bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Fe‐doped Transition Metal Phosphides using Ionic Liquid as Precursor for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Yage , Wang Ming , Li Tianhao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor electrocatalysts in water splitting, activity and stability is at high are pivotal current density. Thus, transition metal phosphides were prepared using ionic liquid as precursor on nickel foam, where Fe was doped and this catalyst was covered by carbon. This Fe‐CoNiP−C/NF exhibits excellent OER activity, which only needs overpotentials of 355 and 424 mV to reach the current densities of 50 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. Moreover, it obtains a good stability for more than 30 hours at 100 mA cm−2. Experimental results demonstrate part of this TMPs‐based catalyst is oxidized to metal oxyhydroxide species after phosphidation, which can significantly improve the activity for OER. Also, the low Fe doping and outer carbon enhance the OER activity and stability.
Prospective assessment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosis from endoscopic ultrasonography images with the assistance of deep learning
Authors: Gu Jionghui , Pan Jinhua , Hu Jiayu , Dai Lulu , Zhang Ke , Wang Baohua , He Mengna , Zhao Qiyu , Jiang Tianan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundEndosonographers are highly dependent on the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The objectives of this study were to develop a deep‐learning radiomics (DLR) model based on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images for identifying PDAC and to explore its true clinical benefit.MethodsA retrospective data set of EUS images that included PDAC and benign lesions was used as a training cohort (N = 368 patients) to develop the DLR model, and a prospective data set was used as a test cohort (N = 123 patients) to validate the effectiveness of the DLR model. In addition, seven endosonographers performed two rounds of reader studies on the test cohort with or without DLR assistance to further assess the clinical applicability and true benefits of the DLR model.ResultsIn the prospective test cohort, DLR exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.936 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.889–0.976) with a sensitivity of 0.831 (95% CI, 0.746–0.913) and 0.904 (95% CI, 0.820–0.980), respectively. With DLR assistance, the overall diagnostic performance of the seven endosonographers improved: one endosonographer achieved a significant expansion of specificity (p = .035,) and another achieved a significant increase in sensitivity (p = .038). In the junior endosonographer group, the diagnostic performance with the help of the DLR was higher than or comparable to that of the senior endosonographer group without DLR assistance.ConclusionsA prospective test cohort validated that the DLR model based on EUS images effectively identified PDAC. With the assistance of this model, the gap between endosonographers at different levels of experience narrowed, and the accuracy of endosonographers expanded.
Neural correlates of sleep‐induced benefits on traumatic memory processing
Authors: Gvozdanovic Geraldine , Schoch Sarah , Stämpfli Philipp , Seifritz Erich , Rasch Björn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent findings indicate that sleep after trauma compared to sleep loss inhibits intrusive memory development, possibly by promoting adequate memory consolidation and integration. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we examined the neural correlates underlying the effects of sleep on traumatic memory development in 110 healthy participants using a trauma film paradigm and an implicit memory task with fMRI recordings in a between‐subjects design. To further facilitate memory integration, we used targeted memory reactivation (TMR) to reactivate traumatic memories during sleep. We found that sleep (i.e., nap) compared to wakefulness reduced the number of intrusive traumatic memories for the experimental trauma groups. TMR during sleep only descriptively reduced the intrusions further. On the level of brain activity, increased activity in the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex and precuneus was found in the experimental trauma group compared to the control group after wakefulness. After sleep, on the other hand, these findings could not be found in the experimental trauma groups compared to the control group. Sleep compared to wakefulness increased activity in the cerebellum, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala during implicit retrieval of trauma memories in the experimental trauma groups. Activity in the hippocampus and the amygdala predicted subsequent intrusions. Results demonstrate the beneficial behavioral and neural effects of sleep after experimental trauma and provide indications for early neural predictor factors. This study has implications for understanding the important role of sleep for personalized treatment and prevention in posttraumatic stress disorder.
