bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Carotid Endarterectomy for Symptomatic Stenosis by Age: Meta-Analysis With Individual Patient Data
Authors: Leung Ya Yuan Rachel , Bera Kasia , Urriza Rodriguez Daniel , Dardik Alan , Mas Jean-Louis , Simonte Gioele , Rerkasem Kittipan , Howard Dominic P.J. 
Published: January 2023

Background:
There is uncertainty whether elderly patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis have higher rates of adverse events following carotid endarterectomy. In trials, recurrent stroke risk on medical therapy alone increased with age, whereas operative stroke risk was not related. Few octogenarians were included in trials and there has been no systematic analysis of all study types. We aimed to evaluate the safety of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic elderly patients, particularly in octogenarians.

Methods:
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies (from January 1, 1980 through March 1, 2022) reporting post carotid endarterectomy risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis. We included observational studies and interventional arms of randomized trials if the outcome rates (or the raw data to calculate these) were provided. Individual patient data from 4 prospective cohorts enabled multivariate analysis.

Results:

Of 47 studies (107 587 patients), risk of perioperative stroke was 2.04% (1.94–2.14) in octogenarians (390 strokes/19 101 patients) and 1.85% (1.75–1.95) in nonoctogenarians (1395/75 537);
P
=0.046. Perioperative death was 1.09% (0.94–1.25) in octogenarians (203/18 702) and 0.53% (0.48–0.59) in nonoctogenarians (392/73 327);
P
<0.001. Per 5-year age increment, a linear increase in perioperative stroke, myocardial infarction, and death were observed;
P
=0.04 to 0.002. However, during the last 3 decades, perioperative stroke±death has declined significantly in octogenarians (7.78% [5.58–10.55] before year 2000 to 2.80% [2.56–3.04] after 2010);
P
<0.001. In Individual patient data multivariate-analysis (5111 patients), age ≥85 years was independently associated with perioperative stroke (
P
<0.001) and death (
P
=0.005). Yet, survival was similar for octogenarians versus nonoctogenarians at 1-year (95.0% [93.2–96.5] versus 97.5% [96.4–98.6];
P
=0.08), as was 5-year stroke risk (11.93% [9.98–14.16]) versus 12.78% [11.65–13.61];
P
=0.24).

Conclusions:
We found a modest increase in perioperative risk with age in symptomatic patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. As stroke risk increases with age when on medical therapy alone, our findings support selective urgent intervention in symptomatic elderly patients.
Scribe: Machine Learning, Parafiction, and the Perversion of Practice
Authors: Dyer Mark 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Scribe (2022) is a choral work for three voices. It is a multidisciplinary project that encompasses paleography, machine learning, transcription, and performance. Furthermore, Scribe is a work of parafictional art where fact and fiction overlap, conventional practices of paleography and edition-making are playfully reconfigured, and supposed historical authenticity is employed as a compositional material. This paper describes the creative processes in the making of Scribe before evaluating aspects of the uncanny and material agency. It draws upon autoethnographic analysis before contextualizing this within the psychoanalytical criticism of philosopher Slavoj Žižek.
gOd, mOther and sOldier: A Story of Oppression, Told through the Lens of AI
Authors: Gambardella Andrew , Chung Meeyung , Choi Doyo , Lee Jinjoon 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The authors present gOd, mOther and sOldier—Nowhere in Somewhere Series 2022, a work that was conceptualized and created by artist Jinjoon Lee and his TX Creative Media Lab at KAIST, realized through the remote cooperation of eight local collaborators across Southeast Asia. The authors used artificial intelligence–based object detectors and sonification techniques in a work of media art to symbolize the voicelessness of those at the margins of society in Southeast Asia. These algorithms and concepts, and the work as a whole, artistically demonstrate how marginalized people are misrepresented and misunderstood when interpreted out of context.
Epiphytic Memory: A Cognitive Assemblage of Plant-Human-Technology
Authors: Petrie Finn 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Epiphytic Memory is an ongoing project motivated by the symbiotic homing relations of plants. The artist 3D-printed porcelain LIDAR scans of ancient trees from Aotearoa New Zealand’s southern rainforests, situating them in hybrid environments in Ōtepoti Dunedin as scientific interventions. These site-specific sculptures function both as memories and as potential bioscaffolds for new life. The project uses augmented reality to help viewers understand the depth of time involved within the work through an interactive gallery installation that simulates plant growth. In this article, the artist contextualizes the project through scientific research and Indigenous Māori thought on plant relations and intelligence. Multiple forms of sentience connect within the project, and the artist uses philosopher N. Katherine Hayles’s ideas of planetary cognitive ecology and cognitive assemblages to understand the ecological value of this connected sentience and how these connections might facilitate plant-human dialogues.
Reflections on Light: Developing New Methods for Producing Anamorphic Sculpture
Authors: Pratt Louis , Johnston Andrew , Pietroni Nico 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper presents novel catoptric anamorphic sculptures made possible by the development of bespoke software. The authors detail the production of a catoptric anamorphic sculpture involving a concave mirror and examine the audience’s experience. The reflections the mirror creates are described as being holographic. This effect is known as a “real image” and only occurs using a concave mirror. The authors present the digital tools they have developed to facilitate anamorphic artistic production and extend the limits of what has been achieved in the past. They end with an outline of future work, including glass lenses, and propose using video projection mapping.
The Case for Judith’s Imitation of “Nobody” (among Others)
Authors: Kochenash Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this article, I argue that Judith can be read as imitating book 9 of Homer’s Odyssey, the story of Odysseus and Polyphemus the Cyclops, in a way that compliments its use of other literary models (e.g., Genesis 34; Judges 4–5; 1 Kingdoms 17; and Homer, Iliad 14). Such an imitation can be read as reinforcing the narrative’s explicit themes, especially that of violent opposition to foreign invaders, and as contributing to its characterizations of Judith (who compares favorably to Odysseus) and Holofernes (who is stigmatized by association with Polyphemus). In the process, I situate Judith among other imitations of Odyssey 9 in antiquity and observe how especially Jewish writings in the Hellenistic and Roman eras appear to use it as a resource for opposing foreign subjugation, including to Greek empires. Accordingly, Judith further attests to the participation of Jews in the contestation over the Greek canonical past.
Direct Incorporation of Expert Opinion into Parametric Survival Models to Inform Survival Extrapolation
Authors: Cooney Philip , White Arthur 
Published: January 2023

