bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well-being at a Military Medical School and Implications for Military Retention
Authors: Soh Michael , Bunin Jessica , Uijtdehaage Sebastian , Artino Anthony R , Barry Erin S , Durning Steven J , Grunberg Neil E , Landoll Ryan R , Maranich Ashley , Moores Lisa K , Servey Jessica , Torre Dario , Williams Pamela M , Dong Ting 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Physical and psychological well-being play a critical role in the academic and professional development of medical students and can alter the trajectory of a student’s quality of personal and professional life. Military medical students, given their dual role as officer and student, experience unique stressors and issues that may play a role in their future intentions to continue military service, as well as practice medicine. As such, this study explores well-being across the 4 years of medical school at Uniformed Services University (USU) and how well-being relates to a student’s likelihood to continue serving in the military and practicing medicine.

Methods
In September 2019, 678 USU medical students were invited to complete a survey consisting of three sections—the Medical Student Well-being Index (MSWBI), a single-item burnout measure, and six questions regarding their likelihood of staying in the military and medical practice. Survey responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and contingency table analysis. Additionally, thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended responses included as part of the likelihood questions.

Results
Our MSWBI and burnout scores suggest that the overall state of well-being among medical students at USU is comparable to other studies of the medical student population. ANOVA revealed class differences among the four cohorts, highlighted by improved well-being scores as students transitioned from clerkships to their fourth-year curriculum. Fewer clinical students (MS3s and MS4s), compared to pre-clerkship students, indicated a desire to stay in the military. In contrast, a higher percentage of clinical students seemed to “reconsider” their medical career choice compared to their pre-clerkship student counterparts. “Medicine-oriented” likelihood questions were associated with four unique MSWBI items, whereas “military-oriented” likelihood questions were associated with one unique MSWBI item.

Conclusion
The present study found that the overall state of well-being in USU medical students is satisfactory, but opportunities for improvement exist. Medical student well-being seemed to have a stronger association with medicine-oriented likelihood items than with military-oriented likelihood items. To obtain and refine best practices for strengthening engagement and commitment, future research should examine if and how military and medical contexts converge and diverge throughout training. This may enhance the medical school and training experience and, ultimately, reinforce, or strengthen, the desire and commitment to practice and serve in military medicine.
Profiles of Military Medical Students’ Well-being, Burnout, and Retention
Authors: Ma Ting-Lan , Dong Ting , Soh Michael , Artino Anthony R , Landoll Ryan R , Schreiber-Gregory Deanna N , Durning Steven J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Well-being concerns among medical students are more prevalent than their age-matched peers in the United States. It remains unknown, however, if individual differences in well-being exist among U.S. medical students serving in the military. In this study, we sought to identify profiles (i.e., subgroups) of well-being in military medical students and examine the associations between these well-being profiles and burnout, depression, and intended retention in military and medical fields.

Methods
Using a cross-sectional research design, we surveyed military medical students and then conducted latent class analysis to explore profiles of well-being, and applied the three-step latent class analysis method to assess predictors and outcomes of well-being profiles.

Results
Heterogeneity in well-being was identified among the 336 military medical students surveyed, portraying medical students’ falling into three distinct subgroups: High well-being (36%), low well-being (20%), and moderate well-being (44%). Different subgroups were associated with different risks of outcomes. Students in the subgroup of low well-being were at the highest risk of burnout, depression, and leaving medicine. In contrast, students in the moderate well-being group were at the highest risk of leaving military service.

Conclusions
These subgroups may be clinically important as burnout, depression, and intention to leave medical field and/or military service occurred with varying likelihoods among medical students across the different well-being subgroups. Military medical institutions may consider improving recruitment tools to identify the best alignment between students’ career goals and the military setting. Besides, it is crucial for the institution to address diversity, equity, and inclusion issues that may lead to alienation, anxiety, and a sense of wanting to leave the military community.
Career Accomplishments of Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Medical Graduates: Classes 1980–2017
Authors: Jung Eulho , McBee Elexis , Schreiber-Gregory Deanna N , Teng Yating , Dong Ting , Durning Steven J 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The current study reports career accomplishments of Uniformed Services University (USU) graduates in four areas: (1) positions held over the course of their entire career, (2) military awards, decorations, and rank, (3) first residency completed, and (4) academic achievements.

