bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of the Spherical Couple-Stress in Polar Linear Isotropic Elasticity
Authors: Soldatos K. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIt is well known that the conventional couple-stress theory leaves the spherical part of the couple-stress indeterminate. This indeterminacy problem is recently resolved for fibrous composites subjected to either small or large deformations and containing a single family of fibres resistant in bending (Soldatos in Math. Mech. Solids, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/10812865211061595). However, the problem remains still unsolved in simpler cases where the implied preference material direction is not related to fibre bending resistance, and even in the simplest possible case where the polar material of interest is linearly elastic and isotropic. This communication aims (i) to show that a relevant virtual spin concept employed (Soldatos in Math. Mech. Solids, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1177/10812865211061595) is further applicable in the latter case of polar linear isotropic elasticity, (ii) to demonstrate the process in which that concept thus leads to determination of the spherical part of the couple-stress, (iii) to exemplify this process by providing a couple of simple illustrative examples, (iv) to specify and discuss the reason that the outlined method meets a hurdle in cases of linear anisotropic elasticity that is due to one or more preferential material directions, and, hence, (v) to further discuss the manner in which that newly identified difficulty is currently confronted, and may thus be handled successfully.
Potato and soil 15N recoveries from different labelled forage root and shoot
Authors: Whittaker Jennifer , Nyiraneza Judith , Zebarth Bernie J. , Burton David L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn improved understanding of the contribution of a preceding forage crop to a subsequent potato crop can improve nitrogen (N) utilization in potato production. This study used two rotation experiments to estimate the N contribution from labelled shoot and root of red clover (RC, Trifolium pratense), timothy (T, Phleum pratense) and a red clover/timothy mixture (M) to a subsequent potato crop using microplots in the field. Forage crops were grown with 14NH414NO3 and 15NH415NO3 (98 atom %). The residue exchange technique was used to compare residue treatments of (i) whole plant labelled; (ii) labelled shoot only; and (iii) labelled root only in Experiment 1, and residue treatments of (i) whole plant labelled; (ii) labelled shoot/unlabelled root; and (iii) labelled root/unlabelled shoot in Experiment 2. Averaged across forage treatments, recoverable root biomass represented 64 and 37% of total forage biomass, and the total 15N recovery from labelled roots was 52 and 62% of the total 15N recovery from shoots, in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Therefore, forage roots represented a substantial source of N for the subsequent crop. However, less than 5% of the 15N from crop residues was recovered in the potato vines plus tubers, and most of the 15N was recovered in the soil, regardless of the forage or residue treatments. Potato tuber and vine dry matter was greater for the RC than the T treatment for all residue treatments, a finding attributed to greater potato N accumulation for the RC treatment. It is therefore important to consider the contribution of forage roots when studying N cycling in potato systems. Potato N requirements were satisfied more by soil-derived N rather than from fall incorporated forage residues.
Retirement and Household Expenditure in Turbulent Times
Authors: Laliotis Ioannis , Shaikh Mujaheed , Stavropoulou Charitini , Kourouklis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe examine how expenditure changes at retirement during an institutionally and economically uncertain period when a series of pension reforms and cuts were implemented. Overall, we fail to confirm that consumption declines at retirement using data from Greece (2008–2018). Any estimated declines come from turbulent years when major pension cuts were applied. Expenditure drops at retirement were due to pension income shocks, especially for those who were particularly dependent on pension income. Further checks support the presence of an income shock mechanism for retirees who are relatively more treated during the crisis sub-period. Given an aging population and the ongoing global turbulence, our results offer valuable insights.
