bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Interfacial Adhesion Strength of Parts Additively Manufactured on Fabrics
Authors: Blais Maxwell , Tomlinson Scott , Khoda Bashir 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This research first presents a method of peel testing developed by the researchers to characterize the strength of the interface between fabric and additively manufactured material. Experimentation is next presented that characterizes the interfacial strength relative to a set of parameters which include fabric fiber morphology, thickness of sizing applied to fabric, 3D printer bed temperature, and angle of additive manufacturing relative to the fabric warp direction. The interface strength within the parameter space presented was then searched and found to have a maximum of 5.18 N/mm using a novel set of parameters. This interface strength indicates the method of additive manufacturing direction on fabric may be suitable for use in a broader range of applications than previously proven feasible. Relatively rough, thick, and loose weave fabrics were found to promote interface strength compared to smoother, thinner, and finer woven fabrics. Relatively higher bed temperatures also promoted higher interface strength. Sizings on the fabric were found to promote interface strength with relatively smooth, thin, or fine fabrics which do not themselves promote high mechanical interlocking. Using these research findings, interface strength between fabric and additively manufactured material can be modified to suit the application.
An Improved Slicing Technique for Finite Line Contacts in the Modeling of Rolling Element Bearings
Authors: Yang Di , Wang Xi , Hou Yu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mechanical system often involves the finite line contact of key components such as rolling element bearings and gear pairs. Different contact models have been developed to predict the load–displacement relationship and contact pressure distribution, but there usually exists a tradeoff between the accuracy of simulation results and computational cost. An improved slicing technique is presented in this work. According to the half-space theory, a tri-linear fitting model is developed to express the load–displacement relationship and coupling behavior in slices of contact region, which is originally controlled by a spatial convolution. The improved slicing technique is thus formulated based on the tri-linear model. A modified Newton–Raphson algorithm is adopted to solve the free boundary problem of the improved slicing technique. The improved slicing technique is validated to be able to correctly predict the load–displacement relationships and the contact pressure distributions of different contact profiles, especially for contact pressure concentrations which other slicing techniques are unable to predict accurately. The computation speed of the proposed method is much faster than the semi-analytical method and is of the same order of other slicing technique. The high accuracy and low computational cost enable the proposed method to be applied in the on-line calculation of rolling element bearings and other sophisticated mechanical systems.
Study on Lubricating Performance of the Bubbly Oil Under High Shear Rate—Part 1: Generation Method and Viscosity Measurement of the Bubbly Oil
Authors: Jiang Shuyun , Li Shaohua , Lu Li , Zhang Chibin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Bubbly oil lubrication is a type of lubrication method that has a high potential for application. However, the lubricating performance of the bubbly oil has not been thoroughly considered. This paper aims to investigate the lubricating performance of the bubbly oil including the generation of the bubbly oil, viscosity characteristics of the bubbly oil, and the application study of the bubbly oil lubrication. Due to space limitation, the work is divided into two parts. Part 1 focuses on the generation method of the bubbly oil, observation of the bubbly oil, and the measurement of viscosity characteristics under a high shear rate. Part 2 focuses on the application study of the bubbly oil lubrication in high-speed bearing. A generation method for the bubbly oil was proposed by a combination of the dispersed-air method and the pressurized dissolution one. An experiment setup for generating the bubbly oil, an observation system for the bubbly oil, and a specially-designed viscometer for the bubbly oil were developed. The research results show that the generation method for the bubbly oil is of high efficiency and stability and the observation system is operational.
Small-Dataset Machine Learning for Wear Prediction of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Fabricated Steel
Authors: Zhu Yi , Yuan Zijun , Khonsari Michael M. , Zhao Shuming , Yang Huayong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The wear performance of an additively manufactured part is crucial to ensure the component’s functionality and reliability. Nevertheless, wear prediction is arduous due to numerous influential factors in both the manufacturing procedure and contact conditions. Machine learning offers a facile path to predict mechanical properties if sufficient datasets are available, without which it is very challenging to attain a high prediction accuracy. In this work, high-accuracy wear prediction of 316L stainless steel parts fabricated using laser powder bed fusion and in situ surface modification is achieved based on only 54 sets of data using a combination of an improved machine learning algorithm and data augmentation. A new modification temperature ratio was introduced for data augmentation. Four common machine learning algorithms and sparrow search algorithm optimized back propagation neural network were conducted and compared. The results indicated that the prediction accuracy of all algorithms was improved after data augmentation, while the improved machine learning algorithm achieved the highest prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.978). Such an approach is applicable to predict other systematically complex properties of parts fabricated using other additive manufacturing technologies.
