bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Muscle in the caterpillarManduca sextaresponds to an immune challenge, but at a cost, suggesting a physiological trade-off
Authors: Adamo Shelley A. , Corkum Emily , Kim Jongseok , Lee Tingyat M. , Miller Dylan W. , Song Sungwoo , Wright Christopher , Zacher Isaac D. , Zbarsky Jeffrey S. , McMillan Laura E. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTAlthough skeletal muscle is a specialized tissue that provides the motor for movement, it also participates in other functions, including the immune response. However, little is known about the effects of this multitasking on muscle. We show that muscle loses some of its capacity while it is participating in the immune response. Caterpillars (Manduca sexta) were exposed to an immune challenge, predator stress or a combination of immune challenge and predator stress. The expression of immune genes (toll-1, domeless, cactus, tube and attacin) increased in body wall muscle after exposure to an immune challenge. Muscle also showed a reduction in the amount of the energy storage molecule glycogen. During an immune challenge, the force of the defensive strike, an important anti-predator behaviour in M. sexta, was reduced. Caterpillars were also less able to defend themselves against a common enemy, the wasp Cotesia congregata, suggesting that the effect on muscle is biologically significant. Our results support the concept of an integrated defence system in which life-threatening events activate organism-wide responses. We suggest that increased mortality from predation is a non-immunological cost of infection in M. sexta. Our study also suggests that one reason non-immunological costs of infection exist is because of the participation of diverse organs, such as muscle, in immunity.
Hertel-exophthalmometry-like multi-detector-row-CT-exophthalmometry: inter-disciplinary inter-observer reproducibility of measurements
Authors: Muller-Lisse Ullrich G , Garip-Kuebler Aylin , Murer Sophie , Fuchsgruber Florian , Braeuninger Christiane , Flatz Wilhelm , Priglinger Siegfried , Hintschich Christoph , Klingenstein Annemarie 
Published: June 2023

Objectives: To investigate the interdisciplinary interobserver reproducibility of Hertel-exophthalmometry-like protrusion measurements on multidetector-row-computed-tomography- (MDCT-) images of the orbit to facilitate structured evaluation of the orbit and mid-face. Methods: Respective reproducibility of base-length along the interfronto-zygomatic line, right and left ocular protrusion, and deriving interocular difference was measured in this retrospective (04/2009-03/2020) single-centre observational study. MDCT-series and slice-positions were selected independently, using picture-archiving-and-communication-system- (PACS-) tools on tilt-corrected axial MDCT-images (slice-thickness 0.6–3.0 mm, window/centre 350/50 HU) in 37 selected adult patients (24 female, age 57 ± 13 years, average±standard-deviation) with clinical indication for Hertel-exophthalmometry, by one radiology-attending, two ophthalmology-attendings, one critical-care-attending, and one ear-nose-throat-surgery resident, respectively. Bland-Altman plots and Wilcoxon-matched-pairs-signed-rank-tests compared interobserver results. Results: Mean and median interobserver and intraobserver (radiology-attending) deviations were within 1 mm of respective averages of base-length (98 ± 4 mm), right and left ocular protrusion (21 ± 4 mm) and interocular difference (2 ± 1 mm). Relative interobserver deviations were within 2.0% of average (all patients) for base-length, and 5.0% (>80% of patients) for ocular protrusion. Pairwise interobserver comparison showed no significant differences between interocular differences of protrusion. Conclusions: Respective measurements of base-length, ocular protrusion, and deriving interocular difference show high interdisciplinary interobserver reproducibility in tilt-corrected axial MDCT-images of the orbit or mid-face. Advances in knowledge: Hertel-exophthalmometry-like protrusion measurements did not depend on the years of experience or the medical subspecialty of the observer. Measurements are objective, well reproducible and important for multiple medical disciplines and should thus be included in pertinent radiology reports.
Comparison of true non-contrast and virtual non-contrast images in the characterization of renal lesions using detector-based spectral CT
Authors: Verstraeten Sabine , Ansems Janneke , Ommen Wenzel van , Linden Diana van der , Looijmans Frank , Tesselaar Erik 
Published: June 2023

Objectives:
Renal lesions are sometimes incidentally detected during computed tomography (CT) examinations in which an unenhanced series is not included, preventing the lesions from being fully characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility to use virtual non-contrast (VNC) images, acquired using a detector-based dual-energy CT, for the characterization of renal lesions.

