bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with task-oriented training on upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegia
Authors: Xi Xiaoming , Wang Hujun , Han Liang , Ding Mengmeng , Li Jinglu , Qiao Chenye , Zhang Linlin , Liu Zongjian , Qie Shuyan 
Published: June 2023

Background:
To evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with task-oriented training (TOT) on upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegia.

Methods:
A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using PRISMA guidelines. Computer searches of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of science, China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, and Wipu databases were conducted from the time of database creation to October 27, 2022. Clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria were screened, with rTMS combined with TOT in the test group and other therapies in the control group. Literature screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 investigators, and meta-analysis was performed using Stata software after quality evaluation of the literature.

Results:
Meta-analysis results showed that repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with TOT was more effective in box and block test (I2 = 0%, P = .820, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−0.20, 0.88]), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (I
2 = 0%, P = .569, 95% CI [0.88, 1.26]), and modified Barthel Index (I
2 = 39.9%, P = .189, 95% CI [0.45, 1.03]) were not significantly different from controls, and the efficacy was significantly better in motor evoked potentials (I
2 = 86.5%, P < .001, 95% CI [−1.38, −0.83]).

Conclusions:
Data analysis clarified the efficacy of rTMS) combined with TOT on upper extremity motor function disorders after stroke, but there was no significant difference between the efficacy in box and block test, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and modified Barthel Index and the efficacy in motor evoked potentials between rTMS and the control group, suggesting that the neuro plasticizing effect of rTMS may translate into functional improvement by promoting neuro electrical signaling.
IgA nephropathy with minimal change disease associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: A case report
Authors: Choi Jungyoon , Lee Tae Won , Bae Eunjin , Jang Ha Nee , An Hyo Jung , Chang Se-Ho , Park Dong Jun 
Published: June 2023

Rationale:
Only 1 case of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with minimal change disease (MCD) associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) has been reported. We additionally describe IgAN with MCD associated with primary SS.

Patient concerns:
A 80-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of generalized edema that had started 4 weeks prior. She reported a sense of thirst and dry eye for the last 5 years.

Diagnoses:
Her initial laboratory findings were compatible with nephrotic syndrome; both the antinuclear antibody (1:80) and anti-SS-A (Ro) antibody (200 U/mL) tests were positive. A salivary gland scan revealed markedly decreased uptake for both the parotid and submandibular glands. The Schirmer test was positive. The random urine protein/creatinine ratio was 10 mg/mg. Renal biopsy was compatible with IgAN with superimposed MCD.

Interventions:
Furosemide was intravenously administered with intermittent albumin infusion for her edema control. She was started on prednisone 40mg daily for 6 weeks, which was tapered to 5 mg for another 6 months after starting prednisolone.

Outcomes:
Over the next 6 months, her edema improved and the proteinuria decreased significantly.

Lessons:
Physician should suspect IgA with MCD when patient with SS clinically showed nephrotic syndrome, and perform renal biopsy for pathologically diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Development of giant cell arteritis after vaccination against SARS-CoV2: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wakabayashi Hiroki , Iwayanagi Misa , Sakai Daiki , Sugiura Yoshiya , Hiruta Nobuyuki , Matsuzawa Yasuo , Kaneko Kaichi 
Published: June 2023

Rationale:
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an autoimmune vasculitis that affects large and medium-sized blood vessels. The mRNA vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has been associated with the development of immune-mediated diseases. In this article, we present a case of GCA that developed after vaccination against SARS-CoV2.

Patient concerns:
A 77-year-old man developed fever, general fatigue, and headache 1 day after the third dose of vaccination against SARS-CoV2. Nodular swelling and tenderness of the bilateral temporal arteries were observed.

Diagnoses:
Although right temporal artery biopsies were negative, the patient was diagnosed with GCA based on criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology for the classification of GCA.

Interventions:
The patient received methylprednisolone 1000 mg for 3 days. This was followed by prednisolone 1 mg/kg/d, which was decreased by 10 mg every week to 30 mg. From day 16 of hospitalization, the patient received tocilizumab 162 mg/wk every other week.

