bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated facial expression recognition using novel textural transformation
Authors: Tuncer Turker , Dogan Sengul , Subasi Abdulhamit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFacial expressions demonstrate the important information about our emotions and show the real intentions. In this study, a novel texture transformation method using graph structures is presented for facial expression recognition. Our proposed method consists of five steps. First the face image is segmented and resized. Then the proposed graph-based texture transformation is used as feature extractor. The exemplar feature extraction is performed using the proposed deep graph texture transformation. The extracted features are concatenated to obtain one dimensional feature set. This feature set is subjected to maximum pooling and principle component analysis methods to reduce the number of features. These reduced features are fed to classifiers and we have obtained the highest classification accuracy of 97.09% and 99.25% for JAFFE and TFEID datasets respectively Moreover, we have used CK + dataset to obtain comparison results and our textural transformation based model yielded 100% classification accuracy on the CK + dataset. The proposed method has the potential to be employed for security applications like counter terrorism, day care, residential security, ATM machine and voter verification.
How did the meter acquire its definitive length?
Authors: Nyblom Jukka 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe French Academy of Science decided in 1791 that the new unit of length, the meter, is to be as one ten millionth part of the meridian quarter from the north pole to the equator. In order to find out the numerical value for this length, the Academy equipped two expeditions for measuring the meridian arc between Dunkirk and Barcelona. Then by mathematical calculations one could derive the length of the meridian quarter. After the expeditions had returned to Paris and their data had become available, Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827) estimated the flattening of the earth. He obtained the value 1/150.6, which cannot stand as regards known facts. This is a story about how Laplace managed to save the meter project. Combining the new French arc measurements with the older measurements made in Peru 1730–40 he estimated the flattening anew and found the plausible value 1/334. With the help of this new flattening he calculated the definitive length of the meter to be 443.296 Parisian lines. The final section of the article tells the refinements of the meter’s definitions from the year 1799 to the present.
Garau Formation as an unconventional hydrocarbon resource in southwestern Iran: a geochemical investigation
Authors: Hosseiny Ehsan , Mohseni Ahmadreza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDue to the growing need for hydrocarbons and the limited conventional resources, paying attention to unconventional oil and gas resources is essential. The upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous in western and southwestern Iran contains the most crucial source rocks of the Zagros sedimentary basin. One of the richest source rocks is the shaly Garau Formation. Owing to geochemical and geological characteristics, the Garau Formation, with Neocomian to Coniacian age and periodicity of radiolore black limestones with black pyrite bituminous shales, ammonite, and chertite shale, is the suitable potential sweet spot as oil shale and gas shale. In this study, a comprehensive regional study was conducted on the entire Garau Formation basin using Rock–Eval parameters and organic matter maturity data. In addition to investigating the hydrocarbon generation potential of the Garau Formation as a source rock, the prospect of this Formation as oil and gas shales in the entire Garau basin was investigated. For this purpose, 31 fields in 5 important sub-basins of Zagros, including East Lorestan, West Lorestan, Izeh zone, Dezful Embayment, and Abadan plain were investigated. The study showed that total organic carbon varies between 0.17 and 24.6, and more than 75% of total organic carbon had values greater than 1. By examining the quantity, quality, and maturity parameters and considering the necessary thresholds, it was found that East Lorestan and West Lorestan have the conditions for oil and gas shales. The highest quantity and best quality of organic matter are related to Eastern Lorestan. By moving west and south of Garau Basin, the quantity and quality of organic matter decrease, and the hydrogen index proves the results. Vitrinite reflection studies indicated that the lowest and highest levels of organic matter maturity belong to East Lorestan and West Lorestan, respectively. Therefore, the northeast of Garau Basin (Eastern Lorestan) has the potential for oil shale, and the northwest of the Basin (Western Lorestan) has the potential for gas shale.
Revisiting the public–private wage gap in Spain: new evidence and interpretation
Authors: Couceiro de León Alba , Dolado Juan J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper updates the available evidence on the public–private wage gap in Spain, which dates back to 2012. Through microdata drawn from the last three waves of the Wage Structure Survey (2010, 2014 and 2018), we study how this gap and its distribution by gender and education have evolved during and after the Great Recession. Conventional Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions are used to divide the raw wage gap into a component explained by differences in characteristics and another one capturing differences in returns and endogenous selection. The main findings are: (i) a strong wage compression by skills, and (ii) a wage premium for less-skilled women in the public sector. Both empirical results can be rationalised by a monopoly union wage-setting model with monopsonistic features and the presence of female statistical discrimination.
Case report. Hematurie bij een patiënt met lokale doorgroei van een testiscarcinoom
Authors: Nuijens Siberyn T. , Mulder Sasja F. , Halilovic Mirha , Sijm Joost H. M. , Muselaers Constantijn H. J. 
Published: April 2023