The influence of thermal barrier coating on an LHR engine fueled by soybean biodiesel blended with various additive spectrums: Performance, combustion, and emission analysis
Authors: Samuelraj D. , Harish Venu , Jaichandar S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe novelty of this research work deals with green synthesized nanoadditives (5% of graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black), oxygenated additives (5% of n‐butanol, n‐heptane, and n‐pentanol), and then the test fuels are prepared by blending of 20% of soybean biodiesel and 70%, 80%, and 100% of premium diesel. The experimental outcomes revealed that the Nickel Chromium Aluminum (NiCrAl‐120 micron), partially stabilized zirconia, and titanium dioxide ceramic composites at about 400 microns achieve the thermal barrier coat of low heat rejection (LHR) engine parts by the air‐plasma spray method. Compared with Blend B, green synthesized carbon black (5%), premium diesel (70%), and n‐pentanol (5%) mixed soybean biodiesel (20%) fuel (Blend E) tested on the LHR engine achieved 4.90% higher brake thermal efficiency and 25.31% lower brake‐specific fuel consumption at peak load owing to the presence of an oxygenated agent (n‐pentanol) in the fuel blend, which minimizes carbon deposition. The carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, NOx, and smoke emissions were reduced by 25.58%, 29.41%, 5.06%, and 7.75% when compared to Blend B at peak load. Then, the in‐cylinder pressure and heat release rate were found to be 4.52% and 8.87% higher for Blend E at peak load compared to Blend B. This was because the mix of oxygenated additive and carbon black bio‐based nanofuels made the combustion process go faster. These fuel blends were tested on LHR diesel engines at various load conditions.
Ultra‐widefield and high‐speed spiral laser scanning OR‐PAM: System development and characterization
Authors: Zafar Mohsin , Manwar Rayyan , McGuire Laura S. , Charbel Fady T. , Avanaki Kamran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a high‐resolution imaging modality that has been mainly implemented with small field of view applications. Here, we developed a fast PAM system that utilizes a unique spiral laser scanning mechanism and a wide acoustic detection unit. The developed system can image an area of 12.5 cm2 in 6.4 s. The system has been characterized using highly detailed phantoms. Finally, the imaging capabilities of the system were further demonstrated by imaging a sheep brain ex vivo and a rat brain in vivo.
Ultrasensitive detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen using surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy‐based lateral flow immunosensor
Authors: Lai Shuxia , Liu Yi , Fang Shubin , Wu Qiong , Fan Min , Lin Duo , Lin Jizhen , Feng Shangyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fast spread and transmission of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) has become one of serious global public health problems. Herein, a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy‐based lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was developed for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen. Using uniquely designed core–shell nanoparticle with embedded Raman probe molecules as the indicator to reveal the concentration of target protein, excellent quantitative performance with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 ng/mL and detection range of 10–1000 ng/mL can be achieved within 15 min. Besides, the detection of spiked virus protein in human saliva was also performed with a portable Raman spectrometer, proposing the feasibility of the method in practical applications. This easy‐to‐use, rapid and accurate method would provide a point‐of‐care testing way as the ideal alternative for current detection requirement of virus‐related biomarkers.
Chromoionophoric probe‐anchored mesoporous silica nanospheres for rapid and reliable naked‐eye detection of Ni(II) ions in petroleum products and removal from electroplating wastewater
Authors: Al‐bonayan Ameena M. , Alamrani Nasser A. , Ibarhiam Saham F. , Alorabi Ali Q. , Abumelha Hana M. , Habeebullah Turki M. , El‐Metwaly Nashwa M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the expansion of an optical, chemical sensor that can rapidly and reliably detect, quantify, and remove Ni(II) ions in oil products and electroplating wastewater sources. The sensor is based on mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) that have an extraordinary surface area, uniform surface morphology, and capacious porosity, making them an excellent substrate for the anchoring of the chromoionophoic probe,3′‐{(1E,1′ E)‐[(4‐chloro‐1,2 phenylene)bis (azaneylylidene)]‐bis(methaneylylidene)}bis(2‐hydroxybenzoic acid) (CPAMHP). The CPAMHP probe is highly selective and sensitive to Ni(II), enabling it to be used in naked‐eye colorimetric recognition of Ni(II) ions. The MSNs provide several accessible exhibited sites for uniform anchoring of CPAMHP probe molecules, making it a viable chemical sensor even with the use of naked‐eye sensing. The surface characters and structural analysis of the MSNs and CPAMHP sensor samples were examined using various techniques. The CPAMHP probe‐anchored MSNs exhibit a clear and vivid color shift from pale yellow to green upon exposure to various concentrations of Ni(II) ions, with a reaction time down to approximately 1 minute. Furthermore, the MSNs can serve as a base to retrieve extremely trace amounts of Ni(II) ions, making the CPAMHP sensor a dual‐functional device. The calculated limit of recognition for Ni(II) ions using the fabricated CPAMHP sensor samples is 0.318 ppb (5.43 × 10−9 M). The results suggest that the proposed sensor is a promising tool for the sensitive and reliable detection of Ni(II) ions in petroleum products and for removing Ni(II) ions in electroplating wastewater; the data indicate an excellent removal of Ni (II) up to 96.8%, highlighting the high accuracy and precision of our CPAMHP sensor.
