bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating clinical development of a live attenuated vaccine againstSalmonellaParatyphi A (VASP): study protocol for an observer-participant-blind randomised control trial of a novel oral vaccine using a human challenge model ofSalmonellaParatyphi A infection in healthy adult volunteers
Authors: McCann Naina , Emary Katherine , Singh Nisha , Mclean Florence , Camara Susana , Jones Elizabeth , Kim Young Chan , Liu Xinxue , Greenland Melanie , Conlin Kerry , Hill Jennifer , Verheul Marije , Robinson Hannah , Angus Brian , Ramasamy Maheshi N , Levine Myron M , Pollard Andrew J 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionThis is the first efficacy study of an oral live attenuated vaccine againstSalmonellaParatyphi A using a human challenge model of paratyphoid infection.S. Paratyphi A is responsible for 3.3 million cases of enteric fever every year, with over 19 000 deaths. Although improvements to sanitation and access to clean water are vital to reduce the burden of this condition, vaccination offers a cost-effective, medium-term solution. Efficacy trials of potentialS. Paratyphi vaccine candidates in the field are unlikely to be feasible given the large number of participants required. Human challenge models therefore offer a unique, cost-effective solution to test efficacy of such vaccines.Methods and analysisThis is an observer-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial phase I/II of the oral live-attenuated vaccine againstS. Paratyphi A, CVD 1902. Volunteers will be randomised 1:1 to receive two doses of CVD 1902 or placebo, 14 days apart. One month following second vaccination all volunteers will ingestS. Paratyphi A bacteria with a bicarbonate buffer solution. They will be reviewed daily in the following 14 days and diagnosed with paratyphoid infection if the predefined microbiological or clinical diagnostic criteria are met. All participants will be treated with antibiotics on diagnosis, or at day 14 postchallenge if not diagnosed. The vaccine efficacy will be determined by comparing the relative attack rate, that is, the proportion of those diagnosed with paratyphoid infection, in the vaccine and placebo groups.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for this study has been obtained from the Berkshire Medical Research Ethics Committee (REC ref 21/SC/0330). The results will be disseminated via publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at international conferences.Trial registration numberISRCTN15485902.
Impact of vitamin C on the reduction of opioid consumption after an emergency department visit for acute musculoskeletal pain: a double-blind randomised control trial protocol
Authors: Daoust Raoul , Paquet Jean , Chauny Jean-Marc , Williamson David , Huard Vérilibe , Arbour Caroline , Emond Marcel , Rouleau Dominique , Cournoyer Alexis 
Published: May 2023

IntroductionRecent evidence has shown that vitamin C has some analgesic properties in addition to its antioxidant effect and can, therefore, reduce opioid use during recovery time. Vitamin C analgesic effect has been explored mostly during short-term postoperative context or in disease-specific chronic pain prevention, but never after acute musculoskeletal injuries, which are often seen in the emergency department (ED). The protocol’s primary aim is to compare the total morphine 5 mg pills consumed during a 2-week follow-up between patients receiving vitamin C or a placebo after ED discharge for an acute musculoskeletal pain complaint.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a two-centre double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial with 464 participants distributed in two arms, one group receiving 1000 mg of vitamin C two times a day for 14 days and another one receiving a placebo. Participants will be ≥18 years of age, treated in ED for acute musculoskeletal pain present for less than 2 weeks and discharged with an opioid prescription for home pain management. Total morphine 5 mg pills consumed during the 2-week follow-up will be assessed via an electronic (or paper) diary. In addition, patients will report their daily pain intensity, pain relief, side effects and other types of pain medication or other non-pharmacological approach used. Three months after the injury, participants will also be contacted to evaluate chronic pain development. We hypothesised that vitamin C, compared with a placebo, will reduce opioid consumption during a 14-day follow-up for ED discharged patients treated for acute musculoskeletal pain.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from the Ethics Review Committee from the ‘Comité d'éthique de la recherche du CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal (No 2023–2442)’. Findings will be disseminated through scientific conferences and peer-reviewed journal publication. The data sets generated during the study will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Trial registration numberNCT05555576ClinicalTrials.Gov PRS.
