bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydrophobicity of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles on Transport in Porous Media: Column Experiments and Modeling
Authors: May Daniel F. , Hassanpour Bahareh , Sinclair Laura , Steenhuis Tammo S. , Cathles Lawrence M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEngineered carbon‐based nanoparticles are increasingly used for environmental, industrial, and medical purposes. Thus, understanding their interaction with and transport through materials is important. We examine the impact of nanoparticle hydrophobicity and porous medium surface area on the transport of carbon nanoparticles through sand‐packed columns under saturated and unsaturated conditions. The fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNs) used in this study, synthesized from citric acid and ethanolamine, exhibit synthesis‐temperature‐dependent hydrophobicity. To quantify the impact of hydrophobicity on retention, we use FCNs synthesized at four temperatures: 190°C (FCN190), 210°C (FCN210), 230°C (FCN230), and 250°C (FCN250). Several observations are noted. First, the more hydrophobic particles (FCN230 and FCN250) attain lower outlet concentrations and mass recovery than more hydrophilic particles (FCN190 and FCN210). For instance, while 77% of the FCN190 was recovered after passing through a fine‐sand‐packed column, only 23% of the FCN250 was recovered. Second, sand surface area significantly impacts FCN recovery. A 17‐fold increase in sand surface area yields a 30% decrease in the recovery of FCN210. Third, no significant difference in the mass recovery of the FCNs was observed between the unsaturated and saturated conditions, which is attributed to the small size of the FCNs relative to the water film thickness surrounding sand grains. Fourth, the particle transport model in HYDRUS‐1D successfully simulated FCN transport, showing approximately a tenfold increase in the attachment coefficient for hydrophobic FCNs. In summary, through experiments and modeling, we show that hydrophobicity is a major factor impacting FCN transport.
Shared genetic architecture between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and lifespan
Authors: Vilar-Ribó Laura , Cabana-Domínguez Judit , Martorell Lourdes , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Sanchez-Roige Sandra , Palmer Abraham A. , Vilella Elisabet , Ribasés Marta , Muntané Gerard , Soler Artigas María 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere is evidence linking ADHD to a reduced life expectancy. The mortality rate in individuals with ADHD is twice that of the general population and it is associated with several factors, such as unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, social adversity, and mental health problems that may in turn increase mortality rates. Since ADHD and lifespan are heritable, we used data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of ADHD and parental lifespan, as proxy of individual lifespan, to estimate their genetic correlation, identify genetic loci jointly associated with both phenotypes and assess causality. We confirmed a negative genetic correlation between ADHD and parental lifespan (rg = −0.36,P = 1.41e−16). Nineteen independent loci were jointly associated with both ADHD and parental lifespan, with most of the alleles that increased the risk for ADHD being associated with shorter lifespan. Fifteen loci were novel for ADHD and two were already present in the original GWAS on parental lifespan. Mendelian randomization analyses pointed towards a negative causal effect of ADHD liability on lifespan (P = 1.54e−06; Beta = −0.07), although these results were not confirmed by all sensitivity analyses performed, and further evidence is required. The present study provides the first evidence of a common genetic background between ADHD and lifespan, which may play a role in the reported effect of ADHD on premature mortality risk. These results are consistent with previous epidemiological data describing reduced lifespan in mental disorders and support that ADHD is an important health condition that could negatively affect future life outcomes.
Tumor cell plasticity in targeted therapy-induced resistance: mechanisms and new strategies
Authors: Shi Zhen-Duo , Pang Kun , Wu Zhuo-Xun , Dong Yang , Hao Lin , Qin Jia-Xin , Wang Wei , Chen Zhe-Sheng , Han Cong-Hui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the success of targeted therapies in cancer treatment, therapy-induced resistance remains a major obstacle to a complete cure. Tumor cells evade treatments and relapse via phenotypic switching driven by intrinsic or induced cell plasticity. Several reversible mechanisms have been proposed to circumvent tumor cell plasticity, including epigenetic modifications, regulation of transcription factors, activation or suppression of key signaling pathways, as well as modification of the tumor environment. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor cell and cancer stem cell formation also serve as roads towards tumor cell plasticity. Corresponding treatment strategies have recently been developed that either target plasticity-related mechanisms or employ combination treatments. In this review, we delineate the formation of tumor cell plasticity and its manipulation of tumor evasion from targeted therapy. We discuss the non-genetic mechanisms of targeted drug-induced tumor cell plasticity in various types of tumors and provide insights into the contribution of tumor cell plasticity to acquired drug resistance. New therapeutic strategies such as inhibition or reversal of tumor cell plasticity are also presented. We also discuss the multitude of clinical trials that are ongoing worldwide with the intention of improving clinical outcomes. These advances provide a direction for developing novel therapeutic strategies and combination therapy regimens that target tumor cell plasticity.
