bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barley shows reduced Fusarium head blight under drought and modular expression of differentially expressed genes under combined stress
Authors: Hoheneder Felix , Steidele Christina E , Messerer Maxim , Mayer Klaus F X , Köhler Nikolai , Wurmser Christine , Heß Michael , Gigl Michael , Dawid Corinna , Stam Remco , Hückelhoven Ralph 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Plants often face simultaneous abiotic and biotic stress conditions; however, physiological and transcriptional responses under such combined stress conditions are still not fully understood. Spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) is susceptible to Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is strongly affected by weather conditions. We therefore studied the potential influence of drought on FHB severity and plant responses in three varieties of different susceptibility. We found strongly reduced FHB severity in susceptible varieties under drought. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and strength of transcriptomic regulation reflected the concentrations of physiological stress markers such as abscisic acid or fungal DNA contents. Infection-related gene expression was associated with susceptibility rather than resistance. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed 18 modules of co-expressed genes that reflected the pathogen- or drought-response in the three varieties. A generally infection-related module contained co-expressed genes for defence, programmed cell death, and mycotoxin detoxification, indicating that the diverse genotypes used a similar defence strategy towards FHB, albeit with different degrees of success. Further, DEGs showed co-expression in drought- or genotype-associated modules that correlated with measured phytohormones or the osmolyte proline. The combination of drought stress with infection led to the highest numbers of DEGs and resulted in a modular composition of the single-stress responses rather than a specific transcriptional output.
Emulating radiative transfer with artificial neural networks
Authors: Sethuram Snigdaa S , Cochrane Rachel K , Hayward Christopher C , Acquaviva Viviana , Villaescusa-Navarro Francisco , Popping Gergö , Wise John H 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Forward-modeling observables from galaxy simulations enables direct comparisons between theory and observations. To generate synthetic spectral energy distributions (SEDs) that include dust absorption, re-emission, and scattering, Monte Carlo radiative transfer is often used in post-processing on a galaxy-by-galaxy basis. However, this is computationally expensive, especially if one wants to make predictions for suites of many cosmological simulations. To alleviate this computational burden, we have developed a radiative transfer emulator using an artificial neural network (ANN), ANNgelina, that can reliably predict SEDs of simulated galaxies using a small number of integrated properties of the simulated galaxies: star formation rate, stellar and dust masses, and mass-weighted metallicities of all star particles and of only star particles with age &lt;10 Myr. Here, we present the methodology and quantify the accuracy of the predictions. We train the ANN on SEDs computed for galaxies from the IllustrisTNG project’s TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation. ANNgelina is able to predict the SEDs of TNG50 galaxies in the ultraviolet (UV) to millimetre regime with a typical median absolute error of ∼7 per cent. The prediction error is the greatest in the UV, possibly due to the viewing-angle dependence being greatest in this wavelength regime. Our results demonstrate that our ANN-based emulator is a promising computationally inexpensive alternative for forward-modeling galaxy SEDs from cosmological simulations.
Measuring the photoionization rate, neutral fraction, and mean free path of H i ionizing photons at 4.9 ≤ z ≤ 6.0 from a large sample of XShooter and ESI spectra
