bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluation of the 1836 “Hayward fault” and the 1838 San Andreas fault earthquakes
Authors: Toppozada Tousson R. , Borchardt Glenn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCurrent seismic hazard models include two major earthquakes (M ∼ 7) in the San Francisco Bay area that are close in space and time: an 1836 event on the northern Hayward fault and an 1838 event on the peninsula section of the San Andreas fault. Analysis and interpretation of the available historical accounts indicate that the 1836 event occurred east of Monterey Bay, far from the Hayward fault, and was of M ∼ 6¼. Also, the 1838 event was not confined to the 60-km peninsula San Andreas as current models indicate. Instead, faulting probably extended from San Francisco to San Juan Bautista (∼ 140 km), indicating a significantly larger earthquake (M ∼ 7½) than previously thought.Damaging effects of the 1836 earthquake were reported only from Santa Clara to Carmel, and no contemporary effects were reported to the north of Santa Clara or near the Hayward fault. The illusion of an “1836 Hayward earthquake” evolved from a newspaper reminiscence published following the 1868 Hayward earthquake, stating that the 1868 effects in the East Bay were similar to those of an 1836 event. The article describes various strong effects in the East Bay that differ completely from the effects recorded for the 1836 earthquake but are very similar to those documented for the major 1838 San Andreas earthquake that caused extensive damage on both sides of San Francisco Bay. Based on this and other evidence, we conclude that the reminiscence describes the destructive June 1838 effects, but it erroneously indicates the date as June 1836. There is no evidence for any major historical earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay area before the 1838 earthquake, back to the founding of Mission San Francisco Dolores in 1776.During the 1838 San Andreas fault earthquake, the shaking intensity in Monterey was as strong as or stronger than during the great 1906 San Andreas fault earthquake. This suggests that the 1838 San Andreas fault rupture may have extended to San Juan Bautista as it did in 1906. Numerous probable aftershocks were felt in the area south of San Juan Bautista. These damaged Carmel and Santa Cruz in 1840, and Alisal, 16 km west of the San Andreas fault, in 1841. The northern end of the 1838 faulting was previously assumed to be 25 km south of San Francisco. However, Mission San Francisco Dolores was damaged in 1838 but not in 1906, suggesting that the 1838 faulting extended to San Francisco. Also, the 1838 aftershocks were felt in Oakland as frequently and violently as those following the major 1868 Hayward earthquake, suggesting that the 1838 faulting on the San Andreas extended to the latitude of Oakland.The 1838 fault segment ruptured again 68 years later as part of the overlapping 1906 San Andreas fault rupture. This, and similar evidence from southern California, indicates that M ∼ 7½ San Andreas fault earthquakes can recur at intervals of 68 years or less when they are followed by M ∼ 8 earthquakes on overlapping segments of the fault.
Seismicity and stresses in the Brazilian passive margin
Authors: Assumpção Marcelo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSeismicity and stresses along the Brazilian continental margin show different patterns between the northeastern and southeastern regions. In the northeastern margin, earthquakes tend to occur onshore under a strike-slip regime with horizontal compression parallel to the northern coast line. In the southeastern margin, higher seismicity is observed offshore, in areas where the continental crust was highly extended during the South Atlantic rifting in the Mesozoic. Three new events in the southeast continental shelf are shown to have reverse-faulting mechanisms, from waveform modeling of short-period teleseismic P waves. Multiple depth phases (reflections from the top and bottom of the water layer and double reflections in the water layer) could be identified and better constrained the hypocenters to middle and upper crustal depths. In South America, models of intraplate stresses caused by plate boundary forces and spreading effects due to the continental/oceanic crustal transition indicate higher compressional stresses in the SE offshore area, as compared with the continental area, in agreement with the observed higher seismicity and reverse-faulting mechanisms. The combination of regional stresses, local flexural effects from thick sedimentary loads, and a presumably weaker crust from Mesozoic thinning explains the main patterns of seismicity in the northeastern and southeastern Brazilian margins.
