bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do People With Schizophrenia Enjoy Social Activities as Much as Everyone Else? A Meta-analysis of Consummatory Social Pleasure
Authors: Abel Danielle B , Rand Kevin L , Salyers Michelle P , Myers Evan J , Mickens Jessica L , Minor Kyle S 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
The “emotion paradox” of schizophrenia suggests people with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits when reporting anticipated and retrospective pleasure; yet, in-the-moment, consummatory pleasure is largely intact. It is uncertain how these findings extend to social situations. This meta-analysis aimed to (1) determine the mean difference in consummatory social pleasure between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls, and (2) examine moderators of this effect, including study design and clinical characteristics of participants.

Design
A literature search using PsycINFO, Web of Science, Pubmed, and EMBASE databases was conducted. Studies measuring consummatory social pleasure using experience sampling methods and laboratory social simulations were included. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted using Hedge’s g.

Results
Meta-analysis of 26 studies suggests people with schizophrenia exhibited a small, significant deficit in consummatory social pleasure (g = −0.38, 90% CI [−0.53, −0.22]). There was significant heterogeneity in effect sizes; magnitude was moderated by study design and type of measure used to assess social pleasure.

Conclusions
Overall, people with schizophrenia seem to exhibit less consummatory social pleasure than controls. However, this deficit is smaller than in studies of anticipated and retrospective pleasure. Thus, consummatory social pleasure may not be quite as impaired in people with schizophrenia as traditional anhedonia research suggests. Moreover, pleasure deficits observed in people with schizophrenia may result from differences in the quality of their daily social experiences rather than differences in their capacity for social pleasure. Results have important implications for clinical interventions that address barriers to social engagement, low-pleasure beliefs, and cognitive remediation to treat schizophrenia.
The Republic of Fear: Mental Illness in the Finnish Civil War of 1918
Authors: Pietikainen Petteri 
Published: February 2023

Summary
This article examines the links between mental illness and the Finnish Civil War of 1918. Based on the study of patient records from a large state mental hospital, the article discusses the mental wounds of both servicemen and civilians and focuses on fear as an essential component in the onset of mental disorder. An examination of patient records reveals how civil war affected the mental health of ordinary people and created a collective psychological atmosphere of fear and anxiety. What this article also demonstrates is that, during and after the war, patients who were mentally scarred by the atrocities were neither categorised nor diagnosed any differently from other mental patients. By focussing on patient experiences in the ‘mini-society’ of a mental hospital, this article aims to give a nuanced account of the ways in which civil war can affect mental health on both the individual and collective levels.
Altered functional connectivity associated with striatal dopamine depletion in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Shima Atsushi , Inano Rika , Tabu Hayato , Okada Tomohisa , Nakamoto Yuji , Takahashi Ryosuke , Sawamoto Nobukatsu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe aimed to clarify whether dopamine depletion in the posterior dorsal striatum in early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) alters synchronized activity in the cortico-basal ganglia motor circuit. In sum, 14 PD patients and 16 matched healthy controls (HC) underwent [11C]-2-β-carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane positron emission tomography to identify striatal dopamine-depleted areas. The identified map was applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to discover abnormalities in functional connectivity (FC) during motor-task and rest-state in PD patients in the drug-off state relative to HC. Striatal dopamine-depleted areas formed synchronized fMRI activity that largely corresponded to the cortico-basal ganglia motor circuit. Group comparisons revealed that striatal dopamine-depleted areas exhibited decreased FC with the medial premotor cortex during motor-task and with the medial, lateral premotor and primary motor cortices during rest-state. Striatal dopamine-depleted areas also elucidated decreased FC in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in PD both during motor-task and rest-state. The STN regions that exhibited reduced FC with striatal dopamine-depleted areas demonstrated excessive FC with the lateral premotor and primary motor cortices in PD only during rest-state. Our findings suggest that striatal dopamine-depleted area reduced synchronized activity with the motor cortices and STN, which, in turn, induces an abnormal increase in coupling between the areas in PD.
Mindfulness for depression management in men with prostate cancer
Authors: Teigen Amber 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
Increasing incidence and survival rates of prostate cancer are leaving more men to suffer the sequelae of their diagnosis and treatment, like depression. Depression and other negative psychosocial factors significantly affect this population but often go undiagnosed and/or ineffectively managed. This case report focuses on the negative effects of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, the importance of screening these patients for depression, and the exploration of mindfulness as an adjunctive management option for this population.
PAs in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Joyce Pauline , Robinson Sean T. , Alexander Lisa Mustone 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The physician associate/assistant (PA) profession was introduced into the Republic of Ireland following a 2-year pilot project with the Irish Department of Health between 2015 and 2017. Four PAs from North America were recruited into four designated surgical services at a large teaching hospital in Dublin. To date, the PA numbers are small in Ireland, with one university, in Dublin, running the program and 61 graduates working mostly in the hospital setting, with a small number in primary care. The cautious introduction of PAs partly is due to a delay in follow-up from the Department of Health after the pilot project and in the university's decision to increase the student intake slowly to ensure all graduates secure employment.
Incompatibility of Some Prefilled Glass Syringes and Luer-Activated Needleless Valve Connectors
Authors: Aschenbrenner Diane S. 
Published: February 2023

