bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing natural rubber blends for examination gloves: Vacuum radiation for mechanical strength and solvent barrier
Authors: Lazim Nurul Hakimah , Shamsudin Siti Aisyah , Hidzir Norsyahidah Mohd , Keong Chai Chee , Ichinose Izumi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNatural rubber (NR) is emblematic of sustainability compared to synthetic rubber. However, the tradition of adding sulfur as a vulcanization ingredient results in the release of toxic substances and the potential for health issues. In this study, a feasible strategy was proposed to replace sulfur and discover a safe bulk modification process for NR films. The results have shown that the NR particle size was disintegrated to below 10 nm by gamma irradiation. High tension strength up to 24.45 MPa was observed in the vulcanized NR blend film, which could be elongated up to 800% strain after exposure to an optimum dose of 14 kGy. In comparison to commercial NR latex and nitrile gloves, the vulcanized NR/ SIS films exhibited better chemical resistance ability against hexane, methanol, toluene, and acetone, as revealed by the permeation test. The appearance of amorphous regions and highly oriented NR crystallites was observed through transmission electron microscopy. Findings from this study propose the vacuum radiation strategy that can replace conventional vulcanization methods, resulting in NR films with high mechanical and barrier performance. Furthermore, the emission of toxic substances is reduced by this green process, making it practically useful for potential chemical‐resistant examination glove applications.
Vanadium‐catalyzed Hydration of 2‐Cyanopyrazine to Pyrazinamide with Unique Substrate Specificity
Authors: Guo Zhongxu , Du Zhongtian , Zhao Yanbin , Shen Xiaoyu , Liang Changhai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPyrazinamide is an important medicine used for the treatment of tuberculosis(TB). The preparation of pyrazinamide via catalytic hydration of 2‐cyanopyrazine is of great economic interest with high atomic economy. Heterogeneous non‐precious transition metal‐catalyzed hydration of nitriles under neutral reaction conditions would be rather attractive. Herein vanadium‐nitrogen‐carbon materials were fabricated and employed for selective hydration of nitriles using water as both the solvent and reactant. 2‐Cyanopyrazine could be smoothly converted into to pyrazinamide with unique substrate specificity. Additives with different N and O atoms could significantly affect hydration of 2‐cyanopyrazine due to competitive adsorption/coordination in the reaction system. This work provides a new approach for non‐precious metal catalyzed hydration of nitriles.
Lateralization of delta band power in magnetoencephalography (MEG) in patients with unilateral focal epilepsy and its relation to verbal fluency
Authors: Süß Annika Melissa , Hug Marion , Conradi Nadine , Kienitz Ricardo , Rosenow Felix , Rampp Stefan , Merkel Nina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionDelta power is a clinically established biomarker for abnormal brain processes. However, in patients with unilateral focal epilepsy (FE) it is still not well understood, how it relates to the epileptogenic zone and to neurocognitive functioning. The aim of the present study was thus to assess how delta power relates to the affected hemisphere, whether lateralization strength differs between the patients, and how changes in delta power correlate with cognitive functioning.MethodWe retrospectively studied patients with left (LFE) and right FE (RFE) who had undergone a resting‐state magnetoencephalography measurement. We computed global and hemispheric delta power and lateralization indices and examined whether delta power correlates with semantic and letter verbal fluency (former being a marker for language and verbal memory, latter for executive functions) in 26 FE patients (15 LFE, 11 RFE) and 10 healthy controls.ResultsDelta power was increased in FE patients compared to healthy controls. However, the increase across hemispheres was related to the site of the epileptic focus: On group level, LFE patients showed higher delta power in both hemispheres, whereas RFE patients primarily exhibited higher delta power in the ipsilateral right hemisphere. Both groups showed co‐fluctuations of delta power between the hemispheres. Besides, delta power correlated negatively only with letter verbal fluency.ConclusionThe findings confirm and provide further evidence that delta power is a marker of pathological activity and abnormal brain processes in FE. Delta power dynamics differ between patient groups, indicating that delta power could offer additional diagnostic value. The negative association of delta power and letter verbal fluency suggests that executive dysfunctions are related to low frequency abnormalities.
