bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Pegylated Nano‐Phytosome Formulation with Oleuropein and Rutin to Compare Anti‐Colonic Cancer Activity with Olea Europaea Leaves Extract
Authors: Mahmood Tabarek H. , Al‐Samydai Ali , Sulaibi Mazen Al , Alqaraleh Moath , Abed Anas Ibrahim , Shalan Naeem , Alsanabrah Alaa , Alsotari Shrouq Taiseer , Nsairat Hamdi , Alshaer Walhan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOlive leaf extract is a valuable source of phenolic compounds; primarily, oleuropein (major component) and rutin. This natural olive leaf extract has potential use as a therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. However, its clinical application is hindered by poor pharmacokinetics and low stability. To overcome these limitations, this study aimed to enhance the anticancer activity and stability of oleuropein and rutin by loading them into PEGylated Nano‐phytosomes. The developed PEGylated Nano‐phytosomes exhibited favorable characteristics in terms of size, charge, and stability. Notably, the anticolonic cancer activity of the Pegylated Nano‐phytosomes loaded with oleuropein (IC50=0.14 μM) and rutin (IC50=0.44 μM) surpassed that of pure oleuropein and rutin alone. This outcome highlights the advantageous impact of Nano‐phytosomes to augment the anticancer potential of oleuropein and rutin. These results present a promising pathway for the future development of oleuropein and rutin Nano‐phytosomes as effective options for passive tumor‐targeted therapy, given their improved stability and efficacy.
Straightforward synthesis of chiral sulfonate‐based ionic liquids from amino alcohols for chiral recognition
Authors: Feuge Niklas , Wilhelm René 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNew sulfonate‐based chiral salts were prepared from amino alcohols and sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate, vinyl sulfonate, or sultone. The synthesis started with different amino acids from the chiral pool and gave the desired products in just four steps. After cation metathesis, the salts were explored as chiral solvating agents (CSAs) in NMR studies. The new chiral ionic liquids (CILs) were successfully able to interact with different chiral guest molecules and formed diastereomeric aggregates. In some cases, baseline separation was observed. The influence of the structural differences in the CIL as well as the structural requirements of the guest molecule is discussed.
Economics of Emerging Ammonia Fertilizer Production Methods – a Role for On‐Farm Synthesis?
Authors: Wiskich Anthony , Rapson Trevor 
Published: July 2023

AbstractProspects of recent promising methods of producing ammonia without fossil fuels are discussed. Despite demonstrating efficiency gains over previous similar approaches, the novel biological and electrochemical pathways require further large improvements to compete with electricity‐powered Haber‐Bosch. As some literature asserts that future production will shift to smaller scales, such as on‐farm, we qualitatively discuss the economics of scale of future green ammonia production.
Diurnal and seasonal source‐proximal dust concentrations in complex terrain, West Greenland
Authors: Bullard Joanna E. , Prater Clay , Baddock Matthew C. , Anderson N. John 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiurnal and seasonal cycles of aeolian activity are well‐constrained for low latitude dust source regions and provide valuable insights into relationships between dust emissions and environmental drivers. Such cycles have received little systematic attention in high latitude dust source areas (≥50°N and ≥40°S), and understanding them will aid the modelling of atmospheric dust over different timescales. This paper examines the timing and drivers of atmospheric dust concentration close to source at ice‐free locations c. 6 km and c. 37 km from the Greenland Ice Sheet margin. Dust concentration, and associated environmental drivers including wind speed and velocity, air temperature and humidity, was measured from April–October 2018 and April–August 2019. Measured dust concentrations were a similar order of magnitude to source‐proximal values measured globally and varied from 0 to ≥1000 μg m−3. Diurnal cycles in the environmental drivers of dust emission were similar to those observed in low latitudes, but unlike in the low latitudes, there was no clear diurnal pattern of dust concentration. Only 3 out of 17 recorded dust events showed a significant positive relationship between wind speed and dust concentration, and factors such as wind direction, humidity and sediment availability are the over‐riding controls on dust activity at the event and seasonal scales. Whereas 7 dust events are attributed to down‐valley katabatic winds, 10 events were associated with a westerly sea breeze blowing up‐valley towards the ice sheet and high atmospheric moisture content. If deposited on the ice, this dust will alter ice albedo both directly and indirectly, (e.g. through the promotion of algal blooms) affecting cryospheric melt rates. Our results demonstrate an intricate relationship between first‐order controls and dust concentration that raises challenges for modelling the uplift and subsequent dust transport from high latitude sources, especially the appropriateness of assumptions based on emissions behaviour at low latitudes.
