bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taming the exoscope: a one-year prospective laboratory training study
Authors: Silva João M. , Rustemi Oriela , Vezirska Donika Ivova , Niemelä Mika , Lehecka Martin , Hafez Ahmad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Digital 3D exoscopes have been recently introduced as an alternative to a surgical microscope in microneurosurgery. We designed a laboratory training program to facilitate and measure the transition from microscope to exoscope. Our aim was to observe the effect of a one-year active training on microsurgical skills with the exoscope by repeating a standardized test task at several time points during the training program.

Methods
Two board-certified neurosurgeons with no previous exoscope experience performed the same test tasks in February, July, and November during a 12-month period. In between the test tasks, both participants worked with the exoscope in the laboratory and assisted during clinical surgeries on daily basis. Each of the test segments consisted of repeating the same task 10 times during one week. Altogether, 60 test tasks were performed, 30 each. The test task consisted of dissecting and harvesting the ulnar and radial arteries of the second segment of a chicken wing using an exoscope (Aesculap AEOS). Each dissection was recorded on video and analyzed by two independent evaluators. We measured the time required to complete the task as well as several metrics for evaluating the manual skills of the dissection and handling of the exoscope system.

Result
There was a clear reduction in dissection time between the first and the last session, mean 34 min (SD 5.96) vs. 26 min (SD 8.69), respectively. At the end of the training, both neurosurgeons used the exoscope more efficiently utilizing more available options of the device. There was correlation between the dissection time and several of the factors we used for evaluating the work flow: staying in focus, zoom control, reduction of unnecessary movements or repetitive manual motions, manipulation technique of the vessel under dissection, handling of the instruments, and using them for multiple dissection purposes (stretching, cutting, and splitting).

Conclusion
Continuous, dedicated long-term training program is effective for microsurgical skill development when switching from a microscope to an exoscope. With practice, the micromotor movements become more efficient and the use of microinstruments more versatile.
Evaluation of snow depth from multiple observation-based, reanalysis, and regional climate model datasets over a low-altitude Central European region
Authors: Varga Ákos János , Breuer Hajnalka 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates snow depth (SD) from several data sources: a combined satellite-based and in situ snow water equivalent product from the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS), a dataset constructed from temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity using a snow model (CARPATCLIM), two state-of-the-art reanalyses by ECMWF (ERA5 and ERA5-Land), and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate simulations at grid spacings of 50 km and 10 km. SD observations from weather stations are used as a reference for the pointwise comparison. The study area covers the Pannonian Basin region (part of Central and Eastern Europe). Results are presented for the 2006–2010 and 1985–2010 periods. All datasets adequately reproduce the average day-to-day variation of SD but with different error magnitudes. The ERA5 reanalysis and the CGLS product represent SD remarkably well, with correlation coefficients above 0.9 and mean errors close to zero. On the other hand, ERA5-Land and CARPATCLIM overestimate daily mean SD by 2–3 cm for some stations and display lower correlations (0.7–0.9) during the 26-year time span. The WRF simulations significantly overestimate SD in the melting period (February–March). Reduction of the grid spacing from 50 to 10 km does not improve the results. The excessive snow cover might negatively impact land–atmosphere interactions in the model and lead to biases like temperature underestimation found in previous regional climate model evaluation studies. The results indicate that even in regions where snow is not a major climatic factor, SD errors can be substantial and should be considered in model evaluation and adaptation. Over the Carpathian Mountain ranges, SD from the different data sources diverges to the extent that the sign of the monthly mean model bias changes depending on the choice of the reference dataset.
Water extracts of Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris enhance tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) tolerance against saline water irrigation
Authors: Mostafa Maryam M. , Hammad Doaa M. , Reda Marwa M. , El-Sayed Abo El-Khair B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe research aimed to examine the enhancement effect of Spirulina platensis (blue-green microalga or Cyanobacterium) and Chlorella vulgaris (green microalga) water extracts as biological stimulant in improving growth parameters, chlorophyll content, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants under salinity stress. Tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum L. of cv. Agyad) were soaked in three microalgae water extracts at a 10% concentration (Chlorella vulgaris, Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella:Spirulina at a ratio of 1:1). Chemical and biochemical analyses for the used materials and products were achieved. After germination, tomato transplants were irrigated with saline water at three levels of saline water (2, 4, and 7 dS/m) using sea salt. Successive grown tomato transplant at 7.0 dS/cm were infused in clayey soil. The grown plants were preyed by algal extract and irrigated by the same solution. Vegetative growth, yield, shelf life, and chlorophylls (a and b) were determined. It was found that the highest vegetative growth, yield, and chlorophyll content were measured in tomato transplants with the Spirulina:Chlorella mixture, followed by Spirulina platensis and Chlorella vulgaris water extracts; all of these measurements increased significantly in response to microalgae treatments. Experimental tomato fruits of Chlorella and mixture treatments can stay for 45 days at room temperature. Both algal extracts and their mixture enhanced the bioaccumulation of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu), compared with the control, while Chlorella extract surpassed Spirulina and mixture extracts. Concerning the used dried algae and their water extract, Spirulina platensis surpasses Chlorella vulgaris for protein and ash content.
