bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What makes a shear-free spherical perfect fluid be inhomogeneous with tidal effects?
Authors: Hakata Jonathan , Goswami Rituparno , Hansraj Chevarra , Maharaj Sunil D. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This is an important and natural question as the spacetime shear, inhomogeneity and tidal effects are all intertwined via the Einstein field equations. Though many solutions with these properties exist in the literature, in this paper we identify, via a geometrical analysis, the important physical reason behind these solutions. We show that such scenarios are possible for limited classes of equations of state that are solutions to a highly nonlinear and fourth order differential equation. To show this, we use a covariant semitetrad spacetime decomposition and present a novel geometrical classification of shear-free Locally Rotationally Symmetric (LRS-II) perfect fluid self-gravitating systems, in terms of the covariantly defined fluid acceleration and the fluid expansion. Noteworthily, we deduce the governing differential equation that gives the possible limited equations of state of matter.
Qspr Modelling of Anti-viral Drugs Through Topological Descriptors
Authors: Sivakumar B. , Rajkumar V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Quantitative Structure property relationship for the anti-viral drugs: Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Ribavirin, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Darunavir, Oseltamivir and Umifenovir through degree based topological descriptors are presented. This QSPR study provides the mathematical relationship between the phsyico-chemical properties and different topological descriptors. This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the data derived from the various topological descriptors of antiviral drugs using a range of statistical parameters. It is further demonstrated that these topological descriptors are closely related to the physicochemical characteristics of the above-mentioned antiviral drugs. The statistical analysis may be useful to the pharmaceutical industry in predicting the properties of antiviral drugs without conducting experiments.
Mapping every adult baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) across the Sahel to uncover the co-existence with rural livelihoods
Authors: huang ke , Brandt Martin , Hiernaux Pierre , Tucker Compton , Rasmussen Laura , Reiner Florian , Li Sizhuo , Kariryaa Ankit , Mugabowindekwe Maurice , Braber Bowy , Small Jennifer , Sino Scott , Fensholt Rasmus 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The iconic baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) is an integral part of rural livelihoods throughout the African continent. However, the combined effects of climate change and increasing global demand for baobab products are currently exerting pressure on the sustainable utilization of these resources. Here we employ sub-meter resolution satellite imagery to identify the presence of nearly 2.8 (± 27.1%) million baobab trees in the Sahel, a dryland region of 1.5 million km2. This achievement is considered an essential step towards an improved management and monitoring system of valuable woody species. Using Senegal as a case country, we find that 94% of rural households have at least one baobab tree in their immediate surrounding, and that the abundance of baobabs is associated with a higher likelihood of people consuming a highly nutritious food group: dark green leafy vegetables. The generated database showcases the feasibility of mapping the location of single tree species at a sub-continental scale, providing vital information in times where human mismanagement and climate change cause the extinction of numerous tree species.
Artificial neural network analysis of Prefrontal fNIRS Blood Oxygenation Recordings
Authors: Ehleben Wilhelm , Horschig Jörn M. , Acker Helmut 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Noninvasive functional near infra-red spectroscopy (fNIRS) measuring brain oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) is a promising technique for studying dementia diseases. fNIRS signals are determined by cerebral and extracerebral factors as for instance neuronal activity, degree of neurovascular coupling (NVC), blood flow dependency on heart rate (HR), ventilation controlling blood oxygenation (SaO2) or autonomic nerve activity (ANA). These factors regulate different body functions such as vascular resistance in coordination with the brain. The simultaneous measurement of as many as possible anatomical and physiological factors during fNIRS of the brain is a prerequisite to interpret fNIRS signals with respect to the degree of brain tissue oxygenation. We measured brain O2Hb-HHb relation by fNIRS and four bipolar EEG recordings simultaneously with HR, blood volume changes, SaO2 and galvanic skin resistance as ANA marker. We analyzed the EEG recordings by a Fourier power analysis (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma frequencies). All modalities together resulted finally in 24 parameters. We investigated their probable influence on the fNIRS brain O2Hb-HHb signal. The importance of each parameter for the fNIRS signal was assessed by nonlinear regression using an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis as a new tool of fNIRS signal interpretation. We applied fNIRS to 5 healthy control patients and to 5 patients with brain disorders (BD) known to have a disturbed NVC as for instance described for Alzheimer disease. The fNIRS recordings of brain O2Hb and HHb of control patients responding to different task challenges like breath holding, odor presentation, skin touching or listening to music is mainly influenced by SaO2 and HR changes masking NVC signals due to low EEG power frequency activities as assessed by ANN. The fNIRS recordings of brain O2Hb and HHb changes of BD patients responding to the different task challenges, however, is mainly influenced by high gamma and low theta EEG power frequencies as expression of high NVC activity. Brain O2Hb-HHb relation in response to different task challenges is significantly reduced in BD patients hinting to a disturbed brain blood microcirculation. These strategies might be useful to follow up the therapeutic success cognition deficiencies in general medicine ambulance.
