bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversational thinking as a new methodological option for African philosophy
Authors: Attoe Aribiah David , Uduagwu Chukwueloka Simon 
Published: August 2023

In response to the question about what the most attractive method for African philosophy is, we consider conversational thinking as an alternative to pre-existing methods in African philosophy, especially in contemporary times. We shall show in this essay that the heavy critique of the ethnophilosophical method–concerning its inadequacy–left a gap that both philosophic sagacity and hermeneutics have failed to fill. In the contemporary period, Innocent Asouzu developed what he calls complementary reflection, which is a framework for bridge-building between old and new, weak and strong, local and alien and in all aspects of reality, which he claims constitute missing links of reality. Unfortunately, Asouzu’s method of complementary reflection appears to say little about resolving conflicts among dissenting variables, and in this regard, his method, though promising, also remains inadequate. Our goal here is to demonstrate that conversational thinking is a viable attempt at a systematised and well-developed methodology for doing African Philosophy – one which proceeds from an African place and discovers its relevance in the global space. To properly articulate the relevance and viability of conversational thinking, we begin by examining, in some detail, the various flaws of the pre-existing methodologies of African philosophy. We go a step further to explicate the tenets of conversational thinking and present it as a viable method(ology) borne out of the African experience for African philosophy. Furthermore, we introduce the up-down movement of thought as a novel description of conversational thinking at the level of what we refer to as the sub-micro level of conversational thinking. We conclude by identifying the ways in which conversational thinking situates African philosophy and can drive its discourses in contemporary time.
Permutation graphs with co-inversion on Γ<sub>1</sub> - non-deranged permutations
Authors: Muhammad Ibrahim , Umar Abubakar 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we define permutation graphs on Γ1 -non-deranged permutations using the set of co-inversion as edge set, and the values of permutation as the set of vertices. From the graphs, we observed that diameter and radius of the graph of any ω1 is one, the graph of any ωp-1 ∈ GΓ1p simple, the graph of ω1 is completed and other properties of the graphs were also observed.
Conquest and Law as a Eurocentric enterprise: An Azanian philosophical critique of legal epistemic violence in “South Africa”
Authors: Lepuru Masilo 
Published: August 2023

This essay will critically analyse how conquest that resulted in white settler colonialism laid the foundation for epistemic violence. Epistemic violence, which took the form of the imposition of the law of the European conqueror in the wake of land dispossession in 1652 in South Africa is the fundamental problem this essay will critically engage with. We will rely on the Azanian philosophical tradition as a theoretical framework to critique this legal epistemic violence. Our theoretical framework is in line with Afrikan jurisprudence, which is grounded in the culture and worldview of the Indigenous people conquered in wars of conquest. Fundamental to our argument is that the law of the European conqueror, which was imposed through conquest is a Eurocentric enterprise, which seeks to negate the Afrikan worldview and culture and reinforce historic injustice. It is important to note that epistemic violence commenced with the issuing of papal bulls, which undergirded conquest and white settler colonialism in South Africa. The thesis of the essay is that in the wake of conquest and the attendant imposition of the law of the European conqueror, white settlers used their law to technicalise issues of historic injustice such as land dispossession. It is in this sense that this essay seeks to contribute to the decolonisation of law by foregrounding the worldview and culture of the Indigenous conquered people.
A Critical Assessment of the Regulatory Framework for Oil and Gas Decommissioning in Nigeria
Authors: Omotuyi Opeyemi Yetunde 
Published: August 2023

