bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Discovery A and Stratos DR densitometers for assessing whole‐body and regional bone mineral density and body composition
Authors: Maïmoun Laurent , Mahadea Krishna Kunal , Alonso Sandrine , Chevallier Thierry , Kotzki Pierre‐Olivier , Mura Thibault , Boudousq Vincent 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe agreement between the Stratos DR and Discovery A densitometers was assessed for measurements of whole‐body (WB) and regional fat mass (FM), fat‐free soft tissue (FFST) and bone mineral density (BMD). Moreover, the precision of the Stratos DR was also evaluated.MethodsFifty participants (35 women, 70%) were measured consecutively, once on the Discovery A and once on the Stratos DR. In a subgroup of participants (n = 29), two successive measurements with the Stratos DR were also performed.ResultsFM, FFST and BMD measured with the two devices were highly correlated, with a coefficient of correlation ranging from 0.80 to 0.99. Bland‐Altman analyses indicated significant bias between the two devices for all measurements. Thus, compared to the Discovery A, the Stratos DR underestimated WB BMD and WB and regional FM and FFST, with the exception of trunk FM and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which were overestimated. Precision error for the Stratos DR, when expressed as root mean square‐coefficient of variation (RMS‐CV%) for FM, was 1.4% for WB, 3.0% for the gynoid and android regions, and 15.9% for VAT. The RMS‐CV% for FFST was 1.0% for WB. The root mean square of standard deviation for WB BMD was 0.018 g/cm², corresponding to a 1.4% CV. The least significant change was 0.050 g/cm² (SD), and 4.0% was considered to be a significant biological change.ConclusionsDifferences between the Stratos DR and Discovery A measurements are significant and require the use of translational cross‐calibration equations. For most of the BMD and body composition parameters, our results demonstrated good Stratos DR precision.
S1 Guideline onychomycosis
Authors: Nenoff Pietro , Reinel Dieter , Mayser Peter , Abeck Dietrich , Bezold Guntram , Bosshard Philipp P. , Brasch Jochen , Daeschlein Georg , Effendy Isaak , Ginter‐Hanselmayer Gabriele , Gräser Yvonne , Hamm Gudrun , Hengge Ulrich , Hipler Uta‐Christina , Höger Peter , Kargl Alexandra , Kolb‐Mäurer Annette , Krüger Constanze , Malisiewicz Bartosz , Mayer Johannes , Ott Hagen , Paasch Uwe , Schaller Martin , Uhrlaß Silke , Zidane Miriam 
Published: May 2023

SummaryOnychomycosis is a fungal infection of the fingernails and toenails. In Europe, tinea unguium is mainly caused by dermatophytes. The diagnostic workup comprises microscopic examination, culture and/or molecular testing (nail scrapings). Local treatment with antifungal nail polish is recommended for mild or moderate nail infections. In case of moderate to severe onychomycosis, oral treatment is recommended (in the absence of contraindications). Treatment should consist of topical and systemic agents. The aim of this update of the German S1 guideline is to simplify the selection and implementation of appropriate diagnostics and treatment. The guideline was based on current international guidelines and the results of a literature review conducted by the experts of the guideline committee. This multidisciplinary committee consisted of representatives from the German Society of Dermatology (DDG), the German‐Speaking Mycological Society (DMykG), the Association of German Dermatologists (BVDD), the German Society for Hygiene and Microbiology (DGHM), the German Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Working Group for Pediatric Dermatology (APD) and the German Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI). The Division of Evidence‐based Medicine (dEBM) provided methodological assistance. The guideline was approved by the participating medical societies following a comprehensive internal and external review.
High focus on threatened species and habitats may undermine biodiversity conservation: Evidence from the northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Virtanen Elina A. , Moilanen Atte 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConservation policies and environmental impact assessments commonly target threatened species and habitats. Nevertheless, macroecological research provides reasons why also common species should be considered. We investigate the consequences of focussing solely on legally protected species and habitats in a spatial conservation planning context using a comprehensive, benthic marine data set from the northern Baltic Sea. Using spatial prioritization and surrogacy analysis, we show that the common approach in conservation planning, where legally listed threatened species and habitats are the focus of conservation efforts, could lead to poor outcomes for common species (and therefore biodiversity as a whole), allowing them to decline in the future. If conservation efforts were aimed solely at threatened species, common species would experience a loss of 62% coverage. In contrast, if conservation plans were based only on common species, threatened species would suffer a loss of 1%. Threatened species are rare and their ecological niches distinct, making them poor surrogates for biodiversity. The best results are achieved by unified planning for all species and habitats. The minimal step towards acknowledging common species in conservation planning would be the inclusion of the richness of common species, complemented by information on indicator species or species of high importance for ecosystem functioning. The trade‐off between planning for rare and common species should be evaluated, to minimize losses to biodiversity.
