bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Difficult Neighbourhood with Hybrid War in the Background: An Analysis of Relations between Poland and Belarus
Authors: Ziemblicki Mateusz Hubert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Belarus has been dependent on the Russian Federation for many reasons for years. The possibilities for shaping its foreign policy are also very limited. Nevertheless, until recently, mutual relations with Poland still functioned, despite being complicated and not without difficult periods. However, the events related to the situation in Belarus after the rigged presidential elections in 2020, the enormity of the repression of representatives of the Belarusian opposition, parts of the media and ordinary citizens, the involvement of Belarus on the Russian side in its aggression against Ukraine, the hybrid war launched in mid-2021 consisting of the instrumental use of migrants for political purposes, and the subsequent packages of sanctions imposed by the European Union in response to these illegal and shameful actions raise legitimate questions about the future of mutual relations between Warsaw and Minsk. For this reason, it seems important to analyse the relations between Belarus, ruled continuously since 1997 by Lukashenko, and Poland.
Civil Liability Arising from Genetically Modified Foods in China
Authors: Zhanjun T. 
Published: January 2025

Although the development of GMO technology can bring benefits to human beings, the safety and potential risks of genetically modified foods has always attracted the attention of researchers and has sparked lively debates among policymakers and legal scholars. In China, the legal framework governing GM foods remains a critical area of concern. This paper examines the regime of civil liability in China in relation to GM foods, focusing on the principles of no-fault liability and fault liability. It analyzes the legal provisions which shape the liability landscape of GM foods in China. If genetically modified food sold on the market poses a risk to consumer health, the producer and operator may be held liable under the principles of no-fault liability or fault liability in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Code and Food Safety Law of China. Consumers can also seek compensation for damages in accordance with the aforementioned legal document.If the seller violates the consumer’s right to be informed about genetically modified (GM) food and the right to choose, the consumer can demand the cancellation of the sale contract and seek compensation for losses under the Civil Code. Additionally, they may also claim punitive damages in accordance with the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests. As a result of health damage caused by the eating of genetically modified food without approval, the injured party may claim liability for damages in accordance with the Civil Code. Even if no substantial damage to body tissues has been caused, the victim can still claim compensation for actual losses such as medical appraisal fees, transportation expenses, and lost earnings due to missed work. Regardless of whether there is substantial damage to physical health, the victim can also claim compensation for pain and suffering depending on the circumstances. The article aims to provide a comprehensive consideration of the current state of civil liability arising from GM foods in China, highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and implications for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and consumers.
Legal Support for Food Security in the Context of Bioeconomy Development: Integration Aspect
Authors: Nekoteneva М. V. 
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes specific features of food security legislation in the context of bioeconomy development at the global, regional, and national levels. The experience of regulating food security is analyzed by reviewing domestic and foreign publications, as well as respective legal documents. The research was conducted using the methods of generalization, formalization, analysis, abstraction, induction, and deduction. The evolution of food security regulation in the context of bioeconomy development in the European Union and the EAEU, along with specific national features, is assessed.Food security was established to be a key direction in the development of bioeconomy strategies, which is reflected in the legislation of various foreign countries. The conceptual framework of food security legislation has been developed in greater detail at the global level. Common features in the formation of strategic documents in this area have been determined. Both at the global and national levels, particular attention is paid to the protection of intellectual property rights as a basis for commercialization and implementation of R&D results, contributing to enhanced food security.Effective development of bioeconomy is based on the use of biotechnologies, including genetic research. Biotechnologies, in general, and genetic technologies, in particular, are regulated using different models. A number of countries use the so-called “strict” regulatory models, which imply legislative ban or restriction on implementation of certain types of genetic research and their results. In other countries, minimal legislative restrictions are applied, or self-regulation is allowed. In most European countries and some integration associations, the principles of sustainable development form the basis for determining strategic approaches to the advancement of bioeconomy and food security.
