bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of War on Educational Institutions of Eastern Tigray Zone, Tigray State, Ethiopia.
Authors: Tekulu . Fikre Belay , Asgedom Desalegn Birhane , Gebre Haftom Teshale , Desta Gebretsadikan Mulubirhan , Shifare Tsigab Hagos , Gebremariam Hagos , Hadigu Tadesse Birhane 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of war on school damages in the Eastern Tigrai zone. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods, such as questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation used for data collection. Simple random sampling was used to select the participants. The study indicated 82.6 percent of the household respondent believes the effect of war on school destruction is high to very high. Based on the field observation of randomly selected schools 57.1 percent and 42.9 percent of schools are severely and completely damaged respectively. The study employed a linear regression model the result depicts statistically significant and war explains 84.6 percent of the observed change in school damage. The destruction of schools resulted in 50.3 percent of students being unable to attend their elementary school and the radius of walking distances to elementary and secondary schools increased from 2.2 km to 4.84 km and 6.3 km to 18.22 km respectively. The destruction of schools has resulted from the total collapse of the educational system in the Eastern Tigrai zone. The study will be helpful for the establishment to take suitable steps in the restoration process.
Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of MMRN1: A Rising Star in Cancer
Authors: Zhou Qing , Liu Ying , Zhang Wenling 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Multimerin 1 (MMRN1) is a factor V binding protein, which could support platelet adhesion and thrombus formation. In recent years, the role of MMRN1 in cancer has begun to attract attention. But systematic studies in this area are lacking. Therefore, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze MMRN1 in tumors to reveal the possible role of MMRN1.Methods Using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database, we obtained relevant data for analyzing MMRN1. Using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), TCGA, GeneMANIA, and cBioPortal, we explored the potential role of MMRN1 in different types of tumors. Tumor Immune System Interactions and Drug Bank (TISIDB) and Sangerbox were used to analyze the correlation between MMRN1 and tumor immunity. Gene set cancer analysis (GSCA) and UALCAN were used to analyze the methylation of MMRN1. GSCA was also used to analyze the drug sensitivity of MMRN1.Results MMRN1 is down-regulated in most cancer types and is closely related to the prognosis of cancer patients. Interestingly, MMRN1 was found to be positively correlated with immune-related genes in most tumors. In addition, we observed different levels of methylation and mutations in different types of tumors. Drug sensitivity analysis found that MMRN1 was negatively correlated with several drugs, including GW-2580 and TL-1-85, suggesting that it can be used to develop potential anticancer therapies.Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between MMRN1 and prognosis, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity of several tumors. As a rising star in cancer, it needs further research.
The Two-dimensional MHD Simulation of The Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Filawati Siska , Setiahadi Bambang , Subagyo Bintoro Anang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The magnetosphere is the outermost part of the Earth, formed by the interaction of the Earth's dipole magnetic field and the solar wind. Solar wind conditions depend on solar activity, which can affect space weather. One of the solar activities that significantly impact space weather is Coronal Mass Ejection (CME). The magnetosphere is observed using satellites in space-based and using a magnetometer on earth-based. However, these observations are limited to a specific location and time. In this work, we are interested in employing magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) to investigate the interaction of solar wind in the magnetosphere. The MHD has four equations: transfer of mass, momentum, magnetic, and thermal energy, which explain the four main parameters of the solar wind: density, velocity, magnetic field, and pressure, respectively. From these four parameters, the response of Earth's magnetosphere can be identified. Here, we used both analytical and numerical calculation via the SHASTA-FCT. The results show that the positive interplanetary magnetic field merges to Earth's magnetic field. However, the negative interplanetary magnetic field does not merge with Earth's magnetic field. We also observed that the solar wind speed affects the simulation time. The higher the solar wind speed, the shorter the simulation time. The bow shock as a result of the interaction of the solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field is formed at a distance of ∼ 50, 000 km, and the magnetopause as a result of the equilibrium of the solar wind pressure and the pressure of the Earth's magnetic field has a thickness of ∼ 5, 000 km. In addition, we also discuss Alfven's velocity represents the motion of the magnetic field.
