bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on soil organic matter priming and net carbon balance in alpine meadows
Authors: Li Jin Hua , Han Yong Wei , Ye Lu Feng , Deng Hao Dan , Gao Xin Ting , Soromotin Andrey V. , Kuzyakov Yakov , Knops Johannes M. H. , Abbott Lynette K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFertilizers‐induced priming effects of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition influences net carbon balance and nutrient release. We hypothesize that very strong limitation of plant productivity and microbial activities by nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), common in Tibetan meadows, retard SOM decomposition and turnover. Consequently, N and/or P fertilization will induce priming effects of SOM and have implications for carbon balance. Soils from a nine‐year fertilization experiment (N alone, P alone, NP together, and control) from a Tibetan alpine meadow were used to investigate priming effect of SOM and carbon balance after addition of 13C labeled glucose. N and/or P fertilization acidified soil by 0.5 pH unit, decreased SOM content, and increased total and available N, total P. Regardless of fertilization, glucose addition accelerated SOM decomposition with priming effects of 30–60 μg C g−1 soil during 78 days. Alleviation of N and P limitation by N and NP fertilization lowered the priming effect by 17% and 14%, respectively, but P fertilization increased priming effect by 67%. The negative correlation of priming effect intensity with SOM, nitrate or total N, and microbial biomass contents indicated that fertilization‐induced differences in soil N and the microbial community are responsible for the priming effects. Positive correlation of carbon balance with total N and ammonium contents suggested that soil N accounts for carbon sequestration. Therefore, long‐term N and/or P fertilization accelerate SOM decomposition and reduce SOM storage in alpine meadows, of which P fertilization induces the highest priming effect and the lowest SOM storage.
Mercury stable isotopes reveal sources of methylmercury and prey in giant Pacific bluefin tuna from the western North Pacific Ocean
Authors: He Xiaoshuai , Chen Yi‐Sheng , Ang Shin‐Jing , Shiao Jen‐Chieh , Tseng Chun‐Mao , Reinfelder John R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSources of methylmercury (MeHg) in adult Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis, PBT) from the western North Pacific Ocean (WPO) were examined using mercury stable isotopes. Significant increases in δ202Hg and Δ199Hg values with PBT size and age, along with those of potential prey, indicate a shift in the source of MeHg accumulated by PBT as they age. Among adults from the WPO, this shift likely involves greater accumulation of MeHg from epipelagic prey in the Kuroshio extension in large vs. small and medium‐sized PBT. For all adults, little MeHg is accumulated in the spawning grounds near Taiwan. Significantly lower Δ199Hg/Δ201Hg ratios in adult PBT and their prey from the WPO than from the central and eastern North Pacific indicate different sources or transformations of MeHg prior to accumulation in the WPO food web than further east. Our results show that MeHg sources to oceanic food webs vary across the North Pacific Ocean and regionally within the WPO.
Fragment‐based deep molecular generation using hierarchical chemical graph representation and multi‐resolution graph variational autoencoder
Authors: Gao Zhenxiang , Wang Xinyu , Blumenfeld Gaines Blake , Shi Xuetao , Bi Jinbo , Song Minghu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGraph generative models have recently emerged as an interesting approach to construct molecular structures atom‐by‐atom or fragment‐by‐fragment. In this study, we adopt the fragment‐based strategy and decompose each input molecule into a set of small chemical fragments. In drug discovery, a few drug molecules are designed by replacing certain chemical substituents with their bioisosteres or alternative chemical moieties. This inspires us to group decomposed fragments into different fragment clusters according to their local structural environment around bond‐breaking positions. In this way, an input structure can be transformed into an equivalent three‐layer graph, in which individual atoms, decomposed fragments, or obtained fragment clusters act as graph nodes at each corresponding layer. We further implement a prototype model, named multi‐resolution graph variational autoencoder (MRGVAE), to learn embeddings of constituted nodes at each layer in a fine‐to‐coarse order. Our decoder adopts a similar but conversely hierarchical structure. It first predicts the next possible fragment cluster, then samples an exact fragment structure out of the determined fragment cluster, and sequentially attaches it to the preceding chemical moiety. Our proposed approach demonstrates comparatively good performance in molecular evaluation metrics compared with several other graph‐based molecular generative models. The introduction of the additional fragment cluster graph layer will hopefully increase the odds of assembling new chemical moieties absent in the original training set and enhance their structural diversity. We hope that our prototyping work will inspire more creative research to explore the possibility of incorporating different kinds of chemical domain knowledge into a similar multi‐resolution neural network architecture.
