bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Markers for Major Complications at Day-One Postoperative in Fast-Track Metabolic Surgery: Updated Metabolic Checklist
Authors: Hart J. W. H. ‘t , Takken R. , Hogewoning C. R. C. , Biter L. U. , Apers J. A. , Zengerink H. , Dunkelgrün M. , Verhoef C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
In fast-track metabolic surgery, the window to identify complications is narrow. Postoperative checklists can be useful tools in the decision-making of safe early discharge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of a checklist used in metabolic surgery.

Methods
Retrospective data from June 2018 to January 2021 was collected on all patients that underwent metabolic surgery in a high-volume bariatric hospital in the Netherlands. Patients without an available checklist were excluded. The primary outcome was major complications and the secondary outcomes were minor complications, readmission, and unplanned hospital visits within 30 days postoperatively.

Results
Major complications within 30 days postoperatively occurred in 62/1589 (3.9%) of the total included patients. An advise against early discharge was significantly more seen in patients with major complications compared to those without major complications (90.3% versus 48.1%, P < 0.001, respectively), and a negative checklist (advice for discharge) had a negative predictive value of 99.2%. The area under the curve for the total checklist was 0.80 (P < 0.001). Using a cut-off value of ≥3 positive points, the sensitivity and specificity were 65% and 82%, respectively. Individual parameters from the checklist: oral intake, mobilization, calf pain, willingness for discharge, heart rate, drain (>30 ml/24 h), hemoglobin, and leukocytes count were also significantly different between groups.

Conclusion
This checklist is a valuable tool to decide whether patients can be safely discharged early. Heart rate appeared to be the most predictive parameter for the development of major complications. Future studies should conduct prediction models to identify patients at risk for major complications.

Graphical Abstract
Nephrectomy for xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis—a not-so-simple solution
Authors: Kelly Caroline , Anderson Steven , Looney Aisling , Shannon Naomi , Senaratne Radha , O’Connor Eabhann , Breen Kieran , Lennon Gerald , McGuire Barry , Murphy Michael , Moran Diarmaid , Galvin David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare chronic inflammatory condition of the kidney, associated with high patient morbidity, often requiring targeted antibiotic therapy and surgical removal of the affected kidney.

Aim
We report the outcomes of patients undergoing nephrectomy for XGP in our institution over a 12-year period.

Methods
Following ethical approval, a retrospective review of histological samples of renal tissue demonstrating features of XGP from June 2010 to 2022 was conducted. Laboratory, imaging, and clinical data of included participants were collected.

Results
Eleven patients were included (8 women, 3 men), mean age of 58.1 (35–81). Recurrent urinary tract infection was the most common clinical presentation (55%, n = 6). Other presentations included flank pain (36%, n = 4), collection/ abscess (45%, n = 5), and nephro-cutaneous fistulae (9%, n = 1). The majority of patients had bacteriuria (91%, n = 10), and Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria isolated (55%, n = 6). Antibiotic resistance was seen in 60% of positive urine samples (n = 6). An open nephrectomy was performed in all but one case (91%, n = 10). A postoperative complication occurred in 73% (n = 8), with 50% (n = 4) of complications Clavien Dindo grade 3 or higher, including one patient mortality.

Conclusions
XGP is a difficult and complex condition to treat. All patients in this series presented with infection or associated sequelae thereof. Complex XGP cases therefore often require open nephrectomy and have high rates of postoperative complications. Careful consideration of antibiotic and operative intervention is therefore essential to ensure the best outcome for these patients.
The T1D Index: Implications of Initial Results, Data Limitations, and Future Development
Authors: Ogle Graham D. , Gregory Gabriel A , Wang Fei , Robinson Thomas IG , Maniam Jayanthi , Magliano Dianna J , Orchard Trevor John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Current global information on incidence, prevalence, and mortality of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To address this gap in evidence, JDRF, Life for a Child, International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, and International Diabetes Federation have developed the T1D Index, which uses a Markov mathematical model, and machine learning and all available data to provide global estimates of the burden on T1D. This review assesses the methodology, limitations, current findings, and future directions of the Index.

Recent Findings
Global prevalence was estimated at 8.4 million in 2021, with 1.5 million <20 years (y). T1D prevalence varied from 1.5 to 534 per 100,000, with T1D accounting for <0.1–17.8% of all diabetes in different countries. A total of 35,000 young people <25 y are estimated to have died at clinical onset of T1D from non-diagnosis. An estimated 435,000 people <25 y were receiving “minimal care.” Health-adjusted life years (HALYs) lost for individuals diagnosed with T1D at age 10 y in 2021 ranged from 14 to 55 y.

