bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanocellulose‐Assisted Molecularly Engineering of Nitrogen Deficient Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Selective Biomass Photo‐Oxidation
Authors: Zou Ren , Chen Zhongxin , Zhong Linxin , Yang Wu , Li Tingzhen , Gan Jianyun , Yang Yunyi , Chen Zehong , Lai Haihong , Li Xuehui , Liu Chuanfu , Admassie Shimelis , Iwuoha Emmanuel Iheanyichukwu , Lu Jun , Peng Xinwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStructural modulation of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) remains a major challenge in rational catalyst design for artificial photosynthesis of valuable chemicals. Herein, a cellulose nanofiber (CNF) assisted polymerization is utilized to prepare 1D holey g‐C3N4nanorods (HCN) with nitrogen vacancies and oxygen dopants for photochemical synthesis of lactic acid via monosaccharide photooxidation. The HCN exhibits a remarkable yield of 75.5% for lactic acid from a wide assortment of sugars such as hexose (C5) to pentose (C6), together with an excellent hydrogen production rate of 2.8 mmol h−1 g−1. Mechanistic studies confirm the rapid generation of superoxide radical is responsible for the superior activity, enjoying the synergetic effect between nitrogen vacancies and oxygen dopants. This work provides new directions for the design of green and efficient photocatalysts for biomass upgrading.
Unique Geometrical and Electronic Properties of TM2B2 Quadruple Active Sites Supported on C2N Monolayer Toward Effective Electrochemical Urea Production
Authors: Ma Zengying , Luo Yao , Wu Peng , Zhong Junwen , Ling Chongyi , Yu Yanghong , Xia Xueqian , Song Bowen , Ning Lixin , Huang Yucheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance electrocatalysts for urea production using CO2 and N2 holds great potential to mitigate environmental pollution and energy crisis. In this study, 26 kinds of quadruple TM2B2 ensembles supported on porous C2N monolayer are designed as the potential electrocatalysts, with the expectation to provide sufficient space for the co‐adsorption of CO2 and N2 and fulfill a synergistic effect of transition metal (TM) and boron atoms. Cr2B2@C2N is selected as the promising electrocatalyst with a record‐low limiting potential of −0.37 V (vs RHE) in the neutral environment, by using a three‐step screening strategy, i.e., stability of the catalyst, adsorption pattern of N2, and desorption of urea. With the help of artificial intelligence approaches, simple geometric and electronic descriptors are identified for the selectivity and activity of the electrocatalysts, which correlate strongly with the TM‐B distance and the number of d electrons and electronegativity of TM atoms. The geometric descriptor narrows the scope to the early‐TM‐containing systems while the electronic descriptor produces the Cr‐containing system. Results of this study provide a novel perspective to the electrochemical synthesis of urea that is useful to the rational design of effective electrocatalyst toward urea production.
1D Diisopropylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Shows Exceptional Optical Stability and Third‐Order Nonlinearity
Authors: Maqbool Shabnum , Thekkayil Ziyad , Mandal Pankaj 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow‐dimensional lead‐halide perovskites show wide structural and compositional diversity. Multiple functionalities can be introduced in these materials for diverse linear and nonlinear optical applications. Nonlinear optical (NLO) processes depend on material polarizability, crystal symmetry, and processibility. The flexibility of choosing organic cations in lead‐halide perovskites provides an opportunity for enhanced NLO responses by enhancing the overall system polarizability. A highly polarizable diisopropylammonium [Dipa; ((CH3)2CH)2NH2+] is used as an A‐site cation to synthesize one‐dimensional (1D) lead‐iodide (DipaPbI3) perovskite single crystals and the third‐harmonic generation (THG) in the excitation wavelength range of 1200–1600 nm is explored. DipaPbI3 single crystals exhibit exceptionally efficient resonance‐enhanced THG, amazing optical stability, and a high polarization ratio due to enhanced bulk‐polarization. The THG efficiency (χ(3) ≈ 4 × 10−18 m2 V−2) and laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT, 144 GW cm−2) are an order of magnitude higher than the reported perovskites explored as THG materials. Density functional theory calculations show a significantly higher polarizability for Dipa cation, asserting the influence of the cation polarizability on the NLO efficiency of the perovskite. The stability of these single crystals in ambient conditions for an extended period adds to their potential for commercial application in the near future.
