bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of Isotopic Diversity among Carbonaceous Chondrites
Authors: Hellmann Jan L. , Schneider Jonas M. , Wölfer Elias , Drążkowska Joanna , Jansen Christian A. , Hopp Timo , Burkhardt Christoph , Kleine Thorsten 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Carbonaceous chondrites are some of the most primitive meteorites and derive from planetesimals that formed a few million years after the beginning of the solar system. Here, using new and previously published Cr, Ti, and Te isotopic data, we show that carbonaceous chondrites exhibit correlated isotopic variations that can be accounted for by mixing among three major constituents having distinct isotopic compositions, namely refractory inclusions, chondrules, and CI chondrite-like matrix. The abundances of refractory inclusions and chondrules are coupled and systematically decrease with increasing amount of matrix. We propose that these correlated abundance variations reflect trapping of chondrule precursors, including refractory inclusions, in a pressure maximum in the disk, which is likely related to the water ice line and the ultimate formation location of Jupiter. The variable abundance of refractory inclusions/chondrules relative to matrix is the result of their distinct aerodynamical properties resulting in differential delivery rates and their preferential incorporation into chondrite parent bodies during the streaming instability, consistent with the early formation of matrix-poor and the later accretion of matrix-rich carbonaceous chondrites. Our results suggest that chondrules formed locally from isotopically heterogeneous dust aggregates, which themselves derive from a wide area of the disk, implying that dust enrichment in a pressure trap was an important step to facilitate the accretion of carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies or, more generally, planetesimals in the outer solar system.
Surveying Cory Shearwater colonies with camera traps and identifying potential invasive nest predators
Authors: Lamelas-Lopez Lucas , Borges Paulo 
Published: April 2023

The Azores holds the largest population of Cory's shearwater Calonectris borealis (Cory, 1881) (Aves, Procellariiformes, Procellariidae) in the world. One of the major threats of this species in the Azores is the predation by invasive mammals, which were introduced during European colonisation of the islands.
The present study provides a dataset from a camera-trapping survey performed in colonies of Cory’s shearwater. The sampling was conducted between 7 April and 23 October 2019, covering the entire breeding season, in three colonies of the Terceira Island (Azores). A total of 32 nests were sampled using motion-triggered cameras. The aims of this study are to provide information about the ecological patterns of the Cory shearwater and to identify potential nest predators.
Our results include a total of 6972 records of 15 species (nine species of birds, five of mammals and one reptile), of which 5414 records are of Cory’s shearwater, 478 of potential mammal predators and 1080 of another vertebrate species. Information about the biology of the species is also provided, as species circadian behaviour and habitat description.
Clinical Text Classification with Word Representation Features and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Almazaydeh Laiali , Abuhelaleh Mohammad , Al Tawil Arar , Elleithy Khaled 
Published: April 2023

