bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lost in Translation: Impact of Language Barriers and Facilitators on the Health Care of Asian Americans Living with HIV
Authors: Chen Wei-Ti , Sun Wenxiu , Huang Feifei , Shiu Cheng-Shi , Kim Boram , Candelario Jury , Toma Lance , Wu Gilbert , Ah-Yune Judy 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLanguage barriers are major obstacles that Asian American immigrants face when accessing health care in the USA. This study was conducted to explore the impact of language barriers and facilitators on the health care of Asian Americans. Qualitative, in-depth interviews and quantitative surveys were conducted with 69 Asian Americans (Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Malaysian, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and mixed Asian backgrounds) living with HIV (AALWH) in three urban areas (New York, San Francisco, and Los Angeles) in 2013 and from 2017 to 2020. The quantitative data indicate that language ability is negatively associated with stigma. Major themes emerged related to communication, including the impact of language barriers on HIV care and the positive impact of language facilitators—family members/friends, case managers, or interpreters—who can communicate with healthcare providers in the AALWH’s native language. Language barriers negatively impact access to HIV-related services and thus result in decreased adherence to antiretroviral therapy, increased unmet healthcare needs, and increased HIV-related stigma. Language facilitators enhanced the connection between AALWH and the healthcare system by facilitating their engagement with health care providers. Language barriers experienced by AALWH not only impact their healthcare decisions and treatment choices but also increase levels of external stigma which may influence the process of acculturation to the host country. Language facilitators and barriers to health services for AALWH represent a target for future interventions in this population.
Multilayer Graphene-Coated Silicon Carbide Nanowire Formation Under Defocused Laser Irradiation
Authors: Minami Kanon , Kobinata Kyosuke , Yan Jiwang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGraphene-coated silicon carbide (SiC@C) core–shell nanostructures have attracted attention in the fields of energy storage and nanoelectronics. In this study, multilayer graphene-coated silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires were obtained through the laser irradiation of a mixture target of graphite powder and silicon (Si) grinding sludge discharged from Si wafer manufacturing. Laser irradiation was performed using an ytterbium (Yb) fiber pulsed laser with a pulse width of 10 ms and a wavelength of 1070 nm with various defocus distances. The effect of laser defocusing on the morphology of the generated nanostructures was investigated. Results showed that nanowires were produced under the defocused conditions, and nanoparticles were observed at the on-focus position. The products obtained under all defocused conditions showed a core–shell structure, and the SiC nanowires were covered by graphene layers. The aspect ratio of the nanowires increased with the defocus distance. Observation of the laser-induced plume using a high-speed camera showed that when the laser was defocused, the plume propagation speed slowed down, and the shape of the plume changed to a swirling vortex. The nanowire formation was closely related to the propagation speed and shape variation of the plume. This successful production of SiC@C core–shell nanowires from Si waste opens up the possibility of the sustainable development of new materials for energy storage and nanoelectronics.
Evaluating mechanism and inconsistencies in hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil using newly proposed biochar conductivity factor
Authors: Garg Ankit , Zhu Hong-Hu , Sarmah Ajit K. , Mei Guoxiong , Gadi Vinay Kumar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the past few decades, numerous studies have been conducted to promote the use of biochar as a soil amendment and most recently, for compacted geo-engineered soils. In general, the definite trends of biochar effects on water retention and fertility of soils have been confirmed. However, the biochar effects on hydraulic conductivity, particularly unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of soil-biochar mix remain unclear, making it difficult to understand water seepage in both agricultural and geo-engineered infrastructures in semi-arid regions. This study examines the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function derived based on the measurements of soil water characteristic curves of soil with biochar contents of 0%, 5% and 10%. A new parameter “biochar conductivity factor (BCF)” is proposed to evaluate the inconsistency in reported biochar effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and to interpret it from various mechanisms (inter- and intra- pore space filling, cracking, aggregation, bio-film formation and piping/internal erosion). The impact of biochar content on unsaturated hydraulic conductivity appears to reduce as the soil becomes drier with minimal effect in residual zone. Qualitative comparison of near-saturated hydraulic conductivity with test results in the literature showed that the BCF is generally higher for smaller ratio of sand to fine content (clay and silt). Moreover, the particle size of biochar may have significant influence on soil permeability. Future scope of research has been highlighted with respect to biochar production for its applications in agriculture and geo-environmental engineering. Long term effects such as root decay and growth, aggregation and nutrient supply need to be considered.
