bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding: a cross-sectional study in Sindh province of Pakistan
Authors: Kumar Ramesh , Amir-ud-Din Rafi , Ahmed Jamil , Asim Muhammad , Rashid Fozia , Khan Shahzad Ali , Ali Shaukat , Pongpanich Sathirakorn 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of early initiation of breast feeding and prelacteal feeding in highly disadvantaged districts in Pakistan.DesignThis cross-sectional study design.SettingsThis study was carried out in twelve districts of the Sindh province of Pakistan.ParticipantsA total of 4800 mothers with children under 2 years, selected through a multistage random sampling method.Data analysisBivariate association, survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard techniques), multivariate linear regression and the ordinary least square model were used.ResultsThe results show that the prevalence of early initiation of breast feeding was 68% and prelacteal feeding was 32%. Adequate treatment, proper guidance at antenatal care visits, postpartum health check, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional birth, skin-to-skin contact at birth and birth size were all associated with early breastfeeding initiation (p<0.001). The odds of early initiation of breast feeding after birth are higher if the respondents received proper guidance (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.02 to 4.11) or made skin-to-skin contact (OR 10.65; 95% CI 6.82 to 16.65). Bivariate association between the prelacteal feeding and a set of correlates suggests that all variables under study were significantly associated with the outcome variable of interest at a 95% or higher significance level. The factors which significantly reduced the odds of prelacteal feeding were adequate treatment (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.37) and postpartum health check (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.80).ConclusionSudy concludes that the correlates like adequate treatment of mothers during labour, postpartum health check-up, normal birth with skilled birth attendants, institutional births and skin-to-skin contact between mother and the baby determine the early initiation of breast feeding and prelecteal feeding. Early initiation of breast feeding needs to be encouraged, and communities must be educated against the use of prelacteal feeding.
Single-cell spatial landscape of immunotherapy response reveals mechanisms of CXCL13 enhanced antitumor immunity
Authors: Sorin Mark , Karimi Elham , Rezanejad Morteza , Yu Miranda W , Desharnais Lysanne , McDowell Sheri A C , Doré Samuel , Arabzadeh Azadeh , Breton Valerie , Fiset Benoit , Wei Yuhong , Rayes Roni , Orain Michele , Coulombe Francois , Manem Venkata S K , Gagne Andreanne , Quail Daniela F , Joubert Philippe , Spicer Jonathan D , Walsh Logan A 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundImmunotherapy has revolutionized clinical outcomes for patients suffering from lung cancer, yet relatively few patients sustain long-term durable responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor immune microenvironment fosters tumorous heterogeneity and mediates both disease progression and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). As such, there is an unmet need to elucidate the spatially defined single-cell landscape of the lung cancer microenvironment to understand the mechanisms of disease progression and identify biomarkers of response to ICI.MethodsHere, in this study, we applied imaging mass cytometry to characterize the tumor and immunological landscape of immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer by describing activated cell states, cellular interactions and neighborhoods associated with improved efficacy. We functionally validated our findings using preclinical mouse models of cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade.ResultsWe resolved 114,524 single cells in 27 patients treated with ICI, enabling spatial resolution of immune lineages and activation states with distinct clinical outcomes. We demonstrated that CXCL13 expression is associated with ICI efficacy in patients, and that recombinant CXCL13 potentiates anti-PD-1 response in vivo in association with increased antigen experienced T cell subsets and reduced CCR2+ monocytes.DiscussionOur results provide a high-resolution molecular resource and illustrate the importance of major immune lineages as well as their functional substates in understanding the role of the tumor immune microenvironment in response to ICIs.
First pass effect of mechanical thrombectomy for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion: data from the ANGEL-ACT registry
Authors: Sun Dapeng , Huo Xiaochuan , Raynald  , Jia BaiXue , Tong Xu , Wang Anxin , Ma Ning , Gao Feng , Mo Dapeng , Miao Zhongrong 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundTo explore the incidence, predictors, and association of first pass effect (FPE) on clinical outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) in the Asian population.MethodsWe selected patients from the ANGEL-ACT registry. We defined FPE as complete recanalization after one MT attempt without rescue treatment, multiple pass effect (MPE) as complete recanalization after >1 MT attempt or after one MT attempt with rescue treatment, and incomplete recanalization (ICR) as a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia score of 2b, independent of the number of MT attempts. We conducted multivariable logistic analyses to identify the independent predictors of FPE and to compare the outcomes, including favorable outcome, mortality within 90 days, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) among the FPE, MPE, and ICR groups.ResultsTwo hundred and seventy-nine patients, 68 with FPE (24.4%), 114 with MPE (40.9%), and 83 with ICR (29.7%), were included. Underlying intracranial atherosclerosis disease (ICAD) (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.16, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.34, P<0.001) was independently associated with a low chance of FPE. Furthermore, FPE was associated with a favorable outcome compared with MPE and ICR (MPE vs FPE, aOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.97, P=0.040; ICR vs FPE, aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.81, P=0.012), and decreased mortality (MPE vs FPE, aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.36, P=0.041) compared with MPE but similar mortality to ICR (P=0.374). No difference was found for ICH among the three groups (P>0.05).ConclusionsFPE occurred in 24.4% of patients with VBAO in our cohort, which was associated with improved clinical outcomes compared with MPE and ICR. VBAO with underlying ICAD was less likely to achieve FPE.Trial registration numberNCT03370939.