Prediction of Static Characteristics of Hydrodynamic Air Foil Bearing Considering Contact and Friction Between Foils
Authors: Hu Nanrong , Jia Hekun , Yin Bifeng , Zhou Zeyuan , Xu Bo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The elastohydrodynamic model of hydrodynamic air foil bearing has been built to study the influence of rotor speed, the friction coefficient between bearing components, load and other parameters on the foil displacement of hydrodynamic air bearing under steady-state conditions. The static characteristics of hydrodynamic air foil bearing are predicted by using the numerical simulation method. The results show that the radial displacement of the foil is the smallest at both ends of the bearing and the largest at the middle of the bearing, while the top foil changes gently along the width of the bearing away from the maximum pressure. After increasing the rotating speed, the maximum fluid pressure improves and the action position shifts, and the increase of rotating speed has a significant impact on the maximum pressure. Improving the friction coefficient µ2 between the bump foil and the bearing sleeve has different effects on the displacement of the foil. When µ1 is 0.1, by promoting µ2, the transverse displacement of the top foil at the pressure peak increases by 20.9%, the longitudinal displacement is reduced by 8.9%, and the transverse displacement and the maximum longitudinal negative displacement of the bump foil are decreased by 53.2% and 31.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the longitudinal displacement of bump foil at the fixed end has been reduced by increasing the load, and the relative size of the friction coefficient between the components affects the size and direction of the foil displacement at the same load.
Guidance on Evaluating the Performance of Multigeneration Systems Based on Energetic and Exergetic Criteria
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulmajeed , Sherif S. A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents an investigation of the performance indices employed in combined or multigeneration thermal systems. Specifically, the following thermal systems will be considered: (1) combined cooling and power (CCP) systems; (2) combined heating and power (CHP) systems; and (3) combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) systems. The investigation will highlight the main problems and limitations related to using these indices. We will propose a new procedure for evaluating the performance of CCP systems that can be generalized for use in other combined or multigeneration systems. Employing the subsystems forming any multigeneration system as a reference, the relative saving ratios of energy and exergy are calculated. These saving ratios are used as metrics for the goodness of multigeneration systems. We will also use them to calculate equivalent energetic and exergetic efficiencies of multigeneration systems. These equivalent efficiencies will be used as performance indicators of a multigeneration system as if it were producing only one of its products. The new procedure will be applied to three case studies in this paper. Results of this work indicate that the equivalent exergetic efficiency of power generation (ψP,eqv) is the most meaningful and accurate performance index for assessing the performance of multigeneration systems.
Prediction of the Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Glycine Max Biodiesel Blends With Nanoadditives and Hydrogen
Authors: Prabhu L. , Shenbagaraman S. , Anbarasu A. , Muniappan A. , Suthan R. , Veza Ibham 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the Glycine max (soybean oil) biodiesel with hydrogen along with MgO nanoadditives on compression ignition engines. A series of tests were conducted at various loading conditions in a water-cooled, single-cylinder, constant-speed engine. The biodiesel-blended soya oil was used as the primary fuel, and hydrogen was added at a constant volume of 25 LPM. Additionally, MgO nanoparticles were dispersed to the blends at concentrations of 50 ppm. In this study, it was found that the addition of hydrogen to the compression ignition (CI) engine resulted in an increase in combustion performance. In addition, hydrogen and oxygen molecules significantly reduced the exhaust gas temperature and brake-specific fuel consumption of biodiesel samples. An increase in nanoparticle concentration resulted in a reduction in emissions of pollutants such CO2, CO, and HC. Inclusion of the hydrogen in the combustion chamber reduces the carbon content burned. Further, the availability of extra molecules in the MgO aids the fuel to reach higher combustion rates. At higher load conditions, biodiesel blends showed a slight decrease in NOx emissions. Overall, from the findings, it is clear that hydrogen addition and nanoparticles enhanced emission and combustion process, which is attributed due to the increase in hydrogen content in the fuel.
Sensitivity Analysis and Feature Selection for Drilling-Oriented Models
Authors: Tariq Sofia , Dan Sui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractData-driven models have risen in popularity during the past 10 years, which increase the effectiveness and durability of systems without necessitating a lot of human involvement. Despite all of their advantages, they remain the limitations in terms of model interpretation, data selection, and model evaluation. Sensitivity analysis (SA) is a powerful tool to decipher behaviors of data-driven models to analyze the correlations among inputs and outputs of models, and quantify the severity of inputs’ influence on outputs to effectively interpret these black-box models. Feature selection (FS) is a preprocessing approach used in data-driven modeling to select the crucial parameters as inputs fed to models. For the most of the existing works, the FS is well used to select inputs through the analysis on the drilling data correlations, while SA is seldom employed for data-driven model evaluation and interpretation in drilling applications. Data-driven rate of penetration (ROP) models have consistently outperformed many conventional ROP models, most likely as a result of their strong data analysis capabilities, capacity to learn from data in order to recognize data patterns, and effective policies for making logical decisions automatically. A data-driven ROP model was developed from a benchmarking field drilling dataset in this work. Following the ROP modelling, sensitivity analysis methods were employed to identify the input variables that had the greatest influence on ROP estimations. The FS techniques and the sensitivity analysis were combined during the data preprocessing to identify the most important aspects for modelling. The outcomes demonstrate that using the robust sensitivity analysis techniques to overcome the limits of machine learning models allows for the best interpretation and understanding of the produced data-driven models.
