bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Metabarcoding Improves the Taxonomic Resolution of Visually Determined Diet Composition of Beaked Redfish (Sebastes sp.)
Authors: Brown‐Vuillemin Sarah , Bernatchez Louis , Normandeau Eric , Hernandez Cecilia , Chabot Denis , Tremblay Réjean , Sirois Pascal , Nozères Claude , Robert Dominique 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBeaked redfishes (Sebastes fasciatus and Sebastes mentella) of the northwest Atlantic have recently reached record abundance levels in the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence, dominated by Sebastes mentella. Knowledge of their diet composition is essential to understand the trophic role that these groundfish play in the ecosystem. The objective of the present study was to compare the performance of visual examination and DNA metabarcoding of stomach contents of the same individual redfish caught in the estuary and northern Gulf of St. Lawrence. Using a universal metazoan mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) marker, we identified a total of 24 taxonomic groups, composed of 22 species and two genera in the content of 185 stomachs with DNA metabarcoding. We compared these results to the 25 prey types, eight identified at the genus and nine at the species level, obtained with visual stomach content analysis (SCA). While both techniques revealed a similar diet composition, our results showed that the SCA and DNA metabarcoding perform differently for particular prey categories, both in terms of detectability and taxonomic resolution, as well as in the estimated relative importance of weight and occurrence in the diet. The use of DNA metabarcoding along with SCA validates and improves the taxonomic resolution of visually determined prey, which supports the concept that both techniques provide useful complementary information on the diet of redfish and likely other fish species.
Secondary lesions and sensitivity to signaling inhibitors in iAMP21 acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hormann Femke M. , Østergaard Anna , van den Broek Stijn , Boeree Aurélie , van de Ven Cesca , Escherich Gabriele , Sonneveld Edwin , Boer Judith M. , den Boer Monique L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIntrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) B‐cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP‐ALL) in children is a high‐risk subtype for which targeted drugs are lacking. In this study, we determined the frequency of secondary lesions in 28 iAMP21 BCP‐ALL patient samples and investigated cellular sensitivity for candidate‐targeted drugs. iAMP21 was enriched in FLT3 aberrations (10.7% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.003) and SH2B3 inactivation (7.14% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.002), compared with 28 B‐other cases, and these alterations co‐occurred in 21.4%. The occurrence of lesions in CRLF2 and IL7R was similar between iAMP21 and B‐other cases (25% vs. 17.9%, p = 0.746 and 7.14% vs. 0%, p = 0.491 respectively) as were mutations in JAK1 and JAK2 (3.57% vs. 0% and 10.7% vs. 10.7%, p = 1 for both). Sensitivity to the FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib did not differ between iAMP21 and B‐other cases irrespective of FLT3 status. However, iAMP21 samples harboring both FLT3‐ITD and SH2B3 lesions showed the highest sensitivity. CRLF2‐rearranged iAMP21 samples were slightly more sensitive to JAK inhibitor ruxolitinib than those without, although a lack of sensitivity was present in 50% of iAMP21 cases. Trametinib sensitivity varied among iAMP21 samples with over half of iAMP21 samples being sensitive irrespective of RAS‐pathway mutation status or other secondary lesions. In summary, iAMP21 leukemias were enriched in FLT3 and in SH2B3 lesions, which when co‐occurring affected sensitivity to FLT3 inhibition by gilteritinib but not JAK inhibition by ruxolitinib. Together, our results suggest that FLT3 and RAS signaling inhibitors are of interest for further (pre)clinical evaluation in iAMP21 BCP‐ALL.
