bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conflits et développement financier en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Gandjon Fankem Gislain Stéphane , Kamdem Yeyouomo Aurelien 
Published: March 2023

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’influence des conflits sur le développement financier à partir d’un échantillon de pays d’Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). Nous considérons tous les types de conflits (internes et externes) et retenons une définition non restrictive du développement financier. Les estimations sont effectuées par la Méthode des Moments Généralisés (GMM) en système à deux étapes. Sur la période 1984-2013, nos résultats montrent qu’en ASS, le niveau de développement financier est une fonction décroissante des conflits ; qu’ils soient internes, externes ou généraux. Nos résultats, qui ne dépendent pas du choix des indicateurs de développement financier et de conflits, sont robustes à l’ouverture financière « de jure » et de « facto », à l’hétérogénéité ethnique, aux unions monétaires et accords commerciaux régionaux ainsi qu’à l’hypothèse de Rajan et Zingales [2003]. Ils semblent suggérer que la réduction des conflits, en plus de ses objectifs humanitaires, est également cruciale pour le progrès économique. Classification JEL. F51, H56, G21, N47, P51
Comparison of efficacy of two different doses of tranexamic acid in prevention of post operative blood loss in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Madathil Thushara , Balachandran Rakhi , Kottayil Brijesh P , Sundaram K R , Nair Suresh G 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The optimal dose of tranexamic acid in minimizing perioperative bleeding is uncertain. We compared efficacy of two different doses of tranexamic acid in reducing post-operative blood loss and its side effects in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery.

Settings and Design:
Prospective observational study at a pediatric cardiac center in South India.

Methods:
Consecutive cyanotic patients undergoing cardiac surgery were divided into groups I and II to receive either 10 mg/kg or 25 mg/kg of tranexamic acid administered as triple dose regime after induction, during cardiopulmonary bypass, and after protamine. Post-operative blood loss at 24 hours, blood component utilization, incidence of renal dysfunction and seizures were compared.

Results:
Totally, 124 patients were recruited, 62 in each group. The pre-operative variables and cardiopulmonary bypass time were comparable. Patients receiving 25 mg/kg had lower post-operative blood loss compared to patients in lower dose group (8.04 ± 8.89 vs 12.41 ± 19.23 ml/kg/24 hours, P = 0.03). There was no difference in the transfused volume of packed red cells (9.21 ± 7.13 ml/kg vs 12.41 ± 9.23 ml/kg, P = 0.712), fresh frozen plasma (13.91 ± 13.38 ml/kg vs 11.02 ± 8.04 ml/kg, P = 0.19), platelets (9.03 ± 6.76 ml/kg vs 10.90 ± 6.9 ml/kg, P = 0.14) or cryoprecipitate (0.66 ± 0.59 ml/kg vs 0.53 ± 0.54 ml/kg, P = 0.5) in group II and I, respectively. Two patients developed renal dysfunction secondary to low cardiac output in lower dose group. There were no seizures.

Conclusions:
Tranexamic acid administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg as triple dose regime is associated with lower post-operative blood loss compared to a lower dose of 10 mg/kg in cyanotic patients undergoing cardiac surgery without causing major adverse effects.
Comparison of postoperative delirium within 24 hours between ketamine and propofol infusion during cardiopulmonary bypass machine
Authors: Siripoonyothai Sutira , Sindhvananda Wacharin 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in cardiac surgery especially in elderly population which can lead to a delay of weaning from ventilator and extubation. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced inflammation is related to POD. Anti-inflammatory effect of anesthetic agent might attenuate POD.

Aims:
The present study was primarily aimed to compare within-24-h POD between ketamine-based anesthesia and propofol-based anesthesia during CPB. The secondary objective was to identify risk factors associated with within-24-h POD.

Setting and Design:
Our study was a randomized controlled trial in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Enrolling patients were aged >65 years, and able to comprehensive communication. Exclusion criteria were aortic surgery, cognitive disorders, cerebrovascular and carotid disease, and positive result of preoperative CAM-ICU.

