bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between MIND diet and cognitive function among Chinese middle aged and older adults: A 9‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Huang Liyan , Tao Yang , Chen Hui , Chen Xiao , Shen Jie , Zhao Caifeng , He Mengjie , Zhu Dafang , Yang Ming , Zhang Ronghua , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEvidence on the association of Mediterranean‐DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet with cognitive function is limited. This study examined how MIND diet is related to cognitive function among Chinese middle aged and older adults.MethodThis longitudinal study comprised 4066 participants aged ≥55 years from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1997. Dietary assessment (using 3‐day 24‐hour dietary recalls) and cognitive tests (using modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status) were conducted repeatedly from 1997 to 2006. The study MIND diet score was calculated based on 9 healthy food groups and 3 unhealthy food groups. Linear mixed‐effects models were used to investigate the relation of MIND diet adherence to cognitive function (z‐score).ResultThe median MIND score was 4.5 (range: 0‐12) among overall participants at baseline. During a mean follow‐up of 5.9 years, participants with higher scores of MIND diet had significant better global cognitive function in subsequent years. In the multivariable‐adjusted model, the regression coefficients (95% CI) across the tertiles of MIND score were 0 (ref), 0.01 (‐0.03, 0.06), and 0.07 (0.02, 0.11), respectively. For dietary components, highest consumption (T3 vs T1) of nuts (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.38), fish (β = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.16), poultry (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.16), red meat (β = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.14), tea (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.13), and green leafy vegetable (β = 0.04, 95% CI: ‐0.00, 0.09) were associated with better global cognitive function, whereas highest intake of fried food (β = ‐0.18, 95% CI: ‐0.26, ‐0.10), pastries and sweets (β = ‐0.07, 95% CI: ‐0.16, 0.02) demonstrated opposite associations. Furthermore, the beneficial association of MIND diet with cognitive function was stronger among residents in rural areas, soutern areas, and among illiterate participants though significant effect modifications were not observed.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher adherence to MIND diet was associated with better cognitive function in later life. Further research is warranted to confirm the findings and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Canonical correlation analysis of hippocampus and basal forebrain cholinergic brain structures with cognitive domain‐specific performance scores
Authors: Ardekani Babak , Zaborszky Laszlo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundHippocampal atrophy is a diagnostic marker of AD and various compartments of the basal forebrain cholinergic (BFC) system also show volume reductions that correlate with cortical thinning and volume reduction in their innervated targets in the hippocampus. Moreover, bilateral volume loss of the nucleus basalis Meynert (Ch4) and spreading the atrophy to medial septum and vertical limb of the diagonal band of Broca (Ch12) in preclinical and prodromal AD show correlation with abnormal CSF levels of Aβ1‐42 and phosphorylated tau. It is unclear, however, how volume integrity of hippocampus and various compartments of the cholinergic space (Ch12 and Ch4) associate with specific cognitive domains.MethodData from 402 participants were downloaded from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative [120 AD, 118 cognitively normal (CN), and 164 mild cognitive impairment (MCI)]. For each participant, domain‐specific performance scores were downloaded for: memory (ADNI‐MEM), executive function (ADNI‐EF), language (ADNI‐LAN) and visuo‐spatial ability (ADNI‐VS). In addition, all participants had 3D T1‐weighted structural MRI scans (3T) from which we computed the structural integrity measures for the left and right hippocampus (LHC, RHC), Ch4 (LCH4, RCH4) and Ch12 (LCH12, RCH12) BFC nuclei. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to determine the association between the 4 cognitive measures on the one hand and the 6 brain structural MRI measures on the other hand after controlling for age and sex.ResultThe first and second canonical correlation coefficients were found to be statistically significant: r1 = .56 (p<.001) and r2 = .23 (p = .011). The first pair of canonical correlation vectors (CCVs), indicated that predominantly ADNI‐MEM (Fig. 1) is associate with a bilateral hippocampal integrity (LHC and RHC) (Fig. 2) particularly on the right. Moreover, the corresponding cognitive and structural canonical variates differentiated between CN, MCI and AD (Fig. 3). The second pair of CCVs indicated that predominately ADNI‐LAN (Fig. 4) was associated with RHC>LHC asymmetry (Fig. 5). However, the corresponding canonical variates did not differentiate between groups (Fig. 6).ConclusionBilateral hippocampal atrophy is associated with reduced ADNI‐MEM performance, and both differentiate CN, MCI and AD. Asymmetry of the hippocampal volumetric integrity is associated with ADNI‐LAN (LZ was supported by NIH RF1NS023945‐28).
