bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U–Pb Dating of Mineral Deposits: From Age Constraints to Ore-Forming Processes
Authors: Chelle-Michou Cyril , Schaltegger Urs 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe timing and duration of ore-forming processes are amongst the key parameters required in the study of mineral systems. After more than a century of technical developments, innovations and investigation, the U–Pb system arguably is the most mature radioisotopic system in our possession to conduct absolute dating of a wide range of minerals across geological environments and metallogenic processes. Here, we review the basics of U–Pb geochronology, the key historic developments of the method, and the most commonly used analytical techniques (including data reduction, Pb-correction, uncertainty propagation and data presentation) and minerals while pointing out their respective advantages, weaknesses and potential pitfalls. We also highlight critical aspects that need to be considered when interpreting a date into the age of a geological process (including field and petrographic constraints, open-system behavior, handling and interpretation of uncertainties). While U–Pb geochronology is strongly biased toward zircon dating, we strive to highlight the great diversity of minerals amenable to U–Pb dating (more than 16 mineral species) in the context of mineral systems, and the variety of geological events they can potentially date (magmatism, hydrothermal activity, ore-formation, cooling, etc.). Finally, through two case studies we show (1) how multi-mineral geochronological studies have been used to bracket and decipher the age of multiple geological events associated with the world-class Witwatersrand gold province, and (2) how rather than the absolute age, the duration and rate of the mineralizing event at porphyry copper deposits opens new avenues to understand ore-forming processes and the main controls on the size of such deposits. The improving precision, accuracy and spatial resolution of analyses in tandem with high-quality field and petrographic observations, numerical modelling and geochemical data, will continue to challenge paradigms of ore-forming processes and contribute significant breakthroughs in ore deposit research and potentially to the development of new exploration tools.
Unspeakable Injuries and Neoliberal Subjectivities in Sally Rooney’s Conversations with Friends and Normal People
Authors: Carregal-Romero José 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis chapter draws on care ethics and vulnerability theory to explore Sally Rooney’sConversations with Friends(2017) andNormal People(2018) as novels that delve into contexts of silence and dysfunction in the lives of Irish millennials who experience their vulnerability as unspeakable, as a sign of weakness and abnormality in a competitive, individualistic world. The analysis details the ways in which Rooney’s characters adopt strategies such as passing, concealment and ironic distance, and how their anxieties highlight the injustices and contradictions of their neoliberal culture. This chapter ultimately argues that, even though in both novels plot events foreground the lies, omissions and frustrations of dysfunctional silences, a silence of refusal progressively emerges whereby Rooney’s protagonists evade social expectations, abandon previous pretences and begin to establish a more honest and caring relationship with their significant others.
Einleitung
Authors: Marusic Claudia 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm einleitenden Kapitel wird zunächst die Problemstellung dargestellt. Daraufhin werden die Forschungsfragen erläutert und wird der projektbasierte Entstehungszusammenhang der vorliegenden Arbeit geklärt. Schliesslich wird die Gliederung der Arbeit dargelegt.
Comparison of laparoscopic, robotic, and open retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for non-seminomatous germ cell tumor: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Juntao , Hu Zhenghui , Huang Shihan , Shen Bohua , Wang Shuo , Yu Jianjun , Wang Ping , Jin Xiaodong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the perioperative outcomes of L-RPLND, R-RPLND and O-RPLND, and determine which one can be the mainstream option.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 47 patients undergoing primary RPLND by three different surgical techniques for stage I–II NSGCT between July 2011 and April 2022 at our center. Standard open and laparoscopic RPLND was performed with usual equipment, and robotic RPLND was operated with da Vinci Si system.

