bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen fractionation in ammonia and its insights into nitrogen chemistry
Authors: Redaelli E. , Bizzocchi L. , Caselli P. , Pineda J. E. 
Published: June 2023

Context. Observations of the nitrogen isotopic ratio 14N/15N in the interstellar medium are becoming more frequent thanks to increased telescope capabilities. However, interpreting these data is still puzzling. In particular, measurements of 14N/15N in diazenylium have revealed high levels of anti-fractionation in cold cores, which is challenging to explain.
Aims. By using astrophysical simulations coupled with a gas-grain chemical code, it has been suggested that the 15N-depletion in prestellar cores could be inherited from the initial stages, when 14N15N is selectively photodissociated and 15N atoms deplete onto the dust grain, forming ammonia ices. Our aim is to test this hypothesis.
Methods. We targeted three sources (the prestellar core L1544, the protostellar envelope IRAS4A, and the shocked region L1157-B1) with distinct degrees of desorption or sputtering of the ammonia ices. We observed the ammonia isotopologues with the Green Bank Telescope, and we inferred the ammonia 14N/15N via spectral fitting of the observed inversion transitions.
Results.15NH3 (1,1) is detected in L1544 and IRAS4A, whilst only upper limits are deduced in L1157-B1. The NH3 isotopic ratio is significantly lower towards the protostar (14N/15N = 210 ± 50) than at the centre of L1544 (14N/15N = 390 ± 40), where it is consistent with the elemental value. We also present the first spatially resolved map of NH3 nitrogen isotopic ratio towards L1544.
Conclusions. Our results are in agreement with the hypothesis that ammonia ices are enriched in 15N, leading to a decrease in the 14N/15N ratio when the ices are sublimated back into the gas phase for instance due to the temperature rise in protostellar envelopes. The ammonia 14N/15N value at the centre of L1544 is a factor of 2 lower than that of N2H+, which can be explained if a significant fraction of nitrogen remains in atomic form and if the ammonia formed on the dust grains is released in the gas phase via non-thermal desorption.
The Roles of Surfactant in Tribology Applications of Recent Technology; an overview
Authors: Adetunla Adedotun , Afolalu Sunday , Jen Tien-Chien , Ogundana Ayodele 
Published: June 2023

In managing friction, wear, and lubricant qualities such as emulsification, demulsification, bio resistance, oxidation resistance, rust prevention, and corrosion resistance, surfactants play a crucial role in tribology. This is an important topic for the development of new materials and gadgets, particularly those created at the Nano-scale. The tribological characteristics of cutting fluids, lubricant performance in relation to steel surfaces, bio lubricants, and novel materials and approaches to friction and wear reduction will all be covered in this most recent edition.
Numerous industries place a high priority on surface science and tribology. Almost all consumer and industrial products are manufactured and used with the aid of sophisticated surface and tribological knowledge.Amphiphilic molecules are those that function as surface-active agents or surfactants. Their tails are hydrophobic while their heads are polar, or hydrophilic. They are dispersible in both water and organic solvents. This article introduces surfactants' nature and physical traits with a focus on their importance in modern science and technology. The primary property of surfactant molecules is the ability to self-assemble into micelles, which gives us a way to apply surfactants. The study of the surfactants results in a number of practical application areas, including food, health and personal care goods, biological systems, mineral and petroleum processing, and even nanotechnology. The organisms, food manufacturing, crop protection, personal care products, mineral and petroleum processing, and other practical application areas serve as examples of what these in turn give rise to a range of operational application domains.
Offline Signature Verification Using Image Processing
Authors: Shaik Bushra , Manohar Katikireddy Jyothi , Kambham Vamsidhar , Sravani K. 
Published: June 2023

A person’s signature is merely a handwritten sign that closely resembles his/her name, frequently stylized and distinctive, and that expresses the person’s identity, intent, and consent. Two types of verifications are present. They are online signature verification and offline signature verification. Generally, Offline Signature verification is less efficient and slower process compare to online verification when come to the situation having larger number of documents and files to verify with in less time. Over the years, many researchers have developed so many methods for signature verifications to help the people or organizations to find whether the signature of a particular person is forged or genuine. To overcome this problems; In this paper we introduced a simple method to improve the verification of the signature in Image Processing using Convolution Neural Networks(CNN).
