bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and characterization of a subtelomeric satellite DNA in Callitrichini monkeys
Authors: Araújo Naiara Pereira de , Lima Leonardo Gomes de , Dias Guilherme Borges , Kuhn Gustavo Campos Silva , Melo Alan Lane de , Yonenaga-Yassuda Yatiyo , Stanyon Roscoe , Svartman Marta 
Published: January 2023

Repetitive DNAs are abundant fast evolving components of eukaryotic genomes, which often possess important structural and functional roles. Despite their ubiquity, repetitive DNAs are poorly studied when compared to the genic fraction of genomes. Here, we took advantage of the availability of the sequenced genome of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus to assess its satellite DNAs (satDNAs) and their distribution in Callitrichini. Firstly, we performed similarity-based clustering, repeat identification, and classification using RepeatExplorer with whole-genome shotgun Illumina reads from a male C. jacchus. After clustering analysis, we identified a satDNA composed by 171 bp motifs, named MarmoSAT, which composes 1.09 % of the C. jacchus genome. Multiple sequence alignments were performed using Muscle 4.0. The MEGA software version 5.05 was used for the calculation of genetic distances and construction of Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees. Chromosome preparations were obtained from fibroblast cultures of one male of each C. penicillata, C. geoffroyi, Callimico goeldii and Mico argentatus. We performed CBG-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using alpha and MarmoSAT satDNAs and telomeric sequences as probes. Finally, we investigated the transcription of MarmoSAT in several tissues of C. jacchus using the RNA-seq data generated by the Non-Human Primate Reference Transcriptome Resource. FISH on chromosomes of species from Callithrichini showed that MarmoSAT had a subtelomeric location. In addition to the common monomeric form we found that MarmoSAT was also organized in higher-order repeats of 338 bp in C. goeldii. Our phylogenetic analyses showed that MarmoSAT repeats from C. jacchus lack chromosome-specific features, suggesting exchange events among subterminal regions of non-homologous chromosomes. MarmoSAT is transcribed in several tissues of C. jacchus, with the highest transcription levels in spleen, thymus and heart. The transcription profile and subtelomeric location suggest that MarmoSAT may be involved in the regulation of telomerase and modulation of telomeric chromatin. Agências financiadoras: CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG
Mapeamento cromossômico do elemento transponível A REX 1 no gênero Peckoltia (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)
Authors: Pety Ananda Marques , Nagamachi Cleusa Yoshiko , Pieczarka Julio Cesar , Noronha Renata Coelho Rodrigues 
Published: January 2023

O gênero Peckoltia (Hypostominae) possui 20 espécies descritas, com dados citogenéticos disponíveis para apenas três. Estudos de elementos transponíveis (TE) vêm auxiliando na compreensão da evolução genômica de alguns grupos de peixes. Análises comparativas do mapeamentoto físico por hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) do TE Rex 1 foram realizadas em quatro espécies do gênero Peckoltia: P. oligospila, P. multispinis, P. sabaji e P. vittata coletadas na região Amazônica. As quatro espécies apresentam cariótipos constituídos por 52 cromossomos com a formulas cariotípicas (FC) de 38m/sm+14st para P. oligospila e P. sabaji, de 28m/sm+24st para P. multispinis e 36m/sm+16st/a para P. vittata. A localização dos sítios de rDNA 5S é divergente entre as quatro espécies. A maioria dos sítios de rDNA têm uma localização terminal, com exceção de um sítio de rDNA 5S que está localizado na região proximal em P. vittata. Os resultados mostram uma distribuição dispersa de Rex 1 ao longo dos genomas, tanto em regiões heterocromáticas quanto eucromáticas. Sugerimos que, a distribuição de Rex 1 em regiões heterocromáticas pode estar relacionada a um processo de regulação desses elementos, visando evitar uma propagação excessiva no genoma, uma vez que a presença da heterocromatina pode regular a expressão e a dispersão destes sem alterar a sequência nucleotídica. No entanto, a posição deste TE em regiões eucromáticas parece ter uma importância na evolução genômica das espécies de Peckoltia. Estes elementos, por se inserirem em regiões eucromáticas, podem gerar mutações, afetar níveis de expressão genética e padrões de recombinação de DNA, além de interferir na organização da arquitetura genômica. A ocorrência de sítios de rDNA 5S sintênicos aos sítios de Rex 1 nas espécies analisadas, já foram evidenciadas em outras espécies. Assim, loci ribossômicos são nichos importantes para a manutenção de elementos móveis que, por sua vez, podem atuar como mecanismos de transposição do rDNA no genoma. Essas informações podem explicar as diferenças estruturais nos cariótipos das espécies P. oligospila, P. multispinis, P. sabaji e P. vittata refletidas pelas FCs.
Variação cromossômica intraespecífica em Alophia drummondii (Graham) R. Foster (Iridaceae)
Authors: Mendes Sandra , Alves Lânia , Félix Leonardo , Guerra Marcelo 
Published: January 2023

