bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Electrocardiogram Electrodes to Monitor Skin Impedance Spectroscopic Response When Skin is Subjected to Sustained Static Pressure
Authors: Owen Emily J. , Hathaway Hollie , Lafferty Bronwen , Jenkins A. Toby A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Impedance spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique which can be used to monitor skin barrier function, with potential applications in early-stage pressure ulcer detection. This paper describes how changes in skin impedance, due to mechanical damage of the stratum corneum by tape stripping or applied pressure, can be straightforwardly measured using commercial electrocardiogram electrodes and a relatively low-cost impedance analyser. Two models of pressure injury were studied, an ex vivo porcine and in vivo human skin model.

Objectives
Determine whether impedance spectroscopy may have potential utility in measuring the effect on skin of applied pressure on early-stage pressure injury.

Methods
Two models were utilized to measure the effect of pressure. Porcine model: 0, 7.5, 15 or 22.5 mmHg of pressure was applied for up to 24 h (N = 4) and monitored at various time intervals. Human Model: 88 mmHg of pressure was applied for four sets of three-minute intervals (N = 13) and post-pressure recovery was monitored for 4 h. For each model, skin impedance was monitored at 0.1 Hz–50 kHz using disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes. The data was analysed using Ordinary One-Way Analysis of Variance.

Results
Porcine model: after 24 h, the impedance of pressure-loaded skin was significantly reduced compared to the non-loaded control group (p ≤ 0.0001); this reduction in impedance was proportional to the degree of mechanical loading. Histology images of skin cross-sections provided qualitative evidence that the epidermis was structurally compromised by pressure. Human Model: the response of healthy skin to applied pressure displayed inter-variation. Participants with a significant change in skin impedance (p ≤ 0.01) also demonstrated signs of erythema.