The association between the number of teeth and frailty among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Ming , Cao Simin , Teng Liting , Xie Xiaohua , Wu Xinjuan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
As people age, tooth loss often accompanies the process of aging in the elderly. There were several studies to explore the association between the number of teeth and frailty among older people, with inconsistent results. We aimed to summarize the evidence for the association between tooth loss and frailty among older adults by using systematic review.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Ovid databases. Observational studies were included to examine the relationship between tooth loss and frailty in older adults. The Newcastle‒Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the studies’ quality.
Results
A total of 1454 articles were identified from the retrieved databases. We extracted 17 studies involving 24,897 participants for the final analysis. The pooled association between the number of teeth and frailty among older adults was 0.98 (Odd ratio, OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97 − 0.99). In addition, older people with fewer than 20 teeth had a higher risk of frailty than those with more than 20 teeth, the pooled OR was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.48 − 2.47). Tooth loss increases the risk of frailty, regardless of age group, study design, setting, and frailty assessment tools (P<0.05).
Conclusions
Our study revealed a negative association between the number of teeth and frailty among older individuals. Furthermore, older people with fewer than 20 teeth faced a higher risk of frailty compared to those with more than 20 teeth.
Longitudinal analysis of quality of life in primary lung cancer patients with chlamydia pneumoniae infection: a time-to-deterioration model
Authors: Chen Zishan , Zhuang Jinman , Liu Maolin , Xu Xinying , Liu Yuhang , Yang Shuyan , Xie Jinbao , Lin Nanlong , Lai Fancai , He Fei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection has been strongly associated with lung cancer, but its impact on patients' Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between pre-treatment Cpn infection and time to deterioration (TTD) of HRQoL in patients with primary lung cancer.
Methods
We conducted a hospital-based prospective study. Cpn infection was detected by microimmunofluorescence method. HRQoL was assessed at baseline and during follow-up using the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire version 3.0 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer (EORTC QLQ-LC13). HRQoL scores were calculated using the QoLR package, and TTD events were determined (minimum clinically significant difference = 5 points). Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of Cpn infection on HRQoL.
Results
For EORTC QLQ-C30, Physical function (PF) and Pain (PA) TTD events on the functional scale and Symptom scale were the most common during follow-up. After adjusting for gender and smoking status, Pre-treatment Cpn IgA + was found to signifcantly delay TTD of Physical functioning (HR = 0.539, 95% CI: 0.291–0.996, P = 0.048). In addition, Cpn IgG + before treatment significantly delayed TTD in Emotional functioning (HR = 0.310, 95% CI: 0.115–0.836, P = 0.021). For EORTC QLQ-LC13, deterioration of dyspnea (LC-DY) was the most common event. However, Cpn infection before treatment had no effect on the TTD of EORTC QLQ-LC13 items.
