bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
التطبيق القضائي للمعاهدات الدوليّة غير المصادق عليها: تقنياتٌ جديدة
Authors: Abdelli Sofiane 
Published: January 2023

تعالج هذه الدراسة موضوع تطبيق المعاهدات الدولية غير المصادق عليها من قبل المحاكم الوطنية للدول. وركزت في مضمونها على محاولة البحث في التقنيات الجديدة المبتكرة من قبل القضاة الوطنيين في سبيل تطبيقهم للمعاهدات الدولية غير المصادق عليها من قبل دولهم. وتبرز أهمية الدراسة في أنها تتناول فكرة جزئية مهمة قلما تم التطرق إليها في أدبيات القانون الدولي المعاصر، لحداثة الفكرة نسبيا من جهة وانحصار تطبيقها على عدد محدود من المحاكم الوطنية من جهة أخرى.
تهدف الدراسة، بشكل أساسي إلى رصد ممارسات وتطبيقات القضاء الوطني للدول لهذه الفكرة فضلًا عن محاولة البحث عن أساسها القانوني وأهم التقنيات التي استعملها القضاة الوطنيون في سبيل تبرير لجوئهم لإعمال للمعاهدات الدولية غير المصادق عليها من طرف دولهم.
خلصت الدراسة إلى أنه ورغم ما أثاره الفقه من نقاش حول فكرة التطبيق القضائي للمعاهدات الدولية غير المصادق عليها، ومدى مساسه بالاختصاصات الدستوريّة للسلطة التنفيذية في الدولة بل وبسلطات المشرع الوطني في مجال إبرام المعاهدات الدوليّة، إلّا أنه يمكن أن نلمس بحقّ أن توجّه القضاء نحو تعميم هذه الفكرة من شأنـه تعزيز سمو القانوني الدولي الاتفاقي وهو ما سينعكس حتما على توسيع وضمان فعالية قواعد القانون الدولي.
Faktor Luar Kawalan Dalam Penentuan Status Talak Tiga Sekali Lafaz di Mahkamah Syariah
Authors: NASOHAH ZAINI , Abd Shukor Mahfuzah 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRAK
Perceraian melalui lafaz talak tiga dalam satu masa merupakan perkara yang diperselisihkan dikalangan fuqaha. Perbezaan pendapat ini turut mencorakkan keputusan-keputusan mahkamah dalam membuat pengesahan status lafaz talak berkenaan. Selain faktor lafaz sorih dan kinayah, terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang boleh menentukan status lafaz talak tiga sekali lafaz. Makalah ini bertujuan membincangkan kesan faktor-faktor luar kawalan suami yang melafaz talak dalam penentuan status talak tiga sekali lafaz di Mahkamah Syariah. Kajian ini adalah kajian kes menggunakan kaedah analisa kandungan. Data-data yang diperolehi dianalisis secara deskriptif dan perbandingan. Hasil analisis mendapati faktor lain yang dipertimbangkan oleh mahkamah dalam menentukan status kes talak tiga dalam satu lafaz ialah keadaan lafaz talak yang diucapkan dan keadaan suami sebelum, semasa dan selepas melafazkan talak. Ia merangkumi faktor-faktor luar kawalan iaitu sedar, paksaan, hilang pertimbangan, hilang kawalan diri dan kejahilan tentang kesan talak. Faktor-faktor tersebut boleh dibuktikan menerusi sumpah ataupun dokumen perubatan.
PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA SEBAGAI SISTEM KOGNITIF ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Sulastri Made 
Published: January 2023

