bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecosystem Metabolism Is the Dominant Source of Carbon Dioxide in Three Young Boreal Cascade‐Reservoirs (La Romaine Complex, Québec)
Authors: Barbosa Pedro M. , Bodmer Pascal , Stadler Masumi , Rust Felipe , Tremblay Alain , del Giorgio Paul A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe impoundment of rivers for multipurpose reservoirs has significant consequences to the carbon cycle, one of the most relevant being the increase in greenhouse gases emissions. Reservoirs have been shown to be net sources of such gases to the atmosphere, emitting between 0.8 and 1.08 Pg carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents per year. Even though emission estimates have become common, less is known about the processes driving this CO2 excess, a prerequisite for understanding and ultimately predicting and managing CO2 emissions from reservoirs. In the present study, we aimed at exploring ecosystem metabolism (gross primary production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production [NEP]) and its environmental drivers in three young hydroelectric reservoirs in a cascade configuration but with distinctive morphometries (shape, depth, and size). By combining our metabolic measurements with a hydrological mass balance approach, we quantified the relative contributions of internal (ecosystem metabolism) versus external sources (tributaries and groundwater) to the reservoir surface diffusive CO2 emissions. There was a predominance of net heterotrophy in all sites, and metabolism played a key role in fueling CO2 fluxes in all three reservoirs, NEP alone being able to account for the measured fluxes in approximately 50% of all sites. Internal production was thus the main process explaining total reservoir CO2 diffusive emissions (∼100%), with groundwater and tributaries contributing similarly but more modestly (∼9% each). Our results contribute to our understanding of the processes underlying boreal reservoir carbon footprints, and in particular, for apportioning the emissions can be attributed to the reservoir itself.
Simulating the Transport and Rupture of Pollen in the Atmosphere
Authors: Subba Tamanna , Zhang Yingxiao , Steiner Allison L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPollen, one type of primary biological aerosol particle (PBAP), is emitted from the terrestrial biosphere and can undergo physical changes in the atmosphere via particle rupture. To examine the fate of pollen and its atmospheric processing, a pollen emission and transport scheme is coupled to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF‐Chem). We simulate the emission of pollen and its impacts on the cloud properties and precipitation in the Southern Great Plains from 12 to 19 April 2013, a period with both high pollen emissions and convective activity. We conduct a suite of ensemble runs that simulate primary pollen and three different pollen rupture mechanisms that generate subpollen particles, including (a) high humidity‐induced surface rupture, (b) high humidity‐induced in‐atmosphere plus surface rupture, and (c) lightning‐induced rupture, where in‐cloud and cloud‐to‐ground lightning strikes trigger pollen rupture events. When relative humidity is high (>80%), coarse primary pollen (∼1 μg m−3) is converted into fine subpollen particles (∼1.2e−4 μg m−3), which produces 80% more subpollen particles than lightning‐induced rupture. The in‐atmosphere humidity‐driven rupture predominantly produces subpollen particles, which is further enhanced during a frontal thunderstorm. During strong convection, vertical updrafts lift primary pollen and subpollen particles (∼0.5e−4 μg m−3) to the upper troposphere (∼12 km) and laterally transports the ruptured pollen in the anvil top outflow. In regions of high pollen and strong convection, ruptured pollen can influence warm cloud formation by decreasing low cloud (<4 km) cloud water mixing ratios and increasing ice phase hydrometeors aloft (>10 km).
Specifying High Altitude Electrons Using Low‐Altitude LEO Systems: Updates to the SHELLS Model
Authors: Boyd A. J. , Green J. C. , O’Brien T. P. , Claudepierre S. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe describe a new version of the SHELLS model, which specifies the outer electron belt environment as observed by the Van Allen Probes using the Kp Index and data from Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites and the Meteorological Operational satellites as inputs. The updated model combines the radial, angular and energy dependence into a single neural network, allowing for specification of the electron environment for a set of user input energy, L‐shell and Bmirror values. We demonstrate that the model can accurately reproduce the outer electron radiation belt dynamics using both out‐of‐sample data from the Van Allen Probes and measurements from the Combined X‐ray Dosimeter instrument on GPS. This updated model will provide valuable characterization of the internal charging hazard for non‐GEO orbits, particularly in the post‐Van Allen Probes era.
Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis With Dependent Variables: Covariance‐Based Decomposition of Hydrologic Models
Authors: Gao Yifu , Sahin Abdullah , Vrugt Jasper A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVariance‐based analysis has emerged as method of choice for quantifying the sensitivity of the output, y, of a scalar‐valued square‐integrable function, f ∈ L2(), to its d ≥ 1 input variables, x = {x1, …, xd}, with support . The prototype of this approach, Sobol's method is a generalization of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to d > 2 independent input variables and decomposes y, as sum of elementary functions of zeroth‐, first‐, second‐, up to dth‐order. This independence assumption is mathematically convenient but may not be borne out of the causal or correlational relationships between the x's. This paper is concerned with variance‐based sensitivity analysis (SA) for correlated input variables, for example, multivariate dependencies in a posterior parameter distribution. We use high‐dimensional model representation (HDMR) of Li et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9096919), Li and Rabitz (2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-011-9898-0) and replace Sobol's elementary functions with so‐called component functions with unknown expansion coefficients to disentangle the structural, correlative and total contribution of input factors. We contrast the default HDMR methodology with cubic B‐splines and sequential coefficient estimation against its successor, HDMRext of Li and Rabitz (2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10910-011-9898-0), which uses polynomial component functions with an extended orthonormalized basis. Benchmark experiments confirm that HDMR and HDMRext parse out the structural and correlative contributions of input factors to the model output and infer an optimal experimental design with parameter correlation. Our last study applies HDMRext to probabilistic SA of a watershed model. The multivariate posterior parameter distribution supports model emulation and yields sensitivity indices that pertain to measured discharge data.
Single-shot ultrafast terahertz photography
Authors: Dong Junliang , You Pei , Tomasino Alessandro , Yurtsever Aycan , Morandotti Roberto 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultidimensional imaging of transient events has proven pivotal in unveiling many fundamental mechanisms in physics, chemistry, and biology. In particular, real-time imaging modalities with ultrahigh temporal resolutions are required for capturing ultrashort events on picosecond timescales. Despite recent approaches witnessing a dramatic boost in high-speed photography, current single-shot ultrafast imaging schemes operate only at conventional optical wavelengths, being suitable solely within an optically-transparent framework. Here, leveraging on the unique penetration capability of terahertz radiation, we demonstrate a single-shot ultrafast terahertz photography system that can capture multiple frames of a complex ultrafast scene in non-transparent media with sub-picosecond temporal resolution. By multiplexing an optical probe beam in both the time and spatial-frequency domains, we encode the terahertz-captured three-dimensional dynamics into distinct spatial-frequency regions of a superimposed optical image, which is then computationally decoded and reconstructed. Our approach opens up the investigation of non-repeatable or destructive events that occur in optically-opaque scenarios.
