bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality assuring an ethical education curriculum for schools in Ireland
Authors: O’Brien Shivaun , O’Hara John , McNamara Gerry , O’Hara Joe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe growth of multidenominational schools internationally has led to a greater emphasis on the provision of ethical education curricula in many countries as opposed to the more traditional provision of denominational instruction. One of the main providers of multidenominational schools in Ireland is Educate Together, an organisation which currently serves as a patron body for 95 primary and 19 s level schools, catering to over 30,000 students. In the early years of the 21st century, Educate Together introduced the Learn Together ethical education curriculum for its primary schools as a key component of the Educate Together model. This curriculum encourages students to meaningfully and critically reflect upon the world around them and focuses on questions of equality, justice, sustainability and active citizenship. While guidance documents, resources and professional development for teachers were provided to schools to support the delivery of the ethical education curriculum, until recently there was no established approach to its quality assurance. It is within this context that Educate Together developed a Quality Framework for its ethos, a key aspect of which is the ethical education curriculum entitled Learn Together. This involved the development of quality standards, and statements of effective practice for ethos, and the development of an internal school self-evaluation process. This research paper explores the development of the quality framework, and the self-evaluation process used by six schools in order to evaluate the delivery of their ethical education curriculum. Documentary analysis of key evaluation documentation from each of the participating schools was used to explore the practices utilised by schools in the delivery of the ethical education curriculum; the challenges schools identified and the improvements schools planned to implement in order to improve the delivery of the ethical education curriculum. The research highlights the multiple challenges in administering and providing an ethical education while also demonstrating the effectiveness of the school self-evaluation process in identifying and addressing these challenges.
Making Demands on Government: Theorizing Determinants of Backyard Residents’ Collective Action in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Harris Adam S. , Scheba Andreas , Rice Louis 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInformality is growing with Africa’s rapid urbanization. Much like residents of other types of informal housing, backyard dwellers face overall poor living conditions and political marginalization. However, backyard residents are in an ambiguous legal area and have been far less politically active and organized to pursue their rights to adequate housing. Using a qualitative case study of backyard residents in three Cape Town neighborhoods, Harris, Scheba, and Rice bridge theories of infrastructural citizenship and collective action to shed light on how informality may undermine collective action, and they identify four factors influencing collective action.
The Covid 19 Exogenous Shock and the Crafting of New Multilateral Trade Rules on Subsidies and State Enterprises in the Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Borlini Leonardo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis Article discusses existing WTO rules on subsidies and state enterprises, relevant caselaw and reform prospects in light of key geopolitical developments and changes in the global economy emerging in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic. Following a general introduction, the Article critically analyzes present WTO rules on industrial subsidies, focusing inter alia on the new problems raised by activist industrial policies pursued by global trading powers, foreign subsidization, the climate change shock and environmental exigencies. It then shifts attention to the application of WTO rules on subsidies to the state sector and the increasing demands for new international trade rules on non-subsidies measures to address the negative spillover effects on trade from government influence on state-owned enterprises (SOEs). With respect to each of these matters, the Article first clarifies the terms of the problem in relation to existing WTO rules and caselaw, and next examines the question of how, and to what extent, “deeper” free trade agreements (FTAs)—those that experts designate as models for WTO reforms on the matter—establish new rules that permit to adequately address the trade concerns raised by SOEs’ commercial and financial activities. Based on this multi-layered analysis, the article concludes by examining prospects of reform of WTO rules on state interventionism.
The EU Trade Agenda—Rules on State Intervention in the Market
Authors: Boschiero Nerina , Silingardi Stefano 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis Article critically analyzes the main legal and policy issues that are likely to determine the development of the EU’s trade policy concerning rules on State intervention in the market, specifically on subsidies and SOEs. The article assesses the aforementioned issue especially within the context of the new trade strategy entitled “An Open, Sustainable and Assertive Trade Policy” set out by the European Commission in February 2021, at the core of which stands the concept of strategic autonomy. The focus of our analysis is on key elements of the current EU competition and trade policies and normative initiatives, namely: the relaxation of the usual State aid regime under Articles 107 and 108 TFEU to give Member States more flexibility in supporting their economies and strengthen EU industrial policy; the likelihood of EU proposals resulting in any substantial change to international trade law on subsidies and SOEs at the multilateral (WTO) level; a systemic horizontal investigation into the relevant trade rules promoted by the EU in its most recent practice of PTAs; and, finally, the EU pursuing stronger protection of its companies with its recently announced new regulation on foreign subsidies, on the basis of which the European Commission can investigate foreign subsidies and impose remedies. Even though, at first sight, it may seem that the current evolution of the EU trade policy on these issues seems inconsistent, the Article argues that the unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral approaches are indeed strictly intertwined, and they reveal a significant shift in the most recent EU trade policy objective in relation to the role of State in the market.