“Heads Up” for Creatine Supplementation and its Potential Applications for Brain Health and Function
Authors: Candow Darren G. , Forbes Scott C. , Ostojic Sergej M. , Prokopidis Konstantinos , Stock Matt S. , Harmon Kylie K. , Faulkner Paul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is emerging interest regarding the potential beneficial effects of creatine supplementation on indices of brain health and function. Creatine supplementation can increase brain creatine stores, which may help explain some of the positive effects on measures of cognition and memory, especially in aging adults or during times of metabolic stress (i.e., sleep deprivation). Furthermore, creatine has shown promise for improving health outcome measures associated with muscular dystrophy, traumatic brain injury (including concussions in children), depression, and anxiety. However, whether any sex- or age-related differences exist in regard to creatine and indices of brain health and function is relatively unknown. The purpose of this narrative review is to: (1) provide an up-to-date summary and discussion of the current body of research focusing on creatine and indices of brain health and function and (2) discuss possible sex- and age-related differences in response to creatine supplementation on brain bioenergetics, measures of brain health and function, and neurological diseases.
Simulation of a Subjected Rigid Body Motion to an External Force and Moment
Authors: Amer Asmaa , Amer T. S. , Galal A. A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
This work intends to investigate the rigid body’s motion around a specific fixed point (analogous to Lagrange’s scenario) in the presence of a gyrostatic moment (GM) besides the attraction of a Newtonian force field (NFF). This task is carried out by presuming that the body is quickly rotating about one of the major or minor principal axes of the inertia ellipsoid.

Method
The controlling system of six nonlinear differential equations (DEs) along with three first integrals is boiled down to an appropriate system of two DEs in addition to only one integral. Therefore, the analytic solutions of this system are obtained utilizing the approach of Poincaré small parameter (APSP).

Results
Euler's angles for the motion under investigation are derived to assess this motion at any instant of time. Additionally, phase plane graphs are displayed using computer codes to depict the stability behavior of the dynamical motion at any time.

Conclusion
These achieved outcomes are thought of as a generalization of the ones that were found in some of previous works, in the absence of all applied forces and moments. This work presents a distinctive contribution in several crucial areas, particularly in engineering applications that have used the gyroscopic theory to determine the orientation and maintain the stability of various vehicles, such as spaceships, airplanes, submarines, and racing cars.
Ocean literacy in Brazilian formal education: A tool for participative coastal management
Authors: Pazoto Carmen Edith , Duarte Michelle Rezende , Silva Edson Pereira 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOcean literacy (OL) proposes to include ocean and marine environment-related content in school curricula. Such a topic has been deemed effective for citizens to develop actions and attitudes towards the health of marine ecosystems. This study aimed to verify the presence and frequency of OL principles and concepts in the Brazilian high school curriculum at the federal (National Curricular Parameters-PCN) and regional (Rio de Janeiro - Curricular Reference-RC) levels. Both PCN and RC contained OL-related content. Moreover, Biology and Geography were the subjects with the highest numbers of OL concepts, both in the PCN (26 and 27, respectively) and in the RC-RJ documents (28 and 24, respectively), while OL concepts were very little represented in History subject. A Mann–Whitney U-test did not indicate statistically significant differences in the number of concepts between PCN and RC-RJ (p = 0.54). A principal component analysis discriminated the documents according to subjects, regardless of their origin (federal or regional). These results provide an unbiased assessment of the relationship between the curriculum and OL in a strongly affected area (Rio de Janeiro State coastal zone [CZ]). Therefore, these results provide valuable support for managers seeking to promote effective CZ management practices and public compliance.
