bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial development and validation of the School Anxiety Inventory–College Version (SAI‐CV)
Authors: Beckmann Emily A. , Jastrowski Mano Kristen E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo develop the School Anxiety Inventory–College Version (SAI‐CV)—a measure of school anxiety specifically tailored for college students—and provide initial reliability and validity evidence. College undergraduates (N = 1004) from a large Midwestern University. Participants completed the SAI‐CV as well as measures of test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and college self‐efficacy. SAI‐CV total and subscale scores indicated excellent internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = .94–.97). Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐factor model for each domain: school situations (academic failure, social evaluation, peer aggression) and anxiety symptoms (cognitive, behavioral, physiological). The SAI‐CV also exhibited strong evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. Findings support strong initial psychometric evidence of the SAI‐CV. Given that school anxiety is a prevalent and debilitating health concern among college students, future efforts should establish the clinical utility of the SAI‐CV and development of targeted interventions.
Cyclic and linear germylenes as ligands: DFT study
Authors: Rahmati Somayeh , Ayoubi‐Chianeh Mojgan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFollowing our previous surveys on group 14 divalents, we report new series ofN‐heterocyclic germylenes (NHGe) and their analogs that are regarded as cyclic (1C–10C) and linear (1L–10L) forms. Their thermodynamic and structural parameters are compared and contrasted, at the B3LYP/6‐311++G** level of theory. The complexation of these NHGe with Cu metal is investigated. Various analyses such as the atoms in molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital (NBO), non‐covalent interaction (NCI), and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) are performed to determine the strength of our germylenes to act as ligands. The results indicate that there are strong interactions between the metal‐ligand bonds with a high contribution of ‐back donation. Every linear germylene demonstrates a higher ability ofσ‐donation andπ‐acceptation. Our scrutinized germylenes turn out as remarkable ligands to the Cu that can be applied in several types of catalysis.
Built environment factors predictive of early rapid lung function decline in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Gecili Emrah , Brokamp Cole , Rasnick Erika , Afonso Pedro M. , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , Dexheimer Judith W. , Clancy John P. , Keogh Ruth H. , Ni Yizhao , Palipana Anushka , Pestian Teresa , Vancil Andrew , Zhou Grace C. , Su Weiji , Siracusa Christopher , Ryan Patrick , Szczesniak Rhonda D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe extent to which environmental exposures and community characteristics of the built environment collectively predict rapid lung function decline, during adolescence and early adulthood in cystic fibrosis (CF), has not been examined.ObjectiveTo identify built environment characteristics predictive of rapid CF lung function decline.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single‐center, longitudinal cohort study (n = 173 individuals with CF aged 6–20 years, 2012–2017). We used a stochastic model to predict lung function, measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) of % predicted. Traditional demographic/clinical characteristics were evaluated as predictors. Built environmental predictors included exposure to elemental carbon attributable to traffic sources (ECAT), neighborhood material deprivation (poverty, education, housing, and healthcare access), greenspace near the home, and residential drivetime to the CF center.Measurements and Main ResultsThe final model, which included ECAT, material deprivation index, and greenspace, alongside traditional demographic/clinical predictors, significantly improved fit and prediction, compared with only demographic/clinical predictors (Likelihood Ratio Test statistic: 26.78, p < 0.0001; the difference in Akaike Information Criterion: 15). An increase of 0.1 μg/m3 of ECAT was associated with 0.104% predicted/yr (95% confidence interval: 0.024, 0.183) more rapid decline. Although not statistically significant, material deprivation was similarly associated (0.1‐unit increase corresponded to additional decline of 0.103% predicted/year [−0.113, 0.319]). High‐risk regional areas of rapid decline and age‐related heterogeneity were identified from prediction mapping.ConclusionTraffic‐related air pollution exposure is an important predictor of rapid pulmonary decline that, coupled with community‐level material deprivation and routinely collected demographic/clinical characteristics, enhance CF prognostication and enable personalized environmental health interventions.
