bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sense of Body Ownership and the Neural Processes of Memory Encoding and Reinstatement
Authors: Iriye H. , Chancel M. , Ehrsson H. H. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEvery event we experience that results in a memory involves experiencing our conscious self at its heart. The spatial and perceptual experience of one’s own body is the most basic form of selfhood. Disrupting bodily selfhood during memory formation impairs functioning of the hippocampus during retrieval, which implies a weakening of encoding mechanisms. However, neural activity present as individuals encode memories during manipulations of bodily selfhood have yet to be assessed. We investigated how body ownership, a core aspect of bodily selfhood, impacts encoding processes in the hippocampus and additional core memory regions (e.g. posterior parietal cortex). Further, we assessed the degree to which memories are reinstated according to body ownership during encoding and vividness during retrieval as a measure of memory strength. Participants viewed immersive videos through VR glasses, which depicted everyday events that included a first-person view of a mannequin’s body aligned with participants’ real bodies during fMRI scanning. We manipulated feelings of body ownership over the mannequin using a perceptual full-body illusion. One week later, participants retrieved memories for the videos during fMRI scanning. We observed that patterns of activity in several regions including the hippocampus and posterior parietal cortex distinguished between videos encoded with strong versus weak illusory body ownership. Moreover, these same regions reinstated memories to a greater degree when they were formed with a strong sense of body ownership and retrieved with increasing levels of vividness. Our findings demonstrate how the fundamental sense of owning one’s body shape neural signatures of memory formation and strengthen reinstatement at retrieval.
Dynamic network-guided CRISPRi screen reveals CTCF loop-constrained nonlinear enhancer-gene regulatory activity in cell state transitions
Authors: Luo Renhe , Yan Jielin , Oh Jin Woo , Xi Wang , Shigaki Dustin , Wong Wilfred , Cho Hyunwoo , Murphy Dylan , Cutler Ronald , Rosen Bess P. , Pulecio Julian , Yang Dapeng , Glenn Rachel , Chen Tingxu , Li Qing V. , Vierbuchen Thomas , Sidoli Simone , Apostolou Effie , Huangfu Danwei , Beer Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComprehensive enhancer discovery is challenging because most enhancers, especially those affected in complex diseases, have weak effects on gene expression. Our network modeling revealed that nonlinear enhancer-gene regulation during cell state transitions can be leveraged to improve the sensitivity of enhancer discovery. Utilizing hESC definitive endoderm differentiation as a dynamic transition system, we conducted a mid-transition CRISPRi-based enhancer screen. The screen discovered a comprehensive set of enhancers (4 to 9 per locus) for each of the core endoderm lineage-specifying transcription factors, and many enhancers had strong effects mid-transition but weak effects post-transition. Through integrating enhancer activity measurements and three-dimensional enhancer-promoter interaction information, we were able to develop a CTCF loop-constrained Interaction Activity (CIA) model that can better predict functional enhancers compared to models that rely on Hi-C-based enhancer-promoter contact frequency. Our study provides generalizable strategies for sensitive and more comprehensive enhancer discovery in both normal and pathological cell state transitions.