SamenvattingDit case report betreft een patiënt met hematurie ten gevolge van een kiemceltumor van de linker testis, welke doorgroeide in de blaaswand. Mannen met een niet-ingedaalde testis hebben een verhoogde kans op het ontwikkelen van een testiculaire kiemceltumor. Bij de 67-jarige patiënt in deze casus werd tijdens cystoscopie een tumor in de blaas gevonden. De patiënt onderging een diagnostische transurethrale resectie van de tumor, laboratoriumonderzoek en een CT-scan, op grond waarvan een stadium 2‑good-risk seminoom van de testis werd gediagnosticeerd. De patiënt werd behandeld met vier cycli van etoposide en cisplatine met nadien een open chirurgische resectie van de restlaesie. Het herstel verliep ongecompliceerd. Bij beeldvorming na zes maanden waren er geen tekenen van een recidief.
Land-Use Rights and Informal Credit in Rural Vietnam
Authors: Migheli Matteo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccess to credit and its cost are a major challenge for farmers in developing countries. Land serves as collateral for accessing formal credit, but the role that land ownership plays in accessing informal credit and determining its cost is understudied. This paper provides empirical evidence on the effects that land ownership has on both the demand for and the cost of informal and formal credit in the Mekong Delta. The results show that as land ownership increases, both the demand for and the cost of informal loans decrease, while the amount of money borrowed from formal lenders increases. The design and implementation of appropriate land redistributions seem to be a fundamental way to fight the informal credit market.
Structural MRI Texture Analysis for Detecting Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Silva Joana , Bispo Bruno C. , Rodrigues Pedro M. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has the highest worldwide prevalence of all neurodegenerative disorders, no cure, and low ratios of diagnosis accuracy at its early stage where treatments have some effect and can give some years of life quality to patients. This work aims to develop an automatic method to detect AD in 3 different stages, namely, control (CN), mild-cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD itself, using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI).

Methods:

A set of co-occurrence matrix and texture statistical measures (contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, entropy, variance, and standard deviation) were extracted from a two-level discrete wavelet transform decomposition of sMRI images. The discriminant capacity of the measures was analyzed and the most discriminant ones were selected to be used as features for feeding classical machine learning (cML) algorithms and a convolution neural network (CNN).

Results:

The cML algorithms achieved the following classification accuracies: 93.3% for AD vs CN, 87.7% for AD vs MCI, 88.2% for CN vs MCI, and 75.3% for All vs All. The CNN achieved the following classification accuracies: 82.2% for AD vs CN, 75.4% for AD vs MCI, 83.8% for CN vs MCI, and 64% for All vs All.

Conclusion:

