bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian rate coefficients of the tungsten ions: W46+–W55+
Authors: Bao Runjia , Li Bowen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This study focuses on the significance of suprathermal (‘hot’) electrons in the tokamak device. Hot electrons, which follow a non-Maxwellian energy distribution, are high-energy electrons that exert a substantial influence on various processes taking place within the plasma. Our aim was to investigate the influence of non-Maxwellian distribution on the rate coefficients of highly charged tungsten ions. This paper presents Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian electron impact ionization rate coefficients for W46+ to W55+ ions. The cross sections were calculated using the fully relativistic flexible atomic code with level-to-level distorted-wave method. We found that even for a small fraction of hot electrons, the contribution of hot electrons to the rate coefficients is still dominant at low bulk temperature.
High harmonic generation in solids: particle and wave perspectives
Authors: Li Liang , Lan Pengfei , Zhu Xiaosong , Lu Peixiang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) from gas-phase atoms (or molecules) has opened up a new frontier in ultrafast optics, where attosecond time resolution and angstrom spatial resolution are accessible. The fundamental physical pictures of HHG are always explained by the laser-induced recollision of particle-like electron motion, which lay the foundation of attosecond spectroscopy. In recent years, HHG has also been observed in solids. One can expect the extension of attosecond spectroscopy to the condensed matter if a description capable of resolving the ultrafast dynamics is provided. Thus, a large number of theoretical studies have been proposed to understand the underlying physics of solid HHG. Here, we revisit the recollision picture in solid HHG and show some challenges of current particle-perspective methods, and present the recently developed wave-perspective Huygens–Fresnel picture for understanding dynamical systems within the ambit of strong-field physics.
Structuring the local handedness of synthetic chiral light: global chirality versus polarization of chirality
Authors: Rego Laura , Ayuso David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Synthetic chiral light enables ultrafast and highly efficient imaging of molecular chirality. Unlike standard circularly polarized light, the handedness of synthetic chiral light does not rely on the spatial structure of the light field: it is encoded locally, in the chiral trajectory that the tip of the electric-field vector draws in time, at each point in space. Synthetic chiral light that is both locally and globally chiral (Ayuso et al 2019 Nat. Photon.
13 866) allows us to selectively quench the nonlinear response of a selected molecular enantiomer while maximizing it in its mirror twin at the level of total signal intensities. Synthetic chiral light that exhibits polarization of chirality (Ayuso et al 2021 Nat. Commun.
12 3951) allows us to realize a chiral version of Young’s double-slit experiment that leads to enantio-sensitive light bending. Here we connect these new concepts, and show how one can structure the local and global handedness of synthetic chiral light in space to create optical fields which can be both globally chiral and chirality polarized. Using state-of-the-art computational modeling, we show how these local and global properties are imprinted in the enantio-sensitive response of chiral molecules, creating exciting opportunities for ultrafast, all-optical and highly efficient imaging of molecular chirality.
Structural, optical properties of V2O5 and NiO thin films and fabrication of V2O5/NiO heterojunction
Authors: Kishor C H Raj , Ruksana M , Amisha T , Aneesh P M 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The exceptional stability of metal oxide heterojunctions makes them worthy of the future. Here we report V2O5/NiO heterojunction device fabricated utilizing both physical and chemical deposition techniques. Orthorhombic V2O5 thin films were grown by thermal evaporation technique using the V2O5 nanostructures synthesized via reverse micelle method. Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were deposited using the solution-processed spin coating technique. The structural, optical and morphological properties of the V2O5 and NiO thin films were studied in detail. Highly transparent V2O5/NiO heterojunction was fabricated on FTO coated glass substrate with a device geometry of FTO/NiO/V2O5/Ag. The electrical properties were studied and the J-V curve shows a rectifying nature with a rectification ratio of 12 at a bias voltage of 0.7 V and a knee voltage of 0.58 V. The variation of the ideality factor is studied in different linear regions of the ln (J)- V curve. From the C-V characteristics of the device, a built-in potential of 0.54 V was obtained.
Evaluation of temperature and concentration fields from refractive index field for evaporation-induced convective flow
Authors: Sabnis Avdhut , Anand T N C , Bakshi Shamit 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present work relates to the simultaneous determination of concentration and temperature fields from a refractive index field, and is motivated by applications in evaporation. Several optical measurement techniques such as schlieren and interferometry can measure the refractive index field, which can then be converted to a density and temperature field for a single component system. The refractive index, however, is dependent on both temperature and concentration for a multi-component system involving combined heat and mass transfer. Hence, either the temperature or concentration field must be known to obtain the other. To circumvent this issue, several methods are evaluated in this study to extract concentration and temperature fields from a refractive index field. The evaluation is performed based on data from a coupled numerical solution of Navier–Stokes, energy and species conservation equations. The refractive index field can be obtained from this computed temperature and concentration field. This refractive index field is then separately used to obtain the combined temperature-concentration field using the method proposed in this work. This method is based on the premise that there is a relationship between temperature and concentration fields which can help to independently calculate both when the refractive index field is known. The temperature and concentration fields obtained using this approach are then compared with the originally computed field and the errors in them are estimated for a wide range of Lewis numbers. From the study, it is concluded that the proposed methods can be used to accurately determine the temperature and concentration fields from a given refractive index field.
