bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective diagnostic test accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound posterior approach for uterosacral ligament and torus uterinus deep endometriosis
Authors: Freger S. M. , Turnbull V. , McGowan K. , Leonardi M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic test accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) using a standardized technique for the diagnosis of deep endometriosis (DE) of the uterosacral ligaments (USLs) and adjacent torus uterinus (TU).MethodsThis was a prospective diagnostic test accuracy study conducted at the McMaster University Medical Center Tertiary Endometriosis Clinic, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Consecutive participants were enrolled if they successfully underwent TVS and surgery by our team from 10 August 2020 to 31 October 2021. The index test was TVS using a standardized posterior approach performed and interpreted by an expert sonologist. The reference standard included direct surgical visualization on laparoscopy by the same person who performed and interpreted the ultrasound scans. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) and positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for the TVS posterior approach for each location using the reference standard.ResultsThere were 54 consecutive participants included upon completion of laparoscopy and histological assessment. The prevalence of DE for the left USL, right USL and TU was 42.6%, 22.2% and 14.8%, respectively. Based on surgical visualization as the reference standard, TVS demonstrated an accuracy of 92.6% (95% CI, 82.1–97.9%), sensitivity of 82.6% (95% CI, 61.2–95.1%), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 88.8–100%), PPV of 100% and NPV of 88.6% (95% CI, 76.1–95.0%) for diagnosing DE in the left USL. For DE of the right USL, TVS demonstrated an accuracy of 94.4% (95% CI, 84.6–98.8%), sensitivity of 75.0% (95% CI, 42.8–94.5%), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 91.6–100%), PPV of 100% and NPV of 93.3% (95% CI, 84.0–97.4%). For DE of the TU, TVS demonstrated an accuracy of 100% (95% CI, 93.4–100%), sensitivity of 100% (95% CI, 63.1–100%), specificity of 100% (95% CI, 92.3–100%), PPV of 100% and NPV of 100%.ConclusionsWe observed high diagnostic test accuracy of the evaluated standardized TVS technique for assessing DE of the USLs and TU. Further studies evaluating this technique should be performed, particularly with less experienced observers, before considering this technique as the standard approach. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Smart Sensor Arrays
Authors: Terasa Maik-Ivo , Siebert Leonard , Holtz Pia , Kaps Sören , Lupan Oleg , Carstensen Jürgen , Faupel Franz , Vahl Alexander , Adelung Rainer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSensors play a crucial role in our everyday life and will become more and more demanded with the transition towards smart cities and the “Internet of Things” with the result of an ever-increasing energy demand. Thus, the research of improving the energy efficiency of sensor systems has started to move towards edge computing and neuromorphic engineering while at the same time additive manufacturing has gained increasing attention as a means for a rapid, scalable fabrication of functional devices yet with huge design freedom and quick iteration cycles during the development phase. In this chapter the junction of pre-designed components with self-organizing material systems for the facile fabrication of sensor devices via direct ink writing is demonstrated. As examples 3D-printed CuO/Cu2O/Cu- and CuO/Fe2O3 acetone gas sensors are shown, as well as how the decoration of metal-oxide semiconducting sensor materials with noble metallic nanoparticles can enhance the sensor properties with respect to sensitivity, selectivity and stability. Finally, the assembly of conductive bridges between electrodes stimulated by voltage pulses is introduced as an approach towards facilitating the self-organization of neuromorphic circuits.
MemFlash—Floating Gate Transistors as Memristors
Authors: Winterfeld Henning , Kohlstedt Hermann , Ziegler Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe idea of resistive switching devices is originally based on the fact that the application of electric fields changes the atomic structure locally and thus also the electronic structure of the material. This leads globally to a sustained change in the resistance of the material layer, which is generally referred to as resistive switching. In resistive switching devices, these atomic reconfigurations are reversible and allow the state to be maintained for a long time, which is why the devices are referred to as memristive devices (also named Memristor). Memristive devices can be realized as two terminal devices in a metal-insulator-metal structure. In the MemFlash cell, there is no atomic rearrangement in the device and therefore is a purely electronic based switching device. The basic components of the MemFlash cell are floating gate transistors, which are reduced from a three-terminal to a two-terminal device by means of a diode-like wiring scheme and thus exhibit memristive switching behavior. In this book chapter, the MemFlash cell is introduced.
