bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Networks Using Gain Scheduling PID Networked Control System for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Ndefo Mmasom Iruoma , Nwafor Solomon Chibuzo , Udeze Chidiebele C. , Akpeghagha Oghenevwaire , Ugbe Oluchi Christiana 
Published: July 2023

Aims: Though Networked Control Systems (NCS) have great benefits, such as remote control, low costs, and better flexibility, it also has several drawbacks such as network-induced time delay and packet loss, which may result in performance degradation and system instability in nonlinear systems. This paper proposes a gain scheduling Proportional-Integral-Differential (GS-PID) controller design to address the performance degradation issues associated with NCS.
Study Design: TrueTime toolbox simulator in MATLAB is used for the NCS simulation and network comparison.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Nigeria, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Enugu State, Nigeria, between March 2022 and March 2023.
Methodology: The performance of the proposed GS-PID and conventional PID controllers is compared through simulations on three different networks (Ethernet, Controlled Area Network (CAN), and switched ethernet).
Results: The GS-PID controller outperforms the traditional PID controller with improvements in settling time and overshoot ranging from 15% to 22%.
Conclusion: The results of the GS-PID over the conventional PID on these three networks highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach and show potential in improving system performance.
Impact of the Hydro-Meteorological Disasters in the Upper Beas Basin in the Kullu Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Rajat  , Lata Renu , Thakur Pushpa , Gouda K. C. , Ghosh Sayanta , Shashni Sarla , Prashant  
Published: July 2023

An investigation exploring the people perception about the impact of the hydro-meteorological events was executed in the upper Beas basin of Kullu district using a semi-structured questionnaire. The selection of the study area was made after conducting preliminary studies, revealing that the region experienced property losses amounting to Rs. 18.61 Cr as a result of disasters occurring between 2017 and 2019.. In the past few decades, the occurrence of the extreme weather events of cloud bursts, flashfloods and heavy rainfall in the Beas Basin has affected the livelihood of the local inhabitants. Therefore the current research is designed for the identification the existing disaster related issues of the inhabitants of the Himalayan region. To assess the community perception towards the disaster events, the one third households of the most prone villages of the region were studied i.e. 251 respondents. To find the community perception , the respondents were enquired about the information regarding the past events of the disaster in their area and perception about the probable causes of such events. It was analyzed that the disasters events has affected the agriculture, water supply, infrastructure, tourism and allied businesses in the region. It was found from the insights of the research that 70.18% respondents agree that hydro- meteorological disasters occurs each year furthermore 75.2% of the respondents believe that among the all types of disasters, the flash floods are the most common type of disaster to the area. In addition to this, the 38.40% and 30.02% respondents believed that impact of disaster has increased due to the climate change and the practices of deforestation respectively. The collected statistical data was further evaluated using Pearson’s Chi Square test and it was noticed that the responses such as anthropogenic role in the increased intensty of disasters and the effect of disasters on this tourism dominated area had a significant association at the 95% confidence interval with the respondents having different educational qualification, gender and age groups. It was examined from the investigation that the activities such as deforestation, over grazing and illegal extraction of medicinal plants in the high altitude areas are the precursors behind the increased impact of the disaster events. The outcomes of this study will assist the policy makers and scientific community for the better understanding of the disasters and planning the risk management strategies for the region.
Styrene, Polyphenyls, and Related Compounds
Authors: Banton Marcy , Rushton Erik K. , Steneholm Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chemical group consists of aromatic hydrocarbons whose molecular structures contain single aromatic rings separated by single chemical bonds or from simple groups containing unsaturated carbon atoms. Included are styrene, vinyltoluene, divinylbenzene, allylbenzene, α‐methyl styrene, phenylacetylene, diphenyl, methylbiphenyl, diphenylmethane, stilbene, and terphenyl. These compounds generally occur as volatile liquids under normal conditions, and possess low vapor pressures, volatility, absorbability, and solubility in aqueous media. Higher molecular weight derivatives are volatile solids. They are primary skin irritants and ocular exposure can cause corneal irritation and damage. Direct aerosol deposition or ingestion and subsequent aspiration can cause pulmonary damage and pneumonitis. They generally have low to moderate acute toxicity and, following repeated exposures, can cause local site‐of contact irritation and systemic toxicity primarily in the nasal cavity, lung, liver, kidney, and bladder. Sensitization reactions are generally not reported. Mixed findings have been reported in genotoxicity studies. These substances generally appear to be carcinogenic in animals, with increase tumor incidences reported in mouse lungs and liver and rat kidney and bladder. These substances can cause acute CNS depression at high exposures but only styrene is reported to produce neurological effects following repeated exposure, specifically toxicity to hearing, color vision, and olfaction. There is some evidence that these substances may produce reproductive and developmental effects. Their environmental fate and disposition are variable, whereas all are demonstrated or expected to be toxic to aquatic organisms.
