bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of nursing home closure on local employment in the United States
Authors: Xu Lili , Sharma Hari , Wehby George L. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the effect of nursing home closure on local employment, overall, and by rurality.Data Sources and Study SettingWe obtained 2008–2018 county‐level data from the Quarterly Workforce Indicators, Medicare Provider of Services, Area Health Resource, and Urban Influence Codes files. From 2008 to 2018, 878 counties experienced at least one nursing home closure, and 2055 counties did not experience a closure.Study DesignUsing a difference‐in‐difference study design, we compare the changes of total employment, health sector employment and non‐health sector employment over time between counties with and without a nursing home closure. We utilize the variation in the year and quarter of nursing home closures to estimate subsequent employment changes as well as employment trends before closure. We also account for contemporaneous events including nursing home entries and hospital entries and closures, and evaluate heterogeneity by rurality.Data ExtractionWe include data on nursing home closure from the Medicare Provider of Service file. Quarterly county‐level employee counts were obtained from the Quarterly Workforce Indicators provided by the Census Bureau. County‐level demographic data were obtained from the Area Health Resource Files. We use Urban Influence Codes from the Economic Research Service, Department of Agriculture, to classify metropolitan, micropolitan, and rural (noncore) counties.Principal FindingsHealth sector employment decreased by about 3.2%–4.1% (p < 0.01) in counties with a nursing home closure. The reduction was largest in rural counties (approximately 7.2%–9.4%, p < 0.01). The reduction in health sector employment persisted over time, particularly in rural counties. Overall, there was no discernable effect on non‐health sector employment.ConclusionsNursing home closure is associated with a persistent decline in health sector employment, particularly in rural counties, suggesting a reduction in the health care workforce and in the ability to sustain health care services supply, particularly in rural areas.
Association between disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and bone turnover biomarkers
Authors: Azadeh Hossein 
Published: December 2022

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been linked to an increased risk of osteoporosis as well as fractures. Patients diagnosed with RA had a 25% increased risk of osteoporotic fracture, according to a recent population‐based cohort study that compared them to people without RA. Several studies have found a correlation between osteoporosis and the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1, and 6. These cytokines play a crucial part in the process of bone resorption by boosting osteoclast activation and encouraging osteoclast differentiation. Based on the correlation between RA, osteoporosis, and inflammation, it is possible that systemic immunosuppression with disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) can help individuals with RA have a lower chance of developing osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. There is little information on how different DMARDs, biologic or non‐biologic, affect RA patients' bone metabolism. In this study, we present an overview of the influence that targeted therapies, such as biologics, non‐biologics, and small molecule inhibitors, have on bone homeostasis in RA patients.
Detecting overproduction: Evidence from inventory write‐down
Authors: Comiran Fernando , Siriviriyakul Subprasiri 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe use inventory write‐downs to differentiate opportunistic and non‐opportunistic overproduction measures. We posit that non‐opportunistic overproduction is positively associated with future write‐downs because overproduction generally leads to excess inventory, while opportunistic overproduction (to inflate earnings) is negatively associated with write‐downs because write‐downs decrease earnings. We find that change‐based proxies (deviations from past behaviour) are positively associated with the likelihood of future write‐downs, whereas residual‐based proxies (deviations from industry norms) are negatively associated with this likelihood, suggesting that the former (latter) primarily capture non‐opportunistic (opportunistic) overproduction. Our study highlights the importance of using appropriate overproduction measures for each research setting.
Investor reactions to key audit matters: Financial and non‐financial contexts
Authors: Hoang Hien , Moroney Robyn , Phang Soon‐Yeow , Xiao Xinning 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe investigate how a disclosed risk item and key audit matter (KAM) relatedness combine to affect investors' riskiness assessment in financial and non‐financial contexts. When management disclose a high‐risk item, we find that investors react the same way across contexts with KAM relatedness having no effect. When management disclose a low‐risk item, investors react differently in each context. When a KAM is related to the disclosed financial (non‐financial) low‐risk item, investors assess investment riskiness higher (lower) than when a KAM is unrelated to the low‐risk item. Our findings indicate the varying communicative value of KAMs across financial and non‐financial contexts.
Digital financial inclusion and investment diversification: Evidence from China
Authors: Lu Xiaomeng , Lai Yali , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractWe examine the impact of digital financial inclusion on the diversification of individual stock investments in China using nationwide data from the Chinese Stock Market Individual Investor Survey and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index of China. We show that digital financial inclusion significantly increases the diversification of individual stock investments, primarily by reducing investors' perceived transaction costs and mitigating investors' limited attention. It also plays a more significant role among investors with lower conventional financial development, lower financial literacy, below 45 years old, shorter investment experience and females. We recommend the continued promotion of digital financial inclusion to optimise asset allocation in Chinese households.
