bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil respiration under different N fertilization and irrigation regimes in Bengaluru, S-India
Authors: Sourav Suman Kumar , Subbarayappa C. T. , Hanumanthappa D C. , Mudalagiriyappa  , Vazhacharickal Prem Jose , Mock Andrea , Ingold Mariko , Buerkert Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRapid urbanization in many countries of the Global South has led to intensification of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) whose effects on the soils’ physical, chemical, and microbial properties have been hardly studied. We therefore investigated the effects of different intensity levels, exemplified by three rates of mineral nitrogen (N) addition and irrigation on CO2 emissions in typical crops during the wet (Kharif) and dry (Rabi) season on a Nitisol in Bengaluru, S-India. Respiration data were collected from 2017 to 2021 in two two-factorial split-plot experiments conducted under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Test crops were maize (Zea mays L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.), and lablab (Lablab purpureus L. Sweet) under rainfed and irrigated conditions, as well as the vegetables cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) or chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were determined using a Los Gatos Research (LGR) multi-gas analyzer whereby under our study conditions CH4, NH3 and N2O were negligible. Measurements were conducted from 7:00 am to 11:30 am and repeated from 12:30 pm to 6:00 pm. Irrespective of irrigation, season, crops and N fertilizer level, CO2 emission rates during afternoon hours were significantly higher (2–128%) than during morning hours. In the irrigated field diurnal emission differences between afternoon and morning hours ranged from 0.04 to 1.61 kg CO2-C ha−1 h−1 while in the rainfed field they averaged 0.20–1.78 kg CO2-C ha−1 h−1. Irrespective of crops, in the rainfed field CO2 emissions in high N plots were 56.4% larger than in low N plots whereas in the irrigated field they were only 12.1% larger. The results of a linear mixed model analysis indicated that N fertilization enhanced CO2 emissions whereby these effects were highest in rainfed crops. Soil moisture enhanced emissions in rainfed crops but decreased them under irrigation where crop-specific CO2 emissions within a season were independent of N application. Soil temperature at 5 cm depth enhanced CO2 emissions in both fields. Overall, higher N and soil temperature enhanced CO2 fluxes whereas effects of soil moisture depended on irrigation.
Comparison of two enthalpic models for the thermodynamic characterization of the soil organic matter in beech and oak forests
Authors: Barros Nieves , Pérez-Cruzado César , Molina-Valero Juan Alberto , Martínez Calvo Adela , Proupín Jorge , Rodríguez-Añón Jose Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe thermodynamic characterization of the soil organic matter could be achieved by different enthalpic models little explored for soil. This paper compares two of them for calculating the enthalpy change, the Gibbs energy change and the entropy change of the soil organic matter combustion reaction, by simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Soil samples were collected in beech and oak forests from different geographical areas, and at different depths to represent theL/Fhorizon and the mineral soil, at each sampling site. The thermodynamic state variables were calculated using two different enthalpic models, to examine how they differed in relation to different types of SOM and different forest ecosystems. Both models yielded thermodynamic variables, which although closely and significantly correlated, were statistically significantly different. All the thermodynamic variables depended on the different forest types and the different nature of the soil organic matter under study. Results allowed to discern which of the models applied better to the SOM combustion reaction designed.
On the rigidity of cosmological space-times
Authors: Avalos Rodrigo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse a family of geometrically well-behaved cosmological space-times$$(V^{n+1},g)$$(Vn+1,g), which are foliated byintrinsically isotropicspace-like hypersurfaces$$\{M_t\}_{t\in \mathbb {R}}$${Mt}t∈R, which are orthogonal to a family of co-moving observers defined by a global time-like vector fieldU. In particular, this implies such space-times satisfy several of the well-known criteria for isotropic cosmological space-times, although, in the family in question, the simultaneity spaces$$(M_t,g_t)$$(Mt,gt)associated withUcan have as sectional curvature a sign-changing functionk(t). Being this clearly impossible in the FLRW family of standard cosmological space-times, it motivates us to revisit the geometric rigidity consequences of different definitions of isotropy available in the literature. In this analysis, we divide such definition according to whether the isometries involved are taken to be (local) space-time (STI space-times) or (local) space isometries (SI space-times) of$$(M_t,g_t)$$(Mt,gt)for eacht. This subtlety will be shown to be critical, proving that only when space-time isometries are considered one obtains the well-known rigidity properties associated with isotropic cosmological space-times. In particular, SI space-times will be shown to be a strictly larger class than the STI ones, allowing a family of basic cosmological curvature change models which are not even locally isometric to any FLRW space-time.
A privacy-preserving word embedding text classification model based on privacy boundary constructed by deep belief network
Authors: Ma Bo , Lai Edmund , Yan Wei Qi , Wu Jinsong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo effectively extract and classify the information from reports or documents and protect the privacy of the extracted results, we propose a privacy classification named Word Embedding Combination Privacy-preserving Support Vector Machine (WECPPSVM) model to classify the text. In addition, this paper also proposes the Privacy-preserving Distribution and Independent Frequent Subsequence Extraction Algorithm (PPDIFSEA), which calculates the degree of independence of the training data input to the classification model by training the Deep Belief Network(DBN) in PPDIFSEA, then obtains the Privacy Boundary(PB). PB is an indispensable condition for both data sampling and privacy noise generation. And this model can protect privacy by injecting the privacy noise into the classification result, this method can interfere with the background knowledge-based privacy attack. Our quantitative analysis shows that the WECPPSVM proposed in this paper can approach mainstream text classification algorithms in terms of text classification accuracy while preserving privacy without increasing computational complexity. In addition, the fusion study and privacy threat evaluation also verify that the proposed PPDIFSEA method combined with WECPPSVM achieves an acceptable level of classification accuracy and privacy protection.
Intuitionistic Modal Algebras
Authors: Celani Sergio A. , Rivieccio Umberto 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent research on algebraic models of quasi-Nelson logic has brought new attention to a number of classes of algebras which result from enriching (subreducts of) Heyting algebras with a special modal operator, known in the literature as a nucleus. Among these various algebraic structures, for which we employ the umbrella term intuitionistic modal algebras, some have been studied since at least the 1970s, usually within the framework of topology and sheaf theory. Others may seem more exotic, for their primitive operations arise from algebraic terms of the intuitionistic modal language which have not been previously considered. We shall for instance investigate the variety of weak implicative semilattices, whose members are (non-necessarily distributive) meet semilattices endowed with a nucleus and an implication operation which is not a relative pseudo-complement but satisfies the postulates of Celani and Jansana’s strict implication. For each of these new classes of algebras we establish a representation and a topological duality which generalize the known ones for Heyting algebras enriched with a nucleus.
What is PA + con(PA) about, and where?
Authors: Azzouni Jody 
Published: September 2023

