bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SAMHSA awards $18.9 million for services to youth and families
Authors: Knopf Alison 
Published: July 2023

This month the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) announced the award of $18.9 million to 35 community organizations for the Enhancement and Expansion of Treatment and Recovery Services for Adolescents, Transitional Aged Youth, and their Families, otherwise known as the “Youth and Family TREE” program. According to SAMHSA, this program enhances “comprehensive treatment, early intervention and recovery support services for adolescents, ages 12 to 18, and transitional aged youth, ages 16 to 25, with substance use disorders and/or co‐occurring substance use and mental disorders, and their families and primary caregivers.”
Hybrid Data‐Driven Discovery of High‐Performance Silver Selenide‐Based Thermoelectric Composites
Authors: Shang Wenjie , Zeng Minxiang , Tanvir A. N. M. , Wang Ke , Saeidi‐Javash Mortaza , Dowling Alexander , Luo Tengfei , Zhang Yanliang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOptimizing material compositions often enhances thermoelectric performances. However, the large selection of possible base elements and dopants results in a vast composition design space that is too large to systematically search using solely domain knowledge. To address this challenge, a hybrid data‐driven strategy that integrates Bayesian optimization (BO) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) is proposed to optimize the composition of five elements (Ag, Se, S, Cu, and Te) in AgSe‐based thermoelectric materials. Data is collected from the literature to provide prior knowledge for the initial GPR model, which is updated by actively collected experimental data during the iteration between BO and experiments. Within seven iterations, the optimized AgSe‐based materials prepared using a simple high‐throughput ink mixing and blade coating method deliver a high power factor of 2100 µW m−1K−2, which is a 75% improvement from the baseline composite (nominal composition of Ag2Se1). The success of this study provides opportunities to generalize the demonstrated active machine learning technique to accelerate the development and optimization of a wide range of material systems with reduced experimental trials.
Polymer Mechanochemistry in Microbubbles
Authors: Xuan Mingjun , Fan Jilin , Khiêm Vu Ngoc , Zou Miancheng , Brenske Kai‐Oliver , Mourran Ahmed , Vinokur Rostislav , Zheng Lifei , Itskov Mikhail , Göstl Robert , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolymer mechanochemistry is a promising technology to convert mechanical energy into chemical functionality by breaking covalent and supramolecular bonds site‐selectively. Yet, the mechanochemical reaction rates of covalent bonds in typically used ultrasonication setups lead to reasonable conversions only after comparably long sonication times. This can be accelerated by either increasing the reactivity of the mechanoresponsive moiety or by modifying the encompassing polymer topology. Here, a microbubble system with a tailored polymer shell consisting of an N2 gas core and a mechanoresponsive disulfide‐containing polymer network is presented. It is found that the mechanochemical activation of the disulfides is greatly accelerated using these microbubbles compared to commensurate solid core particles or capsules filled with liquid. Aided by computational simulations, it is found that low shell thickness, low shell stiffness and crosslink density, and a size‐dependent eigenfrequency close to the used ultrasound frequency maximize the mechanochemical yield over the course of the sonication process.
Lactic Acid Production from Lignocellulosic Residues: A Case Study Toward Process Integration
Authors: Doménech Pablo , Álvarez Cristina , Moreno Antonio D. , Manzanares Paloma , Ballesteros Ignacio 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, the production of lactic acid from municipal forestry and greening wastes processed by steam explosion (SE) and enzymatic hydrolysis is reported. The liquid fraction hydrolysate (LFH) obtained after filtration of the steam‐exploded slurry (previously subjected to detoxification) and the enzymatic hydrolysate resulting from the water insoluble solid fraction (WIS‐derived hydrolysate, WDH) are studied as substrate for lactic acid fermentation using an integrated strategy. The fermentation process of WDH using Bacillus coagulans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus shows similar sugar conversion yields of about 0.9 g g−1 (based on consumed glucose). In contrast, the use of detoxified LFH (d‐LFH) completely inhibits B. coagulans, making necessary a previous dilution with the WDH to trigger fermentation when using this microorganism. The best integrated strategy using both d‐LFH and WDH streams and B. coagulans as fermentative strain has a 1:3 d‐LFH:WDH ratio, yielding 0.93 g lactic acid g−1 of consumed sugars and a lactic acid concentration of about 50 g L−1.
