bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of liquid hydrocarbons by thermo-acidic method from waste high-density polyethylene
Authors: Kumar Awinash , Lingfa Pradip 
Published: May 2023

Aims:
The study explains the production of useful liquid hydrocarbons by thermo-acidic catalytic thermal degradation of waste high-density polyethylene. A comparative study of the liquid samples with or without catalysts.

Background:
Energy demand is high in the world. Waste plastic conversion is nowadays a concern of interest research for scientists. HDPE (High-density polyethylene) is the most common plastic used in households. Different types of catalysts and techniques have been used in the alteration process of waste HDPE. This paper deals with the kandite group of catalyst kaolin and the montmorillonite group of catalyst sodium bentonite in acid-activated mutated form.

Objective:
This paper aims to explore the prominent utilization of kaolin clay and sodium bentonite clay minerals as a catalyst for the alteration of waste HDPE into fuel resources and to develop a cost-effective recycling experimental set-up for plastic waste conversion.

Method:
Thermo-catalytic acid activation has been done for clay mutation. Hydrochloric acid-activated catalysts have been used in this study. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer) techniques have been used to explore the prominent compounds in the product samples.

Result:
Maximum energy per photon for RO (Parent Oil/Raw Oil) and AO(Acid treated thermo-catalytic oil) samples are respectively 58034.01×1024 Joules and 59271.40×1024 Joules concerning wave numbers 2921.42 and 2983.71 cm-1. Compounds of functional groups C-CH3, CH2, alkenes, and CH3 have been identified for RO and AO samples. Less gaseous hydrocarbons 31.79% (outcomes) or 29.66 % (production yield) and 150.06 % of increment in wax have been calculated after using acid-treated catalysts. Aliphatic compounds like alkanes and alkenes are present in the samples.

Conclusion:
A mixture of acid-treated kaolin and acid-treated sodium bentonite as the catalysts for degrading waste HDPE into liquid oil greatly reduces wax formation. Average outcomes and production of liquid hydrocarbons are good results with the acid-treated catalytic degradation of HDPE waste. One remarkable fact is that the yield percentage of liquid products is higher in acid-activated catalytic thermal degradation.
Cocrystallizing and Codelivering Complementary Drugs to Multidrugresistant
Tuberculosis Bacteria in Perfecting Multidrug Therapy
Authors: Sahoo Pathik 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Bacteria cells exhibit multidrug resistance in one of two ways: by raising the genetic ex-pression of multidrug efflux pumps or by accumulating several drug-resistant components in many genes. Multidrug-resistive tuberculosis bacteria are treated by multidrug therapy, where a few cer-tain antibacterial drugs are administered together to kill a bacterium jointly. A major drawback of conventional multidrug therapy is that the administration never ensures the reaching of different drug molecules to a particular bacterium cell at the same time, which promotes growing drug resis-tivity step-wise. As a result, it enhances the treatment time. With additional tabletability and plastic-ity, the formation of a cocrystal of multidrug can ensure administrating the multidrug chemically together to a target bacterium cell. With properly maintaining the basic philosophy of multidrug therapy here, the synergistic effects of drug molecules can ensure killing the bacteria, even before getting the option to raise the drug resistance against them. This can minimize the treatment span, expenditure and drug resistance. A potential threat of epidemic from tuberculosis has appeared after the Covid-19 outbreak. An unwanted loop of finding molecules with the potential to kill tuberculo-sis, getting their corresponding drug approvals, and abandoning the drug after facing drug resistance can be suppressed here. This perspective aims to develop the universal drug regimen by postulating the principles of drug molecule selection, cocrystallization, and subsequent harmonisation within a short period to address multidrug-resistant bacteria.
The Implication of Fragment-centric Mapping Strategy to Explore the First Selective Inhibitor Against Target Protein
Authors: Zhao Jia-Hui , Zhang Shao-Long , Zhou Xia , Meng Xian-Mei , Wang Ting , Sheng Xie-Huang 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Identification of the first selective inhibitor, also called “hit molecules, " is crucial
for developing drugs against a protein target. However, the crystal structures of protein-ligand complexes
are usually not resolved in time due to the process's time-consuming and costly nature. However, it
does not prevent scientists from understanding the binding modes’ urgent advantages and drawbacks of
protein-ligand interaction to guide the optimization of hit molecules.

