bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients with deleterious germline mutations: A heterogeneous population for pancreatic cancer screening?
Authors: Roch Alexandra M. , Kim Rachel C. , Nguyen Trang K. , House Michael G. , Zyromski Nicholas J. , Nakeeb Attila , Schmidt C. Max , Ceppa Eugene P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesModest data exist on the benefits of screening and surveillance for pancreatic cancer (PC) in high‐risk individuals. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are known precursors to PC. We hypothesized that patients with high‐risk deleterious germline mutations have a higher prevalence of IPMN.MethodsAll patients undergoing prospective screening at a single institution from 2013 to 2019 were reviewed.ResultsOf 1166 patients screened, 358 (31%) possessed germline mutations and/or family history of PC (mutations n = 201/358, 56%, family history n = 226/358, 63%) (median follow‐up 2.7 years). IPMN was found in 127 patients (35.5%). The prevalence of IPMN in mutation carriers (18%) was higher than in the general population (p < 0.01). Germline mutation was an independent predictor of IPMN (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2; p < 0.01), while family history was not (p = 0.22). IPMN prevalence was distributed unevenly between mutation types (67%‐Peutz‐Jeghers; 43%‐HNPCC, 24%‐BRCA2; 17%‐ATM; 9%‐BRCA1; 0%‐CDKN2A and PALB2).ConclusionIn this series, 18% of mutation carriers harbored IPMN, higher than the general population. Germline mutation, but not a family history of PC, was independently associated with IPMN. This prevalence varied across mutation subtypes, suggesting not all mutation carriers develop precancerous lesions. Genetic testing for patients with a positive family history may improve screening modalities for this high‐risk population.
Substituent effects in the tautomerization of imidic acids R−C(OH)=NH → R−C(O)NH2: Kinetic implications for the formation of peptide bonds in the interstellar medium
Authors: Würmel Judith , Simmie John M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA number of amides, RC(O)NH2, have been detected spectroscopically in the space between the stars. Naturally the study of how these are formed is an important question on the path of chemical evolution from the elements C, H, N, O, P, … to life because the so‐called peptide‐bond −C(O)−NH− is a key linkage in poly‐amino acids or proteins. Both cyanides and water are abundant in the interstellar medium (ISM) and it has been suggested [J Phys Chem A. 2021;126:924‐939] that these react on water–ice grains, catalyzed by acid H3O+, to form firstly imidic acids R−C≡ N + H2O → RC(OH)NH and subsequently to amides. Here we explore the kinetics in the gas‐phase of the intramolecular tautomerization reaction of the imidic acids for R = H, HO, NC, H2N, HC(O), H3C, HOCH2, H2CCH,H3C(O), H2NCH2, C2H5, and CN, particularly at low temperatures where quantum mechanical small curvature and quantized reactant states tunneling are dominant. The most reactive imidic acid is H2NC(OH)NH which goes on to form urea, one of three known amides in the interstellar medium (ISM), which can self‐react to form cytosine and uracil two canonical nucleobases in RNA. The thermochemistry (, , , ) of the imidic acids and amides is also reported as well as the tautomerization of sulfur and phosphorus analogs HC(SH)NH and HC(OH)PH.
A Novel Anti‐Flashover Superhydrophobic Coating with Self‐Assembly Characteristic of Surface Energy Differences
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Guangquan , Liu Yijie , Guo Yujun , Xiao Song , Wei Wenfu , Wu Guangning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBecause of the versatility of superhydrophobic materials, they have attracted a lot of attention even in power electronics, transportation, engineering, and other fields. The volume fraction of fluorinated silicon oxide nanoparticles in superhydrophobic materials is one of the most important factors. Increasing the volume fraction will decrease the stability between the coating and the hydrophobic surface. Especially, the flashover voltage of the coating gradually decreases from 10 to 35 vol.%. Meanwhile, the flashover voltage dispersion of the coating increases drastically after 30 vol.%. In order to improve the electrical properties of the superhydrophobic coating, self‐assembly of surface energy differences strategy is proposed in this work. A binary filling phase of the coating is introduced by 2D boron nitride nanosheets and silicon oxide nanoparticles. Although Hexagonal boron nitride with high surface energy and low roughness, it will be spontaneously assembled and wrapped by silicon oxide nanoparticle based on surface energy differences, which forming a low surface energy filled phase. Experiment results prove that the flashover voltage of the superhydrophobic coating is optimized by the binary filling phase coating. This method offers new ideas for the selection of filling phase and application of superhydrophobic materials.
