bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of water deficit at different stages on growth and ear quality of waxy maize
Authors: Huang Chao , Qin Anzhen , Gao Yang , Ma Shoutian , Liu Zugui , Zhao Ben , Ning Dongfeng , Zhang Kai , Gong Wenjun , Sun Mengqiang , Liu Zhandong 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionExtreme weather has occurred more frequently in recent decades, which results in more frequent drought disasters in the maize growing season. Severe drought often decreases remarkably plant growth and yield of maize, and even reduces significantly the quality of maize production, especially for waxy maize.ResultsTo study the changes in plant growth, fresh ear yield, and fresh grain quality of waxy maize under water deficits occurring at different growth stages, and further strengthen the field water management of waxy maize, water deficit experiments were carried out under a rain shelter in 2019 and 2020. Water deficit treatments were imposed respectively at the V6–VT (DV6–VT), VT–R2 (DVT–R2), and R2–R3 (DR2–R3) stages of waxy maize, and treatment with non-water deficit in the whole growing season was taken as the control (CK). The lower limit of soil water content was 50% of field capacity for a water deficit period and 65% of field capacity for a non-water deficit period.ResultsIn this study, water deficits imposed at V6–VT and VT–R2 stages decreased plant growth rate and leaf gas exchange parameters, accelerated leaf senescence, and limited ear growth of waxy maize, which resulted in 11.6% and 23.1% decreases in grains per ear, 19.4% and 7.3% declines in 100-grain weight, 20.3% and 14.2% losses in fresh ear yield in 2019 and 2020 growing seasons, respectively, while water deficit at R2–R3 stage had no significant effect on ear traits and fresh ear yield, but the fresh ear yield with husk of DR2–R3 decreased by 9.1% (P&lt;0.05). The obvious water deficit imposed at the V6–VT and VT–R2 stages also lowered grain quality. Water deficits at the V6–VT and VT–R2 stages led to accelerated maturity, resulting in increased total protein, starch, and lysine content in grains at the R3 stage and decreased soluble sugar content. Principal component analysis revealed that when water deficits occurred in the waxy maize growing season, they firstly altered maize physiological processes, then affected ear characteristics and yield, and finally resulted in significant grain quality changes. In conclusion, a water deficit during V6–VT and VT–R2 not only reduced fresh ear yield but also adversely affected grain quality. However, water deficit during R2–R3 had little effect on total protein, starch, and soluble sugar content,but increased obviously lysine content.DiscussionThe above results suggested that avoiding serious water deficits at the V6–VT and VT–R2 stages of waxy maize while imposing a slight water deficit at the R2–R3 stage has not only little effects on fresh ear yield but also a remarkable improvement in grain quality.
RALF peptides modulate immune response in the moss Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Mamaeva Anna , Lyapina Irina , Knyazev Andrey , Golub Nina , Mollaev Timur , Chudinova Elena , Elansky Sergey , Babenko Vladislav V. , Veselovsky Vladimir A. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Gribova Tatiana , Kharlampieva Daria , Lazarev Vassili , Fesenko Igor 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundRAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALFs) are cysteine-rich peptides that regulate multiple physiological processes in plants. This peptide family has considerably expanded during land plant evolution, but the role of ancient RALFs in modulating stress responses is unknown.Results: Here, we used the moss Physcomitrium patens as a model to gain insight into the role of RALF peptides in the coordination of plant growth and stress response in non-vascular plants. The quantitative proteomic analysis revealed concerted downregulation of M6 metalloprotease and some membrane proteins, including those involved in stress response, in PpRALF1, 2 and 3 knockout (KO) lines. The subsequent analysis revealed the role of PpRALF3 in growth regulation under abiotic and biotic stress conditions, implying the importance of RALFs in responding to various adverse conditions in bryophytes. We found that knockout of the PpRALF2 and PpRALF3 genes resulted in increased resistance to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens, Pectobacterium carotovorum and Fusarium solani, suggesting the role of these peptides in negative regulation of the immune response in P. patens. Comparing the transcriptomes of PpRALF3 KO and wild-type plants infected by F. solani showed that the regulation of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and those involved in cell wall modification and biogenesis was different in these two genotypes.ConclusionThus, our study sheds light on the function of the previously uncharacterized PpRALF3 peptide and gives a clue to the ancestral functions of RALF peptides in plant stress response.