Authors: Gaikwad Prakash , Haehnelt Martin G , Davies Fredrick B , Bosman Sarah E I , Molaro Margherita , Kulkarni Girish , D’Odorico Valentina , Becker George D , Davies Rebecca L , Nasir Fahad , Bolton James S , Keating Laura C , Iršič Vid , Puchwein Ewald , Zhu Yongda , Asthana Shikhar , Yang Jinyi , Lai Samuel , Eilers Anna-Christina 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We measure the mean free path ($\lambda _{\rm mfp,H\, \small {I}}$), photoionization rate ($\langle \Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}} \rangle$), and neutral fraction ($\langle f_{\rm H\, \small {I}} \rangle$) of hydrogen in 12 redshift bins at 4.85 &lt; z &lt; 6.05 from a large sample of moderate resolution XShooter and ESI QSO absorption spectra. The fluctuations in ionizing radiation field are modelled by post-processing simulations from the Sherwood suite using our new code ‘EXtended reionization based on the Code for Ionization and Temperature Evolution’ (ex-cite). ex-cite uses efficient Octree summation for computing intergalactic medium attenuation and can generate large number of high resolution $\Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}}$ fluctuation models. Our simulation with ex-cite shows remarkable agreement with simulations performed with the radiative transfer code Aton and can recover the simulated parameters within 1σ uncertainty. We measure the three parameters by forward-modelling the  Lyα forest and comparing the effective optical depth ($\tau _{\rm eff, H\, \small {I}}$) distribution in simulations and observations. The final uncertainties in our measured parameters account for the uncertainties due to thermal parameters, modelling parameters, observational systematics, and cosmic variance. Our best-fitting parameters show significant evolution with redshift such that $\lambda _{\rm mfp,H\, \small {I}}$ and $\langle f_{\rm H\, \small {I}} \rangle$ decreases and increases by a factor ∼6 and ∼104, respectively from z ∼ 5 to z ∼ 6. By comparing our $\lambda _{\rm mfp,H\, \small {I}}$, $\langle \Gamma _{\rm H\, \small {I}} \rangle$ and $\langle f_{\rm H\, \small {I}} \rangle$ evolution with that in state-of-the-art Aton radiative transfer simulations and the Thesan and CoDa-III simulations, we find that our best-fitting parameter evolution is consistent with a model in which reionization completes by z ∼ 5.2. Our best-fitting model that matches the $\tau _{\rm eff, H\, \small {I}}$ distribution also reproduces the dark gap length distribution and transmission spike height distribution suggesting robustness and accuracy of our measured parameters.
Lopsidedness as a tracer of early galactic assembly history
Authors: Dolfi Arianna , Gómez Facundo A , Monachesi Antonela , Varela-Lavin Silvio , Tissera Patricia B , Sifón Cristóbal , Galaz Gaspar 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Large-scale asymmetries (i.e. lopsidedness) are a common feature in the stellar density distribution of nearby disc galaxies both in low- and high-density environments. In this work, we characterize the present-day lopsidedness in a sample of 1435 disc-like galaxies selected from the TNG50 simulation. We find that the percentage of lopsided galaxies (10 per cent–30 per cent) is in good agreement with observations if we use similar radial ranges to the observations. However, the percentage (58 per cent) significantly increases if we extend our measurement to larger radii. We find a mild or lack of correlation between lopsidedness amplitude and environment at z = 0 and a strong correlation between lopsidedness and galaxy morphology regardless of the environment. Present-day galaxies with more extended discs, flatter inner galactic regions, and lower central stellar mass density (i.e. late-type disc galaxies) are typically more lopsided than galaxies with smaller discs, rounder inner galactic regions, and higher central stellar mass density (i.e. early-type disc galaxies). Interestingly, we find that lopsided galaxies have, on average, a very distinct star formation history within the last $10\, \mathrm{Gyr}$, with respect to their symmetric counterparts. Symmetric galaxies have typically assembled at early times (∼8–$6\, \mathrm{Gyr}$ ago) with relatively short and intense bursts of central star formation, while lopsided galaxies have assembled on longer time-scales and with milder initial bursts of star formation, continuing building up their mass until z = 0. Overall, these results indicate that lopsidedness in present-day disc galaxies is connected to the specific evolutionary histories of the galaxies that shaped their distinct internal properties.
Coping Strategies and Associated Symptom Burden Among Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Dev Rony , Agosta Monica , Fellman Bryan , Reddy Akhila , Baldwin Sarah , Arthur Joseph , Haider Ali , Carmack Cindy , Hui David , Bruera Eduardo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Few studies examine how patients with advanced cancer cope with stress. The objective of our study was to evaluate coping strategies adopted by patients with cancer and their relationship with symptom burden.

