bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on computational modeling of instability and degradation issues of halide perovskite photovoltaic materials
Authors: Bhatt Pranjul , Pandey Ayush Kumar , Rajput Ashutosh , Sharma Kshitij Kumar , Moyez Abdul , Tewari Abhishek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHybrid halide perovskite solar cells have been recognized as one of the most promising future photovoltaic technologies due to their demonstrated high‐power conversion efficiency, versatile stoichiometry and low cost. However, degradation caused by environmental exposure and structural instability due to ionic defect migration hinders the commercialization of this technology. While the experimental studies try to understand the phenomenology of the degradation mechanisms and devise practical measures to improve the stability of these materials, theoretical studies have attempted to bridge the gaps in our understanding of the fundamental degradation mechanisms at different time and length scales. A deeper understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena at an atomic level through multiscale materials modeling is going to be crucial for the knowledge‐based prognosis and design of future halide perovskites. There have been increased efforts in this direction in the last few years. However, the instability fundamentals explored through atomistic modeling and simulation methods have not been reviewed comprehensively in the literature yet. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to present a critical review, while identifying the existing gaps and opportunities in the investigation of the degradation and instability issues of the halide perovskites using computational methods. The review will primarily focus on the instability caused due to the intrinsic ionic defect migration and degradation due to thermal, moisture and light exposure. The findings from the simulation studies conducted primarily using density functional theory, ab initio molecular dynamics, classical molecular dynamics and machine learning methods will be presented.This article is categorized under:
Software > Molecular Modeling
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Synergies between China's Whole County photovoltaic program and rural heat pump adoption
Authors: Hove Anders 
Published: June 2023

AbstractElectrification of heating, particularly with highly‐efficient heat pumps, is increasingly viewed as essential for reaching the targets of the Paris Climate Agreement. China has promoted replacement of dirty coal heating in rural areas. More recently China has also begun promoting distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) energy as a rural development strategy, particularly with the launch of the Whole County PV pilot program in 2021. While several studies have examined the economics of heat pump adoption, with or without solar PV, the Whole County PV program has not been specifically studied. Further, many prior studies utilize monthly average solar production or temperature ranges. This study examines the economics of heat pumps in participating counties in the Whole County PV program, employing hourly data for both PV output and ambient temperature in participating counties. The analysis shows that pairing residential heat pumps with PV in counties in Shandong, Henan, and Jiangsu would result in short economic payback periods versus gas or resistance heat, while also increasing self‐consumption of PV. The results suggest that expanding the Whole County PV program to incorporate energy efficiency and heating/cooling measures represents an economically attractive way to accelerate the rural energy transition and improve rural livelihoods. Such a policy would help accelerate the low‐carbon energy transition, reduce air pollutant emissions, and help address oversupply of midday PV output in local areas. Barriers to the approach include involvement of different government ministries, the cost of upgrading building insulation, the design of building codes, and the structure of electricity tariffs.This article is categorized under:

Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy
Energy and Power Systems > Electrification
Cities and Transportation > Buildings
Procuring Advanced Weapon Systems and Platforms: Four Types of Procurement Considered
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMajor weapon systems and platforms, by nature, tend to be extremely complex and long-term purchases, incorporating cutting edge technology that is both developmentally complex and very expensive, often only being developed as the platform is built, put into service and updated, as has often been the case with new generations of fighter aircraft and warships. It is also the case with such systems that, like a hydroelectric dam or nuclear reactor, they cannot be acquired piecemeal but must be purchased and constructed all in one piece. This complexity, high costs and the lack of severability of contracts once signed are characteristics of procurement processes that generally trigger hard-fought political battles about costs, benefits and platform choices. The chapter lays out a four-fold categorization of procurement to address these complexities.
Analysis: Military Platform Procurement Strategies and the Need for Political and Doctrinal Alignment in Type 4 Purchases
Authors: Migone Andrea , Howlett Alexander , Howlett Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEach procurement situation has different payoffs and costs for governments, both administratively and politically. Large-scale procurement, given its duration and size, has the possibility of highly uncertain benefits along with potentially high costs. The Type 26 frigate and F-35 aircraft cases in Canada and Australia show that for successful procurement/implementation to occur what is needed is a clear set of objectives and targets established by a government which can then be matched to specific tools and tool calibrations by delivery departments or agencies and for this congruence to be maintained over time and through changes in government. The Canadian case studies demonstrate how the beginning of the twenty-first century brought with it rapidly shifting strategic priorities that left the CAF in difficulty due to its inflexible forces’ doctrine within the context of changing government strategic goals and objectives in the post-Cold War period. In Australia, however, dealing with the same weapons systems at the same time, the alignment of government policy and forces’ doctrine was maintained, resulting in projects proceeding faster, and with all-party agreement, than was the case or existed in Canada.
Eine Methode zum Einsatz von bestärkenden Lernverfahren für die Produktionsablaufplanung
Authors: Lang Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungWie in der Schlussbetrachtung zum Stand der Wissenschaft und Technik beschrieben, existiert bisher noch keine systematische Vorgehensweise, wie bestärkende Lernverfahren für die Produktionsablaufplanung einsetzbar gemacht werden können. Basierend auf der theoretischen Fundierung in den Kapiteln 2 und 3 soll im Folgenden eine Methode herausgearbeitet werden, die das Vorgehen zum Einsatz von bestärkenden Lernverfahren für die Produktionsablaufplanung formalisiert. In Abschnitt 5.1 soll zunächst der aktuelle Prozess der Produktionsablaufplanung als Ausgangspunkt reflektiert werden, an welchen die zu entwickelnde Methode anknüpfen möchte.
Evaluation der entwickelten Methode
Authors: Lang Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie in Kapitel 5 vorgestellte Methode wurde mit der Zielstellung entworfen, Produktions- und Logistikplaner*innen sowie Wirtschaftsinformatiker*innen bei der Entwicklung und Integration von RL-trainierten agentenbasierten Produktionsablaufsteuerungen zu unterstützen. Die resultierenden Entscheidungssysteme sollen insbesondere eine kurzfristige operative Produktionsablaufplanung begünstigen, unter Berücksichtigung eines dynamischen stochastischen Auftragshorizonts sowie enger Zeitfenster für die Entscheidungsfindung. Im Folgenden soll anhand von drei Fallstudien nachgewiesen werden, dass durch die konsequente Anwendung der Methode Produktionsablaufsteuerungen entwickelt werden können, welche die beschriebenen Eigenschaften erfüllen. Zudem sollen anhand von jeder Fallstudie unterschiedliche Konzepte, die im Rahmen der Methode entwickelt wurden, evaluiert werden.
Schlussbetrachtung
Authors: Lang Sebastian 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungAbschließend soll ein Resümee der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit gezogen werden. Hierbei ist Abschnitt 7.1 der inhaltlichen Zusammenfassung der Arbeit sowie der Beantwortung der in Abschnitt 1.2 formulierten Forschungsfragen gewidmet. In Abschnitt 7.2 wird ein Ausblick auf weitere Forschungsbedarfe und zukünftige Forschungsarbeiten gegeben.
Fracture Propagation
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yongfa , He Pengfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn previous theories regarding hydraulic fracture propagation, it is usually assumed the fluid pressure within the hydraulic fracture is constant in the calculation of the surrounding stress field. The actual fluid pressure during fracturing process, however, is often fluctuating, due to the disturbance of the irregular surface of rock fracture and the viscous flow of fracturing fluid.
Settlement and Mediation
Authors: Zhang Chenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChinese courts, influenced by the concept “Harmony is the Top Priority” in Chinese culture, have always been encouraging the parties to resolve disputes by means of settlement and/or court-connected mediation. In order to prevent the other party from reneging after signing a settlement or mediation agreement, the parties need to obtain effective legal documents from the court so that they can apply with the court for enforcement where necessary. In the process of settlement and mediation, the concessions made by the parties that are unfavorable to themselves cannot be deemed as a self-admission of the parties. However, it is necessary for the parties to take certain measures to prove that these concessions are indeed made in the process of settlement and mediation. Generally, the information involved in settlement and mediation is confidential.
Case Filing and Determination of the Adjudicatory Personnel