Summary
These results show that interventions to reduce deaths from non-diagnosis, and improve access to at least an intermediate care level, are needed to reduce projected life years lost. The results have significant uncertainties due to incomplete data across the required inputs. Obtaining recent incidence, prevalence, and mortality data, as well as addressing data quality issues, misdiagnoses, and the lack of adult data, is essential for maintaining and improving accuracy. The index will be updated regularly as new data become available.
Die Corona Pandemie in Deutschland
Authors: Rendtel Ulrich 
Published: August 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel präsentiert die Resultate der Grohmann Vorlesung, die am Ende der Corona Pandemie in Deuschland gehalten wurde. Er gibt einen Überblick über die Defizite des Monitorings der Pandemie in Deutschland und schlägt Alternativen vor, wie man bei zukünftigen Pandemien verfahren sollte. Der Artikel analysiert die Schwächen des offiziellen Meldesystems der Inzidenzzahlen und der Vorhersagen von Erkrankungsfällen. Die Vorgehensweise der wissenschaftlichen Kommission zur Evaluierung der Corona Schutzmaßnahmen wird kontrastiert mit alternativen Ansätzen und Ergebnissen. Schließlich werden weitere Zugänge zum Monitoring über Abwasserproben und repräsentative Stichproben vorgestellt. Der Artikel schließt mit einem Plädoyer für eine stärkere Rolle von Statistikern bei Entscheidungen über zukünftige Pandemien.
Facing the Dilemma of the Out-of-Field Teaching Phenomenon in Vocational Education and Training (VET)
Authors: Nakar Sonal , Du Plessis Anna Elizabeth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a rapidly changing workforce environment with skill shortages and a need for different pathways to training and education, vocational education and training (VET) has a significant influence on building stability in the workforce. The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of the causes, implications, and consequences of the out-of-field teaching phenomenon for VET. This phenomenological study examines VET teachers’ lived experiences and professional identity as an approach for studying out-of-field teaching in VET. The findings highlight the complex nature of out-of-field teaching in the economic culture of VET, with unique dilemmas. VET teachers experience conflicting and dilemmatic situations regarding occupational professionalism when they are expected to teach outside of their expertise while they are held responsible for students’ safe learning environments, outcomes, and satisfaction. The study revealed aspects of harmonious and tensioned relationships between these elements of the work and teachers’ identities. In conclusion, evidence-informed strategies are shared to support teachers’ capacity building and approaches to address concerns of the out-of-field phenomenon and the influence it has on quality teaching in VET.
Comparison study of a landslide-event hazard mapping using a multi-approach of fuzzy logic, TRIGRS model, and support vector machine in a data-scarce Andes Mountain region
Authors: Vega Johnny , Hidalgo Cesar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLandslides are a significant global hazard, especially prevalent in regions with high rainfall, active tectonic processes, and rugged topography, such as the Colombian Andean region. Therefore, it is crucial to identify areas prone to landslides in order to protect human lives and mitigate the adverse impacts on national economies, especially in developing countries situated in tropical and mountainous regions. Assessing landslide hazard and susceptibility is a fundamental step in comprehending the fundamental characteristics of slopes susceptible to failure, particularly under extreme rainfall conditions. Various researchers have devised methods and techniques to assess and map landslides, employing heuristic, statistical, and deterministic approaches. This study carried out a geographic information system-based approach for shallow landslides, with the objective to compare different methods for a landslide-event hazard mapping using the landslide records on May 18, 2015, triggered by a rainstorm in the La Liboriana basin (Colombia). In the first place, a fuzzy logic gamma model was applied using landslide conditioning factors. Then, the deterministic model TRIGRS was applied to assess shallow landslides. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) model was used to obtain an intermediate scale solution. All models consider the rainfall that triggered the aforementioned landslide event. The results indicated that the SVM (radial basis function) model permits to obtain a better performance (AUC = 0.95) in landslide hazard zonation rather than quantitative heuristic fuzzy gamma model (AUC = 0.86) and the deterministic TRIGRS model (AUC = 0.60), obtaining best accurate at predicting the landslide hazard in the study area.
Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others: A Multiple Mediation Study of Personal Values
Authors: Cha Jane E. , Serlachius Anna S. , Cavadino Alana , Kirby James N. , Consedine Nathan S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Self-compassion has been associated with numerous benefits at a personal level. However, despite suggestions that self-compassion might also lead to benefits for others, findings are inconsistent, and evidence regarding putative mechanisms is lacking. This pre-registered study examined whether personal values (self-transcendence, self-enhancement, conservation) mediated the link between self-compassion and compassion for others (within one’s social network) in a general population sample.

Method
A community sample (n = 707) anonymously completed measures indexing demographics, self- and other-focused compassion, and personal values in an online survey.

Results
As predicted, self-compassion was associated with higher compassion for others. A parallel multiple mediation model showed that differences in self-transcendence values (but not conservation or self-enhancement) were significant mediators (a3b3 = 0.94, 95% CI [0.40, 1.55]).

