bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of home-based prehabilitation on postoperative complications after surgery for gastric cancer: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bausys Augustinas , Luksta Martynas , Anglickiene Giedre , Maneikiene Vyte V , Kryzauskas Marius , Rybakovas Andrius , Dulskas Audrius , Kuliavas Justas , Stratilatovas Eugenijus , Macijauskiene Lina , Simbelyte Toma , Celutkiene Jelena , Jamontaite Ieva E , Cirtautas Alma , Lenickiene Svetlana , Petrauskiene Dalia , Cikanaviciute Evelina , Gaveliene Edita , Klimaviciute Gertruda , Rauduvyte Kornelija , Bausys Rimantas , Strupas Kestutis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have demonstrated that prehabilitation improves patients’ physical fitness but its impact on postoperative morbidity remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the effect of personalized, multimodal, semisupervised, home-based prehabilitation on postoperative complications after surgery for gastric cancer.

Methods
This RCT was conducted at two centres in Lithuania. Patients (aged at least18 years) with gastric cancer scheduled to undergo elective primary surgery or surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for gastric cancer were randomized (1 : 1) to prehabilitation or standard care. Prehabilitation included exercise interventions focused on endurance, respiratory muscle strength, stretching, and resistance training as well as nutritional and psychological support. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with postoperative complications within 90 days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included 90-day mortality rate, physical condition, fitness level, nutritional status, quality of life, anxiety and depression level, and proportion of patients completing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Results
Between February 2020 and September 2022, 128 participants were randomized to prehabilitation (64) or standard care (64), and 122 (prehabilitation 61, control 61) were analysed. The prehabilitation group had increased physical capacity before the operation compared with baseline (mean 6-min walk test change +31 (95 per cent c.i. 14 to 48) m; P = 0.001). The prehabilitation group had a decreased rate of non-compliance with neoadjuvant treatment (risk ratio (RR) 0.20, 95 per cent c.i. 0.20 to 0.56), a 60 per cent reduction in the number of patients with postoperative complications at 90 days after surgery (RR 0.40, 0.24 to 0.66), and improved quality of life compared with the control group.

Conclusion
Prehabilitation reduced morbidity in patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Registration number
NCT04223401 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Human Leukocyte Antigen Signatures as Pathophysiological Discriminants of Microscopic Colitis Subtypes
Authors: Zheng Tenghao , Roda Giulia , Zabana Yamile , Escudero-Hernández Celia , Liu Xingrong , Chen Ye , Camargo Tavares Leticia , Bonfiglio Ferdinando , Mellander Marie-Rose , Janczewska Izabella , Vigren Lina , Sjöberg Klas , Ohlsson Bodil , Almer Sven , Halfvarson Jonas , Miehlke Stephan , Madisch Ahmed , Lieb Wolfgang , Kupčinskas Juozas , Weersma Rinse K , Bujanda Luis , Julià Antonio , Marsal Sara , Esteve Maria , Guagnozzi Danila , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Ferrer Carmen ,   MC-Europe GETECCU GWAS group, Zabana Yamile , Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Esteve Maria , Piqueras Marta , Busquets David , Iglesias Eva , Lucendo Alfredo J , Peter Inga , Ludvigsson Jonas F , Pardi Darrell , Verhaegh Bas , Jonkers Daisy , Pierik Marieke , Münch Andreas , Franke Andre , Bresso Francesca , Khalili Hamed , Colombel Jean-Frederic , D’Amato Mauro 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Microscopic colitis [MC] is currently regarded as an inflammatory bowel disease that manifests as two subtypes: collagenous colitis [CC] and lymphocytic colitis [LC]. Whether these represent a clinical continuum or distinct entities is, however, an open question. Genetic investigations may contribute important insight into their respective pathophysiologies.

Methods
We conducted a genome-wide association study [GWAS] meta-analysis in 1498 CC, 373 LC patients, and 13 487 controls from Europe and the USA, combined with publicly available MC GWAS data from UK Biobank and FinnGen [2599 MC cases and 552 343 controls in total]. Human leukocyte antigen [HLA] alleles and polymorphic residues were imputed and tested for association, including conditional analyses for the identification of key causative variants and residues. Genetic correlations with other traits and diagnoses were also studied.

