bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Idea of Measurements in Particle Collisions
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome of the readers of this book may have seen a so-called “event display”, visualisation of a particle collision. An example from the ATLAS experiment is given in Fig. 2.1. There, what we see are many curves from a particular point, which indicates the location of two particles colliding with each other. The curves emerging from the point are charged tracks, and the traces of charged particles are identified from detector responses. Also seen are many colourful boxes, which look like histograms, with the direction of the height of the histograms pointing to a radial direction. These indicate the amount of energy from particles produced via the collision, measured in particle detectors.
Statistics
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStatistics is a tool to show how accurate a measurement is. Particle physicists make use of statistics to know, for example, with how much probability the events under study are signal-like in a new particle search, how much improvement a new measurement gives compared with the past measurements, how powerful a new analysis method is, and how much a certain theoretical prediction is restricted. Statistics is also useful to discriminate the signal events from the background events and to estimate the number of the signal events and background events properly. Therefore, the basics of statistics are essential for experimentalists.
Examples of Physics Analysis
Authors: Hanagaki Kazunori , Tanaka Junichi , Tomoto Makoto , Yamazaki Yuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we present the analysis of Higgs and new physics searches as examples of data analysis. The data handled here are already calibrated and the particle identification for each object is also done. In the so-called “data analysis” of the collider experiments, the event selection, background estimation, and signal extraction or measurement including evaluating systematic uncertainties are performed.
Compatibility effects with touchless gestures
Authors: Janczyk Markus 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHuman actions are suspect to various compatibility phenomena. For example, responding is faster to the side where a stimulus appears than to the opposite side, referred to as stimulus–response (S–R) compatibility. This is even true, if the response is given to a different stimulus feature, while location itself is irrelevant (Simon compatibility). In addition, responses typically produce perceivable effects on the environment. If they do so in a predictable way, responses are faster if they produce a (e.g., spatially) compatible effect on the same side than on the other side. That it, a left response is produced faster if it results predictably in a left effect than in a right effect. This effect is called response-effect (R–E) compatibility. Finally, compatibility could also exist between stimuli and the effects, which is accordingly called stimulus-effect (S–E) compatibility. Such compatibility phenomena are also relevant for applied purposes, be it in laparoscopic surgery or aviation. The present study investigates Simon and R–E compatibility for touchless gesture interactions. In line with a recent study, no effect of R–E compatibility was observed, yet irrelevant stimulus location yielded a large Simon effect. Touchless gestures thus seem to behave differently with regard to compatibility phenomena than interactions via (other) tools such as levers.
Lengthened Efferent Limb in Braun Enteroenterostomy Reduces Delayed Gastric Emptying After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Watanabe Genki , Satou Shouichi , Tanaka Motomu , Momiyama Masashi , Nakajima Kentaro , Nagao Atsuki , Satodate Hitoshi , Noie Tamaki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDelayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), but a method to prevent DGE has not been established. This study aims to demonstrate a novel technique utilizing a lengthened efferent limb in Billroth‐II (B‐II) reconstruction during PD and to evaluate the impact of the longer efferent limb on DGE occurrence.MethodsPatients who underwent PD with B‐II reconstruction were divided into two groups: PDs with lengthened (50–60 cm) efferent limb (L group) and standard length (0–30 cm) efferent limb (S group). Postoperative outcomes were compared. DGE was defined and graded according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery criteria.ResultsAmong 283 consecutive patients who underwent PD from 2002 to 2021, 206 patients were included in this study. Patients who underwent Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction (n = 77) were excluded. Compared with the S group, the L group included older patients and those who underwent PD after 2016 (p = 0.025, < 0.001, respectively). D2 lymphadenectomy, antecolic route reconstruction, and Braun enteroenterostomy were performed more frequently in the L group (p = 0.040, < 0.001, < 0.001, respectively). The rate of DGE was significantly decreased to 6% in the L group, compared with 16% in the S group (p = 0.027), which might lead to a shorter hospital stay in the L group (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified two factors as independent predictors for DGE: intraabdominal abscess [odds ratio (OR) 5.530, p = 0.008] and standard efferent limb length (OR 2.969, p = 0.047).ConclusionA lengthened efferent limb in Braun enteroenterostomy could reduce DGE after PD.