Outcomes:
There was no occurrence of acute side effects. After 38 days of treatment, the condition improved and the patient was discharged from the hospital; as stated above, the dose of prednisolone was tapered to 30 mg/d.

Lessons:
We experienced a case of GCA that occurred immediately after vaccination against SARS-CoV2 with an mRNA vaccine. Early signs of GCA include fever, fatigue, and headache, and often resemble those noted after vaccination against SARS-CoV2. The potential presence of GCA should be determined in individuals with persistent fever and headache after vaccination against SARS-CoV2.
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during resection of recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis: A case report
Authors: Wang Wenyang , Zhu Zhirui , He Wenlong , Hu Yaoqin , Zeng Qiao 
Published: June 2023

Rationale:
Recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis (RLP) is a common benign tumor in the larynx of children, which is characterized by high recurrence rate and rapid growth, leading to clinical symptoms such as hoarseness and difficulty breathing. Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the main treatment, but ventilation problems are often encountered during surgery.

Patient concerns:
We report a case of a 2-year-old child with RLP who underwent low-temperature plasma RFA with the assistance of a laryngoscope. However, the surgery had to be temporarily stopped due to ventilation difficulties and difficulty in maintaining blood oxygen saturation during the procedure.

Diagnosis:
The child was diagnosed with RLP.

Interventions:
The child underwent low-temperature plasma RFA supported by laryngoscopy assisted by ECMO.

Outcomes:
Despite ventilation problems during surgery, the use of ECMO support helped maintain good oxygen saturation in the child and provided a clear surgical field, enabling the tumor to be quickly and cleanly removed. Therefore, the use of ECMO provided critical support during the surgery.

Lessons:
This case highlights the importance of airway management during laryngeal papillomatosis surgery. A thorough airway assessment should be performed before anesthesia, and early use of ECMO can reduce harm to the child and ensure the child’s safety.
Identifying individuals at risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma: challenges, existing tools and future steps
Authors: Kunzmann Andrew T. , Rubenstein Joel H. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose of review
This review aims to discuss some of the clinical and epidemiological challenges of risk prediction models; summarize the evidence supporting existing models; and highlight the translational requirements.

Recent findings
A variety of risk prediction models exist to identify prevalent Barrett's esophagus or predict future esophageal adenocarcinoma. External validation studies have investigated performance of these models in a variety of settings. These models appear to be more predictive than use of symptoms alone, but the added complexity means that implementation challenges may require investigation.

Summary
Risk prediction models could be useful for identifying individuals at an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which could assist screening decisions. However, risk prediction models must be implemented with care. Implementation science to assist the translation of existing models into practice may be an important next step.
Right Ventricular Strain Analysis By Tissue Tracking Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Pediatric Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Tawfik Ahmed M. , Sobh Donia M. , Gadelhak Basma , Zedan Mohamed M. , Sobh Hoda M. , Eid Riham , Hamdy Nashwa , Batouty Nihal M. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
To investigate right ventricular (RV) volume and mass by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and the added value of tissue tracking strain analysis as markers of RV dysfunction in pediatric patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and preserved RV ejection fraction.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five children with ESRD and preserved RVEF (>50%) and 10 healthy control children were enrolled. Tissue tracking CMR was used to assess Global Longitudinal, circumferential (GCS), and radial short and long axes (GRS SAX and GRS LAX) RV strains in the patients group compared with controls. Correlations between strain parameters and other CMR parameters and clinical biomarkers were assessed. Binary logistic regression was used to test the independence of cofounders and detect their significance.

