bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forest fire and smoke detection using deep learning-based learning without forgetting
Authors: Sathishkumar Veerappampalayam Easwaramoorthy , Cho Jaehyuk , Subramanian Malliga , Naren Obuli Sai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Forests are an essential natural resource to humankind, providing a myriad of direct and indirect benefits. Natural disasters like forest fires have a major impact on global warming and the continued existence of life on Earth. Automatic identification of forest fires is thus an important field to research in order to minimize disasters. Early fire detection can also help decision-makers plan mitigation methods and extinguishing tactics. This research looks at fire/smoke detection from images using AI-based computer vision techniques. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are a type of Artificial Intelligence (AI) approach that have been shown to outperform state-of-the-art methods in image classification and other computer vision tasks, but their training time can be prohibitive. Further, a pretrained CNN may underperform when there is no sufficient dataset available. To address this issue, transfer learning is exercised on pre-trained models. However, the models may lose their classification abilities on the original datasets when transfer learning is applied. To solve this problem, we use learning without forgetting (LwF), which trains the network with a new task but keeps the network’s preexisting abilities intact.

Results
In this study, we implement transfer learning on pre-trained models such as VGG16, InceptionV3, and Xception, which allow us to work with a smaller dataset and lessen the computational complexity without degrading accuracy. Of all the models, Xception excelled with 98.72% accuracy. We tested the performance of the proposed models with and without LwF. Without LwF, among all the proposed models, Xception gave an accuracy of 79.23% on a new task (BowFire dataset). While using LwF, Xception gave an accuracy of 91.41% for the BowFire dataset and 96.89% for the original dataset. We find that fine-tuning the new task with LwF performed comparatively well on the original dataset.

