bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface properties and initial bacterial biofilm growth on 3D-printed oral appliances: a comparative in vitro study
Authors: Wuersching Sabina Noreen , Westphal David , Stawarczyk Bogna , Edelhoff Daniel , Kollmuss Maximilian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the initial bacterial adhesion on 3D-printed splint materials in relation to their surface properties.

Materials and methods
Specimens of five printable splint resins (SHERAprint-ortho plus UV, NextDent Ortho Rigid, LuxaPrint Ortho Plus, V-Print Splint, KeySplint Soft), one polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) block for subtractive manufacturing (Astron CLEARsplint Disc), two conventional powder/liquid PMMA materials (FuturaGen, Astron CLEARsplint), and one polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) thermoplastic sheet for vacuum forming (Erkodur Thermoforming Foil) were produced and finished. Surface roughness Ra was determined via contact profilometry. Surface morphology was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Multi-species bacterial biofilms were grown on entire splints. Total biofilm mass and viable bacterial counts (CFU/ml) within the biofilms were determined. Statistical analyses were performed with a one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post hoc test, and Pearson’s test (p < 0.05).

Results
Astron CLEARsplint and KeySplint Soft specimens showed the highest surface roughness. The mean total biofilm mass on KeySplint Soft splints was higher compared to all other materials (p < 0.05). Colony-forming unit per milliliter on FuturaGen, Astron CLEARsplint, and KeySplint Soft splints was one log scale higher compared to all other materials. The other four printable resins displayed overall lower Ra, biofilm mass, and CFU/ml. A positive correlation was found between Ra and CFU/ml (r = 0.69, p = 0.04).

Conclusions
The 3D-printed splints showed overall favorable results regarding surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. Thermoplastic materials seem to display a higher surface roughness, making them more susceptible to microbial adhesion.