Results:
RV end-diastolic volume and mass (RVMi) were significantly higher in patients (97.2±19.3 mL/m2 and 26.6±7gr/m2) than control (71±7.8 mL/m2 and 11.9±2 gr/m2, P values 0.000). All RV global strain parameters were significantly impaired in patients compared with control (all P values <0.05). RV Global Longitudinal was significantly correlated to LVEF (r=−0.416, P=0.039), LVEDVi (r=0.481, P=0.015), LVMi (r=0.562, P=0.004), and systolic blood pressure index (r=0.586, P=0.002). RV GRS (LAX) was significantly correlated to LV GCS (r=−0.462, P=0.020) and LV GRS (SAX) (r=0.454, P=0.023). GRS (SAX) and GCS demonstrated the highest diagnostic accuracy (area under curve: 0.82 and 0.81) to detect strain impairment. Univariate binary logistic regression with patients versus control as dependent variables identified LVMi, RV end-diastolic volume, RVMi, weight, body surface area, RV GCS, RV GRS (LAX), RV GRS (SAX), LV GCS, and LV GRS (SAX) as significantly correlated to patients with ESRD. When adjusted to other cofounders in the multivariable model, only RVMi remained as an independent significant cofounder (Odds ratio:0.395, P=0.046).

Conclusion:
RV global strain, volume, and mass by CMR are markers of RV dysfunction in ESRD pediatric patients with preserved RVEF.
Pharyngeal Arches, Chapter 1: Normal Development and Derivatives
Authors: Toro-Tobon Sara , Manrique Monica , Paredes-Gutierrez Juliana , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Oh Haley , Ahmad Laiba , Oh Albert K. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: June 2023

