bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between therapist experiential avoidance and observed CBT competence during training: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Presley Vickie L. , Jones Gwion , Marczak Magda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The psychological literature highlights experiential avoidance as a transdiagnostic maintenance factor for a number of psychopathologies. Some attention has been given to therapist experiential avoidance, with the suggestion that this interferes with the acquisition and execution of CBT skills; there is, however, a paucity of research directly examining this relationship. This study aimed to measure experiential avoidance in trainee cognitive behavioural therapists, and establish any relationships with observed clinical competence. Twenty-nine trainee therapists took part in the study; levels of experiential avoidance were measured using the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire and were analysed in relation to observed CBT skills assessed using the Cognitive Therapy Scale (Revised). No overall relationship between therapist experiential avoidance and clinical competency was observed. However, a number of significant associations were observed between individual dimensions of therapist experiential avoidance and CBT skills in collaboration, guided discovery, conceptual integration and homework setting. Aspects of therapist experiential avoidance during training may therefore be associated with the acquisition of key CBT skills. Tentative interpretations and recommendations for CBT training and supervision have been made, although further investigation is required.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the role of experiential avoidance in psychopathology.

(2)
To understand the relevance of client experiential avoidance as part of CBT treatment.

(3)
To examine the potential impact of therapist experiential avoidance on the development and execution of key CBT skills.

(4)
To consider implications for CBT training, supervision and clinical practice.
Religion and Child Death in Ireland’s Industrial Capital: Belfast 1911
Authors: Scalone Francesco , Pozzi Lucia , Kennedy Liam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIreland is often seen as an outlier within the western world in terms of demographic behavior. As a society it has also been noted for its religious fervor, including religious division, at least until fairly recently. Might there be connections historically between these two spheres? One intriguing area of enquiry relates to possible links between religious denomination and child mortality. We explore this possibility using individual-level data from the household schedules of the Irish Census of 1911. The study area is Belfast, Ireland’s leading industrial city, which allows for a wide range of occupational and social class differences. Combining regression techniques and the mortality index proposed by Preston and Haines (1991), we seek to tease out the relationship between child mortality and religious affiliation while controlling for a range of other explanatory variables. We show that religious identity is clearly associated with different infant and child mortality outcomes. Of the three major religious denominations, Catholics suffered the most from high infant mortality, Church of Ireland (Anglican) families were only a little better off, while the largest Protestant denomination, the Presbyterians, had the best infant mortality outcomes. These differences were related, in the main, to the varying socioeconomic composition of the three major religious denominations but religious affiliation also mattered in its own right.
Re‐Examining Temporal Variations in Intermediate‐Depth Seismicity
Authors: Wimpenny Sam , Craig Tim , Marcou Savvas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChanges in the frequency of intermediate‐depth (60–300 km) earthquakes in response to static stress transfer can provide insights into the mechanisms of earthquake generation within subducting slabs. In this study, we use the most up‐to‐date global and regional earthquake catalogs to show that both the aftershock productivity of large earthquakes, and the changes in the frequency of intermediate‐depth earthquakes around the timing of major megathrust slip, support the view that faults within the slab are relatively insensitive to static stress transfer on the order of earthquake stress drops. We interpret these results to suggest the population of faults within the slab are much further from their failure stress than is typical for shallow fault systems. We also find that aftershock productivity varies within slabs over small spatial scales, indicating that the mechanism that enables faults to rupture at intermediate depths is likely to be spatially heterogeneous over length‐scales of a few tens of kilometres. We suggest dehydration‐related weakening mechanisms can best account for this heterogeneity.
