bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal risks of medical robots turnover
Authors: Shutova A. A. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: to identify criminal risks inherent in a medical robot, taking into account its hardware-technological (technological and digital) features, and to construct, based on this analysis, the author’s classification of criminal risks and models of criminal-legal protection of public relations arising in the medical robots’ turnover.Methods: the article uses general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, classification) and specific scientific methods of cognition, and the logical-legal method.Results: The security vulnerability of medical robots causes serious concern in manufacturers, programmers and those interacting with the robots in the healthcare industry. In medical institutions, robots interact closely with children, the elderly and the disabled, and it may not be clear to the patient whether the robot is working properly or being attacked. Any harm caused by a surgical robot as a result of unauthorized access (or other illegal actions) can undermine the public’s faith in medicine and in the healthcare system as a whole. Threats to the safety of medical robots can have further negative consequences for themselves, as such facts of unlawful influence can lead to robots breaking down or harming other nearby equipment that is the property of the healthcare institution, and worse – the life and health of patients or medical workers. In this regard, the paper identifies criminal risks and threats inherent in medical robots, and formulates measures to improve criminal legislation aimed at countering crimes arising against the legal turnover of medical robots (Article 2352 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).Scientific novelty: at the moment there are few Russian studies devoted to the legal regulation and protection of medical robots. Basically, such researches are done by medical scientists. However, in the Russian Federation, there are practically no special theoretical-legal studies, including those devoted to the study of criminal law issues of the protection of these legal relations, which confirms the relevance and significance of our research.Practical significance: the provisions and conclusions of the article can be used to further improve criminal legislation, and also lay the foundation for further research in criminal law science.
Destructive social movements “Maniacs. Killing cult” and the “World of maniacs and serial killers”: forming a criminal ideology
Authors: Glukhova A. A. , Iudin A. A. , Shpilev D. A. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: analysis of the semantic field of Internet publics of destructive social groups “Maniacs. The cult of murder” and “The world of maniacs and serial killers”, the reasons for the interest of teenagers and young people in these groups, the techniques used by moderators of social network pages to attract supporters and form a cult of violence among them and stimulate the commission of murders based on the research results (multidimensional content analysis of the social network pages content).Methods: general scientific (analysis, system-structural, comparative-legal) and specific scientific methods (multidimensional content analysis of the social network pages content).Results: based on the analysis of more than 17 thousand fragments of correspondence of participants of the movement “Maniacs. The cult of murder” and more than 34 thousand fragments of correspondence of participants of the movement “The world of maniacs and serial killers”, a semantic field was constructed, including the main topics discussed on the pages of the above-mentioned destructive social groups, methods of involving teenagers in a destructive total ideology modeling the most important spheres of life of the movements’ supporters, leveling the value of human life and turning someone else’s death into an ordinary phenomenon. It is concluded that within the framework of the destructive radical nationalist social movement “Maniacs. The cult of murder” an ideology was formed that has the following features: teleology, scientific appearance, wide audience coverage, presence of symbols and attributes, discussion of topics that have a socially negative character, using the language means that are understandable only to the community members.Scientific novelty: the main topics discussed by participants of destructive social movements “Maniacs. The cult of murder” and “The world of maniacs and serial killers” are described and analyzed. It is proved that as a result of immersion into such content, violence and murder cease to cause natural negative emotions, feelings of disgust and empathy for the victim in teenagers. The study showed that the formation and distribution of content in publics currently takes place on behalf of the users, which, on the one hand, allows removing part of the responsibility from the moderators, and on the other hand, turns the pages of movements into a so-called self-reproducing (by terminology of Niklas Luhmann – autopoietic) system capable of self-production, i.e. its existence is ensured by the activity of the users.Practical significance: the article materials can be useful to federal and regional authorities in implementing various aspects of youth policy, preventing sociopathic behavior of young people, ensuring the safety of educational institutions; to parents and family members of problem adolescents; and to scientists researching destructive youth network movements.
The video game industry’s money laundering problem: when do game publishers become money transmitters?
Authors: Roomberg M. 