Signature Verification it is used to authenticate various kinds of documents, including cheques, draughts, certificates, approvals, letters, and other legal ones, such verification is crucial for preventing document forgery and falsification. Previously, to verify a signature, it was manually checked against copies of real signatures. This straightforward approach might not be sufficient given that forgery and signature fraud techniques are becoming more sophisticated as a result of improving technology.
Die Betreuung transgeschlechtlicher Personen am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig und die Rolle Lykke Aresins zwischen 1960 und 2000
Authors: Baumann Franz 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In Hinblick auf den Umgang mit transgeschlechtlichen Personen in der DDR verzeichnet die derzeitige Forschung Leerstellen. Über die Lebensumstände dieser Menschen lassen sich bis auf wenige Einzelschicksale kaum Aussagen treffen. Bisherige Arbeiten beschränken sich auf den Großraum Berlin, doch auch in Leipzig kann in Bezug auf Transgeschlechtlichkeit eine organisierte medizinische Betreuung nachgewiesen werden.
Forschungsziele Im Folgenden ist aufzuzeigen, wie sich das Universitätsklinikum Leipzig als DDR-Behandlungszentrum für Transgeschlechtlichkeit etablierte und welche Bedeutung der Sexualwissenschaftlerin Lykke Aresin in diesem Kontext zukommt.
Methoden Unter Berücksichtigung des derzeitigen Forschungsstandes wird die Entwicklung der medizinischen und juristischen Grundpositionen zum Thema Transgeschlechtlichkeit in der DDR dargelegt und mithilfe einer Falldarstellung ein Geschlechtswechsel verdeutlicht. Mittels Analyse verschiedener zeitgenössischer Publikationen kann die Entwicklung von Leipzig als spezialisiertes Behandlungszentrum nachgewiesen werden.
Ergebnisse Bis Mitte der 1970er-Jahre waren Geschlechtsangleichungen in der DDR juristisch nicht geregelt. Folglich mussten transgeschlechtliche Menschen enorme administrative Hürden überwinden, um Geschlechtswechsel zu erreichen. Lykke Aresin setzte sich in ihrer Beratungsstelle in Leipzig bereits in den 1960er-Jahren mit dem Thema Transgeschlechtlichkeit auseinander. Sie legte Grundlagen dafür, dass sich in Leipzig ein spezielles Netzwerk etablieren konnte, das bis Anfang der 1990er-Jahre Geschlechtsangleichungen begleitete.
Schlussfolgerung Am Universitätsklinikum Leipzig bestand ein sensibilisiertes und hochspezialisiertes Team, das sich der Behandlung von transgeschlechtlichen Menschen annahm und als multiprofessionelles Zentrum genitalangleichende Operationen anbot. Geschlechtsangleichungen wurden in der DDR somit auch außerhalb der Berliner Charité organisiert. Hinweise, dass eine solche Zentrenbildung seitens des DDR-Staates angeregt wurde, lassen sich nicht eruieren. Somit ist davon auszugehen, dass medizinische Expert*innengruppen Handlungsspielräume außerhalb der staatlichen Einflusssphäre nutzten und die Betreuung von transgeschlechtlichen Personen ermöglichten.
Quantifying uncertainty in PLS-SEM-based mediation analyses
Authors: Sarstedt Marko , Moisescu Ovidiu-Ioan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo identify potential mediating effects, researchers applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) typically contrast specific indirect and direct effects in a sequence of steps. Extending this standard procedure, we conceive mediation analysis as a type of model comparison, which facilitates quantifying the degree of the model effects’ uncertainty induced by the introduction of the mediator. By introducing a new dimension of quality assessment, the procedure offers a new means for deciding whether or not to introduce a mediator in a PLS path model, and improves the replicability of research results.
