bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risiko und Alterssicherung
Authors: Goecke Oskar 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der sich abzeichnenden demografischen Entwicklung in Deutschland ist die Sicherung der Altersversorgung gesamtgesellschaftlich, aber auch für jeden Einzelnen eine Herausforderung. Es wird untersucht, was die Grundvoraussetzung für eine Alterssicherung ist, sowie aus volkswirtschaftlicher Perspektive die Determinanten der Alterssicherung bestimmt. Hier stellt sich heraus, dass die demografische Entwicklung dabei ein wichtiger Faktor ist, aber nicht der entscheidende. Die Investitionen in den volkswirtschaftlichen Kapitalstock sind der Schlüssel der Alterssicherung! Den Kapitalmärkten fällt dabei eine Schlüsselrolle zu, da sie die Aufgabe haben, Sparer und Investoren zusammen zu führen. Dies führt direkt zur Frage nach dem Rendite-Risiko-Profilen langfristiger Sparverträge, denn auf den Kapitalmärkten werden vor allem Erwartungen und Risiken eingepreist. In einem Abschnitt zum intergenerationalen Risikoausgleich werden auch Perspektiven für die Weiterentwicklung der Lebensversicherung aufgezeigt. Hieraus können sich auch neue Impulse für die betriebliche Altersversorgung ergeben.
Sicherheitsversprechen im Wandel
Authors: Jannusch Tim , Ressel Juliane , Völler Michaele 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungSicherheit ist eine zentrale Grundlage für Freiheit, Lebensqualität und Wohlstand in einer modernen Gesellschaft. Als vielschichtiges Alltagsphänomen erfährt der Sicherheitsbegriff eine kontinuierliche Erweiterung, die durch soziale, wirtschaftliche und politische Veränderungen angetrieben wird. Daraus ergeben sich sowohl neue Herausforderungen als auch Potenziale für die deutsche Versicherungswirtschaft, deren zentrale gesellschaftliche Funktion aus der hoch entwickelten Kernkompetenz in der Risikoidentifikation, -bewertung und -übernahme resultiert.Bislang verspricht das immaterielle Kernprodukt von Versicherungen eine in die Zukunft gerichtete Leistung, die erst im Anschluss an ein Schadenereignis fällig wird – was obendrein nur von einem Bruchteil der Versicherten erlebt wird. Durch den zielgerichteten Einsatz neuer Technologien bietet sich für die Assekuranz jedoch die Chance, ihre Rolle von „Verstehen und Schützen“ hin zu „Vorhersagen und Verhindern“ weiterzuentwickeln. Diese Entwicklung wird als Anlass genommen, das traditionelle Leistungsversprechen am Beispiel der Sicherheit junger Fahrer kritisch zu hinterfragen. In aktuellen Studien der WHO zählen junge Autofahrer weltweit zu den am meisten gefährdeten Verkehrsteilnehmern. Dies führt neben Produktivitätsverlusten und hohen medizinischen Kosten vor allem zu weitreichenden Belastungen im privaten Umfeld. In diesem Zusammenhang wird diskutiert, ob die Telematik-Versicherung als verhaltensbasiertes Produkt ein geeignetes Werkzeug für den antizipativen Umgang mit Risiken ist. Dadurch wird ein Beitrag zur Debatte rund um das Thema Sicherheit geleistet.
Kritische Erfolgselemente: Spannungslagen II
Authors: Lüthi Katharina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Ergebnisrationalität beider Gebietskörperschaften stelle ich mit dem Aufgabenkomplex Spannungslagen ausbalancieren der Phase Strategien umsetzen und verstetigen entlang der Arenen dar. Eine vergleichende Gesamtübersicht grenzüberschreitender Professionalität im Zusammenhang mit dem Einsatz von Kommunikationsmedien schließt das Kapitel ab.