Attitudes and practices toward COVID‐19 precautionary measures: A comparative study of health professionals and public
Authors: Hashim Muhammad Jawad , Jamil Sarah , Masood Murriam , Govender Romona Devi , Shamsi Ali Rashed Al , Al Zaabi Anwar , AB Khan Moien , Aziz Saleem Aqeel , Jamil Gohar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundContainment of the COVID‐19 pandemic has been impaired by the denial and defiance of preventive recommendations.AimsWe aimed to study the attitudes toward COVID‐19 social measures among laypersons and healthcare professionals.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study in the United Arab Emirates using a self‐administered online questionnaire. Both healthcare workers and laypersons were actively recruited. In addition to sociodemographic variables, the questionnaire included questions on anxiety, knowledge, and defiance related to COVID‐19.ResultsA total of 615 individuals with a mean age of 32 years (SD, 12) participated. Females comprised 69% and healthcare workers constituted 60% of the study sample. Among laypersons, over 42% reported having social gatherings at home, and 44% admitted to visiting crowded places. More than half of the respondents felt increased anxiety. Previous COVID‐19 infection did not affect attitudes or anxiety levels. Knowledge about COVID‐19 was higher among those who were more educated (r = .21). Healthcare workers had lower anxiety than laypersons (p = .002). COVID‐19 anxiety was higher among older persons and did not decrease with more knowledge. COVID‐19 defiance was higher among younger male respondents from larger households and did not correlate with knowledge. Multivariate analysis showed more defiant attitudes at younger ages.ConclusionsAnxiety‐related to the COVID‐19 pandemic is more common in older individuals, whereas younger persons were more likely to deny and defy prevention recommendations despite having knowledge of viral transmission. Voluntary compliance by young individuals requires an engaging communication strategy to generate more compassionate attitudes.
Child torture: A Washington state case series
Authors: Schlatter Adrienne , Wiester Rebecca T. , Thompson Alysha D. , Gilbert Joyce , Forshag Teresa , Feldman Kenneth W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChild torture is a worldwide problem, but there is very little research on torture as a form of child abuse. In 2014 Knox et al. reported the first case series on child torture and developed criteria to diagnose child abuse torture. Our objective was to describe additional child abuse torture victims and to determine whether they shared similar patterns, including types of abuse, duration and possible opportunities for early identification. This multi‐site case series reviewed 47 children identified as torture victims at three Washington State child abuse programs spanning 15 years. Data was collected through retrospective chart review. Simple descriptive statistics were utilised. Our study found that abuse occurred over months to years. All children experienced psychological maltreatment, 89 per cent had findings of physical abuse. Malnutrition and medical, emotional and educational neglect were common. Majority of torture victims had previously been involved with CPS or had seen a medical provider prior to diagnosis, at which time they had findings of torture, but received no protective intervention. It's important to develop criteria for recognition and early intervention since tortured children experienced sustained, systematic and escalating abuse.
The effect of shopping channel (online vs. offline) on message framing of naturalness
Authors: Duong Chien , Sung Billy , Lee Sean , Easton Julia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNaturalness is a significant driver of food‐related choices. However, there is scarce knowledge of how textual cues could be utilised to enhance the effectiveness of naturalness claims. Drawn from construal level theory, we attempted to examine how different methods of framing naturalness affect consumers in online vs. offline shopping contexts. Study 1 employed a 2 (abstract vs. concrete) × 2 (online vs. offline) experiment with 127 respondents and demonstrated that concrete framing heightens positive attitudes via increased perceived concreteness of the message, especially in offline shopping situations. Study 2 employed a 4 (abstract vs. control vs. concrete without mentioning natural vs. concrete mentioning natural) × 2 (online vs. offline) experiment with 173 respondents and replicated findings from Study 1. Furthermore, Study 2 ruled out alternative explanations of message authenticity, transparency and credibility and indicated that the effect of message framings is truly driven by the congruency between consumers' construal level and message framings. Interestingly, no significant effect of abstractly framed naturalness claims was observed in online shopping situations, contradicting existing studies. This suggests that other psychological mechanisms may interplay and hinder the effectiveness of abstract framing in our study. Taken together, the current research demonstrate that consumers' mental representation varies across shopping platforms and how it affects their evaluation of different methods of message framing.
