bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to household dysfunction at childhood and later number of teeth among older Japanese adults: A life course study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study
Authors: Abbas Hazem , Takeuchi Kenji , Kiuchi Sakura , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate the life course association between exposure to two household dysfunctions (father violence against mother and parental divorce) at childhood (≤18 years) with later number of remaining teeth (≥65 years) in functionally independent older Japanese population. This was the first study to investigate this research question in the Asian context.MethodsThe Japan Gerontological Evaluation study (JAGES) self‐reported retrospective data gathered in 2013 was used (n = 21,604). Each household dysfunction was binary variable (Yes/No), while the five categories of the number of remaining teeth were ≥20, 10–19, 5–9, 1–4, and no teeth. Sex‐stratified ordered logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratios (OR) of having fewer teeth. The models were adjusted for age, economic adversity in childhood, educational attainment, comorbidities, and smoking status.ResultsOverall, 46.4% were men and a total of 1149 participants (5.3%) experienced household dysfunction at childhood [men = 642 (6.4%), women = 507 (4.4%)]. The regression models showed higher OR of having fewer teeth among men who experienced a household dysfunction [OR = 1.16; 95% Confidence interval (CI) = 1.00–1.36] than men who did not. This association was not observed among women [OR = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.79–1.13]. Similar magnitude and direction of the association was observed among men but not among women when the two components of household dysfunction were used separately and aggregately as exposure variables.ConclusionAn exposure to a household dysfunction at childhood was associated with having fewer teeth in later life among men but not among women.
Does smoking influence tryptophan metabolism in periodontal inflammation? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Önder Canan , Akdoğan Nihan , Kurgan Şivge , Balci Nur , Serdar Ceyhan Ceran , Serdar Muhittin A. , Günhan Meral 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the effects of smoking and periodontal inflammation on tryptophan‐kynurenine metabolism as well as the correlation between these findings and clinical periodontal parameters.BackgroundIt has been shown that the tryptophan amino acid's primary catabolic pathway, the kynurenine pathway (KP), may serve as a key biomarker for periodontal disease. Although there are studies investigating the effect of smoking on KYN‐TRP metabolism, the effect of smoking on periodontal disease through KP has not been revealed so far.MethodsThe salivary and serum samples were gathered from 24 nonsmoker (NS‐P) stage III, grade B generalized periodontitis and 22 smoker (S‐P) stage III, grade C generalized periodontitis patients, in addition to 24 nonsmoker (NS‐C) and 24 smoker (S‐C) periodontally healthy control individuals. Saliva and serum IL‐6, kynurenine (KYN), and tryptophan (TRP) values, and KYN/TRP ratio were analyzed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Clinical periodontal measurements were recorded.ResultsSalivary TRP values were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups than control groups (p < .05). Salivary KYN values were highest in NS‐P group (p < .05). Salivary KYN values did not differ significantly between periodontitis groups (p = .84). Salivary KYN/TRP ratio was significantly lower in NS‐P group compared to other groups (p < .001). Serum TRP value is higher in S‐P group than other groups; however, significant difference was found in S‐C group (p < .05). Serum KYN values were significantly lower in smokers than nonsmokers. Serum KYN/TRP ratio is higher in NS‐P group. NS‐P group has the highest salivary IL‐6 levels, NS‐C group has the lowest values (p < .05).ConclusionsOur results point out that smoking exacerbates inflammation in the periodontium and increases TRP destruction and decreases IDO activity by suppressing KP in serum. As a result, kynurenine and its metabolites may be significant biomarkers in the link between smoking and periodontal disease.
Triple Roles, Worship, and “Period Shaming”: How Muslim Women Maintain Belonging and Connection in Ramadan
Authors: Buckley Anisa , Carland Susan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRamadan is a time when Muslims experience an increased connection to God and an increased sense of belonging through communal acts of worship, but Muslim women are often excluded from many acts of worship due to religious restrictions while they are menstruating. This study innovatively applies concepts of “religious citizenship” and women's “triple roles” drawn from lived religion and feminist literature to a new context of Muslim women and their everyday practices. Based on research with more than 60 culturally diverse Melbourne Muslims who kept anonymous diaries before, during, and after Ramadan 2021, this analysis shows how Muslim women's understandings of religious belonging and connection in Ramadan are shaped by their own reconfigured approaches to worship and socialization alongside their everyday workload. It provides a unique opportunity to investigate the invisible challenges faced by Muslim women in worship and devotion during Ramadan.
