bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of wideband CPW‐fed microstrip patch antenna on textile substrate
Authors: Somasundaram Arulmurugan , Thengalpalayam Rajamanickam Suresh Kumar , Alex Zachariah C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA wideband flexible coplanar microstrip patch (CPW) antenna is developed on a felt substrate to radiate from 1.4 to 3 GHz. The dimension of the antenna is 0.37λ × 0.37λ × 0.007λ, developed on felt, which is a flexible textile material with a 1.38 dielectric constant. The patch and ground are printed on the same side of the substrate, where a semi‐circular slot is etched on the patch, and symmetric slots are etched on the ground to achieve wide bandwidth (73%). CPW feed impedance is matched with the connector impedance using the modified feed line. The felt antenna has a measured peak gain of 4.7 dB at 2.45 GHz. Moreover, the performance of the textile antenna under different bending conditions are experimentally carried out. The antenna bandwidth is reduced due to a decrease in bending angle, but still, the antenna operates at the required bandwidth of 1.8–2.9 GHz (upto 80 mm radius).
Healthcare teams' ethical obligations towards care of adolescents' living with human immunodeficiency virus disease
Authors: Joseph Renatha S. , Frumence Gasto , Sirili Nathanael , Ulrich Connie M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo explore healthcare team members' perceptions of their ethical obligations toward HIV‐positive adolescents and their enrolment in and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among adolescents attending a Care and Treatment Center (CTC) in Temeke Regional Referral Hospital in Tanzania.DesignThis is a descriptive exploratory qualitative study.MethodsA total of 16 healthcare team members were purposively selected from the hospital CTC to participate in in‐depth qualitative interviews. With the aid of NVivo software, qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze the information.ResultsFive themes on ethical obligations emerged: (1) informing adolescents of their status before enrolment to the HIV CTC, (2) securing adolescents’ confidential information, (3) disclosing adolescents' HIV status, (4) informing others about the adolescent’s HIV status; and (5) offering reproductive health education for adolescents living with HIV.ConclusionThe healthcare team faces many ethical challenges in the care and support of adolescents who enroll in an HIV CTC in Tanzania. Differing ethical obligations must be balanced with the needs of adolescents and their parents in discerning what is in the best interest of the adolescent and advocating for life‐saving treatment.
Interpretation and modeling of aeromagnetic data from helicopter surveys of the Morobe goldfield, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Craig Mitchell S. , Noku Shadrach 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe interpreted and modelled aeromagnetic data from helicopter surveys of the Morobe goldfield, Papua New Guinea, by comparing gridded magnetic data with mapped surface geology. In some cases, geologic units may be recognized and distinguished based on contrasts in magnetic intensity and texture, including the Morobe Granodiorite, Kaindi Metamorphics, Bulolo Volcanics, and Langimar Beds. Magnetic anomalies occur due to intrusions of Edie Porphyry and related igneous rocks that are associated with gold mineralization. Numerous faults control the size and shape of the intrusions. Magnetic anomalies of interest were identified in gridded data from high‐resolution surveys and modelled using flight line data. Two‐dimensional magnetic models included dipping slabs with thicknesses of 100–400 m. Three‐dimensional models were prepared, including a dipping tabular body and a dipping cylinder. A 2008 survey of the Papuan peninsula sponsored by the European Union (EU) provided continuous coverage of the Morobe goldfield area and helped resolve regional features that were only partially covered by previous smaller surveys. In particular, the EU survey covers the full length of the Sunshine Fault and greatly extends coverage of outcrops of the Morobe Granodiorite and Langimar Beds. The EU survey contains isolated anomalies south‐west of Wau that may correspond to intrusions of Edie Porphyry, Morobe Granodiorite.
Convergence of first‐order finite volume method based on exact Riemann solver for the complete compressible Euler equations
Authors: Lukáčová‐Medvid'ová Mária , Yuan Yuhuan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecently developed concept of dissipative measure‐valued solution for compressible flows is a suitable tool to describe oscillations and singularities possibly developed in solutions of multidimensional Euler equations. In this paper we study the convergence of the first‐order finite volume method based on the exact Riemann solver for the complete compressible Euler equations. Specifically, we derive entropy inequality and prove the consistency of numerical method. Passing to the limit, we show the weak and strong convergence of numerical solutions and identify their limit. The numerical results presented for the spiral and the Richtmyer‐Meshkov problem are consistent with our theoretical analysis.
