bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden multistability of fractional discrete non-equilibrium point memristor based map
Authors: Shatnawi Mohd Taib , Abbes Abderrahmane , Ouannas Adel , Batiha Iqbal M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
At present, the multistability analysis in discrete nonlinear fractional-order systems is a subject that is receiving a lot of attention. In this article, a new discrete non-equilibrium point memristor-based map with γ − th Caputo fractional difference is introduced. In addition, in the context of the commensurate and non-commensurate instances, the nonlinear dynamics of the suggested discrete fractional map, such as its multistability, hidden chaotic attractor, and hidden hyperchaotic attractor, are investigated through several numerical techniques, including Lyapunov exponents, phase attractors, bifurcation diagrams, and the 0 − 1 test. These dynamic behaviors suggest that the fractional discrete memristive map has a hidden multistability. Finally, to validate the presence of chaos, a complexity analysis is carried out using approximation entropy (ApEn) and the C
0 measure. The findings show that the model has a high degree of complexity, which is affected by the system parameters and the fractional values.
Star-shaped polymer translocation into a nanochannel: Langevin dynamics simulations
Authors: Tilahun Mesay , Tatek Yergou B 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The dynamics of a star-shaped polymer translocation pulled by a single arm through a nanochannel is investigated using three-dimensional Langevin dynamics simulations. The pulling force is applied on the terminal monomer of the leading arm in order to mimic the motion of chains subject to a combination of magnetic and optical tweezers in real experimental setups. The effect of channel dimensions and magnitude of the pulling force as well as the chain size and functionality on the chain’s translocation dynamics is extensively examined. The variation of the mean translocation time 〈τ〉 with respect to channel length and diameter exhibits a non-trivial behavior characterized by an abrupt change in the translocation dynamics for chains with higher functionalities f. The dependence of 〈τ〉 upon channel aspect ratio yields also a regime change for the transport dynamics for chains with larger functionalities. Moreover, the average exit time with respect to chains total mass N and to the magnitude of the pulling force F are found to follow scaling laws in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Nonequilibrium spectral moment sum rules of the Holstein–Hubbard model
Authors: Najafi Khadijeh , Jacoby J Alexander , Nesselrodt R D , Freericks J K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We derive a general procedure for evaluating the nth derivative of a time-dependent operator in the Heisenberg representation and employ this approach to calculate the zeroth to third spectral moment sum rules of the retarded electronic Green’s function and self-energy for a system described by the Holstein–Hubbard model allowing for arbitrary spatial and time variation of all parameters (including spatially homogeneous electric fields and parameter quenches). For a translationally invariant (but time-dependent) Hamiltonian, we also provide sum rules in momentum space. The sum rules can be applied to various different phenomena like time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and benchmarking the accuracy of numerical many-body calculations. This work also corrects some errors found in earlier work on simpler models.