Results
Forty-seven patients underwent RPLND during 2011–2022, and 26 (55.3%) of them received L-RPLND, 14 (29.8%) were operated with robot, while 7 (14.9%) were performed O-RPLND. The median follow-up was 48.0 months, 48.0 months, and 60.0 months, respectively. The oncological outcomes were comparable among all groups. In L-RPLND group, there were 8 (30.8%) cases of low grade (Clavien I–II) complications, and 3 (11.5%) cases of high-grade (Clavien III–IV) complications. In R-RPLND group, one (7.1%) low-grade complication and four (28.6%) high-grade complications were observed. In O-RPLND group, there were 2 (28.5%) cases of low-grade complications and one case (14.2%) of high-grade one. The operation duration of L-RPLND was the shortest. In O-RPLND group, the number of positive lymph nodes were higher than other two groups. Patients undergoing open surgery had lower (p < 0.05) red blood cell count, hemoglobin level, and higher (p < 0.05) estimated blood loss, white blood cell count than those receiving either laparoscopic or robotic surgery.

Conclusion
All three surgical techniques are comparable in safety, oncological, andrological, and reproductive outcomes under the circumstance of not using primary chemotherapy. L-RPLND might be the most cost-effective option.
Cardio-hepatic syndrome in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Stolz Lukas , Kirchner Michael , Steffen Julius , Doldi Philipp M. , Braun Daniel , Weckbach Ludwig T. , Stocker Thomas J. , Löw Kornelia , Fischer Julius , Haum Magda , Theiss Hans D. , Rizas Konstantinos , Orban Martin , Peterß Sven , Näbauer Michael , Massberg Steffen , Hausleiter Jörg , Deseive Simon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiohepatic syndrome (CHS) has been identified as an important but underrecognized survival predictor in multiple cardiovascular disease entities. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic value of CHS in patients undergoing TAVR for severe aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods
The study included patients with available laboratory parameters of hepatic function who underwent TAVR from July 2013 until December 2019 at our center. CHS was defined as an elevation of at least two of three laboratory cholestasis parameters above the upper limit of normal (bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma glutamyl transferase). Study endpoints were three-year survival, technical and device failure (VARC 3), as well as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class at follow-up.

Results
Among a total of 953 analyzed patients (47.6% females, median age 80.0 [76.0–85.0] years) CHS was present in 212 patients (22.4%). In patients with vs. without CHS, rates of technical (6.1% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.29) and device failure (18.9% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.59) were comparable. NYHA functional class at baseline and follow-up was more severe in patients with CHS. Nevertheless, heart failure symptoms improved from baseline to follow-up irrespective of hepatic function. Three-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with CHS (49.4 vs. 65.4%, p < 0.001). The predictive value of CHS persisted after adjustment in a multivariable analysis (hazard ratio 1.58, p < 0.01).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing TAVR, CHS is prevalent in 22% of patients and is associated with increased postinterventional mortality. Thus, CHS should be included in the decision-making process within the TAVR heart team.

Graphical abstract
Cardiohepatic syndrome (CHS) as defined by an elevation of at least two of three laboratory cholestasis parameters above the upper limit of normal was prevalent in 22% of patients undergoing TAVR for severe AS. The presence of CHS was associated with more severe heart failure symptoms and worse three-year survival.
Prospective associations between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older British men
Authors: Wang Qiaoye , Schmidt Amand Floriaan , Lennon Lucy T. , Papacosta Olia , Whincup Peter H. , Wannamethee S. Goya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is a major public health challenge. This study investigated the prospective relationships between diet quality, dietary components, and risk of CMM in older British men.

Methods
We used data from the British Regional Heart Study of 2873 men aged 60–79 free of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) at baseline. CMM was defined as the coexistence of two or more cardiometabolic diseases, including MI, stroke, and T2D. Sourcing baseline food frequency questionnaire, the Elderly Dietary Index (EDI), which was a diet quality score based on Mediterranean diet and MyPyramid for Older Adults, was generated. Cox proportional hazards regression and multi-state model were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
During a median follow-up of 19.3 years, 891 participants developed first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), and 109 developed CMM. Cox regression analyses found no significant association between baseline EDI and risk of CMM. However, fish/seafood consumption, a dietary component of the EDI score, was inversely associated with risk of CMM, with HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.26, 0.73) for consuming fish/seafood 1–2 days/week compared to less than 1 day/week after adjustment. Further analyses with multi-state model showed that fish/seafood consumption played a protective role in the transition from FCMD to CMM.

