bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations and clinical relevance of gut microbiota in patients with Peutz–Jeghers syndrome: A prospective study
Authors: Wang Yu Xin , Huang Hua Bing , Dong Yuan Hang , Li Zhao Shen , Liu Feng , Du Yi Qi 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveIn this case–control study we aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota profile of patients with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and its association with polyp growth.MethodsThirty‐two PJS patients and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Fecal samples of all participants were collected for gut microbiota analysis via 16S rRNA gene (regions V3–V4) sequencing. SPSS version 22.0 and R software version 3.1.0 were used for the statistical analysis.ResultsThe richness was comparable, while the overall structure of the gut microbiota differed significantly between the PJS and control groups (weighted UniFrac, P = 0.001; unweighted UniFrac, P = 0.008). Significantly different abundances of two phyla, seven families, and 18 genera as well as twenty‐nine differentially enriched functional modules (false discovery rate, P < 0.05) between the two groups were identified. Morganella was positively associated with the median number of polyps (JPN; r = 0.96, P < 0.001) and number of newly discovered polyps in the jejunum between two recent endoscopic resections (JPNG; r = 0.78, P = 0.04). Desulfovibrio was positively associated with JPNG (r = 0.87, P = 0.01). Blautia was negatively associated with the median maximum size of polyps in the jejunum (JPS). Anaerostipes was negatively associated with JPN, JPNG and JPS. Clostridium XVIII and Fusicatenibacter were negatively associated with JPN and JPS, respectively.ConclusionsWe found remarkably different gut microbiota of patients with PJS compared to healthy individuals and associations between specific fecal bacteria and clinical features of PJS. These findings may provide a new perspective for the management of PJS in clinical practice.
Romania: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: STAN LAVINIA , ZAHARIA RAZVAN 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNo elections or referenda were organized in Romania in 2022. The government was preoccupied primarily with the economic, social, and political consequences of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which borders Romania. The ruling coalition, supported by the Social Democrats and the Liberals, was politically stable but undermined by an inability to adequately address social and economic problems (reforming the pension system, reducing inflation, and improving living standards), as well as by frequent disputes between its main political parties, and numerous revelations that prominent government members had engaged in plagiarism during their doctoral studies.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption and prevalence of pathogens in primary and secondary healthcare settings in Northern Ireland
Authors: Aldeyab Mamoon A. , Crowe William , Karasneh Reema A. , Patterson Lynsey , Sartaj Muhammad , Ewing Judith , Lattyak William J. , Al‐Azzam Sayer , Araydah Mohammad , Darwish Elhajji Feras , Kabbaha Suad , Conway Barbara R. , Conlon‐Bingham Geraldine , Farren David , Scott Michael 
Published: May 2023

AimTo evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the patterns of antimicrobial use and the incidence of pathogens in primary and secondary healthcare settings in Northern Ireland.MethodsData were collected on antibiotic use and Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogens from primary and secondary healthcare settings in Northern Ireland for the period before (January 2015‐March 2020) and during (April 2020‐December 2021) the pandemic. Time series intervention analysis methods were utilized.ResultsIn the hospital setting, the mean total hospital antibiotic consumption during the pandemic was 1864.5 defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 occupied‐bed days (OBD), showing no significant change from pre‐pandemic (P = .7365). During the pandemic, the use of second‐generation cephalosporins, third‐generation cephalosporins, co‐amoxiclav and levofloxacin increased, there was a decrease in the percentage use of the hospital Access group (P = .0083) and an increase in the percentage use of Watch group (P = .0040), and the number of hospital Klebsiella oxytoca and methicillin‐susceptible Staphylococcus aureus cases increased. In primary care, the mean total antibiotic consumption during the COVID‐19 pandemic was 20.53 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID), compared to 25.56 DID before the COVID‐19 pandemic (P = .0071). During the pandemic, there was a decrease in the use of several antibiotic classes, an increase in the percentage use of the Reserve group (P = .0032) and an increase in the number of community‐onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa cases.ConclusionThis study provides details of both changes in antibiotic consumption and the prevalence of infections in hospitals and primary care before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic that emphasize the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in pandemic situations.