A cost-benefit analysis of using wastewater monitoring to guide typhoid vaccine campaigns
Authors: Keshaviah Aparna , Akram Ali , Rizmie Dheeya , Raxter Ian , Hasan Rezaul , Rahman Ziaur , Suchana Afroza Jannat , Jahan Farjana , Rahman Aninda , Rahman Mahbubur , Rahman Mahbubur , Diamond Megan B. , D'Agostino Anthony Louis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction Diarrheal diseases are a leading cause of child mortality yet are highly preventable. Typhoid vaccines remain underutilized, and diagnostic capacity constraints impede treatment and prevention. Wastewater monitoring could provide a more accurate picture of disease burden if methods to detect and quantify Salmonella Typhi in wastewater are advanced. To motivate why countries should invest to improve wastewater testing methods, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis, quantifying the value this approach could yield. Methods We estimated benefits that could accrue if wastewater data informed the early launch of a theoretical typhoid vaccine campaign in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. After empirically estimating the lead-time advantage of wastewater data over clinical data to flag case upticks, we simulated changes in case counts from a 1- to 14-day early campaign launch, using ordinary differential equation modeling. We quantified benefits resulting from averted cases (from preserved caregiver time, school days, and wages), hospitalizations (from savings to public funds), and deaths (using the value of statistical life). We then calculated how cumulative benefits, costs, and the ratio of the two varied by campaign launch timing scenario over a five-year period. Results Wastewater concentrations of Salmonella Typhi upticked 1 to 13 days before case counts. Cumulative benefits varied by year and launch timing. With a 13-day early launch, every $100 spent on wastewater monitoring could yield $295 in societal benefits by year 5. Cumulative benefits roughly equaled cumulative costs with a 5-day early launch and outweighed costs when the campaign was launched even earlier. Conclusion If wastewater data can be advanced to reliably provide early warnings of new typhoid outbreaks, governments could reap large benefits that more than justify spending on program implementation. Our findings could generalize to other high-aid countries that, like Bangladesh, experience routine diarrheal outbreaks and have strong operational networks.
Carbon emission reductions due to high-temperature stress are insufficient to offset carbon sequestration losses
Authors: Jing Changqing , Shao Yuqing , de Voorde Tim Van , Hamdi Rafiq , Yuan Xiuliang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Global warming has intensified the frequency and intensity of high-temperature stress (HS) events in terrestrial ecosystems, impacting both carbon sequestration through photosynthesis and carbon emissions through respiration. However, the net effect of HS on ecosystem carbon balance remains unclear. This study identifies, global HS thresholds for gross primary productivity (GPP) and terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) using a novel impact-based approach (i.e., high-temperature severely limits and adversely affects photosynthesis and respiration). We found that GPP is more susceptible to HS than TER, with HS-driven carbon emission reductions not being sufficient to offset the carbon sequestration losses in recent decades (observations and CMIP6 show offsets of only 30% and 47%, respectively). Projected future scenarios show contrasting outcomes: under SSP1-2.6, HS events are expected to decrease in frequency and intensity relative to historical levels, yet total net carbon sequestration reduction due to HS is projected to be twice that under SSP5-8.5. These findings highlight the urgency of optimal climate adaptation strategies.
Estimating temporal likelihood of archaeological sites in prehistoric Denmark combining typochronological and radiocarbon data
Authors: Bilotti Giacomo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The surge in data availability and methodological advancements over the last decades has enabled archaeologists to develop more robust data-driven models, which are essential for reconstructing ancient human history. However, despite their potential, these datasets pose significant challenges due to their heterogeneity and inherent uncertainties. A common limitation is the low chronological resolution of many datasets, which often compels archaeologists to rely on proxies such as radiocarbon date frequency distributions to study variations in occupation intensity. While this approach is widely used, it necessitates a large number of radiocarbon samples to construct probability curves, leading to a considerable loss of spatial resolution. To address these challenges, I propose a novel method that combines typochronological and radiocarbon datasets, preserving both temporal and spatial resolution while accounting for uncertainty. Each relatively dated site is assigned a simulated calendar date within its chronological span, based on the cumulative probability distribution of locally available radiocarbon data. The results are grouped into uniform time windows, with each site assigned a likelihood of belonging to each time period. The efficacy and functionality of the method are demonstrated using toy data, with the results compared to outputs from alternative methods. Finally, the method is applied to four case studies from prehistoric Denmark (4000 − 500 BC), showcasing its potential in addressing long-standing challenges in archaeological modelling. The results show that despite the known global trends, local variation is observed in the four different sub-regions considered.
A five-stage protocol for systematic measuring and monitoring soil carbon and greenhouse gas fluxes in complex estates
Authors: Zani Caio Fernandes , Barneze Arlete S. , Manning David A. C. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Plant-soil interactions are critical in governing soil carbon (C) stocks and greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, but they vary significantly across land uses, soil types, and soil management practices. Finding potential intervention that could enhance soil C and GHG fluxes relies on reliable baseline data that capture these variations. Complex estates, characterised by such heterogeneous conditions, require standardised protocols to ensure reproducibility and comparability across sites.
