bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of yeast-derived postbiotic supplementation in late gestation and lactation diets on performance, milk quality, and immune function in lactating sows
Authors: Xu Shengyu , Jia Xinlin , Liu Yalei , Pan XuJing , Chang JunLei , Wei Wenyan , Lu Ping , Petry Derek , Che Lianqiang , Jiang Xuemei , Wang Jianping , Wu De 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of yeast-derived postbiotic (YDP) supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation on the performance of sows and their offspring. At 90-d gestation, 150 sows (Landrace × Large White, parity: 3.93 ± 0.11) were allocated to three dietary treatments (n = 50 per treatment): 1) basal diet (control [CON]), 2) basal diet with 1.25 g/kg YDP (0.125 group), and 3) basal diet with 2.00 g/kg YDP (0.200 group). The experiment continued until the end of weaning (day 21 of lactation). Supplementation with YDP resulted in greater deposition of backfat in sows during late gestation and an increasing trend in average weaning weight of piglets than observed in the CON group (P &lt; 0.01, P = 0.05). Supplementation with YDP decreased piglet mortality and diarrhea index in piglets (P &lt; 0.05). In farrowing sows’ serum, the glutathione peroxide content in the YDP group was lower than that in the CON group (P &lt; 0.05); the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the 0.200 group or YDP group was higher than that in the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). In lactating sows’ serum, malondialdehyde content was higher in the YDP group (P &lt; 0.05). In day 3 milk of sows, the 0.200 group tended to increase the lactose content (P = 0.07), and tended to decrease the secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content (P = 0.06) with respect to that in the CON group. The sIgA content in the YDP group was lower than that in the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). In the milk of sows, the 0.200 group tended to increase the lactose content with respect to that in the CON group (P = 0.08); the immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in the 0.125 group or YDP group was higher than that in the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). YDP supplementation increased the IgA content in the milk (P &lt; 0.01). In sow placenta, the content of total anti-oxidant capacity in the YDP group was higher than that in the CON group (P = 0.05); and the content of transforming growth factor-β in the YDP group was higher than that in the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). In piglet serum, the content of IgG and immunoglobulin M in the 0.125 group was higher than that in the CON and 0.200 groups (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, this study indicated that feeding sows diets supplemented with YDP from late gestation through lactation increased sows’ backfat deposition in late gestation and piglets’ weaning weight; decreased piglet mortality and diarrhea index in piglets; and improved maternal and offspring immunity.
N,N-Dimethylpentylone (dipentylone)—A new synthetic cathinone identified in a postmortem forensic toxicology case series
Authors: Fogarty Melissa F , Krotulski Alex J , Papsun Donna M , Walton Sara E , Lamb Michael , Truver Michael T , Chronister Chris W , Goldberger Bruce A , Logan Barry K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Synthetic cathinones emerged on the novel psychoactive substance (NPS) drug market as alternatives to controlled stimulants and entactogens such as methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. The majority of synthetic cathinones can be subclassified into two groups: beta-keto amphetamines (i.e., NPS with the suffix “drone”) and beta-keto methylenedioxyamphetamines (i.e., NPS with the suffix “lone”). Although a significant number of beta-keto amphetamines have been identified, beta-keto methylenedioxyamphetamines have dominated the NPS market, including notable drugs like methylone, butylone, N-ethyl pentylone (ephylone), eutylone and now N,N-dimethylpentylone. N,N-Dimethylpentylone, also known as dipentylone or beta-keto-dimethylbenzodioxolylpentanamine, emerged into the illicit drug supply &lt;2 months of the international control of eutylone (September 2021). A novel standard addition method was developed and validated for N,N-dimethylpentylone, pentylone and eutylone, and 18 postmortem cases were quantitated using the method described in this manuscript. The resulting blood concentration range for N,N-dimethylpentylone in this case series was 3.3 to 970 ng/mL (median: 145 ng/mL, mean: 277 ± 283 ng/mL). Pentylone, a metabolite of N,N-dimethylpentylone, was detected in all cases (range: 1.3–420 ng/mL, median: 31 ng/mL and mean: 88 ± 127 ng/mL). Due to the rise in identifications of N,N-dimethylpentylone in postmortem investigations as well as the potential misidentification of N,N-dimethylpentylone as N-ethyl pentylone, samples testing positive for pentylone should be additionally confirmed for the presence of N,N-dimethylpentylone. Based on prior trends of new synthetic cathinones, it can be theorized that N,N-dimethylpentylone may predominate the US synthetic stimulant market for the next 1–2 years; however, given the emergence of additional closely related isomeric compounds, it is important to utilize methodology capable of differentiating N,N-dimethylpentylone from its isomers (N-isopropylbutylone, N-ethyl pentylone, N-ethyl N-methyl butylone, hexylone, N-propylbutylone, diethylone and tertylone).