Methods
A secondary data analysis of a prospective cross-sectional survey of patients with cancer and tobacco use was conducted, which examined demographics, symptom burden (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System), and coping strategies (the Brief COPE Questionnaire). Demographic characteristics were summarized by standard summary statistics; we also examined associations between patient characteristics and coping strategies using t-test, rank-sum test, chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test depending on the distribution of data.

Results
Among 399 patients, the majority were female (60%), Caucasian (70%), the mean age was 56.5 (±12.0) years, and the most common malignancies were gastrointestinal (21%) and breast (19%). Patients with cancer adopted multiple adaptive coping strategies, most frequently acceptance (86.7%) and emotional support (79.9%), with humor (18.5%) being the least. Common maladaptive strategies included venting (14.5%) and self-distraction (36.6%), while substance use (1.0%) was infrequently reported. Of the adaptive strategies, female gender was significantly associated with higher engagement with emotional and instrumental support, positive reframing, religious coping, and acceptance (P &lt; .05 for all). College educated patients reported significantly higher implementation of humor, planning, and acceptance. Maladaptive coping strategies such as denial were associated with increased pain and depression, while patients adopting emotional-focused strategies rated decreased emotional distress.

Conclusions
The majority of patients with advanced cancer reported adopting multiple, adaptive coping strategies, and a minority utilized maladaptive or avoidant strategies, rarely substance use, and may need additional psychological support.
Large vessel involvement in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis
Authors: Kaymakci Mahmut S , Elfishawi Mohanad M , Langenfeld Hannah E , Hanson Andrew C , Crowson Cynthia S , Bois Melanie C , Ghaffar Umar , Koster Matthew J , Specks Ulrich , Warrington Kenneth J 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objectives
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is currently categorized under the small vessel vasculitides. There is limited knowledge about large vessel involvement in AAV (L-AAV), mainly described in case reports and small series. L-AAV can involve temporal arteries (TA-AAV), aorta (A-AAV), and periaortic soft tissue (PA-AAV). We sought to characterize the features of patients with L-AAV.

Methods
Patients older than 18 years at diagnosis of TA-AAV, A-AAV and PA-AAV seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021 were identified through a proprietary medical text search algorithm. Patients were included if diagnosed with L-AAV, fulfilled 2022 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for GPA, MPA or EGPA, had positive ANCA test results, and had more than one outpatient or inpatient visit.

Results
The study cohort consists of 36 patients with L-AAV. Of those, 23 had p-ANCA and/or MPO-ANCA, and 13 had c-ANCA and/or PR3-ANCA. Mean (s.d.) age at AAV diagnosis was 63.4 (12.79) years; 20 (56%) were male. Seventeen patients had TA-AAV, 10 had A-AAV and 9 had PA-AAV. Most patients (n = 25, 69%) were diagnosed with large vessel vasculitis and AAV within a 1-year timespan. Twenty-five (69%) patients had histopathological confirmation of AAV diagnosis in a location other than temporal artery, aorta or periaortic soft tissue. Glucocorticoids (36/36), rituximab (19/36) and methotrexate (18/36) were the most frequent treatments.

