bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loneliness and biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease, axonal damage, and astrogliosis: A coordinated analysis of two longitudinal cohorts
Authors: Terracciano Antonio , Walker Keenan A , An Yang , Bilgel Murat , Sutin Angelina R , Luchetti Martina , Karakose Selin , Stephan Yannick , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J , Karikari Thomas K , Kac Przemysław R , Moghekar Abhay R , Thambisetty Madhav , Ferrucci Luigi , Resnick Susan M 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Loneliness is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. There is mixed evidence from imaging studies on whether loneliness is associated with neuropathology in dementia-free adults. This study tests whether loneliness is associated with plasma neurobiomarkers of amyloid (Aβ42/Aβ40), phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and imaging measures of amyloid and tau.

Methods
Participants were cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA; N=1,028 individuals and up to 2,277 neurobiomarker measurements; Baseline mean age=66, SD=15 years) and the UK Biobank (N=1,263 individuals and up to 2,526 neurobiomarker measurements; Baseline mean age=60, SD=7 years). Single-item measures of loneliness and the Quanterix Single Molecule Array assays were used in both samples. In a subset of BLSA participants, positron emission tomography (PET) was used to assess cerebral amyloid burden (n=220) and tau in the entorhinal cortex (n=102).

Results
In both samples and meta-analyses, loneliness was unrelated to plasma measures of Aβ42/Aβ40, pTau181, NfL, and GFAP. Changes in loneliness were also unrelated to changes in the plasma neurobiomarkers, and no consistent evidence of moderation by age, sex, or APOE ε4 allele was found. Loneliness was also unrelated to PET based measures of amyloid and tau.

Discussion
This study found no associations between loneliness and measures of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, axonal damage, or astrogliosis.
The outcome of diabetic retinopathy health education program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Rif’atunnailah Mat Isa , Mei-Chan Chong , Wan Ling Lee , Tajunisah Iqbal , Mohd Iman Saiful Suhardi , Thandar Soe Sumaiyah Jamaludin , Nurul Afieda Roslim 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) may develop into sight-threatening DR and vision loss if early intervention is not carried out. This study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of DR health education program for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The quasi-experimental research design was applied. The intervention group underwent a web-based DR health education program while the control group was followed up the usual way at an ophthalmology clinic for 1 year. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures ANOVA and general linear model to evaluate the mean difference between groups. A total of 180 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study, with equal number in the control and intervention groups, respectively, with 28% of dropout rate. There was a significant mean difference in knowledge score [F (1178)  = 116.57, P = 0.001], diabetes self-care [F (1178)  = 116.57, P = 0.001] and visual-related quality of life [F (1178)  = 12.70), P = 0.001] between the control and the intervention groups. The intervention group scored the highest in all three categories. Educational interventions positively affected adherence to self-care and visual-related quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients as shown in this study. DRHEP should be considered an added benefit in T2DM management, starting with comprehensive care enrollment.
A Mean Value Theorem for Dirichlet Polynomials Associated With Primitive Dirichlet L-Functions
Authors: Baluyot Siegfred , Turnage-Butterbaugh Caroline L 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Consider the family of Dirichlet $L$-functions of all even primitive characters of conductor at most $Q$, where $Q$ is a parameter tending to infinity. For $X=Q^{\eta }$ with $1&lt;\eta &lt;2$, we examine Dirichlet polynomials of length $X$ with coefficients those of the Dirichlet series of a product of an arbitrary (finite) number of shifted $L$-functions from the family. Assuming the Generalized Lindelöf Hypothesis for Dirichlet $L$-functions, we prove an asymptotic formula for averages of these Dirichlet polynomials. Our result agrees with the prediction of the recipe of Conrey, Farmer, Keating, Rubinstein, and Snaith for these averages. One may view our result as evidence for the “one-swap” terms in the recipe prediction for the general $2k$th moment of the family of Dirichlet $L$-functions.
One-year monitorization of the gut colonization by multidrug resistant bacteria in elderly of a single long-term care facility
Authors: Colmenarejo Cristina , Rodríguez-Jiménez Concepción , Navarro Francisco Javier , Mateo Ana Belén , Pellejero Eva María , Belda-Moreno Rosa María , Ureña-Méndez Roberto , Pérez-Serrano Raúl , Illescas Soledad , Ramón Muñoz-Rodríguez José , del Campo Rosa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
To monitor the gut colonization by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in residents of a single long-term care facility (LTCF) in relation to their clinical evolution, antibiotic consumption and mortality risk.

