bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parametric delineation uncertainties contouring (PDUC) modeling on CT scans of prostate cancer patients
Authors: Ly Vi , Liu Lizhong , Cardenas Carlos , Maroongroge Sean , De Brian , Basha Daniel El , Court Laurence , Luo Xi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeVariability in contouring contributes to large variations in radiation therapy planning and treatment outcomes. The development and testing of tools to automatically detect contouring errors require a source of contours that includes well‐understood and realistic errors. The purpose of this work was to develop a simulation algorithm that intentionally injects errors of varying magnitudes into clinically accepted contours and produces realistic contours with different levels of variability.MethodsWe used a dataset of CT scans from 14 prostate cancer patients with clinician‐drawn contours of the regions of interest (ROI) of the prostate, bladder, and rectum. Using our newly developed Parametric Delineation Uncertainties Contouring (PDUC) model, we automatically generated alternative, realistic contours. The PDUC model consists of the contrast‐based DU generator and a 3D smoothing layer. The DU generator transforms contours (deformation, contraction, and/or expansion) as a function of image contrast. The generated contours undergo 3D smoothing to obtain a realistic look. After model building, the first batch of auto‐generated contours was reviewed. Editing feedback from the reviews was then used in a filtering model for the auto‐selection of clinically acceptable (minor‐editing) DU contours.ResultsOverall, C values of 5 and 50 consistently produced high proportions of minor‐editing contours across all ROI compared to the other C values (0.936 0.111 and 0.552 0.228, respectively). The model performed best on the bladder, which had the highest proportion of minor‐editing contours (0.606) of the three ROI. In addition, the classification AUC for the filtering model across all three ROI is 0.724 0.109.DiscussionThe proposed methodology and subsequent results are promising and could have a great impact on treatment planning by generating mathematically simulated alternative structures that are clinically relevant and realistic enough (i.e., similar to clinician‐drawn contours) to be used in quality control of radiation therapy.
Regulating the Metallic Cu–Ga Bond by S Vacancy for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4
Authors: Wang Junyan , Yang Chen , Mao Liang , Cai Xiaoyan , Geng Zikang , Zhang Haoyu , Zhang Junying , Tan Xin , Ye Jinhua , Yu Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis, which converts carbon dioxide into hydrocarbon fuels, is a promising strategy to overcome both global warming and energy crisis. Herein, the geometric position of Cu and Ga on ultra‐thin CuGaS2/Ga2S3 is oriented via a sulfur defect engineering, and the unprecedented C2H4 yield selectivity is ≈93.87% and yield is ≈335.67 µmol g−1 h−1. A highly delocalized electron distribution intensity induced by S vacancy indicates that Cu and Ga adjacent to S vacancy form Cu–Ga metallic bond, which accelerates the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to C2H4. The stability of the crucial intermediates (*CHOHCO) is attributed to the upshift of the d‐band center of ultra‐thin CGS/GS. The C–C coupling barrier is intrinsically reduced by the dominant exposed Cu atoms on the 2D ultra‐thin CuGaS2/Ga2S3 in the process of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, which captures *CO molecules effectively. This study proposes a new strategy to design photocatalyst through defect engineering to adjust the selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Controllable Switching between Highly Rectifying Schottky and p–n Junctions in an Ionic MoS2 Device
Authors: Chang Ruiheng , Chen Qiao , Shen Wang , Zhang Youwei , Zhang Butian , Wang Shun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSemiconductor junctions are of great significance for the development of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, controllable switching is demonstrated from a Schottky junction to a p–n junction in a partially ionic liquid‐gated MoS2 device with two types of metal contacts. Excellent rectification behavior with a current on‐off ratio exceeding 106 is achieved in both Schottky and p–n junction modes. The formation of Schottky junction at the Pd electrode/MoS2 contact and p–n junction at the p‐MoS2/n‐MoS2 interface is revealed by spatially resolved photocurrent mappings. The switching between the two junctions under ionic gate modulation is correlated with the evolution of the energy band, further validated by the finite element simulation. The device exhibits excellent photodetection properties in the p–n junction mode, including an open circuit voltage up to 0.84 V, a responsivity of 0.24 A W−1, a specific detectivity of 1.7 × 1011 Jones, a response time of hundreds of microseconds and a linear dynamic range of up to 91 dB. The electric field control of such high‐performance Schottky and p–n junctions opens up fresh perspectives for studying the behavior of junction and the development of 2D electronic devices.
