bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of urban shadowing on the potential of solar‐powered vehicles
Authors: Brito Miguel Centeno , Amaro e Silva Rodrigo , Pera David , Costa Ivo , Boutov Dmitri 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSolar‐powered vehicles have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions, operational costs and charging frequency needs of electric vehicles. This potential will depend on the local solar irradiation but also shadowing conditions, a relevant issue for urban contexts. The potential of solar‐powered vehicles in the urban context is modelled for 100 cities across the world showing that the median solar extended driving range is 18 and 8 km/day/kWp for driving and parked vehicles, respectively. The most favourable geographies include Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia; nonetheless, solar‐powered mobility has relevant potential across the full sample, including China, Europe, North America and Australia.Highlights

Urban VIPV potential is assessed for 100 cities across the world.
Solar extended driving range varies between 11 and 29 km/day/kWp.
Charging frequency ratio ranges from 0% to 80%, with a median of 57%.
Urban shadowing reduces driving range by about 25% for driving vehicles.
The general factor of personality and moral hypocrisy: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Yu Yongjin , Zhang Yanyan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the general factor of personality (GFP) and moral hypocrisy, the mediating effect of moral disengagement, and the moderating effect of system justification. Six hundred and four Chinese college students (59.9% female, Mage = 22.58, SD = 1.81) completed questionnaires assessing their personality and the levels of moral disengagement and system justification. The moral situation assessment paradigm was used to measure interpersonal moral hypocrisy (i.e., moral double standards). The task assignment paradigm was used to measure intrapersonal moral hypocrisy (i.e., misalignment between words and deeds). The results revealed that the GFP was negatively associated with moral hypocrisy, and moral disengagement mediated this relationship. In addition, this mediating effect of moral disengagement was moderated by system justification. That is, the mediation effect was stronger for students with a higher level of system justification. These findings provide educational suggestions for preventing and intervening in moral hypocrisy among college students.
Greater fertility distress and avoidance relate to poorer decision making about family building after cancer among adolescent and young adult female survivors
Authors: Benedict Catherine , Stal Julia , Davis Ali , Zeidman Anna , Pons Devon , Schapira Lidia , Diefenbach Michael , Ford Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany adolescent and young adult female (AYA‐F) cancer survivors face decisions about family building using reproductive medicine or adoption to achieve parenthood. This study evaluated associations among reproductive distress, avoidance, and family‐building decision making and identified sociodemographic and clinical characteristics related to high distress and avoidance.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey assessed AYA‐F survivors' oncofertility experiences. Measures included an investigator‐designed Unmet Information Needs scale, Reproductive Concerns After Cancer Scale, Impact of Events Scale—Avoidance subscale, Decision Self‐Efficacy scale, and Decision Conflict Scale. Two linear regression models evaluated correlates of decision self‐efficacy and decisional conflict about family building after cancer. Bivariate analyses evaluated correlates of avoidance using Pearson's correlation, t‐test, and ANOVA.ResultsAYA‐Fs (N = 111) averaged 31‐years‐old (SD = 5.49) and 3 years post‐treatment (range: 1–23 years); 90% were nulliparous. Most common diagnoses were leukemia (24%) and breast cancer (22%). Average decisional conflict was 52.12 (SD = 23.87, range: 0–100); 74% of the sample reported DCS scores within the clinically significant range. Higher levels of reproductive distress (B = −0.23, p = 0.04) and avoidance (B = −0.24, p = 0.02) related to lower decision self‐efficacy. Younger age (B = −0.18, p = 0.03), greater unmet information needs (B = 0.33, p < 0.001), and higher levels of reproductive distress (B = 0.34, p = 0.001) related to worse decisional conflict. Predictors of distress and avoidance were identified.ConclusionsAfter cancer treatment, high fertility distress and avoidant coping were associated with poorer quality decision making about family building after cancer. Fertility counseling post‐treatment should support self‐efficacy and constructive coping skills to counteract high distress, maladaptive coping, and facilitate values‐based decision making.