Method
Utilizing the responses to the alumni survey sent to USU graduates in the Class 1980 to 2017, we extracted relevant data and reported descriptive statistics.

Results
1,848 out of 4,469 responded to the survey (41%). 86% (n = 1,574) of respondents indicated having served as a full-time clinician (seeing patients at least 70% of the time during a typical week), while many of them serve in leadership such as educational, operational, or command leadership roles. 87% (n = 1,579) of respondents are ranked from O-4 to O-6, and 64% (n = 1,169) of the respondents received a military award or medal. Family medicine, internal medicine, and pediatrics were the most chosen medical specialties, which is similar to the national patterns reported by AAMC. 45% (n = 781) held an academic appointment.

Conclusion
USU graduates continue to make significant contributions to military medicine. USU graduates’ medical specialty preferences are similar to the past, which calls for further investigation to identify driving factors on such preference.
On the period–density relations and lower period limit of contact binaries
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Chen Xinghao , Fu Jianning , Li Yan 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The theoretical relations between the orbital period and mean densities of component stars of contact binaries are deduced. It is found that the orbital period of a contact binary is inversely proportional to the square root of the mean densities of component stars with the slopes as functions of mass ratio and fill-out factor of system. A test of 148 well-studied contact binaries with physical parameters determined from comprehensive photometric and spectroscopic solutions shows that the upper limit of secondaries’ mean densities depends strongly on the total masses, M1 + M2, of the contact systems. For a low-mass contact system with $(M_{}+M_{2})\le 2\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$, the maximum mean density of the secondary is strictly lower than that of a 5 Gyr star with a mass of (M + M2)/2. Taking this as the basic constraint, the derived period–density relation was applied to simulate the orbital period distribution of low-mass contact binaries over the total-mass range of 1–2 $\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$. It reproduces a period cut-off at 0.12–0.16 d, depending on the fill-out factor.
MOJAVE – XXI. Decade-long linear polarization variability in AGN jets at parsec scales
Authors: Zobnina D I , Aller H D , Aller M F , Homan D C , Kovalev Y Y , Lister M L , Pashchenko I N , Pushkarev A B , Savolainen T 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Using stacking of images obtained at different epochs, we studied the variability properties of linear polarization of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jets on parsec-scales. Our sample is drawn from the MOJAVE programme, and consists of 436 AGNs manifesting core-jet morphology and having at least five VLBA observing epochs at 15 GHz from 1996 January through 2019 August, with some additional archival VLBA data reduced by us. We employed a stacking procedure and constructed maps of (i) standard deviation of fractional polarization and electric vector position angle (EVPA) over epochs as the measure of variability and (ii) median polarization degree to quantify typical values in time. The distributions of these values along and across the jet were analysed for the whole sample for the first time. We found that core EVPA variability is typically higher than that of the jet, presumably due to component blending and outflow bends in the core. The BL Lacertae object cores have lower EVPA variability, compared to that of quasars, possibly due to lower Faraday rotation measure, suggesting a stronger ordered magnetic field component. The EVPA becomes more stable down the jet. Most of the sources showing this trend have a time coverage of more than 12 yr and at least 15 epochs. The possible cause could be the increase of stability in the magnetic field direction, reflecting an increase in the fraction of the magnetic field that is ordered. There are no significant optical-class-dependent or spectral-class-dependent relations in the EVPA variability properties in AGN jets.
Constraints on star formation in Orion A from Gaia
Authors: Alzate Jairo A , Bruzual Gustavo , Kounkel Marina , Magris Gladis , Hartmann Lee , Calvet Nuria , Cao Lyra 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