Published: September 2023

Objective: to study the problem of money laundering in video game industry and to develop measures to minimize this illegal behavior.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical and sociological.Results: as enthusiasm for immersive multiplayer video games continues to grow, players are placing a high degree of value on virtual items like in-game currency, weapons, vehicles, and “skins”. The value of these items, paired with features that allow players to buy and sell them, has opened the door to criminals who can exploit these features to launder money. The United States maintains a robust legal framework to prevent and punish money laundering. One key piece of that framework is imposing certain reporting and recordkeeping duties on “financial institutions”, including money transmitters. If a company is subject to these duties, it must abide by complex and expensive anti-money laundering compliance requirements.Scientific novelty: the article, for the first time, considers the issue whether a game publisher is a criminal money transmitter. The paper takes up that question detailing the specific game features and publisher policies that, under current rules and guidance, lead to or rebuff the conclusion that a game publisher is a money transmitter.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the qualification of actions of video games publishers in case of their participation in money laundering.The article was first published in English language by Fordham Law Review Online. For more information please contact the editorial office.For original publication: Roomberg, M. (2023). The video game industry’s money laundering problem: when do game publishers become money transmitters?, Fordham Law Review Online, 91, 161–177.Publication URL: https://fordhamlawreview.org/law-review-online/the-video-game-industrys-money-laundering-problem-when-dogame-publishers-become-money-transmitters/
Study on the antipyretic activity and potential mechanism of Indigo Naturalis on lipopolysaccharide-induced fever rat model
Authors: Xu xiaorong , Huang Shengjie , Luo Chuanhong , Xu Runchun , Wang Fang , He Yanan , Yang Ming , Lin Junzhi , Han Li , Zhang Dingkun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background As a Traditional Chinese Medicine with an antipyretic effect, Indigo Naturalis (IN) has a long history of application in China. It is often used with other heat-clearing drugs to treat high fever in children, which is different from other heat-clearing medicines. But its antipyretic effect and mechanism have not been fully elucidated yet. And the heat-clearing development of IN lacks convincing current evidence.
Methods This study aimed to uncover the antipyretic effect and mechanism of IN on infectious fever by rectal temperature, pyrogen cytokines and metabolomics. Materials and Methods Firstly, the antipyretic effect of IN on LPS-induced fever rats was evaluated by the changes in rat rectal temperature. Then, the content of PGE2 and cAMP in the hypothalamus and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum were determined by ELISA. Finally, the plasma and urine samples of febrile rats were analyzed in combination with UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS to explore the antipyretic mechanism of IN.
Results Compared with pyrexia model rats, the rectal temperature of rats treated with Indigo Naturalis was suppressed after 0.5 h (P <0.01). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the expression of tumor necrosis TNF-α (P <0.01) and IL-6 (P <0.05) were suppressed by IN. A total of 11 endogenous metabolites were identified from the plasma samples of the IN group, the model group and the control group. Furthermore,15 metabolites were identified in the urine samples. Pathway analysis showed that IN mainly regulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, glucuronide mutual conversion and tryptophan metabolism.
Conclusion This study clarified the exact effect of IN on infectious fever. It mainly works by regulating pyrogenic cytokines and glycerophospholipid pathways. The present research provided a deeper understanding of the traditional heat-clearing effect of IN. It provided a reference for the further scientific research of IN and the selection of antipyretic drugs in clinical practice.
Prediction of cancer treatment response from histopathology images through imputed transcriptomics
Authors: Ruppin Eytan , Hoang Danh-Tai , Dinstag Gal , Hermida Leandro , Ben-Zvi Doreen , Elis Efrat , Caley Katherine , Sammut Stephen-John , Sinha Sanju , Sinha Neelam , Dampier Christopher , Stossel Chani , Patil Tejas , Rajan Arun , Lassoued Wiem , Strauss Julius , Bailey Shania , Allen Clint , Redman Jason , Beker Tuvik , Jiang Peng , Golan Talia , Wilkinson Scott , Sowalsky Adam , Pine Sharon , Caldas Carlos , Gulley James , Aldape Kenneth , Aharonov Ranit , Stone Eric 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Advances in artificial intelligence have paved the way for leveraging hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained tumor slides for precision oncology. We present ENLIGHT-DeepPT, an approach for predicting response to multiple targeted and immunotherapies from H&E-slides. In difference from existing approaches that aim to predict treatment response directly from the slides, ENLIGHT-DeepPT is an indirect two-step approach consisting of (1) DeepPT, a new deep-learning framework that predicts genome-wide tumor mRNA expression from slides, and (2) ENLIGHT, which predicts response based on the DeepPT inferred expression values. DeepPT successfully predicts transcriptomics in all 16 TCGA cohorts tested and generalizes well to two independent datasets. Our key contribution is showing that ENLIGHT-DeepPT successfully predicts true responders in five independent patients’ cohorts involving four different treatments spanning six cancer types with an overall odds ratio of 2.44, increasing the baseline response rate by 43.47% among predicted responders, without the need for any treatment data for training. Furthermore, its prediction accuracy on these datasets is comparable to a supervised approach predicting the response directly from the images, which needs to be trained and tested on the same cohort. ENLIGHT-DeepPT future application could provide clinicians with rapid treatment recommendations to an array of different therapies and importantly, may contribute to advancing precision oncology in developing countries.
