bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of Inclined Position and Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Indicators
Authors: Paul Ian M. , Shedlock Katherine E. , Schaefer Eric W. , Stoute Ellen J. , Rosen Rachel 
Published: April 2023

Objective:
To reduce gastroesophageal reflux, infants are commonly placed in an inclined position. We sought to observe the extent to which infants exhibit (1) oxygen desaturation and bradycardia in supine and inclined positions and (2) signs and symptoms of post-feed regurgitation in these positions.

Study Design:
Healthy infants aged 1–5 months with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (N = 25) and controls (N = 10) were enrolled into one post-feed observation. Infants were monitored in a prototype reclining device for consecutive 15-minute periods in supine position with head elevations of 0°, 10°, 18°, and 28° in random order. Continuous pulse oximetry assessed hypoxia (O2 saturation <94%) and bradycardia (heart rate <100). Regurgitation episodes and other symptoms were recorded. Mothers assessed comfort using an ordinal scale. Incident rate ratios were estimated using Poisson or negative binomial regression models.

Results:
Among infants with GERD, in each position, most had no episodes of hypoxia, bradycardia, or regurgitation. Overall, 17 (68%) infants had 80 episodes of hypoxia (median 20 seconds duration), 13 (54%) had 33 episodes of bradycardia (median 22 seconds duration), and 15 (60%) had 28 episodes of regurgitation. For all 3 outcomes, incident rate ratios were not significantly different between positions, and no differences were discovered for observed symptoms or infant comfort.

Conclusions:
Brief episodes of hypoxia and bradycardia as well as observed regurgitation are common for infants with GERD placed in the supine position after a feed with no differences in outcomes at various degrees of head elevation. These data may be used to power future, larger, and longer evaluations. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04542239.
Low-dose cone-beam computed tomography for assessment of alveolar clefts, a randomized controlled trial in image quality
Authors: Lemberger Mathias , Regnstrand Tobias , Karsten Agneta , Benchimol Daniel , Shi Xie-qi 
Published: April 2023

Background:
Children born with an alveolar cleft receive bone grafts for improved function and aesthetics. The cleft area is radiologically examined before and post bone graft. Optimizing x-ray examination protocols is essential to protect these patients from possible delayed radiation injury later in life. This study investigates whether image quality of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) exposed with an ultra-low dose (ULD) protocol is comparable to the clinical default protocol, the standard dose (SD) protocol, in visualizing details of importance in bone grafting of alveolar clefts.

Methods:
In this randomized controlled study, 72 patients with uni- or bilateral alveolar clefts between 9-19 years (mean age 9.5) were randomized 1:1 with either a ULD or an SD CBCT examination protocol. The CBCT scans were conducted with Planmeca ProMax Mid with an 8x5cm field of view. Two experienced radiologists blindly evaluated the images and visibility of cortical bone border, trabecular bone, tooth anatomy, root development, periodontal space, and cleft width. The visibility was categorized as unacceptable, acceptable, or excellent.

Results:
Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant differences in structure visibility between ULD and SD protocols regarding anatomical structures of interest: cortical bone border (p=0.07), trabecular bone (p=0.64), tooth anatomy (p=0.09), root development (p=0.57), periodontal space (p=0.38), and cleft width (p=0.44).

Conclusions:
ULD and standard CBCT protocols provide comparable image quality in terms of structure visibility in the examination of alveolar clefts. The ULD protocol is preferred to the SD protocol due to the lower radiation dose without compromising diagnostic information of CBCT images.
Strongyloidiasis-related lung involvement: too much of a bad thing
Authors: Barkati Sapha , Greenaway Christina , Libman Michael 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Strongyloidiasis is a soil-transmitted helminthiasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects 300–900 million individuals globally. Strongyloides stercoralis is associated with cutaneous, respiratory, and gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. Chronicity is due to an autoinfective cycle, and host immunosuppression can lead to severe and fatal disease. Lung involvement is significant in severe strongyloidiasis, and Strongyloides has a complex association with a number of lung diseases, which will be discussed in this review.

