bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “safety cap” for improving hospital sanitation and reducing potential disease transmission
Authors: Liu Lilong , Deng Yan , Xia Shouli , Sun Zengpeng , Zhu Zhipeng , Chen Weiyi , Xiao Dongdong , Sheng Weiyong , Chen Ke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
During endotracheal intubation, extubation, tracheotomy, and tracheotomy tube replacement, the splashed airway secretions of patients will increase the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV‐2 and many other potential viral and bacterial diseases, such as influenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, Middle East respiratory coronavirus syndrome (MERS-CoV), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a barrier between patients and medical workers to reduce the risk of operators’ infection with potentially pathogenic microorganisms.

Methods
We designed a “safety cap” that can be connected to the opening of an endotracheal tube or tracheotomy tube to reduce the diffusion area of respiratory secretions during the process of endotracheal intubation, extubation and tracheotomy tube replace, so as to reduce the infection risk of medical workers.

Results
Through a series of hydrodynamic simulation analysis and experiments, we demonstrated that the use of “safety cap” can substantially limit the spatter of airway secretions, so as to improve the hospital sanitation.

Conclusion
The “safety cap” can effectively limit the dissemination of patients’ respiratory secretions, thus reducing the risk of potential diseases transmission and may have certain application prospects.
A clinical radiomics nomogram preoperatively to predict ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion in women with biopsy-confirmed ductal carcinoma in situ: a preliminary study
Authors: Huang Zhou , Chen Xue , Jiang Nan , Hu Su , Hu Chunhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To predict ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISMI) based on clinicopathologic, conventional breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) radiomics signatures in women with biopsy-confirmed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).

Methods
Eighty-six women with eighty-seven biopsy-proven DCIS who underwent preoperative MRI and underwent surgery were retrospectively identified. Clinicopathologic, conventional MRI, DCE-MRI radiomics, combine (based on conventional MRI and DCE-MRI radiomics), traditional (based on clinicopathologic and conventional MRI) and mixed (based on clinicopathologic, conventional MRI and DCE-MRI radiomics) models were constructed by logistic regression (LR) with a 3-fold cross-validation, all evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. A clinical radiomics nomogram was then built by incorporating the Radiomics score, significant clinicopathologic and conventional MRI features of mixed model.

Results
The area under the curves (AUCs) of clinicopathologic, conventional MRI, DCE-MRI radiomics, traditional, combine, and mixed model were 0.76 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.94), 0.77 (95%CI 0.59–0.95), 0.74 (95%CI 0.55–0.93), 0.87 (95%CI 0.73–1), 0.8 (95%CI 0.63–0.96), and 0.93 (95%CI 0.84–1) in the validation cohort, respectively. The clinical radiomics nomogram based on mixed model showed higher AUCs than both clinicopathologic and DCE-MRI radiomics models in training/test (all P < 0.05) set and showed the greatest overall net benefit for upstaging according to decision curve analysis (DCA).

Conclusion
A nomogram constructed by combining clinicopathologic, conventional MRI features and DCE-MRI radiomics signatures may be useful in predicting DCISMI from DICS preoperatively.
Role of body mass index in pregnancy outcomes after emergency cerclage for cervical insufficiency in singleton pregnant patients
Authors: Liu Weiling , Lu Yaping , Fan Yuqin , Hei Guozhen , Zhang Aijuan , Xue Guoping , Wu Yanmei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe study aims were to analyze pregnancy outcomes after the use of emergency cerclage in patients with different BMIs.MethodsA total of 76 singleton pregnant patients who underwent emergency cerclage at a tertiary comprehensive hospital in China between Jan 2017 and Dec 2021 were retrospectively divided into an obesity group of 37 patients with BMIs ≥ 28 kg/m2and a non-obesity group of 39 patients with BMIs < 28 kg/m2. The medical records of patients were reviewed and all relevant clinical data were further collected into an itemized data spreadsheet for various analyses.ResultsEmergent cerclage, along with amnioreduction if needed, could be safely performed on both obese and non-obese pregnant women with a dilated external cervix (> 1 cm), which effectively prolonged the gestational week up to ≥ 25 weeks. Obese gravidae had shorter suture-to-delivery intervals and mean pregnancy lengths but more spontaneous preterm births before 37 weeks, and a lower live birth rate (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, how many times cerclages have been performed during pregnancy (frequency of cerclage) and bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis and vulvovaginal candidiasis (vaginal microecology) were significantly correlated with fetal loss (P < 0.05), while rank correlation analysis established a negative correlation between BMI values and the suture-to-delivery interval (P = 0.031).ConclusionsPregnant cervical insufficiency patients with BMIs > 28 kg/m2may ill-serve the gestational outcomes and suture-to-delivery interval after their emergent cerclage. Additionally, BMI, frequency of cerclage and vaginal microecology accounted for higher fetal loss in patients who underwent emergency cerclage.
​Occult extracranial malignancy after complete remission of pineal mixed germ cell tumors: a rare case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Jun , Fang Luxiong , Qi Songtao , Song Ye , Han Lei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
​Extracranial metastasis can occur in intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs), but it is very rare. Recurrence or metastasis of non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs) is often accompanied by elevated tumor markers. ​Occult extracranial metastases or recurrences with negative markers are often difficult to detect in time, resulting in a very poor prognosis.

