bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and laboratory genetic counselor attitudes on the reporting of variants of uncertain significance for multigene cancer panels
Authors: Chang Emmeline Y. , Solomon Ilana , Culver Julie O. , Gorman Nicholas , Comeaux Jacob G. , Lerman Caryn , Quinn Emily A. , Ekstein Tali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractResearch suggests variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) present a variety of challenges for genetic counselors (GCs), nongenetics clinicians, and patients. Multigene cancer panels reveal more VUSs than single gene testing as a result of the increase in the number of genes being tested. This study surveyed 87 clinical cancer GCs involved with direct patient care and 19 laboratory GCs who provide guidance to clinicians regarding genetic test results about their attitudes on various options for the reporting of VUSs by laboratories for broad multigene cancer panels. Independent samples t‐tests were utilized to compare the two groups. Based on a six‐point Likert‐type scale (1 = Strongly Disagree to 6 = Strongly Agree), clinical cancer GCs (M = 5.4; SD = 0.8) and laboratory GCs (M = 5.2; SD = 0.9) agreed overall that VUSs should be reported (p = 0.44; Cohen's d = 0.21). When asked about specific reporting options, both clinical cancer GCs (M = 1.9; SD = 1.1) and laboratory GCs (M = 2.1; SD = 1.4) disagreed that VUSs should be reported only for genes related to the indication for testing (p = 0.50; Cohen's d = 0.17). Overall, most GCs felt clinicians should not choose whether VUSs should be reported on genetic test results, with clinical cancer GCs (M = 1.9; SD = 1.3) feeling more strongly against it than laboratory GCs (M = 3.1; SD = 1.4; p = 0.002; Cohen's d = 0.88). Generally, GCs were more in favor of VUSs not being reported for population‐based screening, with laboratory GCs (M = 4.7; SD = 0.8) agreeing more with that practice than clinical cancer GCs (M = 3.7; SD = 1.4; p = 0.001; Cohen's d = 0.80). Both clinical cancer GCs (M = 4.1; SD = 1.2) and laboratory GCs (M = 3.9; SD = 1.2) agreed additional guidelines on how to approach VUSs in clinical practice should be developed (p = 0.54; Cohen's d = 0.17). While most GCs supported the reporting of VUSs overall, our analyses suggest clinical cancer and laboratory GCs may have different attitudes toward specific VUS‐related reporting options. Further research is needed to elucidate GC preferences to help inform best practices for the reporting of VUSs. The development of additional standardized guidelines on how to approach VUSs would further support clinical practice.
In vivo imaging of nitric oxide in the male rat brain exposed to a shock wave
Authors: Kawauchi Satoko , Inaba Masaki , Muramatsu Yuriko , Kono Akemi , Nishidate Izumi , Adachi Takeshi , Cernak Ibolja , Sato Shunichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhile numerous studies have suggested the involvement of cerebrovascular dysfunction in the pathobiology of blast‐induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI), its exact mechanisms and how they affect the outcome of bTBI are not fully understood. Our previous study showed the occurrence of cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) and subsequent long‐lasting oligemia/hypoxemia in the rat brain exposed to a laser‐induced shock wave (LISW). We hypothesized that this hemodynamic abnormality is associated with shock wave‐induced generation of nitric oxide (NO). In this study, to verify this hypothesis, we used an NO‐sensitive fluorescence probe, diaminofluorescein‐2 diacetate (DAF‐2 DA), for real‐time in vivo imaging of male Sprague–Dawley rats' brain exposed to a mild‐impulse LISW. We observed the most intense fluorescence, indicative of NO production, along the pial arteriolar walls during the period of 10–30 min post‐exposure, parallel with CSD occurrence. This post‐exposure period also coincided with the early phase of hemodynamic abnormalities. While the changes in arteriolar wall fluorescence measured in rats receiving pharmacological NO synthase inhibition by nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) 24 h before exposure showed a temporal profile similar to that of changes observed in LISW‐exposed rats with CSD, their intensity level was considerably lower; this suggests partial involvement of NOS in shock wave‐induced NO production. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first real‐time in vivo imaging of NO in rat brain, confirming the involvement of NO in shock‐wave‐induced hemodynamic impairments. Finally, we have outlined the limitations of this study and our future research directions.
