bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose Effects of Flubendiamide and Thiodicarb Against Spodoptera Species Developing on Bt and Non-Bt Soybean
Authors: Godoy Daniela N. , Pretto Venicius E. , Almeida Poliana G. de , Weschenfelder Marlon A. G. , Warpechowski Luiz F. , Horikoshi Renato J. , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham P. , Bernardi Oderlei 
Published: August 2023

An increase in Spodoptera species was reported in Bt soybean fields expressing Cry1Ac insecticidal proteins in Brazil, requiring additional management with chemical insecticides. Here, we evaluated the dose effects of flubendiamide and thiodicarb on Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858), Spodoptera eridania (Stoll, 1782), Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857) and Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) that survived on MON 87751 × MON 87708 × MON 87701 × MON 89788, expressing Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab2 and Cry1Ac; MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybean, expressing Cry1Ac; and non-Bt soybean. On unsprayed Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Cry1Ac soybean, only S. frugiperda showed ~60% mortality after 10 d, whereas S. cosmioides, S. eridania and S. albula showed &gt;81% mortality. Surviving larvae of all species on this Bt soybean showed &amp;gt;80% mortality when exposed to the field label dose of flubendiamide (70 mL/ha) or thiodicarb (400 g/ha) or at 50% of these doses. In contrast, all four species had &lt;25% and &lt;19% mortality on Cry1Ac and non-Bt soybean, respectively. Surviving S. cosmioides, S. eridania and S. albula on these soybean types presented &gt;83% mortality post-exposure to both dose levels of flubendiamide and thiodicarb. Some S. frugiperda larvae surviving on Cry1Ac and non-Bt soybean sprayed with a 50% dose of either insecticide developed into adults. However, L1 larvae developing on Cry1Ac soybean leaves sprayed with flubendiamide and L2 larvae on this soybean sprayed with thiodicarb had a prolonged immature stage, and females lower fecundity, which are likely to impact its population growth on soybean.
Comparison of clinical and radiological outcomes for the anterior and medial approaches to open reduction in the treatment of bilateral developmental dysplasia of the hip. A systematic review protocol.
Authors: Jenner Edward , Chauhan Govind Singh , Burahee Abdus , Choudri Junaid , Gardner Adrian , Bache Edward 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) affects 1–3% of newborns and 20% of cases are bilateral. The optimal surgical management strategy for patients with bilateral DDH who fail bracing, closed reduction or present too late for these methods to be used is unclear. There are proponents of both medial approach open reduction (MAOR) and anterior approach open reduction (AOR), however, there is little evidence to inform this debate.Methods: We will perform a systematic review designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. We will search the medical and scientific databases including the grey and difficult to locate literature. The Medical Subject Headings “developmental dysplasia of the hip”, “congenital dysplasia of the hip”, “congenital hip dislocation”, “developmental hip dislocation”, and their abbreviations, “DDH” and “CDH” will be used, along with the qualifier “bilateral”. Reviewers will independently screen records for inclusion and then independently extract data study design, population characteristics, details of operative intervention and outcomes from the selected records. Data will be synthesised and a metaanalysis performed if possible. If not possible we will analyse data according to Systematic Review without Meta-Analysis guidance. All studies will assessed for risk of bias. For each outcome measure a summary of findings will be presented in a table with the overall quality of the recommendation assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation approach.Discussion: The decision to perform MAOR or AOR in patients with bilateral DDH who have failed conservative management is not well informed by the current literature. High quality, comparative studies are exceptionally challenging to perform for this patient population and likely to be extremely uncommon. A systematic review provides the best opportunity to deliver the highest possible quality of evidence for bilateral DDH surgical management.Systematic Review Registration: The protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO ID - CRD42022362325).
Curcumin Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Its Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation
Authors: Pathak Adarsh Kumar , Singh Bhuwanendra 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Curcumin is a safe and natural therapeutic moiety. The aim of the study is to design and develop a molecule containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with curcumin. Curcumin-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles will be evaluated using physicochemical and analytical techniques. Fourier transform infrared analysis confirms the successful incorporation of the curcumin into the mesoporous silica cells, where the quaternary carbon has an absorption band at 1521.22 cm-1 and CH2 at 2858.4 cm-1. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms drug entrapment within the silica nanoparticle as well as there is no extra peak of drug in the final hexagonal channel of the loaded nanoparticle. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis techniques have shown that the size of the unloaded and loaded particles is different. MCM-NPs-C-CUR were successfully synthesized and further research will be conducted to investigate their therapeutic profile.