Staying and Returning dynamics of young children's attention
Authors: Kim Jaeah , Singh Shashank , Vales Catarina , Keebler Emily , Fisher Anna V. , Thiessen Erik D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we decompose selective sustained attending behavior into components of continuous attention maintenance and attentional transitions and study how each of these components develops in young children. Our results in two experiments suggest that changes in children's ability to return attention to a target locus after distraction (“Returning”) play a crucial role in the development of selective sustained attention between the ages of 3.5–6 years, perhaps to a greater extent than changes in the ability to continuously maintain attention on the target (“Staying”). We further distinguish Returning from the behavior of transitioning attention away from task (i.e., becoming distracted) and investigate the relative contributions of bottom‐up and top‐down factors on these different types of attentional transitions. Overall, these results (a) suggest the importance of understanding the cognitive process of transitioning attention for understanding selective sustained attention and its development, (b) provide an empirical paradigm within which to study this process, and (c) begin to characterize basic features of this process, namely its development and its relative dependence on top‐down and bottom‐up influences on attention.Research Highlights
Young children exhibited an endogenously ability, Returning, to preferentially transition attention to task‐relevant information over task‐irrelevant information.
Selective sustained attention and its development were decomposed into Returning and Staying, or task‐selective attention maintenance, using novel eye‐tracking‐based measures.
Returning improved between the ages of 3.5–6 years, to a greater extent than Staying.
Improvements in Returning supported improvements in selective sustained attention between these ages.
Who is ready? A peer support screening measure for parents of children with disabilities
Authors: Dodds Robin L. , Singer George H. S. , Wang Mian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to develop a measure of readiness to be trained as a supporting parent volunteer for the Parent to Parent USA Network.BackgroundParents of children with disabilities may suffer from isolation, stress, and depression due to increased burden of caregiving, lack of knowledge about disability, stigmatization by community and family and/or reduced family income. Peer support can serve as a buffer to stress.MethodsMeasure items are based on qualitative findings and a review of relevant literature. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to determine the factor structure, and predictive validity was assessed using two‐sample t tests.ResultsThe 17‐item measure comprised three factors—Into Action, Wellbeing, and Skills and Navigation—and demonstrated good internal consistency. Additionally, significant differences in readiness score were found between parents who had and those who had not been trained to be peer supports and parents who had and had not received support from P2P.ImplicationsThis measure may facilitate further study and evaluation of P2P and may be useful to other programs serving families of children with special educational or health care needs.
Engaging with the world: Applying connected learning in a university language learning context
Authors: York James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article introduces an empirical study of “Connected Learning” in a Japanese EFL classroom context, instantiated through the Bridging Activities pedagogical framework. Students considered their interests, made groups, and joined Reddit communities. Self‐selected texts were then analyzed with rigorous teacher mediation. Students participated by creating Reddit posts and several presentations detailing their text analysis and participation. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from these presentations and questionnaires. Findings revealed that students in this context focused predominantly on gaming and anime communities, and participated multimodally using text, images, videos, and polls. Regarding language learning, attention was paid to cultural similarities and differences, vocabulary, acronyms, and slang. Student perceptions were positive, with 96% of students considering the topics covered appropriate to their future language needs. Additionally, the opportunity to engage in intercultural communication with target language users was considered novel, meaningful, and empowering. Pedagogical implications of using public websites in FL instruction and future research ideas are discussed.
Rare inherited coagulation and fibrinolytic defects that challenge diagnostic laboratories
Authors: Mathews Natalie , Tasneem Subia , Hayward Catherine P. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoagulation factors, anticoagulants, and fibrinolytic proteins are important for hemostasis, and mutations affecting these proteins causes some rare inherited bleeding disorders that are particularly challenging to diagnose.AimsThis review provides current information on rare inherited bleeding disorders that are difficult to diagnose.Material & MethodsA review of the literature was conducted for up to date information on rare and difficult to diagnose bleeding disorders.ResultsSome rare bleeding disorders cause an inherited deficiency of multiple coagulation factors (F), such as combined FV and FVIII deficiency and familial vitamin K‐dependent clotting factor deficiency. Additionally, congenital disorders of glycosylation can affect a variety of procoagulant and anticoagulant proteins and also platelets. Some bleeding disorders reflect mutations with unique impairments in the procoagulant/anticoagulant balance, including those caused by F5 mutations that secondarily increase the plasma levels of tissue factor pathway inhibitor as well as THBD mutations that increase functional thrombomodulin in plasma or cause a consumptive coagulopathy due to thrombomodulin deficiency. Some bleeding disorders accelerate fibrinolysis due to loss‐of‐function mutations in SERPINE1 and SERPINF2 or in the case of Quebec platelet disorder, a duplication mutation that rewires PLAU and selectively increases expression in megakaryocytes, resulting in a unique platelet‐dependent gain‐of‐function defect in fibrinolysis.DiscussionCurrent information on rare and difficult to diagnose bleeding disorders indicates they have unique clinical and laboratory features, and pathogenic characteristics to consider for diagnostic evaluation.ConclusionLaboratories and clinicians should consider rare inherited disorders, and difficult to diagnose conditions, in their strategy for diagnosing bleeding disorders.