Critical Discussion of Ex situ and In situ TEM Measurements on Memristive Devices
Authors: Gronenberg Ole , Haberfehlner Georg , Zahari Finn , Marquardt Richard , Kübel Christian , Kothleitner Gerald , Kienle Lorenz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMemristors are promising candidates for new memory technologies and are capable to mimic synapses in artificial neural networks. The switching in memristive devices occurs typically in few nanometer thin dielectric layers. The direct observation of the switching mechanism is crucial for better comprehension and improvements of memristors. Therefore, in situ experiments are conducted in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). However, sample preparation processes and electron beam irradiation can lead to a chemical and structural modification of the active layers. Moreover, devices may show significant device-to-device variability due to the details of processing parameters. Thus, it is essential to characterize the identical device electrically before microstructural analysis.
Mixed-state entanglement for AdS Born-Infeld theory
Authors: Liu Peng , Yang Zhe , Niu Chao , Zhang Cheng-Yong , Wu Jian-Pin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study the mixed-state entanglement for AdS Born-Infeld (BI) theory. We calculate the mixed-state entanglement and investigate the relationship between it and the system parameters. We find that the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE) and mutual information (MI) exhibit monotonically increasing and decreasing behavior with BI factor b. However, the entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS) exhibits a very rich set of phenomena about system parameters. EWCS always increases with b when b is small and then monotonically decreases with b. These behaviors suggest that increasing the BI factor, which is essentially enhancing the coupling between the background geometry and the transport properties can always enhance the EWCS. The coupling between the entanglement and the transport behaviors has also been studied in condensed matter theories and is important to construct a stable quantum circuit. We also provide analytical understanding of the above phenomenon. Furthermore, we have tested two additional BI-like models and find the universality of these results, suggesting the crucial role of the BI term in governing the interplay between nonlinear electromagnetic effects and entanglement.
Identifying the severity of diabetic retinopathy by visual function measures using both traditional statistical methods and interpretable machine learning: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wright David M. , Chakravarthy Usha , Das Radha , Graham Katie W. , Naskas Timos T. , Perais Jennifer , Kee Frank , Peto Tunde , Hogg Ruth E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
To determine the extent to which diabetic retinopathy severity stage may be classified using machine learning (ML) and commonly used clinical measures of visual function together with age and sex.

Methods
We measured the visual function of 1901 eyes from 1032 participants in the Northern Ireland Sensory Ageing Study, deriving 12 variables from nine visual function tests. Missing values were imputed using chained equations. Participants were divided into four groups using clinical measures and grading of ophthalmic images: no diabetes mellitus (no DM), diabetes but no diabetic retinopathy (DM no DR), diabetic retinopathy without diabetic macular oedema (DR no DMO) and diabetic retinopathy with DMO (DR with DMO). Ensemble ML models were fitted to classify group membership for three tasks, distinguishing (A) the DM no DR group from the no DM group; (B) the DR no DMO group from the DM no DR group; and (C) the DR with DMO group from the DR no DMO group. More conventional multiple logistic regression models were also fitted for comparison. An interpretable ML technique was used to rank the contribution of visual function variables to predictions and to disentangle associations between diabetic eye disease and visual function from artefacts of the data collection process.

Results
The performance of the ensemble ML models was good across all three classification tasks, with accuracies of 0.92, 1.00 and 0.84, respectively, for tasks A–C, substantially exceeding the accuracies for logistic regression (0.84, 0.61 and 0.80, respectively). Reading index was highly ranked for tasks A and B, whereas near visual acuity and Moorfields chart acuity were important for task C. Microperimetry variables ranked highly for all three tasks, but this was partly due to a data artefact (a large proportion of missing values).

Conclusions/interpretation
Ensemble ML models predicted status of diabetic eye disease with high accuracy using just age, sex and measures of visual function. Interpretable ML methods enabled us to identify profiles of visual function associated with different stages of diabetic eye disease, and to disentangle associations from artefacts of the data collection process. Together, these two techniques have great potential for developing prediction models using untidy real-world clinical data.