Estimates of regional and local strong motions during the great 1923 Kanto, Japan, earthquake (Ms8.2). Part 1: Source estimation of a calibration event and modeling of wave propagation paths
Authors: Sato Toshiaki , Helmberger Donald V. , Somerville Paul G. , Graves Robert W. , Saikia Chandan K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis article is the first of a pair of articles that estimate regional and local strong motions from the 1923 Kanto, Japan, earthquake. This Ms 8.2 earthquake caused the most devastating damage in the metropolitan area in Tokyo history. In this article, we first calibrate wave propagation path effects with a moderate-sized modern event. This event, the Odawara earthquake of 5 August 1990 (M 5.1), is the first earthquake larger than M 5 in the last 60 years near the hypocenter of the 1923 Kanto earthquake. We estimate the source parameters based on a grid-search technique using body-waveform data bandpass filtered from 1 to 10 sec at four local stations, because accurate source parameters are critical for calibrating the propagation effects. We find that the Odawara earthquake had a depth of 15.3 km, a dip of 35°, a rake of 40°, a strike of 215°, a seismic moment of 3.3 × 1023 dyne-cm, a source duration of 0.65 sec, and a stress drop of 170 bars.Next, we investigate the effects of the propagation paths to the local and regional stations where seismograms of the 1923 Kanto earthquake were recorded, by comparing recorded waveforms with synthetic seismograms built with the calibration event. Path-specific flat-layered velocity models are estimated along travel paths from the event to stations Hongo (epicentral distance R = 82 km) in Tokyo, Gifu (R = 213 km), and Sendai (R = 374 km) using forward modeling. In constructing the velocity model for the Gifu station, we use STS-1 broadband seismograms recorded at the nearby Inuyama station. Consequently, at periods greater than 3 sec, the velocity models for stations Hongo and Gifu can successfully reproduce both body waves and direct surface waves, and the velocity model for Sendai station can explain the predominant direct surface waves. In the companion article (Sato et al., 1998), these velocity models are used to examine the adequecy of the variable-slip rupture models of the 1923 Kanto earthquake (Wald and Somerville, 1995; Takeo and Kanamori, 1992) to explain recorded seismograms and also to simulate strong motions from that event.
Surface rupture associated with a 5.3-mbearthquake: The 5 April 1986 Cuzco earthquake and kinematics of the Chincheros-Quoricocha faults of the High Andes, Peru
Authors: Cabrera Justo , Sébrier Michel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe shallow, mb = 5.3, 1986 earthquake that affected the Cuzco region reactivated the 18-km-long Chincheros-Qoricocha faults in the central part of the Cuzco fault system. Although the event has a moderate magnitude, clear surface ruptures were observed to total 3 km in length, with maximum 10-cm normal displacements. Fault kinematics related to the earthquake, analyzed where the Qoricocha fault had a maximum surface fault displacement, is in agreement with roughly N-S extension. The normal fault mechanism proposed for this earthquake is compatible with the surface kinematic analysis. Seismic activity prior to the 1986 earthquake is deduced from analysis of Holocene scarps. Trench exposures give evidence for at least three fault displacements, suggesting an average recurrence interval of the order of a few thousand years for surface-rupturing seismic events. These fault reactivations, with vertical displacement ranging from 0.6 to 2 m, were related to seismic events of Mw magnitude probably ranging from 5.8 to 6.9. Structural analyses of Holocene faults indicate that the Chincheros-Qoricocha fault activity was related to roughly N-S-trending extension, characterized by a horizontal N-S-trending σ3 axis and a vertical σ1 axis. The N-S extensional tectonics that controlled the Holocene and 1986 Chincheros-Qoricocha fault activity are the typical deformational pattern of the Peruvian High Andes and seem to be in agreement with compensated high topography.