Conclusions
This study suggests that using impedance spectroscopy to measure skin (stratum corneum) resistance may have utility in giving early warning of skin pressure injury prior to clinical symptoms, with a good correlation between observed erythema and reduction in skin resistance. Further work should be initiated on patients at risk of pressure injury to improve intervention strategies, including in darker skin tones where early-stage pressure injuries may not be visually distinct.
Development of Thermo‐Sensitive and Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Extraction of Omeprazole in Biological and Pharmaceutical Samples Coupled by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Beheshti Sajjad , Panahi Homayon Ahmad , Feizbakhsh Alireza 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work proposed the developed of thermo‐sensitive and magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for the extraction of omeprazole from the human urine and pharmaceutical samples. The ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and N, N′‐methylenediacrylamide were used as the cross‐linkers, poly (N‐vinylcaprolactam) as a thermo‐sensitive monomer, and omeprazole as a template to create molecularly imprinted polymer. The maximum sorption capacity was achieved at a contact time of 15 min, pH=7, temperature of 25 °C, and initial concentration of 20 μg mL−1. Under these conditions, the omeprazole in human urine and pharmaceutical samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with ultra‐violet detection. The obtained polymer was characterized by different techniques. The equilibrium data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm model.The limit of quantification and limit of detection were 0.24 and 0.061 μg mL−1, respectively. Relative standard deviations for inter‐day and intra‐day precisions were 1.78 % and 1.51 %, respectively. Omeprazole extraction recoveries from samples exceeded 93 %.
Cold Oxidative Demetalation of Aryl Organometallics: A Novel Route to Demetalate Ullmann Intermediates without Heating
Authors: Pérez Paz Alejandro 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA new way of demetalating Ullmann organometallic aryl intermediates is proposed that uses charging rather than heating conditions. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that certain aryl organosilver and organocopper intermediates (MPh2, with M=Cu, Ag and Ph=phenyl group) spontaneously demetalate even starting with zero velocities upon the oxidative removal of one electron. The oxidative demetalation is driven by the loss of electron density in the interatomic C−M region and leads to a biphenyl molecule with a η‐coordinated nearby M atom. The main advantage of this dry redox demetalation process is that it avoids the use of high temperatures which have deleterious effects on the yields. The method does not compromise the thermal stability of the end product and reduces the chances of uncontrolled side reactions. The demetalation of oxidized MPh2 is predicted to occur spontaneously in the gas phase and on an inert surface. A possible experimental setup is proposed to test this idea in the widely‐used Ullmann reaction for the controlled on‐surface synthesis of new C−C bonds. The reduction‐induced planarization of the neutral MPh2 molecule is reversible and could be used as an electro‐mechanical nano‐switch. The neutral and anionic compounds are predicted to be locally aromatic and dynamically stable. For bimetallic aryl intermediates (M2Ph3), the irreversible demetalation occurs upon the removal of two electrons leading to the dication.
Palladium Modified FeCoS2 Nanosheet Arrays on Ni Foam as Bifunctional Electrodes for Overall Alkaline Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Zeen , Pan Duo , Chen Kai , Yin Ximeng , Wang Jun , Cai Pingwei , Wen Zhenhai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe development of high‐efficient electrocatalysts with low applied voltage and robust stability is of great importance for electrolysis of water. In this work, a bifunctional electrode has been developed by growing palladium‐modified FeCoS2 nanosheet arrays on Ni foam (Pd‐FeCoS2 NAs/NF), which can serve as anode and cathode for alkaline water splitting with high activities and ultra‐strong durability. The Pd‐FeCoS2 NAs/NF shows overpotentials of 130 mV for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 202 mV for alkaline oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm−2. The alkaline electrolyzer is built by employing Pd‐FeCoS2 NAs/NF as cathode and anode, delivering a current density of 50 mA cm−2 at 1.59 V. Moreover, the electrolyzer can run stably for 600 h with negligible decline.
Total Synthesis of Streptococcus suis Serotype 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit
Authors: P. Ramesh , Saif Ali Mohammad , Ghosh Subhash , Babu Tatina Madhu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe first total synthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) repeating unit [2)‐α‐l‐Rhap‐1→P→4‐β‐d‐ManpNAc‐(1→4)‐α‐d‐Glcp‐(1]n of streptococcus suis serotype 8 is reported. The key features of the synthesis are the formation of 1,2 cis glycosidic linkage between mannosamine and glucose derived monomers to get disaccharide which on coupling with rhamnose H‐phosphonate followed by oxidation of P−H bond and global debenzylation provide targeted trisaccharide repeating unit of streptococcus suis serotype 8.
Zero‐waste emission design of sustainable and programmable actuators
Authors: Sun Linchao , Che Lixuan , Li Ming , Neal William George , Leng Xu , Long Yaojia , Jia Yifeng , Gao Yunhu , Palma Matteo , Lu Yao 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMoisture‐responsive actuators are widely used as energy‐harvesting devices due to their excellent ability to spontaneously and continuously convert external energy into kinetic energy. However, it remains a challenge to sustainably synthesize moisture‐driven actuators. Here, we present a sustainable zero‐waste emission methodology to prepare soft actuators using carbon nano‐powders and biodegradable polymers through a water evaporation method. Due to the water solubility and recyclability of the matrixes employed here, the entire synthetic process achieves zero‐waste emission. Our composite films featured strong figures of merit and capabilities with a 250° maximum bending angle under 90% relative humidity. Programmable motions and intelligent bionic applications, including walkers, smart switches, robotic arms, flexible excavators, and hand‐shaped actuators, were further achieved by modulating the geometry of the actuators. This sustainable method for actuators’ fabrication has great potential in large‐scale productions and applications due to its advantages of zero‐waste emission manufacturing, excellent recyclability, inherent adaptive integration, and low cost.
Hawthorn fruit extract protect against MC‐LR‐induced hepatotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis
Authors: Wang Yongshui , Guo Yao , Liu Haohao , Du Xingde , Shi Linjia , Wang Wenjun , Zhang Shenshen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicrocystins (MCs) is a class of cyclic heptapeptide compounds with biological activity. There is no effective treatment for liver injury caused by MCs. Hawthorn is a medicinal and edible plant traditional Chinese medicine with hypolipidemic, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. This study discussed the protective effect of hawthorn fruit extract (HFE) on liver damage caused by MC‐LR and the underlying molecular mechanism. After MC‐LR exposure, pathological changes were observed and hepatic activity of ALT, AST and ALP were increased obviously, but they were remarkably restored with HFE administration. In addition, MC‐LR could significantly reduce SOD activity and increase MDA content. Importantly, MC‐LR treatment resulted in mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, and Cytochrome C release, eventually leading to cell apoptosis rate increase. HFE pretreatment could significantly alleviate the above abnormal phenomena. To examine the mechanism of protection, the expression of critical molecules in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was examined. The levels of Bcl‐2 was inhibited, and the levels of Bax, Caspase‐9, Cleaved Caspase‐9, and Cleaved caspase‐3 were upregulated after MC‐LR treatment. HFE reduced MC‐LR‐induced apoptosis via reversing the expression of key proteins and genes in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Hence, HFE could alleviate MC‐LR induced hepatotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis.
Cervical vertebral veins and caudal cerebral sinuses thrombosis secondary to corticosteroid therapy for an immune‐mediated polyarthritis in a dog
Authors: Cavalerie Robin , Jolivet Franck , Launay Maheva , Baudin Tréhiou Clément , Piazza Stéphanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA 3‐year‐old, crossbreed dog was presented for an acute onset of cervical pain 6 weeks after the initiation of corticosteroid treatment for an immune‐mediated polyarthritis. Except for cervical hyperesthesia, neurological examination was unremarkable. Computed tomography revealed thrombosis of cervical vertebral venous structures and caudal cerebral sinuses. The dural sac containing the cervical spinal cord was moderately to severely compressed. A decrease in antithrombin activity was measured and assumed to be caused by secondary altered production due to corticosteroid therapy as well as important active thrombosis. The hypercoagulable state was most likely caused by chronic corticosteroid administration as a treatment of immune‐mediated polyarthritis. Complete resolution of clinical signs and venous lesions was achieved by tapering off corticosteroids and initiating gabapentin and antithrombotic treatment (clopidogrel and rivaroxaban).
Auto‐encoderneural network incorporatingx‐rayfluorescence fundamental parameters with machine learning
Authors: Dirks Matthew , Poole David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider energy‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (XRF) applications where the fundamental parameters method is impractical such as when instrument parameters are unavailable. For example, on a mining shovel or conveyor belt, rocks are constantly moving (leading to varying angles of incidence and distances) and there may be other factors not accounted for (like dust). Neural networks do not require instrument and fundamental parameters but training neural networks requires XRF spectra labeled with elemental composition, which is often limited because of its expense. We develop a neural network model that learns from limited labeled data and also benefits from domain knowledge by learning to invert a forward model. The forward model uses transition energies and probabilities of all elements and parameterized distributions to approximate other fundamental and instrument parameters. We evaluate the model and baseline models on a rock dataset from a lithium mineral exploration project. Our model works particularly well for some low‐Z elements (Li, Mg, Al, and K) as well as some high‐Z elements (Sn and Pb) despite these elements being outside the suitable range for common spectrometers to directly measure, likely owing to the ability of neural networks to learn correlations and nonlinear relationships.
Concepts and Theories in Behaviour Change to Support Chronic Disease Self-Management
Authors: Henriques Maria Adriana , de Sousa Loura David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis chapter presents key concepts and theories relevant to the self-management of chronic disease. It starts by defining health behaviours and establishes the distinction between health behaviours and determinants of behaviours. Next, we present a brief description of key behaviour change theories and models relevant to the self-management of chronic disease. The COM-B model of behaviour change is then detailed, with an illustration of how it applies to sustained health behaviour changes in the context of self-management of chronic disease.
Eikonal approximation in celestial CFT
Authors: de Gioia Leonardo Pipolo , Raclariu Ana-Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We identify an eikonal regime in celestial CFT2 in which massless 2-2 scattering is dominated by t-channel exchange. We derive a formula for the celestial amplitude that resums exchanges of arbitrary integer spin to all orders in the coupling. The resulting eikonal phase takes the same form as in flat space with the powers of center-of-mass energy replaced by weight-shifting operators on the celestial sphere. We independently compute the celestial two-point function for a scalar propagating in a shockwave background and show that to leading order in the gravitational coupling and for a suitable choice of the source, the result agrees with the prediction from the celestial eikonal formula for graviton exchange. We demonstrate that this two-point function can be directly obtained from the corresponding formula in AdS4 in a flat space limit. We finally establish a general relation between scalar celestial amplitudes in celestial CFTd−1 and the flat space limit of scalar AdSd+1 Witten diagrams.
Oblique corrections from triplet quarks
Authors: Albergaria Francisco , Lavoura Luís , Romão Jorge C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe present general formulas for the oblique-correction parametersS,T,U,V, W, andXin an extension of the Standard Model having arbitrary numbers of singlet, doublet, and triplet quarks with electric charges −4/3, −1/3, 2/3, and 5/3 that mix with the standard quarks of the same charge.
Development, implementation, and results of a simulation-based hands-on brachytherapy workshop for medical students
Authors: Mäurer Matthias A. , Drozdz Sonia , Ehrenpfordt Juliet , Schwedas Michael , Friedlein Melissa , Hille Nadine , Riede Cora , Schrott Steffen , Graf Maximilian , Wurschi Georg , Kamp Marcel A. , Wittig Andrea , Knippen Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The new Medical Licensing Regulations 2025 (Ärztliche Approbationsordnung, ÄApprO) require the development of competence-oriented teaching formats. In addition, there is a great need for high-quality teaching in the field of radiation oncology, which manifests itself already during medical school. For this reason, we developed a simulation-based, hands-on medical education format to teach competency in performing accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) with interstitial multicatheter brachytherapy for early breast cancer. In addition, we designed realistic breast models suitable for teaching both palpation of the female breast and implantation of brachytherapy catheters.

