bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Tau PET Visual Interpretation with Tau PET Quantification, Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers, and Longitudinal Clinical Assessment
Authors: Chen Charles D. , Ponisio Maria Rosana , Lang Jordan A. , Flores Shaney , Schindler Suzanne E. , Fagan Anne M. , Morris John C. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. 
Published: April 2023

Background: 18F-flortaucipir PET received FDA approval to visualize aggregated neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in brains of adult patients with cognitive impairment being evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, manufacturer’s guidelines for visual interpretation of 18F-flortaucipir PET differ from how 18F-flortaucipir PET has been measured in research settings using standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). How visual interpretation relates to 18F-flortaucipir PET SUVR, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, or longitudinal clinical assessment is not well understood. Objective: We compare various diagnostic methods in participants enrolled in longitudinal observational studies of aging and memory ( n = 189, 23 were cognitively impaired). Methods: Participants had tau PET, Aβ PET, MRI, and clinical and cognitive evaluation within 18 months ( n = 189); the majority ( n = 144) also underwent lumbar puncture. Two radiologists followed manufacturer’s guidelines for 18F-flortaucipir PET visual interpretation. Results: Visual interpretation had high agreement with SUVR (98.4%)and moderate agreement with CSF p-tau181 (86.1%). Two participants demonstrated 18F-flortaucipir uptake from meningiomas. Visual interpretation could not predict follow-up clinical assessment in 9.52% of cases. Conclusion: Visual interpretation was highly consistent with SUVR (discordant participants had hemorrhagic infarcts or occipital-predominant AD NFT deposition) and moderately consistent with CSF p-tau181 (discordant participants had AD pathophysiology not detectable on tau PET). However, close association between AD NFT deposition and clinical onset in group-level studies does not necessarily hold at the individual level, with discrepancies arising from atypical AD, vascular dementia, or frontotemporal dementia. A better understanding of relationships across imaging, CSF biomarkers, and clinical assessment is needed to provide appropriate diagnoses for these individuals.
Coupling Between Hippocampal Parenchymal Fraction and Cortical Grey Matter Atrophy at Different Stages of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Xiao Yaqiong , Liao Liangjun , Huang Kaiyu , Yao Shun , Gao Lei ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

Background: Hippocampal atrophy is a significant brain marker of pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The hippocampal parenchymal fraction (HPF) was recently developed to better assess the hippocampal volumetric integrity, and it has been shown to be a sensitive measure of hippocampal atrophy in AD. Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of hippocampal volumetric integrity as measured by the HPF and the coupling between the HPF and brain atrophy during AD progression. Methods: We included data from 143 cognitively normal (CN), 101 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 125 AD participants. We examined group differences in the HPF, associations between HPF and cognitive ability, and coupling between the HPF and cortical grey matter volume in the CN, MCI, and AD groups. Results: We observed progressive decreases in HPF from CN to MCI and from MCI to AD, and increases in the asymmetry of HPF, with the lowest asymmetry index (AI) in the CN group and the highest AI in the AD group. There was a significant association between HPF and cognitive ability across participants. The coupling between HPF and cortical regions was observed in bilateral hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, temporal, frontal, and occipital regions, thalamus, and amygdala in CN, MCI, and AD groups, with a greater involvement of temporal, occipital, frontal, and subcortical regions in MCI and AD patients, especially in AD patients. Conclusion: This study provides novel evidence for the neuroanatomical basis of cognitive decline and brain atrophy during AD progression, which may have important clinical implications for the prognosis of AD.
SYNTHESIS AND INVESTIGATION OF ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OXIDE Li-CONDUCTIVE MATERIALS WITH SPINEL AND PEROSKITE STRUCTURES
Authors: Mas Hanna , Khomenko Oleksandr , Lisovskyi Ivan , Khomenko Volodymyr , Solopan Sergii , Belous Anatolii 
Published: April 2023

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electronic devices due to their numerous advantages, namely high energy density, high capacity, and long service life. One of the important components of a battery is the anode. In order to ensure high characteristics of LIB, the anode material must have high capacity, high ionic and electronic conductivities, and low cost. However, commonly used anode materials in lithium-ion batteries have a number of disadvantages. For example, a graphite-based anode is characterized by significant changes in volume during intercalation/deintercalation of lithium ions, high energy losses, and rapid deterioration of characteristics at high discharge/charge rates; Li4Ti5O12 have a low theoretical specific capacity, low electronic conductivity and low diffusion rate of lithium ions.
