bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do we PI? Results of an EAST quality, patient safety, and outcomes survey
Authors: Horwitz Daniel , Dumas Ryan Peter , Cunningham Kyle , Palacio Carlos H , Margulies Daniel R , Eme Christine , Bukur Marko 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundQuality improvement is a cornerstone for any verified trauma center. Conducting effective quality and performance improvement, however, remains a challenge. In this study, we sought to better explore the landscape and challenges facing the members of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (EAST) through a survey.MethodsA survey was designed by the EAST Quality Patient Safety and Outcomes Committee. It was reviewed by the EAST Research and Scholarship Committee and then distributed to 2511 EAST members. The questions were designed to understand the frequency, content, and perceptions surrounding quality improvement processes.ResultsThere were 151 respondents of the 2511 surveys sent (6.0%). The majority were trauma faculty (55%) or trauma medical directors (TMDs) (37%) at American College of Surgeons level I (62%) or II (17%) trauma centers. We found a wide variety of resources being used across hospitals with the majority of cases being identified by a TMD or attending (81%) for a multidisciplinary peer review (70.2%). There was a statistically significant difference in the perception of the effectiveness of the quality improvement process with TMDs being more likely to describe their process as moderately or very effective compared with their peers (77.5% vs. 57.7%, p=0.026). The ‘Just Culture’ model appeared to have a positive effect on the process improvement environment, with providers less likely to report a non-conducive environment (10.9% vs. 27.6%, p=0.012) and less feelings of assigning blame (3.1% vs. 13.8%, p=0.026).ConclusionCase review remains an essential but challenging process. Our survey reveals a need to continue to advocate for appropriate time and resources to conduct strong quality improvement processes.Level of evidenceEpidemiological study, level III.
Noether symmetry analysis in scalar tensor cosmology: a study of classical and quantum cosmology
Authors: Laya Dipankar , Bhaumik Roshni , Chakraborty Subenoy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present work deals with a complex scalar field in scalar tensor gravity theory in the background of spatially flat Friedmann–Lema$${\hat{i}}$$

i
^

tre–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) geometry. Noether symmetry analysis has been used to determine the classical cosmological solution of a scalar field in scalar–tensor theory with the scalar field as a nonminimally coupled complex field. Noether symmetry analysis is not only used to find a symmetry vector and potential but also it helps in finding an appropriate transformation $$(a,~\phi ,~\theta )\rightarrow (u,~v,~\theta )$$

(
a
,

ϕ
,

θ
)
→
(
u
,

v
,

θ
)

in the augmented space so that one of the new variables becomes cyclic. In quantum cosmology, the Wheeler–DeWitt (WD) equation has been formed in the minisuperspace and its solution i.e. the wave function of the universe has been evaluated by using the operator version of the conserved (Noether) charge. Finally, the nature of the classical solution has been discussed from the observational point of view and the cosmological singularity has been examined both classically and quantum mechanically.
Physics implication from higher weak isospin decomposition
Authors: Van Dong Phung , Van Loi Duong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe $$SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$$

S
U

(
3
)

L

⊗
U

(
1
)

X

symmetry actually studied is directly broken to the electroweak symmetry $$SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_Y$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

⊗
U

(
1
)

Y

by a Higgs triplet, predicting a relevant new physics at TeV scale. This work argues, by contrast, that the higher weak isospin $$SU(3)_L$$

S
U

(
3
)

L

might be broken at a high energy scale, much beyond 1 TeV, by a Higgs octet to an intermediate symmetry $$SU(2)_L\otimes U(1)_{T_8}$$

S
U

(
2
)

L

⊗
U

(
1
)

T
8

at TeV, before the latter $$U(1)_{T_8}$$

U

(
1
)

T
8

recombined with $$U(1)_X$$

U

(
1
)

X

defines (i.e., broken to) $$U(1)_Y$$

U

(
1
)

