bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental self-efficacy managing a child’s medications and treatments: adaptation of a PROMIS measure
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Blackwell Courtney K. , Kan Kristin , Morales Luis , Cella David , Shaunfield Sara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Self-efficacy is important for managing chronic conditions; however, its measurement in pediatric healthcare settings remains rare. The goal of this project was to adapt an existing disease-agnostic adult self-efficacy patient reported outcome (PRO) measure to enhance suitability of items for measuring the self-efficacy of parents that manage their children’s health conditions.

Methods
We adapted the existing Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) adult self-efficacy healthcare measure to parental voice. First, a targeted literature review informed rephrasing of the adult items and identification of new pediatric-specific content. The initial item pool was revised based on input from 12 multidisciplinary experts. Next cognitive interviews of adapted items were simultaneously conducted with English and Spanish-speaking parents of pediatric patients with a range of chronic and/or disabling conditions recruited from a Midwestern children’s hospital to finalize the measure.

Results
Findings resulted in an initial item pool of 33 pediatric-specific items which were narrowed to 31 draft items based on expert input. Parent cognitive interview findings (N = 26) informed further item reduction resulting in a final measure consisting of 30 items representing nine domains. Fourteen items are relevant to children regardless of condition severity (e.g., health care information/decision making; symptom identification/management) and 16 items are relevant to children with specific health care needs (e.g., medication usage, equipment).

Conclusion
We conducted a first step in developing a condition-agnostic, PRO measure of parental self-efficacy managing their children’s chronic and/or disabling conditions that is acceptable and understandable to English and Spanish-speaking parents.
The anti-tumor drug 2-hydroxyoleic acid regulates the oncogenic potassium channel Kv10.1
Authors: Morán-Zendejas Rita , Rodríguez-Menchaca Aldo A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
2-hydroxyoleic acid (2OHOA) is a synthetic fatty acid with antitumor properties that alters membrane composition and structure, which in turn influences the functioning of membrane proteins and cell signaling. In this study, we propose a novel antitumoral mechanism of 2OHOA accomplished through the regulation of Kv10.1 channels. We evaluated the effects of 2OHOA on Kv10.1 channels expressed in HEK-293 cells by using electrophysiological techniques and a cell proliferation assay.

Results
2OHOA increased Kv10.1 channel currents in a voltage-dependent manner, shifted its conductance-voltage relationship towards negative potentials, and accelerated its activation kinetics. Moreover, 2OHOA reduced proliferation of cells that exogenously (HEK-293) and endogenously (MCF-7) expressed Kv10.1 channels. It is worth noting that the antiproliferative effect of 2OHOA was maintained in HEK-293 cells expressing a non-conducting mutant of Kv10.1 channel (Kv10.1-F456A), while it did not affect HEK-293 cells not expressing Kv10.1 channels, suggesting that 2OHOA interferes with a non-conducting function of Kv10.1 channels involved in cell proliferation. Finally, we found that 2OHOA can act synergistically with astemizole, a Kv10.1 channel blocker, to decrease cell proliferation more efficiently.

Conclusion
Our data suggest that 2OHOA decreases cell proliferation, at least in part, by regulating Kv10.1 channels.
Monkeypox outbreak in the post-eradication era of smallpox
Authors: Kandra Naga Vishnu , Varghese Anjaly Mary , Uppala Praveen Kumar , Uttaravelli Upendrarao , Lavanya Butti , Shabana S. K. M. , Somarouthu Venkata Saibaba , Balijepalli Murali Krishna 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHuman monkeypox (MPOX) which recently hit the headlines is a rare, emerging zoonotic disease, only next to smallpox yet never attended adequately to halt the epidemic outbreak threat. MPOX is caused byOrthopox virus, which is a double-stranded, linear DNA virus, transmitted from infected animals, commonly rodents to humans. Monkeypox is endemic to the tropical jungles in Central-West Africa; occasional cases reported in other nations could be due to people traveling from endemic regions of MPOX. Transmission may occur via direct contact with human body secretions, cutaneous or mucosal lesions in the mouth or throat or respiratory droplets, and contaminated objects. Typical MPOX symptoms are fever, lymphadenopathy, skin rashes, intense headache, muscle, back pain, etc. Lesions can range from a few to numerous and may be filled with clear or yellowish fluid that later dries up or crusts, eventually falling off. MPOX is often considered as infrequent and self-limiting; nonetheless, the latest sporadic reports call for urgent vigilance, precautionary preparedness, and immediate response. Paucity of the data available about MPOX virus diversity and incomplete information on validated management protocols instigate a sense of impending danger and loom large as a global health emergency. MPOX is a completely preventable infection, and this article will cater to the need for creating general awareness and developing cutting-edge surveillance measures to curtail the spread of the disease. Genomic investigations of new cases of MPOX must be undertaken to check for mutations which can lead to higher human susceptibility. Local health stakeholders and clinicians should emphasize early identification and give out appropriate treatment as per the existing protocol
Application of a rehabilitation program for executive functions in a sample of Egyptian children with learning disorder
Authors: Elhakeem Engy Samy , Ibrahim Soha Abd Elatif Ahmed , El-Maghraby Riham Mohamed , Fouad Ahmed Abd El Aal 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, significant progress has been made on ways to improve executive function (EF) skills for school readiness involving direct EF training and classroom educational programs. Due to the absence of a well-structured Arabic program for EF training in children, the rationale of this study is to implement a comprehensive, evidence-based intervention program to help Egyptian children with learning disorders to overcome their EF impairment. It uses the multimodality approach to help meet the needs of students with a variety of learning styles. The aim of this study is to adapt the combined form of the “Executive Functions Training-Elementary” and the “Promoting Executive Function In The Classroom” programs and its application to test its effectiveness in the rehabilitation of Egyptian learning-disordered children.

