bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the life cycle of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebroinidae) on different cereals.
Authors: shaharbano  , Soomro Fakhra , Ahmed Waheed 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Tribolium castaneum is one of the most destructive pest of stored grains products around the world. The present study was conducted to observe the life cycle of Tribolium castaneum on different cereal flour varieties i.e. Triticum aestivum (wheat flour), Oryzae sativa (Rice flour), Zea mays (Corn flour), Vigna unguiculata (Cow peas Flour), Sorghum bicolor (Sorghum flour) and Hordeum vulgar (Barley flour). From two sources the samples were being collected, i.e. grocery Stores/super mart (Source-I) and flour mills/warehouses (Source-II) at the ideal temperature and relative humidity under laboratorial conditions at the Zoology department, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur.
Results
During the present study it was recorded that Tribolium castaneum consistently undergoes six larval stages on each cereal flour from source-I and source-II. Among the cereal flours It was noticed that total duration from eggs to adult remains fastest on wheat flour i.e. 41.8 ± 0.80 followed by sorghum flour 52.9 ± 0.90 and lowest on Cow-peas flour 65.5 ± 1.00 followed by corn flour 61.8 ± 0.96 and average total duration from eggs to adult on rice flour 54.9 ± 0.83 followed by Barley flour 53.9 ± 0.82. The length of eggs was 2.9mm and width was 0.7mm were recorded and the length of larva from 1st instar to 6th instar was 5mm to 12mm and width was 2.1mm to 3.7 were recorded and length of pupa was 15.2mm and width was 3.8mm and length of adult was 17.2 mm and width was 4mm were recorded respectively.
Conclusions
The results of this study indicated that cow-peas flour was the least suitable for development of Tribolium castaneum as compared to wheat flour. Additionally, postharvest products from source-II (flour mills) were found to be extremely susceptible to Tribolium castaneum. Study of life cycle of Tribolium castaneum in different cereals flours would be helpful in post-harvesting of the insect pest in various stored grain food materials.
Pituitary abscess: A case report and systematic review of 488 cases
Authors: Stringer Felicity , Foong Yi Chao , Tan Alanna , Hayman Sarah , Zajac Jeffrey D , Grossmann Mathis , Zane Justin Ng Yau , Zhu Jasmine , Ayyappan Sujith 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare condition and not well understood. We aimed to describe a case and perform a comprehensive systematic review to explore presenting symptoms, radiological findings, endocrine abnormalities and mortality. Aim To identify presenting symptoms, radiological findings, endocrinological abnormalities and predictors of mortality for PA. Methods We systematically reviewed the literature to identify all case reports of PA. Data regarding presentation, mortality, radiological findings, endocrinological abnormalities and treatment was extracted. Results We identified 488 patients from 218 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. Mortality was 5.1%, with days to presentation (OR 1.0005, 95%CI 1.0001–1.0008, p < 0.01) being the only identified independent predictor of mortality. Mortality rates have decreased over time, with cases published prior to 2000 having higher mortality rates (OR 6.92, 95%CI 2.80–17.90, p < 0.001). The most common symptom was headache (76.2%), followed by visual field defects (47.3%). Classical signs of infection were only present in 43%. The most common imaging feature on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was high T2 and low T1 signal of the pituitary gland with peripheral contrast enhancement. Over half (54.8%) were culture negative, with the most common bacterial organism being staphylococcus aureus (7.8%) and fungal organism being aspergillus (8.8%). The most common endocrine abnormality was hypopituitarism (41.1%), followed by diabetes insipidus (24.8%). Whilst symptoms resolved in most patients, persistent endocrine abnormalities were present in over half of patients (61.0%). Conclusion PA is associated with significant mortality, with delayed presentation increasing risk of mortality. Ongoing endocrinological abnormalities are common. Given the non-specific clinical presentation, the appearance of high T2, low T1 and peripheral contrast enhancement of the pituitary on MRI should prompt consideration of this rare disease.
