bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected cutaneous adverse events in patients treated with ICI monotherapy and combination therapy: a retrospective pharmacovigilance study and meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Wenchao , Zhang Huiyun , Guo Qixiang , Gou Zhuoyue , Yao Jiannan 
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Cutaneous adverse events are commonly reported immune-related adverse events (irAEs), some of which are serious or even life-threatening, and it is essential to study these specific cutaneous AEs to understand their characteristics and risk.Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of published clinical trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to evaluate the incidence of cutaneous adverse events, using data from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases.Results: A total of 232 trials with 45,472 patients were involved. Results showed that anti-PD-1 and targeted therapy combinations were associated with higher risk for most of the selected cutaneous adverse events. In addition, a retrospective pharmacovigilance study was conducted using the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Events System database. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and Bayesian information components (IC) were used to perform the disproportionality analysis. Cases were extracted from January 2011 to September 2020. We identified 381 (20.24%) maculopapular rash, 213 (11.32%) vitiligo, 215 (11.42%) Stevens‐Johnson syndrome (SJS), and 165 (8.77%) toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) cases. For vitiligo, anti-PD-1/L1 combined with anti-CTLA-4 therapy showed the strongest signal (ROR: 55.89; 95% CI: 42.34–73.78; IC025: 4.73). Palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE) was reported with the most significant association with combined anti-PD-1/L1 and VEGF (R)-TKIs (ROR: 18.67; 95% CI: 14.77–23.60; IC025: 3.67). For SJS/TEN, antiPD-1 inhibitors showed the strongest signal (ROR: 3.07; 95% CI: 2.68–3.52; IC025: 1.39). The median onset time of vitiligo and SJS/TEN was 83 and 24 days, respectively.Conclusion: Overall, in selected cutaneous AEs, each of them showed specific characteristics. It is necessary to realize their differences and take appropriate interventions in patients with different regimens.
Simulated microgravity affects directional growth of pollen tubes in candidate space crops
Authors: Iovane Maurizio , Izzo Luigi Gennaro , Romano Leone Ermes , Aronne Giovanna 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundLong-term space missions will necessarily require producing viable seeds to be used for plant cultivation over time under altered gravity conditions. Pollen is known to play a key role in determining seed and fruit production over seed-to-seed cycles, but very few studies have evaluated pollen functionality under altered gravity.MethodsWe performed ground-based experiments to test how simulated microgravity can affect the directional growth of pollen tubes as a potential bottleneck in seed and fruit sets. The effect of clinorotation was assessed in the pollen of Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. ‘Micro-Tom’ and Brassica rapa L. var. silvestris, both eligible for cultivation in space. Pollen tube length and tortuosity were compared under 1g and simulated microgravity with a uniaxial clinostat.ResultsThe main results highlighted that simulated microgravity significantly increased pollen tube length and tortuosity compared to 1g conditions. Further, clinorotation prompted a differential effect on pollen germination between S. lycopersicum and B. rapa. A more in-depth analysis evaluating the effect of gravity on the directional growth of pollen tubes excluded gravitropic responses as responsible for the tube tip position reached after germination.DiscussionThis research provides new insights into how altered gravity can interfere with plant reproduction and, in particular, microgametophyte functionality. Our findings represent a basis for further studies aimed at understanding the effect of real microgravity on plant reproduction and developing countermeasures to ensure seed-to-seed cultivation in long-term space missions and achieve self-sufficiency in food supplies from Earth.
Quality of life and emotional distress in sarcoma patients diagnosed during COVID-19 pandemic: a supplementary analysis from the SarCorD study
Authors: Onesti Concetta Elisa , Vari Sabrina , Minghelli Denise , Nardozza Francesca , Rossi Barbara , Sperati Francesca , Checcucci Elisa , Faltyn Wioletta , Cercato Maria Cecilia , Cosimati Antonella , Salvatori Francesca , Biagini Roberto , Ciliberto Gennaro , Ferraresi Virginia , Maggi Gabriella 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundThe COVID-19 outbreak had a negative psychological impact on cancer patients. In this study, we analyzed emotional distress and quality of life in patients diagnosed with sarcoma during the first year of the pandemic compared to the previous year.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled patients with soft tissue, bone sarcoma, and aggressive benign musculoskeletal diseases diagnosed during the pandemic (COVID group) or the year before (control group) at the IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute in Rome. Patients who had undergone a psychological assessment with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the Distress Thermometer at diagnosis were included in the final analysis. We analyzed whether there is a difference in the various domains of quality of life between the two groups and whether there are changes over time in each group.ResultsWe enrolled 114 patients (72 control group; 42 COVID group), affected by soft tissue (64%), bone sarcoma (29%), and aggressive benign musculoskeletal diseases (7%). We did not observe significant differences in the health-related quality of life domains in the control and COVID groups, except for the financial domain (p = 0.039), with 9.7% vs. 23.8% of patients with a score &gt; 0 in the control and COVID groups, respectively. We observed emotional distress at diagnosis in 48.6% of patients in the control group vs. 69.0% in the COVID group (p = 0.034). In the control group, we observed an improvement in physical function (p = 0.043) and in QoL (p = 0.022), while in the COVID group, we observed a deterioration in role function (p = 0.044) during follow-up. In the COVID group, 22.2% of patients were concerned about COVID-19, 61.1% by tumor, 91.1% stated that the pandemic worsened their subjective perception of cancer, and 19.4% perceived that their quality of care had worsened.ConclusionWe observed a higher level of distress among patients diagnosed during the pandemic compared to the year before, probably due to the increased concern for both infection and cancer, the worsened perception of health status, and the perception of a poorer quality of health care.
