bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody enhanced HPLC for serotype-specific quantitation of polysaccharides in pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
Authors: Deng James Z. , Kuster Nathan , Drumheller Ashley , Lin Mingxiang , Ansbro Frances , Grozdanovic Milica , Samuel Rachelle , Zhuang Ping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBacterial infection remains as one of the major healthcare issues, despite significant scientific and medical progress in this field. Infection by Streptococcus Pneumoniae (S. Pneumoniae) can cause pneumonia and other serious infectious diseases, such as bacteremia, sinusitis and meningitis. The pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (CPS) that constitute the outermost layer of the bacterial cell are the main immunogens and protect the pathogen from host defense mechanisms. Over 90 pneumococcal CPS serotypes have been identified, among which more than 30 can cause invasive pneumococcal diseases that could lead to morbidity and mortality. Multivalent pneumococcal vaccines have been developed to prevent diseases caused by S. Pneumoniae. These vaccines employ either purified pneumococcal CPSs or protein conjugates of these CPSs to generate antigen-specific immune responses for patient protection. Serotype-specific quantitation of these polysaccharides (Ps) antigen species are required for vaccine clinical dosage, product release and quality control. Herein, we have developed an antibody-enhanced high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for serotype-specific quantitation of the polysaccharide contents in multivalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). A fluorescence-labeled multiplex assay format has also been developed. This work laid the foundation for a serotype-specific antigen assay format that could play an important role for future vaccine research and development.
Colitis in a transgenic mouse model of autoimmune uveitis may be induced by neoantigen presentation in the bowel
Authors: Mölzer C. , Liu Y.-H. , Muckersie E. , Klaska I. P. , Cornall R. , Wilson H. M. , Kuffová L. , Forrester J. V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUndifferentiated uveitis (intraocular inflammation, IOI) is an idiopathic sight-threatening, presumed autoimmune disease, accountable for ~ 10% of all blindness in the developed world. We have investigated the association of uveitis with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using a mouse model of spontaneous experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU). Mice expressing the transgene (Tg) hen egg lysozyme (HEL) in the retina crossed with 3A9 mice expressing a transgenic HEL-specific TCR spontaneously develop uveoretinitis at post-partum day (P)20/21. Double transgenic (dTg TCR/HEL) mice also spontaneously develop clinical signs of colitis at ~ P30 with diarrhoea, bowel shortening, oedema and lamina propria (LP) inflammatory cell infiltration. Single (s)Tg TCR (3A9) mice also show increased histological LP cell infiltration but no bowel shortening and diarrhoea. dTg TCR/HEL mice are profoundly lymphopenic at weaning. In addition, dTg TCR/HEL mice contain myeloid cells which express MHC Class II-HEL peptide complexes (MHCII-HEL), not only in the inflamed retina but also in the colon and have the potential for antigen presentation. In this model the lymphopenia and reduction in the absolute Treg numbers in dTg TCR/HEL mice is sufficient to initiate eye disease. We suggest that cell-associated antigen released from the inflamed eye can activate colonic HEL-specific T cells which, in a microbial micro-environment, not only cause colitis but feedback to amplify IOI.
Reduced intradisc vessel density is associated with optic disc hemorrhage in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Lee Jin Yeong , Sung Kyung Rim , Shin Joong Won , Kim Ko Eun , Kim Joon Mo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe sought to investigate the association between optic nerve head (ONH)/choroidal microvasculature perfusion and optic disc hemorrhage (ODH) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). A total of 266 POAG eyes (59 with a single instance of ODH, 40 with a history of recurrent ODH, and 167 eyes without ODH) with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years were included. Intradisc vessel density (VD), parapapillary choroidal VD, optic disc microvascular dropout (MvD), and choroidal microvascular dropout (CMvD), were evaluated on a 3 × 3 mm SS-OCTA image of ONH and compared between eyes with and without ODH. Recurrent ODH was defined as occurrence 1 year after first ODH detection during the total follow-up period. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate factors associated with ODH. The prevalence of CMvD, optic disc MvD, and β-parapapillary atrophy were not different among the no ODH, single ODH, and recurrent ODH groups. Eyes with ODH had lower intradisc VDs than those without ODH (P = 0.021), but no difference was found in intradisc VDs between the single and recurrent ODH groups (P = 0.977). Better VF MD at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 1.150; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.055–1.254; P = 0.002) and lower intradisc VD (OR, 0.863; 95% CI, 0.812–0.918; P < 0.001) were associated with ODH occurrence. Among POAG eyes, those with ODH had lower intradisc VDs than those without ODH. POAG eyes in an earlier disease stage or those with lower intradisc VDs should be monitored for the possibility of ODH occurrence.
