bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Fiber Cement Reinforced With Cellulose Pulp Modified by Plasma Treatment With Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
Authors: SCHIAVI LAÍS SALVIANO DE OLIVEIRA , GONÇALVES MATEUS AQUINO , SILVA ADRIANA DE OLIVEIRA DELGADO , RANGEL ELIDIANE CIPRIANO , RAMALHO TEODORICO CASTRO , MENDES RAFAEL FARINASSI , VAZ LÍVIA ELISABETH VASCONCELLOS DE SIQUEIRA BRANDÃO 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Cellulose pulp in cementitious matrix has been investigated due to its high tensile strength, which improves the mechanical properties of the composites. However, its high hydrophilicity is harmful to this kind of materials and may result in a reduction in the material's durability. In this work, to improve the matrix/reinforcement interaction in fiber cement, the surface of the cellulose pulp was modified by means of plasma treatment with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Fiber cement composite was produced from treated pulps. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the cellulose pulp. Theoretical calculations were developed to simulate the interaction of treated pulp and cementitious matrix and suggested the interaction of hydrogen between the molecules. There was a reduction in moisture absorption in the cellulose pulp. Cement-cellulose compatibility was adequate. The best results were obtained for the treatment with 0.10 Torr SF6.
Clinical and pathological characteristics of completely endophytic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zhenjie , Lou Jianmin , He Yedie , Zhu Shaoxing , Chen Jinchao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

ObjectiveCompletely endophytic renal cell carcinoma (CERCC) is surrounded by non-tumoral renal parenchyma. This study aimed to compare the presentation, pathology, treatment, and outcomes of patients with CERCC or non-CERCC (NCERCC).Materials and MethodsData from patients with localized RCC were retrospectively collected from January 2009 to March 2022. They were classified as CERCC or NCERCC according to the location of the tumor in the kidney. A total of 67 cases of CERCC and 813 cases of NCERCC were included.ResultsCERCC accounted for 7.6% of all localized RCC. For patients with CERCC, the mean age was 58.5 years old, 59.7% (40/67) of the patients were male, and 20.9% of the patients presented with symptoms that were not significantly different from those with NCERCC. Pathologically, CERCCs were smaller (2.9 vs. 4.4, P<0.001) and had an earlier stage than NCERCCs. There was a significant difference in the distribution of pathological types between the two groups. However, the distribution of the pathological grades showed no significant differences. During the median follow-up period of 52 months, patients with CERCC tended to live longer than those with NCERCC (p=0.118).ConclusionCERCC is a renal tumor with a special location and differs in terms of tumor size, stage, pathology, and prognosis with NCERCC.
Prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases in indigenous populations of South Asia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Khatoon Sajda , Bhattacharya Paramita , Mukherjee Nirmalya , Menon Jaideep , Janakiram Chandrashekar , Rajendran Ambigai , Das Pritha , John Denny 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective: Theobjective of this review is to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of non-communicable diseases among the adult indigenous populations of South Asia.
Introduction: Indigenous communities in South Asia have undergone a rapid epidemiologic transformation with non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) currently accounting for around 60% of all deaths with ischemic heart disease, stroke and diabetes being the leading causes. Studies have also reported an increase in the prevalence of NCD in indigenous populations.
Inclusion criteria: Conditions included in this review are hypertension, stroke, oral diseases, mental health, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers (Head and neck cancers, Lung Cancer, Liver Cancer, Stomach Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Esophageal Cancer, Breast Cancer), eye diseases, Chronic Kidney Disease, Leukemia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Liver Cirrhosis, Ischemic Heart Disease, Hypertensive Heart Disease, Cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, neoplasms and skin diseases in adults (above 18 year)s from the indigenous populations in South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). Outcomes will include studies estimating the prevalence and incidence of the conditions mentioned above. Risk factors will include conditions that maybe be associated with pre-existing condition and outcomes as defined by guidelines from Conducting Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies of Etiology (COSMOS-E).
Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Shodhganga, and gray literature will be searched for relevant studies published, since inception. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles/abstracts and full texts using JBI SUMARI software, and any disagreements will be managed in discussion with a third reviewer. Included studies will be critically appraised for quality and eligibility and data extracted accordingly. If possible, pooled prevalence for prevalence and pooled OR/RR for determinants will be conducted, and heterogeneity will be tested. Subgroup analyses for country, age, sex and NCD type will be conducted based on available data. The characteristics and results of included studies will be summarized using tables, supplemented by a narrative summary.