Mind Attribution to Gods and Christians in the Chinese Cultural Context
Authors: Tian Qirui , Becker Maja , Hilton Denis 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrawing on the distinction in mind perception between agency and experience, this research examined whether and how culture‐based religion affects mind attribution to gods and Christians in a religious priming paradigm. When attributing mind to gods in Study 1, participants in the religious priming condition attributed more agency to gods than those in the neutral condition. When attributing mind to human religious targets in Study 2, religious participants in the religious priming condition attributed more experience to a Christian target than those in the neutral condition, while atheist participants in the religious priming condition attributed less experience to a Christian target than those in the neutral condition. In addition, religious participants in the religious priming condition attributed more experience to an atheist target than those in the neutral condition. Taken together, mind attribution to religious targets varied on agency and experience, and showed its own cultural features in China.
Texture term usage and hedonic ratings in two age‐diverse cohorts of Americans
Authors: Ma Kai Kai , Madhavan Aarthi , Etter Nicole M. , Hopfer Helene , Hayes John E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study explores the use of food texture terms by adults in the northeastern United States. The purpose of the study was to compare the effect of food texture on food liking and texture term usage among age groups via two complementary online surveys that differed in the specific task given to participants. Survey 1 gathered common food items associated with 25 texture terms using open‐ended questions from 345 participants (45% men, 55% women; age range = 20–79 years); it also collected liking scores for foods with these textures. Next, a new group of participants (n = 349, 46% men, 54% women; age range = 20–79 years) completed Survey 2, which asked them to match up to three texture terms to 32 different foods drawn from Survey 1, using a provided list of 35 texture terms. “Tough,” “Chalky,” and “Rubbery” had a negative impact on food liking scores while “Tender,” “Juicy,” and “Crispy” were associated with higher mean food liking scores. “Soft,” “Crunchy,” “Crispy,” “Juicy,” and “Greasy” were commonly used texture terms regardless of age. Within those aged 50–79 years, “Smooth,” “Tender,” “Crunchy,” “Soft,” “Moist,” “Crispy,” and “Creamy” were used more often while “Chalky,” “Rough,” “Mealy,” “Foamy/Airy,” “Gritty” were used less often. Our results identified commonly used texture terms and revealed differential usage in older and younger adults. These data deepen our understanding of the texture of foods in the modern food environment, highlighting how texture perception may vary with age.
Prevalence of antibiotic use for dogs and cats in United States veterinary teaching hospitals, August 2020
Authors: Beaudoin Amanda L. , Bollig Emma R. , Burgess Brandy A. , Cohn Leah A. , Cole Stephen D. , Dear Jonathan D. , Fellman Claire L. , Frey Erin , Goggs Robert , Johnston Andrea , Kreuder Amanda J. , KuKanich Kate S. , LeCuyer Tessa E. , Menard Julie , Reagan Krystle L. , Sykes Jane E. , Veir Julia K. , Viviano Katrina , Wayne Annie , Granick Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAwareness of prescribing practices helps identify opportunities to improve antibiotic use (AU).ObjectivesTo estimate AU prevalence in dogs and cats in U.S. veterinary teaching hospitals (VTHs) and identify antibiotic drugs commonly prescribed, indications for use, and evidence of bacterial infection.AnimalsMedical record data were collected from dogs and cats examined at 14 VTHs.MethodsData were collected from VTH medical records of dogs and cats examined by primary care, urgent care, emergency and critical care, internal medicine, and surgery services on a single day during August 13‐September 3, 2020. Data included signalment; clinical service; inpatient or outpatient status; clinical conditions; diagnostic tests; evidence of bacterial infection; intended reason for AU; name and route of antibiotics prescribed.ResultsOf 883 dogs and cats, 322 (36.5%) were prescribed at least 1 antibiotic. Among 285 antibiotics administered systemically intended for treatment of infection, 10.9% were prescribed without evidence of infection. The most common class of antibiotics presribed for systemic administration was potentiated penicillin for dogs (115/346, 33.3%) and cats (27/80, 33.8%). For dogs and cats, first‐generation cephalosporins (93/346, 26.9% and 11/80, 13.8%, respectively) and fluoroquinolones (51/346, 14.7% and 19/80, 23.8%, respectively) was second or third most‐prescribed. Common AU indications included skin, respiratory, and urinary conditions, and perioperative use.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCollaborative data collection provides a sustainable methodology to generate national AU prevalence estimates and bring attention to areas requiring additional research and detailed data collection. These efforts can also identify practice improvement opportunities in settings where future veterinarians are trained.
