bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of AMSU-A Radiance Observation Impacts in an LETKF-Based Atmospheric Global Data Assimilation System: Comparison with EFSO and Observing System Experiments
Authors: Yamazaki Akira , Terasaki Koji , Miyoshi Takemasa , Noguchi Shunsuke 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This work assesses the contribution of assimilating AMSU-A satellite-based radiance measurements to a global data assimilation system based on an atmospheric general circulation model and the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF). The radiance measurements were from three channels that are sensitive to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The contribution of these measurements, or AMSU-A observation impact, was estimated both through ensemble-based forecast sensitivity to observations (EFSO) and observing system experiments (OSEs). Two streams of data-denial experiments for the AMSU-A observations were performed for about one month during winter in each hemisphere. The OSEs quantified the accumulated observation impact by cycling (repeating) data denials: including AMSU-A observations reduced the total observation impact for all observations of each data assimilation cycle. In contrast, EFSO estimated AMSU-A to increase the total observation impact. The opposing effects were attributed to the accumulated observation impact in the OSEs; the accumulation could stabilize the data assimilation cycles. In both experiments, the accumulated observation impact of AMSU-A was strongest in the upper troposphere, particularly in the austral midlatitudes where westerly jets exist and observations of other types are sparse. EFSO also assessed AMSU-A to have the most beneficial observation impact in similar locations. The AMSU-A observation impact tended to accumulate just downstream of where EFSO estimated the beneficial observation impact signals. The accumulated AMSU-A observation impact was tied to dynamic processes in the upper-tropospheric and general stratospheric circulation. Therefore, EFSO helps estimate the beneficial distributions of AMSU-A accumulated observation impact by considering their dynamical propagation.

Significance Statement
The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) satellite radiance assimilation technique was successfully integrated into the Atmospheric General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator (AFES)–LETKF data assimilation system. We conducted OSEs and used EFSO to assess the AMSU-A observation impact. The two estimation methods identified opposite observation impacts due to the cycling (repeating) OSEs of the AMSU-A observations. We interpreted the causes of the opposite estimations. However, even for the cycling OSEs, EFSO appeared to help estimate distributions of the accumulated observation impact. It is important to consider the dynamical propagation of accumulated observation impact in general circulation.
Children’s experiences of development in alternative sports programmes
Authors: Högman Johan , Augustsson Christian 
Published: April 2023

Aim: As more children become increasingly physically inactive, efforts to reverse this negative trend are growing. Research has indicated, however, that we know relatively little about the pedagogical processes built into programmes and interventions. This is especially true in respect of how children view the process of becoming more physically active. This article therefore explores developmental processes as they unfold in the context of alternative sports programmes through children’s voices. Methods: Theoretically, children’s development is approached from a bioecological perspective focusing on the interaction between the child and its environment. This article builds on material collected from 5 focus groups conducted with 16 children in total (aged 11–15 years) after participating in an alternative sports programme. The data were analysed abductively using a qualitative content analysis technique. Findings: Findings illustrate how children develop physically active behaviours internally, as they acquire certain skills and knowledge, as well as between children and a multisystemic environment. In this study, children experienced that exploring practical activities in authentic situations could contribute to better understanding of the relationship between themselves and physical activities in their local community. Conclusion: To enable development in interventions, paying attention to the extent to which exo- and mesosystems influence children’s relationships with the outside world is key. Participation may lead to an improved understanding of the surrounding world and the ability to further develop in an increasingly complex reciprocal process with the environment.
A systematic review of the determinants of implementation of a locomotor training program using a powered exoskeleton for individuals with a spinal cord injury
Authors: Charette Caroline , Déry Julien , Blanchette Andreanne K , Faure Céline , Routhier François , Bouyer Laurent J , Lamontagne Marie-Eve 
Published: April 2023

Background Wearable powered exoskeletons represent a promising rehabilitation tool for locomotor training in various populations, including in individuals with a spinal cord injury. The lack of clear evidence on how to implement a locomotor powered exoskeleton training program raises many challenges for patients, clinicians and organizations. Objective To report determinants of implementation in clinical practice of an overground powered exoskeleton locomotor training program for persons with a spinal cord injury. Data sources Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science. Study selection Studies were included if they documented determinants of implementation of an overground powered exoskeleton locomotor training program for individuals with spinal cord injury. Data extraction Eligible studies were identified by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer, based on constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, and validated by a second reviewer. Results Sixty-three articles were included. 49.4% of all determinants identified were related to the intervention characteristics, 29.6% to the individuals’ characteristic and 13.5% to the inner setting. Recurrent barriers identified were the high prevalence of adverse events (e.g., skin issues, falls) and device malfunctions. Adequate training for clinicians, time and resource available, as well as discussion about patients’ expectations were identified as facilitators. Conclusions Powered exoskeleton training is a complex intervention. The limited information on the context and the implementation process domains may represent a barrier to a successful transition from knowledge to action.
Estimating the per-protocol effect of lithium on suicidality in a randomized trial of individuals with depression or bipolar disorder
Authors: Szmulewicz Alejandro , Madenci Arin , Ferguson Ryan , Liang Matthew H , Lew Robert , Katz Ira R , Hernán Miguel A 
Published: April 2023