Y

by a Higgs singlet. The new physics coupled to $$SU(3)_L$$

S
U

(
3
)

L

breaking phase is decoupled, whereas what remains is a novel family-nonuniversal abelian model, $$U(1)_{T_8}\otimes U(1)_X$$

U

(
1
)

T
8

⊗
U

(
1
)

X

, significantly overhauling the standard model as well as yielding consistent results for neutrino mass, dark matter, W-mass anomaly, and FCNC, differently from the usual 3-3-1 model.
Charged particle dynamics in black hole split monopole magnetosphere
Authors: Khan Saeed Ullah , Chen Zhi-Min 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article examines particle dynamics and acceleration in the magnetic Penrose process (MPP) around Kerr black hole (BH) in a split monopole magnetic field. The characteristics of charged particle motion around magnetized BHs reveal four differen feasible regimes of ionized Keplerian disk behaviour: survival in regular epicyclic motion; changing into a chaotic toroidal state; collapse due to escaping along magnetic field lines and collapse due to falling into the BHs. By making use of the effective potential, we have investigated the position of stable circular orbits for both in- and off-equatorial planes. We observed that the positive magnetic field $${{\mathcal {P}}}>0$$

P
>
0

increases the stability of effective potential, whereas $${{\mathcal {P}}}<0$$

P
<
0

diminishes its stability. We show that ultra-efficient energy extraction from spinning supermassive BH controlled by the MPP can pay the bill. We anticipate neutral particle ionization, such as neutron beta-decay, edging closer to the BH horizon, charging protons to more than $$10^{20}$$

10
20

eV for a supermassive BH of mass $$10^9M_{\odot }$$

10
9

M
⊙

and a magnetic field of strength $$10^4$$

10
4

G.
Stochastic and corpuscular theory of (polarized) light
Authors: Procházka Jiří 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBoth the corpuscular theory of light and the theory of stochastic processes are well known in the literature. However, they are not systematically used together for description of optical phenomena. There are optical phenomena, such as the well-known three-polarizer experiment or other phenomena related to polarization of light, which have never been quantitatively and qualitatively explained using the concept of quantum of light (photon). The situation changed in 2022 when stochastic memoryless and independent (IM) process formulated within the framework of the theory of stochastic processes was introduced. It is suitable for determination of probability (density) functions characterizing interaction (transmission or reflection) of individual photons with optical elements on the basis of experimental data. The process has memoryless (Markov) property, and it is assumed that the interactions of individual photons with an optical system are independent. Formulae needed for analysis of data in the context of polarization of light are derived. An example analysis of the three-polarizer experiment is performed and numerical result of the probability (density) functions are determined. These original results were missing in the literature. The results imply that the possibilities of the corpuscular theory of light to describe optical phenomena can be significantly extended with the help of stochastic IM process and the theory of stochastic processes in general.
Dynamics of MHD Casson fluid in non-Darcy porous medium: The impact of thermal radiation, Dufour–Soret, and chemical reaction
Authors: Sharma Kushal , Kumar Laltesh , Singh Atar , Kumar Joshi Vimal 
Published: August 2023