The effective field theory approach to the strong coupling issue in f(T) gravity
Authors: Hu Yu-Min , Zhao Yaqi , Ren Xin , Wang Bo , Saridakis Emmanuel N. , Cai Yi-Fu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the scalar perturbations and the possible strong coupling issues of f(T) around a cosmological background, applying the effective field theory (EFT) approach. We revisit the generalized EFT framework of modified teleparallel gravity, and apply it by considering both linear and second-order perturbations for f(T) theory. We find that no new scalar mode is present in both linear and second-order perturbations in f(T) gravity, which suggests a strong coupling problem. However, based on the ratio of cubic to quadratic Lagrangians, we provide a simple estimation of the strong coupling scale, a result which shows that the strong coupling problem can be avoided at least for some modes. In conclusion, perturbation behaviors that at first appear problematic may not inevitably lead to a strong coupling problem, as long as the relevant scale is comparable with the cutoff scale M of the applicability of the theory.
Growth of curvature perturbations for PBH formation & detectable GWs in non-minimal curvaton scenario revisited
Authors: Chen Chao , Ghoshal Anish , Lalak Zygmunt , Luo Yudong , Naskar Abhishek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe revisit the growth of curvature perturbations in non-minimal curvaton scenario with a non-trivial field metricλ(ϕ) whereϕis an inflaton field, and incorporate the effect from the non-uniform onset of curvaton's oscillation in terms of an axion-like potential. The field metricλ(ϕ) plays a central role in the enhancement of curvaton field perturbation δχ, serving as an effective friction term which can be either positive or negative, depending on the first derivativeλ,ϕ. Our analysis reveals thatδχundergoes the superhorizon growth when the conditionηeff≡ -2 √2ϵMPlλ,ϕ/λ< -3 is satisfied. This is analogous to the mechanism responsible for the amplification of curvature perturbations in the context of ultra-slow-roll inflation, namely the growing modes dominate curvature perturbations. As a case study, we examine the impact of a Gaussian dip inλ(ϕ) and conduct a thorough investigation of both the analytical and numerical aspects of the inflationary dynamics. Our findings indicate that the enhancement of curvaton perturbations during inflation is not solely determined by the depth of the dip inλ(ϕ). Rather, the first derivativeλ,ϕalso plays a significant role, a feature that has not been previously highlighted in the literature. Utilizing theδ𝒩 formalism, we derive analytical expressions for both the final curvature power spectrum and the non-linear parameterfNLin terms of an axion-like curvaton's potential leading to the non-uniform curvaton's oscillation. Additionally, the resulting primordial black hole abundance and scalar-induced gravitational waves are calculated, which provide observational windows for PBHs.
Sensitivity extraction of step shape double gate (SSDG) TFET biosensor considering non-ideal scenario
Authors: Abdulquyyaum Khan Abdulkarim , Tiwari Shreyas , Saha Rajesh , Hoque Shandiul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this work, we have implemented the step-shape double gate Tunnel FET (SSDG-TFET) biosensor, where nanogaps are embedded to work it as a biosensor. In these nanogaps, the biomolecules are inserted to work it as biosensor. By increasing the dielectric constant (k) of the biomolecules from 5 to 12, the sensitivity (Sn) is retrieved when neutral and positive/negative biomolecules are present. The influence of k on switching ratios (ION/IOFF, ION/IAMBP) are highlighted under the incidence of neutral biomolecules. Furthermore, the sensitivity is extracted for altered step profiles such as increasing, decreasing, concave, and convex for two different fill factor (FF) of 30% and 60%. The obtained Sn is in the order of 1010 at k = 12 for neutral biomolecules. The comparison of Sn for the SSDG-TFET biosensor with previously published literature is highlighted. Finally, the Sn of SSDG-TFET biosensor for various protein based materials are extracted.
Bending of PN junctions in flexoelectric semiconductors
Authors: Wei Chao , Tang Jian , Huang Wenbin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, electromechanical fields and carrier distributions in a PN junction with coupling to bending deformation are investigated. Based on the macroscopic theory of flexoelectricity and the semiconductor drift-diffusion theory, a one-dimensional model of the PN junction is developed. The effects of doping level, flexoelectric coefficient and material constants on electrons and holes at the equilibrium state are analyzed. The I-V characteristic of the PN junction under the bias voltage is also obtained. The flexoelectric field is demonstrated to affect the built-in electric field of the PN junction and the carrier distributions in the p-doped and n-doped regions, suggesting an avenue for performance tuning of PN junctions.
