bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excavation of an early church and a women's cemetery at St Ronan's medieval parish church, Iona
Authors: O'Sullivan Jerry , Carter Stephen , Dixon Dianne , Lorimer Daphne , Turnbull Gordon 
Published: April 2023

St Ronan's was the medieval parish church of lona. Excavation within the church recorded remains of an earlier building and graves of various dates, from the early medieval to the modern period. The sex of earlier remains could not be determined, but all of the later skeletal remains were of women or children, and records attest to the use of the site as a women's cemetery until the mid-18th century. The discussion considers the antiquity and origins of the women's cemetery and describes some possible Irish parallels.

The earliest graves were overlain by the wall remnants of a small, unicameral, stone building — probably a
church — with clay-bonded and whitewashed walls. The remains of the building were incorporated into the foundations of the medieval parish church. Parallels for the fabric and treatment of the masonry are known from some other pre-Romanesque Scottish churches.

Finds from the excavation included a cross-inscribed slab, bronze and bone pins, coffin fittings and nails, fragments of decorated bronze objects and three medieval coins.

The excavation was funded by the lona Cathedral Trust and Historic Scotland.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Vice-President delivered the President’s Address in the President’s absence. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1993-1994 was presented.

Instructions for Contributors are appended.
Archaeological survey of the Bhaltos (Valtos) peninsula, Lewis
Authors: Armit Ian , Dockrill Steve , Neighbour Tim , Pocock Jim , Simpson Ian , Wilson Martin 
Published: April 2023

This report describes the results of an archaeological field survey of the Bhaltos peninsula in Lewis. The results
are assessed in the light of both older research and the continuing programmes of excavation and palaeoenvironmental analysis in the area. The examples and distributions of various site-types provide a comparison with more general models recently proposed for settlement in the Western Isles and appear to suggest a series of settlement discontinuities in the Iron Age, Norse and medieval periods.
An unusual lithic assemblage from Lunanhead, Angus
Authors: Wickham-Jones Caroline R , Mackenzie James R 
Published: April 2023

In July 1993 the Scottish Urban Archaeological Trust Ltd (SUAT) carried out an extensive field evaluation funded by Historic Scotland in advance of a housing development near Lunanhead, Angus. From the base of a natural depression 28 flint artefacts were recovered. One further piece was retrieved from the topsoil. Although small, this assemblage represents an important find combining evidence of a rare commodity in Scotland: good-quality flint nodules, with technological evidence of a broad blade industry, of which Scotland has few examples to date.
A Neolithic ring-mound at Midtown of Pitglassie, Auchterless, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Shepherd Alexandra , Henshall Audrey S , Powell Faye , Rapson Sheila , Wickham-Jones Caroline 
Published: April 2023

In Autumn 1978, excavation took place on a small round mound at Midtown of Pitglassie where digging in the 1950s had produced Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery and lithics. The excavation was organized by the Ancient Monuments Inspectorate of the Department of the Environment, now Historic Scotland, with whose assistance this report is published. The excavation revealed an original annular mound, composed of circular banks of stone, earth and turf. The central area was filled with stone rubble, mostly disturbed and redeposited in the 1950s, but with one remnant of a possible central cairn. Pre-mound activity included turf-stripping and cremation, followed by the formal deposition in a number of pits of cremated bone (from, probably, one
individual), accompanied by pottery and lithics, including a Neolithic leaf-shaped arrowhead. In addition to these specific deposits, pottery of Grimston Lyles Hill tradition, numerous quartz and further flint pieces were found within the mound and fragments of Beaker were recovered from the disturbed central area. Remnants of a possible circle of stone settings were found around the perimeter of the monument. Radiocarbon dates for charcoal from a cremation pit and the pre-mound surface provided dates of between 3964 and 3342 cal BC.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Editor also reported on the production of the Proceedings. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1996-1997 was presented.At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Editor also reported on the production of the Proceedings. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1996-1997 was presented.
Notes for Contributors are appended.
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - - 
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Dorothy Marshall Medal and the R B K Stevenson award were then presented. The Council for the following session was elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1997-1998 was presented.At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Dorothy Marshall Medal and the R B K Stevenson award were then presented. The Council for the following session was elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1997-1998 was presented.
Notes for Contributors are appended.
Excavations at Geirisclett chambered cairn, North Uist, Western Isles
Authors: Dunwell Andrew , Johnson Melanie , Armit Ian , Carter S , Cerón-Carrasco R , Church M , Cressey M , Finlayson B , McKinley J , Thoms J 
Published: April 2023