Recent findings
The treatment of chronic lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with corticosteroids is an important risk factor for Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome (SHS)/disseminated strongyloidiasis. The use of corticosteroids in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and potentially COVID-19-induced eosinopenia are risk factors for severe strongyloidiasis. Recent findings have demonstrated a significant immunomodulatory role of Strongyloides in both latent and active pulmonary tuberculosis associated to an impaired immune response and poor outcomes in active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Summary

Strongyloides lung involvement is a common finding in severe infection. Prompt recognition of Strongyloides infection as well as prevention of severe disease by screening or presumptive treatment are important goals in order to improve Strongyloides outcomes in at-risk population.
Amebic encephalitis and meningoencephalitis: an update on epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and treatment
Authors: Haston Julia C. , Cope Jennifer R. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose of review
Free-living amebae (FLA) including Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and Acanthamoeba species can cause rare, yet severe infections that are nearly always fatal. This review describes recent developments in epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of amebic meningoencephalitis.

Recent findings
Despite similarities among the three pathogenic FLA, there are notable variations in disease presentations, routes of transmission, populations at risk, and outcomes for each. Recently, molecular diagnostic tools have been used to diagnose a greater number of FLA infections. Treatment regimens for FLA have historically relied on survivor reports; more data is needed about novel treatments, including nitroxoline.

Summary
Research to identify new drugs and guide treatment regimens for amebic meningoencephalitis is lacking. However, improved diagnostic capabilities may lead to earlier diagnoses, allowing earlier treatment initiation and improved outcomes. Public health practitioners should continue to prioritize increasing awareness and providing education to clinicians, laboratorians, and the public about amebic infections.
Predictive Factors of Hospital-Acquired Bacterial Infections in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Restrepo-Escobar Mauricio , Granda-Carvajal Paula A. , Aguirre-Acevedo Daniel C. , Jaimes Fabián , Vásquez Gloria M. 
Published: April 2023

Objective
We aimed to identify the predictive factors of hospital-acquired bacterial infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods
This chart review study included patients with SLE who were hospitalized between 2009 and 2020 for reasons other than infection. The outcome was defined as any infection confirmed using any bacterial isolation method or diagnosed by treating physicians and required treatment with intravenous antibiotics. For statistical analysis, logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results
In total, 1678 patients (87.6% women) were included. The median age was 33 years (interquartile range, 24–47 years). The incidence of hospital-acquired infections was 13.9% (233 infections). Age, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics damage score, blood urea nitrogen and C-reactive protein levels, dosage of steroid in the previous month, recent use of 1 or more immunosuppressants, admission with a central venous catheter (or dialysis catheter), and use of central venous catheter or bladder catheter in the first 5 days were the predictive factors of nosocomial infections.