Authors: Zhang Chenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAfter determining the competent court, the plaintiff can bring the lawsuit by submitting the statement of claim, necessary evidence, and other formality documents to the court. However, it is noteworthy that foreign parties, especially foreign companies and other institutions, need to prepare a series of formality documents as required by the Chinese court to participate in litigation, which can sometimes be somewhat cumbersome. Therefore, it is necessary to spare sufficient time to get ready. Upon receipt of the plaintiff’s materials, the Chinese court shall examine them to limited extent, and file the case upon satisfaction of certain statutory conditions. To facilitate foreign parties to submit filing materials online, the SPC establishes an Internet platform for foreign parties and streamlines the case-filing procedures from several aspects. Due to some concerns, however, we would advise that foreign organizations prepare paper materials in the traditional way, and seek help from Chinese lawyers for case filing. After the case filing, Chinese courts generally determine the judge(s) for a case through the computer-based random allocation, but under special circumstances, Chinese courts will directly appoint the judge(s) for a case. There is no jury system in China, and the facts and legal issues involved in the case should be decided by the collegial panel or the sole judge. Nevertheless, Chinese citizens can participate in the trial by joining the collegial panel as people’s assessors. The power of people’s assessors is generally the same as that of judges, but in some cases, they only have the right to vote on the finding of facts.
Evidence
Authors: Zhang Chenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEvidence is a topic we would like to spend a large number of pages to introduce. China’s civil litigation evidence system is featured by highly distinctive characteristics from basic concepts to specific rules. For example, the Chinese law emphasizes the principle of “the burden of proof lies with the party asserting a proposition”; the parties should collect evidence on their own as far as possible, rather than relying on the other party to provide evidence. For another example, compared with the witness testimony, the Chinese law attaches more importance to the documentary evidence. On the basis of these characteristics, we strive to comb through and introduce China’s civil litigation evidence system as comprehensively as possible. First, we will introduce some basic systems, including standard of proof, burden of proof, time limit for presenting evidence, and self-admission system. Second, we will introduce some specific types of evidence that readers may be interested in, including witness testimony, secret recording, and evidence from the Internet and social media. Under the Chinese law, the admissibility, probative force, evidence collection and application methods of such evidence all have their own distinctive characteristics, and therefore will be introduced in more detail. Third, we will introduce, in addition to presentation of evidence by the parties, other evidence systems, including technical examination officer, expert opinions/appraisal and examination, evidence investigation and collection by the court, evidence preservation by the court, and evidence presentation order. The parties may, when encountering difficulties in presenting evidence on their own, consider using these systems to obtain evidence or shift the burden of proof. At last, how to keep evidence confidential in litigation is also a highly practical question frequently asked by our peers. We would like to share our thoughts on this issue in the last section of this chapter.
Class Action in China?—Representative Litigation
Authors: Zhang Chenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn China, representative litigation is a system in which some members represent all members of the plaintiff in litigation, but the court judgment will be legally binding on all members being represented. There are similarities between China’s representative litigation and the class action in some other countries. There were few representative litigation cases in China due to the lack of detailed legal provisions and other reasons. However, in 2020, China formulated more detailed legal provisions on the representative litigation system in the securities field. So far, China has established a set of complete and operable representative litigation rules for securities disputes. We expect to witness a gradual increase in the number of representative litigation cases in China, especially in the securities field.
Property Preservation and Act Preservation
Authors: Zhang Chenyang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn China, some defendants will, upon becoming aware of being sued, take various methods to transfer and/or hide their property or the subject matter in dispute. In such circumstances, even if the plaintiff wins the case, it may still find it difficult to be actually compensated. In order to solve this problem, the plaintiff can apply to the Chinese court for property preservation. Chinese courts will take such preservation measures as sequestering, seizing and/or freezing according to the type of property to be preserved, which are the same as those taken by the courts during the enforcement procedure. In order to avoid “winning the case but still losing money”, it’d be better for the plaintiff to consider applying for property preservation and collect property clues of the defendant before case filing. Act preservation is a temporary remedy to avoid the parties from suffering “irreparable damage” during the civil proceedings. The act preservation is highly similar to the “interlocutory injunction” in common law countries and the “provisional injunction” in civil law countries such as Germany and Japan. Chinese courts, when examining the application for act preservation, need to balance the interests between the parties and the public. In recent years, the number of cases, especially those related to intellectual property and unfair competition, subject to the act preservation measures has been on the rise. If the application for act preservation is erroneous, the applicant shall be liable for compensation to the respondent. In intellectual property and unfair competition cases, there are clear-cut standards for determining whether an application for act preservation is erroneous or not.
A tale of 2-groups: Dp(USp(2N)) theories
Authors: Carta Federico , Giacomelli Simone , Mekareeya Noppadol , Mininno Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A 1-form symmetry and a 0-form symmetry may combine to form an extension known as the 2-group symmetry. We find the presence of the latter in a class of Argyres-Douglas theories, called Dp(USp(2N)), which can be realized by ℤ2-twisted compactification of the 6d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (2, 0) of the D-type on a sphere with an irregular twisted puncture and a regular twisted full puncture. We propose the 3d mirror theories of general Dp(USp(2N)) theories that serve as an important tool to study their flavor symmetry and Higgs branch. Yet another important result is presented: we elucidate a technique, dubbed “bootstrap”, which generates an infinite family of $$ {D}_p^b(G) $$

