bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Machine Learning for Convective Weather
Authors: McGovern Amy , Chase Randy J. , Flora Montgomery , Gagne David J. , Lagerquist Ryan , Potvin Corey K. , Snook Nathan , Loken Eric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
We present an overview of recent work on using artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) techniques for forecasting convective weather and its associated hazards, including tornadoes, hail, wind, and lightning. These high-impact phenomena globally cause both massive property damage and loss of life, yet they are very challenging to forecast. Given the recent explosion in developing ML techniques across the weather spectrum and the fact that the skillful prediction of convective weather has immediate societal benefits, we present a thorough review of the current state of the art in AI and ML techniques for convective hazards. Our review includes both traditional approaches, including support vector machines and decision trees, as well as deep learning approaches. We highlight the challenges in developing ML approaches to forecast these phenomena across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. We end with a discussion of promising areas of future work for ML for convective weather, including a discussion of the need to create trustworthy AI forecasts that can be used for forecasters in real time and the need for active cross-sector collaboration on testbeds to validate ML methods in operational situations.

Significance Statement
We provide an overview of recent machine learning research in predicting hazards from thunderstorms, specifically looking at lightning, wind, hail, and tornadoes. These hazards kill people worldwide and also destroy property and livestock. Improving the prediction of these events in both the local space as well as globally can save lives and property. By providing this review, we aim to spur additional research into developing machine learning approaches for convective hazard prediction.
Postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with congenital heart disease; the effect of place of initiation
Authors: AbuHassan Hanan R , Arafat Amr A , Albabtain Monirah A , Alwadai Abdullah H , AlArwan Khaled M , Ali Amira A , Rasheed Sadia , Babikr Nida B , Shaikh Shawana F 
Published: May 2023

Background Postcardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in pediatric patients can be affected by the place of initiation, either in the operating room (OR) or the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (PCICU). This study aimed to characterize and compare patients who had postcardiotomy ECMO initiation in the OR or PCICU and evaluate risk factors for hospital mortality. Methods This retrospective study included 103 patients who required postcardiotomy ECMO support after the repair of congenital cardiac lesions from 2010 to 2022. Patients were grouped according to the place of ECMO insertion into two groups. Group 1 ( n = 69) had ECMO insertion in the OR, and Group 2 ( n = 34) had ECMO insertion in the PCICU. Results Cardiac arrest occurred significantly more often in patients with ECMO insertion in the PCICU (21 (61.76%) vs. 13 (18.84%); p < 0.001). Pre-ECMO lactate levels, pH, VIS, base deficit, and PaO2 did not differ between the groups. Re-exploration for bleeding was significantly higher in Group 1 (32 (46.38%) vs. 8 (23.53%); p = 0.03). Cannula repositioning (4 (11.76%) v. 2 (2.90%); p = 0.09) and mechanical ventilation time were nonsignificantly higher in Group 2 (19.5 (10–31) vs. 11 (5–25) days; p = 0.07). No difference in mortality was found between groups (42 (60.87%) vs. 23 (67.65%), p = 0.50). By multivariable analysis, elevated lactate on ECMO and low pH before ECMO were associated with mortality. Conclusions ECMO insertion in the OR has a comparable mortality rate to PCICU insertion. Pre-ECMO low pH and high lactate during ECMO could predict mortality.
Expression and clinical significance of DOK3 in renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , Hu Yu-Qi , Hu Yu-Ning , Bai Yu-Chen , Wang Heng , Zhang Qi 
Published: May 2023

