bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Give women what they want: contraceptive discontinuation and method preference in urban Ghana
Authors: Compton Sarah D. , Manu Adom , Maya Ernest , Morhe Emmanuel S. K. , Dalton Vanessa K. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Unmet need for contraception remains high in Ghana. Reducing the number of women who discontinue their contraceptive use is one way to decrease the number of women with an unmet need. In this study, we investigated factors associated with discontinuation among a cohort of Ghanaian women.

Methods
Women who were beginning a new method of contraception at one of six urban clinics in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana were invited to participate in our study. Participants were interviewed before and after their counseling session, and at 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-months post-enrollment to determine continuation. During follow-up, participants who were no longer using their method were asked why, if they were using any method of contraception, and if so, which method. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with discontinuation for reason other than pregnancy or desired pregnancy.

Results
Of the 472 women who reported leaving their counseling session with a method, 440 (93.2%) had at least one follow-up contact. Of the 440 women, 110 (25%) discontinued their method at some point over the 12-month period, and 94 (85.5%) did so for reasons other than pregnancy or desired pregnancy. In the multivariate regression analysis, women who reported they were given their method of choice were 12.0% less likely to discontinue due to a non-pregnancy reason (p=0.005); those who used a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method were 11.1% less likely (p=.001); and those who reported they would choose to use that method again, one measure of satisfaction, were 23.4% less likely (p<.001).

Conclusions
To our knowledge, the current study is the first to explore method preference and its relation to continuation. Women in our study who reported they were given the contraceptive method of their choice were less likely to discontinue using that method for non-pregnancy-related reasons. Further, those who adopted a LARC method and those who reported they would make the same method choice again were less likely to discontinue. Women should be supported in selecting a contraceptive method of their choice. Providers should work with their clients to find a method which meets their preferences.
Two cases of aseptic internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis associated with hemodialysis catheter, presenting as sore throat: case report and literature review
Authors: Yoshida Shun , Usui Koichi , Naganuma Tsukasa , Nukui Ikuo , Wakasugi Masakiyo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Non-cuffed hemodialysis (HD) catheters are often used for emergency or temporary vascular access. Its complications include thrombosis and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI); however, thrombophlebitis can also occur. Thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) may present with symptoms, such as fever, lateral neck pain, and swelling, regardless of the presence or absence of infection; however, symptoms may be minor and easily overlooked. Sore throat is a well-known symptom of Lemierre's syndrome, but has not been reported in cases of thrombophlebitis without infection. We report two cases of HD catheter-associated IJV thrombophlebitis in patients that were diagnosed with sore throat.

Case presentation
Case 1 included a 58-year-old woman with diabetic nephropathy on HD. She was admitted to our hospital due to the occlusion of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for dialysis. A temporary HD catheter was placed in the right IJV until an arteriovenous graft (AVG) was fabricated. After admission, CRBSI was suspected because she developed fever; however, bacteremia was ruled out and a sore throat gradually developed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed thrombophlebitis of the right IJV. Anticoagulation therapy was initiated and she was discharged due to an improvement of symptoms. Case 2 included an 83-year-old man with end-stage renal disease due to hypertensive nephrosclerosis. He was admitted to our hospital because of AVF occlusion. A temporary HD catheter was inserted into the right IJV and an AVG was created. He had elevated C-reactive protein levels after catheter placement but was asymptomatic. When removing the catheter, he complained of throat discomfort. Ultrasonography of the neck revealed thrombotic obstruction of the right IJV, and contrast-enhanced CT revealed thrombophlebitis of the right IJV. Blood culture results were negative. He was discharged after anticoagulation therapy was started and symptoms improved.

