bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect and mechanisms of music therapy on the autonomic nervous system and brain networks of patients of minimal conscious states: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Xiao Xiang , Chen Wenyi , Zhang Xiaoying 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionMusic therapy has been employed as an alternative treatment modality for the arousal therapy of patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) in clinical settings. However, due to the absence of continuous quantitative measurements and the lack of a non-musical sound control group in most studies, the identification of the specific impact of music on DOC patients remains challenging. In this study, 20 patients diagnosed with minimally consciousness state (MCS) were selected, and a total of 15 patients completed the experiment.MethodsAll patients were randomly assigned to three groups: an intervention group (music therapy group, n = 5), a control group (familial auditory stimulation group, n = 5), and a standard care group (no sound stimulation group, n = 5). All three groups received 30 min of therapy five times a week for a total of 4 weeks (20 times per group, 60 times in total). Autonomic nervous system (ANS) measurements, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and functional magnetic resonance—diffusion tensor imaging (fMRI-DTI) were used to measure the peripheral nervous system indicators and brain networks, and to evaluate patients’ behavior levels.ResultsThe results reveal that PNN50 (p = 0.0004**), TP (p = 0.0003**), VLF (p = 0.0428**), and LF/HF (p = 0.0001**) in the music group were significantly improved compared with the other two groups. Such findings suggest that the ANS of patients with MCS exhibits higher activity levels during music exposure compared to those exposed to family conversation or no auditory stimulation. In fMRI-DTI detection, due to the relative activity of ANS in the music group, the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS) in the brain network also exhibited significant nerve fiber bundle reconstruction, superior temporal gyrus (STG), transverse temporal gyrus (TTG), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), limbic system, corpus callosum, subcorticospinal trace, thalamus and brainstem regions. In the music group, the reconstructed network topology was directed rostrally to the diencephalon’s dorsal nucleus, with the brainstem’s medial region serving as the hub. This network was found to be linked with the caudal corticospinal tract and the ascending lateral branch of the sensory nerve within the medulla.ConclusionMusic therapy, as an emerging treatment for DOC, appears to be integral to the awakening of the peripheral nervous system-central nervous system based on the hypothalamic-brainstem-autonomic nervous system (HBA) axis, and is worthy of clinical promotion. The research was supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Project Foundation of China, No. Z181100001718066, and the National Key R&amp;D Program of China No. 2022YFC3600300, No. 2022YFC3600305.
Research trends of exercise therapy of college students in depression from 2002 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ai Zhongzhu , Yuan Dongfeng , Meng Yitong , Ai Zhuo , Zhu Sisi 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundDepression is a serious psychological disorder that college students are experiencing. College students’ depression problems, which can be caused by various factors, have been easily ignored and untreated. In recent years, exercise, as a low-cost and easily accessible method for treating depression, has attracted widespread attention. The purpose of this study is to use bibliometrics to explore the hotspots and trends in the field of exercise therapy of college students in depression from 2002 to 2022.MethodsWe retrieved relevant literature from the Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, and Scopus databases, and generated a ranking table to describe the core productivity in the field. We used VOSViewer software to generate network maps of authors, countries, co-cited journals, and co-occurring keywords to help us better understand the scientific collaboration patterns, potential disciplinary foundations, as well as research hotspots and trends in this field.ResultsFrom 2002 to 2022, a total of 1,397 articles related to exercise therapy of college students in depression were selected. The key findings of this study are as follows: (1) the number of publications has gradually increased, especially after 2019; (2) United States and its affiliated higher education institutions have made significant contributions to the development of this field; (3) there are multiple research groups in this field, but their connections are relatively limited; (4) the field is relatively interdisciplinary, primarily a convergence of behavioral science, public health, and psychology; (5) based on co-occurring keyword analysis, six main themes were summarized: health-promoting factors, body image, negative behaviors, increased stress, depression coping strategies, and diet.ConclusionOur study illustrates the research hotspots and trends for the research of exercise therapy of college students in depression, presents some challenges and new insights, and provides valuable information for further research.
