bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VO2max and Velocity at VO2max Play a Role in Ultradistance Trail-Running Performance
Authors: Sabater-Pastor Frederic , Tomazin Katja , Millet Grégoire P. , Verney Julien , Féasson Léonard , Millet Guillaume Y. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Previous research has shown that maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) significantly influences performance in trail-running races up to 120 km but not beyond. Similarly, the influence of running economy on performance in ultratrail remains unclear. The aim of our study was, therefore, to determine the physiological predictors of performance in a 166-km trail-running race. Methods: Thirty-three experienced trail runners visited the laboratory 4 to 8 weeks before the race to undergo physiological testing including an incremental treadmill test and strength assessments. Correlations and regression analyses were used to determine the physiological variables related to performance. Results: Average finishing time was 37:33 (5:52) hours. Performance correlated significantly with VO2max (r = −.724, P < .001), velocity at VO2max (r = −.813, P < .001), lactate turn point expressed as percentage of VO2max (r = −.510, P = .018), cost of running (r = −.560, P = .008), and body fat percentage (r = .527, P = .012) but was not related to isometric strength. Regression analysis showed that velocity at VO2max predicted 65% of the variability in performance (P < .001), while a model combining VO2max and cost of running combined predicted 62% of the variability (P = .008). Conclusion: This is the first study to show that VO2max and velocity at VO2max are significant predictors of performance in a 166-km trail-running race. This suggests that ultratrail runners should focus on the development of these 2 qualities to optimize their race performance.
Training Load, Neuromuscular Fatigue, and Well-Being of Elite Male Volleyball Athletes During an In-Season Mesocycle
Authors: Rebelo André , Pereira João R. , Martinho Diogo V. , Amorim Gerson , Lima Ricardo , Valente-dos Santos João 
Published: February 2023

Purpose: Most high-intensity bouts of exercise in volleyball consist of jumping activities, which are responsible for inducing muscle damage, high levels of fatigue, and muscle soreness. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to quantify and analyze the training loads, neuromuscular fatigue, and perceptual well-being of a 5-week in-season mesocycle carried out by a professional male volleyball team. Methods: Fifteen volleyball players (age 28.51 [5.39] y; height 193.19 [9.87] cm; body mass 88.46 [13.18] kg) participated in this study. Internal training load assessed through the rating of perceived exertion, external training load (ETL; evaluated using an inertial motion unit), countermovement jump (CMJ) height and peak power, and wellness questionnaire responses were obtained from all athletes. Results: Results indicated a progressive decrease of the internal training load during the week and by the undulatory pattern of the ETL during the microcycles. Moreover, training monotony increased across the microcycles and was negatively associated with CMJ peak power (r = −.681, P < .05). Finally, sleep quality (ρ = −.747, P < .01) and fatigue (ρ = −.789, P < .01) were negatively associated with weekly ETL. Conclusions: This study indicated that sleep quality and fatigue were negatively associated with weekly ETL. Therefore, decreases in weekly ETL might be needed to improve sleep quality and decrease fatigue in professional volleyball players. Plus, higher values of training monotony were associated with lower values of CMJ peak power. Consequently, avoiding training monotony might be important to improve jumping performance in professional volleyball athletes.
Anthropogenic N input increases global warming potential by awakening the “sleeping” ancient C in deep critical zones
Authors: Qin Shuping , Yuan Haijing , Hu Chunsheng , Li Xiaoxin , Wang Yuying , Zhang Yuming , Dong Wenxu , Clough Timothy , Luo Jiafa , Zhou Shungui , Wrage-Mönnig Nicole , Ma Lin , Oenema Oene 
Published: February 2023

Even a small net increase in soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization will cause a substantial increase in the atmospheric CO
2
concentration. It is widely recognized that the SOC mineralization within deep critical zones (2 to 12 m depth) is slower and much less influenced by anthropogenic disturbance when compared to that of surface soil. Here, we showed that 20 years of nitrogen (N) fertilization enriched a deep critical zone with nitrate, almost doubling the SOC mineralization rate. This result was supported by corresponding increases in the expressions of functional genes typical of recalcitrant SOC degradation and enzyme activities. The CO
2
released and the SOC had a similar
14
C age (6000 to 10,000 years before the present). Our results indicate that N fertilization of crops may enhance CO
2
emissions from deep critical zones to the atmosphere through a previously disregarded mechanism. This provides another reason for markedly improving N management in fertilized agricultural soils.
Terrestrial amplification of past, present, and future climate change
Authors: Seltzer Alan M. , Blard Pierre-Henri , Sherwood Steven C. , Kageyama Masa 
Published: February 2023

