bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of available health services at subcentres as per Indian public health standards guidelines in a district of Jammu and Kashmir India: A cross sectional study
Authors: Kataria Ghulam Mustafa , Kaul Rauf Ur Rashid 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Subcentre is the lowest rung of a referral pyramid of health facilities. The purpose of health subcentre is mainly providing preventive and promotive services, but it also provides a basic level of curative services.

Objectives:
To assess the existing services availability at subcentres and identification of gaps between minimum requirements as per Indian public health standards and actual availability of services at subcentres.

Material and Methods:
It was a cross sectional observational study. Study units were subcentres. Fifty percent of subcentres of the district were selected using simple random sampling method. Check list prepared from Indian public health standards facility survey formats was used for data collection and collected data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences.

Results:
Majority (58.8%) of the subcentres were catering a population in the range of 1000–3000. Ante-natal and child care related services were available in all subcentres. Intra-natal services were available in only two subcentres. Eighty five percent of subcentres were involved in providing school health related services.

Conclusion:
Most of the services as recommended by Indian public health standards were available in the studied subcentres. The lack of some services was mainly due to inadequate staff and infrastructure at subcentres. Comprehensive efforts are required to ensure adequate service delivery at all health centres.
Distraction osteogenesis in treatment of unilateral alveolar cleft
Authors: Nowair Ibrahim M. , Ibrahim Marwa T. , Elshreif Ahmed M. 
Published: July 2023

Objective
This study was planned to compare the distraction of the lesser segment versus the greater segment via usage of (Liou cleft distractor) in repair of unilateral alveolar cleft.

Patients & Methods
16 patients with unilateral alveolar clefts were included in this study. They were divided into two equal groups according to the osteotomized segment, Group I: in which the lesser bone segment was osteotomized for alveolar cleft repair. Group II: in which the greater segment was osteotomized for alveolar cleft repair.

Results
Stage I distraction: after three months, showed significant difference in the width of the cleft side in both groups as P-value was 0.007 in group I and P-value was 0.001 in group II. No significant differences in the vitality and mobility of teeth in both groups. The amount of relapse in the regenerate area at the different observation periods 3 and 6 months between both groups were statistically significant (P-value 0.018). Radiographic finding showed no significant difference of the inclination changes of the transported segment in group I (P-value 0.816), while in group II showed significant difference (P-value 0.001). Stage II alveolar cleft grafting: graft resorption and recurrence of fistula was recorded in one case of group II. The differences of the density of the grafted bone between the first month and six months in each group postoperatively were statistically significant in both groups as P-value 0.001 and 0.001 in group I and Group II respectively.

Conclusion
Both the lesser and the greater segments are suitable for treatment of alveolar cleft with some drawbacks related to the palatal inclination of transported segment in group II as compared to group I.
Endocrowns as permanent restorations for endodontically treated permanent molars in young age
Authors: Alassar Roqaia , AbdelKafy Heba , Mohamed Eman A. 
Published: July 2023

Statement of the problem
For permanent molars in young age, which treatment planning guarantees better performance of such weakened teeth should be followed starting from the endodontic therapy till the final coronal restoration?

Purpose
The aim was to evaluate the performance of endocrowns as permanent restorations for endodontically treated molars (ETMs) in young age in a 2-year period.

Materials and methods
Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. Ten patients of 9–12 years old were selected at random, in accordance with Research Ethics Committee (REC) of Faculty of Dental Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University and in conjunction with Departments of Pedodontics, Endodontics, and Crowns and Bridges. For endodontic treatment, Protaper Next system and iRoot SP sealer were used. According to the coronal restoration type, the patients were divided into two groups. Group 1: the patient received direct composite resin restorations, and Group 2: the patient received endocrown restorations. Due to the small sample size, statistical descriptive methods were applied.

Results
After 2-year follow up, all endocrowns were in function while two composite restorations failed.

Conclusions
In young age, ETMs restored with Protaper Next system, iRoot SP sealer, and IPS e.max CAD endocrowns have excellent clinical performance.

Clinical significance
In young age, whenever indicated, endocrowns are highly recommended for ETMs as permanent, esthetic and conservative type of restorations.
«Él dio su vida por nosotros»
Authors: Figueroa Espejo Mercedes 
Published: July 2023

La Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación del Perú (2003) concluyó que las fuerzas estatales fueron responsables de aproximadamente un tercio de las víctimas mortales y más del 60 % de las desapariciones forzadas, durante el conflicto armado interno (1980-2000), enfrentando hoy graves denuncias por violaciones a los derechos humanos. Por esto, entre otros motivos, son percibidos como «perpetradores» y sus familiares constituyen un grupo escasamente visibilizado en las discusiones sobre el pasado reciente y políticas de reparación. Este artículo surge de mi investigación doctoral, desde la cual me pregunto por el lugar de las memorias familiares en las disputas por la verdad sobre el conflicto armado interno. Para responder a ello, desde una metodología participativa y una etnografía remota, me acerco a las fotografías familiares de policías y militares fallecidos desde los recuerdos de sus familiares más cercanas como una manera de visibilizar otras experiencias sobre la violencia de esos años. Particularmente, en este artículo reflexiono sobre cómo la presencia (visual y discursiva) del uniforme en el ámbito doméstico, enmarcada en una variedad de prácticas fotográficas, da cuenta de una serie de negociaciones entre narrativas institucionales y familiares sobre el pasado violento.
Satellite (GOSAT-2 CAI-2) retrieval and surface (ARFINET) observations of aerosol black carbon over India
Authors: Gogoi Mukunda M. , Babu S. Suresh , Imasu Ryoichi , Hashimoto Makiko 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Light-absorbing black carbon (BC) aerosols strongly
affect Earth's radiation budget and climate. This paper presents
satellite retrieval of BC over India based on observations from the Cloud
and Aerosol Imager-2 (CAI-2) on board the Greenhouse gases Observing
Satellite-2 (GOSAT-2). To evaluate and validate the satellite retrievals,
near-surface BC mass concentrations measured across the Aerosol Radiative
Forcing over India NETwork (ARFINET) of aerosol observatories are used. Then
the findings are extended to elucidate global BC features. The analysis
reveals that this satellite retrieval clearly demonstrates the regional and
seasonal features of BC over the Indian region, similarly to those recorded
by surface observations. Validation and closure studies between the two
datasets show RMSE < 1 and absolute difference below 2 µg m−3 for > 60 % of simultaneous observations, exhibiting
good associations for December, January, and February (R of approximately
0.73) and March, April, and May (R approx. 0.76). Over the hotspot regions
of India, satellite retrievals show a soot volume fraction of approx. 5 %,
columnar single-scattering albedo of approx. 0.8, and BC column optical
depth of approx. 0.1 during times of the highest BC loading, which are
comparable to other in situ and satellite measurements. In terms of global
spatiotemporal variation, satellite retrievals show higher BC occurring
mostly in areas where biomass burning is intense. Overall, this study
highlights the effectiveness of satellite retrieval of BC, which can be used
effectively for the regular monitoring of BC loading attributable to
vehicular, industrial, or biomass burning activities.
The tongue morphology of Pteropus vampyrus from Timor Island, Indonesia: New insights from scanning electron and light microscopic studies
Authors: SELAN YULFIA NELYMALIK , WIHADMADYATAMI HEVI , HARYANTO ARIS , KUSINDARTA DWI LILIEK 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Selan YN, Wihadmadyatami H, Haryanto A, Kusindarta DL. 2023. The tongue morphology of Pteropus vampyrus from Timor Island, Indonesia: New insights from scanning electron and light microscopic studies. Biodiversitas 24: 3512-3518. The large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758) is a Southeast Asian megabat species includes with frugivorous bats. The tongue plays a pivotal role in taking, chewing, and swallowing food. The structure of the bat tongue hampers considerable variation, mainly in the papilla. Variations occur owing to the feeding habits, environment, and adaptation of bats to their environments. The aim of this study was to clarify the morphological structure of the tongue of P. vampyrus obtained from the island of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Light Microscopy(LM). This study included six adult bats regardless of sex. Macroscopically, the tongue of P. vampyrus consists of three parts: the apex, corpus, and radix. SEM and LM confirmed that the apex presents filiform papillae of several subtypes, including scale-like filiform, giant trifid, and small crown-like papillae. In addition, the apex features fungiform and transitional papillae between the giant trifid and small crown-like papillae. Furthermore, the corpus consists of filiform papillae (leaf-like filiform and large crown-like papillae) and fungiform papillae. The radix consists of filiform papillae (long conical, leaf-like filiform, and short conical papillae), fungiform papillae, and three V-shaped circumvallate papillae pointing to the larynx.
Bibliography. The Most Significant Works of Professor N. P. Petrov
Authors: Editorial Article 
Published: July 2023

In this issue, instead of a review of new books or textbooks on transport and transportation, paying tribute to the oeuvres of our predecessors, the journal reproduces a bibliographic article first appeared more than a century ago in the journal «Zheleznodorozhnoe delo» [Rail Business]. The editors hope that it will help to get an idea of how concise, meaningful and, in modern terms, informative reviews of scientific literature were compiled at that time, as well as the range of scientific problems considered.By tradition, the publication retains the vocabulary, punctuation and abbreviations adopted at the beginning of the 20th century.
Standard Arm’s Length – w niewoli dogmatu
Authors: Lipka Krzysztof 
Published: July 2023

