bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steroidal glycoalkaloids contribute to anthracnose resistance in Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Fabian Matthew L , Zhang Chong , Sun Jianghao , Price Neil P , Chen Pei , Clarke Christopher R , Jones Richard W , Stommel John R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Anthracnose is a widespread plant disease caused by various species of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum. In solanaceous plants such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Colletotrichum infections exhibit a quiescent, asymptomatic state in developing fruit, followed by a transition to necrotrophic infections in ripe fruit. Through analysis of fruit tissue extracts of 95L368, a tomato breeding line that yields fruit with enhanced anthracnose resistance, we identified a role for steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) in anthracnose resistance. The SGA α-tomatine and several of its derivatives accumulated at higher levels, in comparison with fruit of the susceptible tomato cultivar US28, and 95L368 fruit extracts displayed fungistatic activity against Colletotrichum. Correspondingly, ripe and unripe 95L368 fruit displayed enhanced expression of glycoalkaloid metabolic enzyme (GAME) genes, which encode key enzymes in SGA biosynthesis. Metabolomics analysis incorporating recombinant inbred lines generated from 95L368 and US28 yielded strong positive correlations between anthracnose resistance and accumulation of α-tomatine and several derivatives. Lastly, transient silencing of expression of the GAME genes GAME31 and GAME5 in anthracnose-susceptible tomato fruit yielded enhancements to anthracnose resistance. Together, our data support a role for SGAs in anthracnose defense in tomato, with a distinct SGA metabolomic profile conferring resistance to virulent Colletotrichum infections in ripe fruit.
The Cellular Mechanism of Acupuncture for Ulcerative Colitis based on the Communication of Telocytes
Authors: Bai Xuebing , Mei Lu , Shi Yonghong , Huang Haixiang , Guo Yanna , Liang Chunhua , Yang Min , Wu Ruizhi , Zhang Yingxin , Chen Qiusheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAcupuncture can ameliorate or treat diseases according to the meridian theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, its mechanism has not been scientifically clarified. On the other hand, telocytes (TCs) are morphologically in accordance with the meridian system, which needs further cytological investigations and acupuncture confirmation. The present study showed that acupuncture could activate TCs in several ways, alleviating rabbit ulcerative colitis. TCs could cytologically communicate the acupoints, the acupuncture sites in skin with their corresponding large intestine by TC homo-cellular junctions, exosomes around TCs, and TC-mediated nerves or blood vessels. TCs expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4, the mechanosensitive channel protein that can transduce the mechanical stimulation of acupuncture into biochemical signals transferring along the extremely thin and long TCs. Collectively, a cellular mechanism diagram of acupuncture was concluded based on TC characteristics. Those results also confirmed the viewpoint that TCs were the key cells of meridian essence in TCM.
Outflows driven by direct and reprocessed radiation pressure in massive star clusters
Authors: Menon Shyam H , Federrath Christoph , Krumholz Mark R 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We use 3D radiation hydrodynamic (RHD) simulations to study the formation of massive star clusters under the combined effects of direct ultraviolet (UV) and dust-reprocessed infrared (IR) radiation pressure. We explore a broad range of mass surface density Σ ∼ 102–$10^5 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$, spanning values typical of weakly star-forming galaxies to extreme systems such as clouds forming super-star clusters, where radiation pressure is expected to be the dominant feedback mechanism. We find that star formation can only be regulated by radiation pressure for $\Sigma \lesssim 10^3 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$, but that clouds with $\Sigma \lesssim 10^5 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$ become super-Eddington once high star formation efficiencies (${\sim}80~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) are reached, and therefore launch the remaining gas in a steady outflow. These outflows achieve mass-weighted radial velocities of ∼15–$30\, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}$, which is ∼0.5–2.0 times the cloud escape speed. This suggests that radiation pressure is a strong candidate to explain recently observed molecular outflows found in young super-star clusters in nearby starburst galaxies. We quantify the relative importance of UV and IR radiation pressure in different regimes, and deduce that both are equally important for $\Sigma \sim 10^3 \, \mathrm{M}_{\odot } \, \mathrm{pc}^{-2}$, whereas clouds with higher (lower) density are increasingly dominated by the IR (UV) component. Comparison with control runs without either the UV or IR bands suggests that the outflows are primarily driven by the impulse provided by the UV component, while IR radiation has the effect of rendering a larger fraction of gas super-Eddington, and thereby increasing the outflow mass flux by a factor of ∼2.
