce lethal GVHD in TBI-treated mice that were syngeneic to the recipient. However, these cell preparations caused lethal GVHD in third party mice indicating that the lack of alloreactivity was specific to the strain in which the unresponsiveness was originally induced.
In in vitro production and cloning of the P cell, a bone marrow-derived null cell that expresses H-2 and Ia-antigens, has mast cell-like granules, and is regulated by a factor released by activated T cells.
Authors: Schrader J W 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A technique, based on selective culture conditions, is described for the preparation from mouse spleen of a pure population of Ig-negative, Thy.1-negative and Lyt.1- and Lyt.2-negative nonadherent cells, termed persisting (P) cells. Antigens coded for by the H2-K, H2-D, and I regions were readily detectable on the surface of P cells. P cells grew for long periods in vitro provided that a factor produced by activated T cells, but distinct from T cell growth factor, was present. It was demonstrated that P cells were bone marrow derived. When P cells were examined in suspension, a variable number of fine cytoplasmic projections could be seen waving from the cell, often at 1 pole. The nuclei varied in shape, being round, in general, but with bilobed and irregular forms occurring, and the cytoplasm contained large numbers of characteristic metachromatic granules. P cells had readily detectable Fc receptors but did not phagocytose latex particles or antibody-coated erythrocytes. P cells formed colonies in soft agar in the presence of growth factors, and cloned lines could be propagated from these colonies. The relationship of P cells to mast cells and Ia-positive accessory cells and their possible role in T cell activation is discussed.
Alloimmune cytolytic T lymphocyte activity: triggering and expression of killing mechanisms in cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Authors: Wei W Z , Lindquist R R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Nonspecific target cells were bound to alloimmune cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) by either wheat germ agglutinin or immunoglobulin and evidence of nonspecific target cell killing was sought by the 51Cr-release method. None was found. Thus, merely "gluing" CTL to target cells is not sufficient to effect target cell destruction. In order to determine if the killing mechanisms of CTL, once triggered, would kill adhering nonspecific target cells, CTL with adhering nonspecific target cells were mixed with specific targets. Under these conditions specific target cells were killed but the nonspecific target cells adhering to CTL by virtue of either wheat germ agglutinin or immunoglobulin bridges were not. Thus, when antigen-specific receptors on CTL interact with specific target cell antigens, killing mechanisms are activated in a local restricted manner rather than globally throughout the surface of the CTL.
Isolation of a subset of thymocytes inducible for terminal transferase biosynthesis.
Authors: Cayre Y , de Sostoa A , Silverstone A E 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A new technique using direct binding of nucleated hematopoietic cells to PNA-coated rabbit red blood cell monolayers was used to separate PNA + and PNA - cells from murine thymus. The rigorously purified PNA - thymocyte population was found to lack TdT and to be low in TL. Incubation of the negative fraction with TP 5 resulted in the synthesis of TdT in a large number of cells in the fraction, and the appearance of TL on the surface of about 20% of the cells. Isolation of this inducible population has led us to propose a new class of cells in intrathymic T cell development.
Epitope-specific antibody feedback regulation of the humoral immune response against sheep erythrocytes in vitro: specific effects of anti-antigen antibody vs nonspecific T cell activities.
Authors: Zubler R H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Antibody formed during a 1st in vitro anti-SRBC PFC response had previously been shown to inhibit the formation of PFC when added to a 2nd, freshly established test culture. This effect was to a large extent restricted to test cultures containing B cells sharing VH genes with the B cells producing the initial antibody, and this suggested that anti-SRBC antibody acted via triggering of an anti-idiotypic antibody of TS response. In the present studies this system has been further characterized. First, such antibody feedback occurred in cultures of purified and anti-Lyt2 antiserum and complement-treated surface Ig-positive cells in which TH were substituted for by T-replacing factor. Thus, T cells were not required. Moreover, T cells were always nonspecifically activated in cultures containing FCS. Secondly, anti-idiotypic antibody-like activity was not detected in the sense that generation of inhibitory antibody was never found to be dissociated from generation of anti-SRBC antibody, and LPS-dependent anti-SRBC PFC responses were not inhibited. However, feedback inhibition of SRBC-dependent responses was reversed at increased SRBC concentrations. Thirdly, the feedback mechanism was highly epitope specific, whereas in vitro anti-SRBC PFC responses of different mouse strains (B6 vs BALB/c) were directed to a large extent against different epitopes. These data strongly suggest that VH-restricted inhibitory activity of antibody in this system is a manifestation of epitope specificity of the antibody feedback and not of idiotype specificity, i.e., that anti-SRBC antibody acts via masking of epitopes.
Anti-recipient cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors are present in the spleens of mice with acute graft versus host disease due to minor histocompatibility antigens.
