bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Trauma Molecular Endotypes With Differential Response to Transfusion Resuscitation Strategies
Authors: Thau Matthew R. , Liu Ted , Sathe Neha A. , O’Keefe Grant E. , Robinson Bryce R. H. , Bulger Eileen , Wade Charles E. , Fox Erin E. , Holcomb John B. , Liles W. Conrad , Stanaway Ian B. , Mikacenic Carmen , Wurfel Mark M. , Bhatraju Pavan K. , Morrell Eric D. 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceIt is not clear which severely injured patients with hemorrhagic shock may benefit most from a 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 (plasma:platelets:red blood cells) resuscitation strategy. Identification of trauma molecular endotypes may reveal subgroups of patients with differential treatment response to various resuscitation strategies.ObjectiveTo derive trauma endotypes (TEs) from molecular data and determine whether these endotypes are associated with mortality and differential treatment response to 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 resuscitation strategies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a secondary analysis of the Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) randomized clinical trial. The study cohort included individuals with severe injury from 12 North American trauma centers. The cohort was taken from the participants in the PROPPR trial who had complete plasma biomarker data available. Study data were analyzed on August 2, 2021, to October 25, 2022.ExposuresTEs identified by K-means clustering of plasma biomarkers collected at hospital arrival.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAn association between TEs and 30-day mortality was tested using multivariable relative risk (RR) regression adjusting for age, sex, trauma center, mechanism of injury, and injury severity score (ISS). Differential treatment response to transfusion strategy was assessed using an RR regression model for 30-day mortality by incorporating an interaction term for the product of endotype and treatment group adjusting for age, sex, trauma center, mechanism of injury, and ISS.ResultsA total of 478 participants (median [IQR] age, 34.5 [25-51] years; 384 male [80%]) of the 680 participants in the PROPPR trial were included in this study analysis. A 2-class model that had optimal performance in K-means clustering was found. TE-1 (n = 270) was characterized by higher plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers (eg, interleukin 8 and tumor necrosis factor α) and significantly higher 30-day mortality compared with TE-2 (n = 208). There was a significant interaction between treatment arm and TE for 30-day mortality. Mortality in TE-1 was 28.6% with 1:1:2 treatment vs 32.6% with 1:1:1 treatment, whereas mortality in TE-2 was 24.5% with 1:1:2 treatment vs 7.3% with 1:1:1 treatment (P for interaction = .001).Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this secondary analysis suggest that endotypes derived from plasma biomarkers in trauma patients at hospital arrival were associated with a differential response to 1:1:1 vs 1:1:2 resuscitation strategies in trauma patients with severe injury. These findings support the concept of molecular heterogeneity in critically ill trauma populations and have implications for tailoring therapy for patients at high risk for adverse outcomes.
Coarse woody habitat use by local fish species and structural integrity of enhancements over time in a shallow northern boreal lake assessed in a Bayesian modelling approach
Authors: Theis Sebastian , Ruppert Jonathan L. W. , Poesch Mark S. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

The introduction of coarse woody habitat has been a widely adopted management practice for restoring and enhancing freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Although responses of aquatic fish and invertebrate communities have largely been documented for lotic systems, benefits for lentic ecosystems have been mostly unevaluated.

We tested the responses of fish populations to coarse woody habitat structures through a Bayesian modelling approach in a northern boreal lake in Alberta, Canada by enhancing a stretch of littoral zone with low structural complexity through introduction of coarse wood bundles and whole tree structures. The study site was split into three treatments, a Spaced treatment (structures 30 m apart), a Clustered treatment (structures 15 m apart) and an unaltered area (Control).

Catch per unit effort and catch per unit area data were collected over 2 years and posterior model predictions showed an increase in habitat use of the enhanced areas by spottail shiner—Notropis hudsonius; northern pike—Esox lucius; white sucker—Catostomus commersonii; brook stickleback—Culaea inconstans. No probable effect on overall fish condition, measured in Relative Weight, was linked to the enhancements.

Across the 2‐year study, wood bundles degraded faster compared to the whole tree drops, coinciding with levelling off catch per unit effort and catch per unit area predictions near wood bundles, although catch predictions increased near the whole tree structures. Structural degradation set in as early as 1 week post‐construction for wood bundles and was mostly related to anchoring aspects.

