bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conjugation Length‐Dependent Raman Scattering Intensity of Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Yin Mingming , Zhao Liyuan , Liu Sujuan , Tian Sidan , Meng Fanling , Luo Liang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolydiacetylenes, as a class of conjugated polymers with alternating conjugated C═C and C≡C bonds, have emerged as a promising probe material for biomedical Raman imaging, given their ultrastrong Raman scattering intensity. However, the relationship between the structure, especially the molecular length of polydiacetylenes, and their Raman scattering intensity remains unclear. In this work, a series of water‐soluble polydiacetylenes, namely poly(deca‐4,6‐diynedioic acid) (PDDA) with different molecular weights (MWs), is prepared through controlled polymerization and degradation. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) absorption spectroscopic and Raman spectroscopic studies on these polymers reveal that the Raman scattering intensity of PDDA increases nonlinearly with the MW. The MW‐Raman scattering intensity relationship in the polymerization process is completely different from that in the degradation process. In contrast, the Raman scattering intensity increases more linearly with the maximal absorbance of the polymer, and the relationship between the Raman scattering intensity and the maximal absorbance of PDDA in the polymerization process is consistent with that in the degradation process. The Raman scattering intensity of PDDA hence exhibits a better dependence on the effective conjugation length of the polymer, which should guide the future design of conjugated polymers for Raman imaging applications.
Semiconducting Polymers for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Wen , Liang Mengyun , Qi Ji , Ding Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a monumental breakthrough in cancer treatment, immunotherapy has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. However, one challenge faced by immunotherapy is the low response rate and the immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Therefore, it is important to explore new therapeutic strategies and platforms for boosting therapeutic benefits and decreasing the side effects of immunotherapy. In recent years, semiconducting polymer (SP), a category of organic materials with π‐conjugated aromatic backbone, has been attracting considerable attention because of their outstanding characteristics such as excellent photophysical features, good biosafety, adjustable chemical flexibility, easy fabrication, and high stability. With these distinct advantages, SP is extensively explored for bioimaging and photo‐ or ultrasound‐activated tumor therapy. Here, the recent advancements in SP‐based nanomedicines are summarized for enhanced tumor immunotherapy. According to the photophysical properties of SPs, the cancer immunotherapies enabled by SPs with the photothermal, photodynamic, or sonodynamic functions are highlighted in detail, with a particular focus on the construction of combination immunotherapy and activatable nanoplatforms to maximize the benefits of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, new guidance and comprehensive insights are provided for the design of SPs with desired photophysical properties to realize maximized effectiveness of required biomedical applications.
Influence of alumina nanoparticles additives into biofuel (water hyacinth)‐diesel mixture on diesel engine performance and emissions
Authors: Fadil A. , Mashkour M. A. , Wahhab H. A. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe using diesel and biodiesel blends as a fuel has been a recent field of study especially with nanoparticles additives. The addition of alumina nanoparticles to biodiesel was verified to reduce emissions, while engine performance was not given great attention to evaluate the effect of blending alumina nanoparticles with the diesel and biodiesel mixture on the performance characteristics of the diesel engine. Then performance and emission tests were carried out by using different fuel samples in a single cylinder diesel engine. The brake thermal efficiency for the alumina nanoparticles (50 ppm, 100 ppm) and biodiesel blends were lower than that of biofuel (D80B20) blends, it was decreased by 2.5 %, 6.05 % respectively as compared to the blend (D80B20). The rate of carbon monoxide emissions for the two biodiesel and alumina blends were lower than that of the biodiesel blend (D80B20) and the best reduction was for the blend (D80B20N50) and was 76.3 % as compared with the biodiesel blend (D80B20). Also, the nitrogen oxides emissions for all the blends with nanoparticles were lower than that of the blend D80B20 due to shortened ignition delay and less fuel was added during the combustion which lead to reduction in nitrogen oxides emissions.
Effect of uncoated and coated diamond on the compressive properties of porous aluminium composites
Authors: Parveez B. , Jamal N. A. , Raeez M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPorous aluminium composites are structural and functional materials that have vast potential, due to their lightweight and high energy absorption capacity, especially in automotive and aerospace applications. In this study, the effect of varying content of uncoated and titanium coated diamond particles on the compressive properties of porous aluminium composite was investigated. The composites were developed using powder metallurgy technique and porosity was attained by using polymethylmethacrylate (30 wt.%) as space holder material. The morphology of the pores was found to replicate the shape and size of polymethylmethacrylate particles, that were uniformly distributed in the composites. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirmed formation of aluminium carbide in uncoated diamond‐based aluminium composites while negligible amount was present in titanium coated porous composites during sintering. The porosities of composites decreased with an increase in diamond content due to the incomplete decomposition of polymethylmethacrylate particles. Moreover, the maximum plateau stress and energy absorption capacity of 9.96 MPa and 1.7 Mj/m3 were obtained for the composites with 8 wt.% of titanium coated diamond particles. Thus, coating inhibits the formation of undesirable compounds and contributes to better interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement.