Conclusions
The presence of sore throat leads to the diagnosis of IJV thrombophlebitis. Pharyngeal symptoms that develop after central venous catheter (CVC) placement should be differentiated from thrombophlebitis using a minimally invasive vascular ultrasound.
Artificial intelligence (AI) in biomedical research: discussion on authors’ declaration of AI in their articles title
Authors: Sardanelli Francesco , Castiglioni Isabella , Colarieti Anna , Schiaffino Simone , Di Leo Giovanni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and its different approaches, from machine learning to deep learning, are not new. We discuss here about the declaration of AI in the title of those articles dealing with AI. From 1990 to 2021, while AI articles in the PubMed increased from 300 to 59,596, the percentage declaring AI in the title describes a U-like-shaped curve: about 30% in early 1990s, less than 13% in 2005–2014, again 30% in 2020–2021. A similar trend was observed for AI in medical imaging. While the initial decline could be due to the establishment of AI methods, the recent increase could be related to the capacity of AI to outperform humans, especially in image recognition, fuelled by the adoption of graphic processing units for general purpose computing. The recent increase may also be due to the relevance of open issues about AI, including the standardisation of methods, explainability of results, and concerns about AI-induced epoch-making transformations: to say “We are using AI” in the title may also reflect these concerns.
Bacterial topography of the upper and lower respiratory tract in pigs
Authors: Pirolo Mattia , Espinosa-Gongora Carmen , Alberdi Antton , Eisenhofer Raphael , Soverini Matteo , Eriksen Esben Østergaard , Pedersen Ken Steen , Guardabassi Luca 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Understanding the complex structures and interactions of the bacterial communities inhabiting the upper (URT) and lower (LRT) respiratory tract of pigs is at an early stage. The objective of this study was to characterize the bacterial topography of three URT (nostrils, choana, and tonsils) and LRT (proximal trachea, left caudal lobe and secondary bronchi) sites in pigs. Thirty-six post-mortem samples from six pigs were analysed by 16S rRNA gene quantification and sequencing, and the microbiota in nostrils and trachea was additionally profiled by shotgun sequencing.

Results
The bacterial composition obtained by the two methods was congruent, although metagenomics recovered only a fraction of the diversity (32 metagenome-assembled genomes) due to the high proportion (85–98%) of host DNA. The highest abundance of 16S rRNA copies was observed in nostrils, followed by tonsils, trachea, bronchi, choana and lung. Bacterial richness and diversity were lower in the LRT compared to the URT. Overall, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as predominant taxa in all sample types. Glasserella (15.7%), Streptococcus (14.6%) and Clostridium (10.1%) were the most abundant genera but differences in microbiota composition were observed between the two tracts as well as between sampling sites within the same tract. Clear-cut differences were observed between nasal and tonsillar microbiomes (R-values 0.85–0.93), whereas bacterial communities inhabiting trachea and lung were similar (R-values 0.10–0.17). Moraxella and Streptococcus were more common in bronchial mucosal scraping than in lavage, probably because of mucosal adherence. The bacterial microbiota of the choana was less diverse than that of the nostrils and similar to the tracheal microbiota (R-value 0.24), suggesting that the posterior nasal cavity serves as the primary source of bacteria for the LRT.

