bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agar-based optical sensors for electric current measurements
Authors: Fujiwara Eric , Rosa Lidia O. , Oku Hiromasa , Cordeiro Cristiano M. B. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBiodegradable optical waveguides are breakthrough technologies to light delivery and sensing in biomedical and environmental applications. Agar emerges as an edible, soft, low-cost, and renewable alternative to traditional biopolymers, presenting remarkable optical and mechanical characteristics. Previous works introduced agar-made optical fibers for chemical measurements based on their inherent response to humidity and surrounding concentration. Therefore, we propose, for the first time, an all-optical, biodegradable electric current sensor. As flowing charges heat the agar matrix and modulate its refractive index, we connect the optical device to a DC voltage source using pin headers and excite the agar sample with coherent light to project spatiotemporally deviating speckle fields. Experiments proceeded with spheres and no-core fibers comprising 2 wt% agar/water. Once the increasing current stimulates the speckles’ motion, we acquire such images with a camera and evaluate their correlation coefficients, yielding exponential decay-like functions whose time constants provide the input amperage. Furthermore, the light granules follow the polarization of the applied voltage drop, providing visual information about the current direction. The results indicate a maximum resolution of $$\sim $$
∼
0.4 $$\upmu $$
μ
A for electrical stimuli $$\le $$
≤
100 $$\upmu $$
μ
A, which fulfills the requirements for bioelectrical signal assessment.
Effect of adipose tissue-derived stem cells therapy on clinical response in patients with primary Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Li Fangfang , Lu Junhui , Shi Xinlian , Li Dongya , Zhou Tingting , Jiang Tianqi , Wang Shengming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this trial was to clinically assess the effect and safety of Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) treatment on primary Sjogren’s Syndrome (pSS). In this 6-month randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, pSS patients were randomly assigned to two groups. After demographic characteristics and clinical examination were achieved, local injection of ADSCs into bilateral glands was performed with patients in ADSCs group (n = 35) and placebo solution was used for another group (n = 39) at three time points. Patients were followed up at 1-, 3- and 6-month. At each visit, studies of clinical and laboratory outcomes, as well as subjective symptoms, were conducted. A total of 74 subjects who met the including criteria were allocated in two groups and eventually 64 subjects (86.5%) completed the treatments and the follow-up assessments. Secretion of salivary and lachrymal glands were significantly improved in 3-month (P < 0.05). A great improvement of European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) was found after ADSCs treatment with intergroup comparison from baseline to follow-up (P < 0.05). There is also a significant difference of European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology SS Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) between the two groups in the follow-up (P < 0.05). A significant abatement of IgG, IgM, C3, C4 and ESR between two groups was observed in part of follow-up time points (P < 0.05). The ADSCs therapy can provide relief of oral and eye’s dryness in our trial in a short time and has potential improvement of subjective and systemic syndromes of pSS.
A large-scale analysis of refractive errors in students attending public primary schools in Mexico
Authors: Ramírez-Ortiz Marco Antonio , Amato-Almanza Mónica , Romero-Bautista Iván , Klunder-Klunder Miguel , Aguirre-Luna Oswaldo , Kuzhda Iryna , Resnikoff Serge , Eckert Kristen Allison , Lansingh Van Charles 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA cross-sectional, retrospective study was conducted from September 2013 through July 2014 to determine the prevalence of refractive errors among students attending public primary schools in Mexico. Among 3,861,156 students at 14,566 public primary schools in all 32 states of Mexico, teachers identified reduced visual acuity in 1,253,589 (32.5%) using visual acuity measurement. Optometrists confirmed 391,498 [31.2%, mean (SD) age: 8.8 (1.9) years; 204,110 girls (52.9%)] had refractive errors using visual acuity measurement and noncycloplegic static retinoscopy. Among 288,537 (72.4%) of children with previous eyeglasses usage data reported, 241,505 (83.7%) had uncorrected refractive errors. Before prescription eyeglasses were provided, 281,891 students (72%) had logMAR visual acuity ≤ 0.2; eyeglasses corrected vision loss in 85.6% (n = 241,352) of them. Simple myopic astigmatism was the most frequent refractive error (25.7%, n = 100,545). Astigmatism > − 1.00 diopters was present in 54.6% of all students with ametropia. The anisometropia rate based on spherical equivalent difference between right and left eye ≥ 1.50 diopters was 3.9% (n = 15,402). Uncorrected refractive errors are an important issue in primary school students in Mexico. An updated study is needed to analyze the evolving trends over the past decade.
