bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cisplatin-induced azoospermia and testicular damage ameliorated by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Ismail Hamdy Y. , Shaker Nora A. , Hussein Shaymaa , Tohamy Adel , Fathi Mohamed , Rizk Hamdy , Wally Y. R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe testes are highly susceptible to the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation at all stages of life. Exposure to these threats mainly occurs during cancer treatment and as an occupational hazard in radiation centers. The present study investigated the regenerative ability of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) against the adverse effects of cisplatin on the structure and function of the testes.MethodsNew Zealand white rabbits (N = 15) were divided into three groups of five: a negative control group (no treatment), a cisplatin group (single dose of cisplatin into each testis followed three days later by a PBS injection), and a cisplatin + ADMSCs group (cisplatin injection followed three days later by an ADMSC injection). On day 45 post-treatment, serum testosterone levels were evaluated, and the testes and epididymis were collected for histology, oxidative stress examination, and epididymal sperm analysis.ResultsCisplatin caused damage to the testicular tissue and decreased serum testosterone levels, epididymal sperm counts, and oxidants. An antioxidant imbalance was detected due to increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in testicular tissue. The ADMSC-treated group displayed a moderate epididymal sperm count, adequate antioxidant protection, suitable hormone levels, and enhanced testicular tissue morphology.ConclusionsADMSCs treatment repaired damaged testicular tissue, enhanced biochemical parameters, and modified pathological changes caused by cisplatin.
Enhanced brain parcellation via abnormality inpainting for neuroimage-based consciousness evaluation of hydrocephalus patients by lumbar drainage
Authors: Zang Di , Zhao Xiangyu , Qiao Yuanfang , Huo Jiayu , Wu Xuehai , Wang Zhe , Xu Zeyu , Zheng Ruizhe , Qi Zengxin , Mao Ying , Zhang Lichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBrain network analysis based on structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered as an effective method for consciousness evaluation of hydrocephalus patients, which can also be applied to facilitate the ameliorative effect of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage (LCFD). Automatic brain parcellation is a prerequisite for brain network construction. However, hydrocephalus images usually have large deformations and lesion erosions, which becomes challenging for ensuring effective brain parcellation works. In this paper, we develop a novel and robust method for segmenting brain regions of hydrocephalus images. Our main contribution is to design an innovative inpainting method that can amend the large deformations and lesion erosions in hydrocephalus images, and synthesize the normal brain version without injury. The synthesized images can effectively support brain parcellation tasks and lay the foundation for the subsequent brain network construction work. Specifically, the novelty of the inpainting method is that it can utilize the symmetric properties of the brain structure to ensure the quality of the synthesized results. Experiments show that the proposed brain abnormality inpainting method can effectively aid the brain network construction, and improve the CRS-R score estimation which represents the patient’s consciousness states. Furthermore, the brain network analysis based on our enhanced brain parcellation method has demonstrated potential imaging biomarkers for better interpreting and understanding the recovery of consciousness in patients with secondary hydrocephalus.
Azaphilones produced by Penicillium maximae with their cell death-inducing activity on Adriamycin-treated cancer cell
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Ohnishi Erika , Kitagawa Takahiro , Okayama Masaya , Saito Youhei , Yoshikawa Hayato , Ohta Tomoe , Yoshida Tatsusada , Nakayama Yuji , Watanabe Tetsushi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are overexpressed in several tumors and contribute to cell proliferation, metastasis, and anticancer drug resistance. Therefore, Hsp inhibitors have enhanced cytotoxicity as chemotherapeutic agents and may be effective with a reduced dosage for tumor therapy to avoid side effects.

Results
Four new azaphilones, maximazaphilones I–IV (1–4), and three known compounds (5–7) have been isolated from the airborne-derived fungus Penicillium maximae. Inhibitory effects of isolated compounds against induction of Hsp105 were evaluated by the luciferase assay system using Hsp105 promoter. In this assay, 2–4, 6, and 7 significantly inhibited hsp105 promoter activity without cytotoxicity. In addition, all isolated compounds except for 5 significantly induced the death of Adriamycin (ADR)-treated HeLa cells. Interestingly, 1–4, 6, and 7 didn’t show anti-proliferative and cell death-inducing activity without ADR.

