bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergies between microsites of plant communities and steady‐stage alpine meadows on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lin Li , Xu Xingliang , Cao Guangmin , Zhang Fawei , Li Yikang , Fan Bo , Li Qian , Huang Junjie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDue to the effects of climate change and overgrazing in recent decades, alternative stable states in the alpine Kobresia meadow degradation process have coexisted in the same geographical and climatic environment, with variations occurring among microsites.MethodsWe used a space‐for‐time substitution approach to explore the synergies of microsite variation according to its numerical characteristics and the proportion of each stable state at various stages of succession in alpine Kobresia meadows on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.Results(1) The highest average aboveground biomass in summer was 196.2 ± 20.3 g m−2, with significantly higher levels of biomass in ≤3.65 sheep unit ha−1 than in other levels of grazing intensity, while the parameters showed no significant differences among grazing intensity levels in >3.65 sheep unit ha−1. (2) The importance of plant functional groups, aboveground biomass, and niche breadth of Poaceae and Cyperaceae significantly decreased as the grazing intensity increased. (3) The effects of ≥0°C accumulated temperature, total precipitation, altitude, longitude, and latitude cumulatively contributed less than 20% of the variation in the distribution of functional group characteristics across microsites.Conclusions(1) Overgrazing decreases primary production in alpine Kobresia meadows, but ecosystem responses regulate plant community structure and botanical components so as to partially counteract grazing disturbance. (2) Overgrazing changed the proportion of microsites, which in turn led to regime shift in the plant community and subsequent synergies between the microsites of plant communities and their stable states.
Sub‐voxel quantitative susceptibility mapping for assessing whole‐brain magnetic susceptibility from ages 4 to 80
Authors: Lao Guoyan , Liu Qiangqiang , Li Zhenghao , Guan Xiaojun , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Yuyao , Wei Hongjiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe evolution of magnetic susceptibility of the brain is mainly determined by myelin in white matter (WM) and iron deposition in deep gray matter (DGM). However, existing imaging techniques have limited abilities to simultaneously quantify the myelination and iron deposition within a voxel throughout brain development and aging. For instance, the temporal trajectories of iron in the brain WM and myelination in DGM have not been investigated during the aging process. This study aimed to map the age‐related iron and myelin changes in the whole brain, encompassing myelin in DGM and iron deposition in WM, using a novel sub‐voxel quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method. To achieve this, a cohort of 494 healthy adults (18–80 years old) was studied. The sub‐voxel QSM method was employed to obtain the paramagnetic and diamagnetic susceptibility based on the approximated map from acquired map. The linear relationship between and maps was established from the regression coefficients on a small cohort data acquired with both 3D gradient recalled echo data and mapping. Large cohort sub‐voxel susceptibility maps were used to create longitudinal and age‐specific atlases via group‐wise registration. To explore the differential developmental trajectories in the DGM and WM, we employed nonlinear models including exponential and Poisson functions, along with generalized additive models. The constructed atlases reveal the iron accumulation in the posterior part of the putamen and the gradual myelination process in the globus pallidus with aging. Interestingly, the developmental trajectories show that the rate of myelination differs among various DGM regions. Furthermore, the process of myelin synthesis is paralleled by an associated pattern of iron accumulation in the primary WM fiber bundles. In summary, our study offers significant insights into the distinctive developmental trajectories of iron in the brain's WM and myelination/demyelination in the DGM in vivo. These findings highlight the potential of using sub‐voxel QSM to uncover new perspectives in neuroscience and improve our understanding of whole‐brain myelination and iron deposit processes across the lifespan.