Conclusion
The patients' infection risk profile should be assessed to accurately determine the risk-benefit balance of any therapeutic intervention, minimize exposure to steroids and immunosuppressants, and maintain a low threshold for the early diagnosis of infections. Further studies should assess whether the modification of some identified factors could reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.
Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sarcopenia in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Tam Keith , Wong-Pack Matthew , Liu Theodore , Adachi Jonathan , Lau Arthur , Ma Jinhui , Papaioannou Alexandra , Rodrigues Isabel B. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sarcopenia is underrecognized in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Risk factors of sarcopenia and its impact on outcomes in RA patients are relatively unknown. We conducted a systematic review to identify factors and outcomes associated with sarcopenia in RA. We conducted this review according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. We searched PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases by combining the following search concepts: (1) RA and (2) sarcopenia. Articles were included if they included RA patients, assessed for sarcopenia using a consensus working group definition, and assessed for clinical outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using studies that shared the same sarcopenia definition and consistency in reporting patient or disease variables. Our search identified 3602 articles. After removal of duplicates, title and abstract screen, and full-text review, 16 articles were included for final analysis. All studies had observational study designs. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 24% to 30%, depending on the criteria for sarcopenia used. Factors associated with sarcopenia included higher 28-joint Disease Activity Scale scores (+0.39; 95% confidence interval, +0.02 to +0.77) and baseline methotrexate use (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.97). Baseline glucocorticoid use had a positive correlation with sarcopenia in multiple studies. Several studies found lower bone mineral density and higher incidence of falls and fractures in patients with sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is prevalent in RA, and it may be associated with higher RA disease activity, lower bone mineral density, and increased falls and fractures. Therefore, early screening of sarcopenia in RA patients is important to incorporate into clinical rheumatology practice.
Seeing Beyond the Symptoms: Biomarkers and Brain Regions Linked to Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hojjati Seyed Hani , Babajani-Feremi Abbas ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, and its pathological process can only be detected through clinical approaches. Early diagnosis of AD is difficult, as most individuals with AD are not diagnosed in the early stages, and symptoms become more prominent as the disease progresses. Therefore, identifying specific biomarkers and predicting AD in the early stages is crucial. In this study, we aimed to identify effective biomarkers and brain regions that are strongly associated with cognitive decline in AD.MethodsWe included a large sample of 1759 individuals, covering a range of cognitive aging, including healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. We extracted nine different biomarkers based on three neuroimaging modalities: structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to predict three neuropsychological scores: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDRSB), and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS). Rather than integrating biomarkers, we monitored and explored the complex interrelated mechanisms underlying the development of AD separately for each biomarker. For prediction tasks, we used the ensemble regression tree by implementing bagging and random forest techniques in four different combination groups consisting of different subsets of subject categories (i.e., HC, MCI, and AD).ResultsOur results demonstrated that different biomarkers could predict all three cognitive scores, and we identified the most associated features with the cognitive scores, including (a) the right transverse temporal based on Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, (b) the left and right entorhinal cortex, left inferior temporal gyrus, and left middle temporal gyrus based on average cortical thickness (ATH), and (c) the left uncinate fasciculus based on mean diffusivity (MD).ConclusionsThe results of this study emphasize the significance of taking an interdisciplinary approach in comprehending the underlying mechanisms of AD. Additionally, these findings shed light on the diversity of the disease and have the potential to contribute to the development of more efficient treatments.
Design and evaluation of a self-paced cybersecurity tool
Authors: Shojaifar Alireza , Fricker Samuel A. 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to present the evaluation of a self-paced tool, CyberSecurity Coach (CYSEC), and discuss the adoption of CYSEC for cybersecurity capability improvement in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Cybersecurity is increasingly a concern for SMEs. Previous literature has explored the role of tools for awareness raising. However, few studies validated the effectiveness and usefulness of cybersecurity tools for SMEs in real-world practices.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is built on a qualitative approach to investigating how CYSEC is used in SMEs to support awareness raising and capability improvement. CYSEC was placed in operation in 12 SMEs. This study first conducted a survey study and then nine structured interviews with chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief information security officers (CISO).

Findings
The results emphasise that SMEs are heterogeneous. Thus, one cybersecurity solution may not suit all SMEs. The findings specify that the tool’s adoption varied quite widely. Four factors are primary determinants influencing the adoption of CYSEC: personalisation features, CEOs’ or CISOs’ awareness level, CEOs’ or CISOs’ cybersecurity and IT knowledge and skill and connection to cybersecurity expertise.

Originality/value
This empirical study provides new insights into how a self-paced tool has been used in SMEs. This study advances the understanding of cybersecurity activities in SMEs by studying the adoption of CYSEC. Moreover, this study proposes significant dimensions for future research.
The correlation between social resilience and flooding in low-income communities: a case of Mzuzu City, Malawi
Authors: Bwanali Wisdom , Manda Mtafu 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Floods are among the most frequent urban disasters in cities of the global south where capacity and resource limitations collude with rapid urbanization to force many poor people to live in flood prone settlements. This paper investigated the impact of flood disasters on social resilience of low-income communities in Mzuzu City, Malawi.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a quantitative design, 345 households were interviewed in Zolozolo West and Mzilawaingwe Wards in Mzuzu City. The survey instrument achieved a 100% response rate. A reliability test using Cronbach’s alpha showed internal consistency of survey instrument at 0.711 for Zolozolo West Ward and 0.730 for Mzilawaingwe Ward.

