bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural variation, animal welfare andtelos
Authors: Rollin BE 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe effect of varied cultural traditions on concepts of animal welfare appears to be a novel issue, growing out of recent societal concerns with globalisation, multi-culturalism, and diversity. In more imperialistic times, Western culture cared little about such issues. Upon reflection, however, it is apparent that this is not a new issue, as even within our culture the concept of welfare has been variously defined, based on differences in values in general and ethics in particular, varying enormously with different views of the moral status of animals. A most dramatic example of this can be found in production agriculture's view that (to paraphrase) ‘the animal is experiencing good welfare when it fulfils the human (production) purpose for which it is kept’, as expressed in the Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) report of 1981. Clearly, an animal welfare advocate opposed to confinement agriculture would have expressed a very different view. If the concept of animal welfare is both intra- and cross-culturally varied, how then does one resolve differences? The answer may be found in what I have termed the ‘new social ethic for animals’ that is fairly uniform across Western societies, as I explain in this paper. In essence, the new ethic focusses on satisfying animals' needs dictated by theirtelosor biological nature. Insofar as Western democratic societies dictate to the rest of the world, which is economically dependent upon them, we will see this animal ethic achieve global hegemony, much as the notion of human rights has become globally ubiquitous as an ideal.
Predicting quality of life outcomes as a guide for decision-making: the challenge of hitting a moving target
Authors: McMillan FD 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn animal care, when current decisions are made to maximise long-term quality of life (QoL), a key necessity is being able to make accurate predictions about how current choices will affect the animal's future QoL. However, in the procession of any individual's life, many factors that influence QoL change — some are foreseeable, many are not. Moreover, QoL has no fixed anchor points; it is dynamic, mutable, with a shifting frame of reference over time. In addition to actual changes in QoL over time, numerous factors have been identified that influence one's ability to adopt the mindset of the individual at a later point in time — for one's self as well as that of others. It has been shown that in people, across a wide range of health conditions, individuals with illness or disability typically report greater happiness and QoL than do healthy people envisioning themselves in similar circumstances (‘the disability paradox‘). Difficulties in QoL outcome prediction fall into two categories: (1) predictions made with the wrong mindset, in which there is a mismatch between the mindset of the assessor/predictor and that of the assessee/experiencer; and (2) predictions made on the basis of unforeseen or incorrectly estimated psychological changes in the assessee/experiencer.
Tail and ear biting lesions in pigs: an epidemiological study
Authors: Smulders D , Hautekiet V , Verbeke G , Geers R 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTail and ear biting lesions have a negative effect both on the animal welfare status of pigs (Sus scrofus) and the economical revenue of the pig farm. Tail biting behaviour is an unpredictable, abnormal behaviour that is thought to have a multifactorial origin. On-farm factors influencing tail biting have been described, but the real triggers are poorly understood. Much of the research into tail biting has been done on a small scale within a well-controlled environment and small sample sizes. This well-controlled environment is not always representative of the contemporary commercial conditions. Therefore, an observational epidemiological approach at farm level was adopted to gain a better insight into the factors influencing the occurrence of tail and ear biting lesions. Tail and ear biting lesions were observed at pen level three times a year on sixty farms across Belgium. A questionnaire was conducted to build a multifactorial model indicating different risk factors concerning the lesions scored. The temperature and the number of feeding places per animal in the nursery, the percentage of floor space covered with slats in the farrowing unit, the feed type in the growing unit and the overall hygiene policy were the most important indicators for the appearance of tail and ear biting lesions during fattening. The leave-one-out cross validation of the model demonstrated an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.55 between the predicted model outcomes and the observed data. This epidemiological study provides important potential risk factors in relation to the incidence of tail and ear biting lesions. However, experimental and/or longitudinal studies have to confirm that the correlations found in this work are causal factors.
Disrupted Learning about Democracy: Instructor Strategies for Navigating Temporary Modality Shifts
Authors: Jansa Joshua M. , Ringsmuth Eve M. 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTWithin-semester shifts in course modality in response to pandemics, weather, or accommodation for travel and health are increasingly common and can interrupt student learning. We tracked temporary modality changes across 10 sections of “Introduction to American Government” to examine the extent to which instructors have tools to help students successfully navigate such changes and mitigate learning loss. We find that students rated instructors’ handling of shifts well if they made course material engaging, communicated clearly, and effectively used technology. The analysis suggests that instructors can mitigate the impact of unplanned changes to modality on students’ learning when there are three or fewer shifts during a semester.
