bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meteors May Masquerade as Lightning in the Atmosphere of Venus
Authors: Blaske C. H. , O'Rourke J. G. , Desch S. J. , Borrelli M. E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLightning in the atmosphere of Venus is either ubiquitous, rare, or non‐existent, depending on how one interprets diverse observations. Quantifying when and where, or even if lightning occurs, would provide novel information about Venus' atmospheric dynamics and chemistry. Lightning is also a potential risk to future missions, which could float in the cloud layers (∼50–70 km above the surface) for up to an Earth‐year. Over decades, spacecraft and ground‐based telescopes have searched for lightning at Venus using many instruments, including magnetometers, radios, and optical cameras. Two optical surveys (from the Akatsuki orbiter and the 61‐inch telescope on Mt. Bigelow, Arizona) observed several flashes at 777 nm (the unresolved triplet emission lines of excited atomic oxygen) that have been attributed to lightning. This conclusion is based, in part, on the statistical unlikelihood of so many meteors producing such energetic flashes, based in turn on the presumption that a low fraction (<1%) of a meteor's optical energy is emitted at 777 nm. We use observations of terrestrial meteors and analogue experiments to show that a much higher conversion factor (∼5%–10%) should be expected. Therefore, we calculate that smaller, more numerous meteoroids could have caused the observed flashes. Lightning is likely too rare to pose a hazard to missions that pass through or dwell in the clouds of Venus. Likewise, small meteoroids burn up at altitudes of ∼100 km, roughly twice as high above the surface as the clouds, and also would not pose a hazard.
Tan DEM‐X Preserves the Relationship Between Hilltop Curvature and Erosion Rate in the Qilian Shan
Authors: Zhang Yunbo , Geng Haopeng , Cai Shun , Pan Baotian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHilltop curvature (CHT) can record erosional responses to tectonic forces and/or climate change. Although CHT has a linear relationship with the erosion rate, which is a significant advantage over traditional indicators, it is not widely used, mainly because it requires high‐resolution terrain data. Previous studies show that terrain steepness is strongly correlated with catchment‐wide erosion rates in the Qilian Shan. This relationship enables us to test the potential of CHT based on medium‐resolution terrain data (e.g., Tan DEM‐X with a resolution of ∼12 m) as an indicator of the erosion rate. We selected three typical sites in the Qilian Shan with evenly spaced ridge valleys and a continuous soil cover. At each site, we produced a high‐resolution digital surface model (DSM) using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), and then compared CHT from the UAV DSM with that from Tan DEM‐X, via LSDTopoTools. The results show that both Tan DEM‐X and the UAV DSM record similar spatial patterns of CHT, although the magnitudes vary between the three selected areas. We then examined the relationship between CHT based on Tan DEM‐X and the catchment‐wide erosion rate in the Qilian Shan. CHT has a linear relationship with the erosion rate in an area of clastic rocks, where the erosion rate is below 400 mm/Kyr. CHT extracted by Tan DEM‐X is superior to the mean basin slope in predicting the erosion rate in this clastic rock landscape. Overall, our results demonstrate the utility of Tan DEM‐X in calculating CHT to indicate the erosion rate.
Experimental Observations of Floodplain Vegetation, Bedforms, and Sediment Transport Interactions in a Meandering Channel
Authors: White Daniel C. , Morrison Ryan R. , Nelson Peter A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFloodplains provide important ecological, hydrological, and geomorphic functions within river corridors. During overbank flows, complex hydrodynamic conditions occur as water exits and re‐enters the channel and interacts with hydraulically rough floodplain vegetation. However, the extent to which floodplain vegetation influences channel‐altering hydrodynamic forces and thus bedform topography and sediment transport is poorly understood. We address this knowledge gap and present the results of flume experiments where we measured bedform topography under varied floodplain vegetation conditions at two overbank flow relative depths. The experiments were conducted in a 1‐m wide meandering compound channel inset in a 15.4 long, 4.9‐m wide basin. The channel bed was a mobile sand‐and‐gravel mixture with a median sediment size of 3.3 mm, and sediment transport occurred only within the channel. We tested bare and vegetated floodplain conditions with 2.7‐cm diameter rigid emergent vegetation elements at spacings of 3.0 and 12.1 units m−2. We performed a moving‐window analysis of topographic surface metrics including skewness, coefficient of variation, and standard deviation, as well as topographic patch analysis of area and contagion to measure changes in bedform heterogeneity as flow depth and vegetation density were varied. Our results show that both greater density vegetation and larger flows can increase bedform topographic heterogeneity. These findings suggest that floodplain vegetation and natural hydrologic regimes that include overbank flows can enhance stream habitat complexity. Designing for the effects of established vegetation conditions and prioritizing floodplain vegetation planting may be useful for river managers striving to achieve successful biomic river restoration.
