bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance-related physiological changes induced by one year of endurance training in young athletes
Authors: Mishica Christina , Kyröläinen Heikki , Valtonen Maarit , Holmberg Hans-Christer , Linnamo Vesa 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionAlthough maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is generally recognized as the single best indicator of aerobic fitness in youth, interpretation of this parameter and the extent to which it can be improved by training remain controversial, as does the relative importance of VO2max for performance in comparison to other factors such as power production. Here, we examined the influence of endurance training on the VO2max, muscle power and sports-related performance of cross-country skiers attending a school specializing in sports, as well as potential relationships between any changes observed to one another and/or to perceived stress scale (Cohen) and certain blood parameters.MethodsOn two separate occasions, prior to the competition season and separated by one year of endurance training, the 12 participants (5 males, 7 females, 17 ± 1 years) carried out tests for VO2max on a treadmill, explosive power utilizing countermovement jumps (CMJ) and ski-specific maximal double pole performance (DPP) employing roller skis on a treadmill. Blood levels of ferritin (Fer), vitamin D (VitD) and hemoglobin (Hg) were monitored, and stress assessed with a questionnaire.ResultsDPP improved by 10 ± 8% (P &lt; 0.001), but no other significant changes were observed. There were no significant correlations between the changes in DPP and any other variable.DiscussionWhereas one year of endurance training improved the cross-country ski-specific performance of young athletes significantly, the increase in their maximal oxygen uptake was minimal. Since DPP was not correlated with VO2max, jumping power or the levels of certain blood parameters, the improvement observed probably reflected better upper-body performance.
Postoperative hip center position is associated with gait symmetry in range of axial rotation in dysplasia patients after THA
Authors: Hu Yi , Zou Diyang , Jiang Mengda , Qian Qingyu , Li Huiwu , Tsai Tsung-Yuan , Zhang Jingwei 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundThis study aimed to explore whether pre- or postoperative hip structures or surgical changes significantly influence hip range of motion (ROM) symmetry in patients with hip dysplasia during gait after total hip arthroplasty (THA) and provide possible surgical suggestions.MethodsFourteen patients with unilateral hip dysplasia underwent computed tomography before and after surgery to create three-dimensional hip models. Pre- and postoperative acetabular and femoral orientations, hip rotation centers (HRC), and femoral lengths were measured. Bilateral hip ROM during level walking after THA was quantified using dual fluoroscopy. The ROM symmetry in flexion-extension, adduction-abduction, and axial rotation was calculated using the symmetry index (SI). The relationship between SI and the above anatomical parameters and demographic characteristics was tested using Pearson's correlation and linear regression.ResultsThe average SI values for flexion-extension, adduction-abduction, and axial rotation during gait were −0.29, −0.30, and −0.10, respectively. Significant correlations were detected mainly in the postoperative HRC position. A distally placed HRC was associated with increased SI values for adduction-abduction (R = −0.47, p = 0.045), while a medially placed HRC was associated with decreased SI values for axial rotation (R = 0.63, p = 0.007). A regression analysis indicated that horizontal HRC positions significantly determined axial rotational symmetry (R2 = 0.40, p = 0.015). Normal axial rotation SI values were achieved with HRC between 17 mm medially and 16 mm laterally.ConclusionsPostoperative HRC position was significantly correlated with gait symmetry in the frontal and transverse planes in patients with unilateral hip dysplasia after THA. Surgical reconstruction of the HRC to between 17 mm medially and 16 mm laterally may contribute to gait symmetry.
Associations Between Gender Gaps in Life Expectancy, Air Pollution, and Urbanization: A Global Assessment With Bayesian Spatiotemporal Modeling
Authors: Ren Zhoupeng , Wang Shaobin , Liu Xianglong , Yin Qian , Fan Junfu 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: It’s evident that women have a longer life expectancy than men. This study investigates the spatiotemporal trends of gender gaps in life expectancy (GGLE). It demonstrates the spatiotemporal difference of the influence factors of population-weighted air pollution (pwPM2.5) and urbanization on GGLE.Methods: Panel data on GGLE and influencing factors from 134 countries from 1960 to 2018 are collected. The Bayesian spatiotemporal model is performed.Results: The results show an obvious spatial heterogeneity worldwide with a continuously increasing trend of GGLE. Bayesian spatiotemporal regression reveals a significant positive relationship between pwPM2.5, urbanization, and GGLE with the spatial random effects. Further, the regression coefficients present obvious geographic disparities across space worldwide.Conclusion: In sum, social-economic development and air quality improvement should be considered comprehensively in global policy to make a fair chance for both genders to maximize their health gains.
Exploring Living Arrangements as a Predictor of Canadians’ Illicit Drug Use: Quantitative Findings From the Canadian Community Health Survey
Authors: Chai Xiangnan , Liu Liu , Huang Guangli , Tan Yongzhen 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: About four percent of Canadians used illegal drugs in 2019, but it remains unknown whether their living arrangements are a relevant factor.Methods: We use the public version of the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey Annual Component. The binary logit model and complementary log-log model are applied to investigate to what extent living arrangements predict Canadians’ recent illicit drug use.Results: Living alone is significantly associated with Canadians’ illicit drug use. For young and older Canadians, those living with spouses/partners, children, or both are less likely to use illicit drugs than their solo-living counterparts. Middle-aged Canadians who lived with spouses/partners only or with children have significantly lower likelihoods of using illicit drugs compared to those living alone. Additionally, differences between men and women have been found. Spouses/partners and children play more positive roles for young and middle-aged women than for men.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that living with core families is a type of collectivity that may have positive effects on Canadians’ health behaviours compared to those living alone, who, therefore, need more attention from health officials.
Antibiotic Resistance in Selected Emerging Bacterial Foodborne Pathogens—An Issue of Concern?
Authors: Grudlewska-Buda Katarzyna , Bauza-Kaszewska Justyna , Wiktorczyk-Kapischke Natalia , Budzyńska Anna , Gospodarek-Komkowska Eugenia , Skowron Krzysztof 
Published: May 2023