Effect of Er:YAG laser on removal of fibre posts from root canal
Authors: Özcan Nihal , Utar Merve , Çulhaoğlu Ahmet Kürsad , Erdoğan Hamiyet Güngör 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Er:YAG laser in translucent fibre post removal. 60 human single‐rooted anterior teeth were divided into three groups (n = 20) according to post diameters (Exacto1‐E1, Exacto2‐E2, Exacto3‐E3) and subdivided according to laser application. Fibre posts were cemented to endodontically treated teeth, and the specimens were sliced with a thickness of 1.0 ± 0.2 mm. Er:YAG laser was applied and the push out bond strength test was performed. Two‐way analysis of variance was used to perform the statistical analysis. Push out bond strengths at apical area were significantly lower in all test groups (p < 0.05). Laser application caused increase in all radicular thirds, but it was significant for E1 and E3 groups. Laser application to the post‐dentine interface enhances the connection between post and dentine.
Substance use disorders and treatment in Asian American and Pacific Islander women: A scoping review
Authors: Wang Callie L. , Kanamori Margaux , Moreland‐Capuia Alisha , Greenfield Shelly F. , Sugarman Dawn E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAsian American Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) face unique barriers in seeking treatment for substance use disorders (SUD) and are less likely than the general population to receive treatment. Barriers specific to AAPI women may be especially significant given identified gender and racial differences in SUD prevalence and treatment. This review examines rates of SUD in AAPI women and summarizes the literature on SUD treatment for AAPI women.MethodsData from 2016 to 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) surveys were extracted to summarize rates of SUD. A scoping review of the literature on AAPI women and SUD treatment was conducted; eight articles published from 2010 to present were reviewed.ResultsThe prevalence of SUDs among AAPI women increased overall, although rates of SUDs were generally lower in AAPI women compared to their male counterparts. Patterns of gender differences in SUDs varied for subpopulations of AAPI women. There is limited research on treatment utilization and access for AAPI women. The few studies that examined treatment outcomes found favorable outcomes for AAPI women; research on culturally adapted interventions was promising but nascent.Discussion and ConclusionsLiterature on SUD treatment for AAPI women is limited. The availability of more culturally tailored treatments addressing the specific needs of AAPI women may lead to more acceptability and treatment utilization for this group. Additional research is needed to elucidate the unique barriers to treatment AAPI women face.Scientific SignificanceWith rising rates of substance use in AAPI women, there is a need to develop and test effective SUD treatments adapted for AAPI women.
Intersubjectivity, Empathy, Life‐World, and the Social Brain: The Relevance of Husserlian Neurophenomenology for the Anthropology of Consciousness
Authors: Laughlin Charles D. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOur species of hominin, Homo sapiens, is an extremely social animal. We are born with social brains. The phenomenology of Edmund Husserl is a methodological approach to social consciousness that offers significant advantages in terms of uncovering and describing the essential structures of our social perceptions and actions. This is especially true in this period of post‐neuro‐turn social science, because the structures described by Husserlian “pure” phenomenology with its emphasis upon “returning to the things,” performing reductions, and developing the skills available to the phenomenological attitude are in synch with neuroscientific research on the neural correlates of consciousness. For the anthropology of consciousness, the Husserlian methodology allows us to explore consciousness in cross‐cultural settings in greater detail and depth of understanding. This is especially the case with respect to the experience of intersubjectivity, the roots of which are found to be part of the inherent life‐world that all normal humans depend upon to true their experiences of the environing world, regardless of cultural background. The Husserlian approach to intersubjectivity challenges the discipline of anthropology to move past its knee‐jerk distinction between nature and nurture, and its erroneous assumption that human experience is somehow “culture all the way down.”