The role of salinity on genome‐wide DNA methylation dynamics in European sea bass gills
Authors: Blondeau‐Bidet Eva , Banousse Ghizlane , L'Honoré Thibaut , Farcy Emilie , Cosseau Céline , Lorin‐Nebel Catherine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEpigenetic modifications, like DNA methylation, generate phenotypic diversity in fish and ultimately lead to adaptive evolutionary processes. Euryhaline marine species that migrate between salinity‐contrasted habitats have received little attention regarding the role of salinity on whole‐genome DNA methylation. Investigation of salinity‐induced DNA methylation in fish will help to better understand the potential role of this process in salinity acclimation. Using whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing, we compared DNA methylation patterns in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles in seawater and after freshwater transfer. We targeted the gill as a crucial organ involved in plastic responses to environmental changes. To investigate the function of DNA methylation in gills, we performed RNAseq and assessed DNA methylome‐transcriptome correlations. We showed a negative correlation between gene expression levels and DNA methylation levels in promoters, first introns and first exons. A significant effect of salinity on DNA methylation dynamics with an overall DNA hypomethylation in freshwater‐transferred fish compared to seawater controls was demonstrated. This suggests a role of DNA methylation changes in salinity acclimation. Genes involved in key functions as metabolism, ion transport and transepithelial permeability (junctional complexes) were differentially methylated and expressed between salinity conditions. Expression of genes involved in mitochondrial metabolism (tricarboxylic acid cycle) was increased, whereas the expression of DNA methyltransferases 3a was repressed. This study reveals novel links between DNA methylation, mainly in promoters and first exons/introns, and gene expression patterns following salinity change.
Parallel optimization method of train scheduling and shunting at complex high‐speed railway stations
Authors: Zhong Mingxuan , Yue Yixiang , Zhou Leishan , Zhu Jianping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe train operations of large stations are critical in determining the efficiency of the railway network. Large high‐speed railway stations often have more than two adjacent stations running in multiple directions and must address highly complex train operation patterns. To develop a more efficient operation plan than the existing route‐based representations for modeling train conflicts, a more systematic track‐based resource network (TRN) representation for a railway station that simulates fixed equipment is used in this paper. Based on this high‐fidelity TRN, an improved operation scheduling model (OSM) is introduced for the integrated scheduling of train operations, including shunting operations. Besides, two approaches based on Lagrangian relaxation (LR) and the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) are described in detail to address the operation scheduling problem (OSP) for stations, and an efficient heuristic rule‐based algorithm is also designed to generate lower bound solutions. To improve the algorithm efficiency, we designed a parallelization strategy for the proposed approaches. Based on real‐world case studies, the computing results demonstrate that the parallelized ADMM‐based approach can always find high‐quality feasible solutions for complex stations and generate conflict‐free station operation plans with significantly improved efficiency.
Pilot study on nasal microbiota dynamics and MRSA carriage of a pig cohort housed on straw bedding
Authors: Effelsberg Natalie , Kobusch Iris , Schollenbruch Hannah , Linnemann Sabrina , Bang Corinna , Franke Andre , Köck Robin , Boelhauve Marc , Mellmann Alexander 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be transmitted between pigs and humans on farms. Hence, the reduction of MRSA carriage in pigs could decrease the risk of zoonotic transmission. Recently, straw bedding has been found to significantly reduce MRSA carriage in pigs. The mechanisms behind this effect remain unclear but changes in the nasal microbiome may play a role. In this exploratory study, the nasal microbiota of pigs kept on straw was examined using V1/V2 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Nasal swabs were collected from 13 pigs at six different time points during the course of a full fattening cycle resulting in 74 porcine samples. In addition, straw samples were collected at each time point. Eleven out of 13 pigs were MRSA positive at housing‐in. We found a strong temporal pattern in the microbial communities. Both microbial diversity and abundance of Staphylococcus species peaked in week 5 after introduction to the straw stable decreased in week 10, when all pigs turned MRSA‐negative, and increased again toward the end of the fattening period. These findings show that the introduction of pigs into a new environment has a huge impact on their nasal microbiota, which might lead to unfavorable conditions for MRSA. Moreover, other Staphylococcus species may play a role in eliminating MRSA carriage. We designed a follow‐up study including two different husbandry systems to further assess these effects.
Sesame allergy in children: New insights into diagnosis and management
Authors: Saf Sarah , Borres Magnus P. , Södergren Eva 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSesame is a potentially potent allergen that can trigger skin, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract symptoms, and anaphylaxis. Only 20% to 30% of sesame‐allergic children develop tolerance. The prevalence of sesame allergy depends on local diets and ranges from 0.1% to 0.9%. A high risk of accidental exposure to sesame has resulted in mandatory food labeling in many countries. More than half of patients with sesame allergy are also allergic to peanut/tree nuts. Serum‐specific IgE testing with a quantitative Ses i 1 component can be performed safely and has higher clinical specificity and better positive predictive value for oral food challenge (OFC) than whole sesame extract or skin prick testing (SPT). Compared with SPT or OFC, in vitro Ses i 1 testing requires no special techniques and carries no risk of reactions. Diagnosis of suspected sesame allergy begins with a thorough history and physical examination. A positive sesame extract test (≥0.1 kUA/L) should prompt further testing. In patients with a high probability of reacting, results of component testing may facilitate a decision about performing an OFC. In a Japanese study of OFC and Ses i 1, there was a 5% probability of a positive OFC with Ses i 1 sIgE levels <0.13 kUA/L, and a 50% probability of a positive OFC with levels >32.0 kUA/L. Most patients could safely consume sesame if sIgE levels were <0.13 kUA/L. Ses i 1 testing can be used to guide appropriate management (avoidance, emergency medication, and oral immunotherapy).