Reclaiming the concept of professionalism in the digital context; a principle-based concept analysis
Authors: Guraya Shaista Salman , Guraya Salman Yousuf , Rashid-Doubell Fiza , Fredericks Salim , Harkin Denis W , Nor Mohd Zarawi Mat , Yousuff Muhamad Saiful Bahri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis concept analysis aims to present the best estimate of understanding and attitudes of medical and allied healthcare students and educators towards e-professionalism. This work also elucidates the probable truth about safeguarding the concept of medical professionalism in the digital context.MethodsThis concept analysis was adopted by the Penrod and Hupcey’s principle-based approach using the key term ‘e-professionalism’. On January 2023, PubMed and ISI web of Science were searched for English-language peer-reviewed articles specific to e-professionalism in the medical field. The finally selected research corpus contained 63 articles.ResultsA comprehensive analysis of the existing body of knowledge highlighted that e-professionalism is an epistemologically mature and distinct concept with a standard definition. However, inconsistencies in conceptual meanings were reported due to varied understandings despite digital literacy. The pragmatic utility showed a lack of sound methodological and philosophical paradigms. Perhaps the technological rapid advancements and manifestations have hampered the linguistic maturity. However, logically, e-professionalism is perceived as an extension of conventional professionalism but with a contextual hinging demanding a distinct framework with a set of attributes to be digitally relevant.ConclusionThis concept analysis provides insight into the scarcity of research regarding the collective perspective of essential stakeholders, highlighting the need to investigate further e-professionalism and its complex patterns emerging within the digital context. There is also a recognition of the need for a framework implementation to guide future healthcare professionals. Such framework may potentially yield a more profound understanding and remediation strategies to keep pace with the rapidly advancing medical field in the digital realm.
Key Genes and Biological Regulatory Mechanisms in Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Meta-Analysis and Validation of Expression Profiles
Authors: Roointan Amir , Ghaeidamini Maryam , Yavari Parvin , Naimi Azar , Gheisari Yousof , Gholaminejad Alieh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) - a histologic pattern of injury in the glomerulus - is one of the leading glomerular causes of ESRD worldwide. Despite vigorous research, the underlying biological alterations causing FSGS remain to be understood. Studying the variations in gene expression profiles is one of the promising approaches to have a holistic view of the FSGS molecular pathogenicity and help to discover key elements as potential therapeutic targets. The present work is a meta-analysis study including all the microarray gene expression profiles coming from glomerular samples of FSGS patients. Reaching to a consensus list of differentially expressed genes in FSGS condition, understanding the disease pathogenicity, and identification of novel therapeutic targets were the main aims of this study.
Methods: After a vigorous search in GEO database and quality control assessments, seven gene expression datasets including GSE47183 (GPL14663), GSE47183 (GPL11670), GSE99340, GSE108109, GSE121233, GSE129973, and GSE104948 were selected for the meta-analysis. The random effect size method was applied and the identified meta-DEGs were considered for the construction of a regulatory network (STRING, MiRTarBase, and TRRUST), as well as performing different pathway enrichment analyses. The expression levels of several meta-DEGs (ADAMTS1, PF4, EGR1, and EGF) as angiogenesis regulators were analyzed using RT-qPCR method.
Results: The identified 2898 meta-DEGs including 665 downregulated and 669 upregulated DEGs were subjected to different analyses. A co-regulatory network including 2859 DEGs, 2688 miRNAs, and 374 TFs was constructed and top molecules in the network (based on degree centrality) were identified. A part of the pathway enrichment analysis revealed a significant distortion in the angiogenesis regulatory pathways in the FSGS kidney. The results of RT-qPCR showed the presence of an imbalance in angiogenetic pathways by confirming the differential expression levels of ADAMTS1and EGR1 as the two main angiogenesis regulators in the FSGS condition.
Conclusion: Despite providing a consensus list of differentially expressed genes in the FSGS condition, this meta-analysis revealed the existence of distortion in the angiogenesis-related pathways and factors in the FSGS kidney. Controlling such factors might be a possible way to hinder the progression of FSGS.
Dramatic improvements of terrestrial biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Xu Haigen , Liu Wei , Yi Jianfeng , Mu Tong , Yu Dandan , Li Jiaqi , Ma Fangzhou , Chen Jing , Wilcove David 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChina has launched unprecedented investments in conservation and restoration programmes to prevent soil erosion, protect forest ecosystems and biodiversity, and improve carbon sequestration. However, the impacts of socio-economic developments and large-scale conservation and restoration programmes on biodiversity are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the spatial-temporal trends of the optimized Living Planet Index (LPI) based on bird monitoring from 2011 to 2020 in 536 sites in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), the third largest river in the world. We found that the LPI of all birds in the upper and middle reaches of the YRB increased by 7.80% and 7.64%, respectively, and terrestrial bird diversity showed an increasing trend in the whole watershed, owing to the huge investments of terrestrial conservation and restoration programmes. Increasing functional diversity of birds in YRB is indicative of enhanced ecosystem functioning. Almost 75% of the rare and endangered birds in the Yangtze River basin are protected. However, waterbird diversity mostly declined, notably by 14.40% in the lower reaches, likely because of insufficient conservation measures for and huge human pressures to wetlands. The significant improvements in terrestrial bird diversity indicate the success of post-2020 global targets as well as huge investments in biodiversity conservation, while the decline of waterbird diversity highlights the urgent need for further biodiversity protection for the world’s third largest river.