Conclusion
Based on the experimental findings, it is found that the proposed models outperform the current state-of-the-art methods. We also show that LwF can successfully categorize novel and unseen datasets.
Effects of Cudrania tricuspidata and Sargassum fusiforme extracts on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Rajan Priyanka , Natraj Premkumar , Kim Nak Hyoung , Kim Jae-Hoon , Choi Hyuk Joon , Han Chang-Hoon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundCudrania tricuspidatais a perennial plant, andSargassum fusiformeis a brown seaweed with numerous potential benefits, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, the efficacies ofC. tricuspidataandS. fusiformeon hair growth have not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the present study examined the effects ofC. tricuspidataandS. fusiformeextracts on hair growth in C57BL/6 mice.ResultsImageJ demonstrated that drinking and skin application ofC. tricuspidataand/orS. fusiformeextracts significantly increased the hair growth rate in the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice compared to the control group. Histological analysis confirmed that drinking and skin application ofC. tricuspidataand/orS. fusiformeextracts for 21 days significantly increased the length of hair follicles on the dorsal skin of treated C57BL/6 mice compared to that in the control mice. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that hair growth cycle-related factors (anagen factors) such as Catenin Beta 1 (Ctnnb1) and platelet-derived growth factor (Pdgf) were upregulated (> twofold) only byC. tricuspidateextracts, whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf)andWntswere upregulated by bothC. tricuspidataorS. fusiformeapplications in treated mice (compared to the control mice). In addition, oncostatin M (Osm, a catagen-telogen factor) was downregulated (< 0.5 fold) byC. tricuspidatawhen administered via both skin and drinking mode in treated mice compared to that in control mice.ConclusionsOur results suggest thatC. tricuspidataand/orS. fusiformeextracts show potential hair growth efficacy by upregulating anagen factor genes, includingβ-catenin,Pdgf, Vegf,andWnts, and downregulating catagen-telogen factor genes, includingOsm, in C57BL/6 mice. The findings suggest thatC. tricuspidataand/orS. fusiformeextractsarepotential drug candidates to treat alopecia.
International Survey of Pediatric Oncologists' Beliefs and Communication Practices Regarding Symptom Self-Monitoring by Childhood Cancer Survivors
Authors: Webster Sarah N. , Spunt Sheri L. , Cunningham Sarah J. , Wakefield Claire E. , Smith Stephanie M. , Alberts Nicole M. , Palesh Oxana , Simons Laura E. , Heathcote Lauren C. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE: Childhood cancer survivors report self-monitoring for and worrying about symptoms of disease recurrence and secondary cancers, although symptom-related worry is associated with poorer health-related quality of life. This survey captured pediatric oncologists' beliefs and communication practices regarding symptom self-monitoring for childhood cancer survivors. METHODS: Using a closed-loop snowball sampling technique, pediatric oncologists completed an online survey regarding the importance of symptom self-monitoring for off-therapy patients, the degree to which symptom self-monitoring was perceived to cause stress and worry, and communication practices. RESULTS: 196 pediatric oncologists (White [78%]; female [64%]; Mage = 47 years) from every continent except Antarctica participated. Oncologists believed it is important for off-therapy patients to self-monitor for symptoms of cancer recurrence (90%) and treatment late effects (94%), although some noted that recurrence (30%) and late effects (55%) are typically detected by routine surveillance before symptoms appear. Oncologists varied in their beliefs that off-therapy patients do (31%) or do not (31%) worry unnecessarily about symptoms of recurrence. Two thirds (62%) of oncologists reported often/always discussing with off-therapy patients which symptoms could indicate cancer recurrence, whereas fewer than half (43%) often/always discussed which symptoms were unlikely to indicate recurrence. Oncologists identified a need for education regarding how to communicate around symptom self-monitoring and the potential utility of a screening tool to identify those who worry excessively. CONCLUSION: Despite nearly universal belief that their off-therapy patients should self-monitor for symptoms of disease recurrence and late effects, a substantial proportion of pediatric oncologists do not counsel patients on symptom self-monitoring. Since nearly one-third believe that off-therapy patients worry unnecessarily about symptoms of recurrence, improving patient education regarding which symptoms are and are not medically concerning could decrease stress and improve health-related quality of life for pediatric cancer survivors.
Perceptions of Transgender and Nonbinary Persons Toward Breast and Cervical Cancer Development, Screening, and Potential Impact on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Authors: Roznovjak David , Petroll Andrew E. , Lakatos Annie E.B. , Narayan Raj , Cortina Chandler S. 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE: Approximately 1.6% of adult Americans identify as transgender (TG) or nonbinary (NB) and many take gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT). Little data exist to inform breast and cervical cancer risks, gender-specific screening guidelines, and inclusive cancer treatment algorithms that consider GAHT. We aimed to assess TGNB persons' perceptions on breast and cervical cancer development, screening knowledge and practices, and attitude toward GAHT in the setting of a hormone receptor–positive breast cancer diagnosis. METHODS: This single-institution survey study was conducted through an LGBTQ+ focused clinic from 2021 to 2022. Noncisgender patients age ≥ 18 years who were English speaking were eligible to participate. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess concern of developing breast (all participants) and cervical cancer (those assigned female sex at birth). Demographic and quantitative variables were examined in comparison with responses via chi-squared tests. RESULTS: Eighty-six participants completed the survey: 43% TG men, 24% TG women, and 20% NB persons. Most (84.9%) were age < 40 years, and 86% were non-Hispanic White. The majority were unaware of breast (77%) or cervical (60%) cancer screening recommendations for their sex assigned at birth or their gender. Approximately 35% reported concern regarding breast cancer development and of those age > 40 years; only 50% had undergone screening mammography. Of those assigned female sex at birth with an intact cervix, 47% were concerned about cervical cancer development and 46.6% had a Papanicolaou smear within the past 5 years. Nearly all (87.2%) were on GAHT, and 35.1% reported they would not consider stopping GAHT if diagnosed with a hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. CONCLUSION: The findings support the need for patient and provider education on screening options and large prospective cohort data to elucidate optimal gender-specific screening guidelines and treatment algorithms. [Media: see text]
Direct Tableting on a Continuous Manufacturing Line—Impact of Mixing Parameters, Material Densities, and Drug Load on Subsequent Process Parameters and Tablet Quality
Authors: Kreiser Marius J. , Wabel Christoph , Wagner Karl G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe continuous manufacturing (CM) of solid oral dosage forms has received increased attention in recent years and has become a leading technology in the pharmaceutical industry. A model has been developed based on process data from two design of experiments (DoEs), where the impact of the mixer process parameters, throughput (THR), hold up mass (HUM), impeller speed (IMP), and the input raw material bulk density (BDi), on the continuous process and the resulting drug product has been investigated. These statistical models revealed equations, describing process parameter interactions for optimization purposes. For the exit valve opening width (EV) at the bottom of the continuous mixer (CMT), the combination of high throughput (30 kg/h) and low impeller speed (300 rpm) resulted in optimal process conditions. Apparent bulk density of the blend (BD) within the process, fill depth (FD), and tensile strength (TS) were mainly impacted by input bulk density (BDi) of the tableting mixture, emphasizing the role of material attributes on the continuous manufacturing process. The apparent bulk density itself was, other than from the input bulk density, equally dependent from THR and IMP in opposite deflections. However, process parameters (THR and IMP) revealed a minor impact on the apparent BD compared to the input bulk density. FD was impacted mainly by THR ahead of IMP and the TS by IMP and THR to a similar extend, in opposite deflections. A simplified linear model to estimate the input bulk density revealed satisfactory prediction quality when included in the derived statistical model equations.
Ruinous Speculation, Tunnel Environments, and the Sustainable Infrastructures of the Border
Authors: Llamas-Rodriguez Juan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe US-Mexico borderlands used to host a wide range of natural and social environments, many of which have become irreversibly altered by the structures built to reinforce geopolitical boundaries. To rethink the form and purpose of these borderlands is a political objective of utmost importance, yet most future thinking about the border has remained restricted to imagining new versions of border walls euphemistically rebranded as “sustainable” alternatives. This essay analyzes the limitations of popular design projects that effectively greenwash the securitization imperative of the nation-state. It then turns to a lesser-known speculative project that reimagines the borderlands from the perspective of underground tunnels through a multimedia model. The essay draws on the insights of critical environmental media studies to illustrate the affordances of specific media forms for articulating future worlds with a greater focus on care. This analysis proposes ruinous speculation as an affirmative form of future thinking that orients toward infrastructures that enable human and nonhuman worlds to thrive and away from infrastructures that reinforce the violent hierarchies of the geopolitical divide.
How Does Network Structure Impact Socially Reinforced Diffusion?
Authors: Sassine Jad Georges , Rahmandad Hazhir 
Published: February 2023