Towards Copper(I) Clusters for Photo‐Induced Oxidation of Biological Thiols in Living Cells**
Authors: Gourdon‐Grünewaldt Lisa , Blacque Olivier , Gasser Gilles , Cariou Kevin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe cell redox balance can be disrupted by the oxidation of biological peptides, eventually leading to cell death, which provides opportunities to develop cytotoxic drugs. With the aim of developing compounds capable of specifically inducing fatal redox reactions upon light irradiation, we have developed a library of copper compounds. This metal is abundant and considered essential for human health, making it particularly attractive for the development of new anticancer drugs. Copper(I) clusters with thiol ligands (including 5 novel ones) have been synthesized and characterized. Structures were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction and showed that the compounds are oligomeric clusters. The clusters display high photooxidation capacity towards cysteine – an essential amino acid – upon light irradiation in the visible range (450 nm), while remaining completely inactive in the dark. This photoredox activity against a biological thiol is very encouraging for the development of anticancer photoredox drugs.The in vitro assay on murine colorectal cancer cells (CT26) did not show any toxicity – whether in the dark or when exposed to 450 nm light, likely because of the poor solubility of the complexes in biological medium.
One‐Pot Access to Boron‐Doped Fused Heterocycles via Domino Cyclization of Bis‐Diazidoboranes with Isonitrile
Authors: Liu Tong‐Tong , Cui Yun‐Shu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBoron‐doped fused heterocycles have shown great potential in the field of functional materials. This study reports on the synthesis of a new class of bis‐diazidoboranes and the discovery of their cycloaddition reaction with isonitriles. Triply fused boron‐doped heterocyclic compounds were constructed in a one‐pot process through a domino cycloaddition, providing an effective route for constructing complex boron‐doped heterocyclic systems.
PROTOCOL: Non‐pharmacological interventions for older people with a diagnosis of depression: An evidence and gap map
Authors: Shang Wenru , Guo Liping , Liu Yujia , Li Yanfei , Wei Qian , Guo Ke , Yang Minyan , Wei Lili , Xu Zheng , Niu Junqiang , Li Xiuxia , Yang Kehu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis is the protocol for an evidence and gap map. The objectives are as follows: To map available randomized control trials, economic evaluations, and systematic reviews that assess the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions for older people with a diagnosis of depression and identify any existing gaps in the evidence that can inform future research.
Green Synthesis of 3,4‐Unsubstituted Isoquinolones through Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Activation and Annulation in Ethanol
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Gandeepan Parthasarathy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA mild and convenient synthesis of 3,4‐unsubstituted isoquinolones has been achieved from N‐methoxybenzamides and vinylene carbonate as an acetylene surrogate with a versatile rhodium(III) catalyst. The reaction proceeded at room temperature in biomass derived ethanol solvent. This protocol avoids the use of stoichiometric external oxidant, as the vinylene carbonate served as the internal oxidant. The C−H/N−H activation and annulation manifold proceeded with broad substrate scope and excellent levels of regioselectivities. The preliminary mechanistic studies suggest facile and reversible chelation‐assisted C−H rhodation. Diversification of 3,4‐unsubstituted isoquinolones provide access to 4‐substituted isoquinolones and 3,4‐unsubstituted isoquinolines, which are complementary to the previously reported protocols.
