bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anakinra—An Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist for COVID-19
Authors: Nguyen Timothy , Dima Lorena , Willett Kristine C. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus caused a global pandemic in 2019. There are limited pharmacologic options available. The Food and Drug Administration initiated an emergency use authorization process to expedite pharmacologic agents to treat COVID-19. There are several agents available through the emergency use authorization process, ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir, remdesivir, and baricitinib. Anakinra is an interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist that exhibits properties in fighting against COVID-19.

Mechanism of Action, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics:
Anakinra is a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist. The epithelial cell damage that may occur with COVID-19 enhances the release of IL-1, which plays a central role in severe cases. Thus, drugs that inhibit the IL-1 receptor may be beneficial in the management of COVID-19. Anakinra has good bioavailability after subcutaneous injection and a half-life of up to 6 hours.

Clinical Trials:
The SAVE-MORE, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, phase 3 evaluated the efficacy and safety of anakinra. Anakinra 100 mg was given subcutaneously daily for up to 10 days in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 and plasma suPAR ≥6 ng/mL. Anakinra group had a 50.4% fully recovered with no viral RNA detected on day 28 versus 26.5% for placebo, and more than 50% of relative decrease in mortality. A significantly decreased risk of worse clinical outcome was observed.

Therapeutic Advance:
COVID-19 causes global pandemic and a serious viral disease. There are limited therapy options to combat this deadly disease. Anakinra is an IL-1 receptor antagonist and shown to be effective for the treatment of COVID-19 in some trials but not others. Anakinra, the first in this class, seems to have a mix result for the treatment of COVID-19.
Chronic kidney disease with unknown cause across the global spectrum
Authors: Nast Cynthia C. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
In the 1990s, a type of chronic kidney disease with unknown cause (CKDu) was identified in Central America and Sri Lanka. Patients lacked hypertension, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, or other usual causes of kidney failure. Affected patients are predominantly male agricultural workers aged 20–60 years, living in economically disadvantaged areas with poor access to medical care. Patients typically present late and progress to end-stage kidney disease within 5 years, resulting in social and economic hardship for families, regions, and countries. This review covers the current state of knowledge for this disease.

Recent findings
The prevalence of CKDu is increasing in known endemic regions and across the globe, reaching epidemic proportions. There is primary tubulointerstitial injury with secondary glomerular and vascular sclerosis. No definitive etiologic factors have been identified, and these may vary or overlap in different geographic locations. The leading hypotheses include exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and trace elements, and kidney injury from dehydration/heat stress. Infections and lifestyle factors may play a role, but are likely not key. Genetic and epigenetic factors are beginning to be explored.