Personalized total neoadjuvant therapy versus chemotherapy during the ‘wait period’ versus standard chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Bedrikovetski Sergei , Traeger Luke , Fitzsimmons Tracy , Perry Joanne , Vather Ryash , Moore James W. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to compare current treatment response rates with personalized Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (pTNT), against extended chemotherapy in the ‘wait period’ (xCRT) and standard chemoradiotherapy (sCRT) with adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer.MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective cohort analysis. Consecutive patients with rectal cancer treated with pTNT over a 3.9‐year period were compared to a historical cohort of patients treated with xCRT or sCRT as part of the published WAIT Trial. pTNT patients received 8 cycles mFOLFOX6 or 6 cycles CAPOX in the neoadjuvant setting (no adjuvant treatment). Patients in the WAIT Trial received either 3 cycles 5‐FU/LV during the 10‐week wait period after chemoradiotherapy or standard chemoradiotherapy, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was overall complete response (oCR) rate defined as the proportion of patients who achieved either complete clinical response (cCR) or pathological complete response (pCR).ResultsOf 284 patients diagnosed with rectal cancer during the 3.9‐year period, 107 received pTNT. Forty of these were matched with 49 patients from the WAIT Trial (25 received xCRT and 24 received sCRT). There was a significant difference in oCR between the groups (pTNT n = 21, xCRT n = 6, sCRT n = 7, P = 0.043). Of the patients that underwent surgery, pCR occurred in 13 patients with no significant difference between groups (P = 0.415). There were no significant differences in 2‐year disease‐free survival or overall survival.ConclusionCompared with sCRT and xCRT, pTNT results in a significantly higher complete response rate which may facilitate organ preservation.
Application of machine learning to discover interactions predictive of dietary lapses
Authors: Sala Margaret , Taylor Alexei , Crochiere Rebecca J. , Zhang Fengqing , Forman Evan M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study it to build a machine learning model to predict dietary lapses with comparable accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity to previous literature while recovering predictor interactions. The sample for the current study consisted of merged data from two separate studies of individuals with obesity/overweight (total N = 87). Participants completed six ecological momentary assessment surveys per day where they were asked about 16 risk factors of lapse and if they had lapsed from their dietary prescriptions since the previous survey. Alcohol consumption and self‐efficacy were the most prevalent in the top 10 stable interactions. Alcohol consumption decreased the protective effect of self‐efficacy, motivation, and planning. Higher planning predicted higher risk for lapse only when consuming alcohol. Low motivation, hunger, cravings, and lack of healthy food availability increased the protective effect of self‐efficacy. Higher self‐efficacy increased risk effect of positive mood and having recently eaten a meal on lapse. For individuals with lower levels of self‐efficacy, planning increased the risk of lapse. Alcohol intake and self‐efficacy interact with several variables to predict dietary lapses, and these interactions should be targeted in just‐in‐time adaptive interventions that deliver interventions for lapses.
Outcomes after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in young adults in Germany
Authors: Frietsch Jochen J. , Flossdorf Sarah , Beck James F. , Kröger Nicolaus , Fleischhauer Katharina , Dreger Peter , Schetelig Johannes , Bornhäuser Martin , Hochhaus Andreas , Hilgendorf Inken 
Published: December 2022

SummaryYoung adults (YA) represent a minority among recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In order to describe the outcome of YA following HSCT in Germany, 9299 patients who were registered with the German Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation were included in this retrospective analysis of the years 1998–2019. The impact of the variables, such as patient age and sex, sex differences, stem cell source, donor type, conditioning, year of HSCT, the diagnosis, and the achieved remission status were tested in univariable and multivariable analysis for overall, event‐free and relapse‐free survival as well as for the cumulative incidences of non‐relapse and therapy‐related mortality. Altogether, the outcome of YA after HSCT improved over time and was determined by the underlying disease, the age at disease onset, stem cell source, and donor type. Patients were most likely to die from relapse, and survival of HSCT recipients after 10 years was reduced by more than half in comparison to the general population of YA. Deeper understanding of modifiable risk factors may be gained by studies comparing the outcome of YA post‐HSCT with that of children, adolescents and elderly patients. A deliberate and strong patient selection may further improve mortality rates.
The increasingly blurred line between induction, consolidation and maintenance in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Frisch Avi , Rowe Jacob M. , Ofran Yishai 
Published: December 2022

SummarySince the early 1970s, the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) has undergone a major transformation. Initially based on only two drugs, an anthracycline and cytosine arabinoside, the aim of therapy was to achieve a haematological response allowing patients to recover and go home. Back in those early days, cure was not a realistic expectation. Treatment was analogous to a heart attack; upon recovery and a short respite, recurrence and death inevitably followed. Over the subsequent decades, slow but remarkable progress was made such that a subgroup of young adults could become long‐term survivors. This astonishing feat was achieved initially without the use of new drugs. Supportive care played a major role with the widespread availability of platelet transfusions and improved antimicrobial therapy, particularly antifungal. No less important was the better use of existing drugs and the development of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. While initially the focus was on maximal tolerated therapy, an understanding of the immunologic role of allogeneic transplantation, better genetic characterization of the biology of the disease, advanced tools for detection of minimal disease as well as the recent development of new drugs changed the focus to a more refined approach targeting patients who are more likely to respond. Clearly, the historical paradigm where the term AML was generic and applicable to all patients requires a rethinking from the traditional therapeutic demarcations of therapy into phases of induction, consolidation and maintenance. These evolving new concepts and paradigm will be herein considered.