This report describes the results of excavations undertaken within the burial chamber and entrance area of the chambered cairn at Geirisclett, North Uist, Western Isles in 1996–7. The chamber of this cairn had been investigated by Erskine Beveridge in the early years of the 20th century, and the work described here was conducted because of the threat of tidal scouring of any remains which had survived previous attention. The excavation revealed evidence of disturbed Neolithic and Beaker funerary deposits within the two compartments of the chamber, which on architectural grounds falls into Henshall’s Clyde group. The burial chamber appears to have been used over the same time period both by humans as a burial place and by otters as a holt. The application of palaeoenvironmental studies has allowed the formation processes of the deposits and artefacts in the chamber to be understood, permitting the character of the burial rites to be better appreciated. The past and present landscape setting of the chambered cairn is considered briefly. The excavations, post-excavation
studies and publication of this report were funded by grants made by Historic Scotland.
Excavation at Manish Strand, Ensay, Western Isles
Authors: Simpson D D A , Gregory Richard A , Murphy Eileen M , Cram L , Gibson A , Hamilton-Dyer S , Nelis E 
Published: April 2023

Survey and excavation at Manish Strand, Ensay, Western Isles in 1965, identified two midden deposits which date to the later Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Two ‘pit’ burials containing Late Bronze Age human inhumations were also discovered during the course of the excavation.
The Bishop's Castle, Glasgow, 1598-1744
Authors: Murray Athol L 
Published: April 2023

A previous paper in these Proceedings (Murray 1995) described the castle in its final form in the 1690s and its gradual destruction over the following century. Since then a study of the Bishop of Moray’s castle of Spynie has pointed to similarities between it and Glasgow. Examination of other sources has documented two periods of building activity which have escaped previous notice. The first involves repairs and alterations carried out by the Duke and Duchess of Lennox after 1598; the second work undertaken by Archbishop Ross between 1680 and 1686. In addition further light is thrown on Robert Thomson’s role in the destruction of the castle from 1715 onwards.
Tradition and change in the age of Improvement
Authors: Maudlin Daniel 
Published: April 2023

This paper is an historical and architectural case-study of the remaining Argyll tacksmen’s houses in Morvern, built during the first phase of agricultural Improvement between 1754 and 1819. It is argued that this group of buildings represents the last phase of clan warfare in the region, built by tacksmen acting as colonizing agents of Campbell control and polity over relatively recently acquired MacLean territory.
John Law's Theory of Money and its roots in Scottish culture
Authors: Pittock Murray G H 
Published: April 2023

This paper seeks to place the well-known lineaments of Law’s System in France within the context not only of his earlier writings on the Scottish economy but also in the dimension of his lived experience as a 17th-century Scot, the son of a goldsmith-banker, and a man acutely conscious both of the history of his country’s unstable monetary policy, and also of the final crisis into which it was lurching in his own day.
The later prehistory of 'black holes': regionality and the south-west Scottish Iron Age
Authors: Cavers Graeme 
Published: April 2023