An exploration of the personal experiences of digital forensics analysts who work with child sexual abuse material on a daily basis: “you cannot unsee the darker side of life”
Authors: Strickland Clare , Kloess Juliane A. , Larkin Michael 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDigital forensics analysts are a specialist group of police officers who are involved in investigating cases of online child sexual exploitation and abuse (CSEA), and identifying and classifying child sexual abuse material (CSAM) according to levels of severity, respectively. The existing literature that has examined this phenomenon suggests that this group of police officers are at greater risk of psychological harm as a result of being exposed to CSAM, and that working with this type of material has the potential to significantly affect their mental health and wellbeing.MethodsThe study presented here used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore digital forensics analysts’ personal experiences of working in this role, and with CSAM, on a daily basis, as well as how they feel this has impacted on them, and how they manage this. Seven digital forensics analysts from a specialist unit in the UK took part in semi-structured, in-person interviews.ResultsThree themes were identified, namely: (i) Once you know you cannot unknow, (ii) Constant struggle to decompress, and (iii) The ups and downs of working as a digital forensics analyst. Participants talked about the difficulty of escaping the reality of the sheer prevalence of CSEA, and that working as a digital forensics analyst ultimately takes a toll on one’s mental health and wellbeing.DiscussionAs a result of undertaking this work on a daily basis, participants reported experiencing symptoms comparable to compassion fatigue, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout, and reflected about the long-term or irreversible psychological effect that working in this role may have. Findings are discussed in relation to theoretical and practical implications, as well as directions for future research.
Impact of different interventions on preventing suicide and suicide attempt among children and adolescents in the United States: a microsimulation model study
Authors: Zhang Chengchen , Zafari Zafar , Slejko Julia F. , Camelo Castillo Wendy , Reeves Gloria M. , dosReis Susan 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDespite considerable investment in suicide prevention since 2001, there is limited evidence for the effect of suicide prevention interventions among children and adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the potential population impact of different interventions in preventing suicide-related behaviors in children and adolescents.MethodsA microsimulation model study used data from national surveys and clinical trials to emulate the dynamic processes of developing depression and care-seeking behaviors among a US sample of children and adolescents. The simulation model examined the effect of four hypothetical suicide prevention interventions on preventing suicide and suicide attempt in children and adolescents as follows: (1) reduce untreated depression by 20, 50, and 80% through depression screening; (2) increase the proportion of acute-phase treatment completion to 90% (i.e., reduce treatment attrition); (3) suicide screening and treatment among the depressed individuals; and (4) suicide screening and treatment to 20, 50, and 80% of individuals in medical care settings. The model without any intervention simulated was the baseline. We estimated the difference in the suicide rate and risk of suicide attempts in children and adolescents between baseline and different interventions.ResultsNo significant reduction in the suicide rate was observed for any of the interventions. A significant decrease in the risk of suicide attempt was observed for reducing untreated depression by 80%, and for suicide screening to individuals in medical settings as follows: 20% screened: −0.68% (95% credible interval (CI): −1.05%, −0.56%), 50% screened: −1.47% (95% CI: −2.00%, −1.34%), and 80% screened: −2.14% (95% CI: −2.48%, −2.08%). Combined with 90% completion of acute-phase treatment, the risk of suicide attempt changed by −0.33% (95% CI: −0.92%, 0.04%), −0.56% (95% CI: −1.06%, −0.17%), and −0.78% (95% CI: −1.29%, −0.40%) for reducing untreated depression by 20, 50, and 80%, respectively. Combined with suicide screening and treatment among the depressed, the risk of suicide attempt changed by −0.27% (95% CI: −0.dd%, −0.16%), −0.66% (95% CI: −0.90%, −0.46%), and −0.90% (95% CI: −1.10%, −0.69%) for reducing untreated depression by 20, 50, and 80%, respectively.ConclusionReducing undertreatment (the untreated and dropout) of depression and suicide screening and treatment in medical care settings may be effective in preventing suicide-related behaviors in children and adolescents.
