bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnant women's and policymakers' preferences for the expansion of noninvasive prenatal screening: A discrete choice experiment approach study
Authors: Nguyen Hung Manh , Baradaran Mohammad , Daigle Gaétan , Nshimyumukiza Leon , Guertin Jason Robert , Reinharz Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsQuantitative approaches for eliciting preferences for new interventions are mostly conducted by patients and rarely by policymakers. This study aimed to quantify the preferences of pregnant women and policymakers regarding the addition of a new test to prenatal screening programs for detecting chromosomal abnormalities.MethodsA discrete choice experiment was conducted to measure the respondents' preferences for a new prenatal test. A seven‐attribute instrument was built based on interviews with pregnant women and policymakers. The data were analyzed using robust conditional logistic regression and nested logit models.ResultsIn total, 272 pregnant women and 24 policymakers completed the questionnaire (response rates of 48% and 55%, respectively). Overall, all attributes were statistically significant in the pregnant women group, whereas only three attributes (test performance, degree of test result certainty, and cost) were statistically significant in the policymakers group. Statistically significant differences in test performance and information were observed between the two groups.ConclusionPolicymakers differed from pregnant women in their appraisal of attributes related to their preference for a new prenatal screening intervention. The low response rates observed in both groups suggest that further investigation of the relevance of this approach must be conducted.
The role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the antinociceptive and reparative actions of mesenchymal stem cells in rats with peripheral neuropathic pain
Authors: Yerofeyeva Anna‐Maria V. , Pinchuk Sergey V. , Rjabceva Svetlana N. , Molchanova Alla Y. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can produce antinociceptive and reparative effects. Presumably, the MSCs‐induced antinociception may be partly due to the involvement of the endocannabinoid system. The study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and reparative effects of adipose‐derived MSCs (ADMSCs) upon pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid CB1 receptor in peripheral tissues or on ADMSCs' membranes in a rat model of peripheral neuropathy. ADMSCs were injected into the area of rat sciatic nerve injury (i) with no additional treatments, (ii) at the tissue CB1 receptor activation by endogenous agonist anandamide (AEA) or blockade with a selective AM251 antagonist; and (iii) preincubated with AEA or AM251. The evaluation of CB1 receptor activity involved analyzing nociceptive responses, gait parameters, and histology. Transplantation of ADMSCs upon activation of CB1 receptors, both on AMSCs' membranes or in the area of nerve injury, accelerated the analgesia and recovery of dynamic gait parameters, abolished static gait disturbances, and promoted the fastest nerve regeneration. Only blockade of CB1 receptors on ADMSCs shortened ADMSCs‐induced analgesia and decreased the number of preserved nerve fibers. CB1 receptors on ADMSCs significantly contribute to their pain‐relieving and tissue‐repairing capabilities by stimulating the growth factors secretion and suppressing the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Peripheral CB1 receptors do not significantly influence ADMSC‐induced antinociception.
Microaneurysm classification system in color fundus images using auto‐weight dilated convolutional network
Authors: Jayachandran A. , Ratheesh Kumar S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicroaneurysms (MAs) are the early indications of diabetic retinopathy (DR), which may result in total visual loss. MAs detection is an exciting work due to its small, darkish color and subtle nature. The automatic detection and categorization of MAs in retinal fundus images using a multi‐scale approach based on Deep Neural Networks and Neighborhood Analysis is proposed in this research article. MAs segmentation, classification, and preprocessing comprise the three steps of the proposed technique. To extract the multi‐scale MA features, the auto‐weight dilated convolutional unit (AD) is specifically used for convolutional feature maps. To fuse convolutional feature maps in encoding layers, the AD unit used a learnable set of parameters. An efficient architecture for feature extraction during the encoding step is incorporated into the AD unit. We integrated the AD unit with the benefits of the U‐Net network for deep and shallow features. Additionally, in order to improve the suggested model and produce the final derivation, we developed a novel optimization approach. After that, neighborhood analysis is performed to name the Micro‐aneurysm because the lesion is actually a collection of independent little images rather than the entire image. The classification accuracy of the proposed method for the three different data sets such as MESSIDOR, online retinal fundus image database for glaucoma analysis (ORIGA), and RIM‐ONE‐R1, is 99.28%, 98.95%, and 98.76% respectively. The results show a good performance of the proposed model against the other analyzed procedure.