Results
We detected strong HLA association with CC, and conditional analyses highlighted the DRB1*03:01 allele and its residues Y26, N77, and R74 as key to this association (best p = 1.4 × 10-23, odds ratio [OR] = 1.96). Nominally significant genetic correlations were detected between CC and pneumonia [rg = 0.77; p = 0.048] and oesophageal diseases [rg = 0.45, p = 0.023]. An additional locus was identified in MC GWAS analyses near the CLEC16A and RMI2 genes on chromosome 16 [rs35099084, p = 2.0 × 10-8, OR = 1.31]. No significant association was detected for LC.

Conclusion
Our results suggest CC and LC have distinct pathophysiological underpinnings, characterised by an HLA predisposing role only in CC. This challenges existing classifications, eventually calling for a re-evaluation of the utility of MC umbrella definitions.
Prevalence and prognostic value of atrial fibrillation in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Fujimoto Yudai , Matsue Yuya , Maeda Daichi , Dotare Taishi , Sunayama Tsutomu , Iso Takashi , Nakamura Yutaka , Singh Yu Suresvar , Akama Yuka , Yoshioka Kenji , Kitai Takeshi , Naruse Yoshihisa , Taniguchi Tatsunori , Tanaka Hidekazu , Okumura Takahiro , Baba Yuichi , Nabeta Takeru , Minamino Tohru 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
The prognostic value of the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients at the time of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) diagnosis is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between AF at the time of CS diagnosis and patient prognosis.

Methods and results
This study is a post-hoc analysis of Illustration of the Management and Prognosis of Japanese Patients with CS, a multicentre, retrospective observational study that evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with CS. The primary endpoint was the combined endpoint of all-cause death and hospitalization due to heart failure. After excluding patients with missing data about AF status, 445 patients (62 ± 11 years, 36% males) diagnosed with CS according to the Japanese current diagnostic guideline were analysed. Compared to patients without AF, patients with AF (n = 46, 10%) had higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide and a higher prevalence of heart failure hospitalizations. During a median follow-up period of 3.2 years (interquartile range, 1.7–5.8 years), 80 primary endpoints were observed. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis indicated that concomitant AF at the time of diagnosis was significantly associated with a high incidence of primary endpoints (log-rank P = 0.002). This association was retained after adjusting for known risk factors including log-transformed brain natriuretic peptide levels and left ventricular ejection fractions [hazard ratio, 1.96 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.65); P = 0.035].

Conclusion
The presence of AF at the time of CS diagnosis is associated with higher incidence of all-cause death and heart failure hospitalization.
Preoperative Frailty Is an Independent Risk Factor for Postinduction Hypotension in Older Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Hyun Jung , Kim Youn Jin , Woo Jae Hee , Oh Hye-Won 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Intraoperative hypotension is a risk factor for perioperative adverse outcomes and is highly prevalent in older patients. Frailty has been associated with hemodynamic instability but its impact on postinduction hypotension is unclear. Therefore, we assessed the association between frailty and postinduction hypotension in older patients.

Methods
We retrospectively evaluated electronic medical records of patients aged ≥65 years who were assessed for preoperative frailty and underwent noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia. Reported Edmonton Frail Scale (REFS) scores were used to stratify patients into a nonfrail (REFS scores 0–5), prefrail (6–7), and frail (8–18) groups. Postinduction hypotension was defined as a mean blood pressure below 65 mmHg or 20% from baseline occurring within the first 20 minutes after anesthesia induction and evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results
Independent factors related to postinduction hypotension in our sample (421 patients) were status of frail (REFS score ≥8) compared to nonfrail (odds ratio [OR], 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–5.18; p = .002), lower baseline mean blood pressure in the operating room (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–0.999; p = .034) and at the presurgical center (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99; p = .003), and orthopedic (compared to urologic) surgery (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.14–4.30; p = .019).

