bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary ontogeny of the giraffe neck
Authors: Colalillo Emily , Solounias Nikos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe giraffe juvenile has different proportions of head to neck from the adult. The head just about doubles in size from the juvenile to adult, whereas the neck increases almost 4.5× (roughly four times) in length. The T1 posterior dorsal vertebral width of the newborn is clearly wider than in the adult where it is narrow. In the okapi, the dorsal vertebral width is narrow in both juvenile and adult. The giraffe neck changes in ontogeny anisometrically. In the okapi the changes are more isometric. The giraffe juvenile vertebrae are shorter and do not have fused the cranial epiphyseal plates. That facilitates anterior elongation‐growth. The ventral tubercles are undeveloped. The juvenile T1 is wide caudally unlike the adult. This may be a similarity to a gelocid (Gelocidae) ancestor of the giraffe.
Evaluation of clinical assessments of social abilities for use in autism clinical trials by the autism biomarkers consortium for clinical trials
Authors: Faja Susan , Sabatos‐DeVito Maura , Sridhar Aksheya , Kuhn Jocelyn L. , Nikolaeva Julia I. , Sugar Catherine A. , Webb Sara Jane , Bernier Raphael A. , Sikich Linmarie , Hellemann Gerhard , Senturk Damla , Naples Adam J. , Shic Frederick , Levin April R. , Seow Helen A. , Dziura James D. , Jeste Shafali S. , Chawarska Katarzyna , Nelson Charles A. , Dawson Geraldine , McPartland James C. ,   Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials
Published: March 2023

AbstractClinical trials in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often rely on clinician rating scales and parent surveys to measure autism‐related features and social behaviors. To aid in the selection of these assessments for future clinical trials, the Autism Biomarkers Consortium for Clinical Trials (ABC‐CT) directly compared eight common instruments with respect to acquisition rates, sensitivity to group differences, equivalence across demographic sub‐groups, convergent validity, and stability over a 6‐week period. The sample included 280 children diagnosed with ASD (65 girls) and 119 neurotypical children (36 girls) aged from 6 to 11 years. Full scale IQ for ASD ranged from 60 to 150 and for neurotypical ranged from 86 to 150. Instruments measured clinician global assessment and autism‐related behaviors, social communication abilities, adaptive function, and social withdrawal behavior. For each instrument, we examined only the scales that measured social or communication functioning. Data acquisition rates were at least 97.5% at T1 and 95.7% at T2. All scales distinguished diagnostic groups. Some scales significantly differed by participant and/or family demographic characteristics. Within the ASD group, most clinical instruments exhibited weak (≥ |0.1|) to moderate (≥ |0.4|) intercorrelations. Short‐term stability was moderate (ICC: 0.5–0.75) to excellent (ICC: >0.9) within the ASD group. Variations in the degree of stability may inform viability for different contexts of use, such as identifying clinical subgroups for trials versus serving as a modifiable clinical outcome. All instruments were evaluated in terms of their advantages and potential concerns for use in clinical trials.
Der Gebäuderessourcenpass – ein Steuerungsinstrument für effektiven Ressourcenschutz im Massivbau
Authors: Propach Vanessa , Mrzigod Alexandra , Weidner Stefanie 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDer Bausektor ist weltweit der Wirtschaftszweig mit dem höchsten Ressourcenverbrauch. Anspruch an die Bauschaffenden ist es daher, die eingesetzten Materialien vollständig im Kreislauf zu halten. Die Dokumentation der in Bauwerken eingesetzten Materialien und deren Verbindungsarten bildet eine essenzielle Grundlage zur Gewährleistung einer Weiter‐ und Wiederverwendbarkeit der Materialien nach dem Rückbau bzw. dem Ende der ersten Nutzungsphase. Der Gebäuderessourcenpass ist ein Dokumentationstool zur Erfassung der detaillierten Material‐ und Konstruktionsparameter von Bauwerken. Mineralische Baustoffe nehmen dabei aufgrund ihres großen Masseanteils einen besonderen Stellenwert ein. Der Beitrag befasst sich damit, wie der Gebäuderessourcenpass als Steuerungsinstrument für mehr Ressourceneffizienz im Bauschaffen wirken kann. Der Fokus der Betrachtung liegt hierbei auf Massivbauten.