The Influence of Dimensionality on the Charge‐Density‐Wave Transition and its Application on Mid‐Infrared Photodetection
Authors: Li Jialin , Bai Hua , Li Yupeng , Mi Junjian , Chen Qiang , Tang Wei , Zhu Huanfeng , Fan Xinyi , Lu Yunhao , Xu Zhuan , Li Linjun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract2D charge density wave (CDW) materials receive much attention for high responsivity and broadband photodetection in recent years due to their collective electron transport and narrow bandgap. However, the high dark current density problem hinders their real application. Here, a sharp CDW transition in quasi‐1D (TaSe4)2I is reported and applied for broadband photodetection. Especially at mid‐infrared region, the device shows both high photo responsivity of 1.18 ×103 A W−1 and large light on/off ratio of 80, which is superior to 2D CDW TaS2 and most reported low‐dimensional materials. Such high performance relies on two aspects. One is the much lower dark current density resulting from the pseudo gap associated with 1D Luttinger liquid state, which is supported by finite size scaling of nonlinear I–V at variable temperatures and occurrence of 1D structural phase transition consolidated by in situ Raman spectroscopy. The other is the high photocurrent associated with the “Fröhlich superconductivity” state, manifested by an ultrasensitive switching, which can be only accessible in 1D CDW materials, in agreement with the authors’ density functional theory calculation. This work thus reveals the pivotal role of dimensionality in CDW phase transition and paves a way for implementing highly sensitive broadband photodetector.
Dynamically Rotating Magnetic Levitation to Characterize the Spatial Density Heterogeneity of Materials
Authors: Gao Qiu‐Hua , Song Peng‐Hui , Zou Hong‐Xiang , Wu Zhi‐Yuan , Zhao Lin‐Chuan , Zhang Wen‐Ming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnetic levitation (MagLev) is a promising technology for density‐based analysis and manipulation of nonmagnetic materials. One major limitation is that extant MagLev methods are based on the static balance of gravitational‐magnetic forces, thereby leading to an inability to resolve interior differences in density. Here a new strategy called “dynamically rotating MagLev” is proposed, which combines centrifugal force and nonlinear magnetic force to amplify the interior differences in density. The design of the nonlinear magnetic force in tandem with centrifugal force supports the regulation of stable equilibriums, enabling different homogeneous objects to reach distinguishable equilibrium orientations. Without reducing the magnetic susceptibility, the dynamically rotating MagLev system can lead to a relatively large change in orientation angle (∆ψ > 50°) for the heterogeneous parts with small inclusions (volume fraction VF = 2.08%). The rich equilibrium states of levitating objects invoke the concept of levitation stability, which is employed, for the first time, to characterize the spatial density heterogeneity of objects. Exploiting the tunable nonlinear levitation behaviors of objects provides a new paradigm for developing operationally simple, nondestructive density heterogeneity characterization methods. Such methods have tremendous potential in applications related to sorting, orienting, and assembling objects in three dimensions.
Synthesis of Thioamides via Decarboxylative/Oxidative Cross‐Coupling Reaction by Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Sarkar Subhankar , Pal Satyajit , Santra Sougata , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Ghosh Susanta , Majee Adinath 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn efficient and new approach has been developed for decarboxylative/oxidative cross‐coupling reaction between arylglyoxylic acids and N,N,N′,N′‐tetraalkylthiuram disulfides to afford aryl thioamide using a catalytic amount of Eosin Y as a photocatalyst. This reaction protocol offers a metal, base and sulfurating reagent‐free synthesis of a variety of aryl thioamides with moderate to excellent yields.
