bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elemental characterization of aPuma concolorfossil by non‐destructive X‐ray techniques
Authors: dos Santos C. M. S. F. F. , Moraes‐Neto C. R. , Araújo O. M. O. , Machado A. S. , dos Santos R. S. , Anjos M. J. , Salles L. O. , Oliveira D. F. , Lopes R. T. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOver the lifetime of an animal, metabolic processes in the body maintain bone tissues in a dynamic state of equilibrium. After the death of the organism, bone tissues undergo diagenesis, an intense transformation that affects its physicochemical constitution. Although many recent works have greatly contributed to the understanding of the processes surrounding diagenesis, there is still much yet to be understood about this multifaceted phenomena. In this work, XRF and microCT were used to characterize the specimen elemental configuration and investigate the fossilization process of a recoveredPuma concolor(cranium, mandible and teeth elements), found submerged in a lake in the Impossível‐Ioiô Cave System (Bahia, Brazil). MicroCT enabled the identification of the density distribution throughout the specimens, which were used as reference to XRF analyses. The XRF spectra of the analyzed specimen showed the presence of 11 elements: P, Cl, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Y and Hg. Yttrium counts proved to be regular throughout the specimen surface and decreased in the interface between bone surface and interior, evidencing their correspondence to sample environmental exposure. Furthermore, a correlation between fossil surface coloration, element configuration and density is presented. The relatively low presence of Fe and Y in the enamel elicits its elementary and structural preservation. The combined results contribute to the understanding of the physicochemical process of paleomastozoological fossilization, further enriching the comprehension of the process of fossilization in a submerged environment.
Marine Bioprospecting: Understanding the Activity and Some Challenges Related to Environmental Protection, Scientific Research, Ethics, and the Law
Authors: Bekiari Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMarine bioprospecting is an activity that has only been developed recently. The term refers to the exploration and commercial exploitation of marine genetic resources. It is a promising but also highly controversial activity, which is expected to experience significant growth in the next decades, offering vast economic and commercial profits. At the same time, it raises several environmental, scientific, ethical, and legal challenges that will need to be addressed. In order to increase understanding about marine bioprospecting and its overall impact, this paper aims to shed more light on the activity and briefly present some of the resulting challenges.
Fighting Listeria monocytogenes with Bacteriophages: Biotechnology for Food Safety
Authors: Estorninho Maria João , Teixeira Paula 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are many nature-based antimicrobial solutions that could be used to decrease food spoilage and increase food safety. The use of bacteriophages (phages), viruses that infect bacteria but not human, animal or plant cells, is an example of a biotechnological approach for food preservation. Bacteriophage P100, marketed as LISTEX, was the first bacteriophage product to be Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) by the US FDA. This phage is active against the foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, responsible for a severe infection in the elderly, neonates and the immunocompromised. In this article, ECJ Case T-568/19, Micreos Food Safety BV vs European Commission, is analysed as a starting point for a discussion on whether a novel legal approach to the use of phages in the European Union is needed.
Scientific Knowledge: Its Impacts on Judicial Decision-Making and International Law in the Era of Sustainability
Authors: Sipiorski Emily 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScience has become a tool for taking decisions in international (as well as domestic) disputes and acts to ensure the relevance of global ecological responsibility. This role of science has become particularly relevant as the sustainable development narrative has grown into a predominant form of global cooperation. The following contribution looks specifically at the role of decision-makers, including judges and arbitrators, and their interaction with scientific knowledge during the decision-making process in international (economic) disputes. Beginning with early cross-border environmental disputes and tracing the increasing inclusion of scientific inputs over the past decades, the contribution critically examines the role of judges in integrating expert inputs into legal decisions and its impact on achieving a more ecologically aware application of the law.
Climate Change and Sustainability
Authors: Santos Filipe Duarte , Ferreira Paulo Lopes , Pedersen Jiesper Strandsbjerg Tristan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe chapter discusses the challenge of global climate change and its relationship with sustainability. Following a brief review of the origin, principal drivers and current situation of climate change, an analysis of recent developments in climate change ethics and climate justice and their influence on climate change global policies is presented. We argue that the heterogeneous global climate movement has captured the world’s attention and will probably influence the future course of events. Finally, the chapter addresses the essential role of climate change action in achieving global sustainability and focuses on the interdependency between global inequalities and economic growth. The compatibility of mainstream neoclassical economics (MNE) with the rapid mitigation needed to reach the Paris Agreement temperature goals is discussed. Although far from optimal MNE mitigation policies, world climate change policies are strongly influenced by the global dominance of neoclassical economics.
Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction
Authors: Papanicolopulu Irini 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAreas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), which include both the high seas and the seabed area beyond the external limit of the continental shelf, cover more than half of our planet’s surface. They contain a wealth of living resources and play a crucial role in many earth processes, making their protection necessary for the current and future generations. However, the current regulatory framework has proven insufficient to address the many threats that endanger ABNJ. This chapter will present the current legal framework purporting to protect marine biodiversity in ABNJ and will assess its actual reach. It will then briefly discuss the current, ongoing negotiations at the United Nations, aimed at the adoption of a legally binding instrument to protect ABNJ, and will conclude with some thoughts on the role and limits of ABNJ protection through international law instruments.
Connected and automated driving: The Long Level 4
Authors: Mitteregger Mathias , Banerjee Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis volume comes at the conclusion of four years of research at TU Wien made possible by the Daimler and Benz Foundation. During this time, assessment of the potential and impact of connected and automated vehicles underwent a fundamental transformation. The findings of the core team and of the international authors of this volume have contributed to this process in various ways.
New governance concepts for digitalization: Challenges and potentials
Authors: Hamedinger Alexander 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe term “governance” is generally understood to mean the steering and coordination of actions and its broadest definition encompasses various forms and their processes (cf. Gailing/ Hamedinger 2019). They range from official, i.e. state-run, top-down steering and coordination to forms of self-steering without state actors (Mayntz/Scharpf 1995, Blatter 2007). This understanding of governance is grounded in social theory and differs from a narrower understanding sthat emphasizes the shift from state forms of steering and coordination.
Data-driven urbanism, digital platforms and the planning of MaaS in times of deep uncertainty: What does it mean for CAVs?
Authors: Banerjee Ian , Jittrapirom Peraphan , Dangschat Jens S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper offers a critical review of three coevolving socio-technical paradigms: (a) “data-driven urbanism”, (b) digital platforms and (c) “Mobility-as-a-Service” (MaaS). It explores the complex relationship unfolding between data-driven cities and digital platforms, while drawing on MaaS as a case to discuss the challenges of implementing mobility services via digital platforms. Inferences are drawn from the ongoing debate accompanying these three paradigms to identify potential criteria for the design of socially accountable governance models for the deployment of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs).
Connected and automated driving in the context of a sustainable transport and mobility transformation
Authors: Stickler Andrea , Dangschat Jens S. , Banerjee Ian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUnder what conditions can connected and automated transport (CAT) help bring about sustainable mobility? This question has been at the focus of interest of the interdisciplinary research group AVENUE21 from the outset. In view of today’s global challenges, no technologies or business models should be permitted that generate further traffic and exacerbate the urban, ecological and social problems faced by today’s transport system (cf. Mitteregger et al. 2022). This volume highlights the opportunities and risks of connected and automated vehicles in the transition to sustainable mobility and derives action plans, above all for policymakers and planning bodies.
Delivery robots as a solution for the last mile in the city?
Authors: Leerkamp Bert , Soteropoulos Aggelos , Berger Martin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrban freight transport is assuming an increasingly important role in the field of urban mobility as well as in urban transport policy, as e-commerce is booming: with the advance of digitalization, goods are increasingly being ordered via the internet, with a resulting sharp increase in delivery transport volumes (cf. Muschkiet/Schückhaus 2019: 358; German Federal Government 2019: 44f.). New sustainable solutions and concepts are therefore needed in urban logistics, with the last mile in particular posing a major challenge due to a lack of bundling and the great effort involved (cf. Gerdes/Heinemann 2019: 399; Buthe et al. 2018: 30; Lierow/Wisotzky 2019). At the same time, new delivery media are emerging, such as delivery robots (cf. Baum et al. 2019: 2455; Jennings/ Figliozzi 2019: 317), which are seen as having great potential for the last mile.
Introduction: The Vulnerability and Transformation of Indonesian Peatlands
Authors: Mizuno Kosuke , Fujita Motoko S. , Kozan Osamu , Itoh Masayuki , Shiodera Satomi , Naito Daisuke , Suzuki Haruka , Gunawan Haris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTropical peat swamp forests that started to experience fires in the 1960s in Sumatra and in the 1980s in Kalimantan are now seriously degraded in many places in Indonesia. But from a longer perspective, we can see the tropical peat swamp forests’ resilience and adaptation. There have been several reports on how deep local knowledge has helped curb further degradation of these forests. Large-scale commercial logging had been undertaken in the Riau area in Sumatra in the 1860s; however, no serious peatland degradation and large-scale fires were reported until the end of the colonial era. Truly serious degradation started only in the middle of the 1980s when large-scale drainage systems were created to support the extensive cultivation of oil palm and timber plantations. Serious fires broke out in 1997, and in 2015 at the time of El Niño. Today only 18.4% of total peatlands in Indonesia are undisturbed natural peatland forests. We also find several initiatives to restore degraded peatlands. For one thing, the government has established the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG) to coordinate the acceleration of peatland restoration and promote the welfare of local people in the peatland area. For another, international organizations, companies, nongovernment organizations, and local communities also have started their respective programs to rehabilitate the peatlands. Such developments can be interpreted as attempts at transformation, that is, the creation of a fundamentally new system in response to ecological, economic, or social (including political) conditions that render the existing system untenable. This volume intends to reshape the discussion on peatland degradation and regeneration with the ideas of vulnerability, resilience, adaptability and transformation, and deepen the understanding of degradation and regeneration.