Worries and anxiety in parents of adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study‐Parents
Authors: Christen Salome , Roser Katharina , Harju Erika , Gumy‐Pause Fabienne , Mader Luzius , Vetsch Janine , von Bueren Andre O. , Michel Gisela 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveHaving a child diagnosed with cancer is distressing for parents. We aimed to compare worries and anxiety in parents of adult childhood cancer survivors with parents of the Swiss general population (GP‐parents), and to evaluate characteristics associated with worry in parents of survivors.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide, population‐based study in parents of survivors (survivors aged ≥20 years at study, ≤16 years at diagnosis, >5 years post diagnosis) and GP‐parents (≥1 child aged ≥20 years at study). We used the Worry and Anxiety Questionnaire (WAQ), and computed the WAQ total score (worries; possible range 0–80) and caseness for generalized anxiety disorder (anxiety), cognitive, somatic, and any criteria. We used multilevel, multivariable linear regression to identify characteristics associated with worries in parents of survivors.ResultsWe included 787 parents of 513 survivors (41.0% fathers) and 478 GP‐parents (42.3% fathers). Parents of survivors and GP‐parents did not differ regarding worries (16.6 vs. 17.1, p = .977), anxiety (2.7% vs. 3.6%, p = .536), cognitive (p = .440), and somatic criteria (p = .067). Less parents of survivors met any criteria (17.7% vs. 24.0%, p = .039). Half of parents reported current cancer‐related worries. Higher cancer‐related worries were reported by mothers (β = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.0–6.2), parents with one child (β = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.0–9.7), currently experiencing disadvantages because of their child's former disease (β = 7.3; 95% CI: 4.0–10.6), or with support needs (β = 9.0; 95% CI: 3.9–14.2; p = .001).ConclusionsIt is encouraging that most parents of adult survivors report similar worries and anxiety as GP‐parents, but cancer‐related worries are still prevalent. Efforts should be made to empower parents to seek psycho‐social support if required.
Mediating role of psychological resilience between social support and negative emotions in nursing interns in the post‐COVID‐19 era: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Chen Mengjie , Liu Man , Wang Xiaoxia , Pu Lihui , Zhang Mingjiao , Wang Qin , Tang Hongxia , Zhong Mengting , Li Zhe , Zeng Jing , Xiong Zhenzhen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing burden of mental health problems continues in the post‐COVID‐19 era, and nursing interns were particularly likely to experience negative emotions during the pandemic. Both psychological resilience and social support affect negative emotion, but the relationship among the three has not been explored in nursing interns in the postpandemic era.ObjectivesTo explore the current prevalence of negative emotions among nursing interns and the role of psychological resilience in mediating the relationship between social support and negative emotions in the postpandemic era.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of 788 nursing interns was conducted. The instruments included Psychological Resilience Scale, Social Support Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale and Beck Depression Scale. Structural equation modeling was applied to analyze the mediating role of psychological resilience.ResultsThe prevalence of anxiety disorder among nursing interns was 24.7%, while that of depression was 10.5%. Pearson correlation analysis showed that both social support and psychological resilience negatively correlated with negative emotions, while psychological resilience positively correlated with social support. Psychological resilience showed a partial mediating effect (53.9%) between social support and negative emotion, with an effect value of −0.1456.ConclusionPsychological resilience and social support protect nursing students from negative emotions, and psychological resilience partially mediates the relationship between social support and negative emotion in the postpandemic era.
