bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative whole genome analysis reveals re-emergence of human Wa-like and DS-1-like G3 rotaviruses after Rotarix vaccine introduction in Malawi
Authors: Mhango Chimwemwe , Banda Akuzike , Chinyama End , Mandolo Jonathan J , Kumwenda Orpha , Malamba-Banda Chikondi , Barnes Kayla G , Kumwenda Benjamin , Jambo Kondwani C , Donato Celeste M , Esona Mathew D , Mwangi Peter N , Steele A Duncan , Iturriza-Gomara Miren , Cunliffe Nigel A , Ndze Valentine N , Kamng’ona Arox W , Dennis Francis E , Nyaga Martin M , Chaguza Chrispin , Jere Khuzwayo C 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
G3 rotaviruses rank among the most common rotavirus strains worldwide in humans and animals. However, despite a robust long-term rotavirus surveillance system from 1997 at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, these strains were only detected from 1997 to 1999 and then disappeared and re-emerged in 2017, 5 years after the introduction of the Rotarix rotavirus vaccine. Here, we analysed representative twenty-seven whole genome sequences (G3P[4], n = 20; G3P[6], n = 1; and G3P[8], n = 6) randomly selected each month between November 2017 and August 2019 to understand how G3 strains re-emerged in Malawi. We found four genotype constellations that were associated with the emergent G3 strains and co-circulated in Malawi post-Rotarix vaccine introduction: G3P[4] and G3P[6] strains with the DS-1-like genetic backbone genes (G3-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 and G3-P[6]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2), G3P[8] strains with the Wa-like genetic backbone genes (G3-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1), and reassortant G3P[4] strains consisting of the DS-1-like genetic backbone genes and a Wa-like NSP2 (N1) gene (G3-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N1-T2-E2-H2). Time-resolved phylogenetic trees demonstrated that the most recent common ancestor for each ribonucleic acid (RNA) segment of the emergent G3 strains was between 1996 and 2012, possibly through introductions from outside the country due to the limited genetic similarity with G3 strains which circulated before their disappearance in the late 1990s. Further genomic analysis revealed that the reassortant DS-1-like G3P[4] strains acquired a Wa-like NSP2 genome segment (N1 genotype) through intergenogroup reassortment; an artiodactyl-like VP3 through intergenogroup interspecies reassortment; and VP6, NSP1, and NSP4 segments through intragenogroup reassortment likely before importation into Malawi. Additionally, the emergent G3 strains contain amino acid substitutions within the antigenic regions of the VP4 proteins which could potentially impact the binding of rotavirus vaccine–induced antibodies. Altogether, our findings show that multiple strains with either Wa-like or DS-1-like genotype constellations have driven the re-emergence of G3 strains. The findings also highlight the role of human mobility and genome reassortment events in the cross-border dissemination and evolution of rotavirus strains in Malawi necessitating the need for long-term genomic surveillance of rotavirus in high disease–burden settings to inform disease prevention and control.
Cultured Skin Autograft in Subtotal Pediatric Scalp Avulsion
Authors: Powell Michael S. , Osborn Tamara , Mehta Sagar T. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Pediatric scalp avulsions represent a reconstructive challenge because of the unique features of scalp tissue. When microsurgical reimplantation is not feasible, alternative approaches such as skin grafting, free flap transfer with latissimus flap, or tissue expansion are considered. Generally, there is no consensus regarding management of this trauma, and, oftentimes, multiple reconstructive techniques may be needed for definitive coverage. This case study describes the reconstruction of a pediatric subtotal scalp avulsion using a dermal regeneration template and novel autologous homologous skin construct. This case was complicated by the absence of original tissue for reimplantation, excessive size of the defect relative to body habitus, and family concerns for future hair-bearing function. The reconstruction successfully provided definitive coverage and significantly reduced the size of the donor site and associated compilations. However, the hair-bearing potential of the tissue has yet to be determined.
Physical Activity in Youth with Down Syndrome and Its Relationship with Adiposity
Authors: Xanthopoulos Melissa S. , Walega Rachel , Xiao Rui , Pipan Mary E. , Cochrane Claire I. , Zemel Babette S. , Kelly Andrea , Magge Sheela N. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT:

Purpose:
The aims of this study are to (1) compare physical activity (PA) and sedentary activity (SA) in youth with and without Down syndrome (DS and non-DS) and examine the relationships of PA and SA with their traditional risk factors (age, sex, race, and body mass index Z score [BMI-Z]) and (2) explore the relationship of PA with visceral fat (VFAT) in both groups.