Authors: Hamilton B L , Bevan M J , Parkman R 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A model for bone marrow transplantation across minor histocompatibility barriers was developed by using mouse strains that were H-2 identical and mutually non-reactive in MLC. Acute graft-vs-host disease was induced only when donor lymphoid cells were included in the marrow inoculum, in both C57BL/6 recipients of LP cells and BALB/c recipients of B10.D2/nSN cells. GVHD was prevented by treating the lymphoid cells with anti-Thy 1.2 and C before transplantation. Spleen cells from mice with acute GVHD were not directly cytotoxic to recipient strain target cells. However, when spleen cells from mice with GVHD were boosted in vitro to recipient strain stimulator cells they generated a specific anti-recipient cytotoxic response. Spleen cells from mice without GVHD did not generate a cytotoxic response in vitro. The cytotoxic effector cells and their precursors were shown to be T lymphocytes. This model and the in vitro method described may be useful in further studies of the immunobiology of GVHD due to minor histocompatibility antigens and of transplantation tolerance.
MLC-conditioned media stimulate an increase in Fc receptors on human macrophages.
Authors: Guyre P M , Crabtree G R , Bodwell J E , Munck A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Macrophage Fc receptors (FcR) are essential for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and for optimal phagocytosis of opsonized particulate antigens. Culture in the presence of conditioned medium from mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC-CM) resulted in a dose- and time-dependent increase (up to 10-fold) in FcR-dependent binding of 125I-labeled IgG1 to promyelocytic HL-60 cells, macrophage-like U-937 cells, and normal cultured human monocytes. FcR increase in HL-60 cells was blocked by cycloheximide (100 microM) and was accompanied by a slight decrease in binding affinity. Since cell volume did not change, the increase in FcR probably represents an increase in the surface density of FcR sites. MLC-CM prepared with or without serum were equally effective in augmenting FcR sites, whereas only serum-containing MLC-CM caused morphologic change of U-937 and HL-60 cells.
Enhancement of the chemotactic activity of human C5a des Arg by an anionic polypeptide ("cochemotaxin") in normal serum and plasma.
Authors: Perez H D , Goldstein I M , Webster R O , Henson P M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The potent chemoattractant, C5a is converted rapidly to C5a des Arg by a carboxypeptidase-like enzyme in normal human serum and plasma. Highly purified human C5a des Arg, at concentrations less than 120 ng/ml, is devoid of chemotactic activity for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. We have found that normal human serum and plasma contain a heat-stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), anionic polypeptide ("cochemotaxin") that permits low concentrations of C5a des Arg (20 to 160 ng/ml) to exhibit significant chemotactic activity. The "cochemotaxin" was isolated from serum and plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation, molecular sieve chromatography, and anion-exchange chromatography. It was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and was found to have an Mr of approximately 60,000 (determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The concentration of "cochemotaxin" in normal serum and plasma was estimated to be 4.0 microgram/ml. Purified "cochemotaxin" acted in a concentration-dependent fashion to permit low concentrations (20 to 160 ng/ml) of C5a des Arg to attract polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Chemotactic activity varied with the input of C5a des Arg and "cochemotaxin" and was maximal when the 2 polypeptides were combined at equal protein concentrations. The profile of chemotactic activity exhibited by C5a des Arg and its "cochemotaxin" very closely resembled that exhibited by dilutions of activated serum and by highly purified C5a. These data suggest that the bulk of chemotactic activity generated in whole serum after complement activation can be accounted for by C5a des Arg and its "cochemotaxin".
Properties of sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured Interleukin 2.
Authors: Caplan B , Gibbs C , Paetkau V 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Murine Interleukin 2 (IL2) was denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with or without concomitant reduction of disulfide bonds. Between 50 and 100% of the activity was recovered upon removal of SDS. When SDS-denatured IL2 was chromatographed on a calibrated gel filtration column in the presence of SDS, it eluted with proteins of m.w. 16,000. This value is supported by sedimentation velocity studies in SDS-containing glycerol gradients. Three activities previously associated with IL2, namely the obligatory role in thymocyte mitogenesis, helper activity in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and T cell growth factor activity, co-purified after SDS denaturation. These results indicate that the essential component of murine IL2 is a peptide of m.w. about 16,000. The 3 species of Interleukin 2 studied so far--rat, human, and murine--thus can all exist as polypeptide chains of 15,000 to 16,000 m.w. The murine factor is normally isolated as a larger entity, of about twice this m.w.
Detection of the dominant expression of the TEPC-15 idiotypic determinant(s) on phosphorylcholine-specific suppressor T lymphocytes in vitro.