We develop statistical methods within a Bayesian framework to infer the star formation history from photometric surveys of pre-main-sequence populations. Our procedures include correcting for biases due to extinction in magnitude-limited surveys, and using distributions from subsets of stars with individual extinction measurements. We also make modest corrections for unresolved binaries. We apply our methods to samples of populations with Gaia photometry in the Orion A molecular cloud. Using two well-established sets of evolutionary tracks, we find that, although our sample is incomplete at youngest ages due to extinction, star formation has proceeded in Orion A at a relatively constant rate between ages of about 0.3 and 5 Myr, in contrast to other studies suggesting multiple epochs of star formation. Similar results are obtained for a set of tracks that attempt to take the effects of strong magnetic fields into account. We also find no evidence for a well-constrained ‘birthline’ that would result from low-mass stars appearing first along the deuterium-burning main sequence, especially using the magnetic evolutionary tracks. While our methods have been developed to deal with Gaia data, they may be useful for analysing other photometric surveys of star-forming regions.
Effect of centrifugal force on transmission spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres
Authors: Banerjee Agnibha , Barstow Joanna K , Haswell Carole A , Lewis Stephen R 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Transmission spectroscopy is one of the most successful methods of learning about exoplanet atmospheres. The process of retrievals using transmission spectroscopy consists of creating numerous forward models and comparing them to observations to solve the inverse problem of constraining the atmospheric properties of exoplanets. We explore the impact of one simplifying assumption commonly employed by forward models of transiting exoplanets: namely that the planet can be treated as an isolated, non-rotating spherical body. The centrifugal acceleration due to a planet’s rotation opposes the gravitational pull on a planet’s atmosphere and increases its scale height. Conventional forward models used for retrievals generally do not include this effect. We find that atmospheric retrievals produce significantly different results for close-in planets with low gravity when this assumption is removed, e.g. differences between true and retrieved values of gas abundances greater than 1σ for a simulated planet analogous to WASP-19b. We recommend that the correction to the atmospheric scale height due to this effect be taken into account for the analysis of high-precision transmission spectra of exoplanets in the future, most immediately JWST Cycle 1 targets WASP-19b and WASP-121b.
Evidence for marine sedimentary rocks in Utopia Planitia: Zhurong rover observations
Authors: Xiao Long , Huang Jun , Kusky Timothy , Head James W , Zhao Jiannan , Wang Jiang , Wang Le , Yu Wenchao , Shi Yutong , Wu Bo , Qian Yuqi , Huang Qian , Xiao Xiao 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTDecades of research using remotely sensed data have extracted evidence for the presence of an ocean in the northern lowlands of Mars in the Hesperian (∼3.3 Ga), but these claims have remained controversial due to the lack of in situ analysis of the associated geologic unit, the Vastitas Borealis Formation (VBF). The Tianwen-1/Zhurong rover was targeted to land within the VBF near its southern margin and has traversed almost 2 km southward toward the interpreted shoreline. We report here on the first in situ analysis of the VBF that reveals sedimentary structures and features in surface rocks that suggest that the VBF was deposited in a marine environment, providing direct support for the existence of an ancient (Hesperian) ocean on Mars.
Rhythm Man
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rhythm Man: Chick Webb and the Beat That Changed America is the first complete biography of William Henry “Chick” Webb (1905–39), the innovative father of modern jazz drumming and a leading bandleader of the Swing Era, whose band and music thrilled dancers and audiences across the country. Webb was born in East Baltimore and had chronic spinal tuberculosis as a child, leaving him only four feet tall with a hump on his back. He moved to Harlem in 1925, in the midst of the Harlem Renaissance, and, thanks to Duke Ellington, formed a jazz dance band that in the early 1930s became resident band at Harlem’s Savoy Ballroom. The Savoy, the “World’s Most Famous Ballroom,” was the trendsetting place for advances in jazz and the dance that evolved along with swing music, the Lindy Hop. In 1935 Webb hired unknown teenage singer Ella Fitzgerald; by 1937 they topped polls and radio charts, and in the next two years packed theaters and ballrooms across the country, breaking through racial barriers. Webb’s band was in the era’s most legendary band battles, with Benny Goodman and Count Basie. He died in June 1939, at the height of his band’s national popularity, at age thirty-four, of complications from his chronic disease.
