bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden Hunger and Hidden Danger: Regional Gradients in Rice Grain Nutrient Elements, Vitamins B and E and Toxicants Arsenic and Cadmium Along a North–South Transect of Western Bangladesh
Authors: Meharg Andrew A. , Carey Manus , Ralphs Kathryn , McCreanor Coalain , Rahman Mukhlesur , Hussain Mahmud , Islam M. Rafiqul , Meharg Caroline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere is presented a study to investigate the geographic variation in rice grain nutrients (trace and macro-elements and vitamins) and toxicants (arsenic species and cadmium) across a contiguous strip of 36 districts that constitute western Bangladesh. The survey collected ~ 500 market rice samples, averaging 15 samples and 10.7 cultivars per district. New LC-MS methods were developed for rice relevant, B and E complex compounds. Cadmium and zinc decreased southward, while copper, DMA, inorganic arsenic and oryzanols decreased northwards. There was a longitudinal gradient for iron, potassium, and vitamin B6. The greatest changes ~ twofold for cadmium and vitamin B6, and 1.5 for zinc across these gradients. The gradients may be driven by climate, geographical setting, soils, or cultivar, or a combination of all. The most obvious gradient was the transition from high to low altitude and from Pleistocene to Holocene soils as land transitioned from the upland plains of the north to sea-level in the south. Rice is a very important source of copper, phosphorus, vitamin B1, and zinc, and to a lesser extent iron, B3, B6, potassium. It is a poor source of vitamin E and calcium.
Hausdorff dimension of multidimensional multiplicative subshifts
Authors: BAN JUNG-CHAO , HU WEN-GUEI , LAI GUAN-YU 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is two-fold. First, the Hausdorff dimension formula of the multidimensional multiplicative subshift (MMS) in
$\mathbb {N}^d$
is presented. This extends the earlier work of Kenyon et al [Hausdorff dimension for fractals invariant under multiplicative integers. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.32(5) (2012), 1567–1584] from
$\mathbb {N}$
to
$\mathbb {N}^d$
. In addition, the preceding work of the Minkowski dimension of the MMS in
$\mathbb {N}^d$
is applied to show that their Hausdorff dimension is strictly less than the Minkowski dimension. Second, the same technique allows us to investigate the multifractal analysis of multiple ergodic average in
$\mathbb {N}^d$
. Precisely, we extend the result of Fan et al, [Multifractal analysis of some multiple ergodic averages. Adv. Math.295 (2016), 271–333] of the multifractal analysis of multiple ergodic average from
$\mathbb {N}$
to
$\mathbb {N}^d$
.
Co-doping of Ho–Yb ion pairs modulating the up-conversion luminescence properties of fluoride phosphors under 1550 nm excitation
Authors: Lei Bohan , Lu Liping , Sun Haiying , Zhang Xiyan , Bai Zhaohui , Mi Xiaoyun 
Published: July 2023

