bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming descending input into behavior: The organization of premotor circuits in theDrosophilaMale Adult Nerve Cord connectome
Authors: Cheong H. S. J. , Eichler K. , Stürner T. , Asinof S. K. , Champion A. S. , Marin E. C. , Oram T. B. , Sumathipala M. , Venkatasubramanian L. , Namiki S. , Siwanowicz I. , Costa M. , Berg S. ,   Janelia FlyEM Project Team, Jefferis G. S. X. E. , Card G. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn most animals, a relatively small number of descending neurons (DNs) connect higher brain centers in the animal’s head to circuits and motor neurons (MNs) in the nerve cord of the animal’s body that effect movement of the limbs. To understand how brain signals generate behavior, it is critical to understand how these descending pathways are organized onto the body MNs. In the fly,Drosophila melanogaster, MNs controlling muscles in the leg, wing, and other motor systems reside in a ventral nerve cord (VNC), analogous to the mammalian spinal cord. In companion papers, we introduced a densely-reconstructed connectome of theDrosophilaMale Adult Nerve Cord (MANC, Takemura et al., 2023), including cell type and developmental lineage annotation (Marin et al., 2023), which provides complete VNC connectivity at synaptic resolution. Here, we present a first look at the organization of the VNC networks connecting DNs to MNs based on this new connectome information. We proofread and curated all DNs and MNs to ensure accuracy and reliability, then systematically matched DN axon terminals and MN dendrites with light microscopy data to link their VNC morphology with their brain inputs or muscle targets. We report both broad organizational patterns of the entire network and fine-scale analysis of selected circuits of interest. We discover that direct DN-MN connections are infrequent and identify communities of intrinsic neurons linked to control of different motor systems, including putative ventral circuits for walking, dorsal circuits for flight steering and power generation, and intermediate circuits in the lower tectulum for coordinated action of wings and legs. Our analysis generates hypotheses for future functional experiments and, together with the MANC connectome, empowers others to investigate these and other circuits of theDrosophilaventral nerve cord in richer mechanistic detail.
The Insertion Sequence Excision Enhancer (IEE): a PrimPol-based system for Immobilizing Transposon-Transmitted Antibiotic Resistance Genes?
Authors: Chandler Mick , Ross Karen , Varani Alessandro M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe provide an overview of a protein, IEE (Insertion Sequence Excision Enhancer), which was originally observed to facilitate high levels of excision of the IS3 family member, IS629, from clinically important Escherichia coli O157:H7. IEE was subsequently shown to affect a large class of bacterial insertion sequences which all transpose by producing a circular intermediate and presumably use the copy-out-paste-in transposition mechanism. Excision is dependent on both IEE and transposase indicating that it is associated with the transposition process itself. We propose that IEE serves to immobilize genes carried by compound transposons by removing the flanking IS copies, an activity which would explain the presence of certain of these genes without associated IS copies in plasmids and chromosomes. The biochemical activities of IEE as a primase with the capacity to recognize microhomologies, together with the observation that its effect appears to be restricted to those IS families which probably use the copy-out-paste-in transposition pathway, suggests a strand switch mechanism during the copy-out step leading to abortive transposition. This reinforces the proposal made for understanding the loss of the IS30family member, ISApl1, which flanks themcr-1 gene in the compound transposon Tn6330.
Characterization of GAPDH expression related to biotic stress responses in Physcomitrella
Authors: Miniera Alessandra A. , Hoernstein Sebastian N.W. , van Gessel Nico , Peeters Jens O. , Reski Ralf 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGlyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a housekeeping protein that plays an important role in the energy metabolism and is found in all kingdoms of life. While animals possess one GAPDH isoform, plants possess several GAPDHs. GAPA and GAPB are chloroplastic phosphorylating GAPDHs involved in the Calvin-Benson cycle. GAPC in the cytosol and GAPCp in plastids are glycolytic phosphorylating GAPDHs involved in the glycolysis pathway. In animals as well as in plants, GAPDH isoforms have various non-metabolic roles, e.g. in autophagy, apoptosis, and were identified as redox sensors. In plants, in addition to the variety of moonlight functions in abiotic stress, GAPDHs are also involved in biotic stress responses. Here, we identified 17 GAPDH isoforms