Graphical Abstract
Use of Targeted Orographic Smoothing in Very High Resolution Simulations of a Downslope Windstorm and Rotor in a Sub-tropical Highland Location
Authors: Sheridan Peter , Xu Anlun , Li Jian , Furtado Kalli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNested simulations of a downslope windstorm over Cangshan mountain, Yunnan, China, have been used to demonstrate a method of topographic smoothing that preserves a relatively large amount of terrain detail compared to typical smoothing procedures required for models with terrain-following grids to run stably. The simulations were carried out using the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) to investigate downslope winds. The smoothing method seamlessly blends two terrain datasets to which uniform smoothing has been applied–one with a minimum of smoothing, the other smoothed more heavily to remove gradients that would cause model instabilities. The latter dataset dominates the blend where the steepest slopes exist, but this is localised and recedes outside these areas. As a result, increased detail is starkly apparent in depictions of flow simulated using the blend, compared to one using the default approach. This includes qualitative flow details that were absent in the latter, such as narrow shooting flows emerging from roughly 1–2 km wide leeside channels. Flow separation is more common due to steeper lee slopes. The use of targeted smoothing also results in increased lee side temporal variability at a given point during the windstorm, including over flat areas. Low-/high-pass filtering of the wind perturbation field reveals that relative spatial variability above 30 km in scale (reflecting the background flow) is similar whether or not targeting is used. Beneath this scale, when smoothing is targeted, relative flow variability decreases at the larger scales, and increases at lower scales. This seems linked to fast smaller scale flows disturbing more coherent flows (notably an along-valley current over Erhai Lake). Spatial variability of winds in the model is unsurprisingly weaker at key times than is observed across a local network sampling mesoscale variation, but results are compromised due to relatively few observation locations sampling the windstorm. Only when targeted smoothing is applied does the model capture the downslope windstorm’s extension over the city of Dali at the mountain’s foot, and the peak mean absolute wind.
Unveiling pseudo-pulseless electrical activity (pseudo-PEA) in ultrasound-integrated infant resuscitation
Authors: Chan Belinda , Sieg Susan , Singh Yogen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoint-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) holds immense potential to manage critically deteriorating infants within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is increasingly used in neonatal clinical practice worldwide. Recent ultrasound-based protocols such as the Sonographic Assessment of liFe-threatening Emergencies-Revised (SAFE-R) and Crashing Neonate Protocol (CNP) offer step-by-step guidance for diagnosing and addressing reversible causes of cardiorespiratory collapse. Traditionally, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) has been diagnosed solely based on absent pulses on clinical examination, disregarding myocardial activity. However, integrating POCUS into resuscitation unveils the concept of pseudo-PEA, where cardiac motion activity is observed visually on the ultrasound but fails to generate a detectable pulse due to inadequate cardiac output. Paradoxically, existing neonatal resuscitation protocols lack directives for identifying and effectively leveraging pseudo-PEA insights in infants, limiting their potential to enhance outcomes. Pseudo-PEA is extensively described in adult literature owing to routine POCUS use in resuscitation. This review article comprehensively evaluates the adult pseudo-PEA literature to glean insights adaptable to neonatal care. Additionally, we propose a simple strategy to integrate POCUS during neonatal resuscitation, especially in infants who do not respond to routine measures.Conclusion: Pseudo-PDA is a newly recognized diagnosis in infants with the use of POCUS during resuscitation. This article highlights the importance of cross-disciplinary learning in tackling emerging challenges within neonatal medicine.

What is known:• Point-of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) benefits adult cardiac arrest management, particularly in distinguishing true Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) from pseudo-PEA.• Pseudo-PEA is when myocardial motion can be seen on ultrasound but fails to generate palpable pulses or sustain circulation despite evident cardiac electrical activity.

What is new:• Discuss recognition and management of pseudo-PEA in infants.• A proposed algorithm to integrate POCUS into active neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) procedures.
Exploration of plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure among women who are post-menopause
Authors: Green Lauren , Byham-Gray Laura , Kurzer Mindy , Samavat Hamed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Research suggests that adiponectin, leptin, and genetic polymorphisms such as catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genotype may play an integral role in blood pressure status and thereby cardiovascular health. This is an area especially important for women who are post-menopause; however, the current literature investigating these associations is limited. This study was a cross-sectional secondary analysis of baseline data (N 237) from the Minnesota Green Tea Trial (MGTT). The current study explored the relationships between plasma adiponectin, leptin, and COMT genotype on blood pressure measures. Plasma adiponectin and leptin were obtained after an overnight fast of at least 10 h and were measured by the radioimmunoassay method. The relationships were analysed using multiple linear regression after adjusting for potential confounders. Effect modifications by age, body mass index (BMI) category, blood pressure category, antihypertensive medication use, and COMT genotype were also investigated. The majority of participants were non-Hispanic (97⋅9 %) and Caucasian (94⋅9 %). Mean (sd) age and BMI were 60⋅7 (5⋅0) years and 28⋅2 (2⋅9) kg/m2, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, neither plasma adiponectin, plasma leptin nor COMT genotype was associated with systolic or diastolic blood pressure measures. The results of stratified analyses also did not reveal any significant interactions or associations. Based on the findings of this study, which utilised more rigorous statistical methods than previous research, neither adiponectin, leptin nor COMT genotype play a role in blood pressure measures in women who are post-menopause.
