bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current practices in nutrition therapy in cardiac surgery patients: An international multicenter observational study
Authors: Stoppe Christian , Dresen Ellen , Wendt Sebastian , Elke Gunnar , Patel Jayshil J. , McKeever Liam , Chourdakis Michael , McDonald Bernard , Meybohm Patrick , Lindner Matthias , Arora Rakesh C. , O'Brien Ben , von Dossow Vera , Efremov Sergey , Lomivorotov Vladimir , Compher Charlene , Yaung Jill , Imai Taryne , Nurok Michael , Ho Andrea , von Loeffelholz Christian , Hing Foong Pui , Jiang Xuran , Heyland Daren K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiac surgery patients with a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk for acquired malnutrition. Medical nutrition therapy practices for cardiac surgery patients are unknown. The objective of this study is to describe the current nutrition practices in critically ill cardiac surgery patients worldwide.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study in 13 international ICUs involving mechanically ventilated cardiac surgery patients with an ICU stay of at least 72 h. Collected data included the energy and protein prescription, type of and time to the initiation of nutrition, and actual quantity of energy and protein delivered (maximum: 12 days).ResultsAmong 237 enrolled patients, enteral nutrition (EN) was started, on average, 45 h after ICU admission (range, 0–277 h; site average, 53 [range, 10–79 h]). EN was prescribed for 187 (79%) patients and combined EN and parenteral nutrition in 33 (14%). Overall, patients received 44.2% (0.0%–117.2%) of the prescribed energy and 39.7% (0.0%–122.8%) of the prescribed protein. At a site level, the average nutrition adequacy was 47.5% (30.5%–78.6%) for energy and 43.6% (21.7%–76.6%) for protein received from all nutrition sources.ConclusionCritically ill cardiac surgery patients with prolonged ICU stay experience significant delays in starting EN and receive low levels of energy and protein. There exists tremendous variability in site performance, whereas achieving optimal nutrition performance is doable.
Expression level of serummiR‐374a‐5p in patients with acute pancreatitis and its effect on viability, apoptosis, and inflammatory factors of pancreatic acinar cells induced by cerulein
Authors: Wang Fu‐Jun , Mei Xue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the life‐threatening diseases of the digestive system. MicroRNA has been asserted to be a regulator of AP. This paper explored the miR‐374a‐5p expression in AP patients and investigated the efficacy of AR42J cells. In this study, 60 healthy people, 58 MAP patients and 58 SAP patients were included, and the serum miR‐374a‐5p levels of the subjects were detected by RT‐qPCR technology. The pancreatitis cell model was structured by stimulating AR42J cells with cerulein. Next, cell viability and apoptosis were detected by CCK‐8 assay and flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of cytokines, such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β. The data showed that miR‐374a‐5p was downregulated in samples from AP patients, while showing discriminative power for AP populations. Attenuated miR‐374a‐5p were negatively bound up with patients' Ranson score and APACHE II score. Besides, miR‐374a‐5p was declined in cerulein‐treated AR42J cells and forced elevation of miR‐374a‐5p was beneficial to increase cell viability, and inhibit cell apoptosis and inflammation. The present study found that miR‐374a‐5p was reduced in AP serum samples, and up‐regulated expression level of miR‐374a‐5p in cell models had a protective effect on cerulein‐induced inhibition of cell function and inflammatory response.