The pharyngeal arches form the cornerstone of the complex anatomy of the face and neck. These embryologic structures are the foundation of face and neck development, and anomalous growth can result in craniofacial abnormalities. Surgeons who manage head and neck pathology and pathoanatomy will invariably encounter conditions associated with aberrant pharyngeal arch anatomy, and a thorough understanding of the normal and pathological development of these important structures is paramount to accurate diagnosis and treatment.
This manuscript is the first of a three-part educational series that addressed the pharyngeal/branchial arch embryology, development, nomenclature, and normal anatomy (Part I), pathologic anomalies of ear and neck derived from abnormal development of the arches (Part II), and different types of orofacial clefts, including Tessier clefts (Part III).
Foveal RGCs develop altered calcium dynamics weeks after photoreceptor ablation
Authors: Xu Zhengyang , Kunala Karteek , Murphy Peter , Patak Laura , Puthussery Teresa , McGregor Juliette 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective or purposePhysiological changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been reported in rodent models of photoreceptor (PR) loss but this has not been investigated in primates. By expressing both a calcium indicator (GCaMP6s) and an optogenetic actuator (ChrimsonR) in foveal RGCs of the macaque, we reactivated RGCsin vivoand assessed their response in the weeks and years following PR loss.DesignWe used anin vivocalcium imaging approach to record optogenetically evoked activity in deafferented RGCs in primate fovea. Cellular scale recordings were made longitudinally over a 10 week period following photoreceptor ablation and compared to responses from RGCs that had lost photoreceptor input more than two years prior.ParticipantsThree eyes received photoreceptor ablation, OD of a maleMacaca mulatta(M1), OS of a femaleMacaca fascicularis(M2) and OD of a maleMacaca fascicularis(M3). Two animals were used forin vivorecording, one for histological assessment.MethodsCones were ablated with an ultrafast laser delivered through an adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). A 0.5 s pulse of 25Hz 660nm light optogenetically stimulated RGCs, and the resulting GCaMP fluorescence signal was recorded using AOSLO. Measurements were repeated over 10 weeks immediately after PR ablation, at 2.3 years and in control RGCs.Main Outcome measuresThe calcium rise time, decay constant and sensitivity index of optogenetic mediated RGC were derived from GCaMP fluorescence recordings from 221 RGCs (Animal M1) and 218 RGCs (Animal M2)in vivo.ResultsFollowing photoreceptor ablation, the mean decay constant of the calcium response in RGCs decreased 1.5 fold (1.6±0.5 s to 0.6±0.3 s SD) over the 10 week observation period in subject 1 and 2.1 fold (2.5±0.5 s to 1.2±0.2 s SD) within 8 weeks in subject 2. Calcium rise time and sensitivity index were stable. Optogenetic reactivation remained possible 2.3 years after PR ablation.ConclusionsAltered calcium dynamics developed in primate foveal RGCs in the weeks after photoreceptor ablation. The mean decay constant of optogenetic mediated calcium responses decreased 1.5 - 2-fold. This is the first report of this phenomenon in primate retina and further work is required to understand the role these changes play in cell survival and activity.
MFGE8 inhibits insulin signaling through PTP1B
Authors: Datta Ritwik , Podolsky Michael J , Yang Christopher D , Alba Diana L. , Singh Sukhmani , Koliwad Suneil , Lizama Carlos O , Atabai Kamran 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTThe role of integrins in regulating insulin signaling is incompletely understood. We have previously shown that binding of the integrin ligand milk fat globule epidermal growth factor like 8 (MFGE8) to the αvβ5 integrin promotes termination of insulin receptor signaling in mice. Upon ligation of MFGE8, β5 complexes with the insulin receptor beta (IRβ) in skeletal muscle resulting in dephosphorylation of IRβ and reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Here we investigate the mechanism by which the interaction between β5 and IRβ impacts IRβ phosphorylation status. We show that β5 blockade inhibits and MFGE8 promotes PTP1B binding to and dephosphorylation of IRβ resulting in reduced or increased insulin-stimulated myotube glucose uptake respectively. The β5-PTP1B complex is recruited by MFGE8 to IRβ leading to termination of canonical insulin signaling. β5 blockade enhances insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in wild type but notPtp1bKO mice indicating that PTP1B functions downstream of MFGE8 in modulating insulin receptor signaling. Furthermore, in a human cohort, we report serum MFGE8 levels correlate with indices of insulin resistance. These data provide mechanistic insights into the role of MFGE8 and β5 in regulating insulin signaling.
Gene Expression and Physiological traits in Mice
Authors: Ramos Rafael , Nelson Igor 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundGene expression regulates several complex traits observed. In this study, datasets comprising of transcriptome information and clinical traits regarding fat composition and vitals were analyzed via several statistical methods in order to find relations between genes and clinical outcomes.ResultsBiological big data is diverse and numerous, which makes for a complex case study and difficulties to stablish a metric. Histological data with semi-quantitative scores proved unreliable to correlate with other vitals, such as cholesterol composition, which complicates prediction of clinical outcomes. A composition of vitals, turned out to be a better variable for regression and factors for gene analysis. Several genes were found to be statistically significant after statistical analysis by ANOVA regarding the progressive categories of the preferred clinical variable.ConclusionsANOVA is proposed as a method for genetic information retrieval in order to extract biological meaning from RNA seq or microarray data, accounting for multiple classes of target variables. It Provides a reliable statistical method to associate genes or clusters of genes with particular traits.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available in annexes.
Direct and indirect consequences ofPAB1deletion in the regulation of translation initiation, translation termination, and mRNA decay
