bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent measurement of perfusion parameters related to small blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the human brain using dynamic dual‐spin‐echo perfusion MRI
Authors: Cao Di , Sun Yuanqi , Li Yinghao , Su Pan , Pillai Jay J. , Qiao Ye , Lu Hanzhang , Van Zijl Peter C. M. , Knutsson Linda , Hua Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAccumulating evidence from recent studies has indicated the importance of studying the interaction between the microvascular and lymphatic systems in the brain. To date, most imaging methods can only measure blood or lymphatic vessels separately, such as dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI for blood vessels and DSC MRI‐in‐the‐cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cDSC MRI) for lymphatic vessels. An approach that can measure both blood and lymphatic vessels in a single scan offers advantages such as a halved scan time and contrast dosage. This study attempts to develop one such approach by optimizing a dual‐echo turbo‐spin‐echo sequence, termed “dynamic dual‐spin‐echo perfusion (DDSEP) MRI”. Bloch simulations were performed to optimize the dual‐echo sequence for the measurement of gadolinium (Gd)‐induced blood and CSF signal changes using a short and a long echo time, respectively. The proposed method furnishes a T1‐dominant contrast in CSF and a T2‐dominant contrast in blood. MRI experiments were performed in healthy subjects to evaluate the dual‐echo approach by comparing it with existing separate methods. Based on simulations, the short and long echo time were chosen around the time when blood signals show maximum difference between post‐ and pre‐Gd scans, and the time when blood signals are completely suppressed, respectively. The proposed method showed consistent results in human brains as previous studies using separate methods. Signal changes from small blood vessels occurred faster than from lymphatic vessels after intravenous Gd injection. In conclusion, Gd‐induced signal changes in blood and CSF can be detected simultaneously in healthy subjects with the proposed sequence. The temporal difference in Gd‐induced signal changes from small blood and lymphatic vessels after intravenous Gd injection was confirmed using the proposed approach in the same human subjects. Results from this proof‐of‐concept study will be used to further optimize DDSEP MRI in subsequent studies.
The cross‐sectional association between a sustainable diet index and obesity among US adults
Authors: Jung Sukyoung , Young Heather A. , Simmens Samuel J. , Braffett Barbara H. , Ogden Cynthia L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdopting multidimensional sustainable dietary patterns may be beneficial to human and planetary health. The cross‐sectional association between a multidimensional sustainable diet index‐US (SDI‐US) and obesity in US adults was examined.MethodsThis study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2007 to 2018 (n = 25,262). The SDI‐US consisted of four subindices and was calculated using a 24‐hour dietary recall, food expenditures, environmental impacts of foods, and food practices. A higher score indicates a more sustainable dietary pattern. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2018, obesity prevalence in US adults was 38.2% (95% CI 37.0%–39.3%), and mean SDI‐US score was 13.2 (range: 4.3–20.0). In a multivariable‐adjusted model, a higher SDI‐US score was associated with lower odds of obesity (Q5 vs. Q1, OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.58–0.79, p < 0.001). When stratified by sex (p interaction = 0.04), a stronger inverse association was observed in women (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.53–0.77, p < 0.0001) than in men (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60–0.91, p = 0.01).ConclusionsMore sustainable dietary patterns were inversely associated with obesity among US adults, supporting the potential of sustainable diets in preventing obesity.
Effect of carbon black components on rolling mechanical properties of tread rubber material by using improved digital image correlation
Authors: Gao Xueliang , Wang Yingming , Zhang Zhichao , Wu Sitan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rolling and sliding state of the tread rubber material within contact patch was very important to the handling stability and safety of the vehicle. In this paper, first, the absolute coordinate system was introduced into the digital image correlation method, which improved the ability of the traditional digital image correlation method to solve the large deformation of polymer material surface. Second, a new calculation method of rolling friction coefficient based on the brush model was proposed. Third, a non‐contact full‐field rolling dynamics experimental device was developed to study the effects of carbon black components, rotational speed and vertical load on the rolling mechanical characteristics of tread rubber material. On this basis, the rolling mechanical characteristics of tread rubber material with different formulations were obtained by analyzing the distribution properties of global strain rate, full‐field longitudinal speed and full‐field longitudinal acceleration and the variation laws of transverse/longitudinal strain rate, trajectory of marked points, stress‐strain hysteresis curve and rolling friction coefficient. Finally, the influence mechanism of carbon black composition on rolling mechanical properties of tread rubber material was revealed.
