bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Surgical Skills for the Operating Room
Authors: Kreis Paul G. , Ebinu Julius O. , Kim Kee D. , Klineberg Eric O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explains the needed basic surgical skills to perform permanent spinal cord stimulation (SCS) in the operating room (OR). Conducting permanent SCS and managing patients postoperatively require surgical skills and knowledge of wound care. Proper surgical technique is critical to optimize the outcome, minimize risk, and ensure proper wound healing. Incising instruments, retractors, grounding pads, and electrosurgical equipment are some of the surgical instruments frequently used in performing permanent SCS procedures. The chapter also discusses the methods of surgeon’s knot, instrument tie, surgical tie, and square knot that conclude procedures. Thus, care should be taken to minimize tissue trauma.
Dorsal Root Ganglion Stimulation
Authors: Pritzlaff Scott G. , Hills Ammon A. , Jung Michael J. , DeMesa Charles J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which is an integral part of pain signal transmission and modulation. It highlights the DRG’s critical role in the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. Neuromodulation at the DRG may result in the decline of cell hyperexcitability, which then modulates the sensation of chronic pain. Patient selection and contraindications for DRG stimulation are similar to spinal cord stimulation (SCS), wherein patients should have a defined pathology, addressed medical or psychiatric conditions, and proper treatment education. This chapter also provides the guidelines for patient position and needle placement. Additionally, DRG stimulation is one of the considerations in treating focal neuropathic pain syndromes.
Star cluster formation and feedback in different environments of a Milky Way-like galaxy
Authors: Ali Ahmad A , Dobbs Clare L , Bending Thomas J R , Buckner Anne S M , Pettitt Alex R 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
It remains unclear how galactic environment affects star formation and stellar cluster properties. This is difficult to address in Milky Way-mass galaxy simulations because of limited resolution and less accurate feedback compared to cloud-scale models. We carry out zoom-in simulations to re-simulate 100–$300 \,\rm {pc}$ regions of a Milky Way-like galaxy using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, including finer resolution ($0.4 \,\rm {M_{\odot }{}}$ per particle), cluster-sink particles, ray-traced photoionization from O stars, H2/CO chemistry, and interstellar medium heating/cooling. We select ∼$10^{6} \,\rm {M_{\odot }{}}$ cloud complexes from a galactic bar, inner spiral arm, outer arm, and inter-arm region (in order of galactocentric radius), retaining the original galactic potentials. The surface densities of star formation rate and neutral gas follow $\Sigma _\mathrm{SFR}\propto \Sigma _\mathrm{gas}^{1.3}$, with the bar lying higher up the relation than the other regions. However, the inter-arm region forms stars two to three times less efficiently than the arm models at the same Σgas. The bar produces the most massive cluster, the inner arm the second, and the inter-arm the third. Almost all clusters in the bar and inner arm are small (radii &lt;5 pc), while 30–50 per cent of clusters in the outer arm and inter-arm have larger radii more like associations. Bar and inner arm clusters rotate at least twice as fast, on average, than clusters in the outer arm and inter-arm regions. The degree of spatial clustering also decreases from bar to inter-arm. Our results indicate that young massive clusters, potentially progenitors of globular clusters, may preferentially form near the bar/inner arm compared to outer arm/inter-arm regions.
Nature of striation in 21 cm channel Maps: velocity caustics
Authors: Hu Yue , Lazarian A , Alina D , Pogosyan D , Ho Ka Wai 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
