bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of Robotic Total Mesorectal Excision With Partial Prostatectomy Compared With Open Surgery for Rectal Cancer: A Single‐Center Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shimano Rumi , Kasai Shunsuke , Kagawa Hiroyasu , Shiomi Akio , Manabe Shoichi , Yamaoka Yusuke , Tanaka Yusuke , Igaki Takahiro , Nankaku Akitoshi , Kinugasa Yusuke 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimRobotic total mesorectal excision (TME) with resection of adjacent organs has been increasingly used for locally advanced rectal cancer; however, few studies have focused on robotic TME with partial prostatectomy. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate the advantages of robotic TME with partial prostatectomy compared with open surgery for rectal cancer.MethodThis retrospective cohort study examined consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent robotic or open TME with partial prostatectomy at a high‐volume center in Japan from April 2003 to March 2022. The patients were divided into robotic (n = 14) and open (n = 11) surgery groups. The short‐ and long‐term outcomes of these patients were compared.ResultsMore transabdominal partial prostatectomies were performed in the robotic surgery group than in the open surgery group (71.4% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.001). Moreover, sphincter‐preserving surgery was performed in 35.7% of patients in the robotic surgery group. The robotic surgery group had shorter operative times (401 min vs. 435 min, p = 0.047), less blood loss (56 mL vs. 484 mL, p < 0.001), lower complication rates (28.6% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.047), and shorter postoperative hospital stays (8 days vs. 18 days, p < 0.001) than the open surgery group. No significant differences were observed in the positive radial margin rate (7.1% vs. 9.1%, p = 1.000) or long‐term outcomes between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with open surgery, robotic TME with partial prostatectomy facilitates transabdominal partial prostatectomy, resulting in more sphincter‐preserving surgeries and better short‐term outcomes.
Unravelling sources of variability on rocuronium pharmacokinetics: Implications for prolonged recovery in older patients
Authors: Happ Miriam S. R. , Pippa Leandro F. , Lauretti Gabriela R. , Gebhart Anthony R. , Weindl Günther , Azeredo Francine J. , Vozmediano Valvanera , Schmidt Stephan , de Moraes Natalia V. 
Published: January 2025

AimsResidual neuromuscular blockade (RNB) commonly occurs when using neuromuscular blockers and increases the risk for pulmonary complications, such as airway obstruction and severe hypoxemia, in extubated patients. Rocuronium exhibits a high variability in recovery time, contributing to an increased risk for RNB. This study aimed to identify and characterize the sources of variability in rocuronium exposure and response via a population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis and to apply the developed PK/PD model to investigate clinical implications.MethodsA nonlinear mixed‐effect model was developed for rocuronium in patients undergoing general anaesthesia, using doses of 0.3–1.2 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations and the neuromuscular block (train of four ratio) were assessed up to 6 h after dosing. The influence of age, body mass index, renal function and sex on PK and PD was explored. Simulations were performed to predict the recovery time.ResultsA two‐compartment model with linear elimination and an indirect sigmoid I‐max model was used to describe PK and PD. The transfer rate into the periphery increases with age. The predicted recovery time was significantly longer in older subjects aged 85 years (median: 2.8 h; interquartile range [IQR]: 2.18–4.0) compared to young adults aged 25 years (median: 2.5 h; IQR: 2.0–3.1) following single bolus administrations of doses ≥ 0.7 mg/kg.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that older patients take slightly longer to recover than younger adults due to an age‐dependent increase in tissue uptake. However, a priori dose adjustments for rocuronium in older patients are not feasible, since age contribution is overshadowed by the overall variability in the recovery time.
From Thought to Action: The Decision‐Making Process of Foster Parents
Authors: Lopez Giulia , Sichel Francesco , Sallay Viola , Iafrate Raffaella 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough foster care represents an essential practice for helping children and families in difficult situations, nowadays, in Italy, the number of people open to engaging in this kind of care is limited compared to the real need, and agencies have difficulties recruiting new foster parents. The present qualitative study is aimed at identifying the process that leads families to become foster parents and investigating how this decision has been put into practice, with the aim of improving practices in the foster care system. A constructivist grounded theory approach was used to study the experiences of foster parent dyads in Northern Italy. The basic social process of ‘acting generatively’ was identified. This represented the inner need to act experienced by the people who approach foster care and who are guided by the desire to go beyond the self, to serve others and to take care of future generations. Six axial codes representing the six main phases in this process, characterized from a sociorelational point of view, were identified: values awareness, generative ideation, generative agreement, evaluation, generative intention and generative action. This article describes a foster decision‐making model that may help social workers in recruiting foster families.
