bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable artificial intelligence in ophthalmology
Authors: Tan Ting Fang , Dai Peilun , Zhang Xiaoman , Jin Liyuan , Poh Stanley , Hong Dylan , Lim Joshua , Lim Gilbert , Teo Zhen Ling , Liu Nan , Ting Daniel Shu Wei 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
Despite the growing scope of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) applications in the field of ophthalmology, most have yet to reach clinical adoption. Beyond model performance metrics, there has been an increasing emphasis on the need for explainability of proposed DL models.

Recent findings
Several explainable AI (XAI) methods have been proposed, and increasingly applied in ophthalmological DL applications, predominantly in medical imaging analysis tasks.

Summary
We summarize an overview of the key concepts, and categorize some examples of commonly employed XAI methods. Specific to ophthalmology, we explore XAI from a clinical perspective, in enhancing end-user trust, assisting clinical management, and uncovering new insights. We finally discuss its limitations and future directions to strengthen XAI for application to clinical practice.
Professional and Gender Differences in Job Stress
Authors: Kutebayev Talgat , Rakhimov Arman , Utaliyeva Zhanna 
Published: August 2023

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the level and sources of job stress among key business professionals such as economists, financiers, and accountants as well as among genders.

Methods
This cross-sectional study used the Job Stress Survey to collect data on job stress among 702 Kazakhstani business professionals who worked in both public and private organizations.

Results
Analysis revealed that the degree of severity and frequency of stress was not high for all business professionals. Results showed that financiers experienced higher stress than economists due to limited opportunity for advancement and disagreeable duties. The study also found that men economists and financiers were stressed from conflicts with other departments more than women of these professions.

Conclusions
Our findings provide insights for organizations about the potential ways of preventing and mitigating job stress.
Diagnostic and therapeutic effects of fluorescence cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging in bladder cancer: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Zhinan , Shi Hongjin , Luo Jiayu , Guo Xinquan , Wang Bo , Liu Yao , Yu Junjie 
Published: August 2023

Background:
This review aims to compare the efficacies of fluorescence cystoscopy, narrow-band imaging, and white-light cystoscopy in the treatment and diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from January 1990 to April 2022. A total of 26 randomized controlled studies and 22 prospective single-arm studies were selected. Most patients had non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The study protocol has been registered at PROSPERO.

Results:
In the pairwise meta-analysis, 5-aminolevulinic acid reduced the short- and long-term recurrence rates of bladder cancer compared with white light cystoscopy; however, no statistical difference was observed in intermediate-term recurrence rates(RR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.57, 1.09). Hexaminolevulinic acid and narrow-band imaging reduced short-, intermediate-, and long-term recurrence rates. The sensitivity of 5-aminolevulinic acid, hexaminolevulinic acid, narrow-band imaging and white light cystoscopy for bladder cancer were 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81–0.94), 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98), 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98), and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.70–0.79), respectively; however, only narrow-band imaging had the same specificity as white light cystoscopy(0.74 vs. 0.74). Compared with white light cystoscopy, 5-aminolevulinic acid improved the detection rate of carcinoma in situ and Ta stage bladder cancer but had no advantage in T1 stage tumors(OR=2.39, 95%CI:0.79, 7.19). Hexaminolevulinic acid and narrow-band imaging improved the detection rates of all non-muscular-invasive bladder cancers. In the network meta-analysis, there was no significant difference in either recurrence or detection rates between 5-aminolevulinic acid, hexaminolevulinic acid, and narrow-band imaging.

Conclusion:
Fluorescence cystoscopy and narrow-band imaging are advantageous for treating and diagnosing patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Anatomy segmentation in laparoscopic surgery: comparison of machine learning and human expertise – an experimental study
Authors: Kolbinger Fiona R. , Rinner Franziska M. , Jenke Alexander C. , Carstens Matthias , Krell Stefanie , Leger Stefan , Distler Marius , Weitz Jürgen , Speidel Stefanie , Bodenstedt Sebastian 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Lack of anatomy recognition represents a clinically relevant risk in abdominal surgery. Machine learning (ML) methods can help identify visible patterns and risk structures, however, their practical value remains largely unclear.

Materials and Methods:
Based on a novel dataset of 13195 laparoscopic images with pixel-wise segmentations of eleven anatomical structures, we developed specialized segmentation models for each structure and combined models for all anatomical structures using two state-of-the-art model architectures (DeepLabv3 and SegFormer), and compared segmentation performance of algorithms to a cohort of 28 physicians, medical students, and medical laypersons using the example of pancreas segmentation.