Abstract : Language is a tool to communicate, through language humans can interact and communicate to express the results of their thoughts. With language, people can open their horizons of thinking and develop their horizons. In addition to the view that language skills are influenced by cognitive abilities, they also have an understanding that children's language skills are obtained from stimuli that come from outside the child. A child who gets a stimulus in language that is not in accordance with the characteristics of their stage of development, then the stimulus can make them lose playing time which results in a sense of boredom in the learning process. Seeing the picture of the problems that are happening right now like the environment, namely parents, teachers and the community must understand and it is necessary to do research on language development as a cognitive system for early childhood. Data collection methods are observation, interview and documentation methods. The results showed that each child's language development is closely related to the potential and characteristics of children's cognitive development at an early age. The child's cognitive level can be seen from the child's language behavior, the more proficient the child is in language, the higher the child's cognitive level.Keywords: Language, cognitive, early childhood Abstrak : Bahasa merupakan alat untuk berkomunikasi, melalui bahasa manusia dapat berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi untuk mengemukakan hasil pemikirannya. Dengan bahasa orang dapat membuka cakrawala berfikir dan mengembangkan wawasannya. Pandangan selain kemampuan berbahasa dipengaruhi oleh kemampuan kognitif, mereka juga memiliki pemahaman bahwa kemampuan bahasa anak didapat dari stimulus-stimulus yang berasal dari luar diri anak. Seorang anak yang mendapatkan stimulus dalam berbahasa yang tidak sesuai dengan karakteristik tahap perkembangan mereka, maka stimulus tersebut dapat membuat mereka kehilangan masa bermain yang berakibat timbulnya rasa kejenuhan pada proses belajar. Melihat gambaran masalah yang terjadi saat ini selayaknya lingkungan yaitu orang tua, guru dan masyarakat harus memahami dan perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang perkembangan Bahasa sebagai system kognitif anak usia dini. Metode pengumpulan data yaitu metode observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap anak perkembangan bahasanya sangat berkaitan erat dengan potensi dan karakteristik perkembangan kognitif anak pada usia dini. Tingkat kognitif anak dapat terlihat dari perilaku berbahasa anak, semakin cakap anak dalam berbahasa maka semakin tinggi pula tingkat kognitif anak.Kata kunci : Bahasa, kognitif, anak usia dini
IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN NON FORMAL
Authors: Yani Ahmad 
Published: January 2023

Merdeka belajar merupakan program pemerintah dalam bidang pendidikan untuk menumbuhkan pola belajar merdeka berpikir, merdeka berinovasi sehingga mendorong peserta didik untuk mempunyai motivasi didalamnya untuk terus belajar dalam konsep Pendidikan non formal sederhana sesuai kebutuhannya. Implementasi program merdeka belajar diharapkan mampu menjawab kebutuhan peserta didik dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran sesuai minat, bakatnya untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik yang sesuai dengan nilai-nilai Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan matriks data sekunder, dokumentasi kemudian dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan kesimpulan.Dalam lingkup Pendidikan non formal program merdeka belajar berfungsi mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki peserta didik dari tingkat dasar seperti literasi dan numerasi sampai tingkat lanjut dengan melaksanakan program unggulan dengan satu tujuan yaitu memberikan kesempatan belajar seluas-luasnya, sebebas-bebasnya untuk belajar sehingga dengan sendirinya motivasi dalam dirinya akan terbentuk melalui kegiatan merdeka berpikir, gembira, tanpa tekanan dalam belajar sehingga peserta didik mempunyai kemampuan, skill, pengetahuan sesuai dengan keinginan dan cita-citanya dalam bingkai Pendidikan non formal yang sesuai dengan kebutuhannya.Kata Kunci: Merdeka Belajar, Pendidikan Non Formal
Management Information System Web-Base on Blood Donation Service
Authors: Suartini Sri , Ikhwan Ali 
Published: January 2023

Blood donation is an activity of sharing blood from a person to others in need. This activity was carried out because of the large number of patients in the hospital who needed blood for their illness. The amount of blood needed is not proportional to the amount of blood stock in the hospital, so it is deficient and requires a lot of blood from donors. The scarcity of blood stocks does not occur only in hospitals but also in PMI (Indonesian Red Cross) so that patients or families have difficulty finding blood to meet the needs of patients. The method used in these crisis conditions is to contact a few random people, or create information on personal social media about who can donate blood. This method is less efficient and effective because the data of potential donors is often also not qualified and data collection is also still done manually by the blood transfusion unit. Information technology is one of the solutions in providing information and data collection as well as management in the blood transfusion unit PMI Deli Serdang. In this case the R&D method ( Research And Development) can help develop a management information system to collect data in blood donation services at PMI Deli Serdang.
Determination of qualified human resources using the ANFIS method
Authors: Amri Ahmad Alfauzan , Roshan Rohit , Ananda Debby , Tarigan Richard Fernando , Wong Yano Sabar M , Turnip Mardi 
Published: January 2023