Streamflow reconstruction in the Kafirnigan River, Tajikistan since 1568 CE reveals a linkage between southern Central Asian hydrological variation and ENSO
Authors: Bakhtiyorov Zulfiyor , Opała‐Owczarek Magdalena , Chen Feng , Wang Shijie , Shang Huaming , Owczarek Piotr , Khan Adam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLong‐term hydroclimate change can provide reliable reference for water resources management in Central Asia. However, only a few palaeohydrological records exist in Tajikistan. To obtain a long‐term perspective on hydrological changes in Tajikistan, we developed, for the first time, a streamflow reconstruction from September of the previous year to June of the current one in the Kafirnigan River basin, based on Juniperus semiglobosa tree‐ring width indices from the Iskanderkul area in northern Tajikistan. The streamflow reconstruction explains 40% of the actual streamflow variance during the period 1939–1993. Spatial correlation analyses with gridded precipitation data indicate that our streamflow reconstruction contains a strong regional hydroclimatic signal for southern Central Asia. The high and low intervals of our streamflow reconstruction are closely related to the interdecadal variations of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Our reconstructed streamflow is significantly correlated with sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and northern Indian Ocean, indicate the existence of remarkable 11‐, 5.6–5.7‐, 4.3‐, 2.6‐, 2.3‐ and 2.0‐year cycles, and suggest a relationship between southern Central Asian streamflow variations and ENSO activity.
Habitat value of constructed breeding pools for the endangered Sonoma population of California tiger salamander
Authors: Cook David G. , Stemle Leyna R. , Stokes David L. , Messerman Arianne F. , Meisler Julian A. , Searcy Christopher A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHabitat creation is a common element of efforts to recover populations threatened by altered habitat. Unfortunately, human‐created habitats do not necessarily support re‐establishment of target species. We investigated the value of constructed vernal pools as breeding habitat for the endangered Sonoma County population of California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) by conducting 19 years of larval surveys in 118 pools that were natural (n = 40), constructed (n = 70), or natural with substantial human alterations (human‐altered, n = 8). California tiger salamander larval densities in human‐altered and natural pools declined over the study period, while larval densities in constructed pools showed non‐negative trends. Larval declines in natural pools may be attributed to long‐term degradation of the surrounding terrestrial habitat. Mean larval densities over the course of the study were equivalent between constructed and natural pools, when corrected for pool morphometry. In contrast, human‐altered pools had lower larval densities. To assure consistent California tiger salamander breeding, pools needed to be ≥30 cm deep and 240 m2 in area, with deeper (50–70 cm) and larger (1,600–1,800 m2) pools providing increased larval productivity. Over the study, there was no evidence of decrease in the rate of colonization of new pools. We conclude that constructed pools can be important tools in the recovery of imperiled pool‐breeding amphibians if proper design elements for the target species are considered.
Ultra‐Broadband Multimode Waveguide Crossing via Subwavelength Transmitarray with Bound State
Authors: Guo Xiaoyuan , Wang Zi , Zhang Yao , Liu Yingjie , Zhang Zimeng , Xu Jiefeng , Xiao Shumin , Song Qinghai , Xu Ke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs a fundamental building block for photonic integrated circuits, waveguide crossing is playing an essential role for routing the increasingly complex network on chip. Driven by the demands for carrying a large capacity of data per waveguide, wavelengths and guiding modes are emerging as important degrees of freedom for optical multiplexing to embrace the advantages of signal parallelism. Although various waveguide crossing structures are proposed to either support broad spectra of wavelengths or a large number of modes, none of these are simultaneously achieved. Here, an ultra‐broadband multimode waveguide crossing based on subwavelength transmitarray (SWTA) is proposed. The SWTA is well designed for high transmittance in the propagation direction and excellent confinement in its orthogonal direction by creation of a bound state. A three‐mode crossing is designed and fabricated on silicon on insulator with a compact footprint of only 5.05 µm × 5.05 µm. The crossing is able to operate over a large bandwidth from 1.4 to 2.1 µm with an excess loss of less than 0.77 dB. For a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of the structure scalability, the crossing is predicted to support up to ten modes. The ultra‐broadbandwidth and compactness of this multimode crossing make it possible to densely cross connect the waveguides with large data capacity via wavelength and mode division multiplexing.
