bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Decision Problem for Effective Procedures
Authors: Salmón Nathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe “somewhat vague, intuitive” notion from computability theory of an effective procedure (method) or algorithm can be fairly precisely defined even if it is not sufficiently formal and precise to belong to mathematics proper (in a narrow sense)—and even if (as many have asserted) for that reason the Church–Turing thesis is unprovable. It is proved logically that the class of effective procedures is not decidable, i.e., that there is no effective procedure for ascertaining whether a given procedure is effective. This result is proved directly from the notion itself of an effective procedure, without reliance on any (partly) mathematical lemma, conjecture, or thesis invoking recursiveness or Turing-computability. In fact, there is no reliance on anything very mathematical. The proof does not even appeal to a precise definition of ‘effective procedure’. Instead, it relies solely and entirely on a basic grasp of the intuitive notion of an effective procedure. Though the result that effectiveness is undecidable is not surprising, it is also not without significance. It has the consequence, for example, that the solution to a decision problem, if it is to be complete, must be accompanied by a separate argument that the proposed ascertainment procedure invariably terminates with the correct verdict.
On the Influence of Precipitation on the Dynamic Strain Aging in Mg-2%Nd
Authors: Garcés Gerardo , Pérez Pablo , Medina Judit , Barea Rafael , Gómez Adrián , García Javier , Adeva Paloma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Mg-2%Nd alloy, thermally treated at 520°C and quenched, exhibits plastic instabilities at intermediate temperatures between 100°C and 300°C when it is compressively tested because of the dynamic strain aging phenomenon caused by the presence of neodymium atoms in solid solution. During compression tests, there is a competition between the precipitation of Mg-Nd particles and the DSA phenomenon, which depends largely on the test temperature. Thus, below 200°C, the formation of neodymium-rich precipitates is slow, and the interaction is insignificant. Under these conditions, the alloy exhibits a normal behavior of the DSA, i.e., the critical strain decreases with the increase in the test temperature. However, for test temperatures > 200°C, the formation of neodymium-rich precipitates is faster and the evolution of the critical strain with temperature is inverted because of the decrease of neodymium in solid solution.
Deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2 (DLEU2): a possible biomarker that holds promise for future diagnosis and treatment of cancer
Authors: Qu Xue , Cao Yu-xia , Xing Yuan-xin , Liu Qi , Li Huan-jie , Yang Wei-hua , Wang Ban-qin , Han Shu-yi , Wang Yun-shan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mechanism of deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2 (DLEU2)-long non-coding RNA in tumors has become a major point of interest in recent research related to the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. Recent studies have shown that the long non-coding RNA DLEU2 (lncRNA-DLEU2) can cause abnormal gene or protein expression by acting on downstream targets in cancers. At present, most lncRNA-DLEU2 play the role of oncogenes in different tumors, which are mostly associated with tumor characteristics, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The data thus far show that because lncRNA-DLEU2 plays an important role in most tumors, targeting abnormal lncRNA-DLEU2 may be an effective treatment strategy for early diagnosis and improving the prognosis of patients. In this review, we integrated lncRNA-DLEU2 expression in tumors, its biological functions, molecular mechanisms, and the utility of DLEU2 as an effective diagnostic and prognostic marker of tumors. This study aimed to provide a potential direction for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of tumors using lncRNA-DLEU2 as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
The influence of the mass on the finish time in skeleton and luge competitions, and the fairness of rules and regulations
Authors: Fuss Franz Konstantin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn gravity-powered sports, more mass at the same drag area results in a shorter finish time. Based on the body mass data and the finish times of the Skeleton and Luge competitions at the 2018 Winter Olympics, this study investigated the fairness of rules, by establishing trends between finish time and body mass or simulated system mass. A glide model served for the assessment of the sensitivity of mass, drag area and coefficient of friction, and for determining how much mass were required to tie with the next higher rank of the first four athletes of each competition. The rules of Skeleton and Luge competitions permit the use of ballast mass as a function of the athletes’ body mass, but the reference mass was up to 10 kg too low. When correlating the finish time with the body mass, all trends were significant (p ≤ 0.032; α = 0.05) which indicated that the finish times were mass dependent. Correlating the finish time with the simulated system mass reveals the same result except for the men’s Luge competition. The sensitivity analysis showed that 15% change of an input parameter resulted in about 1% change of the finish time. Despite the low sensitivity, the masses required to tie with the next highest rank ranged from 0.02 to 20 kg, with a median of 0.7 kg. The skeleton rules were improved in 2020 which now provide equal conditions across a wide range of body masses; however, the current Luge rules still disadvantage lighter athletes even when using the permitted ballast mass.