Peatland Degradation, Timber Plantations, and Land Titles in Sumatra
Authors: Mizuno Kosuke , Masuda Kazuya , Syahza Almasdi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeatlands in Riau, Sumatra were relatively untouched by development or deforestation until at least the beginning of the 1970s. But today these landscapes are seriously degraded, with fires breaking out almost every year. Why and how has it come to this? This study attempts to make clear the relationships between the establishment of timber plantation, construction of large-scale drainage infrastructure, peatland degradation, in-migration, increasing fire events, and abandonment of peatland. This study highlights land rights as a factor that may either promote peatland degradation or motivate local people to manage degraded peatlands to better ends. It shows how large-scale drainage introduced by timber plantations since 1990s led to peatland desiccation in Riau, leading to fire events outside the plantation concession areas. Local people reacted to fire by logging and distributing parcels of peatland swamp forest outside the concession to secure land rights and to stop further concession giving to companies by the government. These activities in turn promoted peatland degradation, increasing the incidence of fire and abandonment of peatland. Local people’s scramble to secure land rights promoted peatland degradation, but as soon as they obtained land titles they managed the burned lands well. On the other hand, land distributed land without title tended to be abandoned after fires. The intrusion of timber plantations and land distribution also promoted in-migration, which contributed to peatland degradation. One of the reasons why people could distribute these peat swamp forests among themselves was poor governmental management of state forest lands, as the boundaries between the state and nonstate forests remained unclear, especially for the local people.
Impact of Industrial Tree Plantation on Ground-Dwelling Mammals and Birds in a Peat Swamp Forest in Sumatra
Authors: Samejima Hiromitsu , Fujita Motoko S. , Muhammad Ahmad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPeat swamp forests are one of the unique ecosystems of Southeast Asia. These forests are not only a large carbon stock, but also a refuge for rich biodiversity. To understand the faunal composition and the effect of land-use changes in peat swamp forests, we investigated ground-dwelling mammals and birds using camera traps in a natural peat swamp forest and acacia forests planted in two industrial tree plantations in the Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, Riau, Indonesia, in the Island of Sumatra.We obtained a total of 1856 records, comprising 23 species and including 11 vulnerable or endangered species, in ten plots. The range of mean trapping rates (number of records per 100 camera working days) of all animals in each plot in natural peat swamp forests were 9.22–51.85 (mean: 29.16) and 8.75–31.76 (16.42) in the wildlife reserve and protected area of the plantations respectively. The range in planted acacia forest was 2.29–6.38 (4.02). Few species were recorded in the planted acacia forests, and the species composition was different from that in the natural peat swamp forests. These differences indicate that conversion from natural peat swamp forests to planted acacia forest through development of industrial tree plantations resulting in decreased density and species richness of ground-dwelling mammals and birds. Because the ground-dwelling mammal and bird community in natural peat swamp forest is vulnerable to land use change, conservation of the remnant natural peat swamp forests and appropriate landscape design of industrial tree plantations are considered important to maintain the ecosystem.
Patterns of CO2 Emission from a Drained Peatland in Kampar Peninsula, Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Saptomo Satyanto Krido , Setiawan Budi Indra , Chadirin Yudi , Osawa Kazutoshi , Nagano Toshihide , Mizuno Kosuke , Novarina Dian , Sudarman Susilo , Aruan Aulia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIt was crucial to acquire soil CO2 flux data from a bare peatland site in Kampar Peninsula, Riau Province, Indonesia so as to evaluate the carbon budget of the site in which water is managed, drained, and utilized for acacia plantation. CO2 flux was continuously measured from July 2012 to February 2013 using an automatic soil CO2 flux measurement system. In this study, the factors affecting carbon emission were analyzed and tested for indirect CO2 flux estimation, and the results showed that CO2 flux varied with weather, water, and soil-related variables, and where there was rainfall, soil temperature and soil moisture both played an important role. CO2 flux was modeled using an artificial neural network (ANN) approach with inputs of soil moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC) as proxy variables. Based on the measurements, the total carbon dioxide (CO2) emission during the measurement period from July 2012 to June 2013 was 52.25 t ha−1. Total CO2 emission in 2012 was estimated as 54.86 t ha−1 using the ANN model. Furthermore, the results generated by the model showed that levels of CO2 flux declined as the temperature decreased, and soil moisture increased toward soil water saturation.