AbstractJustin Clarke-Doane offers what purports to be a stand-alone argument, relying on Gödel’s second incompleteness theorem, that if we hold that PA + Con(PA) and PA + ~ Con(PA) are equally true of their intended subjects, then there is no objective fact as to whether PA is consistent. It is shown that the argument is fallacious, although illuminating: The fallaciousness of the argument arises from a 20th-century shift in our understanding of interpreted languages from the view—derived from our experience of language—of sentences as intrinsically interpreted to one which sharply distinguishes syntax and semantics, and treats uninterpreted syntactic forms as endowed with interpretations by models. It is shown that this syntax/semantic distinction, because it is “unintuitive” induces fallacies such as the one that Clarke-Doane’s argument exemplifies.
From Home to Heaven: The Spatial Imaginaries of Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Karner Dominik , Maier Florentine , Meyer Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe investigate how nonprofit organizations (NPOs) construct imaginaries of their premises, their local environment, and beyond. Based on a qualitative analysis of the websites of 209 randomly sampled NPOs in a metropolitan region in Central Europe, we find four distinct spatial imaginaries: (1) The world polity imaginary constructs NPOs as a part of a spatial environment that is neatly divided into nation states, supranational structures, and subnational units. (2) In the world society imaginary, NPOs are active in blurred, fluid, and overlapping spaces such as networks, commercialized spaces, or natural habitats. (3) In a religious imaginary, the material world is complemented by a transcendental realm and categorized into spaces of the sacred and the evil. (4) Finally, in a lococentric imaginary, NPOs construct a dichotomy between "home" and the alien rest of the world. Each of these spatial imaginaries conveys distinctive ways of situating the organization in their spatial environment and implies specific organizational practices and emotional enchantments of space.
Comparative analysis of single-cell transcriptome reveals heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases
Authors: Liang Jialu , Liang Ruihao , Lei Kai , Huang Jing , Lin Huayue , Wang Minghui 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Solid tumors such as lung adenocarcinoma include not only the tumor cells but also the microenvironment in which the tumor cells continuously interact with each other. An in-depth understanding of the oncological features and tumor microenvironment (TME) of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases at the single-cell level could provide new therapeutic strategies for brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods
To solve this problem, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis on 15 lung adenocarcinoma samples and 10 brain metastasis samples.