Palaeobiology and taphonomy of the rangeomorph Culmofrons plumosa
Authors: Pasinetti Giovanni , McIlroy Duncan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe deep marine Ediacaran fossil record of Avalonia is dominated by the Rangeomorpha, a clade characterized by up to four orders of fractal‐like branching. Despite their abundance, morphological diversity and the recent increase in Ediacaran studies, aspects of their palaeobiology, palaeoecology and phylogenetic position in the tree of life are still hotly debated. The clade has traditionally been interpreted as consisting of organisms that lived erect in the water column and tethered to the seafloor, based on the intuitive interpretation of their frondose body plan. However, recent work has challenged this view and instead proposes a reclining mode of life for several rangeomorphs, possibly in symbiosis with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Here, we offer a detailed description of exceptionally preserved specimens of Culmofrons plumosa from the Discovery UNESCO Global Geopark in Newfoundland, Canada. We suggest that Culmofrons plumosa should be reinterpreted as a reclining organism based on taphonomic and morphological evidence. Additionally, reproductive modes and a growth model of the species are here inferred, and they appear to be most consistent with a reclining mode of life, offering a novel palaeobiological reconstruction of the species.
Abscisic acid acts essentially on stomata, not on the xylem, to improve drought resistance in tomato
Authors: Haverroth Eduardo J. , Oliveira Leonardo A. , Andrade Moab T. , Taggart Matthew , McAdam Scott A. M. , Zsögön Agustin , Thompson Andrew J. , Martins Samuel C. V. , Cardoso Amanda A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDrought resistance is essential for plant production under water‐limiting environments. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role in stomata but its impact on hydraulic function beyond the stomata is far less studied. We selected genotypes differing in their ability to accumulate ABA to investigate its role in drought‐induced dysfunction. All genotypes exhibited similar leaf and stem embolism resistance regardless of differences in ABA levels. Their leaf hydraulic resistance was also similar. Differences were only observed between the two extreme genotypes: sitiens (sit; a strong ABA‐deficient mutant) and sp12 (a transgenic line that constitutively overaccumulates ABA), where the water potential inducing 50% embolism was 0.25 MPa lower in sp12 than in sit. Maximum stomatal and minimum leaf conductances were considerably lower in plants with higher ABA (wild type [WT] and sp12) than in ABA‐deficient mutants. Variations in gas exchange across genotypes were associated with ABA levels and differences in stomatal density and size. The lower water loss in plants with higher ABA meant that lethal water potentials associated with embolism occurred later during drought in sp12 plants, followed by WT, and then by the ABA‐deficient mutants. Therefore, the primary pathway by which ABA enhances drought resistance is via declines in water loss, which delays dehydration and hydraulic dysfunction.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior in the administration of medication in the home care setting: Cross‐cultural Spanish adaptation
Authors: Dionisi Sara , Muñoz‐Alonso Adoración , Giannetta Noemi , Aranburu‐Imatz Alejandra , López‐Soto Pablo J. , Galey‐Chica Pedro A. , Escribano‐Villanueva Francisco , Leo Aurora De , Liquori Gloria , Di Muzio Marco , Di Simone Emanuele 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study is to validate and adapt the “Knowledge Attitute and Behaviour in the administration of medication in the home care setting questionnaire” in the home care setting in Cordoba, Spain, through a cross‐validation process.DesignCross‐sectional studySample106 community nurses provide home care in Cordoba, and are involved in the management of the medication process in the patient's home.MeasurementsCommunity nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward medication error prevention strategies in‐home care.ResultsFor the evaluation of psychometric properties, Cronbach's α was calculated, which returned a value of 0.639, showing good internal consistency. Most participants agreed that the home care setting increases the risk of medication errors.ConclusionThe study, underscores the importance of analyzing the phenomenon of medication errors in the home care setting. The characteristics and peculiarities of a home care setting are different from a hospital setting, which means that factors such as the environment, the figures involved in the care process (caregivers and/or family members), and the way in which they communicate with the rest of the multi‐professional team can influence both the type of errors and the likelihood of their occurrence.