Conclusion
Preoperative frail status based on REFS scores is associated with postinduction hypotension. Frailty screening tool for older patients may enhance traditional risk calculators and improve patient selection for noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia.
Forging an African Union Identity: The Power of Experience
Authors: Witt Antonia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Pan-Africanism and references to a shared African cultural identity have an important function in the way the African Union (AU) seeks to mobilize a sense of belonging among African citizens. However, we know very little about how African citizens, in turn, relate to and identify with the AU and what shapes their sense of belonging as political subjects of the AU. In addressing this lacuna, this article takes a bottom-up perspective on the formation of an AU identity among African citizens, placing citizens’ own sense-making practices about the relevance and value of the AU in their everyday lives center stage. Drawing on focus group discussions among citizens in Burkina Faso and The Gambia, I show that the way research participants relate to the AU is based on and mediated through experiences. Rather than a vague Pan-African identity, what shapes the way citizens relate to the AU are concrete experiences with the organization’s norms and policies and their tangible effects on everyday life, which are conditioned by people’s (different) exposure to AU policies and their positioning within existing social, political, and economic structures. The importance of experience in forging a sense of belonging among African citizens does not preclude the existence of a shared Pan-African identity, but it offers important cues for both how to study the formation of an AU identity and how it can be shaped in the future.
PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) presenting as isolated macrodactyly
Authors: Krishnamurthy Kritika , Edema Ukuemi , Ustun Berrin , Villanueva-Siles Esperanza , Koehler Steven M , Naeem Rizwan , Wang Yanhua , Goldstein Doctor Y 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, with varied clinical presentations ranging from isolated segmental overgrowths to megalencephaly and vascular malformations, all resulting from post-zygotic activating mutations in PIK3CA. Isolated macrodactyly of upper limb is extremely rare, accounting only for 0.9%–1% of all congenital anomalies of the upper limb. This report describes a case of congenital, isolated, nonprogressive macrodactyly of the right index finger and thumb, in an adult patient that was treated with debulking surgery. The microscopic features were compatible with lipomatosis of nerve. Due to the prompt and pertinent molecular testing, which identified a somatic PIK3CA variant, c.3140A &gt; G, p.H1047R., the case was classified as a PROS. The availability of mTOR inhibitors offers additional treatment possibilities in cases with progressive disease. This case report highlights the importance of molecular testing to identify PROS, to further the knowledge of this continually expanding entity.
Identifying the unmet physical and psychological intimacy and sexual needs of partners of patients with terminal cancer
Authors: Kusakabe Akihiko , Mawatari Hironori , Hirano Kazue , Ohta Mitsuyasu , Inamori Masahiko , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Palliative care aims to improve the quality of life of patients who are terminally ill, but support for the sexuality of these patients is often inadequate.

Aim
To identify factors related to the unmet needs of bereaved partners whose significant others died of cancer during hospitalization.

Methods
Bereaved individuals in Japan aged &gt;50 years who had lost their partners to cancer in a hospital in the last 5 years answered a questionnaire on the support desired for “time to nurture love with your partner.”

Outcomes
We used 3 sexual questions in the 34-item Supportive Care Needs Survey–Short Form (SCNS-SF34) and measured the unmet needs of partners of patients with terminal cancer.

Results
We obtained 290 responses (equal number of males and females). Respondents’ age distribution was as follows: 50 to 59 years, 34.8%; 60 to 69 years, 44.5%; 70 to 79 years, 19.3%; ≥80 years, 1.4%. In total, 81% had children. Most partners died in the general ward (59.3%). Frequency of time to nurture love with one’s partner before the illness was as follows: none at all, 44 (15.2%); very little, 84 (29.0%); once in a while, 76 (26.2%); occasionally, 45 (15.5%); and often, 41 (14.1%). Roughly 20% of participants reported experiencing unmet sexual needs across all 3 selected questions in the SCNS-SF34. Multivariate analysis showed that younger age (P = .00097) and a higher frequency of time to nurture love with one’s partner before illness (P = .004) were positively associated with unmet needs for sexuality during hospitalization.

Clinical Implications
The study may help health care workers identify patients who are seeking sexual support.

Strengths and Limitations
This study identified the unmet needs and underlying factors regarding sexuality during hospitalization for partners of patients with terminal cancer. However, differences by cancer type could not be analyzed. Additionally, the modified version of the supportive care needs measure used in this study (SCNS-SF34) may have decreased validity owing to the alterations made for its use.

