bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damage visualization and vulnerability assessment of surface ship considering the 3D multihit location of air-explosion threat
Authors: Kim Kwang Sik , Lee Jang Hyun , Yoon Joon Young 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to propose a method for rapidly assessing the hit locations and extent of damage to a naval ship attacked by threatening weapons. An integrated method is presented for assessing the vulnerability to the hull and systems caused by the blast or penetrating effects of a weapon at multiple possible impact locations. The proposed method enables the assessment of vulnerability changes for design alternatives during the early design phase of naval vessels. To predict the extent of damage and to visualize the damaged hull and equipment, it is first assumed that a weapon has multiple hit locations. It is shown that a set of possible hit locations was generated by assuming the trajectory for air-explosion (AIREX) weapons by dividing the trajectory into an air-to-ship trajectory and a ship-to-ship trajectory. To account for the non-deterministic nature of weapon hits, a probability distribution approach was used to generate random multiple hit locations for each trajectory while the hit locations of AIREX in all directions were predicted using a multivariate probability distribution that generates three-dimensional random hit points. The extent of damage was then calculated, taking into account the topology of the hull structure and the equipment installed within the hull compartment, along with the damage volume associated with the weapon at each hit point. To identify the damage volume, axis-aligned bounding box (AABB) components were used, which provide a simplified representation of the ship’s geometry, as well as the relative position and dimensions of the hull structure and installed equipment. The damage compartment was defined as the portion of the hull that overlapped the damaged volume. While AABB’s overlap detection algorithm was applied to the damaged hull compartments, the algorithm identified the equipment that overlapped the damaged volume of the hull. Finally, the geometric modeling module, the probabilistic multiple hit location prediction module, and the damage analysis module were developed for damage visualization and vulnerability assessment.
Numerical responses of the predatory mites,Cheyletus eruditus(Trombidiformes: Cheyletidae) andCheyletus malaccensis, toLiposcelis decolor(Psocodea: Liposcelididae)
Authors: Danso James K , Opit George P , Giles Kristopher L , Noden Bruce H 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPredatory mites display diverse ecological mechanisms to suppress pest population density below certain thresholds known to cause economic loss. The current study explored the numerical responses of the predatory mites, Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (Trombidiformes: Cheyletidae) and Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans, to Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae). The numerical responses of these 2 cheyletid mites to nymphs, adult males, and adult females of L. decolor were determined under laboratory conditions at 24 ± 1 °C, 85 ± 5 RH, and 0:24 (L:D) photoperiod. Oviposition rate, oviposition efficiency, and efficiency of conversion of ingested (ECI) food resources were the key numerical response parameters assessed. The present study revealed a general trend of a strong negative and positive correlation between oviposition rates and increase in prey densities (number of prey per 16.98 cm2) for C. eruditus and C. malaccensis, respectively. The oviposition efficiency was mostly similar for both predatory mites and was inversely related to prey density. Generally, ECI (%) decreased considerably with increasing prey density across different prey types for both predators, however, C. malaccensis was more efficient than C. eruditus in utilizing prey biomass. Given the relatively weak numerical responses, we recommended further assessment of these predatory mites before recommending their use for managing stored-product insect pests in the United States.
Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in the hemolymph of the German cockroach vector is limited by both humoral immune factors and hemocytes but not by trehalose metabolism
Authors: Turner Matthew , Van Hulzen Landen , Peta Vincent , Pietri Jose E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The German cockroach (Blattella germanica) has been linked to transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), but infection dynamics within this vector are poorly characterized. Our recent work has focused on S. Typhimurium infection in the cockroach gut. However, microbial dissemination to the hemolymph is an essential aspect of many vector-borne pathogen transmission cycles and could potentially contribute to S. Typhimurium colonization of cockroaches. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine the ability of S. Typhimurium to disseminate, survive, and proliferate in the hemolymph of cockroaches after oral infection. We detected only low numbers of bacteria in the hemolymph of a minority of insects (~26%) after oral infection. Further, S. Typhimurium was unable to survive overnight in cell-free hemolymph. Several hypotheses to explain the inability of S. Typhimurium to colonize hemolymph were tested. First, we investigated the ability of S. Typhimurium to metabolize trehalose, the primary sugar in hemolymph. S. Typhimurium grew efficiently in vitro using trehalose as a sole carbon source and mutant strains lacking trehalose metabolism genes exhibited no growth deficiencies in media mimicking the composition of hemolymph, suggesting that trehalose metabolism ability is not a factor involved in restricting survival in hemolymph. On the other hand, heat-inactivated cell-free hemolymph was permissive of S. Typhimurium growth, demonstrating that survival in hemolymph is limited specifically by heat-labile humoral factors. The involvement of cellular immune responses was also investigated and cockroach hemocytes in culture were observed to internalize S. Typhimurium within 1 h of exposure. Most hemocytes harbored few to no bacteria after 24 h, indicating that hemocyte responses are additionally involved in clearing infection from the hemolymph. However, dense intracellular clusters of S. Typhimurium were observed sporadically, suggesting a small subset of hemocytes may serve as reservoirs for bacterial replication. Together, our results reveal that a minute proportion of ingested S. Typhimurium is able to escape the cockroach gut and enter the hemolymph, but this systemic population is limited by both humoral effectors and hemocytes. Thus, we conclude that invasion of the hemolymph appears minimally important for colonization of the cockroach vector and that colonization of the gut is the main driver of vector-borne transmission. Our insight into the antimicrobial mechanisms of cockroach hemolymph also highlights the strong ability of these prevalent pests/vectors to cope with frequent infectious challenges in septic habitats.
On Drugs
Authors: Baron Sam , Linton Sara , O’Malley Maureen A 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite their centrality to medicine, drugs are not easily defined. We introduce two desiderata for a basic definition of medical drugs. It should: (a) capture everything considered to be a drug in medical contexts and (b) rule out anything that is not considered to be a drug. After canvassing a range of options, we find that no single definition of drugs can satisfy both desiderata. We conclude with three responses to our exploration of the drug concept: maintain a monistic concept, or choose one of two pluralistic outcomes. Notably, the distinction between drugs and other substances is placed under pressure by the most plausible of the options available.
Neuropathology and morphometry of dentate nucleus neurons in DYT1 brains: Cerebellar abnormalities in isolated dystonia
Authors: Iacono Diego , Peng Hui , Rabin Marcie L , Kurlan Roger 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Brain lesions exclusive to dystonia, or specific forms of it, such as isolated dystonia, have been rarely described. While the identification of distinctive intra- or extraneuronal abnormalities in childhood-onset generalized dystonia (DYT1) brains remains lacking, recent stereology-based findings demonstrated hypertrophy of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of DYT1-carriers manifesting dystonia (DYT1-manif) versus DYT1-carriers nonmanifesting dystonia (DYT1-nonmanif), and age-matched control subjects (C). Because other brain regions including the cerebellum (CRB) have been implicated in the pathomechanisms of dystonia, we investigated neurons of the dentate nucleus (DN), the “door-out” nucleus of the CRB. We performed systematic neuropathologic assessments and stereology-based measurements of 7 DN from DYT1-carriers (DYT1-DN; 4 DYT1-manif and 3 DYT1-nonmanif), and 5 age-matched control (C-DN) subjects. Data demonstrated larger cell body (+14.1%), nuclear (+10.6%), and nucleolar (+48.3%) volumes of DYT1-DN versus C-DN neurons. No differences in intra- and extracellular pathological indicators (β-amyloid, pTau, α-synuclein, Torsin1A, Negri, Bunina, Hirano, Marinesco, Nissl bodies, Buscaino bodies, granulovacuolar degeneration, or cerebrovascular lesions) were detected in DYT1-DN versus C-DN. Astroglial reactivity (GFAP) and microglial activation (IBA1) were observed in some DYT1-DNs. These novel findings confirm involvement of the DN and CRB in the pathogenesis of DYT1 and perhaps of other forms of isolated dystonia.
A virtual, group-based mindfulness intervention for midlife and older women with low libido lowers sexual distress in a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Thomas Holly N , Brotto Lori A , de Abril Cameron Flor , Yabes Jonathan , Thurston Rebecca C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Distressing low libido is common among women and has significant negative impacts; mindfulness has shown promise to increase sexual desire in women with low libido, but existing interventions are not tailored to midlife and older women.