Peripheral transport proteins were associated with 4‐year cognitive decline in APOE ε4 non‐carriers: A longitudinal, population‐based study
Authors: Gao Ling , Qu Qiumin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundSoluble low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1 (sLRP1) and soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) play major roles in peripheral clearance of amyloid‐β (Aβ).We aim to determine the relationship between baseline sLRP1/sRAGE and early cognitive decline in a longitudinal study and explore the possible effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on their association.MethodCognitively normal subjects were followed‐up for 4 years. The baseline plasma levels of sLRP1 and sRAGE were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Global cognition was evaluated by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and cognitive decline was defined as a ≥2‐point decrease of MMSE after 4‐years. The association between baseline sLRP1/sRAGE and 4‐year cognitive decline were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Interaction analysis was performed to discover the potential effect of APOE genotype on the relationship.Result769 participants were included in the final analysis, with 122 subjects (15.86%) were cognitive decline. Baseline sLRP1/sRAGE levels were not associated with 4‐year cognitive decline after multivariable adjustments in the total cohort. However, there was significant interaction effect between sRAGE and APOE genotype on cognitive decline (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13‐3.86, p = 0.019). Lower levels of sRAGE were associated with increased risk of cognitive decline among APOE ε4 non‐carriers (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04‐2.48, p = 0.034).ConclusionIndividuals with lower levels of sRAGE had an increased risk of 4‐year cognitive decline in APOE ε4 non‐carriers, indicating that the association between sRAGE and cognitive decline might depend on the APOE genotype. However, the specific mechanisms need to be further elucidated.
Cognitive function and its influencing factors in chinese with advanced age: An observational study based on comprehensive geriatric assessment
Authors: Chen Lihua , Liu Bei , Liu Xingtong , Zhang Mengtong , Lü Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is an age‐related clinical problem that has a significant negative impact on the quality of life of elderly individuals. Hence, it is necessary to identify and intervene the factors affecting cognitive impairment early. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic process used to evaluated the medical, psychosocial, and functional abilities of older adults. This study aimed to evaluated the cognitive function and to explored the risk factors in the old elderly in Chongqing, southwest China by analyzing the CGA assessment data.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 551 inpatients aged 80 years or older of Department of Geriatrics in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from July 2017 to August 2018. Participants were measured with CGA to assess the physical condition, cognition, mental health status, fatigue, nutrition, and presence of geriatric syndromes. Cognitive function was assessed with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The factors associated with cognitive function were analyzed with independent sample t‐test, chi‐square test, and rank‐sum test. The relationship between cognitive impairment and risk factors was examined with logistic regression analysis.ResultAmong the 551 subjects, 313 (56.8%) had different degrees of cognitive impairment. The cognition function was obviously correlated with literacy (z = ‐3.294,P< 0.001), diabetes (x² = 6.862,P< 0.009), nutrition (z = ‐3.466, P<0.001), GDS‐5 (x² = 25.955, P<0.000). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.117, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1048–1.190), no diabetes (OR = 0.628, 95% CI:0.400–0.984), normal GDS‐5 (OR = 2.417, 95%CI: 1.568–3.000), and malnourished (OR = 2.481, 95%CI:1.159–5.313) were significantly associated with cognitive function.ConclusionOur results suggest that age, poor literacy, diabetes, depression and malnutrition are significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Therefore, improving nutritional status, controlling blood glucose and regulating emotions have positive regulatory effects on cognitive function of the older elderly.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Mexican clinical and community based‐study
Authors: Alarcón Edgar Iván Jiménez , Acosta‐Castillo Gilberto Isaac , Ibarrola Mariana Longoria , Sosa‐Ortiz Ana Luisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common clinical manifestation in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Global prevalence of 35%‐85% is estimated, though there are inconsistencies across the studies. There are reports of its prevalence in clinical and community‐based studies but few comparisons between them.MethodsRestrospective and cross‐sectional study design. A total of 86 patients with amnestic MCI, aged 65 years or older were included. Of these, 27 were a tertiary hospital clinical sample and 59 from a population‐based study, from the 10/66 Dementia Research Group protocols. We described and compared sociodemographic, comorbidity and neuropsychiatric symptoms data, last ones measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI‐Q). Aim was to compare the frequency of NPS, its severity and caregiver distress between samples.ResultsThe most frecuent NPS in both populations were depression, anxiety and irritability with no differences between samples. Apathy was more prevalent in clinical sample versus community‐based (33.3% vs 8.47%, p: 0.009). The most severe NPS were anxiety, nightime behaviors and delusions with no differences among samples. Appetite/eating disorders had a moderate to severe caregiver distress but no differences were found.ConclusionThe results of this study are consistent with the international literature as depression been the most frecuente NPS in aMCI. Only apathy was found more prevalent in clinical community but no relation with higher severity and caregiver distress.