Nomogram prediction model based on non‐enhanced computed tomography for adnexal torsion: A retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Gu Xiaowen , Jiang Lu , Xu Chijie , Yin Jianbing , Zhang Jibin , Cui Lei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate an individualized nomogram for predicting adnexal torsion in women with abdominal pain and an adnexal mass based on preoperative non‐contrast computed tomography (CT) findings.MethodsThis retrospective study included 200 women with surgically resected ovarian lesions who underwent preoperative non‐contrast CT for abdominal pain from January 2017 to September 2023 in seven hospitals. The 200 patients were randomly divided into a development group (140 cases) and a validation group (60 cases). The independent risk factors for adnexal torsion from non‐contrast CT signs were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The corresponding nomogram prediction model was drawn according to the regression coefficients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) and the calibration plots were used to estimate the discrimination and calibration of the prediction model, respectively.ResultsThe most common lesion causing adnexal torsion was ovarian cyst (30.1%), followed by mature cystic teratoma (25.7%), whereas malignant tumors and tubo‐ovarian abscesses were more common in non‐torsioned patients. Multivariable regression analysis showed that navel sign (odds ratio [OR] 14.78; P = 0.005), whirl sign (OR 38.05; P = 0.002), and peri‐adnexal fat haziness (OR 0.20; P = 0.012) were independent significant parameters predicting adnexal torsion. The AUC of the development group and validation group were 0.903 and 0.861, respectively, and the calibration curve suggested good agreement between the predictive probability and the actual probability.ConclusionNavel sign, whirl sign, and peri‐adnexal fat haziness, and an integrated nomogram derived from these non‐contrast CT findings, can be useful for predicting adnexal torsion, especially when ultrasound and contrast‐enhanced CT cannot be used.
Evaluating Chromosomal Mosaicism in Prenatal Diagnosis: The Complementary Roles of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis and Karyotyping
Authors: Xu Chenxia , Xiong Yi , Wang Degang , Zhang Sheng , Wu Xuewei , Li Miaoyuan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the impact of in vitro cell subculture on prenatal diagnostic sample results and compare the efficacy of conventional karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in detecting chromosome mosaicism.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of G‐banding karyotyping and CMA data from 2007 amniocentesis cases to investigate chromosome mosaicism.ResultsChromosome mosaicism was detected in 1.49% of cases (30/2007). Sex chromosome mosaicism was the most common form of mosaicism. Among the 30 mosaicisms, 18 results were consistent between the two methods. In four cases, CMA indicated mosaicism but the karyotypes were normal. In eight cases, CMA was normal while the karyotypes suggested mosaicism.ConclusionsCMA and karyotyping complement each other in prenatal genetic diagnosis. Combining both methods enhances detection accuracy, particularly in cases of chromosomal mosaicism, which may be missed after the subculture of adherent cells in karyotype analysis.
“Undisciplined and a Moral Danger”: Fright, Idleness and Immorality as Attributions of “Imbecile Children” in Late Victorian and Edwardian Britain
Authors: Sims‐Schouten Wendy 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFrom the second half of the nineteenth‐century treatment of “imbecile” children in Britain underwent significant change. Examining the period from 1870 to 1920 when imbecility became a discrete category, and a matter of concern in policy and practice, this paper focuses on conceptualizations around fright, idleness, morality, and parental mental state as behavioral, emotional, and psychological causes and attributions of “imbecility” in children. I view this in light of the Victorian emotional culture of “care and control,” which was driven by a shift in cost‐cutting and fear of the impact of “imbecile children” on society, justifying exclusions, defining boundaries, and driving change. In light of the legacy of the “deserving/undeserving paradigm” and “care and control” agenda propagated by the Poor Law established in 1834 in England (and in 1845 in Scotland), “idleness” and “immorality” implied a form of abnormality, while “fright” could cause abnormality, and all needed to be controlled. Furthermore “fright” was classified as an (external) emotional event or trigger that has a lasting impact, and an early indication of including psychological factors (in addition to somatic) in explanations of “deficiencies.” Using the Scottish National Institution for the Education of Imbecile Children founded in 1862 and the Waifs and Strays Society for destitute children, established in London in 1881 as examples, I argue that concerns about the rise of “mental deficiency” in the late Victorian and Edwardian periods were driven by moral panic as a force for social control, and to a lesser extent, the concept of care.
