bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in cancer incidence by socioeconomic deprivation in Germany in 2007 to 2018: An ecological registry‐based study
Authors: Jansen Lina , Schwettmann Lars , Behr Christian , Eberle Andrea , Holleczek Bernd , Justenhoven Christina , Kajüter Hiltraud , Manz Kirsi , Peters Frederik , Pritzkuleit Ron , Schmidt‐Pokrzywniak Andrea , Sirri Eunice , Tetzlaff Fabian , Voigtländer Sven , Arndt Volker 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAge‐standardized cancer incidence has decreased over the last years for many cancer sites in developed countries. Whether these trends led to narrowing or widening socioeconomic inequalities in cancer incidence is unknown. Using cancer registry data covering 48 million inhabitants in Germany, the ecological association between age‐standardized total and site specific (colorectal, lung, prostate and breast) cancer incidence in 2007 to 2018 and a deprivation index on district level (aggregated to quintiles) was investigated. Incidence in the most and least deprived districts were compared using Poisson models. Average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) and differences in AAPCs between deprivation quintiles were assessed using Joinpoint regression analyses. Age‐standardized incidence decreased strongly between 2007 and 2018 for total cancer and all cancer sites (except female lung cancer), irrespective of the level of deprivation. However, differences in the magnitude of trends across deprivation quintiles resulted in increasing inequalities over time for total cancer, colorectal and lung cancer. For total cancer, the incidence rate ratio between the most and least deprived quintile increased from 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.01‐1.12) to 1.23 (1.12‐1.32) in men and from 1.07 (1.01‐1.13) to 1.20 (1.14‐1.26) in women. Largest inequalities were observed for lung cancer with 82% (men) and 88% (women) higher incidence in the most vs the least deprived regions in 2018. The observed increase in inequalities in cancer incidence is in alignment with trends in inequalities in risk factor prevalence and partly utilization of screening. Intervention programs targeted at socioeconomically deprived and urban regions are highly needed.
Contemporary evaluation of women and girls with abnormal uterine bleeding: FIGO Systems 1 and 2
Authors: Jain Varsha , Munro Malcolm G. , Critchley Hilary O. D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAbnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is common, often debilitating, and may affect over 50% of reproductive‐aged women and girls. Whereas AUB is a collection of symptoms that include intermenstrual bleeding and abnormalities in period duration, cycle length, and regularity, it is heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) that is most contributory to iron deficiency and related anemia. It is apparent that AUB, in general, and HMB, in particular, remain underrecognized and underreported. FIGO created two systems for assessing and classifying AUB. FIGO System 1 defines the bleeding pattern using four primary descriptors: frequency, duration, regularity, and flow volume. FIGO System 2 provides a structured classification system of possible causes of AUB, using the acronym PALM‐COEIN. “PALM” refers to structural causes of AUB (Polyp, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy), and “COEI” refers to nonstructural causes (Coagulopathy, Ovulatory dysfunction, Endometrial, and Iatrogenic). The “N” is reserved for those entities that are currently not otherwise classified. Using FIGO System 1 as a gateway to FIGO System 2 streamlines the investigation of reproductive‐aged women and girls with AUB. Understanding the pathogenesis of the FIGO System 2 “PALM‐COEIN” causes helps interpret investigations and the onward management of AUB. Numerous evidence gaps exist concerning AUB; however, if researchers and trialists universally adopt FIGO Systems 1 and 2 for the assessment and diagnosis of AUB, clear translatable research findings can be applied globally.