Terrestrial amplification (TA) of land warming relative to oceans is apparent in recent climatic observations. TA results from land-sea coupling of moisture and heat and is therefore important for predicting future warming and water availability. However, the theoretical basis for TA has never been tested outside the short instrumental period, and the spatial pattern and amplitude of TA remain uncertain. Here, we investigate TA during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ~20 thousand years) in the low latitudes, where the theory is most applicable. We find remarkable consistency between paleotemperature proxies, theory, and climate model simulations of both LGM and future climates. Paleoclimate data thus provide crucial new support for TA, refining the range of future low-latitude, low-elevation TA to

1.37

−
0.23

+
0.27

(95% confidence interval), i.e., land warming ~40% more than oceans. The observed data model theory agreement helps reconcile LGM marine and terrestrial paleotemperature proxies, with implications for equilibrium climate sensitivity.
Relative importance of magmatic and hydrothermal processes for economic Nb-Ta-W-Sn mineralization in a peraluminous granite system: The Zhaojinggou rare-metal deposit, northern China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jiang Shao-Yong , Romer Rolf L. , Su Hui-Min 
Published: February 2023

Highly evolved granitic melts typically experience late-stage melt-melt and fluid-melt immiscibility as well as fluid-melt and fluid-rock interaction. These processes are particularly important in the formation of deposits of the rare metals Nb, Ta, W, and Sn. We document the relation between immiscibility and alteration processes and the partitioning behavior of rare metals for the Zhaojinggou rare-metal deposit of northern China. This deposit shows a systematic change from a magmatic to a hydrothermal system, including the reaction of the exsolved fluid with earlier crystallized granite and the formation of late-stage quartz veins. The magmatic stage (Stage I) includes biotite alkali-feldspar granite (BAG) with moderate Nb-Ta mineralization. Extreme fractional crystallization of BAG eventually resulted in melt-melt immiscibility and the separation of a hydrosaline melt. Fractional crystallization of this hydrosaline albite granite (AG) melt finally exsolved a magmatic fluid. Therefore, the magmatic-hydrothermal transition (Stage II) includes a melt-dominated Stage IIa with strong Nb-Ta-Sn mineralization in AG and a fluid-dominated Stage IIb with minor Nb-Ta-Sn mineralization in muscovite and biotite greisen. Late hydrothermal processes (Stage III) formed quartz veins with important W mineralization.
There are several texturally and chemically distinct generations of cassiterite and columbite-group minerals (CGM) in BAG and AG reflecting crystallization from an evolving magma. The porous and patchy-zoned reaction rims of tantalite-(Mn) and wodginite on CGM in AG are the result of fluid-melt interaction. Texture and compositions show that wolframite in AG is hydrothermal and formed through interaction of early exsolved magmatic fluids with the host granite. CGM and cassiterite in the biotite greisen and Ta-rutile in the muscovite greisen, as well as wolframite and scheelite in quartz veins that formed when fluid-rock interaction reduced the availability of H+ or F− or the temperature of the fluid decreased.
The distribution and importance of mineralization demonstrate that Nb, Ta, W, and Sn strongly partitioned into the hydrosaline melt during melt-melt immiscibility and that W partitioned into the magmatic fluid during fluid-melt immiscibility. Exsolved magmatic fluids interacted with earlier crystallized rocks mobilizing rare (Nb, Ta, and Sn) and base (Fe and Ti) metals from Li-Fe mica, providing the ore elements for subordinate Nb-Ta-Sn mineralization in AG and in biotite and muscovite greisen. Thus, magmatic processes (with later metal redistribution by magmatic fluids) dominantly control economic Nb-Ta-Sn mineralization, whereas hydrothermal processes mainly control the formation of economic W mineralization.
Crystal Chemistry of Titanates and Zirconates of Rare Earths—Possible Matrices for Actinide Isolation
Authors: Yudintsev S. V. , Nickolsky M. S. , Stefanovskaya O. I. , Nikonov B. S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Titanates and zirconates of light rare earth elements (REE): REE2TiO5, REE2Ti2O7, REE4Ti9O24, and REE2Zr2O7, are of interest as matrices for isolating the REE actinide fraction of high-level waste from the reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel. Data on the incorporation of impurities (Zr, U, Ca) into Nd and La titanates are examined. They display limited isomorphism toward these elements, including by the reaction 2REE3+ ↔ Ca2+ + U4+, which is common for minerals and their synthetic analogues. The reasons for the low solubility of Zr and U in Nd titanates and the role of the crystal chemical factor in the choice of crystalline matrices for the immobilization of the REE actinide fraction are considered.
Sorption of Protactinium, Thorium, and Other Actinides from the LiF–NaF–KF Melt by Activated Carbon
Authors: Fedorov Yu. S. , Samonin V. V. , Zotov A. S. , Khrylova E. D. , Spiridonova E. A. , Miroslavov A. E. , Akatov A. A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The sorption of uranium and thorium fluorides by activated carbon from the eutectic was studied. The sorption isotherms of both fluorides at a temperature of 650°C have a pronounced convex character and are described by the Langmuir equation. Experiments were carried out on the sorption of protactinium by activated carbon AG-3 at 650°С from a melt of alkali metal fluorides LiF–NaF–KF containing thorium and neodymium fluorides. It was found that with an increase in the concentrations of neodymium or thorium fluorides, the value of protactinium sorption diminishes, and in the case of thorium fluoride, the decrease occurs to a greater extent. When protactinium is sorbed by activated carbon with metallic sodium, the sorption enhances by a factor of 20 at the 30% sodium content in the carbon. The separation factors of protactinium from other actinides rise with increasing sodium content in the carbon.
Norbornene-Substituted Cationic Iridium(III) Complex and Water-Soluble Luminescent Polymers Based on It: Synthesis, Photophysical and Cytotoxic Properties
Authors: Parshina Yu. P. , Kovylina T. A. , Konev A. N. , Belikov A. A. , Baber P. O. , Komarova A. D. , Romaeva E. A. , Bochkarev L. N. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A norbornene-substituted cationic iridium(III) complex containing 1-phenylisoquinoline cyclometalating ligands and an additional phenylimidazophenanthroline ligand was synthesized. On the base of this complex, water-soluble polymers were obtained by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The resulting polymers showed oxygen-dependent phosphorescence in the orange spectral region and high cytotoxicity against HCT116 cancer cells.
Barriers to home exercise for patients with Parkinson’s disease: a qualitative study