Registration No: PROSPERO CRD42022331898
The Influence of Sentence Focus on Mental Simulation: The Possible Cause of ACE Instability
Authors: Jin Hua , Zhou Guangfang , Li Xiang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the instability of the action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE). The current study was designed to demonstrate the hypothesis that the instability of the ACE may be attributed to the instability of focused information in a sentence. A pilot study indicated that the focused information of sentences was relatively stable in the sentence-picture verification task but exhibited significant interindividual variability in the action-sentence compatibility paradigm in previous studies. Experiments 1 and 2 examined the effect of sentence focus on the match effect and the ACE by manipulating the focused information of sentences using the focus marker word (is). Experiment 1 found that the match effect occurred in the original sentence, while it disappeared when the word (is) was used to make an object noun no longer the focus of a sentence. Experiment 2 failed to observe the ACE regardless of whether the sentence focus was on the action information. Experiment 3 modified the focus manipulation to observe its impact on the ACE by using different fonts and underlines to highlight the focused information. The results indicated that the ACE only occurred when the action information was the sentence focus. These findings suggest that sentence focus influences the mental simulation, and the instability of the ACE is likely to be associated with the instability of sentence focus in previous studies. This outcome highlights the crucial role of identifying specific information as the critical element expressed in the current linguistic context for successful simulation.
Determination of refractive error and strabismus in two primary schools
Authors: Halboos Mustafa Tawfeeq , Mohammed Marrwan Hisham , Al-Jenabi Ziyad Kamel , M.Sc. Noor Khamees Hamad 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Refractive errors are frequently found among school children due to various factors such as genetics and lack of parental attention towards regular eye check-ups by an ophthalmologist. It is crucial to conduct visual examinations in schools to identify and address any eye-related issues promptly.
Aim: The objective is to evaluate the level of refractive error and strabismus among students in two primary schools located in Babylon City, Iraq.
Method: From October 20, 2021, to February 1, 2022, cross-sectional, retrospective research was conducted at two primary schools, Al-Nidal and Al, in Babylon, Iraq, for children aged 7 to 12 years.
Result: One thousand twenty pupils. We excluded eight students from this study. They participated (2028 eyes) at two primary schools in the Iraqi city of Babylon. There were 422 male students (41.3 %) and 592 female students (57.9%), mean age was 9.7 ± 1.6 (range, 5-12) years. Congenital, acquired, and normal eyes were found in 78 (7.6%), 62 (6.1%), and 874 (85.5%) students, respectively(P<.001). We found emmetropia most common in two primary schools; myopia was more than hypermetropia, astigmatism, and amblyopia was 80.0%, 9.0%, 7.2%, 2.9%, and 4.1%students, respectively.
Conclusion: A study conducted in Babylon, Iraq revealed a high occurrence of uncorrected refractive errors in elementary school students. This finding highlights a significant health issue for young individuals, which calls for immediate action to address and rectify. Regular visual acuity tests should be conducted annually to identify and correct any refractive errors.
Trace Metal Leaching through a Soil–Grassland System after Sewage Sludge Application
Authors: Keller C. , McGrath S. P. , Dunham S. J. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTTo determine whether sludge applications to soil would lead in the short term to toxicity to plants and trace metal leaching to ground water, we studied the fate of some trace and major elements in a brown soil–meadow system just after repeated sewage sludge applications. The main pathways were quantified over a 37‐mo period with undisturbed monolith lysimeters including two controls, four lysimeters treated with 3 × 100 m3 ha−1, and four with 3 × 400 m3 ha−1 of sewage sludge. In drainage waters the effect was limited in time and, in the case of NO3–N and Cl, delayed by 1 to 4 mo and lasted several months before returning to background conditions. Nickel and Cu concentrations in solution increased also after sludge application and had not return to background conditions after 20 mo. Trace metal concentrations did not reach toxic levels in herbage and N, Cu, Cd, and Zn concentrations were correlated with the first sludge input only. Calculated over a 37‐mo period, total element output was significantly increased for Ca, NO3–N, and Ni only, because of the time‐dependent response to sludge application and high variability between replicates. Output was maximal for Cd, with 1.5% of total input for the 100 m3 ha−1 treatment. Particulate matter in drainage water accounted for an average of 20% of trace metal leaching. The main long‐term risk was the rapid increase in trace metal concentrations in the topsoil, which may eventually lead to toxic levels in herbage.
