bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low level of HIV-1C integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations among recently diagnosed ART-naive Ethiopians
Authors: Kiros Mulugeta , Tefera Dessalegn Abeje , Andualem Henok , Geteneh Alene , Tesfaye Abebech , Woldemichael Tamirayehu Seyoum , Kidane Eleni , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Maier Melanie , Mihret Adane , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku , Mulu Andargachew 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the widespread use of Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), surveillance of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance is critical in optimizing antiretroviral treatment efficacy. However, despite the introduction of these drugs, data concerning their resistance mutations (RMs) is still limited in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess INSTI RMs and polymorphisms at the gene locus coding for Integrase (IN) among viral isolates from ART-naive HIV-1 infected Ethiopian population. This was a cross-sectional study involving isolation of HIV-1 from plasma of 49 newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Addis-Ababa during the period between June to December 2018. The IN region covering the first 263 codons of blood samples was amplified and sequenced using an in-house assay. INSTIs RMs were examined using calibrated population resistance tool version 8.0 from Stanford HIV drug resistance database while both REGA version 3 online HIV-1 subtyping tool and the jumping profile Hidden Markov Model from GOBICS were used to examine HIV-1 genetic diversity. Among the 49 study participants, 1 (1/49; 2%) harbored a major INSTIs RM (R263K). In addition, blood specimens from 14 (14/49; 28.5%) patients had accessory mutations. Among these, the M50I accessory mutation was observed in a highest frequency (13/49; 28.3%) followed by L74I (1/49; 2%), S119R (1/49; 2%), and S230N (1/49; 2%). Concerning HIV-1 subtype distribution, all the entire study subjects were detected to harbor HIV-1C strain as per the IN gene analysis. This study showed that the level of primary HIV-1 drug resistance to INSTIs is still low in Ethiopia reflecting the cumulative natural occurrence of these mutations in the absence of selective drug pressure and supports the use of INSTIs in the country. However, continues monitoring of drug resistance should be enhanced since the virus potentially develop resistance to this drug classes as time goes by.
Acute COPD exacerbation treatment with noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Ralf Ewert , Heine Alexander , Obst Anne , Koerner Karoline , Hustig-Kittler Veit , Boesche Michael , Elhadad Mohamed , Stubbe Beate , Westhoff Michael 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe establishment of a guideline for long-term noninvasive ventilation treatment (LTH-NIV) of acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) requiring acute ventilation has proven elusive. Most studies thus far have shown no mortality benefit of long-term noninvasive ventilation treatment. Using retrospective analysis of the data of our patients (n = 143) recruited from 2012 to 2019, we aimed to compare patients discharged with and without long-term noninvasive ventilation. The follow-up results showed no significant difference (p = 0.233) between the groups [LTH-NIV (n = 83); non-NIV (n = 60)] regarding readmission due to clinical worsening. However, the first- and second-year survival rates were 82% and 72%, respectively, in the LTH-NIV group and significantly different (p = 0.023) from 67 and 55% in the non-NIV group. The statistical models showed a significant mortality risk for the non-NIV group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.82 (1.31; 6.03). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the mortality benefit of long-term NIV therapy for patients with AECOPD under real-world conditions.
Evaluating the stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation by combining statistical methods and a neural network model
Authors: Fu Tonglin , Li Xinrong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation determines the success or failure of restoration of degraded ecosystem, accurately evaluating the stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation can provide evidence for the future management and maintenance of re-vegetated regions. In this paper, a novel data-driven evaluation model was proposed by combining statistical methods and a neural network model to evaluate the stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation in the southeastern margins of the Tengger Desert, where the evaluation indexes were selected from vegetation, soil moisture, and soil. The evaluation results indicate that the stability of the artificially re-vegetated belt established in different years (1956a, 1964a, 1981a, and 1987a) tend to be stable with the increase of sand fixation years, and the artificially re-vegetated belts established in 1956a and 1964a have almost the same stability, but the stability of the artificially re-vegetated belt established in 1981a and 1987a have a significant difference. The evaluation results are reliable and accurate, which can provide evidence for the future management of artificial sand-binding vegetation.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-connected lncRNAs are linked to survival and immune infiltration in glioma patients
Authors: Wu Wei Jun , Xiao Feng , Xiong Yaping , Sun Gu Feng , Guo Yun , Zhou Xiang , Hu Guo Wen , Huang Kai , Guo Hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The connection between m6A-assiociateed lncRNAs and prognosis has been demonstrated in multiple types of tumors. However, potential roles of m6A-assiociateed lncRNAs in glioma is still rare.