A review of key terminology and definitions used for birth defects globally
Authors: Malherbe HL , Modell B , Blencowe H , Strong KL , Aldous C 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBirth defects, also known as congenital disorders, are a significant health issue impacting at least five million births annually worldwide. For policymakers to mount a relevant healthcare response to care for those affected, the burden of disease of these conditions must be quantified. Estimates of the contribution of birth defects to under-5 child mortality and morbidity are generated by several groups globally. These estimates often differ, causing confusion for policymakers. While some differences may be attributed to the data sources and methods used, much is due to a lack of clarity in the terminology used for the group of disorders classed as “congenital”. This study aimed to gain insight into the diversity of terms and definitions for birth defects, including those used routinely by relevant international/national organisations and in the peer-reviewed literature. This two-part study included (1) scoping review of peer-reviewed literature to identify terms and definitions in use for birth defects and (2) review of key websites and grey literature to identify terms and definitions used. The results of this study indicate a wide variety of terms being used, often interchangeably and undefined, in peer-reviewed publications, on institutional websites and related literature. This suggests a lack of clarity related to terminology and sets the scene for further discussion, recommending that the community of practice working on birth defects comes to a consensus on standard terminology and definitions for global uptake and implementation. Such standardisation will facilitate a common understanding of the burden of these disorders globally, regionally and within countries so that action can be taken to support affected children and their families.
Captive Offshoring, Innovation and Market Diffusion: Evidence from the Swedish Community Innovation Survey
Authors: Schubert Torben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough the effects of captive offshoring on firm innovation have increasingly become a subject of study, the literature did so far not distinguish between the effects on introducing innovation as opposed to the effects their market diffusion. This distinction is important. By integrating insights from the innovation diffusion literature, we argue that the effects of captive offshoring on home base innovation are likely to differ between the generation and the diffusion phases. Using a matched employer-employee panel dataset drawn from consecutive waves of the Swedish Community Innovation Survey (CIS) between 2009 and 2015, it is shown that captive offshoring, as measured by the share of employees at foreign locations, has an inverted u-shape effect on innovation propensity (with positive effects for the average firm). In contrast, employment offshoring does not, on average, affect the rate of diffusion as measured by the share of turnover from new products. For firms with more novel product innovations, the effects are even negative.
Quality assessment of non-roof harvested rainwater in industrial layouts of Enugu, South East Nigeria
Authors: Okudo Calistus C. , Ekere Nwachukwu R. , Okoye Chukwuma O. B. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNon-roof harvested rainwater was studied in Enugu industrial layouts of Emene and Iva Valley to determine the quality of the water. The determination was based on physicochemical parameters and concentration of 7 heavy metals, namely copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The physicochemical parameters of the rainwater: pH, colour, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity were determined using Hanna water quality checker, and the anions nitrate, sulphate, chloride and phosphate were analysed in accordance to standard methods. The concentrations of Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd were determined using FS240 Agilent Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The mean values (mg/l) of the metals: Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Zn, Pb and Cd in Emene sample are as follows: 0.12 ± 0.01, 0.10 ± 0.02, 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.03 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, 0.58 ± 0.11 and 0.17 ± 0.07, while Iva Valley sample recorded 0.08 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.82 ± 0.06, 0.09 ± 0.02, 0.26 ± 0.01, 0.48 ± 0.04 and 0.31 ± 0.08, respectively. Some of these values are within or above the standard limit of World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). It is important to note that these metals are toxic, persistence and have the potential to bioaccumulate. Therefore, non-roof harvested rainwater is not ready to consume water without some form of treatment. Monitoring, treatment and awareness on the harvesting and use of rainwater should be emphasized.