Comparison of the course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during different pandemic waves
Authors: Ptak Katarzyna , Szymońska Izabela , Olchawa-Czech Anna , Kukla Kornelia , Cisowska Marta , Kwinta Przemko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to assess the rate, clinical picture, and management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) during the different COVID-19 variants of concern (VOC) domination periods. This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. The incidence and clinical picture of MIS-C during the original/Alpha (group 1) and Delta/Omicron (Group 2) variant domination periods were compared. Among 108 eligible patients, 74 (68.5%) were hospitalized during the group 1 domination period, and 34 (31.5%) were hospitalized during the group 2 domination period. The median (Me) patient ages were 76 months (interquartile range [IQR] 35–130) and 73 months (IQR 45–118), and 61% and 65% of patients were male, respectively. There was no significant difference in the presence of positive SARS-CoV 2 antibody test results (IgM or IgG) between the groups (84 vs. 90%; p = 0.54).No differences between groups were observed in fever duration prior to admission (Me [IQR]: 5 days [3–6] vs. 5 days [4–6]; p = 0.26) or the presence of mucocutaneous (95 vs. 100%; p = 0.41), circulatory (70.3 vs. 61.8%; p = 0.86), neurological (6.8 vs. 2.9%; p = 0.662), or gastrointestinal symptoms (84 vs. 79%; p = 0.59). Respiratory symptoms were more common in group 2 (70 vs. 91%; p = 0.015). The need for intensive care unit admission was similar in both groups (16.2 vs. 17.6%, p = 1.0). No deaths occurred in the entire cohort. The studied children were characterized by high C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels, concentrations of ferritin within normal limits, lymphopenia, moderate hypoalbuminemia, and high B-type natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations; however, there were no differences between the groups. Intravenous immunoglobulins were administered as a first-line treatment for almost all patients. There was no significant difference in corticosteroid administration between the groups (87% vs. 74%; p = 0.11); however, the summary dose of methylprednisolone was higher in group 2 (Me [IQR]″ 12.6 mg/kg [10.5–17.8] vs. 16.4 mg/kg [13.3–19.5]; p = 0.03). The median length of stay was 11 days [IQR]: [9–14] and 10 days [8–12], respectively (p = 0.065).Conclusion: The clinical course of MIS-C is similar in subsequent pandemic waves; however, the incidence of MIS-C seems to be decreasing.

What is Known:• The clinical picture of COVID-19 is evolving. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a relatively new serious disease connected with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in subsequent waves of the pandemic, new cases of the disease have been recorded.

What is New:• The clinical picture of MIS-C is not specific, but the course is still severe.• The incidence of MIS-C during the different pandemic waves is decreasing and the diagnosis in the period of lower prevalance is challenging.
The Convex Hull of Random Points on the Boundary of a Simple Polytope
Authors: Reitzner Matthias , Schütt Carsten , Werner Elisabeth M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe convex hull of N independent random points chosen on the boundary of a simple polytope in $$ {\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

is investigated. Asymptotic formulas for the expected number of vertices and facets, and for the expectation of the volume difference are derived. This is one of the first investigations leading to rigorous results for random polytopes which are neither simple nor simplicial. The results contrast existing results when points are chosen in the interior of a convex set.
Modeling and forecasting traffic flows with mobile phone big data in flooding risk areas to support a data-driven decision making
Authors: Metulini Rodolfo , Carpita Maurizio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFloods are one of the natural disasters which cause the worst human, social and economic impacts to the detriment of both public and private sectors. Today, public decision-makers can take advantage of the availability of data-driven systems that allow to monitor hydrogeological risk areas and that can be used for predictive purposes to deal with future emergency situations. Flooding risk exposure maps traditionally assume amount of presences constant over time, although crowding is a highly dynamic process in metropolitan areas. Real-time monitoring and forecasting of people’s presences and mobility is thus a relevant aspect for metropolitan areas subjected to flooding risk. In this respect, mobile phone network data have been used with the aim of obtaining dynamic measure for the exposure risk in areas with hydrogeological criticality. In this work, we use mobile phone origin-destination signals on traffic flows by Telecom Italia Mobile (TIM) users with the aim of forecasting the exposure risk and thus to help decision-makers in warning to who is transiting through that area. To model the complex seasonality of traffic flows data, we adopt a novel methodological strategy based on introducing in a Vector AutoRegressive with eXogenous variable (VARX) model a Dynamic Harmonic Regression (DHR) component. We apply the method to the case study of the “Mandolossa”, an urbanized area subject to flooding located on the western outskirt of Brescia, using hourly-basis data from September 2020 to August 2021. A cross validation based on the hit-rate and the mean absolute percentage error measures show a good forecasting accuracy.
