bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the possibility of using cloud accumulation variable for calculating the total quantity of solar radiation falling on the Yemeni terrain
Authors: Ba-raadi Abdulla A. , Al-Saggaf Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2023

In the limitation of gathering actual data of the total amount of solar radiation in the presence of clouds from the climatological stations in Yemen, other indirect methods were used to calculate them. A systematic method suggested by two researchers in the literature, viz., Liberlyand T. G., and Sarukinoi, L. I. were applied to give the possibility of calculating the solar radiation by using the actual cloud quantity “ns” available at the stations. This requires only the monthly data of the percentage of the cloud quantity that can be taken from the network stations (coordinates) without referring to the actual values of the cloud quantity of the specified climatological stations "n1".
The results show that the percentage degree of deviation from the total quantity of solar radiation “QRns” when the clouds accumulate "ns" that were calculated using the method introduced by Liberlyand and Sarukinoi from the actual quantity of solar radiation “Qf” taken directly from the climatological stations for Aden, Riyan, Perim Island, Kamaran Island and Sana'a was , , , and respectively.
These percentages are within the allowable ranges for the theoretical calculations in the thermal energy. Consequently, the results give evidence of the possibility for using the total quantity of solar radiation calculated from the cloud accumulation variable “ns" with the use of the theoretical total solar radiation “QRn1” in any station in Yemen instead of “Qf” if its value cannot be obtained or due to the limitation of getting the value of the actual cloud accumulation “n1” in the climatological stations.
Formulation and Evaluation of Molexicam Orally Disintegrating Tablet (ODT)
Authors: Al Zomor Abdulkarim K. , Al Nethary Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an oral disintegrant tablet of meloxicam. Drug delivery systems became sophisticated and pharmaceutical scientists acquire a better understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical parameters pertinent to their performance. Over the past three decades, mouth dissolving or orally disintegrating tablets have gained considerable attention as a preferred alternative to conventional tablets due to better patient compliance.
Orally is the most preferable route of drug administration which has some limited to drug candidate that show poor permeability across the gastric mucosa and those, which are sparingly soluble. A large majority of the new chemical entities and many new existing drug molecules are poorly soluble, thereby limiting their potential uses and increasing the difficulty of formulating bioavailable drug products, so lastly the purpose of this study was to grow mouth dissolve tablets of Meloxicam.
Meloxicam is a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which a newer selective COX-1 inhibitor. Different five formulations were prepared in his study and evaluated. These tablets were prepared by direct compress procedure.
Results: The results indicate that formulation number five is the best formula were friability is 0.65% < 1%, wetting time is 5.5 sec. and disintegration time is 18 sec.
Dissolution test indicate that more than 75% of drug dissolve in the first 5min. and assay test is 99.1% which is within the pharmacopeia limit (90-110%). The systematic formulation approach helped in understanding the effect of formulation processing variables.
The Antimicrobial Effect of Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Steams, Roots and Leaves of Salvadora Persica on Oral Microbes
Authors: Aleryani Adel Q. , Al-Bader Salah M. 
Published: March 2023

Fresh samples of Salvadora persica were collected from Hudiadah province at 23/2/2011 . They include steams ,roots, and leaves . The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared as w/v . (2.5, 5, 10 )% for three plants parts .
The microbial samples were collected from privet dentists clinics in Thamar province by mouth swab and mouth washing methods . S. aureu s S. mutans, , and C. albicans were isolated and a pure cultures were prepared to each microbes for farther studies .The effect of different parts of plant showed high antimicrobial activity of root extract followed by stem and leaves extracts and the antimicrobial effecacy concern positively with concentration. The ethanol extract showed more antimicrobial activity than hot water extract.
Analysis of Torsional Vibrations of Rotary Winding Machines
Authors: Alhunaishi Ahmed Saleh 
Published: March 2023