Stagnant North Atlantic Deep Water Heat Uptake With Reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation During the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Barragán‐Montilla S. , Mulitza S. , Johnstone H. J. H. , Pälike H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a major role in the climate system by modulating the depth and rate of oceanic heat storage. Some climate simulations suggest that reduced AMOC decreases bottom water ventilation and that the heat absorbed by the ocean starts to mix downwards, warming Atlantic intermediate waters. This has been corroborated for the western North Atlantic by benthic foraminifera geochemical records from periods of reduced AMOC during the last deglaciation. However, the deep‐water response remains poorly constrained, and the lack of direct paleotemperature reconstructions limits our understanding about the effects of reduced circulation on ocean heat uptake. We present a new reconstruction of bottom water temperatures from core GeoB9508‐5 (2,384 m water depth, 15°29.90°N/17°56.88°W) off the northwestern African Margin. Our paleotemperature record, based on Uvigerina spp. Mg/Ca, shows two episodes of intense transient deep water warming in times of decreasing overturning circulation, followed by long periods of heat uptake stagnation. First, during AMOC slowdown in the Heinrich stadial 1, when paleotemperatures of ∼2°C persisted for ∼5.4 Kyr coincident with the weakest stage of AMOC; and second in the Younger Dryas, when bottom water temperatures >4°C lasted ∼2.5 Kyr during a less intense AMOC decline. This suggests a stagnation of deep‐water heat uptake in the deep NE Atlantic possibly linked to a reduced downward advection of heat during times of a reduced AMOC, supporting the hypothesis that AMOC strength sets the depth of oceanic heat storage in the North Atlantic.
Emission of Rn and CO2From Soil at Fault Zones Caused by Seismic Waves
Authors: Liu Lei , Chen Zhi , Li Ying , Liu Zhaofei , Hu Le , Wang Xiang , Yang Longxing , Du Jianguo , Zhou Xiaocheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the search for precursors to earthquakes, correlation has been found between geochemical characteristics of soil gases and seismic activity. In this paper we present evidence that seismic waves can trigger emission of soil radon (Rn) and carbon dioxide (CO2). An active experiment was performed in two fault zones in China, the Annighe fault in Sichuan province and the Xiadian fault in Heibei province. An active seismic source was used to generate seismic waves at 10 m depth in wells within bedrock. Rn and CO2detectors were placed around the wells at a distance of ∼1 m for observing the effects of the seismic waves on the emission of the gases. The observations confirm that the seismic waves have a significant and direct effect on the concentration and flux of soil radon and carbon dioxide. When the seismic events were triggered, the observed concentrations of Rn and CO2immediately increased and reached peak values within 5–50 min and 30–60 min, with corresponding increases of Rn and CO2concentrations by 10.5%–238.7% and 3.1%–54.1%, respectively. The measured concentrations and flux of CO2and Rn after the passage of the seismic waves showed strong correlation, confirming the suggestion that CO2is the carrier gas for Rn. To the best of our knowledge this is the first direct, in‐situ measurement of gas emission caused by the passage of seismic waves and provides important constraints for better understanding of geochemical earthquake precursors.
Structural insights into mechanisms of Argonaute protein-associated NADase activation in bacterial immunity
Authors: Wang Xiaoshen , Li Xuzichao , Yu Guimei , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Chendi , Wang Yong , Liao Fumeng , Wen Yanan , Yin Hang , Liu Xiang , Wei Yong , Li Zhuang , Deng Zengqin , Zhang Heng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolite in cellular processes. Depletion of NAD+ has been demonstrated to be a prevalent theme in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic immune responses. Short prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (Agos) are associated with NADase domain-containing proteins (TIR-APAZ or SIR2-APAZ) encoded in the same operon. They confer immunity against mobile genetic elements, such as bacteriophages and plasmids, by inducing NAD+ depletion upon recognition of target nucleic acids. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of such prokaryotic NADase/Ago immune systems remain unknown. Here, we report multiple cryo-EM structures of NADase/Ago complexes from two distinct systems (TIR-APAZ/Ago and SIR2-APAZ/Ago). Target DNA binding triggers tetramerization of the TIR-APAZ/Ago complex by a cooperative self-assembly mechanism, while the heterodimeric SIR2-APAZ/Ago complex does not assemble into higher-order oligomers upon target DNA binding. However, the NADase activities of these two systems are unleashed via a similar closed-to-open transition of the catalytic pocket, albeit by different mechanisms. Furthermore, a functionally conserved sensor loop is employed to inspect the guide RNA–target DNA base pairing and facilitate the conformational rearrangement of Ago proteins required for the activation of these two systems. Overall, our study reveals the mechanistic diversity and similarity of Ago protein-associated NADase systems in prokaryotic immune response.
