bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING AND WELLNESS ENGAGEMENT IN LIFE PLAN COMMUNITIES
Authors: Smith Jennifer , Fullen Matthew , Clarke Philip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Life Plan Communities, also known as Continuing Care Retirement Communities, typically offer a wide range of wellness programs and services, including fitness classes, educational lectures, volunteer opportunities, and social events. Despite the convenience of onsite wellness resources, some residents choose not to participate in wellness offerings available at the community. One factor that may influence engagement in wellness behaviors is older adults’ attitudes toward aging, which has been associated with differences in health and well-being over time. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between attitudes toward aging and wellness engagement among residents of Life Plan Communities. A total of 447 residents (ages 59 to 97; M = 81.82, SD = 6.55; 65% female) of 10 communities completed surveys that measured their attitudes toward aging, self-reported wellness, interest in improving wellness, participation in wellness programs, and barriers to wellness participation. Multiple regression analyses revealed that more positive attitudes toward aging were associated with better wellness, higher interest, more frequent participation, and fewer barriers, controlling for age, gender health, education, and marital status. Follow-up analyses revealed that these effects could be accounted for by specific types of aging attitudes (i.e., psychological growth, psychosocial loss, and physical change). For example, greater psychological growth was associated with greater wellness, interest in improving wellness, and wellness participation, whereas greater psychosocial losses was associated with greater perceived barriers and lower wellness. These findings have implications for the development, implementation, and promotion of wellness programs for older adults.
TOILETING AND MOBILITY ASSISTANCE PREFERENCES OF PATIENTS ON AN ACUTE CARE FOR ELDERS (ACE) UNIT
Authors: Wilson Lucy , Hollingsworth Emily , Shah Avantika , Simmons Sandra 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) fall prevention guidelines include recommendations for providing consistent toileting and mobility assistance during hospitalization, little is known about hospitalized older adults’ preferences for receiving such assistance. The aim of this study was to identify older adults’ perceived need and preferences for toileting and mobility assistance during their hospital stay. We interviewed 150 patients aged 50 or older and asked about their perceived need for toileting and mobility assistance and how frequently hospital staff provided it. A total of 75 patients (50%) reported a need for toileting assistance; and, of those who reported a need for assistance, 95% reported that staff provided assistance at a frequency that met their needs. A total of 72 patients (48%) reported a need for mobility assistance; however, an additional 41 patients (27%) had not yet attempted to ambulate at the time of the interview. Across all patients, 100 (67%) reported either no attempt or having ambulated only once during their hospital stay. Most patients who required toileting or mobility assistance stated it was “very” or “extremely important” to receive assistance (82% and 76%, respectively). In summary, approximately one-half of older patients on an ACE unit require toileting and/or mobility assistance. Efforts to provide consistent toileting and mobility assistance during hospitalization could require significant staff time based on the number of patients who need it. Further research is needed to determine how to comprehensively implement AHRQ fall prevention guidelines in the hospital setting for older patients.
THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE DISTRESS THERMOMETER IN FAMILY SURROGATES OF ICU PATIENTS
Authors: O'Brien Emma , Burke Emily , Slaven James , Taylor Tracy , Torke Alexia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Brief, reliable assessment tools are highly valued in both research and clinical settings. The single-item Distress Thermometer (DT) asks participants to rank their overall level of distress from zero to ten. Similar measures of distress perform well in oncology populations, but the validity of the DT has not been well tested with other populations. To determine its validity and reliability, we analyzed data from family surrogates (n=188) of critically ill ICU patients. Surrogates were asked to rate their distress during the first four days of the patient’s ICU stay and 6-8 weeks after discharge (n=127). Data were analyzed using Spearman non-parametric correlation due to the distributions of the data. DT scores at both baseline and follow-up were significantly correlated with anxiety (GAD-7: correlation coefficient (ρ)=.527, p&lt;.0001; ρ=.543, p&lt;.0001, respectively), depression (PHQ-9: ρ=.480, p&lt;.0001; ρ=.399, p=.0002), distress (Kessler-6: ρ=.477, p&lt;.0001; ρ=.528, p&lt;.0001), and negative religious coping (ρ=.149, p=.0426; ρ=.238, p=.0074). Results also indicated that spiritual well-being at baseline and follow-up (FACIT: ρ=-.391, p&lt;.0001, ρ=-.443, p&lt;.0001) and positive religious coping at baseline (RCOPE: ρ=-.164, p=.0253) have an inverse relationship with overall distress. At baseline, surrogates with better positive religious coping and/or more involvement in organizational religious activity (ρ=-.189, p=.0106) were more likely to report lower distress. The DT could be an efficient, single item predictor of outcomes that impact patient and family care. Future research could confirm its validity as a measure of distress, in a variety of clinical populations and environments that could inform clinical care for patients and families.