Sensitivity of Lung Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound (POCUS) to Predict Oxygen Requirements in Emerging Viral Infections
Authors: Theodoro Daniel L. , Coneybeare Di , Lema Penelope , Renz Nicholas , Wallace Laura , Ablordeppey Enyo , Stickles Sean , Rosenthal Alek , Holley Ian , Chamarti Sirivalli , Acuña Josie , Patterson James , Ancona Rachel , Adhikari Srikar 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThe prognostic characteristics of lung point‐of‐care ultrasound (L‐POCUS) to predict respiratory decompensation in patients with emerging infections remains unstudied. Our objective was to examine whether scored lung ultrasounds predict hypoxia among a nonhypoxic, ambulatory population of patients with COVID‐19.MethodsThis was a diagnostic case–control study. Three academic emergency departments across the United States collected a convenience sample of nonhypoxic subjects with COVID‐19, scored subjects' hemithorax at 7 locations using lung ultrasound, and followed outcomes for 40 days. We defined cases as hypoxia (≤91% by pulse oxygenation) from 2 hours after index presentation to day 40. Follow‐up was by telephone plus home pulse oximeter and by chart review. We conducted a logistic regression to test the association between L‐POCUS scores and hypoxia. To evaluate lung ultrasound score prediction of a hypoxic event, we calculated sensitivity and specificity at optimal cut off scores and report receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve.ResultsWe enrolled 163 subjects but excluded 15 (3 duplicate entries; 12 lost to follow up). Median age was 41 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–56); 83 (56%) were female, and median body mass index was 29 (IQR 25–35). We classified 47 of 148 as hypoxic cases (32%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 25–40), leaving 101 controls. L‐POCUS scores associated with hypoxia by logistic regression (odds ratio = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08), with a 5% increase in odds of hypoxia for each 1‐unit increase in L‐POCUS score. The optimal cut‐off score was 15 (sensitivity, 0.60; specificity, 0.73) and the area under the curve was 0·66 (95% CI 0·58–0·75). The correctly classified proportion was 69% (95% CI: 61–76).ConclusionsAmong nonhypoxic COVID‐19 patients, higher L‐POCUS rubric scores were associated with hypoxia but no scoring threshold strongly predicts hypoxia at 40 days.
Relationship Between Carotid Artery Remodeling Characteristics and Early Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yang Yujia , Hua Yang , Jia Lingyun 
Published: January 2025

ObjectivesThis study analyzed carotid artery remodeling characteristics in early carotid atherosclerosis (ECAS).MethodsThe 1021 participants were evaluated using ultrasonography and categorized into three groups: Group A, 391 participants with increased intima‐media thickness (IMT); Group B, 300 participants with atherosclerotic plaque only on the carotid bulb (CB); and the control group (330 participants). The ratios of the diameters in the CB to those in the common carotid artery (DCCA) and internal carotid artery (DICA) were defined as carotid index1 (CI1) and 2 (CI2).ResultsGroup A had a higher DCCA, DCB, and CI2 than the controls (P < .05). Group B had a smaller DCB, CI1, and CI2 than Group A, and higher DCCA and smaller CI1 than the controls (P < .05). Logistic regression showed that CI2 was a positive influencing factor for increased IMT (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.74–6.70, P < .001), and CI1 was a negative independent factor for CB plaque formation (OR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04–0.28, P < .001). Multiple linear regression showed that only in Group B, the vessel side had a significant influence on CI1 (β = 0.055, P < .05), while age, sex, body mass index, and cerebrovascular risk factors had no significant correlation with CI.ConclusionsThe CB and common carotid artery showed positive remodeling with increased IMT, however, the CB showed negative remodeling with plaque formation. CI changes were consistent with CB remodeling. CI was an independent influencing factor for ECAS, and it was only affected by vessel side, providing an objective predictive parameter for ECAS.
