bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio-assembled MgO-coated tea waste biochar efficiently decontaminates phosphate from water and kitchen waste fermentation liquid
Authors: Feng Chuchu , Zhang Lan , Zhang Xiu , Li Jingyu , Li Yimeng , Peng Yaru , Luo Yuan , Li Ronghua , Gao Bin , Hamouda Mohamed A. , Smith Ken , Ali Esmat F. , Lee Sang Soo , Zhang Zengqiang , Rinklebe Jörg , Shaheen Sabry M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCrystal morphology of metal oxides in engineered metal-biochar composites governs the removal of phosphorus (P) from aqueous solutions. Up to our best knowledge, preparation of bio-assembled MgO-coated biochar and its application for the removal of P from solutions and kitchen waste fermentation liquids have not yet been studied. Therefore, in this study, a needle-like MgO particle coated tea waste biochar composite (MTC) was prepared through a novel biological assembly and template elimination process. The produced MTC was used as an adsorbent for removing P from a synthetic solution and real kitchen waste fermentation liquid. The maximum P sorption capacities of the MTC, deduced from the Langmuir model, were 58.80 mg g−1 from the solution at pH 7 and 192.8 mg g−1 from the fermentation liquid at pH 9. The increase of ionic strength (0–0.1 mol L−1 NaNO3) reduced P removal efficiency from 98.53% to 93.01% in the synthetic solution but had no significant impact on P removal from the fermentation liquid. Precipitation of MgHPO4 and Mg(H2PO4)2 (76.5%), ligand exchange (18.0%), and electrostatic attraction (5.5%) were the potential mechanisms for P sorption from the synthetic solution, while struvite formation (57.6%) and ligand exchange (42.2%) governed the sorption of P from the kitchen waste fermentation liquid. Compared to previously reported MgO-biochar composites, MTC had a lower P sorption capacity in phosphate solution but a higher P sorption capacity in fermentation liquid. Therefore, the studied MTC could be used as an effective candidate for the removal of P from aqueous environments, and especially from the fermentation liquids. In the future, it will be necessary to systematically compare the performance of metal-biochar composites with different metal oxide crystal morphology for P removal from different types of wastewater.
Graphical Abstract
An Investigation of Time Series Models for Forecasting Mixed Migration Flows: Focusing in Germany
Authors: Mebelli Vasiliki , Drakaki Maria , Tzionas Panagiotis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRefugee and migrant (mixed migration) flows in the Mediterranean have been in the spotlight of both policy and research, especially since 2015. Mixed migration is a volatile international phenomenon with considerable and debatable impacts on society and economy. This paper investigates the performance of time series forecasting methods based on EUROSTAT datasets focusing on asylum seekers. Germany has been selected to reflect on the ability of the models to predict the future behavior of an extremely volatile migrant mobility. Exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models have been used for the forecasting of asylum seekers. Monthly records of first-time asylum seekers have been used from January of 2008 up to September of 2020. The results demonstrate clearly that more research is needed on this field, taking into account the complexity of the characteristics of international migration, in order to assist decision-making in migration management.
Insights from an AIMBE Workshop: Diversifying Paths to Academic Leadership
Authors: Pruitt Beth L. , Chesler Naomi C. , Seltzer Rena , Eniola-Adefeso Omolola , Margulies Susan S. , Campo Maritza Salazar , Simon Scott I. , Grimm Michele J. , Mandell Sarah , Alleyne Andrew , West Jennifer L. , Desai Tejal A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) hosted a virtual symposium titled “Diversifying Paths to Academic Leadership” on January 27 and 28, 2022. The symposium sought to educate the community on the opportunities for and impact of leadership by biomedical engineering faculty, to encourage and invite women faculty, especially women of color, to consider and prepare to pursue leadership roles, to educate faculty on the expectations and duties of these roles, and to highlight experiences and paths to leadership of women engineering leaders. Here we review the main outcomes of the symposium to provide perspective on (1) personal visioning and positioning for leadership, (2) negotiating for success in leadership positions, and (3) leadership strategies for success specific to women faculty and where applicable, faculty of color.