Neonatal loss of FGFR2 in astroglial cells affects locomotion, sociability, working memory, and glia-neuron interactions in mice
Authors: Stevens Hanna E. , Scuderi Soraya , Collica Sarah C. , Tomasi Simone , Horvath Tamas L. , Vaccarino Flora M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is almost exclusively expressed in glial cells in postnatal mouse brain, but its impact in glia for brain behavioral functioning is poorly understood. We compared behavioral effects from FGFR2 loss in both neurons and astroglial cells and from FGFR2 loss in astroglial cells by using either the pluripotent progenitor-drivenhGFAP-creor the tamoxifen-inducible astrocyte-drivenGFAP-creERT2inFgfr2floxed mice. When FGFR2 was eliminated in embryonic pluripotent precursors or in early postnatal astroglia, mice were hyperactive, and had small changes in working memory, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior. In contrast, FGFR2 loss in astrocytes starting at 8 weeks of age resulted only in reduced anxiety-like behavior. Therefore, early postnatal loss of FGFR2 in astroglia is critical for broad behavioral dysregulation. Neurobiological assessments demonstrated that astrocyte-neuron membrane contact was reduced and glial glutamine synthetase expression increased only by early postnatal FGFR2 loss. We conclude that altered astroglial cell function dependent on FGFR2 in the early postnatal period may result in impaired synaptic development and behavioral regulation, modeling childhood behavioral deficits like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Distinct GSDMB protein isoforms and protease cleavage processes differentially control pyroptotic cell death and mitochondrial damage in cancer cells
Authors: Oltra Sara S. , Colomo Sara , Sin Laura , Pérez-López María , Lázaro Sara , Molina-Crespo Angela , Choi Kyoung-Han , Ros-Pardo David , Martínez Lidia , Morales Saleta , González-Paramos Cristina , Orantes Alba , Soriano Mario , Hernández Alberto , Lluch Ana , Rojo Federico , Albanell Joan , Gómez-Puertas Paulino , Ko Jae-Kyun , Sarrió David , Moreno-Bueno Gema 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGasdermin (GSDM)-mediated pyroptosis is functionally involved in multiple diseases, but Gasdermin-B (GSDMB) exhibit cell death-dependent and independent activities in several pathologies including cancer. When the GSDMB pore-forming N-terminal domain is released by Granzyme-A cleavage, it provokes cancer cell death, but uncleaved GSDMB promotes multiple pro-tumoral effects (invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance). To uncover the mechanisms of GSDMB pyroptosis, here we determined the GSDMB regions essential for cell death and described for the first time a differential role of the four translated GSDMB isoforms (GSDMB1-4, that differ in the alternative usage of exons 6-7) in this process. Accordingly, we here prove that exon 6 translation is essential for GSDMB mediated pyroptosis, and therefore, GSDMB isoforms lacking this exon (GSDMB1-2) cannot provoke cancer cell death. Consistently, in breast carcinomas the expression of GSDMB2, and not exon 6-containing variants (GSDMB3-4), associates with unfavourable clinical-pathological parameters. Mechanistically, we show that GSDMB N-terminal constructs containing exon-6 provoke cell membrane lysis and a concomitant mitochondrial damage. Moreover, we have identified specific residues within exon 6 and other regions of the N-terminal domain that are important for GSDMB-triggered cell death as well as for mitochondrial impairment. Additionally, we demonstrated that GSDMB cleavage by specific proteases (Granzyme-A, Neutrophil Elastase and caspases) have different effects on pyroptosis regulation. Thus, immunocyte-derived Granzyme-A can cleave all GSDMB isoforms, but in only those containing exon 6, this processing results in pyroptosis induction. By contrast, the cleavage of GSDMB isoforms by Neutrophil Elastase or caspases produces short N-terminal fragments with no cytotoxic activity, thus suggesting that these proteases act as inhibitory mechanisms of pyroptosis. Summarizing, our results have important implications for understanding the complex roles of GSDMB isoforms in cancer or other pathologies and for the future design of GSDMB-targeted therapies.
