bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ઔધોગિક ક્રાંતિ ૪.0 તરફની એક નવી દિશા: ભારતીય ગીગ અર્થતંત્ર
Authors: સરૈયા રૂપલ 
Published: January 2023

ડિજિટલાઇઝેશન એ એક ખૂબ વ્યાપક વિષય છે, જે સમાજના દરેક પાસાઓને અસર કરે છે. સ્માર્ટફોન ટેક્નોલોજીના આગમન સાથે ઝડપથી ગતિવાળી દુનિયામાં લોકો કેવી રીતે જીવે છે અને કામ કેવી રીતે કરે છે, તે પરંપરાગત કામની પદ્ધતિથી સંપૂર્ણપણે બદલાઈ ગયું છે. ભારત એક મજૂર સરપ્લસ દેશ છે. જ્યાં માંગ કરતાં કર્મચારીઓનો પુરવઠો ઘણો વધારે છે. વર્તમાન સમયને ધ્યાનમાં રાખતા જોઈએ તો, સરકાર દ્વારા ડિજિટલ ઈન્ડિયા, મેક ઇન ઈન્ડિયા, સ્કિલ ઈન્ડિયા, ભારતનેટ, સ્ટાર્ટ-અપ-ઈન્ડિયા, સ્ટેન્ડ-અપ-ઈન્ડિયા જેવી અઢળક યોજનાઓ બહાર પાડવામાં આવી છે. આ યોજનાઓ સફળ થવા માટે જરૂરી સ્ત્રોતો ઉપલબ્ધ છે કે નહીં તે જાણવું ખરું રહ્યું! 2020માં ટ્રાઇ દ્વારા કરવામાં આવેલ 'ભારતીય ટેલિકોમ સર્વિસિસ પર્ફોર્મન્સ ઈન્ડિકેટર્સ' સર્વે રિપોર્ટ મુજબ ભારતમાં શહેરી વિસ્તારમાં બ્રોડબેન્ડ સબસ્ક્રાયબર્સનું પ્રમાણ 93% છે, અને ગ્રામીણ વિસ્તારમાં 29.83% સબસ્ક્રાયબર્સનું પ્રમાણ નોધવામાં આવ્યું (Sharma). અલબત્ત, દેશની ગ્રામીણ વસ્તી પાસે જીવન જરૂરિયાતોને પહોચી વળવાના સ્ત્રોતો પણ ઉપલબ્ધ નથી, ત્યારે ઇન્ટરનેટની સુવિધાઑનો ઓછાપો સ્વાભાવિક રીતે સમજી શકાય, જેના મુખ્ય કારણોમાં શિક્ષણનો નીચો દર જેથી ઇન્ટરનેટ સેવાનો યોગ્ય ઉપયોગ કઈ રીતે કરવો. ઇન્ટરનેટ નેટવર્કની અનુઉપલબ્ધિ, ઇન્ટરનેટની સુવિધાના ઊચા દરને વગેરેને પણ ગણાવી શકાય.
ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN INDIA
Authors: Chavda Dharmendra , Mistry Dharmendra , Deshpande Satyajeet 
Published: January 2023

Banking sector promotes balanced regional development in the country by making necessary financial structure and funds available for the backward areas. It also promotes primary sector by providing timely credit to agricultural farmers. It also enhances standard of living of the people by providing loans to customers for purchase of houses, consumer goods, electronic goods etc. Hence, it has become necessary to study the performance of the Banks in India because if the performance of the banks is positive, it can result into positive growth in economy. Thus, the present study has been undertaken with an objective to study financial performance of the Public as well as Private Sector Banks in India. The objective of the study is to analyze the performance of Public and Private Sector Banks in India for the duration of 5 years i.e. 2015-16 to 2019-20. It can be concluded from the study that there has been significant difference in performance of the selected public and private sector banks in India during the study period. For the purpose of the study 6 variables have been selected and it can be concluded that the selected public and private sector banks differed from one another in case of all the variables. Hence, it can be said that despite the difference in various variables of the selected public and private sector banks have had been almost same during the study period.
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN SABARMATI RIVER: A CASE STUDY BEFORE AND DURING THE LOCKDOWN
Authors: Talsania Prachi , Mankad Archana 
Published: January 2023

