bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated feedback and writing: a multi-level meta-analysis of effects on students' performance
Authors: Fleckenstein Johanna , Liebenow Lucas W. , Meyer Jennifer 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionAdaptive learning opportunities and individualized, timely feedback are considered to be effective support measures for students' writing in educational contexts. However, the extensive time and expertise required to analyze numerous drafts of student writing pose a barrier to teaching. Automated writing evaluation (AWE) tools can be used for individual feedback based on advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. A number of primary (quasi-)experimental studies have investigated the effect of AWE feedback on students' writing performance.MethodsThis paper provides a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of AWE feedback tools. The literature search yielded 4,462 entries, of which 20 studies (k = 84; N = 2, 828) met the pre-specified inclusion criteria. A moderator analysis investigated the impact of the characteristics of the learner, the intervention, and the outcome measures.ResultsOverall, results based on a three-level model with random effects show a medium effect (g = 0.55) of automated feedback on students' writing performance. However, the significant heterogeneity in the data indicates that the use of automated feedback tools cannot be understood as a single consistent form of intervention. Even though for some of the moderators we found substantial differences in effect sizes, none of the subgroup comparisons were statistically significant.DiscussionWe discuss these findings in light of automated feedback use in educational practice and give recommendations for future research.
The disparity between optimal and practical Lagrangian multiplier estimation in video encoders
Authors: Ringis Daniel Joseph , Vibhoothi  , Pitié François , Kokaram Anil 
Published: July 2023

With video streaming making up 80% of the global internet bandwidth, the need to deliver high-quality video at low bitrate, combined with the high complexity of modern codecs, has led to the idea of a per-clip optimisation approach in transcoding. In this paper, we revisit the Lagrangian multiplier parameter, which is at the core of rate-distortion optimisation. Currently, video encoders use prediction models to set this parameter but these models are agnostic to the video at hand. We explore the gains that could be achieved using aper-clipdirect-search optimisation of the Lagrangian multiplier parameter. We evaluate this optimisation framework on a much larger corpus of videos than that has been attempted by previous research. Our results show that per-clip optimisation of the Lagrangian multiplier leads to BD-Rate average improvements of 1.87% for x265 across a 10 k clip corpus of modern videos, and up to 25% in a single clip. Average improvements of 0.69% are reported for libaom-av1 on a subset of 100 clips. However, we show that a per-clip, per-frame-type optimisation ofλfor libaom-av1 can increase these average gains to 2.5% and up to 14.9% on a single clip. Our optimisation scheme requires about 50–250 additional encodes per-clip but we show that significant speed-up can be made using proxy videos in the optimisation. These computational gains (of up to ×200) incur a slight loss to BD-Rate improvement because the optimisation is conducted at lower resolutions. Overall, this paper highlights the value of re-examining the estimation of the Lagrangian multiplier in modern codecs as there are significant gains still available without changing the tools used in the standards.
Diagnostic dilemma in acute neurological presentation of spinal arachnoid cysts: A case report
Authors: Jain Swati , Sun Ira , Pang Boon Chuan , Lim Su Lone , Low Shiong Wen 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundSpinal arachnoid cysts are relatively uncommon, cerebrospinal fluid-filled sacs formed by arachnoid membranes that can be either idiopathic or acquired. The neurological presentation of these cysts is varied. Advances in imaging techniques have allowed an improved characterization of these entities and excluded other possible causes of clinical manifestation. Their presentation remains varied, ranging from pain to progressive neurological deficits. Here, we present two cases of patients with thoracic arachnoid cysts that posed a diagnostic dilemma at initial presentation because of their acute neurological deficit, and their eventual recovery after surgical intervention.Case descriptionThe first case is of a patient with end-stage renal failure, which prevented the administration of contrast during the workup. The differential diagnosis ranged from intradural abscess to arachnoid cyst. The second patient presented with non-remitting back pain that progressed to an acute neurological deficit. Both patients recovered well after decompression of the cyst.ConclusionThe decision to intervene is still patient-dependent and based on the extent of neurological deterioration at the time of presentation due to the relatively benign nature and lack of understanding of the temporal presentation of neurological symptoms, which are rapidly and almost completely reversed after surgery. However, further studies need to be done to understand the acute presentation of these cysts, which are apparently long-standing.
Young People’s Attitudes, Perceptions and Experiences of Social Distancing and Self-Isolation During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Merritt Rowena Katherine , Vastano Alexandra , Nakagawa Jun , Doherty-Kelly Donna , Taylor Jayne 
Published: July 2023

