bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic utility of DNA integrity number as an indicator of sufficient DNA quality in next-generation sequencing–based genomic profiling
Authors: Hiramatsu Kaho , Matsuda Chiaki , Masago Katsuhiro , Toriyama Kazuhiro , Sasaki Eiichi , Fujita Yasuko , Haneda Masataka , Ebi Hiromichi , Shibata Noriko , Hosoda Waki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesDNA integrity number (DIN) is a metric for assessing DNA degradation, calculated based on electrophoresis using the Agilent TapeStation System. The utility of DIN as a diagnostic indicator of sufficient DNA quality in clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS) has not been well described.MethodsWe evaluated the DINs of 166 tumor formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples submitted for 124-gene panel sequencing. We also investigated a new metric on the electropherogram that could improve the predictive accuracy of the DIN.ResultsA DIN cutoff of 2.5 discriminated samples with successful analysis (n = 143) from samples with failed analysis (n = 23), with a sensitivity of 0.84 and a specificity of 0.78 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88). The DIN was positively correlated with the mean coverage (r = 0.72, P &lt; .0001) but could not discriminate success from failure when the DIN was below 2.5 (negative predictive value, 0.44). We introduced a new metric, the peak/base ratio, that distinguished success from failure with higher accuracy than the DIN (cutoff = 1.6; sensitivity = 0.98, specificity = 0.83, and AUC =0.96).ConclusionsTo predict successful NGS, the DNA quality of FFPE tissue can be easily and reliably assessed using the DIN and peak/base ratio.
Dickens and Shakespeare and Longfellow, Oh My!: Staging the Fan Canon at the Nineteenth-Century Authors’ Carnivals
Authors: D’Alessandro Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Beginning in the 1870s, the short-lived fad of “Authors’ Carnivals” swept through American cities. At each carnival, hundreds of locals costumed themselves as famous literary characters, performing amateur theatricals and tableaux vivants based on their favorite books. Unexpected character combinations frequently appeared on the same stage. Shakespeare’s Falstaff stood beside Dickens’s Little Nell; Longfellow’s Hiawatha rubbed shoulders with Old Mother Goose. For attendees, these events offered peculiar thrills. Similar to today’s fan conventions and cosplay events, participants engaged their cherished texts anew through physical enactment. Meanwhile, spectators could witness the totality of their reading experiences within a single shared space. Amateur play suddenly brought so many literary works to three-dimensional life—and all at once.
Despite their amusements, however, the carnivals also fell short of loftier goals. First, organizers sought to advance a definitive literary canon in America, but they only affirmed Eurocentric texts that no longer dominated the marketplace. Second, the events might have produced an innovative form of theater, yet clumsy staging and spectatorial disorientation stymied these efforts. Thus, the authors’ carnivals left behind not only a legacy of spectacular fandom but also one of squandered cultural potential.US authors’ carnivals finally demonstrate[d] both the possibilities and the shortcomings of the nineteenth-century cultural imagination. . . . [D]espite their estimable amusements . . . the carnivals ultimately proved resistant to the literary and theatrical cultures they intended to bolster.
Sympathy in Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Our Discipline
Authors: Halpern Faye 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This essay situates Marianne Noble’s Rethinking Sympathy and Human Contact in Nineteenth-Century American Literature: Hawthorne, Douglass, Stowe, Dickinson (2019) and Hannah Walser’s Writing the Mind: Social Cognition in Nineteenth-Century American Fiction (2022) in the current conversation our discipline has been having about sympathy/empathy. Noble and Walser describe ways of knowing other minds that avoid the dangers the discipline has associated with sympathy/empathy—foremost among them, the harm that comes from the assumption on the part of a witness to suffering that they can understand exactly what the sufferer is feeling. Noble finds in a group of nineteenth-century authors a conceptualization of sympathy that honors the differences between people and a state of benevolent not-knowing; Walser investigates how an overlapping cluster of nineteenth-century authors depicts ways of knowing other minds that do not require mind-reading. By making explicit the extent to which Noble’s and Walser’s exhilarating, rigorous studies align with our discipline’s association of empathy with a myriad of ethical harms, this essay seeks to carve out a space outside of this antipathy and suggest that literary sympathy can be seen as a narrative resource, with unpredetermined ethical effects, rather than an inevitable ethical lapse.This antipathy [towards empathy] has left the literary scholar with three options regarding [it]: (1) one can point out its dangers and offer more salubrious methods for interpersonal connection; (2) one can try to rescue empathy by demonstrating there are other ways of conceptualizing it; or (3) one can defend it.