Conclusion
We provide new knowledge on microbiota composition and species abundance in distinct ecological niches of the pig respiratory tract. Our results shed light on the distribution of opportunistic bacterial pathogens across the respiratory tract and support the hypothesis that bacteria present in the lungs originate from the posterior nasal cavity. Due to the high abundance of host DNA, high-resolution profiling of the pig respiratory microbiota by shotgun sequencing requires methods for host DNA depletion.
Techno-economic evaluation of electrocoagulation for cattle slaughterhouse wastewater treatment using aluminum electrodes in batch and continuous experiment
Authors: Hellal Mohamed Saad , Doma Hala Salah , Abou-Taleb Enas Mohamed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate, from a techno-economic point of view, cattle slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) treatment via the electrocoagulation (EC) technique. A novel lab-scale EC unit with a 3 L volume was manufactured and tested. The EC unit contains nine identical cylindrical shape electrodes from aluminum material in connection with a controllable DC power supply. Investigation of optimum operating parameters in terms of pH, current density (CD), contact time, and electrolyte concentration was carried out in batch mode and then applied to continuous mode. At each batch, a cost analysis was calculated in terms of the consumption of electrode material and electrical power. The optimum operating conditions at which the best removal efficiency was achieved were pH 7, contact time 75 min, total dissolved solids of 3000 mg L−1, and CD of 4 mA cm−2. After application of these conditions on continuous flow mode, the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand, color, turbidity, biological oxygen demand, and oil, grease were 95, 99, 99, 97 and 95%, respectively. The total electrode consumption and electrical consumptions were 0.6 kg m−3and 0.87 kWh m−3with an operational cost of about $1.5 m−3. This proved that EC is a techno-economically effective treatment method than other conventional treatment methods for high-rate removal of pollutants from CSWW.
Microbial repairing of concrete & its role in CO2 sequestration: a critical review
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Atrayee , Saha Anwesha , Ghosh Diya , Dam Bomba , Samanta Amiya K. , Dutta Susmita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Being the most widely used construction material, concrete health is considered a very important aspect from the structural point of view. Microcracks in concrete cause water and chlorine ions to enter the structure, causing the concrete to degrade and the reinforcement to corrode, posing an unacceptable level of structural risk. Hence repair of these cracks in an eco-friendly and cost-effective way is in the interest of various researchers. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is an effective way considered by various researchers to heal those concrete cracks along with an important environmental contribution of CO2 (carbon dioxide) sequestration in the process.

Main content
As the current concentration of CO2 in the earth’s atmosphere is about 412 ppm, it possesses a deadly threat to the environmental issue of global warming. The use of bacteria for MICP can not only be a viable solution to repairing concrete cracks but also can play an important role of CO2 arrestation in carbonate form. This will help in carbon level management to lessen the adverse effects of this greenhouse gas on the atmospheric environment, particularly on the climate. To overcome the insufficiency of studies concentrating on this aspect, this review article focuses on the metabolic pathways and mechanisms of MICP and highlights the value of MICP for CO2 arrestation/sequestration from the atmosphere during the process of self-healing of concrete cracks, which is also the novelty of this work. An overview of recent studies on the implementation of MICP in concrete crack repair is used to discuss and analyse the factors influencing the effectiveness of MICP in the process, including various approaches used for CO2 sequestration. Furthermore, this investigation concentrates on finding the scope of work in the same field for the most effective ways of CO2 sequestration in the process of self-healing cracks of concrete.

Conclusion
In a prospective study, MICP can be an effective technology for CO2 sequestration in concrete crack repair, as it can reduce adverse environmental impacts and provide greener environment. This critical study concludes that MICP can bear a significant role in arrestation/sequestration of CO2, under proper atmospheric conditions with a cautious selection of microorganisms and its nutrient for the MICP procedure.

Graphical Abstract
Un proyecto permanente de Patrimonio Cultural Audiovisual en la Universidad de Cantabria: “Recuperando Utopías”
Authors: Riego Amézaga Bernardo , García Gutiérrez Nuria 
Published: January 2023