Methods:
SenseWear accelerometry data from at least 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day were collected from youth with DS (N = 77) and non-DS (N = 57) youth. VFAT was measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry.

Results:
In age-, sex-, race-, and BMI-Z–adjusted models, those with DS engaged in more minutes of light PA (LPA) (p < 0.0001) and less SA (p = 0.003) and trended toward fewer minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) (p = 0.08) than non-DS youth. No race or sex differences in MVPA were detected in those with DS, unlike non-DS. After additional adjustment for pubertal status, the relationship between MVPA and VFAT approached significance (p = 0.06), whereas the relationships of LPA and SA with VFAT were maintained (p ≤ 0.0001 for both).

Conclusion:
Youth with DS engage in more LPA compared with non-DS, which, in typically developing populations, can confer a more favorable weight status. Increasing the opportunity for youth with DS to engage in LPA as part of their activities of daily living may offer a viable strategy for achieving healthy weight when barriers restrict pursuit of more vigorous PA.
2022 Prentice Award Lecture: Advancing Retinal Imaging and Visual Function in Patient Management and Disease Mechanisms
Authors: Elsner Ann E. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Significance
Patient-based research plays a key role in probing basic visual mechanisms. Less-well recognized is the role of patient-based retinal imaging and visual function studies in elucidating disease mechanisms, which are accelerated by advances in imaging and function techniques, and are most powerful when combined with the results from histology and animal models.
Improving Adherence to Evidence-based Practice for Uncomplicated UTI in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Kline Jaclyn N , Powell Lauren N , Albert Jonathan D , Bishara Amy C , Heffren Joshua C , Badolato Gia M , Berkowitz Deena D 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) are among the more common pediatric bacterial infections. Despite their prevalence, significant variability exists in the treatment duration and antibiotic selection for uUTI. Our first aim was to improve adherence to a three-day course of antibiotic treatment for uUTI in children over 24 months old. Our second aim was to increase the selection of cephalexin in this population.

Methods:
We conducted a single-center quality improvement study from March 2021 to March 2022. One thousand four hundred thirty-five patients were included across our baseline and intervention periods. We created an order set with embedded discharge prescriptions and followed this with education and provider feedback. The outcome measures for this study were percent of children receiving 3 days of antibiotic treatment and percent of children prescribed cephalexin. In addition, we tracked order set use as a process measure, and 7-day emergency department revisit as a balancing measure.

Results:
Rates of 3-day prescriptions for uUTI demonstrated special cause variation with an increase from 3% to 44%. Prescription rates of cephalexin for uUTI demonstrated special cause variation with an increase from 49% to 74%. The process measure of order set use improved from 0% to 49% after implementation. No change occurred in 7-day emergency department revisits.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated improved use of shorter course therapy for uUTI with a first-generation cephalosporin throughout this project without adverse events. We leveraged an order set with embedded discharge prescriptions to achieve our goals.
The Impact of Medication Synchronization on Proportion of Days Covered within the Pediatric Setting
Authors: Maletic Brooke E. , Swick Alex , Murray Leanne , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Braughton Ashley , Petkus Kayla 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Poor adherence to medication regimens accounts for the substantial worsening of disease, death, and increased healthcare costs of approximately $100 billion annually in the United States. Patients participating in medication synchronization had 3.4 to 6.1 times increased odds of adherence, depending on the drug class. Abundant literature supports medication synchronization within the adult population. This IRB-exempt, prospective quality improvement project is an example of implementing and assessing medication synchronization inclusive of the pediatric setting.