Synthesis, design, and antimicrobial activity of pyrido[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidinones based on quinoline derivatives
Authors: Abu‐Hashem Ameen A. , Yousif Mahmoud N. M. , El‐Gazzar Abdel‐Rhman Barakat Ahmed , Hafez Hend N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine moieties are one of the most biologically widespread heterocyclic compounds as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antitubercular, antiviral and anti‐inflammatory. Hence, we synthesized an efficient new series of 2‐thioxo‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone, 2‐hydrazinyl‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone,N′‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐(formo/aceto)‐hydrazide and substituted‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)pyrido[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidinone derivatives. The characterization of new compounds was corresponded by using spectroscopic techniques, IR, NMR and Mass spectra. In vitro, all compounds were evaluated as antimicrobial activity compared with cefotaxime sodium and nystatin as the standard drug. This work deals with the exploration of the new heterocyclic compounds and medicinal diversity of quinoline‐pyrido[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine derivatives that might pave the way for long in the discovery of therapeutic medicine for future drug design.
Socioeconomic Barriers to Care for Pediatric Airways Utilizing Geographic Information Systems
Authors: Fadel Mark A. , McCoy Jennifer L. , Shaffer Amber D. , Kurland Kristen S. , Simons Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveGeographic information systems (GIS) provide a unique set of tools to spatially analyze health care and identify patterns of health outcomes to help optimize delivery. Our goal is to create maps of pediatric tracheostomy patients using GIS to assess socioeconomic and other factors that impact postoperative care after discharge to home.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on patients (≤21 years old) who underwent tracheostomy at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. Using GIS, we geocoded patient addresses and conducted spatial analyses of the relationship between patients and access to health care providers as well as vulnerable population factors including poverty, educational attainment, and single‐parent households.ResultsA total of 156 patients were included. Patients initially discharged to transitional care (108/156, 69.2%) had significantly higher likelihood of presenting to the ED regardless of socioeconomic status (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.03–5.05; p = 0.042). There was no relationship between ED visit rate and median household income, poverty level, and percentage of uneducated adults (p = 0.490; p = 0.424; p = 0.752). Median distance to the tertiary care pediatric hospital was significantly longer for patients with no ED visit (median = 61.28 miles; SD = 50.90) compared with those with an ED visit (median = 37.75 miles; SD = 35.92) (p = 0.002).ConclusionThe application of GIS could provide geo‐localized data to better understand the healthcare barriers to access for children with tracheostomies. This study uniquely integrates medical record data with socioeconomic factors and social determinants of health.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:1919–1925, 2024
Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress
Authors: Zhu Yiyun , Wang Kang , Jia Xinyi , Fu Caili , Yu Haining , Wang Yipeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro‐oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress‐related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress‐related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
Identification of postpartum symptom subgroups and associated long‐term maternal depressive symptoms and well‐being
Authors: Scroggins Jihye Kim , Reuter‐Rice Karin , Brandon Debra , Yang Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMany postpartum women experience postpartum symptoms which often occur in clusters (i.e., three or more co‐occurring symptoms that are related to each other). To date, research has focused on individual symptoms, which limits our understanding of how postpartum symptom clusters manifest and influence health. This secondary analysis used the Community and Child Health Network study data (N = 1784). No patient or public directly participated or contributed to the current analysis. Guided by the Symptom Management Theory, latent class analysis was performed to identify subgroups of postpartum women with different symptom experiences using observed variables at 6 months postpartum: anxiety (MINI‐anxiety), general stress (PSS‐10), posttraumatic stress (PCL‐C), postpartum depression (EPDS), sleep disturbance (PSQI‐sleep disturbance), and sleep duration (PSQI‐sleep duration). Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between subgroups and (a) individual characteristics and (b) long‐term depressive symptoms (CES‐D‐9) and well‐being at 18 and/or 24 months postpartum. Five subgroups were selected that had better‐fit indices, entropy, and interpretability. Subgroups were labeled as (1) Minimum overall, (2) Mild‐moderate overall, (3) Moderate‐high sleep symptoms, (4) High psychological symptoms, and (5) High overall. After adjusting for covariates, postpartum women in Subgroups 4 and 5 had higher CES‐D‐9 scores at 18 and 24 months and lower well‐being scores at 24 months. More postpartum women in Subgroups 4 and 5 experienced a history of depression or unemployment. Clinicians should provide targeted interventions for postpartum women in high‐symptom subgroups.