Guiding future paediatric drug studies based on existing pharmacokinetic and efficacy data: Cardiovascular drugs as a proof of concept
Authors: Smeets Nori J. L. , Raaijmakers Lieke P. M. , van der Zanden Tjitske M. , Male Christoph , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionOff‐label drug use in the paediatric population is common, and the lack of high‐quality efficacy studies poses patients at risk for failing pharmacotherapy. Next to efficacy studies, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies are increasingly used to inform paediatric dose selection. As resources for paediatric trials are limited, we aimed to summarize existing PK and efficacy studies to identify knowledge gaps in available evidence supporting paediatric dosing recommendations, thereby taking paediatric cardiovascular drugs as proof of concept.MethodsFor each cardiovascular drug, paediatric indication and prespecified age group, together comprising one record, the authorized state was assessed. Next, for off‐label records, the highest level of evidence was scored. High‐quality efficacy studies were defined as meta‐analysis or randomized controlled trials. Other comparative research, noncomparative research or consensus‐based expert opinions were considered low quality. The level of evidence for PK studies was scored per drug and per age group, but regardless of indication.ResultsA total of 58 drugs included 417 records, of which 279 (67%) were off‐label. Of all off‐label records, the majority (81%) were not supported by high‐quality efficacy studies, but for 140 of these records (62%) high‐quality PK studies were available.ConclusionWe demonstrated that for the majority of off‐label cardiovascular drugs, only low‐quality efficacy studies were available. However, high‐quality PK studies were frequently available. Combining these PK data with extrapolation of efficacy data from adults may help to close the current information gap and prioritize the drugs for which clinical studies and safety data are urgently needed.
Discussion of the special issue on cognitive load theory
Authors: Sweller John 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe present Special Issue contains 9 papers exploring novel cognitive load theory research questions.AimTo provide a discussion of the 9 articles in this Special Issue of the Journal and to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the papers and indicate opportunities for future studies.ProcedureBriefly summarizes cognitive load theory in its current version followed by the discussion of the 9 individual papers.
Use of underwater contactless ultrasonography to elucidate the internal anatomy and reproductive activity of manta and devil rays (family: Mobulidae)
Authors: Froman Niv , Genain Marie‐Aude , Stevens Guy M. W. , Pearce Gareth P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ability to visualise the internal anatomical structures of fish provides important information on their reproductive status and body condition and has made important contributions to many areas of fish biology. Obtaining information on the internal anatomy of fish has traditionally required euthanasia and dissection. Although ultrasonography is now increasingly used to study internal fish anatomy without the need for euthanasia, traditional techniques still require restraint and contact with the animal, both of which are known to cause stress. This has prompted the development of waterproof, contactless and portable equipment to allow ultrasonographic examinations to be carried out in free‐swimming individuals, which also facilitates the application of this tool in wild populations of endangered species. This study reports the validation of this equipment using anatomical examinations of nine manta and devil ray (Mobulidae) specimens landed at fish markets in Sri Lanka. The species studied were Mobula kuhlii (n = 3), Mobula thurstoni (n = 1), Mobula mobular (n = 1), Mobula tarapacana (n = 1) and Mobula birostris (n = 3). The use of this equipment was further validated with ultrasonographic examinations in 55 free‐swimming reef manta rays Mobula alfredi, which enabled maturity status to be quantified in 32 females. Structures successfully identified in free‐swimming individuals were the liver, spleen, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, skeletal structures, developing follicles and uterus. The study demonstrated that ultrasonography provided a reliable method of determining both sexual maturity and gestational status in free‐swimming M. alfredi. The methodology induced no detectable signs of disturbance to the animals involved and therefore offers a viable and practical alternative to invasive techniques currently used to study anatomical changes in both captive and wild marine organisms.
Satisfaction with injection experience of patients with neuroendocrine tumors enrolled on lanreotide autogel patient support programs: Results from the international HomeLAN survey
Authors: Hernando Jorge , Kolarova Teodora , Verslype Chris , Kaltsas Gregory , Houchard Aude , Gueguen Delphine , De Herder Wouter W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLanreotide autogel/depot (LAN) is a somatostatin analog used in first‐line treatment for neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The aim of HomeLAN was to evaluate the satisfaction with injection experience among patients with NETs receiving at‐home LAN injection via patient support programs (PSPs). This was an international, non‐interventional, cross‐sectional, online survey in adults with NETs enrolled in PSPs, receiving LAN injections at home, administered by a healthcare professional (HCP) or administered independently (self or caregiver administering injection). The primary endpoint was satisfaction with the most recent LAN injection. Secondary endpoints included the level of anxiety prior to injection, impact on daily life, and the extents to which participants felt in control of their life and agreed that home administration met their medical needs. In total, 111 participants from Belgium, Greece, the Netherlands, and Spain completed the survey (50.5% male; mean age, 63.6 years; most common primary tumor site was intestine [47.7%]). For 99 participants, their most recent injection was administered by an HCP. Overall, 95.5% of all participants were satisfied with their most recent injection experience (95% confidence interval: 89.89%–98.06%); 67% reported experiencing no anxiety prior to injection, 91.0% reported that home injection had a “great deal” or “quite a bit” of positive impact on their daily life, and 85.6% strongly agreed that the PSP met their medical needs. In the HCP injection subgroup, 71.7% reported that this mode of administration helped them to feel in control of their lives. In this patient survey, satisfaction levels were high among patients with NETs receiving LAN injections at home via a LAN PSP. Most patients did not experience anxiety prior to their most recent injection and acknowledged that thanks to their treatment they had a good quality of life despite their disease. Most strongly agreed that the PSP met their medical needs, which highlights the valuable service that LAN PSPs provide for patients with NETs.