Shape memory behavior of novel Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)/paraffin foams
Authors: Bianchi M. , Fredi G. , Valentini F. , Dorigato A. , Pegoretti A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEthylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber foams are widely employed for thermal and acoustic insulation in building construction. However, their installation in confined spaces is often complicated, and the capability of EPDM foams to exhibit shape memory behavior could be a desirable property. In the literature, several works have demonstrated that blending elastomeric matrices with paraffin, a well‐known Phase Change Material (PCM), could be an interesting method to obtain shape memory polymers with a tunable switching temperature. In this work, EPDM foams filled with paraffin wax, having a melting temperature of 70°C, were produced and characterized from a microstructural and thermo‐mechanical point of view. By melt compounding and hot pressing, samples were produced, and the PCM content in the foams was varied between 0 and 60 wt% (with respect to the EPDM matrix). The results of the shape memory tests evidenced the crucial role played by the PCM in providing excellent shape fixability for the expanded rubber. Even a limited amount of paraffin (i.e., 20 wt%) was able to raise the strain fixity parameter to a value higher than 80%, and it reached 100% when the paraffin content was increased to 60 wt%. On the other hand, an increased PCM fraction caused a slower recovery process. Consequently, a compromise between a fast recovery and optimum shape fixability should be accepted. These results are promising for the development of novel thermal and acoustic EPDM insulating foams easier to be installed.
Electrophilic substitution reactivity prediction of crown ether derivatives
Authors: Tian Yongpan , Zhang Fan , Xie Juan , Xu Liang , Zhao Zhuo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium is important for the world's economic development because it is the primary component of batteries. Crown ether derivatives are widely used for the separation and enrichment of lithium. The conformations of the designed crown ether were studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The electrophilic substitution reactivities of different conformations were analyzed by the conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) and the frontier molecular orbital theory (FMO). The analysis results show that the reactivity of the phenyl group can be increased by the π–π conjugation effect and bonded oxygen atoms. According to the reduced density gradient (RDG), the van der Waals interactions between the phenyl functional groups and methyl groups also benefit the reactivity. According to the global softness and nucleophilicity index, the reactivity of
is the highest. The condensed Fukui function, condensed local nucleophilicity index, and condensed local softness show that the electrophilic substitution reactivity of
is the highest.
also has the largest HOMO orbital composition. The analysis results of CDFT and FMO are consistent with each other, which suggests that the Koopmans approximation is suitable for the reactivity analysis of crown ether derivatives.
Structural study of some unsaturated malononitriles using mass spectrometry and theoretical models
Authors: Garófalo Federico M. , Gastaca Belén , Albesa Alberto , Furlong Jorge J. P. , Allegretti Patricia E. , Giussi Juan M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of tautomerism has gained relevance in the scientific community because several cellular processes occur through different tautomeric forms of certain compounds. The percentage of each tautomer in compounds with tautomerism capability depends on numerous factors, such as temperature and solvent polarity, among others; and, by changing the external conditions, equilibrium displacement can be established very quickly. This manuscript deals with nitrile–ketenimine tautomerism in some unsaturated malononitriles. This kind of compounds with two nitrile groups conjugated to a double bound is able to rearrange accessible hydrogens and provide new and complex structures of different functionalities. The authors' motivation for investigating these compounds lies in understanding their tautomeric behavior in solution and gas phases and to predict reaction deportment to then account for the final products obtained. Four unsaturated malononitriles were synthesized to study the substituent effect on equilibrium displacement. Characterization was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and tautomeric equilibrium in gas phase was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Correlation with theoretical calculations was carried out in order to comprehend the system behavior.
