bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Background
Authors: Wu Lizhou , Zhou Jianting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHeavy rainfall in extreme climates often causes natural disasters such as floods, landslides, and debris flows. Rainfall-induced slope instabilities are major geological natural disasters (Glade in Environ Geol 35:160–174, 1998; Dai et al. in Eng Geol 51:279–290, 1999; Iverson in Water Resour Res 36:1897–1910, 2000; Lee and Pradhan in Landslides 4:33–41, 2007; Li et al. in Landslides 13:1109–1123, 2016a; Li et al. in Ecol Eng 91:477–486, 2016b; Wu et al. in Hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall-induced landslides. Springer, 2020) that can result in considerable loss of life and damage to infrastructure. Extreme events such as storms, which are becoming more severe because of climate change, can trigger fatal landslides.
Slope Stability Analysis Based on Analytical and Numerical Solutions
Authors: Wu Lizhou , Zhou Jianting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInfiltration into soil slopes is a fundamental concern in civil engineering. Rainfall infiltration leads to changes in pore-water pressure and reduces matric suction in soils, making it one of the main triggers of slope failure (Ali et al. in Comput Geotech 61:341–354, 2014; Wu et al. in Hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall-induced landslides. Springer, 2020). Slope instabilities caused by water infiltration are called rainfall-induced landslides (Xu and Zhang in Landslides 7:149–156, 2010; Wu et al. in Hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall-induced landslides. Springer, 2020).
Mingling of the infrared and ultraviolet and the “cosmological constant” for interacting QFT in 2d
Authors: LeClair André 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe propose a proper definition of the vacuum expectation value of the stress energy tensor 〈0| Tμν| 0〉 for integrable quantum field theories in two spacetime dimensions, which is the analog of the cosmological constant in 4d. For a wide variety of models, massive or massless, we show$$ {\rho}_{\textrm{vac}}=-{m}^2/2\mathfrak{g} $$ρvac=−m2/2gexactly, where$$ \mathfrak{g} $$gis a generalized coupling which we compute andmis a basic mass scale. The kinds of models we consider are the massive sinh-Gordon and sine-Gordon theories and perturbations of the Yang-Lee and 3-state Potts models, pure$$ T\overline{T} $$TT¯perturbations of infra-red QFT’s, and UV completions of the latter which are massless flows between UV and IR fixed points. In the massive casemis the physical mass of thelightestparticle and$$ \mathfrak{g} $$gis related to parameters in the 2-body S-matrix. In some examplesρvac= 0 due to a fractional supersymmetry. For massless cases,mcan be a scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The “cosmological constant problem” generically arises in the free field limit$$ \mathfrak{g} $$g→ 0, thus interactions can potentially resolve the problem at least for most cases considered in this paper. We speculate on extensions of these results to 4 spacetime dimensions and propose$$ {\rho}_{\textrm{vac}}={m}^4/2\mathfrak{g} $$ρvac=m4/2g, however without integrability we cannot yet propose a precise manner in which to calculate$$ \mathfrak{g} $$g. Nevertheless, based on cosmological data onρvac, if$$ \mathfrak{g} $$g~ 1 then it is worth pointing out that the lightest mass particle is on the order of experimental values of proposed neutrino masses.
Splitting of doubly quantized vortices in holographic superfluid of finite temperature
Authors: Lan Shanquan , Li Xin , Mo Jiexiong , Tian Yu , Yan Yu-Kun , Yang Peng , Zhang Hongbao 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The temperature effect on the linear instability and the splitting process of a doubly quantized vortex is studied. Using the linear perturbation theory to calculate out the quasi-normal modes of the doubly quantized vortex, we find that the imaginary part of the unstable mode increases with the temperature till some turning temperature, after which the imaginary part of the unstable mode decreases with the temperature. On the other hand, by the fully non-linear numerical simulations, we also examine the real time splitting process of the doubly quantized vortex, where not only do the split singly quantized vortex pair depart from each other, but also revolve around each other. In particular, the characteristic time scale for the splitting process is identified and its temperature dependence is found to be in good agreement with the linear instability analysis in the sense that the larger the imaginary part of the unstable mode is, the longer the splitting time is. Such a temperature effect is expected to be verified in the cold atom experiments in the near future.
The shadow formalism of Galilean CFT2
Authors: Chen Bin , Liu Reiko 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this work, we develop the shadow formalism for two-dimensional Galilean conformal field theory (GCFT2). We define the principal series representation of Galilean conformal symmetry group and find its relation with the Wigner classification, then we determine the shadow transform of local operators. Using this formalism we derive the OPE blocks, Clebsch-Gordan kernels, conformal blocks and conformal partial waves. A new feature is that the conformal block admits additional branch points, which would destroy the convergence of OPE for certain parameters. We establish another inversion formula different from the previous one, but get the same result when decomposing the four-point functions in the mean field theory (MFT). We also construct a continuous series of bilocal actions of MFT, and an exceptional series of local actions, one of which is the BMS free scalar model. We notice that there is an outer automorphism of the Galilean conformal symmetry, and the GCFT2 can be regarded as null defect in higher dimensional CFTs.
The S-matrix of 2D type 0B string theory. Part II. D-instanton effects
Authors: Balthazar Bruno , Rodriguez Victor A. , Yin Xi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We study the effect of D-instantons on closed string scattering amplitudes in the two-dimensional type 0B string theory from the worldsheet perspective. We find that the contribution from a pair of D-instanton and anti-D-instanton to the closed string reflection amplitude, with a suitable contour prescription for the integration over the D-instanton moduli space, agrees with the corresponding leading non-perturbative corrections in the proposed dual matrix quantum mechanics. This analysis is further extended to thermal observables defined at finite temperature. The infrared divergence in charged processes is understood through the measure factor for charged D-instantons, and can be treated with spacetime dimensional regularization.
Maximal temperature of strongly-coupled dark sectors
Authors: Kolesova H. , Laine M. , Procacci S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Taking axion inflation as an example, we estimate the maximal temperature (Tmax) that can be reached in the post-inflationary universe, as a function of the confinement scale of a non-Abelian dark sector (ΛIR). Below a certain threshold ΛIR< Λ0 ∼ 2 × 10−8mpl, the system heats up to Tmax ∼ Λ0 > Tc, and a first-order thermal phase transition takes place. On the other hand, if ΛIR > Λ0, then Tmax ∼ ΛIR< Tc: very high temperatures can be reached, but there is no phase transition. If the inflaton thermalizes during heating-up (which we find to be unlikely), or if the plasma includes light degrees of freedom, then heat capacity and entropy density are larger, and Tmax is lowered towards Λ0. The heating-up dynamics generates a gravitational wave background. Its contribution to Neff at GHz frequencies, the presence of a monotonic ∼ $$ {f}_0^3 $$