Conclusions
In EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-LC13, Cpn IgA delayed TTD in Physical functioning and Cpn IgG delayed TTD in Emotional functioning.
Identification an novel classification and nomogram of programmed cell-death patterns for investigating the immune microenvironment and prognosis of postoperative ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Han Lei , Wang Fei , Chen Weiwei , Zhai Qingliang , Zhang Xianghui , Xu Huishu , Zhang Baolin , Wang Yanlin , An Jiajia , Pan Yitong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) is a highly aggressive and often fatal disease that frequently goes undetected until it has already metastasized. The classic treatment for ovarian cancer involves surgery followed by chemotherapy. However, despite the effectiveness of surgery, relapse is still a common occurrence. Unfortunately, there is currently no ideal predictive model for the progression and drug sensitivity of postoperative ovarian cancer patients. Cell death patterns play an important role in tumor progression and have the potential to be used as indicators of postoperative OV prognosis and drug sensitivity.
Materials and methods: A total of 12 PCD patterns were employed to construct novel classification and prognosis model. Bulk transcriptome, single-cell transcriptome, genomics, and clinical information were collected from TCGA-OV, GSE9891, GSE26712, GSE49997 and GSE63885. In addition, single-cell transcriptome data GSE210347 was procured from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for subsequent analysis.
Results: In this study, a novel PCD classification has been employed to phenotype postoperative ovarian cancer patients, revealing that patients in cluster 1 exhibit heightened sensitivity to immune-based therapies. Meanwhile, a programmed cell death index (PCDI) was established using an 8-gene signature with the help of a machine learning algorithm. The PCDI was validated in four independent datasets, and it was found that patients with high-PCDI had a worse prognosis after surgery in OV. The investigation also revealed that PCDI is associated with chemokines, interleukins, interferons, and checkpoint genes, as well as important components of the immune microenvironment, as determined through a comprehensive analysis of bulk and single-cell transcriptomes. In addition, we also found that patients with low-PCDI values may exhibit sensitivity to immunotherapy, while those with high PCDI values may display increased responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Conclusion: This study provides new insights into the significance of programmed cell death (PCD) patterns in ovarian cancer patients following surgery. Through a comprehensive analysis of different cell death patterns, we have developed a novel PCD model and nomogram that can effectively predict the clinical prognosis and drug sensitivity of OV patients post-surgery.
Research Misconduct in Moroccan Medical Professionals: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study on Attitudes and Experiences
Authors: Moujtahid Hajar , Bairi Khalid El , Ammar Nadir , Mbarki Aamer , Belayachi Jihane , Razine Rachid , Abouqal Redouane , Hmamouchi Ihsane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective:
To explore the experiences and attitudes of Moroccan medical students towards research integrity and scientific misconduct.
Methods:
A cross-sectional web survey, incorporating the Research Misbehavior severity score (RMSS-Q) and Kalichman attitudes surveys, was distributed to doctors and medical students in five Moroccan medical universities. The survey, disseminated via email and social media platforms, included close-ended questions to assess attitudes towards research misconduct and gather participants' self-reported experiences with such unethical practices. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors of misconduct.
Results:
A total of 1500 medical students and residents were targeted. 335 of them responded, making a response rate of 22,4%. 57.3% were women and the mean age was 24.5 ±2.18.43.3% of the students were in 5th year whereas 51.6% were in the 6th year of Medical School. Among the participants, only 36.1% reported previous research experience.
Regarding acts of misconduct, 85.62% and 86.7% of respondents expressed agreement with items related to falsification and plagiarism, respectively, as indicated by the Kalichman questionnaire. 63.6% of respondents admitted to engaging in scientific misconduct at least once. No significant associations were found between age, sex, academic level, or research experience and the likelihood of committing misconduct in the multivariable analysis.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, our study underscores the concern of research misconduct among medical students while revealing a considerable gap in comprehending the core factors driving such unethical behavior. This underscores the importance of investigating the effectiveness of targeted training approaches and interventions. By nurturing an environment that promotes research integrity and ethical conduct within the sphere of medical education, we can pave the way for a more conscientious and principled research community.