Customized Structural Color Filters by Pixel‐Level Electrothermal Regulation
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Guo Tingbiao , Lin Zijian , Liu Zhenchao , He Nan , Xu Xinan , Xing Yuxin , Wang Dong , Li Ying , Jin Yi , He Sailing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractReflective structural colors have backlight‐free supremacy and can provide energy‐efficient and environmental‐friendly color production for many applications. However, they are hindered by the complex process and incorrect colors after fabrication. Here, a pixelated electrothermal oxidation technique is proposed that can precisely tailor and produce reflective structural colors covering the entire visible range, providing the possibility for customized structural color filter arrays from a titanium canvas. Furthermore, as a demonstration, a photonic‐firework‐like color filter array is achieved in a single step via thermal engineering. Based on this one‐step‐forming color array, a computational spectrometer is also realized featuring a resolvability of 10 nm and operating bandwidth covering the whole visible range. Considering its compactness and mass production capability, this method has numerous potential applications in, e.g., imaging, anti‐counterfeiting, printing, color display, and spectroscopy.
Evanescent Wave Lab‐on‐Fiber for High Sensitivity Gas Spectroscopy with Wide Dynamic Range and Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Zhao Pengcheng , Ho Hoi Lut , Fan Shangchun , Jin Wei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicro/nano waveguide has been widely exploited for gas sensing due to its strong confinement of evanescent field, compact size, and fast response. However, the state‐or‐the‐art evanescent‐wave gas sensors still struggle to satisfy the requirements of high sensitivity, high selectivity, large dynamic range, and long‐term stability. In this work, microfiber‐based evanescent‐wave mode‐phase‐difference photothermal spectroscopy for trace gas detection is reported. With a microfiber of 5.6 cm in length and 2.36 µm in diameter, noise‐equivalent‐concentration of 160 ppb methane in nitrogen is achieved with a dynamic range over 6 orders of magnitude, response time of less than 6 s, and <3% instability over 7 days. The technique utilizes commercial fiber‐optic components to make cost‐effective lab‐on‐fiber probes with real‐time and remote detection capability for industrial, medical, and environmental monitoring.
Striatal Dopamine Loss in Early Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Novel Analysis of Dopamine Transporter Imaging
Authors: Heng Nicholas , Malek Naveed , Lawton Michael A. , Nodehi Anahita , Pitz Vanessa , Grosset Katherine A. , Ben‐Shlomo Yoav , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeuropathological studies, based on small samples, suggest that symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) emerge when dopamine/nigrostriatal loss is around 50–80%. Functional neuroimaging can be applied in larger numbers during life, which allows analysis of the extent of dopamine loss more directly.ObjectiveTo quantify dopamine transporter (DaT) activity by neuroimaging in early PD.MethodsSystematic review and novel analysis of DaT imaging studies in early PD.ResultsIn our systematic review, in 423 unique cases from 27 studies with disease duration of less than 6 years, mean age 58.0 (SD 11.5) years, and mean disease duration 1.8 (SD 1.2) years, striatal loss was 43.5% (95% CI 41.6, 45.4) contralaterally, and 36.0% (95% CI 33.6, 38.3) ipsilaterally. For unilateral PD, in 436 unique cases, mean age 57.5 (SD 10.2) years, and mean disease duration 1.8 (SD 1.4) years, striatal loss was 40.6% (95% CI 38.8, 42.4) contralaterally, and 31.6% (95% CI 29.4, 33.8) ipsilaterally. In our novel analysis of the Parkinson's Progressive Marker Initiative study, 413 cases had 1436 scans performed. For a disease duration of less than 1 year, age was 61.8 (SD 9.8) years, and striatal loss was 51.2% (95% CI 49.1, 53.3) contralaterally and 39.5% (36.9, 42.1) ipsilaterally, giving an overall striatal loss of 45.3% (43.0, 47.6).ConclusionsLoss of striatal DaT activity in early PD is less at 35–45%, rather than the 50–80% striatal dopamine loss estimated to be present at the time of symptom onset, based on backwards extrapolation from autopsy studies.