Outcomes of surgical treatment of diverticular abscesses after failure of antibiotic therapy
Authors: Arezzo Alberto , Nicotera Antonella , Bonomo Luca Domenico , Olandese Francesco , Veglia Simona , Ferguglia Alice , Pentassuglia Giuseppe , Mingrone Giuseppe , Morino Mario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractManagement of diverticular abscess (DA) is still controversial. Antibiotic therapy is indicated in abscesses ≤ 4 cm, while percutaneous drainage/surgery in abscesses > 4 cm. The study aims to assess the role of antibiotics and surgical treatments in patients affected by DA. We retrospectively analyzed 100 consecutive patients with DA between 2013 and 2020, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. They were divided into two groups depending on abscess size ≤ or > 4 cm (group 1 and group 2, respectively). All patients were initially treated with intravenous antibiotics. Surgery was considered in patients with generalized peritonitis at admission or after the failure of antibiotic therapy. The primary endpoint was to compare recurrence rates for antibiotics and surgery. The secondary endpoint was to assess the failure rate of each antibiotic regimen resulting in surgery. In group 1, 31 (72.1%) patients were conservatively treated and 12 (27.9%) underwent surgery. In group 2, percentages were respectively 50.9% (29 patients) and 49.1% (28 patients). We observed 4 recurrences in group 1 and 6 in group 2. Recurrence required surgery in 3 patients/group. We administered amoxicillin-clavulanic acid to 74 patients, piperacillin-tazobactam to 14 patients and ciprofloxacin + metronidazole to 12 patients. All patients referred to surgery had been previously treated with amoxicillin-Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation clavulanic acid. No percutaneous drainage was performed in a hundred consecutive patients. Surgical treatment was associated with a lower risk of recurrence in patients with abscess > 4 cm, compared to antibiotics. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was associated with a higher therapeutic failure rate than piperacillin-tazobactam/ciprofloxacin + metronidazole.
Health monitoring of ultra high fiber performance reinforced concrete communication tower using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Saleem Sarah , Hejazi Farzad , Ostovar Nima 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWithin the last decades, the needed for communication towers has accelerated with the requirements for effective communication, especially for radio, radar, and television. The complexity configuration of the tower and limit access to the structure body especially inner part of the tower with hollow section is led the health monitoring of tower as the main challenging issue to maintenance during its function. The change of natural frequencies can be considered as one of the prevalent damage detection methods in structural assessment procedures. Therefore, the main aim of present research is to develop health monitoring system for Ultra High Fiber Performance Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) communication tower based on frequency domain response. Since the frequency data of tower is mostly noisy and interpreting of frequency in different modes in variant case of tower damage. The hybrid algorithm based on the Adaboost, Bagging and RUSBoost algorithms are implemented to identify the damage in the UHPFRC communication tower using frequency domain data. The training samples for the algorithm are obtained from a finite element simulation and full-scale experiment testing is also performed to generate the testing samples. The finite element simulation dynamic frequency results are verified through conducting a full-scale experimental test on 30 m height UHPFRC communication tower. For this propose, frequency Response Functions (FRF’s), for healthy and damaged structures were obtained by exciting of tower by an impact hammer and the acceleration response recorded by three accelerometers sensors attached in suitable positions. The developed hybrid algorithm to identifying the damage is tested and verified by considering the part of tower segments 2–3 and conducting experimental testing on the healthy structure as well as a damaged structure which caused using dynamic actuator. The testing results proved the accuracy of the developed optimized hybrid algorithm to identify damage in the tower structure in variant condition.
