bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐traumatic consumption: Does emotion regulation moderate the relationship between military life stressors, mental health outcomes, and compulsive buying?
Authors: Russell Cristel A. , Russell Dale W. , Harris Christine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeConsumers may cope with stressful events and their resulting negative mental health outcomes through maladaptive behaviors. One such behavior is compulsive buying, an uncontrolled urge to purchase things. This can have devastating financial consequences, especially among vulnerable members of the population. Emotion regulation research suggests that differences in individuals' ability to manage and cope with stressors may attenuate their negative consequences. Thus, this research investigates whether expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal, two types of emotion regulation, moderate whether and how stressors related to a military deployment and its mental health outcomes relate to compulsive consumption.ApproachThis prospective naturalistic multiphase study followed a US Army unit during a combat deployment cycle and analyzed survey data collected before, during, and after its members' deployment to Afghanistan.FindingsThe findings identify the moderating role of emotion regulation strategies on the relationship between mental health symptoms and compulsive buying. Servicemembers with high mental health symptoms were less likely to engage in compulsive buying if they had high expressive suppression. Although the emotion regulatory profile of high suppression and low reappraisal is usually considered the least beneficial, it emerges as a buffer against engaging in compulsive buying behavior.OriginalityThis field study explored the rarely researched topic of compulsive buying within a military population that routinely faces stressful situations. The research also contributes to the growing body of evidence of the role of strategies for emotion regulation in the context of potentially maladaptive behaviors in the marketplace.
One Man's Death is Another Man's Bread: The Effect of a CEO's Sudden Death on Competitors' Strategic Investments
Authors: Cho Sam Yul , Choi Yohan , Park Haemin Dennis , Kwon Jung Hyun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe examine how a CEO's sudden death influences competitors' strategic investments. Consistent with the literature on death awareness and the expectancy‐valence model, we suggest that a CEO's unexpected death can trigger competitors' competitive moves. Using a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we show that a competitor increases strategic investments after its peer firm experiences a CEO's sudden death. This effect becomes stronger when the competitor and its peer firm share similar resource allocation profiles or the competitor possesses greater organizational slack. Our supplementary analysis shows that a competitor increases its strategic action intensity following a CEO's sudden demise at a peer firm. This study contributes to the competitive dynamics literature by highlighting how critical events affecting the cognitive base and values of strategic leaders expose strategic vulnerability and in turn evoke competitive moves by competitors in response to the events.
Evaluation of the efficacy of the hypocretin/orexin receptor agonists TAK‐925 and ARN‐776 in narcoleptic orexin/tTA; TetO‐DTA mice
Authors: Sun Yu , Ranjan Alok , Tisdale Ryan , Ma Shun‐Chieh , Park Sunmee , Haire Meghan , Heu Jasmine , Morairty Stephen R. , Wang Xiaoyu , Rosenbaum Daniel M. , Williams Noelle S. , De Brabander Jef K. , Kilduff Thomas S. 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThe sleep disorder narcolepsy, a hypocretin deficiency disorder thought to be due to degeneration of hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin neurons, is currently treated symptomatically. We evaluated the efficacy of two small molecule hypocretin/orexin receptor‐2 (HCRTR2) agonists in narcoleptic male orexin/tTA; TetO‐DTA mice. TAK‐925 (1–10 mg/kg, s.c.) and ARN‐776 (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) were injected 15 min before dark onset in a repeated measures design. EEG, EMG, subcutaneous temperature (Tsc) and activity were recorded by telemetry; recordings for the first 6 h of the dark period were scored for sleep/wake and cataplexy. At all doses tested, TAK‐925 and ARN‐776 caused continuous wakefulness and eliminated sleep for the first hour. Both TAK‐925 and ARN‐776 caused dose‐related delays in NREM sleep onset. All doses of TAK‐925 and all but the lowest dose of ARN‐776 eliminated cataplexy during the first hour after treatment; the anti‐cataplectic effect of TAK‐925 persisted into the second hour for the highest dose. TAK‐925 and ARN‐776 also reduced the cumulative amount of cataplexy during the 6 h post‐dosing period. The acute increase in wakefulness produced by both HCRTR2 agonists was characterised by increased spectral power in the gamma EEG band. Although neither compound provoked a NREM sleep rebound, both compounds affected NREM EEG during the second hour post‐dosing. TAK‐925 and ARN‐776 also increased gross motor activity, running wheel activity, and Tsc, suggesting that the wake‐promoting and sleep‐suppressing activities of these compounds could be a consequence of hyperactivity. Nonetheless, the anti‐cataplectic activity of TAK‐925 and ARN‐776 is encouraging for the development of HCRTR2 agonists.