Objectives Docking Protein 3 (DOK3) is an adapter protein that has been implicated in various cellular processes relevant to diseases, such as cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of DOK3 in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) by examining how its expression levels are correlated with patient characteristics and prognosis. Methods We analyzed KIRC-related data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used several bioinformatics tools, such as LinkedOmics and Oncomine, to evaluate DOK3 mRNA expression in KIRC. DOK3 protein expression was examined in 150 clinical KIRC samples and 100 non-cancerous renal tissues with immunohistochemistry assays. The prognostic value of DOK3 mRNA expression on patient overall survival was analyzed retrospectively using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression analyses. Results DOK3 mRNA expression was notably higher in KIRC samples compared with normal tissues. Significant correlations were found between DOK3 mRNA expression levels and tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and pathological grade using the bioinformatics data. This was confirmed at the protein level with immunohistochemistry data. Survival analyses indicated that elevated DOK3 expression is linked to a lower overall survival rate in KIRC patients. Conclusions DOK3 is a potential biomarker for determining KIRC patient clinical prognosis.
Effectiveness of three calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine: A 12-month, single-center, observational real-world study in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Suzuki Shiho , Shiina Tomohiko , Tatsumoto Muneto , Fujita Hiroaki , Haruyama Yasuo , Hirata Koichi 
Published: May 2023

Background Real-world data on the effectiveness of calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) in migraine patients are needed. Methods We performed a single-center, real-world study with an observation period of up to 12 months (mean 7.5 ± 3.4 months) after CGRP mAb administration. A total of 228 Japanese patients with episodic or chronic migraine (age, 45.9 ± 13.2 years; 184F; 45 erenumab; 60 galcanezumab; 123 fremanezumab) who were treated with CGRP mAbs for at least three months were ultimately included in this study. Results In the total cohort, after CGRP mAb treatment, mean monthly migraine days decreased by 7.2 ± 4.8, 8.3 ± 4.7, and 9.5 ± 5.0 at three, six and 12 months, respectively. The ≥50% monthly migraine day reduction rates at three, six and 12 months were 48.2%, 61.0% and 73.7%, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, the presence of osmophobia and fewer baseline monthly migraine days contributed to ≥50% responders at three, six and 12 months. The ≥50% responders at three or six months were useful in predicting ≥50% responders at 12 months. In subgroups of patients with difficult-to-treat migraine (those with medication overuse headache or psychiatric comorbidities) and previous CGRP mAb users, monthly migraine days were substantially reduced over 12 months. There was no difference in monthly migraine day reduction over 12 months among three different CGRP mAbs. Adverse reactions were observed in 28 (12.3%) patients, with injection site reactions being the most common (n = 22) though generally mild in severity. Conclusion This real-world study confirmed the efficacy and safety of three different CGRP mAbs for prophylactic treatment of patients with migraine.
Reliability assessment for hybrid solar tower under near-fault pulse-like ground motions using Kriging surrogate and subset simulation
Authors: Ding Yanqiong , Xu Yazhou , Bai Guoliang 
Published: May 2023

Concentrated solar towers are commonly designed as high-rise hybrid structures, which exhibit properties of non-uniform mass and rigidity along the height of the tower, and consequently are vulnerable to strong seismic ground motions. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the seismic performance of a hybrid solar tower, which is one of the tallest hybrid solar towers in the world. The hybrid solar tower includes a reinforced concrete tube at the bottom and a steel-truss tube at the top and is subjected to near-fault pulse-like ground motions. A simulation technique that utilizes the stochastic point-source model and a velocity pulse model was introduced to generate stochastic pulse-like ground motions. The stochastic response of the hybrid solar tower to near-fault pulse-like ground motions was computed to estimate the tower’s reliability. To enhance the efficiency of reliability estimation, an algorithm combining the Kriging surrogate and subset simulation (K-SS) was presented. The aggregate response of the tower was found to be significantly more damaging over the border of the reinforced concrete tube and the steel-truss tube than below the border. The study found that the hybrid solar tower has a reliability of 90.53% when subjected to stochastic near-fault pulse-like ground motions with a peak ground acceleration of 0.62 g. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the seismic performance of high-rise hybrid solar towers under near-fault pulse-like ground motions.
Frailty and Polypharmacy in Primary Care
Authors: Derhem Baki , Özsari Süleyman 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a clinical judgement-based frailty tool developed from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Many studies on the measurement of frailty and its effect on clinical outcomes have been conducted on patients hospitalized, especially in intensive care units. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between polypharmacy and frailty on outpatient older adult patients in primary care. Materials and Method This cross-sectional study included 298 patients who were aged ≥65 years and admitted to Yenimahalle Family Health Center between May-2022 and July-2022. Frailty was evaluated by using CFS. Polypharmacy was defined as five medications or more and “excessive polypharmacy” as 10 medications or more. The medications below five are grouped as “no polypharmacy”. Results There was a statistically significance between age groups, gender, smoking status, marital status, polypharmacy status, and FS ( p = .003 and η2: .20; p < .001 and Cohen d: .80; p = .018 and Cohen d: .35; p < .001 and Cohen d: 1.10 and p < .001 and η2: 1.45 respectively). A strong, positive correlation was found between polypharmacy and the frailty score. Conclusion Polypharmacy, especially excessive polypharmacy, may be a promising adjunct to frailty in identifying older patients whose health is more likely to worsen. Providers in primary care should also consider frailty when prescribing drugs.
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: Diagnosis and Long-Term Ventilatory Outcomes
Authors: Fain Mary Ellen , Westbrook Adrianna L , Kasi Ajay S 
Published: May 2023

