bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal outcomes in offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes: a hospital-based multicentre prospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Philip Thurkkada Anju , Kunjukutty Radhamany , Raj Manu , Nair Sobha S , Soman Annie , Ramachandran Sethulakshmi , Bhaskaran Renjitha , Renjith Vishnu 
Published: January 2025

IntroductionPregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) occurs when a woman becomes pregnant after having diabetes mellitus. The presence of diabetes during the entire pregnancy can have an adverse impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study is to examine the association between PGDM and neonatal outcomes at birth.Methods and analysisThis prospective hospital-based cohort study is ongoing at three tertiary-level hospitals in Kerala, India. The study targets to recruit 1260 pregnant women. All pregnant women above the age of eighteen who had confirmed pregnancy in an early pregnancy scan and in the first trimester of pregnancy visiting the three study sites for antenatal care will be included in the study. Those who will have a miscarriage, an abortion or twin pregnancies will be excluded from the study. All pregnant women will be evaluated for diabetic state via RBS, HbA1c and FBS based on the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria during their initial visit to the study sites. PGDM will be diagnosed by the following criteria—FBS ≥126 mg% OR HbA1c ≥6.5 mg% OR Random blood glucose ≥200 mg% on the initial visit or documented prior to the index pregnancy. Neonatal outcomes among the newborn babies will be assessed on the day of birth. We will report adjusted ORs with 95% CI for significant associations derived from multivariable logistic regression analysis.Ethics and disseminationThe present study received ethical approval from the three study sites. Informed consent will be obtained from the study participants before data collection.Trial registration numberCTRI/2024/06/068978.ConclusionEarly identification and management of PGDM among mothers will probably help to prevent adverse neonatal outcomes at birth.
Understanding variation in management of early-onset neonatal sepsis in India: a vignette-based survey
Authors: McAleese Samuel , Parikh Tushar B , Ouddi Basma , Schumacher Christina M , Johnson Julia 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundAntibiotic use for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is common, but prolonged exposure can lead to poor outcomes. Laboratory capacity and infection prevention initiatives may impact antibiotic use for EONS in neonatal intensive care units. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of institutional capacity on antibiotic prescribing for EONS in India.MethodsBetween September 2023 and January 2024, we surveyed Indian paediatricians and neonatologists regarding institutional capacity and antibiotic prescribing practices for EONS. Five vignettes with varying maternal and infant risk profiles explored participants’ decision to initiate empiric antibiotics at birth and the timing of discontinuation of antibiotics in term and preterm infants at risk for EONS. Variation in reported initiation and discontinuation of empiric antibiotic use by institutional capacity and antimicrobial stewardship initiatives were assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsOf 317 respondents, most (91%) reported antimicrobial stewardship initiatives at their institution and 56% reported receiving blood culture results within 48 hours. Screening tests such as complete blood count and C reactive protein were used in 56%–67% of cases, and abnormal results led to longer courses with fewer than 10% of respondents discontinuing antibiotics by 72 hours. When controlling for infant and maternal characteristics, the adjusted OR of observing infants without empiric antibiotics at birth was 0.38 (95% CI 0.16 to 0.70) for participants without infection prevention initiatives and was 1.57 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.35) for participants with timely (<48 hours) reporting of blood culture results, respectively. Infection prevention initiatives and laboratory capacity were not associated with increased odds of early discontinuation of empiric antibiotics for EONS.ConclusionsInfection prevention and laboratory capacity may decrease the initiation of empiric antibiotics but are not associated with early discontinuation of empiric antibiotics for EONS. The use of sepsis screening tests remains common in Indian neonates and requires additional study.
Real-world data on the use of teduglutide in a UK cohort: 4-year experience of a single centre
Authors: Stevens Phil , Turner Rebecca , Doherty Graeme , Jordan Dawn , Leitch Fiona , Murray Linda , Wadsworth John 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPhase IV outcome data of novel therapies in an orphan-disease need to be shared. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) analogues for short bowel syndrome chronic intestinal failure (SBS-cIF) were approved for use in NHS Scotland in 2020. The aim of this study was to report early experience introducing GLP-2 to a specialist intestinal failure service.MethodRetrospective analysis of a patient database was used to describe changes in home parenteral support (HPS), patient tolerance and micronutrient balance following introduction of GLP-2 analogue. These were compared with changes in HPS patients weaned by adaptation, surgery or transplantation.ResultsOf 218 patients managed with HPS at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary between February 2020 and August 2024, 162 (74%) had SBS-cIF. 70 (43%) met inclusion criteria for teduglutide. 11 (15%) received teduglutide, with median dose of 3.0 mg/day during the study period. Overall, 8 (73%) achieved reduction of one or more nights HPS/week and 7 (64%) either an HPS reduction >1.5 L/day or >20% reduction in equivalent daily volumes at 6 months. 6 (55%) retained teduglutide use long term. Patients weaned from HPS with teduglutide compared with those weaned by other means had significantly better liver enzymes, vitamin C and manganese. Indices of renal function may reflect change in lean body mass. Significantly more teduglutide weaned patients had end jejunostomies.ConclusionGLP-2 analogue use reduced parenteral support requirement when integrated into our intestinal failure service. These treatments may have extra-enteric hepatoprotective consequences.