Models, theoretical design and formal evaluation of integrated specialist community health service provision for the first 2000 days: a scoping review
Authors: Nelson Helen Jean , Angus Bethany , Munns Ailsa , Ong Sarah , Burns Sharyn 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveThis scoping review identifies evidence for design, models and evaluation of integrated care service provision for families and children in the first 2000 days, in the context of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services.DesignScoping review following the Joanna Briggs scoping review method.Data sourcesMedline, CINAHL, Cochrane and PsycINFO. Grey literature used a manual search of original articles, and snowball technique to identify government and policy documents relevant to Australia.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion criteria were ‘population’ of prebirth to age 5; ‘concept’ of design, models and delivery of integrated specialist care for children and families; and ‘context’ of community-based specialised health, education and welfare services. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and free text searches were conducted in electronic database sources. Limits January 2010 to October 2022, full text, English language, human.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted independently by two authors using a piloted data extraction table and presented in table and narrative form.ResultsFull text of 11 articles were reviewed, domains were coded using four domains of a framework identified in one reviewed article to maintain consistency of reporting; ‘governance,’ ‘leadership,’ ‘organisational culture and ethos,’ and ‘front-line interdisciplinary practice.’ A fifth domain was identified, ‘access.’ConclusionsServices providing integrated care for families in the early years will ideally be based on values generated through codesign with families and the community. Considerations include sound governance and leadership, shared vision, and commitment to providing accessible and culturally safe family-centred care.
On- and off-center helium atom in a spherical multilayer quantum dot with parabolic confinement
Authors: Morcillo-Arencibia Milagros F. , Alcaraz-Pelegrina José Manuel , Sarsa Antonio J. , Randazzo Juan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe ground state energy of a helium atom inside a spherical multilayer quantum dot as a function of the atomic impurity location inside the quantum dot has been calculated. The multilayer quantum dot is modeled by a core/shell/well/shell structure using a parabolic confinement. The Configuration Interaction method and the Diffusion Monte Carlo have been used to solve the Schrödinger equation. Results obtained showed that the lowest energy configuration depends on the size of the different layers of the quantum dot and agreement between Configuration Interaction and Diffusion Monte Carlo results indicates that the Configuration Interaction approach used here would be suitable to compute excited states of this system.
Graphical abstract
Maximal models up to the first measurable in ZFC
Authors: Baldwin John T. , Shelah Saharon 
Published: May 2023

Theorem: There is a complete sentence [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] has maximal models in a set of cardinals [Formula: see text] that is cofinal in the first measurable [Formula: see text] while [Formula: see text] has no maximal models in any [Formula: see text].
Visual Storytelling and Narrative Experiences in Extended Reality: Guest Editors’ Introduction
Authors: Szita Kata , Lo Cheng Hung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality technologies offer unparalleled opportunities for embodied presence in immersive digital environments. While these platforms are primarily discussed regarding their technological capabilities for simulating fictional scenes or enabling interactions with virtual entities, their profound implications on storytelling and narrative comprehension remain underexplored. The narrative dimension is instrumental as factors like interactivity, stereoscopic displays, and user mobility define what details become available and in what sequence, generating each user's unique vantage point and experience. In order to address the limited theoretical and methodological accounts on immersive virtual storytelling, this special issue brings together multidisciplinary perspectives spanning engineering, psychology, neuroscience, anthropology, and digital activism. With the proposed novel conceptual frameworks, technologies, applications, and inclusivity initiatives, the contributions examine immersive visual narratives in an expansive manner. Thereby, this special issue aims to provide a novel understanding of how virtual, augmented, and mixed reality platforms can be leveraged to craft and experience narratives in profoundly immersive ways. By providing insights into how immersive qualities transform narrative comprehension, this special issue advances our knowledge of the complex relationship between story, technology, and the human experience.
