bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dung beetles prefer used land over natural greenspace in urban landscape
Authors: Asha G. , Manoj K. , Rajesh T. P. , Varma Sangeetha , Ballullaya U. Prashanth , Sinu Palatty Allesh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUrbanization drives land-use and patterns of biodiversity. Yet, very little is known about how biodiversity of structurally different habitats is responded to urbanization. We surveyed coprophagous dung beetles and their ecological functional groups—tunnellers, dwellers, and rollers—in shaded natural semi-evergreen forests of sacred groves and the neighbouring relatively open home gardens of sites that represent three levels of urbanization to address the following questions: (1) Do sacred groves have higher abundance, richness, and diversity of dung beetles than home gardens? (2) Is urbanization a key driver of dung beetle abundance, richness, diversity, and community? (3) Is dung beetle assemblage of sacred groves immune to urbanization? and (4) Which ecological functional groups of dung beetles are affected by urbanization? We hypothesized that the sacred groves have a distinct community, resulting in higher abundance, richness, and diversity of dung beetles than home gardens, and the dung beetle assemblage of sacred groves may be immune to urbanization. We sampled the beetles during wet and dry periods using cow dung as a bait. Against our predictions, dung beetle abundance, richness, and diversity were higher in used lands than sacred groves, particularly in urban landscapes. The two habitats had distinct compositions of dung beetles. Tunnellers and rollers were affected by urbanization, but not dwellers. Heliophilic and synanthropic species characterized by smaller species dominated overall catches in the used lands of urban areas. Results downplay sacred grove as a potential refuge for dung beetles and suggest that the biodiversity of native forests may be affected more by urbanization than the manipulated anthropogenic habitats.
The bile acid TUDCA reduces age-related hyperinsulinemia in mice
Authors: Zangerolamo Lucas , Carvalho Marina , Barssotti Leticia , Soares Gabriela M. , Marmentini Carine , Boschero Antonio C. , Barbosa Helena Cristina L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAging is associated with glucose metabolism disturbances, such as insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, which contribute to the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications in the elderly population. In this sense, some bile acids have emerged as new therapeutic targets to treat TD2, as well as associated metabolic disorders. The taurine conjugated bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) improves glucose homeostasis in T2D, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease mice model. However, its effects in aged mice have not been explored yet. Here, we evaluated the actions of TUDCA upon glucose-insulin homeostasis in aged C57BL/6 male mice (18-month-old) treated with 300 mg/kg of TUDCA or its vehicle. TUDCA attenuated hyperinsulinemia and improved glucose homeostasis in aged mice, by enhancing liver insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) expression and insulin clearance. Furthermore, the improvement in glucose-insulin homeostasis in these mice was accompanied by a reduction in adiposity, associated with adipocyte hypertrophy, and lipids accumulation in the liver. TUDCA-treated aged mice also displayed increased energy expenditure and metabolic flexibility, as well as a better cognitive ability. Taken together, our data highlight TUDCA as an interesting target for the attenuation of age-related hyperinsulinemia and its deleterious effects on metabolism.
An Ising machine based on networks of subharmonic electrical resonators
Authors: English L. Q. , Zampetaki A. V. , Kalinin K. P. , Berloff N. G. , Kevrekidis P. G. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCombinatorial optimization problems are difficult to solve with conventional algorithms. Here we explore networks of nonlinear electronic oscillators evolving dynamically towards the solution to such problems. We show that when driven into subharmonic response, such oscillator networks can minimize the Ising Hamiltonian on non-trivial antiferromagnetically-coupled 3-regular graphs. In this context, the spin-up and spin-down states of the Ising machine are represented by the oscillators’ response at the even or odd driving cycles. Our experimental setting of driven nonlinear oscillators coupled via a programmable switch matrix leads to a unique energy minimizer when one exists, and probes frustration where appropriate. Theoretical modeling of the electronic oscillators and their couplings allows us to accurately reproduce the qualitative features of the experimental results and extends the results to larger graphs. This suggests the promise of this setup as a prototypical one for exploring the capabilities of such an unconventional computing platform.
All-fiber optical nonreciprocity based on parity-time-symmetric Fabry-Perot resonators
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhang Jiejun , Zhi Yanyan , Li Lingzhi , Liao Baoliang , Yao Jianping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNonreciprocal light transmission in an all-fiber platform is critical in modern optical communication systems, which can avoid the packaging and integration process required in current devices based on magneto-optical or nonlinear materials. Here we propose and demonstrate an all-fiber device with remotely tunable isolation ratio and switchable isolation direction by constructing two mutually coupled Fabry-Perot (FP) resonators with identical geometry and balanced gain and loss. By controlling the pumping power, strong optical nonreciprocity is achieved due to gain saturation nonlinearity that is enhanced by the broken parity-time symmetry. Nonreciprocal light transmission with an isolation ratio of 8.58 dB at 1550 nm and an insertion loss of 2.5 dB is demonstrated. The isolation bandwidth is 125 MHz, which is determined by the bandwidths of the two coupled FP resonators. The proposed approach provides an all-fiber solution for a remotely tunable and optically controlled isolator, which may find applications in software-defined optical networks.