Comparison of sleep deprivation and a low dose of ketamine on sleep and the electroencephalogram in Brown Norway rats
Authors: Wang Yumeng , Melgers Marije , Meijer Johanna H. , Deboer Tom 
Published: February 2023

SummaryKetamine is known for its antidepressant effects, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unclear. In contrast to most antidepressant drugs, the action of ketamine is rapid, suggesting a different mode of action. A rapid antidepressant effect is also observed following sleep deprivation (SD). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6‐h SD and acute ketamine treatment on vigilance states, locomotor activity, and electroencephalogram (EEG) power density spectra in Brown Norway rats under constant condition over 2 recording days. After SD and after the initial waking period induced by ketamine, both treatments induced a similar increase in non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and EEG slow‐wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was reduced immediately after both treatments but was recovered later only after the SD. The effects on the waking EEG differed between the treatments, with a faster theta peak during and after SD, and no change in the waking spectrum after ketamine. In conclusion, SD and ketamine both lead to an acute increment in NREM sleep SWA as well as in a reduction in REM sleep. The results suggest that selective suppression of REM sleep, combined with enhancement of SWA during NREM may be effective in the treatment of depression.
How plant variety protection fails to benefit breeders to the detriment of plant innovation in Kenya's maize seed sector
Authors: Van Dycke Lodewijk 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe adoption by African countries of plant variety protection via the adherence to the union internationale pour la protection des obtentions végétales (UPOV) convention has received criticism because it may dispossess African farmers of their seeds. Little is known about the empirical workings of UPOV's plant breeders' rights (PBRs) regarding African food crops. I interviewed plant breeders and right holders in Kenya's maize seed sector. I found that few actors register maize PBRs because maize varieties are often hybrid and especially because alternative, more powerful forms of pseudo‐intellectual property are available in Kenya. Accordingly, almost all of the few protected varieties have been developed by the same breeding team within the parastatal maize seed company. In short, the main problem I discovered with PBRs in the Kenyan maize seed sector is not that they dispossess farmers. It is rather that, although PBRs sometimes accrue to individual breeders, conservative employers like the parastatal do not regard breeders as creative innovators. They do not incentivise their employees and do not use PBRs to this effect. This is problematic in circumstances like Kenya's, where selected breeding teams and individuals are much more productive than others and where a quickly changing climate may require a higher varietal turnover of adapted, formally bred varieties.
A replication of “Contracting out: For What? With Whom?”
Authors: Anguelov Lachezar G. , Brunjes Benjamin M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the 1980s, governments around the world adopted New Public Management ideas about inserting competition into government as a way to improve the performance of public organizations. In many nations, contracting out was one method of making governments more businesslike. Yet, there have been few studies of how government contracting behaviors have changed since the early 1980s. We replicate Ferris and Graddy's classic 1986 study of local government production and sector choice to assess how public procurement has changed over the past 35 years. Our findings show that today, contracting out is more commonly used across 25 local government service areas. In contrast to the original study, much of the growth has been in government‐to‐government contracts. For profit firms are also winning more contracts for high transaction cost work, while nonprofits are receiving fewer government contracts in nearly every service area. Our analysis suggests that contracting out remains of the highest importance in 21st‐century governance and that additional research is needed on how to manage contracts to achieve the best value.
Prospects for invoking the law of self‐determination in international climate litigation
Authors: Jones Natalie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe question of the substantive law that international courts and tribunals can apply in adjudicating climate change cases has been widely debated. This article focuses on the potential of self‐determination, a cornerstone of international law, to shed light on the duties held by States in the face of climate change. The applicability of the law of self‐determination is broad, not limited to the classic decolonization setting. Focusing on the situation of low‐lying island States that face the prospect of large‐scale loss of their entire territory, or its effective use, the article constructs an argument by analogy regarding the content of the right to self‐determination. Low‐lying States have the right to free determination of political status in the face of inundation, although this is limited by the territorial integrity of other States. Correlative obligations may be attributed to all States erga omnes, to current administering powers and potentially to high‐emitting States.
Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α in canine tumour cell lines
Authors: Owaki Ryo , Deguchi Tatsuya , Konnai Satoru , Maekawa Naoya , Okagawa Tomohiro , Hosoya Kenji , Kim Sangho , Sunaga Takafumi , Okumura Masahiro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractExpression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) on tumour cells provides an immune evasion mechanism by inducing suppression of cytotoxic T cells. Various regulatory mechanisms of PD‐L1 expression have been described in human tumours, however, little is known in canine tumours. To investigate whether inflammatory signalling is involved in PD‐L1 regulation in canine tumours, the effects of interferon (IFN)‐γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α treatment were examined in canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CMeC and LMeC) and an osteosarcoma cell line (HMPOS). The protein level of PD‐L1 expression was upregulated by IFN‐γ and TNF‐α stimulation. Upon IFN‐γ stimulation, all cell lines showed an increase in expression of PD‐L1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3 and genes regulated by STAT activation. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of a JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib. Contrastingly, upon TNF‐α stimulation, all cell lines exhibited higher gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) gene RELA and genes regulated by NF‐κB activation, whereas expression of PD‐L1 was upregulated in LMeC only. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of an NF‐κB inhibitor, BAY 11‐7082. The expression level of cell surface PD‐L1 induced by IFN‐γ and TNF‐α treatment was reduced by oclacitinib and BAY 11‐7082, respectively, indicating that upregulation of PD‐L1 expression by IFN‐γ and TNF‐α stimulation is regulated via the JAK‐STAT and NF‐κB signalling pathways, respectively. These results provide insights into the role of inflammatory signalling in PD‐L1 regulation in canine tumours.
A retrospective study of canine oral extramedullary plasmacytoma over a 15‐year period (July 2004–July 2019): Treatment, histologic parameters and clinical outcomes
Authors: Evenhuis Janny V. , Oates Andrew , Hoyer Naomi , Vilander Allison C. , Thamm Douglass H. , Worley Deanna R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA total of 45 cases of canine oral extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) presented to a tertiary referral institution over a 15‐year period were examined. Histologic sections of 33 of these cases were examined for histopathologic prognostic indicators. Patients underwent variable treatment including surgical intervention, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Long term survival was observed in the majority of dogs with a median survival time of 973 days (2–4315 days). However, almost 1/3 of dogs had progression of plasma cell disease, including two cases with myeloma‐like progression. Histologic characterization of these tumours did not reveal criteria to predict tumour malignancy. However, cases without tumour progression did not exceed 28 mitotic figures in ten 400× fields (2.37 mm2). All cases with tumour related death showed at least moderate nuclear atypia. Oral EMPs may represent a local manifestation of systemic plasma cell disease or singular focal neoplasia.
Nonstationary Stochastic Response of Hysteretic Systems Endowed With Fractional Derivative Elements
Authors: Zhang Wei , Spanos Pol D. , Di Matteo Alberto 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a computationally efficient approach is proposed for the determination of the nonstationary response statistics of hysteretic oscillators endowed with fractional derivative elements. This problem is of particular practical significance since many important engineering systems exhibit hysteretic/inelastic behavior optimally captured only through the concept of fractional derivative, and many natural excitations as seismic waves and atmospheric turbulence are both stochastic and nonstationary in time. Specifically, the approach is based on a statistical linearization scheme involving an equivalent system of augmented dimension. First, relying on a transformation scheme, the fractional derivative term is represented by a set of coupled linear ordinary differential equations. Next, the evolution of the system response statistics is captured by incorporating the statistical linearization technique in a nonstationary sense. This involves integrating in time a set of ordinary differential equations. Several numerical applications pertaining to classical hysteretic oscillators are considered, and the versatility of the proposed method is assessed via comparison with pertinent Monte Carlo simulations.
Chronic Statin Treatment Does Not Impair Exercise Lipolysis or Fat Oxidation in Exercise-Trained Individuals With Obesity and Dyslipidemia
Authors: Alvarez-Jimenez Laura , Moreno-Cabañas Alfonso , Morales-Palomo Felix , Ortega Juan F. , Mora-Rodriguez Ricardo 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To determine whether statin medication in individuals with obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome affects their capacity to mobilize and oxidize fat during exercise. Methods: Twelve individuals with metabolic syndrome pedaled during 75 min at 54 ± 13% (5.7 ± 0.5 metabolic equivalents) while taking statins (STATs) or after 96-hr statin withdrawal (PLAC) in a randomized double-blind fashion. Results: At rest, PLAC increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (i.e., STAT 2.55 ± 0.96 vs. PLAC 3.16 ± 0.76 mmol/L; p = .004) and total cholesterol blood levels (i.e., STAT 4.39 ± 1.16 vs. PLAC 4.98 ± 0.97 mmol/L; p = .008). At rest, fat oxidation (0.99 ± 0.34 vs. 0.76 ± 0.37 μmol·kg−1·min−1 for STAT vs. PLAC; p = .068) and the rates of plasma appearance of glucose and glycerol (i.e., Ra glucose–glycerol) were not affected by PLAC. After 70 min of exercise, fat oxidation was similar between trials (2.94 ± 1.56 vs. 3.06 ± 1.94 μmol·kg−1·min−1, STA vs. PLAC; p = .875). PLAC did not alter the rates of disappearance of glucose in plasma during exercise (i.e., 23.9 ± 6.9 vs. 24.5 ± 8.2 μmol·kg−1·min−1 for STAT vs. PLAC; p = .611) or the rate of plasma appearance of glycerol (i.e., 8.5 ± 1.9 vs. 7.9 ± 1.8 μmol·kg−1·min−1 for STAT vs. PLAC; p = .262). Conclusions: In patients with obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, statins do not compromise their ability to mobilize and oxidize fat at rest or during prolonged, moderately intense exercise (i.e., equivalent to brisk walking). In these patients, the combination of statins and exercise could help to better manage their dyslipidemia.