Optimizing adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism subtyping through LC–MS/MS and secretion ratios of aldosterone, 18-oxocortisol, and 18-hydroxycortisol
Authors: Chang Yu-Ling , Chen Guan-Yuan , Lee Bo-Ching , Chen Po-Ting , Liu Kao-Lang , Chang Chin-Chen , Weng Te-I , Wu Vin-Cent , Lin Yen-Hung ,   the TAIPAI Study Group
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the gold standard for identifying curable unilateral aldosterone excess in primary aldosteronism (PA). Studies have demonstrated the value of steroid profiling through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in AVS interpretation. First, the performance of LC–MS/MS and immunoassay in assessing selectivity and lateralization was compared. Second, the utility of the proportion of individual steroids in adrenal veins in subtyping PA was analyzed. We enrolled 75 consecutive patients with PA who underwent AVS between 2020 and 2021. Fifteen adrenal steroids were analyzed in peripheral and adrenal veins through LC–MS/MS before and after adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Through selectivity index that was based on cortisol and alternative steroids, LC–MS/MS rescued 45% and 66% of failed cases judged by immunoassay in unstimulated and stimulated AVS, respectively. LC–MS/MS identified more unilateral diseases than did immunoassay (76% vs. 45%, P < 0.05) and provided adrenalectomy opportunities to 69% of patients judged through immunoassay to have bilateral disease. The secretion ratios (individual steroid concentration/total steroid concentration) of aldosterone, 18-oxocortisol, and 18-hydroxycortisol were novel indicators for identifying unilateral PA. The 18-oxocortisol secretion ratio of ≥0.785‰ (sensitivity/specificity: 0.90/0.77) at pre-ACTH and aldosterone secretion ratio of ≤0.637‰ (sensitivity/specificity: 0.88/0.85) at post-ACTH enabled optimal accuracy for predicting ipsilateral and contralateral disease, respectively, in robust unilateral PA. LC–MS/MS improved the success rate of AVS and identified more unilateral diseases than immunoassay. The secretion ratios of steroids can be used to discriminate the broad PA spectrum.
Hydrogen and dark oxygen drive microbial productivity in diverse groundwater ecosystems
Authors: Ruff S. Emil , Humez Pauline , de Angelis Isabella Hrabe , Diao Muhe , Nightingale Michael , Cho Sara , Connors Liam , Kuloyo Olukayode O. , Seltzer Alan , Bowman Samuel , Wankel Scott D. , McClain Cynthia N. , Mayer Bernhard , Strous Marc 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAround 50% of humankind relies on groundwater as a source of drinking water. Here we investigate the age, geochemistry, and microbiology of 138 groundwater samples from 95 monitoring wells (<250 m depth) located in 14 aquifers in Canada. The geochemistry and microbiology show consistent trends suggesting large-scale aerobic and anaerobic hydrogen, methane, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling carried out by diverse microbial communities. Older groundwaters, especially in aquifers with organic carbon-rich strata, contain on average more cells (up to 1.4 × 107 mL−1) than younger groundwaters, challenging current estimates of subsurface cell abundances. We observe substantial concentrations of dissolved oxygen (0.52 ± 0.12 mg L−1 [mean ± SE]; n = 57) in older groundwaters that seem to support aerobic metabolisms in subsurface ecosystems at an unprecedented scale. Metagenomics, oxygen isotope analyses and mixing models indicate that dark oxygen is produced in situ via microbial dismutation. We show that ancient groundwaters sustain productive communities and highlight an overlooked oxygen source in present and past subsurface ecosystems of Earth.