The dichotomy of regulatory B cells in cancer versus allergic disease
Authors: Dang Melissa , Yu Justin , Galant‐Swafford Jessica , Karam Sana D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRegulatory B cells (Bregs) are an immunosuppressive cell phenotype that affects the immune system by limiting the inflammatory cascade. Dysregulation of Bregs can interestingly play a dichotomous role in the pathophysiology of many diseases and is especially highlighted when examining cancer pathology compared to allergic disease. This study reviews the existing literature on Bregs and compares their role in allergic disease in contrast to cancer development. Upregulation of Bregs in cancer states has been associated with poor prognostic outcomes across various cancer types, and Breg proliferation was associated with chronic interferon signaling, activation of the BCR–BTK (B cell receptor‐Bruton's tyrosine kinase) pathway, and release of C–X–C motif ligand 13. In contrast, Breg dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in many allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. Development of Breg‐targeted immunotherapies is currently at the preclinical level, but strategies differentially focus on Breg depletion in cancer versus Breg stimulation in allergy. Our review highlights the divergent functions that Bregs play in cancer compared to allergy. We conclude that natural homeostasis hinges on a fine balance between the dichotomous role of Bregs—over or underactivation can result in a pathological state.
Advances in data‐assisted high‐throughput computations for material design
Authors: Xu Dingguo , Zhang Qiao , Huo Xiangyu , Wang Yitong , Yang Mingli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtensive trial and error in the variable space is the main cause of low efficiency and high cost in material development. The experimental tasks can be reduced significantly in the case that the variable space is narrowed down by reliable computer simulations. Because of their numerous variables in material design, however, the variable space is still too large to be accessed thoroughly even with a computational approach. High‐throughput computations (HTC) make it possible to complete a material screening in a large space by replacing the conventionally manual and sequential operations with automatic, robust, and concurrent streamlines. The efficiency of HTC, which is one of the pillars of materials genome engineering, has been verified in many studies, but its applications are still limited by demanding computational costs. Introduction of data mining and artificial intelligence into HTC has become an effective approach to solve the problem. In the past years, many studies have focused on the development and application of HTC and data combined approaches, which is considered as a new paradigm in computational materials science. This review focuses on the main advances in the field of data‐assisted HTC for material research and development and provides our outlook on its future development.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in Chinese population: Analysis of three new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Yaoyao , Wang Lina , Chen Xiaoying , Liu Shiguo , Han Wei , Yu Xinjuan , Cao Xipeng , Liu Xiuxiang , Wang Jiahui 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundCongenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is mainly caused by PHOX2B mutations. The purpose of this study is to analyze and summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of CCHS patients in the Chinese population from our study and previous literature.MethodsThe potential pathogenic gene mutations of CCHS were identified and verified by next generation sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing, fluorescent probe PCR and capillary electrophoresis. The clinical characteristics and gene mutations of CCHS cases in Chinese population were summarized from our study and previous literature to explore the genotype–phenotype correlations.ResultsWe identified 48 CCHS cases including three new cases from our report in China. Overall, 77.1% of the patients had PHOX2B polyalanine repeat expansion mutations (PARMs), and the remaining 22.9% had 10 distinct PHOX2B non‐polyalanine repeat expansion mutations (NPARMs). Compared to those with PARMs, patients with NPARMs were more likely to have premature birth (54.5% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001) and lower birth weight (33.3% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.030), with statistical significance. The patients with PARMs were more likely to have cardiovascular defects (64.9% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.063), cerebral hemorrhage (29.7% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.322) and seizures (37.8% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.151) than those with NPARMs, with no statistical significance.ConclusionsCCHS patients with PHOX2B NPARMs were more likely to have premature birth and low birth weight, while PHOX2B PARMs tended to be positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular defects, cerebral hemorrhage and seizures in Chinese population.