How does network structure impact the speed and reach of social contagions? The current view holds that random links facilitate “simple” contagion, but when agents require multiple reinforcements for “complex” adoption, clustered networks are better conduits of social influence. We show that in complex contagion, even low probabilities of adoption upon a single contact would activate an exponential contagion process that tilts the balance in favor of random networks. On the other hand, underappreciated but critical to the race between random and clustered networks is how long agents engage with contagion. Switching back to prior practice and the inactivation of senders and especially receivers shorten the window of engagement for convincing distant contacts and weaken the reach of diffusion on random networks. We propose a simplified framework where clustering primarily enables contagion when repetition matters and receivers lose interest quickly; otherwise, diffusion, simple or complex, is faster on random networks than clustered ones. These mechanisms can inform designing social networks, structuring groups, and seeding of ideas and innovations at a time when the increasing inflow of content from various media limits actors’ engagement with each item, whereas expanding network size and connections speeds up diffusion through distant contacts. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1658 .
Initiator-free photo-cross-linkable cellulose-based resists for fabricating submicron patterns via direct laser writing
Authors: Rothammer Maximilian , Meiers Dominic T. , Maier Maximilian , von Freymann Georg , Zollfrank Cordt 
Published: February 2023

Novel bifunctional cellulose diacetate derivatives were synthesized in order to achieve bio-based photoresists, which can be structured by two-photon absorption via direct laser writing (DLW) without the need to use a photoinitiator. Therefore, cellulose diacetate is functionalized with thiol moieties and olefinic or methacrylic side groups enabling thiol-conjugated cross-linking. These cellulose derivatives are also photo-cross-linkable via UV irradiation (λ=254nm and 365 nm) without using an initiator.
Variation of the Index of Refraction in Glasses Exposed to Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Englert Thad J. , Flohr Mark 
Published: February 2023

The attenuation of lightwaves propagating through optical fibers that have been exposed to ionizing radiation has been the subject of considerable experimental and theoretical investigation during the past few years.1
This attenuation has been attributed to the creation of color centers within the glass comprising the core and cladding of the fiber, these color centers generally being located at impurity sites.2 Very little effort has been reported dealing with any study of the effects on the index of refraction of the materials of the fiber as a result of radiation exposure however.
Image restoration in signal-dependent noise
Authors: Walkup John F. 
Published: February 2023

Image restoration problems are commonly complicated by the presence of signal-dependent noise (SDN) sources (e.g., film grain noise, photoelectronic shot noise, speckle). As a consequence, both optimal and suboptimal restoration techniques are frequently nonlinear. This paper presents a review of research on techniques for using SDN models in image processing. Topics discussed include
(1) noise source modeling;
(2) nonlinear optimal/suboptimal restoration in SDN;
(3) image recovery from SDN only;
(4) adaptive point restoration;
(5) restoration using a Markovian covariance model;
(6) robust restoration techniques; and
(7) restoration based on an initial transformation of SDN to SIN (signal-independent noise). Both analytical results and the results of computer simulations on various test images are presented.
InGaAs/InAlAs Multiquantum Well Photodetectors in the Mid-Infrared Band
Authors: Hasnain G. , Levine B. F. , Sivco D. L. , Cho A. Y. 
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate the first intersubband detectors in the 3-5 μm mid-infrared band using bound to continuum state absorption in InGaAs/InAlAs multiquantum well (MQW) structures. These detectors are background limited at temperatures below 120K with a