Pectin methylesterification modulates cell wall properties to promote neighbour proximity-induced hypocotyl growth
Authors: Sénéchal Fabien , Robinson Sarah , Van Schaik Evert , Trévisan Martine , Saxena Prashant , Reinhardt Didier , Fankhauser Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPlants growing with neighbours compete for light and consequently increase growth of their vegetative organs to enhance access to sunlight. This response, called shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), involves photoreceptors such as phytochromes as well as phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs), which regulate the expression of growth-mediating genes. Numerous cell wall-related genes belong to the putative targets of PIFs, and the importance of cell wall modifications for enabling growth was extensively shown in developmental models such as dark-grown hypocotyl. However, the role of the cell wall in the growth of de-etiolated seedlings regulated by shade cues remains poorly established. Through analyses of mechanical and biochemical properties of the cell wall coupled with transcriptomic analysis of cell wall-related genes, we show the importance of cell wall modifications in neighbour proximity-induced elongation. Further analysis using loss-of-function mutants impaired in the synthesis and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers corroborated this. We focused on thecgr2cgr3double mutant that is defective in homogalacturonan (HG) methyltransferase activity required for methylesterification of HG-type pectins. By following hypocotyl growth kinetically and spatially and analyzing the mechanical and biochemical properties of cell walls, we found that methylesterification of HG-type pectins was required to enable global cell wall modifications. Moreover, HG-class pectin modification was needed for plant competition-induced hypocotyl growth. Collectively our work suggests that in the hypocotyl PIFs orchestrate changes in the expression of numerous cell wall genes to enable neighbour proximity-induced growth.One sentence summaryThe degree of methylesterification of pectins modulates global changes in the cell wall and its mechanical properties that contribute to the neighbour proximity-induced hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis
Assessing the utility of COVID-19 case reports as a leading indicator for hospitalization forecasting in the United States
Authors: Reich Nicholas G , Wang Yijin , Burns Meagan , Ergas Rosa , Cramer Estee Y , Ray Evan L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIdentifying data streams that can consistently improve the accuracy of epidemiological forecasting models is challenging. Using models designed to predict daily state-level hospital admissions due to COVID-19 in California and Massachusetts, we investigated whether incorporating COVID-19 case data systematically improved forecast accuracy. Additionally, we considered whether using case data aggregated by date of test or by date of report from a surveillance system made a difference to the forecast accuracy. Evaluating forecast accuracy in a test period, after first having selected the best-performing methods in a validation period, we found that overall the difference in accuracy between approaches was small, especially at forecast horizons of less than two weeks. However, forecasts from models using cases aggregated by test date showed lower accuracy at longer horizons and at key moments in the pandemic, such as the peak of the Omicron wave in January 2022. Overall, these results highlight the challenge of finding a modeling approach that can generate accurate forecasts of outbreak trends both during periods of relative stability and during periods that show rapid growth or decay of transmission rates. While COVID-19 case counts seem to be a natural choice to help predict COVID-19 hospitalizations, in practice any benefits we observed were small and inconsistent.
“Creating a culturally competent pharmacy profession”: a qualitative exploration of pharmacy staff perspectives of cultural competence and its training in community pharmacy settings
Authors: McCann Jessica , Lau Wing Man , Husband Andy , Todd Adam , Sile Laura , Doll Amandeep Kaur , Varia Sneha , Robinson-Barella Anna 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionCultural competence is an important attribute underpinning interactions between healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists, and patients from ethnic minority communities. Health- and medicines-related inequalities affecting people from underrepresented ethnic groups, such as poorer access to healthcare services and poorer overall treatment outcomes in comparison to their White counterparts, have been widely discussed in existing literature. Community pharmacies are a first port of call healthcare service accessed by diverse patient populations; yet, limited research exists which explores the perceptions of culturally competent care within the profession, or the delivery of cultural competence training to community pharmacy staff. This research seeks to gather perspectives of community pharmacy teams relating to cultural competence and identify possible approaches for the adoption of cultural competence training.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted in-person, over the telephone orviavideo call, between October-December 2022. Perspectives on cultural competence and training were discussed. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Reflexive thematic analysis enabled the development of themes. QSR NVivo (Version 12) facilitated data management. Ethical approval was obtained from the [anonymised] University Ethics Committee (ref: 25680/2022).ResultsFourteen participants working in community pharmacies were interviewed, including: 8 qualified pharmacists, 1 foundation trainee pharmacist, 3 pharmacy technicians/dispensers and 2 counter assistants. Three themes were developed from the data which centred on: (1) defining and appreciating cultural competency within pharmacy services; (2) identifying pharmacies as “cultural hubs” for members of the diverse, local community; and (3) delivering cultural competence training for the pharmacy profession.ConclusionThe results of this study offer new insights and suggestions on the delivery of cultural competence training to community pharmacy staff, students and trainees entering the profession. Collaborative co-design approaches between patients and pharmacy staff could enable improved design, implementation and delivery of culturally competent pharmacy services.Patient or public contributionThe Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement group at [anonymised] University had input in the study design and conceptualisation. Two patient champions inputted to ensure that the study was conducted, and the findings were reported, with cultural sensitivity.Trial registrationNot applicable. Ethical approval was obtained from the [anonymised] University Research and Ethics Committee (reference: 25680/2022).
