bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Expenditures on Durable Goods: The Role of New-Product Quality
Authors: Bertolotti Fabio , Gavazza Alessandro , Lanteri Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study the role of new-product quality for the dynamics of durable-good expenditures around the Great Recession. We assemble a rich dataset on US new-car markets during 2004–12, combining data on transaction prices with detailed information about vehicles’ technical characteristics. During the recession, a reallocation of expenditures away from high-quality new models accounts for a significant decline in the dispersion of expenditures. In turn, car manufacturers introduced new models of lower quality. The drop in new-model quality persistently depressed the technology embodied in vehicles, and likely contributed to the slow recovery of expenditures.
Revealing the small proteome ofHaloferax volcaniiby combining ribosome profiling and small-protein optimized mass spectrometry
Authors: Hadjeras Lydia , Bartel Jürgen , Maier Lisa-Katharina , Maaß Sandra , Vogel Verena , Svensson Sarah L , Eggenhofer Florian , Gelhausen Rick , Müller Teresa , Alkhnbashi Omer S , Backofen Rolf , Becher Dörte , Sharma Cynthia M , Marchfelder Anita 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn contrast to extensively studied prokaryotic ‘small’ transcriptomes (encompassing all small noncoding RNAs), small proteomes (here defined as including proteins ≤70 aa) are only now entering the limelight. The absence of a complete small protein catalogue in most prokaryotes precludes our understanding of how these molecules affect physiology. So far, archaeal genomes have not yet been analyzed broadly with a dedicated focus on small proteins. Here, we present a combinatorial approach, integrating experimental data from small protein-optimized mass spectrometry (MS) and ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq), to generate a high confidence inventory of small proteins in the model archaeon Haloferax volcanii. We demonstrate by MS and Ribo-seq that 67% of the 317 annotated small open reading frames (sORFs) are translated under standard growth conditions. Furthermore, annotation-independent analysis of Ribo-seq data showed ribosomal engagement for 47 novel sORFs in intergenic regions. A total of seven of these were also detected by proteomics, in addition to an eighth novel small protein solely identified by MS. We also provide independent experimental evidence in vivo for the translation of 12 sORFs (annotated and novel) using epitope tagging and western blotting, underlining the validity of our identification scheme. Several novel sORFs are conserved in Haloferax species and might have important functions. Based on our findings, we conclude that the small proteome of H. volcanii is larger than previously appreciated, and that combining MS with Ribo-seq is a powerful approach for the discovery of novel small protein coding genes in archaea.
Streptomycesdevelopment is involved in the efficient containment of viral infections
Authors: Luthe Tom , Kever Larissa , Hänsch Sebastian , Hardy Aël , Tschowri Natalia , Weidtkamp-Peters Stefanie , Frunzke Julia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe formation of plaques represents the hallmark of phage infection visualizing the clearance of the bacterial lawn in structured environments. In this study, we have addressed the impact of cellular development on phage infection in Streptomyces undergoing a complex developmental life cycle. Analysis of plaque dynamics revealed, after a period of plaque size enlargement, a significant regrowth of transiently phage-resistant Streptomyces mycelium into the lysis zone. Analysis of Streptomyces venezuelae mutant strains defective at different stages of cellular development indicated that this regrowth was dependent on the onset of the formation of aerial hyphae and spores at the infection interface. Mutants restricted to vegetative growth (ΔbldN) featured no significant constriction of plaque area. Fluorescence microscopy further confirmed the emergence of a distinct zone of cells/spores with reduced cell permeability towards propidium iodide staining at the plaque periphery. Mature mycelium was further shown to be significantly less susceptible to phage infection, which is less pronounced in strains defective in cellular development. Transcriptome analysis revealed the repression of cellular development at the early stages of phage infection probably facilitating efficient phage propagation. We further observed an induction of the chloramphenicol biosynthetic gene cluster highlighting phage infection as a trigger of cryptic metabolism in Streptomyces. Altogether, our study emphasizes cellular development and the emergence of transient phage resistance as an important layer of Streptomyces antiviral immunity.
