bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monodispersed Sub‐1 nm Inorganic Cluster Chains in Polymers for Solid Electrolytes with Enhanced Li‐Ion Transport
Authors: Cheng Yu , Liu Xiaowei , Guo Yaqing , Dong Guangyao , Hu Xinkuan , Zhang Hong , Xiao Xidan , Liu Qin , Xu Lin , Mai Liqiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe organic–inorganic interfaces can enhance Li+ transport in composite solid‐state electrolytes (CSEs) due to the strong interface interactions. However, Li+ non‐conductive areas in CSEs with inert fillers will hinder the construction of efficient Li+ transport channels. Herein, CSEs with fully active Li+ conductive networks are proposed to improve Li+ transport by composing sub‐1 nm inorganic cluster chains and organic polymer chains. The inorganic cluster chains are monodispersed in polymer matrix by a brief mixed‐solvent strategy, their sub‐1 nm diameter and ultrafine dispersion state eliminate Li+ non‐conductive areas in the interior of inert fillers and filler‐agglomeration, respectively, providing rich surface areas for interface interactions. Therefore, the 3D networks connected by the monodispersed cluster chains finally construct homogeneous, large‐scale, continuous Li+ fast transport channels. Furthermore, a conjecture about 1D oriented distribution of organic polymer chains along the inorganic cluster chains is proposed to optimize Li+ pathways. Consequently, the as‐obtained CSEs possess high ionic conductivity at room temperature (0.52 mS cm−1), high Li+ transference number (0.62), and more mobile Li+ (50.7%). The assembled LiFePO4/Li cell delivers excellent stability of 1000 cycles at 0.5 C and 700 cycles at 1 C. This research provides a new strategy for enhancing Li+ transport by efficient interfaces.
Universal Polarization Transformations: Spatial Programming of Polarization Scattering Matrices Using a Deep Learning‐Designed Diffractive Polarization Transformer
Authors: Li Yuhang , Li Jingxi , Zhao Yifan , Gan Tianyi , Hu Jingtian , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractControlled synthesis of optical fields having nonuniform polarization distributions presents a challenging task. Here, a universal polarization transformer is demonstrated that can synthesize a large set of arbitrarily‐selected, complex‐valued polarization scattering matrices between the polarization states at different positions within its input and output field‐of‐views (FOVs). This framework comprises 2D arrays of linear polarizers positioned between isotropic diffractive layers, each containing tens of thousands of diffractive features with optimizable transmission coefficients. After its deep learning‐based training, this diffractive polarization transformer can successfully implement NiNo = 10 000 different spatially‐encoded polarization scattering matrices with negligible error, where Ni and No represent the number of pixels in the input and output FOVs, respectively. This universal polarization transformation framework is experimentally validated in the terahertz spectrum by fabricating wire‐grid polarizers and integrating them with 3D‐printed diffractive layers to form a physical polarization transformer. Through this set‐up, an all‐optical polarization permutation operation of spatially‐varying polarization fields is demonstrated, and distinct spatially‐encoded polarization scattering matrices are simultaneously implemented between the input and output FOVs of a compact diffractive processor. This framework opens up new avenues for developing novel devices for universal polarization control and may find applications in, e.g., remote sensing, medical imaging, security, material inspection, and machine vision.
Buried‐Interface Engineering Enables Efficient and 1960‐Hour ISOS‐L‐2I Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Lin , Wei Mingyang , Carnevali Virginia , Zeng Haipeng , Zeng Miaomiao , Liu Ranran , Lempesis Nikolaos , Eickemeyer Felix Thomas , Luo Long , Agosta Lorenzo , Dankl Mathias , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Roethlisberger Ursula , Grätzel Michael , Rong Yaoguang , Li Xiong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) typically require interfacial passivation, yet this is challenging for the buried interface, owing to the dissolution of passivation agents during the deposition of perovskites. Here, this limitation is overcome with in situ buried‐interface passivation—achieved via directly adding a cyanoacrylic‐acid‐based molecular additive, namely BT‐T, into the perovskite precursor solution. Classical and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that BT‐T spontaneously may self‐assemble at the buried interface during the formation of the perovskite layer on a nickel oxide hole‐transporting layer. The preferential buried‐interface passivation results in facilitated hole transfer and suppressed charge recombination. In addition, residual BT‐T molecules in the perovskite layer enhance its stability and homogeneity. A power‐conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.48% for 1.0 cm2 inverted‐structure PSCs is reported. The encapsulated PSC retains 95.4% of its initial PCE following 1960 h maximum‐power‐point tracking under continuous light illumination at 65 °C (i.e., ISOS‐L‐2I protocol). The demonstration of operating‐stable PSCs under accelerated ageing conditions represents a step closer to the commercialization of this emerging technology.
Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence with A High Dissymmetry Factor in Chiral Helical Superstructures
Authors: Liu Jiao , Song Zhen‐Peng , Wei Juan , Wu Jun‐Jie , Wang Meng‐Zhu , Li Jian‐Gang , Ma Yun , Li Bing‐Xiang , Lu Yan‐Qing , Zhao Qiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLong‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of organic materials holds a significant potential for optical information. Circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) with extremely high dissymmetry factor (glum) values is even highly demanded and considerably challenging. Here, an effective strategy is introduced to realize CP‐OURTP with an emission decay time of 735 ms and a glum value up to 1.49, which exceeds two orders of magnitude larger than previous records, through a system composed of RTP polymers and chiral helical superstructures. The system exhibits excellent stability under multiple cycles of photoirradiation and thermal treatment, and is further employed for information encryption based on optical multiplexing. The results are anticipated to lay the foundation for the development of CP‐OURTP materials in advanced photonic applications.
Low‐Cost and High‐Speed Fabrication of Camouflage‐Enabling Microfluidic Devices using Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene
Authors: Sun Xiaoruo , Asad Asad , Ali Mehnab , Morita Luka , Dolez Patricia I. , Hogan James D. , Sameoto Dan 
Published: August 2023

This study demonstrates a multi‐spectrum camouflage control via microfluidic methods within a thermally and visibly semi‐transparent polymer (polyethylene). Microfluidic devices have a high potential for achieving multiband camouflage including both visible and infrared (IR) spectrums because they can manipulate fluids that may be dyed, transparent, or opaque to different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. However, most traditional polymers used for microfluidics are not very transparent in the thermal IR region (≈8–14 um wavelengths), which limits their effectiveness in this spectrum. It develops a high‐speed, low‐cost robust process to fabricate microfluidic devices entirely made from polyethylene using xurography and thermocompression molding techniques. Moreover, a novel method that thermally bond macro‐scale polyethylene tubing to micro‐scale channels is developed. The simplicity and flexibility of the method allow the fabrication of devices with different channel heights, widths, and patterns. Upon filling the microfluidic devices with dyed liquids and testing them with different backgrounds, the devices show fast and high visible camouflage capabilities. Moreover, the thermal IR appearance of microfluidic systems can be altered without changing temperature by incorporating a metalized surface which can be covered by an IR opaque liquid to alter the apparent temperature when reflecting IR sources.
Coconcentration/Colocation Effects of Quasi Fabry–Pérot Cavity Structure with Anti‐Interference Feature on Light and Analytes: Accurate Raman Detection of Hg2+ under Diverse Real Environments
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Yu , Li Wen‐Kao , Zhou Zhen‐Ru , Lei Feng‐Cai , Su Shuai , Zhao Xiao‐Fei , Li Zhen , Zhang Chao , Yu Jing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA quasi Fabry–Pérot (F–P) cavity structure of zinc oxide/sliver nanowires coated with zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8) is designed to precisely guide target analytes into the hotspot zones while hindering the entry of various potential interferents during Raman detection. Owing to the triple synergistic effect of the ZIF‐8 dielectric F–P cavity, ZIF‐8 microsponge, and backward light scattering caused by the ZnO/Ag NW tip, the structure of ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8 is verified to have unique coconcentration and colocation effects on light and analytes. The molecular sieving effect of the ZIF‐8 layer and the selectivity of the premodified reporter probe on ZnO/Ag NWs endow the ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8 with an important anti‐interference feature for diverse interferents in practical Raman detection of heavy‐metal ions. The analytical enhancement factor of ZnO/Ag NWs/ZIF‐8 is as high as 3.97 × 106, with a limit of detection for Hg2+ reaching 10−10 M; and the relative standard deviation is only 6.03%. The structure directly and successfully attains accurate Raman detection of diverse real samples containing Hg2+, without an additional pre‐extraction process. This research provides a novel way of improving Raman detection reliability under real scenarios and is a new attempt to precisely manipulate light and analytes by controlling the dielectric.
