bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting strategies for bone diseases: signaling pathways and clinical studies
Authors: Xu Hao , Wang Wentao , Liu Xin , Huang Wei , Zhu Chen , Xu Yaozeng , Yang Huilin , Bai Jiaxiang , Geng Dechun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSince the proposal of Paul Ehrlich’s magic bullet concept over 100 years ago, tremendous advances have occurred in targeted therapy. From the initial selective antibody, antitoxin to targeted drug delivery that emerged in the past decades, more precise therapeutic efficacy is realized in specific pathological sites of clinical diseases. As a highly pyknotic mineralized tissue with lessened blood flow, bone is characterized by a complex remodeling and homeostatic regulation mechanism, which makes drug therapy for skeletal diseases more challenging than other tissues. Bone-targeted therapy has been considered a promising therapeutic approach for handling such drawbacks. With the deepening understanding of bone biology, improvements in some established bone-targeted drugs and novel therapeutic targets for drugs and deliveries have emerged on the horizon. In this review, we provide a panoramic summary of recent advances in therapeutic strategies based on bone targeting. We highlight targeting strategies based on bone structure and remodeling biology. For bone-targeted therapeutic agents, in addition to improvements of the classic denosumab, romosozumab, and PTH1R ligands, potential regulation of the remodeling process targeting other key membrane expressions, cellular crosstalk, and gene expression, of all bone cells has been exploited. For bone-targeted drug delivery, different delivery strategies targeting bone matrix, bone marrow, and specific bone cells are summarized with a comparison between different targeting ligands. Ultimately, this review will summarize recent advances in the clinical translation of bone-targeted therapies and provide a perspective on the challenges for the application of bone-targeted therapy in the clinic and future trends in this area.
Global burden of hematologic malignancies and evolution patterns over the past 30 years
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wu Jinxian , Wang Qian , Liang Yuxing , Li Xinqi , Chen Guopeng , Ma Linlu , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhou Fuling 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHematologic malignancies are among the most common cancers, and understanding their incidence and death is crucial for targeting prevention, clinical practice improvement, and research resources appropriately. Here, we investigated detailed information on hematological malignancies for the period 1990–2019 from the Global Burden of Disease study. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), the age-standardized death rate (ASDR), and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) were calculated to assess temporal trends in 204 countries and territories over the past 30 years. Globally, incident cases of hematologic malignancies have been increasing since 1990, reaching 1343.85 thousand in 2019, but the ASDR for all types of hematologic malignancies has been declining. The ASDR for leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma were 4.26, 1.42, 3.19, and 0.34 per 100,000 population in 2019, respectively, with Hodgkin lymphoma showing the most significant decline. However, the trend varies by gender, age, region, and the country’s economic situation. The burden of hematologic malignancies is generally higher in men, and this gender gap decreases after peaking at a given age. The regions with the largest increasing trend in the ASIR of leukemia, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and Hodgkin lymphoma were Central Europe, Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Caribbean, respectively. In addition, the proportion of deaths attributed to high body-mass index continued to rise across regions, especially in regions with high socio-demographic indices (SDI). Meanwhile, the burden of leukemia from occupational exposure to benzene and formaldehyde was more widespread in areas with low SDI. Thus, hematologic malignancies remain the leading cause of the global tumor burden, with growing absolute numbers but sharp among several age-standardized measures over the past three decades. The results of the study will inform analysis of trends in the global burden of disease for specific hematologic malignancies and develop appropriate policies for these modifiable risks.
All boreal forest successional stages needed to maintain the full suite of soil biodiversity, community composition, and function following wildfire
Authors: Porter Teresita M. , Smenderovac Emily , Morris Dave , Venier Lisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWildfire is a natural disturbance in boreal forest systems that has been predicted to increase in frequency, intensity, and extent due to climate change. Most studies tend to assess the recovery of one component of the community at a time but here we use DNA metabarcoding to simultaneously monitor soil bacteria, fungi, and arthropods along an 85-year chronosequence following wildfire in jack pine-dominated ecosites. We describe soil successional and community assembly processes to better inform sustainable forest management practices. Soil taxa showed different recovery trajectories following wildfire. Bacteria shared a large core community across stand development stages (~ 95–97% of their unique sequences) and appeared to recover relatively quickly by crown closure. By comparison fungi and arthropods shared smaller core communities (64–77% and 68–69%, respectively) and each stage appeared to support unique biodiversity. We show the importance of maintaining a mosaic ecosystem that represents each stand development stage to maintain the full suite of biodiversity in soils following wildfire, especially for fungi and arthropods. These results will provide a useful baseline for comparison when assessing the effects of human disturbance such as harvest or for assessing the effects of more frequent wildfire events due to climate change.