Simulating the impact of subsurface pipe drainage systems on crop water productivity at a regional scale in the upper Yellow River Basin
Authors: Xue Jing , Ren Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSubsurface pipe drainage (SPD) could provide a suitable environment for crop production in arid and semi‐arid agricultural areas; however, less attention has been given to the design layout of SPD on the regional scale in Hetao Irrigation District (HID). In this study, the appropriate layout of the final subsurface pipe was determined using the distributed SWAP‐WOFOST (Soil–Water–Atmosphere–Plant and WOrld FOod STudies) model in HID. Subsequently, the impact of the proper SPD on crop yield and water productivity (WP) were evaluated. Finally, the crop zoning was adjusted to further enhance crop WP, and the corresponding newly added cultivated land area was preliminarily estimated based on the suggested SPD. The results indicated that after zoning in the suggested SPD, the annual average yields of spring wheat, spring corn and sunflower increased by 19%, 7% and 11%, respectively, and WP improved by 13%, 5% and 10%, respectively, compared to the traditional layout. The newly added cultivated land area was estimated to be approximately 3489 ha through the replacement of traditional end ditches with subsurface pipes in HID. Therefore, the suggested subsurface pipe designs and cropping pattern adjustment improved crop growth and led to an increase in the cultivated land area in HID.
Distributed economic forecasting system and its application in rural revitalization
Authors: Fu Yuze 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCompared with the city, the rural area is large and the associated population disperses. Therefore, it needs to design a distributed scheme to collect and analysis the economic data. The federated learning can handle the economic data from different rural areas to protect primal economic data. This paper utilizes federated learning for economic forecasting which plays a very important role in rural revitalization. The proposed economic forecasting system consists of two parts: end nodes and cloud center. An end node is deployed in a village. The economic data of village is encrypted and villages only can communicate with other using encrypted data to avoid the leakage of primal data. The cloud center utilizes federated learning to jointly optimize the models in end nodes. During the processing of optimization, the transition between cloud center and end nodes is encrypted as well. The distributed economic forecasting system is evaluated on real data and achieves the expected results.
Narcissin induces developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos via Nrf2/HO‐1 and calcium signaling pathways
Authors: Gao Shuo , Zhou Chaoyi , Hou Linhua , Xu Kuo , Zhang Yun , Wang Xue , Li Jianheng , Liu Kechun , Xia Qing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNarcissin is a natural flavonoid from some edible and traditional medicinal plants. It has been proven to have multiple biological functions and exhibits potential therapeutic effects on hypertension, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the toxicity of narcissin is largely unknown. Here, we revealed that narcissin treatment led to reduced hatchability, increased malformation rate, shorter body length, and slowed blood flow in zebrafish. Furthermore, bradycardia, pericardial edema, increased SV‐BA distance, diminished stroke volume, ejection fraction, and ventricular short‐axis shortening rate were also found. A large accumulation of ROS, increased apoptotic cells, and histopathological changes were detected in the heart region. Moreover, the gene expression profiles and molecular docking analysis indicated that Nrf2/HO‐1 and calcium signaling pathways were involved in narcissin‐induced toxicity. In conclusion, here we provide the first evidence that demonstrates narcissin‐induced developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish via Nrf2/HO‐1 and calcium signaling pathways for the first time.
Exposure to low dose of Bisphenol A (BPA) intensifies kidney oxidative stress, inflammatory factors expression and modulates Angiotensin II signaling under hypertensive milieu
Authors: Nagarajan Manigandan , Maadurshni Gobichettipalayam Balasubramaniam , Manivannan Jeganathan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHumans are constantly exposed to low concentrations of ubiquitous environmental pollutant, Bisphenol A (BPA). Due to the prevalence of hypertension (one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular disease [CVD]) in the population, it is necessary to explore the adverse effect of BPA under hypertension associated pathogenic milieu. The current study exposed the Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) induced hypertensive Wistar rats to low dose BPA (50 μg/kg) for 30 days period. In tissue samples immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic assays were conducted. Moreover, studies on primary kidney cell culture were employed to explore the impact of low dose of BPA exposure at nanomolar level (20−80 nM range) on renal cells through various fluorescence assays. The observed results illustrate that BPA exposure potentiates/aggravates hypertension induced tissue abnormalities (renal fibrosis), oxidative stress (ROS generation), elevated angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity, malfunction of the antioxidant and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, tissue lipid abnormalities and inflammatory factor expression (both messenger RNA and protein level of TNF‐α and IL‐6). Further, in vitro exposure of nM levels of BPA to primary kidney cells modulates oxidative stress (both superoxide and total ROS), mitochondrial physiology (reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential—∆ψm) and lipid peroxidation in a dose dependent manner. In addition, angiotensin II induced ROS generation was aggravated further by BPA during coexposure in kidney cells. Therefore, during risk assessment, a precise investigation on BPA exposure in hypertensive (CVD vulnerable) populations is highly suggested.
