bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Enterprises in the Netherlands: Towards More Institutional Diversity?
Authors: Serres Coline , De Moor Tine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Netherlands has a strong third sector and a long tradition of organizations pursuing social and/or environmental goals, often considered social enterprises. However, the country lacks a common definition and framework for social enterprises, and rather considers social entrepreneurship as a particular branch of entrepreneurship, leaving aside social enterprises incorporating as non-profits and cooperatives. Because of this narrow approach, many social enterprises not incorporated as social businesses are overlooked by the Dutch government but also by scholars. In this chapter, we adopt the approach of the EMES school of thought and review the legal forms that the Netherlands offers for social enterprises to incorporate. In early 2022, Dutch social enterprises have five options to incorporate: (1) private limited company, (2) public limited company, (3) cooperative, (4) foundation, and (5) association. Besides reviewing each of these forms and their implications when applied to social enterprises, we reflect on the place of social economy in the Netherlands. We also present ongoing legal developments for a better institutionalization of social enterprises in the Netherlands. We end our reflections by suggesting that Dutch social enterprises could receive the appropriate mechanisms, controls, and recognition they deserve by combining several existing labels and certifications.
Social Enterprises, Benefit Corporations and Community Interest Companies: The UK Landscape
Authors: Andreadakis Stelios 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present chapter deals with the social enterprises’ landscape in the United Kingdom, with emphasis on certified B corps, benefit corporations and community interest companies (CIC). Although the United Kingdom has the reputation of a jurisdiction that supports the shareholder value maximisation paradigm, it has introduced special rules for social enterprises and has facilitated the development of benefit corporations and B corps. The UK experience may be significantly different from the United States’ one, but it can operate as a roadmap for countries that aim at becoming more inclusive in terms of corporate social responsibility and social purpose.
Corporate Purpose: How the Board of Directors Can Achieve an Inclusive Corporate Governance Regime
Authors: Blanc Mathieu , Chenaux Jean-Luc , Philippin Edgar 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLarge corporations are currently facing critical challenges after many financial crises and scandals, which led to a loss of public confidence. In addition, inequality, climate change, and new technologies create systemic risks for corporations. In that context, economic and legal scholars, as well as directors and regulators, extensively debate issues revolving around the “profit” of corporations as well as about the “purpose” of companies, a notion that is different from their mere “object.” In our view, the theory of the purpose-driven company could help overcome the never-ending dispute between the partisans of shareholders’ wealth maximization and the promoters of stakeholder governance. To materialize and implement the company’s purpose, missions, and core values, the board of directors (in engagement with shareholders) shall assess its impact on a broader social and economic environment. The identification and expression of the purpose will facilitate the company’s value creation and long-term business sustainability. The board of directors shall further take into consideration all stakeholders as well as define and identify the main purpose recipient (customers, employees, environment, etc.). Within this frame, the board of directors will act as both a corporate purpose guardian and a mediator of the various (potentially) conflicting interests held by the different constituencies.
Social Enterprises: Conceptual Debates and Approaches
Authors: Díaz-Foncea Millán , Marcuello Carmen 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe concept of social enterprises spread globally in the early 1990s. The term social enterprise originated from different institutions, practices, and academic debates. This chapter aims to present and analyze the main debates and approaches to the concept of social enterprise. For this purpose, the different schools of thought and the characteristics of each of them were examined. This chapter also describes the most recent trends in the evolution of the concepts and experiences of social enterprises.
Evaluation of a series of nucleoside analogs as effective anticoronaviral-2 drugs against the Omicron-B.1.1.529/BA.2 subvariant: A repurposing research study
Authors: Rabie Amgad M. , Abdalla Mohnad 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMysterious evolution of a new strain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Omicron variant, led to a new challenge in the persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) battle. Objecting the conserved SARS-CoV-2 enzymes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and 3′-to-5′ exoribonuclease (ExoN) together using one ligand is a successful new tactic to stop SARS-CoV-2 multiplication and COVID-19 progression. The current comprehensive study investigated most nucleoside analogs (NAs) libraries, searching for the most ideal drug candidates expectedly able to act through this double tactic. Gradual computational filtration afforded six different promising NAs, riboprine/forodesine/tecadenoson/nelarabine/vidarabine/maribavir. Further biological assessment proved that riboprine and forodesine are able to powerfully inhibit the replication of the new virulent strains of SARS-CoV-2 with extremely minute in vitro anti-RdRp and anti-SARS-CoV-2 EC50 values of about 0.21 and 0.45 μM for riboprine and about 0.23 and 0.70 μM for forodesine, respectively, surpassing both remdesivir and the new anti-COVID-19 drug molnupiravir. These biochemical findings were supported by the prior in silico data. Additionally, the ideal pharmacophoric features of riboprine and forodesine molecules render them typical dual-action inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication and proofreading. These findings suggest that riboprine and forodesine could serve as prospective lead compounds against COVID-19.
Oscillating singular integral operators on compact Lie groups revisited
Authors: Cardona Duván , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFefferman (Acta Math 24:9–36, 1970, Theorem 2$$'$$