Methods:
Twenty-seven patients (12 women) underwent a renal CT scan, including a non-contrast, an arterial, and a venous phase contrast-enhanced series, using a detector-based dual-energy CT scanner. VNC images were reconstructed from the venous contrast-enhanced series. The mean attenuation values of 65 renal lesions in both the VNC and true non-contrast (TNC) images were measured and compared quantitatively. Three radiologists blindly assessed all lesions using either VNC or TNC images in combination with contrast-enhanced images.

Results:
Sixteen patients had cystic lesions, five had angiomyolipoma (AML), and six had suspected renal cell carcinomas (RCC). Attenuation values in VNC and TNC images were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.7, mean difference −6.0 ± 13 HU). The largest differences were found for unenhanced high-attenuation lesions. Radiologists classified 86% of the lesions correctly using VNC images.

Conclusions:
In 70% of the patients, incidentally detected renal lesions could be accurately characterized using VNC images, resulting in less patient burden and a reduction in radiation exposure.

Advances in knowledge:
This study shows that renal lesions can be accurately characterized using VNC images acquired by detector-based dual-energy CT, which is in agreement with previous studies using dual-source and rapid X-ray tube potential switching technique.
Smokers’ support for the ban on sale of slim cigarettes in six European countries: findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
Authors: Mechili Enkeleint A. , Przewoźniak Krzysztof , Driezen Pete , Kyriakos Christina N , Girvalaki Charis , Mons Ute , Quah Anne CK , Fernández Esteve , Trofor Antigona C , Demjén Tibor , Katsaounou Paraskevi A , Zatoński Witold , Fong Geoffrey T , Vardavas Constantine I 
Published: June 2023

Background: Efforts to regulate tobacco products and reduce consumption in the European Union (EU) include the European Tobacco Products Directive (TPD), which went into force in May 2016. Despite the initial discussion to include a ban on sale of slim cigarettes, it was excluded in the final TPD. The main goal of this study was to examine support for a ban on slim cigarettes among smokers in six European Countries. Methods: Data from the 2018 (Wave 2) International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project 6 European Country (ITC 6E) EUREST-PLUS project survey, a cross sectional study of adult smokers (n=5592) from Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Spain, was analysed. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate support for a ban on slim cigarettes by sociodemographic characteristics and smoking behaviors. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with support for a ban on slim cigarettes and perceptions of harm. Results: Support for a ban on slims varied across countries, with highest support in Romania (33.8%), and lowest in Greece (18.0%). Female smokers (OR=0.78; 95%CI=0.67-0.91, daily smokers (OR=0.68; 95%CI=0.47-0.97), menthol smokers (OR=0.55; 95%CI=0.36-0.86), and smokers who did not have plans to quit within next six months (OR=0.45; 95%CI=0.36-0.56) had significantly lower odds of supporting a ban on slim cigarettes. Overall, 21% of smokers perceived slim cigarettes as less harmful than regular cigarettes. Conclusions: Support for a ban of slim cigarettes was relatively low among smokers, while misperceptions that slim cigarettes are less harmful is high, particularly among countries where slim cigarette use is more prevalent. Findings support a ban on slim cigarettes to reduce misperceptions around slim cigarettes being less harmful.
Questionnaire for the Perception of Psychotherapy Process by the Psychotherapist (QPPP) – a preliminary presentation of a research tool
Authors: Szwajca Marta , Kudła Klaudiusz , Szwajca Krzysztof , Śmierciak Natalia , Pilecki Maciej Wojciech 
Published: June 2023

