bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning–Based Prediction of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Sleep Problems With Wearable Data in Children
Authors: Kim Won-Pyo , Kim Hyun-Jin , Pack Seung Pil , Lim Jae-Hyun , Cho Chul-Hyun , Lee Heon-Jeong 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceEarly detection of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and sleep problems is paramount for children’s mental health. Interview-based diagnostic approaches have drawbacks, necessitating the development of an evaluation method that uses digital phenotypes in daily life.ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning (ML) models by setting the data obtained from personal digital devices comprising training features (ie, wearable data) and diagnostic results of ADHD and sleep problems by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (K-SADS) as a prediction class from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this diagnostic study, wearable data and K-SADS data were collected at 21 sites in the US in the ABCD study (release 3.0, November 2, 2020, analyzed October 11, 2021). Screening data from 6571 patients and 21 days of wearable data from 5725 patients collected at the 2-year follow-up were used, and circadian rhythm–based features were generated for each participant. A total of 12 348 wearable data for ADHD and 39 160 for sleep problems were merged for developing ML models.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe average performance of the ML models was measured using an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). In addition, the Shapley Additive Explanations value was used to calculate the importance of features.ResultsThe final population consisted of 79 children with ADHD problems (mean [SD] age, 144.5 [8.1] months; 55 [69.6%] males) vs 1011 controls and 68 with sleep problems (mean [SD] age, 143.5 [7.5] months; 38 [55.9%] males) vs 3346 controls. The ML models showed reasonable predictive performance for ADHD (AUC, 0.798; sensitivity, 0.756; specificity, 0.716; PPV, 0.159; and NPV, 0.976) and sleep problems (AUC, 0.737; sensitivity, 0.743; specificity, 0.632; PPV, 0.036; and NPV, 0.992).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this diagnostic study, an ML method for early detection or screening using digital phenotypes in children’s daily lives was developed. The results support facilitating early detection in children; however, additional follow-up studies can improve its performance.
Improving carbon footprint estimates of food items with a simple seeding procedure
Authors: Bröder Arndt , Dülz Elena , Heidecke Daphne , Wehler Anna , Weimann Frieda 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLaypeople's estimates of carbon footprints have repeatedly shown to be deficient, which may hinder targeted behavior change to reduce CO2 emissions. In an online study (N = 127), a vast underestimation of carbon footprints for 60 food items was observed in an on average highly educated convenience sample, confirming a lack of carbon footprints knowledge. Then, target carbon footprint values for a small subset of 15 “seeding” items were provided, which led to a large improvement in a second estimate for both the seeding as well as the remaining transfer items. A lens model analysis showed that participants adjusted the weighting of several predictors in the correct direction due to this simple intervention. It is argued that although almost 30 years old, “seeding the knowledge base” has probably been neglected as an effective low‐cost intervention for improving quantitative knowledge of the public. This is especially important concerning societal problems that rely on adequate numerical knowledge for behavior regulation.
PtCu Nanosonosensitizers with Inflammatory Microenvironment Regulation for Enhanced Sonodynamic Bacterial Elimination and Tissue Repair
Authors: Cheng Shuning , Chen Lin , Gong Fei , Yang Xiaoyuan , Han Zhihui , Wang Yuanjie , Ge Jun , Gao Xiang , Li Yuting , Zhong Xiaoyan , Wang Li , Lei Huali , Zhou Xiaozhong , Zhang Zengli , Cheng Liang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSonodynamic therapy (SDT) is considered a reliable replacement therapy to overcome the resistance to antibiotics and the limited tissue penetration of traditional photo‐induced therapy. Herein, ultrasmall platinum‐copper alloy nanoparticles (PtCu NPs) modified with poly (maleic anhydridealt‐1‐octadecene)‐polyethylene glycol (C18PMH‐PEG) with high sonodynamic activity, strong catalytic ability, and good glutathione (GSH) depletion performance are synthesized for highly efficient bacterial elimination. PtCu NPs obtained through a thermal decomposition approach can generate high toxic singlet oxygen (1O2) under ultrasound (US) irradiation, showing good sonodynamic performance. Meanwhile, the partial oxygenation formed on the surface of PtCu NPs endows them with good Fenton‐like catalytic performance and superior GSH‐depleting ability, thus enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In vitro experiments confirm that the synthesized PtCu‐ NPs can not only efficiently kill both gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria but also eliminate staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection through ROS generation and then accelerate wound healing in the S. aureus‐infected wound model. Meanwhile, the copper ions released from PtCu NPs can promote cell migration and angiogenesis through the up‐regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF‐1α) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31). Finally, the S. aureus‐induced deep‐seated osteomyelitis infection and bone destruction were successfully inhibited by the PtCu‐mediated combination therapy. Our work highlights a novel SDT strategy for enhanced sonodynamic bacteria elimination and tissue repair.
