bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating enhancement ratios of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide using satellite observations
Authors: MacDonald Cameron G. , Mastrogiacomo Jon-Paul , Laughner Joshua L. , Hedelius Jacob K. , Nassar Ray , Wunch Debra 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. Using co-located space-based measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-2/3) and carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), we calculate total column enhancements for observations influenced by anthropogenic emissions from urban regions relative to clean background values. We apply this method to observations taken over or downwind of 27 large (population of >1 million) urban areas from around the world. Enhancement ratios between species are calculated and compared to emissions ratios derived from four globally gridded anthropogenic emissions inventories. We find that these global inventories underestimate CO emissions in many North American and European cities relative to our observed enhancement ratios, while smaller differences were found for NO2 emissions. We further demonstrate that the calculation and intercomparison of enhancement ratios of multiple tracers can help to identify the underlying biases leading to disagreement between observations and inventories. Additionally, we use high-resolution CO2 inventories for two cities (Los Angeles and Indianapolis) to estimate emissions of CO and NO2 using our calculated enhancement ratios and find good agreement with both a previous modelling study for the megacity of Los Angeles and California Air Resources Board (CARB) inventory estimates.
Characterisations of Europe's integrated water vapour and assessments of atmospheric reanalyses using more than 2 decades of ground-based GPS
Authors: Yuan Peng , Van Malderen Roeland , Yin Xungang , Vogelmann Hannes , Jiang Weiping , Awange Joseph , Heck Bernhard , Kutterer Hansjörg 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. The ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) has been
used extensively to retrieve integrated water vapour (IWV) and has been
adopted as a unique tool for the assessments of atmospheric reanalyses. In
this study, we investigated the multi-temporal-scale variabilities and
trends of IWV over Europe by using IWV time series from 108 GPS stations for more than 2 decades (1994–2018). We then adopted the GPS IWV as a
reference to assess six commonly used atmospheric reanalyses, namely the Climate Forecast System
Reanalysis (CFSR); ERA5; ERA-Interim; the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis
(JRA-55); the Modern-Era Retrospective
Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2); and NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (NCEP-2). The GPS results show that the
peaks of the diurnal harmonics are within 15:00–21:00 in local solar time at 90 % of the stations. The diurnal amplitudes are 0–1.2 kg m−2 (0 %–8 % of the daily mean IWV), and they are found to be related to seasons and locations with different mechanisms, such as solar heating, land–sea breeze, and orographic circulation. However, mismatches in the diurnal cycle of ERA5 IWV between 09:00 and 10:00 UTC as well as between 21:00 and 22:00 UTC were found and evaluated for the first time, and they can be attributed to the edge effect in each ERA5 assimilation cycle. The average ERA5 IWV shifts are −0.08 and 0.19 kg m−2 at the two epochs, and they were found
to be more significant in summer and in the Alps and in Eastern and central
Europe in some cases. Nevertheless, ERA5 outperforms the other reanalyses in
reproducing diurnal IWV anomalies at all the 1-, 3-, and 6-hourly temporal
resolutions. ERA5 is also superior to the others in modelling the annual
cycle and linear trend of IWV. For instance, the IWV trend differences
between ERA5 and GPS are quite small, with a mean value and a standard
deviation of 0.01 % per decade and 0.97 % per decade,
respectively. However, due to significant discrepancies with respect to GPS,
CFSR and NCEP-2 are not recommended for the analysis of IWV trends over
southern Europe and the whole of Europe, respectively.
Migrating and nonmigrating tidal signatures in sporadic E layer occurrence rates
Authors: Jacobi Christoph , Kandieva Kanykei , Arras Christina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. We analyse sporadic E (ES) layer occurrence rates (OR) obtained from ionospheric GPS radio occultation measurements by the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC constellation. Maximum OR are seen at 95–105 km altitude. Midlatitude ES layers are mainly due to wind shear in the presence of tides, and the strongest signals are the migrating diurnal and semidiurnal components. Especially in the Southern Hemisphere, nonmigrating components such as a diurnal westward wave 2 and a semidiurnal westward wave 1 are also visible, especially at higher latitudes. Near the equator, a strong diurnal eastward wavenumber 3 component and a semidiurnal eastward wavenumber 2 component occur in summer and autumn. Terdiurnal and quarterdiurnal components are weaker than the diurnal and semidiurnal ones.
Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Alcântara Enner , Marengo José A. , Mantovani José , Londe Luciana R. , San Rachel Lau Yu , Park Edward , Lin Yunung Nina , Wang Jingyu , Mendes Tatiana , Cunha Ana Paula , Pampuch Luana , Seluchi Marcelo , Simões Silvio , Cuartas Luz Adriana , Goncalves Demerval , Massi Klécia , Alvalá Regina , Moraes Osvaldo , Filho Carlos Souza , Mendes Rodolfo , Nobre Carlos 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. On 15 February 2022, the city of Petrópolis in the highlands of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received an unusually high volume of rain within 3 h (258 mm), generated by a strongly invigorated mesoscale convective system. It resulted in flash floods and subsequent landslides that caused the deadliest landslide disaster recorded in Petrópolis, with 231 fatalities. In this paper, we analyzed the root causes and the key triggering factors of this landslide disaster by assessing the spatial relationship of landslide occurrence with various environmental factors. Rainfall data were retrieved from 1977 to 2022 (a combination of ground weather stations and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation – CHIRPS). Remotely sensed data were used to map the landslide scars, soil moisture, terrain attributes, line-of-sight displacement (land surface deformation), and urban sprawling (1985–2020). The results showed that the average monthly rainfall for February 2022 was 200 mm, the heaviest recorded in Petrópolis since 1932. Heavy rainfall was also recorded mostly in regions where the landslide occurred, according to analyses of the rainfall spatial distribution. As for terrain, 23 % of slopes between 45–60∘ had landslide occurrences and east-facing slopes appeared to be the most conducive for landslides as they recorded landslide occurrences of about 9 % to 11 %. Regarding the soil moisture, higher variability was found in the lower altitude (842 m) where the residential area is concentrated. Based on our land deformation assessment, the area is geologically stable, and the landslide occurred only in the thin layer at the surface. Out of the 1700 buildings found in the region of interest, 1021 are on the slope between 20 to 45∘ and about 60 houses were directly affected by the landslides. As such, we conclude that the heavy rainfall was not the only cause responsible for the catastrophic event of 15 February 2022; a combination of unplanned urban growth on slopes between 45–60∘, removal of vegetation, and the absence of inspection were also expressive driving forces of this disaster.
The poetry of Swami Vivekananda: An Exploration into the Romanticism
Authors: Vishesh Kumar Pandey  , Dr Sandhya Saxena  
Published: March 2023