Case presentation
A 12-year-old boy was admitted to our institution with dizziness, headache, vomiting, and sleepiness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a pineal mass, accompanied by a significant increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The patient subsequently underwent total removal of the tumor. Pathology revealed that the tumor was a mixed GCT, consisting of mature teratoma, germinoma, and yolk sac tumor. Intracranial GCT achieved complete remission after intensive adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Regular follow-up MRI revealed no recurrence of the intracranial tumor and continued monitoring of tumor markers revealed no abnormalities. ​Eight months later, the patient was readmitted due to progressive abdominal pain. Imaging and physical examination revealed abdominal occupation and lymphatic mass in the neck. He received salvage chemotherapy, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, and palliative chemotherapy, but still developed multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS) due to tumor progression and eventually died after one month.

Conclusions
​This profound case suggests that intracranial NGGCTs may develop occult extracranial malignancy, which can be very severe at the time of clinical symptoms and has an extremely poor prognosis. Therefore, in addition to tumor marker monitoring, regular follow-up with extracranial imaging may be warranted to detect extracranial tumors as early as possible, although perhaps not as frequently as with neuroimaging.
Village doctors: a national telephone survey of Bangladesh’s lay medical practitioners
Authors: Muurlink Olav , Uzzaman Nazim , Boorman Rhonda J , Binte Kibria Sarah , Best Talitha , Taylor-Robinson Andrew W. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Bangladesh outperforms its Least Developed Country (LDC) status on a range of health measures including life expectancy. Its frontline medical practitioners, however, are not formally trained medical professionals, but instead lightly-trained ‘village doctors’ able to prescribe modern pharmaceuticals. This current study represents the most complete national survey of these practitioners and their informal ‘clinics’.

Methods
The study is based on a national Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) of 1,000 informal practitioners. Participants were sampled from all eight divisions and all 64 districts of Bangladesh, including 682 participants chosen from the purposively recruited Refresher Training program conducted by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), supplemented with 318 additional participants recruited through snowball sampling.

Primary and secondary outcome measures
In addition to demographics, village doctors were asked about the characteristics of their ‘clinics’ including their equipment, their training, income and referral practices.

Results
Three quarters of the wholly male sample had not completed an undergraduate program, and none of the sample had received any bachelor-level university training in medicine. Medical training was confined to a range of short-course offerings. Village doctor ‘clinics’ are highly dependent on the sale of pharmaceuticals, with few charging a consultation fee. Income was not related to degree of short-course uptake but was related positively to degree of formal education. Finally, practitioners showed a strong tendency to refer patients to the professional medical care system.

Conclusions
Bangladesh’s village doctor sector provides an important pathway to professional, trained medical care, and provides some level of care to those who cannot afford or otherwise access the nation’s established healthcare system. However, the degree to which relatively untrained paramedical practitioners are prescribing conventional medicines has concerning health implications.
Out of pocket expenditure and distress financing on cesarean delivery in India: evidence from NFHS-5
Authors: Singh Rajeev Ranjan , Sharma Anjali , Mohanty Sanjay K. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Though over three-fourths of all births receive medical attention in India, the rate of cesarean delivery (22%) is twice higher than the WHO recommended level. Cesarean deliveries entail high costs and may lead to financial catastrophe for households. This paper examines the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and distress financing of cesarean deliveries in India.

Methods
We used data from the latest round of the National Family Health Survey conducted during 2019–21. The survey covered 636,699 households, and 724,115 women in the age group 15–49 years. We have used 159,643 births those delivered three years preceding the survey for whom the question on cost was canvassed. Descriptive analysis, bivariate analysis, concentration index (CI), and concentration curve (CC) were used in the analysis.

Result
Cesarean deliveries in India was estimated at 14.08%, in private health centres and 9.96% in public health centres. The prevalence of cesarean delivery increases with age, educational attainment, wealth quintile, BMI and high for those who had pregnancy complications, and previous birth as cesarean. The OOPE on cesarean births was US$133. It was US$498 in private health centres and US$99 in public health centres. The extent of distress financing of any cesarean delivery was 15.37%; 27% for those who delivered in private health centres compared to 16.61% for those who delivered in public health centres. The odds of financial distress arising due to OOPE on cesarean delivery increased with the increase of OOPE [AOR:10.00, 95% CI, 9.35–10.70]. Distress financing increased with birth order and was higher among those with low education and those who belonged to lower socioeconomic strata.