Modeling cross‐talk of RNA modification enzymes reveals tumor microenvironment‐associated clinical significance and immunotherapy prediction in hepatobiliary malignancy
Authors: Qi Feng , Li Jia , Qi Zhuoran , Zhou Bin , Yang Biwei , Zhang Jun , Qin Wenxing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRNA modification includes four main types, N6‐methyladenosine, N1‐methyladenosine, alternative polyadenylation (APA), and adenosine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) RNA editing, involving 41 enzymes that serve as “writers”, “readers” and “erasers”. By collecting RNA modifying enzyme information in 1759 hepatobiliary malignancy (HBM) samples from 11 datasets, an RNA modification HBM Score (RH_score) was established based on unsupervised cluster analysis of RNA modification‐associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We identified the imbalanced expression of 41 RNA modification enzymes in HBM, which was scientifically categorized into two groups: RH_Score high and RH_Score low. A high RH_Score was associated with a worse prognosis and more immature immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), while a low RH_Score was associated with a better prognosis and more mature immune cells in the TME. Further analysis using single‐cell databases showed that the high RH_Score was immune exhaustion in the TME. RH_Score was involved in transcriptional regulation and post‐transcriptional events in HBM. Additionally, resistant and sensitive drugs were selected based on RNA modification, and anti‐PD‐L1 therapy responded better with low RH_Score. In conclusion, our study comprehensively analyzes RNA modification in HBM, which induces TME changes and transcriptional and posttranscriptional events, implying potential guiding significance in prognosis prediction and treatment options.
Cyclic Nigerosylnigerose Attenuates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Fat Deposition, Colonic Inflammation, and Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Modifies Gut Immunoglobulin a Reactivity to Commensal Bacteria
Authors: Tsuruta Takeshi , Sonoyama Kei , Miyamoto Taisei , Nguyen Qui D. , Mizote Akiko , Teraoka Mao , Nishino Naoki 
Published: April 2023

ScopeHigh‐fat diet (HFD) intake induces gut dysbiosis, inflammation in the peripheral tissues, and a reduction in immunoglobulin A (IgA) coating of gut bacteria, which is related to HFD‐induced insulin resistance (IR). This study evaluates the effect of cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN), a dietary fiber that prevents gut inflammation and promotes IgA coating of gut bacteria, on the above‐mentioned HFD‐induced disorders.Methods and resultsBalb/c mice are fed an HFD and administered CNN for 20 weeks. CNN administration reduces mesenteric adipose tissue weight, colonic tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) mRNA expression, and serum endotoxin levels and ameliorates HFD‐induced abnormal glucose metabolism. Additionally, CNN administration promotes gut bacteria‐specific IgA secretion and alters IgA reactivity to gut bacteria. The alterations of IgA reactivity to specific bacteria such as Erysipelatoclostridium, Escherichia, Faecalibaculum, Lachnospiraceae genera, and Stenotrophomonas are correlated with mesenteric adipose tissue weight, colonic TNFα mRNA expression, serum endotoxin levels, and a homeostasis model assessment for IR.ConclusionCNN‐induced alterations in IgA reactivity to gut bacteria may be related to the suppression of HFD‐induced fat deposition, colonic inflammation, endotoxemia, and IR. These observations indicate that dietary fiber that modulates IgA reactivity to gut bacteria may be useful in preventing HFD‐induced disorders.