United Kingdom artificial nutrition database: The changing landscape of adult home parenteral support
Authors: Naghibi Mani , Toskas Alex , Willsmore James , Smith Trevor , Hughes Sarah J. , Gabe Simon ,   and the British Artificial Nutrition Survey Committee
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe United Kingdom nutrition database monitors the changing landscape of adult home parenteral nutrition support (HPS) to inform clinicians and policy makers of the need for this life‐saving treatment.MethodsThe UK database is administered by the British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Data for home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has been collected since 2005 and home intravenous fluids (HIVFs) since 2011. During this study the reporting of data to the database by healthcare workers has been voluntary. Data were analyzed using linear regression.ResultsA threefold increase of new registrations for patients receiving HPS was noted on this 10‐year period, with a notable increase in the number of patients with advanced malignancy supported with HPS. Crohn's disease and short bowel syndrome were the leading causes for both HPN and HIVF use in the UK. A statistically significant increase in older (P < 0.001) and less independent patients using HPS was noted.ConclusionThe prevalence of HPS is steadily increasing in size with the broadening of its acceptable performance status. The launch of the Intestinal Failure Registry and mandatory registration will increase accuracy in data reporting.
Chemiewettbewerbe: Wie Urin die Welt ernährt
Authors: Blicker Luca 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFür den Wettbewerb Chemplant entwickelten Studierendengruppen Konzepte und Verfahren, die Phosphor zurückgewinnen. Bei Chemcar triumphierten nicht die schnellsten Autos, sondern solche, die eine bestimmte Strecke fahren und dann von selbst bremsen. Bonuspunkte gab es für clevere und sichere Ideen.
Didaktik: NMR‐Spektroskopie in der Lehramtsausbildung
Authors: Emmert Marcel , Fuhr Viktoria , Geidel Ekkehard 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFür Praktikumsversuche ist kein teures 400‐MHz‐NMR‐Spektrometer erforderlich. 60‐MHz‐Tischgeräte sind robust und genau genug, um Studierende biotechnische Prozesse wie die alkoholische Gärung verfolgen oder Getränke analysieren zu lassen.
Bilanz Bayer 2022: Landwirtschaft boomte
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBayer ist vor allem mit dem Agrargeschäft im Jahr 2022 zufrieden. Der Konzern setzte zudem mit rezeptpflichtigen wie ‐freien Mitteln mehr um. Im Verfahrenskomplex zu Glyphosat hat der Konzern die letzten sechs Prozesse gewonnen.
Bilanz Sanofi 2022: Mehr Zulassungen, weniger Emissionen
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDas französische Pharmaunternehmen Sanofi hat im Jahr 2022 mehr umgesetzt und mehr für Forschung ausgegeben als im Jahr zuvor. Mehrere neue Arzneien wurden zugelassen. Bei der Produktion sollen weniger klimaschädliche Emissionen entstehen.
Farbtrends: Kohlegrau mit Rötlichkeit
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWer fürchtet, bald nur noch grau zu sehen, dem lässt sich die Angst mit Gravatar nehmen. Der leuchtend gelbe Farbton könnte bald Europas Straßen prägen. In der Wohnung ist dagegen mit hellem Violett zu rechnen, das bisher oft in digitalen Medien zu sehen gewesen sein soll.
