bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postconceptual Neonatal Dating by Transmastoid Ultrasound of Transcerebellar Diameter—Comparison to Crown Rump Length Measurement
Authors: Aziz Michael M. , VanDillen Michael , Combs Abigail , Banker Hiral , Cohen Harris L. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesTranscerebellar diameter (TCD) has been utilized prenatally as a tool to estimate gestational age (GA) when fetal growth aberrations are suspected. Traditionally, first trimester ultrasound (1TUS) has been the gold standard of dating a pregnancy in spontaneous pregnancies. We sought to determine if neonatal TCD measurement was as accurate as 1TUS in the estimation of postconceptual gestational age (PCGA).MethodsA retrospective cohort from a registry of high‐quality transmastoid views of consecutive patients from July 2019 to November 2020, delivered from 24 to 34 weeks GA, and with a 1TUS were included. The reference PCGA was the sum of the GA at delivery by 1TUS and day of life. The PCGA by TCD was calculated from Chang et al for GA by TCD. Reference and experimental values were compared by correlation, agreement within 7 days, and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsOf the 154 individual patients in the registry of high‐quality transmastoid views during the study period, 62 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. PCGA by 1TUS and TCD were highly correlated (r = 0.86, P < .001; κ = 47% agreement within 7 days of PCGA). The bias of PCGA by TCD was 4.6 days earlier than the PCGA by 1TUS (95% confidence interval of agreement: −29.2, 20).ConclusionsPCGA estimation by neonatal transmastoid TCD was highly correlated with that of 1TUS. It generally underestimates GA by 4.6 days. This relationship warrants further investigation to determine if this method of estimating PCGA in undated gestations is generalizable.
The Importance of Tissue Doppler Imaging and M‐Mode Ultrasonography in Fetuses With Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Yildirim Muradiye , Oluklu Deniz , Menekse Beser Dilek , Uyan Hendem Derya , Tanacan Atakan , Sahin Dilek 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo compare the cardiac functions of fetuses with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) between their control groups and investigate its relationship with perinatal outcomes.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted with 102 pregnant women. Pregnant women with PPROM were divided into two subgroups Group A, between 26 and 30 weeks, and Group B, between 30 and 34 weeks. A control group was formed by randomly including one healthy pregnant woman for each study patient. Sociodemographic, obstetric data, tissue Doppler imaging, and M‐mode imaging results were compared. The relationship between echocardiographic parameters and perinatal outcomes was also investigated.ResultsTricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), S′, and ET′ of systolic cardiac parameters were shortened in both groups compared with their controls. Diastolic function indicator E′/A′, and global function indicator myocardial performance index' increased in both groups. Isovolumetric contraction time' did not change between groups. A correlation was found between myocardial performance index', and the length of neonatal intensive care unit stay in Group A and TAPSE and duration of respiratory support and length of neonatal intensive care unit stay in Group B.ConclusionsThe fetal cardiac function seems to be affected by PPROM, and these changes are associated with neonatal outcomes. Therefore, administering fetal cardiac function evaluation in pregnancies complicated by PPROM may help physicians establish more appropriate clinical management protocols in this special population.
