bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures irreducible by closed reduction: a retrospective study
Authors: Hao Youliang , Zhang Zhishan , Zhou Fang , Ji Hongquan , Tian Yun , Guo Yan , Lv Yang , Yang Zhongwei , Hou Guojin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aim
To explore the preoperative radiographic features and reduction methods of irreducible trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur and to compare the perioperative characteristics and prognoses of irreducible and reducible fractures.

Methods
The data of 1235 patients with femoral trochanteric fractures surgically treated in our hospital between January 2010 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 1163 cases of femoral trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures were included in this study. Fractures in which good or acceptable reduction could not be reached by closed manipulation were defined as irreducible fractures. The preoperative radiographic features, fracture displacement patterns after closed manipulation and intraoperative reduction methods used to treat irreducible fractures were analyzed, and the perioperative characteristics and prognoses of irreducible fractures and reducible fractures were compared.

Results
There were 224 patients in the irreducible group and 939 patients in the reducible group. According to the radiographic features of fractures, irreducible fractures could be divided into four types: those with interlocking of the fracture, sagging of the femoral shaft, splitting of the lateral wall or medial wall, and comminution of the subtrochanteric area. Various kinds of reduction techniques were needed for different types.

Conclusions
The incidence of irreducible trochanteric fractures was 15.4%, while the incidence of irreducible subtrochanteric fractures was 84.6%. According to the radiographic features of fractures, they can be divided into four types. It is important to identify irreducible fractures preoperatively and make comprehensive plans to the greatest extent possible to shorten the operation time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, and reduce the incidence of complications.
Effect of far-red light on the production and diversity of ginsenosides in leaves of Panax ginseng Meyer
Authors: Mohanan Padmanaban , Yang Tae-Jin , Song Young Hun 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGinsenosides are the most valuable and pharmacologically active triterpenoid saponins found in Panax ginseng. Although light quality affects ginsenoside content, little is known about the underlying genetic and regulatory mechanisms. Additionally, the correlation between the adaptability of ginseng to shade and ginsenoside biosynthesis remains poorly understood. In the present study, transcriptome analysis of ginseng seedlings using RNA sequencing revealed that the expression of ginsenoside biosynthesis genes, including PgHMGR, PgFPS, PgSS, and PgUGT, was enhanced in shade conditions but downregulated by red light, indicating that far-red light might play an essential role in ginsenoside production. Further, gene expression analysis in adventitious roots and 2-year-old plants using qRT-PCR showed that the light quality-mediated expression patterns of ginsenoside genes varied with tissue and age. However, unlike the transcriptome, there was no difference in the total ginsenoside content in seedlings among various light conditions. Nevertheless, the amount of major protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides increased under shade and red light conditions. Unlike seedlings and adventitious roots, there was a decrease in the expression of PgHMGR, PgFPS, PgSS, and PgDDS in 2-year-old plants, along with an increase in the ginsenoside content, under far-red light. Taken together, our findings suggest that far-red light is an important environmental factor for ginsenoside biosynthesis and diversification and provide information that can improve the quality of ginseng produced for medicinal purposes.
Hydro-climatic consequences on zooplankton diversity and abundance in perennial Vavuniya reservoir and seasonal Thandikulam reservoir in Vavuniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Kottage Chamali Dinuka , Patrick Anton Emmanuel Selvakumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Zooplankton exhibit strong responses for minute changes in their habitat. Therefore, this study intended to investigate the impacts of hydro-climatic factors and related water quality variables on zooplankton abundance and diversity in the perennial Vavuniya reservoir (VR) and seasonal Thandikulam reservoir (TR), Vavuniya, Sri Lanka.