Effects of the inclusion of physical activity in secondary education academic classes on educational indicators and health markers: Rationale and methods of the ACTIVE CLASS study
Authors: González-Pérez María , Sánchez-Oliva David , Grao-Cruces Alberto , Cano-Cañada Enrique , Martín-Acosta Fátima , Muñoz-González Raúl , Bandera-Campos Francisco J. , Ruiz-Hermosa Abel , Vaquero-Solís Miguel , Padilla-Moledo Carmen , Conde-Caveda Julio , Segura-Jiménez Víctor , González-Ponce Inmaculada , García-Calvo Tomás , Castro-Piñero José , Camiletti-Moirón Daniel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Physical inactivity and sedentary levels among children and adolescents are significant concerns. The school setting presents an ideal scenario for implementing strategies aimed at improving physical activity (PA) levels and reducing sedentary behaviours. However, most of the interventions have primarily focused on children, and limited evidence is available for adolescents. This paper presents the design, measurements, and interventions implemented in the ACTIVE CLASS study, which aim to assess the effects of two interventions on PA levels, sedentary time, health-related physical fitness academic indicators, cognition, and markers of psychological health among secondary education students.
Methods: A randomized controlled study is conducted with a total of 292 students from six schools (7th and 8th grade) in Spain (three in Cadiz and three in Caceres). One school from each study region is randomly assigned to either the active break intervention group, the physically active learning intervention group, or the control group. The interventions have a duration of 16 weeks. Nine main measurement categories are assessed: PA and sedentary time, health-related physical fitness, academic indicators, cognition, psychological health, motivational variables, dietary patterns, sociodemographic characteristics, and qualitative information. Three temporal moments of evaluation are distinguished: pre-intervention, post-intervention (week 16) and retention measurement (four weeks after the intervention). Qualitative information is assessed solely during the post-intervention measurement.
Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, the ACTIVE CLASS study is the first of its kind in Spain to evaluate the effects of incorporating active breaks and physically active learning in secondary education. Moreover, this project will offer valuable and innovative training to the educational community, enabling them to implement teaching methodologies that have the potential to enhance academic performance and improve the quality of life for their students.
Trial registration: NCT05891054 (clinicaltrials.gov), 06/06/2023.
Positive and negative effects of administering a magnetic field to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Authors: Zwolińska Jolanta , Kasprzak Marta , Kielar Aleksandra , Prokop Michał 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Magnetotherapy applied to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) produces anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioedema effects. Observations suggest that beneficial and adverse effects of magnetotherapy are related to the parameters of the magnetic field applied. The study aimed to assess the positive and negative effects of magnetotherapy, taking into account the type of the field. The study involved 39 patients with RA, who were randomly assigned to two groups: SMF - static magnetic field (n = 18) and PEMF – low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (n = 21). The examinations carried out before and after the therapy included a general assessment of the functional status, assessment of pain severity, measurement of the duration and severity of morning stiffness, computer-aided measurement of the range of motion of the hand joints and measurement of hand volume using water displacement method. The patients received kinesiotherapy and magnetotherapy, as determined by the randomisation. The findings show improved functional status (HAQ-20) on average by 0.26 points (p = 0.0166*), reduced pain (VAS) on average by 2.2 points (p = 0.0000***), reduced duration of morning stiffness on average by 23.2 min. (p = 0.0010**), and reduced severity of morning stiffness on average by 15.2 points (p = 0.0010**). The assessment of the dominant hand showed improved range of motion on average by 1.9 mm (p = 0.0036**) and reduced volume on average by 0.9 mm3 (p = 0.0230*). Significantly reduced duration and severity of morning stiffness was observed in SMF Group. Statistically significant changes in HAQ-20 scores, range of motion and the volume of the dominant hand were identified in PEMF Group. Magnetic fields improve functional status, and reduce pain, morning stiffness as well as swelling in the hand. A static magnetic field may be more effective in reducing morning stiffness whereas a pulsed magnetic field may, to a greater extent, improve function and reduce swelling in the rheumatoid hand. The side effects of magnetotherapy reported so far require further observation.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05920746; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov). Day of first registration 27/06/2023.
