bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIKA: Manager for Intelligent Knowledge Access Toolkit for Engineering Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval
Authors: Andrade Sequoia , Walsh Hannah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRepositories of safety reports are often underutilized and only analyzed manually by trained experts, despite safety management systems requiring reports. These collections of documents contain a wealth of information from past projects and operations that could improve system safety and design. Advances in natural language processing techniques have improved information extraction and retrieval in consumer technology, biomedicine, and finance, for instance, but have not been applied to engineering documents on the same scale. To this end, the Manager for Intelligent Knowledge Access (MIKA) open‐source toolkit has been developed for rapid knowledge discovery and information retrieval in safety engineering applications. The MIKA toolkit uses state‐of‐the‐art natural language processing algorithms and allows a user to apply these methods to their own dataset. This paper describes the MIKA toolkit and its two primary capabilities, knowledge discovery and information retrieval, and demonstrates the toolkit via a case study on National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) reports.
Carbon Considerations for Systems Evolution
Authors: Flanigan David , Robinson Kevin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the early stages of systems development, Systems Engineers will typically evaluate alternatives based on performance, cost, risk, and schedule to evaluate the solution space of alternatives. While these criteria have proven to be successful, there is growing interest in the analysis of carbon costs as well to contribute to the decision making. These decision criteria are very good to help the decision maker select the best alternative within the solution space in which to develop a system concept. We offer another criterion for consideration in order to account for carbon expenditure throughout the SE lifecycle. We believe that including this dimension can influence decision makers to evaluate a richer portion of the solution space. This approach is developed and exercised with a notional example.
The Safety Aspect of Measuring System Trust
Authors: Kovalovsky Kate 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDigital transformation brings opportunities to improve how engineering data is tracked and interpreted. Safety analyses, a critical aspect of engineering, are more powerful when captured directly alongside foundational system models. Integrating analyses within the authoritative source of truth provides the team current information and improved context. A model‐based safety approach is a strong first step, but more opportunities await. The value of system safety metrics data increases significantly when elevated into actionable information that decision‐makers need. This paper articulates a specific approach to obtain the software safety aspect of the system trust metric for defense systems, recommends an initial structure of a system trust metric, and identifies future steps for this topic of research. Getting safety data into the digital engineering environment is the first step toward an overall system trust metric as described in the INCOSE 2035 Systems Engineering Vision.
Metabolic Fate of Lignin in Birch Glucuronoxylan Extracts as Dietary Fiber Studied in a Rat Model
Authors: Lahtinen Maarit H. , Kynkäänniemi Emma , Jian Ching , Salonen Anne , Pajari Anne‐Maria , Mikkonen Kirsi S. 
Published: August 2023