A MIXED METHOD APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING NURSING STUDENTS' SELF-EFFICACY TO CARE FOR OLDER ADULTS IN GHANA
Authors: Abudu-Birresborn Diana , Puts Martine , McCleary Lynn , Yakong Vida , Chu Charlene , Cranley Lisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
To identify students’ motivation, gaps, and opportunities to design effective teaching strategies, it is necessary to examine nursing students' understanding of their self-efficacy to care for persons 60+ years. A mixed-method approach was employed. In phase 1, 170 second-and third-year nursing students from two public Nursing Colleges in Ghana were recruited. A cross-sectional survey included the General Self-efficacy to Care for Older Adults’ scale (GSE-COA), the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Old Peoples scale, and the Knowledge about Older Patients Quiz. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in SPSS IBM 26. The results of phase 1, informed the selection of students for phase 2. In phase 2, 17 students were purposefully selected for in-depth semi-interviews. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Both results were then integrated, interpreted, and presented jointly. Students’ mean age was 21yrs (SD=3.73), with 91 (54%) females. Most students 140 (71.0%) had lived with/were currently living with an older adult. The majority 164 (97%), had higher scores for GSE-COA (mean= 107, SD=14.29), indicating high self-efficacy. Qualitative results showed that students’ high self-efficacy was due to their familiarity with older adults at home and their perceived competence in routine nursing care. Students who demonstrated a high sense of self-efficacy were confident and perceived caring for older adults as a duty and responsibility, had experience/exposure to and were comfortable working with older adults. The findings demonstrate an opportunity to design effective teaching strategies to develop and sustain students’ interest and motivation in the care for older adults in Ghana.
EXPLORING LINGUISTIC PATTERNS ON A STORY RECALL TASK IN PEOPLE WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
Authors: Boland Angela , Jensen Adelaide , Davidson Patrick , Taler Vanessa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) involves declines in language and episodic memory. Episodic memory is often assessed using language tasks. To prevent linguistic factors from confounding recall scores, memory and language should be jointly examined. We explored linguistic patterns on a story recall task among cognitively healthy adults aged 65+ (n=18) and people with amnestic MCI (n=18). Participants completed immediate and delayed (20-30min) recall on a set of novel story recall materials (6 pairs, i.e., 12 stories total). Stories were coded using a propositional coding scheme (where a proposition refers to the smallest unit of meaning), as well as a unit scoring scheme (i.e., individual words). Responses were coded as veridical (word-for-word), gist (general idea), and distortion (error). Linguistic features of the output were coded using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) program. Overall, people with MCI produced more verbs, fewer time-related words, and fewer total words than control participants. In the MCI group, delayed unit- and proposition-based veridical and gist recall scores were positively correlated with certainty and causation words, indicating that higher certainty about events and their causal links is associated with better memory. Total words were positively correlated with all immediate and delayed recall scores, indicating that amount of linguistic output is strongly linked to memory in MCI. Time-related words were positively correlated with immediate unit-based veridical recall, suggesting that, in MCI, more words denoting time signal better immediate recall of story details. Examining linguistic features of verbal output in memory tasks could improve detection of MCI.
METACOGNITION AND EMOTIONS IN OLDER AFRICAN AMERICAN ADULTS
Authors: Kero Katherine , Halter Colt M , Woodard John L , Giordani Bruno , Daugherty Ana , Kavcic Voyko 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults in the earliest stages of cognitive decline often present with subjective cognitive complaints which may not be fully reflected in objective measures of cognition. Previous research suggests that a relationship exists between negative emotions, stress and metacognition, but these relationships have not yet been examined in the context of COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of stress and emotions in perceived cognition in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telephone screenings were administered to 206 older African Americans (aged 64–94 years). Objective cognition (Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status [TICS]), subjective cognition (Cognitive Change Questionnaire [CCQ]), perceived stress scale 4 (PSS-4), and survey questions about affective responses to COVID-19 experiences were measured. Objective TICS scores predicted subjective CCQ executive function scores (F(1, 197)=4.37, p=.038, R2=.022). Discrepancy scores were calculated as the standardized residual variance between objective and subjective measures. Survey items describing emotional states were summarized with emodiversity scores following Quoidbach and colleagues’ (2014) formula. Discrepancy scores were correlated with perceived stress, as well as global and negative emodiversity (Spearman r=.294, .279, .318, p&lt;.001). In conclusion, we have shown that objective and subjective measures of cognition are related, but discrepancies exist between objectively-measured and self-perceived cognition. Increased stress and greater negative emotions are associated with greater overestimation of cognitive difficulties relative to one’s objective level of cognition. As stress and negative emotions have increased for many during the pandemic, individuals may also have depreciated their self-appraisal of cognitive abilities in the present climate.