Do feral pigs increase soil erosion? A monsoonal northern Australia case study
Authors: Hancock Greg R. , Lowry John B. C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnimals are recognised biological agents that can turn over large amounts of soil, influence soil structure and composition and may allow soil to more easily erode. Feeding activities of feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are known to produce considerable soil disturbance. Here, pig disturbance, together with soil erosion and deposition patterns, are quantified along two hillslope transects in northern Australia over 10 years. Annual disturbance by pigs was ~1% of surface area. The erosion rate was low with a range of 0.008–0.13 mm year−1. Both transects had similar hillslope profiles, vegetation patterns and similar appearance. There was a greater number of pig disturbances, area and mass of material disturbed by pigs for one transect compared to the other moving downslope. However, for the second transect, the number of disturbances significantly decreased moving downslope while the mass of material exhumed remained relatively constant along the hillslope. For the first transect, this suggests that the greater number of pig digs moving downslope reduces hillslope connectivity and therefore reduces erosion. That is, the greater the amount of disturbance by pigs, the less erosion. The pig digs produce a pit and a mound with the material diffusing locally and the pit capturing material from upslope reducing hillslope connectivity. These pits have been observed to last many years. A control on pig disturbance was likely to be rock content. The average surface rock content of the two transects was significantly different (9% and 20%, respectively) and with the higher rock content reducing pig disturbance and erosion for the second transect. The bio geomorphic influence that pigs represent in the landscape for biogeochemical cycling requires ongoing investigation.
Impact of lymph node ratio and number of lymph node metastases on survival and recurrence in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Molteni Gabriele , Nocini Riccardo , Mattioli Francesco , Nakayama Meijin , Dedivitis Rogerio A. , Mannelli Giuditta , Crosetti Erika , Chiesa‐Estomba Carlos Miguel , Sistiaga‐Suarez Jon A. , Giordano Leone , Galli Andrea , Lionello Marco , Mercante Giuseppe , Ralli Massimo , Fermi Matteo , Klein‐Rodríguez Alejandro , Mayo‐Yáñez Miguel , Serafini Edoardo , Pirola Francesca , Paderno Alberto , Cambria Francesca , Oridate Nobuhiko , Sano Daisuke , Boscolo‐Rizzo Paolo , Marcuzzo Alberto Vito , Parrinello Giampiero , Marchi Filippo , Saibene Alberto Maria , Tucciarone Manuel , Viscasillas Guillem , Zeleník Karol , Ramos Daniel Marin , Palacios‐Garcia Jose , Tirelli Giancarlo , Pellini Raul , Paludetti Gaetano , Galli Jacopo , Rossi Giorgia , De Vincentiis Marco , Cernea Claudio Roberto , Spriano Giuseppe , Bussi Mario , Peretti Giorgio , Succo Giovanni , Piazza Cesare , Bertolin Andy , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Presutti Livio , Sacchetto Andrea 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of lymph node ratio (LNR) and number of positive lymph nodes (NPLN) on mortality and recurrence rates in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective multicenter international study involving 24 Otorhinolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery divisions. Disease‐specific survival (DSS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) were evaluated as the main outcomes. The curves for DSS and DFS according to NPLN and LNR were analyzed to identify significant variations and establish specific cut‐off values.Results2507 patients met the inclusion criteria. DSS and DFS were significantly different in the groups of patients stratified according to LNR and NPLN. The 5‐year DSS and DFS based on LNR and NPLN demonstrated an improved ability to stratify patients when compared to pN staging.ConclusionOur data demonstrate the potential prognostic value of NPLN and LNR in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
The meningitis outbreak returns to Niger: Concern, efforts, challenges, and recommendations