‘The Wind of Change’: a rhetorical political analysis of Harold Macmillan’s 1960 ‘decolonization’ speech
Authors: Roe-Crines Andrew S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to the literature on Conservative Party politics through an exploration of the political rhetoric of former Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader, Harold Macmillan in relation to decolonization and the end of empire. Macmillan’s Wind of Change speech has been analysed in the existing literature as purely a historical moment in relation to imperial decline. This article contends that Macmillan’s arguments for and defence of decolonisation in fact remain relevant for modern understandings of contemporary Conservative Party politics because residual affections for imperialism remain within some conservative audiences, as well as the ongoing processes of decolonisation. He sought to address such sentiments at the time of delivery, yet they remain today amongst similar audiences who remain committed to imperial notions. As such, simply considering the speech as a historic moment is inadequate given its value as an enduring argument relevant to contemporary conservative debates. Because of the language and justification used, I re-evaluate the speech through the process of ‘Rhetorical Political Analysis’ (ethos, pathos, logos). By doing so, I will demonstrate how Macmillan’s historical speech remains relevant as a living argument for scholars and practitioners of Conservative Party politics, which is a perspective presently absent in the scholarship. This methodological approach is also augmented by an analysis of archival materials helping to shed light on the embeddedness of the speech within the broader context of the tumultuous South African politics of the time, and by doing so show why a speech delivered in the 1960s remains relevant to UK domestic policy, foreign policy, and conservative studies in the 2020s.
A reference-free dual-comb spectroscopy calibrated by passive devices
Authors: Liu Chen , Xu Liang , Zhang Lei , Wang Danlu , Cao Ziyu , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Chi , Zhang Xinliang 
Published: June 2023

Dual-comb spectroscopy has enabled new approaches for optical precision measurements. Although Doppler-limited resolution can be achieved over long-time scales across a large bandwidth, the development of dual-comb spectroscopy is hindered by strict demands for light source stability. Typically, expensive and complex self-reference systems are required to lock the carrier-envelope offset frequency (fceo) of the laser. Additionally, simply locking the repetition frequency (frep) to a radio frequency reference source still results in residual relative timing jitter between light sources. Here we extracted the relative fceo fluctuation between the frep-locked lasers from the high-precision passive notch filtering characteristics of the phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating and then eliminated it through online phase calibration. By introducing a passive broadband Fabry–Perot cavity with excellent thermal wavelength stability, we subsequently corrected residual relative timing jitter with online wavelength calibration, and the standard deviation of the relative wavelength drift was reduced to less than 0.4 pm within the full operating range. The spectral profile can also be extracted and removed by the Fabry–Perot cavity through intensity calibration. By calibrating these three dimensions, we built a reference-free post-calibration dual-comb spectroscopy and used this powerful tool to measure the Fabry–Perot cavity resonance peaks, the notch filtering narrow band of phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings, and the absorption characteristics of hydrogen cyanide gas. The system achieves a spectral resolution of 0.8 pm over a bandwidth of more than 100 nm. This low-cost and convenient scheme provides new ideas for the application of dual-comb spectroscopy systems.
Polyvalent immunization elicits a synergistic broadly neutralizing immune response to hypervariable region 1 variants of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Mosa Alexander I. , Campo David S. , Khudyakov Yury , AbouHaidar Mounir G. , Gehring Adam J. , Zahoor Atif , Ball Jonathan K. , Urbanowicz Richard A. , Feld Jordan J. 
Published: June 2023

A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine is urgently needed. Vaccine development has been hindered by HCV’s genetic diversity, particularly within the immunodominant hypervariable region 1 (HVR1). Here, we developed a strategy to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies to HVR1, which had previously been considered infeasible. We first applied a unique information theory–based measure of genetic distance to evaluate phenotypic relatedness between HVR1 variants. These distances were used to model the structure of HVR1’s sequence space, which was found to have five major clusters. Variants from each cluster were used to immunize mice individually, and as a pentavalent mixture. Sera obtained following immunization neutralized every variant in a diverse HCVpp panel (n = 10), including those resistant to monovalent immunization, and at higher mean titers (1/ID
50
= 435) than a glycoprotein E2 (1/ID
50
= 205) vaccine. This synergistic immune response offers a unique approach to overcoming antigenic variability and may be applicable to other highly mutable viruses.