Iron functionalized silica particles as an ingenious sorbent for removal of fluoride from water
Authors: Kiprono Paul , Kiptoo Jackson , Nyawade Eunice , Ngumba Elijah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe paucity of safe drinking water remains a global concern. Fluoride is a pollutant prevalent in groundwater that has adverse health effects. To resolve this concern, we devised a silica-based defluoridation sorbent from pumice rock obtained from the Paka volcano in Baringo County, Kenya. The alkaline leaching technique was used to extract silica particles from pumice rock, which were subsequently modified with iron to enhance their affinity for fluoride. To assess its efficacy, selected borehole water samples were used. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize the sorbent. The extracted silica particles were 96.71% pure and amorphous, whereas the iron-functionalized silica particles contained 93.67% SiO2 and 2.93% Fe2O3. The optimal pH, sorbent dose and contact time for defluoridation of a 20 mg/L initial fluoride solution were 6, 1 g and 45 min, respectively. Defluoridation followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and fitted Freundlich's isotherm. Fluoride levels in borehole water decreased dramatically; Intex 4.57–1.13, Kadokoi 2.46–0.54 and Naudo 5.39–1.2 mg/L, indicating that the silica-based sorbent developed from low-cost, abundant and locally available pumice rock is efficient for defluoridation.
Development of a deep learning system to detect glaucoma using macular vertical optical coherence tomography scans of myopic eyes
Authors: Kim Ji-Ah , Yoon Hanbit , Lee Dayun , Kim MoonHyun , Choi JoonHee , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMyopia is one of the risk factors for glaucoma, making accurate diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic eyes particularly important. However, diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic eyes is challenging due to the frequent associations of distorted optic disc and distorted parapapillary and macular structures. Macular vertical scan has been suggested as a useful tool to detect glaucomatous retinal nerve fiber layer loss even in highly myopic eyes. The present study was performed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) system to detect glaucoma in myopic eyes using macular vertical optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans and compare its diagnostic power with that of circumpapillary OCT scans. The study included a training set of 1416 eyes, a validation set of 471 eyes, a test set of 471 eyes, and an external test set of 249 eyes. The ability to diagnose glaucoma in eyes with large myopic parapapillary atrophy was greater with the vertical than the circumpapillary OCT scans, with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.976 and 0.914, respectively. These findings suggest that DL artificial intelligence based on macular vertical scans may be a promising tool for diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic eyes.
The role of genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1 (IL-1R1 and IL-1RN) in primary knee osteoarthritis in Indonesia
Authors: Budhiparama Nicolaas C. , Lumban-Gaol Imelda , Sudoyo Herawati , Magetsari Rahadyan , Wibawa Tri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the association of SNPs of the IL-1 family with the clinical severity of knee OA. This case‒control study was performed among 100 healthy knees and 130 osteoarthritis (OA) knees of people aged ≥ 50 years with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The possible correlations among clinical findings, radiographic evaluations, serum levels of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra, and genotype analyses were evaluated. Three SNPs of IL-1R1, rs871659, rs3771202, and rs3917238, were associated with primary knee OA. Females with IL-1R1 SNP rs871659 allele A had a higher prevalence of primary knee OA. No correlation was found between SNPs of IL-1R1 and IL-1RN and clinical or radiologic severity or serum concentrations of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra (p > 0.05). BMI and IL-1R1 rs3917238 genotype C/C were correlated with moderate-severe VAS scores. A correlation was also found between the EQ-5D-3L self-care dimension and obesity and between the EQ-5D-3L pain and usual activity dimensions and age ≥ 60 and obesity (p < 0.05). Radiologic severity was only associated with age ≥ 60 years (p < 0.05). We found the IL-1R1 SNPs rs871659, rs3771202, and rs3917238 to be predisposing factors for primary knee osteoarthritis. The clinical findings, radiographic severity, and serum concentrations of IL-1R1 and IL-1Ra were not correlated with these gene polymorphisms.
Genetic predictors of cultural values variation between societies
Authors: Marcus Justin , Cetin Ecesu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAssociations between the STin2 and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms within the serotonin transporter gene, SLC6A4, and culture across societies were examined. Based on an analysis of 75 primary studies (28,726 individuals), STin2 allelic frequencies were found to vary widely across countries, ranging from 26% in Germany to 85% in Singapore. Across 53 countries, and after controlling for all major environmental influences of culture, STin2 and 5-HTTLPR were found to explain 23.6% unique variance in monumentalism but none in individualism. Our findings evidence a significant role of genetics in predicting cross-societal cultural values variation, and potentially speak to the need for and importance of incorporating both nature and nurture in theories of cultural values variation across societies.
