bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a 12‐Phosphomolybdate‐based Coordination Polymer@Crumpled Graphene Balls Composite as Anode for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhuo Jinlong , Cui Hongyun , Zheng Yiqun , Hu Ming , Li Shuxian , Sha Jingquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo address the poor electronic conductivity and easily dissolved in electrolyte of polyoxometalates (POMs), and considering the high electrical conductivity and configuration advantages of crumpled graphene balls (CGBs), herein, a series of POM‐based coordination polymers [Cu(pyttz)2]PMo12@CGB (n, n=1, 2, 3) were successfully synthesized, and electrochemical lithium storage performance and lithium ion diffusion kinetics were comprehensively investigated. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) study confirm that [Cu(pyttz)2]PMo12@CGB (n, n=1, 2, 3) integrates the advantage of high electronic conductivity of CGB and excellent Li+ migration kinetics of POMs, which greatly ameliorates the electrochemical performances of POMs, among [Cu(pyttz)2]PMo12@CGB (2) exhibits an excellent reversible specific capacity of around 941.4 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 150 cycles and admirable rate performance. This work will promote the development of POMCP anodes, thus fulfilling their potential in high‐performance LIBs.
Medical service utilization and costs of autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from hospital records in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhao Yanan , Su Binbin , Zhu Dawei , Guan Xiaolong , Ding Ruoxi , Guo Dan , Lu Feng , He Ping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs more and more people are diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is necessary to better understand their costs. Detailed information on medical service utilization and costs could aid in designing equitable, effective policies to support individuals with ASD and their families. In this retrospective analysis, individuals with a hospital encounter (outpatient visit or inpatient admission) were collected from Beijing Municipal Health Big Data and Policy Research Center (BMHBD), from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021. We analyzed the costs, hospital visits/admissions and their changing trends over 5 years. Poisson regression and logit regression were conducted to analyze the influencing factors of visits, admissions and costs. The study population consisted of 26,826 users of medical services (26,583 outpatients and 243 inpatients; mean age: 4.82 ± 3.47 years for outpatients; 11.62 ± 6.74 years for inpatients). 99.1% were outpatients (mean ± standard deviation (SD) costs per year: $422.06 ± $11.89), while 0.9% were inpatients (mean ± SD costs per year: $4411.71 ± $925.81). More than 50% of outpatients received medication and diagnostic testing services. Among those with an inpatient admission, 91% received treatment services. Medication costs were the major contributor to medical costs for adults. Diagnostic test and treatment costs were the major contributors for children and adolescents. The findings demonstrated a significant economic burden for those diagnosed with ASD and highlighted opportunities for improving the care of this vulnerable group. This study adds to the literature by focusing on age differences among health‐care utilization in individuals with ASD.
Efficient production of fluorophore‐labeled CC chemokines for biophysical studies using recombinant enterokinase and recombinant sortase
Authors: Guan Wenyan , Zhang Ning , Bains Arjan , Sadqi Mourad , Dupureur Cynthia M. , LiWang Patricia J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChemokines are important immune system proteins, many of which mediate inflammation due to their function to activate and cause chemotaxis of leukocytes. An important anti‐inflammatory strategy is therefore to bind and inhibit chemokines, which leads to the need for biophysical studies of chemokines as they bind various possible partners. Because a successful anti‐chemokine drug should bind at low concentrations, techniques such as fluorescence anisotropy that can provide nanomolar signal detection are required. To allow fluorescence experiments to be carried out on chemokines, a method is described for the production of fluorescently labeled chemokines. First, a fusion‐tagged chemokine is produced in Escherichia coli, then efficient cleavage of the N‐terminal fusion partner is carried out with lab‐produced enterokinase, followed by covalent modification with a fluorophore, mediated by the lab‐produced sortase enzyme. This overall process reduces the need for expensive commercial enzymatic reagents. Finally, we utilize the product, vMIP‐fluor, in binding studies with the chemokine binding protein vCCI, which has great potential as an anti‐inflammatory therapeutic, showing a binding constant for vCCI:vMIP‐fluor of 0.37 ± 0.006 nM. We also show how a single modified chemokine homolog (vMIP‐fluor) can be used in competition assays with other chemokines and we report a Kd for vCCI:CCL17 of 14 μM. This work demonstrates an efficient method of production and fluorescent labeling of chemokines for study across a broad range of concentrations.