The alignment of striated intensity structures in thin neutral hydrogen (H i) spectroscopic channels with Galactic magnetic fields has been observed. However, the origin and nature of these striations are still debatable. Some studies suggest that the striations result solely from real cold-density filaments without considering the role of turbulent velocity fields in shaping the channel’s intensity distribution. To determine the relative contribution of density and velocity in forming the striations in channel maps, we analyse synthetic observations of channel maps obtained from realistic magnetized multiphase H i simulations with thermal broadening included. We vary the thickness of the channel maps and apply the Velocity Decomposition Algorithm to separate the velocity and density contributions. In parallel, we analyse GALFA-H i observations and compare the results. Our analysis shows that the thin channels are dominated by velocity contribution, and velocity caustics mainly generate the H i striations. We show that velocity caustics can cause a correlation between unsharp-masked H i structures and far-infrared emission. We demonstrate that the linear H i fibers revealed by the Rolling Hough Transform (RHT) in thin velocity channels originate from velocity caustics. As the thickness of channel maps increases, the relative contribution of density fluctuations in channel maps increases and more RHT-detected fibers tend to be perpendicular to the magnetic field. Conversely, the alignment with the magnetic field is the most prominent in thin channels. We conclude that similar to the velocity channel gradients (VChGs) approach, RHT traces magnetic fields through the analysis of velocity caustics in thin channel maps.
Stellar-mass black holes in the Hyades star cluster?
Authors: Torniamenti S , Gieles M , Penoyre Z , Jerabkova T , Wang L , Anders F 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Astrophysical models of binary-black hole mergers in the universe require a significant fraction of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) to receive negligible natal kicks to explain the gravitational wave detections. This implies that BHs should be retained even in open clusters with low escape velocities (≲1 km s−1). We search for signatures of the presence of BHs in the nearest open cluster to the Sun – the Hyades – by comparing density profiles of direct N-body models to data from Gaia. The observations are best reproduced by models with 2–3 BHs at present. Models that never possessed BHs have an half-mass radius $\sim 30~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ smaller than the observed value, while those where the last BHs were ejected recently (≲150 Myr ago) can still reproduce the density profile. In 50 per cent of the models hosting BHs, we find BHs with stellar companion(s). Their period distribution peaks at ∼103 yr, making them unlikely to be found through velocity variations. We look for potential BH companions through large Gaia astrometric and spectroscopic errors, identifying 56 binary candidates – none of which is consistent with a massive compact companion. Models with 2–3 BHs have an elevated central velocity dispersion, but observations cannot yet discriminate. We conclude that the present-day structure of the Hyades requires a significant fraction of BHs to receive natal kicks smaller than the escape velocity of $\sim 3 \, \mathrm{km \, s^{-1}}$ at the time of BH formation and that the nearest BHs to the Sun are in, or near, Hyades.
Applying wavelet analysis to the X-ray light curves of active galactic nuclei and quasi-periodic eruptions
Authors: Ghosh Akshay , Gallo L C , Gonzalez A G 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
In this work, we examine the application of the wavelet transform to the X-ray timing analyses of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and quasi-periodic eruption sources (QPEs). Several scenarios are simulated to test the effectiveness of the wavelet analysis to stationary and non-stationary data. We find that the power spectral density (PSD) slope and the nature of the periodic signal can influence the ability to identify important features in the wavelet power spectrum. In general, weak and transient features can be discerned, which make the wavelet spectrum an important tool in examining AGN light curves. We carried out a wavelet analysis to four unique objects: Ark 120, IRAS 13224-3809, RE J1034+396, and the QPE GSN 069. The well-known quasi-periodic oscillation (QPO) in RE J1034 + 396 is significantly detected in the wavelet power spectrum. In IRAS 13224-3809, significant transient features appear during a flare at frequencies coincident with previously detected reverberation signals. Finally, the wavelet power spectrum of the QPE GSN 069 significantly reveals four persistent signals that exhibit a 3:2 ratio in oscillation frequencies, consistent with high-frequency QPOs in stellar mass X-ray binaries, but we cannot rule out the possibility this is an artefact of the calculation.