Results
A total of 86,282 single cells were obtained and divided into 8 cell types, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, oligodendrocytes, T/NK cells, B cells, mast cells, and macrophages. In brain metastases, we found a significantly lower proportion of T/NK cells and mast cells, and more severe immune dysregulation. In addition, we found a subpopulation of macrophages with high expression of metastasis-promoting-related genes enriched in brain metastatic tissues. Moreover, in brain metastases, we found a significantly increased proportion of myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblasts (myCAFs) and a higher angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells. Epithelial cells in brain metastases were more malignant and underwent genomic reprogramming. Next, we found that DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) expression was upregulated in epithelial cells in brain metastases and was associated with poor prognosis. Finally, we experimentally validated that the downregulation of DDIT4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells.

Conclusions
This study depicts a single-cell atlas of lung adenocarcinoma and brain metastases by scRNA-seq and paves the way for the development of future therapeutic targets for brain metastases from lung cancer.
The artificial pancreas: two alternative approaches to achieve a fully closed-loop system with optimal glucose control
Authors: Åm M. K. , Teigen I. A. , Riaz M. , Fougner A. L. , Christiansen S. C. , Carlsen S. M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus type 1 is a chronic disease that implies mandatory external insulin delivery. The patients must monitor their blood glucose levels and administer appropriate insulin boluses to keep their blood glucose within the desired range. It requires a lot of time and endeavour, and many patients struggle with suboptimal glucose control despite all their efforts.

Materials and methods
This narrative review combines existing knowledge with new discoveries from animal experiments.

Discussion
In the last decade, artificial pancreas (AP) devices have been developed to improve glucose control and relieve patients of the constant burden of managing their disease. However, a feasible and fully automated AP is yet to be developed. The main challenges preventing the development of a true, subcutaneous (SC) AP system are the slow dynamics of SC glucose sensing and particularly the delay in effect on glucose levels after SC insulin infusions. We have previously published studies on using the intraperitoneal space for an AP; however, we further propose a novel and potentially disruptive way to utilize the vasodilative properties of glucagon in SC AP systems.