Abnormal movement of the pulmonary valve in dogs diagnosed with patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Ishikawa Ryokichi , Chen Ayaka , Kamatsuki Reie , Setoguchi Asuka , Uechi Masami 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the typical left-to-right patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the shunt flows from the ductus arteriosus towards the pulmonary valve. Although hemodynamic changes have been carefully studied in dogs with PDA, there is very little information on the outcomes of the pulmonary valve after surgical correction of PDA. This study aimed to visualize the pulmonary valve by transthoracic echocardiography in dogs with PDA before and after surgical ligation. Prior to surgery, the movement of the anterior semilunar cusp of the pulmonary valve was obstructed by the shunted blood flow during systole in all nine dogs with PDA in this study. M-mode echocardiography revealed a continuous trajectory of the cusp, because the cusp was pushed towards the right ventricle during the whole cardiac cycle by the shunted flow. Epicardial echocardiography performed in one dog during surgical ligation of the ductus arteriosus revealed that the movement of the anterior semilunar cusp normalized immediately after ligation. B- and M-mode echocardiography may be used to support the diagnosis of PDA through observation of the pulmonary valve when color Doppler echography is not available. The findings in this study may be of importance in distinguishing PDA from PDA-mimicking diseases worth considering before the treatment process (e.g. aorticopulmonary fistulas or aberrant arteriovenous shunts).
Associations Between Built Environment Factors and SARS-CoV-2 Infections at the Neighbourhood Level in a Metropolitan Area in Germany
Authors: Schmiege Dennis , Haselhoff Timo , Ahmed Salman , Anastasiou Olympia Evdoxia , Moebus Susanne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
COVID-19-related health outcomes displayed distinct geographical patterns within countries. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 requires close spatial proximity of people, which can be influenced by the built environment. Only few studies have analysed SARS-CoV-2 infections related to the built environment within urban areas at a high spatial resolution. This study examined the association between built environment factors and SARS-CoV-2 infections in a metropolitan area in Germany. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections of 7866 citizens of Essen between March 2020 and May 2021 were analysed, aggregated at the neighbourhood level. We performed spatial regression analyses to investigate associations between the cumulative number of SARS-CoV-2 infections per 1000 inhabitants (cum. SARS-CoV-2 infections) up to 31.05.2021 and built environment factors. The cum. SARS-CoV-2 infections in neighbourhoods (median: 11.5, IQR: 8.1–16.9) followed a marked socially determined north–south gradient. The effect estimates of the adjusted spatial regression models showed negative associations with urban greenness, i.e. normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (adjusted β =  − 35.36, 95% CI: − 57.68; − 13.04), rooms per person (− 10.40, − 13.79; − 7.01), living space per person (− 0.51, − 0.66; − 0.36), and residential (− 0.07, 0.16; 0.01) and commercial areas (− 0.15, − 0.25; − 0.05). Residential areas with multi-storey buildings (− 0.03, − 0.12; 0.06) and green space (0.03, − 0.05; 0.11) did not show a substantial association. Our results suggest that the built environment matters for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections, such as more spacious apartments or higher levels of urban greenness are associated with lower infection rates at the neighbourhood level. The unequal intra-urban distribution of these factors emphasizes prevailing environmental health inequalities regarding the COVID-19 pandemic.
Computational insights on asymmetrical $$D_{1}$$ and $$D_{2}$$ receptor-mediated chunking: implications for OCD and Schizophrenia
Authors: Szalisznyó Krisztina , Silverstein David N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRepetitive thoughts and motor programs including perseveration are bridge symptoms characteristic of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia and in the co-morbid overlap of these conditions. The above pathologies are sensitive to altered activation and kinetics of dopamine $$D_{1}$$