Objectives: Social distancing and self-isolation were key parts of the UK’s strategy for reducing the spread of COVID-19. This study explored young people’s attitudes, perceptions and experiences of social distancing and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Qualitative individual, family and paired-friendship interviews were conducted. All 26 participants lived or worked in East London and were aged between 20 and 39 years.Results: Qualitative analysis revealed three main themes: 1) trust and breaking of the social distancing and self-isolation rules—trust in their friends to be careful and say if they are unwell; 2) own rule making—making their own household rules which made them less guilty about breaking national rules as they were adhering to rules (albeit their own); and 3) lack of clarity around self isolation and the need for practical support—confusion around length of time needed to self isolate and what self-isolation really meant.Conclusion: Developing more effective and targeted communications and practical support mechanisms to encourage better adherence to social distancing and self-isolation rules among young people will be essential to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Frame-Based Phone Classification Using EMG Signals
Authors: Salomons Inge , del Blanco Eder , Navas Eva , Hernáez Inma , de Zuazo Xabier 
Published: July 2023

This paper evaluates the impact of inter-speaker and inter-session variability on the development of a silent speech interface (SSI) based on electromyographic (EMG) signals from the facial muscles. The final goal of the SSI is to provide a communication tool for Spanish-speaking laryngectomees by generating audible speech from voiceless articulation. However, before moving on to such a complex task, a simpler phone classification task in different modalities regarding speaker and session dependency is performed for this study. These experiments consist of processing the recorded utterances into phone-labeled segments and predicting the phonetic labels using only features obtained from the EMG signals. We evaluate and compare the performance of each model considering the classification accuracy. Results show that the models are able to predict the phonetic label best when they are trained and tested using data from the same session. The accuracy drops drastically when the model is tested with data from a different session, although it improves when more data are added to the training data. Similarly, when the same model is tested on a session from a different speaker, the accuracy decreases. This suggests that using larger amounts of data could help to reduce the impact of inter-session variability, but more research is required to understand if this approach would suffice to account for inter-speaker variability as well.
Forecasting methods of intelligent systems technical condition analysis
Authors: Bohomia Volodymyr , Zhukov Yevhen , Mamitko Alyona 
Published: July 2023