NKp46‐specific single domain antibodies enable facile engineering of various potent NK cell engager formats
Authors: Lipinski Britta , Arras Paul , Pekar Lukas , Klewinghaus Daniel , Boje Ammelie Svea , Krah Simon , Zimmermann Jasmin , Klausz Katja , Peipp Matthias , Siegmund Vanessa , Evers Andreas , Zielonka Stefan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, we describe the generation of potent NK cell engagers (NKCEs) based on single domain antibodies (sdAbs) specific for NKp46 harboring the humanized Fab version of Cetuximab for tumor targeting. After immunization of camelids, a plethora of different VHH domains were retrieved by yeast surface display. Upon reformatting into Fc effector‐silenced NKCEs targeting NKp46 and EGFR in a strictly monovalent fashion, the resulting bispecific antibodies elicited potent NK cell‐mediated killing of EGFR‐overexpressing tumor cells with potencies (EC50killing) in the picomolar range. This was further augmented via co‐engagement of Fcγ receptor IIIa (FcγRIIIa). Importantly, NKp46‐specific sdAbs enabled the construction of various NKCE formats with different geometries and valencies which displayed favorable biophysical and biochemical properties without further optimization. By this means, killing capacities were further improved significantly. Hence, NKp46‐specific sdAbs are versatile building blocks for the construction of different NKCE formats.
Functional, pathogenic, and pharmacological roles of protein folding intermediates
Authors: Biasini Emiliano , Faccioli Pietro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein expression and function in eukaryotic cells are tightly harmonized processes modulated by the combination of different layers of regulation, including transcription, processing, stability, and translation of messenger RNA, as well as assembly, maturation, sorting, recycling, and degradation of polypeptides. Integrating all these pathways and the protein quality control machinery, deputed to avoid the production and accumulation of aberrantly folded proteins, determines protein homeostasis. Over the last decade, the combined development of accurate time‐resolved experimental techniques and efficient computer simulations has opened the possibility of investigating biological mechanisms at atomic resolution with physics‐based models. A meaningful example is the reconstruction of protein folding pathways at atomic resolution, which has enabled the characterization of the folding kinetics of biologically relevant globular proteins consisting of a few hundred amino acids. Combining these innovative computational technologies with rigorous experimental approaches reveals the existence of non‐native metastable states transiently appearing along the folding process of such proteins. Here, we review the primary evidence indicating that these protein folding intermediates could play roles in disparate biological processes, from the posttranslational regulation of protein expression to disease‐relevant protein misfolding mechanisms. Finally, we discuss how the information encoded into protein folding pathways could be exploited to design an entirely new generation of pharmacological agents capable of promoting the selective degradation of protein targets.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of NlCYP6CS1 gene reveals its role in detoxification of insecticides in Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Zhang Yan‐Chao , Gao Yang , Ye Wen‐Nan , Peng Yu‐Xuan , Zhu Kun Yan , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the major rice insect pests in Asia. Recently, high levels of insecticide resistance have been frequently reported and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450)‐mediated metabolic detoxification is a common resistance mechanism in N. lugens. However, there has been no persuasive genetic method to prove the role of P450s in insecticide resistance in N. lugens.RESULTSHere, CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to disrupt the P450 gene NlCYP6CS1 to elucidate its role in insecticide resistance in field populations of N. lugens. We successfully constructed a homozygous strain (Nl6CS1‐KO) with a 5‐bp deletion and 1‐bp insertion mutation of NlCYP6CS1. Compared with a background resistant strain (Nl‐R), the susceptibility of knockout strain Nl6CS1‐KO to imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, and pymetrozine was increased by 2.3‐, 3.4‐, 7.0‐, 4.2‐ and 3.9‐fold, respectively, but not significantly changed to triflumezopyrim, chlorpyrifos and buprofezin. Life table analysis demonstrated that the Nl6CS1‐KO strain resembled the Nl‐R strain in terms of egg and nymph developmental duration and adult lifespan, but differed from the Nl‐R strain in the survival rate of eggs and nymphs, reproduction, and body weight.CONCLUSIONSOur study demonstrates the effect of