Authors: Wang Qiaohong , Chen Yiping , Li Linbo , Li Chao , Li Li , Cao Huili , Yang Hui 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the barriers to home exercise for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwPDs) and to provide guidelines for healthcare providers to build and implement home exercise strategies for PwPDs.DesignA qualitative descriptive method was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was employed.SettingThe study was conducted at the Department of Neurology at a grade 3 Class A general hospital in China.ParticipantsA total of 24 participants were interviewed, including 10 PwPDs, 7 caregivers, 4 nurses, 1head nurse, and 2 Parkinson’s clinicians.ResultsFive themes were identified in this analysis. (1) Psychosomatic stress and low activity; (2) Lack of early rehabilitation authorisation; (3) Poor ‘flow’ state of home exercise; (4) iInaccessibility of continued service; (5) Sociocultural impact on family coping.ConclusionPwPDs, caregivers and specialised medical staff raised the challenges faced by patients' home exercises from different perspectives. We can improve services and integrate resources through the management of multi-disciplinary, early rehabilitation authorisation, exercise experience, continuous service mode, and family coping strategies under different cultures to gradually adjust the home exercise behaviour of PwPDs.
Impact of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score as a prognostic factor for all-cause mortality in older patients without cancer receiving home medical care: hospital ward-based observational cohort study
Authors: Miura Hisayuki , Goto Yuko 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesMalnutrition in cancer-free older patients receiving home medical care may affect prognosis, but indicators of long-term nutrition-related prognosis have not been developed. This study investigated the utility of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score as a prognostic factor for older patients without cancer receiving home medical care.DesignThis was a single-centre, hospital ward-based observational cohort study.Setting and participantsIn total, 625 cancer-free older patients (median age, 81.0 years; 47.4% males) receiving continuous home medical care through clinics were enrolled on admission to a hospital ward from March 2011 to September 2018.Primary outcome measuresContinuous cumulative survival curves were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method after dividing the CONUT score into four groups. The prognostic factors for overall mortality were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Comparisons with other predictive tools were performed.ResultsThe Kaplan-Meier curves of CONUT scores revealed a stepwise shortening of the median survival time with increasing scores. The HR of CONUT scores adjusted by age, sex and other confounding variables was 1.422 (95% CI 1.232 to 1.643, p<0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the CONUT score for 1-year and 5-year survival were 0.684 and 0.707, respectively. The CONUT score displayed greater predictive utility than other nutrition-related predictive tools.ConclusionsThe CONUT score on hospital admission could be used to predict overall mortality in older patients without cancer receiving home medical care. It is expected to be a simpler and cheaper screening tool for assessing the nutritional status in the field of home medical care.
Association between the number of chronic pain sites and neuropathic-like symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with chronic pain: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Saito Takafumi , Chen Tao , Yatsugi Harukaze , Chu Tianshu , Liu Xin , Kishimoto Hiro 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesWe investigated the relationship between the number of chronic pain sites and the prevalence and severity of neuropathic-like symptoms in community-dwelling older Japanese adults with chronic pain.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe data analysed are from a study conducted in the city of Itoshima, Japan in 2017.ParticipantsThe study population was 988 participants (age 65–75 years) not in need of long-term care who completed questionnaires assessing sociodemographic factors, psychological factors and chronic pain.Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the participants’ neuropathic-like symptoms evaluated by the PainDETECT Questionnaire (PD-Q). We classified the participants into mild and moderate-to-severe pain groups according to the pain intensity on the PD-Q. The number of chronic pain sites was categorised into groups with 1, 2–3 and ≥4 sites.ResultsThe age-adjusted and sex-adjusted prevalence of neuropathic-like symptoms was significantly higher among the participants with 2–3 or ≥4 sites compared with the single-site group. In the binomial logistic regression analyses, the multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for neuropathic-like symptoms among the participants with 2–3 and ≥4 sites were 1.94 (1.13 to 3.33) and 3.90 (2.22 to 6.85), respectively compared with the participants with single-site pain. The ORs for moderate-to-severe neuropathic-like symptoms increased significantly with the increase in the number of chronic pain sites.ConclusionsThe number of chronic pain sites was positively associated with the presence and severity of neuropathic-like symptoms in community-dwelling older Japanese adults with chronic pain.
Socioeconomic factors associated with the number of children ever born by married Ghanaian females: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Boateng Dennis , Oppong Felix Boakye , Senkyire Ephraim Kumi , Logo Divine Darlington 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveMost studies in Ghana on determinants of children ever born (CEB) are often conducted among all females of reproductive age and do not adequately report patterns among married females. Considering the importance of marriage to fertility in the Ghanaian context, this study seeks to explore the association of socioeconomic characteristics of married Ghanaian women with CEB.DesignData from the 2017 Ghana Maternal Health Survey were used. Three separate models were considered: linear regression model using CEB and two logistic regression models. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were considered for all models.SettingThe study was conducted in all 10 administrative regions of Ghana.ParticipantsMarried females aged between 15 and 49 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresSocioeconomic factors associated with married females’ CEB.ResultsIn all three models, place of residence, zone, wealth index, age, age at marriage, media exposure, level of education, number of abortions and age at first sex were all significantly (p<0.05) associated with CEB. Married females with higher education had lower odds of one or more births and lower odds of giving birth to three or more children. Also, married females from households with the highest wealth index had fewer CEB, lower odds of one or more births and lower odds of giving birth to three or more children.ConclusionSocioeconomic characteristics of married females in Ghana, including education and wealth status had a significant influence on the number of CEBs. We recommend governments’ intervention to help bridge the gaps in access to education and income-generating opportunities. The mass media must be used to propagate and counsel married females on the potential of high fertility and its consequences.
Circulating IL-6 is associated with disease progression in BRAFwt metastatic melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Mirjačić Martinović Katarina , Vuletić Ana , Tišma Miletić Nevena , Matković Suzana , Gavrilović Dušica , Ninković Aleksandra , Jurišić Vladimir , Babović Nada 
Published: February 2023