Conclusion
This study revealed the chemical structures of maximazaphilones I–IV (1–4) and the potency of azaphilones may be useful for cancer treatment and reducing the dose of anticancer agents. In addition, one of the mechanisms of cell death-inducing activity for 2–4, 6, and 7 was suggested to be inhibitory effects of Hsp105 expression.
Ultradeep fractured-vuggy reservoir characteristic identification based on well data constrained seismic linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Li Xiangwen , Li Jingye , Li Lei , Zhang Gulan , Xu Chen , Zhan Shifan , Dan Guangjian , Liu Yonglei , Zhang Yintao 
Published: January 2023

A great number of high-quality fractured-vuggy reservoirs (FVRs) are buried in the ultradeep carbonate strata in the Tarim Basin, Western China. Drilling confirms that some FVRs with strong beaded reflections are partially or completely filled with solids, resulting in oil and gas exploration failures. In this paper, we propose a well data (the drilling information and the well-logging data) constrained seismic waveform component decomposition and reconstruction method for ultradeep FVR characteristic identification (WSFI). WSFI contains the well data (the drilling information and the well-logging data) constrained seismic waveform component linear discriminant analysis and reconstruction and seismic attribute (i.e., root-mean-square amplitude)-based FVR characteristic identification. A forward-modeling example indicates that WSFI can effectively identify the FVR characteristics. Field data example in the ZG block in the Tarim Basin demonstrates that WSFI can be widely used for FVR characteristic identification.
Preoperative Chemotherapy for Operable Colon Cancer: Mature Results of an International Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Morton Dion , Seymour Matthew , Magill Laura , Handley Kelly , Glasbey James , Glimelius Bengt , Palmer Andy , Seligmann Jenny , Laurberg Søren , Murakami Keigo , West Nick , Quirke Philip , Gray Richard ,   on behalf of the FOxTROT Collaborative Group
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has potential advantages over standard postoperative chemotherapy for locally advanced colon cancer but requires formal evaluation. METHODS Patients with radiologically staged T3-4, N0-2, M0 colon cancer were randomly allocated (2:1) to 6 weeks oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine preoperatively plus 18 postoperatively (NAC group) or 24 weeks postoperatively (control group). Patients with RAS-wildtype tumors could also be randomly assigned 1:1 to receive panitumumab or not during NAC. The primary end point was residual disease or recurrence within 2 years. Secondary outcomes included surgical morbidity, histopathologic stage, regression grade, completeness of resection, and cause-specific mortality. Log-rank analyses were by intention-to-treat. RESULTS Of 699 patients allocated to NAC, 674 (96%) started and 606 (87%) completed NAC. In total, 686 of 699 (98.1%) NAC patients and 351 of 354 (99.2%) control patients underwent surgery. Thirty patients (4.3%) allocated to NAC developed obstructive symptoms requiring expedited surgery, but there were fewer serious postoperative complications with NAC than with control. NAC produced marked T and N downstaging and histologic tumor regression (all P < .001). Resection was more often histopathologically complete: 94% (648/686) versus 89% (311/351), P < .001. Fewer NAC than control patients had residual or recurrent disease within 2 years (16.9% [118/699] v 21.5% [76/354]; rate ratio, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54 to 0.98]; P = .037). Tumor regression correlated strongly with freedom from recurrence. Panitumumab did not enhance the benefit from NAC. Little benefit from NAC was seen in mismatch repair–deficient tumors. CONCLUSION Six weeks of preoperative oxaliplatin-fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy for operable colon cancer can be delivered safely, without increasing perioperative morbidity. This chemotherapy regimen, when given preoperatively, produces marked histopathologic down-staging, fewer incomplete resections, and better 2-year disease control. Histologic regression after NAC is a strong predictor of lower postoperative recurrence risk so has potential use as a guide for postoperative therapy. Six weeks of NAC should be considered as a treatment option for locally advanced colon cancer.
Impact of an Accelerated Diagnostic Assessment Program on the Timeliness of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Bourkas Adrienn N. , Menard Alexandre , Tarulli Emidio , Jodoin Leah , Biagi James J. 
Published: January 2023