Sown wildflower fields and hedgerows synergistically promote insectivorous bats
Authors: Peter Franziska , Bleumer Rebecca , Christophersen Christina Martinez , Matern Sally , Diekötter Tim 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDespite their relevance for anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity, synergistic effects are rarely considered in conservation science or management. However, the implementation of single agri‐environment measures may limit their potential benefits for biodiversity since species often require a multitude of complementary key resources, particularly in homogeneous and structurally poor landscapes. To advance conservation management, we studied whether hedgerows promote benefits of sown wildflower fields for insectivorous bats in temperate agro‐ecosystems. At 12 study sites, we simultaneously monitored bat activity and insect abundances from early to late summer at paired locations, that is, the ecotone of a sown wildflower field bordering a hedgerow and an open boundary of the same wildflower field. Particularly in early and mid‐summer, we found distinct preferences of bats for the ecotone of wildflower field and hedgerow. Yet, independent of the season, neither insects nor specifically moths showed a significant preference for the ecotone. Finally, both bat activity as well as insect abundances shifted towards the ecotone when distance to the nearest forest patch was high. We showed that synergies of hedgerows and wildflower fields promote benefits of the latter for both edge‐ and open‐space foraging bats, particularly in homogeneous and structurally poor agricultural landscapes. Therefore, successful conservation management should take advantage of synergies between complementary conservation measures at the local patch scale and at the same time, account for landscape composition and configuration.
Efficacy of myo‐inositol and zinc on insulin resistance in a paediatric population with obesity
Authors: Antoniotti Valentina , Partenope Cristina , Solito Arianna , Mancioppi Valentina , Baima Jessica , Medina Federico , Dimarakis Sotirios , Agostini Alida , Sista Maria T. , Monzani Alice , Scotti Lorenza , Rabbone Ivana , Prodam Flavia , Bellone Simonetta 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy of the combined administration of myo‐inositol and zinc, a mineral involved in the insulin pathway, in paediatric obesity with insulin resistance on HOMA‐IR, glucose‐insulin metabolism, and lipid profile.Materials and MethodsDouble‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study conducted in North Italy. Fifty‐six patients (10–18 years, Tanner stage ≥3) with obesity and insulin resistance were randomized to myo‐inositol (2000 mg), zinc gluconate (5 mg), and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from plant‐based origin (1000 mg) (TRT) or placebo (PLC) containing only GOS from plant‐based origin (1000 mg). All patients received an isocaloric diet following the Mediterranean diet style. Data were collected at baseline (V0) and after 3 months (V1). The primary outcome was the insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR).ResultsFifty out of 56 recruited subjects completed the study. TRT improved HDL cholesterol level compared to PLC (p = 0.05) but not insulin resistance. A stratified post hoc analysis was performed by sex, BMI, and subgroups of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Subjects were divided for obesity grade, fasting insulin (p = 0.0137) and HOMA‐IR (p = 0.0273) were lower in TRT than in PLC patients, with a greater effect on severe obesity. No adverse events were detected.ConclusionThree months of supplementation with myo‐inositol and zinc were beneficial on lipid profile and in managing obesity complications at least in subjects with severe phenotype. Thus, myo‐inositol and zinc could be used as non‐pharmacological agents. This work suggests a long‐term study with a larger sample size to enrich the findings.
Central bank cooperation 1930–2: A reappraisal
Authors: Flores Zendejas Juan , Nodari Gianandrea 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe literature on interwar monetary history has argued that the lack of central bank cooperation contributed to the pervasive economic outcome of the 1930s. The reasons for this failure are still an object of debate. In this paper, we revisit the attitude of individual central banks to the attempts led by the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) to institutionalize central bank cooperation. We present original archival evidence to show that the 1931 crisis in central Europe emerged as an exogenous shock, prompting the BIS to become an international lender of last resort and to increase the resources at its disposal. However, the BIS relied on member central banks’ discretionary behaviour, which was far from supportive. Whilst the literature has mainly focused on the core central banks’ negative attitude towards BIS lending of last resort operations, we observe a general reticence to foster the BIS's structural and autonomous capacity to provide stabilization loans. Whilst politics also played a role in periphery countries, a major claim of this paper is that central banks shared a significant concern about profit‐making reserve management, thereby limiting the BIS's available resources and capacity to lend. We conclude that these structural weaknesses profoundly hindered a multilateral response to the crises of the 1930s.