Study on the properties of NBOs in twoZsources Cyg X−2 and Sco X−1 with NICER data
Authors: Jia S M , Qu J L , Lu F J , Zhang L , Zhang S N , Song L M , Zhang S , Huang Y , Ma X , Tao L , Liu H X , Yu W 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTWe present a detailed spectral-timing analysis of the normal branch oscillations (NBOs) observed in two Z sources, Cyg X−2 and Sco X−1, using the data of the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER). This is the first study of the NBO properties down to ∼0.4 keV. For Cyg X−2, we confirm the presence of a pivot energy at around 5 keV in the root mean square (rms) spectrum and the phase jump at the pivot energy. In addition, we find a positive phase lag of lower energy (down to 0.4 keV) photons with respect to photons in 2–2.5 keV. For Sco X−1, a rms pivot energy at ∼1.5 keV is detected for the first time, and at the pivot energy a large phase shift is observed. These results indicate that the NBO signal is associated with two different spectral components. By fitting the energy spectra of the states with and without the NBO signal using a two-COMPTB model, we find that the emission of the NBO below or above ∼1.5 keV is mainly related to the Comptonization of the transition layer with the photons from the accretion disc or the neutron star, respectively. In addition, we suggest that if the accretion rate in a Z source is high enough to change the optical depth of the transition layer significantly, a phase jump will occur. A phase shift will be present due to the mixing of the two Comptonization components.
Calibration of the convective parameters in stellar pulsation hydrocodes
Authors: Kovács Gábor B , Nuspl János , Szabó Róbert 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTDespite the appearance of two- and three-dimensional models thanks to the rapid growth of computing performance, numerical hydrocodes used to model radial stellar pulsations (RSPs) still apply a one-dimensional stellar envelope model without any realistic atmosphere, in which a significant improvement was the inclusion of turbulent convection. However, turbulent convection is an inherently multidimensional physical process in the vicinity of the ionization zones that generate pulsation. The description of these processes in one dimension can only be approximated based on simplified theoretical considerations involving several undetermined dimensionless parameters. In this work, we confront two one-dimensional numerical codes, namely the Budapest–Florida code and the MESA RSPs module, with radial-velocity observations of several non-modulated RRab stars of the M3 globular cluster and specified the undetermined convective parameters by the measured data for both codes independently. Our determination shows that some of the parameters depend on the effective temperature, which dependence is established for the first time in this work, and we also found some degeneracy between the parameters. This procedure gives as by-product suggestions for parameters of the publicly available RSP code extensively used recently by researchers through the MESA package. This work is part of the preparatory work to establish a theoretical framework required to make progress based on the results of one-dimensional models to couple them with multidimensional ones for further detailed analysis of physical processes.
Analytical weak-lensing shear responses of galaxy properties and galaxy detection
Authors: Li Xiangchong , Mandelbaum Rachel 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTShear estimation bias from galaxy detection and blending identification is now recognized as an issue for ongoing and future weak-lensing surveys. Currently, the empirical approach to correcting for this bias involves numerically shearing every observed galaxy and rerunning the detection and selection process. In this work, we provide an analytical correction for this bias that is accurate to sub per cent level and far simpler to use. With the interpretation that smoothed image pixel values and galaxy properties are projections of the image signal onto a set of basis functions, we analytically derive the linear shear responses of both the pixel values and the galaxy properties (i.e. magnitude, size, and shape) using the shear responses of the basis functions. With these derived shear responses, we correct for biases from shear-dependent galaxy detection and galaxy sample selection. With the analytical covariance matrix of measurement errors caused by image noise on pixel values and galaxy properties, we correct for the noise biases in galaxy shape measurement and the detection/selection process to the second-order in noise. The code used for this paper can carry out the detection, selection, and shear measurement for ∼1000 galaxies per CPU second. The algorithm is tested with realistic image simulations, and we find, after the analytical correction (without relying on external image calibration) for the detection/selection bias of about $-4~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, the multiplicative shear bias is $-0.12 \pm 0.10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for isolated galaxies; and about $-0.3 \pm 0.1~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for blended galaxies with Hyper Suprime-Cam observational condition.
AstroSat and NuSTAR observations of XTE J1739−285 during the 2019–2020 outburst
Authors: Beri Aru , Sharma Rahul , Roy Pinaki , Gaur Vishal , Altamirano Diego , Andersson Nils , Gittins Fabian , Celora T 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
We report results from a study of XTE J1739−285, a transient neutron star low mass X-ray binary observed with AstroSat and NuSTAR during its 2019–2020 outburst. We detected accretion-powered X-ray pulsations at 386 Hz during very short intervals (0.5–1 s) of X-ray flares. These flares were observed during the 2019 observation of XTE J1739−285. During this observation, we also observed a correlation between intensity and hardness ratios, suggesting an increase in hardness with the increase in intensity. Moreover, a thermonuclear X-ray burst detected in our AstroSat observation during the 2020 outburst revealed the presence of coherent burst oscillations at 383 Hz during its decay phase. The frequency drift of 3 Hz during X-ray burst can be explained with r modes. Thus, making XTE J1739−285 belong to a subset of NS-LMXBs which exhibit both nuclear- and accretion-powered pulsations. The power density spectrum created using the AstroSat-laxpc observations in 2020 showed the presence of a quasi-periodic oscillation at ∼0.83 Hz. Our X-ray spectroscopy revealed significant changes in the spectra during the 2019 and 2020 outburst. We found a broad iron line emission feature in the X-ray spectrum during the 2020 observation, while this feature was relatively narrow and has a lower equivalent width in 2019, when the source was accreting at higher rates than 2020. Hard X-ray tail was observed during the 2019 observations, indicating the presence of non-thermal component in the X-ray spectra.