Methods
This study introduces a five-stage protocol for systematically measuring and monitoring soil C stocks (including organic and inorganic forms) and GHG fluxes. The protocol is designed for "Time-Zero" (T = 0) baseline assessments and the strategic selection of monitoring sites for long-term soil sampling and GHG flux measurements. The approach was tested at RAF Leeming (Yorkshire, UK), a estate with varied land uses, soil types, and management practices.
Results
The protocol provides a rigorous, reproducible and adaptable framework for obtaining robust baseline data. It facilitates the quantification of soil C and GHG fluxes, while it can guide site-specific interventions, ensuring that aspects such as plant and soil interactions are considered for comparability purposes. Its design is scalable, with applications extending to urban areas, military installations, airports, and other managed estates.
Conclusions
The proposed protocol enables standardised, transparent soil C and GHG monitoring to meet internationally accepted standards. We advocate for its broad implementation across estates with varying land uses and soil characteristics to support sustainable soil management and climate mitigation efforts.
The Evolution of Consumer Emotions in Response to Rhetorical Strategies in Corporate Social Responsibility Advertising: Evidence from Chinese Social Networks Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: wang jianguo , sun xixiang , zhang wei , jia yige , li you 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

In the post-pandemic era, the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) advertising and consumer emotions has become a significant research focus within the CSR field. This study employs the BERTopic model and SnowNLP sentiment analysis, utilizing the Python 3.10 system to mine data from Weibo, to deeply explore how rhetorical themes in text affect the relationship between CSR advertising and consumer emotions. The findings reveal that: (1) CSR advertising has shifted from declarative expressions to pun-based rhetorical themes, with puns becoming the primary communication strategy; (2) Influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, the context created by CSR advertising has gradually shifted from urging immediate consumption behaviors in the "present" to advocating that current actions can have a positive impact on the "future"; (3) Consumers show a strong enthusiasm and interest in CSR advertisements that use puns for marketing communication, far exceeding that for other rhetorical strategies.
Intelligent Identification Analysis and Process Design for Highly Similar Categories- Using Platycerium as an Example
Authors: Chen Li-Wei , Lin Wei-Lun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study addresses the challenges of image recognition in datasets with high inter-class similarity, using 18 native species of Platycerium as a case study. Due to the substantial visual similarities within the dataset, initial training using the ResNet50 model yielded a baseline accuracy of less than 10%, highlighting the complexity of the task. To address this, a comprehensive analysis was conducted using multidimensional confusion matrices, identifying seven primary confusion factors, including image edges, textures, and shapes. The dataset was then stratified into processed images, optimized for confusion factors such as saturation, brightness, and sharpening, and unprocessed original images. Besides, a refinement process is also proposed to discover ambiguous classes and further processes are also performed, which resulted in significant improvements in recognition accuracy, demonstrating the efficacy of confusion factor analysis in enhancing model performance. The findings underscore the importance of feature selection and grouped analysis in recognizing highly similar images. By systematically addressing confusion factors, this study offers a robust framework for optimizing recognition accuracy in challenging datasets, providing valuable insights and strategies for advancing image recognition technologies.
Feature-Driven Malware Detection using Cascade Machine Learning Models
Authors: Mahato Anisha , Majumdar Rana , Ghosh Swarup Kr 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Malware proliferation continues to jeopardize global data security and user privacy, necessitating robust detection and classification mechanisms. In this research, we propose Malware Detection using Cascade Machine Learning (MDCML) classifier designed to detect anomalies in Portable Executable (PE) files and classify them into malware families with high precision. The model integrates three machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Bagging and Boosting, fine-tuned through extensive hyperparameter optimization, significantly enhancing detection and classification performance. To extract features from raw textual data, we have utilized a TF-IDF-based inter-class dispersion architecture, transforming unstructured opcode data into structured feature maps that emphasize contextual importance. The model employs gradient descent with regularization to iteratively minimize the loss function and prevent overfitting, achieving sublinear regret and convergence toward optimal performance.The proposed model is validated using the public Big 2015 dataset, which includes approximately 10,000 files spanning nine malware families. The study included comprehensive experimentation on both binary classification (Malware vs. Benign) and multi-class classification tasks. Performance was evaluated across diverse sample sizes, execution times, and optimization strategies to ensure robust analysis. An accuracy of 98.97% highlights the superior performance of the proposed framework over traditional machine learning models, showcasing significant advancements. This research underscores the concept of the hybrid MDCML classifier in improving malware detection and classification, thereby enhancing data security and privacy.