Beyond Intuition
Authors: Li Dian , Westland Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There are situations where designs involve bilingual content. In such cases, to convey clear and consistent messages, we need to select typefaces in two languages. Traditionally, designers relied on their intuition and experience when selecting typefaces. This study, however, uses analytical research to explore the possibility of using data to inform designs and to make appropriate typeface selections in bilingual contexts. It collects and analyses participants’ responses toward sample typefaces and uses them to choose typefaces in two languages simultaneously, English and Chinese. This method is shown to be effective; it breaks language barriers and explores an original and efficient approach to typeface selection.
Defect engineering the electronic and optoelectronic properties of heterostructure of MoSSe/PbS (111)
Authors: Zhang Shenrui , Huang Zongyu , Liu Huating , Zhong Jianxin , Qi Xiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The structural, electronic and optical properties of MoSSe, PbS (111) and MoSSe/PbS (111) have been studied by the first-principles calculations, and the effect of VS on electronic and optical properties of MoSSe/PbS (111). When PbS (111) is stacked on MoSSe, an internal electric field and ohmic contact are formed at interlayer, and exhibited metal property. Compared with MoSSe and PbS (111) monolayer, MoSSe/PbS (111) heterostructure has higher absorption coefficients. Further analysis shows that this can be attributed to the orbital hybridization between the heterostructure layers. When VS is introduced, spin splitting occurs, making the spin-down channel below the Fermi level and inducing half-metallicity. What’s more, Vs MoSSe/PbS (111) still performances better optical absorption coefficient. Based on these findings, the heterogeneous structures and defects not only affect the electronic properties, but also can be used as an effective method to regulate the electrical and optical properties, providing useful theoretical guidance for further experimental studies.
A cGAN-based tumor segmentation method for breast ultrasound images
Authors: You Guizeng , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhao Congrui , Zhao Yufei , Zhu Kongqiang , Yang Xinwu , Li Yan lin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. This paper proposes a conditional GAN (cGAN)-based method to perform data enhancement of ultrasound images and segmentation of tumors in breast ultrasound images, which improves the reality of the enhenced breast ultrasound image and obtains a more accurate segmentation result. Approach. We use the idea of generative adversarial training to accomplish the following two tasks: (1) in this paper, we use generative adversarial networks to generate a batch of samples with labels from the perspective of label-generated images to expand the dataset from a data enhancement perspective. (2) In this paper, we use adversarial training instead of postprocessing steps such as conditional random fields to enhance higher-level spatial consistency. In addition, this work proposes a new network, EfficientUNet, based on U-Net, which combines ResNet18, an attention mechanism and a deep supervision technique. This segmentation model uses the residual network as an encoder to retain the lost information in the original encoder and can avoid the gradient disappearance problem to improve the feature extraction ability of the model, and it also uses deep supervision techniques to speed up the convergence of the model. The channel-by-channel weighting module of SENet is then used to enable the model to capture the tumor boundary more accurately. Main results. The paper concludes with experiments to verify the validity of these efforts by comparing them with mainstream methods on Dataset B. The Dice score and IoU score reaches 0.8856 and 0.8111, respectively. Significance. This study successfully combines cGAN and optimized EfficientUNet for the segmentation of breast tumor ultrasound images. The conditional generative adversarial network has a good performance in data enhancement, and the optimized EfficientUNet makes the segmentation more accurate.
