bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poor recognition and undertreatment of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease managed in primary care
Authors: Xu Yang , Evans Marie , Mazhar Faizan , Ärnlöv Johan , Cockburn Elinor , Barany Peter , Carrero Juan‐Jesus 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnemia is a common complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but limited awareness and treatment options may hinder its management among CKD patients followed in primary care.MethodsWe evaluated adults with CKD stages 3–5 attending primary care in Stockholm, Sweden, 2012–2018. We assessed the incidence of anemia, clinical reactions, and association with subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and death.ResultsWe identified 45,637 patients with CKD stages 3–5 free from anemia (mean age 78 years; 64% females; 79% CKD stage 3b). During a median follow‐up of 2.4 years, 26% of patients developed anemia, and 10.4% developed severe anemia (hemoglobin <10 g/dL). Within 6 months from the anemia event, iron tests were infrequent; ferritin and transferrin saturation were tested in 27% and 11% of anemia cases, respectively, and 49% and 24% of severe anemia cases. Few patients were recognized with a clinical diagnosis (15% of anemia cases; 68% of severe anemias). Only 19% of patients with anemia received treatment, primarily iron (10%) and blood transfusions (7%); erythropoietin‐stimulating agent use was anecdotal (∼1%). Treatment rates for severe anemia were higher, but 43% of patients still failed to receive treatment. Developing anemia was associated with a higher risk of MACE and death.ConclusionAnemia was common and associated with adverse outcomes among patients with CKD stages 3–5 managed in primary care. Iron stores were infrequently tested, and a large proportion of patients with anemia remained untreated/under‐recognized.
Syllable‐final /s/ as an index of language, gender, and ethnicity in a contact variety of Mexican Spanish
Authors: Welker Craig 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study of syllable‐final /s/ reduction in a 55‐speaker corpus of Spanish in Juchitán, México, a contact variety, uses both language contact and social processes to explain its results. Contact with the indigenous Isthmus Zapotec language leads to decreased rates of syllable‐final /s/ retention, creating a locally salient n+1‐order index between “Zapotecness” and /s/ reduction that influences the indexical field for syllable‐final /s/ reduction. Zapotec identity is associated with tradition and femininity. Therefore, in this new indexical field, syllable‐final /s/ reduction comes to directly index Zapotec language dominance and indirectly index both femininity and tradition. This leads feminine and elderly speakers to reduce /s/ more frequently than “less feminine” and young speakers, even though the opposite pattern is usually found in other varieties. The results show, therefore, that language contact can influence the indexical field typically linked to socially meaningful variation and thereby cause unexpected patterns of variation to emerge.
Neuromuscular junction denervation and terminal Schwann cell loss in the hTDP‐43 overexpression mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Alhindi Abrar , Shand Megan , Smith Hannah L. , Leite Ana S. , Huang Yu‐Ting , van der Hoorn Dinja , Ridgway Zara , Faller Kiterie M. E. , Jones Ross A. , Gillingwater Thomas H. , Chaytow Helena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with complex aetiology. Despite evidence of neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation and ‘dying‐back’ pathology in models of SOD1‐dependent ALS, evidence in other genetic forms of ALS is limited by a lack of suitable animal models. TDP‐43, a key mediator protein in ALS, is overexpressed in neurons in Thy1‐hTDP‐43WT mice. We therefore aimed to comprehensively analyse NMJ pathology in this model of ALS.MethodsExpression of TDP‐43 was assessed via western blotting. Immunohistochemistry techniques, alongside NMJ‐morph quantification, were used to analyse motor neuron number, NMJ denervation status and terminal Schwann cell morphology.ResultsWe present a time course of progressive, region‐specific motor neuron pathology in Thy1‐hTDP‐43WT mice. Thy1‐driven hTDP‐43 expression increased steadily, correlating with developing hindlimb motor weakness and associated motor neuron loss in the spinal cord with a median survival of 21 days. Pronounced NMJ denervation was observed in hindlimb muscles, mild denervation in cranial muscles but no evidence of denervation in either forelimb or trunk muscles. NMJ pathology was restricted to motor nerve terminals, with denervation following the same time course as motor neuron loss. Terminal Schwann cells were lost from NMJs in hindlimb muscles, directly correlating with denervation status.ConclusionsThy1‐hTDP‐43WT mice represent a severe model of ALS, with NMJ pathology/denervation of distal muscles and motor neuron loss, as observed in ALS patients. This model therefore provides an ideal platform to investigate mechanisms of dying‐back pathology, as well as NMJ‐targeting disease‐modifying therapies in ALS.