Direct estimation ofVS30 using spatial autocorrelation and centreless circular array coefficient curves obtained from microtremor array data
Authors: Hayashida Takumi , Yokoi Toshiaki , Nepal Nityam , Olivar Mónica 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYThe average S-wave velocity (VS) in the upper 30 m (VS30) is a proxy for seismic wave amplification. Microtremor array exploration is one of the available methods for site characterization, but the recorded data require complicated processing that can lead to different estimations of VS30 depending on the analyst and processing software. We propose a method of estimating VS30 by using derivatives obtained in the early stages of microtremor array data processing. Statistical analysis with 2376 virtually generated subsurface VS structure models revealed that the frequencies at which the spatial-autocorrelation (SPAC) coefficients and centreless circular array (CCA) coefficients take specific values strongly correlate with VS30, which we used to develop formulas for estimating VS30. Numerical validations using actual VS profiles at 616 sites in Japan showed that the proposed method could estimate VS30 with a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 57–80 m/s with SPAC coefficients and 56m/s with CCA coefficients. Our proposed methods were applicable for 98–100 per cent of theVS profiles when we limited our estimation to sites with VS30 &lt; 760 m/s. The results indicated that SPAC coefficients from arrays with radii of 8–20 m can be used for VS30 estimation and are less affected by incoherent noise. In contrast, CCA coefficients are much more sensitive to incoherent noise, which resulted in the overestimation of VS30. The estimated VS30 values from the recorded microtremor array data were in good agreement with the reference values from the actual VS profiles. The proposed method allows for robust and efficient VS30 estimation without relying on the analyst’s skills or software.
A mass conserving filter based on diffusion for gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) spherical harmonics solutions
Authors: Goux O , Pfeffer J , Blazquez A , Weaver A T , Ablain M 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYOver the past two decades, the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and GRACE Follow-On mission (GRACE-FO) have provided monthly measurements of the gravity field as sets of Stokes coefficients, referred to as spherical harmonics solutions. The variations of the gravity field can be used to infer mass variations on the surface of the Earth, mostly driven by the redistribution of water. However, unconstrained GRACE and GRACE-FO solutions are affected by strong correlated errors, easily identified as stripes along the north–south direction in the spatial domain. Here, we develop a filter based on the principle of diffusion to remove correlated errors and access the underlying geophysical signals. In contrast to many filters developed for this task, diffusion filters allow a spatially variable level of filtering that can be adapted to match spatially variable signal-to-noise ratios. Most importantly, the formalism of diffusion allows the implementation of boundary conditions, which can be used to prevent any flux through the coastlines during the filtering step. As mass conservation is enforced in the filter, global indicators such as trends in the global mean ocean mass are preserved. Compared with traditional filters, diffusion filters ensure the consistency of the solution at global and regional scales for ocean applications. Because leakage errors occurring during the filtering step are suppressed, better agreement is found when comparing diffusion-filtered spherical harmonic solutions with mascon solutions and independent estimates based on altimetry and in situ data.