Metamorphosis of an intellectual: Gaetano Salvemini, exile in Europe and the United States
Authors: Camurri Renato 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLong neglected, Gaetano Salvemini's years of exile (1925–1949) now constitute a crucial period for reconsidering his intellectual and political profile. This article intends first to propose an overall interpretation of Salvemini's exile that considers the years 1919 to 1925 as the culmination of a profound turning point in his life. The central part of the essay is devoted to reconstructing the genesis of Salvemini's relationship with the United States and dwells on the reflections written after his first trip overseas in 1927. In them it is possible to find a clear analysis of the impact of Fascist propaganda on American soil and a definition of the tasks that exiles were called upon to perform in their host countries. Building on these premises, the study rereads Salvemini's years of American exile by focusing on three aspects. Firstly, his great ability to adapt to the American academic world. Secondly, his commitment to the field of research, with works dedicated to the study of Fascism, some centred on a reinterpretation of the concept of democracy and others on the methodology of history. Thirdly, his prodigious activity carried out in the antifascist struggle.
Watching birds: observation, photography and the ‘ethological eye’
Authors: Nixon Sean 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe article reflects upon the observational practices and methods developed by the early exponents of ethology committed to naturalistic field study and explores how their approaches and techniques influenced a wider field of popular natural-history filmmaking and photography. In doing so, my focus is upon three aspects of ethological field studies: the socio-technical devices used by ethologists to bring birds closer to them, the distinctive observational and representational practices which they forged, and the analogies they used to codify behaviour. This assemblage of elements included hides or screens from which to watch wild birds without disturbing them, optics to extend human vision, pens and paper to sketch and fix patterns of behaviour, watches to record timings, photography to capture action and freeze movement, and illustration and photographs to visualize behaviour. Carried through natural-history networks, the practices, methods and theories of ethologists like Huxley and Tinbergen influenced popular natural-history filmmaking and photography more broadly from the 1940s, driving a behavioural turn in these cultural practices. This popularization of the ‘ethological eye’ was further facilitated by the convergence of socio-technical devices, forms of observation and dramatization in the work of the early exponents of naturalistic field studies of birds and the popular filmmakers.
PLATO, SOPHIST 259C7–D7: CONTRARY PREDICATION AND GENUINE REFUTATION
Authors: Proios John D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper defends an interpretation of Plato, Soph. 259c7–d7, which describes a distinction between genuine and pretender forms of ‘examination’ or ‘refutation’ (ἔλεγχος). The passage speaks to a need, throughout the dialogue, to differentiate the truly philosophical method from the merely eristic method. But its contribution has been obscured by the appearance of a textual problem at 259c7–8. As a result, scholars have largely not recognized that the Eleatic Stranger recommends accepting contrary predication as a condition of genuine refutation. After reviewing various proposals to change the text, the paper defends this reading. Finally, the paper turns to the methodological significance of accepting contrary predication. The dialogue depicts contrary predication as an instance of a class of statements that compel the soul's disbelief. Soph. 259c7–d7 suggests that these kinds of statements are a crossroad: one can either reject them and turn to eristic discourse or accept them and practise genuine refutation. The paper reflects on what this indicates about Plato's meditations on contradiction and philosophy.
Ambiguities of urban détente: East German town twinning and the struggle with globalization in the 1960s
Authors: Rau Christian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article provides a fresh perspective on the history of East German town twinning in the early era of détente. While previous studies have analysed East German town twinning solely as an instrument of the Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED) to establish paradiplomatic relations in Western Europe, I explore the dynamic inter-relation between global, national and local actors and the ambiguities of urban détente. I reveal the importance of the German Association of Towns and Municipalities (Deutsche Städte- und Gemeindetag, DStuG), the East German association of municipalities, which crucially shaped the East German concept of urban détente through practising trans-local exchange. The role played by the DStuG was backed by the United Towns Organization (UTO), a non-governmental organization founded in 1957 whose aim was to form a global network of cities beyond the East–West divide. In 1960, the DStuG joined the UTO as a member and consciously used its new position to expand its scope and improve its national status through actively working on the conceptualization of urban détente. However, the conflicts between the East German foreign ministry and the UTO grew bigger, resulting in the marginalization of the DStuG and town twinning in the SED’s concept of détente. These conflicts encouraged the UTO to redefine its global approach.