A Perspective of Surge Dynamics in Natural Debris Flows Through Pulse‐Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Schöffl Tobias , Nagl Georg , Koschuch Richard , Schreiber Helmut , Hübl Johannes , Kaitna Roland 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a consequence of their natural occurrence and the frequent formation of multiple surges with high sediment loads, debris flows are considered one of the most hazardous gravity‐driven mass movements in mountain regions. Field measurements of surge dynamics are an essential link in the chain of understanding fundamental process dynamics and engineering protection against debris flows. However, continuous information on the velocities of multiple consecutive surges within a single debris‐flow event with high temporal resolution is rare. In this study, we present a new pulse‐Doppler radar (PD radar) for high‐resolution real‐time debris‐flow monitoring. We analyze PD radar data sets over a torrent length of 250 m for two debris flows that occurred at the Gadria creek (IT), on 26 July 2019 and 10 August 2020. The radar data were validated with independently derived data from particle image velocimetry and manually tracked velocities. We observe that between surges, the flow frequently comes to a complete halt and is re‐mobilized by subsequent surges, resembling erosion‐deposition waves in granular flows. In addition, our data confirm that surges can superimpose and merge. We anticipate that the outcomes of this work serve as a blueprint for future high‐resolution observations of debris‐flow surge dynamics with PD radar and that our findings provide new insights into the physical principles of natural debris flows.
Mapping and Characterizing Rock Glaciers in the Arid Western Kunlun Mountains Supported by InSAR and Deep Learning
Authors: Hu Yan , Liu Lin , Huang Lingcao , Zhao Lin , Wu Tonghua , Wang Xiaowen , Cai Jiaxin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRock glaciers (RGs) manifest the creep of mountain permafrost occurring in the past or at present. Their presence and dynamics are indicators of permafrost distribution and changes in response to climate forcing. There is a complete lack of knowledge about RGs in the Western Kunlun Mountains, one of the driest mountain ranges in Asia, where extensive permafrost is rapidly warming. In this study, we first mapped and quantified the kinematics of active RGs based on satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Google Earth images. Then, we trained DeepLabv3+, a deep learning network for semantic image segmentation, to automate the mapping task. The well‐trained model was applied for a region‐wide extensive delineation of RGs from Sentinel‐2 images to map the landforms that were previously missed due to the limitations of the InSAR‐based identification. Finally, we mapped 413 RGs across the Western Kunlun Mountains: 290 of them were active RGs mapped manually based on InSAR and 123 of them were newly identified and outlined by deep learning. The RGs are categorized by their spatial connection to the upslope geomorphic units. All the RGs are located at altitudes between 3,390 and 5,540 m with an average size of 0.26 km2 and a mean slope angle of 17°. Characteristics of the inventoried RGs provided insights into permafrost distribution in the Western Kunlun Mountains. The median and maximum surface downslope velocities of the active ones are 17 ± 1 and 127 ± 6 cm yr−1, respectively.
Deglacial Temperature and Carbonate Saturation State Variability in the Tropical Atlantic at Antarctic Intermediate Water Depths
Authors: Oppo D. W. , Lu W. , Huang K.‐F. , Umling N. E. , Guo W. , Yu J. , Curry W. B. , Marchitto T. M. , Wang S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVariations in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) redistribute heat and nutrients, causing pronounced anomalies of temperature and nutrient concentrations in the subsurface ocean. However, exactly how millennial‐scale deglacial AMOC variability influenced the subsurface is debated, and the role of other deglacial forcings of subsurface temperature change is unclear. Here, we present a new deglacial temperature reconstruction, which, with published records, helps assess competing hypotheses for deglacial warming in the upper tropical North Atlantic. Our record provides new evidence of regional subsurface warming in the western tropical North Atlantic within the core of modern Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) during Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1), an early deglacial interval of iceberg discharge into the North Atlantic. Our results are consistent with model simulations that suggest subsurface heat accumulates in the northern high‐latitude convection regions and along the upper AMOC return path when the AMOC weakens, and with warming due to rising greenhouse gases. Warming of AAIW may have also contributed to warming in the tropics at modern AAIW depths during late HS1. Nutrient and reconstructions from the same site suggest a link between AMOC intensity and the northward extent of AAIW in the northern tropics across the deglaciation and on millennial time scales. However, the timing of the initial deglacial increase in AAIW to the northern tropics is ambiguous. Deglacial trends and variability of in the upper North Atlantic have likely biased temperature reconstructions based on the elemental composition of calcitic benthic foraminifera.
Environments affect blood pressure in toddlers: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Suzuki Tomohisa , Tatsuta Nozomi , Ota Chiharu ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Shima Masayuki , Kageyama Seiji , Suganuma Narufumi , Ohga Shoichi , Katoh Takahiko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
The primary objective of this study was to examine risk factors for toddler’s hypertension.