Background: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disease caused by variants in the paired-like homeobox 2B ( PHOX2B) gene, affects regulation of respiration necessitating lifelong assisted ventilation (AV). Most patients require full-time AV during infancy and some patients may sustain adequate spontaneous ventilation during wakefulness and change AV modalities at a later age. The aims of this study were to assess the changes in duration and modalities of AV, long-term respiratory outcomes, and to correlate them with PHOX2B genotypes. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with CCHS treated at our institution between January 1997 and May 2022. Results analyzed included: clinical presentation, PHOX2B genotype, modality and duration of AV at diagnosis and follow-up, survival, and transition to adult care. Results: We identified 30 patients with CCHS—8 with PHOX2B nonpolyalanine repeat mutations (NPARMs), 21 with polyalanine repeat mutations (PARMs), and 1 with unknown PHOX2B genotype. The median age at presentation was 0.25 months (IQR 0.1-0.7 months). At diagnosis of CCHS, 24 (80%) patients required continuous AV and 28 (93%) received AV via tracheostomy. Twenty-six patients required sleep-only AV at a median age of 9 months (IQR 6-14 months). Nine patients requiring sleep-only AV underwent tracheostomy decannulation at a median age of 11.2 years (IQR 5.9-15.7 years) and used noninvasive positive pressure ventilation or diaphragm pacing. There was insufficient evidence to conclude that patients with PARMs and NPARMs differed by age at presentation ( P = .39), tracheostomy ( P = .06), and transition to sleep-only AV ( P = .9). Six patients transitioned to adult care, 23 continued receiving pediatric care, and 1 patient died due to complications from Hirschsprung’s disease. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates prolonged survival and good long-term respiratory outcomes possibly related to the early diagnosis of CCHS, optimizing AV strategies, and multidisciplinary care. The increasing number of patients attaining adulthood highlights the necessity for multidisciplinary care for adults with CCHS.
Somatic and Depressive Symptoms Among Children From Latin America and the English-Speaking Caribbean
Authors: Gibson Roger C , Lowe Gillian , Lipps Garth , Jules Mia A , Romero-Acosta Kelly , Daley Avril 
Published: May 2023