Methods:
Here, we have developed a pocket-centric computational strategy to facilitate a comprehensive
understanding of the hit molecules against the protein target.

Results:
The results show that the pocket-centered mapping method not only allows for accurate prediction
of the native docking pose and in-depth analysis of the binding mode but also has the potential of
rapidly identifying partially unoccupied, unutilized, but targetable pockets to afford optimized hit molecules.
We tested the strategy on the first selective inhibitor, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), against
human arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC). Molecular dynamics simulation and MM/PBSA binding
energy calculation are used to verify the efficacy of the strategy.

Conclusion:
The results show that the pocket-centered mapping method not only allows for accurate prediction
of the native docking pose and in-depth analysis of the binding mode but also has the potential of rapidly
identifying partially unoccupied, unutilized, but targetable pockets to afford optimized hit molecules.
Quinoline and Analogs: Insight into the Synthesis, Biological Activity,
Structure-Activity Relationship, and Interaction with Targets
Authors: Kumar Upendra , Kumar Rajnish , Mazumder Avijit , Salahuddin  , Singh Himanshu , Yadav Ranjit Kumar , Kumar Greesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Quinoline and its derivatives have been utilized and marketed as antibacterial, antimalarial,
anticancer, hypertension, asthma (COPD), etc. The diverse pharmacological properties of quinolone
are related to its chemical structure. Nowadays, it is common practice to combine at least two
pharmacophores to create a single molecule with powerful pharmacological effects. This helps to synergize
pharmacological qualities, enables interaction with several targets, or lessens the negative effects
related to them. Various synthetic approaches which have been used in recent times for the synthesis
of quinoline and its derivatives are listed in the manuscript with their merits and demerit. The
structure-activity relationship relating various pharmacological actions with molecular structure and
interaction with several targets has also been highlighted to provide a good comprehension to the researchers
for future studies on quinoline.
Tachykinins Play a Major Role in Micro and Macrovascular Complications
in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Ramzan Faiqah , Kiran Laila , Malik Shumaila Noreen , Malik Muhammad Inamullah 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by an increase in blood
glucose levels. The defects in the secretion or action of insulin are the major cause of diabetes. Increase
in the blood glucose level exerts a negative effect on the normal functions of the body organs
and this leads to the dysfunctions of cells and tissue and causes vascular complications in diabetic
patients. Several studies indicate that neuropeptides are released from the neurosensory cells
which are mainly known as tachykinins which provoke major vascular complications in diabetic
patients. Tachykinins are known as pro-inflammatory peptides which increase vascular complications
and vascular permeability. The duration and severity of diabetes disease increase the risk of
vascular complication in patients. The aim of this review is to elaborate the role of tachykinins in
microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. The study concluded that
tachykinins increase micro and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients.
Concomitants of Diabetic Foot Ulcer - A Review
Authors: Vanathi M Grace , R P Rajesh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Background: Diabetes mellitus leading to foot ulcer is a serious complication, and it is
considered a global epidemic. Neuropathyand high blood glucose levels are the primary causes of
foot ulcers. Fifteen percent of people with diabetes develop foot ulcers, and these foot disorders are
the main cause of lower extremity amputation among such patients.

Introduction:
Complications of diabetic foot, affecting the lower extremities are common and
quite complex and life-threatening. This review focuses on the life-threatening factors associated
with diabetic foot ulcers and also the diagnosing and preventive measures. Neuropathy assessment
and the range of foot ulcers were accurately examined.