Background In decision modeling with time-to-event data, there are a variety of parametric models that can be used to extrapolate the survival function. Each model implies a different hazard function, and in situations in which there is moderate censoring, this can result in quite different survival projections. External information such as expert opinion on long-term survival can more accurately characterize the uncertainty in these extrapolations. Objective We present a general and easily implementable approach to incorporate various types of expert opinions into parametric survival models, focusing on opinions about survival at various landmark time points. Methods Expert opinion is incorporated into parametric survival models using Bayesian and frequentist approaches. In the Bayesian method, expert opinion is included through a loss function and in the frequentist approach by penalizing the likelihood function, although in both cases the core approach is the same. The issue of aggregating multiple expert opinions is also considered. Results We apply this method to data from a leukemia trial and use previously elicited expert opinion on survival probabilities for that particular trial population at years 4 and 5 to inform our analysis. We take a robust approach to modeling expert opinion by using pooled distributions and fit a broad class of parametric models to the data. We also assess statistical goodness of fit of the models to both the observed data and expert opinion. Conclusions Expert opinions can be implemented in a straightforward manner using this novel approach; however, more work is required on the correct elicitation of these quantities. Highlights Presentation of a novel and open-source method to incorporate expert opinion into decision modeling. Extends upon earlier work in that expert opinion can be incorporated into a wide range of parametric models. Provides methodological guidance for directly including expert opinion in decision modeling, which is a research focus area in NICE TSD 21.1
Recurrent and atypical immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pneumonitis
Authors: Jeon Won Jin , Nguyen Jasmine , Castillo Dani Ran , Park Kiwon , Brothers Joel , Nguyen Anthony , Mirshahidi Hamid 
Published: January 2023

Introduction Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) is a monoclonal antibody against the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor on lymphocytes, which is one of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) approved for multiple solid and hematologic malignancies. Although ICIs have proven to be more effective and less toxic compared to chemotherapy, there are reports of adverse side effects with ICIs. For example, pneumonitis is a potentially lethal side effect occurring in 1%–5% of patients who received ICIs in clinical trials, and there are case reports with clinical and radiological features of checkpoint inhibitor-pneumonitis (CIP). Case report We report an unusual case of pneumonitis with atypical imaging in a patient who received pembrolizumab for metastatic p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the base of the tongue. We discuss the approach to the recognition and management of atypical CIP in patients on pembrolizumab with the intent to standardize workup and increase awareness among healthcare providers in the new era of immunotherapy. Management and Outcome Serologic workup including laboratory studies for complete blood count (CBC), lactate, procalcitonin, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), Legionella, Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Coccidioides, Coxiella, and viral respiratory panel were negative for infectious processes. Since CIP was suspected, the patient was started on steroid therapy. Interval computed tomography (CT) of the chest without contrast showed a resolution of pneumonitis. Discussion In this case report, we discuss our workup of CIP and initial testing to rule out other possible causes of the patient's symptoms and radiographic findings, and management of the patient's diagnosis of atypical CIP which led to complete clinical recovery from CIP.
What are the impetuses Behind E-health applications’ self-management services’ ongoing adoption by health community participants?
Authors: Guo Jin , Shan Shan , Ali Khan Yousaf 
Published: January 2023