The antimicrobial peptide database is 20 years old: Recent developments and future directions
Authors: Wang Guangshun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn 2023, the Antimicrobial Peptide Database (currently available at https://aps.unmc.edu) is 20‐years‐old. The timeline for the APD expansion in peptide entries, classification methods, search functions, post‐translational modifications, binding targets, and mechanisms of action of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) has been summarized in our previous Protein Science paper. This article highlights new database additions and findings. To facilitate antimicrobial development to combat drug‐resistant pathogens, the APD has been re‐annotating the data for antibacterial activity (active, inactive, and uncertain), toxicity (hemolytic and nonhemolytic AMPs), and salt tolerance (salt sensitive and insensitive). Comparison of the respective desired and undesired AMP groups produces new knowledge for peptide design. Our unification of AMPs from the six life kingdoms into “natural AMPs” enabled the first comparison with globular or transmembrane proteins. Due to the dominance of amphipathic helical and disulfide‐linked peptides, cysteine, glycine, and lysine in natural AMPs are much more abundant than those in globular proteins. To include peptides predicted by machine learning, a new “predicted” group has been created. Remarkably, the averaged amino acid composition of predicted peptides is located between the lower bound of natural AMPs and the upper bound of synthetic peptides. Synthetic peptides in the current APD, with the highest cationic and hydrophobic amino acid percentages, are mostly designed with varying degrees of optimization. Hence, natural AMPs accumulated in the APD over 20 years have laid the foundation for machine learning prediction. We discuss future directions for peptide discovery. It is anticipated that the APD will continue to play a role in research and education.
The role of motivation in human performance and in minimizing the impact of human error
Authors: Li Ritche Niño 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe role of human error is the subject of various case studies on process safety incidents worldwide. To improve the situation and minimize the impact of human error, efforts are widely focused on the external job situation, such as job design, and the rules of rewards and punishments. Furthermore, organizations have opted to improve individual conditions such as job competencies and skills development. It is the aim of human factors engineering to maximize the potential of human performance in preventing process safety incidents. However, little attention is paid to the internal motivational process that occurs in an individual participating in the incident. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bridge the gap and to highlight the role of motivational behavior in developing human performance or in executing actions that lead to human error. Human behavior and motivation widely vary within organizations. Therefore, organizations may benefit from the motivational theories that are widely used in the study of organizational behavior. The theoretical approach to motivation is separated into two main categories: inner motivation and outer motivation. Moreover, inner motivational theory is also subdivided into rational factors and irrational factors. The theories applied in this paper exemplify and combine the use of motivational theories in improving human performance and preventing process safety incidents. Based on the analysis, key recommendations are generated that can be implemented to improve human performance as part of the process safety management system.
An unexpected explosion while fumigating a grain silo: It wasn't the dust
Authors: Lardinois Trevor , Morrison Delmar “Trey” , Revez Daniela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLarge‐scale fumigation of grain silos is a strategy to mitigate infestation of the bulk material. A common fumigant precursor for grain processes is aluminum phosphide, which exothermically decomposes in the presence of moisture (from the grain or air) to the toxic fumigant: phosphine gas. To overcome the hazards of exothermic decomposition and phosphine exposure, aluminum phosphide pellets can be metered into the silo's grain feed to distribute them throughout the grain more evenly. This approach decreases the decomposition rate of aluminum phosphide, better distributes heat generation to avoid igniting grain, and sustains a phosphine gas concentration well below the pyrophoric concentration—all while achieving the fumigation objectives. During a fumigation activity, a large explosion occurred within a group of silos at a grain elevator complex. Dust explosions are a common hazard for grain handling facilities, but this incident was caused by the autoignition of a phosphine gas cloud inside the conveyor tunnels. It was only through post‐incident evaluations of the grain flow dynamics and pellet addition activities that a gap between the desired pellet distribution and the incident conditions was identified. As a result, a new insight into bulk grain handling and safe fumigation was developed.
Combining pharmacometric models with predictive and prognostic biomarkers for precision therapy in Crohn's disease: A case study of brazikumab
Authors: Zhang Nan , Chan Ming Liang , Li Jing , Brohawn Philip Z. , Sun Bo , Vainshtein Inna , Roskos Lorin K. , Faggioni Raffaella , Savic Rada M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPharmacometric models were used to investigate the utility of biomarkers in predicting the efficacy (Crohn's Disease Activity Index [CDAI]) of brazikumab and provide a data‐driven framework for precision therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). In a phase IIa trial in patients with moderate to severe CD, treatment with brazikumab, an anti‐interleukin 23 monoclonal antibody, was associated with clinical improvement. Brazikumab treatment effect was determined to be dependent on the baseline IL‐22 (BIL22) or baseline C‐reactive protein (BCRP; predictive biomarkers), and placebo effect was found to be correlated with the baseline CDAI (a prognostic biomarker). A maximal total inhibition on CDAI input function of 50.6% and 42.4% was predicted for patients with extremely high BIL22 or BCRP, compared to a maximal total inhibition of 20.9% and 17.8% for patients with extremely low BIL22 or BCRP, respectively, which were mainly due to the placebo effect. We demonstrated that model‐derived baseline biomarker levels that achieve 50% of maximum unbound systemic concentration of 22.8 pg/mL and 8.03 mg/L for BIL22 and BCRP as the cutoffs to select subpopulations can effectively identify high‐response subgroup patients with improved separation of responders when compared to using the median values as the cutoff. This work exemplifies the utility of pharmacometrics to quantify biomarker‐driven responses in biologic therapies and distinguish between predictive and prognostic biomarkers, complementing clinical efforts of identifying subpopulations with higher likelihood of response to brazikumab.