COVID‐19: The disease, the vaccine and the heart
Authors: Turner Christian J 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 has fundamentally affected the health, healthcare delivery and daily life in all populations and age groups in Australia. The aim of this report is to summarise how it has affected the paediatric population with an emphasis on, but not limited to, the cardiac manifestations. A literature review and appraisal of data relating to SARS‐CoV‐2 cardiac manifestations and vaccination in the paediatric population was undertaken.The majority of children with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection recover well. However, a very small proportion may develop severe acute disease. In the sub‐acute phase, children may also develop a Kawasaki like illness, Paediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with SARS‐CoV‐2. Whilst not directly cardiac in nature, SARS‐CoV‐2 also affected children in other profound ways. Public health measures with widespread lockdowns appeared to disproportionately affect the paediatric population causing physical deconditioning and psychological harm. Vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 has proven to be safe and effective, but the small rate of complications did disproportionately affect teenage children with risks of myocarditis and pericarditis. The long term outcomes following myocarditis related to SARS‐Cov‐2 vaccination are yet to be clarified. When treating children in the era of SARS‐CoV‐2, Paediatricians need to be well aware of the risks of infection in the acute and sub‐acute phases, have a good understanding of the well‐established recommendations for vaccination, and also be cognisant of psychological impacts.
Mortality associated with antiarrhythmic medication for atrial fibrillation among patients with left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Agdamag Arianne Clare , Westanmo Anders , Gravely Amy , Angsubhakorn Natthapon , Chen Lin Yee , Adabag Selcuk 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) guidelines recommend amiodarone as the preferred antiarrhythmic medication (AAM) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), due to potential pro‐arrhythmic risk with other AAM. However, there are limited data to support this assertion.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the records of 8204 patients who were prescribed AAM for AF and had transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) at the multicenter, VA Midwest Health Care Network from 2000 to 2021. We excluded patients without LVH (septal or posterior wall dimension ≤1.4 cm). The primary outcome variable was all‐cause mortality during antiarrhythmic therapy or within 6 months after stopping it. Propensity‐stratified analyses were performed between amiodarone versus non‐amiodarone (Vaughan‐Williams Class I and III) AAM.ResultsA total of 1277 patients with LVH (mean age 70.2 ± 9.5 years) were included in the analysis. Of these, 774 (60.6%) were prescribed amiodarone. Baseline characteristics of the two comparison groups were similar after propensity adjustment. After a median 1.40 years of follow‐up, 203 (15.9%) patients died. Incidence rates per 100 patient‐year follow‐up was 9.02 (7.58–10.66) for amiodarone and 4.98 (3.91–62.56) for non‐amiodarone. In propensity‐stratified analysis, amiodarone use was associated with 1.58 times higher risk of mortality (95% CI 1.03–2.44; p = .038). Sub‐group analysis in 336 (26.3%) patients with severe LVH showed no difference in mortality (HR 1.41, 95% CI 0.82–2.43, p = .21).ConclusionAmong patients with AF and LVH, amiodarone was associated with a significantly higher mortality risk than other AAM.
The chromatic number of Rn$\mathbb {R}^{n}$ with multiple forbidden distances
Authors: Naslund Eric 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLet be a finite set of distances, and let be the graph with vertex set and edge set , and let . Erdős asked about the growth rate of the m‐distance chromatic number
We improve the best existing lower bound for , and show that
where is an explicit constant. Our full result is more general, and applies to cliques in this graph. Let denote the minimum number of colors needed to color G so that no color contains a ‐clique, and let denote the largest value this takes for any distance set of size m. Using the partition rank method, we show that
Calibrating Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior for Hip-Worn Accelerometry in Older Women With Two Epoch Lengths: The Women’s Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Calibration Study
Authors: Evenson Kelly R. , Wen Fang , Moore Christopher C. , LaMonte Michael J. , Lee I-Min , LaCroix Andrea Z. , Di Chongzhi 
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop 60-s epoch accelerometer intensity cut points for vertical axis count and vector magnitude (VM) output from hip-worn triaxial accelerometers among women 60–91 years old. We also compared these cut points against cut points derived by multiplying 15-s epoch cut points by four. Methods: Two hundred apparently healthy women wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip while performing a variety of laboratory-based activities that were sedentary (watching television and assembling a puzzle), low light (washing/drying dishes), high light (laundry and dust mopping), or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (400-m walk) intensity. Oxygen uptake was measured using an Oxycon portable calorimeter. Sedentary behavior and physical activity intensity cut points for vertical axis and VM counts were derived for 60-s epochs from receiver operating characteristic and by multiplying the 15-s cut points by four; both were compared with oxygen uptake. Results: The median age was 74.5 years (interquartile range 70–83). The 60-s epoch cut points for vertical counts were 0 sedentary, 1–73 low light, 74–578 high light, and ≥579 moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The 60-s epoch cut points for VM were 0–88 sedentary, 89–663 low light, 664–1,730 high light, and ≥1,731 moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. For both sets of cut points, the receiver operating characteristic approach yielded more accurate estimates than the multiplication approach. Conclusion: The derived 60-s epoch cut points for vertical counts and VM can be applied to epidemiologic studies to define sedentary behavior and physical activity intensities in older adult populations.