Graphical Abstract
Acute toxicity assessment of nine organic UV filters using a set of biotests
Authors: Marcin Stec , Aleksander Astel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUV filters in environmental compartments are a source of concern related to their ecotoxicological effects. However, little is known about UV filters’ toxicity, particularly those released into the environment as mixtures. Acute toxicity of nine organic UV filters benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor, octocrylene, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, homosalate, and butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane was determined. UV filter solutions were tested as single, binary, and ternary mixtures of various compositions. Single solutions were tested using a set of bio tests, including tests on saline crustaceans (Artemia franciscana), freshwater crustaceans (Daphnia magna), marine bacteria (Aliivibrio fischeri), and freshwater plants (Lemna minor). The tests represent different stages of the trophic chain, and hence their overall results could be used to risk assessment concerning various water reservoirs. The toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures was analyzed using the standardized Microtox® method. Generally, organic UV filters were classified as acutely toxic. Octocrylene was the most toxic for Arthemia franciscana (LC50 = 0.55 mg L–1) and Daphnia magna (EC50 = 2.66–3.67 mg L–1). The most toxic against freshwater plants were homosalate (IC50 = 1.46 mg L–1) and octocrylene (IC50 = 1.95 mg L–1). Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EC50 = 1.38–2.16 mg L–1) was the most toxic for marine bacteria. The least toxic for crustaceans and plants were benzophenone-1 (EC50 = 6.15–46.78 mg L–1) and benzophenone-2 (EC50 = 14.15–54.30 mg L–1), while 4-methoxy benzylidene camphor was the least toxic for marine bacteria (EC50 = 12.97–15.44 mg L–1). Individual species differ in their sensitivity to the tested organic UV filters. An assessment of the toxicity of mixtures indicates high and acute toxicity to marine bacteria after exposition to a binary mixture of benzophenone-2 with octocrylene, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, or homosalate. The toxicity of mixtures was lower than single solutions predicting antagonistic interaction between chemicals.
Graphical abstract
Teaching Difficult Stories: Trauma-Informed Teaching in the Classics Classroom
Authors: Swallow Peter 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvery textbook has its strengths, and each its own quirks and idiosyncrasies. Apart from any pedagogical concerns about the old Cambridge Latin Course textbook series, for example, was the question of how it represented problematic aspects of the ancient world, such as the role of women and the institution of slavery (see Hunt, 2016). The de Romanis Latin course (Radice et al., 2020a and 2020b), which we use at my school at Key Stage 3, takes a much more detached approach to the teaching of Roman culture, presenting its reading exercises as individual stories grouped around each chapter's centralised theme rather than as a narrative told from the perspective of one group of fictionalised characters. But difficult subjects still arise and need to be handled sensitively by the teacher – particularly given the age group (11–14) the textbook is aimed at. This paper shows one way in which this might be achieved.