IGHV1-69 BCRs with virus-neutralizing mutations show lymphoma-like transcriptomes in patients with chronic HCV infection
Authors: Schultheiß Christoph , Willscher Edith , Paschold Lisa , Ackermann Christin , Escher Moritz , Scholz Rebekka , Knapp Maximilian , Lützkendorf Jana , Müller Lutz , Wiesch Julian Schulze zur , Binder Mascha 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to a complex interplay with adaptive immune cells that may result in cryoglobulinemia or lymphoma. Although direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy has decreased the incidence of severe liver damage, its effect on extrahepatic HCV manifestations such as B cell dyscrasias is still unclear. Here, we used immunosequencing to analyze HCV imprinting on B cell receptor (BCR) repertoires in patients with chronic HCV mono-infection or a sustained virological response (SVR) after DAA therapy. The majority of patients had a B cell signature with high somatic hypermutation and richness. Convergence to specific immunoglobulin genes produced high-connectivity complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) networks. Interestingly, IGHV1-69 CDR1 and CDR3 mutations characterizing highly neutralizing HCV antibodies corresponded to recurrent point mutations found in clonotypic BCRs of high-grade lymphomas. These BCRs did not show autonomous signaling but a lower activation threshold. B cells carrying these point mutations showed a persisting oncogenic transcriptome signature with dysregulation in signaling nodes such as CARD11, MALT1, RelB, MAPK, and NFAT. Collectively, this study provides evidence that lymphoma-like cells may result from the anti-HCV immune response and may persist for years after SVR, leading to HCV-related B cell dyscrasias and increased lymphoma risk beyond viral elimination.
Outcomes of Viral Coinfections in Infants Hospitalized for Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Bermúdez-Barrezueta Lorena , López-Casillas Pablo , Rojo-Rello Silvia , Sáez-García Laura , Marugán-Miguelsanz José Manuel , Pino-Vázquez Asunción 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and Objective: The clinical relevance of the detection of multiple respiratory viruses in acute bronchiolitis (AB) is not established. Our goal was to evaluate the effect of viral coinfections on the evolution and severity of AB.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Spain, from September 2012 to March 2020. Infants admitted for AB, with at least one respiratory virus identified by molecular diagnostic techniques were involved. A comparison was made between single virus infection vs viral coinfections. The evolution and severity of AB were determined based on the days of hospitalization and admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).
Results: Four hundred forty-five patients were included (58.4% male). Median weight was 5.2 kg (RIQ 4.2 – 6.5) and age 2.5 months (RIQ 1.4 – 4.6). A total of 105 patients (23.6%) were admitted to PICU. The Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) was the most frequent etiological agent (77.1%). A single virus was detected in 270 patients (60.7%) and viral coinfections in 175 (39.3%), of which 126 (28.3%) had two viruses and 49 (11%) had three or more viruses. Hospital length of stay (LOS) increased proportionally to the number of viruses detected, with a median of 6 days (IQR 4 – 8) in single infection, 7 days (IQR 4 – 9) in coinfection by two viruses and 8 days (IQR 5 – 11) in coinfection ≥ 3 viruses, (p=0.003). The adjusted Cox regression model showed that detection of ≥ 3 viruses was an independent risk factor for longer hospital LOS (HR 0.568, 95%CI 0.410 – 0.785). No significant association was observed between viral coinfections and the need for PICU admission (OR 1.151; 95%CI 0.737 – 1.797).
Conclusions: Viral coinfections modify the natural history of AB prolonging the hospital LOS, proportionally to the number of viruses detected, without increasing the need for admission to the PICU.