Comparative proteomics of saliva of healthy and gingivitis individuals from Rio de Janeiro
Authors: da Silva Carlos Vinicius Ferreira , Bacila Sade Youssef , Naressi Scapin Sandra Mara , da Silva‐Boghossian Carina M. , de Oliveira Santos Eidy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeIn this work, we identified human and bacterial proteomes in the saliva from volunteers with gingivitis or healthy.Experimental DesignThe reported population consisted of 18 volunteers (six with gingivitis and 12 healthy controls). Proteomics characterization was performed using a quantitative mass spectrometry method.ResultsA total of 74 human and 116 bacterial proteins were identified in saliva. The major functional category that was modified in the human proteome was the immune response, followed by transport and protease inhibition. In the bacterial proteome, most of the proteins identified were from the Fusobacteria phylum, followed by Chlamydiae and Spirochaetes.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceWe observed statistically relevant differences in the data between the groups. The 15 most important human proteins affecting the variation between case and control groups included cystatin S, alpha amylase, lactotransferrin, and negative elongation factor E. We found that bacterial proteins from Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum related to the red and orange complexes were closely correlated with the occurrence of periodontal diseases.
Status of the biopesticide market and prospects for new bioherbicides
Authors: Marrone Pamela G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBiopesticides (commonly called Biocontrol or more recently bioprotection) have been experiencing double digit growth and now comprise about 10% of the global pesticide market driven by increased return on investment, restrictions on chemical pesticides, and pesticide resistance and residue management. However, despite the large need for new herbicides due to widespread and increasing resistance to herbicides with almost most of the chemical modes of action, bioherbicides are an insignificant percentage of the total. The technical difficulty in finding bioherbicides that can compete with the spectrum and price of chemical herbicides has left agriculture with a paucity of new bioherbicides. Billions of dollars of investment capital are being invested in new, innovative startups, but only a small number focus on bioherbicide discovery and development, due to a perception of higher risk than plant biotech, biostimulants, bionutrients and other categories of biopesticides. However, the exciting new technologies that these startups are developing such as RNAi, sterile pollen, and systemic metabolites have potential to impact the market in 10 years or less. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
An adaptive sliding mode fault‐tolerant control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle with actuator faults and model uncertainties
Authors: Wang Ban , Shen Yanyan , Li Ni , Zhang Youmin , Gao Zhenghong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn adaptive sliding mode fault‐tolerant control strategy is proposed for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle in this article to accommodate actuator faults and model uncertainties. First, a new reaching law is proposed, with which a sliding mode control (SMC) law is constructed. The proposed reaching law is made up of a sliding variable and the distance between it and a designated boundary layer, and it can effectively suppress the unexpected control chattering while preserving the necessary system tracking performance. Then, an adaptive SMC scheme is proposed to further solve the fault and uncertainty compensation problem. The proposed adaptation law helps to prevent overestimation of the adaptive control parameters, as well as avoiding control chattering. Finally, a number of comparative simulation tests are carried out to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy. The demonstrated quantitative comparison results confirm its advantages.
Spatial scales in instream flow modeling: Why and how to use ecologically appropriate resolutions
Authors: Railsback Steven F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper discusses why and how to use ecologically appropriate spatial resolutions (e.g., cell size or range of cell sizes) when modeling instream flow effects on aquatic animals. Resolution is important because relations between habitat and animal habitat use vary with spatial resolution, and different habitat variables may best predict habitat use at different resolutions. Using appropriate resolutions consistently would bring clarity and coherence to how we quantify and model habitat characteristics and habitat use by fish, facilitate the use of standard and more credible measures of habitat preference, incorporate more fisheries knowledge to improve models for different kinds of fish, and avoid well‐known (and perhaps unknown) biases. Doing so involves describing habitat, and habitat use by fish, with spatially explicit measures with clear resolutions; using the same resolution for physical habitat and fish habitat use; selecting that resolution for ecological reasons; and using habitat variables and fish observation methods appropriate for the resolution. The choice of resolution considers factors such as how much space fish use for specific activities and the size of important habitat patches. For drift‐feeders, cell sizes and fish habitat use observations should use a resolution no smaller than feeding territories. Piscivores typically hunt over large areas so should be modeled with larger habitat units. Models of small and less‐mobile organisms (e.g., benthic invertivores) may need fine resolutions to capture the small areas of unusual habitat they depend on. Because of such differences, instream flow studies (like any spatial ecology exercise) should clearly state what resolution(s) they use and why.