Prospective Evaluation and Validation of the Laryngoscore and the mini‐Laryngoscore
Authors: Clarysse Camille , Meulemans Jeroen , van Lierde Charlotte , Laenen Annouschka , Delaere Pierre , Vander Poorten Vincent 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveThe Laryngoscore was described in 2014 as a practical preoperative assessment tool to predict difficult laryngeal exposure (DLE) during transoral approaches to the larynx. In 2019 the authors proposed a version with a reduced number of variables, called the mini‐Laryngoscore. We aim to critically appraise and externally validate these two tools and if needed and possible, to optimize these tools.Methods103 consecutive patients who underwent a microlaryngoscopy between November 2017 and June 2020 at the Leuven University Hospitals were prospectively included and subjected to a presurgical evaluation of 15 parameters and a peroperative scoring of the anterior commissure visualization. Subsequent analysis focused on the concordance of our findings with those of Piazza et al., the discriminatory ability of the test, and the validity of the included items. We then evaluated a modified prediction tool.ResultsOf 103 patients, 18 (17.5%) had DLE. The Laryngoscore and mini‐Laryngoscore predicted this with a “good” C‐index of respectively 0.727 (95%CI: 0.608–0.846) and 0.714 (95%CI: 0.605–0.823). A newly created prediction tool including only three parameters (Interincisors gap, upper jaw dental status and previous treatments) showed a better discriminatory ability (C‐index = 0.835, 95%CI: 0.726–0.944) than the original Laryngoscore, a finding that needs further external validation.ConclusionThe original Laryngoscore and the mini‐Laryngoscore displayed a good discriminative ability. Some parameters can be left out of the Laryngoscore without losing discrimination. An even better prediction model seems possible, using a weighted sum of selected predictor variables and by using the parameters in their continuous form.Level of Evidence2 Laryngoscope, 134:1807–1812, 2024
Long‐term cultivation drives soil carbon, nitrogen, and bacterial community changes in the black soil region of northeastern China
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Baoyuan , Liu Honghu , Zhang Fengbao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe deteriorating soil carbon, nutrients, and microbial habitat pose a serious threat to crop production. However, the effects of long‐term cultivation with soil erosion on soil carbon, nitrogen, and bacterial communities remain poorly understood. Consequently, this study aims to explore the changes in these soil indicators in the last 110 years and their responses to soil erosion. Luvic Phaeozems in hillslope and Haplic Phaeozems in flat were sampled along 113‐ and 67‐year cultivation chronosequences. The soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), soil loss rate, the soil bacterial community, and so on were respectively determined using the Walkley–Black, the Kjeldahl, nuclide tracing method, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing methods. The comparisons of SOC, TN, and soil bacterial community between Luvic Phaeozems and Haplic Phaeozems were used to differentiate their responses to the soil erosion intensity. The results indicated that SOC and TN decreased negatively and exponentially during long‐term cultivation and took longer to regain stability in Luvic Phaeozems than in Haplic Phaeozems (e.g., SOC: from 55.77 to 23.11 g kg−1 after 152 years vs. from 91.83 to 34.24 g kg−1 after 32 years). The bacterial community transitioned into Proteobacteria‐dominant communities and the quantity of carbon‐fixing and nitrogen‐fixing functional groups decreased. These shifts were mainly driven by the SOC and TN contents (40%) and their loss ratios (44%). In conclusion, soil erosion leads to more severe SOC and TN loss on hillslope than flat under long‐term improper cultivation, ultimately endangering soil bacterial ecological functions, which has important implications for effective soil erosion control and encouraging conservation tillage in this food‐producing region.
Mesocosm approaches to the examination of benthic–pelagic coupling, with emphasis on turbulence
Authors: Porter Elka T. , Cornwell Jeffrey C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBenthic and pelagic processes are closely coupled in shallow‐water estuarine and marine environments and in lakes yet benthic–pelagic coupling is difficult to simulate in mesocosms. Realistic water column (WC) and bottom turbulence often are not simultaneously mimicked in mesocosm experiments, leading to artifacts and omitting direct and indirect linkages and feedbacks between the sediment and the WC. The information on benthic–pelagic coupling mesocosm studies assembled illustrates the importance of realistic physics in mesocosms. Mesocosm approaches including both WC turbulence and bottom turbulence that are appropriately designed to resemble natural conditions can provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of feedback processes associated with biogeochemical, food web, and the habitat shifts necessary for models, and will help identify cause‐and‐effect relationships. Benthic–pelagic mesocosm experiments with realistic WC and bottom turbulence may fill the large gaps in our understanding of the responses of inorganic nutrient and organic matter fluxes between benthic habitats and the WC. Future applications of such benthic–pelagic coupling mesocosm studies are outlined.
Trendbericht: Makromolekulare Chemie 2023
Authors: Göstl Robert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDer Wunsch nach einer geschlossenen Kreislaufwirtschaft befeuert die Forschung an biobasierten Polymeren und an Materialien mit maßgeschneiderten Lebenszyklen. Auch die Forschung an Energiespeichern bleibt wichtig. Ungebrochener Beliebtheit erfreuen sich zudem biomedizinische Materialien, von Polymertherapeutika bis zu Hydrogelen mit besonderer Struktur.