Conclusion:
Novel therapies focusing on the vascularity of the lower limbs, infection control, and
ischemic control are being developed to mainly treat nonhealing ulcers.
WITHDRAWN: Membrane Stabilization and Vascular Permeability as
Mechanisms for the Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Action of Omega-3-
poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid Oil Extract
Authors: J. A Omale, , L. U. S Ezeanyika, , A Omale, 
Published: May 2023

Method:
Animals were distributed in six groups of five each (n = 5). Group 1 was administered 300mg/ml omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) containing 180mg/ml EPA and 120mg/ml DHA; group 2 received 600mg/ml n-3 FA containing 360mg/ml EPA and 240mg/ml DHA; group 3 received 900mg/ml n-3 FA containing 540mg/ml EPA and 360mg/ml DHA; group 4 was administered 300mg/ml of the fish oil along with 20mg/ml celecoxib; group 5 was given 20mg/ml celecoxib that represented the positive control, and group 6 was administered 2 ml phosphate buffer saline alone, which served as the vehicle control group. Membrane stabilization of the rat’s red blood cells and aceticacid-induced vascular permeability were assayed. The percentage inhibition was determined. The analysis was performed using GraphPad InStat version 5 software and subjected to the Bonferroni test for the separation of means.
“Male’s Perception About Menstruation, it’s Associated Problems and
Menstrual Hygiene in their Female Partners: A Qualitative Study”
Authors: Kumar Naina , Kottu Divya Satya Sree , Katta Pravalika , Mangla Mishu , Kartik Medapati 
Published: May 2023

Aim:
Present study was conducted to assess the knowledge and perception of men about
menstruation and it’s associated problems in their female partners.

Background:
Menstruation is considered a social stigma in many low- and middle-income countries.

Objectives:
To assess men’s attitudes, beliefs, understandings, and knowledge about menstruation.

Methods:
The study involved interviews of 80 male partners of females attending the Obstetrics and
Gynaecology Department of the rural tertiary center of Southern India for various complaints over one
year. Data obtained was analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes with sub-themes reflecting
responses to key questions were formed: men’s perception and knowledge about menstruation,
cultural and societal issues, men’s observation and attitude towards their wives during menstruation,
and the father’s role in generating awareness.

Results:
Of 80 participants, 92.5% were comfortable, 6.25% uncomfortable and 1.25% were not
sure about the interview. Their feelings about menstruation varied from nothing, disgusting/bad, to
normal. Men’s knowledge about menstruation was restricted and the majority were hesitant to
discuss it. Almost everyone was aware of cultural taboos being followed at home, with most
responses revealing menstruating women as untouchable/impure. Men observed changes in mood,
sleep, and sexual desire of their partners before and during menstruation. The majority wanted their
children to know about menstruation, but they don’t want to teach. Overall feedback about the interview
was positive.

Conclusion:
Ignorance and secrecy related to menstruation, stop men from understanding the problems
faced by women. Educating boys about menstruation and menstrual hygiene is the only way to
uproot the long-standing stigma attached to menstruation.
Public Reproductive Health Concerns Related to the COVID-19 Vaccination:
A Retrospective Analysis of Google Trends Data in Iran
Authors: Azmoude Elham , larki Mona , Marvi Nahid , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Vaccination is known as the safest and the most effective method to control
the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the spread of misconceptions is one of the causes of vaccination
hesitancy worldwide. Google is one of the most popular databases used by people to search for answers to their health concerns

Objective:
This study aimed to identify the most public reproductive health concerns in relation to the
COVID-19 vaccination of Iranians using data obtained from Google Trends.

Methods:
In this infodemiology study, the data were retrieved from Google Trends regarding the most
public reproductive health concerns of COVID-19 vaccination using search terms "abortion", ‘infertility’, ‘menstruation’, ‘pregnancy’ and ‘sexuality’ in combination with "COVID-19 vaccine" in Iran.
The period chosen was from February 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. The relative search volumes
(RSV) of the search terms were compared

Results:
The comparison of the top five searched terms showed that the combination of the terms
"pregnancy" and "Corona vaccine" had the highest popularity. The combination of search terms "sexuality","abortion","menstruation", and"infertility" with the "Corona vaccine" was the next in the
search rankings, respectively. The search interest increased after July 2020, and peaked in August and
September 2021, when the vaccination of pregnant women was announced. From December 2021, the
search interest decreased with a generally slow slope across all curves. The search interests differed
among the 31 provinces of Iran