Application of gas diffusion electrodes in bioeconomy: An update
Authors: Stöckl Markus , Lange Thomas , Izadi Paniz , Bolat Sera , Teetz Niklas , Harnisch Falk , Holtmann Dirk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe transition of today's fossil fuel based chemical industry toward sustainable production requires improvement of established production processes as well as development of new sustainable and bio‐based synthesis routes within a circular economy. Thereby, the combination of electrochemical and biotechnological advantages in such routes represents one important keystone. For the electrochemical generation of reactants from gaseous substrates such as O2 or CO2, gas diffusion electrodes (GDE) represent the electrodes of choice since they overcome solubility‐based mass transport limitations. Within this article, we illustrate the architecture, function principle and fabrication of GDE. We highlight the application of GDE for conversion of CO2 using abiotic catalysts for subsequent biosynthesis as well as the application of microbial catalysts at GDE for CO2 conversion. The reduction of oxygen at GDE is summarized for the application of oxygen depolarized cathodes in microbial fuel cells and generation of H2O2 to drive enzymatic reactions. Finally, engineering aspects such as scale‐up and the modeling of GDE‐based processes are described. This review presents an update on the application of GDE in bio‐based production systems and emphasizes their large potential for sustainable development of new pathways in bioeconomy.
Systematic Investigation of Metabolic Oligosaccharide Engineering Efficiency in Intestinal Cells Using a Dibenzocyclooctyne‐Monosaccharide Conjugate
Authors: Lam Yuen Yi , Tan Angel , Nowell Cameron J. , Kempe Kristian , Boyd Ben J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) of cells with synthetic monosaccharides can introduce functionality to the glycans of cell membranes. Unnatural sugars (e. g., peracetylated mannose‐azide) can be expressed on the cell surface with the azide group in place. After MOE, the azide group can participate in a copper‐free click reaction with an alkyne (e. g., dibenzocyclooctyne, DBCO) probe. This allows the metabolic fate of monosaccharides in cells to be understood. However, in a drug delivery context it is desirable to have azide groups on the probe (e. g. a drug delivery particle) and the alkyne (e. g. DBCO) on the cell surface. Consequently, the labelling efficiency of intestinal cell lines (Caco‐2 and HT29‐MTX‐E12) treated with N‐dibenzocyclooctyne‐tetra‐acetylmannosamine, and the concentration‐ and time‐dependent labelling were determined. Furthermore, the labelling of mucus in HT29‐MTX‐E12 cells with DBCO was shown. This study highlights the potential for using MOE to target azide‐functionalised probes to intestinal tissues for drug delivery applications.
Effects of delayed hospitalization on the 3‐year clinical outcomes of patients with or without diabetes who had non‐ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction and underwent new‐generation drug‐eluting stent implantation
Authors: Kim Yong Hoon , Her Ae‐Young , Rha Seung‐Woon , Choi Cheol Ung , Choi Byoung Geol , Kim Ji Bak , Kang Dong Oh , Park Ji Young , Park Sang‐Ho , Jeong Myung Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClinical outcomes after non‐ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in patients with (symptom‐to‐door time [SDT] ≥ 24 h) or without (SDT < 24 h) delayed hospitalization among patients with or without diabetes were compared. From the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry‐National Institute of Health, a total of 4517 patients with NSTEMI who underwent new‐generation drug‐eluting stents implantation were recruited and they were classified into the diabetes mellitus (DM) and non‐DM groups. These two groups were subdivided into groups with and without delayed hospitalization. The primary clinical outcome was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, repeat coronary revascularization, and stroke. The secondary clinical outcome was the occurrence of individual components of MACCE and stent thrombosis. Although after multivariable and propensity score‐adjusted analyses in the DM group, the primary and secondary clinical outcomes between the SDT < 24 h and SDT ≥ 24 h groups were similar; in the non‐DM group, all‐cause (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively) and cardiac (p = 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively) death rates were significantly higher in the SDT ≥ 24 h group than in the SDT < 24 h group. Our results suggested that there was no significant difference in prognosis between diabetic patients with and without delayed SDT, but delayed SDT was associated with poor prognosis in nondiabetic patients.