Methods
Subjects of this study were children and parents participating in a national birth cohort study in Japan, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. We measured the children’s blood pressure (BP) at 2 and 4 years old. We obtained children’s and parents’ backgrounds from the questionnaire. We investigated the factors that affect BP elevation.

Results
Within 4988 participants, the mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls. The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls. Parental smoking was associated with elevated values of BP at 2 and 4 years old. Obesity, gestational hypertension, and parental lower education were associated with elevated values of BP at 4 years old. Hypertensive group had a significantly higher obesity rate. The mother’s lower education and parental smoking were involved in hypertensive groups.

Conclusion
Parental smoking had a significant effect on BP even in early toddlers. We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy to prevent future lifestyle-related illnesses including hypertension.

Impact

The mean systolic BP at 2 years old was 91.2 mmHg for boys and 90.0 mmHg for girls.

The mean systolic BP at 4 years old was 93.8 mmHg for boys and 93.1 mmHg for girls.

Obesity, parental smoking, and lower education were associated with hypertension at 4 years old.

Parental smoking was associated with hypertension at 2 and 4 years old.

We emphasize the importance of avoiding second-hand smoking from early infancy.
Evaluation of a digital oral health intervention (Know Your OQ™) to enhance knowledge, attitudes and practices related to oral health
Authors: Kitsaras George , Gomez Juliana , Hogan Richard , Ryan Maria 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective/Aim
Optimal oral health behaviours are crucial to avoid preventable dental diseases and maintain good oral health. This research aimed to evaluate the impact of a digital oral health intervention (Know Your OQ™) in changing knowledge, attitudes and practices related to oral health.

Materials & methods
Two studies were conducted with a total of 296 healthy adults. Demographic data as well as knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to oral health were collected before and after completion of the Know Your OQ™ intervention. The KAPs questionnaire included 19 multiple choice questions. Comprehension and feedback were also collected.

Results
In total, 134 (45%) male and 162 (55%) female participants completed the two studies. Across both studies, 5 out of 7 knowledge questions and 2 out of 5 attitude questions showed significant changes pre/post-intervention with participants increasing their knowledge and improving their attitudes towards oral health. Only 1 practice changed in the first study, however, in the second study, 4 out of 7 practice questions showed significant changes pre/post-intervention. Comprehensibility was high across both studies with overall, positive feedback on the intervention.