A compact fully fabric I‐shaped antenna supported with textile‐based AMC for low SAR 2.45 GHz wearable applications
Authors: Youssef Omar M. , Atrash Mohamed El , Abdalla Mahmoud A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduced in this letter is a thin, flexible, compact, and fully fabric I‐shaped quarter‐wavelength antenna, where a 3 × 3 array reflector, is in the antenna rear end. In free space, the I‐shaped antenna radiates at 2.45 GHz of the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical band with simulated realized gain of 1.65 dB and 90% worth of simulated radiation efficiency. The array reflector is utilized to diminish the specific absorption rate (SAR) in human evaluation scenarios. At the operating frequency, in free space, the antenna realized gain is improved by 75% after incorporating the artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) array. Moreover, over 1 g of tissue, a SAR reduction of 99.5% is attained at 2.45 GHz. Simulation and measured S11 and radiation pattern comparisons are highlighted in this letter. Based on the accomplished outcomes, the integrated antenna, comprised of the fully fabric I‐shaped quarter‐wavelength antenna and the AMC array, might be considered for wearable applications.
Optimising management of low back pain through the pain and disability drivers management model: Findings from a pilot cluster nonrandomised controlled trial
Authors: Longtin Christian , Décary Simon , Cook Chad E. , Tousignant Michel , Lacasse Anaïs , Tousignant‐Laflamme Yannick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionLow back pain (LBP) remains the leading cause of disability. The Low Back Pain and Disability Drivers Management (PDDM) model aims to identify the domains driving pain and disability to guide clinical decisions. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of conducting a pragmatic controlled trial of the PDDM model and to explore its effectiveness compared to clinical practice guidelines' recommendations for LBP management.MethodsA pilot cluster nonrandomised controlled trial. Participants included physiotherapists and their patients aged 18 years or older presenting with a primary complaint of LBP. Primary outcomes were the feasibility of the trial design. Secondary exploratory analyses were conducted on LBP‐related outcomes such as pain severity and interference at 12‐week follow‐up.ResultsFeasibility of study procedures were confirmed, recruitment exceeded our target number of participants, and the eligibility criteria were deemed suitable. Lost to follow‐up at 12 weeks was higher than expected (43.0%) and physiotherapists' compliance rates to the study protocol was lower than our predefined threshold (75.0% vs. 57.5%). A total of 44 physiotherapists and 91 patients were recruited. Recommendations for a larger scale trial were formulated. The PDDM model group demonstrated slightly better improvements in all clinical outcome measures compared to the control group at 12 weeks.ConclusionThe findings support the feasibility of conducting such trial contingent upon a few recommendations to foster proper future planning to determine the effectiveness of the PDDM model. Our results provide preliminary evidence of the PDDM model effectiveness to optimise LBP management.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicaltrial.gov, NCT04893369.
An age‐period‐cohort approach to studying long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England (1992–2019)
Authors: Opazo Breton Magdalena , Gray Laura A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to understand long‐term trends in obesity and overweight in England by estimating life‐course transitions as well as historical and birth cohort trends for both children and adults.MethodsData on individuals aged 5 to 85 years old from the Health Survey for England were used, covering the period 1992 to 2019 and birth cohorts born between 1909 and 2013. Individual BMI values were classified as healthy weight, overweight, or obesity. Trends were compared, and an age‐period‐cohort model was estimated using logistic regression and categorical age, period, and cohort groups.ResultsThere was significant variation in age trajectories by birth cohorts for healthy weight and obesity prevalence. The odds of having obesity compared with a healthy weight increased consistently with age, increased throughout the study period (but faster between 1992 and 2001), and were higher for birth cohorts born between 1989 and 2008. The odds of having overweight showed an inverted U‐shape among children, increased through adulthood, have been stable since 2012, and were considerably higher for the youngest birth cohort (2009–2013).ConclusionsYounger generations with higher overweight prevalence coupled with increasing obesity prevalence with age suggest that obesity should remain a high priority for public health policy makers in England.