Enhancing functional recovery following postpartum femoral neuropathy: early neurorehabilitation and multidisciplinary obstetric care
Authors: Moita Gonçalves Eugénio , Lanzaro Camile , Silva Luísa Cunha , Correia Pedro , Gonçalves José Vítor , Azevedo Marta , Carrapatoso Inês , Silva João Pedro , Carvalho Carolina , Cruz André 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPostpartum femoral neuropathy has a reported incidence of less than 1% and its total recovery time extends up to 6 months to a year. A multidisciplinary approach is vital to rule out permanent disability and to assure a correct diagnosis and earlier rehabilitation. We report a case of a 37‐year‐old puerperal woman with a history of intrapartum epidural analgesia, who presented post‐labor unilateral lower‐limb motor weakness and sensory loss, with functional compromise on independent gait. A multidisciplinary team consisting of an anesthesiologist, a physiatrist, a neurologist, and an obstetrician was then established. In the initial physiatry and neurology assessment, the patient reported pain (numerical rating scale 7/10) over the inguinal ligament, lower limb hypoesthesia, and muscle weakness. Femoral neuropathy was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging ruled out potential complications related to the anesthetic procedure. The patient was then enrolled in a supervised rehabilitation program and, 3 weeks later, electrodiagnostic studies confirmed the initial suspicion. Two months later, the patient had regained lower‐limb active range of motion and no pain nor paresthesia was reported. Our case report describes how an early multimodal rehabilitation program within a multidisciplinary framework allows for sooner neuromotor function improvement and activities of daily living independence.
Bifunctional trifluorophenylacetic acid additive for stable and highly efficient flexible perovskite solar cell
Authors: Cao Yang , Feng Jiangshan , Xu Zhuo , Zhang Lu , Lou Junjie , Liu Yucheng , Ren Xiaodong , Yang Dong , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe defects within perovskite films are the fatal roadblock limiting the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we develop a patching strategy to obtain high‐quality perovskite film using bifunctional trifluorophenylacetic acid (TFPA). Theoretical calculation and experiments reveal that the –COOH groups in TFPA effectively passivate the deep‐energy‐level defects of perovskite by combining with Pb clusters on the perovskite grain surfaces to enhance the efficiency of PSCs, and hydrophobic benzene groups containing fluorine in TFPA are exposed to improve the stability of PSCs. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with TFPA is enhanced from 22.95% to 24.56%. Most importantly, we successfully fabricated flexible PSCs using TFPA with the high PCE of 22.65%. The devices with TFPA maintain 93.22% of the initial efficiency MPP under continuous irradiation for 10.5 h, while the devices without TFPA only retain 82.22% of the initial efficiency under the same conditions for just 5 h. Meanwhile, the unsealed devices with TFPA hold 93.59% of the initial efficiency when stored in air for 3912 h.image
ARJUNA: An accessible pin entry model in smartphones for persons with low vision
Authors: Balayogi G. , Kuppusamy K. S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUser authentication is the cornerstone of providing secure access to the services in the digital ecosystem. Critical applications such as Banking use Personal Identification Number (PIN)‐based passwords and One Time Passwords (OTP), for transactions to strengthen security. However, persons with visual impairments have often been a soft target for cyber attacks as it is comparatively simpler to make them victims of various attacks. This paper proposes a model titled Accessible Robust Just‐in‐time Numerical Authentication (ARJUNA) to assist PIN entry in smartphones for people with visual impairments. This study has explored several cyber‐attacks on visually impaired users and proposed the ARJUNA model that provides a robust braille‐inspired PIN input for people with visual impairments. The proposed model is implemented as an Android application that users can easily access. Several experiments are conducted with visually impaired users to study the model's performance. The proposed ARJUNA model has shown supportive results in the user study. The robustness of ARJUNA against various attacks is also explored in this article.