Background The extent to which depression is associated with somatic complaints in children from the English-speaking Caribbean and Latin America is not well established. Objective We sought to explore the association between depressive and somatic symptoms among children from the English-speaking Caribbean and Latin America, while accounting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, cultural background, and anxiety score. Method 1541 elementary school children, ages 9–12 years, from the English-speaking Caribbean and Latin America completed the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ARDS), the Numeric 0–10 Anxiety Self-Report Scale and the Children’s Somatic Symptom Inventory-24 (CSSI-24). T-tests and ANOVA’s were used to compare CSSI-24 and ARDS scores among countries, and the CSSI-24 scores of children with (ARDS ≥ 4) and without likely clinically significant depression. Regression analyses assessed possible predictors of CSSI-24 score. Results Depressive and somatic symptom scores were highest among the Jamaican children and lowest among the Colombian children ( p < .001). Children with likely clinically significant depression exhibited higher mean somatic symptom scores ( p < .001). Depressive symptom scores predicted somatic symptom scores ( p < .001). Conclusions Depressive symptoms were a strong predictor of reporting somatic symptoms. Knowledge of this association may facilitate better recognition of depression among youth.
Prediction of Non-Home Discharge Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in Geriatric Patients
Authors: Yeramosu Teja , Wait Jacob , Kates Stephen L. , Golladay Gregory J. , Patel Nirav K. , Satpathy Jibanananda 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The majority of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients are discharged home postoperatively, however, many still require continued medical care. We aimed to identify important characteristics that predict nonhome discharge in geriatric patients undergoing THA using machine learning. We hypothesize that our analyses will identify variables associated with decreased functional status and overall health to be predictive of non-home discharge. Materials and Methods Elective, unilateral, THA patients above 65 years of age were isolated in the NSQIP database from 2018-2020. Demographic, pre-operative, and intraoperative variables were analyzed. After splitting the data into training (75%) and validation (25%) data sets, various machine learning models were used to predict non-home discharge. The model with the best area under the curve (AUC) was further assessed to identify the most important variables. Results In total, 19,840 geriatric patients undergoing THA were included in the final analyses, of which 5194 (26.2%) were discharged to a non-home setting. The RF model performed the best and identified age above 78 years (OR: 1.08 [1.07, 1.09], P < .0001), as the most important variable when predicting non-home discharge in geriatric patients with THA, followed by severe American Society of Anesthesiologists grade (OR: 1.94 [1.80, 2.10], P < .0001), operation time (OR: 1.01 [1.00, 1.02], P < .0001), anemia (OR: 2.20 [1.87, 2.58], P < .0001), and general anesthesia (OR: 1.64 [1.52, 1.79], P < .0001). Each of these variables was also significant in MLR analysis. The RF model displayed good discrimination with AUC = .831. Discussion The RF model revealed clinically important variables for assessing discharge disposition in geriatric patients undergoing THA, with the five most important factors being older age, severe ASA grade, longer operation time, anemia, and general anesthesia. Conclusions With the rising emphasis on patient-centered care, incorporating models such as these may allow for preoperative risk factor mitigation and reductions in healthcare expenditure.
Comparison of the perfusion index as an index of noxious stimulation in monitored anesthesia care of propofol/remifentanil and propofol/dexmedetomidine: a prospective, randomized, case-control, observational study
Authors: Kim Doyeon , Lee Changjin , Bae HanWool , Kim Jeayoun , Oh Eun Jung , Jeong Ji Seon 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Dexmedetomidine, one of the sedatives, has an analgesic effect. We aimed to investigate postoperative analgesia with dexmedetomidine as adjuvants for procedural sedation using perfusion index (PI).

Methods
In this prospective, randomized, case-control, observational study, 72 adult patients, 19–70 years, who were scheduled for chemoport insertion under monitored anesthesia care were performed. According to the group assignment, remifentanil or dexmedetomidine was simultaneously infused with propofol. The primary outcome was PI 30 min after admission to the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). And, pain severity using numerical rating scale (NRS) score and the relationship between NRS score and PI were investigated.

Results
During PACU staying, PI values were significantly different between the two groups PI values at 30 min after admission to the PACU were 1.3 (0.9–2.0) in the remifentanil group and 4.5 (2.9–6.8) in the dexmedetomidine group (median difference, 3; 95% CI, 2.1 to 4.2; P < 0.001). The NRS scores at 30 min after admission to the PACU were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.002). However, there was a weak positive correlation between NRS score and PI in the PACU (correlation coefficient, 0.188; P = 0.01).

Conclusion
We could not find a significant correlation between PI and NRS score for postoperative pain control. Using PI as a single indicator of pain is insufficient.

