bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphometrics and First Ultrastructural Characterizations of Intra‐Erythrocytic Stages of So‐Called Haemogregarina damiettae Ramadan et al. (1996) With Special Reference to Its Cytopathological Effects on the Infected Erythrocytes
Authors: Mansour Reda M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe current study provides the first ultrastructural observations on the intraerythrocytic stages of so‐called Haemogregarina damiettae and their cytopathological effects on the infected erythrocytes (IEs) in addition to the recording of new morphometric data. The intraerythrocytic stages are attributed to the immature forms or trophozoites (Ts), and mature gamonts (Gs). Ts are typically bowling‐bottle shaped with nucleus (TN) occupying its globose part, while Gs are typically banana‐ shaped. Ts measure 9.60–13.77 (12.53 ± 0.95) × 3.29–5.72 (4.18 ± 0.52) μm, however, Gs measure 14.05–16.13 (15.15 ± 0.60) × 3.38–4.74 (4.06 ± 0.32). Parasite shape index, nuclear/body, and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio are calculated for both Ts and Gs. Moreover, shape index, nuclear/erythrocytic ratio, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio are determined for both uninfected erythrocytes (UIEs) and IEs. At ultrastructural level, the parasite exhibited numerous unique features such as the presence of unsutured covering capsule (Ca), intracytoplasmic membraneous structures (ICM), and electron‐dense connecting structures (CS) between the degradable cytoplasmic mass (DC) of IEs and parasite itself which are postulated to perform a feeding function. The cytopathological effects on IEs include erythrocytic shape distortion, hypertrophy, dehemoglobinization, as well as nucleus size and shape changes. Erythrocytic karyolysis is confirmed by light and electron microscopy. In addition, all IEs showed characteristics two lateral polar projections or flape‐like extensions (FE) supported by microtubules‐like structures. Moreover, parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) form in most cases a thick internal lining (IL) of homogenous electron‐lucent materials at parasite‐facing side and knob‐like thickenings (K) of electron‐dense materials on erythrocytic cytoplasm‐facing side.
Blended soil amendments: A viable strategy to reduce soluble phosphorus in soils
Authors: Kumaragamage Darshani , Soto Haven , Van Emily , Goltz Douglas , Amarakoon Inoka 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPhosphorus (P) loss from soils can contribute significantly toward P enrichment in water bodies, impairing water quality. Application of soil amendments is a viable strategy to decrease soluble P in surface soils. Since soluble P is reduced through different mechanisms that are amendment‐specific, blended amendments could be a better approach than single amendment applications; however, very little information is available on blended amendment effects in reducing P loss from soils. We compared the effectiveness of gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), Epsom salt (MgSO4·7H2O), and alum [Al2(SO4)3·18H2O] applied singly or blended in different ratios in reducing water‐extractable P (WEP) and Mehlich‐3 P of two soils (0‐ to 15‐cm depth) with contrasting P status (Mehlich‐3 P of 7.1 mg kg−1 and 202 mg kg−1) from the Red River Valley region in MB, Canada. Ten treatments used for the laboratory incubation study were unamended control, gypsum or Epsom salt at 2.5 or 5 Mg ha−1, alum at 2.5 Mg ha−1, and four blended treatments of gypsum: alum or Epsom salt: alum at 1:1 or 2:1. Treated soils were saturated and incubated for 2 weeks and analyzed for WEP (an indicator of risk of P loss) and Mehlich‐3 P (plant‐available P) concentrations. All amendments significantly reduced the WEP concentrations compared to control in both soils. The blended amendments, particularly gypsum–alum blends, performed better than unblended amendments in reducing the potential risk of P loss. Mehlich‐3 P concentration was not influenced by amended treatments, suggesting no significant decrease in plant‐available P with amendments in both soils.