Primordial Black Holes from Volkov–Akulov–Starobinsky Supergravity
Authors: Aldabergenov Yermek , Ketov Sergei V. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study the formation of primordial black holes (PBH) in the Starobinsky supergravity coupled to the nilpotent superfield describing Volkov–Akulov goldstino. By using the no‐scale Kähler potential and a polynomial superpotential, we find that under certain conditions our model can describe effectively single‐field inflation with the ultra‐slow‐roll phase that appears near a critical (near‐inflection) point of the scalar potential. This can lead to the formation of PBH as part of (or whole) dark matter, while keeping the inflationary spectral tilt and the tensor‐to‐scalar ratio in good agreement with the current cosmic microwave background (CMB) bounds. After inflation, supersymmetry is spontaneously broken at the inflationary scale with the vanishing cosmological constant.
The N‐Acetylgalactosamine‐conjugated small interfering RNA inclisiran can be coadministered safely with atorvastatin in cynomolgus monkeys resulting in additive low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions
Authors: Lehoux Dario , Kallend David , Wijngaard Peter L. J. , Brown Alan P. , Zerler Brad 
Published: April 2023

AbstractInclisiran, a small interfering RNA, selectively inhibits proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) synthesis in the liver and has been shown to reduce low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) by ≥50% in patients with hypercholesterolemia receiving maximally tolerated statins. The toxicokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles of inclisiran when coadministered with a statin were characterized in cynomolgus monkeys. Six cohorts of monkeys were administered either atorvastatin (40 mg/kg, reduced to 25 mg/kg during the study, daily, oral gavage), inclisiran (300 mg/kg every 28 days, subcutaneous administration), atorvastatin (40/25 mg/kg) and inclisiran combinations (30, 100, or 300 mg/kg), or control vehicles over 85 days followed by 90 days' recovery. Inclisiran and atorvastatin toxicokinetic parameters were similar in cohorts administered either agent alone or in combination. Inclisiran exposure increased in a dose‐proportional manner. At Day 86, atorvastatin increased plasma PCSK9 levels four‐fold from pretreatment levels but did not significantly lower serum LDL‐C levels. Inclisiran (alone or in combination) reduced PCSK9 (mean decrease 66–85%) and LDL‐C (mean decrease 65–92%) from pretreatment levels at Day 86; levels were significantly lower than the control group (p ≤ .05) and remained decreased during the 90‐day recovery. Coadministration of inclisiran with atorvastatin resulted in greater reductions in LDL‐C and total cholesterol compared with either drug alone. No toxicities or adverse effects were observed in any cohort receiving inclisiran, either alone or in combination. In summary, inclisiran significantly inhibited PCSK9 synthesis and decreased LDL‐C in cynomolgus monkeys without increasing the risk of adverse effects when coadministered with atorvastatin.
Biobased Agents for Single‐Particle Detection with Optoacoustics
Authors: Chen Yunbo , Nozdriukhin Daniil , Michel‐Souzy Sandra , Padberg Clemens , Wurm Frederik R. , Razansky Daniel , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Koshkina Olga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptoacoustic (OA, photoacoustic) imaging synergistically combines rich optical contrast with the resolution of ultrasound within light‐scattering biological tissues. Contrast agents have become essential to boost deep‐tissue OA sensitivity and fully exploit the capabilities of state‐of‐the‐art OA imaging systems, thus facilitating the clinical translation of this modality. Inorganic particles with sizes of several microns can also be individually localized and tracked, thus enabling new applications in drug delivery, microrobotics, or super‐resolution imaging. However, significant concerns have been raised regarding the low bio‐degradability and potential toxic effects of inorganic particles. Bio‐based, biodegradable nano‐ and microcapsules consisting of an aqueous core with clinically‐approved indocyanine green (ICG) and a cross‐linked casein shell obtained in an inverse emulsion approach are introduced. The feasibility to provide contrast‐enhanced in vivo OA imaging with nanocapsules as well as localizing and tracking individual larger microcapsules of 4–5 µm is demonstrated. All components of the developed capsules are safe for human use and the inverse emulsion approach is known to be compatible with a variety of shell materials and payloads. Hence, the enhanced OA imaging performance can be exploited in multiple biomedical studies and can open a route to clinical approval of agents detectable at a single‐particle level.