PURPOSE: The Accelerated Diagnostic Assessment Program (ADAP) manages patients with imaging abnormalities, with or without concomitant symptoms, where cancer is suspected. The ADAP is offered to primary care practitioners and emergency departments with cases triaged by a medical oncologist. METHODS: We performed a retrospective patient chart review of electronic medical records from January 2019 until June 2021 to validate the program. We collected information on the referral pathways, patient demographics, wait-times, and diagnostic results. The control group consisted of outpatients who were referred for biopsy over a 1-year period outside the ADAP stream. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS software. RESULTS: Of the 97 patients included, 54% were female, with ages ranging from 18 to 96 years. Twenty-nine percent (n = 20) of the malignant cases were incidental findings. Most patients referred to the ADAP were diagnosed with a malignancy (71%; n = 69), comprising hematologic (45%; n = 31), GI (26%; n = 18), or other cancers (29%; n = 20). The ADAP had decreased wait-times from referral to biopsy collection (17.6 days ± 10.7 [standard deviation (SD)]; n = 43) when compared with the control group (41.2 days ± 40.0 [SD]; n = 67; P < .001). ADAP patients with malignancies saw a treating specialist 7.6 ± 7.6 days [SD] after their follow-up appointment at the ADAP. CONCLUSION: The ADAP accelerated time to biopsy in a statistically significant manner when compared with age-, referring physician–, and biopsy site–matched controls. It also outperformed national and provincial standards, suggesting that its model addresses a gap in care by providing an underserved population timely access to diagnosis and treatment.
Nomogram for Predicting Intraoperative Hemodynamic Instability in Patients With Normotensive Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Liu Yingshu , Liu Chao , Wang Yao , Li Shen , Li Xinyu , Liu Xuhan , Wang Bing , Pei Zuowei , Li Linfeng , Lin Lu , Qu Jianchang , Chen Kang , Zang Li , Gu Weijun , Mu Yiming , Lyu Zhaohui , Dou Jingtao , Gao Zhengnan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractContextIntraoperative hemodynamic instability (HI) deteriorates surgical outcomes of patients with normotensive pheochromocytoma (NP).ObjectiveTo characterize the hemodynamics of NP and develop and externally validate a prediction model for intraoperative HI.MethodsData on 117 patients with NP (derivation cohort) and 40 patients with normotensive adrenal myelolipoma (NAM) who underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy from January 2011 to November 2021 were retrospectively collected. Data on 22 patients with NP (independent validation cohort) were collected from another hospital during the same period. The hemodynamic characteristics of patients with NP and NAM were compared. Machine learning models were used to identify risk factors associated with HI. The final model was visualized via a nomogram.ResultsForty-eight (41%) out of 117 patients experienced HI, which was significantly more than that for NAM. A multivariate logistic regression including age, tumor size, fasting plasma glucose, and preoperative systolic blood pressure showed good discrimination measured by area under curve (0.8286; 95% CI 0.6875-0.9696 and 0.7667; 95% CI 0.5386-0.9947) for predicting HI in internal and independent validation cohorts, respectively. The sensitivities and positive predictive values were 0.6667 and 0.7692 for the internal and 0.9167 and 0.6111 for the independent validations, respectively. The final model was visualized via a nomogram and yielded net benefits across a wide range of risk thresholds in decision curve analysis.ConclusionPatients with NP experienced HI during laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The nomogram can be used for individualized prediction of intraoperative HI in patients with NP.
Endocrine Responses to Triptorelin in Healthy Women, Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Women With Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
Authors: Abbara Ali , Phylactou Maria , Eng Pei Chia , Clarke Sophie A , Pham Toan D , Ho Tuong M , Ng Kah Yan , Mills Edouard G , Purugganan Kate , Hunjan Tia , Salim Rehan , Comninos Alexander N , Vuong Lan N , Dhillo Waljit S 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Context
Limited data exist regarding whether the endocrine response to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist (GnRHa) triptorelin differs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with healthy women or those with hypothalamic amenorrhea (HA).