Degradation of PET microplastic particles to monomers in human serum by PETase
Authors: Lopez-Lorenzo Ximena , Hueting David , Bosshard Eliott , Syrén Per-Olof 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
More than 8 bton of plastic waste has been generated posing severe environmental consequences and health risks. Due to prolonged exposure, microplastic particles are found in human blood and other bodily fluids. Despite a lack of toxicity studies regarding microplastics, harmful effects for humans seem plausible and cannot be excluded. As small plastic particles readily translocate from the gut to body fluids, enzyme-based treatment of serum could constitute a promising futureavenue to clear synthetic polymers and their responding oligomers by their degradation into monomers of lower toxicity than the material they originate from. Still, whereas it is known that enzymatic depolymerization rate of synthetic polymers varies orders of magnitude depending on buffer and media composition, the activity of plastic degrading enzymes in serum was unknown. Here we report how an engineered PETase can expediently depolymerize crystalline microplastic-like particles of the commodity polymer polyethylene terephthalate (PET) into its non-toxic monomer terephthalic acid (TPA) alongside mono(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (MHET) in human serum at 37°C. By developing an efficient method to depolymerize microplastics in vitro, our work takes a step closer to find a solution to the problem that microplastics in the bloodstream may pose in the future.
Effect of Surgery before and after Clerkship on the Attitude of Medical Students towards Surgery as a Future Career in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Mashbari Hassan , Madkhali Abdullah , Hamithi Dalal , Hakami Fatimah , Alfaifi Ibrahim , Zogel Basem , Khubrani Fatimah , Mawkili Razan , Hakami Ibrahim , Arishi Abdulaziz 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: It is becoming harder and harder to persuade talented medical students to choose carers in any of the medical specialties. According to studies, the majority of medical students make their final career decision while still in college. Various student and institution related aspects are crucial to the decision of specialization. Gender, age, marital status, prestige influence, surgical mentors, career potential, intellectual challenge, and clerkship experience are among the variables recognized as having a major impact on the decision to choose surgery as a career.
Methodology: Data was collected through an online self- administered questionnaire. The study is a questionnaire based- cross sectional study. Our target population of this study is medical students from 4th year and above, from Saudi Arabia.
Results: This study is conducted in Saudi Arabia with 835 participants, 62.4% were female, and 37.6% were male. The majority of respondents (83.2%) fell within the 18-25 age range. The largest representation of participants came from the Western region (29.7%), followed by the Southern region (27.4%). Regarding career aspirations, 60.5% were willing to pursue a career in surgery, while 39.5% expressed a negative inclination. Among medical students, general surgery showed no significant change in attitudes before and after a surgical clerkship, while other specialties remained largely unaffected. Factors influencing the choice of a surgical career included lifestyle concerns, perception of working hours, prestige, manual activity, intellectual challenge, research opportunities, work-life balance, financial considerations, and patient perception.
Conclusion: Our study indicated that a significant percentage of participants expressed a positive inclination towards pursuing a career in surgery. However, a surgical clerkship did not significantly influence the attitudes of medical students towards general surgery or other specialties. Factors such as lifestyle concerns, working hours, prestige, intellectual challenge, and financial considerations played crucial roles in shaping career choices among medical students.
Health care providers acceptance of default prescribing of TB preventive treatment for people living with HIV in Malawi: a qualitative study
Authors: De Groot Liza M , Shearer Kate , Sambani Clara , Kaonga Emmanuel , Nyirenda Rose , Mbendera Kuzani , Golub Jonathan E. , Hoffmann Christopher. J. , Mulder Christiaan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) substantially reduces the risk of developing active TB for people living with HIV (PLHIV). We utilized a novel implementation strategy based on choice architecture (CAT) which makes TPT prescribing the default option. Through CAT, health care workers (HCWs) need to “opt-out” when choosing not to prescribe TPT to PLHIV. We assessed the prospective, concurrent, and retrospective acceptability of TPT prescribing among HCWs in Malawi who worked in clinics participating in a cluster randomized trial of the CAT intervention.
Methods: 28 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with HCWs from control (standard prescribing approach) and intervention (CAT approach) clinics. The CAT approach was facilitated in intervention clinics using a default prescribing module built into the point-of-care HIV Electronic Medical Record (EMR) system. An interview guide for the qualitative CAT assessment was developed based on the theoretical framework of acceptability and on the normalization process theory. Thematic analysis was used to code the data, using NVivo 12 software.
Results: We identified eight themes belonging to the three chronological constructs of acceptability. HCWs expressed no tension for changing the standard approach to TPT prescribing (prospective acceptability); however, those exposed to CAT described several advantages, including that it served as a
reminder to prescribe TPT and routinized TPT prescribing (concurrent acceptability). Some felt that CAT may reduce HCW´s autonomy and might lead to inappropriate TPT prescribing (retrospective acceptability).