Transit Pass Ownership as a Potential Source of Heterogeneity in the Determinants of Ride-sourcing Use in Metro Vancouver
Authors: Mash Sk Md , Loa Patrick , Ong Felita , Habib Khandker Nurul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Amid the increased utilization of ride-sourcing, the relationship between these services and public transit received significant attention from policymakers and researchers. Prior studies have found that ride-sourcing has mixed impacts on transit ridership and that transit use tends to be positively associated with ride-sourcing use. However, these studies have primarily treated transit use and transit pass ownership as explanatory variables. Given the potential for ride-sourcing to influence transit use, further work is needed to understand the relationship between these services. To explore whether transit pass ownership is a source of heterogeneity among ride-sourcing users, this study uses an econometric model to explore the impacts of transit pass ownership on the determinants of ride-sourcing use in Metro Vancouver. Using data from a web-based survey, a two-stage model is used to jointly model transit pass ownership, ride-sourcing adoption, and ride-sourcing frequency. The results demonstrate the potential for transit pass ownership to be a source of heterogeneity among ride-sourcing users. Specifically, the factors influencing ride-sourcing use (and the elasticity of these factors) were found to differ based on transit pass ownership. Additionally, the results suggest that attitudes and perceptions toward ride-sourcing can influence transit pass ownership. These findings can help inform targeted approaches to limiting the negative impacts of ride-sourcing on transit use.
Silencing GDI2 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer through activation of p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Ou Wen-Ting , Tan Rong-Jian , Sun Li-Jun , Xu Fei-Peng , Huang Xian-Jin , Quan Zhen-Hao , Zhou Cai-Jin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the effect of silencing GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (GDI2) on colorectal cancer development and possible mechanisms based on transcriptomic analysis.
Methods
The differences in the expression levels of GDI2 in normal colorectal tissues and tumor tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were detected. The correlation of GDI2 expression levels with survival and clinical characteristics of CRC patients was analyzed. The effects of GDI2 expression levels on the biological functions of CRC cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, plate clone formation assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The effect of GDI2 on the proliferation and growth of xenograft tumors was investigated by a xenograft tumor model of CRC in nude mice. Based on transcriptomics, we explored the possible mechanisms and related pathways of the effect of silencing GDI2 on CRC cells. A series of cellular experiments and western blot assays were performed to verify the possible mechanisms and related-pathway of GDI2 action on CRC.
Results
The expression levels of GDI2 in CRC tissues and cells were higher than those in normal tissues and cells. The expression level of GDI2 correlated with clinical characteristics such as lymphatic metastasis, tumor stage, tumor volume and lymphocyte count. Silencing of GDI2 reduced the proliferative activity and migration and invasion ability of CRC cells, as well as inhibited the proliferation of CRC xenograft tumors. The differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in biological processes such as cell cycle arrest and p53 signaling pathway after GDI2 silencing. The percentage of G0/G1 phase cells in CRC cells was increased after silencing GDI2 as verified by flow cytometry. RAB5A was highly associated with the p53 pathway and could interact with TP53 via ZFYVE20 protein. The mutual binding between GDI2 protein and RAB5A protein was verified by immunoprecipitation assay. Silencing GDI2 while overexpressing RAB5A reversed the reduced proliferation, migration and invasion ability as well as cell cycle arrest of CRC cells. Meanwhile, the addition of p53 signaling pathway inhibitor (PFT-α) also reversed the biological effects of silencing GDI2 on CRC cells. The p-p21 and p-p53 protein expression levels were significantly greater in the sh-GDI2 group than in the sh-NC group. However, the p-p21 and p-p53 protein expression levels were reduced after silencing GDI2 while overexpressing RAB5A.
