bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of the DGAT1 K232A mutation and breed on milk traits in cattle populations of Ethiopia
Authors: Samuel Behailu , Dadi Hailu , Dinka Hunduma 
Published: May 2023

Non-conservative K232A substitution in the diacylglycerol acyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene has been reported to explain variation in milk traits in cattle. The objective of this study was to estimate allele and genotype frequencies and to assess associations between K232A variants and milk yield and composition in cattle populations of Ethiopia. Blood samples for genomic DNA extraction and milk samples for analysis of milk components were collected from 92 randomly selected cattle of five Ethiopian breeds. Gene-specific primers were used to amplify 278 bp of the exon 8 region of DGAT1. Allele and genotype frequencies were calculated using Power Marker, and the GLM function of SAS software was used to assess the associations of detected genetic variation with milk traits. Boran * Holstein Friesian (HF) crosses produced a higher daily milk yield than the other breeds (p&lt; 0.05), whereas the Boran and Begait breeds produced milk with higher fat and protein contents (p&lt; 0.05), and Horro produced milk with a higher content of lactose, than the other breeds studied (p&lt; 0.05). Alleles K and A and genotypes AA, KA, and KK were detected. The frequency of K232 ranged from 0.50 in Boran * HF crosses to 0.97 in the Horro population. The frequency of the KK and KA genotypes in the zebu population ranged from 0.50 to 0.94 and from 0.03 to 0.50, respectively. The AA genotype was associated with higher milk yield in Boran * HF crosses, whereas the KA genotype was associated with higher milk yield in the zebu populations (p&lt; 0.05). The fat and lactose contents of milk produced with the KA genotype were lower than those of milk produced with the KK genotype in all genetic groups (p&lt; 0.05). Substitution of one copy of the K allele led to a significant (p&lt; 0.05) increase in fat content, of up to 0.81%, a decrease in daily milk yield of up to 3 L, and a decrease in lactose content of 0.58% in the sampled populations. The association study confirmed that the DGAT1 K232A marker had significant effects on daily milk yield, milk fat and lactose contents in the investigated cattle. These results suggested that the DGAT1 K232A marker may be utilized to accelerate future molecular breeding of dairy cattle, tropical zebu, their crossbreeds, after validation in a larger population.
Preventing acute diverticulitis. any roles for non-absorbable antibiotics? in search of evidence: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Koch Maurizio , Maraolo Alberto Enrico , Natoli Giuseppe , Corrao Salvatore 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundHospital admissions for diverticulitis, a complication of diverticular disease, are very much on the increase. Prevention of diverticulitis could cut costs and save lives.AimsTo identify whether the risk of the first episode of diverticulitis (primary prevention) or recurrence of diverticulitis (secondary prevention) can be reduced in patients with diverticular disease using non-absorbable antibiotics (mainly rifaximin).MethodsThe studies were identified by searching PubMed and CENTRAL from 1990 to May 2022. The methodological quality of each study was also evaluated. The outcome of the meta-analysis was the occurrence of a first or subsequent episode of diverticulitis. In addition, a trial sequential analysis was performed to evaluate whether the results would be subject to type I or type II errors.ResultsPrimary prevention: the risk difference was statistically significant in favor of rifaximin (-0,019, or -1.9%, CI -0,6 to -3,3%). There was no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 0%). At one year, two years, and eight years of age, the NNT was 62, 52, and 42, respectively. The level of evidence had a moderate degree of certainty. Secondary prevention: the risk difference was statistically significant in favor of rifaximin (- 0,24, or -24%, CI -47 to -2%). There was evidence of heterogeneity (I2 92%); NNT resulted in 5. The grade level was low.ConclusionsRifaximin can lower the risk of a first episode of diverticulitis. However, the cost-benefit ratio currently appears too high. Rifaximin could also reduce the risk of a second episode, but the quality of the evidence is low.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022379258.