Analytische Chemie: Tattoopigmente in der Haut
Authors: Wolf Carina , Brungs Corinna , Karst Uwe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTätowieren ist beliebt: Jüngsten Studien zufolge sind etwa zwölf Prozent aller Europäer tätowiert, Tendenz steigend. Die Risiken sind jedoch noch nicht vollständig untersucht. Wenn die tätowierte Haut juckt oder anschwillt, hilft eine Analyse von Hautbiopsien dabei, die Ursachen zu ermitteln.
Prozessindustrie: Fluidik spart Energie
Authors: Homburg Alexander , Reiff Ellen‐Christine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFluidikkomponenten und ‐systeme sowie Sensoren und Regelsysteme helfen, Prozesse effizienter zu gestalten. Beispiele aus Chromatographie, Bio‐ und Pharmatechnik zeigen, dass dies für neue Anlagen ebenso gilt wie beim Modernisieren bestehender Prozesse.
Skipping a pillar does not make for strong foundations: Pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic reasoning behind the shape of dose–response relationships in oncology
Authors: Yates James W. T. , Mistry Hitesh B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDose–response analysis is often applied to the quantification of drug‐effect especially for slowly responding disease end points where a comparison is made across dose levels after a particular period of treatment. It has long been recognized that exposure – response is more appropriate than dose–response. However, trials necessarily are designed as dose–response experiments. Second, a wide range of functional forms are used to express relationships between dose and response. These considerations are also important for clinical development because pharmacokinetic (PK; and variability) plus pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modeling may allow one to anticipate the shape of the dose–response curve and so the trial design. Here, we describe how the location and steepness of the dose response is determined by the PKs of the compound being tested and its exposure‐response relationship in terms of potency (location), efficacy (maximum effect) and Hill coefficient (steepness). Thus, the location (50% effective dose [ED50]) is dependent not only on the potency (half‐maximal effective concentration) but also the compound's PKs. Similarly, the steepness of the dose response is shown to be a function of the half‐life of the drug. It is also shown that the shape of relationship varies dependent on the assumed time course of the disease. This is important in the context of drug‐discovery where the in vivo potencies of compounds are compared as well as when considering an analysis of summary data (for example, model‐based meta‐analysis) for clinical decision making.
Assessing the performance of international laboratories analysing the stable isotope composition (δ15N, δ18O, δ17O) of nitrate in environmental waters
Authors: Wassenaar Leonard I. , Douence Cedric , Miller Jodie 
Published: September 2023

RationaleStable‐isotope analyses of nitrate (NO3−) in various water sources are crucial for understanding nitrogen pollution and its impact on aquatic ecosystems. We evaluated the accuracy and precision of stable‐isotope analyses of nitrate conducted by international laboratories.MethodsSix samples with nitrate (2 mg L−1 NO3−‐N) were sent to 47 laboratories. The NO3− had a 30–50 ‰ range of δ values for δ15N, δ18O and δ17O. One blind duplicate evaluated reproducibility and the effect of water δ18O. Laboratories used diverse methods to convert nitrate to N2O, N2, CO or O2 for stable‐isotopic measurements (microbial, cadmium, titanium and elemental analysis) and isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry or laser‐based technologies.ResultsThirty‐six international laboratories (83 %) reported results; however, 23 % did not analyze the test samples due to technical difficulties. Of the reporting laboratories, 79 % and 84 % produced accurate δ15N and δ18O results falling within ±0.8 ‰ and ±1.1 ‰ of the benchmark values, respectively. Three laboratories produced only outliers. The duplicate revealed most laboratories gave internally reproducible results at appropriate analytical precision. For δ17O, six laboratories reported results, but 67 % could not reproduce results within their claimed analytical measurement precision. One complication is a lack of nitrate reference materials for δ17O.ConclusionsAnalyst experience contributed to better performance, and underperformance was from compromised standards or inappropriate δ range of working reference materials. The stable isotope community must develop new nitrate reference materials for δ15N spanning −20 ‰ to +80 ‰ and new materials for δ17O.
