bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing enhanced X-Ray radiation shielding of 2D layered materials and their laminar heterostructures
Authors: Yu Le , Nine Md J. , Tung Tran T. , Pereira Ana C. , Hassan Kamrul , Tran Diana , Santos Alexandre , Losic Dusan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper demonstrates a new concept of using two-dimensional (2D) layered materials and their heterostructures for enhanced X-ray radiation shielding. This phenomenon is revealed by characterization the X-ray shielding performances of several 2D materials with high atomic numbers (Z) including MoS2, antimonene (Sb), and MXene prepared as multi-layered and heterostructured films by assembly of their few-layer (FL) sheets. Results showed considerable X-ray shielding enhancement of (40-50 %) at 30kVp for individual 2D multi-layered films compared with their bulk structures of these materials. Furthermore, when these multi-layered films were combined into laminar heterostructures structures (e.g. MoS2+MXene) further enhancement of ca 60 % was achieved. The mechanism of the observed X-ray shielding enhancement by these multi-layered 2D structures is not clear at this stage. It is postulated to be the result of an additional multiple scattering and reflections of photons between multiple layers of 2D crystals inside the film, that is not occurred in uniform bulk material. The presented results suggest that multi-layered 2D materials with high atomic numbers (Z) and their laminar heterostructures can offer a new and promising strategy for designing of a new generation of Pb-free radiation-shielding materials that is urgently needed across broad sectors.
The Internet vs kidney stones: What is the state of online kidney stone prevention information?
Authors: Salka Bassel , El-Saidi Nadir , Naqshabandi Dawan , Kazkaz Belgin , Gorgen Antonio , Patel Roshan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The incidence of kidney stones continues to increase despite strong evidence of medical prevention of stone formation. With many patients seeking health information online, little is known regarding the quality of kidney stone prevention information available today. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of kidney stone prevention information online. METHODS: We analyzed the first 50 results of the search term “kidney stone prevention” on the most popular search engine (Google), long-form media player (YouTube), short-form media player (TikTok) and social media platform (Instagram). Only content in English, related to the topic, and with greater than 1,000 views (when available) were included. Video quality was assessed utilizing DISCERN, a tool used to appraise consumer health information and the proportion of content that accurately represents AUA medical management guidelines. RESULTS: The average DISCERN score was statistically greatest on Google (60.1) followed by Youtube (40.4), TikTok (26.6) and Instagram (28.8). The most common type of content creator was Health Systems on Google (72%), physician personal creator on YouTube (56%), and non-physician personal creator on TikTok (84%) and Instagram (56%). TikTok is the only platform that shows a significantly different DISCERN score between healthcare/physician creators and non-physician creators. CONCLUSION: Kidney stone prevention content on the Internet is strongest on Google. The majority of videos on TikTok and Instagram are of low quality and fail to address AUA guidelines. Increased engagement on these platforms by urologists can improve education.
Differential Snow Accumulation in Warm Edges Versus Cold Edges of Forest Gaps, and its Potential Implications for Tree Growth in a Sierra Nevada Conifer Forest
Authors: Manning Aidan , Allen Scott , Harpold Adrian , Csank Adam 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Context
Forest gaps affect snowmelt timing and amount because canopies are key controls over snowpack dynamics and interact with topography. Overlying canopy can decrease snowmelt by intercepting snowfall, but it can also reduce ablation rates from increasing shading. Changes in forest structure and canopy gaps, may therefore affect the amount, timing, and duration of snowmelt and potentially forest response to different water limitations.
Objectives
We test how the higher energy-input edges of gaps (‘warm edges’) differ from the lower energy-input edges of gaps (‘cool edges’) with respect to snow depth, snowmelt timing, and tree growth in a snow-dominated forest in the Western US.
Methods
We use multiple dates of LiDAR-based measurement to assess springtime snow depths in warm and cool gap edges in Sagehen Creek Basin, CA. Then we use paired tree sampling and ring width chronologies to ascertain moisture sensitivity of trees adjacent to warm and cool gap edges.