Results:
Mean Intersection-over-Union for semantic segmentation of intraabdominal structures ranged from 0.28 to 0.83 and from 0.23 to 0.77 for the DeepLabv3-based structure-specific and combined models, and from 0.31 to 0.85 and from 0.26 to 0.67 for the SegFormer-based structure-specific and combined models, respectively. Both the structure-specific and the combined DeepLabv3-based models are capable of near-real-time operation, while the SegFormer-based models are not. All four models outperformed at least 26 out of 28 human participants in pancreas segmentation.

Conclusions:
These results demonstrate that ML methods have the potential to provide relevant assistance in anatomy recognition in minimally-invasive surgery in near-real-time. Future research should investigate the educational value and subsequent clinical impact of respective assistance systems.
Long-Term Outcomes of Aortic Valve Replacement in Dialysis Patients – A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Fu Hsun-Yi , Wang Ting-Chuan , Wang Chih-Hsien , Chou Nai-Kuan , Wu I-Hui , Hsu Ron-Bin , Huang Shu-Chien , Yu Hsi-Yu , Chen Yih-Sharng , Chi Nai-Hsin 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Improved durability of modern biologic prostheses and growing experience with the transcatheter valve-in-valve technique have contributed to a substantial increase in the use of bioprostheses in younger patients. However, discussion of prosthetic valve selection in dialysis patients remains scarce as the guidelines are updated. This study aims to compare long-term outcomes between propensity score-matched cohorts of dialysis patients who underwent primary aortic valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis or a bioprosthesis.

Materials and methods:
Longitudinal data of dialysis patients who underwent primary aortic valve replacement between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2018, were retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research Database.

Results:
A total of 891 eligible patients were identified, of whom 243 ideally matched pairs of patients were analyzed. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.40) or incidence of major adverse prosthesis-related events between the two groups (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.25). In patients younger than 50 years of age, using a mechanical prosthesis was associated with a significantly longer survival time across 10 years of follow-up than using a bioprosthesis (restricted mean survival time (RMST)) at 10 years: 7.24 (95% CI 6.33-8.14) years for mechanical prosthesis vs. 5.25 (95% CI 4.25-6.25) years for bioprosthesis, RMST difference 1.99 years, 95% CI −3.34 to −0.64).

Conclusion:
A 2-year survival gain in favor of mechanical prostheses was identified in dialysis patients younger than 50 years. We suggest mechanical prostheses for aortic valve replacement in these younger patients.
New insights into the glycobiology of immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Tiemeyer Katherine H. , Kuter David J. , Cairo Christopher W. , Hollenhorst Marie A. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose of review
The platelet surface harbors a lush forest of glycans (carbohydrate polymers) attached to membrane proteins and lipids. Accumulating evidence suggests that these glycans may be relevant to the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Here, we critically evaluate data that point to a possible role for loss of sialic acid in driving platelet clearance in ITP, comment on the potential use of neuraminidase inhibitors for treatment of ITP, and highlight open questions in this area.

Recent findings
Multiple lines of evidence suggest a role for loss of platelet sialic acid in the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia. Recent work has tested the hypothesis that neuraminidase-mediated cleavage of platelet sialic acid may trigger clearance of platelets in ITP. Some clinical evidence supports efficacy of the viral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in ITP, which is surprising given its lack of activity against human neuraminidases.

Summary
Further study of platelet glycobiology in ITP is necessary to fill key knowledge gaps. A deeper understanding of the roles of platelet glycans in ITP pathophysiology will help to guide development of novel therapies.
Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: A Case Report and Literature Review of a Rare Pediatric Disorder From Pakistan
Authors: Sarfraz Saliha , Wali Rabia Muhammad , Jameel Madiha 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is a rare pediatric disorder driven by the Epstein-Barr virus and is considered as a part of the lymphoma spectrum. It is mostly associated with immune deficiency and patients on immunosuppressive therapy, especially with acute leukemia. It can present as a multisystemic disease, diagnosed on biopsy as atypical lymphocytes with an angiocentric pattern against a background composed of histiocytes, neutrophils, and extensive T-cell infiltration.

Observation:
We report 3 cases of children with Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, one with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Conclusion:
Combination chemotherapy was used for the treatment of Lymphomatoid granulomatosis; however, the prognosis is guarded. One of 3 patients is alive and in remission on the last follow-up visit at 15 months.
Age Disparities in Access to First and Repeat Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Chen Yusi , Churilla Bryce , Ahn JiYoon B. , Quint Evelien E. , Sandal Shaifali , Musunuru Amrusha , Pol Robert A. , Hladek Melissa D. , Crews Deidra C. , Segev Dorry L. , McAdams-DeMarco Mara 
Published: August 2023

Background.
Evidence suggests that older patients are less frequently placed on the waiting list for kidney transplantation (KT) than their younger counterparts. The trends and magnitude of this age disparity in access to first KT and repeat KT (re-KT) remain unclear.