Materials and Methods:
Patients were randomly assigned to group Ketamine infusion of 1 mg/kg/h and group Propofol infusion of 1.5-6 mg/kg/h during CPB. POD was evaluated by validated Thai version CAM-ICU at 8-24 hour after ICU arrival.

Statistics:
Chi-square, Fisher exact and t-test tests, univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were utilized. Results: Total 82 patients entered this study and 64 patients remained after exclusion (Group Ketamine = 32 and Group Propofol = 32). Within-24-h POD were 31.25% and 56.25% (P = 0.04) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were 71.45 and 65.53 mmHg (P = 0.01) respectively in Ketamine and Propofol group. Postoperative leukocytosis was a significant risk to POD (adjusted OR 124.5).

Conclusion:
With limitations of the study, prevention of 24-h POD in general by ketamine was inconclusive. In comparison with propofol, ketamine leaded to less events of 24-h POD and kept higher MAP. Severity of postoperative inflammation was a significant prediction of 24-h POD.
Preoperative mitral annulus size – Can we get it right?
Authors: Panicker Varghese T. , Sreekantan Renjith , Lokanath Nagananda 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
We looked for a correlation between the surgically measured mitral valve size and the cardiac dimensions (left ventricle internal diameter, left atrial size, aorta size, and body surface area) measured by preoperative and intraoperative echocardiography. We also assessed to see if we could predict the mitral prosthesis size based on the correlation data obtained.

Methods:
The hospital records of 180 patients who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR) with TTK Chitra valve between January 2008 and December 2012 at our hospital, were studied. The correlation between surgically measured mitral annulus size to left ventricular internal diameter systolic (LVIDS) and diastolic (LVIDD), left atrial size (linear measurement), and aorta size on echocardiography and body surface area was calculated using Pearson correlation coefficient. Mean LVIDS was calculated for each valve prosthesis size separately and the correlation was studied.

Results:
The correlation between mitral valve prosthesis size and left ventricular internal diameter (systolic) showed a Pearson coefficient of 3.3 with significance at the level 0.01. Mitral valve size and left atrial size showed a correlation coefficient of 2.7 with significance at the level 0.01. The correlation coefficient for mitral valve size with left ventricular internal diameter diastolic, aorta and body surface area were 2.5, 1.9, and 1.8, respectively. There was a gradual increase in the mean LVIDS with increase in the prosthetic valve size. Box plot and scatter plot showed linear correlation between valve size and mean LVIDS.
Spectrum of Infections in Renal Transplant Recipients, Factors Affecting Long Term Patient and Graft Outcomes Over 10 Years Including COVID Pandemic Periods
Authors: Mahapatra Himansu Sekhar , Gautam Abhisek , Kaur Nirmaljit , Pursnani Lalit , Muthukumar B. , Singh Amandeep , Patil Sanket Kishore , Prabhakaran Manoj 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Multiple factors including infections affect graft and patient outcomes in Renal Allograft Recipients. Survival data from tropical countries is scarce, especially during the COVID 19 pandemic.

Subjects and Methods:
In this ambispective study, records of KTRs between 2011 to 2019 and prospective follow up of subsequent transplants up till 2021 was done. Infection rate, etiology, and patient and graft outcomes were studied with appropriate investigations. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done to assess the predictors of patient and graft outcomes.

Results:
A total of 249 patients were studied, of which 218 episodes of infection occurred in 129 patients (49.79%). Bacterial infections were the most common (40.50%), followed by viral (35.20%), mycobacterial (11%), and fungal (8.10%). Of all infections, 52.3% of cases occurred within the 1st 6 months. Infections led to patient mortality in 14.7% of cases. Infections were significantly associated with graft rejection and chronic graft dysfunction. Donor age, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and graft rejection were independent predictors of chronic graft dysfunction. Recipient age and graft rejection were independent predictors of graft loss. Graft survival was 88.53%, 73.75%, and 44.90% at the end of 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, with average 18% of total graft losses occurring during the pre-COVID era as compared to 39% in COVID period.