The present research paper focuses on the Romantic traits and tendencies in the poetry of Swami Vivekananda. Swami Vivekananda is the initial signature of poetry on the manuscript of Indian English literature. Generally applauded as the fiery orator in the world, his poetic introduction has almost been unnoticed by the critical pens. He is not a poet who compiles volume after volume but writes when he is overwhelmed by ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’. His poetry is remarkable for various romantic traits. The portrayal of child, love to humanity, love for love’s sake, freedom, imagery and imagination are the echoes of Romanticism in his poetry. He reminds us of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley and Keats in his instincts and poetic tendencies. His poems, though countable on the finger-tips, are the sublime poetic pieces of artistic culmination. This paper also focuses on the similarities and dissimarities of his poetry with the great poets of the Romantic era.
Collateral Legal Consequences and Criminal Sentencing
Authors: Hoskins Zachary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA criminal conviction can trigger numerous burdensome legal consequences beyond the formal sentence. Some charge that these “collateral” legal consequences (CLCs) constitute additional measures of punishment, which raises the further question of whether judges should consider these CLCs when making sentencing decisions, reducing the formal sentence in proportion to the severity of the CLCs the defendant will face. The idea that all CLCs constitute forms of punishment reflects a particular conception of punishment, which I call the “minimalist view.” In this paper, I argue against the minimalist view. I contend that on a more adequate conception of punishment, some but not all CLCs constitute punishment. I also argue that whether judges should consider CLCs in sentencing decisions depends on whether the relevant CLCs constitute punishment.
KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA COVID 19 DIRAWAT DI RSU LIUNKENDAGE TAHUNA SEJAK JANUARI 2021
Authors: Surudani Conny Juliana , Makahaghi Yenny 
Published: March 2023

