bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Rabies and Implications for Postexposure Prophylaxis Administration in the US
Authors: Charniga Kelly , Nakazawa Yoshinori , Brown Jen , Jeon Seonghye , Wallace Ryan M. 
Published: June 2023

ImportanceIn the US, rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is often administered without a comprehensive and regionally appropriate rabies risk assessment. For low-risk exposures, this can result in patients incurring out-of-pocket expenses or experiencing adverse effects of PEP unnecessarily.ObjectiveTo use a model to estimate (1) the probability that an animal would test positive for rabies virus (RABV) given that a person was exposed, and (2) the probability that a person would die from rabies given that they were exposed to a suspect rabid animal and did not receive PEP, and to propose a risk threshold for recommending PEP according to model estimates and a survey.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this decision analytical modeling study, positivity rates were calculated using more than 900 000 animal samples tested for RABV between 2011 and 2020. Other parameters were estimated from a subset of the surveillance data and the literature. Probabilities were estimated using Bayes’ rule. A survey was administered among a convenience sample of state public health officials in all US states (excluding Hawaii) plus Washington, DC and Puerto Rico to determine a risk threshold for PEP recommendation. Respondents were asked whether they would recommend PEP given 24 standardized exposure scenarios while accounting for local rabies epidemiology.Main Outcomes and MeasuresA quantitative and regionally appropriate approach for helping health care practitioners and public health professionals determine whether to recommend and/or administer rabies PEP.ResultsA total of 1728 unique observations were obtained from the model for the probability that an animal would test positive for RABV given that a person was exposed, and 41 472 for ) the probability that a person would die from rabies given that they were exposed to a suspect rabid animal and did not receive PEP. The median probability that an animal would test positive for RABV given that a person was exposed ranged from 3 × 10−7 to 0.97, while the probability that a person would die from rabies given that they were exposed to a suspect rabid animal and did not receive PEP ranged from 1 × 10−10 to 0.55. Fifty public health officials out of a target sample size of 102 responded to the survey. Using logistic regression, a risk threshold was estimated for PEP recommendation of 0.0004; PEP may not be recommended for exposures with probabilities below this threshold.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this modeling study of rabies in the US, the risk of death|exposure was quantified and a risk threshold was estimated. These results could be used to inform the decision-making process as to the appropriateness of recommending rabies PEP.
Pseudoflavonifractor
Authors: Alauzet Corentine , Cailliez‐Grimal Catherine , Lozniewski Alain 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Pseu.do.fla.vo.ni.frac'tor. Gr. adj.
pseudês
, false; N.L. masc. n.
Flavonifractor
, a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n.
Pseudoflavonifractor
, a false Flavonifractor.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Oscillospiraceae / Pseudoflavonifractor

Pseudoflavonifractor
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Clostridia
, order
Clostridiales
, family
Oscillospiraceae
. It currently comprises three species with validly published names.
Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus
, was proposed in 2010 to reclassify
Bacteroides capillosus
based on its phylogenetic position, biochemical properties, and DNA G + C content. Two other species,
Pseudoflavonifractor gallinarum
and
Pseudoflavonifractor hominis
, were described in 2021. Although phylogenetically linked to typical Gram‐positive bacteria, members of this genus stain Gram‐negative. Cells are strictly anaerobic, nonmotile, and non‐spore‐forming rods, occasionally ovoid (
P. hominis
). Optimal growth is described after at least 48 h of anaerobic incubation in nutrient‐rich broth or on sheep/horse blood agar. Colonies are minute, circular, colorless, smooth, and translucent. Members of the genus
Pseudoflavonifractor
are asaccharolytic although able to weakly ferment some sugars. They produce acetic and succinic acids when grown in TGY (trypticase/glucose/yeast extract) broth. The dominant fatty acids are C
14:0
and C
16:0
dimethyl acetal (DMA). They are described as members of the human and animal gut microbiota.
P. capillosus
has also been recovered from clinical samples as an opportunistic pathogen.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.22–60 (
T
m
and HPLC).

Type species
:
Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus
Carlier et al. 2010
VP
(basonym:
Bacteroides capillosus
(Tissier 1908) Kelly 1957
AL
).