This work is chosen to analyze the rotary winding machines because these machines are existed in our country and this analysis is practical from the side of input values and getting the results. Good rotary winding machine design practice demands the analysis of the system to insure that the reaction due to operation of the machine will not cause damaging vibrations. The widest phenomenon in vibration forms in mechanical transmission is the torsional vibration. The aim of this work is the analysis of the torsional vibrations of these rotary winding machines and to minimize that vibrations and to alleviate recurring costly maintenance problems.
To minimize system dynamic torques it is necessary to spread the torsional natural frequencies. This is best achieved by lowering the fundamental torsional natural frequency. In main rotary winding machine drives this is most readily accomplished by lowering the torsional stiffness at the lead spindle location or, by making the lead spindle torsional flexibility greater by increasing the shaft separation or, if necessary, by using a torsionally flexible spacer. Torsional stiffness is inversely proportional to shaft length. For the solution of the problem one must first of all estimate the physical system parameters taking into consideration the real set of components of a rotary winding machine and then to transform them into a mathematical model. In this work there was also the method of calculation model presented.
The equations of motion of the whole vibrating system are defined and the study include solution of torsional vibration of this machine by using Jacobi method as method of solution because it is easy to program and accurate. A computer program (Math Lab) has been used in order to Facilitate the solution because it is contain already comments specialized to solve the vibration problems. Finally, finding the final results gave a good vision to forecast the failure of the machine that could caused either by errors in design or operating conditions.
Biochemical Compositions of Urolithiasis among Yemeni Patients
Authors: Aithah Taher 
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Since the chemical composition of calculi is very important for the purpose of determining both the origin and etiology, the present study was therefore done to perform the chemical analysis of stones to know the pattern of biochemical composition of stones among Yemeni patients.
Methodology: Kidney stones were sent to Central Laboratory; in Sana’a, the capital of the Republic of Yemen for chemical analysis. The stones were washed in distilled water grinded and powdered in a mortar and were analyzed by samiquantitative method. The poweredred stones and standard both were analyzed for uric acid, cystine, oxalate, carbonates, phosphates; ammonia, calcium and magnesium contents. Data extracted from the records included age, sex, occupation and place of residence. The software SPSS 13.0 for Windows was used for data entry and analysis. Chi-Square test was used to compare between different results. P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: One hundred eight (108) stones were analyzed chemically during the period from 1st January, 2010 to 30th October 2011. All patients were Yemeni from different part of the country working in the military and their families were included in the study. The mean age of the participants included in the analysis was 29.65 ± 11.36. There were 94 (87%) stones belonged to males, while 14 (13%) stones to female. The male to female ratio was 6:1.Out of a total of 108 stones, 60 stones (55.6%) were calcium oxalate, 30(27.8%) were uric acid mixed with calcium oxalate and 5 (4.6%) stones were phosphate mixed with calcium oxalate. The association between gender and biochemical composition of renal stones were positive and statistically significant (χ = 19.072, P s= 0.025).
Recent Foraminifera from Socotra Island, Indian Ocean, Yemen
Authors: Al-Wosabi Mohammed A. 
Published: March 2023

Twenty five samples were collected from the beach sand of Socotra Island. These samples are covered the northern shoreline of the island. They were treated for extracting the foraminiferal content. Eighty Six foraminiferal species have been identified from the collected samples. These species belonging to 52 genera, 22 subfamilies, 35 families, 16 superfamilies and 6 suborders.
The systematic classification of the recorded species is mentioned and then they were compared with the type- species
The Basis of Dealing with Heritage in Sana'a City An Analytical and Critical Vision of the Architectural Changes Panorama 1972-1990
Authors: Al-Kukabani Nadia Yahiya 
Published: March 2023