Rewired m6A epitranscriptomic networks link mutant p53 to neoplastic transformation
Authors: Xu An , Liu Mo , Huang Mo-Fan , Zhang Yang , Hu Ruifeng , Gingold Julian A. , Liu Ying , Zhu Dandan , Chien Chian-Shiu , Wang Wei-Chen , Liao Zian , Yuan Fei , Hsu Chih-Wei , Tu Jian , Yu Yao , Rosen Taylor , Xiong Feng , Jia Peilin , Yang Yi-Ping , Bazer Danielle A. , Chen Ya-Wen , Li Wenbo , Huff Chad D. , Zhu Jay-Jiguang , Aguilo Francesca , Chiou Shih-Hwa , Boles Nathan C. , Lai Chien-Chen , Hung Mien-Chie , Zhao Zhongming , Van Nostrand Eric L. , Zhao Ruiying , Lee Dung-Fang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A), one of the most prevalent mRNA modifications in eukaryotes, plays a critical role in modulating both biological and pathological processes. However, it is unknown whether mutant p53 neomorphic oncogenic functions exploit dysregulation of m6A epitranscriptomic networks. Here, we investigate Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS)-associated neoplastic transformation driven by mutant p53 in iPSC-derived astrocytes, the cell-of-origin of gliomas. We find that mutant p53 but not wild-type (WT) p53 physically interacts with SVIL to recruit the H3K4me3 methyltransferase MLL1 to activate the expression of m6A reader YTHDF2, culminating in an oncogenic phenotype. Aberrant YTHDF2 upregulation markedly hampers expression of multiple m6A-marked tumor-suppressing transcripts, including CDKN2B and SPOCK2, and induces oncogenic reprogramming. Mutant p53 neoplastic behaviors are significantly impaired by genetic depletion of YTHDF2 or by pharmacological inhibition using MLL1 complex inhibitors. Our study reveals how mutant p53 hijacks epigenetic and epitranscriptomic machinery to initiate gliomagenesis and suggests potential treatment strategies for LFS gliomas.
Four distinct network patterns of supramolecular/polymer composite hydrogels controlled by formation kinetics and interfiber interactions
Authors: Nakamura Keisuke , Kubota Ryou , Aoyama Takuma , Urayama Kenji , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSynthetic composite hydrogels comprising supramolecular fibers and covalent polymers have attracted considerable attention because their properties are similar to biological connective tissues. However, an in-depth analysis of the network structures has not been performed. In this study, we discovered the composite network can be categorized into four distinct patterns regarding morphology and colocalization of the components using in situ, real-time confocal imaging. Time-lapse imaging of the network formation process reveals that the patterns are governed by two factors, the order of the network formation and the interactions between the two different fibers. Additionally, the imaging studies revealed a unique composite hydrogel undergoing dynamic network remodeling on the scale of a hundred micrometers to more than one millimeter. Such dynamic properties allow for fracture-induced artificial patterning of a network three dimensionally. This study introduces a valuable guideline to the design of hierarchical composite soft materials.
Phytochrome B photobodies are comprised of phytochrome B and its primary and secondary interacting proteins
Authors: Kim Chanhee , Kwon Yongmin , Jeong Jaehoon , Kang Minji , Lee Ga Seul , Moon Jeong Hee , Lee Hyo-Jun , Park Youn-Il , Choi Giltsu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhytochrome B (phyB) is a plant photoreceptor that forms a membraneless organelle called a photobody. However, its constituents are not fully known. Here, we isolated phyB photobodies from Arabidopsis leaves using fluorescence-activated particle sorting and analyzed their components. We found that a photobody comprises ~1,500 phyB dimers along with other proteins that could be classified into two groups: The first includes proteins that directly interact with phyB and localize to the photobody when expressed in protoplasts, while the second includes proteins that interact with the first group proteins and require co-expression of a first-group protein to localize to the photobody. As an example of the second group, TOPLESS interacts with PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF HYPOCOTYL 1 (PCH1) and localizes to the photobody when co-expressed with PCH1. Together, our results support that phyB photobodies include not only phyB and its primary interacting proteins but also its secondary interacting proteins.
Excitons in mesoscopically reconstructed moiré heterostructures
Authors: Zhao Shen , Li Zhijie , Huang Xin , Rupp Anna , Göser Jonas , Vovk Ilia A. , Kruchinin Stanislav Yu. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Bilgin Ismail , Baimuratov Anvar S. , Högele Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMoiré effects in vertical stacks of two-dimensional crystals give rise to new quantum materials with rich transport and optical phenomena that originate from modulations of atomic registries within moiré supercells. Due to finite elasticity, however, the superlattices can transform from moiré-type to periodically reconstructed patterns. Here we expand the notion of such nanoscale lattice reconstruction to the mesoscopic scale of laterally extended samples and demonstrate rich consequences in optical studies of excitons in MoSe2–WSe2 heterostructures with parallel and antiparallel alignments. Our results provide a unified perspective on moiré excitons in near-commensurate semiconductor heterostructures with small twist angles by identifying domains with exciton properties of distinct effective dimensionality, and establish mesoscopic reconstruction as a compelling feature of real samples and devices with inherent finite size effects and disorder. Generalized to stacks of other two-dimensional materials, this notion of mesoscale domain formation with emergent topological defects and percolation networks will instructively expand the understanding of fundamental electronic, optical and magnetic properties of van der Waals heterostructures.