On the eve of ecological transition? The failed institutionalization of sustainable development in Italy (1992–2020)
Authors: Pizzimenti Eugenio , Di Giulio Marco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) adopted in 2021 by the Italian government is explicitly committed to push the country towards a ‘radical ecological transition’ and sustainable development. However, the institutionalization of the paradigm of sustainable development, in Italy, is a story of a failure. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the hows and whys that may help explaining the failed institutionalization of the paradigm. By combining an ideational approach with a political system perspective, our empirical investigation analyses the initiatives promoted by Italian national governments, by covering a time span of over 20 years (1992–2020). Thick historical description and process tracing are used to provide an in-depth reconstruction of the process. Our results show that adverse combinations of factors of a cognitive, institutional and political nature have hindered the adoption of substantive policy outcomes, thus leading the institutionalization of the paradigm along a disjointed path.
The Anti-Kurdish Thoughts of ISIS
Authors: Mustafa Mohammad Salih , Darwesh Abdulrahman Karim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores the ideological motivations for ISIS's prejudice against the Kurds. From the group's inception, ISIS has rejected any kind of understanding of Islam but its own. However, its animosity toward Kurds has its own purpose and foundations, separate from its religious dogmas. The aim of this article is to study the reasons behind its fundamental aversion toward the Kurds. An analysis of the literature of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), and particularly their interpretation of the Qurʾan and of Islamic prophetic traditions and history, demonstrates such a clear prejudice toward the Kurds, that no honest researcher can deny the vehemence of the group's hatred of the Kurds and their nationalist ideology. This animus explains, at least in part, why ISIS promulgated such a virulent anti-Kurdish ideology and recruited fighters to invade Kurdish lands. This study examines the ideological motives behind the group's behavior toward the Kurds. The article's hypothesis is that the Arab extremists that filled the ranks of ISIS, whether they came from secular nationalist, jihadist, or even moderate Islamist backgrounds, shared an antipathy against the Kurdish people that was deeply rooted in pro-Arab nationalistic sentiment. Below, the article looks at the deadly combination of Baʿthist ideology, which had previously led to genocidal campaigns against Kurds under Saddam Hussein, with the religious extremism of ISIS. A qualitative research method of discourse analysis is used to shed light on the ideological roots of ISIS's antagonism against Kurds. Kurdish-studies researchers will benefit from this study, as well as security, counter-terrorism, and Middle Eastern researchers and students.
The changing scene of structural airworthiness
Authors: Heath W. G. 
Published: March 2023

‘Now here, you see, it takes all the running you can do to keep in the same place’Lewis Carroll:Through the Looking GlassThere are many examples in his two Alice books where Lewis Carroll, perhaps unwittingly, provides analogies with the world of reality. The lines quoted above are often used to portray the rapidly changing scenario in which we struggle to maintain the status quo of our social and political lives. The same is true in the world of structures: the scenario continually shifts as we discover new hazards which threaten our products. Aircraft speeds have increased, operators have demanded longer service lives, new materials have been introduced with their own susceptibilities, and so we must develop more comprehensive design requirements and better design techniques to ensure that each new aircraft maintains the existing standards of airworthiness—or at least the standards we imagine to exist.
Some university experiences of aircraft simulator research
Authors: Chapleo A. Q. 
Published: March 2023

My department's involvement in flight simulation started in the early 1960s under Professor Stephens. At that time, and even more so subsequently, what I think is an unusually high proportion of our staff had previous experience either as pilots, or in flight testing. Since 1965 we have operated our own light aircraft, primarily for flight test work at undergraduate level. In addition our links with the University Air Squadron are strong and the number of our students who are members is also exceptional. Every project described here, apart from one, was done by a pilot, or ex-pilot.Our first project, for a PhD, was somewhat exploratory in nature, consisting as it did of three largely unrelated investigations. The first of these, suggested by two accidents involving aircraft on ground controlled approaches (GCA), was tackled using a fixed-base simulator consisting of a spring-loaded pitch control and throttle, and the usual flight instruments, all under a hood. I should explain that the GCA, particularly favoured by the military as an approach technique, consists of precision ground radar giving information of azimuth and elevation relative to the desired line of approach, to a ground controller. The ground controller then passes instructions to the pilot such as: ‘You are 30 ft below the glidepath. Adjust your rate of descent and turn left three degrees.’