D
1

and $$D_{2}$$

D
2

receptors that differently influence sequence learning and recall. Recognizing start and stop elements of motor and cognitive behaviors has crucial importance. During chunking, frequent components of temporal strings are concatenated into single units. We extended a published computational model (Asabuki et al. 2018), where two populations of neurons are connected and simulated in a reservoir computing framework. These neural pools were adopted to represent D1 and D2 striatal neuronal populations. We investigated how specific neural and striatal circuit parameters can influence start/stop signaling and found that asymmetric intra-network connection probabilities, synaptic weights and differential time constants may contribute to signaling of start/stop elements within learned sequences. Asymmetric coupling between the striatal $$D_{1}$$

D
1

and $$D_{2}$$

D
2

neural populations was also demonstrated to be beneficial. Our modeling results predict that dynamical differences between the two dopaminergic striatal populations and the interaction between them may play complementary roles in chunk boundary signaling. Start and stop dichotomies can arise from the larger circuit dynamics as well, since neural and intra-striatal connections only partially support a clear division of labor.
Nutritional composition and minerals bioaccessibility of commercial fruit flours
Authors: Galvão Fernanda , Pinto Edgar , Martins Zita E. , Almeida Agostinho A. , Ferreira Isabel M. P. L. V. O. , de Lima Vanderlei Aparecido , Felsner Maria Lurdes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCommercial fruit flours were evaluated concerning: (i) the nutritional composition (proximate composition, total phenolic content, and minerals content), (ii) their contribution to estimated mineral daily intake, (iii) the bioaccessibility of essential minerals using the in vitro INFOGEST digestion method and (iv) the influence of their chemical composition on minerals bioaccessibility. The 20 samples analysed presented high variability concerning the content of dietary fibre (7.5 to 69.7 g/100 g), carbohydrates (4.1 to 74.9 g/100 g), protein (2.9 to 12.9 g/100 g), ash (1.0 to 7.0 g/100 g), lipids (1.0 to 8.1 g/100 g) and total phenolic content (2.9 to 41.0 mg GAE/g. The mineral content of fruit flours provides a great contribution to the daily mineral requirements (especially Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu) with a daily intake of 30 g and very low contribution to the daily requirements of Na (0–3%). Low bioaccessibility was observed for Ca (18.0%) and Fe (28.9%), while Mg was the most bioaccessible mineral (81.5%). Though, the bioaccessible fraction of Mg showed negative correlation with total dietary fibre content (r = − 0.77) and lipids (r = − 0.46).
Effect of Alumina Modified by Silane on the Mechanical, Swelling and Dielectric Properties of Al2O3/EPDM/SBR Blend Composites
Authors: Abdelsalam Amir A. , Ward Azza A. , Abdel-Naeem Gamal , Mohamed Wael S. , El-Sabbagh Salwa H. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Rubber blending has been widely used to improve various properties in finished rubber products. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of filler size, type, concentration, and surface treatment on the mechanical, swelling, dielectric, and morphology properties of ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM)/styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) rubber blend nanocomposites filled with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles. Bis-(3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl)-tetrasulfide (TESPT) was used as a silane coupling agent. Rubber blend nanocomposites containing Al2O3 nanoparticles were compared to carbon black (CB). The results indicate that the nanocomposites prepared, in particular with the TESPT, had better properties than the composites without the TESPT. Mechanical properties of the CB-filled EPDM/SBR rubber blend were noticeably improved, indicating CB's inherent reinforcing potential. We found that rubber nanocomposites' crosslink density and filler–rubber interaction increase, and the swelling coefficient decreases with increasing filler content. The dielectric properties of the nanocomposites showed a significant enhancement with fillers. SEM images showed that the CB sample had a higher distribution than Al2O3 due to good interaction and dispersion. This study's experimental data will help design and manufacture outdoor insulators.
The national burden of frailty and disproportionate distribution of its components—the predominance of slow gait speed: a 2018–19 face-to-face epidemiologic assessment representative of population of older Poles
Authors: Piotrowicz Karolina , Kujawska-Danecka Hanna , Jagiełło Kacper , Hajduk Adam , Skalska Anna , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Zdrojewski Tomasz , Grodzicki Tomasz , Gąsowski Jerzy 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
The prevalence of frailty and its components may be affected by age, diseases and geriatric deficits. However, the current operational definition of frailty assigns equal weight to the five components of frailty.

Aims
To perform a population-based assessment of physical frailty, its prevalence, and distribution of its components across different age, disease and deficit spectrum.

Methods
From 2018 to 2019, we conducted a face-to-face cross-sectional assessment of a representative sample of older Poles. We obtained data on frailty components, chronic disease burden, and prevalence of particular diseases and geriatric deficits. We calculated weighted population estimates, representative of 8.5 million older Poles, of prevalence of frailty and its components across the disease burden, associated with the particular diseases and the geriatric deficits present.