Bio-based Phosphate-nitrogen Hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal Flame Retardant: Design, Synthesis and Improving Epoxy Resin Fire Safety
Authors: Di Hang , Wang Chang , Ren Shuo , Wu Jianing , Sun Xuyang , Fang Lide , Kong Xiangjie , Xu Jianzhong , Meng Weihua 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBio-based flame retardants meet the requirements of environmentally friendly flame retardants. In this article, nitrogen and phosphorus-modified bio-based cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite (NPCNCs) was designed and added into epoxy resin (EP) to measure flame retardancy and mechanical property. NPCNCs was successfully synthesized using ice bath polymerization and it exhibited a fibrous appearance with a rough surface, in which N and P elements were connected through hydrogen bonding. When corresponding into EP, NPCNCs endowed EP composite with excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression. For the EP/6NPCNCs, the LOI value was 27.6% which was higher than that of pure EP (23.5%). Compared with pure EP, the THR, PHRR, TSP and PSPR value of composites decreased by 27.27%, 43.34%,70.21% and 66.67%. This was attributed to catalysis-dehydration and carbonization, carbon support of CNCs, gas phase dilution. In addition, the mechanical property of the EP composites was analyzed, and the results showed that the mechanical properties were basically maintained compared with the pure EP. This article will provide a new way for the design bio-based P and N-modified flame retardants.
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Cardiovascular Manifestations in Patients with COVID-19 in Qatar
Authors: Othman Fahmi , Abid Abdul Rehman , Nashwan Abdulqadir J. , AlIbrahim Mohammad , Manoher Gagan , AbdulKarim Sabir , Habib Hafiz Hamid 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background: Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 are associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To study outcome of patients having cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 infection.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at Hazem Mebaireek General Hospital, Qatar from March 8th to August 30th, 2020. 467 patients admitted with COVID-19 and cardiac manifestations were retrospectively studied. Patients of both genders, age >18 years with cardiac manifestations were studied. Data was collected by chart reviews on Cerner.
Results: Mean age of the study population was 55.12±14.87 years, 438(93.8%) males and 29(6.2%) females. Hypertension was observed in 251(53.7%) and diabetes mellitus in 238(51%) patients. Reason for cardiology consultation was raised Troponins in 77(16.5%), abnormal ECG in 75(16.1%) and chest pain in 66(14.1%) patients. Cardiac diagnosis was Myocardial injury in 108(23.1%) and Type II MI in 72(15.4%), STEMI in 51(10.9%), and NSTEMI in 51(10.9%) patients. Atrial fibrillation was observed in 76(16.3%). The mean hospital stay was 15.4±23.5 days. For STEMI primary PCI was performed in 28(54.9%), thrombolysis administered in 11(21.5%), and 12(23.5%) patients were treated medically. Overall mortality was 67(14.3%), with in-hospital mortality of 66(14.1%) and 1(0.2%) patient died post-discharge. CRP level was significantly higher in deceased patients, p-value <0.00001.
Conclusion: Abnormal ECG, chest pain, Myocardial injury, Type II MI, ST, and Non-ST elevation MI were common cardiovascular manifestations in COVID pneumonia. Raised CRP, Trop T, Urea, creatinine, and WBC counts were predictors of in-hospital death in COVID patients.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus testing and associated factors among pregnant women in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nuwabaine Lilian , Kawuki Joseph , Namulema Angella , Asiimwe John Baptist , Sserwanja Quraish , Gatasi Ghislaine , Donkor Elorm 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing during pregnancy is crucial for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, thus aiding in prompt treatment, care, and support. However, HIV testing among pregnant women in Rwanda has been barely explored. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HIV testing among pregnant women in Rwanda.MethodsSecondary data from the 2020 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey comprising 870 pregnant women were used. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select participants. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the factors associated with HIV testing, using SPSS (version 25).ResultsOf the 870 pregnant women, 94.0% (95% CI: 92.3–95.4) had tested for HIV during their current pregnancy. Younger age (AOR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.54–4.42), not working (AOR = 4.29, 95%CI: 1.52–12.08), large household size (AOR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.01–8.61), multiple sex partners (AOR = 4.16, 95%CI: 3.01–5.74), as well as secondary (AOR = 8.07, 95%CI: 2.15–11.43), primary (AOR = 5.53, 95%CI: 1.28–9.74) and no (AOR = 6.07, 95%CI: 1.21–10.44) education were positively associated with HIV testing. However, being unmarried (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.19–0.86), belonging to the western region (AOR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.63–0.66), having not visited a health facility (AOR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.10–0.48), and not having comprehensive HIV knowledge (AOR = 0.68, 95%CI: 0.30–0.55) were negatively associated with HIV testing.ConclusionsA high proportion of pregnant women had tested for HIV. However, there is a need for improved access to HIV education and testing facilities to address regional imbalances. The need for consideration of occupation, family and household dynamics in HIV testing promotion strategies is also highlighted.