ScopeWhile previously considered inert, recent studies suggest lignin metabolism with unknown metabolic fates is occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of several animal models. This study focuses on analyzing the potential metabolites of lignin.Methods and resultsThe diets of rats include relatively pure birch glucuronoxylan (pureGX) with residual lignin or lignin‐rich GX (GXpoly) in their diet. Nuclear magnetic spectroscopy of the lignin isolated from the GXpoly‐fed rats fecal sample shows high alteration in chemical structure, whereas lignin‐carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) are enriched in fecal samples from the pureGX group. Moreover, the increased syringyl‐to‐guaiacyl (S/G) ratio suggests that lignin G‐units are predominantly metabolized based on pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (pyr‐GC/MS). The presence of small phenolic metabolites identified in urine samples of the GXpoly group, for example, ferulic and sinapic acids, their sulfate and glucuronide derivatives, and 4‐sulfobenzylalcohol, suggests that the small fragmented lignin metabolites in the large intestine enter the plasma, and are further processed in the liver. Finally, the relative abundances of polyphenol‐degrading Enterorhabdus and Akkermansia in the gut microbiota are associated with lignin metabolism.ConclusionThese findings give further evidence to lignin metabolism in the gut of nonruminants and provide insight to the potential microbes and metabolic routes.
Pro & Contra PFAS‐Verbot: PFAS im Regenwasser in Tibet, im Fettgewebe von Eisbären
Authors: Herkert Lorena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOhne eine Beschränkung der Stoffklasse der PFAS können die steigenden Konzentrationen in Mensch und Umwelt zu weitreichenden Schäden führen.
Trendbericht Biochemie 2023 (2/3): Encapsulin in der Katalyse
Authors: Jessen‐Trefzer Claudia , Grimmeisen Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFortschritte bei der Analyse epigenetischer Basen helfen unter anderem dabei, Krankheiten früher zu diagnostizieren. In Inneren von Encapsulinen, das sind proteinbasierte Nanocapside, laufen (bio)chemische Reaktionen geschützt ab, sie können daher für die Katalyse genutzt werden. Deuterierung von Fluoreszenzfarbstoffen erhöht deren Extinktion, Fluoreszenzlebensdauer und Helligkeit, sodass sich die deuterierten Farbstoffe besser für hochauflösende Mikroskopiemethoden eignen.
A new FGF15/19‐mediated gut‐to‐heart axis controls cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Morón‐Ros Samantha , Blasco‐Roset Albert , Navarro‐Gascon Artur , Rupérez Celia , Zamora Monica , Crispi Fatima , Uriarte Iker , Fernández‐Barrena Maite G , Avila Matias , Ferrer‐Curriu Gemma , Lupón Josep , Bayés‐Genis Antoni , Villarroya Francesc , Gavaldà‐Navarro Aleix , Planavila Anna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFGF15 and its human orthologue, FGF19, are members of the endocrine FGF family and are secreted by ileal enterocytes in response to bile acids. FGF15/19 mainly targets the liver, but recent studies indicate that it also regulates skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue plasticity. The aim of this study was to determine the role(s) of the enterokine FGF15/19 during the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Studies in a cohort of humans suffering from heart failure showed increased circulating levels of FGF19 compared with control individuals. We found that mice lacking FGF15 did not develop cardiac hypertrophy in response to three different pathophysiological stimuli (high‐fat diet, isoproterenol, or cold exposure). The heart weight/tibia length ratio and the cardiomyocyte area (as measures of cardiac hypertrophy development) under hypertrophy‐inducing conditions were lower in Fgf15‐null mice than in wild‐type mice, whereas the levels of the cardiac damage marker atrial natriuretic factor (Nppa) were up‐regulated. Echocardiographic measurements showed similar results. Moreover, the genes involved in fatty acid metabolism were down‐regulated in Fgf15‐null mice. Conversely, experimental increases in FGF15 induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo, without changes in Nppa and up‐regulation of metabolic genes. Finally, in vitro studies using cardiomyocytes showed that FGF19 had a direct effect on these cells promoting hypertrophy. We have identified herein an inter‐organ signaling pathway that runs from the gut to the heart, acts through the enterokine FGF15/19, and is involved in cardiac hypertrophy development and regulation of fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Robust time‐varying formation control for uncertain multi‐agent systems with communication delays and nonlinear couplings
Authors: Yang Wenlong , Shi Zongying , Zhong Yisheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the robust time‐varying formation control problems for a class of higher‐order multi‐agent systems subject to communication delays and heterogeneous uncertainties accounting for not only the parameter perturbations, nonlinearities and external disturbances occurring in the node local dynamics but also the nonlinear couplings in the interconnections of different nodes. For both cases of partially known and unknown time‐varying communication delays, we propose a unified formation control protocol, which incorporates a nominal controller to achieve the desired formation and a compensating signal to restrain the influences of uncertainties. Based on the signal compensation theory and Lyapunov–Krasovskii arguments, sufficient conditions to achieve the desired time‐varying formation are derived in terms of LMI. Thereafter, an explicit expression to describe the formation reference dynamics is yielded. Moreover, an algorithm is concluded to design the presented formation protocol in four steps. It is proven that the formation error can be made as small as desired under the designed controller despite the uncertainties and communication delays. Numerical simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed control schemes.
Lattice Strain and Charge Redistribution of Pt Cluster/Ir Metallene Heterostructure for Ethylene Glycol to Glycolic Acid Conversion Coupled with Hydrogen Production
Authors: Deng Kai , Lian Zilong , Wang Wenxin , Yu Jiabao , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Xu You , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUpgrading overall water splitting (OWS) system and developing high‐performance electrocatalysts is an attractive way to the improve efficiency and reduce the consumption of hydrogen (H2) production from electrolyzed water. Here, a Pt cluster/Ir metallene heterojunction structure (Pt/Ir hetero‐metallene) with a unique Pt/Ir interface is reported for the conversion of ethylene glycol (EG) to glycolic acid (GA) coupled with H2 production. With the assistance of ethylene glycol oxidation (EGOR), the Pt/Ir||Pt/Ir hetero‐metallene two‐electrode water electrolysis system exhibits a lower cell voltage of 0.36 V at 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the Faradaic efficiency of EG to GA is as high as 87%. The excellent performance of this new heterostructure arise from the charge redistribution and strain effects induced by Pt–Ir interactions between the heterogeneous interfaces, as well as the larger specific surface area and more active sites due to the metallene structure.
“Dear Brother, Please, Send Me Some More Dollars…”: Transatlantic Migration and Historic Remittance Between the Habsburg Empire and the United States of America (1890–1930s)
Authors: Steidl Annemarie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMigrant remittances today constitute a significant part of international capital flows. Although few scholars would deny the significant contribution of migration and remittances to the income and survival of families in the present-day countries of origin, flows of remittances by migrants in the past are still a mostly neglected topic. Therefore, in the following text, I will follow the money that was sent in different ways from migrants in the United States to their dependents back in the Habsburg Empire. Nearly 18 million people left Europe for the United States between 1890 and the 1930s, the vast majority of whom had been born in Eastern and Southern Europe, and many returned to Europe before World War One. These transatlantic migrants transferred millions of dollars of their savings via letters, banks, or “pocket remittances,” and hence had a significant impact on the economy of the Habsburg Empire.
Einleitung
Authors: Möllers Thomas-Hugo 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungAuch diese Untersuchung verdankt ihre Entstehung einem Affekt, der Unzufriedenheit mit einer unheilvollen Entwicklung, die ihren Anfang mit der Umsteuerung des bundesdeutschen Schulwesens von der Input- zur Outputsteuerung nach dem PISA-Schock um die Jahrtausendwende nahm. Ergebnis dieser Umsteuerung waren weitgehend inhaltsarme, kompetenzorientierte Kernlehrpläne, die scheinbar davon ausgingen, dass die Auswahl von Inhalten für den Erwerb von Kompetenzen so beliebig ist, dass man sie den Lehrkräften vor Ort überlassen kann. Eng verbunden mit dieser Entwicklung war die scheinbare Gleichsetzung von Bildung und Kompetenz und das nicht hinzunehmende Verschwinden des Kultur- und Erziehungsbegriffs aus allen pädagogischen Debatten. Dem will diese Untersuchung entgegenwirken.
Akute Leukämien
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel 2 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Akute Leukämien. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Akute Lymphatische Leukämie (ALL) und Akute Myeloische Leukämie (AML) gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
RTx: Thorakale Tumoren
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel 22 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Radio-Chemotherapie (RTx): Thorakale Tumoren. Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel RTx: nichtkleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) und RTx: kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom (SCLC) gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome (NHL)
Authors: Engelhardt Monika , Mertelsmann Roland , Duyster Justus 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDas Kapitel 7 beinhaltet eine Zusammenstellung der am Universitätsklinikum Freiburg verwendeten Tumortherapie- und ggf. Studien-Protokolle der Entität Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome (NHL). Dieses ist in die Unterkapitel Indolente NHL, Aggressive NHL, Chronische Lymphatische Leukämie (CLL), ZNS-NHL, Multiples Myelom und Amyloidose gegliedert. Der Kapitelinhalt orientiert sich an aktuellen Leitlinien und Therapieempfehlungen und spiegelt detailliert die Therapieabläufe inkl. Supportivtherapie der Freiburger Praxis wider.Beim Erwerb von Einzelkapiteln muss folgendes beachtet werden:

Protokolle, die bei mehreren Entitäten angewandt werden können, sind aus technischen Gründen nur in jeweils einem Kapitel enthalten. Deshalb muss unter Umständen das Gesamtwerk konsultiert werden.

Erläuterungen zum praktischen Gebrauch der Protokollsammlung inkl. Dosismodifikationstabellen befinden sich im Kapitel 1 (Einleitung).
Cytotoxic effect of polyvinyl alcohol-magnetite composite
Authors: Baca Ramos Karla , Olivas Armendáriz Imelda , Chapa González Christian , Álvarez Vera A. , García-Casillas Perla E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolymeric hydrogel is a promising candidate for drug delivery applications due to its ability to encapsulate and release drugs. Incorporating magnetic particles enables controlled and specific release, providing sustained and targeted delivery. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of the magnetite-polyvinyl alcohol (MPVA) hydrogel, specifically its magnetite content, using 3T3 fibroblast cells. The findings indicate that the MPVA hydrogel with magnetite nanoparticles was compatible with the cells and did not induce cell death. Incorporating magnetite nanoparticles into the PVA hydrogel improved its thermal stability and degradation temperature, disrupting the chain order, decreasing melting behavior, and fractional crystallinity of the hydrogel. The MPVA hydrogel demonstrated a higher gel fraction and crosslink density compared to the PVA hydrogel due to the presence of magnetite nanoparticles. The interaction between PVA and magnetite nanoparticles occurred through non-covalent forces, allowing for reversible interactions and dispersion of the nanoparticles within the PVA matrix. Although the cytotoxicity of the MPVA gel was similar to that of the PVA gel, the viability of fibroblast cells within the MPVA gel varied depending on the concentration. The MPVA hydrogel exhibited stronger attachment and induced irregular changes on the cell surface compared to the PVA hydrogel. Furthermore, the MPVA gel displayed paramagnetic behavior and controllable magnetization, as demonstrated by the hysteresis loop. These magnetic properties make the MPVA gel suitable for potential biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
Cusps, Kleinian groups, and Eisenstein series
Authors: Liu Beibei , Wang Shi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the Eisenstein series associated to the full rank cusps in a complete hyperbolic manifold. We show that given a Kleinian group

