bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trojan Microparticles : A Composite Nanoparticle Delivery System
Authors: Shukla Shalu , Pandit Vinay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
In recent years, microparticulate systems have drawn growing attention as a viable strategy
for delivering cells, proteins, and medications to target areas. The Nanoparticles-in-Microparticles
System (NiMS) is a drug delivery method that combines nano- and microparticles to deliver medications
or genes to particular bodily regions with precision. A promising method for achieving dual or
multiple functions inside a formulation is the development of nanoparticle-in-microparticle systems
(NiMS). NiMS comprises a microparticle (M.P.) matrix and one or more nanoparticles (N.P.s). The
N.P.s can be designed to provide specific functionality, such as targeted drug delivery or imaging,
while the M.P. matrix can be tailored to provide sustained release or protect the N.P.s from degradation.
NiMS offer several advantages over traditional formulations, including the ability to control release
profiles and achieve site-specific delivery. By combining different types of N.P.s and M.P.s, it is
possible to create formulations that release drugs at different rates or with different kinetics, allowing
for tailored treatment regimens. Additionally, by lowering off-target effects and boosting efficacy, the
site-specific targeting offered by NiMS can enhance the therapeutic index of medications. Microparticles
are small, micron-sized particles that can be loaded with therapeutic agents and designed to deliver
them to specific tissues in the body. The pharmaceutical sector is developing microparticulate delivery
systems for oral, pulmonary, and cutaneous administration. For instance, a promising strategy
for treating respiratory conditions, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is the
development of inhalable microparticles (COPD). Moreover, the use of microparticles for topical drug
delivery is being studied, where they can be formulated into creams, gels, or patches for treating skin
disorders. The composition of microparticles is crucial for successful tissue regeneration because the
particles must be biocompatible and able to interact with the cells in the targeted tissue. In addition,
the size and shape of the particles can affect their behavior and how they interact with cells. Chemical
and biological sensors and devices, optical detectors, electronic components, and nanoscale production
depend on nanostructures because they offer unique properties, such as increased surface area and enhanced
reactivity, which can be exploited to create more efficient and effective devices.
Inappropriate Use of Proton Pump Inhibitor Among Elderly Patients in
British Columbia: What are the Long-term Adverse Events?
Authors: Ben-Eltriki Mohamed , Chhabra Manik , Cassels Alan , Wright James M. 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most used classes of drugs.
For most indications, PPIs are only recommended up to 8 weeks duration. However, PPI use continues
to expand. Regular and prolonged use of PPIs should be avoided because of the risk of adverse
events.

Objectives:
The main objective of this study was to (1) investigate the extent of PPI usage in
people aged 65 or older in the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, (2) provide an overview
of the harms associated with the long-term use of PPIs.

Methods:
We examined utilization trends of the PPIs in BC since the year 2009 using PharmaNet,
BC’s medication dispensing database where the information is accessible to community pharmacists.
We performed a comprehensive literature search for relevant reviews reporting harms associated
with long-term use of PPIs. A search was conducted from January 2014 to June 2022.

Results:
Between 2000 and 2018 BC’s population grew by 20%, but the use of PPIs escalated to
257%. Of these older British Columbians, 62% had a cumulative exposure exceeding 2 years and
42% exceeded 5 years. This is alarming because the recommended treatment duration is 4-12
weeks for common indications including reflux esophagitis, and duodenal and gastric ulcers. Only
13.5% were dispensed PPIs for 90 days or less. Patients on long-term PPI therapy should be reassessed.
Adverse events of PPI use are common among older adults. We identified over 217 systematic
reviews published during the last 8 years of specific harms associated with long-term daily
usage of PPIs. These harms include increased risks of death, cardiovascular disease, acute renal injury,
chronic kidney disease, dementia, fractures, hypomagnesemia, iron deficiency, vitamin
B12 deficiency, enteric infection (including C. difficile), pneumonia, and neoplasia (gastric cancer,
carcinoids, and colon cancer), and drug interactions.