Clinical relevance
The development of caries and gingivitis in patients with oral appliances may be affected by the type of material.
Large floodplain river restoration in New Zealand: synthesis and critical evaluation to inform restoration planning and research
Authors: Abell Jonathan M. , Pingram Michael A. , Özkundakci Deniz , David Bruno O. , Scarsbrook Mike , Wilding Thomas , Williams Alicia , Noble Matt , Brasington James , Perrie Alton 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNew Zealand (NZ) has a diversity of large river ecosystems that provide essential ecosystem services but are impaired by multiple ecological impacts. River restoration is an active field worldwide and there is good potential for river restoration practitioners in NZ to draw on lessons from elsewhere, although there is also a need to tailor approaches to national and local contexts. Here, we provide a critical review of large floodplain river restoration to guide environmental management in NZ and inform research and management priorities. The review is structured using a driver-pressure-state-impact-response framework, with a focus on responses, i.e. large river restoration methods. Thirty-one river restoration methods aligned with 14 broad restoration goals were evaluated collaboratively and semi-quantitatively. Evaluation outcomes are presented to inform regional and national scale restoration planning. Recommendations were identified to address eight key knowledge or policy gaps: (1) understanding cumulative impacts facing large river systems, (2) prioritising restoration measures at the landscape-scale, (3) promoting lateral connectivity in large river floodplains, (4) incorporating knowledge of geomorphology into river management, (5) enhancing understanding of cultural priorities and community aspirations, (6) assessing how costs and benefits of river restoration vary among timescales, (7) understanding the feasibility of restoration methods that have received limited application in NZ and (8) improving protection of threatened native fish species.
Onion (Allium cepa) improves Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) resistance to saprolegniasis (Saprolegnia parasitica) and reduces immunosuppressive effects of cadmium
Authors: Elgendy Mamdouh Y. , Ali Shimaa E. , Abdelsalam Mohamed , Abd El-Aziz Tamer H. , Abo-Aziza Faten , Osman Hussien A. , Authman Mohammad M. N. , Abbas Wafaa T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study investigated the protective effects of dietary Allium cepa against Saprolegnia parasitica infections and the amelioration of cadmium-induced immunosuppression in Oreochromis niloticus. Saprolegnia isolates were recovered during an outbreak of saprolegniasis in farmed O. niloticus raised in a poor aquatic environment. Isolates were identified phenotypically as S. parasitica. Results were confirmed further by ITS gene sequencing. Four fish groups were kept in water with cadmium (1.5 mg/L) and fed for 30 days on a diet supplemented with crude or alcoholic extracts of A. cepa using two concentrations (0.5% or 1%). Positive (with Cd) and negative (without Cd) control fish groups were given the basal diet. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd in tilapia was (15.1 mg/L Cd). Fish exposed to Cd showed poor growth performance parameters, abnormal biochemical measurements, impaired immunological responses, and high oxidative stress indicators. Feeding tilapia on A. cepa-supplemented diets enhanced their growth performance (WG, SGR) and improved the nonspecific immune responses (WBCs, total protein, globulins, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, and antiproteases). The inclusion of A. cepa in the diets reduced the oxidative stress (GST, SOD) and significantly decreased fish mortality after the challenge with S. parasitica. Dietary supplementation with A. cepa reduced cadmium accumulation in fish organs and up-regulated IL-1β and IFNɣ levels. The most favorable benefits were obtained by the addition of 0.5% A. cepa extract. Our results highlight the immunostimulatory properties of A. cepa dietary supplementation for farmed tilapia and recommend its use prophylactically to control saprolegniasis and mitigate cadmium adverse effects.
Argumentation and Identity: A Normative Evaluation of the Arguments of Delegates to the COP26 UN Climate Change Conference
Authors: Hinton Martin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractArguments may sometimes be advanced with a non-standard function. One such function, it is suggested, is the expression of identity, a practice which may play a significant role in political representation. This paper sets out to examine a number of short addresses given at the High-Level segment of the Cop26 conference, which are considered to contain instances of such argumentation. Their content is analysed and evaluated by means of the Comprehensive Assessment Procedure for Natural Argumentation (CAPNA), and an attempt is made to highlight the purposes of the delegates in addressing the conference. At a more fundamental level, the goal of this work is to assess the possibility of identifying arguments as being meant largely as statements of identity or representation, and the suitability of the CAPNA or other norm-based systems for evaluating such discourse. The speakers studied include representatives from OPEC, the Trade Unions, and the leaders of Vietnam and Liechtenstein. Ultimately, the study concludes that while further work is necessary both on understanding the relationship between argument and identity in the political arena, and on the application of argument norms to representational discourse, evaluations of this kind are meaningful and informative.