An Analysis of Students' Perceptions of Strategies to Improve Well‐Being in Dentistry
Authors: Chan Charlotte Cheuk Kwan , Fok Elise Hoi Wan , Botelho Michael George 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIntroductionA number of papers have reported on stressors to students in the dental curriculum. This paper analyses perceptions of strategies to improve well‐being among final‐year dental students in a dental curriculum.MethodsA literature review was performed to create a question guide to explore issues of wellness and stress in a dental curriculum. Final‐year dental students were invited to an interview using random sampling and issues related to strategies for well‐being were analysed by an inductive–deductive approach.ResultsFourteen interviews were conducted, yielding three themes under the overarching domain of strategies to improve dental student well‐being. Under the theme of well‐being management, students wished for training on stress reduction for their personal well‐being and guidance on communication, referral and mental health support to manage the well‐being of colleagues and patients. The second theme, mentoring, covered peer support in the form of a ‘buddy system’ and sharing from recent graduates to help students gain practical and career advice about post‐graduation challenges. Finally, suggestions for institutional support included providing in‐house counsellors in the dental hospital with specialised knowledge about the unique concerns of dental students and clear leave of absence policies that treat mental and physical health equally to encourage help‐seeking and reduce the fear of disclosure.ConclusionThe experiences of final‐year dental students were sampled to explore potential approaches to improve well‐being in the dental school environment. Guided by these student perspectives, specific strategies have been implemented and recommended to improve the wellness support provided by the faculty for dental students.
I love you no matter what: Negative relationship quality and daily encounters in the parent–child tie and their implications for daily mood across the lifespan
Authors: Stephenson Jane M. , Turkelson Angela , Fingerman Karen L. , Birditt Kira S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractParent–child relationship quality has critical implications for parental emotional well‐being across the lifespan. The present study assessed how relationship quality is related to daily encounters between parents and children, how those encounters are linked with parents' mood, and how these associations vary by age. Participants (N = 129, ages 33–91) reported baseline relationship quality with a total of 337 children (ages 1–69). In ecological momentary assessments, participants reported encounters with their children and their mood every 3 h for 4 days (N = 2220). Analyses revealed that relationship quality was not associated with whether parents had contact with their children. More negative relationship quality was positively associated with unpleasant encounters and negatively associated with pleasant encounters with children. Pleasant encounters with a child were associated with a more positive mood regardless of relationship quality. Unpleasant encounters were associated with a more negative mood, particularly when parents had a more negative relationship with their children. These associations varied significantly by age. Parents were more likely to have contact with more irritating adolescent children than less irritating adolescents and were less likely to have unpleasant encounters with children in emerging adulthood compared to childhood. Older parents' moods were not as strongly associated with unpleasant encounters, though the likelihood of experiencing unpleasant encounters was more closely tied to relationship quality for older parents than younger parents. These findings have important implications for understanding the relationship between family conflict and emotional well‐being across the life course.
Analysis of Contact and Bending Fatigue for Double‐Helical Planetary Gear Train Based on Efficient Critical Plane Methods
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Dong Qingbing , Shi Xiujiang , Huang Weimin , Zhao Bo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTContact and bending fatigue are the main failure modes in gears. In this study, we propose a finite element model to investigate the fatigue behavior of a double‐helical planetary gearbox based on the critical plane methods with a search algorithm to improve calculation efficiency. The finite element mesh is generated along the direction of the contact line to accurately capture contact stress. The time‐varying coefficient of friction between contact surfaces and the residual stress in the hardened layer are considered in the developed model. The effectiveness of the model is demonstrated by comparing the predicted fatigue life with measured data from experiments for a spur gear planetary train. It is concluded that the ability of the planet gear to resist contact fatigue dominates the service duration with fatigue cracks initiating nearly parallel to the surface. The surface hardness gradient is recommended to ensure reliable operation throughout its designed life.
Mechanisms and Damage‐Based Assessment of Time‐Dependent Fatigue Crack Propagation in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane
Authors: Cai Liang , Li Wei , Song Pilin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe time‐dependent fatigue crack propagation mechanisms of polymer electrolyte membrane are explored in conjunction with in‐situ experiments from both microscale and mesoscale. The results show that decreasing the loading frequency significantly increases the damage level at the crack front while also enhancing the near‐tip plasticity deformation. The plasticity‐induced micropores development and coalescence is considered as the dominant fatigue crack propagation mode. Then, a cyclic cohesive zone model considering the elastic–viscoplastic mechanical response of the bulk material is established, which further verified that more plasticity deformation is introduced near the crack tip at reduced loading frequency, thus imposing more damage accumulation to the crack tip. Besides, the established cyclic cohesive zone model is proved to be efficient in assessing fatigue crack propagation rate under distinct loading frequencies.