functional deletion of NlCYP6CS1 on multiple insecticide resistance in N. lugens. For the first time, we applied CRISPR/Cas9 system to reveal the mechanism of insecticide resistance in N. lugens, which may shed light on similar studies in other hemipteran insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Unveiling the Origin of Co3O4Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Guo Xu , Liu Xing , Wang Menglong , Yan Junqing , Chen Yubin , Liu Shengzhong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpinel cobalt oxide displays excellent photocatalytic performance, especially in solar driven water oxidation. However, the process of water reduction to hydrogen is considered as the Achilles’ heel of solar water splitting over Co3O4owing to its low conduction band. Enhancement of the water splitting efficiency using Co3O4requires deeper insights of the carrier dynamics during water splitting process. Herein, the carrier dynamic kinetics of colloidal Co3O4quantum dots‐Pt hetero‐junctions is studied, which mimics the hydrogen reduction process during water splitting. It is showed that the quantum confinement effect induced by the small QD size raised the conduction band edge position of Co3O4QDs, so that the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer from 2p state of oxygen to 3d state of Co2+occurs, which is necessary for overall water splitting and cannot be achieved in Co3O4bulk crystals. The findings in this work provide insights of the photocatalytic mechanism of Co3O4catalysts and benefit rational design of Co3O4‐based photocatalytic systems.
A Review of Phosphorus Structures as CO2 Reduction Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhai Rui , Zhang Lihui , Gu Mengyue , Zhao Xuewen , Zhang Bo , Cheng Yonghong , Zhang Jinying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEffective photocatalytic carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction into high‐value‐added chemicals is promising to mitigate current energy crisis and global warming issues. Finding effective photocatalysts is crucial for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Currently, metal‐based semiconductors for photocatalytic CO2 reduction have been well reviewed, while review of nonmetal‐based semiconductors is almost limited to carbon nitrides. Phosphorus is a promising nonmetal photocatalysts with various allotropes and tunable band gaps, which has been demonstrated to be promising non‐metallic photocatalysts. However, no systematic review about phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions has been reported. Herein, the progresses of phosphorus structures as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction are reviewed. The fundamentals of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, corresponding properties of phosphorus allotropes, photocatalysts with phosphorus doping or phosphorus‐containing ligands, research progress of phosphorus allotropes as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction have been reviewed in this paper. The future research and perspective of phosphorus structures for photocatalytic CO2 reduction are also presented.
Advanced two‐dimensional materials toward polysulfides regulation of metal–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fan Haining , Luo Wenbin , Dou Shixue , Zheng Zijian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetal–sulfur battery, which provides considerable high energy density at a low cost, is an appealing energy‐storage technology for future long‐range electric vehicles and large‐scale power grids. One major challenge of metal–sulfur batteries is their long‐term cycling stability, which is significantly deteriorated by the generation of various soluble polysulfide intermediates and the shuttling of these intermediates through the separator. Furthermore, the intrinsically sluggish reaction kinetics associated with the poor conductivity of sulfur/sulfides family causes a large polarization in cycle behavior, which further deteriorates the electrode rechargeability. To solve these problems, the research communities have spent a great amount of effort on designing smart cathodes to delicately tailor the physiochemical interaction between the sulfur hosts and polysulfides. Here, we summarize the key progress in the development of two‐dimensional (2D) host materials showing advantageous tunability of their physiochemical properties through coordination control methods such as defect engineering, heteroatom doping, heterostructure, and phase and interface engineering. Accordingly, we discuss the mechanisms of polysulfide anchoring and catalyzing upon specific coordination environment in conjunction with possible structure–property relationships and theoretical analysis. This review will provide prospective fundamental guidance for future sulfur host design and beyond.
