bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased β1-adrenergic receptor antibody confers a vulnerable substrate for atrial fibrillation via mediating Ca2+ mishandling and atrial fibrosis in active immunization rabbit models
Authors: Sun Huaxin , Song Jie , Li Kai , Li Yao , Shang Luxiang , Zhou Qina , Lu Yanmei , Zong Yazhen , He Xiuyuan , Kari Muzappar , Yang Hang , Zhou Xianhui , Zhang Ling , Tang Baopeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Autoimmune disorder is the emerging mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF). The β1-adrenergic receptor antibody (β1-AAb) is associated with AF progress. Our study aims to investigate whether β1-AAbs involves in atrial vulnerable substrate by mediating Ca2+ mishandling and atrial fibrosis in autoimmune associated AF. Methods: Active immunization models were established via subcutaneous injection of the second extracellular loop (ECL2) peptide for β1 adrenergic receptor (β1AR). Invasive electrophysiologic study and ex vivo optical mapping were used to evaluate the changed electrophysiology parameters and calcium handling properties. Phospho-proteomics combined with molecular biology assay were performed to identify the potential mechanisms of remodeled atrial substrate elicited by β1-AAbs. Exogenous β1-AAbs were used to induce the cellular phenotypes of HL-1 cells and atrial fibroblasts to AF propensity. Results: β1-AAbs aggravated the atrial electrical instability and atrial fibrosis. Bisoprolol alleviated the alterations of action potential duration (APD), Ca2+ transient duration (CaD), and conduction heterogeneity challenged by β1-AAbs. β1-AAbs prolonged calcium transient refractoriness and promoted arrhythmogenic atrial alternans and spatially discordant alternans, which were partly counteracted through blocking β1AR. Its underlying mechanisms are related to β1AR-drived CaMKII/RyR2 activation of atrial cardiomyocytes and the myofibroblasts phenotype formation of fibroblasts. Conclusion: Suppressing β1-AAbs effectively protects the atrial vulnerable substrate by ameliorating intracellular Ca2+ mishandling and atrial fibrosis, preventing the process of the autoimmune associated AF.
Speech Sound Development in 18-Month-Old Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomies
Authors: Capelli Elena , Silibello Gaia , Provera Alessandra , Dall’Ara Francesca , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Monti Federico , Scionti Nicoletta , Zanchi Paola , Costantino Maria Antonella , Vizziello Paola Giovanna , Zampini Laura 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to describe speech sound development in a group of 18-month-old children with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs), compared with a group of typically developing (TD) peers. Concurrent and longitudinal relationships between speech sound abilities and lexical development were examined.

Method:
A group of 76 children aged 18 months, 38 children prenatally diagnosed with SCTs (12 with XXY, 12 with XYY, and 14 with XXX) and 38 TD children, participated in the study. From video recordings of semistructured naturalistic parent–child play sessions, quantitative and qualitative measures of speech sound development were collected (e.g., the number of consonants, type and place of articulation, and syllable structures used), and group differences were observed. The relationships between the number of consonants produced and vocabulary size at 18 and 24 months were assessed.

Results:
At 18 months, children with SCTs used a significantly lower number of consonants than TD children. Qualitatively, children with SCTs used significantly fewer articulatory complex consonants (fricative/affricates) and a more restricted inventory of syllable structures. The number of consonants used was significantly correlated with lexical development at 18 months. Moreover, in the SCTs group (but not in the TD group), the children with lower speech sound development at 18 months showed a significantly smaller vocabulary growth between 18 and 24 months than those with higher speech-sound development.

Conclusions:
Toddlers with SCTs showed a significantly delayed speech sound development pattern rather than an atypical one. Children with SCTs with low speech sound development also showed lower vocabulary growth between 18 and 24 months of age. These results can be clinically relevant for follow-up and treatment planning for children with SCTs.
Three-Dimensional Speech Profiles in Stroke Aphasia and Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Haley Katarina L. , Jacks Adam 
Published: January 2023

Purpose:
Behaviorally, acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) is a multidimensional syndrome that the experienced clinician recognizes based on impaired articulation and abnormal temporal prosody. We conducted this study to determine the extent to which three core features of AOS—when defined quantitatively—distinguish categorically among aphasia with no or minimal speech sound involvement, aphasia with AOS, and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia (APP).

