bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(β‐hydroxythioether)s as shape memory polymer foams for oil sorption in aquatic environments
Authors: Guggenbiller Grant , Al Balushi Ali , Weems Andrew C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOil spills in aquatic environments represent a significant ongoing threat to aquatic life due to the persistence of oil films or slick. While many methods are available for open ocean waterways, interior waterways represent a different set of challenges. To that end, we propose the use of poly(β‐hydroxythioether) (PBHTE) shape memory polymer foams as a highly porous, low density solid for environmental remediation through oil collection. PBHTE foams are produced through thiol‐epoxy “click” reactions in the presence of an organobase, with gas blown foaming producing the highly porous scaffold with tunable pore sizes and salt‐leaching yielding smaller pore sizes (~400 μm). The different porosities are used here for studying the oil sorption as functions of time and environmental temperature for different pore sizes and compositions. The PBHTE material demonstrated two different Tgs when dry versus wet to compare against environmental differences. While dry the foam showed a Tgof 51.5°C and conversely when wet the Tgwas at 25°C. The foams were compared to see how the pore size will affect the oil sorption of the material and how it can be optimized for oil spills in interior water ways. The pore sizes analyzed were 400 μm, 800 μm, and 1100 μm. The relationship of pore size, temperature of the oil system during sorption, and time in the oil system seemed to have the largest impact on the sorption of oil during this study. The peak conditions for maximum oil sorption yielded the best performer being the 800 μm foam at 10°C after 15 h of sorption yielding a 2250% sorption, comparable with graphene and other low density sorption materials. Ultimately, the role of density in scavenging, along with a literature review, is used to assemble a density vs sorption Ashby chart to provide insight into the different materials available for such environmental remediation. In this context, PBHTE foams represent a new, promising class of material capable of absorbing oil in aquatic environments.
Sulfonate betaine modifiedPVDF/SiO2composite electrolyte for solid state lithium ion battery
Authors: Hou Hongying , Huang Baoxiang , Yu Xiaohua , Lan Jian , Chen Fangshu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHigh thermal stability, mechanical property and electrochemical stability of polyvinylidene fluorid (PVDF) make it a promising solid electrolyte polymer matrix. However, it also faces some challenges such as low ionic conductivity, high crystallinity degree and the absence of reactive groups. Herein, PVDF powder was modified by chemical grafting amphiprotic sulfonate betaine (SB) for solid electrolyte (SB‐PVDF) with high ionic conductivity and chemical stability. Furthermore, to improve the mechanical property and reduce the crystallinity degree of SB‐PVDF, 3%, 6% and 9% SiO2nanospheres were also incorporated into SB‐PVDF, and the resultant composite polymer solid electrolytes were marked as 3% SiO2/SB‐PVDF, 6% SiO2/SB‐PVDF, 9% SiO2/SB‐PVDF. The results showed that 6% SiO2/SB‐PVDF membrane exhibited the best overall performances, possibly due to the synergistic effect of amphiprotic SB modification and uniform dispersion of SiO2filler in PVDF matrix. For example, the solid‐state battery Li//6%SiO2/SB‐PVDF//LiFePO4delivered the initial discharge capacity of 153.0 mAh/g at 0.2 C and the reversible discharge capacity of 124.4 mAh/g at 1.0 C with the capacity retention rate of 93.8%, indicating high feasibility for solid‐state lithium ion battery.
Projections from LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + zona incerta neurons to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei of the rat
Authors: Oh Sung‐Gyoon , Lee Eun‐Yeup , Lee Hyun‐Sook 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA recent report suggested that LIM homeobox 6 (Lhx6) + GABA‐releasing neurons of the ventral zona incerta (VZI) promote sleep, particularly paradoxical sleep (PS). While their potential involvement in sleep still needs to be firmly confirmed, little is known about their specific input/output connections with widespread brain regions, including those involved in sleep. Thus, the present study was designed to examine whether Lhx6‐expressing neurons (in parallel to intermingled MCH‐expressing ones) may send efferent projections to cholinergic and/or monoaminergic nuclei from basal forebrain (BF) to brainstem (BS). Based on the present observations, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the BF and BS cholinergic nuclei over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were approximately 5.9% and 6.9%, respectively. Likewise, the proportions of Lhx6+ neuronal projection to the dorsal raphe and locus coeruleus over the total number of Lhx6+ VZI cells were about 4.3% and 3.9%, respectively. In addition, Lhx6+ cells projecting to the cholinergic or monoaminergic nuclei were scattered along the entire dorsal‐to‐ventral extent of the VZI. Based on the present as well as our previous observations, it is suggested that Lhx6+ VZI neurons might play an important role in the regulation of PS, partly via the neural network involving the cholinergic as well as monoaminergic nuclei of the rat.