The case for minimax-TD
Authors: Darlington Richard B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn spatial-model computer simulations with artificial voters and candidates, the well-known minimax single-winner voting system far outperformed 10 other systems at picking the best winners. It essentially tied with two others (Schulze and ranked pairs), both of which are far more complex than minimax. Minimax’s other advantages include Condorcet consistency, simplicity, monotonicity, and ease of voting because it allows tied and missing ranks. It also makes insincere strategic voting schemes difficult and dangerous for the schemers. The new minimax-TD system modifies minimax in three ways, all of which make it pick better winners, according to simulation studies: (a) TD includes Smith/minimax, (b) TD uses one particular definition of a candidate’s “largest loss” in two-way elections, and (c) TD includes a multi-stage tie-breaker which breaks nearly all ties. TD avoids four of the worst anomalies afflicting classic minimax. Four other minimax anomalies can be ignored, leaving TD arguably free of anomalies.
Characteristics of familial pancreatic cancer families with additional colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Lehman Bettina , Matthäi Elvira , Gercke Norman , Denzer Ulrike W. , Figiel Jens , Hess Timo , Slater Emily P. , Bartsch Detlef K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFamilial pancreatic cancer (FPC) is a rare hereditary tumor entity with broad phenotypic heterogeneity, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC) in some families. The underlying factors for this co-occurrence are still not well evaluated. FPC families in the National Case Collection of Familial Pancreatic Cancer with an additional occurrence of CRC were analyzed regarding the phenotype, genotype and recommendation for a clinical screening program. The total cohort of 272 FPC families included 30 (11%) families with at least one CRC case. The proportion of affected family members with PDAC was 16.1% (73/451) compared to 9.3% of family members with CRC (42/451, p < 0.01). Females were affected with PDAC in 49% (36/73) and CRC in 38% (16/42). The median age of PDAC was 63 compared to 66 years in CRC, whereas 8 (26.6%) of families had an early onset of PDAC and 2 (6.7%) of CRC. Seventeen families had 2 or more affected generations with PDAC and 6 families with CRC. Eleven (9.6%) of affected patients had both PDAC and CRC. Potentially causative germline mutations (2 ATM, 1 CDKN2a, 1 MLH1, 1 PALB2) were detected in 5 of 18 (27.7%) analyzed cases. These findings provide a step forward to include the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of FPC-CRC families for the genetic counseling and management of these families. Nevertheless, results need to be verified in a larger patient cohort beforehand.
Ionic liquid as an effective green inhibitor for acid corrosion of aluminum composite: experimental and theoretical considerations
Authors: Kedimar Namitha , Rao Padmalatha , Rao Suma A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResults of anticorrosive performance of ionic liquid 1-methyl-1-propyl-piperidinium bromide (MPPB) on corrosion of 6061Al-10vol% SiC composite (Al-MMC) in 0.05 M HCl solution. Electrochemical techniques were adopted to study corrosion and corrosion inhibition rates. Experiments were conducted in the temperature range of 308–323 K by varying concentrations of MPPB. Conditions were standardized to accomplish maximum inhibition efficiency. Kinetic parameters were evaluated. Results were fitted into various adsorption isotherm models and they fitted best into the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Using data from adsorption isotherms, thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The surface morphology was examined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). FTIR–spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were performed to reaffirm the adsorption of MPPB. Adsorption of the inhibitor and mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition were supported and supplemented by quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory (DFT). The investigation revealed that percentage inhibition efficiency (% IE) improved with the increase in the concentration of MPPB, while it decreased with a rise in temperature. Maximum efficiency of 60% was observed with 400 ppm MPPB at 308 K. MPPB acted as a mixed inhibitor, obeyed the Langmuir adsorption model, and the mode of adsorption was physisorption. Quantum chemical calculations validated the results of the adsorption study.
Graphical abstract
Positive shifts in species richness and abundance of moths over five decades coincide with community-wide phenotypic trait homogenisation
Authors: Franzén Markus , Francioli Yannick , Sjöberg Göran , Forsman Anders 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile some species rapidly decline, compromising vital ecosystem services, others are stable or even increasing in abundance. We studied shifts in species richness and abundance of moths over five decades in Central Sweden and examined whether and how changes were associated with phenotypic traits. We combined information from captures in a light trap in historical time (the 1970s) and contemporarily (2019) with provincial colonisation records. Both community species richness and the abundance of moths increased between the time periods. A large fraction (38%) of the 410 species were not present in both periods, 101 species had colonised the area (an estimated influx of about 2.5 new species per year), and 51 species had disappeared (an estimated local extinction rate of about 1.16 species per year). Abundance increased with an increasing number of host plants and with increasing colour pattern variation. The composition of the community shifted towards species characterised by smaller wingspan and larger ranges. The functional trait variability of the moth community was homogenised from the historical to the contemporary period, in line with reports from other species communities in modern landscapes. However, our finding of a concomitant increase in species richness and total abundance differs from the results of many recent studies of insect communities in other geographic regions.Implication for insect conservationWe conclude that the entire boreal moth fauna is undergoing a substantial biogeographical shift, changing to the moth species historically occurring at more southern latitudes. The alterations in species composition, overall abundance, and community-wide trait distribution described here may cascade up and down in the ecosystem because moths are important pollinators, herbivores, and prey.