Results from our study provide evidence for the benefits provided by coarse woody habitat within northern boreal lake systems. They furthermore highlight the short‐lived nature of wood bundles built with biodegradable substances. Methodologically our results offer evidence on the feasibility and utility of predictive modelling frameworks in addressing pseudoreplication and providing informative value for ecological studies.
Study on tribological properties of high entropy alloy composite coatings with different tungsten carbide contents in laser cladding
Authors: Chen Baijiang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe severe working conditions of mining machinery make the wear of its parts extremely serious, thus reducing its service life, increasing the probability of accidents, and may cause huge economic wastage. So promoting the improvement of mining machinery is imperative, and the melting of wear‐resistant layer on the surface of wear‐prone equipment is a more effective improvement method. The study was performed by laser fusing a composite coating of CoCrFeNiMn high‐entropy alloy with different WC contents, and a second phase was generated in the coating by an additive method to achieve the strengthening of the coating. The experiments revealed that all the coatings had FCC phase as the main phase by analyzing the phase conformation, structure, stiffness, and abrasiveness. When the WC dosage exceeded 20 wt.%, Fe3W3 (M6C) carbide reinforced phases with different morphologies were produced in the coatings. Forty wt.% of the coatings showed the highest hardness, which was 3.1 times better than that of the coatings without WC particles, and 30 wt.% of the coatings showed the best abrasiveness. HT0 coatings showed the least friction factor of 0.27. HT600 and HT800 corresponded to friction factors of 0.37 and 0.35, respectively. The coefficient of friction of the coating was most stable after about 3 min at room temperature, and the wear phase took longer after annealing. During the break‐in phase, the precipitated phase has a supportive effect and prolongs the break‐in period. The coating using the studied method improves the wear resistance of mechanical parts and extends their service life, which has some economic and practical value.
Precise Regulation of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by ROS‐Responsive Prodrug Coated Balloon for Preventing Vascular Restenosis
Authors: Zhao Jing , Fu Jia‐yin , Jia Fan , Li Jian , Yu Bo , Huang Yue , Ren Ke‐feng , Ji Jian , Fu Guo‐sheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVascular restenosis after balloon dilation is largely caused by the over‐proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which is triggered and exacerbated by local excessive inflammation and oxidative stress. The excessive inflammatory and oxidative stress cause tissue/cell damage, hamper endothelial functions, and worsen intimal hyperplasia and restenosis. A high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction is regarded as the main culprit. Therefore, efficiently inhibiting ROS over‐production or weightily depleting them is of great significance. Herein, a “ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug” is introduced into balloon coating for the treatment of vascular restenosis. A reversible phenylboronic ester‐bearing caffeic acid (CA) macromolecular prodrug (PBC) is designed for the controlled and on‐demand dual‐drug release triggered by the local high ROS level; the released CA and 4‐hydroxybenzyl alcohol exhibit efficient antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects by scavenging ROS, thereby regulating vascular microenvironment and protecting endothelium functions. To accelerate endothelium regeneration, pro‐endothelial microRNA‐126 is further introduced. The ROS‐responsive/scavenging prodrug/miRNA balloon coating efficiently prevents intimal hyperplasia, alleviates local inflammation, and improves endothelium healing in a rat abdominal aorta restenosis model, which may provide applicative perspectives for next‐generation drug‐coated balloons and other cardiovascular diseases treatment.
Stable Non‐flammable Phosphate Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries via Solvation Regulation by the Additive
Authors: Jiang Gaoxue , Liu Jiandong , Wang Zhongsheng , Ma Jianmin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe application of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is impeded by safety concerns. Employing non‐flammable electrolytes can improve battery reliability while the cost and performance deterioration limit their popularization. Herein, a high‐performance non‐flammable electrolyte is designed, 1.5 m LiTFSI in propylene carbonate (PC)/triethyl phosphate (TEP) (4:1 by vol.) with 4‐nitrophenyl trifluoroacetate (TFANP) as the additive, which can facilitate the construction of LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on Li anode surface and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on cathode surface through its prioritized decomposition. In TFANP‐containing electrolyte, the decreased TEP coordination number in the solvation sheath relieves the adverse effect of active TEP on both the SEI and CEI for suppressing the growth of Li dendrites and reducing the continuous electrolyte consumption. Thus, the Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 battery with such an electrolyte can deliver 132 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles with high coulombic efficiency (99.5%) and superior rate performance (110 mAh g−1 at 5 C, 1 C = 200 mA g−1). This work provides a new additive insight on non‐flammable electrolyte for reliable LMBs.