Upconversion energy level transition diagram on the Er3+-Ho3+-Yb3+ triple-doped system under 1550 nm excitation and Schematic diagram of energy transfer between Er3+-Ho3+-Yb3+ ions.
Precise visual positioning of agricultural mobile robots with a fiducial marker reprojection approach
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gong Liang , Sun Yefeng , Gao Bishu , Yu Chenrui , Liu Chengliang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Semi-structured greenhouse environment often features repetitive and weak texture, naturally bringing challenges to high-precision vision-based positioning techniques. This paper proposes a precise visual positioning method for agricultural mobile robots in the greenhouse, which improves their positioning accuracy via discriminatively minimizing fiducial marker reprojection errors. First, fiducial markers are used to enhance environment features, and a markers-based visual positioning task is formulated as a Perspective-n-Point (PnP) problem. The projection constraints of keypoints and the pose constraints of the coordinate systems provide a theoretical basis for robot positioning. Second, a reprojection error minimization approach is proposed by taking into account the markers’ distance and image noise. Far-away markers are more prone to greater observation errors than those close to the robots, the improved PnP algorithm considering distance weighting ensures higher positioning accuracy. Synthetic and field experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Synthetic experiments show that the rotation error and translation error of the proposed method are less than 0.7° and 0.5% within a range of 12 m. The mean absolute error and root mean square error of field dynamic positioning experiments are 8.57 cm and 8.59 cm, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly better than traditional methods in dealing with distance-related noise at keypoints.
Temporal, spatial and spectroscopic study of plasma emission on Cu target in bipolar HiPIMS
Authors: Klein P , Hnilica J , Lundin D , Dvořák P , Zanáška M , Helmersson U , Vašina P 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Bipolar high power impulse magnetron sputtering introduces new possibilities to affect positive ions created during the negative discharge pulse in order to tailor thin films with specific parameters. This paper studies plasma emission in different experimental conditions during different phases of the positive pulse with spectral, spatial and temporal resolution. It is found that predominantly the working gas gives rise to plasma emission during the positive pulse. The plasma emission is observed only in regions of low magnetic confinement, forming a ‘mushroom-like’ shape in the middle of the target or a ‘dome-like’ shape on the outer parts of the target. An explanation of the discharge kinetics is proposed based on the acquired data.
Amplitude-controllable microwave pulse generator using single-flux-quantum pulse pairs for qubit control
Authors: Shen Hongxiang , Takeuchi Naoki , Yamanashi Yuki , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To achieve large-scale quantum processors, cryogenic quantum-bit (qubit) interface circuits that can control qubits inside a dilution refrigerator are indispensable. Superconducting single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits are a promising building block for qubit interface circuits because SFQ circuits can operate with high clock frequencies and low power dissipation. In the present study, we developed an SFQ-based qubit interface circuit that we refer to as a pulse-pair microwave pulse generator (PP-MPG). The PP-MPG can generate microwave pulses for qubit control, with the microwave amplitude controlled based on the delay between paired SFQ pulses. By finely adjusting the delay with delay controlling circuits, the microwave amplitude can be controlled over a wide range. We fabricated a PP-MPG chip and tested it at 4.2 K, showing that the microwave amplitude can be controlled over a range of approximately 30 dB. Our results show that the PP-MPG has the potential for use in future large-scale quantum processors.
Numerical analysis of the mechanical and electrical properties of (RE)BCO tapes with multiple edge cracks
Authors: Ma Jintao , Gao Yuanwen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
One of the leading causes of critical current degradation in rare-earth barium–copper-oxide tapes is the micro-cracks produced by mechanical slitting. These cracks are scattered near the edge of the tape and vary in length and angle. In this work, a tape model with multiple edge cracks is established. Under tensile loading, the effects of the Poisson ratio, crack length, crack angle, crack spacing, and geometric mutation between cracks on the stress intensity factor are investigated using the extended finite element method (XFEM). Tensile experiments were conducted at room temperature to investigate the crack propagation behavior of tapes with multiple edge cracks. The results show that the stress intensity factor obtained using XFEM is more informative than the analytical solution, which ignores the Poisson effect. The stress intensity factor is sensitive to crack length and angle variations and exhibits an evident jump characteristic when a geometric mutation occurs. The jump level strongly depends on the geometric difference. The jump location is the initiation site for crack propagation, which is consistent with the experiment results. The strain analysis of the tape implies that high-strain regions exist at the crack tip before the tensile strain reaches the irreversible strain limit. The critical strain of crack propagation is closely related to the form of crack distribution. It dominates the irreversible strain limit of critical current degradation, which facilitates understanding the early degradation of critical current. Finally, some engineering suggestions are given.
Structural distortion induced Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in monolayer CrI3 at heterostructures
Authors: Li Hongxing , Zhang Wei-Bing , Zhou Guanghui 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The magnetic heterostructures provide flexible ways to realize particular magnetic properties that possess both scientific and practical significance. Here, by first-principles calculation, we predict strong Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions (DMIs) by constructing CrI3/Metal heterostructures. The underlaying mechanisms are ascribed to the large spin-orbital coupling (SOC) of the I atom and the structural distortion in CrI3 layer caused by substrates. This is different from the traditional way that deposit magnetic films on substrate to generate DMI, wherein DMI is dominated by interlayer hybridization and large SOC of substrates. In addition, both Heisenberg exchange and magnetic anisotropy are modulated dramatically, such as Heisenberg exchange is nearly doubled on Au(111), and the out-of-plane magnetism is enhanced by 88% on Ir(111). Our work may provide a experimentally accessible strategy to induce DMI in layered magnetic materials, which will be helpful to the design of spintronics devices.
Analysis of soliton interactions of modified Korteweg-de Vries equation using conserved quantities
Authors: You Xiangcheng , Xu Hang , Sun Qiang 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, the conservative quantities are used to develop an approximate method to calculate the merged waveform shape of the solitary waves described by modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation. With this method, we can efficiently and effectively capture the physics of the complicated merging phenomena when two solitary waves described by the nonlinear evolution partial differential equation merge at the maximum without the need to solve the equation in detail. This offers a simple and robust tool to analyse the interactions between solitons and to benchmark the results obtained by the asymptotic and numerical methods. It is expected that the approximate analysis demonstrated in this paper can be applied to a series of nonlinear evolution equations to simulate various solitary wave interaction problems. In future, our goal is to extend this simple method to other nonlinear wave evolution phenomena.
A comparative study of structural, electronic, magnetic, and pressure-dependent properties of Full-Heusler Fe2XSi (X=Mn and Co): first-principles calculation and Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Aladerah Bilal , Gharaibeh Maen , Obeidat Abdalla , Aledealat Khaled 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the structural, electronic, magnetic, and pressure-dependent properties of Fe2XSi (X=Mn and Co) full-Heusler alloy through a comprehensive computational approach. The structural stability of these alloys confirmed L21 and XA prototypes as favorable structures for Fe2MnSi and Fe2CoSi, respectively. In addition, Fe2MnSi exhibits 100% spin polarization suggesting its potential suitability for spintronics applications. Conversely, Fe2CoSi does not exhibit similar behavior. The calculated magnetic moments of these alloys revealed an increase due to Coulomb interaction (U). The magnetic moments satisfy the Slater-Pauling relation, with calculated values of 3

