bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexually dimorphic effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor MJN110 on stress‐related behaviour and drinking in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol‐preferring rats
Authors: Vozella Valentina , Cruz Bryan , Feldman Hannah C. , Bullard Ryan , Bianchi Paula C. , Natividad Luis A. , Cravatt Benjamin F. , Zorrilla Eric P. , Ciccocioppo Roberto , Roberto Marisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe endocannabinoid (eCB) system plays an important homeostatic role in the regulation of stress circuits and has emerged as a therapeutic target to treat stress disorders and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Extensive research has elucidated a role for the eCB anandamide (AEA), but less is known about 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) mediated signalling.Experimental ApproachWe pharmacologically enhanced eCB signalling by inhibiting the 2‐AG metabolizing enzyme, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), in male and female Marchigian Sardinian alcohol‐preferring (msP) rats, a model of innate alcohol preference and stress hypersensitivity, and in control Wistar rats. We tested the acute effect of the selective MAGL inhibitor MJN110 in alleviating symptoms of alcohol drinking, anxiety, irritability and fear.Key ResultsA single systemic administration of MJN110 increased 2‐AG levels in the central amygdala, prelimbic and infralimbic cortex but did not acutely alter alcohol drinking. MAGL inhibition reduced aggressive behaviours in female msPs, and increased defensive behaviours in male msPs, during the irritability test. Moreover, in the novelty‐induced hypophagia test, MJN110 selectively enhanced palatable food consumption in females, mitigating stress‐induced food suppression. Lastly, msP rats showed increased conditioned fear behaviour compared with Wistar rats, and MJN110 reduced context‐associated conditioned fear responses, but not cue‐probed fear expression, in male msPs.Conclusions and ImplicationsAcute inhibition of MAGL attenuated some stress‐related responses in msP rats but not voluntary alcohol drinking. Our results provide new insights into the sex dimorphism documented in stress‐induced responses. Sex‐specific eCB‐based approaches should be considered in the clinical development of therapeutics.
A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?
Authors: Maina John N. 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTIn commercial poultry farming, respiratory diseases cause high morbidities and mortalities, begetting colossal economic losses. Without empirical evidence, early observations led to the supposition that birds in general, and poultry in particular, have weak innate and adaptive pulmonary defences and are therefore highly susceptible to injury by pathogens. Recent findings have, however, shown that birds possess notably efficient pulmonary defences that include: (i) a structurally complex three‐tiered airway arrangement with aerodynamically intricate air‐flow dynamics that provide efficient filtration of inhaled air; (ii) a specialised airway mucosal lining that comprises air‐filtering (ciliated) cells and various resident phagocytic cells such as surface and tissue macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes; (iii) an exceptionally efficient mucociliary escalator system that efficiently removes trapped foreign agents; (iv) phagocytotic atrial and infundibular epithelial cells; (v) phagocytically competent surface macrophages that destroy pathogens and injurious particulates; (vi) pulmonary intravascular macrophages that protect the lung from the vascular side; and (vii) proficiently phagocytic pulmonary extravasated erythrocytes. Additionally, the avian respiratory system rapidly translocates phagocytic cells onto the respiratory surface, ostensibly from the subepithelial space and the circulatory system: the mobilised cells complement the surface macrophages in destroying foreign agents. Further studies are needed to determine whether the posited weak defence of the avian respiratory system is a global avian feature or is exclusive to poultry. This review argues that any inadequacies of pulmonary defences in poultry may have derived from exacting genetic manipulation(s) for traits such as rapid weight gain from efficient conversion of food into meat and eggs and the harsh environmental conditions and severe husbandry operations in modern poultry farming. To reduce pulmonary diseases and their severity, greater effort must be directed at establishment of optimal poultry housing conditions and use of more humane husbandry practices.
Youth environmental citizenship formation: Struggled political subjectivities and everyday experiences of young people in Turkey
Authors: Orman Turkan Firinci , Demiral Seran 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis ethnographic study reveals how young people become environmentally aware citizens. The study traces the lived worlds of early youth in Turkey by focusing on their environmental experiences and by problematising climate change and consumerism. Through online mapping activities and in‐depth interviews, the applied geo‐social methodology explores the social, spatial and political subjectivities of 21 young people from different parts of Turkey, elucidating their developing environmental agencies. This article further argues how these subjectivities are contextual to the intersectional aspects of environmental socialisation. The results provide youthful insights into today's authoritarian Turkey, which is facing an economic recession.
Appropriateness of inpatient intravenous iron therapy in a Swiss tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ritter Fabian , Staub Benjamin M. , Osthoff Michael 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionIntravenous (IV) iron replacement is an established treatment for iron deficiency and is recommended in various medical guidelines, but cheaper oral iron formulations remain first‐line therapy in several instances. Data on adherence to current prescription standards are lacking in Switzerland.MethodsRetrospective single center quality control study evaluating the appropriateness of IV iron replacement in 400 inpatients during 2019 and 2021 at a Swiss tertiary care hospital. Appropriateness of IV iron was assessed by expert chart review according to national and international guidelines.ResultsIV iron prescriptions were assessed as inappropriate in 147 (37%) of cases (indication lacking in 13%, oral route preferred in 24%). Inappropriate prescribing was more common (p < .001) in surgical wards (66%) compared to medical units (48%) and the gynecologic ward (19%). Iron studies were lacking in 29% of inappropriate IV administrations. Insufficient replacement dosages were chosen in 38% of patients with appropriate prescription.ConclusionBased on current guidelines, inappropriate in‐hospital prescription of IV iron was frequently observed. Considerable differences exist between hospital units, which are consistent with conflicting recommendations of professional societies. We recommend increased attention toward the prescription quality to avoid unnecessary, expensive, and potentially harmful use of IV iron.