Compliance with World Health Organization's COVID‐19 guidelines among Iraqi health workers
Authors: Hadi Burhan , Jassem Kadhim H. , Abadi Reheem M. , Igrish Mohamed A. , Hussein Ali F. A. , Lee Ka Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced guidelines with respect to hygiene practices, quarantine policies, and medical practices for health institutions to follow. Most studies examining compliance with WHO guidelines have been conducted at individual level but not at institutional level. This study investigates the availability of resources of health institutions in Iraq and their compliance with WHO COVID‐19 guidelines. A total of 234 health workers, including physicians, nurses and medical technicians, were recruited in Babylon, Iraq. Self‐reported number of health workers available in the health centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's guidelines were assessed. Implementation of preventive measures for infected persons, fogging procedures, and having a crisis management team in the health centre were the top three common practices as recommended by WHO. There was a weak but significant positive relationship between the number of health workers in the healthcare centre and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID‐19 guidelines (ρ = 0.243, p < 0.05), indicating that manpower may determine the implementation of these guidelines. There is a correlation between the quantity of health workers and the levels of compliance with the WHO's COVID‐19 guidelines, showing that it is important to ensure sufficient human resources available in the health centre to implement the standard practices. In addition, more financial resources are needed to provide sufficient protective equipment and disposable supplies to health workers in Iraq.
Dis-embedding or Re-embedding? Exploring Migrants’ Responses in Contexts of ‘Unsettling Events’
Authors: Ryan Louise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOver the last few years, a series of ‘unsettling events’ has profoundly impacted on migratory projects. As noted by Jakobson, King, Moroşanu and Vetik in the editors’ opening chapter of this book, migrants are impacted by ‘multiple layers of crises’. In this chapter, I contribute to this body of scholarship by using longitudinal data, a social networks lens and the conceptual framework of differentiated embedding to explore how migrants respond to unsettling events such as Brexit. In so doing, I seek to advance understanding of the different ways in which migrants mobilise resources and adopt strategies in their efforts to navigate and resist potentially unsettling forces.
Adapting to the New Normality: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Seasonal Migration from Albania
Authors: Kopliku Bresena , Çaro Erka 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic created economic turmoil and impacted various areas of life all over the world. One of the major socio-political aspects of this global crisis consisted of border closures and lockdowns imposed by governments. Migrant workers have been one of the most affected groups, because they are over-represented in vulnerable occupations and among workers with short-term labour contracts; hence, they are among the first to be laid off. Dependent for 30 years now on the financial capital coming from diverse types of migration – seasonal migration, circular mobility and remittances from international migration – the economy of Albania was negatively impacted by the consequences of these changes. Many migrant workers had to return to their country of origin and face the precarious situation from which they had already left. A lot of seasonal and circular migrant workers were trapped and could not emigrate. Outward mobility shrank or was postponed because of travel bans. The more significant consequences were experienced by seasonal migrants who are used to generating incomes through temporary work and who were unable to continue doing so due to being stuck in Albania. The fall in remittances during this period was partially caused by the strong impact that the crisis had on emigrant workers, be they temporary or permanent: the measures that prohibited many economic activities in the host countries; the difficulties of transferring money; as well as a significant portion of remittances normally making their way to Albania through informal channels.
Disrupted Mobilities: British-Bangladeshis Visiting Their Friends and Relatives During the Global Pandemic
Authors: Miah Md Farid 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic severely disrupted the cross-border mobilities of people and materials. The ramifications of such a sudden large-scale disruption of mobilities were hugely significant for migrants’ and diasporic citizens’ transnational way of life. Being ‘here’ and ‘there’ and maintaining intimate personal, familial and social ties between people and places transnationally suddenly became virtually impossible, and some of these blockages and brakes to mobility continue. National lockdowns by many countries across the globe and the virtual halting of international travel severely limited people’s capacity to physically travel. Visiting geographically distant relatives and friends, meeting them face-to-face and fulfilling cultural obligations and duties, such as providing care or attending a funeral, became very challenging. In this chapter, I examine the disruptions of human spatial-temporal mobilities of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) between members of the British-Bangladeshi diaspora in London and their home country, Bangladesh. Drawing from interviews both in-person and online via Zoom and WhatsApp, I analyse and interpret the complex experiences of their visits and the consequences of enforced immobilities for individuals and families during the pandemic.
