bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Processing on the Proximate Composition, Mineral Content and the Phytochemical Analysis of Groundnut Seeds (Arachis hypogeae)
Authors: Sanni Joseph Adaviruku , Sanni Grace Omayoza , Awoniyi Rufus Ranmilowo , Osanyinlusi Remi , Richards Yvonne Ego , Adesina Goodness Inioluwa , Adenuga Ore-ofe Oluwatoyin , Apata Stella Ayomikun , Ekun Oluwafemi Emmanuel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Evaluation of the effects of processing on the proximate composition, mineral content, and phytochemical screening of Arachis hypogaea seeds were carried out using standard analytical methods. Raw, boiled and fried (Arachis hypogaea) seeds were analyzed for proximate composition, mineral contents, and phytochemical screening. The result reported that the raw, boiled, and fried contains (5.357 ± 0.190%, 4.545 ± 0.050% and 3.896 ± 0.015%, moisture contents), (2.401 ± 0.011%, 3.225 ± 0.004% and 2.816 ± 0.001%, ash contents), (46.591 ± 0.001%, 25.333 ± 0.003% and 48.012 ± 0.953%, crude fat), (4.126 ± 0.887%, 15.001 ± 0.030% and 7.692 ± 0.002%, crude fibre), (19.520 ± 0.040%, 21.580 ± 0.040% and 23.540 ± 0.000%, crude protein), (22.005 ± 0.587%, 30.316 ± 0.056% and 14.044 ± 0.939%, carbohydrate) respectively. A significant difference between the nutritional value of the raw and heat-processed samples was observed. Boiling reduces the moisture contents and crude fat. The crude protein, crude fat, and ash contents were increased in the processed samples and the carbohydrate increased with boiling when compared to the raw and fried groundnut. Processing has significant effects on the mineral components of the groundnut. The results revealed that raw, boiled and fried contains (56.900mg/100g, 48.400mg/100g and 35.00mg/100g Sodium), (0.215mg/100g, 0.185mg/100g and 0.540mg/100g Zinc), (65.500mg/100g, 42.700mg/100g and 25.500mg/100g Magnesium), (0.218mg/100g, 0.230mg/100g and 0.230mg/100g Iron), (0.250mg/100g, 0.110mg/100g and 0.100mg/100g Manganese). The phytochemical screening shows the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates and proteins in all the samples and the result reveals that processing does not really have effect on phytochemical constituents. The investigation shows that fresh groundnut is a good source of mineral content, while raw and processed groundnut is a good source of some phytochemical constituents and processed groundnut is a good source of protein, fat, and carbohydrate with high nutritional value.
Lymph node ratio and hematological parameters predict relapse-free survival in Patients With high grade rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms after radical resection: A multicenter prognostic study
Authors: Zeng Xinyu , Zhang Peng , Zhu Guangsheng , Li Chengguo , Zhang Rui , Yu Minhao , Lin Guole , Di Maojun , Jiang Congqing , Li Yong , Sun Yueming , Xia Lijian , Chi Pan , Tao Kaixiong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lymph node ratio (LNR) are reportedly related to prognosis. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical importance of the LNR and hematological parameters in patients with high grade rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (HG-RNENs) who were undergoing radical resection.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of patients with HG-RNENs from 17 large-scale medical centers in China (January 1, 2010-April 30, 2022). A nomogram was constructed by using a proportional hazard model. Bootstrap method was used to draw calibration plots to validate the reproducibility of the model. Concordance index (C-Index), decision curve analysis (DCA) and time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (TD-AUC) analysis were used to compare the prognostic predictive power of the new model with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM staging and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) TNM staging.
