bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement of ultrasonic pulse velocity with improved accuracy using automatic threshold error correction
Authors: Piyush  , Dhiman Nitin , Kumar Bishan , Yadav Sanjay , Dubey P. K. 
Published: April 2023

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV) measurement is extensively used to monitor the strength and health of concrete structures as per American Society for Testing and Materials C 597 – 09. The commercially available UPV measurement systems work on the basis of single threshold detection of the received signal. Therefore, measurement accuracy is affected due to threshold error. The effect is sensitive to the signal amplitude reaching the threshold comparator and, hence, receiver gain. It is observed that a UPV tester operating at 50 kHz to test concrete might generate an error of up to 10% in the ultrasonic transit time measurement of 50 µs. Hence, it is of great concern and needs to be improved. In this article, the UPV measurement circuit capable of detecting and compensating the threshold error is described. The threshold error correction is achieved with the help of two threshold comparators and two hybrid counters. The circuit developed minimizes the threshold error for wide receiver gain. The measurement carried out with the developed system shows significant improvement, having deviations within 100 ns.
Evidence for heterothermic endothermy and reptile-like eggshell mineralization inTroodon, a non-avian maniraptoran theropod
Authors: Tagliavento Mattia , Davies Amelia J. , Bernecker Miguel , Staudigel Philip T. , Dawson Robin R. , Dietzel Martin , Götschl Katja , Guo Weifu , Schulp Anne S. , Therrien François , Zelenitsky Darla K. , Gerdes Axel , Müller Wolfgang , Fiebig Jens 
Published: April 2023

The dinosaur–bird transition involved several anatomical, biomechanical, and physiological modifications of the theropod bauplan. Non-avian maniraptoran theropods, such asTroodon, are key to better understand changes in thermophysiology and reproduction occurring during this transition. Here, we applied dual clumped isotope (Δ47and Δ48) thermometry, a technique that resolves mineralization temperature and other nonthermal information recorded in carbonates, to eggshells fromTroodon, modern reptiles, and modern birds.Troodoneggshells show variable temperatures, namely 42 and 29 ± 2 °C, supporting the hypothesis of an endothermic thermophysiology with a heterothermic strategy for this extinct taxon. Dual clumped isotope data also reveal physiological differences in the reproductive systems betweenTroodon, reptiles, and birds.Troodonand modern reptiles mineralize their eggshells indistinguishable from dual clumped isotope equilibrium, while birds precipitate eggshells characterized by a positive disequilibrium offset in Δ48. Analyses of inorganic calcites suggest that the observed disequilibrium pattern in birds is linked to an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) precursor, a carbonate phase known to accelerate eggshell formation in birds. Lack of disequilibrium patterns in reptile andTroodoneggshells implies these vertebrates had not acquired the fast, ACC-based eggshell calcification process characteristic of birds. Observation thatTroodonretained a slow reptile-like calcification suggests that it possessed two functional ovaries and was limited in the number of eggs it could produce; thus its large clutches would have been laid by several females. Dual clumped isotope analysis of eggshells of extinct vertebrates sheds light on physiological information otherwise inaccessible in the fossil record.
“Helicase” activity promoted through dynamic interactions between a ssDNA translocase and a diffusing SSB protein
Authors: Mersch Kacey N. , Sokoloski Joshua E. , Nguyen Binh , Galletto Roberto , Lohman Timothy M. 
Published: April 2023

Replication protein A (RPA) is a eukaryotic single-stranded (ss) DNA-binding (SSB) protein that is essential for all aspects of genome maintenance. RPA binds ssDNA with high affinity but can also diffuse along ssDNA. By itself, RPA is capable of transiently disrupting short regions of duplex DNA by diffusing from a ssDNA that flanks the duplex DNA. Using single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence and optical trapping combined with fluorescence approaches, we show that
S. cerevisiae
Pif1 can use its ATP-dependent 5′ to 3′ translocase activity to chemomechanically push a single human RPA (hRPA) heterotrimer directionally along ssDNA at rates comparable to those of Pif1 translocation alone. We further show that using its translocation activity, Pif1 can push hRPA from a ssDNA loading site into a duplex DNA causing stable disruption of at least 9 bp of duplex DNA. These results highlight the dynamic nature of hRPA enabling it to be readily reorganized even when bound tightly to ssDNA and demonstrate a mechanism by which directional DNA unwinding can be achieved through the combined action of a ssDNA translocase that pushes an SSB protein. These results highlight the two basic requirements for any processive DNA helicase: transient DNA base pair melting (supplied by hRPA) and ATP-dependent directional ssDNA translocation (supplied by Pif1) and that these functions can be unlinked by using two separate proteins.