Evolution of gliding in squirrel‐related rodents (Mammalia: Sciuromorpha) did not induce a new optimum on the cortical thickness of the scapular glenoid fossa
Authors: Berghäuser Timo , Nyakatura John A. , Wölfer Jan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMany of the squirrel‐related rodents (i.e., Sciuromorpha) are tree‐dwelling species known to be very agile climbers. This taxon also includes the most diverse clade of gliding (aerial) mammals that likely descended from a non‐gliding arboreal ancestor and evolved a patagium (i.e., a gliding membrane) to increase gliding performance. Glides can cover distances of up to 150 m and landing is typically accomplished by stalling the patagium to reduce impact velocity. It remains unclear if this behavior suffices to keep stresses on the locomotor apparatus similar to those experienced by their arboreal relatives or whether gliding behavior increases landing forces and stresses. The sparsely available support reaction force data are ambiguous, but bone microstructure is highly adaptable to changes in loading regime and likely provides insights into this question. Using μCT scans, we compared the cortical thickness of the glenoid fossa of the shoulder joint between arboreal and aerial Sciuromorpha using evolutionary model comparison, while also accounting for regional differences of the glenoid fossa. We did not find any differences between these locomotor behaviors, irrespective of the glenoid region. These findings agree with previous analyses of the microstructure of the femur in Sciuromorpha. We discuss different aspects that could explain the similarity in cortical thickness. According to our analysis of glenoid cortical thickness the loading regime appears not to have changed after the evolution of gliding locomotion, likely due to adjustments in landing performance.
Application of SERS in In‐Vitro Biomedical Detection
Authors: Chen Yunfan , An Qi , Teng Kaixuan , Liu Chao , Sun Fuwei , Li Guangtao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), as a rapid and nondestructive biological detection method, holds great promise for clinical on spot and early diagnosis. In order to address the challenging demands of on spot detection of biomedical samples, a variety of strategies has been developed. These strategies include substrate structural and component engineering, data processing techniques, as well as combination with other analytical methods. This report summarizes the recent SERS developments for biomedical detection, and their promising applications in cancer detection, virus or bacterial infection detection, miscarriage spotting, neurological disease screening et al. The first part discusses the frequently used SERS substrate component and structures, the second part reports on the detection strategies for nucleic acids, proteins, bacteria, and virus, the third part summarizes their promising applications in clinical detection in a variety of illnesses, and the forth part reports on recent development of SERS in combination with other analytical techniques. The special merits, challenges, and perspectives are discussed in both introduction and conclusion sections.
Shortening the biologics clinical timeline with a novel method for generating stable, high‐producing cell pools and clones
Authors: Hall Chad A. , Kravitz Rachel H. , Johnson Karl F. , Sanek Nicholas A. , Maiti Payel , Ziemba Keith R. , Liu Jia , Andreev Dmitri O. , Chrostowski Victoria L. , Collins Ian J. , Bleck Gregory T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractReducing drug development timelines is an industry‐wide goal to bring medicines to patients in need more quickly. This was exemplified in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic where reducing development timelines had a direct impact on the number of lives lost to the disease. The use of drug substances produced using cell pools, as opposed to clones, has the potential to shorten development timelines. Toward this goal, we have developed a novel technology, GPEx® Lightning, that allows for rapid, reproducible, targeted recombination of transgenes into more than 200 Dock sites in the Chinese hamster ovary cell line genome. This allows for rapid production of high‐expressing stable cell pools and clones that reach titers of 4–12 g/l in generic fed‐batch production. These pools and clones are highly stable in both titer and glycosylation, showing strong similarities in glycosylation profiles.
Dizziness in a tertiary neurological department: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Shen Youjin , Liu Wentao , Qi Xiaokun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and objectiveDizziness is a common and challenging symptom, which can be caused by different pathophysiological mechanisms and might affect a large number of population. However, up to now, there have been limited research on the characteristics of dizziness as the chief complaint in hospitalized patients in the Department of Neurology. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the hospitalized patients with dizziness as their chief complaint in the Department of Neurology.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we conducted a retrospective document analysis of hospitalized patients admitted to a tertiary neurological department with the symptom of dizziness during the period of September 2019 to December 2020. We included 211 patients with dizziness as their chief complaint from 1841 patients admitted to this tertiary neurological department during that period.ResultsOf all 1841 hospitalized patients, those with dizziness as the chief complaint accounted for 11.5% and most of their past medical history included hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease. Among these 211 patients, dizziness was more common in women than in men (p = .004). More patients presented with vertigo (40.8%) and light‐headedness (39.8%) than disequilibrium (17.1%) and pre‐syncope (2.4%). Nausea (48.3%), vomiting (34.1%), headache (13.3%), walking unsteadily (13.3%), and ear symptoms (12.8%) were the most common concomitant symptoms. Dix‐Hallpike test (24.6%) and Romberg's sign (11.4%) were positive in these dizzy patients. Nystagmus (2.4%), vision changes (1.4%), and hearing disorders (8.5%) were relatively rare symptoms. Common auxiliary examinations were performed, such as magnetic resonance imaging (60.2%), computed tomography (31.8%), carotid duplex ultrasound (30.8%), and echocardiography (28.0%). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (24.2%) and stroke/transient ischemic attack (19.0%) were confirmed to be common causes of dizziness. Note that 97.2% of dizzy patients were in improved recovery after treatment.ConclusionThe diagnosis and management of dizziness remain a challenge for clinicians. Vertigo and light‐headedness were the most common symptoms among different types of dizziness. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and stroke/transient ischemic attack were among the leading causes for common dizziness disorders. The prognosis of most dizzy patients was good.