Can nonvolatile tastants be smelled during food oral processing?
Authors: He Yue , Chen Jianshe , Shi Weiyao , Shi Jingang , Ma Tian , Wang Xinmiao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhile accumulating evidence implied the involvement of retro-nasal sensation in the consumption of nonvolatile taste compounds, it is still unclear whether it was caused by the taste compounds themselves, and if so, how can they migrate from the oral to nasal cavity. At first, we proposed aerosol particles as an alternative oral–nasal mass transfer mechanism. The high-speed camera approved that aerosol particles could be generated by the typical oral and pharynx actions during food oral processing; while the narrow-band imaging of nasal cleft and mass spectrometry of nostril-exhaled air approved the migration of aerosol within the oral–nasal route. Then, the “smelling” of taste compounds within the aerosol particles was testified. The four-alternative forced choices (4AFC) approved that the potential volatile residues or contaminants within the headspace air of pure taste solution cannot arouse significant smell, while the taste compounds embedded in the in vitro prepared aerosol particles can be “smelled” via the ortho route. The “smell” of sucrose is very different from its taste and the “smell” of quinine, implying its actual olfaction. The sweetness intensity of sucrose solution was also reduced when the volunteers’ noses were clipped, indicating the involvement of retro-nasal sensation during its drinking. At last, the efficiency of aerosol as a mechanism of oral–nasal mass transfer was demonstrated to be comparable with the volatile molecules under the experimental condition, giving it the potential to be a substantial and unique source of retro-nasal sensation during food oral processing.
The T1R3 subunit of the sweet taste receptor is activated by D2O in transmembrane domain-dependent manner
Authors: Ben Abu Natalie , Ben Shoshan-Galeczki Yaron , Malach Einav , Y. Niv Masha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Deuterium oxide (D2O) is water in which the heavier and rare isotope deuterium replaces both hydrogens. We have previously shown that D2O has a distinctly sweet taste, mediated by the T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptor. Here, we explore the effect of heavy water on T1R2 and T1R3 subunits. We show that D2O activates T1R3-transfected HEK293T cells similarly to T1R2/T1R3-transfected cells. The response to glucose dissolved in D2O is higher than in water. Mutations of phenylalanine at position 7305.40 in the transmembrane domain of T1R3 to alanine, leucine, or tyrosine impair or diminish activation by D2O, suggesting a critical role for T1R3 TMD domain in relaying the heavy water signal.
Men’s mental health and the arts: perceived benefits and dynamics of engagement
Authors: O’Donnell Shane , Lohan Maria , Oliffe John L , Grant David , Richardson Noel , Galway Karen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Arts engagement is gaining recognition as a non-clinical approach to promote mental health and well-being. However, the perceived utility of the arts to promote mental health among men with low socioeconomic status (SES) and how to best engage them is underexplored. This study explores the lived experiences of men with low SES who engage with the arts in Northern Ireland (n = 41). Data collected via focus groups (n = 5) and interviews (n = 11) were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to inductively derive four themes. Theme 1 highlights how the arts facilitated friendship, a collective identity, peer support and a reason to socialize. Themes 2 and 3 explore how the arts enhanced self-esteem and emotional regulation by developing a routine, purpose, sense of mastery, a sense of catharsis through immersion in a soothing endeavour and an alternative outlet for self-expression. Theme 4 covers strategies that facilitate male engagement in the arts such as using a familiar space, delivering to an existing male group, framing the programme around male interests not health or creativity, building on existing strengths and capacities, enabling ownership, using tangible action-orientated activities, and being non-authoritative and flexible with delivery. This is one of the first studies to highlight the gendered dimensions in which men with low SES engage with and experience mental health benefits through arts engagement. This study points towards relevant theories to further understand the pathways between the arts and improved mental health among men which can inform development of tailored arts programmes for men.
Complex Surfaces With Many Algebraic Structures
Authors: Abasheva Anna , Déev Rodion 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We find new examples of complex surfaces with countably many non-isomorphic algebraic structures. Here is one such example: take an elliptic curve $E$ in $\mathbb P^{2}$ and blow up nine general points on $E$. Then the complement $M$ of the strict transform of $E$ in the blow-up has countably many algebraic structures. Moreover, each algebraic structure comes from an embedding of $M$ into a blow-up of $\mathbb P^{2}$ in nine points lying on an elliptic curve $F\not \simeq E$. We classify algebraic structures on $M$ using a Hopf transform: a way of constructing a new surface by cutting out an elliptic curve and pasting a different one. Next, we introduce the notion of an analytic K-theory of varieties. Manipulations with the example above lead us to prove that classes of all elliptic curves in this K-theory coincide. To put in another way, all motivic measures on complex algebraic varieties that take equal values on biholomorphic varieties do not distinguish elliptic curves.