Oil and gas production have been ongoing in Nigeria since the first major discovery of oil in commercial quantity in 1956. With over sixty years of exploitation, there is a tendency that several oil fields may be approaching the end of their viable lifespan. Moreover, with the increasing agitation against global warming and climate change, and the attendant shift towards energy transition and sustainable development, a wave of decommissioning in the oil and gas sector is to be expected globally. Since Nigeria is identifying with the energy transition agenda, the discourse on decommissioning is germane to the Nigerian oil and gas industry, especially because a move to cleaner energy sources will necessitate the decommissioning of several oil fields in the country. To ensure an effective decommissioning regime however, there must be established clear and enforceable rules and regulations for decommissioning in the oil and gas industry. Such rules and regulations must also address major issues and challenges attributable to decommissioning oil and gas projects generally.
Against this backdrop, this study explores the various legal regimes applicable to the decommissioning of oil and gas projects in Nigeria, with the aim of identifying the adequacy or otherwise of such laws. It was found that the existing legal regime, where considered together, provides adequately for decommissioning issues and challenges in the Nigerian oil and gas sector. Notwithstanding, the study found few challenges that may still hinder effective decommissioning processes in Nigeria. Therefore, the study concluded by proffering suitable recommendations that can promote the objectives of decommissioning in the Nigerian oil and gas sector.
Les défis de l’évaluation du français langue étrangère en ligne : le cas de l’Université du Ghana
Authors: Agbo James Kofi , Kaiza Elias Kossi 
Published: August 2023

L’étude s’ambitionne d’analyser les défis des évaluations semestrielles en ligne chez les étudiants en licence au département de français à l’université du Ghana. L’évaluation joue un rôle primordial dans le processus de l’enseignement/apprentissage en éducation. Aujourd’hui, l’évolution des technologies, ainsi que l’arrivée de la pandémie de Covid-19 depuis plus de deux ans, a provoqué un changement du système scolaire où les cours en présentiel sont transformés à une formation à distance (FAD) et où les évaluations numériques sont plus privilégiées. Au moyen d’un questionnaire destiné aux étudiants via Google docs, les données nécessaires ont été collectées pour une analyse des difficultés rencontrés par les étudiants lors des évaluations en ligne. Les résultats soulignent beaucoup de facteurs dont : le type d’outils numériques utilisés à l’usage inapproprié du système LMS de l’université. L’étude propose aux étudiants de suivre une formation adéquate sur l’usage de LMS Sakai et de s’engager dans une autoformation afin de surmonter les défis relevés.
The study aims at analysing the challenges of online semester assessments administered to undergraduate students in the French department at the University of Ghana. Assessment plays a vital role in the teaching/learning process in education. Today, the evolution of technologies as well as the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic for more than two years has caused a change in the school system where face-to-face lessons are transformed remotely and where digital assessments are more preferred. By means of a student questionnaire via Google docs, the necessary data were collected for an analysis of the challenges faced by students during online assessments. The results highlight many factors from the type of digital tools used to the inappropriate use of the university’s LMS system. The study proposes an initial adequate training for students by the authorities on the use of LMS Sakai and student self-study engagement in order to overcome the challenges encountered.
Evaluation of Tomato (<i>Lycopersicon lycopersicum</i> (L.) Genotypes for their Reaction to <i>Tomato mosaic virus</i> (ToMV) Infection in Kebbi State, Nigeria
Authors: Mohammed I U. , Magaji M.D. , Abdulazeez A. , Yusuf I.J. , Dasa J. , Musa A. 
Published: August 2023

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is among the most devastating viral diseases of tomato worldwide and it can cause yield losses of up to 40%. One of the effective managements of plant viral diseases is the use of resistant genotypes. This research was conducted to determine the reaction of tomato genotypes to Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) infection. The experiment consists of five tomato genotypes which were evaluated for resistance to ToMV infection under screen-house conditions using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates. The treatments were Dantaya, Danwarai, Dan-Niko, Dan-Heka, and Hybrid Platinum, which are the five most preferred farmers varieties in Kebbi State. Prior to mechanical inoculation, ToMV-infected leaf samples used as source of inoculum were tested ToMV positive using Direct Antibody Coating-Enzyme Linked Immunoassay (DAC-ELISA). Thirty-six (36) seedlings of each genotype were transplanted into plastic pots containing compost and seedlings recovery were recorded two weeks after transplanting (WAT) before inoculation. Hybrid Platinum has low establishment percentage (72.22%), compared to DanHeka and Dan-Niko with both 100%. All the genotypes evaluated were infected when inoculated with ToMV but with significant variation (P = 0.05) in their reaction to ToMV infection. Dantaya recorded the highest percent disease incidence of 50.00% while, Platinum recorded the lowest percent disease incidence of 31.94%. Three genotypes were susceptible to ToMV while, two were resistant to ToMV. The high incidence of ToMV found on farmers preferred tomato genotypes in Kebbi State is of great management concern. Also, this has implication for tomato productivity and yield in the state.
Plasmid-Borne Mobile Colistin Resistant Gene (Mcr-1) Detection and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Some Abattoir Environments in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: Omoruyi I.M. , Ovia P.P. , Ahmad-Dirisu Z. , Osemwowa E. , Ibitoye Y.I. 
Published: August 2023