Upper Airway Disease in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis in the Era of CFTR Modulators
Authors: Uyttebroek Saartje , Dupont Lieven , Jorissen Mark , Van Gerven Laura 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is prevalent in people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) and is often refractory to treatments. Uncontrolled CRS might negatively impact the lower airways and the quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the burden of cystic fibrosis (CF)‐related CRS in the era of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators.MethodsAdult PwCF were asked to fill in a questionnaire on sinonasal complaints, they underwent a nasal endoscopy, bacteriological sampling, and a CT scan. Afterwards, these outcome measures were compared between patients treated with and without modulators.ResultsIn the 122 included patients, CRS was present in 83%. CFTR modulators were prescribed in 48% of the patients, with a median of 10 months since the start of the treatment. Subjectively, the median SNOT‐22 score was 16/110. Objectively, a median Lund‐Kennedy score of 6/12 and modified Lund‐Mackay score of 10/24 were observed. No correlation could be found between SNOT‐22 score and other outcome measures including endoscopy and radiology. Altogether, 21% of the patients had controlled disease. When comparing patients treated with and without modulators, significantly lower CT scores (p = 0.0018) and less bacterial colonization (p = 0.0082) were observed in patients receiving modulators.ConclusionCF‐CRS is highly prevalent in our cohort and only the minority of PwCF has a well‐controlled disease. A multidisciplinary ENT‐pneumology clinic would be beneficial, as there is a high discrepancy between patient‐reported symptoms and the extent of the disease. CFTR modulators are promising, as lower CT scores and less bacterial colonization were observed in the modulator group.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 133:2898–2909, 2023
Free‐Form Micro‐Optics Enabling Ultra‐Broadband Low‐Loss Off‐Chip Coupling
Authors: Yu Shaoliang , Ranno Luigi , Du Qingyang , Serna Samuel , McDonough Colin , Fahrenkopf Nicholas , Gu Tian , Hu Juejun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfficient fiber‐to‐chip coupling has been a major hurdle to cost‐effective packaging and scalable interconnections of photonic integrated circuits. Conventional photonic packaging methods relying on edge or grating coupling are constrained by high insertion losses, limited bandwidth density, narrow band operation, and sensitivity to misalignment. This work presents a new fiber‐to‐chip coupling scheme based on free‐form reflective micro‐optics. A design approach which simplifies the high‐dimensional free‐form optimization problem to as few as two full‐wave simulations is implemented to empower computationally efficient design of high‐performance free‐form reflectors while capitalizing on the expanded geometric degrees of freedom. This work demonstrates fiber array coupling to waveguides taped out through a standard foundry shuttle run and backend integrated with 3‐D printed micro‐optics. A low coupling loss down to 0.5 dB is experimentally measured at 1550 nm wavelength with a record 1‐dB bandwidth of 300 nm spanning O to U bands. The coupling scheme further affords large alignment tolerance, high bandwidth density, and solder reflow compatibility, qualifying it as a promising optical packaging solution for applications such as wavelength division multiplexing communications, broadband spectroscopic sensing, and nonlinear optical signal processing.
Technical note on the determination of degradation rates of biodegradable magnesium implants
Authors: Zeller‐Plumhoff Berit , Helmholz Heike , Feyerabend Frank , Dose Thomas , Wilde Fabian , Hipp Alexander , Beckmann Felix , Willumeit‐Römer Regine , Hammel Jörg U. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMagnesium‐based alloys are emerging as a capable alternative to traditional materials for bone implant applications. The implant's degradation rate is the main indicator of their performance; however, different formulas have been reported to determine it based on three‐dimensional imaging. In this technical note, we are presenting the deviation in the degradation rate determined by different equations for two sets of data and the implications for the comparison of different studies.
Recent Developments in Additive Manufacturing of Conductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Blachowicz Tomasz , Ehrmann Guido , Ehrmann Andrea 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing, also named 3D printing, can be used to create objects from diverse polymers, metals, and other materials in diverse shapes and dimensions. If special physical or chemical properties are necessitated, using corresponding feedstock enables varying such properties in a broad range. Besides choosing a suitable base material, often composite materials are used for specific applications. Here, an overview of recent developments in 3D printing of polymer composites with conductive properties is given. After a definition of conductivity ranges and the respective potential applications, additive manufacturing methods applicable for these polymer composites as well as potential resistivity or resistance measurement methods are reported. An overview of the most recent reports of 3D printing polymer composites with different conductive fillers is followed by a summary of the applications found in the recent literature.
