bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Illiberal Democracy’ after Post‐Democracy: Revisiting the Case of Hungary
Authors: Kim Seongcheol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn taking stock of the ruling Fidesz party's project of ‘illiberal democracy’ in Hungary, this article first develops considerations based on Claude Lefort's democratic theory for critiquing ‘illiberal democracy’ and post‐democracy alike, situating the former in an early 2010s post‐democratic moment characterised by the emergence of a neoliberal crisis management regime in the Eurozone. ‘Illiberal democracy’ and ‘market‐conforming democracy’ are both problematic from this standpoint insofar as they subordinate the key Lefortian dimension of democratic contestation to either the primacy of the markets or a reified conception of the ‘national interest’ as represented by a single party. The analysis then traces the development of ‘illiberal democracy’ and its construction of key signifiers such as the ‘national interest’ in programmatic speeches made by Viktor Orbán, from its beginnings in the post‐democratic moment to subsequent crisis conjunctures in which it has redefined itself against ever newer threats.
‘Vaccine populism’ and migrant assistance: On the contingency of mutual aid in Italy's Alpine region
Authors: Storer Elizabeth , Torre Costanza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrior to COVID‐19, migrant journeys through the Mediterranean were often described with reference to the barriers posed within ‘fortress Europe’ or through registers which centre migrant's adeptness at navigating draconian immigration regimes. Between these two contexts, this paper explores how a public authority lens can assist in understanding the implications of COVID‐19 and associated vaccine bureaucracies. We draw on ethnographic research on the Italian‐French Alpine border and chart how ‘vaccine populism’—perpetuated in nationalist political discourse as well as in the counter‐commentaries of resistance offered by solidarity networks—has specific implications for migrants' access to vaccines and health information. We argue that analyses attentive to the subtle nuances of state and local politics provide an important entry point to map multi‐scalar power dynamics which accompany universal health policies. Through considering the complex realities relating to Alpine crossings, we advocate from less categorising approaches to vaccinating migrants.
Ketone bodies: A double‐edged sword for mammalian life span
Authors: Tomita Issei , Tsuruta Hiroaki , Yasuda‐Yamahara Mako , Yamahara Kosuke , Kuwagata Shogo , Tanaka‐Sasaki Yuki , Chin‐Kanasaki Masami , Fujita Yukihiro , Nishi Eiichiro , Katagiri Hideki , Maegawa Hiroshi , Kume Shinji 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests health benefits of ketone bodies, and especially for longevity. However, the precise role of endogenous ketogenesis in mammalian life span, and the safety and efficacy of the long‐term exogenous supplementation of ketone bodies remain unclear. In the present study, we show that a deficiency in endogenous ketogenesis, induced by whole‐body Hmgcs2 deletion, shortens life span in mice, and that this is prevented by daily ketone body supplementation using a diet containing 1,3‐butanediol, a precursor of β‐hydroxybutyrate. Furthermore, feeding the 1,3‐butanediol‐containing diet from early in life increases midlife mortality in normal mice, but in aged mice it extends life span and prevents the high mortality associated with atherosclerosis in ApoE‐deficient mice. By contrast, an ad libitum low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diet markedly increases mortality. In conclusion, endogenous ketogenesis affects mammalian survival, and ketone body supplementation may represent a double‐edged sword with respect to survival, depending on the method of administration and health status.
Childhood fever and medical students: A multicentre, educational intervention
Authors: Milani Gregorio P. , Corsello Antonio , Schulz Peter J. , Fadda Marta , Giannì Maria Lorella , Alberti Ilaria , Comotti Anna , Marchisio Paola , Chiappini Elena , Peroni Diego 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimMisconceptions and non‐evidence‐based practices toward childhood fever are reported worldwide. Medical students might be ideal candidates to introduce long‐lasting changes in clinical practice. However, no study has gauged the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve fever management in this population. We conducted an educational, interventional study on childhood fever among final‐year medical students.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, multicentre interventional study employing a pre/post‐test design. Participants from three Italian Universities filled in a questionnaire just before the intervention (T0), immediately after (T1) and 6 months later (T2) in 2022. The intervention was a two‐hour lecture focused on the pathophysiology of fever, recommendations for its treatment and risks associated with improper management.Results188 final‐year medical students (median age of 26 years, 67% females) were enrolled. Relevant improvements in the criterion for treating fever and conceptions about the beneficial effects of fever were observed at T1 and T2. Similar data were found for the reduction of physical methods advice to decrease body temperature and concerns for brain damage from fever.ConclusionThis study shows for the first time that an educational intervention is effective in changing students' conceptions and attitudes toward fever both in the short and medium term.
