bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN‐γ–STAT1‐mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector CD8+ T cells in vivo
Authors: Shen Weidong , Wang Xiangdong , Xiang Huihui , Shichi Shunsuke , Nakamoto Hiroki , Kimura Saori , Sugiyama Ko , Taketomi Akinobu , Kitamura Hidemitsu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe induction of antitumor effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment is a crucial event for cancer immunotherapy. Neurokinin receptor 2 (NK2R), a G protein‐coupled receptor for neurokinin A (NKA), regulates diverse physiological functions. However, the precise role of NKA–NK2R signaling in antitumor immunity is unclear. Here, we found that an IFN‐γ–STAT1 cascade augmented NK2R expression in CD8+ T cells, and NK2R‐mediated NKA signaling was involved in inducing antitumor effector T cells in vivo. The administration of a synthetic analog of double‐stranded RNA, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), into a liver cancer mouse model induced type I and type II IFNs and significantly suppressed the tumorigenesis of Hepa1‐6 liver cancer cells in a STAT1‐dependent manner. The reduction in tumor growth was diminished by the depletion of CD8+ T cells. IFN‐γ stimulation significantly induced NK2R and tachykinin precursor 1 (encodes NKA) gene expression in CD8+ T cells. NKA stimulation combined with anti‐CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment significantly augmented IFN‐γ and granzyme B production by CD8+ T cells compared with the anti‐CD3 mAb alone in vitro. ERK1/2 phosphorylation and IκBα degradation in activated CD8+ T cells were suppressed under NK2R deficiency. Finally, we confirmed that tumor growth was significantly increased in NK2R‐deficient mice compared with that in wild‐type mice, and the antitumor effects of poly I:C were abolished by NK2R absence. These findings suggest that IFN‐γ–STAT1‐mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which contributes to the suppression of cancer cell tumorigenesis in vivo. In this study, we revealed that IFN‐γ–STAT1‐mediated NK2R expression is involved in the induction of antitumor effector CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, which contributes to suppressing the tumorigenesis of liver cancer cells in vivo.
Formin‐like 2 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer by regulating the EGFL6/CKAP4/ERK axis
Authors: He Guoyang , Li Wei , Zhao Wenli , Men Hui , Chen Qingqing , Hu Jinlong , Zhang Jingyu , Zhu Huifang , Wang Wenxin , Deng Meijing , Xu Zishan , Wang Gaoxiang , Zhou Lin , Qian Xinlai , Liang Li 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. Formin‐like 2 (FMNL2) is well‐known for promoting metastasis; however, the molecular mechanisms by which FMNL2 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, we found that FMNL2 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo. The GDB/FH3 domain of FMNL2 directly interacts with epidermal growth factor‐like protein 6 (EGFL6). Formin‐like 2 promotes EGFL6 paracrine signaling by exosomes to regulate angiogenesis in CRC. Cytoskeleton associated protein 4 (CKAP4) is a downstream target of EGFL6 and is involved in CRC angiogenesis. Epidermal growth factor‐like protein 6 binds to the N‐terminus of CKAP4 to promote the migration of HUVECs by activating the ERK/MMP pathway. These findings suggest that FMNL2 promotes the migration of HUVECs and enhances angiogenesis and tumorigenesis in CRC by regulating the EGFL6/CKAP4/ERK axis. Therefore, the EGFL6/CKAP4/ERK axis could be a candidate therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
Maturation of consonant perception, but not vowel perception, predicts lexical skills at 12 months
Authors: Schaadt Gesa , Werwach Annika , Obrig Hellmuth , Friederici Angela D. , Männel Claudia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConsonants and vowels differentially contribute to lexical acquisition. From 8 months on, infants' preferential reliance on consonants has been shown to predict their lexical outcome. Here, the predictive value of German‐learning infants' (n = 58, 29 girls, 29 boys) trajectories of consonant and vowel perception, indicated by the electrophysiological mismatch response, across 2, 6, and 10 months for later lexical acquisition was studied. The consonant‐perception trajectory from 2 to 6 months (β = −2.95) and 6 to 10 months (β = −.91), but not the vowel‐perception trajectory, significantly predicted receptive vocabulary at 12 months. These results reveal an earlier predictive value of consonant perception for word learning than previously found, and a particular role of the longitudinal maturation of this skill in lexical acquisition.