Methods
In a total of 187 voluntarily enrolled residents, five rectal swabs samples were recovered over 1 year. Selective media were used to isolate MDR bacteria. Clinical data related to infections, antibiotic consumption and mortality were recovered. Mortality risk among residents who were MDR colonized and non-colonized was compared by Kaplan–Meier curves.

Results
Globally, 25% of residents have gut colonization by ESBL-producing Escherichia coli with a lack of other pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii or Clostridioides difficile. Monitoring of ESBL-producing E. coli colonization for 1 year allowed to us to establish three categories among residents: 48.6% never colonized, 15.5% had a persistent colonization, and the remaining 35.8% presented intermittent colonization. The rates of mortality, infections and antibiotic exposure were comparable among ESBL-producing E. coli colonized and non-colonized residents, except for the intermittent colonization group in which a higher and statistically significant mortality rate was observed. As expected, urinary and respiratory tract infections were the most prevalent infectious pathologies in the LTCF, with amoxicillin/clavulanate and fluoroquinolones being the most prescribed antibiotics. A high percentage of ESBL-producing E. coli (28%), and fluoroquinolone resistance were detected in clinical samples.

Conclusions
The monitoring of gut colonization by MDR microorganisms in a single LTCF for 1 year demonstrated the predominance of ESBL-producing E. coli. Almost half of the residents were resistant to its colonization, whereas in 15.5% of them gut colonization was stable. Incidence of infectious episodes and antibiotic exposure were comparable between colonized and non-colonized subjects, but the group with the highest risk of mortality was that with intermittent colonization by ESBL-producing E. coli.
Principles and implementation strategies for equitable and representative academic partnerships in global health informatics research
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth , Bear Don’t Walk Oliver J , Fraser Hamish , Gichoya Judy , Wagholikar Kavishwar B , Kanter Andrew S , Holl Felix , Craig Sansanee 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective
Developing equitable, sustainable informatics solutions is key to scalability and long-term success for projects in the global health informatics (GHI) domain. This paper presents key strategies for incorporating principles of health equity in the GHI project lifecycle.

Materials and Methods
The American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) GHI Working Group organized a collaborative workshop at the 2023 AMIA Annual Symposium that included the presentation of five case studies of how principles of health equity have been incorporated into projects situated in low-and-middle-income countries and with Indigenous communities in the U.S. and best practices for operationalizing these principles into other informatics projects.

Results
We present five principles: (1) Inclusion and Participation in Ethical, Sustainable Collaborations; (2) Engaging Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches; (3) Stakeholder Engagement; (4) Scalability and Sustainability; (5) Representation in Knowledge Creation, along with strategies that informatics researchers may use to incorporate these principles into their work.

Discussion
Presented case studies and subsequent focus groups yielded key concepts and strategies to promote health equity that may be operationalized across GHI projects.