ACE2 expression and spike S1 protein‐mediated immune responses in oral mucosal cells
Authors: Akagi Misaki , Ohta Kouji , Fukada Shohei , Sakuma Miyuki , Naruse Takako , Nakagawa Takayuki , Ono Shigehiro , Nishi Hiromi , Shigeishi Hideo , Aikawa Tomonao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesACE2, known as a host receptor involved with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, binds to viral spike proteins for host cell entry. However, details regarding its induction and function in oral mucosal cells remain unknown.Materials and MethodsWe examined ACE2 expression and its induction by transfected mimic nucleotides and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in oral keratinocytes (RT7) and fibroblasts (GT1). Subsequently, the effects of viral spike S1 protein via ACE2 on CXCL10 expression induced by pro‐inflammatory cytokines in both cells were examined.ResultsACE2 was constitutively expressed in RT7 and GT1. Transfected Poly(I:C) and Poly(dA:dT) increased ACE2 expression in those cells, while knockdown of RIG‐I decreased ACE2 expression induced by those transfected ds nucleotides. IFN‐γ and TNF‐α enhanced transfected ds nucleotides‐induced ACE2 expression in RT7 but not GT1. S1 protein alone did not affect CXCL10 expression in either cell type, whereas it enhanced IFN‐β‐induced CXCL10 in both, while immune responses of IFN‐γ‐ and TNF‐α‐induced CXCL10 enhanced by S1 protein were different between RT7 and GT1. Finally, knockdown of ACE2 decreased cytokines and S1 protein mediated‐CXCL10 levels in both cells.ConclusionsACE2 in oral mucosal cells may contribute to development of infection and inflammation in cooperation with pro‐inflammatory cytokines following SARS‐CoV‐2 invasion.
Melatonin enhances KCl salinity tolerance by maintaining K+ homeostasis in Malus hupehensis
Authors: Sun Zhijuan , Li Jianyu , Guo Dianming , Wang Tianchao , Tian Yike , Ma Changqing , Liu Xiaoli , Wang Caihong , Zheng Xiaodong 
Published: July 2023

SummaryLarge amounts of potash fertilizer are often applied to apple (Malus domestica) orchards to enhance fruit quality and yields, but this treatment aggravates KCl‐based salinity stress. Melatonin (MT) is involved in a variety of abiotic stress responses in plants. However, its role in KCl stress tolerance is still unknown. In the present study, we determined that an appropriate concentration (100 μm) of MT significantly alleviated KCl stress in Malus hupehensis by enhancing K+ efflux out of cells and compartmentalizing K+ in vacuoles. Transcriptome deep‐sequencing analysis identified the core transcription factor gene MdWRKY53, whose expression responded to both KCl and MT treatment. Overexpressing MdWRKY53 enhanced KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants by increasing K+ efflux and K+ compartmentalization. Subsequently, we characterized the transporter genes MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 as downstream targets of MdWRKY53 by ChIP‐seq. MdGORK1 localized to the plasma membrane and enhanced K+ efflux to increase KCl tolerance in transgenic apple plants. Moreover, overexpressing MdNHX2 enhanced the KCl tolerance of transgenic apple plants/callus by compartmentalizing K+ into the vacuole. RT–qPCR and LUC activity analyses indicated that MdWRKY53 binds to the promoters of MdGORK1 and MdNHX2 and induces their transcription. Taken together, our findings reveal that the MT‐WRKY53‐GORK1/NHX2‐K+ module regulates K+ homeostasis to enhance KCl stress tolerance in apple. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanism of apple response to KCl‐based salinity stress and lay the foundation for the practical application of MT in salt stress.