Attitudes of mothers and health care providers towards behavioural interventions promoting breastfeeding uptake: A systematic review of qualitative and mixed‐method studies
Authors: Rojas‐García Antonio , Lingeman Sabrina , Kassianos Angelos P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeRecommendations for exclusive breastfeeding are not often adhered to despite the robust evidence of its benefits. This systematic review aims to collate evidence on the attitudes mothers and health care providers have towards breastfeeding interventions to understand what aspects best contribute to acceptability and feasibility.MethodsThis review further investigates the value of identifiable behaviour change techniques (BCTs) to uncover which components of an intervention are perceived to be most useful and acceptable. The main biomedical databases were searched, and 17 (n = 17) studies met the inclusion criteria.ResultsA total of nine BCTs were identified within the interventions. The thematic analysis produced four main domains: usefulness, accessibility, value and sustainability. Women discussed the importance of the support they received in these interventions and demonstrated a positive view towards three BCTs: ‘social support (unspecified)’, ‘instruction on how to perform behaviour’ and ‘demonstration of behaviour’. Additionally, women highlighted the benefit of personal, non‐clinical and flexible emotional and practical support from peers, lactation consultants and support groups. Health care providers echoed these opinions and specifically highlighted the usefulness of interventions that allowed for continuity of care and more personal breastfeeding support.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that ongoing practical as well as emotional support is crucial for standard in‐hospital support to succeed at increasing breastfeeding rates. Future research would need to better understand the nuances of the interventions among women and providers to enhance their implementation.
MiR‐34 by targeting p53 induces apoptosis and DNA damage in paclitaxel‐resistant human oral squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Mortezagholi Bardia , Nasiri Kamyar , Movahed Emad , Dadgar Esmaeel , Nejati Seyedeh Tabasom , Hassani Pardis , Esfahaniani Mahla , Rafieyan Sona 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMicroRNA‐34 (miR‐34) is one the most important tumor suppressor miRNAs involving in the various aspects of oral cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of miR‐34 restoration in OECM‐1 oral cancer resistant to paclitaxel (OECM‐1/PTX) and its underlying mechanisms through p53‐mediated DNA damage and apoptosis. OECM‐1 and OECM‐1/PTX were transfected with miR‐34 mimic and inhibitor. Cellular proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated through MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, p‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 were assessed through qRT‐PCR and western blotting. Rhodamin123 uptake assay was used to measure the P‐gp activities. P53 expression was also suppressed by sing a siRNA transfection of cells. The expression levels of miR‐34 were downregulated in OECM‐1/PTX. Restoration of miR‐34 led to increase in cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel in cells. In addition, the expression levels and activities of P‐gp were reduced following miR‐34 transfection. miR‐34 transfection upregulated the p53, ATM, ATR, CHK1, and CHK2 expression levels in OECM‐1/PTX cells. Furthermore, cells transfected with miR‐34 showed higher levels of apoptosis. miR‐34 restoration reverses paclitaxel resistance in OECM‐1 oral cancer. The chemosensitive effects of miR‐34 is mediated through increasing DNA damage and apoptosis in a p53 depended manner.