USP22 upregulates ZEB1-mediated VEGFA transcription in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zeng Kai , Xie Weiwen , Wang Chunyu , Wang Shengli , Liu Wei , Su Yingjie , Lin Lin , Zou Renlong , Sun Ge , Zhou Baosheng , Wang Manlin , Luan Ruina , Bai Yu , Huo Yunlong , Kato Shigeaki , Zhong Xinping , Zhao Yue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common solid tumor with high rate of recurrence and mortality. Anti-angiogenesis drugs have been used for the therapy of HCC. However, anti-angiogenic drug resistance commonly occurs during HCC treatment. Thus, identification of a novel VEGFA regulator would be better understanding for HCC progression and anti-angiogenic therapy resistance. Ubiquitin specific protease 22 (USP22) as a deubiquitinating enzyme, participates in a variety of biological processes in numerous tumors. While the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of USP22 on angiogenesis is still needed to be clarified. Here, our results demonstrated that USP22 acts as a co-activator of VEGFA transcription. Importantly, USP22 is involved in maintenance of ZEB1 stability via its deubiquitinase activity. USP22 was recruited to ZEB1-binding elements on the promoter of VEGFA, thereby altering histone H2Bub levels, to enhance ZEB1-mediated VEGFA transcription. USP22 depletion decreased cell proliferation, migration, Vascular Mimicry (VM) formation, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, we provided the evidence to show that knockdown of USP22 inhibited HCC growth in tumor-bearing nude mice. In addition, the expression of USP22 is positively correlated with that of ZEB1 in clinical HCC samples. Our findings suggest that USP22 participates in the promotion of HCC progression, if not all, at least partially via up-regulation of VEGFA transcription, providing a novel therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic drug resistance in HCC.
Fano interference between collective modes in cuprate high-Tc superconductors
Authors: Chu Hao , Kovalev Sergey , Wang Zi Xiao , Schwarz Lukas , Dong Tao , Feng Liwen , Haenel Rafael , Kim Min-Jae , Shabestari Parmida , Hoang Le Phuong , Honasoge Kedar , Dawson Robert David , Putzky Daniel , Kim Gideok , Puviani Matteo , Chen Min , Awari Nilesh , Ponomaryov Alexey N. , Ilyakov Igor , Bluschke Martin , Boschini Fabio , Zonno Marta , Zhdanovich Sergey , Na Mengxing , Christiani Georg , Logvenov Gennady , Jones David J. , Damascelli Andrea , Minola Matteo , Keimer Bernhard , Manske Dirk , Wang Nanlin , Deinert Jan-Christoph , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCuprate high-Tc superconductors are known for their intertwined interactions and the coexistence of competing orders. Uncovering experimental signatures of these interactions is often the first step in understanding their complex relations. A typical spectroscopic signature of the interaction between a discrete mode and a continuum of excitations is the Fano resonance/interference, characterized by the asymmetric light-scattering amplitude of the discrete mode as a function of the electromagnetic driving frequency. In this study, we report a new type of Fano resonance manifested by the nonlinear terahertz response of cuprate high-Tc superconductors, where we resolve both the amplitude and phase signatures of the Fano resonance. Our extensive hole-doping and magnetic field dependent investigation suggests that the Fano resonance may arise from an interplay between the superconducting fluctuations and the charge density wave fluctuations, prompting future studies to look more closely into their dynamical interactions.
Clinical NEC prevention practices drive different microbiome profiles and functional responses in the preterm intestine
Authors: Neumann Charlotte J. , Mahnert Alexander , Kumpitsch Christina , Kiu Raymond , Dalby Matthew J. , Kujawska Magdalena , Madl Tobias , Kurath-Koller Stefan , Urlesberger Berndt , Resch Bernhard , Hall Lindsay J. , Moissl-Eichinger Christine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPreterm infants with very low birthweight are at serious risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. To functionally analyse the principles of three successful preventive NEC regimens, we characterize fecal samples of 55 infants (<1500 g,n = 383, female = 22) longitudinally (two weeks) with respect to gut microbiome profiles (bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses; targeted 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics), microbial function, virulence factors, antibiotic resistances and metabolic profiles, including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and short-chain fatty acids (German Registry of Clinical Trials, No.: DRKS00009290). Regimens including probioticBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisNCDO 2203 supplementation affect microbiome development globally, pointing toward the genomic potential to convert HMOs. Engraftment of NCDO 2203 is associated with a substantial reduction of microbiome-associated antibiotic resistance as compared to regimens using probioticLactobacillus rhamnosusLCR 35 or no supplementation. Crucially, the beneficial effects ofBifidobacterium longumsubsp.infantisNCDO 2203 supplementation depends on simultaneous feeding with HMOs. We demonstrate that preventive regimens have the highest impact on development and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome, enabling the establishment of a resilient microbial ecosystem that reduces pathogenic threats in at-risk preterm infants.
