bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and external validation of the multichannel deep learning model based on unenhanced CT for differentiating fat-poor angiomyolipoma from renal cell carcinoma: a two-center retrospective study
Authors: Yao Haohua , Tian Li , Liu Xi , Li Shurong , Chen Yuhang , Cao Jiazheng , Zhang Zhiling , Chen Zhenhua , Feng Zihao , Xu Quanhui , Zhu Jiangquan , Wang Yinghan , Guo Yan , Chen Wei , Li Caixia , Li Peixing , Wang Huanjun , Luo Junhang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There are undetectable levels of fat in fat-poor angiomyolipoma. Thus, it is often misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma. We aimed to develop and evaluate a multichannel deep learning model for differentiating fat-poor angiomyolipoma (fp-AML) from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods
This two-center retrospective study included 320 patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (FAHSYSU) and 132 patients from the Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC). Data from patients at FAHSYSU were divided into a development dataset (n = 267) and a hold-out dataset (n = 53). The development dataset was used to obtain the optimal combination of CT modality and input channel. The hold-out dataset and SYSUCC dataset were used for independent internal and external validation, respectively.

Results
In the development phase, models trained on unenhanced CT images performed significantly better than those trained on enhanced CT images based on the fivefold cross-validation. The best patient-level performance, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.951 ± 0.026 (mean ± SD), was achieved using the “unenhanced CT and 7-channel” model, which was finally selected as the optimal model. In the independent internal and external validation, AUCs of 0.966 (95% CI 0.919–1.000) and 0.898 (95% CI 0.824–0.972), respectively, were obtained using the optimal model. In addition, the performance of this model was better on large tumors (≥ 40 mm) in both internal and external validation.

Conclusion
The promising results suggest that our multichannel deep learning classifier based on unenhanced whole-tumor CT images is a highly useful tool for differentiating fp-AML from RCC.
No evidence for fixation of mesh in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Riemenschneider K. A. , Lund H. , Pommergaard H. C. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the differences in hernia recurrence and chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) in randomized, controlled trials comparing fixation and non-fixation of the mesh in laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) inguinal hernia repair.

Methods
A multi-database systematic search was conducted for randomized, controlled trials comparing fixation versus non-fixation of the mesh in TAPP inguinal hernia repair. All eligible papers were assessed for risk of bias using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. Meta-analyses were performed regarding recurrence and CPIP using RevMan.

Results
Seven prospective, randomized controlled trials were included. Laparoscopic TAPP inguinal hernia repair was performed in 1732 patients with 737 procedures performed without fixation and 995 procedures with fixation of the mesh. Despite all trials being RCTs, the trials were limited by substantial bias and the quality of evidence was low regarding hernia recurrence and very low regarding CPIP. Pooled estimates from meta-analyses were an OR of 2.80 (95% CI 0.61–12.77) for hernia recurrence and a mean difference in visual analogue scale (VAS) of 0.17 (95% CI 0.90–1.24) for CPIP, respectively.