The genus Cratoxylum: traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology
Authors: Huong Nguyen Thi , Hop Nguyen Quang , Son Ninh The 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The genus Cratoxylum contained medicinal herbs, which are widely distributed in South-East Asia and China. Plants of this genus were consumed as a vegetable side dish, a spice, an ingredient in soup, or a substitute for tea, as well as they are traditionally appropriate for various diseases such as fever, cough, flu, diarrhoea, etc. The most aims of the current review are to highlight the ultimate information about the traditional use, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Cratoxylum medicinal plants.

Key findings
The relevant literature data of Cratoxylum species have been gathered from Google Scholar, Sci-Finder, Web of Science, Science Direct and various journal websites. The most meaningful keyword ‘Cratoxylum’ was used in combination or alone in the search for references.

Summary
More than 150 reports have been retrieved from the search, completely written in English. Most of them are phytochemical and pharmacological studies, which determined the isolations of 277 metabolites. Xanthone derivatives (205 compounds, 74%) are essential, followed by other chemical classes such as flavonoids, anthraquinones, triterpenoids, benzophenones, phytosterols and tocopherols. Cratoxylum constituents possessed complexed pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antimalarial, antiviral, antiamoebic, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective and gastroprotective activities, especially in terms of anticancer.
Increased radiosensitivity of melanoma cells through cold plasma pretreatment mediated by ICG
Authors: Momeni Sara , Shanei Ahmad , Sazgarnia Ameneh , Azmoonfar Rasool , Ghorbani Farzaneh 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is the primary treatment for many cancers, but its effectiveness is reduced due to radioresistance and side effects. The study aims to investigate an emerging treatment for cancer, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), as a selectable treatment between cancerous and healthy cells and its role in the occurrence of photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing indocyanine green (ICG) as a photosensitizer. We examined whether the efficiency of radiotherapy could be improved by combining CAP with ICG. The PDT effect induced by cold plasma irradiation and the radiosensitivity of ICG were investigated on DFW and HFF cell lines. Then, for combined treatment, ICG was introduced to the cells and treated with radiotherapy, followed by cold plasma treatment simultaneously and 24-h intervals. MTT and colony assays were used to determine the survival of treated cells, and flow cytometry was used to identify apoptotic cells. Despite a decrease in the survival of melanoma cells in CAP, ICG did not affect RT. Comparing the ICG + CAP group with CAP, a significant reduction in cell survival was observed, confirming the photodynamic properties of plasma utilizing ICG. The treatment outcome depends on the duration of CAP. The results for healthy and cancer cells also confirmed the selectivity of plasma function. Moreover, cold plasma sensitized melanoma cells to radiotherapy, increasing treatment efficiency. Treatment of CAP with RT can be effective in treating melanoma. The inclusion of ICG results in plasma treatment enhancement. These findings help to select an optimal strategy for a combination of plasma and radiotherapy.
Phytochemical reduces toxicity of PM2.5: a review of research progress
Authors: Guo Yulan , Zhao Jinbin , Ma Xueer , Cai Ming , Chi Yuyang , Sun Chunmeng , Liu Shitong , Song Xiuling , Xu Kun 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Studies have shown that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects various cells, systems, and organs in vivo and in vitro. PM2.5 adversely affects human health through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phytochemicals are of interest for their broad range of physiological activities and few side effects, and, in recent years, they have been widely used to mitigate the adverse effects caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this review, the roles of various phytochemicals are summarized, including those of polyphenols, carotenoids, organic sulfur compounds, and saponin compounds, in mitigating PM2.5-induced adverse reactions through different molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis, and regulation of autophagy. These are useful as a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by PM2.5.
Comparing shift work tolerance across occupations, work arrangements, and gender
Authors: Saksvik-Lehouillier I , Sørengaard T A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
There are individual differences in shift work tolerance; however, we lack knowledge about how this is experienced across different occupations, sex and shift types.

Aims
The aim was to describe and investigate shift work tolerance, and individual differences in shift work tolerance, in two occupations, between men and women and between day/evening workers and rotating shift workers.

Methods
Cross-sectional questionnaire study. The sample was comprised of 315 retail workers and 410 police employees.

Results
Shift work tolerance was higher among police employees compared to retail workers, among men compared to women, and among day workers compared to evening/rotating shift workers. The difference was larger between occupations than between sex and shift type. Evening workers had more symptoms of shift work intolerance than rotating shift workers. Neuroticism and autonomy were related to all symptoms of shift work tolerance among retail workers, but not police employees.

Conclusions
It is important to consider the type of occupation and the work context when tailoring work arrangements to the individual.