bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin‐mediated CcARP1 alters F‐actin dynamics by phosphorylation of CcADF9 to balance root growth and salt tolerance in pigeon pea
Authors: Cao Hongyan , Yang Qing , Wang Tianyi , Du Tingting , Song Zhihua , Dong Biying , Chen Ting , Wei Yifan , Xue Jingyi , Meng Dong , Fu Yujie 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAs a multifunctional hormone‐like molecule, melatonin exhibits a pleiotropic role in plant salt stress tolerance. While actin cytoskeleton is essential to plant tolerance to salt stress, it is unclear if and how actin cytoskeleton participates in the melatonin‐mediated alleviation of plant salt stress. Here, we report that melatonin alleviates salt stress damage in pigeon pea by activating a kinase‐like protein, which interacts with an actin‐depolymerizing factor. Cajanus cajan Actin‐Depolymerizing Factor 9 (CcADF9) has the function of severing actin filaments and is highly expressed under salt stress. The CcADF9 overexpression lines (CcADF9‐OE) showed a reduction of transgenic root length and an increased sensitivity to salt stress. By using CcADF9 as a bait to screen an Y2H library, we identified actin depolymerizing factor‐related phosphokinase 1 (ARP1), a novel protein kinase that interacts with CcADF9. CcARP1, induced by melatonin, promotes salt resistance of pigeon pea through phosphorylating CcADF9, inhibiting its severing activity. The CcARP1 overexpression lines (CcARP1‐OE) displayed an increased transgenic root length and resistance to salt stress, whereas CcARP1 RNA interference lines (CcARP1‐RNAi) presented the opposite phenotype. Altogether, our findings reveal that melatonin‐induced CcARP1 maintains F‐actin dynamics balance by phosphorylating CcADF9, thereby promoting root growth and enhancing salt tolerance.
From Mushtra to Conscious Movement: Pyotr Lesgaft’s Science‐Based Physical Education for the Russian Cadet Corps
Authors: Alexandrova Marina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA charismatic pedagogue, anatomist, physician, and founder of Russia’s Free University, Pyotr Frantsevich Lesgaft (1837–1909) played a central role in the emergence of science‐based physical education in Russia between the 1870s and the 1900s. Using Lesgaft’s two‐volume Physical Education Guide for School Children (1888–1901) as a focal point, this article examines the debates surrounding military physical education in the context of pedagogical theories in late nineteenth‐century Europe and Russia, and demonstrates that Lesgaft’s liberal views on reforming physical education emerged from his unique expertise as a pedagogue, physician, and anatomist. Although Lesgaft formulated his pioneering system primarily during his employment with the Main Directorate of Military Educational Institutions (GUVUZ), his methods were often at odds with prevalent approaches to cadet training. Importantly, while Lesgaft’s approach was certainly innovative within Russia, it developed in conversation with three popular systems of physical education in nineteenth‐century Europe: Friedrich Jahn’s Turnen, Swedish gymnastics, and British sport.
Diagnostic value of high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in evaluation of subcutaneous lesions
Authors: Miao Yao , Ren Wei‐Wei , Yang Fei‐Yue , Li Liang , Wu Ling , Dan Shan Dan‐ , Chen Zi‐Tong , Wang Li‐Fan , Wang Qiao , Guo Le‐Hang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) can evaluate invisible subcutaneous lesions. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of HFUS in invisible subcutaneous lesions.MethodPatients with invisible subcutaneous lesions were prospectively recruited from two centres. Before undergoing biopsy or surgery, each lesion was independently evaluated by two clinicians. One provides a clinical diagnosis by only clinical examination and the other provides an integrated diagnosis by combining clinical examination and HFUS information. Diagnoses were classified as correct, wrong, and indeterminate. A total of 391 lesions from 355 patients were enrolled, including 225 epidermoid cysts, 77 lipomas, 25 pilomatrixomas, 21 haemangiomas, 19 dermatofibromas, 11 dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), 7 neurofibromas, and 6 leiomyomas. Using pathological results as the gold standard, diagnostic performance was compared.ResultsThe number of correct diagnoses increased from 185 (47.3%) by clinical examination alone to 316 (80.8%) after the addition of HFUS (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the indeterminate diagnosis rate decreased from 143 (36.6%) to 10 (2.6%). Using HFUS, the accuracy improved significantly for epidermoid cysts (59.6% vs. 86.7%), lipomas (50.6% vs. 94.8%), pilomatrixomas (0% vs. 48.0%), haemangiomas (23.8% vs. 57.1%), and DFSPs (0% vs. 81.8%) (all p < 0.05). However, HFUS did not significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of dermatofibromas (15.8% vs. 21.1%, p > 0.999), neurofibromas (42.9% vs. 71.4%, p = 0.625), or leiomyomas (16.7% vs. 100%, p = 0.063).ConclusionCombining HFUS and clinical examination can generally improve the diagnostic accuracy and decrease the indeterminacy of invisible subcutaneous lesions, especially epidermoid cysts, lipomas, pilomatrixomas, haemangiomas, and DFSPs. However, for some rare lesions, HFUS cannot provide useful information.