Recent developments in helicopter noise reduction
Authors: Sternfeld Harry 
Published: March 2023

The helicopter industry has been experiencing a dramatic conversion from a market which was almost completely dominated by the military, to one in which the civil customer is playing an ever increasing role. As part of this change there is an increasing demand for vehicles whose interior noise levels are substantially lower than those of their predecessors.One of the most significant recent events in the area of helicopter noise has been an impending regulatory action, rather than a technological breakthrough. This action is the development of helicopter noise standards which are currently being considered simultaneously by the International Congress of Aeronautical Organisation's (ICAO) and by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) in the United States. Up to the present time the specification of external noise limits, if any, were either made by individual customers, based on a particular need, or by the designer and manufacturer who might try to forecast how noisy the aircraft could be and still meet market requirements. It is highly probable that the effect of the new standards will be to require future helicopters to be substantially quieter than many of the current models.
The future of data processing in aerospace
Authors: Mueller George E. 
Published: March 2023

Future developments and trends in the data processing industry will have an earlier and stronger impact on aerospace than upon any other segment of industry. The use of data processing by aerospace in scientific, administrative and automation applications typically precedes and anticipates that of society and industry at large. My discussion, therefore, will focus on the total use of data processing and its technologies in our industrial-based societies. First, I will present an overview of data processing in terms of usage and dollars, then look at the world of computers a decade hence from a user's and administrator's point of view. Then I will offer a view of that world of computers from a technologist's point of view, and finally, discuss the impact of such a scenario on our society.The term data processing industry, as I will use it, includes all those who are involved in providing data processing capabilities: equipment and software manufacturers, programming and operations staffs of user installations, professional data processing organisations, and university and research computer science groups. In short, those who design and produce our computer-based systems and services.
Safety aspects of the aerial application of pesticides
Authors: Quantick H. R. 
Published: March 2023

Pesticides help to protect man, plants, animals, structures and various goods from injury, disease or destruction. They maintain and improve our food supply and public health. In some cases, actual economic survival is dependent upon these chemicals.Although biological and integrated control play an important role in our overall control of pests, we must still rely, to a large extent, upon chemicals to control or suppress the majority of pests. Although there are other methods of controlling insects and pests by biological and physical means, the object is to prevent pest damage of economic significance by the most compatible, acceptable, efficient and economic method.At the present time, this means chemicals, and in many cases, the rapid application to match an insect invasion, a vector-borne disease outbreak or application in inaccessable areas requires aircraft to apply them.
Inventing the ‘Maritime Silk Road’
Authors: Sen Tansen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough inspired by the nineteenth-century term ‘Silk Road(s)’, the phrase ‘Maritime Silk Road’ has its own origins, connotations, and applications. This article examines the emergence of the latter term as a China-centric concept and its various entanglements since the early 1980s, involving the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) political bodies, academia, the ‘open door’ policy, the pursuit of World Heritage listings, and the current ‘Belt and Road Initiative’. These entanglements, the article contends, have resulted in the emergence of what could be called a ‘Maritime Silk Road’ ecosystem in the PRC. The analysis of this ecosystem presented in the article reveals not only the processes through which a narrative on China’s engagement with the maritime world has been constructed over time, but also its association with issues of national pride, heritage- and tradition-making, foreign-policy objectives, and claims to territorial sovereignty. As such, the ‘Maritime Silk Road’ must be understood as a concept that is intimately entwined with the recent history of the PRC and distinct from its nineteenth-century antecedent, which was used as a label for overland connectivity.
Commemorating the Virgin Mary at Barking Abbey: Cambridge, University Library, Dd.12.56
Authors: YARDLEY ANNE BAGNALL 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the unusual commemorative Office of the Virgin from Barking Abbey in a fifteenth-century book of hours, Cambridge, University Library, Dd.12.56 (hereafter Dd.12.56). As already evident in the Barking Ordinal, the nuns of this Abbey venerated Mary, one of their patron saints, with a weekly full three-nocturn, twelve-lesson Matins service. Dd.12.56, however, has only recently been linked to Barking Abbey and drawing on new material in this manuscript in correlation with others from the Abbey, I argue that the Barking nuns compiled a unique series of readings and responsories to honour Mary. The progression through the three nocturns of Matins articulates a Marian theology that intersects with the nuns’ self-understanding and I demonstrate that they carefully crafted the lesser hours to highlight specific times of day and to complement Marian hymns sung at Barking. The accepted belief that books of hours were for personal devotion obscures the possibility that such books reflect communal liturgical practices, potentially serving multiple purposes within a monastic setting. Although Dd.12.56 dates from the fifteenth century, it may testify to a much older liturgical practice, which originated in the twelfth century when the three-nocturn format was still prevalent in Benedictine use and before it was largely replaced by a two-nocturn format in the thirteenth century. Benedictine tradition offered individual monastic houses the opportunity to craft this service. Dd.12.56 stands as a new and important testimony to the rich and imaginative ways in which the Barking community created, collated and curated materials that they steeped in their minds and hearts.