Developmentally specified characterization of the irritability spectrum at early school age: Implications for pragmatic mental health screening
Authors: Hirsch Emily , Alam Tasmia , Kirk Nathan , Bevans Katherine B. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Wiggins Jillian L. , Roy Amy K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesDevelopmentally specified measures that identify clinically salient irritability are needed for early school‐age youth to meaningfully capture this transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. Thus, the current study modeled the normal:abnormal irritability spectrum and generated a clinically optimized screening tool for this population.MethodsThe irritability spectrum was modeled via the youth version of the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales—Temper Loss Scale (MAPS‐TL‐Youth) in children (n = 474; 6.0–8.9 years) using item response theory (IRT). Both cross‐cutting core irritability items from the early childhood version and new developmentally specific items were included. Items uniquely associated with impairment were identified and used to derive a brief, clinically optimized irritability screener. Longitudinal data were then utilized to test the predictive utility of this clinically optimized screener in preadolescence (n = 348; 8.0–12.9 years).ResultsMost children exhibit irritability regularly, but daily occurrence was rare. Of the top 10 most severe items from the IRT analyses, 9 were from the developmentally specific items added for the MAPS‐TL Youth version. Two items associated with concurrent impairment were identified for the clinically optimized irritability screener (“Become frustrated easily” and “Act irritable”). The MAPS‐TL‐Youth clinically optimized screener demonstrated good sensitivity (69%) and specificity (84%) in relation to concurrent DSM 5 irritability‐related diagnoses. Youth with elevated scores on the screener at early school age (ESA) had more than 7x greater odds of irritability‐related psychopathology at pre‐adolescence.ConclusionsThe MAPS‐TL‐Youth characterized the developmental spectrum of irritability at ESA and a clinically optimized screener showed promise at predicting psychopathology risk. Rigorous testing of clinical applications is a critical next step.
Improved reliability of perfusion estimation in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI by using the arterial input function from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Hsien , Jaspers Jaap , Romero Alejandra Mendez , Wielopolski Piotr , Smits Marion , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Vos Frans 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe arterial input function (AIF) plays a crucial role in estimating quantitative perfusion properties from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI. An important issue, however, is that measuring the AIF in absolute contrast‐agent concentrations is challenging, due to uncertainty in relation to the measured
‐weighted signal, signal depletion at high concentration, and partial‐volume effects. A potential solution could be to derive the AIF from separately acquired dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data. We aim to compare the AIF determined from DCE MRI with the AIF from DSC MRI, and estimated perfusion coefficients derived from DSC data using a DCE‐driven AIF with perfusion coefficients determined using a DSC‐based AIF. AIFs were manually selected in branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in both DCE and DSC data in each patient. In addition, a semi‐automatic AIF‐selection algorithm was applied to the DSC data. The amplitude and full width at half‐maximum of the AIFs were compared statistically using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, applying a 0.05 significance level. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was derived with different AIF approaches and compared further. The results showed that the AIFs extracted from DSC scans yielded highly variable peaks across arteries within the same patient. The semi‐automatic DSC–AIF had significantly narrower width compared with the manual AIFs, and a significantly larger peak than the manual DSC–AIF. Additionally, the DCE‐based AIF provided a more stable measurement of relative CBF and absolute CBF values estimated with DCE–AIFs that were compatible with previously reported values. In conclusion, DCE‐based AIFs were reproduced significantly better across vessels, showed more realistic profiles, and delivered more stable and reasonable CBF measurements. The DCE–AIF can, therefore, be considered as an alternative AIF source for quantitative perfusion estimations in DSC MRI.
An iterated local search for a multi‐period orienteering problem arising in a car patrolling application
Authors: Vidigal Corrêa Victor Hugo , Dong Hang , Iori Manuel , dos Santos André Gustavo , Yagiura Mutsunori , Zucchi Giorgio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper addresses a real‐world multi‐period orienteering problem arising in a large Italian company that needs to patrol an area in order to provide security services to a set of customers. Each customer requires different services on a weekly basis. Some services are mandatory, while others are optional. It might be impossible to perform all optional services, and each of them is assigned a score when performed. The challenge is to determine a set of routes, one per day, that maximizes a weighted sum of the total collected score and total working time, while meeting several operational constraints, including hard time windows, maximum riding time, minimum number of services performed, and minimum time between two consecutive visits for the same service at the same customer. To solve the problem, we propose an iterated local search that invokes at each iteration an inner variable neighborhood descent procedure. Computational tests performed on a large number of real‐world instances prove that the developed algorithm is very efficient, and finds in a short time solutions that are consistently better than those produced by a mathematical model, and those in use at the company.
Phase‐shift correction of seismic reflections by means of spectral recomposition
Authors: Zuniga Nelson Ricardo Coelho Flores , Draganov Deyan , Ghose Ranajit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing post‐critical reflection data, it is possible to obtain useful information that allows more reliable geological characterization of the subsurface. However, the strong distortion caused by the phase shift in post‐critical wavelets makes the use of post‐critical reflections rather challenging. For this reason, an approach which is capable of estimating the phase shift of each wavelet of a reflection event in a data‐driven manner is desirable. In this vein, in case the frequency spectrum of a wavelet can be correctly estimated, it is possible to estimate the instantaneous phase shift. In this work, we propose an approach which can perform such estimation based on spectral recomposition of seismic data. We design an inversion approach in order to reconstruct the seismic spectrum of the wavelets of a reflection event, which subsequently allows us to estimate the instantaneous phase of each wavelet of the near‐surface reflection events without performing prior velocity analysis and/or critical‐angle estimation. After finding the instantaneous phase for each wavelet of a reflection event, we show next how one can find the respective phase shifts that can then be corrected.