Ultrasensitive assay of atrazine in food and water samples
Authors: Stefan‐van Staden Raluca‐Ioana , Niculae Roxana Andreea , van Staden Jacobus (Koos) Frederick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAtrazine is the pesticide that is found in surface water sources more frequently than any other pesticide. Therefore, the paper describes ultrasensitive detection of atrazine from fruit and water samples, using on‐site screening platforms incorporating stochastic microsensors based on graphite powder modified with 4‐tert‐butylcalix [4] arene and with calix [4] arene‐25,26,27,28‐tetrol. Limits of determination of 0.1 fmol L−1 were recorded while the sensors could have been used on wide concentration ranges, between 0.1 fmol L−1 and 0.1 mmol L−1. Recoveries higher than 95.00 % were recorded when used for the assay of atrazine in water, fruits and vegetables.
Toward maximum energy density enabled by anode‐free lithium metal batteries: Recent progress and perspective
Authors: Park Cheol‐Young , Kim Jinuk , Lim Won‐Gwang , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOwing to the emergenceof energy storage and electric vehicles, the desire for safe high‐energy‐density energy storage devices has increased research interest in anode‐free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs). Unlike general lithium metal batteries (LMBs), in which excess Li exists to compensate for the irreversible loss of Li, only the current collector is employed as an anode and paired with a lithiated cathode in the fabrication of AFLMBs. Owing to their unique cell configuration, AFLMBs have attractive characteristics, including the highest energy density, safety, and cost‐effectiveness. However, developing AFLMBs with extended cyclability remains an issue for practical applications because the high reactivity of Li with limited inventory causes severely low Coulombic efficiency (CE), poor cyclability, and dendrite growth. To address these issues, tremendous effort has been devoted to stabilizing Li metal anodes for AFLMBs. In this review, the importance and challenges of AFLMBs are highlighted. Then, diverse strategies, such as current collectors modification, advanced electrolytes, cathode engineering, and operation protocols are thoroughly reviewed. Finally, a future perspective on the strategy is provided for insight into the basis of future research. It is hoped that this review provides a comprehensive understanding by reviewing previous research and arousing more interest in this field.
Group‐level brain decoding with deep learning
Authors: Csaky Richard , van Es Mats W. J. , Jones Oiwi Parker , Woolrich Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDecoding brain imaging data are gaining popularity, with applications in brain‐computer interfaces and the study of neural representations. Decoding is typically subject‐specific and does not generalise well over subjects, due to high amounts of between subject variability. Techniques that overcome this will not only provide richer neuroscientific insights but also make it possible for group‐level models to outperform subject‐specific models. Here, we propose a method that uses subject embedding, analogous to word embedding in natural language processing, to learn and exploit the structure in between‐subject variability as part of a decoding model, our adaptation of the WaveNet architecture for classification. We apply this to magnetoencephalography data, where 15 subjects viewed 118 different images, with 30 examples per image; to classify images using the entire 1 s window following image presentation. We show that the combination of deep learning and subject embedding is crucial to closing the performance gap between subject‐ and group‐level decoding models. Importantly, group models outperform subject models on low‐accuracy subjects (although slightly impair high‐accuracy subjects) and can be helpful for initialising subject models. While we have not generally found group‐level models to perform better than subject‐level models, the performance of group modelling is expected to be even higher with bigger datasets. In order to provide physiological interpretation at the group level, we make use of permutation feature importance. This provides insights into the spatiotemporal and spectral information encoded in the models. All code is available on GitHub (https://github.com/ricsinaruto/MEG-group-decode).