Ursolic acid‐rich extract presents trypanocidal action in vitro but worsens mice under experimental acute Chagas disease
Authors: Daga Maiara A. , Nicolau Scheila T. , Jurumenha‐Barreto Juliana , Lima Lucas B. S. , Cabral Isaac L. , Pivotto Ana Paula , Stefanello Amanda , Amorim João P. A. , Hoscheid Jaqueline , Silva Edson A. , Ayala Thaís S. , Menolli Rafael A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChagas disease is a neglected tropical disease with only two drugs available for treatment and the plant Cecropia pachystachya has several compounds with antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate a supercritical extract from C. pachystachya leaves in vitro and in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi. A supercritical CO2 extraction was used to obtain the extract (CPE). Cytotoxicity and immunostimulation ability were evaluated in macrophages, and the in vitro trypanocidal activity was evaluated against epimastigotes and trypomastigotes forms. In vivo tests were done by infecting BALB/c mice with blood trypomastigotes forms and treating animals orally with CPE for 10 days. The parasitemia, survival rate, weight, cytokines and nitric oxide dosage were evaluated. CPE demonstrated an effect on the epi and trypomastigotes forms of the parasite (IC50 17.90 ± 1.2 μg/mL; LC50 26.73 ± 1.2 μg/mL) and no changes in macrophages viability, resulting in a selectivity index similar to the reference drug. CPE‐treated animals had a worsening compared to non‐treated, demonstrated by higher parasitemia and lower survival rate. This result was attributed to the anti‐inflammatory effect of CPE, demonstrated by the higher IL‐10 and IL‐4 values observed in the treated mice compared to the control ones. CPE demonstrated a trypanocidal effect in vitro and a worsening in the in vivo infection due to its anti‐inflammatory activity.
The Effect of Spherical Hybrid Silica–Molybdenum Disulfide on the Lubricating Characteristics of Castor Oil
Authors: Verma Gulshan , Harsha A. P. , Khatri O. P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This investigation demonstrates the effect of a structural hybrid of spherical silica and lamellar molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) combined to form a sphere used as an antifriction and antiwear additive in vegetable oil in steel-on-steel tribopair. Hybrids demonstrated improved dispersion stability due to the deposition of lightweight silica on the surface of hydrothermally prepared 2D sheets of MoS2. The concentration of nanohybrid was optimized for optimal lubricant performance, and the best region of test space is presented in this work. At the optimum concentration, the coefficient of friction (COF) was 0.03236, with an average wear volume of 2.16 × 10−12 m3. The synergism of the particles significantly reduces friction and wear. The collision of the hybrid spheres with the surface has an immediate effect on it. The broken sphere of wear debris was observed under scanning electron microscopy. The wear debris analysis indicates that the lubrication mechanism begins with the rolling of hybrid spheres and ends with the rolling and sliding of silica and MoS2.
The Relationship of Resilience, Self-Compassion, and Social Support to Psychological Distress in Women Collegiate Athletes During COVID-19
Authors: Mikesell Matthew , Petrie Trent A. , Chu Tsz Lun (Alan) , Moore E. Whitney G. 
Published: July 2023

Given how COVID-19 had caused significant increases in collegiate athletes’ psychological distress, we examined the extent to which such distress may have been ameliorated by the athletes’ psychosocial resources (e.g., resilience). We used structural equation modeling to examine the direct and indirect relationships of resilience, self-compassion, and social support to women collegiate athletes’ (N = 3,924; 81.2% White) psychological distress; athletes completed measures of these constructs from mid-April to mid-May 2020. Analyses revealed significant direct effects: More supported (β = −0.12 to −0.19), self-compassionate (β = −0.48 to −0.53), and resilient (β = −0.21 to −0.35) athletes experienced less psychological distress (R2 = .61–.65). Further, self-compassion and social support were related indirectly (and inversely) to psychological distress through higher levels of resilience. These psychosocial resources appear to have played a positive role in how athletes coped with the pandemic, being associated with less psychological distress. These findings have application beyond the pandemic, providing direction for how sport psychology professionals may assist athletes in maintaining their well-being.
