bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographics and Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Diabetic Patients Attending Department of Ophthalmology at Dhulikhel Hospital
Authors: Shrestha R. M. , Shrestha N. , Shrestha P. , Shrestha J. K. 
Published: January 2023

Background Diabetes mellitus is considered as a major public health concern globally. Poor management of diabetes may lead to several serious complications including endstage renal disease, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular complications. Among them diabetic retinopathy is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in Nepal.
Objective To assess the demographics and level of awareness among individuals with diabetes about diabetic retinopathy during their visit to Department of Ophthalmology at Dhulikhel Hospital.
Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving all consecutive cases of diabetes mellitus who attended eye clinic with the principal investigator and co-investigator from March 2021 to August 2021. Detailed demographics of the participants, their level of awareness regarding diabetic retinopathy and associated complications were documented. This was followed by a detailed ocular examination intending to screen for the presence of features of diabetic retinopathy.
Result A total of 260 patients with a mean age of 54 years ± 12.20 (range of 24 - 85 years) were included. The male to female ratio was 2.2:1. Among them, 65.4% of the patients had diabetes mellitus for less than 5 years duration. Diabetic retinopathy was found in 18.46% of the cases. Awareness of diabetic ocular complications was significantly higher among literate population (p = 0.054), among those who have positive family history of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.529) and those who had undergone prior fundus evaluation (p = 0.000).
Conclusion From result of this study, we can emphasize that there is a necessity for health education in order to increase the awareness and knowledge about diabetic retinopathy to lower the burden of sight threatening complications related with the issue.
Impact of decompensated cirrhosis in children: A population-based study
Authors: Kehar Mohit , Griffiths Rebecca , Flemming Jennifer A 
Published: January 2023

Background: We describe the proportion of children with compensated cirrhosis who develop decompensation in Ontario, Canada over the past two decades. Methods: This is a retrospective population-based cohort study using routinely collected health care data from Ontario, Canada held at ICES during 1997–2017. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was made using validated ICES definition, and decompensation events were defined according to validated coding. Rates of decompensation, type of decompensation, and incidence of liver transplantation after decompensation were analyzed. Databases were linked at the individual level and analyzed at ICES-Queen’s. Results: A total of 2,755 children with compensated cirrhosis were included and 9% (253) developed decompensation over a median follow-up of 7 years. Children most likely to suffer decompensation were younger (median age 10 versus 4 years, p < 0.001) and female (45% versus 52%, p = 0.03). Ascites (137/253, 54%) was the most frequent complication. 199/2755 (7%) of children with cirrhosis received liver transplantation, of which 64% (128/199) occurred after a decompensation event. Overall, a total of 132 (4.7%) deaths occurred during the study period, with 55 deaths following a decompensating event. Conclusion: We present the first study to describe rates of decompensation, type, and rate of liver transplantation after decompensation in pediatric cirrhosis at the population level. To improve the care of children with liver disease, early detection of liver disease, early initiation of specific treatments as well as identification of children who are at risk of becoming decompensated are crucial.
Verteporfin-loaded microparticles for radiosensitization of preclinical lung and breast metastatic spine cancer
Authors: Akinduro Oluwaseun O. , Suarez-Meade Paola , Roberts McKinley , Tzeng Stephany Y. , Sarabia-Estrada Rachel , Schiapparelli Paula , Norton Emily S. , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Anastasiadis Panos Z. , Guerrero-Cázares Hugo , Green Jordan J. , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
The vertebral column is the most common site for skeletal metastasis, often leading to debilitating pain and weakness. Metastatic cancer has unique genetic drivers that potentiate tumorigenicity. There is an unmet need for novel targeted therapy in patients with spinal metastatic disease.

METHODS
The authors assessed the effect of verteporfin-induced yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibition on spine metastatic cell tumorigenicity and radiation sensitivity in vitro. Animal studies used a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model to assess the use of systemic intraperitoneal verteporfin (IP-VP) and intratumoral verteporfin microparticles (IT-VP) to inhibit the tumorigenicity of lung and breast spinal metastatic tumors from primary patient-derived tissue.