Peer victimization and Internet addiction among adolescents: The role of anger rumination and social dominance orientation
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Xiong Yuke , Wang Quanquan , Xu Xiaofeng , Qin Xingna , Ren Ping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionInternet addiction has garnered growing attention in recent years, and peer victimization plays a major contributor to adolescents' Internet addiction. However, little is known about the mediating and moderating mechanisms in the association between peer victimization and Internet addiction. Guided by cognitive behavioral model and worldview verification model, this study examined a moderated mediation model in which anger rumination at Time 1 (T1) mediated the association between peer victimization at T1 and Internet addiction at Time 2 (T2), and this mediation effect was moderated by T1 social dominance orientation (SDO).MethodsA short‐term longitudinal design was adopted, incorporating two measurement occasions (with approximately 6‐month intervals). Participants were 2597 adolescents (51.5% male, Mage = 13.9, SD = 0.60) from seven secondary schools in Zhengzhou City, China. All participants were invited to complete the self‐reported questionnaires assessing peer victimization, anger rumination, SDO at T1 (December 2015) and Internet addiction at T2 (June 2016), respectively. A short‐term longitudinal moderated mediation model was conducted to analyze the association between variables.ResultsThe results showed that T1 peer victimization was positively associated with T2 Internet addiction in which association was mediated by T1 anger rumination. T1 SDO moderated the associations between T1 peer victimization and T1 anger rumination and this effect was stronger with lower levels of SDO. In terms of gender differences, SDO moderated the associations between peer victimization and anger rumination only for boys.ConclusionsResults highlight that anger rumination is a potential mechanism explaining how peer victimization is related to Internet addiction and that this relation may be moderated by SDO.
The role of premeditation in suicide: Identifying factors associated with increased planning among suicide decedents
Authors: Gomez Stephanie H. , Overholser James , McGovern Christopher , Silva Christiana , Stockmeier Craig A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionSuicide premeditation is a critical factor to consider when assessing suicide risk. Understanding which individuals are more or less likely to plan their suicidal behavior can shed light on how suicidal thoughts turn into actions.MethodThe present study used psychological autopsy data to identify factors associated with level of premeditation among 131 adults who died by suicide.ResultsLogistic regression analyses indicated that suicide decedents with higher premeditation scores had higher odds of being diagnosed with a depressive disorder and choosing a violent suicide method, specifically a firearm. Individuals with lower premeditation scores had higher odds of being diagnosed with a polysubstance use disorder.ConclusionSuicide decedents exhibiting greater premeditation before their deaths were different in several ways from suicide decedents exhibiting less premeditation. A better understanding of suicide premeditation can ultimately aid in the development of improved risk assessments and targeted safety interventions for those struggling with suicidal thoughts.
Assessment of fetal thymus size in pregnant women with rheumatic diseases: A case–control study
Authors: Yildirim Muradiye , Oluklu Deniz , Menekse Beser Dilek , Uyan Hendem Derya , Kara Ozgur , Tanacan Atakan , Sahin Dilek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the fetal thymic‐thoracic ratio (TT‐ratio) in pregnancies diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsThirty‐two pregnant women with rheumatic disease and 96 low‐risk pregnant women between 20 and 37 weeks were included in the study. Three control patients were randomly selected for each study patient. TT‐ratio was calculated by measuring the anterior–posterior diameter of the thymus and the intrathoracic mediastinal diameter. Data were compared between the study group, including RA and AS, and the control group.ResultsThirty‐two pregnant women with arthritis, 19 diagnosed with RA and 13 with AS, were evaluated. The mean value of the study group TT‐ratio was 0.33; control group, 0.36; a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.001). Perinatal outcomes were not different when compared with control patients. There was a negative correlation between disease duration, maternal C‐reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and TT‐ratio.ConclusionThis is the first study to prospectively evaluate the fetal TT‐ratio in patients with RA and AS. Systemic inflammation appears to affect fetal thymus size. Appropriate management of maternal rheumatic diseases is essential for developing the thymus, a vital immune system component.
Real‐world multiple myeloma front‐line treatment and outcomes by transplant in the United States
Authors: Richter Joshua , Pan Darren , Salinardi Taylor , Rice Megan S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractStem cell transplantation (SCT) has been an integral treatment modality for multiple myeloma (MM) for decades. However, as standard‐of‐care therapies have improved, the benefit of SCT has been repeatedly called into question. This retrospective study evaluated the association between SCT in the first line of therapy (LOT) and outcomes for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) in the United States. We included patients from a de‐identified electronic health record‐derived database who initiated front‐line MM therapy between January 1, 2016, and January 31, 2022. Overall, 18.8% (1127 of 5996 patients) received SCT in the first LOT. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, in which SCT was modeled as time varying, revealed longer real‐world progression‐free survival (rwPFS; hazard ratio [HR] 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.57) and real‐world overall survival (rwOS; HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.39–0.56) for patients who received SCT in the first LOT. The degree of rwPFS and rwOS benefit imparted by SCT was consistent across all subgroups examined, including patients aged ≥75 years, women, non‐Hispanic Black/African American patients, those with renal impairment, and those with high‐risk cytogenetics. Findings from this analysis of real‐world patients with NDMM suggest that SCT remains an important standard of care in the era of novel therapies.