To improve the quality of education is very closely related to the problem of human resources. One of the main key in creating professional human resource lies in the recruitment process, workforce selection and training. Finding a professional and qualified workforce is not easy and a must in an organization or university in screening new employees or lecturers. Therefore we need a system for organizations and universities to be able to get the right people, qualified and placed according to their abilities. This research was conducted using quantitative descriptive research methods and data collection methods in the form of questionnaires and using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). From the results of testing the data this algorithm shows a data accuracy rate of 77 percent
Keywords: HR, ANFIS, questionnaire, quantitative description
Demokrati på erhvervsuddannelser med afsæt i social- og sundhedsuddannelser
Authors: Duch Henriette , Kidde Skov Tobias 
Published: January 2023

Since the year 2000, the Danish vocational education and training institutions have been legally required to include the educational objective of educating the students to participate in democracy. We examine the implementation of the requirement from a student perspective, through interviews with twelve newcomers at a social and health care college. Our focus is the student experience in school and their expectations for their working life.

With the theoretical approach of John Dewey’s philosophy on democracy and education we find a diversity among students. Some students are very active and express their opinions while others choose to be reluctant in public. In social science, the students learn about representative democracy but democracy as a social practice is limited in other subjects and in the classroom. However, the teachers’ role seems important for the students’ courage to speak up. The article concludes that some students might be in risk of exclusion of democracy, and we suggest more research in didactical approaches to address this.
Formation conditions of natural gas fields in the lacustrine basin in eastern China: Insights into the first discovery within the Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Xue Yongan , Yang Haifeng , Xu Peng , Xiao Shuguang 
Published: January 2023

The hydrocarbon source of Bohai Bay Basin is dominated by oil-prone kerogens of type II2-II1 within semi-deep and deep lacustrine facies. In the Neogene period, faults were well-developed via significant structural activity. The Bohai Sea is generally considered to have no geological basis for the formation of large natural gas fields. Through analogous analysis of domestic and international gas fields, the key geological factors that restrict formation in continental rift lacustrine basins were studied, including gas source, preservation conditions, and reservoirs. A natural gas enrichment and accumulation model within a petroliferous basin is presented. The model indicates that rapid subsidence and high-intensity gas generation within petroliferous sags during the late stages were main contributors to natural gas field formation. Archean metamorphic buried hill reservoirs and thick, overpressure mudstone with strong vertical sealing ability provided favorable storage space and preservation, respectively. Using the model, an integrated Archaean metamorphic buried hill condensate gas reservoir, Bozhong 19–6, was discovered in the Bohai Bay Basin. The natural gas reserves are about 450×109 m3, equivalent to oil production of 800 ×106 m3, and signify a breakthrough in natural gas exploration of continental rift lacustrine basins in China.
Coseismic and early postseismic deformation of the 2020 Nima Mw 6.4 earthquake, central Tibet, from InSAR and GNSS observations
Authors: Liu Xiaoli , Xia Tao , Liu-Zeng Jing , Deng Debeier , Jia Zhige , Wang Peng , Yu Pengfei , Wang Wenqing 
Published: January 2023