Simulation of Dawn‐To‐Dusk Electric Field in the Jovian Inner Magnetosphere via Region 2‐Like Field‐Aligned Current
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Terada Koichiro , Tao Chihiro , Terada Naoki , Kasaba Yasumasa , Leblanc François , Kita Hajime , Nakamizo Aoi , Yoshikawa Akimasa , Ohtani Shinichi , Tsuchiya Fuminori , Kagitani Masato , Sakanoi Takeshi , Murakami Go , Yoshioka Kazuo , Kimura Tomoki , Yamazaki Atsushi , Yoshikawa Ichiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe presence of the dawn‐to‐dusk electric field of about 4 mV/m in the Jovian inner magnetosphere and its response to the enhancement of the solar wind dynamic pressure are still a mystery of the rotation‐dominated Jovian magnetosphere. Previous studies have suggested that magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling via Region 2‐like (R2‐like) field‐aligned current (FAC) could be the origin of the Jovian dawn‐to‐dusk electric field. This study investigates whether the dawn‐to‐dusk electric field is formed from this scenario by using a Jovian ionosphere model and a two‐dimensional ionospheric potential solver. Our results show that the dawn‐dusk asymmetry in the ionospheric potential form even at middle latitudes and that the dawn‐to‐dusk electric field is induced in the inner magnetosphere if the electric potential is mapped to the magnetospheric equatorial plane. Around the Io orbit, the calculated electric field strength for the ionosphere without meteoroid influx is too large, 200 mV/m at dawn and 88 mV/m at dusk. One of the solutions is to consider long‐lived meteoric ions in the Jovian ionosphere, which reduce the electric field strength to 15 mV/m at dawn and 12 mV/m at dusk. The model also shows that the electric field strength increases with the intensity of R2‐like FAC, consistent with its response to the solar wind dynamic pressure observed by the Hisaki satellite.
Sound Velocity Anisotropy and Single‐Crystal Elastic Moduli of MgO to 43 GPa
Authors: Zhang Xinze , Li Chenhui , Xu Feng , Zhang Jinqiang , Gao Chang , Cheng Zhikang , Wu Ye , Liu Xun , Zerr Andreas , Huang Haijun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeismic anisotropy in the Earth's lower mantle likely results from a combination of elastic anisotropy and lattice preferred orientations of its main constituent minerals. As the second most abundant component of the lower mantle, ferropericlase has been widely studied, and the experimental results demonstrated, in general, a growing with pressure elastic anisotropy up to 1 Mbar. However, the unique measurements on the endmember (MgO) at comparable pressure conditions contradict the above observations and theoretical results. Here, time‐domain Brillouin scattering was applied to measure longitudinal sound velocities in single crystals of MgO compressed in diamond anvil cell. Velocities along two specific crystallographic directions, [100] and [111], were independently collected to 43 GPa. Applying the known bulk modulus, a complete set of single‐crystal elastic moduli, elastic anisotropy and aggregate shear modulus were derived. Our results revealed a steadily increasing with pressure elastic anisotropy at P > 20 GPa, consistent with the previous theoretical predictions and measurements on ferropericlase with moderate amounts of iron.
The Impact of Meteorological Forcing Uncertainty on Hydrological Modeling: A Global Analysis of Cryosphere Basins
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Clark Martyn P. , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Liu Hongli , Gharari Shervan , Arnal Louise , Beck Hylke E. , Wood Andrew W. , Newman Andrew J. , Papalexiou Simon Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMeteorological forcing is a major source of uncertainty in hydrological modeling. The recent development of probabilistic large‐domain meteorological data sets enables convenient uncertainty characterization, which however is rarely explored in large‐domain research. This study analyzes how uncertainties in meteorological forcing data affect hydrological modeling in 289 representative cryosphere basins by forcing the Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternatives (SUMMA) and mizuRoute models with precipitation and air temperature ensembles from the Ensemble Meteorological Data set for Planet Earth (EM‐Earth). EM‐Earth probabilistic estimates are used in ensemble simulation for uncertainty analysis. The results reveal the magnitude, spatial distribution, and scale effect of uncertainties in meteorological, snow, runoff, soil water, and energy variables. There are three main findings. (a) The uncertainties in precipitation and temperature lead to substantial uncertainties in hydrological model outputs, some of which exceed 100% of the magnitude of the output variables themselves. (b) The uncertainties of different variables show distinct scale effects caused by spatial averaging or temporal averaging. (c) Precipitation uncertainties have the dominant impact for most basins and variables, while air temperature uncertainties are also nonnegligible, sometimes contributing more to modeling uncertainties than precipitation uncertainties. We find that three snow‐related variables (snow water equivalent, snowfall amount, and snowfall fraction) can be used to estimate the impact of air temperature uncertainties for different model output variables. In summary, this study provides insight into the impact of probabilistic data sets on hydrological modeling and quantifies the uncertainties in cryosphere basin modeling that stem from the meteorological forcing data.
