bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single nucleotide variations encoding missense mutations in G protein‐coupled receptors may contribute to autism
Authors: van der Westhuizen Emma T. 
Published: February 2023

Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with a range of symptoms that vary in intensity and severity from person to person. Genetic sequencing has identified thousands of genes containing mutations in autistic individuals, which may contribute to the development of autistic symptoms. Several of these genes encode G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are cell surface expressed proteins that transduce extracellular messages to the intracellular space. Mutations in GPCRs can impact their function, resulting in aberrant signalling within cells and across neurotransmitter systems in the brain. This review summarises the current knowledge on autism‐associated single nucleotide variations encoding missense mutations in GPCRs and the impact of these genetic mutations on GPCR function. For some autism‐associated mutations, changes in GPCR expression levels, ligand affinity, potency and efficacy have been observed. However, for many the functional consequences remain unknown. Thus, further work to characterise the functional impacts of the genetically identified mutations is required.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptors in gastrointestinal dysfunction and inflammatory bowel disease: A review
Authors: Hawker Patrick , Zhang Li , Liu Lu 
Published: February 2023

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic debilitating condition, hallmarked by persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite recent advances in clinical treatments, the aetiology of IBD is unknown, and a large proportion of patients are refractory to pharmacotherapy. Understanding IBD immunopathogenesis is crucial to discern the cause of IBD and optimise treatments. Mas‐related G protein‐coupled receptors (Mrgprs) are a family of approximately 50 G protein‐coupled receptors that were first identified over 20 years ago. Originally known for their expression in skin nociceptors and their role in transmitting the sensation of itch in the periphery, new reports have described the presence of Mrgprs in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review, we consider the impact of these findings and assess the evidence that suggests that Mrgprs may be involved in the disrupted homeostatic processes that contribute to gastrointestinal disorders and IBD.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein‐Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc
Sexual selection and predation drive the repeated evolution of stridulation in Heteroptera and other arthropods
Authors: Davranoglou Leonidas‐Romanos , Taylor Graham K. , Mortimer Beth 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAcoustic and substrate‐borne vibrations are among the most widely used signalling modalities in animals. Arthropods display a staggering diversity of vibroacoustic organs generating acoustic sound and/or substrate‐borne vibrations, and are fundamental to our broader understanding of the evolution of animal signalling. The primary mechanism that arthropods use to generate vibroacoustic signals is stridulation, which involves the rubbing together of opposing body parts. Although stridulation is common, its behavioural context and evolutionary drivers are often hard to pinpoint, owing to limited synthesis of empirical observations on stridulatory species. This is exacerbated by the diversity of mechanisms involved and the sparsity of their description in the literature, which renders their documentation a challenging task. Here, we present the most comprehensive review to date on the systematic distribution and behavioural context of stridulation. We use the megadiverse heteropteran insects as a model, together with multiple arthropod outgroups (arachnids, myriapods, and selected pancrustaceans). We find that stridulatory vibroacoustic signalling has evolved independently at least 84 times and is present in roughly 20% of Heteroptera, representing a remarkable case of convergent evolution. By studying the behavioural context of stridulation across Heteroptera and 189 outgroup lineages, we find that predation pressure and sexual selection are the main behaviours associated with stridulation across arthropods, adding further evidence for their role as drivers of large‐scale signalling and morphological innovation in animals. Remarkably, the absence of tympanal ears in most Heteroptera suggests that they typically cannot detect the acoustic component of their stridulatory signals. This demonstrates that the adoption of new signalling modalities is not always correlated with the ability to perceive those signals, especially when these signals are directed towards interspecific receivers in defensive contexts. Furthermore, by mapping their morphology and systematic distribution, we show that stridulatory organs tend to evolve in specific body parts, likely originating from cleaning motions and pre‐copulatory displays that are common to most arthropods. By synthesising our understanding of stridulation and stridulatory organs across major arthropod groups, we create the necessary framework for future studies to explore their systematic and behavioural significance, their potential role in sensory evolution and innovation, and the biomechanics of this mode of signalling.