Conclusion:
Public health authorities can use this study to better understand the reproductive health
concerns of the community regarding COVID-19 vaccination. They can then apply this data for health
planning, setting up agendas, and policy making.
Pedunculated Angiomyofibroblastoma of Labia Minora: A Case Report
and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bharti Jyotsna Naresh , Nigam Jitendra Singh 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Angiomyofibroblastoma was first described by Fletcher et al. in the year
1992. It is a distinctive benign tumor that most often occurs in the superficial area of the vulva and is
rarely reported in men in the inguinoscrotal region.

Case Presentation:
A 23-year-old female presented with a painless pedunculated labial mass which
was initially pea-sized and reached 7 cm in maximum dimension over four months. The case was diagnosed
on morphology, IHC and the patient was treated surgically. The interesting feature of the case
was the rarity of its incidence at labia minora and pedunculated form and its resemblance to other benign
and more aggressive tumours. To the best of our knowledge, the extensive English literature
search revealed only seven cases of pedunculated angiomyofibroblastoma at labia majora in middleaged
female and one case of labia minora in a young female.

Conclusion:
The lesion must be differentiated from another benign mesenchymal tumor of vulva
which requires extensive surgical management.
Recent Developments in Combinatorial Immunotherapy towards Ovarian
Cancer
Authors: Jain Chakresh Kumar , Kulshreshtha Aishani , Saxena Harshita , Agarwal Avinav , Passi Kalpdrum 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common cancers in women in the world. It is also the 5th
top cause of cancer-related death in the world. Despite chemotherapy being the primary treatment
along with surgery, patients frequently suffer from a recurrence of ovarian cancer within a few years
of the original treatment. The recurring nature of OC, therefore, necessitates the development of novel
therapeutic interventions that can effectively tackle this disease. Immunotherapy has lately been found
to offer significant clinical advantages. Some of the immunotherapy techniques being studied for ovarian
cancer include adoptive T-cell treatment, immune checkpoint inhibition, and oncolytic virus.
However, the most efficient way to increase longevity is through a combination of immunotherapy
strategies with other disease therapeutic approaches such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and PARPi
in additive or synergistic ways. To provide a more comprehensive insight into the current immunotherapies
explored, this paper explores newly developed therapeutics for the disease with an emphasis
on current outstanding immunotherapy. The current state of our understanding of how the disease interacts
with host cells, current therapy options available, various advanced treatments present and the
potential for combinatorial immuno-based therapies in the future have also been explored.
Review on Determination of Berberine in Biological and Pharmaceutical
Matrices: An Analytical and Therapeutic Perspective
Authors: Shah Umang , Patel Meghana , Patel Alkesh , Patel Krishna , Patel Mehul , Akabari Ashok , Patel Samir , Patel Veena , Maheshwari Rajesh , Sen Ashim , Sethiya Neeraj Kumar 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Berberine (BRB) is a natural alkaloid of the isoquinoline class, mostly isolated from the
Berberis genus, which exhibits antibiotic, immunostimulant, antitumor, cardiovascular protection, endocrine
regulator, antidepressant, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological
properties. The poor aqueous solubility of BRB is one roadblock in scaling up activities for
the clinical drug. However, this can be overcome by its chemical modification into salt form. Extraction
of this biologically beneficial component becomes one of the important aspects, and for that, several
extraction techniques are available using a variety of solvents. Numerous analytical methods are
reported for the quantification of extracted BRB as well as simultaneous estimation of BRB in the
presence of other components. Among them, RP-HPLC, LC/MS, and UPLC/MS are the most frequently
used methods. The effectiveness and preciseness of these advanced methods could be the reason
for analysts’ preferred choice for analysis.
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)-associated SJS, TEN, AGEP, and DRESS
Syndromes - A Narrative Review
Authors: Pakkir Maideen Naina Mohamed , Barakat Ibrahim Ramadan , Jumale AbduRazak Hassan 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is a very common OTC drug that is found
in more than 200 OTC products sold as pain, cough and cold remedies. Paracetamol is commonly
used as an antipyretic to reduce fever and as an alternative to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) that are contraindicated in certain patients to relieve mild-moderate pain.