Results
Zooplankton diversity and abundance showed some peculiarities between seasonal and perennial reservoirs under varying hydro-climatic factors and water quality parameters during wet and dry seasons (July 2018–February 2019). There were 14 Rotifera, 4 Cladocera and 5 Copepod species in VR, and in TR, 12 Rotifera, 2 Cladocera and 5 Copepod species were identified. Although these reservoirs are located at proximity (2.48 km), the responses via zooplankton community structure toward environmental factors have been shown uniqueness to some extent. Significant negative correlation was observed for increasing $${\text{NO}}_{{3}}^{ - }$$

NO

3

-

(p = 0.044) and $${\text{PO}}_{{4}}^{{{3} - }}$$

PO

4

3
-

(p = 0.010) concentrations with zooplankton diversity in perennial VR; however, only $${\text{PO}}_{{4}}^{{{3} - }}$$

PO

4

3
-

concentration showed a significantly (p = 0.042) negative correlation in seasonal TR. Interestingly, total zooplankton abundance showed significant negative correlations with $${\text{NO}}_{{3}}^{ - }$$

NO

3

-

(p = 0.013) and $${\text{PO}}_{{4}}^{3 - }$$

PO

4

3
-

(p = 0.038) in perennial VR; however, insignificant negative correlation was observed in seasonal TR. Copepods make up the majority of total zooplankton abundance in both reservoirs and were significantly affected by increased atmospheric temperature. Cladocera abundance in VR was highly sensitive (p = 0.032; r = − 0.856) to changes in water level. Increasing water level significantly favors the total zooplankton abundance in the seasonal reservoir but not in perennial.

Conclusions
Sensitivity of zooplankton community structure varies between seasonal and perennial reservoirs in different magnitudes. This is due to the increasing temperatures, increasing phosphate levels and decreasing water levels with the combination of other factors resulting in specific responses of zooplankton diversity and abundance. Therefore, it would not be surprised to use zooplankton community structure to sense the vibrant responses of different freshwater habitats.
Analysis of SLC26A4 Gene in Individuals with Non Syndromic Hearing Impairment in Relation with GJB2 Associated Mutations
Authors: Rajalakshmi Krishna , Thirunavukkarasu Jayakumar , Vikraman Meenu Ambika , Maruthy Santosh , Sylvester Charles , Kundapur Rajesh 
Published: February 2023

Background: Hearing Loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder. HL commonly ranges from mild to severe. Persons with HL face difficulty in hearing conversations or sounds through one ear or both ears, which impacts one’s ability to interact with others. Hence it is a communicable disorder that makes people socially isolated, lonely, and frustrated. HL in children severely affects language development. The people who are referred to as 'Deaf' with very little or no hearing capabilities, are considered as having profound hearing loss. More than 124 genes are causative for Non-Syndromic HL (NSHL) with varying inheritance, among which the SLC26A4 mutations are the second commonest cause of hereditary HL across the globe.
Methods: Samples from 70 NSHL patients were analyzed through Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and generated five pathogenic variants [N246fs (rs918684449), K564fs (rs746427774), F122fs, V239D (rs111033256), T721M (rs121908363)] each with frequency of 1.42%. Three missense variants [S399P (rs747431002), L597S (rs55638457), and G6V (rs111033423)] were reported under the "uncertain" category. All the collected samples were further genotyped to look for the possibility of having GJB2 and HL-associated mutations.
Results: Out of five SLC26A4 pathogenic mutations N246fs (rs918684449) and K564fs (rs746427774) were observed in samples which were positive for GJB2-HL associated candidate mutations [W24X (rs104894396), Q124X (rs397516874) and W77X (rs80338944)]. Similarly, pathogenic variants F122fs, V239D (rs111033256) and T721M (rs121908363) were observed in patient samples which were negative for GJB2-HL associated mutations.
Conclusion: Our data will expand the list of variants underlying NSHL and encourage further genotype SLC26A4 gene concerning the south Indian population with a large sample size.
Investigating the Safety and Efficacy of the Synthetic Drug Herbix on Immune Responses Involved in the Treatment of a Mouse Model of Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Khodadoust Mohammad Ali , Keramatian Gholam Reza , Farkhad Najmeh Kaffash , Tavakol-Afshari Jalil 
Published: February 2023

