bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel network intrusion detection method based on metaheuristic optimisation algorithms
Authors: Ghanbarzadeh Reza , Hosseinalipour Ali , Ghaffari Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe growing use of the Internet with its vulnerabilities has necessitated the adoption of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) to assure security. IDSs are protective systems that detect outsider infiltrations, unauthorised accesses and malfunctions occurring in computer networks. Intrusions can be detected and reported to the network administrator by IDSs using various pieces of information such as port scanning and irregular traffic detection. Intrusion detection is a classification problem, and identifying effective features is an essential aspect of classification methods. Standard methods used for classification are neural networks, fuzzy logic, data mining techniques and metaheuristics. One of the novel metaheuristic algorithms introduced to address optimisation problems is the Horse herd Optimisation Algorithm (HOA). This paper introduces a new approach on the basis of HOA for network intrusion detection. The new method uses horse behaviours in the herd to select effective features to detect intrusions and interactions between features. For the purpose of the new approach, HOA is first updated into a discrete algorithm using the floor function. The binarised algorithm is then converted into a quantum-inspired optimiser by integrating the concepts of quantum computing with HOA to improve the social behaviours of the horses in the herd. In quantum computing, Q-bit and Q-gate aid in striking a greater balance between the exploration and exploitation processes. The resulting algorithm is then converted into a multi-objective algorithm, where the objectives can be chosen from a set of optimal solutions. The new algorithm, MQBHOA, is then used for intrusion detection in computer networks, which is a multi-objective optimisation problem. For the classification, the K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier is applied. To evaluate the new algorithm’s performance, two data sets, NSL-KDD (Network Security Laboratory—Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining) and CSE-CIC-IDS2018, are employed in which the network packets are classified into five categories: normal packets plus four intrusions packet types of Denial of Service (DoS), User to Root (U2R), Remote to Local (R2L) and Probing (Prob). The new algorithm’s performance was evaluated and compared with other well-known metaheuristic algorithms, and the influence of the parameters of the algorithm on the degree of intrusion was investigated. The results show a 6% more success rate in the average size of feature selection and the accuracy of classification in comparison with other evaluated algorithms. It also demonstrates an accuracy of 99.8% in detecting network intrusions compared to other methods.
The Role of Community Engagement in Urban Innovation Towards the Co-Creation of Smart Sustainable Cities
Authors: Anthony Bokolo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOne of the most recent topics in smart cities is community engagement which has been generally deliberated in both industrial and academic literature around the approaches and tools employed in urban environment. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to advocate for community engagement as a key driver that supports the acquisition of knowledge and requirements needed for innovation and creativity towards achieving an equitable community for social sustainability. A semi-systematic review method is adopted to analyze 71 sources from Web of Science and Scopus databases. Secondary data from the literature is extracted and synthesized to provide narrative and descriptive analysis. Findings from this study presents a developed model that can support community engagement for urban innovation by specifying factors that influences community engagement for smart sustainable city development. The model enables citizens, policy makers, government, urban planners, academics, and enterprises in urban environment to connect, interact, engage, and co-create innovative services. More importantly findings from this research provides theoretical evidence on administrative and non-administrative stakeholder’s involvement towards co-creation of urban services towards smart sustainable cities. Furthermore, this study provides recommendation on how community engagement perspective involving different stakeholders can help to achieve resilient technological driven city by supporting sustainable development and ultimately actualizing a socially inclusive urban space.
Racial discrimination in surgery: A systematic review
Authors: El Boghdady Michael , Ewalds-Kvist Beatrice Marianne 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Racial/ethnic discrimination indicates the stereotyped or unkind conduct of superiority towards other persons based on their race or skin color. The UK General Medical Council published a statement supporting zero-tolerance approach to racism in the workplace. We aimed to systematically review racial discrimination in surgery and answer the following questions: (1) Does racial/ethnic discrimination in surgery exist in citations from the last 5 years. (2) If yes, are ways suggested to reduce racial/ethnic discrimination in surgery?