Some needleless Luer-activated valve connectors with internal pins are not compatible with certain prefilled glass syringes. The internal pin can block the glass syringe tip and prevent drug administration.Nurses should be aware of this risk and assist in evaluating the Luer-activated valve connectors used in their organization.
Knot the Best Scenario: A Case of a Knotted Nasogastric Tube
Authors: Monica Fan Peijin Esther , Teo Kai Yunn , Tan Min Yi , Ang Shin Yuh 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT:
Nasogastric tubes are widely used in clinical practice for enteral nutrition, medication administration, and gastric decompression. Common complications of their use—such as tube blockage, displacement, and accidental removal—are well described in the literature. However, knotting—a complication that occurs when a knot forms in the nasogastric tube in situ—is rare. This report presents the case of a nasogastric tube that became knotted, causing difficulty in its removal. Key takeaways from this case are discussed, among them that more emphasis should be placed on safe nasogastric tube removal in practitioner training to better prevent such complications in the future.
Consider Short Course of Antibiotics for Children with Nonsevere Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: February 2023

According to this study:

A systematic review and meta-analysis found high-quality evidence that a shorter course of antibiotics was noninferior to a longer course in children ages two to 59 months who had nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia.Clinicians should consider prescribing a shorter course of antibiotics for the management of nonsevere community-acquired pneumonia in children.
Limited Evidence of Effectiveness of Acupuncture for Adult Health Conditions
Authors: Rosenberg Karen 
Published: February 2023

According to this study:

Systematic reviews of acupuncture for adult health conditions have concluded that there is only a modest number of conditions for which there is at least moderate-certainty evidence regarding health outcomes.Most of these studies involved comparisons of acupuncture with sham or control acupuncture, and mostly for painful conditions.
Medical respite post-hospitalization for adults experiencing homelessness
Authors: Hadenfeldt Cindy , Todd Martha J. , Hamzhie Chelsea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Nurses provide care in various settings and advocate for vulnerable populations. Recognizing the need for follow-up care after hospitalization and mobilizing necessary resources are part of caring for patients, including those experiencing homelessness. This article discusses how one community coalition assessed gaps in care that might be met by establishing medical respite in the community.
High- Versus Low-Energy Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures in Young Patients: Injury Characteristics and Factors Associated With Complications
Authors: Stenquist Derek S. , Albertson Spencer , Bailey Daniel , Paladino Lucas , Flanagan Christopher D. , Stang Thomas , Watson David T. , Shah Anjan R. , Maxson Benjamin J. , Infante Anthony F. , Donohue David , Sanders Roy W. , Mir Hassan R. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To compare fracture patterns and associated injuries for young patients with high- versus low-energy intertrochanteric hip fractures and to report on factors associated with complications after surgical fixation of high-energy fractures.

Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Setting:
Academic Level 1 Trauma Center.

Patients:
A total of 103 patients 50 years of age or younger were included: 80 high-energy fractures and 23 low-energy fractures.

Intervention:
Cephalomedullary nailing (N = 92) or a sliding hip screw (N = 11).

Main Outcome Measures:
Radiographic characteristics of fracture morphology, implant position, and reduction quality and postoperative complications were the main outcome measures.

Results:
Compared with young patients with low-energy fractures, those with high-energy fractures had more fracture comminution (P = 0.013) and higher ISS scores (P < 0.003) and were more likely to require open reduction (P < 0.001). Patients with low-energy fractures from a ground-level fall had higher rates of alcohol abuse (0.032), cirrhosis (0.010), and chronic steroid use (0.048). Overall reoperation rate for high-energy fractures was 7%, including 2 IT fracture nonunions (5%) and 1 deep infection (2%). For high-energy fractures, ASA class (P = 0.026), anterior lag screw position (P = 0.001), and varus malreduction (P < 0.001) were associated with malunion. Four-part fracture (OTA/AO 31A2.3/Jensen 5) (P = 0.028) and residual calcar gap >3 mm (P = 0.03) were associated with reoperation.