Results
Pre-ablation snow depths in cool gap edges exceeded those in warm gap edges by 9% to 18% (; the effect size depended on elevation and aspect. Snow also persisted longer in cool edges than in warm edges. Growth variations in warm-edge-adjacent trees were more correlated with interannual variations in snow depth those of cool edge trees, although neither had strong correlations.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that forest structures that maximize cool edge area may benefit snow depth and persistence leading to cool-edge trees that are less sensitive to interannual hydroclimatic variability than warm edge trees, despite this effect being small relative to other controls over growth.
The Hidden Toll of War: A Comprehensive Study of Orthopedic Injuries in Yemen
Authors: Hutaif Mohammed , Moaish Abdullah , Soliaman Mosleh , Al-fadliy Anwar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background: Yemen has been experiencing a protracted civil war and humanitarian crisis since 2015, which has resulted in many war-related injuries. However, there is a lack of data on the epidemiology, characteristics, and outcomes of these injuries, especially the orthopedic ones. This study aimed to describe the war-related orthopedic injuries in Yemen and their impact on the patients’ health and function.
Methods: This was a retrospective study based on medical records and trauma registries of 3930 patients who were admitted to three major trauma centers in Sana’a city with war-related orthopedic injuries from January 2015 to December 2020. We collected data on demographics, injury mechanisms, injury types and locations, surgical procedures, complications, mortality, and functional outcomes using the Musculoskeletal Function Assessment (MFA) questionnaire. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data and performed a logistic regression analysis to identify the factors associated with mortality.
Results: Most of the patients were young males and civilians who suffered from complex and severe injuries involving multiple body regions, especially the lower extremities. The main mechanisms of injury were gunshot wounds, blast injuries, and landmine explosions. The patients required multiple surgical procedures and implants, and had high rates of complications and mortality. The most common complications were infection, nonunion, malunion, and amputation. The most common cause of death was sepsis. The functional outcomes were poor, as indicated by the high mean MFA score. The logistic regression analysis showed that older age, blast injuries, spine injuries, vascular injuries, and infection were significant predictors of mortality.
Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the war-related orthopedic injuries in Yemen and their impact on the patients’ health and function. It also identifies some areas for future research, such as exploring the risk factors for infection and nonunion/malunion, evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different surgical procedures and implants, assessing the long-term outcomes and quality of life of the patients, and developing novel strategies to enhance bone and soft-tissue healing.
Development of novel palbociclib-based CDK4/6 inhibitors exploring the back pocket behind the gatekeeper
Authors: Li Lina , Chen Fengquan , Li Mengzhe , Liao Yongxiang , Wang Yongjie , Jiang Wen , Luan Yun , Xue Xia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
CDK4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy is a standard therapy for HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Herein, using structure-based drug design strategy, a novel series of palbociclib derivatives were designed and synthesized as CDK4/6 inhibitors, among which compound 17m exhibited more potent CDK4/6 inhibitory activity and in vitro antiproliferative activity against the phosphorylated Rb-positive cell line MDA-MB-453 than the approved drug palbociclib. Moreover, compound 17m possessed remarkable CDK4/6 selectivity over other CDK family members including CDK1, CDK2, CDK3, CDK5, CDK7 and CDK9. The potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitory activity endowed compound 17m with robust G1 cell cycle arrest ability in MDA-MB-453 cells. The intracellular inhibition of CDK4/6 by 17m was confirmed by western blot analysis of the levels of phosphorylated Rb in MDA-MB-453 cells. With respect to the metabolic stability, compound 17m possessed longer half-life (t1/2) in mouse liver microsome than palbociclib.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene rearrangements: A real-world study in China