Associations of vitamin D-related single nucleotide polymorphisms with post-stroke depression among ischemic stroke population
Authors: Sun Dongren , Song Mingyu , Zeng Chang , Chen Hengshu , Zhang Jingyuan , Liu Fan , Luo Shihang , Liao Qiao , Xiao Yeqing , Xu Weiye , Zeng Danfeng , Tan Zheren , Tian Fafa , Huang Xia 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to vitamin D (VitD) metabolism and post-stroke depression (PSD) in patients with ischemic stroke.MethodsA total of 210 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled at the Department of Neurology in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, from July 2019 to August 2021. SNPs in the VitD metabolic pathway (VDR, CYP2R1, CYP24A1, and CYP27B1) were genotyped using the SNPscan™ multiplex SNP typing kit. Demographic and clinical data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Multiple genetic models including dominant, recessive, and over-dominant models were utilized to analyze the associations between SNPs and PSD.ResultsIn the dominant, recessive, and over-dominant models, no significant association was observed between the selected SNPs in the CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 genes and PSD. However, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the CYP27B1 rs10877012 G/G genotype was associated with a decreased risk of PSD (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.92, p = 0.030 and OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–0.98, p = 0.040, respectively). Furthermore, haplotype association analysis indicated that rs11568820-rs1544410-rs2228570-rs7975232-rs731236 CCGAA haplotype in the VDR gene was associated with a reduced risk of PSD (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03–0.65, p = 0.010), whereas no significant association was observed between haplotypes in the CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 genes and PSD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the polymorphisms of VitD metabolic pathway genes VDR and CYP27B1 may be associated with PSD in patients with ischemic stroke.
Nurses’ experiences of a screening and associated psychosomatic consultation service for mental comorbidities in somatic care inpatients – a qualitative study
Authors: Braunschneider Lea-Elena , Seiderer Johannes , Loeper Siobhan , Löwe Bernd , Kohlmann Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundScreening for mental comorbidities and related liaison service can reduce hospital length of stay in somatic hospital care. To develop, test and sustain such health care services, stakeholder feedback is required. One of the most important stakeholders in general hospital care and health care processes are nurses.AimThe aim of this study is to explore nurses’ experiencess on standardized nurse-led screening for mental comorbidities and associated psychosomatic consultation service in routine somatic inpatient care.MethodSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 nurses that were involved in a nurse-led screening service for mental comorbidities on internal medicine or dermatological wards. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsEight thematic groups were developed. On the one hand, participants reported benefits of screening: mental health education, general mental health awareness, holistic treatment approach, opportunity to build rapport with patients and reduction in workload. On the other hand, possible psychological effects of the intervention, reasons why patients may not want to be referred and application requirements to facilitate delivery were identified. None of the nurses opposed screening and associated psychosomatic consultation service.ConclusionAll nurses endorsed the screening intervention and considered it meaningful. Nurses particularly emphasized the potential for holistic patient care and nurses’ improved skills and competencies, but partly critizised current application requirements.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study adds on existent evidence on nurse-led screening for mental comorbidities and associated psychosomatic consultation service by emphasizing its potential to improve both patient care as well as nurses’ perceived self-efficacy and job satisfaction. To take full advantage of this potential, however, usability improvements, regular supervision, and ongoing training for nurses need to be considered.