Antibiotics resistance is an increasing public health challenge globally, and very recently, global attention has focused on colistin, which is termed “last resort antibiotics”. This study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistant and multidrug resistant bacteria from 6 major abattoirs located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and eighty-eight samples from fresh water, wastewater, utensils, and handlers were obtained over a 6-months period. Mean mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) and thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) were determined by pour plate method, while the indoor air of the abattoirs was sampled using passive sedimentation technique. Bacterial isolates were identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA analysis. Phenotypic detection of colistin-resistance as well as multi-drug resistant profile of all isolates was done by the modified Kirky Bauer method. The presence and/or absence of colistin-resistance gene (mcr-1 to mcr-8) were investigated by polymerase chain reaction. The MAB ranged from 0.3 ± 0.0 cfu/m3 in indoor air from both Holy Ghost B and Bob Izua abattoir to 2.6 ± 0.3 cfu/ml in wash water from Holy Ghost A abattoir, while the TCB ranged from 0.0 ± 0.0 cfu/ml in wastewater from Lawal and Sons abattoir to 0.6 ± 0.1 cfu/ml in wash water from Osazee abattoir. A total of 149 bacterial isolates, belonging to 6 different species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Enterobacter ludwigii EN-119, Providencia stuartii PRV00010, Klebsiella quasipneumoniae strain KqPF26, Enterococcus saccharolyticus ATCC 43076 and Provincia rettgeri strain AR_0082) were obtained with the majority (>90%) being multidrug resistant. Seven (4.7%) of the isolates were phenotypically resistant to colistin, while only 3 harbored the mcr-1 gene. This result shows that plasmid-borne colistinresistant and multidrug resistant bacteria are prevalent in abattoir environment located in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. This is an indication that abattoir facilities could be a source of human exposure to colistin resistant bacteria, and efforts must be made at reducing the high dependence of antibiotics in farm animals.
Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf of Glinus lotoides (Mollugineceae) Using GC-MS
Authors: Odewo S A , Ajani B A , Osiyemi O A , Adeniji K A , Ugbogu O A 
Published: August 2023