Cellulose-based films with internal plasticization with epoxidized soybean oil
Authors: Rebelo Rafael C. , Ribeiro Diana C. M. , Pereira Patrícia , De Bon Francesco , Coelho Jorge F. J. , Serra Arménio C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA process was developed combining two natural-based products to obtain bio-based films. Industrial cellulose pulp was dissolved and mixed with epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), which acts as an internal plasticizer. A distillable and recyclable ionic liquid-based solvent was used to dissolve the cellulose. Appropriate distribution of the cellulose/ESBO solution on glass surfaces and careful regeneration of the cellulose enabled the development of solvent-free and flexible cellulose films. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of the triglyceride structure and the absence of the epoxide ring in the films, confirming the chemical reaction between the hydroxyl and epoxide groups of cellulose. The resulting films were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and mechanical tensile tests. The films were also evaluated by contact angle measurement, swelling ability, in vitro degradability and cytotoxicity. The results showed that the presence of ESBO can adjust both the flexibility and hydrophilicity of the cellulose films, resulting in materials suitable for a variety of applications.
Comparative study for leaching processes of uranium, copper and cadmium from gibbsite ore material of Talet Seleim, Southwestern, Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Kassab Walaa A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn this paper, leaching characteristics are presented, and a cost-effective process for extracting uranium, copper, and cadmium from Talet Seleim’s Gibbsite is developed. H2SO4 was chosen as the preferable leaching agent based on the agitation experiment’s findings. The leaching efficiencies of U, Cu, and Cd attained 95%, 90%, and 89%, respectively, under the investigated ideal circumstances. Kinetic study of leaching process proved diffusion controlling mechanisms with activation energies: 29.59, 29.30, and 34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. U was recovered using Amberlite IRA 400, while Cu and Cd were precipitated from Talet Seleim’s gibbsite’s sulphate leachate. Finally, the tentative treatment procedure's preliminary flowsheet was then given.
Magnetic cork particles as reinforcement in an epoxy resin: effect of size and amount on thermal properties
Authors: Abenojar J. , Lopez de Armentia S. , Barbosa A. Q. , Martinez M. A. , del Real J. C. , da Silva L. F. M. , Velasco F. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractNatural brightness of epoxy adhesives can be reduced by adding cork. Besides, when cork was magnetized, it was possible to move them depending on the properties required in each section of the adhesive bond (PAT354/2019). The main objective of this work was to study possible changes in the thermal properties of the adhesive due to the addition of magnetic cork particles. If changes were significant, the use of magnetic cork particles would be compromised. To this end, natural cork particles and magnetic cork particles, with two different particle size (53–38 and 250–125 μm) and percentage (1 and 5 v/v%), were compared as reinforcement material. Magnetic cork was obtained by co-precipitated coating, according to patent number WO2019025651. The thermal properties studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry were activation energy of curing reaction, glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal conductivity. Two different hardeners were studied and a factorial design (2k with k = 4) was carried out. It allowed to determine which variable or combination of variables had most impact on thermal properties. Results showed that the main parameter affecting thermal properties was the hardener, regardless of the kind of particle used. However, the presence of magnetic cork highlights further the differences found between hardeners. The conclusion of this study was that magnetic cork particles can be used as fillers in epoxy resin to make graded joints, since they do not affect the thermal properties of the resin.
Graphical abstract
Scaling of classification systems—effects of class precision on detection accuracy from medium resolution multispectral data
Authors: Gann Daniel , Richards Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Context
Land-cover class definitions are scale-dependent. Up-scaling categorical data must account for that dependence, but most decision rules aggregating categorical data do not produce scale-specific class definitions. However, non-hierarchical, empirically derived classification systems common in phytosociology define scale-specific classes using species co-occurrence patterns.