Investigation of an individual with background levels of exhaled isoprene: a case study
Authors: Harshman Sean W , Jung Anne E , Strayer Kraig E , Alfred Bryan L , Mattamana John , Veigl Alena R , Dash Aubrianne I , Salter Charles E , Stoner-Dixon Madison A , Kelly John T , Davidson Christina N , Pitsch Rhonda L , Martin Jennifer A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Isoprene is one of the most abundant and most frequently evaluated volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath. Recently, several individuals with background levels of exhaled isoprene have been identified. Here, case study data are provided for an individual, identified from a previous study, with this low prevalence phenotype. It is hypothesized that the individual will illustrate low levels of exhaled isoprene at rest and during exercise. At rest, the subject (7.1 ppb) shows background (μ = 14.2 ± 7.0 ppb) levels of exhaled isoprene while the control group illustrates significantly higher quantities (μ = 266.2 ± 72.3 ppb) via proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The result, background levels of isoprene at rest, is verified by thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) collections with the individual showing −3.6 ppb exhaled isoprene while the room background contained μ= −4.1 ± 0.1 ppb isoprene. As isoprene has been shown previously to increase at the initiation of exercise, exercise bike experiments were performed with the individual identified with low isoprene, yielding low and invariant levels of exhaled isoprene (μ = 6.6 ± 0.1 ppb) during the exercise while control subjects illustrated an approximate 2.5-fold increase (pre μ = 286.3 ± 43.8 ppb, exercise μ = 573.0 ± 147.8 ppb) in exhaled isoprene upon exercise start. Additionally, exhaled breath bag data showed a significant decrease in isoprene (delta post/pre, p = 0.0078) of the control group following the exercise regimen. Finally, TD-GC-MS results for exhaled isoprene from the individual’s family (mother, father, sister and maternal grandmother) illustrated that the mother and father exhibited isoprene values (28.5 ppb, 77.2 ppb) below control samples 95% confidence interval (μ = 166.8 ± 43.3 ppb) while the individual’s sister (182.0 ppb) was within the control range. These data provide evidence for a large dynamic range in exhaled isoprene in this family. Collectively, these results provide additional data surrounding the existence of a small population of individuals with background levels of exhaled isoprene.
Optimal Allocation Model for Sustainable and Economic Water Sources in Rutba City West of Iraq
Authors: Sulaiman Sadeq Oleiwi , Najm AbuBakir Ahmed , Mhedi Nebras Mahmood , Al-Ansari Nadhir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The water resources represented by rivers, lakes, and wells are of great importance in the growth and development of civilization by meeting the different needs of the population. Due to the climatic changes that take place in different regions of the world, in addition to the increasing population growth, it has become necessary to manage the various water resources in a way that achieves a balance between supply and demand, especially in dry areas that suffer from limited rainfall and high evaporation rates as a result of high temperatures. Iraq has surface water resources that are the main provider of agricultural, industrial, and domestic demand sites, in addition to a strategic store of groundwater that can be used during periods of water scarcity. In this study, the Water Assessment and Planning (WEAP) model was used to assess the current and future demand of the Rutba city in western Iraq for the period (2021 to 2030). The study showed a population increase of 20.9% for the period 2021-2030 which requires water amounting to (4.43) million cubic meters annually by 2030. Currently, water supply to the city is carried out from three different sources, which is through water withdrawal From the Euphrates River through the Qaim and Heet sites, as well as by withdrawing water from a group of wells from Dabaa aquifers east of the city and pumping it to the city of Rutba by pipes, which requires optimal management of the city’s water supply sources to meet the population’s need, especially in light of the high annual costs of the process of transferring the water supply to the city.
Applying of Canadian water quality index for evaluation of some water treatment plants in Basrah province
Authors: Al Saad Zainb A.A. , Hamdan Ahmed N. A. , ALbadran Fatma A.J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this study, ten water treatment plants were evaluated for water quality for drinking by using the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI).The ten main water treatment plants were Jubyla(1), Khor Al Zubair, Al-Shaibah, AlmahkalAljadeed, Hay Al-Hussain, Al Asmaei, Al Garma(1), Al Abass, Al Madena Al Riadia, and Mhaijran. These water treatment plants were in different places in Basrah province and supply most of the needed water for citizens in Basrah city. The samples were collected for the treated water monthly from January to December of 2019. 13 parameters of the treated water were tested, which were the Turbidity (Turb), Total hardness (TH), pH, Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), Chloride (Cl-), Magnesium (Mg+2), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Calcium (Ca+2), Alkalinity (Alk.), Sulfate (So4) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) for all stations. The CCME WQI method classified the treated water of Mhaijran station as poor which means is not suitable for drinking purposes and this is because of several reasons, such as the discharges of the pollutants into Shatt Al-Arab River from domestic, agricultural drainage, and industrial process pollutants. The water quality for the two water treatment plants, that are Al-Shaibah and Al Madena Al Riadia, were in good condition in the dry season. Whereas in the wet season, Al-Shaibah was marginal and Al Madena Al Riadia was fair. Al Abass was nearly fair in the dry and wet season whereas the others were ranged from marginal to poor condition.