Conclusion
Some hospitalized patients with terminal cancer could need support for time to nurture love with their partners. Health care providers can play a crucial role by anticipating the needs of patients, preparing them mentally, and offering counseling and information to help them maintain an intimate connection with their loved ones.
The provability logic of all provability predicates
Authors: Kurahashi Taishi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We prove that the provability logic of all provability predicates is exactly Fitting, Marek, and Truszczyński’s pure logic of necessitation $\textsf{N}$. Moreover, we introduce three extensions $\textsf{N4}$, $\textsf{NR}$ and $\textsf{NR4}$ of $\textsf{N}$ and investigate the arithmetical semantics of these logics. In fact, we prove that $\textsf{N4}$, $\textsf{NR}$ and $\textsf{NR4}$ are the provability logics of all provability predicates satisfying the third condition $\textbf{D3}$ of the derivability conditions, all Rosser provability predicates and all Rosser provability predicates satisfying $\textbf{D3}$, respectively.
Type Ia supernovae in NS+He star systems and the isolated mildly recycled pulsars
Authors: Guo Yun-Lang , Wang Bo , Wu Cheng-Yuan , Chen Wen-Cong , Jiang Long , Han Zhan-Wen 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are successful cosmological distance indicators and important element factories in the chemical evolution of galaxies. They are generally thought to originate from thermonuclear explosions of carbon–oxygen white dwarfs in close binaries. However, the observed diversity among SNe Ia implies that they have different progenitor models. In this article, we performed the long-term evolution of NS+He star binaries with different initial He star masses ($M_{\rm He}^{\rm i}$) and orbital periods ($P_{\rm orb}^{\rm i}$) for the first time, in which the He star companions can explode as SNe Ia eventually. Our simulations indicate that after the He stars develop highly degenerate oxygen–neon (ONe) cores with masses near the Chandrasekhar limit, explosive oxygen burning can be triggered due to the convective Urca process. According to these calculations, we obtained an initial parameter space for the production of SNe Ia in the $\rm log\,$$P^{\rm i}_{\rm orb}{\text {--}}M^{\rm i}_{\rm He}$ plane. Meanwhile, we found that isolated mildly recycled pulsars can be formed after He stars explode as SNe Ia in NS+He star binaries, in which the isolated pulsars have minimum spin periods ($P_{\rm spin}^{\rm min}$) of ∼30–110 ms and final orbital velocities of ${\sim} \rm 60{\!-\!}360\, km\, s^{-1}$, corresponding to initial orbital periods of 0.07–10 d. Our work suggests that the NS+He star channel may contribute to the formation of isolated mildly recycled pulsars with velocity $\rm {\lesssim} 360\, km\, s^{-1}$ in observations, and such isolated pulsars should locate in the region of pulsars with massive white dwarf companions in the $P_{\rm spin} {\!-\!}\dot{P}_{\rm spin}$ diagram.
The early evolution of magnetar rotation – II. Rapidly rotating magnetars: implications for gamma-ray bursts and superluminous supernovae
Authors: Prasanna Tejas , Coleman Matthew S B , Raives Matthias J , Thompson Todd A 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Rapidly rotating magnetars have been associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). Using a suite of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations at fixed neutrino luminosity and a couple of evolutionary models with evolving neutrino luminosity and magnetar spin period, we show that magnetars are viable central engines for powering GRBs and SLSNe. We also present analytical estimates of the energy outflow rate from the proto-neutron star (PNS) as a function of polar magnetic field strength B0, PNS angular velocity Ω⋆, PNS radius R⋆, and mass outflow rate $\dot{M}$. We show that rapidly rotating magnetars with spin periods P⋆ ≲ 4 ms and polar magnetic field strength B0 ≳ 1015 G can release 1050 to 5 × 1051 erg of energy during the first ∼2 s of the cooling phase. Based on this result, it is plausible that sustained energy injection by magnetars through the relativistic wind phase can power GRBs. We also show that magnetars with moderate field strengths of B0 ≲ 5 × 1014 G do not release a large fraction of their rotational kinetic energy during the cooling phase and, hence, are not likely to power GRBs. Although we cannot simulate to times greater than ∼3–5 s after a supernova, we can hypothesize that moderate field strength magnetars can brighten the supernova light curves by releasing their rotational kinetic energy via magnetic dipole radiation on time-scales of days to weeks, since these do not expend most of their rotational kinetic energy during the early cooling phase.