Understanding occipital pressure sores in UK military casualties: a pilot study in healthy military personnel
Authors: Chatzistergos Panagiotis , E Scott T , Thorburn M , Chockalingam N 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionThe high prevalence of occipital ulcers in UK military casualties observed during the conflict in Afghanistan is a multifactorial phenomenon. However, the consensus is that ulceration is triggered by excessive pressure that is maintained for too long during the use of the general service military stretcher. Thresholds for capillary occlusion are accepted benchmarks to define excessive pressure, but similar thresholds for safe/excessive duration of pressure application do not exist. To address this gap in knowledge, we propose to use the time it takes for a healthy person to feel pain at the back of the head as an initial indication of safe exposure to pressure.MethodsHealthy military personnel (16 male/10 female) were asked to lie motionless on a typical general service stretcher until they felt pain. Time-to-pain and the location of pain were recorded. To support the interpretation of results, baseline sensitivity to pain and pressure distribution at the back of the head were also measured. Independent samples t-test was used to assess differences between genders.ResultsTwenty participants felt pressure-induced soft-tissue pain at the back of the head. The remaining six participants terminated the test due to musculoskeletal pain caused by poor ergonomic positioning. On average, pain at the occiput developed after 31 min (±14 min). Female participants were significantly more sensitive to pain (t(24)=3.038,p=0.006), but time-to-pain did not differ significantly between genders (p>0.05).ConclusionsWhen people lie motionless on a typical military stretcher, the back of the head is the first area of the body that becomes painful due to pressure. The fact that pain develops in ≈30 min can help healthcare providers decide how frequently to reposition their patients who are unable to do this on their own. More research is still needed to directly link time-to-pain with time-to-injury.
Reliability–Security Tradeoff Analysis in mmWave Ad Hoc–based CPS
Authors: Ju Ying , Yang Mingjie , Chakraborty Chinmay , Liu Lei , Pei Qingqi , Xiao Ming , Yu Keping 
Published: February 2023

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) offer integrated resolutions for various applications by combining computer and physical components and enabling individual machines to work together for much more excellent benefits. The
ad hoc
–based CPS provides a promising architecture due to its decentralized nature and destructive-resistance. A growing number of information leakage events in CPSs and the following serious consequences have aroused ubiquitous concern about information security. In this article, we combine physical layer security solutions and millimeter-wave (mmWave) techniques to safeguard the
ad hoc
network and investigate the reliability-security tradeoff by taking user demands for the network into account, where eavesdroppers attempt to intercept messages. For the secrecy enhancements, we adopt an artificial noise (AN) assisted transmission scheme, in which AN is employed to create non-cancellable interference to eavesdroppers. The reliability and security are correspondingly characterized by the connection outage probability and secrecy outage probability, and their analytical expressions of them are attained through theoretical analysis for the purpose of the tradeoff issue discussion. Our results reveal that secrecy performance in mmWave
ad hoc
networks gains significant improvement through the use of AN. It also shows that given total transmit power, there exists a tradeoff between reliability and security to achieve optimal outage performance.