Introduction
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This book is the first complete biography of William Henry “Chick” Webb (1905–39), innovative drummer and bandleader in Harlem, who ushered an unknown teenage vocalist named Ella Fitzgerald to national fame during the Swing Era, when his big band became one of the most popular in the country. Webb was born in East Baltimore and had spinal tuberculosis as a child, leaving him only four feet tall with a hump on his back. He moved to Harlem in 1925, in the midst of the Harlem Renaissance, and, thanks to Duke Ellington, formed a dance band that became one of the top Black big bands of the 1930s as house band at Harlem’s trendsetting Savoy Ballroom, home of the Lindy Hop and legendary “big band battles.” Webb’s band also performed at the Apollo Theater and toured frequently. He was one of the most influential drummers of the Swing Era to Gene Krupa, Jo Jones, and younger drummers like Max Roach and Art Blakey, and others later on. Several of his early hires, in addition to Ella Fitzgerald, have had a lasting impact on American jazz and pop music. Webb’s life was cut short when chronic illness finally overcame him at age thirty-four. He died in June of 1939 at the beginning of an East Coast tour, at the peak of his band’s success.
Baltimoreans in the Music World
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The rich diversity of Baltimore’s sound world—which included church music, brass bands, parade bands, ragtime, and early jazz groups—was a training ground for Webb. Baltimore’s ragtime and early jazz ensembles played music similar to the sound of James Reese Europe’s small groups: upbeat cakewalks and marches, and “ragged” versions of popular songs for dancing. Many musicians were classically trained and also played “hot” jazz in small clubs in East Baltimore and along Pennsylvania Avenue. Webb’s first professional jobs were with small bands at the dance halls and basement clubs around Pennsylvania Avenue. In the early 1920s Webb joined the Jazzeola Orchestra, led by clarinetist Percy Glascoe, which played on Captain George Brown’s excursion steamboat on Chesapeake Bay. Many of Baltimore’s best musicians moved or had moved to New York and Harlem in what might be called the Musicians’ Migration. Webb would be one.
Savoy
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The founding of the Savoy Ballroom is the story of intersecting migrations in Harlem: of Afro-Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and Eastern European Jews. The seed money came from the Galewskis (Gales), a family of Jewish immigrants in the leather business. Founding owners Moe Gale and I. Jay Faggen hired Charles Buchanan, born in the British West Indies, as manager. The Savoy’s inaugural ball, Friday, March 12, 1926, was attended by city officials, and the featured bands were Fess Williams and His Royal Flush Orchestra, the Savoy Bearcats, and Fletcher Henderson’s Orchestra. The Savoy, built for Harlem to have its own elegant ballroom, was an economic engine with a staff of over a hundred people. During the Swing Era, the Savoy attracted more white visitors: musicians and jazz and dance fans. The Savoy’s showcase dance was the Lindy Hop, which at first was too wild to be performed alongside conventional dancers. In the late 1920s, Webb’s band had occasional gigs at the Savoy and the Lafayette Theater. In October 1927, the band landed a steady engagement at Rose Danceland, a small dance hall for white patrons on 125th Street, which had a radio wire. Webb’s band was heard live on broadcasts three times a week and got booked on a vaudeville tour in January 1928. The tour collapsed, and Webb and the band returned to New York with no money and lost their job at Rose Danceland.
Former Baltimore Newspaper Boy
