bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Blood Transfusions and Anastomotic Leak After Colorectal Surgery for Cancer in an Australian Hospital
Authors: Simpson Fraser Hugh , Kulendran Krish , Yerkovich Stephanie , Beatty Andrew , Flynn David , Mao Derek , Brooks Taylor , Wood Phoebe , Chandrasegaram Manju D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Peri-operative blood transfusion has been identified as a risk factor for anastomotic leak in recent studies, but little is known about which patients are at risk for blood transfusion. This study aims to assess the relationship between blood transfusion and anastomotic leak and factors predisposing to leak in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Brisbane, Australia, between 2010 and 2019. A total of 522 patients underwent resection of colorectal cancer with primary anastomosis with no covering stoma and the prevalence of anastomotic leak was compared between those who had had perioperative blood transfusion(s) and those who had not.

Results
A total of 19 of 522 patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer had developed an anastomotic leak (3.64%). 11.3% of patients who had had a perioperative blood transfusion developed an anastomotic leak whereas 2.2% of patients who had not had a blood transfusion developed an anastomotic leak (p = 0.0002). Patients undergoing procedure on their right colon had proportionally more blood transfusions and this approached statistical significance (p = 0.06). Patients who received a greater quantity of units of blood transfusion prior to their diagnosis of anastomotic leak were more likely to develop an anastomotic leak (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Perioperative blood transfusions are associated with a significantly increased risk of an anastomotic leak following bowel resection with primary anastomosis for colorectal cancer.
Application of Lineage Tracing in Central Nervous System Development and Regeneration
Authors: Li Hao , Zhuang Yuan , Zhang Bin , Xu Xiaojian , Liu Baiyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) is a complicated neural network. The origin and evolution of functional neurons and glia cells remain unclear, as do the cellular alterations that occur during the course of cerebral disease rehabilitation. Lineage tracing is a valuable method for tracing specific cells and achieving a better understanding of the CNS. Recently, various technological breakthroughs have been made in lineage tracing, such as the application of various combinations of fluorescent reporters and advances in barcode technology. The development of lineage tracing has given us a deeper understanding of the normal physiology of the CNS, especially the pathological processes. In this review, we summarize these advances of lineage tracing and their applications in CNS. We focus on the use of lineage tracing techniques to elucidate the process CNS development and especially the mechanism of injury repair. Deep understanding of the central nervous system will help us to use existing technologies to diagnose and treat diseases.
Exploring the persistence and transience of energy poverty: evidence from a Greek household survey
Authors: Halkos George , Kostakis Ioannis 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study uses four rounds of household panel data to investigate consensual-based energy poverty in Greece. Employing dynamic Probit random effects and Wooldridge conditional maximum likelihood (WCML) estimators, we find evidence of genuine state dependence effects in consensual-based energy poverty among Greek households. Poverty persistence (10-12%) effects are also evident in our data. Socioeconomic, demographic, market, household, and climatic characteristics are essential predictors of energy poverty. Around 9–10% of the households seem chronically energy poor, while education, income level, dwelling characteristics, migration background, and employment status affect the chances of suffering and exiting from energy poverty. Empirical results have significant policy implications that could mitigate residential energy poverty.
Treatment Outcomes of Childhood Medulloblastoma with the SIOP/UKCCSG PNET-3 Protocol
Authors: Kartal İbrahim , Dağdemir Ayhan , Dinçer Oğuz Salih , Şimşek Hülya Kangal , Uygun Alper , Gürsel Şükriye Bilge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To retrospectively compare the overall and event-free survival rates of patients with standard and high risk medulloblastoma who received postoperative radiotherapy (RT) followed by maintenance chemotherapy.

Methods
The study included 48 patients with medulloblastoma who were treated and followed-up between 2005 and 2021. Patients were classified according to the Chang classification because no molecular analysis was done. Immediately after surgery all patients received postoperative RT followed by eight cycles of chemotherapy (SIOP/UKCCSG PNET-3 protocol); if thrombocytopenia developed, carboplatin was replaced by cisplatin to avoid treatment delay. The clinical characteristics, risk categories and treatment outcomes of all patients were analyzed.