Application of synthetic data in the training of artificial intelligence for automated quality assurance in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tracey John , Moss Laura , Ashmore Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging scanner faults can be missed during routine quality assurance (QA) if they are subtle, intermittent, or the test being performed is insensitive to the type of fault. Coil element malfunction is a common fault within MRI scanners, which may go undetected for quite some time. Consequently, this may lead to poor image quality and the potential for misdiagnoses.PurposeDaily QA typically consists of an automated signal to noise ratio test and in some instances this test is insensitive to coil element malfunction. Instead of relying on daily QA testing, it was proposed to utilize patient images in conjunction with a trained neural network to detect coil element malfunction, even when it presents as a very subtle defect. The advantage to using patient images over phantom testing is real‐time monitoring can be achieved. This allows clinical staff to focus more on patient throughput without being burdened by daily testing.MethodsA neural network was trained using simulated coil failure in 3958 abdominal or pelvic images from 497 patients. The accuracy of the trained network was then tested on an unseen dataset of 109 images from which 44 patients which had coil element malfunction present. Five MRI radiographers were shown 249 images with and without real coil malfunction to assess their accuracy compared to the neural network in identifying the scanner fault.ResultsThe neural network achieved an accuracy of 91.74% in identifying coil element malfunction in the unseen data. Radiographers tasked with identifying coil element malfunction had an average accuracy of 59.99%. In the same test case, the neural network outperformed all radiographers with an accuracy of 91.56%.ConclusionThis work demonstrates that neural networks trained with artificial data can successfully identify MRI scanner coil element malfunction in clinical images. The method provided better accuracy than MRI radiographers (technologists) at identifying coil element malfunction and highlights the potential utility of AI methods as an alternative to support traditional QA. Further, our methodology of training neural networks with simulated data could potentially identify other faults, allowing centers to produce robust fault detection systems with minimal data.
Elastoplastic augmented virtual internal bond modeling for rock: A fracture‐plasticity combined constitutive model
Authors: Wei Xuanchun , Zhao Bing , Ji Cheng , Liu Zihan , Zhang Zhennan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the ultra‐deep reservoir or other deep‐buried subsurface engineering, the in situ stress is high enough to make the rock transition from the brittle to the plastic. In such situation, the fracturing process always goes with the plastic deformation together. Therefore, to develop an elastoplastic constitutive model which can simultaneously account for both fracture and plastic deformation is critically important. In this paper, an elastoplastic augmented virtual internal bond (EP‐AVIB) model is developed. In EP‐AVIB, a hyperelastic AVIB is developed to characterize the elastic deformation of rock, in which the micro bond is linear elastic in compression whereas is hyperelastic in tension. The Drucker‐Prager yield criterion is employed to characterize the plastic deformation. Thus, the EP‐AVIB can combine the fracture and plastic deformation together. The simulation examples show that the EP‐AVIB can simulate the elastoplastic mechanical behaviors and the fracturing process of rock subjected to compression. It provides a simple approach to the elastoplastic failure simulation of rock. Its perspective in deep reservoir and deep‐buried subsurface engineering simulation should be inspiring.
Synthesis and characterization of novel epoxy‐urethane coating and its graphene nanocomposites
Authors: Hosseini Seyedeh Razieh , Alavi Nikje Mir Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpoxy polymers have good mechanical and thermal properties, high chemical resistance, and high adhesion properties; however, their brittleness limits their applications. Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was epoxidized and used to produce the initial epoxy‐urethane polymer as a polyol, including epoxy rings. The initial epoxy‐urethane polymer was added to epoxy resin to improve its thermal and mechanical properties. The epoxy‐urethane polymers nanocomposites were prepared using graphene nanoplatelets at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 wt% concentrations. The polymers were characterized afterward. The thermal properties were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis; and mechanical properties were determined through dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile test. The morphology of the samples was studied using atomic force microscope (AFM) images. Thermal stability was enhanced in synthesized epoxy‐urethane by about 11°C compared to pristine epoxy resin. The obtained results from DMTA and DSC experiments demonstrated that the glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased in epoxy urethane polymers. The results indicated that the decrease of Young's modulus led to a good flexibility in obtained epoxy‐urethane as the coating material. Finally, and based on AFM images, the surface roughness was increased in the prepared samples.