Late Cretaceous tectonothermal events of the Gangdese belt, southern Tibet
Authors: Ma Xuxuan , Xu Zhiqin , Lusk Alexander D. , Erdmann Saskia , Chen Xijie , Ma Shiwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Gangdese belt of the southern Lhasa terrane (southern Tibet) records a Chileantype accretionary orogeny driven by subduction of Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere, prior to Indo-Asian collision and formation of the Tibetan Plateau. We present detailed structural analysis of outcrops and a drill core in the Jiama copper ore district along with 40Ar-39Ar cooling ages from white mica, plagioclase, and potassium feldspar and zircon U-Pb geochronology of granitoids and sandstone. These data add new constraints to the formation of a major angular unconformity, deformation along and within the footwall of the Gangdese décollement, and the coupling between deformation and magmatism. Structural analysis indicates that top- to- the- south motion along the décollement produced southvergent folding and thrusting of Upper Jurassic to Cretaceous strata in the Gangdese back-arc basin. A synthesis of new and compiled age data reveals that the décollement and associated south-vergent deformation occurred between ca. 90 and 65 Ma, contemporaneous with the formation of a major ca. 85–69 Ma angular unconformity between the overlying Paleocene–Eocene Linzizong Formation and the underlying Upper Cretaceous Shexing Formation. We posit that this deformation in the Gangdese belt resulted from flat-slab subduction of the Neotethyan oceanic slab beneath the southern margin of the Asian continent. A flat-slab subduction geometry is consistent with previously documented synchronous thrusting in the forearc and back-arc basins as well as the observed arc magmatic lull of the Gangdese belt between ca. 80 and 65 Ma.
Screening for prostate cancer: evidence, ongoing trials, policies and knowledge gaps
Authors: Bratt Ola , Auvinen Anssi , Arnsrud Godtman Rebecka , Hellström Mikael , Hugosson Jonas , Lilja Hans , Wallström Jonas , Roobol Monique J 
Published: April 2023

Long-term screening with serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and systematic prostate biopsies can reduce prostate cancer mortality but leads to unacceptable overdiagnosis. Over the past decade, diagnostic methods have improved and the indolent nature of low-grade prostate cancer has been established. These advances now enable more selective detection of potentially lethal prostate cancer. This non-systematic review summarises relevant diagnostic advances, previous and ongoing screening trials, healthcare policies and important remaining knowledge gaps.Evidence synthesis and conclusions: The strong association between low serum PSA values and minimal long-term risk of prostate cancer death allows for adjusting screening intervals. Use of risk calculators, biomarkers and MRI to select men with a raised PSA value for biopsy and lesion-targeting rather than systematic prostate biopsies reduce the detection of low-grade cancer and thereby overdiagnosis. These improvements recently led the European Union to recommend its member states to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of organised screening programmes for prostate cancer. Nonetheless, important knowledge gaps remain such as the performance of modern diagnostic methods in long-term screening programmes and their impact on mortality. The knowledge gaps are currently being addressed in three large randomised screening trials. Population-based pilot programmes will contribute critical practical experience.
Mixed-methods feasibility study to inform a randomised controlled trial of proton pump inhibitors to reduce strictures following neonatal surgery for oesophageal atresia
Authors: Mitchell Tracy Karen , Hall Nigel J , Yardley Iain , Cole Christina , Hardy Pollyanna , King Andy , Murray David , Nuthall Elizabeth , Roehr Charles , Stanbury Kayleigh , Williams Rachel , Pearce John , Woolfall Kerry 
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesThis mixed-methods feasibility study aimed to explore parents’ and medical practitioners’ views on the acceptability and design of a clinical trial to determine whether routine prophylactic proton pump inhibitors (PPI) reduce the incidence of anastomotic stricture in infants with oesophageal atresia (OA).DesignSemi-structured interviews with UK parents of an infant with OA and an online survey, telephone interviews and focus groups with clinicians. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.Participants and settingWe interviewed 18 parents of infants with OA. Fifty-one clinicians (49 surgeons, 2 neonatologists) from 20/25 (80%) units involved in OA repair completed an online survey and 10 took part in 1 of 2 focus groups. Interviews were conducted with two clinicians whose survey responses indicated they had concerns about the trial.Outcome MeasuresParents and clinicians ranked the same top four outcomes (‘Severity of anastomotic stricture’, ‘Incidence of anastomotic stricture’, ‘Need for treatment of reflux’ and ‘Presence of symptoms of reflux’) as important to measure for the proposed trial.ResultsAll parents and most clinicians found the use, dose and duration of omeprazole as the intervention medication, and the placebo control, as acceptable. Parents stated they would hypothetically consent to their child’s participation in the trial. Concerns of a few parents and clinicians about infants suffering with symptomatic reflux, and the impact of this for study retention, appeared to be alleviated through the symptomatic reflux treatment pathway. Hesitant clinician views appeared to change through discussion of parental support for the study and by highlighting existing research that questions current practice of PPI treatment.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that parents and most clinicians view the proposed Treating Oesophageal Atresia with prophylactic proton pump inhibitors to prevent STricture (TOAST) trial to be feasible and acceptable so long as infants can be given PPI if clinicians deem it clinically necessary. This insight into parent and clinician views and concerns will inform pilot phase trial monitoring, staff training and the development of the trial protocol.