Rasch analyses of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report in neurodegenerative and major depressive disorders
Authors: Vaccarino Anthony L. , Black Sandra E. , Gilbert Evans Susan , Frey Benicio N. , Javadi Mojib , Kennedy Sidney H. , Lam Benjamin , Lam Raymond W. , Lasalandra Bianca , Martens Emily , Masellis Mario , Milev Roumen , Mitchell Sara , Munoz Douglas P. , Sparks Alana , Swartz Richard H. , Tan Brian , Uher Rudolf , Evans Kenneth R. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundSymptoms of depression are present in neurodegenerative disorders (ND). It is important that depression-related symptoms be adequately screened and monitored in persons living with ND. The Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) is a widely-used self-report measure to assess and monitor depressive severity across different patient populations. However, the measurement properties of the QIDS-SR have not been assessed in ND.AimTo use Rasch Measurement Theory to assess the measurement properties of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) in ND and in comparison to major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsDe-identified data from the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (NCT04104373) and Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression (NCT01655706) were used in the analyses. Five hundred and twenty participants with ND (Alzheimer’s disease or mild cognitive impairment, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, frontotemporal dementia and Parkinson’s disease) and 117 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) were administered the QIDS-SR. Rasch Measurement Theory was used to assess measurement properties of the QIDS-SR, including unidimensionality and item-level fit, category ordering, item targeting, person separation index and reliability and differential item functioning.ResultsThe QIDS-SR fit well to the Rasch model in ND and MDD, including unidimensionality, satisfactory category ordering and goodness-of-fit. Item-person measures (Wright maps) showed gaps in item difficulties, suggesting poor precision for persons falling between those severity levels. Differences between mean person and item measures in the ND cohort logits suggest that QIDS-SR items target more severe depression than experienced by the ND cohort. Some items showed differential item functioning between cohorts.ConclusionThe present study supports the use of the QIDS-SR in MDD and suggest that the QIDS-SR can be also used to screen for depressive symptoms in persons with ND. However, gaps in item targeting were noted that suggests that the QIDS-SR cannot differentiate participants falling within certain severity levels. Future studies would benefit from examination in a more severely depressed ND cohort, including those with diagnosed clinical depression.
Anxiety and posttraumatic stress in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: prevalence, characteristics, comorbidity, and clinical correlates
Authors: Ferrando Stephen J. , Lynch Sean , Ferrando Nicole , Dornbush Rhea , Shahar Sivan , Klepacz Lidia 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAnxiety and post-traumatic stress symptoms have been reported in association with acute and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC).PurposeThis study aimed to document the cross-sectional prevalence, characteristics and clinical correlates of anxiety and post-traumatic stress in a study of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19.Method75 participants recruited from a post-COVID-19 recovery program and the community were assessed for sociodemographic, medical, psychiatric, and neurocognitive symptoms and performance. The generalized anxiety questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) and post-traumatic stress disorder questionnaire for DSM5 (PCL5) were utilized to measure anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Established cutoff scoring for the GAD-7 and algorithm-based scoring of the PCL5 were utilized to determine clinically significant anxiety symptoms and PTSD, respectively.ResultsThe cohort was 71% female, 36% ethnic minority, with the main age of 43.5 years, 80% employment, 40% with the prior psychiatric treatment history and 2/3 seeking post-COVID care for PASC. Clinically significant anxiety symptoms were found in 31% and PTSD was found in 29% of the cohort. Nervousness and excessive worry were the most prominent anxiety symptoms, while changes in mood/cognition and avoidance were most frequent in PTSD. There was a high degree of comorbidity between clinically significant anxiety symptoms, PTSD, depression and fatigue. In logistic regression, acute COVID illness severity, prior psychiatric history, and memory complaints (but not objective neuropsychological performance) predicted clinically significant anxiety symptoms and/or PTSD.ConclusionClinically significant anxiety and PTSD are found in approximately 1 of 3 individuals after COVID-19 infection. They are highly comorbid with each other as well as with depression and fatigue. All patients seeking care for PASC should be screened for these neuropsychiatric complications. Symptoms of worry, nervousness, subjective changes in mood, and cognition as well as behavioral avoidance are particularly important targets of clinical intervention.
Is befriending a valuable intervention in schizophrenia? A scoping review
Authors: Farcas Adriana , Campbell Mackenzie , Wong Charmaine , Iftene Felicia 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a severe, chronic mental disorder that involves disruptions in cognitive processes, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. Psychotherapeutic and social integration practices have increasingly been added to the pharmacological treatment in an effort to improve the level of functioning and the quality of life of individuals affected by this condition. Befriending, defined as a one-on-one companionship provided by a volunteer who aims to act as an emotionally supportive liaison, is hypothesized to be an effective such intervention, offering support for building and maintaining social relationships in the community. Despite its increase in popularity and acceptance, befriending remains poorly understood and under-researched.MethodsWe performed a systematic search for studies targeting befriending either as an intervention or a controlled condition in studies on schizophrenia. Searches were performed in four databases: APA PsycInfo, Pubmed, Medline and EBSCO. The keywords “schizophrenia,” AND “befriending,” were searched for on all databases.ResultsThe search yielded 93 titles and abstracts, of which 18 met the criteria for inclusion. The studies included in this review have all incorporated befriending as an intervention or a controlled condition, as per our search criteria, and aimed at depicting the value and feasibility of this intervention to address social and clinical deficits in individuals with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe studies selected for this scoping review revealed inconsistent findings regarding the effect of befriending on overall symptoms and the subjective reporting of quality of life in individuals with schizophrenia. This inconsistency may be attributed to differences between the studies and their specific limitations.