bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of institutional quality on country-level variations in foreign equity shares in transition economies
Authors: Krasniqi Besnik , Williams Nick , Hashi Iraj , Reçica Fisnik , Lubishtani Ermal , Kryeziu Liridon 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the influence of formal and informal institutional quality on country-level variations in foreign equity shares in transition economies (TEs).

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on institutional theory and transaction cost theory, this paper examines the influence of formal and informal institutional quality on country-level variations in foreign equity shares in TEs. The authors use a two-step empirical strategy, identifying clusters of explanatory variables and running generalized least squares random effect estimations to test for the influence of explanatory and control variables on foreign equity shares.

Findings
Foreign equity share is positively affected by informal institutions and negatively by formal institutions. However, when control for stage of transition we find that the the presence of informal institutions in more rapidly or advanced transforming economies negatively influences foreign equity shares. Complex infrastructure discourages foreign equity shareholdings, and foreign companies use informal practices to overcome unfavourable host country conditions. Government size has a negative effect, and gross domestic product per capita positively affects foreign equity shares.

Research limitations/implications
The study is the new groundwork for the re-enactment of a fruitful discussion on foreign equity. The study has practical implications for managers, too – managers of foreign-owned firms operating in weakly installed institutional environments should carefully analyse the entry strategies because of the high presence of informal institutions. Furthermore, managers could understand the various facilitation roles of informal institutions in any firm internationalisation effort to arrive at optimal ownership holdings for better internationalisation performance. Although the study is based on a sample of transition countries, the findings have implications for other emerging economies’ contexts sharing similar institutional settings.

Originality/value
This study provides a unique empirical investigation and evidence based on country-level indicators on the effect of formal and informal institutions on foreign equity shares holdings in TEs, reinforcing the importance of impacts of both the formal and informal dimensions on ownership decisions of foreign investors.
Palmoplantar pustulosis and pustulotic arthro‐osteitis associated with multiple venous occlusion: A case report and literature review
Authors: Inoue Emi , Hiroumi Shiori , Sato Sachina , Hayashi Misa , Konaka Hachiro , Tsuji Shigeyoshi , Higashiyama Mari 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPustulotic arthro‐osteitis (PAO) is a rare chronic inflammatory arthropathy associated with palmoplantar pustulosis. The pathogenesis of PAO remains unclear. The most common musculoskeletal involvement in PAO is ossification of the sternoclavicular joints. A combination of parietal inflammation and hyperostosis‐induced mechanical compression in this region is hypothesized to contribute to multiple venous thrombosis. Here, we present a 66‐year‐old man with PAO‐associated multiple venous occlusion who was successfully treated with guselkumab. We also discuss its clinical manifestation and cause by reviewing the literature.
A review on the use of steerable sheaths in complex endovascular aortic repair
Authors: Tam Jacky Siu Chung , Cheng Stephen Wing Keung 
Published: April 2023

AbstractComplex aortic aneurysms are now more commonly treated endovascularly, and often require a fenestrated‐branched endovascular aneurysm repair. The use of steerable sheaths can improve the technical success rate in catheterisation of target visceral vessels and reduce the surgical risks associated with these complicated procedures. There are several commercially available steerable sheaths in the market, but similar devices can be homemade using different endovascular instruments. Steerable sheaths allow catheterisation of downward orientated branches more easily through a transfemoral approach. The risks associated with a traditional upper extremity access can be minimalised. They are also described in the use of several other situations during endovascular aortic repairs. Limitations to this technique are the availability of the device, the stability of the sheath curvature, the difficulty to deliver instruments in a tight curve and the associated complications if large sheaths are used. Steerable sheaths can be used as a primary intent when challenging anatomy is anticipated or as an adjunct when standard procedures are not successful.
Treatment patterns and outcomes in adolescents and young adults with nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: an IMPACT cohort study
Authors: Punnett Angela , Baxter Nancy N. , Hodgson David , Sutradhar Rinku , Pole Jason D. , Lau Cindy , Nathan Paul C. , Gupta Sumit 
Published: April 2023