Conclusion
Equitable, sustainable, and scalable GHI projects require intentional integration of community and stakeholder perspectives in project development, implementation, and knowledge creation processes.
Whole stillage inclusion level influences in vitro fiber digestibility and ruminal fermentation of tall fescue hay
Authors: Ajayi Happiness J , Davis Brittany E , Lehmkuhler Jeffrey W , Harmon David L , Jiang Yun , Trotta Ronald J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
With the growing bourbon industry in the southeastern U.S. leading to increased production of liquid distillery byproducts, there is a pressing need to explore sustainable uses for whole stillage [containing residual grain (corn, rye, malted barley) and liquid after ethanol separation] in livestock nutrition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of increasing whole stillage inclusion on the in vitro fiber digestibility and ruminal fermentation of tall fescue hay. Ruminal contents were obtained from 2 ruminally cannulated Angus × Holstein steers (390 ± 4.49 kg BW) fed a basal diet consisting of 90% tall fescue hay and 10% cracked corn. Whole stillage was obtained from a local distillery, homogenized, and replaced water in the Goering and Van Soest buffer preparation at 0.00%, 9.06%, 18.1%, or 36.3% on a v/v basis to simulate ruminal fill of whole stillage under practical conditions. Tall fescue hay was used as the substrate and vessels were incubated for 48 h. Results were analyzed with the GLM procedure of SAS using polynomial contrast statements for statistical comparison. Increasing whole stillage inclusion linearly decreased (P = 0.002) apparent dry matter (DM) digestibility, with the lowest (quadratic: P = 0.03) coefficients for true DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility occurring at 36.3% whole stillage inclusion. The rate and extent of gas production, methane production, and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration increased (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing whole stillage inclusion. The final pH of the fermentation media linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.001) with increasing whole stillage inclusion. The molar acetate, valerate, isovalerate, and isobutyrate proportions decreased (P &lt; 0.05) with increasing whole stillage inclusion. The molar propionate proportion responded quadratically (P &lt; 0.01), with the peak proportion occurring at 36.3% whole stillage inclusion. Increasing whole stillage inclusion linearly decreased (P &lt; 0.001) the viable number of cellulolytic and 2-deoxyglucose-resistant cellulolytic bacteria in the fermentation media. Peptide- and amino acid-utilizing bacteria increased linearly (P &lt; 0.001) and hyper-ammonia-producing bacterial concentration peaked (quadratic: P = 0.05) at 36.3% whole stillage inclusion. Increasing whole stillage inclusion in the in vitro ruminal media demonstrated negative effects on the fermentation of tall fescue hay, as indicated by decreased NDF digestibility, cellulolytic bacteria, pH, and branched-chain VFA proportions.
Nutrient use and methane emissions in growing beef fed different protein sources and a pasture-based diet
Authors: Christodoulou Christos , Kliem Kirsty E , Auffret Marc D , Humphries David J , Kirton Paul , Jalal Hassan , Newbold John R , Davison Nicholas , Smith Laurence G , Stergiadis Sokratis 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different protein sources on feed intake, nutrient, and energy utilization, growth performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing beef cattle, also evaluated against a pasture-based diet. Thirty-two Holstein × Angus growing beef were allocated to four dietary treatments: a total mixed ration (TMR) including solvent-extracted soybean meal as the main protein source (n = 8), TMR with local brewers’ spent grains (n = 8), TMR with local field beans (n = 8), and a diet consisting solely of fresh-cut Italian ryegrass (GRA; n = 8). Every 4 wk, animals were moved to digestibility stalls within respiration chambers to measure nutrient intakes, energy and nitrogen (N) utilization, and enteric CH4 emissions. Feed intake (Calan gates), nutrient intakes, and CH4 emissions (GreenFeed) were also measured when animals were group-housed. In respiratory chambers, enteric CH4 yield per kg of dry matter intake (DMI), per kg of organic matter intake (OMI), and per kg body weight were lower (P &lt; 0.05) for GRA. Feces and urine energy outputs were higher (P = 0.007 and P &lt; 0.001, respectively) for GRA steers than concentrate-fed steers. Urinary nitrogen output (UNO, P = 0.026), manure (feces + urine) nitrogen output (MNO, P = 0.034), UNO/nitrogen intake (P = 0.002), and MNO/nitrogen intake (P = 0.006) were higher for GRA. During group-housing periods, CH4 emissions, measured by GreenFeed, were similar to those measured in chambers. Similar CH4 yield between treatments, expressed per kg digestible DMI and digestible OMI, may indicate that the lower diet digestibility was likely the reason for the reduced enteric CH4 emissions in pasture-based diets. The higher energy output and nitrogen losses, and the reduced nitrogen utilization for steers fed the fresh-cut ryegrass diet indicate less efficient energy and nitrogen utilization, which can be considered environmentally undesirable. The lower growth rates in the pasture-based system should also be accounted for when this is adopted for reducing production costs.