Summary
CKDu is a leading cause of premature death in young-to-middle-aged adults in endemic regions and has become a public health crisis. Studies are underway to investigate clinical, exposome, and omics factors, and hopefully will provide insights into pathogenetic mechanisms resulting in biomarker discovery, preventive measures, and therapeutics.
Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 on Facial Aesthetic Surgery Search Interest
Authors: Herzog Isabel , Park John , Didzbalis Christoper James , Weisberger Joseph , Tran Bao N. , Lee Edward S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic reshaped many components of modern health care practice. Before the pandemic, research was beginning to demonstrate the impact of self-facing cameras, selfie images, and webcams on patient interest in head and neck (H&N) aesthetic surgery. We sought to determine temporal changes in patient interest in aesthetic surgery of the H&N as compared with the rest of the body because of COVID-19, and the subsequent surge in Web-conferencing and telecommunication. The 2020 Plastic Surgery Trends Report produced by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons was used to identify the 5 most common aesthetic surgical procedures performed on the H&N and the rest of the body for 2019: blepharoplasty, face lift, rhinoplasty, neck lift, cheek implant, and breast lift, liposuction, tummy tuck, breast augmentation, and breast reduction, respectively. Google Trends filters, which provide relative search interest for greater than 85% of Internet searches, were applied to gauge interest from January 2019 to April 2022. Relative search interest and mean interest were plotted as a function of time for each term. Our findings demonstrate a sharp decline in online aesthetic surgery interest in March 2020, coinciding with the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic for both the H&N and the rest of the body. Search interest increased shortly after March 2020 and reached values greater than those of the prepandemic year (2019) in 2021 for rest of the body procedures. After March 2020, there was a brief, sharp increase in search interest for rhinoplasty, neck lift, and facelift, whereas patient interest in blepharoplasty increased more gradually. There was no increase in search interest for H&N procedures as a result of COVID-19 when using the mean values of the included procedures, although current interest has returned to prepandemic levels. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a disruption of normal trends in aesthetic surgery interest, with a sharp decline in search interest in March 2020. Afterward, there was a sharp increase in rhinoplasty, face lift, neck lift, and blepharoplasty interest. Patient interest in blepharoplasty and neck lift has remained elevated compared with 2019. Interest in rest of the body procedures has returned to and even surpassed prepandemic levels.
Comparative Evaluation of the Electronic Residency Application Service Versus the Plastic Surgery Common Application to a Single Institution in the 2022 Integrated Plastic Surgery Match
Authors: Cordero Justin J. , Kondra Katelyn , Etemad Shervin , Swerdlow Mark , Yenikomshian Haig , Carey Joseph N. 
Published: February 2023

Background
The Plastic Surgery Common Application (PSCA) has emerged as a low-cost alternative application portal to the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) for integrated plastic surgery applicants. During the 2021 to 2022 application cycle, our plastic surgery residency program accepted both the PSCA and ERAS applications to help recruit candidates otherwise deterred by prohibitively high application costs. We sought to determine how the PSCA compared with the ERAS application in a standardized review of applications scores.

Methods
The PSCA and ERAS applications from 28 candidates who received interviews from the Keck School of Medicine were analyzed. These 56 applications were randomly assigned across 22 independent reviewers. Each reviewer scored applications on a scale of 1 to 5 with regard to communication skills, leadership, intellectual curiosity, compatibility with the program, service, and perseverance. Mean scores between the applications were compared using 2-tailed z tests, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results
The 56 residency applications had a combined mean score of 4.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.13–4.29). The mean score of PSCA applications (4.19; 95% CI, 4.08–4.31) did not significantly differ from the mean score of ERAS applications (4.24; 95% CI, 4.12–4.35; P = 0.57). The PSCA and ERAS applications did not have a significant difference in the mean scores for any review category.

Conclusion
There was no difference between the overall scores and the scores of each review category between the PSCA and ERAS applications, suggesting that the PSCA may be a reasonable alternative to ERAS for medical students applying to plastic surgery residency.
Draft Genome Sequences of 11 Xanthomonas Strains associated with bacterial spot disease in Turkey
Authors: Subedi Aastha , Kara Serhat , Aysan Yesim , Minsavage Gerald V. , Timilsina Sujan , Roberts Pamela D. , Goss Erica M. , Jones Jeffrey B. 
Published: February 2023