Embryonic vitamin D deficiency programs hematopoietic stem cells to induce type 2 diabetes
Authors: Oh Jisu , Riek Amy E. , Bauerle Kevin T. , Dusso Adriana , McNerney Kyle P. , Barve Ruteja A. , Darwech Isra , Sprague Jennifer E. , Moynihan Clare , Zhang Rong M. , Kutz Greta , Wang Ting , Xing Xiaoyun , Li Daofeng , Mrad Marguerite , Wigge Nicholas M. , Castelblanco Esmeralda , Collin Alejandro , Bambouskova Monika , Head Richard D. , Sands Mark S. , Bernal-Mizrachi Carlos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEnvironmental factors may alter the fetal genome to cause metabolic diseases. It is unknown whether embryonic immune cell programming impacts the risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. We demonstrate that transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) made vitamin D deficient in utero induce diabetes in vitamin D-sufficient mice. Vitamin D deficiency epigenetically suppresses Jarid2 expression and activates the Mef2/PGC1a pathway in HSCs, which persists in recipient bone marrow, resulting in adipose macrophage infiltration. These macrophages secrete miR106-5p, which promotes adipose insulin resistance by repressing PIK3 catalytic and regulatory subunits and down-regulating AKT signaling. Vitamin D-deficient monocytes from human cord blood have comparable Jarid2/Mef2/PGC1a expression changes and secrete miR-106b-5p, causing adipocyte insulin resistance. These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency during development has epigenetic consequences impacting the systemic metabolic milieu.
Coordinated adaptations define the ontogenetic shift from worm- to fish-hunting in a venomous cone snail
Authors: Rogalski Aymeric , Himaya S. W. A. , Lewis Richard J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMarine cone snails have attracted researchers from all disciplines but early life stages have received limited attention due to difficulties accessing or rearing juvenile specimens. Here, we document the culture of Conus magus from eggs through metamorphosis to reveal dramatic shifts in predatory feeding behaviour between post-metamorphic juveniles and adult specimens. Adult C. magus capture fish using a set of paralytic venom peptides combined with a hooked radular tooth used to tether envenomed fish. In contrast, early juveniles feed exclusively on polychaete worms using a unique “sting-and-stalk” foraging behaviour facilitated by short, unbarbed radular teeth and a distinct venom repertoire that induces hypoactivity in prey. Our results demonstrate how coordinated morphological, behavioural and molecular changes facilitate the shift from worm- to fish-hunting in C. magus, and showcase juvenile cone snails as a rich and unexplored source of novel venom peptides for ecological, evolutionary and biodiscovery studies.
Berry curvature contributions of kagome-lattice fragments in amorphous Fe–Sn thin films
Authors: Fujiwara Kohei , Kato Yasuyuki , Abe Hitoshi , Noguchi Shun , Shiogai Junichi , Niwa Yasuhiro , Kumigashira Hiroshi , Motome Yukitoshi , Tsukazaki Atsushi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAmorphous semiconductors are widely applied to electronic and energy-conversion devices owing to their high performance and simple fabrication processes. The topological concept of the Berry curvature is generally ill-defined in amorphous solids, due to the absence of long-range crystalline order. Here, we demonstrate that the Berry curvature in the short-range crystalline order of kagome-lattice fragments effectively contributes to the anomalous electrical and magneto-thermoelectric properties in Fe–Sn amorphous films. The Fe–Sn films on glass substrates exhibit large anomalous Hall and Nernst effects comparable to those of the single crystals of topological semimetals Fe3Sn2 and Fe3Sn. With modelling, we reveal that the Berry curvature contribution in the amorphous state likely originates from randomly distributed kagome-lattice fragments. This microscopic interpretation sheds light on the topology of amorphous materials, which may lead to the realization of functional topological amorphous electronic devices.
