bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of the stressed-deformed state of a tubular element under thermal loading
Authors: Maksimyuk Yuriy , Martyniuk Ivan , Kozak Oleksandr , Maksimyuk Oleksandr 
Published: August 2023

In articles [2-5] solving relations and the block iteration method algorithm for solving linear and nonlinear equations by the semi-analytical finite element method for curvilinear heterogeneous prismatic bodies are implemented. In article [1], a numerical study of the convergence of the solution was performed, a wide range of test problems for bodies with smoothly and abruptly changing physical and geometric characteristics in elastic and elastic-plastic settings were considered. In [6], to confirm the reliability of the results obtained on the basis of the semi-analytical method of finite elements, the effectiveness of the application of this approach for the calculation of curvilinear inhomogeneous prismatic objects is shown. Solving control problems of the theory of elasticity, thermoelasticity, and thermoplasticity, as well as shape change problems, makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the reliability of the results of the research of a selected class of objects based on the developed methodology and implements its application program package.
In this paper, using the methodology outlined in the above works, the results of the numerical solution of the problem, which have an applied value, were presented. The stress-strain state of a tubular element with a rectangular cutout under conditions of thermoforce loading was studied. As a rule, solving similar problems is carried out in a flat setting without taking into account the bending load. This approach greatly simplifies the formulation of the problem, but leads to very significant errors in the results. At zero value of the bending load, a good agreement of the planar and spatial solutions is observed. The presence of a bending load leads to deviation of the curves from their initial position. The maximum discrepancy of the results is almost 50%.
The analysis of this structure from the standpoint of the spatial problem of thermoplasticity, which ensures taking into account the dependence of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material on temperature and taking into account the bending load on the section of the cut, allowed us to reveal the real features of its deformation.
Influence of polymer aggregate reinforcement on the dynamics of three-layer cylindrical structure of elliptical cross-section
Authors: Gaidaichuk Viktor , Kotenko Kostyantyn , Lazareva Maryna 
Published: August 2023

The dynamic behavior of a three-layer cylindrical structure of normal elliptical cross-section with a discrete polymer filler under internal non-stationary loading was investigated. A finite element model of the structure was created and calculations of normal deflections and normal stresses of its bearing layers were performed using a software and calculation complex Fimap with NX Nastran. The values of deflections and stresses of the specified layers in the absence and presence of reinforcement of the polymer aggregate structure at the ratio of elasticity of the material of bearing layers and aggregate are given E1,2/Et=500.
Reinforcement of polymer aggregate with metal stiffening ribs significantly affects the dynamic behavior of the three-layer cylindrical structure. The presence of this factor synchronized the stress-strain layer of the bearing layers of the structure, reduced the values of normal deflections and stresses of the bearing layers of the cylindrical three-layer structure. The effectiveness of reinforcement of polymer aggregate is confirmed by other materials, which indicates the feasibility of the practical use of such a constructive measure.
Inspection of war-damaged buildings and structures by the example of urban settlement Borodianka
Authors: Molodid Oleksandr , Kovalchuk Oleksandr , Skochko Volodymyr , Plokhuta Ruslana , Molodid Olena , Musiiaka Ivan 
Published: August 2023

Inthe first 100 days of the full-scale armed aggression of Russia's armed forces against Ukraine, more than 1600 rocket strikes were carried out, not including other shelling.In this regard, numerous buildings and structures suffered various damages.
Using the developed "Methodology of surveying and registration of its results", surveyors developed a procedure for surveying many buildings and structures in a short period.
KNUCA (Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture) specialists inspected multi-apartment, communal, and administrative buildings in the Borodiankavillageinthe Kyiv region.Based on the results of the surveys, damage to buildings was systematized depending on their causes, namely explosions, and their impact on structures – explosive shock wave, fire, and bullet or shrapnel damage.
The direct damage caused by the explosive shock wave included: destruction, cracking, distortion, and declination from the axis of symmetry, damage to window glasses and frames, for brick structures: knocking out (individual bricks or sections of the wall), protrusion (indentation) and displacement of masonry elements, cracks in masonry and spilling of seams between building elements.The direct damage to structures from shrapnel and bullet injuries includes: through holes, splinters, damage to coatings and the roofing layer, jamming of structures, et cetera.The direct damage to structures caused by thermal effectsincludes fire damage, including irreversible thermal elongation of reinforcement and destruction of concrete; damage to the finishing layers; destruction of window and door frames and their filling; the collapse of the roof; destruction of wooden walls and ceilings.
KNUCA specialists established that buildings suffer significant damage and destruction when an aerial bomb hits. The most destructive effect is the damage caused by multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS), artillery weapons, and tanks. However, buildings (building structures) suffer minor damage when hit by Armory Personnel Carriers (APVs) and small arms.
Impact of geometric parameters and physical-mechanical properties of the internal bearing layer on the dynamic transient processes of the three-layer hemispherical shell
Authors: Gaidaichuk Viktor , Mamedov Alirza , Kotenko Kostyantyn 
Published: August 2023