Results
Of 10,635 screened persons ≥ 60 years, 5987 entered the face-to-face assessment. Data of 5410 have been used for the present analysis. Seventy-two percent of the population are burdened with at least one frailty component. The estimated weighted population prevalence (95% CI) of frailty was 15.9% (14.6–17.1%), and of pre-frailty 55.8% (53.3–58.2%). Slow gait speed predominated across disease burden, specific diseases, geriatric deficits and the age spectrum. Overall, the prevalence of slow gait speed was 56.3% (52.7–60.0%), followed by weakness 26.9% (25.4–28.4%), exhaustion 19.2% (17.6–20.8%), low physical activity 16.5% (14.8–18.3%), and weight loss 9.4% (8.4–10.3%).

Conclusions
Slow gait speed predominates among the components of frailty in older Poles. This may affect the component-tailored preventive and therapeutic actions to tackle frailty.
Effects of l-carnitine Administration on Sperm and Sex Hormone Levels in a Male Wistar Rat Reproductive System Injury Model in a High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxic Environment
Authors: Chang Dehui , Kong Feiyan , Jiang Wei , Li Fudong , Zhang Chunlei , Ding Haoshuai , Kang Yindong , Li Weiping , Huang Chuang , Zhou Xin , Zhang Xiaoli , Jiao Hongmei , Kang Yafen , Shang Xuejun , Zhang Bin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The plateau environment impacts male reproductive function, causing decreased sperm quality and testosterone levels. l-carnitine can improve the semen microenvironment. However, the role of l-carnitine in a high-altitude environment remains unclear. In our study, we investigated the effects of l-carnitine administration in a male Wistar rat reproductive system injury model in the context of a simulated high-altitude environment. Rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A1, A2-low dose and A3-high dose) and high-altitude model groups (group B, C-low dose and D-high dose) with 20 rats in each group. With the exception of the normal control group exposed to normoxic conditions, the other groups were maintained in a hypobaric oxygen chamber that simulated an altitude of 6000 m for 28 days. In the experimental period, the low-dose groups (A2 and C) were administered 50 mg/kg l-carnitine via intraperitoneal injection once a day, and the high-dose groups (A3 and D) were given 100 mg/kg. After the feeding period, blood samples were collected to assess blood gas, serum hormone levels and oxidative stress. Sperm from the epididymis were collected to analyse various sperm parameters. After obtaining the testicular tissue, the morphological and pathological changes were observed under a light microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The impact of the simulated high-altitude environment on the rat testis tissue is obvious. Specifically, a decreased testicular organ index and altered indices of arterial blood gas and serum sex hormone levels caused testicular tissue morphological damage, reduced sperm quality, increased sperm deformity rate and altered malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) concentrations. The results demonstrate that l-carnitine can be administered as a preventive intervention to reduce the reproductive damage caused by high-altitude hypobaric and hypoxic environments and improve semen quality in a rat model.
Water of Eastern Taiwan mud volcanoes: part II—trace element distribution of Lei-Gong-Huo mud volcano
Authors: Chao Hung-Chun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMud volcano (MV) is one of the most important channels for deep seated volatile materials to migrate to Earth’s surface in the sedimentary basins at subduction zones. It plays a meaningful role of elemental budget in hydrosphere. Waters of MV fluid emitted from 46 mud pools in MV Lei-Gong-Huo (LGH) in eastern Taiwan were sampled from October 2015 to July 2016 monthly. Previous research indicates that the chemical characteristic of fluid expelled by MV LGH is dominated by two-end-member mixing of water–rock interaction with sedimentary and igneous rocks (Chao et al., Front Earth Sci 9:750436, 2022). Trace elements of 165 mud pool samples, including Al, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Pb and U, were measured. The results show that waters of MV LGH reveal similar chemical characteristics to low-temperature ridge-flank hydrothermal spring and marine pore water in anoxic conditions coupled with the addition of clay dehydration. Principle component analysis (PCA) with previous published variables (Chao et al., Front Earth Sci 9:750436, 2022) indicates the important factors are the source of water–rock interaction, the surface ion exchange, the redox condition of mud pool, and the evaporation. In summary, the concentration of trace elements in the waters expelled by MV LGH is in the range of nM to pM. Their behaviors are dominated by secondary factors during and after migration such as surface ion exchange in response to changes in pressure and temperature, redox state of the mud pool, and evaporation. Trace elements in MV water are not suitable for fluid source or provenance studies.
Law and psychology must think critically about effect sizes
Authors: Chin Jason M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis comment examines a threat to the development of law and psychology as a “public science” (i.e., one that goes beyond theory to address important issues in society), a failure to think critically about effect sizes. Effect sizes estimate the strength or magnitude of the relationship between variables and therefore can help decision makers understand whether scientific results are relevant to some legal or policy outcome. Accordingly, I suggest that those conducting and reporting law and psychology research should: (1) justify why observed effect sizes are meaningful and report them candidly and transparently, (2) scrutinize effect sizes to determine if they are plausible, and (3) plan studies such that they fit with the researchers’ inferential goals. I explore these points by way of case studies on influential law and psychology studies, such as implicit bias in the courtroom. I end with suggestions for implementing my recommendations, including a metaresearch agenda for law and psychology.
La valeur du faux (note critique)
Authors: Bessy Christian , Colmellere Cynthia 
Published: January 2023