Over the past 20 years, the identification of interventions related to healthcare management has been greatly facilitated by improvements in the well-being and health of the entire population. However, regardless of the positive developments in smart health applications and e-health research, there are two important gaps, (1) the role of gamification variables in the continued use of eHealth applications has not been adequately assessed, and (2) the extent to which people’s perception of the continued use of e-health applications is encouraged through habit. Customers and companies can derive considerable value from exploring E-Health applications’ health self-management services. Accordingly, estimating such services’ ongoing adoption by customers is aimed for in this research, with habits, intrinsic and extrinsic variables incorporated into a study model which is then tested. This paper examined perceived autonomy, perceived competence, perceived relatedness has positively related to enjoyment and habit. Reward has positively related to perceived autonomy and continued to use. Enjoyment and Habit have positively associated with the decision to continue to use in e-Health Apps. 269 individuals who have used Chinese e-health applications comprised the data collection sample, being reached via an online questionnaire. Data analysis was undertaken using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). It was found that the ongoing adoption of e-health self-management services was perpetuated to a greater extent by intrinsic variables; in terms of strategizing for companies’ e-services, the results can inform this process.
Novel modification of a branched arch endograft with a retrograde left common carotid branch for acute pseudoaneurysm post type A repair
Authors: Lim Eric TA , Benson Ruth , Lyons Oliver , Laing Andrew , Khanafer Adib 
Published: January 2023

Objective Pseudoaneurysm formation post type A aortic dissection repair is rare. Revision surgical repair is challenging, with a risk of death from haemorrhage. Methods We present a 56-year-old man who presented with a rapidly enlarging distal ascending aortic anastomotic pseudoaneurysm following a recent ascending and hemiarch replacement for acute type A aortic dissection. Results A tight kink in the ascending aortic graft precluded an endovascular repair utilizing two antegrade branches, and so a novel custom-made 3 inner branched aortic endograft was designed, with an antegrade brachiocephalic inner branch and retrograde left common carotid and subclavian artery inner branches. The patient required an angioplasty to dilate the kinked/coarcted surgical graft, but made an uneventful recovery. Conclusion An aortic arch inner branch design with an antegrade brachiocephalic branch but retrograde left common carotid and left subclavian branches was feasible and may prove particularly useful when there is limited space in the ascending aorta.
Influence of crural vessel run-off on short- and mid-term outcomes following femoro-popliteal bypass grafting
Authors: Preece Ryan , Mann Lydia , Kulkarni Sachin R , Paravastu Sharath CV 
Published: January 2023

Objectives To determine the influence that the number of patent crural run-off vessels has on short- and mid-term outcomes following femoro-popliteal bypass. Methods All patients undergoing index femoro-popliteal bypass grafting between 2013 and 19 at our unit were included. Preoperative imaging was used to stratify patients into cohorts with either one or ≥2 patent run-off vessels. Primary outcomes measures included bypass patency and limb salvage rates at one and 3 years post-operatively. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Logrank test. Results 147 bypasses performed on 143 patients were included. 24 patients had one-vessel run-off and 123 had ≥2 vessels patent. Patients with one-vessel run-off had a higher proportion of emergency admissions (54% vs 41%) and diabetes (42% vs 31%). 31% of patients underwent diagnostic angiogram imaging in addition to having duplex ultrasound and/or computed tomography angiography. There were no significant differences in primary, primary-assisted or secondary patency rates between the cohorts at 12 or 36 months. Limb salvage rates were significantly higher amongst those with ≥2 vessel run-off at 12 (86% vs 71%, p = 0.03) and 36 (85% vs 71%, p = 0.04) months. For those with occluded grafts, a higher proportion of patients with ≥2 vessel run-off subsequently had an attempt at redo bypass grafting. Conclusions Femoro-popliteal bypass is a reasonable treatment option for patients with one-vessel run-off. However, whilst patency rates are comparable, clinicians should be aware of the lower successful limb salvage rates for patients with one patent vessel (especially those presenting with tissue loss).
The unsolved problem of radial longitudinal dysplasia: how can we reliably prevent recurrence, preserve growth and optimize function?
Authors: van Nieuwenhoven Christianne A. , Mann Max , Hülsemann Wiebke 
Published: January 2023