Truncated glycosyltransferase coding regions in novelABOalleles give rise to weak A or B blood group expression and discrepant typing results
Authors: Ricci Hagman Jennifer , Hult Annika K. , Hellberg Åsa , Olsson Martin L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCorrect ABO blood‐group matching between donor and patient is crucial for safe transfusions. We investigated the underlying reason causing inconclusive ABO serology in samples referred to our laboratory.Study Design and MethodsFlow cytometric analysis,ABOgenotyping, and sequencing were used to characterize ABO‐discrepant blood samples (n = 13).ABO gene variants were inserted in a GFP‐containing bicistronic vector to assess A/B expression following overexpression in HeLa cells.ResultsSeven novel alleles with nonsense mutations predicted to truncate the encoded ABO glycosyltransferases were identified. While these variants could representOalleles, serology showed signs of ABO glycosyltransferase activity.ABO*A1.01‐related alleles displayed remarkably characteristic percentages of A‐positive cells for samples with the same variant: c.42C>A (p.Cys14*; 10%), c.102C>A (p.Tyr34*; 31%–32%,n = 2), c.106dup (p.Val36Glyfs*21; 16%–17%,n = 3) or c.181_182ins (p.Leu61Argfs*21; 12%–13%, n = 2). Transfection studies confirmed significantly decreased A expression compared to wild type. The remaining variants were found onABO*B.01background: c.1_5dup (pGly3Trpfs*20), c.15dup (p.Arg6Alafs*51) or c.496del (p.Thr166Profs*26). Although the absence of plasma anti‐B was noted overall, B antigen expression was barely detected on erythrocytes. Overexpression confirmed decreased B in two variants compared to wildtype while c.1_5dup only showed a non‐significant downward trend.ConclusionSamples displaying aberrant ABO serology revealed seven principally interesting alleles. Despite the presence of truncating mutations, normally resulting in null alleles, low levels of ABO antigens were detectable where alterations affectedABOexons 1–4 but not exon 7. This is compatible with the previously proposed concept that alternative start codons in early exons can be used to initiate the translation of functional ABO glycosyltransferase.
Generic classification and asymptotic enumeration of dope matrices
Authors: Bisain Ankit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFor a complex polynomial of degree and an ‐tuple of distinct complex numbers , the dope matrix is defined as the matrix with if and otherwise. We classify the set of dope matrices when the entries of are algebraically independent, resolving a conjecture of Alon, Kravitz, and O'Bryant. We also provide asymptotic upper and lower bounds on the total number of dope matrices. For much smaller than , these bounds give an asymptotic estimate of the logarithm of the number of dope matrices.
The microbial-derived bile acid lithocholate and its epimers inhibit
Clostridioides difficile
growth and pathogenicity while sparing members of the gut microbiota
Authors: Kisthardt Samantha C. , Thanissery Rajani , Pike Colleen M. , Foley Matthew H. , Theriot Casey M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Clostridioides difficile
is a Gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobe that causes clinical diseases ranging from diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis to toxic megacolon and death.