YOLOv7‐EAS: A Small Target Detection of Camera Module Surface Based on Improved YOLOv7
Authors: Zou Huatao , He Gang , Yao Yuan , Zhu Feng , Zhou Yang , Chen Xuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe camera module surface may introduce defects in the focusing process, and manual detection of these defects is inefficient and costly. To address this problem, a method to automatically expand the dataset for deep learning models with fewer original images is developed. A defect detection method is also presented, YOLOv7‐EAS, that enhances YOLOv7 for camera module images with complex backgrounds and small target defects. This method introduces NewEIOU Loss, a bounding box regression loss function that extends EIOU Loss with a nonlinear compensation term. This function improves the model's convergence rate to quadratic order. Moreover, the detection head based on ASFF is redesigned to adapt the layer features and spatially filter out irrelevant information to improve the detection rate of small targets. Finally, a 3D attention mechanism is applied to increase the model's ability to extract fine‐grained features without increasing the network parameters. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv7 algorithm achieves 90.5% mAP for the camera module image dataset, which is 10.7% higher than the original algorithm, at 136 FPS. This method can perform the camera module surface defect detection task more accurately and meet the real‐time requirements of the production line.
Asynchronous Charge Carrier Injection in Perovskite Light‐Emitting Transistors
Authors: Klein Maciej , Blecharz Krzysztof , Cheng Bryan Wei Hao , Bruno Annalisa , Soci Cesare 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUnbalanced mobility and injection of charge carriers in metal‐halide perovskite light‐emitting devices pose severe limitations to the efficiency and response time of the electroluminescence. Modulation of gate bias in methylammonium lead iodide light‐emitting transistors has proven effective in increasing the brightness of light emission up to MHz frequencies. In this work, a new approach is developed to improve charge carrier injection and enhance electroluminescence of perovskite light‐emitting transistors by independent control of drain–source and gate–source bias voltages to compensate for space‐charge effects. Optimization of bias pulse synchronization induces a fourfold enhancement of the emission intensity. Interestingly, the optimal phase delay between biasing pulses depends on modulation frequency due to the capacitive nature of the devices, which is well captured by numerical simulations of an equivalent electrical circuit. These results provide new insights into the electroluminescence dynamics of AC‐driven perovskite light‐emitting transistors and demonstrate an effective strategy to optimize device performance through independent control of the amplitude, frequency, and phase of the biasing pulses.
Managing herbicide‐resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.] J.D. Sauer) seedbanks by integrating several management tactics
Authors: Schleich Austin H. , Licht Mark A. , Owen Micheal D. K. , Yadav Ramawatar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerbicide‐resistant waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.] J.D. Sauer) continues to threaten the productivity of many US crops. Thus, integrating non‐herbicidal tactics with herbicides to reduce weed seedbanks is gaining popularity. A field study was conducted near Logan, IA from fall 2021 to fall 2022 to evaluate the impacts of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop, herbicides, and harvest weed seed destruction on the waterhemp seedbank inputs. The cereal rye cover crop reduced waterhemp seed production by 90% compared to treatments without the cereal rye cover crop, while herbicides did not significantly affect waterhemp seed production. Furthermore, 96% of waterhemp seeds that entered the combine at harvest were destroyed and seed destruction effectiveness was not affected by cereal rye cover crop, herbicide program, or combine speed. Thus, cover crops and weed seed destruction are effective tactics to minimize waterhemp seedbank inputs. Waterhemp seed retention and combine header losses of waterhemp seeds were evaluated at harvest. Waterhemp seed retention was not affected by the cereal rye cover crop or herbicide programs. Only 30% of waterhemp seeds remained on the plant at harvest; the likely causes of seed shattering were late harvest and windy conditions prior to harvest. Waterhemp seed shattering from the combine header averaged 2.6% and was not affected by cover crop, herbicide program, or combine speed. These results support the inclusion of non‐herbicidal control tactics to reduce herbicide‐resistant waterhemp seedbanks and suggest the need for future research to optimize weed seed destruction.
