bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Primary School-Based Physical Education Programs: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Rico-González Markel 
Published: March 2023

The present article aimed to systematically summarize primary school-based intervention programs and their effects evaluated through randomized-controlled trial design. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using 4 electronic databases. From a total of 193 studies initially found, 30 were included in the qualitative synthesis. Main results: (1) Intensive interval training or jump/strength exercises may positively influence physical fitness, promoting challenging task, psychological needs, and guided styles to a greater extent; (2) Games that demand more cognitive function seem more beneficial than those based on repetitive aerobic exertion to improve fundamental motor skills; (3) The jumping/strength exercises may cause benefits in bone area and bone mineral density, while flexibility and balance may reduce the risk of muscle injury; and (4) Programming a greater dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity seems to be related to positive effects in core executive function and academic performance. Additionally, providing information and involving the social environment may enhance the positive effects.
The social media context interferes with truth discernment
Authors: Epstein Ziv , Sirlin Nathaniel , Arechar Antonio , Pennycook Gordon , Rand David 
Published: March 2023

There is widespread concern about misinformation circulating on social media. In particular, many argue that the context of social media itself may make people susceptible to the influence of false claims. Here, we test that claim by asking whether simply considering sharing news on social media reduces the extent to which people discriminate truth from falsehood when judging accuracy. In a large online experiment examining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and political news (
N
= 3157 Americans), we find support for this possibility. When judging the accuracy of headlines, participants were worse at discerning truth from falsehood if they both evaluated accuracy and indicated their sharing intentions, compared to just evaluating accuracy. These results suggest that people may be particularly vulnerable to believing false claims on social media, given that sharing is a core element of what makes social media “social.”
Circulating leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and fibroblast growth factor 21 are negatively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy volunteers
Authors: Malaikah Sundus , Willis Scott A. , Henson Joseph , Sargeant Jack A. , Yates Thomas , Thackray Alice E. , Goltz Fernanda R. , Roberts Matthew J. , Bernard-Deshong Danielle , Aithal Guruprasad P. , Stensel David J. , King James A. 
Published: March 2023

Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are hepatokines that are regulated by energy balance and mediate insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control. This cross-sectional study examined the independent associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary time with circulating LECT2 and FGF21. Data were combined from two previous experimental studies in healthy volunteers ( n = 141, male = 60%, mean ± SD age = 37 ± 19 years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.1 ± 6.3 kg·m−2). Sedentary time and MVPA were measured via an ActiGraph GT3X + accelerometer, while magnetic resonance imaging quantified liver fat. CRF was assessed using incremental treadmill tests. Generalized-linear models examined the association of CRF, sedentary time, and MVPA with LECT2 and FGF21 while controlling for key demographic and anthropometric variables. Interaction terms explored the moderating influence of age, sex, BMI, and CRF. In the fully adjusted models, each SD increase in CRF was independently associated with a 24% (95% CI: −37% to −9%, P = 0.003) lower plasma LECT2 concentration and 53% lower FGF21 concentration (95% CI: −73% to −22%, P = 0.004). Each SD increase in MVPA was independently associated with 55% higher FGF21 (95% CI: 12% to 114%, P = 0.006), and this relationship was stronger in those with lower BMI and higher levels of CRF. These findings demonstrate that CRF and wider activity behaviours may independently modulate the circulating concentrations of hepatokines and thereby influence inter-organ cross-talk.
Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and vasorelaxant effects of a new pyrazole compound 5-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1H-tetrazole: role of NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels
Authors: de Oliveira Lanussy P. , Florentino Iziara F. , Silva Daiany P.B. , Pazini Francine , de Carvalho Flávio S. , Sanz Germán , Vaz Boniek G. , da Rocha Fábio F. , Fajemiroye James O. , Ghedini Paulo C. , Lião Luciano M. , Menegatti Ricardo , Costa Elson A. , de Oliveira Thiago S. 
Published: March 2023