The Role of Water Vapor and Temperature in the Thermodynamics of Tropical Northeast Pacific and African Easterly Waves
Authors: Vargas Martes Rosa M. , Adames Corraliza Ángel F. , Mayta Víctor C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The thermodynamic processes associated with convection in tropical African and northeastern Pacific easterly waves (AEWs and PEWs, respectively) are examined on the basis of empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) and a plume buoyancy framework. Linear regression analysis reveals the relationship between temperature, moisture, buoyancy, and precipitation in EWs. Plume buoyancy is found to be highly correlated with rainfall in both AEWs and PEWs, and a near 1:1 relationship is found between a buoyancy-based diagnostic of rainfall and rainfall rates from ERA5. Close inspection of the contribution of moisture and temperature to plume buoyancy reveals that temperature and moisture contribute roughly equally to the buoyancy in AEWs, while moisture dominates the distribution of buoyancy in PEWs. A scale analysis is performed in order to understand the relative amplitudes of temperature and moisture in easterly waves. It is found that the smaller contribution of temperature to the thermodynamics of PEWs relative to AEWs is related to their slower propagation speed, which allows PEWs to more robustly adjust to weak temperature gradient (WTG) balance. The consistency of the buoyancy analysis and the scale analysis indicates that PEWs are moisture modes: waves in which water vapor plays a dominant role in their thermodynamics. AEWs, on the other hand, are mixed waves in which temperature and moisture play similar roles in their thermodynamics.
Outdoor Sport in Extreme Heat: Capturing the Personal Experiences of Elite Athletes
Authors: Sambrook Kate , Russell Sally , Okan Yasmina , Konstantinidis Emmanouil 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Heat stress from the environment can be detrimental to athletes’ health and performance. No research, however, has explored how elite athletes conceptualize and experience heatwaves and climate change. Utilizing a qualitative approach, this study examined elite athletes’ perceptions, experiences, and responses to extreme heat in relation to climate change and explored the use of their platforms for climate activism. Fourteen elite athletes from the United Kingdom, Australia, the United States, Sweden, and Canada, who represented 10 different sports including race walking, netball, and cricket were recruited using snowball sampling. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed four broad themes. The first theme reflected uncertainty surrounding the causes of heatwaves and the impact of heat on athlete health and performance. The second theme reflected care and concern for sport and society, including concern for the well-being of athletes and spectators, the impact of heat on facilities and participation at the grassroots level, and how the nature of sport may change in the future. The third theme referred to the implications of heatwave experience on athlete health and performance, and how experience affected individual and organizational preparedness. The fourth theme referred to enablers and barriers to successful climate change communication. This study contributes to the sport ecology literature by introducing the subjective heat experiences of elite athletes. Educating athletes and event organizers about the impacts of heat on sport participation is imperative to increase awareness and, it is hoped, to limit illness for those training and competing.
The Impact of Smoking History on Outcomes and Morbidity After Robotic Hepatectomy
Authors: Sucandy Iswanto , Ross Sharona , Patel Niritta , App Samantha , Ignatius Joshua , Syblis Cameron , Crespo Kaitlyn , Butano Vincent , Rosemurgy Alexander 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The detrimental effects that smoking has on patient health and postoperative morbidity are well documented. However, literature on the impact that smoking history has on robotic surgery, specifically robotic hepatectomy, is scarce. This study was undertaken to determine whether smoking history impacts the postoperative course of patients undergoing robotic hepatectomy. Methods We prospectively followed 353 patients that underwent robotic hepatectomy. 125 patients had an apposite history of smoking (ie, smokers) and 228 patients were classified as non-smokers. Data were presented as median (mean ± SD). Patients were then propensity-score matched based on patient and tumor characteristics. Results Prior to the matching, the MELD score and cirrhosis status in patients who smoke were found to be significantly higher when compared to those who do not (mean MELD score 9 vs 8 and cirrhosis in 25% vs 13% of patients, respectively). Both smokers and non-smokers have similar BMIs, number of previous abdominal operations, ASA physical status classifications, and Child-Pugh scores. Six percent smokers vs one percent non-smokers experienced pulmonary complications (pneumonia, pneumothorax, and COPD exacerbation) (P = .02). No differences were found for postoperative complications of Clavien-Dindo score ≥ III, 30-day mortality, or 30-day readmissions. After the matching, no differences were found between the smokers and the non-smokers. Conclusion After a propensity-score match analysis, smoking did not appear to negatively affect the intra- and postoperative outcomes after robotic liver resections. We believe that the robotic approach as the most modern minimally invasive technique in liver resection may have the potential to mitigate the known adverse effects of smoking.