In the evaluated cases, cML provided higher discrimination results than CNN. For the All vs All comparison, the proposed
method surpasses by 4% the discrimination accuracy of the state-of-the-art methods that use structural MRI.
Differential impact of exportin-1-mediated nuclear export of RNAs on the RNA content of extracellular vesicle subpopulations
Authors: Pálóczi Krisztina , Buzas Edit I. , Falus András 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed subcellular structures released by all cell types. EVs have important roles in both cellular homeostasis and intercellular communication. Recent progress in the field revealed substantial heterogeneity of EVs even within the size-based EV categories. Here we addressed the question whether the exportin-1 (XPO1)-mediated nuclear export of RNAs contributed to the EV heterogeneity. Size-based populations were separated from the conditioned media of three cell lines (U937, THP-1 and 5/4E8) in steady-state condition. The effects of activation and leptomycin B treatment (to inhibit the XPO1-mediated nuclear export of RNAs) were also tested in the case of the two monocytic cell lines. Agilent Pico and Small chips were used to characterize RNAs, fragment analysis was performed, and EV-associated miRNAs were tested by Taqman assays. As expected, we found the highest small RNA/total RNA ratio and the lowest rRNA/total RNA proportion in small EVs (~ 50–150 nm). Profiles of the small RNAs within different size-based EV categories significantly differed based on the activation status of the EV releasing cells. Leptomycin B had a differential inhibition on the tested small RNAs in EVs, even within the same EV size category. A similar heterogeneity of the EV miRNA content was observed upon cellular activation and nuclear export inhibition. Here we complement the already existing knowledge on EV heterogeneity by providing evidence that the RNA cargo varies depending on the EV size-based category, the releasing cell type, the functional status of the releasing cells and the exportin-1-mediated nuclear export of RNAs.
Gγ subunit AT1/GS3-the “code” of alkaline tolerance in main graminaceous crops
Authors: Ju Chuanfeng , Wang Cun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis brief article highlights the results of Zhang et al. (Science 379, eade8416, 2023), who recently found that the Gγ subunit AT1/GS3 contributes to alkaline tolerance in several main monocots crops, and revealed the molecular mechanism of AT1/GS3-mediated response to alkaline stress in plants, which involves regulating H2O2 levels by inhibiting the phosphorylation of aquaporin PIP2s.
Social anxiety in modern societies from an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Haugan Tommy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study seeks to frame the evolutionary roots of why people strive for attractiveness, and how seeking social status and the desire to be accepted by peers in today’s society may cause psychological distress and social anxiety. The central aim of the present study is twofold. First, the goal is to break down biological selection into its component parts to understand the evolution of key human traits that consequently make social status concerns and social anxiousness reasonable and adaptive. The second goal is to highlight the socioeconomic conditions that may enhance people’s propensity to develop social anxiety. This study proposes that an evolutionary approach to social anxiety should rely on a broad concept of social selection (grouped into nonsexual social selection, intersexual selection, and intrasexual selection). Furthermore, the overwhelming visualisation of differences in quality and conspicuous displays of status markers in modern societies may act as psychological stressors that increase people’s propensity to develop social anxiety. Understanding how the evolved human mind and behavioural strategies respond to socioeconomic and sociocultural circumstances is relevant both in the formation of public policy and in clinical health services aiming to benefit public health.
Innovative design solutions for contemporary Tou-Kung based on topological optimisation
Authors: Duan Cheng Bi , Shen Su Yi , Bao Ding Wen , Yan Xin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTou-Kung, which is pronounced in Chinese and known as Bracket Set (Liang & Fairbank, A pictorial history of Chinese architecture, 1984), is a vital support component in the Chinese traditional wooden tectonic systems. It is located between the column and the beam and connects the eave and pillar, making the heavy roof extend out of the eaves longer. The development of Tou-Kung is entirely a microcosm of the development of ancient Chinese architecture; the aesthetic structure and Asian artistic temperament behind Tou-Kung make it gradually become the cultural and spiritual symbol of traditional Chinese architecture. In the contemporary era, inheriting and developing Tou-Kung has become an essential issue. Several architects have attempted to employ new materials and techniques to integrate the traditional Tou-Kung into modern architectural systems, such as the China Pavilion at the 2010 World Expo and Yusuhara Wooden Bridge Museum. This paper introduces the topological optimisation method bi-directional evolutionary structural optimisation (BESO) for form-finding. BESO method is one of the most popular topology optimisation methods widely employed in civil engineering and architecture. Through analyzing the development trend of Tou-Kung and mechanical structure, the authors integrate 2D and 3D optimisation methods and apply the hybrid methods to form-finding. Meanwhile, mortise and tenon joint used to create stable connections with components of Tou-Kung are retained. This research aims to design a new Tou-Kung corresponding to “structural performance-based aesthetics”. The workflow proposed in this paper is valuable for Architrave and other traditional building components.
A systematic review on whether regenerative agriculture improves animal welfare: A qualitative analysis with a One Welfare perspective