Language and cultural capital in the discursive maintenance of Japanese identity
Authors: Capobianco Paul 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper explains how the possession of linguistic and cultural capital, real and imagined, works to “make” people Japanese and reify the boundary of Japanese identity. Drawing on case studies of celebrities with multiple heritage and ethnographic data, this paper shows how discursive associations with possessing cultural capital (re)create boundaries of Japanese identity, incorporating potential out-group members and excluding ostensible in-group members. The paper argues that the possession of native-level cultural capital will become an important way of differentiating “Japanese” from Others henceforth. These discursive processes apply old hegemonic ideologies in novel ways, allowing for the perpetuation of extant identity discourses and cultural institutions to be reproduced with new faces. It also argues that cultural capital is a more practical way of categorizing Japanese people from Others than identity constructions such as race and ethnicity. In doing so, it also demonstrates how Japanese people possess multiple understandings of Japanese authenticity, which both facilitates and hinders the absorption of potential Others into the collective.
Mid‐Latitude Ionospheric Response to a Weak Geomagnetic Activity Event During Solar Minimum
Authors: Zhai Changzhi , Cai Xuguang , Wang Wenbin , Coster Anthea , Qian Liying , Solomon Stanley C. , Yu Tingting , He Maosheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSalient depletions (30%–40% of the reference values) were observed in the vertical total electron content (VTEC) from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) network and the topside ionosphere electron density from Swarm satellites measurements over the Western Atlantic and Northeast American regions during a weak geomagnetic activity event (maximum Kp = 2.3) between Day‐of‐Year (DOY) 155 and 156 in 2019. These depletions coincided with thermospheric Oxygen (O) to Nitrogen (N2) column density ratio (∑O/N2) depletions observed by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) reproduces VTEC depletions qualitatively, which is used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Term analysis of the TIEGCM oxygen ion (O+) continuity equation showed that the VTEC depletion was dominated by chemical processes and neutral wind transport effects, which were partially offset by the transport due to E × B drifts and ambipolar diffusion. On the dayside, the contribution from the neutral wind transport was induced by a weak poleward meridional wind during the geomagnetic activity. With the decrease of electron density, the loss rate in the chemical term was reduced, which led to a large reduction of the contribution from chemical processes to electron density and TEC changes during the event, and the contribution of the neutral wind to VTEC depletion even exceeded that of chemical processes after 14:10 UT.
UFKW Propagation in the Dissipative Thermosphere
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Zhang Xiaoli , Palo Scott E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract“Ultra‐fast” Kelvin waves (UFKWs) serve as a mechanism for coupling the tropical troposphere with the mesosphere, thermosphere and ionosphere. Herein, solutions to the linearized wave equations in a dissipative thermosphere in the form of “Hough Mode Extensions (HMEs)” are employed to better understand the vertical propagation of the subset of these waves that most effectively penetrate into the thermosphere above about 100 km altitude; namely, UFKWs with periods ≲4 days, vertical wavelengths (λz) ≳30 km, and zonal wavenumber s = −1. Molecular dissipation is found to broaden latitude structures of UFKWs with increasing height while their vertical wavelengths (λz) increase with latitude. Collisions with ions fixed to Earth's magnetic field (“ion drag”) are found to dampen UFKW amplitudes, increasingly so as the densities of those ions increase with increased solar flux. The direct effect of ion drag is to decelerate the zonal wind. This leads to suppression of vertical velocity and the velocity divergence, and related terms in the continuity and thermal energy equations, respectively, that lead to diminished perturbation temperature and density responses. Access is provided to the UFKW HMEs analyzed here in tabular and graphical form, and potential uses for future scientific studies are noted.
The Effects of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on the Marine Ecosystem of the Northern South China Sea
Authors: He Wenbo , Lai Zhigang , Lu Wenfang , Li Dongdong , Chen Changsheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rapid economic developments in countries surrounding the South China Sea have caused a significant increase in the atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (AD‐N) into the ocean. The impact of AD‐N on the regional ecosystem has not been quantitatively assessed, and its driving mechanism has not been explored, either. Here, we applied a one‐dimensional European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model to examine the responses of the ecosystem to AD‐N. The physical‐biological coupled model reproduced the seasonal and interannual variabilities of observed nutrients, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton community structure, and particulate organic carbon (POC) exports at the South East Asia Time‐series Station. Seasonally, the increase of POC flux by AD‐N was most significant in winter, with a ∼2‐month lag behind the associated surface response. It can exist in the following spring, as supported by the larger population size of zooplankton after the previous winter's feeding up. Notably, the ratio of POC export to primary production varied seasonally and interannually, which was controlled by the phytoplankton and zooplankton's size compositions. The surface nutrient input thus caused a significant seasonal change in the biological carbon pump efficiency. Interannually, the modulation of the POC flux by AD‐N was inversely phase‐locked with wind variations. The out‐of‐phase of the surface‐ and subsurface‐nutrient‐driven POC fluxes suggested a potentially more considerable contribution of AD‐N to the total carbon export during years under the weak subsurface influence. This study highlights the importance of AD‐N in the regional ecosystem, which needs a better representation in the present biogeochemical modeling framework.