′

) has proved the weak (1,1) boundedness for a class of oscillating singular integrals that includes the oscillating spectral multipliers of the Euclidean Laplacian $$\Delta ,$$

Δ
,

namely, operators of the form $$\begin{aligned} T_{\theta }(-\Delta ):= (1-\Delta )^{-\frac{n\theta }{4}}e^{i (1-\Delta )^{\frac{\theta }{2}}},\,0\le \theta <1. \end{aligned}$$

T
θ

(
-
Δ
)

:
=

(
1
-
Δ
)

-

n
θ

4

e

i

(
1
-
Δ
)

θ
2

,

0
≤
θ
<
1
.

The aim of this work is to extend Fefferman’s result to oscillating singular integrals on any arbitrary compact Lie group. We also consider applications to oscillating spectral multipliers of the Laplace–Beltrami operator. The proof of our main theorem illustrates the delicate relationship between the condition on the kernel of the operator, its Fourier transform (defined in terms of the representation theory of the group) and the microlocal/geometric properties of the group.
Safety and Feasibility of Primary Closure Following Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration for Treatment of Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Xiang Lunjian , Li Jingjing , Liu Dingzhi , Yan Lang , Zeng Hongrui , Liu Yan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundT‐tube drainage following laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration may lead to T‐tube displacement and water–electrolyte disorders, affecting patients’ quality of life. In particular, biliary peritonitis may develop in a small number of patients after T‐tube removal, requiring reoperation. This prospective cohort study was performed to investigate the safety and feasibility of primary closure following laparoscopic CBD exploration for the treatment of choledocholithiasis.MethodsPatients who were treated for choledocholithiasis by laparoscopic CBD exploration with primary closure from January 2019 to March 2022 comprised the PC group (n = 145). Patients who were treated for choledocholithiasis by laparoscopic CBD exploration with T‐tube drainage during this period comprised the TD group (n = 153). Perioperative and follow‐up outcomes were collected and statistically analyzed.ResultsThe TD and PC groups showed significant differences in the operation time (124.6 ± 40.8 vs. 106 ± 36.4 min, P = 0.000) and postoperative hospital stay (7.1 ± 2.6 vs. 5.9 ± 2.0 days, P = 0.000). No significant difference was observed in terms of blood loss, the ratio of conversion to laparotomy, and postoperative parameters. Preoperative albumin and total bilirubin levels were the risk factors of bile leakage after surgery. No patients developed CBD stricture or carcinogenesis, The rates of residual and recurrent stones in the TD and PC groups were 1.97% vs. 1.40% and 1.31% vs. 1.40%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 1.000 for both).ConclusionsPrimary closure following laparoscopic CBD exploration is safe and feasible for selected patients with choledocholithiasis.
Klinische Umsetzung von Früherkennung und Frühintervention bei Psychoserisiko
Authors: Trimmel Melanie , Hinterbuchinger Barbara , Friedrich Fabian , Mossaheb Nilufar 
Published: December 2022