Schistosomiasis in Europe
Authors: Gabrielli Albis Francesco , Garba Djirmay Amadou 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purposeof Review
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the burden of schistosomiasis in the European continent. It discusses three subjects: the endemic forms of non-human schistosomiasis in Europe; the introduction of transmission of human schistosomiasis into Europe; and the occurrence of imported cases of human schistosomiasis.

Recent Findings
Europe is not endemic for human schistosomiasis; nevertheless, it is affected by the disease in multiple ways, although the magnitude of the burden remains elusive because of gaps in surveillance and reporting.

Summary
Schistosomiasis is a global neglected disease prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. As of 2022, it is estimated that 251 million people require preventive chemotherapy for schistosomiasis, 90% of whom live in Africa. In Europe, human schistosomiasis is frequently detected in migrants from endemic countries who reach the continent. Additionally, outbreaks due to local transmission can sporadically occur following the introduction of schistosomes in one of the many freshwater bodies in southern Europe where competent snail hosts are found. Finally, human cercarial dermatitis is frequently occurring in Europe, because of the presence of avian schistosomiasis in several countries across the continent. A stronger epidemiological surveillance and reporting system, coupled with more surveys on humans and snails, can contribute to better assess and characterize the burden of schistosomiasis in Europe.
Trimester-specific reference intervals for thyroid function parameters in pregnant Caucasian women using Roche platforms: a prospective study
Authors: Dorizzi R. M. , Spiazzi G. , Rolli N. , Maltoni P. , Mingolla L. , Sgarzani C. , Torello M. , Tosi F. , Bonin C. , Moghetti P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Standard thyroid function parameters reference intervals (RI) are unsuitable during pregnancy, potentially resulting in incongruous treatments that may cause adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. We aimed at defining trimester-specific TSH, FT4 and FT3 RI, using samples longitudinally collected from healthy Caucasian women.

Materials and methods
Blood samples from 150 healthy Caucasian women, who had a physiological gestation and a healthy newborn at term, were collected in each trimester and at around six months post-partum. They showed mild iodine deficiency. After excluding women with overt TSH abnormalities (> 10 mU/L) and/or TPO antibodies, data from 139 pregnant women were analyzed by means of widely used Roche platforms, and TSH, FT4 and FT3 trimester-specific RI were calculated. Post-partum data were available for 55 subjects.

Results
Serum TSH RI were 0.34–3.81 mU/L in the first trimester, and changed slightly to 0.68–4.07 U/L and 0.63–4.00 mU/L in the second and third trimester, respectively. Conversely, both FT4 and FT3 concentrations progressively decreased during pregnancy, the median values in the third trimester being 14.8% and 13.2% lower, respectively, than in the first trimester. Thyroid function parameters in the first trimester were similar to those measured after the end of pregnancy.

Conclusions
This study calculates trimester-specific RI for thyroid function parameters in pregnancy, and proposes the reference limits that should be adopted when using Roche platforms in Caucasian women.
Habitat Suitability Models of a Critically Endangered Cold-water Coral, Isidella Elongata, in the Mallorca Channel
Authors: Standaert Ward , Puerta Patricia , Mastrototaro Francesco , Palomino Desirée , Aguilar Ricardo , Ramiro-Sánchez Berta , Vázquez Juan-Tomás , Guillamón Olga Sánchez , Marin Pilar , Blanco Jorge , Orejas Covadonga 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe bamboo coral Isidella elongata is often associated with a diverse community, including commercial fish species, playing an important role in the deep-sea Mediterranean as a biodiversity hotspot. There has been a drastic decrease of the populations of this species since the twentieth century, mainly related to impacts of fishing, leading to its inclusion in the Barcelona Convention and the list of Mediterranean vulnerable marine ecosystems. However, the knowledge on its local scale distribution is still very limited. In this study, habitat suitability models were performed based on a dense population of I. elongata, located in the Mallorca Channel (western Mediterranean), to contribute to fill this knowledge gap. Generalized additive models, Maximum entropy models and Random Forest were combined into an ensemble model. Models showed that habitat is most suitable on smooth plains surrounding the seamounts of Ses Olives and Ausiàs March present in the study area. Furthermore, two models out of three showed a preference of the coral for flat areas. The predictions of the habitat suitability models presented in this study can be useful to design protection measures for this critically endangered species to contribute to the species’ and deep-sea fisheries management.