Clinical text classification of electronic medical records is a challenging task. Existing electronic records suffer from irrelevant text, misspellings, semantic ambiguity, and abbreviations. The approach reported in this paper elaborates on machine learning techniques to develop an intelligent framework for classification of the medical transcription dataset. The proposed approach is based on four main phases: the text preprocessing phase, word representation phase, features reduction phase and classification phase. We have used four machine learning algorithms, support vector machines, naïve bayes, logistic regression and k-nearest neighbors in combination with different word representation models. We have applied the four algorithms to the bag of words, to TF-IDF, to word2vec. Experimental results were evaluated based on precision, recall, accuracy and F1 score. The best results were obtained with the combination of the k-NN classifier, and the word represented by Word2vec achieving an accuracy of 92% to correctly classify the medical specialties based on the transcription text.
Interaction of Nmi and IFP35 Promotes Mutual Protein Stabilization and IRF3 and IRF7 Degradation to Suppress Type I IFN Production in Teleost Fish
Authors: Li Li , Chen Shan Nan , Wang Kai Lun , Li Nan , Pang An Ning , Liu Lan Hao , Li Bo , Hou Jing , Wang Su , Nie Pin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) can act as effector molecules against viral infection and can also regulate pathogenic infection and host immune response. N-Myc and STAT interactor (Nmi) is reported as an ISG in mammals and in fish. In this study, the expression of Nmi was found to be induced significantly by the infection of Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV), and the induced expression of type I IFNs after SCRV infection was reduced following Nmi overexpression. It is observed that Nmi can interact with IRF3 and IRF7 and promote the autophagy-mediated degradation of these two transcription factors. Furthermore, Nmi was found to be interactive with IFP35 through the CC region to inhibit IFP35 protein degradation, thereby enhancing the negative role in type I IFN expression after viral infection. In turn, IFP35 is also capable of protecting Nmi protein from degradation through its N-terminal domain. It is considered that Nmi and IFP35 in fish can also interact with each other in regulating negatively the expression of type I IFNs, but thus in enhancing the replication of SCRV.
Association between Hyperthyroidism and Thromboembolism
Authors: Alsaidan Aseel Awad , Alruwiali Fahad 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Thyroid gland diseases are a common health problem worldwide. Increase of thyroid gland hormones can cause numerous conditions that range from mild cases to life-threatening diseases. Hyperthyroidism is not a common risk factor for venous thrombosis (VT), many studies found a relation between hyperthyroidism and thromboembolism.

Objectives:
We sought to detect any changes in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free T4 value associated with the occurrence of Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), and cerebral VT.

Methodology:
An observational retrospective review of outpatients’ records in King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh from January 2018 to March 2020 includes all patients with hyperthyroidism, patients who are bedridden, recent surgeries, and those on oral contraceptives pills or on anticoagulants were excluded from the study. All symptomatic VT cases are objectively confirmed.

Results:
Three hundred patients were recognized, of whom most were female (80%), whereas (20%) were male, mean age in identified patients was (42.3 ± 14.5 years; range, 18–80 years). Of all patients, 3 (1%) patients had DVTs, equally 3 (1%) patients had PE, and 2 (0.7%) patients had cerebral embolism. TSH level has a significant association with the overall risk of DVT, PE, and cerebral embolism. In the FT4 level, there was a significant association with the risk of DVT and PE but not with cerebral embolism.

Conclusions:
The literature indicates a significantly associated between the development of VT and hyperthyroidism. Furthermore, the data support that hyperthyroidism is considered an additional risk factor for VT.
Identifying Challenges in Implementing Child Rights Instruments in Nigeria
Authors: Adeleye Qadri Adebayo , Ahmed Patience Abaluomo , Babaniyi Iretiola Bosede , Oniyangi Oluseyi , Mukhtar-Yola Mariya , Adelayo Adeola Yetunde , Wey Yewande Osatohanmwen , Ononiwu Uchenna Nneka , Sanni Usman Abiola , Adeleye Bilkis Bukola , Audu Lamidi Isah 
Published: April 2023

Context:
After thirty years of ratifying the child rights convention and nineteen years of the Child Rights Act, implementing child rights instruments remains challenging in Nigeria. Healthcare providers are well positioned to change the current paradigm.

Aim:
To examine the knowledge, perception, and practice of child rights and the influence of demographics among Nigerian doctors and nurses.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional online survey was done using nonprobability sampling. Pretested multiple-choice questionnaire was disseminated across Nigeria's six geopolitical zones. Performance was measured on the frequency and ratio scales. Mean scores were compared with 50% and 75% thresholds.

Results:
A total of 821 practitioners were analyzed (doctors, 49.8%; nurses, 50.2%). Female-to-male ratio was 2:1 (doctors, 1.2:1; nurses, 3.6:1). Overall, knowledge score was 45.1%; both groups of health workers had similar scores. Most knowledgeable were holders of fellowship qualification (53.2%, P = 0.000) and pediatric practitioners (50.6%, P = 0.000). Perception score was 58.4% overall, and performances were also similar in both groups; females and southerners performed better (59.2%, P = 0.014 and 59.6%, P = 0.000, respectively). Practice score was 67.0% overall; nurses performed better (68.3% vs. 65.6%, P = 0.005) and postbasic nurses had the best score (70.9%, P = 0.000).