Semiconducting Titanate Supported Ruthenium Clusterzymes for Ultrasound‐Amplified Biocatalytic Tumor Nanotherapies
Authors: Zhu Huang , Deng Jiuhong , Yuan Minjia , Rong Xiao , Xiang Xi , Du Fangxue , Luo Xianglin , Cheng Chong , Qiu Li 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe external‐stimulation‐induced reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS) generation has attracted increasing attention in therapeutics for malignant tumors. However, engineering a nanoplatform that integrates with efficient biocatalytic ROS generation, ultrasound‐amplified ROS production, and simultaneous relief of tumor hypoxia is still a great challenge. Here, we create new semiconducting titanate‐supported Ru clusterzymes (RuNC/BTO) for ultrasound‐amplified biocatalytic tumor nanotherapies. The morphology and chemical/electronic structure analysis prove that the biocatalyst consists of Ru nanoclusters that are tightly stabilized by Ru‐O coordination on BaTiO3. The peroxidase (POD)‐ and halogenperoxidase‐like biocatalysis reveals that the RuNC/BTO can produce abundant •O2− radicals. Notably, the RuNC/BTO exhibits the highest turnover number (63.29 × 10−3 s−1) among the state‐of‐the‐art POD‐mimics. Moreover, the catalase‐like activity of the RuNC/BTO facilitates the decomposition of H2O2 to produce O2 for relieving the hypoxia of the tumor and amplifying the ROS level via ultrasound irradiation. Finally, the systematic cellular and animal experiments have validated that the multi‐modal strategy presents superior tumor cell‐killing effects and suppression abilities. We believe that this work will offer an effective clusterzyme that can adapt to the tumor microenvironment‐specific catalytic therapy and also provide a new pathway for engineering high‐performance ROS production materials across broad therapeutics and biomedical fields.
Sandwich Structured Metal oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Metal Oxide‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Enables Continuous Inorganic–Organic Interphase for Fast Lithium‐Ion Transportation
Authors: Zhang Wanyu , Su Zhe , Yi Shan , Chen Hongli , Wang Meihuang , Niu Bo , Zhang Yayun , Long Donghui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroducing inorganic fillers into organic poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)‐based electrolyte has attracted substantial attention to enhance its ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, but limited inorganic–organic interphases are always caused by isolated particles agglomeration. Herein, a variety of sandwich structured metal oxide/reduced graphene oxide(rGO)/metal oxide nanocomposites to optimize lithium‐ion conduction by interconnected amorphous organic–inorganic interphases in lithium metal batteries, are proposed. With the support of high surface area rGO, the agglomeration of metal oxide particles is precluded, forming continuous amorphous organic–inorganic interphases with stacked layer‐by‐layer structure, thus creating 3D interconnected lithium‐ion transportation channels vertically and laterally. Besides, metal oxide nanoparticles with hydroxyls possess high affinity toward bis(tri‐fluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anions by hydrogen bindings between hydroxyls and fluorine and metal‐oxygen bonds, releasing more free lithium ions. Consequently, PEO‐ZnO/rGO/ZnO electrolyte delivers superior ionic conductivity of 1.02 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C and lithium‐ion transference number of 0.38 at 60 °C. Furthermore, ZnO/rGO/ZnO insertion promotes the formation of LiF‐rich stable solid electrolyte interface, endowing Li symmetric cells with long‐term cycling stability over 900 hours. The corresponding LiFePO4 cathode possesses a high reversible specific capacity of 130 mAh g−1 at 0.5C after cycling 300 cycles with a poor capacity fading of 0.05% per cycle.