Conclusions
Our study did not find a significant association of baseline EDI with CMM but showed that consuming more fish/seafood per week was associated with a lower risk of transition from FCMD to CMM in older British men.
Intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous endurance exercise similarly induce an anti-inflammatory environment in recreationally active runners: focus on PD-1 expression in Tregs and the IL-6/IL-10 axis
Authors: Proschinger Sebastian , Schenk Alexander , Weßels Inga , Donath Lars , Rappelt Ludwig , Metcalfe Alan J. , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Acute exercise elicits a transient anti-inflammatory state during the early recovery period. Since recent studies reported on regimen-specific effects on immune-related humoral factors and cellular subsets, this study compared the effects of intensity- and time-matched acute interval and continuous exercise on peripheral anti-inflammatory cellular and humoral immune parameters with a particular focus on the PD-1 expression in CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs).

Methods
Twenty-four recreationally active runners (age: 29.7 ± 4.3 years, BMI: 22.2 ± 2.4, VO2peak: 56.6 ± 6.4 ml × kg−1 × min−1) participated in this crossover RCT. Each subject conducted a moderate continuous (MCE) and a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) session in a counterbalanced design. Blood was drawn before, immediately after, and 1 h after exercise. Treg subsets and levels of PD-1 and Foxp3 were assessed by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA.

Results
PD-1 levels on Tregs increased within the recovery period after HIIE (p < .001) and MCE (p <  0.001). Total counts of Tregs (HIIE: p = 0.044; MCE: p = .021), naïve Tregs (HIIE: p  < 0.001; MCE: p  < 0.001), and PD-1+ effector Tregs (eTregs) (HIIE: p = .002) decreased 1 h after exercise. IL-10 increased 1 h after HIIE (p < 0.001) and MCE (p = 0.018), while IL-6 increased immediately after both HIIE (p = 0.031) and MCE (p = 0.021). Correlations between changes in IL-6 and IL-10 (p = 0.017, r = 0.379) and baseline VO2peak and Treg frequency (p = 0.002, r = 0.660) were identified.