Incremental proportion integration differentiation control of all-terrain vehicle magnetorheological suspension system under low-frequency disturbances
Authors: Xia Dongbin , Fu Jie , Li Wei , Han Gaowei , Du Xiumei , Luo Lei , Yu Miao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In intelligent control systems of magnetorheological (MR) suspension of all-terrain vehicle (ATV), low-frequency disturbance (LFD) in the measured feedback signal (acceleration) makes the controller unable to calculate the theoretical control force accurately. In particular, when the frequency of the LFD signal is close to that of the actual acceleration signal, the LFD cannot be filtered by designing a traditional filter. Based on the above questions, this paper proposes an incremental proportion integration differentiation (IPID) strategy to address the issue of LFD in the measured feedback acceleration signal of the MR suspension system of ATV. First of all, the model of 1/4 vehicle suspension in consideration of LFD is established, the source of LFD is analyzed which is due to the transformation of Coriolis acceleration under the condition of vehicle body pitch and roll. Next, a semi-active IPID controller is designed by utilizing differential derivation of discrete PID and semi-active principle to eliminate the LFD component mixed in the acceleration signal by making a difference. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to optimize the parameters of the controller, which is then verified through numerical simulation. Subsequently, a real vehicle control experiment is carried out based on a 4 × 4 ATV equipped with the MR suspension system and implemented by DSP controller with the designed IPID algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated under the speed 10 km h−1 and E road, and the designed method is compared with the traditional proportion integration differentiation (PID) control algorithm through simulation and experimentation to demonstrate the superiority and rationality of ‘filtering out’ LFD signal and improving control effectiveness.
Polarized gravitational waves in the parity violating scalar-nonmetricity theory
Authors: Chen Zheng , Yu Yang , Gao Xian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There has been increasing interest in investigating the possible parity violating features in the gravity theory and on the cosmological scales. In this work, we consider a class of scalar-nonmetricity theory, of which the Lagrangian is polynomial built of the nonmetricity tensor and a scalar field. The nonmetricity tensor is coupled with the scalar field through its first order derivative. Besides the monomials that are quadratic order in the nonmetricity tensor, we also construct monomials that are cubic order in the nonmetricity tensor in both the parity preserving and violating cases. These monomials act as the non-canonical (i.e., non-quadratic) kinetic terms for the spacetime metric, and will change the behavior in the propagation of the gravitational waves. We find that the gravitational waves are generally polarized, which present both the amplitude and velocity birefringence features due to the parity violation of the theory. Due to the term proportional to 1/k in the phase velocities, one of the two polarization modes suffers from the gradient instability on large scales.
An update on adiabatic modes in cosmology and δN formalism
Authors: Cruces Diego , Germani Cristiano , Palomares Adrian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we generalize the Weinberg's procedure to determine the comoving curvature
perturbation ℛ to non-attractor inflationary regimes. We show that both modes of ℛ
are related to a symmetry of the perturbative equations in the Newtonian gauge. As a byproduct,
we clarify that adiabaticity does not generally imply constancy of ℛ, not even in the
k ⟶ 0 limit. We then show that there exist non-equivalent definitions of δN
that would reproduce ℛ or the uniform density curvature perturbation ζ at linear
order. We have then shown that the perturbative δN definition in terms of difference
between the number of e-foldings of different gauges, can be extended non-perturbatively at
leading order in gradient expansion. Nevertheless, the computer friendly definition in terms of
the difference of e-foldings obtained from the evolution of a local FRW Universe, respectively
with perturbed and un-perturbed initial conditions, might only give information about the linear
order curvature perturbations, contrary to what is stated in the literature.
Identification of high blood pressure using support vector machine and time-domain heart rate variability from photoplethysmography
Authors: Octaviani Aulia , Nuryani Nuryani , Salamah Umi , Pambudi Utomo Trio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hypertension is one of the serious threats to human health by accelerating the cardiovascular disease. The way to prevent hypertension complications is to detect and prevent high blood pressure. This study aimed to identify hypertension using photoplethysmography (PPG) records. The method used time-domain Heart Rate Variability (HRV) from PPG. It used a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with Radial Basis Function (RBF). Variations of SVM-C and RBF gamma were conducted to find the good performance of identification. Using clinical data, the identification system performed with a training accuracy of 99.33 % and a testing accuracy of 71.75%. Best performing results occur when using SVM-C 100 with a gamma of 400,000.