Coal‐Based Carbon Nanomaterials: En Route to Clean Coal Conversion toward Net Zero CO2
Authors: Du Mingjin , Advincula Paul A. , Ding Xiangdong , Tour James M. , Xiang Changsheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs the world is committed to reach carbon peak by 2030 and net zero by 2050, the use of coal as an energy source is facing unprecedented challenges. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), global annual coal demand is estimated to drop from more than 5640 million tonnes of coal equivalent (Mtce) in 2021 to 540 Mtce in 2050 under the net zero emission scenario, mostly being replaced by renewable energy such as solar and wind. Therefore, the coal industry is vigorously seeking alternative applications to keep it thriving, and nanotechnology can be one of the contributors. Herein, the challenges to coal‐based carbon nanomaterials syntheses are outlined, along with a path toward commercialization. Coal‐based carbon nanomaterials can be promising contributors to the concept of clean coal conversion, initiating its migration from an energy source to a high‐value‐added carbon source.
A Wearable Healthcare Platform Integrated with Biomimetical Ions Conducted Metal–Organic Framework Composites for Gas and Strain Sensing in Non‐Overlapping Mode
Authors: Zhou Qingqing , Geng Zixun , Yang Long , Shen Bo , Kan Zitong , Qi Yu , Hu Songtao , Dong Biao , Bai Xue , Xu Lin , Song Hongwei , Ren Luquan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntelligent wearable devices are essential for telemedicine healthcare as they enable real‐time monitoring of physiological information. Elaborately constructing synapse‐inspired materials provides a crucial guidance for designing high‐performance sensors toward multiplex stimuli response. However, a realistic mimesis both in the “structure and sense” of biological synapses to obtain advanced multi‐functions is still challenging but essential for simplifying subsequent circuit and logic programs. Herein, an ionic artificial synapse integrated with Ti3CNTx nanosheets in situ grown with zeolitic imidazolate framework flowers (ZIF‐L@Ti3CNTx composite) is constructed to concurrently mimic the structure and working mechanism of the synapse. The flexible sensor of the bio‐inspired ZIF‐L@Ti3CNTx composite exhibits excellent dual‐mode dimethylamine (DMA) and strain‐sensitive response with non‐overlapping resistance variations. The specific ions conduction working principle triggered by DMA gas or strain with the assistance of humidity is confirmed by the density functional theory simulation. Last, an intelligent wearable system is self‐developed by integrating the dual‐mode sensor into flexible printed circuits. This device is successfully applied in pluralistic monitoring of abnormal physiological signals of Parkinson's sufferers, including real‐time and accurate assessment of simulated DMA expiration and kinematic tremor signals. This work provides a feasible routine to develop intelligent multifunctional devices for upsurging telemedicine diagnosis.
3D‐Printed Functional Hydrogel by DNA‐Induced Biomineralization for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Nahyun , Lee Hyun , Han Ginam , Kang Minho , Park Sinwoo , Kim Dong Eung , Lee Minyoung , Kim Moon‐Jo , Na Yuhyun , Oh SeKwon , Bang Seo‐Jun , Jang Tae‐Sik , Kim Hyoun‐Ee , Park Jungwon , Shin Su Ryon , Jung Hyun‐Do 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChronic wounds in diabetic patients are challenging because their prolonged inflammation makes healing difficult, thus burdening patients, society, and health care systems. Customized dressing materials are needed to effectively treat such wounds that vary in shape and depth. The continuous development of 3D‐printing technology along with artificial intelligence has increased the precision, versatility, and compatibility of various materials, thus providing the considerable potential to meet the abovementioned needs. Herein, functional 3D‐printing inks comprising DNA from salmon sperm and DNA‐induced biosilica inspired by marine sponges, are developed for the machine learning‐based 3D‐printing of wound dressings. The DNA and biomineralized silica are incorporated into hydrogel inks in a fast, facile manner. The 3D‐printed wound dressing thus generates provided appropriate porosity, characterized by effective exudate and blood absorption at wound sites, and mechanical tunability indicated by good shape fidelity and printability during optimized 3D printing. Moreover, the DNA and biomineralized silica act as nanotherapeutics, enhancing the biological activity of the dressings in terms of reactive oxygen species scavenging, angiogenesis, and anti‐inflammation activity, thereby accelerating acute and diabetic wound healing. These bioinspired 3D‐printed hydrogels produce using a DNA‐induced biomineralization strategy are an excellent functional platform for clinical applications in acute and chronic wound repair.