Penularan virus corona 19 disebabkan oleh SARS Corona virus 2. Ditandai dengan demam, sesak nafas, batuk dan mengalami gangguan nafas akut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif berupa data rekam medic RSU Liunkendage Tahuna untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita COVID 19 yang dirawat di RSU Liunkendage Tahuna sebanyak 325 pasien. Pengolahan data dianalisia secara deskriptif untuk melihat distribusi frekuensi, responden penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik. Hasil: yang menderita COVID 19 paling banyak pada kelompok umur 18-65 tahun 253 orang (78%), berjenis kelamin perempuan yaitu sebanyak 191 orang (59%) dan laki-laki sebanyak 134 orang (41%). Sedangkan gejala ringan yaitu 242 orang (74%) dan yang mengalami penurunan kesadaran 6 orang pasien (2%), tidak memiliki riwayat komorbid yaitu 204 orang (63%) dan yang memiliki riwayat komorbid sebanyak 121 orang (37%). Pasien Covid-19 paling banyak belum divaksin dengan jumlah 307 orang (94%) dan 3 orang (1%) sudah pernah di vaksin dosis pertama.
Corona-19 virus transmission caused by SARS Coronavirus 2. Fever, shortness of breath, coughing, and acute respiratory disorder are signs that indicate Covid-19. This research used a descriptive method with medical record data at General Hospital Liunkendage Tahuna to determine 353 characteristics of patients of Covid-19 victims being treated at General Hospital Liunkendage Tahuna. Tabulation of data analyzed descriptively to know frequency distribution, and research respondents based on characteristics. Result: Patients covid-19 most of age 18-65 years old (78%), the female gender is 191 patients (59%), and as many as male 134 patients (41%). Quick indication 242 patients (74%) and lowering of unconscious 6 patients (2%). Patients do not history of comorbidities 204 (63%) and patients have comorbidities 121 people (37%). Covid-19 patients most of them not been vaccinated 307 people (94%) dan three (3) people have been vaccinated with the first dose.
Dynamic routing protocols for wireless touch networks: a review
Authors: Sverdlova Anastasia D. , Zaporozhets Artur O. , Bohachev Ihor V. , Popov Oleksandr O. , Iatsyshyn Anna V. , Iatsyshyn Andrii V. , Kovach Valeriia O. , Artemchuk Volodymyr O. , Hrushchynska Nataliia M. 
Published: March 2023

This article has been retracted. Please see: Retraction of published article due to the author’s proposal - 23 March 2023 Wireless Touch Networks (WTN) have become increasingly important with the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and are regarded as a class of self-organizing networks. This article presents an overview of the construction principles, routing protocols, quality of service parameters, traffic models, and characteristics of WTN. The article also explores the application of dynamic routing protocols for constructing a self-organizing network of autonomous IoT systems. Known dynamic routing protocols for mobile radio networks are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of proactive and reactive approaches are discussed.
Thematic and Sentiment Analysis of Learners’ Feedback in MOOCs
Authors: Pant Harsh Vardhan , Manoj Manoj Chandra Lohani , Jeetendra Jeetendra Pande 
Published: March 2023

In recent years, sentiment analysis has gained popularity among researchers in various domains, including the education domain. Sentiment analysis can be applied to review the course comments in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), which could enable course designers’ to easily evaluate their courses. The objective of this study is to explore the influential factors that affect the completion rate of MOOCs and unravel the sentiments of dropout learners by evaluating learners’ feedback. In the present study, sentiment analysis was performed using Python programming and NVivo tools on the feedback of the learners enrolled in three MOOCs entitled Introduction to Cyber Security, Digital Forensics and Development of Online Courses for SWAYAM, which was hosted on the SWAYAM platform (www.swayam.gov.in). Two instruments were used for data collection: (1) a structured questionnaire using a 5-point Likert scale was administrated using Google Forms — the questionnaires have also some additional open-ended questions — and (2) semi-structured interview schedules with the domain experts. The feedback was collected using Google Forms and a total of 324 responses were received between April 23, 2022 to May 31, 2022. The non-probability sampling method served as the sampling approach in the quantitative phase in this study. During analysis, the findings of the feedback uncovered important dimensions of some peculiar factors that may be responsible for retention of learners, i.e., content localisation, credit mobility and latest trend courses that were less explored in the earlier literature.
ICT and Internet Usage among Kosovar Students: the Impact of Trends on Achievement in the PISA Scales
Authors: Shala Arif , Grajcevci Albulene 
Published: March 2023