Aim
We adapted a mindfulness intervention to meet the needs of this population and conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility and acceptability.

Methods
Women aged ≥45 years with low libido were randomized to the mindfulness intervention or an education group that met over videoconferencing. The intervention included mindfulness instruction and practice, group discussion, and education on sexuality and aging. The education group included general information on menopause and health.

Outcomes
We defined feasibility by the number of screened women who enrolled and completed their group. We defined acceptability as satisfaction with the group and likelihood of recommending it to another woman with low libido. We assessed sexual function (Female Sexual Function Index) and sexual distress (Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised) at 6 weeks postconclusion.

Results
Of 81 women screened, 31 were randomized to mindfulness and 30 to education. Eighteen women in the intervention group and 23 in the control group attended at least 1 session. Time conflict was the main reason for nonattendance. Of the 41 women who started attending groups, 37 (90%) attended at least 5 sessions. In the mindfulness group, 73% of women were very or extremely satisfied. Women in the mindfulness group were more likely to recommend it to another person with low libido as compared with those in the education group (P = .031); 67% said that they would probably or definitely recommend it. There were no significant changes in sexual function in either group (mean Female Sexual Function Index score, 22.6 to 18.6 [P = .101] with mindfulness and 21.2 to 19.7 [P = .537] with education). Women in the mindfulness group had significant improvements in sexual distress (mean Female Sexual Distress Scale–Revised score, 27.1 to 19.7; P = .021) while women in the education group did not (19.0 to 15.8; P = .062).

Clinical Implications
Mindfulness may reduce sexual distress in older women with low libido.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first trial testing mindfulness for midlife and older women with low libido.