Sabarmati is one of the largest rivers in Gujarat and passes through cities like Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad. The municipal pollutants in the river comprise untreated domestic and sewage wastes. In contrast, industrial pollutants constitute the discharge of heavy metals into the river, responsible for increasing metal load in the water. Increasing heavy metal concentration in the water can cause severe problems. In this work, Cu, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, Pb, and Cd heavy metals were analyzed from the five selected sites for two years, 2020 and 2021, in Two seasons pre and post-monsoon. In 2020, there was a lockdown situation because of Covid-19, so all industrial the activities were shut down. Therefore pollution levels were decreased, and the environment was clean. Our study indicates that in the pre-monsoon season in 2020, Iron metal was highest, and in post-monsoon, Chromium was the highest. In the Post-monsoon season 2020, Iron metal was the highest, and Lead was the highest in the post-monsoon season. Because of the covid-19 lockdown, the result of post-monsoon 2020 shows the low concentration of heavy metals.
AKULTURASI BUDAYA JAWA SUNDA PADA MASYARAKAT KUTASARI, KABUPATEN CILACAP, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Sholikhah Amirotun , Widodo Ageng 
Published: January 2023

Keberadaan dua suku bangsa dengan latar belakang budaya berbeda dan bermukim dalam satu wilayah dapat menimbulkan terjadinya proses sosial berkenaan dengan akulutarsi budaya yaitu adanya perpaduan berbagai unsur kebudayaan yang berbeda dan memembentuk kebudayaan baru tanpa menghilangkan ciri khas budaya masing-masing. Adanya usaha penyesuaian diri dengan menerima pola-pola dan aturan-aturan komunikasi dominan yang yang ada pada masyarakat pribumi. Sekelompok masyarakat Suku Sunda sejak ratusan lalu yang tinggal atau menetap di wilayah sebuah dusun berlatar belakang suku Jawa. Hal tersebut memungkinkan terjadinya proses akulturasi budaya, dimana suku Sunda menyesuaikan diri dan menerima pola-pola dan aturan-aturan komunikasi dominan yang ada pada suku Jawa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Dusun Grugak, Desa Kutasari RW 014 Kecamatan Cipari Kabupaten Cilacap Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat Dusun Grugak yang berasal dari suku Jawa sebagai pribumi dan Suku Sunda sebagai pendatang. Bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang proses akulturasi adat, tradisi, bahasa, kepercayaan masyarakat saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan datanya adalah dengan observasi,wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis datanya adalah deskriptif kualitatif.
Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa unsur-unsur kebudayaan Jawa seperti adat /tradisi dan kesenian masih berjalan hingga saat ini di Dusun Grugak, Menggambarkan adanya upaya mempertahankan identitas kesukuan masing masing. Sehingga proses akulturasi tidak menyentuh semua unsur. Kecuali bahasa, dimana Bahasa Sunda lebih dominan menjadi bahasa komunikasi sehari-hari menggusur bahasa pribumi Jawa. Berkat peran aktif para pemuka agamanya sehingga dari unsur sistem kepecayaan faham kejawen mulai berkurang Terjadinyan Pergeseran nilai budaya mulai terjadi antara lain karena faktor kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi sehingga mempengaruhi perubahan pola pikir masyarakat Dusun Grugak lebih bersifat praktis dan eknomis terutama generasi mudanya.
SOSIALISASI ANTI KORUPSI BAGI SANTRI DI PESANTREN ISHLAHIYAH ABU LAMBHUK
Authors: Iqbal Iqbal , Wiratmadinata Wiratmadinata , Nasution Anhar , Saputra Jummaidi , Iqbal Muhammad 
Published: January 2023