Hot carrier extraction from 2D semiconductor photoelectrodes
Authors: Austin Rachelle , Farah Yusef R. , Sayer Thomas , Luther Bradley M. , Montoya-Castillo Andrés , Krummel Amber T. , Sambur Justin B. 
Published: April 2023

Hot carrier-based energy conversion systems could double the efficiency of conventional solar energy technology or drive photochemical reactions that would not be possible using fully thermalized, “cool” carriers, but current strategies require expensive multijunction architectures. Using an unprecedented combination of photoelectrochemical and in situ transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, we demonstrate ultrafast (<50 fs) hot exciton and free carrier extraction under applied bias in a proof-of-concept photoelectrochemical solar cell made from earth-abundant and potentially inexpensive monolayer (ML) MoS
2
. Our approach facilitates ultrathin 7 Å charge transport distances over 1 cm
2
areas by intimately coupling ML-MoS
2
to an electron-selective solid contact and a hole-selective electrolyte contact. Our theoretical investigations of the spatial distribution of exciton states suggest greater electronic coupling between hot exciton states located on peripheral S atoms and neighboring contacts likely facilitates ultrafast charge transfer. Our work delineates future two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor design strategies for practical implementation in ultrathin photovoltaic and solar fuel applications.
Getting involved or acting in defence
Authors: Yang Na , Hu Jiabei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study explores the business ritual practice of apology in corporate crisis management. By comparing the
frequencies and analysing apology strategies from fifty local and nonlocal Chinese companies’ public letters of apology, we extend
the politeness study of public apology to a broader hierarchy of a ritual frame and discuss the related formulaic patterns and
strategies of apology. The results show that both groups share a high proportion of taking responsibility and explaining but
differ significantly in their use of such strategies. We find that the business ritual practice of apology varies in accordance
with the cultural identity of the corporation. Local Chinese companies tend to greatly rely on a ritual frame of involvement,
whereas nonlocal companies take an interest in constructing a ritual frame of defence. The paper provides implications for the
scholars of cross-cultural pragmatics and for business practitioners and future research directions for a ritual perspective when
revisiting the practice of apology.
Identity gatekeeping in New Work Order organizations
Authors: Van De Mieroop Dorien 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
While much has been written on the transition of organizational life into the New Work Order (NWO) and the effects
this has had on employees in language-centered economic spaces, few studies have attempted to tease out how these NWO-expectations
have affected less language-centered workplaces. In this article, I focus on such a workplace, namely a medical lab, and I tease
out processes of what I call ‘identity gatekeeping’. With this term I refer to the fact that NWO-employees are expected to be
knowledge-workers whose identities need to be aligned with organizational expectations. As such, these identities become a crucial
object of intra-organizational gatekeeping. Focusing on three performance appraisal interviews and using a social-realist
discourse-analytical approach, I demonstrate how the superior’s interactional identity negotiations either mold or silence
dissident identities depending on the employee’s future professional aspirations. Finally, the implications of these interactional
negotiation processes for NWO-ways of working are discussed.