The role of molecular diagnostic testing for hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias
Authors: Sabath Daniel E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHemoglobin disorders are among the most common genetic diseases worldwide. Molecular diagnosis is helpful in cases where the diagnosis is uncertain and for genetic counseling. Protein‐based diagnostic techniques are frequently adequate for initial diagnosis. Molecular genetic testing is pursued in some cases, particularly when a definitive diagnosis is not possible and especially for the purpose of assessing genetic risk for couples wanting to have children. The expertise available in the clinical hematology laboratory is essential for the diagnosis of patients with hemoglobin abnormalities. Initial diagnoses are made using protein‐based techniques such as electrophoresis and chromatography. Based on these findings, genetic risk to an individual's offspring can be assessed. In the setting of β‐thalassemia and other β‐globin disorders, coincident α‐thalassemia may be difficult to diagnose, which can have potentially serious consequences. In addition, unusual forms of β‐thalassemia caused by deletions in the β‐globin locus cannot be definitively characterized using standard techniques. Molecular diagnostic testing has an important role in the diagnosis of hemoglobin disorders and is important in the setting of genetic counseling. Molecular testing also has a role in prenatal diagnosis to identify fetuses affected by severe hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias.
Factors affecting the psychomotor vigilance of nurses working night shift
Authors: Çolak Merve , Esin Melek Nihal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundShifts and long working hours decrease the psychomotor vigilance of healthcare workers especially when working night shifts. Working night shifts adversely affects nurses’ health and impacts patient safety.AimThe purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the psychomotor vigilance of nurses working night shift.MethodsThis descriptive cross‐sectional study was carried out with 83 nurses who were working in a private hospital in Istanbul and voluntarily participated in this study between April 25 and May 30, 2022. Data were collected using “Descriptive Characteristics Form,” “Psychomotor Vigilance Task,” “Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,” and “Epworth Sleepiness Scale.” The “STROBE checklist” for cross‐sectional studies was utilized in order to report the findings of the study.ResultsWhen time‐dependent variation of the nurses' psychomotor vigilance task performances on the night shift was examined, it was observed that the nurses’ mean reaction time and number of lapses increased at the end of the night shift. Age, smoking, physical activity, daily water consumption, daytime sleepiness, and sleep quality were found as the factors affecting nurses' psychomotor vigilance.ConclusionThe psychomotor vigilance task performances of nurses working night shift are affected by age and a variety of behavioral factors.Implications for nursing and health policySuggestions for nursing policy include the implementation of workplace health promotion programs in order to increase the attention level of nurses in order to ensure employee and patient health and safety and create a healthy working environment.
Assessing the impacts of nurse staffing and work schedules on nurse turnover: A systematic review
Authors: BAE Sung‐Heui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate and synthesize the impacts of nurse staffing and work schedules on nurse turnover in acute hospitals.BackgroundThe retention of nurses during the COVID‐19 pandemic was critical due to the increased demand for nurses. Among the multifaceted factors contributing to nurse turnover, it is worth examining nurse staffing and work schedules while considering policy intervention.MethodsThe findings of this systematic literature review were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. Using eight databases, including CINAHL and PubMed, research articles published from January 2000 until June 2021 were reviewed. The inclusion criteria were original peer‐reviewed research, nonexperimental studies published in English or Korean languages, and studies examining the impacts of nurse staffing and work schedules on nurses’ actual turnover.ResultsFourteen articles were reviewed. Among them, 12 studies investigated the relationship between nurse staffing and turnover, and four examined the impact of work schedules on nurse turnover. Nurse staffing levels are strongly related to nurse turnover in the expected direction. However, few studies have found that work schedules are significantly related to nurse turnover.ConclusionInadequate and unsafe nurse staffing leads to increased nurse turnover rates. More studies are needed to investigate the impacts of work schedules on nurse turnover.Implications for nursing, health, and social policySeveral states in the United States have adopted the nurse staffing policy during the COVID‐19 pandemic. More hospitals and the government should adopt and implement policies to regulate nurse staffing, reduce nurse turnover, and increase retention. Policy intervention in nurse work schedules should also be considered to prevent nurse turnover.
