bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-specific information resources to address the needs of young people with stroke: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gopaul U. , Charalambous M. , Thilarajah S. , Kwah L. K. , Chapman S. , Bayley M. , Demers M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background and aims
Young people with stroke (YPwS) persistently experience challenges with disability, social reintegration, employment, and financial stability to provide for themselves and their families. The aims of this scoping review are to (1) identify and collate information resources for YPwS and evidence-based self-managements programs and (2) identify gaps in age-specific resources available for YPwS after traditional rehabilitation services have ended and/or who are returning to live in the community.

Methods
We will include both qualitative and quantitative studies, including all study designs. Participants will be community-dwelling adults aged between 18 and 65 years with a clinical diagnosis of stroke. We will include information resources and evidence-based self-managements programs for YPwS. Search terms will include stroke, young people, and community dwelling. We will search electronic databases such as MEDLINE. The reference lists of included studies, systematic reviews, and stroke guidelines and stroke-specific websites will also be searched. We will also contact Stroke Support Organizations and international/national allied health professional organisations to gather information resources about YPwS. We will also conduct a comprehensive environmental scan of additional resources using the search engine Google.
The titles, abstracts, full-text articles, and contents of the resources identified by the search will be assessed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify potentially relevant resources.

Results and conclusions
Existing resources and self-management programs will be collated and categorized according to the type of needs addressed such as physical, emotions, activities of daily living, information, relationships, and social needs as well as the key gaps identified.
Associations between teacher quality, instructional quality and student reading outcomes in Nordic PIRLS 2016 data
Authors: Leino Kaisa , Nissinen Kari , Sirén Marjo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractProgress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) focuses on the reading proficiency of students mostly in the fourth year of schooling. A wide selection of studies has shown that family background and early literacy activities at home have substantial associations with student achievement in reading literacy. However, research focusing on teacher qualities and teaching processes is inadequate. In this study, we focus on associations of teacher quality (formal qualifications and professional identity) and instructional quality (classroom management, cognitive activation and teacher support) with cognitive and affective-motivational student outcomes (variables Reading Achievement, Students Confident in Reading, and Students Like Reading). We analyzed PIRLS 2016 data from four Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden), consisting altogether of 923 teachers and 17,161 students. Using path analysis, we considered selected background variables from teacher and student questionnaires in relation to the outcomes. Overall, the associations of student outcomes with teacher quality and instruction quality were found to be weak in all the countries, and there was little variation between the countries. The strongest association observed in all countries was the positive relation between Teacher Support Perceived by Students and Students Like Reading. Further, a positive Working Atmosphere in the Classroom tended to promote Reading Achievement and Students Confident in Reading. Teacher’s Specialization in reading and the language of the test was positively associated with Teacher’s Self-Efficacy in teaching reading, which in turn was related to measures of instructional quality. The implications for practice are discussed.
Will extended field-of-view PET/CT depopulate the graveyard of failed PET radiopharmaceuticals?
Authors: de Vries E. F. J. , Elsinga P. H. , Tsoumpas C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWith the rapid emergence of extended Field-of-View PET-cameras several new applications for radiopharmaceuticals become within reach. Main reason is the significant increase of the sensitivity of the PET-camera so that much less radioactivity can be administered. Issues that that hampered development or use of PET-radiopharmaceuticals become realistic again. Molar activity requirements can become less strict. New low-yielding radiochemistry methods may become applicable. Carbon-11 labelled compounds can revive and potentially be shipped to nearby PET-facilities. PET-radiopharmaceuticals with slow kinetics in comparison to their half life can still be used. As additional infrastructure and equipment will likely remain unchanged and keep the same sensitivity therefore there will be issues with kinetic modelling requiring analysis of plasma or metabolites samples with lower count rate. Besides the potential revival of failed radiopharmaceuticals, novel challenges are ahead to develop novel radiochemistry based on thus far unsuitable (low yielding or time consuming) reactions.
Petrogenetic history and melt inclusion characteristics of mantle plume-derived ijolites from NE India: implications for multistage crystallization and occurrence of “nano-calciocarbonatites”
Authors: Choudhary Shubham , Sen Koushik , Rana Shruti , Kumar Santosh 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe Sung Valley ultramafic–alkaline–carbonatite complex (UACC) of Meghalaya, NE, India, is a result of magmatic activity related to the Kerguelen mantle plume spanning from 101 to 115 Ma. In the present study, an integrated crystal size distribution (CSD), mineral chemistry, and melt inclusion analysis are carried out on the ijolites present within this UACC. The CSD analysis shows that these ijolites were formed in multiple stages through changes in the crystallization environment, such as cooling and nucleation rates. Raman spectroscopy of mineral inclusions of rutile, aphthitalite, apatite, carbonate–silicate melt inclusions, and disordered graphite within clinopyroxene and titanite, respectively, indicates a heterogeneous composition of the parental magma. These mineral and melt inclusion phases further suggest localized changes in oxygen fugacity (fO2) due to redox reactions in the lower crust. SEM–EDX analysis of the exposed melt inclusions reveals the presence of alkali-bearing diopside, phlogopite, and andradite, along with an unidentified carbonated silicate daughter phase. The studied melt inclusions are dominated by carbonate, whereas silicates are subordinate. The presence of this fully crystallized carbonate–silicate melt as calcite, diopside, phlogopite, magnetite, apatite, and andradite suggests the presence of “nano-calciocarbonatites” in these ijolites. Our study provides insights into different mechanisms of the loss of alkalies from initially entrapped alkaline carbonate melt in clinopyroxenes. The predominant occurrence of calcite as the only carbonate phase in the studied melt inclusions is a result of silicate–carbonate melt immiscibility, calcite-normative system in these inclusions, dealkalization of the alkaline carbonates in the presence of external fluid, and/or redistribution of the alkalies to the daughter alkali-bearing silicates.
SARS-CoV-2-related cardiovascular complications in the tropics
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Mehri Sounira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOne of the organs affected by SARS-CoV-2 is the heart. Cardiac manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 include acute coronary syndrome, endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis with pericardial effusion, heart failure, Takotsubo syndrome, arrhythmias, intra-ventricular thrombus formation, and cardiogenic shock. If COVID-19 patients present with cardiac complications, they require thorough cardiologic work-up, including coronary angiography if myocardial infarction or Takotsubo syndrome is suspected. Since patients with prosthetic valves and those carrying devises are prone to experience cardiac complications from a SARS-CoV-2 infection, they require particular attention and surveillance. If myocarditis is suspected, the diagnosis should be established by cardiac MRI with contrast medium or endo-myocardial biopsy.
Traditional detoxification of wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) tuber in chips processing at East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Estiasih Teti , Ahmadi Kgs. , Sari Irawati Nur Indah , Kuliahsari Dessy Eka , Martati Erryana 
Published: December 2022