Adenocarcinoma involving the urinary bladder
Authors: Wang Pule , Joiner Michael , Dzul Stephen , Miller Steven Raymond 
Published: July 2023

A man in his 70s previously diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the prostate, received external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy 11 years ago. Ten years later, he developed urinary symptoms and a cystoscopy identified a bladder neck tumour. A transurethral resection of a bladder tumour was performed, and pathology revealed a high-grade adenocarcinoma consistent with a colorectal primary. A colonoscopy was unremarkable, and imaging studies showed tumour involving the bladder and prostate. Tumour markers and a CARIS genomic prevalence score also favoured a colorectal cancer primary.The patient refused surgery and underwent chemoradiation with a combination of EBRT and brachytherapy with concurrent capecitabine. Imaging studies obtained 6 months after reirradiation revealed an enlarged left-sided mesorectal lymph node concerning for disease recurrence. The lymph node was treated with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy and his post-treatment imaging revealed a response to treatment with no other evidence of disease.
Workplace socioeconomic characteristics and coronary heart disease: a nationwide follow-up study
Authors: Forsberg Per-Ola , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesImportant gaps in previous research include a lack of studies on the association between socioeconomic characteristics of the workplace and coronary heart disease (CHD).We aimed to examine two contextual factors in association with individuals’ risk of CHD: the mean educational level of all employees at each individual’s workplace (educationwork) and the neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics of each individual’s workplace (neighbourhood SESwork).DesignNationwide follow-up/cohort study.SettingNationwide data from Sweden.ParticipantsAll individuals born in Sweden from 1943 to 1957 were included (n=1 547 818). We excluded individuals with a CHD diagnosis prior to 2008 (n=67 619), individuals without workplace information (n=576 663), individuals lacking residential address (n=4139) and individuals who had unknown parents (n=7076). A total of 892 321 individuals were thus included in the study (426 440 men and 465 881 women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome variable was incident CHD during follow-up between 2008 and 2012. The association between educationworkand neighbourhood SESworkand the outcome was explored using multilevel and cross-classified logistic regression models to determine ORs and 95% CIs, with individuals nested within workplaces and neighbourhoods. All models were conducted in both men and women and were adjusted for age, income, marital status, educational attainment and neighbourhood SESresidence.ResultsLow (vs high) educationworkwas significantly associated with increased CHD incidence for both men (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.34) and women (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.47) and remained significant after adjusting for potential confounders. These findings were not replicable for the variable neighbourhood SESwork.ConclusionsWorkplace socioeconomic characteristics, that is, the educational attainment of an individual’s colleagues, may influence CHD risk, which represents new knowledge relevant to occupational health management at workplaces.
Clinical course and outcomes in adults with co-occurring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and hypertension: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Arabadjian Milla , Nicolas Barnaby , Montgomery Sophie , Pleasure Mitchell , Collins Maxine , Reuter Maria , Massera Daniele , Shimbo Daichi , Sherrid Mark 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionHypertension affects 40%–60% of adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common inherited cardiac condition. It can be a diagnostic confounder for HCM, contributing to delayed diagnosis. Clinically, treatment of co-occurring hypertension and HCM poses challenges as first-line and second-line antihypertensive medications are often contraindicated in HCM. The clinical course in adults with hypertension and HCM is also not well understood, and studies examining patient outcomes in this population are equivocal. In this paper, we aim to outline the protocol of a scoping review, a type of literature review, to systematically synthesise existing knowledge on adults with co-occurring HCM and hypertension, highlighting knowledge and evidence gaps, and identifying future research directions to optimise outcomes in this population.Methods and analysisThis review is guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s conceptual framework on conducting scoping reviews. We will search five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science) and reference lists of publications to identify eligible articles focusing on medical therapy, clinical course or outcomes in adults with HCM and hypertension, between 2011 and 2023. Our search strategy and presentation of results will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review guideline. First, two independent reviewers will screen articles, by title and abstract, followed by a full-text screen to identify eligible articles. Relevant data will be extracted and synthesised.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review as it is a secondary data collection of published articles and does not involve human subject participation. We will present results of this review at relevant professional conferences and patient-centred educational events. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberhttps://osf.io/cy8qb/?view_only=98197f4850584e51807ff9b62533a706.