Glinus lotoides Linn. is a plant used in Nigerian traditional medicine for treating many diseases notably abdominal disorders. Decoction of leaf of the plant is mostly used in this case. This study was carried out in order to determine the bioactive compounds present in the leaf acetone–hexane extract of G. lotoides by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) machine. G. lotoides leaves was extracted in acetone-hexane by cold maceration and concentrated in vacuo. The GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of the following phyto-compounds: 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E) (Z; 242.3975, RT: 16.663; 49.11%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (Z; 256.42, RT: 15.030, 25.58%), Octadecanoic acid (Z; 284.47, RT: 16.785; 6.80%), Stigmasterol (Z; 412.69, RT: 20.929; 5.25%) and Ergost-5-en-3-ol, (3.beta) (Z; 400.68, RT: 19.962; 2.72%) among others. These compounds were identified from leaves of G. lotoides for the first time, and unarguably play very vital roles in the health care system especially in abdominal disorders treatment and other diseases. The study showed that the presence of these compounds in the leaves of G. lotoides might be responsible for its biological activities in traditional medicine. It is therefore a promising important plant of medical and pharmaceutical significance from which drug can be discovered.
Evaluation of Co-Processed Excipients for Fast Disintegration of Aspirin Tablets Prepared by Direct Compression
Authors: Babalola O.C. , Okunye O.L. , Okunlola A. , Ayannuga M.O. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Co-processed excipients are popular for direct tablet compression and give added economic value to product formulation. Specific benefits of co-processed excipients include improved flow, compressibility, disintegrating effect, and masking undesirable properties of individual excipients.
Objective: The aim of this study is to co-process physically modified (pregelatinized) Musa sapientum starch with lactose by fusion and evaluate the effect of the co-processed excipients on the disintegration properties of Aspirin tablet.
Methods: Co-processed excipients were prepared from pregelatinized Musa sapientium starch and lactose by fusion in ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 (BL1, BL2, and BL3 respectively) and evaluated for particle size, pH, moisture content, flow and swelling properties. Aspirin tablets were formulated using the excipients at ratio 5% W/W by direct compression. (FM1, FM2, FM3 respectively). Sodium starch glycolate (FSG) tablet was also prepared as the standard and the formulations were assessed for hardness, friability and disintegration time. Data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Results: The co-processed excipients possessed excellent flow having a Carr’s index between 18.39-20.78 and Hausner’s ratio ≤ 1.25.BL1 had the highest swelling profile while BL3 had the lowest. Formulation FM1 and FM2 had the highest tensile strength of (0.16 N/cm2). Disintegration time of FM3 (4.28 min) was comparable to that of FSG (4.15 min).
Conclusion: Co-processing pregelatinized Musa sapientium starch and lactose by fusion influenced tablet disintegration and has potential to be used in manufacture of fast dissolving tablet formulations.
Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Furosemide in Dosage Forms Following its Hydrolysis and Diazo Coupling with Chromotropic Acid
Authors: Thomas O.E. , Adegoke O.A. , Taiwo-Ojediran B. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Several previously reported visible spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of furosemide in dosage forms are fraught with poor specificity due to background absorptivities of other chemical species in the sample matrices.
Objective: To develop a simple, sensitive and specific visible spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of furosemide in bulk and dosage forms.
Method: The new spectrophotometric method was based on acid-hydrolysis of furosemide followed by its diazotization and coupling with chromotropic acid to generate a red adduct. Reactions variables critical to optimal response were established. Various analytical and validation parameters including repeatability, reproducibility and selectivity were also determined.
Results: The calibration graph was linear between 8.09 µg/mL to 161.8 µg/mL at 503 nm with a correlation coefficient of 0.992. The Sandell’s sensitivity of the new method was 0.14 µg.cm-2 /0.001 A.U. while the limits of detection and quantification were 0.75 and 2.28 μg/mL respectively. The method was accurate and precise with recovery in the range of 102.24–109.92% and intra- and inter-day precision (%RSD) at three different concentrations less than 2.0%. When applied to the analysis of dosage form, there was no statistical difference between the newly developed and official methods. There was no interference from commonly used excipients or background absorptivities in the sample matrices.
Conclusion: In comparison with some previously reported colorimetric methods, the new method reliably quantified furosemide over a wider range of concentration and with a superior level of sensitivity. The new method can serve as a reliable alternative to the official method for analysis of furosemide.
Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Dismenorea Pada Remaja
Authors: Aisyaroh Noveri , Hudaya Isna , Safitri Shinta 
Published: August 2023