Construction of Co3O4/ZnO Heterojunctions in Hollow N‐Doped Carbon Nanocages as Microreactors for Lithium–Sulfur Full Batteries
Authors: Wang Biao , Ren Yilun , Zhu Yuelei , Chen Shaowei , Chang Shaozhong , Zhou Xiaoya , Wang Peng , Sun Hao , Meng Xiangkang , Tang Shaochun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising alternatives of conventional Li‐ion batteries attributed to their remarkable energy densities and high sustainability. However, the practical applications of Li–S batteries are hindered by the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) on cathode and the Li dendrite formation on anode, which together leads to inferior rate capability and cycling stability. Here, an advanced N‐doped carbon microreactors embedded with abundant Co3O4/ZnO heterojunctions (CZO/HNC) are designed as dual‐functional hosts for synergistic optimization of both S cathode and Li metal anode. Electrochemical characterization and theoretical calculations confirm that CZO/HNC exhibits an optimized band structure that effectively facilitates ion diffusion and promotes bidirectional LiPSs conversion. In addition, the lithiophilic nitrogen dopants and Co3O4/ZnO sites together regulate dendrite‐free Li deposition. The S@CZO/HNC cathode exhibits excellent cycling stability at 2 C with only 0.039% capacity fading per cycle over 1400 cycles, and the symmetrical Li@CZO/HNC cell enables stable Li plating/striping behavior for 400 h. Remarkably, Li‐S full cell using CZO/HNC as both cathode and anode hosts shows an impressive cycle life of over 1000 cycles. This work provides an exemplification of designing high‐performance heterojunctions for simultaneous protection of two electrodes, and will inspire the applications of practical Li–S batteries.
Designing Ionic Conductive Elastomers Using Hydrophobic Networks and Hydrophilic Salt Hydrates with Improved Stability in Air
Authors: Yiming Burebi , Zhang Zhaoxin , Ali Nasir , Lu Yuchen , Qu Shaoxing , Zhu Shuze , Creton Costantino , Jia Zheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExisting soft ionic conductors fall into two distinct categories: liquid‐rich ionic conductors containing large amounts of liquid electrolytes (≈70–90 wt.% water for hydrogels and ≈20–80 wt.% ionic liquids for ionogels), and liquid‐free ionic conductors that do not contain liquid components (e.g., ionic conductive elastomers). However, they are often plagued by dehydration, leakage of toxic ionic liquids, and air aging. Here, using hydrophobic polymer networks and hydrophilic salt hydrates, ionic conductive elastomers (s‐ICEs for short) containing only a tiny amount of bound water (≈1–5 wt.% are synthesized). Thanks to the small embedded water content, the s‐ICEs are advantageous over liquid‐rich ionic conductors in terms of enhanced mechanical/electrical stabilities and safety; they also outperform previously reported liquid‐free ionic conductors by avoiding air‐aging issues. The s‐ICEs introduced here also show excellent stretchability, good elasticity, high fracture resistance, desirable optical transparency and ionic conductivity, which are comparable to those of state‐of‐the‐art liquid‐rich and liquid‐free ionic conductors. With all the above advantages, the s‐ICE represents an ideal material for practical applications of soft ionotronics in ambient conditions.