Thus, the search for anode materials with high capacity and capability rate, as well as small volume change during lithium intercalation/deintercalation, remains an urgent task. A promising way may be the use of materials with intercalation pseudocapacitive behavior of charge accumulation, which occurs due to the intercalation of ions in tunnels or layers of active materials without a crystallographic phase transition. LixLa2/3-x/3TiO3 is well known as a superionic conductor with a high ionic conductivity σ ≈ 10–3 S/cm at room temperature. It crystallizes in a perovskite-type structure that consists of a framework of TiO6 octahedra stabilized by La atoms, and has nume­rous vacancies in the unoccupied positions 18d and 6a, that could participate in the stora­ge and motion of Li ions.
Electrochemical characteristics of LixLa2/3-x/3TiO3 (x = 0.35 and 0.5) anode materials with a perovskite structure were investigated and compared with the electrochemical characteristics of Li4Ti5O12 with a layered spinel structure.
CATALYSIS BY PHOSPHORUS AND SILICON COMPOUNDS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF OXYNAPHTOIC ACID ANILIDES
Authors: Shteinberg Leon 
Published: April 2023

Catalysis of the acylation of aniline with 3-­hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic and 1-hydroxy-4-naphthoic acids by phosphorus P(III) and silicon Si(IV) compounds leads to the formation anilides of the corresponding hydroxy­naphthoic acids under mild conditions (ortho-xylene, 146.5–147 °C) in almost quantitative yield.
Among P(III) phosphorus trichloride and tribromide; phosphorous, 1-hydroxyethyli­de­ne-di­phos­phonic, pyrophosphorous and me­ta­phos­phorous acids; trimethyl-, dimethyl- and diethylphosphites; phosph(III)azan proved to be active catalysts; among Si(IV) – tri­chloro-(methyl)silane, dichloro(ethyl)silane, dichloro­(dimethyl)silane, tetrachlorosilane and tet­ra­ethoxysilane are active.
The catalysts were used in an amount of only 2% mole. from hydroxynaphthoic acid, which is 15–35 times less than the conventional use of the same compounds as condensing agents in the synthesis of carboxylic acid arylamides. P(V) compounds, thionyl chloride, and sulfuryl chloride practically do not exhibit catalytic activity. The presence of catalytic activity only in P(III) compounds, capable of forming phosphorous acid in the reaction mass, does not contradict to the previously proposed mechanism of P = O-nucleophilic catalysis for the reaction of substituted benzoic acids with aniline catalyzed by PCl3.
In general, the use of P(III) and Si(IV) compounds as catalysts in the preparation of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxynaphthoic acid anilides successfully complements the range of catalysts, based on Ti(IV) compounds, previously used in the formation of substituted benzoic and naphthoic acid anilides (containing no aromatically bonded hydroxy group), allowing to create a universal method for their synthesis.
Envelope extraction algorithm for magnetic resonance sounding signals based on adaptive local iterative filtering
Authors: Tian Baofeng , Sun Chao , Liu Longchang , Lin Yue-Der , Chiu Chuang-Chien , Duan Haoyu , Luan Hui 
Published: April 2023

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is a geophysical method that can determine groundwater content directly and quantitatively. However, as MRS uses the Earth’s magnetic field as the background field, MRS signals are weak and cannot be shielded. Reliably extracting MRS signals in a strong noise environment is difficult. In this study, a data processing scheme using the adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF) algorithm is proposed to extract MRS signal envelopes accurately. Based on the uncertainty of the initial amplitude and relaxation time, the decomposition order and mask coefficient of the ALIF algorithm are selected via traversal. Simulation results show that in the case of Gaussian noise and power frequency harmonic noise, the ALIF algorithm can reliably extract the MRS signal envelopes, and the correlation coefficient between the extracted and noiseless envelopes is 0.97. Under various noise types, amplitudes, and relaxation times, the average SNR increases by 30 dB∼42 dB. The ALIF algorithm is also suitable for extracting multi-exponential MRS signal envelopes. A comparative analysis between harmonic modeling cancellation and ensemble empirical mode decomposition shows the superiority of the ALIF algorithm, and the processing of the field data further verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm.