Abstrak
KPK dalam melakukan pemberantasan dan pencegahan korupsi berbagai upaya dilakukan, terlihat telah banyak perubahan, Namun peran masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencapai Negara yang bersih dari korupsi. Tentunya usaha ini membutuhkan waktu yang tidak singkat. Makanya kita membutuhkan pencegahan dari dini, agar korupsi di negara kita tidak menjadi wabah yang terus menular ke anak cucu kita. Partisipasi dan dukungan masyarakat dalam pencegahan korupsi sangat dibutuhkan, termasuk para pelajar. Para pelaku korupsi akan dikenakan denda, pidana penjara, bakan pidana mati. perlunya memberikan pemahaman kesadaran perilaku anti korupsi kepada para santri. Kesadaran anti korupsi perlu ditanamkan kepada setiap santri untuk mencegah praktik tindak korupsi.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA KRUENG TUNONG ACEH JAYA MELALUI USAHA KERUPUK UDANG BERBASIS KOMODITAS LOKAL
Authors: Ismail Sanusi , Saputra Wendi , Baisan Putra , Faturrohman Galih , Vanyza  , Kartika Bintang , Padliyah S Musytiratul , Ananda Suci Mulia , Kiram Syaiful , Jauzi Nesha Alifia , Riayatsyah Elsyaddad , Abrar Khairul 
Published: January 2023

Amal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu rumah tangga Desa Krueng Tunong dalam produksi dan pengelolaan kerupuk udang. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah ibu rumah tangga Desa Krueng Tunong kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan untuk mengolah hasil tambak berupa udang dan memanfaatkannya menjadi produk yang bernilai ekonomis. Tujuan dari program ini adalah membuat unit usaha untuk mengembangkan produk pangan berupa kerupuk berbahan dasar udang. Secara khusus merupakan program yang mengajarkan ibu-ibu rumah tangga di Desa Krueng Tunong cara membuat kerupuk udang. Pelatihan ini dimulai dari pengolahan, pengemasan dan pemasaran. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan adalah metode demonstrasi, diskusi dan pelatihan/konsultasi. Kegiatan tersebut melibatkan seluruh anggota Kuliah Kerja Nyata Melayu Serumpun III dari berbagai Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri se-Sumatera yang bertempat di Desa Krueng Tunong didampingi aparatur desa dan dikunjungi ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang ada di Desa Krueng Tunong. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah sekelompok ibu rumah tangga dari desa Krueng Tunong yang memiliki keterampilan membuat kerupuk udang dan menjalankan usaha. Dari diskusi-diskusi yang diadakan terlihat bahwa para peserta mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pengolahan dan pemanfaatan udang serta bersedia memanfaatkan peluang yang ada untuk meningkatkan pendapatan mereka. Sekitar 90% peserta aktif memberikan komentar positif tentang keterampilan dan pengetahuan yang diberikan oleh mahasiswa yang mengikuti Kuliah Kerja Nyata.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE PARA A PREVENÇÃO DO CÂNCER DO COLO UTERINO
Authors: Miguel dos Santos Beatriz , Paulina Luiz da Silva Daniele , Barbosa Guenodi Evellyn , Nascimento dos Reis Esteves Leticia , Gonçalves Teixeira Francis Wallace , Motta Moreira de Souza Érica , Alves Ribeiro Wanderson 
Published: January 2023

Introdução: De acordo com o Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), o câncer de colo uterino (CCU) conhecido também como câncer cervical, é caracterizado por corresponder cerca de 20% de todos os tipos de câncer em mulheres e o terceiro de maior acometimento, sendo um problema de saúde pública em países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: identificar quais as principais estratégias utilizadas pelos profissionais da saúde para prevenção do CCU. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada através da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE e Google Acadêmico. Com recorte temporal de 2018 a 2022. Análise de dados e discussão de resultados: O CCU é uma doença persistente desenvolvida em sua maioria pelo Papiloma Vírus Humano (HPV). Essa doença possui desenvolvimento lento, que pode cursar sem sintomas em fase inicial e evoluir para quadros de sangramento e secreção vaginal anormal e dor abdominal associada com queixas urinárias ou intestinais nos casos mais avançados. Conclusão: Conclui-se que apesar de ainda se ter resistência por parte de muitas mulheres em fazer o exame preventivo devido ao desconhecimento, constrangimento ou mesmo o medo do diagnóstico positivo para o câncer, compete ao enfermeiro um papel fundamental quando se fala sobre educação em saúde, contribuindo para assegurar uma melhor prática da Sistematização da Assistência da Enfermagem (SAE), além de estimular a educação em saúde, realizando a promoção e prevenção.
Pelatihan dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Karyawan dalam Menganyam Rotan
Authors: Kusumah Adie Irwan , Nurnilasari Nunung 
Published: January 2023