HadzaPrevotellaRequire Diet-derived Microbiota Accessible Carbohydrates to Persist in Mice
Authors: Gellman Rebecca H , Olm Matthew R , Terrapon Nicolas , Enam Fatima , Higginbottom Steven K , Sonnenburg Justin L , Sonnenburg Erica D 
Published: March 2023

SummaryIndustrialization has transformed the gut microbiota, reducing the prevalence ofPrevotellarelative toBacteroides. Here, we isolateBacteroidesandPrevotellastrains from the microbiota of Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania, a population with high levels ofPrevotella. We demonstrate that plant-derived microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) are required for persistence ofPrevotella copribut notBacteroides thetaiotaomicron in vivo. Differences in carbohydrate metabolism gene content, expression, andin vitrogrowth reveal that HadzaPrevotellastrains specialize in degrading plant carbohydrates, while HadzaBacteroidesisolates use both plant and host-derived carbohydrates, a difference mirrored inBacteroidesfrom non-Hadza populations. When competing directly,P. coprirequires plant-derived MACs to maintain colonization in the presence ofB. thetaiotaomicron, as a no MAC diet eliminatesP. copricolonization.Prevotella’sreliance on plant-derived MACs andBacteroides’ability to use host mucus carbohydrates could explain the reduced prevalence ofPrevotellain populations consuming a low-MAC, industrialized diet.Statement on work with indigenous communitiesIn order to acquire scientific knowledge that accurately represents all human populations, rather than only reflecting and benefiting those in industrialized nations, it is necessary to involve indigenous populations in research in a legal, ethical, and non-exploitative manner (Abdill et al., 2022; Green et al., 2020). Here, we isolated live bacterial strains from anonymized fecal samples collected from Hadza hunter-gatherers in 2013/2014 (Fragiadakis et al., 2019; Merrill et al., 2022; Smits et al., 2017). Samples were collected with permission from the Tanzanian government, National Institute of Medical Research (MR/53i 100/83, NIMR/HQ/R.8a/Vol.IX/1542), the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology, and with aid from Tanzanian scientists. A material transfer agreement with the National Institute for Medical Research in Tanzania specifies that collected samples are solely to be used for academic purposes. For more information on the consent practices followed, and our ongoing work to communicate the results of these projects to the Hadza, please see (Merrill et al., 2022; Olm et al., 2022).