A Study on the Persistence of Immunity Following Two‐Dose Varicella Vaccination With Varying Intervals in Chinese Children Aged 2–7 years
Authors: Sun Xiang , Zhang Lei , Wang Zhiguo , Wang Wen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTVaricella, a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), remains prevalent in China despite the introduction of the varicella vaccine in 1997. The current vaccination protocol in China involves a voluntary, self‐funded single‐dose regimen. This study aims to investigate the longevity of immune response in Chinese children following two‐dose varicella vaccination administered at different intervals, with the objective of optimizing vaccination strategies. This 4‐year prospective cohort observational study categorized participants into three groups based on the interval between the two varicella vaccine doses: 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year intervals. Antibody detection was performed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The temporal evolution of IgG antibody levels following the two‐dose vaccination was analyzed using a binary logistic regression model with restricted cubic splines (RCS). The study revealed a significant decline in both seropositivity rates and geometric mean concentrations (GMC) over time following the two‐dose vaccination. Seropositivity rates decreased from 100.0% to 79.8%, while GMC dropped from 575.1 to 251.9 mIU/mL. No statistically significant differences were observed in seropositivity rates or GMC among the different interval groups (p > 0.05). The RCS‐fitted model demonstrated an “inverted U‐shaped” relationship between the time since the last vaccination and seropositivity. Antibody levels peaked approximately 22 months after the second dose, with the odds ratio (OR) for antibody concentrations ≥ 50 mIU/mL exhibiting a nonlinear trend in relation to time post‐immunization (poverall < 0.001, pnonlinear ≤ 0.001). While the interval between vaccine doses did not significantly impact long‐term immune response, a critical turning point in antibody levels was observed at approximately 22 months postvaccination. Furthermore, enhanced long‐term monitoring of postvaccination immune responses, particularly beyond the identified turning point, is recommended to facilitate the evaluation and optimization of existing vaccination protocols.
Trends in Immunotherapy (IO) Use and Survival Among Patients With High‐Incidence Stage IV Cancers Across the United States
Authors: Warwar Samantha C. , Janczewski Lauren M. , Rodriguez Gladys M. , Wayne Jeffrey D. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesIO has transformed cancer management, but its adoption in advanced cancer patients varies by tumor type. With more Stage IV patients undergoing surgery, understanding site‐specific outcomes in these challenging patients is essential. We aimed to evaluate IO use and survival trends for Stage IV cancer patients across high‐incidence cancers in the US.MethodsPatients diagnosed with Stage IV prostate, breast, melanoma, colorectal, renal, bladder, lung, or pancreas cancer were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004–2020). Cochrane–Armitage test and Kaplan–Meier methods assessed IO and overall survival across three periods: 2004–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020.ResultsAmong 1 425 731 Stage IV cancer patients, most had lung (50.0%), pancreas (12.5%), and breast cancer (9.3%), while the least had melanoma (2.2%). From periods 1 to 3, IO use increased from 1.0% to 24.6%, notably in melanoma (9.5% to 58.5%, p < 0.001). Melanoma exhibited the greatest survival gains (median survival: 7.1 to 14.9 months). Absolute increases in 3‐year overall survival rates ranged from 3.4% in pancreas (1.7% to 5.1%) to 21.4% in melanoma (15.7% to 37.1%).ConclusionsUtilization of IO is tumor‐site specific and associated with improved survival rates for Stage IV cancer, with varied success across types. Variations in receipt highlight ongoing challenges to ensure equitable adoption.
Role of neck dissections in the management of carotid body tumors
Authors: Francis Gizelle , Pickett Gwynedd , Taylor S. Mark 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveCarotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare neoplasms of the paraganglia at the carotid bifurcation. While typically benign, CBTs occasionally exhibit malignancy, metastasizing to nearby lymph nodes. Histopathologic analysis alone is insufficient to confirm malignancy, requiring metastases to non‐neuroendocrine tissue for a definitive diagnosis. The role of selective neck dissections (SNDs) in detecting malignancy and guiding subsequent management remains uncertain.MethodA retrospective case series through electronic chart review was performed on 21 patients undergoing CBT surgeries between 2002 and 2022 at a Canadian institution. SNDs were performed on all 21 patients. Data collection included patient demographics, genetic and laboratory testing results, preoperative imaging, intraoperative and postoperative complications, histologic analysis of neck SND and tumor specimen, and follow‐up results.ResultsOf the 21 surgical resections, there were three cases (14.3%) of carotid artery injuries and six cases (28.6%) of nerve injuries. One patient (4.8%) experienced three intraoperative strokes. Three patients (14.3%) were found to have lymph node involvement, confirming malignancy, and underwent further treatment with radiotherapy. Interestingly, two patients with carotid injuries had malignant tumors, demonstrating a statistical significance between carotid injury and malignancy (OR 34.00, 95% CI: 1.48, 781.83, p = .041).ConclusionSNDs are a useful adjunct in detecting malignancy during CBT surgeries. The incidence of malignancy in CBT is low but not negligible, and SND should be considered in patients to prevent inadvertent underdetection of metastatic disease. This study's 14.3% incidence of malignancy suggests that there may be a rationale for considering the universal implementation of SND during CBT resections.Level of Evidence4.