Objectives
Evaluate tradeoffs in class precision and representativeness when up-scaling categorical data across natural landscapes using the multi-dimensional grid-point (MDGP)-scaling algorithm, which generates scale-specific class definitions; and compare spectral detection accuracy of MDGP-scaled classes to ‘majority-rule’ aggregated classes.

Methods
Vegetation maps created from 2-m resolution WorldView-2 data for two Everglades wetland areas were scaled to the 30-m Landsat grid with the MDGP-scaling algorithm. A full-factorial analysis evaluated the effects of scaled class-label precision and class representativeness on compositional information loss and detection accuracy of scaled classes from multispectral Landsat data.

Results
MDGP‐scaling retained between 3.8 and 27.9% more compositional information than the majority rule as class-label precision increased. Increasing class-label precision and information retention also increased spectral class detection accuracy from Landsat data between 1 and 8.6%. Rare class removal and increase in class-label similarity were controlled by the class representativeness threshold, leading to higher detection accuracy than the majority rule as class representativeness increased.

Conclusions
When up-scaling categorical data across natural landscapes, negotiating trade-offs in thematic precision, landscape-scale class representativeness and increased information retention in the scaled map results in greater class-detection accuracy from lower-resolution, multispectral, remotely sensed data. MDGP-scaling provides a framework to weigh tradeoffs and to make informed decisions on parameter selection.
Deterioration of visual quality and acuity as the first sign of ceroid lipofuscinosis type 3 (CLN3), a rare neurometabolic disease
Authors: Purzycka-Olewiecka Joanna Karolina , Hetmańczyk-Sawicka Katarzyna , Kmieć Tomasz , Szczęśniak Dominika , Trubicka Joanna , Krawczyński Maciej , Pronicki Maciej , Ługowska Agnieszka 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Ceroid lipofuscinosis type 3 (CLN3) is an autosomal recessive, neurodegenerative metabolic disease. Typical clinical symptoms include progressive visual loss, epilepsy of unknown etiology and dementia. Presence of lipofuscin deposits with typical pattern of ‘fingerprints’ and vacuolized lymphocytes suggest the diagnosis of CLN3. Cause of CLN3 are mutations in the CLN3 gene, among which the most frequently found is the large deletion 1.02 kb spreading on exons 7 and 8. We present 4 patients from 2 families, in whom the deterioration of visual quality and acuity was observed as first clinical sign, when they were a few years old and it was successively accompanied by symptoms of neurologic deterioration (like generalized convulsions with consciousness impairment). In all patients the 1.02 kb deletion in the CLN3 gene was detected in homo- or heterozygosity with other CLN3 pathogenic variant. Ultrastructural studies revealed abnormal structures corresponding to ‘fingerprint’ profiles (FPPs) in conjunctival endothelial cells. It should be emphasized that in patients with blindness of unknown cause the diagnosis of ceroid lipofuscinosis should be considered and in older children—especially CLN3. The facility of the analysis for the presence of 1.02 kb deletion and economic costs are a solid argument for intensive use of this test in the diagnostic procedure of CLN3.
FDG–PET findings associated with various medical procedures and treatments
Authors: Okuyama Chio , Higashi Tatsuya , Ishizu Koichi , Saga Tsuneo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-established modality with high sensitivity for the diagnosis and staging of oncologic patients. FDG is taken up by the glucose transporter of the cell membrane and becomes trapped within the cell. In addition to malignant neoplasms, active inflammatory lesions and some kinds of benign tumors also accumulate FDG. Moreover, the degree of uptake into normal organs and tissues depends on various physiological conditions, which is affected by various medical procedures, treatments, and drugs. To avoid misleading interpretations, it is important to recognize possible situations of unexpected abnormal accumulation that mimic tumor lesions. In this review, we present various FDG findings associated with surgical or medical procedures and treatments. Some findings reflect the expected physiological reaction to treatment, and some show inflammation due to prior procedures. Occasionally, FDG–PET visualizes other disorders that are unrelated to the malignancy, which may be associated with the adverse effects of certain drugs that the patient is taking. Careful review of medical records and detailed interviews of patients are thus necessary.
Combined time-restricted feeding and cisplatin enhance the anti-tumor effects in cisplatin-resistant and -sensitive lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Jianling , Chen Qianyao , Shi Dan , Lian Xuemei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCombination therapy as an important treatment option for lung cancer has been attracting attention due to the primary and acquired resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs in the clinical application. In the present study, as a new therapy strategy, concomitant treatment with time-restricted feeding (TRF) plus cisplatin (DDP) on lung cancer growth was investigated in DDP-resistant and DDP-sensitive lung cancer cells. We first found that TRF significantly enhanced the drug susceptibility of DDP in DDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cell line, illustrated by reversing the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values of A549/DDP cells to normal level of parental A549 cells. We also found that TRF markedly enhanced DDP inhibition on cell proliferation, migration, as well as promoted apoptosis compared to the DDP alone group in A549, H460 and A549/DDP cells lines. We further revealed that the synergistic anti-tumor effect of combined DDP and TRF was greater than that of combined DDP and simulated fasting condition (STS), a known anti-tumor cellular medium. Moreover, mRNA sequence analysis from A549/DDP cell line demonstrated the synergistic anti-tumor effect involved in upregulated pathways in p53 signaling pathway and apoptosis. Notably, compared with the DDP alone group, combination of TRF and DDP robustly upregulated the P53 protein expression without mRNA level change by regulating its stability via promoting protein synthesis and inhibiting degradation, revealed by cycloheximide and MG132 experiments. Collectively, our results suggested that TRF in combination with cisplatin might be an additional novel therapeutic strategy for patients with lung cancer.
Mindshaping and Non-Gricean Approaches to Language Evolution
Authors: Vierkant Tillmann 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Orthodoxy has it that language evolution requires Gricean communicative intentions and therefore an understanding of nested metarepresentations. The problem with this orthodoxy is that it is hard to see how non-linguistic creatures could have such a sophisticated understanding of mentality. Some philosophers like Bar-On (The Journal of Philosophy 110 (6): 293-330, 2013a; Mind and Language 28 (3): 342-375, 2013b) have attempted to develop a non-Gricean account of language acquisition building on the information-rich and subtle communicative powers of expressive behaviours. This paper argues that this approach shares a number of instructive similarities with the literature on the cognitive conception of language. It shows how expressive accounts (and others) can learn from insights in that tradition and identifies a problem with the role of intentional actions in expressive accounts that can be solved by understanding expressive behaviours more as cognitive rather than communicative tools.
Sexual Risk Behavior, Sexism, and Prejudices Towards Sexual Openness, Homosexuality, and Trans Individuals Among Young People in Spain and the UK
Authors: Alonso-Martínez Laura , Forrest Simon , Heras-Sevilla Davinia , Hönekopp Johannes , Fernández-Hawrylak María 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Introduction
Sexism, lack of sexual freedom, and negative attitudes towards minorities are related to risky and discriminatory sexual behaviors. To date, no cross-cultural comparisons have been made regarding these sexual behaviors and attitudes. The study also explores the sexuality competencies of young adults undertaking vocational courses in higher education before their transition to professional practice.