Conclusion:
This study revealed a high prevalence of PPI use among elderly populations in BC,
Canada. The overutilization of PPIs is often a result of failure to re-evaluate the need for continuation
of therapy. Published studies identified signals of serious harm from long-term PPI exposure.
Healthcare providers with patients can reverse the relentless expansion of long-term PPI exposure
by discussing the expected benefits and potential harms.
Computational Methods for Functional Characterization of lncRNAS in
Human Diseases: A Focus on Co-Expression Networks
Authors: Jha Prabhash , Barbeiro Miguel , Lupieri Adrien , Aikawa Elena , Uchida Shizuka , Aikawa Masanori 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Treatment of many human diseases involves small-molecule drugs.Some target proteins,
however, are not druggable with traditional strategies. Innovative RNA-targeted therapeutics may overcome
such a challenge. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed RNAs that do not translate
into proteins. Their ability to interact with DNA, RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins makes
them an interesting target for regulating gene expression and signaling pathways.In the past decade, a
catalog of lncRNAs has been studied in several human diseases. One of the challenges with lncRNA
studies include their lack of coding potential, making, it difficult to characterize them in wet-lab experiments
functionally. Several computational tools have thus been designed to characterize functions of
lncRNAs centered around lncRNA interaction with proteins and RNA, especially miRNAs. This review
comprehensively summarizes the methods and tools for lncRNA-RNA interactions and lncRNA-protein
interaction prediction.We discuss the tools related to lncRNA interaction prediction using commonlyused
models: ensemble-based, machine-learning-based, molecular-docking and network-based computational
models. In biology, two or more genes co-expressed tend to have similar functions. Coexpression
network analysis is, therefore, one of the most widely-used methods for understanding the
function of lncRNAs. A major focus of our study is to compile literature related to the functional prediction
of lncRNAs in human diseases using co-expression network analysis. In summary, this article provides
relevant information on the use of appropriate computational tools for the functional characterization
of lncRNAs that help wet-lab researchers design mechanistic and functional experiments.
Insight into the Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Potent
Chemokine Receptor 5 Inhibitors for the Discovery of Novel Alzheimer’s
Disease Drugs
Authors: Mohamed Yusof Nur Intan Saidaah , Awaluddin Nor Atirah , Fauzi Fazlin Mohd 
Published: July 2023

Background:
In Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), chemokines recruit pro-inflammatory mediators
and increase the aggregation of both Aβ (amyloid-β) plaque and neurofibrillary tangles
(NFTs). Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) has been demonstrated to be involved in neuroinflammation
and neuroimmunology, where its inhibition was shown to enhance memory, plasticity and
learning.

Objective:
In this study, compounds that inhibit CCR5 obtained from the ChEMBL database were
analysed, specifically for whether specific substructures and physicochemical properties are correlated
to biological activity.

Methods:
Clustering was first performed to group 1,237 compounds into 10 clusters based on the
similarities of their structure. Then, molecular docking was performed on 10 compounds representative
of each cluster. Lastly, the Spearman correlation was computed between physicochemical
properties and biological activity.

Results:
Results showed that potent CCR5 inhibitors tend to: (i) be larger in size (molecular
weight of more than 500 g/mol), (ii) bind at the deep hydrophobic pocket, mostly through π-π
stacking and (iii) have more than 1 aromatic ring. The larger size may aid in reaching the deep hydrophobic
pocket. However, these requirements may lead to the violation of more than 1
Lipinski’s Rule of 5.

Conclusion:
Future studies should include analyses of the analogues or derivatives of the representative
compounds to further expand on the findings here and establish the structure-activity relationship
for CCR5 inhibition. This would aid in the development of new AD drugs since drug
discovery and development of AD drugs are suffering from high attrition.
Present Situation and Future Prospects of Motor Cooling System
Authors: Hou Jinting , Xie Baocheng 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The motor cooling system is mainly used in aerospace, automotive, and marine fields, where the motor system is cooled to extend the service life and safety of the motor. The running power of motors rises too fast, which leads to the failure of heat dissipation as expected and shortens the service life of motors. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an appropriate cooling mode for motors to improve their cooling structure, reduce their temperature rise, and improve their reliability and service life. The internal motor cooling system can perform fixed-point heat dissipation, but the overall heat dissipation is poor. The external motor cooling system can perform overall heat dissipation but has high requirements on the structure. Over the years, the application and development of motor cooling systems have gained more and more attention.