Conclusion
This is the largest single-centre cohort of patients with L-AAV to date. AAV can involve large arteries, albeit infrequent. AAV-targeted therapy should be considered in patients with L-AAV.
A Heterolepidoderma and Halichaetoderma gen. nov. (Gastrotricha: Chaetonotidae) riddle: integrative taxonomy and phylogeny of six new freshwater species from Central Europe
Authors: Rataj Križanová Františka , Vďačný Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Heterolepidoderma is a widely distributed gastrotrich genus encompassing 22 freshwater and 15 marine species. In the present study, two new Heterolepidoderma and four new Heterolepidoderma-like species were discovered in the inland waters of Central Europe. Although Heterolepidoderma-like species exhibited all the morphological features typical of Heterolepidoderma, both nuclear and mitochondrial genes robustly showed their sister-group relationship to the marine genus Halichaetonotus. Most Heterolepidoderma species, including the new ones, were grouped with some Chaetonotus and Ichthydium species in a strongly supported cluster (so-called Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade). Since statistical tree topology tests robustly refuted the close affinity of Heterolepidoderma-like species to the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade, a new genus, Halichaetoderma gen. nov., was proposed for them. Stochastic mapping suggested that the last common ancestor (LCA) of the Chaetonotidae‒Neogosseidae‒Dasydytidae clade had scales carrying keels with spines. Scales became oblong in the LCA of the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus clade and three times independently within the Heterolepidoderma s.l. clade. Spines were lost in the LCAs of the Halichaetoderma + Halichaetonotus and Heterolepidoderma s.l. clades convergently. State-by-state associations of cuticular characters suggested that particular scale morphologies tend to be correlated with particular numbers of keels and the presence/absence of spines during the chaetonotid phylogeny.
Treating rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Korol Ihor , Baumeister Robin H. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects about 1% of the world's population and can lead to loss of joint function, reduced mobility, and permanent damage to cartilage and bone. Treatment options for RA primarily include disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate, but the development of new drugs has complicated treatment decisions. Weighing treatment options for patients with RA largely depends on three major factors: efficacy, adverse reaction profile, and cost. A review of the literature supports methotrexate monotherapy as the current best-practice model for treating RA, compared with combination therapy of methotrexate and/or other DMARDs.
Recognizing and treating patients with Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Windheuser Ashley , Gardner Nathan 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
This article reviews the cause, presentation, diagnosis, and management of Ewing sarcoma, the second most common primary bone malignancy in children and young adults. Recent research has provided advances in understanding the cause of Ewing sarcoma as well as improved treatment regimens. However, much is still unknown and additional research is needed to continue to improve the overall prognosis, which ranges from 70% to 80% 5-year survival for patients with localized disease. Improving clinician knowledge about Ewing sarcoma will help shorten time to diagnosis and improve survival rates.
PAs in Poland
Authors: Fron Karol , Waszak Jacek , Chrapek Marcin , Bareja Sylwia 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
After many years of consultations with the international physician assistant (PA) community and a successful pilot program, in November 2021, the Polish Ministry of Health approved a specialty training program for surgical PAs. The inaugural class began studies in July 2022. This article details the circumstances and the process that led to the creation of this new program.
Should all asthma patients be switched to single maintenance and reliever therapy?
Authors: Smicherko Gabriela , Albright Amanda , Nguyen Kimmy 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Recent data indicate that overuse of short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) results in an increased risk of asthma exacerbations and mortality. The use of inhaled corticosteroid-formoterol as both maintenance and reliever therapy has become a preferred regimen for asthma management. Clinicians should be aware of the pharmacology, dosing, and prescribing considerations regarding the use of budesonide-formoterol as the available combination in the United States.
Evaluation and management of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Wirth Jessica M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is an uncommon but complex eating disorder characterized by extreme picky eating without poor body image or fear of weight gain. Intake is limited by volume or variety of food, driven by fear of adverse consequences associated with ingestion, sensory sensitivities to food properties, or a lack of interest in eating. Avoidance or restriction of food intake can lead to low body weight or failure to thrive, nutritional deficiencies, reliance on enteral feeding, and psychosocial impairment. The presentation of ARFID varies depending on severity, variety, and volume of diet; therefore, medical evaluation should be comprehensive, should be tailored to patient needs, and should include screening for commonly co-occurring psychiatric conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy and/or family-based therapy, in conjunction with pharmacotherapy and/or hospital refeeding, have demonstrated therapeutic benefit. Available literature is sparse and largely limited to children and adolescents. Additional studies are needed to evaluate therapeutic interventions, medical follow-up, and prognosis.
Serum uric acid and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liao Wenqiang , Wang Yuxiang , Zhang Wenpeng 
Published: September 2023

Background
A meta-analysis was performed in this study to evaluate the association between serum uric acid and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Relevant observational studies observing the relationship between uric acid and the incidence of CRC were obtained by the search of electronic databases, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. A randomized-effects model was selected to pool the data by incorporating the influence of potential heterogeneity.