Physical Activity and Sitting Time Patterns and Sociodemographic Correlates Among 155,790 South American Adults
Authors: Werneck André O. , Araujo Raphael H.O. , Anza-Ramírez Cecilia , Brazo-Sayavera Javier , García-Witulski Christian , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Baldew Se-Sergio , Sadarangani Kabir P. , Ramírez-Vélez Robinson , García-Hermoso Antonio , Ferrari Gerson , Cañete Felicia , Nieto-Martinez Ramfis , Silva Danilo R. 
Published: May 2023

Background: To estimate the prevalence of different physical activity (PA) domains and sitting time (ST), and to analyze the association with sociodemographic indicators. Methods: Data from the most recent nationally representative survey from each of the South American countries, comprising 155,790 adults (18–64 y), were used. Data on leisure-time, transport, and occupational PA (all 3 domains as nonzero), total PA (≥150 min/wk), and ST (≥8 h/d) were assessed by specific questionnaires in each survey. Gender, age group (18–34, 35–49, and 50–64 y), and education (quintiles) were used as sociodemographic factors. Random effect meta-analysis of the association between sociodemographic factors and PA and ST were conducted. Results: The prevalence of PA guidelines compliance and elevated ST in South America was 70.3% and 14.1%, respectively. Women were less likely to achieve the recommended levels of total and domain-based PA. Participants in the highest quintile of education were more likely for elevated ST (2.80, 2.08–3.77), lower occupational PA (0.65, 0.44–0.95), but higher leisure-time PA (3.13, 2.31–4.27), in comparison with lowest quintile. Older adults were less likely to participate in total and leisure-time PA. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the urge to tackle the inequalities in PA practice in South America, especially gender and education inequalities, for leisure-time PA.
Survival, hospitalisation and surgery in children born with Pierre Robin sequence: a European population-based cohort study
Authors: Santoro Michele , Garne Ester , Coi Alessio , Tan Joachim , Loane Maria , Ballardini Elisa , Cavero-Carbonell Clara , de Walle Hermien EK , Gatt Miriam , Gissler Mika , Jordan Sue , Klungsøyr Kari , Lelong Natalie , Urhoj Stine Kjaer , Wellesley Diana G , Morris Joan K 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate survival, hospitalisations and surgical procedures for children born with Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) across Europe.DesignMulticentre population-based cohort study.SettingData on 463 live births with PRS from a population of 4 984 793 from 12 EUROCAT congenital anomaly registries.MethodsData on children with PRS born 1995–2014 were linked electronically to data on mortality, hospitalisations and surgical procedures up to 10 years of age. Each registry applied a common data model to standardise the linked data and ran common syntax scripts to produce aggregate tables. Results from each registry were pooled using random-effect meta-analyses.Main outcome measuresProbability of survival, proportion of children hospitalised and undergoing surgery, and median length of hospital stay.ResultsThe majority of deaths occurred in the first year of life with a survival rate of 96.0% (95% CI 93.5% to 98.5%); 95.1% (95% CI 92.7% to 97.7%) survived to age 10. In the first year of life, 99.2% (95% CI 95.0% to 99.9%) of children were hospitalised with a median stay of 21.4 days (95% CI 15.6 to 27.2), and 67.6% (95% CI 46.6% to 81.8%) underwent surgery. In the first 5 years of life, 99.2% of children underwent a median of two surgical procedures. Between ages 5 and 9, 58.3% (95% CI 44.7% to 69.7%) were hospitalised with a median annual stay of 0.3 days.ConclusionsChildren with PRS had high mortality and morbidity with long hospital stays in the first year of life, and almost all had surgery before 5 years of age. Survival improved after infancy with fewer hospitalisations after age 5. This study provides reliable estimates of the survival and morbidity of children with PRS for families and healthcare providers.