Diffusion of Gender Norms: Evidence from Stalin’s Ethnic Deportations
Authors: Miho Antonela , Jarotschkin Alexandra , Zhuravskaya Ekaterina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study horizontal between-group cultural transmission using Stalin’s ethnic deportations as a historical experiment. Over 2 million Soviet citizens, mostly Germans and Chechens, were forcibly relocated from the western to eastern parts of the USSR during WWII solely based on ethnicity. As a result, the native population of the deportation destinations was exogenously exposed to groups with drastically different gender norms and behavior. We combine historical and contemporary data to document that present-day gender equality in labor force participation, business leadership, and fertility as well as pro-gender-equality attitudes are higher among local native population of deportation destinations with a larger presence of Protestant compared to Muslim deportees. The effects are stronger for culturally closer groups and when adopting deportee norms is less costly. The results cannot be explained by selection, vertical cultural transmission, or deportee impact on the local economy. The evidence strongly suggests that gender norms diffused horizontally from deportees to the local population through imitation and learning.
The long-term effects of mass layoffs: do local economies (ever) recover?
Authors: Celli Viviana , Cerqua Augusto , Pellegrini Guido 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article investigates the long-term reaction of local labor markets (LLMs) to a mass layoff in a manufacturing plant. We adopt a non-parametric generalization of the difference-in-differences estimator expressly developed for time-series cross-sectional data and a new comprehensive dataset. Our results suggest that, on average, a mass layoff abruptly decreases industry employment by 22%; this negative impact is persistent even 9 years later. The shock has a negative and statistically significant effect only on the same industry of the affected LLM, while the rest of the local economy is, at most, mildly negatively affected. These findings depend on the initial level of development and call for the policymakers’ intervention to design efficient employment policies aimed at reducing the long-lasting social costs of a mass layoff at least for the less developed and less dynamic local economies.
Denoising for airborne transient electromagnetic data using noise-whitening-based weighted nuclear norm minimization
Authors: Peng Cong , Zhu Kaiguang , Fan Tianjiao , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recovering anomalous information covered under noise in late gates can enhance airborne transient electromagnetic (ATEM) detection. Conventional denoising mainly comprises filtering and gate correlation-based decomposition algorithms; the former fails to extract anomalies contaminated by noise and the latter relies on the correlation between gates, which may yield false late gate anomalies caused by early large-amplitude anomalies in early gates. In ATEM profiles, the correlation between anomalies in adjacent gates makes the anomalies to be measured to have low-rank characteristics relative to the noise-contaminated profiles; the noise is uniformly distributed in the profiles, which have nonlocal self-similarity. Therefore, the low-rank matrix approximation algorithm is applicable to ATEM data denoising. In this study, an algorithm—noise-whitening-based weighted nuclear norm minimization (NW-WNNM)—is designed to remove ATEM profile noise. First, we analyze the influence of patch size in block matching on anomalous and noisy patches and estimate the profile patch size adaptively. Then, we combine the estimation of noise variance in weighted nuclear norm minimization (WNNM) with the noise whitening of similar patch matrices to reduce the noise interference on the nuclear norm and add a whitening factor in the weight vector to make the soft-thresholding function applicable to the low-rank reconstruction of the whitened matrix. By analyzing the reconstructed low-rank matrix and its feature distribution, compared with WNNM, NW-WNNM can detect the feature information more accurately and eliminate the influence of noise on the nuclear norm. Simulation and field profile results indicate that NW-WNNM is superior to comparison denoising methods.