AimsDespite efficacy of anti-PD-1 blockade in treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM), many patients achieve rapid disease progression (DP). Therefore, the aim of this study is to better define biomarkers for DP by analysing levels of circulating cytokines TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in MM patients prior to anti-PD-1 therapy.MethodsCytokine levels were evaluated before therapy with pembrolizumab in peripheral blood of BRAF wild-type (wt) MM patients by ELISA method.ResultsIn this study, we give pretherapy levels for circulating TGF-β, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in BRAFwt MM patients and analyse them according to metastasis stage (M1a+M1 b, M1c, M1d groups), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and occurrence of DP. Increased IL-6 level was found in M1d group (central nervous system metastasis), while LDH+patients (LDH ≥460 IU/L) have increased IL-6 and IL-8 values that correlate with LDH level. Also, IL-6 correlates with C reactive protein values. Furthermore, patients with DP have significantly higher IL-6 level compared with non-DP patients. Conversely, the other analysed cytokines are similar in investigated groups of MM patients. By receiver operating characteristics curve analysis, pretherapy IL-6 level was found to be a biomarker for the occurrence of DP with cut-off value of 3.02 pg/mL. Patients in M1d stage are prevalent in the group with IL-6 ≥3.02 pg/mL that is characterised with reduced progression-free survival and higher pretherapy IL-8 and LDH.ConclusionThe evidence in this study implies that baseline IL-6 could be a biomarker of DP and poor prognosis in BRAFwt MM patients treated with pembrolizumab.