Results
A total of 85 patients with HG-RNENs were enrolled in this study. In patients with HG-RNENs who underwent radical resection, PNI ≤ 49.13 (HR: 3.997, 95% CI: 1.379–11.581, P = 0.011), ALP > 100.0 U/L (HR: 3.051, 95% CI: 1.011–9.205, P = 0.048), and LNR > 0.40 (HR: 6.639, 95% CI: 2.224–19.817, P = 0.0007) were independent predictors of relapse-free survival. The calibration plots suggested that the nomogram constructed based on the 3 aforementioned factors had good reproducibility. The novel nomogram revealed a C-index superior to AJCC TNM staging (0.782 vs 0.712) and ENETS TNM staging (0.782 vs 0.657). Also, the new model performed better compared to AJCC TNM staging and ENETS TNM staging in DCA and TD-AUC analysis.
Conclusions
LNR, ALP and PNI were independent prognostic factors in patients with HG-RNENs after radical resection, and the combined indicator had better predictive efficacy compared with AJCC TNM staging and ENETS TNM staging.
Implication of agricultural practices in the micro-geographic heterogeneity of malaria transmission in Bouna, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Beke Obo Armel-Hermann , Assi Serge-Brice , Kokrasset Akedjro Paul Harvey , Dibo Kacou Jean Denis , Tanoh Méa Antoine , Danho Matthias , Remoué Franck , Koudou Guibehi Benjamin , Poinsignon Anne 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Wetlands and irrigated agricultural crops create potential breeding sites for Anopheles mosquitoes, leading to a heterogeneity in malaria transmission. In agricultural areas, heterogeneity of malaria transmission is often associated with the presence of hotspots consisting of localized clusters of higher transmission intensity. This study aims to identify micro-geographic hotspots of malaria transmission in an agricultural setting using a multidisciplinary approach.
Methods
We conducted two cross-sectional surveys at the end of the dry season and at the peak of the rainy season in rural and urban sites in Bouna, northeastern Côte d'Ivoire. We randomly selected 296 individuals from 148 farming households and collected sociological, geographical, entomological, and clinical data as well as blood samples during each visit. We compared parasitological data and Anopheles exposure (measured using entomological and immunological methods) with demographic, agricultural, and geographic data to identify drivers of malaria transmission. Heat maps combining these data were used to identify households with ongoing malaria transmission throughout the year.
Results
In rural areas, Plasmodium prevalence was consistent between the dry and the rainy seasons, with roughly half of the population presented with an infection. In urban areas, malaria transmission indicators were lower, with a parasite prevalence of less than 20%, which remained comparable between the dry and the rainy season. The presence of irrigated crops and proximity to wetlands were associated with increased Anopheles exposure. By mapping Plasmodium infection and Anopheles exposure, we identified 2 different types of hotspots of malaria transmission: micro-geographical scale and local scale hotspots.
Conclusions
The presence of wetlands in urban areas and irrigated agriculture in rural areas resulted in heterogeneity in malaria transmission on a micro-geographical scale. These specific households present particular risk of malaria transmission and could fuel malaria transmission in surrounding households. The identification of micro-geographical areas using heat maps combining several epidemiological parameters can help to identify hotspots of malaria transmission. The implementation of malaria control measures, such as seasonal chemoprophylaxis or vector control, in these areas could help to reduce the incidence of malaria and facilitate its elimination.
EngAGE4Change: Co-creating outdoor community spaces with care home residents and community-dwelling older adults to improve movement behavior and reduce social isolation. - A Health CASCADE study
Authors: Zapata-Restrepo Jorge Raul , Dall Philippa , Skelton Dawn A , Paw Mai Chin A , Longworth Giuliana R , Torné Sacra Morejón , Giné-Garriga Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The provision of inclusive indoor and outdoor spaces is essential for achieving age-friendly cities and addressing complex health inequalities. Older adults, especially care home residents, are the least active and most sedentary segment of the population, and are more likely to be isolated and experience loneliness. They also present more difficulties accessing spaces to engage in physical activity and social interaction. This protocol proposes the use of co-creation as an overarching approach to position end-users and key stakeholders as decision-making agents in an urban design and spatial planning project. EngAGE4Change focuses on the older adult population (60+ years old) of the Dreta de l'Eixample neighborhood in the city of Barcelona. The participants of this study, known as “co-creators” will consist of two (2) groups of 8 to 12 older adults (residents from 2 selected care homes and community-dwellers from a daycare/community center), 3 relatives, 2 health professionals, 2 care-home staff members, 1 researcher, and 2 urban design and planning professionals. The co-creation process will be geared towards designing common spaces and urban community spaces near care homes to improve movement patterns and reduce social isolation. The group of co-creators will lead the concept ideation, refinement, and project delivery stages with the use of several methods. The project will test process and outcome evaluation guidelines for co-creation, as well as the incorporation of Augmented Reality/ Virtual Reality (AR/VR) technologies to deliver a spatial prototype as a result of the co-creation process.