C. difficile
infection (CDI) is associated with antibiotic usage, which disrupts the indigenous gut microbiota and causes the loss of microbial-derived secondary bile acids that normally provide protection against
C. difficile
colonization. Previous work has shown that the secondary bile acid lithocholate (LCA) and its epimer isolithocholate (iLCA) have potent inhibitory activity against clinically relevant
C. difficile
strains. To further characterize the mechanisms by which LCA and its epimers iLCA and isoallolithocholate (iaLCA) inhibit
C. difficile,
we tested their minimum inhibitory concentration against
C. difficile
R20291 and a commensal gut microbiota panel. We also performed a series of experiments to determine the mechanism of action by which LCA and its epimers inhibit
C. difficile
through bacterial killing and effects on toxin expression and activity. Additionally, we tested the cytotoxicity of these bile acids through Caco-2 cell apoptosis and viability assays to gauge their effects on the host. Here, we show that the epimers iLCA and iaLCA strongly inhibit
C. difficile
growth
in vitro
while sparing most commensal Gram-negative gut microbes. We also show that iLCA and iaLCA have bactericidal activity against
C. difficile,
and these epimers cause significant bacterial membrane damage at subinhibitory concentrations. Finally, we observe that iLCA and iaLCA decrease the expression of the large cytotoxin
tcdA
, while LCA significantly reduces toxin activity. Although iLCA and iaLCA are both epimers of LCA, they have distinct mechanisms for inhibiting
C. difficile
. LCA epimers, iLCA and iaLCA, represent promising compounds that target
C. difficile
with minimal effects on members of the gut microbiota that are important for colonization resistance.

IMPORTANCE

In the search for a novel therapeutic that targets
Clostridioides difficile
, bile acids have become a viable solution. Epimers of bile acids are particularly attractive as they may provide protection against
C. difficile
while leaving the indigenous gut microbiota largely unaltered. This study shows that LCA epimers isolithocholate (iLCA) and LCA epimers isoallolithocholate (iaLCA) specifically are potent inhibitors of
C. difficile,
affecting key virulence factors including growth, toxin expression, and activity. As we move toward the use of bile acids as therapeutics, further work will be required to determine how best to deliver these bile acids to a target site within the host intestinal tract.
The
mef
(A)/
msr
(D)-carrying streptococcal prophage Φ1207.3 encodes an SOS-like system, induced by UV-C light, responsible for increased survival and increased mutation rate
Authors: Fox Valeria , Santoro Francesco , Apicella Carmen , Diaz-Diaz Sara , Rodriguez-Martínez Josè Manuel , Iannelli Francesco , Pozzi Gianni 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Bacterial SOS response is an inducible system of DNA repair and mutagenesis. Streptococci lack a canonical SOS response, but an SOS-like response was reported in some species. The
mef
(A)-
msr
(D)-carrying prophage Ф1207.3 of
Streptococcus pyogenes
contains a region, spanning
orf6
to
orf11
, showing homology to characterized streptococcal SOS-like cassettes. Genome-wide homology search showed the presence of the whole Φ1207.3 SOS-like cassette in three
S
.
pyogenes
prophages, while parts of it were found in other bacterial species. To investigate whether this cassette confers an SOS-mutagenesis phenotype, we constructed
Streptococcus pneumoniae
R6 isogenic derivative strains: (i) FR172, streptomycin resistant, (ii) FR173, carrying Φ1207.3, and (iii) FR174, carrying a recombinant Φ1207.3, where the SOS-like cassette was deleted. These strains were used in survival and mutation rate assays using a UV-C LED instrument, for which we designed and 3D-printed a customized equipment, constituted of an instrument support and swappable-autoclavable mini-plates and lids. Upon exposure to UV fluences ranging from 0 to 6,400 J/m
2
at four different wavelengths, 255, 265, 275, and 285 nm, we found that the presence of Φ1207.3 SOS-like cassette increases bacterial survival up to 34-fold. Mutation rate was determined by measuring rifampicin resistance acquisition upon exposure to UV fluence of 50 J/m
2
at the four wavelengths by fluctuation test. The presence of Φ1207.3 SOS-like cassette resulted in a significant increase in the mutation rate (up to 18-fold) at every wavelength. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Φ1207.3 carries a functional SOS-like cassette responsible for an increased survival and increased mutation rate in
S. pneumoniae
.