The 2020 Mw6.4 Nima earthquake is one of the largest normal-faulting earthquakes recently occurring north of the Banggong suture zone in remote central Tibet, where geologic investigation of active faults is extremely limited. We analyze jointly InSAR and GNSS observations over 9 months after the Nima earthquake and calculate the coseismic and postseismic displacement. The optimal coseismic slip model suggests this event is the result of moderate-angle down-dip slip on a complex reversed “S-shape” three-segmented structure at fault junctions of the West Yibu-Chaka fault, the Heishi fault, and an unmapped blind fault, with a small component of left-lateral slip. The superposition of seismic waves from faults with different strikes and dips accounted for a large non-double-couple component in the long-period point-source solutions. The geodetic moment released by the mainshock is 6.4 × 1018 N⋅m, equivalent to Mw 6.42. Coseismic rupture concentrated at a depth of 4–15 km, with a peak slip of 1.36 m at 8.5 km depth. The cumulative afterslip moment within 9 months after the mainshock is 1 × 1018 N m, about 15.6% of that released by the mainshock coseismic slip. The afterslips contributed largely to the release of additional strain energy. In addition, shallow creep on the northern part of the blind fault, and deep uplift on the east normal fault system are promoted by stress perturbations. A significant proportion of down-dip coseismic slip spreading to more than 20 km beneath the surface, and deep up-slip afterslip have implications for the rheology of down-dip extension of the dipping faults in northern Tibet. Two obvious stress loading zones of more than 1 bar highlight seismic hazards in the region, especially in the junction between normal faults and ends of the large-size sinistral Riganpei-Co and Jiangai-Zangbu faults. It is necessary to forecast accurately by longer-term afterslip observation over timescales of years for the faults. Compared with previous studies, our results suggest a more complex subsurface fault geometry linking the normal and strike-slip faults and dynamic stress adjustment in this poorly-known region of Tibet.
Investigation of wind characteristics of typhoon boundary layer through field experiments and CFD simulations
Authors: Li Tiantian , Qu Hongya , Tang Shengming , Tang Jie , Yan Jiaming , Lin Limin , Li YongPing , Yang Yuhua 
Published: January 2023

High-resolution observations of typhoon boundary layer above 100 m are rare as traditional wind towers are generally below 100 m, which limits the study of typhoon boundary layer and engineering applications such as wind-resistant design of tall buildings and wind turbines in typhoon-prone regions. In this study, boundary layer winds of super typhoon Lekima (2019) are observed, simulated and analyzed. Together with traditional wind tower, Doppler wind lidar is utilized for observations of typhoon boundary layer in order to obtain measured data above 100 m. Besides, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation based on Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method is conducted to further investigate the impact of complex terrain on the near-surface wind characteristics. The results show that the power law fits the mean wind speed profile well below 100 m. However, before and after the typhoon lands, a local reverse or low-level jet occurs in the mean wind speed profile at the height of 100–300 m, which cannot be depicted by the power law. Meanwhile, the turbulence intensity increases with height and experiences larger fluctuations. In addition, there is a significant negative correlation between the ground elevation and power exponents of the fitted mean wind speed profiles. This study provides useful information to better understand wind characteristics of the typhoon boundary layer.
Stability analysis and numerical simulation of foundation in old goaf under building load
Authors: Zhang Xiangdong , Li Wenliang , Li Tianyu , Li Zong , Cai Guanjun , Shen Zhen , Li Rantong 
Published: January 2023

This study comprehensively analyzes the safety and stability of old goaf under construction engineering based on specific projects using a variety of research methods. The Beijing Mentougou mining area is used as the research background. The methods of field investigation, laboratory testing, engineering drilling, geophysical exploration, theoretical calculation, and numerical simulation are combined to quantitatively analyze the stability of the foundation and ground buildings in old goaf. The influence depth of the building load and height of the caving crack zone are calculated using the “three-zone theory” to judge if the goaf is at risk of activation. Further simulation is conducted using two types of finite element analysis software, which increases the reliability of the numerical analysis. The results demonstrate that uneven subsidence of approximately 100 mm occurs in the buildings and ground surface, and subsidence of approximately 50 mm occurs in the goaf roof. It is also proven that goaf affects the stability of the surrounding rock and building foundation. Finally, a goaf treatment scheme is proposed. The treatment effect is found to be remarkable through field tests and numerical simulations, ensuring the safety and stability of a building foundation. The combination of theoretical calculation and numerical simulation can effectively evaluate the safety and stability of the project under load, and has a strong promotion and application value. The research results meet the needs of engineering practice, and provide a great reference value for the rational utilization of the land above the old goaf in the Mentougou district of Beijing and similar mining cities, which has a good theoretical significance and application prospect.
Genome-wide association mapping of bread wheat genotypes using yield and grain morphology-related traits under different environments
Authors: Ahmed Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din , Zeng Yawen , Khan Muhammad Ahsan , Rashid Muhammad Abdul Rehman , Ameen Muhammad , Akrem Ahmed , Saeed Amjad 
Published: January 2023