Softening of Groundwater at Samarra City by Electromagnetic Polarization
Authors: Ibrahem Aldoury Muzher Mahdi , Ismaeal Nizar N. , Mahdi Mohammed Jameel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this investigation is to examine the effect of electromagnetic polarization on groundwater softening. Samples of groundwater were delivered from Samarra city, Salah-Aldin government, Iraq. The electromagnetic polarization treatment process was conducted using a locally manufacturing electromagnetic device. This device uses a magnetic circuit, an iron core, which is made from it a magnetic pole, air gap, and coil made of copper wire. Treated groundwater samples are achieved by passing them through the electromagnetic treatment device with a flow rate of (4, 6, 12, 25, and 50) ml/min., Total hardness concentration (800, 1050, 1300, 1550, 1800) mg/l. as CaCo3 and electromagnetic flux intensity (0.5, 0.75, 1 and 1.25) Tesla. The treatment was repeated with all these parameters. The ability to reduce Total Hardness and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of groundwater was assessed by measuring influent and effluent. It was concluded that the amount of (TDS) was slightly reduced and hardness-causing ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) were significantly reduced after electromagnetic treatment for softening groundwater with efficiency removal ranging from (3.25 to 35.2)%.
Monitoring the Growth and Development of River Islands of the Tigris River between Zabin
Authors: Hameed sakr Forat Ali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The river islands are among the most prominent geomorphic features in the course of the Tigris River within the river section under study, as the area has been covered for 36 years from 1984 to 2019 and the study area is strictly limited between the mouth of the upper zab and the lower zab. The most important natural factors that contributed and still contribute to the present day to facilitate the construction process of the river islands were illustrated by clarifying the effect of geological factors and the slope of the stream and the effect of curves, in addition to clarifying the role of water discharges as well as clarifying the role of the riverine load important and essential in the direct impact on the growth of islands In addition to the human factor, by identifying the most effective human investments in the formation or creation of conditions appropriate for the formation of river islands represented by gravel and sand quarries. In order to monitor the geomorphic development taking place in the river islands in the river course between the two zabines during the first two periods of time, they were chosen before the establishment of the Mosul Dam in 1984 from the sensor type (TM) and the second visual for the year 2019 of the type sensor (Landsat8) to highlight the growth and development of the river islands by comparing the islands Existing in the visuals for the different periods, and then to give a clear picture of the nature of the operations that it witnessed and the resulting development in the numbers, sizes and shapes of the river islands during the study years.
Modeling Flow Patterns in Tigris River – Baghdad Using the CCHE2D model
Authors: Al-Asadi Shams , Hussain Tariq Abed , Al-Mukhtar Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this study, the CCHE2D model was used to analyze the flow patterns in Tigris River in Baghdad city around a water treatment plant. To this end, the model was calibrated and validated in a steady-state using the relevant boundary conditions. The model was calibrated using the initial water surface level at the Sarai station for three discharges of 289, 530, and 870 m3/s. Hence, appropriate manning roughness modulus and equivalent mixing length turbulent models were selected to construct the hydraulic model of the Tigris River. The model was validated using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) equations. Results show that the RMSE, MAE, and R2 between the observed and modelled water levels at Sarai station were (0.17, 0.12, 0.9) m respectively during the validation. It was found that the average water velocity around the studied intake was 0.4 to 0.8 m/s while the water levels were 29 to 30 m. The CCHE2D model proved its capability to simulate the hydraulic behavior of the Tigris River. This study could be of use for further analysis on the hydraulic performance and provide better insights towards better management of the river.