Conclusion
This is the first study that investigates PD-1 expression in circulating Tregs after acute exercise, revealing an increase in PD-1 levels on eTregs during the early recovery period after intensity- and time-matched HIIE and MCE. Future studies are needed to investigate the PD-1 signalosome in eTregs, together with the expression of key effector molecules (i.e., IL-10, TGF-β, IL-35, CTLA-4) to elucidate PD-1-dependent changes in cellular function. Based on changes in serum cytokines, this study further reveals a regimen-independent establishment of an anti-inflammatory milieu and underpins the role of the IL-6/IL-10 axis.
Analysis of a Potential Correlation between Seismicity and Production in Kiruna Mine on a Mine-wide and an Extraction Block Scale
Authors: Polz L. , Ladinig T. , Wagner H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe creation of cavities in the underground results in stress redistributions and energy changes in the rock mass. Zones with increased stresses and zones with lower stresses develop. The energy changes manifest themselves amongst others in changes in potential energy, absorption of energy in the formation of fracture zones, and release of energy such as seismic energy. To prevent damage to infrastructure and personnel, it is important to understand the mechanisms of energy changes as a result of mining. As far as seismic energy release is concerned, it is important to understand to relationship between large scale mineral extraction and mining induced seismicity. One coarse way to do this is to correlate for specific areas the cumulated tons of mined rock multiplied by the depth of extraction and multiplied by the gravitational acceleration to get the unit of energy, which is a rough assessment of the mining-induced energy changes, with the cumulated released seismic energy, which is derived from the seismic monitoring system. This correlation is studied for Kiruna Mine on a mine-wide scale and on an extraction block scale for the years 2014 to 2020. The results show that there is a reasonable correlation between the mining-induced energy changes and the seismic energy release not only on a mine-wide scale but also on an extraction block scale. Periods of decreased seismic energy release are followed either by a period of increased seismic activity or by one or a series of large seismic event. Accordingly, periods of decreased seismic activity can be considered as an indicator for a likely increase in future seismic activities. More detailed investigations should be made to find out the cause for the lack of energy release. A disadvantage of this method is that it does not reveal the exact area and reason for the decrease in seismicity. Therefore, additional rock mechanics analysis is needed to understand the background of the change in energy release.
Abfallende: Ein wesentlicher Beitrag zum Gelingen einer Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Kasper Thomas 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungIm Dezember 2019 hat die europäische Kommission den neuen Green Deal der europäischen Union vorgestellt. Zentrales Ziel darin ist das Erreichen der Klimaneutralität der EU Mitgliedstaaten bis 2050 und als Zwischenziel die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen um 55 % bis 2030.Als Teil der Strategie zur Erreichung dieser Ziele hat die Kommission im März 2020 im Rahmen der EU-Industriestrategie den neuen Aktionsplan der Kreislaufwirtschaft auf den Weg gebracht. Die Umstellung unserer Wirtschaft und unseres Handelns insgesamt auf ein kreislaufwirtschaftliches System wird als ganz essentieller und zentraler Baustein für das erfolgreiche Erreichen der ambitionierten Klimaschutzziele bis 2030 und 2050 gesehen.Im Rahmen des Kreislaufwirtschaftsaktionsplan wurden sieben zentrale Produktionswertschöpfungsketten mit besonderer Bedeutung für die Kreislaufwirtschaft identifiziert. Das sind die Bereiche Elektronik, Batterien und Fahrzeuge, Verpackungen, Kunststoffe, Textilien, Bauwirtschaft und Gebäude sowie Lebensmittel, Wasser und Nährstoffe.Ziel in allen Bereichen ist die Reduktion von Abfall durch Abfallvermeidung und die Integration des Kreislaufprinzips beginnend bei der Planung (design for recycling) bis zur Aufbereitung und Verwendung von Sekundärrohstoffen.Es soll ein reibungsloser Sekundärrohstoffmarkt in der EU gewährleistet werden. Dazu sollen die Mitgliedstaaten ihre Vorschriften für das Ende der Abfalleigenschaften und für Nebenprodukte prüfen, inwieweit EU-weite Kriterien für das Abfallende für bestimmte Abfallströme entwickelt werden müssen. Die Rolle der Produktnormung soll zur Definition einheitlicher Produkteigenschaften gestärkt werden.Am Ende eines Lebenszyklus eines Produkts oder eines Gebäudes wird das eingesetzte Material so es nicht wieder- oder weiterverwendet werden kann (reuse) zum Abfall iSd europäischen Rechtsordnung. Das Stigma des „Abfalls“ stellt aber eine Reihe von Hürden für den neuerlichen Einsatz als Produkt dar. Dies aus Gründen des Vorsorgeprinzips, dass es zu keinen Schadstoffverfrachtungen in die Umwelt kommt. Um Stoffkreisläufe zu schließen und Rohstoffe als Sekundärrohstoffe einem weiteren Lebenszyklus zuführen zu können, gilt es, den Abfallbegriff ablegen zu können, um wieder frei gehandelt werden zu können. Dazu gilt es, die Begriffe der Abfallentstehung, des Nebenproduktstatus sowie des Abfallendes näher zu betrachten und technische und rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen zu definieren, um die Grundlagen für den Übergang zu einem nachhaltigen Wirtschaftssystem in Form einer Kreislaufwirtschaft zu schaffen.
Rapid and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 by lateral flow immunoassay and silver enhancement
Authors: Bazsefidpar Shayesteh , Serrano-Pertierra Esther , Gutiérrez Gemma , Calvo Alberto Sánchez , Matos María , Blanco-López María Carmen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a sensitive lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the rapid detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, a pathogen contributor to diseases and fatalities worldwide. Au nanoparticles with high stability, uniform size, and shape were synthesized and coated with heterobifunctional PEG polymer with carboxyl groups, and they were bioconjugated to be used as label in sandwich-LFIA. Then, a silver enhancement strategy was developed as an accessible, rapid, and cost-effective approach for signal amplification to reduce the limit of detection (LOD). The optimal results were achieved when a solution of silver nitrate and hydroquinone/citrate buffer was added to the strips for 4 min. This led to a decrease in the visual LOD from 2 × 106 (CFU mL−1) to 2 × 103 (CFU mL−1), resulting in a threefold improvement in sensitivity compared to the conventional LFIA system. The specificity of the system was evaluated by using non-target bacteria (E. coli BL21 and E. coli T515) and its reliability was determined by testing commercial food samples (milk, tap water, and orange juice), demonstrating its effectiveness for quickly detecting pathogenic bacteria in food products.