Parkinson's disease: Are gut microbes involved?
Authors: Omotosho Abass Olawale , Tajudeen Yusuf Amuda , Oladipo Habeebullah Jayeola , Yusuff Sodiq Inaolaji , AbdulKadir Muritala , Muili Abdulbasit Opeyemi , Egbewande Oluwaseyi Muyiwa , Yusuf Rashidat Onyinoyi , Faniran Zaccheaus Oluwaseun , Afolabi Abdullateef Opeyemi , El‐Sherbini Mona Said 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects more than 10 million individuals worldwide. It is characterized by motor and sensory deficits. Research studies have increasingly demonstrated a correlation between Parkinson's disease and alternations in the composition of the gut microbiota in affected patients. Also, the significant role of prebiotics and probiotics in gastrointestinal and neurological conditions is imperative to understand their relation to Parkinson's disease.MethodTo explore the scientific interaction of the gut‐microbiota‐brain axis and its association with Parkinson's disease, a comprehensive narrative review of the relevant literature was conducted. Articles were retrieved systematically from reputable sources, including PubMed, Science Direct, World Health Organization (WHO), and Advanced Google Scholar. Key search terms included are “Parkinson's Disease”, “Gut Microbiome”, “Braak's Theory”, “Neurological Disorders”, and “Gut‐brain axis”. Articles included in our review are published in English and they provide detailed information on the relationship between Parkinson's disease and gut microbiotaResultsThis review highlights the impact of gut microbiota composition and associated factors on the progression of Parkinson's disease. Evidence‐based studies highlighting the existing evidence of the relationship between Parkinson's disease and alteration in gut microbiota are discussed. Consequently, the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect the composition of the gut microbiota were revealed, with a particular emphasis on the role of the gut‐brain axis in this interplay.ConclusionUnderstanding the complex interplay between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease is a potential implication for the development of novel therapeutics against Parkinson's disease. Following the existing relationship demonstrated by different evidence‐based studies on Parkinson's disease and gut microbiota, our review concludes by providing recommendations and suggestions for future research studies with a particular emphasis on the impact of the microbiota‐brain axis on Parkinson's disease.
MCP‐1 expression in breast cancer and its association with distant relapse
Authors: Mulholland Bridie S. , Hofstee Pierre , Millar Ewan K. A. , Bliuc Dana , O'Toole Sandra , Forwood Mark R. , McDonald Michelle M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundDistant relapse of breast cancer complicates management of the disease and accounts for 90% of breast cancer‐related deaths. Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) has critical roles in breast cancer progression and is widely accepted as a pro‐metastatic chemokine.MethodsThis study explored MCP‐1 expression in the primary tumour of 251 breast cancer patients. A simplified ‘histoscore’ was used to determine if each tumour had high or low expression of MCP‐1. Patient breast cancers were retrospectively staged based on available patient data. p < 0.05 was used to determine significance and changes in hazard ratios between models were considered.ResultsLow MCP‐1 expression in the primary tumour was associated with breast cancer‐related death with distant relapse in ER− breast cancers (p < 0.01); however, this was likely a result of most low MCP‐1‐expressing ER− breast cancers being Stage III or Stage IV, with high MCP‐1 expression in the primary tumour significantly correlated with Stage I breast cancers (p < 0.05). Expression of MCP‐1 in the primary ER− tumours varied across Stage I, II, III and IV and we highlighted a switch in MCP‐1 expression from high in Stage I ER− cancers to low in Stage IV ER− cancers.ConclusionThis study has emphasised a critical need for further investigation into MCP‐1's role in breast cancer progression and improved characterisation of MCP‐1 in breast cancers, particularly in light of the development of anti‐MCP‐1, anti‐metastatic therapies.