Termite: Friend or Foe? Conservation Values of Termites in Tropical Peat Systems
Authors: Neoh Kok-Boon , Muhammad Ahmad , Itoh Masayuki , Kozan Osamu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTermites are the major ecosystem service providers and contribute significantly to soil processes and nutrient cycling in tropical ecosystems. The ecological services provided by termites are often discredited due to their commonly-regarded status as pest in human-dominated landscapes, however. In order to understand the potential roles of termites in peatland ecosystems, termite samplings were conducted in abandoned degraded peatland and peatland cultivated with oil palm in Riau, Sumatra. Surveys found a total of six species of termite of the family Rhinotermitidae. (rhinotermitid) in study plots of disturbed lands. In particular,Coptotermesspp.are notorious pests to oil palm, and may also be a potential pest in indigenous tree replanting programs. Based on analysis of termite feeding groups and documentation of wood susceptibility to termite attack, this study provides a reference of tree species that must be avoided in indigenous tree replanting programs so that the trophic relations of termite populations are of most benefit to peatland soil biodiversity and thereby to resilient peatland ecosystems.
Collective dynamics and the Anderson-Higgs mechanism in a bona fide holographic superconductor
Authors: Jeong Hyun-Sik , Baggioli Matteo , Kim Keun-Young , Sun Ya-Wen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The holographic superconductor is one of the most popular models in the context of applied holography. Despite what its name suggests, it does not describe a superconductor. On the contrary, the low temperature phase of its dual field theory is a superfluid with a spontaneously broken U(1) global symmetry. As already observed in the previous literature, a bona fide holographic superconductor can be constructed using mixed boundary conditions for the bulk gauge field. By exploiting this prescription, we study the near-equilibrium collective dynamics in the Higgs phase and reveal the characteristic features of the Anderson-Higgs mechanism. We show that second sound disappears from the spectrum and the gauge field acquires a finite energy gap of the order of the plasma frequency. We observe an overdamped to underdamped crossover for the Higgs mode which acquires a finite energy gap below ≈ Tc/2, with Tc the superconducting critical temperature. Interestingly, the energy gap of the Higgs mode at low temperature is significantly smaller than 2∆, with ∆ the superconducting energy gap. Finally, we interpret our results using Ginzburg-Landau theory and we confirm the validity of previously derived perturbative analytic expressions.
SIMPly add a dark photon
Authors: Braat Pieter , Postma Marieke 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Pions of a dark sector gauge group can be strongly interacting massive particle (SIMP) dark matter, produced by the freeze-out of 3 → 2 interactions, with naturally large self-interactions. We study if adding a dark photon to the set-up can do it all: i) maintain thermalization with the visible sector, ii) resonantly enhance the 3 → 2 interactions, thus allowing for a perturbative pion description, and iii) provide a velocity dependent self-interaction that can affect small scale structure formation. For Nf = 3 this minimal setup is marginally excluded, as the required kinetic mixing is too small to maintain thermal equilibrium with the SM. Adding an extra dark quark opens up parameter space, and — perhaps somewhat surprisingly — we find that all bounds can be satisfied for dark pion masses mπ ∼ 250 − 600 MeV. Dropping the small scale structure requirement iii), a viable setup is reproduced for dark charges of αd = 0.01 − 1 and a dark pion mass mπ ≥ 30 MeV. Late time annihilations are non-negligible making the SIMP dark pion a bit WIMPy.
Matching and event-shape NNDL accuracy in parton showers
Authors: Hamilton Keith , Karlberg Alexander , Salam Gavin P. , Scyboz Ludovic , Verheyen Rob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To explore the interplay of NLO matching and next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) parton showers, we consider the simplest case of γ* and Higgs-boson decays to $$ q\overline{q} $$
q

q
¯

and gg respectively. Not only should shower NLL accuracy be retained across observables after matching, but for global event-shape observables and the two-jet rate, matching can augment the shower in such a way that it additionally achieves next-to-next-to-double-logarithmic (NNDL) accuracy, a first step on the route towards general NNLL. As a proof-of-concept exploration of this question, we consider direct application of multiplicative matrix-element corrections, as well as simple implementations of MC@NLO and POWHEG-style matching. We find that the first two straightforwardly bring NNDL accuracy, and that this can also be achieved with POWHEG, although particular care is needed in the handover between POWHEG and the shower. Our study involves both analytic and numerical components and we also touch on some phenomenological considerations.