Conclusions:
Surgical treatment of high-energy IT fractures in young patients is technically demanding with potential untoward outcomes. Injury characteristics and severity are significantly different for young patients with high-energy IT fractures compared with low-energy fractures. For young patients with a high-energy IT fracture, surgeons can anticipate a high rate of associated injuries and complex fracture patterns requiring open reduction. For young patients with a low-energy IT fracture, comanagement with a hospitalist or a geriatrician should be considered because they may be physiologically older.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Maintaining Skeletal Traction During CT Scans: A Novel and Reproducible Setup
Authors: Cross Jeff M. , Rasmussen Michaela , Stokey Phillip , Tank Jason 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
Skeletal traction is an integral technique in orthopedic fracture management, used primarily in the acute preoperative setting, but in many parts of the world, is still considered for definitive management. Maintenance of skeletal traction during imaging procedures can be a large burden on providers, and releasing traction even for a short period of time can have significant adverse outcomes for patients. There is currently no practical technique for accomplishing this in the literature.

Materials and Methods:
We describe here a novel and easily reproducible setup that allows for the maintenance of traction during computed tomography scans.

Results:
The described technique is versatile as it can be used with different computed tomography scanners, easily assembled in a few minutes, and accommodates up to 25 lbs.

Conclusions:
This technical design offers a safe and quickly reproducible setup for skeletal traction in unique situations where traction is required during imaging. The apparatus has implications for advanced diagnostic and research-based imaging as well, and all materials should be readily available at any institution frequently performing skeletal traction.
Radiation Treatment for Cancer of the Anal Margin
Authors: Gracie Jayden , Fortune E. Charles , Morris Christopher G. , Leach Daniel F. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
To identify best treatment practices by examining outcomes of anal margin cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.

Methods:
Relevant literature was compared with 38 patients at our institution treated 1979 to 2019 with curative radiotherapy. Median age was 51. Four patients had T1, 22 had T2, and 12 had T3 disease based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging at time of diagnosis. Nodal staging distribution was: N0=33; N1=2; N2=2; N3=1. Median radiation dose was 56 Gy/30 fractions. Five received nodal radiation for node positivity, 29 received elective nodal radiation, and 29 had perineal boost. Twenty-seven received concurrent chemotherapy.

Results:
Three patients experienced isolated local recurrence, 2 had isolated inguinal node recurrences, and 2 developed distant metastases, 1 of whom also had local and regional recurrence. Ten-year disease-free survival (DFS), cause-specific survival, and overall survival were 87%, 92%, and 68%, respectively. One patient did not complete radiation, and 4 had unexpected treatment breaks. Two received salvage abdominoperineal resections. At last follow-up, 17 were alive with no evidence of disease, 2 were alive with anal margin cancer present, 3 had died with anal margin cancer present at 11, 18, and 21 months from radiation therapy, and 16 had died from intercurrent disease. Median follow-up was 6.6 years (range 0.9 to 29.0 y). Age ≥51 was associated with worse locoregional control (P=0.018) and DFS (P=0.0233), males had worse DFS (P=0.0311), and HIV-positive patients had worse overall survival (P=0.006).

Conclusions:
Radiation provides high locoregional control of anal margin cancer with good long-term outcomes.
Sexual Dissatisfaction after Hand Surgery
Authors: Rompala Alexander , Dar Qurratul-Ain , Avoricani Alba , Levy Kenneth H. , Kurtzman Joey S. , Koehler Steven M. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Using the hand questionnaire (HAND-Q) patient-reported outcome measure, the effects of upper extremity surgery on patients’ perception of their sex life were explored. The hand is a uniquely sexual organ, and we hypothesized that self-reported measures of disease severity, quality of life, and emotional impact would correlate with sexual dissatisfaction among patients receiving treatment for hand/upper extremity conditions.

Methods:
Patients were prospectively enrolled for hand questionnaire participation. Patients with valid responses to the following questions were included: functionality, hand appearance satisfaction, symptom severity, emotional dissatisfaction, sexual dissatisfaction, and treatment satisfaction. Composite scores were created and scored. Sexual dissatisfaction composite scores were compared through Spearman correlation coefficient analysis to quality of life, emotional dissatisfaction, hand appearance, symptom severity, and hand functionality.

Results:
High levels of diminished quality of life correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = 0.748, P < 0.001). Increased emotional dissatisfaction correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = 0.827, P < 0.001). Increased satisfaction with hand appearance negatively correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = –0.648, P = 0.001). Increased levels of dissatisfaction with hand functionality correlated with sexual dissatisfaction (rs = 0.526, P = 0.005).