D
p
b

G

theories, where for a given arbitrary group G and a parameter b, each theory in the same family has the same number of mass parameters, same number of marginal deformations, same 1-form symmetry, and same 2-group structure. This technique is utilized to establish the presence or absence of the 2-group symmetries in several classes of $$ {D}_p^b(G) $$

D
p
b

G

theories. In this regard, we find that the Dp(USp(2N)) theories constitute a special class of Argyres-Douglas theories that have a 2-group symmetry.
The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi
Authors: Danner Caroline , Mach Robert L. , Mach-Aigner Astrid R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Fungi are widely exploited for large-scale production in the biotechnological industry to produce a diverse range of substances due to their versatility and relative ease of growing on various substrates. The occurrence of a phenomenon—the so-called fungal strain degeneration—leads to the spontaneous loss or decline of production capacity and results in an economic loss on a tremendous scale. Some of the most commonly applied genera of fungi in the biotechnical industry, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, are threatened by this phenomenon. Although fungal degeneration has been known for almost a century, the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms still need to be understood. The proposed mechanisms causing fungi to degenerate can be of genetic or epigenetic origin. Other factors, such as culture conditions, stress, or aging, were also reported to have an influence. This mini-review addresses the topic of fungal degeneration by describing examples of productivity losses in biotechnical processes using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further, potential reasons, circumvention, and prevention methods are discussed. This is the first mini-review which provides a comprehensive overview on this phenomenon in biotechnologically used fungi, and it also includes a collection of strategies that can be useful to minimize economic losses which can arise from strain degeneration.

Key points
• Spontaneous loss of productivity is evident in many fungi used in biotechnology.
• The properties and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are very versatile.
• Only studying these underlying mechanisms enables the design of a tailored solution.
Impact of positive microscopic resection margins (R1) after gastrectomy in diffuse-type gastric cancer
Authors: Gaspar-Figueiredo Sérgio , Allemann Pierre , Borgstein Alexander B. J. , Joliat Gaëtan-Romain , Luzuy-Guarnero Valentine , Brunel Christophe , Sempoux Christine , Gisbertz Suzanne Sarah , Demartines Nicolas , van Berge Henegouwen Mark Ivo , Schäfer Markus , Mantziari Styliani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DTGC) is associated with poor outcome. Surgical resection margin status (R) is an important prognostic factor, but its exact impact on DTGC patients remains unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of microscopically positive margins (R1) after gastrectomy on survival and tumour recurrence in DTGC patients.

Methods
All consecutive DTGC patients from two tertiary centers who underwent curative oncologic gastrectomy from 2005 to 2018 were analyzed. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) for R0 versus R1 patients. Secondary endpoints included disease-free survival (DFS), recurrence patterns as well as the overall survival benefit of chemotherapy in this DTGC patient cohort.

Results
Overall, 108 patients were analysed, 88 with R0 and 20 with R1 resection. Patients with negative lymph nodes and negative margins (pN0R0) had the best OS (median 102 months, 95% CI 1–207), whereas pN + R0 patients had better median OS than pN + R1 patients (36 months 95% CI 13–59, versus 7 months, 95% CI 1–13, p < 0.001). Similar findings were observed for DFS. Perioperative chemotherapy offered a median OS of 46 months (95% CI 24–68) versus 9 months (95% CI 1–25) after upfront surgery (p = 0.022). R1 patients presented more often early recurrence (< 12 postoperative months, 30% vs 8%, p = 0.002), however, no differences were observed in recurrence location.

Conclusion
DTGC patients with microscopically positive margins (R1) presented poorer OS and DFS, and early tumour recurrence in the present series. R0 resection should be obtained whenever possible, even if other adverse biological features are present.
Associations between physical activity and autonomic function during deep breathing test: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS)
Authors: Memarian Ensieh , Kharraziha Isabella , Hamrefors Viktor , Platonov Pyotr G. , Ekblom Örjan , Gottsäter Anders , Engström Gunnar 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The deep breathing test (DBT) is a sensitive test of cardiovagal function. The aim of this study was to explore associations between physical activity and sedentary time, measured by accelerometer, and autonomic function, using DBT.

Methods
In the Swedish Cardio-Pulmonary bioImage Study, men and women aged 50–64 were randomly invited from the general population. A total of 4325 subjects who underwent DBT and assessment of physical activity and sedentary time by accelerometery were included. ECG files from 1-min DBT were used to calculate measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA; expiration–inspiration (E-I) difference and E/I ratio], heart rate variability [HRV; root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of heart rates and mean circular resultant]. Low RSA and HRV was defined as the lowest 10% in the population.

Results
For accelerometer-assessed physical activity, there were significant associations between high percentage of sedentary time and low E/I (p < 0.01), and low RMSSD (p < 0.01) in an age- and sex-adjusted model, and between percentage of sedentary time and low RMSSD (p = 0.04) in a risk factor-adjusted model. Low RMSSD was less common in those with a high percentage of moderate to vigorous physical activity (p = 0.04, after risk-factor adjustment). These associations became non-significant when further adjusting for heart rate.

Conclusion
We report associations between degree of physical activity and indices of autonomic dysfunction in a large population. The relationships were no longer significant after adjustments for heart rate, indicating that the relationship between physical activity and cardiovagal function partly is accounted for by reduced heart rate.