Dynamical systems insights on cyclonic compound “wet” and “windy” extremes in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Vakrat Eylon , Hochman Assaf 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExtreme weather, such as heavy precipitation and strong winds, can co‐occur, resulting in larger socio‐economic impacts than the linear sum of their components. These are termed “compound extremes” and are challenging to forecast even a few days before. With this aim, we investigate the “wet” and “windy” extremes associated with Eastern Mediterranean cyclones in winter. We combine insights from a synoptic classification algorithm, traditional atmospheric analysis techniques, and dynamical systems theory. In phase space, the latter quantifies atmospheric states' co‐recurrence ratio (α) and persistence (Θ−1). We base the analysis on ERA5 at various pressure levels and time lags. Our analysis is two‐fold; first, we define compound dynamical extremes (CDE) based on upper and lower deciles of α and Θ−1, linking them to the synoptic patterns. We find that CDEs are related to the depth and location of the surface cyclone and upper‐level trough. Then, we show that high co‐recurrence and persistence are associated with heavier precipitation and stronger wind speed. Second, we define compound extremes (CE), the upper 5% of precipitation intensity and wind velocity co‐occurring simultaneously. We link these back to the dynamical system metrics anomalies. Finally, we compare CEs with individual extremes and cyclone climatology. We find that CEs display significantly higher co‐recurrence and persistence than individual extremes. Indeed, days with high co‐recurrence and persistence anomalies are ∼2–18 times more likely to be allied with extreme weather, depending on the extreme type, than low co‐recurrence and persistence. Moreover, we show that the upper levels are significantly more persistent than the surface flow during a CE. The mid‐February 2012 “wet” and “windy” CE case‐study strengthened the abovementioned climatological findings. To conclude, the dynamical systems viewpoint is a valuable complement to understanding the dynamics of CEs in the Eastern Mediterranean. We foresee it to be fruitfully applied to other CEs and regions.
Quantum Sensing for Detection of Zinc‐Triggered Free Radicals in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wojtas Daniel , Li Runrun , Jarzębska Anna , Sułkowski Bartosz , Zehetbauer Michael , Schafler Erhard , Wierzbanowski Krzysztof , Mzyk Aldona , Schirhagl Romana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOxidative stress originating from the overproduction of free radicals poses a major threat to cell fate, therefore it is of great importance to address the formation of free radicals in cells subjected to various pathological stimuli. Here we investigate the free radical response of endothelial cells to biodegradable zinc. In addition to the standard free radical assays, relaxometry was used for determining the production of free radicals in cells exposed to non‐physiological concentrations of zinc ions. The cellular morphology, intracellular zinc accumulation, as well as the levels of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, are determined using standard fluorescent methods. For endothelial cells subjected to 50% zinc extracts, deviations from the normal cell shape and cell agglomeration tendency are observed. The culture medium containing the highest amount of zinc ions caused nuclei fragmentation, blebbing, and cell shrinkage, indicating cell death. A potential explanation for the observed phenomena is an overproduction of free radicals. In the case of 1% and 10% zinc extracts, the formation of free radicals is clearly confirmed by relaxometry, while the results obtained by using fluorescent techniques are unambiguous. It is revealed that high concentrations of zinc ions released from biodegradable samples induce a deleterious effect on endothelial cells.
Two's a company, three's a cloud: Explaining the effect of natural disasters on health‐based violations in drinking water
Authors: Chen Xi , Fisk Jonathan M. , Mayer Martin K. , McNamara Madeleine W. , Morris John C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIdentifying violations is at the heart of environmental compliance, especially detecting contaminants that endanger human health and safety. A review of state drinking water compliance programs demonstrates that the rate and frequency of identifying health‐based violations varies significantly across the states. Previous scholarship has attributed much of this variation to anthropogenic causes. Less studied is the role of natural disasters and other natural events, which may also influence compliance outcomes. To address this gap, we build and utilize a novel data set of state‐reported health‐based violations reported under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) from 1993 to 2016. We are particularly interested in the role that events, such as severe storms, hurricanes, floods, and fires, have on the patterns of health‐based violations. Results indicate that not all focusing events are created equally and that severe storms and hurricanes are associated with state agencies identifying a flurry of violations as compared to fires and flooding.