Results
The results showed significant improvement in the Arabic version of Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale, Children and Adolescents long-form (BDEFS-CA) scores for executive functions (EF) evaluation (executive function summery score from 228.63 to 213.77 with p-value < 0.001), and it also showed significant improvement in the Arabic dyslexia assessment test (ADAT) scores (from 1.89 to 1.33 with p-value < 0.001) for dyslexia evaluation.

Conclusion
The study concluded that designing an Arabic rehabilitation program specific for executive function difficulties was effective for improving both EF deficits and dyslexia, but there is a need for further studies comparing this program to other methods of traditional interventions.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT05476133, approved on 26 July 2022. Register name is the following: application of a rehabilitation program for executive functions in a sample of Egyptian children with learning disorder.
Behavioral Changes in Patients With Prader-Willi Syndrome Can Mask Severe Physical Illness
Authors: Van Loo Liselotte , Vogels Annick , Rochtus Anne 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Behavioral and psychiatric problems are common in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), while physical complaints such as pain, fever, and vomiting are rare due to a high pain threshold and dysregulation of temperature control. PWS patients have an increased mortality rate, some due to undiagnosed life-threatening diseases. We describe 2 patients with PWS whose behavioral changes, initially thought to be part of their behavioral phenotype, delayed the final diagnosis of a life-threatening underlying illness. A 13-year-old girl with PWS presented with a sudden change in behavior including aggression, scratching, and self-injury. She was seen by several health care providers, and after 5 months the diagnosis of pyosalpinx was made, for which laparoscopic resection of an infected tailgut cyst was performed, resolving the behavioral symptoms. A 38-year-old man with PWS presented with recurrent vague inguinal pain and nonepileptic seizures. After several years of consulting physicians and psychiatrists, including several hospital admissions, the diagnosis of bilateral inguinal hernia was made. After surgical correction, the pain and seizures ceased. In PWS patients presenting with unexplained behavioral changes and unusual somatic complaints, clinicians should perform an extensive clinical examination and consider underlying physical illness rather than attribute the problem to the behavioral phenotype.
Associations Between Repeated Measures of Urinary Phthalate Metabolites With Hormones and Timing of Natural Menopause
Authors: Ding Ning , Zheutlin Emily , Harlow Siobán D , Randolph John F , Mukherjee Bhramar , Park Sung Kyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhthalates, ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals, may affect ovarian folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis. We examined the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with hormones including estradiol, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and timing of natural menopause in midlife women. Data were from 1189 multiracial/multiethnic women aged 45 to 56 years without hormone therapy from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Urinary concentrations of 12 phthalate metabolites and hormones were repeatedly measured in 1999 to 2000 and 2002 to 2003, resulting in a total of 2111 observations. Linear mixed-effect models were used to calculate percentage differences (%D) and 95% CIs in serum concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, FSH, SHBG, and AMH. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of natural menopause. We observed statistically significant associations of phthalate metabolites with lower testosterone concentrations: MCOP with testosterone (%D: −2.08%; 95% CI, −3.66 to −0.47) and MnBP with testosterone (%D: −1.99%; 95% CI, −3.82 to −0.13), after adjusting for multiple comparisons with false discovery rates less than 5%. Lower AMH concentrations were also found with higher MECPP (%D: −14.26%; 95% CI, −24.10 to −3.14), MEHHP (%D: −15.58%; 95% CI, −24.59 to −5.50), and MEOHP (%D: −13.50%; 95% CI, −22.93 to −2.90). No associations were observed for other hormones or timing of natural menopause. These results suggest that exposure to phthalates may affect circulating levels of testosterone and diminish the ovarian reserve in midlife women. Given the widespread exposure, reduced exposure to phthalates may be a key step to prevent reproductive effects of phthalates.
The development of a digital twin concept system
Authors: Duan Hyman , Gao Su , Yang Xu , Li Yuanlin 
Published: February 2023