Natural history of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study
Authors: Hastie Claire E. , Lowe David J. , McAuley Andrew , Mills Nicholas L. , Winter Andrew J. , Black Corri , Scott Janet T. , O’Donnell Catherine A. , Blane David N. , Browne Susan , Ibbotson Tracy R. , Pell Jill P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious studies on the natural history of long-COVID have been few and selective. Without comparison groups, disease progression cannot be differentiated from symptoms originating from other causes. The Long-COVID in Scotland Study (Long-CISS) is a Scotland-wide, general population cohort of adults who had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection matched to PCR-negative adults. Serial, self-completed, online questionnaires collected information on pre-existing health conditions and current health six, 12 and 18 months after index test. Of those with previous symptomatic infection, 35% reported persistent incomplete/no recovery, 12% improvement and 12% deterioration. At six and 12 months, one or more symptom was reported by 71.5% and 70.7% respectively of those previously infected, compared with 53.5% and 56.5% of those never infected. Altered taste, smell and confusion improved over time compared to the never infected group and adjusted for confounders. Conversely, late onset dry and productive cough, and hearing problems were more likely following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Predicting the antigenic evolution of SARS-COV-2 with deep learning
Authors: Han Wenkai , Chen Ningning , Xu Xinzhou , Sahil Adil , Zhou Juexiao , Li Zhongxiao , Zhong Huawen , Gao Elva , Zhang Ruochi , Wang Yu , Sun Shiwei , Cheung Peter Pak-Hang , Gao Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe relentless evolution of SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant threat to public health, as it adapts to immune pressure from vaccines and natural infections. Gaining insights into potential antigenic changes is critical but challenging due to the vast sequence space. Here, we introduce the Machine Learning-guided Antigenic Evolution Prediction (MLAEP), which combines structure modeling, multi-task learning, and genetic algorithms to predict the viral fitness landscape and explore antigenic evolution via in silico directed evolution. By analyzing existing SARS-CoV-2 variants, MLAEP accurately infers variant order along antigenic evolutionary trajectories, correlating with corresponding sampling time. Our approach identified novel mutations in immunocompromised COVID-19 patients and emerging variants like XBB1.5. Additionally, MLAEP predictions were validated through in vitro neutralizing antibody binding assays, demonstrating that the predicted variants exhibited enhanced immune evasion. By profiling existing variants and predicting potential antigenic changes, MLAEP aids in vaccine development and enhances preparedness against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
A chemiresistive-potentiometric multivariate sensor for discriminative gas detection
Authors: Zhang Hong , Zhang Zuobin , Li Zhou , Han Hongjie , Song Weiguo , Yi Jianxin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHighly efficient gas sensors able to detect and identify hazardous gases are crucial for numerous applications. Array of conventional single-output sensors is currently limited by problems including drift, large size, and high cost. Here, we report a sensor with multiple chemiresistive and potentiometric outputs for discriminative gas detection. Such sensor is applicable to a wide range of semiconducting electrodes and solid electrolytes, which allows to tailor and optimize the sensing pattern by tuning the material combination and conditions. The sensor performance is boosted by equipping a mixed-conducting perovskite electrode with reverse potentiometric polarity. A conceptual sensor with dual sensitive electrodes achieves superior three-dimensional (sub)ppm sensing and discrimination of humidity and seven hazardous gases (2-Ethylhexanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide), and enables accurate and early warning of fire hazards. Our findings offer possibilities to design simple, compact, inexpensive, and highly efficient multivariate gas sensors.
A single-domain green fluorescent protein catenane
Authors: Qu Zhiyu , Fang Jing , Wang Yu-Xiang , Sun Yibin , Liu Yajie , Wu Wen-Hao , Zhang Wen-Bin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNatural proteins exhibit rich structural diversity based on the folds of an invariably linear chain. Macromolecular catenanes that cooperatively fold into a single domain do not belong to the current protein universe, and their design and synthesis open new territories in chemistry. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and properties of a single-domain green fluorescent protein catenane via rewiring the connectivity of GFP’s secondary motifs. The synthesis could be achieved in two steps via a pseudorotaxane intermediate or directly via expression in cellulo. Various proteins-of-interest may be inserted at the loop regions to give fusion protein catenanes where the two subunits exhibit enhanced thermal resilience, thermal stability, and mechanical stability due to strong conformational coupling. The strategy can be applied to other proteins with similar fold, giving rise to a family of single-domain fluorescent proteins. The results imply that there may be multiple protein topological variants with desirable functional traits beyond their corresponding linear protein counterparts, which are now made accessible and fully open for exploration.