Mental health problems in elite sport: the difference in the distribution of mental distress and mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes
Authors: Oevreboe Tom Henning , Ivarsson Andreas , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo , Reneflot Anne , Pensgaard Anne Marte 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTo, based on diagnostic interviews, investigate the distribution of mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes with ‘at-risk scores’ on a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of mental health problems. Then, to investigate the relationship between ‘at-risk scores’ and diagnosed mental disorders.MethodsA two-phase, cross-sectional design was used. In phase 1, 378 elite athletes completed a questionnaire, including validated self-report psychiatric instruments assessing symptoms of mental disorders. In phase 2, we assessed the 30-day presence of the same disorders through diagnostic interviews with the athletes with ‘at-risk scores’ using the fifth version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty athletes (74.1%) had an ‘at-risk score,’ and 106 of these athletes (37.9%) completed diagnostic interviews. Forty-seven athletes (44.3%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Sleep problems (24.5%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD-related disorders (18.9%), mainly represented by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), were most common. Anxiety disorders (6.6%), eating disorders (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (≤4.7%) were less frequent. Affective disorders, gambling and drug use disorder were not present. Results from self-report questionnaires did not, in most cases, adequately mirror the number of mental disorders identified using diagnostic interviews.ConclusionsUsing self-report questionnaires to map mental distress among elite athletes can be beneficial. If the aim, however, is to investigate mental disorders, one should move beyond self-report questionnaires and use diagnostic interviews and diagnostic instruments. In our study, sleep problems and BDD were the most prevalent. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these findings further.
Sedation practices in palliative care services across France: a nationwide point-prevalence analysis
Authors: Frasca Matthieu , Jonveaux Thérèse , Lhuaire Quentin , Bidegain-Sabas Adèle , Chanteclair Alex , Francis-Oliviero Florence , Burucoa Benoît 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesTerminally ill patients may require sedation to relieve refractory suffering. The prevalence and modalities of this practice in palliative care services remain unclear. This study estimated the prevalence of all sedation leading to a deep unconsciousness, whether transitory, with an undetermined duration, or maintained until death, for terminally ill patients referred to a home-based or hospital-based palliative care service.MethodsWe conducted a national, multicentre, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study. In total, 331 centres participated, including academic/non-academic and public/private institutions. The participating institutions provided hospital-based or home-based palliative care for 5714 terminally ill patients during the study.ResultsIn total, 156 patients received sedation (prevalence of 2.7%; 95% CI, 2.3 to 3.2); these patients were equally distributed between ‘transitory’, ‘undetermined duration’ and ‘maintained until death’ sedation types. The prevalence was 0.7% at home and 8.0% in palliative care units. The median age of the patients was 70 years (Q1–Q3: 61–83 years); 51% were women and 78.8% had cancers. Almost all sedation events occurred at a hospital (90.4%), mostly in specialised beds (74.4%). In total, 39.1% of patients were unable to provide consent; only two had written advance directives. A collegial procedure was implemented in 80.4% of sedations intended to be maintained until death. Midazolam was widely used (85.9%), regardless of the sedation type.ConclusionsThis nationwide study provides insight into sedation practices in palliative care institutions. We found a low prevalence for all practices, with the highest prevalence among most reinforced palliative care providers, and an equal frequency of all practices.