Morphological alterations of contralesional hemisphere relate to functional outcomes after stroke
Authors: Lu Juan‐Juan , Xing Xiang‐Xin , Qu Jiao , Wu Jia‐Jia , Hua Xu‐Yun , Zheng Mou‐Xiong , Xu Jian‐Guang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate poststroke morphological alterations contralesionally and correlations with functional outcomes. Structural magnetic resonance images were obtained from 27 poststroke patients (24 males, 50.21 ± 10.97 years) and 20 healthy controls (13 males, 46.63 ± 12.18 years). Voxel‐based and surface‐based morphometry analysis were conducted to detect alterations of contralesional grey matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT), gyrification index (GI), sulcus depth (SD), and fractal dimension (FD) in poststroke patients. Partial correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between regions with significant structural differences and scores of clinical assessments, including Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl–Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA‐UE), Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Correction for multiplicity was conducted within each parameter and for all tests. GMV significantly decreased in the contralesional motor‐related, occipital and temporal cortex, limbic system, and cerebellum lobe (P < 0.01, family‐wise error [FWE] correction). Lower CT was found in the contralesional precentral and lingual gyrus (P < 0.01, FWE correction), while lower GI found in the contralesional superior temporal gyrus and insula (P < 0.01, FWE correction). There were significant correlations between GMV of contralesional lingual gyrus and MBI (P = 0.031, r = 0.441), and BBS (P = 0.047, r = 0.409) scores, and GMV of contralesional hippocampus and FMA‐UE scores (P = 0.048, r = 0.408). In conclusion, stroke patients exhibited wide grey matter loss and cortical morphological changes in the contralesional hemisphere, which correlated with sensorimotor functions and the ability of daily living.
An enhanced bacterial colony optimization with dynamic multi‐leader co‐evolution for multiobjective optimization problems
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Yixin , Liu Menglong , Zhou Tianwei , Niu Ben 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe information transfer mechanism within the population is an essential factor for population‐based multiobjective optimization algorithms. An efficient leader selection strategy can effectively help the population to approach the true Pareto front. However, traditional population‐based multiobjective optimization algorithms are restricted to a single global leader and cannot transfer information efficiently. To overcome those limitations, in this paper, a multiobjective bacterial colony optimization with dynamic multi‐leader co‐evolution (MBCO/DML) is proposed, and a novel information transfer mechanism is developed within the group for adaptive evolution. Specifically, to enhance convergence and diversity, a multi‐leaders learning mechanism is designed based on a dynamically evolving elite archive via direction‐based hierarchical clustering. Finally, adaptive bacterial elimination is proposed to enable bacteria to escape from the local Pareto front according to convergence status. The results of numerical experiments show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison with related population‐based multiobjective optimization algorithms on 24 frequently used benchmarks. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of our dynamic leader selection in information transfer for improving both convergence and diversity to solve multiobjective optimization problems, which plays a significant role in information transfer of population evolution. Furthermore, we confirm the validity of the co‐evolution framework to the bacterial‐based optimization algorithm, greatly enhancing the searching capability for bacterial colony.
Ecosystem resilience to invasion and drought: Insights after 24 years in a rare never‐grazed grassland
Authors: Duniway Michael C. , Finger‐Higgens Rebecca , Geiger Erika L. , Hoover David L. , Pfennigwerth Alix A. , Knight Anna C. , Van Scoyoc Matthew , Miller Mark , Belnap Jayne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the resilience of ecosystems globally is hampered by the complex and interacting drivers of change characteristic of the Anthropocene. This is true for drylands of the western US, where widespread alteration of disturbance regimes and spread of invasive non‐native species occurred with westward expansion during the 1800s, including the introduction of domestic livestock and spread of Bromus tectorum, an invasive non‐native annual grass. In addition, this region has experienced a multi‐decadal drought not seen for at least 1200 years with potentially large and interacting impacts on native plant communities. Here, we present 24 years of twice‐annual plant cover monitoring (1997–2021) from a semiarid grassland never grazed by domestic livestock but subject to a patchy invasion of B. tectorum beginning in ~1994, compare our findings to surveys done in 1967, and examine potential climate drivers of plant community changes. We found a significant warming trend in the study area, with more than 75% of study year temperatures being warmer than average (1966–2021). We observed a native perennial grass community with high resilience to climate forcings with cover values like those in 1967. In invaded patches, B. tectorum cover was greatest in the early years of this study (1997–2001; ~20%–40%) but was subsequently constrained by climate and subtle variation in soils, with limited evidence of long‐term impacts to native vegetation, contradicting earlier studies. Our ability to predict year‐to‐year variation in functional group and species cover with climate metrics varied, with a 12‐month integrated index and fall and winter patterns appearing most important. However, declines to near zero live cover in recent years in response to regional drought intensification leave questions regarding the resiliency of intact grasslands to ongoing aridification and whether the vegetation observations reported here may be a leading indicator of impending change in this protected ecosystem.
Gaze behaviour, body image in women and online apparel shopping