Methods: We implemented consensus cluster analysis to group the downloaded samples into two subtypes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used to create a risk model. Additionally, the conjunction between m6A-related lncRNAs and immune cells infiltration was explored by conducting the R package. Ultimately, we inspected the underlying downstream pathways of the two subtypes by performing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The expression level of m6A-connected lncRNAs in glioma were examined by conducting in vitro experiments.
Results: We ascertained two subtypes of glioma in line with the consensus clustering of m6A-associated lncRNAs. We confirmed that age, grade, and IDH are related to the two subtypes. Additionally, the immune cells infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules of the two clusters were discussed. A risk signature including AL359643.3, AL445524.1, AL162231.2, AL117332.1, AP001486.2, POLR2J4, AC120036.4, LINC00641, LINC00900, CRNDE, and AL158212.3, was identified using the Cox regression and LASSO analyses. We also verified the prognostic value and discussed the immune cells infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules of the risk signature. In vitro experiments verified that the m6A-associated lncRNAs was abnormally expressed in glioma.
Conclusion: We elaborated the significant role of m6A-connected lncRNAs in glioma prognosis and immune infiltration and suggest that these key regulators may serve as underlying therapeutic targets to build up the efficacy of glioma immunotherapy.
PPP1R81 correlates with the survival and cell proliferation in lower-grade glioma
Authors: Xiao Feng , Jie Xinfang , Zhou Xiang , Guo Yun , Sun Gu Feng , Lin Li , Hu Guo Wen , Huang Kai , Guo Hua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: The specific functions of PPP1R81 has been elucidated in multiple cancers; however, its role in lower-grade glioma (LGG) remains unknown. In this research, we inspected the specific role of PPP1R81 in LGG.
Methods: We totally evaluated the expression pattern and prognostic role of PPP1R81 in multitudinous tumors. Subsequently, we systematically examined the connection between PPP1R81 expression and prognosis, clinical characteristics, biological functions, genetic variations, and immunological characteristics in LGG according to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Altas (CGGA) databases. In vitro experiments were executed to inspect the expression level and specific roles of PPP1R81 in LGG.
Results: PPP1R81 was elevated in multiple tumors and was tightly linked to a poor prognosis. LGG with higher expression of PPP1R81 showed poorer prognosis compared with lower expression of PPP1R81. The results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the expression of PPP1R81 was an independent prognostic biomarker of LGG. Immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes (ICPGs), copy number alterations (CNA), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were also closely associated with PPP1R81 expression in LGG. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PPP1R81 was up-regulated and closely interrelated with cell proliferation and cell cycle in LGG.
Conclusion: PPP1R81 was an independent prognostic signature and underlying therapeutic target for patients with LGG.