Divergent response to radio-immunotherapy is defined by intrinsic features of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Gadwa Jacob , Yu Justin , Piper Miles , Knitz Michael W , Darragh Laurel B , Olimpo Nicholas , Corbo Sophia , Beynor Jessica I , Neupert Brooke , Nguyen Alexander T , Hodgson Chloe , Nguyen Diemmy , Abdelazeem Khalid NM , Saviola Anthony , Pousse Laurene , Bransi Ali , Pincha Mudita , Klein Christian , Amann Maria , Karam Sana D 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundTreatment with immunotherapy can elicit varying responses across cancer types, and the mechanistic underpinnings that contribute to response vrsus progression remain poorly understood. However, to date there are few preclinical models that accurately represent these disparate disease scenarios.MethodsUsing combinatorial radio-immunotherapy consisting of PD-1 blockade, IL2Rβγ biased signaling, and OX40 agonism we were able to generate preclinical tumor models with conflicting responses, where head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) models respond and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progresses.ResultsBy modeling these disparate states, we find that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are expanded in PDAC tumors undergoing treatment, constraining tumor reactive CD8 T cell activity. Consequently, the depletion of Tregs restores the therapeutic efficacy of our treatment and abrogates the disparity between models. Moreover, we show that through heterotopic implantations the site of tumor development defines the response to therapy, as implantation of HNSCC tumors into the pancreas resulted in comparable levels of tumor progression.ConclusionsThis work highlights the complexity of combining immunotherapies within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and further defines the immune and non-immune components of the TME as an intrinsic feature of immune suppression.
Comment on “Complementarity of Hf isotopes from detrital and igneous zircon: an example from the Central Gneiss Belt, Grenville Province, Ontario”
Authors: Dickin Alan , Strong Jacob 
Published: January 2025

In a recent paper presenting 30 new Hf isotope analyses for orthogneisses from the Grenvillian Central Gneiss Belt in Ontario, Slagstad et al. (Slagstad, T., Easton, R.M., Huyskens, M., and Culshaw, N. 2024. Complementarity of Hf isotopes from detrital and igneous zircon: an example from the Central Gneiss Belt, Grenville Province, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 61: 19) suggested that these new data “may serve as a basis for some cautionary notes on the application of isotopic data alone to distinguish allochthonous from parautochthonous rocks”. These “cautionary notes” evidently arise from the poor fit of the new Hf isotope data to these authors’ expectations based on published work. However, we show that the new data are in complete agreement with our own published tectonic maps, based on Nd isotope mapping supported by other available geological evidence. Far from serving as the basis for “cautionary notes” about our use of Nd isotope mapping, the new data completely validate our approach. On the other hand, we show that the mantle model used by Slagstad et al. (2024) to calculate Hf crustal formation ages was based on erroneous old data, and does not yield realistic Hf model ages for Precambrian gneisses. Therefore, we propose a more robust model, based on applying the principles of DePaolo’s Nd isotope model to Hf mantle evolution. We term the resulting Hf ages TDP model ages and show that they yield realistic crustal formation ages for the Ontario Grenville Province.
Comparison of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Prognostic Measures in Nondilated Cardiomyopathy and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Asghari Ali , Houshmand Golnaz , Aminizadeh Mohammad Javad , Mohammadi Maryam , Taghavi Sepideh , Omidvar Razieh , Mirtajaddini Marzieh , Naderi Nasim 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Nondilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy (NDLVC) is a newly defined category of cardiomyopathy. We sought to evaluate and compare the phenotype of NDLVC with DCM using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and to investigate the prognostic significance of these conditions.Methods: One hundred and fifty patients suspected of having cardiomyopathy referred for CMR were recruited. We considered 3 groups; Group 1: NDLVC‐reduced EF, (NDLVC‐REF), LVEF ≤ 40%, Group 2: NDLVC‐mildly reduced EF(NDLVC‐MREF), 40 < LVEF < 50, Group 3: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). All selected patients were followed up for a median of 24 months to determine the composite cardiac endpoint consisting of mortality and/or hospitalization for cardiovascular reasons (composite cardiac event (CCE)) as the primary endpoint.Results: The mean age (SD) was 42.6 (13.7) years (range: 18–77 years). There was no association between the presence of myocardial LGE and the development of atrial and/or ventricular arrhythmias. Atrial fibrillation was most common in the NDLVC groups during the follow‐up period. Myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was also more pronounced in the DCM group. Most patients in the NDLVC groups had no LGE. LGE in the midwall was the most common LGE pattern in all three groups and the septal wall was the most commonly affected area of the LV. There was no significant difference between the CMR findings of patients with and without CCE in each subgroup. However, the presence of myocardial replacement fibrosis was higher in patients with a CCE in total study population, (n = 144, 68% versus 32%, p = 0.03), but the difference was not significant in subgroup analyzes.Conclusion: NDLVC has a relatively good prognosis in recent times. The consideration of NDLVC in a spectrum with DCM can be reasonable. However, the prognostic risk factors need to be investigated in more detail.