The effect of geometrical parameters and physical-mechanical properties of the internal bearing layer of a three-layer spherical structure on its dynamic behavior under internal impulse loading was investigated. A finite-element model of the structure was created and calculations of normal deflections and normal stresses of its bearing layers were performed using the Fimap with NX Nastran software and calculation complex. Options for reducing the negative impact of inefficient design solutions are considered.
Geometric parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the internal bearing layer of the shell structure under internal impulse loading are significant.
An effective factor of stability to dynamic influences of layered shell structures is the provision of optimal ratios of geometric parameters and physical and mechanical characteristics of the materials of their bearing layers and polymer aggregate.
Numerical study of the parametric optimization of the forced oscillation frequencies of the shell of a minimal surface on a trapezoidal contour under thermal and power loading
Authors: Ivanchenko Hryhoriy , Koshevyi Oleksandr , Koshevyi Oleksandr , Grigoryеva Lyudmyla 
Published: August 2023

This research paper discusses various methods and approaches to the optimal design of structures. Methods for solving the optimization problem can be divided into two large groups. The first group includes methods that are based on the use of the necessary conditions for the extremes of the objective function. The second group consists of mathematical programming methods: linear, convex, dynamic programming, and random search. In mathematical terms, optimal design problems are optimization problems - the search for an extremum of the objective function and the values of the parameters at which the extremum is achieved. The choice of the optimality criterion is one of the main problems of optimal design. The most widely developed problems are those that have the optimization criterion of weight or volume of the structure while satisfying the conditions of strength, rigidity and stability.
Optimal design problemsare also divided into three large groups. The first group is parametric optimization problems, which involve the optimization of one or more parameters, called design variables, to minimize or maximize the objective function. The second group is topological optimization, in which unnecessary material is discarded, where the Mises stress is zero, thereby minimizing the objective function. The third group is optimization of the shape of the object under study, when the shape corresponds to internal forces, the shell with the smallest area is modeled on a given cone (shells of minimal surfaces), as well as methods of applied geometry, where the surface shape is modeled for a certain load.
To perform the parametric optimization of the forced vibrations of the shell of the minimum surface on a trapezoidal contour, the objective function is the weight of the spatial structure. The variables in the parametric optimization problem are the thickness of the finite elements from 1 to 100 mm. The structure constraint is imposed on the first forced oscillation frequency of 0.250 Hz. This type of problem is used to prevent resonance from process equipment that can affect the natural frequencies of the structure under external load.Subject of this study is an interesting applied problem for construction mechanics, as it is the first time to display the application of two types of optimization on one research object.
The results of a numerical study of the parametric optimization of the minimum surface shell on a trapezoidal cage under thermal power loading. The parametric optimization helped to reduce the weight of the shell by 13.4%, which is 1810 kg of sheet steel. The first forced oscillation frequency meets the constraint of the optimization calculation. We constructed 10 forced vibration frequency shapes of the shell before and after optimization, and also presented the distribution of the shell thickness after the optimization calculation.
The movement mode optimization of the manipulator on the elastic base according to the criterion of the mean square value of the rate of change of the drive torque
Authors: Loveikin Vyacheslav , Mishchuk Dmytro , Romasevych Yuriy 
Published: August 2023