Performance evaluation of composite sandwich structures with additively manufactured aluminum honeycomb cores with increased bonding surface area
Authors: Rangapuram M. , Dasari S. K. , Newkirk J. W. , Chandrashekhara K. , Misak H. , Toivonen P. R. , Klenosky D. , Unruh T. , Sam J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModern aerostructures, including wings and fuselages, increasingly feature sandwich structures due to their high‐energy absorption, low weight, and high flexural stiffness. The face sheet of these sandwich structures are typically thin composite laminates with interior honeycombs made of Nomex or aluminum. Standard cores are structurally efficient, but their design cannot be varied throughout the structure. With additive manufacturing (AM) technology, these core geometries can be altered to meet the design requirements that are not met in standard honeycomb cores. This study used a modified aluminum honeycomb core, with increased surface area on the top and bottom, as the core material in sandwich panels. The modified honeycomb core was produced through the laser powder bed fusion method. The behavior of the modified sandwich composite panels was evaluated through three‐point bend, edgewise compression, and impact tests, and their performance was compared to that of a conventional honeycomb core sandwich panel. The three‐point bend test results indicated that the sandwich structure's ultimate shear strength improved by 12.6% with the modified honeycomb core. Additionally, the displacement at the failure of the structure increased by 11%. The edgewise compression tests showed that the ultimate edgewise compressive strength improved by 19.1% when using the modified core. The impact test results revealed that the peak force increased by 8% and the energy‐absorbing capacity of the sandwich structure increased by 20% with the use of the modified honeycomb core.
Trajectories of ADHD medication use before, during, and after pregnancy: A population‐based study from Norway and Sweden
Authors: Srinivas Chaitra , Karlstad Øystein , Stigum Hein , Furu Kari , Cesta Carolyn E. , Reutfors Johan , Cohen Jacqueline M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo describe ADHD medication use trajectories around pregnancy in Norway and Sweden.MethodsWe identified pregnancies resulting in births using linked data from birth and prescribed drug registers of Norway (2006–2019, N = 813 107) and Sweden (2007–2018, N = 1 269 146). We restricted to women who filled prescriptions for ADHD medication during pregnancy or in the year before or after. We described exposure as use versus no use, and total amount of drug dispensed in defined daily doses (DDDs). Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to identify distinct medication use trajectories.ResultsIn total, 13 286 women (0.64%) filled a prescription for ADHD medication. We identified four trajectory groups: continuers (5.7%), interrupters (23.8%), discontinuers (49.5%), and late initiators (21.0%). Discontinuers were younger, continuers were older on average. More women continued medication in recent years (2014–2019). Most discontinuers (60.7%) were nulliparous; more initiators and continuers had one or multiple previous births, respectively. Continuers were least likely to live with a partner (65.8%). Discontinuers were least likely (24.7%) and continuers most likely (37.6%) to smoke at the beginning of pregnancy. More continuers used amphetamine derivatives and were most likely to use other psychotropics. On modeling continuers, we identified three dose‐trajectory groups which suggested that most women reduced medication dose during pregnancy.ConclusionsMost pregnant women discontinued or interrupted their ADHD medication during pregnancy, but more continued in recent years. Continuers were more likely to have had previous births, less likely to have lived with a partner, and may have had additional comorbidities warranting the use of other psychotropics.
Effects of different cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma sources on the yeast Candida glabrata
Authors: Trebulová Kristína , Krčma František , Skoumalová Petra , Kozáková Zdenka , Machala Zdenko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFour different cold plasma sources were directly applied onto a 24h inoculum of Candida glabrata inoculated on agar plates, within the limits of in vitro experiment. Their effects were compared and evaluated with respect to the size and stability of the inhibition zones formed in the posttreatment cultivation. The results prove significant inhibitory cold atmospheric‐pressure plasma effects on the yeast C. glabrata. The overall inhibitory effects are directly proportional to the treatment time, the applied power, and the overall functioning of the plasma source and indirectly proportional to the initial cell concentration, although this factor was less significant compared to the other examined factors. The unipolar microwave torch was found to be the most effective in the inhibition of C. glabrata.
A modified Schlenk line for gas‐phase accelerating rate calorimetry capable of quantitatively sampling and safely handling hazardous gases
Authors: He Jiliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper reports a new method using a modified Schlenk line for quantitative charging and safe disposal of gases in a gas‐phase accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) test. The modified Schlenk line is capable of accurately measuring the mass of gas(s) charged to the ARC bomb. The method conveniently allows loading a single gas or multiple gases for reaction. It also provides dosing (or shot addition) capability to add a gaseous sample for when the gas is too reactive to be preloaded with other components. The modified Schlenk line enables safely handling toxic and extremely reactive gaseous chemicals, including collecting gases for further characterization, and disposing the gaseous products and unreacted samples into neutralizing scrubbers after the ARC run. The modified Schlenk line can also be utilized to test solid, liquid, or gas/liquid/solid mixed phases under specific atmospheres. Additional capabilities of the assembly line include quick leak checking and easily removing unwanted air/moisture in the headspace of the bomb or impurities (residual solvents) in the sample before an ARC run, resulting in more reliable data. The utility of this method is demonstrated in the thermal evaluation of the chlorination of toluene with chlorine gas and the thermal stability study of a halogenated ethane.