Room temperature nondestructive encapsulation via self-crosslinked fluorosilicone polymer enables damp heat-stable sustainable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Tong , Yang Jiabao , Cao Qi , Pu Xingyu , Li Yuke , Chen Hui , Zhao Junsong , Zhang Yixin , Chen Xingyuan , Li Xuanhua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEncapsulation engineering is an effective strategy to improve the stability of perovskite solar cells. However, current encapsulation materials are not suitable for lead-based devices because of their complex encapsulation processes, poor thermal management, and inefficient lead leakage suppression. In this work, we design a self-crosslinked fluorosilicone polymer gel, achieving nondestructive encapsulation at room temperature. Moreover, the proposed encapsulation strategy effectively promotes heat transfer and mitigates the potential impact of heat accumulation. As a result, the encapsulated devices maintain 98% of the normalized power conversion efficiency after 1000 h in the damp heat test and retain 95% of the normalized efficiency after 220 cycles in the thermal cycling test, satisfying the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard. The encapsulated devices also exhibit excellent lead leakage inhibition rates, 99% in the rain test and 98% in the immersion test, owing to excellent glass protection and strong coordination interaction. Our strategy provides a universal and integrated solution for achieving efficient, stable, and sustainable perovskite photovoltaics.
Recapitulating thyroid cancer histotypes through engineering embryonic stem cells
Authors: Veschi Veronica , Turdo Alice , Modica Chiara , Verona Francesco , Di Franco Simone , Gaggianesi Miriam , Tirrò Elena , Di Bella Sebastiano , Iacono Melania Lo , Pantina Vincenzo Davide , Porcelli Gaetana , Mangiapane Laura Rosa , Bianca Paola , Rizzo Aroldo , Sciacca Elisabetta , Pillitteri Irene , Vella Veronica , Belfiore Antonino , Bongiorno Maria Rita , Pistone Giuseppe , Memeo Lorenzo , Colarossi Lorenzo , Giuffrida Dario , Colarossi Cristina , Vigneri Paolo , Todaro Matilde , Stassi Giorgio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThyroid carcinoma (TC) is the most common malignancy of endocrine organs. The cell subpopulation in the lineage hierarchy that serves as cell of origin for the different TC histotypes is unknown. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with appropriate in vitro stimulation undergo sequential differentiation into thyroid progenitor cells (TPCs-day 22), which maturate into thyrocytes (day 30). Here, we create follicular cell-derived TCs of all the different histotypes based on specific genomic alterations delivered by CRISPR-Cas9 in hESC-derived TPCs. Specifically, TPCs harboring BRAFV600E or NRASQ61R mutations generate papillary or follicular TC, respectively, whereas addition of TP53R248Q generate undifferentiated TCs. Of note, TCs arise by engineering TPCs, whereas mature thyrocytes have a very limited tumorigenic capacity. The same mutations result in teratocarcinomas when delivered in early differentiating hESCs. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)/Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9)/Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) ternary complex, in cooperation with Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), is involved in TC initiation and progression. Increasing radioiodine uptake, KISS1R and TIMP1 targeting may represent a therapeutic adjuvant option for undifferentiated TCs.
Fully paper-integrated hydrophobic and air permeable piezoresistive sensors for high-humidity and underwater wearable motion monitoring
Authors: Wei Yuewen , Shi Xuewen , Yao Zhuoqi , Zhi Jiacai , Hu Lixuan , Yan Ren , Shi Chuanqian , Yu Hai-Dong , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPaper-based electronics have attracted much attention due to their softness, degradability, and low cost. However, paper-based sensors are difficult to apply to high-humidity environments or even underwater. Here, we report a fully paper-integrated piezoresistive sensing system that exhibits flexibility, waterproofing, air permeability, and biocompatibility. This system consists of hydrophobic paper as the substrate and encapsulation layer, conductive paper with a double ‘zig-zag’ and dotted surface structure as the sensing layer, and silver paste films as the interconnects. The structural design of the sensing layer helps to increase the contact area in adjacent layers under pressure and further improves the pressure sensitivity. The piezoresistive system can be worn on human skin in the ambient environment, wet environment, and water for real-time monitoring of physiological signals with air permeability and waterproofing due to its hydrophobic fiber structure. Such a device provides a reliable, economical, and eco-friendly solution to wearable technologies.
