bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences and preferences of individuals living with a musculoskeletal disorder regarding prognosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Mullen Nicholas , Ashby Samantha , Haskins Robin , Osmotherly Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractQuestion(s)What are the experiences and preferences of individuals living with a musculoskeletal disorder regarding prognosis?DesignExploratory phenomenological study.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 18‐year or older currently experiencing a musculoskeletal disorder and receiving treatment from a physiotherapist.Data AnalysisData were collected through semi‐structured interviews and analysed using inductive coding and thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were identified. First, participants described seeking a cause for their pain. This influenced their experience of prognosis as they perceived a diagnosis was required to inform their prognosis. Second, whilst participants wished to receive a prognosis from their physiotherapist, this was often not their experience. Third, participants perceived that physiotherapists have the potential to impact prognosis through exercise prescription, management of conditions, and improving function. Fourth, receiving a prognosis can have both a positive and negative impact on the individual. Positive impacts include planning for the future, motivation, knowledge acquisition, and instilling hope. However, receiving a prognosis can be disheartening if a patient's expectations are unmet. Finally, participants have several preferences regarding receiving a prognosis including when and how often the prognosis is discussed, what prognostic information is provided, how the prognosis is presented, and what prognosis based on.ConclusionIndividuals wish to receive a prognosis, although this is not always their experience. Individuals perceive that physiotherapists have the ability to provide a prognosis and impact their prognosis. Furthermore, receiving a prognosis has an impact on itself. To ensure patient‐centred care, physiotherapists should explicitly discuss the prognosis with patients and consider their preferences when providing a prognosis.
Developing and testing inter‐rater reliability of a data collection tool for patient health records on end‐of‐life care of neurological patients in an acute hospital ward
Authors: Jonsdottir Gudrun , Haraldsdottir Erna , Sigurdardottir Valgerdur , Thoroddsen Asta , Vilhjalmsson Runar , Tryggvadottir Gudny Bergthora , Jonsdottir Helga 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimDevelop and test a data collection tool—Neurological End‐Of‐Life Care Assessment Tool (NEOLCAT)—for extracting data from patient health records (PHRs) on end‐of‐life care of neurological patients in an acute hospital ward.DesignInstrument development and inter‐rater reliability (IRR) assessment.MethodNEOLCAT was constructed from patient care items obtained from clinical guidelines and literature on end‐of‐life care. Expert clinicians reviewed the items. Using percentage agreement and Fleiss' kappa we calculated IRR on 32 nominal items, out of 76 items.ResultsIRR of NEOLCAT showed 89% (range 83%–95%) overall categorical percentage agreement. The Fleiss' kappa categorical coefficient was 0.84 (range 0.71–0.91). There was fair or moderate agreement on six items, and moderate or almost perfect agreement on 26 items.ConclusionThe NEOLCAT shows promising psychometric properties for studying clinical components of care of neurological patients at the end‐of‐life on an acute hospital ward but could be further developed in future studies.