Effects of antifreeze protein fromLolium perenneL. (LpAFP) in the vitrification ofin vitro-produced bovine embryos
Authors: Silva Júnior R.A. , Desenzi R. , Ramires M.M.S. , Souza A.F. , Donato M.A.M. , Peixoto C.A. , Nascimento T. , Bartolomeu C.C. , Batista A.M. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryIn the present study, the cryoprotective effects ofLolium perenneantifreeze protein (LpAFP) on the vitrification of bovine embryos were evaluated.In vitro-produced blastocysts were divided into two groups: the control group (CG) without the addition ofLpAFP and the treatment group (TG) with the addition of 500 ng/ml ofLpAFP in the equilibrium and vitrification solution. Vitrification was carried out by transferring the blastocysts to the equilibrium solution [7.5% ethylene glycol (EG) and 7.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] for 2 min and then to the vitrification solution (15% EG, 15% DMSO and 0.5M sucrose). The blastocysts were deposited on a cryotop device and submerged in liquid nitrogen. Warming was carried out in three steps in solutions with different sucrose concentrations (1.0, 0.5, and 0.0 M, respectively). Embryos were evaluated for re-expansion/hatching, the total cell count, and ultrastructural analysis. There was no significant difference in the re-expansion rate 24 h after warming; however, there was variation (P< 0.05) in the hatching rate in the TG and the total number of cells 24 h after warming was higher in the TG (114.87 ± 7.24) when compared with the CG (91.81 ± 4.94). The ultrastructural analysis showed changes in organelles related to the vitrification process but, in the TG, there was less damage to mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum compared with the CG. In conclusion, the addition of 500 ng/ml ofLpAFP during the vitrification ofin vitro-produced bovine embryos improved the hatching rate and total cell number of blastocysts after warming and mitigated intracellular damage.
Food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Authors: Singh Kelsall Tyson , DeBeck Kora , Grant Cameron , Gorbach Pamina , Milloy M-J , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:To examine prevalence and factors associated with food insecurity among people who use drugs (PWUD) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the overdose crisis.Design:This cross-sectional study employs multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with self-reported food insecurity.Participants:PWUD who are part of three community-recruited cohorts.Setting:Interviews conducted in Vancouver, Canada, via phone between July and November 2020 in adherence to COVID-19 safety procedures.Results:Among 765 participants, including 433 (56·6 %) men, eligible for this study, 146 (19·1 %; 95 % CI: 16·3 %, 21·9 %) reported food insecurity in the past month. Of the participants reporting food insecurity, 114 (78·1 %) reported that their hunger levels had increased since the beginning of the pandemic. In multivariable analyses, factors independently and positively associated with food insecurity included: difficulty accessing health or social services (adjusted OR (AOR) = 2·59; 95 % CI: 1·60, 4·17); having mobility difficulties (AOR = 1·59; 95 % CI: 1·02, 2·45) and engaging in street-based income generation (e.g. panhandling and informal recycling) (AOR = 2·31; 95 % CI: 1·45, 3·65).Conclusion:Approximately one in five PWUD reported food insecurity during this time. PWUD with mobility issues, who experienced difficulty accessing services and/or those engaged in precarious street-based income generation were more likely to report food insecurity. Food security is paramount to the success of interventions to prevent COVID-19 and drug toxicity deaths. These findings suggest a need for a more unified state response to food insecurity that prioritises and incorporates accessibility and autonomy of the communities they serve.
Physical activity service provision in hospice care: A national mixed-methods study
Authors: Burke Shaunna , Hopkins Natalie , Divine Alison , Ebenso Bassey , Allsop Matthew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) interventions help people with advanced incurable diseases to manage symptoms and improve their quality of life. However, little is known about the extent to which PA is currently delivered in hospice care in England.ObjectivesTo determine the extent of and intervention features of PA service provision in hospice care in England alongside barriers and facilitators to their delivery.MethodsAn embedded mixed-methods design using (1) a nationwide online survey of 70 adult hospices in England and (2) focus groups and individual interviews with health professionals from 18 hospices. Analysis of the data involved applying descriptive statistics to the numeric items and thematic analysis to the open-ended questions. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed separately.ResultsThe majority of responding hospices (n = 47/70, 67%) promoted PA in routine care. Sessions were most often delivered by a physiotherapist (n = 40/47, 85%) using a personalized approach (n = 41/47, 87%) and included resistance/thera bands, Tai Chi/Chi Qong, circuit exercises, and yoga. The following qualitative findings were revealed: (1) variation among hospices in their capacity to deliver PA, (2) a desire to embed a hospice culture of PA, and (3) a need for an organizational commitment to PA service provision.Significance of resultsWhile many hospices in England deliver PA, there is considerable variation in its delivery across sites. Funding and policy action may be needed to support hospices to initiate or scale up services and address inequity in access to high-quality interventions.