Supervised learning of a chemistry functional with damped dispersion
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Zhang Cheng , Liu Zhonghua , Truhlar Donald G. , Wang Ying , He Xiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractKohn–Sham density functional theory is widely used in chemistry, but no functional can accurately predict the whole range of chemical properties, although recent progress by some doubly hybrid functionals comes close. Here, we optimized a singly hybrid functional called CF22D with higher across-the-board accuracy for chemistry than most of the existing non-doubly hybrid functionals by using a flexible functional form that combines a global hybrid meta-nonseparable gradient approximation that depends on density and occupied orbitals with a damped dispersion term that depends on geometry. We optimized this energy functional by using a large database and performance-triggered iterative supervised training. We combined several databases to create a very large, combined database whose use demonstrated the good performance of CF22D on barrier heights, isomerization energies, thermochemistry, noncovalent interactions, radical and nonradical chemistry, small and large systems, simple and complex systems and transition-metal chemistry.
Copper radical oxidases: galactose oxidase, glyoxal oxidase, and beyond!
Authors: Fong Jessica K. , Brumer Harry 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The copper radical oxidases (CROs) are an evolutionary and functionally diverse group of enzymes established by the historically significant galactose 6-oxidase and glyoxal oxidase from fungi. Inducted in 2013, CROs now constitute Auxiliary Activity Family 5 (AA5) in the Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZy) classification. CROs catalyse the two-electron oxidation of their substrates using oxygen as the final electron acceptor and are particularly distinguished by a cross-linked tyrosine-cysteine co-factor that is integral to radical stabilization. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the biochemically and structurally characterized CROs, which has revealed an expanded natural diversity of catalytic activities in the family. This review provides a brief historical introduction to CRO biochemistry and structural biology as a foundation for an update on current advances in CRO enzymology, biotechnology, and biology across kingdoms of life.
Retracted: A software‐based framework for the development of smart healthcare systems using fog computing
Authors: Singh Prabhdeep , Kaur Rajbir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRetraction: [Prabhdeep Singh, Rajbir Kaur, A software‐based framework for the development of smart healthcare systems using fog computing, IET Software 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12081)].The above article from IET Software, published online on 23 December 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Three-dimensional non-kinematic simulation of the post-emergence evolution of bipolar magnetic regions and the Babcock-Leighton dynamo of the Sun
Authors: Bekki Yuto , Cameron Robert H. 
Published: December 2022

Context. The Babcock-Leighton flux-transport model is a widely accepted dynamo model of the Sun that can explain many observational aspects of solar magnetic activity. This dynamo model has been extensively studied in a two-dimensional (2D) mean-field framework in both kinematic and non-kinematic regimes. Recent three-dimensional (3D) models have been restricted to the kinematic regime. In these models, the surface poloidal flux is produced by the emergence of bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) that are tilted according to Joy’s law.
Aims. We investigate the prescription for emergence of a BMR in 3D non-kinematic simulations. In particular, we examine the effect of the radial extent of the BMR. We also report our initial results based on a cyclic Babcock-Leighton dynamo simulation.
Methods. We extended a conventional 2D mean-field model of the Babcock-Leighton flux-transport dynamo into 3D non-kinematic regime, in which a full set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations are solved in a spherical shell using a Yin-Yang grid. The large-scale mean flows, such as differential rotation and meridional circulation, are not driven by rotationally constrained convection, but rather by the parameterized Λ-effect in this model. For the induction equation, we used a Babcock-Leighton α-effect source term by which the surface BMRs are produced in response to the dynamo-generated toroidal field inside the convection zone.
Results. We find that in the 3D non-kinematic regime, the tilt angle of a newly-emerged BMR is very sensitive to the prescription for the subsurface structure of the BMR (particularly, its radial extent). Anti-Joy tilt angles are found unless the BMR is deeply embedded in the convection zone. We also find that the leading spot tends to become stronger (higher field strengths) than the following spot. The anti-Joy’s law trend and the morphological asymmetry of the BMRs can be explained by the Coriolis force acting on the Lorentz-force-driven flows. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the solar-like magnetic cycles can be successfully obtained if Joy’s law is explicitly given in the Babcock-Leighton α-effect. In these cyclic dynamo simulations, a strong Lorentz force feedback leads to cycle modulations in the differential rotation (torsional oscillation) and meridional circulation. The simulations, however, do not include radiative effects (e.g., enhanced cooling by faculae) that are required to properly model the torsional oscillations. The non-axisymmetric components of the flows are found to exist as inertial modes such as the equatorial Rossby modes.