Overhead photoselective shade films mitigate effects of climate change by arresting flavonoid and aroma composition degradation in wine
Authors: Marigliano Lauren E. , Yu Runze , Torres Nazareth , Medina-Plaza Cristina , Oberholster Anita , Kurtural Sahap Kaan 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionOverhead photoselective shade films installed in vineyards improve berry composition in hot grape-growing regions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the flavonoid and aroma profiles and composition of wines from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) treated with partial solar radiation exclusion.MethodsExperimental design consisted in a randomized experiment with four shade films (D1, D3, D4, D5) with differing solar radiation spectra transmittance and compared to an uncovered control (C0) performed over two seasons (2021 and 2022) in Oakville (CA, USA). Berries were collected by hand at harvest and individual vinifications for each treatment and season were conducted in triplicates. Then, wine chemical composition, flavonoid and aromatic profiles were analyzed.ResultsThe wines from D4 treatment had greater color intensity and total phenolic index due to co-pigmentation with anthocyanins. Shade film wines D5 and D1 from the 2020 vintage demonstrated increased total anthocyanins in the hotter of the two experimental years. In 2021, reduced cluster temperatures optimized total anthocyanins in D4 wines. Reduced cluster temperatures modulated anthocyanin acylation, methylation and hydroxylation in shade film wines. Volatile aroma composition was analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) and D4 wines exhibited a more fruity and pleasant aroma profile than C0 wines.DiscussionResults provided evidence that partial solar radiation exclusion in the vineyard using overhead shade films directly improved flavonoid and aroma profiles of resultant wines under hot vintage conditions, providing a tool for combatting air temperatures and warmer growing conditions associated with climate change.
Gender stereotypes in leadership: Analyzing the content and evaluation of stereotypes about typical, male, and female leaders
Authors: Tremmel Manuela , Wahl Ingrid 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionPrevious research often examined gender stereotypes in leadership with ratings on predetermined gendered characteristics concerning leaders’ agency and communality (i.e., explicit measures). The aim of the present study was to broaden the understanding of gender stereotypes in leadership by taking more subtle approaches, that focus on what men and women actually ascribe to typical, male, and female leaders and how they implicitly evaluate them.MethodsAn online survey collected (a) free associations which reflect social representations (e.g., dominant, empathic), (b) evaluations of the given associations as negative, neutral, or positive, and (c) ratings on Peabody’s semantic differential combining non-gendered adjective pairs to an evaluative component of a typical leader, a male leader, and a female leader.ResultsUsing the approach of social representations by analyzing 2,842 free associations from 194 participants shows the predominant gender stereotypes. Ratings of the free associations revealed that women evaluate characteristics associated with female leaders more negatively than those associated with typical leaders and male leaders. By contrast, using the evaluative component of non-gendered adjective pairs shows that typical and female leaders were often rated more positively than male leaders and that women were more likely to devalue male leaders.DiscussionDirectly asking about leaders (i.e., associations) might retrieve participants’ gender stereotypes, whereas when using non-direct questions (i.e., evaluation component of adjective pairs) gender stereotypes might be less prominent. Thus, when evaluating leaders, practitioners and researchers should consider whether these evaluations were obtained explicitly or implicitly to assess potential influences of gender stereotypes.
Relationship between nurses’ psychological capital and satisfaction of elderly cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: He Hui , Zhu Na , Lyu Bei , Zhai Shengbao 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionAs a special vulnerable group, the physical and mental health of elderly cancer patients has attracted much attention. However, few studies have focused on the impact of nurses’ mental state on the mental health of elderly cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to this literature gap, this study aims to explore the impact of nurses’ psychological capital on the satisfaction of elderly cancer patients. The job demands-resources model (JD-R) is used to further investigate how work engagement and job resources of nurses affect this relationship.MethodsThe questionnaire survey was used to collect data, participants included 230 elderly cancer patients and their nurses from a tertiary first-class cancer hospital in China. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was conducted with SmartPLS 3.3.9.ResultsNurses’ psychological capital has a significant positive impact on the satisfaction of elderly cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses’ work engagement is an important mechanism for their psychological capital to affect the satisfaction of elderly cancer patients. In addition, nurses’ job resources positively moderate the relationship between their psychological capital and work engagement. The positive relationship between psychological capital and work engagement of nurses is stronger when they have abundant job resources.DiscussionThese findings suggest that healthcare organizations should take the psychological capital of medical staff as an important means to improve their competitive advantage. It can improve the quality of medical services to obtain good performance by effectively developing and managing the psychological capital of medical staff. In addition, healthcare organizations should recognize the importance of providing adequate job resources for medical staff.