Assessing facial weakness in myasthenia gravis with facial recognition software and deep learning
Authors: Ruiter Annabel M. , Wang Ziqi , Yin Zhao , Naber Willemijn C. , Simons Jerrel , Blom Jurre T. , van Gemert Jan C. , Verschuuren Jan J. G. M. , Tannemaat Martijn R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease leading to fatigable muscle weakness. Extra‐ocular and bulbar muscles are most commonly affected. We aimed to investigate whether facial weakness can be quantified automatically and used for diagnosis and disease monitoring.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, we analyzed video recordings of 70 MG patients and 69 healthy controls (HC) with two different methods. Facial weakness was first quantified with facial expression recognition software. Subsequently, a deep learning (DL) computer model was trained for the classification of diagnosis and disease severity using multiple cross‐validations on videos of 50 patients and 50 controls. Results were validated using unseen videos of 20 MG patients and 19 HC.ResultsExpression of anger (p = 0.026), fear (p = 0.003), and happiness (p < 0.001) was significantly decreased in MG compared to HC. Specific patterns of decreased facial movement were detectable in each emotion. Results of the DL model for diagnosis were as follows: area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator curve 0.75 (95% CI 0.65–0.85), sensitivity 0.76, specificity 0.76, and accuracy 76%. For disease severity: AUC 0.75 (95% CI 0.60–0.90), sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.63, and accuracy 80%. Results of validation, diagnosis: AUC 0.82 (95% CI: 0.67–0.97), sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.74, and accuracy 87%. For disease severity: AUC 0.88 (95% CI: 0.67–1.0), sensitivity 1.0, specificity 0.86, and accuracy 94%.InterpretationPatterns of facial weakness can be detected with facial recognition software. Second, this study delivers a ‘proof of concept’ for a DL model that can distinguish MG from HC and classifies disease severity.
Meta‐Aerogel Ion Motor for Nanofluid Osmotic Energy Harvesting
Authors: Zhang Feng , Yu Jianyong , Si Yang , Ding Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOsmotic power, also known as “blue energy”, is a vast, sustainable, and clean energy source that can be directly converted into electricity by nanofluidic membranes. However, the key technological bottleneck for large‐scale osmotic electricity is that macroscopic‐scale bulky membrane cannot synergistically satisfy the demands of high power density and low resistance without sacrificing scalability and mechanical robustness. Here, inspired by the anatomy and working principle of electric eels, which harness osmotic energy through embedded neuron‐mediated fibril nanochannels with nanoconfined transport dynamics. Fibrous nanofluidic meta‐aerogel ion motors, 3D‐assembled from nanofluidic cable fibers with actuatable stimulation/transport “ion highways” are engineered. The meta‐aerogel exhibits the integrated coupling effect of boosted ion propulsion and surface‐charge‐dominated selective ion transport. Driven by osmosis, the meta‐aerogel ion motor can produce an unprecedented output power density of up to 30.7 W m−2 under a 50‐fold salinity gradient. Advancing ultra‐selective ion transport in nanofluidic meta‐aerogels may provide a promising roadmap for blue energy harvesting.
Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction: Ammonia Synthesis and the Beyond
Authors: Xiong Yuecheng , Wang Yunhao , Zhou Jingwen , Liu Fu , Hao Fengkun , Fan Zhanxi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNatural nitrogen cycle has been severely disrupted by anthropogenic activities. The overuse of N‐containing fertilizers induces the increase of nitrate level in surface and ground waters, and substantial emission of nitrogen oxides causes heavy air pollution. Nitrogen gas, as the main component of air, has been used for mass ammonia production for over a century, providing enough nutrition for agriculture to support world population increase. In the last decade, researchers have made great efforts to develop ammonia processes under ambient conditions to combat the intensive energy consumption and high carbon emission associated with the Haber–Bosch process. Among different techniques, electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) can achieve nitrate removal and ammonia generation simultaneously using renewable electricity as the power, and there is an exponential growth of studies in this research direction. Here, a timely and comprehensive review on the important progresses of electrochemical NO3RR, covering the rational design of electrocatalysts, emerging CN coupling reactions, and advanced energy conversion and storage systems is provided. Moreover, future perspectives are proposed to accelerate the industrialized NH3 production and green synthesis of chemicals, leading to a sustainable nitrogen cycle via prosperous N‐based electrochemistry.
