bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional brainstem representations of the human trigeminal cervical complex
Authors: Mehnert Jan , Basedau Hauke , Sturm Lisa-Marie , Nielsen Trine , Jensen Rigmor Højland , May Arne 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThe human in-vivo functional somatotopy of the three branches of the trigeminal (V1, V2, V3) and greater occipital nerve in brainstem and also in thalamus and insula is still not well understood.MethodsAfter preregistration (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03999060), we mapped the functional representations of this trigemino-cervical complex non-invasively in 87 humans using high-resolution protocols for functional magnetic resonance imaging during painful electrical stimulation in two separate experiments. The imaging protocol and analysis was optimized for the lower brainstem and upper spinal cord, to identify activation of the spinal trigeminal nuclei. The stimulation protocol involved four electrodes which were positioned on the left side according to the three branches of the trigeminal nerve and the greater occipital nerve. The stimulation site was randomized and each site was repeated 10 times per session. The participants partook in three sessions resulting in 30 trials per stimulation site.ResultsWe show a large overlap of peripheral dermatomes on brainstem representations and a somatotopic arrangement of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve along the perioral-periauricular axis and for the greater occipital nerve in brainstem below pons, as well as in thalamus, insula and cerebellum. The co-localization of greater occipital nerve with V1 along the lower part of brainstem is of particular interest since some headache patients profit from an anesthetic block of the greater occipital nerve.ConclusionOur data provide anatomical evidence for a functional inter-inhibitory network between the trigeminal branches and greater occipital nerve in healthy humans as postulated in animal work. We further show that functional trigeminal representations intermingle perioral and periauricular facial dermatomes with individual branches of the trigeminal nerve in an onion shaped manner and overlap in a typical within-body-part somatotopic arrangement. Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03999060
Dr David Malan DM, FRCPsych (1922–2020): A breath of fresh air for psychoanalysis and mental health
Authors: Ezquerro Arturo , Allen Daniel 
Published: May 2023

This hybrid piece of work aims to pay tribute to David Malan (21 March 1922–14 October 2020) who has been one of the great influences on open-minded psychoanalysis and psychodynamic mental health. Inspired by the work and ideas of John Bowlby, Michael Bálint and Habib Davanloo, over five decades, Dr Malan committed himself to finding effective treatments that would help the largest number of patients in the shortest possible time, and pioneered research into brief dynamic psychotherapy as well as into group psychotherapy. He came to the conclusion that the type of therapy matters far less than the relationship the patient has with the therapist or therapy group, since patients can explore more confidently and make progress more significantly when they perceived the therapist or therapy group as a secure base, a key tenet of attachment theory. More specifically, he pursued a new tradition of short-term psychotherapy that built a bridge between psychoanalytic and more active cognitive-behavioural approaches, and managed to live up to the high ambition for integration of science and meaning in psychiatry, psychotherapy (including group psychotherapy) and psychoanalysis.
Perceived Barriers and Social Cultural Factors Associated With Advance Care Planning Conversations Among Chinese American Older Adults
Authors: Zhang Peiyuan , Sun Fei , Hirsch Jen 
Published: May 2023

Despite the well-documented benefits of advance care planning (ACP), persistent racial and ethnic disparities continue to exist in ACP engagement. Guided by a social ecological model, this study examined perceived barriers and sociocultural factors associated with informal ACP conversations among Chinese American older adults. A purposive sample of 281 community-dwelling older Chinese Americans aged 55 years or older in Arizona and Maryland completed a survey in 2018. Hierarchical logistic regression models were conducted. There were 26.5% of participants who engaged in advance care planning. Lower perceived barriers and sociocultural factors (i.e., length of stay in the U.S. and English language proficiency) were positively associated with ACP conversations. Social support had a significant moderation effect. Findings highlighted the importance of language services and social support in facilitating ACP discussions among older Chinese immigrants. Effective strategies are needed to reduce the barriers to ACP at various levels for older Chinese American populations.
The effect of subacute co-exposure to carbon tetrachloride and diclofenac on the liver of male wistar rats
Authors: Hassanpour Zahra , Shirazi Farshad H , Shokrpoor Sara , Yarahmadi Rasoul , Moghadasi Narges , Vosoogh Mehran , Ashtarinezhad Azadeh 
Published: May 2023