Koala conservation in South East Queensland: A grey literature review analysis
Authors: Tkaczynski Aaron , Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis grey literature review documents koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) conservation initiatives applied across 12 local government areas in South East Queensland, Australia. To overcome threats to koalas' survival, the grey literature indicates that local governments in this region focus on wildlife management solutions, wildlife signage, habitat restoration projects and koala awareness campaigns. Despite these measures, land clearing of koala habitat to cater for urban population growth combined with recent bushfires and floods have contributed to the decline of koalas in this region. Recommendations to enhance progress include greater usage of the grey literature in peer review work and further application of social marketing to encourage residents to uptake behaviors that can mitigate threats to koalas, including slowing down when driving in koala zones, participating in citizen science, and leashing dogs when walking in native bush areas. The need for collaborative efforts aimed at conserving the koala from potential extinction is indicated. This paper provides an approach that can be applied to track progress on coordinated efforts to conserve koalas.
MR imaging biomarkers in HCC: outcomes correlation in liver transplant listed patients
Authors: Wibulpolprasert Pornphan , Agopian Vatche , Dumronggittigule Wethit , Lee Yong Seok , Yuen Alexander , Raman Steven S. , Markovic Daniela , Lu David S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers that enable the prediction of delisting from tumor progression versus successful transplantation in patients listed for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).MethodsWith IRB approval and HIPPA compliance, patients with HCC awaiting OLT who were delisted due to HCC progression from 2006 to 2015 were identified. Patients with adequate MR images for review were subsequently matched with a cohort of patients successfully bridged to OLT in the same time period. Matching considered the tumor stage and the dominant treatment strategy adopted to bridge the patient to OLT. Potential MRI features were evaluated by univariable and multivariable analysis using a conditional logistic model.ResultsThere were 53 patients included in each cohort. On uni‐variable analysis, significant unfavorable MR imaging features included T2 hyperintensity (odds ratio [OR], 19.0), infiltrative border (OR, 7.50), lobulated shape (OR, 4.5), T1 hypointensity (OR, 3.0), heterogeneous arterial enhancement (OR, 7.0), and corona venous enhancement (OR, 4.0). A significant favorable MR imaging feature was the presence of intralesional fat (OR = .36). The best multivariable logistic prediction model derived from the above notable features included only T1 and T2 signal intensity, border definition, and absence of intra‐lesional fat as significant variables, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of .86 in the prediction of delisting.ConclusionSelect MR imaging features of HCC at presentation before any treatment are significantly associated with the risk of tumor progression regardless of tumor stage and treatment strategy in patients awaiting liver transplantation.
Autonomy: How it has become problematic for medicine
Authors: Wispe Jonathan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis essay arises from the current state of the American medical system. Neither patients nor practitioners are satisfied. This essay focuses on an important source of discontent, the dependence on ethical principlism which is unsupported by a moral virtue. This ethical system is bounded by no recognition of telos of medicine and no articulation of how medicine can advance human flourishing. This essay explores how principlism, and autonomy in particular, attained a dominant stature, and how it damaged patient–practitioner relationships. This essay will conclude with a brief description about the potential benefits of covenantal relationships in medicine.
Current treatment and prevention of orthopaedic infections in the horse
Authors: Crosby Corinne E. , Redding Laurel E. , Ortved Kyla F. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryOrthopaedic infections, including synovial sepsis, osteomyelitis and infection of orthopaedic implants are common in equine medicine. Infections can be caused by haematogenous spread of pathogens, trauma or penetrating injuries, extension of local infections and iatrogenic causes such as surgery and synovial injections. Horses with orthopaedic infections are generally markedly lame and often require aggressive and prolonged therapy. Early diagnosis can greatly impact treatment outcomes and can be facilitated by careful physical examinations, haematology, diagnostic imaging and timely synovial fluid sampling. Concerted efforts should always be made to obtain a positive bacterial culture and sensitivity. Treatment is focused on antimicrobial therapy with local therapy, including intravenous regional limb perfusion and intrasynovial injections, being employed whenever possible; lavage and debridement; and analgesia and supportive care. Responsible use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial stewardship are critical when treating orthopaedic infections. Prognosis will depend on the source and severity of the infection, the causative agent and the time to intervention. Foals and horses can respond well to treatment and return to soundness with early, aggressive and targeted treatment.
Septal myocardial abscess in a Thoroughbred mare
Authors: Suzuki Tsukasa , Kato Fumiki , Yamaga Takashi , Tagami Masayuki , Tagami Masaaki 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old multiparous Thoroughbred mare with a history of colic was referred for further evaluation. Clinical findings at the time of initial examination included arrhythmia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypothermia without marked signs of abdominal pain. Electrocardiography revealed ventricular tachycardia at a rate of 211 beats/min. Lidocaine was administered as a constant rate infusion to treat the arrhythmia, and the heart rate and rhythm were normalised. There were no abnormal findings on ultrasonography of the abdomen and thorax. An echocardiographic examination revealed a hypoechoic spherical area within the muscular part of the intraventricular septum. Unfortunately, the mare died suddenly 3 days after treatment. Post‐mortem examination confirmed the presence of an encapsulated abscess in the intraventricular septum. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus chromogenes were isolated from the lesion. It was thought to be responsible for the arrhythmia seen in this case. This is the first case of a septal myocardial abscess in a horse.