Inhibition of DAI refrains dendritic cells from maturation and prolongs murine islet and skin allograft survival
Authors: Cheng Pengrui , Jian Qian , Fu Zongli , Deng Ronghai , Ma Yi 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionCentral to allograft rejection is the T cell-mediated adaptive immune response initiated by activated dendritic cells (DCs). Previous studies have shown that the DNA-dependent activator of IFN regulatory factors (DAI) is involved in the maturation and activation of DCs. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of DAI could prevent DCs from maturation and prolong murine allograft survival.MethodsDonor mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were transduced with the recombinant adenovirus vector (AdV-DAI-RNAi-GFP) to inhibit DAI expression (DC-DAI-RNAi), and the immune cell phenotype and function of DC-DAI-RNAi upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation were evaluated. Then DC-DAI-RNAi was injected into recipient mice before islet transplantation and skin transplantation. The survival times of islet and skin allograft were recorded and the proportions of T cell subsets in spleen and secretion levels of cytokines in serum were measured.ResultsWe identified that DC-DAI-RNAi inhibited the expression of main co-stimulatory molecules and MHC-II, exhibited strong phagocytic ability, and secreted high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines and low levels of immunostimulating cytokines. Recipient mice treated with DC-DAI-RNAi had longer islet and skin allograft survival times. In the murine islet transplantation model, we observed an increase in Treg cells proportion, a reduction in Th1 and Th17 cells proportions in spleen, and similar trends in their secreted cytokines in serum in the DC-DAI-RNAi group.ConclusionInhibition of DAI by adenovirus transduction inhibits the maturation and activation of DCs, affects the differentiation of T cell subsets as well as their secreted cytokines, and prolongs allograft survival.
RIPK1 and RIPK3 are positive prognosticators for cervical cancer patients and C2 ceramide can inhibit tumor cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: Vogelsang Tilman L. R. , Kast Verena , Bagnjuk Konstantin , Eubler Katja , Jeevanandan Sree Priyanka , Schmoeckel Elisa , Trebo Anna , Topalov Nicole Elisabeth , Mahner Sven , Mayr Doris , Mayerhofer Artur , Jeschke Udo , Vattai Aurelia 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThe enzymes Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) und 3 (RIPK3) as well as the protein Mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (pMLKL) play a role in the signaling cascade of necroptosis. This is a form of programmed cell death which is caspase-independent. High-risk human papilloma virus infection can inhibit necroptosis. Thereby, a persistent infection and consequently the development of cervical cancer can be triggered. Aim of this study was the analysis of the expression of RIPK1, RIPK3 and pMLKL in cervical cancer tissue and the evaluation of its prognostic value on overall survival, progression-free survival and additional clinical parameters.MethodsThe expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, and pMLKL in cervical cancer tissue microarrays of n = 250 patients was analyzed immunohistochemically. Further, the effect of C2 ceramide on several cervical cancer cell lines (CaSki, HeLa, SiHa) was examined. C2 ceramide is a biologically active short-chain ceramide that induces necroptosis in human luteal granulosa cells.ResultsSignificantly longer overall survival and progression-free survival rates could be detected in cervical cancer patients expressing nuclear RIPK1 or RIPK3 alone or simultaneously (RIPK1 and RIPK3). Cell viability and proliferation was reduced through C2 ceramide stimulation of cervical cancer cells. Simultaneous stimulation of C2 ceramide and the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, or the RIPK1-inhibitor necrostatin-1, partly reversed the negative effect of C2 ceramide on cell viability. This observation could imply that caspase-dependent and -independent forms of cell death, including necroptosis, can occur. AnnexinV-FITC apoptosis staining induced a significant increase in apoptotic cells in CaSki and SiHa cells. The stimulation of CaSki cells with C2 ceramide led to a significant percentual increase in necrotic/intermediate (dying) cells after stimulation with C2 ceramide. In addition, after stimulation with C2 ceramide, CaSki and HeLa cells live cell imaging showed morphological changes which are common for necroptosis.DiscussionIn conclusion, RIPK1 and RIPK3 are independent positive predictors for overall survival and progression-free survival in cervical cancer patients. C2 ceramide can reduce cell viability and proliferation in cervical cancer cells by inducing most likely both apoptosis and necroptosis.