Role of Ca2+ doping on the enhancement of dielectric properties of Sr2–xCaxNiWO6 for energy storage device application
Authors: Mohamed Saadon Nur Amira Farhana , Taib Nurul Izza , Loy Chee Wah , Mohamed Zakiah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, Sr2–xCaxNiWO6 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized using a solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, optical and dielectric properties of the compounds were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive (EDX) analysis, Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy respectively. The Rietveld refinement of XRD confirmed that the compounds crystallized in a tetragonal structure with a space group I4/m. According to the SEM images, the grain sizes of the compounds decreased as the dopant increased. The UV–vis analysis revealed that the band gap energy of the compounds decreased from 3.17 eV to 3.13 eV as the amount of doping increased from x = 0.00 to x = 0.06. A dielectric characterization showed that the dielectric constant (ε′) and dielectric loss (tan δ) for all compounds possessed a similar trend where it was higher in low-frequency area (~ 1 Hz) and dropped instantaneously with the enhancement of frequency up to 1 MHz until it reached constant values.
Saving energy in turbulent flows with unsteady pumping
Authors: Foggi Rota Giulio , Monti Alessandro , Rosti Marco E. , Quadrio Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractViscous dissipation causes significant energy losses in fluid flows; in ducts, laminar flows provide the minimum resistance to the motion, whereas turbulence substantially increases the friction at the wall and the consequent energy requirements for pumping. Great effort is currently being devoted to find new strategies to reduce the energy losses induced by turbulence. Here we propose a simple and novel drag-reduction technique which achieves substantial energy savings in internal flows. Our approach consists in driving the flow with a temporally intermittent pumping, unlike the common practice of a constant pumping. We alternate “pump on” phases where the flow accelerates, and “pump off” phases where the flow decays freely. The flow cyclically enters a quasi-laminar state during the acceleration, and transitions to a more classic turbulent state during the deceleration. Our numerical results demonstrate that important energy savings can be achieved by simply modulating the power injection into the system over time. The physical understanding of this process can help the industry in reducing the waste of energy, creating economical benefits and preserving the environment by reducing harmful emissions.
Kinetics and magnitude of viral RNA shedding as indicators for Influenza A virus transmissibility in ferrets
Authors: Pulit-Penaloza Joanna A. , Brock Nicole , Belser Jessica A. , Sun Xiangjie , Pappas Claudia , Tumpey Terrence M. , Maines Taronna R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ferret transmission model is routinely used to evaluate the pandemic potential of newly emerging influenza A viruses. However, concurrent measurement of viral load in the air is typically not a component of such studies. To address this knowledge gap, we measured the levels of virus in ferret nasal washes as well as viral RNA emitted into the air for 14 diverse influenza viruses, encompassing human-, swine-, and avian-origin strains. Here we show that transmissible viruses display robust replication and fast release into the air. In contrast, poorly- and non-transmissible viruses show significantly reduced or delayed replication along with lower detection of airborne viral RNA at early time points post inoculation. These findings indicate that efficient ferret-to-ferret transmission via the air is directly associated with fast emission of virus-laden particles; as such, quantification of viral RNA in the air represents a useful addition to established assessments of new influenza virus strains.