4 Standardization of Devices, Methods and Units of Measurement of Infectious and Non-Infectious Bioaerosols in the Workplace: Literature Review
Authors: Larson Stephen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is currently a disconnect between the occupational hygienist and the epidemiologist in establishing quantitative relationships between exposure and resulting acute and chronic diseases. This disconnect is the result of a lack of standardization for assessing worker exposure to pathogenic biological agents. Specifically, there are numerous combinations of devices, analytical methods and units of measurement used in hygiene and epidemiological studies that prevent study to study comparisons and development of a uniform body of knowledge. Several recent reviews have concluded that occupational exposure limits for biological agents cannot be established due to this lack of standardization. The problem is exacerbated by the fact that most studies use area monitoring rather than breathing zone monitoring, a known source of error in defining worker dose. This review will use specific agents such as Legionella, Coccidioides, Endotoxin, Metalworking Fluid Mist, Flour Dust and Compost Dust to define the problem and suggest possible solutions.
95 Local Scale Exposure and Fate of Engineered Nanomaterials
Authors: Poikkimäki Mikko , Quik Joris T K , Säämänen Arto , Maso Miikka Dal 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanotechnology is a growing megatrend in industrial production and innovations. Many applications utilize engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) that are potentially released into the atmospheric environment, e.g., via direct stack emissions from production facilities, and may have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Previous modeling approaches have focused on large regional compartments, into which the released ENMs are evenly mixed. However, due to the localization of the ENM release and removal processes, potentially higher airborne concentrations and deposition fluxes are obtained around the production facilities. Therefore, we compare the ENM concentrations from a dispersion model to those from the uniformly mixed compartment approach. For realistic release scenarios, we based the modeling on the case study measurement data from two ENM handling facilities. In addition, we calculated the distances, at which 50% of the ENMs are deposited, serving as a physically relevant metric to separate the local scale from the regional scale, thus indicating the size of the high exposure and risk region near the facility. As a result, we suggest a local scale compartment to be implemented in the multicompartment nanomaterial exposure models. We also present a computational tool for local exposure assessment that could be included to regulatory guidance and existing risk governance networks. A related research article is currently under peer-review (Poikkimäki et al. 2022, submitted).
103 ‘Remote Workplaces’ – How Wirelessly Connected Wearable Monitoring Devices Provide Insight and Context to the Occupational Hygienist on Potential Workplace Exposures
Authors: Todorovic Aleks 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Over the past decade wearable devices have been popular amongst the wider population, particularly within the domestic fitness market. Manufacturers of occupational hygiene monitoring equipment have recently released wirelessly enabled wearable instruments designed for the industrial workforce that can provide data in real-time from local or remote workplaces. These instruments include portable gas detectors, heat stress monitors, noise dosimeters and hand arm vibration monitors. Occupational hygienists may be responsible for a company that has multiple sites often widely scattered, nationally and internationally. In their role they may be required to fly offshore to visit platforms in the oil and gas sector or drive long distances to reach isolated mine sites. The costs and additional travel risks can be considerable. Additionally, any interruptions in monitoring personal exposures on site may render the trip unsuccessful. Wearable instruments allow the occupational hygienist to detect change in a remote workplace in real-time, alerting the wearer and hygienist to an issue that needs to be addressed, enabling mitigation to take place in a timely manner. Furthermore, receiving instant access to sensor data allows determination of the correct response to unique, uncommon or unplanned maintenance activities that would be difficult to capture. This paper will review some of these monitoring devices, associated software and data outputs. Other technology currently available to the occupational hygienists to monitor for workplace hazards at remote worksites will also be addressed including: Their suitability for exposure assessments, use to evaluate controls, their limitations, and their long-term viability as a tool in the hygienist’s toolbox.
104 Application of CFD Simulation for Development Cyclone Samplers
Authors: Misiulia Dzmitry , Lidén Göran , Antonyuk Sergiy 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aerosol sampling is one of the largest and growing application areas of small-scale cyclone separators. A series of limit values are already or will be reduced in the future and therefore there is a need for samplers operating at larger flow rates that can collect the required amount of particles for analysis at lower aerosol concentrations. Therefore, the main goal of this work was to develop and validate a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model that can be used for simulation and optimisation of cyclone samplers. For aerosol flow modelling the Euler-Lagrange method was applied where the continuous phase is treated in an Eulerian manner, whereas the dispersed phase is treated in a Lagrangian approach. For a proper simulation of the flow field, the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) technique was used. A dynamic Smagorinsky-Lilly model was applied to calculate subgrid-scale turbulence. The developed model was validated on two cyclone samplers, a 9.5 mm in diameter sampling cyclone of the HD design and a 23 mm in diameter FSP 10 cyclone. For that, the simulated performance characteristics, such as a cut-size, a slope of the penetration curve, and the pressure drop, were compared with the experimental measurements. The simulation results agree well with experimental data. The deviation in cut-size, the slope of the penetration curve, and the pressure drop between the experimental data and LES simulations of the HD cyclone do not exceed 7%, 18.4%, and 10.3% respectively. Regarding the FSP10 cyclone, the deviations in cyclone performance characteristics are even lower.