Authors: Cao Yang , Zhang Chunli , Huang Jiayu , Mo Xiaodong , Zhang Zilu , Jiang Chuanhe , Zhao Xiaosu , Hu Xiaoxia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene rearrangements comprise a family of rare recurrent alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and conferred dismal outcomes. The efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) were still unclear. In this retrospective, multicenter, real-world study, we enrolled 26 de novo adult AML patients with NUP98 rearrangements who received first allo-HSCT. The 100-day cumulative incidence of grade II–IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allo-HSCT was 19.2% (95% CI, 3.8–34.7%) and the 2-year cumulative incidences of moderate to severe chronic GVHD after allo-HSCT was 47.5% (95% CI, 17.0–77.9%). Ten (38.5%) patient received maintenance therapies after allo-HSCT. Among the 24 patients with MRD monitoring regularly, all of them achieved MRD negative after allo-HSCT, and 21 (87.5%) achieved persistent MRD negative until the last follow-up. The 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse and non-relapse mortality after allo-HSCT was 17.2% (95% CI, 1.4–33.1%) and 4.6% (95% CI, 0–13.7%), respectively. The 2-year probabilities of leukemia-free survival and overall survival after allo-HSCT were 78.2% (95%CI, 62.8–97.2%) and 86.3% (95%CI, 73.0–100%), respectively. In summary, we firstly identify the efficacy and safety of allo-HSCT in adult AML patients with NUP98 rearrangement, which should be further confirmed in prospective cohorts with a longer follow-up.
Alignment of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in the evaluation of nutritional status and its association with clinical outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sherafati Navid , Behzadi Mehrdad , Bideshki MohammadVesal , Najafian Matin , Jowshan MohammadReza , Hosseinzade Zahra , Panahande Bahman , Saeedinejad Zaker , Roustaei Narges , Malekzade Janmohammad , Poormahmoodi Azizollah 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and aims:
Considering that nutritional status is one of the influential factors in the process of infection and recovery of patients with covid-19, this study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of covid-19 patients and its relationship with clinical outcomes.
Methods
This cross-sectional study included 155 patients diagnosed with covid-19 disease (aged 18 to 80 years) with PCR tests and Chest CT scans. The nutritional status of participants was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and the NUTRIC score tool.
Results
The analysis performed on the collected data from 81 men (52.3%) and 74 women (47.7%) showed that, based on the results of the MNA tool, 30 participants (19.4%) and based on the GLIM criteria, 42 participants (27.1%) were suffering from malnutrition. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (GLIM SBP, DBP p-value = 0.038, 0.008 and MNA: SBP, DBP p-value = 0.04, 0.01) and blood oxygen saturation (MNA p-value = 0.01 and GLIM p-value = 0.012) was significantly associated with nutritional status of the participants. In addition, the results from the MNA and GLIM questionnaires showed a relative agreement with a value of 0.35 and p-value < 0.0001.
Conclusion
This study revealed that nutritional status is a critical factor that affects the clinical condition of covid-19 patients, which can affect the recovery process. In addition, the GLIM criterion is a practical and reliable tool to measure the nutritional status for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with Covid-19.
BAP1-loss in the salivary duct carcinoma component of an intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Quiroga Eleonora Fiorletta , Connor Patricia R. , Rooper Lisa , Moreno Mauricio A. , Nix J. Stephen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor gene that is altered in a variety of neoplasms as well as in BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome. BAP1 alterations are associated with aggressive behavior in some malignancies and may have treatment implications in the future. We present the first documented case of a BAP1 alteration in the salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) component of an intracapsular carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA).
Methods
A woman of approximately 55 years of age presented with a deep parotid lobe mass, which was resected and found to be CXPA. BAP1 immunohistochemistry and next generation sequencing were performed to further characterize the neoplasm.
Results
The neoplasm showed loss of BAP1 protein expression in the SDC component but retention in the residual pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and at least partial retention in the epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC). Next generation sequencing confirmed a BAP1 loss of function alteration.