Reshaped Gut Microbial Composition and Functions Associated with the Antifatigue Effect of Salidroside in Exercise Mice
Authors: Zhu Hongkang , Shen Fanglin , Wang Xiaochen , Cheng Yuliang , Guo Yahui , Qian He , Liu Yu 
Published: April 2023

ScopeSalidroside (SA) is an active compound derived from Rhodiola rosea and is widely used in healthcare foods. However, the underlying mechanism and its specific role in regulating the gut microbial community during exercise (Ex) remains unknown.Methods and resultsMice are subjected to a weight‐loaded swimming test (WST) Ex to determine how gut microbiota affects the antifatigue activity of SA. The SA‐treated group mice (100 mg kg−1.bw.) display a significant increase in swimming time compared to the control group (26.2 versus 10.5 min, p < 0.01), as well as an increase in respiratory enzymatic activities after swimming. The respiratory enzymatic activities are significantly higher in the SA‐treated group than in the RS (regular rest) group after swimming. The bacteria profiles in the Ex + SA group change significantly with higher species diversity and abundance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of Alistipes, Rikenellaceae, Parabacteroides, Candidatus Arthromitus, and Lactobacillus indicate a high diagnostic utility to distinguish SA treatment. Microbial function analysis shows that SA may improve Ex‐induced fatigue by modulating energy metabolism‐related processes.ConclusionsSA demonstrates antifatigue effects on various levels of regulating energy metabolism and microbial composition, providing insights into the underlying mechanisms of SA as a natural prebiotic.
Investigation on the saturable absorption characteristics of GeNS and its application to harmonic mode‐locked modulation
Authors: Liu Peng , Sun Wanggen , Liu Hongyi , Yin Fangjun , Lei Ruirui , Jiang Kai , Wang Jing , Tang Wenjing , Xia Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe high‐quality germanene nanosheets (GeNS) were fabricated by a liquid‐phase exfoliated technique and used as the saturable absorber (SA) to generate the harmonic mode‐locked (HML) pulses in an Er‐doped fiber laser. The investigation on the nonlinear absorption effect of the GeNS was carried out systemically in this work. On the basis of the GeNS SA, the third‐ and fourth‐order HML pulses with repetition rates of 5.275 and 7.031 MHz were achieved, corresponding to the minimum pulse width of 3.04 and 3.21 ps, respectively. The research reveals that the GeNS has great capability for ultrafast pulses modulation and can be used as an outstanding nonlinear optical device to expand its applications in nonlinear optics.
Nurses' viewpoints on factors affecting ostomy care: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Naseh Ladan , Shahriari Mohsen , Hayrabedian Aygineh , Moeini Mahin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimsOstomy plays an important role in management of medical conditions, especially postoperative status of colorectal and bladder cancers. Nurses who have the highest contact level with these patients, face many situations while providing care and need to acquire adequate knowledge and practice responding to patients' needs. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of nurses in caring of abdominal ostomy patients.DesignA qualitative content analysis study.MethodsIn this qualitative content analysis study, 17 participants were selected using purposeful sampling method and data were collected through in‐depth and semi‐structured interviews. Data analysis was done using conventional content analysis method.ResultsAnalysis of the findings led to the emergence of 78 sub‐subcategories, 20 subcategories and seven main themes, including ‘Inefficient educational system’, ‘Nurse Characteristics’, ‘Workplace challenges’, ‘Nature of ostomy care’, ‘ Counseling and preparation of patients for surgery’, ‘Acquaintance with ostomy complications’, and ‘Proper planning of patient education’. Results showed that nurses in surgical wards provide non‐special ostomy care due to lack of sufficient knowledge and skills and absence of up‐to‐date and local clinical guidelines which is vital to provide evidence‐based scientific care and avoid unfounded and arbitrary care.
Mode I and II interlaminar fracture toughness of glass/carbon inter‐ply hybrid FRP composites: Effects of stacking sequence and testing temperature
Authors: Dasari Srinivasu , Patnaik Satyaroop , Bhattacharyya Tanmay , Mukherjee Subrata , Ray Bankim Chandra , Prusty Rajesh Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEven though laminated FRP composites show exceptional performance in various modes of loading, they are susceptible to delamination. The ambient temperature and elevated temperature delamination resistance of glass/carbon fiber interply hybrid composites were assessed via mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness tests performed at 30, 50 and 70°C. Interply hybrid composites performed better than composites with single type of fiber. The fracture toughness of inter‐ply hybrid composites varied with the stacking position. At 30°C, mode I fracture toughness value of alternative glass and carbon fiber stacking sequence (G1C1)5 of hybrid composite showed 40% improvement over 10 layered carbon/epoxy (C10) composite. Further, Mode II fracture toughness of C5G5 composite showed 22% enhancement, and C10 exhibited 42% improvement over 10‐layered glass/epoxy composite. Increasing the test temperature of all composites improved their GIC and GIIC values. The increment in the mode I fracture toughness properties of all composite was in the range of 5%–23% at 70°C from its room temperature value. The fractographic images of fractured samples were studied under a scanning electron microscope and failure mechanisms of composites were identified.
