bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Friction on ALP domain walls and gravitational waves
Authors: Blasi Simone , Mariotti Alberto , Rase Aäron , Sevrin Alexander , Turbang Kevin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the early Universe evolution of axion-like particle (ALP) domain walls taking
into account the effect of friction from particles in the surrounding plasma, including the case
of particles in thermal equilibrium and frozen out species. We characterize the friction force
from interactions within the ALP effective theory, providing new results for the fermion
contribution as well as identifying simple conditions for friction to be relevant during the
domain wall life time. When friction dominates, the domain wall network departs from the standard
scaling regime and the corresponding gravitational wave emission is affected. As a relevant
example, we show how this can be the case for ALP domain walls emitting at the typical frequencies
of Pulsar Timing Array experiments, when the ALP couples to the SM leptons. We then move to a
general exploration of the gravitational wave prospects in the ALP parameter space. We finally
illustrate how the gravitational wave signal from ALP domain walls is correlated with the quality
of the underlying U(1) symmetry.
Theoretical understanding of evolutionary dynamics on inhomogeneous networks
Authors: Teimouri Hamid , Sattari Khavas Dorsa , Spaulding Cade , Li Christopher , Kolomeisky Anatoly B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Evolution is the main feature of all biological systems that allows populations to change their characteristics over successive generations. A powerful approach to understand evolutionary dynamics is to investigate fixation probabilities and fixation times of novel mutations on networks that mimic biological populations. It is now well established that the structure of such networks can have dramatic effects on evolutionary dynamics. In particular, there are population structures that might amplify the fixation probabilities while simultaneously delaying the fixation events. However, the microscopic origins of such complex evolutionary dynamics remain not well understood. We present here a theoretical investigation of the microscopic mechanisms of mutation fixation processes on inhomogeneous networks. It views evolutionary dynamics as a set of stochastic transitions between discrete states specified by different numbers of mutated cells. By specifically considering star networks, we obtain a comprehensive description of evolutionary dynamics. Our approach allows us to employ physics-inspired free-energy landscape arguments to explain the observed trends in fixation times and fixation probabilities, providing a better microscopic understanding of evolutionary dynamics in complex systems.
Long-term upper-extremity prosthetic control using regenerative peripheral nerve interfaces and implanted EMG electrodes
Authors: Vu Philip P , Vaskov Alex K , Lee Christina , Jillala Ritvik R , Wallace Dylan M , Davis Alicia J , Kung Theodore A , Kemp Stephen W P , Gates Deanna H , Chestek Cynthia A , Cederna Paul S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Extracting signals directly from the motor system poses challenges in obtaining both high amplitude and sustainable signals for upper-limb neuroprosthetic control. To translate neural interfaces into the clinical space, these interfaces must provide consistent signals and prosthetic performance. Approach. Previously, we have demonstrated that the Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) is a biologically stable, bioamplifier of efferent motor action potentials. Here, we assessed the signal reliability from electrodes surgically implanted in RPNIs and residual innervated muscles in humans for long-term prosthetic control. Main results. RPNI signal quality, measured as signal-to-noise ratio, remained greater than 15 for up to 276 and 1054 d in participant 1 (P1), and participant 2 (P2), respectively. Electromyography from both RPNIs and residual muscles was used to decode finger and grasp movements. Though signal amplitude varied between sessions, P2 maintained real-time prosthetic performance above 94% accuracy for 604 d without recalibration. Additionally, P2 completed a real-world multi-sequence coffee task with 99% accuracy for 611 d without recalibration. Significance. This study demonstrates the potential of RPNIs and implanted EMG electrodes as a long-term interface for enhanced prosthetic control.
A smooth transition towards a Tracy–Widom distribution for the largest eigenvalue of interacting k-body fermionic embedded Gaussian ensembles
Authors: Carro Ernesto , Benet Luis , Pérez Castillo Isaac 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In spite of its simplicity, the central limit theorem captures one of the most outstanding phenomena in mathematical physics, that of universality. While this classical result is well understood, it is still not very clear what happens to this universal behavior when the random variables become correlated. A fruitful mathematically laboratory to investigate the rising of new universal properties is offered by the set of eigenvalues of random matrices. In this regard, a lot of work has been done using the standard random matrix ensembles and focusing on the distribution of extreme eigenvalues. In this case, the distribution of the largest or smallest eigenvalue departs from the Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem yielding the celebrated Tracy–Widom distribution. One may wonder, yet again, how robust this new universal behavior captured by the Tracy–Widom distribution is when the correlation among eigenvalues changes. Few answers have been provided to this poignant question, and our intention in the present work is to contribute to this interesting unexplored territory. Thus, we study numerically the probability distribution for the normalized largest eigenvalue of the interacting k-body fermionic orthogonal and unitary embedded Gaussian ensembles in the diluted limit. We find a smooth transition from a slightly asymmetric Gaussian-like distribution, for small