Molecular modification of compounds remains important strategy towards the discovery of new drugs. In this sense, this study presents a new pyrazole derivative 5-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1 H-tetrazole (LQFM039) and evaluated the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and vasorelaxant effects of this compound as well the mechanisms of action involved in the pharmacological effects. For this, mice were orally treated with LQFM039 (17.5, 35, or 70 mg/kg) prior acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, formalin, tail flick, and carrageenan-induced paw edema protocols. In addition, vascular reactivity protocols were made with aortic rings contraction with phenylephrine and stimulated with graded concentrations of LQFM039. Abdominal writhing and licking time in both neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin were reduced with LQFM039 without altering latency to nociceptive response in the tail flick test. Carrageenan-induced paw edema showed that LQFM039 reduces edema and cell migration. In addition, the mechanism of action of LQFM039 involves NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels, since this new pyrazole derivate elicited concentration-dependent relaxation attenuated by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and 1 H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha]quinoxalin-1-one, and blockade of CaCl2-induced contraction. Altogether, our finding suggests anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and vasorelaxant effect of this new pyrazole derivative with involvement of NO/cGMP pathway and calcium channels.
Triceps Split and Snip Approach for Distal Humerus Fractures
Authors: ERICKSON John , POON Peter , BARRETT Matthew , CHATINDIARAH Idah , ALBERS Christiaan 
Published: March 2023

Background: The senior author adopted a Triceps Split and Snip approach in 2011. This paper details the results of patients for whom this approach was utilised for open reduction and internal fixation of complex AO type C distal humerus fractures.Methods: A retrospective analysis of a single surgeon’s cases was conducted. Range of movement, as well as Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and QuickDASH scores were evaluated. Two independent consultants with upper extremity practises evaluated pre- and post-operative radiographs.Results: Seven patients were available for clinical review. The mean age at the time of surgery was 47.7 years (range, 20.3–83.2) and the mean follow-up time was 3.6 years (range, 0.58–8). The average QuickDASH score was 15.85 (range, 0–52.3), average MEPS was 86.88 (range, 60–100) and average total arc of movement (TAM) was 103° (range, 70°–145°). All patients demonstrated 5/5 MRC triceps strength compared to the contralateral side.Conclusions: The Triceps Split and Snip approach for complex distal humerus fractures provided comparable mid-term clinical outcomes when compared to other published data regarding distal humerus fractures. It is versatile and does not compromise the intra-operative option of conversion to a total elbow arthroplasty.Level of Evidence: Level IV (Therapeutic)
Intramedullary Headless Screw Fixation for Metacarpal Fractures – Technical Tips
Authors: BHASHYAM Abhiram R. , MUDGAL Chaitanya 
Published: March 2023

Metacarpal fractures are a common injury in the hand. When surgical intervention is indicated, there are multiple approaches and techniques of fixation. Intramedullary fixation has become an increasingly versatile method of fixation. The limited dissection needed for its insertion, rotational stability provided by the isthmic fit and lack of requisite hardware removal are improvements over conventional K-wire or plate fixation techniques. Multiple outcome studies have confirmed its safety and effectiveness. In this technical note, we provide some tips that can help surgeons considering intramedullary headless screw fixation of metacarpal fractures. Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Interview with Mark Anderson
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus 
Published: March 2023