CO2 Conversion Toward Real‐World Applications: Electrocatalysis versus CO2 Batteries
Authors: Xu Changfan , Dong Yulian , Zhao Huaping , Lei Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion technologies have become new favorites for addressing environmental and energy issues, especially with direct electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 (ECO2RR) and alkali metal‐CO2 (M–CO2) batteries as representatives. They are poised to create new economic drivers while also paving the way for a cleaner and more sustainable future for humanity. Although still far from practical application, ECO2RR has been intensively investigated over the last few years, with some achievements. In stark contrast, M–CO2 batteries, especially aqueous and hybrid M–CO2 batteries, offer the potential to combine energy storage and ECO2RR into an integrated system, but their research is still in the early stages. This article gives an insightful review, comparison, and analysis of recent advances in ECO2RR and M–CO2 batteries, illustrating their similarities and differences, aiming to advance their development and innovation. Considering the crucial role of well‐designed functional materials in facilitating ECO2RR and M–CO2 batteries, special attention is paid to the development of rational design strategies for functional materials and components, such as electrodes/catalysts, electrolytes, and membranes/separators, at the industrial level and their impact on CO2 conversion. Moreover, future perspectives and research suggestions for ECO2RR and M–CO2 batteries are presented to facilitate practical applications.
Bioinspired Superwetting Open Microfluidics: From Concepts, Phenomena to Applications
Authors: Si Yifan , Li Chuxin , Hu Jinlian , Zhang Chengqi , Dong Zhichao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicrofluidics and bioinspired superwetting materials, as two crucial branches of scientific research, are entering their golden age of development. As an emerging interdisciplinary subject of these two fields, bioinspired superwetting open microfluidics is triggering technological revolutions in many disciplines, including rapid medical diagnosis, biochemical analysis, liquid manipulation, 3D printing, etc. However, this new research area has yet to attract extensive attention. So, a timely review is necessary to organize the development process, summarize current achievements, and discuss the challenges or chances for the ongoing scientific trend. In this review, the evolution from closed to open microfluidics is combed first. Then, three typical bioinspired superwetting systems are introduced emphatically. Based on this, the bioinspired superwetting open microfluidics is divided into different categories according to the bionic objects as the focus of this study. Taking natural phenomena as the entry point, the research from the underlying mechanism to the application is systematically discussed and summarized. Several emerging applications are also mentioned. Finally, some views on major problems, existing challenges, and developing trends are briefly put forward in this field to guide future research.
Cold Sintering of Highly Transparent Calcium Fluoride Nanoceramic as a Universal Platform for High‐Power Lighting
Authors: Gao Jie , Xia Zhiguo , Ding Qi , Liu Yongping , Yan Peng , Hu Yunfeng , Wang Lianjun , Luo Wei , Fan Yuchi , Jiang Wan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA thermally robust all‐inorganic color converter is imperative to high‐power light‐emitting diode (LED) lighting. However, it remains challenging to find a universal inorganic matrix for encapsulating multicolor phosphors due to the hurdle of achieving a highly transparent medium at a moderate temperature. Here, the densification of calcium fluoride (CaF2) nanoceramic with visible transmittance up to 75% at merely 350 °C, benefiting from an acid‐mediated cold sintering process of oxygen‐segregated CaF2 nanoparticles is reported. Using the optically isotropic CaF2 as a transparent platform, a Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG: Ce) phosphor‐based phosphor‐in‐ceramics (PiC) converter with luminous efficacy as high as 190 lm W−1 is fabricated. The ultralow temperature enables the PiC converter to be further combined with red‐emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN:Eu), delivering a color‐rendering index of 92. The cold‐sintered CaF2 nanoceramic demonstrates great potential as a general solution for next‐generation high‐power LED lighting.