Conclusion
A digital oral health intervention was successful in increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and self-reported practices with regards to oral health in a diverse sample of the US population.
FSP1 confers ferroptosis resistance in KEAP1 mutant non-small cell lung carcinoma in NRF2-dependent and -independent manner
Authors: Kim Jong Woo , Kim Min-Ju , Han Tae-Hee , Lee Ji-Yoon , Kim Sangok , Kim Hyerin , Oh Kyoung-Jin , Kim Won Kon , Han Baek-Soo , Bae Kwang-Hee , Ban Hyun Seung , Bae Soo Han , Lee Sang Chul , Lee Haeseung , Lee Eun-Woo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFerroptosis, a type of cell death induced by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a novel anti-cancer strategy. Cancer cells frequently acquire resistance to ferroptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this issue, we conducted a thorough investigation of the genomic and transcriptomic data derived from hundreds of human cancer cell lines and primary tissue samples, with a particular focus on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). It was observed that mutations in Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and subsequent nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2, also known as NFE2L2) activation are strongly associated with ferroptosis resistance in NSCLC. Additionally, AIFM2 gene, which encodes ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), was identified as the gene most significantly correlated with ferroptosis resistance, followed by multiple NRF2 targets. We found that inhibition of NRF2 alone was not sufficient to reduce FSP1 protein levels and promote ferroptosis, whereas FSP1 inhibition effectively sensitized KEAP1-mutant NSCLC cells to ferroptosis. Furthermore, we found that combined inhibition of FSP1 and NRF2 induced ferroptosis more intensely. Our findings imply that FSP1 is a crucial suppressor of ferroptosis whose expression is partially dependent on NRF2 and that synergistically targeting both FSP1 and NRF2 may be a promising strategy for overcoming ferroptosis resistance in cancer.
Targeted deletion of von-Hippel-Lindau in the proximal tubule conditions the kidney against early diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Kunke Madlen , Knöfler Hannah , Dahlke Eileen , Zanon Rodriguez Luis , Böttner Martina , Larionov Alexey , Saudenova Makhabbat , Ohrenschall Gerrit M. , Westermann Magdalena , Porubsky Stefan , Bernardes Joana P. , Häsler Robert , Magnin Jean-Luc , Koepsell Hermann , Jouret François , Theilig Franziska 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Glomerular hyperfiltration and albuminuria subject the proximal tubule (PT) to a subsequent elevation of workload, growth, and hypoxia. Hypoxia plays an ambiguous role in the development and progression of DKD and shall be clarified in our study. PT-von-Hippel-Lindau (Vhl)-deleted mouse model in combination with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type I diabetes mellitus (DM) was phenotyped. In contrary to PT-Vhl-deleted STZ-induced type 1 DM mice, proteinuria and glomerular hyperfiltration occurred in diabetic control mice the latter due to higher nitric oxide synthase 1 and sodium and glucose transporter expression. PT Vhl deletion and DKD share common alterations in gene expression profiles, including glomerular and tubular morphology, and tubular transport and metabolism. Compared to diabetic control mice, the most significantly altered in PT Vhl-deleted STZ-induced type 1 DM mice were Ldc-1, regulating cellular oxygen consumption rate, and Zbtb16, inhibiting autophagy. Alignment of altered genes in heat maps uncovered that Vhl deletion prior to STZ-induced DM preconditioned the kidney against DKD. HIF-1α stabilization leading to histone modification and chromatin remodeling resets most genes altered upon DKD towards the control level. These data demonstrate that PT HIF-1α stabilization is a hallmark of early DKD and that targeting hypoxia prior to the onset of type 1 DM normalizes renal cell homeostasis and prevents DKD development.
CRTAC1 enhances the chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer to cisplatin by eliciting RyR-mediated calcium release and inhibiting Akt1 expression
Authors: Jin Zihui , Zhao Lingling , Chang Yixin , Jin Rongjia , Hu Fangyu , Wu Shuang , Xue Zixuan , Ma Yimeng , Chen Chenglin , Zheng Minghui , Chang Yuanyuan , Jin Honglei , Xie Qipeng , Huang Chuanshu , Huang Haishan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSensitivity to platinum-based combination chemotherapy is associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, our results obtained from analyses of the Gene Expression Omnibus database of NSCLC patients showed that cartilage acidic protein 1 (CRTAC1) plays a role in the response to platinum-based chemotherapy. Overexpression of CRTAC1 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro, whereas knockdown of CRTAC1 decreased chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells. In vivo mouse experiments showed that CRTAC1 overexpression increased the antitumor effects of cisplatin. CRTAC1 overexpression promoted NFAT transcriptional activation by increasing intracellular Ca2+levels, thereby inducing its regulated STUB1 mRNA transcription and protein expression, accelerating Akt1 protein degradation and, in turn, enhancing cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the present results indicate that CRTAC1 overexpression increases the chemosensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin treatment by inducing Ca2+-dependent Akt1 degradation and apoptosis, suggesting the potential of CRTAC1 as a biomarker for predicting cisplatin chemosensitivity. Our results further reveal that modulating the expression of CRTAC1 could be a new strategy for increasing the efficacy of cisplatin in chemotherapy of NSCLC patients.
SPDEF enhances cancer stem cell-like properties and tumorigenesis through directly promoting GALNT7 transcription in luminal breast cancer
Authors: Li Jingyuan , Wan Xue , Xie Dan , Yuan Hui , Pei Qin , Luo Yanan , Chen Yiyu , Xian Jiawen , Ye Ting 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Luminal breast cancer (BC) is the predominant subtype of breast cancer with a sustained risk of late recurrence and death. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the oncogenesis of luminal BC would improve the prognosis for this large subset of patients. SPDEF was reported to be dysregulated in breast cancers. However, the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanism of SPDEF in luminal BC remains largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the potential roles of SPDEF underlying subtype-specific functions in BC, especially in luminal subtypes.