from the moss Physcomitrella, belonging to theGAPA,GAPC,andGAPCp. We searched for protein and transcript evidences in publicly available proteome and transcriptome data, laying the focus on datasets of treatments with the phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). We investigated the putative role of GAPDHs in plant immune response by identifying SA- and MeJA-inducibleGAPAs andGAPCgenes. TheGAPAs Pp3c1_13170 and Pp3c11_15790 and theGAPCPp3c18_15450 appear to be unresponsive to SA treatment. In contrast, we identified four MeJA-responsive genes. MeJA-treatment resulted in a 10- and 3-fold downregulation of theGAPAs Pp3c1_13170 and Pp3c11_15790, whereas expression of the twoGAPCgenes Pp3c18_15450 and Pp3c21_9380 showed an up to 7- and 33-fold upregulation after 4 hours of MeJA treatment, respectively. Simultaneously, a four-hour MeJA-treatment induced the remodeling of the Physcomitrella secretome, resulting in the production of antimicrobial compounds, which in turn led to a bacteriostatic growth inhibition of 26% ofE. coli.These findings draw attention to the potential differential regulation of GAPDH genes in plant immune response as well as a potential role for GAPC in the defense response against necrotrophic pathogens.
Genomic regions of durum wheat involved in water productivity
Authors: Zaïm Meryem , Kehel Zakaria , Sanchez-Garcia Miguel , Belkadi Bouchra , Filali-Maltouf Abdelkarim , Al Abdallat Ayed , Bassi Filippo Maria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDurum wheat is a staple food of the Mediterranean Basin, mostly cultivated under rainfed conditions. As such, the crop is often exposed to moisture stress. Therefore, the identification of genetic factors controlling the capacity of genotypes to convert moisture into grain yield (i.e. water productivity) is quintessential to stabilize production despite climatic variations. A global panel of 384 accessions was tested across eighteen Mediterranean environments (Morocco, Lebanon, and Jordan) representing a vast range of moisture levels. The accessions were assigned to water responsiveness classes, with genotypes ‘Responsive to Low Moisture’ reaching an average + 1.5 kg ha-1mm-1advantage. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) revealed that six loci explained the majority of this variation. A second validation panel tested under moisture stress confirmed that carrying the positive allele at three loci on chromosomes 1B, 2A and 7B generated an average water productivity gain of + 2.2 kg ha-1mm-1. Interestingly, loci on chromosome 2A is novel. The three loci were tagged by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers, and these were used to screen a third independent validation panel composed by elites tested across moisture stressed sites. The three KASP combined predicted up to 34% of the variation for grain yield at 65% accuracy. These loci are now ready for molecular pyramiding and transfer across cultivars to improve the moisture conversion of durum wheat.HighlightLoci controlling drought tolerance were identified using a solid strategy, involving 3 different panels. Those loci associated enables higher water productivity and grain yield.
Why the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence? – the research of Chinese consumer xenocentrism: take electronics as an example
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Dongxin 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThe economy of China has developed rapidly, and its international status has quickly risen in the past 30 years. China is shifting from a major exporter into a major consumer, becoming an essential part of the international market. However, some global brands make wrong market decisions because of a lack of understanding of Eastern consumer culture.Design/methodology/approachBased on consumer xenocentrism, this paper helps global enterprises better understand Chinese consumers' psychology in foreign goods, which is conducive to the development of transnational trade. This study proposes a hypothesis model based on previous literature. The authors collected 300 questionnaires from China and tested the model by SPSS24 and AMOS24.FindingsThe findings show that curiosity and country of origin positively affect consumer xenocentrism, consumer xenocentrism has a positive impact on word-of-mouth and purchase intention, word-of-mouth plays a mediating role in xenocentrism and purchase intention and social comparison tendency plays a moderating role in consumer xenocentrism and purchase intention. Simultaneously, this paper develops a scale measuring consumer xenocentrism to provide some quantitative support for this research.Originality/valueThe authors propose some suggestions basing on the research of consumer xenocentrism and provide some further directions.
The fall of DHFL: hidden issues that everyone ignored
Authors: Sharma Dipasha , Singhi Sagar , Kosambia Dhaval 
Published: June 2023