μ

B

for Fe2MnSi and 5

μ

B

for Fe2CoSi. Heisenberg exchange interaction parameters are calculated to illustrate distinct magnetic interactions within the alloys. The study further explores thermomagnetic properties through Monte Carlo simulations, including thermal magnetization, thermal magnetic susceptibility, and Curie temperature

T

C

.

The calculated

T

C

were found to be 294 K for Fe2MnSi and 1029 K for Fe2CoSi, showing close agreement with experimental data. We additionally investigate the pressure-dependent properties of these alloys, revealing a non-linear dependence of the band gap on pressure for Fe2MnSi, with values decreasing from 0.668 eV to 0.259 eV as pressure increased from −15.917 to 23.712 GPa. For Fe2CoSi, the band gap remained zero across varying pressure conditions, indicating its metallic conducting behavior.
Are good leaders truly good?
Authors: Cato Susumu , Inoue Akira 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This paper offers a new insight on the Condorcet Jury Theorem (CJT) in the theory of epistemic democracy. This theorem states that democratic decision-making leads us to correct outcomes under certain assumptions. One key assumption is the ‘independence condition’, which requires that voters form their beliefs independently when they vote. This paper examines the role of an opinion leader as an informational source, which potentially violates independence. We demonstrate that voters’ beliefs may be correlated in the presence of the leader, and that the CJT can fail if the leader’s opinions are reliable. This leads us to the following paradoxical observation: for epistemic democracy, good leaders may be bad, while bad leaders may be good.
Daptomycin Exposure as a Risk Factor for Daptomycin-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia and Muscular Toxicity
Authors: Garreau Romain , Pham Truong-Thanh , Bourguignon Laurent , Millet Aurélien , Parant François , Bussy David , Desevre Marine , Franchi Victor , Ferry Tristan , Goutelle Sylvain 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
High-dose daptomycin is increasingly used in patients with bone and joint infection (BJI). This raises concerns about a higher risk of adverse events (AEs), including daptomycin-induced eosinophilic pneumonia (DIEP) and myotoxicity. We aimed to examine pharmacokinetic and other potential determinants of DIEP and myotoxicity in patients with BJI receiving daptomycin.

Methods
All patients receiving daptomycin for BJI were identified in a prospective cohort study. Cases were matched at a 1:3 ratio, with controls randomly selected from the same cohort. Bayesian estimation of the daptomycin daily area under the concentration-time curve over 24 hours (AUC24h) was performed with the Monolix software based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data. Demographic and biological data were also collected. Risk factors of AEs were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
From 1130 patients followed over 7 years, 9 with DIEP, 26 with myotoxicity, and 106 controls were included in the final analysis. Daptomycin AUC24h, C-reactive protein, and serum protein levels were associated with the risk of AEs. The adjusted hazard ratio of DIEP or myotoxicity was 3.1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48–6.5; P &lt; .001) for daptomycin AUC24h &gt; 939 mg/h/L, 9.8 (95% CI, 3.94–24.5; P &lt; .001) for C-reactive protein &gt; 21.6 mg/L, and 2.4 (95% CI, 1.02–5.65; P = .04) for serum protein &lt;72 g/L.

Conclusions
We identified common determinants of DIEP and myotoxicity in patients with BJI. Because the risk of AEs was associated with daptomycin exposure, daptomycin TDM and model-informed precision dosing may help optimize the efficacy and safety of daptomycin treatment in this setting. A target AUC24h range of 666 to 939 mg/h/L is suggested.
Using artificial intelligence to learn optimal regimen plan for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Bhattarai Kritib , Rajaganapathy Sivaraman , Das Trisha , Kim Yejin , Chen Yongbin ,   The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   The Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing, Dai Qiying , Li Xiaoyang , Jiang Xiaoqian , Zong Nansu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder with no specific curative medications. Sophisticated clinical skills are crucial to optimize treatment regimens given the multiple coexisting comorbidities in the patient population.

