bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-based epidemiological and immunovirological characteristics of people living with HIV in current follow-up at a tertiary hospital: a comparative retrospective study, Catalonia, Spain, 1982 to 2020
Authors: Toyos Sara , Berrocal Leire , González-Cordón Ana , Inciarte Alexy , de la Mora Lorena , Martínez-Rebollar María , Laguno Montserrat , Fernández Emma , Ambrosioni Juan , Chivite Iván , de Lazzari Elisa , Blanco José Luis , Martínez Esteban , Miró José M , Mallolas Josep , Torres Berta 
Published: March 2023

Background
Epidemiological and immunovirological features of people living with HIV (PLWH) can vary by sex.

Aim
To investigate, particularly according to sex, characteristics of PLWH who consulted a tertiary hospital in Barcelona, Spain, in 1982–2020.

Methods
PLWH, still in active follow-up in 2020 were retrospectively analysed by sex, age at diagnosis, age at data extraction (December 2020), birth place, CD4+ cell counts, and virological failure.

Results
In total, 5,377 PLWH (comprising 828 women; 15%) were included. HIV diagnoses in women appeared to decrease from the 1990s, representing 7.4% (61/828) of new diagnoses in 2015–2020. From 1997, proportions of new HIV diagnoses from patients born in Latin America seemed to increase; moreover, for women born outside of Spain, the median age at diagnosis appeared to become younger than for those born in Spain, with significant differences observed in 2005–2009 and 2010–2014 (31 vs 39 years (p = 0.001), and 32 vs 42 years (p < 0.001) respectively), but not in 2015–2020 (35 vs 42 years; p = 0.254). Among women, proportions of late diagnoses (CD4+ cells/mm3 < 350) were higher than men (significantly in 2015–2020: 62% (32/52) vs 46% (300/656); p = 0.030). Initially, virological failure rates were higher in women than men, but they were similar in 2015–2020 (12% (6/52) vs 8% (55/659); p = 0.431). Women ≥ 50 years old represented 68% (564/828) of women actively followed up in 2020.

Conclusions
Women still have higher rates of late HIV diagnoses than men. Among currently-followed-up women, ≥ 50 year-olds, who need age-adapted care represent a high percentage. Stratifying PLWH by sex matters for HIV prevention and control interventions.
An analysis of misoprostol effectiveness in second trimester pregnancy terminations
Authors: Ak Mehmet , Dolanbay Mehmet , Kütük Mehmet Serdar 
Published: March 2023