The unplumatellid Plumatella fruticosa found its home: Hirosella gen. nov. morphological arguments for the systematic placement of a freshwater bryozoan
Authors: Bibermair Julian , Schwaha Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBryozoans are colonial, suspension‐feeding lophotrochozoans. The phylum consists of the large group of chiefly marine Myolaemata and the exclusively limnic Phylactolaemata. Each colony consists of individual zooids that comprise the protective cystid and the retractable polypide. Phylactolaemates are a small group of approximately 90 species in 6 families. They feature a body wall, that can either be gelatinous, as in the families Stephanellidae, Lophopodidae, Cristatellidae and Pectinatellidae, or encrusted, as in Plumatellidae and Fredericellidae. Morphological investigations of the most specious plumatellids are rare and focus on few species. Plumatella fruticosa is of particular interest in this regard, as it shows a mosaic of plumatellid and fredericellids characters. The most recent phylogeny clusters P. fruticosa with cristatellids and pectinatellids as sister groups to fredericellids. Hence, there is considerable doubt, whether P. fruticosa is truly a plumatellid. Therefore, this study aims to reinvestigate the morphology of P. fruticosa with confocal microscopy and section‐based three‐dimensional reconstruction. The new data show that P. fruticosa has numerous conspicuous stumps from fragmented proliferation buds, which are otherwise only known from fredericellids. Like fredericellids, P. fruticosa grows erect, but in contrast, has a horseshoe‐shaped lophophore and floatoblasts. Besides the proportions of the lophophore, the tentacle sheath and digestive tract resemble a fredericellid‐like situation. Myoanatomical details like the pronounced longitudinal muscles of the vestibular wall and tentacle sheath differ from plumatellids and favour the recently proposed scenario, which places P. fruticosa next to Pectinatellidae and Cristatellidae. In addition, the intertentacular membrane of P. fruticosa shows structural similarity to cristatellids as it is attached to the tentacles via lamellae. Taking all aspects into account, we erect a new family: Hirosellidae fam. nov. including the new genus Hirosella gen. nov.
Ultrastructure of oogenesis in two tropical oviparous Demospongiae (Porifera): Cinachyrella apion and Tethya maza
Authors: Vasconcellos Vivian , Leys Sally , Lanna Emilio 
Published: August 2023

AbstractReproduction is a key step for propagation of any species. Consequently, gametogenesis is crucial, as it links one generation to the other. Oogenesis is influenced by different factors, but it is usually related to the quality and quantity of the food and the capacity of the female to convert these resources into egg production. In Demospongiae (Porifera), oocytes vary in several aspects (e.g., origin, size, and vitellogenic pathways). However, data on oocyte morphology is still fragmentary, and the ultrastructural organization of reproductive cells has been investigated only in a few species, mainly of viviparous sponges. Here, we aimed to comprehend the oogenesis of two tropical oviparous demosponges (Cinachyrella apion and Tethya maza) using light and electron microscopy. In both species, oocytes seemed to originate from archaeocytes. Oocytes of C. apion were surrounded by a collagenous matrix and nurse cells containing many lipid vesicles. The increase of biosynthetic organelles, concomitantly with the presence of yolk vesicle in the ooplasm, indicated that the vitellogenesis was carried out through the mixed pathway. The oocytes of T. maza were surrounded by a follicle cell membrane and nurse cells containing yolk vesicles. The absence of characteristic biosynthetic organelles in the egg of this species indicated that vitellogenesis occured through the heterosynthetic pathway. The oogenesis of C. apion is similar to other species of the genus, while the follicle membrane and nurse cells surrounding the oocytes of T. maza are not observed in any other species of Tethya. These accessory cells were considered to have a trophic role during the oogenesis of the studied species. Moreover, the presence of these accessory cells may have ecological significance, as they accelerate the egg's production through trophic support of the growing oocyte.