Litaf promotes atherosclerotic plaque formation by stimulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway
Authors: Li Weijuan , Zhou Wenping , Li Xuyong , Jiang Xiaoli , Deng Yunchao , Shen Jie , Xie Han , Tan Gang , Huang Ling , Zhang Hui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Litaf protein is a newly discovered inflammatory protein, whether it is involved in the formation of atherosclerosis remains unclear;
Methods
Ten C57BL/6J mice and ten C57BL/6J mice with knockout of Litaf gene (C57BL/6J− Litaf−) were purchased from Animal Culture Center of Huazhong University of Science and Technology divided into two groups: control group and Litaf−/− group. Animals were given a normal diet and euthanized after 16-week culture. Mice, heart and whole aorta were isolated, and the aortic root of the mouse was taken for frozen sections; used for oil red staining and immunohistochemical staining (α-actin, CD68, Masson), and then compared the oil red staining area and the positive proportion of immunohistochemical staining in each group; at the same time, a sufficient amount of mouse blood was collected for extraction Plasma protein and RNA, monitoring the expression of inflammation-related proteins by Western and RT-PCR.
Results
Oil red staining of the aortic root sections of the mice in each group showed that the area of atherosclerotic plaques in Litaf−/− group was less than control group (P < 0.05). The aortic root sections of the mice in each group were immunohistochemical stained, and it can be found that the expression of α-actin and CD68 in Litaf−/− group was higher than that in the control group, while the results were opposite after Masson stainning(P < 0.05). The expressions of P65, IκB, and caspase3 were monitored by Western and RT-PCR. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the expressions of P65, IκB, and caspase3 in Litaf−/− group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Litaf might participate in the formation of atherosclerosis through the NF-κB pathway and play a promoting role in the formation of atherosclerosis.
Influence of obesity and overweight in surgical outcomes of adrenalectomy for primary adrenal disease. A cohort study of 146 cases
Authors: Ojeda César Mínguez , Santos Victoria Gómez Dos , Lorca Javier Álvaro , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Pian Héctor , Dehesa Alfonso Sanjuanbenito , Revilla Francisco Javier Burgos , Araujo-Castro Marta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of obesity and overweight on surgical outcomes in a large cohort of patients who underwent adrenalectomy due to primary adrenal benign or malignant disease.
Methods: A retrospective unicentric study of patients without history of active extraadrenal malignancy with adrenal tumors consecutively operated in our center during January 2010 and December 2022. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 and overweight as BMI between 25.0 and 30.0 kg/m2.
Results: Of 146 patients with adrenal tumors who underwent adrenalectomy, 9.6% (n=14) had obesity, 54.8% (n=80) overweight and 35.6% (n=52) normal weight. Obese patients had higher levels of diastolic blood pressure (87.6±12.22 vs. 79.3±10.23 mmHg, P=0.010) and a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (57.1% vs. 25.8%, P=0.014) and of bilateral tumors (14.3% vs. 3.1%, P=0.044) than non-obese patients. The rate of intraoperative and of postsurgical complications were similar between obese/overweight patients and patients with normal weight. However, a significant rate of postsurgical complications (27.3% vs. 5.7%, P=0.009) and a longer hospital stay (5.4±1.39 vs. 3.5±1.78 days, P=0.007) were observed in patients with obesity than in non-obese. In the multivariant analysis, obesity, age, ASA>2 and tumor size were independent risk factors of postoperative complications, being obesity the most important factor (OR 23.34 [2.23-244.24]).
Conclusion: Obesity and overweight are common conditions in patients who underwent adrenalectomy. Adrenalectomy is considered a safe procedure in patients with overweight, but it is associated with a higher risk of postsurgical complications and longer hospital stay in obese patients.
The dynamic relationship between environmental constraints, innovation input and economic development in China
Authors: Wu Mingran , Guo Mengfei , Xu Jingrong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Based on time series data of ecological environmental constraints, input of science and technological innovation and economic development in China from 2001 to 2020, this paper established the three system VAR model of "environment – technology – economy". Then, the impulse response function and variance decomposition method were used to examine the dynamic trajectory between the three and the impact proportion of the environment and technology on the economy. The results show that during the study period, there was a stable correlation between eco-environmental constraints, innovation input and GDP growth in China. Eco-environmental constraints can effectively stimulate the country to invest in science and technology. Although the input is not enough to remedy the loss caused by constraints, it can alleviate the pressure. In addition, the input of science and technology in China has brought obvious benefits and has vigorously promoted economic growth. In turn, economic growth also contributes to the increase of investment in innovation and the reduction of constraints.