Cel pracyReakcje emocjonalne terapeuty w procesie leczenia stanowią rdzeń pracy terapeutycznej, ale w obszarze badawczym są słabo reprezentowane. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki prac nad stworzeniem nowego narzędzia Kwestionariusza Postrzegania Procesu Psychoterapii Przez Psychoterapeutę (KPPP).MetodaW serwisie internetowym umieszczono Kwestionariusz obejmujący 267 stwierdzeń oceniających reakcje poznawcze, afektywne i behawioralne psychoterapeutów w interakcji z konkretnym pacjentem. Link wysłano do członków poszczególnych Towarzystw Psychoterapeutycznych z prośbą o wypełnienie kwestionariusza. W badaniu wzięło udział 159 terapeutów, pracujących głównie psychodynamicznie (91,95%). Zastosowano analizę podstawowych statystyk opisowych pozycji testowych i eksploracyjną analizę czynnikową metodą głównych składowych z rotacją varimax.WynikiW wyniku przeprowadzonych prac stworzono narzędzie składające się z 75 itemów, pogrupowanych w 6 skalach: Pozytywna współpraca z pacjentem, Terapeuta obciążony zaangażowaniem, Terapeuta w centrum negatywnego zainteresowania, Terapeuta bez przestrzeni na interwencję, Terapeuta przytłoczony/przeciążony, Terapeuta bezradny/niezaangażowany. Wykazano wysoką rzetelność alfa-Cronbacha wszystkich wyróżnionych czynników na poziomie od 0,79 do 0,94. Analiza danych umożliwiła stworzenie wstępnych norm stenowych dla terapeutów pracujących w nurcie psychodynamicznym.WnioskiSkonstruowano narzędzie oceniające reakcje terapeuty w relacji z klientem. KPPP zawiera ogólnie zrozumiałą terminologią, niezależną od dominującej modalności terapeuty. Kwestionariusz może mieć wiele zastosowań praktycznych – zarówno naukowych jak i klinicznych.
Recrudescimento das desigualdades de gênero em relação ao trabalho remoto docente na pandemia
Authors: Stumpf Glauce , Souza Sônia , Silva Denise Regina Quaresma da 
Published: June 2023

Este artigo analisa, teoricamente, o recrudescimento das desigualdades de gênero durante o trabalho remoto docente, em virtude da pandemia causada pelo novo Covid-19. Para compreendermos as evidências do recrudescimento das desigualdades de gênero, foram apresentados alguns conceitos, como a epistemologia feminista e gênero, partindo de uma análise de imagens do Google. Esses conceitos são importantes para que possamos avançar na análise proposta e ir em direção às categorias desenvolvidas, como a divisão sexual do trabalho, o trabalho não remunerado, as mulheres e a saúde mental e docência e o trabalho remoto. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho qualitativo, a partir dos conceitos elencados. Ao observar as condições do trabalho docente na pandemia, houve o exercício de perceber se houve ou não um aumento na demanda das docentes com o acúmulo de tarefas, bem como a interconexão dos ambientes profissional e domiciliar. Foi observado o quanto, antes da pandemia, já havia uma sobrecarga feminina e inferido que houve um aumento exponencial para as docentes em home office ou, mesmo atualmente, em ideias (e práticas) de ensino híbrido. Estudos teóricos como esse, possibilitam a visibilidade do trabalho docente feminino e a criação de políticas públicas que tornem o trabalho mais equitativo.
NARRATIVAS DE PRESOS CONDENADOS: UM VOCABULÁRIO DA PRISÃO
Authors: Resende Selmo Haroldo de 
Published: June 2023

Organiza-se, com base em narrativas de presos condenados, um vocabulário prisional, constituído por palavras e expressões cujos significados são específicos da realidade carcerária. Podendo se dizer que tal organização se caracteriza pela genealogia, na perspectiva de Michel Foucault, uma vez que ativa saberes, retirando-os de sua circulação restrita, de sua discursividade local, específica, propiciando-lhes visibilidade e expressão em outros espaços. De um ponto de vista mais abrangente reafirma-se que a narrativa permite a amplificação do conhecimento sobre a realidade sócio-histórica e, na especificidade deste trabalho, evidencia-se a elaboração, organização e representação do mundo na prisão, através da linguagem, o que por outros meios ou metodologias dificilmente emergeria. Reforça-se, assim, a noção de que o trabalho com história oral, provocando a construção de narrativas, possibilita-nos aprender um pouco mais sobre o homem e sua relação com o mundo.Palavras-chave: narrativas; genealogia; vocabulário prisional; prisão.
Prevalence and Burden of Illness of Rome IV Chronic Idiopathic Constipation, Opioid-Induced Constipation, and Opioid-Exacerbated Constipation in the United States
Authors: Liang Jeff , Almario Christopher V. , Chey William D. , Higgins Carolyn S. , Spiegel Brennan M.R. 
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) and opioid-induced constipation (OIC) are disorders that negatively affect quality of life. We sought to assess the prevalence, symptom severity, and medication use among people with Rome IV CIC, OIC, and opioid-exacerbated constipation (OEC) using a nationally representative data set with nearly 89,000 people in the United States.