Efficacy of clozapine compared with other second-generation antipsychotic drugs in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Siafis Spyridon , Schneider-Thoma Johannes , Hamza Tasnim , Bighelli Irene , Dong Shimeng , Hansen Wulf-Peter , Davis John M , Salanti Georgia , Leucht Stefan 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionGuidelines recommend clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, meta-analysis of aggregate data (AD) did not demonstrate higher efficacy of clozapine compared with other second-generation antipsychotics but found substantial heterogeneity between trials and variation between participants in treatment effects. Therefore, we will conduct an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to estimate the efficacy of clozapine compared with other second-generation antipsychotics while accounting for potentially important effect modifiers.Methods and analysisIn a systematic review, two reviewers will independently search Cochrane Schizophrenia Group’s trial register (without restrictions in date, language or state of publication) and related reviews. We will include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in participants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia comparing clozapine with other second-generation antipsychotics for at least 6 weeks. We will apply no restrictions in age, gender, origin, ethnicity or setting, but exclude open-label studies, studies from China, experimental studies and phase II of cross-over trials. IPD will be requested from trial authors and cross-check against published results. AD will be extracted in duplicate. Risk of bias will be assessed using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias 2 tool.The primary outcome will be overall symptoms of schizophrenia.We will synthesise results using random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression methods in a 3-level Bayesian model. The model combines IPD with AD when IPD is not available for all studies, and include participant, intervention and study design characteristics as potential effect modifiers. The effect size measures will be mean difference (or standardised mean difference when different scales were used). Confidence in the evidence will be assessed using GRADE.Ethics and disseminationThis project has been approved by the ethics commission of the Technical University of Munich (#612/21 S-NP). The results will be published open-access in a peer-review journal and a plain-language version of the results will be disseminated.If we need to amend this protocol, we will describe the change and give the rationale in a specific section in the resulting publication ‘Changes with respect to the protocol’.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO (#CRD42021254986)
Double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of metformin as an adjunct to a sleep–wake, activity and metabolically focused behavioural intervention to improve cardiometabolic outcomes and mood symptoms in youth with major mood syndromes: study protocol
Authors: Wilson Chloe , Carpenter Joanne Sarah , Nichles Alissa , Zmicerevska Natalia , Song Yun Ju Christine , McHugh Catherine , Hamilton Blake , Hockey Samuel , Crouse Jacob , Koethe Dagmar , Scott Elizabeth M , Hickie Ian B 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionMetformin is a medication likely to improve measures of cardiometabolic disturbance in young people with mental illness. Evidence also suggests metformin may improve depressive symptoms. This 52-week double-blind randomised control trial (RCT) aims to investigate the efficacy of metformin pharmacotherapy as an adjunct to a healthy lifestyle behavioural intervention in improving cardiometabolic outcomes, and depressive, anxiety and psychotic symptoms in youth with clinically diagnosed major mood syndromes.Methods and analysisAt least 266 young people aged 16–25 presenting for mental healthcare for major mood syndromes who are also at risk for poor cardiometabolic outcomes will be invited to participate in this study. All participants will engage in a 12-week sleep–wake, activity and metabolically focused behavioural intervention programme. As an adjunctive intervention, participants will receive either metformin (500–1000 mg) or placebo pharmacotherapy for 52 weeks.Participants will undergo a series of assessments including: (1) self-report and clinician-administered assessments; (2) blood tests; (3) anthropometric assessments (height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure); and (4) actigraphy. Univariate and multivariate tests (generalised mixed-effects models) will be used to examine changes in primary and secondary outcomes (and associations with predetermined predictor variables).Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Sydney Local Health District Research Ethics and Governance Office (X22-0017). The results of this double-blind RCT will be disseminated into the scientific and broader community through peer-reviewed journals, conference presentations, social media and university websites.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) Number: ACTRN12619001559101p, 12 November 2019.