bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static anisocoria in cats and dogs with naturally occurring tick paralysis (Ixodes holocyclus)
Authors: Holland CT 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo characterise the novel occurrence and neuro‐ophthalmological features of static anisocoria in cats and dogs with tick paralysis (TP) (Ixodes holocyclus) due to a single tick located remote from the head and neck.DesignObservational case series with retrospective analysis.MethodsMedical records were reviewed from 69 cats and 169 dogs treated for TP from a suburban veterinary hospital in Newcastle, New South Whales, between September 2005 and October 2021.ResultsAnisocoria was observed in 2/18 (11.1%) cats and 3/30 (10.0%) dogs with a single tick located remote from the head and neck. These proportions were not different when compared within species to 4 of 28 (14.3%) cats and 16 of 98 (16.3%) dogs with aniscocoria with a single tick located on the head and neck region (P = 1 and 0.56 respectively). Anisocoria arose from pupillary efferent dysfunction and included unilateral oculoparasympathetic dysfunction (internal ophthalmoplegia) in one dog, unilateral oculosympathetic dysfunction (Horner's syndrome) in one cat and one dog, and a combination of bilateral, but asymmetric, oculosympathetic and oculoparasympathetic dysfunction in one cat and one dog.ConclusionIt is proposed that anisocoria in cases of TP with a tick located remote from the head and neck is due to an intrinsic latent asymmetry in the safety factor for pupillary efferent function that is unmasked by a systemically distributed holocyclotoxin inhibiting neural transmission within this system, and this is the prevailing pathomechanism, rather than a direct local effect, underscoring anisocoria with a tick located on the head or neck.
Deep learning prediction model for central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma based on cytology
Authors: Ren Wenhao , Zhu Yanli , Wang Qian , Song Yuntao , Fan Zhihui , Bai Yanhua , Lin Dongmei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControversy exists regarding whether patients with low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) should undergo surgery or active surveillance; the inaccuracy of the preoperative clinical lymph node status assessment is one of the primary factors contributing to the controversy. It is imperative to accurately predict the lymph node status of PTMC before surgery. We selected 208 preoperative fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) liquid‐based preparations of PTMC as our research objects; all of these instances underwent lymph node dissection and, aside from lymph node status, were consistent with low‐risk PTMC. We separated them into two groups according to whether the postoperative pathology showed central lymph node metastases. The deep learning model was expected to predict, based on the preoperative thyroid FNA liquid‐based preparation, whether PTMC was accompanied by central lymph node metastases. Our deep learning model attained a sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value (PPV), negative prediction value (NPV), and accuracy of 78.9% (15/19), 73.9% (17/23), 71.4% (15/21), 81.0% (17/21), and 76.2% (32/42), respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (value was 0.8503. The predictive performance of the deep learning model was superior to that of the traditional clinical evaluation, and further analysis revealed the cell morphologies that played key roles in model prediction. Our study suggests that the deep learning model based on preoperative thyroid FNA liquid‐based preparation is a reliable strategy for predicting central lymph node metastases in thyroid micropapillary carcinoma, and its performance surpasses that of traditional clinical examination.
Mineralocorticoid replacement therapy in salt‐wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Lang Katharina , Quinkler Marcus , Kienitz Tina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPatients with salt‐wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia (SW‐CAH) usually show pronounced impairment of aldosterone secretion and, therefore, also require mineralocorticoid replacement. While a lot of research and discussion focusses on the glucocorticoid therapy in SW‐CAH to replace the missing cortisol and to control adrenal androgen excess, very little research is dealing with mineralocorticoid replacement. However, recent data demonstrated an increased cardiovascular risk in adult CAH patients urging to reflect also on the current mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. In this review, we explain the role and function of the mineralocorticoid receptor, its ligands and inhibitors and its relevance for the therapy of patients with SW‐CAH. We performed an extensive literature search and present data on mineralocorticoid therapy in SW‐CAH patients as well as clinical advice how to monitor and optimise mineralocorticoid replacement therapy.