Nodular melanoma in an African American Japanese male
Authors: Gonzalez Sarah , King Andrew D. , Moossavi Meena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNodular melanoma (NM) is the third most common subtype of melanoma among African Americans trailing behind acral lentiginous melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma. This case of NM in an African American Japanese male was selected due to the rare occurrence of NM in people of color.
Antiviral therapy defiant mixed viral retinitis post hematopoietic allogeneic stem cell transplant
Authors: Gabarin Nadia , Dadak Rohan , Roy Mili , Kaplan Alexander J. , Haider Shariq , Khalaf Dina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an uncommon presentation post allogeneic transplant and can be vision‐threatening. Our case demonstrates the occurrence of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) proven mixed viral retinitis (cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus) post allogeneic stem cell transplant despite multiple prophylactic antiviral therapies, including letermovir, and in the documented absence of CMV DNAemia. A 21‐year‐old female with acute myeloid leukemia presented with mixed viral retinitis (cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus) post allogenic transplant. This presentation occurred despite ongoing standard prophylaxis for both of these viruses, as well as following two courses of treatment for CMV viremia, with a documented negative CMV PCR in the blood prior to the presentation with retinitis. The patient was treated with intravenous ganciclovir and subsequently transitioned to oral valganciclovir with durable resolution of the retinitis. We report a rare case of mixed viral retinitis occurring despite multiple antiviral prophylaxes including letermovir and with PCR‐documented absence of preceding CMV viremia, in a post‐allogeneic stem cell transplant patient, with PCR of the aqueous fluid demonstrating two viral populations. With very little existing literature on either mixed viral retinitis or CMV retinitis during letermovir prophylaxis, this case expands the literature on both topics. CMV retinitis is an uncommon potentially vision threatening presentation post hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and can occur due to early CMV reactivation, low CD4 count, and delayed CD4 lymphocyte recovery. Letermovir has poor CNS and retinal penetration. This case highlights the need for more research on secondary prophylaxis with letermovir.
Systemic reduced‐dose alteplase for diffuse pulmonary thrombi in a COVID‐19 patient
Authors: Colkesen Yucel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPulmonary embolism has a high frequency in COVID‐19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Low level of fibrinolysis is one of the asserted contributors to a prothrombotic state in COVID‐19. Thrombotic coagulopathy is mostly encountered as diffuse pulmonary thrombi. Diffuse pulmonary microemboli was treated successfully with reduced dose thrombolysis.
Pentafluorophenol (C6F5OH) Catalyzed Pictet‐Spengler Reaction: A Facile and Metal‐Free Approach Towards Tetrahydro‐β‐Carbolines
Authors: Mahato Rina , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHerein, we have disclosed pentafluorophenol as an operative catalyst for synthesizing (spirocyclic) tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines via the Pictet‐Spengler reaction. This straightforward catalytic protocol works under mild conditions resulting indole alkaloids in excellent yield with remarkable functional group tolerance, including late‐stage modifications. This transformation demonstrates a practical and adaptable approach to produce a highly effective gram‐scale synthesis of the natural alkaloid Komavine and enables the synthesis of the commercial drug Tadalafil.
Transformation of the cyclo‐P5 Middle Deck in [(Cp*Fe)(Cp’’’Co)(μ,η5:η4‐P5)] upon Functionalization – A Comprehensive Study of Reactivity
Authors: Dinauer Sabrina B. , Piesch Martin , Szlosek Robert , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe heterobimetallic triple‐decker complex [(Cp*Fe)(Cp’’’Co)(μ,η5 : η4‐P5)] (1) was functionalized by main group nucleophiles and subsequently electrophilically quenched or oxidized. Reacting 1 with group 14 nucleophiles revealed different organo‐substituted P5R middle‐decks depending on the steric and electronic effects of the used alkali metal organyls (2: R=tBu; 3: R=Me). Further, with group 15 nucleophiles, the first structural characterized monosubstituted complexes with phosphanides could be obtained as P5 ligands containing exocyclic {PR2} units (4: R=Cy, H; 5: R=Ph). These monoanionic complexes 2–5 were isolated and subsequent electrophilic quenching revealed novel types of neutral functionalized polyphosphorus complexes. These complexes bear formal chains of P5R'R’’ (6: R’=tBu, R’=Me) in a 1,3‐disubstitution pattern or P6R'R’’R’’’ units (7: R’=Cy, R’’=H, R’’’=Me; 8: R’=Me, R’’=Ph, R’’’=Me) in a 1,1,3‐substitution as middle‐decks stabilized by one {Cp’’’Co} and one {Cp*Fe} fragment. One‐electron oxidation of 2, 3 or 5 by AgBF4 gave access to paramagnetic triple‐decker complexes bearing P5R middle‐decks in various coordination fashions (R=tBu (10), R=PPh2 (12)). Interestingly, for R=Me (11), a dimerization is observed revealing a diamagnetic tetranuclear cluster containing a unique dihydrofulvalene‐type P10R2 ligand. All complexes were characterized by crystallographic and spectroscopic methods (EPR, multinuclear NMR and mass spectrometry) and their electronic structures were elucidated by DFT calculations.