Silencing long noncoding RNA LINC01133 suppresses pancreatic cancer through regulation of microRNA‐1299‐dependent IGF2BP3
Authors: Li Sumei , Jiang Fengru , Chen Feiyu , Deng Yinzhao , Huang Haiying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe deregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) holds great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers, including pancreatic cancer (PC). However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which LINC01133 contributes to pancreatic cancer remain unknown. Subsequent to bioinformatics analysis, we predicted and analyzed differentially expressed lncRNAs, microRNAs, and genes in pancreatic cancer. We determined the expression patterns of LINC01133, miR‐1299, and insulin‐like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) in pancreatic cancer cells, and validated their interactions through luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. We implemented loss‐of‐function and gain‐of‐function experiments for LINC01133, miR‐1299, and IGF2BP3 to assay their potential effects on pancreatic cancer cell functions. We observed high expression of LINC01133 and IGF2BP3, but low expression of miR‐1299, in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that LINC01133 enhances IGF2BP3 through binding with miR‐1299. Silencing LINC01133 or IGF2BP3 and/or overexpressing miR‐1299 limited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and suppressed tumorigenic abilities in mice lacking T cells (nude mice). Overall, our findings identified that silencing LINC01133 downregulates IGF2BP3 by upregulating miR‐1299 expression, ultimately leading to the prevention of pancreatic cancer.
Establishment of nucleic acid sensing pathways‐based model in predicting response to immunotherapy and targeted drug in hepatitis virus‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Peng Xinhao , Shi Ying , Zhang Biqin , Xu Chuan , Lang Jinyi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for 80% of liver cancers, while 70%–80% of HCC developed from chronic liver disease with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as the major etiology. Immunotherapy is assuming a role as a pillar of HCC treatment, but the remarkable immune‐mediated responses are restricted in a minority of patients. Nucleic acid sensing (NAS) pathways are the central pathway of the innate immune system and antiviral immune response to viral infection, but their role in hepatitis virus‐related HCC remains undetermined. In our study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis based on transcriptomic data of hepatitis virus related‐HCC tissues collected from multiple public data sets. Two subgroups were validated based on NAS‐related genes in virus‐related HCC patients, which were defined as NAS‐activated subgroups and NAS‐suppressed subgroups based on the expression of NAS‐related genes. On this basis, a NAS‐related risk score (NASRS) predictive model was established for risk stratification and prognosis prediction in the hepatitis virus‐related HCC (TCGA‐LIHC and ICGC cohorts). The predictive values of the NASRS in prognosis and immunotherapy were also verified in multiple data sets. A nomogram was also established to facilitate the clinical use of NASRS and demonstrate its effectiveness through different approaches. Additionally, six potential drugs binding to the core target of the NAS signature were predicted via molecular docking strategy. We subsequently evaluated the cytotoxic capabilities of potential drug in vitro and in vivo. Based on these results, we conclude that the NASRS model could serve as a power prognostic biomarker and predict responses to immunotherapy, which is meaningful in clinical decision‐making of hepatitis virus‐related HCC patients.