Evolutionary diversity gradients in neotropical tree assemblages: New insights from Non‐Flooded Evergreen forests
Authors: Cupertino‐Eisenlohr Mônica A. , Simon Marcelo Fragomeni 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe investigated spatial patterns of evolutionary diversity along Neotropical Non‐Flooded Evergreen Forests (NEF). We addressed the following questions: (i) What are the main NEF evolutionary groups? (ii) How evolutionary diversity varies across NEF environmental gradients? Based on a phylogeny of 1248 tree genera distributed over 1824 NEF assemblages, we examined the evolutionary differentiation using UPGMA and evopca. We measured lineage diversity (ses.PD) and structure (ses.MPD and ses.MNTD) and tested their response to environmental gradients using linear models. Phylogenetic dissimilarity segregated NEF into 12 evolutionary groups that largely confirm groups obtained in our previous work based on floristic similarity. However, one discrepancy was the amalgamation of Amazon and northern Atlantic Forest assemblages, while the southern Atlantic Forest remained an isolated group. Furthermore, Mesoamerica, which had been recognized as a single group, here split into six evolutionary groups. We found greater lineage diversity as altitude and latitude increased and temperature decreased. Evolutionary groups with the highest mean values of lineage diversity were those composed of Mesoamerican cloud forests, which harbor a mixture of tropical and temperate lineages representing a confluence of South and North American floras. We found that variations in phylogenetic diversity in NEF are primarily related to the coexistence of lineages of temperate and tropical climates in the mountain and nebular environments of NEF, indicating the strong contribution of extratropical niche conservatism in structuring evolutionary diversity.
Caregiver‐reported impact of access to switch‐adapted toys on play for children with complex medical conditions
Authors: Rasmussen Kial‐Ann M. , Chole Dana M. , Hughes Rachel , Threlkeld Katie , Janes William E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundPlay is essential for children's development of motor, social–emotional and cognitive skills. Traditional play activities are often difficult for children with complex medical conditions to access, which threatens their ability to maximize their developmental potential. Switch‐adapted toys are a common strategy for expanding the play repertoire of children with disabilities by lowering the barrier to play with electronic toys. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between providing switch‐adapted toys to children with disabilities and the children's total and self‐initiated play time and access to a variety of cognition‐appropriate toys, age‐appropriate toys and independently accessible toys as reported by their caregivers.MethodsCaregivers and their children with complex medical conditions were provided switch‐adapted toys at a giveaway event. At the giveaway event and 6 months later, caregivers completed a survey that included questions about each child's current participation in play and their type of play, child's access to toys and questions specific to switches and switch‐adapted toys. Data were analysed using Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests with a Benjamini–Hochberg procedure to control for multiple comparisons.ResultsNineteen caregivers completed both the pre‐ and post‐surveys. The increases in the variety of toys and the number of independently accessibly and cognitively appropriate toys were statistically significant. The change in number of age‐appropriate toys and the amount of total and active play time were not statistically significant.ConclusionsProviding switch‐adapted toys may be an effective way to increase the number of independently accessible and cognitively appropriate toys for children with complex medical conditions. However, increasing the number of such toys may not be sufficient to increase active and total play time. Further research is needed to identify variables impacting play time and distal outcomes associated with switch‐adapted toy access.
Rewilding in Southeast Asia: Singapore as a case study
Authors: Lamperty Therese , Chiok Wen Xuan , Khoo Max D. Y. , Amir Zachary , Baker Nick , Chua Marcus A. H. , Chung Yi Fei , Chua Yen Kheng , Koh Joshua J.‐M. , Lee Benjamin P. Y.‐H. , Lum Shawn K. Y. , Mendes Calebe P. , Ngiam Jonathan , ODempsey Anthony , Png Kenny G. C. , Sovie Adia R. , Tan Lorraine , Teo Robert , Thomas Noel , Tianjiao Li , Tze‐Ming Bryan Lim , Loo Adrian H. B. , Wardle David A. , Luskin Matthew Scott 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRe‐establishing extirpated wildlife—or “rewilding”—is touted as a way to restore biodiversity and ecosystem processes, but we lack real‐world examples of this process, particularly in Southeast Asia. Here, we use a decade of aggregated camera trap data, N‐mixture occupancy models, and input from local wildlife experts to describe the unassisted recolonization of two native large herbivores in Singapore. Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) escaped from captivity (in private or public zoos) in the 1970s and contemporary camera trap data show they have only colonized nearby forest fragments and their abundance remains low. Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), in contrast, naturally recolonized by swimming from Malaysia in the 1990s and have rapidly expanded their range and abundance across Singapore. While wild pigs have not recolonized all viable green spaces yet, their trajectory indicates they soon will. We also note that a third ungulate, the muntjac deer (Muntiacus muntjak), was captured in camera trapping in 2014 and 2015 but was never recorded afterward despite increased sampling effort, and thus we do not focus on their presumably unsuccessful recolonization. The divergent rewilding trajectories between sambar deer and wild pigs suggest different conservation outcomes and management requirements. Sambar deer may restore lost plant–animal interactions such as herbivory and seed dispersal without requiring significant management. Wild pigs, in contrast, have reached high numbers rapidly and may require active management to avoid hyperabundance and negative ecological impacts in regions, such as Singapore that lack both hunting and large predators.