Study on the targeted regulation of Scutellaria baicalensis leaf on glutamine–glutamate metabolism and glutathione synthesis in the liver of d-gal ageing rats
Authors: Chen Chunni , Yang Linlin , Li Mengru , Gao Li , Qin Xuemei , Du Guanhua , Zhou Yuzhi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Scutellaria baicalensis leaf (SLE), the above-ground part of the traditional Chinese medicine Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is rich in resources and contains a large number of flavonoids with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective functions. The present study evaluated the ameliorative effects and related mechanisms of SLE on d-gal-induced ageing rats, providing a theoretical basis for the exploitation of SLE.

Methods
This experiment investigated the mechanism of SLE for anti-ageing by non-targeted metabonomics technology combined with targeted quantitative analysis and molecular biology technology.

Key findings
Non-targeted metabonomics analysis showed that 39 different metabolites were screened out. Among them, 38 metabolites were regulated by SLE (0.4 g/kg), and 33 metabolites were regulated by SLE (0.8 g/kg). Through enrichment analysis, glutamine–glutamate metabolic pathway was identified as the key metabolic pathway. Subsequently, the results of targeted quantitative and biochemical analysis displayed that the contents of key metabolites and the activities of enzymes in glutamine-glutamate metabolic pathway and glutathione synthesis could be regulated by SLE. Furthermore, the results of Western blotting indicated that SLE significantly modulated the expression of Nrf2, GCLC, GCLM, HO-1, and NQO1 proteins.

Conclusion
To sum up, the anti-ageing mechanism of SLE was related to glutamine-glutamate metabolism pathway and Nrf2 signalling pathway.
Twin hearts—minimally invasive mitral valve repair in twin sisters with mitral annular disjunction and Loeys-Dietz syndrome: a case series
Authors: Ioannou Stelios , Shiakos George , Ntoskas Theodoros , Papasavvas Elias , Anastasiadi Violetta , Loizides Nikoleta Betsimea , Mavrommatis Petros , Tzanavaros Ioannis 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this case report, we present 31-year-old twin sisters diagnosed with severe Barlow mitral valve prolapse, mitral annular disjunction and presence of lateral mid-wall fibrosis diagnosed on MRI as well as ventricular arrhythmias, and a very rare variant of Loeys-Dietz syndrome, being referred to our center for surgical repair. Genetic testing detected pathogenic variants of clinical significance in SMAD3 and KCNH2 genes that are associated with autosomal dominant disease of Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Due to the presence of severe mitral valve regurgitation, the first patient was referred for minimally invasive mitral valve repair that was performed successfully. Before discharge, a subcutaneous ICD implantation was performed as primary prevention against malignant ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Her twin sister presented with the identical diagnosis and underwent the same surgical procedure with S-ICD implantation a few months later.
Pancreatic heterotopia of the gallbladder – possible cause of right upper quadrant pain, a case report
Authors: Laslett Kirby , Tan Kimberley , Gilhotra Amardeep , Haque Izhar-ul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pancreatic heterotopia is characterized by ectopic pancreatic tissue found outside the pancreas without any anatomical or vascular connection to the pancreas. Pancreatic heterotopia of the gallbladder is a rare histological finding; there have been only a handful of cases described in the literature. Pancreatic heterotopia of the gallbladder is usually diagnosed incidentally at histological examination following cholecystectomy or autopsy. Clinical presentation of pancreatic heterotopia of the gallbladder can vary from biliary colic, biliary obstruction or it can be completely asymptomatic. It has been suggested that gallbladder pancreatic heterotopia may lead to pancreatitis of this ectopic tissue, which may present differently to typical biliary colic. Here, we present the case of a 43-year-old male that presented with 2 years of significant postprandial nausea and right upper quadrant pain. Histopathology following cholecystectomy revealed chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, in addition to a focus of pancreatic heterotopia in the gallbladder wall.