RESULTS
Verteporfin led to a dose-dependent decrease in migration, clonogenicity, and cell viability via inhibition of YAP and downstream effectors cyclin D1, CTGF, TOP2A, ANDRD1, MCL-1, FOSL2, KIF14, and KIF23. This was confirmed with knockdown of YAP. Verteporfin has an additive response when combined with radiation, and knockdown of YAP rendered cells more sensitive to radiation. The addition of verteporfin to YAP knockdown cells did not significantly alter migration, clonogenicity, or cell viability. IP-VP and IT-VP led to diminished tumor growth (p < 0.0001), especially when combined with radiation (p < 0.0001). Tissue analysis revealed diminished expression of YAP (p < 0.0001), MCL-1 (p < 0.0001), and Ki-67 (p < 0.0001) in tissue from verteporfin-treated tumors compared with vehicle-treated tumors.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to demonstrate that verteporfin-mediated inhibition of YAP leads to diminished tumorigenicity in lung and breast spinal metastatic cancer cells. Targeting of YAP with verteporfin offers promising results that could be translated to human clinical trials.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α as potential predictors of delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Wiśniewski Karol , Popęda Marta , Price Benjamin , Bieńkowski Michał , Fahlström Andreas , Drummond Katharine , Adamides Alexios A. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), which is responsible for significant death and disability. The dynamic balance between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with DCI is suspected be shifted to favor ROS formation. The authors assessed the relationship between F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), oxidative stress biomarkers, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which are responsible for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) production for glutathione system function, with post-aSAH DCI.

METHODS
The authors assessed 45 aSAH patients for F2-IsoP and G6PD concentration using commercial ELISA on days 2, 4, and 6 after aSAH. The authors examined the correlation between plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations and clinical factors with DCI occurrence and aSAH outcome.

RESULTS
Expectedly, the most important clinical predictors of DCI were Hunt and Hess grade and modified Fisher (mFisher) grade. Plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations were greater in aSAH patients than the control group (p < 0.01). F2-IsoP concentrations were greater and G6PD concentrations were lower in patients with DCI than those without (p < 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoP and G6PD concentrations on day 2 were correlated with DCI occurrence (p < 0.01). Plasma F2-IsoP concentrations on days 2 and 6 were correlated with outcome at 1 and 12 months (p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Decreased G6PD indirectly informs the reduced antioxidant response, especially for the glutathione system. G6PD concentration was lower in patients with DCI than those without, which may explain the increased F2-IsoP concentrations. mFisher grade, plasma F2-IsoP concentration, and G6PD concentration on day 2 after aSAH, in combination, may serve as predictors of DCI. Further research is necessary to investigate the therapeutic utility of F2-IsoPs and antioxidants in clinical practice.
Preoperative elevated eosinophils in peripheral blood for prediction of postoperative recurrence of chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Matsubara Maoki , Yagi Kenji , Minami Yukari , Kanda Eiichiro , Sunada Yoshihiro , Tao Yoshifumi , Takai Hiroki , Shikata Eiji , Hirai Satoshi , Matsubara Shunji , Uno Masaaki 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is a common neurological disease with a significant postoperative recurrence rate. There are numerous reported studies of the development of CSDH. In recent years, fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, and inflammation have all been identified as relevant factors in the development of CSDH. While several authors have reported risk factors associated with CSDH recurrence, differential blood count of leukocytes has not yet been discussed. Therefore, in this study the authors aimed to retrospectively investigate the association between differential blood leukocyte count and the rate of CSDH recurrence.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed 476 patients with 529 CSDHs who underwent surgery at a single institution between January 2011 and December 2021. After exclusion of patients who had not undergone a differential blood test of leukocytes preoperatively, CSDHs in 517 cerebral hemispheres of 466 patients were included in the study. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts ≥ 100/µL were considered eosinophil rich.