k

/

m

, to the Tracy–Widom distribution as

k

/

m
→
1

, where k is the rank of the interaction and m is the number of fermions. Correlations at the edge of the spectrum are stronger for small values of

k

/

m

and are independent of the number of particles considered. Our results indicate that subtle correlations toward the edge of the spectrum distinguish the statistical properties of the spectrum of interacting many-body systems in the dilute limit, from those expected for the standard random matrix ensembles.
Realization of a novel dual-band bandpass filter with coupled series gaps and stepped impedance complementary split ring resonators
Authors: Beiki Tahereh , Hosseinipanah Mirshahram , Hojjat Kashani Farrokh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this article, a bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed by
etching stepped impedance complementary split ring resonators
(SICSRRs) pairs in parallel with series gaps on the top side of a
coplanar waveguide (CPW). The Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method is
used to analyze the left-handed (LH) behavior of the filter. The
effects of the resonators parameters on the left-handed BPF are
studied. The parameters and number of the resonators are adjusted
properly to obtain the desired filter characteristics. Split ring
resonators (SRRs) are magnetically coupled to the BPF to realize a
novel left-handed dual-band bandpass filter. Besides, The dual-band
filter is described by means of the lumped-element equivalent
circuit model. Also, the quasi-static analysis is used to obtain the
equations for the resonant frequencies of the resonators. The
efficient electrical size of the dual-band filter is
0.51λg
× 0.42λg
where λg

represents the guided wavelength at the first passband center
frequency. The prototype of the compact dual-band BPF is fabricated
and measured. The measured results reveal low insertion loss and
high return loss at the passbands along with wide upper stopband
attenuation. The measured result is in a good agreement with the
corresponding simulation result.
Spectroscopy of a borosilicate crown glass in the wavelength range of 0.2 µm–15 cm
Authors: Bassarab V V , Shalygin V A , Shakhmin A A , Sokolov V S , Kropotov G I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We report on the experimental studies of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with borosilicate crown glass K108 in the ultrawide frequency range from 0.002 to 1500 THz. Four different types of spectrometers are used to measure the reflectivity and/or transmittance spectra. Spectral dependences of the complex dielectric permittivity, refractive index and extinction coefficient are extracted from the measured spectra. The optical properties of the borosilicate crown glass in the microwave spectral range (2–23 GHz) are investigated for the first time. There are three bands of anomalous dispersion in the spectral curve of the real part of the dielectric permittivity. Each band of the anomalous dispersion corresponds to an absorption band, which is clearly seen in the spectrum of the imaginary part of the dielectric permittivity. The wide low-frequency absorption band is attributed to the Boson peak. Two other examined absorption bands represent sharp peaks and are associated with the Si–O–Si bending and Si–O stretching vibration modes. The results of the study can be useful in the development of optics based on the borosilicate crown glass.
Study on the preparation and color-changing properties of smart fabric based on temperature-sensitive/light-sensitive dual-response
Authors: Li Jing , Zhu Yanan , Chang Le 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The smart fabric based on temperature-sensitive/light-sensitive dual-response is a functional fabric that can change color with temperature and emit green light in the dark after being excited by light. Prepared by silk-screen printing technology, it is made of temperature-responsive polymers, rare earth photosensitive paste, adhesives, thickeners, and other materials. When the temperature-responsive polymer is 10%, the rare earth photosensitive paste is 12%, and the adhesive is 25%, the printed cotton fabrics had the highest K/S value, the best abrasion resistance, and the best soaping color fastness. After 30 heating and cooling tests, the color depth and temperature-sensitive discoloration performance of the fabrics were still good. The fabric prepared by mixing orange and blue temperature-sensitive color change microcapsules and rare earth light response materials with different mass ratios can obtain continuous multi-color effect at 31–40 °C. Under the excitation of 365 nm wavelength, the fabric appears the characteristic green light of SrAl2O4: Eu2+, Dy3+ luminescent materials. With the increase of temperature, the emission intensity increases first and then decreases. The luminance of the fabric after heating is obviously higher than that under the room temperature.
Motor control insights on walking planner and its stability
Authors: Tiseo Carlo , Veluvolu Kalyana C , Tech Ang Wei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The application of biomechanics and motor control models in the control of bipedal robots (humanoids and exoskeletons) has revealed limitations of our understanding of human locomotion. A recently proposed model uses the potential energy for bipedal structures to model the bipedal dynamics, allowing us to predict the system dynamics from its kinematics. This work proposes a task-space planner for human-like straight locomotion that targets application in rehabilitation robotics and computational neuroscience. The proposed architecture is based on the potential energy model and employs locomotor strategies from human data. The model generates Centre of Mass (CoM) trajectories, foot swing trajectories and the Base of Support (BoS) over time. The data show that the proposed architecture can generate behaviour in line with human walking strategies for both the CoM and the foot swing. Despite the CoM vertical trajectory not being as smooth as a human trajectory, the proposed model significantly reduces the error in the estimation of the CoM vertical trajectory compared to the inverted pendulum models. The proposed model can also assess stability based on the body kinematics embedding currently used in clinical practice. However, the model also implies a shift in the interpretation of the spatiotemporal parameters of the gait, which are now determined by the conditions for the equilibrium and not vice versa. In other words, locomotion is a dynamic reaching where the motor primitives are also determined by gravity.
Clinicopathologic features of non–type 1/2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors and their associated mucosal changes
Authors: Logan Kristen , Shi Chanjuan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The pathogenesis for non–type 1/2 gastric neuroendocrine tumors (G-NETs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic features of G-NETs and associated mucosal changes.