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes are as follows: to be able to evaluate early warning signs/red flags through financial statement analysis; to be able to analyse company’s credit or debt servicing using a thorough process of fundamental analysis; to be able to analyse and decode the financial health of an organization through different financial tools applicable according to the industry such as default probability and financial ratios; and to be able to synthesize credit rating framework and role of credit rating agencies in the bond market.

Case overview/synopsis
In late January 2019, the allegation by an online investigative portal about the misuse of the Dewan Housing Finance Corporation Ltd. (DHFL) money by its promoter for buying asset abroad was the start of the fall of the non-banking finance company giant. This was followed by a series of downgrade by credit rating agencies on its debt and eventual default on its interest payment on 4 June 2019 which upset multiple portfolio investors and the regulators. Investors became sceptical about the regulator’s policy and inefficiencies of credit rating agencies in predicting the default along with asset management houses which were expected to guard investors’ interest. One investor, Shikhar Pachori, decided to scrutinize all hidden information on DHFL to investigate if DHFL crisis arises because of unknown factors which was not in control of management or if it a clear negligence on the part of all involved parties. The case tries to emphasize the aspect of Asset-Liability Management and process of credit analysis while looking for red flags which aids in identifying any stress in company’s financial or any potential default by company.

Complexity academic level
This case can be used in the advance level of post-graduate finance course or MBA program for elective/specialization courses such as Financial Statement Analysis, Financial Institutions and Market and Fixed Income.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance
A coupled domain–boundary type meshless method for phase-field modelling of dendritic solidification with the fluid flow
Authors: Dobravec Tadej , Mavrič Boštjan , Zahoor Rizwan , Šarler Božidar 
Published: June 2023

Purpose
This study aims to simulate the dendritic growth in Stokes flow by iteratively coupling a domain and boundary type meshless method.

Design/methodology/approach
A preconditioned phase-field model for dendritic solidification of a pure supercooled melt is solved by the strong-form space-time adaptive approach based on dynamic quadtree domain decomposition. The domain-type space discretisation relies on monomial augmented polyharmonic splines interpolation. The forward Euler scheme is used for time evolution. The boundary-type meshless method solves the Stokes flow around the dendrite based on the collocation of the moving and fixed flow boundaries with the regularised Stokes flow fundamental solution. Both approaches are iteratively coupled at the moving solid–liquid interface. The solution procedure ensures computationally efficient and accurate calculations. The novel approach is numerically implemented for a 2D case.

Findings
The solution procedure reflects the advantages of both meshless methods. Domain one is not sensitive to the dendrite orientation and boundary one reduces the dimensionality of the flow field solution. The procedure results agree well with the reference results obtained by the classical numerical methods. Directions for selecting the appropriate free parameters which yield the highest accuracy and computational efficiency are presented.

Originality/value
A combination of boundary- and domain-type meshless methods is used to simulate dendritic solidification with the influence of fluid flow efficiently.
Investigating water vapor retention of fabrics and their suitability for seat coverings
Authors: Nagano Kazuo , Lyu Shijia , Kakitsuba Naoshi 
Published: June 2023