The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis – targets in research and treatment
Authors: Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Kamolratanakul Supitcha , Schultz Marcus J. , Leelahavanichkul Asada 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Both a leaky gut (a barrier defect of the intestinal surface) and gut dysbiosis (a change in the intestinal microbial population) are intrinsic to sepsis. While sepsis itself can cause dysbiosis, dysbiosis can worsen sepsis. The leaky gut syndrome refers to a status with which there is an increased intestinal permeability allowing the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood circulation. It is not just a symptom of gastrointestinal involvement, but also an underlying cause that develops independently, and its presence could be recognized by the detection, in blood, of lipopolysaccharides and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (major components of gut microbiota). Gut-dysbiosis is the consequence of a reduction in some bacterial species in the gut microbiome, as a consequence of intestinal mucosal immunity defect, caused by intestinal hypoperfusion, immune cell apoptosis, and a variety of enteric neuro-humoral-immunity responses. A reduction in bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids could change the intestinal barriers, leading to the translocation of pathogen molecules, into the circulation where it causes systemic inflammation. Even gut fungi might be increased in human patients with sepsis, even though this has not been consistently observed in murine models of sepsis, probably because of the longer duration of sepsis and also antibiotic use in patients. The gut virobiome that partly consists of bacteriophages is also detectable in gut contents that might be different between sepsis and normal hosts. These alterations of gut dysbiosis altogether could be an interesting target for sepsis adjuvant therapies, e.g., by faecal transplantation or probiotic therapy. Here, current information on leaky gut and gut dysbiosis along with the potential biomarkers, new treatment strategies, and future research topics are mentioned.
Your Vestibular Thresholds May Be Lower Than You Think: Cognitive Biases in Vestibular Psychophysics
Authors: Gonzalez Elena Lopez-Contreras , King Susan A. , Karmali Faisal 
Published: April 2023

Purpose:
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in measuring vestibular perceptual thresholds, which quantify the smallest motion that a subject can reliably perceive, to study physiology and pathophysiology. These thresholds are sensitive to age, pathology, and postural performance. Threshold tasks require decisions to be made in the presence of uncertainty. Since humans often rely on past information when making decisions in the presence of uncertainty, we hypothesized that (a) perceptual responses are affected by their preceding trial; (b) perceptual responses tend to be biased opposite of the “preceding response” because of cognitive biases but are not biased by the “preceding stimulus”; and (c) when fits do not account for this cognitive bias, thresholds are overestimated. To our knowledge, these hypotheses are unaddressed in vestibular and direction-recognition tasks.

Conclusions:
Results in normal subjects supported each hypothesis. Subjects tended to respond opposite of their preceding response (not the preceding stimulus), indicating a cognitive bias, and this caused an overestimation of thresholds. Using an enhanced model (MATLAB code provided) that considered these effects, average thresholds were lower (5.5% for yaw, 7.1% for interaural). Since the results indicate that the magnitude of cognitive bias varies across subjects, this enhanced model can reduce measurement variability and potentially improve the efficiency of data collection.
Hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet stars: Helium stars with envelope-inflation structure and rotation
Authors: Lu Xizhen , Zhu Chunhua , Liu Helei , Guo Sufen , Yu Jinlong , Lü Guoliang 
Published: April 2023

Context. Observations have shown that the effective temperature of hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars is considerably lower than that of the standard model, which means that the radius of the observed H-free WR stars is several times larger than that estimated by the standard model. The envelope inflation structure (EIS) caused by the radiation luminosity being close to the Eddington luminosity in the iron opacity peak region of H-free WR stars may be the key to resolving the radius problem of H-free WR stars.
Aims. We study the structure and evolution of helium (He) stars with the EIS and discuss the influence of rotation on these He stars. We aim to explain the radius problem of H-free WR stars observed in the Milky Way (MW) and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) through the He stars.
Methods. Using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code, we compute the evolution of He stars with and without MLT++ prescriptions, and discuss their effects on the EIS. We calculated the evolution of He stars using a new mass-loss rate formula and three different relative rotational velocities and compared our results with observations on Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams.