Cation Migration in Physically Paired 2D and 3D Lead Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Mathew Prrethi S. , Kamat Prashant V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract2D/3D interfaces provide long‐term stability for the operation of metal halide perovskite solar cells. However, the cation migration under heat and light can disturb the interface and create a graded cation interface. This study has now probed the cation migration by physically pairing X2PbI4 (X = butylammonium BA, oleylammonium OA, or phenethylammonium PEA) 2D film and (CH3NH3, MA)PbI3 3D film at different temperatures and recording changes in the absorption and emission spectra. The migration of the methyl ammonium cation toward the 2D film slowly transforms the n = 1 layered phase into n = 2 and 3 layered phases. The 3D film, on the other hand, exhibits relatively small changes, as the inclusion of spacer cation has little effect on its phase. The apparent activation energy determined from the temperature‐dependent cation migration kinetics (Ea = 29– 50 kJ mol−1) indicates alkyl ammonium cations such as butyl ammonium migrate more readily into the 3D layer than aromatic cations such as PEA. The ease of migration of spacer cations between physically paired films suggests that the varied composition at the interface should be considered while evaluating the effectiveness of the 2D/3D design strategy for improving the performance of perovskite solar cells.
Intelligent Optical Fiber‐Integrated Near‐Infrared Polarimeter Based on Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Shen Chao‐fan , Pan Tuqiang , Wei Yinghao , Zhu Sheng‐ke , Xu Yi , Li Ai‐Hua , Chen Huanyang , Chen Jin‐hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe near‐infrared (NIR) light polarization metrology is crucial in a broad area of applications, such as optical sensing, imaging, and communications. The conventional measurement of NIR light polarization requires bulky polarization optics by the spatial or temporal splitting of the input light beam with expensive infrared detectors. Here, an intelligent fiber‐integrated NIR polarimeter based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is demonstrated. Er‐doped UCNPs are synthesized in core–shell structures for bright upconversion luminescence (UCL), and the tapered multimode fiber (MMF) is designed for random Rayleigh‐distributed speckles. It is demonstrated for the first time that spectra‐polarization‐dependent upconverted speckle patterns captured by a cost‐effective visible image sensor can be accurately decoded via a deep neural network (ResNet50). The experimental results show that ResNet50 has a recognition accuracy of over 99.5% for the full‐Stokes parameters of NIR light polarization, along with 100% accuracy for the light wavelength ranging from 1535 nm to 1565 nm. The developed intelligent optical sensors provide a new design paradigm for fiber‐integrated multi‐dimensional NIR light field detection and can be applied in fiber‐optic sensors and communications networks.
Achieving Ultra‐Broadband Near‐Infrared Emission in Cr3+‐Activated Cs2NaScCl6 Perovskite for Efficient Phosphor‐Converted Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Zhaoyu , Chen Yameng , Ke Jianxi , Wei Youchao , Liu Yongsheng , Hong Maochun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUltra‐broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) have great application prospects in research and industrial fields. However, simultaneously achieving highly efficient and ultra‐broad NIR emission in phosphor material remains a challenge. Herein, an ultra‐broadband NIR emission in the range of 800–1200 nm with ultra‐high emission efficiency of up to 64.2% is first achieved by substituting the Sc3+ site in Cs2NaScCl6 perovskite single‐crystal with a Cr3+ ion. By combining the experimental results with first‐principles calculations, an efficient charge transfer sensitization process from host to Cr3+ is found to be the fundamental reason for the ultra‐high NIR emission efficiency. Benefiting from the excellent efficiency and superior chemical resistance to heat and UV radiation, an ultra‐broadband NIR pc‐LED made of this phosphor demonstrates great potential in biomedical imaging, nondestructive testing, and night‐vision devices.