The locus coeruleus‐dorsal hippocampal CA1 pathway is involved in depression‐induced perioperative neurocognitive disorders in adult mice
Authors: Zhang Kai , Chang Qianqian , Li Feixiang , Li Yun , Ding Ran , Yu Yonghao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPatients undergoing surgical anesthesia increasingly suffer from preoperative depression. Clinical studies have shown that depression is a risk factor for perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) in elder patients. However, the underlying mechanism, especially at the neural circuit level, remains poorly understood.MethodsRight carotid artery separation under sevoflurane and chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in adult mice were used to establish surgical anesthesia and chronic depression models. Cognitive function was assessed by the Y maze and novel object recognition tests. A chemogenetic approach was used to modulate the locus coeruleus‐dorsal hippocampal CA1 (LC‐dCA1) circuit. Hippocampal synaptic alterations were evaluated by Golgi staining and whole‐cell patch clamp recording.ResultsWe found that CSDS induced synaptic impairments in dorsal hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons and cognitive deficits in adult mice after surgery under sevoflurane. Chemogenetic activation of the LC‐dCA1 pathway significantly alleviated the CSDS‐induced synaptic impairments and cognitive dysfunction. On the contrary, inhibition of this pathway could mimic CSDS‐induced deficits. Furthermore, we showed that dopamine played an important role in CSDS‐induced PNDs in adult mice after surgery/sevoflurane.ConclusionOverall, our results have demonstrated a vital role for the LC‐dCA1 pathway in CSDS‐induced PNDs in adult mice undergoing surgery with sevoflurane anesthesia.
All that glitters is not gold—Mixed early labour market outcomes of STEM graduates in Poland
Authors: Zając Tomasz Z. , Żółtak Tomasz , Bożykowski Marek , Jasiński Mikołaj 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe expansion of higher education resulted in a growing interest in post‐graduation labour market outcomes. Two conflicting narratives are present in the debate. The first focuses on the shortage of skills and the need for further expansion of the sector and seems to pertain mostly to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The second revolves around over‐education and mismatch leading to graduate unemployment or underemployment. Such concerns pertain especially to humanities and social sciences. However, in this article, we argue that the STEM versus non‐STEM opposition on which this debate is premised is not adequate for analysing post‐graduation labour market outcomes. We leverage a unique administrative dataset comprising monthly records on the labour market status of the entire population of recent Polish university graduates (N = 161,323) to demonstrate the heterogeneity of the STEM category in terms of labour market outcomes and the limited predictive value of the field of study for those outcomes. We argue that the category is too broad and internally diverse to be used as an overarching category, especially in research meant to inform policymaking.
Reproductive resilience or sweepstakes recruitment? Assessing drivers of lifetime reproductive success in exploited marine fish
Authors: Tringali Michael D. , Lowerre‐Barbieri Susan K. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the processes that drive reproductive success in marine fish stocks is critical to effective fisheries management. These processes can be difficult to investigate, especially in age‐structured populations, because they occur at transgenerational scales. Reproductive success is often attributed to a small portion of the adult population (<0.01%) and thought to be driven primarily by random external factors, consistent with the concept of sweepstake reproductive success (SRS). A competing concept, the reproductive resilience paradigm, posits that fishes have evolved complex spawner‐recruit systems to achieve lifetime reproductive success and maintain population stability within highly variable environments. Here, we examine these two concepts. First, we analyse the popular sport fish red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus, Sciaenidae), drawing on genetic and reproductive data to estimate a plausible range for the ratio of effective population size () to adult abundance () and to infer variance in lifetime reproductive success (). Then, we synthesize available data and infer for two other fishes that have ratios reportedly >0.10, the southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii, Scombridae) and the silver seabream (Chrysophrys auratus, Sparidae). Although commonly regarded as an SRS species, red drum did not meet the SRS criterion. Overdispersed values were inferred for all three species, with those for red drum and silver seabream being dependent upon population‐closure assumptions. Results are presented within the conceptual framework of reproductive resilience, considering the roles of random extrinsic forces versus evolved traits to achieve lifetime reproductive success and population stability in high and variable mortality environments.