Methods
The expressions and clinicopathological characteristics of SPDEF in luminal BC patients were evaluated bioinformatically. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the oncogenic function and stemness maintenance of SPDEF in luminal BC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were conducted to determine the transcription regulation of GALNT7 by SPDEF. GALNT7 levels in serum from luminal BC patients were further detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results
SPDEF is markedly upregulated in luminal BC and positively associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Furthermore, we confirmed that SPDEF enhanced the proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness of luminal BC cells in vitro as well the tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrated the stimulative effect of SPDEF on the progression and stemness of luminal BC, which is mediated by its directly transcriptional target GALNT7. Clinically, we verified that the GALNT7 can be used as a noninvasive diagnostic marker. Noteworthy, the combined detection of serum GALNT7 and traditional tumor markers can enhance diagnostic accuracy thus is of vital importance in the early diagnosis of luminal BC.

Conclusions
Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which SPDEF transcriptionally activates GALNT7 via directly binding to its promoter to promote cell proliferation, motility and stemness, and led to luminal BC tumorigenesis and poor prognosis.
The Hamburg Youth Prevention Project (HYPP) for adolescents with sexual interest in children
Authors: Casademont Fabiola , Märker Viktoria , Bindt Carola , Briken Peer 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPaedophilic sexual interest is often linked to an emergence during adolescence, but concrete empirical knowledge on its development and early viable treatments remains scarce. The aim of this article is to provide an overview about the current state of research on juveniles with sexual interest in children as well as to introduce the Hamburg Youth Prevention Project (HYPP). The HYPP aims to better comprehend the development of sexual interests in adolescents and seeks to find a basis for improved treatment strategies during this critical developmental period. In this perspective, we outline the framework, goals, and treatment approach for this project. It addresses adolescents who are sexually attracted to younger children or engage in sexual acts with children and who have not yet been in contact with the justice system. The project offers a diagnostic process, anonymous counselling, and treatment. It is grounded in a biopsychosocial perspective on psychosexual development and an integrative family-centred approach. The project is based on the core assumption that in adolescent participants, there is still great flexibility for development, including their sexual interests.