Sana'a city has its own conditions in dealing with its architectural heritage because it has not obtained its political nor social awareness but in late stages. It focused at the beginning of 1962 revolution on stabilizing its new political system and this created a modern capital fit with the major political transformation without paying attention to the form or architectural structure of this capital. Therefore, the modern architecture prevailed to become a characteristic of this city.
After ten years of revolution, and as a result of tracking what was going on in the world, discussing its events, conflicts and cultures through cultural and scientific exchange which began Yemen generally in and Sana'a especially strived to achieve with Arab and western countries, an individual, government and international awareness developed about the great importance of the cultural heritage of Yemen from a general scope and the importance of traditional architecture and the maintenance of the Yemeni identity whose architecture specially incarnates its most important cultural branches.
These social, governmental, and international authorities had adopted a special vision in dealing with heritage through learning lesson from the local experiences in building, through using local building materials and decorating frontages with traditional items incarnated with the values and spirit of traditional architecture to exposure the cultural and historical asset of the traditional architecture through modernity that being witnessed by the world in which Yemen is a part of.
Thus, governmental and architectural models found to use decoration items and traditional building materials for the first time that can be considered as a basis to start dealing with heritage at governmental and social level.
So, the research aims to tackle that perspective which represents the basis of dealing with heritage , analysis and criticism, as it represented a dominant concept which had a great impact on the architectural perspective at that time and later through forming a theoretical frames for heritage's concept in language and architecture, after then how to use it in the architectural works and
studying these works which appeared for the first time on a government level and then appeared in foreign and Yemeni designers' models, and therefore it changed the architectural view, at that time and affected it for later stages.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Maternity Health Workers Regarding Breast Self- Examination in the Governmental Hospitals at Sana'a City, Yemen
Authors: Ismail Nada A. , Al-Mutawakel Adel A. 
Published: March 2023

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple very low cost and non-invasive adjuvant screening method for the detection of early breast cancer in women. Accordingly, women who correctly practice breast self-examination monthly are more likely to obtain better treatment and survival rate.
Aim: This study aimed to assess maternity health workers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding breast self-examination in Sana'a city, Yemen.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and self-administered structured questionnaire was adapted to collect data from a convenient sample. Informed verbal consent was obtained from participants. Confidentiality of information was maintained throughout the study. KAP survey was carried out among 168 maternity health workers from governmental hospitals.
Results: It was found that 56.5% know about BSE and 50.0% know that it should be performed monthly. The majority (93.5%) believed that BSE is important for early detection of breast cancer. However, only 50.7% perform BSE monthly and 59.2% performed at the second week of menstrual cycle.
Conclusion: Unfortunately, almost only half of the study subject knows about BSE and how many times it should be performed and again only half of them performed monthly. Therefore, there is need for awareness creation on the benefits of BSE as an early detection for breast cancer among female health workers.
Occurrences of Perlite Deposits in Yemen
Authors: Al-Selwi Khaled Mohammed Thabet 
Published: March 2023

Yemen, which is lies in South West Asia country, in recent years has been known to occasionally produce small quantities of industrial rocks and minerals. Perlite is deposit of comparatively recent interest, it was first described as; a glassy rhyolite, the perlite occurrences are almost always associated with Cenozoic (Tertiary) volcanic rocks of Yemen as; rhyolitic, agglomerate and volcanic tuff, it widespread in various districts in Yemen, among Taiz and Ibb, Thamar districts..etc.
Yemeni perlite deposits ranges in colour from greyish black, greenish black to almost black and has vitro¬phyric structures, waxy to pearly luster and resemble obsidian rock futures. The perlitic deposits vary in thickness from a few to tens meters, appears as thick to discontinuous layer-shaped, masses that cover several tenth meters and domes.
Petrographic study shows that the Yemeni perlite rocks/ deposits are composed mainly of more than 65% silica groundmass with embedded phenocrysts of quartz, chalcedony, K-feldspars, plagioclase pyroxene, chlorite and iron oxides, showing the similarity with silica groundmass more than 65% Toloshi-Georgian perlite with phenocrysts of chalcedony, orthoclase, sandine, plagioclase, pyroxene, biotite, chlorite and iron oxides.
Chemical analysis shows that the majority of studied Yemeni perlite rocks/ deposits have silica content ranging from 69.99 – 73.22 wt.% with an average 71.07 wt.% and water content from 2.04 – 3.30 wt.% with an average 2.96 wt.%, compared with chemical analysis of the Georgian perlite; silica and water content with an average 71.20 wt.% and 3.46 wt.% respectively, while commercial perlite content silica > 65 wt.% and water content range from 2 – 5 wt.%.
The uses of expanded perlite are many /varied and based primarily upon its chemical and physical properties where perlite has the unusual characteristic of expanding to about 20 times its original volume when heating up to above 871 °C (1600 °F). Perlite deposits in the Yemen volcanic districts were estimated to have resources of at least 65 – 335 million cubic meters.
تقييم الأثر البيئي لسد العامرة في محافظة تعز – اليمن
Authors: الجنيد احمد فاضل 
Published: March 2023