High‐Resolution Magnetic‐Geochemical Mapping of the Serpentinized and Carbonated Atlin Ophiolite, British Columbia: Toward Establishing Magnetometry as a Monitoring Tool for In Situ Mineral Carbonation
Authors: Tominaga Masako , Beinlich Andreas , Lima Eduardo A. , Pruett Paiden , Vento Noah R. , Weiss Benjamin P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe address in situ serpentinization and mineral carbonation processes in oceanic lithosphere using integrated field magnetic measurements, rock magnetic analyses, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) microscopy, microtextural observations, and energy dispersive spectroscopy phase mapping. A representative suite of ultramafic rock samples were collected, within the Atlin ophiolite, along a 100‐m long transect across a continuous outcrop of mantle harzburgite with several alteration fronts: serpentinite, soapstone (magnesite + talc), and listvenite (magnesite + quartz). Strong correlations between changes in magnetic signal strengths and amount of alteration are shown with distinctive contrasts between serpentinite, transitional soapstone, and listvenite that are linked to the formation and breakdown of magnetite. While previous observations of the Linnajavri ultramafic complex indicated that the breakdown of magnetite occurred during listvenite formation from the precursor soapstone (Tominaga et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-01610-4), results from our study suggest that magnetite destabilization already occurred during the replacement of serpentinite by soapstone (i.e., at lower fluid CO2 concentrations). This difference is attributed to fracture‐controlled flow of sulfur‐bearing alteration fluid at Atlin, causing reductive magnetite dissolution in thin soapstone zones separating serpentinite from sulfide‐mineralized listvenite. We argue that magnetite growth or breakdown in soapstone provides insight into the mode of fluid flow and the composition, which control the scale and extent of carbonation. This conclusion enables us to use magnetometry as a viable tool for monitoring the reaction progress from serpentinite to carbonate‐bearing assemblages in space and time with a caution that the three‐dimensionality of magnetic sources impacts the scalability of measurements.
Sea‐Level Fall Driving Enhanced Hydrothermal and Tectonic Activities: Evidence From a Sediment Core Near the Tectonic‐Controlled Tianxiu Vent Field, Carlsberg Ridge
Authors: Li Mou , Han Xiqiu , Qiu Zhongyan , Fan Weijia , Wang Yejian , Li Honglin , Chen Hanlin , Hu Hang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHydrothermal activity on mid‐ocean ridges plays an important role in shaping marine chemistry, yet the variability of hydrothermal venting and its forcing mechanism remain elusive. Here, we analyzed a sediment core obtained near the tectonic‐controlled Tianxiu vent field, Carlsberg Ridge, to reconstruct the hydrothermal venting history. The core documented two significant hydrothermal events (H1 and H2) in the past 30 ka. H1 occurred at 24.1–24.5 ka during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), while H2 occurred at 10.5–11.6 ka during the deglacial period. Compared to H2, H1 was relatively weak, and it occurred concurrently with a tectonic event. We suggest that H2 was caused by the increased melt production associated with the decompression melting of the upper mantle during sea‐level fall, which is consistent with previously published records, whereas H1 was likely triggered by an intense tectonic event associated with depressurization during the LGM, which was previously unrecognized.
A High‐Order Accurate Summation‐By‐Parts Finite Difference Method for Fully‐Dynamic Earthquake Sequence Simulations Within Sedimentary Basins
Authors: Harvey Tobias W. , Erickson Brittany A. , Kozdon Jeremy E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe present an efficient numerical method for earthquake sequences in 2D antiplane shear that incorporates wave propagation. A vertical strike‐slip fault governed by rate‐and‐state friction is embedded in a heterogeneous elastic half‐space discretized using a high‐order accurate Summation‐by‐Parts finite difference method. Adaptive time‐stepping is applied during the interseismic periods; during coseismic rupture we apply a non‐stiff method, enabling a variety of explicit time stepping methods. We consider a shallow sedimentary basin and explore sensitivity to spatial resolution and the switching criteria used to transition between solvers. For sufficient grid resolution and switching thresholds, simulations results remain robust over long time scales. We explore the effects of full dynamics and basin depth and stiffness, making comparisons with quasi‐dynamic counterparts. Fully‐dynamic ruptures generate higher stresses, faster slip rates and rupture speeds, producing seismic scattering in the bulk. Because single‐event dynamic simulations penetrate further into sediments compared to the quasi‐dynamic simulations, we hypothesize that the incorporation of inertial effects would produce sequences of only surface‐rupturing events. However, we find that subbasin ruptures can still emerge with elastodynamics, for sufficiently compliant basins. We also find that full dynamics can increase the frequency of surface‐rupturing events, depending on basin depth and stiffness. These results suggest that an earthquake's potential to penetrate into shallow sediments should be viewed through the lens of the earthquake sequence, as it depends on basin properties and wave‐mediated effects, but also on self‐consistent initial conditions obtained from seismogenic cycling.