Two pathways to Mexico: Forced deportation or voluntary return of parents and US citizen children
Authors: Zayas Luis H. , Natera Guillermina , Callejas Fransilvania , Esponda Georgina Miguel , Pinedo Miguel , Fuentes‐Balderrama Jaime 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHundreds of thousands of undocumented Mexican immigrants were deported from the United States or returned to Mexico voluntarily in the past two decades, taking with them their US‐born citizen children (USCC). A family's relocation—forced deportation or voluntary return—and the subsequent settlement and adjustment to Mexico affect everyone's well‐being. We interviewed 18 USCC whose parents were forcibly deported and 18 whose parents returned voluntarily about their circumstances, experiences, and perceptions. Four categories of relocation and adjustment issues emerged. USCC with deported parents felt the sudden and harsh arrest, detention, deportation, and separation from parents, and family reunification after deportation. Those in the voluntary‐return group told of concerns about the planned separation and relocation to Mexico. Both groups experienced issues of family reintegration and adjustment to a new environment. While relocation prompted similarities and differences in families' settlement, issues unique to families played a part in children's adjustment. Clinicians in both the United States and Mexico must take into consideration the nature of the relocation, families' distinctive reactions, and the individual child's experience as some USCC will remain in Mexico and others will return to the US Mexican clinicians will encounter USCC still settling and adjusting to Mexico, and USCC who decide to remain permanently in Mexico. US clinicians may encounter USCC facing the challenges of re‐entering American society, joining educational institutions, and becoming part of the labor force. USCC forming families may feel the impact of their pasts in parenting dynamics.
The Weaving Healthy Families program: Promoting parenting practices, family resilience, and communal mastery
Authors: McKinley Catherine E. , Saltzman Leia Y. , Theall Katherine P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractParenting quality, family resilience, and community resilience and support have been found to be primary protective factors for the disproportionate burden of anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance use disorder (SUD), depression, and suicide that US Indigenous youth and adults tend to experience. The purpose of this research study was to examine pilot results for outcomes related to relational factors for Indigenous family members who participated in the Weaving Healthy Families (WHF) program (translated to Chukka Auchaffi’ Natana, in the Choctaw tribal language), a culturally grounded and empirically informed program geared toward promoting wellness, family resilience, parenting practices, and community resilience while also preventing SUD and violence. This nonrandomized pre‐experimental pilot intervention followed a longitudinal design, which included pre‐test, a post‐test, and a 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month post‐intervention follow‐up surveys. Repeated‐measures regressions were utilized with generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine changes in parenting, family resilience, and communal mastery before and after the intervention for 24 adults and adolescents (12–17) across eight tribal families. Results indicate that the overall quality of parenting improved, as measured by improved parental monitoring and reductions in inconsistent discipline and corporal punishment. We identified sex differences in positive parenting, poor monitoring, and corporal punishment, with greater decreases in these measures among males over time. Family resilience and communal mastery improved for adolescent and adult participants after the WHF program. Our results indicate promising improvements across relational, familial, and community ecological, which provide clear clinical implications.
Factors that influence the outcomes of surgical endodontic treatment
Authors: Ng Yuan‐Ling , Gulabivala Kishor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSurgical endodontic treatment encompasses a broad spectrum of procedures, amongst which root‐end cavity preparation and filling, retrograde root canal treatment and through‐and‐through endodontic surgery, may be classified under the umbrella term ‘Root‐end surgery’. This narrative review considers the available data on periapical healing, soft tissue healing, tooth survival and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), following root‐end surgery and the factors that affect its outcomes. The pooled periapical healed rate for the studies published up to 2021 was 69% (95% CI: 65%, 73%) but increased to 76% (95% CI: 66%, 86%) when only data from the 2020's studies were analysed. The prognostic factors consistently reported for periapical healing have included: pre‐operative periapical lesion with complete loss of buccal plate, quality of root‐end preparation, remaining thickness of apical root dentine and restorative status. Soft tissue healing of the reflected flap was found to have a positive association with periapical healing. The survival rates following root‐end surgery range from 48% to 93%, with failure of periapical healing associated with root and crown fracture, being the predominant reasons for tooth extraction. The factors influencing impact of root‐end surgery on patients' quality of life could not be adequately evaluated due to design flaws in the available studies. In conclusion, if root canal treatment failure due to leakage through cracks, fractures or restoration margin are excluded, the remaining cases may represent localized residual infection and inflammation at the periapex that should be amenable to predictable management with the aid of modern root‐end surgery.