Trends in pathology diagnoses during 10 years of a colorectal cancer screening programme
Authors: Carragher Raymond , Ings Grace R , Baker Gavin , Rosborough Jeni , Johnston Dorothy B , Shah Rajeev , Cameron Iain , O'Neill Ciaran , Kelly Paul J , McVeigh Gerard , Irwin Steve , Khosraviani Kourosh , Dickey William , Owen Tracy A , McKee Christine F , Coleman Helen G , Loughrey Maurice B 
Published: August 2023

AimsWe report pathology findings from the first 10 years of the faecal–occult blood‐based Northern Ireland Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, presenting summary data and trends in pathology diagnoses and clinicopathological features of screen‐detected cancers.Methods and resultsData were analysed from a comprehensive polyp‐level pathology database representing all endoscopy specimens from programme inception in 2010 until 2021. A total of 9800 individuals underwent 13 472 endoscopy procedures, yielding 25 967 pathology specimens and 32 119 diagnoses. Index specimen diagnoses (4.1%) and index colonoscopies (10.4%) yielded a diagnosis of colorectal cancer, representing 1045 cancers from 1020 individuals (25 with synchronous cancers). A further 13 index cancers were identified via computed tomography colonography; 65.3% of cancer diagnoses were in males; 41.7% were stage I, 23.1% stage II, 25.8% stage III and 1.8% stage IV (7.6% unstaged). Of 233 pT1 cancers diagnosed within local excision specimens, 79 (33.9%) had completion surgery. Ten‐year trends showed a steady decline in the proportion of index colonoscopies that yielded a diagnosis of cancer (14.7% in year 1; 4.8% in year 11) or advanced colorectal polyp. There was a strong upward trend in diagnoses of sessile serrated lesions, which overtook hyperplastic polyps in proportions of total index diagnoses by the end of the study time‐frame (8.7% compared to 8.5%).ConclusionsOver the first 10 years of a population colorectal cancer screening programme, ‘real world’ pathology data demonstrate success in the form of reduced diagnoses of cancer and advanced colorectal polyp with passage of successive screening rounds. Interesting trends with respect to serrated polyp diagnoses are also evident, probably related to pathologist and endoscopist behaviour.
Enhanced lupus progression in alcohol‐administered Fc gamma receptor‐IIb–deficiency lupus mice, partly through leaky gut‐induced inflammation
Authors: Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Kamolratanakul Supitcha , Yiengwattananon Phatcharapon , Phuengmaung Pornpimol , Udompornpitak Kanyarat , Saisorn Wilasinee , Hiengrach Pratsanee , Visitchanakun Peerapat , Schultz Marcus J , Leelahavanichkul Asada 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAlcohol can induce a leaky gut, with translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood circulation. Although the contribution of inflammation to organ‐mediated damage in lupus has been previously demonstrated, the mechanistic roles of alcohol consumption in lupus activation are not known. Herein, we tested the effects of 10‐week lasting alcohol administration on organ damages and immune responses in 8‐week‐old lupus‐prone Fc gamma receptor IIb–deficient (FcγRIIb−/−) mice. Our study endpoints were evaluation of systemic inflammation and assessment of fecal dysbiosis along with endotoxemia. In comparison with alcohol‐administered wild‐type mice, FcγRIIb−/− mice demonstrated more prominent liver damage (enzyme, histological score, apoptosis, malondialdehyde oxidant) and serum interleukin(IL)‐6 levels, despite a similarity in leaky gut (fluorescein isothiocyanate–dextran assay, endotoxemia and gut occludin‐1 immunofluorescence), fecal dysbiosis (microbiome analysis) and endotoxemia. All alcohol‐administered FcγRIIb−/− mice developed lupus‐like characteristics (serum anti‐dsDNA, proteinuria, serum creatinine and kidney injury score) with spleen apoptosis, whereas control FcγRIIb−/− mice showed only a subtle anti‐dsDNA. Both alcohol and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) similarly impaired enterocyte integrity (transepithelial electrical resistance), and only LPS, but not alcohol, upregulated the IL‐8 gene in Caco‐2 cells. In macrophages, alcohol mildly activated supernatant cytokines (tumor necrosis factor‐α and IL‐6), but not M1 polarization–associated genes (IL‐1β and iNOS), whereas LPS prominently induced both parameters (more prominent in FcγRIIb−/− macrophages than wild type). There was no synergy in LPS plus alcohol compared with LPS alone in both enterocytes and macrophages. In conclusion, alcohol might exacerbate lupus‐like activity partly through a profound inflammation from the leaky gut in FcγRIIb−/− mice.
