bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medication Use and Adherence in Patients with Hypertension: A Prospective Study in Vietnam
Authors: Pham Suol T. , Dang Yen T. N. , Vo Thanh V. , Tran Hao Y. , Nguyen Thang 
Published: May 2023

Objective: to document patients’ antihypertensive agents, determine their medication adherence, and identify factors associated with the adherence. Material and Methods: A prospective study was performed on a group of hypertensive outpatients, with social health insurance, in Can Tho, Vietnam. The study included 330 patients over 18 years old, who agreed to participate and could listen, speak and answer questions in Vietnamese. The data collection method was based on prescriptions and patient interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Generalized Estimating Equations with Poisson-log linear distribution. Results: Among the drug use characteristics, 76.1% were prescribed beta-blockers, 91.5% polytherapy, and 63.0% changed drugs at the third follow-up visit. The percentage of patients who adhered to medication ranged from 70.0% to 91.2%. Factors that improved drug adherence included: the academic level at high school or higher (39.0% increase), living in urban areas (15.0% increase), having a job related to social interaction (11.2%), and having a family history of hypertension (9.0% increase). Factors that reduced adherence included: advanced age (22.0% decrease), prolonged disease duration (16.0% decrease), prolonged treatment duration (11.0% decrease), and changes in at least one type of antihypertensive drug (8.0% decrease). Conclusion: The highlight of this study is the demonstration of an inverse relationship between the adherence rate and the number of follow-up visits: the higher the number of visits, the lower the adherence rate. The 3rd follow-up adherence rate was 70.0%, and the decreased adherence rate is related to older age, higher education levels, and a longer duration of treatment.
Predicting Class Label Using Clustering-Classification Technique: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alshaibanee Aseel 
Published: May 2023

Among different techniques, algorithms and applications of Data Mining, predicting the class label of unlabeled objects(undefined class label) is a crucial term in the field. The most common approaches in this area is the use of classification technique (DT, Bayes, SVM, KNN and others) that represent what is known as supervised learning. However, in many cases no target class labels and the boundaries are available to perform the prediction, so the new approach Clustering-classification technique is used.
The work in this paper presents a survey of the most common researches conducted in this field and discuss their experiments, the algorithms they used, the types of data they utilized, the data sizes used, and the results they discovered.
According to the results, applying the clustering techniques before classification improved classification accuracy and reduced experiment execution time. The Cluster Classifier was proven to be a suitable approach to summarize data by some of the researchers. It achieves a summarization rate of over 50%, which represents a considerable reduction in the size of the test datasets..
The findings of the researches indicated that, in addition to feature selection and feature extraction, data preprocessing (handled missing data and effective outlier detection techniques) enhanced the classifier performance and accuracy while reducing the classification error.
Metastatic secondary gliosarcoma: patient series
Authors: Baisiwala Shivani , Ko Myungjun , Zubair Humza , Li Kevin , Vivas Andrew C. , Everson Richard , Liau Linda , Bari Ausaf , Patel Kunal S. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Gliosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant cancer of the central nervous system with the ability to metastasize. Secondary gliosarcoma, or the evolution of a spindle cell–predominant tumor after the diagnosis of a World Health Organization grade IV glioblastoma, has also been shown to metastasize. There is little information on metastatic secondary gliosarcoma.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors present a series of 7 patients with previously diagnosed glioblastoma presenting with recurrent tumor and associated metastases with repeat tissue diagnosis consistent with gliosarcoma. The authors describe the clinical, imaging, and pathological characteristics in addition to carrying out a systematic review on metastases in secondary gliosarcoma.

LESSONS
The present institutional series and the systematic review of the literature show that metastatic secondary gliosarcoma is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis.
Technical advantages of a novel flow diverter in complex flow diversion: patient series
Authors: Lei Catherine , Heskett Cody , Fry Lane , Brake Aaron , De Stefano Frank A. , Peterson Jeremy , Ebersole Koji 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
The Surpass Streamline flow diverter (SSFD) possesses 4 attributes that may offer an important advantage in the treatment of complex pathologies: (1) utilization of an over-the-wire (OTW) delivery system, (2) greater device length, (3) larger potential diameter, and (4) propensity to open in tortuosity.