Objective
We compared the gonadotropin response to triptorelin in healthy women, women with PCOS, or those with HA without ovarian stimulation, and in women with or without polycystic ovaries undergoing oocyte donation cycles after ovarian stimulation.

Methods
The change in serum gonadotropin levels was determined in (1) a prospective single-blinded placebo-controlled study to determine the endocrine profile of triptorelin (0.2 mg) or saline-placebo in healthy women, women with PCOS, and those with HA, without ovarian stimulation; and (2) a retrospective analysis from a dose-finding randomized controlled trial of triptorelin (0.2-0.4 mg) in oocyte donation cycles after ovarian stimulation.

Results
In Study 1, triptorelin induced an increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) of similar amplitude in all women (mean peak LH: healthy, 52.3; PCOS, 46.2; HA, 41.3 IU/L). The AUC of change in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was attenuated in women with PCOS compared with healthy women and women with HA (median AUC of change in serum FSH: PCOS, 127.2; healthy, 253.8; HA, 326.7 IU.h/L; P = 0.0005). In Study 2, FSH levels 4 hours after triptorelin were reduced in women with at least one polycystic morphology ovary (n = 60) vs normal morphology ovaries (n = 91) (34.0 vs 42.3 IU/L; P = 0.0003). Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was negatively associated with the increase in FSH after triptorelin, both with and without ovarian stimulation.

Conclusion
FSH response to triptorelin was attenuated in women with polycystic ovaries, both with and without ovarian stimulation, and was negatively related to AMH levels.
Factors Predicting Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Microvascular Decompressions: A Case Series of 1011 Patients
Authors: Xu Risheng , So Raymond J. , Materi Joshua , Nair Sumil K. , Alomari Safwan O. , Huang Judy , Lim Michael , Bettegowda Chetan 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Microvascular decompression (MVD) using a retrosigmoid approach is a highly effective, open-surgical procedure for neurovascular conflict in the posterior fossa, although there is a risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

OBJECTIVE:
To identify factors associated with postoperative CSF leakage after MVD.

METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent MVDs at our institution from 2007 to 2020. Patient demographics, clinical diagnoses, and procedural characteristics were recorded and compared. Factors leading to CSF leak were analyzed using χ2, univariate, and multivariate regression.

RESULTS:
Of 1011 patients who underwent MVDs, 37 (3.7%) presented with postoperative CSF leaks. In univariate analysis, the use of Cranios/Norian to obliterate the air cells was protective against CSF leak (P = .01). Craniotomies (P = .002), the use of dural substitutes such as Durepair (P = .04), dural onlays such as DuraGen (P = .04), muscle/fascia (P = .03), and titanium mesh cranioplasty >5 cm (P = .03) were associated with CSF leak. On multivariate analysis, only the presence of craniotomies (P = .04) and nonprimary dural closure (P = .03) were significant risk factors for CSF leak. When excluding the 34 (3.4%) patients who underwent a craniotomy, the lack of primary dural closure still remained significantly associated with postoperative CSF leak (P = .04).