BioASQ-QA: A manually curated corpus for Biomedical Question Answering
Authors: Krithara Anastasia , Nentidis Anastasios , Bougiatiotis Konstantinos , Paliouras Georgios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe BioASQ question answering (QA) benchmark dataset contains questions in English, along with golden standard (reference) answers and related material. The dataset has been designed to reflect real information needs of biomedical experts and is therefore more realistic and challenging than most existing datasets. Furthermore, unlike most previous QA benchmarks that contain only exact answers, the BioASQ-QA dataset also includes ideal answers (in effect summaries), which are particularly useful for research on multi-document summarization. The dataset combines structured and unstructured data. The materials linked with each question comprise documents and snippets, which are useful for Information Retrieval and Passage Retrieval experiments, as well as concepts that are useful in concept-to-text Natural Language Generation. Researchers working on paraphrasing and textual entailment can also measure the degree to which their methods improve the performance of biomedical QA systems. Last but not least, the dataset is continuously extended, as the BioASQ challenge is running and new data are generated.
A database of freshwater macroinvertebrate occurrence records across Cuba
Authors: Torres-Cambas Yusdiel , Megna Yoandri S. , Salazar-Salina Juan Carlos , Diez Yander L. , Catalá Alejandro , Trapero-Quintana Adrian D. , Schröder Boris , Domisch Sami 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn light of the ongoing freshwater biodiversity crisis, detailed knowledge regarding the spatial distribution of freshwater species is urgently required, especially in biodiversity hotspots. Here we present a database of georeferenced occurrence records of four freshwater invertebrate taxa groups across Cuba, namely flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida), insects (Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera), crabs and shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda), and mollusks (Mollusca). We collated the geographic occurrence information from scientific literature, unpublished field records, museum collections and online databases. The database, comprising 6292 records of 457 species at 1075 unique localities, is organized in 32 fields that contain the information about the taxonomic classification of each recorded species, the sex and life stage of collected individuals; the geographic coordinates, location, author and date of the record and a reference to the original data source. This database provides an important basis towards an improved understanding of the spatial distribution of freshwater biodiversity in Cuba.
Modelling the impact of historic landscape change on soil erosion and degradation
Authors: Brandolini Filippo , Kinnaird Tim C. , Srivastava Aayush , Turner Sam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInternational policies and guidelines often highlight the divide between ‘nature’ and ‘heritage’ in landscape management, and the weakness of monodisciplinary approaches. This study argues that historic agricultural practices have played a key role in shaping today’s landscapes, creating a heritage which affords opportunities for more sustainable landscape management. The paper develops a new interdisciplinary approach with particular reference to soil loss and degradation over the long term. It presents innovative methods for assessing and modelling how pre-industrial agricultural features can mitigate soil erosion risk in response to current environmental conditions. Landscape archaeology data presented through Historic Landscape Characterisation are integrated in a GIS-RUSLE model to illustrate the impact of varying historic land-uses on soil erosion. The resulting analyses could be used to inform strategies for sustainable land resource planning.