A green strategy for porous biochar fabrication with superior capacity for peroxydisulfate activation to degrade sulfadiazine: the cooperative role of C-sp3 and specific surface area
Authors: Wang Shulian , Huang Yan , Ma Shuanglong , Zhan Sihui , Wang Jingzhen , Gao Boqiang , Tang Xiaodan , Zhu Qiuhui , Xu Shengjun , Zhuang Xuliang 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal-free porous biochars are popularly utilized as catalysts for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The enhancement effect of PDS activation of porous biochars fabricated by employing both hard template and alkali metal activating agent has not been explored completely. In addition, the role of the inherent carbon defect in PDS activation has not been clearly elucidated. Hence, a series of carbonaceous catalysts were fabricated using a sole template (KCl), a sole activating agent (Na2S2O3) or a combination of template and activating agent (KCl/Na2S2O3, KCl/KHCO3, KCl/NaHCO3, and KCl/Na2C2O4), to systematically investigate the effect of specific surface area (SSA) and intrinsic defect of porous biochar on its PDS activation ability. The biochar synthesized by KCl and Na2S2O3 (SK-C) exhibited the optimum degradation performance. The SK-C was found to possess an interconnected hollow cage with three-dimensional mesh structure showing the largest surface area, pore volume and C-sp3 edge defect content among all the catalysts, which explained its paramount catalytic ability. The SSA and C-sp3 content together can determine the catalytic performance in a quantitative relationship. The single electron transfer pathway from SDZ to inner-sphere bound SK-C/PDS* was the protagonist of pollutant oxidation. The degradation intermediates were detected and recognized and their toxicities were evaluated. This study for the first time comprehensively identified the synergistic effect between the SSA and inherent defects on improving the catalytic performance of biochar for PDS activation to removal contaminants.
Graphical Abstract
Porous Zirconia Blocks Embedded with Platelet Rich Fibrin for Enhanced Bone Healing: Mechanical and Morphological Assessment
Authors: Sampaio Nuno , Noronha Oliveira Miguel , Carvalho Oscar , Manzanares-Céspedes Maria Cristina , Silva Filipe , Henriques Bruno , Souza Júlio C. M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExtensive bone defects can not be repaired with traditional porous blocks composed of graft ceramics concerning the low strength of the materials. In this way, zirconia porous blocks become alternative bone graft material for repairing of extensive bone sites considering their physical properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength and morphological aspects of porous zirconia blocks embedded with platelet rich fibrin for enhanced bone healing. Porous blocks composed of yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) were manufactured by the replica method using a polyurethane sponge. Specimens were submitted to a heat treatment at 1 °C/min up to 1500 °C for 120 min. Half of specimens were embedded with an injectable platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF). On i-PRF, harvested blood was immediately centrifuged by using a high-quality table centrifuge at 2700 rpm (408 g) and at room temperature for 3 min. Random specimens were prepared for morphological analyses by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Groups of specimens were mechanically assessed by compressive strength and nano-indentation tests. Porous structures composed of (Y-TZP) revealed high strength values even though interconnected pores had large dimensions. The size of pores was proper for cell migration, bone ingrowth, and angiogenesis. The incorporation of platelet rich fibrin promoted an increase in compressive strength of the porous YTZP structure. However, a decrease in strength of the porous structures was noted with the increase of number and size of pores. Fragile porous zirconia blocks can reveal an adequate strength for surgical handling and tissue healing at extensive bone repair. Also, the incorporation of further bioactive absorbable materials such as platelet rich fibrin increases the strength of the porous structures. The combination of zirconia porous blocks and platelet rich fibrin can enhance the bone healing leading to low risks of clinical issues.
Graphical Abstract