In this research, the dynamics of MHD Casson fluid flow has been discussed in the presence of non-Darcy Forchheimer porous medium. The investigation is focused on how thermal radiation, Soret–Dufour, and chemical reactions affect the incompressible Casson flow in a non-Darcy Forchheimer porous medium, taking account of pressure force. The mathematical model of the system is solved using the finite difference scheme followed by the shooting technique with bvp4c tool in MATLAB. The effects of physical parameters on velocity and transport (heat and mass) profile are illustrated through graphs. From the results, it is observed that Soret effect reduces the thermal boundary layer thickness which leads to the asymptotic increase in heat dissipation. The findings of the study on MHD Casson fluid model considering the non-Darcy Forchheimer porous medium are useful in engineering and science areas such as chemical machinery systems, geophysics, etc.
The Genetic, Pharmacogenomic, and Immune Landscapes Associated with Protein Expression across Human Cancers
Authors: Chen Chengxuan , Liu Yuan , Li Qiang , Zhang Zhao , Luo Mei , Liu Yaoming , Han Leng 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Proteomics is a powerful approach that can rapidly enhance our understanding of cancer development. Detailed characterization of the genetic, pharmacogenomic, and immune landscape in relation to protein expression in patients with cancer could provide new insights into the functional roles of proteins in cancer. By taking advantage of the genotype data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and protein expression data from The Cancer Proteome Atlas, we characterized the effects of genetic variants on protein expression across 31 cancer types and identified approximately 100,000 protein quantitative trait loci (pQTL). Among these, over 8000 pQTLs were associated with patient overall survival. Furthermore, characterization of the impact of protein expression on more than 350 imputed anticancer drug responses in patients revealed nearly 230,000 significant associations. In addition, approximately 21,000 significant associations were identified between protein expression and immune cell abundance. Finally, a user-friendly data portal, GPIP (https://hanlaboratory.com/GPIP), was developed featuring multiple modules that enable researchers to explore, visualize, and browse multidimensional data. This detailed analysis reveals the associations between the proteomic landscape and genetic variation, patient outcome, the immune microenvironment, and drug response across cancer types, providing a resource that may offer valuable clinical insights and encourage further functional investigations of proteins in cancer.

Significance:
Comprehensive characterization of the relationship between protein expression and the genetic, pharmacogenomic, and immune landscape of tumors across cancer types provides a foundation for investigating the role of protein expression in cancer development and treatment.
Protein Exaptation by Endogenous Retroviral Elements Shapes Tumor Cell Senescence and Downstream Immune Signaling
Authors: Walker Reddick R. , Chiappinelli Katherine B. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Cancer cell senescence in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is associated with a poor response to chemotherapies and immunotherapies due to promotion of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This environment is shaped by the senescence-associated secretory pathway, which recruits suppressive immune cell populations. In a recent study, Attig and colleagues identified a transcription factor–activated molecular switch that circumvents cellular senescence through increased expression of the calbindin protein. A human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) sequence upstream of the calbindin gene, CALB1, promotes the transcription of an HERVH-CALB1 transcript through a splice event at the third CALB1 exon in a process known as protein exaptation. The KLF5 transcription factor mediates this transcriptional activity by binding at the HERVH sequence, subsequently initiating the chimeric HERVH-CALB1 transcription. This increased expression of calbindin reduces CXCL8 chemokine production and downstream neutrophil recruitment in LUSC tumor cells. CALB1 exaptation by HERVH is one example by which endogenous retroelements (ERE) regulate immunity in human cancers, highlighting the emerging role of EREs in tumor immunity.
Whole-genome CpG-resolution DNA Methylation Profiling of HNSCC Reveals Distinct Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis for Fine-scale HPV+ Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Qin Tingting , Li Shiting , Henry Leanne E. , Chou Elysia , Cavalcante Raymond G. , Garb Bailey F. , D'Silva Nisha J. , Rozek Laura S. , Sartor Maureen A. 
Published: August 2023

DNA methylation is a vital early step in carcinogenesis. Most findings of aberrant DNA methylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are array based with limited coverage and resolution, and mainly explored by human papillomavirus (HPV) status, ignoring the high heterogeneity of this disease. In this study, we performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing on a well-studied HNSCC cohort (n = 36) and investigated the methylation changes between fine-scaled HNSCC subtypes in relation to genomic instability, repetitive elements, gene expression, and key carcinogenic pathways. The previously observed hypermethylation phenotype in HPV-positive (HPV+) tumors compared with HPV-negative tumors was robustly present in the immune-strong (IMU) HPV+ subtype but absent in the highly keratinized (KRT) HPV+ subtype. Methylation levels of IMU tumors were significantly higher in repetitive elements, and methylation showed a significant correlation with genomic stability, consistent with the IMU subtype having more genomic stability and better prognosis. Expression quantitative trait methylation (cis-eQTM) analysis revealed extensive functionally-relevant differences, and differential methylation pathway analysis recapitulated gene expression pathway differences between subtypes. Consistent with their characteristics, KRT and HPV-negative tumors had high regulatory potential for multiple regulators of keratinocyte differentiation, which positively correlated with an expression-based keratinization score. Together, our findings revealed distinct mechanisms of carcinogenesis between subtypes in HPV+ HNSCC and uncovered previously ignored epigenomic differences and clinical implications, illustrating the importance of fine-scale subtype analysis in cancer.