Chromophore carbonyl twisting in fluorescent biosensors encodes direct readout of protein conformations with multicolor switching
Authors: Allert Malin J. , Kumar Shivesh , Wang You , Beese Lorena S. , Hellinga Homme W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFluorescent labeling of proteins is a powerful tool for probing structure-function relationships with many biosensing applications. Structure-based rules for systematically designing fluorescent biosensors require understanding ligand-mediated fluorescent response mechanisms which can be challenging to establish. We installed thiol-reactive derivatives of the naphthalene-based fluorophore Prodan into bacterial periplasmic glucose-binding proteins. Glucose binding elicited paired color exchanges in the excited and ground states of these conjugates. X-ray structures and mutagenesis studies established that glucose-mediated color switching arises from steric interactions that couple protein conformational changes to twisting of the Prodan carbonyl relative to its naphthalene plane. Mutations of residues contacting the carbonyl can optimize color switching by altering fluorophore conformational equilibria in the apo and glucose-bound proteins. A commonly accepted view is that Prodan derivatives report on protein conformations via solvatochromic effects due to changes in the dielectric of their local environment. Here we show that instead Prodan carbonyl twisting controls color switching. These insights enable structure-based biosensor design by coupling ligand-mediated protein conformational changes to internal chromophore twists through specific steric interactions between fluorophore and protein.
Nuclear linear-chain structure arises in carbon-14
Authors: Han Jiaxing , Ye Yanlin , Lou Jianling , Yang Xiaofei , Li Qite , Yang Zaihong , Yang Yanyun , Wang Jiansong , Xu Jinyan , Ge Yucheng , Hua Hui , Li Zhihuan , Yang Biao , Liu Yang , Bai Shiwei , Ma Kai , Chen Jiahao , Li Gen , Hu Ziyao , Yu Hanzhou , Tan Zhiwei , Yang Lisheng , Wang Shujing , Tao Longchun , Liu Wei , Jiang Ying , Li Jingjing , Wang Dongxi , Huang Siwei , Chen Ying , Pu Weiliang , Wei Kang , Ma Junbing , Yang Herun , Ma Peng , Xu Shiwei , Bai Zhen , Jin Shuya , Duan Fangfang , Song Yushou , Hu Liyuan , Li Yao , Li Junwei , Zhang Suyalatu , Huang Meirong , Wang Dexin , Li Ziming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe shape and internal structure of an atomic nucleus can change significantly with increasing excitation energy, angular momentum, or isospin asymmetry. As an example of this structural evolution, linear-chain configurations in carbon or heavier isotopes have been predicted for decades. Recent studies have found non-stability of this structure in 12C while evidenced its appearance in 16C. It is then necessary to investigate the linear-chain molecular structures in 14C to clarify the exact location on the nuclear chart where this structure begins to emerge, and thus to benchmark theoretical models. Here we show a cluster-decay experiment for 14C with all final particles coincidentally detected, allowing a high Q-value resolution, and thus a clear decay-path selection. Unambiguous spin-parity analyses are conducted, strongly evidencing the emergence of the π-bond linear-chain molecular rotational band in 14C. The present results encourage further studies on even longer chain configurations in heavier neutron-rich nuclei.
A link criticality approach for pedestrian network design to promote walking
Authors: Verma Rajat , Ukkusuri Satish V. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMeasures of walkability generally do not provide a detailed quantitative assessment of pedestrian infrastructure development prioritization. In this study, a link-based composite measure of walkability and walking is introduced to overcome this limitation. This measure, called ‘pednet score’, is based on a weighted pedestrian network (‘pednet’) made of sidewalks and crosswalks whose edge weights are descriptive of their popularity. Edge popularity is derived from home-based walk trip assignments derived from simulated pedestrian demand. Properties of the pednet score are studied using three hypothetical variants of the pednet in three North American cities, each involving the addition of candidate sidewalk and/or crosswalk segments. It is shown that a strategic selection of these segments based on pednet score can substantially increase walking trips, in some cases up to 236%, and reduce current mean pedestrian trip distances by up to 340 m. A mixed development approach involving both sidewalks and crosswalks also shows considerably higher improvement than those segments considered alone. Results from marginal benefit curves strongly indicate the utility of the pednet score as a measure of link criticality for segment prioritization in pedestrian network design.