Conclusions
Self-compassion may be a way to enhance compassion for others, and differences in personal values (i.e., self-transcendence) may help explain this important link. Findings suggest the importance of evaluating motivation-related mediators in self-compassion research. Moreover, the research emphasizes the importance of identifying specific pathways through which self-compassion can potentially yield benefits. Further work in this area can enhance our understanding of the construct as well as inform future self-compassion interventions.

Pre-registration
This study was pre-registered in AsPredicted.org (#86706).
Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model
Authors: Ramzy Asmaa , Soliman Aya H. , Hassanein Sally I. , Sebak Aya A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite the fact that chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a key component in the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is challenged by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that is jam-packed with cellular and non-cellular immunosuppressive components. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticulate system capable of sufficiently accumulating in the tumor and spleen to mediate local and systemic immune responses, respectively. The study also aimed to remodel the immunosuppressive TME. For such reasons, multi-functional polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered to simultaneously eradicate the cancer cells, silence the tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and re-educate the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using doxorubicin, losartan, and metformin, respectively. These agents were also selected for their ability to tip the balance of the splenic immune cells towards immunostimulatory phenotypes. To establish TAM and TAF cultures, normal macrophages and fibroblasts were incubated with B16F10 melanoma cell (Mel)-derived secretome. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared, characterized, and tested in the target cell types. Organ distribution of fluorescein-loaded PLGA NPs was evaluated in a mouse model of melanoma. Finally, the local and systemic effects of different combination therapy programs were portrayed. The in vitro studies showed that the drug-loaded PLGA NPs could significantly ablate the immunosuppressive nature of Mel and skew TAMs and TAFs towards more favorable phenotypes. While in vivo, PLGA NPs were proven to exhibit long blood circulation time and to localize preferentially in the tumor and the spleen. The combination of either metformin or losartan with doxorubicin was superior to the monotherapy, both locally and systemically. However, the three-agent combo produced detrimental effects in the form of compromised well-being, immune depletion, and metastasis. These findings indicate the potential of TME remodeling as means to prime the tumors for successful chemoimmunotherapy. In addition, they shed light on the importance of the careful use of combination therapies and the necessity of employing dose-reduction strategies.
Graphical Abstract

D-NPs doxorubicin-loaded NPs, M-NPs metformin-loaded NPs, L-NPs losartan-loaded NPs, TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, TAFs tumor-associated fibroblasts, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, CD206/40/86 cluster of differentiation 206/40/86, α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, MMPs matrix metalloproteases
Lactate score classification of hepatocellular carcinoma helps identify patients with tumors that respond to immune checkpoint blockade therapy
Authors: Jiang Kai , Zhu Lili , Huang Huizhen , Zheng Liu , Wang Zhuqing , Kang Xiaonan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) responds poorly to immunotherapy, and the durable response rate is 10-20%. Here, we aim to characterize HCC classifications based on lactate genes to identify patients who may benefit from immunotherapy.

Methods
Lactate-related genes were applied for HCC classification in the current study, and lactate Cluster 1 (LC1) and lactate Cluster 2 (LC2) were defined. Differential genes from LC1 and LC2 helped define the following lactate phenotype clusters: lactate phenotype Cluster 1 (LPC1), lactate phenotype Cluster 2 (LPC2) and lactate phenotype Cluster 3 (LPC3). Based on the cluster annotation, the lactate score was defined and analyzed to evaluate the immunotherapy response.