Pre‐stroke chronic cerebrovascular disease is a major determinant for response to structured cognitive rehabilitation following acute ischemic strokes
Authors: Leow Yi Jin , Saffari Seyed Ehsan , Chua Esther Vanessa , Mei Nyu Mei , Baharudin Nur Nazaria , Wong Fennie , Ng Sheng Chun , Ng Kok Pin , Kandiah Nagaendran 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPost Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI) is seen in 40‐60% of patients with ischemic strokes. Response of patients with PSCI to structured cognitive rehabilitation is not clearly understood. We evaluated baseline variables that predict response to an eight‐week non‐pharmacological intervention among patients with mild strokes and compared the responses to non‐pharmacological intervention among acute stroke patients with and without chronic cerebrovascular disease (CVD).Method139 ischemic stroke survivors were recruited from a tertiary hospital in Singapore. All patients underwent an eight‐week structured group cognitive rehabilitation programme (Figure 1). Baseline, immediate post‐intervention (Immediate‐PI) and 6‐month post intervention (6‐month‐PI) global cognitive and quality of life (QOL) outcomes were assessed by Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Dementia‐Quality of Life (DemQOL). Regression analyses evaluated the influence of cognitive rehabilitation on outcomes.ResultThe mean age of subjects were 63.6 (±9.66) with 64.4% males. Baseline MoCA and DemQOL scores were 23.30 (±3.05) and 79.16 (±14.80). At Immediate‐PI, patients with more past strokes (p = 0.033) and severe white matter hyperintensities (WMH) (p = 0.048), benefited less on global cognitive outcome (Table 1). Male patients (p = 0.074) and patients with more severe WMH (p = 0.048) benefited less on QOL outcome (Table 2). At 6‐month‐PI, patients with microhemorrhages in the deep region (p = 0.002) were less likely to sustain cognitive improvement. With every past stroke experienced, patients were less likely to experience an improvement in MoCA score Immediate‐PI (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 0.980‐4.813, p = 0.056). with severe WMH were less likely to experience an improvement in MoCA scores Immediate‐PI compared to baseline (OR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.04‐4.38, p = 0.039). Finally, patients with microhemorrhages in the deep region were less likely to retain the improvements in MoCA at 6‐month‐PI (OR = 19.93, 95% CI: 1.04‐384, p = 0.047)ConclusionPre‐stroke CVD were associated with worse cognitive and QoL outcomes post cognitive rehabilitation. Understanding factors that result in poor response to rehabilitation will allow clinicians to better select stroke survivors for cognitive rehabilitation. Future research could build on these findings and allocate more resources to these at‐risk groups for post‐stroke care, therefore reducing the global burden of stroke and ensuring a better QOL for stroke survivors.
Dysphagia, mealtime behaviors, and eating ability of persons living with dementia: A systematic review of psychometric properties of instruments
Authors: Kim Sohyun , Lee Kyuri , Mann Madison , Liu Wen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is critical to use validated instruments to assess dysphagia, mealtime behaviors, and eating ability of persons living with dementia to evaluate the efficacy of mealtime care interventions. However, the characteristics and psychometric quality of such instruments are unknown. This systematic review aims to synthesize the quantity and quality of instruments that assess dysphagia, mealtime behaviors, and eating ability of persons living with dementia.MethodWe searched Pubmed, CINAHL, AgeLine, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library for records published from January 1980 to July 30th, 2021. Records were eligible if they included any instrument that measures concepts of interest (i.e., dysphagia, mealtime behaviors, eating ability). Instruments were excluded if they assessed nutritional status only. Eligible instruments originally developed or later modified to measure concepts of interest were identified from eligible records. Eight characteristics of eligible instruments will be extracted: 1) development process, 2) concept/construct being operationalized, 3) sample and setting, 4) administration method, 5) description of items, 6) scoring format/interpretation, 7) reliability, and 8) validity. The Psychometric Assessment for Self‐report and Observational Tools (PAT), a newly developed psychometric quality assessment tool, will be used to evaluate the psychometric quality of eligible instruments.ResultIn total, 11,074 records were reviewed. Seventy‐nine eligible instruments were identified from 174 records. Fifteen instruments assessed swallowing ability; 5 assessed mastication ability; 6 assessed dysphagia; 24 assessed mealtime behaviors; 7 assessed eating ability; 22 assessed two or more concepts of interest.ConclusionA large number of instruments were developed and/or used to assess dysphagia, mealtime behaviors, and eating ability of persons living with dementia. All instruments’ psychometric properties will be further evaluated to inform the application and adaption of appropriate instruments for practice and research.