f
0
3

shape at (10−4 – 102) Hz frequencies, and the frequency domain of peaked features that may originate via first-order phase transitions, are discussed.
On Iso-dense and Scattered Spaces without $$\textbf{AC}$$
Authors: Keremedis Kyriakos , Tachtsis Eleftherios , Wajch Eliza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA topological space is iso-dense if it has a dense set of isolated points, and it is scattered if each of its non-empty subspaces has an isolated point. In $$\textbf{ZF}$$
ZF
(i.e. Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice ($$\textbf{AC}$$
AC
)), basic properties of iso-dense spaces are investigated. A new permutation model is constructed, in which there exists a discrete weakly Dedekind-finite space having the Cantor set as a remainder; the result is transferable to $$\textbf{ZF}$$
ZF
. This settles an open problem posed by Keremedis, Tachtsis and Wajch in 2021. A metrization theorem for a class of quasi-metric spaces is deduced. The statement “Every compact scattered metrizable space is separable” and several other statements about metric iso-dense spaces are shown to be equivalent to the axiom of countable choice for families of finite sets. Results related to the open problem of the set-theoretic strength of the statement “Every non-discrete compact metrizable space contains an infinite compact scattered subspace” are also included.
Bounds for invariants of numerical semigroups and Wilf’s conjecture
Authors: D’Anna Marco , Moscariello Alessio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven coprime positive integers $$g_1< \ldots < g_e$$