Properties and environmental impact of building foundation pit backfilling materials containing iron and steel solid waste
Authors: Zhang Hongze , Qi Yang , Jing Jianlin , Wang Changlong , Zhou Yongxiang , Zhang Kaifan , Zheng Yongchao , Zhai Yuxin , Liu Feng 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of iron and steel solid waste, steel slag (SS), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) were used as raw materials to replace cement to prepare the full solid waste premixed solidified agent (PSA). Then PSA, iron ore tailings (IOTs), and water were mixed to prepare building foundation pit backfilling materials (BFPBM).Methods: Various tests were conducted to investigate the effects of SS fineness, SS content and mixing ratio of PSA on the properties of PFPBM, including mechanical property test, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP). The stability of the BFPBM was tested and the hydration mechanism of the PSA was analyzed.Results: The results show that when the specific surface area (SSA) of SS is 457 m2ˑkg-1, the paste mass concentration (PMC) is 79%, the mixing ratio of PSA is 20%, and the mix proportion of PSA is SS: FGDG: GBFS = 58:10:32. In this case, water-reducing agent (WRA) accounting for 0.18% of the total amount of PSA is added. The 28d compressive strength of BFPBM is greater than 0.40 MPa with the maximum value of 6.22 MPa, and the mixture slump of BFPBM is greater than 215 mm, which meets the index requirements of Chinese National Standard T/CECS 1037-2022 Technical Standard for Backfilling Project by Using Premixed Fluidized Solidified Soil.Discussion: According to the mechanism study, the mineral phases of the PSA after hydration are: C2S, C3S, Ca (OH)2, ettringite (AFT), C-S-H gel, and RO phase. C2S, C3S, CaSO4 and other substances gradually disappeared with the hydration, while the content of AFt and C-S-H gel substances increased. BFPBM prepared from iron and steel waste has high strength and environmental friendliness, making it have good application prospects in foundation pit backfilling and mine filling.
Unraveling the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge across four samples from two different countries
Authors: Edelsbrunner Peter Adriaan , Hofer Sarah Isabelle 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionWhereas it is commonly assumed that in learning science, representational competence is a critical prerequisite for the acquisition of conceptual knowledge, comprehensive psychometric investigations of this assumption are rare. We undertake a step in this direction by re-analyzing the data from a recent study that found a substantial correlation between the two constructs in undergraduates in the context of field representations and electromagnetism.MethodsWe re-analyze the data (N = 515 undergraduate students; Mage = 21.81, SDage = 4.04) to examine whether the relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge, both measured with psychometrically validated test instruments, is similar or varies between four samples from two countries. To this end, we will employ correlational analysis and scatter plots. Employing these methods, we will examine whether a positive relation between representational competence and conceptual knowledge can be found and is of similar magnitude in all samples. We will also employ multiple-group latent profile analysis to examine how the more detailed association between the two constructs varies or is similar across samples. Finally, we will examine how commonalities and differences between samples relate to aspects of learners’ gender, topic-specific learning opportunities, and individual preferences for specific learning content. The aim is to unravel the generalizability of this relation and thereby derive hypotheses for potential moderating factors that can be further examined in future research.
Executive summary: Italian guidelines for diagnosis, risk stratification, and care continuity of fragility fractures 2021
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Biffi Annalisa , Porcu Gloria , Ronco Raffaella , Adami Giovanni , Alvaro Rosaria , Bogini Riccardo , Caputi Achille Patrizio , Cianferotti Luisella , Frediani Bruno , Gatti Davide , Gonnelli Stefano , Iolascon Giovanni , Lenzi Andrea , Leone Salvatore , Michieli Raffaella , Migliaccio Silvia , Nicoletti Tiziana , Paoletta Marco , Pennini Annalisa , Piccirilli Eleonora , Rossini Maurizio , Tarantino Umberto , Brandi Maria Luisa 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundFragility fractures are a major public health concern owing to their worrying and growing burden and their onerous burden upon health systems. There is now a substantial body of evidence that individuals who have already suffered a fragility fracture are at a greater risk for further fractures, thus suggesting the potential for secondary prevention in this field.PurposeThis guideline aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for recognizing, stratifying the risk, treating, and managing patients with fragility fracture. This is a summary version of the full Italian guideline.MethodsThe Italian Fragility Fracture Team appointed by the Italian National Health Institute was employed from January 2020 to February 2021 to (i) identify previously published systematic reviews and guidelines on the field, (ii) formulate relevant clinical questions, (iii) systematically review literature and summarize evidence, (iv) draft the Evidence to Decision Framework, and (v) formulate recommendations.ResultsOverall, 351 original papers were included in our systematic review to answer six clinical questions. Recommendations were categorized into issues concerning (i) frailty recognition as the cause of bone fracture, (ii) (re)fracture risk assessment, for prioritizing interventions, and (iii) treatment and management of patients experiencing fragility fractures. Six recommendations were overall developed, of which one, four, and one were of high, moderate, and low quality, respectively.ConclusionsThe current guidelines provide guidance to support individualized management of patients experiencing non-traumatic bone fracture to benefit from secondary prevention of (re)fracture. Although our recommendations are based on the best available evidence, questionable quality evidence is still available for some relevant clinical questions, so future research has the potential to reduce uncertainty about the effects of intervention and the reasons for doing so at a reasonable cost.