The chromosomal instability 25 gene signature is identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and serves as a predictor for survival and Sunitinib response
Authors: Wang Chang , Qin Xin , Guo Wei , Wang Jing , Liu Li , Fang Zhiqing , Yuan Huiyang , Fan Yidong , Xu Dawei 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundChromosomal instability (CIN) is a cancer hallmark and it is difficult to directly measure its phenotype, while a CIN25 gene signature was established to do so in several cancer types. However, it is currently unclear whether there exists this signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and if so, which biological and clinical implications it has.MethodsTranscriptomic profiling was performed on 10 ccRCC tumors and matched renal non-tumorous tissues (NTs) for CIN25 signature analyses. TCGA and E-MBAT1980 ccRCC cohorts were analyzed for the presence of CIN25 signature, CIN25 score-based ccRCC classification, and association with molecular alterations and overall or progression-free survival (OS or PFS). IMmotion150 and 151 cohorts of ccRCC patients treated with Sunitinib were analyzed for the CIN25 impact on Sunitinib response and survival.ResultsThe transcriptomic analysis of 10 patient samples showed robustly upregulated expression of the CIN25 signature genes in ccRCC tumors, which were further confirmed in TCGA and E-MBAT1980 ccRCC cohorts. Based on their expression heterogeneity, ccRCC tumors were categorized into CIN25-C1 (low) and C2 (high) subtypes. The CIN25-C2 subtype was associated with significantly shorter patient OS and PFS, and characterized by increased telomerase activity, proliferation, stemness and EMT. The CIN25 signature reflects not only a CIN phenotype, but also levels of the whole genomic instability including mutation burden, microsatellite instability and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Importantly, the CIN25 score was significantly associated with Sunitinib response and survival. In IMmotion151 cohort, patients in the CIN25-C1 group exhibited 2-fold higher remission rate than those in the CIN25-C2 group (P = 0.0004) and median PFS in these two groups was 11.2 and 5.6 months, respectively (P = 7.78E-08). Similar results were obtained from the IMmotion150 cohort analysis. Higher EZH2 expression and poor angiogenesis, well characterized factors leading to Sunitinib resistance, were enriched in the CIN25-C2 tumors.ConclusionThe CIN25 signature identified in ccRCC serves as a biomarker for CIN and other genome instability phenotypes and predicts patient outcomes and response to Sunitinib treatment. A PCR quantification is enough for the CIN25-based ccRCC classification, which holds great promises in clinical routine application.
Characteristic of molecular subtype based on lysosome-associated genes reveals clinical prognosis and immune infiltration of gastric cancer
Authors: Hu Maodong , Chong Ruifeng , Liu Weilin , Liu Shuangyong , Liu Xiaolei 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundLysosome are involved in nutrient sensing, cell signaling, cell death, immune responses and cell metabolism, which play an important role in the initiation and development of multiple tumors. However, the biological function of lysosome in gastric cancer (GC) has not been revealed. Here, we aim to screen lysosome-associated genes and established a corresponding prognostic risk signature for GC, then explore the role and underlying mechanisms.MethodsThe lysosome-associated genes (LYAGs) were obtained from MSigDB database. Differentially expressed lysosome-associated genes (DE-LYAGs) of GC were acquired based on the TCGA database and GEO database. According to expression profiles of DE-LYAGs, we divided the GC patients into different subgroups and then explored tumor microenvironment (TME) landscape and immunotherapy response in LYAG subtypes using GSVA, ESTIMATE and ssGSEA algorithms. Univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO algorithm and multivariate Cox regression analysis were adopted to identify the prognostic LYAGs and then establish a risk model for patients with GC. The Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis and ROC analysis were utilized to evaluate the performance of the prognostic risk model. Clinical GC specimens were also used to verify the bioinformatics results by qRT-PCR assay.ResultsThirteen DE-LYAGs were obtained and utilized to distinguish three subtypes in GC samples. Expression profiles of the 13 DE-LYAGs predicted prognosis, tumor-related immunological abnormalities and pathway dysregulation in these three subtypes. Furthermore, we constructed a prognostic risk model for GC based on DEG in the three subtypes. The Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that higher risk score related to short OS rate. The Cox regression analysis and ROC analysis indicated that risk model had independent and excellent ability in predicting prognosis of GC patients. Mechanistically, a remarkable difference was observed in immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy response, somatic mutation landscape and drug sensitivity. qRT-PCR results showed that compared with corresponding adjacent normal tissues, most screened genes showed significant abnormal expressions and the expression change trends were consistent with the bioinformatics results.ConclusionsWe established a novel signature based on LYAGs which could be served as a prognostic biomarker for GC. Our study might provide new insights into individualized prognostication and precision treatment for GC.