Evaluating a pathway for environmental sustainability: The role of competitive industrial performance and renewable energy consumption in European countries
Authors: Caglar Abdullah Emre , Daştan Muhammet , Bulut Emre , Marangoz Cumali 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWith the efforts of the United Nations, environmental sustainability is becoming the subject of countries. Policymakers and researchers closely follow the environmental dimensions of Sustainable Development Goals. This study offers a new perspective for the European Union economies by directly targeting SDG 9 and considers environmental sustainability policies in selecting variables. To be more precise, this study probes the effects of economic growth, trade openness, renewable energy, human capital, and competitive industrial performance on the load capacity factor for EU countries over the period of 1995–2018. This study uses the CUP‐FM and CUP‐BC approaches due to cross‐sectional dependence and heterogeneity. In addition, the study does not ignore possible structural breaks. As a result of the empirical analysis, while economic growth, trade openness, and competitiveness worsen environmental quality, renewable energy and human capital contribute to environmental sustainability. Based on the panel data results, EU economies still rely on fossil fuels to maintain competitiveness in the industry. The EU, which has 2030 and 2050 targets, can eliminate the disadvantages of competitiveness by expanding the environmental quality‐enhancing feature of renewable energy and human capital. Moreover, this study provides SDG‐oriented policy recommendations for EU countries.
Associations between emotion reactivity to daily interpersonal stress and acute social‐evaluative stress during late adolescence
Authors: Rahal Danny , Bower Julienne E. , Fuligni Andrew J. , Chiang Jessica J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmotion reactivity refers to the intensity of changes in positive and negative emotion following a stimulus, typically studied with respect to daily stressors (e.g., arguments, demands) or laboratory stressors, including the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Yet, it is unclear whether emotion reactivity to daily and to laboratory stressors are related. The present study examined whether greater emotion reactivity to daily stressors (i.e., arguments, demands) is associated with greater reactivity to the TSST. Late adolescents (N = 82; Mage = 18.35, SD = 0.51, range 17–19; 56.1% female; 65.9% Latine, 34.2% European American) reported whether they experienced arguments and demands with friends, family, and individuals at school and their negative and positive emotion nightly for 15 days. They also completed the TSST, a validated paradigm for eliciting social‐evaluative threat, and reported their emotion at baseline and immediately post‐TSST. Multilevel models examined whether daily and laboratory emotion reactivity were related by testing whether the daily associations between arguments and demands with emotion differed by emotion reactivity to the TSST. Individuals with greater positive emotion reactivity (i.e., greater reductions in positive emotion) and greater negative emotion reactivity to the TSST showed greater positive emotion reactivity to daily demands. Emotion reactivity to the TSST was not significantly related to emotion reactivity to arguments. Findings provide preliminary evidence that emotion reactivity to the TSST relates to some aspects of daily emotion reactivity, with relations differing depending on type of daily stressor and valence of emotion. Results contextualise the implications of emotion reactivity to the TSST for daily stress processes.
Machine Learning‐Based Shear Optimal Adhesive Microstructures with Experimental Validation
Authors: Dayan Cem Balda , Son Donghoon , Aghakhani Amirreza , Wu Yingdan , Demir Sinan Ozgun , Sitti Metin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBioinspired fibrillar structures are promising for a wide range of disruptive adhesive applications. Especially micro/nanofibrillar structures on gecko toes can have strong and controllable adhesion and shear on a wide range of surfaces with residual‐free, repeatable, self‐cleaning, and other unique features. Synthetic dry fibrillar adhesives inspired by such biological fibrils are optimized in different aspects to increase their performance. Previous fibril designs for shear optimization are limited by predefined standard shapes in a narrow range primarily based on human intuition, which restricts their maximum performance. This study combines the machine learning‐based optimization and finite‐element‐method‐based shear mechanics simulations to find shear‐optimized fibril designs automatically. In addition, fabrication limitations are integrated into the simulations to have more experimentally relevant results. The computationally discovered shear‐optimized structures are fabricated, experimentally validated, and compared with the simulations. The results show that the computed shear‐optimized fibrils perform better than the predefined standard fibril designs. This design optimization method can be used in future real‐world shear‐based gripping or nonslip surface applications, such as robotic pick‐and‐place grippers, climbing robots, gloves, electronic devices, and medical and wearable devices.