Effect of Manure Application Timing, Crop, and Soil Type on Phosphorus Leaching
Authors: van Es H. M. , Schindelbeck R. R. , Jokela W. E. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) leaching losses from manure applications may be of concern when artificial drainage systems allow for hydrologic shortcuts to surface waters. This study quantified P leaching losses from liquid manure applications on two soil textural extremes, a clay loam and loamy sand soil, as affected by cropping system and timing of application. For each soil type, manure was applied at an annual rate of 93800 L ha−1 on replicated drained plots under maize (Zea mays L.) in early fall, late fall, early spring, and as a split application in early and late spring. Manure was applied on orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in split applications in early fall and late spring, and early and late spring. Drain water was sampled at least weekly when lines were flowing, and outflow rate and total P content were determined. High P leaching losses were measured in the clay loam as soon as drain lines initiated flow after manure application. Flow‐weighted mean P leaching losses on clay loam plots averaged 39 times higher (0.504 mg L−1) than those on loamy sand plots (0.013 mg L−1), and were above the USEPA level of concern of 0.1 mg L−1 Phosphorus losses varied among application seasons on the clay loam soil, with highest losses generally measured for early fall applications. Phosphorus leaching patterns in clay loam showed short‐term spikes and high losses were associated with high drain outflow rates, suggesting preferential flow as the main transport mechanism. Phosphorus leaching from manure applications on loamy sand soils does not pose environmental concerns as long as soil P levels remain below the saturation level.
Risk Characterization, Assessment, and Management of Organic Pollutants in Beneficially Used Residual Products
Authors: Kester Gregory B. , Brobst Robert B. , Carpenter Andrew , Chaney Rufus L. , Rubin Alan B. , Schoof Rosalind A. , Taylor David S. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTA wide array of organic chemicals occur in biosolids and other residuals recycled to land. The extent of our knowledge about the chemicals and the impact on recycling programs varies from high to very low. Two significant challenges in regulating these materials are to accurately determine the concentrations of the organic compounds in residuals and to appropriately estimate the risk that the chemicals present from land application or public distribution. This paper examines both challenges and offers strategies for assessing the risks related to the occurrence of organic compounds in residuals used as soil amendments. Important attributes that must be understood to appropriately characterize and manage the potential risks for organic chemicals in biosolids include toxicity and dose response, transport potential, chemical structure and environmental stability, analytical capability in the matrix of interest, concentrations and persistence in waste streams, plant uptake, availability from surface application versus incorporation, solubility factors, and environmental fate. This information is complete for only a few chemicals. Questions persist about the far greater number of chemicals for which toxicity and environmental behavior are less well understood. This paper provides a synopsis of analytical issues, risk assessment methodologies, and risk management screening alternatives for organic constituents in biosolids. Examples from experience in Wisconsin are emphasized but can be extrapolated for broader application.
Science of Odor as a Potential Health Issue
Authors: Schiffman Susan S. , Williams C. M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTHistorically, unpleasant odors have been considered warning signs or indicators of potential risks to human health but not necessarily direct triggers of health effects. However, citizen complaints to public health agencies suggest that odors may not simply serve as a warning of potential risks but that odor sensations themselves may cause health symptoms. Malodors emitted from large animal production facilities and wastewater treatment plants, for example, elicit complaints of eye, nose, and throat irritation, headache, nausea, diarrhea, hoarseness, sore throat, cough, chest tightness, nasal congestion, palpitations, shortness of breath, stress, drowsiness, and alterations in mood. There are at least three mechanisms by which ambient odors may produce health symptoms. First, symptoms can be induced by exposure to odorants (compounds with odor properties) at levels that also cause irritation or other toxicological effects. That is, irritation—rather than the odor—is the cause of the health symptoms, and odor (the sensation) simply serves as an exposure marker. Second, health symptoms from odorants at nonirritant concentrations can be due to innate (genetically coded) or learned aversions. Third, symptoms may be due to a copollutant (such as endotoxin) that is part of an odorant mixture. Objective biomarkers of health symptoms must be obtained, however, to determine if health complaints constitute health effects. One industry that is receiving much attention, worldwide, related to this subject is concentrated animal production agriculture. Sustainability of this industry will likely necessitate the development of new technologies to mitigate odorous aerial emissions. Examples of such “environmentally superior technologies” (EST) developed under the initiative sponsored through agreements between the Attorney General of North Carolina and Smithfield Foods and Premium Standard Farms are described.
Analysis of Soils to Demonstrate Sustained Organic Carbon Removal during Soil Aquifer Treatment
Authors: Fox Peter , Aboshanp Waleed , Alsamadi Bashar 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTSoil samples from column studies using five soil types and from a field site were analyzed to assess the ability of soil aquifer treatment to sustain removal of organic carbon. The soil types used in the column studies were chosen to represent a wide range of soil properties that might be used for soil aquifer treatment. Soil samples were analyzed for total organic matter, and a subset of samples was sequentially extracted to determine the effects of soil aquifer treatment. For both column studies and the field site, no accumulation of organic matter was observed below a depth of 8 cm. Near the surface, biological activity at the soil–water interface resulted in an accumulation of biomass and associated organic matter. For the column studies, the accumulation of organic matter in the top 8 cm of soil was <20% of the total organic matter applied to the columns. Soils at depths greater than 8 cm had total organic matter levels less than the original soils before soil aquifer treatment. Significant changes in extractable iron and manganese oxides were observed at the field site, which had been in operation for >10 yr with extended periods of low redox conditions. However, these changes had no apparent effect on the removal of organic carbon in the system. This study provides evidence that soil aquifer treatment can remove organic carbon without accumulation from adsorption that might eventually lead to breakthrough.