Impact of donation after circulatory death heart transplantation on waitlist outcomes and transplantation activity
Authors: Urban Marian , Moody Morgan , Lyden Elizabeth , Kinen Lecia , Castleberry Anthony W. , Siddique Aleem , Lowes Brian D. , Stoller Douglas A. , Lungren Scott W. , Um John Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionDonation after circulatory death (DCD) heart transplantation has been shown to have comparable outcomes to transplantation using brain death donors (DBDs). This study evaluates the impact of this alternative source of allografts on waitlist mortality and transplant volume.MethodsWe compared waitlist mortality and transplant rates in patients who were registered before (2019 period) and after we adopted DCD heart transplantation (2021 period).ResultsWe identified 111 patients who were on the waiting list in 2019 and 77 patients who were registered during 2021. Total number of donor organ offers received in 2019 was 385 (178 unique donors) versus 3450 (1145 unique donors) in 2021. More than 40% of all donors in 2021 were DCDs. Waitlist mortality was comparable for patients in 2019 and 2021 (18/100 person‐years in 2019 vs. 26/100 person‐years in 2021, p = .49). The transplant rate was 67/100 person‐years in 2019 versus 207/100 person‐years in 2021 (p < .001). After adjusting for acuity status, gender, blood type, and weight, patients listed in 2021 had 2.08 times greater chance of transplantation compared to patients listed in 2019 (HR 2.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26–3.45, p = .004).ConclusionsUse of DCD donor hearts significantly increased heart transplant rate in our institution.
Clinical and histopathological features of hypereosinophilic syndrome with cutaneous involvement: The Mayo Clinic Experience
Authors: Zayas Jacqueline , Peters Margot S. , Butterfield Joseph H. , Pongdee Thanai , Sokumbi Olayemi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundHypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) encompasses a group of diseases with blood hypereosinophilia and eosinophil‐mediated organ dysfunction. HES‐associated skin abnormalities, termed cutaneous HES (cHES) here, may influence diagnosis of HES. We sought to better define clinical and histopathological features of cHES.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed clinical records and cutaneous histopathology of adult patients with HES evaluated at our institution from 2007 to 2018.ResultsForty‐one percent (61/150) patients with HES had cHES. The most common clinical morphologies were urticarial (30%) and eczematous (26%). Skin specimens most often showed a spongiotic pattern (31%) with abundant inflammation (50%) including eosinophils (85%). Two specimens (8%) showed interstitial granulomatous dermatitis, and two specimens showed eosinophilic fasciitis (8%). Vasculitis was not identified in any specimen. Eighty‐four percent of patients with cHES had ≥1 other organ system involved: pulmonary 41%, ENT 26%, and nervous 23%. Sixty percent (53/89) of non‐cHES patients had at least two organ systems involved. Cardiac or gastrointestinal involvement was more common in non‐cHES than cHES (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur review confirms that there are no specific clinical or histopathological cHES patterns, but HES should be considered in patients who have eczematous or urticarial reactions of unknown etiology and persistent peripheral hypereosinophilia.
Prenatal diagnosis of double aortic arch with subaortic left brachiocephalic vein and right‐side ductus arteriosus using high‐definition flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation
Authors: Li Tian‐gang , Ma Bin , Lan Qiong , Yao Li‐guo , Qi Ping‐an 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDouble aortic arch (DAA) with subaortic left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) and right‐side ductus arteriosus (RDA) was not reported before delivery, only in adults with anatomy course findings. We present a case of fetal DAA with subaortic LBCV and RDA using high‐definition (HD) flow render mode and spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC).
Medication non‐adherence patterns and profiles for patients with incident myocardial infarction: Observations from a large multi‐morbid US population
Authors: Lip Gregory Y. H. , Genaidy Ash , Jones Bobby , Tran George , Estes Cara , Sloop Sue 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundConsistent adherence levels to multiple long‐term medications for patients with cardiovascular conditions are typically advocated in the range of 50% or higher, although very likely to be much lower in some populations. We investigated this issue in a large cohort covering a broad age and geographical spectrum, with a wide range of socio‐economic disability status.MethodsThe patients were drawn from three different health plans with a varied mix of socio‐economic/disability levels. Adherence patterns were examined on a monthly basis for up to 12 months past the index date for myocardial infarction (MI) using longitudinal analyses of group‐based trajectory modelling. Each of the non‐adherent patterns was profiled from comorbid history, demographic and health plan factors using main effect logistic regression modelling. Four medication classes were examined for MI: betablockers, statin, ACE inhibitors and anti‐platelets.ResultsThe participant population for the MI/non‐MI cohorts was 1,987,605 (MI cohort: mean age 62 years, 45.9% female; non‐MI cohort: mean age 45 years, 55.3% females). Cohorts characterized by medication non‐adherence dominated the majority of MI population with values ranging from 74% to 82%. There were four types of consistent non‐adherence patterns as a function of time for each medication class: fast decline, slow decline, occasional users and early gap followed by increased adherence. The characteristics of non‐adherence profiles eligible for improvement included patients with a prior history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and stroke as co‐morbidities, and Medicare plan.ConclusionsWe found consistent patterns of intermediate non‐adherence for each of four drug classes for MI cohorts in the order of 56% who are eligible for interventions aimed at improving cardiovascular medication adherence levels. These insights may help improve cardiovascular medication adherence using large medication non‐adherence improvement programs.