Conclusions:
Overall, our respondents’ knowledge of child rights was poor. Their performances in perception and practice were good but not sufficient. Even though our findings may not apply to all health workers in Nigeria, we believe teaching child rights at various levels of medical and nursing education will be beneficial. Stakeholder engagements involving medical practitioners are crucial.
Association between Low Back Pain, Pelvic Floor Dysfunction, and Diastasis Rectus Abdominis in Postnatal Delivery Women
Authors: Rai Rishita , Subramanian Sudhakar 
Published: April 2023

Background:
It is crucial to understand diastasis rectus abdominis (DRA) in postpartum women and how it affects them. DRA should be related to pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and low back pain (LBP). Prior researchers have contradictory findings in their studies.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of DRA and find the association between LBP, PFD, and DRA.

Methodology:
According to the eligibility criteria, 102 participants from Bengaluru were chosen for this study. The physical screening was performed to rule out DRA. Following informed consent, the participants have given the Oswestry Disability Index Questionnaire for LBP and Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire-7 for PFD. Subjects were divided into two classes: case and control. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and the Odds ratio using SPSS Software.

Results:
This analysis presents the findings of the prevalence of DRA and also the findings of rated LBP and PFD in both the groups. The degree of impact was determined to be P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
As an outcome, there is an association between LBP, PFD, and DRA.
Dentists' Perspective on Tobacco Cessation and Counseling in Jeddah
Authors: Vanka Shanthi , Afandi Dalya Nabil , Otaif Rana Hassan , Sharbatly Anan Adel , Hejazi Raghad Emad , Aljohani Raghad Sultan , Wali Othman , Vanka Amit 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:A major cause of death on a global scale is tobacco and in fact the biggest preventable cause of mortality and illness worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that there are 1100 million regular smokers worldwide and they are increasing alarmingly. Dentists play a pivotal role in the prevention of tobacco use as patients approach dentists for cosmetic reasons. We planned this study to find the experience of dentists on tobacco cessation and counseling.Methods:We designed the study as an analytical cross-sectional study. The data were collected through a questionnaire using Google Forms targeting all the dentists in Jeddah. The questionnaire Google link was sent to their WhatsApp and other electronic means. Consent from the dentists was obtained prior to collecting information from the dentists.Results:89.9% of dentists agreed that it is the duty of every dentist to advise the patient on tobacco cessation and 10.1% disagreed. 81.7% of dentists agreed that all dentists have the capability of doing tobacco cessation practices. Seventy-eight percent of dentists agreed that dentists are not presently well prepared to assist patients with tobacco cessation in contrast with 22% who disagree. The scientific evidence relating to the burden of oral diseases has always been attributable to tobacco use, and a well-structured dental teaching curriculum for the dentists and the auxiliaries concentrating on oral cancer education and tobacco cessation interventions has to be emphasized in the Kingdom for the dentists (28). Dentists require formal training to do tobacco cessation successfully to reach a major goal of a “tobacco-free society.”Conclusion:There should be an emphasis on formal training being an effective tool to provide guidelines to the dentist and auxiliaries in tobacco cessation and counseling of the patients in the dental clinic.
Factors of Venous Thromboembolism among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Low Lee Fern , Islahudin Farida , Saffian Shamin Mohd 
Published: April 2023

Context:
Anticoagulants are used to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in COVID-19 for better outcomes.

Aim:
This study aims to explore clinical outcomes and factors affecting VTE among COVID-19 patients.

Settings and Design:
The study design involved a retrospective cohort study.

Study Methods:
Hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a tertiary hospital prescribed subcutaneous (SC) anticoagulants were included.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine factors affecting VTE among subjects.