Effects of ultrasound‐assisted intermittent tumbling on the quality of cooked ham through modifying muscle structure and protein extraction
Authors: Zhang Ruyu , Yuan Jiayi , Zhang Wangang , Zeng Xianming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTumbling treatment is widely used in the production of cooked ham. However, traditional intermittent tumbling (IT) treatment is time‐consuming. To enhance the tumbling efficiency, high‐intensity ultrasound was used to assist IT treatment (UIT).RESULTSUIT treatment reduced the tumbling time and significantly improved the water holding capacity, tenderness, sliceability and texture of cooked ham compared to IT treatment. Furthermore, more violent destruction of meat tissue was exhibited in the UIT treatment. This change facilitated extraction of more salt‐soluble protein, which in turn welded meat pieces tightly and improved the quality of the cooked ham.CONCLUSIONUIT treatment could accelerate the tumbling process and enhance the quality of cooked ham. These results may provide guidance on effective strategies for a high‐quality meat production process. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of exposure to carbon nanomaterials on soil microbial communities: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Zuo Yutian , Zeng Wenzhi , Huang Jiesheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCarbon nanomaterials (CNMs) are extensively employed in diverse fields and will inevitably be discharged into the soil to affect the soil microbial community. Numerous related studies have investigated the effects of exposure to CNMs on soil microbial communities, yet a consensus on their effects still needs to be discovered. This study conducted a global meta‐analysis by synthesizing 474 pairs of experiments from 20 screened publications in the literature from 2000 to 2022. The findings indicate that: exposure to CNMs significantly reduced microbial biomass carbon (MBC) by 17.02% and increased soil Shannon index by 2.63% (p < 0.05), which had no significant effect on soil microbial community composition and only reduced the proportion of Proteobacteria by 6.83%. The type of CNMs was one of the important influencing factors. The exposure to multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) significantly reduced the soil MBC (p < 0.05). It reduced the proportion of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria in soil, which had less effect on soil microbial diversity and was more suitable as a crop growth promoter. The exposure of single‐walled carbon nanotubes exhibited a comparable impact on soil microbial biomass as MWCNTs while significantly increasing soil microbial diversity. The exposure of fullerene (C60) had no significant effect on soil microbial biomass but significantly decreased microbial diversity (p < 0.05). In addition, soil pH, CNMs exposure dose, and exposure time significantly affect the effects of CNMs (p < 0.05). This research recommends that CNMs be used in high pH soil with high electrical charge intensity while avoiding exposure doses exceeding 1000 mg/kg and limiting exposure time to 50–100 days to minimize long‐term exposure effects on the soil. MWCNTs are less toxic to microbial communities compared with the other CNMs and are more suitable as crop growth promoters. In conclusion, CNMs show great potential for promoting agricultural production.
Momentum‐Space Scattering Extremizations
Authors: Wen Chunchao , Zhang Jianfa , Qin Shiqiao , Zhu Zhihong , Liu Wei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudies into scatterings of photonic structures have been so far overwhelmingly focused on their dependencies on the spatial and spectral morphologies of the incident waves. In contrast, evolutions of scattering properties through another parameter space of incident directions (momentum space) has not attracted sufficient attention, with the underlying general governing rules still unrevealed. Here, from the perspective of quasi‐normal modes (QNMs), the momentum‐space scattering extremizations with respect to varying incident directions of plane waves are investigated. It is revealed that for effective single‐QNM excitations, scatterings are maximized exactly along those directions where the QNM radiation reaches its maximum, with matched incident and radiation polarizations. For an arbitrary direction, when the incident polarization is tuned to be orthogonal to that of the mode radiation, the QNM cannot be excited and thus the scatterer becomes invisible with null scatterings. The principles revealed are protected by fundamental laws of reciprocity and energy conservation (optical theorem), which can be further expanded and applied for other branches of wave physics.