The training was carried out for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME’s), especially in the medium business category, namely at PT. Prunabon Global Supplies Indonesia which is in Cirebon Regency for 4 (four) days, namely on 17 – 20 October 2022. The factor of a lack of human resources who are less skilled in rattan weaving and the demand for production results is not balanced, will have an impact on how the training method work according to the needs in increasing knowledge and skills. The purpose of the training is to improve capabilities in terms of knowledge and skills of employees so that employees are better and can achieve optimal work results. The method used is the hall method and the demonstration method. The results show that through training, employees improve in terms of knowledge and skills in weaving rattan handicrafts.

Abstrak
Pelatihan dilaksanakan pada Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) terkhusus pada kategori usaha menengah yaitu PT. Prunabon Global Supplies Indonesia yang berada di Kabupaten Cirebon selama 4 (empat) hari yakni pada tanggal 17 – 20 Oktober 2022. Faktor minimnya sumber daya manusia dalam perihal keterampilan pada hal penganyaman rotan juga permintaan daripada hasil produksi tidak seimbang, akan berdampak pada bagaimana metode pelatihan kerja yang disesuaikan dengan keperluan dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan serta keterampilan. Tujuan dari pelatihan untuk meningkatkan kemamampuan dalam hal pengetahuan dan keterampilan karyawan sehingga karyawan lebih baik dan bisa mencapai hasil kerja yang optimal. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode aula/balai dan metode demonstrasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa melalui pelatihan, karyawan peningkatan dalam aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan dalam menganyam kerajian rotan.
Pelatihan Kreasi Pembelajaran Tari Bagi Guru Seni Budaya di Bandar Lampung
Authors: Lestari Goesthy Ayu Mariana Devi , Kurniawan Agung , Putra Ricky Marwan 
Published: January 2023

The Covid 19 pandemic period presented challenges to all areas of life, including the education sector. The learning process in Indonesia had to be incidentally diverted towards online learning. Constraints and challenges are faced especially for practical learning characteristics, such as arts and culture subjects with main topics such as dance. To get around this, it is necessary to motivate the creativity of arts and culture teachers through training in the creation of art learning, especially dance learning. This activity instills knowledge and skills for teachers to be creative in developing dance learning in arts and culture subjects. This is present as a joint solution in seeking to keep the arts and culture learning process running and the final competence of students can be achieved as expected. The training method is carried out using lecture techniques, discussions and online practice. Through this training, 60% of the participants are confident in designing Blended Learning art and culture learning with more interesting learning media. This activity can help these teachers to design creative and informative learning media with an average achievement of 84.85 which is classified as "very good". This is a positive indication of the teacher's ability to develop creations in learning arts and culture subjects in schools online.
Penyuluhan Komunikasi Non Verbal Pada Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia (HPI) Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Satriani Imani , Cahyaningrum Qoute Nuraini 
Published: January 2023

Tourism in Bogor Regency always has its own charm for tourists. Tourism activities in Bogor close related with tourguide. Himpunan Pramuwisata Indonesia (HPI) Bogor is an organization who cope tour guides in Bogor Districts. Tour guide must have communication ability besides knowledge of tourist destination. Communication divided into verbal and non verbal communication. Verbal communication like oral and written communication. Non verbal communication like facial expression, gesture, dialect, etc. This Non Verbal Communication counseling is a part of community serices activity with title Public Speaking and Non Verbal Communication for Tourist Guide. This activity aims to optimize tour guide’s knowledge about nonverbal communication and to optimize tour guide’s knowledge about nonverbal communication and it impelementations in tourism activities. Methodes of this PKM implementation are lecture method, disscused and feedback collection method. The results of this community service activities including that HPI members become knowledgeable about non verbal communication in general. HPI members also become knowledeable about non verbal communication for tourism activities.
Representation of Pantheism as Collective Identity with Reference to the Poetry of William Hennery Davies and Wendell Berry.
Authors: Ibrahim Musa Abubker Tijani 
Published: January 2023