“Recuperando Utopías” fue un proyecto que se puso en marcha en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Cantabria en 2012, a la que se sumó posteriormente la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras que comparte edificio universitario y ha consistido en exponer y explicar didácticamente, en una serie de vitrinas temáticas, aparatos y tecnologías usados a lo largo del tiempo para formar al alumnado en diferentes disciplinas educativas e historiográficas. El objetivo, más allá de superar la obsolescencia tecnológica de los diversos aparatos expuestos, ha sido que la narración expositiva muestre un amplio recorrido de propuestas y estrategias educativas que han estado vigentes para dar respuesta a la “utopía” de que con las máquinas se enseña y se aprende mejor; pero, sobre todo, es un modo para que los alumnos actuales y futuros tengan la oportunidad de contemplar de modo coherente y estructurado diversas iniciativas tecnológicas que se han ido dando a lo largo del tiempo, las cuales se describen en el artículo. La metodología de la iniciativa se basó en rescatar, de los desvanes del edificio, aparatos antiguos y obsoletos que se usaron en las aulas en las décadas anteriores con el objeto de establecer un diálogo intergeneracional con los alumnos actuales y venideros sobre la tradición de las TIC en el ámbito educativo. Los resultados han sido una exposición permanente en la zona de aulas del Interfacultativo de la Universidad de Cantabria, que cada año sirve como una experiencia didáctica para las asignaturas que imparten las TIC en la Facultad de Educación. La discusión de los resultados iniciales se inscribe en el marco de los intereses y preocupaciones de la Universidad de Cantabria por la conservación de su patrimonio universitario, también de tipo docente, desde una visión tecnológica de diversos instrumentos que deben ser explicados y puestos en valor y que se suman a la tendencia de las universidades españolas en un campo en interés creciente en estos momentos por los cambios que se están produciendo desde la implosión digital en todos los procesos formativos.
THE IMAGE OF INDONESIA IN THE G20 PRESIDENCY ON THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT: A PRAGMATIC APPROACH
Authors: Suswandi Irwan , Sapanti Intan Rawit , Sanjaya Angga Trio 
Published: January 2023

Indonesia has been elected for the first time in the G20 Presidency. Shortly after being elected to the presidency holder, a big challenge arose which was the re-emergence of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This situation forced Indonesia to appear as the leader of the world’s major economic countries. In this G20 Presidency, Indonesia has also built an image that is expected to help resolve the Russia-Ukraine conflict. This analytical descriptive research aimed to analyze the image of Indonesia in the G20 Presidency on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The approach used was a pragmatic approach, with speech act theory from Austin (1962) and Searle (1969), and image building theory from Lozier (1976). The data collection method chosen was the note-taking method with the data analysis technique was the pragmatic identity method. The data source for this research was an official speech video of President Joko Widodo responding to the Russia-Ukraine conflict which was obtained on the YouTube channel “Sekretariat Presiden”. The data collected were 13 utterances that contained the image of Indonesia on the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Based on the results of the analysis, the image of Indonesia through Joko Widodo’s speech was built through illocutionary meaning. The illocutionary meaning produces 8 (eight) images of Indonesia, namely committed, proactive, neutral, humanist, peace-loving, solutive, progressive, and responsible. The image of Indonesia on the Russia-Ukraine conflict was built as a form of the existence of Indonesia which is now the G20 Presidency. This image is principle for Indonesia as the holder of the G20 Presidency to influence the world to build peace.
REPRESENTATION OF NATIONALISM IN VIDEO CLIPS WONDERLAND INDONESIA BY ALFFY REV
Authors: Sucahyo Bagas Muhamad , Wenerda Indah 
Published: January 2023

This study aims to dissect the representation of Nationalism in the Wonderland Indonesia video clip by Alffy Rev. Wonderland Indonesia video clip is a video clip concept that combines real seat visuals with CGI (Computer Generated Imagery) technology and combines elements of modern EDM (Electronic Dance Music) music with elements of traditional music. This video clip elevates and introduces the beauty of Indonesia. The focus of this research is to find out that Indonesia is represented in any form within Wonderland Indonesia.This research was conducted using a type of qualitative research using John Fiske's semiotic analysis theory (Codes of television), this theory can reveal the meaning contained in film or audio-visual, with three level codes, namely: the level of reality (Displaying, environment, makeup, costumes, behavior, expression, movement and dialogue), the level of representation (Camera, lighting, music and sound editing), the level of ideology (individualism, patriarchy, race, materialism and capitalism). The data collection technique in this study is to use observation, documentation and literature studies which are then processed by researchers to obtain appropriate and accurate data. The results in this study show that in the Wonderland Indonesia video clip, Nationalism is represented through Indonesia's natural wealth, Cultural Diversity, Indonesian Independence and the Figure of Antaboga. To analyze and dissect what kind of Nationalism in Wonderland Indonesia, researchers use John Fiske's semiotic theory with three levels, namely: the level of reality, the level of representation and the level of ideology.
The recovery of training and education post-COVID-19: the importance of supporting the consultant workforce
Authors: Baryeh Kwaku , Bradley Anna , Cotzias Christina 
Published: January 2023