A grounded theory of selecting lean and agile practices for software development
Authors: Alqudah Mashal Kasem , Razali Rozilawati , Alqudah Musab Kasim , Al Dalaien Muawya N. , Alabool Hamzeh Mohammad , Alkhazaleh Hamzah Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe practices of lean and agile methods are important to manage and guide projects development in different situations. However, selecting the appropriate practices of lean and agile methods is a daunting task, owing to the availability of hundreds of practices. This wide variety of available practices bewilders potential users, in terms of the best practices that may yield satisfactory solution when applied to the project development. Lean and agile practices selection model is necessary to guide both academic and industrial experts to choose the appropriate practices for a specific project development. Thus, this study aimed to develop lean and agile practices selection (LAPS) model that presents a clear picture of how developers can use LAPS model to select and adopt different practices from various lean and agile methods. Qualitative research method (e.g., grounded theory) was used to interview 18 software developers across 13 countries. The validated qualitative analysis results showed that the proposed LAPS model consists of two main components, which are (1) lean and agile practices that include 41 best practices related to lean and agile methods and (2) factors that affect the process of lean and agile practices selection including five main factors and 17 subfactors associated with the five main factors. The two case studies conducted assured the validity and applicability of the lean and agile practices selection model.
SmartCLIDEdesign pattern assistant: Adecision‐treebased approach
Authors: Polyzoidou Eleni , Papagiannaki Evangelia , Nikolaidis Nikolaos , Ampatzoglou Apostolos , Mittas Nikolaos , Arvanitou Elvira Maria , Chatzigeorgiou Alexander , Manolis George , Manganopoulou Evdoxia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDesign patterns are well‐known solutions to recurring design problems that are widely adopted in the software industry, either as formal means of communication or as a way to improve structural quality, enabling proper software extension. However, the adoption and correct instantiation of patterns is not a trivial task and requires substantial design experience. Some patterns are conceptually close or present similar design alternatives, leading novice developers to improper pattern selection, thereby reducing maintainability. Additionally, the mis‐instantiation of a GoF (Gang‐of‐Four) design pattern, leads to phenomena such as pattern grime or architecture decay. To alleviate this problem, in this work we propose an approach that can help software engineers to more easily and safely select the proper design pattern, for a given design problem. The approach relies on decision trees, which are constructed using domain knowledge, while options are conveyed to software engineers through an Eclipse Theia plugin. To assess the usefulness and the perceived benefits of the approach, as well as the usability of the tool support, we have conducted an industrial validation study, using various data collection methods, such as questionnaires, focus groups, and task analysis. The results of the study suggest that the proposed approach is promising, since it increases the probability of the proper pattern being selected, and various useful future work suggestions have been obtained by the practitioners.
Effect of Different Pre‐Gelatinization Treatments on the Properties of Acidified Mung Bean Starch
Authors: Lang Shuangjing , Gao Fei , Li Xiaoqiang , Liu Ying , Zhang Hongwei , Wang Lidong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrowave radiation processing technology is an emerging technology with good penetration, uniform heating, and rapidity characteristics. After microwave wet heat treatment, the viscosity of starch decreased, and the gelatinization temperature changed the granule morphology, crystalline properties, and chemical structure of starch, resulting in changes in the physical and chemical properties of starch. It can effectively improve the sensory quality of food and prolong the shelf life of starch products. It is widely used in food, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and other industries. The pre‐gelatinized starch showed irregular shape, rough surface, and apparent edges and corners. Moreover, the starch particles' crystal structure is destroyed, crystallinity decreased to 11.43%–14.91%, and no new groups are formed. The starch granules changed from an ordered structure to a disordered structure, and the order degree decreased to 0.998–1.025. The enthalpy decreased to 2.22–4.32 J/g, the gelatinization temperature increased to 88.53–94.43 °, and the viscosity decreased significantly. After pre‐gelatinization, the amylose content decreased to 13.84%–16.25%. At 90 °, the solubility and swelling degree decreased to 2.48%–7.33% and 16.80%–17.81%, respectively. The freeze‐thaw water precipitation rate increased to 41.92%–59.35%, the water‐holding capacity increased by 3 times and transparency increased to 93.60%–95.84%.