Methods:
This study is a single-center, prospective, quality improvement project for patients seen at Nationwide Children’s Hospital (NCH) Complex Care Clinic that also fill prescriptions at NCH Outpatient Pharmacies. The project assessed patient medication adherence using the Proportion of Days Covered and the number of trips to the pharmacy 90 days before and 90 days postimplementation. We also assessed patient and pharmacy staff satisfaction 3 months after project implementation.

Results:
There was a statistically significant increase in the number of days covered for patients 90 days postimplementation compared to 90 days before implementation (Difference: 3.60; 95% confidence interval: 1.87, 5.33; P = 0.001). Additionally, there was a statistically significant decrease in pharmacy trips pre- and postimplementation (Difference: 2.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.26, 3.07; P < 0.001). Overall, pharmacy staff and patients reported satisfaction with the service.

Conclusions:
Implementing a medication synchronization service improved medication adherence and decreased trips to the pharmacy within the pediatric population.
Pedobacter montanisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil
Authors: You Yelim , Woo Chae Yung , Kim Jaisoo 
Published: May 2023

A white-pigmented, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, designated CYS-01T, was obtained from soil sampled at Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, grew optimally at 28 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CYS-01T formed a lineage within the family

Sphingobacteriaceae

and clustered with members of the genus

Pedobacter

. The closest relatives were

Pedobacter xixiisoli

CGMCC 1.12803T (95.70 % sequence similarity),

Pedobacter ureilyticus

THG-T11T (95.35 %),

Pedobacter helvus

P-25T (95.28 %),

Pedobacter chitinilyticus

CM134L-2T (94.94 %),

Pedobacter nanyangensis

Q-4T (94.73 %) and

Pedobacter zeaxanthinifaciens

TDMA-5T (94.07 %). The principal respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, unidentified lipids and an unidentified glycolipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c and/or C16 : 1
ω6c) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol%. Based on the results of genomic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain CYS-01T represents novel species in the genus