Brandversuche an mechanisch belasteten Carbonzuggliedern
Authors: Kremberg Jan , Häßler Dustin , Stelzner Ludwig , Hothan Sascha 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDie Anwendung von Zuggliedern aus Carbon ist durch die außergewöhnlich gute Ermüdungs‐ sowie hohe Zugfestigkeit des Werkstoffs motiviert. Ferner ergibt sich gegenüber Stahl eine deutliche Reduzierung des Querschnitts. Perspektivisch sollen damit u. a. Stahlzugglieder im Netzwerkbogenbrückenbau ersetzt werden. Das Tragverhalten von Carbonzuggliedern im Brandfall ist jedoch bislang unbekannt. Daher wurden mittels Bauteilbrandversuchen die Versagensmechanismen untersucht sowie anhand gewonnener Versuchsdaten eine exemplarische Einschätzung zur Gleichwertigkeit gegenüber konventionellen Stahlzuggliedern vorgenommen. Der Beitrag beschreibt realmaßstäbliche Brandversuche an mechanisch belasteten Carbonzuggliedern, die im Rahmen des Verbundforschungsvorhabens NeZuCa durchgeführt wurden. Das Versuchsprogramm umfasste vier Carbonzugglieder mit kreisrunden Querschnitten in zwei verschiedenen Durchmessern, 36 mm und 51 mm. In Ermangelung eines präskriptiven Brandszenarios für den im Projekt vorgesehenen Anwendungsfall und aus Gründen der Vergleichbarkeit erfolgte die Brandbeanspruchung nach Einheitstemperaturzeitkurve (ETK). Neben den Längsverformungen der Zugglieder wurden auch die Bauteil‐ und Brandraumtemperaturen aufgezeichnet.
Polystyrene exacerbates cadmium‐induced mitochondrial damage to lung by blocking autophagy in mice
Authors: Tong Xishuai , Fu Xiaohui , Yu Gengsheng , Qu Huayi , Zou Hui , Song Ruilong , Ma Yonggang , Yuan Yan , Bian Jianchun , Gu Jianhong , Liu Zongping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is an environmental heavy metal, and its accumulation is harmful to animal and human health. The cytotoxicity of Cd includes oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial histopathological changes. Furthermore, polystyrene (PS) is a kind of microplastic piece derived from biotic and abiotic weathering courses, and has toxicity in various aspects. However, the potential mechanism of action of Cd co‐treated with PS is still poorly unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PS on Cd‐induced histopathological injury of mitochondria in the lung of mice. In this study, the results have showed that Cd could induce the activity of oxidative enzymes of the lung cells in mice, increasing the content of partial microelement and the phosphorylation of inflammatory factor NF‐κB p65. Cd further destroys the integrity of mitochondria by increasing the expression of apoptotic protein and blocking the autophagy. In addition, PS solely group aggravated the lung damage in mice, especially mitochondrial toxicity, and played a synergistic effect with Cd in lung injury. However, how PS can augment mitochondrial damage and synergism with Cd in lung of mice requiring further exploration. Therefore, PS was able to exacerbate Cd‐induced mitochondrial damage to the lung in mice by blocking autophagy, and was associated with the apoptosis.
Radioactive Waste Management in Sweden: Decision-Making in a Context of Scientific Controversy
Authors: Swahn Johan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn early 2022 the Swedish government took a decision to allow the construction of a repository for spent nuclear fuel at the Forsmark nuclear power plant. This chapter describes the long process that preceded the decision and started in the 1970s. Both the siting of the repository and the case made for its long-term safety has seen controversies. In particular, there has been a science-based debate on the long-term safety of using copper as a material for encapsulation of the spent nuclear fuel. The government’s decision relied on claims from the industry and the nuclear regulator that the Swedish KBS multi-barrier concept could still be safe enough. Whether this view will survive the coming decade until the repository will be ready for operation remains to be seen.