Background: Digital twins are gaining ever-increasing attention from academies and industries to standardization bodies worldwide owing to their great capabilities and fundamental values in the coming fourth industrial revolution. However, there is no consistent set of definitions or concept system of the digital twin domain yet. Especially, the polysemy problem of the term “digital twin” is leading to ambiguities and an obstacle to standardization. Methods: This paper summarizes the principles and guidelines of developing a concept system mentioned in two international standards, enriches them to a methodology of developing a concept system with (1) system thinking viewpoints and systems engineering methods, (2) procedures for analyzing the semantic relationships among candidate superordinate concepts, and (3) a three-dimensional taxonomy framework with procedures of developing a taxonomy, and proposed a maturity level model for terminology work which offers a high-level vision of digital twin terminology work. Results: This paper analyzes the polysemy phenomenon of the term "digital twin” and identifies the necessity to differentiate digital twin entity and digital twin system from the general term “digital twin”. After analyzing twenty-one definitions of digital twin and summarizing ten superordinate concepts from them, this paper proposes that a digital twin entity is a kind of digital asset rather than digital representation. Based on the new superordinate concept and definition of digital twin entity, a systematic digital twin concept system is developed with one hundred concepts and fifty definitions. Conclusions: This work resolves the polysemy problem of the term “digital twin” and demonstrates the effectiveness of the enhanced methodology of developing a concept system. The proposed digital twin concept system could be a benchmark for future digital twin terminology work and useful input to the development of digital twin system reference architecture standard and lays a solid foundation for future concept systems development of other domains.
Global landscape of randomized controlled trials responding to the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review protocol
Authors: Inada Mai , Ichihara Naoaki , Saito Hiroki 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Evidence-based care is challenging during public health crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, although the tremendous number of clinical trials were conducted, small trials were prevalent, which posed the risk of duplication, heterogeneity, underreporting and limited applicability of the trial results to patients in the clinical setting. These factors are known to potentially jeopardize the efficient production of scientific data for evidence-based care. The objective of this review is to critically appraise the characteristics of randomized controlled trials related to COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines. This article is a protocol for literature review. Methods: This review will include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on therapeutics and vaccines for COVID-19. Therapeutics include a single drug or a combination of multiple drugs for COVID-19. Non-human trials will be excluded. The search strategy is designed for identifying publication of study results in peer-review journals. Databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of science and CINAHL. Two or more independent reviewers will screen identified publications for inclusion/exclusion and retrieve data including standard information of studies and specific details about RCT designs as well as reporting, for which we will follow the set of information in international trial registries and the CONSORT statement. Discussion: It remains unclear what should be improved or strengthened for ecosystems of clinical trials for future pandemics. This review is expected to provide a landscape of RCTs related to COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines and to explicitly show successful factors for evidence generation in response to pandemics.
Systematic review of diagnostic and prognostic host blood transcriptomic signatures of tuberculosis disease in people living with HIV
Authors: Mendelsohn Simon C , Verhage Savannah , Mulenga Humphrey , Scriba Thomas J , Hatherill Mark 
Published: February 2023