HEALTH ACROSS BORDERS: A CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF IMMIGRANT HEALTH IN EUROPE
Authors: Sheftel Mara , Margolis Rachel , Verdery Ashton 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although older immigrants are a growing share of the total population in many countries, evidence regarding health differentials by nativity in older adulthood remains underdeveloped. We examine whether foreign-born adults 50 and older in Europe are disadvantaged in terms of multiple health domains, what drives the potential immigrant health disadvantage, and whether such differences are contextually dependent or a general feature of the immigrant experience in Europe. We use the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to estimate physical, mental, and social health of middle age and older adults by nativity in 19 countries. We examine whether nativity-based health disparities can be attributed to demographic composition, socioeconomic factors, family and social support, and life course timing of migration. Last, we examine regional differences in nativity-based health disparities. We find that immigrants aged 50 and above in Europe are more likely to report fair/poor physical health, score worse on EURO-D depression scale, and are more likely to be lonely than the native-born. Socioeconomic status and age at migration partially explain these health differences, although immigrant health disparities remain after accounting for these and other factors. We document some contextual variation within Europe. Immigrants in Eastern, Western and Northern Europe are disadvantaged compared to native-born adults in those regions, while immigrants in Southern Europe are in comparable health to their native-born peers. This article offers new insights into the ways that aging immigrant populations will reshape older adult health profiles in a diverse array of countries.
THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS AND IMPACT OF SELF-COMPASSION IN CAREGIVERS OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Grant Claire , Judge Katherine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Caregivers of people living with dementia often report greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and burden. Guided by the Stress Process Model, the study examined the impact of self-compassion on these key psychosocial well-being outcomes in a sample of dementia caregivers (N=99). Participants were 66.7% female, 67.7% White, and 74% were children/in law or grandchildren/in law, with a mean age of 38.61. Findings indicated self-compassion was a significant and unique predictor of symptoms of depression (β = -.25, p = .03), anxiety (β = -.36, p = .01), and burden (β = -.25, p = .02). Additional analyses found support for dysfunctional coping meditating the relationship between self-compassion and caregiver burden ((B = -.20, SE = .06, 95%CI[-.3242, -.0924] dysfunctional coping mediating the relationship between self-compassion and anxiety (B = -.16, SE = .05, 95%CI[-.2257, -.0302] and emotion-focused coping meditating the relationship between self-compassion and depression (B = -.06, SE = .03, 95%CI[-.1388, -.0045]. Results demonstrate the important role of self-compassion along with the impact of coping style on psychosocial well-being outcomes. Discussion will highlight the theoretical implications of these findings along with how these results can be used to develop efficacious interventions for caregivers of persons with dementia. Specifically, tailoring an intervention for dementia caregivers grounded in self-compassion theory as well as Compassion Focused Therapy and Mindful Self-Compassion Therapy may assist caregivers in developing a self-compassionate mindset and skills to more effectively cope with caregiving challenges.
DEMENTIA FAMILY CAREGIVERS EXPERIENCES USING COMMUNITY-BASED AND HEALTHCARE SERVICES DURING COVID-19
Authors: Leggett Amanda , Baker Elaina , Lee Hannah , Webber Anna , Wallace Sarah , Fang Tyson , Johnson Florence 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Family caregivers are key medical decision makers for persons living with dementia (PLwD) and play a critical role in interfacing with community-based services and the health care system. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, had dramatic impact on service utilization, with many suspended, delayed, or moved to telehealth. Emerging data suggests the pandemic posed challenges to service use for family caregivers, yet how this impacted caregiver’s care practice is unknown. An in-depth qualitative interview was conducted with 100 primary family caregivers for PLwD in 2021 on care management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Watkins’ rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique was used to analyze qualitative data through open and focused coding and identify themes specific to family caregiver’s access to and use of community-based and health care services. Themes emerged regarding challenges and benefits of service use during the pandemic. Caregivers struggled with not being allowed to attend medical appointments with the PLwD or to speak confidentially with the physician over a PLwD’s telehealth appointment. Caregivers felt physicians couldn’t always read the care situation over telehealth, but appreciated not having to leave the house. Losing the consistency of in-home caregivers or respite programs put additional strain on caregivers, but many found virtual programming engaging. Grocery delivery/pickup was a new service used by many caregivers and found to be supportive of in-home care. As the pandemic evolves, finding ways to support caregivers through continued involvement in health care visits and as they access community services is critical to caregiver and PLwD health and well-being.