Significance:
This study revealed that the previously observed hypermethylation of HPV(+) HNSCC is due solely to the IMU subtype, illustrating the importance of fine-scale subtype analysis in such a heterogeneous disease. Particularly, IMU has significantly higher methylation of transposable elements, which can be tested as a prognosis biomarker in future translational studies.
Health and Well‐Being in Older Adults With a Surgically Closed or an Unrepaired Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Maagaard Marie , Eckerström Filip , Schram Anne‐Sif Lund , Jensen Heidi Amalie Rosendahl , Hjortdal Vibeke 
Published: August 2023

Background
Older adults with a congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) recently exhibited reduced heart rate variability and exercise capacity. It is unknown whether these findings affect health‐related quality of life.

Methods and Results

Adults with VSDs and healthy controls, all concurrently included as part of another clinical study, completed the Danish National Health Survey questionnaire. Questionnaire data distributed to the general population were included and matched 10:1 with patients. Thirty patients with surgically closed VSDs (mean±SD age, 51±8 years), 300 adults from the general population (mean±SD age, 50±8 years), and 30 controls (mean±SD age, 51±9 years), as well as 30 patients with unrepaired VSDs (mean±SD age, 55±11 years), 300 adults from the general population (mean±SD age, 55±12 years), and 30 controls (mean±SD age, 55±10 years) completed the questionnaire. Educational level, social relations, and physical activity were comparable between groups. A larger proportion of patients with unrepaired VSDs compared with the general population experienced migraine (47% versus 24%;
P
=0.04), whereas more patients with surgically closed VSDs were affected by depression (13% versus 4%;
P
=0.02). For health‐related quality of life, patients with surgically closed VSDs reported lower physical functioning (
P
<0.01), physical component summary (
P
<0.01), general health perception (
P
<0.01), and higher stress score (
P
=0.03) compared with the general population and healthy controls. Patients with unrepaired VSDs reported lower scores on physical functioning (
P
=0.03), bodily pain (
P
<0.01), and mental health (
P
=0.02), and a higher stress score (
P
=0.03), than controls.

Conclusions
Older patients with VSDs report lower self‐perceived physical functioning, lower general health, and higher stress levels, all in line with previous findings, like lower exercise capacity and dysfunctional cognitive abilities, in adults with VSDs. Incessant follow‐up is paramount, as neither successfully closed nor hemodynamically insignificant VSD is equivalent with untroubled healthy aging.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03684161.
Protein Biomarkers of Early Menopause and Incident Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ramirez Mariana F. , Honigberg Michael , Wang Dongyu , Parekh Juhi K. , Bielawski Kamila , Courchesne Paul , Larson Martin D. , Levy Daniel , Murabito Joanne M. , Ho Jennifer E. , Lau Emily S. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Premature and early menopause are independently associated with greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, mechanisms linking age of menopause with CVD remain poorly characterized.