Study of water productivity of wheat and moisture distribution under the influence of center pivot irrigation and different tillage systems for desert soils
Authors: Al Hasnawi Riyadh Abdzaid , Ati Alaa Salih , Tali Ahmed Hussein 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to grow the wheat crop during the fall season 2020 in Karbala province, north of Ain Al-Tamr District in two locations of different textures and parent materials. The first site (calcareous soil) with a sandy loam texture, is located at (44° 40′ 37′) east longitude and (32° 41′ 34′) north latitude, at an altitude of 32 m above sea level, and an area of 20 hectares. As for the second location (gypsum soil) with a loam texture, it is located at a longitude (45° 41′ 39′) east and a latitude (33° 43′ 34′ north) and at an altitude of 33 m above sea level and an area of 20 hectares. To find out the effect of different tillage systems on water productivity and wheat yield under center pivot irrigation system. Two treatments were used in the experiment, The first treatment: four-level tillage systems: zero tillage (T1), Spike pin harrows (T2), disc harrows (T3), and Moldboard plows (T4). As for the second treatment: Soil type with two levels: gypsum soil (G) and calcareous soil (C). The experiment was designed according to a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest yield of crop and field water was with treatment C with the productivity of 10.40 and 9.82 kg m-3, respectively and with T1 treatment with yields of 10.10 and 9.50 kg m-3, respectively. And with the GT1 bi-interaction treatment with yields of 9.30 and 8.80 kg m-3, respectively and with CT2 treatment with yields of 11.70 and 11.10 kg m-3, respectively. The treatment of calcareous soil (C) gave the highest value of grain yield, biological yield and 7657 kg ha-1, 18167 kg ha-1, respectively. Tillage treatment T1 gave the highest value of grain yield and biological yield of 7735 kg ha-1 and 18475 kg ha-1, respectively. The bi- interaction treatment GT1 gave the highest value for grain yield, biological yield 7520 kg ha-1, 17,980 kg ha-, respectively. The interaction CT2 treatment gave the highest value for grain yield, biological yield 8660 kg ha-1, 19270 kg ha-1, respectively. The T1 and T2 tillage system under center pivot irrigation is better in terms of moisture content at all depths and time periods.
Study of treating the vegetable oils in artificial water using advanced oxidation process
Authors: Joodi Nada Sabeeh , Kariem Nagam Obaid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
AOPs homogenized advanced oxidation process was studied in Fenton and Photo-Fenton on the treatment of artificial water from vegetable oil contaminants. Several variables were studied: time, pH, mixing speed, and a dose of catalysis (Fe2SO4.7H2O).The best conditions are obtained by studying experiments. Fenton and Photo-Fenton process work at an acidic medium (pH=3.5). The optimum mixing speed at (1000 rpm) for the Photo-Fenton process and (500 rpm) for the Fenton. When concentration of H2O2 was (500 mg/L) obtained the concentration of Fe2SO4.7H2O for the photo-Fenton process = (50 mg/L), and for the Fenton process = (250 mg/L).
The Fenton process gave a maximum efficiency of removal of vegetable oils of 95.2% for Corn oil (COD from 12800 to 610 mg/L), 94.5% for Castor oil, while 57.5% for Coconut oil after the total reaction time (180 minutes).
The Photo- Fenton process gave an efficiency of removal: 93% for Corn oil (COD from 12500 to 870 mg/L), 83.8% for Castor oil, while 61.6% for Coconut oil.
As for the real wastewater, the treatment was acceptable and achieved an efficiency of 89.2%, and 83.8% for Fenton, and Photo-Fenton processes respectively.