Results
The mean age of the 48 patients (26 males, 22 females) at diagnosis was 7.27±4.21 y. The median start time of RT after surgery was 37 (range 19–80) d. The median follow-up was 56 (3–216) mo. The 5-year event-free survival was 61.2±10% in the high-risk group and 82.5±11.5% in the standard-risk group. The 5-year overall survival was 73.2±7.1%; it was 61.2±10% and 92.9±6.9% for high- and standard-risk patients, respectively (p = 0.026).

Conclusions
The outcomes of patients who were started on the modified SIOP/UKCCSG PNET-3 chemotherapy protocol, in which RT was begun as soon as possible after surgery, were comparable to those of current treatment protocols. Although a definitive conclusion is difficult, given the limited number of patients in the present study, authors suggest that their treatment protocol is a viable option for centers with limited facilities (such as an inability to perform molecular analysis).
What Makes a Qualified Chef? Olfactory and Sociodemographic Predictors of Vocational Exam Results in Culinary School Students
Authors: Pieniak Michal , Rönsch Markus , Oleszkiewicz Anna , Abele Stephan , Hummel Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractResearch has demonstrated links between sociodemographic background and educational achievements in vocational education and training. Student achievements may be additionally impacted by individual characteristics specifically relevant to the domain of the professional training. In the context of professional culinary education, student achievement may be related to their olfactory ability as the human sense of smell is involved in food perception and preparation. However, whether sociodemographic factors and olfactory ability predict educational achievements has not been directly compared in the context of culinary vocational education, which formed the aim of the current study. To identify the strength of these predictors, we measured participants’ odor detection threshold, discrimination and identification ability with the “Sniffin’ Sticks” test battery and assessed individual significance of olfaction via a self-report survey. In addition to olfactory measures, sociodemographic data (student and parental educational background, financial status) were also analyzed to determine if they predict theoretical and/or practical exam scores. The results demonstrated that a student’s educational background was a significant predictor of scores in the theoretical (but not practical) exam. Parental educational background, financial status, and olfactory ability did not predict exam scores.
Efficacy and safety of different PD-1 inhibitors in combination with lenvatinib in the treatment of unresectable primary liver cancer: a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Li Qi-mei , Sun Qing-can , Jian Yan , He Jing-zhe , Zhu Hong-bo , Hong Chang , Zeng Lin , Li Rui-ning , Wang Jia-ren , Li Yan , Chen Li-ya , Weng Xie , Liu Li , Dong Han-zhi , Xiao Lu-shan , Cui Hao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are safe and efficacious treatments for advanced primary liver cancer (PLC). The efficacy of different ICIs in the treatment of liver cancer remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore whether there is a difference in the efficacy and safety of various programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors in combination with lenvatinib in the treatment of unresectable PLC. Patients with PLC treated with lenvatinib in combination with PD-1 inhibitors (camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab, or pembrolizumab) between January 2018 and December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. Tumor response, adverse events, and grades were evaluated. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were used to compare the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients treated with different PD-1 inhibitors. Cox regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analyses to identify clinical variables related to treatment efficacy. This study included a total of 176 patients who received a combination of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors. Of these, 103 patients received camrelizumab, 44 received tislelizumab, 20 received sintilimab, and 9 received pembrolizumab. There was no significant difference in the pairwise comparison of camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab, and pembrolizumab using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Adverse events occurred in 40 (22.7%) patients (grade ≥ 3, 2.3%). The incidence of grade 3 adverse events among the four PD-1 inhibitor groups was below 5%. Camrelizumab, tislelizumab, sintilimab, and pembrolizumab are viable options for patients with unresectable PLC. These PD-1 inhibitors in combination with lenvatinib showed good safety profiles. The results guide selecting treatment for patients with unresectable PLC.
Development of an Extracellular Matrix Plate for Drug Screening Using Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids
Authors: Jung Yong Hun , Park Kyungwon , Kim Minseop , Oh Hyunjik , Choi Dong-Hee , Ahn Jinchul , Lee Sat-byol , Na Kyuhwan , Min Byung Soh , Kim Jin-A. , Chung Seok 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the advances in organoid culture, patient-derived organoids are utilized in diverse fields to broaden our understanding of conventional 2-dimensional (2D) culture methods and animal models. Patient-derived organoids have found new applications, such as screening for patient-matching drugs, immune checkpoint drugs, and mutation-target drugs, in the field of drug screening. However, conventional dome-shaped Matrigel drop-based screening methods using 24-, 48-, and 96-well plates are not effective for carrying out large-scale drug screening using organoids. Here, we present a newly developed 96-well plate-based method for the effective screening of patient-derived tumor organoids embedded in Matrigel. The new screening plate has a central hole with a diameter of 3 or 5 mm to provide a definite space for placing Matrigel in a cylindrical shape. Compared to the conventional dome-shaped Matrigel where the Matrigel drop is located arbitrarily, a cylinder-shaped Matrigel position in confined central wells allowed for faster and cost-effective tumor organoid screening. Importantly, the cylinder-shaped Matrigel ensures better consistency in high-throughput image-based analysis, which is used worldwide. Our results demonstrate the possibility of replacing the conventional 24-, 48-, and 96-well plates with the newly developed plates for effective tumor organoid screening.