Bacterial spot is an economically significant disease in tomato and pepper-producing countries globally. We report the whole genome sequence of 11 Xanthomonas strains associated with bacterial spot disease on pepper, tomato, and eggplant in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. This genomic information can be used as a reference to study the genetic diversity of these species and contribute to illuminating pathogen evolution with respect to host specificity.
Subcortical brain alterations in carriers of genomic copy number variants
Authors: Kumar Kuldeep , Modenato Claudia , Moreau Clara , Ching Christopher R. K. , Harvey Annabelle , Martin-Brevet Sandra , Huguet Guillaume , Jean-Louis Martineau , Douard Elise , Martin Charles-Olivier , Younis Nadine , Tamer Petra , Maillard Anne M. , Rodriguez-Herreros Borja , Pain Aurélie , Richetin Sonia ,   16p11.2 European Consortium,   Simons Searchlight Consortium, Kushan Leila , Isaev Dmitry , Alpert Kathryn , Ragothaman Anjani , Turner Jessica A. , Wang Lei , Ho Tiffany C. , Schmaal Lianne , Silva Ana I. , van den Bree Marianne B.M. , Linden David E.J. , Owen Michael J. , Hall Jeremy , Lippé Sarah , Dumas Guillaume , Draganski Bogdan , Gutman Boris A. , Sønderby Ida E. , Andreassen Ole A. , Schultz Laura , Almasy Laura , Glahn David C. , Bearden Carrie E. , Thompson Paul M. , Jacquemont Sébastien 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesCopy number variants (CNVs) are well-known genetic pleiotropic risk factors for multiple neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders (NPDs) including autism (ASD) and schizophrenia (SZ). Overall, little is known about how different CNVs conferring risk for the same condition may affect subcortical brain structures and how these alterations relate to the level of disease risk conferred by CNVs. To fill this gap, we investigated gross volume, and vertex level thickness and surface maps of subcortical structures in 11 different CNVs and 6 different NPDs.MethodsSubcortical structures were characterized using harmonized ENIGMA protocols in 675 CNV carriers (at the following loci: 1q21.1, TAR, 13q12.12, 15q11.2, 16p11.2, 16p13.11, and 22q11.2) and 782 controls (Male/Female: 727/730; age-range: 6-80 years) as well as ENIGMA summary-statistics for ASD, SZ, ADHD, Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder, Bipolar-Disorder, and Major-Depression.ResultsNine of the 11 CNVs affected volume of at least one subcortical structure. The hippocampus and amygdala were affected by five CNVs. Effect sizes of CNVs on subcortical volume, thickness and local surface area were correlated with their previously reported effect sizes on cognition and risk for ASD and SZ. Shape analyses were able to identify subregional alterations that were averaged out in volume analyses. We identified a common latent dimension - characterized by opposing effects on basal ganglia and limbic structures - across CNVs and across NPDs.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that subcortical alterations associated with CNVs show varying levels of similarities with those associated with neuropsychiatric conditions. We also observed distinct effects with some CNVs clustering with adult conditions while others clustered with ASD. This large cross-CNV and NPDs analysis provide insight into the long-standing questions of why CNVs at different genomic loci increase the risk for the same NPD, as well as why a single CNV increases the risk for a diverse set of NPDs.
The Utility of ChatGPT as an Example of Large Language Models in Healthcare Education, Research and Practice: Systematic Review on the Future Perspectives and Potential Limitations
Authors: Sallam Malik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAn artificial intelligence (AI)-based conversational large language model (LLM) was launched in November 2022 namely, “ChatGPT”. Despite the wide array of potential applications of LLMs in healthcare education, research and practice, several valid concerns were raised. The current systematic review aimed to investigate the possible utility of ChatGPT and to highlight its limitations in healthcare education, research and practice. Using the PRIMSA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted to retrieve English records in PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar under the term “ChatGPT”. Eligibility criteria included the published research or preprints of any type that discussed ChatGPT in the context of healthcare education, research and practice. A total of 280 records were identified, and following full screening, a total of 60 records were eligible for inclusion. Benefits/applications of ChatGPT were cited in 51/60 (85.0%) records with the most common being the utility in scientific writing followed by benefits in healthcare research (efficient analysis of massive datasets, code generation and rapid concise literature reviews besides utility in drug discovery and development). Benefits in healthcare practice