Exploring B7-H4’s Role in Prostate Cancer Dormancy after Androgen Deprivation Therapy: Extracellular Matrix Interactions and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Kang Ning , Xue Hui , Wong Nelson K.Y. , Lin Yen-Yi , Classen Adam , Wu Rebecca , Oo Htoo Zarni , Dong Xin , Trinh Angela , Lin Dong , Daugaard Mads , Ong Christopher , Collins Colin , Gleave Martin , Wang Yuzhuo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prostate cancer is mainly managed with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but this often leads to a dormant state and subsequent relapse as lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using our unique prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft dormancy models, we investigated this critical dormant phase and discovered a selective increase in B7-H4 expression during the dormancy period following mouse host castration. This finding is supported by observations in clinical specimens of patients with prostate cancer treated with ADT. Differential expression analyses revealed the enrichment of extracellular matrix (ECM)–cell interaction pathways in B7-H4–positive cells. Functional assays demonstrated a crucial role of B7-H4 in maintaining dormancy within the ECM niche. Specifically, B7-H4 expression in LNCaP cells reduced proliferation within the dormant ECM in vitro and significantly delayed relapse in castrated hosts in vivo. These results shed light on the dynamic regulation of B7-H4 during prostate cancer dormancy and underscore its potential as a therapeutic target for preventing CRPC relapse.
Implications: Our study identified membranous B7-H4 expression during ADT-induced dormancy, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for managing dormant prostate cancer and preventing fatal CRPC relapse.
Inheritance of Imaging Parameters of Arrhythmic Risk in Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Pedigree Study
Authors: Cristin Luca , Dixit Shalini , Bibby Dwight , Tang Janet J. , Fang Qizhi , Tastet Lionel , Rich Amy H. , Jhawar Rohit , Nagata Yasufumi , Higuchi Satoshi , Levine Robert A. , Hsia Henry H. , Tseng Zian H. , Schiller Nelson B. , Delling Francesca N. 
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:
A subset of patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP), a highly heritable condition, experience sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) or sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the inheritance of phenotypic imaging features of arrhythmic MVP remains unknown.

METHODS:
We recruited 23 MVP probands, including 9 with SCA/SCD and 14 with frequent/complex ventricular ectopy. Participants underwent interviews, 2-dimensional and speckle-tracking echocardiography, and 48-hour Holter/event monitoring. Each individual was categorized as having a normal mitral valve, MVP, or borderline MVP. We assessed mitral annular disjunction, curling, global longitudinal strain, segmental peak longitudinal strain, electrical/mechanical dispersion, and the postsystolic shortening index in family members and unrelated healthy controls.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 23 pedigrees (14 extended pedigrees, 4 trios, and 5 duos) with a total of 121 participants (mean age 45 years, 50% women). Multigenerational SCA/SCD occurred in 2 of 14 extended pedigrees (14%) with an SCA/SCD proband. Mitral annular disjunction was present in 2 generations among 3 families (13%) and absent in 3 of 9 (33%) SCA/SCD cases. Compared with nonarrhythmic cases, arrhythmic MVP cases had more bileaflet involvement, mitral annular disjunction, curling, and abnormal valvular-myocardial mechanics, as expressed by a higher mid-inferior/inferolateral postsystolic shortening index (
P
<0.05). Among arrhythmic MVP cases, those with SCA had the highest mechanical dispersion (
P
=0.04). Family members with normal valves had lower global longitudinal strain and greater mechanical dispersion compared with nonpedigree controls (both
P
<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
In the context of familial MVP, SCA/SCD is rarely observed in multiple generations and is not consistently linked to mitral annular disjunction. Instead, SCA may result from combination of abnormal valvular-myocardial mechanics and a substrate of increased mechanical/electrical dispersion. Family members with normal mitral valves also exhibit mildly abnormal global strain parameters, suggesting an underlying myopathy independent of MVP expression. Future studies are needed to determine whether SCA/SCD in MVP requires the concomitant presence of abnormal mechanics and a primary genetic myopathy.