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infections can cause significant harm to individuals, including blindness, congenital defects, genital herpes, and even cancer, with no definitive cure .so, finding new treatment strategies is crucial.
In this study, 25 male BALB/c mice were used to conduct a mouse model of herpes by subcutaneously injecting an HSV-1 suspension (100 µL of 1× PFU/mL). The mice were divided into 5 groups with groups 1 to 3 designated as intervention groups, and groups 4 and 5 serving as positive and negative control groups, respectively. After 2 days of virus inoculation, the mice were treated with different concentrations of Herbix (100, 200, and 300 mg/mL) via subcutaneous injection. Mice Blood samples (0.5 to 1 mL) were taken from the mice before and after the experiments, and after three-week follow-up period, the mice were sacrificed and the spleens were removed for lymphocyte analysis.
we found that administration of Herbix at a dose of 300 mg/mL showed the greatest efficacy, characterized by a delay in skin lesion formation, an increment in survival rate and lymphocyte proliferation, upregulation of the gene expression of interferon alpha (IFN-α) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and an increase in the polarization of cytotoxic and helper T lymphocytes compared to the control group.
These results suggest that Herbix at a dose of 300 mg/mL is effective in treating murine herpes and stimulating immune responses, making it a potential candidate for further investigation as an antiherpetic drug.
Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Nobangan Berbasis Permainan Tradisional Suku Kaili terhadap Nilai Karakter Cinta Tanah Air
Authors: Azizah Azizah , Sani Nurul Kami , Aras Nurul Fitriah , Adriana Lusi 
Published: February 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran nobangan berbasis permainan tradisional yang berasal dari Suku Kaili dalam pembelajaran di sekolah dasar terhadap nilai karakter cinta tanah air. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D) yang diadopsi dari model R & D tiga fase dari Gravemeijer & Cobb. Tiga fase tersebut yaitu fase penelitian awal, fase pengembangan, dan fase pengujian. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa sekolah dasar di Kota Palu. Hasil penelitian yaitu dihasilkan model pembelajaran nobangan berbasis permainan tradisional suku Kaili terhadap nilai cinta tanah air yang valid dan praktis. Model ini dapat mengembangkan nilai karakter cinta tanah air siswa karena berbasis permainan rakyat yang menyenangkan bagi siswa dalam mengikuti pembelajaran. Simpulan bahwa model pembelajaran nobangan terhadap nilai karakter cinta tanah air yang dikembangkan memiliki kriteria valid dan praktis. Penerapan permainan nobangan dalam pembelajaran, membuat siswa lebih memahami kebudayaan suku Kaili. Dengan demikian, nilai-nilai tradisional suku Kaili tetap terjaga dan terlestarikan.
Downscaling the Z–R relationship and bias correction solution for flash flood assessment in a data-scarce basin, Thailand
Authors: Mapiam Punpim Puttaraksa , Sakulnurak Sikarin , Methaprayun Monton , Makmee Choowit , Marjang Nat 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT

Weather radar is a form of alternative indirect rainfall measurement for use in mitigating flash flood hazards. It is a challenging task to obtain accurate radar rainfall data without integration with automatic rain gauge networks. This paper investigated transformation equations to convert the calibrated daily Z–R relationship to the sub-hourly scale and proposed optional schemes for downscaling the daily bias adjustment factor into 15 min resolution scale to produce a high-resolution radar rainfall product for flash flood modelling. Radar reflectivity data from three radar stations in Thailand and their corresponding daily gauge rainfall data were used in the analysis. Two bias adjustment schemes (DMFB and DS_DMFB), accounting for the temporal variation, and one spatiotemporal scheme (SPTB_IDS) were used to generate three corresponding rainfall datasets for the unified river basin simulator (URBS) model to simulate flood hydrographs in the Tubma basin, Thailand. The results showed that combining the proposed 15-min Z–R scaling equation and the SPTB_IDS produced the most reliable radar rainfall amount leading to an increase in the accuracy of flood modelling with the lowest uncertainty. This indicated that the temporal downscaling solution together with spatial interpolation technique for sub-hourly radar rainfall assessment could benefit flash flood simulation in a data-scarce basin.
Кризисы детского возраста и их преодоление
Authors: Сладкова Юлия Д. 
Published: February 2023