Two cases of cystic echinococcosis reported from al‐Andalus cemeteries (southern Iberia): Insights into zoonotic diseases in Islamic Medieval Europe
Authors: López‐Gijón Ramón , Duras Salvatore , Maroto‐Benavides Rosa , Mena‐Sánchez Luis A. , Camarós Edgard , Jiménez‐Brobeil Sylvia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe identification of a calcified hydatid cyst in the bioarcheological record is key to the diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (i.e., hydatid disease), a parasitic infection caused by the tapewormEchinococcus granulosus. This zoonosis can be linked to human–canid interactions, given the reproductive cycle of the parasite (from canids to herbivores/humans as intermediate hosts), and it is commonly associated with agropastoral communities in both the past and present. However, it is not easy to identify a calcified hydatid cyst in the archeological record because of preservation problems and its similarity with other calcifications of biological and geological origin. We report the presence of two fragmented ovoidal calcified formations associated with human remains in different medieval Islamic cemeteries from the Kingdom of Granada in al‐Andalus (Southern Iberia, 13th–15th centuries AD). These formations were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The localization, morphology, and composition of the calcifications indicate that they are hydatid cysts caused byE. granulosus, representing the first evidence of cystic echinococcosis in Islamic Medieval Europe. Our results are in line with archeological and historical records of human–animal interactions and agropastoral practices in al‐Andalus, and they highlight the importance of analyzing calcified masses in the osteoarcheological record.
Identification of dynamic systems assisted by an autoregressive recurrent model
Authors: Bielitz Timo , Bestle Dieter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe identification of parameters in dynamic systems usually first requires modeling the system as nonlinear differential equations based on physical principles, which then can be evaluated to search for a set of optimal parameters that enable the mathematical model to reproduce some desired behavior of the real system. To overcome the necessity of complex modeling and to possibly reduce the number of extensive experimental evaluations of the real system or numerical evaluations of the differential equations, strategies from machine learning may be applied. The proposed method uses recurrent architectures such as Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) networks as core to predict the system development from initial conditions and parameter values. The trainable weights of the model are optimized based on a set of training data containing parameter values and corresponding solution trajectories generated by evaluation of the system to be investigated. The trained model may then be used to identify unknown system parameter values related to a specific solution trajectory by solving an optimization problem for the inputs of the machine learning model.
Student reasonings and cognitive biases in climate change predictions
Authors: Clabaugh Howell Kaela , Holt Emily A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUndergraduate biology educators strive to understand how to best teach students the concepts of climate change. The root of this understanding is the establishment of what students know about climate change. This research aims to describe undergraduate biology students’ conceptions of climate change and their argument practices and associated cognitive biases in how they think about the topic. We used qualitative conception interviews to obtain data from 26 American biology undergraduate students who predicted how climate change would affect a forested ecosystem after an average of 1° increase in Fahrenheit (0.5°C change) over 25 years. Through deductive coding, we found the majority of students’ predictions agreed with expert ideas. However, the students used various argument strategies (i.e., Reasoning and Cognitive Biases) in defending their choices, including Ecological Explanations, Observations, Anchoring, and Contrast Effects.
Efficient Immobilization of Acetylcholinesterase onto Amino Functionalized Nitrogen‐doped Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Sensitive Pesticides Biosensors
Authors: Li Yanping , Zhao Ruixia , Wang Mimi , Han Gaoyi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe residues of carbamates pesticides can cause a threat to human and animal health. Therefore, the exact and speedy detection of pesticides is very urgent. In this work, a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor based on amino functionalized nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO−NH2) has been developed for the determination of carbamates pesticides. The NrGO−NH2 can not only serve as electronic bridges and signal amplifiers, but also efficiently immobilize AChE. The detection linear range for carbofuran is ranged from 0.05 to 11 ng/mL, and the detection limit is 0.025 ng/mL. Under the optimum conditions, the developed biosensor has also been successfully used for pesticide residues detecting in vegetable samples.
Persistent spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a dog with pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Amirsultan Sophia , Lynch Alex , Meritet Danielle , Nelson Nathan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA 5‐year‐old, 5.8‐kg, neutered, male, mix‐breed dog was presented to the emergency service of a university hospital for assessment of respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs identified a moderate pneumomediastinum, mild cervical subcutaneous emphysema and moderate bilateral diffuse bronchial and unstructured interstitial pulmonary patterns. The dog had a 6‐week long history of progressive respiratory signs before presentation, culminating in acute respiratory embarrassment in the absence of a precipitating event. Three sets of radiographs were performed before presentation, which demonstrated a persistent pneumomediastinum and progressively severe pulmonary infiltrates. The dog was humanely euthanased after 24 hours of hospitalised care, with a diagnosis of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis made at postmortem examination. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is usually an acute condition, which resolves within a few weeks of diagnosis and does not recur. Persistent spontaneous pneumomediastinum has been described in people previously, and is a rare potential sequela to severe chronic pulmonary disease in dogs.