OBSERVATIONS
Case 1 leveraged device diameter to embolize a large, recurrent vertebral artery aneurysm. Angiography at 1 year posttreatment showed complete occlusion with a patent SSFD. Case 2 leveraged device length and opening in tortuosity to manage a symptomatic 20-mm cavernous carotid aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging at 2 years demonstrated aneurysm thrombosis and patent stents. Case 3 utilized diameter, length, and the OTW delivery system to treat a giant intracranial aneurysm previously treated with surgical ligation and a high-flow bypass procedure. Angiography at 5 months postprocedure demonstrated the return of laminar flow, as the vein graft had healed around the stent construct. Case 4 used diameter, length, and the OTW system to treat a giant, symptomatic, dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar aneurysm. Twelve-month follow-up imaging revealed a patent stent construct with no change to the aneurysm size.

LESSONS
Increased awareness of the unique attributes of the SSFD may allow a larger number of cases to be treated with the proven mechanism of flow diversion.
MODERN MARKERS OF OSTEODYSMETABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Plaksa V.M. 
Published: May 2023

Osteoporosis is a prevalent systemic osteodysmetabolic disease affecting bone tissue, characterized by a loss of bone mass, microstructure disturbances, and an increased susceptibility to low-traumatic fractures. Global statistical data from 2019 indicate that 32 million people worldwide were diagnosed with osteoporosis, with 25.5 million being women and 6.5 million men. Hypoestrogeny, considered one of the key mechanisms in the development of osteometabolic syndrome, disrupts the RANK/RANKL/OTG signalling system by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-KB) or STAT-3. This activation triggers osteoclastogenesis and subsequently leads to the development of osteoporosis, which is a significant global health concern.
The aim of this study is to investigate the specific features of osteometabolic changes in bone tissue and assess the 10-year risks of osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures. An examination was conducted on 130 individuals (116 women and 14 men) with an average age of 55.3±15.4 years. The participants were further divided into three groups: Group I (main group, n=85), Group II (control group, n=31), and Group III (comparative group, n=14). Anthropometric parameters were evaluated, revealing deviations in body mass index (BMI) from the norm. The average BMI values were as follows: Group I - 27.2±5.2 kg/m2, Group II - 23.4±4.3 kg/m2, and Group III - 25.8±3.5 kg/m2 (p = 0.0013).
Estimating the 10-year probability of developing osteoporotic fractures using the FRAX model indicated a higher likelihood in the main group compared to the control group (7.4% [4.0–15.0%] vs. 2.7% [2.4–3.3%], p = 0.0001). When analyzing the 10-year risk of hip fracture, the results were as follows: Group I - 1.1% [0.2–5.1%], Group II - 0.1% [0–0.3%], and Group III - 0.15% [0.1–0.4%] (p = 0.0001). These findings suggest the activation of systemic inflammatory pathways as a consequence of hypoestrogenism in women from the main group.
This study clearly demonstrates a higher likelihood of 10 different osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures, as indicated by the FRAX model, in the main group compared to Groups II and III. Therefore, utilizing ultrasound densitometry in conjunction with the FRAX model can help prevent the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures. Furthermore, when changes in tissue mineral density and markers of systemic inflammation are detected, it enables the development of gender-specific approaches for further diagnosis and treatment
ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE STATE OF HEALTH AND CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION OF CHILDREN 7-9 YEARS OLD
Authors: Vasyleha P.A. 
Published: May 2023

Influenza and acute respiratory viral infections pose significant challenges in paediatrics, given their high prevalence among children and the potential for severe and complicated cases, particularly in young age groups. Over the past 20 years, there have been three coronavirus epidemics that have caused a substantial number of severe cases, high mortality rates, and global transmission. This review aims to provide a comparative analysis of clinical and epidemiological features of coronavirus infections in children, drawing from the examples of SARS and MERS, and offers essential approaches and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The review covers the etiology, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical presentation, and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome. It also provides a brief historical overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Unlike other respiratory viral infections, COVID-19 can result in persistent symptoms following the acute phase, known as post-infection COVID-19 syndrome, which can last for weeks or even months. The long-term effects of COVID-19 in children are not yet fully understood, and further research is needed to explore its true prevalence, pathogenesis, and lasting impacts. The management of paediatric post-infection COVID-19 syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach, international collaboration, and consensus to ensure early detection and effective treatment in children.
The article presents current scientific insights into the factors contributing to the development of a prolonged post-COVID period, including chronic systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation disorders, autoimmune reactions, and other immunological changes. The COVID-19 outbreak serves as a reminder of the ongoing threat posed by infectious diseases caused by pathogenic viruses, highlighting the need for global cooperation and preparedness to effectively mitigate their spread.
HEADACHE AND COVID-19: ETIOPATHOGENETIC LINKS, DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES AND TREATMETN APPROACHES
Authors: Ivashchenko S.P. , Delva M.Yu. 
Published: May 2023