Three new pathogenicity genes in Leptosphaeria maculans identified by Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis
Authors: Urquhart Andrew S. , Idnurm Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLeptosphaeria maculans causes blackleg disease of Brassica napus, but the genetic basis for how this filamentous fungus damages canola plants is not well understood. Here, non-pathogenic mutants were identified from an Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenic screen, and three of the mutants were complemented to indicate their involvement in pathogenicity. The genes encode a putative flavoprotein, a HEAT repeat-containing protein and a homolog of the Spt8 component of the Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex. The little commonality between known pathogenicity genes of this species suggests that the quest for understanding how L. maculans causes disease from a gene perspective is still at an early stage.
Fairness and Risk: An Ethical Argument for a Group Fairness Definition Insurers Can Use
Authors: Baumann Joachim , Loi Michele 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlgorithmic predictions are promising for insurance companies to develop personalized risk models for determining premiums. In this context, issues of fairness, discrimination, and social injustice might arise: Algorithms for estimating the risk based on personal data may be biased towards specific social groups, leading to systematic disadvantages for those groups. Personalized premiums may thus lead to discrimination and social injustice. It is well known from many application fields that such biases occur frequently and naturally when prediction models are applied to people unless special efforts are made to avoid them. Insurance is no exception. In this paper, we provide a thorough analysis of algorithmic fairness in the case of insurance premiums. We ask what “fairness” might mean in this context and how the fairness of a premium system can be measured. For this, we apply the established fairness frameworks of the fair machine learning literature to the case of insurance premiums and show which of the existing fairness criteria can be applied to assess the fairness of insurance premiums. We argue that two of the often-discussed group fairness criteria, independence (also called statistical parity or demographic parity) and separation (also known as equalized odds), are not normatively appropriate for insurance premiums. Instead, we propose the sufficiency criterion (also known as well-calibration) as a morally defensible alternative that allows us to test for systematic biases in premiums towards certain groups based on the risk they bring to the pool. In addition, we clarify the connection between group fairness and different degrees of personalization. Our findings enable insurers to assess the fairness properties of their risk models, helping them avoid reputation damage resulting from potentially unfair and discriminatory premium systems.
Zingiber officinale powder as a biosorbent for adsorption of acid violet 90 from aqueous solutions
Authors: Hashem A. , Dubey S. , Sharma Y. C. , Farag S. , Aly A. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe potential of Zingiber officinale powder was explored as a biosorbent for the uptake of Acid Violet 90 dye from the aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and Zeta potential techniques. The impact of various experimental parameters such as pH, dye concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, and temperature on the adsorption capacity of biosorbent was investigated using batch adsorption. The Zingiber officinale powder showed a dye adsorption efficiency of 342.68 mg/g. The optimum adsorption was achieved at pH 2, adsorbent dose of 0.2 g/L, contact time of 10 min, and 40 mg/L dye concentration at a temperature of 30 °C. The experimental isotherm data was analyzed by two-parameter and three-parameter models and best explained by the Freundlich model. The pseudo-second-order model elucidated the kinetic behavior of the uptake with pore-diffusion as the rate-determining step. The thermodynamic study suggested the uptake of dye was feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic in nature. The results revealed that the Zingiber officinale powder has the potential to be used as an adsorbent for the treatment of water.
Advanced age is an independent prognostic factor of disease progression in high-risk prostate cancer: results in 180 patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy and extended pelvic lymph node dissection in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Bianchi Alberto , Gallina Sebastian , Panunzio Andrea , Serafin Emanuele , Mazzucato Giovanni , Orlando Rossella , Montanaro Francesca , Patuzzo Giulia Marafioti , Baielli Alberto , Artoni Francesco , Ditonno Francesco , Vidiri Stefano , D’Aietti Damiano , Migliorini Filippo , Rizzetto Riccardo , Veccia Alessandro , Gozzo Alessandra , Brunelli Matteo , Tafuri Alessandro , Cerruto Maria Angela , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess more clinical and pathological factors associated with prostate cancer (PCa) progression in high-risk PCa patients treated primarily with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) in a tertiary referral center.