X-ray polarimetry of X-ray pulsar X Persei: another orthogonal rotator?
Authors: Mushtukov A A , Tsygankov S S , Poutanen J , Doroshenko V , Salganik A , Costa E , Marco A Di , Heyl J , Monaca F La , Lutovinov A A , Mereminsky I A , Papitto A , Semena A N , Shtykovsky A E , Suleimanov V F , Forsblom S V , González-Caniulef D , Malacaria C , Sunyaev R A , Agudo I , Antonelli L A , Bachetti M , Baldini L , Baumgartner W H , Bellazzini R , Bianchi S , Bongiorno S D , Bonino R , Brez A , Bucciantini N , Capitanio F , Castellano S , Cavazzuti E , Chen C-T , Ciprini S , De Rosa A , Del Monte E , Gesu L Di , Lalla N Di , Donnarumma I , Dovčiak M , Ehlert S R , Enoto T , Evangelista Y , Fabiani S , Ferrazzoli R , Garcia J A , Gunji S , Hayashida K , Iwakiri W , Jorstad S G , Kaaret P , Karas V , Kislat F , Kitaguchi T , Kolodziejczak J J , Krawczynski H , Latronico L , Liodakis I , Maldera S , Manfreda A , Marin F , Marscher A P , Marshall H L , Massaro F , Matt G , Mitsuishi I , Mizuno T , Muleri F , Negro M , Ng C-Y , O’Dell S L , Omodei N , Oppedisano C , Pavlov G G , Peirson A L , Perri M , Pesce-Rollins M , Petrucci P-O , Pilia M , Possenti A , Puccetti S , Ramsey B D , Rankin J , Ratheesh A , Roberts O J , Romani R W , Sgrò C , Slane P , Soffitta P , Spandre G , Swartz D A , Tamagawa T , Tavecchio F , Taverna R , Tawara Y , Tennant A F , Thomas N E , Tombesi F , Trois A , Turolla R , Vink J , Weisskopf M C , Wu K , Xie F , Zane S 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
X Persei is a persistent low-luminosity X-ray pulsar of period of ≈ 835 s in a Be binary system. The field strength at the neutron star surface is not known precisely, but indirect signs indicate a magnetic field above 1013 G, which makes the object one of the most magnetized known X-ray pulsars. Here we present the results of observations X Persei performed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). The X-ray polarization signal was found to be strongly dependent on the spin phase of the pulsar. The energy-averaged polarization degree in 3–8 keV band varied from several to ∼20 per cent over the pulse with a phase dependence resembling the pulse profile. The polarization angle shows significant variation and makes two complete revolutions during the pulse period, resulting in nearly nil pulse-phase averaged polarization. Applying the rotating vector model to the IXPE data we obtain the estimates for the rotation axis inclination and its position angle on the sky, as well as for the magnetic obliquity. The derived inclination is close to the orbital inclination, reported earlier for X Persei. The polarimetric data imply a large angle between the rotation and magnetic dipole axes, which is similar to the result reported recently for the X-ray pulsar GRO J1008−57. After eliminating the effect of polarization angle rotation over the pulsar phase using the best-fitting rotating vector model, the strong dependence of the polarization degree with energy was discovered, with its value increasing from 0 at ∼2 keV to 30per cent at 8 keV.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Ceftazidime/Avibactam-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase–Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections: A Retrospective, Observational, 2-Center Clinical Study
Authors: Oliva Alessandra , Campogiani Laura , Savelloni Giulia , Vitale Pietro , Lodi Alessandra , Sacco Frederica , Imeneo Alessandra , Volpicelli Lorenzo , Polani Riccardo , Raponi Giammarco , Sarmati Loredana , Venditti Mario 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Recently, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) with resistance to ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA-R) has been described, including KPC variants that restore carbapenem susceptibility. The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of infections caused by CZA-R KPC-Kp.