included cost saving, documentation, personalized medicine and improved health literacy. Concerns/possible risks of ChatGPT use were expressed in 58/60 (96.7%) records with the most common being the ethical issues including the risk of bias, plagiarism, copyright issues, transparency issues, legal issues, lack of originality, incorrect responses, limited knowledge, and inaccurate citations. Despite the promising applications of ChatGPT which can result in paradigm shifts in healthcare education, research and practice, the embrace of this application should be done with extreme caution. Specific applications of ChatGPT in health education include the promising utility in personalized learning tools and shift towards more focus on critical thinking and problem-based learning. In healthcare practice, ChatGPT can be valuable for streamlining the workflow and refining personalized medicine. Saving time for the focus on experimental design and enhancing research equity and versatility are the benefits in scientific research. Regarding authorship in scientific articles, as it currently stands, ChatGPT does not qualify to be listed as an author unless the ICMJE/COPE guidelines are revised and amended. An initiative involving all stakeholders involved in healthcare education, research and practice is urgently needed to set a code of ethics and conduct on the responsible practices involving ChatGPT among other LLMs.
Efficient Viral Capture and Inactivation from Bioaerosols Using Electrostatic Precipitation
Authors: Preston Hannah E. , Bayliss Rebecca , Temperton Nigel , Neto Martin Mayora , Brewer Jason , Parker Alan L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe presence of infectious viral particles in bioaerosols generated during laparoscopic surgery places surgical staff at significant risk of infection and represents a major cause of nosocomial infection. These factors contributed to the postponement and cancellation of countless surgical procedures during the early stages of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, causing backlogs, increased waiting times for surgical procedures and excess deaths indirectly related to the pandemic. The development and implementation of devices that effectively inactivate viral particles from bioaerosols would be beneficial in limiting or preventing the spread of infections from such bioaerosols. Here, we sought to evaluate whether electrostatic precipitation (EP) is a viable means to capture and inactivate both non-enveloped (Adenovirus) and enveloped (SARS-CoV-2 Pseudotyped Lentivirus) viral particles present in bioaerosols. We developed a closed-system model to mimic the release of bioaerosols during laparoscopic surgery. Known concentrations of each virus were aerosolised into the model system, exposed to EP using a commercially available system (UltravisionTM, Alesi Surgical Limited, UK) and collected in a BioSampler for analysis. Using qPCR to quantify viral genomes and transduction assays to quantify biological activity, we show that both enveloped and non-enveloped viral particles were efficiently captured and inactivated by EP. Both capture and inactivation could be further enhanced when increasing the voltage to 10kV, or when using two Ultravision™discharge electrodes together at 8kV. This study highlights EP as an efficient means for capturing and inactivating viral particles present in bioaerosols. The use of EP may limit the spread of diseases, reducing nosocomial infections and potentially enable the continuation of surgical procedures during periods of viral pandemics.HighlightsBioaerosols released from patients during surgery have the potential to facilitate viral spread.Ultravision™technology works via the process of electrostatic precipitation.Electrostatic precipitation can be manipulated to capture and inactivate aerosolised viral particles, preventing viral spread.Electrostatic precipitation is effective against both enveloped and non-enveloped viral particles.Electrostatic precipitation represents a viable means to reduce nosocomial infections.Graphical Abstract
Longitudinal dynamics ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage and SARS-CoV-2 infection in households with children
Authors: Miellet Willem R. , Mariman Rob , Eggink Dirk , Nicolaie Mioara A. , van Veldhuizen Janieke , Pluister Gerlinde , Kolodziej Lisa M. , van Lelyveld Steven F.L. , Euser Sjoerd M. , Sanders Elisabeth A.M. , van Houten Marianne A. , Trzciński Krzysztof 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo characterize interferences betweenStreptococcus pneumoniaeand SARS-CoV-2 we investigated the longitudinal patterns of viral infection and pneumococcal carriage in households infected with SARS-CoV-2.MethodsSARS-CoV-2 and pneumococcus were detected with quantitative molecular methods in saliva from members of eighty participating households. Samples were collected between October 2020 and January 2021 from n=197 adults and n=118 children of which n=176 adults and n=98 