Congenital radial longitudinal dysplasia remains an ‘unsolved problem' in hand surgery. The challenges presented by the skeletal deficiency of the distal radius and soft tissue dysplasia of the severe radial longitudinal deficiency have been addressed by a number of techniques that aim to stabilize the position of the hand relative to the forearm and optimize forearm growth and hand function. Analysis of hand function and position in these children is difficult because of the abnormal ‘wrist' mechanics, and the published results of the techniques used to date often lack a standardized approach and importantly the perception of function from the patient's perspective. The existing data is reviewed and compared with the results of cohorts from two major congenital upper limb centres. Soft tissue distraction prior to radialization or centralization may offer benefit in ulnar growth and forearm length but there is a need for further research into the long-term functional outcomes of the various techniques available to determine the optimal choice for these children. Level of evidence: V
Implementing changes to reduce infections in ICU patients. Water services and waste systems
Authors: Weinbren Michael , Inkster Teresa , Walker Jimmy 
Published: January 2023

Background Evidence linking the role of water services in transmission of infection to patients in ICUs has increased in recent years. Aims This research based commentary set out to identify potential solutions for water and wastewater systems in ICU settings. Methods Databases and open source information was used to obtain data on approaches to water and wastewater-related issues in ICU settings. This and the authors experiences have been used to describe approaches to these problems. Findings The lack of updated guidance has required some ICUs to develop unique responses, including ‘water free’ patient care combined with reduction in water services. The options consider guidance, compliance, training and education as key factors to successful outcomes and protecting vulnerable patients in ICU. Discussion The authors found a number of problems with water and wastewater systems in ICU to which there has not been a cohesive response in terms of guidance to support users and designers. The resultant void permits new projects to proceed with suboptimal and designs which place patients and staff at risk. As an interim measure a series of solutions suitable for existing units and new builds need to be considered.
In-hospital mortality from acute coronary syndrome in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adem Fuad , Abdi Semir , Amare Firehiwot , Mohammed Mohammed A 
Published: January 2023

Objective: There is an increasing recognition of the burden of cardiovascular disease in Africa. However, little is known about the pooled prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-associated in-hospital mortality and contributing factors. Methods: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science (Core Collection), and supplementary sources including Google Scholar, World Cat, Research Gate, and Cochrane Library were searched. Chi-square test and I2-statistic were used to assess heterogeneity. Egger’s and Begg’s tests and funnel plots were used to assess publication bias. Data were analyzed using Stata software (version 15.0). Result: Twenty nine studies with a total sample of 11,788 were included. The pooled estimate of all-cause in-hospital mortality was 22% (pooled proportion (PP) = 0.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17–0.27. The In-hospital mortality rate was lower at the cardiac centers (PP = 0.14; CI: 0.05–0.23) compared to referral hospitals (PP = 0.24; CI: 0.17–0.31]) The mortality rate was comparable in Eastern (PP = 0.23; CI: 0.19–0.27) and Northern Africa (PP = 0.22; CI: 0.16–0.28). The incidence of in-hospital heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, bleeding, acute stroke, and reinfarction were 42, 17.0, 20.0, 16.0, 4.0, and 5.0%, respectively. Conclusion: All-cause in-hospital mortality rate associated with ACS is high in Africa. The mortality rate at cardiac centers was 10% lower when compared with referral hospitals. Establishing coronary units, strengthening existing cardiac services, and improving availability and access to cardiovascular medicines could help in reducing the burden of ACS in the continent.
Knowledge and attitude of healthcare workers toward advanced cardiac life support in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, 2022
Authors: Adal Ousman , Emishaw Solomon 
Published: January 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and attitude regarding advanced cardiac life support among healthcare workers, 2022. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2022 among healthcare workers who were working in Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. All physicians and nurses who were willing to participate this study were involved. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered into the statistical software Epi Data version 4.6.0.4 and analyzed with statistical package for social science version 26. Logistic regression analysis was used to differentiate the effects of each independent variable on the dependent variable. Results: Among the total study participants (400) with a response rate of 96%, most (238) (59.5%) healthcare workers (nurses and physicians) had poor knowledge toward advanced cardiac life support. Two hundred twenty-five (56.25%) healthcare workers had positive attitude. Being a physician, having more than 6 years of work experience, working in an emergency department for more than 10 years, and having advanced cardiac life support training all contribute to superior knowledge of advanced cardiac life support. Conclusion: Most healthcare workers, especially, nurses, have under estimated knowledge and a negative attitude toward advanced cardiac life support. This implies they require knowledge building and attitude empowerment regarding advanced cardiac life support. Being a physician, having training in advanced cardiac life support, having work experience of more than 6 years, and working in an emergency unit for more than 10 years were positively associated with better knowledge of advanced cardiac life support among healthcare workers.