Objective
Here, we propose a study to leverage reinforcement learning (RL) to learn the clinicians’ decisions for AD patients based on the longitude data from electronic health records.

Methods
In this study, we selected 1736 patients from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. We focused on the two most frequent concomitant diseases—depression, and hypertension, thus creating 5 data cohorts (ie, Whole Data, AD, AD-Hypertension, AD-Depression, and AD-Depression-Hypertension). We modeled the treatment learning into an RL problem by defining states, actions, and rewards. We built a regression model and decision tree to generate multiple states, used six combinations of medications (ie, cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, memantine-cholinesterase inhibitors, hypertension drugs, supplements, or no drugs) as actions, and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores as rewards.

Results
Given the proper dataset, the RL model can generate an optimal policy (regimen plan) that outperforms the clinician’s treatment regimen. Optimal policies (ie, policy iteration and Q-learning) had lower rewards than the clinician’s policy (mean −3.03 and −2.93 vs. −2.93, respectively) for smaller datasets but had higher rewards for larger datasets (mean −4.68 and −2.82 vs. −4.57, respectively).

Conclusions
Our results highlight the potential of using RL to generate the optimal treatment based on the patients’ longitude records. Our work can lead the path towards developing RL-based decision support systems that could help manage AD with comorbidities.
Quantile autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity
Authors: Zhu Qianqian , Tan Songhua , Zheng Yao , Li Guodong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article proposes a novel conditional heteroscedastic time series model by applying the framework of quantile regression processes to the ARCH(∞) form of the GARCH model. This model can provide varying structures for conditional quantiles of the time series across different quantile levels, while including the commonly used GARCH model as a special case. The strict stationarity of the model is discussed. For robustness against heavy-tailed distributions, a self-weighted quantile regression (QR) estimator is proposed. While QR performs satisfactorily at intermediate quantile levels, its accuracy deteriorates at high quantile levels due to data scarcity. As a remedy, a self-weighted composite quantile regression estimator is further introduced and, based on an approximate GARCH model with a flexible Tukey-lambda distribution for the innovations, we can extrapolate the high quantile levels by borrowing information from intermediate ones. Asymptotic properties for the proposed estimators are established. Simulation experiments are carried out to access the finite sample performance of the proposed methods, and an empirical example is presented to illustrate the usefulness of the new model.
Endoreduplication in plant organogenesis: a means to boost fruit growth
Authors: Tourdot Edouard , Mauxion Jean-Philippe , Gonzalez Nathalie , Chevalier Christian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Endoreduplication is the major source of somatic endopolyploidy in higher plants, and leads to variation in cell ploidy levels due to iterative rounds of DNA synthesis in the absence of mitosis. Despite its ubiquitous occurrence in many plant organs, tissues, and cells, the physiological meaning of endoreduplication is not fully understood, although several roles during plant development have been proposed, mostly related to cell growth, differentiation, and specialization via transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review recent advances in our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms and cellular characteristics of endoreduplicated cells, and provide an overview of the multi-scale effects of endoreduplication on supporting growth in plant development. In addition, the effects of endoreduplication in fruit development are discussed, since it is highly prominent during fruit organogenesis where it acts as a morphogenetic factor supporting rapid fruit growth, as illustrated by case of the model fleshy fruit, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
Galactic coronae in Milky Way-like galaxies: the role of stellar feedback in gas accretion
Authors: Barbani Filippo , Pascale Raffaele , Marinacci Federico , Sales Laura V , Vogelsberger Mark , Torrey Paul , Li Hui 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Star-forming galaxies like the Milky Way are surrounded by a hot gaseous halo at the virial temperature – the so-called galactic corona – that plays a fundamental role in their evolution. The interaction between the disc and the corona has been shown to have a direct impact on accretion of coronal gas onto the disc with major implications for galaxy evolution. In this work, we study the gas circulation between the disc and the corona of star-forming galaxies like the Milky Way. We use high-resolution hydrodynamical N-body simulations of a Milky Way-like galaxy with the inclusion of an observationally motivated galactic corona. In doing so, we use SMUGGLE, an explicit interstellar medium (ISM), and stellar feedback model coupled with the moving-mesh code arepo. We find that the reservoir of gas in the galactic corona is sustaining star formation: the gas accreted from the corona is the primary fuel for the formation of new stars, helping in maintaining a nearly constant level of cold gas mass in the galactic disc. Stellar feedback generates a gas circulation between the disc and the corona (the so-called galactic fountain) by ejecting different gas phases that are eventually re-accreted onto the disc. The accretion of coronal gas is promoted by its mixing with the galactic fountains at the disc–corona interface, causing the formation of intermediate temperature gas that enhances the cooling of the hot corona. We find that this process acts as a positive feedback mechanism, increasing the accretion rate of coronal gas onto the galaxy.