Comparative cardiovascular safety of romosozumab versus bisphosphonates in Japanese patients with osteoporosis: a new-user, active comparator design with instrumental variable analyses
Authors: Tominaga Ryoji , Ikenoue Tatsuyoshi , Ishii Ryosuke , Niihata Kakuya , Aita Tetsuro , Okuda Tadahisa , Shimizu Sayaka , Taguri Masataka , Kurita Noriaki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study analyzed the association of romosozumab, a human monoclonal antibody with bone-forming and bone resorption-inhibiting effects, and bisphosphonates with the development of cardiovascular disease among patients with osteoporosis. A new-user design was employed to address selection bias, and instrumental variable analysis was used to address confounding by indication. Japanese patients aged ≥40 years, diagnosed with osteoporosis or experienced a fragility fracture, were admitted to medical facilities covered by a commercial administrative claims database, and newly prescribed romosozumab or bisphosphonates after the commercialization of romosozumab in Japan (March 4, 2019) were included based on verification of a 180-day washout period. Cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction or stroke) was identified based on information regarding diagnosis, medical procedures, and drug codes. Facility-level prescription preference for romosozumab was used as an instrumental variable, defined as the proportion of romosozumab prescribed at the patient’s facility within 90 days prior to the index date. Of the 59 694 included prescriptions, 8808 were for romosozumab and 50 886 were for bisphosphonates. The mean age in the romosozumab group was higher than that in the bisphosphonates group (80.5 vs. 78.2 years, respectively), and most patients were females (85.3 vs. 80.2%, respectively). The incidence of cardiovascular disease within 1 year of prescription was 12.3 per 100 person-years for romosozumab versus 11.4 for bisphosphonates (unadjusted incidence rate ratio: 1.08, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.18). An instrumental variable analysis using the two-stage residual inclusion method yielded a hazard ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.90) for romosozumab compared with bisphosphonates over 1 year. Although possibly underpowered, this study showed that no definitive evidence of increased cardiovascular risk associated with romosozumab use compared with bisphosphonates was observed in patients with osteoporosis. These findings should be further validated by larger pharmacoepidemiological studies to alleviate clinicians’ concerns about romosozumab’s safety.
The Present and Future of the International Criminal Court
Authors: Hofmański Piotr 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The author focuses on issues of key importance from the point of view of the future of international criminal justice. One of these is the desire to make the system of the Rome Statute more universal. Another issue is the scope of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and the faulty triggering mechanism. The author postulates a return to the discussion on equipping the Court with universal jurisdiction and unification of the triggering mechanism in such a way that investigations into the crime of aggression are initiated in the same way as remaining investigations concerning other crimes are covered by the Court’s jurisdiction. The author considers the weakening of the readiness to cooperate with the Court, resulting from the tense political situation, to be a serious threat to the future of the Court.
Impact of nanostructured formulations for schistosomiasis treatment: a systematic review of in vivo preclinical evidence
Authors: de Castro Carvalho Silva Laís , Cunha dos Reis Luís Felipe , Malaquias Luiz Cosme Cotta , Carvalho Flávia Chiva , Novaes Rômulo Dias , Marques Marcos José 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma sp., and praziquantel (PZQ) is the first-line treatment. However, traditional PZQ formulations have low solubility and fast metabolism, limiting its effectiveness. Thus, nanoparticles have been proposed to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of poorly soluble antischistosomal drugs.