The metazoan landscape of mitochondrial DNA gene order and content is shaped by selection and affects mitochondrial transcription
Authors: Shtolz Noam , Mishmar Dan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) harbors essential genes in most metazoans, yet the regulatory impact of the multiple evolutionary mtDNA rearrangements has been overlooked. Here, by analyzing mtDNAs from ~8000 metazoans we found high gene content conservation (especially of protein and rRNA genes), and codon preferences for mtDNA-encoded tRNAs across most metazoans. In contrast, mtDNA gene order (MGO) was selectively constrained within but not between phyla, yet certain gene stretches (ATP8-ATP6, ND4-ND4L) were highly conserved across metazoans. Since certain metazoans with different MGOs diverge in mtDNA transcription, we hypothesized that evolutionary mtDNA rearrangements affected mtDNA transcriptional patterns. As a first step to test this hypothesis, we analyzed available RNA-seq data from 53 metazoans. Since polycistron mtDNA transcripts constitute a small fraction of the steady-state RNA, we enriched for polycistronic boundaries by calculating RNA-seq read densities across junctions between gene couples encoded either by the same strand (SSJ) or by different strands (DSJ). We found that organisms whose mtDNA is organized in alternating reverse-strand/forward-strand gene blocks (mostly arthropods), displayed significantly reduced DSJ read counts, in contrast to organisms whose mtDNA genes are preferentially encoded by one strand (all chordates). Our findings suggest that mtDNA rearrangements are selectively constrained and likely impact mtDNA regulation.
Impact of meltwater flow intensity on the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microbial mats in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Zoumplis A , Kolody B , Kaul D , Zheng H , Venepally P , McKnight D M , Takacs-Vesbach C , DeVries A , Allen A E 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys are hot spots of biological diversity in the climate-sensitive polar desert landscape. Microbial mats, largely comprised of cyanobacteria, dominate the streams which flow for a brief window of time (~10 weeks) over the austral summer. These communities, critical to nutrient and carbon cycling, display previously uncharacterized patterns of rapid destabilization and recovery upon exposure to variable and physiologically detrimental conditions. Here, we characterize changes in biodiversity, transcriptional responses and activity of microbial mats in response to hydrological disturbance over spatiotemporal gradients. While diverse metabolic strategies persist between marginal mats and main channel mats, data collected from 4 time points during the austral summer revealed a homogenization of the mat communities during the mid-season peak meltwater flow, directly influencing the biogeochemical roles of this stream ecosystem. Gene expression pattern analyses identified strong functional sensitivities of nitrogen-fixing marginal mats to changes in hydrological activities. Stress response markers detailed the environmental challenges of each microhabitat and the molecular mechanisms underpinning survival in a polar desert ecosystem at the forefront of climate change. At mid and end points in the flow cycle, mobile genetic elements were upregulated across all mat types indicating high degrees of genome evolvability and transcriptional synchronies. Additionally, we identified novel antifreeze activity in the stream microbial mats indicating the presence of ice-binding proteins (IBPs). Cumulatively, these data provide a new view of active intra-stream diversity, biotic interactions and alterations in ecosystem function over a high-flow hydrological regime.
Bacterial transcriptional response to labile exometabolites from photosynthetic picoeukaryote Micromonas commoda
Authors: Ferrer-González Frank X , Hamilton Maria , Smith Christa B , Schreier Jeremy E , Olofsson Malin , Moran Mary Ann 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Dissolved primary production released into seawater by marine phytoplankton is a major source of carbon fueling heterotrophic bacterial production in the ocean. The composition of the organic compounds released by healthy phytoplankton is poorly known and difficult to assess with existing chemical methods. Here, expression of transporter and catabolic genes by three model marine bacteria (Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, Stenotrophomonas sp. SKA14, and Polaribacter dokdonensis MED152) was used as a biological sensor of metabolites released from the picoeukaryote Micromonas commoda RCC299. Bacterial expression responses indicated that the three species together recognized 38 picoeukaryote metabolites. This was consistent with the Micromonas expression of genes for starch metabolism and synthesis of peptidoglycan-like intermediates. A comparison of the hypothesized Micromonas exometabolite pool with that of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP1335, analyzed previously with the same biological sensor method, indicated that both phytoplankton released organic acids, nucleosides, and amino acids, but differed in polysaccharide and organic nitrogen release. Future ocean conditions are expected to favor picoeukaryotic phytoplankton over larger-celled microphytoplankton. Results from this study suggest that such a shift could alter the substrate pool available to heterotrophic bacterioplankton.