Deep Learning‐Enabled Pixel‐Super‐Resolved Quantitative Phase Microscopy from Single‐Shot Aliased Intensity Measurement
Authors: Zhou Jie , Jin Yanbo , Lu Linpeng , Zhou Shun , Ullah Habib , Sun Jiasong , Chen Qian , Ye Ran , Li Jiaji , Zuo Chao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA new technique of deep learning‐based pixel‐super‐resolved quantitative phase microscopy (DL‐SRQPI) is proposed, achieving rapid wide‐field high‐resolution and high‐throughput quantitative phase imaging (QPI) from single‐shot low‐resolution intensity measurement. By training a neural network with sufficiently paired low‐resolution intensity and high‐resolution phase data, the network is empowered with the capability to robustly reconstruct high‐quality phase information from a single frame of an aliased intensity image. As a graphics processing units‐accelerated computational method with minimal data requirement, DL‐SRQPI is well‐suited for live‐cell imaging and accomplishes high‐throughput long‐term dynamic phase reconstruction. The effectiveness and feasibility of DL‐SRQPI have been significantly demonstrated by comparing it with other traditional and learning‐based phase retrieval methods. The proposed method has been successfully implemented into the quantitative phase reconstruction of biological samples under bright‐field microscopes, overcoming pixel aliasing and improving the spatial‐bandwidth product significantly. The generalization ability of DL‐SRQPI is illustrated by phase reconstruction of Henrietta Lacks cells at various defocus distances and illumination patterns, and its high‐throughput anti‐aliased phase imaging performance is further experimentally validated. Given its capability of achieving pixel super‐resolved QPI from single‐shot intensity measurement over conventional bright‐field microscope hardware, the proposed approach is expected to be widely adopted in life science and biomedical workflows.
Widespread Bathyarchaeia encode a novel methyltransferase utilizing lignin‐derived aromatics
Authors: Yu Tiantian , Hu Haining , Zeng Xianhong , Wang Yinzhao , Pan Donald , Deng Longhui , Liang Lewen , Hou Jialin , Wang Fengping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLignin degradation is a major process in the global carbon cycle across both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Bathyarchaeia, which are among the most abundant microorganisms in marine sediment, have been proposed to mediate anaerobic lignin degradation. However, the mechanism of bathyarchaeial lignin degradation remains unclear. Here, we report an enrichment culture of Bathyarchaeia, named Candidatus Baizosediminiarchaeum ligniniphilus DL1YTT001 (Ca. B. ligniniphilus), from coastal sediments that can grow with lignin as the sole organic carbon source under mesophilic anoxic conditions. Ca. B. ligniniphilus possesses and highly expresses novel methyltransferase 1 (MT1, mtgB) for transferring methoxyl groups from lignin monomers to cob(I)alamin. MtgBs have no homology with known microbial methyltransferases and are present only in bathyarchaeial lineages. Heterologous expression of the mtgB gene confirmed O‐demethylation activity. The mtgB genes were identified in metagenomic data sets from a wide range of coastal sediments, and they were highly expressed in coastal sediments from the East China Sea. These findings suggest that Bathyarchaeia, capable of O‐demethylation via their novel and specific methyltransferases, are ubiquitous in coastal sediments.
Timing of enteral nutrition and parenteral nutrition in the PICU
Authors: Fell Donna M. , Bitetto Emily A. , Skillman Heather E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe timing of nutrition support initiation has the potential to positively impact nutrition and clinical outcomes in infants and children with critical illness. Early enteral nutrition within 24–48 h and attainment of both a 60% energy and protein goal by the end of the first week of pediatric intensive care unit admission are reported to be significantly associated with improved survival in large observational studies. The results of one randomized controlled trial demonstrated increased morbidity in infants and children with critical illness assigned to early vs delayed supplemental parenteral nutrition. Observational studies in this population also suggest increased mortality with exclusive parenteral nutrition and worse nutrition outcomes when parenteral nutrition is delayed. Subsequently, current nutrition support guidelines recommend early enteral nutrition and avoidance of early parenteral nutrition, although the available evidence used to create the guidelines was inadequate to inform bedside nutrition support practice to improve outcomes. These guidelines are limited by the included studies with small numbers and heterogeneity of patients and research design that confound study outcomes and interpretation. This article provides a narrative review of the timing of nutrition support on outcomes in infants and children with critical illness, strategies to optimize timing and adequacy of nutrition support, and literature gaps, including the timing of parenteral nutrition initiation for children with malnutrition and those with contraindications to enteral nutrition and accurate measurement of energy requirements.