Methods.
Using the US Renal Data System, we identified 2 496 743 adult transplant-naive dialysis patients and 110 338 adult recipients with graft failure between 1995 and 2018. We characterized the secular trends of age disparities and used Cox proportional hazard models to compare the chances of listing and receiving first KT versus re-KT by age (18–64 y versus ≥65 y).

Results.
Older transplant-naive dialysis patients were less likely to be listed (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.18) and receive first KT (aHR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.89) compared with their younger counterparts. Additionally, older patients with graft failure had a lower chance of being listed (aHR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.38-0.41) and receiving re-KT (aHR = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.81). The magnitude of the age disparity in being listed for first KT was greater than that for re-KT (P
interaction < 0.001), and there were no differences in the age disparities in receiving first KT or re-KT (P
interaction = 0.13). Between 1995 and 2018, the age disparity in listing for first KT reduced significantly (P < 0.001), but the age disparities in re-KT remained the same (P = 0.16).

Conclusions.
Age disparities exist in access to both first KT and re-KT; however, some of this disparity is attenuated among older adults with graft failure. As the proportion of older patients with graft failure rises, a better understanding of factors that preclude their candidacy and identification of appropriate older patients are needed.
Melatonin induces endoreduplication through oxidative DNA-damage triggering lateral root formation in onions
Authors: Maity Sukhendu , Guchhait Rajkumar , Pramanick Kousik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMelatonin (Mel) can regulate lateral root formation, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of Mel-induced lateral root formation are indistinct. This study first time reports the potential ability of melatonin to induce endoreduplication, which in turn could play important roles in developmental reprogramming in plants towards lateral root formation. Pursuant to the results, Mel induces the lateral root formation in onions in a dose-dependent manner with the highest root forming potential in the high concentration (50 µM) of Mel. In consistent with the lateral root formation, the ROS generation in this dose was significantly higher than the control and a low dose (5 µM Mel, Mel_1) group. Co-treatment of ascorbic acid (AsA) with Mel in Mel_2 + AsA group can effectively scavenge the Mel_2 induced ROS, which results in a reduced number of lateral root formation in the co-treatment group. The higher levels of H2O2and superoxide in Mel_2 further strengthen the previous report on the role of ROS in lateral root formation. An increase in DNA content was also observed in the Mel_2 group consistent with the level of ROS-induced DNA-damage, suggesting that ROS can induce lateral root formation through oxidative DNA-damage stress and resulting endoreduplication. The results of gene expression analysis through qRT-PCR provide supporting evidence that melatonin, in a dose-dependent manner, can arrest cell-cycle, initiating the endoreduplication cycle in response to oxidative DNA-damage. Observed low level of IAA in primary root tip indicates the DNA-damage and cytokinin-dependent inhibition of auxin polar transport, causing localised IAA accumulation in the zone of differentiation due to auxin bio-synthesis, which in turn triggers lateral root formation in this region in corroboration with endoreduplication and ROS.
Modeling fracture in brittle materials by higher-order phase field method using C1 non-Sibsonian interpolants
Authors: Prusty Aurojyoti , Rajagopal Amirtham 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis study implements the fourth-order phase field method (PFM) for modeling fracture in brittle materials. The weak form of the fourth-order PFM requires C1 basis functions for the crack evolution scalar field in a finite element framework. To address this, non-Sibsonian type shape functions that are nonpolynomial types based on distance measures, are used in the context of natural neighbor shape functions. The capability and efficiency of this method are studied for modeling cracks.Design/methodology/approachThe weak form of the fourth-order PFM is derived from two governing equations for finite element modeling. C0 non-Sibsonian shape functions are derived using distance measures on a generalized quad element. Then these shape functions are degree elevated with Bernstein-Bezier (BB) patch to get higher-order continuity (C1) in the shape function. The quad element is divided into several background triangular elements to apply the Gauss-quadrature rule for numerical integration. Both fourth-order and second-order PFMs are implemented in a finite element framework. The efficiency of the interpolation function is studied in terms of convergence and accuracy for capturing crack topology in the fourth-order PFM.FindingsIt is observed that fourth-order PFM has higher accuracy and convergence than second-order PFM using non-Sibsonian type interpolants. The former predicts higher failure loads and failure displacements compared to the second-order model due to the addition of higher-order terms in the energy equation. The fracture pattern is realistic when only the tensile part of the strain energy is taken for fracture evolution. The fracture pattern is also observed in the compressive region when both tensile and compressive energy for crack evolution are taken into account, which is unrealistic. Length scale has a certain specific effect on the failure load of the specimen.Originality/valueFourth-order PFM is implemented using C1 non-Sibsonian type of shape functions. The derivation and implementation are carried out for both the second-order and fourth-order PFM. The length scale effect on both models is shown. The better accuracy and convergence rate of the fourth-order PFM over second-order PFM are studied using the current approach. The critical difference between the isotropic phase field and the hybrid phase field approach is also presented to showcase the importance of strain energy decomposition in PFM.
The influence of advertisement humor on new product purchase intention: mediation by emotional arousal and cognitive flexibility
Authors: Du Weiyu , Shen Xin , Durmusoglu Serdar S. , Li Jinjin 
Published: August 2023