Nanochannel‐Based Ion Transport and Its Application in Osmotic Energy Conversion: A Critical Review
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhang Xu , Zhu Huangyi , Zhang Xiaofan , Liu Qian , Fu Mingxuan , Zhu Jianjun , Pu Jiaqi , Qu Zhiguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanochannel‐based ion transport is an important field of study in various disciplines, including physics, chemistry, energy, materials science, biology, and earth science. The unique features of natural nanochannels have inspired numerous innovative designs that seek to achieve high ion permeability, selectivity, and rectification. A notable example is osmotic energy conversion, which harvests sustainable salinity‐gradient energy to generate electricity without moving parts, noise, or carbon emissions and thus serves as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuel utilization. This review focuses on the fundamental principles, regulatory methods, and practical applications of nanochannel‐based ion transport for osmotic energy conversion. The physical mechanisms of ion transport and the intriguing phenomena of ion behaviors in nanoconfined spaces are discussed first, followed by a thorough examination of the overall process of osmotic power generation from mathematical, numerical, parametric, first‐principles, molecular simulation, and modeling perspectives. Strategies for enhancing the osmotic performance are then discussed to overcome the trade‐off between ion selectivity and ion flux, including the theoretical design of nanochannel geometry and electrification, experimental optimization of nanoporous membranes, and electrolyte thermal enhancement. The existing challenges and opportunities for the future development of nanochannel‐based ion transport and osmotic power generation are addressed at the end.
Performance of windshear/microburst detection algorithms using numerical weather prediction model data for selected tropical cyclone cases
Authors: Chan P. W. , Lai K. K. , Kong W. , Tse S. M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThree windshear/microburst detection algorithms are used operationally at the Hong Kong International Airport. Their performance is studied in the present article by assuming the availability of the complete set of meteorological data from numerical weather prediction model output. Only selected tropical cyclone cases are considered. The performance is evaluated using pilot reports of windshear. It turns out that the glide path scan windshear detection algorithm has the best overall performance by considering the area under curve using the relative operating characteristic curves. This may be related to the better geometry in covering the glide paths of the airport for this particular algorithm.
Cystine and tyrosine feed reduces oxidative and ER stress in CHO cells
Authors: Shibafuji Yusuke , Nagao Nobuyoshi , Yohda Masafumi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMulti‐omics analyses was performed to compare the conditions of adding Tyr and Cystine in CHO cells. The addition of cystine resulted in decreased viability and productivity owing to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the promotion of ER‐associated degradation (ERAD) and apoptosis. In contrast, addition of Tyr suppressed ER stress and apoptosis. This effect could be due to the increase in ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) biosynthesized from Tyr. To inhibit apoptosis caused by cystine addition, Tyr was added simultaneously with cystine, which improved growth, viability, and mAb productivity owing to the activation of GSH metabolism, suppression of ER stress and oxidative stress, reduction of ERAD, and activation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Diagnosis of the right atrial myxoma after treatment of COVID‐19: A case report
Authors: Gholinataj Jelodar Mohsen , Mirzaei Samaneh , Dehghan Chenari Hanieh , Tabkhi Mahdiyeh 
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical MessageAtrial myxoma is a rare disease but has a broad clinical presentation and complication that involves several systems‐ heart, lungs, brain, and systemic. An interdisciplinary approach is very important to optimize the outcome in patients with atrial myxomas. A thorough examination by primary care providers is crucial. Then radiologists or cardiologists can help with imaging modalities that can help diagnose and characterize the tumor. Prior to surgical resection by cardiothoracic surgeons, patients need to be evaluated by pulmonologists, cardiologists, and anesthesiologists for preoperative risk stratifications. In patients with neurological complications, pulmonary complications, or infectious endocarditis, input from neurologists, hematologists, infectious disease specialists is essential for patient care. In case antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy or antibiotic treatment is warranted, pharmacists can provide valuable recommendations.AbstractMyxoma is the most common benign cardiac primary tumor, occurring in the right atrium in only 15%–20% of cases. This disease is asymptomatic initially depending upon size of the tumor, and symptoms develop as the tumor spreads. Atrial myxomas are associated with a triad of complications, including obstruction, emboli, and constitutional symptoms (such as fever and weight loss). This regard, embolization of the pulmonary circulation system is a complication of right myxoma. The patient was a 40‐year‐old male who presented to the emergency department complaining of fever and confusion. He had been previously hospitalized due to COVID‐19 and treated with Remdesivir and plasmapheresis. He had tachycardia, tachypnea, thrombocytopenia, and increased liver enzymes. Chest imaging showed nodular lesions with necrotic areas and cavitary lesions in both lungs and the right atrium infected clot was seen in echocardiography. He was treated with intravenous antibiotics and finally underwent heart surgery due to the diagnosis of pulmonary septic embolism. The patient was finally diagnosed with right atrial myxoma according to heart mass histopathology. It is worth noting that the patient's thrombosis had already developed on the right atrial myxoma, which delayed the diagnosis in this patient. This thrombus formation was due to the hypercoagulability state of COVID‐19 and following the insertion of a central venous catheter to perform plasmapheresis as a complication of treatment. Special attention should be paid to thromboprophylaxis and the early diagnosis of intravascular and intracardiac thrombosis in COVID‐19 patients. Furthermore, the use of imaging modalities is recommended to differentiate thrombus from myxoma.