Evolving Management of Acute Mastoiditis: Analysis of the Pediatric Health Information System Database
Authors: Friesen Tzyynong L. , Hall Matt , Ramchandar Nanda , Berry Jay G. , Jiang Wen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe optimal management of acute mastoiditis remains controversial. Most existing studies are retrospective single‐institutional experiences with small cohorts. Our objectives were to analyze the treatment of acute mastoiditis by pediatric centers across the United States and changes in management over time.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingAdministrative database study using Pediatric Health Information System.MethodsPatients ≤18 years of age who were admitted with a principal diagnosis of acute mastoiditis from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019 were included. Trends were assessed by Cochran‐Armitage Trend Test. χ2 and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare outcomes between the surgical and nonsurgical groups.ResultsA total of 2170 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 1248 (57.5%) requiring surgical management. The rate of surgical procedures decreased significantly over time. The rate of myringotomy decreased from 64% in 2010 to 47% in 2019 (p < .001), and mastoidectomy decreased from 22% in 2010 to 10% in 2019 (p < .001). On admission, 29% of the cohort presented with mastoiditis‐related complications. Patients treated surgically were younger (p < .001), more likely to present with complications (37.5% vs 17.5%, p < .001), required longer length of stay (3.7 vs 2.3 days, p < .001), and had higher intensive care unit utilization (8.6% vs 2.2%, p < .001). However, the rate of 30‐day readmission, emergency department return, and in‐hospital mortality were all similar.ConclusionAcute mastoiditis has been successfully treated with declining rates of a surgery over time. Younger patients who present with complications are more likely to be managed surgically, and the overall outcomes remain excellent.
Adolescent exercise‐related lower leg pain musculotendinous characteristics
Authors: DeJong Lempke Alexandra F. , Jackson Sarah , Stracciolini Andrea , D'Hemecourt Pierre A. , Meehan William P. , Whitney Kristin E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundExercise‐related lower leg pain (ERLLP) is one of the most common injuries among adolescent runners; however, there is limited information available on lower extremity musculotendinous characteristics in relationship to injury. Ultrasound imaging has previously been used to evaluate musculotendinous structures among adults with chronic lower limb injuries. Similar measurement approaches may be adopted to assess young runners with ERLLP.ObjectiveTo compare ultrasound‐derived lower extremity musculotendinous thickness, echogenicity, and muscle fiber pennation angles between adolescent runners with and without ERLLP.DesignCross‐sectional design.SettingHospital‐affiliated sports injury prevention center.ParticipantsTwenty‐eight adolescent runners with (N = 14) and without ERLLP (N = 14).InterventionsRunners' patellar and Achilles tendons, and tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, abductor hallicus, and flexor digitorum brevis muscles were assessed with ultrasound imaging using standardized procedures.Main Outcome MeasuresSeparate repeated measures multivariate analyses of covariance (covariate: gender) were used to compare groups and limbs for mass‐normalized musculotendinous thickness, musculotendinous echogenicity, and extrinsic ankle muscle fiber pennation angles.ResultsThe adolescent ERLLP group had reduced average muscle size for all structures except the tibialis anterior compared to the uninjured group (mean difference [MD] range: −0.12–0.49 mm/kg; p range: .002–.05), and reduced average medial gastrocnemius pennation angles on their case limb compared to their contralateral limb and the uninjured group (MD range: −3.7–6.4°; p < .001). The ERLLP group additionally had reduced average patellar and Achilles tendon size (MD range: −0.14–−0.15 mm/kg; p range: .02–.03), and lower Achilles tendon echogenicity compared to uninjured counterparts (MD: −18; p = .02).ConclusionsAdolescent runners with ERLLP exhibited morphological musculotendinous changes that may occur either as a result of or as a contributing factor to pain and persistent dysfunction. The findings highlight key targets for rehabilitation for young, injured runners, particularly intrinsic foot muscle strengthening.