COVID-19 is a human respiratory disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. However, in most cases, COVID-19 is accompanied by neurological involvement, leading to persistent consequences. Even individuals, both adults and children, with mild forms of the disease may experience recurrent neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms following the acute phase and beyond. Headache is one of the most common early symptoms of COVID-19. Beyond being a clinical condition, it significantly impacts the quality of life and poses an economic burden on society. Throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, headache has emerged as a serious neurological symptom associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and is even considered among its cardinal symptoms. In this review, we highlight the latest research publications on headache as a symptom of post-COVID syndrome based on data published over the past 3 years. The purpose of this study is to enhance the management of patients with post-COVID headache by analyzing studies investigating the prevalence, pathogenesis, and phenotypic characteristics of headache following COVID-19. By identifying existing challenges and seeking optimal solutions, we aim to optimize the care and treatment of patients experiencing post-COVID headache. Among the pronounced features of SARS-CoV-2 infection there is the ability to cause exacerbation (increased intensity, frequency, duration of headache attacks) or chronic headache in patients with a history of primary headache. In addition, patients with COVID-19 and a history of primary headache may develop a qualitatively new headache during the acute phase of the disease.
To date, there are no specific treatments, and most clinicians treat headache after COVID-19 based on the similarity of the clinical phenotype to other types of primary headache. Given the significant negative impact of headache in COVID-19, additional research is needed to make informed choices about optimal treatment methods. Thus, the problem of headache in patients who have experienced COVID 19 is an urgent medical and social challenge that requires relevant modern knowledge for its timely diagnosis and effective management.
ANTIVIRAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT FOR COVID-19
Authors: Sydorenko A.H. 
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Covid-19 is an infectious contagious disease of viral etiology caused by SARS-COv-2.
Covid-19 is a highly infectious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. The management of Covid-19 presents significant challenges, and the decision regarding the level of medical care provided, whether in outpatient or hospital settings, relies primarily on the clinical assessment of the patient's condition.
The aim of this paper is to review and analyze the pharmacological properties of antiviral drugs used in the treatment regimens for Covid-19.
Materials and Methods: In this research, internet resources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and CrossRef were utilized. The focus was on providing an up-to-date review of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of antiviral drugs used in the treatment of Covid-19.
Monlupiravir is an antiviral prodrug with activity against SARS-CoV-2. It is prescribed for patients with mild to moderate Covid-19 who are at high risk of developing severe forms of the disease or death. Ribavirin is a nucleoside analogue with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral drug that inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and it is indicated for seriously ill Covid-19 patients with pneumonia requiring oxygen therapy, as well as for patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, immunosuppressive conditions, and renal failure.
Favipiravin is a direct-acting synthetic antiviral drug, selective RNA polymerase inhibitor, which is indicated for the treatment of moderate and severe COVID-19, pandemic infections caused by influenza virus, and also when other drugs are ineffective.
Lopinavir/ritonavir is a combination drug, a protease inhibitor, which is used in the treatment charts for seriously ill patients with COVID-19.
Conclusion. The search for effective etiotropic drugs for treatment of patients with COVID-19 is still continuing. Monlupiravir, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravin, plitidepsin, lopinavir / ritonavir are used for treatment. Mechanism of drugs’ action, peculiarities of their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, possible side effects, dosage forms are required for the choice of the drug.
Favipiravir is a synthetic antiviral drug that acts as a selective RNA polymerase inhibitor. It is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe Covid-19, as well as for pandemic influenza infections when other drugs are ineffective. Lopinavir/ritonavir is a combination drug and a protease inhibitor used in the treatment of severely ill patients with Covid-19.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR COMPONENTS OF BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER
Authors: Stromylo A. V. , Kykhtenko O. V. 
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the study is to analyze the literature on the micromorphological and molecular features of the blood-brain barrier and then to establish the value of the obtained data for clinical disciplines in the context of diagnosis and explanation of the mechanisms of nerve tissue degeneration.
Results and discussion. According to the danger of negative dynamics of the epidemiology of nervous system diseases among global population we decided to analyze the literature as for the role of cell and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier for diagnostics, explaining of pathogenesis and making a disease prognosis in cases of neuronal disorders (anatomy and physiology changes in blood-brain barrier in cases of neuron damaging is often mentioned in scientific works). In this article micromorphological and molecular structure of the blood-brain barrier were described. The role of components of neurovascular units for maintaining normal barrier functions of blood-brain barrier was also found out. We described pathomorphological and functional changes in blood-brain barrier in condition of central nervous system damages, such as increasing of blood-brain barrier permeability and disruption of its barrier functions, which are worsened by insufficient neurotoxin excretion and decreasing of energy supply of neurons. The role of perycytes and astocytes in neurodegeneration was also explained in this article. We paid much attention to molecular markers of components of neurovascular units (such as neuron-specific enolase, acidic glial protein, protein S100β, PDGFRβ, TYMP and the marker of blood-brain barrier integrity – albumin index) because of its possibility of being used as a method of evaluation of the functional state of cells (due to measurement of level of these molecules in serum or cerebrospinal fluid) before their interfering into pathological process and for evaluation of blood-brain barrier density. But unfortunately, changes of concentrations of the most part of them appeared to be not specific enough for being interpreted as increasing of blood-brain barrier permeability, but can be explained also by brain injury, neurodegeneration or severe cardiovascular failure. Another problem of analysis of biomarkers is difficulties with integrating of their measurement in clinical practice because the significant part of data was found out due to invasive methods of studying or even making an autopsy. This way or another, further researches of them are necessary.
Conclusion. We suppose genetics studying to be a possible solution of mentioned problems. They can be not only a possible diagnostic method but an object of target therapy (for example, ABCB1 gene which encodes P-gp – the protein which could be considered as a transporter of neurotoxins or APOE4 gene which is supposed to correlate with the severity of neurodegeneration).
OXIDATIVE MECHANISMS UNDERLYING BRAIN CELL DAMAGE IN RATS UNDER CHANGES IN DURATION OF THE LIGHTDARK CYCLES
Authors: Volkova O.A. 
Published: May 2023