Solar Rotation Effects in Earth's and Mars' Thermospheric Densities as Revealed by Concurrent MAVEN, Swarm‐C, and GOES Observations
Authors: Gasperini F. , Hughes J. , Thiemann E. M. B. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe responses of Earth's and Mars' thermospheric densities to quasi‐periodic (∼27‐day) solar rotation variations in flux were measured contemporaneously by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, and Swarm‐C satellites. While large solar rotation variability is found in both planetary thermospheres, correlation analyses performed on over 6 years of observations reveal that, independently of extreme ultraviolet flux level, Earth's daytime density response is about 10%–50% larger than Mars' at a similar density level. Important altitude dependencies in the density sensitivity to the solar rotation in solar flux are found in the Martian thermosphere, while the terrestrial thermosphere is shown to exhibit only small (±5%) day/night and latitude variations in the response. Detailed analyses focused on correlative periods in 2015–2016 and 2020 indicate important solar cycle effects in the sensitivities of both planetary thermospheres, with increased slopes under low solar flux conditions. These results provide important new insights into processes relevant to the interpretation of the sources of short‐term density variability in Mars' and Earth's thermospheres associated with solar drivers and point to the need for targeted modeling efforts along with dedicated data analyses to help resolve current unknowns in thermal balance processes.
Low‐Temperature Thermochronology for Defining the Tectonic Controls on Heterogeneous Gold Endowment Across the Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China
Authors: Qiu Kun‐Feng , Deng Jun , Sai Sheng‐Xun , Yu Hao‐Cheng , Tamer Murat T. , Ding Zheng‐Jiang , Yu Xue‐Feng , Goldfarb Richard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study presents a low‐temperature thermochronological data set from the Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, including new zircon U‐Th/He and apatite fission‐track data from the Sulu Terrane in the eastern side of the Jiaodong Peninsula and published data from the Jiaobei Uplift to the west. These data reveal differential tectonic evolution between the Jiaobei Uplift and the Sulu Terrane, which is responsible for their heterogeneous gold endowment. Thermal history inverse modeling and structural analysis indicate three broad periods of cooling in the Sulu Terrane. These include: (a) slow cooling from 114 to 50 Ma; (b) rapid cooling from 50 to 40 Ma; and (c) tectonic stability after 40 Ma with little cooling. This thermotectonic evolution pattern shows that the local tectonic evolution of Sulu Terrane and Jiaobei Uplift are relatively independent, although they share identical far‐field geodynamic controls. The critical characteristic is the Early Cretaceous extension within the Sulu Terrane was much weaker than that in the Jiaobei Uplift that underwent a rapid period of uplift in the Aptian. The differential tectonic evolution of the two areas induced variation in structural architecture and consequential differences in degree of extension that are important factors in defining the heterogeneous gold endowment rather than simply suggested differences in ore‐forming fluid chemistry, metal precipitation mechanism, and/or exhumation levels. The intense extension in the Jiaobei Uplift was conducive to voluminous fluid migration and gold precipitation. In contrast, the much weaker extensional setting in the Sulu Terrane was not conducive to large‐scale fluid migration from deep.