Conclusions: The default prescribing module for TPT has now been incorporated into the point-of-care EMR system nationally in Malawi. This seems to fit the acceptability of the HCWs. Moving forward, it is important to train HCWs on how the EMR can be leveraged to determine who is eligible for TPT and who is not, while acknowledging the autonomy of HCWs.
The microenvironment dictates glycocalyx construction and immune surveillance
Authors: Tharp Kevin , Park Sangwoo , Timblin Greg , Richards Alicia , Twells Nicholas , Riley Nicholas , Peltan Egan , Shon Judy , Stevenson Erica , Tsui Kimberly , Palomba Francesco , Lefebvre Austin , Soens Ross , Ayad Nadia , Hoeve-Scott Johanna ten , Healy Kevin , Digman Michelle , Dillin Andrew , Bertozzi Carolyn , Swaney Danielle , Mahal Lara , Cantor Jason , Paszek Matthew , Weaver Valerie M. , Twells Nicholas 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Efforts to identify anti-cancer therapeutics and understand tumor-immune interactions are built with in vitro models that do not match the microenvironmental characteristics of human tissues. Using in vitro models which mimic the physical properties of healthy or cancerous tissues and a physiologically relevant culture medium, we demonstrate that the chemical and physical properties of the microenvironment regulate the composition and topology of the glycocalyx. Remarkably, we find that cancer and age-related changes in the physical properties of the microenvironment are sufficient to adjust immune surveillance via the topology of the glycocalyx, a previously unknown phenomenon observable only with a physiologically relevant culture medium.
Large common bile duct stones in high-risk elderly patients: Immediate endoscopic stone removal or elective stone removal? A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Meng Ke , Zhang Daya , Chen De-xin , Liu Wen-jing , Fang Kai-xuan , Chen Shengxin , Wu Lang , Li Ming-yang 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
: For high-risk elderly patients with chronic diseases, endoscopic stone removal for large common bile duct stones is associated with a high risk of adverse events and incomplete stone removal. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment strategy of short-term biliary plastic stent placement followed by elective endoscopic stone removal is more effective and safer than immediate endoscopic stone removal.
Methods
The data of 262 high-risk elderly patients who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for large common bile duct (CBD) stones from 2017 to 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into group A (immediate stone removal) and group B (stent drainage + elective stone removal). The baseline data of the 2 groups were matched 1:1 by propensity score matching. The stone clearance rate, ERCP procedure time, total hospital stay, and procedure-related adverse events were compared between the matched groups. In group B, stone size before and after stent placement, hospital stay, procedure time and adverse events of two ERCPs were compared.
Results
A total of 57 pairs of patients were successfully matched between the 2 groups. The stone clearance rate in group B was higher than that in group A (89.5% vs. 75.3, P = 0.049). The total hospital stay in group B was longer than that in group A (11.86 ± 3.912 d vs. 19.14 ± 3.176 d, P <0.001). The total adverse event rate in group A was higher than that in group B (29.8% vs. 12.3%, P = 0.005). The incidence of cholangitis/cholecystitis after ERCP was significantly higher in group A than in group B (7.0% vs. 0.9% P = 0.029). There was no significant difference in the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, bleeding, pneumonia, and cardio-cerebrovascular events between the 2 groups. There were no perforation cases in either group. After plastic biliary stent placement in group B, the stone size was significantly smaller than before stent placement (1.59 ± 0.544 cm vs. 1.95 ± 0.543 cm, P < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in the total adverse event incidence between the two ERCP procedures (18.8% vs. 10.9%, P = 0.214).
Conclusion
For high-risk elderly patients with large CBD stones, the treatment strategy involving temporary placement of plastic stent and elective endoscopic stone removal is safer and more effective than immediate stone removal.
Positive family history and girl sex might increase the risk of failure of abduction treatment in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Lankinen Vilma , Helminen Mika , Bakti Karim , Välipakka Jarmo , Laivuori Hannele , Hyvärinen Anna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background. Known risk factors of DDH include female sex, family history and breech presentation. Abduction treatment fails more often with severe forms of DDH. Risk factors´ effects on abduction treatment failure are not well established.
Material and methods. The children with DDH diagnosis treated in Tampere University hospital in the years 1998-2018 were retrospectively identified. Only the children with early evaluation (maximum 2 weeks of age) of pediatric surgeon or pediatric surgery resident were included in the analysis. Total of 761 children were included.
Results. Family history of DDH and girl sex were associated with more severe forms of DDH, characterized by alpha angles under 50 degrees and/or major instability in dynamic ultrasound at one month of age.