Ensemble mapping the inner structure of luminous quasars
Authors: Wu Liang , Wang Jun-Xian , Wang Hao-Chen , Kang Wen-Yong , Hu Wei-Da , Wang Ting-Gui , Wang Hui-Yuan 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
A simple prediction of the well-known unification model of active galactic nuclei is that a sample of sources should exhibit an anticorrelation between the solid angle of the dusty torus and of the ionization cone (as the sum of them shall equal 4π); however, this has never been detected. In this work, we analyse the correlation between the [O iii] 5007 narrow emission line equivalent width and LIR(λ)/Lbol for a large sample of luminous quasars. For the first time, we detect a clear intrinsic anticorrelation between them, which immediately verifies the torus/ionization-cone geometry in luminous quasars. More interestingly, the anticorrelation significantly weakens with increasing wavelength from ∼2 to 12 $\mu$m, and disappears at ∼12 $\mu$m. Simulations show that a cool dust component (in addition to the equatorial torus) with its strength positively correlating with the solid angle of the ionization cone is required to explain the observations. This shows that the polar dust seen in nearby active galaxies also exists in luminous quasars, with its contribution to total dust emission increasing with λ (from ∼2 to 12 $\mu$m) and reaching between 39 per cent and 62 per cent (model dependent) at rest frame 12 $\mu$m. Our findings provide a unique approach to map the otherwise spatially unresolvable inner structure of quasars.
Mixing of materials in magnetized core-collapse supernova remnants
Authors: Meyer D M-A , Pohl M , Petrov M , Egberts K 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTCore-collapse supernova remnants are structures of the interstellar medium (ISM) left behind the explosive death of most massive stars ($\lesssim\!40\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$). Since they result in the expansion of the supernova shock wave into the gaseous environment shaped by the star’s wind history, their morphology constitutes an insight into the past evolution of their progenitor star. Particularly, fast-moving massive stars can produce asymmetric core-collapse supernova remnants. We investigate the mixing of materials in core-collapse supernova remnants generated by a moving massive $35\, \rm {\rm M}_{\odot }$ star, in a magnetized ISM. Stellar rotation and the wind magnetic field are time-dependently included into the models which follow the entire evolution of the stellar surroundings from the zero-age main-sequence to $80\, \rm kyr$ after the supernova explosion. It is found that very little main-sequence material is present in remnants from moving stars, that the Wolf-Rayet wind mixes very efficiently within the $10\, \rm kyr$ after the explosion, while the red supergiant material is still unmixed by 30 per cent within $50\, \rm kyr$ after the supernova. Our results indicate that the faster the stellar motion, the more complex the internal organization of the supernova remnant and the more effective the mixing of ejecta therein. In contrast, the mixing of stellar wind material is only weakly affected by progenitor motion, if at all.
Supporting Biomarker-Driven Therapies in Oncology: A Genomic Testing Cost Calculator
Authors: Stenzinger Albrecht , Cuffel Brian , Paracha Noman , Vail Eric , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Goodman Clifford , Lassen Ulrik , Vassal Gilles , Sullivan Sean D 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdoption of high-throughput, gene panel-based, next-generation sequencing (NGS) into routine cancer care is widely supported, but hampered by concerns about cost. To inform policies regarding genomic testing strategies, we propose a simple metric, cost per correctly identified patient (CCIP), that compares sequential single-gene testing (SGT) vs. multiplex NGS in different tumor types.Materials and MethodsA genomic testing cost calculator was developed based on clinically actionable genomic alterations identified in the European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets. Using sensitivity/specificity data for SGTs (immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization) and NGS and marker prevalence, the number needed to predict metric was monetarized to estimate CCIP.ResultsAt base case, CCIP was lower with NGS than sequential SGT for advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast, colorectal, gastric cancers, and cholangiocarcinoma. CCIP with NGS was also favorable for squamous NSCLC, pancreatic, and hepatic cancers, but with overlapping confidence intervals. CCIP favored SGT for prostate cancer. Alternate scenarios using different price estimates for each test showed similar trends, but with incremental changes in the magnitude of difference between NGS and SGT, depending on price estimates for each test.ConclusionsThe cost to correctly identify clinically actionable genomic alterations was lower for NGS than sequential SGT in most cancer types evaluated. Decreasing price estimates for NGS and the rapid expansion of targeted therapies and accompanying biomarkers are anticipated to further support NGS as a preferred diagnostic standard for precision oncology.