Methods
The systematic review was performed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines along AMSTAR 2. A 5-year literature search was carried out on PubMed for articles published from 1/1/2017 to 01/11/2022. Search terms were ‘racial discrimination and surgery’, ‘racism OR discrimination AND surgery’, ‘racism OR discrimination AND surgical education’. The retrieved citations were quality assessed by MERSQI and evidence graded by GRADE.

Results
A total of 9116 participants responded with a mean of 1013 (SD = 2408) responses per citations reported in 9 studies from a final list of 10 included citations. Nine studies were from USA and 1 from South Africa. There was evidence of racial discrimination in the last 5 years and the results were justified on strong scientific evidence constituting the basis for evidence grade I. The second question’s answer was ‘yes’ which was defendable on moderate scientific recommendation and thereby establishing the basis for evidence grade II.

Conclusion
There was sufficient evidence for the presence of racial discrimination in surgical practice in the last 5 years. Ways to decrease racial discrimination in surgery exist. Healthcare and training systems must increase the awareness of these issues to eliminate the harmful effect on the individual as well as on the level of the surgical team performance. The existence of the discussed problems must be managed in more countries with diverse healthcare systems.
An individualized digital twin of a patient for transdermal fentanyl therapy for chronic pain management
Authors: Bahrami Flora , Rossi René Michel , De Nys Katelijne , Defraeye Thijs 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFentanyl transdermal therapy is a suitable treatment for moderate-to-severe cancer-related pain. The inter-individual variability of the patients leads to different therapy responses. This study aims to determine the effect of physiological features on the achieved pain relief. Therefore, a set of virtual patients was developed by using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based on actual patient data. The members of this virtual population differ by age, weight, gender, and height. Tailored digital twins were developed using these correlated, individualized parameters to propose a personalized therapy for each patient. It was shown that patients of different ages, weights, and gender have significantly different fentanyl blood uptake, plasma fentanyl concentration, pain relief, and ventilation rate. In the digital twins, we included the virtual patients’ response to the treatment, namely, pain relief. Therefore, the digital twin was able to adjust the therapy in silico to have more efficient pain relief. By implementing digital-twin-assisted therapy, the average pain intensity decreased by 16% compared to conventional therapy. The median time without pain increased by 23 h over 72 h. Therefore, the digital twin can be successfully used in individual control of transdermal therapy to reach higher pain relief and maintain steady pain relief.
Graphical Abstract
(Created with BioRender.com)
Quality characteristics and analysis of input parameters on laser beam welding of hairpin windings in electric drives
Authors: Omlor Markus , Seitz Niklas , Butzmann Tom , Petrich Tobias , Gräf Rolf , Hesse Ann-Christin , Dilger Klaus 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relevance of electric drives in individual mobility is continuously increasing. This requires the use of new manufacturing processes in automotive production. In modern stators, the so-called hairpin winding is used. The production process entails rectangular copper conductors (hairpin) to be contacted by laser beam welding. To avoid temperature peaks due to resistance heating in the current-carrying wire, a high cross-sectional area in the welding seam is required. Therefore, the pore volume must be considered. This is proven by thermographic investigations of electrically stressed hairpin connections. To optimize the welding process, effects of the previous manufacturing steps and the welding parameters themselves must be taken into account. This paper analyses systematically the impact of all translational and rotational deviations on the corresponding welding quality. The tests are performed by using a disk laser. A laser spot with a focus diameter of 170 μm is compared to a statically shaped beam, capable of distributing power in core and ring beam. As an additional parameter, the influence of oxygen content in the copper wire is investigated by using electrolytic tough pitch copper (Cu-ETP) and oxygen-free copper (Cu-OF). Furthermore, the interaction between an additional cutting step before contacting and the welding path is considered. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to analyse the welding quality. The main finding of the studies is the significant influence of the gap and height offset between the wire ends on the resulting cross-sectional area. In addition, a low oxygen content of the copper and the use of static beam shaping reduce weld spatters, porosity and increase process stability. Three geometries in the welding path perform better in gap bridging and cause less spatters.