Vitamin B12status in infancy and the effect of a vitamin B12injection in infants with subclinical vitamin B12deficiency: study protocol for a register-based randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bakken Kjersti S , Kvestad Ingrid , Bjørkevoll Sol Maja Graasvold , Solvik Beate Stokke , Kaldenbach Siri , McCann Adrian , Holten-Andersen Mads Nikolaj , Ersvær Elisabeth , Konijnenberg Carolien , Strand Tor A 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionVitamin B12(cobalamin) is crucial for optimal child development and growth, yet deficiency is common worldwide. The aim of this study is twofold; (1) to describe vitamin B12status and the status of other micronutrients in Norwegian infants, and (2) in a randomised controlled trial (RCT), investigate the effect of vitamin B12supplementation on neurodevelopment in infants with subclinical vitamin B12deficiency.Methods and analysisInfant blood samples, collected at public healthcare clinics, are analysed for plasma cobalamin levels. Infants with plasma cobalamin <148 pmol/L are immediately treated with hydroxocobalamin and excluded from the RCT. Remaining infants (cobalamin ≥148 pmol/L) are randomly assigned (in a 1:1 ratio) to either a screening or a control group. In the screening group, baseline samples are immediately analysed for total homocysteine (tHcy), while in the control group, the baseline samples will be analysed after 12 months. Screening group infants with plasma tHcy >6.5 µmol/L, are given an intramuscular injection of hydroxocobalamin (400 µg). The primary outcomes are cognitive, language and motor development assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 12 months of age.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (ref: 186505). Investigators who meet the Vancouver requirements will be eligible for authorship and be responsible for dissemination of study findings. Results will extend current knowledge on consequences of subclinical vitamin B12deficiency during infancy and may inform future infant feeding recommendations.Trial registration numberNCT05005897.
Investigating point-of-care diagnostics for sexually transmitted infections and antimicrobial resistance in antenatal care in Zimbabwe (IPSAZ): protocol for a mixed-methods study
Authors: Martin Kevin , Dziva Chikwari Chido , Dauya Ethel , Mackworth-Young Constance R S , Bath David , Tucker Joseph , Simms Victoria , Bandason Tsitsi , Ndowa Francis , Katsidzira Leolin , Mugurungi Owen , Machiha Anna , Marks Michael , Kranzer Katharina , Ferrand Rashida 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionSexually transmitted infections (STIs) can cause serious morbidity, including pelvic inflammatory disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In low/middle-income countries, limited laboratory infrastructure has resulted in a syndrome-based approach being used for management of STIs, which has poor sensitivity and specificity, leading to considerable underdiagnosis and overtreatment. The WHO has called for development and evaluation of strategies to inform replacement of syndromic management by diagnostic testing.The aim of this project is to evaluate a strategy of point-of-care testing for six STIs in antenatal care (ANC) in Zimbabwe.Methods and analysisA prospective interventional study will be conducted in ANC clinics in Harare province, Zimbabwe. One thousand pregnant women will be recruited when registering for routine ANC. Alongside routine HIV and syphilis testing, participants will be offered an integrated screening package including testing forChlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Trichomonas vaginalis(TV) and hepatitis B. All individuals with STIs will receive treatment, partner notification services, risk reduction counselling and referral if needed according to national guidelines. Gonorrhoea samples will be cultured and tested for antimicrobial resistance as per WHO enhanced gonococcal antimicrobial surveillance programme guidelines.The primary outcome measure is the composite prevalence of CT, NG, TV, syphilis and hepatitis B. A mixed-methods process evaluation and economic evaluation will be conducted to understand the acceptability, feasibility and cost-effectiveness of integrated STI testing, compared with standard of care (syndromic management).Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe, the Biomedical Research and Training Institute Institutional Review Board, and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Research Ethics Committee. Results will be submitted to open-access peer-reviewed journals, presented at academic meetings and shared with participating communities and with national and international policymaking bodies.Trial registration numberNCT05541081