Satellite‐Observed Interannual Variations in Sea Surface Chlorophyll‐a Concentration in the Yellow Sea Over the Past Two Decades
Authors: Zhai Fangguo , Liu Zizhou , Gu Yanzhen , He Shuangyan , Hao Qiang , Li Peiliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOcean chlorophyll‐a concentration is a reliable indicator of phytoplankton biomass that plays an important role in controlling the marine ecosystem. Here, we investigated the interannual variations in sea surface chlorophyll‐a concentration (SSC) in the Yellow Sea and underlying mechanisms with 22 yr (1998–2019) of satellite ocean color observations. Results indicated that SSC showed a positive trend (0.039 mg m−3 yr−1 on average) during 1998–2010 and a negative trend (−0.058 mg m−3 yr−1 on average) during 2011–2019. Similar SSC trends occurred in the four seasons. These trends had larger magnitudes in inshore waters than in offshore waters. SSC variations were primarily driven by rainfall and anthropogenic nutrient emissions with a possibly secondary contribution from sea surface temperature (SST). During 1998–2010, increased rainfall and anthropogenic nutrient emissions largely enhanced the terrestrial nutrient inputs into the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Coincidentally, decreased SST might have led to a weakened stratification in summer, favoring upward turbulent diffusion of deeper waters rich in nutrients and chlorophyll‐a. These processes resulted in significant increases of surface nutrient concentrations and SSC. During 2011–2019, the opposite processes occurred to generate decreased SSC. The current study highlights the change of SSC trends in the Yellow Sea in the first two decades of the 21st century and physical processes at work, enriching our understanding of ocean chlorophyll‐a dynamics in the global shelf seas.
On the Influence of ENSO on Sudden Stratospheric Warmings
Authors: Palmeiro F. M. , García‐Serrano J. , Ruggieri P. , Batté L. , Gualdi S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUsing the extended ERA5 reanalysis and three state‐of‐the‐art models, this study explores how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can influence the total frequency, seasonal cycle and preconditioning of sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Reanalysis data shows that in the last seven decades, winters with SSWs were more common than winters without, regardless El Niño (EN) or La Niña (LN) occurrence or the ENSO/SSW definitions. In agreement with previous studies, our models tend to simulate a linear ENSO‐SSW relationship, with more SSWs for EN, around mid‐winter (January–February) as in reanalysis, and less for LN when compared to neutral conditions. Independently of ENSO, the main tropospheric precursor of SSWs appears to be an anomalous wave‐like pattern over Eurasia, but it is dominated by wavenumber 1 (WN1) for EN and shows an enhanced wavenumber 2 (WN2) for LN. The differences in this Eurasian wave pattern, which is largely internally generated, emerge from the distinct configuration of the background, stationary wave pattern induced by ENSO in the North Pacific, favoring a stronger WN1 (WN2) component during EN (LN). Our results suggest that the ENSO‐forced signal relies on modulating the seasonal‐mean polar vortex strength, becoming weaker and more displaced (stronger and more stable) for EN (LN), while ENSO‐unforced wave activity represents the ultimate trigger of SSWs. This supports the view that ENSO and SSWs are distinct sources of variability of the winter atmospheric circulation operating at different time‐scales and may reconcile previous findings in this context.