Complete disruption of vastus intermedius tendon and partial rupture of vastus medialis tendon
Authors: Pallis Dimitrios , Tsivelekas Konstantinos , Nikolakakos Petros , Ampadiotaki Margarita-Michaela , Kokkinis Constantinos , Papadakis Stamatios A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Quadriceps tendon ruptures are common injuries, however isolated ruptures are rare. Particularly, reports for isolated vastus intermedius ruptures are very scarce. We present a case of a 62-years-old male patient who sustained a complete rupture of vastus intermedius tendon with a partial rupture of vastus medialis while rectus femoris tendon was intact, after a fall from standing height. Due to lag in extension, surgical treatment was performed, consisted of an end-to-end Krakow suture technique accompanied with two anchors placed on osseous attachment to the superior pole of the patella. A hinged knee brace locked in full extension was applied for 4 weeks. Gradual range of flexion was suggested after the 3rd postoperative week. Full range of motion was achieved in the 7th postoperative week.
Molecular typing and antifungal susceptibility of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes from the National Invasive Fungal Surveillance Network of Uruguay
Authors: Puime Carlos Andrés , Bórmida Victoria , Pan Dinorah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii species complexes (phylum: Basidiomycota) are environmental yeasts and are the main cause of human cryptococcosis worldwide. The most recent molecular typing studies in Latin America have focused on the intertropical region. Thus, this study aimed to update the knowledge of human cryptococcosis in the South American temperate region. We obtained and analyzed 116 C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes isolates from the Public Health Surveillance Laboratory between 2008–2013 and 2017–2021 (C. gattii species complex = 1 and C. neoformans species complex = 115). The average patient age was 45 years, with an overall male:female ratio of 3.1:1. The proportion of HIV-negative patients was significantly higher in the second study period. Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of URA5 gene revealed that the C. neoformans species complex comprised 75.7% VNI, 2.6% VNII, 0.9% VNIII, 1.7% VNIV, 17.4% VNII/VNIV hybrids, and one C. neoformans isolate (0.9%) misidentified as VGI; the C. gattii species complex isolates comprised one VGII. The overall case fatality rate was 49.5%, with no differences in lethality between VNI and hybrid isolates. Of the four isolates responsible for episodes of reoccurrence, only one had a genotype different from the first episode. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed that most isolates fell below the local epidemiological cut-off value. This study provides additional information for the analysis of C. neoformans/C. gattii species complexes dynamics in the South American temperate region.
The VVV near-IR galaxy catalogue in a Northern part of the Galactic disc
Authors: Daza-Perilla I V , Sgró M A , Baravalle L D , Alonso M V , Villalon C , Lares M , Soto M , Castellón J L Nilo , Valotto C , Cortés P Marchant , Minniti D , Hempel M 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The automated identification of extragalactic objects in large surveys provides reliable and reproducible samples of galaxies in less time than procedures involving human interaction. However, regions near the Galactic disc are more challenging due to the dust extinction. We present the methodology for the automatic classification of galaxies and non-galaxies at low Galactic latitude regions using both images and photometric and morphological near-IR data from the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea eXtended (VVVX) survey. Using the VVV NIR Galaxy Catalogue (VVV NIRGC), we analyse by statistical methods the most relevant features for galaxy identification. This catalogue was used to train a convolutional neural network with image data and an XGBoost model with both photometric and morphological data and then to generate a data set of extragalactic candidates. This allows us to derive probability catalogues used to analyse the completeness and purity as a function of the configuration parameters and to explore the best combinations of the models. As a test case, we apply this methodology to the Northern disc region of the VVVX survey, obtaining 172 396 extragalactic candidates with probabilities of being galaxies. We analyse the performance of our methodology in the VVV disc, reaching an F1-score of 0.67, a 65 per cent purity, and a 69 per cent completeness. We present the VVV NIRGC: Northern part of the Galactic disc comprising 1003 new galaxies, with probabilities greater than 0.6 for either model, with visual inspection and with only two previously identified galaxies. In the future, we intend to apply this methodology to other areas of the VVVX survey.