The feasibility of endoscopic stapes surgery: A three‐dimensional planning method
Authors: Jellema Maaike , Buter Mijs , Blijleven Esther E. , Willemsen Koen , Nguyen H. Chien , Stokroos Robert J. , Wegner Inge , Thomeer Henricus G. X. M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a semi‐automatic algorithm in assessing the feasibility and complexity of endoscopic stapes surgery preoperatively.MethodsA semi‐automatic algorithm was developed to simulate endoscopic stapes surgery in 3D. To test the accuracy of the algorithm, five fresh‐frozen cadaveric heads (ten ears) were used. Each head was CT‐scanned, followed by segmentation and 3D reconstruction of the bones including the ear canal, middle ear, and ossicular chain. Two interventions were tested on each ear. Initially, the algorithm was digitally employed to simulate the endoscopic ear surgery. Subsequently, the actual endoscopic ear surgery was performed. Primary outcomes for each intervention included the amount of scutum removal (postoperative 3D model subtracted from preoperative 3D model), visibility of important landmarks, feasibility score, and a complexity questionnaire. Finally, the outcomes of the pre‐operative planning and the actual procedure were directly compared to evaluate the algorithm's accuracy and usability.ResultsThe preoperative planning method achieved an accuracy rate of 70% in predicting the need for scutum removal. The mean volume of the removed scutum was 0.5 mm3. Endoscopic surgery was feasible in all ten ears, with all relevant anatomical landmarks adequately visualized as estimated by the preoperative planning algorithm.ConclusionPreoperative planning models can assist ENT surgeons in evaluating the feasibility and complexity of endoscopic stapes surgery. With adequate training and testing on clinical cases, these models can significantly improve their predictive accuracy and thereby improve patient outcomes.
Polysomnographic features of hypoglossal nerve stimulation efficacy: Looking deeper than the apnea‐hypopnea index
Authors: So Raymond J. , Pham Luu V. , Eisele David W. , Motz Kevin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesHypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) is a promising surgical option for patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who are intolerant of continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP). Efficacy studies for HGNS stimulation largely focus on the apnea–hypopnea index and/or oxygen desaturation index. This study's objective was to show the physiological effects of HGNS stimulation on upper airway patency, airflow, and treatment effect during polysomnography (PSG) testing.MethodsPSG tracings from patients implanted with an Inspire© HGNS device were reviewed for this study. Nasal pressure was utilized as a surrogate for respiratory flow and chin electromyography was used to detect HGNS stimulation, allowing for breath‐to‐breath analysis. Per our sleep laboratory protocol, the HGNS device was turned on and off at different periods of the night. Respiratory tracings during these periods were visually analyzed.ResultsAnalysis of on–off periods of HGNS therapy during PSG allows for a concise assessment of HGNS efficacy. The presence of inspiratory flow limitation and subsequent apneas or hypopneas upon turning off HGNS stimulation with restoration of stable, unobstructed breathing upon resuming HGNS stimulation indicates a positive treatment effect related to HGNS therapy. Despite the respiratory‐sensing capacity of the Inspire HGNS device, desynchrony of stimulation and inspiration is observed. Desynchrony yields partially captured inspiratory cycles, allowing for assessment of HGNS effect on an individual breath.ConclusionNight‐to‐night and intranight variability in OSA severity makes assessing the effect of HGNS complex. Strategic testing protocols during postoperative PSG can provide critical insight into the effect of this therapy on upper airway obstruction during sleep. On–off periods of stimulation provide a concise assessment of the effect of HGNS on preventing upper airway collapse and help to account for night‐to‐night and intranight variability. Respiratory desynchrony associated with HGNS therapy exists. Observing partially‐stimulated inspiratory cycles allow for assessment of HGNS's effect on a single breath.Level of Evidence4.