Room‐Temperature Hydrogen Sensor with High Sensitivity and Selectivity using Chemically Immobilized Monolayer Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Girma Henok Getachew , Park Kwang Hun , Ji Dongseob , Kim Yejin , Lee Hye Min , Jeon Seungju , Jung Seo‐Hyun , Kim Jin Young , Noh Yong‐Young , Lim Bogyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWNTs) exhibit excellent sensing properties for various gases, commercialization is hampered by several obstacles. Among these, the difficulty in reproducibly fabricating sc‐SWNT films with uniform density and thickness is the main one. Here, a facile fabrication method for sc‐SWNT‐based hydrogen (H2) sensors with excellent reproducibility, high sensitivity, and selectivity against CO, CO2, and CH4 is reported. Uniform‐density and monolayer sc‐SWNT films are fabricated using chemical immobilized through the click reaction between azide‐functionalized polymer‐wrapped sc‐SWNTs and immobilized alkyne polymer on a substrate before decorating with Pd nanoparticles (0.5–3.0 nm). The optimized sc‐SWNT sensor has a high room‐temperature response of 285 with the response and recovery times of 10 and 3 s, respectively, under 1% H2 gas in air. In particular, this sensor demonstrates highly selective H2 detection at room temperature (25 °C), compared to other gases and humidity. Therefore, the chemical immobilization of the monolayer SWNT films with reproducible and uniform density has the potential for large‐scale fabrication of robust room‐temperature H2 sensors.
Charge‐Driven Self‐Assembled Microspheres Hydrogel Scaffolds for Combined Drug Delivery and Photothermal Therapy of Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Luo Xiong , Zhang Lei , Luo Yiping , Cai Zhuyun , Zeng Hua , Wang Tianlong , Liu Zhiqing , Chen Yixing , Sheng Xuexin , Mandlate Aquino Ernesto da Graça , Zhou Zifei , Chen Feng , Zheng Longpo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe treatment of diabetic wound remains a big clinical challenge. Hydrogel that can provide physical barrier and humidity displays amazing potentials for managing the diabetic wounds healing. Herein, a new charge‐driven self‐assembled microsphere hydrogel scaffold (SMHS) is reported based on an electric charge interaction, by combining use of black phosphorus (BP)‐contained chitosan methacryloyl (CS) microspheres with positive charge and basic fibroblast growth factor‐contained hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HA) microspheres with negative charge. The weak charge attraction among microspheres gives the SMHS the injectable characteristic. Due to the existence of BP, near‐infrared (NIR) irradiation has obvious effects on the degradation and drug release behaviors of SMHS. Significantly, SMHS that combines the short‐term physical (photothermal) intervention and long‐term chemical (drug release) intervention may be promising in spatio‐temporal regulation of regenerative microenvironment. SMHS with NIR irradiation (SMHS+NIR) can promote cell proliferation, cell migration, angiogenesis and macrophage polarization. Moreover, in diabetic rat skin wounds, SMHS+NIR significantly accelerates the wound healing process by simultaneously inhibiting the inflammatory response, promoting angiogenesis and tissues remodeling. The outcome of this research not only provides a biomaterial for diabetic wounds healing, but also demonstrates a new strategy for designing novel hydrogel‐based biomaterials which have the free editing and combination functions.