Właśnie mija sto lat od stworzenia standardu arm’s length (arm’s length principle – ALP). Przez ten czas zasada ta stała się jednym z fundamentów międzynarodowego prawa podatkowego. Na niej zbudowany jest w całości system cen transferowych. Artykuł omawia podstawowe wady i zalety zasady arm’s length oraz wyjaśnia powody, dla których uzyskała i utrzymuje nadal pozycję dominującą w rozwiązaniach dotyczących cen transferowych, choć coraz wyraźniej dostrzega się jej słabości. Alternatywą jest standard wykorzystujący mechanizmy alokacji przychodów (tzw. formulary apportionment – FA). W artykule przedstawiono tezę, że ze względu na zmiany wynikające ze zjawiska globalizacji i cyfryzacji ekonomiki, po dekadach wykorzystywania zasady arm’s length, obecnie nie wydaje się ona w pełni adekwatna do wyzwań współczesnej gospodarki światowej i nowego rozumienia sprawiedliwości fiskalnej. W konsekwencji nowe globalne zasady podatkowe wprowadzane jako odpowiedź na zjawiska takie jak: prowadzenie działalności gospodarczej z użyciem narzędzi elektronicznych e-commerce, a także pojawiające się postulaty inkorporacji podatków o zasięgu światowym mogą być oparte na alternatywnych rozwiązaniach, np. zasadzie formulary apportionment. Zastosowanie tej metody jako rozwiązania konkretnych problemów może skutkować powolnym odchodzeniem od zasady arm’s length. Choć wiele jej zawdzięczamy, to nadmierne przywiązanie może spowalniać konieczne i ważne zmiany. Zmiany te będą bardzo trudne, mogą się jednak okazać nieodwracalne.

It will be soon one hundred years since the arm’s length principle (ALP) was introduced. During the past century, the standard has become one of the foundations of the international tax order. Furthermore, the whole transfer pricing system is built around it.This article discusses the ALP’s key features and explains why it gained the dominant position in transfer pricing regulations despite its serious weaknesses. An alternative exists, called formulary apportionment, whose mechanism is based on profit allocation. The article’s thesis is that, due to changes resulting from globalisation and digitalisation of the economy, the arm’s length principle is no longer adequate to the challenges of the modern global economy and the new meaning of tax justice. It is suggested that the new global tax rules, considered in response to phenomena such as e-commerce and postulates to introduce global taxes should be based on alternative income allocation mechanisms such as formulary apportionment. This new development may initiate a process of taxes drifting away from the arm’s length standard. Although we owe it a lot, excessive loyalty can slow down necessary changes. These changes will be very difficult, but nevertheless they seem irreversible.
Student Perceptions of Online Examinations as an Emergency Measure during Covid-19
Authors: Biccard Piera , Mudau Patience Kelebogile , Van den Berg Geesje 
Published: July 2023

This article explores student perceptions of writing online examinations for the first time during the Covid-19 pandemic. Prior to the pandemic, examinations at an open and distance learning institution in South Africa were conducted as venue-based examinations. From March 2020, all examinations were moved online. Online examinations were introduced as an emergency measure to adhere to safety and health protocols. Although students in developed countries have indicated benefits to online examinations, less is known about students living in the Global South when it comes to writing examinations online. Not enough is known about the benefits and challenges of online examinations since they were implemented as an emergency measure. We aimed at exploring student perceptions of writing online examinations for the first time, improve examination processes by including student views. Through an analysis of 336 written responses to an open-ended question posed at the end of an online survey, we established that digital access, duration of the examination, and the examination system interface affected students’ success in online examinations. Based on the findings, we recommend that students need to be given tools and data to participate in online examinations. Furthermore, students should be granted ample opportunity to practise writing online examinations while receiving the necessary support.
Fabrication, characterization, and application of the water hyacinth biochar-polyvinyl alcohol composite as an advantageous sound absorber material
Authors: Wibawa Pratama Jujur , Grafiana Nur Farida , Gunawan  
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe research was aiming to investigate the potency of water hyacinth (WH) biochar as the most advantageous sound absorber composite when it was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It was the first time using WH biochar-based composite as a sound absorber material. Analysis and characterization of the produced WH biochar were essentially performed using N2 absorption–desorption, FTIR spectrophotometer, and SEM methods. While the capability of the sound absorber material was technically conducted using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) impedance tube of about 95 cm in length with internal and outer diameters of about 9.5 cm and 9.8 cm respectively. The materials that would be tested for their capability of sound absorber were prepared in a disk-like form with about 9.5 cm in diameter and 0.5 cm in thickness. The sound source was continuously turned on for 2 min and transmitted wirelessly through the impedance tube, and the decreasing intensity of the sound was recorded every 5 s. The results showed that the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) of the WH biochar-PVA composite was about 6.50% (0.0650) up to 21.03% (0.2103), while the SAC of the Styrofoam was just about 4.37% (0.0437). This research concluded that the WH biochar produced by the thermal energy of 500 °C indicated it could be the best sound absorber composite when it was blended with PVA, especially for a low frequency of about 440 Hz.
CONTROL OF THE SHEAR STRAIN IN THE HOMOGENIZATION ZONE OF THE DISK EXTRUDER
Authors: NOVODVORSKYI Volodymyr , SHVED Nikolai 
Published: July 2023