Calculation of Flux density in Air-Gap for Reluctance Motor with Two Ports (Double-Stator, Double- Rotor) by Fourier Series
Authors: Shirzad Ehsan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a model based on Fourier series is presented to predict value of flux density in airgap with respect to mechanical angle for double-stator, double-rotor reluctance motor (DSDRRM). The DSDRRM is an excellent choice to be used as the electric motor in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) due to integrating two rotors and two stators into a compact structure and robust structure but torque ripple in this type of machines is high then special and fast model is necessary to design that proposed model can help us to have fast design. Point to point components of radial and tangential for DSDRRM are shown in figures compared between proposed model and finite element analysis (FEA) that the approach can be used for the magnetic field calculation in DSDRRM with any combination of rotor- and stator-pole number eventually, after putting analytical outputs on numerical outputs, efficacy of proposed model is validated.
Improving the DENOVA score with the time to blood culture positivity in community acquired Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez M Teresa , Lima Olalla , Garrido Martín , Rincón Anniris , Martínez-Lamas Lucía , Pérez-González Alexandre , Araújo Alejandro , Amoedo Antía , Sousa Adrián , López Ana , Cabrera Xurxo , Rubianes Martín 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: DENOVA index has been developed to stratify the risk of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with Enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. Recently, time to positive (TTP) of blood cultures of E. faecalis has also be related with a higher risk of IE. The objective of the study was to evaluate DENOVA scale with TTP to improve de specificity of the score.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective, case-control study in adult patients with E. faecalis bacteremia. Patients with definite enterococcal IE were classified as cases. Patients with enterococcal bacteremia and after exclusion of IE were included as control. The probability that DENOVA ± TDP correctly diagnoses patients with IE was estimated using ROC curves.
RESULTS: A total of 39 patients with definite E. faecalis IE and 82 patients with E. faecalis bacteremia were included. Nosocomial-acquired bacteremia was observed in 43% of patients. The best value of AUC was obtained by the DENOVA scale without TTP, (AUC = 0.896). In the community bacteremia subgroup, the addition of a TTP ≤ 8 hours to the DENOVA scale improved the accuracy in the prediction of IE (AUC = 0.914). A shorter TTP was not related with a worse prognosis in patients with E. faecalis bacteremia. The only factor related with poor clinical outcome was a Charlson index ≥ 3 (OR 3.4, 95% CI [1.21–9.62], p = 0.020).
CONCLUSIONS: In patients with E. faecalis community-acquired bacteremia, the TTP ≤ 8 hours associated with the DENOVA score could improve the prediction of this index in the detection of patients with IE.