Metal–Organic Frameworks‐Based Nanoplatforms for the Theranostic Applications of Neurological Diseases
Authors: Niu Huicong , Bu Hui , Zhao Jing , Zhu Yufang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNeurological diseases are the foremost cause of disability and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Owing to the special microenvironment of neural tissues and biological characteristics of neural cells, a considerable number of neurological disorders are currently incurable. In the past few years, the development of nanoplatforms based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has broadened opportunities for offering sensitive diagnosis/monitoring and effective therapy of neurology‐related diseases. In this article, the obstacles for neurotherapeutics, including delayed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB), off‐target treatment, irrepressible inflammatory storm/oxidative stress, and irreversible nerve cell death are summarized. Correspondingly, MOFs‐based diagnostic/monitoring strategies such as neuroimaging and biosensors (electrochemistry, fluorometry, colorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, etc.) and MOFs‐based therapeutic strategies including higher BBB permeability, targeting specific lesion sites, attenuation of neuroinflammation/oxidative stress as well as regeneration of nerve cells, are extensively highlighted for the management of neurological diseases. Finally, the challenges of the present research from perspective of clinical translation are discussed, hoping to facilitate interdisciplinary studies at the intersections between MOFs‐based nanoplatforms and neurotheranostics.
Ultrasound‐Driven Injectable and Fully Biodegradable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Meng Xiangchun , Kim Dabin , Jeon Sera , Park Byung‐Joon , Cho Daniel Sanghyun , Lee Dong‐Min , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractImplantable medical devices (IMDs) provide practical approaches to monitor physiological parameters, diagnose diseases, and aid treatment. However, device installation, maintenance, and long‐term implantation increase the risk of infection with conventional IMDs. Therefore, medical devices with biocompatibility, controllability, and miniaturization are highly demandable. An ultrasound‐driven, biodegradable, and injectable triboelectric nanogenerator (I‐TENG) is demonstrated to reduce the risks of implant‐related injuries and infections. The injection can be given by subcutaneous injection with a needle to minimize the implantation incision. The stable output of I‐TENG is driven by ultrasound (20 kHz, 1 W cm−2), with a voltage of 356.8 mV and current of 1.02 µA during in vivo studies and an electric field of about 0.92 V mm−1 during ex vivo experiments. The cell scratch and proliferation assays showed that the delivered electric field effectively increased cell migration and proliferation, indicating a significant potential to accelerate healing with electricity.
Evaluation of veterinary students’ confidence and competence with surgical entrustable professional activities after repeated use of low‐fidelity training models
Authors: Thompson Jamie‐Leigh , MacKay Jill , Bowlt Blacklock Kelly 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate whether low‐fidelity surgical training models increased veterinary students’ surgical confidence and competence and decreased procedural stress related to core surgical entrustable professional activities (EPAs).MethodsFinal‐year veterinary students repeatedly performed one of three surgical EPAs on a low‐fidelity surgical training model (canine castration, subcutaneous lump removal and eyelid laceration repair) and completed a survey at set time points. In addition, a grading rubric was used to assess participants' competence in performing the assigned EPA at two different time points. Survey results and competency gradings were compiled and analysed.ResultsStudents’ self‐assessed confidence significantly increased, and stress significantly decreased, between assessment points on all three EPA surgical training models. Graded competence significantly improved between the assessment points on all training models, and most students deemed the models to be realistic and helpful for student practices.LimitationsLimitations relate to the study involving a single cohort from a single institute and the reliance on student self‐assessment.ConclusionsRepeated exposure to low‐fidelity surgical training models increased final‐year students’ surgical confidence and competence and reduced procedural stress related to three key surgical EPAs. Assessment of competence using a grading rubric was successful and could be incorporated into a competence‐based veterinary education assessment framework to allow screening of competence prior to graduation.