Glaucocalyxin A attenuates carbon tetrachloride‐induced liver fibrosis and improves the associated gut microbiota imbalance
Authors: Qu Ru , Zhang Wang , Ma Zhuang , Ma Qianwen , Chen Mingju , Lan Tian , Zhou Lin , Hu Xuguang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLiver fibrosis refers to the pathophysiological process of dysplasia on the connective tissue of the liver, caused by a variety of pathogenic factors. Glaucocalyxin A (GLA) has anticoagulation, antibacterial, anti‐inflammation, antioxidant and antitumour properties. However, whether GLA ameliorates liver fibrosis or not is still unclear. In this study, a liver fibrosis model was established using male C57BL/6 mice. The mice were treated with 5 and 10 mg/kg GLA via intraperitoneal injection, respectively. The ones that were treated with 5 mg/kg OCA were used as the positive control group. The levels of liver function, liver fibrosis biomarkers and liver pathological changes were then evaluated. We also explored the effects of GLA on inflammatory response and liver cell apoptosis. In addition, we investigated the gut microbiota mechanisms of GLA on liver fibrosis. The results from this study that GLA could significantly decrease the level of liver function (AST, ALT, TBA) and liver fibrosis (HA, LN, PC‐III, IV‐C). On the other hand, a significant decrease in inflammation levels (IL‐1β, TNF‐α) were also noted. GLA also improves CCl4‐induced pathological liver injuries and collagen deposition, in addition to decreasing apoptosis levels. In addition, an increase in the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in liver disease was also observed. GLA also improves the gut microbiota. In conclusion, GLA attenuates CCl4‐induced liver fibrosis and improves the associated gut microbiota imbalance.
A machine learning‐based KNIME workflow to predict VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Authors: Tripathi Nancy , Bhardwaj Nivedita , Kumar Sanjay , Jain Shreyans K. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are specific cytokines involved in angiogenesis and do so via binding to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), a type of receptor tyrosine kinase. VEGFs are reported to facilitate angiogenesis in physiological (embryogenesis) and pathological (tumor) conditions. The overexpression of VEGFs and consequently VEGFRs is reported in tumorigenic conditions. Several VEGFR inhibitors currently used as anticancer drugs to prevent angiogenesis are sunitinib, sorafenib, etc. To identify new potential candidates as VEGFR inhibitors, a classification study using a large and diverse dataset of VEGFR inhibitors from the BindingDB database has been conducted. The KNIME platform was used to calculate molecular and fingerprint‐based descriptors and several classification algorithms viz. linear regression (LR), k‐nearest neighbor (kNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosted tree (GBT) were employed to build the classification model. The model performance was evaluated by accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of the test set. The best LR, kNN, DT, RF, and GBT classifiers had the F1 score of 0.81, 0.87, 0.82, 0.87, and 0.87, respectively. The assorted 5120 VEGFR inhibitors were clustered into 10 subsets, and the structural features of each subset were assessed along with the identification of significant fragments in active and inactive compounds. The automated classifier model developed using the KNIME platform could serve as an important platform for screening and designing molecules as VEGFR inhibitors.
Management of macular oedema due to retinal vein occlusion: An evidence‐based systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cornish Elisa E. , Zagora Sophia L. , Spooner Kimberley , Fraser‐Bell Samantha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCentral retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion are common causes of visual loss due to associated macular oedema. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of interventions improving vision and treating macular oedema in central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion.MethodsMedical search engines and clinical trial registries were systematically searched. Randomised clinical trials with ≥90 eyes and real‐world outcome studies with ≥100 eyes each with ≥6 months follow‐up were included.ResultsThere were 11 randomised controlled trials evaluating treatments for central retinal vein occlusion which met the inclusion criteria and 10 for branch retinal vein occlusion. There were 10 real world outcome studies of central retinal vein occlusion and 5 real world outcome studies of branch retinal vein occlusion. Meta‐analysis was performed on studies that met the defined inclusion criteria. Main outcomes were change in visual acuity at 6‐, 12‐, 24‐ and 36 months by treatment.ConclusionsIntravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial derived growth factor is recommended as first line treatment over intravitreal corticosteroid due to its effectiveness and lower rate of ocular adverse events. Best outcomes are achieved when intravitreal treatment is started early. Macular laser may have an adjunctive role in branch retina vein occlusion but not central retinal vein occlusion.
