bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin‐6 promotes skeletal muscle catabolism by activating tryptophan–indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1–kynurenine pathway during intra‐abdominal sepsis
Authors: Xie Tingbin , Lv Tengfei , Zhang Tenghui , Feng Dengyu , Zhu Feng , Xu Yi , Zhang Liang , Gu Lili , Guo Zhen , Ding Chao , Gong Jianfeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) plays a pivotal role in skeletal muscle degradation after intra‐abdominal sepsis (IAS), with mechanism remained to be elucidated. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1), a key enzyme in converting tryptophan into kynurenine, could be activated by IL‐6, and kynurenine has been shown to be involved in muscle degradation. We hypothesized that IL‐6 could promote muscle degradation via tryptophan–IDO‐1–kynurenine pathway in IAS patients.MethodsSerum and rectus abdominis (RA) were obtained from IAS or non‐IAS patients. Mouse model of IAS‐induced muscle wasting was generated by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. IL‐6 signalling was blocked by anti‐mouse IL‐6 antibody (IL‐6‐AB), and the IDO‐1 pathway was blocked by navoximod. To elucidate the role of kynurenine in muscle mass and physiology, kynurenine was administered to IAS mice treated with IL‐6‐AB.ResultsCompared to non‐IAS patients, kynurenine levels in serum (+2.30‐fold vs. non‐IAS, P < 0.001) and RA (+3.11‐fold vs. non‐IAS, P < 0.001) were elevated, whereas tryptophan levels in serum (−53.65% vs. non‐IAS, P < 0.01) and RA (−61.39% vs. non‐IAS, P < 0.01) were decreased. Serum IL‐6 level of the IAS group was significantly higher compared to non‐IAS patients (+5.82‐fold vs. non‐IAS, P = 0.01), and muscle cross‐sectional area (MCSA) was markedly reduced compared to non‐IAS patients (−27.73% vs. non‐IAS, P < 0.01). In animal experiments, IDO‐1 expression was up‐regulated in the small intestine, colon and blood for CLP or LPS‐treated mice, and there was correlation (R2 = 0.66, P < 0.01) between serum and muscle kynurenine concentrations. Navoximod significantly mitigated IAS‐induced skeletal muscle loss according to MCSA analysis (+22.94% vs. CLP, P < 0.05; +23.71% vs. LPS, P < 0.01) and increased the phosphorylated AKT (+2.15‐fold vs. CLP, P < 0.01; +3.44‐fold vs. LPS, P < 0.01) and myosin heavy chain (+3.64‐fold vs. CLP, P < 0.01; +2.13‐fold vs. LPS, P < 0.01) protein expression in myocytes. In the presence of anti‐IL‐6 antibody, a significantly decreased IDO‐1 expression was observed in the small intestine, colon and blood in CLP or LPS mice (all P < 0.01), whereas the decrease of MCSA was alleviated (+37.43% vs. CLP + IgG, P < 0.001; +30.72% vs. LPS + IgG, P < 0.001). In contrast, additional supplementation of kynurenine decreased the MCSA in septic mice treated with IL‐6‐AB (both P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provided novel insights into the tryptophan–IDO‐1–kynurenine‐dependent mechanisms that underlie inflammatory cytokine‐induced skeletal muscle catabolism during intra‐abdominal sepsis.