Grenzüberschreitende Professionalisierung und gesellschaftliche Integration
Authors: Lüthi Katharina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDie im Literaturteil dieser Arbeit entfalteten Perspektiven verstehe ich als Denk- werkzeuge, die ich nun heranziehe, um die Ergebnisse des empirischen Teils an den Diskurs der Politik anzuschließen. Die Grounded Theory einer Governance grenzüberschreitender Professionalisierung und gesellschaftlicher Integration führe ich in einer Bedingungsmatrix zusammen (vgl. 13.1), deren Komponenten ich im Zuge der nun folgenden Kapitel darstelle. Die Institutionalisierung des BMK und KBM erfolgt in Arenen, die ich als Integrationsräume lese.
Arbeitskomponenten der Governance-Forschung
Authors: Lüthi Katharina 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungBei der Auswertung des Datenmaterials orientiere ich mich erstens an der Fragestellung, welchen Beitrag ein kommunales Bildungsmanagement zur Erhöhung der kollektiven Handlungsfähigkeit leistet. In einem zweiten Schritt frage ich, inwiefern sich diese kollektive Handlungsfähigkeit an System- und Sozialintegration orientiert. Die Arbeitsphase Rahmenbedingungen klären wirft Handlungserfordernisse in allen Arenen gleichzeitig auf.
Is the horizon of an eternal black hole really smooth?
Authors: Itzhaki Nissan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We point out that in many eternal black holes, including a Schwarzschild eternal black hole and an eternal black hole in AdS5, instant folded strings are created in the past wedge and render the region just outside the horizon singular. We also make a conjecture regarding instant folded D-branes and discuss their possible implications for eternal black holes. In particular, we argue that the bulk modes responsible for Poincare recurrence, when it occurs in the dual quantum field theory, are either instant folded strings or instant folded D-branes.
Dispensable role of Rac1 and Rac3 after cochlear hair cell specification
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Mohri Hiroaki , Ninoyu Yuzuru , Goto Akihiro , Yamaguchi Taro , Hishikawa Yoshitaka , Matsuda Michiyuki , Saito Naoaki , Ueyama Takehiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rac small GTPases play important roles during embryonic development of the inner ear; however, little is known regarding their function in cochlear hair cells (HCs) after specification. Here, we revealed the localization and activation of Racs in cochlear HCs using GFP-tagged Rac plasmids and transgenic mice expressing a Rac1-fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor. Furthermore, we employed Rac1-knockout (Rac1-KO, Atoh1-Cre;Rac1flox/flox) and Rac1 and Rac3 double KO (Rac1/Rac3-DKO, Atoh1-Cre;Rac1flox/flox;Rac3−/−) mice, under the control of the Atoh1 promoter. However, both Rac1-KO and Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice exhibited normal cochlear HC morphology at 13 weeks of age and normal hearing function at 24 weeks of age. No hearing vulnerability was observed in young adult (6-week-old) Rac1/Rac3-DKO mice even after intense noise exposure. Consistent with prior reports, the results from Atoh1-Cre;tdTomato mice confirmed that the Atoh1 promoter became functional only after embryonic day 14 when the sensory HC precursors exit the cell cycle. Taken together, these findings indicate that although Rac1 and Rac3 contribute to the early development of sensory epithelia in cochleae, as previously shown, they are dispensable for the maturation of cochlear HCs in the postmitotic state or for hearing maintenance following HC maturation.

Key messages

Mice with Rac1 and Rac3 deletion were generated after HC specification.

Knockout mice exhibit normal cochlear hair cell morphology and hearing.

Racs are dispensable for hair cells in the postmitotic state after specification.

Racs are dispensable for hearing maintenance after HC maturation.
A review on immunomodulatory effects of BPA analogues
Authors: Kodila Anja , Franko Nina , Sollner Dolenc Marija 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA) is a known endocrine disruptor found in many consumer products that humans come into contact with on a daily basis. Due to increasing concerns about the safety of BPA and the introduction of new legislation restricting its use, industry has responded by adopting new, less studied BPA analogues that have similar polymer-forming properties. Some BPA analogues have already been shown to exhibit effects similar to BPA, for example, contributing to endocrine disruption through agonistic or antagonistic behaviour at various nuclear receptors such as estrogen (ER), androgen (AR), glucocorticoid (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Since the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) issued a draft re-evaluation of BPA and drastically reduced the temporary tolerable daily intake (t-TDI) of BPA from 4 mg/kg body weight/day to 0.2 ng/kg body weight/day due to increasing concern about the toxic properties of BPA, including its potential to disrupt immune system processes, we conducted a comprehensive review of the immunomodulatory activity of environmentally abundant BPA analogues. The results of the review suggest that BPA analogues may affect both the innate and acquired immune systems and can contribute to various immune-mediated conditions such as hypersensitivity reactions, allergies, and disruption of the human microbiome.