A Merger‐Formation Bow Echo Caused by Low‐Level Mesovortex in South China
Authors: Liu Qiqing , Xu Xin , Zhao Kun , Zhou Ang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis work studied a high winds‐producing bow echo that occurred over South China in the pre‐rainy season using radar observations and high‐resolution analyses from the Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System. The bow echo developed from a quasi‐linear convective system (QLCS) and acquired a well‐defined bow shape after merging with a pre‐line convective cell (CC). Interestingly, the rear‐inflow jet (RIJ), which has been well recognized to play a key role in the formation of a bow echo, was not found in this merger‐formation bow echo (MFBE). The reason is that the QLCS developed in the monsoon environment of high humidity and weak vertical wind shear, leading to a weak cold pool and line‐end vortices. A new pathway of bow echo formation was proposed which highlighted the importance of the low‐level mesovortex (MV) on the leading edge of the QLCS. Vertical vorticity budget analyses revealed that the MV originated from a weak vertical vorticity band ahead of the QLCS and grew rapidly during the merger, because of the enhanced low‐level convergence in between which led to vortexgenesis via vertical stretching of vertical vorticity. The up‐scale growth of the MV produced a RIJ‐like flow wrapping cyclonically from north of the QLCS which forced the system to bulge out and finally evolve into a bow echo. This MV contributed foremost to the near‐surface gales as well. These findings shed light on the diverse formation mechanisms of bow echoes and associated high winds in the moist monsoon environment of South China.
Evaluation of Earth Observations and In Situ Data Assimilation for Seasonal Hydrological Forecasting
Authors: Musuuza Jude L. , Crochemore Louise , Pechlivanidis Ilias G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEarth observations (EOs) are a valuable complement to in situ measurements in hydrology because they provide information in locations where direct measurements are unavailable or prohibitively expensive to make. Recent advances have enabled the assimilation of data sets of different physical variables into hydrological models to better estimate states and fluxes. Along with the meteorological forcings, the assimilated data exert controls on forecasts; it is therefore important to apportion the contributions from the forcing and assimilated data. Quality assessment is sometimes conducted in the pseudo‐reality, which neglects observations and model limitations. Here we introduce a diagnostic framework that accounts for observations to assess the sources of skill and infer the seasonal importance of assimilated and forcing data. We test the framework with a forcing data set from a downscaled Global Circulation Model and assimilate four EO and two in situ data sets to initialize the forecasts. We investigate the hydrological response and seasonal predictions over a Swedish snowmelt‐dominated catchment using the HYPE model over 2001–2015. The framework allows assessing the improvement in seasonal skill due to the different assimilated data and meteorological forcing. For the studied catchment, all EO and in situ data sets add information to the final forecast. The lead times during which data assimilation influences forecast skill also differ between data sets and seasons for example, assimilating snow water equivalent impacts the forecast for more than 20 weeks during winter. Lastly, assimilated data sets are generally more important to streamflow forecasting skill than meteorological forcing in the studied snow‐dominated catchment.
Tracing the Soil Water Flux in Variably Saturated Zones Using Temperature Data
Authors: Su Meng , Ma Rui , Wang Yunquan , Sun Ziyong , Yin Maosheng , Ge Mengyan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe coexistence of water, vapor, and solid phases and the spatiotemporal changes in thermal conductivities in response to variations in water content pose a challenge to the heat‐tracing method used to calculate water flux in variably saturated zones. In this study, a new approach, which adopted finite difference numerical schemes along with the limited‐memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno bounded (L‐BFGS‐B) parameter optimization algorithm, was developed to inversely trace vertical soil water fluxes in variably saturated zones using temperature‐depth time‐series data. The newly developed method did not utilize hydraulic parameters, and only temperature time‐series data were used at the adjacent depths as boundary conditions. The soil water, vapor flux, and spatiotemporal variations in thermal conductivity at a given location were optimized by fitting the temperature time‐series at the target depth using the L‐BFGS‐B algorithm. Further, the method was verified through laboratory experiments under different saturated conditions that were conducted in two columns with saturated and free drainage bottom boundaries, and five sets of different flow rates with a relatively stable flow condition. The soil water flux calculated using the proposed method was consistent with the observed data, thus, verifying the reliability of the approach in applications with relatively stable flow rates. Furthermore, the new method was applied to a field site to estimate the time‐varying soil water flux using the measured temperature data. The trends of the calculated soil water flux at different depths were consistent with the field hydrologic conditions and observations. Thus, this study provides a novel computationally efficient and easy‐to‐implement tool to determine soil water flux using temperature measurements.