IMPORTANCE
Bacterial mutation rate is generally low, but stress conditions and DNA damage can induce stress response systems, which allow for improved survival and continuous replication. The SOS response is a DNA repair mechanism activated by some bacteria in response to stressful conditions, which leads to a temporary hypermutable phenotype and is usually absent in streptococcal genomes. Here, using a reproducible and controlled UV irradiation system, we demonstrated that the SOS-like gene cassette of prophage Φ1207.3 is functional, responsible for a temporary hypermutable phenotype, and enhances bacterial survival to UV irradiation. Prophage Φ1207.3 also carries erythromycin resistance genes and can lysogenize different pathogenic bacteria, constituting an example of a mobile genetic element which can confer multiple phenotypes to its host.
The human cellular protein NoL12 is a specific partner of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7
Authors: Zgheib Sarwat , Taha Nedal , Zeiger Manon , Glushonkov Oleksandr , Lequeu Thiebault , Anton Halina , Didier Pascal , Boutant Emmanuel , Mély Yves , Réal Eléonore 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid protein (NCp7) is a nucleic acid chaperone protein with two highly conserved zinc fingers. To exert its key roles in the viral cycle, NCp7 interacts with several host proteins. Among them, the human NoL12 protein (hNoL12) was previously identified in genome wide screens as a potential partner of NCp7. hNoL12 is a highly conserved 25 kDa nucleolar RNA-binding protein implicated in the 5′end processing of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus and thus in the assembly and maturation of ribosomes. In this work, we confirmed the NCp7/hNoL12 interaction in cells by Förster resonance energy transfer visualized by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation. The interaction between NCp7 and hNoL12 was found to strongly depend on their both binding to RNA, as shown by the loss of interaction when the cell lysates were pretreated with RNase. Deletion mutants of hNoL12 were tested for their co-immunoprecipitation with NCp7, leading to the identification of the exonuclease domain of hNoL12 as the binding domain for NCp7. Finally, the interaction with hNoL12 was found to be specific of the mature NCp7 and to require NCp7 basic residues.

IMPORTANCE
HIV-1 mature nucleocapsid (NCp7) results from the maturation of the Gag precursor in the viral particle and is thus mostly abundant in the first phase of the infection which ends with the genomic viral DNA integration in the cell genome. Most if not all the nucleocapsid partners identified so far are not specific of the mature form. We described here the specific interaction in the nucleolus between NCp7 and the human nucleolar protein 12, a protein implicated in ribosomal RNA maturation and DNA damage response. This interaction takes place in the cell nucleolus, a subcellular compartment where NCp7 accumulates. The absence of binding between hNoL12 and Gag makes hNoL12 one of the few known specific cellular partners of NCp7.
Draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. OS603R isolated from holy basil roots with promising antimicrobial and antitumor potential
Authors: Mhuantong Wuttichai , Kwandee Wongsakorn , Boondireke Sirirat , Kongrit Darika 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. OS603R, isolated from holy basil roots. The strain possesses genes potentially responsible for antimicrobial and antitumor agents. The genome assembly comprises 7,521,075 bps with 72.29% GC content. The genome provides the basis for studies involving genes related to relevant bioactive compounds.
Motivation and goal-pursuit for injury prevention training in amateur football coaches: a cross-sectional study using the Health Action Process Approach
Authors: Lindblom Hanna , Hägglund Martin 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundAdoption of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in team sports is contingent on behaviour change among coaches. The aim was to study motivation and goal-pursuit in IPEP use among coaches of amateur football players.MethodsA cross-sectional study using web-based questionnaires was administered to coaches in one Swedish regional football district. The study was carried out one season after dissemination of the IPEPKnee Control+. The questionnaire was based on the Health Action Process Approach and covered perceptions and beliefs about usingKnee Control+. Questions were rated on 1–7 Likert scales.Results440 coaches participated (response rate 32%). Coaches were neutral about injury risks (median 4–5) and knowledge about preventing injuries (median 5) but had positive outcome expectancies of preventive training (median 6). Coaches who had used an IPEP perceived they had more knowledge about preventing injuries than non-users (median 5 vs 4, small effect sized=0.43). Coaches who usedKnee Control+were positive about their practical ability to use it (median 6) and had high intention to prioritise continuous use (median 7). Highly adherent coaches to higher extent believed that specific training may prevent injuries and had plans for how to instruct the players and how to work around barriers compared with low adherent coaches.ConclusionCoaches need more knowledge and support on IPEP usage and how to structure training. Coaches who had adoptedKnee Control+had high belief in their abilities but may need constructive plans on how to use the programme and to overcome barriers.