A facile strategy to fabricate skin‐free porous polymer membranes based on sandwich structure
Authors: Cheng Xiong , Ding Mingming , Yang Yong‐Biao , You Jichun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe skin layer, i.e. the surface dense layer with relatively lower porosity, may significantly impede the permeability of porous polymer membranes. In this work, with the combination of experiment and finite element simulation, a facile strategy based on sandwich structure is proposed to eliminate the skin layer. The simulation results indicate that removing skin layers can increase the water flux of porous membranes by more than 4 times. In experiment, first the formation mechanism of skin layer is studied for the porous membranes fabricated from poly(ether‐ether‐ketone)/poly(ether‐imide) (PEEK/PEI) blend based on crystallization template. It is found that the stronger interaction between PEI and the polyimide releasing film during hot‐pressing is the cause of the PEEK skin layers of the obtained membranes. According to this mechanism, a skin‐free PEEK membrane is prepared from the PEI/(PEEK/PEI blend)/PEI sandwich structure. The separation test indicates that the PEEK membrane fabricated following the new strategy has remained rejection ratio and enhanced flux by 3–5 times as the simulation result predicts. Furthermore, the universality of developed sandwich strategy has been validated in polyformaldehyde/poly(L‐lactic acid) (POM/PLLA) blend (crystalline/crystalline system). Our results provide a novel solution to regulate the skin layer of porous membranes.
Experiences of UK‐based adult transition services for interstitial lung disease in childhood: “There's a lot less cushioning”
Authors: Gilbert Carlee , Bennett Kate M. , Brown Christopher , Bush Andrew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInterstitial lung disease in childhood (chILD) is rare and no longer purely a childhood issue as many survive into adulthood, and so have to transition from pediatric to adult healthcare services. Transition is a significant life event that has the potential to impact on physical and mental health outcomes. The European Respiratory Society (ERS) statement on chILD transition highlighted the lack of standardised transition services for chILD transition resulting in a haphazard process. This qualitative study explores how young people and parents in the United Kingdom experienced transition from paediatric to adult healthcare services for chILD. Participants (n = 7) were recruited from chILD patient organisations and online communities. We focused on the experience of transition exploring if there were any information packs or support provided for the transition. Such support may be generic, such as “Ready Steady Go” which provides a systematic approach to transition and disease‐specific literature. These latter have not been developed for ILD. Data were analysed by constructivist grounded theory. We present a lived experience of transition with themes of lack of transition preparation and planning, challenges of adapting to adult services, and a changing healthcare scene. Due to the complexity of chILD, parents discussed their need to remain, in part, as an advocate for the young person. Respondents provided recommendations for how transition could be improved along with tips for young people who are new to the transition process, which include educating oneself about the condition, learning medical terminology, and reaching out for support.