Neuron-derived cGAMP Activates Microglial Type I Interferon Responses After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Chang Hanxiao , Li Zheng , Weiwei Zhang , lin chao , Shen Yuqi , Zhang Guangjian , Mao Lei , Ma Chencheng , Liu Ning , Lu Hua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of acute stroke, accounting for approximately 10%of cases, with high disability and mortality rate. Early brain injury (EBI) is a critical factor in determining SAH mortality; however, there are no effective treatment interventions for EBI. Based on our results, the transmission of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) from neurons to microglia is a key molecular event that triggers type I interferon response, amplifies neuroinflammation, and leads to neuronal apoptosis. Abnormal intracytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the initiating factor of the cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling axis. Overall, the cGAS-cGAMP-STING signaling axis is closely associated with neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Targeting cGAS triggered by cytoplasmic mtDNA may be useful for comprehensive clinical treatment of patients after SAH. Further studies targeting cGAS-specific antagonists for treating SAH are warranted.
Electrophysiological and Behavioural Responses of Virgin Female Bactrocera Tryoni to Microbial Volatiles From Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Tallon Anaïs Karine , Manning Lee-Anne , Mas Flore 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a major polyphagous pest widespread in Australia and several Pacific Islands. Bacteria present on the host plant phyllosphere supply proteins, essential for egg development and female sexual maturity. We investigated the role of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) in attracting virgin females. Four Enterobacteriaceae commonly found on the host plant and in the gut of B. tryoni were cultured on different media (artificial and natural fruits), and their MVOCs were collected using two different headspace volatile absorbent materials (Tenax® filter and solid phase micro-extraction fibre; SPME), allowing to test for time and pH variations. The olfactory responses of virgin females to bacterial MVOCs were assessed via electrophysiology and behavioural assays. The production of MVOCs was strongly influenced qualitatively by the bacterial strain, the type of media and quantitatively varied with pH and time. Phenol was detected only from Citrobacter freundii (CF), while indole was found in all bacteria except CF. Indole production increased overtime in inoculated kiwifruits. D-limonene was detected from Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella oxytoca (KO) and associated with oranges and inoculated kiwifruit. Tenax extracts from KO invoked the strongest antennal response and attracted virgin females the most. Among the identified compounds triggering an olfactory response, D-limonene and 2-nonanone were both significantly behaviourally attractive whereas phenol, nonanal, isoamyl alcohol and some pyrazines appeared repulsive. This study provides a new foundation for developing a synthetic lure based on microbial volatiles to replace food baits targeting specifically virgin females.
Rapid flow cytometric analysis of fibrin amyloid microclots in Long COVID
Authors: Turner Simone , Laubscher Gert J , Khan M Asad , Kell Douglas B , Pretorius Etheresia 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Long COVID has become a significant global health and economic burden, yet there are currently no established diagnostic tools to identify which patients might benefit from specific treatments. One of the major pathophysiological factors contributing to Long COVID is the presence of hypercoagulability; this results in insoluble amyloid microclots that are resistant to fibrinolysis. Our previous research using fluorescence microscopy has demonstrated a significant amyloid microclot load in Long COVID patients. However, this approach lacked statistical robustness, objectivity, and rapid throughput. In the current study, we have used imaging flow cytometry for the first time to show significantly increased concentration and size of these microclots. We identified notable variations in size and fluorescence between microclots in Long COVID and those of controls even using a 20x objective. By combining cell imaging and the high-event-rate nature of a conventional flow cytometer, imaging flow cytometry can eliminate erroneous results and increase accuracy in gating and analysis beyond what pure quantitative measurements from conventional flow cytometry can provide. Although imaging flow cytometry was used in our study, our results suggest that the signals indicating the presence of microclots should be easily detectable using a conventional flow cytometer. Flow cytometry is a more widely available technique which has been used in pathology laboratories for decades, rendering it a potentially more suitable and accessible method for detecting microclots in individuals suffering from both Long COVID and other conditions with similar pathology, such as myalgic encephalomyelitis.
