bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance chemotherapy in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer, a narrative review and case series
Authors: Chehade Laudy , Elias Charbel , Mukherji Deborah , Temraz Sally , Salem Ziad , Charafeddine Maya , Darazi Monita Al , Shamseddine Ali 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLimited data exist on the management of patients with locally advanced (aPC) or metastatic pancreatic (mPC) cancer who achieve stable disease/response after first‐line chemotherapy. In this setting, maintenance therapy is important to minimize toxicity while preserving survival benefits. The aim of this study is to conduct a narrative review of the evidence available on the topic and present the results of a retrospective case series of patients with aPC or mPC who received maintenance therapy following a good response to induction chemotherapy. Olaparib is the only drug approved for maintenance therapy in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and germline Breast Cancer gene mutation. Data from several trials, including the phase II PANOPTIMOX‐PRODIGE35 trial, showed clinical benefit from the use of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) as maintenance. We also conducted a case series including 12 patients who received FOLFIRINOX as induction chemotherapy for aPC or mPC followed by fluorouracil (5‐FU) or FOLFIRI maintenance therapy. Median progression‐free survival is 22.13 months which is higher than that reported in the literature, which ranges between 5 and 10.6 months. Although further conclusions cannot be drawn because of the small sample size, the results are promising and encourage further exploration of this topic in larger prospective trials.
Retrospective histological evaluation of orchiectomy specimens following testicular torsion reveals a 10% incidence of reversible injury. Is it time for a change of strategy?
Authors: Marcou Marios , Hartmann Arndt , Wullich Bernd , Apel Hendrik , Hirsch‐Koch Karin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundAccording to standard medical practice, immediate orchiectomy is advised in the case of a non‐viable testis following testicular torsion. Because of the lack of objective criteria in the evaluation of testicular viability, the fate of the testis solely depends on the discretion and experience of the surgeon.ObjectiveIn this study, we retrospectively reassess the management of patients with testicular torsion in our center, and we ask the question, from a retrospective point of view, of whether the decision to perform orchiectomy has always been correct.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of patients with testicular torsion who underwent surgery in our center between 2001 and 2021. All orchiectomy specimens were reevaluated and graded by an experienced pathologist using the Mikuz grading system.ResultsImmediate orchiectomy was performed in 48 of the 136 patients (35%). Five (10.4%) of the 48 orchiectomy specimens were categorized as “grade 1,” and 17 (35.4%) were categorized as “grade 2.” The time between the onset of symptoms and surgical exploration exceeded 12 h in three of the five patients with a “grade 1” testicular injury, and in one case, it even exceeded 24 h.Discussion“Grade 1” testicular injury is potentially reversible, whereas the fate of a testis with a “grade 2” testicular injury remains unknown. Whether and to what extent partial testicular tissue salvage in a “grade 2” injury is still possible remain unclear.ConclusionsOur results indicate that at least 10% of the testicles removed in our center could, from a retrospective point of view, have been salvaged. Our study further demonstrated that the duration of symptoms is not an absolute indicator of testicular damage and that the decision of whether orchiectomy should be performed, based simply on the subjective macroscopic image of the affected testis, is not always correct.
The association of preconception paternal metabolic syndrome on early childhood emergency department visits and hospitalizations
Authors: Chen Tony , Zhang Chiyuan A. , Li Shufeng , Schroeder Alan R. , Shaw Gary M. , Eisenberg Michael L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing preconception paternal comorbidity has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, whether the father's health impacts the child after birth is uncertain.ObjectivesIn the present study, we examined the association of preconception paternal metabolic syndrome status with childhood emergency department visits and hospitalizations.Materials and MethodsThis is a longitudinal cohort study of children (295,355 boys and 278,735 girls) born to linked pairs of fathers and mothers in the United States between 2009 and 2016 within the IBM MarketScan Research database. Associations between paternal and maternal metabolic syndrome component diagnoses and subsequent hospitalizations and emergency department visits for offspring within the first 2 years of life were determined.ResultsNote that, 35.5% (203,617/574,090) of children had at least one emergency room visit and 6.1% (35,141/574,090) of children had an inpatient admission. After adjustment, the odds of inpatient admission and emergency department visits increased in a dose‐dependent fashion among fathers with higher comorbidities. Similar trends were seen for emergency department visit utilization.Discussion and ConclusionIncreasing paternal preconception comorbidity is associated with a higher risk that a child requires the emergency department and inpatient care in the first years of life. An opportunity exists to engage men in preconception counseling to optimize their and their offspring's health.