The Iron Age archaeology of south-west Scotland has always been anonymous in national synthesesof the period in comparison to better studied areas. This lack of attention does not reflect the qualityof the archaeological record however, which testifies to a rich and diverse later prehistoric society.This paper is a discussion of the range and nature of the evidence for Iron Age society in Dumfries andGalloway west of the Nith, considering affinities with other areas, particularly the Atlantic regions tothe north, and exploring the reasons for the form and distribution of Iron Age monuments in the area.It is argued that a reanalysis of our definition and interpretation of fundamental characteristics oflater prehistoric society, such as domestic monumentality, may be rewarding in heterogeneous andunsorted areas such as Galloway.
*This paper was awarded the RBK Stevenson Award
Brotchie's Steading, Dunnet, Caithness: a 19th-century croft house and earlier settlement mound
Authors: Holden Timothy , Franklin Julie , Hastie Mhairi , Henderson David , Walker Bruce 
Published: April 2023

Brotchie’s steading is a ruined croft house that is of particular interest because several large fragmentsof worked whale mandible were recently recovered from one of the rooms. These were identified ashaving supported the roof of the building as a pair of cruck blades (a Highland couple).
The excavation programme was initially designed to further examine the role of whale bonesas a construction material within the context of the Caithness croft house. Excavations in 2001revealed a further element of in situ whale bone that enabled an informed reconstruction of theoriginal structure. The investigations on site also identified at least 1.5m of stratigraphy exposedin the bank to the west of the site, indicating at least four phases of building beneath the ruinedcroft house.
Subsequent trial trenching determined that the bank upon which Brotchie’s steading now sitsis largely man-made and part of an extensive settlement mound. The base of the sequence, in thesouthern part of the site, revealed what appears to have been an occupation surface, and materialfrom this provided a date in the range 390–170 BC. At the north end of the site a thick layer of stonerubble associated with a clay- and stone-lined pit and two red deer antler picks was identified.Radiocarbon determination of samples of antler and cow bone indicate further occupation of thesite in the first–third centuries ad. The overlying strata supported by a sequence of radiocarbondates and finds indicate that the site was also a focus of human activity in the fifth, 13th and 15thcenturies AD up until the early 20th century. While the full extent of the site is currently unknown,the possibility presents itself that the adjacent knoll, upon which Dunnet Kirk now sits, forms a partof a major archaeological site that has seen almost continuous, or at least regular, occupation forover two millennia.
Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Analysis of Statin-Related Topics and Sentiments on Social Media
Authors: Somani Sulaiman , van Buchem Marieke Meija , Sarraju Ashish , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Rodriguez Fatima 
Published: April 2023