O gênero Alophia (Iridaceae) apresenta três espécies no Brasil, sendo Alophia drummondii (Graham) R. Foster a mais amplamente distribuída com vários níveis de ploidia e cariótipo bimodal. Com o objetivo de investigar a variação cromossômica intraespecífica dessa espécie, foram analisados 21 indivíduos utilizando bandeamento CMA/DAPI e FISH com sondas de DNAr 5S e 35S. A fórmula cariotípica observada nesses indivíduos revelou mudanças na morfologia dos cromossomos nos diferentes níveis de ploidia: 2x (2n = 14, 2Mg + 12Mp), 4x (2n = 28, 2Mg + 2SMg + 24Mp), 6x (2n = 42, 4Mg + 2SMg + 36Mp), 8x (2n = 56, 4Mg + 4SMg + 48Mp/ 6Mg + 2SMg + 48Mp). Além disso, foram observadas variações no número e posição das bandas CMA+. Nos indivíduos 2x foram observadas seis bandas, sendo duas no par grande na região intersticial e quatro bandas pericentroméricas em dois pares de cromossomos pequenos. Nos tetraplóides as bandas CMA+ foram localizadas na região pericentromérica do par grande e em dois pares pequenos. O citótipo 6x também apresentou seis bandas CMA+, sendo quatro bandas em dois pares grandes nas regiões intersticial e proximal e uma banda fraca em um par de cromossomos pequenos. No citótipo 8x o número de bandas CMA+ variou de quatro a seis. Além disso, foi observada a presença de bandas DAPI+ centroméricas na maioria dos cromossomos. A maior variação foi observada nos sítios de DNAr 5S e 35S. Os citótipos 4x apresentaram 10 a 18 sítios de DNAr 5S e dois a oito sítios de DNAr 35S, sendo três pares com sítios de DNAr 5S e 35S adjacentes. Entre os indivíduos 6x, houve uma variação de 4 a 12 sítios de 5S e de 8 a 12 sítios de 35S. Desses, um a dois pares eram adjacentes. Entre os indivíduos 8x, foi observada uma variação de 18 a 22 sítios de DNAr 5S e 14 a 24 sítios de DNAr 35S, apresentando de dois a dez sítios adjacentes. Esses resultados revelam que além da variação em nível de ploidia os cariótipos dessa espécie sofreram também diversificação estrutural, com possível implicação para o isolamento genético entre alguns desses citótipos.
Análise cariotípica em Tonatia saurophila (Phyllostomidae: Chiroptera) por meio de citogenética clássica e molecular (FISH)
Authors: Espírito Santo Adielson Nunes do , Oliveira Edivaldo Herculano de , Silva Roney Silva da , Cioffi Marcelo de Bello , Gomes Anderson José Baía 
Published: January 2023