Conclusion
The current evidence is very uncertain and mesh fixation may have little to no effect regarding hernia recurrence and chronic postoperative inguinal pain in patients operated with TAPP inguinal hernia repair.
Headline-Driven Classification and Local Interpretation for Market Outperformance and Low-Risk Stock Prediction
Authors: Karzanov Daniil 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFinancial news is one of the most influential sources for making long-term investment decisions. The goal of this paper is to learn whether it is possible, based on texts from news headlines, to select stocks with low forecasted volatility which outrun the market represented by the Standard and Poor’s 500 Index. We solve several binary classification problems using a range of machine learning and deep learning principles. The best classifiers are interpreted with a model-agnostic technique, LIME, to extract key words having the greatest impact on the probabilities of market outrun and low volatility.
Viability and Filippov-type Lemma for Stieltjes Differential Inclusions
Authors: Satco Bianca , Smyrlis George 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe prove a viability result for differential inclusions involving the Stieltjes derivative with respect to a left-continuous non-decreasing function with time dependent state constraints. A tangential condition using a generalized notion of the contingent derivative is imposed. Classical viability results (for usual differential inclusions) are thus generalized and, at the same time, the gate to new viability results for difference inclusions, impulsive differential inclusions or dynamic inclusions on time scales is open. As a consequence, in the particular case where the state constraint is a tube, a Filippov-type lemma is obtained for this very general setting, of differential problems driven by Stieltjes derivatives.
Moving ego versus moving time: investigating the shared source of future-bias and near-bias
Authors: Baron Sam , Everett Brigitte C. , Latham Andrew J. , Miller Kristie , Tierney Hannah , Oh Jordan Veng Thang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIt has been hypothesized that our believing that, or its seeming to us as though, the world is in some way dynamical partially explains (and perhaps rationalizes) future-bias. Recent work has, in turn, found a correlation between future-bias and near-bias, suggesting that there is a common explanation for both. Call the claim that what partially explains our being both future- and near-biased is our believing/it seeming to us as though the world is dynamical, the dynamical explanation. We empirically test two versions of the dynamical explanation. The first is the moving ego explanation—according to which it is our belief that the ego moves, or our phenomenology as of the ego moving, that jointly (partially) explains future- and near-bias. The second is the moving time explanation—according to which it is our belief that time robustly passes, or our phenomenology as of robust passage, which jointly (partially) explain future- and near-bias. We found no evidence in favour of either explanation.
Brittle virtue or bust: a new challenge to virtue-as-skill theories
Authors: Kilov Daniel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBuoyed by research in philosophy and moral psychology, virtue ethics has become increasingly influential in the literature. This renewed attention has also led to the development of the situationist challenge: empirical studies undermine the idea that we possess character traits that allow us to act virtuously across contexts. A promising reply to the situationist challenge is that we should not conceive of virtues as traits. Instead, we should conceive of them as expert skills. Here, I raise a new challenge for those who go in for the (s)kill against situationism. Expert skills are brittle, rather than flexible or robust. They typically develop in narrow ways and can falter in novel situations. Experts also sometimes perform worse than novices in novel situations. Such findings present a problem for the virtue-as-skill thesis. Someone who will help others only in narrow contexts or who causes more harm than good does not exemplify virtue. The brittleness of expert skills means that virtue theorists must either (a) abandon the idea that virtues explain behaviour across contexts or (b) abandon the idea that virtues are expert skills. It’s brittle virtue or bust – you can’t teach an old dogma new skills.
Emission accounting and drivers in Central Asian countries
Authors: Zhao Congyu , Liu Binyuan , Wang Jieyu , Xue Rui , Shan Yuli , Cui Can , Dong Xiucheng , Dong Kangyin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmerging countries are at the frontier of climate change actions, and carbon emissions accounting provides a quantifiable measure of the environmental impact of economic activities, which allows for comparisons of emissions across different entities. However, currently there is no study covering detailed emissions inventories for emerging countries in Central Asian. This paper compiles detailed and accurate carbon emissions inventories in several Central Asian countries (i.e., Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Palestine, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) during the period 2010–2020. Using the IPCC administrative territorial approach, we for the first time compile their emissions inventories in 47 economic sectors and five energy categories. Moreover, we also investigate decoupling status based on Tapio decoupling model and examine emissions driving factors based on the index decomposition analysis method. The primary results illustrate that carbon emissions in Central Asian countries are increasing with huge differences. Decoupling results highlight that most of the sample countries still need more effort to decouple the economy and emissions except that Pakistan achieves an ideal strong decoupling state. The results of the decomposition indicate that the economy and population both raise emissions, while energy intensity and carbon intensity are negative drivers in some countries. We propose practical policy implications for decarbonization and energy transition roadmap in Central Asian countries.
Canonical systems whose Weyl coefficients have dominating real part
Authors: Langer Matthias , Pruckner Raphael , Woracek Harald 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor a two-dimensional canonical system y′ (t) = zJH(t)y(t) on the half-line (0, ∞) whose Hamiltonian H is a.e. positive semi-definite, denote by qH its Weyl coefficient. De Branges’ inverse spectral theorem states that the assignment H ↦ qH is a bijection between Hamiltonians (suitably normalised) and Nevanlinna functions.The main result of the paper is a criterion when the singular integral of the spectral measure, i.e. Re qH(iy), dominates its Poisson integral Im qH(iy) for y → +∞. Two equivalent conditions characterising this situation are provided. The first one is analytic in nature, very simple, and explicit in terms of the primitive M of H. It merely depends on the relative size of the off-diagonal entries of M compared with the diagonal entries. The second condition is of geometric nature and technically more complicated. It involves the relative size of the off-diagonal entries of H, a measurement for oscillations of the diagonal of H, and a condition on the speed and smoothness of the rotation of H.
Uniqueness theorems for weighted harmonic functions in the upper half-plane
Authors: Olofsson Anders , Wittsten Jens 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider a class of weighted harmonic functions in the open upper half-plane known as α-harmonic functions. Of particular interest is the uniqueness problem for such functions subject to a vanishing Dirichlet boundary value on the real line and an appropriate vanishing condition at infinity. We find that the non-classical case (α ≠ 0) allows for a considerably more relaxed vanishing condition at infinity compared to the classical case (α = 0) of usual harmonic functions in the upper half-plane. The reason behind this dichotomy is different geometry of zero sets of certain polynomials naturally derived from the classical binomial series. These findings shed new light on the theory of harmonic functions, for which we provide sharp uniqueness results under vanishing conditions at infinity along geodesics or along rays emanating from the origin.
Exploring Challenges and Lessons for Monitoring Forest Landscape Restoration
Authors: Mansourian Stephanie , Stephenson P. J. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Forest landscape restoration (FLR) is an approach to restoring forest ecosystems first defined in 2000 that has gained prominence since the launch of the Bonn Challenge in 2011. FLR aims to enhance ecological integrity and improve human well-being within (forested) landscapes. The monitoring of FLR is essential to ensure effective implementation and to learn from practice. Yet to this day, monitoring remains a major challenge for FLR. Monitoring FLR requires measures at a landscape scale and across social and natural sciences. We explore some of the monitoring challenges raised by these dimensions of FLR. We assess the current theory and practice behind FLR monitoring and how it relates to practices in related environmental disciplines.