Antibiotic resistance (AR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) have been confirmed for all major foodborne pathogens: Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Of great concern to scientists and physicians are also reports of antibiotic-resistant emerging food pathogens—microorganisms that have not previously been linked to food contamination or were considered epidemiologically insignificant. Since the properties of foodborne pathogens are not always sufficiently recognized, the consequences of the infections are often not easily predictable, and the control of their activity is difficult. The bacteria most commonly identified as emerging foodborne pathogens include Aliarcobacter spp., Aeromonas spp., Cronobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Clostridioides difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Salmonella enterica, Streptocccus suis, Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica. The results of our analysis confirm antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance among the mentioned species. Among the antibiotics whose effectiveness is steadily declining due to expanding resistance among bacteria isolated from food are β-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones. Continuous and thorough monitoring of strains isolated from food is necessary to characterize the existing mechanisms of resistance. In our opinion, this review shows the scale of the problem of microbes related to health, which should not be underestimated.
Utilization of Computer Classification Methods for Exposure Prediction and Gene Selection in Daphnia magna Toxicogenomics
Authors: Paylar Berkay , Längkvist Martin , Jass Jana , Olsson Per-Erik 
Published: May 2023

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element that influences many cellular functions. Depending on bioavailability, Zn can cause both deficiency and toxicity. Zn bioavailability is influenced by water hardness. Therefore, water quality analysis for health-risk assessment should consider both Zn concentration and water hardness. However, exposure media selection for traditional toxicology tests are set to defined hardness levels and do not represent the diverse water chemistry compositions observed in nature. Moreover, these tests commonly use whole organism endpoints, such as survival and reproduction, which require high numbers of test animals and are labor intensive. Gene expression stands out as a promising alternative to provide insight into molecular events that can be used for risk assessment. In this work, we apply machine learning techniques to classify the Zn concentrations and water hardness from Daphnia magna gene expression by using quantitative PCR. A method for gene ranking was explored using techniques from game theory, namely, Shapley values. The results show that standard machine learning classifiers can classify both Zn concentration and water hardness simultaneously, and that Shapley values are a versatile and useful alternative for gene ranking that can provide insight about the importance of individual genes.
A Bimodal Model for Oil Prices
Authors: Goard Joanna , AbaOud Mohammed 
Published: May 2023