Simultaneous Hydrogen Bonds with Different Binding Modes: The Acceptor “Rules” but the Donor “Chooses”
Authors: Garcia Marianne Rica , Iribarren Iñigo , Rozas Isabel , Trujillo Cristina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Cristina Trujillo at Trinity College Dublin and the University of Manchester. The image depicts a market run by hydrogen bond acceptors in which hydrogen‐bond‐donor “customers” are choosing their preferred binding mode “vegetable”. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202203577.
Comparison of genotypic and phenotypic selection of breeding parents in a carrot (Daucus carota) germplasm collection
Authors: Corak Keo E. , Genger Rue K. , Simon Phillip W. , Dawson Julie C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, we developed and evaluated genomic prediction strategies to identify valuable breeding material in crop germplasm collections, using ongoing efforts to breed carrot varieties with tall canopies and mild flavor as a model vegetable crop and breeding goal. Genomic prediction leverages high‐density genotype data to predict phenotypes or breeding values, potentially allowing for rapid identification of useful germplasm in a genotyped collection. Two different training populations were designed to approximate different potential breeding contexts in which genomic prediction could be applied. The genomic selection models developed using these phenotyped training populations had low‐to‐moderate (0.11–0.31) ability to predict the trait values of germplasm accessions evaluated in a separate environment, depending on the trait. Selected accessions were used as parents in crosses with two different elite inbred lines to initiate new breeding populations. In the target environment, these populations were evaluated for canopy height and flavor and compared to populations developed from phenotypically selected parents. At the F2 stage, there were few differences between populations developed with genomic and phenotypic selection. While evaluation of future generations is required, these results suggest that genomic selection may allow for the identification of valuable germplasm accessions without the need for extensive field evaluation of potential parents.
Fusing Thiadiazole and Terephthalate: A Concept to Promote the Electrochemical Performance of Conjugated Dicarboxylates
Authors: Jouhara Alia , Rzesny Luisa , Rialland Valentin , Latouche Camille , Poizot Philippe , Esser Birgit 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOrganic electrode materials based on conjugated dicarboxylate moieties are particularly attractive to develop metal‐ion organic batteries. Exhibiting good stability properties in liquid electrolytes, such organic electrode materials can reversibly store alkali metal ions (Li, Na or K) at low working potential. Although many molecular designs have been investigated in the last decade, conjugated dicarboxylates are impeded by low coulombic efficiencies, especially at the first cycle, and sluggish kinetics in most cases. Herein, a new strategy in the design of conjugated carboxylates by fusing a thiadiazole heterocycle to the terephthalate core is reported. The synthesis and electrochemical performance of dilithium‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole‐4,7‐dicarboxylate (Li2‐DCBTZ) as positive electrode material is investigated for the first time. Next to being a new structural design, the presence of the thiadiazole ring enables (i) a better conjugation of π‐n electrons leading to a benefit in terms of rate capability, and (ii) a better stabilizing coordination network for Li ions through both oxygen and nitrogen atoms. In addition, the reduced state in Li4‐DCBTZ is stabilized due to a maintained aromaticity in the heteroaromatic core in comparison to the parent terephthalate. Theoretical calculations on the Li‐ion storage mechanism and bonding character support the experimental work.