AbstractDioscoreaceae or yam is a family of tuber that comprises many members with variability in utilization and their intensity of consumption. This family has wide variability and is used not only as food but also for medical purposes due to their bioactive compounds. One of the Dioscoreaceae family is wild yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst), rich in carbohydrates but has an obstacle of high cyanide level. Historically, along with cassava, wild yam is the staple food in some places in Indonesia. There is a long history of traditional detoxification methods of wild yam with slightly different steps among different places. The shifting of staple food to rice excludes wild yam consumption. One of the remaining products from wild yam is chips. Wild yam chips are a traditional snack that is also produced by traditional detoxification. This paper is aimed to review the scientific basis for each step in traditional wild yam chips processing to remove cyanogenic compounds. This review was based on the observations of traditional wild yam tuber chip processing and unstructured interview with the wild yam tuber chip maker at 6 locations in East Java, Indonesia. Relevant literature was used to explain the scientific basis of the detoxification methods based on the definite inclusion and exclusion criteria. Also, the variability of processing methods was compared among different locations. In general, the steps of traditional detoxification during wild yam tuber chips processing are slicing the peeled wild yam tubers, mixing with the rubbing ash, pressing, drying, soaking, boiling/steaming, and sun drying. Slicing, rubbing, and pressing in chips processing is aimed to convert cyanogenic glycoside into acetone cyanohydrin. The alkaline pH due to ash rubbing makes spontaneous decomposition of acetone cyanohydrin into HCN. HCN is easily removed by dissolution and heating (drying and steaming/boiling). Thermal treatment also spontaneously decomposes cyanohydrin into free HCN. All of the cyanogenic compounds are water-soluble which soaking and washing are aimed to remove all compounds. Consecutive, complicated, and time-consuming processing completely removes cyanogenic compounds and produces safe wild yam tuber chips. The key finding of this review is the purpose of every step in wild yam tuber detoxification has a scientific basis to reduce cyanogenic compounds gradually. This process produces a very low cyanide level in the final product. In conclusion, traditional detoxication reduces cyanogenic compounds to a safe level.
Board of directors and earnings manipulation: evidence from regulatory change
Authors: Khan Sattar , Kamal Yasir , Abbas Muhammad , Hussain Shahid 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the board of directors’ related clauses such as independence, female director, CEO Duality and the expertise of director included in the Code of Corporate Governance 2017 (CCG-2017) on earnings management with the pre- and post-CCG-2017 analysis. This study has used the sample of 323 non-financial listed firms of the Pakistan Stock Exchange from 2015 to 2019. Data were manually collected from companies’ annual reports, and two proxies of earnings management have used: one is discretionary accruals and the other is real activity manipulation. The results of the study show that as compared to the pre-period of CCG-2017 in the post-period of CCG-2017 board independence, expertise and female inclusion has increased significantly. Moreover, board independence and financially expert directors are negatively related to discretionary accruals, while there is a positive relationship of female directors with discretionary accruals, which is also same for real activity manipulation. The findings also show that there is no relationship of board independence/outside directors and expert directors with real activity manipulation. This study recommended the CCG-2017 reforms introduced by the regulator. Moreover, we recommend that the regulator needs to augment the authentic independence of independent/outside directors in listed firms (concentrated ownership context) of Pakistan. This study adds its part in the corporate governance literature by focusing board attributes with regulatory reforms on earnings manipulation, which is lacking in the related literature in general and in Pakistan an emerging economy in particular.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the cheek: a case presentation
Authors: Abdelhamid Ahmed S. , Elzayat Saad , Essa Ahmed A. , Elsherief Hossam , Amer Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background