Mark Anderson has worked in the creation and support of information systems for over 40 years. In 2013 he returned to formal study, completing an MSc and PhD in Web Science at Southampton University, looking at sustaining organisations' knowledge held in hypertext. He is now a visiting fellow in the WAIS Group at the University of Southampton. He has previously worked in a range of careers: firstly as a signals officer in the Royal Navy, then co-founding an online start-up in the mid-90s, and latterly as a specialist metadata and Tinderbox consultant.
During his PhD studies, he worked on saving old hypertext systems of note (most notably, Southampton's Microcosm system). His current research continues to look at organisational knowledge systems that include humans in the loop rather than place complete reliance on computer "AI". He is also involved in a number of public projects to improve the durability of knowledge (including Visual-Meta, which was first trialled at Hypertext'21), as well as continuing to contribute to the recovery of other early hypertext systems---while they can still be found. In other research, he has created an in-conference citation dataset for the Hypertext Conference (1987--2020) and then worked with others to generate visualisations based upon it.
Since 2004 he has been the volunteer support leader for the community of users of the Tinderbox and Storyspace hypertextual tools including writing and maintained Tinderbox's "aTbRef" open documentation. He has also worked on digitisation of Ted Nelson's books to make them more accessible to the post-print generations. Most recently, as part of the Future of Text initiative he is also researching the implications for work in VR.
Mark has a particular interest in issues of spatial hypertext and the employment of multiple views on hypertext data. Mark's formal research work may be found at https://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=jn8crEAAAAAJ or https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-0721; he can be contacted at mwra1r19@soton.ac.uk or via Twitter @mwra.
AcTrak: Controlling a Steerable Surveillance Camera using Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Fahim Abdulrahman , Papalexakis Evangelos , Krishnamurthy Srikanth V. , K. Roy Chowdhury Amit , Kaplan Lance , Abdelzaher Tarek 
Published: March 2023

Steerable cameras that can be controlled via a network, to retrieve telemetries of interest have become popular. In this paper, we develop a framework called
AcTrak
, to automate a camera’s motion to appropriately switch between (a) zoom ins on existing targets in a scene to track their activities, and (b) zoom out to search for new targets arriving to the area of interest. Specifically, we seek to achieve a good trade-off between the two tasks, i.e., we want to ensure that new targets are observed by the camera before they leave the scene, while also zooming in on existing targets frequently enough to monitor their activities. There exist prior control algorithms for steering cameras to optimize certain objectives; however, to the best of our knowledge, none have considered this problem, and do not perform well when target activity tracking is required.
AcTrak
automatically controls the camera’s PTZ configurations using
reinforcement learning (RL
), to select the best camera position given the current state. Via simulations using real datasets, we show that
AcTrak
detects newly arriving targets
30%
faster than a non-adaptive baseline and rarely misses targets, unlike the baseline which can miss up to 5% of the targets. We also implement
AcTrak
to control a real camera and demonstrate that in comparison with the baseline, it acquires about
2×
more high resolution images of targets.
Sex Differences in Oral Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients Hospitalized With Atrial Fibrillation: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Lee Kuan Ken , Doudesis Dimitrios , Bing Rong , Astengo Federica , Perez Jesus R. , Anand Atul , McIntyre Shauna , Bloor Nicholas , Sandler Belinda , Lister Steven , Pollock Kevin G. , Qureshi Ayesha C. , McAllister David A. , Shah Anoop S. V. , Mills Nicholas L. 
Published: March 2023

Background
Important disparities in the treatment and outcomes of women and men with atrial fibrillation (AF) are well recognized. Whether introduction of direct oral anticoagulants has reduced disparities in treatment is uncertain.

Methods and Results
All patients who had an incident hospitalization from 2010 to 2019 with nonvalvular AF in Scotland were included in the present cohort study. Community drug dispensing data were used to determine prescribed oral anticoagulation therapy and comorbidity status. Logistic regression modeling was used to evaluate patient factors associated with treatment with vitamin K antagonists and direct oral anticoagulants. A total of 172 989 patients (48% women [82 833 of 172 989]) had an incident hospitalization with nonvalvular AF in Scotland between 2010 and 2019. By 2019, factor Xa inhibitors accounted for 83.6% of all oral anticoagulants prescribed, while treatment with vitamin K antagonists and direct thrombin inhibitors declined to 15.9% and 0.6%, respectively. Women were less likely to be prescribed any oral anticoagulation therapy compared with men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.67–0.70]). This disparity was mainly attributed to vitamin K antagonists (aOR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.66–0.70]), while there was less disparity in the use of factor Xa inhibitors between women and men (aOR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.90–0.95]).