Use of18F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging thyroid carcinoma in a cat
Authors: Kang Seonggweon , Koo Yoonhoi , Yun Taesik , Chae Yeon , Lee Dohee , Kim Hakhyun , Yang Mhan‐Pyo , Kang Byeong‐Teck 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThyroid nodules are common in older cats and are mostly benign; however, carcinomas may occur infrequently. In cats, thyroid carcinomas tend to be highly metastatic. The role of18F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐D‐glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in human thyroid carcinoma has been well established. However, guidelines have not yet been established for veterinary medicine. Metastasis assessment has typically been performed using CT in veterinary medicine; however, it is poorly sensitive in detecting regional lymph nodes or distant metastases if these lesions are not abnormally contrast‐enhanced, enlarged or cause overt mass effects. This case suggested that FDG PET/CT may be used for staging feline thyroid carcinoma, and the results contributed to treatment recommendations.
A Second Look at DNS QNAME Minimization
Authors: Magnusson Jonathan , Müller Moritz , Brunstrom Anna , Pulls Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical Internet infrastructure that translates human-readable domain names to IP addresses. It was originally designed over 35 years ago and multiple enhancements have since then been made, in particular to make DNS lookups more secure and privacy preserving. Query name minimization () was initially introduced in 2016 to limit the exposure of queries sent across DNS and thereby enhance privacy. In this paper, we take a look at the adoption of , building upon and extending measurements made by De Vries et al. in 2018. We analyze adoption on the Internet using active measurements both on resolvers used by RIPE Atlas probes and on open resolvers. Aside from adding more vantage points when measuring adoption on open resolvers, we also increase the number of repetitions, which reveals conflicting resolvers – resolvers that support for some queries but not for others. For the passive measurements at root and Top-Level Domain (TLD) name servers, we extend the analysis over a longer period of time, introduce additional sources, and filter out non-valid queries. Furthermore, our controlled experiments measure performance and result quality of newer versions of the -enabled open source resolvers used in the previous study, with the addition of PowerDNS. Our results, using extended methods from previous work, show that the adoption of has significantly increased since 2018. New controlled experiments also show a trend of higher number of packets used by resolvers and lower error rates in the DNS queries. Since is a balance between performance and privacy, we further discuss the depth limit of minimizing labels and propose the use of a public suffix list for setting this limit.
How Ready is DNS for an IPv6-Only World?
Authors: Streibelt Florian , Sattler Patrick , Lichtblau Franziska , Gañán Carlos H. , Feldmann Anja , Gasser Oliver , Fiebig Tobias 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDNS is one of the core building blocks of the Internet. In this paper, we investigate DNS resolution in a strict IPv6-only scenario and find that a substantial fraction of zones cannot be resolved. We point out, that the presence of an resource record for a zone’s nameserver does not necessarily imply that it is resolvable in an IPv6-only environment since the full DNS delegation chain must resolve via IPv6 as well. Hence, in an IPv6-only setting zones may experience an effect similar to what is commonly referred to as lame delegation.Our longitudinal study shows that the continuing centralization of the Internet has a large impact on IPv6 readiness, i.e., a small number of large DNS providers has, and still can, influence IPv6 readiness for a large number of zones. A single operator that enabled IPv6 DNS resolution–by adding IPv6 glue records–was responsible for around 20.3% of all zones in our dataset not resolving over IPv6 until January 2017. Even today, 10% of DNS operators are responsible for more than 97.5% of all zones that do not resolve using IPv6 .