Self-reported suicidal behaviours and associated factors in the general population of Latvia (2010–2018)
Authors: Mieze Krista , Kivite-Urtane Anda , Grinberga Daiga , Velika Biruta , Pudule Iveta , Rancans Elmars 
Published: May 2023

Background: Latvia has the second highest suicide rate in the European Union – with a total population age-standardized suicide rate of 16.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. Aims: We aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of self-reported suicidal behaviours in Latvia and determine the associated sociodemographic and health-related factors. Methods: This study was based on secondary data obtained from the Health Behaviour Among Latvian Adult Population survey. A representative sample of the general population was used, aged 15 to 64 years in 2010, 2012, 2014; and 15 to 74 years in 2016 and 2018 ( n = 16,084). Respondents were asked to report the occurrence of life weariness, death wishes, suicidal ideation, suicidal plans and suicide attempts during the previous year. We assessed socio-demographics and health-related factors associated with suicidality. We performed univariate analysis and constructed stepwise multivariate logistic regression models. Results: In 2010 to 2018, 15.6% of responders reported some type of suicidal behaviour (95% CI [15.1, 16.2]). Sociodemographic factors – including non-cohabitation status and Latvian nationality – were associated with mild (life-weariness and death wishes) and serious (suicidal ideation, plans to commit suicide, suicide attempts) types of behaviour. Older age was associated with mild suicidal behaviours, whereas lower educational levels were associated with serious suicidal behaviours. Diagnosed depression, self-reported depression, self-reported anxiety, stress, low mood, alcohol intake habits with heavy drinking episodes (less than monthly, monthly and weekly), perceived health as average or below average, disuse of primary health services were associated with mild and serious types of suicidal behaviour. Current smoking status and absenteeism were associated with mild suicidal behaviour types. Self-reported insomnia, having at least two somatic diagnoses, occasional smoking status, absenteeism with 11 or more days in the last year, receiving disability pension were associated with serious suicidal behaviour types. Musculoskeletal diseases exhibited preventive effects. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that certain groups of individuals might exhibit greater vulnerability to suicidality.
Polyurethane foams co-blown by water and alkylated polyethylenimine-CO2 adducts: An additive or antagonistic effect?
Authors: Li Zhaojian , Liu Jianqiao , Xie Xingyi 
Published: May 2023

Recently developed CO2 adducts of alkylated polyethylenimines (PEIs) can replace traditional, ozone-depleting, and/or global warming halogen-containing blowing agents of polyurethanes (PUs). Meanwhile, water is the most common chemical blowing agent that is cheap and also environment neutral. Herein, the co-blowing performances of the two types of blowing agents were investigated. For the polyether polyol or castor oil derived polyol foaming systems, which were blended just before foaming, the consequent co-blown foams surprisingly did not possess lower densities than the control foams blown solely by water, showing an antagonistic effect in blowing performance. The relatively large particles (e.g. tens of micrometers) of the hydrophilic PEI-CO2 blowing agents absorbed water from the foaming mixtures, preventing the trapped water from chemically blowing PUs. After the foams were set, the absorbed water gradually diffused out to react with the residual isocyanate groups, which no longer contributed to PU foaming. Differently, after aging the castor oil derived polyol foaming mixtures (without water and isocyanate components that were added before PU foaming), the dispersed PEI-CO2 particles decreased in size down to nanoscale (about 20–180 nm). These nanoparticles were small enough for out-diffusion of the absorbed water, which generated foaming CO2 in time. The densities of the resultant foams could be lowered to the theoretical values. The additive effect with water could enhance the application freedom of the climate-friendly alkylated PEI-CO2 blowing agents.