It was established the presence of boom system oscillations in the process of changing the departure into previous studies of the optimization of the movement mode of the manipulator on an elastic base according to the criterion of the root mean square value of the driving moment of the drive. The purpose of the presented article is to solve the problem of reducing these fluctuations to a minimum. In this work, optimization was performed, where as a criterion for optimizing the motion mode of the boom system of the manipulator, it is proposed to use the root mean square value of the speed of change of the driving torque of the drive. Since this amount of power load is the main external factor of the occurrence of oscillations in the elements of the boom system of the manipulator. The driving torque of the drive was find from the dynamic equations of motion of the manipulator. The rate of change of the driving torque it was define as the time derivative of the driving torque expression by the drive. Such a criterion for optimizing the traffic mode is an integral functional. Its minimization it was carry out by methods of variational calculus.
The results of the conducted research made it possible is significantly reduce the oscillations of the elements of the boom system of the manipulator on an elastic basis during the movement in comparison with the criterion of the root mean square moment. As result, to create a drive control system that allows to implement the obtained optimal mode of movement.
Adjustment of basement rooms of buildings for shelter for the civilian population
Authors: Zhydkova Tetyana , Hleba Viktor , Gnatiuk Liliya , Zhlobnitsky Anton , Priymachenko Oleksiy 
Published: August 2023

A feature of the russia's war against Ukraine is the huge number of casualties among the civilian population in the first months of the war.
The insufficient number of protective structures (storages, anti-radiation shelters, dual-purpose structures), their technical condition and availability, as well as recommendations for sheltering the population in the simplest shelters – basements of residential buildings – lead to mass casualties among the civilian population.
The definition of the term "simplest shelter" does not provide for the protection of the population from the effects of the means of destruction, but only the reduction of their effects. According to the definition of regulatory documents, only a part (more or less than half of its height) of basement and basement premises is located below the surface of the ground and, accordingly, these premises are as vulnerable as the above-ground floors.
Normative documents on the protection of the civilian population, which became the basis of the state building regulations of Ukraine in 1997, were developed in the middle of the 20th century, and the changes that were made in 25 years did not change the parameters and equipment of protective structures.
The main goal of the study is to development of measures that provide an opportunity to ensure full protection of the civilian population not involved in the work of critical infrastructure.
The set goal outlined a list of research tasks, namely, reducing the number of victims among the civilian population by adapting the existing basements of multi-story buildings for shelter to protect the population from the effects of conventional means of destruction and the side effects of modern weapons of mass destruction (chemical); fragments of destroyed building structures; of an air shock wave with an estimated excess pressure of not less than ∆Pф =20 kPa (0.2 kg/cm²)
Specialists of the "Renaissance" NGO proposed project solutions for creating shelters in the basements of existing residential buildings by strengthening the structures enclosing the basements.
The listed measures enable the residents of houses living in cities on the territory controlled by Ukraine, but under constant rocket fire, to stay in their houses and rest at night in a protected space.
Interaction of engineering protective structures with the soil base in densely built-up territory
Authors: Ruchkivskyi Vitaliy 
Published: August 2023

The article analyzes the operation of the "engineering protective structures-soil massif" system in the zone of influence of the surrounding buildings in the presence of complex engineering and geological conditions. Simulation of the task of setting up a deep pit under the protection with a multi-tiered retaining wall was carried out. The mutual influence of the surrounding buildings and the development of the pit near the new construction, depending on the distance between them, was revealed. The optimal distance between the existing building and the pit of the new construction was determined.
It has been established that taking into account the influence of existing buildings when constructing a pit significantly changes the nature of the stress-deformation state of the soil base and pit enclosure structures, increasing the movement of supporting structures by 12-72% depending on the distance to the house.
It was found that the bending moments in the structure of the fence undergo quantitative and qualitative changes when the distance between the pit and the existing building is reduced. Thus, values of bending moments in piles increase by 25% when the distance is reduced from 20m to 10m, and by 46% when the distance is reduced from 10m to 5m.
It is shown that reducing the distance between the existing building and the pit leads to the occurrence of additional settlements in the foundation structures of the existing building. Thus, vertical deformations when the house is located at a distance of 5 m increase by 35%, compared to a house at a distance of 20 m, which is explained by the building falling into the zone of formation of the slope sliding surface.
It was found that the most rational location of the existing building is in the case when the pit depth is equal to the distance between the house and the face of the pit enclosure structure, since the building does not fall into the zone of influence of the new construction.
Pluralism and Empire: From Rome to Robert Cover
Authors: Ando Clifford 
Published: August 2023