Os morcegos da família Phyllostomidae diversificaram-se 11 subfamílias distintas e com elevada variação cariotípica. A espécie Tonatia saurophilla pertence à subfamília Phyllostominae, que possui variação cariotípica entre espécies de 2n=16, NF=20 à 2n=34, FN=62. As técnicas citogenéticas, como mapeamento de sequências de DNA de múltiplas cópias, e bandeamentos cromossômicos, são ferramentas valiosas e ajudam na compreensão de mecanismos evolutivos, estrutura genômica e diferenciação de cariótipos. Neste sentido, foi analisado o cariótipo de Tonatia saurophila, por meio de coloração convencional, bandeamento G, coloração AgNor, e a distribuição cromossômica de 4 microsatélites: GAA, GAG,TA e CAC, por meio da Hibridação In Situ Fluorescente (FISH). A espécie foi coletada na cidade de Abaetetuba, (PA, Brasil), e as preparações citológicas foram obtidas por meio da cultura de fibroblastos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que, Tonatia saurophila apresenta um número diploide 2n = 16, e NF = 20, no complemento autossômico, o par 1 é um metacêntrico grande; os pares 2, 3, 4 e 7 são acrocêntricos; os pares 5 e 6 submetacêntricos; e o cromossomo X é um metacêntrico médio. A NOR foi identificada na porção distal do braço curto de apenas um par de cromossomo. As análises de sequências repetitivas de microssatélites, apresentaram marcações dispersas no genoma e sua maioria coincidente com as regiões G-negativas. Porém, alguns sinais apresentaram-se mais evidentes do que outros. As sequências GAA, TA e CAC mostraram-se mais discretas do que as sequências GAG. A sequência GAA evidenciou uma marcação pericentromérica no cromossomo X. Sequências de DNA repetitivo ocupam uma grande proporção do genoma de Tonatia saurophilla, e provavelmente essa classe de DNA teria tido um papel importante na reorganização genômica desta espécie, que apresenta um dos cariótipos mais rearranjados dentro de Phyllostomidae, considerando que sequências repetitivas são consideradas hotspots para ocorrência de rearranjos, impulsionando assim a diversidade cromossômica.
Nanoparticles in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Jawad Ahmad Fridoon 
Published: January 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is currently a global crisis and is becoming a major issue for human health. The pharmaceutical industries' efforts to create novel therapeutic choices are being slowed down by the active bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics. Consequently, the rise in infectious diseases caused by resistant bacteria is accompanied by two main issues. Firstly, there is a rise in antibiotic resistance. Secondly, there is a growing disparity between the discovery of new drugs and the rise in antimicrobial resistance. Different treatment strategies are now being in practice to treat bacterial infections, including targeting bacterial virulence factors, bacteriophage therapy, and alteration of the microbiome. Alternative therapeutic approaches are consequently receiving more consideration as traditional antibiotics grow less effective [1].
The use of nanoparticles is one of the most promising ways for combating microbial drug resistance. Nitric oxide-releasing nanoparticles (NO NPs), chitosan-containing nanoparticles (chitosan NPs), and metal-containing nanoparticles are a few examples of nanoparticle types that use various ways to simultaneously fight against microorganisms. Nanoparticles can be used to overcome existing drug resistance mechanisms such as decreased drug absorption and increased drug efflux from the microbial cell, biofilm formation, and intrinsic resistance. Finally, antimicrobial drugs can be directed via nanoparticles to the site of infection, enabling greater therapeutic doses to be administered there and overcoming resistance. Antibodies directed against a specific antigen on the surface of the target microorganism can be coupled with nanoparticles. For instance, S. aureus can be killed with great specificity using nanoparticles linked with protein A antibodies [2].
Nanoparticles' chemical structure enables longer binding, active targeting of antibiotics with surface functionalization at the target location, and defense against enzymes. As a result, reaching a larger antibiotic concentration in the cell eliminates the need for a higher dose, which reduces adverse effects. Antibiotic nanoparticle conjugates have been recognized by several scientists as a novel class of antibacterial drugs that can lessen the issue of multidrug resistance. Numerous nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties, such as silver, gold, zinc oxide, and titanium oxide, have been tested against microbial pathogens that are multidrug-resistant in conjunction with commercially available antibiotics or peptides [3].
Widespread of infectious diseases caused by multiple resistant bacteria is increased day by day and pose a major threat to public health. Therefore, novel antimicrobial strategies are needed to combat the antimicrobial resistance. To reduce adverse effects, nanoparticles may be a preferable option for treating bacterial infections at very low concentrations.
Infecciones del tracto genitourinario asociadas a Escherichia coli: epidemiologia en Latinoamérica.
Authors: Córdova Zea Susana Pilar , Marcillo Indacochea Xiomira Elizabeth , Lucas Parrales Elsa Noralma 
Published: January 2023

Las infecciones de tracto genitourinario se producen en la mayoría por Escherichia coli la más patógenas, alojándose en cualquier parte del aparato urinario causando infecciones de leves a graves. Tuvo este estudio como objetivo analizar las infecciones del tracto genitourinario asociadas a Escherichia coli y su resistencia antimicrobiana: Epidemiologia en Latinoamérica. Se realizó un estudio con diseño cualitativo de revisión sistemática en bases de datos PubMed, Redalyc, Lilacs y Google Scholar, se consideró artículos publicados en los últimos 6 años en inglés, español y portugués, se utilizó termino con los booleanos AND, OR y NOT y términos MeSH como: “Infecciones urinarias” AND Escherichia coli” “Factores de virulencia” AND “Escherichia coli”, “Infecciones urinarias” MeSH “factores de riesgo ”y “Resistencia antibacteriana”, los criterios de selección fueron: artículos originales, con metodología y en seres humanos, legibles 49 artículos. Resultados: La resistencia antimicrobianos con mayor porcentaje Ampicilina, Ciprofloxacino y Trimetropim/sulfametoxazol; factores de virulencia de mayor frecuencia las adhesinas con el gen fimH y sideróforos fyuA y chuA; los factores de riesgo fue el uso de sonda vesical e infecciones urinarias previas. Conclusión: La epidemiologia de las infecciones del tracto genitourinario fue Escherichia coli, los factores de virulencia bacteriana las adhesinas y los sideróforos, presentaron mayor resistencia a los betalactámicos y quinolonas.
Increasing The Students’ Ability In Speaking English By Using Work In Pair Strategy
Authors: Zega Riswan , Hulu Destina Adventri 
Published: January 2023