The Short-Term Variation of Human Gut Mycobiome in Response to Dietary Intervention of Different Macronutrient Distributions
Authors: Tian Yunyi , Gou Wanglong , Ma Yue , Shuai Menglei , Liang Xinxiu , Fu Yuanqing , Zheng Ju-Sheng 
Published: May 2023

While the human gut is home to a complex and diverse community of microbes, including bacteria and fungi, research on the gut microbiome has largely focused on bacteria, with relatively little attention given to the gut mycobiome. This study aims to investigate how diets with different dietary macronutrient distributions impact the gut mycobiome. We investigated gut mycobiome response to high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) and low-carbohydrate high-fat (LC) diet interventions based on a series of 72-day feeding-based n-of-1 clinical trials. A total of 30 participants were enrolled and underwent three sets of HC and LC dietary interventions in a randomized sequence. Each set lasted for 24 days with a 6-day washout period between dietary interventions. We collected and analyzed the fungal composition of 317 stool samples before and after each intervention period. To account for intra-individual variation across the three sets, we averaged the mycobiome data from the repeated sets for analysis. Of the 30 participants, 28 (aged 22–34 years) completed the entire intervention. Our results revealed a significant increase in gut fungal alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and significant changes in fungal composition (beta diversity, p < 0.05) after the HC dietary intervention. Specifically, we observed the enrichment of five fungal genera (Pleurotus, Kazachstania, Auricularia, Paraphaeosphaeria, Ustilaginaceae sp.; FDR < 0.052) and depletion of one fungal genus (Blumeria; FDR = 0.03) after the HC intervention. After the LC dietary intervention, one fungal genus was enriched (Ustilaginaceae sp.; FDR = 0.003), and five fungal genera were depleted (Blumeria, Agaricomycetes spp., Malassezia, Rhizopus, and Penicillium; FDR < 0.1). This study provides novel evidence on how the gut mycobiome structure and composition change in response to the HC and LC dietary interventions and reveals diet-specific changes in the fungal genera.
Periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense): A Promising Amazon Fiber for Application in Composite Materials
Authors: Pinheiro Miriane Alexandrino , Ribeiro Maurício Maia , Rosa Diemison Lira Santa , Nascimento Damares da Cruz Barbosa , da Silva Alisson Clay Rios , dos Reis Marcos Allan Leite , Monteiro Sergio Neves , Candido Verônica Scarpini 
Published: May 2023

Natural lignocellulosic fibers (NLFs) have in recent decades appeared as sustainable reinforcement alternatives to replace synthetic fibers in polymer composite material applications. In this work, for the first time, the periquiteira (Cochlospermum orinocense), a lesser known NLF from the Amazon region, was analyzed for its density and, by X-ray diffraction (XRD), to calculate the crystallinity index as well as the microfibrillar angle (MFA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron analysis (SEM) and tensile strength. The apparent density found for the periquiteira fiber was 0.43 g/cm3, one of the NLF’s lowest. XRD analysis indicated a crystallinity index of 70.49% and MFA of 7.32°. The TGA disclosed thermal stability up to 250 °C. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups characteristic of NLFs. The SEM morphological analysis revealed that the periquiteira fiber presents fine bundles of fibrils and a rough surface throughout its entire length. The average strength value of the periquiteira fiber was found as 178 MPa. These preliminary results indicate that the periquiteira fiber has the potential to be used as a reinforcing agent in polymeric matrices and can generate a lightweight composite with excellent mechanical properties that can be used in various industrial sectors.
Contato pele a pele entre mães e recém-nascidos saudáveis após o nascimento: Percepção de mulheres
Authors: Fortes Andressa de Almeida , Da Silva Izabella Barboza , Talizin Elisabete Venturini 
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: Investigar as experiências de mulheres sobre o contato pele a pele com o recém-nascido. Método: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Realizadas entrevistas online gravadas com mulheres que deram a luz em 2020 e 2021, residentes na zona sul do município de São Paulo. Utilizado o método de Bardin para análise dos dados. Resultados: Entrevistadas 15 mulheres, maioria primigestas que tiveram parto normal na Rede pública, foram identificadas 4 categorias: falta de conhecimento e de orientação sobre o contato pele a pele, fontes de informações sobre o contato pele a pele, experiência única e marcante, breve contato com o recém-nascido. Considerações finais: Verificou-se a necessidade de abranger essa temática durante as consultas de pré-natal e outras ocasiões que acompanharem as gestantes até o parto. Os profissionais de saúde deveriam atuar como facilitadores e incentivadores dessa prática, visto que sua contribuição é significativa para realização desse contato imediato após o nascimento.