Salinity‐dependent changes in branchial morphometry and Na+, K+‐ATPase responses of euryhaline Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer
Authors: Ding Yu‐Chen , Lee Sih‐Shien , Peng Sheng‐Kai , Yang Wen‐Kai , Lee Tsung‐Han 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAsian sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) is a euryhaline fish widely cultured in Asia and Australia. Although it is common to culture Asian sea bass at different salinities, osmoregulatory responses of Asian sea bass during acclimation to various salinities have not been fully observed. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to observe the morphology of the ionocyte apical membrane of Asian sea bass acclimated to fresh water (FW), 10‰ brackish water (BW10), 20‰ brackish water (BW20), and seawater (SW; 35‰). Three types of ionocytes were identified in FW and BW fish: (I) flat type with microvilli, (II) basin type with microvilli, and (III) small−hole type. Flat type I ionocytes were also observed in the lamellae of the FW fish. In contrast, two types of ionocytes were identified in SW fish: (III) small‐hole type and (IV) big‐hole type. Furthermore, we observed Na+, K+‐ATPase (NKA) immunoreactive cells in the gills, which represent the localization of ionocytes. The highest protein abundance was observed in the SW and FW groups, whereas the highest activity was observed in the SW group. In contrast, the BW10 group had the lowest protein abundance and activity. This study demonstrates the effects of osmoregulatory responses on the morphology and density of ionocytes, as well as protein abundance and activity of NKA. In this study, we found that Asian sea bass had the lowest osmoregulatory response in BW10, because the lowest amounts of ionocytes and NKA were required to maintain osmolality at this salinity.
Transition‐metal free synthesis of 2‐pyrones by [3 + 3] annulation of cyclopropenones and sulfur ylides
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Wang Qingqing , Feng Tao , Liu Jikai , Cheung William , Wang Gangqiang , Sun Shaofa , Xing Yalan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA simple and efficient synthesis for 2‐pyrones by [3 + 3] annulation of cyclopropenones and sulfur ylides in the presence of triethyl amine as a base has been developed featuring transition‐metal free conditions, high yields, and excellent functional group compatibility. Using this process, a variety of 2‐pyrones were prepared in good to excellent yields.
Current Standing on Radical Ring‐Opening Polymerizations of Cyclic Ketene Acetals as Homopolymers and Copolymers with one another
Authors: Deng Yiyi , Mehner Fabian , Gaitzsch Jens 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRadical Ring‐opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) emerges to be a valuable polymerization technique. In attracting more attention, RROP has seen a new spike in publications, which the authors will put into perspective. This review will hence address the progress made on the number of available CKAs and the synthetic strategies to get them. In grouping, the available monomers into distinct categories, the enormous variety of available CKAs will be highlighted. Polymerizations of CKAs without vinylenes have the potential to yield fully biodegradable polymers, which is why this kind of polymerization is the focus of this review. Detailing the current understanding of the mechanism, the various side reactions will be noted and also their effect on the overall properties of the final polymers. Current attempts to control the ring‐retaining and branching reactions will be discussed as well. In addition to the polymerization itself, the available materials will be discussed as well as homopolymers, copolymers of CKAs, and block‐copolymers with pure CKA‐blocks have significantly widened the range of possible applications of materials from RROP. Altogether this review highlights the progress in the entire field of RROP just of CKAs to give a holistic overview of the field.
Projected changes in extreme rainfall and temperature events and possible implications for Cameroon's socio‐economic sectors
Authors: Tamoffo Alain T. , Weber Torsten , Akinsanola Akintomide A. , Vondou Derbetini A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtreme events like flooding, droughts and heatwave are among the factors causing huge socio‐economic losses to Cameroonians. Investigating the potential response of rainfall and temperature extremes to global warming is therefore critically needed for tailoring and adjusting the country's policies. Recent datasets have been developed for this purpose within the Coordinated Output for Regional Evaluations (CORDEX‐CORE) initiative, at ~25 km grid spacing. These regional climate models were used to dynamically downscaled four global climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), under the optimistic and pessimistic representative concentration pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. These models were employed in this study for characterizing the response of Cameroon's extreme precipitation and temperature events to global warming, using seven indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. Under global warming, the maximum number of consecutive dry (wet) days' is expected to increase (decrease). However, the annual total rainfall amount is expected to increase, mainly due to the intensification of very wet days and daily rainfall intensity. Furthermore, the temperature‐based indices reveal an increase (decrease) in the total annual hot (cold) days, and overall, changes intensify with increased radiative forcing. The high‐mitigated low‐emission pathway RCP2.6 features attenuated changes, and even sometimes adapts to reverse the sign of changes. Designing reliable policies to limit the risks associated with the above changes is required, as their socio‐economic consequences are likely to include food insecurity, heat‐related illness, population impoverishment, price rises and market instability.