SummaryWe leveraged population‐based clinical and healthcare data to identify treatment patterns and long‐term outcomes among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with nodular lymphocyte‐predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). All Ontario, Canada, AYA aged 15–21 years at diagnosis with NLPHL between 1992 and 2012 were identified, and their detailed clinical data were collected. Linkage to healthcare databases identified additional events (subsequent malignant neoplasms [SMN], relapses and deaths). Event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared by locus of care (adult vs. paediatric) and predictors of outcomes determined. Of 1014 AYA with Hodgkin lymphoma, 54 (5.3%) had NLPHL; 15 (27.8%) were treated at a paediatric centre. No paediatric centre patient received radiation only versus 16 (41.0%) of adult centre patients. Excision only was more common in paediatric centres (p < 0.001). The 20‐year EFS and OS rates were 82.9% ± 5.2% and 100% respectively. Advanced stage (hazard ratio: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.3–18.4; p = 0.02) was associated with inferior EFS. Although the 25‐year cumulative incidence of SMN was 19.3% ± 9.6% for the entire cohort, there were no SMN among the patients treated with excision only. AYA with NLPHL have outstanding long‐term survival. Resection alone was rare outside of paediatric institutions but associated with excellent outcomes. Given substantial SMN risks, chemotherapy‐sparing and radiation‐sparing strategies for appropriate subsets of patients are warranted.
More is Better: English Language Statistics are Biased Toward Addition
Authors: Winter Bodo , Fischer Martin H. , Scheepers Christoph , Myachykov Andriy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe have evolved to become who we are, at least in part, due to our general drive to create new things and ideas. When seeking to improve our creations, ideas, or situations, we systematically overlook opportunities to perform subtractive changes. For example, when tasked with giving feedback on an academic paper, reviewers will tend to suggest additional explanations and analyses rather than delete existing ones. Here, we show that this addition bias is systematically reflected in English language statistics along several distinct dimensions. First, we show that words associated with an increase in quantity or number (e.g.,add, addition, more, most) are more frequent than words associated with a decrease in quantity or number (e.g.,subtract, subtraction, less, least). Second, we show that in binomial expressions, addition‐related words are mentioned first, that is,add and subtractrather thansubtract and add. Third, we show that the distributional semantics of verbs of change, such asto improveandto transform, overlap more with the distributional semantics ofadd/increasethansubtract/decrease, which suggests that change verbs are implicitly biased toward addition. Fourth, addition‐related words have more positive connotations than subtraction‐related words. Fifth, we demonstrate that state‐of‐the‐art large language models, such as the Generative Pre‐trained Transformer (GPT‐3), are also biased toward addition. We discuss the implications of our results for research on cognitive biases and decision‐making.
State of forgiveness: Cooperation, conciliation, and state formation in Mughal South Asia (1556–1707)
Authors: Morshed Safya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper contributes to a growing literature on state capacity with reference to the early modern Asian empires. The historiography of these states, and especially the Mughal empire of South Asia, has moved away from an image of unrestrained despotism towards that of a constrained state, but has yet to explore fully what these constraints were and what the state did to overcome them. Using a new dataset on conflicts in Mughal South Asia, and an analytical model, the paper shows how forgiving rebel leaders was used as a strategic tool to secure stability, in a setting where high information costs made intermediaries indispensable to the state. The paper also offers some comparison between Asian empires on the role of intermediaries in shaping state constraint and fiscal policies.
Separating N2O production and consumption in intact agricultural soil cores at different moisture contents and depths
Authors: Button Erik S. , Marsden Karina A. , Nightingale Philip D. , Dixon Elizabeth R. , Chadwick David R. , Jones David L. , Cárdenas Laura M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAgricultural soils are a major source of the potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, N2O. To implement management practices that minimize microbial N2O production and maximize its consumption (i.e., complete denitrification), we must understand the interplay between simultaneously occurring biological and physical processes, especially how this changes with soil depth. Meaningfully disentangling of these processes is challenging and typical N2O flux measurement techniques provide little insight into subsurface mechanisms. In addition, denitrification studies are often conducted on sieved soil in altered O2 environments which relate poorly to in situ field conditions. Here, we developed a novel incubation system with headspaces both above and below the soil cores and field‐relevant O2 concentrations to better represent in situ conditions. We incubated intact sandy clay loam textured agricultural topsoil (0–10 cm) and subsoil (50–60 cm) cores for 3–4 days at 50% and 70% water‐filled pore space, respectively. 15N‐N2O pool dilution and an SF6 tracer were injected below the cores to determine the relative diffusivity and the net N2O emission and gross N2O emission and consumption fluxes. The relationship between calculated fluxes from the below and above soil core headspaces confirmed that the system performed well. Relative diffusivity did not vary with depth, likely due to the preservation of preferential flow pathways in the intact cores. Gross N2O emission and uptake also did not differ with depth but were higher in the drier cores, contrary to expectation. We speculate this was due to aerobic denitrification being the primary N2O consuming process and simultaneously occurring denitrification and nitrification both producing N2O in the drier cores. We provide further evidence of substantial N2O consumption in drier soil but without net negative N2O emissions. The results from this study are important for the future application of the 15N‐N2O pool dilution method and N budgeting and modelling, as required for improving management to minimize N2O losses.
The hygienic aspects in the management of strangles
Authors: Fridberg Alberte , Adler Ditte Marie Top , Jørgensen Marianne Green , Olsen Rikke Heidemann 
Published: April 2023

SummaryStreptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi) is a frequently encountered pathogen in equine practice. S. equi causes infection of the upper airways of horses, a condition known as strangles. Strangles is a highly contagious disease and may be economically devastating as well. Difficulties in the eradication of the disease using vaccines and medical treatments make hygienic measures crucial in order to limit transmission of the pathogen during outbreaks. This review aims to elucidate the challenges in handling an outbreak of strangles as well as develop a basic plan on how such an outbreak is handled in a hygienically optimal fashion. The results of this review suggest a longer environmental survival time of S. equi than previously assumed and support the importance of modification of surfaces for proper disinfection with appropriate disinfectants. Furthermore, the efficiency of using a colour‐coding system in dividing healthy, exposed and clinically affected horses is discussed. Individual temperature monitoring twice daily is recommended for the identification of diseased horses before they pose a contagious risk. Additionally, changing clothes between visiting different stable units is likewise recommended, to minimise transmission of disease. In conclusion, veterinarians, personnel and horse owners at equestrian centres need to be aware of the importance of isolation, monitoring and dividing the site into zones according to the risk of infection. Finally, it can be concluded that regardless of size, practical biosecurity measures can be implemented within all equine facilities.
Helicobacter pylori bacteremia presenting as seizure and unconsciousness: The brief case
Authors: Yu Hang , Li Jing , Liu Xueke , Chen Zhen , Li Dongrong , Wei Yao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori bacteremia is rare and difficult to make a definite diagnosis.Case PresentationThis is a 40‐year‐old woman represented as fever and unconsciousness accompanied by tics. She was diagnosed as Helicobacter pylori bacteremia and received emergency endotracheal intubation and antibiotics. Her symptoms resolved and she was discharged from ICU at the sixth day.ConclusionsHelicobacter pylori bacteremia is rare and hard to identify. Varied clinical manifestations leading to more difficult to make a definite diagnosis.
Supporting Families Facing Lactation Anaphylaxis: A Case Report
Authors: Knutson Julie , Youssef Alicia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLactation anaphylaxis is a rare condition that may occur consequent to breastfeeding. Early identification and management of symptoms is paramount to the physical well‐being of the birthing person. Supporting newborn feeding goals is also a key component of care. In cases in which the birthing person wants to exclusively feed human milk, planning should include streamlined access to donor milk. Clear communication between health care providers and developing systems to access donor milk for parental indications may help address barriers.
CUT ABOVE THE REST: A MULTI‐DISCIPLINARY STUDY OF TWO SLATE KNIVES FROM FORAGER CONTEXTS IN COASTAL NORWAY
Authors: Lentfer Carol , Skandfer Marianne , Presslee Sam , Hagan Richard , Robson Harry K. , Damm Charlotte 
Published: April 2023