Nachruf: Jürgen Fabian (1936 – 2023)
Authors: Mehlhorn Achim , Hartmann Horst 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAm 29. Januar 2023 starb Jürgen Fabian, emeritierter Professor der TU Dresden. Er war einer der ersten Forscher in Deutschland, der sich mit theoretischer organischer Chemie beschäftigte.
Berberine and health outcomes: An umbrella review
Authors: Li Zhongyu , Wang Yang , Xu Qing , Ma Jinxin , Li Xuan , Yan Jiaxing , Tian Yibing , Wen Yandong , Chen Ting 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBerberine is a plant extract widely used in clinical practice. This review aimed to summarize and to grade the available evidence on the association between berberine consumption and health‐related outcomes. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy and safety of berberine from inception to June 30, 2022. The AMSTAR‐2 and GRADE system were used to assess the methodological quality and evidence level of the included meta‐analyses. A total of 11 eligible meta‐analyses were identified from 235 publications, which were published in peer‐reviewed journals between 2013 and 2022. The results revealed that berberine significantly affects blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, blood lipids, body parameters and composition, inflammatory markers, colorectal adenomas, and Helicobacter pylori infections as compared to controls. Common side effects of berberine consumption include gastrointestinal symptoms, such as constipation and diarrhea. Berberine is a safe medicinal plant ingredient that improves various clinical outcomes; however, there is a need for improvement of methodological quality in published meta‐analyses. Additionally, the clinical effects of berberine need to be confirmed in high‐quality RCTs.
Fault isolation and fault‐tolerant control for nonlinear stochastic distribution control systems with multiplicative faults
Authors: Kang Yunfeng , Yao Lina , Zhou Jinglin , Wang Hong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a fault isolation, diagnosis and fault tolerant control algorithm is proposed for nonlinear multiple multiplicative faults stochastic distribution control systems employing Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system. To obtain the detailed fault information, a fault detection algorithm is introduced to discover the fault occurrence time. Then a fault isolation observer is built to produce the residual, and the error system is separated to subsystems affected only by disturbance and multiplicative faults. Moreover, a fault estimation scheme is presented to obtain the fault magnitude information. When faults occur, the system output probability density function will deviate from the desired distribution. So the model predictive control fault tolerant control scheme is needed to minimize the impact of faults as much as possible to make sure that the post fault output probability density function track the desired probability density function. The validity of the designed algorithm is demonstrated through a simulation example, where the fault tolerant control algorithm ensures that the system output probability density function still track the given output probability density function despite the complex case of multiple multiplicative faults occurring simultaneously.
Transverse flow distributions in ice‐covered channels
Authors: Pan Jiajia , Guo Xinlei , Shen Hung Tao , Wang Tao , Fu Hui , Guo Yongxin , Li Jiazhen , Chen Yuzhuang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTraditional discharge measurements in ice‐covered river channels are time‐consuming and costly, thus limiting the elucidation of flow patterns during winter. This study proposes an analytical model for quantifying the transverse distributions of the unit‐width discharge and the depth‐averaged streamwise velocity in ice‐covered channels by extending an existing stream‐tube method to include the effects of cover and bed roughness and cross‐sectional geometry. A new set of equations are obtained for this extended method. An empirical coefficient α is included to lump the effects of the shape and friction factors of the ice cover and the channel bed. The model is compared with flume experiments and field data for fully and partially ice‐covered flows to examine the variation of the coefficient α.