Conclusion:
Invasive fungal infections and tuberculosis are more common in late transplant period. Recipient and donor age, graft rejection, CMV infection, and COVID pandemic period affected graft and patient outcomes. COVID pandemic period led to a disproportionately higher occurrence of graft loss.
Antihypertensive Drug Usage and Target Blood Pressure Attainment in Postrenal Transplant: A Prospective Study in Indian Population
Authors: Choudhury Shouvik , Chatterjee Suparna , Chaudhury Arpita Ray 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
The etiology of hypertension in post renal transplant patients is multifold and effective control of blood pressure (BP) contributes towards proper graft functioning and reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases. This prospective observational study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of antihypertensive drug use, the prescribing pattern and trends of blood pressure control in a cohort of post renal transplant patients from eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
Patients who had undergone renal transplant in this public hospital were enrolled as per eligibility criteria. All enrolled patients were on antihypertensive from at least 3months prior to transplant and were followed upto one year post-transplant. Antihypertensive drug (AHD) and immunosuppressant intake, BP recordings and occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), if any were noted at each visit.

Results:
56 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 33.04 ± 9.96 years, 87.5% were male. 75% were hypertensive at discharge (2-3 weeks post-transplant). Percentage of patients on AHD at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post-transplant were 83.9%, 82.1%, 75% and 71.4% respectively. Amlodipine was the most common prescribed AHD. Target BP control (≤130/80 mm of Hg) was achieved in 62.5% patients at 1year post-transplant. There were no major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the study period.

Conclusion:
In our study comprising of a relatively young cohort of transplant patients from India, hypertension control was well achieved in majority of the subjects and no MACE were noted. Amlodipine was the most commonly used AHD either as monotherapy or in combination with beta-blocker. Long term follow up of this cohort shall provide further insights into the trends of such control.
Knowledge and Attitude of Health-Care Professionals toward Organ Donation in Bahrain
Authors: Shah Shamik H. , Sridharan Kannan , Alalwan Adel A. , Alshehabi Khadija M. , Alsitri Fadhel , Alaradi Ali H. , El-Agroudy Amgad El-Baz 
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim:
The present study was carried out to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude of health-care professionals (HCPs) toward organ donation in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

Materials and Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 376 HCPs including physicians (n = 223), nurses (n = 101), and other HCPs (n = 52) were asked to fill out a validated questionnaire about their demographics, knowledge, and attitude toward organ and tissue donation and transplantation.

Results:
About two-thirds of the physicians (57.84%), nursing staff (38.6%), and other HCPs (54.4%) knew that Islamic laws allow organ donation (P = 0.005). Most of the physicians (99.1%) and nurses (95%) knew that brain-dead persons are eligible for organ donation, whereas only 91.2% of the other HCPs thought so. The majority of the HCPs supported organ donation during their life (96.2%); physicians (96.9%), nurses (88.1%), and other HCPs (82.3%). It was found that only 9.4% of the participants had registered as organ donors. Among HCPs, only about 50% thought that everyone should be automatically registered as an organ donor, whereas around 25% donated blood/tissue in their life. Three hundred and thirty-two participants (88.3%) reported a positive attitude toward living kidney donation and 71.8% expressed their agreement to donate organs after their death.

Conclusions:
HCPs had a good attitude toward organ transplantation, although less than half of them had knowledge of transplantation rules and its theoretical basis and financial issues. Additional awareness and education of HCP are needed in all areas of the organ donation process in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Assessment of the functional efficacy of various light-curing units of different manufacturers
Authors: Wazir Nikhel Dev , Choudhary Deebah , Rathore Hemanee 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Light plays an important role in polymerizing a light-cured resin-based composite as a hard restorative material. The present study was conducted to assess the functional efficacy of various light-curing units (LCUs) available to us.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was conducted in the Department of Endodontics on 60 different LCUs of different manufacturers. Parameters such as type of light-curing unit, the curing protocol, and frequency of bulb replacement were also recorded.

