bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race, Ethnic, Sex, and Socioeconomic Inequities in Interhospital Transfer for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the United States
Authors: Oh Daniel M. , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Patients with stroke in the United States can be transferred for higher level of care. Little is known about possible inequities in interhospital transfers (IHTs) for acute ischemic stroke. We hypothesized that historically marginalized populations would have lower odds of IHT.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was done for adults with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke in 2010 to 2017; n=747 982 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample. Yearly rates for IHT were assessed and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of IHT in 2014 to 2017 were compared with that of 2010 to 2013. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the aOR of IHT, adjusting for sociodemographic variables (model 1), sociodemographic and medical variables such as comorbidity and mortality risk (model 2), and sociodemographic, medical, and hospital variables (model 3).

Results:
After adjusting for sociodemographic, medical, and hospital characteristics, there were no significant temporal differences in IHT from 2010 to 2017. Overall, women were less likely than men to be transferred in all models (model 3: aOR, 0.89 [0.86–0.92]). Compared with those who were White, individuals who were Black (aOR, 0.93 [0.88–0.99]), Hispanic (aOR, 0.90 [0.83–0.97]), other (aOR, 0.90 [0.82–0.99]), or of unknown race, ethnicity (aOR, 0.89 [0.80–1.00]) were less likely to be transferred (model 2), but these differences dissipated when further adjusting for hospital-level characteristics (model 3). Compared with those with private insurance, those with Medicaid (aOR, 0.86 [0.80–0.91]), self-pay (aOR, 0.64 [0.59–0.70]), and no charge (aOR, 0.64 [0.46–0.88]) were less likely to be transferred (model 3). Individuals with lower income were less likely to be transferred compared with those with higher income (model 3: aOR, 0.85 [0.80–0.90], third versus fourth quartile).