An enzyme-free technique enables the isolation of a large number of adipose-derived stem cells at the bedside
Authors: Yaylacı Seher , Kaçaroğlu Demet , Hürkal Özgür , Ulaşlı Alper Murat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdipose tissue derived stromal cells (ADSCs) play a crucial role in research and applications of regenerative medicine because they can be rapidly isolated in high quantities. Nonetheless, their purity, pluripotency, differentiation capacity, and stem cell marker expression might vary greatly depending on technique and tools used for extraction and harvesting. There are two methods described in the literature for isolating regenerative cells from adipose tissue. The first technique is enzymatic digestion, which utilizes many enzymes to remove stem cells from the tissue they reside in. The second method involves separating the concentrated adipose tissue using non-enzymatic, mechanical separation methods. ADSCs are isolated from the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) of processed lipoaspirate, which is the lipoaspirate's aqueous portion. The purpose of this work was to evaluate a unique device ‘microlyzer’ for generating SVF from adipose tissue using a mechanical technique that required minimal intervention. The Microlyzer was examined using tissue samples from ten different patients. The cells that were retrieved were characterized in terms of their cell survival, phenotype, proliferation capacity, and differentiation potential. The number of progenitor cells extracted only from the microlyzed tissue was in comparable amount to the number of progenitor cells acquired by the gold standard enzymatic approach. The cells that were collected from each group exhibit similar levels of viability as well as proliferation rates. In addition, the differentiation potentials of the cells derived from the microlyzed tissue were investigated, and it was discovered that cells isolated through microlyzer entered the differentiation pathways more quickly and displayed a greater level of marker gene expression than cells isolated by enzymatic methods. These findings suggest that microlyzer, particularly in regeneration investigations, will allow quick and high rate cell separation at the bedside.
A pilot study for development of a pulmonary function test induction jacket to automate effort in performing the forced vital capacity manoeuvre
Authors: Rajdeep Prashant , Poorey Ketaki , Patel R. K. , Oommen E. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe pulmonary function test (PFT) induction jacket was invented to make the process of performing the forced vital capacity (FVC) manoeuvre with a computerized spirometer effortless and productive for both the patient and the medical practitioner. The jacket is composed of three layers of PVC material sealed together to form a single jacket with two chambers. The inner chamber is formed between the inner layer and the middle layer, in which cold water at a temperature of 10 °C is circulated using a connected water unit when triggered. Similarly, the outer chamber is formed between the middle layer and the outer layer, in which air is pressurized using a connected air unit. Thirty volunteers performed the FVC manoeuvre with and without wearing the jacket. There was no difference between the results in spirometry parameters in the participants without a jacket and those with a jacket. However, use of the jacket significantly reduced the number of trials the participants had to undergo to perform spirometry. The jacket automated the FVC manoeuvre by triggering a physiological inspiratory gasp using cold water and circumscribing pressurized air for expiration. Additionally, subsequent advancements in the jacket have been suggested.
Comparison of partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy for cystic renal cell carcinoma: a SEER-based and retrospective study
Authors: Lin Wenhao , Yang Zhenggang , Yan Ling , Dai Jun , Fang Chen , Hao Yining , Xu Danfeng , Zhang Jin , Zhao Juping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCystic renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) is uncommon and surgical indication remains controversial. We compared radical nephrectomy (RN) with partial nephrectomy (PN) in patients with cRCC using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and a retrospective cohort including 106 cRCC patients hospitalized in Ruijin and Renji Hospitals from 2013 to 2022. The baseline characteristics between RN and PN groups in both cohorts were adjusted by propensity score-matching (PSM). A total of 640 patients were included in the SEER cohort. Before PSM, PN group in the SEER cohort had a lower level of T stage (p < 0.001) and comprised more Caucasians (p < 0.001). After PSM, RN was associated with worse overall survival (p < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (p = 0.006) in contrast to PN. In the Chinese cohort, 86 patients who underwent PN and 20 patients who underwent RN were finally included. The mean proportions of estimated glomerular filtration rate preserved after RN were worse than PN. Therefore, PN should be preferred in cRCC patients.
The impact of affective states and traits on perceptual stability during binocular rivalry
Authors: Kraus Nils , Hesselmann G. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAffective states and traits have been associated with different measures of perceptual stability during binocular rivalry. Diverging approaches to measuring perceptual stability as well as to examination of the role of affective variables have contributed to an inconclusive pattern of findings. Here, we studied the influence of affective traits, such as depressiveness and trait anxiety, and states, which were manipulated with a musical mood induction paradigm, on different measures of perceptual stability (dominance ratios and phase durations) during binocular rivalry. Fifty healthy participants reported alternations in two conditions: a biased perception condition with an unequal probability of perceiving stimuli, using an upright versus a tilted face with a neutral expression, and a control condition with equal chances of perceiving stimuli, using Gabors of different orientations. Baseline positive state affect significantly predicted longer phase durations whereas affective traits did not yield any such effect. Furthermore, in an exploratory analysis, induced negative affect attenuated stimulus related bias in predominance ratios. Overall, we found a strong correlation between both measures of perceptual stability (phase durations and dominance ratios). Our findings thus question the distinction between different measures of perceptual stability during binocular rivalry and highlight the role of affective states in its formation.