The addition of vorinostat to lenalidomide maintenance for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma of all ages: results from ‘Myeloma XI’, a multicentre, open‐label, randomised, phase III trial
Authors: Jenner Matthew W. , Pawlyn Charlotte , Davies Faith E. , Menzies Tom , Hockaday Anna , Olivier Catherine , Jones John R. , Karunanithi Kamaraj , Lindsay Jindriska , Kishore Bhuvan , Cook Gordon , Drayson Mark T. , Kaiser Martin F. , Owen Roger G. , Gregory Walter , Cairns David A. , Morgan Gareth J. , Jackson Graham H. ,   for the UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Haemato‐oncology Clinical Studies Group
Published: December 2022

SummaryLenalidomide is an effective maintenance agent for patients with myeloma, prolonging first remission and, in transplant eligible patients, improving overall survival (OS) compared to observation. The ‘Myeloma XI’ trial, for newly diagnosed patients, aimed to evaluate whether the addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat to the lenalidomide maintenance backbone could improve outcomes further. Patients included in this analysis were randomised to maintenance therapy with lenalidomide alone (10 mg/day on days 1–21 of each 28‐day cycle), or in combination with vorinostat (300 mg/day on day 1–7 and 15–21 of each 28‐day cycle) with treatment continuing until unacceptable toxicity or progressive disease. There was no significant difference in median progression‐free survival between those receiving lenalidomide‐vorinostat or lenalidomide alone, 34 and 40 months respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.96–1.44, p = 0.109). There was also no significant difference in median OS, not estimable and 75 months respectively (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.76–1.29, p = 0.929). Subgroup analysis demonstrated no statistically significant heterogeneity in outcomes. Combination lenalidomide‐vorinostat appeared to be poorly tolerated with more dose modifications, fewer cycles of maintenance therapy delivered and higher rates of discontinuation due to toxicity than lenalidomide alone. The trial did not meet its primary end‐point, there was no benefit from the addition of vorinostat to lenalidomide maintenance.
Abacavir causes leukocyte/platelet crosstalk by activating neutrophil P2X7 receptors thus releasing soluble lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1
Authors: Blanch‐Ruíz Maria Amparo , Sánchez‐López Ainhoa , Ríos‐Navarro César , Ortega‐Luna Raquel , Collado‐Díaz Víctor , Orden Samuel , Martínez‐Cuesta María Angeles , Esplugues Juan V. , Álvarez Ángeles 
Published: December 2022

Background and PurposeAbacavir, an antiretroviral drug used in HIV therapy associated with myocardial infarction, promotes thrombosis through P2X7 receptors. The role of platelets as pro‐thrombotic cells is acknowledged whereas that of neutrophils—due to their secretory capacity—is gaining recognition. This study analyses the role of neutrophils—specifically the secretome of abacavir‐treated neutrophils (SNABC)—in platelet activation that precedes thrombosis.Experimental ApproachEffects of abacavir or SNABC on platelet activation and platelet–leukocyte interactions and expression of lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1) were analysed by flow cytometry. The secretome was analysed by proteomics. The role of leukocytes in the actions of abacavir was evaluated in a mouse model of thrombosis.Key ResultsAbacavir induced platelet–leukocyte interactions, not directly via effects of abacavir on platelets, but via activation of neutrophils, which triggered interactions between platelet P‐selectin and neutrophil P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1). SNABC stimulated platelet activation and platelet–leukocyte interactions through a process that was dependent on LOX‐1, neutrophil P2X7 and platelet P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1 receptors. Abacavir induced the expression of LOX‐1 on neutrophils and of the soluble form of LOX‐1 (sLOX‐1) in SNABC. Neutrophils, LOX‐1, P2X7, P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2X1 receptors were required for the pro‐thrombotic actions of abacavir in vivo.Conclusion and ImplicationsNeutrophils are target cells in abacavir‐induced thrombosis. Abacavir released sLOX‐1 from neutrophils via activation of their P2X7 receptors, which in turn activated platelets. Hence, sLOX‐1 could be the missing link in the cardiovascular risk associated with abacavir.