The current analysis aims to research the impact of ICT usage on students’ achievement in the 2018 PISA assessment. The Program for International student assessment, measures the achievement of 15-year-olds in mathematics, science and reading literacy across a large number of world economies. Kosovo has participated in the PISA assessment in 2015 for the first time and for the second time in 2018. The current study will look at the achievement of over 4000 Kosovar students in reading literacy, mathematics and science and analyze trends of ICT usage among students. More specifically the analysis focused on understanding trends of ICT and internet usage of Kosovar students, such as using computers for chatting, research information, reading literacy news, learning something new, and reading emails among others. Furthermore, the study explores gender differences in usage trends, to explore if gender plays a role in such trends. Finally, the study researches the impact on performance of gender, internet access and access to computers to complete homework. The result of the current analysis provides that access to internet and having access to computers at home links to higher achievement in all PISA scales. An additional finding of this study is that Kosovar students tend to use technology and internet mainly to chat with friends, and significantly less for reading emails, learning for something new or for doing homework. Female students reported lower internet presence compared to male students, but in the meantime were the ones who outperformed in the reading literacy and science scales, suggesting that higher online presence mainly for chatting hinders learning and achievement.
ATÉ ONDE VAI O DIREITO DO COMPANHEIRO(A) EM UNIÃO ESTÁVEL NO DIREITO SUCESSÓRIO?
Authors: Corrêa Jacqueline Henriques 
Published: March 2023

O presente artigo tem como objeto o estudo da união estável e das questões que perpassam por este modelo de entidade familiar, considerando seu processo de construção histórica até seu reconhecimento na Constituição Federal de 1988 e sua inserção no Código Civil de 2002. Ainda que com diversas questões postas, uma vez que o polêmico art. 1790 do CC/02 não previa ao companheiro os mesmos direitos dos cônjuges, a união estável ganhou espaço na doutrina e nas jurisprudências, e em 2017 o STF julgou pela inconstitucionalidade do artigo. Fato é que as questões que atingem este modelo de organização familiar foram abrindo caminho para novas discussões ligadas às famílias formadas por casais homoafetivos, por famílias paralelas e poliafetivas. O foco inicial foi pensar em até onde vai o direito destes companheiros e buscar uma possibilidade prática que tente garantir seus direitos, uma vez que as mudanças na organização das famílias é contínua e a lei deve ir se adaptando a elas, não o inverso. Neste contexto, através da pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva e na legislação vigente, com marco teórico nas mudanças ocorridas após o julgamento dos REs de 2017, foi pensada a possibilidade do registro cartorário como um avanço nas discussões e nas mudanças que ainda estão por vir.
Palavras-chaves: União estável. Artigo 1790. Inconstitucionalidade. Registro Cartorário.
Geology of Souse Springs quadrangle, New Mexico
Authors: Clemons Russell E. , Seager William R. 
Published: March 2023

The Souse Springs 71/2 minute quadrangle in northwestern Dona Ana County, New Mexico, includes the major part of the Sierra de las Uvas. Broadly domed and faulted volcanic rocks and interbedded clastic sedimentary rocks of middle Tertiary age are unconformably overlain by late Tertiary and Quaternary clastic sedimentary rocks. Only along the eastern side of the quadrangle are older rocks exposed by uplift, westward tilting and erosion.Oldest rocks exposed in the quadrangle are the upper part of the Palm Park Formation (probably Eocene) unconformably overlain by the Bell Top Formation (Oligocene) which is subdivided into 6 ash-flow tuff units, a basalt flow, and 2 sedimentary units. Flows of Uvas Basaltic Andesite (Miocene) interfinger with the upper sedimentary member. Thickness and number of flows in the Uvas decrease radially away from the crest of the Sierra de las Uvas. The upper part of the Bell Top and the Uvas correlate with the lower half of the Thurman Formation to the northeast. Graben-fill fanglomerates and interbedded, reddish, basin-floor clastics, derived mainly from the Sierra de las Uvas, comprise the Rincon Valley Formation (Miocene? and Pliocene) which unconformably overlies the Uvas flows. The Rincon Valley Formation is, in turn, unconformably overlain by the Camp Rice Formation (Pleistocene). The Camp Rice is composed of fanglomerates, piedmont gravels, and finer basin facies, that overlap or grade in adjacent areas to fluvial sandstones deposited by the ancestral Rio Grande.Several source areas for the Uvas Basaltic Andesite occurring in the quadrangle are located in complex, faulted grabens axial to the Sierra de las Uvas Dome. Source areas for several members of the Bell Top were probably in the Cedar Hills, southeast of the quadrangle. Late Tertiary faulting uplifted the Sierra de las Uvas range and resulted in tilting of the Uvas Dome to the northwest.
Geology of the Knight Peak area, Grant County, New Mexico
Authors: Ballman Donald L. 
Published: March 2023