Chimp optimization‐based fuzzy controller for hybrid electric vehicle speed control using electronic throttle plate
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , Shrivastava Ashish , Jana Kartick C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractToday's concern about climate change and the country's economic growth have made adopting hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) a worthy solution. Since the gas emissions of HEVs are closely related to their motor performance, developing an effective HEV motor control technique is essential. The performance and acceleration of an HEV motor are determined by the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electronic throttle plate (ETP), which employ an air‐fuel mixture for vehicle propulsion. In order to deal with this problem, this article presented an optimal fuzzy controller that controls the throttle plate's angular position and motor speed in HEVs. However, the efficiency and reliability of fuzzy controllers depend upon their gains factor. So, a different heuristic algorithm is employed to self‐tuning the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) gain factor. The performance of the suggested ChOA‐fuzzy‐based controller was evaluated utilizing various control error indices and time‐domain stability. A comprehensive controller performance analysis using different metaheuristic techniques has been carried out to validate the proposed scheme. The findings show that the suggested ChOA‐fuzzy‐based controller performs better than other techniques.
A constitutive model for modeling the mechanical behavior of the peltate leaf of Stephania japonica (Menispermaceae)
Authors: Macek Domen , Holthusen Hagen , Rjosk Annabell , Ritzert Stephan , Lautenschläger Thea , Neinhuis Christoph , Simon Jaan‐Willem , Reese Stefanie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this contribution, we present a continuum mechanical transversely isotropic viscoelastic material model at finite deformations to model the mechanical behavior of the plant tissues of peltate leaves of Stephania japonica. Not many research efforts have been devoted to investigate the mechanical properties of this type of leaf shape. The model is obtained by postulating a particular Helmholtz free energy, which is split additively into an elastic and an inelastic part. Both parts of the energy depend on the structural tensors to account for the transversely isotropic material behavior. The evolution equations are chosen in a physically meaningful way that always fulfills the second law of thermodynamics. The numerical example reveals that the proposed model is capable of predicting the mechanical response of the real plant tissues at different loading rates.
Nonlocal elasticity of Klein‐Gordon type with internal length and time scales: Constitutive modelling and dispersion relations
Authors: Agiasofitou Eleni , Lazar Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, a nonlocal elasticity theory with nonlocality in space and time is presented by considering nonlocal constitutive equations with a dynamical scalar nonlocal kernel. Based on the proposed theory, we consider the isotropic nonlocal elasticity of Klein‐Gordon type including a characteristic internal time scale parameter in addition to the characteristic internal length scale parameter. The dispersion relations for homogeneous isotropic media in the framework of nonlocal elasticity of Klein‐Gordon type are analytically determined. The obtained results reveal the ability of the presented nonlocal elasticity model to predict, for the first time in the framework of nonlocal elasticity, in addition to the acoustic modes (low‐frequency modes), optic modes (high‐frequency modes) as well as frequency band‐gaps. The phase and group velocities for all four modes (acoustic and optic branches of longitudinal and transverse waves) are determined showing that all four modes exhibit normal dispersion with positive group velocity. The presented model allows for physically realistic dispersive wave propagation.
Multi‐fidelity Gaussian processes for an efficient approximation of frequency sweeps in acoustic problems
Authors: Gurbuz Caglar , Eser Martin , Marburg Steffen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a multi‐fidelity model for the acceleration of frequency sweep analyses in acoustics. In traditional analyses, the frequency‐dependent Helmholtz equation is repetitively solved at each frequency. Using the boundary element method requires then a plethora of evaluations resulting in high computational costs. In the proposed method, the fidelity levels are realized as Gaussian processes, which are conditioned on observations obtained by boundary element simulations. A coarse boundary element mesh is considered as the low‐fidelity model, whereas a fine mesh is adopted as the high‐fidelity model. To validate the proposed framework, the vehicle interior noise problem is investigated. The results demonstrate that multi‐fidelity Gaussian processes efficiently accelerate the frequency sweep analysis, as they provide accurate and fast predictions across the entire frequency range of interest. As a beneficial side effect, the present method takes uncertainties into account. This allows to consider limited information on the model, which is particularly important in early design phases.