Findings
Out of the eleven indicators of social resilience used in this study, six indicators showed no correlation with the outcome expectancy of social resilience. Of the five indicators that showed relationship with social resilience, only improvisation and inventiveness (rs = 0.356, p = 0.000 at two-tailed, n = 213; rs = 0.610, p = 0.000 at two-tailed, n = 132) had a strong relationship with the outcome expectancy of social resilience.

Research limitations/implications
The study was only conducted in two settlements; caution should be observed when generalizing the results.

Practical implications
Practitioners should ensure that social resilience strengthening mechanisms are incorporated in flood risk management as they strive to achieve SDG 11 of making cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

Originality/value
The study showed how floods can negatively impact the social resilience of low-income communities, which is different from common knowledge that floods can enhance community social resilience.
The role of motivational interviewing training in supporting the practice of COVID-19 contact tracers
Authors: Atkinson Cathy , Barrow Joanna , Earnshaw Paul 
Published: April 2023

PurposeTo explore how motivational interviewing (MI) training might benefit the practice of COVID-19 contact tracers.Design/methodology/approachFollowing co-production of a MI training package, with a United Kingdom (UK) track and trace organisation, training was delivered virtually to 101 volunteer participants involved in contact tracing. Data were captured via an online survey, incorporating questions from recognised measures of occupational self-efficacy and workplace wellbeing, prior to the training. Open data fields were used to gather feedback about participants' reasons for attending, and views about the training afterwards.FindingsAlthough the contact tracers reported high occupational self-efficacy and workplace wellbeing, both quantitative and qualitative data suggested participants saw practitioner value and utility in MI.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was self-selecting and typically involved contact tracers from UK local authorities. The study did not measure impact on compliance with self-isolation guidance and/or providing details of contacts, and larger-scale research would be needed to establish this. This was not a pre-post-test evaluation study, and measures of occupational self-efficacy and workplace wellbeing were gathered to give insight into the sample and to test the feasibility of using this survey for a future large-scale study. The research was conducted during the height of the pandemic. While UK COVID-19 contact tracing services have since been reduced, there are potential implications for infection control more generally.Practical implicationsMI is potentially a useful approach for enhancing contact tracing practice. However, implementation factors should be carefully considered, to ensure effective and sustainable practice.Social implicationsImproved practice in contact tracing could have potential benefits in infection control, through improving compliance with central guidance, although this requires more widespread investigation.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to investigate how MI training could benefit COVID-19 contact tracing practice.
The optimisation of Qardhul Hasan management in Islamic banking: enhancing its role in empowering the community
Authors: Nugraheni Peni , Muhammad Rifqi 
Published: April 2023

Purpose
Qardhul Hasan (QH) is a type of Islamic contract that prioritises benevolent aspects between beneficiaries and the fund provider. The effective management and distribution of QH can contribute to overcoming economic problems in society. This study aims to explore the potential to enlarge the sources of QH funding and QH financing in Indonesian Islamic banks. The paper proposes a framework for QH management in Islamic banks by identifying the sources of QH funds as well as the management and potential allocations of QH funds.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a descriptive analysis method with a framework-based review to discuss the strategy of optimising the sources, financing and management of QH in Islamic banks. The implementation of QH in the Islamic banking industry is described based on the previous literature and current phenomena.

Findings
To positively impact economic development, Islamic banks can collaborate with parties that are more focused on charitable activities and have greater resources to channel and use QH funds. This study also formulates a framework of QH funds management that prioritises efforts to multiply benefits for both the fund provider and the beneficiaries.

Research limitations/implications
The descriptive method used in this paper comprises preliminary research to analyse the current phenomena and potential strategies that can be implemented. Future studies may use empirical data to strengthen the analysis.

Practical implications
The recommendations of this paper can be used by relevant social fund management institutions in collaboration with Islamic banking.

Social implications
QH reflects not only the social aspects of Islamic banks and extends beyond their corporate social responsibility activities, its effective management will make a greater contribution to reducing the level of unemployment, poverty alleviation and supporting the country’s economic development.

Originality/value
This paper provides a framework that integrates financial institutions in maximising QH fund management to encourage greater benefits for the community. Although previous studies have mentioned the important role of QH, relatively few have considered how Islamic banks maximise its management.