Aims
This systematic review used in vivo preclinical studies to map the available evidence and compare the efficacy of free PZQ and PZQ-based nanostructured formulations (N-PZQ) for schistosomiasis treatment.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched, and 1186 experimental studies published between 1974 and 2024 were screened. Parasitological, histopathological, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological outcomes were evaluated.

Results
Twelve relevant studies were identified exploring N-PZQ formulations based on liposomes, nanoliposomes, and nanocrystals. N-PZQ demonstrated better therapeutic efficacy than free PZQ, reducing parasite load, modifying oogram profiles, and down-regulating liver granuloma development (number and size). N-PZQ also exhibited improved pharmacokinetic profile, with enhanced bioavailability and longer half-life, as well as reduced toxicity (cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity) compared to free PZQ.

Conclusion
PZQ-based nanostructured formulations represent a promising strategy to enhance schistosomiasis treatment by improving chemotherapy efficacy, optimizing antiparasitic responses, pharmacokinetics, and reducing drug toxicity.
Mid-quantile mixed graphical models with an application to mass public shootings in the U.S.
Authors: Merlo Luca , Geraci Marco , Petrella Lea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Mass public shootings in the U.S. have become a major public health hazard, impacting the safety and well-being of individuals and communities. Motivated by this pressing issue, we propose a mid-quantile mixed graphical model for investigating the intricacies of inter- and infra-domain relationships of this complex phenomenon, where conditional relations between discrete and continuous variables are modelled without stringent distributional assumptions using Parzen’s definition of mid-quantile. To retrieve the graph structure and recover only the most relevant connections, we consider the neighbourhood selection approach in which conditional mid-quantiles of each variable in the network are modelled as a sparse function of all others. We propose a two-step procedure to estimate the graph where, in the first step, conditional mid-probabilities are obtained semi-parametrically and, in the second step, the model parameters are estimated by solving an implicit equation with a LASSO penalty.
Performance of ChatGPT-4o in the diagnostic workup of fever among returning travellers requiring hospitalization: a validation study
Authors: Yelin Dana , Shirin Neta , Harris Itai , Peretz Yovel , Yahav Dafna , Schwartz Eli , Leshem Eyal , Margalit Ili 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Febrile illness in returned travellers presents a diagnostic challenge in non-endemic settings. Chat generative pretrained transformer (ChatGPT) has the potential to assist in medical tasks, yet its diagnostic performance in clinical settings has rarely been evaluated. We conducted a validation assessment of ChatGPT-4o’s performance in the workup of fever in returning travellers.

Methods
We retrieved the medical records of returning travellers hospitalized with fever during 2009–2024. Their clinical scenarios at time of presentation to the emergency department were prompted to ChatGPT-4o, using a detailed uniform format. The model was further prompted with four consistent questions concerning the differential diagnosis and recommended workup. To avoid training, we kept the model blinded to the final diagnosis. Our primary outcome was ChatGPT-4o’s success rates in predicting the final diagnosis when requested to specify the top three differential diagnoses. Secondary outcomes were success rates when prompted to specify the single most likely diagnosis, and all necessary diagnostics. We also assessed ChatGPT-4o as a predicting tool for malaria and qualitatively evaluated its failures.

Results
ChatGPT-4o predicted the final diagnosis in 68% [95% confidence interval (CI) 59–77%], 78% (95% CI 69–85%) and 83% (95% CI 74–89%) of the 114 cases, when prompted to specify the most likely diagnosis, top three diagnoses and all possible diagnoses, respectively. ChatGPT-4o showed a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 93–100%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI 85–98%) for predicting malaria. The model failed to provide the final diagnosis in 18% (20/114) of cases, primarily by failing to predict globally endemic infections (16/21, 76%).

Conclusions
ChatGPT-4o demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy when prompted with real-life scenarios of febrile returning travellers presenting to the emergency department, especially for malaria. Model training is expected to yield an improved performance and facilitate diagnostic decision-making in the field.
Velocity dispersion function evolution from strong lensing statistics
Authors: Ferrami G , Wyithe J Stuart B 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The redshift and size distributions of galaxy-scale strong lenses depend on the evolution of early-type galaxies. We use this dependence to constrain the velocity dispersion function (VDF) evolution from the Strong Lensing Legacy Survey sample of lenses in the redshift range $0.25\lesssim z \lesssim 0.75$. Our modelling of the lens population includes lens identifiability given survey parameters, and constrains the evolution of the VDF based on the redshift distributions of sources and lenses as well as the distribution of Einstein radii. We consider five different assumptions for the reference VDF at redshift zero and two sets of scaling relations for the VDF. We find that in all cases the observed lens sample favours a slow evolution of both the VDF normalization factor and the VDF characteristic velocity with redshift which is consistent with a VDF that is constant in redshift for $z\lesssim 0.75$.