Influence de différents paramètres sur le choix de la contention post traitement orthodontique au Liban - une enquête transversale
Authors: Abou Chedid Sara , Khoury Elie 
Published: December 2022

Introduction : la contention orthodontique est une étape du traitement orthodontique permettant de garantir la pérennité du résultat obtenu après la fin de la phase active du traitement. La contention peut avoir lieu à travers plusieurs dispositifs et peut suivre plusieurs protocoles. Le plus souvent, le choix de dispositif et/ou protocole de contention dépend des préférences de chaque orthodontiste. Il est donc important d'identifier les facteurs contribuant aux préférences de ces derniers. Matériels et méthodes : un questionnaire de 21 questions a été envoyé aux orthodontistes libanais faisant partie de la Société Libanaise d'Orthodontie. Le questionnaire est réalisé sur « Google Forms ». Les adresses emails des participants ont été recueillies afin d'éviter les réponses doubles; l'anonymat des réponses est toutefois garanti. Les questions ont été posées afin d'évaluer l'influence de 3 différents facteurs sur le choix de la contention post traitement orthodontique de chaque orthodontiste et identifier le type de fil de contention le plus employé au Liban. Les facteurs sont : le lieu des études orthodontiques, l'anomalie orthodontique initialement présente avant le début du traitement et le nombre d'années d'expérience en tant qu'orthodontiste. Le test du Khi2 a été employé pour évaluer l'existence d'associations statistiquement significatives. Les réponses ont aussi été recueillies pour pouvoir identifier les protocoles et appareils de contention les plus employés au Liban.Résultats et discussion : le nombre d'années d'expérience est un facteur qui influence à la fois le choix de protocole de contention dans le cas de diastèmes au maxillaire (p = 0.026) et à la mandibule (p = 0.004) mais aussi le choix du fil de contention employé (p = 0.0370). Aucune différence statistiquement significative n'a été trouvée pour les autres facteurs mentionnés. Conclusion : la contention collée canine – canine est la contention la plus employée à la mandibule par les orthodontistes libanais. Une association contention collée – contention amovible est la contention la plus employée au maxillaire. Ces pratiques sont en accord avec les protocoles de plusieurs pays. La contention amovible de choix est la gouttière thermoformée tandis que le fil de contention le plus employé est le fil de type twistflex. Le facteur influençant le choix des orthodontistes est leur nombre d'années d'expérience. Il serait utile de continuer cette étude tout en élargissant l'échantillon et ajoutant des questions qui permettront d'identifier d'autres facteurs jouant un rôle dans le choix de contention de chaque orthodontiste.
Asymmetric tunneling of Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Lindberg Dusty R , Gaaloul Naceur , Kaplan Lev , Williams Jason R , Schlippert Dennis , Boegel Patrick , Rasel Ernst-Maria , Bondar Denys I 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In his celebrated textbook, Quantum Mechanics: Nonrelativistic Theory, Landau argued that, for single particle systems in 1D, tunneling probability remains the same for a particle incident from the left or the right of a barrier. This left–right symmetry of tunneling probability holds regardless of the shape of the potential barrier. However, there are a variety of known cases that break this symmetry, e.g. when observing composite particles. We computationally (and analytically, in the simplest case) show this breaking of the left–right tunneling symmetry for Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) in 1D, modeled by the Gross–Pitaevskii equation. By varying g, the parameter of inter-particle interaction in the BEC, we demonstrate that the transition from symmetric (g = 0) to asymmetric tunneling is a threshold phenomenon. Our computations employ experimentally feasible parameters such that these results may be experimentally demonstrated in the near future. We conclude by suggesting applications of the phenomena to design atomtronic diodes, synthetic gauge fields, Maxwell’s demons, and black-hole analogues.
Study of a deep learning-based method for improving the spectral resolution of the spectral scanning hyperspectral imaging system via synthetic spectral image data
Authors: Kim Suhyun , Jung Sera , Yoon Jonghee 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) techniques, measuring spatial and spectral information, have shown the ability to identify targets based on their spectral features. Among many HSI methods, a spectral scanning HSI method implemented using a tunable filter has been widely used in various applications due to wide-area HSI capability and cost-effectiveness. However, the limitation of the spectral scanning method is poor spectral resolution compared to other spectral imaging methods using dispersive materials. To overcome this limitation, we exploited a recently developed deep-learning model that retrieves multispectral information from an red, green, and blue image. Moreover, this study proposed that a color chart consisting of 18 colors could be a standard target for training the deep-learning model under various spectral scanning HSI conditions. The simulation work was performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method using synthetic hyperspectral images. Realistic synthetic data was prepared using spectral data obtained via a spectrometer (ground-truth data) and artificial filters emulating a liquid-crystal tunable filter. We found that the deep-learning model trained via a supervised learning approach using synthetic hyperspectral images successfully retrieved high-resolution spectral data. In addition, the trained deep-learning model retrieved robust spectral profiles of random colors which were not used in the training process. Collectively, the deep learning-based spectral scanning method could improve the spectral resolution of the imaging system, and the color chart would be a good and practical standard training target for the deep learning model.