Methods
From 2019 to 2021, a retrospective 2-center study including patients with infections due to CZA-R KPC-Kp hospitalized at 2 academic hospitals in Rome was conducted. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. Principal outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata-IC17 software.

Results
Overall, 59 patients were included (mean age, 64.4 ± 14.6 years; mean Charlson comorbidity index score, 4.5 ± 2.7). Thirty-four patients (57.6%) had infections caused by CZA-R and meropenem (MEM)–susceptible strains. A previous CZA therapy was observed in 40 patients (67.8%), mostly in patients with MEM-susceptible KPC variant (79.4% vs 52%, P = .026). Primary bacteremia was observed in 28.8%, followed by urinary tract infections and pneumonia. At infection onset, septic shock was present in 15 subjects (25.4%). After adjustment for confounders, only the presence of septic shock was independently associated with mortality (P = .006).

Conclusions
Infections due to CZA-R KPC-Kp often occur in patients who had previously received CZA, especially in the presence of strains susceptible to MEM. Nevertheless, one-third of patients had never received CZA before KPC-Kp CZA-R. Since the major driver for mortality was infection severity, understanding the optimal therapy in patients with KPC-Kp CZA-R infections is of crucial importance.
Understanding the policing practices associated with civil preventive orders and notices in England and Wales to regulate the conduct of society’s perceived deviant others: A systematic review
Authors: Rodgers Zoe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article aims to present the first systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the policing practices associated with civil preventive orders and notices within England and Wales to address sub-criminal and criminal behaviour. The updated Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting criteria are used to report the process transparently. Despite 24 powers considered for inclusion, this review found limited literature, including only 13 pieces of original empirical research. These studies found significant variations in policing practice concerning the issuing process, evidential thresholds required to issue, use of informal alternatives, training provided, and breach procedures. As a result, this article offers thirteen policy, practice, and research recommendations to support the creation of best practices.
Transdiagnostic Predictors of Everyday Functioning: Examining the Relationships of Depression and Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Dalloul Nada , Moran Erin K , Gold James M , Carter Cameron S , MacDonald Angus W , Ragland J Daniel , Silverstein Steven M , Luck Steven J , Barch Deanna M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Impairments in function (ie, the ability to independently accomplish daily tasks) have been established in psychotic disorders. Identifying factors that contribute to these deficits is essential to developing effective interventions. The current study had several goals: examine potential differential relationships across domains of neurocognition, assess whether reinforcement learning is related to function, identify if predictors of function are transdiagnostic, determine whether depression and positive symptoms contribute to function, and to explore whether the modality of assessment impacts observed relationships.

Study Design
Data from 274 participants were examined with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder (SZ; n = 195) and bipolar disorder (BD; n = 79). To reduce dimensionality, a PCA was completed on neurocognitive tasks which resulted in 3 components. These components and clinical interview data were used to investigate predictors of functional domains across measures of function (self- and informant-report SLOF and UPSA).

Results
Two components, working memory/processing speed/episodic memory (βs = 0.18–0.42), and negative/positive reinforcement learning (β = −0.04), predicted different functional domains. Predictors of function were largely transdiagnostic with two exceptions: reinforcement learning had a positive association with self-reported interpersonal relationships for SZ and a negative association for BD (β = 0.34), and the negative association between positive symptoms and self-reported social acceptability was stronger for BD than for SZ (β = 0.93). Depression robustly predicted self-reported but not informant-reported function, and anhedonia predicted all domains of informant-reported function.

Conclusions
These findings imply that reinforcement learning may differentially relate to function across disorders, traditional domains of neurocognition can be effective transdiagnostic targets for interventions, and positive symptoms and depression play a critical role in self-perceived functional impairments.
Exploring the potential relationships among obstructive sleep apnea, erectile dysfunction, and gut microbiota: a narrative review
Authors: Andersen Monica Levy , Gozal David , Pires Gabriel Natan , Tufik Sergio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Poor sleep quality is closely associated with comorbidities affecting a multitude of organ systems. Among the sleep disorders in the population, there has recently been an increase in the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which has particularly affected men. The intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation associated with OSA can result in the manifestation or aggravation of a number of pathophysiologic conditions, including the impairment of reproductive function in men and women. In this context, erectile dysfunction (ED) is of particular concern. Other consequences of OSA are changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota, with the resultant dysbiosis having potentially harmful consequences that promote downstream exacerbation of various comorbidities.

Objectives
This narrative review aims to explore the potential relationships among ED, gut microbiota, and OSA.

Methods
A search of the relevant literature was performed in the PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science databases.