Fusion with type 2 macrophages induces melanoma cell heterogeneity that potentiates immunological escape from cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: Minowa Tomoyuki , Hirohashi Yoshihiko , Murata Kenji , Sasaki Kenta , Handa Toshiya , Nakatsugawa Munehide , Mizue Yuka , Murai Aiko , Kubo Terufumi , Kanaseki Takayuki , Tsukahara Tomohide , Iwabuchi Sadahiro , Hashimoto Shinichi , Ishida‐Yamamoto Akemi , Uhara Hisashi , Torigoe Toshihiko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEvasion from immunity is a major obstacle to the achievement of successful cancer immunotherapy. Hybrids derived from cell–cell fusion are theoretically associated with tumor heterogeneity and progression by conferring novel properties on tumor cells, including drug resistance and metastatic capacity; however, their impact on immune evasion remains unknown. Here, we investigated the potency of tumor–macrophage hybrids in immune evasion. Hybrids were established by co‐culture of a melanoma cell line (A375 cells) and type 2 macrophages. The hybrids showed greater migration ability and greater tumorigenicity than the parental melanoma cells. The hybrids showed heterogeneous sensitivity to New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma‐1 (NY‐ESO‐1)‐specific T‐cell receptor‐transduced T (TCR‐T) cells and two out of four hybrid clones showed less sensitivity to TCR‐T compared with the parental cells. An in vitro tumor heterogeneity model revealed that the TCR‐T cells preferentially killed the parental cells compared with the hybrids and the survival rate of the hybrids was higher than that of the parental cells, indicating that the hybrids evade killing by TCR‐T cells efficiently. Analysis of a single‐cell RNA sequencing dataset of patients with melanoma revealed that a few macrophages expressed RNA encoding melanoma differentiation antigens including melan A, tyrosinase, and premelanosome protein, which indicated the presence of hybrids in primary melanoma. In addition, the number of potential hybrids was correlated with a poorer response to immune checkpoint blockade. These results provide evidence that melanoma–macrophage fusion has a role in tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
In vivo activity of the dual PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ inhibitor duvelisib against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia xenografts
Authors: Randall Joanna , Evans Kathryn , Watts Ben , Smith Christopher M. , Hughes Keira , Earley Eric J. , Erickson Stephen W. , Pachter Jonathan A. , Teicher Beverly A. , Smith Malcolm A. , Lock Richard B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains one of the most common causes of cancer‐related mortality in children. Phosphoinositide 3‐kinases (PI3Ks) are a family of lipid kinases, and aberrations in the PI3K pathway are associated with several hematological malignancies, including ALL. Duvelisib (Copiktra) is an orally available, small molecule dual inhibitor of PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ, that is Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Here, we report the efficacy of duvelisib against a panel of pediatric ALL patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs).ProceduresThirty PDXs were selected for a single mouse trial based on PI3Kδ (PIK3CD) and PI3Kγ (PIK3CG) expression and mutational status. PDXs were grown orthotopically in NSG (NOD.Cg‐PrkdcscidIL2rgtm1Wjl/SzJAusb) mice, and engraftment was evaluated by enumerating the proportion of human versus mouse CD45+ cells (%huCD45+) in the peripheral blood. Treatment commenced when the %huCD45+ reached greater than or equal to 1%, and events were predefined as %huCD45+ greater than or equal to 25% or leukemia‐related morbidity. Duvelisib was administered per oral (50 mg/kg, twice daily for 28 days). Drug efficacy was assessed by event‐free survival and stringent objective response measures.ResultsPI3Kδ and PI3Kγ mRNA expression was significantly higher in B‐lineage than T‐lineage ALL PDXs (p‐values <.0001). Duvelisib was well‐tolerated and reduced leukemia cells in the peripheral blood in four PDXs, but with only one objective response. There was no obvious relationship between duvelisib efficacy and PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ expression or mutation status, nor was the in vivo response to duvelisib subtype dependent.ConclusionsDuvelisib demonstrated limited in vivo activity against ALL PDXs.
Language learning motivation, learner agency, and the medium of instruction
Authors: Hennebry‐Leung Mairin , Tseng Wen‐Ta , Gao Xuesong (Andy) 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRecent conceptualizations of language learning motivation have highlighted its dynamic and contextual nature. Yet the role of the L2 learning context in shaping motivation remains under‐explored. This study adopts an agency perspective to examine emerging motivational orientations across diverse medium of instruction settings. The present study reports findings from a motivation survey of 3854 secondary‐school English learners across three types of instructional setting (English medium, Chinese medium and mixed medium) in Hong Kong. Hierarchical regression modeling points to a differential effect of motivation on language attainment across the three settings and the emergence of diverse internal structures of L2 motivation. Differences in the role played by agentic and nonagentic motivational orientations across the three settings are discussed and implications are outlined for theorizing language learning motivation and for language teaching practice.
Development of process safety knowledge for senior operations leadership
Authors: Mendes‐Silva Gustavo Peron , dos Santos Facchini Daniela Revez , Hosenen Federico Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClear and positive process safety leadership is at the core of managing high‐hazard businesses, and it is vital to ensure that risks are effectively managed. Cargill has designed a learning experience program for senior operations leadership in Latin America to provide leaders with an appropriate level of process safety knowledge that will support them taking better decisions, thereby reducing the likelihood of a process safety event at their manufacturing sites. The purpose of the program is to provide structural and focused learning of essential risk management practices and to allow the leaders time to discuss and learn about the risks and hazards on their sites. The program was designed to include kick‐off sessions, several learning experiences, and a final certification step. This program was deployed in Latin America in 2021 and, within 1 year, has certified 39 senior leaders for high‐hazard facilities. Several more certifications are expected to occur in the following months when all senior leaders would have gone through this learning program.