Single-pulse analysis and average emission characteristics of PSR J1820−0427 from observations made with the MWA and uGMRT
Authors: Janagal Parul , Chakraborty Manoneeta , Bhat N D Ramesh , McSweeney Samuel J , Sett Susmita 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We have studied the pulse-to-pulse variability in PSR J1820−0427 and its frequency dependence using high-quality, wide-band observations made with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT; 300–750 MHz) and the Murchison Widefield Array (∼170–200 MHz). The low-frequency data reveal a previously unreported feature in the average profile (at 185 MHz) after accounting for the effects of temporal broadening arising from multipath scattering due to the interstellar medium. We advance a new method for flux density calibration of beamformed data from the uGMRT and use it to measure the single-pulse flux densities across the uGMRT band. Combined with previously published measurements, these flux densities are best fitted with a power-law spectrum with a low-frequency turnover. We also use calibrated flux densities to explore the relationship between pulse-to-pulse variability and the spectral index of individual pulses. Our analysis reveals a large scatter in the single-pulse spectral indices and a general tendency for brighter pulses to show a steepening of the spectral index. We also examine the frequency dependence of the pulse fluence distribution and its relation to the Stochastic Growth Theory.
Did Kepler-444 have a long-lived convective core?
Authors: Winther Mark Lykke , Aguirre Børsen-Koch Víctor , Rørsted Jakob Lysgaard , Stokholm Amalie , Verma Kuldeep 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
With the greater power to infer the state of stellar interiors provided by asteroseismology, it has become possible to study the survival of initially convective cores within stars during their main-sequence evolution. Standard theories of stellar evolution predict that convective cores in subsolar mass stars have lifetimes below $1\, {\rm Gyr}$. However, a recent asteroseismic study of the star Kepler-444 concluded that the initial convective core had survived for nearly $8\, {\rm Gyr}$. The goal of this paper is to study the convective-core evolution of Kepler-444 and to investigate its proposed longevity. We modify the input physics of stellar models to induce longer convective-core lifetimes and vary the associated parameter across a dense grid of evolutionary tracks. The observations of metallicity, effective temperature, mean density, and asteroseismic frequency ratios are fitted to the models using the basta pipeline. We explore different choices of constraints, from which a long convective-core lifetime is only recovered for a few specific combinations: mainly from the inclusion of potentially unreliable frequencies and/or excluding the covariances between the frequency ratios, whereas for the classical parameters, the derived luminosity has the largest influence. For all choices of observables, our analysis reliably constrains the convective-core lifetime of Kepler-444 to be short, with a median around $0.6\, {\rm Gyr}$ and a 1σ upper bound around $3.5\, {\rm Gyr}$.
Colour jumps across the spiral arms of Hubble Ultra Deep Field galaxies
Authors: Martínez-García Eric E , González-Lópezlira Rosa A , Puerari Ivânio 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We have measured, at various wavelengths, the spiral arm pitch angles of a sample of distant spiral galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope eXtreme Deep Field (XDF). According to density wave (DW) theory, we should detect colour jumps from red-to-blue across the spiral arms. Colour jumps are a consequence of large-scale shocks, which also generate the classic blue-to-red age/colour gradients, and have only been detected until now in nearby spiral galaxies. Our results indicate that colour jumps and gradients have been occurring in distant galaxies for at least the last 8 Gyr, in agreement with DW theory.