Spin‐Crossover Grafted Monolayer of a Co(II) Terpyridine Derivative Functionalized with Carboxylic Acid Groups
Authors: García‐López Víctor , Giaconi Niccolò , Poggini Lorenzo , Calbo Joaquín , Juhin Amélie , Cortigiani Brunetto , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Ortí Enrique , Mannini Matteo , Clemente‐León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of a new Co(II) spin‐crossover (SCO) complex based on 4′‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)−2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine ligand are reported. This complex can be successfully grafted on silver surface maintaining the SCO behavior. Thus, atomic force microscopy (AFM), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization – time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), Raman spectroscopy, and XPS measurements, upon surface deposition, evidence the formation of a monolayer of intact molecules grafted through carboxylate groups to the Ag surface. Three different techniques: Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), supported by first‐principles calculations, confirm that the deposited molecules undergo a gradual spin transition with temperature. This phenomenon is unprecedented for a monolayer of molecules directly grafted onto a metallic surface from solution.
Bioresorbable Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Loaded Electrospun Polymeric Scaffold Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia Following Arteriovenous Fistula Formation in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Barcena Allan John R. , Perez Joy Vanessa D. , Bernardino Marvin R. , Damasco Jossana A. , Cortes Andrea , Del Mundo Huckie C. , San Valentin Erin Marie D. , Klusman Carleigh , Canlas Gino Martin , Heralde Francisco M. , Avritscher Rony , Fowlkes Natalie , Bouchard Richard R. , Cheng Jizhong , Huang Steven Y. , Melancon Marites P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBioresorbable perivascular scaffolds loaded with antiproliferative agents have been shown to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation by inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). These scaffolds, which can mimic the three‐dimensional architecture of the vascular extracellular matrix, also have an untapped potential for the local delivery of cell therapies against NIH. Hence, an electrospun perivascular scaffold from polycaprolactone (PCL) to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and gradual elution at the AVF's outflow vein is fabricated. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Sprague‐Dawley rats is induced by performing 5/6th nephrectomy, then AVFs for scaffold application are created. The following groups of CKD rats are compared: no perivascular scaffold (i.e., control), PCL alone, and PCL+MSC scaffold. PCL and PCL+MSC significantly improve ultrasonographic (i.e., luminal diameter, wall‐to‐lumen ratio, and flow rate) and histologic (i.e., neointima‐to‐lumen ratio, neointima‐to‐media ratio) parameters compared to control, with PCL+MSC demonstrating further improvement in these parameters compared to PCL alone. Moreover, only PCL+MSC significantly reduces 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography. These findings suggest that adding MSCs promotes greater luminal expansion and potentially reduces the inflammatory process underlying NIH. The results demonstrate the utility of mechanical support loaded with MSCs at the outflow vein immediately after AVF formation to support maturation by minimizing NIH.
Optimization of Charge Management and Energy Loss in All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Lili , Deng Dan , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAll‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) have received tremendous attention in recent decades because of their advantages over their polymer counterparts. These advantages include well‐defined chemical structures, easy purification, and negligible batch‐to‐batch variation. Remarkable progress with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 17% has recently been achieved with improved charge management (FF × JSC) and reduced energy loss (Eloss). Morphology control is the key factor in the progress of ASM‐OSCs, which remains a significant challenge because of the similarities in the molecular structures of the donors and acceptors. In this review, the effective strategies for charge management and/or Eloss reduction from the perspective of effective morphology control are summarized. The aim is to provide practical insights and guidance for material design and device optimization to promote further development of ASM‐OSCs to a level where they can compete with or even surpass the efficiency of polymer solar cells.
Improved Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 Thin Films by ZIF‐67 Additive Assisted Co Ion Doping toward High‐Performance and Stable Photodetectors
Authors: Cheng Peiyu , Zhao Tong , Chen Mingming , Chen Sixue , Shen Xuemin , Liu Yuan , Yang Shikuan , Chen Zhanguo , Dong Xiuxiu , Wang Quan , Cao Dawei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLead halide perovskites are considered important materials for the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, the poor quality of thin films with abundant grain boundaries and defect states greatly lower the performance and stability of as‐fabricated devices. In the present work, the growth of improved perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films through Co‐based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) additive assisted Co ion doping is reported. Investigation of the morphological, structural, optical, and electrical properties shows that the Co ion doped CH3NH3PbI3 (CH3NH3Pb0.98Co0.02I3) thin films exhibit low grain boundaries, low defect states, and improved structural stabilities. The positive roles of suppression of defect states are further demonstrated by improved performance and stability of photodetectors based on CH3NH3Pb0.98Co0.02I3 thin films. Finally, density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the mechanisms of passivation of undercoordinate Pb2+ vacancy defect states by Co ion doping. The results provided in this work will pave the way toward the fabrication of high performance and stable perovskite photodetectors in the future.