Hybrid algorithm for the detection of turbulent flame fronts
Authors: Chaib Oussama , Zheng Yutao , Hochgreb Simone , Boxx Isaac 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This paper presents a hybrid and unsupervised approach to flame front detection for low signal-to-noise planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) images. The algorithm combines segmentation and edge detection techniques to achieve low-cost and accurate flame front detection in the presence of noise and variability in the flame structure. The method first uses an adaptive contrast enhancement scheme to improve the quality of the image prior to segmentation. The general shape of the flame front is then highlighted using segmentation, while the edge detection method is used to refine the results and highlight the flame front more accurately. The performance of the algorithm is tested on a dataset of high-speed PLIF images and is shown to achieve high accuracy in finely wrinkled turbulent hydrogen-enriched flames with order of magnitude improvements in computation speed. This new algorithm has potential applications in the experimental study of turbulent flames subject to intense wrinkling and low signal-to-noise ratios.

Graphic abstract
Why phylogenetic signal of traits is important in ecosystems: uniformity of a plant trait increases soil fauna, but only in a phylogenetically uniform vegetation
Authors: Molleman F. , Rossignol N. , Ponge J. F. , Peres G. , Cluzeau D. , Ruiz-Camacho N. , Cortet J. , Pernin C. , Villenave C. , Prinzing A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhylogenetically closely related plant species often share similar trait states (phylogenetic signal), but local assembly may favor dissimilar relatives and thereby decouple the diversity of a trait from the diversity of phylogenetic lineages. Associated fauna might either benefit from plant trait diversity, because it provides them complementary resources, or suffer from it due to dilution of preferred resources. We hence hypothesize that decoupling of trait and phylogenetic diversity weakens the relationship between the plant-trait diversity and the abundance and diversity of associated fauna. Studying permanent meadows, we tested for combined effects of plant phylogenetic diversity and diversity of two functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content) on major groups of soil fauna (earthworms, mites, springtails, nematodes). We found that only in phylogenetically uniform plant communities, was uniformity in the functional traits associated with (i) high abundance in springtails, and (ii) high abundance of the sub-group that feeds more directly on plant material (in springtails and mites) or those that are more prone to disturbance (in nematodes), and (iii) high diversity in all three groups tested (springtails, earthworms, nematodes). Our results suggest that soil fauna profits from the resource concentration in local plant communities that are uniform in both functional traits and phylogenetic lineages. Soil fauna would hence benefit from co-occurrence of closely related plants that have conserved the same trait values, rather than of distantly related plants that have converged in traits. This might result in faster decomposition and a positive feedback between trait conservatism and ecosystem functioning.
Perfusion assessment by fluorescence time curves in esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Joosten J. J. , Slooter M. D. , van den Elzen R. M. , Bloemen P. R. , Gisbertz S. S. , Eshuis W. J. , Daams F. , de Bruin D. M. , van Berge Henegouwen M. I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraoperative perfusion assessment with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG-FA) may reduce postoperative anastomotic leakage rates after esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction. This study evaluated quantitative parameters derived from fluorescence time curves to determine a threshold for adequate perfusion and predict postoperative anastomotic complications.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent FA-guided esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction between August 2020 and February 2022. After intravenous bolus injection of 0.05-mg/kg ICG, fluorescence intensity was registered over time by PINPOINT camera (Stryker, USA). Fluorescent angiograms were quantitatively analyzed at a region of interest of 1 cm diameter at the anastomotic site on the conduit using tailor-made software. Extracted fluorescence parameters were both inflow (T0, Tmax, Fmax, slope, Time-to-peak) as outflow parameters (T90% and T80%). Anastomotic complications including anastomotic leakage (AL) and strictures were documented. Fluorescence parameters in patients with AL were compared to those without AL.