Czy istnieje prawo energetyczne? Część 2: cele, prawne środki i początki rozwoju prawa energetycznego
Authors: Kosiński Eryk 
Published: December 2022

W 2023 roku minie 30 lat od głośnej dyskusji na temat statusu prawa gospodarczego (przede wszystkim publicznego prawa gospodarczego) jako nowej gałęzi prawa. Dyskusja ta odbyła się na łamach numeru 1 „Ruchu Prawniczego, Ekonomicznego i Socjologicznego” z 1993 roku. W niniejszym artykule autor podejmuje się próby odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy prawo energetyczne istnieje jako wyodrębniona dziedzina oraz gałąź prawa. Wydaje się bowiem, że dyskusja sprzed lat, dotycząca publicznego prawa gospodarczego, ma pełne zastosowanie do aktualnego zagadnienia samodzielności prawa energetycznego jako gałęzi prawa i dziedziny badawczej. Analiza przedmiotu regulacji prawa energetycznego, szczególnych podmiotów — adresatów tej regulacji prawnej, metody regulacji oraz jej konkretnych celów (aksjologia regulacji) prowadzi do wniosku, że postawiona teza jest prawdziwa.
W pracy przedstawiona została ponadto geneza i rozwój prawa energetycznego, począwszy od XIX wieku. Autor dokonuje też przeglądu światowych podręczników z przedmiotowego obszaru, których liczba jest znacząca (zasadniczo są to pozycje anglojęzyczne). Zaprezentowane zostają tu szczególne cele (w tym wartości) prawa energetycznego, środki prawne (instrumenty) regulacji oraz analiza historyczna genezy i początkowego rozwoju prawa energetycznego. Zamieszczone na końcu artykułu wnioski obejmują całość rozważań zawartych w częściach 1 i 2 opracowania.
Wszystkie przytoczone analizy oraz argumenty przemawiają za wnioskiem o uznanie prawa energetycznego nie tylko za nową dziedzinę badawczą i dydaktyczną, lecz także za nową gałąź prawa.
An Error Analysis Student’s Writing Descriptive Text At Junior High School
Authors: Irwandi Virny Melisa , Santoso Dian Rachma 
Published: December 2022

Error analysis is one of method to help the teacher in teaching and learning languange , not only in English but in other languagesince the teacher will observe the reason or context why the mistakes are made by the students especially in writing. This error happened when the learners cannot correct themselves.Based on the experience of the writer, not every student at SMP PGRI 10 Candi write the text correctly, because some student in SMP PGRI 10 Candi translate Bahasa to English directly. This is mean that students are influenced by Bahasa patterns in writing. So, the writer wants to help the students at SMP PGRI 10 Candi write descriptive text better and appropriate with the generic structure. The aim of this study is to find out the types of error analysis by Dulay Theory and the dominant type of Surface Strategy Taxonomy in descriptive text that the student wrote. The types of error based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy are (1) Omission (2) Addition (3) Misformation (4) Misordeing. This study used qualitative research through content analysis method. This data was classified based on several criteria. From this study the researcher conlcluded that the dominant types of errors analysis is in misformation
Teaching French at Higher Education and Curriculumn Issues
Authors: Ortikovna Sattorova Marifat 
Published: December 2022

This article aims to evaluate the effects resulted from the implementation of a new curriculum for the teaching of French as a foreign language (FFL) at undergraduate level. Since majority of students found foreign language coursebooks (FLCs) not motivating, a curriculum that aims to develop language competences by excluding FLCs was designed. The theoretical framework of the curriculum is based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, on the Bologna Process and on the National Qualifications Framework for Higher Education. The designed curriculum may be used in different institutions if altered in line with learners’ needs.
Leasing Procedure of Fixed Assets in Budget Organizations and their Expenditure
Authors: Ganiyev Shakhriddin Vohidovich  
Published: December 2022

Accounting for transactions related to the receipt and expenditure of rental income to budget organizations is one of the most pressing issues today. In this article we discuss what the leasing of fixed assets is and some peculiarities of these assets in budget organizations. We also describe what a lease agreement is and what are stated in this type of an agreement.