Conclusion
A virtual mindfulness intervention for midlife and older women with low libido is feasible and acceptable and appears to improve sexual distress as compared with an education control; these findings provide data that can be used to design a larger clinical trial.
4DL: a four-valued dynamic logic and its proof theory
Authors: Costa Diana 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Transition systems are often used to describe the behaviour of software systems. If viewed as a graph then, at their most basic level, vertices correspond to the states of a program and each edge represents a transition between states via the (atomic) action labelled. In this setting, systems are thought to be consistent and at each state formulas are evaluated as either true or false. On the other hand, when a structure of this sort—e.g. a map where states represent locations, some local properties are known and labelled transitions represent information available about different routes—is built resorting to multiple sources of information, it is common to find inconsistent or incomplete information regarding what holds at each state, both at the level of propositional variables and transitions. This paper aims at bringing together Belnap’s four values, Dynamic Logic and hybrid machinery such as nominals and the satisfaction operator, so that reasoning is still possible in face of contradicting evidence. Proof-theory for this new logic is explored by means of a terminating, sound and complete tableau system.
Creative (en)counterspaces: Engineering valuable contact for young refugees via solidarity arts workshops in Thessaloniki, Greece
Authors: Hunt Lucy 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article explores the role of non-formal arts education in Thessaloniki, Greece for fostering contact considered valuable by the young refugee community. Drawing on accounts of their daily life, gathered over eight months of ethnographic fieldwork for a project on their post-15 educational participation, the article details how around the city, young refugees (aged 15–25 years) experience conflicted encounters involving both hostility and solidarity. While this hostility impacts their aspirations, self-image, and feelings of inclusion, a large solidarity movement attempts to counteract these challenges by offering educational activities for ‘inclusion’ such as arts workshops in temporary spaces. These offers were popular among youth in the study, as they constituted a welcoming opportunity for building social connections, language skills, and self-confidence—outcomes that extended beyond the physical space of the workshops. As such, they functioned as valuable, creative ‘(en)counterspaces’. Based on observations from one case study site, this article unpacks the key processes that promoted these valued outcomes—including collaboration, mediation, and informal contact—as well as the role played by arts materials and arts-making practices in these processes. This article also offers key considerations for designing similar activities, such as being sensitive to inclusivity and power relations. It aims to build on the literature on both ‘counterspaces’ and ‘encounters’ by documenting the outcomes young refugees value from contact in these sites of solidarity, and how and why they proactively seek them out; as well as analysing the other actors and specific activities involved in them.
Early Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Multisite Prospective Cohort of Inpatient Veterans
Authors: Ross Jennifer M , Sugimoto Jonathan D , Timmons Andrew , Adams Jonathan , Deardoff Katrina , Korpak Anna , Liu Cindy , Moore Kathryn , Wilson Deanna , Bedimo Roger , Chang Kyong-Mi , Cho Kelly , Crothers Kristina , Garshick Eric , Gaziano J Michael , Holodniy Mark , Hunt Christine M , Isaacs Stuart N , Le Elizabeth , Jones Barbara E , Shah Javeed A , Smith Nicholas L , Lee Jennifer S ,   for the EPIC Investigators, Roghmann Mary-Claire , Coffey Karen , Katzel Les , Wan Emily , Perez Federico , Jump Robin , Manaktala Rohit , Nicholson Lindsay , McClain Micah , Woods Christopher , Wang Gary , Vittor Amy , Theus John , Arkansas North , Mahatme Sheran , Gundacker Milwaukee Nathan , Haque Milwaukee Javeria , Paintal Milwaukee Harman , Stevenson Matthew , Baker Joshua , Pfeiffer Chris , Powers Patrick , Lewis Julia , Danaher Patrick , Anzueto Antonio , Eastment McKenna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Over 870 000 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections have occurred among Veterans Health Administration users, and 24 000 have resulted in death. We examined early outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized veterans.

Methods
In an ongoing, prospective cohort study, we enrolled veterans age ≥18 tested for SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalized at 15 Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers between February 2021 and June 2022. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs), adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs), and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for maximum illness severity within 30 days of study entry (defined using the 4-category VA Severity Index for coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]), as well as length of hospitalization and rehospitalization within 60 days, in relationship with demographic characteristics, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), COVID-19 vaccination, and calendar period of enrollment.

Results
The 542 participants included 329 (61%) who completed a primary vaccine series (with or without booster; “vaccinated”), 292 (54%) enrolled as SARS-CoV-2-positive, and 503 (93%) men, with a mean age of 64.4 years. High CCI scores (≥5) occurred in 61 (44%) vaccinated and 29 (19%) unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-positive participants. Severe illness or death occurred in 29 (21%; 6% died) vaccinated and 31 (20%; 2% died) unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-positive participants. SARS-CoV-2-positive inpatients per unit increase in CCI had greater multivariable-adjusted odds of severe illness (aOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.01–1.45), more hospitalization days (aIRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.03–1.10), and rehospitalization (aHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01–1.12).

Conclusions
In a cohort of hospitalized US veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection, those with a higher CCI had more severe COVID-19 illness, more hospital days, and rehospitalization, after adjusting for vaccination status, age, sex, and calendar period.
Healthcare Professional Communication on Sexual Health: A Report from the Italian Working Group on Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer
Authors: Quarello Paola , Toss Angela , Berchialla Paola , Mascarin Maurizio , Lambertini Matteo , Canesi Marta , Maria Milano Giuseppe , Incorvaia Lorena , Luigi Banna Giuseppe , Peccatori Fedro , Ferrari Andrea 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Sexual function is an important concern for adolescent and young adult (AYA) with cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the attitude of Italian health care professionals who deal with AYA patients with cancer toward sexual health communication.