Microsampling tools for collecting, processing, and storing blood at the point‐of‐care
Authors: Baillargeon Keith R. , Mace Charles R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the wake of the COVID‐19 global pandemic, self‐administered microsampling tools have reemerged as an effective means to maintain routine healthcare assessments without inundating hospitals or clinics. Finger‐stick collection of blood is easily performed at home, in the workplace, or at the point‐of‐care, obviating the need for a trained phlebotomist. While the initial collection of blood is facile, the diagnostic or clinical utility of the sample is dependent on how the sample is processed and stored prior to transport to an analytical laboratory. The past decade has seen incredible innovation for the development of new materials and technologies to collect low‐volume samples of blood with excellent precision that operate independently of the hematocrit effect. The final application of that blood (i.e., the test to be performed) ultimately dictates the collection and storage approach as certain materials or chemical reagents can render a sample diagnostically useless. Consequently, there is not a single microsampling tool that is capable of addressing every clinical need at this time. In this review, we highlight technologies designed for patient‐centric microsampling blood at the point‐of‐care and discuss their utility for quantitative sampling as a function of collection material and technique. In addition to surveying methods for collecting and storing whole blood, we emphasize the need for direct separation of the cellular and liquid components of blood to produce cell‐free plasma to expand clinical utility. Integrating advanced functionality while maintaining simple user operation presents a viable means of revolutionizing self‐administered microsampling, establishing new avenues for innovation in materials science, and expanding access to healthcare.
A scoping review on the trends of digital anatomy education
Authors: Adnan Sharmeen , Xiao Junhua 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDigital technologies are changing the landscape of anatomy education. To reveal the trend of digital anatomy education across medical science disciplines, searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE bibliographic databases for research articles published from January 2010 to June 2021 (inclusive). The search was restricted to publications written in English language and to articles describing teaching tools in undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy and pre‐vocational clinical anatomy training courses. Among 156 included studies across six health disciplines, 35% used three‐dimensional (3D) digital printing tools, 24.2% augmented reality (AR), 22.3% virtual reality (VR), 11.5% web‐based programs, and 4.5% tablet‐based apps. There was a clear discipline‐dependent preference in the choice and employment of digital anatomy education. AR and VR were the more commonly adopted digital tools for medical and surgical anatomy education, while 3D printing is more broadly used for nursing, allied health and dental health education compared to other digital resources. Digital modalities were predominantly adopted for applied interactive anatomy education and primarily in advanced anatomy curricula such as regional anatomy and neuroanatomy. Moreover, there was a steep increase in VR anatomy combining digital simulation for surgical anatomy training. There is a consistent increase in the adoption of digital modalities in anatomy education across all included health disciplines. AR and VR anatomy incorporating digital simulation will play a more prominent role in medical education of the future. Combining multimodal digital resources that supports blended and interactive learning will further modernize anatomy education, moving medical education further away from its didactic history.