Communicative Approach to Teaching a Foreign Language
Authors: Nigmatova Dilsoz Yadgarovna  
Published: December 2022

This article is dedicated to the effectiveness of the introduction of various methods and techniques based on the content for the development of students' language skills in practice. Modern methodology requires foreign language teachers to implement all language skills in one lesson. The ability to speak, listen and understand authentic material in English, as well as reading and writing skills should be taught in an integrated form; once available, it can be a difficult process for the teacher and students. But with the help of various innovative, interactive methods, technologies, this task can be done. In addition, the creativity of students is very important for language learning.
The Role of Village Government Facilitators in Tourism Object
Authors: Erdianto Tria Ilham , Usrotin Choiriyah Ilmi 
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze and describe the role of the Village Government in the management of Coban Binangun tourism objects in Plintahan Village, Pandaan District, Pasuruan Regency. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using purposive sampling informant determination technique. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Analysis Interactive Model from Miles and Huberman which consists of four components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The Village Government plays a good role in providing facilities to all parties (Pokdarwis and the Community) in mutual cooperation activities to improve the infrastructure needed for Coban Binangun such as parking lots for motorbikes, toilets and for the benefit of tourists who come to visit Coban Binangun tourism objects, the Village Government only providing facilities in the form of funds only, there is no provision of facilities such as guidance and training on tourism, both its development and management for Pokdarwis and the Plintahan Village Community. The village government also invites the community and all related parties to participate in cooperation in the management of the Coban Binangun tourism object, but so far there has been no private party or private investor who has participated in the management of this tourism object
Green bionanocomposites based on polyhydroxybutyrate and filled with cellulose nanocrystals: melting processing and characterization
Authors: Schmidt Anja , Bittmann-Hennes Birgit , Montero Belén , Wetzel Bernd , Barral Luis 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This article contributes to the understanding of biobased and biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) bionanocomposites reinforced by weight contents of 1 wt% and 3 wt% of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), which are derived from waste streams of the paper industry. Samples were melt processed by pre-industrial methods such as extrusion and injection molding. Thereby, already existing ultrasonic treatment was used for dispersing the CNC. Subsequently, the CNC dispersion analysis was completed by transmission electron microscopy. Their thermal properties and their crystallization behavior were studied by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning analysis, X-ray diffraction and polarized optical microscopy. Investigations on the bending properties were carried out in conjunction with the analysis of their dynamic mechanical behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the fracture surface. All these analyses give a deep insight into their structure-property relationship. The applicability of the processed bionanocomposites in the packaging industry was investigated by analysing their moisture absorption measurements and their gas barrier properties, which provided an insight into their behavior under environmental conditions. PHB bionanocomposites with a low content of 1 wt% CNC were found to have the best dispersion quality, which had a positive effect on almost all mechanical and thermal properties. The incorporation of crystalline nanocellulose leads to a significant increase in crystallinity, which contributes to an improvement in mechanical properties. In addition, the bionanocomposites show a slightly lower tendency to absorb moisture and better barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor. The findings show that these bionanocomposites are suitable for use in the packaging industry.
Mechanical thrombectomy combined with Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analyses
Authors: Zheng Meiling , Li Li , Chen Lizhou , Li Bin , Feng Cuiling 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the clinical value of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) combined with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by comparing it with the direct MT (dMT).
Method
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis involving studies from four databases including PubMed, Embase, WOS, and Cochrane Library. We collected observational studies and randomized controlled studies (RCTs) published from January 2011 to June 2022, providing data about outcomes in terms of functional independence (FI), excellent outcomes (mRS score:0-1), successful recanalization (SR), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), any intracerebral hemorrhage (aICH), and mortality at three-month or discharge.