Conclusion
The presence of a BAP1 alteration in the SDC component of a CXPA may have prognostic and treatment implications, and additional studies are needed to investigate the relevancy of BAP1 alterations in salivary gland malignancies.
A comparative study on the effect of two inactivated Nocardia seriolae vaccine immunization methods in pearl gentian grouper
Authors: Shao Peng , Zhou Jingyi , Wu Yating , Gao Haofeng , Yang Zhanglei , Ji Linting , Gao Jinwei , Jia Xuying , Zhou Wenli , Wang Xiaoyu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Nocardia seriolae has emerged as the main pathogen causing Nocardia disease in fishes. Fishes are infected with this pathogen through their gills and wounds. The infected fishes are characterized by a dark body color; occasional skin ulceration; and nodular lesions in the kidney, liver, heart, and other organs with a typical granuloma structure observed under a light microscope. In this study, a N. seriolae oral microsphere vaccine was prepared using sodium alginate, a natural polymer, as the envelope and N. seriolae inactivated vaccine as the inner core. Formalin-inactivated N. seriolae was used for the preparation of an injectable vaccine for conducting immune experiment that can compare immunization effects of the two vaccines. Test fish were randomly divided into three groups: injection group, oral vaccine group, and control group. After the immunization experiment, the vaccine protection rate in the groupers was measured, and the expression of the related immune genes was evaluated via Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction. The results indicated that the expression levels of TLR2, MyD88, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 were significantly increased in the spleen, liver, and kidney of the vaccinated fishes. The relative percentage of survival of the oral vaccine and injection groups was 62.5% and 70.5%, respectively. The results of this study provided insights on the methods to prevent and control N. seriolae disease and the development of a vaccine against it.
In Silico Induction of Missense Mutation in NNRTI Protein: Computational Modelling Studies on Design of Modelled Proteins and their Stability Studies.
Authors: Sule Laxmi , Gupta Swagata , Jain Nilanjana , Sapre Nitin S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The work presents in silico mutational studies on the energetics of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase protein 4G1Q, the highest resolved protein structure of NNRTIs of HIV-1. In silico mutations are induced on the twenty neighbouring residues, surrounding the embedded ligand, within the vicinity of 6 Å from the centre of the ligand. These 20 surrounding residues are mutated and a set of 380 novel proteins are designed in silico for the present study. The effects of mutation on the change in folding-unfolding free energy (ΔΔG), protein stability and solvation energy have been analysed and compared with the parent protein. A two-fold study is performed to assess the effect of mutation (i) by and (ii) on a specific amino acid residue. The results suggest that folding-unfolding is highly favoured in 12 designed proteins (ΔΔG < -3.0) leading to the formation of highly stable conformation. In 11 designed proteins the positive values of ΔΔG > 0.5, suggest unfavourable mutations, thus the resultant designed proteins are unstable. Though, in 171 designed proteins the ΔΔG is <-1.0 suggesting the results suggest mutations lead to the stable conformation of designed proteins. The results suggest that of all the 380 designed proteins 11 showed highly unfavourable, 69 less favourable and 270 showed favourable folding-unfolding transformations.