Materials and Methods
A 11-question survey was developed by the AIOM (Associazione Italiana di Oncologia Medica) and AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica) AYA workgroup and sent to AIOM and AIEOP members.

Results
The sample comprised 360 respondents, 54.2% AIEOP and 45.8% AIOM members. Eighty percent were physicians, 14.5% nurses, 4.7% psychologists, and 0.8% other professionals. Medical oncologists are more used to investigate about AYA sexual health than pediatric oncologists (58.2% vs. 46.2%), even if pediatrics more frequently refer patients to specific and shared protocol (40% vs. 26.1%). Both AIOM and AIEOP participants mostly talk about sexual health only on request or occasionally (78.8% and 79%, respectively). Clinician-reported barriers to communication identified in this study are lack of preparation and embarrassment for both the categories, plus the presence/interference of parents for pediatrics and lack of time for medical oncologists. Overall, less than 5% of clinicians in our survey received specific training on potential sexual health issues in AYA patients with cancer and only 2% felt adequately prepared to speak about it.

Conclusion
Sexual health is a key component of comprehensive care for AYA with cancer during treatments. This study highlighted the need of Italian providers for specific training and guidelines on sex-related health issues encountered by AYA patients.
Introduction
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
After noting the penal populism gripping American social and political life over the past several decades, the Introduction discusses how the Framers of the U.S. Constitution, keenly aware of the tendency of legislatures to enact burdensome retroactive laws, included the Ex Post Facto Clause in the Constitution to guard against such tendencies. Over time, a veritable “who’s who” of disfavored Americans has invoked the Clause as a basis for protection, including Confederate sympathizers and Communist Party members. Although the Supreme Court in the past read the Clause broadly and invalidated many such laws, in recent decades, in keeping with the nation’s shift toward a punitive zeitgeist, the Court has adopted a far more permissive approach. The Introduction outlines how the book’s chapters chronicle this evolution and how later chapters provide the basis for a reinvigorated Ex Post Facto Clause.
Background and Early History
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter surveys the history of the Ex Post Facto Clause. The decision by the framers of the US Constitution to place the prohibition of ex post facto laws—in Latin, literally meaning “law after fact”—in the body of the Constitution, which otherwise mainly outlines the nation’s governing structure, was not happenstance. Indeed, their concern was such that they included two ex post facto prohibitions in Article I, one relating to laws passed by Congress (section 9) and another state legislatures (section 10). Together the prohibitions reflected the framers’ recognition of and disdain for the tendency of legislatures to enact retroactive laws imposing burdens on politically disdained individuals. The chapter surveys the origins of the clause and the integral role the framers saw it as serving as a bulwark against arbitrary and unfair retroactive laws enacted by legislatures.
Formative Nineteenth-Century Developments
Authors: Logan Wayne A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the Supreme Court’s ex post facto decisions of the nineteenth century. The period can be viewed as a halcyon era, highlighting the court’s dedication to invoking the protective cloak of the clause, amid major social, political, and economic developments in the nation. Early on, under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, the court made clear its awareness of the critical role played by the clause in protecting against what Marshall termed the “sudden and strong passions” that can drive legislatures to enact ex post facto laws. Later in the century, in the late 1860s, the court applied the clause to invalidate post-Civil War “loyalty oath” laws barring former Confederate sympathizers from specified professions. In doing so, the court made clear that the ex post facto prohibition “cannot be evaded by the form in which the power of the State is exerted.” In subsequent decisions during the 1870s the court invalidated on ex post facto grounds other retroactive laws, again taking a highly critical perspective of the laws and adopting a broad understanding of what qualifies as punishment.