Precambrian granite, intruded by dikes of Precambrian diabase, is present on the northeast and southwest sides of the Knight Peak area. Outliers of Cambrian-Ordovician Bliss Sandstone and Ordovician El Paso Limestone, of approximately the same thickness as these same units elsewhere in the Silver City region, suggest that the uplift of the Big Burro Mountains did not begin in Precambrian time.An arkose, possibly of the Lobo Formation of Cretaceous age, is present locally above the Precambrian granite.Tertiary volcanic rocks, consisting of a lower rhyolitic series of lavas, tuffs, and agglomerate, early andesitic lava and tuff, and middle rhyolitic breccias, lava, and tuffs, accumulated to a thickness of over 5,000 ft Andesite was intruded locally along minor faults. Two large perlite bodies are among the early rhyolitic rocks.Erosion in nearby areas furnished detritus for the lower beds of Gila conglomerate. Faulting along the Taylor fault on the northeast side of the area began at this time. Continued downward movement along this fault produced a basin in which the upper beds of the Gila accumulated. Greater displacement in the northern half of the area produced hinge faulting along the Malone fault, which bounds the northern half of the area on the west.Several phases of late volcanic activity in Quaternary time produced rhyolitic cones and intrusive bodies, dacite lava, and andesitic lava and tuff, which overlie the tilted rocks of the Knight Peak area with an angular unconformity. Later Quaternary events include the deposition of high-level gravels, pediment gravel, and alluvium. Dissection of the mountains and some crossfaulting continue to the present.
Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata of southwestern and south-central New Mexico
Authors: Kottlowski F. E. 
Published: March 2023

Paleozoic strata, totaling 8000 to 11,000 feet in thickness for relatively complete sections, consist of the Cambrian and Ordovician Bliss Sandstone which thins depositionally northward; the Ordovician El Paso Limestone and Montoya Dolomite; the Silurian Fusselman Dolomite; argillaceous Devonian rocks; crinoidal Mississippian limestones; a thin to thick Pennsylvanian sequence; and thick, largely marine Permian strata with basal beds marked by a southward transition from red beds into limestones. Pre-Pennsylvanian units thin northward chiefly because of various erosional episodes but are thick in southern New Mexico. More than 3000 feet of Pennsylvanian beds were deposited west of the Pedernal landmass in north-south-trending basins such as the Orogrande and Pedregosa. Reefoidal masses locally characterize the Ordovician, Mississippian, Pennsylvanian, and Permian limestones.The early Mesozoic was a time of uplift and erosion which accelerated during the Early Cretaceous when all Paleozoic rocks were stripped from the Burro uplift in western Grant County and all the upper Permian beds removed throughout large areas of southwestern New Mexico.Early Cretaceous rocks are 7000 to 20,000 feet thick in the southwestern part of New Mexico and consist of red beds, shoreline sandstones, nearshore conglomerates, fossiliferous biohermal limestones, and volcanic detritus. The northernmost shoreline of this Early Cretaceous sea may have paralleled an east-southeast-trending line from Silver City toward the Cornudas Mountains. Late Cretaceous sediments, the Da- kota(?) Sandstone, Mancos Shale, and Mesaverde Formation, are about 2000 feet thick and rest on middle Permian beds or on a northwardtapering edge of Early Cretaceous strata. The dark Mancos Shales of south-central New Mexico grade southward into the shaly Eagle Ford sandstones near El Paso. Thick sections of latest Cretaceous rocks near Steeple Rock and near Elephant Butte Dam are mainly of conglomeratic volcanic sediments. Erosion during Tertiary time locally removed the Cretaceous strata and cut down to lower Permian beds.