Rotatable Methylene Ether Bridge Units Enabling High Chain Flexibility and Rapid Ionic Transport in a New Universal Aqueous Conductive Binder
Authors: Zhang Farong , Xia Hongyu , Wei Tongye , Liu Bei , Li Huaming , Lu Zhouguang , Yang Mei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBinders play an essential role in maintaining the mechanical integrity and stability of electrodes. Herein, a novel aqueous and conductive binder (OXP/CNT‐1.5) consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interwoven with a flexible nano‐film of oxidized pullulan (OXP) is designed. The rotatable methylene ether bridge units within OXP chain endow the binder with high chain flexibility, facilitate rapid ion transport, and buffer severe volumetric expansion during charge‐discharge cycling. Furthermore, its tight intertwining with CNTs forms continuously conductive and flexible skeletons, which can firmly grasp active nanoparticles through a “face‐to‐point” bonding type, guaranteeing the electrodes high conductivity and outstanding mechanical integrity. More importantly, these conductive binders are applicable to the Si/C anode as well as the LiFePO4 cathode. The as‐fabricated Si/C anode delivers a 88.2% capacity retention after 100 cycles and 80.2% capacity retention at 0.5 A g−1 (vs 0.05 A g−1), far surpassing the electrode fabricated by conventional polyvinylidene fluoride binder and carbon black mixtures. The LiFePO4/Si/C full cells based on OXP/CNT‐1.5 demonstrate excellent electrochemical behavior and stability (97.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles). This work highlights the key role of rotatable methylene ether bridge units to enhance the flexibility, ion conductivity, and stability, which is inspiring in the context of designing novel binders for high‐performance batteries.
Strategic Design of Conquering Hypoxia in Tumor for Advanced Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Hu Xiaoming , Jin Long , Lin Lisheng , Lin Hongxin , Yang Zhen , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT), with its advantages of high targeting, minimally invasive, and low toxicity side effects, has been widely used in the clinical therapy of various tumors, especially superficial tumors. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) presents hypoxia due to the low oxygen (O2) supply caused by abnormal vascularization in neoplastic tissues and high O2 consumption induced by the rapid proliferation of tumor cells. The efficacy of oxygen‐consumping PDT can be hampered by a hypoxic TME. To address this problem, researchers have been developing advanced nanoplatforms and strategies to enhance the therapeutic effect of PDT in tumor treatment. This review summarizes recent advanced PDT therapeutic strategies to against the hypoxic TME, thus enhancing PDT efficacy, including increasing O2 content in TME through delivering O2 to the tumors and in situ generations of O2; decreasing the O2 consumption during PDT by design of type I photosensitizers. Moreover, recent synergistically combined therapy of PDT and other therapeutic methods such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and gas therapy is accounted for by addressing the challenging problems of mono PDT in hypoxic environments, including tumor resistance, proliferation, and metastasis. Finally, perspectives of the opportunities and challenges of PDT in future clinical research and translations are provided.
Moth‐Eye‐Inspired Gradient Impedance Microwave Absorption Materials with Multiband Compatible Stealth Characteristic
Authors: Duan Yuping , Ma Ben , Huang Lingxi , Ma Xinran , Wang Meng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop microwave absorbing materials with ultra‐broadband absorption and multiband stealth compatibility, but this is difficult to achieve due to the difficulty of perfect electromagnetic impedance matching. Therefore, inspired by the anti‐reflection moth eye model, this article prepares carbonyl iron (CIP)/polyurethane (PU) absorbing materials into three biomimetic structures of cylinder, circular cone, and semi‐ellipsoid structures to optimize the absorption performance, which realizes the effective absorption of 5.13–18 GHz. The simulation models proved that the biomimetic structures can improve the anti‐reflection performance by building gradient impedance inside the materials. Finally, under the synergistic action of multiple reflection and gradient impedance mechanisms, the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of the semi‐ellipsoid moth eye biomimetic structure material with a total thickness of 3 mm can reach 6.94 GHz. The material can still achieve the EAB of 6.84 GHz with a low infrared emissivity of 0.242 by constructing the double‐layer structure. This work effectively solves the problem that the EAB of traditional microwave absorbing materials is difficult to be broadened due to impedance mismatch, and puts forward a new idea for optimizing the performance of microwave absorbing materials and compatible stealth.