Functional and Behavioral Trade-Offs between Terrestrial and Aquatic Locomotion in the Amphibious Fish Kryptolebias marmoratus
Authors: Axlid E G , Lewis P D , Carroll T J , Minicozzi M R 
Published: January 2023

Synopsis
The mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) is a phenotypically plastic teleost fish that can spend considerable time on land and traverse the terrestrial realm through a behavior termed the tail-flip jump. The tail-flip jump is a transitional stage between fully aquatic and terrestrial lifestyles. Therefore, understanding this behavior can provide insight into how organisms adapt to new environments over evolutionary time. Studies of K. marmoratus show that terrestrial acclimation and exercise improve tail-flip jumping performance due to muscle remodeling, but the implications of these muscular changes on aquatic locomotion are unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that (1) terrestrial acclimation and exercise lead to physiological changes, such as changes to muscle fiber type, muscle mass distribution, or body shape, that optimize tail-flip jump distance and endurance while negatively impacting swimming performance in K. marmoratus, and (2) plasticity of the brain (which has been demonstrated in response to a variety of stimuli in K. marmoratus) allows terrestrial emersion and exercise to cause behavioral changes that promote survival and long-term reproductive success. To test these hypotheses, we measured the critical swimming speed (Ucrit), tail-flip jump distance, terrestrial endurance, and undisturbed aquatic behavior of age- and size-matched K. marmoratus before and after a terrestrial exercise period. This period consisted of six 3-min exercise sessions spread over 12 days, during which the fish were prompted to jump continuously. To isolate the effects of air exposure, a separate group was exposed to air for an equivalent period but not allowed to jump. Air exposure improved maximum jump distance but negatively affected swimming performance (Ucrit). Terrestrial endurance (number of jumps) improved in the exercised group, but Ucrit showed no significant change. Contrary to our first hypothesis, a trade-off exists between jump distance and Ucrit but not between jump endurance and Ucrit. Exercised individuals were more active following exercise, resulting either from the onset of dispersion behavior or a heightened stress response.
Impacts of the match-mismatch hypothesis across three trophic levels—a case study in the North Sea
Authors: Ferreira A Sofia A , Neuheimer Anna B , Durant Joël M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSustainable fishery practices require accurate predictions of fish recruitment—the abundance of a new year class entering a fishery. A key driver of recruitment is the impact predator-prey dynamics experienced during early life stages has on their survival at later stages, as in the Match-Mismatch Hypothesis (MMH). MMH states that predator survival depends on the match (or mismatch) between the timing of predator feeding and that of prey availability. This study aims to understand how predator-prey spatio-temporal overlap explains the variation in a pelagic fish population. We explore the predator-prey overlap between each pair of three trophic levels in the North Sea (NS) from 1982–2017: herring (Clupea harengus) larvae, zooplankton (Temora longicornis, Oithona sp.,Pseudocalanus spp., and Acartia spp.), and a phytoplankton index. We found that MMH explained 23% of recruitment (1-year-old) of NS autumn-spawning (NSAS) herring, performed similarly (21–26%) when using different trophic levels, and that there was a spatial pattern in both the overlap and the negative relationship between the overlap and recruitment, similar to the variation of habitat use of NS herring. Our results characterize how the MMH, including spatial variability, plays in controlling herring recruitment, while also considering unexplained variation for future study.
From Fairies to Giants: Untangling the Effect of Body Size, Phylogeny, and Ecology on Vertebral Bone Microstructure of Xenarthran Mammals
Authors: Zack E H , Smith S M , Angielczyk K D 
Published: January 2023

SynopsisTrabecular bone is a spongy bone tissue that serves as a scaffolding-like support inside many skeletal elements. Previous research found allometric variation in some aspects of trabecular bone architecture (TBA) and bone microstructure, whereas others scale isometrically. However, most of these studies examined very wide size and phylogenetic ranges or focused exclusively on primates or lab mice. We examined the impact of body size on TBA across a smaller size range in the mammalian clade Xenarthra (sloths, armadillos, and anteaters). We µCT-scanned the last six presacral vertebrae of 23 xenarthran specimens (body mass 120 g–35 kg). We collected ten gross-morphology measurements and seven TBA metrics and analyzed them using phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic methods. Most metrics had similar allometries to previous work. However, because ecology and phylogeny align closely in Xenarthra, the phylogenetic methods likely removed some covariance due to ecology; clarifying the impact of ecology on TBA in xenarthrans requires further work. Regressions for Folivora had high P-values and low R-squared values, indicating that the extant sloth sample either is too limited to determine patterns or that the unique way sloths load their vertebral columns causes unusually high TBA variation. The southern three-banded armadillo sits far below the regression lines, which may be related to its ability to roll into a ball. Body size, phylogeny, and ecology impact xenarthran TBA, but parsing these effects is highly complex.