Association between poverty and children's working memory abilities in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nugroho Hari Wahyu , Salimo Harsono , Hartono Hartono , Hakim Moh. Abdul , Probandari Ari 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionWorking memory is critical in cognitive skills, especially among children. Children's ability to count and complete cognitive tasks are strongly associated with working memory abilities. Recent studies indicated that in addition to health factors, socioeconomic status also has a significant impact on children's working memory capacity. Despite these, evidence on the effects of socioeconomic status on working memory from developing countries yielded a somewhat puzzling picture.MethodsThis systematic review and meta-analysis provide a comprehensive summary of the recent evidence concerning the socioeconomic status determinants of children's working memory in developing countries. We searched via Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. The initial search terms were [“socioeconomic”, “socio-economic”, “socioeconomic status”, “socio-economic status”, “income”, “poverty”, “disadvantaged”, “disparity”] AND [“working memory”, “short term memory”, “short-term memory”, “cognitive”, “achievement”, “performance”] AND [“child*”, “school child*”]. Odds ratio (for categorical outcome data) or standardized mean differences (for continuous data) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated from the data generated.ResultsThis meta-analysis included five studies from 4 developing countries with a total of 4,551 subjects. Poverty was associated with a lower working memory score (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 2.66, 3.65; p &lt; 0.001). Another finding from 2 studies in this meta-analysis was that low mother education was associated with a lower score of working memory (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 2.86, 3.71; p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionPoverty and low level of mothers' education were significant risk factors for lowering working memory among children in developing countries.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42021270683.
Prediction and analysis of trends in the nutritional status of children under 5 years in Iran: reanalysis of the results of national surveys conducted between 1998 and 2020
Authors: Ghodsi Delaram , Rasekhi Hamid , Yari Zahra , Roustaee Roshanak , Nikooyeh Bahereh , Faramarzi Ayoub , Eini-Zinab Hassan , Neyestani Tirang R. 
Published: May 2023

Background and aimMalnutrition is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the trend in malnutrition among children under 5 years of age in Iran over recent decades and to estimate malnutrition status for 2020.MethodsThis study took the form of a secondary analysis of the reports and data from three cross-sectional national surveys on children's nutritional status conducted between 1998 and 2017. Anthropometric indices, including markers of underweight, wasting, stunting, overweight, and obesity, were used as indicators of the nutritional status of children under 5 years. Malnutrition indicators are reported separately based on regional food security status. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to predict the status of malnutrition indicators for 2020.ResultsThe results of this study indicated a downward trend in the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting, from 15.4 to 4.8%, 10.9 to 4.3%, and 4.9 to 4.3%, respectively, between 1998 and 2017. The proportion of children at risk of overweight and prevalence of childhood overweight/obesity showed a downward trend between 2010 and 2017, from 3.73 to 3.02% and from 12.1 to 10.3%, respectively. However, the trend varied between different provinces. Estimates of the prevalence of malnutrition in 2020 also indicated a decrease in the prevalence of all indicators among children.ConclusionDespite the decreasing trend in malnutrition over the past three decades, the prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting is still high in food-insecure provinces. Moreover, following the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences, an increase in the prevalence of malnutrition, especially in food-insecure provinces, is plausible.