Authors: Kohmo T , Yamamoto H , Mizuochi T , Hamaoka T 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Phosphorylcholine-(PC) specific suppressor T lymphocytes, induced by immunization with PC-coupled syngeneic spleen cells and capable of suppressing antibody production in an in vitro system, were successfully obtained by removal of a PC-nonspecific, i.e., diazo-phenylstructure-directed, suppressor cell population using an immunoadsorbent column coupling an unrelated hapten with a diazo phenyl structure such as azobenzene arsonate (ABA). Column-purified PC-specific suppressor T cell activity was completely abrogated by treatment of the cells with anti-TEPC-15 (T-15) anti-idiotypic antibody and complement, or by the continuous presence of that antibody in the culture, whereas nonpurified suppressor cell activity was resistant to such treatment. Thus, the column-purified PC-specific suppressor T lymphocytes in BALB/c mice have a very homogeneous T-15 idiotypic determinant(s) on their functional receptors for antigen similar to those present on PC-specific antibody and/or B lymphocytes. Because of these results, we envision the growing importance of analysis of the fine specificity of the idiotype repertoire of T lymphocytes after purification of a hapten-specific population.
Increased peripheral blood monocytes with Fc receptors for IgE in patients with severe allergic disorders.
Authors: Melewicz F M , Zeiger R S , Mellon M H , O'Connor R D , Spiegelberg H L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Peripheral blood monocytes, defined as latex bead-ingesting mononuclear cells, from 15 healthy nonallergic donors and 22 patients with allergic disorders were analyzed for Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon) by a rosette assay employing ox erythrocytes coated with IgE. The patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I: 12 patients with mild to moderate atopic disease and serum IgE levels up to 2300 IU/ml. Group II: 6 patients with severe generalized atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, of which 5 had IgE serum levels of 8000 to 77,500 IU/ml. Group III: 4 severely atopic patients with IgE levels greater than 10,000 IU/ml and receiving oral corticosteroids. The numbers of monocytes were similar in healthy donors and patients. In contrast, severely atopic patients (Group II) had significantly more (p less than 0.01) Fc epsilon + monocytes (107 +/- 42/mm3) than healthy donors (20 +/- 14/mm3) or patients of Group I (31 +/- 14/mm3). Patients of Group III had significantly fewer (p less than 0.05) Fc epsilon + monocytes (12 +/- 16/mm3) than controls and patients of Groups I and II. We conclude that patients with severe allergic disorders have a significant increase of peripheral blood monocytes with Fc receptors for IgE, which suggests that these cells may participate in the pathophysiology of atopic disease.
Nature of double-stranded DNA binding activity in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: formation of low avidity DNA/rheumatoid factor/IgG/low density lipoprotein complexes.
Authors: Winfield J B , Shaw M , Taylor R P , Eisenberg R A 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Sera from majority of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, which generally lacked detectable anti-double stranded DNA in Farr, Crithidia luciliae, and microcomplement fixation assays, exhibited high levels of dsDNA binding in the presence of 3.5% polyethylene glycol when using intrinsically labeled 3H-PM2 DNA as antigen. Except for SLE, such increased dsDNA binding was absent in normal and a variety of other disease sera, including those from patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis. In contrast to the situation in SLE, in which dsDNA binding is mediated by specific anti-DNA antibody, the increased dsDNA binding activity in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis was shown to be dependent upon complex low avidity interactions involving DNA, IgG, IgM rheumatoid factor, and low density lipoproteins. Analysis of the composition of the polyethylene glycol serum precipitates by 2-dimensional gel diffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis failed to reveal the presence of additional DNA-binding proteins unique to seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. The only feature distinguishing high DNA binding sera from those with low DNA binding activity was an increased amount of polyethylene glycol-insoluble IgG in the former, presumably reflecting IgG/IgG and/or IgG/IgM complexes. The significance of these unusual DNA/low density lipoprotein/IgG/rheumatoid factor complexes with respect to the diagnostic specificity and pathophysiology of the DNA/anti-DNA system is discussed.
Glucocorticoid receptor content of T lymphocytes: evidence for heterogeneity.
Authors: Distelhorst C W , Benutto B M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Glucocorticoid receptors were measured in T lymphocytes that were isolated from peripheral blood by either nylon wool filtration or E-rosette sedimentation. T cells isolated by nylon wool filtration specifically bind 6.7 +/- 0.2 fmol of dexamethasone per million cells (equivalent to 4000 +/- 200 receptors per cell), whereas T cells isolated by E-rosette sedimentation bind 12.0 +/- 0.7 fmol of dexamethasone per million cells (equivalent to 7200 +/- 400 receptors per cell). This difference in the amount of dexamethasone bound by the two T cell preparations was significant (p less than .001) and was present immediately after cell isolation. The binding affinities of the different T cell preparations for dexamethasone were similar. T cells that are isolated by a combination of nylon wool filtration followed by E-rosette sedimentation bind the same amount of dexamethasone as T cells isolated by nylon wool filtration alone. T cells isolated by a combination of E-rosette sedimentation following by nylon wool filtration bind less dexamethasone than do T cells isolated by E-rosette sedimentation alone. These findings suggest that T cells are heterogeneous with respect to their quantity of glucocorticoid receptors. Isolation of T cells by E-rosette sedimentation enriches for T cells that have a greater number of glucocorticoid receptors, and isolation of T cells by nylon wool filtration enriches for T cells that have a lesser number of glucocorticoid receptors.