Oil price behaviour over the last 10 years has shown to be bimodal in character, displaying a strong tendency to congregate around one range of high oil prices and one range of low prices, indicating two distinct peaks in its frequency distribution. In this paper, we propose a new, single nonlinear stochastic process to model the bimodal behaviour, namely, dp=α(p1−p)(p2−p(p3−p)dt+σpγdZ, γ=0,0.5. Further, we find analytic approximations of oil price futures under this model in the cases where the stable fixed points of the corresponding deterministic model are (a) evenly spaced about the unstable fixed point and (b) are spaced in the ratio 1:2 about the unstable fixed point. The solutions are shown to produce accurate prices when compared to numerical solutions.
Potential of Nucleic Acid Receptor Ligands to Improve Vaccination Efficacy against the Filarial Nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis
Authors: Scheunemann Johanna F. , Risch Frederic , Reichwald Julia J. , Lenz Benjamin , Neumann Anna-Lena , Garbe Stephan , Frohberger Stefan J. , Koschel Marianne , Ajendra Jesuthas , Rothe Maximilian , Latz Eicke , Coch Christoph , Hartmann Gunther , Schumak Beatrix , Hoerauf Achim , Hübner Marc P. 
Published: May 2023

More than two-hundred-million people are infected with filariae worldwide. However, there is no vaccine available that confers long-lasting protection against filarial infections. Previous studies indicated that vaccination with irradiated infective L3 larvae reduces the worm load. This present study investigated whether the additional activation of cytosolic nucleic acid receptors as an adjuvant improves the efficacy of vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis with the aim of identifying novel vaccination strategies for filarial infections. Subcutaneous injection of irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA resulted in neutrophil recruitment to the skin, accompanied by higher IP-10/CXCL10 and IFN-β RNA levels. To investigate the impact on parasite clearance, BALB/c mice received three subcutaneous injections in 2-week intervals with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA prior to the challenge infection. Vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA led to a markedly greater reduction in adult-worm counts by 73% and 57%, respectively, compared to the immunization with irradiated L3 larvae alone (45%). In conclusion, activation of nucleic acid-sensing immune receptors boosts the protective immune response against L. sigmodontis and nucleic acid-receptor agonists as vaccine adjuvants represent a promising novel strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines against filariae and potentially other helminths.
Sur l’inconvertibilité du F CFA au Cameroun.
Authors: Herrera Javier 
Published: May 2023

The inconvertibility of CFA F in the cameroon.
The measures concerning the inconvertibility of the CFA franc banknotes as well as the devaluation of the CFA Franc have greatly disturbed informal transfrontier exchanges between Nigeria and Cameroon but have not stopped them for all that. New circuits were devised constantly and original strategies were displayed by traders in order to bypass measures, even to take advantage from them. Some kind of commercial new balance is about to be reached but one cannot foresee whether it will be maintained so much the Nigerian conjuncture matters for the future of the CFA zone.
Paix et guerre chez les pasteurs Kuvale. Lettre de Vitivi
Authors: Carvalho Ruy Duarte de 
Published: May 2023

Peace and war at the Kuvale pastoralists. Vitivfs letter.
Exceptionally, the Herero pastoralists’ territory was spared by the war and they even increased their livestock wealth. If they have a remote perception of Angola, they are nevertheless not cut off from politics or war. Their situation is the consequence of the alliance they formed with the MPLA at the time of independence against a common ennemy, UNITA they identified as the organization of the northern people that had been raiding them for a long time. The alliance remained, the MPLA choosing their activists among their chiefs and relying on its youth for the recruitment of its army.
La Fondation Alexandre de Humboldt et l’Afrique
Authors: Toulabor Comi Molevo 
Published: May 2023

Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung und Afrika.
Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung ist eine Stiftung mit wissenschaftlichem Charakter, die postdoktorale Stipendien an junge Forscher unter 40 Jahren aus der ganzen Welt vergibt. Die Auswahl geeigneter Kandidaten erfolgt dabei nach strengen Kriterien. Afrikanische Wissenschaftler, insbesondere aus den französischsprachigen Ländern, sind nur in geringem Masse vertreten, zumal der Grossteil von ihnen nach dem Abschluss ihrer Forschungsarbateiten in ihr Heimatland zuruckkehrt. Trotz grosser Bemühungen der Stiftung, sich in Afrika einen Namen zu verschaffen, bleibt sie grossenteils noch unbekannt.
État et sécurité en Afrique
Authors: Bangoura Dominique 
Published: May 2023

L’État en Afrique apparaît de plus en plus souvent comme un facteur d’insécurité, soit en raison d’un usage excessif du monopole de la violence physique soit en relation avec son intervention dans le jeu économique ou par l’effet de la répression des forces politiques adverses.
Il s’agit donc de repenser l'exercice du monopole de la violence physique en réorganisant les armées et les forces de l'ordre. Il convient également de mieux distinguer État et pouvoir politique pour ménager un espace étatique autonome et réduire la prétention à un monopole étatique, mais en fait politique, de la vérité.
Cette réforme de l’État permettrait d'échapper à une vision pessimiste et autoriserait le jeu des revendications et des contestations sans le risque de l’éclatement des formations sociales. Elle permettrait enfin de mieux répondre aux besoins de sécurité physique, morale, économique et sociale exprimés par les Africains.
Les embarras d’Antananarivo ou l’économie politique des trottoirs
Authors: Spindler Marc R. 
Published: May 2023

«traffic jams in antananarivo or the political economy of the streets».
The material condition of the streets of Antananarivo, Madagascar, is briefly assessed. On this scene, three types of developments are studied by way of observation and in-depth analysis : the social side of the natural alternation of day and night, with the problem of urban crime ; the big times of historical protest when masses took to the streets ; the explosion of the informal sector in production and trade. The street reveals the tensions and passions of society and the weakness of the state.
Grand commerce féminin, hiérarchies et solidarités en Afrique de l’Ouest
Authors: Humarau Béatrice 
Published: May 2023

En Afrique de l’Ouest, les grandes négociantes sont les figures de proue du commerce féminin urbain. Toujours actrices et souvent leaders des structures associatives et des réseaux commerçants, elles défendent leurs intérêts en utilisant des registres autres que ceux purement économiques, au cours des stratégies qu’elles mettent en œuvre pour initier, sécuriser ou renforcer leurs activités commerciales. Leur prestige résulte de leur capacité à recruter, notamment sur les places de marché, une clientèle.
Bénéficiant de diverses complicités dans les sphères du pouvoir, de l’administration et du monde marchand, elles exercent une influence politique primordiale. Au cours de ces interactions, elles mettent en scène et instrumentalisent leur identité féminine, afin d’accéder à des positions de pouvoir. Toutefois, hormis le cas des femmes chefs traditionnels des villes yoruba, leur autorité politique s’institutionnalise difficilement.
Un tribunal pour quoi faire ? Le Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda et la poursuite des crimes contre l’humanité
Authors: Getti Pierre 
Published: May 2023

A court : what for ? The international court and the crimes against humanity.
Created in November 1 994, the International Court in Rwanda (Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda, TPIRJ has not yet judged any criminal charged for genocide. This paper will examine three essential themes necessary to understand the main difficulties encountered by the Court. First, is the organization and working of the Court adapted to judge those responsible for the genocide ? Second, is the criminal policy of the Court consistent with its defined goals and how efficient are its investigative methods ? Third, is the International community really involved in the punishment of criminals and does it effectively counter the laws which provide impunity ?
Commerce international : le nouvel ordre des plus forts
Authors: Blein Roger 
Published: May 2023