Background/Aim: Misoprostol is frequently used as a single agent in pregnancy terminations. However, it increases the risk of uterine rupture in patients who have had previous uterine surgery and terminations due to stillbirths. Therefore, it is used with concern by clinicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of the groups that responded and did not respond to termination treatment with misoprostol in a tertiary center and to investigate its efficacy and safety.
Methods: The study design was comprised of a retrospective cohort study. A total of 114 second trimester pregnancies (between 13-24 weeks gestational age) were included in the study. These pregnancies were indicated for termination based on the prenatal diagnosis unit for fetal or maternal causes. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) directions, misoprostol was applied in the following dosages: for 13-17 weeks gestational ages, one tablet per 6 hours; for 18-26 gestational ages, ½ tablet per 6 hours; and for other indications 2 tablets per 3 hours were administered. If the patient had had a previous cesarean operation, all doses were halved. After the first 24 hours, the percentage and demographics results, such as age, body mass index (BMI), gravida, number of cesareans, number of curettages, cervical lengths, BISHOP scores, gestational age, amniotic fluid index, and fetal cardiac beat of the patients with miscarriage, were recorded.
Results: The number of cases resulting in miscarriage within 24 hours were 84 (73.7%) and within 48 hours were 14 (12.2%). The total of misoprostol doses used were 8 tablets of 200 mg, mean time until the complete abortion was 17 hours. Sixteen patients required additional treatment, of whom four required Foley catheterization, five required D&E, seven required resting, and no one required a hysterectomy. Uterine rupture occurred in two patients who needed laparotomic surgery. The maternal age (P=0.340), BMI (P=0.790), gravida (P=0.270), previous cesarean history (P=0.390), previous curettage number (P=0.520), cervical length (P=0.380), Bishop score (P=0.190), gestational age (P=0.072), amniotic fluid index (P=0.470) and presence of fetal cardiac beat (P=0.350) were similar between groups
Conclusion: Our results indicated that misoprostol is a safe, useful, and effective treatment option for second trimester medical terminations. Caution should be exercised in its use in patients with a history of uterine surgery.
Respon Pertumbuhan Dua Varietas Bawang Merah pada Awal Musim Hujan setelah Pemberian Pupuk Cair Bio-Extrim
Authors: Yiyin Yulistyani Fitri  , I Ketut Ngawit  , Bambang Budi Santoso  
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dua varietas bawang merah pada berbagai konsentrasi pupuk cair Bio-Extrim yang ditanam pada awal musim hujan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Dusun Mertak, Desa Kawo, Kecamatan Praya, Kabupaten Lombok Tengah pada bulan September sampai November 2021. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah varietas bawang merah (v) terdiri atas dua aras yaitu varietas Maserati (v1) dan varietas Lokananta (v2). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi pupuk cair Bio-Extrim (e) terdiri atas enam aras yaitu (e0): kontrol (tanpa Bio-Extrim), (e1): disemprot Bio-Extrim 5 ml/L air, (e2): 10 ml/L air, (e3): 15 ml/L air, (e4): 20 ml/L air, (e5): 25 ml/L air pada umur tanaman 2, 4, dan 6 MST. Seluruh kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang enam kali sehingga didapatkan 36 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya interaksi antara varietas dan pupuk Bio-Extrim terhadap semua parameter pertumbuhan. Demikian pula halnya dengan masing-masing perlakuan, berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bawang merah.
The Link Between COVID-19 and Executive Functions in the Geriatric Population: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: ÇEBİ Merve , KAPLAN Oğuzhan 
Published: March 2023

Background: Geriatric population is known to be at a greater risk for the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19). Previous literature provided evidence for the association between viral infections and cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate executive functions in older adults who were infected by COVID-19.
Methods: A total of 47 participants with healthy cognition over the age of 65 (M:75.4±5.91, minimum-maximum:65-85) were enrolled in the study. The sample was selected from older adults residing in a nursing home in Istanbul. Based on their history of COVID-19 infection, the sample was divided into two groups as COVID-P (22 participants who got Covid-19 in the last six months) and COVID-N (25 participants who did not get Covid-19) which did not significantly differ in terms of age and education. A mini mental state examination was applied to verify the mental status of participants. Trail Making Test (TMT) and Clock Drawing test (CDT) were used to assess executive functions.
Results: The analyses showed that COVID-P group displayed significantly lower performance in the completion of both forms of TMT as compared to COVID-N group (p< .05 for both TMT-A and TMT-B). However, groups did not significantly differ in their CDT performance (p> .05).
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is possible to conclude that COVID-19 can negatively affect the executive functions in the old age population.
Effect of shorter nerve graft and selective motor branch of recipient nerve on nerve transfer surgery for elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus injury
Authors: Pengked Kanapot , Laohaprasitiporn Panai , Monteerarat Yuwarat , Limthongthang Roongsak , Vathana Torpon 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
The spinal accessory nerve (SAN) is commonly used as a donor nerve for reinnervation of elbow flexors in brachial plexus injury (BPI) reconstruction. However, no study has compared the postoperative outcomes between SAN-to–musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) transfer and SAN-to–nerve to biceps (NTB) transfer. Thus, this study aimed to compare the postoperative time to recovery of elbow flexors between the two groups.

METHODS
A total of 748 patients who underwent surgical treatment for BPI between 1999 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Among them, 233 patients were treated with nerve transfer for elbow flexion. Two techniques were used to harvest the recipient nerve: the standard dissection technique and the proximal dissection technique. The postoperative motor power of elbow flexion was assessed every month for 24 months using the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system. Survival and Cox regression analyses were used to compare the time to recovery (MRC grade ≥ 3) between the two groups.