Characteristics of intestinal microbiota in infants with late-onset breast milk jaundice
Authors: Guo Qianying , Liu Xinran , Cui Mingxuan , Li Xuening , Yang Chen , Zhao Shilong , Pan Lina , Peng Xiaoyu , Wang Linlin , Liu Peng 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionIn this paper, microbiota analysis was determined to analyze the structure and difference of intestinal microbiota between LBMJ (late-onset breast milk jaundice) infants and healthy individuals.MethodsWe collected fresh fecal samples from 13 infants with LBMJ and 13 healthy individuals, then determined the intestinal microbiota by 16 s rRNA sequencing. The differences of microbiota structure, diversity and functional characteristics between the two groups were analyzed, and the correlation between dominant genus and TcB (transcutaneous bilirubin) value was calculated.ResultsIn this study, there were no significant differences in maternal demographic characteristics, neonatal status and macronutrients in breast milk between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). There are differences in the structure of intestinal microbiota between LBMJ and the control group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Klebsiella in the case group is high (p &lt; 0.05). At the same time, correlation analysis indicates that the abundance of Klebsiella is positively correlated with TcB value. The intestinal microbiota richness and diversity (Alpha diversity and Beta diversity) of the two groups were significantly different (p &lt; 0.05). LEfSe analysis showed that 25 genera including Klebsiella was significantly enriched in the LBMJ infants, and the other 17 species are enriched in the control group. Functional prediction analysis indicated that 42 metabolic pathways may be related to the occurrence of LBMJ.ConclusionIn conclusion, characteristic changes are seen in intestinal microbiota compositions between LBMJ infants and the healthy controls. Klebsiella is closely associated with the severity of the disease, which may be due to enhanced β-glucuronidase activity.
Evaluation of circulating tumor DNA by electropherogram analysis and methylome profiling in high-risk neuroblastomas
Authors: Trinidad Eva María , Juan-Ribelles Antonio , Pisano Giulia , Castel Victoria , Cañete Adela , Gut Marta , Heath Simon , Font de Mora Jaime 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLiquid biopsy has emerged as a promising, non-invasive diagnostic approach in oncology because the analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) reflects the precise status of the disease at diagnosis, progression, and response to treatment. DNA methylation profiling is also a potential solution for sensitive and specific detection of many cancers. The combination of both approaches, DNA methylation analysis from ctDNA, provides an extremely useful and minimally invasive tool with high relevance in patients with childhood cancer. Neuroblastoma is an extracranial solid tumor most common in children and responsible for up to 15% of cancer-related deaths. This high death rate has prompted the scientific community to search for new therapeutic targets. DNA methylation also offers a new source for identifying these molecules. However, the limited blood sample size which can be obtained from children with cancer and the fact that ctDNA content may occasionally be diluted by non-tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) complicate optimal quantities of material for high-throughput sequencing studies.MethodsIn this article, we present an improved method for ctDNA methylome studies of blood-derived plasma from high-risk neuroblastoma patients. We assessed the electropherogram profiles of ctDNA-containing samples suitable for methylome studies, using 10 ng of plasma-derived ctDNA from 126 samples of 86 high-risk neuroblastoma patients, and evaluated several bioinformatic approaches to analyze DNA methylation sequencing data.ResultsWe demonstrated that enzymatic methyl-sequencing (EM-seq) outperformed bisulfite conversion-based method, based on the lower proportion of PCR duplicates and the higher percentage of unique mapping reads, mean coverage, and genome coverage. The analysis of the electropherogram profiles revealed the presence of nucleosomal multimers, and occasionally high molecular weight DNA. We established that 10% content of the mono-nucleosomal peak is sufficient ctDNA for successful detection of copy number variations and methylation profiles. Quantification of mono-nucleosomal peak also showed that samples at diagnosis contained a higher amount of ctDNA than relapse samples.ConclusionsOur results refine the use of electropherogram profiles to optimize sample selection for subsequent high-throughput analysis and support the use of liquid biopsy followed by enzymatic conversion of unmethylated cysteines to assess the methylomes of neuroblastoma patients.