Latar Belakang: Dismenore adalah nyeri yang timbul saat mensturasi berlangsung yang bisa di sebabkan oleh beberapa faktor di antaranya usia menarche, lama mensturasi, riwayat keluarga, faktor stress, makanan cepat saji dan kebiasaan olahraga yang bisa berdampak pada remaja yaitu bisa menganggu aktivitasnya. Kejadian nyeri haid pada remaja di di laporkan sebanyak 92%. Sementara Indonesia angkanya di perkirakan 55% wanita produktif. Dampak dari dismenorea juga menyebabkan para remaja putri tidak bisa mengikuti pembelajaran di kelas 13-51% . Tujuan: untuk menganalisis faktor yang berkaitan terhadap dismneore. Metode: Artikel ini yaitu menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur yang terdapat di dalam data based yaitu pubmed dan juga gogle scholar. Artikel yang di gunakan yaitu sesuai dengan kriteria yaitu artikel yang di terbitkan dari tahun 2011-2021. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil review yang telah di jelaskan melalui artikel di atas menunjukkan bahwa terdapat faktor yang bisa mengakibatkan dismenore antara lain faktor internal meliputi umur menarche, keturunan keluarga, lama mensturasi, kebiasaan olahraga dan faktor eksternal meliputi stress, status gizi, dan fast food. Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan artikel yang telah direview didapatkan hasil bahwa kejadian dismenorhe pada remaja dipengaruhi oleh 1). Faktor internal, meliputi: usia menarche, riwayat keluarga, lama mensturasi, kebiasaan olahraga dan 2). Faktor eksternal, meliputi: stress, status gizi, dan fast food. Cara alami yang bisa di lakukan remaja untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri saat mensturasi yaitu sesering mungkin melakukan kegiatan olahraga seperti jalan kaki dan menghindari stress.
Pengembangan Sistem Booking Online Pada Cokro Barbershop Berbasis Website
Authors: Kusumawati Tri Ika Jaya 
Published: August 2023

Perawatan rambut menjadi salah satu faktor utama penampilan yang kerap diperhatikan oleh kaum pria. Hal ini semakin diperkuat dengan meningkatnya bisnis salon khusus pria atau yang biasa dikenal dengan istilah barbershop. Permasalahannya adalah ketika banyaknya pelanggan yang datang, terjadi antrian yang tidak bisa dihindari. Hal ini disebabkan karena pelanggan tidak mengetahui waktu pelayanan, proses inilah yang menyebabkan terjadinya antrian. Penelitian ini, menggunakan metode UML (Unified Modelling Language) yang digunakan sebagai sarana perancangan sistem berorientasi objek. Dan menggunakan metode waterfall karena salah satu metode pengembangan sistem informasi yang bersifat sistematis dan sekuensial, dengan tahapan Analisis, Desain, Coding, Testing, Maintenance. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan pada Cokro Barbershop menghasilkan sebuah rancangan aplikasi berbasis website yang di dalamnya terdapat fitur booking yang dapat digunakan oleh konsumen untuk mendapatkan antrean (booking) dan mendapatkan layanan yang tersedia di barbershop. Dengan adanya aplikasi booking di Cokro Barbershop mempermudah proses pelayanan terhadap konsumen serta dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk pemilik barbershop dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat diambil beberapa kesimpulan bahwa aplikasi booking dan transaksi pada Cokro Barbershop memudahkan pelanggan dalam melakukan booking potong rambut secara online.
Social Skills and Students’ Behavior: A Study of Secondary School Students’ Practices
Authors: Rehman Muhammad Hifzur- , Shah Zubair Ahmad , Malik Mushtaq Ahmad 
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted to investigate social skills development in students’ behavior at Secondary Level. All the 10th grade students studying in government schools of the Punjab province were the population of the study. Sampling was carried out through multi-stage sampling. Total 1723 students studying in 10th grade in all the selected schools responded regarding their social skills practices. A scale for measurement of students’ social skills (MOSS) consisting of 27 items regarding social skills was used. The validity of the research tool was ensured through expert opinion about the relevant construct. After validation the MOSS was pilot tested and confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to determine the construct and convergent validity of the scale (MOSS). To determine the reliability of the MOSS scale Cronbach's alpha was applied. The data collected through the scale (MOSS) were analyzed by applying frequency distribution, percentage, mean, independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA through SPSS. The results revealed that the majority of secondary school students had communication, decision making, cooperation, interpersonal relationship, empathy and critical thinking skills at moderate level and creative thinking skill at low level in their behavior.