Ultra‐Broadband Moiré‐PB Doublet Lens for Multifunctional Microscopy
Authors: Ye Xianglin , Xue Kuangdi , Zhou Yingjie , Zeng Tibin , Wen Shuangchun , Fan Fan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLiquid crystal superstructures or metasurfaces based on Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase have made remarkable progress in all‐optical image processing due to the advantages of miniaturization, integration, and multi‐dimensional light field modulation. However, conventional static PB phase devices are usually not tunable and with a single function. Here, based on the tunability of the moiré effect, the wavelength‐independent effect of the PB phase, and the principle of retardation compensation, an ultra‐broadband multifunction moiré‐PB doublet lens is designed, which can realize optical edge imaging with a tunable resolution ranging from 13.2 to 57.2 µm and ultra‐broadband conventional and polarimetric imaging to meet the requirement of multiple functionalities and system integration. In addition, edge feature extraction or edge imaging of low‐contrast biological samples is also realized. Benefiting from the characteristics of miniaturization, switchable multiple imaging functions, and real‐time parallel processing, this method may expand the practicability of modern optical image processing, microscopic imaging, and biomedicine.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Direct ortho Alkylation of Carbazoles with Nitroalkenes
Authors: Zhang Liming , Zhao Ru , Liu Chunhui , Li Zhaoyang , Niu Jun‐Long , Yang Hao‐Ran , Gao Lijun , Liu Shuang‐Liang , Zhou Liming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe Rh(III)‐catalyzed ortho alkylation of N‐pyridylcarbazoles with nitroalkenes has been developed, furnishing a wide range of 2‐(2‐nitroalkyl)carbazoles. Both aromatic and aliphatic nitroalkenes participated in this alkylation reaction successfully. This protocol also proceeded well with an indoline based substrate. Derivatization of the representative nitroalkane product was described.
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics Technology Facilitates Cancer Research
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhi Yuan , Zi Moxin , Mo Yongzhen , Wang Yumin , Liao Qianjin , Zhang Shanshan , Gong Zhaojian , Wang Fuyan , Zeng Zhaoyang , Guo Can , Xiong Wei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSingle cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) provides a great convenience for studying tumor occurrence and development for its ability to study gene expression at the individual cell level. However, patient‐derived tumor tissues are composed of multiple types of cells including tumor cells and adjacent non‐malignant cells such as stromal cells and immune cells. The spatial locations of various cells in situ tissues plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of tumors, which cannot be elucidated by scRNA‐seq alone. Spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technology emerges timely to explore the unrecognized relationship between the spatial background of a particular cell and its functions, and is increasingly used in cancer research. This review provides a systematic overview of the SRT technologies that are developed, in particular the more widely used cutting‐edge SRT technologies based on next‐generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, the main achievements by SRT technologies in precisely unveiling the underappreciated spatial locations on gene expression and cell function with unprecedented high‐resolution in cancer research are emphasized, with the aim of developing more effective clinical therapeutics oriented to a deeper understanding of the interaction between tumor cells and surrounding non‐malignant cells.
Narrowband Pure Near‐Infrared (NIR) Ir(III) Complexes for Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) with External Quantum Efficiency Over 16 %
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Xu Shipan , Zhang Yan , Zhu Chengyun , Cui Linsong , Zhou Guijiang , Chen Zhao , Sun Yuanhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHighly efficient near‐infrared (NIR) emitters have significant applications in medical and optoelectronic fields, but the development stays a great challenge due to the energy gap law. Here, we report two NIR phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes which display emission peaks around 730 nm with a narrow full width at half maximum of only 43 nm. Therefore, pure NIR luminescence can be obtained without having a very long emission wavelength, thus alleviating the restriction of the energy gap law, and obtaining impressively high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 0.70. More importantly, the pure NIR organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) fabricated by the solution‐processed mothed shows outstanding device performance with the highest external quantum efficiency of 16.43 %, which sets a new record for solution‐processed NIR‐OLEDs based on different emitters. This work sheds light on the development of Ir(III) complexes with narrowband emissions as highly efficient pure NIR‐emitters.