Conclusion
Silencing GDI2 activates the p53 signaling pathway by regulating RAB5A expression levels, which in turn induces cell cycle arrest and ultimately affects the proliferative activity, migration and invasive ability of CRC cells.
Identification of Immunogenic cell death-Related Subgroups and Prognosis Model in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ma Jing , Ren Juan , Chen Hong 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Purpose: Immunogenic cell death (ICD), as a form of regulatory cell death (RCD), influences the occurrence and development of tumors by activating adaptive immune response and altering tumor microenvironment. This research aimed to determine the function of ICD in lung adenocarcinoma and constructed an ICD-related prognostic model.
Methods: Download gene expression and clinical data from the TCGA Cancer Genome Atlas. Two ICD-related subtypes were identified by consensus clustering. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in the TCGA database were then randomly divided into a training set and a test set in a 1:1 ratio. In the training set, Lasso Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to construct a prognostic risk model, and patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, which were validated in the test set. In addition, we established a prognostic Nomogram based on the TCGA-LUAD dataset.
Results: Based on univariate Cox analysis, 28 ICD related genes were screened for consensus clustering analysis, and two ICD subgroups were established. The high expression subgroup of ICD was associated with poor prognosis and abundant immune cell infiltration. In addition, seven prognostic gene features were constructed to predict the OS of LUAD patients, and there was a certain correlation between immune cells and risk scores.
Conclusion: In conclusion, we found ICD-related subtypes and prognostic genes in LUAD, which may have some guiding significance for the survival and treatment of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Innovative Combined Technology With Encapsulated Evoo and Infrared Processing Against Salmonella and Listeria Monocytogenes in Breaded Poultry Products
Authors: Barón-Yusty Marta , Martínez-Hernández Ginés Benito , Ros-Chumillas María , López-Gómez Antonio 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The high Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes risk in poultry products reinforces the urgent need for new technologies with high antimicrobial effects. In that sense, a combined technology consisting of encapsulated Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) during chicken nugget breading combined with infrared processing was hereby studied at three levels (experiments). The high in vitro EVOO antimicrobial activity (up to 74 %), which was 1.2-fold higher against L. monocytogenesthan Salmonella, was enhanced after encapsulation (α-cyclodextrin) by 1.5-2.0 and 1.2-1.6-fold, respectively (Experiment 1). Oil-free processing (infrared and convection ovens) combined with encapsulated EVOO (2.5 and 1.6 % EVOO doses) even enhanced the high in vitro antimicrobial activity of encapsulated EVOO (Experiment 2). In the in vivo study (Experiment 3), infrared (180 ºC, 6.4 min)+convection air (120 ºC, 10 min) processing combined with encapsulated EVOO (1.6 and 2.5 %) within chicken nugget breading of the chicken nuggets achieved in vivo antimicrobial reductions of 60 and 80 % against Salmonella and L. monocytogenes, respectively. In conclusion, this new technology including encapsulated EVOO (1.6-2.5 %) within the breading of chicken nuggets and innovative oil-free processing may ensure the food safety of these poultry products very susceptible to the incidence of Salmonella and L. monocytogenes.
Direct and indirect effects of energy intensity on environmental quality in West Africa
Authors: Kouakou Auguste K. , Soro Nibontenin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the environmental effect of energy intensity and its role in determining the impact of industrial production and transport services on environmental quality in West African countries. Based on co-integration relationships and exogeneity tests, we estimate a vector error correction model with exogenous variables for 14 countries. The results show that economic growth, industrial production, and higher energy intensity increase greenhouse gas emissions in the long term. Thus, improving energy efficiency through a reduction in its intensity should generate a positive environmental impact. Furthermore, increasing energy intensity amplifies the adverse environmental effects of industrialization, confirming a positive relationship between industrialization and environmental quality. The sectoral impact of energy efficiency strategies should therefore be questioned. These findings imply that policymakers in West African countries should implement environmental awareness programs and policies that increase energy efficiency by supporting energy-saving technologies and promoting an eco-friendly transportation policy.