Results. The EIS has different effects on the structure and evolution of He stars with different masses. Due to the luminosity well below the Eddington limit, low-mass He stars with an initial mass of less than 12 M⊙ do not produce EIS with or without the MLT++ prescription. High-mass He stars with an initial mass exceeding 12 M⊙ and without the MLT++ prescription produce the EIS. Since the EIS is Eddington factor Γ-dependent, its radius increases with the increase in metallicity and decreases with rotational velocity increase. For rotating low-mass He stars, since the rotational mixing timescale is smaller than the evolutionary timescale, rotational mixing can increase the lifetime and allow He stars to evolve into WC stars during the helium giant phase. For rotating high-mass He stars, since rotation increases the mass-loss rate, the radius of the EIS decreases as rotational velocity increases. The rotation-decay timescale of rapidly rotating He stars is very short, and the rapidly rotating He stars only appear within the first one-tenth of their lifetime, which is consistent with the observations of WR stars.
Conclusions. The low-luminosity (log(L/L⊙)≤5.2) H-free WR stars in the MW and the LMC can be explained by the helium giant phase in low-mass He stars, the high XC and XO in WC stars can only evolve through low-mass He stars with a rapid rotation. High-mass He stars with the EIS can explain H-free WR stars with a luminosity exceeding 105.7 L⊙ and an effective temperature above 104.7 K in the MW. They can also explain H-free WR stars on the right-hand side of the He zero-age main sequence in the LMC. High-mass stars with the EIS evolve into WO stars at the final evolution stage, and the shorter lifetime fraction is consistent with the small number of observed WO stars.
Effects of an Integrated Geriatric-Orthopedic Co-management (InGerO) on the Treatment of Older Orthopedic Patients with Native and Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: De Bueck Ulrike , Kohlhof Hendrik , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Lukas Albert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn view of our aging society, co-management with a geriatrician is becoming increasingly important. While such collaborations have been working successfully in trauma surgery for years, it is still unclear whether they are also helpful for non-trauma patients in orthopedics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of such a cooperation in orthopedic non-trauma patients with native and periprosthetic joint infections on the basis of five key areas.A retrospective observational study as a before and after comparison was used to compare routine data from patients with and without orthogeriatric co-management after nontraumatic surgery. Eligible patients for the study were 70 years and older, had a diagnosis of hip, knee, or shoulder infection, and had been hospitalized for at least 14 days. Co-management consisted of close follow-up by a geriatrician, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, and “complex early geriatric rehabilitation”. The comparison group received therapy as usual, without a geriatrician and without “complex early geriatric rehabilitation”. Special attention was paid to delirium, pain, mobility, postoperative complications, and renal function.Analysis was carried out with 59 patients “with” and 63 “without” geriatric co-management. In the co-management group, delirium was detected significantly more often (p < 0.001), significantly lower pain intensities were measured at the time of discharge (p < 0.001), transfer ability had clearly improved more (p = 0.04), and renal function was more frequently noted (p = 0.04). No significant differences were found with respect to principal diagnoses, surgical procedures performed, complication rates, pressure ulcer and delirium incidence, operative revisions, or length of inpatient stay.Orthogeriatric co-management in orthopedic patients with native and periprosthetic joint infections and nontraumatic surgery appears to have positive impacts on recognition and treatment of delirium, pain management, transfer performance, and attention to renal function. Further studies should follow in order to conclusively assess the value of such co-management in orthopedic nontraumatic surgery patients.
Photoexcited Nitroarenes as Anaerobic Oxygen Atom Transfer ­Reagents
Authors: Parasram Marvin , Wise Dan E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApplications of photoexcited nitroarenes have been underdeveloped in organic synthesis. Since early reports on the direct excitation of nitroaromatics with harsh UV light, these synthetically useful reagents have not been tamed for use in modern synthetic chemistry. We have developed practical synthetic protocols for the anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbon substrates using commercially available nitroarenes as photochemically activated oxidants under visible light. Using this approach, a wide variety of olefins are anaerobically cleaved to their corresponding carbonyls, and aliphatic C–H bonds are hydroxylated to give alcohols. The anaerobic reaction conditions enable oxidatively sensitive functional groups to be tolerated and the employment of visible light makes this method highly sustainable. Mechanistic studies support that the photoexcited nitroarene biradical intermediate is responsible for the oxygen atom transfer events.1 Introduction2 Alkene Cleavage Promoted by Photoexcited Nitroarenes3 Photoinduced Nitroarene-Mediated C–H Hydroxylation4 Conclusions
Clinical Results of Patients with Combined Aptis Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty and Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Stougie Shirley D. , Zijlker Hero J.A. , Coert J Henk 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Severely destroyed wrists can be managed by combined radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) replacement that reduces pain while mobility is ought to be reserved. The combination of these arthroplasties is rarely reported in the literature.