Conclusions
Women with nonvalvular AF were significantly less likely to be prescribed vitamin K antagonists compared with men. Most patients admitted to the hospital in Scotland with incident nonvalvular AF are now treated with factor Xa inhibitors and this is associated with fewer treatment disparities between women and men.
Remote Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Lesions and Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Posener Sacha , Hmeydia Ghazi , Benzakoun Joseph , Oppenheim Catherine , Baron Jean-Claude , Turc Guillaume 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Remote diffusion-weighted imaging lesions (RDWILs) in the context of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke, worse functional outcome, and death. To update current knowledge on RDWILs, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence, associated factors and presumed causes of RDWILs.

Methods:
We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane up to June 2022 for studies reporting RDWILs in adults with symptomatic ICH of no-identified-cause, assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and analyzed associations between baseline variables and RDWILs in random-effects meta-analyses.

Results:
Eighteen observational studies (7 prospective), reporting 5211 patients were included, of whom 1386 had ≥1 RDWIL (pooled prevalence: 23.5% [19.0–28.6]). RDWIL presence was associated with neuroimaging features of microangiopathy, atrial fibrillation (odds ratio, 3.67 [1.80–7.49]), clinical severity (mean difference in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 1.58 points [0.50–2.66]), elevated blood pressure (mean difference, 14.02 mmHg [9.44–18.60]), ICH volume (mean difference, 2.78 mL [0.97–4.60]), and subarachnoid (odds ratio, 1.80 [1.00–3.24]) or intraventricular (odds ratio, 1.53 [1.28–1.83]) hemorrhage. RDWIL presence was associated with poor 3-month functional outcome (odds ratio, 1.95 [1.48–2.57]).

Conclusions:
RDWILs are detected in approximately 1-in-4 patients with acute ICH. Our results suggest that most RDWILs result from disruption of cerebral small vessel disease by ICH-related precipitating factors such as elevated intracranial pressure and cerebral autoregulation impairment. Their presence is associated with worse initial presentation and outcome. However, given the mostly cross-sectional designs and heterogeneity in study quality, further studies are needed to investigate whether specific ICH treatment strategies may reduce the incidence of RDWILs and in turn improve outcome and reduce stroke recurrence.
Early Stroke and Mortality After Percutaneous Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kogan Edward V. , Sciria Christopher T. , Liu Christopher F. , Wong S. Chiu , Bergman Geoffrey , Ip James E. , Thomas George , Markowitz Steven M. , Lerman Bruce B. , Kim Luke K. , Cheung Jim W. 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Percutaneous endocardial left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative therapy for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation who are poor candidates for oral anticoagulants. Oral anticoagulation is generally discontinued 45 days following successful LAAO. Real-world data on early stroke and mortality following LAAO are lacking.

Methods:

Using
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
, Clinical-Modification codes, we performed a retrospective observational registry analysis to examine the rates and predictors of stroke, mortality, and procedural complications during index hospitalization and 90-day readmission among 42 114 admissions in the Nationwide Readmissions Database for LAAO between 2016 and 2019. Early stroke and mortality were defined as events occurring during index admission or 90-day readmission. Data on timing of early strokes post-LAAO were collected. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to ascertain predictors of early stroke and major adverse events.

Results:

LAAO was associated with low rates of early stroke (0.63%), early mortality (0.53%), and procedural complications (2.59%). Among patients who had readmissions with strokes after LAAO, the median time from implant to readmission was 35 days (interquartile range, 9–57 days); 67% of readmissions with strokes occurred <45 days postimplant. Between 2016 and 2019, the rates of early stroke after LAAO significantly decreased (0.64% versus 0.46%
P
-for-trend <0.001), while early mortality and major adverse event rates were unchanged. Peripheral vascular disease and a history of prior stroke were independently associated with early stroke after LAAO. Early post-LAAO stroke rates were similar between low, medium, and high LAAO volume tertile centers.