Facile preparation of a cost-effective platform based on ZnFe2O4 nanomaterials for electrochemical cell detection
Authors: Vajhadin Fereshteh , Mazloum-Ardakani Mohammad , Hemati Mahdie , Moshtaghioun Seyed Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are important tumor markers that indicate early metastasis, tumor recurrence, and treatment efficacy. To identify and separate these cells from the blood, new nanomaterials need to be developed. The present study explored the potential application of ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles in capturing CTCs with cell surface markers. Folic acid was coupled to l-cysteine-capped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles (ZC) to provide binding sites on ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles for the recognition of folate bioreceptors, which are highly expressed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The cytotoxicity of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles and ZC against MCF-7 was analyzed with the MTT assay. After 24 h of incubation, there were IC50 values of 702.6 and 805.5 µg/mL for ZnFe2O4 and ZC, respectively. However, after 48 h of incubation, IC50 values of ZnFe2O4 and ZC were reduced to 267.3 and 389.7 µg/mL, respectively. The cell quantification was conducted with magnetically collected cells placed on a glassy carbon electrode, and the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) responses were analyzed. This cost-effective ZnFe2O4-based biosensing platform allowed cancer cell detection with a limit of detection of 3 cells/mL, ranging from 25 to 104 cells/mL. In future, these functionalized zinc ferrites may be used in electrochemical cell detection and targeted cancer therapy.
Study on the vertical bearing performances of piles on karst cave
Authors: Chen Huiyun , Feng Zhongju , Wu Min , Zhou Guimei , Chen Lu , Zhang Cong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCaves affected the load transfer mechanism of bridge pile foundation, and then the safety of the bridge was threatened. This study was to investigate the effect of karst cave under bridge pile foundations on the vertical bearing characteristics of bridge pile foundations by static load test, finite element analysis and mechanical model. The settlement of the pile was measured by displacement meter, and the axial force were measured by stress gauges in the test. The load-settlement, the axial force, the unit skin friction and the ratios of side and tip resistances were compared with the result of the simulation. Then sixteen conditions were selected in finite element analysis, one of them was a conventional pile not on cave. The others were about five kinds of height, five kinds of span and six kinds roof’s thickness of the cave. The simply supported and fixed wide beam were established to calculate the allowance roof thickness. The results reveal that when the cave span is greater than 9 m × 9 m or the roof thickness is less than 2 D (pile diameter), the stress and deformation of piles are significantly affected.
Genetic risk of depression is different in subgroups of dietary ratio of tryptophan to large neutral amino acids
Authors: Bruncsics Bence , Hullam Gabor , Bolgar Bence , Petschner Peter , Millinghoffer Andras , Gecse Kinga , Eszlari Nora , Gonda Xenia , Jones Debra J. , Burden Sorrel T. , Antal Peter , Deakin Bill , Bagdy Gyorgy , Juhasz Gabriella 
Published: March 2023

AbstractManipulation of intake of serotonin precursor tryptophan has been exploited to rapidly induce and alleviate depression symptoms. While studies show that this latter effect is dependent on genetic vulnerability to depression, the effect of habitual tryptophan intake in the context of predisposing genetic factors has not been explored. Our aim was to investigate the effect of habitual tryptophan intake on mood symptoms and to determine the effect of risk variants on depression in those with high and low tryptophan intake in the whole genome and specifically in serotonin and kynurenine pathways. 63,277 individuals in the UK Biobank with data on depressive symptoms and tryptophan intake were included. We compared two subpopulations defined by their habitual diet of a low versus a high ratio of tryptophan to other large amino acids (TLR). A modest protective effect of high dietary TLR against depression was found. NPBWR1 among serotonin genes and POLI in kynurenine pathway genes were significantly associated with depression in the low but not in the high TLR group. Pathway-level analyses identified significant associations for both serotonin and kynurenine pathways only in the low TLR group. In addition, significant association was found in the low TLR group between depressive symptoms and biological process related to adult neurogenesis. Our findings demonstrate a markedly distinct genetic risk profile for depression in groups with low and high dietary TLR, with association with serotonin and kynurenine pathway variants only in case of habitual food intake leading to low TLR. Our results confirm the relevance of the serotonin hypothesis in understanding the neurobiological background of depression and highlight the importance of understanding its differential role in the context of environmental variables such as complexity of diet in influencing mental health, pointing towards emerging possibilities of personalised prevention and intervention in mood disorders in those who are genetically vulnerable.