PurposeWater vapor trapped in the boundary layer between a person and the clothing creates discomfort and other unpleasant sensations. When that water vapor is prevented from leaving the clothing by external vapor barriers or impermeable layers, those psychophysical states are further exacerbated. One situation where that can be problematic is in office workplaces, and the seats that workers use for many hours every day. This study aims to evaluate the impact of different fabrics that are used for seat cover on water vapor retention.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' method determines the behavior of contact surface humidity with a 50 kg sandbag on the seat to mimic the deformation of the seat materials due to the seated person's weight. Thus, the maximum increase in relative humidity (RH) after humidification of the seat surface (ΔRH-max), the time required to reach the maximum value of humidity (t-max) and the time constant (TC) after humidity starts to fall were derived.FindingsOf the three different seat covers tested, the ΔRH-max of the wool were 7.3–8.8%, compared to 27.0–29.0% of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), indicating more moisture absorption and transmission of the wool. The TC of the acrylic cover was 224–384 min compared to the 483–558 min of the PVC, which indicated a quick drying out feature of the acrylic.Originality/valueThe ΔRH-max, t-max and TC were all significantly correlated with the RH at the back thigh skin surface of the actual human participants.
The role of human resource management practices on the results of digitalisation. From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0
Authors: Erro-Garcés Amaya , Aramendia-Muneta Maria Elena 
Published: June 2023