Tethered‐flight performance of thermally‐acclimated pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) suggests that heat waves may promote the spread of Bactrocera species
Authors: Malod Kevin , Bali Eleftheria‐Maria D. , Gledel Corentin , Moquet Laura , Bierman Anandi , Bataka Evmorfia , Weldon Christopher W. , Karsten Minette , Delatte Hélène , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Terblanche John S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThermal history may induce phenotypic plasticity in traits that affect performance and fitness. One type of plastic response triggered by thermal history is acclimation. Because flight is linked to movement in the landscape, trapping and detection rates, and underpins the success of pest management tactics, it is particularly important to understand how thermal history may affect pest insect flight performance. We investigated the tethered‐flight performance of Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae), acclimated for 48 h at 20, 25 or 30 °C and tested at 25 °C. We recorded the total distance, average speed, number of flight events and time spent flying during 2‐h tests. We also characterized morphometric traits (body mass, wing shape and wing loading) that can affect flight performance.ResultsThe main factor affecting most flight traits was body mass. The heaviest species, B. dorsalis, flew further, was faster and stopped less often in comparison with the two other species. Bactrocera species exhibited faster and longer flight when compared with C. capitata, which may be associated with the shape of their wings. Moreover, thermal acclimation had sex‐ and species‐specific effects on flight performance. Flies acclimated at 20 °C stopped more often, spent less time flying and, ultimately, covered shorter distances.ConclusionFlight performance of B. dorsalis is greater than that of B. zonata and C. capitata. The effects of thermal acclimation are species‐specific. Warmer acclimation temperatures may allow pest fruit flies to disperse further and faster. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Model‐based meta‐analysis of ethnic differences and their variabilities in clearance of oral drugs classified by clearance mechanism
Authors: Sato Hiromi , Marutani Rika , Takaoka Ryota , Mori‐Fegan Daniel , Wang Xinying , Maeda Kazuya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi , Yoshioka Hideki , Hisaka Akihiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, the ethnic ratios (ERs) of oral clearance between Japanese and Western populations were subjected to model‐based meta‐analysis (MBMA) for 81 drugs evaluated in 673 clinical studies. The drugs were classified into eight groups according to the clearance mechanism, and the ER for each group was inferred together with interindividual variability (IIV), interstudy variability (ISV), and inter‐drug variability within a group (IDV) using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The ER, IIV, ISV, and IDV were dependent on the clearance mechanism, and, except for particular groups such as drugs metabolized by polymorphic enzymes or their clearance mechanism is not confirmative, the ethnic difference was found to be generally small. The IIV was well‐matched across ethnicities, and the ISV was approximately half of the IIV as the coefficient of variation. To adequately assess ethnic differences in oral clearance without false detections, phase I studies should be designed with full consideration of the mechanism of clearance. This study suggests that the methodology of classifying drugs based on the mechanism that causes ethnic differences and performing MBMA with statistical techniques such as MCMC analysis is helpful for a rational understanding of ethnic differences and for strategic drug development.
Successful treatment of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease complicated by a refractory pneumomediastinum in a patient with anti‐MDA5 antibody‐positive dermatomyositis
Authors: Jiang Lili , Chen Hong , Duan Lihua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionAnti‐melanoma differentiation‐associated gene 5‐positive dermatomyositis (anti‐MDA5+ DM) is a distinct subtype of DM, which is characterized by typical cutaneous features, minimal or no muscle involvement and notable interstitial lung disease, which typically progresses rapidly and has a high mortality. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (PNM), a relatively unusual but serious complication of anti‐MDA5+ DM, further increases mortality. Currently, there is no generally accepted treatment regimen for anti‐MDA5+ DM‐associated PNM.Case DescriptionA 53‐year‐old man with anti‐MDA5+ DM presented with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease that progressed to diffuse subcutaneous emphysema and PNM despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapies. He responded well to combined anti‐infection treatments, moderate immunotherapy, and continuous oxygen therapy.ConclusionComprehensive screening for potential infections, as well as close monitoring of the patient's immune status is essential for individualizing treatment and maximizing prognosis.