RESULTS
CSDHs in 494 cerebral hemispheres of 445 patients were followed up postoperatively for at least 3 months or until resolution indicated by CSDH disappearance. Postoperative recurrence of CSDH was observed in 46 cerebral hemispheres (9.3%). Among the preoperative differential blood counts of all leukocytes, eosinophils alone were significantly associated with CSDH recurrence (median [IQR] 76/µL [30–155/µL] vs 119/µL [39–217/µL]; p = 0.03). Multivariable regression analysis showed thrombocytopenia (adjusted OR [aOR] 5.23, 95% CI 1.85–14.79; p = 0.002), use of anticoagulant drugs (aOR 2.51, 95% CI 1.17–5.38; p = 0.02), hematoma volume (10 mL per increase) (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16; p = 0.04), and eosinophil-rich peripheral blood (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.17–4.23; p = 0.02) were all independent predictors for CSDH recurrence.

CONCLUSIONS
This study showed that preoperative peripheral blood eosinophil count was an independent risk factor for CSDH recurrence. Therefore, patients with CSDH who have elevated eosinophils preoperatively in peripheral blood require careful follow-up.
The association between Disease Activity Score and rheumatoid arthritis–associated cervical deformity: radiological evaluation of the BeSt trial
Authors: Lebouille-Veldman Anna B. , Spenkelink Dylan , Allaart Cornelia F. , Vleggeert-Lankamp Carmen L. A. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVE
The authors’ objective was to evaluate the association of the Disease Activity Score (DAS) with cervical spine deformity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients during 10-year optimal treatment of systemic disease.

METHODS
The authors evaluated radiological and 10-year follow-up (FU) data of the BeSt (BehandelStrategien) trial. In 272 RA patients, atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS), presence of vertical translocation (VT), and subaxial subluxation (SAS) were evaluated. The associations of these deformities with DAS, self-assessed health (determined with the Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ]), and erosions of the hands and feet (Sharp–Van der Heijde score) were studied.

RESULTS
After 10 years of FU, AAS (> 2 mm neutral position) was observed in 62 patients (23%), AAS (≥ 3 mm in flexion) in 24%, AAS (≥ 5 mm in flexion) in 7%, VT did not occur, and SAS was present in 60 patients (22%). In total, 135 patients (50%) were in remission (DAS < 1.6) at 10 years of FU. No association could be established between AAS and DAS. Patients with cervical spine deformity (AAS > 2 mm and/or SAS) at 10 years had a higher HAQ score at 10 years than patients without cervical spine deformity (HAQ scores of 0.65 and 0.51, respectively, p = 0.04; 95% CI –0.29 to 0.00).

CONCLUSIONS
Even though 50% of patients were in remission after 10 years and the BeSt trial was designed to optimize treatment, 40% of patients developed at least mild RA-associated cervical spine deformity and 7% developed significant AAS. This indicates that even in this era of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologicals, cervical deformity is prevalent among patients with RA and should not be neglected in patient treatment plans and information.
A MULTIPOINT IN-TIME PROBLEM FOR THE 2b-PARABOLIC EQUATION WITH DEGENERATION
Authors: Pukalskyy I. , Yashan B. 
Published: January 2023

In recent decades, special attention has been paid to problems with nonlocal conditions for partial differential equations. Such interest in such problems is due to both the needs of the general therapy of boundary value problems and their rich practical application (the process of diffusion, oscillations, salt and moisture transport in soils, plasma physics, mathematical
biology, etc.).
A multipoint in-time problem for a nonuniformly 2b-parabolic equation with degeneracy is studied. The coefficients of the parabolic equation of order 2b allow for power singularities of arbitrary order both in the time and spatial variables at some set of points. Solutions of auxiliary problems with smooth coefficients are studied to solve the given problem. Using a priori estimates, inequalities are established for solving problems and their derivatives in special Hölder spaces. Using the theorems of Archel and Riess, a convergent sequence is distinguished from a compact sequence of solutions of auxiliary problems, the limiting value of which will be the solution of the given problem. Estimates of the solution of the multipoint time problem for the 2b-parabolic equation are established in Hölder spaces with power-law weights. The order of the power weight is determined by the order of degeneracy of the coefficients of the groups of higher terms and the power features of the coefficients of the lower terms of the parabolic equation. With certain restrictions on the right-hand side of the equation, an integral image of the solution to the given problem is obtained.
Detection of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease among Smokers Aged ≥40 years Attending Primary Health Care Centers in Baghdad-AL-Karkh and AL-Resafa
Authors: Abd Ala Isra A. , Mousa Nada Abdul Wahhab , Al-Lami Faris 
Published: January 2023