Atopic and non-atopic effects of fish oil supplementation during pregnancy
Authors: Bisgaard Hans , Mikkelsen Marianne , Rasmussen Morten Arendt , Sevelsted Astrid , Schoos Ann-Marie Malby , Brustad Nicklas , Eliasen Anders U , Thorsen Jonathan , Chawes Bo , Gürdeniz Gözde , Morin Andreanne , Stark Ken , Stokholm Jakob , Ober Carole , Pedersen Casper Emil Tingskov , Bønnelykke Klaus 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWe recently conducted a double-blinded randomised controlled trial showing that fish-oil supplementation during pregnancy reduced the risk of persistent wheeze or asthma in the child by 30%. Here, we explore the mechanisms of the intervention.Methods736 pregnant women were given either placebo or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in the third trimester in a randomised controlled trial. Deep clinical follow-up of the 695 children in the trial was done at 12 visits until age 6 years, including assessment of genotype at the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) locus, plasma fatty acids, airway DNA methylation, gene expression, microbiome and metabolomics.ResultsSupplementation with n-3 LCPUFA reduced the overall risk of non-atopic asthma by 73% at age 6 (relative risk (RR) 0.27 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.85), p=0.042). In contrast, there was no overall effect on asthma with atopic traits (RR 1.42 (95% CI 0.63 to 3.38), p=0.40), but this was significantly modified by maternal FADS genotype and LCPUFA blood levels (interaction p<0.05), and supplementation did reduce the risk of atopic asthma in the subgroup of mothers with FADS risk variants and/or low blood levels of n-3 LCPUFA before the intervention (RR 0.31 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.75), p=0.016). Furthermore, n-3 LCPUFA significantly reduced the number of infections (croup, gastroenteritis, tonsillitis, otitis media and pneumonia) by 16% (incidence rate ratio 0.84 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.96), p=0.009).Conclusionsn-3 LCPUFA supplementation in pregnancy showed protective effects on non-atopic asthma and infections. Protective effects on atopic asthma depended on maternal FADS genotype and n-3 LCPUFA levels. This indicates that the fatty acid pathway is involved in multiple mechanisms affecting the risk of asthma subtypes and infections.Trial registration numberNCT00798226.
Thermal Management for 3D-Stacked Systems via Unified Core-Memory Power Regulation
Authors: Shen Yixian , Schreuders Leo , Pathania Anuj , Pimentel Andy D. 
Published: September 2023

3D-stacked processor-memory systems stack memory (DRAM banks) directly on top of logic (CPU cores) using chiplet-on-chiplet packaging technology to provide the next-level computing performance in embedded platforms. Stacking, however, severely increases the system’s power density without any accompanying increase in the heat dissipation capacity. Consequently, 3D-stacked processor-memory systems suffer more severe thermal issues than their non-stacked counterparts. Nevertheless, 3D-stacked processor-memory systems do inherit power (thermal) management knobs from their non-stacked predecessors - namely Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) for cores and Low Power Mode (LPM) for memory banks. In the context of 3D-stacked processor-memory systems, DVFS and LPM are performance- and power-wise deeply intertwined. Their non-unified independent use on 3D-stacked processor-memory systems results in sub-optimal thermal management. The unified use of DVFS and LPM for thermal management for 3D-stacked processor-memory systems remains unexplored. The lack of implementation of LPM in thermal simulators for 3D-stacked processor-memory systems hinders real-world representative evaluation for a unified approach.

We extend the state-of-the-art interval thermal simulator for 3D-stacked processor-memory systems
CoMeT
with an LPM power management knob for memory banks. We also propose a learning-based thermal management technique for 3D-stacked processor-memory systems that employ DVFS and LPM in a unified manner. Detailed interval thermal simulations with the extended
CoMeT
framework show a 10.15% average response time improvement with the
PARSEC
and
SPLASH-2
benchmark suites, along with widely-used Deep Neural Network (DNN) workloads against a state-of-the-art thermal management technique for 2.5D processor-memory systems (ported directly to 3D-stacked processor-memory systems) that also proposes unified use of DVFS and LPM.