Position of Polyclithrum within Gyrodactylidae (Monogenoidea): incongruences between morphological and molecular phylogenies
Authors: Ciccheto Juliana Rosa Matias , Razzolini Emanuel Luis , De Buron Isaure , Boeger Walter Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study aimed to enhance our understanding in monogenoid evolution by using morphological and molecular data to determine kinship relationships between species and changes in morphological structures over time. We focused on variations in characteristics among the organisms of the family Gyrodactylidae, concentrating on the phylogenetic position of Polyclithrum with other genera in the family. We collected specimens of Polyclithrum from the striped mullet, Mugil cephalus and Swingleus, and Fundulotrema specimens from mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in estuarine systems of South Carolina, United States. In addition, we analyzed them and other genera (including e.g., Mormyrogyrodactylus, Gyrodactyloides, and Macrogyrodactylus) using both morphological and molecular (18S rDNA) approaches. We performed phylogenetic trees based on Maximum Parsymony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference, and constructed a character morphological matrix by Parsimony Reconstruction of Ancestral Character States method. Our results suggest a homoplastic origin with evolutionary convergences in characters, revealing that there is inconsistency between our data and previously published works based solely on morphological structures of the group. The homoplasy scenario found in Gyrodactylidae can be a result of the limited set of putative homologous morphological features. However, differences between the phylogenies based on morphology and those based on molecular data may arise from both databases. While morphology remains essential in understanding the evolution of this group, molecular data, otherwise, provide a less biased source of information for constructing phylogenetic hypotheses. Combining these data facilitates a better comprehension of the homologous status of morphological features and to understand Gyrodactylidae evolutionary history.
Two-center validation of Pilot Tone Based Cardiac Triggering of a Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Examination
Authors: Pan Yue , Varghese Juliet , Tong Matthew S. , Yildiz Vedat O. , Azzu Alessia , Gatehouse Peter , Wage Rick , Nielles-Vallespin Sonia , Pennell Dudley , Jin Ning , Bacher Mario , Hayes Carmel , Speier Peter , Simonetti Orlando P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is prone to distortions from gradient and radiofrequency interference and the magnetohydrodynamic effect during cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Although Pilot Tone Cardiac (PTC) triggering has the potential to overcome these limitations, effectiveness across various CMR techniques has yet to be established.
Purpose
To evaluate the performance of PTC triggering in a comprehensive CMR exam.
Methods
Fifteen volunteers and twenty patients were recruited at two centers. ECG triggered images were collected for comparison in a subset of sequences. The PTC trigger accuracy was evaluated against ECG in cine acquisitions. Two experienced readers scored image quality in PTC-triggered cine, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), and T1- and T2-weighted dark-blood turbo spin echo (DB-TSE) images. Quantitative cardiac function, flow, and parametric mapping values obtained using PTC and ECG triggered sequences were compared.
Results
Breath-held segmented cine used for trigger timing analysis was collected in 15 volunteers and 14 patients. PTC calibration failed in three volunteers and one patient; ECG trigger recording failed in one patient. Out of 1987 total heartbeats, three mismatched trigger PTC-ECG pairs were found. Image quality scores showed no significant difference between PTC and ECG triggering. There was no significant difference found in quantitative measurements in volunteers. In patients, the only significant difference was found in post-contrast T1 (p = 0.04). ICC showed moderate to excellent agreement in all measurements.
Conclusion
PTC performance was equivalent to ECG in terms of triggering consistency, image quality, and quantitative image measurements across multiple CMR applications.