Pleomorphic adenoma, also known as a benign mixed tumor, is the most common salivary gland tumor. The parotid gland accounts for 90% of the total, with the minor salivary glands accounting for 10%. Buccal minor salivary glands pleomorphic adenoma is extremely rare. It manifests as a painless, firm, slow-growing mass in most cases.

Case presentation
A pleomorphic adenoma in the buccal minor salivary glands was discovered in an adult 43-year-old female patient treated with wide surgical resection. A literature review of the PA of the cheek is stated.

Conclusion
In the differential diagnosis of cheek masses, pleomorphic adenoma should be scrutinized. The remedy of choice is wide local excision with at least a 5-year follow-up.
Acoustic and videoendoscopic effects of temporary vocal fold augmentation in an office-based setting: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Sabry Yasmine , Kinnari Teemu , Ashry Yehia , Naguib Maged , Geneid Ahmed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Vocal-fold augmentation is a continuously developing treatment modality for glottic insufficiency. Patients with glottic insufficiency attend the phoniatrics clinics with increasing frequency. Glottic insufficiency may be due to vocal-fold paralysis, paresis, atrophy, sulcus vocalis, scarring, and vocal-fold deficiency after laryngeal surgery. A variety of materials exist for injection augmentation. This follow-up study aimed to assess the short-term as well as long-term outcomes of vocal-fold injection with calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) in patients with glottic gap 1–3 mm.

Method
This study included 25 patients with glottic insufficiency who underwent injection augmentation with CaHA. All patients were scheduled for voice evaluation using a comprehensive subjective and objective battery of assessments. Assessments were performed before the procedure and after the procedure at 2 months and at 1 year.

Results
Perceptual voice quality assessed with the GRBAS scale improved and the results were stable after 1 year. Shimmer and HNR improved continuously through the follow-up sessions, while jitter and f0 showed slight improvement after CaHA injection.