Verifying Nuclear Disarmament—Old Challenges, New Options
Authors: Neuneck Götz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, verification methods, technologies and procedures have been significantly developed further, both technically and procedurally. The competence and expertise of the IAEA and the CTBTO have been considerably improved and national as well as international verification research programmes have been developed. A global verification culture with a lot of knowledge, expertise and experiences has been evolved in some areas. When it comes to the concrete reductions and the credible destruction of nuclear warheads, verification efforts today focus on delivery systems and the number of deployed warheads. Under New START, the USA and Russia are verifying their bilateral obligations until 2026 based on bilateral inspections. Transparency of the current global NWSs arsenal with regard to the exact number of warheads, their operational status, storage and production sites including the fissile material is not existing yet. More R&D is necessary to develop new verification tools. Yet, the international community is not part of the concrete dismantlement of nuclear warheads that are no longer needed or the fissile material released in the process. “Transparency and irreversibility” as well as “safety and security” and non-proliferation standards are key disarmament criteria which have to be applied to future reduction cycles. A dismantling or destruction of a nuclear warhead under the control of foreign inspectors has not yet taken place due to the proliferation concerns under der Non-Proliferation Treaty Art. II and III, which prohibit the disclosure of sensitive information, which would take place if inspectors from NNWS were involved in the dismantlement process and if they have direct insight into the design and composition of the warhead. It is therefore clear that reliable verification of the dismantlement and destruction of a warhead must be a central element of future multilateral nuclear disarmament. The NPT and the TPNW verification demands imply different scenarios, methods and requirements for such options. It is important to understand the existing verification measures and capabilities, so that reduction and elimination proposals cannot be rejected due to their alleged ineffectiveness. Additionally, it is also clear that the vision of ultimately eliminating nuclear weapons worldwide will not be achieved in one big step but in a step-by-step approach and needs specific verification arrangements for multiple scenarios.
Models of Family-School Partnership: Who Is in Power When We Care for the Children We Share?
Authors: Višnjić Jevtić Adrijana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, three models that try to explain the collaborative relations between parents and ECEC teachers are analysed. McAllister Swap models discuss interactions between parents and professionals based on beliefs, expectations, and involvement strategies. Epstein’s Six Types of Parental Involvement are considered through the prism of involvement as a potentially passive position. It is questioned whether in this model the parents are involved by someone, or they have the option of choosing to participate, or not. Hornby’s model of parental participation is considered in relation to parental strengths and parental contribution. Parents are approached as separate individuals who have the option of choosing (not)participating. Given that both models see parents as part of governing bodies, the chapter provides an account of the involvement/participation of parents as decision-makers in ECEC in different countries.
An inactivating human TRPC6 channel mutation without focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Batool Lilas , Hariharan Krithika , Xu Yao , Kaßmann Mario , Tsvetkov Dmitry , Gohlke Björn-Oliver , Kaden Sylvia , Gossen Manfred , Nürnberg Bernd , Kurtz Andreas , Gollasch Maik 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTransient receptor potential cation channel-6 (TRPC6) gene mutations cause familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which is inherited as an autosomal dominant disease. In patients with TRPC6-related FSGS, all mutations map to the N- or C-terminal TRPC6 protein domains. Thus far, the majority of TRPC6 mutations are missense resulting in increased or decreased calcium influx; however, the fundamental molecular mechanisms causing cell injury and kidney pathology are unclear. We report a novel heterozygous TRPC6 mutation (V691Kfs*) in a large kindred with no signs of FSGS despite a largely truncated TRPC6 protein. We studied the molecular effects of V691Kfs* TRPC6 mutant using the tridimensional cryo-EM structure of the tetrameric TRPC6 protein. The results indicated that V691 is localized at the pore-forming transmembrane region affecting the ion conduction pathway, and predicted that V691Kfs* causes closure of the ion-conducting pathway leading to channel inactivation. We assessed the impact of V691Kfs* and two previously reported TRPC6 disease mutants (P112Q and G757D) on calcium influx in cells. Our data show that the V691Kfs* fully inactivated the TRCP6 channel-specific calcium influx consistent with a complete loss-of-function phenotype. Furthermore, the V691Kfs* truncation exerted a dominant negative effect on the full-length TRPC6 proteins. In conclusion, the V691Kfs* non-functional truncated TRPC6 is not sufficient to cause FSGS. Our data corroborate recently characterized TRPC6 loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants suggesting that one defective TRPC6 gene copy is not sufficient to cause FSGS. We underscore the importance of increased rather than reduced calcium influx through TRPC6 for podocyte cell death.