Utility of linguistic biomarkers for prediction of cognitive impairment and limbic predominant age related TDP‐43 neuropathologic change in the oldest old
Authors: Bubbico Giovanna , Akhlaghipour Golnoush , Khan Zainab , El‐Khoury Annelisse , Corrada María M. M. , Kawas Claudia H. , Paganini‐Hill Annlia , Sajjadi S. Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is an urgent need for accessible biomarkers that can predict cognitive impairment in older individuals. There is also a complete lack of biomarkers for TAR DNA‐binding protein‐43 (TDP‐43), a frequent and important neurodegenerative pathology in older individuals, currently referred to as Limbic‐predominant Age‐related TDP‐43 Encephalopathy‐Neuropathologic Change (LATE‐NC). Here we explored the utility of linguistic markers for prediction of future cognitive impairments and LATE‐NC.Method134 participants of the Leisure World cohort, an epidemiologic study in a California retirement community, produced written descriptions of the cookie‐theft picture from the Boston Aphasia Diagnostic Examination. All had normal cognition at the time. Samples were quantitatively analyzed for 31 linguistic markers (see table 1 for definitions of select relevant variables). Participants subsequently joined the 90+ study and underwent cognitive assessments every 6 months and autopsy after death. Cognitive impairment and its onset date were determined at postmortem conferences. LATE‐NC was considered present in those with TDP‐43 in hippocampus or neocortex, and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) in those with high likelihood ADNC according to NIA‐ AA guidelines. To examine the relationships between linguistic markers and future cognitive impairment and presence of LATE‐NC and ADNC, we used logistic regression analysis. Models were adjusted for sex, education, age at the time of writing the samples and age at death.ResultTable 2 summarizes demographic and neuropathology findings. Additionally, mean age at cognitive impairment was 93.2 in 72% who developed cognitive impairment. Future cognitive impairment was significantly associated with less information content (OR:0.02) and fewer clauses (OR:0.93) (Table 3). Also, presence of LATE‐NC was significantly associated with higher proportions of content words (OR:7.2), higher proportion of function word errors (OR:10.5), and fewer complete units (OR:0.15). Lower number of words also trended towards a significant association (OR:8, p = 0.07) with LATE‐NC. No language measure was associated with ADNC.ConclusionOur results suggest that linguistic markers derived from writing samples obtained on average 8 years prior to development of cognitive impairment and 12 years before death might serve as biomarkers for future cognitive impairment and presence of LATE‐NC at autopsy.
Importance of promoting trauma‐informed dementia therapies in a pandemic World: Building on person‐centered practices
Authors: Ione Adrienne 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFor people living with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), who are ages 65 and greater, and who are living in a COVID‐19 era have been labeled the most vulnerable among us. And yet, the pandemic holds a unique opportunity for members of this subgroup of our global population, to interact with stress in a previously unimagined way, thereby highlighting the importance of adopting trauma‐informed therapies. Although it is anticipated that 152.8 million people will be living with dementia by 2050, the pandemic is presenting a real opportunity to turn the tide. Although the bulk of research on delivering trauma‐informed yoga therapies has focused on veterans and people experiencing PTSD, this research makes a strong case for policy implementation of a systematic trauma‐informed yoga therapy program to be delivered to people living with dementia. Further, it has been suggested that participation in a 3‐month yoga and meditation program can prevent dementia development. Given the appropriate support systems, the stresses of COVID‐19 can support healthy neuronal rewiring. Stress augments the plasticity capacity of the brain’s structural and functional mechanisms. It is imperative however that within this proposed model of dementia therapy, for stress to be monitored by a trained trauma‐informed therapist to the extent that practices are not retraumatizing. For people living with ADRD, having their stresses individually dosed in a way to facilitate memory growth, thereby increasing one’s healthspan, is possible so long as stress hormones are maintained at a moderate level so as to facilitate, rather than suppress memory.
Results of a low cost dance intervention for cognitive reablement in dementia
Authors: Shah Ayushi , Bergman Nate 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground, dance therapy may offer a solution to reduce morbidity, restore aspects of cognitive ability (even if only temporarily), and potentially reduce the total cost of care to individuals and the health care system. But more reliable data on the effectiveness of dance therapy within the dementia community is neededMethodFour female participants with severe major neurocognitive disorders and loss of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) function were included. Participants were selected by the facility’s life enrichment director based on their likelihood to consistently participate in the dance intervention. Loss of ADL function was confirmed by chart review in the facility’s electronic medical record monthly functional tracking summaries. The dance intervention was done for 30 minutes three days a week for four weeks. Though not by design, Participant 4 chose not to dance and served as a tacit “control” in our review. Popular music from the 1950s, country music, and/or Christmas music was played for the duration of each dance session. The participants were evaluated by an MMSE at the beginning of the month before starting the intervention and immediately following after the final dance session.ResultAverage Change in MMSE: 3.375 points. Participant 4 decreased in MMSE score, and participant 1,2, and 3 all improvedConclusionour intervention demonstrates the feasibility of dance therapy as a potentially effective, low‐cost cognitive reablement strategy that may improve function in those already suffering with dementia and loss of independence. Future studies should be prospectively designed, ideally contain a control group, and be statistically powered to explore the role of frequency, intensity, and duration on outcomes.