Results:
A total of 450 patients were included. Types of anticoagulants include fondaparinux (n = 114, 38.1%), enoxaparin (n = 113, 37.8%), and heparin (n = 72, 24.1%). 423 (94.0%) patients were discharged well, 27 (6.0%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The primary outcome was the prevalence of VTE, which occurred in 19.3% (n = 87) patients, with 80 (92.0%) reporting DVT and 7 (8.0%) reporting PE. The secondary outcome, which was the average length of hospital stay was 9.9 (±4.7) days. Factors of VTE occurrence were likely in patients not prescribed SC anticoagulants compared to those prescribed with SC anticoagulants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 54.330, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.086, 416.526), treatment with fondaparinux compared to heparin (aOR 2.502, 95% CI: 1.175, 5.327), and less likely in those discharged well compared to patients in the ICU (aOR 0.139, 95% CI: 0.053, 0.361).

Conclusions:
Careful monitoring is required to reduce VTE risk in COVID-19 patients.
Drug Safety Alerts Issued by the National Coordination Centre for Pharmacovigilance Programme of India
Authors: Rajesh Dasaraju , Thejaswini Muppala 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to drug therapy are inevitable and prior knowledge of their causative agents can avoid unnecessary economic burden on patients as well as on the health-care system.

Objectives:
To create awareness among health-care professionals about the drug safety alerts (DSAs) issued by the National Coordination Centre for Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (NCC-PvPI) till December 2022 and to reiterate the importance of spontaneous reporting of adverse events for better patient care.

Methodology:
A retrospective analysis of 141 DSAs issued from March 2016 to December 2022 was done. The ADRs were analyzed for the type of reactions, system organ class, and according to drug class. Microsoft Office 2007 was used to formulate the data and presented it in a descriptive manner using numbers and percentages.

Results:
Out of 141 DSAs under analysis, 101 individual drugs, 2 drug classes, and 7 drug combinations have developed 144 ADRs. These ADRs were compressed into 86 different types as similar ADRs were caused by more than one drug. Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms is the most common ADR noticed, followed by skin manifestations such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, skin hyperpigmentation, fixed drug eruption, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema, and photosensitivity reaction. The most common causative drugs for ADRs were antimicrobial agents, cephalosporins being the most commonly implicated medication class.

Conclusions:
Most of the ADRs advised to closely monitor by the NCC-PvPI through DSAs were treatable by early and appropriate management. Due to the high number of skin manifestations observed in the analysis, the role of dermatologists in taking detailed drug history is critical when making a differential diagnosis of skin lesions. Motivation and creating awareness among health-care professionals and patients to spontaneously report adverse events can only strengthen the pharmacovigilance system in India.
ClinicoPathological Overview of Ovarian Tumors and Diagnostic Utility of Imprint Cytology
Authors: Patel Nirali , Bavikar Rupali , Ingale Yaminy Pradeep , Lad Yesha Parimalbhai , Dharwadkar Arpana , Viswanathan Vidya 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
For intra-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors, imprint cytology is the method which gives result within 20 min. It does not affect the quality and utility of the specimen for histopathology. Despite advances in genetics and imaging, histopathological analysis remains the mainstay of ovarian tumor diagnosis.

Aim:
To describe incidence, age distribution, histological characteristics and whenever feasible, correlate the histopathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors with the imprint cytology technique.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 200 patients with ovarian tumors were included in this ambispective study from January 2017 to April 2022 at the Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Pimpri.

Results:
One hundred and forty-eight (74%) of the 200 cases were benign, while 52 (26%) were malignant. The peak age incidence of benign tumors was in the second to fourth decades and malignant ovarian tumors was in fourth to sixth decades. Ovarian tumors involved the left ovary (n = 104, 52%) more than the right ovary (n = 90, 45%). Out of 200 cases, 130 cases (65%) were surface epithelial ovarian tumors, followed by 50 cases (25%) were germ cell tumors, followed by 14 cases (7%) were sex cord stromal tumors followed by 3 cases (3%) were secondary/metastatic tumors of ovary. Imprint cytology technique done on 148 cases (74%) showed 100% correlation with the histopathological diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Imprint cytology diagnosis correlated with the histopathological diagnosis of ovarian tumors.
Perspectives of Medical Students on E-Learning in the Surgery Module
Authors: Fathuldeen Anas Abdulqader , Alshammari Ahmed Onayzan , Khalifah Eyad Mohammed , Alrashid Fauwaz Fahad , Alqahtani Abdulaziz Saad , Alenazi Fahaad Saleh , Alruwaili Sager Holyl , Alshmmri Mohammed Anizan , Idris Saadeldin Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