Methods
From June 2021 to July 2022, 70 medical students took part in the hands-on brachytherapy workshop. After a propaedeutic introduction, the participants simulated the implantation of single-lead catheters under supervision using the silicone-based breast models. Correct catheter placement was subsequently assessed by CT scans. Participants rated their skills before and after the workshop on a six-point Likert scale in a standardized questionnaire.

Results
Participants significantly improved their knowledge-based and practical skills on APBI in all items as assessed by a standardized questionnaire (mean sum score 42.4 before and 16.0 after the course, p < 0.001). The majority of respondents fully agreed that the workshop increased their interest in brachytherapy (mean 1.15, standard deviation [SD] 0.40 on the six-point Likert scale). The silicone-based breast model was found to be suitable for achieving the previously defined learning objectives (1.19, SD 0.47). The learning atmosphere and didactic quality were rated particularly well (mean 1.07, SD 0.26 and 1.13, SD 0.3 on the six-point Likert scale).

Conclusion
The simulation-based medical education course for multicatheter brachytherapy can improve self-assessed technical competence. Residency programs should provide resources for this essential component of radiation oncology. This course is exemplary for the development of innovative practical and competence-based teaching formats to meet the current reforms in medical education.
Application of computational fluid dynamics simulations in food industry
Authors: Szpicer Arkadiusz , Bińkowska Weronika , Wojtasik-Kalinowska Iwona , Salih Salih Mustafa , Półtorak Andrzej 
Published: March 2023