A systematic investigation of the relationship between properties of bulk foam and foam in porous media
Authors: Adebayo Abdulrauf R. , Badmus Suaibu O. , Sakthivel Sivabalan , Rezk Mohamed Gamal , Babu Rahul S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBulk foam analysis (static test) is simple and fast, which makes it a cost-effective method for screening and ranking hundreds of surfactants being considered for foam applications. Coreflood tests (dynamic test) can also be used, but it is quite laborious and costly. However, previous reports show that ranking based on static tests sometimes differs from ranking based on dynamic tests. To date, the reason for such a discrepancy is not well understood. Some believe that it may be due to faulty experimental design while some others believe that there is no discrepancy if the right foam performance indices are used to describe and compare the results from both methods. For the first time, this study reports a systematic series of static tests conducted on different foaming solutions (with surfactant concentration ranging from 0.025 to 5 wt%) and duplicated in dynamic tests using the same core sample for all the surfactant solutions. The dynamic test was also repeated on three different rocks of a wide permeability range (26–5000 mD) for each of the surfactant solutions. Unlike previous studies, here multiple dynamic foam indices (limiting capillary pressure, apparent viscosity, trapped foam, and trapped to mobile foam ratio) were measured and compared with the performance indices measured from the static tests (foam texture and foam half-life). Dynamic tests were in total agreement with static tests for all the foam formulations. However, it was observed that the pore size of the base filter disk used in the static foam analyzer can be a potential source of conflicting results when comparing with dynamic test. This is because a threshold pore size exists above which some foam properties (apparent viscosity and trapped foam) significantly decreased compared to the properties before that threshold. Foam limiting capillary pressure is the only foam property that does not show such a trend. It also appears that such threshold occurs above a certain surfactant concentration (0.025 wt%). Apparently, it becomes imperative that the pore size of the filter disk used in the static test and the porous medium used in dynamic tests must be on the same side of the threshold point, otherwise there may be disparity in their results. The threshold surfactant concentration should also be determined. The role of these two factors (pore size and surfactant concentration) requires further investigation.
Lack of involvement of CD63 and CD9 tetraspanins in the extracellular vesicle content delivery process
Authors: Tognoli Maria Laura , Dancourt Julia , Bonsergent Emeline , Palmulli Roberta , de Jong Olivier G. , Van Niel Guillaume , Rubinstein Eric , Vader Pieter , Lavieu Gregory 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are thought to mediate intercellular communication by transferring cargoes from donor to acceptor cells. The EV content-delivery process within acceptor cells is still poorly characterized and debated. CD63 and CD9, members of the tetraspanin family, are highly enriched within EV membranes and are respectively enriched within multivesicular bodies/endosomes and at the plasma membrane of the cells. CD63 and CD9 have been suspected to regulate the EV uptake and delivery process. Here we used two independent assays and different cell models (HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and HEK293T cells) to assess the putative role of CD63 and CD9 in the EV delivery process that includes uptake and cargo delivery. Our results suggest that neither CD63, nor CD9 are required for this function.
Pathophysiological and Clinical Aspects of Hearing Loss Among 85-Year-Olds
Authors: Göthberg Hanna , Skoog Ingmar , Tengstrand Tomas , Magnusson Lennart , Hoff Maria , Rosenhall Ulf , Sadeghi André 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of conductive/mixed and sensorineural hearing loss, with an attempt to differentiate between sensory and neural components in 85-year-olds.

Method:

A comprehensive auditory test protocol, including pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), was used to identify different types of hearing loss in 85-year-olds. This study comprised a subsample (
n
= 125) selected from an unscreened cohort of 85-year-olds born in 1930, within the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden.

Results:
Test results were reported descriptively. Sensorineural hearing loss was present in one or both ears in almost all participants (98%), and the majority had absent DPOAEs. Only approximately 6% had additional conductive hearing loss, that is, mixed hearing loss. Approximately 20% of the participants with a pure-tone average at 0.5–4 kHz < 60 dB HL had worse word recognition scores compared with predicted scores by the Speech Intelligibility Index (SII), whereas only two participants were classified with neural dysfunction with the use of ABR.

Conclusions:
Sensorineural hearing loss, likely related to outer hair cell loss, was present in the vast majority of 85-year-olds. Conductive/mixed hearing loss appears to be relatively rare in advanced age. Poor word recognition scores in relation to SII-predicted scores were relatively common (20%) in 85-year-olds, whereas auditory neuropathy was only rarely identified (1.6%) by the use of ABR latencies. To explain abnormal word recognition and to identify the neural component of hearing loss among the older-old population, future research should consider factors such as listening effort and cognition among the older-old population.