FastSurfer-LIT: Lesion inpainting tool for whole-brain MRI segmentation with tumors, cavities, and abnormalities
Authors: Pollak Clemens , Kügler David , Bauer Tobias , Rüber Theodor , Reuter Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Resection cavities, tumors, and other lesions can fundamentally alter brain structure and present as abnormalities in brain MRI. Specifically, quantifying subtle neuroanatomical changes in other, not directly affected regions of the brain is essential to assess the impact of tumors, surgery, chemo/radiotherapy, or drug treatments. However, only a limited number of solutions address this important task, while many standard analysis pipelines simply do not support abnormal brain images at all. In this paper, we present a method to perform sensitive neuroanatomical analysis of healthy brain regions in the presence of large lesions and cavities. Our approach called “FastSurfer Lesion Inpainting Tool” (FastSurfer-LIT) leverages the recently emerged Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPM) to fill lesion areas with healthy tissue that matches and extends the surrounding tissue. This enables subsequent processing with established MRI analysis methods such as the calculation of adjusted volume and surface measurements using FastSurfer or FreeSurfer. FastSurfer-LIT significantly outperforms previously proposed solutions on a large dataset of simulated brain tumors (N = 100) and synthetic multiple sclerosis lesions (N = 39) with improved Dice and Hausdorff measures, and also on a highly heterogeneous dataset with lesions and cavities in a manual assessment (N = 100). Finally, we demonstrate increased reliability to reproduce pre-operative cortical thickness estimates from corresponding post-operative temporo-mesial resection surgery MRIs. The method is publicly available at https://github.com/Deep-MI/LIT and will be integrated into the FastSurfer toolbox.
Blood nulling versus tissue suppression: Enhancing integrated VASO and perfusion (VAPER) contrast for laminar fMRI
Authors: Chai Yuhui , Li Linqing , Stirnberg Rüdiger , Huber Laurentius , Stöcker Tony , Bandettini Peter A. , Sutton Bradley P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF)-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have proven to be more laminar-specific than blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) contrast fMRI, but they suffer from relatively low sensitivity. In previous work, we integrated CBV and CBF into one contrast using DANTE (Delay Alternating with Nutation for Tailored Excitation) pulse trains combined with 3D echo-planar imaging (EPI) to create an integrated blood volume and perfusion (VAPER)-weighted contrast (Chai et al., 2020). Building on this, we have now introduced a magnetization transfer approach to induce a tissue-suppression-based VASO (vascular space occupancy) effect and incorporated it with the VAPER technique to boost the overall sensitivity while maintaining superior laminar specificity, all without altering the original VAPER sequence timing scheme. This magnetization transfer (MT)–VAPER fMRI acquisition alternates between DANTE blood-nulling and MT-tissue-suppression conditions, generating an integrated VASO and perfusion contrast enhanced by MT. Both theoretical and experimental evaluation demonstrated an approximately 30% enhancement in VAPER sensitivity with MT application. This novel MT–VAPER method was empirically validated in human primary motor and visual cortices, demonstrating its superior laminar specificity and robust reproducibility, establishing it as valuable non-BOLD tool for laminar fMRI in human brain function research.
A Hybrid Adaptive Covariance Inflation Method for EnKF-Based ENSO Prediction
Authors: Gong Mengmeng , Zhang Liang , Gao Chuan , Wang Haiyan , Chen Xingrong , Zhang Xuefeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The ensemble-based data assimilation method is usually used for the initialization of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction. Because of sampling errors caused by a finite ensemble, imperfect physical parameterizations, and other factors, the multiplicative covariance inflation method is commonly employed in the standard ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) to increase the prior variance and alleviate filter divergence. Given computational resource constraints, utilizing larger ensemble sizes to minimize sampling errors in high-dimensional oceanic or atmospheric models poses a challenge. The authors propose a new hybrid adaptive covariance inflation scheme in small ensembles and apply this method to an intermediate coupled model (ICM) used at the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), named the IOCAS ICM for ENSO prediction. Hybrid refers to performing both prior and posterior inflation. Results show that the hybrid t-X adaptive inflation scheme performs best within the ICM framework, which can reduce the analysis errors by 46% for the daily SST anomaly compared to the standard EnKF algorithm using the fixed multiplicative covariance inflation factor. The t-X adaptive algorithm enhances the standard EnKF’s forecasting ability by optimizing the initial forecast field and improving internal model errors. This method notably improves the prediction skill for the Niño-1 + 2 SST anomaly, particularly in phase transitions. Regarding SST anomaly prediction, the advantages of the hybrid t-X adaptive method over the standard EnKF scheme mainly occur in the equatorial eastern Pacific and south boundaries of the ICM.