ZusammenfassungSpezialisierte Früherkennungs- und Frühinterventionszentren stellen neben Bestrebungen, psychotische Erstmanifestation zu verhindern oder zu verzögern, auch den Erhalt des psychosozialen Funktionsniveaus der Patient:innen in den Vordergrund der klinischen Behandlung. Zur Erfassung eines symptomatischen erhöhten Psychoserisikos existieren operationalisierte Kriterien und standardisierte Instrumente. Indizierte Präventionsmaßnahmen bei Personen mit deutlich erhöhtem Psychoserisiko beinhalten pharmakologische und insbesondere nicht-pharmakologische, psychologisch-psychotherapeutische Maßnahmen. Im Rahmen von psychotischen Erstmanifestationen kommt der organischen und psychiatrischen Differentialdiagnostik sowie störungs- und altersspezifischen Therapien im Rahmen spezialisierter Früherkennungsprogramme eine große Bedeutung zu. In diesem Artikel soll anhand eines Fallbeispiels ein Einblick in die ambulante und stationäre Tätigkeit eines Früherkennungs- und Frühinterventionsbereiches gegeben werden.
A discrete time evolution model for fracture networks
Authors: Domokos Gábor , Regős Krisztina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examine geological crack patterns using the mean field theory of convex mosaics. We assign the pair $$\left({\overline{n } }^{*},{\overline{v } }^{*}\right)$$

n
¯

∗

,

v
¯

∗

of average corner degrees (Domokos et al. in A two-vertex theorem for normal tilings. Aequat Math https://doi.org/10.1007/s00010-022-00888-0, 2022) to each crack pattern and we define two local, random evolutionary steps R0 and R1, corresponding to secondary fracture and rearrangement of cracks, respectively. Random sequences of these steps result in trajectories on the $$\left({\overline{n } }^{*},{\overline{v } }^{*}\right)$$

n
¯

∗

,

v
¯

∗

plane. We prove the existence of limit points for several types of trajectories. Also, we prove that celldensity$$\overline{\rho }= \frac{{\overline{v } }^{*}}{{\overline{n } }^{*}}$$