New Opportunities in Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysis: From Bifunctional to Frustrated Lewis Pairs Catalysis
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Asiri Abdullah M. , Garcia Hermenegildo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article highlights novel prospects for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in heterogeneous catalysis as having frustrated Lewis acid‐base pairs (FLPs) or as bifunctional acid‐base solid catalysts able to activate molecular hydrogen. Starting from the extensive application MOFs as Lewis acid and Lewis base catalysts, this article uses catalytic hydrogenation to briefly summarize the efforts made to heterogenize boron and amine in MOFs to mimic molecular FLP systems. The core of this concept is based on recent findings which demonstrate the ability of two commonly used MOFs, namely UiO‐66 and MIL‐101, to catalyze the selective hydrogenation of polar double X=Y bonds at moderate H2 pressures below 10 bar. The influence of electron‐donating, the withdrawal of substituents on the linker, and the aniline poisoning effect highlight the significance of Lewis acid sites, while density‐functional theory calculations indicate the heterolytic H−H bond cleavage at the MOF metal oxo clusters. It is expected that this new perspective on MOFs as solid FLP systems will spur further research to explore and define the potential of dual sites in the catalytic activation of small molecules.
Structure‐induced Intelligence of Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Nie Zhen‐Zhou , Wang Meng , Yang Hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLiquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are active soft matter‐based materials with strong stimulus responsiveness and reversible, large‐shape morphing capabilities. LCEs have demonstrated broad and growing applications in soft robotics, wearable devices, artificial muscles, and optical machines. The actuation intelligence and advanced functionality of LCEs depend on the smartness and properties of structures. In this review, we discuss recent advances in structure‐induced intelligence of LCEs, specifically the integration of structural properties with the alignment and processing of LCEs. The structural design principles for three categories consisting of common structures (film, fiber, and tubule), smart structures (origami, kirigami, mechanical metamaterial, topology, and topography), and complex structures (monolithic and integrated) are presented. Various alignment controls of LCEs, including mechanical, surface, field‐assisted, and shear alignment, are capable of inducing structural properties. The coupling and collaboration mechanisms of the LCE structures and the generated functions are discussed. The review concludes with perspectives on current challenges and emerging opportunities.
Enantioseparation and racemization of 3‐fluorooxindoles
Authors: Yuan Andi , Steber Sarah E. , Xhili Dea , Nelson Eryn , Wolf Christian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFluorinated oxindoles are frequently used building blocks in asymmetric synthesis and represent an important scaffold found in a variety of biologically relevant compounds. While it is understood that incorporation of fluorine atoms into organic molecules can improve their pharmacological properties, the impact on the configurational stability of chiral organofluorines is still underexplored. In this study, semipreparative HPLC enantioseparations of five oxindoles were carried out, and the resulting enantiomerically enriched solutions were used to investigate base promoted racemization kinetics at room temperature. It was found that incorporation of fluorine at the chiral center increases the configurational stability, while substitutions on the aromatic ring and at the lactam moiety also have significant effects on the rate of racemization, which generally follows reversible first‐order reaction kinetics.