$\Gamma <{\operatorname{\mathrm{Isom}}}^+(\mathbb H^{n+1})$

, each full rank cusp corresponds to a cohomology class in

$H^{n}(\Gamma , V)$

, where V is either the trivial coefficient or the adjoint representation. Moreover, by computing the intertwining operator, we show that different cusps give rise to linearly independent classes.
The effect of high-temperature heat treatment and homogenization on the microstructure of set yogurt curd networks
Authors: Ichimura Takefumi , Kusaka Mai , Nakamura Taku 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSet yogurt's physical characteristics are greatly affected by the homogenization and heat treatment processes. In our previous study, set yogurt treated at 130°C and with the fat particle size reduced to ≤0.6 μm had equivalent curd strength, less syneresis and smoother texture than yogurt treated at 95°C. When investigating the mechanisms underlying yogurt's physical properties, it is important to evaluate the yogurt's microstructure. We conducted electron microscopy evaluations to investigate the mechanisms of changes in yogurt's physical properties caused by 130°C heat treatment and by a reduction in the fat globule size. We prepared yogurt mixtures by combining heat treatment at 95 and 130°C and homogenization pressure at 10 + 5 and 35 + 5 MPa and then fermented the mixtures in a common yogurt starter. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the structural observations. Fine particles were observed on the surface of the casein micelles of the yogurt treated at 95°C, and the coalescence density between micelles was high. The surface of the yogurt treated at 130°C had few fine particles, and the coalescence density between micelles was low. The yogurt treated at 130°C with 35 + 5 MPa homogenization had low coalescence density between casein micelles, but smaller-particle-size fat globules increased the network density. Approximately 30% of the fat globules were estimated to be incorporated into the yogurt networks compared to the volume of casein micelles. We speculate that 130°C heat treatment alters the structure of whey protein on the surface of casein micelles and interferes with network formation, but reducing the size of fat globules reinforces the network as a pseudoprotein.
Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic related chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis: the role of masks
Authors: Cascino Flavia , Gabriele Guido , Pulli Beatrice , Catarzi Lisa , Latini Linda , Gennaro Paolo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundChondrodermatitis nodularis helicis is a benign, but painful inflammatory condition of the ear, characterised by a tender nodule located on the helix or antihelix. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis associated with the use of coronavirus disease 2019 masks during the pandemic.MethodA retrospective single-centre study was performed from February 2020 to February 2022 in the Maxillo-Facial Unit at the University Hospital of Siena, Italy.ResultsDuring the indexed period, 11 patients were affected by chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis. All patients wore a mask for more than 8 hours a day, every day for several months.ConclusionAlthough there is no certain proof of the correlation between masks and chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis, an increase in the incidence of this condition was highlighted in our single-centre experience in the pandemic period. The prolonged use of coronavirus disease 2019 masks may explain this correlation.
Effects of cover crop, N and residue management on the financial sustainability of processing tomatoes in Southwestern Ontario
Authors: Kerr Jamison , De Laporte Aaron , Weersink Alfons , Vyn Richard , Van Eerd Laura L. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Given the potential environmental and economic sustainability consequences of cover crop adoption, N fertilizer application, and residue management, this study focuses on the yield and financial effects of these on processing tomato production in Ontario, Canada. The study employs financial modeling using field data from a long-term cover crop experiment (oat, cereal rye, radish, and a radish-rye mixture) from 2010 to 2020. Averaged over six experimental years, compared to no cover (87 Mg ha−1) radish (99.6 Mg ha−1) and radish-rye mix (95.2 Mg ha−1) cover crops produce statistically significantly higher tomato yields as isolated practices, increasing farm net returns by $1120 ha−1 and $604 ha−1, respectively. When combined with N application, rye application additionally results in tomato yields statistically significantly higher than the base practice of no cover crop, zero N application and retained residue. Oat cover does not appear to have a statistically significant effect on tomato yields in this dataset. The application of N fertilizer results in statistically significantly higher tomato yield, increasing net returns by $882 ha−1, while residue management does not.