Parentheses used as pragmatic strategies in Chinese online socialization
Authors: Li Jie , Lin Yanling 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper details the use of parentheses as pragmatic strategies in Chinese network socialization. The data were collected from Weibo, Wechat, QQ and other online social platforms, and analyzed from the perspective of Cyberpragmatics. We consider the pragmatic features and functions of parentheses as an indivisible part of the whole unit in relation to emojis or graphicons. As pragmatic strategies, parentheses aid speakers in indirectly performing various pragmatic intentions, like adding supplementary information to the interaction, isolating different topics, and contrasting content between the text outside and within parentheses. Further pragmatic functions realized by parentheses include indirectly conveying intention, relieving communicative awkwardness and adjusting interlocutors expectations. We conclude that using parentheses as pragmatic strategies in network socialization is the result of the evolution of the Internet language, and varies from the use of other emojis, which directly convey intentions and meaning.
Low‐ or moderate‐carbohydrate calorie–restricted diets have similar effects on body composition and taekwondo performance after high‐carbohydrate recovery meals
Authors: Hsu Chin , Huang Yun‐Wen , Lin Shu‐Mei , Lu Ching‐Shih , Chen Chung‐Yu , Chang Chen‐Kang 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTLow‐carbohydrate (LC) diets are popular among general and athletic populations attempting to lose body mass. This study investigated the effect of a 7‐day LC or moderate‐carbohydrate (MC) calorie–restricted diet followed by 18‐h recovery on body composition and taekwondo‐specific performance. In this randomised cross‐over study, 12 male taekwondo athletes consumed an LC (10% of carbohydrate, 41% of protein, 49% of fat, and 15.8 ± 0.4 kcal/kg/day) or an isocaloric MC diet (60% of carbohydrate, 30% of protein, and 10% of fat) for 7 days. The participants then consumed a carbohydrate‐rich recovery dinner (39.2 ± 3.1 kcal/kg) followed by breakfast (6.2 ± 0.4 kcal/kg) in both the trials. Three repeated sprint ability (RSA) tests were conducted after breakfast. The taekwondo‐specific reaction battery was administered before the first RSA test and after each RSA test. The participants experienced similar magnitudes of significant loss of body mass in the LC (−2.4 ± 1.7%) and MC (−2.3 ± 1.7%) trials. Fat mass and fat percentage significantly decreased in the MC trial but remained unchanged in the LC trial after body mass loss. Fat free mass was maintained in both the trials. The average and peak power in the RSA tests and the premotor reaction time were similar between the trials. The participants experienced significantly higher fatigue in the LC trial. In conclusion, both the diets can help athletes rapidly lose body mass while maintaining performance as long as an adequate amount of carbohydrate is consumed during the recovery period.
Physics and technology of thermoelectric materials and devices
Authors: Dadhich Akshara , Saminathan Madhuvathani , Kumari Kaushalya , Perumal Suresh , Ramachandra Rao M S , Sethupathi Kanikrishnan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The continuous depletion of fossil fuels and the increasing demand for eco-friendly and sustainable energy sources have prompted researchers to look for alternative energy sources. The loss of thermal energy in heat engines (100 °C–350 °C), coal-based thermal plants (150 °C–700 °C), heated water pumping in the geothermal process (150 °C–700 °C), and burning of petrol in the automobiles (150 °C–250 °C) in form of untapped waste-heat can be directly and/or reversibly converted into usable electricity by means of charge carriers (electrons or holes) as moving fluids using thermoelectric (TE) technology, which works based on typical Seebeck effect. The enhancement in TE conversion efficiency has been a key challenge because of the coupled relation between thermal and electrical transport of charge carriers in a given material. In this review, we have deliberated the physical concepts governing the materials to device performance as well as key challenges for enhancing the TE performance. Moreover, the role of crystal structure in the form of chemical bonding, crystal symmetry, order–disorder and phase transition on charge carrier transport in the material has been explored. Further, this review has also emphasized some insights on various approaches employed recently to improve the TE performance, such as, (i) carrier engineering via band engineering, low dimensional effects, and energy filtering effects and (ii) phonon engineering via doping/alloying, nano-structuring, embedding secondary phases in the matrix and microstructural engineering. We have also briefed the importance of magnetic elements on thermoelectric properties of the selected materials and spin Seebeck effect. Furthermore, the design and fabrication of TE modules and their major challenges are also discussed. As, thermoelectric figure of merit, zT does not have any theoretical limitation, an ideal high performance thermoelectric device should consist of low-cost, eco-friendly, efficient, n- or p-type materials that operate at wide-temperature range and similar coefficients of thermal expansion, suitable contact materials, less electrical/thermal losses and constant source of thermal energy. Overall, this review provides the recent physical concepts adopted and fabrication procedures of TE materials and device so as to improve the fundamental understanding and to develop a promising TE device.