This research aimed to increase the students’ ability in speaking by using Work in Pair strategy at the grade VII class B of SMP Swasta St. Theresia Lahewa. In this research the researcher applied the Classroom Action Research with some stages namely planning, observation, action and reflection. It has been conducted in SMP Swasta St. Theresia Lahewa at the grade VII, class B, consisted 30 students. This research has been applied in two cycles because in the first cycle the students still did not pass Minimum Competence Criteria (MCC), 75. The instrument of data colection were observation sheets, fieldnote, and test by video recording. After analyzing the data, the result showed in Cycle I there were 6 students (20%) who got mark in renge 40-59. They were classified in low level. Then 21 students (70%) got mark in range 60-74. They were classified in adequate level. And then 3 (10%) students who got mark in range 75-84 classified in good level. The average of students’ mark was 55 while the highest mark was 76 and the lowest mark was 41. Then in Cycle II there were 21 students (80%) who got the mark in range 75-84, were classified as good level and 6 (20%) got mark in range 85-100, were classified in high level. The average of students’ mark was 80. Then, the highest mark was 90 and the lowest was 76. It can be concluded that Work in Pair strategy increased the students’ ability in speaking English.
Gaya Kepemimpinan Dalam Organisasi
Authors: Wirdah Elvi , Mirawati Mirawati 
Published: January 2023

Gaya kepemimpinan merupakan salah satu cara yang di lakukan oleh perusahaan untuk meningkatkan semangat karyawan dalam bekerja, organisasi atau perusahaan tidak mungkin mencapai tujuan dengan baik apabila karyawan tidak mendapatkan gaya kepemimpinan yang baik. Gaya kepemimpinan dapat terwujud dengan adanya kerja sama yang baik antara pemimpin dengan karyawan. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan harus membuat sebuah aturan yang dapat meningkatkan semangat karyawan, dengan adanya aturan yang ditetapkan dan gaya kepemimpinan yang baik maka karyawan akan mentaati peraturan yang di tetapkan dan tidak melakukan kegiatan di luar aktivitas pekerjaanya, sehingga dengan adanya gaya kepemimpinan dapat meningkatkan semangat karyawan sehingga pekerjaan berjalan dengan baik dan lancar.
Konformitas Teman Sebaya Dengan Perilaku Merokok Pada Remaja Laki-Laki
Authors: Parawansa Ghayatri , Nasution Fenty Zahara 
Published: January 2023

Masa remaja remaja adalah masa menuju kedewasaan, Remaja mulai memusatkan diri pada perilaku yang dihubungkan dengan status yang dewasa, perilaku yang sering terlihat di lingkungan masyarakat sekitar kita seperti merokok. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, dengan metode yang digunakan studi literature. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kajian teoritis dari beberapa pencarian jurnal online seperti Google Scholar dan Publish or Perish. Pencarian jurnal publikasi menggunakan kata kunci penelusuran yaitu konformitas teman sebaya, perilaku merokok. Jurnal artikel/literatur yang dipilih adalah jurnal yang memiliki topik “Konformitas teman sebaya dengan perilaku merokok pada remaja laki-laki”. Berdasarkan kajian tersebut ditemukan bahwa terdapat dua bentuk konformitas teman sebaya yakni bentuk konformitas penerimaan (acceptance) dan bentuk konformitas pemenuhan (compliance).kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini Remaja yang melakukan perilaku merokok rata-rata memiliki konsep diri yang rendah. Akibat dari konsep diri yang rendah pada remaja mudah dipengaruhi teman sebaya untuk mengikuti atau meniru pergaulan yang buruk salah satunya perilaku merokok.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Demonstration Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Zega Anuari , Zega Adrianus , Harefa Envilwan Berkat 
Published: January 2023