Prognostic factors in patients in the terminal phase of haematological malignancies who are receiving home medical care
Authors: Miyashita Naohiro , Ohashi Kota , Fujita Mariko , Hosoda Toru , Kawasaki Yasufumi , Takimoto Madoka , Onozawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2022

SummaryAlthough there are many prognostic models for patients in the terminal phase of solid tumours, a reliable prognostic scoring system in patients in the terminal phase of haematological malignancies (HM) has not been established. We retrospectively evaluated 180 patients in the terminal phase of HM who were receiving home medical care (HMC). Multivariate analyses revealed that clinician's estimate, consciousness, loss of appetite, dyspnoea, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and lactate dehydrogenase were associated with overall survival (OS). Based on this result, we developed a novel prognostic scoring system, the Japan palliative haematological oncology prognostic estimates, in which four risk groups were shown to clearly differ in survival (p < 0.001): a low‐risk group (n = 41, median OS of 434 days), an intermediate‐low‐risk group (n = 80, median OS of 112 days), an intermediate‐high‐risk group (n = 38, median OS of 31.5 days), and a high‐risk group (n = 21, median OS of 10 days). This is the first investigation of prognostic factors that influence the OS of patients in the terminal phase of HM who are receiving HMC. Providing patients with reliable information about their prognosis is important for them to consider how to spend their remaining life.
Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic constraints on the provenance of the modern Zambezi River sand sediments, southern Africa
Authors: Yang Jing , Nie Junsheng , Zhang Haobo , Rasmeni Sonwabile Kidwell , Ncube Lindani , van Niekerk Helena Johanna , Zhao Baojin , Hu Xiaofei 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUnderstanding the source‐to‐sink relationship of a large river‐marginal sea system is key to using marginal sea sediments to infer terrestrial erosion/weathering variations. The Zambezi River, the largest river in the southern African region, has been transporting large amounts of sediments to the southwestern Indian Ocean since the Cretaceous, which have been often used to infer river integration history and uplift of the southern African region. Thus, characterizing the geochemical features of different parts of the river is the key to correctly interpreting terrestrial sediment signals in the southwestern Indian Ocean drill cores. Here we present the first provenance study based on Sr‐Nd‐Hf isotopic results of river sands from mainstream and tributaries of the Zambezi River. We find that the isotopic signatures of the river sediments are largely consistent with its underlying basements of the different reaches, which suggests the local geology control of the river sedimentary provenance. This result is in line with the studies of the provenance of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, which suggest that sediments transported by the upper reaches of large rivers draining interior continents are primarily stored in sedimentary basins on land instead of marginal seas. This study suggests caution must be taken in using sediments of marginal seas to infer erosion history of the hinterland mountain uplift and exhumation.
The ecological drivers and consequences of wildlife trade
Authors: Hughes Liam J. , Morton Oscar , Scheffers Brett R. , Edwards David P. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTWildlife trade is a key driver of extinction risk, affecting at least 24% of terrestrial vertebrates. The persistent removal of species can have profound impacts on species extinction risk and selection within populations. We draw together the first review of characteristics known to drive species use – identifying species with larger body sizes, greater abundance, increased rarity or certain morphological traits valued by consumers as being particularly prevalent in trade. We then review the ecological implications of this trade‐driven selection, revealing direct effects of trade on natural selection and populations for traded species, which includes selection against desirable traits. Additionally, there exists a positive feedback loop between rarity and trade and depleted populations tend to have easy human access points, which can result in species being harvested to extinction and has the potential to alter source–sink dynamics. Wider cascading ecosystem repercussions from trade‐induced declines include altered seed dispersal networks, trophic cascades, long‐term compositional changes in plant communities, altered forest carbon stocks, and the introduction of harmful invasive species. Because it occurs across multiple scales with diverse drivers, wildlife trade requires multi‐faceted conservation actions to maintain biodiversity and ecological function, including regulatory and enforcement approaches, bottom‐up and community‐based interventions, captive breeding or wildlife farming, and conservation translocations and trophic rewilding. We highlight three emergent research themes at the intersection of trade and community ecology: (1) functional impacts of trade; (2) altered provisioning of ecosystem services; and (3) prevalence of trade‐dispersed diseases. Outside of the primary objective that exploitation is sustainable for traded species, we must urgently incorporate consideration of the broader consequences for other species and ecosystem processes when quantifying sustainability.