DIRECT: Digital Microfluidics for Isolation‐Free Shared Library Construction of Single‐Cell DNA Methylome and Transcriptome
Authors: Zeng Xi , Jiang Shaowei , Zhong Zhixing , Yang Xiaoping , Chen Qiuyue , Li Jin , Zhu Zhi , Song Jia , Yang Chaoyong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSimultaneous profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression within single cells is a powerful technology to dissect complex gene regulatory network of cells. However, existing methods are based on picking a single‐cell in a tube and split single‐cell lysate into two parts for transcriptome and methylome library construction, respectively, which is costly and cumbersome. Here, DIRECT is proposed, a digital microfluidics‐based method for high‐efficiency single‐cell isolation and simultaneous analysis of the methylome and transcriptome in a single library construction. The accuracy of DIRECT is demonstrated in comparison with bulk and single‐omics data, and the high CpG site coverage of DIRECT allows for precise analysis of copy number variation information, enabling expansion of single cell analysis from two‐ to three‐omics. By applying DIRECT to monitor the dynamics of mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation, the relationship between DNA methylation and changes in gene expression during differentiation is revealed. DIRECT enables accurate, robust, and reproducible single‐cell DNA methylation and gene expression co‐analysis in a more cost‐effective, simpler library preparation and automated manner, broadening the application scenarios of single‐cell multi‐omics analysis and revealing a more comprehensive and fine‐grained map of cellular regulatory landscapes.
A Critical Review on Hydrogen Based Fuel Cell Technology and Applications
Authors: Gupta Prashant , Toksha Bhagwan , Rahaman Mostafizur 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe research in energy storage and conversion is playing a critical role in energy policy as the innovation and technological progress are essential for achieving the energy transition and climate neutrality goals. Hydrogen Fuel Cell technology is considered a strategic element in the pursuit of sustainable and clean energy solutions. This technology is increasingly gaining attention in recent years as a potential substitute to conventional non‐renewable energy sources. Fuel cell technology can be employed for domestic/commercial use along with powering the transportation sector which currently employs the use of conventional battery systems. However, these systems pose severe limitations with respect to longer charging times and limited distance range. This review article aims at providing a comprehensive methodical overview of hydrogen‐based fuel cell technology along with key concepts, present day scenarios, including overview of the market and industry trends, government policies and initiatives, along with major stakeholders involved in scaling up the technology for mass consumption. The outlook of fuel cells, including their capability to revolutionise the energy sector is discussed. The technological advancements and breakthroughs on the horizon along with the challenges and safety concerns related to the widespread acceptance of fuel cells are analysed.
Grundlagen zur Untersuchung kollektiver Medienrezeption
Authors: Schindler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel wird auf die wesentlichen Grundlagen für die vorliegende Arbeit und ihre Fragestellungen eingegangen. Zunächst werden dafür die beiden zentralen Begriffe „Gruppe“ sowie „kollektive Medienrezeption“ als Form kollektiver Informationsverarbeitung geklärt (siehe 2.1). Anschließend wird die gesellschaftliche Relevanz kollektiver Medienrezeption beleuchtet, wobei sowohl ihre Verbreitung als auch ihre Auswirkungen berücksichtigt werden (siehe 2.2). Als Nächstes wird ein Überblick über den theoretischen und methodischen Forschungsstand zu kollektiver Informationsverarbeitung bzw. Gruppenprozessen allgemein gegeben. Dabei wird neben dem Stand der Kleingruppenforschung in der Kommunikationswissenschaft auch der in anderen Disziplinen betrachtet (siehe 2.3). Nach einer kurzen Zusammenfassung wird aus den Erkenntnissen zu Relevanz und Forschungsstand die genaue Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit abgeleitet (siehe 2.4).
Ergebnisse aus Studie I: Validität der Gruppenbefragung
Authors: Schindler Johanna 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden die Ergebnisse von Studie I vorgestellt. In dieser Studie sollte der unter 4.2 vorgestellte standardisierte Gruppenfragebogen getestet, validiert und weiterentwickelt werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine qualitative Beobachtung von acht natürlichen Gruppen beim Ausfüllen des Fragebogens durchgeführt und um eine Gruppendiskussion zur Gestaltung des Fragebogens ergänzt (siehe 4.3 zu Teilnehmer:innengruppen, Ablauf, Auswertungsstrategie und Weiterentwicklung des Fragebogens). Im Folgenden wird zunächst FF1 zur Funktionsweise des kollektiven Ausfüllprozesses beantwortet (siehe 5.1). Anschließend wird FF2 zum Abgleich zwischen gemessenem und tatsächlich beobachtbarem Verhalten bei der Gruppenbefragung beantwortet (siehe 5.2). Am Schluss werden die Ergebnisse mit Bezug auf die Forschungsfragen zusammengefasst und diskutiert (siehe 5.3). Die zentralen Ergebnisse der Gruppendiskussion zur Fragebogengestaltung wurden unter 4.3.4 zusammengefasst.