Altered brain energy metabolism related to astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Hirata Kosei , Matsuoka Kiwamu , Tagai Kenji , Endo Hironobu , Tatebe Harutsugu , Ono Maiko , Kokubo Naomi , Oyama Asaka , Shinotoh Hitoshi , Takahata Keisuke , Obata Takayuki , Dehghani Masoumeh , Near Jamie , Kawamura Kazunori , Zhang Ming-Rong , Shimada Hitoshi , Yokota Takanori , Tokuda Takahiko , Higuchi Makoto , Takado Yuhei 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveIncreasing evidence suggests that reactive astrocytes are associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, its underlying pathogenesis remains unknown. Given the role of astrocytes in energy metabolism, reactive astrocytes may contribute to altered energy metabolism. It is hypothesized that lactate, a glucose metabolite, is produced in astrocytes and subsequently shuttled to neurons as an energy substrate. This study aimed to examine alterations in brain lactate levels and their association with astrocytic activities in AD.Methods30 AD and 30 cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects were enrolled. For AD subjects, amyloid and tau depositions were confirmed by positron emission tomography using [11C]PiB and [18F]florzolotau, respectively. Lactate and myo-inositol, an astroglial marker, in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were quantified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). These MRS metabolites were compared with plasma biomarkers, including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as another astrocytic marker.ResultsLactate and myo-inositol levels were higher in AD than in CU (p< 0.05). Lactate levels correlated with myo-inositol levels (r= 0.272,p= 0.047). Lactate and myo-inositol levels were positively associated with the Clinical Dementia Rating sum-of-boxes scores (p< 0.05). Significant correlations were noted between myo-inositol levels and plasma GFAP and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 levels (p< 0.05).InterpretationWe found high lactate levels accompanied by an increased astrocytic marker in the PCC in AD. Thus, impaired lactate shuttle of reactive astrocytes may disrupt energy regulation, resulting in surplus lactate levels. Myo-inositol and plasma GFAP may reflect similar astrocytic changes.
Knowledge and awareness of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis among men in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Badru Oluwaseun Abdulganiyu , Hlongwa Mbuzeleni , Adeagbo Oluwafemi Atanda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAbout 38.4 million people were living with HIV as of 2021, and HIV is more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in HIV prevention. Despite the efficacy of PrEP, many persons, including men, do not have adequate knowledge and awareness of PrEP, and reviews on knowledge and awareness among men are scarce. This review aims to assess and synthesize the knowledge and awareness of PrEP among persons assigned as males at birth in sub-Saharan Africa.Method and analysisThe proposed scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. The following information sources will be searched to retrieve relevant studies for this review: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Google Scholar, The Union Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations (UCTD) and SA ePublications via SABINET Online, WorldCat Dissertations and Theses via OCLC, ResearchGate, and American Doctoral Dissertations via EBSCOhost. All study designs, except existing reviews, will be included. All screenings (abstract screening and full-text screening) and data extraction will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Quantitative findings will be presented with frequency and percentages, while qualitative thematic analysis will be used to analyze qualitative findings.Ethics and disseminationDue to the use of primary published data, ethical approval is not required for this review. The results of this review will be presented at a conference and published in a high-impact peer-review journal.
A systematic review of the effectiveness and implementation readiness of psychosocial interventions for psychosis in South Asia
Authors: Lyles Sophie , Khan Zahra , Qureshi Onaiza , Shaikh Madiha 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the effectiveness and implementation of psychosocial interventions for psychosis in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In South Asia, specialist psychiatric resources are scarce. Support for psychosis often falls on the family or caregiver which can increase feelings of burden, impact caregivers’ wellbeing, and increase mental health stigma. Psychosocial interventions are increasingly used for psychosis in South Asia and could reduce relapse and symptoms, reduce caregiver burden, conserve cost and resources. The aim of this review was to appraise the effectiveness and implementation readiness of psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis in LMICs within South Asia.MethodA systematic search was conducted on MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Global Health, and Web of Science. The review was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022329254). Studies were rated on two scales assessing quality and implementation readiness.ResultsTwenty-six papers were included, nine intervention-types including community-based interventions/assertive outreach; CaCBTp; FAP; psychoeducation; cognitive retraining/rehabilitation; social cognition/skills; family/ caregiver intervention; telehealth intervention; yoga-based intervention in six South Asian countries.Findings suggest a multicomponent community-based intervention (MCBI) was the most implementation ready due to its standardisation, good clinical outcome outcomes for patients and caregivers, and training and cost evaluations.ConclusionOf the included studies, MCBI and community-based outreach interventions utilising lay health workers appear to be the most implementation ready and are suggested to best address the treatment gap in South Asia.