g
1

<
…
<

g
e

, the Frobenius number $$F=F(g_1,\ldots ,g_e)$$

F
=
F
(

g
1

,
…
,

g
e

)

is the largest integer not representable as a linear combination of $$g_1,\ldots ,g_e$$

g
1

,
…
,

g
e

with non-negative integer coefficients. Let n denote the number of all representable non-negative integers less than F; Wilf conjectured that $$F+1 \le e n$$

F
+
1
≤
e
n

. We provide bounds for $$g_1$$

g
1

and for the type of the numerical semigroup $$S=\langle g_1,\ldots ,g_e \rangle $$

S
=
⟨

g
1

,
…
,

g
e

⟩

in function of e and n, and use these bounds to prove that $$F+1 \le q e n$$

F
+
1
≤
q
e
n

, where $$q= \Bigg \lceil \frac{F+1}{g_1} \Bigg \rceil $$

q
=

⌈

F
+
1

g
1

⌉

, and $$F+1 \le e n^2$$

F
+
1
≤
e

n
2

. Finally, we give an alternative, simpler proof for the Wilf conjecture if the numerical semigroup $$S=\langle g_1,\ldots ,g_e \rangle $$

S
=
⟨

g
1

,
…
,

g
e

⟩

is almost-symmetric.
“Bone-SASP” in Skeletal Aging
Authors: Fang Ching-Lien , Liu Bin , Wan Mei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSenescence is a complex cell state characterized by stable cell cycle arrest and a unique secretory pattern known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP factors, which are heterogeneous and tissue specific, normally include chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and lipid components that can lead to multiple age-associated disorders by eliciting local and systemic consequences. The skeleton is a highly dynamic organ that changes constantly in shape and composition. Senescent cells in bone and bone marrow produce diverse SASP factors that induce alterations of the skeleton through paracrine effects. Herein, we refer to bone cell-associated SASP as “bone-SASP.” In this review, we describe current knowledge of cellular senescence and SASP, focusing on the role of senescent cells in mediating bone pathologies during natural aging and premature aging syndromes. We also summarize the role of cellular senescence and the bone-SASP in glucocorticoids-induced bone damage. In addition, we discuss the role of bone-SASP in the development of osteoarthritis, highlighting the mechanisms by which bone-SASP drives subchondral bone changes in metabolic syndrome-associated osteoarthritis.
3-D joint space mapping at the ankle from weight-bearing CT: reproducibility, repeatability, and challenges for standardisation
Authors: Turmezei Tom D. , Malhotra Karan , MacKay James W. , Gee Andrew H. , Treece Graham M. , Poole Kenneth E. S. , Welck Matthew J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objectives
We present a 3-D approach to joint space width (JSW) measurement across the ankle from weight-bearing CT (WBCT) to demonstrate inter-operator reproducibility, test-retest repeatability, and how differences in angulation affect ankle JSW distribution.

Methods
One side from repeat WBCT imaging of both feet and ankles was analysed from 23 individuals as part of their routine clinical care pathway. Joint space mapping was performed at four facets across the talus: talonavicular, talar dome and medial gutter (dome-medial), lateral gutter, and posterior subtalar. Inter-operator reproducibility was calculated for two users, while test-retest repeatability was calculated by comparing the two visits, both presented as Bland-Altman statistics. Statistical parametric mapping determined any significant relationships between talocrural joint space angulation and 3-D JSW distribution.