Objective:
This paper discusses the structural characteristics, advantages, and development trends of the motor cooling system in order to reduce the temperature rise of the motor and improve its reliability and service life. This paper aims to provide an overview and systematic guidance for future designs of the motor cooling system.

Methods:
According to the structural characteristics of the motor cooling system and the requirements of the motor application field, the most typical internal cooling system and external cooling system in the motor cooling system are summarized.

Results:
By analyzing the causes and hazards of motor heating, the limited requirements of the motor system in use are summarized. The motor system is classified and compared based on the structure, heat dissipation principle, and use of the motor heat dissipation system. The characteristics of small volume and strong heat dissipation ability are also summarized. Based on the analysis of the internal and external cooling system, the problems of complex structure and poor cooling effect are summarized, and the future development trend and direction of the motor cooling system are discussed in detail.

Conclusion:
This paper divides the motor cooling system into an internal cooling system and an external cooling system according to the specifications and operating environment. This paper expounds on internal and external cooling systems' different principles, advantages, and disadvantages. This paper summarizes the cooling systems in recent years in order to facilitate their subsequent development and use. The main components of additional patents for future inventions are motor cooling systems, innovation in structure simplification, and cost performance optimization.
Review of Patents Analysis on Floor Robot Vacuum
Authors: Jianying Li , Yaqian Wang , Yuru Zhou , Aokun Wei 
Published: July 2023

Background:
As the pace of life gets faster, and with the development and progress of society and the continuous improvement of people's pursuit of a convenient and comfortable life, it has become a growing desire for people to get rid of tedious housework. Hygienic automatic cleaning has also become the main demand of people.

Objective:
Through review, analysis, and discussion of the patents on existing floor robot vacuums, it is expected to find out the development process and main outcomes, along with the main technologies involved, and provide a valuable prediction basis for future research and development directions.

Methods:
This study aimed to summarize a number of representative patents related to floor robot vacuums and their main components and analyze them in depth to study their technical points and development laws.

Results:
By summarizing a large number of patents on floor robot vacuums and further analyzing and comparing the characteristics of the patents, the future development trend of floor robot vacuums was further discussed.

Conclusion:
Through a detailed analysis of the mechanical structure, intelligent control technology, and sensor technology of the existing floor robot vacuums as a whole and the main work unit, this study discussed the ideas and methods of improving the new floor robot vacuum, which is of great significance to its operation and more convenient and intelligent.
Hand-in-glove Effect of Piperine in Anti-cancer Formulations
Authors: Kumar Jatin , Kriplani Priyanka , Guarve Kumar 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Piperine, an active constituent isolated from Piper nigrum, Piper chaba, Piper sarmentosum, Piper guineense and Piper longum which is used to cure a variety of ailments related to lung, stomach, colon, skin etc. like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, ulcerative colitis, cancer, arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes etc.

Objective:
The objective of the review is to study the synergistic effect of piperine specially in cancer.

Methods:
Patents and current literature mainly emphasizing the synergistic effect of piperine along with other drugs, especially anticancer drugs was reviewed keeping in mind the scientific novelty and impact.

Results:
Several synergistic combinations of piperine were explored which can be beneficial for the pharmaceutical industry.

Conclusion:
This review will assist the researchers in the preparation of novel formulations with improved efficacy cutting the cost of developing new drug molecules.
Development and Testing of a Data Capture Device for Use With Clinical Incentive Spirometers: Testing and Usability Study
Authors: Burns Michael L , Sinha Anik , Hoffmann Alexander , Wu Zewen , Medina Inchauste Tomas , Retsky Aaron , Chesney David , Kheterpal Sachin , Shah Nirav 
Published: July 2023

Background
The incentive spirometer is a basic and common medical device from which electronic health care data cannot be directly collected. As a result, despite numerous studies investigating clinical use, there remains little consensus on optimal device use and sparse evidence supporting its intended benefits such as prevention of postoperative respiratory complications.