Biomorphic Actuation Driven Via On‐Chip Buckling of Photoresponsive Hydrogel Films
Authors: Takahashi Riku , Tanaka Aya , Yamaguchi Masumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRemotely controllable photoresponsive hydrogel actuators are promising for applications in multiple fields. However, simple deformation mechanisms, which rely on the general swelling/deswelling, limit their performance and application. Herein, we report a displacement amplification mechanism based on the buckling deformation of photoresponsive hydrogel film. The on‐chip buckled architecture of the hydrogel enables actuation between a flat 2D shape and tubular 3D buckled shape with remarkable performances, including high deformation ratio (height ratio: ≈360%), tunable cycle motion frequency (0.1—1 Hz) and high cyclic stability. Moreover, localized buckling deformation, such as tube opening and closing, can be controlled in response to photostimulation. Inspired by these biomorphic shapes and motions, an intestine‐mimetic device and demonstrate segmentation with substance crushing and peristalsis motion with substance propelling were further fabricated. This study will provide a useful design principle for hydrogel actuators and shed light on diverse applications in soft robotics, dynamic microfluidics and organs‐on‐chips.
Bio‐Inspired Artificial Perceptual Devices for Neuromorphic Computing and Gesture Recognition
Authors: Chen Fandi , Zhang Shuo , Hu Long , Fan Jiajun , Lin Chun‐Ho , Guan Peiyuan , Zhou Yingze , Wan Tao , Peng Shuhua , Wang Chun‐Hui , Wu Liao , Furlong Teri McLean , Valanoor Nagarajan , Chu Dewei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArtificial perception technologies capable of sensing and feeling mechanical stimuli like human skins are critical enablers for electronic skins (E‐Skins) needed to achieve artificial intelligence. However, most of the reported electronic skin systems lack the capability to process and interpret the sensor data. Herein, a new design of artificial perceptual system integrating ZnO‐based synaptic devices with Pt/carbon nanofibers‐based strain sensors for stimuli detection and information processing is presented. Benefiting from the controllable ion migration after indium doping, the device can emulate various essential functions, such as short‐term/long‐term plasticity, paired‐pulse facilitation, excitatory post‐synaptic current, and synaptic plasticity depending on the number, frequency, amplitude, and width of the applied pulses. The Pt/carbon nanofibers‐based strain sensors can detect subtle human motion and convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, which are further processed by the ZnO devices. By attaching the integrated devices to finger joints, it is demonstrated that they can recognize handwriting and gestures with a high accuracy. This work offers new insights in designing artificial synapses and sensors to process and recognize information for neuromorphic computing and artificial intelligence applications.
Dynamic Zinc in Liquid Metal Media as a Metal Ion Source for Highly Porous ZIF‐8 Synthesis
Authors: Zheng Jiewei , Sharma Astha , Kumeria Tushar , Chi Yuan , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Mao Guangzhao , Tang Jianbo , Kumar Priyank , Rahim Md. Arifur , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiquid metals provide new dimensions for controlling and governing of reactions. The concept of freely moving metal solutes in liquid metals can be potentially used for enhancing and tuning interfacial reactions. In this work, zinc (Zn), as the solute metal is shown that, can move to the interface, enriching the interfacial area for the efficient synthesis of highly crystalline and porous zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8). The highest rate of reaction is illustrated, and the best quality ZIF‐8, are obtained when a eutectic liquid metal system of Zn with gallium (Ga), containing 3.6 wt.% of Zn, is implemented. It is computationally shown that a combination of Ga activation and freely moving Zn leads to the highest reaction rate and better coordination with organic linkers. The comparisons with solid samples and non‐eutectic systems of Ga liquid demonstrate the advantages of eutectic mix. The work can be expanded to a variety of future interfacial reactions of zeolite imidazole frameworks for commercial scale up.