Regional drivers of fish tissue mercury concentrations in the Great Plains, USA
Authors: Larréy Matthew , Manning David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mercury, a highly toxic metal, is deposited onto land from the atmosphere through wet and dry deposition, and can be transported into waterways. In lakes and streams, mercury bioaccumulates and then biomagnifies in sediments and aquatic food webs. Thus, mercury from food web sources can be biomagnified in fish tissue, and humans can be exposed through consuming contaminated fishes. Several biological, chemical, and physical factors influence the concentration of mercury in fish tissues, such as species identity, and watershed land use. We accessed publicly available fish tissue mercury data for six states in the Great Plains, USA (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, and South Dakota), and linked them to watershed characteristics such as land use. We used mixed-effect regression analysis and model selection approaches to test the prediction that the presence of wetlands and agriculture in the watershed increases the mercury concentration found in fish tissue. Fish tissue mercury depended on species identity foremost and secondarily on spatial variables (e.g. land use/land cover, state). Presence of wetlands and mixed-forest habitat in the watershed increased fish tissue mercury concentration, but other land uses showed weaker relationships. Overall, our results emphasized the importance of species traits in predicting fish tissue mercury concentrations. Analysis of watershed land use and land cover variables also explained variation in fish contamination, highlighting the importance of watershed-scale parameters in evaluations of mercury exposure from wild-caught fish.
Efficacy and safety of iguratimod combined with celecoxib in active axial spondyloarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Chen Xiaochan , Wang Wenwen , Xue Jing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background The current treatment options for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) are limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of iguratimod in adult patients with active axSPA.Methods The cohort of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comprised adult patients who fulfilled the 2009 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) criteria for axSpA or the 1984 New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. The trial lasted for 28 weeks. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive iguratimod 25 mg twice daily or a placebo. All patients also took celecoxib 200 mg twice daily for the first 4 weeks and on demand from Weeks 4 to 28. The primary endpoint was the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) index in the two treatment groups. Other assessment variables included ASAS20, ASAS40, and ASAS5/6 response rates, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Scores, Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scores, and adverse events.Results A total of 31 patients completed the study and were included for analyses. The NSAID index was 43.8 (34.9–51.8) in the iguratimod group, which is significantly lower than the 68.9 (42.5–86.4) in the placebo group (p = 0.025). ASAS response rates and changes in disease activity scores were all similar between the iguratimod and placebo groups. Patients in the iguratimod group had more improvement in SPARCC scores for sacroiliac joints than did those in the placebo group (73% [68–100%] vs. 40% [0–54%], p = 0.013). Iguratimod combined with celecoxib was not associated with a greater risk of adverse effects than was monotherapy with celecoxib. No severe adverse events occurred.Conclusions Iguratimod may be an effective and safe treatment for adult patients with active axSPA, helping to reduce the dose of NSAIDs and alleviate inflammation in sacroiliac joints. Iguratimod provides an additional treatment option for patients with active axSPA.
Hyperglycemia induces microglial pyroptosis via activation of NLRP3 inflammasome: implication in neurological impairment during ischemia stroke
Authors: Luo Ensi , Li Zhuo , Zhang Shiying , Wen Yin , Yang Zixi , Li Xusheng , Li Weifeng , Zeng Hongke , Ding Hongguang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Elevated levels of blood glucose in patients with ischemic stroke are associated with a worse prognosis. This study aimed to explore whether hyperglycemia promotes microglial pyroptosis via activating NLRP3 inflammasome in an acute ischemic stroke model. C57BL/6 mice that underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion were used for assessment of blood glucose level and neurological function. To investigate the significance of NLRP3 inflammasome, the NLRP3−/− mice were applied and the expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMS-D, IL-1β and IL-18 were evaluated. In addition, Z-YVAD-FMK, a caspase-1 inhibitor, was used to treat microglia to determine whether activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was required for the enhancing effect of hyperglycemia on pyroptosis. We revealed that hyperglycemia accelerated cerebral injury in the acute ischemic stroke model, evidenced by decreased latencies to falls and percentage of foot fault. Furthermore, hyperglycemia induced microglial pyroptosis, proved by the evidence of increased levels of caspase-1, GSDMS-N, IL-1β and IL-18. However, the knockout of NLRP3 attenuated these effects. Pharmacological inhibition of caspase-1 also reduced the expression levels of GSDMS-N, IL-1β and IL-18 in microglial cells. These results suggested that hyperglycemia stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1 expression up-regulation, thus leading to the aggravation of pyroptosis following ischemic stroke.