ρ
¯

=

v
¯

∗

n
¯

∗

increases monotonically under any admissible trajectory.
Are urban mangroves emerging hotspots of non-indigenous species? A study on the dynamics of macrobenthic fouling communities in fringing red mangrove prop roots
Authors: Mosquera Enis , Blanco-Libreros Juan F. , Riascos José M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUrbanization represents a radical transformation of natural habitats that alters all the biotic and abiotic properties governing ecosystems. Urban expansion often results in oversimplified communities, where most specialists decline or disappear and a few generalist or exotic species become dominant. The consequences of urban expansion in mangrove forests are understudied, although these systems have been altered by humans for centuries and the growth of human population in tropical coasts is expected to be faster than in higher latitudes. To assess the importance of indigenous and non-indigenous species in driving temporal and spatial changes in community structure of red-mangrove prop-root macrobenthic communities, we studied heavily altered mangrove forests from two bays from the Caribbean coast of Colombia in 2005 and 2021. In all places/periods, the community richness was low, a few taxa were dominant (11 taxa, out of 40, comprised ~ 90% of the total abundance) and 35% of those taxa were non-indigenous species whose presence is related with known stressors in urbanized systems. Hence, call for efforts to assess whether urban mangrove forests are emerging as hotspots for non-indigenous biota. Community structure did not change within or between bays, there was a clear, significant turnover of core species between 2005 and 2021, with non-indigenous species playing a prominent role in this variability. This was puzzling—ecological theory asserts that the abundance of a species is related to their permanence: core species are relatively stable through time, while rare species appear or disappear—but this may not apply for stressed communities influenced by non-indigenous biota.
Robust-stable scheduling in dynamic flow shops based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Grumbach Felix , Müller Anna , Reusch Pascal , Trojahn Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis proof-of-concept study provides a novel method for robust-stable scheduling in dynamic flow shops based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) implemented with OpenAI frameworks. In realistic manufacturing environments, dynamic events endanger baseline schedules, which can require a cost intensive re-scheduling. Extensive research has been done on methods for generating proactive baseline schedules to absorb uncertainties in advance and in balancing the competing metrics of robustness and stability. Recent studies presented exact methods and heuristics based on Monte Carlo experiments (MCE), both of which are very computationally intensive. Furthermore, approaches based on surrogate measures were proposed, which do not explicitly consider uncertainties and robustness metrics. Surprisingly, DRL has not yet been scientifically investigated for generating robust-stable schedules in the proactive stage of production planning. The contribution of this article is a proposal on how DRL can be applied to manipulate operation slack times by stretching or compressing plan durations. The method is demonstrated using different flow shop instances with uncertain processing times, stochastic machine failures and uncertain repair times. Through a computational study, we found that DRL agents achieve about 98% result quality but only take about 2% of the time compared to traditional metaheuristics. This is a promising advantage for the use in real-time environments and supports the idea of improving proactive scheduling methods with machine learning based techniques.
Addressing Adolescents’ Prejudice toward Immigrants: The Role of the Classroom Context
Authors: Albarello Flavia , Manganelli Sara , Cavicchiolo Elisa , Lucidi Fabio , Chirico Andrea , Alivernini Fabio 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccording to social learning theory, classrooms are essential socialization contexts for intergroup attitudes, but analyses of contextual factors net of the impact of individual variables affecting prejudice toward immigrants are very limited. This study was conducted on a large sample of Italian adolescents (N = 2904; Mage = 13.70; females = 48.5%; 168 classrooms). It examined the role of classroom contextual factors affecting adolescents’ prejudice toward immigrants, relying on the combination of groups’ warmth and competence, and their antecedents (i.e., competition and status). Multilevel structural equation analyses revealed that classroom contextual factors (i.e., classroom socio-economic status-SES; classroom open to discussion climate; classroom educational achievements) indirectly affected, at the class level, adolescents’ perceived warmth and competence of immigrants through the mediating role of perceived competition (and status) of immigrants. These findings suggest that interventions targeting the classroom context can help to hinder prejudice in adolescence at the class level.
Clinical applications and prospects of PET imaging in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas
Authors: Wollring Michael M. , Werner Jan-Michael , Ceccon Garry , Lohmann Philipp , Filss Christian P. , Fink Gereon R. , Langen Karl-Josef , Galldiks Norbert 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPET imaging using radiolabeled amino acids in addition to MRI has become a valuable diagnostic tool in the clinical management of patients with brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PET studies in glioma patients with a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH). A considerable fraction of these tumors typically show no contrast enhancement on MRI, especially when classified as grade 2 according to the World Health Organization classification of Central Nervous System tumors. Major diagnostic challenges in this situation are differential diagnosis, target definition for diagnostic biopsies, delineation of glioma extent for treatment planning, differentiation of treatment-related changes from tumor progression, and the evaluation of response to alkylating agents. The main focus of this review is the role of amino acid PET in this setting. Furthermore, in light of clinical trials using IDH inhibitors targeting the mutated IDH enzyme for treating patients with IDH-mutant gliomas, we also aim to give an outlook on PET probes specifically targeting the IDH mutation, which appear potentially helpful for response assessment.