CANONICITY IN POWER AND MODAL LOGICS OF FINITE ACHRONAL WIDTH
Authors: GOLDBLATT ROBERT , HODKINSON IAN 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe develop a method for showing that various modal logics that are valid in their countably generated canonical Kripke frames must also be valid in their uncountably generated ones. This is applied to many systems, including the logics of finite width, and a broader class of multimodal logics of ‘finite achronal width’ that are introduced here.
Subclinical vascular damage in Schistosoma spp. endemic	regions
Authors: Silvestri Valeria , Mshana Mwanahawa Idavas , Mushi Vivian , Bonaventura Witness M. , Justine Nyanda C. , Kinabo Clemence , Zacharia Abdallah , La Torre Giuseppe , Ngasala Billy 
Published: March 2023

Summary: Background: Cardiovascular abnormalities have been described in patients with schistosomiasis. Their true prevalence and clinical features in endemic settings are unknown. Patients and methods: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular damage in a population endemic to schistosomiasis. A cross-sectional study was conducted using colour-ultrasound assessment of abdominal and carotid arteries among adults aged >18 years living in Kome Island, Tanzania. Carotid intimal medial thickness, carotid plaque, mean abdominal aortic diameter, and presence of aneurysms were assessed. Anamnestic data on previous Schistosoma infection was collected; the actual prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium was also assessed through stool and urine investigations. Results: A total of 264 participants (166 female, 98 male) were enrolled (mean age of 50±15.5 years). The history of previous schistosomiasis was 27.3%, and actual positivity for Schistosoma mansoni was 5.9%. The Latero-lateral Abdominal Aortic Diameter was significantly increased among participants with a previous history of schistosomiasis (16.7±2.8 mm vs. 17.6±3 mm; p=0.02), with an aOR of 1.15 [CI 1.04–1.28]; p=0.007]. Conclusions: The significant difference in the Latero-lateral Abdominal Aortic Diameter in participants with a previous history of schistosomiasis suggests the need for further investigations on aortic damage in endemic populations, independently from the positive laboratory investigations.
The Urban Lightning Effect Revealed With Geostationary Lightning Mapper Observations
Authors: Burke J. D. , Shepherd Marshall 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the Charlotte, North Carolina, to Atlanta, Georgia, megaregion (Charlanta), the Atlanta metropolitan area has been shown to augment proximal cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning occurrence. Although numerous studies have documented this “urban lightning effect” (ULE) with regard to CG lightning, relatively few have investigated urban effects on distributions of total lightning (TL). Moreover, there has yet to be a study of the ULE using TL observations from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). In an effort to fill this gap, we investigated spatial distributions of TL around the cities of Atlanta, GA, Greenville, SC, and Charlotte, NC, using GLM data collected during the warm seasons of 2018–2021. Analyses reveal augmentation of TL intensity and frequency over the major cities of Atlanta and Charlotte, with a diminished urban signal over the smaller city of Greenville. This work also demonstrated the potential efficacy of the emerging satellite‐based TL climatology in ULE studies.
Quaternary Magnetic Stratigraphy of Deep‐Sea Sediments in the Western North Pacific: Influences of Paleomagnetic Recording Efficiency and Lock‐In Delay
Authors: Shin Ji Young , Kim Wonnyon , Seong Yeong‐Bae , Chang Liao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnderstanding past environmental changes in the western North Pacific is rather limited due to the general paucity of robust chronology for carbonate‐lacking pelagic clay sediments. Here, we present a new magnetostratigraphy of Quaternary deep‐sea sediments in the northern Mariana Basin. A comprehensive set of paleomagnetic, rock magnetic, and microscopic results reveal that paleomagnetic signals are mainly carried by detrital magnetic minerals of Asian eolian dust and volcanic origins. The volcanic materials, most likely from the Mariana Arc, are characterized by low coercivity (∼30 mT) interacting single domain (SD) and pseudo‐SD grains, associated with abundant dendritic magnetic crystals/inclusions. This volcanic component is a suitable remanence carrier but is less efficient in recording geomagnetic intensity than the higher coercivity eolian component. The relative paleointensity record derived with minimum rock magnetic artifacts shows comparable patterns with global templates. At the Matuyama‐Brunhes transition, a ∼2‐cm remanence lock‐in depth offset is identified from beryllium isotope records, and the estimated magnetostratigraphic age delay is small (∼8 kyr). Our results provide an improved understanding of remanence recording processes in carbonate‐poor deep‐sea clays and demonstrate magnetic stratigraphy as a valuable chronology in the western North Pacific region.