Constraints on the timing of the India‐Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen using detrital zircon U‐Pb‐Hf and whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopes in Cretaceous‐Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks
Authors: Feng Wei , Meng Qingquan , Song Chunhui , Fang Xiaomin , Zhuang Guangsheng , He Pengju , Yang Shufen , Zhang Jing , Chen Yongfa , Zhang Yihu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCretaceous‐Miocene sedimentary rocks in the Nepalese Lesser Himalaya provide an opportunity to decipher the timing of India‐Asia collision and unroofing history of the Himalayan orogen, which are significant for understanding the growth processes of the Himalayan‐Tibetan orogen. Our new data indicate that detrital zircon ages and whole‐rock Sr‐Nd isotopes in Cretaceous‐Miocene Lesser Himalayan sedimentary rocks underwent two significant changes. First, from the Upper Cretaceous‐Palaeocene Amile Formation to the Eocene Bhainskati Formation, the proportion of late Proterozoic‐early Palaeozoic zircons (quantified by an index of 500–1200 Ma/1600–2800 Ma) increased from nearly 0 to 0.7–1.4, and the percentage of Mesozoic zircons decreased from ca. 14% to 5–12%. The whole‐rock 87Sr/86Sr and εNd(t = 0) values changed markedly from 0.732139 and −17.2 for the Amile Formation to 0.718106 and −11.4 for the Bhainskati Formation. Second, from the Bhainskati Formation to the lower‐middle Miocene Dumri Formation, the index of 500–1200 Ma/1600–2800 Ma increased to 2.2–3.7 and the percentage of Mesozoic zircons abruptly decreased to nearly 0. The whole‐rock 87Sr/86Sr and εNd(t = 0) values changed significantly to 0.750124 and −15.8 for the Dumri Formation. The εHf(t) values of Early Cretaceous zircons in the Taltung Formation and Amile Formation plot in the U‐Pb‐εHf(t) field of Indian derivation, whereas εHf(t) values of Triassic‐Palaeocene zircons in the Bhainskati Formation demonstrate the arrival of Asian‐derived detritus in the Himalayan foreland basin in the Eocene based on available datasets. Our data indicate that (1) the timing of terminal India‐Asia collision was no later than the early‐middle Eocene in the central Himalaya, and (2) the Greater Himalaya served as a source for the Himalayan foreland basin by the early Miocene. When coupled with previous Palaeocene‐early Eocene provenance records of the Tethyan Himalaya, our new data challenge dual‐stage India‐Asia collision models, such as the Greater India Basin hypothesis and its variants and the arc–continent collision model.
Photobiomodulation in dental implant stability and post‐surgical healing and inflammation. A randomised double‐blind study
Authors: Camolesi Gisela C. V. , Somoza‐Martín José M. , Reboiras‐López Maria D. , Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Blanco‐Carrión Andrés , Pérez‐Sayáns Mario 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of diode laser photobiomodulation (PBM) on post‐surgical healing, inflammation and implant stability.MethodsForty dental implants were inserted into 13 patients. The implants were randomly divided into two groups. The test group (PBM+) underwent two sessions of PBM (combined diode laser of 630 and 808 nm), the first of which after surgery, and the second, 7 days after the surgical procedure. The control group (PBM−) received simulated laser treatment. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was determined immediately after the surgical procedure, and 7 days, 4 and 8 weeks later. Post‐surgical inflammation was assessed following the criteria described by Bloemen and Cols. Healing was calculated using the healing index (HI).ResultsNo differences were found in terms of the mean values of implant stability between the test and control groups over time. Only two of the implants (18.2%) from the PBM− group were classified with the maximum healing index (HI = 5), whereas in the PBM+ group, nine implants (45%) were classified with the aforementioned index (P < 0.0001). Using the logistic regression, it was determined that the non‐application of the laser in the PBM− group caused an OR of 4.333 times of presenting inflammation (IC95% 1.150–16.323;P = 0.030).ConclusionsThe application of 808 nm infra‐red laser for bone tissue, and 630 nm for mucosal tissue in two sessions is considered to be an effective way of reducing inflammation and improving early healing. More studies are needed to confirm these results.