D

BL

*

=
2.3
×

10

10

cm

Hz

/
W

for a 180° field of view. Photo-detectors with broad spectral response peaked at 4 μm showed good optical gain, low dark current and high detectivity. A MQW structure consisting of 50-periods of 30 Å In0.53Ga0.47As quantum wells (doped n = 2×1018 cm-3) and 300 Å undoped In0.52Al0.48As barriers was grown by molecular beam epitaxy on Fe-doped InP substrates. The measured absorption spectrum of this sample at room temperature is peaked at 279 meV (λ = 4.44 µm) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 93 meV. We obtained the broad 33% linewidth covering the full 3-5 µm band by pushing the excited state higher up into the continuum. The noise measured in the MOW detectors is limited by the shot-noise of the dark current, which, for typical 200 µm mesa detectors, is determined by thermally assisted tunneling through the thick barriers. The peak detectivity of this 4 µm detector at 77K is thus

D
λ
*

=
1.5
×

10

12

cm

Hz

/
W

.
Bare and thin film-coated substrates with maximally flat reflectance vs angle of incidence curve for incident unpolarized light
Authors: Azzam R. M. A. , Alnajjar Abdalla M. 
Published: February 2023

For any optically isotropic bare or coated substrate the power reflectance R
v
(ϕ) is an even function, R
v
(–ϕ) = R
v
(ϕ), of the angle of incidence ϕ, hence all the odd-numbered derivatives

R
v

(
n
)

=

d
n

R
v

/

d
ϕ
n

are identically 0 at ϕ = 0, independent of the incident polarization v. For a bare substrate and incident unpolarized light (v = u), the second derivative

R
u

(
2
)

also, so that the flatness of the R
u
vs ϕ curve, from ϕ = 0 up to a large angle (>45°) is determined by the fourth derivative

R
u

(
4
)

. The condition that

R
u

(
4
)

=
0

gives the maximally flat response (MFR) and leads to a specific constraint between the real and imaginary parts, ϵ
r
and ϵ
i
, of the substrate complex dielectric function ϵ. This constraint is determined and the corresponding complex plane locus is presented. Examples of specific substrates with the MFR at specific wavelengths are given. Subsequently, the case of an arbitrary absorbing substrate which is coated by a transparent thin film is considered. The refractive index and thickness of the film that null

R
u

(
2
)

and

R
u

(
4
)

simultaneously are determined to achieve the MFR by the film-substrate system at a given wavelength.
Ultimate bandwidth limitations of quantum well lasers
Authors: LaCourse Joanne , Rideout W. , Sharfin W. , Vassell M. 
Published: February 2023

Most high frequency quantum well lasers reported so far have been limited either by insufficient power or by electrical parasitics, but this paper addresses the ultimate bandwidth limit, set by damping due to gain suppression:

f

max

=

8

π
l
k

, where k = Γ/fO2, where fO is the resonance frequency, and where Γ is the damping rate. This limit is ~30 GHz for bulk lasers but is highly variable for quantum well lasers. Estimated values range from 4 GHz (for 1-μm strained SQW lasers1) to 70 GHz (for 1.5μm strained MQW lasers2). Clearly it is important to understand the cause of this damping, not only for fundamental principles but also to guide the optimization of high frequency quantum well lasers.
Development and validity evidence for the intraprofessional conflict exercise: An assessment tool to support collaboration
Authors: Bajwa Nadia M. , Sader Julia , Kim Sara , Park Yoon Soo , Nendaz Mathieu R. , Bochatay Naïke 
Published: February 2023

Background
Effective collaboration is the foundation for delivering safe, high quality patient care. Health sciences curricula often include interprofessional collaboration training but may neglect conflicts that occur within a profession (intraprofessional). We describe the development of and validity evidence for an assessment of intraprofessional conflict management.

Methods and findings
We designed a 22-item assessment, the Intraprofessional Conflict Exercise, to evaluate skills in managing intraprofessional conflicts based on a literature review of conflict management. Using Messick’s validity framework, we collected evidence for content, response process, and internal structure during a simulated intraprofessional conflict from 2018 to 2019. We performed descriptive statistics, inter-rater reliability, Cronbach’s alpha, generalizability theory, and factor analysis to gather validity evidence. Two trained faculty examiners rated 82 trainees resulting in 164 observations. Inter-rater reliability was fair, weighted kappa of 0.33 (SE = 0.03). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.87. The generalizability study showed differentiation among trainees (19.7% person variance) and was highly reliable, G-coefficient 0.88, Phi-coefficient 0.88. The decision study predicted that using one rater would have high reliability, G-coefficient 0.80. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated three factors: communication skills, recognition of limits, and demonstration of respect for others. Based on qualitative observations, we found all items to be applicable, highly relevant, and helpful in identifying how trainees managed intraprofessional conflict.

Conclusions
The Intraprofessional Conflict Exercise provides a useful and reliable way to evaluate intraprofessional conflict management skills. It provides meaningful and actionable feedback to trainees and may help health educators in preparing trainees to manage intraprofessional conflict.