Loss of astrocytic A1 adenosine receptor is involved in a chemotherapeutic agent–induced rodent model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Liu Lin , Xia Lingjie , Cui Yao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsOxaliplatin is a commonly used platinum chemotherapy drug, whereas peripheral neurotoxicity is a widely observed adverse reaction lacking a satisfactory therapeutic strategy. Different adenosine receptors underlying the common neuropathic phenotype play different roles through varied pathophysiological mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the role of adenosine receptor A1 (A1R) in oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain and its potential use in an effective therapeutic strategy.MethodsWe established an oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain model simulating the mode of chemotherapy administration and observed the related neuropathic behavioral phenotype and implicated mechanisms.ResultsFive weekly injections of oxaliplatin for 2 weeks induced a severe and persistent neuropathic pain phenotype in mice. A1R expression in the spinal dorsal horn decreased during this process. Pharmacological intervention against A1R verified its importance in this process. Mechanistically, the loss of A1R expression was mainly attributed to its decreased expression in astrocytes. Consistent with the pharmacological results, the oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathic pain phenotype was blocked by specific therapeutic interventions of A1R in astrocytes via lentiviral vectors, and the expression of glutamate metabolism–related proteins was upregulated. Neuropathic pain can be alleviated by pharmacological or astrocytic interventions via this pathway.DiscussionThese data reveal a specific adenosine receptor signaling pathway involved in oxaliplatin‐induced peripheral neuropathic pain, which is related to the suppression of the astrocyte A1R signaling pathway. This may provide new opportunities for the treatment and management of neuropathic pain observed during oxaliplatin chemotherapy.
A questionnaire to assess the health information literacy of patients with intermediate‐stage chronic kidney disease
Authors: Zhao Fei , Wang Jianyi , Chen Piao , Yimin Hu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the status and influencing factors of health information literacy in patients with intermediate‐stage chronic kidney disease (CKD).DesignA prospective clinical study.MethodsWe used a CKD health information literacy questionnaire to survey 130 patients with intermediate‐stage CKD and valuate their health needs and health knowledge. We performed the study in strict accordance with the Guidelines for Clinical Trial Protocols. We registered the study in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Center (registration No. ChiCTR2100053103; approval No. K56‐1).ResultsThe overall health information literacy of CKD was relatively low. Low education level, advanced age and unemployment were influencing factors. The scores of assessment ability, literacy awareness, application ability, integration ability and CKD health knowledge reserve were relatively low. The generalized linear model showed that the older the men, the lower their health information literacy.
Medical staff's perception of factors contributing to accelerated rehabilitation in patients with cervical spinal cord injury: A qualitative research
Authors: Li Qiuxue , Zhang Qianghuizi , Liu Weiwei , Zhou Zheyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo explore the factors affecting the quality of accelerated rehabilitation for patients with cervical spinal cord injury, therefore, to propose targeted improvement strategies and provide reference for promoting the quality of nursing care for accelerated rehabilitation.DesignThis descriptive qualitative inquiry followed the COREQ guidelines.MethodsFrom December 2020 to April 2021, 16 subjects including orthopaedic nurses, nursing management experts, orthopaedic surgeons, anaesthesiologists and physical therapists experienced in accelerated rehabilitation were selected by objective sampling method to conduct semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview content.ResultsThrough analysis and summary of the interview data, the following two themes and nine sub‐themes were finally extracted. Factors related to the quality of accelerated rehabilitation structure include: construction of multidisciplinary teams, thorough system guarantee and adequate staffing. Factors related to the quality of accelerated rehabilitation process include: inadequate training and assessment, lack of medical staff's awareness, incapability of the accelerated rehabilitation team members, poor multidisciplinary communication and collaboration, lack of patient's awareness, and ineffective health education.ConclusionQuality of implementation of accelerated rehabilitation can be improved by maximizing the role of multidisciplinary team, establishing a flawless accelerated rehabilitation system, increasing allocation of nursing resources, enhancing knowledge of medical staff, improving their awareness of accelerated rehabilitation, establishing personalized clinical pathways of accelerated rehabilitation, increasing communication and collaboration among multidisciplinary disciplines, and improving health education of patients.