Conclusions:
Adjusted odds of IHT for acute ischemic stroke remained stable from 2010 to 2017. There are numerous inequities in the rates of IHT by race, ethnicity, sex, insurance, and income. Further studies are needed to understand these inequities and develop policies and interventions to mitigate them.
On the Stability and Behavioral Diversity of Single and Collective Bernoulli Balls
Authors: Howison Toby , Crisp Harriet , Hauser Simon , Iida Fumiya 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The ability to express diverse behaviors is a key requirement for most biological systems. Underpinning behavioral diversity in the natural world is the embodied interaction between the brain, body, and environment. Dynamical systems form the basis of embodied agents, and can express complex behavioral modalities without any conventional computation. While significant study has focused on designing dynamical systems agents with complex behaviors, for example, passive walking, there is still a limited understanding about how to drive diversity in the behavior of such systems. In this article, we present a novel hardware platform for studying the emergence of individual and collective behavioral diversity in a dynamical system. The platform is based on the so-called Bernoulli ball, an elegant fluid dynamics phenomenon in which spherical objects self-stabilize and hover in an airflow. We demonstrate how behavioral diversity can be induced in the case of a single hovering ball via modulation of the environment. We then show how more diverse behaviors are triggered by having multiple hovering balls in the same airflow. We discuss this in the context of embodied intelligence and open-ended evolution, suggesting that the system exhibits a rudimentary form of evolutionary dynamics in which balls compete for favorable regions of the environment and exhibit intrinsic “alive” and “dead” states based on their positions in or outside of the airflow.
Efficient Quality Diversity Optimization of 3D Buildings through 2D Pre-Optimization
Authors: Hagg Alexander , Kliemank Martin L. , Asteroth Alexander , Wilde Dominik , Bedrunka Mario C. , Foysi Holger , Reith Dirk 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Quality diversity algorithms can be used to efficiently create a diverse set of solutions to inform engineers' intuition. But quality diversity is not efficient in very expensive problems, needing hundreds of thousands of evaluations. Even with the assistance of surrogate models, quality diversity needs hundreds or even thousands of evaluations, which can make its use infeasible. In this study, we try to tackle this problem by using a pre-optimization strategy on a lower-dimensional optimization problem and then map the solutions to a higher-dimensional case. For a use case to design buildings that minimize wind nuisance, we show that we can predict flow features around 3D buildings from 2D flow features around building footprints. For a diverse set of building designs, by sampling the space of 2D footprints with a quality diversity algorithm, a predictive model can be trained that is more accurate than when trained on a set of footprints that were selected with a space-filling algorithm like the Sobol sequence. Simulating only 16 buildings in 3D, a set of 1,024 building designs with low predicted wind nuisance is created. We show that we can produce better machine learning models by producing training data with quality diversity instead of using common sampling techniques. The method can bootstrap generative design in a computationally expensive 3D domain and allow engineers to sweep the design space, understanding wind nuisance in early design phases.
Darwinian Bases of Religious Meaning: Interactionism, General Interpretive Theories, and 6E Cognitive Science
Authors: McCauley Robert N. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Interactionism holds that explanatory and interpretive projects are mutually enriching. If so, then the evolutionary and cognitive science of religions’ explanatory theories should aid interpretive projects concerning religious meaning. Although interpretive accounts typically focus on the local and the particular, interpreters over the past century have construed Freud and Marx as offering general interpretive theories. So, precedent for general interpretive theorizing exists. 4E cognitive science, which champions how cognition is embedded in natural and cultural settings, extended into external structures, enacted via motor routines, and embodied via representations rooted in human bodily form, has encouraged interpretive researchers. Theories of embodied cognition especially have embraced a sweeping view of meaning that attends to the emotions’ role and to their evolutionary origins. That inspires a 6E cognitive science that attends to the emotional and evolved dimensions of cognition too and opens up the possibility of general interpretive theories of broadly Darwinian character. Evolved cognitive systems qualify as maturationally natural cognition, which exhibits a distinctive constellation of features. The by-product theory holds that religious representations’ engagement of maturationally natural cognition fosters religions’ success. Representations with some minimal violation of intuitive expectations concerning some ontological category grab attention, stick in memory, and preserve the many automatic inferences accompanying the category. The empirical evidence for this and other elaborations of the by-product view suggests that it discloses dynamics of evolved cognition and associated emotions that tend to guide the pursuit of religious meanings systematically toward well-worn grooves in the semantic landscape.
The Moral Foundations of Left-Wing Authoritarianism: On the Character, Cohesion, and Clout of Tribal Equalitarian Discourse
Authors: Lane Justin E. , McCaffre Kevin , Shults F. LeRon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Left-wing authoritarianism remains far less understood than right-wing authoritarianism. We contribute to literature on the former, which typically relies on surveys, using a new social media analytic approach. We use a list of 60 terms to provide an exploratory sketch of the outlines of a political ideology – tribal equalitarianism – with origins in 19th and 20th century social philosophy. We then use analyses of the English Corpus of Google Books (n > 8 million books) and scraped unique tweets from Twitter (n = 202,582) to conduct a series of investigations to discern the extent to which this ideology is cohesive amongst the public, reveals signatures of authoritarianism and has been growing in popularity. Though exploratory, our results provide some evidence of left-wing authoritarianism in two forms: (1) a uniquely conservative signature amongst ostensible liberals using measures derived from Moral Foundations Theory and (2) a substantial prevalence of anger, relative to anxiety or sadness, in tweets analyzed for sentiment. In general, results indicate that this worldview is growing in popularity, is increasingly cohesive, and shows signatures of authoritarianism.
Affective and Motivational Accounts of Moralizing COVID-19-Preventive Behaviors
Authors: Takamatsu Reina , Min May Cho , Takai Jiro 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of perceived vulnerability to disease, emotions (disgust, anger), and perceived norms in predicting moral judgments of anti-COVID-19-preventive behaviors in US and Japan. A total of 442 Japanese and 365 American participants completed an online survey. Disgust and anger mediated the link between perceived vulnerability to disease (germ aversion) and moral judgments of preventive behaviors across both cultures. Perceived social norms among friends and family were associated with harsh judgments of anti-preventive behaviors for Japanese but not for American participants. Overall, our results suggest that effective strategies for promoting preventive behaviors may be culturally valid if they focus on the fear for infectious disease and related aversive affect. We also discussed the possibility that some strategies could be characteristic of collectivistic cultures, warranting further cross-cultural comparisons.
Distance from a Cultural Prototype and Psychological Distress in Urban Brazil: A Model
Authors: Dressler William W. , Balieiro Mauro C. , dos Santos José Ernesto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The metaphor of culture as a space or environment of meaning is widely employed. Going beyond metaphor, we present a model of culture as a 3-dimensional Euclidean space, using data from Brazil on cultural models of life goals. The dimensions of this space are defined by degree of sharing of culture (cultural competence); alternate configurations of that shared meaning (residual agreement); and social practice (cultural consonance). A cultural distance metric calculated within those dimensions identifies an individuals’ proximity to prototypical goals; greater distance from these goals is associated with higher psychological distress. Cultural distance is in turn influenced by one’s sense of personal agency. Finally, in a set of open-ended interviews, the more individuals employ spatial metaphors in talking about culturally defined life goals, the higher their sense of personal agency and cultural consonance. This model moves the discussion of culture as a space of meaning from metaphor to measurement.
One Year of Civil Family Law in the United Arab Emirates: A Preliminary Assessment
Authors: Möller Lena-Maria 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article provides a preliminary commentary on the new civil family law regime introduced in the emirate of Abu Dhabi in November 2021 which, since February 2023, applies nationwide through the adoption of a federal statute on civil personal status. Abu Dhabi’s Law No. 14 of 2021, its accompanying Procedural Regulations, and the more recent Federal Law No. 41 of 2022 have introduced legal concepts, such as civil marriage, no-fault divorce, and joint custody, as well as potentially adoption, which have previously been non-existent for both the local and the large foreign population in the United Arab Emirates. The new statutes thereby stand in sharp contrast to the family law system to which the local Muslim population is still subject. This article assesses the new provisions against the background of the federal Muslim family law regime, established patterns of family law jurisprudence in the country, and early case law in the newly established Civil Family Court in Abu Dhabi.
ENSO-Induced Teleconnection: Process-Oriented Diagnostics to Assess Rossby Wave Sources and Ambient Flow Properties in Climate Models
Authors: Annamalai H. , B. Neale Richard , Hafner Jan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Climate model fidelity in representing ENSO-induced teleconnection is assessed with process-oriented diagnostics that examine a chain of processes, from equatorial Pacific precipitation to the midlatitude circulation pattern over the Pacific–North American regions. Such processes are rarely addressed during model development. Using an upper-tropospheric divergent level, local vorticity gradient of the ambient zonal flow (
) and a restoring force for Rossby waves (
) are estimated, the equivalent barotropic vorticity equation is solved, and an anomalous Rossby wave source (RWS′) quantified. The analysis is applied to AMIP5 and AMIP6 simulations. For a realistic circulation response representation, the hypothesis that models accurately represent the strength and location of RWS′, and spatial variations in
is tested. Compared to AMIP5, in AMIP6 there are clear improvements in representing RWS′ and
. To validate the hypothesis, the analysis identifies two metrics: spatially coherent RWS′ in the subtropical North Pacific, and longitudes of negative
over the western-central North Pacific. By projecting these metrics in two and three-dimensional views, improvements or degradations in model versions are apparent. If a model’s fidelity in representing
and RWS′ are compromised, then radiated Rossby waves are reflected more equatorward, resulting in zonally elongated circulation anomalies over the central North Pacific. Thus, during climate model development, applying this analysis frequently will keep a regular check on the fidelity of the modeled response to anomalous El Niño convection in conjunction with changing model ambient flow dependencies. This analysis is intended to form a process-oriented diagnostics package, a community contribution to the NOAA Model Diagnostics Task Force.