Classification of mid‐tropopsheric cyclones over the Arabian Sea and western India
Authors: Kushwaha P. , Sukhatme J. , Nanjundiah R.S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe formation of mid‐tropospheric cyclones (MTCs), responsible for a large portion of annual precipitation and extreme rainfall events over western India, is studied using an unsupervised machine learning algorithm and cyclone tracking. Both approaches reveal four dominant weather patterns that lead to the genesis of these synoptic systems. Specifically, re‐intensification of westward‐moving synoptic systems from the Bay of Bengal (type 1, 51%), in‐situ formation with a coexisting cyclonic system over the Bay of Bengal that precedes (type 2a, 31%) or follows (type 2b, 10%) genesis in the Arabian Sea, and finally in‐situ genesis within a northwestward‐propagating cyclonic anomaly from the south Bay of Bengal (type 2c, 8%). Thus, a large fraction of this region's rainy middle tropospheric synoptic systems form in association with cyclonic activity in the Bay of Bengal. The four variants identified also show a marked dependence on large‐scale environmental features. In particular, type 1 and type 2a MTC formation primarily occurs in phases 4 and 5, and type 2b and type 2c MTCs form mainly in phases 3 and 4 of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. Further, though in‐situ formation with a Bay of Bengal cyclonic anomaly (types 2a and 2b) mostly occurs in June, downstream development is more likely in the core of the monsoon season. Out of all categories, type 2a is associated with the highest composite rain rate (60 mmday) over western India and points towards the dynamic interaction between a low‐pressure system over the Bay of Bengal and the development of MTCs over western India and the northeast Arabian Sea. This classification, identification of precursors, connection with cyclonic activity over the Bay of Bengal, and dependence on a large‐scale environment provide an avenue for a better understanding of rain‐bearing MTCs over western India.
Self‐Limiting Sub‐5 nm Nanodiamonds by Geochemistry‐Inspired Synthesis
Authors: Lyu Tengteng , Archambault Cynthia M. , Hathaway Evan , Zhu Xiangyu , King Carol , Abu‐Amara Lama , Wang Sicheng , Kunz Martin , Kim Moon J. , Cui Jingbiao , Yao Yansun , Yu Tony , Officer Timothy , Xu Man , Wang Yanbin , Yan Hao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractControlling diamond structures with nanometer precision is fundamentally challenging owing to their extreme and far‐from‐equilibrium synthetic conditions. State‐of‐the‐art techniques, including detonation, chemical vapor deposition, mechanical grinding, and high‐pressure‐high‐temperature synthesis, yield nanodiamond particles with a broad distribution of sizes. Despite many efforts, the direct synthesis of nanodiamonds with precisely controlled diameters remains elusive. Here the geochemistry‐inspired synthesis of sub‐5 nm nanodiamonds with sub‐nanometer size deviation is described. High‐pressure‐high‐temperature treatment of uniform iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in iron oxide matrices yields nanodiamonds with tunable diameters down to 2.13 and 0.22 nm standard deviation. A self‐limiting, redox‐driven, and diffusion‐controlled solid‐state reaction mechanism is proposed and supported by in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ characterizations, and computational modeling. This work provides a unique mechanism for the precise control of nanostructured diamonds under extreme conditions and paves the road for the full realization of their potential in emerging technologies.
Controllable Fabrication of Highly Uniform Sub‐10 nm Nanoparticles from Spontaneous Confined Nanoemulsification
Authors: Chen Chen , Cai Quan‐Wei , Zhan Cai‐Zhen , Wang Bi‐Cong , Li Ping‐Fan , Xie Rui , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Liu Zhuang , Wang Wei , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSub‐10 nm nanoparticles are known to exhibit extraordinary size‐dependent properties for wide applications. Many approaches have been developed for synthesizing sub‐10 nm inorganic nanoparticles, but the fabrication of sub‐10 nm polymeric nanoparticles is still challenging. Here, a scalable, spontaneous confined nanoemulsification strategy that produces uniform sub‐10 nm nanodroplets for template synthesis of sub‐10 nm polymeric nanoparticles is proposed. This strategy introduces a high‐concentration interfacial reaction to create overpopulated surfactants that are insoluble at the droplet surface. These overpopulated surfactants act as barriers, resulting in highly accumulated surfactants inside the droplet via a confined reaction. These surfactants exhibit significantly changed packing geometry, solubility, and interfacial activity to enhance the molecular‐level impact on interfacial instability for creating sub‐10 nm nanoemulsions via self‐burst nanoemulsification. Using the nanodroplets as templates, the fabrication of uniform sub‐10 nm polymeric nanoparticles, as small as 3.5 nm, made from biocompatible polymers and capable of efficient drug encapsulation is demonstrated. This work opens up brand‐new opportunities to easily create sub‐10 nm nanoemulsions and advanced ultrasmall functional nanoparticles.