Purpose This article describes the clinical outcomes of six consecutive patients with both total wrist and Aptis DRUJ arthroplasty with a median follow-up of 50 months (range: 18–108 months).
Patients and Methods Patients with a TWA combined with an Aptis DRUJ arthroplasty were retrospectively identified. The patients were treated between 2011 and 2020.
Results The flexion-extension arc was slightly decreased in three cases while forearm rotation was improved in three patients. Pain was adequately reduced in four patients and significant pain was seen in two patients. Although three of four patients could not return to previous work, all patients claimed to be satisfied with the result of the procedure.
Conclusion This article demonstrates the possible feasibility of this combined arthroplasty in patients with a destroyed and unstable wrist.
Level of Evidence Level III.
Novel veiling and concealing euphemisms in political discourse
Authors: Golubeva Tatiana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This qualitative research explores the differences in the interpretation of novel veiling and concealing euphemisms from a relevance-theoretic perspective. I argue that the relevance of an utterance containing a novel veiling euphemism is established (1) via the adjustment of its linguistically encoded meaning so that it communicates the meaning encoded by a dispreferred expression, which is derived as an explicature, or (2) via its linguistically encoded meaning, derived as an explicature, and the meaning encoded by a dispreferred expression, recovered as a strong implicature. The relevance of an utterance containing a novel concealing euphemism is established via its linguistically encoded meaning, recovered as an explicature, and via weak implicatures. The recovery of weakly implicit content is not essential for inferring the speaker’s meaning.
Dynamics of spatially confined ns laser induced atmospheric air plasma and shock waves: visualization vis-à-vis validation
Authors: Guthikonda Nagaraju , Kameswari D P S L , Manikanta E , Shiva S Sai , Sree Harsha S , Ikkurthi V R , Prem Kiran P 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A clear visualization of the physical processes of spatially confined ns laser induced atmospheric air plasma within a rectangular glass cavity using optical imaging is presented. The occurrence of various processes starting from the early plasma and shock wave expansion dynamics to shock reflection at the cavity boundaries and compression of the plasma due to reflected shockwaves is studied using defocused shadowgraphy and self-emission imaging techniques. Experimentally, we evidenced that the counter propagating reflected primary shockwaves interact with the expanding plasma generating a secondary shockwave which compresses the plasma core, modifying the plasma morphology resulting in enhanced plasma parameters. The numerical simulations performed via the two-dimensional hydrodynamic (2D-HD) FLASH codes, revealed that the number density increases up to a maximum of 3.6 times compared to the unconfined plasma. The input laser pulse energy and the aspect ratio of the cavity is observed to play a dominant role in the confinement and compression of the plasma.
Role of rare-earth metals (R) in the appearance of relaxation processes in AL–Ni–R metal melts
Authors: Beltyukov Anatoly L , Menshikova Svetlana G , Lad’yanov Vladimir I 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The temperature and time dependences of the viscosity of liquid ternary alloys Al87Ni8Y5, Al86Ni8La6, Al86Ni8Ce6, Al86Ni6Co8, Al86Ni10Co4 and binary melts Al90(Y/Ni/Co)10 have been studied after different temperature-time treatment of the melt. It is shown that long-time relaxations in the Al–TM–R melts occur only after the phase transition ‘crystal-liquid’ due to the melt transition from the non-equilibrium to equilibrium state. The non-equilibrium state of the melt appears due to inheriting non-equilibrium atomic groups during melting; the atomic groups have ordering characteristic of chemical compounds of the Al
x
R
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type present in solid-state alloys.