Fluorinated Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COCs) and Cyclic Olefin Polymers (COPs)
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Yixin , Cui Lei , Jian Zhongbao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe demand for insulating materials with superior dielectric properties has increased. Among these materials, polymers containing cyclic structure including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and cyclic olefin polymer (COP) stand out because of their excellent dielectric properties originating from the pure hydrocarbon structure. Introducing fluorine into polymers is one efficient strategy for optimizing the dielectric and the related important properties. Here, three fluorinated norbornene derivatives with high fluorine content are synthesized and copolymerized via coordination‐insertion polymerization (CIP) and ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The obtained fluorinated COCs and COPs have high fluorine contents (up to 48.2 wt.%) and exhibit excellent dielectric properties with dielectric constant (Dk) of 2.11‐2.24 and dielectric loss (Df) of 0.0021‐0.0031 at 10 GHz. Moreover, these fluoropolymers show good solvent tolerance, high toughness (elongation at break up to 779%), enhanced thermal stability (Td,5% of 427–440 °C), low hydrophilicity (water uptake <0.01%), and excellent gas separation properties. These results imply that these fluoropolymers are suitable as a potential candidate for substrate material utilized in the application of insulating materials.
On the Inversion of Generalized V‐Line Transform of a Vector Field in ℝ2$$ {\mathbb{R}}^2 $$
Authors: Bhardwaj Rahul , Mishra Rohit Kumar , Vashisth Manmohan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis article studies the inverse problem of recovering a vector field supported in , the disk of radius centered at the origin, through a set of generalized broken ray/V‐line transforms, namely, longitudinal and transverse V‐line transforms. Geometrically, we work with broken lines that start from the boundary of a disk and break at a fixed angle after traveling a distance along the diameter. We derive two inversion formulas to recover a vector field in from the knowledge of its longitudinal and transverse V‐line transforms over two different subsets of aforementioned broken lines in .
Therapeutic Potential of Vanillic Acid in Ulcerative Colitis Through Microbiota and Macrophage Modulation
Authors: Zhao Hu , Fu Xingxing , Wang Yaru , Shang Zhao , Li BangHua , Zhou Li , Liu Yue , Liu Dan , Yi Bo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the protective effects of the dietary polyphenol vanillic acid (VA) on dextran sulfate sodium‐induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice, focusing on its impact on the gut microbiota and inflammatory responses. VA was supplemented following dextran sulfate sodium administration, and key indicators, including body weight, disease activity index, colon length, spleen index, and inflammatory markers, were assessed. VA supplementation significantly alleviated UC symptoms, preserved intestinal barrier integrity, and reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, VA positively altered the gut microbiota composition, promoting beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia muciniphila while suppressing the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway. Fecal microbiota transplantation confirmed that the VA‐modified gut microbiota contributed to these protective effects. VA also facilitated macrophage polarization from the pro‐inflammatory M1 phenotype to the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, further mitigating inflammation. These findings highlight the potential of VA as a natural dietary intervention for UC, emphasizing its role in regulating the gut microbiota and inflammatory pathways, which may have significant nutritional relevance in managing inflammatory bowel diseases.
Decorin Expressed From Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Improves Oncolytic Efficacy in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Frejborg Fanny , Palomäki Jussi , Kalke Kiira , Orpana Julius , Koivisto Oliver , Paavilainen Henrik , Rosenholm Jessica M. , Zhang Hongbo , Hukkanen Veijo , Järveläinen Hannu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDecorin (DCN) is a small extracellular proteoglycan with significant oncosuppressive activity. Lung adenocarcinoma is commonly devoid of DCN expression and is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally. As a proof‐of‐concept study for evaluating the oncosuppressive potential of DCN expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells, we constructed an oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) vector, with a DCN transgene, using a transfection‐infection method. Treatment of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 with this novel DCN‐expressing HSV‐1 vector led to a significantly increased oncolysis of the cells compared to the effect of the parental or control marker virus. These results support the further development of a DCN‐expressing oncolytic HSV‐1 for evaluation in in vivo models for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, as well as other types of cancers with underexpressed DCN.