Monoterpene alcohols induced by sweet potato weevil larvae deter conspecific adults from feeding and oviposition
Authors: Liu Panjing , Zhang Xiaofang , Wang Rongyan , Chen Shulong , Zhang Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIntraspecific competition is shared in the insect world, especially under the condition of limited food and space resources. To avoid intraspecific competition and increase offspring survival, insects have evolved various effective strategies. A widely‐accepted tactic is employing chemical cues, which are frequently utilized as indicators of conspecific colonization. The sweet potato weevil (SPW), Cylas formicarius, is a destructive pest of sweet potatoes. Its larvae bore into sweet potatoes and alter the emission of odors. The present study aimed to investigate whether volatiles associated with SPW larvae feeding influence the behavioral preference of conspecific adults.RESULTSVolatiles from SPW larvae‐infested sweet potatoes were collected by a head‐space method and analyzed using gas chromatography‐electroantennogram detector (GC‐EAD) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Five compounds eliciting EAD responses from the antennae of both male and female adult SPW were identified from sweet potatoes with the third‐instar larvae, including linalool, citronellol, nerol, geraniol, and ipomeamarone. Four monoterpene alcohols significantly repelled SPW adults from feeding and oviposition at higher doses in the behavioral preference bioassays. Among them, geraniol displayed the strongest repellent activities for SPW feeding and oviposition. These results suggested that SPW larvae could reduce colonization of adult SPWs by inducing monoterpene alcohols, thereby avoiding intraspecific competition.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrated that volatile monoterpene alcohols induced by SPW larvae are chemical cues of larvae occupation for SPW adults to change their behavioral preference. Unveiling factors that mediate avoidance of intraspecific competition could help develop repellents or oviposition deterrents for SPW control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
PD‐L1‐negative non‐small cell lung cancer harbouring a rare BRAF mutation with successful treatment of first‐line pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy: A case report and review the literature
Authors: Do Kien Hung , Nguyen Tai Van , Nguyen Thi Bich Phuong , Nguyen Gia Hoang , Nguyen Chu Van 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBRAF mutations are uncommon in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for less than 5% of all NSCLC cases. The utilization of targeted therapies in non‐V600E BRAF mutant NSCLC is considered controversial, although non‐V600E genotype is reported in ~50% of all BRAF mutant patients. We document the case of a 63‐year‐old patient with NSCLC harbouring a rare BRAF E501Q mutation, who had prolonged response to immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in Vietnam. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic PD‐L1‐negative lung adenocarcinoma and received pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as first‐line treatment. After completing 35 cycles of pembrolizumab and pemetrexed, his disease has remained stable during the treatment‐free follow‐up period, and he is alive 38 months after treatment initiation at the latest follow‐up. Immune‐based therapy is an appropriate option for lung adenocarcinoma with rare non‐V600E BRAF mutation. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine the effectiveness of using immune‐based therapy in this specific population.
Sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] genetic incompatibility effects in true hybrids seeds for new farmer cultivars development
Authors: Mahaman Mourtala Issa Zakari , Chukwu Samuel C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionSweetpotato is a vegetatively propagated, highly heterozygous and outcrossing crop. Genetic improvement of sweetpotato is complicated because of the hexaploid nature of the crop. The objective of this study was to assess genetic compatibility between sweetpotato accessions collected from Niger and Nigeria to select the best parents for the next hybridisation block to develop new farmer varieties.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted at field experiment of department of crop production and landscape management, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria. The crossing block was established using diallel mating design method three to cross 13 genotypes.ResultsResults revealed very highly significant difference (χ2 = 48.32; p < 0.001) for the successful cross rates. Complete incompatibility for both direct and reciprocal crosses was obtained from two crosses while, partial incompatibility was observed in 25 crosses (16.02%). Successful crosses rate varied from 14.82% to 43.58% with a grand mean of 28.04%. The mean of number of seeds per capsule between families ranged from 0.73% to 1.57% with a grand mean of 1.05. Germination rate varied from 22.92% to 75.90% with a grand mean of 45.91%.ConclusionClones AYT/19/05, TIS‐81‐64 and Umu SPO1 had high compatibility and they can be used as parents for the next crossing block.