Results
One hundred and three patients (81 male, 65.7 ± 9.9 years) were included, the majority of whom (88%) underwent an Ivor Lewis procedure. AL occurred in 19% of patients (n = 20/103). Both time to peak as Tmax were significantly longer for the AL group in comparison to the non-AL group (39 s vs. 26 s, p = 0.04 and 65 vs. 51 s, p = 0.03, respectively). Slope was 1.0 (IQR 0.3–2.5) and 1.7 (IQR 1.0–3.0) for the AL and non-AL group (p = 0.11). Outflow was longer in the AL group, although not significantly, T90% 30 versus 15 s, respectively, p = 0.20). Univariate analysis indicated that Tmax might be predictive for AL, although not reaching significance (p = 0.10, area under the curve 0.71) and a cut-off value of 97 s was derived, with a specificity of 92%.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated quantitative parameters and identified a fluorescent threshold which could be used for intraoperative decision-making and to identify high-risk patients for anastomotic leakage during esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction.
A significant predictive value remains to be determined in future studies.
An open-access database for the assessment of particle damper simulation tools
Authors: Biondani Fabio , Morandini Marco , Ghiringhelli Gian Luca , Cordisco Potito , Terraneo Mauro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA particle damper (PD) is an enclosure partially filled with small particles that can help to dampen the vibration of a structure. Despite its simplicity, the reliable prediction of the behavior of such a device in arbitrary operative conditions appears to be very difficult due to the complex non-linear interactions between the particles and the system. An experimental methodology is defined with the aim of minimizing the bias due to the PD non-linear response. The effect of the mutual orientation of motion, gravity, and enclosure and of different disturbance inputs on the performance of a PD is investigated in order to make available a set of reference experimental results for correlation purposes with prediction tools. An open-access database, gathering all the test results, is made available.

Graphical abstract
GradeAid: a framework for automatic short answers grading in educational contexts—design, implementation and evaluation
Authors: del Gobbo Emiliano , Guarino Alfonso , Cafarelli Barbara , Grilli Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAutomatic short answer grading (ASAG), a hot field of natural language understanding, is a research area within learning analytics. ASAG solutions are conceived to offload teachers and instructors, especially those in higher education, where classes with hundreds of students are the norm and the task of grading (short)answers to open-ended questionnaires becomes tougher. Their outcomes are precious both for the very grading and for providing students with “ad hoc” feedback. ASAG proposals have also enabled different intelligent tutoring systems. Over the years, a variety of ASAG solutions have been proposed, still there are a series of gaps in the literature that we fill in this paper. The present work proposes GradeAid, a framework for ASAG. It is based on the joint analysis of lexical and semantic features of the students’ answers through state-of-the-art regressors; differently from any other previous work, (i) it copes with non-English datasets, (ii) it has undergone a robust validation and benchmarking phase, and (iii) it has been tested on every dataset publicly available and on a new dataset (now available for researchers). GradeAid obtains performance comparable to the systems presented in the literature (root-mean-squared errors down to 0.25 based on the specific tuple $$\langle $$
⟨
dataset-question$$\rangle $$
⟩
). We argue it represents a strong baseline for further developments in the field.
Towards accountability-centred practices: governance in OSCEs subordinating patient and practitioner clinical experience
Authors: Kearney Grainne P. , Corman Michael K. , Johnston Jennifer L. , Hart Nigel D. , Gormley Gerard J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNew public management ideals and standards have become increasingly adhered to in health professions education; this is particularly apparent in high-stakes assessment, as a gateway to practice. Using an Institutional Ethnographic approach, we looked at the work involved in running high-stakes Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCEs) throughout an academic year including use of observations, interviews and textual analysis. In our results, we describe three types of ‘work’—standardising work, defensibility work and accountability work–summarising these in the discussion as an Accountability Circuit, which shows the organising role of texts on people’s work processes. We show how this form of governance mandates a shift towards accountability-centred practices, away from practices which are person-centred; this lens on accountability-centring during high-stakes assessments invites critique of the often-unquestioned emphasis of new public management in health professions education.