A Novel Process for the Preparation of Binder‐Free Zeolite Beads (Lta‐5a) via Photopolymerization Applied in Co2 Adsorption Field
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Josien Ludovic , Vaulot Cyril , Simon‐Masseron Angélique , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has a severe influence on both the environment and human health, resulting in global warming. According to the high adsorption capacity for CO2 removal, zeolites play an important role for CO2 capture and sequestration. However, its powdery form limits their use in adsorption applications. When binding agents are used, the zeolite porosity is partially occluded that compromises the CO2 adsorption capacity severely. How to prepare binder‐free zeolite beads with a certain structure strength and how to keep the high surface area and porosity are a great challenge. In this work, LTA‐5A beads composites (80 wt.%) are prepared via cationic photopolymerization and then calcination is performed to remove organic part to obtain LTA‐5A beads with different sizes (<1.0 mm, 1.0–2.0 mm, and 2.0–3.0 mm). These beads (0.1 g) are characterized by good mechanical strength without any binder (partial bead fragmentation under 200 g‐load) with a preserved zeolite porosity. This method allows to exploit the zeolite beads reaching a high specific surface area (586 688 m2 g−1) and good CO2 adsorption capacity (4.5‐4.9 mmol g−1). These values are higher than those of commercial LTA‐5A beads (515 m2 g−1 and 3.8 mmol g−1, respectively), which is in agreement with their binder‐free structure.
Palladium and Copper‐Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Acylation with Activated Amides
Authors: Park Haeun , Lee Sunwoo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Friedel‐Crafts acylation reaction between activated amides and arenes was carried out by employing [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2 and Cu(OTf)2 as catalysts. A range of N‐phenyl‐N‐tosylbenzamides, which were substituted at the phenyl ring of the benzamide moiety, underwent reaction with various arenes, such as mesitylene, toluene, anisole, 4‐tert‐butylbenzene, o‐xylene, m‐xylene, and p‐xylene, affording the corresponding diaryl ketones with yields ranging from 49% to 89%.
Energy and Thermal Performance Analysis of Quantum Dot Luminescent Solar Concentrators in Greenhouses
Authors: Liu Yaling , Keil John , Ferry Vivian E. , Kortshagen Uwe R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGreenhouses provide a controlled environment for plant growth, which increases crop yields, reduces the use of water and fertilizers, and offers resilience to droughts and extreme weather. However, greenhouse operation is energy intensive due to their heating and cooling loads. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are promising for semitransparent greenhouse roofs that produce clean electricity, thus reducing the greenhouse energy demand, while also transmitting enough light to satisfy plant growth. Herein, we model the performance of LSC roofs designed as glass panels coated with quantum dot (QD)/polymer nanocomposite films and front‐facing surface‐mounted photovolatic cells. Five widely studied QD materials are examined to demonstrate that the proposed QD LSC roofs can have effective power conversion efficiencies exceeding 10% while also increasing the red‐light fraction, which is beneficial for plant growth. The effect of LSC integration on the greenhouse thermal energy demands is studied for the example of silicon (Si) QD LSC roofs. In warm climates, solar power generated by the Si QD LSC roofs satisfies the entire greenhouse energy demand and thus enables net‐zero energy operation. Overall, the results of the current research demonstrate the strong potential of integrating QD LSCs into greenhouses to reduce energy costs and enhance plant growth.
Mechanical Perspective of CsSe Half‐Metallic Ferromagnet from DFT
Authors: Tayade Nishant T. , Tirpude Manish P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCsSe is reported as a half‐metallic ferromagnet compound which is optimized using the first principle calculation, but it is yet to prepared experimentally. CsCl‐type and NaCl‐type structures are preferred in literature to form from their electronic structures. Whether these two structures physically withstand or not is still unclear. Their mechanical properties can give a clear picture. The present study works in this direction and uncovers the mechanical perspective using DFT (Density Functional Theory) framework. The elastic stiffness tensor is obtained first, evaluated the mechanical parameters and then revealed how the mechanical formation is possible. Overall study elucidates to the evidence of why the CsSe compound occurs in CsCl‐type and how it has withstood at a room temperature using the elastic and mechanical properties through DFT. The stability of CsCl‐type has been confirmed from the phonon dispersion by DFPT (Density Functional Perturbation Theory) in this paper. The study also conducted the examination of the CsCl‐type's spintronic nature.