Multifocal skull-compensated transcranial focused ultrasound system for neuromodulation applications based on acoustic holography
Authors: Kook Geon , Jo Yehhyun , Oh Chaerin , Liang Xiaojia , Kim Jaewon , Lee Sang-Mok , Kim Subeen , Choi Jung-Woo , Lee Hyunjoo Jenny 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTranscranial focused ultrasound stimulation is a promising therapeutic modality for human brain disorders because of its noninvasiveness, long penetration depth, and versatile spatial control capability through beamforming and beam steering. However, the skull presents a major hurdle for successful applications of ultrasound stimulation. Specifically, skull-induced focal aberration limits the capability for accurate and versatile targeting of brain subregions. In addition, there lacks a fully functional preclinical neuromodulation system suitable to conduct behavioral studies. Here, we report a miniature ultrasound system for neuromodulation applications that is capable of highly accurate multiregion targeting based on acoustic holography. Our work includes the design and implementation of an acoustic lens for targeting brain regions with compensation for skull aberration through time-reversal recording and a phase conjugation mirror. Moreover, we utilize MEMS and 3D-printing technology to implement a 0.75-g lightweight neuromodulation system and present in vivo characterization of the packaged system in freely moving mice. This preclinical system is capable of accurately targeting the desired individual or multitude of brain regions, which will enable versatile and explorative behavior studies using ultrasound neuromodulation to facilitate widespread clinical adoption.
Middle Pleistocene re-organization of Australian Monsoon
Authors: Gong Li , Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Opdyke Bradley , Zhang Yan , Ravelo Ana Christina , Zhang Peng , Xu Jian , Matsuzaki Kenji , Aiello Ivano , Beil Sebastian , Andersen Nils 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe sensitivity of the Australian Monsoon to changing climate boundary conditions remains controversial due to limited understanding of forcing processes and past variability. Here, we reconstruct austral summer monsoonal discharge and wind-driven winter productivity across the Middle Pleistocene Transition (MPT) in a sediment sequence drilled off NW Australia. We show that monsoonal precipitation and runoff primarily responded to precessional insolation forcing until ~0.95 Ma, but exhibited heightened sensitivity to ice volume andpCO2related feedbacks following intensification of glacial-interglacial cycles. Our records further suggest that summer monsoon variability at the precessional band was closely tied to the thermal evolution of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and strength of the Walker circulation over the past ~1.6 Myr. By contrast, productivity proxy records consistently tracked glacial-interglacial variability, reflecting changing rhythms in polar ice fluctuations and Hadley circulation strength. We conclude that the Australian Monsoon underwent a major re-organization across the MPT and that extratropical feedbacks were instrumental in driving short- and long-term variability.
Active and durable R2MnRuO7 pyrochlores with low Ru content for acidic oxygen evolution
Authors: Galyamin Dmitry , Torrero Jorge , Rodríguez Isabel , Kolb Manuel J. , Ferrer Pilar , Pascual Laura , Salam Mohamed Abdel , Gianolio Diego , Celorrio Verónica , Mokhtar Mohamed , Garcia Sanchez Daniel , Gago Aldo Saul , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas , Peña Miguel A. , Alonso José Antonio , Calle-Vallejo Federico , Retuerto María , Rojas Sergio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe production of green hydrogen in water electrolyzers is limited by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). State-of-the-art electrocatalysts are based on Ir. Ru electrocatalysts are a suitable alternative provided their performance is improved. Here we show that low-Ru-content pyrochlores (R2MnRuO7, R = Y, Tb and Dy) display high activity and durability for the OER in acidic media. Y2MnRuO7 is the most stable catalyst, displaying 1.5 V at 10 mA cm−2 for 40 h, or 5000 cycles up to 1.7 V. Computational and experimental results show that the high performance is owed to Ru sites embedded in RuMnOx surface layers. A water electrolyser with Y2MnRuO7 (with only 0.2 mgRu cm−2) reaches 1 A cm−2 at 1.75 V, remaining stable at 200 mA cm−2 for more than 24 h. These results encourage further investigation on Ru catalysts in which a partial replacement of Ru by inexpensive cations can enhance the OER performance.