The minimal clinically important difference of app‐based electronic patient‐reported outcomes for hay fever
Authors: Nagino Ken , Sung Jaemyoung , Midorikawa‐Inomata Akie , Eguchi Atsuko , Fujimoto Keiichi , Okumura Yuichi , Yee Alan , Fujio Kenta , Akasaki Yasutsugu , Huang Tianxiang , Miura Maria , Hurramhon Shokirova , Hirosawa Kunihiko , Ohno Mizu , Morooka Yuki , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Inomata Takenori 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHay fever is a common allergic disease, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 14.4% and a variety of symptoms. This study assessed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of nasal symptom score (NSS), non‐nasal symptom score (NNSS), and total symptoms score (TSS) for app‐based hay‐fever monitoring.MethodsMCIDs were calculated based on the data from a previous large‐scale, crowdsourced, cross‐sectional study using AllerSearch, an in‐house smartphone application. MCIDs were determined with anchor‐based and distribution‐based methods. The face scale score of the Japanese Allergic Conjunctival Disease Standard Quality of Life Questionnaire Domain III and the daily stress level due to hay fever were used as anchors for determining MCIDs. The MCID estimates were summarized as MCID ranges.ResultsA total of 7590 participants were included in the analysis (mean age: 35.3 years, 57.1% women). The anchor‐based method produced a range of MCID values (median, interquartile range) for NSS (2.0, 1.5–2.1), NNSS (1.0, 0.9–1.2), and TSS (2.9, 2.4–3.3). The distribution‐based method produced two MCIDs (based on half a standard deviation, based on a standard error of measurement) for NSS (2.0, 1.8), NNSS (1.3, 1.2), and TSS (3.0, 2.3). The final suggested MCID ranges for NSS, NNSS, and TSS were 1.8–2.1, 1.2–1.3, and 2.4–3.3, respectively.ConclusionsMCID ranges for app‐based hay‐fever symptom assessment were obtained from the data collected through a smartphone application, AllerSearch. These estimates may be useful for monitoring the subjective symptoms of Japanese patients with hay fever through mobile platforms.
A low‐cost fault‐tolerant permanent magnet brush‐less direct current motor drive for low‐power electric vehicle applications
Authors: Kumar Patnana Hema , Lakhimsetty Suresh , Somasekhar Veeramraju Tirumala 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a fault‐tolerant power converter for a voltage source inverter (VSI)‐driven permanent magnet brush‐less direct current (PM‐BLDC) motor drive, which is suitable for low‐power electric vehicle (EV) applications. With the proposed topology, it is possible to deliver rated power to the PM‐BLDC motor even after the incidence of either an open‐circuit fault (OCF) or a short‐circuit fault (SCF) in any one of the switches, which constitute the VSI. The proposed fault‐tolerant PM‐BLDC motor drive requires fewer additional sensors and components compared to the fault‐tolerant power converters, which are reported in the previous literature. Cost analysis, carried out for a 3‐kW motor drive, reveals that an additional cost of only 5% is added to the raw material cost of the traditional PM‐BLDC motor configuration to facilitate fault tolerance. The fault‐tolerant operation of the proposed power converter is experimentally verified with a low‐power laboratory prototype.
Visible light‐active pure and lanthanum‐doped copper oxide nanostructures for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye and hydrogen production
Authors: Rafique Muhammad , Khalid N. R. , Irshad Muneeb , Shafiq Falak , Usman Muhammad , Fouad Yasser , Imran Muhammad , Assiri Mohammad A. , Ashraf Waqar Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClean water and renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important in the current era, as well as a future challenge, and one of the potential solutions is photocatalysis. In the current study, a simple one‐step hydrothermal technique is employed to fabricate the pure and La‐doped CuO (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) photocatalysts. The influence of varying La concentration on structure, morphology, and optical properties is determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. SEM showed that synthesized nanostructures are irregularly spherical and transform into needle‐like nanostructures on increasing La concentration. XRD revealed the monoclinic phase with a crystallite size of 15–23 nm. The UV–visible spectrum exhibited a decrease in the band gap of La‐doped CuO needle‐like nanostructures from UV to visible light. The composition and purity of synthesized nanostructures are evaluated via the energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrum which revealed that needle‐like nanostructures are pure without any impurity traces. The synthesized nanostructures were used as a photocatalyst against methylene blue dye to examine their photocatalytic activity. The synthesized CuO‐3La photocatalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance of dye degradation and hydrogen production 95.3 μmol h−1 g−1 with more than 97% cyclic stability. Therefore, the synthesized La‐doped CuO nanostructures are potential candidates for photocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen evolution.