Reflections on Navigating a Pandemic: Perspectives from the Chemical Biology Community
Authors: Conibear Anne C. , Hartrampf Nina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe early‐career researchers showcased in this ChemBioTalents special collection, and many others who have established their independent scientific careers over the last three years, have experienced a unique set of circumstances. The Covid‐19 pandemic necessitated new forms of communication and interpersonal interactions: From online interviews and virtual networking to relocating and establishing labs during a pandemic, we faced many challenges, but also unexpected opportunities. In this perspective, we reflect on this unique and formative time through personal anecdotes and viewpoints, trying to capture diverse experiences from the Chemical Biology community and beyond. We have tried to get a broad and varied set of perspectives, however, the selection is biased towards researchers who were able to start their independent careers.1
Calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in a Dalmatian dog
Authors: Planas Carles , Novellas Rosa , Espada Yvonne , Lloret Albert , Alomar Jaume 
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical MessageCalvarial hyperostosis syndrome is an uncommon and self‐limiting disease affecting juvenile dogs. Only symptomatic treatment has been described, and diagnosis is based on clinical findings, imaging, and disease progression.AbstractThis is the first reported case of calvarial hyperostosis syndrome in a Dalmatian dog. It is an uncommon osteoproliferative disease with diagnosis frequently based on clinical signs, imaging findings, and disease progression, with only symptomatic treatment described. Case describes a 5‐month‐old Dalmatian dog presented with a facial mass and difficulty eating. After imaging, mass was observed to be osteoproliferative, nonaggressive, and without affection of the temporomandibular joints and mandibles. Histology revealed an osseous–cartilaginous and proliferative lesion, together with scant amount of neutrophiles. Clinical improvement was observed after symptomatic treatment, and moderate lesion regression was observed in a CT reevaluation 6 months later.
Subcutaneous dirofilariasis in children—An emerging zoonotic nematodal infection: A case series
Authors: Varghese Tharakan K. O. , Chandran Chandana , Pranala Maanasi , Sanker Vivek , Gupta Umang 
Published: June 2023

Key clinical MessageHuman subcutaneous dirofilariasis is an infection caused by filarial worms. Due to the recent rise of human disease, it is considered as an emerging zoonosis. Most of the cases in children recorded in India had ocular infection; very few subcutaneous cases of dirofilariasis have been reported in children.
Multilevel carbon architecture of subnanoscopic silicon for fast‐charging high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries
Authors: Han Meisheng , Mu Yongbiao , Wei Lei , Zeng Lin , Zhao Tianshou 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSilicon (Si) is widely used as a lithium‐ion‐battery anode owing to its high capacity and abundant crustal reserves. However, large volume change upon cycling and poor conductivity of Si cause rapid capacity decay and poor fast‐charging capability limiting its commercial applications. Here, we propose a multilevel carbon architecture with vertical graphene sheets (VGSs) grown on surfaces of subnanoscopically and homogeneously dispersed Si–C composite nanospheres, which are subsequently embedded into a carbon matrix (C/VGSs@Si–C). Subnanoscopic C in the Si–C nanospheres, VGSs, and carbon matrix form a three‐dimensional conductive and robust network, which significantly improves the conductivity and suppresses the volume expansion of Si, thereby boosting charge transport and improving electrode stability. The VGSs with vast exposed edges considerably increase the contact area with the carbon matrix and supply directional transport channels through the entire material, which boosts charge transport. The carbon matrix encapsulates VGSs@Si–C to decrease the specific surface area and increase tap density, thus yielding high first Coulombic efficiency and electrode compaction density. Consequently, C/VGSs@Si–C delivers excellent Li‐ion storage performances under industrial electrode conditions. In particular, the full cells show high energy densities of 603.5 Wh kg−1 and 1685.5 Wh L−1 at 0.1 C and maintain 80.7% of the energy density at 3 C.
Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations of Group 13 Oxyfluorides OMF2 and OMF (M=B, Al, Ga, In)
Authors: Wen Mei , Medel Robert , Deng Guohai , Tsegaw Yetsedaw A. , Lu Yan , Riedel Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGroup 13 oxyfluorides OMF2 were produced by the reactions of laser‐ablated group 13 atoms M (M=B, Al, Ga and In) with OF2 and isolated in excess neon or argon matrices at 5 K. These molecules were characterized by matrix‐isolation infrared spectroscopy and isotopic substitution experiments in conjunction with quantum‐chemical calculations. The calculations indicate that the OMF2 molecules have a 2B2 ground state with C2v symmetry. The computed molecular orbitals and spin densities show that the unpaired electron is mainly located at the terminal oxygen atom. Oxo monofluorides OMF were only observed in solid argon matrices and exhibit a linear structure in the singlet ground state. The M−O bonding in the OMF molecules can be rationalized as highly polar multiple bonds based on the calculated bond lengths and natural resonance theory (NRT) analyses. In particular, the molecular orbitals of OBF exhibit the character of a triple bond B−O resulting from two degenerate electron‐sharing π bonds and an O→B dative σ bond formed by the oxygen 2p lone pair which donates electron density to the boron empty 2p orbital.
Photoreforming – green hydrogen from alcohol, sugar and starch
Authors: Venzlaff Julian , Bohrmann‐Linde Claudia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDie Herstellung des Energieträgers Wasserstoff erfolgt vielfach noch immer über Dampfreformierung, bei der Kohlenstoffdioxid in hohem Maße freigesetzt wird. Dabei gibt es schon heute neben der Elektrolyse von Wasser mittels Stroms aus erneuerbaren Energien auch weitere Wege, wie Lichtenergie genutzt werden kann, um grünen Wasserstoff herzustellen. Hierzu zählt die Photoreformierung. Mit einem geeigneten Photokatalysator werden CO2‐neutral zumeist organische Substrate zu Wasserstoff und weiteren Nebenprodukten umgesetzt. Für die Einbindung in den Chemieunterricht ermöglicht dieses Thema im Rahmen einer Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) die Betrachtung verschiedener Perspektiven und Dimensionen, wodurch neben aktuellen Problemstellungen auch zukunftsweisende Technologien diskutiert werden können.
Differential treatment effect between younger and older adults for new cancer therapies in solid tumors supporting US Food and Drug Administration approval between 2010 and 2021
Authors: Wilson Brooke E. , Desnoyers Alexandra , Nadler Michelle B. , Amir Eitan , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundOver one half of cancer diagnoses occur in patients aged 65 and older. The authors quantified how treatment effects differ between older and younger patients in oncology registration trials.MethodsThe authors performed a retrospective cohort study of registration trials supporting US Food and Drug Administration approval of cancer drugs (from January 2010 to December 2021). The primary outcome was differential treatment effect by age (younger than 65 years vs. 65 years or older) for progression‐free survival and overall survival. Random effects meta‐analysis and a pairwise comparison of outcomes by age group also were performed.ResultsAmong 263 trials that met the inclusion criteria, 120 trials with 153 end points and 83,152 patients presented age‐specific outcome data. Among the included randomized patients, 38% were aged 65 years and older compared with an incidence proportion of 55% in data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Studies evaluating prostate cancer had the highest representation of patients aged 65 years or older (73%), whereas breast cancer studies had the lowest (20%). There were no changes in the proportion of patients aged 65 years or older over time (p = .86). Only 7% of end points showed a statistically significant interaction between outcome and age group. In a pooled analysis, there was an association between treatment effect and age for progression‐free survival that approached but did not meet significance (hazard ratio, 0.95; p = .06), and there was no difference for overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.97; p = .79).ConclusionsOlder adults remain under‐represented in oncology registration trials. Significant differences in outcomes by age group were uncommon in individual trials and pooled analyses. However, clinical trial participants differ from real‐world patients older than 65 years, and increased enrollment and ongoing research into differential treatment effects by age are needed.