Effects of genotype and environment on productivity and quality in Californian malting barley
Authors: Ramanan Maany , Nelsen Taylor , Lundy Mark , Fox Glen Patrick , Diepenbrock Christine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMalting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) productivity and grain quality are of critical importance to the malting and brewing industry. In this study, we analyzed 12 malting barley genotypes across 8 locations in California and 3 years (2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2020–2021). The effects of genotype (G), location (L), year (Y), and their interactions were assessed on grain yield (kg ha−1), grain protein content (%), individual‐grain weight (mg), thousand kernel weight (TKW; g), grain size (plump and thin; %), onset gelatinization temperature (GT; temperature at which starch starts to gelatinize), peak GT, offset GT, difference between onset and peak GT, and difference between peak and offset GT. L, Y, and their interaction explained the largest variance for all traits except TKW, peak GT, and difference between onset and peak GT, for which G explained the largest variance. Yield and plump (%) were weakly negatively correlated with onset and peak GT (Pearson's r of −0.15 to −0.21) but showed a positive correlation with the difference between peak and offset GT (Pearson's r of 0.37 and 0.36). The 2020–2021 samples formed partially distinct clusters in principal component analysis, mainly discriminated by high percentage of thins and high onset GT. These findings illustrate the key roles of G, L, and Y in determining malting barley productivity and quality.
Insight into the efficiency‐stability‐cost balanced organic solar cell based on a polymerized nonfused‐ring electron acceptor
Authors: Gu Xiaobin , Wei Yanan , Lu Guanyu , Han Ziyang , Zheng Di , Lu Guanghao , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Cai Yunhao , Zhang Xin , Huang Hui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted extensive attention from both academia and industry in recent years due to their remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, the Golden Triangle (the balance of efficiency‐stability‐cost) required for large‐scale industrialization of OSCs still remains a great challenge. Here, a new nonfused‐ring electron acceptor (NFREA) BF and its polymerized counterpart PBF were designed and synthesized, and their photovoltaic performance, storage stability and material cost were systematically investigated. When blended with a widely‐used polymer donor PBDB‐T, the PBF‐based all‐polymer solar cell (all‐PSC) displayed a record high PCE of 12.61% for polymerized NFREAs (PNFREAs) with an excellent stability (95.2% of initial PCE after 800 h storage), superior to the BF counterpart. Impressively, PBF‐based all‐PSC possesses the highest industrial figure‐of‐merit (i‐FOM) value of 0.309 based on an efficiency‐stability‐cost evaluation, in comparison to several representative OSC systems (such as PM6:Y6 and PBDB‐T:PZ1). This work provides an insight into the balance of efficiency, stability, and cost, and also indicates that the PNFREAs are promising materials toward the commercial application of OSCs.
A novel design of distribution zone in scaled‐up PEM fuel cells based on active control of transverse flow
Authors: Pan Weitong , Wang Bin , Tang Longfei , Gao Yunfei , Ding Lu , Dai Zhenghua , Chen Xueli , Wang Fuchen , Tu Shantung , Dai Gance 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe flow distribution is of significance to the fuel cell performance and durability, which has been studied from a theoretical and practical level in this work. The transverse‐flow‐control‐based mechanism behind flow distribution processes is revealed. The core lies in the reasonable generation and distribution of transverse flow, which are the prerequisite and co‐requisite for flow homogeneity. For the dual purpose, a novel design of combined‐mesh‐type distribution zone is proposed incorporating central horizontal meshes and lateral vertical meshes. The design philosophy and methodology are clarified. Under these guidelines, the novel distributor design is applied to different flow field plate geometries including the shorter distribution zone, higher expansion ratio, and scaled‐up fuel cell. Through organized and detailed simulations, two key geometrical parameters (porosities of central and lateral meshes) are quantified and the superior effect on flow distribution is validated.