A retrospective cohort study on dental implant survival in patients with grafted alveolar clefts
Authors: van Putten Yordi , Rozeboom Antoinette V. J. , Strabbing Elske M. , Koudstaal Maarten J. , Tahmaseb Ali 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the survival rate of dental implants inserted in an alveolar cleft area where one or more bone graft procedures were performed and to identify possible factors that affect the survival rate.Materials and MethodsThe available data from 78 implants placed in 64 patients with grafted alveolar clefts were retrospectively analysed. Statistical analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, log‐rank tests and univariable Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe median follow‐up period from insertion to the last follow‐up appointment was 46 months (IQR: 29–79.3). In five patients, a single implant failed. This resulted in a cumulative survival rate of 95.0% at median follow‐up. The factors investigated in this study did not have a significant effect on implant survival.ConclusionsDental implants placed in patients with alveolar clefts are a reliable treatment option for dental rehabilitation.
Perfect duet: Dual recombinases improve genetic resolution
Authors: Li Hongxin , Weng Wendong , Zhou Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a powerful genetic tool, site‐specific recombinases (SSRs) have been widely used in genomic manipulation to elucidate cell fate plasticity in vivo, advancing research in stem cell and regeneration medicine. However, the low resolution of conventional single‐recombinase‐mediated lineage tracing strategies, which rely heavily on the specificity of one marker gene, has led to controversial conclusions in many scientific questions. Therefore, different SSRs systems are combined to improve the accuracy of lineage tracing. Here we review the recent advances in dual‐recombinase‐mediated genetic approaches, including the development of novel genetic recombination technologies and their applications in cell differentiation, proliferation, and genetic manipulation. In comparison with the single‐recombinase system, we also discuss the advantages of dual‐genetic strategies in solving scientific issues as well as their technical limitations.
Lactate‐induced protein lactylation: A bridge between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming in cancer
Authors: Wang Ting , Ye Zeng , Li Zheng , Jing De‐sheng , Fan Gui‐xiong , Liu Meng‐qi , Zhuo Qi‐feng , Ji Shun‐rong , Yu Xian‐jun , Xu Xiao‐wu , Qin Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLactate is not only an endpoint of glycolysis but is gradually being discovered to play the role of a universal metabolic fuel for energy via the ‘lactate shuttle’ moving between cells and transmitting signals. The glycolytic‐dependent metabolism found in tumours and fast‐growing cells has made lactate a pivotal player in energy metabolism reprogramming, which enables cells to obtain abundant energy in a short time. Moreover, lactate can provide favourable conditions for tumorigenesis by shaping the acidic tumour microenvironment, recruiting immune cells, etc. and the recently discovered lactate‐induced lactylation moves even further on pro‐tumorigenesis mechanisms of lactate production, circulation and utilization. As with other epigenetic modifications, lactylation can modify histone proteins to alter the spatial configuration of chromatin, affect DNA accessibility and regulate the expression of corresponding genes. What's more, the degree of lactylation is inseparable from the spatialized lactate concentration, which builds a bridge between epigenetics and metabolic reprogramming. Here, we review the important role of lactate in energy reprogramming, summarize the latest finding of lactylation in tumorigenesis and try to explore therapeutic strategies in oncotherapy that can kill two birds with one stone.
Rilzabrutinib, a reversible covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Absorption, metabolism, excretion, and absolute bioavailability in healthy participants
Authors: Ucpinar Sibel , Smith Patrick F. , Long Li , Li Fujun , Yan Hui , Wadhwa Jyoti , Chu Katherine A. , Shu Jin , Nunn Philip , Li Mengyao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis single‐center, open‐label, non‐randomized, two‐part, phase I study was conducted (1) to evaluate the absolute oral bioavailability of rilzabrutinib 400 mg tablet following an i.v. microtracer dose of ~100 μg [14C]‐rilzabrutinib (~1 μCi) and single oral dose of 400 mg rilzabrutinib tablet (part 1), and (2) to characterize the absorption, metabolism, and excretion (AME) of 14C‐radiolabeled rilzabrutinib following single oral dose (300 mg) of [14C]‐rilzabrutinib (~1000 μCi; administered as a liquid) in healthy male participants (part 2). A total of 18 subjects were enrolled (n = 8 in part 1; n = 10 in part 2). The absolute bioavailability of 400 mg rilzabrutinib oral tablet was low (<5%). In part 1, rilzabrutinib was absorbed rapidly after single oral dose of rilzabrutinib 400 mg tablet with a median (range) time to maximum concentration (Tmax) value of 2.03 h (1.83–2.50 h). The geometric mean (coefficient of variation) terminal half‐life following the oral dose and i.v. microtracer dose of ~100 μg [14C]‐rilzabrutinib, were 3.20 (51.0%) and 1.78 (37.6%) h, respectively. In part 2, rilzabrutinib was also absorbed rapidly following single oral dose of 300 mg [14C]‐rilzabrutinib solution with a median (range) Tmax value of 1.00 h (1.00–2.00 h). The majority of total radioactivity was in the feces for both non‐bile collection subjects (92.9%) and bile collection subjects (87.6%), and ~5% of radioactivity was recovered in urine after oral administration. Urinary excretion of unchanged rilzabrutinib was low (3.02%). The results of this study advance the understanding of the absolute bioavailability and AME of rilzabrutinib and can help inform its further investigation.