This study presented pantheism as question of identity or in fact collective identity. Generally, the concept of identity means collection of characteristics, abilities, goals, temperament and values that distinguish one individual from another. Throughout this study the researcher enlarged the concept of identity to include every single entity more over all these seemingly different beings with their various Features are brought together into a new one concept called pantheism that is everything is one and all is god. The researcher used qualitative: analytical descriptive, interpretive and deconstructive methods to fulfill the study goals. Pantheistic view creates peaceful atmosphere in the general life. It relates all entities one to the other through maintaining the concept of unity and one orientation. Considering pantheism as matter of identity would bring to the world a new aesthetic flavor that let everyone loves everything no matter whom or what it is, in fact it is hers, his or itself at some level. Ignorance and greed are what complicate this life and mad it boring sometimes because everyone works to defeat anyone in order to win alone.
مستخلص
قدمت هذه الدراسة وحدة الوجود على أنها مسألة هوية أو في الواقع هوية جماعية. يعني مفهوم الهوية عمومًا مجموعة الخصائص والقدرات والأهداف والمزاج والقيم التي تميز فردًا عن الآخر. خلال هذه الدراسة قام الباحث بتوسيع مفهوم الهوية ليشمل كل كيان على حدة أكثر من كل هذه الكائنات التي تبدو مختلفة مع ميزاتها المختلفة مجتمعة في مفهوم واحد جديد يسمى وحدة الوجود التي هي كل شيء واحد وكل شيء هو الله. استخدم الباحث المنهج النوعي: التحليلي الوصفي والتفسري والتفككي لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة. النظرة الوجودية تخلق جوًا سلميًا في الحياة العامة. وهي تربط جميع الكيانات بعضها ببعض من خلال الحفاظ على مفهوم الوحدة والتوجه الواحد. إن اعتبار وحدة الوجود على أنها مسألة هوية من شأنه أن يجلب للعالم نكهة جمالية جديدة تتيح للجميع أن يحبوا كل شيء بغض النظر عن من هو أو ما هو ، في الواقع هو/لها أو هو أو نفسها على مستوى ما . الجهل والجشع هما ما يعقد هذه الحياة ويجعلها مملة أحيانًا لأن الجميع يعمل على هزيمة أي شخص من أجل الفوز بمفرده.
Assessing the Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Egypt through a Gender Lens
Authors: Hattab Hala Wasef 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: According to the Egyptian Start-up Ecosystem Report (ITIDA, 2021), Egypt has one of the foremost start-up ecosystems on Africa, both in terms of levels of start-up activity and inward investments. Yet the county lags in terms of women’s participation in founding start-ups. According to the latest Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report for Egypt, the entrepreneurial activity rate for women was 5.7%, while that of Egyptian men was 16.7%, despite women’s positive attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Methodology: The current research has an exploratory nature and aims at analysing entrepreneurship ecosystem in Egypt through a gender lens to highlight the factors that are hindering Egyptian women from exploiting the different elements of the ecosystem. To achieve this, it adopts the exploratory research approach combining semi-structured interviews with ten women entrepreneurs chosen using expert sampling and an online survey distributed via Egyptian entrepreneurs’ online communities.
Findings: Analysis shows that Egyptian women entrepreneurs do not believe that the ecosystem discriminates against them, but there are some practices that are gender-insensitive which poses challenges to women hence impact their presence and activities within the ecosystem.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice: The results add to the literature of both entrepreneurship ecosystem and women entrepreneurship in Egypt and it provides practical implications to leverage Egyptian women participation in entrepreneurship.
Effect of probiotics on olanzapine-induced metabolic syndrome in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Syed Mushraf , Nayak Veena 
Published: January 2023

Introduction and Aim: Olanzapine is the most efficacious second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) used in the treatment of schizophrenia and at the same time, it is known to cause metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim was to assess the adequacy of probiotics in fighting the unfriendly impacts of olanzapine treatment such as weight gain, hyperlipidaemia, and hyperglycaemia in the olanzapine-induced MS model in rats.