Method:
The study involved retrospective analysis of 195 participants with stroke-induced aphasia. We used three quantitative measures (phonemic error frequency, distortion error frequency, and word syllable duration [WSD]) to divide the sample into four participant groups according to the most likely speech diagnosis: aphasia with minimal speech sound errors, AOS, APP, and a borderline group with mixed profiles. We then conducted nonparametric comparisons across groups for which the measures were not defined and visualized all three measures in a three-dimensional graph.

Results:
The measures distributed as multidimensional spectra rather than discrete diagnostic entities, and there was considerable behavioral overlap among participant groups. Thirty percent of participants presented with aphasia with minimal sound production difficulties, and they were statistically indistinguishable from the APP group on distortion frequency and WSD. Distortion frequency and WSD were in a borderline region between AOS and APP for 29% of participants. Compared to all other groups, participants with AOS produced significantly more errors that affected listeners' phonemic perception.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that the current AOS–APP dichotomy has limited validity. We conclude that a continuous multidimensional view of speech variation would be a constructive perspective from which to understand how the left cerebral hemisphere produces speech and that quantitative and normed speech measures should be used to inform differential diagnosis in clinical settings.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21807609
A remote and cost‐optimized voting system using blockchain and smart contract
Authors: Neloy Mohammad Nabiluzzaman , Wahab Md. Abdul , Wasif Sheikh , All Noman Abdulla , Rahaman Mustafizur , Pranto Tahmid Hasan , Haque A. K. M. Bahalul , Rahman Rashedur M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTraditional voting procedures are non‐remote, time‐consuming, and less secure. While the voter believes their vote was submitted successfully, the authority does not provide evidence that the vote was counted and tallied. In most cases, the anonymity of a voter is also not sure, as the voter's details are included in the ballot papers. Many voters consider this voting system untrustworthy and manipulative, discouraging them from voting, and consequently, an election loses a significant number of participants. Although the inclusion of electronic voting systems (EVS) has increased efficiency; however, it has raised concerns over security, legitimacy, and transparency. To mitigate these problems, blockchain technology has been leveraged and smart contract facilities with a combination of artificial intelligence (AI) to propose a remote voting system that makes the overall voting procedure transparent, semi‐decentralized, and secure. In addition, a system that aids in boosting the number of turnouts in an election through an incentivization policy for the voters have also developed. Through the proposed virtual campaigning feature, the authority can generate a decent amount of revenue, which downsizes the overall cost of an election. To reduce the associated cost of transactions using smart contracts, this system implements a hybrid storage system where only a few cardinal data are stored in the blockchain network.
Improved power computation method for droop‐controlled single‐phase VSIs in standalone microgrid considering non‐linear loads
Authors: Kherbachi Abdelhamid , Chouder Aissa , Bendib Ahmed , Ahmed Hafiz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractComputation of active and reactive powers is a crucial step in droop‐controlled single‐phase voltage source inverters (VSIs) in standalone microgrid since the performance and stability of the power‐sharing strategy are strongly influenced by its speed and accuracy, especially in the case of non‐linear loads. Here, an improved performance of power‐sharing among single‐phase droop‐controlled VSIs in an islanded microgrid, considering DC component and nonlinear loads is presented. To achieve this goal, an enhanced power‐sharing control scheme including a Multiple Enhanced Second‐Order Generalized Integrator Frequency‐Locked Loop (MESOGI‐FLL) for power calculation is proposed. As a result, the proposed power computation technique provides high rejection capability of DC component and current harmonics, hence, perfect estimation of the fundamental component of the inverter output current and its 90◦ phase‐shifted component. This strategy makes the power calculation method‐based control scheme immune to disturbance effects of the DC component and the high current harmonics. Detailed analysis, mathematical modelling of MESOGI, as well as a comparison with recent methods, are also provided. Simulation and experimental tests were carried out and the obtained results have shown the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed power‐sharing controller even under nonlinear load operating conditions.
A search for stellar tidal streams around Milky Way analogues from the SAGA sample
Authors: Miró-Carretero Juan , Martínez-Delgado David , Farràs-Aloy Sílvia , Gómez-Flechoso Maria A. , Cooper Andrew , Roca-Fàbrega Santi , Kuijken Konrad , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Donatiello Giuseppe 
Published: January 2023