RESULTS
Of the 233 patients who underwent nerve transfer surgery, there were 162 patients in the MCN group and 71 patients in the NTB group. At 24 months after surgery, the MCN group had a success rate of 74.1%, and the NTB group had a success rate of 81.7% (p = 0.208). When compared with the MCN group, the NTB group had a significantly shorter median time to recovery (19 months vs 21 months, p = 0.013). Only 11.1% of patients in the MCN group regained MRC grade 4 or 5 motor power 24 months after nerve transfer surgery compared with 39.4% patients in the NTB group (p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis showed that the SAN-to-NTB transfer in combination with the proximal dissection technique was the only significant factor affecting time to recovery (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.46–3.72; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
SAN-to-NTB transfer in combination with the proximal dissection technique is the preferred nerve transfer option for restoration of elbow flexion in traumatic pan-plexus palsy.
Additional growth of the spine and changes in spinal alignment after posterior spinal fusion in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Deng Zhipeng , Wang Liang , Song Yueming , Wang Linnan , Yang Xi , Liu Limin , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE
Previous studies have evaluated growth in spinal height immediately following surgical posterior correction of idiopathic scoliosis, yet have not reported on further spinal growth following surgery. The aims of this study were to investigate the characteristics of spinal growth after scoliosis surgery and determine whether they affect spinal alignment.

METHODS
The study included 91 patients (mean age 13.93 years) who underwent spinal fusion using pedicle screws for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). The study population included 70 female and 21 male patients. The height of the spine (HOS), length of the spine (LOS), and spinal alignment parameters were measured on anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the variables that affected HOS gain from growth. The patients were divided into two groups, the growth group and the nongrowth group, according to whether the HOS gain from growth exceeded 1 cm, to analyze the effect of spinal growth on its alignment.

RESULTS
The mean (± SD) HOS gain from growth was 0.88 ± 0.66 (range −0.46 to 3.21) cm, with 40.66% of patients exhibiting growth ≥ 1 cm. This increase was significantly related to young age, male sex, and a small Risser stage (sex: b = −0.532, p < 0.001, male = 1, female = 2; Risser stage: b = −0.185, p < 0.001; age: b = −0.125, p = 0.011; adjusted R2 = 0.442). The variation in LOS was similar to that of HOS. Thoracic kyphosis and upper instrumented vertebra–lowest instrumented vertebra Cobb angle were reduced in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the growth group. Patients with an increase in HOS < 1 cm showed a larger lumbar lordosis and a greater tendency for the sagittal vertical axis (SVA) to shift backward and the pelvic tilt to decrease (anteverted pelvis) than in the growth group.

CONCLUSIONS
The spine still has growth potential after corrective fusion surgery for AIS, and 40.66% of the patients in this study continued to vertically grow by 1 cm or more. Unfortunately, the height changes cannot be accurately predicted by currently measured parameters. Changes in the sagittal alignment of the spine may affect the vertical growth increment.
The chronology of the Kura-Araxes: New data and old problems of periodization and chronology of the Early Bronze Age materials in Armenia
Authors: Badalyan Ruben 
Published: March 2023

In a recent article I defined my concept for the periodization and chronology of the Kura-Araxes in Armenia, the main provisions of which are as follows:
The Kura-Araxes sequence had a discrete character. Its periodization can be dated between 3600/3500–2900 (KA I) and 2900–2600/2500 (KA II) BC. The distinction of the Kura-Araxes phenomenon is reflected in the largely single-layered character of both early (KA I) and late (KA II) settlements: a destroyed layer demonstrates the discontinuity of certain multi-layered (KA I-II) settlements.
The KA I phase represented throughout Armenia is marked by ‘Elar-Aragats’ type ceramics, which belong to a rather homogeneous complex, widespread almost all over the Armenian Highland.
The homogeneity of the complex disintegrates around 2900 BC, and a mosaic of local ceramic styles follows. The KA II phase contains a series of ceramic complexes similar in basic characteristics, but stylistically rather specific. Today throughout Armenian territory there are at least three synchronous complexes, whose areas correspond to physical-geographical regions of the country: the ‘Shresh-Mokhrablur’ complex in the central part of Ararat valley, ‘Karnut-Shengavit’ to the north and east (Aragatsotn, Shirak, Kotayk, and Lori-Pambak regions), and ‘Ayrum-Teghut’ in the basins of the Aghstev and Debed rivers.
Newly obtained data and my observations correspond to the above provisions. This research allows us to complement and flesh out some of them, particularly the periodization of the first period of the Kura-Araxes and a list of local variations of the KA II ceramic complexes.
Smart Helmet As Driving Safety
Authors: Kusumastuti Sri , Widi Sasono Sindung Hadwi 
Published: March 2023