Conclusions:
The correlation between sex life and quality of life may allow surgeons to improve patient satisfaction when treating hand/upper extremity issues. The relationship between sex life and emotional dissatisfaction emphasizes the impact that sexual dissatisfaction has on patients’ lives. Evaluating the relationship between hand appearance and sexual dissatisfaction may indicate that patient self-perception of hand attractiveness plays a role in sex life.
BRAF V600E Immunohistochemistry Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma in Thai population
Authors: Meevassana Jiraroch , Anothaisatapon Kullawit , Subbalekha Surawish , Kamolratanakul Supitcha , Siritientong Tippawan , Ruangritchankul Komkrit , Pungrasami Pornthep , Hamill Kevin J , Angsapatt Apichai , Kitkumthorn Nakarin 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The BRAF V600E mutation in the Thai population has been identified in a considerable percentage of people with cutaneous melanoma. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of this mutation in cutaneous melanomas, conduct a clinicopathological association analysis with the BRAF V600E mutation, and develop a treatment strategy for patients with this mutation that would take advantage of the medications currently available to treat them.

Methods:
Anti-BRAF V600E (clone VE1) immunohistochemistry was performed on 50 pathological samples of cutaneous melanoma after excluding the samples with a low amount of pathologic tissue, a lack of clinical data‚ and poor follow-up. BRAF V600E expression DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the results of several cases.

Results:
Anti-BRAF V600E antibody positivity was noted in 56% (28/50) of cutaneous melanoma cases. DNA sequencing results were consistent with immunohistochemistry results. In cutaneous melanoma, the BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with adverse prognosis of patients, including reduced overall survival and disease-free survival.

Conclusions:
An increased prevalence of the BRAF V600E mutation was determined in a collection of cutaneous melanomas in the Thai population, implying that BRAF-targeted therapy may be a promising strategy for patients with BRAF-mutated cutaneous melanoma. This study revealed an association between the clinicopathological aspects of cutaneous melanoma and overall survival, disease-free survival, and overall mortality. A treatment with anti-BRAF-targeted therapy, which incorporates the already available medications‚ is being researched and developed.
Alternative Nerve Transfer for Shoulder Function: Thoracodorsal and Medial Triceps to Anterior Axillary Nerve
Authors: Janes Lindsay Ellen , Crowe Christopher , Shah Nikhil , Sasson Daniel , Ko Jason H. 
Published: February 2023

Introduction:
We describe a reliable approach for double nerve transfer of the medial triceps branch and thoracodorsal nerve to the axillary nerve to increase axonal input. We present a review of outcomes for both end-to-end and reverse end-to-side nerve transfer.

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients who underwent nerve transfer for improvement of shoulder abduction at Harborview Medical Center and Northwestern Memorial Hospital between 2012 and 2021 was conducted. Patients were prospectively contacted to fill out a 30 item Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, with an option to upload a video demonstrating active range of motion.

Results:
Twenty-one patients with 23 affected extremities were included in the final analysis. Fifteen patients completed the prospective arm of the study (71% response rate). Seventy-nine percent of patient limbs achieved a Medical Research Council Motor Scale (MRC-MS) of 4 or greater, and measured shoulder abduction active range of motion (AROM) was 139.2 degrees (range, 29–174 degrees) and 140.9 degrees (range, 60–180 degrees) (P = 0.95) for end-to-end and reverse end-to-side, respectively. Comparing end-to-end with reverse end-to-side neurorrhaphy, outcomes, including follow-up, mean postoperative MRC-MS, mean change in MRC-MS, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand, abduction AROM, and flexion AROM, were not statistically different.

Conclusions:
We showed improvements in shoulder abduction with the thoracodorsal nerve, in addition to the medial triceps branch, to increase axonal donation and power the axillary nerve without sacrificing the spinal accessory nerve. Furthermore, we demonstrated improvements with reverse end-to-side coaptation when intraoperative stimulation of the axillary nerve revealed residual function.
The UQ Flap: A Novel Modification of the Keystone Flap
Authors: Hassani Mohammadreza , Hertess Isolde , Tucker Simon , Coetzer-Botha Martelle , Kittler Harald , Rosendahl Cliff 
Published: February 2023

Summary:
Wound closure following excisions on the leg (between the knee and ankle), including the distal leg, is challenged by limited skin laxity. The keystone flap, first described by Behan in 2003, was proposed as one solution, but with a significant complication rate on the distal leg. This pilot study introduces a novel modification of the keystone flap, named the UQ flap, differing from other modifications, with an un-incised portion on one flap border and a unique curved leading-edge to absorb tension and distribute shearing forces in different directions, providing improved flap security and vascularization. The UQ flap was performed on 10 patients in two formats of “U” and “Q” also with two different orientations as base-proximal and base-distal. Other variations including minor deviation from the longitudinal axis, and double flap, were also performed. Except for one case with minor infection, there were no complications, and the results were favorable. No fasciotomy or undermining was required. The UQ flap proved to be a safe and convenient method of wound closure on the leg, including the distal leg. Compared with the keystone flap, there were reduced incisions leading to improved vascularity and less healthy tissue trimming. Its unique shape provided flap flexibility facilitating easy adjustment to the defects. The order and direction of wound closure after the excision of the lesion and incision of the flap are critical.