Topical metformin accelerates wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and inhibiting apoptosis in a diabetic wound model
Authors: Tombulturk Fatma Kubra , Soydas Tugba , Kanigur‐Sultuybek Gönül 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe wound healing process, which is a pathophysiological process that includes various phases, is interrupted in diabetes due to hyperglycemia, and since deterioration occurs in these phases, a normal healing process is not observed. The aim of the current study is to investigate the proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of metformin on wound healing after topical application on diabetic and non‐diabetic wounds. For this purpose, we applied metformin topically on the full‐thickness excisional wound model we created in diabetic and nondiabetic groups. We investigated the effects of metformin on the apoptotic index by the Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP Nick‐End Labeling method and on collagen‐I, collagen‐III, p53, and c‐jun expression levels by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique in wound biopsy tissues. Our results showed that c‐jun and p53 mRNA levels and apoptotic index increased with the effect of diabetes, while collagen synthesis was disrupted. As a result of the study, we showed that metformin increases cellular proliferation and has anti‐apoptotic effects by increasing collagen‐I/III expression and decreasing p53/c‐jun level, especially in diabetic wounds and also in normal wounds. In conclusion, the topical effect of metformin on diabetic wounds reversed the adverse effects caused by diabetes, increasing the wound healing rate and improving the wound repair process.
Empowering supply chains with Industry 4.0 technologies to face megatrends
Authors: Pessot Elena , Zangiacomi Andrea , Marchiori Irene , Fornasiero Rosanna 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates how current megatrends (i.e., aging population, growing urbanization, shifts in consumer demands, geopolitical shifts, depletion of natural resources, climate change) are changing the supply chain landscape and the role of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to support alignment with these changes. Building on contingency theory, the study employs focus‐group interviews with various experts to generate new insights into fitting supply chain capabilities and enabling technologies. Data collected in the focus groups helped us to identify five supply chain capabilities as prevalent and mostly fitting the external contingencies, i.e., customer‐driven, urban‐centered, resource‐efficient, fast reactive, and human‐centered supply chain. Moreover, this study highlights and compares the potential of I4.0 technologies and their applications in supporting specific supply chain capabilities. The findings of this study can inform supply chain managers in the definition of capabilities to be enhanced at the supply chain level and contribute toward understanding the extent of I4.0 technologies in empowering supply chains to face turbulent and changing conditions.
On a new colorful species of Moenkhausia (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Madeira basin at the Chapada dos Parecis, Brazil, with comments on its conservation and putative biogeographic history
Authors: Marinho Manoela Maria Ferreira , Dagosta Fernando César Paiva 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA new species, Moenkhausia iris, is described from the upper rio Madeira basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The new species is unique among congeners by its color in life, which is the dorsal half of body blue or green and ventral half red, more intense above the anal fin. Additionally, it can be distinguished by having a single, vertically elongated humeral spot, a lateral surface of body, caudal peduncle, and anal fin without distinct blotches or oblique marks and 18–19 branched anal‐fin rays. The new species is endemic from a small tributary of the Rio Guaporé, rio Madeira drainage at Chapada dos Parecis. Its putatively close relatives are endemic to the upper rio Juruena located at the same shield. Both headwaters are very close to each other, sharing other restricted range species, and their hydrogeological topography indicates the upper rio Juruena stretch was captured by the rio Guaporé through a headwater capture event. Moenkhausia iris is much appreciated in the international aquarium trade, as well as many other tetras endemic from the same area. Exportation is based on the capture of wild individuals so sustainable exploitation is necessary for its conservation.