Medikamentöse Therapiemaßnahmen bei akuter SARS-CoV-2-Infektion: wer, wann und was?
Authors: Sensen Barbara , Wichmann Dominic , Kluge Stefan 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungMittlerweile gibt es eine Vielzahl von medikamentösen Therapieoptionen zur Behandlung einer akuten SARS-CoV-2-Infektion. Die aktualisierte S3-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur stationären Therapie von Patienten mit COVID-19“ gibt dazu klare Empfehlungen. Welche Therapie für welchen Patienten und in welcher Krankheitsphase am besten geeignet ist, muss individuell anhand der Risikofaktoren, der Komorbiditäten und der Kontraindikationen entschieden werden. Hierüber geben wir in diesem Beitrag einen Überblick.
Contemporary Management of Acromegaly: A Practical Approach
Authors: Almalki Mussa H. , Ahmad Maswood M. , Alqahtani Ali , Almistehi Wael M. , Ekhzaimy Aishah , Asha Mohammed J. , Aldahmani Khaled M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcromegaly is a rare, chronic disease that is, in more than 95% of cases, caused by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma. Overproduction of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) due to GH hypersecretion leads to various clinical features characterized by somatic overgrowth, physical changes, multiple comorbidities, and increased mortality. The average age at diagnosis is 40 to 50 years, with no sex predilection. The mean delay in diagnosis is 4.5 to 5 years due to the insidious onset and slow clinical progression of the disease. The diagnosis is confirmed by increased levels of IGF-1 and insuppressible GH measured by an oral glucose tolerance test. Treatment is aimed at normalizing GH/IGF-1 levels and controlling tumor volume. Medical treatment and radiotherapy can be utilized when surgery fails to control GH/IGF-1 hypersecretion. This article aims to review recent updates in acromegaly diagnosis and treatment to raise awareness about acromegaly clinical presentation and management.
The Giant of Tripoli: The Case of Late Recognition and Management of an Extreme Acromegalic Gigantism in Resource-Poor Settings
Authors: Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background There are a few studies from the Middle East and North Africa. Several notable cases of acromegaly and giantism in the west found their way to public life and media.
Case History One of the cases is discussed in this article. The case lived between 1943 and 1991. He was one of few individuals in medical history to reach or surpass 8 feet in height. In the 1960s, he reportedly underwent repeated (perhaps 4) pituitary surgery at 17 in Rome, Italy, to halt his growth. A few photos and one short video clip in Italian demonstrate his physical features. He was one of the tallest basketball players ever at 245 cm, though when he featured as a basketball player, he was closer to 239 cm and played for Libya. He was a medical anomaly and the eighteenth tallest person in the history of the world. He was also credited with being the tallest actor in history by appearing in a single Italian fantasy drama movie in 1969. He died in 1991 due to heart disease.
Conclusion The case presented in this vignette is depicted in the public domain and is imprinted in the folk memory of the residents of Tripoli, Libya. However, due to its uniqueness, it deserves a place in the regional medical literature.
The fate of bitumen: an exploratory study of national newspaper coverage of Alberta’s bitumen industry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Chen Sibo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis exploratory study examines how three major Canadian newspapers—the Globe and Mail, the National Post, and the Toronto Star—reported on Alberta’s bitumen industry throughout 2020, when the COVID-19 pandemic introduced significant market volatility. Through a combination of computational text analysis and qualitative interpretation, the study identified four recurring themes in 685 articles published by the target newspapers: (1) contention over bitumen infrastructure, (2) economic challenges for the bitumen industry, (3) political divide over the future of bitumen, (4) the bitumen industry’s environmental impacts. A further qualitative assessment of these themes indicates that despite the pandemic’s exposure of the structural weaknesses underlying Canada’s resource-dependent economy, voices supporting the bitumen industry continue to dominate Canadian mainstream newspapers.