PurposeThis article aims to analyse the impact of data analytics and robots on firms' performance across Europe.Design/methodology/approachThis paper aims to examine the impact of data analytics and robots on companies' performance, multilevel models are estimated. Empirical research is based on the fourth round of the European Company Survey 2019.FindingsThe main findings show that human resource management practices (HRMP) are relevant to explain firms' profits. Therefore, human resource practices and technology are complementary resources to achieve higher results. A positive and significant relation between profits and the use of data analytics to monitor employee performance was found. In addition, positive and significant relations between human resource practices and profitability were obtained.Practical implicationsFrom a practical perspective, this article helps to understand the role of technological and human factors in profitability, and it emphasises the relevance of human resource strategies and technology to accomplish business outcomes.Originality/valueThis study’s findings reinforce the concept of Industry 5.0 which highlights the role of humans in the digitalisation process.
Finland's NATO membership: Continuous shelter‐seeking strategy
Authors: Thorhallsson Baldur , Stude Vidal Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article offers a challenge, in the form of an illustrative case study, to the notion that Finland's NATO membership is a radical reversal in security policy. With the use of shelter theory, it examines how Finland (as a small state), beginning in the Cold War, has actively sought to achieve political, economic and societal shelter from Western organizations. However, due to geopolitical restraints, the country has at various times been unable to fully adopt preferred shelter arrangements, especially within the military security sphere. The analysis indicates that the institutionalisation of Finland's shelter strategy has often been a tedious, diplomatic quest to integrate with the West, contingent upon opportunistically taking advantage of external ‘critical junctures’ to solidify its own interests. The article posits that Finland's pursuit of Western economic and societal shelter during the Cold War transformed into further Western political shelter‐seeking in its aftermath and, finally, membership of NATO in 2023. The case of Finland indicates that shelter theory captures the foreign policy strategy of a small neutral/nonaligned state. Nevertheless, our specific case also indicates that the theory ought to take a closer look at four features regarding relations between small and large states, that is how an agressive neighbour can restrict a small state's foreign policy choices, how economic and societal shelter relations may precede political shelter relations (or vice versa), the role of critical junctures within shelter theory, and, finally, how a history of cooperation may be transitioned into full‐fledged shelter.
The effect of silicon on the antioxidant system of tomato seedlings exposed to individual and combined nitrogen and water deficit
Authors: Machado Joana , Fernandes Ana Patricia G. , Bokor Boris , Vaculík Marek , Heuvelink Ep , Carvalho Susana M. P. , Vasconcelos Marta W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExploring sustainable strategies for improving crop water and nitrogen use efficiency is essential. Silicon (Si) has been reported as a beneficial metalloid for plants since it alleviates several abiotic stresses (including drought) by triggering the plants' antioxidant system. However, its role in mitigating the negative impact of nitrogen (N) deficit alone or when combined with water (W) deficit is not well studied. This study applied 0 or 2 mM of Na₂SiO3 to 3‐week‐old tomato cv. Micro‐Tom seedlings that were grown under the following conditions: control (CTR; 100%N + 100% Field Capacity), N deficit (N; 50% N + 100% Field Capacity), water deficit (W; 100% N + 50% Field Capacity) or combined stress (N + W; 50% N + 50% Field Capacity). The Si effect on tomato plant growth depended on the type of stress. Si could only alleviate stress caused by N + W deficit resulting in a higher root dry weight (by 28%), total dry weight (by 23%) and root length (by 37%). Alongside this, there was an increase in the antioxidant (AOX) system activity with the root activity of ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymes being enhanced by 48% and by 263%, respectively. Si application also enhanced AOX enzyme activity when tomato plants were subjected to individual deficits but to a lesser extent. In conclusion, Si‐treated tomato plants could efficiently modulate their AOX networks in a situation of combined N and water limitation, thus mitigating some of the adverse effects of this combined stress.
Combined effect of ambient temperature and solar radiation on maned sloths' behaviour and detectability
Authors: Lopes Gabriel S. , Cassano Camila Righetto , Mureb Laila Santim , Miranda Flavia Regina , Cruz‐Neto Ariovaldo P. , Giné Gastón Andrés Fernandez 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChanges in ambient temperature and solar radiation may affect sloths' metabolic rate and body temperature, with consequent changes in activities, postures and microhabitat selection. Although the separate effect of temperature and solar radiation on sloth's behaviour have been previously studied, the combined effect of these climatic factors on behavioural aspects of sloths has never been systematically evaluated in field conditions. Here we evaluated the influence of hourly ambient temperature variation on maned sloth (Bradypus torquatus) activities, postures and tree crown positions, under sunny and cloudy conditions; and tested if any of the animal posture and position increase their exposure to human detection. We performed 350 h of visual observation on eight maned sloths, equipped with radio‐backpacks, in northern Bahia, Brazil, recording their activities, and their resting postures and positions on tree crowns. We also recorded the time taken to visualize the sloths on 58 days to analyse if sloths' detection is affected by posture and position. Higher ambient temperature, within a range of 21–33°C, increased the sloths' activity levels in cloudy conditions but reduced their activity in sunny conditions. Increasing ambient temperature also reduced the frequency of huddled posture and increased the frequency of extended posture and permanence in the inner tree crown. Lastly, the postures and positions did not influence sloths' detectability. Thus, the direction of the temperature–activity relationship depends on climatic conditions (sunny/cloudy), and individuals rely on resting postures and positions to thermoregulate. The warmer and drier future climate, expected to occur in the northern Atlantic Forest, may impose change in the diurnal activity levels and postural pattern for this threatened species, leading maned sloths to reduce its activity on sunny and warmer days and adopting an extended posture.
Prognostic modelling of number of patients with retinal vein occlusion in anti‐VEGF therapy
Authors: Subhi Yousif , Potapenko Ivan , Hajari Javad N. , la Cour Morten 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to evaluate temporal changes in age‐ and sex‐stratified incidence rates of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) commenced in anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (anti‐VEGF) treatment, proportion of patients remaining in active anti‐VEGF therapy over time, and to develop a forecasting model for future number of patients with RVO in active anti‐VEGF therapy.MethodsThis was a registry‐based study of patients with RVO in the Capital Region of Denmark from commenced in anti‐VEGF therapy from 1 January 2007 to 30 June 2022. Census data were extracted from Statistics Denmark for incidence rate analyses and forecasting data of future demographics.ResultsA total of 2641 patients with RVO were commenced in anti‐VEGF therapy, of which 2192 were later discontinued. Number of patients rose dramatically during the first years of introduction of anti‐VEGF therapy, after which growth was slower and followed the demographic changes. Trend analyses revealed that the COVID‐19 epidemics impacted with fewer referrals and more aggressive discontinuation practices. Annual incidence of RVO in 2012–2021 was 13.1 per 100 000 (95% CI: 12.6–13.6 per 100 000). Proportion of patients with RVO remaining in active anti‐VEGF treatment was 55.0%, 40.1%, 30.8% and 12.1% after Years 1, 2, 3 and 8, respectively. According to our forecast, number of patients with RVO in active anti‐VEGF therapy will grow slowly but continually at least until year 2035.ConclusionOur study reports incidence rates and provides prognostic modelling of number of patients with RVO in anti‐VEGF therapy.