Area-level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Cancer Survival in Metropolitan Detroit
Authors: Snider Natalie G. , Hastert Theresa A. , Nair Mrudula , KC Madhav , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Schwartz Ann G. , Peters Edward S. , Stoffel Elena M. , Rozek Laura S. , Purrington Kristen S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground:Racial segregation is linked to poorer neighborhood quality and adverse health conditions among minorities, including worse cancer outcomes. We evaluated relationships between race, neighborhood social disadvantage, and cancer survival.Methods:We calculated overall and cancer-specific survival for 11,367 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 29,481 non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer using data from the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. The area deprivation index (ADI) was used to measure social disadvantage at the census block group level, where higher ADI is associated with poorer neighborhood factors. Associations between ADI and survival were estimated using Cox proportional hazards mixed-effects models accounting for geographic grouping and adjusting for demographic and clinical factors.Results:Increasing ADI quintile was associated with increased overall mortality for all four cancer sites in multivariable-adjusted models. Stratified by race, these associations remained among breast (NHW: HR = 1.16, P &lt; 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.20, P &lt; 0.0001), colorectal (NHW: HR = 1.11, P &lt; 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.09, P = 0.00378), prostate (NHW: HR = 1.18, P &lt; 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.18, P &lt; 0.0001), and lung cancers (NHW: HR = 1.06, P &lt; 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.07, P = 0.00177). Cancer-specific mortality estimates were similar to overall mortality. Adjustment for ADI substantially attenuated the effects of race on mortality for breast [overall proportion attenuated (OPA) = 47%, P &lt; 0.0001; cancer-specific proportion attenuated (CSPA) = 37%, P &lt; 0.0001] prostate cancer (OPA = 51%, P &lt; 0.0001; CSPA = 56%, P &lt; 0.0001), and colorectal cancer (OPA = 69%, P = 0.032; CSPA = 36%, P = 0.018).Conclusions:Area-level socioeconomic disadvantage is related to cancer mortality in a racially diverse population, impacting racial differences in cancer mortality.Impact:Understanding the role of neighborhood quality in cancer survivorship could improve community-based intervention practices.
Landscape of Genetic Alterations Underlying Hallmark Signature Changes in Cancer RevealsTP53Aneuploidy–driven Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: McClure Marni B. , Kogure Yasunori , Ansari-Pour Naser , Saito Yuki , Chao Hann-Hsiang , Shepherd Jonathan , Tabata Mariko , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Wedge David C. , Hoadley Katherine A. , Perou Charles M. , Kataoka Keisuke 
Published: February 2023

The hallmark signatures based on gene expression capture core cancer processes. Through a pan-cancer analysis, we describe the overview of hallmark signatures across tumor types/subtypes and reveal significant relationships between these signatures and genetic alterations. TP53 mutation exerts diverse changes, including increased proliferation and glycolysis, which are closely mimicked by widespread copy-number alterations. Hallmark signature and copy-number clustering identify a cluster of squamous tumors and basal-like breast and bladder cancers with elevated proliferation signatures, frequent TP53 mutation, and high aneuploidy. In these basal-like/squamous TP53-mutated tumors, a specific and consistent spectrum of copy-number alterations is preferentially selected prior to whole-genome duplication. Within Trp53-null breast cancer mouse models, these copy-number alterations spontaneously occur and recapitulate the hallmark signature changes observed in the human condition. Together, our analysis reveals intertumor and intratumor heterogeneity of the hallmark signatures, uncovering an oncogenic program induced by TP53 mutation and select aneuploidy events to drive a worsened prognosis.Significance:Our data demonstrate that TP53 mutation and a resultant selected pattern of aneuploidies cause an aggressive transcriptional program including upregulation of glycolysis signature with prognostic implications. Importantly, basal-like breast cancer demonstrates genetic and/or phenotypic changes closely related to squamous tumors including 5q deletion that reveal alterations that could offer therapeutic options across tumor types regardless of tissue of origin.
Há um século. Mário Domingues, o anarquista negro que fustigou o colonialismo Português
Authors: Alves Tânia 
Published: February 2023

Este texto é uma resenha crítica à obra da autoria de José Luís Garcia intitulada Mário Domingues – A Afirmação Negra e a Questão Colonial. Textos 1919-1928 (Lisboa: Tinta da China, 2022). Pretende dar aos leitores uma visão crítica deste livro dedicado à vida e aos escritos anticoloniais e antirracistas de Mário Domingues dados à estampa na imprensa portuguesa entre os anos 1919-1928.
Grammatical Perspective-Taking in Comprehension and Production
Authors: Anderson Carolyn Jane , Dillon Brian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLanguage use in conversation requires conversation partners to consider each other’s points-of-view, or perspectives. A large body of work has explored how conversation partners take into account differences in knowledge states when choosing referring expressions. This paper explores how well findings from perspective-taking in reference generalize to a relatively understudied domain of perspective: the processing of grammatical perspectival expressions like the motion verbs come and go in English. We re-visit findings from perspective-taking in reference that conversation participants are subject to egocentric biases: they are biased towards their own perspectives. Drawing on theoretical proposals for grammatical perspective-taking and prior experimental studies of perspective-taking in reference, we compare two models of grammatical perspective-taking: a serial anchoring-and-adjustment model, and a simultaneous integration model. We test their differing predictions in a series of comprehension and production experiments using the perspectival motion verbs come and go as a case study. While our comprehension studies suggest that listeners reason simultaneously over multiple perspectives, as in the simultaneous integration model, our production findings are more mixed: we find support for only one of the simultaneous integration model’s two key predictions. More generally, our findings suggest a role for egocentric bias in production for grammatical perspective-taking as well as when choosing referring expressions.