Surface Physicochemical Properties of Smectite‐Rich Fault Gouge: A Case Study of the Japan Trench Plate‐Boundary Fault
Authors: Nakamoto Keisuke , Kamei Motoki , Kameda Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe frontal part of the Japan Trench plate‐boundary fault is enriched in low‐strength smectite, and this material characteristic is thought to be a factor for the large fault slip during the 2011 Mw 9.0 Tohoku‐oki earthquake. In this study, we evaluated the surface physicochemical properties of the particles that constitute the fault zone and examined their effect on the rheological properties of the fault. Measurements of the zeta potential, surface free energy and pore size distribution indicate that the interparticle interaction in the in situ state is very weak. This means that the viscous resistance is low, which may have contributed to the large fault slip during the earthquake. The interparticle distance appears be longer than the energetically stable state, which may reflect a transitory state after the earthquake. Changes in microscopic interparticle interactions during coseismic and interseismic periods may influence the rheological behaviors of the Japan Trench plate‐boundary fault.
Auroral Morphological Changes to the Formation of Auroral Spiral During the Late Substorm Recovery Phase: Polar UVI and Ground All‐Sky Camera Observations
Authors: Nowada Motoharu , Miyashita Yukinaga , Partamies Noora , Degeling Alexander William , Shi Quan‐Qi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ultraviolet imager (UVI) of the Polar spacecraft and an all‐sky camera at Longyearbyen contemporaneously detected an auroral vortex structure (so‐called “auroral spiral”) on 10 January 1997. From space, the auroral spiral was observed as a “small spot” (one of an azimuthally aligned chain of similar spots) in the poleward region of the main auroral oval from 18 to 24 hr magnetic local time. These auroral spots were formed while the substorm‐associated auroral bulge was subsiding and several poleward‐elongated auroral streak‐like structures appeared during the late substorm recovery phase. During the spiral interval, the geomagnetically north‐south and east‐west components of the geomagnetic field, which were observed at several ground magnetic stations around Svalbard island, showed significant negative and positive bays caused by the field‐aligned currents related with the aurora spiral appearance. The negative bays were reflected in the variations of local geomagnetic activity index (SML) which was provided from the SuperMAG magnetometer network at high latitudes. To pursue the spiral source region in the magnetotail, we trace each UVI image along field lines to the magnetic equatorial plane of the nightside magnetosphere using an empirical magnetic field model. Interestingly, the magnetotail region corresponding to the auroral spiral covered a broad region from Xgsm ∼ −40 to −70 RE at Ygsm ∼ 8 to 12 RE. The appearance of this auroral spiral suggests that extensive areas of the magnetotail (but local regions in the ionosphere) remain active even when the substorm almost ceases, and geomagnetic conditions are almost stable.
Effects of Mesoscale Eddies on the Intensity of Cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Jangir Babita , Mishra Alok Kumar , Strobach Ehud 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Mediterranean Sea is a relatively small basin with complex, unique topography and has long been considered a hot spot for cyclones. This sea is also characterized by intense mesoscale eddy activity. Although eddies are known to play important roles in cyclones in other regions, their effects on Mediterranean cyclones have not received much research attention. Here, we analyzed how warm‐core eddies (WCEs) and cold‐core eddies (CCEs) interact with Mediterranean cyclones. We considered eight Mediterranean cyclones: four that passed over WCEs and four that passed over CCEs. In general, we observed sudden drops in Mean Sea level (MSL) pressure and increased wind speeds over the WCEs and increased MSL pressure and decreased wind speeds above the CCEs. The temperature of the mixed layer decreased after a cyclone passed over an eddy, but this occurred to a lesser extent for CCEs. In contrast, mixed‐layer salinity decreased in the case of WCEs and increased in the case of CCEs. Larger amounts of precipitation were observed over WCEs, as compared to CCEs. The amount of precipitation associated with a WCE seemed to depend on the area and intensity of the eddy; larger, more intense eddies were associated with larger amounts of precipitation. Also, higher latent and sensible heat fluxes were observed over WCEs, as compared to CCEs, which could be responsible for the sudden increases in cyclone intensity. Interestingly, only one persistent WCE was found in the winter; whereas no persistent CCEs were found in the summer, calling for further case‐by‐case detailed investigation.