Fragile Heterosexuality: A Cross-cultural Study Between Germany and Italy
Authors: Borras Guevara Martha Lucia , West Keon , Brambilla Marco , Bruckmüller Susanne 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPrior research in the UK and the USA found that heterosexual identity was perceived as more easily compromised than gay identity: a finding dubbed the “Fragile Heterosexuality” effect. However, there is as yet no evidence that this effect occurs outside the USA and UK. With representative samples from Germany (N = 1236) and Italy (N = 1249), we investigated the fragile heterosexuality effect using participants’ agreement with gender-neutral statements about the perceived fragility of sexual orientation of others. We found evidence supporting the fragile heterosexuality effect in both countries. We also investigated six possible moderators of the effect. Higher estimates of gay/lesbian population weakened the effect, and higher levels of anti-gay prejudice strengthened the effect. Contact (quantity/quality), right wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation did not moderate the effect. These findings contribute to previous literature by highlight that the fragile heterosexuality effect appears across countries of diverse LGBTQ friendliness and languages, and also suggest plausible explanations for the effect.
State Nurseries are Not for Us: The Limitations of Early Childhood Policies Beyond Price Barriers in Barcelona
Authors: González-Motos Sheila , Saurí Saula Enric 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAccess to early child education services has been proven to be an efficient tool in fighting educational inequalities. However, while wealthier families are likely to use childcare services, disadvantaged children tend to be left out. Research has explained this effect, known as Mathew Effect, and has studied both the constraints in the availability and affordability of childcare services, and the cultural norms surrounding motherhood. This paper aims to highlight other factors that also explain the Mathew Effect from a public policy perspective, beyond the economic barriers that limit access to formal childcare services. Through 34 interviews with mothers who have children between one and three years of age who attend both state and private nurseries in the city of Barcelona, we examine the characteristics of regulated childcare services and the objective factors of those mothers’ everyday lives in order to understand the decision-making processes involved in choosing childcare for the under-threes. The results indicate that sliding-scale pricing has allowed mothers with low incomes to access state nursery schools, while the quality of the services offered has served to attract the middle and upper classes. However, early childhood care services have not been adapted to the needs of working-class mothers who, although not being in a situation of social vulnerability, cannot afford private nurseries because of their high costs.
Synthesis, characterization, and DFT investigation of rhodamine B dye removal by activated carbon produced from argan nutshell
Authors: Ouardi Youssef El , Aissouq Abdellah El , Chennah Ahmed , Ouammou Abdelkrim , Laatikainen Katri 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A significant environmental concern is posed by wastewater containing dyes. When dealing with a polluted medium, adsorption is a beneficial method for the removal of contaminants. This study used argan nutshell as a precursor to synthesize activated carbon via chemical activation with Na2CO3 at 600 °C. The prepared activated carbon (Na@Ac) was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and zeta potential measurements. The results showed that the prepared activated carbon has a high surface area (1543 m2/g) and microporous structure. Furthermore, many parameters for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye removal efficiency, including pH, initial pollutant concentration, and temperature, were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design. Based on the RSM, the best efficiency was 96.84% for the removal of RhB at pH 5, temperature 20 °C, and initial concentration 33.2 mg/L. The kinetic of RhB dye adsorption onto Na@Ac was effectively explained by a pseudo-second-order model, with a maximum uptake capacity of 35.9 mg/g. Moreover, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to understand the adsorption mechanism of the RhB dye onto the Na@Ac. Based on the DFT calculations, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions may be preferred mechanisms of RhB dye adsorption onto Na@Ac. The Na@Ac could be a promising adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B from polluted wastewater.
How to build a crop model. A review
Authors: Pasley Heather , Brown Hamish , Holzworth Dean , Whish Jeremy , Bell Lindsay , Huth Neil 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCropping system models are deployed as valuable tools for informing agronomic decisions and advancing research. To meet this demand, early career scientists are increasingly tasked with building crop models to fit into these system modelling frameworks. Most, however, receive little to no guidance as to how to do this well. This paper is an introduction to building a crop model with a focus on how to avoid pitfalls, minimize uncertainty, and maximize value. We synthesized knowledge from experienced model builders and literature on various approaches to model building. We describe (1) what to look for in a model-building dataset, (2) how to overcome gaps in the dataset, (3) different approaches to fitting and testing the model, and (4) how to avoid common mistakes such as over-parameterization and over-fitting the model. The process behind building a crop model can be overwhelming, especially for a beginner, and so we propose a three-pronged approach: conceptualize the model, simplify the process, and fit the model for a purpose. We revisit these three macrothemes throughout the paper to instil the new model builder with the methodical mindset needed to maximize the performance and impact of their crop model.