إن المتتبع للسدود المقامة في اليمن يلاحظ أن غالبية هذه السدود تعاني كثيرا من الآثار البيئية السلبية . فالتأثيرات البيئية السلبية في الإنسان والموارد المحيطة به من مياه وحيوان وتربة وأراضي زراعية وغيرها من الموارد الطبيعية الأخرى حالت دون تحقيق السد للأهداف التي أنشأ من أجلها كالري والشرب وتغذية المياه الجوفية .
سد العامرة في محافظة تعز هو احد تلك السدود وقد بينت النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها نوع وحجم تلك التأثيرات البيئية السلبية والأضرار المختلفة التي ألحقتها بالإنسان والموارد المحيطة به, كما تم التوصل الى أن السبب الرئيسي في حدوث تلك التأثيرات السلبية هو تلوث المياه في بحيرة السد
Role of general practitioners in managing common mental-neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in rural Nepal: a qualitative study from provincial hospital
Authors: Dangal Binod , Pandey Apurva Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Mental health disorders are the leading cause of morbidity worldwide and the prevalence ranges from 4.3% (China) to 26.4% (United States) annually. Depression and anxiety are the leading causes of disability. Major strategies of mental health care in remote Nepal have limited district level care. This study examines General practitioner's role in managing common mental neurological and substance use (MNS) disorders in remote Nepal with collaborative care model.

Method: This study employs qualitative approach at Pashupati Chaulagain Memorial Hospital. With purposive sampling technique, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 40 patients (N=40), 3 GPs (N=3) and 1 mental health expert (N=1) done. A 10 minutes long questionnaire comprising 15 items were asked and 30-minute interview was taken. Thematic analysis was carried out.

Result: Patients reported positive experiences of the model. Among 40 patients, mainly 50% comprised of depression, 25% of anxiety disorder, and 15% of Psychosis and 10% comprised of alcohol use disorder. Successful treatment, patient satisfaction, regular services, strong supply chain and counseling by psychosocial counselor were the main rewards in the model. The challenges identified were stigma, poverty, and poor infrastructure development, need of guidance and supervision of the program.

Conclusion: General practitioners play an important role in the provision of common mental health disorders in the remote setting of Nepal. A collaborative care model led by GPs have shown promising evidence in treating mental health patients effectively. Developing communication with GP-mental health professionals, organizing training programs for GPs, policy advocacy, motivational benefits and psychotropic medicine management can improve overall mental health care.
Azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for treatment of blepharitis
Authors: Sharma Srijana Pradhan , Jun Cai Xiao 
Published: March 2023

Blepharitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the lid margins, which may appear as simple hyperemia or as a true inflammation. It may occur in two forms anterior and posterior. The eyelid margins can become inflamed, irritated, and itchy when these glands produce abnormal secretions. Blepharitis is often seen in patients with acne rosacea, a generalized illness of oil glands. Anterior blepharitis is due to inflammation of the lid margin around the lashes. Seborrhoeic blepharitis is similar to dandruff of the scalp. Staphylococcal blepharitis is a result of bacterial infection of the lashes. Allergies due to reactions from mascara, contact lens solutions, and sprays, exposure to animals, environmental chemicals, or airborne allergens can also cause blepharitis.
The single most important treatment principle is a daily routine of good eyelid hygiene ,this includes frequent scalp and face washing, using warm compresses to soak the eyelids, and doing eyelid scrubs but these treatment have very little efficacy in chronic and severe blepharitis. Antibiotic oral and ointment are also prescribed to decrease the bacterial load, other treatment modalities like artificial tear for dry eye and topical antibiotics are used in cases of severe inflammation. Topical antibiotics are recommended to decrease the bacterial load, and topical corticosteroids may help in cases of severe inflammation. Azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% in Durasite has been proposed as a novel treatment for posterior blepharitis.
In this review I shall focus on Azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for the treatment of blepharitis based on its good anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and good tissue penetration.
Clinical characteristics of breast cancer patient: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Shrestha Samir , Shah Surendra , Shah Jay N 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Patients with breast cancer have long been thought to have poorer prognosis. It is the 2nd commonest cancer in women in Nepal. The aim of this retrospective study was to conduct a review of data of patients who underwent treatment at Patan Academy of Health Sciences(PAHS) to ascertain the clinico-epidemiological pattern.
Methods: The case report of all patients diagnosed to have breast cancer were examined for age, risk factors, symptoms and clinical findings, site of primary tumor and extent of disease, operative management & histopathological results.
Results: Among 50 cases, all were females(100%). Mean age of presentation was 42yrs. Main presentation was breast lump, among them 20(40%) had pain and 6(12%) had nipple discharge & 16(32%) had ipsilateral axillary lump. Mean duration of symptoms was 4 months. Mean size of tumor was 4x5 cm an main location was upper outer quardant ( 32.4%). Overlying skin was involved in 22(44%) and chest wall fixation was seen in 16(32%). Out of 50 case, 38(76%) received adjuvant treatment. Fourteen patient with locally advanced breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy first. Histopathologically infiltrating ductal carcinoma was seen in 94%, medullary carcinoma in 3%, lobular carcinoma in 2%, lymphoma in 1%.
Conclusion: In our study, breast carcinoma was prevalent in younger age group commonly in middle class population. Most patients who presented in locally advanced stage were due to lack of awareness and inadequate health care services. Complete treatment was relatively unsuccessful because of poor follow up.
Effect of Metformin in HbA1C in Nepalese type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tiwari Sanjeeb 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Up to now a limited number of studies compared metformin with other OHA directly and some of their results are still controversial.1 The study which compared metformin and other OHA, the ADOPT study, the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), did not include Nepalese diabetic patients . Therefore, the aim of study was the comparative evaluation of metformin and other OHA influence on glycemic control(HbA1c) in Nepalese patients with diagnosed type 2.
Methods: A prospective cross sectional database of patients treated at diabetic clinic, TUTH, were analyzed. Patients with type 2 diabetes with HbA1c (A1C) data and treated with metformin and other OHA, for at least three visits were included (n = 115). Analysis by HbA1c and the type of oral agent was performed.
Results: In the analyzed group of patients, the mean duration of therapy was for 9 months. Metformin was given to 48 patients and 57 patients were on other OHA. In the metformin group mean HbA1c level (from 7.8 Â± 1.8 at baseline to 6.7 Â± 0.8 at the end of analysis period; p<0.05). The highest mean HbA1c at baseline (7.8 Â± 1.8) was observed in the group treated with metformin; the same group experienced the highest drop in HbA1c levels (by .7, from 7.8 Â± 1.8 to7.1 Â± 0.9). The comparable decrease in HbA1c (by .5 from 7.6 Â± 2.1 to 7.1 Â± 1.2) was also found in the group treated with other OHA.
Conclusion: We conclude that metformin is as efficacious and is a good agent of chice to reduce HbA1c. Our study provides evidence-based data to support metformin use in Nepalese individuals with type 2 diabetes.