Hypoxia threatens coral and sea anemone early life stages
Authors: Glass Benjamin H. , Barott Katie L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSeawater hypoxia is increasing globally and can drive declines in organismal performance across a wide range of marine taxa. However, the effects of hypoxia on early life stages (e.g., larvae and juveniles) are largely unknown, and it is unclear how evolutionary and life histories may influence these outcomes. Here, we addressed this question by comparing hypoxia responses across early life stages of three cnidarian species representing a range of life histories: the reef‐building coral Galaxea fascicularis, a broadcast spawner with horizontal transmission of endosymbiotic algae (family Symbiodiniaceae); the reef‐building coral Porites astreoides, a brooder with vertical endosymbiont transmission; and the estuarine sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, a non‐symbiotic broadcast spawner. Transient exposure of larvae to hypoxia (dissolved oxygen < 2 mg L−1 for 6 h) led to decreased larval swimming and growth for all three species, which resulted in impaired settlement for the corals. Coral‐specific responses also included larval swelling, depressed respiration rates, and decreases in symbiont densities and function. These results indicate both immediate and latent negative effects of hypoxia on cnidarian physiology and coral–algal mutualisms specifically. In addition, G. fascicularis and P. astreoides were sensitized to heat stress following hypoxia exposure, suggesting that the combinatorial nature of climate stressors will lead to declining performance for corals. However, sensitization to heat stress was not observed in N. vectensis exposed to hypoxia, suggesting that this species may be more resilient to combined stressors. Overall, these results emphasize the importance of reducing anthropogenic carbon emissions to limit further ocean deoxygenation and warming.
Multicolor Borogermanate Glass Films for High‐Brightness Wide‐Color‐Gamut Laser‐Driven Projection Display
Authors: Xu Yue , Lin Hang , Wang Pengfei , Lin Yi , Wang Bo , Xu Ju , Cheng Yao , Wang Yuansheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe urgent demand for color conversion composites in laser‐driven projection display technology has highlighted fluorescent phosphor‐in‐glass films (PiGF) as a promising material. The newly designed borogermanate glass matrix is proven to be a versatile platform for incorporating various commercial phosphors to create multicolor PiGFs. Notably, the controlled interfacial interaction leads to exceptional luminescent performance, particularly in achieving unprecedented quantum efficiency for rare earth ions activated (oxy)nitrides, which are of critical importance. By conducting comparative analyses in static and rotating excitation modes, the combined effects of thermal quenching and intensity quenching on luminescence saturation under high‐power blue laser irradiation are explored. The developed rotating phosphor wheel, featuring an intricate pattern structure, delivers high‐brightness high‐quality white light with a luminous flux (LF) of 1665 lm @26.8W mm−2, luminous efficacy (LE) of 84.4 lm W−1, and color rendering index (CRI) of 92. Introducing the four‐color “polygon scheme” significantly expands the color gamut of laser displays to 114% NTSC, thereby enhancing the visual experience with superior color reproduction.
A Korean Patient With Leber Congenital Amaurosis and a Homozygous RPE65 Variant Originating From a Paternal Uniparental Isodisomy
Authors: Lee Hane , Moon Dongseok , Khang Rin , Seo Go Hun , Yoon Chang Ki , Park Un Chul , Park Kyu Hyung , Lee Eun Kyoung 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLeber congenital amaurosis (LCA), the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy, is a rare, heterogeneous, genetic eye disease associated with severe congenital visual impairment. RPE65, one of the causative genes for LCA, encodes retinoid isomerohydrolase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in regenerating visual pigment in photoreceptor cells.MethodsExome sequencing (ES) was performed on a patient with suspected LCA.ResultsHere, we report a 33‐year‐old male patient diagnosed with RPE65‐related LCA caused by uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) who received gene therapy as treatment, fourth patient to receive it in Korea. His fundus examinations showed salt‐and‐pepper retinal dystrophy, with diffuse extinguished signal on fundus autofluorescence and attenuated amplitude on electroretinogram. A homozygous frameshift variant NM_000329.3:c.1067del (p.Asn356MetfsTer17) in RPE65 was identified by ES with the entire chromosome 1 proving to be paternal UPiD. Within 5 months after the molecular diagnosis, the patient was treated with subretinal voretigene neparvovec (VN) therapy and is being followed up for prognosis.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this patient is the first UPiD case to receive VN treatment. Performing ES as a first‐tier test was favourable because it allowed to identify UPiD that needed to be detected in addition to the disease‐causing variant.