Fire and smoke precise detection method based on the attention mechanism and anchor-free mechanism
Authors: Sun Yu , Feng Jian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSubstantial natural environmental damage and economic losses are caused by fire. For this problem, automatic fire-smoke detection and identification are needed. Fire-smoke detection methods based on vision still suffer from significant challenges that fail to balance model complexity and accuracy. We propose an improved YOLOv3 fire-smoke detection and identification method to address these problems and include a fire and smoke dataset. The neck module (1) adds an attention mechanism to enhance the ability to extract features from pictures, and (2) uses an anchor-free mechanism in the anchor box mechanism to solve the problem of significant variances in smoke texture, shape, and color in real applications, and (3) uses a lightweight backbone to reduce the model complexity. The proposed dataset is based on VOC, which contains images of complex scenes and high diversity. The dataset includes pictures that (1) combine fire with smoke, (2) only have smoke or fire objects, and (3) contain a single cloud object. The experimental results demonstrate that the method achieves 50.8 AP, which outperforms the suboptimal method by 3.8. Moreover, the inference speed of our method is 13% faster on the GPU than the suboptimal method.
Single-Phase Ternary Compounds with a Disordered Lattice and Liquid Metal Phase for High-Performance Li-Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Li Yanhong , Zhang Lei , Yen Hung-Yu , Zhou Yucun , Jang Gun , Yuan Songliu , Wang Jeng-Han , Xiong Peixun , Liu Meilin , Park Ho Seok , Li Wenwu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Si is considered as the promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their high capacities of 4200 mAh g−1 and natural abundancy. However, severe electrode pulverization and poor electronic and Li-ionic conductivities hinder their practical applications. To resolve the afore-mentioned problems, we first demonstrate a cation-mixed disordered lattice and unique Li storage mechanism of single-phase ternary GaSiP2 compound, where the liquid metallic Ga and highly reactive P are incorporated into Si through a ball milling method. As confirmed by experimental and theoretical analyses, the introduced Ga and P enables to achieve the stronger resistance against volume variation and metallic conductivity, respectively, while the cation-mixed lattice provides the faster Li-ionic diffusion capability than those of the parent GaP and Si phases. The resulting GaSiP2 electrodes delivered the high specific capacity of 1615 mAh g−1 and high initial Coulombic efficiency of 91%, while the graphite-modified GaSiP2 (GaSiP2@C) achieved 83% of capacity retention after 900 cycles and high-rate capacity of 800 at 10,000 mA g−1. Furthermore, the LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2//GaSiP2@C full cells achieved the high specific capacity of 1049 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles, paving a way for the rational design of high-performance LIB anode materials.
Statin Use is Associated with Reduced Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Retrospective Propensity-Matched Analysis of MIMIC-III Database
Authors: Chen Daonan , Zhang Huifang , Wang Liu , Lin Qiuhai , Du Jiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
We sought to determine whether statin treatment has a protective effect on the outcome of critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation.

Methods
Patients who underwent mechanical ventilation were selected from the MIMIC-III database. Patients with statin usage were allocated into the statin cohort. Patients without any statin use were matched to the statin cohort in a 1:1 ratio by propensity score. To ensure the robustness of the findings, we utilized the gradient boosted model, propensity score analysis, doubly robust estimation and an inverse probability‐weighting model in the statistical procedure.

Results
Before matching, 17,452 patients were enrolled in the non-statin group and 3,999 in the statin group. After matching, 3,363 patients were enrolled in each group. Compared with nonusers, the use of statins was associated with improved 28-day survival in the unmatched cohort (HR 0.85 95% CI 0.80–0.90, p < 0.01) and matched cohort (HR 0.79 95% CI 0.73–0.85, p < 0.01). Statin use was associated with longer ventilator-free days (VFD, 14.93 ± 13.11 vs 12.06 ± 13.26, p < 0.01) and longer ICU-free days (IFD, 13.41 ± 12.14 vs 10.86 ± 12.19, p < 0.01) in the matched cohort. Different types of statins were all associated with significantly improved 28-day survival.