Simultaneous determination of paclitaxel and dasatinib in rat plasma and pharmacokinetic study on liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liang Yuan , Yin Jun , Yang Yu , Huang Ruiyan , Hu Penghui , Shu Chang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor most cancers, drugs in combination with chemotherapy is a promising way. Dasatinib in combination with paclitaxel can potentially be used to overcome triple‐negative breast cancer. In this work, we established an liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of dasatinib and paclitaxel. Tert‐Butyl methyl ether was used to extract paclitaxel, dasatinib, and docetaxel (Internal standard). The study used multiple reaction monitoring mode with electrospray ionization . Monitoring ion pairs for paclitaxel and dasatinib was m/z 876.2→308.2 and m/z 488.3→401.1, respectively. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Hedera ODS‐2 column (150 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm; Hanbon Science and Technology, China) maintained at 40°C. The mobile phase was acetonitrile containing 0.3% formic acid (B) and water (A). The gradient elution procedure was used: 0–1 min, 70% B; 1.1–4 min, 90% B; 4.1–7 min, 70% B. The results satisfied the requirements of biological sample determination. The liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of rats. The rats were simultaneously injected with dasatinib and paclitaxel by tail vein. What is more, this presented method could provide technical support for the clinical combination of these two drugs.
Risk factors for ultrasound‐diagnosed endometritis and its impact on fertility in Scottish dairy cattle herds
Authors: McKay Ciara , Viora Lorenzo , Denholm Katharine , Cook John , Belandria Richard Vazquez 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for and the impact of ultrasound‐diagnosed endometritis (UDE) on lactating dairy cows’ reproductive performance.MethodsData were analysed from 1123 Holstein and Holstein‐Friesian cows from two Scottish dairy farms. A reproductive ultrasound examination was conducted on two occasions, at 43 ± 3 and 50 ± 3 days in milk (DIM), to screen for hyperechoic fluid in the uterus. Statistical analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression modelling and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThe overall incidence of UDE was 8.8% (99/1123). Risk factors for UDE included calving during autumn/winter seasons, increased parity and the presence of two or more diseases in the first 50 ± 3 days postpartum. The presence of UDE was associated with a reduced odds of pregnancy after all artificial inseminations up to 150 DIM.LimitationsThe retrospective design of this study led to some inherent limitations with the quality and quantity of data collected.ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicate which risk factors should be monitored in postpartum dairy cows to limit the impact of UDE on future reproductive performance.
PVC polymer/ZnO/NiO/Co3O4 nanocomposites: Toward improved optical properties
Authors: El‐naggar A. M. , Heiba Zein K. , Kamal A. M. , Abd‐Elkader Omar H. , Abdellatief M. , Mohamed Mohamed Bakr 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUndoped and doped polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with zinc, nickel and cobalt oxides, ZnO/[(1−x)NiO/xCo3O4], composites were fabricated using co‐precipitation and casting techniques. The different phases present in the nanofiller ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4] mixed oxides were determined using synchrotron x‐ray diffraction technique. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis techniques were used to investigate the structure, composition, and morphology of pure and loaded PVC with nanofiller oxides. In general, compared with pure PVC, the absorbance was greatly enhanced, especially in the UV region, upon loading ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4], but it changed irregularly with the cobalt oxide (Co3O4) content (x). The direct and indirect optical band gaps of pristine PVC (4.14, 4.12 eV) reduced irregularly to minimum values 3.97 and 3.23 eV respectively for the polymer doped with ZnO/[0.3NiO/0.7Co3O4]. The refractive index was enhanced in the visible and IR regions and attained its highest value for PVC doped with zinc oxide/nickel oxide (ZnO/NiO) only (x = 0.0). NiO and Co3O4 ratios affect the linear and nonlinear optical parameters. The emitted spectra from pure and doped PVC polymers with the composite oxides [ZnO/[(1−x)NiO‐xCo3O4] under different excitation wavelengths were also explored. The FL intensity enhanced for the excitation wavelengths (λexc) = 380 and 434 nm but quenched for λexc = 317 nm. The loaded polymers absorb UVA, UVB, and UVC rays and are good candidates for solar cell applications.
Nonstationarity in correlation matrices for wind turbine SCADA‐data
Authors: Bette Henrik M. , Jungblut Edgar , Guhr Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractModern utility‐scale wind turbines are equipped with a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system gathering vast amounts of operational data that can be used for analysis to improve operation and maintenance of turbines. We analyze high‐frequency SCADA‐data from the Thanet offshore wind farm in the United Kindom and evaluate Pearson correlation matrices for a variety of observables with a moving time window. This renders possible a quantitative assessment of nonstationarity in mutual dependencies of different types of data. We show that a clustering algorithm applied to the correlation matrices reveals distinct correlation structures for different states. Looking first at only one and then at multiple turbines, the main dependence of these states is shown to be on wind speed. This is in accordance with known turbine control systems, which change the behavior of the turbine depending on the available wind speed. We model the boundary wind speeds separating the states based on the clustering solution. Our analysis shows that for high‐frequency data, the control mechanisms of a turbine lead to detectable nonstationarity in the correlation matrix. The presented methodology allows accounting for this with an automated preprocessing by sorting new data based on wind speed and comparing it to the respective operational state, thereby taking the nonstationarity into account for an analysis.