Conclusion. Family history of DDH and female sex increase the risk of more severe forms of DDH and thereby might increase the risk of abduction treatment failure.
Acute bilateral blindness due to diffuse outer retinopathy following clear lens exchange: A case report
Authors: Gürtler Nicolas , Bughin Alice , Vaclavik Veronika , Kaisari Eirini , Guex-Crosier Yan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: As the trend of refractive lens exchange for presbyopia continues to grow, our case report shows the first occurrence of an acute bilateral outer retinopathy following uncomplicated sequential clear lens extraction in an otherwise healthy individual.
Case presentation: A 54-year-old male without significant medical history benefited from a sequential bilateral lens exchange for presbyopia. He then experienced a rapid vision loss in both eyes, accompanied by photopsias and myodesopsias, with symptoms appearing respectively 4 and 3 weeks after the surgeries. Multimodal imaging revealed a fulminant outer retinopathy, leading to a total loss of light perception within a few days. Immediate intravenous corticoid therapy was administered, permitting to recover a small area of central visual function in both eyes, enabling shape and color distinction. The primary diagnostic hypothesis is a presumed autoimmune retinopathy, triggered by the cataract extraction, while an alternative diagnosis could be a toxic reaction secondary to the use of intracameral cefuroxime and lidocaine during the surgery.
Conclusion: In this report, the authors describe the first recorded instance of outer retinopathy following cataract surgery. This occurrence raises the possibility of auto-immunization leading to retinal atrophy and vision loss as a potential outcome after undergoing cataract surgery.
Advanced Car Accident Prevention System
Authors: Navaneeth K R , N Yashas A 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The present scenario of the world is a complete mixture of high ended technologies, olden trusted practices and new innovations, which unleashes the extreme power of technology along with safety. This is in order to satisfy people’s level of trust towards the innovation and prevent any loss. The car makers till date are successful in creating safety systems which activate after the accident occurrence in order to safeguard passengers from post effects. Thus, in compliance with this state and need of the world the project was started with the aim and motive of prevention of car accidents with the help of IOT devices and their programming which acts at most strength to deter it. The prevention methods used in this project are with respect to the driver and state of the vehicle. In order to act for any cause, the system requires information or status of the active part of the machine. This is accomplished by sensors, which collect data regarding the state of the driver and car which is driven and sends it to the Arduino which further processes it for preventive action to take place if the safety values are exceeded. Thus, with this safety system most of the accidents occurring due to driver’s health risk can be prevented.
A Classification of the Plantar Intrinsic Foot Muscles Based on the Physiological Cross-Sectional Area and Muscle Fiber Length in Healthy Young Adult Males
Authors: Kusagawa Yuki , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Maeo Sumiaki , Sugiyama Takashi , Kanehisa Hiroaki , Isaka Tadao 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) are composed of 10 muscles and play an essential role in achieving functional diversity in the foot. Previous studies have identified that the morphological profiles of PIFMs vary between individuals. The morphological profiles of a muscle theoretically reflect its output potentials: the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) of a muscle is proportional to its maximum force generation, and the muscle fiber length (FL) is its shortening velocity. This implies that the PCSA and FL may be useful variables for characterizing the functional diversity of the individual PIFM. The purpose of this study was to examine how individual PIFMs can be classified based on their PCSA and FL.
Methods
In 26 healthy young adult males, the muscle volume and muscle length of seven PIFMs (abductor hallucis, ABDH; abductor digiti minimi, ABDM; adductor hallucis oblique head, ADDH-OH; ADDH transverse head, ADDH-TH; flexor digitorum brevis, FDB; flexor hallucis brevis, FHB; quadratus plantae, QP) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The PCSA and FL of each of the seven PIFMs were then estimated by combining the data measured from the participants and those of muscle architectural parameters documented from cadavers in previous studies. A total of 182 data samples (26 participants × 7 muscles) were classified into clusters using k-means cluster analysis. The optimal number of clusters was evaluated using the elbow method.
Results
The data samples of PIFMs were assigned to four clusters with different morphological profiles: ADDH-OH and FHB, characterised by large PCSA and short FL (high force generation and slow shortening velocity potentials); ABDM and FDB, moderate PCSA and moderate FL (moderate force generation and moderate shortening velocity potentials); QP, moderate PCSA and long FL (moderate force generation and rapid shortening velocity potentials); ADDH-TH, small PCSA and moderate FL (low force generation and moderate shortening velocity potentials). ABDH components were assigned equivalently to the first and second clusters.
Conclusions
The approach adopted in this study may provide a novel perspective for interpreting the PIFMs’ function based on their maximal force generation and shortening velocity potentials.