Background: The CSP590 randomized trial was designed to estimate the effect of lithium on suicidality. After a third of the intended number of participants were enrolled, the hazard ratio of suicidality was 1.10 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.55). Based on this, the trial was stopped for futility. However, only 17% of patients adhered to the specified protocol. Aims: The objective was to estimate the per-protocol effect of lithium on suicidality, that is, the effect of adhering to the treatment strategies as specified in the protocol. Methods: We stopped individuals’ follow-up if/when they showed evidence of nonadherence. We then conducted the analysis in the restricted sample, adjusting for prognostic factors that predict adherence via inverse probability weighting. The primary outcome was the 12-month risk of suicidality (including death from suicide, suicide attempt, interrupted attempt, hospitalization specifically to prevent suicide). Results: The estimated 12-month risk of suicidality was 18.8% for lithium, and 24.3% for placebo. The risk ratio was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.43, 1.37) and the risk difference −5.5 percentage points (95% CI: −17.5, 5.5). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: With one-third of the targeted sample size, lithium effects (compared with placebo) ranging between a 17.5% reduction and a 5.5% increase in the risk of suicidality were highly compatible with the data. Thus, a protective effect of lithium on suicidality among patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder cannot be ruled out. Trials should incorporate adequate per-protocol analyses into the decision-making processes for stopping trials for futility.
Lidocaine aerosol sprayed on oral and/or nasal mucosa for the rescue of acute trigeminal neuralgia exacerbations: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Xiangjun , Shen Ying , Zhao Chunmei , Luo Fang 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Acute trigeminal neuralgia exacerbation is a common reason for frequent emergency department visits, that often occurs while waiting for surgery, but evidence on effective drugs for acute trigeminal neuralgia is scant. Whether lidocaine aerosol could be a rescue option for the treatment of acute trigeminal neuralgia exacerbations is worth exploring. Positive predictors of the analgesic effects of lidocaine aerosol also warrant further investigation. Methods This is a retrospective study with a total of 152 patients. We analyzed the efficacy of lidocaine aerosol for the treatment of acute trigeminal neuralgia exacerbations. A positive response was considered a decrease in the VAS score of at least 50% at 30 min of treatment. Multivariable logistic analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for lidocaine aerosol response. Results In the group of 109 responders, the VAS score decreased from 8.3 ± 1.1 cm to 0.8 ± 1.0 cm at 15 min, and 1.7 ± 1.0 cm at 30 min. The effective rate at 15 min and 30 min were 77.6% and 70.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic analyses showed the treatment may provide better clinical outcomes in V2 trigeminal neuralgia (OR 0.01, 95%Cl 0.001–0.15, p < 0.001), V3 trigeminal neuralgia (OR 0.02, 95%Cl 0.001–0.16, p = 0.001), and V2 + V3 trigeminal neuralgia (OR 0.01, 95%Cl 0.001–0.13, p < 0.001), patients who were taking carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine with a maximum dose (OR 6.15, 95%Cl 2.11–17.93, p = 0.001) were less likely to experience immediate pain relief. Conclusion Lidocaine aerosol sprayed on oral and/or nasal mucosa is beneficial for immediate pain relief in patients with acute trigeminal neuralgia exacerbations. It is expected to become a promising treatment option for patients with V2 and/or V3 trigeminal neuralgia.
Effect of body mass index on prostate volume and prostate-specific antigen in men over 50: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zaza Mohamed Mahmoud , Salem Tarek Abdel-Majid , Hassanin Ismail Shawky Fahmy , Soliman Mohamed Hassan Ali 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: To assess the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) levels, and prostate volume (PV) in men over 50 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Urology Outpatient Clinic at Badr Hospital and 15th May Hospital over a period of 6 months on 300 male patients over 50 years of age. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS) was used to evaluate the severity of lower tract urinary symptoms. Patients were classified according to their BMI as underweight, normal, overweight, obese, and very obese. Results: The patients’ mean age was 69.01 ± 11.95 years, and their mean BMI was 23.65 ± 3.54 kg/m2. An increasing trend was observed between the studied groups in terms of PV and IPSS scores. Very obese patients were associated with a significant ( p < 0.05) higher PV and IPSS, followed by obese, overweighted, normal weight, and underweighted patients. On the other hand, obese patients were associated with significantly ( p = 0.005) lower PSA levels compared with individuals with normal or underweight. A significant positive correlation between BMI and PV and IPSS ( r = 0.316, p < 0.001 and r = 0.36, p < 0.001), respectively. We found a significant negative correlation between BMI and PSA level ( r = −0.33, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Among patients older than 50, a significant correlation between BMI and PV, PAS, and IPSS was found. Obese patients had significantly higher PV and IPSS scores, and lower PAS levels than normal weight patients. Further studies are required to investigate the relationship between obesity and LUTS and the predictors of developing BPH in elderly patients.
Transvaginal surgical treatment of stage III-IV cystocele using a light prolene mesh: Safety of use and 5-year follow-up results
Authors: Banakhevych Roman , Akymova Klavdiia , Pariienko Kateryna , Nechaiev Vsevolod 
Published: April 2023