Seed pretreatment with cloquintocet‐mexyl protects wheat seedlings from fomesafen injury by promoting photosynthesis and decreasing oxidative stress
Authors: Li Dongzhi , Liu Yilin , Xu Li , Yu Hao , Xie Lanfen , Kan Yunchao , Liu Runqiang , Li Guangling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDFomesafen is a selective herbicide widely used to control post‐emergent broad‐leaf weeds in soybean and peanut fields. Because of its persistent nature in soil, it can suppress subsequent crops, including wheat. There is limited information focusing on methods of protecting wheat from fomesafen injury by soil residue.RESULTSBioassay results showed slight variations in tolerance to fomesafen among 31 wheat cultivars. Soil‐applied biochar (200 g m−2) could alleviate fomesafen injury at 2 mg L−1, and partially alleviate fomesafen injury at 4 mg L−1. Seed soaking in safeners cloquintocet‐mexyl and mefenpyr‐diethyl was more effective in protecting seedlings from fomesafen injury at 4 mg L−1 compared with 1,8‐naphthalic anhydride, fenclorim or dichlormid. Indoor tests suggested that the combined application of biochar and cloquintocet‐mexyl or mefenpyr‐diethyl had a synergistic alleviating effect on wheat injury caused by fomesafen, which was further confirmed in a field trial. Wheat seeds treated with cloquintocet‐mexyl increased expression of the fomesafen target protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase and light‐harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein, leading to an increase in chlorophyll content and a decrease in oxidative stress of wheat exposed to fomesafen. Cloquintocet‐mexyl treatment had no influence on the expression of P450 genes, toxic transport genes, most glutathione S‐transferase (GST) genes, the enzyme activity of P450 or GSTs, and the metabolism rate of fomesafen.CONCLUSIONThese results suggested that cloquintocet‐mexyl acted by increasing photosynthesis and decreasing oxidative stress to alleviate injury to wheat exposed to fomesafen stress, showing no influence on fomesafen metabolism in wheat. This study provided valuable information for fomesafen injury management in wheat. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Volatile cues of enhanced attractiveness to Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps mediated by jasmonic and salicylic acid pathways synergism in tea plant
Authors: Jiao Long , Mao Yingxin , Zhao Yingjie , Bian Lei , Luo Zongxiu , Li Zhaoqun , Xiu Chunli , Fu Nanxia , Cai Xiaoming , Chen Zongmao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways are often thought to interact antagonistically in plants when mediating anti‐herbivore resistance. However, we previously found that the two pathways in tea plant interact synergistically when treated with 1.5 mmol/L methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 20 mmol/L SA at 12 h intervals (MeJA+SA treatment). Here, we investigated how and why JA‐SA synergism in tea plants affected chemotaxis of Parapanteles hyposidrae (Wilkinson) wasps, the parasite of tea geometers.RESULTSWasp attractiveness of MeJA+SA‐treated plants was 1.3‐fold higher than MeJA‐treated plants, although SA‐treated plants could not attract more wasps. Five attractive compounds, including (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate, linalool, (E)‐4,8‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐nonatriene (DMNT), indole and (E,E)‐α‐farnesene, were emitted more by MeJA+SA‐treated than MeJA‐treated plants. Based on the difference in volatiles induced by MeJA and MeJA+SA treatments, five attractive components were separately added to artificial MeJA‐induced volatiles (MV) or taken out from artificial MeJA+SA‐induced volatiles (MSV). The attractiveness of MV to wasps was enhanced when DMNT or indole was added, whereas the attractiveness of MSV decreased when DMNT, indole or linalool was taken out. When DMNT and indole were both added into MV, the attractiveness of volatile blend to wasps became similar to MSV.CONCLUSIONIncreased DMNT and indole emissions are the key cues causing volatiles mediated by JA‐SA synergism to be more attractive to P. hyposidrae wasps than those mediated by JA pathway alone. This provides new insights into the phytohormone pathway networks in tea plants and the development of natural enemy attractants. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.