Results
The average ± standard deviation interval between imaging was 74.0 ± 29.6 days. Surface averaged bias ± limits of agreement were similar for reproducibility and repeatability, the latter being: talonavicular 0.01 ± 0.26 mm, dome-medial 0.00 ± 0.28 mm, lateral gutter − 0.02 ± 0.40 mm, and posterior subtalar 0.02 ± 0.34 mm. Results are presented as 3-D distribution maps, with optimum test–retest repeatability reaching a smallest detectable difference of ± 0.15 mm.

Conclusions
Joint space mapping is a robust approach to 3-D quantification of JSW measurement, inter-operator reproducibility, and test–retest repeatability at the ankle, with sensitivity reaching a best value of ± 0.15 mm. Standardised imaging protocols and optimised metal artefact reduction will be needed to further understand the clinical value of these 3-D measures derived from WBCT.

Clinical relevance statement
Weight-bearing computed tomography is an increasingly important tool in the clinical assessment of orthopaedic ankle disorders. This paper establishes the performance of measuring 3-D joint space width using this technology, which is an important surrogate marker for severity of osteoarthritis.

Key Points
• Joint space width values and error metrics from across the ankle measured from weight-bearing CT can be presented as 3-D maps that show topographic variation.
• The best sensitivity for detecting meaningful change in 3-D joint space width at the ankle was ± 0.15 mm, a value less than the isotropic imaging voxel dimensions.
• Standardised imaging protocols and optimised metal artefact reduction will be needed to understand the clinical value of 3-D measures from weight-bearing CT.
Low adherence to recommended use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: van Hoogstraten Lisa M. C. , Man Calvin C. O. , Witjes J. Alfred , Meijer Richard P. , Mulder Sasja F. , Smilde Tineke J. , Ripping Theodora M. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Aben Katja K. H. ,   BlaZIB Study Group, Witjes J. Alfred , Ripping Theodora M. , Boormans Joost L. , Goossens-Laan Catharina A. , van der Heijden Antoine G. , van der Heijden Michiel S. , Helder Sipke , Hermans Tom J. N. , Hulshof Maarten C. C. M. , Leliveld Anna M. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Meijer Richard P. , van Moorselaar Reindert J. A. , Noteboom Juus L. , Oddens Jorg R. , de Reijke Theo M. , van Rhijn Bas W. G. , van Roermund Joep G. H. , Venderbosch Guus W. J. , Wijsman Bart P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate guideline adherence and variation in the recommended use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and the effects of this variation on survival in patients with non-metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).

Patients and methods
In this nationwide, Netherlands Cancer Registry-based study, we identified 1025 patients newly diagnosed with non-metastatic MIBC between November 2017 and November 2019 who underwent radical cystectomy. Patients with ECOG performance status 0–1 and creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 were considered NAC-eligible. Interhospital variation was assessed using case-mix adjusted multilevel analysis. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between hospital specific probability of using NAC and survival. All analyses were stratified by disease stage (cT2 versus cT3-4a).

Results
In total, of 809 NAC-eligible patients, only 34% (n = 277) received NAC. Guideline adherence for NAC in cT2 was 26% versus 55% in cT3-4a disease. Interhospital variation was 7–57% and 31–62%, respectively. A higher hospital specific probability of NAC might be associated with a better survival, but results were not statistically significant (HRcT2 = 0.59, 95% CI 0.33–1.05 and HRcT3-4a = 0.71, 95% CI 0.25–2.04).