Background HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB) has high mortality; however, current triage and prognostic tools offer poor sensitivity and specificity, respectively. We conducted a systematic review of diagnostic and prognostic host-blood transcriptomic signatures of TB in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods We systematically searched online databases for studies published in English between 1990-2020. Eligible studies included PLHIV of any age in test or validation cohorts, and used microbiological or composite reference standards for TB diagnosis. Inclusion was not restricted by setting or participant age. Study selection, quality appraisal using the QUADAS-2 tool, and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. Thereafter, narrative synthesis of included studies, and comparison of signatures performance, was performed. Results We screened 1,580 records and included 12 studies evaluating 31 host-blood transcriptomic signatures in 10 test or validation cohorts of PLHIV that differentiated individuals with TB from those with HIV alone, latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, or other diseases (OD). Two (2/10; 20%) cohorts were prospective (29 TB cases; 51 OD) and 8 (80%) case-control (353 TB cases; 606 controls) design. All cohorts (10/10) were recruited in Sub-Saharan Africa and 9/10 (90%) had a high risk of bias. Ten signatures (10/31; 32%) met minimum WHO Target Product Profile (TPP) criteria for TB triage tests. Only one study (1/12; 8%) evaluated prognostic performance of a transcriptomic signature for progression to TB in PLHIV, which did not meet the minimum WHO prognostic TPP. Conclusions Generalisability of reported findings is limited by few studies enrolling PLHIV, limited geographical diversity, and predominantly case-control design, which also introduces spectrum bias. New prospective cohort studies are needed that include PLHIV and are conducted in diverse settings. Further research exploring the effect of HIV clinical, virological, and immunological factors on diagnostic performance is necessary for development and implementation of TB transcriptomic signatures in PLHIV.
Hospital residents’ perception of mentorship as influencing clinical leadership: a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews
Authors: McWalter Patricia , AlKhenizan Abdullah , Ahmad Marium 
Published: February 2023

Background: In this study, we explored how doctors in training perceive mentorship and leadership and whether they believed that mentoring influences the development of leadership skills. The study also addressed whether certain leadership styles lend themselves better to mentoring. Methods: A qualitative research method was employed in this study and ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), after which twelve hospital residents were recruited using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted by the authors and thematic data analysis was performed. Results: Three themes emerged and were later refined, using Braun and Clarke’s 2006 thematic analysis method: 1. Purpose of mentorship, with sub themes: a. Expectations, b. Perception of mentorship as supervision, and c. The role of mentorship, including informal mentoring in leadership development 2. Role of mentorship in leadership development. 3. Perceptions of a leader, with sub-themes: a. The leader as a manager, b. The leader as a role model, and c. The merits of different leadership styles. Discussion: Most of the residents (doctors in training) viewed mentorship in a positive way. However, when the mentor was perceived more as a supervisor, the usefulness of mentoring was less clear. However, they found that informal mentoring would contribute to leadership skills and would inspire them to become leaders themselves. They were likely to be influenced positively when they saw the leader as a role model, rather than a manager.
The influence of socioeconomic status on the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and adverse health outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Foster Hamish M.E. , Polz Peter , Gill Jason M.R. , Celis-Morales Carlos , Mair Frances S. , O'Donnell Catherine A. 
Published: February 2023

Background: Combinations of lifestyle factors (LFs) and socioeconomic status (SES) are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and mortality. Less advantaged SES groups may be disproportionately vulnerable to unhealthy LFs but interactions between LFs and SES remain poorly understood. This review aimed to synthesise the available evidence for whether and how SES modifies associations between combinations of LFs and adverse health outcomes. Methods: Systematic review of studies that examine associations between combinations of >3 LFs and health outcomes and report data on SES influences on associations. Databases (PubMed/EMBASE/CINAHL), references, forward citations, and grey-literature were searched from inception to December 2021. Eligibility criteria were analyses of prospective adult cohorts that examined all-cause mortality or CVD or cancer mortality/incidence. Results: Six studies (n=42,467–399,537; 46.5–56.8 years old; 54.6–59.3% women) of five cohorts were included. All examined all-cause mortality; three assessed CVD/cancer outcomes. Four studies observed multiplicative interactions between LFs and SES, but in opposing directions. Two studies tested for additive interactions; interactions were observed in one cohort (UK Biobank) and not in another (NHANES). All-cause mortality HRs (95% CIs) for unhealthy LFs (versus healthy LFs) from the most advantaged SES groups ranged from 0.68 (0.32–1.45) to 4.17 (2.27–7.69). Equivalent estimates from the least advantaged ranged from 1.30 (1.13–1.50) to 4.00 (2.22–7.14). In 19 analyses (including sensitivity analyses) of joint associations between LFs, SES, and all-cause mortality, highest all-cause mortality was observed in the unhealthiest LF-least advantaged suggesting an additive effect. Conclusions: Limited and heterogenous literature suggests that the influence of SES on associations between combinations of unhealthy LFs and adverse health could be additive but remains unclear. Additional prospective analyses would help clarify whether SES modifies associations between combinations of unhealthy LFs and health outcomes. Registration: Protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020172588; 25 June 2020).