ERS: A simple scoring system to predict early recurrence after surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Costentin Charlotte , Audureau Etienne , Park Young Nyun , Langella Serena , Vibert Eric , Laurent Alexis , Cauchy François , Scatton Olivier , Chirica Mircea , Rhaiem Rami , Boleslawski Emmanuel , di Tommaso Luca , Ferrero Alessandro , Yano Hirohisa , Akiba Jun , Donadon Matteo , Nebbia Martina , Detry Olivier , Honoré Pierre , Di Martino Marcello , Schwarz Lilian , Barbier Louise , Nault Jean‐Charles , Rhee Hyungjin , Lim Chetana , Brustia Raffaele , Paradis Valérie , Guettier Catherine , Le Bail Brigitte , Okumura Shinya , Blanc Jean‐Frédéric , Calderaro Julien 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundSurgical resection (SR) is a potentially curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) hampered by high rates of recurrence. New drugs are tested in the adjuvant setting, but standardised risk stratification tools of HCC recurrence are lacking.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a simple scoring system to predict 2‐year recurrence after SR for HCC.Methods2359 treatment‐naïve patients who underwent SR for HCC in 17 centres in Europe and Asia between 2004 and 2017 were divided into a development (DS; n = 1558) and validation set (VS; n = 801) by random sampling of participating centres. The Early Recurrence Score (ERS) was generated using variables associated with 2‐year recurrence in the DS and validated in the VS.ResultsVariables associated with 2‐year recurrence in the DS were (with associated points) alpha‐fetoprotein (<10 ng/mL:0; 10–100: 2; >100: 3), size of largest nodule (≥40 mm: 1), multifocality (yes: 2), satellite nodules (yes: 2), vascular invasion (yes: 1) and surgical margin (positive R1: 2). The sum of points provided a score ranging from 0 to 11, allowing stratification into four levels of 2‐year recurrence risk (Wolbers' C‐indices 66.8% DS and 68.4% VS), with excellent calibration according to risk categories. Wolber's and Harrell's C‐indices apparent values were systematically higher for ERS when compared to Early Recurrence After Surgery for Liver tumour post‐operative model to predict time to early recurrence or recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionsERS is a user‐friendly staging system identifying four levels of early recurrence risk after SR and a robust tool to design personalised surveillance strategies and adjuvant therapy trials.
A Torn Country: Erdoğan's Turkey And the Elections of 2023
Authors: Yavuz M. Hakan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article examines the victory of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey's 2023 presidential election, the role of fear‐oriented populist nationalism in Turkish politics, and the implications of the results for society. It argues that Turkey faces a deep moral and social crisis rather than a mere political problem. The article explores the sociocultural origins of polarization, as competing communities with few shared values contribute to divisions. It also analyzes the formation and ideologies of the People's Alliance and the Nation Alliance, the two major blocs involved in the 2023 elections, providing insights into their visions for Turkey. Last, the article scrutinizes the cult of the strongman, the widespread use of nationalism and religion, the utilization of state resources by Erdoğan's administration, and the influence of media—largely controlled by Erdoğan—on public opinion. This includes investigating the impact of alternative truths and narratives on the electoral process. The analysis highlights the deep‐rooted moral bankruptcy Turkey faces in the third decade of Erdoğan's rule.
Is the Housing Market an Inequality Generator?
Authors: Eggum Terje , Røed Larsen Erling 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study inequality generated by capital gains in the housing market by exploiting two countrywide data sources in Norway: a registry of housing units and a database of transactions. We identify and follow all individuals in six birth cohorts in Norway, who were owners on January 1, 2007, and on January 1, 2019, and estimate the sum of their actual and potential capital gains from their owned and sold properties. We demonstrate that there is a substantial increase in capital gains inequality over the period, both across and within geographical strata and across and within birth cohorts. We find a statistically significant and economically meaningful difference between the distributions of capital gains of female and male owners in Oslo.