Cette note critique revient sur l’une des affaires de faux livres anciens les plus retentissantes des années 2000, celle du Sidereus nuncius, à partir de deux parutions récentes : l’ouvrage collectif SNML. Anatomie d’une contrefaçon (2020) et celui de Nick Wilding, Faussaire de Lune. Autopsie d’une imposture, Galilée et ses contrefacteurs (2014). Les études de cas de faux et des parcours et pratiques de faussaires dans le domaine des textes et du livre en particulier ont permis d’examiner les ressorts de ces falsifications, souvent au regard de comportements individuels, motivés par une volonté délibérée de production de faits erronés, de disqualification de faits existants ou par une ambition sociale. Cependant, lorsqu’il s’agit de faux s’échangeant sur le marché du livre ancien et dont la valeur tient tout autant au texte qu’aux caractéristiques matérielles, ce questionnement doit être élargi. La configuration des savoirs en jeu interroge le travail de la preuve aux confins de l’histoire de l’art et de l’histoire des sciences. Elle met aussi au jour la relation entre experts et faussaires, qui s’appuient sur leurs prises et leurs savoir-faire et sur des connaissances réciproques de leurs compétences et appuis respectifs. L’analyse de cette configuration permet enfin de montrer la porosité des frontières entre le marché du livre et le monde de la connaissance historique et archivistique.
Écrivains « noirs » et prix littéraires
Authors: Bertho Elara 
Published: January 2023

Cet article analyse La plus secrète mémoire des hommes, dernier roman de l’écrivain sénégalais Mohamed Mbougar Sarr, récipiendaire du prix Goncourt en 2021. Sous la forme d’un roman-monde, ce texte traverse le long xxe siècle en explorant les relations entretenues entre littérature et universel. Le personnage d’Elimane, au centre du récit, met en lumière la réception racialisée de la littérature francophone et la manière dont les écrivains sont lus par la critique. Il fait office de double fictionnel pour représenter non seulement la trajectoire de Yambo Ouologuem, mais aussi celle toute une série d’autres écrivains ayant été la cible de cabales médiatiques, à l’instar de Camara Laye, de Bakary Diallo ou encore de René Maran. L’article montre qu’en représentant cette réception racialisée, Mbougar Sarr utilise la fiction elle-même pour jouer avec ces assignations critiques. Le jeu entre histoire et littérature, mis en scène dans le roman, contribue à élaborer les pistes d’un nouvel universel littéraire, reprenant et glosant les propositions de Souleymane Bachir Diagne à propos de l’universel latéral. Pastiche, ironie, décalages, jeux de doubles et de miroirs, entremêlement d’intertextualité sont les armes de l’écrivain pour mettre en scène la puissance de la fiction face aux lectures racialisantes.