Green energy management in DC microgrids enhanced with Robust Model Predictive Control and Muddled Tuna Swarm MPPT
Authors: Buchibabu P. , Somlal Jarupula 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, extreme focus on renewable energy has intensified due to environmental concerns and the depletion of fossil fuel supplies. In a DC micro grid that includes photovoltaic (PV), wind, and battery storage systems, this research proposes an integrated strategy for energy management and battery management. The Robust Model Predictive Control (RMPC) method is proposed to deal with uncertainties and disturbances while offering the best possible control options. A comparison of the two algorithms reveals that the RMPC performs better than the conventional MPC method. To harvest the most solar electricity from the PV system, a sophisticated MPPT optimisation technique called Muddled Tuna Swarm Optimisation (MTSO) is applied. Drone Squadron Optimisation (DSO) and Slime Mould Optimisation (SMO) are outperformed by MTSO in terms of dynamic performance, effectively monitoring the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV system, and increasing overall energy output. The suggested RMPC approach and MTSO technique are effective in achieving optimal energy and battery management as well as maximum solar power extraction, according to the simulation findings. On the OPAL-RT platform, real-time simulation is used to test the control strategy.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation regulate brain networks effective connectivity patterns in the spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Liang Xuhong , Xue Chen , Zheng Darui , Yuan Qianqian , Qi Wenzhang , Ruan Yiming , chen Shanshan , Song Yu , Wu Huimin , Xiao Chaoyong , Chen Jiu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) are considered as the spectrum of preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD), with abnormal brain network connectivity as the main neuroimaging features. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been proven to be an effective non-invasive technique for neuropsychiatric disorders. This article aims to explore whether precuneus (PCUN)-targeted rTMS can regulate the effective connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) and the executive control network (CEN), thereby improving cognitive function.
Methods
This study included 86 healthy controls (HCs), 72 SCDs, and 86 aMCIs. Among them, 10 SCDs and 11 aMCIs received a 2-week rTMS course of 5-day, once-daily. Cross-sectional analysis with the spectral dynamic causal model (spDCM) was used to analyze the DMN and CEN effective connectivity patterns of the three groups. Afterwards, longitudinal analysis was conducted on the changes in effective connectivity patterns and cognitive function before and after rTMS for SCD and aMCI, and the correlation between them was analyzed.
Results
Cross-sectional analysis showed that there were different effective connectivity patterns in the DMN and CEN in the three groups. Longitudinal analysis showed that the effective connectivity pattern of the SCD changed, accompanied by episodic memory improved. Correlation analysis showed that effective connectivity from the left angular gyrus (ANG) to the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) and the ANG.R to the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) was negatively correlated with visuospatial and executive function, respectively. In the aMCI, episodic memory and executive function improved, while the effective connectivity pattern remained unchanged.
Conclusions
This study demonstrates that PCUN-targeted rTMS of SCD regulating the abnormal effective connectivity patterns of DMN and CEN improves cognition function, while in aMCI possibly through other mechanisms. Our findings further suggest that rTMS are more effective at preventing or delaying disease progression earlier in the AD spectrum.
Trial registration
CCTR, ChiCTR2000034533. Registered 9 July 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn
A brief intervention to promote HPV vaccine initiation among young women attending federally supported clinics: a randomized controlled pilot study
Authors: Kim Su Kyung , Kornides Melanie , Chittams Jesse , Waas Roshani , DeSenna Amanda , Anglin Onika , Teising Sara , Duncan Rebecca , Teitelman Anne M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Approximately 90% of HPV-associated cancers are preventable with HPV vaccination, yet uptake is suboptimal, particularly among minority and low-income young women. A theory-based intervention (Step Up to Prevention) was developed to enhance knowledge and promote favorable attitudes about HPV vaccination among young women aged 18-26 attending federally supported clinics. This mixed-method study evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of the intervention. We presented the brief intervention to participants before their scheduled clinic visit and measured the impact on HPV vaccine uptake. We offered the information and tailored components of the intervention together and separately and compared them to usual care. Women (n=60) were randomized into four groups (computerized information, 1-to-1 tailored, combined, and usual care). They responded to pre/post-surveys before and immediately after the intervention and after their clinic visit. Significant differences in initial HPV vaccine uptake were observed among all intervention groups as compared to usual care (computerized information (p=0.006), 1-to-1 tailored (p=0.007), combined (p=0.043)). The qualitative findings suggest the various components of the intervention were all acceptable highlighting aspects that were empowering and informative. Results suggest this intervention has potential efficacy to provide additional support to providers and patients by promoting favorable views and improving health literacy among young women about HPV vaccination.
Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02046265