Objectives:
The goal of this study was to explore medical students' perceptions, assess their experiences, and identify obstacles to e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to understand the factors behind its adoption and application as a learning means in the surgery module.

Materials and Methods:
Data were gathered from undergraduate medical students, at the University of Hail, KSA, in their surgery module using an electronic questionnaire. Subsequently, SPSS version 25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) has been used for analysis.

Results:
The study included 72 students, with a participation rate of 85.7%. Students positively perceived technology (M = 4.024 ± 0.94 and P < 0.001). Most respondents (79.5%) claimed that e-learning required less time for studying than the conventional learning technique (M = 4.14 ± 1.052 and P < 0.001). They had positive perceptions of the implications of e-learning (M = 3.92 ± 0.89 and P < 0.001). Regarding the perception toward instructors, 53.9% admitted that when instructors use computer technologies, it adequately met their needs. The mean agreeability to online quizzes was high (M = 3.8264 ± 0.910). More than half preferred the blended style of learning. A-70.9% interested in using e-learning (M = 3.83 ± 1.278 and P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference among genders (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study addresses the determinants behind the adoption and use of e-learning within the surgery module. Therefore, it will support the event of a rational approach to an effective application of e-learning and look at it as a positive initiative toward development and alteration.
Metabolite Fingerprinting and Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Umashankar Marakanam Srinivasan 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Medicinal herbs are well known for their therapeutic effects and are traditionally used in the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases. Further plant-derived natural products have also been a valuable source of lead compounds for drug discovery and development. As the bioactivity of natural extracts is due to synergism between hundreds of metabolites present in the plant extract, the complete metabolomic analysis can be used for the quality control of phytomedicine. The 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fingerprint of the herbal extract can be used as a promising approach for comprehensive analysis of secondary metabolites to obtain a holistic view. The 1H-NMR spectroscopy has the advantage that it requires little quantity of samples and simple sample preparation method.

Objectives:
The study aimed to study the secondary metabolites of seven selected herbs, namely Abies webbiana, Cuminum cyminum, Elettaria cardamomum, Zingiber officinale, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Piper longum, and Terminalia chebula.

Materials and Methods:
The secondary metabolites of the herbal extracts were studied by recording the 1H-NMR spectra using NMR spectrometer in suitable solvent.

Results:
The putative metabolites that have been identified were 4-methoxy quercetin, luteolin, cuminaldehyde, 1,8-cineole, elettarins, gingerol, shogaol, glycyrrhizin, liquiritigenin, glabridin, betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, arabinogalactan, chebulagic acid, and gallic acid.

Conclusion:
The study highlighted the potential of NMR metabolomics in the study of plant extracts and their application for the quality control of phytomedicine.
First-in-man use of an Indian-made balloon-expandable covered Zephyr stent and intermediate-term follow-up
Authors: Sagar Pramod , Puthiyedath Thejaswi , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Covered stent is used in large-vessel angioplasty in anticipation of vessel wall injury. Apart from aortic coarctation, they are also used in dysfunctional right ventricular outflow conduits and find a recent role in transcatheter sinus venosus defect closure. Different methods of covering stents include glue fixation, sutureless lamination, sandwich, and sintering lamination. Covered Zephyr (Sahajanand laser technology limited, Gandhinagar, India) is a new Indian-made expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered balloon expandable cobalt-chromium stent. Its unique C and S links prevent foreshortening. We report the first-in-man use of this new stent in severe discrete postsubclavian coarctation of aorta and its short-term follow-up imaging.