A Molecular Z‐Scheme Artificial Photosynthetic System Under the Bias‐Free Condition for CO2 Reduction Coupled with Two‐electron Water Oxidation: Photocatalytic Production of CO/HCOOH and H2O2
Authors: Kuttassery Fazalurahman , Ohsaki Yutaka , Thomas Arun , Kamata Ryutaro , Ebato Yosuke , Kumagai Hiromu , Nakazato Ryosuke , Sebastian Abin , Mathew Siby , Tachibana Hiroshi , Ishitani Osamu , Inoue Haruo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBio‐inspired molecular‐engineered systems have been extensively investigated for the half‐reactions of H2O oxidation or CO2 reduction with sacrificial electron donors/acceptors. However, there has yet to be reported a device for dye‐sensitized molecular photoanodes coupled with molecular photocathodes in an aqueous solution without the use of sacrificial reagents. Herein, we will report the integration of SnIV‐ or AlIII‐tetrapyridylporphyrin (SnTPyP or AlTPyP) decorated tin oxide particles (SnTPyP/SnO2 or AlTPyP/SnO2) photoanode with the dye‐sensitized molecular photocathode on nickel oxide particles containing [Ru(diimine)3]2+ as the light‐harvesting unit and [Ru(diimine)(CO)2Cl2] as the catalyst unit covalently connected and fixed within poly‐pyrrole layer (RuCAT‐RuC2‐PolyPyr‐PRu/NiO). The simultaneous irradiation of the two photoelectrodes with visible light resulted in H2O2 on the anode and CO, HCOOH, and H2 on the cathode with high Faradaic efficiencies in purely aqueous conditions without any applied bias is the first example of artificial photosynthesis with only two‐electron redox reactions.
Electrochemical Gold‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Difunctionalization of C−C Multiple Bonds**
Authors: Kumar Anil , Shukla Khyati , Ahsan Salman , Paul Amit , Patil Nitin T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHerein, we disclose the first report of 1,2‐difunctionalization of C−C multiple bonds using electrochemical gold redox catalysis. By adopting the electrochemical strategy, the inherent π‐activation and cross‐coupling reactivity of gold catalysis are harnessed to develop the oxy‐alkynylation of allenoates under external‐oxidant‐free conditions. Detailed mechanistic investigations such as 31P NMR, control experiments, mass studies, and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis have been performed to support the proposed reaction mechanism.
Optimization of the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl pyrrolidone/polyacrylamide blend films using response surface methodology
Authors: Yazie Negese , Worku Delele , Gabbiye Nigus , Alemayehu Addisu , Getahun Zerihun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this study, we aimed at synthesizing polymeric materials consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) enhanced polyacrylamide (PAM) blend films and optimizing the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the synthesized polymeric blends. The PAM and PVP polymers were blended through solution casting techniques by varying PAM (0.3–1.2 g) and PVP (0.3–1 g) concentrations in parallel. The response surface methodology (RSM) experimental design, a mathematical and statistical method, was used to design the experiments, model the process, and determine the optimum concentrations of the blended films having the lowest Tg value. The polymeric blends were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to investigate their phase transition temperatures such as their Tg. Moreover, the polymeric blends with the lowest Tg values were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and UV–Vis spectroscopy to investigate the interactions existing between the parental polymers, the thermal stability, and the optical properties such as energy band gap of the parental polymers and optimized blended films respectively. It was found that Tg of the blended films was strongly dependent on the concentrations of the parental polymers, and PAM polymer exhibited a more pronounced effect on the Tg of the blended films. The Tg of the synthesized films declined when the parental polymers were blended at higher concentrations. The energy band gap and the thermal stability of the optimized blended films were lower than that of the parental polymers (i.e., 4.90 eV and 210°C). The DTG curve of the optimized blended films exhibited a maximum weight loss at 467°C. The RSM statistical analysis revealed a high regression coefficient (R2) of 0.970 for the Tg of the blended films, showing the experimental values analyzed are in good agreement with the developed model. Numerical optimization results showed that an optimum concentration of the blended films yielded the lowest Tg value of 83.63°C, which is close to the predicted Tg of 82.32°C, was achieved with 1.2 g of PAM and 1 g of PVP. The higher Tg value of the optimized blended films indicates that the polymer blends formed are highly brittle at room temperature when available in a dry state.