A Numeric Approach for Investigating Electron Dynamics in Zinc‐Blende Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Reichman Yair , Caspary Toroker Maytal 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCharge transport via interfaces in materials is crucial in comprehending the constraints of many electronic devices. Gaining the knowledge and understanding of the processes entail when two materials form contact between them may allow designing better performance devices. Nonetheless, simulating experimental length scale structures puts a computational challenge. This work investigates several heterostructure systems of typical semiconductors with zinc‐blende unit cells forming an interface in the contact plane. The purpose is to understand the trends in the electronic properties of such heterostructures regarding the strain profile, as it occurs near the interface and far away in deeper atomic planes. The local band‐gap values of each layer of atoms are calculated to demonstrate how the gaps have changed with respect to the distance from the interface. Finally, the potential energy at the interface region is parameterized. The correlation between the transmission coefficient of the one‐electron wave function is analyzed to pass through the interface and interface characteristic parameters. The primary conclusion is that the system's electrostatic potential embeds the heterostructure's unique properties. It is demonstrated how one can predict the transmission coefficient of the electronic wave function at the interface by examining the material's potential parameters at the interface exclusively.
Occupational heat‐related illness in Washington State: A descriptive study of day of illness and prior day ambient temperatures among cases and clusters, 2006–2021
Authors: Spector June T. , Sampson Luke , Flunker John C. , Adams Darrin , Bonauto David K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundInsufficient heat acclimatization is a risk factor for heat‐related illness (HRI) morbidity, particularly during periods of sudden temperature increase. We sought to characterize heat exposure on days before, and days of, occupational HRIs.MethodsA total of 1241 Washington State workers' compensation State Fund HRI claims from 2006 to 2021 were linked with modeled parameter‐elevation regressions on independent slopes model (PRISM) meteorological data. We determined location‐specific maximum temperatures (Tmax,PRISM) on the day of illness (DOI) and prior days, and whether theTmax,PRISMwas ≥10.0°F (~5.6°C) higher than the average of past 5 days (“sudden increase”) for each HRI claim. Claims occurring on days with ≥10 HRI claims (“clusters”) were compared with “non‐cluster” claims usingttests andχ2tests.ResultsSeventy‐six percent of analyzed HRI claims occurred on days with aTmax,PRISM ≥ 80°F. Claims occurring on “cluster” days, compared to “non‐cluster” days, had both a significantly higher mean DOITmax,PRISM(99.3°F vs. 85.8°F [37.4°C vs. 29.9°C],t(148) = −18,p < 0.001) and a higher proportion of “sudden increase” claims (80.2% vs. 24.3%,χ2[1] = 132.9,p < 0.001). Compared to “cluster” days, HRI claims occurring during the 2021 Pacific Northwest “heat dome” had a similar increased trajectory of meanTmax,PRISMon the days before the DOI, but with higher meanTmax,PRISM.ConclusionsOccupational HRI risk assessments should consider both current temperatures and changes in temperatures relative to prior days. Heat prevention programs should include provisions to address acclimatization and, when increases in temperature occur too quickly to allow for sufficient acclimatization, additional precautions.
Photocatalytic 2‐Iodoethanol Coupling to Produce 1,4‐Butanediol Mediated by TiO2 and a Catalytic Nickel Complex
Authors: Xu Qingchun , Ren Puning , Peng Yang , Luo Nengchao , Gao Zhuyan , Meng Caixia , Zhang Jian , Wang Feng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhotocatalytic 2‐iodoethanol (IEO) coupling provides 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) of particular interest to produce degradable polyesters. However, the reduction potential of IEO is too negative (−1.9 vs NHE) to be satisfied by most of the semiconductors, and the kinetics of transferring one electron for IEO coupling is slow. Here we design a catalytic Ni complex, which works synergistically with TiO2, realizing reductive coupling of IEO powered by photo‐energy. Coordinating by terpyridine stabilizes Ni2+ from being photo‐deposited to TiO2, thereby retaining the steric configuration beneficial for IEO coupling. The Ni complex can rapidly extract electrons from TiO2, generating a low‐valent Ni capable of reducing IEO. The photocatalytic IEO coupling thus provides BDO in 72 % selectivity. By a stepwise procedure, BDO is obtained with 70 % selectivity from ethylene glycol. This work put forward a strategy for the photocatalytic reduction of molecules requiring strong negative potential.