Influences of Spatial and Seasonal Variation on Khabur River Pollution by Municipal Wastewater in Zakho District, Iraq Kurdistan Region
Authors: Hussain Gulistan Ali , Umer Mustafa Ismail , Ahmed Musher Rasheed. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Samples of water were collected from the Khabur River in Zakho city in Iraqi Kurdistan Region in three seasons, the summer, autumn, and winter of 2021, at three different locations, before arriving at the city, inside the city, and after passing the city, and some Physio-chemical properties of water were determined to evaluate the spatial and seasonal variation effects on the renowned Khabur River properties. The result revealed the dissolved oxygen DO, biological oxygen demand is significantly (p<0.01) influenced by the summer season than autumn and winter, as the high temperature minimizes the dissolvability of oxygen necessary for life in the water, however, the level of BOD in Khabur river in three seasons not exceeded the recommended level of WHO and Iraqi slandered 3 mg/l. The pH of the Khabur River is not significantly affected by seasonal changes, while EC is significantly affected by seasonal variation. The alkalinity of the Khabur River is significantly higher in summer than in autumn and winter, and the opposite of almost all the studied parameters that increased in winter. The river has a total hardness greater than 200 mg/l as well as total calcium and magnesium. Hardness is significantly high in winter, as the dissolution of both Ca and Mg from bedrock and soil is increased by the action of heavy rainfall on the eroded soil. Regarding the spatial variation, the most studied parameters of the Khabur deteriorated when the river enters Zakho city, as approximately all the sewage water of this city is discharged into the river without any proper treatment.
A Review On Membrane Desalination Process in Water Treatment
Authors: Aljumaily Mustafa Mohammed , Alshami Abeer W. , Ismael Bashar H. , Hameed Mohammed Majeed , AlOmar Mohamed Khalid , Hussain Intesar R. , hameed Mohammed saleh , Alsalhy Qusay F. , Alsaadi Mohammed A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Desalination is being used on a much larger scale as a result of the rising scarcity of freshwater. Desalination plant energy usage, however, continues to be a problem. Inherently appealing, the use of renewable energy sources has been the subject of numerous research. Membrane processes are indeed attracting a great deal of interest due to their economic viability and capacity to be scaled up. This article offers a cutting-edge review of membrane processes related to renewable energies for desalinating seawater and brackish water. Reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, and electrodialysis are examples of membrane processes. They are combined with renewable energies like hydrostatic pressure, waves, solar, wind, and wind. The key findings in this field include principles, plant design and implementation, mathematical models, and economic viability, are presented in this article.
Biological Nitrogen Transformation Efficiency in Removing Nitrogen and Improving Water Quality from Zakho Municipal Wastewater in Kurdistan Region/Iraq
Authors: Mohammed Khawla Ali , Umer Mustafa Ismail , Alyazichi Yasir M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Samples of municipal waste water was taken and subjected to biological nitrogen transformation (BNT) of ammonification nitrification, and denitrification processes in order to remove the excesses level of harmful nitrogen forms and to improve physio-chemical properties of wastewater. Results revealed that the BNT is efficient in removing all forms of Nitrogen from waste water, especially in end of denitrification process, nitrite reduced about 96% and nitrate reduced to 75%. nitrification process can convert about 17 % to nitrate in one-month period while in the end of denitrifying process this range was elevated to 40 %. Total Kjeldahl nitrogen reduced by ammonification about 17%, and nitrifying bacteria are able to convert about 74% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen to nitrate. the denitrifying bacteria are able to convert this nitrate to gaseous form of nitrogen and to remove 92% of total Kjeldahl nitrogen. Different BNT process were able to reduce 24%, 64%, and 81% of organic nitrogen by ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification respectively. The COD/ N is 1 and the nitrogen removal efficiency is high. BNT is efficient in reducing TS, TSS, and TDS in the water was brought to the excellent ranges for drinking water between 50-150 mg/l. Regarding hardness, hard wastewater higher than 350 mg/l removed significantly by all BNT to bring it to soft water 180 mg/l in the end of experiment. Alkalinity was elevated by the BNT as CO3 react with H coming from nitrification to form more HCO3 ions in the water. EC values during whole experiment were changed about 10 units to return to its natural values around 160 ds.m-1 as the soluble salts cannot be removed by BNT. Turbidity of waste water was significantly removed by BNT process as microbes decompose the majority of total suspended and dissolved solid that create the turbidly.