Efficient expression in the prokaryotic host system, purification and structural analyses of the recombinant human ACE2 catalytic subunit as a hybrid protein with the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB-ACE2)
Authors: Ghahramani Maryam , Shahsavani Mohammad Bagher , Khaleghinejad Seyed Hossein , Niazi Ali , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar , Yousefi Reza 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has a specific interaction with the coronavirus spike protein, enabling its entry into human cells. This membrane enzyme converts angiotensin II into angiotensin 1–7, which has an essential role in protecting the heart and improving lung function. Many therapeutic properties have been attributed to the human recombinant ACE2 (hrACE2), especially in combating complications related to diabetes mellitus and hypertension, as well as, preventing the coronavirus from entering the target tissues. In the current study, we designed an appropriate gene construct for the hybrid protein containing the ACE2 catalytic subunit and the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB-ACE2). This structural feature will probably help the recombinant hybrid protein enter the mucosal tissues, including the lung tissue. Optimization of this hybrid protein expression was investigated in BL21 bacterial host cells. Also, the hybrid protein was identified with an appropriate antibody using the ELISA method. A large amount of the hybrid protein (molecular weight of ∼100 kDa) was expressed as the inclusion body when the induction was performed in the presence of 0.25 mM IPTG and 1% sucrose for 10 hrs. Finally, the protein structural features were assessed using several biophysical methods. The fluorescence emission intensity and oligomeric size distribution of the CTB-ACE2 suggested a temperature-dependent alteration. The β-sheet and α-helix were also dominant in the hybrid protein structure, and this protein also displays acceptable chemical stability. In overall, according to our results, the efficient expression and successful purification of the CTB-ACE2 protein may pave the path for its therapeutic applications against diseases such as covid-19, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
The endangered plant Tetracentron sinense Oliv. (Tetracentraceae) populations: genetic diversity, structure and dynamic history based on SSR markers for its conservation
Authors: Tian Zhongqiong , Duan Fan , Mao Weili , La Qiong , Gan Xiaohong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTetracentron sinenseOliver, as a tertiary living fossil, a dramatic decline inT. sinensepopulation amounts, genetic resources depletion and recent human activities have shaped habitat fragmentation of relict and endangered plants, although there is ample evidence of its great medicinal, economic and ecological value. However, little is known about the genetic evolution ofT. sinense. With this work, 193 individuals from 22 naturalT. sinensepopulations regarding its genetic diversity, genetic differentiation, and demographic history using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to clarify its evolution models and develop scientific conservation strategies. We evaluated the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history of 193T. sinenseindividuals based on 14 SSR markers. At the species level,PPL, IandHewere 100%, 1.631 and 0.559, respectively. At the population level,Na,Ne, I,Hoand He were 3.221, 2.505, 0.937, 0.434 and 0.566, respectively. The results revealed high genetic diversity at the species level and within populations. Individuals were structured into three main clusters (K = 3) with significant genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.31). Demographic history analysis showed thatT. sinensedifferentiated according to the radial differentiation model. The differentiation occurred 1.115×104to 2.23×104years ago during Last Glacial Maximum. The twenty–twoT. sinensepopulations revealed moderate genetic diversity and seemed to be structured into three clusters with high differentiation suggesting its preserved the evolutionary potential and the Hengduan Mountains and Qinling Mountains act as the two major glacial refuges. High differentiation caused by long–term geographic isolation may lead to the population extinction. The radial differentiation model suggested thatT. sinenseoriginated from common ancestor.
Can Internet regulation encourage companies to produce low-carbon products? — The effective stability of Internet supervision and punishment mechanism
Authors: Feng Yu , Wang Ming Jian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBecause of the short-term diseconomies and externalities of low-carbon products, effective government intervention becomes a necessary tool for enterprises to produce low-carbon products. Under government regulation, a dynamic evolutionary game model is used for theoretical analysis. And the case data of new energy vehicle enterprises are used for simulation to explore the implementation effects of different punishment mechanisms on enterprises' production of low-carbon products. The results show that: (i) in the game between government and enterprises, consumers' green preferences, the differentiation between low-carbon products and high-carbon products, including the difference in cost and environmental friendliness, the market demand, and the purchase cost are important factors affecting game strategies. (ii) Under traditional regulatory, both the static and dynamic penalty mechanisms are favorable for enterprises to adopt the strategy of producing low-carbon products. What' more, the stronger the penalty, the faster the enterprises transform to produce low-carbon products. (iii) Under Internet regulatory, the strong dynamic penalty mechanism can better promote enterprises to produce low-carbon products, while the static penalty mechanism can't promote enterprises to produce low-carbon products effectively. On this basis, it is suggested that while regulating enterprises' production behavior, the government could also increase the demand for green consumption to pull enterprises to produce low-carbon products. In addition, it is suggested that the government's regulatory approach should be matched with the penalty mechanism, and the synergistic effect among regulatory instruments should be skillfully utilized, so as to promote the process of sustainable social development.