Conclusion
This narrative review presents two lesser-explored viable solutions for AP systems and discusses the potential for improvement toward a fully automated system: A) using the intraperitoneal approach for more rapid insulin absorption, and B) besides using glucagon to treat and prevent hypoglycemia, also administering micro-boluses of glucagon to increase the local SC blood flow, thereby accelerating SC insulin absorption and SC glucose sensor site dynamics.
Developing a Patient and Public Involvement Training Course for People with Intellectual Disabilities: The Leicestershire Experience
Authors: Tromans Samuel , Marten Rosie , Jaggi Prabhleen , Lewin Gemma , Robinson Cath , Janickyj Anna , Joshi Karishma , Clarke Dave , Kiani Reza , Gangadharan Satheesh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is a lack of meaningful involvement of people with intellectual disability in research, outside of the context of study participation. There is a need to develop adapted means of facilitating Patient and Public Involvement when working with people with intellectual disability, that takes account for their level of neurodevelopmental functioning. In this article we describe a Patient and Public Involvement course developed for people with intellectual disability, developed by professionals working with this group, which was subsequently piloted in Leicestershire UK. Different versions of the course were developed for student participants with different levels of neurodevelopmental functioning and communication impairment. For Part 1 of the course (‘What is Research?’), students from Pathway 1 (mild intellectual disability) and Pathway 2 (moderate intellectual disability) both had significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) mean knowledge test scores post-course relative to pre-course, with non-significant increases in mean confidence test scores for both pathway groups. For Part 2 of the course (‘Your Involvement in Research’), most participants agreed or strongly agreed with the statement ‘I found this interesting’ (Pathway 1: 8 of 9 students [89%]; Pathway 2: 8 of 10 students [80%]), but less students provided equivalent responses to the statement ‘I want to be involved in research in the future’ (Pathway 1: 2 of 9 students [22%]; Pathway 2: 8 of 10 students [80%]). This training course provides a template to provide basic training for people with intellectual disability with respect to research involvement, but requires further evaluation in larger student samples of diverse demographic and neurodevelopmental characteristics.
RCFT: re-parameterization convolution and feature filter for object tracking
Authors: Wang Yuanyun , Yang Wenhui , Yin Peng , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSiamese-based trackers have been widely studied for their high accuracy and speed. Both the feature extraction and feature fusion are two important components in Siamese-based trackers. Siamese-based trackers obtain fine local features by traditional convolution. However, some important channel information and global information are lost when enhancing local features. In the feature fusion process, cross-correlation-based feature fusion between the template and search region feature ignores the global spatial context information and does not make the best of the spatial information. In this paper, to solve the above problem, we design a novel feature extraction sub-network based on batch-free normalization re-parameterization convolution, which scales the features in the channel dimension and increases the receptive field. Richer channel information is obtained and powerful target features are extracted for the feature fusion. Furthermore, we learn a feature fusion network (FFN) based on feature filter. The FFN fuses the template and search region features in a global spatial context to obtain high-quality fused features by enhancing important features and filtering redundant features. By jointly learning the proposed feature extraction sub-network and FFN, the local and global information are fully exploited. Then, we propose a novel tracking algorithm based on the designed feature extraction sub-network and FFN with re-parameterization convolution and feature filter, referred to as RCFT. We evaluate the proposed RCFT tracker and some recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) trackers on OTB100, VOT2018, LaSOT, GOT-10k, UAV123 and the visual-thermal dataset VOT-RGBT2019 datasets, which achieves superior tracking performance with 45 FPS tracking speed.
Overwintering covered with soil or avoiding burial of wine grapes under cold stress: Chinese wine industry's past and future, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Wan Ningjing , Yang Bohan , Yin Dingze , Ma Tingting , Fang Yulin , Sun Xiangyu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn northwest China, where winter is extremely cold and the grapevine is vulnerable to freezing damage, the application of soil covering has promoted the vigorous development of the local grape and wine industries. However, in recent years, the negative effects of burying soil for cold protection on the environment have gradually emerged. In some viticultural regions, the phenomenon of "summer forest, winter desert" has appeared. Therefore, it is urgent for the Chinese grape industry to find a better solution to overwinter safely and environmentally friendly. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of widely used solutions to overwinter such as covering vines with soil, breeding of cold-resistant grapes, cold-resistant cultivation model, physical and chemical covering materials, and protected grape facilities were reviewed. Future overwintering measures were proposed which avoid burial and grape overwintering research directions. It also provides a theoretical foundation and technical support to improve grape yield and quality in northwest China.
A Solution to the General Epistemic Problem for Anti-Intellectualism
Authors: Khalaj M. Hosein M. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSome authors maintain that anti-intellectualism faces a general epistemic problem of explaining the cognitive aspect of know-how, and answering the question of why know-how as a kind of disposition is to be considered a distinct kind of knowledge. In the present paper, I argue for a solution to this problem, the central idea of which is that there is a broader sense of knowledge to which both knowledge-that and knowledge-how belong. I present two versions of this solution. According to the first version, know-how is a distinct kind of knowledge since there is a general analyzable category of knowledge under which both know-how and know-that fall. This general category is analyzed into three components: a success component, an externalist anti-luck component, and an internalist anti-luck component. According to the second version of the solution, know-how is a distinct kind of knowledge since there is an unanalyzable analogical conception of knowledge that comes first in both the theoretical realm (as propositional knowledge) and the practical realm (as know-how). Both versions of the solution are plausible since they distinguish between know-how and knacks in an anti-intellectualist manner by positing that there is an internal relation between know-how and non-propositional intentionality.
Jewish by Law: Legislative Operationalizing of Race and Ethnicity in Holocaust-Era Hungary
Authors: Pap András L. , Lehotay Veronika 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFramed within discussions on how law operationalizes race and ethnicity, the authors provide a description of how anti-Semitic racially exclusionary legislation identified, classified, and operationalized the Jewry in Hungary between 1920 and 1944.
Justifying Scientific Progress
Authors: Stegenga Jacob 
Published: September 2023

AbstractI defend a novel account of scientific progress centered around justification. Science progresses, on this account, where there is a change in justification. I consider three options for explicating this notion of change-in-justification. This account of scientific progress dispels with a condition for scientific progress that requires accumulation of truth or truth-likeness, and it emphasizes the social nature of scientific justification.
Proximity, Patronage and Politics in the Correspondence of Lady Elizabeth Anson, c. 1748–1760
Authors: Whitehead Alice 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the life of Lady Elizabeth Anson (1725–60), daughter of Philip Yorke, 1st earl of Hardwicke, and the wife of Admiral George Lord Anson, first lord of the admiralty. Using a sample of her letters, this article argues that Lady Anson engaged with letter-writing as an inherently political activity. Previous studies of Lady Anson’s correspondence have emphasized her role in the Yorkes’ political network, but this article foregrounds her marriage to Lord Anson and her life at the admiralty. In a marriage shaped by the strains of naval service, Lady Anson used her talents as a letter-writer to establish a role for herself as her husband’s political partner. Building on the work of Elaine Chalus, Judith Lewis, and Sarah Richardson, this article explores the ways in which Lady Anson used letters to disseminate intelligence and negotiate patronage. It examines her friendship with the powerful admiralty secretary, John Cleveland, and considers the ways in which her physical proximity to the admiralty office gave her privileged access to the inner workings of the Royal Navy. Consequently, her writing provides important insights into the ways in which elite women could use letters to establish their own political authority.