Talking Ethics Early in Health Data Public Private Partnerships
Authors: Landers Constantin , Ormond Kelly E. , Blasimme Alessandro , Brall Caroline , Vayena Effy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractData access and data sharing are vital to advance medicine. A growing number of public private partnerships are set up to facilitate data access and sharing, as private and public actors possess highly complementary health data sets and treatment development resources. However, the priorities and incentives of public and private organizations are frequently in conflict. This has complicated partnerships and sparked public concerns around ethical issues such as trust, justice or privacy—in turn raising an important problem in business and data ethics: how can ethical theory inform the practice of public and private partners to mitigate misaligned incentives, and ensure that they can deliver societally beneficial innovation? In this paper, we report on the development of the Swiss Personalized Health Network’s ethical guidelines for health data sharing in public private partnerships. We describe the process of identifying ethical issues and engaging core stakeholders to incorporate their practical reality on these issues. Our report highlights core ethical issues in health data public private partnerships and provides strategies for how to overcome these in the Swiss health data context. By agreeing on and formalizing ethical principles and practices at the beginning of a partnership, partners and society can benefit from a relationship built around a mutual commitment to ethical principles. We present this summary in the hope that it will contribute to the global data sharing dialogue.
Endorsement of scientific inquiry promotes better evaluation of climate policy evidence
Authors: Hughes Jessica E. , Sauer James D. , Drummond Aaron , Brumby Laura E. , Palmer Matthew A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPublic and scientific consensus about climate change do not align. Problematically, higher scientific knowledge has been associated with lower acceptance of climate information among those with more conservative socio-political ideologies. Positive attitudes towards science can attenuate this effect. We investigated the association between endorsement of scientific inquiry (ESI) and decision-making with scientific evidence about climate policies. Participants rated support for 16 climate policies accompanied by weaker or stronger evidence. In study 1 (N = 503), higher ESI was associated with greater discernment between strongly and weakly evidenced climate policies, irrespective of worldview. In studies 2 (N = 402) and 3 (N = 600), an ESI intervention improved discrimination, and, in study 3, increased ESI specifically for hierarchical/individualistic participants. Unlike ESI, the link between scientific knowledge and evaluation of evidence was influenced by worldview. Increasing ESI might improve the evaluation of scientific evidence and increase public support for evidence-based climate policies.
Research on the integrated development of agriculture and tourism in inner Mongolia
Authors: Fu Longtian , Xu Zhenyu , Chen Qin , Zhang Qi , Zou Zixiu , Li Luluo , Yturralde Chere’ Cato , Valencia Lita Gayrama 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe coordinated development of agriculture and tourism is very important. On the basis of the index system of the predecessors, the development effect index after the integration of the subsystems is added, so as to construct the evaluation index system of the integrated development of agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolia. The entropy weight method is used to set the weight value for each index, and the panel data from 2001 to 2019 collected from the Inner Mongolia Statistical Yearbook and the China Yearbook are analyzed with the coupled coordination degree model. The research results show that the development of agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolia has been highly coupled since 2004; it has been reluctantly coordinated from 2007 until 2019 to achieve high-quality coordination; from 2001 to 2011, the development of tourism lagged behind the development of agriculture, while after 2012, the development of agriculture has been lagging behind the tourism industry. Wang (Asia Pac J Tour Res 24(6):550–562, 2019), Li and Du (Sustainability 13(10), 2021) had got similar conclusions. The article puts forward suggestions from two aspects. On the one hand, using the tourism as the trigger for the development of agriculture tourism by developing more agricultural-related tourism products so as to fully tap the tourism attributes of agriculture. The marketing of tourism products should be consciously inclined to agriculture; on the other hand, the promoting the development of tourism can be realized by adopting modern agriculture, which includes cultivating new types of large agricultural households, supporting the development of large and medium-sized farms, promoting the development of green agriculture and industrialized and three-dimensional agriculture. The modern agriculture can be deeply integrated with the tourism industry, thereby promoting the development of tourism. The research results and suggestions put forward in this paper have certain reference significance for the coordinated development of agriculture and tourism in Inner Mongolia and Southeast Asia.