Authors: Sibomana Olivier , Hakayuwa Clyde Moono 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMeningitis, a disease that commonly manifests in African meningitis belt, continues to be a public health problem as it is a fatal disease that leave survivors with long‐term effects. Most cases of meningitis are due to bacterial and viral infection, although parasites, fungus, cancer, drugs, and immune disorders can rarely cause meningitis. Stiff neck, high temperature, light sensitivity, disorientation, headaches, and vomiting are the most typical symptoms of meningitis. Niger, being in African meningitis belt, has been affected by many meningitis outbreaks. Since 2015, a total of 20,789 cases and 1369 fatalities (CFR 6.6%) have been documented in Niger. In contrast to earlier seasons, the current outbreak of meningitis in Niger exhibits both an increase in the number of cases and a rise in the growth rate. A total of 559 cases of meningitis, including 18 fatalities (overall CFR 3.2%), were reported in the Zinder Region, southeast of Niger, from 1 November 2022 to 27 January 2023, compared to 231 cases reported from 1 November 2021 to 31 January 2022. In the current outbreak, the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C (NmC) is responsible for the majority of laboratory confirmed cases (104/111; 93.7%). To organize the response to the outbreak, a global team of WHO and other partners, including MSF and UNICEF, has been sent to Niger. Even though there are many challenges in battle against meningitis in Niger, immunization, antibiotics administration and strong disease surveillance are recommended techniques to cope with the current meningitis outbreak in Niger.
Insights into layered–tunnel dynamic structural evolution based on local coordination chemistry regulation for high‐energy‐density and long‐cycle‐life sodium‐ion oxide cathodes
Authors: Xiao Yao , Liu Yi‐Feng , Li Hong‐Wei , Li Jia‐Yang , Wang Jing‐Qiang , Hu Hai‐Yan , Su Yu , Jian Zhuang‐Chun , Yao Hu‐Rong , Chen Shuang‐Qiang , Zeng Xian‐Xiang , Wu Xiong‐Wei , Wang Jia‐Zhao , Zhu Yan‐Fang , Dou Shi‐Xue , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe pursuit of high energy density while achieving long cycle life remains a challenge in developing transition metal (TM) oxide cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Here, we present a concept of precisely manipulating structural evolution via local coordination chemistry regulation to design high‐performance composite cathode materials. The controllable structural evolution process is realized by tuning magnesium content in Na0.6Mn1−xMgxO2, which is elucidated by a combination of experimental analysis and theoretical calculations. The substitution of Mg into Mn sites not only induces a unique structural evolution from layered–tunnel structure to layered structure but also mitigates the Jahn–Teller distortion of Mn3+. Meanwhile, benefiting from the strong ionic interaction between Mg2+ and O2−, local environments around O2− coordinated with electrochemically inactive Mg2+ are anchored in the TM layer, providing a pinning effect to stabilize crystal structure and smooth electrochemical profile. The layered–tunnel Na0.6Mn0.95Mg0.05O2 cathode material delivers 188.9 mAh g−1 of specific capacity, equivalent to 508.0 Wh kg−1 of energy density at 0.5C, and exhibits 71.3% of capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5C as well as excellent compatibility with hard carbon anode. This work may provide new insights of manipulating structural evolution in composite cathode materials via local coordination chemistry regulation and inspire more novel design of high‐performance SIB cathode materials.image
JAK Inhibitors in Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: Assadiasl Sara , Mojtahedi Hanieh , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein 
Published: July 2023

AbstractJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a novel group of immunosuppressive drugs approved to treat certain rheumatic and allergic disorders; however, their efficacy in the regulation of alloimmune responses after solid organ transplantation has not yet been elucidated. In the present review, we have summarized the results of in vitro, in vivo, experimental, and clinical trial studies about the efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors in improving allograft survival in solid organ transplantations, including kidney, heart, lung, and liver transplants. Moreover, reports on administering JAK inhibitors to steroid‐resistant patients with graft versus host disease (GvHD) after solid organ transplantation have been reviewed. Overall findings are suggestive of a beneficial role for JAK inhibitors in organ transplantation: for example, they have been shown to improve allograft function, reduce the rate and score of acute rejection, downregulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, and decrease oxidative stress. However, the adverse effects of these drugs, in particular bone marrow suppression and infection, remain an obstacle.