Aleitamento materno conjunto na co-maternidade homoafetiva: a invisibilidade política e científica das necessidades reais da amamentação na homoparentalidade feminina
Authors: Baldini Nayara Leal Ferreira , Castro Phaedra , Baldini Mayarê Leal Ferreira , Lima Sofia Santos , De Oliveira Vanessa e Silva , Madureira Lucca Gomes 
Published: May 2023

O aleitamento materno é a forma mais segura e eficaz de alcançar o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados para uma criança. Além de desenvolver o vínculo materno-infantil, apresenta vantagens imunológicas diminuindo as taxas de morbimortalidade infantil, bem como a incidência de doenças infecciosas na primeira infância. Os anticorpos presentes no leite materno são provenientes dos antígenos entéricos e respiratórios da mãe, ou seja, ela produz anticorpos contra agentes infecciosos com os quais já teve contato durante a vida, e passa pelo leite materno para o bebê, protegendo-o contra os germes mais prevalentes no meio em que a mãe vive. O relacionamento homoafetivo entre mulheres cisgênero, quando resulta na maternidade e na homoparentalidade, é um dos processos revolucionários mais importantes na democratização das formações parentais usuais, pois amplia e recria o conceito de família. A necessidade do reconhecimento, visibilidade e assistência à saúde das mulheres em relações homoafetivas que centram esforços na construção da co-maternidade é crescente. Permitir que filhos de mães homossexuais possam ser amamentados pelas suas duas mães, também. Esse artigo tem por objetivo, portanto, discutir os benefícios da amamentação quando oferecida pelas duas mães - a que gestou e a que não gestou - a um mesmo bebê. Serão abordadas a associação entre o recebimento passivo de anticorpos pelo leite materno de duas mães, e um possível benefício imunológico suplementar; o encorajamento à amamentação conjunta pela mãe que não gestou para fortalecimento dos vínculo com o bebê; e da amamentação conjunta pelas duas mães em relação às questões política, social, feminista e do trabalho que podem envolver o aleitamento materno.
Komparasi Hasil Belajar PAI Masa Darurat Covid-19 dan Masa Transisi Covid-19 SMP di Kota Bima
Authors: Addarunnafis Muh , Mukhlis Mukhlis , Nurhilaliati Nurhilaliati 
Published: May 2023

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes various problems in all of life, one of which is Education. This research aimed (1) to determine of differences in learning outcomes for PAI subjects during the COVID-19 emergency period in the odd and even semester of the 2020/2021 school year, (2) the COVID-19 transition period in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 SMPN level in Bima City was a process, especially students learning outcomes as an objective standard for achieving learning objectives, especially how the results were achieved in PAI subjects.(3) Factors causing differences during the emergency and transitional periods of Covid-19. This study uses a quantitative method of Ex Post Facto comparative causal type approach. As for the research results. The ANOVA test used SPSS which (1) Showed 0.000 < 0.05, it meant that there was a significant difference in PAI learning outcomes during the COVID-19 emergency period for the odd semester of the 2020/2021 academic year with the average scores of SMPN 1 is 88.40, SMPN 7is 80.24, and SMPN 8 is 78.83. Furthermore, the even semester showed 0.000 < 0.05, it meant that there was a significant difference in PAI learning outcomes during the COVID-19 emergency period of even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year with the average scores of SMPN 1 is 88.87, SMPN 7 is 85.52 and SMPN 8 is 80.65. (2) During the COVID-19 transition period for the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year, there was a significant difference in PAI learning outcomes with 0.000 <0.05 with average scores of SMPN 1 is 90.03, SMPN 7 is 85.16 and SMPN 8 is 80.61. (3) The factors causing the differences are internal factors originating from the student themselves and external factors such as different in school backgrounds, quality of educational institutions and socio-economic conditions as well as support from schools and parents.