Mild air oxidation of boron nitride nanotubes. Application as nanofillers for thermally conductive polycarbonate nanocomposites
Authors: Bodin Antoine , Pietri Thomas , Simonato Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have experienced considerable growth in recent years due to their unique intrinsic properties, in particular for the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites. Dispersion of pure BNNTs in nanocomposites is often difficult due to their poor compatibility with most polymer matrices. An approach involving the creation of hydroxyl groups on their surface could improve their dispersion. While some harsh oxidation processes have been reported so far, a mild oxidation of BNNTs using air as the oxidant is reported here. This new catalytic reaction leads to slightly oxidized BNNTs, which were characterized by scanning electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Polycarbonate nanocomposites were then fabricated using pristine and oxidized BNNTs as nanofillers. The measured thermal conductivity increased linearly with the mildly oxidized BNNTs content. It reached a five-fold increase up to 1.19 W m.K−1 at 15% vol. content which is significantly improved over nanocomposites fabricated with severely oxidized BNNTs, while the electrically insulating character remained unchanged.
Embedding thermocouples in SS316 with laser powder bed fusion*
Authors: Hyer Holden C , Carver Keith , List III Fred A , Petrie Christian M 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Recent advances in manufacturing technologies have enabled the fabrication of complex geometries for a wide range of applications, including the energy, aerospace, and civil sectors. The ability to integrate sensors at critical locations within these complex components during the manufacturing process could benefit process monitoring and control by reducing reliance on models to relate surface measurements to internal phenomena. This study investigated embedding thermocouples in a SS316 matrix using laser powder bed fusion. Under optimal processing conditions, embedded thermocouples were characterized post-building, finding good bonding to the matrix with no melt pool penetration to the sensing elements. Moreover, the embedded thermocouple performed similarly to an identical non-embedded thermocouple during thermal testing to 500 °C with only a slight difference in response time, which was attributed to the differences in mass and the associated thermal time constants.
Computational study on the discharge dynamics of atmospheric pressure He plasma driven by high frequency AC voltage
Authors: Wang Lijun , Liu Jie , Zhao Huan , Lin Xin , Lian Zhuoxi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA two dimensional self-consistent fluid model has been established to investigate the discharge dynamics of double-ring electrode He atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) driven by high frequency AC voltage. The difference of the internal stream and external jet and the influence of the change of applied voltage polarity on plasma discharge characteristics has been discussed. It has been discovered that the capacitive breakdown characteristic of the double ring electrode significantly enhances the intensity of the APPJ. The discharge intensity of the external jet is stronger than that of the internal stream and the propagation speed of the external jet is faster than that of the internal stream due to the ionization and Penning ionization of N2and O2. Therefore, the density of reactive species in the external jet is greater than that in the internal stream. When the negative voltage is applied to the downstream electrode, the propagation direction of the internal stream changes to the downstream electrode. The ionization of the external jet is also concentrated near the downstream electrode and in the streamer head. The radial propagation distance of the external jet on the dielectric surface continues to increase and the peak value of the radial electric field is concentrated at the streamer head. When the applied voltage changes from negative to positive, the propagation direction of the internal stream turns to the upstream electrode and the upstream jet is formed above the electrode. At the beginning of the positive cycle, the radial propagation distance of the external jet is shortened due to the effects of the electron attachment of O2and the radial electric field. With the increase of applied voltage, the ionization in the streamer head gradually increases, which promoted the radial propagation of external jet.
Tunable Bloch surface wave constructed by two-dimensional lithium niobate grating for biosensor
Authors: Ge Daohan , Wang Huashuai , Shi Jiakang , Zhou Yujie , Zhang Liqiang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
In this study, a Bloch surface wave (BSW) biosensor coupled with a two-dimensional lithium niobate grating was designed. The influence of the nonlinear characteristics of lithium niobate on the BSW sensor was theoretically investigated, and the tunability of the BSW was studied using the excitation schemes of n
e and n
o. To confine the energy on the surface of the solution in contact with the sensor, we introduce a distributed Bragg reflector mirror (DBR) consisting of four pairs of 76% and 42% porosity porous silicon films. A layer of lithium niobate grating is deposited on top of DBR to excite Bloch surface waves(BSW) and introduce the concept of azimuth detection in the study of the tunable properties of lithium niobate. Then, the azimuth angle of the resonance peaks excited along the n
e and n
o directions of lithium niobate varied by approximately 5°.