Migrant Farmworkers' Acceptability of Health Services in Spain: Barriers and Facilitators Identified by Professionals
Authors: van Selm Lena , Pérez‐Urdiales Iratxe , Úbeda‐Pavia Miquel , Tomás‐Mateos José , Jiménez‐Lasserrotte Maria del Mar , Pastor‐Bravo María del Mar , Requena‐Méndez Ana , Briones‐Vozmediano Erica 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeasonal migrant farmworkers (SMF) make up a significant part of Spain's agricultural labour force. Due to precarious labour conditions, housing insecurity and factors related to migration, SMF are at risk of specific health issues and occupational accidents. In addition, migrants in Spain face barriers when accessing healthcare services. This study explores factors that influence the acceptability of healthcare services among SMF in Spain from the point of view of professionals working with this population.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted among 92 professionals working with SMF in four regions of Spain, including NGO workers, healthcare workers, employees of worker unions, public social services and governmental institutions. A thematic content analysis was performed using Atlas.ti.ResultsProfessionals identified several barriers and facilitators that influence the acceptability of healthcare services among SMF. The main identified barriers were language, different perceptions of health and healthcare between SMF and Spanish professionals, a limited understanding of the Spanish healthcare system, and precarious working and living conditions. The main identified facilitators were professionals taking time to explain healthcare procedures and rights to SMF and support and information from friends, family and other community members.Discussion and ConclusionTo overcome barriers, the use of translational services and cultural mediators should be increased. In addition, educational interventions are needed for migrants to better understand the Spanish healthcare system and for healthcare workers to provide culturally appropriate care to migrant patients. Finally, it needs to be considered that inequalities in health and healthcare between SMF and the Spanish native‐born population reach beyond healthcare institutions. They are rooted in structural factors, which include their living and working conditions, social exclusion, and discrimination.Patient or Public ContributionAs this study, which is part of a bigger project, aimed to focus on healthcare access mainly from the healthcare system perspective, patients and service users were not involved in this part. Another sub‐study within the project will focus on the experience of SMF. Caregivers were included as study participants and despite not having been directly included in the study design, the open‐ended questions used in this study allowed them to bring up the topics they considered important in the context of this study.
Periodontitis Increases Gingival, Serum and Hippocampus β‐Amyloid Expressions but Reduces Neurovascular Coupling in Basilar Artery of Rats
Authors: Fu Earl , Huang Kuo‐Feng , Chang Hsi‐Hsien , Tseng Hui‐Hwa , Yang Stephen Shei‐Dei 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimNeurodegenerative diseases are characterized by early increased beta‐amyloid (Aβ) and decreased cerebrovascular reactivity. We investigated Aβ in gingiva, serum or hippocampus and neurovascular reactivity in basilar artery (BA) of periodontitis rats, to test the impact of Aβ on BA vasoreactivity ex vivo.Materials and MethodsPeriodontitis was induced in 32 rats using silk‐ligation. Rats were sacrificed at weeks 0, 1, 2 and 4. Gingival TNF‐α, IL‐1β and Aβ were quantified via immunoblotting. Alveolar bone destruction was examined by micro‐computed tomography. Serum and hippocampus Aβ values were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence staining, respectively. Vasoreactivity was measured by myography on isolated BA.ResultsFrom Week 1, gingival TNF‐α and IL‐1β and bone destruction increased. Gingiva, serum and hippocampus Aβ values increased from Week 2. Nicotine‐induced BA relaxation declined from Week 2, while acetylcholine‐induced relaxation decreased by Week 4. Bone loss correlated with Aβ and nicotine‐induced relaxation. Correlations were observed between Aβs in tissues, between two induced BA relaxations and between Aβ expressions and the induced relaxations. Ex vivo, Aβ reduced nicotine‐ and isoproterenol‐induced relaxations but not electrical stimulated relaxation.ConclusionsPeriodontitis may increase Aβ expressions and reduce BA neurovascular reactivity, with Aβ contributing to this abnormal neurovascular coupling.
Digital Analysis of Dentogingival Factors Influencing the Gingival Margin Position in the Esthetic Zone
Authors: Abdulkarim Hesham H. , Habet Bryan , Ahmadi Alexander G. , Wang Mary Ying‐Fang , Rosales Elio Reyes , Miley D. Douglas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between gingival thickness (GT) and buccal bone thickness (BBT), as well as the effects of GT, BBT, bone crest level (BC), and tooth position on the buccal gingival margin location of maxillary teeth in the esthetic zone.Materials and MethodsPeriodontally healthy subjects with prior cone beam computed tomography and intraoral scans for dental implant planning were included. The hard and soft tissue measurements were retrospectively analyzed digitally. Pearson's correlation and ANOVA were used to evaluate the correlations between clinical/anatomical crown height ratios (CCH/ACH), gingival and buccal bone thicknesses, and the distance between the CEJ and BC (CEJ‐BC).ResultsForty‐two subjects with 252 teeth were analyzed. A positive correlation was found between GT and BBT (p < 0.001). GT and BBT were negatively correlated with CCH/ACH (p = 0.006 and p = 0.004, respectively), while CCH/ACH showed a positive correlation with CEJ‐BC (p < 0.001).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of our study, we concluded that gingival and buccal bone thicknesses were positively correlated. A thicker gingival phenotype and higher coronal bone crest were linked to a more coronal gingival margin in the esthetic zone.