Conclusions
In a population of mechanically ventilated patients, the use of statins may be associated with improved survival, longer VFDs and longer IFDs.
We're very grateful: moral emotions, role models, and trust predict vaccine uptake intent in India
Authors: Tagat Anirudh , Kapoor Hansika 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study investigated determinants of the willingness to get vaccinated in India and examined the relationship between engagement in preventive behaviours and vaccine uptake intent. A large-scale online survey covering aspects of COVID-19 preventive behaviours, vaccination status, moral emotions, trust in others, role models, and socio-demographics was used. A total of 953 Indians participated in the survey between May and June 2021, of which 770 contained valid data on vaccination status. Past preventive health behaviours (PHBs) such as avoiding social gatherings, higher interpersonal trust, and moral emotions were robustly associated with the willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Results also showed that unvaccinated individuals were less likely to follow other PHBs, like wearing a mask; past COVID-19 infection status was associated with similar lower adherence to PHBs. Given the strong associations between positive moral emotions, like gratitude, and vaccine uptake intent (especially in the unvaccinated subsample), targeted communication interventions can boost uptake intent, and subsequently vaccine uptake, in jurisdictions with low vaccination rates.
Comparative bionomics and life table studies ofLipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae(Davis) andMyzus persicae(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on three cabbage varieties
Authors: Forchibe E. E. , Fening K. O. , Vershiyi D. T. , Cobblah A. M. , Afreh-Nuamah K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLipaphis erysimi pseudobrassicae(Davis) andMyzus persicae(Sulzer) are important pests of brassica crops, causing significant yield losses on cabbage in Ghana. To inform the development of ecologically sound and sustainable pest management strategies for these pests, their biological and population growth parameters were studied on three cabbage varieties (Oxylus, Fortune, and Leadercross). The study was conducted in a screen house under ambient conditions at 30 ± 1°C and 75 ± 5% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod from September to November 2020. The parameters of the preadult developmental period, survival rates, longevity, reproduction, and life table were evaluated following the female age-specific life table. There were significant differences in the nymphal developmental time, longevity, and fecundity on the cabbage varieties for both aphid species. The highest population growth parameters, net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increaser, and finite rate of increase (λ) were recorded on Oxylus variety for bothL. e. pseudobrassicaeandM. persicae. The lowest was recorded on Leadercross variety forL.e pseudobrassicaeand Fortune forM. persicae. The results from this study suggest that Leadercross is a less suitable host forL. e. pseudobrassicaeand Fortune forM. persicae, thus, should be considered as less susceptible varieties for use in primary pest management by small-scale farmers or as a component of an integrated pest management strategy for these pests on cabbage.
Mass occurrence of echinoids in an Oligocene hydrocarbon-seep limestone from the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State, USA
Authors: Müller Sandro P , Kroh Andreas , Birgel Daniel , Goedert James L , Kiel Steffen , Peckmann Jörn 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLoose limestone blocks of a newly recognized hydrocarbon-seep deposit from the lower Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation were collected on a beach terrace close to the mouth of Bullman Creek in Washington State, USA. The limestone consists largely of authigenic carbonate phases, including 13C-depleted fibrous cement forming banded and botryoidal crystal aggregates with δ13C values as low as –23.5 ‰. Lipids extracted from the limestone yielded molecular fossils of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME), dominated by compounds of an ANME-2/DSS consortium with δ13C values as low as −106 ‰, indicating formation at an ancient methane seep. The fossil inventory of the seep deposit is remarkable, consisting almost solely of echinoid remains, whereas typical seep biota are absent. Varying preservation of the echinoid fossils indicates parautochthonous deposition, corroborated by evidence for high fluid flow at the ancient seep, possibly responsible for displacement of echinoids after death. Although a full taxonomic description of the echinoids cannot be given, almost all fossils were assigned to one taxon of irregular spatangoids, except for a single regular echinoid. Abundance and lifestyle of the irregular spatangoids in the Bullman Creek echinoid seep deposit resemble those of the fossil Tithonia oxfordiana from an upper Jurassic seep deposit in France and extant Sarsiaster griegii from modern seeps in the Gulf of Mexico. The Bullman Creek echinoid deposit probably represents a fossil analogue of the Gulf of Mexico Sarsiaster mass occurrence, indicating that the adaptation of spatangoid echinoids to chemosynthesis-based ecosystems ranges back at least to the earliest Oligocene.