ImportanceDespite compelling evidence that statins are safe, are generally well tolerated, and reduce cardiovascular events, statins are underused even in patients with the highest risk. Social media may provide contemporary insights into public perceptions about statins.ObjectiveTo characterize and classify public perceptions about statins that were gleaned from more than a decade of statin-related discussions on Reddit, a widely used social media platform.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study analyzed all statin-related discussions on the social media platform that were dated between January 1, 2009, and July 12, 2022. Statin- and cholesterol-focused communities, were identified to create a list of statin-related discussions. An artificial intelligence (AI) pipeline was developed to cluster these discussions into specific topics and overarching thematic groups. The pipeline consisted of a semisupervised natural language processing model (BERT [Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers]), a dimensionality reduction technique, and a clustering algorithm. The sentiment for each discussion was labeled as positive, neutral, or negative using a pretrained BERT model.ExposuresStatin-related posts and comments containing the terms statin and cholesterol.Main Outcomes and MeasuresStatin-related topics and thematic groups.ResultsA total of 10 233 unique statin-related discussions (961 posts and 9272 comments) from 5188 unique authors were identified. The number of statin-related discussions increased by a mean (SD) of 32.9% (41.1%) per year. A total of 100 discussion topics were identified and were classified into 6 overarching thematic groups: (1) ketogenic diets, diabetes, supplements, and statins; (2) statin adverse effects; (3) statin hesitancy; (4) clinical trial appraisals; (5) pharmaceutical industry bias and statins; and (6) red yeast rice and statins. The sentiment analysis revealed that most discussions had a neutral (66.6%) or negative (30.8%) sentiment.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study demonstrated the potential of an AI approach to analyze large, contemporary, publicly available social media data and generate insights into public perceptions about statins. This information may help guide strategies for addressing barriers to statin use and adherence.
Chiral Plasmonic Response of 2D Ti3C2Tx Flakes: Realization and Applications
Authors: Olshtrem A. , Panov I. , Chertopalov S. , Zaruba K. , Vokata B. , Sajdl P. , Lancok J. , Storch J. , Církva V. , Svorcik V. , Kartau M. , Karimullah A. S. , Vana J. , Lyutakov O. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe circularly polarized light sensitive materials response can be reached at plasmon wavelengths through the coupling of intrinsically non‐chiral plasmonic nanostructure with chiral organic molecules. As a plasmonic background, the different types of metal nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes are successfully tested and an apparent circular dichroism (CD) signal is measured in both, nanoparticles suspensions and after nanoparticle immobilization in substrate. In this work, the creation of plasmon‐active 2D flakes of MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) is proposed, with the apparent CD response at plasmon wavelength, through the coupling of intrinsically non‐chiral flakes with helically shaped helicene enantiomers. This work provides the first demonstration of chiral and plasmon‐active 2D material, which shows the absorption sensitive to light intrinsic circular polarization even in plasmon wavelengths range. The appearance of the induced CD signal is additionally confirmed by several theoretical calculations. After the experimental and theoretical confirmation of the optical chirality at plasmon wavelengths, the flakes are utilized for the polarization sensitive conversion of light to heat, as well as for polarization dependent triggering of plasmon‐assisted chemical transformation.
In Situ Thermolysis of a Ni Salt on Amorphous Carbon and Graphene Oxide Substrates
Authors: Tamadoni Saray Mahmound , Yurkiv Vitaliy , Shahbazian‐Yassar Reza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the thermal decomposition of metal salt precursors on carbon structures is essential for the controlled synthesis of metal‐decorated carbon nanomaterials. Here, the thermolysis of a Ni precursor salt, NiCl2·6H2O, on amorphous carbon (a‐C) and graphene oxide (GO) substrates is explored using in situ transmission electron microscopy. Thermal decomposition of NiCl2·6H2O on GO occurs at higher temperatures and slower kinetics than on a‐C substrate. This is correlated to a higher activation barrier for Cl2 removal calculated by the density functional theory, strong Ni‐GO interaction, high‐density oxygen functional groups, defects, and weak van der Waals using GO substrate. The thermolysis of NiCl2·6H2O proceeds via multistep decomposition stages into the formation of Ni nanoparticles with significant differences in their size and distribution depending on the substrate. Using GO substrates leads to nanoparticles with 500% smaller average sizes and higher thermal stability than a‐C substrate. Ni nanoparticles showcase the fcc crystal structure, and no size effect on the stability of the crystal structure is observed. These findings demonstrate the significant role of carbon substrate on nanoparticle formation and growth during the thermolysis of carbon–metal heterostructures. This opens new venues to engineer stable, supported catalysts and new carbon‐based sensors and filtering devices.