Conclusion
Voice improvement after injection of CaHA requires a minimum of 2 months to develop and may last for a long period.
TGF-beta signal transduction: biology, function and therapy for diseases
Authors: Tie Yan , Tang Fan , Peng Dandan , Zhang Ye , Shi Huashan 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a crucial cytokine that get increasing concern in recent years to treat human diseases. This signal controls multiple cellular responses during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis through canonical and/or noncanonical signaling pathways. Dysregulated TGF-β signal plays an essential role in contributing to fibrosis via promoting the extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor progression via inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, and neovascularization at the advanced stage of cancer. Besides, the dysregulation of TGF-beta signal also involves in other human diseases including anemia, inflammatory disease, wound healing and cardiovascular disease et al. Therefore, this signal is proposed to be a promising therapeutic target in these diseases. Recently, multiple strategies targeting TGF-β signals including neutralizing antibodies, ligand traps, small-molecule receptor kinase inhibitors targeting ligand–receptor signaling pathways, antisense oligonucleotides to disrupt the production of TGF-β at the transcriptional level, and vaccine are under evaluation of safety and efficacy for the forementioned diseases in clinical trials. Here, in this review, we firstly summarized the biology and function of TGF-β in physiological and pathological conditions, elaborated TGF-β associated signal transduction. And then, we analyzed the current advances in preclinical studies and clinical strategies targeting TGF-β signal transduction to treat diseases.
Laboratory Result Reference Ranges Stratified for Patient-Reported Sex and Ethnicity Are More Closely Associated With Postoperative Outcomes Than Currently Used Reference Ranges: A Retrospective Data Analysis
Authors: Hofer Ira S. , Lee Andrew , Grogan Tristan , Lucero Jennifer , Cannesson Maxime 
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND:
A single laboratory range for all individuals may fail to take into account underlying physiologic differences based on sex and genetic factors. We hypothesized that laboratory distributions differ based on self-reported sex and ethnicity and that ranges stratified by these factors better correlate with postoperative mortality and acute kidney injury (AKI).

METHODS:
Results from metabolic panels, complete blood counts, and coagulation panels for patients in outpatient encounters were identified from our electronic health record. Patients were grouped based on self-reported sex (2 groups) and ethnicity (6 groups). Stratified ranges were set to be the 2.5th/97.5th percentile for each sex/ethnic group. For patients undergoing procedures, each patient/laboratory result was classified as normal/abnormal using the stratified and nonstratified (traditional) ranges; overlap in the definitions was assessed between the 2 classifications by looking for the percentage of agreement in result classifications of normal/abnormal using the 2 methods. To assess which definitions of normal are most associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, the odds ratio (OR) for each outcome/laboratory result pair was assessed, and the frequency that the confidence intervals of ORs for the stratified versus nonstratified range did not overlap was examined.

RESULTS:
Among the 300 unique combinations (race × sex × laboratory type), median proportion overlap (meaning patient was either “normal” or “abnormal” for both methodologies) was 0.86 [q1, 0.80; q3, 0.89]. All laboratory results except 6 overlapped at least 80% of the time. The frequency of overlap did not differ among the racial/ethnic groups. In cases where the ORs were different, the stratified range was better associated with both AKI and mortality (P < .001). There was no trend of bias toward any specific sex/ethnic group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Baseline “normal” laboratory values differ across sex and ethnic groups, and ranges stratified by these groups are better associated with postoperative AKI and mortality as compared to the standard reference ranges.
Mathematical modeling of HIV-HCV co-infection model: Impact of parameters on reproduction number
Authors: Abiodun Oluwakemi E. , Adebimpe Olukayode , Ndako James A. , Oludoun Olajumoke , Aladeitan Benedicta , Adeniyi Michael 
Published: December 2022

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are both classified as blood-borne viruses since they are transmitted through contact with contaminated blood. Approximately 1.3 million of the 2.75 million global HIV/HCV carriers are people who inject drugs (PWID). HIV co-infection has a harmful effect on the progression of HCV, resulting in greater rates of HCV persistence after acute infection, higher viral levels, and accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and end-stage liver disease. In this study, we developed and investigated a mathematical model for the dynamical behavior of HIV/AIDS and HCV co-infection, which includes therapy for both diseases, vertical transmission in HIV cases, unawareness and awareness of HIV infection, inefficient HIV treatment follow-up, and efficient condom use. Methods: Positivity and boundedness of the model under investigation were established using well-known theorems. The equilibria were demonstrated by bringing all differential equations to zero. The associative reproduction numbers for mono-infected and dual-infected models were calculated using the next-generation matrix approach. The local and global stabilities of the models were validated using the linearization and comparison theorem and the negative criterion techniques of bendixson and dulac, respectively. Results: The growing prevalence of HIV treatment dropout in each compartment of the HIV model led to a reduction in HIV on treatment compartments while other compartments exhibited an increase in populations. In dually infected patients, treating HCV first reduces co-infection reproduction number Rech, which reduces liver cancer risk. Conclusions: From the model's results, we infer various steps (such as: campaigns to warn individuals about the consequences of having multiple sexual partners; distributing more condoms to individuals; continuing treatment for chronic HCV and AIDS) that policymakers could take to reduce the number of mono-infected and co-infected individuals.