Results
Sleep is important for regulating the body’s functions, and sleep deprivation can negatively affect health. OSA can damage organic functions, including reproductive function, and can lead to ED. Restoring the microbiota and improving sleep can help to improve sexual function or reverse ED and enhance other associated conditions mediated through the gut-brain axis relationship. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used as supportive strategies in the prevention and treatment of OSA, as they help to reduce systemic inflammation and improve intestinal barrier function.

Conclusion
A good diet, a healthy lifestyle, and proper bowel function are essential in controlling depression and several other pathologies. Modulating the gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotics can provide a viable strategy for developing new therapeutic options in treating many conditions. A better understanding of these a priori unrelated phenomena would foster our understanding of the effects of OSA on human fertility and how changes in gut microbiota may play a role.
Overexpression of PsAMT1.2 in poplar enhances nitrogen utilization and resistance to drought stress
Authors: Zhang Chunxia , Li Yang , Yang Tianli , Shi Mengting 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Ammonium is an important form of inorganic nitrogen, which is essential for plant growth and development, and the uptake of ammonium is mediated by different members of ammonium transporters (AMTs). It is reported that PsAMT1.2 is specially expressed in the root of poplar, and the overexpression of PsAMT1.2 could improve plant growth and the salt tolerance of poplar. However, the role of AMTs in plant drought and low nitrogen (LN) resistance remains unclear. To understand the role of PsAMT1.2 in drought and LN tolerance, the response of PsAMT1.2-overexpression poplar to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought stress (5% PEG) under LN (0.001 mM NH4NO3) and moderate nitrogen (0.5 mM NH4NO3) conditions was investigated. The PsAMT1.2-overexpression poplar showed better growth with increased stem increment, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, root length, root area, average root diameter and root volume under drought and/or LN stress compared with the wild type (WT). Meanwhile, the content of malondialdehyde significantly decreased, and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase significantly increased in the roots and leaves of PsAMT1.2-overexpression poplar compared with WT. The content of NH4+ and NO2− in the roots and leaves of PsAMT1.2-overexpression poplar was increased, and nitrogen metabolism–related genes, such as GS1.3, GS2, Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT, were significantly upregulated in the roots and/or leaves of PsAMT1.2-overexpression poplar compared with WT under drought and LN stress. The result of this study would be helpful for understanding the function of PsAMT1.2 in plant drought and LN tolerance and also provides a new insight into improving the drought and LN tolerance of Populus at the molecular level.
Loss of NOR‐1 represses muscle metabolism through mTORC1‐mediated signaling and mitochondrial gene expression in C2C12 myotubes
Authors: Paez Hector G. , Ferrandi Peter J. , Pitzer Christopher R. , Mohamed Junaith S. , Alway Stephen E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGene expression of the NR4A nuclear orphan receptor NOR‐1 is reduced in obesity and in human skeletal muscle during disuse. It has been well established that NOR‐1 is highly responsive to both aerobic and resistance exercise and NOR‐1 overexpression is coincident with a plethora of metabolic benefits. However, it is unclear whether loss of NOR‐1 contributes to inappropriate metabolic signaling in skeletal muscle that could lead to insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the impact of NOR‐1 deficiency on C2C12 metabolic signaling. Changes in gene expression after siRNA‐mediated NOR‐1 knockdown in C2C12 myotubes were determined by qPCR and bioinformatic analysis of RNA‐Seq data. Our RNA‐Seq data identified several metabolic targets regulated by NOR‐1 and implicates NOR‐1 as a modulator of mTORC1 signaling via Akt‐independent mechanisms. Furthermore, pathway analysis revealed NOR‐1 knockdown perturbs the insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity pathways. Taken together, these data suggest skeletal muscle NOR‐1 deficiency may contribute to altered metabolic signaling that is consistent with metabolic disease. We postulate that strategies that improve NOR‐1 may be important to offset the negative impact that inactivity, obesity, and type 2 diabetes have on mitochondria and muscle metabolism.