MicroRNA 200a as a histologically independent marker for meningioma recurrence: Results of a four microRNA panel analysis in meningiomas
Authors: Urbschat Steffi , Landau Benjamin , Bewersdorf Nina‐Christin , Schuster Celine , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. , Oertel Joachim , Ketter Ralf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionMeningiomas are mostly benign neoplasms of the central nervous system. Nevertheless there are recurrences in about 20% after surgical resection. Previous studies could reveal several predictors of meningioma recurrence. Tumor progression often is associated with a specific pattern of chromosome losses. Our study investigated the potential function of selected microRNAs as markers of tumor progression.MethodsBy real‐time polymerase chain reaction the expressions of microRNA 21‐3p, 34a‐3p, 200a‐3p, and 409‐3p were analyzed in solid tumor and in blood samples of 51 meningioma patients as well as in blood samples of 20 healthy individuals. Additionally, aberrations of parts of chromosomes 1, 14, 18, and 22 were analyzed by FISH. Tumor and blood samples were statistically analyzed, using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient as well as Mann–Whitney U‐ and Kruskal–Wallis‐Test.ResultsMicroRNA 200a showed significantly lower expressions in recurrent meningiomas than in newly diagnosed ones. MicroRNA 409 in meningiomas was correlated significantly with tumor volume and showed a significant negative correlation with patient age. Significance was found between the expression patterns of microRNAs 34a and 200a with the respective aberrations of chromosome 1p and the microRNA 409 with aberration of chromosome 14. In the male cohort the expression of microRNA 200a in blood was significantly upregulated in patients compared to healthy volunteers. By our research the function of microRNA 200a was proved to detect meningioma patients by liquid biopsy.ConclusionWe detected microRNA 200a as a new biomarker to indicate meningioma recurrences. Future transferability to blood could be important for patient follow‐up.
Machine Learning an Intelligent Approach in Process Industries: A Perspective and Overview
Authors: Khan Nadia , Ammar Taqvi Syed Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe field of machine learning has proven to be a powerful approach in smart manufacturing and processing in the chemical and process industries. This review provides a systematic overview of current state of artificial intelligence and machine learning and their applications in textile, nuclear power plant, fertilizer, water treatment, and oil and gas industries. Moreover, this study reveals the current dominant machine learning methods, pre and post processing of models, increased utilization of machine learning in terms of fault detection, prediction, optimization, quality control, and maintenance in these sectors. In addition, this review gives the insight into the actual benefits and impact of each method, and complications in their extensive deployment. Finally in the current impressive state, challenges, future development in terms of algorithm and infrastructure aspects are highlighted.
Cytochrome C with Peroxidase‐like Activity Supported on Plasmonic AuNPs: Improved Stability and Enhanced Nanobioplasmonic Catalytic Conversion
Authors: da Silva Rafael T. P. , de Barros Heloise R. , Fernandes Rafaella F. , Temperini Marcia L. A. , Cordoba de Torresi Susana I. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetallic nanoparticles have been extensively used to adsorb biomolecules and improve their stability under broader conditions. This study focuses on the interaction of Cytochrome C (CytC) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP), CytC@AuNP. Circular dichroism (CD) and Raman show significant differences in secondary structure, mainly in α‐helix. CD ramp temperatures revealed enhanced thermal stability of CytC@AuNP, as evidenced by a refolding of the α‐helix conformation of CytC and a delay in denaturation temperature by approximately 15 °C. Catalytic oxidation performed with CytC@AuNP showed a hyperbolic profile up to 104 % higher yields compared to CytC, which exhibited a linear profile and 30 % loss of activity after thermal treatment. The same reaction performed upon plasmon stimulus comparatively increased the catalytic yield of CytC@AuNP in 12 %, although it had no effect on free CytC. This study highlights the advantages of adsorbing biomolecules on nanoparticles and is a glimpse at plasmon‐driven nanobiocatalysis.
The GCM‐FE Method for the Advanced Analysis of Steel Frameworks and Connections
Authors: Yan Shen , Wan Wodong , Rasmussen Kim J.R. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Generalised Component Method (GCM) has recently been formulated for analysing the full‐range nonlinear response of connections, incorporating the elastic and inelastic stiffnesses, the post‐ultimate softening as well as the ductility of each component. In this paper, the GCM is implemented in an FE analysis framework of steel structural frames. The paper explains the key elements of the FE modelling, such as the integration of the connection model with adjoining members, the accurate representation of components, and the automatic modelling technique using Python scripts. The framework, termed the GCM‐FE joint modelling method, is then validated against experimental results for bolted top‐and‐seat angle connections, and used to analyse a two‐storey four‐bay irregular steel frame. The GCM‐FE analysis is shown to provide substantially greater insight into the performance of connections than the simplified joint models used in traditional analysis. It not only provides the ultimate resistance and failure mode of the frame, considering both members and connections, but also accurately predicts the load‐redistribution process inside the connections and the resultant effect on the structural framework. The GCM‐FE analysis presents a major step towards the complete direct design of steel frameworks by advanced analysis, and lays the foundation for the next generation of structural design standards in which the strength and structural safety checks of both members and connections are performed in a single step at system level.
EAACA net‐zero roadmap for autoclaved aerated concrete
Authors: Turski Robert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis roadmap sets out a pathway for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete products to reach net‐zero emissions by 2050 with the potential to become carbon negative, thereby absorbing more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they produce. The roadmap aligns the European Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Association (EAACA) and its members with the objectives of the Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C and supports policies to decarbonize Europe's buildings and construction sectors.