The Sensitivity of Convective Cloud Ensemble Statistics to Horizontal Grid Spacing in Idealized RCE Simulations
Authors: Savre Julien , Craig George 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this work, cloud ensemble statistics are extracted from idealized radiative–convective equilibrium simulations performed at horizontal grid spacings Δ ranging from 2 km to 125 m. At the coarsest resolution, convection remains randomly distributed in space such that the equilibrium statistical mechanics theory proposed by Craig and Cohen in 2006 (CC06; assumes Poisson distributed clouds and exponential mass flux distributions) remains valid. Using classical organization metrics, clustering is already observed at Δ = 1 km, but substantial deviations between the simulated cloud ensemble statistics and CC06 are only observed for grid spacings Δ < 500 m. At these resolutions, the cloud mass flux distributions exhibit heavy tails and cloud counts become overdispersed (higher variance than a Poisson distribution). These changes in ensemble statistics are accompanied by a shift in subcloud organization patterns as well as with the fact that individual cloudy updrafts start to be resolved. Consequently, a horizontal grid spacing no larger than 250 m is recommended, not only to properly resolve the dynamics of individual convective clouds, but also to capture the mesoscale organization of the cloud ensemble. Finally, it is shown that the CC06 theory and our high-resolution results including mesoscale organization may be reconciled if one considers 1) areas smaller than approximately 2 km in size, corresponding roughly to the narrow bands along which clouds develop almost randomly; and 2) individual cloud cores instead of cloud objects, core mass fluxes being shown to generally follow exponential distributions.
Community interventions for anxiety and depression in adults and young people: A systematic review
Authors: Buechner Hadassah , Toparlak Sureyya M , Ostinelli Edoardo G , Shokraneh Farhad , Nicholls-Mindlin Jessica , Cipriani Andrea , Geddes John R , Syed Sheriff Rebecca 
Published: February 2023

Background: Growing evidence suggests that community-based interventions may be effective for anxiety and depression. This study aimed to describe studies of community interventions delivered to adults and/or young people, either in person or online, evaluated in randomised controlled trials and provide an indication as to their effectiveness, acceptability, quality of data and where possible, mechanisms of action. We included interventions delivered at and/or by museums, art galleries, libraries, gardens, music groups/choirs and sports clubs. Method: We developed and followed a preregistered protocol: PROSPERO CRD42020204471. Randomised controlled trials in adults and young people were identified in an extensive search with no date/time, language, document type and publication status limitations. Studies were selected according to predetermined eligibility criteria and data independently extracted and then assessed using Risk of Bias 1. The studies were deemed too heterogeneous for meta-analysis and were therefore reported using a narrative synthesis. Results: Our analysis included 31 studies, with 2898 participants. Community interventions most studied in randomised controlled trials were community music (12 studies, 1432 participants), community exercise (14 studies, 955 participants) and community gardens/gardening (6 studies, 335 participants). The majority of studies were from high-income countries – many were in specific populations (such as those with physical health problems) and were generally of low quality. Dropout rates across the included studies were low (1 participant on average per 100 participants). The inadequate description of interventions limited identification of potential mechanisms of action. Discussion: The uncertainty of the evidence allows only a weak recommendation in support of community interventions for anxiety and depression. The results suggest community engagement is a promising area for wide-reaching interventions to be implemented and evaluated, but more high-quality trials are needed, especially in young people and under-represented communities.
Preventive Effects of Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in First-Year University Students at Risk for Depression: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ogawa Sayaka , Hayashida Masaki , Tayama Jun , Saigo Tatsuo , Nakaya Naoki , Sone Toshimasa , Kobayashi Masakazu , Bernick Peter , Takeoka Atsushi , Shirabe Susumu 
Published: February 2023

High scores on Harm Avoidance (HA) on Cloniger’s Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) have been identified as a risk factor for depression. Group cognitive-behavioral therapy (GCBT) has been found effective in preventing depression and improving depressive symptoms among university students. However, no randomized controlled trials of GCBT have been conducted with university students with high HA. Although we initiated a randomized controlled trial in this study, some participants submitted incomplete questionnaires at baseline interfering with assured randomization; therefore, we report this study as a non-randomized controlled trial. We evaluated whether a GCBT intervention would be effective at reducing HA and, thereby, preventing depression in university students with high HA. We performed final analysis of data on 59 participants in the intervention group and 60 in a control group. We used scores on the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) as the primary outcome measure and analysis of covariance to assess group differences on mean BDI-II change scores before the intervention and at six months and one year after the intervention. The intervention group had lower BDI-II scores than the control group at six months after the intervention. GCBT may have facilitated cognitive modification in individuals with high HA, or GCBT may have fostered mutual modeling by group participants. Thus, GCBT may contribute to reducing depressive symptoms in university students with high HA, and associated risk for developing depression.