Peptide‐Modified AIEgen Probe for Selective Imaging and Killing of Drug‐Resistant Cancer Cells Based on Cell‐Cycle‐Dependent Uptake
Authors: Wu Xia , Hu Jing‐Jing , Chen Lulu , Wu Feng , Xia Fan , Lou Xiaoding 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDistinguishing the precise phases of cells in the cell cycle is important for elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms and exploiting cell‐cycle‐targeted drugs. Here, a simple but efficient strategy is established based on a peptide‐modified aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) probe PKK–TTP by utilizing its differential cellular uptake amounts for specific cell cycle recognition and targeted therapy. After incubating the probe in cells with different phases, maximal fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are observed in S phase, middle in G0/G1 phase, and the minimum in G2/M phase. The cell‐cycle‐dependent fluorescent intensity is proven to be related to variable uptake routes of PKK–TTP. The maximized uptake of PKK–TTP in S phase relies on three simultaneously working endocytic routes, including macro‐pinocytosis and clathrin‐ and caveolin‐dependent endocytosis, while decreased uptake in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases mainly depends on the single route. Furthermore, the uptake of PKK–TTP is further verified in normal cells and drug‐resistant cancer cells (S). Bright fluorescence of PKK–TTP is observed in drug‐resistant cancer cells in S phase, while a little fluorescence is observed in paclitaxel (PTX)‐treated cancer cells due to G2/M phase. Collectively, PKK–TTP can be applied to distinguish cancer cells, evaluating the drug resistance and exerting its therapeutic efficiency downstream.
β‐Functionalization of 4 a‐aza‐8 a‐boranaphthalene via Iridium‐catalyzed C−H Borylation
Authors: Valencia Isabel , Sucunza David , Mendicuti Francisco , García‐García Patricia , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA general method for the functionalization of 4a‐aza‐8a‐boranaphthalene in the position β to the nitrogen atom has been developed. This method is based on a regioselective iridium‐catalyzed C−H activation process for the introduction of a boronate group, which can subsequently be transformed into a variety of aryl or alkynyl groups via cross‐coupling reactions. Selective mono‐ or difunctionalization can be achieved by controlling the reaction conditions during the borylation step. The photophysical properties of the obtained 3‐ or 3,6‐substituted BN‐naphthalenes have been evaluated, and some of them have been found to be significantly fluorescent, with fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.85.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−C Bond Cleavage of Unstrained Tertiary Alkyl Aromatics to Arylketones
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhou Lulu , Zhao Linlin , Guo Mengying , Yang Linlin , Han Wei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe present here an iron‐catalyzed oxidative Csp3−Csp3 bond cleavage of unstrained tertiary alkyl aromatics to provide a range of synthetically useful arylketones even with H2O2 as the oxidant. This method is operationally simple, scalable, and eco‐friendly, as well as suitable for the late‐stage oxidation of complex molecules bearing hydroxy groups, making it a valuable tool in organic synthesis.
Why is aluminum‐based lithium adsorbent ineffective in Li+ extraction from sulfate‐type brines
Authors: Chen Jun , Huang Kai , Du Jianglong , Lian Cheng , Yu Jianguo , Lin Sen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAluminum‐based lithium adsorbent (Li/Al‐LDH) is the only industrialized adsorbent for Li+ extraction from salt lake brines. The inherent mechanism of declined Li+ adsorption performance was revealed to explain the feebleness in sulfate‐type brines. SO42− in brines could replace interlayer Cl− by a stronger electrostatic attraction with laminates, significantly altering the stacking structure and interlayer spacing, while Cl K‐edge of XAFS showed intercalated SO42− would not obviously change the chemical environment of interlayer Cl−. Experiments as well as DFT and FEM simulations indicated the intercalated SO42− regulated Li+ adsorption of Li/Al‐LDHs at different ionic strength under a combined effect of expanded interlayers, close packing, and electrostatic repulsion. Although sufficient SO42− contents in brines might promote the single Li+ adsorption by offering ionic strength as a driving force, the long‐term usability would be severely impaired as SO42− intercalation in interlayers reduced the subsequent Li+ adsorption capacity and increased the desorption difficulty.