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a potent liver toxin. Diclofenac (Dic), leading adverse effects on the liver, is used among the employees of the industries that use CCl4. The increased use of CCl4 and Dic in industrial workers has prompted us to investigate their synergistic effect on the liver using male Wistar rats as a model. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups ( n = 6), and the exposure was by intraperitoneal injection for 14 days as follows. Group 1: Control, 2: Olive oil, 3: CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg/day (3 times per week)), 4: Normal saline, 5: Dic (1.5 mg/kg/day per day), 6: Olive oil with normal saline, 7: CCl4 (0.8 mL/kg/day (3 times per week)) and Dic (1.5 mg/kg/day daily). At the end of day 14, the heart blood was collected to measure the liver enzymes, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), blood alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin. A pathologist examined the liver tissue. Prism software was used to analyze data using ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. ALT, AST, ALP, and Total Bilirubin enzymes were increased significantly in the co-administered CCl4 and Dic group, while the ALB levels decreased ( p < 0.05). The histological findings reported liver necrosis, focal hemorrhage, adipose tissue change, and lymphocytic portal hepatitis. In conclusion, using Dic while exposed to CCl4 may exacerbate hepatotoxicity in rats. Therefore, it is suggested that more severe restrictions and safety regulations be placed on using CCl4 in the industry, and caution is advised to these industry workers to use Diclofenac.
Family Functioning and the Pandemic: How Do Parental Perceived Social Support and Mental Health Contribute to Family Health?
Authors: Gervais Christine , Côté Isabel , Pierce Tamarha , Vallée-Ouimet Sandrine , de Montigny Francine 
Published: May 2023

Background The COVID-19 pandemic and the quarantine measures implemented have profoundly impacted parents and families. The stress and uncertainty generated by the COVID-19 virus, as well as the disruption of routines and social relationships, have weakened both individual and family health and functioning. Objective The present research is part of a larger study that aims to understand, with a family systems theory, the longitudinal effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on school-aged children, adolescents, and their parents. More specifically, this paper aims to investigate parents’ experience of the first months of the pandemic as a predictor of perceived social support, parental ill-being (aggregate score of well-established poor psychological functioning indicators), parental satisfaction, and family functioning. Method During the first lockdown (April-May 2020), 203 parents of school-aged children living in Quebec completed an online questionnaire. Results Path analysis indicates that the impact of COVID-19 and health preoccupation due to COVID-19 are both positively associated with individual parental ill-being, which in turn detracts from family functioning and parental satisfaction. Furthermore, perceptions about positive effects of the pandemic are negatively associated with parental ill-being, and positively with perceived social support, which in turn significantly contributes to family functioning and parental satisfaction. Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of adopting a systemic perspective to best understand the effects of the pandemic and the social and health measures on individuals, families, and systems, as well as to better support parents and family health through periods of uncertainty.
Impacting Instruments for Export Competitiveness: Evidence from India and China in the Global Manufacturing Market
Authors: Ganai Sayed Gulzar , Mir Abdul Hamid , Bhat Showkat Ahmad , Khan Javid Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

This study attempts to find the impacting instruments of export competitiveness for India and China by utilizing the revealed comparative advantage index and panel data regression during 2001–2020. The top 10 product groups at HS two-digit level were selected for analysis in the sample economies. The results revealed that random effect analysis remained more significant than the fixed effect for these economies. The random effect analysis showed that the top positively impacting variables with a high magnitude for Chinese export competitiveness are foreign direct investment (FDI) and research and development (R&D), followed by relative export prices (REP). The wage rate is the only factor that remained negative in magnitude for China. On the other hand, India tried to absorb FDI toward making the domestic market strong along with R&D, which has significantly impacted its growing competitiveness in the global market. REP negatively impacted Indian competitiveness with a high magnitude, followed by the real effective exchange rate. China has remained entirely integrated with the international market through joint ventures and multi-national companies and has promoted its exports in an improved form in the global market as compared to India. Moreover, China remained quite active in promoting the competitiveness of its manufactured product lines through investing in R&D and gross fixed capital formation, which contributed a significant part to its export competitiveness. In contrast, such investments remained relatively unresponsive for India. JEL Classification C33, F14, F15, F19
The development of a Youth Psychiatry specialty within the RANZCP (‘the College')
Authors: Pellen Daniel 
Published: May 2023

Objective To describe the development of a Youth Psychiatry specialty within the College. Conclusion Progress has been frustratingly slow. The recognition of a specialty will enable the development of an appropriately trained workforce to best meet the mental health needs of young people aged 12–25. We are hopeful Advanced Training in Youth Psychiatry will become available from February 2024.
A Novel Nomogram for Identifying Candidates for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Stage IB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Song Xue , Xie Yangyang , Deng Haoran , Yu Fei , Wang Shiqiang , Lou Yafang 
Published: May 2023