Optimizing donor tooth selection for autotransplantation in the anterior maxilla via CBCT‐based root width and crown‐root angle measurements
Authors: Companioni Stephanie , Nguyen Tung , Divaris Kimon , Christensen John 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackground/AimThe clinical management of growing patients with missing teeth in the anterior maxilla can be challenging due to limited treatment options and high esthetic demands. Tooth autotransplantation (AT) is a viable option for these cases. The selection of donor teeth has been reported to be driven by root development, existing malocclusion, and esthetics. The aim of this study was to add to the evidence base of tooth selection criteria for AT by examining candidate donor teeth root width and crown‐root angles, two factors arguably important for surgical planning and esthetics.Material and MethodsCementoenamel junction (CEJ) tooth width and crown‐root angle measurements were made using cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 30 children and adolescents of European descent (mean age = 13 years, range = 10–17 years; 63% male) from a private orthodontic practice. Measurements of maxillary central and lateral incisors (index teeth) were compared with measurements of maxillary second premolars, mandibular central incisors, and mandibular first and second premolars (candidate donor teeth). Analyses relied on descriptive statistics of mean within‐subject differences between index and donor teeth and the proportion of individuals without clinically important differences (i.e., >1.5 mm width deficit and > 15 degrees crown‐root angle difference).ResultsMandibular first premolars were the most compatible teeth for the replacement of maxillary central incisors based on both width (≥97% of individuals) and angle measurements (≥87% of individuals), followed closely by mandibular second premolars. Mandibular central incisors were the most compatible for the replacement of maxillary laterals, among all individuals based on width and ≥ 90% based on angle, whereas mandibular first premolars were somewhat less compatible.ConclusionsThe study offers evidence of within‐person, CBCT‐based root width dimension and crown‐root angle compatibilities. This information can be considered in addition to existing tooth selection criteria for AT including Angle's classification, midline deviation, crowding severity, root development, and esthetics.
The effect of urbanisation and seasonality on wild bee abundance, body size and foraging efforts
Authors: Brasil Sandara N. R. , Ayers Anthony C. , Rehan Sandra M. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic changes highly impact the world's biodiversity. An important human‐driven change to natural environments is increasing urbanisation, which is responsible for decreasing suitable habitats for many wild species, including bees.
In this study, we investigate if three levels of urbanisation (low, medium and high) affect body size, foraging efforts and abundance of the sweat bee Agapostemon virescens. Overall, A. virescens was more abundant in medium‐urbanised sites.
Second‐generation females (summer bees) were more abundant than overwintered (spring bees) at all levels of urbanisation. According to body size, female bees were larger in highly urbanised sites and male bees were larger in medium‐urbanised sites. According to foraging efforts, we observed an increase in wing wear during spring and a decrease during summer.
It was also found a female‐biased sex ratio under high urbanisation and a male‐biased in low urbanisation sites. Our results suggest that highly urbanised sites can still provide sufficient nesting and foraging resources for A. virescens.
In addition to our findings of higher bee abundance in low and medium urbanised sites, we suggest that maintaining different levels of urbanisation and heterogenous landscapes within a populous city might have a more positive impact on wild be sustainability.