Flexible, Miniaturized Sensing Probes Inspired by Biofuel Cells for Monitoring Synaptically Released Glutamate in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Nithianandam Prasad , Liu Tzu‐Li , Chen Shulin , Jia Yizhen , Dong Yan , Saul Morgan , Tedeschi Andrea , Sun Wenjing , Li Jinghua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChemical biomarkers in the central nervous system can provide valuable quantitative measures to gain insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological diseases. Glutamate, one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters in the brain, has been found to be upregulated in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraines. However, quantitatively monitoring glutamate release in situ has been challenging. This work presents a novel class of flexible, miniaturized probes inspired by biofuel cells for monitoring synaptically released glutamate in the nervous system. The resulting sensors, with dimensions as low as 50 by 50 μm, can detect real‐time changes in glutamate within the biologically relevant concentration range. Experiments exploiting the hippocampal circuit in mice models demonstrate the capability of the sensors in monitoring glutamate release via electrical stimulation using acute brain slices. These advances could aid in basic neuroscience studies and translational engineering, as the sensors provide a diagnostic tool for neurological disorders. Additionally, adapting the biofuel cell design to other neurotransmitters can potentially enable the detailed study of the effect of neurotransmitter dysregulation on neuronal cell signaling pathways and revolutionize neuroscience.
Regulating Relative Nitrogen Locations of Diazine Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Overall H2O2 Photosynthesis
Authors: Liao Qiaobo , Sun Qiannan , Xu Haocheng , Wang Yandong , Xu Yang , Li Ziyu , Hu Jinwu , Wang Ding , Li Huijun , Xi Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitrogen‐heterocycle‐based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are considered promising candidates for the overall photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, the effects of the relative nitrogen locations remain obscured and photocatalytic performances of COFs need to be further improved. Herein, a collection of COFs functionalized by various diazines including pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine have been judiciously designed and synthesized for photogeneration of H2O2 without sacrificial agents. Compared with pyrimidine and pyrazine, pyridazine embedded in TpDz tends to stabilize endoperoxide intermediate species, leading toward the more efficient direct 2e‐ oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pathway. Benefiting from the effective electron‐hole separation, low charge transfer resistance, and high‐efficiency ORR pathway, an excellent production rate of 7327 μmol g−1 h−1 and a solar‐to‐chemical conversion (SCC) value of 0.62 % has been achieved by TpDz, which ranks one of the best COF‐based photocatalysts. This work might shed fresh light on the rational design of functional COFs targeting photocatalysts in H2O2 production.
Catalytic ipso‐Nitration of Organosilanes Enabled by Electrophilic N‐Nitrosaccharin Reagent
Authors: Mosiagin Ivan , Fernandes Anthony J. , Budinská Alena , Hayriyan Liana , Ylijoki Kai E. O. , Katayev Dmitry 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNitroaromatic compounds represent one of the essential classes of molecules that are widely used as feedstock for the synthesis of intermediates, the preparation of nitro‐derived pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials on both laboratory and industrial scales. We herein disclose the efficient, mild, and catalytic ipso‐nitration of organotrimethylsilanes, enabled by an electrophilic N‐nitrosaccharin reagent and allows chemoselective nitration under mild reaction conditions, while exhibiting remarkable substrate generality and functional group compatibility. Additionally, the reaction conditions proved to be orthogonal to other common functionalities, allowing programming of molecular complexity via successive transformations or late‐stage nitration. Detailed mechanistic investigation by experimental and computational approaches strongly supported a classical electrophilic aromatic substitution (SEAr) mechanism, which was found to proceed through a highly ordered transition state.