Materials and methods
In a period ranging from January 2013 to October 2020, RARP and ePLND were performed on 180 high-risk patients at Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona (Italy). PCa progression was defined as biochemical recurrence/persistence and/or local recurrence and/or distant metastases. Statistical methods evaluated study endpoints, including Cox’s proportional hazards, Kaplan-Meyer survival curves, and binomial logistic regression models.

Results
The median age of included patients was 66.5 [62–71] years. Disease progression occurred in 55 patients (30.6%), who were more likely to have advanced age, palpable tumors, and unfavorable pathologic features, including high tumor grade, stage, and pelvic lymph node invasion (PLNI). On multivariate analysis, PCa progression was predicted by advanced age (≥ 70 years) (HR = 2.183; 95% CI = 1.089–4377, p = 0.028), palpable tumors (HR = 3.113; 95% CI = 1.499–6.465), p = 0.002), and PLNI (HR = 2.945; 95% CI = 1.441–6.018, p = 0.003), which were associated with clinical standard factors defining high-risk PCa. Age had a negative prognostic impact on elderly patients, who were less likely to have palpable tumors but more likely to have high-grade tumors.

Conclusions
High-risk PCa progression was independently predicted by advanced age, palpable tumors, and PLNI, which is associated with standard clinical prognostic factors. Consequently, with increasing age, the prognosis is worse in elderly patients, who represent an unfavorable age group that needs extensive counseling for appropriate and personalized management decisions.
Hierarchical Interconnected NiMoN with Large Specific Surface Area and High Mechanical Strength for Efficient and Stable Alkaline Water/Seawater Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ning Minghui , Wang Yu , Wu Libo , Yang Lun , Chen Zhaoyang , Song Shaowei , Yao Yan , Bao Jiming , Chen Shuo , Ren Zhifeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNiMo-based nanostructures are among the most active hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts under an alkaline environment due to their strong water dissociation ability. However, these nanostructures are vulnerable to the destructive effects of H2 production, especially at industry-standard current densities. Therefore, developing a strategy to improve their mechanical strength while maintaining or even further increasing the activity of these nanocatalysts is of great interest to both the research and industrial communities. Here, a hierarchical interconnected NiMoN (HW-NiMoN-2h) with a nanorod-nanowire morphology was synthesized based on a rational combination of hydrothermal and water bath processes. HW-NiMoN-2h is found to exhibit excellent HER activity due to the accomodation of abundant active sites on its hierarchical morphology, in which nanowires connect free-standing nanorods, concurrently strengthening its structural stability to withstand H2 production at 1 A cm−2. Seawater is an attractive feedstock for water electrolysis since H2 generation and water desalination can be addressed simultaneously in a single process. The HER performance of HW-NiMoN-2h in alkaline seawater suggests that the presence of Na+ ions interferes with the reation kinetics, thus lowering its activity slightly. However, benefiting from its hierarchical and interconnected characteristics, HW-NiMoN-2h is found to deliver outstanding HER activity of 1 A cm−2 at 130 mV overpotential and to exhibit excellent stability at 1 A cm−2 over 70 h in 1 M KOH seawater.