Comparative genomics unveils extensive genomic variation between populations of Listeria species in natural and food-associated environments
Authors: Liao Jingqiu , Guo Xiaodong , Li Shaoting , Anupoju Sai Manohar Balu , Cheng Rachel A , Weller Daniel L , Sullivan Genevieve , Zhang Hailong , Deng Xiangyu , Wiedmann Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Comprehending bacterial genomic variation linked to distinct environments can yield novel insights into mechanisms underlying differential adaptation and transmission of microbes across environments. Gaining such insights is particularly crucial for pathogens as it benefits public health surveillance. However, the understanding of bacterial genomic variation is limited by a scarcity of investigations in genomic variation coupled with different ecological contexts. To address this limitation, we focused on Listeria, an important bacterial genus for food safety that includes the human pathogen L. monocytogenes, and analyzed a large-scale genomic dataset collected by us from natural and food-associated environments across the United States. Through comparative genomics analyses on 449 isolates from the soil and 390 isolates from agricultural water and produce processing facilities representing L. monocytogenes, L. seeligeri, L. innocua, and L. welshimeri, we find that the genomic profiles strongly differ by environments within each species. This is supported by the environment-associated subclades and differential presence of plasmids, stress islands, and accessory genes involved in cell envelope biogenesis and carbohydrate transport and metabolism. Core genomes of Listeria species are also strongly associated with environments and can accurately predict isolation sources at the lineage level in L. monocytogenes using machine learning. We find that the large environment-associated genomic variation in Listeria appears to be jointly driven by soil property, climate, land use, and accompanying bacterial species, chiefly representing Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Collectively, our data suggest that populations of Listeria species have genetically adapted to different environments, which may limit their transmission from natural to food-associated environments.
Identification and practical validation of spectrally efficient non-orthogonal frequency shaping waveform
Authors: Xu Tongyang , Darwazeh Izzat 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSignal waveform is the basic physical layer element that fundamentally determines the most important key performance indicator in communication systems, namely spectral efficiency. Traditional waveforms rely on orthogonal Nyquist shaping but result in restricted spectral efficiency. Non-orthogonal waveforms have been proposed to enhance spectral efficiency via compressing either time or frequency resources. However, beyond 25% efficiency improvements in this way, classical Mazo theory states that performance will start to degrade. Here we use a robust and low-complexity neural network modulator to create asymmetric sub-carrier shapes, for multi-carrier non-orthogonal frequency shaping (NOFS) signals. The result is a non-Nyquist waveform which achieves 150% spectral efficiency improvement and still operates well with simple receiver processing. We set up a hardware communication link with over-the-air image transmission that practically validates the spectral efficiency improvement. This spectral efficiency will save communication resources for future communications systems such as 6G services.
A method for extracting 3D‐element based on local cost metrics resistant to radiometric distortion for realistic media application
Authors: Shin Kwangmu , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe intensity values of pairs of stereoscopic images could be affected by radiometric elements such as camera exposure, illumination direction, etc. Therefore, it is a challenging problem to get consistent and exact disparity values under a variety of real‐world environment. Here, the proposed approach extracts disparity values based on a local cost metric and is resistant to global and local radiometric changes. It is designed in a way that disparity values are extracted using local uniformity of pixel values between pairs of stereoscopic images. The proposed metric‐based method is defined as the resistant local cost metric (RLCM) model. As a result of the experiment, the proposed model performed better than the comparative methods under experimental conditions in which the radiometric distortion between pairs of stereoscopic images was significantly different. The average peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) value of the RLCM method is 20.0 dB under the global radiometric change condition and 19.3 dB under the local condition, showing the highest value compared to the comparison group. Consequentially, it is demonstrated that the proposed method is less sensitive to various radiometric changes.
Illuminating the darkness: A pyramid‐based approach with lightness attention and noise suppression
Authors: Huang Yingxin , Liu Zhenbing , Lu Haoxiang , Wang Wenhao , Zhang Zhaoyuan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAbstract Images taken in low‐light conditions often suffer from reduced contrast, amplified noise, and colour distortions. Such degradation falls short of viewer expectations and negatively impacts high‐level tasks, such as object detection. In this paper, the above problems are addressed by leveraging the properties of the LAB colour space and a multi‐scale feature pyramid. Specifically, the model first generates a light attention map and a noise map, which are proficient at manipulating the luminance channel for brightness recovery while preserving the colour information and separating noise from the image content. Moreover, enriched contextual features is progressively extracted and then the low‐light images are refined by incorporating the light attention map and the noise map as priors into a coarse‐to‐fine architecture. The enhanced results are characterized by improved contrast, vibrant colour, and noise suppression.
Analytical beampattern synthesis for symmetric nonuniform linear array based on superposition principle
Authors: Shi Fei , Hu Mengkai , Dou Xiuquan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this letter, an analytical method for the beampattern synthesis of symmetric nonuniform array is proposed. This method consists of two steps. In the first step, it acquires a real symmetric excitation by the convex optimization method to attain a pencil beam. In the second step, it superposes the pencil beams pointing in different directions to synthesize the prescribed beampattern. Numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Distributed secondary optimal control for self‐maintaining microgrids on pelagic islands
Authors: Deng Sicheng , Chen Laijun , Zhang Baosen , Yuan Wenkai , Mei Shengwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConsidering the geographic distance, self‐maintaining microgrids are widely built to supply power on pelagic islands, where developing distributed autonomous control strategies while guaranteeing microgrids’ resilience and energy security have gained increasing attention. However, most existing distributed control strategies restore frequencies in an asymptotic manner, which may not meet the requirement for safe and rapid recovery after disasters. Meanwhile, self‐maintaining microgrids have relatively low percentages of fossil fuels. Power sharing among distributed energy sources (DERs) under most existing control relies on the droop coefficients, which may lead to inefficient operations. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposed a distributed control strategy for self‐maintaining microgrids. The frequency restoration time can be explicitly optimized and is robust to changes of system states, which provides faster recovery performance under disasters. The steady‐state powers of different DERs are regulated for different kinds of DERs separately and are independent of the droop coefficients, where the proper use of renewable energy under energy security can be achieved. The proposed control enhances the resilience of microgrids against disasters and meets the requirement of energy security on islands. The algorithms in the paper are verified by both simulation and experiment studies under various conditions.