Investigation of high-concentration toluene degradation by DBD plasma under different operating parameters
Authors: Ge Guowei , Lei Hong , Yao Xiaomei , Fang Yingbo , Cheng Xian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper studies the degradation effect of high-concentration toluene in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma under different operating conditions. The degradation efficiency and energy yield (EY) were comprehensively evaluated by a response surface method under different operating parameters (discharge powers, gas flow rate, and initial concentrations) in the DBD plasma system. The results showed that the EY and degradation efficiency could reach 22.17 g kWh−1 and 72.3% when discharge power, initial concentration, and gas flow rate were 5.49 W, 1374.5 ppm, and 529.5 ml min−1, respectively. Furthermore, a mineralization effect was also analyzed related to different operating parameters. When the gas flow rate was 600 ml min−1 and the initial concentration was 2500 ppm, the CO
x
selectivity could reach 98.5%. Through analysis of the effect of oxygen content in the background gas on high-concentration toluene degradation, it was found that oxygen content had a significant effect on the formation of oxygen-containing active substances. Emission spectra showed that normal air discharge occurred in the discharge space of the DBD plasma, and nitrogen-containing active substances were generated. Therefore, active substances containing oxygen and nitrogen played an important role in DBD plasma degradation of high-concentration toluene.
Deep learning-based corrosion-like defect localization technique for high-voltage cable aluminum sheaths using guided waves
Authors: Zhang Bin , Luo Zewen , Hong Xiaobin , Jin Gang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
High-voltage cable accessories are important parts of a power system and are needed to ensure the reliability of electrical connections. However, their aluminum sheaths are prone to corrosion under complex working conditions, which has a detrimental effect on the normal operation of the electric system. Ultrasonic guided wave detection is a promising non-destructive testing method suited to detecting aluminum sheath corrosion in complex high-voltage cable accessory structures. However, current ultrasonic guided wave detection methods still require manual extraction of the signal features and have a high reliance on professional knowledge. This paper proposes a deep learning-based corrosion-like defect localization technique for high-voltage cable aluminum sheaths using guided waves. First, the original ultrasonic guided wave signals of corrosion defects at different locations are obtained using an ultrasonic guided wave detection platform. Then, the original signals are input into a variable auto-encoder (VAE) network to obtain a low-dimensional representation for automatic feature extraction. Finally, the low-dimensional representation is input into a gated recurrent unit (GRU) based recurrent network for corrosion defect localization. In the feature extraction stage, the VAE can automatically extract the effective features and avoid the interference of noisy signals. In the defect localization stage, the GRU can accurately identify the location of corrosion defects. The experimental results indicate that the VAE-GRU method is capable of accurately identifying corrosion defects based on the original signals.
Improvement and compensation of temperature drift of scale factor of a SOI-based MEMS differential capacitive accelerometer
Authors: Zhai Yanxin , Xu Tiantong , Xu Guoqiang , Cao Xiaoda , Yang Chunhui , Li Haiwang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the analysis and improvement of temperature characteristics of Si-based capacitive accelerometers has received considerable research attention in the field of Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors. Generally, the influence of temperature on the accelerometers can be mitigated by optimizing the structural design and compensating the output signal. Herein, the output characteristics of an accelerometer designed with asymmetrically arranged combs were analyzed under various temperatures. The purpose of this paper is to improve the temperature drift of scale factor (TDSF) of MEMS capacitive accelerometer, using the asymmetric layout structure to improve the TDSF fundamentally, and the least square method to achieve temperature compensation efficiently. The variations in the TDSF were compared for the symmetric and asymmetric structures. In addition, we modeled the accelerometer with an asymmetric structure for simulations to analyze the errors resulting from the electrostatic torsion phenomenon induced by the asymmetric structure. Moreover, a temperature compensation model was developed for the scale factor of the accelerometer, which was validated and verified with the data obtained from simulations and experiment. Furthermore, an accelerometer based on silicon on insulator was fabricated and tested to verify the simulation results and the compensation effects. According to the results, the scale factor of the studied accelerometer was 171.83 mV g−1 and the average value of the TDSF was 83.56 ppm °C−1 Overall, the experimental results were almost consistent with the simulation results. Under the asymmetric layout, the scale-factor stability improvement of the accelerometer could reach up to 86.96%, and the error caused by electrostatic torsion was ∼2.93%, which is relatively negligible. After compensation, the range and standard deviation of the scale factor of the accelerometer with respect to temperature were reduced by 94.46% and 95.69%, respectively, and the average value of TDSF was reduced by 95.90%, which verified the effectiveness of the compensation model.