Pedobacter

, for which the name Pedobacter montanisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CYS-01T (=KACC 22655T=NBRC 115630T).
Prevalence of Soil Transmitted Helminths Among School Children in Aliade, Gwer- East Local Government Area, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Yaji Dorcas Asoo , Terzungwe Agba Jerome , Onah Isegbe Emmanuel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesSoil-transmitted helminthes (STHs) refer to the intestinal worms infecting humans that are transmitted through contaminated soil. STH is endemic in Nigeria. This study determined the prevalence among school aged children in Aliade, Gwer-East Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria.SettingThe study was carried out among pupils aged 5-20 years from four schools in the Government Area.ParticipantsStool samples were collected from 342 pupils, 196(57.3%) male and 146(42.7%) female and examined for helminth eggs using Direct wet mount method and Formol Ether Concentration technique. Chi square was used to compare the relationship between variables.ResultsOverall prevalence of 96(28.1%) was recorded. Prevalence among male 55(28.1%) and female 41(28.1%) indicated no statistical significance(P=0.997). Eggs of three helminthes,Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworm, andTrichuris trichiurawere observed with prevalence of 18.1%, 9.1% and 1.8% respectively. Prevalence ofA. lumbricoidesamong the male pupils (21.9%) was significantly different compared to prevalence among the female (13.0%) (P=0.034). while Hookworm exhibited higher prevalence among female (31.7%) than male (5.6%), this difference was statistically significant. Age group 9-12years had the highest overall prevalence of 32.1% closely followed by group 5-8years (29.4%), while least prevalence of 10.9% was observed in group13-16 years. There was a significant difference in prevalence by age among the pupils (P= 0.036). Playing in soil and eating of unwashed fruits were found to have a relationship with STHs infection among the children. The two factors have a statistically significant difference(P ≤0.05).ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in Aliade, Gwer-East L.G.A is moderate (28.1%). Community health education and good sanitary and hygienic practices are essential in preventing soil-transmitted helminthiasis.
Analysis of regulatory network modules in hundreds of human stem cell lines reveals complex epigenetic and genetic factors contribute to pluripotency state differences between subpopulations
Authors: Arthur Timothy D. , Nguyen Jennifer P. , D’Antonio-Chronowska Agnieszka , Matsui Hiroko , Silva Nayara S. , Joshua Isaac N. ,   iPSCORE Consortium, Luchessi André D. , Young Greenwald William W. , D’Antonio Matteo , Pera Martin F. , Frazer Kelly A. 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYStem cells existin vitroin a spectrum of interconvertible pluripotent states. Analyzing hundreds of hiPSCs derived from different individuals, we show the proportions of these pluripotent states vary considerably across lines. We discovered 13 gene network modules (GNMs) and 13 regulatory network modules (RNMs), which were highly correlated with each other suggesting that the coordinated co-accessibility of regulatory elements in the RNMs likely underlied the coordinated expression of genes in the GNMs. Epigenetic analyses revealed that regulatory networks underlying self-renewal and pluripotency have a surprising level of complexity. Genetic analyses identified thousands of regulatory variants that overlapped predicted transcription factor binding sites and were associated with chromatin accessibility in the hiPSCs. We show that the master regulator of pluripotency, the NANOG-OCT4 Complex, and its associated network were significantly enriched for regulatory variants with large effects, suggesting that they may play a role in the varying cellular proportions of pluripotency states between hiPSCs. Our work captures the coordinated activity of tens of thousands of regulatory elements in hiPSCs and bins these elements into discrete functionally characterized regulatory networks, shows that regulatory elements in pluripotency networks harbor variants with large effects, and provides a rich resource for future pluripotent stem cell research.
C-terminal cysteines of HRas control Erk signaling and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2(15d-PGJ2) mediated inhibition of myoblast differentiation
Authors: Pundlik Swarang Sachin , Sahoo Snehasudha Subhadarshini , Barik Alok , Jaysingh Mahapatra Anshuman , Venkateshvaran Ashwin , Math Raviswamy G H , Ramanathan Arvind 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHRas is an important node that controls cellular signaling, proliferation, and differentiation. Mutants of HRas (e.g., the constitutively active HRas V12) can be oncogenic, and can also inhibit myoblast differentiation. The C-terminal cysteines of HRas (Cys181 and Cys184) serve as substrates for intra-cellular reversible palmitoylation and de-palmitoylation reactions, which control its subcellular distribution. The relationship between the C-terminal cysteines of HRas, its intracellular distribution, and its cellular activity has remained unclear. Understanding this relationship has important implications for targeting HRas in pathogenic states where it is activated. In this study, we show that a mutation in the C-terminal of HRas, C181S, is sufficient to cause increased levels of HRas V12 in the Golgi, decreased HRas V12-driven Akt and Erk signaling and reverse the ability of HRas V12 to inhibit myoblast differentiation. This demonstrates the importance of C-terminal cysteines in controlling HRas V12. It has been previously shown that Cys184 can also be irreversibly modified by an electrophilic prostaglandin lipid 15d-PGJ2. This lipid is released by senescent cells as a part of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this study, we show that 15d-PGJ2is secreted by senescent myoblasts formed by treatment with Doxorubicin. We also show that 15d-PGJ2causes decreased levels of HRas within Golgi, activates Erk signaling (but not Akt signaling), and inhibits differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts in an HRas Cys184-dependent fashion. Chemotherapeutics such as Doxorubicin drive senescence and loss of skeletal muscle homeostasis in cancer patients. This study suggests that targeting the senescence-derived synthesis of 15-PGJ2might be a target to promote muscle homeostasis after chemotherapy.
Evolving as an entrepreneur: a life story approach to studying Indian women entrepreneurs
Authors: Khattar Vrinda , Agarwal Upasna A. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to understand how women develop entrepreneurship as a career identity through women's various life stages. Using a life story approach, the authors study the formation of Indian businesswomen's entrepreneurial identity in businesswomen's unique socio-cultural context.Design/methodology/approachThe study drew upon 15 semi-structured interviews with practicing women entrepreneurs using a qualitative methodology. Gioia methodology was used to systematically analyze the data for theory building.FindingsThe narratives of the Indian women entrepreneurs indicate that Indian women's entrepreneurial identity was a developmental process influenced by various episodes in different life stages-childhood, adolescence, marriage and motherhood. Life episodes influenced the creation and enactment of this entrepreneurial identity, which led to the emergence of entrepreneurship as a career choice.Research limitations/implicationsThe study's retrospective design may have raised concerns involving memory recall. The open-ended questions gave the participants the freedom to recount the life episodes that influenced the participants the most and may have partly mitigated this concern.Originality/valuePrior studies have focused on specific life stages of women entrepreneurs, without taking a holistic life-story view, thereby missing out on how career identity is formed as a result of life episodes. Using the developmental psychology approach, the authors provide a nuanced and holistic lens to understanding women's entrepreneurship.
A real options-based investment-income valuation model for old community renewal projects in China
Authors: Li Dezhi , Yu Lugang , Huang Guanying , Zhou Shenghua , Feng Haibo , Wang Yanqing 
Published: May 2023