Data‐driven energy sharing for multi‐microgrids with building prosumers: A hybrid learning approach
Authors: Sun Haonan , Liu Nian , Tan Lu , Han Jianpei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe real‐time optimal scheduling of distributed energy resources (DERs) in interconnected multiple microgrids (MMGs) is facing great challenges due to the uncertainty of renewables, non‐linear network constraints, the involvement of multi‐level interest entities etc. Here, a data driven hybrid learning approach is proposed for real‐time hierarchical energy sharing for MMGs with building prosumers. First, a data‐driven XGBoost‐based supervised learning model is established to characterize price‐based demand response behaviours of prosumers for online P2P energy sharing results estimation among prosumers. Moreover, a multi‐agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) method is developed for the energy sharing among MMGs and multi‐agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm is adopted to solve the optimization problem through centralized training and decentralized implementation. Particularly, the XGBoost‐based demand response model of prosumers is embedded into the MADRL environment so that a balanced optimization strategy can be learned through the continuous interaction between MMGs agents and the environment. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a case study simulation with an artificial intelligence experimental platform.
Distribution network resilience enhancement strategy considering spatial‐temporal migration of flexible resources on supply and demand sides
Authors: Wu Shutan , Wang Qi , Miao Cairan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractExtreme events bring great challenges to the safety and resilience of a distribution network, which makes it difficult for traditional static resources to provide enough operation support. The continuous enrichment of spatial‐temporal flexibility resources on both the power demand and supply sides provides a new idea for the dynamic dispatching of distribution network. This paper proposes a spatial‐temporal migration method of mobile power sources (MPSs) on the supply side and internet data centres (IDCs) on the demand side, based on the power‐transportation and power‐computation network coupling models respectively. Then, the dynamic dispatching potential of MPSs and IDCs is evaluated, and the dispatching models against extreme events of MPSs and IDCs are established. With the objective of maximizing system resilience and minimizing dispatching costs, an optimization model considering spatial‐temporal migration of data loads and MPSs dynamic dispatching strategy is formulated. Finally, the proposed method is tested in the modified IEEE 33‐node test system and IEEE 69‐node test system, and the economy and resilience enhancement are verified with comparison of different dispatching schemes.
Tidal interactions shape period ratios in planetary systems with three-body resonant chains
Authors: Charalambous C. , Teyssandier J. , Libert A.-S. 
Published: August 2023

Aims. These last years several STIPs (Systems with Tightly packed Inner Planets) in the super-Earth mass regime have been discovered harboring chains of resonances. It is generally believed that planet pairs get trapped in MMR (mean-motion resonance) during the migration phase in the protoplanetary disk, while the tides raised by the host star provide a source of dissipation on very long timescales. In this work, we aim to study the departure from exact commensurabilities observed among the STIPs which harbor 3-planet resonances and analyze how tides play an important role in shaping the resonance offsets for the STIPs.
Methods. We analyzed the resonance offsets between adjacent pairs for five multi-planetary systems, namely Kepler-80, Kepler-223, K2-138, TOI-178, and TRAPPIST-1, highlighting the existence of different trends in the offsets. On the one hand, we derived analytical estimates for the offsets, which confirm that the departure of the planetary pairs from the nominal MMRs are due to the 3-planet resonant dynamics. On the other hand, we performed N-body simulations including both orbital migration and tidal dissipation from the host star with simple prescriptions in order to test the effectiveness of this mechanism at shaping the observed trend in the offsets, focusing our study on the preservation of the resonant patterns in the different systems with the same general setup.
Results. We found that the trends in the offsets of the five detected systems can be produced by tidal damping effects, regardless of the considered value for the tidal factor. It is a robust mechanism that relaxes the system towards equilibrium while efficiently moving it along 3-planet resonances, which induces the observed resonance offset for each planet pair. In addition, we showed that for Kepler-80, K2-138, and TOI-178, the amplitudes of the resonant offsets can also be reproduced with an appropriate tidal factor, for the estimated age of the systems.