Walking for water and fuelwood: Welfare implications for women and children in Ghana
Authors: Lambon‐Quayefio Monica P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn most sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries, the burden of collecting fuelwood and water is gendered. Competing needs for women's time compel them to make choices, which present challenges for poverty reduction. The study investigates the impact of women's limited access to clean fuel and water on children's and women's welfare outcomes using the third wave of the Ghana socio‐economic panel survey. An instrumental variable approach is employed to address the endogeneity of women's time allocation and results suggest that limited access to safe water and clean fuel has significant implications for children's human capital development. I find similar negative effects for women's own health and labour market outcomes. Findings from the study have important policy implications regarding the provision of basic infrastructure for improved welfare outcomes.
Multitask Deep Learning‐Based Whole‐Process System for Automatic Diagnosis of Breast Lesions and Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis Discrimination from Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced‐MRI: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Zhou Heng , Hua Zhen , Gao Jing , Lin Fan , Chen Yuqian , Zhang Shijie , Zheng Tiantian , Wang Zhongyi , Shao Huafei , Li Wenjuan , Liu Fengjie , Li Qin , Chen Jingjing , Wang Ximing , Zhao Feng , Qu Nina , Xie Haizhu , Ma Heng , Zhang Haicheng , Mao Ning 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundAccurate diagnosis of breast lesions and discrimination of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases largely depend on radiologist experience.PurposeTo develop a deep learning‐based whole‐process system (DLWPS) for segmentation and diagnosis of breast lesions and discrimination of ALN metastasis.Study TypeRetrospective.Population1760 breast patients, who were divided into training and validation sets (1110 patients), internal (476 patients), and external (174 patients) test sets.Field Strength/Sequence3.0T/dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI sequence.AssessmentDLWPS was developed using segmentation and classification models. The DLWPS‐based segmentation model was developed by the U‐Net framework, which combined the attention module and the edge feature extraction module. The average score of the output scores of three networks was used as the result of the DLWPS‐based classification model. Moreover, the radiologists' diagnosis without and with the DLWPS‐assistance was explored. To reveal the underlying biological basis of DLWPS, genetic analysis was performed based on RNA‐sequencing data.Statistical TestsDice similarity coefficient (DI), area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa value.ResultsThe segmentation model reached a DI of 0.828 and 0.813 in the internal and external test sets, respectively. Within the breast lesions diagnosis, the DLWPS achieved AUCs of 0.973 in internal test set and 0.936 in external test set. For ALN metastasis discrimination, the DLWPS achieved AUCs of 0.927 in internal test set and 0.917 in external test set. The agreement of radiologists improved with the DLWPS‐assistance from 0.547 to 0.794, and from 0.848 to 0.892 in breast lesions diagnosis and ALN metastasis discrimination, respectively. Additionally, 10 breast cancers with ALN metastasis were associated with pathways of aerobic electron transport chain and cytoplasmic translation.Data ConclusionThe performance of DLWPS indicates that it can promote radiologists in the judgment of breast lesions and ALN metastasis and nonmetastasis.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage3
Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI to Evaluate the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in the Hippocampus of Rat Depression Model
Authors: Li Hao , Luo Xunrong , Qi Kai , Lv Yijie , Kan Junnan , Yang Changfeng , Lin Xiaoqian , Tao Jin , Zhang Wei , Liu Yan , Rong Kang , Wang Ailing , Jiang Zhongde , Li Xianglin 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundKetamine is a quick acting antidepressant drug, and an accurate detection method is lacking. Ketamine's effects in a rat depression model have not previously been well explored using glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST).PurposeTo investigate the GluCEST changes of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rats after receiving either ketamine or saline injection.Study TypeRandomized animal model trial.Animal Model12 CUMS and 6 Sprague–Dawley rats. Divided into three groups: ketamine (N = 6), saline (N = 6), and control (N = 6).Field Strength/Sequence7.0 T/the sequence is GluCEST and 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS).AssessmentThe CUMS rats were exposed to different stress factors for 8 weeks. The glutamate concentration in the hippocampus was assessed by the GluCEST,1H MRS, and the high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Statistical TestsThe t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson's correlation.ResultsIn depression conditions, GluCEST signals were lower in the bilateral hippocampus than in control group. Thirty minutes after ketamine injection, the GluCEST signals in the bilateral hippocampus were higher compared with the saline group (left: 2.99 ± 0.34 [Control] vs. 2.44 ± 0.20 [Saline] vs. 2.85 ± 0.11 [Ketamine]; right: 2.97 ± 0.28 [Control] vs. 2.49 ± 0.25 [Saline] vs. 2.86 ± 0.19 [Ketamine]). In 1H MRS, significant changes were only observed in the left hippocampus (2.00 ± 0.16 [Control] vs. 1.81 ± 0.09 [Saline] vs. 2.04 ± 0.14 [Ketamine]). Furthermore, HPLC results showed similar trends to those observed in the GluCEST results (left: 2.32 ± 0.22 [Control] vs. 1.96 ± 0.11 [Saline] vs. 2.18 ± 0.11 [Ketamine]; right: 2.35 ± 0.18 [Control] vs. 1.87 ± 0.16 [Saline] vs. 2.09 ± 0.08 [Ketamine]).Data ConclusionGluCEST can sensitively evaluate the ketamine's antidepressant effects by detecting the fast increase in glutamate concentration.Level of Evidence1Technical Efficacy Stage1
Peptide fractions from Sacha inchi induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells via P53 activation and a mitochondria‐mediated pathway
Authors: He Zhilin , Lin Jinming , Peng Dong , Zeng Jieyu , Pan Xiangmin , Zheng Rui , Li Pan , Du Bing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSacha inchi is known for its high protein content and medicinal properties. Bioactive peptides have been reported to have therapeutic potential in various human diseases. However, there is a lack of research evaluating the pharmacological value of peptides derived from Sacha inchi. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti‐hepatoma effect of Sacha inchi peptides (SPs) and their underlying mechanism.RESULTSThe study found that treatment with SPs significantly reduced the proliferation of HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. SPs also induced HepG2 cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of proteins such as Bax, Caspase‐3 and P53. The study identified nine novel peptides in SPs, of which LLEPDVR, ALVEKAKAS and TGDGSLRPY exhibited higher cell proliferative inhibition rates compared to other peptides.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study suggest that Sacha inchi peptides have potential pharmacological effects in the treatment of liver cancer. SPs effectively suppress the cell cycle and facilitate cell apoptosis, indicating their anti‐hepatoma effect. The novel peptides identified in SPs may have therapeutic value for liver cancer treatment. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of Grafting Maleic Anhydride onto Poly‐ɛ‐caprolactone on Facilitative Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Authors: Thangunpai Kotchaporn , Hu Donghao , Kajiyama Mikio , Neves Marcos A. , Enomae Toshiharu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlastic waste is a global issue because it causes overflowing landfills and pollution, leading to environmental concerns. To address this crisis, materials that can be decomposed in the natural environment are introduced to replace conventional plastics. Poly‐ɛ‐caprolactone (PCL) is a commonly used plastic that can degrade in natural environments. However, owing to its hydrophobicity, its natural decomposition rate is low. In this study, PCL is modified with maleic anhydride (MA) (PCL‐g‐MA) to increase hydrophilicity and amorphous region for faster decomposition. To assess the hydrolysis in seawater, lipase hydrolysis is performed to compare the decomposition of PCL‐g‐MA and PCL. Consequently, in a Pseudomonas lipase‐containing PBS solution, it takes 72 and 120 h for complete hydrolyze of PCL‐g‐MA and PCL, respectively. MA grafted onto PCL increases the amorphous region, where lipase can easily diffuse into PCL‐g‐MA. Morphological (FESEM and POM images), thermal (TGA and DSC), and structural (FTIR, XRD, and XPS) analyzes support the hydrolysis reaction. The mechanisms proposed in this study confirm that lipase hydrolysis starts in the amorphous regions and then transfers to the crystal regions. This hydrolysis progress is expected to facilitate the creation of eco‐friendly low‐cost PCL‐g‐MA composites with high‐rate hydrolysis, such as bio‐plastics and bio‐fibers.