Context. Stellar tidal streams are the result of tidal interactions between a central galaxy and lower mass systems such as satellite galaxies or globular clusters. For the Local Group, many diffuse substructures have been identified and their link to the galaxy evolution has been traced. However, it cannot simply be assumed that the Milky Way or M 31 are representative of their galaxy class. Thus, a larger sample of analogue galaxies beyond the Local Group is required to bolster a broader generalisation of the underlying theory.
Aims. We want to detect and photometrically characterise stellar streams around Milky Way (MW-) analogues in the local Universe in order to extend the observational evidence of interactions between this class of host galaxies and their satellites. This information will be applicable in a more general context around future studies on galaxy formation and evolution processes.
Methods. In the present work, we identified and analysed stellar tidal streams around MW-analogue galaxies from the SAGA sample, using deep images of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys. For this sample, we obtained a range of r-band surface brightness limit between 27.8 and 29 mag arcsec−2. We measured the surface brightness and colours of the detected streams using GNU Astronomy Utilities software.
Results. We identified 16 new stellar tidal streams around MW-analogue galaxies at distances between 25 and 40 Mpc. In applying a statistical analysis to our findings for the SAGA II galaxy sample, we obtained a frequency of 12.2% ± 2.4% for these stellar streams. We measured the surface brightness and colours of the detected streams and carried out a comparison to the dwarf satellite galaxies population around galaxies belonging to the same SAGA sample. We show that the mean colour of the streams is 0.20 mag redder than that of the SAGA satellites; in addition, the streams are, on average, 0.057 ± 0.021 mag redder that their progenitor (for cases where a likely progenitor could be identified).
Conclusions. The frequency of streams detected around MW-analogues in the Local Universe is in agreement with previous studies. The difference in colour between detected streams and satellites within the SAGA host galaxy sample could be explained by a combination of both selection biases in the SAGA study and physical processes.
Dynamic formation of multi-threaded prominences in arcade configurations
Authors: Jerčić V. , Keppens R. 
Published: January 2023