Conclusion
Guideline adherence regarding NAC use is low and interhospital variation is large, especially for patients with cT2-disease. Although not significant, our data suggest that survival of patients diagnosed in hospitals more inclined to give NAC might be better. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism. As literature clearly shows the potential survival benefit of NAC in patients with cT3-4a disease, better guideline adherence might be pursued.
Historical explosive activity of Mount Melbourne Volcanic Field (Antarctica) revealed by englacial tephra deposits
Authors: Del Carlo Paola , Di Roberto Alessio , Re Giuseppe , Albert Paul G. , Smith Victoria C. , Giudice Gaetano , Larocca Graziano , Scateni Bianca , Cannata Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFive tephra layers named BRH1 to 5 were sampled in an ice cliff located on the north-eastern flank of Mount Melbourne (northern Victoria Land, Antarctica). The texture, componentry, mineralogy, and major and trace element compositions of glass shards have been used to characterize these layers. These properties suggest that they are primary fall deposits produced from discrete eruptions that experienced varying degrees of magma/water interaction. The major and trace element glass shard analyses on single glass shards indicate that Mount Melbourne Volcanic Field is the source of these tephra layers and the geochemical diversity highlights that the eruptions were fed by compositionally diverse melts that are interpreted to be from a complex magma system with a mafic melt remobilizing more evolved trachy-andesitic to trachytic magma pockets. Geochemical compositions, along with textural and mineralogical data, have allowed correlations between two of the englacial tephra and distal cryptotephra from Mount Melbourne, recovered within a marine sediment core in the Edisto Inlet (~ 280 km northeast of Mount Melbourne), and constrain the age of these englacial tephra layers to between the third and the fourth century CE. This work provides new evidence of the intense historical explosive activity of the Mount Melbourne Volcanic Field and better constrains the rates of volcanism in northern Victoria Land. These data grant new clues on the eruptive dynamics and tephra dispersal, and considerably expand the geochemical (major and trace elements) dataset available for the Mount Melbourne Volcanic Field. In the future, this will facilitate the precise identification of tephra layers from this volcanic source and will help define the temporal and spatial correlation between Antarctic records using tephra layers. Finally, this work also yields new valuable time-stratigraphic marker horizons for future dating, synchronization, and correlations of different palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic records across large regions of Antarctica.
GAN-based one dimensional medical data augmentation
Authors: Zhang Ye , Wang Zhixiang , Zhang Zhen , Liu Junzhuo , Feng Ying , Wee Leonard , Dekker Andre , Chen Qiaosong , Traverso Alberto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the continuous development of human life and society, the medical field is constantly improving. However, modern medicine still faces many limitations, including challenging and previously unsolvable problems. In these cases, artificial intelligence (AI) can provide solutions. The research and application of generative adversarial networks (GAN) are a clear example. While most researchers focus on image augmentation, there are few one-dimensional data augmentation examples. The radiomics feature extracted from RT and CT images is one-dimensional data. As far as we know, we are the first to apply the WGAN-GP algorithm to generate radiomics data in the medical field. In this paper, we input a portion of the original real data samples into the model. The model learns the distribution of the input data samples and generates synthetic data samples with similar distribution to the original real data, which can solve the problem of obtaining annotated medical data samples. We have conducted experiments on the public dataset Heart Disease Cleveland and the private dataset. Compared with the traditional method of Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and common GAN for data augmentation, our method has significantly improved the AUC and SEN values under different data proportions. At the same time, our method has also shown varying levels of improvement in ACC and SPE values. This demonstrates that our method is effective and feasible.
Analysing sentiment change detection of Covid-19 tweets
Authors: Theocharopoulos Panagiotis C. , Tsoukala Anastasia , Georgakopoulos Spiros V. , Tasoulis Sotiris K. , Plagianakos Vassilis P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic made a significant impact on society, including the widespread implementation of lockdowns to prevent the spread of the virus. This measure led to a decrease in face-to-face social interactions and, as an equivalent, an increase in the use of social media platforms, such as Twitter. As part of Industry 4.0, sentiment analysis can be exploited to study public attitudes toward future pandemics and sociopolitical situations in general. This work presents an analysis framework by applying a combination of natural language processing techniques and machine learning algorithms to classify the sentiment of each tweet as positive, or negative. Through extensive experimentation, we expose the ideal model for this task and, subsequently, utilize sentiment predictions to perform time series analysis over the course of the pandemic. In addition, a change point detection algorithm was applied in order to identify the turning points in public attitudes toward the pandemic, which were validated by cross-referencing the news report at that particular period of time. Finally, we study the relationship between sentiment trends on social media and, news coverage of the pandemic, providing insights into the public’s perception of the pandemic and its influence on the news.