Lagoon‐Biogas Emissions and Carbon Balance Estimates of a Swine Production Facility
Authors: DeSutter Tom M. , Ham Jay M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTGaseous emissions from animal manure storage facilities can contribute to global greenhouse gas inventories. Biogas fluxes were measured for one year from a 2‐ha anaerobic lagoon that received waste from a 10500‐head swine (Sus scrofa) finishing operation in southwestern Kansas. During 2001, ebullition of biogas was measured continuously by using floating platforms equipped with gas‐collection domes. Periodically, the composition of the biogas was determined by using gas chromatography. Detailed records of feed quality and quantity and animal weights and gains also were obtained to determine the carbon budget of the facility (barns and lagoon). Flux of biogas was very seasonal, with peak emission (18.7 mol m−2 d−1) occurring in early June. Nearly 50% of the annual biogas losses occurred during a 30‐d period beginning on day of year (DOY) 146. Flux patterns suggest that the start of the high biogas production period was governed by temperature, while the decline in production in mid‐June was caused by substrate limitations. Average biogas composition was 0.71 L CH4 L−1 The quantity of CH4 released from the lagoon was 86.3 Mg yr−1, which represents about 38 g of CH4 per kg of animal weight gain. The average flux density of biogas from the lagoon was 382 mol m−2 yr−1 or 728 mol yr−1 per resident animal where the resident animal population was 10500. Flux rates of CH4 were 1.7 to 3.4 times less than predictions made with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) models. Additional research is needed on the carbon budgets of other animal feeding operations so that better estimates of greenhouse gas emissions can be determined.
Evaluating Colloidal Phosphorus Delivery to Surface Waters from Diffuse Agricultural Sources
Authors: Heathwaite Louise , Haygarth Phil , Matthews Rachel , Preedy Neil , Butler Patricia 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTColloid‐facilitated phosphorus (P) delivery from agricultural soils in different hydrological pathways was investigated using a series of laboratory and field experiments. A soil colloidal P test was developed that yields information on the propensity of different soils to release P attached to soil colloids. The relationship between turbidity of soil extracts and total phosphorus (TP) was significant (r2 = 0.996, p < 0.001) across a range of agricultural soils, and a strong positive relationship (r2 = 0.86, p < 0.001) was found between “colloidal P” (H2O–CaCl2 extracts) and turbidity. Linear regression of the proportion of fine clay (<2 μm) for each soil type evaluated against the (H2O–CaCl2) colloidal P fraction gave a weak but positive relationship (r2 = 0.38, p = 0.082). The relative contribution of different particle‐size fractions in transporting P in agricultural runoff from grassland soils was evaluated using a randomized plot experiment. A significant difference (p = 0.05) in both TP and reactive phosphorus (RP) in subsurface flow was recorded for different particle‐size fractions, with most TP transferred either in association with the 2‐μm fraction or with the 0.001‐μm or smaller fractions. Total P concentrations in runoff were higher from plots receiving P amendments compared with the zero‐P plots; however, these differences were only significant for the >0.45‐μm particle‐size fractions (p = 0.05), and may be evidence of surface applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers being transferred through the soil either as intact organic colloids or attached to mineral particles. Our results highlight the potential for drainage water to mobilize colloids and associated P during rainfall events.
Desorption Kinetics of Arsenate from Kaolinite as Influenced by pH
Authors: Quaghebeur M. , Rate A. , Rengel Z. , Hinz C. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTArsenic is highly toxic and therefore represents a potential threat to the environment and human health. The mobility and bioavailability of arsenic in soil is mostly controlled by adsorption and desorption reactions. Even though adsorption and traditional batch desorption experiments provide information about the environmental fate of As, the equilibrium conditions imposed in these studies would usually not be reached in the natural environment. Flow‐through desorption techniques, where the desorbed species are removed from the substrate, can therefore be used to provide information about the rate and mechanisms of As desorption. The effect of pH on As adsorption reactions is relatively well understood; however, desorption of As and the effect of pH on As desorption remain unexplored. Desorption of As(V) (the most dominant arsenic species in aerated soils) was therefore investigated using batch and flow‐through desorption experiments. Traditional batch desorption experiments underestimated the desorption rate of As(V) from kaolinite. The pH had a large effect on the amount of As(V) desorbed from kaolinite, with both an increase and a decrease in pH (from the initial pH 6.4) enhancing As(V) desorption. Modeling desorption over time revealed that the pH can influence As(V) desorption over extended periods of time.