Recent Findings
We highlight the challenges raised by the recent attempts at monitoring FLR and explore lessons from other related fields and conclude by proposing a framework of the basic issues to consider when monitoring FLR.

Summary
Computational methods for collisional stellar systems
Authors: Spurzem Rainer , Kamlah Albrecht 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDense star clusters are spectacular self-gravitating stellar systems in our Galaxy and across the Universe—in many respects. They populate disks and spheroids of galaxies as well as almost every galactic center. In massive elliptical galaxies nuclear clusters harbor supermassive black holes, which might influence the evolution of their host galaxies as a whole. The evolution of dense star clusters is not only governed by the aging of their stellar populations and simple Newtonian dynamics. For increasing particle number, unique gravitational effects of collisional many-body systems begin to dominate the early cluster evolution. As a result, stellar densities become so high that stars can interact and collide, stellar evolution and binary stars change the dynamical evolution, black holes can accumulate in their centers and merge with relativistic effects becoming important. Recent high-resolution imaging has revealed even more complex structural properties with respect to stellar populations, binary fractions and compact objects as well as—the still controversial—existence of intermediate mass black holes in clusters of intermediate mass. Dense star clusters therefore are the ideal laboratory for the concomitant study of stellar evolution and Newtonian as well as relativistic dynamics. Not only the formation and disruption of dense star clusters has to be considered but also their galactic environments in terms of initial conditions as well as their impact on galactic evolution. This review deals with the specific computational challenges for modelling dense, gravothermal star clusters.
Clinical Ethics Consultation in Japan: What does it Mean to have a Functioning Ethics Consultation?
Authors: Nagao Noriko , Takimoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis research examines the current status of clinical ethics consultation (CEC) in Japan through a nationwide study conducted with chairs of ethics committees and clinical ethics committees among 1028 post-graduate clinical teaching hospitals. We also qualitatively analyzed their viewpoints of the CEC’s benefits and problems related to hospital consultation services to identify the critical points for CEC and inform the development of a correctly functioning system. The questionnaire included structured questions about hospital CEC organization and service purpose and operation and open-ended questions about the benefits and problems of initiating CEC. The questionnaire comprised the presence/absence of an ethics committee, CEC services and membership when services were implemented, users, and the number of cases handled since inception. In addition, the respondents also provided their impressions of the CEC system’s impact on their hospital by describing (a) the benefits of CEC services and (b) the ineffectual or harmful aspects of the CEC system. Qualitative data were examined using qualitative content analysis to determine the impact of establishing a CEC and the difficulties of practice. One hundred twenty-five questionnaires were returned from either the chair of the ethics committee or clinical ethics committee in teaching hospitals. Of these, 90 (72%) reported they provided CEC services. Additionally, 36 respondents (34.6%) reported that their existing research and clinical ethics committees had conducted CEC services, and 35 (33.7%) reported having a newly established clinical ethics committee conducting CEC services. Three positive effects of establishing and four challenges in managing CEC were also identified.
Quantitative assessment of the impact of standard agreement templates on multisite clinical trial start up time
Authors: Lawrence Colleen E. , Bruce Virginia (Nickie) M. , Salberg Libby D. , Edwards Terri , Morales Casi , Palm Marisha , Bernard Gordon R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Contracting delays remain a challenge to the successful initiation of multisite clinical research in the US. The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Contracts Processing Study showed average contract negotiation duration of > 100 days for industry-sponsored or investigator-initiated contracts. Such delays create enormous costs to sponsors and to patients waiting to use new evidence-based treatments. With support from the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, the Accelerated Clinical Trial Agreement (ACTA) was developed by 25 major academic institutions and medical centers engaged in clinical research in collaboration with the University-Industry Demonstration Partnership and with input from pharmaceutical companies. The ACTA also informed the development of subsequent agreements, including the Federal Demonstration Partnership Clinical Trial Subaward Agreement (FDP-CTSA); both ACTA and the FDP-CTSA are largely non-negotiable agreements that represent pre-negotiated compromises in contract terms agreed upon by industry and/or medical center stakeholders. When the involved parties agree to use the CTSA-developed and supported standard agreement templates as a starting point for negotiations, there can be significant time savings for trials. Use of the ACTA resulted in an average savings of 48 days and use of the FDP-CTSA saved an average of 57 days of negotiation duration.
Hodge classes and the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence
Authors: Ichino Atsushi , Prasanna Kartik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We prove that the Jacquet–Langlands correspondence for cohomological automorphic forms on quaternionic Shimura varieties is realized by a Hodge class. Conditional on Kottwitz’s conjecture for Shimura varieties attached to unitary similitude groups, we also show that the image of this Hodge class in