Robust Thermal Neutron Detection by LiInP2Se6 Bulk Single Crystals
Authors: Du Ziwan , Lai Yuxuan , Bai Ruirong , Wang Bolun , Zheng Qiang , Xu Chuan , Lu Teng , Pei Jun , Li Wei , Wu Yu‐Ning , Liu Kai , Liu Yun , Fu Engang , Li Jing‐Feng , Yang Yigang , Li Qian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDirect neutron detection based on semiconductor crystals holds promise to transform current neutron detector technologies and further boosts their widespread applications. It is, however, long impeded by the dearth of suitable materials in the form of sizeable bulk crystals. Here, high‐quality centimeter‐sized LiInP2Se6 single crystals are developed using the Bridgman method and their structure and property characteristics are systematically investigated. The prototype detectors fabricated from the crystals demonstrate an energy resolution of 53.7% in response to α‐particles generated from an 241Am source and robust, well‐defined response spectra to thermal neutrons that exhibit no polarization or degradation effects under prolonged neutron/γ‐ray irradiation. The primary mechanisms of Se‐vacancy and InLi antisite defects in the carrier trapping process are also identified. Such insights are critical for further enhancing the energy resolution of LiInP2Se6 bulk crystals toward the intrinsic level (≈8.6% as indicated by the chemical vapor transport‐grown thin crystals). These results pave the way for practically adopting LiInP2Se6 single crystals in new‐generation solid‐state neutron detectors.
Novel Organic Superbase Dopants for Ultraefficient N‐Doping of Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Wei Huan , Cheng Zehong , Wu Tong , Liu Yu , Guo Jing , Chen Ping‐An , Xia Jiangnan , Xie Haihong , Qiu Xincan , Liu Tingting , Zhang Bohan , Hui Jingshu , Zeng Zebing , Bai Yugang , Hu Yuanyuan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDoping is a powerful technique for engineering the electrical properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs), yet efficient n‐doping of OSCs remains a central challenge. Herein, the discovery of two organic superbase dopants, namely P2‐t‐Bu and P4‐t‐Bu as ultra‐efficient n‐dopants for OSCs is reported. Typical n‐type semiconductors such as N2200 and PC61BM are shown to experience a significant increase of conductivity upon doping by the two dopants. In particular, the optimized electrical conductivity of P2‐t‐Bu‐doped PC61BM reaches a record‐high value of 2.64 S cm−1. The polaron generation efficiency of P2‐t‐Bu‐doped in PC61BM is found to be over 35%, which is 2–3 times higher than that of benchmark n‐dopant N‐DMBI. In addition, a deprotonation‐initiated, nucleophilic‐attack‐based n‐doping mechanism is proposed for the organic superbases, which involves the deprotonation of OSC molecules, the nucleophilic attack of the resulting carbanions on the OSC's π‐bonds, and the subsequent n‐doping through single electron transfer process between the anionized and neutral OSCs. This work highlights organic superbases as promising n‐dopants for OSCs and opens up opportunities to explore and develop highly efficient n‐dopants.
Tailoring the Plasticity of Topologically Close‐Packed Phases via the Crystals’ Fundamental Building Blocks
Authors: Luo Wei , Xie Zhuocheng , Zhang Siyuan , Guénolé Julien , Sun Pei‐Ling , Meingast Arno , Alhassan Amel , Zhou Xuyang , Stein Frank , Pizzagalli Laurent , Berkels Benjamin , Scheu Christina , Korte‐Kerzel Sandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBrittle topologically close‐packed precipitates form in many advanced alloys. Due to their complex structures, little is known about their plasticity. Here, a strategy is presented to understand and tailor the deformability of these complex phases by considering the Nb–Co µ‐phase as an archetypal material. The plasticity of the Nb–Co µ‐phase is controlled by the Laves phase building block that forms parts of its unit cell. It is found that between the bulk C15–NbCo2 Laves and Nb–Co µ‐phases, the interplanar spacing and local stiffness of the Laves phase building block change, leading to a strong reduction in hardness and stiffness, as well as a transition from synchroshear to crystallographic slip. Furthermore, as the composition changes from Nb6Co7 to Nb7Co6, the Co atoms in the triple layer are substituted such that the triple layer of the Laves phase building block becomes a slab of pure Nb, resulting in inhomogeneous changes in elasticity and a transition from crystallographic slip to a glide‐and‐shuffle mechanism. These findings open opportunities to purposefully tailor the plasticity of these topologically close‐packed phases in the bulk by manipulating the interplanar spacing and local shear modulus of the fundamental crystal building blocks at the atomic scale.