CONCLUSION:
Our results represent one of the largest series of posterior fossa surgeries for a uniform indication in North America. Our study demonstrates increased risk for postoperative CSF leak when craniotomies are performed and when primary dural closure is not established. Given the small sample of patients who received a craniotomy, however, future studies corroborating this finding should be performed.
Distinct role of ERp57 and ERdj5 as a disulfide isomerase and reductase during ER protein folding
Authors: Robinson Philip John , Pringle Marie Anne , Fleming Bethany , Bulleid Neil John 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Proteins entering the secretory pathway need to attain native disulfide pairings to fold correctly. For proteins with complex disulfides, this process requires the reduction and isomerisation of non-native disulfides. Two key members of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family, ERp57 and ERdj5 (also known as PDIA3 and DNAJC10, respectively), are thought to be required for correct disulfide formation but it is unknown whether they act as a reductase, an isomerase or both. In addition, it is unclear how reducing equivalents are channelled through PDI family members to substrate proteins. Here, we show that neither enzyme is required for disulfide formation, but ERp57 is required for isomerisation of non-native disulfides within glycoproteins. In addition, alternative PDIs compensate for the absence of ERp57 to isomerise glycoprotein disulfides, but only in the presence of a robust reductive pathway. ERdj5 is required for this alternative pathway to function efficiently indicating its role as a reductase. Our results define the essential cellular functions of two PDIs, highlighting a distinction between formation, reduction and isomerisation of disulfide bonds.
Active and passive mechanics for rugose terrain traversal in centipedes
Authors: Diaz Kelimar , Erickson Eva , Chong Baxi , Soto Daniel , Goldman Daniel I. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Centipedes coordinate body and limb flexion to generate propulsion. On flat, solid surfaces, the limb-stepping patterns can be characterized according to the direction in which limb-aggregates propagate, opposite to (retrograde) or with the direction of motion (direct). It is unknown how limb and body dynamics are modified in terrain with terradynamic complexity more representative of these animal's natural heterogeneous environments. Here, we investigated how centipedes that use retrograde and direct limb-stepping patterns, Scolopendra polymorpha and Scolopocryptops sexspinosus, respectively, coordinate their body and limbs to navigate laboratory environments which present footstep challenges and terrain rugosity. We recorded the kinematics and measured the locomotive performance of these animals traversing two rugose terrains with randomly distributed step heights and compared the kinematics with those on a flat frictional surface. Scolopendra polymorpha exhibited similar body and limb dynamics across all terrains and a decrease in speed with increased terrain rugosity. Unexpectedly, when placed in a rugose terrain, S. sexspinosus changed the direction of the limb-stepping pattern from direct to retrograde. Further, for both species, traversal of these rugose terrains was facilitated by hypothesized passive mechanics: upon horizontal collision of a limb with a block, the limb bent and later continued the stepping pattern. Although centipedes have many degrees of freedom, our results suggest these animals negotiate limb–substrate interactions and navigate complex terrains leveraging the innate flexibility of their limbs to simplify control.
High carbohydrate consumption increases lipid storage and promotes migratory flight in locusts
Authors: Talal Stav , Parmar Shivam , Osgood Geoffrey M. , Harrison Jon F. , Cease Arianne J. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Migration allows animals to track favorable environments and avoid harmful conditions. However, migration is energetically costly, so migrating animals must prepare themselves by increasing their energy stores. Despite the importance of locust migratory swarms, we still understand little about the physiology of locust migration. During long-distance flight, locusts rely on lipid oxidation, despite the fact that lipids are relatively rare in their leaf-based diets. Therefore, locusts and other insect herbivores synthesize and store lipid from ingested carbohydrates, which are also important for initial flight. These data suggest that diets high in carbohydrate should increase lipid stores and the capacity for migratory flight in locusts. As predicted, locust lipid stores and flight performance increased with an increase in the relative carbohydrate content in their food. However, locust flight termination was not associated with complete lipid depletion. We propose potential testable mechanisms that might explain how macronutrient consumption can affect flight endurance.
Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Diseased Chickens in Egypt
Authors: Bedier ET , Labib SR , Ahmed AM 
Published: January 2023

In this study, the prevalence of Pasteurella multocida in diseased chickens, capsular genotyping, antimicrobial resistance patterns and some resistance genes were determined. Lungs, liver and spleen samples were collected from 250 diseased chickens from layers and broiler flocks from El-Gharbia and Kafr El-Sheikh governorates in Egypt for isolation of P. multocida in the period from June 2018 to December 2019. Confirmatory identification was done by using PCR for capsular type A antigen. P. multocida was isolated from 3.6 % of the diseased chicken. Six isolates of P. multocida that examined for detection of capsular type A showed positive results. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were evaluated for all isolates against twenty antimicrobial agents and the results showed 100% resistance totrimethoprim/sulfamethazole, oxacillin and nitrofurantion. Also, strains expressed highly resistant to penicillin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and ampicillin \sulbactam, while they were sensitive to norfloxacin, clindamycin, cephalexin and cefotaxime. The antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by using PCR and the results showed that all isolates harbored β-lactam-resistantgene BlaROB-1 (100%), followed by sulfonamide resistant gene sul1 (50%), tetracycline-resistant gene tetH (33.3%) and trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase dfrA (16.6%).