Immune correlates analysis of a phase 3 trial of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine
Authors: Benkeser David , Fong Youyi , Janes Holly E. , Kelly Elizabeth J. , Hirsch Ian , Sproule Stephanie , Stanley Ann Marie , Maaske Jill , Villafana Tonya , Houchens Christopher R. , Martins Karen , Jayashankar Lakshmi , Castellino Flora , Ayala Victor , Petropoulos Christos J. , Leith Andrew , Haugaard Deanne , Webb Bill , Lu Yiwen , Yu Chenchen , Borate Bhavesh , van der Laan Lars W. P. , Hejazi Nima S. , Carpp Lindsay N. , Randhawa April K. , Andrasik Michele P. , Kublin James G. , Isaacs Margaret Brewinski , Makhene Mamodikoe , Tong Tina , Robb Merlin L. , Corey Lawrence , Neuzil Kathleen M. , Follmann Dean , Hoffman Corey , Falsey Ann R. , Sobieszczyk Magdalena , Koup Richard A. , Donis Ruben O. , Gilbert Peter B. ,   on behalf of the AstraZeneca AZD1222 Clinical Study Group,   the Immune Assays Team,   the United States Government (USG)/CoVPN Biostatistics Team
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn the phase 3 trial of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine conducted in the U.S., Chile, and Peru, anti-spike binding IgG concentration (spike IgG) and pseudovirus 50% neutralizing antibody titer (nAb ID50) measured four weeks after two doses were assessed as correlates of risk and protection against PCR-confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19). These analyses of SARS-CoV-2 negative participants were based on case-cohort sampling of vaccine recipients (33 COVID-19 cases by 4 months post dose two, 463 non-cases). The adjusted hazard ratio of COVID-19 was 0.32 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.76) per 10-fold increase in spike IgG concentration and 0.28 (0.10, 0.77) per 10-fold increase in nAb ID50 titer. At nAb ID50 below the limit of detection (< 2.612 IU50/ml), 10, 100, and 270 IU50/ml, vaccine efficacy was −5.8% (−651%, 75.6%), 64.9% (56.4%, 86.9%), 90.0% (55.8%, 97.6%) and 94.2% (69.4%, 99.1%). These findings provide further evidence towards defining an immune marker correlate of protection to help guide regulatory/approval decisions for COVID-19 vaccines.
Evaluation of dynamic eco-efficiency of water companies: the influence of non-revenue water and water supply interruptions
Authors: Maziotis Alexandros , Molinos-Senante Maria , Sala-Garrido Ramón , Mocholí-Arce Manuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBenchmarking the dynamic performance of water companies is a powerful tool to develop sound policies. However, it requires the use of reliable and robust methods and quality of data. In this study, the stochastic nonparametric envelopment of data (StoNED) method was employed to assess productivity change and eco-productivity change of a sample of Chilean water companies over the period 2010–2018. The StoNED approach overcomes the main limitations of stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis techniques which are the most commonly used to evaluate performance of water companies. Productivity change metric focused on the economic performance, whereas eco-productivity change evaluated economic and quality of service performance by including non-revenue water and unplanned water supply interruptions. Hence, this study analyzed the impact of quality of service variables on the dynamic eco-efficiency of water companies. The annual average productivity change and eco-productivity change estimations were 0.18% and −0.14%, respectively. It was evidenced that on average the Chilean water companies have put as priority to reduce operational costs than to improve quality of service. In both performance metrics, efficiency change was the main contributor to performance changes, whereas the role of technical change was negligible. It was illustrated that full private water companies performed better than concessionary companies and the public company. Reducing non-revenue water and unplanned water supply interruptions was particularly costly for concessionary water companies. The methodology and conclusions of this study are of great interest for water regulators and water utilities to improve the benchmarking process in the provision of drinking water services.