Results:
Out of 60 LCUs, 26 were quartz–tungsten–halogen (QTH) and 34 were light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The mean intensity of QTH was 486.3 W/cm2 and of LED was 612.1 W/cm2. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Nineteen QTH and 22 LEDs were satisfactory, while 7 QTH and 12 LEDs were unsatisfactory. The difference was nonsignificant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The authors found that maximum satisfactory results were seen with QTH type as compared to LED type.
An assessment of knowledge of dentists about third-molar extractions
Authors: Yesodharan Venu , Priya S. , Mathew Sujo 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Third-molar extractions, commonly known as wisdom teeth extractions, are routine procedures performed by dentists. However, the potential for complications arising from these extractions can have a significant impact on patient outcomes. It is essential for dentists to have a comprehensive understanding of the procedure and its associated risks.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge of dentists in India regarding third-molar extractions and to identify any gaps in their knowledge.

Methods:
A questionnaire was distributed to 200 dentists, containing 20 multiple-choice questions related to third-molar extractions, including indications for extraction, surgical techniques, and potential complications.

Results:
The results showed that dentists had a good overall knowledge of third-molar extractions.

Conclusions:
There were areas where dentists exhibited gaps in their knowledge highlighting the need for ongoing education and training.
Antimicrobial Effects of Green and Roasted Beans of Coffee Robusta and Coffee Arabica on Streptococcus mutans – An in vitro Comparative Study
Authors: Gupta SA , Potdar GV , Jain KD , Jethwa KP , Thakkar VP , Ram SM , Pachpute Samir Ramkrishna 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
In India, coffee is the third most common beverage consumed after water and tea. Through this study, we have analyzed the antimicrobial properties of coffee extracts by determining their zone of inhibition on blood agar plates in comparison to chlorhexidine which was used as the control.

Aim:
The study aims at determining the antimicrobial effects of extracts of green and roasted beans of Robusta and Arabica coffee (in
vitro).

Methodology:
The samples were collected from local markets of Coorg and Navi Mumbai. Streptococcus
mutans were cultured on blood agar, which was then inoculated with these samples. Antimicrobial properties were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The results were compared with gold standard solution, i.e., 0.2% chlorhexidine solution.

Results:
The coffee bean extract of Green
Robusta showed a more inhibitory effect on S. mutans when compared to Roasted
Arabica and Chlorhexidine. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around the extracts of Green
Robusta was 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23.5 mm, and 24 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively, and that of Roasted
Arabica was 11 mm, 12 mm, 13.5 mm, 15 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively.

Conclusion:
According to this methodology, Green
Robusta has more inhibitory effects than chlorhexidine. Thus in future after more in vivo and in vitro studies, coffee may be used in dental aids such as mouthwashes, dentifrices, dental floss, and chewing gum for its antimicrobial effect.
Remineralizing Effect of Commercially Available Two Herbal Dentifrices on human Teeth-An in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Gomathi MS , Prasad SV , Iyer K , Jegadeson M , Indrapriyadhrshini K , Shrienitha DN 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Dental caries is most prevalent oral infections worldwide, characterized by a progressive demineralization that affects the mineralized dental tissues. Although the decline of dental caries prevalence can be attributed to the widespread use of dentifrices that contain fluoride, there is a need for an advanced alternative fluoride remineralizing dentifrice preferably, herbal-based dentifrices.

Aim:
To investigate and compare the remineralization effect of demineralized human enamel using two herbal toothpastes via in vitro method.