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Alhambra incident hampered Webb’s chances at working more often at the Savoy, which staged another “battle of music” without his band. By this time, the Savoy was an important community center hosting sponsored dances and themed balls. Webb was generous to musicians and helped Johnny Hodges and Cootie Williams get steadier work with Duke Ellington. In 1929, Webb landed a fantastic opportunity when his band was hired for the nightclub scene of After Seben, a thirteen-minute “talking picture” starring James Barton, a white vaudeville comedian and dancer. In the summer of 1929, Webb subbed for Duke Ellington’s Orchestra at the Cotton Club. Webb and his band released their first 78-rpm records for Brunswick, “Jungle Mama,” a bluesy foxtrot, and “Dog Bottom,” an up-tempo stomp.
Spinnin’ the Webb
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Webb as an innovative drummer, his custom-made drum sets, musicians and disability, and his bandleading skills. On the bandstand at the Savoy Ballroom, Webb sat in the middle of the band’s front line. Nothing about his drumming—its force, power, forward-pushing sense of swing—suggested that he had a disability, even though he had a spinal deformity. Black and white entertainment reporters often painted a narrative of Webb’s triumph against all odds, including poverty and disability, but as the first drummer-bandleader in jazz, he was decisive and confident about his band’s musical direction. His development as a drummer went along with refinements in the drum set, drum hardware, and accessory instruments. The Gretsch instrument company designed a custom kit for Webb, the quintessential artist-drummer, which included the premier Gretsch-Gladstone snare, designed by Billy Gladstone, Radio City’s percussionist, who also invented drums and percussion gear. This chapter discusses Webb’s drumming mastery, his friendships with other prominent Swing Era drummers like Gene Krupa and Jo Jones, and his influence on modern jazz drummers including Max Roach, Kenny Clarke, and Art Blakey.
Sing Me a Swing Song
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Between 1933 and 1936, the Savoy Ballroom was ground zero for a cross-country cultural wave: swing music and swing dance. Dancers, celebrities, and lookers-on came to the Savoy for its up-to-the-minute music and to dance the Lindy Hop. Chick Webb and His Orchestra were early adapters of the swing beat, which was perfect for the Lindy style and became the Savoy’s soundtrack. At the Savoy, a man named Herbert “Whitey” White organized the top dancers, including France Manning and Norma Miller, into small groups to perform at parties for a few dollars, most of which he would pocket. Later on, some of Whitey’s Lindy Hoppers teams appeared in theater shows, on international tours, and in movies. Webb’s NBC nationwide spots (on WJZ in New York) and the band’s broadcasts from the Savoy kept their music on the air throughout the spring and summer of 1935 and put more of the spotlight on their new vocalist Ella Fitzgerald. On March 31, 1935, Webb and his rhythm section played at the New York Metropolitan Opera’s annual fundraising gala, and Webb received the most press attention ever in Black and white newspapers across the country.
Chasin’ the Blues Away
Authors: Crease Stephanie Stein 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
When Ella Fitzgerald entered Webb’s world, he had plenty of airtime on nationwide radio and live Savoy broadcasts, and she was soon heard singing on the air. Decca producer Jack Kapp scheduled the band’s second recording date for June 12, 1935, at which Fitzgerald made her first recordings. In between trips that summer, Webb’s health was reported in the press for the first time. A month later Chick Webb and His Orchestra with Ella debuted at the Apollo Theater. A hit with Apollo audiences, they played there regularly over the next few years. Webb’s next Decca sessions were on October 12, 1935. Over the summer and fall of 1935, Fitzgerald went on her first tours with the band, which would become more frequent, including stops in Nashville and other southern cities. The band’s popularity grew along with swing music and dance, a trend throughout 1935 that swept across America the following year, crisscrossing audiences, racially and economically. That moment, when a form of music and dance born in Black communities became America’s music, deep ethical, legal, and professional issues were now visible as everyday examples of racism, appropriation, and cultural bias.