Association of subclass distribution of insulin antibody with glucose control in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Shuang , Chen Heng , Jiang Yin , Zheng Xuqin , Zhang Mei , Yang Tao , Gu Yong 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the distribution and effects of the subclass of insulin antibodies on glucose control and side events in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with premixed insulin analog.MethodsA total of 516 patients treated with premixed insulin analog were sequentially enrolled from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from June 2016 to August 2020. Subclass-specific insulin antibodies (IAs) (IgG1-4, IgA, IgD, IgE, and IgM) were detected in IA-positive patients by electrochemiluminescence. We analyzed glucose control, serum insulin, and insulin-related events between IA-positive and IA-negative groups, as well as among patients with different IA subclasses.ResultsOverall, 98 of 516 subjects (19.0%) were positive for total IAs after premixed insulin analog therapy; of these participants, 92 had subclass IAs, and IgG-IA was the predominant subclass, followed by IgE-IA. IAs were associated with serum total insulin increase and local injection-site reactions but not glycemic control and hypoglycemia. In the subgroup analysis in patients with IA-positive, the IgE-IA and IA subclass numbers were more associated with increased serum total insulin levels. Additionally, IgE-IA might be correlated more strongly with local responses and weakly with hypoglycemia, while IgM-IA might be correlated more strongly with hypoglycemia.ConclusionWe concluded that IAs or IA subclasses might be associated with unfavorable events in patients receiving premixed insulin analog therapy, which can be used as an adjunctive monitoring indicator in clinical insulin trials.
Detailed analysis of the association between urate deposition and bone erosion in gout: a dual-energy computed tomography study
Authors: Zheng Wan-Yi , Zhan Wen-Feng , Wang Jing-Yi , Deng Wei-Ming , Hung Yu-Kai , Wang Wei , Jiang Gui-Hua 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the effect of urate deposition (UD) on bone erosion and examine the association between the volume of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and an improved bone erosion score method, as measured in the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints of patients with gout.Materials and methodsFifty-six patients diagnosed with gout using the 2015 European League Against Rheumatism and American College of Rheumatology criteria were enrolled. MSU crystals volume at each MTP joint was measured using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) images. The degree of bone erosion was evaluated with the modified Sharp/van der Heijde (SvdH) erosion scoring system based on CT images. Differences in clinical features between patients with (UD group) and without (non-UD group) UD were assessed, and the correlation between erosion scores and urate crystal volume was analyzed.ResultsThe UD and non-UD groups comprised 30 and 26 patients, respectively. Among the 560 MTP joints assessed, 80 showed MSU crystal deposition, and 108 showed bone erosion. Bone erosion occurred in both groups but was significantly less severe in the non-UD group (p &lt;0.001). Both groups had equivalent levels of serum uric acid (p=0.200). Symptom duration was significantly longer in the UD group (p=0.009). The UD group also had a higher rate of kidney stones (p=0.023). The volume of MSU crystals was strongly and positively associated with the degree of bone erosion (r=0.714, p &lt;0.001).ConclusionThis study found that patients with UD show significant increased bone erosion than those without UD. The volume of MSU crystals is associated with the improved SvdH erosion score based on CT images, regardless of serum uric acid level, demonstrating the potential of combining DECT and serum uric acid measurements in helping optimize the management of patients with gout.
Ovarian cancer-associated immune exhaustion involves SPP1+ T cell and NKT cell, symbolizing more malignant progression
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Hou Hongyi , Zhang Yanan , Ao Miao , Luo Haixia , Li Bin 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is highly heterogeneous and has a poor prognosis. A better understanding of OC biology could provide more effective therapeutic paradigms for different OC subtypes.MethodsTo reveal the heterogeneity of T cell-associated subclusters in OC, we performed an in-depth analysis of single-cell transcriptional profiles and clinical information of patients with OC. Then, the above analysis results were verified by qPCR and flow cytometry examine.ResultsAfter screening by threshold, a total of 85,699 cells in 16 ovarian cancer tissue samples were clustered into 25 major cell groups. By performing further clustering of T cell-associated clusters, we annotated a total of 14 T cell subclusters. Then, four distinct single-cell landscapes of exhausted T (Tex) cells were screened, and SPP1 + Tex significantly correlated with NKT cell strength. A large amount of RNA sequencing expression data combining the CIBERSORTx tool were labeled with cell types from our single-cell data. Calculating the relative abundance of cell types revealed that a greater proportion of SPP1 + Tex cells was associated with poor prognosis in a cohort of 371 patients with OC. In addition, we showed that the poor prognosis of patients in the high SPP1 + Tex expression group might be related to the suppression of immune checkpoints. Finally, we verified in vitro that SPP1 expression was significantly higher in ovarian cancer cells than in normal ovarian cells. By flow cytometry, knockdown of SPP1 in ovarian cancer cells could promote tumorigenic apoptosis.ConclusionThis is the first study to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity and clinical significance of Tex cells in OC, which will contribute to the development of more precise and effective therapies.