A Power Transistor Cell Optimized CMOS Power Amplifier for Ku‐Band Phased Array Application
Authors: Zhang Kai , Liu Shuai , Liu Zhiqing , Liu Huihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA Ku‐band CMOS power amplifier (PA) with an optimized power transistor cell for phased array application has been implemented using ‐μm RF CMOS technology. To alleviate the parasitic effects induced by the metal interconnection between the common source and common gate, the power transistor cell has been optimized. A pair of cascode transistors is employed as a unit cell to construct the power cell so that the metal interconnection loss and power transmission capability of the cascode power transistor cell can be improved. To ease pressure on the hot carrier effect and current intensity requirement at C, the Ku‐band CMOS PA operates under a 1.8 V supply voltage and provides saturation output power of 14.3 dBm with a peak power‐added efficiency of 13.7% at 17 GHz. It shows suitable performances for phased array application.
Polyethylene glycol grafting by thiol‐ene reaction for the chemical modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Miyahara Yuki , Nakagawa Ayata , Nakata Yusuke , Nomura Christopher T. , Tsuge Takeharu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable thermoplastics synthesized from renewable biomass resources by various microbes. They have garnered significant attention owing to their superior biodegradability in natural environments compared to other biodegradable plastics. However, preserving their properties while preventing biodegradation during use as plastic material is crucial. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐grafted PHAs were investigated for the development of biodegradable materials with controlled surface properties. To this end, PHA copolymers containing 6–19 mol% of 3‐hydroxy‐4‐pentenoate (3H4PE), which features an unsaturated side chain as a site for chemical modification, were synthesized using recombinant Escherichia coli and 4‐pentenoic acid as 3H4PE precursors. Thiol‐PEG (MW 2000) was then grafted onto the PHA at the unsaturated side chain via thiol‐ene ‘click’ chemistry reactions. Although the thermal properties of the PEG‐grafted PHA showed minimal changes compared with those of the unmodified PHA copolymers, the PEG‐grafted PHA films exhibited increased wettability and excellent protein‐repellent properties. Furthermore, when biodegradability was tested on an agar plate containing PEG‐grafted PHA, the PHA‐degrading bacteria did not form clear zones around their colonies when the PEG content was 12 wt%. These results suggest that PEG grafting effectively alters the properties of PHA, offering a promising strategy for controlling its biodegradability and its thermal and antifouling properties. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Aerial Transport System in Marine GNSS‐Denied Environment
Authors: Sun Jianjun , Niu Zhenwei , Dong Yihao , Zhang Fenglin , Din Muhayy Ud , Seneviratne Lakmal , Lin Defu , Hussain Irfan , He Shaoming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an autonomous aerial system specifically engineered for operation in challenging marine GNSS‐denied environments, aimed at transporting small cargo from a target vessel. In these environments, characterized by weakly textured sea surfaces with few feature points, chaotic deck oscillations due to waves, and significant wind gusts, conventional navigation methods often prove inadequate. Leveraging the DJI M300 platform, our system is designed to autonomously navigate and transport cargo while overcoming these environmental challenges. In particular, this paper proposes an anchor‐based localization method using ultrawideband and quick‐response codes facilities, which decouples the unmanned aerial vehicle's (UAV's) attitude from that of the moving landing platform, thus reducing control oscillations caused by platform movement. Additionally, a motor‐driven attachment mechanism for cargo is designed, which enhances the UAV's field of view during descent and ensures a reliable attachment to the cargo upon landing. The system's reliability and effectiveness were progressively enhanced through multiple outdoor experimental iterations and were validated by the successful cargo transport during the Mohamed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge 2024 competition. Crucially, the system addresses uncertainties and interferences inherent in maritime transportation missions without prior knowledge of cargo locations on the deck and with strict limitations on intervention throughout the transportation.