PurposeTo propose a new investment-income valuation model by real options approach (ROA) for old community renewal (OCR) projects, which could help the government attract private capital's participation.Design/methodology/approachThe new model is proposed by identifying the types of options private capital has in the OCR project, selecting the option model most suitable for private capital investment decisions, improving the valuation model through the triangular fuzzy numbers to take into account the uncertainty and flexibility, and demonstrating the feasibility of the calculation model through an actual OCR project case.FindingsThe new model can valuate OCR projects more accurately based on considering uncertainty and flexibility, compared with conventional methods that often underestimate the value of OCR projects.Practical implicationsThe investment-income of OCR projects shall be re-valuated from the lens of real options, which could help reveal more real benefits beyond the capital growth of OCR projects, enable the government to attract private capital's investment in OCR, and alleviate government fiscal pressure.Originality/valueThe proposed OCR-oriented investment-income valuation model systematically analyzes the applicability of real option value (ROV) to OCR projects, innovatively integrates the ROV and the net present value (NPV) as expanded net present value (ENPV), and accurately evaluate real benefits in comparison with existing models. Furthermore, the newly proposed model holds the potential to be transferred to various social welfare projects as a tool to attract private capital's participation.
National Institute of Development Management – striking a balance between mission and money
Authors: Modi Pratik , Pandey Satyendra C. , Rishi Bikramjit 
Published: May 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this study are as follows:
▪ to bring the appreciation of the complexities involved in managing a mission-driven not-for-profit (NPO) institution;
▪ to highlight the pressures and tensions felt by a mission-driven not-for-profit organization from various stakeholders; and
▪ to appreciate the managerial challenge involved in making a not-for-profit organization financially sustainable while meeting its mission objectives.

Case overview/synopsis
The National Institute of Development Management (NIDM), established in 1980 by a group of development professionals, was a mission-driven high-performing knowledge institution focused on professionalizing the management of people’s institutions. From one long-term academic program in 1980 to three in 2019, NIDM came a long way in its journey. For the first five years, the institute offered a stipend to its students in the PGDM-DM program and placed them in village-based organizations. The next 15 years saw a general shift in attention toward the development sector, and NIDM started placing its students in other organizations beyond village-based development organizations. NIDM supported all its activities through funds generated on its own from program fees charged to the students, consulting and training activities. Prof. Sengupta, the Director, faced multiple challenges. He needed to decide what action he could take to keep the 40-year-old institution financially sustainable while remaining committed to the mission of its founders.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in courses such a Managing Not-for-Profit Organizations and Management of Dual-Purpose Organizations. The case can be taught to the students of management, development management or agribusiness management programs. This case is also suitable for the faculty development programs participants to bring about the appreciation of managing an institution of higher education. The case requires about 70–90 min of class discussion time.

Supplementary material
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.