Hydrogel electrodes with conductive and substrate-adhesive layers for noninvasive long-term EEG acquisition
Authors: Xue Hailing , Wang Dongyang , Jin Mingyan , Gao Hanbing , Wang Xuhui , Xia Long , Li Dong’ang , Sun Kai , Wang Huanan , Dong Xufeng , Zhang Chi , Cong Fengyu , Lin Jiaqi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNoninvasive brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) show great potential in applications including sleep monitoring, fatigue alerts, neurofeedback training, etc. While noninvasive BCIs do not impose any procedural risk to users (as opposed to invasive BCIs), the acquisition of high-quality electroencephalograms (EEGs) in the long term has been challenging due to the limitations of current electrodes. Herein, we developed a semidry double-layer hydrogel electrode that not only records EEG signals at a resolution comparable to that of wet electrodes but is also able to withstand up to 12 h of continuous EEG acquisition. The electrode comprises dual hydrogel layers: a conductive layer that features high conductivity, low skin-contact impedance, and high robustness; and an adhesive layer that can bond to glass or plastic substrates to reduce motion artifacts in wearing conditions. Water retention in the hydrogel is stable, and the measured skin-contact impedance of the hydrogel electrode is comparable to that of wet electrodes (conductive paste) and drastically lower than that of dry electrodes (metal pin). Cytotoxicity and skin irritation tests show that the hydrogel electrode has excellent biocompatibility. Finally, the developed hydrogel electrode was evaluated in both N170 and P300 event-related potential (ERP) tests on human volunteers. The hydrogel electrode captured the expected ERP waveforms in both the N170 and P300 tests, showing similarities in the waveforms generated by wet electrodes. In contrast, dry electrodes fail to detect the triggered potential due to low signal quality. In addition, our hydrogel electrode can acquire EEG for up to 12 h and is ready for recycled use (7-day tests). Altogether, the results suggest that our semidry double-layer hydrogel electrodes are able to detect ERPs in the long term in an easy-to-use fashion, potentially opening up numerous applications in real-life scenarios for noninvasive BCI.
Single-cell landscape of primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Liu Nianping , Jiang Chen , Yao Xinfeng , Fang Minghao , Qiao Xiaolong , Zhu Lin , Yang Zongcheng , Gao Xuyuan , Ji Ying , Niu Chaoshi , Cheng Chuandong , Qu Kun , Lin Jun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUnderstanding tumor heterogeneity and immune infiltrates within the tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential for the innovation of immunotherapies. Here, combining single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility sequencing, we profile the intratumor heterogeneity of malignant cells and immune properties of the TIME in primary central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (PCNS DLBCL) patients. We demonstrate diverse malignant programs related to tumor-promoting pathways, cell cycle and B-cell immune response. By integrating data from independent systemic DLBCL and follicular lymphoma cohorts, we reveal a prosurvival program with aberrantly elevated RNA splicing activity that is uniquely associated with PCNS DLBCL. Moreover, a plasmablast-like program that recurs across PCNS/activated B-cell DLBCL predicts a worse prognosis. In addition, clonally expanded CD8 T cells in PCNS DLBCL undergo a transition from a pre-exhaustion-like state to exhaustion, and exhibit higher exhaustion signature scores than systemic DLBCL. Thus, our study sheds light on potential reasons for the poor prognosis of PCNS DLBCL patients, which will facilitate the development of targeted therapy.