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Demonstration belum diterapkan secara optimal pada Kompetensi Dasar Memahami Jenis-Jenis Gambar Potongan dan Aturan Penggambarannya dan hasil belajar siswa tidak memenuhi standar KKM 70. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Demonstration Pada siswa kelas X semester genap di SMK Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli tahun pelajaran 2021/2022, dan (2) untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada kompetensi dasar Memahami Jenis-Jenis Gambar Potongan Aturan Penggambarannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi responden guru, lembar observasi keaktifan siswa, tes hasil belajar, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMK Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas X DPIB semester genap Tahun Pelajaran 2021/2022 yang berjumlah 14 orang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebagai berikut (1) Pada siklus I (pertama) rata-rata hasil pengamatan terhadap responden guru dalam proses pembelajaran pertemuan pertama 52,77%, dan pertemuan kedua 61,11% dengan rata-rata persentase 56,94%. Presentase pengamatan terhadap siswa yang aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pertemuan pertama 49,99% dan pertemuan kedua 59,37% dengan rata-rata 54,68%. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 69,57% dengan presentase ketuntasan 64,28% dan presentase ketidak tuntasan 35,72%. Pada siklus II presentase pengamatan terhadap responden guru dalam proses pembelajaran pertemuan pertama 72,22% dan pertemuan kedua 91,66% dengan rata-rata 81,94%. Presentase pengamatan terhadap siswa yang aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pertemuan pertama 87,94% dan pertemuan kedua 96,87% dengan rata-rata 92,40%. Rata-rata hasil belajar siswa 87,42% dengan presentase ketuntasan 100% dan presentase ketidak tuntasan 0%. Sehingga telah mencapai target ketuntasan 70. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka disimpulkan bahwa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Demonstration, dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada kompetensi dasar Memahami Jenis-Jenis Gambar Potongan dan Aturan Penggambarannya di SMK Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli.
Peranan Keluarga Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Anak Pasca Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Putri Suci Mulia , Rahmi Alfi 
Published: January 2023

Orang tua memiliki peran yang sangat penting dalam menentukan masa depan anak, termasuk dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anaknya. Sebab orang tua sebegai peletak dasar pendidikan bagi anak dalam keluarga. Kesulitan belajar yang dialami oleh anak tidak terlepas dari peranan orang tua dalam memberikan bimbingan di rumah, memberikan motivasi dan dukungan kepada anak, mengatur disiplin anak, memenuhi semua kebutuhan fasilitas belajar anak, dan sebagainya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan keluarga dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak pasca pembelajaran daring di Jorong Bulaan Kamba. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yaitu berusaha untuk menguraikan, membuat deskripsi dan gambaran secara akurat tentang bagaimana peranan keluarga dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak pasca pembelajaran daring. Informan kunci adalah orang tua dan informan pendukungnya adalah anak di Jorong Bulaan Kamba. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa orang tua di Jorong Bulaan Kamba telah memenuhi semua perannya dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak, yaitu : 1) Orang tua sebagai pendidik dalam keluarga berperan sebagai pemelihara, pendidik, pembina, dan pelatih, 2) Orang tua sebagai fasilitator yaitu sebagai penyedia sarana dan prasarana, 3) Orang tua sebagai motivator, yaitu orang tua memberikan dukungan, penghargaan, hukuman dan juga membantu mengatasi kesulitan belajar anak, 4) Orang tua sebagai director yaitu membantu dan membimbing anak dalam pelajaran. Dari uraian di atas dapat dikemukakan bahwa keluarga di Jorong Bulaan Kamba telah memenuhi perannya dalam meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak.
Implementasi Pembelajaran Akidah Akhlak Sebagai Upaya Mendidik Kedisiplinan Siswa
Authors: Sari Nila , Januar Januar , Anizar Anizar 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang implementasi pembelajaran akhidah akhlak sebagai upaya mendidik kedisiplinan siswa di MTsS ainul yaqin batagak kecamatan sungai pua kabupaten agam. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian Tindakan kelas ( PTK ). Tujuannya adalah untuk menjadikan siswa disiplin dalam segi pembelajaran terutama dalam mata pelajaran akhidah akhlak. Tidak hanya itu siswa juga dituntut untuk mentaatai atauran, Sehingga dengan begitu terciptalah siswa yang disiplin, berilmu, dan berakhlakul karimah. Teknik penggumpulan data observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, verifikasi / penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dan pembahasan penelitian menunjukkan : pertama, pengertian kedisiplinan, tujuan kedisiplinan, maca-macam kedisiplinan dan pembelajaran akidah akhlak. Kedua implementasi pembelajaran akhidah akhlak sebagai upaya mendidik kedisiplinan siswa dengan cara : (1). guru memberikan pengarahan kepada siswa tentang pentingnya menegakkan kedisiplinana. (2). guru memberikan teladan bagi siswa dalam berakhlak baik. (3). guru memberikan nasehat kepada siswa untuk berakhlak baik. (4), guru memberikan sansi bagi siswa yang melanggar kedisiplinan.