Context. High in the Sun’s atmosphere, prominences are plasma structures two orders of magnitude colder and denser than the surrounding corona. They often erupt, forming the core of violent and Earth-threatening coronal mass ejections. It is still unclear how these giant structures form and what causes their internal fine structure and dynamics. Moreover, it is not evident how mass and energy get exchanged with the lower layers of the Sun’s atmosphere.
Aims. We aim to understand the nature of prominences, governed by their formation process. We attempt to answer how exactly evaporation-condensation proceeds, and what the mass and energy exchange is like between the prominence and the regions where they are rooted, most notably the chromosphere and the transition region.
Methods. We used a state-of-the-art threaded prominence model within a dipped magnetic arcade. We solved the non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations using the open source MPI-AMRVAC MHD toolkit. Unlike many previous 1D models where a magnetic field was assumed ‘infinitely strong’, we studied the full 2D dynamics in a fixed-shaped arcade. This allowed for sideways field deformations and a cross-field thermodynamic coupling. To achieve a realistic setup, we considered field-aligned thermal conduction, radiative cooling, and heating, wherein the latter combines a steady background and a localised stochastic component. The stochastic component simulates energy pulses localised in time and space at the footpoints of the magnetic arcade. We varied the height and the amplitude of the localised heating and observed how it influences the prominence, its threads, and its overall dynamics.
Results. We show with this work the importance of the random localised heating in the evolution of prominences and their threaded structure. Random heating strongly influences the morphology of the prominence threaded structure, the area, the mass the threads reach, their minimum temperature, and their average density. More importantly, the strength of the localised heating plays a role in maintaining the balance between condensation and draining, affecting the general prominence stability. Stronger sources form condensations faster and result in larger and more massive prominences. We show how the condensation rates scale with the amplitude of the heating inputs and we quantify how these rates match with values from observations. We detail how stochastic sources determine counter-streaming flows and the oscillations of prominence threads.
Real-World Use of Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Type 2 Diabetes: Results
from SemaglUtide Real-world Evidence (SURE) Germany
Authors: Menzen Markus , Berentzen Tina Landsvig , Catarig Andrei-Mircea , Pieperhoff Sebastian , Simon Jörg , Jacob Stephan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Context Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide in type 2 diabetes
were established in the phase 3 SUSTAIN trials, which included patients across
the continuum of type 2 diabetes care. It is useful to complement these findings
with real-world evidence.
Objective SURE Germany evaluated once-weekly semaglutide in a real-world
type 2 diabetes patient population.
Design/setting The prospective observational study was conducted
at 93 clinical practices in adults with+≥ 1 documented
glycated haemoglobin value ≤12 weeks before initiation of
semaglutide.
Intervention Once-weekly semaglutide was prescribed at the
physicians’ discretion.
Main outcomes The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin from
baseline to end-of-study (~30 weeks). Secondary endpoints included
changes in body weight and patient-reported outcomes. All adverse events were
systematically collected and reported, including patient-reported documented
and/or severe hypoglycaemia.
Results Of 779 patients in the full analysis set, 669 (85.9%)
completed the study on treatment with semaglutide, comprising the effectiveness
analysis set. In this data set, estimated mean changes in glycated haemoglobin
and body weight from baseline to end-of-study were –1.0%point
(–10.9 mmol/mol; P<0.0001) and
–4.5 kg (–4.2%; P<0.0001).
Sensitivity analyses supported the primary analysis. Improvements were observed
in other secondary endpoints, including patient-reported outcomes. No new safety
concerns were identified.
Conclusions In a real-world population in Germany, patients with type 2
diabetes treated with once-weekly semaglutide experienced clinically significant
improvements in glycaemic control and body weight. These results support the use
of once-weekly semaglutide in routine clinical practice in adult patients with
type 2 diabetes in Germany.
Direct fabrication of flexible tensile sensors enabled by polariton energy transfer based on graphene nanosheet films
Authors: Zhang Xi , Ma Junchi , Huang Wenhao , Zhang Jichen , Lyu Chaoyang , Zhang Yu , Wen Bo , Wang Xin , Ye Jing , Diao Dongfeng 
Published: January 2023

A fundamental problem in the direct manufacturing of flexible devices is the low melting temperature of flexible substrates, which hinders the development of flexible electronics. Proposed here is an electron-cyclotron-resonance sputtering system that can batch-fabricate devices directly on flexible substrates under a low temperature by virtue of the polariton energy transfer between the plasma and the material. Flexible graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (F-GNEC) films are manufactured directly on polyimide, polyethylene terephthalate, and polydimethylsiloxane, and how the substrate bias (electron energy), microwave power (plasma flux and energy), and magnetic field (electron flux) affect the nanostructure of the F-GNEC films is investigated, indicating that electron energy and flux contribute to the formation of standing graphene nanosheets in the film. The films have good uniformity of distribution in a large size (17 mm × 17 mm), and tensile and angle sensors with a high gauge factor (0.92) and fast response (50 ms) for a machine hand are obtained by virtue of the unique nanostructure of the F-GNEC film. This work sheds light on the quantum manufacturing of carbon sensors and its applications for intelligent machine hands and virtual-reality technology.
Multiplexing quantum tunneling diodes for random number generation
Authors: Aungskunsiri Kanin , Amarit Ratthasart , Jantarachote Sakdinan , Wongpanya Kruawan , Punpetch Pongpun , Sumriddetchkajorn Sarun 
Published: January 2023