Toward Fully Printed Soft Actuators: UV‐Assisted Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers and Biphasic Liquid Metal Conductors
Authors: Sgotti Veiga João , Reis Carneiro Manuel , Molter Rafael , Vinciguerra Michael , Yao Lining , Majidi Carmel , Tavakoli Mahmoud 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDevelopment of soft and compliant actuators has attracted tremendous attention due to their use in soft robotics, wearables, haptics, and assistive devices. Despite decades of progress, the goal of entirely digitally‐printed actuators has yet to be fully demonstrated. Digital printing permits rapid customization of the actuator's geometry, size, and deformation profile, and is a step toward mass customization of user‐specific wearables and soft robotic systems. Herein, a set of materials and methods are demonstrated for rapid fabrication of 3D‐printed Liquid Crystal Elastomer actuators electrically stimulated via a printed joule heater composed of a Liquid Metal (LM)‐filled elastomer composite. Unlike other Ag‐based inks, this LM‐elastomer composite is sinter‐free, enabling room‐temperature printing, and is stretchable, allowing cyclic actuation without electrical or mechanical failure of the conductor. By optimizing printing parameters, and improving the photo‐polymerization setup, a printed actuator that bends to an angle of 320° is demonstrated, with lower power consumption than previous LCE actuators. We also demonstrate a customized UV‐polymerization setup that permits photo‐curing of the LCE actuator in ≈90s, i.e., >500x faster compared to previous works. The rapid photo‐polymerization enables progress toward 3D‐printing of multi‐layer actuators and is a step toward mass customization of fully digitally‐printed robotic and wearable devices.
Thermal Stability Improvement of Cr3+‐Activated Broadband Near‐Infrared Phosphors via State Population Optimization
Authors: Zhang Qiuhong , Wei Xiang , Zhou Jianbang , Milićević Bojana , Lin Litian , Huo Jiansheng , Li Junhao , Ni Haiyong , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTechnological progress has accelerated the researches into broadband near‐infrared (NIR) luminescent materials as next‐generation intelligent NIR light sources; however, poor thermal stability restricts the applications of NIR phosphors. Herein, new insights into Cr3+‐activated NIR phosphors with improved thermal stability are provided. The photoluminescence intensity originating from the 4T2→4A2 broadband emission of CaLu2Al4SiO12:Cr3+(CLAS:Cr) with optimal electron occupation (4T2/2E) increases up to 118% at 475 K compared with that at room temperature, which is the best for Cr3+‐activated broadband NIR phosphor. Accordingly, new ideas for the design of thermally stable phosphors are proposed by optimizing the thermal population between4T2and2E states and electron migration from2E to4T2state. Finally, multifunctional applications of CLAS:Cr in NIR fluorescence intensity ratio thermometry, X‐ray detection, NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes, and bio‐imaging are demonstrated.
Sandwich Configuration of Zinc Anode, Gel Electrolyte, and Radical Polymer Cathode for Fully Stretch‐Rechargeable Battery
Authors: Ho Jin‐Chieh , Hatakeyama‐Sato Kan , Chiba Akinari , Hayashi Masaki , Igarashi Yuto , Oyaizu Kenichi , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, there is gradual development in fully stretchable semiconductors. However, to bring these devices to market, they require a reliable built‐in power source that can maintain stable output voltage, charge/discharge capabilities, and cycle life. Unfortunately, complex cell configurations have hindered the development of stretchable batteries. To overcome this, a fully stretch‐rechargeable battery with a sandwich configuration is fabricated. The cathode layer comprises electrically conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and a redox‐active TEMPO‐substituted polymer, while the anode consists of a carbon nanotube layer deposited with zinc metal. By sandwiching a hydrogel between these two layers, a rechargeable battery is created that is attachable to human skin and <40 µm thick. This thin device offers a promising voltage of 1.8 V and is robust against repeated stretching, liquid leakage, and self‐discharging reactions induced by oxygen. This study is expected to open up new horizons for e‐skin and stretchable electronic fields.