Key factors predicting the in‐hospital mortality of patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Thailand
Authors: Chuenboonngarm Nunthanach , Puaratanaarunkon Thanaporn , Washrawirul Chanudda , Triwatcharikorn Jidapa , Chancheewa Bussabong , Theerawattanawit Chinathip , Chongpison Yuda , Rerknimitr Pawinee , Klaewsongkram Jettanong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAt present, no predictive models are available to determine the probability of in‐hospital mortality rates (HMRs) in all phenotypes of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs).ObjectivesOur study explored whether simple clinical and laboratory assessments could help predict the HMRs in any phenotypes of SCAR patients.MethodsFactors influencing HMRs in 195 adults diagnosed with different SCAR phenotypes were identified, and their optimal cut‐offs were determined by Youden's index. Predictive equations for HMRs for all SCAR patients and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) patients were determined using the exact logistic regression models.ResultsAcute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) patients were significantly older, with a short time from drug exposure to reaction, and higher neutrophil count compared to SJS/TEN and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS, p < 0.001). Peripheral blood eosinophilia, atypical lymphocytosis and elevated liver transaminase enzymes were significantly higher in DRESS. SJS/TEN phenotype, age ≥ 71.5 years, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ≥ 4.08 (high NLR) and systemic infection were factors predicting in‐hospital mortality in all SCAR subjects. The ALLSCAR model developed from these factors demonstrated high‐diagnostic accuracy for predicting HMRs in all SCAR phenotypes (area under the receiver‐operator curve (AUC) = 0.95). The risk of in‐hospital death was significantly increased in SCAR patients with high NLR after adjusting for systemic infection. The model derived from high NLR, systemic infection and age yielded higher accuracy than SCORTEN (AUC = 0.77) for predicting the HMRs in SJS/TEN patients (AUC = 0.97).ConclusionsBeing older, having systemic infection, having a high NLR and SJS/TEN phenotype increases ALLSCAR scores, which in turn increases the risk of in‐hospital mortality. These basic clinical and laboratory parameters can easily be obtained in any hospital setting. Despite its simple approach, further validation of the model is warranted.
Synthesis of ‘joint class’ curricula at high volume joint replacement centres and a preliminary model for development and evaluation
Authors: Pitaro Nicholas L. , Herrera Michael M. , Stern Brocha Z. , Russo Donna A. , McLaughlin Jonathan A. , Chen Darwin D. , Moucha Calin S. , Hayden Brett L. , Poeran Jashvant 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRationalePreoperative patient education through ‘joint class’ has potential to improve quality of care for total joint replacement (TJR). However, no formal guidance exists regarding curriculum content, potentially resulting in inter‐institutional variation.ObjectiveWe aimed to (a) synthesize curriculum components of ‘joint classes’ across high‐volume institutions and (b) develop a preliminary theory of change model for development and evaluation guided by the existing curricula and related literature.MethodsWe reviewed ‘joint class’ curricula from the websites of the 10 highest‐volume TJR centres (by average annual 2017–2019 volume) that publicly disclosed this information. Two reviewers qualitatively compared available content and noted common categories, which were synthesized into key domains across institutions. We then reviewed the PubMed database for literature on pre‐TJR patient education and education needs in the past 10 years. Drawing on our curriculum synthesis and related literature, we proposed a theory of change model: hypothesized mechanisms through which ‘joint class’ confers benefits to patients and health systems.ResultsWe identified 30 categories in our review of existing class content, which we synthesized into seven key domains: (I) Practical Elements, (II) Logistics, (III) Medical Information, (IV) Modifiable Risk Factors, (V) Expected Outcomes, (VI) Patient Role in Recovery and (VII) Enhanced Education. Variation across institutions was noted. Our preliminary model based on the curriculum synthesis and related literature on the impact of ‘joint class’ includes three levels: (1) Practical Elements (‘joint class’ accessibility and information quality), (2) Class Goals (increased health literacy, increased adherence, risk mitigation, realistic expectations, and reduced anxiety) and (3) Target Outcomes (improved clinical outcomes, positive patient experience and increased patient satisfaction).ConclusionOur synthesis identified core common topics included in pre‐TJR education but also highlighted variation across institutions, supporting opportunities for standardization. Clinicians and researchers can use our preliminary model to systematically develop and evaluate ‘joint classes,’ with the goal of establishing a standard of care for TJR preoperative education.