Compliance in Time: Lessons from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights
Authors: Pérez-Liñán Aníbal , Schenoni Luis , Morrison Kelly 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper integrates the scholarship on compliance with international human rights courts to reflect upon how the literature approaches delays and compliance cycles. Building on this review, we propose a new analytical approach that helps distinguish between reparations prone to immediate or protracted implementation. We introduce two metrics to facilitate the interpretation of delays: the yearly probability of compliance and the expected time to compliance. We also show, using machine-learning tools, how scholars can reconstruct life cycles of compliance. The article illustrates the utility of this approach with an analysis of all cases decided by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR) between 1989 and 2019. This analytical framework provides critical insights for courts and activists seeking to promote interventions at key moments when compliance is most likely. Moreover, the study underscores important lessons for the Inter-American Human Rights System. Current concerns about a compliance “crisis” at the IACtHR partly reflect a failure to distinguish between reparation types and the Court's preference for reparations requiring protracted implementation. By modeling compliance life cycles, our study opens a promising research avenue that can facilitate effectual and timely policy intervention.
Regime Complexity as an Asset? The Negotiations of the Arms Trade Treaty
Authors: Panke Diana , Friedrichs Gordon M 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is an important milestone in reducing the illicit trade of arms but was highly unlikely to be negotiated and passed. Major powers and states exporting and importing arms were not keen on universally binding regulations, leading to political stalemate in the initial negotiation arena, the Conference on Disarmament. This article investigates under which conditions regime complexity had a positive influence on the ATT negotiation dynamics and result. We distinguish between two types of regime complexity, each providing states with a distinct window of opportunity during international negotiations: horizontal regime complexity can allow states to overcome negotiation gridlock by changing the institutional conditions for passing an agreement. Vertical regime complexity can allow regional organizations to turn into agents of change by bringing in experiences gained on the regional level to the international negotiation table. Our empirical analysis of the ATT negotiations revealed critical scope conditions under which both forms of regime complexity function properly, allowing the negotiations to overcome negotiation gridlock and resulting in the passing of the accord beyond a lowest common denominator. The article contributes to the rich and vibrant scholarship in regime complexity and global governance complexes by making a novel analytical distinction between horizontal and vertical regime complexity and by identifying the opportunity structures under which regime complexity can have positive effects on the negotiation and outcome of international treaties.
Why Rules Matter: Shaping Security Council Sanctions Policy in Counterterrorism and Beyond
Authors: Dörfler Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSanctions are critical to the Security Council's efforts to fight terrorism. What is striking is that the Council's sanctions regimes are subject to detailed sets of rules and decision criteria. The scholarship on human rights in counterterrorism assumes that rights advocacy and court litigation have prompted this development. The article complements this literature by highlighting an unexplored internal driver of legal-regulatory decision-making and explores how mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members have affected the extent of committee regulations and the content of decisions taken by sanctions committees. Based on internal documents and diplomatic cables, a comparative analysis of the Iraq sanctions regime and the counterterrorism sanctions regime demonstrates that mixed-motive interest constellations among Security Council members provide incentives to elaborate rules to guide decision-making resulting in legal-regulatory sanctions governance, even if the human rights of targeted individuals are not at stake. For comparative leverage and to assess the limits of the proposed mechanism, the analysis is briefly extended to other sanctions regimes targeting individuals (Democratic Republic of the Congo and Sudan). The findings have implications for this essential tool of the Security Council to react to threats to peace as diverse as counterterrorism, nonproliferation, and internal armed conflict.