Conclusion
High OOPE on a cesarean delivery leads to distress financing in India. Timely monitoring of pregnancy and providing comprehensive pregnancy care, improving the quality of primary health centres to conduct cesarean deliveries, and regulating private health centres may reduce the high OOPE and financial distress due to cesarean deliveries in India.
Combining old and new concepts in targeting telomerase for cancer therapy: transient, immediate, complete and combinatory attack (TICCA)
Authors: Ali Jaber Haj , Walter Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTelomerase can overcome replicative senescence by elongation of telomeres but is also a specific element in most cancer cells. It is expressed more vastly than any other tumor marker. Telomerase as a tumor target inducing replicative immortality can be overcome by only one other mechanism: alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). This limits the probability to develop resistance to treatments. Moreover, telomerase inhibition offers some degree of specificity with a low risk of toxicity in normal cells. Nevertheless, only one telomerase antagonist reached late preclinical studies. The underlying causes, the pitfalls of telomerase-based therapies, and future chances based on recent technical advancements are summarized in this review. Based on new findings and approaches, we propose a concept how long-term survival in telomerase-based cancer therapies can be significantly improved: the TICCA (Transient Immediate Complete and Combinatory Attack) strategy.
Face mask sampling (FMS) for tuberculosis shows lower diagnostic sensitivity than sputum sampling in Guinea
Authors: Hassane-Harouna Souleymane , Braet Sofie Marijke , Decroo Tom , Camara Lansana Mady , Delamou Alexandre , Bock Sven de , Ortuño-Gutiérrez Nimer , Cherif Gba-Foromo , Williams Caroline M. , Wisniewska Anika , Barer Michael R. , Rigouts Leen , de Jong Bouke Catherine 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) diagnosis relies on sputum examination, a challenge in sputum-scarce patients. Alternative non-invasive sampling methods such as face mask sampling (FMS) have been proposed.

Objective
To evaluate the value of FMS for PTB diagnosis by assessing its agreement with sputum samples processed by GeneXpert MTB/RIF (Ultra)(Xpert) testing, and describe FMS sensitivity and specificity.

Methods
This was a prospective study conducted at the Carrière TB clinic in Guinea. Presumptive TB patients willing to participate were asked to wear a surgical mask containing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) strip for thirty minutes. Subsequently, two spot sputum samples were collected, of which one was processed by microscopy on site and the other by Xpert in Guinea’s National Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology (LNRM). The first 30 FMS were processed at the Supranational Reference Laboratory in Antwerp, Belgium, and the following 118 FMS in the LNRM.

Results
One hundred fifty patients participated, of whom 148 had valid results for both mask and sputum. Sputum smear microscopy was positive for 47 (31.8%) patients while sputum-Xpert detected MTB in 54 (36.5%) patients. Among the 54 patients testing sputum-Xpert positive, 26 (48.1%) yielded a positive FMS-Xpert result, while four sputum-Xpert negative patients tested positive for FMS and 90 patients were Xpert-negative for both sputum and mask samples, suggesting a moderate level of agreement (k-value of 0.47). The overall mask sensitivity was 48.1%, with 95.7% specificity.

Conclusion
In our setting, Xpert testing on FMS did not yield a high level of agreement to sputum sample.
3D-printed dual holder system for simultaneous rat PET scanning: design and influence on quantification
Authors: Bouillot Caroline , Daligault Sébastien , Bolbos Radu , Costes Nicolas , Zimmer Luc 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The low throughout of small animal positron emission tomography (PET) images acquisitions represents a substantial limitation. The aims of this study were (i) to design a low-cost support for simultaneous dynamic PET scanning of two lying rats and (ii) to study its impact on brain image quantification.

Results
Accuracy of concentration measurement was 5.5% for one phantom in the field of view, and 5.7% for two phantoms measured simultaneously. Ratio concentration between phantoms showed an error of 6.7% ± 5.1% for Solo upper position, 6.7% ± 3.7% for Solo lower position, 5.9% ± 4.3% for Duo upper position, and 7.4% ± 6% for Duo lower position 6.7% for separated measures, and 6.6% for simultaneous measures.
In vivo distribution profiles showed no difference between solo and duo uptakes. Region of Interest quantification in the whole brain showed 4.4% variability solo and 3.5% duo. The quantified test–retest bias was 8% in solo and 5% in duo, and the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient was comparable in solo and duo (0.969 vs. 0.966).