On the robustness of multilateration of ionoacoustic signals for localization of the Bragg peak at pre-clinical proton beam energies in water
Authors: Kalunga Ronaldo , Wieser Hans-Peter , Dash Pratik , Würl Matthias , Riboldi Marco , Schreiber Jörg , Assmann Walter , Parodi Katia , Lascaud Julie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives. The energy deposited in a medium by a pulsed proton beam results in the emission of thermoacoustic waves, also called ionoacoustics (IA). The proton beam stopping position (Bragg peak) can be retrieved from a time-of-flight analysis (ToF) of IA signals acquired at different sensor locations (multilateration). This work aimed to assess the robustness of multilateration methods in proton beams at pre-clinical energies for the development of a small animal irradiator. Approach. The accuracy of multilateration performed using different algorithms; namely, time of arrival and time difference of arrival, was investigated in-silico for ideal point sources in the presence of realistic uncertainties on the ToF estimation and ionoacoustic signals generated by a 20 MeV pulsed proton beam stopped in a homogeneous water phantom. The localisation accuracy was further investigated experimentally based on two different measurements with pulsed monoenergetic proton beams at energies of 20 and 22 MeV. Main results. It was found that the localisation accuracy mainly depends on the position of the acoustic detectors relative to the proton beam due to spatial variation of the error on the ToF estimation. By optimally positioning the sensors to reduce the ToF error, the Bragg peak could be located in-silico with an accuracy better than 90 μm (2% error). Localisation errors going up to 1 mm were observed experimentally due to inaccurate knowledge of the sensor positions and noisy ionoacoustic signals. Significance. This study gives a first overview of the implementation of different multilateration methods for ionoacoustics-based Bragg peak localisation in two- and three-dimensions at pre-clinical energies. Different sources of uncertainty were investigated, and their impact on the localisation accuracy was quantified in-silico and experimentally.
A novel method for identifying damage in transverse joints of arch dams from seismic responses based on the feature of local dynamic continuity interruption
Authors: Wei Qingyang , Shen Lei , Cao Maosen , Jiang Yazhou , Qian Xiangdong , Wang Jie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Without the difficulty of applying particular excitations on arch dams, a method using the correlation coefficients of time-scale representations (CCTSRs) of seismic responses to identify the damage in transverse joints is proposed. The identification of damage using the CCTSR method is characterized by comparing the time-scale representations (TSRs) of paired seismic accelerations measured from two neighboring points crossing the transverse joints horizontally. With the CCTSR method, the TSRs of measured seismic accelerations are produced with the continuous wavelet transform; the comparison of the TSRs is carried out by calculating the correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficients of the paired TSRs are combined with the defined damage intervals to evaluate the positions and severities of the damage. The method’s feasibility is numerically verified via the identification of the damage in transverse joints by discussing the effects of the wavelet functions, seismic excitations, and noise resistance. The method’s effectiveness is experimentally validated via the detection of the damage in transverse joints of a scaled arch dam model subjected to artificial seismic loads. The proposed CCTSR method can localize the positions of various damage scenarios and quantify the damage severities caused by progressive seismic loads.