Methods
The sample comprised 1235 university students (670 Spanish and 565 British) aged between 18 and 52 years (M = 22.06, SD = 4.38). During the years 2020 and 2021, respondents completed a survey structured in six standardized scales (HPSC, DSS, SOS, HATH, EANT, and TIBS).

Results
Results report that British students show less gender adherence (DSS) while the Spanish ones show more positive attitudes towards trans individuals (EANT) and pleasure (SOS). These findings indicate that students in this research engage in more sexual risk behaviors (HPSC), display similar rigid gender adherences (DSS), and more positive erotophilic (SOS), homophilic (HATH), and trans-friendly attitudes (EANT and TIBS) than those in previous studies. There were, however, significant differences by gender, religion, and program of study.

Conclusions
The research demonstrates the relevance of measuring cultural factors related to sexual behaviors and attitudes in youth and reflects a lack of attention to these issues in educational and healthcare settings. This is despite its broad impact on people’s health, as young people are more likely to display increased risky sexual behaviors.

Policy Implications
These findings emphasize the importance of the development of updated strategies in sex education among young people. The added importance of doing so with students in higher education who are likely to enter professions where they will educate or influence others on these matters is identified.
The influencing mechanism of O2, H2O, and CO2 on the H2S removal of food waste digestate-derived biochar with abundant minerals
Authors: Huang Dandan , Wang Ning , Bai Xinyue , Chen Yuke , Xu Qiyong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal has been a significant concern in various industries. In this study, food waste digestate-derived biochar (DFW-BC), a by-product of food waste treatment with abundant minerals, was assessed for removing H2S from different simulated biogas containing oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and under different moisture (H2O) contents (0% and 20%) of biochar. The influencing mechanisms of the gas conditions combined with the moisture contents were also investigated. The results showed an H2S removal of 1.75 mg g−1 for dry biochar under pure H2S, 4.29 mg g−1 for dry biochar under H2S + O2, 5.29 mg g−1 for humid biochar under H2S, and 12.50 mg g−1 for humid biochar under H2S + O2. For dry DFW-BC, the high Fe content was responsible for the O2 enhancement. In contrast, O2 + H2O activated the catalytic H2S oxidation of the less reactive minerals (mainly Ca). The inhibition of CO2 on H2S adsorption was not obvious for dry DFW-BC; the specific pore structure may have provided a buffer against the physisorption competition of CO2. However, when H2O was present on DFW-BC, the changes in critical biochar properties and sulfur speciation as opposed to that without H2O implied an evident occurrence of CO2 chemisorption. This CO2 chemisorption partially hindered O2 + H2O enhancement, decreasing the H2S removal capacity from 12.50 to 8.88 mg g−1. The negative effect was ascribed to mineral carbonation of CO2, neutralizing the alkaline surface and immobilizing metal oxides, which thus reduced the acceleration in H2S dissociation and activation in catalytic H2S oxidation by O2 + H2O.
Graphical Abstract