Опираясь на периодизацию Л. С. Выготского, в статье проводится анализ шести основных кризисов детского возраста (кризис новорожденности, кризис одного года, кризис трёх лет, кризис семи лет, кризис тринадцати лет, кризис семнадцати лет). В данной статье впервые рассмотрены все шесть детских кризисов и даны рекомендации по их благополучному преодолению. Во введении автором раскрыта сущность детских кризисов, они описаны как особые этапы развития ребёнка. В «Теоретическом обосновании» рассмотрены особенности детских кризисов согласно мнению разных авторов, раскрыто определение понятия «кризис». Также в статье выделены факторы возникновения кризисов и формы их протекания. Для каждого возрастного кризиса подробно описаны новообразования и способы положительного преодоления критического периода. Затронуты положительные и отрицательные стороны прохождения кризисов ребёнком. Автором раскрываются три основных взаимосвязанных между собой вида отношений к окружающей действительности – отношение к самому себе, к другим людям и к предметному миру. Подробно раскрывается проблема влияния кризисов детского развития на взаимодействие с окружающими людьми. Раскрыты особенности и стили взаимодействия воспитателя и воспитанника, описаны формы взаимодействия родителей и педагогов с ребёнком. Акцент ставится на взаимодействии ребёнка не только совместно с родителями, но также и с воспитателями и учителями. Автором раскрыты формы взаимодействия воспитателя (педагога) и ребёнка для преодоления кризисных явлений в его развитии. В разделе «Заключение» раскрывается важность совместной помощи (родителей и педагогов) ребёнку, которая способствует благополучному протеканию трудных периодов развития. Именно комплексная работа родителей, воспитателей/педагогов способна не оттолкнуть ребёнка, а наоборот, помочь ему в успешном разрешении кризисных ситуаций; для ребёнка такие моменты являются значимыми, а их успешное прохождение будет способствовать развитию эмоциональной устойчивости, открытости и эмпатии.
Exploring the Potential of Technology to Promote Exercise Snacking for Older Adults Who Are Prefrail in the Home Setting: User-Centered Design Study
Authors: Stawarz Katarzyna , Liang Ian Ju , Alexander Lyndsay , Carlin Angela , Wijekoon Anjana , Western Max J 
Published: February 2023

Background
Older adults are at increased risk of falls, injury, and hospitalization. Maintaining or increasing participation in physical activity during older age can prevent some of the age-related declines in physical functioning that contribute to loss of independence and low reported quality of life. Exercise snacking may overcome some commonly cited barriers to exercise and encourage older adults to engage in muscle strength and balance activity, but the best way to deliver and support this novel format remains unknown.

Objective
Our aim was to explore how the novel exercise snacking approach, that is, incorporating short bouts of strength and balance activities into everyday routines, could be supported by technology within a home setting and what types of technologies would be acceptable for older adults who are prefrail.

Methods
Following a user-centered design process, 2 design workshops (study 1) were conducted first to understand older adults’ (n=11; aged 69-89 years) attitudes toward technology aimed at supporting exercise snacking at home and to inform the design of 2 prototypes. Next, based on the findings of study 1, an exploratory pilot study (study 2) was conducted over 1 day with 2 prototypes (n=5; aged 69-80 years) at the participants’ homes. Participants were interviewed over the telephone afterward about their experience. Transcripts were analyzed using framework analysis.

Results
The results showed that the participants were positive toward using technology at home to support exercise snacking, but both exercises and technology would need to be simple and match the participants’ everyday routines. Workshop discussions (study 1) led to the design of 2 prototypes using a pressure mat to support resistance and balance exercises. The exploratory pilot study (study 2) participants reported the potential in using smart devices to support exercise snacking, but the design of the initial prototypes influenced the participants’ attitudes toward them. It also hampered the acceptability of these initial versions and highlighted the challenges in fitting exercise snacking into everyday life.