International trade : the biggest's new order.
Africa’s share in the international trade has been decreasing from the end of the 70’s. In the same time the international trade as a whole was sharply increasing. A number of structural explanations can be identified. However it is clear that the international policies of trade liberalism and the aid for trade’ motto, have been contributing to a large extent to this marginalisation of Africa.
Implementasi Sistem Pembelajaran Model Cooperative Learning Dalam Membentuk Karakter Wirausaha
Authors: Aldilla Rista , Erida  
Published: May 2023

Abstrak
Kemampuan mahasiswa pada Mata Kuliah Pengantar Bisnis Program Studi Diploma IV Manajemen Pemerintahan memiliki tingkatan pemahaman yang berbeda meskipun berada di kelas yang sama. Hal ini menyebabkan ketimpangan yang cukup signifikan diantara mahasiswa yang berada di kelas yang sama. Hal ini terlihat saat menggunakan metode pembelajaran dengan diskusi/tanya jawab, dimana terdapat mahasiswa yang mampu mengungkapkan pendapat dengan baik dan ada yang sangat pasif. Hal lain yang bisa menjadi penyebab adalah motivasi belajar di antara mahasiswa yang berbeda. Untuk itu, salah satu cara yang akan digunakan untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang efektif adalah melalui Cooperative Learning Tipe Jigsaw karena metode ini biasa digunakan untuk ilmu-ilmu social, bedah literatur, dan pengetahuan ilmiah yang lain yang hanya bertujuan menciptakan penguasaan konsep dibandingkan penguasaan kemampuan peserta didik. Metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw, memiliki manfaat agar mahasiswa mampu bekerja sama dalam kelompok untuk mencapai tujuan secara bersama. Setiap anggota kelompok dituntut untuk dapat bertanggungjawab terhadap hasil belajarnya, karena keberhasilan kelompok didasarkan atas sumbangan masing-masing anggota kelompok.

Kata Kunci: PTK, Cooperatif Learning, Jigsaw, Kemampuan

Abstract
The ability of students in the Government Management Diploma IV Study Program Business Introductory Course has a different level of understanding even though they are in the same class. This causes a significant gap between students who are in the same class. This can be seen when using the learning method with discussion/question and answer, where there are students who are able to express opinions well and some are very passive. Another thing that could be the cause is the motivation to study among different students. For this reason, one way that will be used to create effective learning is through the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Type because this method is commonly used for social sciences, reviewing literature, and other scientific knowledge which only aims to create mastery of concepts rather than mastery of students' abilities. . The jigsaw type of cooperative learning method has the advantage that students are able to work together in groups to achieve common goals. Each group member is required to be responsible for their learning outcomes, because group success is based on the contribution of each group member.

Keywords: PTK, Cooperative Learning, Jigsaw, Ability
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Pada Kelas V SDN Dono Harjo Melalui Metode Eksperimen
Authors: Novi Novi Nurhasanah , Hasim Wahid 
Published: May 2023

Guru merupakan hal yang paling paling penting dalam dunia pendidikan. Karena itu, guru mutlak perlu mengetahui metode-metode maupun cara yang efektif dalam sebuah proses pembelajaran agar tercapi tujuan hasil pembelajaran yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian tindakan kelas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran IPA dengan materi benda tunggal dan campuran melalui metode eksperimen. Metode eksperimen adalah suatu cara mengajar dimana siswa melakukan percobaan secara langsung tentang suatu hal. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SDN Dono Harjo tahun pelajaran 2022/2023 yang berjumlah 26 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa menggunakan metode eksperimen mengalami peningkatan dari siklus 1 ke siklus II. Pada pra siklus hanya mencapai 34,62% (9 siswa) dengan nilai rata-rata hanya 63.07. kemudian pada siklus I persentase mencapai 50.00% (13 Siswa) dengan nilai rata-rata mencapai 69.80 dan pada perbaikan pembelajaran siklus II persentase mencapai 84,61% dan nilai rata-rata 84.03.