New insights from old data - Hunting for compounds with novel mechanisms using cellular high-throughput screening profiles with Grey Chemical Matter
Authors: Renner Steffen , Thomas Jason , Shelton Claude , murphy jason , Brittain Scott , Bray Mark-Anthony , Aspesi Peter , Concannon John , King Frederick , Ihry Robert , Ho Daniel , Henault Martin ,   Andrea Hadjikyriacou1, Neri Marilisa , sigoillot frederic , Pham Helen , Shum Matthew , Barys Louise , Jones Michael , Martin Eric , Blechschmidt Anke , Rieffel Sébastien , Troxler Thomas , Mapa Felipa , Jenkins Jeremy , Jain Rishi , Kutchukian Peter , Schirle Markus 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Identifying high quality chemical starting points is a critical and challenging step in drug discovery, which typically involves screening large compound libraries or repurposing of compounds with known mechanisms of actions (MoAs). Here we introduce a novel cheminformatics approach that mines existing large-scale, phenotypic high throughput screening (HTS) data. Our method aims to identify bioactive compounds with distinct and specific MoAs, serving as a valuable complement to existing focused library collections. This approach identifies chemotypes with selectivity across multiple cell-based assays and characterized by persistent and broad structure activity relationships (SAR). We prospectively demonstrate the validity of the approach in broad cellular profiling assays (cell painting, DRUG-seq, Promotor Signature Profiling) and chemical proteomics experiments where the compounds behave similarly to known chemogenetic libraries, but with a bias towards novel protein targets and required no synthetic effort to improve compound properties. A public set of such compounds is provided based on the PubChem BioAssay dataset for use by the scientific community.
Medical students’ experiences of guided reflection on early clinical exposure: A qualitative study
Authors: Farajpour Arezou , Salehi Armin , Mashoufi Rasam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Early clinical exposure in medical curricula can help students understand the social context of medicine and facilitate their transition to the clinical environment. To investigate the experiences of medical students in this regard, a study was designed and implemented with a focus on guided reflection.
Methods: In this qualitative study, 2nd-semester medical students underwent guided reflection and were asked to respond to open-ended questions in written form after their initial clinical exposure in teaching hospitals. The written answers provided by the students were analyzed using open coding to extract semantic units, subcategories, categories, and themes.
Findings: The responses of 52 participating students were coded, resulting in the extraction and formation of 279 semantic units, 22 codes, nine subcategories, five categories, and two themes.
Conclusion: Guided reflection through early clinical exposure lays the foundation for developing core competencies, including communication skills, problem-solving and clinical reasoning abilities, personal development, and the cultivation of professional identity and professionalism among medical students.
Development of high-performance zero-gap carbon dioxide electrolysis cells using a hydrophilic porous membrane
Authors: Kiyota Yasuhiro , Kofuji Yusuke , Kudo Yuki , Yonetsu Maki , Ono Akihiko , Mikoshiba Satoshi , Kitagawa Ryota 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

A hydrophilic porous membrane is adopted as the diaphragm in zero-gap CO2 electrolysis cells in order to improve their efficiency and durability. The hydrophilic porous membrane is sparse and nonpolar, which are features opposite to those seen in the anion-exchange membranes commonly used as the diaphragm in CO2 electrolysis cells. These characteristics result in high ion permeability, which contributes to decreased power consumption. A cell with an active area of 16 cm2 achieves high Faradaic efficiency of 90% at a current density of 1000 mA/cm2 and a lower cell voltage compared with anion-exchange membranes. Optimization of the operating temperature achieves maximal energy efficiency of around 50% at 200 mA/cm2 under neutral electrolyte conditions. Excellent chemical stability of the porous membrane is demonstrated through experiments in a simulated practical environment and under long-term operation with application of a variable power source and introduction of impurity gases. The cells using the membrane was operated for an unprecedented 1000 h in a 400 mA/cm2 durability test. Furthermore, a CO2 electrolysis cell scaled up to a 10 × 100 cm2 cell stack is demonstrated as a step toward the development of an industrial-scale CO2 electrolysis cell. These results suggest that the hydrophilic porous membrane is a promising diaphragm option for the practical application of CO2 electrolyzers.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Suaeda salsa under Drought and Salt Stress
Authors: Li Jialei , Wang Yuwei , Bao Jinbo , Ding Zhijie , Yisilam Gulbar , Chu Zhenzhou , Su Ying , Wang Qiuyan , Tian Xinmin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Drought and salt stress are major constraints for agricultural survival and development. Suaeda salsa is one of the hot spots plants in the study of drought- and salt-tolerant with important soil improvement and ecological restoration roles. Therefore, it is significant to understand the effects of water shortage and salt stress on physiological and biochemical properties of plants. In the study, two different horizontal gradients were set up to measure the phenotype, physiological and biochemical characteristics of S. salsa under drought and salt stress. The results showed that drought and salt stress inhibited the growth of S. salsa. Different salt concentrations significantly increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD). With increasing concentration of salt stress, malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein and soluble sugar contents showed an upward trend, while chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents first decreased, and then increased by 28.21% and 45.45% due to the accumulation of proline. As drought stress concentration increased, the POD activity first decreased and then increased, while soluble protein contents showed an opposite trend. Under severe drought, chlorophyll a/b and carotenoid contents decreased by 52.0%, 57.01%, and 20.00%, respectively. Our results indicated that drought and high salinity inhibited the growth, morphology, and most physiological and biochemical characteristics of S. salsa, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes, content of osmotic adjustment substances and photosynthetic pigments might be related to the accumulation of proline.