A study of risk factors for tuberculous meningitis among patients with tuberculosis in China: An analysis of data between 2012 and 2019
Authors: Huang Mailing , Ma Yan , Ji Xinyu , Jiang Hui , Liu Fangchao , Chu Naihui , Li Qi 
Published: January 2023

PurposeThe present study aimed to explore the risk factors for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) among patients with tuberculosis (TB).MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on patients with TB who were hospitalized in Beijing Chest Hospital between January 2012 and December 2019. Demographic and clinical data of patients with TB were extracted from electronic medical records using a standardized data collection system. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors associated with TBM.ResultsOf the total number of 22,988 cases enrolled, 3.1% were cases of TBM, which included 127 definite and 581 probable TBM, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that definite TBM was significantly associated with patients aged &lt; 30 years [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.015, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.451–6.266)], who were farmers [aOR = 1.490, 95%CI: (1.020–2.177)], with miliary pulmonary TB [aOR = 105.842, 95%CI: (71.704–156.235)], and with malnutrition [aOR = 2.466, 95%CI: (1.110–5.479)]. Additionally, probable TBM was significantly associated with patients aged &lt; 30 years [aOR = 2.174, 95% CI: (1.450–3.261)], aged 30–59 years [aOR = 1.670, 95% CI: (1.222–2.282)], who were farmers [aOR = 1.482, 95%CI: (1.203–1.825)], with miliary pulmonary TB [aOR = 108.696, 95%CI: (87.122–135.613)], and with a digestive system TB [aOR = 2.906, 95%CI: (1.762–4.793)].ConclusionAn age of &lt; 30 years, being a farmer, and having miliary pulmonary TB were risk factors for TBM among patients with TB. Further screening of patients with TB with aforementioned characteristics could facilitate clinicians to identify patients with TBM at an early stage.
Association between daytime nap duration and risks of frailty: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zhang Yan , Zhou Lixing , Ge Meiling , Lin Xiufang , Dong Birong 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionNight sleep duration and total sleep duration are associated with frailty. However, the association between daytime nap duration and the risks of frailty has not been explored thoroughly.MethodsThis study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants aged 60 years and older at baseline were included in this study. Individuals with daytime nap duration were categorized into four groups: no napping, short napping (&lt; 30 min), moderate napping (30–89 min), and extended napping (≥90 min). Frailty was assessed using a modified Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) scale. Non-frail participants at baseline were followed up for 4 years. The association between nap duration and risks of frailty at baseline and incident frailty was evaluated by logistic regression and discrete-time Cox regression analyses, respectively.ResultsIn total, 5,126 participants were included in this study. For individuals with night sleep duration of ≥9 h, short nappers showed higher odds [odds ratio (OR) = 4.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–12.78] for frailty compared with non-habitual nappers at baseline, while moderate nappers were less likely to be frail (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.73). In the follow-up study, short nappers showed higher risks for frailty compared with participants of the no napping group with night sleep duration of &lt; 6 h [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07–3.43] or 6–9 h (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.18–3.30). Compared with short nappers, older adults with extended napping (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.77) showed lower risks for frailty in those with night sleep duration of 6–9 h. For individuals with night sleep duration of ≥9 h, moderate napping (HR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77) decreased the risks for frailty compared with short napping.ConclusionAmong older adults with night sleep duration of &lt; 9 h, short nappers posed higher risks for frailty compared with non-habitual nappers. Extended naps for those with a night sleep duration of 6–9 h or moderate naps for those with night sleep duration of ≥9 h could lower the risk of frailty compared with short naps. Future studies on the timing, purpose, frequency, and quality of daytime napping and objectively measured nap duration are needed to explore the association between daytime napping and risks of frailty.
Cognitive trajectories during the menopausal transition
Authors: Than Stephanie , Moran Chris , Beare Richard , Vincent Amanda , Lane Emma , Collyer Taya Annabelle , Callisaya Michele L. , Srikanth Velandai 
Published: January 2023

AimsFemale sex is associated with an increased prevalence of dementia. Menopause may have a role to play in explaining sex differences in cognition, and possibly the risk of future dementia. We aimed to determine if the rate of cognitive decline differed between stages of the menopausal transition.Materials and methodsWomen with data on menopause and longitudinal cognitive function from the UK Biobank study were stratified into three groups: premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal. We studied associations of these menopause groups with rate of change in reaction time, verbal-numeric reasoning, prospective memory, visual memory and attention/working memory, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity and APOEε4 genotype. We also explored the effect of menopausal hormonal therapy (MHT) use and cross-sectional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumes on these models.ResultsWe included 15,486 women (baseline mean age 52 years) over a mean duration of 8 years. An interaction between menopausal group status and time was found for reaction time (p &lt; 0.01). Compared with premenopausal women, the rate of increase (worsening) in reaction time was least in postmenopausal women (β = −1.07, p for interaction = 0.02). In general, compared with premenopausal women, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women had overall poorer performance in fluid intelligence and memory over the study duration, with no difference in rates of change. The models were unaffected by MHT use and brain volume measures.ConclusionsPerimenopause and post-menopause are associated with cognitive changes. Psychomotor speed appears to be most sensitive to the menopause transition, whereas other cognitive functions may be less susceptible. More sensitive structural or functional brain imaging may be required to understand the underlying neural basis for these findings.