Results
A total of 55 eligible studies (nine RCTs and 46 observational studies) were included. For RCTs, the MT+IVT group was superior in FI (OR:1.27, 95%CI:1.11-1.46), excellent outcomes (OR:1.21, 95%CI:1.03-1.43), SR (OR:1.23, 95%CI:1.05-1.45), mortality (OR:0.72, 95%CI: 0.54-0.97) in crude analyses. In adjusted analyses, the MT+IVT group reduced the risk of mortality (OR:0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.88). For observational studies, the results of FI (OR:1.34, 95%CI:1.16-1.33), excellent outcomes (OR:1.30, 95%CI:1.09-1.54), SR (OR:1.23, 95%CI:1.05-1.44), mortality (OR:0.70, 95%CI:0.64-0.77) in the MT+IVT group were better. Additionally, the MT+IVT group increased the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) including sICH (OR:1.16, 95%CI:1.11-1.21) and aICH (OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.05-1.46) in crude analyses. In crude analyses, significant better outcomes were seen in the MT+IVT group on FI (OR:1.36, 95%CI:1.21-1.52), excellent outcomes (OR:1.49, 95%CI:1.26-1.75), and mortality (OR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.56-0.94).
Conclusions
The MT+IVT therapy did improve the prognosis for AIS patients and did not increase the risk of HT compared with dMT therapy.
Risk factor analysis of the accuracy and safety of planned and actual screw paths with robot-assisted technology
Authors: Yi Meng , Song Jipeng , Zhang Yao , Lin Wancheng , Yao Mingtao , Fan Yuyu , Ding Lixiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the risk factors for deviation of the planned path from the actual screw path under robot-assisted posterior spine surgery and to evaluate the accuracy and safety of this technique.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of case data from October 2021 to July 2022 for spine-related disorders seen at our spine surgery center. Univariate and multifactorial analysis of potential factors for deviations between the planned and actual screw paths with robot-assisted technology was performed, and logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for suboptimal screw placement.
Results: A total of 820 screws were placed in these 145 patients, including 600 CBT screws and 220 pedicle screws. Screw accuracy was described using the modified Gertzbein-Robbins score, and the overall accuracy of screw placement (grades A and B) was 98.2%; unsatisfactory screw placement (C+D+E) was present in 15 cases (1.8%). Male (OR=3.723; 95% CI=2.215-6.259; p<0.01), right-sided screw placement (OR=4.023; 95% CI=2.477-6.532; p<0.001), larger axial plate angle (OR=1.069; 95% CI=1.043-1.095; p<0.001), thicker screw (OR=1.151; 95% CI=1.068 to 1.241; p<0.001), and larger tracer-to-surgical-segment distance (OR=0.159; 95% CI=0.088 to 0.288; p<0.001) all affected screw accuracy in robot-assistedsurgery.
Conclusion: In the operation of robot-assisted screws, CBT or pedicle screwing may not affect the accuracy of screw placement. Placing the screw on the right side, larger laminated angles, larger diameters of the screws, and distance away from the tracker are risk factors for screw deviation from the pre-planned path, which reminds us to maintain a high degree of vigilance during surgery.
Transcriptome analysis of Populus × canadensis ‘Zhongliao1’ in response to low temperature stress
Authors: yang chengchao , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Yan , Jin Hua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Low temperatures are known to limit the growth and geographical distribution of poplars. Although some transcriptomic studies have been conducted to explore the response of poplar leaves to cold stress, only a few have comprehensively analyzed the effects of low temperature on the transcriptome of poplars and identified genes related to cold stress response and repair of freeze–thaw injury.
Results: We exposed the Euramerican poplar Zhongliao1 to low temperatures; after stems were exposed to −40℃, 4℃, and 20℃, the mixture of phloem and cambium was collected for transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 29,060 genes were detected, including 28,739 known genes and 321 novel genes. Several differentially expressed genes (n = 36) were found to be involved in the Ca2+ signaling pathway, starch–sucrose metabolism pathway, abscisic acid signaling pathway, and DNA repair. They were functionally annotated; glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase and UDP glucuronosyltransferase genes, for instance, showed a close relationship with cold resistance. The expression of 11 differentially expressed genes was verified by qRT-PCR; RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data were found to be consistent, which validated the robustness of our RNA-seq findings. Finally, multiple sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis were performed, the results of which suggested a close association between several novel genes and cold resistance in Zhongliao1.
Conclusions: We believe that the cold resistance and freeze–thaw injury repair genes identified in this study are of great significance for cold tolerance breeding.