Emergent Scaling of Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in Freshwater Streams Across Contiguous USA
Authors: Abdul‐Aziz Omar I. , Gebreslase Aron K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDissolved oxygen (DO) indicates the overall stream water quality and ecosystem health. We investigated emergent scaling of DO with the dominant environmental drivers in freshwater (non‐coastal) streams across the contiguous United States. Available data of monthly to quarterly sampling frequencies during 1998–2015 were obtained for 86 U.S. streams. Data analytics indicated water temperature (Tw) and pH (a proxy of carbon dioxide) dominating the key environmental process components of DO concentrations in the freshwater streams. The “climatic” process component (comprising Tw and net radiation) had, respectively, ∼3 and ∼9 times stronger control on DO than the “biogeochemical” (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pH, and specific conductivity) and “hydro‐atmospheric” exchange (stream flow and atmospheric pressure) components. The predominant climatic control on stream DO was linked to the high extent of vegetated land (on average ∼53%) and steep slope (∼10%) in the draining watersheds, despite the notable presence of agricultural land (∼35%). An emergent power law scaling relationship was then developed to acceptably predict DO (mg/l) based on Tw (K) and pH, with the approximate exponents of −15/2 and 1/2, respectively (Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency = 0.72–0.73). The scaling law demonstrated the underlying organizing principles such as the depletion of stream DO due to reduced dissolution and increased metabolic respiration with the increasing temperature and nutrients. The scaling law was persistent across the various U.S. streams, representing gradients in climate, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and land use/cover. The findings would help understand and manage water quality and ecosystem health in freshwater streams across the United States and beyond.
Use of mouse primary epidermal organoids for USA300 infection modeling and drug screening
Authors: Xie Xiaorui , Tong Xuebo , Li Zhihong , Cheng Quan , Wang Xiaowei , Long Yin , Liu Fangbo , Wang Yonghui , Wang Juan , Liu Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSkin infections caused by drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occur at high rates nationwide. Mouse primary epidermal organoids (mPEOs) possess stratified histological and morphological characteristics of epidermis and are highly similar to their derived tissue at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. Herein, the susceptibility of mPEOs to methicillin-resistant S. aureus USA300 infection was investigated. The results show that mPEOs support USA300 colonization and invasion, exhibiting swollen epithelial squamous cells with nuclear necrosis and secreting inflammatory factors such as IL-1β. Meanwhile mPEOs beneficial to observe the process of USA300 colonization with increasing infection time, and USA300 induces mPEOs to undergo pyroptosis and autophagy. In addition, we performed a drug screen for the mPEO infection model and showed that vancomycin restores cell viability and inhibits bacterial internalization in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, we establish an in vitro skin infection model that contributes to the examination of drug screening strategies and antimicrobial drug mechanisms.
A reliable vaccine tracking and monitoring system for health clinics using blockchain
Authors: Biswas Kamanashis , Muthukkumarasamy Vallipuram , Bai Guangdong , Chowdhury Mohammad Jabed Morshed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVaccines are delicate biological substances that gradually become inactive over time and must be kept under a recommended temperature range of 2–8 °C for both short and long-term storage. Exposure to heat or freezing temperatures can highly affect the immunological properties of these vaccines and make them completely ineffective. Research shows that vaccine exposure to temperatures outside the recommended range is 33% in developed countries and 37.1% in developing countries. In practice, vaccines are stored in refrigerators, while thermometers and data loggers are used to record and monitor temperatures. However, traditional systems are unreliable due to lack of battery backup, human error, periodic logging of temperatures, etc. Therefore, an effective and reliable vaccine tracking and monitoring system is urgently needed. This paper proposes a blockchain-based, smart contract enabled solution that ensures an enhanced level of security, transparency, and traceability of stored vaccines in a health clinic, and enables the complete history of every vaccine to be checked from the day the vaccine is received by the health clinic to the date it is used or expires. We also formally analyze the resiliency of the proposed system against several attacks and compare the system with existing blockchain and non-blockchain-based solutions.
An operations research approach to automated patient scheduling for eye care using a multi-criteria decision support tool
Authors: Evans Luke , Acton Jennifer H. , Hiscott Carla , Gartner Daniel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractInefficient management of resources and waiting lists for high-risk ophthalmology patients can contribute to sight loss. The aim was to develop a decision support tool which determines an optimal patient schedule for ophthalmology patients. Our approach considers available booking slots as well as patient-specific factors. Using standard software (Microsoft Excel and OpenSolver), an operations research approach was used to formulate a mathematical model. Given a set of patients and clinic capacities, the model objective was to schedule patients efficiently depending on eyecare measure risk factors, referral-to-treatment times and targets, patient locations and slot availabilities over a pre-defined planning horizon. Our decision support tool can feedback whether or not a patient is scheduled. If a patient is scheduled, the tool determines the optimal date and location to book the patients’ appointments, with a score provided to show the associated value of the decisions made. Our dataset from 519 patients showed optimal prioritization based on location, risk of serious vision loss/damage and the referral-to-treatment time. Given the constraints of available slots, managers can input hospital-specific parameters such as demand and capacity into our model. The model can be applied and implemented immediately, without the need for additional software, to generate an optimized patient schedule.