Objective
The aim of the study is to develop and test an add-on hardware device for data capture of the incentive spirometer.

Methods
An add-on device was designed, built, and tested using reflective optical sensors to identify the real-time location of the volume piston and flow bobbin of a common incentive spirometer. Investigators manually tested sensor level accuracies and triggering range calibrations using a digital flowmeter. A valid breath classification algorithm was created and tested to determine valid from invalid breath attempts. To assess real-time use, a video game was developed using the incentive spirometer and add-on device as a controller using the Apple iPad.

Results
In user testing, sensor locations were captured at an accuracy of 99% (SD 1.4%) for volume and 100% accuracy for flow. Median and average volumes were within 7.5% (SD 6%) of target volume sensor levels, and maximum sensor triggering values seldom exceeded intended sensor levels, showing a good correlation to placement on 2 similar but distinct incentive spirometer designs. The breath classification algorithm displayed a 100% sensitivity and a 99% specificity on user testing, and the device operated as a video game controller in real time without noticeable interference or delay.

Conclusions
An effective and reusable add-on device for the incentive spirometer was created to allow the collection of previously inaccessible incentive spirometer data and demonstrate Internet-of-Things use on a common hospital device. This design showed high sensor accuracies and the ability to use data in real-time applications, showing promise in the ability to capture currently inaccessible clinical data. Further use of this device could facilitate improved research into the incentive spirometer to improve adoption, incentivize adherence, and investigate the clinical effectiveness to help guide clinical care.
Stakeholder Perspectives on Factors Related to Deprescribing Potentially Inappropriate Medications in Older Adults Receiving Dialysis
Authors: Hall Rasheeda K. , Rutledge Jeanette , Lucas Anika , Liu Christine K. , Clair Russell Jennifer St. , Peter Wendy St. , Fish Laura J. , Colón-Emeric Cathleen 
Published: July 2023

Background
Potentially inappropriate medications, or medications that generally carry more risk of harm than benefit in older adults, are commonly prescribed to older adults receiving dialysis. Deprescribing, a systematic approach to reducing or stopping a medication, is a potential solution to limit potentially inappropriate medications use. Our objective was to identify clinicians and patient perspectives on factors related to deprescribing to inform design of a deprescribing program for dialysis clinics.

Methods
We conducted rapid qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews and focus groups with clinicians (dialysis clinicians, primary care providers, and pharmacists) and patients (adults receiving hemodialysis aged 65 years or older and those aged 55–64 years who were prefrail or frail) from March 2019 to December 2020.

Results
We interviewed 76 participants (53 clinicians [eight focus groups and 11 interviews] and 23 patients). Among clinicians, 24 worked in dialysis clinics, 18 worked in primary care, and 11 were pharmacists. Among patients, 13 (56%) were aged 65 years or older, 14 (61%) were Black race, and 16 (70%) reported taking at least one potentially inappropriate medication. We identified four themes (and corresponding subthemes) of contextual factors related to deprescribing potentially inappropriate medications: (1) system-level barriers to deprescribing (limited electronic medical record interoperability, time constraints and competing priorities), (2) undefined comanagement among clinicians (unclear role delineation, clinician caution about prescriber boundaries), (3) limited knowledge about potentially inappropriate medications (knowledge limitations among clinicians and patients), and (4) patients prioritize symptom control over potential harm (clinicians expect resistance to deprescribing, patient weigh risks and benefits).