Cancer risk and mortality among firefighters: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Lee David J. , Ahn Soyeon , McClure Laura A. , Caban-Martinez Alberto J. , Kobetz Erin N. , Ukani Henna , Boga Devina J. , Hernandez Diana , Pinheiro Paulo S. 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundFirefighting is a hazardous occupation that is associated with an increased risk of select cancers. The number of studies has grown in recent years allowing for a synthesis of findings.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, multiple electronic databases were searched to identify studies on firefighter cancer risk and mortality. We computed pooled standardized incidence risk (SIRE) and standardized mortality estimates (SMRE), tested for publication bias, and conducted moderator analyses.ResultsThirty-eight studies published between 1978 and March 2022 were included for final meta-analysis. Overall, cancer incidence and mortality were significantly lower for firefighters (SIRE = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.95; SMRE = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.92 - 0.95) compared to the general population. Incident cancer risks were significantly higher for skin melanoma (SIRE = 1.14; 95% CI:1.08 - 1.21), other skin cancers (SIRE = 1.24; 95% CI:1.16-1.32), and prostate cancer (SIRE = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04-1.14). Firefighters showed higher mortality for rectum (SMRE = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.02-1.36), testis (SMRE = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.00-2.67), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (SMRE = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02-1.40). There was evidence of publication bias for SIRE and SMRE estimates. Some moderators explained variations in study effects, including study quality scores.ConclusionFirefighters are at higher risk for several cancers; to the extent that some (e.g., melanoma and prostate) are screening amenable, more study into firefighter-specific recommendations for cancer surveillance is needed. Moreover, longitudinal studies with more detailed data on the specific length and types of exposures are necessary, as well as on unstudied subtypes of cancers (e.g., subtypes of brain cancer and leukemias) are needed.
LC-MS based urine untargeted metabolomic analyses to identify and subdivide urothelial cancer
Authors: Yang Ming , Liu Xiaoyan , Tang Xiaoyue , Sun Wei , Ji Zhigang 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionUrine metabolomics has been a promising technique in the liquid biopsy of urothelial cancer (UC). The comparison of upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC), lower tract urothelial cancer (BCa), and healthy controls (HCs) need to be performed to find related biomarkers. MethodsIn our investigation, urine samples from 35 UTUCs, 44 BCas, and 53 gender- and age-matched HCs were analyzed using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). In different groups, the differential metabolites and the disturbed metabolism pathways were explored. Transcriptomics and urine metabolomics are combined to identify the probably disturbed gene in BCa. ResultsWith an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.815, the panel consisting of prostaglandin I2, 5-methyldeoxycytidine, 2,6-dimethylheptanoyl carnitine, and deoxyinosine was able to discriminate UC from HCs. With an AUC of 0.845, the validation group also demonstrated strong predictive ability. UTUC and BCa without hematuria could be distinguished using the panel of 5'-methylthioadenosine, L-beta-aspartyl-L-serine, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and N'-formylkynurenine (AUC=0.858). The metabolite panel comprising aspartyl-methionine, 7-methylinosine, and alpha-CEHC glucuronide could discriminate UTUC from BCa with hematuria with an AUC of 0.83. Fatty acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and arachidonic acid metabolism were dysregulated when comparing UC with HCs. PTGIS and BCHE, the genes related to the metabolism of prostaglandin I2 and myristic acid respectively, were significantly associated with the survival of BCa. DiscussionNot only could LC-HRMS urine metabolomic investigations distinguish UC from HCs, but they could also identify UTUC from BCa. Additionally, urine metabolomics combined with transcriptomics can find out the potential aberrant genes in the metabolism.