Materials and Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=6), and were treated for 28 days as follows: Group-I: normal saline 1 ml/kg/day orally, Group-II: olanzapine 2 mg/kg/day i.p., Group-III: probiotic: 0.6 g/kg/day orally, Group-IV: probiotic: 1.2 g/kg/day orally, Group-V: olanzapine 2 mg/kg/day i.p., + probiotic: 0.6 g/kg/day orally, Group-VI: olanzapine 2 mg/kg/day i.p. + probiotic: 1.2 g/kg/day orally. Bodyweight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and lipid profile were assessed at baseline and the end of each week. Data were analysed by applying repeated measures ANOVA, followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni test. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: There was a significant increment in the body weight, FBG, total cholesterol, and triglycerides level after olanzapine treatment (p<0.001), and similarly a decline in the body weight, FBG, total cholesterol, and triglycerides level in the probiotic-treated groups (p<0.001). There was a decrease in weight gain and FBG levels caused by olanzapine in the probiotic-treated groups.

Conclusion: Probiotics forestalled the advancement of hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, decreased weight, and an increase in FBG levels induced by olanzapine. A long-term evaluation should also be directed to assess probiotics' impact on olanzapine-induced MS and their plausible mechanism.
Spectrum of eyelid malignancies at a tertiary care hospital in coastal India
Authors: Maria D’ Souza Shirley , Shenoy K. Kamalaksha , S. Rao Purnima 
Published: January 2023

The eyelid has four layers: skin and the subcutis, orbicularis oculi muscle, tarsal plates (one in each eyelid) and the conjunctiva. Tumors can arise from any of these and can range from non-neoplastic masses to neoplasms that include benign tumors, premalignant conditions and malignancies. The malignant tumors are of different histologic types depending upon the region and tissue of origin. Malignant tumors, especially basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas, are common in the skin around the eyes. Early detection and treatment are crucial due to the location of the tumors and is cosmetically and functionally important. Eyelid tumors are rare and most ophthalmologists/ pathologists will see only a handful in the course of their career.

In this case series, we describe seven cases with different types of eyelid malignancies, the clinical and pathologic features of these patients who presented with various tumors of the eyelid to our tertiary care teaching hospital in coastal India.
Gereja sebagai ibu dan mempelai
Authors: Margaret Carmia 
Published: January 2023

Kaum Injili dikenal memiliki penekanan tinggi terhadap aspek soteriologi, akan tetapi di sisi lain justru memiliki konstruksi eklesiologi yang tipis. Untuk mengatasi ketimpangan ini, perlu membangun sebuah pandangan teologis yang lebih apresiatif dan proporsional terhadap natur dan identitas gereja. Mengacu pada identitas kaum Injili yang mengakarkan diri pada otoritas Kitab Suci, maka pandangan terhadap gereja juga seharusnya dibangun atas dasar refleksi ulang terhadap gambaran-gambaran Alkitab itu sendiri tentang keberadaan gereja. Artikel ini hendak mengusulkan penghayatan kembali terhadap gambaran tentang gereja sebagai anak dara atau pengantin yang menantikan mempelainya yaitu Kristus; sekaligus sebagai Ibu yang mengasuh orang percaya. Pembacaan yang diusulkan ialah bahwa figur Maria ibu Yesus dapat menjadi model bahwa gereja adalah entitas yang diciptakan Allah melalui Roh dan firman dari dalam kekosongan, serta dipanggil untuk mengusung dan menghadirkan Kristus di dalam dunia yang berdosa, sekalipun harus melewati tahapan mengerang dan sakit bersalin.