A simple method for determining the quality of a polymer melt is very important in production. A method that provides simplicity and quick use, making it valuable for optimizing extrusion processes.
This work describes how the mixing effect can be improved by changing the velocity fields and thereby changing the shear strain values. The shear strain has been calculated for all four channels of the homogenization zone of a disk extruder. It was found that changing the disk rotation frequency allows changing mean value of the channel shear strain rate from 3324 to 4966 with constant performance for the entire homogenization zone. The impact of the different channels on the mixing effect was evaluated, with the first, second, third, and fourth channels contributing 21%, 57%, 15%, and 7% respectively to the overall homogenization zone's effectiveness of mixing. Additionally, it was found that the second channel experiences the highest shear strain values. In the case of the third channel, although the shear rate values are relatively high, the short residence time of the melt element results in comparatively smaller shear strain values. The average shear strain values remain constant for a given disk speed. It is indicated that it is possible to assess the quality of mixing by the amount of energy supplied, which simplifies the process of determining the quality of the melt, as well as its regulation.
Identification of markers for predicting prognosis and endocrine metabolism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by miRNA–mRNA network mining and machine learning
Authors: Zhang Xixia , Li Xiao , Wang Caixia , Wang Shuang , Zhuang Yuan , Liu Bing , Lian Xin 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundNasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has a high incidence in Southern China and Asia, and its survival is extremely poor in advanced patients. MiRNAs play critical roles in regulating gene expression and serve as therapeutic targets in cancer. This study sought to disclose key miRNAs and target genes responsible for NPC prognosis and endocrine metabolism.Materials and methodsThree datasets (GSE32960, GSE70970, and GSE102349) of NPC samples came from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Limma and WGCNA were applied to identify key prognostic miRNAs. There were 12 types of miRNA tools implemented to study potential target genes (mRNAs) of miRNAs. Univariate Cox regression and stepAIC were introduced to construct risk models. Pearson analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between endocrine metabolism and RiskScore. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), MCP-counter, and ESTIMATE were performed for immune analysis. The response to immunotherapy was predicted by TIDE and SubMap analyses.ResultsTwo key miRNAs (miR-142-3p and miR-93) were closely involved in NPC prognosis. The expression of the two miRNAs was dysregulated in NPC cell lines. A total of 125 potential target genes of the key miRNAs were screened, and they were enriched in autophagy and mitophagy pathways. Five target genes (E2F1, KCNJ8, SUCO, HECTD1, and KIF23) were identified to construct a prognostic model, which was used to divide patients into high group and low group. RiskScore was negatively correlated with most endocrine-related genes and pathways. The low-risk group manifested higher immune infiltration, anticancer response, more activated immune-related pathways, and higher response to immunotherapy than the high-risk group.ConclusionsThis study revealed two key miRNAs that were highly contributable to NPC prognosis. We delineated the specific links between key miRNAs and prognostic mRNAs with miRNA–mRNA networks. The effectiveness of the five-gene model in predicting NPC prognosis as well as endocrine metabolism provided a guidance for personalized immunotherapy in NPC patients.
Desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais de crianças com deficiência intelectual
Authors: Vargas Leandro Martinez , Gutierrez Gustavo Luis , Gorla José Irineu 
Published: July 2023

O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar o desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais (locomoção e controle de objetos) de crianças de 7 a 12 anos com deficiência intelectual. Participaram da pesquisa 47 alunos, de ambos os gêneros. As crianças foram avaliadas por meio do Test of Gross Motor Development – Second Edition (TGMD-2), proposto por Ulrich (2000). O tratamento estatístico foi realizado por meio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 20. Os resultados apontaram que: as crianças avaliadas apresentaram um atraso motor em relação a população de referência; a diferença entre a idade cronológica e a idade motora estimada para cada subteste foi significativa e; os meninos apresentaram desempenho significativamente melhor em relação as meninas nos subtestes de locomoção e controle de objetos do TGMD-2. Recomenda-se a implementação de um programa interventivo, com o objetivo proporcionar um melhor aprimoramento das habilidades motoras fundamentais dessas crianças e consequente diminuição do atraso motor.