Background This study aimed to develop a novel predictive nomogram to identify specific stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) populations who could benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Method Stage IB NSCLC patients were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and divided into the ACT and non-ACT groups. Then the methods of Kaplan-Meier analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), Least absolute shrink and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented. Finally, the predictive nomogram was constructed and validated. Results 9055 stage IB NSCLC patients were enrolled from the SEER database while 47 patients from Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University were identified as the external validation cohort. Of these patients, 1334 cases underwent ACT while the other 7721 patients didn’t receive ACT. After PSM, the patients in the ACT group presented longer median overall survival (100 vs 82 months, P < .001). Among the ACT group, 482 (49.6%) patients achieving more prolonged overall survival than 82 months were regarded as the beneficiary population. Then the LASSO regression and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented. Finally, 8 predictors were selected for model construction, including age, gender, marital status, laterality, pathology, tumor size, regional nodes examined, and tumor size. The predictive nomogram demonstrated good discrimination in the training cohort (AUC = .781), internal validation cohort (AUC = .772), and external validation cohort (AUC = .851). And calibration curves indicated ideal consistency between the predicted and observed probabilities. Decision curve analysis presented a clinically useful model. Conclusion The practical nomogram could guide treatment decision-making and select optimal ACT candidates among stage IB NSCLC patients.
The Association Between Regular Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms Among Patients in Treatment of Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Berger Endre , Bolstad Ingeborg , Lien Lars , Bramness Jørgen G 
Published: May 2023

Background: Alcohol and other substance use disorders and major depression often co-occur. A sedentary lifestyle is related to major depression and even moderate exercise may prevent and contribute to the treatment of depression. Studies have found an effect of physical activity on depression in alcohol and other substance use disorder patients even in clinical settings. Aim: To investigate the relationship between level of physical activity and depressive symptoms over time in alcohol and substance use disorder inpatients. Methods: Eighty-nine substance use disorder inpatients were followed for 6 months during treatment. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to categorize 3 groups of low, moderate, or high level of physical activity. In addition to background variables and alcohol and drug use measures, data on biometric measures and on sleep were gathered. Becks Depression Inventory version II (BDI-II) measured depressive symptoms. A multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the longitudinal relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms. Results: Most patients (57%) reported low activity, while 24% reported moderate and 19% high activity. Few changed their activity level during treatment. Moderate physical activity was related to lower score on BDI-II ( P = .029). Level of physical activity was closely related to insomnia ( P = .024). In the multivariate analysis the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity did not withstand the adjustment for insomnia. However, in the multilevel logistic regression higher physical activity was related to lower BDI-II score in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Among these alcohol and other substance use disorders patients in treatment, there was a relationship between depressive symptoms and physical activity. The low level of physical activity identified among these patients was related to a high level of depressive symptoms. The level of depressive symptoms declined over time; but this change was not related to an increase in physical activity.
The impact of cigarette smoking on cognitive processing speed and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Alshehri Ebtesam , Cohen Jeffrey A , Ontaneda Daniel , Nakamura Kunio , Husak Scott , Love Thomas E , Fox Robert J , Briggs Farren BS , Conway Devon S 
Published: May 2023

Background: Smoking is associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) and disability worsening. The relationship between smoking, cognitive processing speed, and brain atrophy remains uncertain. Objective: To quantify the impact of smoking on processing speed and brain volume in MS and to explore the longitudinal relationship between smoking and changes in processing speed. Methods: A retrospective study of MS patients who completed the processing speed test (PST) between September 2015 and March 2020. Demographics, disease characteristics, smoking history, and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were collected. Cross-sectional associations between smoking, PST performance, whole-brain fraction (WBF), gray matter fraction (GMF), and thalamic fraction (TF) were assessed using multivariable linear regression. The longitudinal relationship between smoking and PST performance was assessed by linear mixed modeling. Results: The analysis included 5536 subjects of whom 1314 had quantitative MRI within 90 days of PST assessment. Current smokers had lower PST scores than never smokers at baseline, and this difference persisted over time. Smoking was associated with reduced GMF but not with WBF or TF. Conclusion: Smoking has an adverse relationship with cognition and GMF. Although causality is not demonstrated, these observations support the importance of smoking cessation counseling in MS management.
The impact of temperament on functional and symptomatic relief and satisfaction after carpal tunnel release
Authors: Karaduman Mert , Bilgin Sırrı Sinan , Armangil Mehmet 
Published: May 2023