I-RF: A Transparent Decision-Making System
Authors: Boruah Arpita Nath , Biswas Saroj Kr. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Ensemble learning is a hybrid learning system that exhibits a high level of performance by aggregating predictions of multiple classifiers and hence used to obtain a powerful predictive performance. Random Forest (RF) is an ensemble learning technique which executes a huge number of Decision Tree (DT) based on different subset of data and feature combinations. Regardless of its high-performance, RF is black box in nature which hinders the interpretability of the predictive model. A transparent system with less decision rules makes a system efficient, user convincing and manageable to a greater extent in fields like medical, business, banking etc. The expression of the decision rules into flowchart like representation makes the system transparent, explicitly understandable and closely resemblance to human reasoning. Therefore, to overcome the disadvantages of black box nature and to make it an efficient interpretable decision-making system, this paper proposes a transparent RF named Interpretable RF (I-RF) using Significance Score by combining Accuracy and Transparency to extract the important decision rules hence making RF behaves like a white box which is transparent and comprehensible. The proposed model I-RF is compared with the performances of a simple DT and RF, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naïve Bayes in terms of classification accuracy, precision, recall and F1 score measures. In addition, I-RF is also compared with TRG-RF, RuleFit and RF + DHC which are also rule-based methods. The performance of the proposed I-RF is validated with 12 well known UCI datasets and Kaggle and is observed from the experimental that the proposed I-RF is more efficient interpretable decision-making system.
Implementation of 5G Wireless Receiver Algorithms on the DSP board
Authors: Al-Dulaimi Mohammed Abdulzahra Ahmed , Al_Dujaili Mohammed Jawad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In communication systems, different types of receivers can be used to demodulate the signals and extract the transmitted data. The two fundamental receivers have been implemented in this paper by writing a code in C-Language using the software program Visual DSP++ and downloading the code to the DSP board, these receivers were the Non-Coherent and Coherent receivers. The Non-Coherent receiver is less complex than the Coherent since it does not require expensive and complex carrier recovery circuit, but in the same time the performance will be insignificant comparing with the Coherent receiver. In both receivers; a frame synchronization process is required to detect the message, and that can be achieved by detecting the preamble of the message which is “++++” data, after that the next 72 bytes are the actual message which will be stored and dumped to the memory and displayed to make sure that the message is received without any errors.
Efficiency due to data balancing in the prediction of essential proteins
Authors: Hossain Md. Inzamam Ul , Islam Md. Rafiqul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Essential proteins are important for the survival of the organism. Those play a vital role to prepare antibiotics, disease diagnosis, understanding the organism structure, etc. That is why essential proteins now become one of the hot topics in current research. In recent times, many methods were proposed to identify the essential proteins. But the identification rate of the essential proteins is still low. Therefore, an efficient approach is required to identify the essential proteins with high performance. In this paper, a machine learning-based efficient method is proposed to identify the essential proteins. To identify the essential proteins, both balanced and imbalanced datasets are used here. For data balancing, different techniques are used to observe the efficiency of the methods. Both topological and biological features are used in this method. The S. Cerevisiae dataset is used to evaluate the proposed method. Another dataset of species E. coli is used to validate the performance of this method. Three classifiers such as Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and an ensemble method of these three classifiers are used to predict the essential proteins. The best performance is achieved from the balanced dataset from the SMOT+ENN and Random Forest classifier. The results are balanced both in accuracy and F1-score which is also best compared to the existing related methods.
Kinematics and Dynamics Modelling of Automatic Faceting Robot and the Geometry of Facet
Authors: Sharifi Javad , Mohammadi Mohammad Sina , Fard Alireza Mahmoodi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an automatic faceting robot is studied. The kinematics and dynamics of this robot-faceter are calculated and analyzed. The relationship between shear height and rotational angle assuming a hemisphere perform and the canonical preform is derived accurately which is essential for faceting of gemstone jewelry. Also, we calculate the effect of shear forces on the mechanical arm during the facet of gemstone with canonical preform. Different stress components of faceter robot manipulator are analyzed here.