Background/aims Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, training and education have been significantly disrupted, causing an incalculable effect on trainees. However, the consultant workforce is crucial to the success of training recovery. The motivation of the consultant workforce to assist in training recovery, in a context of significant workload and increasing pressures on resources, is currently unknown. Methods This survey gathered the consultant workforce's views on assisting training recovery at one site of a large NHS foundation trust Results There was reduced motivation to engage in training and education when compared to pre-pandemic levels, widespread indicators of burnout, and changes in attitude towards reducing their working hours and early retirement. conclusions These findings demonstrate a worrying trend that is likely to be replicated nationwide, which highlights the need to support consultants to avoid further disruption to training recovery.
HILDE SPIEL Y GISÈLE FREUND Y LA EXPERIENCIA DEL EXILIO. TESTIMONIOS Y DOCUMENTOS DE UNA ÉPOCA
Authors: Serra Pfennig Isabel 
Published: January 2023

Tanto Hilde Spiel (1990-1990) como Gisèle Freund (1908-2000) están consideradas unas intelectuales fundamentales en el contexto de la cultura germánica en el siglo XX. Hilde Spiel trabajó como corresponsal de guerra, narradora, traductora y relevante periodista en el entorno de la literatura del exilio en la que prevalecen en sus páginas el exilio y el conflicto de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Gisèle Freund vivió también en la misma tumultuosa época del siglo XX en la que su formación como socióloga y fotoperiodista le sirvió para dejarnos un importante legado de la historia de la fotografía y del fotoperiodismo. Una auténtica herencia cultural en el mundo de la fotografía, de retratos y artistas en los que cuentan, entre otros de su época en Francia , a Paul Valéry, André Gide, Louis Aragon, Jean Richard Bloch y André Malraux. También de su exilio a Latinoamérica retrató a personajes de la cultura latinoamericana, entre los que destacan, Jorge Luis Borges, Diego Rivera y Frida Kahlo. Las estrategias fotográficas que utilizó Gisèle Freund están basadas en la búsqueda de expresiones fugaces, buscando la modulación de la luz idónea para expresar la verdadera esencia del retrato, caracterizadas todos ellos, por el magnetismo y el aura de los personajes retratados. Este estudio de ambas autoras contribuye a abrir nuevos caminos de investigación en los que une a dos mujeres de origen judío que han contribuido a la reflexión sobre la condición femenina y por ende han aportado una visión novedosa de la cara más humana de la guerra y de la posguerra mundial y por último suponen un imprescindible testimonio y un auténtico retrato de la Europa del siglo XX.
The combination of type 1 diabetes and eating disorder during pregnancy
Authors: Goldshmid A. E. , Balakshina N. A. , Amosova M. V. , Poluboyarinova I. V. , Fadeev V. V. 
Published: January 2023

The problem of eating disorders currently holds a special place in clinical practice. Bulimia nervosa is one of the main forms of eating disorders, characterized by the difficulty in its treatment and a long, recurrent course. Eating disorders are common in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), especially in adolescent girls.In this article, we present a clinical case of a patient with T1D and bulimia nervosa, which developed before the manifestation of T1D and progressed against its background. The patient is overly concerned with controlling body weight, specifically restricted the intake of carbohydrates, forcibly caused vomiting. During pregnancy fasting ketonuria («low-carb ketone») was repeatedly detected. The minimum weight was 37 kg (BMI 15.2 kg/m2). Particular interest of this case is the course of pregnancy, which ended in the antenatal death. The possible cause could be the restriction on carbohydrate food and prolonged stay in ketosis, that might lead to the development of pregnancy pathology. Additional examination also revealed multiple complications of diabetes and recurrent depressive disorder, which requires conjoint monitoring by an endocrinologist and a psychiatrist.Combination of T1D and eating disorder in a pregnant patient should be considered as an atypical course of the disease.