Self‐Tandem Bio‐Heterojunctions Empower Orthopedic Implants with Amplified Chemo‐Photodynamic Anti‐Pathogenic Therapy and Boosted Diabetic Osseointegration
Authors: Shu Rui , Sun Jiamin , Li Bin , Gao Xiangyu , He Miaomiao , Chan Yau Kei , Shi Jiacheng , Bai Ding , Yang Weizhong , Deng Yi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHyperglycemic microenvironment in diabetes mellitus inevitably stalls the normal orchestrated course of bone regeneration and encourages pathogenic multiplication. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemo‐dynamic therapy (CDT) are extensively harnessed to combat pathogens, yet deep‐seated diabetic bone defect has difficulty in supplying sufficient oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stocks, resulting in inferior therapeutic efficiency. To address the tough plaguing, the self‐tandem bio‐heterojunctions (bio‐HJs) consisting of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), graphene oxide (GO), and glucose oxidase (GOx) are constructed on orthopedic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) implants (SP‐Mo/G@GOx) for amplified chemo‐photodynamic anti‐pathogenic therapy and boosted osseointegration in the deep‐seated diabetic micromilieu. In this system, GOx exhausts glucose to generate H2O2, which provides an abundant stock for CDT. Besides, the bio‐HJs produce hyperthermia upon near‐infrared light (NIR) to accelerate the dynamic process, which amplifies the antibacterial potency of PDT by promoting the vast yield of singlet oxygen (1O2) in a self‐tandem manner. More importantly, in vivo and in vitro assays demonstrate that the engineered implants exert a captivated bactericidal ability and significantly boost osseointegration in an infectious diabetic bone defect model. As envisaged, this study furnishes a novel tactic to arm orthopedic implants with self‐tandem capability for the remedy of infectious diabetic bone defects.
Multistage‐Responsive Dual‐Enzyme Nanocascades for Synergistic Radiosensitization‐Starvation Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Ming , Zhu Anni , Zheng Xueyun , Qian Xiaomin , Zhang Shujun , Wu Chenyu , Yu Congwei , Zhang Jiaheng , Li Jingchao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRadiotherapy is a common cancer treatment approach in clinical practice, yet its efficacy has been restricted by tumor hypoxia. Nanomaterials‐mediated systemic delivery of glucose oxidase (GOx) and catalase (CAT) or CAT‐like nanoenzymes holds the potential to enhance tumor oxygenation. However, they face the challenge of intermediate (hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) escape during systemic circulation if the enzyme pair is not closely placed to largely decompose H2O2, leading to oxidative stress on normal tissues. In the present study, a oxygen‐generating nanocascade, n(GOx‐CAT)C7A, constructed by strategically placing an enzymatic cascade (GOx and CAT) within a polymeric coating rich in hexamethyleneimine (C7A) moieties, is reported. During blood circulation, C7A remains predominantly non‐protonated , achieving prolonged blood circulation due to its low‐fouling surface. Once n(GOx‐CAT)C7Areaches the tumor site, the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) induces protonation of C7A moieties, resulting in a positively charged surface for enhanced tumor transcytosis. Moreover, GOx and CAT are covalently conjugated into close spatial proximity (<10 nm) for effective H2O2 elimination. As demonstrated by the in vivo results, n(GOx‐CAT)C7Aachieves effective tumor retention and oxygenation, potent radiosensitization and antitumor effects. Such a dual‐enzyme nanocascade for smart O2 delivery holds great potential for enhancing the hypoxia‐compromised cancer therapies.
Curved Nanographenes: Multiple Emission, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, and Non‐Radiative Decay
Authors: Ramírez‐Barroso Sergio , Romeo‐Gella Fernando , Fernández‐García Jesús M. , Feng Siyang , Martínez‐Fernández Lara , García‐Fresnadillo David , Corral Inés , Martín Nazario , Wannemacher Reinhold 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe intriguing and rich photophysical properties of three curved nanographenes (CNG 6, 7, and 8) are investigated by time‐resolved and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. CNG 7 and 8 exhibit dual fluorescence, as well as dual phosphorescence at low temperature in the main PL bands. In addition, hot bands are detected in fluorescence as well as phosphorescence, and, in the narrow temperature range of 100–140 K, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with lifetimes on the millisecond time‐scale is observed. These findings are rationalized by quantum‐chemical simulations, which predict a single minimum of the S1 potential of CNG 6, but two S1 minima for CNG 7 and CNG 8, with considerable geometric reorganization between them, in agreement with the experimental findings. Additionally, a higher‐lying S2 minimum close to S1 is optimized for the three CNG, from where emission is also possible due to thermal activation and, hence, non‐Kasha behavior. The presence of higher‐lying dark triplet states close to the S1 minima provides mechanistic evidence for the TADF phenomena observed. Non‐radiative decay of the T1 state appears to be thermally activated with activation energies of roughly 100 meV and leads to disappearance of phosphorescence and TADF at T > 140 K.