Ontogenesis of sociability of wild immature capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus): Sex more than personality explains interindividual variation
Authors: Omena Julia , Izar Patrícia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSociability is a fundamental trait that social animals need to survive and reproduce in societies. Sociability predicts how an individual can consistently interact with its conspecifics across time and situations. By studying capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus), a neotropical primate with complex social behavior and high cognitive capacity, our research aims to analyze the development of the social axis of personality of immature individuals, from birth to the third year of life. We studied wild monkeys belonging to a group with infants, juveniles, and adults of both sexes that inhabits northeastern Brazil. We analyzed the behavior of 12 immature capuchins (6 males and 6 females) in 94 h of videos recorded weekly from birth until 36 months, through daily focal sampling. We verified whether there was intraindividual consistency throughout development by fitting regression models for the effect of age on initiating affiliative social behaviors, controlling for monkey identity and sex. Our results indicate that the individuals of this study exhibit high variation in the initiation of behaviors at the beginning of infancy; there was low repeatability and high intra‐individual variation during the first 3 years of life of these individuals, indicating that the social personality is not consolidated in this period. Immature females were more sociable than immature males. Therefore, differences in sociability in early life of bearded capuchin monkeys are best explained by sex rather than personality. We suggest that the high initial behavioral variation in the social axis of personality allows for plasticity influenced by the environment throughout development. The high sociability of females in infancy may be related to female philopatry and their high sociability in adulthood.
Dementia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparing metformin with no pharmacological treatment
Authors: Zheng Bang , Su Bowen , Ahmadi‐Abhari Sara , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Riboli Elio , Middleton Lefkos 
Published: July 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMetformin has been suggested as a therapeutic agent for dementia, but the relevant evidence has been partial and inconsistent.METHODSWe established a national cohort of 210,237 type 2 diabetes patients in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Risks of incident dementia were compared between metformin initiators and those who were not prescribed any anti‐diabetes medication during follow‐up.RESULTSCompared with metformin initiators (n = 114,628), patients who received no anti‐diabetes medication (n = 95,609) had lower HbA1c and better cardiovascular health at baseline. Both Cox regression and propensity score weighting analysis showed metformin initiators had lower risk of dementia compared to those non‐users (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.88 [95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.92] and 0.90 [0.84–0.96]). Patients on long‐term metformin treatment had an even lower risk of dementia.DISCUSSIONMetformin may act beyond its glycemic effect and reduce dementia risk to an even lower level than that of patients with milder diabetes and better health profiles.Highlights
Metformin initiators had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with patients not receiving anti‐diabetes medication.
Compared with metformin initiators, diabetes patients not receiving pharmacological treatment had better glycemic profiles at baseline and during follow‐up.
Patients on long‐term metformin treatment had an even lower risk of subsequent dementia incidence.
Metformin may act beyond its effect on hyperglycemia and has the potential of being repurposed for dementia prevention.
Retracted: Ultra‐processed food consumption and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Long‐term results from the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Wang Kanran , Tang Weimin , Hao Xingchen , Zhao Junhan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRetraction: Wang, K, Tang, W, Hao, X, Zhao, J. Ultra‐processed food consumption and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Long‐term results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Alzheimer's Dement. 2023; 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13351.The above article, published online on 03 July 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief Dr. Donna M. Wilcock, the Alzheimer's Association and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed as the authors did not have the appropriate approvals in place from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) for use of the data in this article. This contravenes the journal's policy on data use and the journal is issuing this retraction as a result.
P‐type Polymers in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kong Weibo , Wang Jiayu , Hu Yingyue , Cui Ningbo , Yan Cenqi , Cai Xufu , Cheng Pei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractP‐type polymers are polymeric semiconducting materials that conduct holes and have extensive applications in optoelectronics such as organic photovoltaics. Taking the advantage of intrinsic discontinuous light absorption of organic semiconductors, semitransparent organic photovoltaics (STOPVs) present compelling opportunities in various potential applications such as building‐integrated photovoltaics, agrivoltaics, automobiles, and wearable electronics. The characteristics of p‐type polymers, including optical, electronic, and morphological properties, determine the performance of STOPVs, and the requirements for p‐type polymers differ between opaque organic photovoltaics and STOPVs. Hence, in this Minireview, recent advances of p‐type polymers used in STOPVs are systematically summarized, with emphasis on the effects of chemical structures, conformation structures, and aggregation structures of p‐type polymers on the performance of STOPVs. Furthermore, new design concepts and guidelines are also proposed for p‐type polymers to facilitate the future development of high‐performance STOPVs.