Technology and Materials for Passive Manipulation of the Solar Spectrum in Greenhouses
Authors: Mishra Kshiti , Stanghellini Cecilia , Hemming Silke 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGreenhouse horticulture grows increasingly important due to its ability to provide a controlled microclimate which is optimizable for highly efficient crop growth and resource use, although it may come at a significant energy and investment cost. One of the most crucial inputs in any greenhouse is sunlight, giving free energy and light for greenhouse crop growth. However, it is enormously variable, both geographically and seasonally. This review discusses materials and technologies usable in greenhouse cover and screen materials which can passively manipulate the incident sunlight to transmit a light spectrum that is ideal for crop growth, thereby improving the yield, and for greenhouse microclimate management, thereby reducing the energy usage of greenhouses. The current status of spectrum‐manipulating technology in greenhouses, developments over the last few years, some potential innovations adaptable from diverse fields to greenhouse horticulture, and the associated challenges, are discussed.
Adaptation of the Solar Spectrum to Improve the use of Sunlight: A Critical Review on Techniques, Applications, and Current Trends
Authors: Kandil Abdalrhman A. , Salem Mohamed S. , Awad Mohamed M. , Sultan Gamal I. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) cells are one of the most common devices to harvest solar radiation and convert it into usable electrical power. However, normal silicone‐based photovoltaic cells work best within the visible light region. Conventional PV panels can use 15–30% of the total energy received, while the remainder is reflected or converted into waste heat. Not only do other wavelengths have lower conversion efficiencies, but they may also increase the cell surface temperature and decrease its overall efficiency. To solve this problem, spectral beam splitting is a potential approach for converting solar energy efficiently. Even though spectral‐splitting systems have high theoretical conversion efficiencies, they have not yet reached the commercial level. The current study describes the advancements in beam‐splitting systems based on thermal PV cells, multijunction cells, nano‐film, conventional, and nanofluids over the last decade. The mechanisms of various splitting system techniques and several hybrid applications are thoroughly discussed in order to provide a comprehensive understanding of solar energy utilization and the considerations influencing system efficiency. Even though the cost increase can be offset by the increased energy conversion efficiency and controlled wavelengths, the system's stability must be addressed for future practical applications.
An Optochemical Oxygen Scavenger Enabling Spatiotemporal Control of Hypoxia
Authors: Ieda Naoya , Sawada Masato , Oguchi Runa , Itoh Masato , Hirakata Seina , Saitoh Daisuke , Nakao Akito , Kawaguchi Mitsuyasu , Sawamoto Kazunobu , Yoshihara Toshitada , Mori Yasuo , Nakagawa Hidehiko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present an optochemical O2 scavenging system that enables precise spatiotemporal control of the level of hypoxia in living cells simply by adjusting the light intensity in the illuminated region. The system employs rhodamine containing a selenium or tellurium atom as an optochemical oxygen scavenger that rapidly consumes O2 by photochemical reaction with glutathione as a coreductant upon visible light irradiation (560–590 nm) and has a rapid response time, within a few minutes. The glutathione‐consuming quantum yields of the system were calculated as about 5 %. The spatiotemporal O2 consuming in cultured cells was visualized with a hypoxia‐responsive fluorescence probe, MAR. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging was applied to confirmed that different light intensities could generate different levels of hypoxia. To illustrate the potential utility of this system for hypoxia research, we show that it can spatiotemporally control calcium ion (Ca2+) influx into HEK293T cells expressing the hypoxia‐responsive Ca2+ channel TRPA1.
Nickel(II) Nitrate Hole‐Transporting Layers for Single‐Junction Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with a Record 19.02 % Efficiency
Authors: Meng Huifeng , Jing Wenwen , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Qiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA facile strategy was developed here to improve the film quality of nickel‐based hole transporting layer (HTL) for efficient organic solar cell (OSC) applications. To prevent the agglomeration of Ni(NO3)2 during film deposition, acetylacetonate was added into the precursor solution, which led to the formation of an amorphous and glass‐like state. After thermal annealing (TA) treatment, the film‐forming ability could be further improved. The additional UV‐ozone (UVO) treatment continuously improved the film quality and increased the work function and conductivity of such HTL. The resulting TA & UVO modified Ni(NO3)2 & Hacac HTL produced highly efficient organic solar cells with exciting power conversion efficiencies of 18.42 % and 19.02 % for PM6 : BTP‐eC9 and D18 : BTP‐Th devices, respectively, much higher than the control PEDOT : PSS devices.