Depleting water resources and increasing global temperature due to climate change are major challenges to agriculture and food security worldwide. Deciphering the underlying mechanisms of traits contributing to grain development and yield is essential for the development of climate-resilient cultivars. Therefore, this study assessed 105 bread wheat genotypes grown under control, drought, and heat-stress conditions for two crop seasons and performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a 90k SNP array. The genotypes showed significant trait differences under all environmental conditions. Highly significant variation was observed, with moderate (50.09%) to high (76.19%) heritability in the studied germplasms. The studied traits were all also significantly positively correlated. A total of 541 significant associations (p ≤ 10−3) between marker and trait (MTAs) were observed after crossing the FDR &lt;0.05 threshold for all traits. Among these, 195, 179, and 167 significant MTAs were detected under control, drought, and heat-stress conditions, respectively. Under the control and drought conditions, pleiotropic loci BS00010616_51 and BS00010868_51 were observed on chromosomes 7B and 1B situated at 186.24 cM and 35.47 cM, respectively. Pleiotropic loci BS00010868_51, Kukri_c11154_1723, and Ex_c10068_1509 were identified on chromosomes 1B, 5B, and 2A, respectively, under control and heat stress conditions. A stable and consistent locus (Excalibur_c20796_395) on chromosome 7A, located at 372.34 cM, was also linked to grain morphology and yield-related attributes in control, drought, and heat-stress conditions. The results of the current study confirmed several previously reported MTAs for the traits under consideration and identified new MTAs under harsh climatic conditions. These SNPs will aid in the discovery of novel genes in wheat. SNPs showing significant associations may be used in marker-assisted selection and allow the development of drought- and heat-tolerant genotypes with high yields to address global food security concerns.
Numerical simulation study on suppression effect of water mist on PMMA combustion under external radiant heat flux
Authors: Zhao Lanming , Cao Dongxu , Chen Yong , Liu Hanru , You Tianchi , Li Caoyue , Zhang Hongming 
Published: January 2023

Numerical model was built with fire dynamic simulator and theocratical simulation was carried out to investigate the suppression effect of water mist on ignition and combustion process of typical solid material polymethyl methacrylate under external radiant heat flux. Characteristic parameters such as ignition time, surface temperature, heat release rate and temperature distribution of flame central plane during ignition and combustion process under different thermal radiant fluxes were obtained and compared with experimental results. The suppression effect of spray droplets on ignition and combustion process was analyzed and discussed. The results show the theoretical calculations of combustion characteristic parameters are in good agreement with experimental measurements. Water mist droplets can effectively delay the ignition time. Quantitative data proves that the water mist flow rate at 0.9 L/(min·m2) can delay the ignition time of samples by about 1,100 s while the radiant heat flux is 50 kW/m2. The simulation results can provide theoretical support and data reference for typical solid material fire prevention and fire extinguishment in practice.
An enhanced genetic mutation-based model for predicting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with melanoma
Authors: Pan Chaohu , Tang Hongzhen , Wang Wei , Wu Dongfang , Luo Haitao , Xu Libin , Lin Xue-Jia 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundProgrammed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and tumor mutation burden (TMB) have been developed as biomarkers for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, some patients who are TMB-high or PD-L1-high remained resistant to ICIs therapy. Therefore, a more clinically applicable and effective model for predicting the efficacy of ICIs is urgently needed.MethodsIn this study, genomic data for 466 patients with melanoma treated with ICIs from seven independent cohorts were collected and used as training and validation cohorts (training cohort n = 300, validation cohort1 n = 61, validation cohort2 n = 105). Ten machine learning classifiers, including Random Forest classifier, Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) classifier and Linear Support Vector Classifier (SVC), were subsequently evaluated. ResultsThe Linear SVC with a 186-gene mutation-based set was screened to construct the durable clinical benefit (DCB) model. Patients predicted to have DCB (pDCB) were associated with a better response to the treatment of ICIs in the validation cohort1 (AUC=0.838) and cohort2 (AUC=0.993). Compared with TMB and other reported genetic mutation-based signatures, the DCB model showed greater predictive power. Furthermore, we explored the genomic features in determining the benefits of ICIs treatment and found that patients with pDCB were associated with higher tumor immunogenicity. ConclusionThe DCB model constructed in this study can effectively predict the efficacy of ICIs treatment in patients with melanoma, which will be helpful for clinical decision-making.