Authors: Hargreaves-Méndez Matías Javier , Hötzel María José 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The welfare of animals in food-production systems is a cause of concern to the public. Regenerative agriculture was first used by the Rodale Institute and proposes to regenerate degraded components of ecosystems, aiming to be more than just sustainable. However, despite animal welfare being pushed to be part of the SDG agenda for 2030, there is no clarity on how regenerative agriculture impacts animal welfare. It is challenging to determine regenerative agriculture impacts on animal welfare, since it is not entirely defined. One Welfare could help define entry points for future research by studying animal welfare in connection with human welfare and environmental conservation. We aimed to analyse the extent to which positive animal welfare outcomes characterise regenerative agriculture systems in peer-reviewed articles and whether the narratives of such articles support that regenerative agriculture promotes animal welfare directly or indirectly by improving human welfare and environmental conservation. We searched papers including ‘regenerative agriculture’ using PRISMA-P, selecting animal welfare, human welfare, environment conservation terms, developed themes, and carried out analysis using Atlas.Ti8 and Causal Loop Diagram. We found that papers mainly linked animal welfare to animal health, human welfare to financial farm status and farmer’s self-awareness, and environmental conservation to soil improvement. Causal Loop Diagram indicated that regenerative agriculture had the potential to improve the health and nutrition components of animal welfare by enhancing financial farmers’ status/self-awareness (human welfare), and the soil (environmental conservation), reflecting that the processes that affect human welfare and environmental conservation could also affect animal welfare. However, information in papers remains insufficient to determine how regenerative agriculture impacts on animal welfare and research into regenerative agriculture needs to extend its focus on animal welfare and elucidate the regenerative agriculture principles leading to animal welfare.
Interpreting the state–citizen nexus in contemporary Nordic legal and social citizenship: the case of divergence in restriction on freedom of movement as a mitigation policy in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nordensvärd Johan , Sefton Therese , Godenhjelm Sebastian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article was to use an interpretivist approach to analyse the state–citizen nexus in general and the conflict between civil and social rights imposing restrictions on people’s freedom of movement during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Nordic countries: Sweden (restrictions were voluntary and relied on nudging and individual implementation), Norway (restrictions of movement were for everyone and was enforced by authorities), and Finland (restrictions of movement were for the capital region and was enforced by authorities). Sweden focused more on upholding the civil rights vis-à-vis social rights whereas in Norway and Finland social rights have trumped civil rights in the face of the pandemic. Thus, the analysis suggests that the Nordic countries cannot be understood as monoliths in all respects. The article thereby contributes to a greater understanding of how the Nordic governments prioritise civil and social rights differently when they are forced to choose.
Turning on Those Who Turn to the Courts: Experimental Evidence of Backlash Against Personal Injury Litigants
Authors: Barnes Jeb , Menounou Elli , Hevron Parker 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDo people turn on those who turn to the courts? Using a survey experiment, we find people have significantly more negative attitudes toward personal injury litigants than other types of claimants, even when they believe the claimant is injured and mostly not at fault. Moreover, our subjects were not anti-claim, anti-hiring a lawyer, or even anti-government program. Instead, they were distinctively anti-litigant.
Executive Partisanship and Corporate Investment
Authors: Rice Anthony B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractI show that an alignment in partisan affiliation, between a firm’s management and the president, is associated with higher levels of investment. Using insider trading data, I find that managers become more optimistic about their companies’ prospects when their preferred party is in power. This optimism-driven increase in investment is amplified by herding and associated with both lower profitability and stock returns. Overall, managers’ political beliefs produce heterogeneous expectations about future cash flows and distort investment decisions.
Nonlinear optimal control for a 4-DOF SCARA robotic manipulator
Authors: Rigatos G. , Abbaszadeh M. , Busawon K. , Pomares J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSelective compliance articulated robot arms (SCARA) robotic manipulators find wide use in industry. A nonlinear optimal control approach is proposed for the dynamic model of the 4-degrees of freedom (DOF) SCARA robotic manipulator. The dynamic model of the SCARA robot undergoes approximate linearization around a temporary operating point that is recomputed at each time-step of the control method. The linearization relies on Taylor series expansion and on the associated Jacobian matrices. For the linearized state-space model of the system, a stabilizing optimal (H-infinity) feedback controller is designed. To compute the controller’s feedback gains, an algebraic Riccati equation is repetitively solved at each iteration of the control algorithm. The stability properties of the control method are proven through Lyapunov analysis. The proposed control method is advantageous because: (i) unlike the popular computed torque method for robotic manipulators, it is characterized by optimality and is also applicable when the number of control inputs is not equal to the robot’s number of DOFs and (ii) it achieves fast and accurate tracking of reference setpoints under minimal energy consumption by the robot’s actuators. The nonlinear optimal controller for the 4-DOF SCARA robot is finally compared against a flatness-based controller implemented in successive loops.
Jigless assembly of an industrial product by a universal robotic hand mounted on an industrial robot
Authors: Fukuda Takahito , Dobashi Hiroki , Nagano Hikaru , Tazaki Yuichi , Katayama Raita , Yokokohji Yasuyoshi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper demonstrates that “completely-jigless” assembly of a model product that requires fitting accuracy at the level of industrial products is possible by using a universal hand with four parallel stick fingers mounted on a conventional position-control-based industrial robot. Assuming that each part is taken out of the parts bin and temporarily placed on the work table, the accuracy required for precise fitting cannot be achieved with a vision sensor alone. Introducing an appropriate grasping strategy, the initial position error of the part is absorbed by self-alignment in the process of grasping. Once the alignment is completed, the pose of the grasped part is fixed and jigless assembly is possible with a conventional industrial robot, which has high repeatability. In this paper, we use a gear unit as an example of an industrial product and present some grasping strategies with the universal hand. We also propose some subsequent assembly strategies for shafts and gears. Using those grasping and assembly strategies, it is shown that jigless assembly of the gear unit was successfully completed in the experiment. Although the target product in this paper is specific, the assembly elements in this product, such as shaft screwing, bearing insertion, and gear meshing, are also included in many other products. Therefore, the methods shown in this paper can be applied to other products.