Association of body mass index with survival in U.S. cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 1999–2018
Authors: Yang Yi , Chen Dan , Zhong Dingfu , Yi Zongbi 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundUnderstanding the association between relative mortality with body mass index (BMI) may aid clinicians in making suitable clinical decisions. Our study evaluated the impact of BMI on mortality among cancer survivors.MethodsWe used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) spanning from 1999 to 2018. Relevant mortality data were retrieved up until December 31, 2019. Adjusted Cox models were employed to examine the association of BMI with the risks for total and cause-specific mortality.ResultsAmong 4135 cancer survivors, 1486 (35.9%) were obese (21.0% class 1 obesity [BMI 30-&lt; 35 kg/m2], 9.2% class 2 obesity [BMI 35 -&lt; 40 kg/m2], 5.7% class 3 obesity [BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2]), 1475(35.7%) were overweight (BMI 25-&lt; 30 kg/m2). During an average follow-up of 8.9 years (35895 person-years), a total of 1361 deaths were reported (cancer 392; 356 cardiovascular disease [CVD]; 613, non-cancer, non-CVD). In multivariable models, underweight participants (BMI &lt; 18.5 kg/m2) were associated with significantly higher risks of cancer-specific (HR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.37-8.03, P=0.01) and CVD cause (HR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.44-7.02, P &lt; 0.001) mortality compared to individuals with normal weight. Being overweight was associated with significantly lower risks of non-cancer, non-CVD cause mortality (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87, P &lt; 0.001). Class 1 obesity was associated with significantly reduced risks of all-cause (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.61-0.99, P = 0.04), and non-cancer, non-CVD cause (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86, P = 0.01) mortality. A higher risk of CVD-related mortality (HR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.07-5.18, P = 0.03) was observed in class 3 obesity cases. Lower risks of all-cause mortality were detected in men (overweight, HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99, P=0.04; class 1 obesity, HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.98, P = 0.04) but not in woman, in never-smokers (class 1 obesity, HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.90, P=0.01) and former smokers (overweight, HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60-0.98, P=0.04) but not in current smokers; in obesity-related cancer (class 2 obesity, HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.89, P=0.01) but not in non-obesity-related cancers.ConclusionsIn the United States, cancer survivors with overweight or moderate obesity (class 1 or class 2 obesity) demonstrated a lower risk of all-cause and noncancer, non-CVD cause mortality.
A cross-sectional study on the application of patient-reported outcome measurements in clinical trials of traditional Chinese medicine in mainland China
Authors: Dong Yue , Liu Lin , Zhang Xiaowen , Gong Yijia , Yan Shiyan , Li Wei , Li Shunping , Rong Hongguo , Liu Jianping 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) provide a global perspective of patient health status which plays an enormous role in evaluating clinical efficacy. However, the application of PROs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was still insufficiently studied in mainland China.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed based on interventional clinical trials of TCM that were conducted in mainland China from 1 January 2010, to 15 July 2022. Data was retrieved from the ClinicalTrials.gov and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. We included interventional clinical trials of TCM for which the country of the primary sponsors or recruitment settings in mainland China. For each included trial, data including clinical trial phases, study settings, participant’s age, sex, diseases, and the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were extracted. Trials were categorized into four categories according to 1) listed PROs as primary endpoints, 2) listed PROs as secondary endpoints, 3) listed PROs as coprimary outcomes (both primary and secondary endpoints), and 4) did not mention any PROMs.Results: Among a total of 3,797 trials, 680 (17.9%) trials listed PROs as primary endpoints, 692 (18.2%) trials listed PROs as secondary endpoints, and 760 (20.0%) trials listed PROs as coprimary endpoints. Among 675,787 participants included in the registered trials, 448,359 (66.3%) patients’ data were scientifically collected by PRO instruments. Neurological diseases (11.8%), musculoskeletal symptoms (11.5%), mental health conditions (9.1%) were the most common conditions evaluated by PROMs. Disease-specific symptoms related concepts were used most frequently (51.3%), followed by health-related quality of life concepts. Visual analog scale, 36-item Short-Form Health Questionnaire, and TCM symptom score were the most common PROMs in these trials.Conclusion: In this cross-sectional study, the use of PROs increased in the past decades according to clinical trials of TCM conducted in mainland China. Considering that the application of PROs in clinical trials of TCM has some existing issues including uneven distribution and lack of normalized PROs of TCM, further study should be focused on the standardization and normalization of TCM-specific scales.