Systematic study of peak power scaling for an Yb-doped Kerr-lens mode-locked bulk oscillator
Authors: Meyer Johann Gabriel , Khalili Mohsen , Pronin Oleg 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study systematically and experimentally the peak power scalability of a femtosecond Yb:YAG bulk oscillator with separate Kerr and gain medium. We demonstrate that small resonator modifications result in a peak power increase from 93 to 424 kW, corresponding to a repetition rate decrease from 70 to 11 MHz while keeping the pulse duration mostly constant in the range of 90–100 fs. The results are of importance for designing and building up femtosecond oscillators for different applications requiring different repetition rates, such as multiphoton microscopy and ultra-broadband infrared radiation generation.
A systematic review of quantitative studies exploring staff views on antipsychotic use in residents with dementia in care homes
Authors: Raza Amna , Piekarz Hannah , Jawad Sundus , Langran Tim , Donyai Parastou 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Despite significant warnings of adverse effects, antipsychotics continue to be prescribed for managing the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in care homes. Information provided by staff working within care homes is a factor that can influence prescribing decisions in residents with BPSD.

Aim
The review aimed to capture care home staff views towards antipsychotics for residents with BPSD and separately analyse tools utilized in the studies, mapping them onto the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Method
A comprehensive literature search published in ten databases was conducted between May and July 2020 and updated in July 2021. Studies published in full with no date restriction were included and quality assessed using CROSS checklist. A thematic framework approach was applied to extract data and study tools which were then mapped onto the TPB.

Results
Fourteen studies (2059 participants) were included. Findings identified four overarching themes: attitudes toward antipsychotics (e.g. antipsychotics as an appropriate strategy and effectiveness); barriers to deprescribing (e.g. lower staff education, lack of resources and time, poor medication reviews); measures implemented (e.g. nonpharmacological interventions, medication reviews); and perceived needs of staff (e.g. need for training, financial or clinical support). Identified tools addressed seven but not all components of TPB namely, behavioural, normative and control beliefs, attitude, perceived behavioural control, intention and behaviour.

Conclusion
The positive attitudes toward antipsychotics, the identified barriers to deprescribing and the existing tools not addressing all components of the TPB provide the impetus for further research.
Symbiotic Interactions of Archaea in Animal and Human Microbiomes
Authors: Weiland-Bräuer Nancy 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Since the introduction of Archaea as a new domain of life more than 45 years ago, progress in their phylogenetic classification and knowledge of their exclusive biological characteristics has identified archaea as unique microorganisms which are widespread in extreme but also in various moderate ecosystems, including eukaryotic hosts. However, archaea are still neglected players within microbiomes, and research on archaea-bacteria interactions is still in its infancy due to methodological challenges.

Recent Findings
This review summarizes the current knowledge of archaea as components within microbiomes and focuses on their interactions with their bacterial neighbors and the principles of archaeal interactions.

Summary
Archaea are common constituents of animal and human microbiomes, which are dominated by Euryarchaeota. The gastrointestinal tract is the most studied body site, where archaea account for up to 4% of all microorganisms, primarily represented by methanogens. No archaeal pathogen has yet been identified, although methanogens are hypothesized to be indirectly involved in pathogenicity. Archaeal interactions comprise symbiotic relationships, and the cell membrane and wall might be as crucial as quorum sensing/quenching for these interactions. Particularly, syntrophic interactions under energy-deficiency stress seem to be an essential strategy for archaea. However, more research is urgently needed to discover how archaea sense their environment, compete with bacteria, and interact within complex microbiomes associated with multicellular organisms.