Construction and test of a transition-radiation detector prototype based on thick gas electron multiplier technology
Authors: Song Guofeng , Zhao Yiding , Shao Ming , Zhou Yi , Liu Jianbei , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A transition-radiation detector (TRD) is a powerful device for highly relativistic electron (γ ≳ 1,000) identification. Electron identification is crucial for tagging the outgoing scattered electrons in an electron-ion collider (EIC) detector. Employing a TRD at the electron forward region of an EIC detector can provide the necessary electron identification with high hadron rejection over a wide momentum range. Thick gas electron multiplier (THGEM) technology is suitable for radiation detection in modern high-energy experiments owing to its high-granularity structure, radiation hardness, high-rate capability and ease of large-area production. This study investigates a TRD prototype based on THGEM technology through soft X-ray and electron beam experiments. Geant4 simulation were extensively exploited to understand the operation of TRD prototype with different gas mixtures. Particularly, the performance of TRD prototype with an electron beam at the DESY, with argon-based gas rather than xenon-based gas, agreed well with the simulation analyses in all important aspects. Based on the consistency of the experimental and simulation results, a likelihood analysis on the simulated total energy deposit in the xenon-based working gas would suggest a pion rejection improvement with the optimization of detector design, readout electronics and identification algorithm.
Study on the effect of EAST divertor geometric accuracy on heat load distribution
Authors: Zhuang Qing , Cao Lei , Mou Nanyu , Lin Qianqian , Zhang Xiyang , Yang Xianke , Han Le , Zi Pengfei , Xu Tiejun , Yao Damao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In the EAST experiment, the extent of damages of the divertor is different in toroidal direction. One of the reasons is uneven of heat load of toroidal distribution, which may be caused by geometric errors of the divertor surface. The EAST lower divertor is cooled by 8 toroidal active water-cooling branches, and calorimetric system estimates the heat load and its distribution by measuring the cooling water temperature difference and flow rate. The non-uniformity of the heat load of 8 branches is -3.5% ∼ 4.5%. Besides, using the Leica AT960 / AT401 laser tracker to measure the profile deviation of the upgraded lower divertor, the non-uniformity of the geometric accuracy is -15% ∼ 25%. Besides, it's found that the annular heat load distribution is positively correlated with the comprehensive deviation of the divertor surface. The correlation coefficient is about 15%, and at least seven of the eight divertor regions meet this characteristic.
Why could ENSO directly affect the occurrence frequency of Arctic daily warming events after the late 1970s?
Authors: Wang Cen , Ren Baohua , Li Gen , Zheng Jianqiu , Jiang Linwei , Zhang Zhiyuan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Arctic winter daily warming events have sparked growing interest, particularly in recent years, when Arctic daily temperatures have approached melting point several times. This analysis reveals that the impact of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the frequency of Arctic daily warming events experienced an obvious change around the late 1970s, which may be attributed to changes in ENSO intensity. Since the late 1970s, due to stronger ENSO intensities, ENSO has induced a stronger Rossby wave; then, El Niño (La Niña) has deepened (weakened) the Aleutian Low and strengthened anomalous northerlies (southerlies) over the North Pacific, thereby decreasing (increasing) the frequency of Arctic daily warming events. In contrast, before the late 1970s, the ENSO did not have an apparent direct impact on the frequency of Arctic daily warming events due to its weaker intensity. Our findings provide a potential relationship between the equator and the Arctic to improve the prediction accuracy of extreme Arctic daily warming events. By analyzing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase-6 models, we confirm that the potential relation may be strengthened under the global warming scenario.