114 Development of High Volume Personal Aerosol Samplers
Authors: Möhlmann Carsten , Sakowsky Hendrik , Vossen Katja , Beisser Renate , von der Heyden Thomas , Breuer Dietmar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The tendency for decreasing a series of occupational exposure limit values is seen the last years. Especially metal species are linked to a larger health effect in latest toxicological assessments. These changes imply further reductions of the limits of quantification for both the sampling and analysis methods. The personal sampling methods (as a set of sampler, filter and pump) used today comprise air flows up to 10 l/min. In order to achieve higher amounts of sampled aerosols an airflow of 20 l/min is aimed for a new set of samplers for the inhalable and respirable dust fraction. This also enables shorter sampling times than a full shift, e.g. task based exposure assessment. A small set of prototypes was designed to go into testing. A filter size of 47 mm was chosen to realise a higher dust load and an acceptable pressure drop for a personal air sampling pump. Such a pump was recently developed and is now available. Samplers for the inhalable fraction with different numbers and orientation of orifices are tested in a calm air dust chamber and a wind tunnel according to the test standard EN 13205 in the particle size range up to 100 µm. A cyclone design according to the GK family of cyclones (Mesalabs) was chosen to meet the respirable convention. First test results will be shown, either in comparison with validated samplers or in terms of the sampling efficiency in dependence of the aerodynamic diameter.
115 Laboratory Performances of the CIP 10 Personal Aerosol Sampler for the Collection of Submicron Particles
Authors: Simon Xavier , Boivin Alexis , Sutter Benjamin , Witschger Olivier , Bau Sébastien 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The CIP 10 is a personal aerosol sampler designed to sample conventional dust or specific occupational inorganic or organic substances such as crystalline silica, isocyanates or mycotoxins. It is widespread used, especially in France. Within the CIP10, the rotating cup contains a porous polyurethane foam devoted to the collection of airborne particles and rotates inside its housing at a speed close to 6700 rpm to induce a 7 or 10 L/min sampling airflow, depending on the particle-size selector. Despite several published works regarding its physical performances, no experimental data exist regarding the sampling efficiency for submicron particles. This study aimed to measure the collection efficiency of the CIP 10 for different types of foam (60 or 75 ppi, functionalized or not) and for the three selectors (inhalable, thoracic, respirable). Polydisperse particles with aerodynamic diameters between 20 nm and 10 µm were produced using various generators and different materials (DEHS, glass beads) in a specific test rig. For a given diameter, the collection efficiency was calculated by comparing the number concentrations measured alternatively upstream and downstream of the rotating cup, using APS (TSI 3321) or SMPS (Grimm DMA Vienna Type, CPC 5.403) spectrometers. While collection efficiency was 100% for particles &gt; 3 µm, it progressively decreased to around 50 % and even below 10 % for aerodynamic diameters of 800 mm and 150 nm, respectively. Collection efficiency was unaffected by the type of foam or sampler flow rate used. Bias maps and consequences on workers aerosol exposure assessment will be discussed.
141 Total Reactive Isocyanate Group (Trig) Measurement – a Commentary
Authors: Johnson Paul , McConnachie Glen 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Exposure to airborne isocyanates has, for decades, been a leading cause of occupational. As respiratory sensitisers, isocyanates can induce allergic respiratory diseases with symptoms persisting even without further exposure. As this cause of occupational asthma is recognised it should be almost entirely preventable. In several countries isocyanates are assigned occupational exposure limits based on the total of reactive isocyanate groups (TRIG). The measurement of TRIG has some significant advantages over the measurement of individual isocyanate compounds. This exposure metric is explicit, simplifying calculations and comparisons across published data. It reduces the risk of underestimating exposure by ‘missing’ important isocyanate compounds that may be present but are not the target analytes. It allows for quantification of exposure to complex mixtures of isocyanates, di-isocyanates monomers, prepolymers, polyisocyanates, oligomers, and/or intermediate forms. This is becoming increasingly important as more complex isocyanate products are being used in the workplace. There are many methods and techniques for measuring air concentrations / potential exposure to isocyanates. Several established methods have been standardised and published as International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods. While some may be applied directly for determination of TRIG, others (developed for determination of individual isocyanates), require modification. This presentation aims to highlight the relative merits and limitations of those methods capable of determining TRIG and also considers potential future developments.