Authors: Hollett Ross C. , Panaia Peta M. , Smart Aimee H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOnline apparel shopping is popular among women, with possible negative body image consequences, particularly when the website imagery is body‐focused. We investigated both correlational and experimental effects of online apparel shopping on women's (N = 113) explicitly and implicitly measured self‐worth, appearance attitudes and body gaze behaviour. Self‐reported online apparel shopping behaviour positively correlated with self‐objectification and a tendency to value and compare one's appearance. Following a simulated online shopping activity, women who browsed a body‐focused activewear website felt worse about their looks, when compared with women who browsed a non‐body‐focused casualwear website. The activewear condition also primed lower subsequent visual attention towards female bodies in a gaze task, when compared with the casualwear condition. Given that women tend to naturally gaze at faces, the deprivation of facial stimuli in the activewear condition presumably led to a compensatory gaze effect, whereby subsequent attention towards bodies was comparably low. Importantly, dollars spent in the activewear condition correlated positively with appearance comparison and body shame attitudes. These results suggest that online apparel imagery exposure may negatively impact women's well‐being. We also find evidence suggesting that gaze behaviour plays a role in how apparel marketing influences subsequent attention.
The cross‐predictability of industry returns in international financial markets
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Haofei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article finds evidence of return cross‐predictability among trading partners in international financial markets. We show that the predictability of international customers dominates the predictability of domestic customers, and the predictability of international intra‐industry customers dominates the predictability of international inter‐industry customers. This return cross‐predictability decreases with two country characteristics: financial sophistication and size.
Exploring the uses of yoga nidra: An integrative review
Authors: Musto Susan , Hazard Vallerand April 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this paper was to review and synthesize published research articles that have utilized yoga nidra as an intervention.BackgroundYoga nidra is a form of guided meditation that has emerged in the literature in the past two decades as an intervention for a variety of medical conditions such as stress and mental health. It differs from traditional yoga, in that it does not require yoga poses. It is a noninvasive, cost‐effective approach that is also easily accessible so it can be done in the privacy and comfort of the home.DesignThe integrative review methodology by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) provided the framework for this review.MethodsThe databases CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO were used to search for articles. Inclusion criteria consisted of journal articles in English with no limitations on dates of publication. Studies were excluded if any form of traditional yoga requiring poses was used as an intervention. Also excluded were all types of meditation that were not yoga nidra, systematic reviews, studies that utilized multiple intervention types (i.e., traditional yoga and yoga nidra), and commentaries/brief reports. Twenty‐nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was completed for each study.ResultsThe 29 studies that were reviewed consisted of 12 randomized controlled trials, 13 quasi‐experimental studies, 3 mixed‐methods studies, and 1 qualitative study. Outcome variables were categorized according to themes and results were systemically synthesized and reported by theme: (a) stress, (b) mood, (c) well‐being, (d) psychologic dysfunction, (e) biomarkers, (f) sleep, and (g) miscellaneous.ConclusionYoga nidra was found to be effective in most of these studies. However, there was some clinical heterogeneity in the sample populations and intervention session lengths, frequencies, and durations, making it difficult to draw conclusions about yoga nidra intervention based solely on the findings presented in this review. More studies are needed overall, particularly ones with larger sample sizes and stronger experimental designs.Clinical RelevanceYoga nidra has the potential to be a useful, noninvasive, nonpharmacologic treatment or adjunct for a variety of conditions, particularly mental health.
Understanding the workflow of nurses in acute and subacute medical wards: A time and motion study
Authors: Kramer Sharon , Raymond Melissa J. , Hunter Peter , Saultry Bridey , Gibbs Harry , Dignam Francis , Lannin Natasha A. , Bucknall Tracey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine how much time nurses spend on direct and indirect patient care in acute and subacute hospital settings.BackgroundQuantifying direct and indirect nursing care provided during inpatient stay is vital to optimise the quality of care and manage resources.DesignTime and motion cross‐sectional observational study and reported the study according to the STROBE guideline.MethodsNurses working in an acute or subacute medical wards of a single health service participated. Nurses were observed twice for 2 h on the same day with an observer break in between sessions. Real‐time task‐related data were digitally recorded using the Work Observation Method By Activity Timing (WOMBAT) tool by a single research assistant. Frequency and time spent on pre‐determined tasks were recorded and included direct care, indirect care, documentation, medication‐related tasks, communication (professional) and other tasks. Task interruptions and multitasking were also recorded.ResultsTwenty‐one nurses (acute n = 12, subacute n = 9) were observed during shifts between 7 AM and 9 PM in May–July 2021. A total of 7240 tasks were recorded. Nurses spent a third of their time on direct patient care (27% direct care and 3% medication administration). A total of 556 task interruptions occurred, mostly during documentation, and medication‐related tasks. A further 1385 tasks were performed in parallel with other tasks, that is multitasking.ConclusionsTime spent on tasks was similar regardless of the setting and was consistent with previous research. We found differences in the distribution of tasks throughout the day between settings, which could have implications for workforce planning and needs to be investigated further. Interruptions occurred during documentation, direct care and medication‐related tasks. Local‐level strategies should be in place and regularly revised to reduce interruptions and prevent errors. Relevance to clinical practice The association between interruption and increased risk of error is well‐established and should be an ongoing area of attention including observations and education provided in local settings.
Attitudes of Spanish mental health professionals towards trans people: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Jiménez‐Barbero José Antonio , Cutillas‐Fernández María Asunción , Herrera‐Giménez María , Jiménez‐Ruiz Ismael 
Published: July 2023