One of the common causes of accidents is physiological factors such as drowsiness. A helmet is a device used to reduce the risk of head injury when an accident occurs while driving. Helmets placed on motorbikes often experience theft to the detriment of the helmet owner. A helmet was created to reduce the risk of an accident, warn motorists when they are drowsy, and provide a warning when a helmet is stolen. The method begins with designing devices, preparing devices, testing, repairing, and adjusting devices. The main components used are Arduino Nano and Arduino Pro Mini. The input components are a pulse sensor, MPU6050 sensor, touch switch, NRF24L01 receiver, rope clip, on/off push button, and limit switch. The output components are one channel relay, NRF24L01 transmitter, and speakers. From the results of testing the device, the helmet will be connected to the motorbike if appropriately used, the speaker will send a rest notification if the rider is drowsy, and the helmet alarm will sound loud when someone wants to steal the helmet.
BAI'UL WAFA` (Review Penggunaan Dalil Mashlahah di Kalangan Hanafiyah)
Authors: Asa'ari Asa'ari 
Published: March 2023

Ba'i al-Wafa` first appeared in Central Asia, especially Bukhara and Balkh around the 5th century AH in order to avoid usury in borrowing. Many of the rich when it is not willing to lend money without any remuneration they receive. While many of the borrowers are not able to pay off debts due in return they have to pay along with money borrowed. On the other hand benefits granted on the basis of borrowing money, according to scholars of fiqh including usury. So to avoid usury, the community of Bukhara and Balkh formatting a form of trading known as alWafa` Bai'u. For today's economic context Bai'ulWafa` should be considered to be applied in the activities mu'amalatMuslim community, especially in Indonesia as a substitute for Pawn institutions that practice during this conflict with Rahan outlined by the texts, especially in terms of taking advantage of pledges by the lien holder Bai'u al-Wafa` muncul pertama kali di Asia Tengah khususnya Bukhara dan Balkh sekitar abad ke 5 Hijriyah dalam rangka menghindari terjadinya riba dalam pinjammeminjam. Banyak di antara orang kaya ketika itu tidak mau meminjamkan uangnya tanpa ada imbalan yang mereka terima. Sementara banyak pula para peminjam uang tidak mampu melunasi hutangnya akibat imbalan yang harus mereka bayarkan bersamaan dengan uang yang dipinjam. Di sisi lain imbalan yang diberikan atas dasar pinjam-meminjam uang itu menurut ulama fikih termasuk riba. Maka untuk menghindarkan diri dari riba, masyarakat Bukhara dan Balkh memformat suatu bentuk jual beli yang dikenal dengan Bai'u al-Wafa`. Untuk konteks ekonomi dewasa ini, Bai'ul Wafa` patut dipertimbangkan untuk diterapkan dalam aktivitas mu'amalat masyarakat Muslim khususnya di Indonesia sebagai pengganti institusi Gadai yang praktiknya selama ini bertentangan dengan Rahan yang digariskan oleh nash terutama dalam hal mengambil manfaat dari barang gadaian oleh pemegang gadai.
Effect of progovernmental pre-electoral violence upon electoral outcome
Authors: Andersson Robert 
Published: March 2023

Electoral violence can have dire consequences for a society, but remains a strategy employed by incumbents to secure electoral victory. This paper explores if electoral violence instigated by progovernment side actually does increase the incumbent’s probability of electoral victory. The novelty of the question derives from taking into account a differentiation between the instigating side as progovernment or anti-government, which previous studies have not done. The argument is that as the opposition is likely to have other motives and resources available than the incumbent, anti-government violence should target other spectrums of the population and thus have a different effect on the electoral outcome than progovernment violence.
The findings give consistent statistical significance to a positive relationship between progovernment instigated violence and probability of incumbent electoral victory when controlling for electoral fraud and anti-government violence. This supports the hypothesis and suggests that incumbents do benefit, at least in the short term, from applying electoral violence. However, long-term backlash may still occur and the consequences for the society are dire. The relationship between anti-government violence and electoral outcome did not achieve statistical significance. Further research are needed to improve the nuance of the findings in this paper and better understand electoral violence from different actors’ perspectives.
Benefícios das Limas rotatórias no tratamento endodôntico: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Dias Khezia Vitória Oeiras , Negreiros Rayssa Ribeiro de , Vasconcelos Alessandra Silva de , Carvalho Giselle Moreira de , Almeida Matheus Fontes de , Lira Maria Eduarda Soares Fernandes , Mizoguchi Cristiane Mitie Imada , Barroso Júnior Severino de Souza , Santos Cicera Andreza Alves dos , Zitlow Hernandes Bull 
Published: March 2023