Significance Statement
The seasonal changes in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures associated with El Niño events can have a significant impact in the atmospheric circulation through the North Pacific and on the annual climate variations over North America. Our skill in predicting these impacts depends critically on the ability of climate models to represent these global-scale connections accurately. We show a number of metrics that describe critical processes along this North Pacific pathway that can be used to examine the progress in climate model skill. In the future, these models could benefit significantly from using these metrics with the end goal of much improved predictions of El Niño–related variability.
When Young Children Grieve: Perspectives from Day Care Staff on Supporting Parents and Children through Illness and Loss
Authors: Lytje Martin , Dyregrov Atle 
Published: April 2023

This study explores how Danish day care institutions provide support to bereaved families based on accounts from staff members. Through eight focus groups, 23 employees from 8 day care institutions were interviewed. Subsequently, using thematic analysis, five themes were generated. These were: (1) coping with critical illness at the institution, (2) supporting parents at the time of death, (3) how day care institutions structured their response to illness and bereavement, (4) the staff’s support needs and (5) advice for other staff and parents in a similar situation. The study finds that when a life-threatening illness and/or death enters the life of a child who attends day care, staff have a strong belief that their role is to support both child and parent(s). However, staff often perceive this as a difficult task and express the need for more guidance on how to provide support.
Longitudinal Relationship Between Mindful Awareness, Acceptance and Mental Health Problems: A Mediation Model
Authors: Fan Siyi , Yu Si , Xu Wei 
Published: April 2023