Business Cycles, Regime Shifts, and Return Predictability
Authors: Yang Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConsistent with the empirical properties of the consumption data, I develop a model in which consumption and dividend growth follow regime-switching dynamics. I show that regime-shift risk is priced in the model. Regime-shift risk exhibits dominant influence on asset prices: It generates a high equity premium and also induces time-varying risk premiums. The model explains major business cycle-dependent asset market phenomena and, in particular, the stronger predictability of stock returns during recessions.
Holding Horizon: A New Measure of Active Investment Management
Authors: Lan Chunhua , Moneta Fabio , Wermers Russ 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article introduces a new holding horizon measure of active management and examines its relation to future risk-adjusted fund performance (alpha). Our measure reveals a wide cross-sectional dispersion in mutual fund investment horizons, and shows that long-horizon funds exhibit positive future long-term alphas by holding stocks with superior long-term fundamentals. Further, stocks largely held by long-horizon funds outperform stocks largely held by short-horizon funds by more than $ 3\% $ annually, adjusted for risk, over the following 5-year period. We also find a clientele effect: to reduce liquidity costs, long-horizon funds attract more long-term investors through share classes that carry load fees.
Financial Literacy and IPO Underpricing
Authors: Jia Xiaoran , Kanagaretnam Kiridaran , Lim Chee Yeow , Lobo Gerald J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUsing an international sample of IPO firms and two country-level measures of financial literacy, we find strong evidence that financial literacy is negatively associated with IPO underpricing. In cross-sectional analyses, we find that the effect of financial literacy in reducing IPO underpricing is more pronounced when the information environment is less transparent. Employing path analysis, we document that information friction, firm transparency, and stock market participation are mechanisms that mediate this relationship. Our study contributes to and extends the literature by providing strong evidence that citizens’ financial literacy has an important and consistent influence on IPO underpricing.
Co-t-structures, cotilting and cotorsion pairs
Authors: PAUKSZTELLO DAVID , ZVONAREVA ALEXANDRA 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLet
$\textsf{T}$
be a triangulated category with shift functor
$\Sigma \colon \textsf{T} \to \textsf{T}$
. Suppose
$(\textsf{A},\textsf{B})$
is a co-t-structure with coheart
$\textsf{S} = \Sigma \textsf{A} \cap \textsf{B}$
and extended coheart
$\textsf{C} = \Sigma^2 \textsf{A} \cap \textsf{B} = \textsf{S}* \Sigma \textsf{S}$
, which is an extriangulated category. We show that there is a bijection between co-t-structures
$(\textsf{A}^{\prime},\textsf{B}^{\prime})$
in
$\textsf{T}$
such that
$\textsf{A} \subseteq \textsf{A}^{\prime} \subseteq \Sigma \textsf{A}$
and complete cotorsion pairs in the extended coheart
$\textsf{C}$
. In the case that
$\textsf{T}$
is Hom-finite,
$\textbf{k}$
-linear and Krull–Schmidt, we show further that there is a bijection between complete cotorsion pairs in
$\textsf{C}$
and functorially finite torsion classes in
$\textsf{mod}\, \textsf{S}$
.