One of the main mechanisms underlying cell damage is lipid peroxidation, which is characterized by increased levels of free radical, products of lipid peroxidation chain reactions, and alterations in the activity of the antioxidant system in tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate the proand antioxidant balance in rat brain homogenate under conditions of disrupted "light-dark" cycles. The study involved 28 white Wistar rats weighing 150-200 gm, divided into two groups: control (15) and the group of animals exposed to acute desynchronosis simulation (13). To simulate desynchronosis, a normal "light-dark" cycle of 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness was initially established for three weeks, followed by a shift of the "light-dark" phases backward by six hours over the next three days. The animals were kept in standard conditions with a balanced diet in the vivarium, and the study adhered to the principles of biomedical ethics.
The results obtained indicate a significant increase in the activity of superoxide anion radical production in the brain tissues of the rats with modelled desynchronosis by 75.8% compared to the control group. This increase is attributed to the NADPH-oxidase mechanism by 20.2% and to xanthine oxidase mechanisms by 28%. The concentration of TBA-active products increased by 36.8%, the growth of TBA-active products elevated by 30%, and the activity of the key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, decreased by 53% and 14%, respectively, in the second group of animals. Furthermore, in the brain tissues of rats with disrupted "light-dark" cycles, there were found elevated levels of nitrites by 23.8%, nitrosothiols by 19%, and peroxynitrites by 69%, along with a reduction in the activity of total NO-synthase by 59.1%, inducible NO-synthase by 61.1%, and constitutive NO-synthase by 9% compared to the control group. The activity of ornithine decarboxylase increased by 26.5% in the brain tissues of the rats with simulated desynchronosis compared to the control group.
In conclusion, the disruption of "light-dark" cycles leads to the development of oxidative stress in brain tissues of animals and is characterized by increased production of reactive oxygen species and diminished antioxidant protection. Acute desynchronosis decreases nitric oxide production through the NO-synthase pathway, while increasing the accumulation of toxic nitric oxide metabolites in the brain tissues of rats, thereby posing a potential risk of nitrosative stress. Furthermore, alterations in the normal light regimen of the day activate the arginase pathway of L-arginine metabolism and result in increased glutamate production in the brain tissues of rats, potentially leading to oxidative stress.