Phenological imbalance in the supply and demand of floral resources: Half the pollen and nectar produced by the main autumn food source, Hedera helix, is uncollected by insects
Authors: Harris Ciaran , Ferguson Hannah , Millward Ethan , Ney Phoebe , Sheikh Nadia , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Declines in floral resources, pollen and nectar, are considered one cause of pollinator decline. However, the supply and demand of floral resources can vary temporally. In Britain, autumn has been suggested as a period of high floral resource availability due to the flowering of ivy (Hedera helix), a common native plant, combined with fewer insects active during this season. Here, we directly quantified the proportion of pollen and nectar produced by ivy, the primary autumn food source, which is uncollected by the flower‐visiting insect community.
We quantified the proportion of nectar produced but uncollected by comparing the mass of nectar sugar accumulated in insect‐accessible versus inaccessible ivy flowers and by surveying the presence of wasted, crystalised, nectar on flowers. Pollen wastage was quantified by comparing pollen counts on anthers at the start of anthesis versus anthers dropped from ivy flowers.
Approximately, half the floral resources, 59% nectar and 44% pollen, were uncollected by the flower‐visiting insect community in autumn. As ivy flowers supply most of the available nectar and pollen in autumn, our results show that a large proportion of all floral resources are wasted in autumn.
Our results are the first to show that a season can be characterised by a large surplus of floral resources relative to collection by flower‐visiting insects. These results demonstrate the importance of considering seasonal variation in floral resources in the conservation of bees and other flower‐visiting insects.
Prenatal exposure of diabetes and progestin‐mediated autistic biomarker in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Jiao Yun , Wang Min , Li Huilin , Jia Qingzheng , Xu Lichao , Zhong Liyan , Huang Jingwen , Li Ling , Xiang Wei , Yao Paul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remains delayed as it is mostly based on clinical symptoms and abnormal behaviours appearing after 2 years of age. Identification of autistic markers remains a top priority in achieving an early and effective ASD diagnosis. We have previously reported that prenatal exposure of hormones or diabetes triggers epigenetic changes and oxidative stress, resulting in gene suppression with autism‐like behaviours in offspring. Here, a potential biomarker for ASD diagnosis was established through gene analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The study from in vivo mouse showed that prenatal hormone exposure or maternal diabetes suppresses mRNA expression of estrogen‐related receptor α (ERRα), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), G protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor α (RORA) in the brain as well as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, subsequently triggering autism‐like behaviour in mouse offspring. Also, similar gene suppression was found in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and PBMC, with inherited epigenetic changes being identified on the related promoters. The human case–control study found that mRNA levels of ERRα, SOD2, GPER and RORA were significantly reduced in PBMC from ASD subjects (n = 132) compared with typically developing (n = 135) group. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed a .869 ± .021 of area under the curve for ASD subjects with 95% confidence interval of .829–.909, together with 1.000 of sensitivity and .856 of specificity. In conclusion, the combined mRNA expression in PBMC based on prenatal factor exposure‐mediated gene suppression could be a potential biomarker for ASD diagnosis.
Let us talk about it: An exploratory qualitative study of older adults' priorities for oral health in North West England
Authors: Cook Neil , Kelly Aengus , Kanagasingam Shalini , Tagiyeva Nara 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore oral health experiences and priorities in a diverse group of adults aged over 60 in North West England, an area with high oral health inequality.MethodsParticipants were selected using purposive sample from multiple settings across the North West: community, primary dental care and residential care home. Data were collected between October 2018 and March 2019 and involved eight focus groups and three individual interviews with a total of 47 participants. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified. The first was issues important to people over 60, which included the appearance of one's teeth, communication, continuity of care and the treatment experience. These were informed by two further themes, past experiences of treatment, which were not always favourable, and perceived barriers, such as accessing NHS dentistry, cost, physical access and oral care in institutional settings. The fourth, connected theme focussed on how oral healthcare messages for different audiences should be disseminated.ConclusionsThere are shortfalls in the provision of oral healthcare to older adults in the UK. Communication and continuity of care with a trusted oral healthcare provider are key priorities for this population. However, our participants felt that current public provision of dental services is not meeting their needs.