Methane Oxidation over Cu2+/[CuOH]+ Pairs and Site‐Specific Kinetics in Copper Mordenite Revealed by Operando Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and UV/Visible Spectroscopy
Authors: Fischer Jörg Wolfram Anselm , Brenig Andreas , Klose Daniel , van Bokhoven Jeroen Anton , Sushkevich Vitaly L. , Jeschke Gunnar 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCu‐exchanged mordenite (MOR) is a promising material for partial CH4 oxidation. The structural diversity of Cu species within MOR makes it difficult to identify the active Cu sites and to determine their redox and kinetic properties. In this study, the Cu speciation in Cu‐MOR materials with different Cu loadings has been determined using operando electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and operando ultraviolet‐visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy as well as in situ photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A novel pathway for CH4 oxidation involving paired [CuOH]+ and bare Cu2+ species has been identified. The reduction of bare Cu2+ ions facilitated by adjacent [CuOH]+ demonstrates that the frequently reported assumption of redox‐inert Cu2+ centers does not generally apply. The measured site‐specific reaction kinetics show that dimeric Cu species exhibit a faster reaction rate and a higher apparent activation energy than monomeric Cu2+ active sites highlighting their difference in the CH4 oxidation potential.
Modulating Electronic Metal‐Support Interactions to Boost Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane: Nickel‐Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Phosphorus‐Doped Titania
Authors: Wan Chao , Li Gui , Wang Jiapei , Xu Lixin , Cheng Dang‐guo , Chen Fengqiu , Asakura Yusuke , Kang Yunqing , Yamauchi Yusuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmmonia borane (AB) is a promising material for chemical H2 storage owing to its high H2 density (up to 19.6 wt %). However, the development of an efficient catalyst for driving H2 evolution through AB hydrolysis remains challenging. Therefore, a visible‐light‐driven strategy for generating H2 through AB hydrolysis was implemented in this study using Ni−Pt nanoparticles supported on phosphorus‐doped TiO2 (Ni‐Pt/P‐TiO2) as photocatalysts. Through surface engineering, P‐TiO2 was prepared by phytic‐acid‐assisted phosphorization and then employed as an ideal support for immobilizing Ni−Pt nanoparticles via a facile co‐reduction strategy. Under visible‐light irradiation at 283 K, Ni40Pt60/P‐TiO2 exhibited improved recyclability and a high turnover frequency of 967.8 mol
molPt−1 min−1. Characterization experiments and density functional theory calculations indicated that the enhanced performance of Ni40Pt60/P‐TiO2 originated from a combination of the Ni−Pt alloying effect, the Mott–Schottky junction at the metal‐semiconductor interface, and strong metal‐support interactions. These findings not only underscore the benefits of utilizing multipronged effects to construct highly active AB‐hydrolyzing catalysts, but also pave a path toward designing high‐performance catalysts by surface engineering to modulate the electronic metal‐support interactions for other visible‐light‐induced reactions.
Site‐Selective Synthesis and Concurrent Immobilization of Imine‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks on Electrodes Using an Electrogenerated Acid
Authors: Shirokura Tomoki , Hirohata Tomoki , Sato Kosuke , Villani Elena , Sekiya Kazuyasu , Chien Yu‐An , Kurioka Tomoyuki , Hifumi Ryoyu , Hattori Yoshiyuki , Sone Masato , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke 
Published: June 2023

AbstractImine‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline porous materials with prospective uses in various devices. However, general bulk synthetic methods usually produce COFs as powders that are insoluble in most of the common organic solvents, arising challenges for the subsequent molding and fixing of these materials on substrates. Here, we report a novel synthetic methodology that utilizes an electrogenerated acid (EGA), which is produced at an electrode surface by electrochemical oxidation of a suitable precursor, acting as an effective Brønsted acid catalyst for imine bond formation from the corresponding amine and aldehyde monomers. Simultaneously, it provides the corresponding COF film deposited on the electrode surface. The COF structures obtained with this method exhibited high crystallinities and porosities, and the film thickness could be controlled. Furthermore, such process was applied for the synthesis of various imine‐based COFs, including a three‐dimensional (3D) COF structure.