The aim of this study was to compare the symptomatic, functional and satisfaction outcomes of patients with different temperaments undergoing carpal tunnel surgery by a single surgeon. Dominant temperaments of 171 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were determined using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Patients were divided into six temperament groups, and the impact of their respective group measured against preoperative and postoperative symptom severity and functional capacity using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ] and satisfaction using the Patient Evaluation Measure (PEM). Patients in the depressive group had the largest improvement in symptoms (BCTQ score change, –2.2) as well as a significant improvement in function (BCTQ score change, –2.1), yet had the lowest postoperative satisfaction (mean PEM score 9). Determination of patient temperament before surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may be useful as an ancillary technique to help predict postoperative satisfaction, which may in turn help guide preoperative communication and expectation setting. Level of evidence: III
Risk factors and prognosis of thrombocytopenia in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Lv Xiaoyan , Li Pengpeng , Yue Pengpeng , Tang Ping , Zhou Fuling 
Published: May 2023

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common hematological manifestation in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS; PLWHA). Data on the prognostic relationship and associated factors of thrombocytopenia and HIV infection in China are limited. Objectives: We assessed the prevalence of thrombocytopenia, its association with prognosis, and analyzed the associated risk factors among demographic characteristics, comorbidities, hematological and bone marrow indicators. Design: We collected patients identified as PLWHA in Zhongnan Hospital. The patients were divided into two groups: the thrombocytopenia group and the non-thrombocytopenia group. We analyzed and compared demographic characteristics, comorbidities, peripheral blood cells, lymphocyte subpopulations, infection indicators, bone marrow cytology, and bone marrow morphology of the two groups. Then we analyzed the risk factors for thrombocytopenia and the effect of platelet (PLT) values on the prognosis of patients. Methods: Demographic characteristics and laboratory results were obtained from medical records. In contrast to other studies, we included bone marrow cytology and morphology in this study. Data were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to plot 60-month survival curves for the severe, mild, and non-thrombocytopenia groups. The value p < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Among 618 identified PLWHA, 510 (82.5%) were male. Overall, thrombocytopenia was found in 37.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 33.9–41.5%]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age ⩾40 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.869, 95% CI: 1.052–3.320], combined with hepatitis B (AOR 2.004, 95% CI: 1.049–3.826), high procalcitonin (PCT) count (AOR 1.038, 95% CI: 1.000–1.078) were risk factors of thrombocytopenia in PLWHA. An increased percentage of thrombocytogenic megakaryocytes was a protective factor, with an AOR 0.949 (95% CI: 0.930–0.967). Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that the prognosis was worse in the severe than in the mild ( p = 0.002) and non-thrombocytopenia groups ( p = 0.008). Conclusion: We discovered a general high pervasiveness of thrombocytopenia in PLWHA in China. Age ⩾40 years, combined with hepatitis B virus infection, high PCT, and decreased percentage of thrombocytogenic megakaryocytes indicated a higher risk for developing thrombocytopenia. A PLT count ⩽50 × 109/liter led to a worse prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of thrombocytopenia in these patients are useful.
Performance characteristics of diagnostic assays for schistosomiasis in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Lau Rachel , Makhani Leila , Omoruna Osaru , Lecce Celine , Shao Eric , Cunanan Marlou , Ralevski Filip , Cheema Karamjit , Boggild Andrea K. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Due to lower intensity of infection and greater intervals from last exposure, parasitologic detection methods for schistosomiasis are poorly sensitive in non-endemic areas, challenging accurate diagnosis. Methods: We evaluated parasitologic versus indirect detection methods for schistosomiasis. We included specimens submitted for Schistosoma serology, and stool for ova and parasite microscopy. Three real-time PCR assays targeting Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium were performed. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), where both microscopy and serology were the composite reference standard against serum PCR. Results: Of 8168 serum specimens submitted for Schistosoma serology, 638 (7.8%) were reactive and 6705 (82.1%) were non-reactive. Of 156,771 stool specimens submitted for ova and parasite testing, 46 (0.03%) were positive for eggs of S. mansoni. Four (0.5%) urine specimens were positive for eggs of S. haematobium. Combined serum PCRs targeting S. mansoni had a sensitivity and specificity of 27.8% (95% CI = 18.3–39.1%) and 100% (95% CI = 83.9–100%), respectively, with PPV of 100% (95% CI = 100%) and NPV of 26.9% (95% CI = 24.3–29.7%). The one serum sample positive for S. haematobium was also detectable by our S. haematobium PCR. No cross-reactivity was observed for all three PCR assays. Conclusions: Although serology is highly sensitive, parasitologic tests signify active infection, but are limited by low population-level sensitivity, particularly in non-endemic settings. Although serum PCR offered no performance advantage over stool microscopy, its role in diagnostic parasitology should be pursued due to its high-throughput and operator-independent nature.