Graphical Abstract
Rogue traders
Authors: Dong Huayuan , Guasoni Paolo , Mayerhofer Eberhard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractInvesting on behalf of a firm, a trader can feign personal skill by committing fraud that with high probability remains undetected and generates small gains, but with low probability bankrupts the firm, offsetting ostensible gains. Honesty requires enoughskin in the game: if two traders with isoelastic preferences operate in continuous time and one of them is honest, the other is honest as long as the respective fraction of capital is above an endogenousfraud thresholdthat depends on the trader’s preferences and skill. If both traders can cheat, they reach a Nash equilibrium in which the fraud threshold of each of them is lower than if the other one were honest. More skill, higher risk aversion, longer horizons and higher volatility all lead to honesty on a wider range of capital allocations between the traders.
Wearable augmentative and alternative communication (wAAC): a novel solution for people with complex communication needs
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Karlsson Petra , Chiu Darryl , Sun Carter , Kavehei Omid , McEwan Alistair 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCommunication is a vital skill of a human’s life. People with different types of disabilities may have Complex Communication Needs and may need a wearable device to help them to communicate. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) is a term which refers to the methods of facilitating or replacing people’s communication abilities. Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) and Eye-Gaze Technology (EGT) are two widely used access technologies in AAC devices. However, there are only a few studies that have investigated the utilisation of these technologies in a Virtual Reality (VR) or Augmented Reality (AR) environment. VR and AR are both modern technologies which provide immersive environments. In addition, the Mixed Reality (MR) environment combines virtual reality with real life and may offer extra benefits such as better immersion, better interaction, and more information. This paper proposed an MR-based wearable AAC device and compared the usability and acceptability between its Eye-Gaze (EG) and BCI interaction options. Eight neurotypical participants and two participants with cerebral palsy participated. The result showed high usability (accuracy = 93.30%, the information transfer rate was 8.55 selections per minutes) and acceptability (QUEST 2.0 = 4.30, NASA-TLX = 2.14) in the EG session. In contrast, the usability of the BCI system in the current design was questionable. This novel interaction method using Electroencephalogram signals is not sufficiently exploited at the moment, and more research is suggested in the future.
Does health technology assessment compromise access to pharmaceuticals?
Authors: Büssgen Melanie , Stargardt Tom 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn response to rapidly rising pharmaceutical costs, many countries have introduced health technology assessment (HTA) as a ‘fourth hurdle’. We evaluated the causal effect of HTA based regulation on access to pharmaceuticals by using the introduction of Germany’s HTA system (AMNOG) in 2011. We obtained launch data on pharmaceuticals for 30 European countries from the IQVIA (formerly IMS) database. Using difference-in-difference models, we estimated the effect of AMNOG on launch delay, the ranking order of launch delays and the availability of pharmaceuticals. We then compared the results for Germany to Austria, Czechia, Italy, Portugal and the UK. Across all six countries, launch delay decreased from the pre-AMNOG period (25.01 months) to the post-AMNOG period (14.34 months). However, the introduction of AMNOG consistently reduced the magnitude of the decrease in launch delay in Germany compared to the comparator countries (staggered DiD: + 4.31 months, p = 0.05). Our logit results indicate that the availability of pharmaceuticals in Germany increased as a result of AMNOG (staggered logit: + 5.78%, p = 0.009). We provide evidence on the trade-off between regulation and access. This can help policymakers make better informed decisions to strike the right balance between cost savings achieved through HTA based regulation and access to pharmaceuticals.