A decomposition theorem for finite-dimensional Jordan superalgebras whose simple part is $$\mathfrak {K}\textrm{an}(2)$$
Authors: González F. A. Gómez , Bermúdez J. A. Ramírez 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe consider a finite-dimensional Jordan superalgebra $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
over a field of characteristic zero $$\mathbb {F}$$
F
such that $$\mathcal {N}$$
N
is the solvable radical of $$\mathcal {A}$$
A
. We proved that if $$\mathcal {N}\,^2=0$$

N

2

=
0

and $$\mathcal {A}/\mathcal {N}$$

A
/
N

is isomorphic to simple Jordan superalgebra of Grassmann Poisson bracket $$\mathfrak {K}\textrm{an}(2)$$

K
an
(
2
)

, then an analogous to Wedderburn Principal Theorem (WPT) holds.
Phylogenomic resolution of Imparidentia (Mollusca: Bivalvia) diversification through mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Yi , Kong Lingfeng , Sasaki Takenori , Li Qi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDespite significant advances in the phylogenomics of bivalves over the past decade, the higher-level phylogeny of Imparidentia (a superorder of Heterodonta) remains elusive. Here, a total of five new mitochondrial sequences (Chama asperella, Chama limbula, Chama dunkeri, Barnea manilensis and Ctena divergens) was added to provide resolution in nodes that required additional study. Although the monophyly of Lucinida remains less clear, the results revealed the overall backbone of the Imparidentia tree and the monophyly of Imparidentia. Likewise, most relationships among the five major Imparidentia lineages—Lucinida, Cardiida, Adapedonta, Myida and Venerida—were addressed with a well-supported topology. Basal relationships of Imparidentia recovered Lucinidae as the sister group to all remaining imparidentian taxa. Thyasiridae is a sister group to other imparidentian bivalves (except Lucinidae species) which is split into Cardiida, Adapedonta and the divergent clade of Neoheterodontei. Neoheterodontei was comprised of Venerida and Myida, the former of which now also contains Chamidae as the sister group to all the remaining venerid taxa. Moreover, molecular divergence times were inferred by calibrating nine nodes in the Imparidentia tree of life by extinct taxa. The origin of these major clades ranged from Ordovician to Permian with the diversification through the Palaeozoic to Mesozoic. Overall, the results obtained in this study demonstrate a better-resolved Imparidentia phylogeny based on mitochondrial genomes.
Fostering social cohesion at the neighbourhood scale: the role of two Social Streets in Ferrara and Verona
Authors: Ganugi Giulia , Prandini Riccardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSocial cohesion is often regarded as a remedy for many societal problems, among which the increasing isolation and the crisis of public space in urban contexts. Focusing on the Social Street phenomenon as an alternative urbanity, this paper reflects on social cohesion at the neighbourhood scale, by analysing its cultural and political perspectives and taking into consideration the role of individuals, communities and institutions in fostering it. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus groups are applied to two cases of Social Street. Besides highlighting the enabling conditions for social cohesion, the results show the intertwining between the individual, community and institutional levels. These links are defined as reflexive interfaces, which are organized moments and places where different actors can meet, dialogue and negotiate, accepting the other participants’ interests, values and aims.