Random numbers are indispensable resources for application in modern science and technology. Therefore, a dedicated entropy source is essential, particularly for cryptographic tasks and modern applications. In this work, we experimentally demonstrated a scheme to generate random numbers by multiplexing eight tunnel diodes onto a single circuit. As a result, the data rate of random number generation was significantly enhanced eightfold. In comparison to the original scheme that employed one diode, this multiplexing scheme produced data with higher entropy. These data were then post-processed with the Toeplitz-hashing extractor, yielding final outputs that achieved almost full entropy and passed the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-90B validation. These data also passed the NIST Special Publication 800-22 statistical randomness examination and had no sign of patterns detected from an autocorrelation analysis.
Measuring temperature dependence of dimensionless figure of merit of a thermoelectric module using time-domain impedance spectroscopy
Authors: Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Takeuchi Mai 
Published: January 2023

This paper introduces transient Harman (TH), impedance spectroscopy (IS), and time-domain impedance spectroscopy (TDIS) methods as feasible techniques for determining the temperature dependence shown by the dimensionless figure of merit ( zT) of a BiTe-based thermoelectric module from 50 to 320 K. An optimum current was selected to deduce the proper zT under a dominant Peltier heat. The comparison results indicated that the TH method enables a rapid estimation of zT, typically within several minutes. Although the measurement times for the IS (several minutes to hours) and TDIS (several minutes) methods were different, both the methods yielded comparable zT values, and the TDIS method was found to be more reliable for the module with zT > 0.02 and a resolution of 0.001. Furthermore, temperature stabilization of the measurement specimen using the TDIS method also emerged as one of the key factors that determined the accuracy and resolution of the zT estimation.
Broadband, high power THz source at 540 kHz using organic crystal BNA
Authors: Mansourzadeh Samira , Vogel Tim , Omar Alan , Shalaby Mostafa , Cinchetti Mirko , Saraceno Clara J. 
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate efficient optical rectification in the organic crystal BNA (N-benzyl-2-methyl-4-nitroaniline), driven by a temporally compressed, commercially available industrial Yb-laser system operating at a 540 kHz repetition rate. Our terahertz (THz) source reaches 5.6 mW of THz average power driven by 4.7 W, 45 fs pulses, and the resulting THz-time domain spectroscopy combines a very broad bandwidth of 7.5 THz and a high dynamic range of 75 dB (in a measurement time of 70 s). The conversion efficiency at maximum THz power is 0.12%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest THz power so far demonstrated with BNA, achieved at a high repetition rate and enabling to demonstrate a unique combination of bandwidth and dynamic range for THz-spectroscopy applications.
Rapid synaptic and gamma rhythm signature of mouse critical period plasticity
Authors: Quast Kathleen B. , Reh Rebecca K. , Caiati Maddalena D. , Kopell Nancy , McCarthy Michelle M. , Hensch Takao K. 
Published: January 2023

Early-life experience enduringly sculpts thalamocortical (TC) axons and sensory processing. Here, we identify the very first synaptic targets that initiate critical period plasticity, heralded by altered cortical oscillations. Monocular deprivation (MD) acutely induced a transient (<3 h) peak in EEG γ-power (~40 Hz) specifically within the visual cortex, but only when the critical period was open (juvenile mice or adults after dark-rearing,
Lynx1
-deletion, or diazepam-rescued GAD65-deficiency). Rapid TC input loss onto parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory interneurons (but not onto nearby pyramidal cells) was observed within hours of MD in a TC slice preserving the visual pathway – again once critical periods opened. Computational TC modeling of the emergent γ-rhythm in response to MD delineated a cortical interneuronal gamma (ING) rhythm in networks of PV-cells bearing gap junctions at the start of the critical period. The ING rhythm effectively dissociated thalamic input from cortical spiking, leading to rapid loss of previously strong TC-to-PV connections through standard spike-timing-dependent plasticity rules. As a consequence, previously silent TC-to-PV connections could strengthen on a slower timescale, capturing the gradually increasing γ-frequency and eventual fade-out over time. Thus, ING enables cortical dynamics to transition from being dominated by the strongest TC input to one that senses the statistics of population TC input after MD. Taken together, our findings reveal the initial synaptic events underlying critical period plasticity and suggest that the fleeting ING accompanying a brief sensory perturbation may serve as a robust readout of TC network state with which to probe developmental trajectories.