Association of inflammatory markers with hearing loss in young adults
Authors: Shapira Udi , Ben Assayag Hadas , Ungar Omer J. , Handzel Ophir , Abu Eta Rani , Rogowski Ori , Zeltser David , Berliner Shlomo , Shenhar‐Tsarfaty Shani , Oron Yahav 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the correlation between inflammatory markers (IM) and hearing loss (HL) in a large cohort of apparently healthy individuals.DesignA cross sectional study.SettingTel‐Aviv Medical Center (a tertiary referral center) Inflammatory Survey Participants Individuals who attended the Tel‐Aviv Medical Center Inflammatory Survey (TAMCIS) for a routine annual health check.ResultsOut of 2,500 individuals included in the final study cohort, 1,170 (47.3%) had some hearing impairment. Those with a hearing loss in 1 or both ears had significantly higher levels of neutrophils, lymphocytes, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and red blood cell counts. There was a difference between low‐ and high‐ frequencies losses associated with the inflammatory status.ConclusionsIM levels were associated with the presence of a HL, supporting a link between inflammatory changes and hearing loss.
Post‐Sovietfire and grazing regimes govern the abundance of a key ecosystem engineer on the Eurasian steppe, the yellow ground squirrelSpermophilus fulvus
Authors: Koshkina Alyona , Freitag Martin , Grigoryeva Irina , Hölzel Norbert , Stirnemann Ingrid , Velbert Frederike , Kamp Johannes 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimGrazing intensity and fire patterns across the Eurasian steppes have changed dramatically over the past decades due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and Kazakhstan is now a global fire hotspot. The implications of these changes for ecosystem functioning are largely unclear. We aimed to understand the effects of changed grazing intensity and fire frequency on a key ecosystem engineer, the yellow ground squirrelSpermophilus fulvus, on a very large scale.LocationKazakhstan.MethodsGround squirrels were surveyed in an area of ca. 100,000 ha in the dry steppe of central Kazakhstan, using hierarchical distance sampling at more than 200 random points, stratified by fire frequency and livestock grazing intensity. We modelled abundance as a function of different variables, grouped at the landscape scale (fire and grazing), meso‐scale (soil and vegetation structure) and at burrow scale (plant traits such as palatability, digestibility and nutrient content).ResultsGround squirrels prefer areas of a high wormwood cover (Artemisiaspp.) and high plant species richness, which are moderately grazed, preferably by cattle, with only rare fire occurrence. High squirrel densities were also related to the availability of nitrogen‐rich plants of high nutritional value for herbivores.Main ConclusionsYellow ground squirrels seem to reach their density optima by balancing trade‐offs between optimal foraging in areas of short, nutrient‐rich vegetation and a good visibility of approaching predators. Post‐Soviet changes in grazing pressure, resulting in higher fire recurrence rates due to grass encroachment and litter accumulation (i.e. fuel for wildfire), have likely affected the abundance of burrowing mammals and associated biodiversity across huge parts of the Eurasian steppes and semideserts.
Let there be light: Daylight saving time and road traffic collisions
Authors: James Jonathan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of daylight saving time (DST) on fatal road crashes in Australia. I exploit within year transitions to and from DST in a regression discontinuity in time framework. To examine the long run effect of the policy, I use trials of DST implemented in various states, and a DST extension due to the Sydney Olympics. Neither the transition to or out of DST, nor the long run effects of DST have an impact on fatalities on the road. However, there is evidence of reallocation of accidents over the day due to ambient light.