SummarySlate was a prominent tool material in the Scandinavian Stone Age. However, details of tool function have relied on morphology and have added little to our understanding of their role in hunting and processing. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify both the use‐wear traces and residues from slate knives from northern Norway. By applying a multi‐disciplinary approach incorporating experimentation, use‐wear and organic residue analyses, we identified residues, including seal hair, and use‐traces which indicate the tools were used to process fresh marine mammals.
Equilibrium Violation From the Complex Stiffness
Authors: Makris Nicos 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Evidence from cyclic tests on metals, elastomers, and sandy soils reveals that damping forces are nearly rate-independent and structural (hysteretic or rate-independent) damping was widely adopted since the 1940s. While there is no time-domain constitutive equation for a linear spring connected in parallel with a rate-independent dashpot, the dynamic stiffness (transfer function) of this mechanical network can be constructed in the frequency domain; and it was known since the early 1960s that this mechanical network exhibits a non-causal response. In view of its simplicity in association with the wide practical need to model rate-independent dissipation, this mechanical network was also implemented in time-domain formulations with the label complex stiffness where the force output, P(t) is related in the time domain to the displacement input, u(t), with P(t) = k(1 + iη)u(t). This paper shows that the complex stiffness, as expressed in the time domain by various scholars, is a fundamentally flawed construct since in addition to causality it violates equilibrium.
Experimental investigation of suddenly expanded flow at sonic and supersonic Mach numbers using semi-circular ribs: a comparative study between experimental, single layer, deep neural network (SLNN and DNN) models
Authors: Khan Ambareen , Rajendran Parvathy , Sidhu Junior Sarjit Singh , Sharifpur Mohsen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present the findings of the experimental study conducted in a rectangular duct at sonic and supersonic Mach numbers using passive control in the form of semi-circular ribs. Tests are conducted at sonic Mach number and four supersonic Mach numbers. The supersonic Mach numbers of the study are 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.5. The flow from the nozzles is discharged into the enlarged duct. The ribs are placed at 28 mm (1D), 56 mm (2D), 84 mm (3D), and 112 mm (4D) from the base to find the effect of the control mechanism on the flow field and the base pressure. The ribs of 6, 8, and 10 mm diameter are used to control the base pressure and ultimately the base drag. At Mach 2.2 and 2.5, control is not effective because the nozzles are over-expanded. These results reiterate the findings from the literature that the control is effective whether passive or active when nozzles flow under the influence of a favorable pressure gradient. The same is evident from the results at Mach 1.5 and 1.8. The NPRs at these Mach numbers are such that nozzles are under, correctly, and under expanded. When nozzles are operated for under expanded case, the control results in an increase in the base pressure when passive control is employed. These highly complex data are predicted using a single-layered neural network and a deep-layer neural network to save time and make it cost-effective, which shows that the data can be predicted with an accuracy of 0.88–0.99. The proposed models can predict the highly sensitive pressure terms for aerodynamic flows.
Abstract 1355: Evolution of immune tumor microenvironment (TME) from esophageal dysplasia to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
Authors: Guo Jhe-Cyuan , Hsu Chia-Lang , Huang Yen-Lin , Wu Tsung-Che , Hsu Chih-Hung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have revealed esophageal dysplasia, a precancerous lesion of ESCC, harbors similar mutations and markers of genomic instability as ESCC does. This observation suggests that other factors such as evasion of immune surveillance may be involved in the progression of esophageal dysplasia to ESCC. The study aimed to identify the key differences in the immune TME between esophageal dysplasia and ESCC.
Methods: Patients with a history of diagnosing with esophageal dysplasia for at least two times prior to the diagnosis of ESCC were enrolled. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from esophageal dysplasia diagnosed more than 6 months prior to the diagnosis of ESCC (denoted as dysplasia-1), esophageal dysplasia diagnosed within 6 months prior to the diagnosis of ESCC (denoted as dysplasia-2), and ESCC were retrieved. Transcriptomic data of esophageal dysplasia and ESCC tissues were generated by NanoString nCounter platform with Human PanCancer Immune Profiling panel, and were further analyzed for the expression levels of infiltrating immune cells by CIBERSORT.
Results Six ESCC patients (M:F= 6:0), with median age of 56.6 (range: 43.3-79.1) years, were enrolled. The median time between the diagnosis of dysplasia-1 and that of ESCC was 10.2 months (range 6.0-38.6) and the median time between the diagnosis of dysplasia-2 and that of ESCC was 2.3 months (range 0.0-6.0). The analysis of immune cell signatures defined by NanoString platform revealed that multiple cell types were significantly increased in ESCC compared with dysplasia-1 (mast cell, macrophage, CD8 T cell, B cell and dendritic cell, all P &lt; 0.05) and in ESCC compared with dysplasia-2 (macrophage, mast cell, dendritic cell, B cell, T cell, CD4 T cell, regulatory T cell, cytotoxic T cell, NK CD56dim cell, and T helper cell, all P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the immune cell signatures between dysplasia-1 and dysplasia-2. Immune cells classified by CIBERSORT showed an increase of M2 macrophage and a decrease of M1/M2 ratio in ESCC compared with dysplasia-1 or dysplasia-2 (both P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusions: Our data, showing an increase of M2 macrophage in TME of ESCC compared with its precancerous esophageal dysplasia, suggest that evolution of immune TME may play a role in the progression of esophageal dysplasia to ESCC. (Funded by MOST 108-2314-B-002-076-MY3, MOST 109-2314-B-002-231-, MOHW 111-TDU-B-221-114006, NTUCCS-110-10, and NTUCCS-111-05)
Citation Format: Jhe-Cyuan Guo, Chia-Lang Hsu, Yen-Lin Huang, Tsung-Che Wu, Chih-Hung Hsu. Evolution of immune tumor microenvironment (TME) from esophageal dysplasia to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1355.