Schisanhenol ameliorates oxLDL‐caused endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting LOX‐1 signaling
Authors: Chiu Tsan‐Hung , Ku Chang‐Wen , Ho Tsung‐Jung , Tsai Kun‐Ling , Yang Yi‐Dung , Ou Hsiu‐Chung , Chen Hsiu‐I 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAtherosclerotic lesions play a critical role in leading cardiovascular diseases. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (OxLDL) is a vital risk factor for atherosclerosis since it acts a crucial role in endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation. Schisanhenol, a composition extracted from the fruit of Schisandra rubriflora, has been reported to have antioxidative effects on human LDL oxidation. This study investigates whether Schisanhenol protects against oxLDL‐mediated endothelial damage by modulating the lectin‐like oxLDL receptor‐1 (LOX‐1)‐mediated inflammatory processes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre‐treated with 10 or 20 μM Schisanhenol for 2 h and then exposed to 150 μg/mL oxLDL. We revealed that Schisanhenol reduced oxLDL‐enhanced LOX‐1 expression. We also found that oxLDL down‐regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as activated inducible NOS (iNOS), thereby enhancing the generation of nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, oxLDL elevated the expression levels of phosphorylated‐p38MAPK, subsequently promoting NF‐κB‐modulated inflammatory responses. Pretreatment with Schisanhenol exerted significant cytoprotective function in all the above‐mentioned detrimental events. Results from this present study reveal that Schisanhenol has a potential therapeutic effect on preventing oxLDL‐induced endothelial injuries.
Use of Augmentative Interspecies Communication devices in animal language studies: A review
Authors: Smith Gabriella E. , Bastos Amalia P. M. , Evenson Ashley , Trottier Leo , Rossano Federico 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCountless discussions have been generated by the animal language studies, specifically those utilizing mechanical interfaces, termed here Augmentative Interspecies Communication (AIC) devices (e.g., lexigrams; magnetic chips; keyboards). Overall, three concerns dominate the field: (1) claims that AIC device using animals manifest linguistic skills remain nebulous, and simpler alternative mechanisms have been proposed (e.g., associative learning); (2) such methodology may be unsuitable as some theorize AIC device interfaces are not sufficiently ecologically relevant to foster meaningful use; (3) data may be considered dubious due to potential cueing from experimenters and lack of systematicity in reporting training and performance. Despite such controversy—which eventually led to the field's deterioration around the last quarter of the twentieth century—this research also saw important successes, such as improvements in captive animal welfare, the outcomes of which hold promise for future interspecies communication work.This article is categorized under:
Linguistics > Evolution of Language
Assessment of laryngologists' ratings on physician review websites
Authors: Akbarpour Meleeka , Tawk Karen , Frank Madelyn , Gomez Alizah S. , Mostaghni Navid , Abouzari Mehdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and characterize online ratings and comments on laryngologists and determine factors that correlate with higher ratings.MethodsAll the American Laryngological Association (ALA) members were queried across several online platforms. Ratings were normalized for comparison on a five‐point Likert scale. Ratings were categorized based on context and for positive/negative aspects.ResultsOf the 331 ALA members, 256 (77%) were rated on at least one online platform. Across all platforms, the average overall rating was 4.39 ± 0.61 (range: 1.00–5.00). Specific positive ratings including “bedside manners,” “diagnostic accuracy,” “adequate time spent with patient,” “appropriate follow‐up,” and “physician timeliness” had significant positive correlations to overall ratings, by Pearson's correlation (P < 0.001). Long wait times had significant negative correlations to overall ratings (P < 0.001).ConclusionOnline ratings and comments for laryngologists are significantly influenced by patient perceptions of bedside manner, physician competence, and time spent with the patient.
The Pig Community and Their Reference Genome
Authors: García-Sancho Miguel , Lowe James 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the story of pig genome mapping and sequencing. It presents the heterogeneous interests and activities of a small and tight-knit community, in which maps, sequencing data, resources and tools were developed for—and immediately linked to—the problems of pig breeding and transplantation biology. A community of pig genomicists converged in mapping projects that took place from the early-1990s onwards. In these initiatives, they characterised the positions of genes and genetic markers on chromosomes with a view to this information being deployed in agriculture and biomedicine. This community was intimately involved in most aspects of the creation of a reference genome, either directly or by guiding the focus of the Sanger Institute, the institution that was contracted to undertake the sequence determination. The Sanger Institute therefore had a different role in pig genomics than in yeast and human genomics. This distinct role was deeply conditioned by the historical trajectory of the pig genetics community.