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease causes permanent morbidity, premature mortality and great burden to the healthcare system. Smoking is it's most common risk factor and Spirometry is for diagnosing COPD and monitoring its progression.
Objectives: Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in symptomatic smokers’ ≥ 40years by spirometry.
Methods: A cross sectional study on all symptomatic smokers aged ≥ 40 years attending ten PHCCs in Baghdad Alkarkh and Alrisafa. Those whose FEV1/FVC was <70% on spirometry; after giving bronchodilator, were considered COPD +ve.
Results: Overall, airway obstruction was seen in 206(46.8%). It is significantly associated with increase age (50-y), more in male and increase with increase duration and amount of smoking
Conclusions: COPD was prevalent among men and women. Early diagnosis of COPD is good for both patient and community. Routine spirometry is an easy way for screening and identifying asymptomatic patients. Before adoption of spirometry Cost-effectiveness is needed.
Association between Aggregatibacter actinomy-cetemcomitans bacterial load and NLRP3 inflam-masome activation in periodontitis patients with Diabetes
Authors: Al-obaidi Mohammed 
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is one of the most common periodontal pathogen that has a direct effect on periodontium. Diabetes and periodontitis considered as chronic diseases with a bidirectional relationship between them. Evidence has shown that the Node Like Receptor Pyrine-3 inflammasome, is crucial for both illnesses. Aim of study: This investigation was conducted to observe the association between bacterial load of A. actinomyctecomtans and serum level of NLRP3 inflammasome in periodontitis patient with and without type 2 DM and control group. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 85 participants, whose ages ranged from (23-55) years. Split into three groups; the control group, which had a clinically and systemically healthy periodontium, and the two groups with periodontitis, one of which also had type 2 DM. Samples of the four most profound periodontal pockets were sampled for subgingival plaque, and from the gingival sulcus in the control group. The real-time (PCR) was utilized in this experiment. to quantify A. actinomyctecomtans DNA was isolated from samples of dental plaque. All subjects' serum was collected, and the concentration of NLRP3 was measured using an ELISA technique. Results: The results showed that the bacterial count was higher in two groups of patient than the control group, but there were no-significant differences. On the other hand, there was a significant correlation between the bacterial count and periodontal parameters in periodontitis with type 2 DM group, while in periodontitis group there was positive correlation with clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing. A significant positive correlation also noticed between NLRP3 inflammasome and periodontal parameters in periodontitis patient with type2 DM. Regarding the group of periodontitis patients without systemic disease there was no significance correlation between inflammasome and clinical parameters. Finally, there is a non-significant correlation of A. actinomyctecomtans with inflammasome. Conclusions: A. actinomyctecomtans detection rate was strongly higher in patient groups compared to healthy subjects but statically non-significant. Moreover, the lack of correlation between A. actinomyctecomtans and the NLRP3 inflammasome indicates that NLRP3 activation is associated with inflammatory processes that are induced by a number of external factors, other than bacteria.
Down-regulation of SLC16A-AS1 and LINC00900 lncRNAs in Iranian patients with breast cancer
Authors: Dorostgoo Zeinab , Fattahi Asieh Sadat , Moosavi Saide Samare , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Oskooei Vahid Kholghi 
Published: January 2023