A comprehensive review of 30 years of pediatric clinical trial radiotherapy dose constraints
Authors: Vassantachart April , Olch Arthur J. , Jones Marjorie , Marques Christophe , Ronckers Cécile , Constine Louis S. , Maduro John H. , de Boer Charlotte , Wong Kenneth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRadiation therapy normal tissue dose constraints are critical when treating pediatric patients. However, there is limited evidence supporting proposed constraints, which has led to variations in constraints over the years. In this study, we identify these variations in dose constraints within pediatric trials both in the United States and in Europe used in the past 30 years.ProcedureAll pediatric trials from the Children's Oncology Group website were queried from inception until January 2022 and a sampling of European studies was included. Dose constraints were identified and built into an organ‐based interactive web application with filters to display data by organs at risk (OAR), protocol, start date, dose, volume, and fractionation scheme. Dose constraints were evaluated for consistency over time and compared between pediatric US and European trialsResultsOne hundred five closed trials were included—93 US trials and 12 European trials. Thirty‐eight separate OAR were found with high‐dose constraint variability. Across all trials, nine organs had greater than 10 different constraints (median 16, range 11–26), including serial organs. When comparing US versus European dose tolerances, the United States constraints were higher for seven OAR, lower for one, and identical for five. No OAR had constraints change systematically over the last 30 years.ConclusionReview of pediatric dose‐volume constraints in clinical trials showed substantial variability for all OAR. Continued efforts focused on standardization of OAR dose constraints and risk profiles are essential to increase consistency of protocol outcomes and ultimately to reduce radiation toxicities in the pediatric population.
Development and psychometric analysis of a Pediatric Oncology Nurses’ Educational Needs Scale
Authors: Kudubeş Aslı Akdeniz , Semerci Remziye , Özbay Sevil Çınar , Ay Ayşe , Boztepe Handan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground/objectivesIt is important to determine the educational needs of pediatric oncology nurses in order to maximize and implement nursing care interventions. Therefore, this study aims to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine pediatric oncology nurses’ educational needs and examine its psychometric properties.Design/methodsThis methodological study was conducted with 215 pediatric oncology nurses in Turkey between December 2021 and July 2022. Data were collected with the “Nurse Information Form” and “Pediatric Oncology Nurses’ Educational Needs Scale.” IBM SPSS 21.0 and IBM AMOS 25.0 software programs were used for data analysis, and descriptive statistics were used to analyze numeric variables. Exploration and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the scale's factorial structure.ResultsThe factorial analysis was used to test the structural validity of the scale. A five‐factor structure consisting of 42 items was developed. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for “Illness” was .978, “Chemotherapy and Side Effect” was .978, “Another Therapy and Side Effect” was .974, “Palliative Care” was .967, “Supportive Care” was .985, and the total score was .990. Fit indices resulting from the study were χ2/SD: 3.961, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA): 0.072, goodness‐of‐fit index (GFI): 0.95, comparative‐of‐fit index (CFI): 0.96, and normed fit index (NFI): 0.95.ConclusionThe Pediatric Oncology Nurses’ Educational Needs Scale is a valid and reliable scale for pediatric oncology nurses to determine their educational needs.