Carboxysome‐Inspired Electrocatalysis using Enzymes for the Reduction of CO2 at Low Concentrations**
Authors: Cobb Samuel J. , Dharani Azim M. , Oliveira Ana Rita , Pereira Inês A. C. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe electrolysis of dilute CO2 streams suffers from low concentrations of dissolved substrate and its rapid depletion at the electrolyte‐electrocatalyst interface. These limitations require first energy‐intensive CO2 capture and concentration, before electrolyzers can achieve acceptable performances. For direct electrocatalytic CO2 reduction from low‐concentration sources, we introduce a strategy that mimics the carboxysome in cyanobacteria by utilizing microcompartments with nanoconfined enzymes in a porous electrode. A carbonic anhydrase accelerates CO2 hydration kinetics and minimizes substrate depletion by making all dissolved carbon available for utilization, while a highly efficient formate dehydrogenase reduces CO2 cleanly to formate; down to even atmospheric concentrations of CO2. This bio‐inspired concept demonstrates that the carboxysome provides a viable blueprint for the reduction of low‐concentration CO2 streams to chemicals by using all forms of dissolved carbon.
Areca nut and smokeless tobacco exposure induces micronucleus, other nuclear abnormalities and cytotoxicity in early chick embryo
Authors: Mandal Abhijit , Talukdar Doli , Das Aparajita , Giri Anirudha , Barhoi Dharmeswar , Giri Sarbani 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAreca nut (AN) and smokeless tobacco (SLT) are indiscriminately consumed among the populations of Southeast and South Asian countries, even by women during the gestational period. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potentials of AN and Sadagura (SG), a unique homemade SLT preparation, alone and in combination in early chick embryos. Fertile white leghorn chicken eggs were randomly divided into five treatment groups: vehicle control, positive control (Mitomycin C, 20 μg/egg), AN, SG, and AN+SG. AN, SG, and AN+SG were given at dosages of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/egg. The hen's egg test for micronucleus induction (HET‐MN) was performed in chick embryos to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the test agents. Furthermore, the cytotoxic potential was assessed by studying erythroblast cell populations and the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) ratio. Our results indicated a significant increase (p < .001) in MN frequency and other nuclear abnormalities, suggesting the potential of AN and SG to cause genotoxicity. Also, AN and SG exposure alone and in combination considerably altered the erythroblast cell population (%) and the PCE to NCE ratio in all the treatment periods. Our findings established the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of both AN and SG alone and in combination during early embryonic development in the chick embryo.
Engineering an efficient whole‐cell catalyst for d‐allulose production from glycerol
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zhao Anqi , Qu Lingbo , Xiong Wenlong , Alam Md. Asraful , Miao Jixing , Wang Weigao , Xu Jingliang , Lv Yongkun 
Published: April 2023

Abstractd‐Allulose has many health‐benefiting properties and therefore sustainably applied in food, pharmaceutical, and nutrition industries. The aldol reaction‐based route is a very promising alternative to Izumoring strategy in d‐allulose production. Remarkable studies reported in the past cannot get rid of by‐product formation and costly purified enzyme usage. In the present study, we explored the glycerol assimilation by modularly assembling the d‐allulose synthetic cascade in Escherichia coli envelop. We achieved an efficient whole‐cell catalyst that produces only d‐allulose from cheap glycerol feedstock, eliminating the involvement of purified enzymes. Detailed process optimization improved the d‐allulose titer by 1500.00%. Finally, the production was validated in 3‐L scale using a 5‐L fermenter, and 5.67 g L−1 d‐allulose was produced with a molar yield of 31.43%.
DSM‐5‐TR diagnosis as a guide to suicide risk assessment
Authors: Felthous Alan R. , Kulkarni Neha , Belean Catalina 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA specific mental disorder can itself constitute a risk factor for a completed suicide. Even more important, the disorder is typically a modifiable risk factor which informs its own treatment. Recent editions of the DSM have included “suicide subsections” for specific mental disorders and conditions in which the risks of suicidal thoughts and behaviors for the disorder are noted in the literature. The DSM‐5‐TR can therefore serve as a compendium to be referred to for initial guidance as to whether a specific disorder could contribute to the risk. Adding completed suicides and suicide attempts, also addressed in these subsections, the sections were examined individually for the four parameters of suicidality. Accordingly, the four parameters of suicidality examined here are: suicide, suicidal thoughts, suicidal behavior, and suicide attempts. After providing interpretive comments for each, the parameters for all disorders with a suicide subsection were tabulated for ease of reference. Because specific medical disorders are also associated with elevated rates of suicide, these disorders and the supporting research are tabulated and briefly acknowledged. Allowing for the limitations of the suicide subsections and their analysis, this exegesis is proposed to contribute to training in risk assessment for forensic psychiatry and psychology fellows and to highlight the potential referential value of the DSM‐5‐TR's suicide subsections for clinical practitioners and those who pursue research on suicide.