Conclusions
Challenges to integration of deprescribing into dialysis clinics included siloed health systems, time constraints, comanagement behaviors, and clinician and patient knowledge and attitudes toward deprescribing.
Pengembangan Kreativitas Bahasa Inggris dan Literasi Digital melalui Program Fun English untuk Peserta Didik Rusunawa Pangkalpinang
Authors: Sigalingging Bob Morison , Bowo Tri Arie , Lubis Donal Fernado 
Published: July 2023

RUSUNAWA (Rumah Susun Sederhana Sewa) Pangkalpinang merupakan sarana perumahan yang disediakan oleh negara khususnya bagi masyarakat berpenghasilan rendah. Mata pencaharian dan latar belakang sosial keluarga memberikan dampak yang cukup signifikan bagi perkembangan kognitif siswa tingkat pendidikan dasar. Tujuan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) yang dilaksanakan oleh tim PkM Program Studi Sastra Inggris Universitas Bangka Belitung adalah menghadirkan wadah akselerasi kemampuan literasi peserta didik, baik dalam menguasai platform pembelajaran maupun dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif ketika berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa Inggris. Kedua variabel ini dikemas dalam satu kegiatan terstruktur yang diwujudkan dalam satu visi, yakni “Pelita”, Peningkatan Literasi. Dalam penerapannya, konsep “Fun English” menjadi pilihan tim sebagai strategi untuk mencapai penguatan literasi bahasa Inggris. Selain itu, pemahaman akan literasi digital disampaikan dalam bentuk video animasi. Hasil yang dicapai, dikaji secara kualitatif, menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan yang diaplikasikan memberi dampak positif dalam bentuk antusiasme peserta didik saat mengekspresikan atmosfer pembelajaran yang aktif dan menyenangkan sehingga mampu mengubah persepsi peserta didik terhadap sulitnya pelajaran bahasa Inggris. Tidak hanya itu, pemahaman akan penggunaan aplikasi untuk proses belajar dapat diserap dengan baik melalui video animasi yang diciptakan sedemikian rupa.
Keywords: aplikasi, Fun English, literasi, pembelajaran, peserta didik, Rusunawa
Effects of Smoking on Serum Ferritin levels in adult population living in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Hadi Jihad M. , Shawkat Shanya B. , Rauf Hwda Gh. , Karim Soma A. Hama , Mustafa Ayman M. , Muhammad Soz N. , Abdullah Mhamad S. 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: The current study aims to examines the effect of smoking on serum ferritin levels of adult populations in Sulaymaniyah.
Methods: The study was conducted on 80 smokers and 20 non-smokers, totally 100 persons. Their ages ranged from 18 to 65 years.
Results: This study showed that the majority of smokers had elevated ferritin levels. A p-value of less than 0.05 indicated a significant difference in ferritin levels between smokers and non-smokers groups. The average ferritin level among smoker group was 227.40 mg/L, while the average ferritin level among non-smokers group was 118.3 mg/L. Regarding the associated between age groups and average ferritin levels, the average ferritin level is highest in the age groups between 51-61 years old. In addition, obesity may play a role in raising ferritin levels, people with obese conditions (BMI > 30) have the highest average ferritin levels than others.
Conclusion: This study provides evidence that smoking negatively affect serum ferritin levels, since increases in mean ferritin levels are very striking in smoking and obese group.
FRIDAY PRAYER FOR THE PEOPLE WHO DO NOT GET RUKUK WITH THE IMAM IN THE SECOND RAKAAT
Authors: Zakiya Cut Intan 
Published: July 2023

The Friday prayers must perform in the jamaah (congregation), so it is not valid if someone does not get the jamaah, but ulemas differ on the criteria of it. According to Hanafi scholars, a person is considered in congregation prayer, even if only at the end of the Friday prayer. Meanwhile, according to the ulemas of the al-Syafi'ī school, a person is considered in the congregation if he has time to bow with the imam in the second rak'ah. The author examines the opinions and istinbat methods used by these two schools of thought with a comparative approach. It found that these two schools used the lughawiyyah method of istinbat, but the Hanafi school also used the causation method (ta'līlī). Each school adheres to the Hadith but differs in the editorial and transmission lines so that different interpretations. On the other hand, the Hanafi school of thought performs the qiyās of the Friday prayer with the traveler's prayer, that is, from the point of view of participating in the prayer of the imam together.