Performance of urinary phenyl-γ-valerolactones as biomarkers of dietary flavan-3-ol exposure
Authors: Parmenter Benjamin H. , Shinde Sujata , Croft Kevin , Murray Kevin , Bondonno Catherine P. , Genoni Angela , Christophersen Claus T. , Biden Keren , Kay Colin , Mena Pedro , Del Rio Daniele , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Nicola P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhenyl-γ-valerolactones (PVLs) have been proposed as potential biomarkers of dietary flavan-3-ol exposure.ObjectiveWe investigate the performance of a range of PVLs as biomarkers indicative of flavan-3-ol intake.MethodsWe report results of two companion studies: a 5-way randomised cross-over trial (RCT) and an observational cross-sectional study. In the RCT, 16 healthy participants were randomly assigned to 1-day flavan-3-ol rich interventions (of either apple, cocoa, black tea, green tea, or water [control]). Participants collected 24-hour urine and first morning urine samples, with diet standardised throughout. For each participant, one of the five intervention periods was randomly extended to two days, to monitor PVL kinetics following repeated days of flavan-3-ol exposure. In the cross-sectional study, 86 healthy participants collected 24-hour urines and concurrent weighed food diaries from which flavan-3-ol consumption was estimated using Phenol-Explorer. A panel of 10 urinary PVLs was quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsIn both studies, two urinary PVLs [5-(3’ s-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4’-sulfate and tentatively identified 5-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3’-glucuronide] were the principal compounds excreted (>75%). In the RCT, the sum of these PVLs was significantly higher than the water (control) following each intervention; individually, there was a shift from sulfation towards glucuronidation as the total excretion of PVLs increased across the different interventions. In the extended RCT intervention period, after two days of treatment, there was no evidence of accumulation of these compounds in the urine, and following withdrawal of treatment on the third day, there was a return towards negligible PVL excretion. All results were consistent, whether compounds were measured in 24-hour urine or first morning voids. In the observational study, the sum of the principal PVLs correlated dose-dependently (Rs= 0.37,P= 0.0006) with dietary flavan-3-ol intake, with similar associations for each individually.ConclusionUrinary 5-(3’-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-4’-sulfate and tentatively identified 5-(4’-hydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone-3’-glucuronide are recommended biomarkers for dietary flavan-3-ol exposure.
NN50 and pNN50, two time-domain heart rate variability parameters were associated with 30-day all-cause mortality in patients admitted to intensive care unit: A Retrospective Study of the MIMIC-IV Database
Authors: Li Sheran , Yang Qiyu , Wu Peiyu , Lu Yujing , Yang Zhengfei , Jiang Longyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveOur study aims to evaluate the association between heart rate variability (HRV) and short and long-term prognosis in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).Methods and ResultsAdult patients continuously monitored for over 24h in ICUs from the MIMIC-IV Waveform Database were recruited in our study. Twenty HRV-related variables (8 time-domain, 6 frequency-domain; and 6 nonlinear variables) were calculated based on RR intervals. The association between HRV and 30-day all-cause mortality was assessed. Ninety-three patients met the inclusion criteria and were classified into 30-day survivor group and non-survivor groups based on their survival status. The 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 17.2%. NN50 and pNN50 were both significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors, whereas the rest of the time-domain, frequency domain and non-linear HRV parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups (allP>0.05). In addition, at 180 days after admission, non-survivors had significantly higher levels of NN50 and rMSSD than the survivors. However, NN50 was not an independent predictor of 30-day all-cause mortality in patients by multivariate COX regression analysis (HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 1.000 - 1.001;P=0.594). The Area Under the Curve (AUC), cut-off value, sensitivity and specificity of NN50 for predicting 30-day all-cause mortality using ROC were 0.67, 799, 0.813 and 0.584, respectively. Plotting Kaplan-Meier analysis using this cut-off value showed that patients with high NN50 had considerably greater 30-day all-cause mortality than those with low NN50 (P< 0.001).ConclusionNN50 and pNN50 are associated with elevated 30-day all-cause mortality in ICU patients but are not independent predictors of all-cause mortality using multivariate COX regression analysis.