The Governance Ecosystem of Radioactive Waste Management in France: Governing of and with Mistrust
Authors: Lehtonen Markku 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFrance is one of the forerunners in advancing towards implementation of a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repository. The state agency responsible for radioactive management, Andra, plans to start the construction of the “Cigéo” deep geological disposal facility in 2022, a pilot testing phase in 2025, and operation in 2040–2050. Although supported by most parliamentarians and key stakeholders in the region, the project continues to generate controversy and recurrent clashes between opponents and the police. The French nuclear sector has been among the pioneers in developing and institutionalising “counter-expertise”, the relations between civil society and project promoters have been tense, and the media have played a vigilant watchdog role, especially since the Chernobyl accident in 1986. In consequence, the authorities and industry have designed a range of response mechanisms, including the requirement for the project to remain reversible, the establishment of permanent and ad hoc multi-stakeholder bodies, and experiments at “co-creation of knowledge” by experts and citizens holding distinct types of expertise. The long and conflict-ridden history of the project provides numerous useful lessons on the multiple functions of mistrust as both a driver and a mechanism of articulation across domains of governance, the role of reversibility as a key notion helping to manage mistrust and cross-domain interaction, and the impact of the nuclear-sector legacies and path dependencies in shaping high-level radioactive waste governance.
Merantau: The Worldview and Praxis of Javanese Migrants in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Wei Westly Lo Siong , Fee Lian Kwen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe phenomenon and experiences of Indonesians who leave their villages of origin to seek a life of improvement have been examined by local scholars in the past using the concept of merantau. In this chapter, we document the extended narratives of nine Javanese migrant workers in Brunei Darussalam from the conversations we had about their lives in Java, Indonesia and Brunei connected through the social process of migration. Every individual had a unique account of the migration story and how it relates to their experiences. However, we suggest that they share something in common. We argue that merantau is a worldview with which these young Javanese make sense of their lives and future, empower them, and help them overcome the existential condition of uncertainty and insecurity of life in densely populated Java. For them merantau is a way of life that sustains their adulthood.
Changes in anxiety and depression symptoms during the Covid-19 lockdown in the Netherlands. The moderating role of pre-existing mental health, employment situation and alcohol consumption
Authors: Mangot-Sala Lluís , Smidt Nynke , Liefbroer Aart C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Evidence suggests an increase of depression and anxiety symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic but most studies relied on cross-sectional designs and/or small samples, and they often overlooked subgroup effects in the impact of the lockdown. We investigated the effect of the pandemic on depression and anxiety symptoms, and whether it differed by employment situation and alcohol consumption.

Methods
This longitudinal study used 23 waves of the Covid-Questionnaire (April 2020—July 2021), within the Lifelines cohort from the Netherlands (n = 76,254). Depression and anxiety symptoms were combined in a “mental health score”. Linear fixed-effects models were fitted to analyse trends in mental health throughout the observation period. The moderating role of pre-existing mental health, employment situation, and alcohol consumption was tested.

Results
Depression and anxiety symptoms fluctuated considerably during the observation period, with clear peaks in winter 2021, during the strictest lockdown period. Moreover, temporal patterns differed by employment situation and alcohol consumption patterns, suggesting that various subgroups reacted to the pandemic and the lockdown in different ways.

Conclusion
Lockdowns increased depression and anxiety symptoms in the Netherlands. The effect was particularly strong for unemployed individuals, those with risky alcohol consumption patterns and those with pre-existing mental health disorders.
Stability and asymptotic analysis for instationary gas transport via relative energy estimates
Authors: Egger H. , Giesselmann J. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe consider the transport of gas in long pipes and pipeline networks for which the dynamics are dominated by friction at the pipe walls. The governing equations can be formulated as an abstract dissipative Hamiltonian system which allows us to derive perturbation bounds via relative energy estimates using a problem adapted nonlinear analysis. As particular consequences of these results, we are able to prove stability estimates with respect to initial conditions and model parameters and we conduct a quantitative asymptotic analysis in the high friction limit. Our results are established first for the flow in a single pipe and we then extend our analysis to pipe networks in the spirit of energy-based port-Hamiltonian modelling.