Conclusions:
In this contemporary real-world analysis, the early stroke rate after LAAO was low, with the majority occurring within 45 days of device implantation. Despite an increase in LAAO procedures between 2016 and 2019, there with a significant decline in early strokes after LAAO during that period.
Validation of Brain Injury Guidelines in the Elderly Trauma Patient Presenting at a Level Two Trauma Center
Authors: Wasfie Tarik , Korbitz Holland , Odowd Brendan , Hille Jennifer Lynn , Hella Jennifer , Barber Kimberly , Yapchai Raquel , Brian Shapiro 
Published: March 2023

Retrospective analysis, validating the brain injury guideline (BIG) in the management of traumatic head injury in our level II trauma center after implementation of the protocol, and compare the outcomes to those seen before the protocol, of 542 patients seen in the Emergency Department (ED), with head injury between 2017 and 2021 was completed. Those patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (pre BIG protocol implementation) and Group 2 (post BIG protocol implementation). Data included age, race, length of stay (hospital and ICU), comorbid conditions, anticoagulant therapy, surgical intervention, GCS, ISS, findings of head CT and any subsequent progression, mortality, and readmission within one month. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. There were 314 patients in group 1 and 228 patients in group 2. Mean age of group 2 was significantly higher than group 1 (67 vs 59 years, p=0.0001), however their gender was similar. Data available on 526 patients were classified as BIG 1=122, BIG 2=73, and BIG 3=331 patients. Post-implementation group were older (70 vs 44 years, P=0.0001) with more females (67% vs 45%, P=0.05) and had significantly more than 4 comorbid conditions (29% vs 8%, P=0.004), with the majority presented with a size of 4 mm or less of acute subdural or subarachnoid hematoma. No patient in either group had progression of their neurological examination, neurosurgical intervention, or readmission.. Elderly trauma patients may benefit from implementation of BIG criteria protocol, thus reducing cost of patient care, however a larger sample size is needed.
Virtual Adaptation of Empathetic Communication Training for Pediatric Interns
Authors: Niehaus Jason Z. , Slaven James E. , Fettig Lyle 
Published: March 2023

Objective: Evaluate feasibility and effectiveness of virtual adaptation of in-person simulation-based empathetic communication training. Methods: Pediatric interns participated in virtual training session then completed post-session and 3 months follow up surveys. Results: Self-reported preparedness on the skills all improved significantly. The interns report the educational value as extremely high both immediately after and 3 months after training. 73% of the interns report using the skills at least weekly. Conclusion: A 1 day virtual simulation-based communication training is feasible, well received, and similarly effective as in-person training.
Evaluation of Global Cleft Care Initiatives Among the Top Searched Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Reddy Narainsai K. , Shah Nikhil D. , Weissman Joshua P. , Chwa Emily S. , Gosain Arun K. 
Published: March 2023

Objective International outreach for cleft lip and/or palate care has traditionally been characterized by foreign groups and individuals holding surgical outreach trips in low- and middle-income countries. However, this “magic bullet” approach has often been criticized for prioritizing short-term results that may disrupt local workflow. The presence and impact of local organizations that support cleft care and take on capacity building initiatives has not been well explored. Design Eight countries previously studied as having the highest Google search demand for CL/P were chosen for the scope of the study. Local NGOs in regions were identified through a web search, and information was collected regarding the location, objectives, partnerships, and work conducted thus far. Results Countries with a strong combination of local and international organizations included Ghana, Philippines, Nepal, Kenya, Pakistan, India, and Nigeria. The country with minimal to no local NGO presence included Zimbabwe. Local NGOs often supported education and research, training of providers and staff, spreading community awareness, offering interdisciplinary care, and opening cleft clinics and hospitals. Unique initiatives included starting the first school for children with CL/P, enrolling patients in the national healthcare to cover CL/P care, and monitoring the referral system to improve efficiencies in the healthcare system. Conclusions Moving towards a mindset of capacity building not only involves bilateral partnerships between international host sites and visiting organizations, but also collaboration with local NGOs that have a deep understanding of local communities. Successful partnerships may help address the complex challenges regarding CL/P care faced by LMICs.