MCMC Approach for Orbit Determination of Visual Binaries
Authors: Nouh Mohamed I. , El-Essawy Samah H. , Soliman Ahmed A. , Abdel-Rahman Helal I. , Abd-Elmougod Gamal A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

A key component of astrophysics study is determining visual binary orbits, which allows for accurate measurements of star masses and provides information on the mass-luminosity relationship. Conventional orbit determination techniques like Kowalsky's method and Thiele-Innes elements sometimes have trouble processing sparse or noisy data. To tackle these issues, this work presents a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework, which provides a reliable and probabilistic method for orbital parameter refinement. The process combines statistical probability assessments with iterative sampling to solve Kepler's equation and calculate ephemerides. Two test orbits with different eccentricities and inclinations were used to verify the framework, showing that it effectively lowered errors and closely matched observational data. The findings demonstrate the versatility of the MCMC approach, its accuracy in orbit refining, and possible use in more complex star systems, such as circumbinary planets and hierarchical triples.
Analyzing the Influence of Graphene and Print Parameters on Pla-graphene Composites Using the Taguchi Method
Authors: Passari Émerson , Lauermann Carlos H. , Bortoli Tiago J. , Nonemacher Bruno , Silva Luiz F. S. , Kulman Cristiano 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

This study explores the influence of graphene addition on the mechanical behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) filaments fabricated using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), emphasizing the effects of graphene reinforcement and key printing parameters. A Taguchi L32 experimental design was utilized to systematically evaluate the impacts of infill density, layer height, print speed, and print angle on mechanical properties, including yield strength, fracture strength, Young’s modulus, and deformation at yield and break. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified graphene, infill density, and print angle as the most significant factors. Results revealed that the addition of graphene notably enhanced mechanical properties, with yield strength increasing by up to 9.88% (29.7 MPa) and Young’s modulus improving by 10.31% (0.88 GPa). However, graphene addition reduced ductility, as evidenced by lower deformation at break compared to pure PLA. Optimal parameter combinations, such as 30% infill density, 0.2 mm layer height, and 0° print angle, yielded the best mechanical performance. This study uniquely demonstrates the potential of combining graphene reinforcement with optimized print parameters to enhance the strength and stiffness of PLA composites. These findings underscore the viability of graphene-reinforced PLA for industrial applications demanding materials with superior mechanical properties while addressing the trade-off between stiffness and ductility in advanced manufacturing.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Voriconazole in Non-Elderly and Elderly Patients: A prospective Observational Study
Authors: Zhou Li-Juan , He Meng , Li Min , Li Hui-Hong , Zhang Wei , Zhang Kai , Li Ying , Gao Yan-Qiu , Guo Zhi-Qiang , Cheng Long 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole (VCZ) was strongly recommended due to the highly variable drug exposure. The VCZ serum trough concentration (VCZ-Cmin) was affected by multiple factors, which made dosage adjustments more challenging. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the variability of VCZ-Cmin in critically ill elderly patients.
Method
A prospective observational study was conducted at Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, which included 427 elderly patients (aged 60 years and above) and 114 non-elderly patients (aged 18–60 years). The initial VCZ-Cmin, correlation of various factors, and risk prediction factors for VCZ-Cmin and hepatotoxicity were compared between elderly and non-elderly patients.
Results
The Cmin was significantly higher in the elderly group in comparison with the non-elderly group (p < 0.01).Total bilirubin (TBIL), the daily voriconazole (VCZ) dose, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and albumin were correlated with VCZ-Cmin in the elderly group (all p < 0.05). IL-6, the average daily dose, PCT, albumin, VCZ route of administration, and CRP were significant factors influencing VCZ-Cmin in elderly patients (p < 0.05). VCZ-Cmin, albumin, AST, and TBIL exerted a significant effect on hepatotoxicity in elderly patients.
Conclusions
A VCZ individualised dosage in elderly patients should be based on these specific factors before VCZ administration. Furthermore, TDM after starting treatment should be monitored early to avoid hepatotoxicity.