Methods
The electronic health records of patients with non–type 1/2 G-NETs were reviewed. H&E slides were reviewed for pathologic features and mucosal changes. The t test and Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
In total, 33 patients were assigned to either group 1 (n = 23) or group 2 (n = 10). Group 1 included patients with a history of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, increased gastrin levels, or significant PPI effect (PPI/gastrin-associated). All other patients were assigned to group 2. There was no significant difference in age and sex between the 2 groups. Group 2 tumors were more likely to be larger, invade deeper, and develop metastases (P &lt; .05). Tumors in patients with cirrhosis tended to be larger. Peritumoral mucosal changes included loss of oxyntic glands, foveolar hyperplasia, and intestinal metaplasia. Background mucosa in group 1 patients showed PPI effect and neuroendocrine hyperplasia or dysplasia.

Conclusions
Although PPI/gastrin-associated non–type 1/2 G-NETs were smaller and more indolent than typical type 3 G-NETs, tumors in patients with cirrhosis tended to be larger. Additionally, peritumoral mucosal changes could mimic chronic atrophic gastritis.
Sexual selection does not drive hindwing tail elaboration in a moon moth,Actias luna
Authors: Rubin Juliette J , Kawahara Akito Y 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe most emblematic animal traits are often attributed to sexual selection. While this pressure is an important force, elaborated traits that have been driven solely by natural selection are less enumerated. Here, we test an elaborate trait in moths—hindwing tails—that has been studied in an anti-predator context, but that remains unstudied for its role in mating. We gave female Actias luna (Saturniidae) moths a choice between two males of differing hindwing tail treatments. In our primary experiment, males with intact tails garnered more matings than males with tails removed. This difference appears to result from damage incurred by tail removal, however, as demonstrated with additional experiments. We created a tail/no-tail experimental set where we removed tails from both males, then reglued tails to one and applied glue only to the hindwings of the other. We found no significant difference in mating success between these males. To ensure that this result was not due to the glue itself, we offered females two intact males, with glue added to the wings of one. This set also had equal mating success. We therefore do not find evidence that tails play a role in sexual selection. These results, in combination with previous research on bat-moth battles using A. luna, indicate that the non-sexually dimorphic hindwing tail was likely driven by natural selection. We suggest that future research testing multiple selective forces is needed to reveal the prevalence of natural versus sexual selection as the primary force driving trait elaboration in diverse animal taxa.
A comprehensive benchmarking of differential splicing tools for RNA-seq analysis at the event level
Authors: Jiang Minghao , Zhang Shiyan , Yin Hongxin , Zhuo Zhiyi , Meng Guoyu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
RNA alternative splicing, a post-transcriptional stage in eukaryotes, is crucial in cellular homeostasis and disease processes. Due to the rapid development of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the flood of NGS data, the detection of differential splicing from RNA-seq data has become mainstream. A range of bioinformatic tools has been developed. However, until now, an independent and comprehensive comparison of available algorithms/tools at the event level is still lacking. Here, 21 different tools are subjected to systematic evaluation, based on simulated RNA-seq data where exact differential splicing events are introduced. We observe immense discrepancies among these tools. SUPPA, DARTS, rMATS and LeafCutter outperforme other event-based tools. We also examine the abilities of the tools to identify novel splicing events, which shows that most event-based tools are unsuitable for discovering novel splice sites. To improve the overall performance, we present two methodological approaches i.e. low-expression transcript filtering and tool-pair combination. Finally, a new protocol of selecting tools to perform differential splicing analysis for different analytical tasks (e.g. precision and recall rate) is proposed. Under this protocol, we analyze the distinct splicing landscape in the DUX4/IGH subgroup of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and uncover the differential splicing of TCF12. All codes needed to reproduce the results are available at https://github.com/mhjiang97/Benchmarking_DS.
Discriminative pattern discovery for the characterization of different network populations
Authors: Fassetti Fabio , Rombo Simona E , Serrao Cristina 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
An interesting problem is to study how gene co-expression varies in two different populations, associated with healthy and unhealthy individuals, respectively. To this aim, two important aspects should be taken into account: (i) in some cases, pairs/groups of genes show collaborative attitudes, emerging in the study of disorders and diseases; (ii) information coming from each single individual may be crucial to capture specific details, at the basis of complex cellular mechanisms; therefore, it is important avoiding to miss potentially powerful information, associated with the single samples.