Results
Eight observational studies involving 1,226,379 adults were included. During a mean follow-up duration of 12.8 years, CRC was developed in 12349 (1.0%) participants. Pooled results showed that compared to those with the lowest category of serum uric acid at baseline, participants with the highest category of serum uric acid had an increased incidence of CRC during follow-up [risk ratio (RR), 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–1.42; P < 0.001; I
2 = 0%]. Sensitivity analysis limited to prospective cohort studies retrieved similar results (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.19–1.47; P < 0.001; I
2 = 0%). Subgroup analyses showed consistent results in men and women, in estimates of the incidence of colon cancer and rectal cancer and in studies with different follow-up durations and quality scores (P for subgroup differences all > 0.05).

Conclusion
Although the cutoff for defining a high uric acid varied among the included studies, results of the meta-analysis suggest that a high serum uric acid may be associated with an increased risk of CRC in an adult population.
Association of radiotherapy for stage I–III breast cancer survivors and second primary malignant cancers: a population-based study
Authors: Shi Jin , Liu Jian , Tian Guo , Li Daojuan , Liang Di , Wang Jun , He Yutong 
Published: September 2023

Purpose:
With life span extending, breast cancer survivors may face the possibility of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). The objective of this research is to investigate the risk factors, risk attribute to radiotherapy and the survivalship for SPCs.

Methods:
A total of 445 523 breast cancer patients were enrolled from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database in 2000–2018. The risk factors for SPCs development were confirmed by competing risk model, and then were integrated to the nomogram establishment. The cumulative incidence of SPCs including SBC (second breast cancer), SGC (second gynecological cancer), and SLC (second lung cancer) were estimated. The radiotherapy-associated risk for SPCs were evaluated by Poisson regression in radiotherapy and no-radiotherapy. Propensity score matching was used to reduce possible bias for survival comparison.

Results:
There were 57.63% patients in radiotherapy. The risk factors for developing SPCs were age, year, race, tumor size, stage, radiotherapy, grade, surgery, and histology. The cumulative incidence of SPCs was 7.75% in no-radiotherapy and 10.33% in radiotherapy. SLC, SBC, and SGC also appeared the similar results. The increased risk of developing SPCs were associated with radiotherapy in majority subgroups. The dynamic radiotherapy-associated risk for SPCs by age slightly increased risk was observed. Regardless radiotherapy or no-radiotherapy, the 10-year overall survival for SBC (radiotherapy: 59.41%; no-radiotherapy: 55.53%) and SGC (radiotherapy: 48.61%; no-radiotherapy: 35.53%) were worse than that among matched patients with only primary cancers.

Conclusions:
Breast cancer survivors remained a high radiotherapy-associated risk for developing SPCs. The prognosis in radiotherapy was better than in no-radiotherapy for some specific SPCs. Largely attention should be paid to these patients.
Vitamin B12 deficiency after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer, prevalence, and symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bahardoust Mansour , Mousavi Safa , Ziafati Hassan , Alipour Homan , Haghmoradi Meisam , Olamaeian Faranak , Tayebi Ali , Tizmaghz Adnan 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Nutrient deficiency is one of the common complications in patients who undergo gastrectomy, especially those vitamins and minerals absorbed in the stomach or by substances in the gastric juice, such as vitamin B12. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted for the first time to investigate the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and its symptoms in gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent gastrectomy.

Method
PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched to find related studies. After screening, studies were selected based on the abstract and title of related studies. The heterogeneity and inconsistency between studies were evaluated using Cochran’s Q, I2 tests. Egger’s test analyzed publication bias for studies. A 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to estimate the overall prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency.

Results
Fourteen studies, including 2627 GC patients who underwent surgery, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients in this study was 61.2 ± 4.93 years. The pooled estimate of meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency after gastrectomy in patients with GC was 48.8% (95% CI:32.4, 65.2%, I2: 98.85, τ2 = 0.05, Q (13) = 1127.8, P < 0.001). The most important symptoms were anemia, fatigability, cold feet or legs, numbness, and dizziness.

Conclusion and recommendation
Vitamin B12 deficiency has a high prevalence among patients who have undergone gastrectomy, and it is necessary to pay enough attention to treating these patients after surgery to prevent its complications.