6 P-Cymene Formation by Oxidation of Cyclohexadiene Monoterpenes – a Pitfall in Air Sampling of Terpenes
Authors: Fauss Jürgen , Reinmuth Claudia , Weigl Matthias 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
It has been known for a long time that certain terpenes are sensitive to oxidation. Especially in the presence of small amounts, as is the case in the environment or indoors, changes occur due to UV light or ozone exposition. Various oxidized products have also been detected when sampling low terpene concentrations using Tenax® tubes and subsequent thermal desorption. Here we show that carrying out common air sampling of monoterpenes in the lower ppm range on charcoal tubes, the atmospheric oxygen is sufficient to oxidize the most sensitive terpenes to a considerable extent, forming almost exclusively p-cymene. As expected, the extent of aromatization was strongest in the terpenes with a double unsaturated ring system such as α- or γ-terpinene or α-phellandrene while p-menthene or limonene were not affected. We studied the influence of sampling time, temperature, humidity and storage time of the coated tubes. Simultaneously conducted experiments with thermal desorption in the ppb range showed a significantly reduced p-cymene formation compared to the activated charcoal results. Our findings were confirmed by air samples of terpenes taken during the grinding of nutmegs. The concentrations of p-cymene determined were significantly higher than the terpene pattern of nutmeg oil would have suggested. Thus, the detection of p-cymene during air sampling may be an artifact caused by the presence of cyclohexadiene monoterpenes. This is particularly important because p-cymene is often used as an internal standard in terpene analysis thus preventing its artifact formation from being noticed.
29 Estimating Respirable Dust Exposure from Inhalable Dust Exposure
Authors: Wippich Cornelia , Breuer Dietmar , Rissler Jörg , Koppisch Dorothea 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
From the exposition database ‘MEGA’, established by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the German Social Accident Insurance, measurements of inhalable dust (n=103 825) and respirable dust (n=222 501) were selected to create conversion functions of inhalable to respirable dust concentrations in different workplaces. These functions are important for exposure assessment or retrospective evaluations of exposure situations and for epidemiologic studies, when just one fraction was analyzed. For the determination of the conversion functions, 15 120 pairs of inhalable and respirable dust, which were measured in parallel, were formed. The assignment was done considering various variables such as sampling date and time or workplaces. The measured values were log-transformed and a linear regression analysis was done, calculating a conversion function for the whole dataset with an adjusted R2 &gt; 0.580 and R&gt;0.760. On the basis of technical information, the dataset was divided into different dust groups considering material and working activities as relevant variables, resulting in six working activity, three material, four working activity-material combination and eleven heuristic groups. For each of these groups a conversion function was calculated as well and will be described in the presentation. The models admissibility was evaluated by examining the assumptions of linear regression such as no autocorrelation, normal distribution of residuals and variance homogeneity. On the basis of that, future measurements in different workplaces and the dust exposure can easier be evaluated, when measurements of just one fractions were made and the other can be estimated using the conversion functions.
100 Lightweight Air Sampling Badge for Material-Specific Monitoring of Workplace Aerosol Exposure
Authors: Schweinar Kevin , Manole Mihaela , Szakács Zoltán , Bieri Rudolf 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Monitoring occupational exposure to hazardous airborne materials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene is an inevitable element of every risk mitigation strategy to protect employees. Conventional air samplers are often bulky, need to be operated by trained personnel and results are not available on-site. Here, we address these issues and introduce the patented Stat Peel Identifier system comprised of portable, lightweight sampling badges and a fully automatized Raman spectroscopy-based bench-top reader. This presentation is focused on the characterization of our air sampling badge and its capabilities in combination with our reader. The badges feature silent micro air pumps and a series of sensors to monitor flow rate, temperature, relative humidity, TVOC and movement during sampling. Filtration slides provide the means for inertia-based particle separation and deposition onto collection membranes optimized for efficient particle retention and inspection with Raman spectroscopy. The sampling characteristic of the badges closely follows the respirable convention according to ISO 7708 with an average sampler bias below 10%. Our analytical approach to quantify the collected particles using Raman spectroscopy and in-house developed analysis routines provide unprecedented sensitivity and material-specificity enabling e.g., the unambiguous distinction between CNTs and carbon black. The Identifier system provides fast results directly on-site and facilitates continuous monitoring and recording of long-term exposure histories for locations and employees. Lastly, recent advancements in the development of our respirable sampler towards a combined respirable/thoracic sampler are discussed in the context of emerging fields of application ranging from RCS to active pharmaceutical ingredients and modern battery materials.