Trial registration
Clinical Trial Registry of Korea, https://cris.nih.go.kr: KCT0003501, the date of registration: 13/02/2019.
Relationship between protein intake and grip strength in qualitative and quantitative aspects among the elderly in Korea: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Mi‑Hyun , Choi Mi‑Kyeong , Bae Yun‑Jung 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
This study investigated the association between quantitative and qualitative protein intake and grip strength (GS) in the South Korean population to explore nutritional management for the prevention of sarcopenia.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was based on data from a nationally representative sample of the South Korean elderly population, consisting of 1,531 men and 1,983 women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016 to 2019. Low GS was defined as GS < 28 kg in men and GS < 18 kg in women. Protein intake was assessed using 1-day 24-h recall, and we analyzed absolute protein intake, protein intake by food source, and protein intake compared to dietary reference intake with per body weight or absolute daily recommended value.

Results
The total and animal protein intake and protein intake from legumes, fish and shellfish were significantly lower in women with a low GS than in those with a normal GS. After adjusting for confounding factors, women who consumed more protein than the estimated average requirement (EAR, 40 g/day for women) were 0.528 times less likely to have low GS than women consuming less protein than the EAR (95% CI: 0.373–0.749), and consuming any amount of protein from legumes were 0.656 times less likely (95% CI: 0.500–0.860) to have low GS than women who did not consume any amount of legume protein.

Conclusions
This study provides epidemiological evidence that adequate protein intake above EAR and protein intake from legumes should be guided for preventing low GS, especially in elderly women.
Monthly mini-dose rituximab for primary anti-PLA2R-positive membranous nephropathy: a personalized approach
Authors: Wang Song , Deng Zhenling , Wang Yue , Bao Wenhan , Zhou Sijia , Cui Zhuan , Zheng Danxia 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The currently recommended dose of rituximab for primary membranous nephropathy is as high as that for lymphoma. However, the clinical manifestations of membranous nephropathy vary widely. Therefore, achieving individualized treatment is a topic that needs to be explored. This study assessed the efficacy of monthly mini-dose rituximab monotherapy in patients with primary membranous nephropathy.

Methods
This retrospective study included 32 patients with primary membranous nephropathy treated at Peking University Third Hospital between March 2019 and January 2023. All patients were anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody-positive and received rituximab 100 mg intravenously monthly for at least 3 months without other immunosuppressive therapy. Rituximab infusions were sustained until either remission of the nephrotic syndrome or a minimum serum anti-PLA2R titer ˂ 2 RU/mL was achieved.

Results
The baseline parameters included: proteinuria, 8.5 ± 3.6 g/day; serum albumin, 24.8 ± 3.4 g/L; and anti-PLA2R antibody, 160 (20–2659) RU/mL. B-cell depletion was achieved in 87.5% patients after the first dose of rituximab 100 mg and in 100% after the second equivalent dose. The median follow-up was 24 months (range 18–38). Twenty-seven (84%) patients achieved remission, with 11 (34%) patients achieving complete remission by last follow-up. The relapse-free survival from the last infusion was 13.5 months (range 3–27). Patients were stratified into the low-titer (< 150 RU/mL, n = 17) and high-titer groups (≥ 150 RU/mL, n = 15) based on the anti-PLA2R titer. Sex, age, urinary proteins, serum albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline did not differ significantly between the two groups. At 18 months, compared to the low-titer group, the rituximab dose (960 ± 387 vs 694 ± 270 mg, p = 0.030) was higher, while serum albumin (37.0 ± 5.4 vs 41.3 ± 5.4 g/L, p = 0.033) and the complete remission rate (13% vs 53%, p = 0.000) were both lower in the high-titer group.

Conclusions
Monthly rituximab 100 mg appeared as a potential effective regimen for treating anti-PLA2R-associated primary membranous nephropathy with a low anti-PLA2R titer. The lower the anti-PLA2R titer, the lower the rituximab dose required to achieve remission.

Trial registration
A retrospective study, registered at ChiCTR (ChiCTR2200057381) on March 10, 2022.