WORSENING OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMATOLOGY SINCE BEFORE COVID-19 AMONG CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS LIVING WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Smith Matthew , Kew Chung Lin , Han Gang , Wilson Lucas , Lee Shinduk , Fitch John , Ory Marcia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study examines factors associated with self-reported worsening of depressive symptomatology since before the COVID-19 pandemic among caregivers of persons living with dementia (PLWD). Cross-sectional baseline survey data were analyzed from 76 paid and unpaid caregivers of PLWD participating in a larger NIH-funded study assessing the feasibility of using a novel in-situ sensor system. Using the PHQ-2, caregivers were asked to report their depressive symptomatology twice: (1) retrospectively before the COVID-19 pandemic started; and (2) since the COVID-19 pandemic. A change score was calculated, and whether or not caregivers’ depressive symptomatology worsened since before the pandemic served as the dependent variable. A logistic regression model was fitted, controlling for contextual items related to the caregiver, care recipient, and caregiving logistics. On average, caregivers were age 58.09(±16.92) and the majority was female (84.2%). Thirty percent of caregivers reported worse depressive symptomatology since the COVID-19 pandemic than before the COVID-19 pandemic started. Caregivers who were female (OR=25.86, P=0.028), not paid for caregiving (OR=14.59, P=0.047), had lower annual household incomes (OR=0.50, P=0.032), and whose care recipients had higher Mini-Mental State Exam scores (OR=1.78, P=0.005) were more likely to report worse depressive symptomatology since the COVID-19 pandemic. Results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic intensified depressive symptomatology for many caregivers, and unpaid, female caregivers with fewer financial resources have been especially impacted. As the pandemic continues, support for caregivers of PLWD should be tailored to specifically meet their needs and circumstances.
SPOUSAL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN GRANDPARENT CAREGIVING AND WELL-BEING: FINDINGS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Chan Athena Chung Yin , Sneed Rodlescia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Numerous studies document the impact of grandparent caregiving on the health and well-being of grandparents; however, there has been little dyadic research on how the caregiving and health-related outcomes of one grandparent influence partner couples The purpose of this study was to determine the interdependence of grandparents’ intensity of caregiving and well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and self-rated health) over time. Participants were 7,133 dyads of American grandparents aged ≥ 50 who participated in the Health and Retirement Study, a population-based study of community-dwelling adults, in 2010 and 2012. Data on hours of grandparent caregiving in the past two years, depressive symptoms, and self-rated health were obtained via self-report. Two longitudinal, dyadic path analyses were conducted using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Within individuals (actor effects), greater depressive symptoms and better self-rated health at baseline, predicted greater depressive symptoms and better self-rated health two years later. Between spouses (partner effects), an individuals’ greater depressive symptoms predicted the spouses’ greater depressive symptoms. However, grandfathers’ better self-rated health predicted subsequent better grandmothers’ self-rated health, but not vice versa. Further, greater depressive symptoms among grandmothers predicted lower subsequent caregiving intensity among both grandmothers and grandfathers. Additionally, better self-rated health among grandfathers predicted better self-rated health and lower subsequent self and spousal grandparenting caregiving intensity. Our findings demonstrate that depressive symptoms, self-rated health, and caregiving intensity are interrelated among grandparent couples. Interventions for improving well-being and caregiving outcomes that focus on couples may be more effective than those that focus on individuals.
SCREENING OF US VETERANS AT HIGH RISK FOR OUTCOMES FOLLOWING COVID-19 BY FRAILTY STATUS
Authors: Park Catherine , Naik Aanand , Horstman Molly , Seligman Benjamin , Orkaby Ariela , Intrator Orna , Lynch Kristine , Razjouyan Javad 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Frailty increases risk of adverse outcomes in the presence of stressors such as COVID-19 infection. We examined the association between different levels of frailty and outcomes following COVID-19 infection. This is a retrospective cohort study of US Veterans aged ≥50 years, active Veterans Health Administration (VHA) care users, and tested positive for COVID-19 between 02/15/2020 and 09/30/2021. VHA frailty index (VA-FI) was calculated from one year prior to the COVID-19 testing and divided into three groups: robust (≤0.1), prefrail (0.1-0.2), and frail (&gt;0.2). The risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, ventilator use, and in-hospital mortality were calculated using logistic regression adjusted by age, sex, body-mass-index, and race. The performance of VA-FI in predicting outcomes was compared to age or Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) using area under the curve (AUC). Of 204,426 COVID-19 positive Veterans, 32,965 were hospitalized (age: 71.4±10.4 years, BMI: 29.5±7.1 kg/m2). We observed higher odds of hospitalization (frail, adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=8.64; prefrail, aOR=2.57), ICU admission (frail, aOR=1.58; prefrail, aOR=1.32), ventilator use (frail, aOR=1.97; prefrail, aOR=1.57), and mortality (frail aOR=2.15; prefrail, aOR=1.55) in frail and prefrail compared to robust Veterans. We observed that VA-FI had higher AUC in predicting hospitalization (AUC 0.75) independent of age (0.59) and CCI (0.63). Veterans with COVID-19 who were frail and prefrail had a higher risk of hospitalization, ICU admission, ventilator use, mortality compared to robust. VA-FI may be a useful tool at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis to triage patients at risk for adverse outcomes.