The Assimilationist Drift of Italian Jurisprudence on Integration in the Years of the ‘Refugee Crisis’
Authors: Cavaggion Giovanni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe coexistence of different cultures in the same legal system is a given fact of contemporary ‘Western’ societies, produced by structural migratory phenomena that are not realistically reversible and that brought about the advent of the so-called ‘multicultural state’. In a multicultural state, a cultural majority lives side-by-side with one or more cultural, ethnic or religious minorities, who sometimes identify themselves with a set of values and principles that could be regarded as incompatible with those of the host country’s legal system, thus generating what has been described by scholars as a ‘meeting’ (or a ‘clash’) of cultures. This chapter documents the shift in Italian legal rulings on specific issues of migrant cultural practices in Italy towards a more assimilationist stance, reflecting the wider political dynamics of migrant and refugee arrivals in Italy.
Bootstrapping $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 sYM correlators using integrability
Authors: Caron-Huot Simon , Coronado Frank , Trinh Anh-Khoi , Zahraee Zahra 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
How much spectral information is needed to determine the correlation functions of a conformal theory? We study this question in the context of planar supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, where integrability techniques accurately determine the single-trace spectrum at finite ’t Hooft coupling. Corresponding OPE coefficients are constrained by dispersive sum rules, which implement crossing symmetry. Focusing on correlators of four stress-tensor multiplets, we construct combinations of sum rules which determine one-loop correlators, and we study a numerical bootstrap problem that nonperturbatively bounds planar OPE coefficients. We observe interesting cusps at the location of physical operators, and we obtain a nontrivial upper bound on the OPE coefficient of the Konishi operator outside the perturbative regime.
Welche mikrobiotaorientierten Therapien sind heute gesichert effektiv?
Authors: Scharl Michael 
Published: February 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das Interesse an der Mikrobiota (dazu zählen Bakterien, Pilze und Viren) und an mikrobiotaorientierten Therapien ist in den letzten Jahren stetig gewachsen. Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Entstehung verschiedenster Erkrankungen und der Zusammensetzung der intestinalen Mikrobiota ist hier von besonderem Interesse. Insbesondere die Chancen, die eine gezielte Manipulation der Mikrobiotazusammensetzung in Therapieansätzen eröffnet, scheinen vielversprechend.

Zielsetzung
Ziel dieses Übersichtsbeitrags ist es, die aktuelle Datenlage zu mikrobiotaorientierten Therapien zusammenzufassen sowie die mittels Studien nachweislich als effizient geltenden Therapieoptionen für bestimmte Erkrankungen aufzuzeigen.

Ergebnisse
Die aktuelle Datenlage zur Effektivität mikrobiotabasierter Therapien variiert stark zwischen den untersuchten Erkrankungen. Während bestimmte Therapien in der Behandlung einiger Erkrankungen nachweisliche Erfolge erzielten, ist die Datenlage für andere Erkrankungen noch mangelhaft. So beträgt die Erfolgsrate bei der Behandlung einer Clostridioides-difficile-Kolitis mittels fäkaler Mikrobiotatransplantation 80–90 %.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Behebung von Dysbiosen der intestinalen Mikrobiota kann eine Möglichkeit zur Behandlung der entsprechenden Erkrankungen darstellen. Mangels eines kausal-funktionellen Verständnisses und aufgrund der deskriptiven Natur der bisherigen Kenntnisse sind die Anwendungen bisher jedoch noch beschränkt. Die derzeit durchgeführten klinischen Studien zu Veränderungen und der Wichtigkeit unserer Darmmikrobiota könnten womöglich bald zu weiteren therapeutischen Optionen in der Behandlung verschiedener Erkrankungen führen.