n-Type naphthalimide-indole derivative for electronic applications
Authors: MJP Yogeesh , Kagatikar Sneha , Sunil Dhanya , Kekuda Dhananjaya 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe fabrication of diodes using organic semiconductors as active materials has gained wide interest, and has undergone significant progress in the past few decades. A naphthalimide-indole derivative (BNIA) was synthesized through bromination of acenaphthene, subsequent oxidation, and finally imidation with indole-3-acetic anhydride. The molecular structure was characterized using NMR and IR spectroscopy. The BNIA displayed good thermal stability up to 300 °C and an electrochemical band gap of 1.07 eV. The theoretical studies were performed to support the experimental findings. The electrical parameter values and the dielectric measurement studies directed towards the suitability of BNIA as a functional material in electronic devices. A diode was successfully constructed using BNIA as the n-type material with an ideality factor of 8.13, and the electrical parameters are analyzed.
Which Decision Theory Describes Life Satisfaction Best? Evidence from Annual Panel Data
Authors: Yaman Fırat , Cubí-Mollá Patricia , Ungureanu Sergiu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe use an annual household panel to conduct a comparative analysis of which decision theory explains life satisfaction better. We consider expected utility theory and prospect theory. We consider the effects of three domains on life satisfaction: income, health, and (un)employment. Using a fixed effects estimator we find that life satisfaction contains features of both expected utility theory and prospect theory. However, the elements of expected utility theory are stronger predictors of life satisfaction. Life satisfaction depends positively on income, good health, and employment. It also depends positively on income and employment improvements, however the reverse is true for health improvements. Life satisfaction is concave in income gains and convex in income losses, and it exhibits loss aversion in income and employment status, but not in health. The results suggest that life satisfaction is best described by expected utility theory, but also contains some aspects of prospect theory.
Development of radioimmunoassay system for determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in human sera
Authors: Elsheikh Hatem Mohamed , Fathy Shadia Abdel-Hamid , Ebeid Nahed Hassan , Sallam Khaled Mohamed , El-bayoumy Ahmed Sami , Mehany Nagy Lahzy , Hamdy Germine Mohsen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe main objective of this study was the preparation and evaluation of the primary reagents for the liquid phase human chorionic gonadotropin-radioimmunoassay (HCG-RIA) kit. Polyclonal antibody is specific and valid; monoclonal antibodies are more specific. In HCG-RIA technique, polyclonal antibodies for βHCG subunits with high binding and displacement % were used. 125I-HCG radioactive tracer was prepared with high yield 71.58 ± 0.92%, purity 99.2 ± 0.05%, and specific activity 170.42 ± 1.65 µCi/µg using chloramine T method, βHCG polyclonal antisera and HCG standards in assay buffer matrix were locally prepared. In-house HCG-RIA was developed with high sensitivity 0.5 mIU/ml, specificity (99%), precision (CV% < 6.4 and < 8.3 for intra-and inter-assay, respectively), and accuracy (recovery range 96.4–104.3%) could be used for quantitative estimation of HCG in human sera for monitoring pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases.
Absolute coordinate formulation and generalized component mode synthesis with rigid body coordinates
Authors: Zwölfer Andreas , Gerstmayr Johannes 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of linearly-elastic multibody (MB) systems is conventionally modeled via the floating frame of reference formulation (FFRF); however, its equations of motion (EOMs) involve significantly more nonlinear terms and quantities than alternative formulations, such as the absolute coordinate formulation (ACF) and generalized component mode synthesis (GCMS). This large number of operations required makes computer implementations of the FFRF laborious as well as error-prone and introduces more complexity in general. These issues associated with the FFRF, and the fact that the formulations are mathematically equivalent as shown by the authors, render the ACF and its relatives appealing alternatives due to their simplistic equation structures. To make these alternatives even more appealing, this contribution proposes an improved ACF and GCMS, which (i) reduces the nonlinearity in the EOMs compared to their standard versions and (ii) eliminates the necessity to calculate the rigid body (RB) motion from the global nodal displacement field to obtain the flexible part of the degrees of freedom (DOFs) and the rotation matrix. The proposed EOMs feature a constant mass matrix, a corotated stiffness matrix in the flexible part, and a “small” nonlinear stiffness matrix in the RB rotation part. Moreover, attaching the moving reference frame to the center of mass of the underlying rigid body and employing linearized Tisserand and rotation matrix constraints eliminates coupling terms within the mass matrix and yields implementation-friendly EOMs to analyze the dynamics of linear-elastic flexible MB systems.