METHODS:
From May 3, 2020, to June 24, 2020, we recruited a representative sample of people in the United States ≥ 18 years to complete an online national health survey. The survey guided participants through the Rome IV CIC and OIC questionnaires, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System gastrointestinal scales (percentile 0–100; higher = more severe), and medication questions. Individuals with OEC were identified by asking those with OIC whether they experienced constipation before starting an opioid and whether their symptoms worsened afterward.

RESULTS:
Among the 88,607 participants, 5,334 (6.0%) had Rome IV CIC, and 1,548 (1.7%) and 335 (0.4%) had Rome IV OIC and OEC, respectively. When compared with people with CIC (Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System score, 53.9 ± 26.5; reference), those with OIC (62.7 ± 28.0; adjusted P < 0.001) and OEC (61.1 ± 25.8, adjusted P = 0.048) had more severe constipation symptoms. People with OIC (odds ratio 2.72, 95% confidence interval 2.04–3.62) and OEC (odds ratio 3.52, 95% confidence interval 2.22–5.59) were also more likely to be taking a prescription medication for their constipation vs those with CIC.

DISCUSSION:
In this nationwide US survey, we found that Rome IV CIC is common (6.0%) while Rome IV OIC (1.7%) and OEC (0.4%) are less prevalent. Individuals with OIC and OEC have a higher burden of illness with respect to symptom severity and prescription constipation medication use.
Esophageal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Presenting After Definitive Chemoradiation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Same Location
Authors: Prenatt Zarian , Liaquat Hammad , Shupp Brittney , Stoll Lisa , Schneider Yecheskel 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma is very rare and highly aggressive. An 85-year-old man with a history of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in remission presented 4 years after definitive chemoradiation with new-onset dysphagia. Endoscopy with biopsy revealed high-grade malignancy consistent with neuroendocrine carcinoma. Treatment options were limited to chemotherapy because of his metastatic disease, and he unfortunately died 14 months after diagnosis. The occurrence of esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma in a site of prior squamous cell carcinoma is very uncommon, and this likely represents a case of radiation-induced malignancy. Therefore, when undergoing radiotherapy, patients and providers should discuss the possibility of this life-threatening complication.
The Pattern of Social Changes in the Samin Community and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Arif Muhamad , Ghofur Abdul , Puguh Dhanang Respati 
Published: June 2023