The performance of inferior alveolar nerve block technique among undergraduate students
Authors: Alsaegh Mohammed Amjed , Azzawi Amna Dafer Al , Marouf Bothaina Khalid Al 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsThis study aimed at evaluating the ability to feel bone touch, positive aspirations, and frequency of the success rate during the direct inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) among dental students.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study involved 203 cases of IANB injections for patients requiring extraction of mandibular posterior teeth who visited student dental clinics at Ajman University, Fujairah Campus. Students' performance of direct IANB including ability to perceive bone touch, frequency of positive aspirations, and success rate were reported.ResultsStudents reported feeling bone contact in 148 (72.9%), 43 (21.2%), and 12 (5.9%) of the first, second, and third attempts during the IANB, respectively. Positive aspiration was found in 46 (22.7%) of the injections. The success was in 195 (96.1%) of the total injections. Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated that there was no significant correlation between the success rate and the result of aspiration (rho = .054, p = .440). Additionally, there was no correlation between attempts to touch the bone and the outcome of the aspiration (rho = −.091, p = .198) or success rate (rho = −.083, p = .240).ConclusionThere is a relatively high success rate of direct IANB technique among dental students. This confirms the inclusion of this technique in the curriculum. Furthermore, the high rate of positive aspiration reflects the awareness and competency of dental students with the aspiration technique. In turn, this will reduce the failure of anaesthesia and the subsequent systemic complications.
Legacy of past exposure to hypoxia and warming regulates an ecosystem service provided by oysters
Authors: Donelan Sarah C. , Ogburn Matthew B. , Breitburg Denise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change is having substantial impacts on organism fitness and ability to deliver critical ecosystem services, but these effects are often examined only in response to current environments. Past exposure to stress can also affect individuals via carryover effects, and whether these effects scale from individuals to influence ecosystem function and services is unknown. We explored within‐generation carryover effects of two coastal climate change stressors—hypoxia and warming—on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) growth and nitrogen bioassimilation, an important ecosystem service. Oysters were exposed to a factorial combination of two temperature and two diel‐cycling dissolved oxygen treatments at 3‐months‐old and again 1 year later. Carryover effects of hypoxia and warming influenced oyster growth and nitrogen storage in complex and context‐dependent ways. When operating, carryover effects of single stressors generally reduced oyster nitrogen bioassimilation and relative investment in tissue versus shell growth, particularly in warm environments, while early life exposure to multiple stressors generally allowed oysters to perform as well as control oysters. When extrapolated to the reef scale, carryover effects decreased nitrogen stored by modeled oyster reefs in most conditions, with reductions as large as 41%, a substantial decline in a critical ecosystem service. In some scenarios, however, carryover effects increased nitrogen storage by modeled oyster reefs, again highlighting the complexity of these effects. Hence, even brief exposure to climate change stressors early in life may have persistent effects on an ecosystem service 1 year later. Our results show for the first time that within‐generation carryover effects on individual phenotypes can impact processes at the ecosystem scale and may therefore be an overlooked factor determining ecosystem service delivery in response to anthropogenic change.
Is monitoring of gastric residual volume for critically ill patients with enteral nutrition necessary? A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Feng Limei , Chen Judi , Xu Qin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThere are many controversies over the necessity of monitoring gastric residual volume in the nursing care of enteral nutrition. We aimed to conduct an updated meta‐analysis to evaluate the effects of monitoring or not monitoring gastric residual volume on patients' outcomes and complications.MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library database to 15 April 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of gastric residual volume and no gastric residual volume monitoring. Review Manager software was used for data analysis.ResultsA total of seven RCTs involving 1240 enteral nutrition patients were included. Gastric residual volume monitoring was associated with reduced incidence of vomiting (OR2.33, 95% CI:1.68–3.24), whereas no gastric residual volume monitoring was associated with reduced incidence of unnecessary interruptions of enteral nutrition (OR0.38,95% CI:0.26–0.55). There were no significant differences on the incidence of abdominal distention (OR1.87, 95% CI:0.82–4.28), diarrhoea (OR1.03,95% CI:0.74–1.43), VAP (OR0.83, 95%CI:0.37–1.89), duration of mechanical ventilation (MD −0.06,95% CI:−1.22–1.10), length of ICU stay (MD −1.33, 95% CI:−3.58–0.91) and mortality (OR0.90,95% CI:0.61–1.34).ConclusionsNot monitoring gastric residual volume is associated with reduced unnecessary interruptions of enteral nutrition related to inadequate feeding and increased risk of vomiting.