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence pathetiology of breast cancer. Besides, VDR and ESR1 signaling pathways are two important pathways in this malignancy. In the present mixed bioinformatics and expression assay study, we have identified lncRNAs that are co-expressed with VDR and ESR1 in breast cancer tissues and analyzed their expression in 42 paired breast cancer and non-cancerous specimens. Expression of SLC16A-AS1 was significantly lower in breast cancer tissues compared with paired non-cancerous samples (expression ratio = 0.27, P value < 0.001). Similarly, LINC00900 was down-regulated in cancer tissues compared with non-cancerous ones (expression ratio = 0.26, P value = 0.01). There were no significant differences in the expressions of VDR and AATBC between these two sets of samples. Expression levels of VDR and AATBC were associated with histological grade (P values = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Moreover, expression of VDR was associated with tumor size (P value = 0.02). Finally, expression levels of SLC16A-AS1 were associated with first pregnancy age (P value = 0.006). In brief, the results of current study further support involvement of VDR and ESR1-associated lncRNAs in breast cancer.
A rare presentation of tuberculous adenitis mimicking metastatic breast lymphadenopathy
Authors: Ferre Romuald , Ghorab Zeina , Alikhassi Afsaneh , Curpen Belinda 
Published: January 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) remains in 2022 a significant public health issue as it remains endemic in some areas of the globe, with a high prevalence in underdeveloped countries (Pujani, Khan, Hassan, Jetley, Raina, Breast Dis., 35(3): 195–198, 2015. doi:10.3233/BD-150405. PMID: 26406543). Pulmonary TB is the most common form, but TB can also have extrapulmonary manifestations like tubercular lymphadenopathy. Tuberculous lymphadenitis is the most extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It used to be called scrofula in the past coming from the Latin meaning breeding sow (Kokosali, Lloyd, Dent Update, 33(5): 306–308, 311, 2006. doi:10.12968/denu.2006.33.5.306. PMID: 16841612; Oberhelman, Watchmaker, Phillips, JAMA Dermatol, 155(5): 610, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5651. PMID: 30942835). It is a common cause of peripheral lymphadenitis, seen mostly in the developing countries, but also reemerging among intravenous drugs users and immunocompromised population. Cervical nodes are the most commonly detected nodes in tuberculous lymphadenitis, accounting for 63% of the cases, followed by mediastinal (27%) and axillary nodes (8%) (Ahuja, Ying, Evans, King, Metreweli, Clin Radiol, 50(6): 391–395, 1995. doi:10.1016/s0009-9260(05)83136-8. PMID: 7789023). Tuberculous lymphadenitis affects predominantly the young population and children. There is also a slight female predilection. As to our knowledge, there have not been any reported cases as post-menopausal axillary tuberculous lymphadenitis, and it is the focus of this article.
Proteome profiling of ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Mosavi Zeinb , Bashi Zadeh Fakhar Haniyeh , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Akbari Mohamd Esmaeel , Rostami Forouzan 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND AND AIM: DCIS is the most common type of non-invasive breast cancer, accounting for about 15 to 30%. Proteome profile is used to detect biomarkers in the tissues of breast cancer patients by mass spectrometry. This study aimed to obtain the expression profile of DCIS proteome, and the expression profile of invasive biomarkers, and finally to introduce a dedicated biomarker panel to facilitate the prognosis and early detection for in situ breast cancer patients. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this study, 10 patients with breast cancer (DCIS) were studied. Benign (marginal) and cancerous tissue samples were obtained from patients for proteomics experiments. Initially, all tissue proteins were extracted using standard methods, and the proteins were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Then, the expression amount of the extracted proteins was determined by ITRAQ. The data were analysed by R software, and gene ontology was utilised for describing the protein in detail. RESULTS: 30 spots on gel electrophoresis were found in the tumor tissue group (sample), and 15 spots in the margin group (control) with P < 0.05. Healthy and cancerous tissue gels showed that 5 spots had different expression. VWF, MMP9, ITGAM, MPO and PLG protein spots were identified using the site www.ebi.ac.uk/IPI. Finally, protein biomarkers for breast tumor tissue with margin were introduced with the names of P04406, P49915, P05323, P06733, and P02768. DISCUSSION: There are 5 critical proteins in inducing cancer pathways especially complement and coagulation cascades. The hall markers of a healthy cell to be cancerous are proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and changes in the immune system. Hence, regulation of protein plays a key role in developing recurrence to breast cancer in margins.