Between paradise and prison: External secrecy and visibility in terrorist organisations
Authors: Marone Francesco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe secret is essential for terrorists. Aware of their position of political and military inferiority towards their adversary, terrorists typically have no choice but to operate clandestinely, emerging from the shadows to carry out acts of violence in order to attract attention. However, the social organisation of the secret has not been the subject of a thorough reflection in the literature on political terrorism. Following Simmel's classic investigation into secrecy and secret societies, this article intends to shed light on “external secrecy”, understood as the social practice of intentionally hiding information and knowledge from external actors that do not belong to the terrorist organisation. The paper explores how external secrecy takes the form of a sort of barrier system that can be crossed by individuals and can be built and removed by organisations. It also examines how external security in terrorist organisations can produce both opportunities for deliberate deception and risks of undesired manipulation by external actors. Finally, the article focuses on the inherent trade‐off between the need for external secrecy and the quest for visibility in terrorist organisations. Overall, this discussion suggests the opportunity to develop a research programme on the management of secrecy in terrorism.
Clinical trial knowledge among U.S. adults aged 65 years and up: Findings from a 2020 national survey
Authors: Nguyen Oliver T. , Turner Kea , Lee Juhan , Hong Young‐Rock , Al‐Jumayli Mohammed , Alishahi Tabriz Amir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults are underrepresented in most clinical trials. As the United States observes growth in the number of older adults over time, it will be critical to include them in clinical trials to improve the generalizability of results across age groups. Although clinical trial participation requires clinical trial knowledge, no study has assessed clinical trial knowledge among older adults. Using a national survey, this study aims to identify the prevalence and determinants of clinical trial knowledge among older adults.MethodsWe used the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey for secondary data analysis. We restricted the sample to older adults (aged 65 years and up). Our outcome variable was whether respondents reported having any clinical trial knowledge. We controlled for demographics, social determinants of health, healthcare utilization, and comorbidities through multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsUsing a weighted sample of 27,574,958 adults, we estimated that 61.1% of older adults reported having at least some knowledge of clinical trials. After controlling for other factors, those with one to two (OR = 1.80, 95% CI:1.14–2.84) or three to five (OR = 2.93, 95% CI:1.74–4.95) portal visits compared with no portal visits, those with cancer (OR = 1.92, 95% CI:1.22–3.02), and those with depression (OR = 2.27, 95% CI:1.23–4.20) had greater odds of having clinical trial knowledge. Inversely, those with hypertension (OR = 0.62, 95% CI:0.42–0.92) had lower odds of clinical trial knowledge.ConclusionsPatient portal recruitment may be a supplemental intervention to improve clinical trial knowledge among older adults. Further research on additional interventions for identifying eligible participants is needed to minimize the burden among clinicians amidst other competing demands during clinic visits.
Accuracy of implant placement using CAD–CAM tooth‐supported surgical guides for an auricular prosthesis in vitro
Authors: Fan Yiping , Wei Hongbo , Zhao Ruifeng , Lin Xiuwen , Bai Shizhu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the accuracy of tooth‐supported surgical guides used to place implants in auricular prostheses. The accuracy (trueness and precision) of the implant positions was evaluated, and the difference between the surgical guide with and without retention of the external auditory canal (EAC) was compared.Materials and methodsThis study simulated implant placement in vitro for the treatment of right auricle malformation. Surgical guides and other casts were fabricated using additive manufacturing technology. The casts were divided into 2 groups according to the surgical guide, with 10 bone blocks in each group (with or without the EAC plug (Guides 1 and 2)). Three implant positions (Implants 1–3) were prepared for each bone block using surgical guides. Implant positions were registered using light‐body silicone impressions combined with optical surface scans to measure the coronal, apical, depth, and angular deviations. Four deviations of trueness and precision were reported as the mean ± standard deviation, which was analyzed by Student's t‐test.ResultsEach group of 10 bone blocks with 30 implant positions was successfully prepared and digitally reproduced as implants. The accuracies of implant position with surgical guides were acceptable when compared with the preoperatively planned implant positions. Compared with the Guide 2 group, there was a significant difference in the apical, depth, and angular deviations of Guide 1 group in terms of precision (p = 0.001). There was a significant difference in the depth deviation of Implant 1 (p = 0.028) and apical deviation of Implant 2 (p < 0.001) compared two groups in terms of trueness. In terms of precision, there was a significant difference in the coronal (p = 0.002), apical (p = 0.001), and depth (p < 0.001) deviation of Implant 1; apical (p = 0.036) and angular (p < 0.001) deviation of Implant 2 also existed significant difference; the coronal deviation of Implant 3 (p = 0.018) also existed significant difference. Moreover, the group with the EAC plug showed lower deviation in precision and a smaller volume in the 95% confidence ellipsoid.ConclusionBoth types of tooth‐supported surgical guides can provide acceptable accuracy. A surgical guide with an EAC plug was considered to be more precise.