Light Chain Q166C Mutation Permits One‐step Site Specific Conjugation on Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Li Mingying , Song Chunyu , Li Jiayun , Min Junting , Cao Lei , Wang Lin , Ma Ningning 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEngineered cysteines are frequently used for site‐specific conjugation in antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC) development. When cysteine‐engineered mAbs are produced in the cell culture process, the sulfhydryl groups on the engineered cysteines are mostly in an oxidized form. The oxidized cysteines require multiple steps (such as reduction, reoxidation, and buffer exchanges) to reactivate for bioconjugation, which complicates the ADC production process and reduces yields. In this study, we identified a Q166C mutation in the light chain that allows the presence of free sulfhydryl groups during cell culture and purification process. This mutation is in the constant region and away from sites involved in antigen binding or Fc‐mediated functions. The free sulfhydryl reacts readily with maleimide in a mild solution at a high conjugation rate. This is only the second such site reported (the first one is Q124C in the light chain). Using the Q166C mutation, we conjugated an anti‐angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) peptide on bevacizumab, an anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody, to construct a peptide antibody conjugate, Ava‐Plus, which could block two pro‐angiogenic factors simultaneously. Ava‐Plus showed high affinity for both VEGF and Ang‐2 and demonstrated higher activity than bevacizumab in in vitro cell migration and in vivo mouse xenograft models.
Pan‐cancer analysis of the oncogenic role of HNRNPR in human tumors
Authors: Yang Yi , Sun Jun‐Die , Xiang Zuo‐Lin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) are potential cancer biomarkers. Little is known about the role of HNRNPR, an essential member of the hnRNP family, in human tumours. This study aims to explore the potential value of HNRNPR across cancers, based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The expression level, mutation, DNA methylation, phosphorylation status, survival status, pathological stage, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune cell infiltration, and immune signature related to HNRNPR were analyzed. HNRNPR expression level was increased in several types of cancer and was associated with poor prognosis, especially in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). HNRNPR was also correlated with antitumour immunity, and associated with TMB, MSI, and immune cell activation status across cancers. Furthermore, nomograms were established to predict the prognosis of LIHC, based on HNRNPR and other clinical characteristics. Functional enrichment analysis showed the mechanisms of HNRNPR‐mediated LIHC progression. Loss‐of‐function experiments demonstrated that inhibition of HNRNPR could remarkably suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition abilities. Our study offers a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic roles of HNRNPR across different tumours, and demonstrates that HNRNPR might foster the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of HCC cells.
A N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Supported Zinc Catalyst for the 1,2‐Regioselective Hydroboration of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Mondal Sumana , Singh Tejender , Baguli Sudip , Ghosh Soumya , Mukherjee Debabrata 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA fluorenyl‐tethered N‐heterocyclic carbene LH (LH=[(Flu)H−(CH2)2−NHCDipp]) and its monoanionic version L− are explored in complexation with zinc towards the hydroboration of N‐heteroarenes, carbonyl, ester, amide, and nitrile under ambient condition. The N‐heteroarenes exhibit high 1,2‐regioselectivity which is justified by computational analyses. The relative hydroboration rates of differently p‐substituted (electron donating vs. withdrawing) pyridines are also addressed. The monodentate LH offers a better catalytic activity than the chelating L− for steric reasons despite both giving three‐coordinate zinc complexes. The mechanism involves a Zn−H species at the heart of these catalytic processes which is trapped by Ph2CO. Computational studies suggest that the barrier to form the hydride complex is comparable to the barrier required for the following hydride transfer to pyridine.