Timing properties of the X-ray accreting pulsar RX J0440.9+4431 studied with Insight-HXMT and NICER
Authors: Li P P , Tao L , Tuo Y L , Ge M Y , Kong L D , Zhang L , Bu Q C , Ji L , Qu J L , Zhang S , Zhang S N , Huang Y , Ma X , Ye W T , Zhao Q C , Ma R C , Zhao S J , Hou X , Yang Z X , Wang P J , Jia S M , Shui Q C , Guan J 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
RX J0440.9+4431, a Be/X-ray binary, had its brightest outburst in 2022 since its discovery, with a peak X-ray flux of 2.25 Crab (as recorded by Swift/BAT, 15–50 keV). We analyze the timing properties of this giant outburst using data from Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope and Neutron Star Interior Composition Exlporer, focusing on the evolution of the pulse profile and pulse fraction. We observe that when the luminosity reached around ~$3\times 10^{37}\ {\rm erg\ \rm s^{-1}}$, a transition from double-peaked to single-peaked pulse profiles occurred across the energy range, with the peak of the low-energy profile aligning gradually with the peak of the high-energy profile. This change indicates a transition from subcritical to supercritical accretion. Additionally, we found a concave in the pulse fraction as a function of energy around 20–30 keV throughout the entire outburst period. Compared to the low luminosity, the concave becomes weaker in high luminosities, and overall, the pulse fraction is higher. We propose that this concave could be caused by the scattering of high-energy photons by the atmosphere of a neutron star, leading to a dilution of the pulse fraction. As the accretion reaches the supercritical state, the accretion column height increases, resulting in a larger direct component of strongly beamed X-ray flux, and an elevated pulse fraction.
A case of atypical IgG4-related disease presenting hypereosinophilia, polyneuropathy, and liver dysfunction
Authors: Mukoyama Hiroki , Murakami Kosaku , Onizawa Hideo , Shirakashi Mirei , Hiwa Ryosuke , Tsuji Hideaki , Kitagori Koji , Akizuki Shuji , Nakashima Ran , Onishi Akira , Yoshifuji Hajime , Tanaka Masao , Morinobu Akio 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Ig (immunoglobulin) G4-related disease (Ig4-RD) affects several organs, including salivary glands, lacrimal glands, pancreas, biliary ducts, and retroperitoneum. A 72-year-old woman was examined for hypereosinophilia, high levels of IgG4, polyneuropathy, liver dysfunction, enlargement of lymph nodes and lacrimal glands, and beaded dilation of the bile ducts. We diagnosed Ig4-RD based on biopsies of the lymph nodes, liver, and submandibular gland. The symptoms of the patient improved after glucocorticoid treatment. This was a novel and atypical case of Ig4-RD that was difficult to differentiate from other diseases, including eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, and polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder, skin changes syndrome. This case report highlights the importance of biopsies in differentiating Ig4-RD.
Molecular Characterization of Genital and Extragenital Lesions With the PlexPCR VHS Assay in Patients Diagnosed With Syphilis
Authors: Eguiluz Maria , Qquellon Jazmin , Vargas Silver K , Reyes-Diaz Michael , Konda Kelika A , Caceres Carlos F , Klausner Jeffrey D 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Syphilis diagnosis relies on immunologic markers and clinical protocols. However, syphilitic lesions can be confused with other genital ulcer diseases.

Methods
Using a PlexPCR VHS assay, we analyzed lesion DNA samples from 87 individuals who were clinically diagnosed with early syphilis infection and had at least 1 positive serologic test result. DNA was detected by the PlexPCR VHS multiplex assay and β-globin genes.

Results
Among the participants, 99% (86/87) had a positive rapid treponemal test result. DNA was successfully detected in 91% (79/87) of the lesion samples. PlexPCR VHS identified 5 herpes simplex virus (HSV)/Treponema pallidum coinfections (2 HSV-1 and 3 HSV-2), only T pallidum DNA in 62% (49/79), and only HSV-2 in 12.7% (10/79). While 19% (15/79) were negative for all pathogens, none were varicella zoster virus positive. The PlexPCR VHS had 68.4% agreement with the clinical diagnosis.

Conclusions
Since the PlexPCR VHS detects multiple organisms simultaneously, it can help to confirm actual syphilis and identify other pathogen coinfections or the pathogen causing the ulcer.