Synthesis of bio‐based modified amphoteric acrylate epoxy emulsion surface sizing agent via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Liu Jia , Cai Zhengchun , Ji Yongxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe synthesis of bio‐based modified amphoteric epoxy modified acrylate sizing emulsion based on reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and its application in paper sizing were studied. A macromolecular chain transfer agent for RAFT polymerization was synthesized by the esterification of epoxy resin E‐51 with RAFT agent to eliminate the active groups on RAFT agent. Amphoteric polymer emulsifiers with good emulsification and dispersion effects in acidic and alkaline media were successfully prepared by RAFT polymerization. After neutralization, other monomers were polymerized to access cationic sizing emulsion (acid neutralization) and anionic sizing emulsion (alkali neutralization). The effects of bio‐based monomer content, hydrophilic monomer dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM) content and degree of quaternization on the properties of sizing emulsion and sizing paper were further explored. In addition to the particle size and polymer dispersion index (PDI) of latex particles in different experimental groups, the water resistance, folding resistance, bursting strength, tensile strength and surface roughness of sized paper were analyzed and evaluated. Based on these results, a better sizing emulsion formulation was established. It was confirmed that the addition of bio‐based monomers can improve the sizing performance of paper.
Ultrasonic‐Assisted Electrochemical Nanoimprint Lithography: Forcing Mass Transfer to Enhance the Localized Etching Rate of GaAs
Authors: Liu Bing , Han Lianhuan , Xu Hantao , Su Jian‐Jia , Zhan Dongping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectrochemical nanoimprint lithography (ECNL) has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating three‐dimensional micro/nano‐structures (3D‐MNSs) directly on semiconductor wafers. This technique is based on a localized corrosion reaction induced by the contact potential across the metal/semiconductor boundaries. The anodic etching of semiconductor and the cathodic reduction of electron acceptors occur at the metal/semiconductor/electrolyte interface and the Pt mold surface, respectively. However, the etching rate is limited by the mass transfer of species in the ultrathin electrolyte layer between the mold and the workpiece. To overcome this challenge, we introduce the ultrasonics effect into the ECNL process to facilitate the mass exchange between the ultrathin electrolyte layer and the bulk solution, thereby improving the imprinting efficiency. Experimental investigations demonstrate a positive linear relationship between the reciprocal of the area duty ratio of the mold and the imprinting efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of ultrasonics improves the imprinting efficiency by approximately 80 %, irrespective of the area duty ratio. The enhanced imprinting efficiency enables the fabrication of 3D‐MNSs with higher aspect ratios, resulting in a stronger light trapping effect. These results indicate the prospective applications of ECNL in semiconductor functional devices, such as photoelectric detection and photovoltaics.
Synthesis of gem‐Difluorinated Isoxazoles via Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxylallylation of Alkynone Oxime Ethers
Authors: Li Jianxiao , Hong Chenjing , Niu Yanan , Wang Bowen , Xiong Wenfang , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA novel and reliable palladium‐catalyzed oxylallylation of alkynone oxime ethers with fluorine‐containing alkenes was accomplished. Using the bulk industrial chemical 3‐bromo‐3,3‐difluoroprop‐1‐ene as the coupling partner, this synthetic methodology offers the first example for the assembly of structurally diverse gem‐difluorinated isoxazole derivatives in moderate to good yields with high atom‐ and step‐economy and excellent functional group compatibility. More importantly, this strategy allows for the direct combination of the isoxazole motifs and gem‐difluoroalkene unit, which is not easy to obtain through a general synthetic strategy.
Optimal controls of impulsive fractional stochastic differential systems driven by Rosenblatt process with state‐dependent delay
Authors: Dhayal Rajesh , Malik Muslim , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we study a new class of noninstantaneous impulsive fractional stochastic differential systems driven by the Rosenblatt process with state‐dependent delay. We utilized the ‐resolvent family, fixed point technique, and solution operator to present the solvability of the proposed system. Further, we derived the existence of optimal multicontrol pairs for the considered system. Finally, the main results are validated with the aid of an example.