Carbon Dioxide Cycloaddition to Epoxides Promoted by Nicotinamidium Halide Catalysts: A DFT Investigation
Authors: Butera Valeria 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe utilization of CO2as building block for the production of cyclic carbonate is a promising route to simultaneously mitigate the global warming issue and obtain valuable commercial chemicals. In this work, the activity of nicotinamidium halide catalysts towards the CO2conversion into cyclic carbonate has been explored by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. DFT calculations support the ability, suggested experimentally, of the pyridium α‐C−H proton of the catalysts to activate the epoxide ringviaa hydrogen bond. Interestingly, DFT calculations underline the involvement of then‐octyl substituent of the pyridyl ring in the epoxide activation, while the hydrogen atom of the amide group N−H is rather involved in the stabilization of the iodide trough electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the replacement of the pyridium α‐C−H proton with the bulkier methyl group leads to a different reaction mechanism. The calculated energy barriers well reproduce the experimental trends of the studied catalysts, and the computed activation barrier of 29.0 kcal/mol, relative to the ring opening step of the most active catalyst, is in line with the experimental working temperature of 80 °C. Those results shed light on the CO2fixation reaction contributing to the development of more efficient catalytic systems.
Diesel exhaust particles alter gut microbiome and gene expression in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris
Authors: Seidenath Dimitri , Weig Alfons R. , Mittereder Andreas , Hillenbrand Thomas , Brüggemann Dieter , Opel Thorsten , Langhof Nico , Riedl Marcel , Feldhaar Heike , Otti Oliver 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInsect decline is a major threat to ecosystems around the world as they provide many important functions, such as pollination or pest control. Pollution is one of the main reasons for the decline, alongside changes in land use, global warming, and invasive species. While negative impacts of pesticides are well‐studied, there is still a lack of knowledge about the effects of other anthropogenic pollutants, such as airborne particulate matter, on insects. To address this, we exposed workers of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris to sublethal doses of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and brake dust, orally or via air. After 7 days, we looked at the composition of the gut microbiome and tracked changes in gene expression. While there were no changes in the other treatments, oral DEP exposure significantly altered the structure of the gut microbiome. In particular, the core bacterium Snodgrassella had a decreased abundance in the DEP treatment. Similarly, transcriptome analysis revealed changes in gene expression after oral DEP exposure, but not in the other treatments. The changes are related to metabolism and signal transduction, which indicates a general stress response. Taken together, our results suggest potential health effects of DEP exposure on insects, here shown in bumblebees, as gut dysbiosis may increase the susceptibility of bumblebees to pathogens, while a general stress response may lower available energy resources. Those effects may exacerbate under natural conditions where insects face a multiple‐stressor environment.
Body mass decline in a Mediterranean community of solitary bees supports the size shrinking effect of climatic warming
Authors: Herrera Carlos M. , Núñez Alejandro , Valverde Javier , Alonso Conchita 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe long‐known, widely documented inverse relationship between body size and environmental temperature (“temperature‐size rule”) has recently led to predictions of body size decline following current climatic warming (“size shrinking effect”). For keystone pollinators such as wild bees, body shrinking in response to warming can have significant effects on pollination processes but there is still little direct evidence of the phenomenon because adequate tests require controlling for confounding factors linked to climate change (e.g., habitat change). This paper assesses the shrinking effect in a community of solitary bees from well‐preserved habitats in the core of a large nature reserve experiencing climatic warming without disturbances or habitat changes. Long‐term variation in mean body mass was evaluated using data from 1704 individual bees (137 species, 27 genera, 6 families) sampled over 1990–2023. Climate warmed at a fast rate during this period, annual mean of daily maximum temperature increasing 0.069°C/year on average during 2000–2020. Changes in bee body mass verified expectations from the size shrinking effect. The mean individual body mass of the community of solitary bees declined significantly, irrespective of whether the analysis referred to the full species sample or only to the subset of species that were sampled in both the old (1990–1997) and recent (2022–2023) periods. On average, body mass declined ~0.7%·year−1, or an estimated average cumulative reduction of ~20 mg per individual bee from 1990 to 2023. Proportional size reduction was greatest among large‐bodied species, ranging from around −0.6%·year−1 for the smallest species to −0.9%·year−1 for the largest ones. Declining rate was steeper for cavity‐nesting than ground‐nesting species. The pollination and mating systems of bee‐pollinated plants in the study region are probably undergoing significant alterations as a consequence of supra‐annual decline in bee body mass.