Speciation and microscale distribution of phosphorus compounds accumulated in continuously fertilized greenhouse soils
Authors: Yamaguchi Noriko , Hikono Atsuko , Suda Aomi , Hashimoto Yohey , Yada Saeko , Ooshima Masatoshi , Yamamoto Taku , Ando Kaori , Kasuya Masahiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe overuse of phosphate fertilizer results in the accumulation of surplus phosphorus (P) compounds in soil, and this trend is particularly intense in greenhouse farming. We aimed to characterize P compounds in greenhouse soils by comparing their speciation in soil samples collected from greenhouses and an open field. Two soil types with different phosphate sorption abilities, namely, Ultisol and Andisol, were considered. Phosphorus compounds in the soil were characterized by bulk soil analysis via acid extraction; molecular‐scale analyses by solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near edge structure and spatially resolved analyses by electron probe microanalyzer and micro‐X‐ray absorption near edge structure. Spectroscopic results showed that a larger proportion of P compounds associated with inorganic P compounds associated with calcium (Ca‐P) was present in the greenhouse soil than in the open‐field soil. Some P compounds in the greenhouse Andisol were Ca‐P, even though Andisol has a high phosphate sorption ability due to an abundance of aluminum‐bearing sorbents. Heterogeneously distributed spots of Calcium phosphate, most likely hydroxyapatite or tricalcium phosphate, were found at the microscale in the greenhouse Ultisol soil grain. In addition to the detection of poorly‐soluble Ca‐P, a larger proportion of Ca‐P was potentially plant available. Spatially resolved analyses showed that organic amendments containing Ca‐P were incorporated into the Andisol soil grains. Our study demonstrated that Ca‐P with different solubilities can serve as a source of phosphate even in soils of high phosphate sorption ability under greenhouse conditions.
Electromagnetic and Chemical Analysis and Performance Comparison of Inset‐fed Rectangular Microstrip Antennas
Authors: Avşar Aydın Emine , Biçer Mustafa Berkan , Mert Mehmet Erman , Doğru Mert Başak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA simple method for creating lightweight and inexpensive microstrip patch antennas using reduced graphene oxide or acetylene black added epoxy resin was developed. The biggest goal in the method is optimizing the appropriate chemicals and production processes for producing the materials with the designed properties. Five examples of an inset‐fed microstrip patch antenna operating at approximately 2.0–12.0 GHz were designed based on the antenna‘s basic analytical formula. Their models were created in a 3D electromagnetic simulation environment. After examining the performance results of the design, the appropriate design models were produced with both 3D printer technology and wet‐chemical methods, and the experimental results were compared with the simulation results. The produced reduced graphene oxide or acetylene black added samples′ structure was illuminated with scanning electron microscope images, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The measured S11 characteristics of the antennas provide better performance as compared to the simulated results. The measured S11 parameters for the two and three frequency bands fell substantially below −10 dB. As a result of the dielectric constants of the materials and the fabrication of the radiation plane, horizontal shifts were detected in the measurement outcomes.
Imine Oxidation Catalyzed by Zinc Hydroxyapatite: Kinetic Studies
Authors: Vishwakarma Rakhi , Vinod C. P. , Rathod Virendra K. , Kantam Mannepalli Lakshmi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of N,N‐diphenylformamide from N‐benzylideneaniline and urea hydrogen peroxide is investigated using a zinc hydroxyapatite (ZnHAP) catalyst. It was found that the catalyst resulted in the highest activity of 91 % conversion and 40 % selectivity at 130 °C in 2 h. A kinetic model was validated by Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) at different temperatures and the absence of mass transfer resistance was proved by the Weisz Prater criterion. Effect of different catalysts, catalyst loading, temperature, mole‐ratio, and speed of stirring was studied. The as‐synthesized catalyst is characterized by FTIR, BET nitrogen adsorption‐desorption, TEM, EDX, TPD‐NH3, XPS, ICP‐MS and XRD. ZnHAP catalyst was found to be stable up to three recycles with no loss in activity.