children had a complete set of ten samples collected within 42 days since enrolment. Time-dependent Cox models were used to evaluate the associations between SARS-CoV-2 and pneumococcal carriage.ResultsIn the entire cohort, cumulative pneumococcal carriage and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates were 58% and 65%, respectively. Pneumococcal abundances were associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR 1.14, 95% CI, 1.01 – 1.29,P=0.04) and delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR 0.90, 95% CI, 0.82 – 0.99,P=0.03). Elevated viral loads were observed among pneumococcal carriers and individuals with high overall bacterial 16S abundances, however, there were no longitudinal differences in viral loads in linear mixed-effects models. Individuals with high 16S abundances displayed delayed viral clearance (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.55 – 0.78,P<0.0001).ConclusionsAlthough we found insufficient evidence for a strong impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pneumococcal carriage. Results from the current study suggest that pneumococcal carriers may have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and high pneumococcal abundances and 16S abundances may be associated with elevated viral loads and delayed clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The Snoring Survivors
Authors: Ogbu Ikechukwu , Hakobyan Bagrat , Sossou Christoph , Levisman Jeffrey , Obiagwu Chukwudi , Danielian Alfred 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe routine administration of supplemental oxygen to non-hypoxic patients with acute myocardial infarction has been abandoned for lack of mortality benefit. However, the benefits of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use in patients hospitalized with acute cardiovascular disease and concomitant obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remain to be elucidated.MethodsUsing ICD-10-CM codes, we searched the 2016-2019 Nationwide Inpatient Sample for patients diagnosed with unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), and atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (AFRVR), who also carried a diagnosis of OSA. We identified in-hospital CPAP use with ICD-10-PCS codes. In-hospital death, length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges were compared between patients with and without OSA, and between OSA patients with and without CPAP use.ResultsOur sample included 2,959,991 patients, of which 1.5% were diagnosed with UA, 30.3% with AMI, 37.5% with ADHF, and 45.8% with AF. OSA was present in 12.3%. Patients with OSA were more likely to be younger, male, smokers, obese, have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, and heart failure (p< 0.001 for all). Patients with OSA had significantly lower in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.71, 95% CI [0.7-0.73]). Among patients with OSA, CPAP use significantly increased the odds of in-hospital death (aOR: 1.51, 95% CI [1.44-1.60]), LOS (adjusted mean difference of 1.49 days, 95% CI [1.43, 1.55]), and hospital charges (adjusted mean difference of $1168, 95% CI [273, 2062]).ConclusionOur study showed that patients with recognized OSA and hospitalized for AMI, ADHF or AFRVR, who were not treated with CPAP, had significantly lower in-hospital mortality and resource utilization.
Selective IL-27 production by intestinal regulatory T cells permits gut-specific regulation of Th17 immunity
Authors: Lin Chia-Hao , Wu Cheng-Jang , Cho Sunglim , Patkar Rasika , Lin Ling-Li , Chen Mei-Chi , Israelsson Elisabeth , Betts Joanne , Niedzielska Magdalena , Patel Shefali A. , Duong Han G. , Gerner Romana R. , Hsu Chia-Yun , Catley Matthew , Maciewicz Rose A. , Chu Hiutung , Raffatellu Manuela , Chang John T. , Lu Li-Fan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRegulatory T (Treg) cells are instrumental in establishing immunological tolerance. However, the precise effector mechanisms by which Treg cells control a specific type of immune response in a given tissue remains unresolved. By simultaneously studying Treg cells from different tissue origins under systemic autoimmunity, here we show that IL-27 is specifically produced by intestinal Treg cells to regulate Th17 immunity. Selectively increased intestinal Th17 responses in mice with Treg cell-specific IL-27 ablation led to exacerbated intestinal inflammation and colitis-associated cancer, but also helped protect against enteric bacterial infection. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptomic analysis has identified a CD83+TCF1+Treg cell subset that is distinct from previously characterized intestinal Treg cell populations as the main IL-27 producers. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel Treg cell suppression mechanism crucial for controlling a specific type of immune response in a particular tissue, and provides further mechanistic insights into tissue-specific Treg cell-mediated immune regulation.