Methods and Results

We measured 71 circulating CVD protein biomarkers in 1565 postmenopausal women enrolled in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study). We examined the association of early menopause with biomarkers and tested whether early menopause modified the association of biomarkers with incident cardiovascular outcomes (heart failure, major CVD, and all‐cause death) using multivariable‐adjusted linear regression and Cox models, respectively. Among 1565 postmenopausal women included (mean age 62 years), 395 (25%) had a history of early menopause. Of 71 biomarkers examined, we identified 7 biomarkers that were significantly associated with early menopause, of which 5 were higher in women with early menopause including adrenomedullin and resistin, and 2 were higher in women without early menopause including insulin growth factor‐1 and CNTN1 (contactin‐1) (Benjamini‐Hochberg adjusted
P
<0.1 for all). Early menopause also modified the association of specific biomarkers with incident cardiovascular outcomes including adrenomedullin (
P
int
<0.05).

Conclusions
Early menopause is associated with circulating levels of CVD protein biomarkers and appears to modify the association between select biomarkers with incident cardiovascular outcomes. Identified biomarkers reflect several distinct biological pathways, including inflammation, adiposity, and neurohormonal regulation. Further investigation of these pathways may provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of early menopause‐associated CVD.
Association of Dental Diseases and Oral Hygiene Care With the Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Huh Youn , Yoo Jung Eun , Park Sang‐Hyun , Han Kyungdo , Kim Seon Mee , Park Hye Soon , Cho Kyung Hwan , Ahn Jin‐Soo , Jun Sang Ho , Nam Ga Eun 
Published: August 2023

Background
To evaluate the association of dental diseases and oral hygiene care with incidence of heart failure (HF) among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods and Results

This study included 173 927 patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥40 years, who underwent Korean National Health Insurance Service health examinations in 2008 and were followed up until the end of 2017. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for HF were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. During a median follow‐up of 9.3 years, 1.94% of participants developed HF. An increased number of missing teeth was associated with a higher risk of HF (
P
<0.001). HRs of HF increased among individuals with ≥15 missing teeth (HR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.14–1.64]) compared with those without missing teeth. Decreased risk of HF was observed in individuals with ≥1 time/year of professional dental cleaning (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.87–0.99]) and in those with ≥2 times/d of toothbrushing (HR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82–0.98]) compared with those without these practices. While combined presence of missing teeth and periodontal disease (
P
=0.004) or dental caries (
P
=0.007) increased HF risk, combined oral hygiene care was associated with further HF risk reduction (
P
=0.024). Better oral hygiene care was associated with decreased HF risk, even as the number of missing teeth increased (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Among patients with type 2 diabetes, dental diseases and oral hygiene care are important determinants of HF development. Dental disease management and good oral care may prevent HF in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Decadal Variations in the Meridional Thermal Contrast in East Asia and Its Adjacent Regions: Relative Roles of External Forcing and Internal Variability
Authors: Zhang Kaiwen , Zuo Zhiyan , Xiao Dong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Against the backdrop of global warming, the Eurasian continent and its surrounding areas have experienced ununiform warming in recent decades. Variations in the meridional thermal contrast (MTC) in East Asia and its adjacent regions have a critical influence on the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM); therefore, its forcings were analyzed in this study. The results show that the MTC in East Asia and the surrounding regions showed significant decadal changes during the interval 1960–2014, with a decadal strengthening in the late 1970s and a decadal weakening in the late 1990s. Further investigation showed that internal variability was the dominant control on these two decadal changes of MTC, accounting for 135% and 78.5% of the two observed changes in the 1970s and 1990s, respectively. Based on pacemaker experiments and a method that reconstructs decadal changes in the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO), we found that a positive phase of the IPO tends to cause cooling in the low latitudes and warming in the mid–high latitudes and that a negative phase of the IPO tends to cause warming in the low latitudes and cooling in the mid–high latitudes, which in turn can explain 54.4% and 35.8% of the two internally generated decadal changes in the MTC, respectively. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), when in the same phase as the IPO, exhibits an opposing pattern of surface air temperature. This only had a significant influence in the late 1990s, where it explained 37.9% of the internally generated decadal changes in the MTC. Our findings highlight that internal variability, especially that relating to the IPO and the AMO, should be considered when predicting future changes in thermal conditions in East Asia and its adjacent regions.