In general, social changes occurred progressively, but it is not happened in the Samin community. This article aims to analyze the social changes in the Samin community in Tapelan Village and its influencing factors. The research was conducted in Tapelan Village, Ngraho District, Bojonegoro, using a qualitative and descriptive approach. There are two important findings in this study. First, there is a regressive pattern of social change in the Samin community during the colonial period, with the Dutch colonialists taking over teak forests in 1890, forcing the Samin community to leave the forest, becoming a closed society, and developing a unique tradition. Second, there is a progressive pattern of social change in the Samin community during the independence era after rediscovering their identity as an open and adaptive society, with Islamic dakwah as the main driver of social change.
Exploring skeletal muscle tolerance and whole‐body metabolic effects of FDA‐approved drugs in a volumetric muscle loss model
Authors: Bijwadia Shefali R. , Raymond‐Pope Christiana J. , Basten Alec M. , Lentz Mason T. , Lillquist Thomas J. , Call Jarrod A. , Greising Sarah M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVolumetric muscle loss (VML) is associated with persistent functional impairment due to a lack of de novo muscle regeneration. As mechanisms driving the lack of regeneration continue to be established, adjunctive pharmaceuticals to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle may offer partial remediation. Studies were designed to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of two FDA‐approved pharmaceutical modalities to address the pathophysiology of the remaining muscle tissue after VML injury: (1) nintedanib (an anti‐fibrotic) and (2) combined formoterol and leucine (myogenic promoters). Tolerance was first established by testing low‐ and high‐dosage effects on uninjured skeletal muscle mass and myofiber cross‐sectional area in adult male C57BL/6J mice. Next, tolerated doses of the two pharmaceutical modalities were tested in VML‐injured adult male C57BL/6J mice after an 8‐week treatment period for their ability to modulate muscle strength and whole‐body metabolism. The most salient findings indicate that formoterol plus leucine mitigated the loss in muscle mass, myofiber number, whole‐body lipid oxidation, and muscle strength, and resulted in a higher whole‐body metabolic rate (p ≤ 0.016); nintedanib did not exacerbate or correct aspects of the muscle pathophysiology after VML. This supports ongoing optimization efforts, including scale‐up evaluations of formoterol treatment in large animal models of VML.
A Domain Decomposition Scheme for Couplings Between Local and Nonlocal Equations
Authors: Acosta Gabriel , Bersetche Francisco M. , Rossi Julio D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We study a natural alternating method of Schwarz type (domain decomposition) for a certain class of couplings between local and nonlocal operators.
We show that our method fits into Lions’s framework and prove, as a consequence, convergence in both the continuous and the discrete settings.
Modulation and performance of synchronous demodulation for speech signal detection and dialect intelligibility
Authors: Abbas Rafed Sabbar , Almosa Hayder Rafea Kareem , Harbi Yahya Jasim 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Speech processing is one of the fundamental operations in computer science and it is particularly difficult to process and distinguish speech in different Arabic dialects when background noise is present. In any nation, communication skills are crucial. Pushing a button is all it takes for the typical person to make phone calls and leave voicemails but for telecommunications experts, the process is very different. We understand how communication actually works. The terms detection and demodulation are commonly used when addressing the full demodulation process. The procedures and circuits are substantially the same under both designations. As the name implies, demodulation is the opposite of modulation, which is applying a signal, such as an audio signal, to a carrier. The demodulation process isolates the output signal from the audio or other signal that was transmitted using amplitude shifts on the carrier. In this study, a system for distinguishing speech signals was developed using modulation and demodulation to transmit speech by extracting it from a variety of factors, the most significant of which is background noise in addition to a wide variety of dialects, which poses a significant challenge in speech processing. The proposed system was applied to a dataset that was created for a group of voices in different dialects, and by using important techniques, the noise accompanying the voices was deleted and then the voices were processed with other techniques such as modulation and demodulation to distinguish the dialect. The system has proven effective by distinguishing dialects.
Modelling and experimental studies for the recovery of valuable chemical intermediates from mustard husk pyrolysis oil
Authors: Drugkar Kanchan , Gupta Chakinala Anand , Sharma Abhishek 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work presents a study on the separation of model compounds representative of mustard husk pyrolysis oil, through a combination of experimental and modelling approaches. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation were used to perform the separation, and the obtained results were validated by means of an Aspen simulation model. To simulate the pyrolysis oil, different fractions present in mustard husk pyrolysis oil were used. Atmospheric distillation was performed at temperatures ranging from 50 to 180 °C, while vacuum distillation was conducted at varying temperatures and pressures. The composition of the distillate and residue was analysed, and it was found that coking occurred due to polymerization reactions, even at moderate temperatures up to ∼100 °C during atmospheric distillation. Therefore, vacuum rotary evaporation was employed to carry out further studies at lower temperatures (50 °C) and pressures (50 mbar), resulting in a recovery percentage of 56 % for lighter fractions and 36 % for heavier fractions, with complete water (62 %) collected in the distillate phase. The simulated feed mixture, which consisted of Guaiacols, furfurals and furan methanols, was distributed equally in both the distillate and residue phases, and the experimental recoveries in distillate and residue phases were found to be similar with simulation values. Further studies are needed to comprehend the separation behaviour of real pyrolysis oil and to minimize polymerization reactions in the column.
Trajectory controllability of nonlinear fractional Langevin systems
Authors: Venkatesan Govindaraj , Pitchaikkannu Suresh Kumar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the trajectory controllability of linear and nonlinear fractional Langevin dynamical systems represented by the Caputo fractional derivative by using the Mittag–Leffler function and Gronwall–Bellman inequality. For the nonlinear system, we assume Lipschitz-type conditions on the nonlinearity. Examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results.