Cyberattacks, Psychological Distress, and Military Escalation: An Internal Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shandler Ryan , Gross Michael L , Canetti Daphna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo what extent can cyberattacks wreak havoc and terrorize modern society? Until now, this question has revolved around the potential of cyber operations to cause physical destruction or other material harm. In this paper, we propose a broader interpretation. We submit that assessing cyber-threats through the prism of physical destruction has obscured the human dimension of the threat. Instead, we propose calculating the gravity of cyberattacks by measuring psychological distress. This approach recognizes that even seemingly inconsequential cyberattacks can levy tremendous damage by traumatizing civilians, undermining societal cohesion, and exacerbating cycles of violence. To test whether cyberattacks cause significant individual harm, we employ an internal meta-analysis looking at eighteen studies conducted in three countries over 6 years. Across these studies, we exposed 6,020 respondents to simulated cyberattacks and conventional attacks. We conclude that cyberattacks can cause high levels of psychological harm—equal even to that caused by conventional political violence and terrorism. This finding overturns a widely accepted view that cyberattacks are a mere irritant at best and a threat to information security at worst. Through this lens, the findings suggest that even nonphysically destructive cyberattacks can trigger consequences that constitute a legally defined armed attack that permits using armed force in self-defense. We conclude by discussing how the onset of psychological distress generates political pressure in support of retaliation and can lead to military escalation.
Brideprice's Relationship to Conflict, Class, and Violence against Women
Authors: Johnston Melissa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEmerging research shows how brideprice facilitates conflict, as young men who cannot afford brideprice join armed groups. This article provides additional evidence for the role of brideprice in conflict, and shows how it facilitates three kinds of conflict: class conflict, interpersonal violence, and violence against women. In distinction to current approaches, this paper argues that brideprice's market logics are better conceived of as structured by gender and class inequality. Brideprice displays socioeconomic status and transfers wealth from poor to rich. Using ethnographic fieldwork undertaken in Timor-Leste, this article demonstrates that brideprice perpetuates socioeconomic inequality underpinning the Timorese class system. Recognizing the role of brideprice supports a clearer understanding of the continuum between conflict and violence.
Chikungunya: risks for travellers
Authors: Simon Fabrice , Caumes Eric , Jelinek Tomas , Lopez-Velez Rogelio , Steffen Robert , Chen Lin H 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRationale for reviewChikungunya outbreaks continue to occur, with changing epidemiology. Awareness about chikungunya is low both among the at-risk travellers and healthcare professionals, which can result in underdiagnosis and underreporting. This review aims to improve awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the risks of chikungunya for travellers.Key findingsChikungunya virus transmission to humans occurs mainly via daytime-active mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The areas where these mosquitoes live is continuously expanding, partly due to climate changes. Chikungunya is characterized by an acute onset of fever with joint pain. These symptoms generally resolve within 1–3 weeks, but at least one-third of the patients suffer from debilitating rheumatologic symptoms for months to years. Large outbreaks in changing regions of the world since the turn of the 21st century (e.g. Caribbean, La Réunion; currently Brazil, India) have resulted in growing numbers of travellers importing chikungunya, mainly to Europe and North America. Viremic travellers with chikungunya infection have seeded chikungunya clusters (France, United States of America) and outbreaks (Italy in 2007 and 2017) in non-endemic countries where Ae. albopictus mosquitoes are present. Community preventive measures are important to prevent disease transmission by mosquitoes. Individual preventive options are limited to personal protection measures against mosquito bites, particularly the daytime-active mosquitos that transmit the chikungunya virus. Candidate vaccines are on the horizon and regulatory authorities will need to assess environmental and host risk factors for persistent sequelae, such as obesity, age (over 40 years) and history of arthritis or inflammatory rheumatologic disease to determine which populations should be targeted for these chikungunya vaccines.Conclusions/recommendationsTravellers planning to visit destinations with active CHIKV circulation should be advised about the risk for chikungunya, prevention strategies, the disease manifestations, possible chronic rheumatologic sequelae and, if symptomatic, seek medical evaluation and report potential exposures.