Array of Nanopore Sensors Detect Nanoscale Biomolecules by Nucleic Acid Analysis
Authors: Ma Jingchen , Ji Weiwei , Song Xin , Feng Silu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs a powerful technology, Array nanomaterials technology is widely used in the detection of biomolecules because the analytes of interest are detected and analyzed within a nanovolume. The solid‐state nanopore array has a vast diversity of platforms and applications, such as improving the detection sensitivity of single molecules, achieving the goals of target detection, elevating the performance of anti‐interference and realizing high‐throughput and real‐time measurement. It has made breakthrough progress in the qualitative and quantitative detection of various targets. However, no single review can cover the entire landscape of published work in the field. This article does not aim to cite all articles relating to solid‐state nanopore arrays, but rather aims to highlight recent, select developments that will hopefully benefit new and seasoned scientists alike. Initially, the structure fabrication methods used in solid‐state nanopore detection that apply transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), chemical etching, focused ion/electron beams (FIB/FEB), will be introduced. Then, the next section is devoted to highlighting various surface functionalization methods. Finally, this review focuses on arrayed nanopores, as nucleic acid sensing technologies have great potential applications in the detection and measurement of DNA, RNA, protein and other analytes (such as new agents, bacteria, viruses, nanoparticles and polysaccharides).
Lithium Foam for Deep Cycling Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Aoxuan , Zhang Kaixin , Zhang Linxue , Ma Qingtao , Zhou Shoubin , Jiang Qinhai , Hu Zhenglin , Luo Jiayan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLi metal anode has been recognized as the most promising anode for its high theoretical capacity and low reduction potential. But its large‐scale commercialization is hampered because of the infinite volume expansion, severe side reactions, and uncontrollable dendrite formation. Herein, the self‐supporting porous lithium foam anode is obtained by a melt foaming method. The adjustable interpenetrating pore structure and dense Li3N protective layer coating on the inner surface enable the lithium foam anode with great tolerance to electrode volume variation, parasitic reaction, and dendritic growth during cycling. Full cell using high areal capacity (4.0 mAh cm−2) LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1 (NCM811) cathode with the N/P ratio of 2 and E/C ratio of 3 g Ah−1 can stably operate for 200 times with 80% capacity retention. The corresponding pouch cell has <3% pressure fluctuation per cycle and almost zero pressure accumulation.
Synergistic Optimization of Energy Storage Density of PYN‐Based Antiferroelectric Ceramics by Composition Design and Microstructure Engineering
Authors: Chen Chukai , Qian Jin , Yang Jing , Li GuoHui , Lin Jinfeng , Shi Cheng , Ge Guanglong , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPbYb0.5Nb0.5O3 (PYN)‐based ceramics, featured by their ultra‐high phase‐switching field and low sintering temperature (950 °C), are of great potential in exploiting dielectric ceramics with high energy storage density and low preparation cost. However, due to insufficient breakdown strength (BDS), their complete polarization‐electric field (P‐E) loops are difficult to be obtained. Here, to fully reveal their potential in energy storage, synergistic optimization strategy of composition design with Ba2+ substitution and microstructure engineering via hot‐pressing (HP) are adopted in this work. With 2 mol% Ba2+ doping, a recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 10.10 J cm−3 and a discharge energy density (Wdis) of 8.51 J cm−3 can be obtained, supporting the superior current density (CD) of 1391.97 A cm−2 and the outstanding power density (PD) of 417.59 MW cm−2. In situ characterization methods are utilized here to reveal the unique movement of the B‐site ions of PYN‐based ceramics under electric field, which is the key factor of the ultra‐high phase‐switching field. It is also confirmed that microstructure engineering can refine the grain of ceramics and improve BDS. This work strongly demonstrates the potential of PYN‐based ceramics in energy storage field and plays a guiding role in the follow‐up research.