Ability for fine needle aspiration and frozen section to predict extent of parotidectomy
Authors: Ali Hawa M. , Sankar George B. , Stickney Emily A. , Johns Heather L. , Whaley Rumeal D. , Rivera Michael , Lohse Christine M. , Tasche Kendall K. , Price Daniel L. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Yin Linda X. , Moore Eric J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionSeveral diagnostic modalities with various sensitivity and specificities can be used to evaluate a parotid mass. The aims of this project were to compare the diagnostic actionability, accuracy, and ability to accurately predict extent of surgery for FNA and frozen section during the evaluation of a parotid mass.MethodsA retrospective chart review of patients who underwent parotidectomy for a parotid mass from January 1, 2015 to January 30, 2022 was conducted. Actionability was defined as a pathology diagnosis or the histologic grade of a lesion, as this provided clear and useful information for the surgeon to act upon. Diagnostic accuracy was determined by comparing FNA and frozen section results to final pathology. Accuracy of extent of surgery was determined by comparing predicted extent of surgery from the FNA or frozen section result to the extent of surgery predicted by the final pathology.ResultsA total of 626 patients were included in this study. FNA was obtained in 396 (63%) patients, while all neoplasms were evaluated by frozen section analysis. FNA diagnosis was actionable in 318 (80%), while frozen section diagnosis was actionable in 616 (98%) patients. Exactly 294 (92.5%) FNA diagnoses were accurate compared with 600 (98%) frozen section diagnoses. The FNA diagnosis predicted appropriate extent of surgery in 294 (74%) while the frozen section diagnosis predicted appropriate extent of surgery in 600 (96%). Among the 396 patients with FNA, frozen section was significantly more likely to accurately predict appropriate extent of surgery compared with FNA (p < 0.001).ConclusionFrozen section is more likely to yield actionable and accurate results compared with FNA. Additionally, frozen section is better than FNA in predicting the appropriate extent of surgery.
What Is A Requirement?
Authors: Harwell Richard , Aslaksen Erik , Mengot Roy , Hooks Ivy , Ptack Ken 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEach contract specialist, lawyer, engineer, systems engineer, manager, or anyone else involved in the transition of vision into product, has his or her own definition of a requirement. With the rare exception, all are applicable and meaningful – but most are forgotten or ignored in the crunch to produce an effective requirements document under constrained schedule and funding environments. Yet, the need for effective requirements generation is probably the number one priority today in product development needs. Rather than approaching this problem from the theoretical or apriori standpoint, this paper examines the nature of a requirement through a process of identifying key characteristics and relationships from the viewpoint of the requirements manager/analyst and the requirements user (design team). It also discusses the importance of determining that requirements convey a need (as opposed to a directed solution), and ascertaining quality in terms of contextual adequacy.
FIRST‐ORDER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Jackson Scott , Renton Meg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper stresses the importance of the System Engineering (SE) process in the contractor funded R&D phase of a project. This practice, first, permits major decisions to be made before extensive resources are committed to hardware and software designs. Secondly, it directs R&D efforts for following years. Finally, it saves money by concentrating on technical content rather than formal documentation. Examples are shown for the McDonnell Douglas Aerospace funded Lunar Base Reference Design study. Sample formats are shown for simplified documentation. The process is called First‐Order Systems Engineering (FOSE).
RE‐ENGINEERING THE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS
Authors: Hudak George J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThroughout AT&T Federal Systems Advanced Technologies (FSAT), many systems engineering processes were used by the various organizations, making it difficult to compare measures of effectiveness for each project's process. About one year ago, FSAT management chartered a Process Management Team (PMT) to develop a standard Systems Engineering process for FSAT. After one year, the PMT issued a generic Systems Engineering process document that will be used by all projects within FSAT. The process can be tailored to either commercial or government contracts and conforms to MIL‐STD‐499B. The standard process has been modeled in a computer‐aided engineering tool and is available to new projects on a computer disc. To support the process, special courses were developed to teach process fundamentals and give projects a jump‐start. In addition, a metrics program has been established that monitors and provides feedback to all projects using the standard or tailored process.
TQM DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS
Authors: Honour Eric C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper documents a successful method used to define and improve a systems engineering process. Using the group consensus, employee‐oriented techniques of the Total Quality Management method, Harris Information Systems Division has standardized and significantly improved their systems engineering process over a four‐year period. The development of the standard process uses a ten‐step improvement method previously applied only in manufacturing areas. The Systems Engineering process team, consisting of experienced systems engineers, sequentially defined process outputs, internal/external customers, process requirements, the detailed process, and metrics.