Conclusions
Older adults were positive about using technology in their homes to support strength and balance exercise snacking. However, although promising, the initial prototypes require further refinement and optimization before feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy testing. Technologies to support exercise snacking need to be adaptable and personalized to individuals, to ensure that users are snacking on balance and strengthening exercises that are appropriate for them.
Detection of Biofilm Formation in Classical and Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Alansary Iman Mohammad Mahmood , Al-Saryi Nadal Abdulamer 
Published: February 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae has considered as a relevant healthcare-associated pathogen, its risk of infections is increasing in the presence of medical devices. K. pneumoniae is known for its ability to form biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm of K. pneumoniae assists in bacterial protection from host immune responses and antibiotics. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) emerges as a new pathotype, which first appeared in Asian Pacific Rim but spread globally. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the ability of K. pneumoniae including hvKp and potential hvKp isolates to form biofilm. One hundred isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad city. These isolates were identified by phenotypic characterization on selective agar plates, biochemical tests, VITEK II, and molecular identification. Biofilm formation was tested in these isolates by two methods, congo red and Tissue Culture Plate method. In congo red method, 33% of the isolates were biofilm producer and (63%) can form biofilm by TCP method divided as: 14% strong, 15 moderate, 34% weak, and 37% non-biofilm producer. The hvKp and potential hvKp isolates showed a variable ability to form biofilm as classical K. pneumoniae.
Tingkat Kedisiplinan Atlet Cabang Olahraga Akurasi pada Masa Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru
Authors: Suranta Tarigan Brema Ekel , Panca Adi I Putu , Agus Wijaya I Made 
Published: February 2023

Virus covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia, kedua cabor akurasi ini yaitu panahan dan petanque diberlakukan dikarantina atau berlatih dari rumah masing-masing oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kedisiplinan atlet cabang olahraga panahan dan petanque pada masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu atlet panahan sebanyak 45 orang dan atlet petanque sebanyak 18 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrument kedisiplinan. Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif yang dituangkan dalam bentuk persentase pada tabel dan grafik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kedisiplinan atlet cabang olahraga panahan berada pada kategori “cukup disiplin” sebesar 4,5% (2 orang), kategori “disiplin” sebesar 24,4% (11 orang) dan kategori “sangat disiplin” sebesar 71,1% (32 orang). Untuk hasil penelitian tingkat kedisiplinan atlet cabang olahraga petanque berada pada kategori “disiplin” sebesar 38,9% (7 orang) dan kategori “sangat disiplin” sebesar 61,1% (11 orang). Berdasarkan nilai rata-rata tingkat kedisiplinan atlet cabang olahraga panahan dan petanque berada pada kategori “sangat disiplin”. Kategori ini tidak dapat digeneralisasikan, akan tetapi hanya berlaku untuk kelompok yang diteliti saja.
Profil Cabang Olahraga Pencak Silat Kabupaten Badung 2019
Authors: Rahman Alfani Aulia , Sudiana I Ketut , Tisna Gede Doddy 
Published: February 2023

Pencak silat merupakan salah satu bentuk olaharaga tradisional yang dipertanding dalam berbagai ajang kejuaraan didaerah sampai pada tingkat internasional. Hanya saja tidak semua daerah mampu melaksanakan pembinaan serta pelatihan pencak silat dengan baik. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui profil pelatih serta mengetahui proses dan program latihan yang diterapkan pada lembaga pelatihan pencak silat. Penelitian ini tergolong kedalam jenis penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini yakni pengurus/manajer dan pelatih pencak silat. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan meggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun instrument yang digunakan yakni berupa pedomana wawancara, dan lembar observasi dan dokumentasi. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan menyesuaikan antara hasil penelitian dengan kajian penelitian sebelumya. Hasil analisis penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tim pencak silat memiliki fasilitas Latihan berupa fasilitas sarana yang terdiri dari 12 Jenis alat yang semuanya dalam kondisi baik layak pakai sesuai standar IPSI, badung Memiliki Pelatih sebanyak 8 orang denga rata-rata berpendidikan Sarjana (S1), semua telah mengikuti pelatihan sebagai pelatih dan kedelapan pelatih ini merupakan atlit berprestasi di tingkat daerah, nasional dan International. Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) memiliki program latihan yang terprogram baik dan tersusun rapi berupa program Latihan Tahunan (Macro cycle), Semester, Triwulan, Bulanan (Massa cycle), Mingguan (Micro cycle), Harian (Myo cycle), Tapering, Try In dan Try Out. Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi yang diperoleh oleh suatu organisasi pencak Silat didukung oleh Sarana prasarana yang memadai baik dari segi jumlah maupun kondisi alatnya, memiliki pelatih yang cukup dan dengan prestasi yang membanggakan.