Characteristics, Treatment, and Outcomes of Real-World Talazoparib-Treated Patients With Germline BRCA-Mutated Advanced HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Savill Kristin M Zimmerman , Ivanova Jasmina , Asgarisabet Parisa , Falkenstein Angelica , Balanean Alexandrina , Niyazov Alexander , Ryan Joanne C , Kish Jonathan , Gajra Ajeet , Mahtani Reshma L 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Talazoparib is a poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor approved for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm), HER2-negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer (LA/mBC), with approval based on the EMBRACA trial. To date, there are no published data on talazoparib use in the real-world United States (USA) setting.

Patients and Methods
Characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes of real-world US patients with gBRCAm HER2-negative LA/mBC treated with talazoparib monotherapy were collected via retrospective chart review and summarized using descriptive statistics.

Results
Among 84 eligible patients, 35.7% had hormone receptor-positive tumors and 64.3% had triple-negative LA/mBC (TNBC). At talazoparib initiation, 29.8% had ECOG PS of ≥2 and 19.0% had brain metastasis. Mutations in gBRCA1 or 2 were detected among 64.3% and 35.7% of patients, respectively. Talazoparib was given as 1st-line therapy in 14.3% of patients, 2nd-line in 40.5%, and 3rd- or 4th-line in 45.2%. Median time to talazoparib treatment failure was 8.5 months (95% CI, 8.0-9.7), median progression-free survival was 8.7 months (95% CI, 8.0-9.9), the median time from initiation to chemotherapy was 12.2 months (95% CI, 10.5-20.1), and the overall response rate was 63.1%. No differences in clinical outcomes were observed between patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative LA/mBC and patients with TNBC by using unadjusted statistical comparisons. Brain metastasis and ECOG PS ≥2 at talazoparib initiation were associated with treatment failure and progression or mortality.

Conclusion
Overall, talazoparib clinical outcomes in this real-world population are consistent with findings from EMBRACA.
Evolving Measures of Moral Success
Authors: Buchanan Allen , Powell Rachell 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
For most of human natural history, moral success and evolutionary fitness were closely intertwined: the success of moral systems could plausibly be gauged by the cooperative advantages they conferred in the Darwinian competition among cultural groups. Recently, however, the premium of evolutionary fitness has given way to a truly normative project of human betterment, allowing for the proliferation of moral values and goals that are orthogonal or even contrary to the evolutionary fitness of groups. This chapter shows that the decoupling of fitness and moral success poses a serious problem for evolutionary defenses of ethical pluralism, the thesis that there is more than one valid morality. It develops a stronger evolutionary argument for ethical pluralism that is grounded not in local selective optimization but in the dynamics of individual moral ontogeny and the path dependency of moral cultural evolution. This analysis leads to the conclusion that it is unlikely there is only one valid morality for human beings.
The Literary Beginnings of Afro-Protestantism
Authors: Sorett Josef 
Published: March 2023

AbstractChapter 1 examines slave narratives as representative of a literary culture through which enslaved Africans both apprehended and inhabited the modern world. This chapter contends that the authors and communities that produced these narratives authorized a tradition of Protestantism that signified something as distinctively black as it was quintessentially American. Slave narratives set the parameters for a particular set of practices that defined a tradition of politically engaged Afro-Protestantism in the United States and provided a critical space for establishing a genealogy of ideas that eventually gave rise to the terms “The Black Church” and “black religion.” This chapter highlights the ways in which an Afro-Protestant orthodoxy was stitched into the fabric of black subjectivity and social life, and thus was made constitutive of the various forms of racial authenticity that developed in its wake. These spiritual autobiographies were emblematic of an entangled set of social practices that complicated the logics of binary racial classifications that developed under the terms of colonial contact and chattel slavery in the Atlantic World.
Fiduciary Duties of Officers and Directors of Military Contractors
Authors: Painter Richard W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that officers and directors of military contractors have a fiduciary duty to strengthen the national security of the United States. Thus their fiduciary duty extends beyond maximizing the profits of their shareholders. The chapter starts by explaining fiduciary duty—a core concept in business law. After outlining why the shareholder primacy theory is generally wrong, the chapter argues that this theory is particularly inapt for defense contractors. The chapter proposes instead a “business judgment” as an appropriate performance measure for the fiduciary duties to the United States and to shareholders. It then applies this to four dilemmas that arise in the defense industry: (1) foreign arms sales; (2) spending on lobbying and electioneering; (3) increasing profits versus providing the best possible weapons to the military; and (4) tensions between U.S. national security interests and those of a potential importing state. The chapter concludes by developing specific steps that the defense industry and government can take to assure that defense contractors adhere more closely to the national security interests.