Authors: Mangkalaphiban Kotchaphorn , Ganesan Robin , Jacobson Allan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTCytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC; Pab1 in yeast) is thought to be involved in multiple steps of post-transcriptional control, including translation initiation, translation termination, and mRNA decay. To understand these roles of PABPC in more detail for endogenous mRNAs, and to distinguish its direct effects from indirect effects, we have employed RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq to analyze changes in the abundance and translation of the yeast transcriptome, as well as mass spectrometry to assess the abundance of the components of the yeast proteome, in cells lacking thePAB1gene. We observed drastic changes in the transcriptome and proteome, as well as defects in translation initiation and termination, inpab1Δcells. Defects in translation initiation and the stabilization of specific classes of mRNAs inpab1Δcells appear to be partly indirect consequences of reduced levels of specific initiation factors, decapping activators, and components of the deadenylation complex in addition to the general loss of Pab1’s direct role in these processes. Cells devoid of Pab1 also manifested a nonsense codon readthrough phenotype indicative of a defect in translation termination, but this defect may be a direct effect of the loss of Pab1 as it could not be attributed to significant reductions in the levels of release factors.AUTHOR SUMMARYMany human diseases are caused by having too much or too little of certain cellular proteins. The amount of an individual protein is influenced by the level of its messenger mRNA (mRNA) and the efficiency of translation of the mRNA into a polypeptide chain by the ribosomes. Cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC) plays numerous roles in the regulation of this multi-staged process, but understanding its specific role has been challenging because it is sometimes unclear whether experimental results are related to PABPC’s direct role in a specific biochemical process or to indirect effects of its other roles, leading to conflicting models of PABPC’s functions between studies. In this study, we characterized defects of each stage of protein synthesis in response to loss of PABPC in yeast cells by measuring whole-cell levels of mRNAs, ribosome-associated mRNAs, and proteins. We demonstrated that defects in most steps of protein synthesis other than the last can be explained by reduced levels of mRNAs that code for proteins important for that step in addition to loss of PABPC’s direct role on that step. Our data and analyses serve as resources for the design of future studies of PABPC’s functions.
“Evolution of the mutation spectrum across a mammalian phylogeny”
Authors: Beichman Annabel C. , Robinson Jacqueline , Lin Meixi , Moreno-Estrada Andrés , Nigenda-Morales Sergio , Harris Kelley 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLittle is known about how the spectrum and etiology of germline mutagenesis might vary among mammalian species. To shed light on this mystery, we quantify variation in mutational sequence context biases using polymorphism data from thirteen species of mice, apes, bears, wolves, and cetaceans. After normalizing the mutation spectrum for reference genome accessibility andk-mer content, we use the Mantel test to deduce that mutation spectrum divergence is highly correlated with genetic divergence between species, whereas life history traits like reproductive age are weaker predictors of mutation spectrum divergence. Potential bioinformatic confounders are only weakly related to a small set of mutation spectrum features. We find that clocklike mutational signatures previously inferred from human cancers cannot explain the phylogenetic signal exhibited by the mammalian mutation spectrum, despite the ability of these clocklike signatures to fit each species’ 3-mer spectrum with high cosine similarity. In contrast, parental aging signatures inferred from human de novo mutation data appear to explain much of the mutation spectrum’s phylogenetic signal when fit to non-context-dependent mutation spectrum data in combination with a novel mutational signature. We posit that future models purporting to explain the etiology of mammalian mutagenesis need to capture the fact that more closely related species have more similar mutation spectra; a model that fits each marginal spectrum with high cosine similarity is not guaranteed to capture this hierarchy of mutation spectrum variation among species.
Cell motility modes are selected by the interplay of mechanosensitive adhesion and membrane tension
Authors: Chen Yuzhu , Saintillan David , Rangamani Padmini 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe initiation of directional cell motion requires symmetry breaking that can happen both with or without external stimuli. During cell crawling, forces generated by the cytoskeleton and their transmission through mechanosensitive adhesions to the extracellular substrate play a crucial role. In a recently proposed 1D model (Sens, PNAS 2020), a mechanical feedback loop between force-sensitive adhesions and cell tension was shown to be sufficient to explain spontaneous symmetry breaking and multiple motility patterns through stick-slip dynamics, without the need to account for signaling networks or active polar gels. We extended this model to 2D to study the interplay between cell shape and mechanics during crawling. Through a local force balance along a deformable boundary, we show that the membrane tension coupled with shape change can regulate the spatiotemporal evolution of the stochastic binding of mechanosensitive adhesions. Linear stability analysis identified the unstable parameter regimes where spontaneous symmetry breaking can take place. Using simulations to solve the fully coupled nonlinear system of equations, we show that starting from a randomly perturbed circular shape, this instability can lead to keratocyte-like shapes. Simulations predict that different adhesion kinetics and membrane tension can result in different cell motility modes including gliding, zigzag, rotating, and sometimes chaotic movements. Thus, using a minimal model of cell motility, we identify that the interplay between adhesions and tension can select emergent motility modes.