Materials and Methods:
An in vitro study was conducted on 40 extracted natural teeth. Crowns and roots were sectioned at cementoenamel junction, and crowns were further sectioned to buccal and lingual halves. All the teeth samples were examined for baseline hardness level by Vickers hardness tester. Samples were kept for demineralization continuously for 48 h and postdemineralization hardness values were also evaluated. Samples randomly divided and allocated into two groups for remineralization procedure. Group A -Dabur Red (N = 20) and Group B - Patanjali Dant Kanti (N = 20). Remineralization using two dentifrice slurries was performed for 10 days and postremineralization hardness estimated. Data were collected and analyzed using Student’s unpaired t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Intergroup analysis was done using Student’s t-test and intragroup analysis at baseline, demineralization and remineralization was done using ANOVA.

Results:
A highly significant difference in the Vickers hardness was observed between the two groups with Group A showing increased mean hardness levels in comparison to Group B (P < 0.001) and there was a significant change in hardness observed from baseline, demineralization, and remineralization of both Dabur Red (Group A) and Patanjali (Group B).

Conclusions:
Both the herbal toothpastes showed better remineralization potential but still Dabur Red showed highest remineralization when compared to Patanjali Dant Kanti. The role of herbal dentifrices as a remineralizing agent appears to be as effective as conventional toothpastes.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Oral Hygiene Practices among Law Students in Davangere City: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Babitha GA , Holla KS , Patel B , Prashant GM , Prakash S 
Published: March 2023

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess dental health awareness and oral hygiene practice among law students of R L Law College, Davangere, Karnataka.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire containing 30 questions, regarding basic knowledge, attitude, and practice was distributed among 150 Law students of R L Law college of Davangere, Karnataka, India. The data obtained were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and statistically analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM Corporation) software.

Results:
In the present study, only 39.4% of the participants were aware of routine dental check-ups. 8.5% of the participants visited the dental clinic twice a year and 57% of the participants had never visited a dental clinic. 37.3% of the participants were aware of oral hygiene aids. 62% of the participants used a tongue cleaner routinely and 55.5% brushed their teeth using only horizontal brushing technique. 48.6% were aware that consuming tobacco causes cancer. Only 9.2% consumed tobacco in various forms. 49% of the participants felt that all dental procedures were painful and expressed fear. 81% of the students were unaware of dental fluorosis. 65.5% of the participants agreed that dental health education is important and 21.8% thought that it might be important. Inferential statistics using the Pearson Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the responses and the Year of law degree the participant was pursuing.

Conclusion:
In the present study, law students have satisfactory knowledge about good oral hygiene practices and oral health care. However, the knowledge acquired must be transferred into daily practice. This can be achieved by a change in their attitude toward oral hygiene maintenance. The inclusion of oral health-oriented education programs in their curriculum would improve their knowledge along with behavior, and they would be a good model to the community. This study will help us in devising an outline for the oral hygiene education of Law students of our country based on their current attitude, knowledge, and oral hygiene practice.
Assessment of Knowledge and Practice Behaviors about Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique in Periodontics among Dental Students, Dental Practitioners, and Academicians: An Online Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Gupta V , Mishra S , Dahiya S , Gupta DK , Gazala MP , Kujur SK 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The concept on minimally invasive surgical technique (MIST) is rapidly evolving in the field of medicine and Dentistry. MIST in periodontics is beneficial in enhancing clinical performance and in terms of patient-related factors also.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice behaviors about MIST in periodontics among dental students, dental practitioners, and academicians.

Materials and Methods:
An online questionnaire was prepared as Google Form and was distributed to respondents to assess their knowledge and practice behaviors about MIST.

Statistical Analysis Used:
A descriptive analysis comprising counts and the percentage was performed for all the variables. Categorical variables were compared among the different groups using the Chi-square test.

Results:
The study revealed that most of the respondents had adequate knowledge of MIST but only 46% of them had performed MIST procedures in daily clinical practice.

Conclusions:
There is sufficient knowledge about MIST and its implications in periodontics among dental students and professionals. However, there is a need to emphasize the clinical applications and more training to enhance skills and practice about MIST.