Objective:
This review article focuses on SJS, TEN, SJS/TEN overlap, AGEP, and DRESS syndromes
associated with the use of paracetamol or paracetamol-containing products.

Methods:
To find published articles relevant to paracetamol-associated SJS, TEN, AGEP, and
DRESS, we searched the online databases Medline/Pubmed/PMC, Google Scholar, Science Direct,
Ebsco, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and reference lists using keywords like Stevens-Johnson
Syndrome, Acetaminophen, Paracetamol, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Acute generalized exanthematous
pustulosis, Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.

Results:
The paracetamol-associated SJS, TEN, SJS/TEN overlap, AGEP, and DRESS syndromes
have been identified by a number of publications.

Conclusion:
When evaluating drug-induced hypersensitivity skin reactions, healthcare professionals,
including prescribers, pharmacists, and others, should be aware of this rare risk. Patients who
exhibit signs and symptoms of paracetamol-associated hypersensitivity should be referred to physicians
by pharmacists for further treatment. At the first sign of a skin rash or other hypersensitivity
reaction while taking paracetamol, patients should be told to stop taking it and see a doctor right
away.
Differentiation of Pancreatic Beta Cells: Dual Acting of Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Shahedi Faeze , Munggela Foma Arron , Mahmoudi-Aznaveh Azam , Mazlomi Mohammad Ali , Azizi Zahra , Khorramizadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
In the past decades, scientists have made outstanding efforts to treat diabetes. However, diabetes
treatment is still far from satisfactory due to the complex nature of the disease and the challenges encountered
in resolving it. Inflammatory factors are key regulators of the immune system's response to
pathological insults, organ neogenesis, rejuvenation of novel cells to replace injured cells and overwhelming
disease conditions. Currently, the available treatments for type 1 diabetes include daily insulin injection,
pancreatic beta cell or tissue transplantation, and gene therapy. Cell therapy, exploiting differentiation,
and reprogramming various types of cells to generate pancreatic insulin-producing cells are novel
approaches for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. A better understanding of the inflammatory pathways
offers valuable and improved therapeutic options to provide more advanced and better treatments for
diabetes. In this review, we investigated different types of inflammatory factors that participate in the
pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, their possible dual impacts on the differentiation, reprogramming, and
fusion of other stem cell lines into pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells, and the possibility of applying
these factors to improve the treatment of this disease.
Exosome-mediated Repair of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: The
Potential Role of miRNAs
Authors: Wang Han-Shi , Lin Shu , Yu Hai-Ming 
Published: May 2023

Abstract:
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a serious condition that manifests as low back pain,
intervertebral disc protrusion, and spinal canal stenosis. At present, the main treatment methods for IVDD
are surgical interventions such as discectomy, total disc replacement, and spinal fusion. However, these
interventions have shown limitations, such as recurrent lumbar disc herniation after discectomy, lesions in
adjacent segments, and failure of fixation. To overcome these shortcomings, researchers have been exploring
stem cell transplantation therapy, such as mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation, but the
treatment results are still controversial. Therefore, researchers are in search of new methods that are more
efficient and have better outcomes. The exosomes from stem cells contain a variety of bioactive molecules
that mediate cell interactions, and these components have been investigated for their potential therapeutic
role in the repair of various tissue injuries. Recent studies have shown that MSC-derived miRNAs
in exosomes and vesicles have therapeutic effects on nucleus pulposus cells, annulus fibrosus, and cartilage
endplate. miRNAs play a role in many cell activities, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cytokine
release, by acting on mRNA translation, and they may have immense therapeutic potential, especially
when combined with stem cell therapy. This article reviews the current status of research on intervertebral
disc repair, especially with regard to the latest research findings on the molecular biological mechanisms
of miRNAs in MSC-derived exosomes in intervertebral disc repair.