Objective: The relevance of the article is due to the spread of the problem of genital prolapse in women. In order to solve this, the purpose of the presented work is to present and evaluate the 5-year experience of using light-weight polypropylene mesh, which is used in the transvaginal surgical treatment of stage III-IV cystocele. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Dnipro State Medical University at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in the period from 2010 to 2020. A total of 612 patients with an average age of 64.8 ± 8.2 years (range 47–79) were included in it. Results: Long-term analysis of operative treatment in 374 patients (76.0%) after 60 months showed a high level of satisfaction with the results of the operation 99.2% (371/374). A significant level of elimination of pathological symptoms in the functioning of the pelvic organs and improvement of the quality of life was established, which were assessed using questionnaires: PFDI-20 (76.4–4.3 ( p < 0.05)), PFIQ-7 (41–8.4 ( p < 0.05)), before the operation and at the final stage of the study. In total, 12 months after the operation, 2.6% (12/467) of the patients were re-operated on due to erosion of the vaginal wall at the site of placement of the MESH-system. Conclusions: The proposed technique for restoring the front wall of the vagina in case of an isolated cystocele of the III-IV degree, without signs of incomplete or complete prolapse of the uterus, showed a recurrence-free result in the indicated segment of the vagina.
Recycling effects on the bending, rheological, and structural properties of glass fiber-reinforced isotactic polypropylene composites
Authors: Achukwu EO , Owen MM , Danladi A , Dauda BM , Romli AZ , Shuib Solehuddin B , Ishiaku US , Hazizan Akil Md 
Published: April 2023

In the present work, a combination of virgin polypropylene and E-glass fiber was subjected to ten (10) reprocessing cycles via extrusion and compression molding techniques to mimic recycling and its impacts on the bending properties of the composites. The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and melt flow index (MFI). The results revealed a gradual depreciation in flexural properties after each reprocessing cycle. The XRD analysis indicated a substantial reduction of peak intensities, degrees of crystallinities, and average crystallite sizes, explaining the lowered flexural properties in addition to a possible reduction in glass fiber lengths (fiber attrition). Melt-processing behavior shows a progressive increase of MFI from 7 to 19.16 g/10 min, confirming the probable damage in molecular weight and loss of complex viscosity. Chemical and structural analysis showed no alteration in the polypropylene major functional groups. It is concluded that the reductions in molecular weight and composites’ properties occurred due to chain scission from recycling effects; hence, glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites can be recycled only three (3) times unless it is refreshed by the addition of virgin parts to compensate for the lost property.
Why does knee flexion in the standing position occur? Spinal deformity or knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Jili , Ushirozako Hiroki , Yamato Yu , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Banno Tomohiro , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Yamada Tomohiro , Ide Koichiro , Nakai Keiichi , Kurosu Kenta , Hoshino Hironobu , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: April 2023

Background: The interaction between knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity and knee flexion (KF) remains unclear. We aimed to clarify the relationship between KF in the standing position and the severity of spinal deformity and knee osteoarthritis. Methods: We analyzed older volunteers aged over 60 years who participated in the musculoskeletal screening program. The participant’s characteristics and standing radiographic parameters were assessed. After a preliminary analysis, a propensity score-matched model was established with adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Cases were divided into KF (knee angle [KA] ≥10°) and non-KF (KA <10°) groups. Results: In a preliminary analysis of 252 cases (42 KF and 210 non-KF), there were significant differences in age and BMI between the KF and non-KF groups (all p < 0.05). Using a one-to-one propensity score-matched analysis, 38 pairs of cases were selected. There were significantly higher values of C7 sagittal vertical axis, T1 pelvic angle, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, KA, ankle angle, and pelvic shift in the KF group than in the non-KF group (all p < 0.05). In the KF group, 71.1% of the cases had severe spinal deformity (defined as marked deformity by the SRS-Schwab classification), and 31.6% had severe knee osteoarthritis (defined as a Kellgren Lawrence grade ≥3). Of the 31.6%, 7.9% were attributable to knee osteoarthritis alone, and 23.7% to both knee osteoarthritis and spinal deformity. Conclusions: This study clarified that compensatory changes due to spinopelvic malalignment, not due to knee osteoarthritis alone, mainly affected KF in the standing position.
Future-proofing structural design of an acute mental health inpatient unit
Authors: Arya Dinesh K 
Published: April 2023