A comparison of the chemiluminescence immunoassay and Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test in detecting anti-dsDNA antibodies and assessing the activity of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: He Shiyi , Wu Xiaoning , Li Limin , Jiang Kongmei , He Qitian , Xie Li 
Published: May 2023

Objectives This study aimed to compare the YHLO chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) with the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence test (CLIFT) to detect anti-dsDNA antibodies and its correlation with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Method In total, 208 patients diagnosed with SLE, 110 other autoimmune patients, 70 infectious disorders patients, and 105 healthy people were enrolled in this study. Serum samples were tested using CLIA in a YHLO chemiluminescence system and CLIFT. Results The overall agreement between YHLO CLIA and CLIFT was 76.9% (160/208), with a moderate correlation (kappa = 0.530, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of YHLO CLIA and CLIFT were 58.2% and 55.3%, respectively. The specificity of YHLO CLIA and CLIFT were 95.1% and 99.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of YHLO CLIA was increased to 66.8% with a specificity of 93.6% when the cut-off value was set at 24 IU/mL. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the quantitative results of YHLO CLIA and the titers of CLIFT was 0.59 ( p < .01). A significant correlation was found between the anti-dsDNA results detected by YHLO CLIA and the SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K). Spearman’s correlation coefficient between YHLO CLIA and SLEDAI-2K (r = 0.66, p < .01) was higher than that of CLIFT (r = 0.60, p < .01). Conclusions Good correlation and agreement were found between YHLO CLIA and CLIFT. In addition, there was a significant correlation between YHLO CLIA and the SLE Disease Activity Index, which was superior to that of CLIFT. The YHLO chemiluminescence system is recommended for the assessment of disease activity.
Upper Extremity Wood Saw Injuries: Experience at a Single Level 1 Trauma Center
Authors: Hoffa Matthew T. , Benedick Alex , Simske Jeffrey S. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: May 2023

Background: Saw injuries are common, with more 75 000 occurring each year in the United States alone. While these injuries occur frequently, management strategies are not universally agreed upon, and data regarding outcomes and complications are lacking. We propose to provide a comprehensive picture of upper extremity saw injury patterns, management strategies, complications, and outcomes. Methods: Patients presenting to a single level 1 trauma center between 2012 and2019 with upper extremity laceration, crush, or amputation were identified. In all, 10 721 patients were reviewed, and those without wood saw injuries were excluded. Patient demographic information, injury details, management strategy, and outcomes were collected. Results: In all, 283 upper extremity wood saw injuries were analyzed. Injuries most commonly affected the fingers (92.2%), and the frequencies of simple lacerations and complicated injuries were nearly identical. The table saw was the most commonly implicated saw (48%) with more than half of the injuries being complicated, the most common being bone injury. Most patients were treated nonsurgically (81.3%), with the majority undergoing wound care in the emergency department followed by home antibiotics (68.2%). Subsequent complications were exceedingly rare (4.2%), with wound infection occurring in 5 patients. Amputations occurred in 19.4% of patients, leading to permanent functional impairment. Conclusions: Wood saw injuries are common, generating functional and financial burden. While injuries range in severity, management can typically be conducted within the emergency department with local wound care and outpatient oral antibiotics. Injury complications and long-term issues are rare. Ongoing efforts to promote saw safety are required to minimize the burden of these injuries.