Between a republican and aBengaleestate: Confronting exclusionary constitutionalism in Bangladesh
Authors: Sayeed M A , Aktar Lima 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe constitutional design of Bangladesh is characterized by an ambivalent choice: it aspires to establish a republican yet aBengaleestate by putting itself in the conflicting terrain within thedemos–ethnosbinary. This article aims to examine the implication of this problematic choice along all three axes of the constitution’s elemental parts: its identity, rights and structure. While the identity element of the Bangladesh Constitution embodies the ethno-nationalist vision of theBengaleestate that transformsdemosintoethnos, its rights and structural aspects reflect its republican promise to transformethnosintodemos.Contemporary scholarship seeks to confront the exclusionary dimension of the ethno-nationalistic choice in Bangladesh but ends up acceptingethnosas a politically superior value. Such an approach brings us to the politics of difference and, with that, undermines the integrationist potential of the republican constitution. In response, this article defends the republican promise of the Bangladesh Constitution while arguing that what we need in Bangladesh is the ‘de-ethnicization’ of the republic, one that can be achieved by transformingethnosintodemosand not the other way around.
Subdaily Slow Fault Slip Dynamics Captured by Low‐Frequency Earthquakes
Authors: Mouchon Caroline , Frank William B. , Radiguet Mathilde , Poli Piero , Cotte Nathalie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGeodetic positioning is the geophysical record of reference for slow slip events, but typical daily solutions limit studies of the evolution of slow slip to its long‐term dynamics. Accompanying seismic low‐frequency earthquakes located precisely in time and space provide an opportunity to image slow slip dynamics at subdaily time scales. Here we show that a high‐resolution time history of low‐frequency earthquake fault slip alone can reproduce the geodetic record of slow slip that we observe to be dominated by subdaily fault slip dynamics. However, a simple linear model cannot accommodate the complex dynamics present throughout the slow slip cycle, and an analysis of different phases of the slow slip cycle shows that the ratio of geodetic to seismic fault slip varies as a function of time. This suggests that the low‐frequency earthquake source region saturates as slow slip grows in moment and area. We propose that rheological heterogeneities at the plate boundary associated with low‐frequency earthquakes do not play a significant role in the slow slip rupture process, thus implying that their activity is incidental to the driving aseismic slip.
Simulating the Effects of Regional Forest Cover and Windthrow‐Induced Cover Changes on Mid‐Latitude Boundary‐Layer Clouds
Authors: Noual G. , Brunet Y. , Le Moigne P. , Lac C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvidence has been provided that land‐cover changes such as deforestation can have an impact on cloudiness and precipitation. However, conflicting results have been obtained at different scales and places, highlighting our poor understanding of the physical processes involved. Here we focus on mesoscale summer cloudiness in a temperate region, as influenced by a large forest massif (the Landes forest in France). Our study is based on an up‐to‐date atmosphere‐surface mesoscale model (Meso‐NH coupled with SURFEX). Based on observational data, we first optimize the model configuration for our purpose, and show that with a 500 m horizontal resolution we can successfully simulate the higher summer cloud cover observed over the forest, compared to its surroundings. Second, we investigate the physical processes leading to cloud formation in a representative case study. Based on a comparative analysis of diagnostics and budgets over forest and non‐forest areas, we find that the larger sensible heat flux over the forest and its higher roughness are the main drivers of cloudiness, enhancing vertical velocity and boundary‐layer mixing. Third, we simulate the impact of the 2009 Klaus storm that led to the loss of about one third of the trees. Considering 15 representative convective summer days, we show that the model simulates well the resulting decrease in summer cloudiness that was reported in a previous study based on satellite observations. As a complementary tool, the mesoscale simulations allow to quantify the impacts of the Klaus storm windthrow on the diurnal cycle of the boundary layer.
Discovery of an OTUD3 inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Yonghui , Du Tongde , Liu Na , Wang Juan , Zhang Lingqiang , Cui Chun-Ping , Li Chaonan , Zhang Xin , Wu Bo , Zhang Jinhao , Jiang Wenli , Zhang Yubing , Zhang Yuting , Li Hongchang , Li Peiyu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) controls protein turnover, and its dysfunction contributes to human diseases including cancer. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from proteins to maintain their stability. Inhibition of DUBs could induce the degradation of selected oncoproteins and has therefore become a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer. The deubiquitylase OTUD3 was reported to promote lung tumorigenesis by stabilizing oncoprotein GRP78, implying that inhibition of OTUD3 may be a therapeutic strategy for lung cancer. Here, we report a small-molecule inhibitor of OTUD3 (named OTUDin3) by computer-aided virtual screening and biological experimental verification. OTUDin3 exhibited pronounced antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects by inhibiting deubiquitinating activity of OTUD3 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Moreover, OTUDin3 efficaciously inhibited growth of lung cancer xenografts in mice. In summary, our results support OTUDin3 as a potent inhibitor of OTUD3, the inhibition of which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.