Design and performance comparisons of power converters for battery energy storage systems
Authors: Xavier Lucas S. , De Sousa Clodualdo V. , Pereira Heverton A. , Mendes Victor F. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe use of grid‐connected battery energy storage systems (BESSs) has increased around the world. In the scenario of high penetration level of renewable energy sources in distributed generation, BESS plays an important role to combine a sustainable power supply with a reliable dispatched energy source. Different power converter topologies are employed to connect the batteries to the grid, generally using single‐stage converters. However, the battery voltage changes according to its state of charge, which can introduce great variations in the dc‐link voltage. Therefore, the dc/ac stage converter must have its power switches designed to support this voltage variation. A controllable dc‐link voltage is achieved by inserting a dc/dc converter stage to connect the batteries to the dc/ac stage. Among the dc/dc converters, the interleaved bidirectional converter has been widely used due to the low input current ripple. However, the trade‐off of the insertion of the dc/dc stage is barely explored in the literature. Therefore, this work presents a methodology of analysis, considering the battery voltage variation and its influence on BESS power conversion system design and efficiency. Furthermore, it is proposed a power conversion system design oriented toward the voltage class of power switches and efficiency. The analysis in this study are conducted through the use of a case study approach, incorporating both simulated and experimental results.
A practitioner's guide to geospatial analysis in a neuroimaging context
Authors: Wisch Julie K. , Babulal Ganesh M , Petersen Kalen , Millar Peter R. , Shacham Enbal , Scroggins Stephen , Boerwinkle Anna H. , Flores Shaney , Keefe Sarah , Gordon Brian A. , Morris John C. , Ances Beau M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionHealth disparities arise from biological‐environmental interactions. Neuroimaging cohorts are reaching sufficiently large sample sizes such that analyses could evaluate how the environment affects the brain. We present a practical guide for applying geospatial methods to a neuroimaging cohort.MethodsWe estimated brain age gap (BAG) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 239 city‐dwelling participants in St. Louis, Missouri. We compared these participants to population‐level estimates from the American Community Survey (ACS). We used geospatial analysis to identify neighborhoods associated with patterns of altered brain structure. We also evaluated the relationship between Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and BAG.ResultsWe identify areas in St. Louis, Missouri that were significantly associated with higher BAG from a spatially representative cohort. We provide replication code.ConclusionWe observe a relationship between neighborhoods and brain health, which suggests that neighborhood‐based interventions could be appropriate. We encourage other studies to geocode participant information to evaluate biological‐environmental interaction.
Factors affecting spatiotemporal patterns of nest site selection and abundance in diamondback terrapins
Authors: Levasseur Patricia , Prescott Robert , Faherty Mark , Sutherland Chris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDetermining what factors influence the distribution and abundance of wildlife populations is crucial for implementing effective conservation and management actions. Yet, for species with dynamic seasonal, sex‐, and age‐specific spatial ecology, like the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin; DBT), doing so can be challenging. Moreover, environmental factors that influence the distribution and abundance of DBT in their northernmost range have not been quantitatively characterized. We investigated proximity to nesting habitat as one potential driver of spatiotemporal variation in abundance in a three‐step analytical approach. First, we used a scale selection resource selection function (RSF) approach based on landcover data from the National Landcover Database (NLCD) to identify the scale at which DBT are selecting for (or avoiding) landcover types to nest. Next, we used RSF to predict areas of suitable nesting habitat and created an index of nest suitability (NSI). Finally, analyzing visual count data using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), we investigate spatiotemporal drivers of relative abundance, with a specific focus on whether similar factors affect offshore abundance and onshore nest site selection. We found the scale of selection for developed and saltmarsh land use classes to be 550 and 600 m and open water land use classes to be 100. Selection was positive for nesting areas proximal to saltmarsh habitat and negative for developed and open water. Expected relative abundance was best explained by the interaction between NSI and day of season, where expected relative abundance was greater within high NSI areas during the nesting season (2.20 individuals, CI: 1.19–3.93) compared to areas of low NSI (1.84 individuals, CI: 1.10–3.10). Our results provide evidence that inferred spatial patterns of suitable nesting habitats explain spatiotemporal patterns of terrapin movement and abundance.