PurposeAdvertisements facilitate certain emotions, subsequently influencing purchase intentions. Humor, as an influential way of information expression, is frequently used in ads to elicit emotions. Drawing upon literature on advertisement humor and new product purchase intention and the theory of planned behavior, the study proposes that humor stimulation in advertisements can affect consumers' new product purchase intentions, in which two process mechanisms, namely, emotional arousal and cognitive flexibility, play a mediating effect.Design/methodology/approachTo test the assertions, the authors conduct three experimental studies. The authors' first study assesses the main effect between advertisement humor and purchase intentions. In the second study, the authors show the mediating effects of emotional pleasure, emotional arousal, and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between advertisement humor and purchase intentions. In the first two experiments, the authors study incremental new products. In the third study, the authors study the same mediating relationships for radically new products.FindingsThis study's results show consumers that watch humorous ads are more likely to choose new products than those who watch non-humorous ads (Study 1); compared with non-humorous ads, humorous ads can enhance emotional arousal, thus promoting cognitive flexibility and making consumers more inclined to choose new products (Study 2 and Study 3). That said, the authors find that these mediation effects are only partial.Originality/valueThis study's results have important implications for firms vying to enhance consumers' new product purchase intentions by deploying humorous ads.
Mental health literacy training for college female peer mentors: a pilot study
Authors: Biber Duke , Rothman Rachel 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate an online mental health literacy training program for college female mentors.Design/methodology/approachUndergraduate female participants (n = 10) completed in asynchronous mental health literacy training. Participants completed the Heads Up Checkup (HCU) and mental health literacy scale (MHLS). Participant usage data were collected for the training course and analyzed using means and standard deviations. Qualitative data were analyzed by axial coding and thematic categorization.FindingsThe mean MHLS score, based on mean (M) and standard deviation (SD), was high for the participants (M = 145.69, SD = 8.41). Six qualitative themes from the training effectiveness feedback were used: (1) help-seeking, (2) stress management, (3) tailored guidance to resources, (4) understanding warning signs, (5) body image awareness and (6) engaging with mentees.Research limitations/implicationsThere are a few limitations to this study including the small sample size, unrestricted time frame for completion of the asynchronous training and the need for long-term follow-up of the intervention effects.Practical implicationsThis pilot study provides initial support for the mental health literacy training program when implemented with undergraduate females.Social implicationsGiven inadequate mental health literacy in college females regarding such topics, continually training undergraduates about these warning signs is necessary. Future research could consider implementing this program with all gender identities, various age groups and in both synchronous and asynchronous modalities. This program could also be replicated using a pre- and post-test design to evaluate direct impact of the training on outcome variables.Originality/valueAll the participants discussed how the training prepared them in aiding mentees in help-seeking and identifying appropriate mental health resources. Participants also indicated how the training enabled personal and others-oriented stress management, which supports a mental health literacy training program that reduced stress in medical students.
A numerical model with nonuniform grids for the analysis of dynamic characteristics of scratched tilting-pad bearings
Authors: Fan Bowen , Yuan Keke , Chen Wei , Qi Shemiao , Liu Yi , Liu Heng 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to present a numerical model for scratched tilting-pad bearings (STPBs) with nonuniform grids. In addition, the model is used to reveal the effects of the structural parameters of bearings on the dynamic characteristics of STPBs under impact loading.

Design/methodology/approach
By combining the Reynolds equation, the flow balance equation and the assumption of adiabatic bearings and shafts, a thermo-hydrodynamic model with nonuniform grids of scratched journal bearings was built. Describing the motion of the shaft using the Euler method and introducing the pad-tilting-angle modification equation, a dynamic model of STPBs was established.

Findings
The occurrence of scratches in tilting-pad bearings yields great sensitivity to impact loading. Less width-to-diameter ratio and larger clearance ratio reduce the minimum film thickness and enlarge the maximum film pressure, which may lead to bearing collision or abrasion. Moreover, STPBs with larger clearance ratios take longer to recover from impact loading.

Originality/value
This work is original and a valuable reference for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of STPBs. The effects of other factors on the dynamic characteristics of STPBs can be further investigated based on this model.