$\ell $

-adic cohomology is Galois invariant for all

$\ell $

.
THE MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS OF RE-APPLYING THE EU FISCAL RULES: RETURNING TO THE STATUS QUO ANTE OR MOVING TO EXPENDITURE RULES?
Authors: Paetz Christoph , Watzka Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAgainst the background of the European Commission’s reform plans of the Stability and Growth Pact, this paper uses NiGEM to simulate the macroeconomic implications of re-applying the fiscal rules in 2024. Next to returning to the unreformed rules, the most prominent options include an expenditure rule. Our results indicate that re-applying the unreformed rules leads to severe cuts in public spending. An expenditure rule would, however, not necessarily alleviate the fiscal adjustment burden. Instead, our simulations show that great care must be taken to specify the expenditure rule, such that fiscal consolidation is achieved in a growth-friendly way.
English Travel Writers’ Representations of Freedom in the United Provinces, c. 1670–1795
Authors: Mitchell William H. F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFrom the Second Anglo-Dutch War to the fall of the United Provinces (c. 1670–1795), dozens of English writers published accounts of their travels across the North Sea. The English and the Dutch were bound by centuries of intellectual, political, and cultural interaction. Factors like a shared confession and similar economic structures meant that Anglo-Dutch relations were uniquely intimate, and this close relationship allowed a nuanced and complex exploration of political ideas. This article recreates one of those ideas that was repeated so often in English travel writing: that the Dutch Republic was free. This freedom was presented as a Faustian pact. In practice, the Dutch state guaranteed many freedoms that the English lauded, such as the right to property, to government accountability, and to efficient justice. However, English writers disdained the theories that underpinned these freedoms, which were viewed as egalitarian and republican. It was argued that these suspect doctrines led the United Provinces down the path to licentiousness, luxury, and decline. Paradoxically, therefore, the nature of Dutch freedom determined both the country’s rise and its fall.
The Italian versions of the This Is ME Questionnaire and the Patient Dignity Question: Understanding personhood and supporting dignity in patients with terminal cancer
Authors: Bovero Andrea , Cotardo Francesca , Cito Alessandra Loreta , Pidinchedda Alexa Victoria , Pesce Sara , Chochinov Harvey Max , Carletto Sara 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesPatients with cancer at the end of life may suffer from high psychological distress, a sense of demoralization, and a lack of dignity related to their medical condition. The This Is ME (TIME) Questionnaire and the Patient Dignity Question (PDQ) are clinical tools developed to achieve comprehensive and personalized patient care and to deepen our understanding of personhood. The objective of this study was to translate and validate the TIME Questionnaire, which contains the PDQ, into Italian to evaluate patient satisfaction of the Italian version of these tools and to identify essential themes elicited by the tools.MethodsThe validation process consisted of a forward and back translation stage, data collection from a sample of 60 patients with terminal cancer, and a final consultation with a panel of experts to identify patient themes using the results of the tool.ResultsOverall, participants felt that the PDQ/TIME questionnaire captured their essence as a person, allowed them to express their values and beliefs, and helped the health care professionals (HCP) to take better care of them. Content analysis identified “family relationships,” “global pain,” and “family roles and accomplishments” as being of most importance to patients.Significance of resultsThe Italian versions of the PDQ/TIME Questionnaire are clear, precise, understandable, and focused on understanding personhood in patients with advanced cancer. These tools should be used to proactively enhance patient–caregiver and patient–HCP relationships and to develop new perspectives of patient care focused on the critical dimension of personhood.