Objective The design of an acute mental health inpatient facility must enable the provision of safe and effective care in an environment that is therapeutic. To be able to do that, in addition to the fittings, light and general ambience, a future design of such a facility must consider how consumers are likely to access mental healthcare in the future, what aspects of care they are likely to find value-adding and how the inpatient aspect of their care is likely to be integrated within their care continuum. Conclusions The future design must anticipate how consumers are likely to access information, support, care and treatment, how workflows of staff are likely to change, how the diverse needs of mental health consumers will need to be accommodated and how the needs and expectations of staff will be met to enable them to provide support to mental health consumers. A future design of a mental health inpatient unit may have to be very different from the current thinking about the design of such facilities.
Assessing Adult ADHD Through Objective Neuropsychological Measures: A Critical Overview
Authors: Rosso Gianluca , Portaluppi Caterina , Teobaldi Elena , Di Salvo Gabriele , Maina Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

Objective: This review examines the role of neuropsychological tests in the diagnostic assessment of adult ADHD, focusing on their ability to discriminate individuals with ADHD from those with other psychiatric conditions. Method: PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched for eligible peer-reviewed studies from inception to September 2022. Results: Ten studies were included. Among the objective measures analyzed, Continuous Performance Tests were the only capable to reliably distinguish individuals with ADHD from other psychiatric patients, in a combined approach with clinical interview instruments. The other objective tests showed mixed and inconsistent results. Conclusion: This finding suggest that further studies are needed to develop objective measures more tailored to the core symptoms of ADHD, in order to improve the discriminatory ability of the tests and help the clinicians in the complex differential diagnosis between ADHD and other psychiatric disorders.
Chronic axillary wounds in cats: what do we know and how should we manage them?
Authors: Domingues Paulino Rodrigo , Williams John M 
Published: April 2023

Practical relevance: Axillary wounds most often occur in outdoor cats that wear a collar, typically after having been missing. These wounds are commonly chronic and indolent in nature, and although there is so far no consensus on an explanation for this, it is likely that there are several factors involved. Clinical challenges: Axillary wounds are often difficult to manage due to the frequent presence of infection, their histopathological characteristics and their location, where there is excessive tension and movement of the axillary tissues. Initial surgical treatment has a high reported incidence of failure and complications in the literature, with wound breakdown reported most commonly. Giving due consideration to the difficulties of managing these wounds, however, will help practitioners to decrease the occurrence of complications and the need for multiple procedures, and therefore improve the outcome. Equipment: Initial approach and surgical management can be achieved using standard medical equipment and surgical kit available to general practitioners. Evidence base: This review discusses the surgical techniques reported in the literature to have successfully treated chronic axillary wounds and recommendations are also provided based on the authors’ clinical experience.
Evaluating Inpatient Hospital Charges Associated With Trauma Service Patients Participating in an Accountable Care Organization
Authors: Salhany Richard J , Genovese-Scullin Daniel , Eversley-Danso Jasmin A , Mendez Humroy , Rubinshteyn Vladimir , Lakhi Nisha 
Published: April 2023

Background: The Medicare Accountable Care Organization (ACO) Program has created a vehicle for providers who practice cost containment and exceed quality for the Medicare population. The success of ACO’s nationwide have been well documented. However, there is little research evaluating if there is a cost saving benefit in trauma care with respect to participating in an ACO. Thus, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate inpatient hospital charges associated with trauma service utilization of patients participating in the ACO compared to non-ACO patients. Methods: This case-control retrospective study includes a comparison of inpatients charges of ACO patients (cases) and general trauma patients (controls) presenting to our trauma center in Staten Island, New York from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2021. A 1:1 matching of case to control was performed based on age, sex, race, and injury severity score. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS, with P < .05 as significant. Results: A total of 80 patients were included in the ACO cohort and 80 matched in the General Trauma cohort. Patient demographics were similar. Comorbidities were similar with the exception of a higher in incidence of hypertension (75.0% vs 47.5%, P < .001) and cardiac disease (35.0% vs 17.5%, P = .012) in the ACO cohort. Both the ACO and general trauma cohort had similar Injury Severity Scores, number of visits and lenght of stay. Both charge total ($76 148.93 vs $70 916.82, P = .630) receipt total ($15 080.26 vs $14 180, P = .662) charges were similar between ACO and General Trauma patients. Conclusion: In spite of increased incidence of hypertension and cardiac disease in ACO trauma patients, mean Injury Severity Score, number of visits, length of hospital stay, ICU admission rate and charge total was similar compared to general trauma patients presenting to our Level 1 Adult Trauma Center.