Results
All the classified clusters were analyzed, and they showed different immune signatures. The survival rate of LPC3 was higher than that of LPC2 (LPC3 vs. LPC2, P = 0.027) and LPC1 (LPC3 vs. LPC1, P = 0.027). Then, the lactate score was annotated and confirmed to be effective in predicting responses to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Conclusion
In the current study, we developed a classification system for HCC and defined the lactate score, which was validated to be partially effective in estimating responses among tumor patients.
Soil organic carbon stock change following perennialization: a meta-analysis
Authors: Siddique Imran Ahammad , Grados Diego , Chen Ji , Lærke Poul Erik , Jørgensen Uffe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPerennial crops replacing annual crops are drawing global attention because they harbor potential for sustainable biomass production and climate change mitigation through soil carbon sequestration. At present, it remains unclear how long perennial crops can sequester carbon in the soil and how soil carbon stock dynamics are influenced by climate, soil, and plant properties across the globe. This study presents a meta-analysis synthesizing 51 publications (351 observations at 77 sites) distributed over different pedo-climatic conditions to scrutinize the effect of perennialization on organic carbon accumulation in soil compared with two annual benchmark systems (i.e., monoculture and crop rotation). Results showed that perennial crops significantly increased soil organic carbon stock by 16.6% and 23.1% at 0–30 cm depth compared with monoculture and crop rotation, respectively. Shortly after establishment (< 5 years), perennial crops revealed a negative impact on soil organic carbon stock; however, long duration (> 10 years) of perennialization had a significant positive effect on soil organic carbon stock by 30% and 36.4% at 0–30 cm depth compared with monoculture and crop rotation, respectively. Compared with both annual systems, perennial crops significantly increased soil organic carbon stock regardless of their functional photosynthetic types (C3, C4, or C3-C4 intermediates) and vegetation type (woody or herbaceous). Among other factors, pH had a significant impact on soil organic carbon; however, the effect of soil textures showed no significant impact, possibly due to a lack of observations from each textural class and mixed pedoclimatic effects. Results also showed that time effect of perennialization revealed a sigmoidal increase of soil organic carbon stock until about 20 years; thereafter, the soil carbon stocks advanced towards a steady-state level. In conclusion, perennial crops increased soil organic carbon stock compared with annual systems; however, the time since conversion from annual to perennial system decisively impacted soil organic carbon stock changes.
One Million Lives Saved Per Year: A Cost–Benefit Analysis of the Global Plan to End Tuberculosis, 2023–2030 and Beyond
Authors: Pretorius Carel , Arinaminpathy Nimalan , Mandal Sandip , Sahu Suvanand , Pai Madhukar , Mathiasson Roland , Wong Brad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis report presents a cost–benefit analysis of increased spending on tuberculosis (TB) using impacts and costs drawn from the Global Plan to End Tuberculosis, 2023–2030. The analysis indicates that the return on TB spending is substantial with a centrally estimated benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of 46, meaning every US$ 1 invested in TB yields US$ 46 in benefits. Alternative specifications using different baselines, interventions, cost profiles, and discount rates still yield robustly high BCRs, in the range of 28–84. This report also shows that TB investment would avert substantial mortality, estimated at 27.3 million averted deaths over the 28-year period between 2023 and 2050 inclusive: almost 1 million averted deaths per year on average. Accounting for all estimated direct and indirect costs, the cost per averted death is slightly over US$ 2000. Interventions to address TB represent exceptional value-for-money.
Designing foresights by communities: a new groundbreaker role for strategic design
Authors: Simonse Lianne , Simons Dasha , Skalska Zuzanna 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In order to humanize forecasting, communities have been proposed to activate and enlarge a collective ability of foresight. To better understand how communities relate to collective foresight abilities, this article untangles its critical modes, roles and social media involved. Based on a fine-grained analysis of 10 community practices, we uncovered the abilities of capturing, conceiving and designing foresights enacted in the distinct modes of creative, user and strategic communities. Discoveries included the novel abilities of conceiving foresights, a new groundbreaker role for strategic designers and specific activities of social media listening with regard to future interests. Grounded on the prime findings, we propose a framework with propositions that shape further theory development on community abilities of designing foresights. Further research directions are outlined.
Hasty Generalizations Are Pervasive in Experimental Philosophy: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Peters Uwe , Lemeire Olivier 
Published: August 2023

AbstractScientists may sometimes generalize from their samples to broader populations when they have not yet sufficiently supported this generalization. Do such hasty generalizations also occur in experimental philosophy? To check, we analyzed 171 experimental philosophy studies published between 2017 and 2023. We found that most studies tested only Western populations but generalized beyond them without justification. There was also no evidence that studies with broader conclusions had larger, more diverse samples, but they nonetheless had higher citation impact. Our analyses reveal important methodological limitations of many experimental philosophy studies and suggest that philosophical training may not protect against hasty generalizations.
A plague of weasels and ticks: animal introduction, ecological disaster, and the balance of nature in Jamaica, 1870–1900
Authors: Holmes Matthew 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTowards the end of the nineteenth century, British colonists in Jamaica became increasingly exasperated by the damage caused to their sugar plantations by rats. In 1872, a British planter attempted to solve this problem by introducing the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata). The animals, however, turned on Jamaica's insectivorous birds and reptiles, leading to an explosion in the tick population. This paper situates the mongoose catastrophe as a closing chapter in the history of the nineteenth-century acclimatization movement. While foreign observers saw the introduction of the mongoose as a cautionary tale, caricaturing British Jamaica as overrun by a plague of weasels and ticks, British colonists, administrators and naturalists – identifying a gradual decline of both populations – argued that the ‘balance of nature’ would eventually reassert itself. As this paper argues, through this dubious claim they were attempting to retrospectively rationalize or justify the introductions and their disastrous aftermath. This strategy enabled them to gloss over the lasting ecological damage caused by the mongoose, and allowed its adherents to continue their uncritical support of both the Jamaican plantation economy and animal introductions in the British Empire.