In his famous engagement with pluralism and sub-political associations, “Nomos and Narrative,” Robert Cover invokes empire as both an exemplar of statal power and an alternative to contemporary liberal democratic regimes. This essay takes his reflections as a point of departure, in order to explore two themes. First, Cover posits a dynamic relationship between jurispathic and jurisgenerative regimes. This invites reflection on the stability of pluralist regimes in practice. This essay takes up that challenge in the case of Rome where, it is argued, structural features of both politics and practice impelled a standardization of legal regimes in both procedural and positive law, despite a principled commitment on Rome’s part to the autonomy of alien communities within the empire. Second, Cover seeks to elide the true object of his inquiry, the autonomy of religious groups, by assimilating them to voluntarist associations. This brings certain advantages in respect to constitutional law and anticipates potential liberal and feminist critiques of religious law. But it also raises problems of political theology, by surrendering the ontological priority vis-à-vis the state that in the self-understanding of religious groups normally justifies their claims to self-regulation. One form such problems might take is illustrated by Hobbes, in his theory of sovereignty by acquisition, which draws on Roman theory. That theory has been now been vindicated by Roman legal instruments, discovered in the 19th and 20th centuries and therefore unknown to Hobbes, in which conquered parties were ordered to continue their ancestral legal practice, on sufferance of Rome.
What We Talk About When We Talk About Fictional Characters (and Copyright)
Authors: Wilf Steven 
Published: August 2023

What do pictures want? Echoing the famous question posed by art historian W.J.T. Mitchell, this article interrogates that query within the skein of copyright law. The creation of a fictional character means seeing a possibly singular, inert image as having a past and a future, a panoply of emotional responses and, significantly, desires. Fictional characters are not copyrightable per se. Rather, protection stems from expression of those characters in copyrightable works. To determine whether fictional characters have reached the threshold of complexity worthy of copyright, courts inquire how well a character has been delineated.
For nearly a century, copyright has relied upon traditional round character literary analysis which looks at a character’s distinguishable features from the audience’s point of view. Recently, flat protagonist criticism examines whether the character serves as a proper vehicle for the author’s story. This article takes another approach—asking what the image is trying to tell us about its own absences, needs, and emotional lacunae. Beyond establishing protection, we need to query what protagonists are unworthy of copyright. I argue that stereotypes should be held to stricter scrutiny as creating insufficiently desiring characters.
PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE SNOWBALL THROWING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA PADA MATERI TIRANI MATAHARI TERBIT
Authors: Hazami Hazami , Lestari Soraya 
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Indra Jaya melalui penggunaan Model Kooperatif Tipe Snowball Throwing pada Materi Tirani Matahari Terbit pelajaran Sejarah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai Maret 2023 terdiri atas 2 siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa-siswi kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Indra Jaya tahun pelajaran 2022/ 2023 sebanyak 15 siswa. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif komparatif dengan membandingkan kondisi awal dengan hasil-hasil yang dicapai pada setiap siklus, dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif hasil observasi dengan membandingkan hasil observasi dan refleksi pada siklus I dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan model kooperatif tipe Snowball dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 1 Indra Jaya pada materi Tirani Matahari Terbit pelajaran Sejarah. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil tes pada siklus I dengan persentase ketuntasan sebesar 53,3 % nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 75,70 dan meningkat pada hasil tes siklus II sebesar 86,7 % dengan nilai rata-rata kelas 88,90.Kata kunci: Model Kooperatif, Tipe Snowball Throwing, Tirani Matahari TerbitThis study aims to increase students' understanding of class XI IPS at SMA Negeri 1 Indra Jaya through the use of the Snowball Throwing Type Cooperative Model in the Tyranny of the Rising Sun in History. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which was conducted from January to March 2023 consisting of 2 cycles. The research subjects were 15 students of class XI IPS at Indra Jaya Public High School 1 for the academic year 2022/2023. Data analysis used a comparative descriptive analysis technique by comparing the initial conditions with the results achieved in each cycle, and a qualitative descriptive analysis of the results of observations by comparing the results of observations and reflections on cycle I and cycle II. The results showed that the use of the Snowball type cooperative model could improve the understanding of class XI IPS students of SMA Negeri 1 Indra Jaya on the Tyranny of the Rising Sun in History. This is shown from the test results in the first cycle with a completeness percentage of 53.3%, the class average value was 75.70 and it increased in the second cycle test results by 86.7% with a class average score of 88.90.Keywords: Cooperative Model, Snowball Throwing Type, Tirani Matahari Terbit