Conclusions
Our results showed that simultaneous scans of two rats in INVEON do not affect quantification. The dual support system will allow us to reduce protocol costs and duration.
Did real economic uncertainty drive risk connectedness in the oil–stock nexus during the COVID-19 outbreak? A partial wavelet coherence analysis
Authors: Al-Shboul Mohammad , Maghyereh Aktham 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study explores the impact of real economic policy (business condition risk) on the oil–stock nexus risk connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic. It uses multivariate wavelet coherency and partial wavelet coherency methods to isolate the effects of global risk indices, such as the US economic uncertainty index, the crude oil volatility index, and the geopolitical risk index, on risk connectedness. The study is based on daily data from January 2018 to December 2020 and finds a strong impact of real economic uncertainty indices on risk connectedness, with time-varying and frequency-sensitive patterns. The results also show that during the COVID-19 crisis, higher coherencies between oil and equity volatilities exist at lower frequencies. This research provides useful insights for regulators and portfolio diversifiers.
Treatments for ADHD in adults in jails, prisons and correctional settings: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: Byrne Cory , Guenter Dale 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prevalent at a higher rate in correctional settings than in the general population. Treatment of ADHD in this environment is challenging as stimulants, the most common treatment for ADHD, require cautious prescribing in the context of frequent substance use disorders (SUD) and diversion in the institutional setting. In addition, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches require significant staff resources. The aim of this scoping review is to map and summarize all literature addressing treatment of ADHD specifically in correctional settings, synthesize the evidence supporting various approaches, and highlight areas for future research. Due to the limited number of primary research studies addressing this question directly, we chose a scoping review methodology that would allow us to explore what kinds of studies and literature exist and include all types of articles directly related to our question.

Results
Five-hundred sixty-five relevant articles were screened. Thirty-two articles were included in the final review. Eleven of the articles reported primary research. Five of these articles were based on three randomized controlled trials. Among randomized controlled trials on the effect of stimulants, inclusion criteria, outcome measures and effectiveness varied widely. Non-male and non-white populations were under-represented. Among review articles and recommendations opinion was inconsistent, with some recommending stimulants as first-line treatment and others recommending they be avoided altogether. The effect of non-stimulant medications was examined in 2 small studies. The only non-pharmacological treatment examined was dialectical behavior therapy, and only feasibility was reported. Four articles provided practice recommendations from consensus or expert opinion. Two of these recommended stimulants as first-line treatment, and two recommended stimulants as treatment of last resort.

Conclusions
We found a diverse but shallow literature addressing our research question. Primary research in the corrections setting is limited and varies in inclusion criteria, outcomes studied, and effectiveness. Recommendations on treatment are inconsistent. Future research should address methods of diagnosis, the role of non-stimulants, non-pharmacological interventions, non-male and non-white people who are incarcerated (PWAI), and effects of treatment method on patients, staff and other PWAI. Better research and guidance on treating ADHD has potential to improve health of PWAI, the institutional environment, and resource utilization.
Shame-coping clusters: comparisons regarding attachment insecurities, mentalizing deficits, and personality pathology, controlling for general emotion dysregulation
Authors: Asgarizadeh Ahmad , Sharp Carla , Ghanbari Saeed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
General Emotion Dysregulation (GED) is increasingly implicated as an underlying factor in personality pathology; however, the regulation of specific emotions, such as shame, has been relatively overlooked in the literature. We aimed to identify distinct clusters of shame-coping/regulation and compare them regarding attachment insecurities, mentalizing deficits, and personality pathology, controlling for GED.

Methods
A convenience sample of 600 participants (351 females and 249 males) from the general population with ages ranging from 18 to 65 (M = 33.78, SD = 12.80) completed a battery of self-report instruments, measuring shame-coping styles, GED, attachment insecurities, mentalizing deficits, criteria A and B of the alternative model for personality disorders, and borderline personality traits. A two-stage clustering method was employed, with shame-coping styles as the clustering variables. The identified clusters were then compared for their effects on dependent variables using multivariate and univariate analyses. These comparisons were also performed after controlling for GED.

Results
Multiple determination methods suggested a two-cluster solution: maladaptive and adaptive shame-coping. Attack-self, withdrawal, and attack-other styles were the main discriminators. Compared with the adaptive cluster, the maladaptive cluster was characterized by higher use of maladaptive and lower use of adaptive shame-coping styles. Multivariate analyses demonstrated significant differences for all the between-cluster comparisons, with and without GED as the covariate (p < .001).

Conclusions
The current study provides evidence for the presence of homogenous clusters of shame-coping in community-based adults. Between-cluster contrasts after controlling for GED suggest that addressing shame-coping could have incremental utility over and above GED.