Detection of Neuroinflammation Induced by Typhoid Vaccine Using Quantitative Magnetization Transfer MR: A Randomized Crossover Study
Authors: Plank Julia R. , Morgan Catherine A. , Smith Alex K. , Sundram Frederick , Hoeh Nicholas R. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Lin Joanne C. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundThe role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric disorders is not well‐elucidated. A noninvasive technique sensitive to low‐level neuroinflammation may improve understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions.PurposeTo test the ability of quantitative magnetization transfer (QMT) MR at 3 T for detection of low‐level neuroinflammation induced by typhoid vaccine within a clinically reasonable scan time.Study TypeRandomized, crossover, placebo‐controlled.SubjectsTwenty healthy volunteers (10 males; median age 34 years).Field Strength/SequenceMagnetization prepared rapid gradient‐echo and MT‐weighted 3D fast low‐angle shot sequences at 3 T.AssessmentParticipants were randomized to either vaccine or placebo first with imaging, then after a washout period received the converse with a second set of imaging. MT imaging, scan time, and blood‐based inflammatory marker concentrations were assessed pre‐ and post‐vaccine and placebo. Mood was assessed hourly using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. QMT parameter maps, including the exchange rate from bound to free pool (kba) were generated using a two‐pool model and then segmented into tissue type.Statistical TestsVoxel‐wise permutation‐based analysis examined inflammatory‐related alterations of QMT parameters. The threshold‐free cluster enhancement method with family‐wise error was used to correct voxel‐wise results for multiple comparisons. Region of interest averages were fed into mixed models and Bonferroni corrected. Spearman correlations assessed the relationship between mood scores and QMT parameters. Results were considered significant if corrected P < 0.05.ResultsScan time for the MT‐weighted acquisition was approximately 11 minutes. Blood‐based analysis showed higher IL‐6 concentrations post‐vaccine compared to post‐placebo. Voxel‐wise analysis found three clusters indicating an inflammatory‐mediated increase in kba in cerebellar white matter. Cerebellar kba for white matter was negatively associated with vigor post‐vaccine but not post‐placebo.Data ConclusionThis study suggested that QMT at 3 T may show some sensitivity to low‐level neuroinflammation. Further studies are needed to assess the viability of QMT for use in inflammatory‐based disorders.Evidence Level1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Molecular characterization of measles viruses in Central African Republic, 2012–2016
Authors: Dote Joël , Tricou Vianney , Gnikpingo Laure K. , Pagonendji Marilou , Charpentier Emilie , Hübschen Judith M. , Gouandjika‐Vasilache Ionela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDespite being preventable through vaccination, measles is still one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in young children in Africa. In 2015, several African countries, including the Central African Republic (CAR), began implementing national measles elimination programs. However, measles remains a public health problem in Africa, particularly in the CAR. A retrospective study was conducted at the Institut Pasteur de Bangui, using blood samples (n = 255) and oral swabs (n = 7) collected between January 2012 and December 2016 from measles IgM‐positive cases, to attempt genotyping of circulating measles virus strains. Overall, 50 samples were positive by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and 40 sequences of acceptable quality were obtained. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 38 strains belonged to genotype B3 suggesting that this genotype was endemic in the CAR during the study period. No genotype B2 sequences were detected, suggesting that this genotype is no longer present in the CAR.
Socioeconomic disparities in musculoskeletal oncology
Authors: Jawad Muhammad U. , Theriault Raminta V. , Thorpe Steven W. , Randall R. Lor 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMusculoskeletal oncology is a clinical specialty dealing with a diverse population of patients with metastatic bone disease, hematological malignancies with musculoskeletal manifestations, primary bone malignancies and soft tissue sarcomas. There are wide‐spread disparities including socioeconomic (SES) and insurance‐related disparities reported in the literature. In this review, we'll summarize the disparities surrounding the musculoskeletal oncology.