Mental health problems among college students are increasingly prominent. The negative effects of emotional distress on college students’ mental health have been supported empirically. It is important to understand the psychological processes underlying this relationship. Using a longitudinal design, the present study aimed to reveal the explanatory mechanism of the association between dimensions of dispositional mindfulness and mental health problems among Chinese college students by testing the mediating effects of experiential avoidance and intolerance of uncertainty. A total of 907 Chinese college students (57% male; Mage = 20.33 years) were invited to complete self-report questionnaires at two time points. Mindful awareness, acceptance and mental health problems (depression, anxiety and stress) were assessed at baseline (T0). Experiential avoidance, intolerance of uncertainty and mental health problems were assessed at the 6 month follow-up (T1). Following structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses, the results show that high levels of mindful awareness and acceptance may diminish mental health problems by decreasing the levels of experiential avoidance among college students. However, only mindful acceptance diminished mental health problems through decreased intolerance of uncertainty. In addition, our study found that mindful awareness and acceptance may have different functions when working alone. Specifically, these two constructs may have different relationships with mental health. Identifying these mechanisms by which dispositional mindfulness is associated with college students’ mental health over time has potential value for the prevention of potential mental health issues and timely interventions.
Parent-emerging adult text interactions and emerging adult perceived parental support of autonomy
Authors: Brown Morgan T. , Jensen Michaeline , Hussong Andrea M. 
Published: April 2023

Parents play an important role in scaffolding autonomy and independence as their children transition to adulthood. In the digital age, mobile phones allow for increased connection at this important developmental transition, but we know little about the extent to which digital connection may help (i.e., through developmentally appropriate support) or hinder (i.e., through intrusiveness or helicopter parenting) emerging adult (EA) autonomy development. We tested whether digital parent-EA interactions tapping engagement, monitoring, and responsiveness were associated with EA perceptions of parental autonomy support in a sample of 238 college students ( M age = 19.85) who contributed all text messages exchanged with their parents over 2 weeks. Results indicate that many dimensions of parent-EA text message interactions are unrelated to perceived parental autonomy support, but those that did emerge point towards a potentially maladaptive role of overparenting in associations with less perceived parental autonomy support. Results underscore that, for most EAs, parental text messaging is not likely to be perceived as autonomy inhibiting, but that for a small minority of parent-EA dyads, intense levels of digital connection with parents may be associated with perceived autonomy inhibition.
Effectiveness of butylphthalide on cerebral autoregulation in ischemic stroke patients with large artery atherosclerosis (EBCAS study): A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial
Authors: Guo Zhen-Ni , Yue Bing-Hong , Fan Lei , Liu Jie , Zhu Yuanyuan , Zhao Yuanqi , Zhong Jingxin , Lou Zhan , Liu Xing-Liang , Abuduxukuer Reziya , Zhang Peng , Qu Yang , Shen Ziduo , Shi Baoyang , Zhang Ke-Jia , Liu Jia , Chang Junlei , Jin Hang , Sun Xin , Yang Yi 
Published: April 2023

Finding appropriate drugs to improve cerebral autoregulation (CA) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is necessary to improve prognosis. We aimed to investigate the effect of butylphthalide on CA in patients with AIS. In this randomized controlled trial, 99 patients were 2:1 randomized to butylphthalide or placebo group. The butylphthalide group received intravenous infusion with a preconfigured butylphthalide-sodium chloride solution for 14 days and an oral butylphthalide capsule for additional 76 days. The placebo group synchronously received an intravenous infusion of 100 mL 0.9% saline and an oral butylphthalide simulation capsule. The transfer function parameter, phase difference (PD), and gain were used to quantify CA. The primary outcomes were CA levels on the affected side on day 14 and day 90. Eighty patients completed the follow-up (52 in the butylphthalide group and 28 in the placebo group). The PD of the affected side on 14 days or discharge and on 90 days was higher in the butylphthalide group than in the placebo group. The differences in safety outcomes were not significant. Therefore, butylphthalide treatment for 90 days can significantly improve CA in patients with AIS. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT03413202
The effect of melatonin on benzo(a)pyrene-induced renal toxicity in mice
Authors: Barangi Samira , Asadi Rouzchehr , Mehri Soghra , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: April 2023

Benzo(a)pyrene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant, which could induce renal injury. It is reported that melatonin has a protective effect against multiple organ injuries by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The aim of this study was to estimate the melatonin effects on benzo(a)pyrene renal toxicity in mice and the possible molecular mechanisms involved in this model. Thirty male mice were allocated to five groups and treated with benzo(a)pyrene (75 mg/kg, oral gavage) and/or melatonin (10 and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). The oxidative stress factors were evaluated in renal tissue. The levels of apoptotic (the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3) and autophagic (the LC3 II/I, Beclin-1, and Sirt1) proteins were examined using Western blot. Following the administration of benzo(a)pyrene, malondialdehyde, caspase-3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased in renal tissue, while Sirt1, Beclin-1, and the LC3 II/I ratio diminished. Interestingly, the co-administration of 20 mg/kg melatonin along with benzo(a)pyrene reduced the oxidative stress markers, apoptotic and autophagic proteins. Collectively, melatonin exhibited a protective effect against benzo(a)pyrene-induced renal injury through the suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis and the inhibition of Sirt1/autophagy pathway.