Accessible SummaryWhat is known about the subject?

The trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge, and cultural sensitivity in healthcare.

The attitudes of health professionals are mediated by their social context, which can determine their behaviour or attitude towards users.

What does the article add to existing knowledge?

The attitudes of mental health professionals towards trans people are related to variables such as the professional's age, gender, political ideology and religious beliefs.

Mental health nursing, psychology and social work are the professions that present more favourable attitudes towards trans people.

What are the implications for practice?

The inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity among mental health professionals is required.

It is necessary to train professionals to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudice, discrimination and stigma.

AbstractIntroductionThe trans community perceives barriers to the mental health services in the form of professionals' transphobia, lack of knowledge and cultural sensitivity in healthcare.AimEvaluation of the attitudes towards trans people of the professionals who work in the different Spanish mental health services.MethodA cross‐sectional design was used with a sample of professionals from different professional groups working in mental health units, hospitals and outpatient settings throughout Spain.ResultsGender differences were found, with higher values in genderism and sexism among males. Negative attitudes and sexism have also been associated with age and religious beliefs. Mental health nursing, psychology and social work presented more favourable attitudes towards trans people than other mental health professionals.Discussion/Implications for PracticeThe inclusion of a professional perspective that understands sexual and gender diversity and the acquisition of professional attitudes based on evidence and patient‐centred model are basic aspects to promote socio‐healthcare based on respect and free from prejudices, discrimination and stigma.