AbstractComputational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a tool for modelling and simulating processes in many industries. It is usually used as a choice to solve problem involving flow of fluids, heat transfer, mass transfer and chemical reaction. Moreover, it has also found application in the optimization of processes in branches of the food industry, including bread baking, cooling beef roast, or spray drying. CFD has enormous potential and many opportunities to improve the quality and safety of food products, as well as to reduce the costs of production and the use of machines and production equipment. In addition, empirical models only permit data to be extracted at a limited number of locations in the system (where sensors and gauges are placed). CFD allows the designer to examine any location in the region of interest, and interpret its performance through a set of thermal and flow parameters. Computer simulations are the future of every field of science, and the presented overview provides the latest information on experts and experiences related to CFD application in food production. Despite some disadvantages, such as the need to have a large reserve of computing power, the development of digital and IT technologies will make this problem insignificant in the nearest future. Then the CFD will become an indispensable element in the design of equipment and technological lines in the food industry.
Impact of pulmonary artery flow distribution on Fontan hemodynamics and flow energetics
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth K. , Robinson Joshua D. , Sodhi Aparna , Markl Michael , Rigsby Cynthia K. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
With improved life expectancy following Fontan palliation, there is an increasing population of patients with a total cavopulmonary connection. However, there is a poor understanding of which patients will experience Fontan failure and when. 4D flow MRI has identified several metrics of clinical interest, but longitudinal studies investigating hemodynamics in Fontan patients are lacking.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the relationship between flow distribution to the pulmonary arteries and regional hemodynamic metrics in a unique cohort with follow-up 4D flow MRI.

Materials and methods
Patients with > 6 months of 4D flow MRI follow-up were included. Flow distribution from the caval veins to pulmonary arteries was measured in addition to regional measures of peak velocity, viscous energy loss (ELmean and ELtot), and kinetic energy.

Results
Ten patients with total cavopulmonary connection (17.7 ± 8.8 years at baseline, follow-up: 4.4 ± 2.6 years) were included. Five subjects had unequal flow distribution from the IVC to the pulmonary arteries at baseline. Over time, these subjects tended to have larger increases in peak velocity (39.2% vs 6.6%), ELmean (11.6% vs -38.3%), ELtot (9.5% vs -36.2%), and kinetic energy (96.1% vs 36.3%) in the IVC. However, these differences were statistically insignificant. We found that changes in ELmean and ELtot were significantly associated with changes in peak velocity in the caval veins (R2 > 0.5, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Unequal flow distribution from the IVC may drive increasing peak velocities and viscous energy losses, which have been associated with worse clinical outcomes. Changes in peak velocity may serve as a surrogate measure for changes in viscous energy loss.
Bi-planar calibration method for templating of hip joint arthroplasty: phantom study and proof of concept
Authors: Boese Christoph Kolja , Rolvien Tim , Henes Frank Oliver , Beil Frank Timo , Strahl André , Ries Christian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Calibration of radiographs is a critical step in digital templating for hip arthroplasty. Calibration errors of > 1.5% lead to over- or undersizing of the templated implants and may affect logistics and patient safety. Contemporary calibration methods are known to be imprecise with average errors of 6.5% and wide variance. A novel bi-planar radiograph-based calibration method is proposed, and a phantom study was conducted as proof of concept.

Methods
A spherical external calibration marker (ECM) is placed in front of the pubic symphysis of a pelvic bone model at twelve different positions. For each marker position, standard anteroposterior radiographs and four corresponding lateral radiographs with different degrees of rotation (0°–30°) are taken (overall, 60 radiographs). Calibration factors are calculated for an internal calibration marker (ICM) at the centre of the right hip (reference) and the ECM using a novel algorithm. Rotation and marker positions simulate foreseeable use errors and misplacements and aim to test robustness of the method against these errors.

Results
ECM calibration factor was 125.9% (range 124.7–127.2), and the mean ICM calibration factor was 126.6% (range 126.2–127.1) ($$p<0.001$$

p
<
0.001

). Four images (8.3%) were beyond the 1% error threshold (all with 30° rotation). The mean difference was 0.79% (SD 0.49).

Conclusion
The bi-planar method precisely predicts the true calibration factor of the hip joint plane under various conditions. In lateral radiographs, rotation of up to 20° did not adversely affect the precision and all images had calibration errors below the threshold for clinical significance.