Cardiovascular outcomes among patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A comparative safety study using US administrative claims data
Authors: Conover Mitchell M. , Weaver James , Fan Bo , Leitz Gerhard , Richarz Ute , Li Qing , Gifkins Dina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular conditions are the most prevalent comorbidity among patients with prostate cancer, regardless of treatment. Additionally, cardiovascular risk has been shown to increase following exposure to certain treatments for advanced prostate cancer. There is conflicting evidence on risk of overall and specific cardiovascular outcomes among men treated for metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We, therefore, sought to compare incidence of serious cardiovascular events among CRPC patients treated with abiraterone acetate plus predniso(lo)ne (AAP) and enzalutamide (ENZ), the two most widely used CRPC therapies.MethodsUsing US administrative claims data, we selected CRPC patients newly exposed to either treatment after August 31, 2012, with prior androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We assessed incidence of hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), ischemic stroke, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the period 30‐days after AAP or ENZ initiation to discontinuation, outcome occurrence, death, or disenrollment. We matched treatment groups on propensity‐scores (PSs) to control for observed confounding to estimate the average treatment effect among the treated (AAP) using conditional Cox proportional hazards models. To account for residual bias, we calibrated our estimates against a distribution of effect estimates from 124 negative‐control outcomes.ResultsThe HHF analysis included 2322 (45.1%) AAP initiators and 2827 (54.9%) ENZ initiators. In this analysis, the median follow‐up times among AAP and ENZ initiators (after PS matching) were 144 and 122 days, respectively. The empirically calibrated hazard ratio (HR) estimate for HHF was 2.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32, 4.94). Corresponding HRs for AMI and ischemic stroke were 1.94 (95% CI: 0.90, 4.18) and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.54, 2.85), respectively.ConclusionsOur study sought to quantify risk of HHF, AMI and ischemic stroke among CRPC patients initiating AAP relative to ENZ within a national administrative claims database. Increased risk for HHF among AAP compared to ENZ users was observed. The difference in myocardial infarction did not attain statistical significance after controlling for residual bias, and no differences were noted in ischemic stroke between the two treatments. These findings confirm labeled warnings and precautions for AAP for HHF and contribute to the comparative real‐world evidence on AAP relative to ENZ.
Effects of strain and Li adsorption on the electronic structure and optical properties of arsenene
Authors: He Jianlin , Liu Guili , Li Xinyue , Wang Yao , Zhang Guoying 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe effects of shear deformation on the electronic structure and optical properties of intrinsic arsenene and arsenene adsorbed Li are investigated using a first‐principles approach. Shear deformation can transform the band gap of intrinsic arsenene from indirect‐direct‐indirect. After the adsorption of Li atoms by arsenene, it transforms from semiconductor to metal with a very obvious hybridization between the 2s orbital of Li and the 4p orbital of As. With the increase of shear deformation, the charge transfer increases and has a good modulation of the absorption coefficient and reflectivity. The adsorption of multiple Li atoms makes the dielectric constant of arsenene more sensitive to low energy spectra and increases the imaginary part of the photoconductivity, which increases the refractive index and decreases the extinction coefficient to some extent.
A qualitative study on self‐image, mental well‐being and fertility among female young adult childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Örtegren Sara , Nilsson Sofia , Jarfelt Marianne , Thurin‐Kjellberg Ann , Järvholm Stina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionYoung female adult childhood cancer survivors have frequently been reported to be concerned about their health, in particular their future fertility. The aim of this study was to examine how self‐image, mental health and perceptions of the fertility of young female adults are affected by the illness.MethodsA qualitative study with interviewer‐administered semistructured questions was performed from May 2018 to October 2020 at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. Fourteen women participated in the study. The median age of the participants was 27 (25–31) years.ResultsThe interviews were recorded and analysed inductively by a thematic approach. Forty‐one codes were created, of these 21 initial codes were found to be related to the aim of the present study. Subsequently, four broad themes were created and these were reanalysed and constituted three main themes, resulting in the labelling: ‘An experience for better and worse’, ‘An everyday life similar and yet different from peers’ and ‘An uncertain fertility’, and a relevant number (11) of inclusive subthemes. Participants expressed that the experience of surviving childhood cancer both strengthened and impaired their everyday life and implied the lack of information about fertility.ConclusionsAlthough a long time, over 10 years, had passed since the cancer treatment for all participants, the experiences of the illness were still present in their lives, both for better and worse. Healthcare workers need to keep this complexity in mind when facing young childhood cancer survivors. Thus, there is a need for individualized support regarding fertility and mental health.