Augmented reality for minimally invasive spinal surgery
Authors: Avrumova Fedan , Lebl Darren R. 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundAugmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that can overlay computer graphics onto the real world and enhance visual feedback from information systems. Within the past several decades, innovations related to AR have been integrated into our daily lives; however, its application in medicine, specifically in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS), may be most important to understand. AR navigation provides auditory and haptic feedback, which can further enhance surgeons’ capabilities and improve safety.PurposeThe purpose of this article is to address previous and current applications of AR, AR in MISS, limitations of today's technology, and future areas of innovation.MethodsA literature review related to applications of AR technology in previous and current generations was conducted.ResultsAR systems have been implemented for treatments related to spinal surgeries in recent years, and AR may be an alternative to current approaches such as traditional navigation, robotically assisted navigation, fluoroscopic guidance, and free hand. As AR is capable of projecting patient anatomy directly on the surgical field, it can eliminate concern for surgeon attention shift from the surgical field to navigated remote screens, line-of-sight interruption, and cumulative radiation exposure as the demand for MISS increases.ConclusionAR is a novel technology that can improve spinal surgery, and limitations will likely have a great impact on future technology.
Accumulation of Alkaloids in Different Tall Fescue KY31 Clones Harboring the Common Toxic Epichloë coenophiala Endophyte under Field Conditions
Authors: Dinkins Randy D. , Coe Brenda L. , Phillips Timothy D. , Ji Huihua 
Published: January 2023

Tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) is a highly adaptable forage, pasture and turf grass that is grown on over 14 M ha in the eastern half of the United States and in other temperate regions of the world. A significant factor in adaptability, productivity and stand persistence is in part due to the presence of an intercellular, seed-transmissible, endophytic fungus, Epichloë coenophiala. Epichloë endophytes have been shown to produce a number of alkaloid compounds only in planta, some that are beneficial in repelling insects, while others are toxic to animals. The goal of this work was to monitor the level of the ergot and loline (classified as pyrrolizidine) alkaloid accumulation in individual plants to determine the plant genotype contribution to alkaloid concentrations. The experimental design consisted of sixteen tall fescue KY31 clones in a space-planted, replicated trial over three years. Our results demonstrated that while changes in the alkaloid concentrations for each plant/endophyte genotype were observed over the three years, the overall alkaloid levels remained relatively constant when compared to other plant/endophyte genotypes combinations in the field. Additionally, overall levels of the ergot and loline alkaloid accumulation did not vary in the same way over the three years. Since the E. coenophiala endophyte genotype was the same across all clones, our results indicate that it is the plant genotype that is responsible for determining alkaloid levels in each plant, and suggest that the signal(s) from the plant to the endophyte may not be the same for ergot and loline alkaloid production.
Design and Optimization of a Boost Interface for Magnetostrictive Energy Harvesting
Authors: Clemente Carmine Stefano , Iannone Immacolato , Loschiavo Vincenzo Paolo , Davino Daniele 
Published: January 2023

Magnetostrictive alloys are very promising for Vibration Energy Harvesting applications to supply power to Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, especially because of their intrinsic robustness. Typically, vibration energy sources are random in nature, usually providing exploitable voltages much lower than the electronic standards 1.6, 3.3 and 5 V. Therefore, a Power Electronic Interface (PEI) is needed to improve the conversion to DC output voltage from AC input over a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. Very few or no conversion techniques are available for magnetostrictive devices, although several have been presented over the years for other smart materials, such as piezoelectrics. For example, hybrid buck–boost converters for piezoelectrics use one or more external inductors with a high-frequency switching technique. However, because of the intrinsic nature of harvesters based on magnetostrictive materials, such energy conversion techniques are proved to be neither efficient nor applicable. An improved AC–DC boost converter seems very promising for our purpose instead. The key feature is represented by the direct exploitation of the active harvester coil as a storage element of the boost circuit, without using other passive inductors as in other switching methods. Experimental tests of such a converter, driven with a real-time operating Arduino controller to detect the polarity of the input voltage, are presented with the aim to assess the potentiality of the scheme with both sinusoidal and impulse-like inputs. Simulations have been performed with LTspice, and the performance and efficiency have been compared with other energy conversion techniques.