Results
Here, a novel approach is proposed, such that two different input populations are considered, and represented by two datasets of edge-labeled graphs. Each graph is associated to an individual, and the edge label is the co-expression value between the two genes associated to the nodes. Discriminative patterns among graphs belonging to different sample sets are searched for, based on a statistical notion of ‘relevance’ able to take into account important local similarities, and also collaborative effects, involving the co-expression among multiple genes. Four different gene expression datasets have been analyzed by the proposed approach, each associated to a different disease. An extensive set of experiments show that the extracted patterns significantly characterize important differences between healthy and unhealthy samples, both in the cooperation and in the biological functionality of the involved genes/proteins. Moreover, the provided analysis confirms some results already presented in the literature on genes with a central role for the considered diseases, still allowing to identify novel and useful insights on this aspect.

Availability and implementation
The algorithm has been implemented using the Java programming language. The data underlying this article and the code are available at https://github.com/CriSe92/DiscriminativeSubgraphDiscovery.
Safety of guselkumab treatment for up to 5 years in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: pooled analyses across seven clinical trials with more than 8600 patient-years of exposure
Authors: Lebwohl Mark G , Merola Joseph F , Rowland Katelyn , Miller Megan , Yang Ya-Wen , Yu Jenny , You Yin , Chan Daphne , Thaçi Diamant , Langley Richard G 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Guselkumab has demonstrated favourable safety and efficacy across individual clinical studies in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Objectives
To evaluate the safety of guselkumab in patients with psoriasis using pooled data from seven phase II/III studies (X-PLORE, VOYAGE 1, VOYAGE 2, NAVIGATE, ORION, ECLIPSE, Japan registration).

Methods
All studies, except NAVIGATE and ECLIPSE (active comparator-controlled only), included a 16-week placebo-controlled period; X-PLORE, VOYAGE 1 and VOYAGE 2 included both placebo and active controls. In most studies, guselkumab-treated patients received 100-mg subcutaneous injections at week 0, week 4, and then every 8 weeks thereafter. Safety data were summarized for the placebo-controlled period (weeks 0–16) and through the end of the reporting period (up to 5 years). Incidence rates of key safety events were integrated post hoc, adjusted for the duration of follow-up and reported per 100 patient-years (PY).

Results
During the placebo-controlled period, 544 patients received placebo (165 PY) and 1220 received guselkumab (378 PY). Through the end of the reporting period, 2891 guselkumab-treated patients contributed 8662 PY of follow-up. During the placebo-controlled period, in the guselkumab and placebo groups, respectively, rates of adverse events (AEs) were 346/100 PY and 341/100 PY, and infections were 95.9/100 PY and 83.6/100 PY. Rates of serious AEs (6.3/100 PY vs. 6.7/100 PY), AEs leading to discontinuation (5.0/100 PY vs. 9.7/100 PY), serious infections (1.1/100 PY vs. 1.2/100 PY), malignancy (0.5 patients/100 PY vs. 0.0 patients/100 PY) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; 0.3/100 PY vs. 0.0/100 PY) were low and comparable between guselkumab and placebo. Through the end of the reporting period, safety event rates were lower than or comparable to the placebo-controlled period in guselkumab-treated patients: AEs, 169/100 PY; infections, 65.9/100 PY; serious AEs, 5.3/100 PY; AEs leading to discontinuation, 1.6/100 PY; serious infections, 0.9/100 PY; malignancy, 0.7/100 PY; and MACE, 0.3/100 PY. There were no cases of Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, opportunistic infection or active tuberculosis related to guselkumab.

Conclusions
In this comprehensive analysis of 2891 guselkumab-treated patients with psoriasis followed for up to 5 years (8662 PY), guselkumab demonstrated favourable safety, consistent with previous reports. Safety event rates in guselkumab-treated patients were similar to those observed with placebo and were consistent throughout long-term treatment.