Com os avanços tecnológicos, cada vez mais pesquisas têm sido feitas para oferecer inovações, dispositivos e materiais biocompatíveis para a área da odontologia. A literatura confirma os benefícios do uso dessas tecnológicas em consultórios odontológicos. Os clínicos que atuam na área da endodontia devem estar cientes de todas as características e capacidade dos instrumentos que são possíveis de se usar ao realizar um tratamento de canal radicular. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste estudo é revisar e avaliar a literatura a eficácia e os benefícios das Limas rotatórias no tratamento endodôntico. Para a construção deste artigo foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e ScienceDirect, com auxílio do gerenciador de referências Mendeley. Os artigos foram contemplados entre os anos de 2000 a 2023. Os instrumentos rotatórios diminuem o tempo de trabalho do profissional, reduzem as possibilidades de contaminação cruzada pelo uso repetitivo do instrumento, pois são descartados após cada procedimento. Os sistemas apresentam excelentes resultados e quanto utilizado seguindo as recomendações e indicações, previnem iatrogenias durante o preparo. Por fim, mais estudos precisam ser feitos usando tamanho de amostra alto para avaliar a eficiência comparativa da instrumentação rotativa e manual. Uma conclusão definitiva não pode ser tirada da literatura disponível, no entanto, a escolha do protocolo de tratamento pode ser feita com base nos requisitos clínicos.
NAFKAH IN FIQIH AND INDONESIAN LAW PERSPECTIVE ;
Authors: Masruri Ahmad Halimi 
Published: March 2023

This article is the result of a qualitative field research. This research is a legal sociology research. This article discusses the neglect of livelihoods that occurred in Gedang Hamlet, Tambakrejo Village. Researcher analyzes the research data with fiqh theory and the Undang-undang Perkawinan No.1 1974. The findings of this study are that the neglect of livelihood that occurs in Gedang Hamlet, Tambakrejo Village is included in the category of violation of the income obligation, it can even be included as domestic violence. There are two things to be argued. Ms. LM's husband has not given her a living for 6 months, the second is that Mrs. LM's husband often comes home at night, sometimes even for several days he does not come home. fiqh clearly mentions the categories of earning a living, although with many variations. All fiqh differences of opinion about the limits of living were violated by LM's mother's husband. Law No. 23 of 2004 was also violated in terms of fulfilling the husband's support for his wife.
Keyword: living limits, fiqh, the rule of law

Abstrak
Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian kualitatif lapangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sosiologi hukum. Artikel ini mendiskusikan penelantaran nafkah yang terjadi di Dusun Gedang Desa Tambakrejo. Peneliti menganalisis data penelitian dengan teori fiqih dan undang-undang Perkawinan Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Temuan penelitian ini adalah bahwa penelantaran nafkah yang terjadi di Dusun Gedang Desa Tambakrejo termasuk kategori pelanggaran kewajiban nafkah, bahkan dapat dimasukkan tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Ada dua hal yang menjadi argument. Suami Ibu LM ini sudah selama 6 Bulan tidak memberi nafkah, yang kedua adalah bahwa suami Ibu LM sering pulang malam, bahkan terkadang selama beberapa hari tidak pulang kerumah. fikih menyebutkan secara jelas kategori pemenuhan nafkah walaupun dengan banyak variasi perbedaan. Kesemua perbedaan pendapat fiqih tentang batasan nafkah dilanggar oleh suami ibu LM. Undang-undang No 23 Tahun 2004 juga dilanggar dalam hal pememnuhan nafkah suami terhadap istri.

Kata Kunci: batas nafkah, fikih, aturan undang-undang