Modern information processing and control systems reached the level that makes it possible to use detailed information on device and human nervous system functioning. Using a cognitive psychological approach in intelligent systems development, allowed them to imitate human nervous system functions. The development of increasingly powerful intelligent information and control systems with learning and self-learning, including information and measuring systems, is expected as a result.
They will have enhanced cognitive capabilities due to the stimulation of cognitive functions and processes responsible for perception, learning, thinking, and consciousness in the human nervous system.
Development of this field allows to develop intelligent systems with thinking and behaviour analysis elements. Adding some creative possibilities, for example, related to automatic hypotheses and models creation and self-learning for new task solving, allows to improve the efficiency of intelligent systems.
Due to this new approaches to the artificial brain and the artificial nervous system of robots development, which relate not only to artificial intelligence but also to its development in the form of an artificial mind.
Thus, the main scientific and development task for models, methods, methodics, and algorithms for intelligent systems technical condition forecasting based on soft computing is important and relevant for science and practice.
Intelligent technologies allowing to develop useful intelligent systems are continuously being improved. Currently, quite powerful tools for implementing the technology of expert systems, fuzzy logic, neural network systems, and multi-agent systems technology are used. They are rapidly improved by adding software packages and hardware tools.
New technologies are being developed in the so-called neuromorphic systems field that models some brain structures and in the parallel computing and quantum computers field. These technologies aim to raise significantly the intelligence level of systems in the future.
Somatotype Characteristics of Indian National Canoeists and Kayakers
Authors: Chakrabarti Debaarati , Adhikari Anup 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Performance in Canoeing and Kayaking depends upon different factors and Somatotype is one of the most important factors of these. The present study aimed to find out the somatotype of Indian national level Canoeists and Kayakers who participated in International and National level competitions. Methods: 27 national level Canoeists and Kayakers were studied for their Somatotype. All subjects were selected from different water sports training centers across the country. Out of 27 athletes, 11 were male athletes (seven Canoeists and four Kayakers) and 16 were female athletes (6 Canoeists and 10 Kayakers). Heath-Carter method (1967) was followed for Somatotyping. Results: Average somatotype of 3.4(±0.9)-5.0(±0.8)-3.4(±2.1) was observed for the male Canoeists and Kayakers whereas that of females was 5.9(±1.6)-4.7(±1.1)-2.0(±1.1). Thus, the male Indian National Canoeists and Kayakers were with Balanced mesomorph somatotype on average whereas the female counterparts were Mesomorphic endomorph. The average muscularity of both male and female Canoeists and Kayakers was moderate. Conclusions: Ectomorphic mesomorph somatotype is the ideal body type for a sportsman in Water sports. Besides Somatotype characteristics, the muscularity of an athlete represents muscular strength which is an important factor for good performance in water sports and generates the required energy for paddling. Moderate muscularity of both male and female Indian Canoeists and Kayakers could hinder good performance in international arenas like the Olympics and Commonwealth Games. Thus Indian Canoeists and Kayakers should improve their muscularity with proper training and nutrition.
Effect of Maturity Status and Relative Age Effect on Anthropometrics and Physical Performance of Soccer Players Aged 12 to 15 Years
Authors: Shahidi Seyed Houtan , Yilmaz Levent , Esformes Joseph 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: There is a growing interest in the relationship between biological maturation, relative age effect, and soccer sports performance. Based on their cohort's relative age effect and maturation, relatively older soccer players can be favored to be selected for high-level teams. Therefore, the current study examined the effect of maturity and relative age on anthropometric and physical performance tests. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 82 boys (M age: 13.4 ± 1.1; M body mass: 51.9 ± 9.9; body height: 162 ± 10.5; body fat%: 9.7 ± 1.1) were assessed for anthropometric, flexibility, hand, and leg strength, and countermovement jump performance. Peak height velocity (PHV) determination was used for maturity status estimation. The birthdate distributions were categorized into four quartiles (January-March, Q1; April-June, Q2; July-September, Q3; October-December, Q4). MANOVA analysis was performed on all anthropometric and physical performance assessments to examine differences within age groups and maturity status groups. Differences among all groups were revealed, with high scores in the older group (U-15). Results: Biological maturation influences the differences in the anthropometric and physical performance assessment with a significant effect on the early matured soccer players compared to the late matured. Early matured players were overrepresented and statistically had better anthropometric and physical performance results. Conclusion: However, there was no significant representation of players in the first quarter compared to the third and fourth quarters for all the anthropometric and performance assessments. The current findings can be used for quantifying and controlling performance data of soccer players adjusted to biological requirements used in the training process.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Tebu Merah dan Tebu Hijau (Saccharum officinarum L.) Menggunakan Metode DPPH (1,1-Difenil-2-Pikrilhidrazil)
Authors: Indah Parawansah Nabila , Lailatul Qodri Udrika 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRAK

Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang penting di Indonesia untuk ketahanan pangan. Tebu merah dan tebu hijau adalah dua jenis tebu yang cukup melimpah sebagai bahan produksi gula di jawa timur. Komposisi kimia fenolik dan flavonoid pada tebu adalah golongan antiradikal yang dapat diteliti aktivitas antioksidannya dengan menggunakan metode DPPH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Menganalisis aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak tebu merah dan tebu hijau menggunakan metode DPPH berdasarkan nilai Inhibitory Comcentration (lC50) pada Spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Metode ekstraksi menggunakan maserasi pada ekstrak tebu dengan pelarut etanol 96% didapatkan rendemen 11,476%. Pada uji pendahuluan dilakukan dengan uji KLT analisis antioksidan. Senyawa yang diduga memiliki aktivitas antioksidan pada hasil pemisahan kromatografi yaitu pada nilai Rf 0,777 pada tebu hijau dan nilai Rf 0,775 pada tebu merah. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai IC50 ekstrak tebu hijau sebesar 24 ppm, ekstrak tebu merah sebesar 21 ppm dan pembanding Vit C sebesar 4,4 ppm. Nilai IC50 < 50 ppm menyatakan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat terhadap ekstrak etanol tebu merah dan tebu hijau.

Kata kunci: Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.), Ekstraksi, KLT, Antioksidan, DPPH
Identifying Students’ Religiosity and Character Strengths in a Multiculturalism Life Consequence
Authors: Tukiyo Tukiyo , Sumekto Didik Rinan , Suryani Yulinda Erma 
Published: July 2023

The multiculturalism values which exist among students promote their character, religiosity and character strength in their personal life. This study aims to investigate the religiosity and character strength among associates and students’ with diversity, undergraduate degrees at a private university in Klaten, Central Java. The instruments address students’ religiosity and character strengths, endorsing male (114 or 30.4%) and female (261 or 69.6%) students who lived in and outside the Klaten district. 313 or 83.5% of respondents were residing in Klaten district, whereas the remainder of, 62 or 16.5%, were originally inhabited from outside Klaten. This study used a quantitative descriptive with 375 respondents. Data were collected from a Google form to facilitate respondents’ accessibility in filling out the questionnaire and analyzed by using multivariate assumption tests of normality, homogeneity, and covariance variance matrix. The results proved that the value of religiosity (F = 1.641; p = .000) and character strength (F = 1.683; p = .000) from the Levene’s test, whilst the homogeneity test of covariance showed 7.104; F = .771; p =.643. Students’ religiosity ranked in the medium category (67.2%) as well as students’ character strength (66.4%). These meant no significant differences in religiosity and character strength among gender-based students’ domiciles.
Media Big Book Alphabet Recognition in Early Childhood
Authors: Mazidah Nihayatul , Putro Khamim Zarkasih , Naimah Naimah , Suyadi Suyadi , Anam Syariful 
Published: July 2023

Students at kindergarten can learn the alphabet through a Big Book-based lesson. It helps them master the alphabet. The goals of this research are to (1) determine the extent to which Big Book media are being used to teach the alphabet in kindergarten, (2) examine the ways in which teachers are using Big Book media to teach the alphabet, and (3) draw conclusions about the implications of utilising Big Book media to teach students to recognise individual letters. Because kindergarteners often struggle to recognise and recall the alphabet, teachers often resort to Big Book media. To aid children's memorisation and speed with letter recognition, the Big Book includes a section devoted to the alphabet. Qualitative methods of description were used in this investigation. Observation, interviews, and thorough documentation are the backbone of the data collection process. The three phases of data analysis are reducing data, presenting data, and making conclusions. The study's findings suggest that (1) Big Book media improves children's letter recognition when compared to other media. (2) In this kindergarten, teachers use Big Book media for teaching letter recognition since it is more engaging and straightforward for young students. Three implications of Big Book media, which is used as a medium to teach kids the alphabet in kindergarten, based on markers of progress towards quicker and easier letter recognition.
Professional Commitment: Transformational Leadership, Perceived Organizational Support, and Achievement Motivation as the Mediator
Authors: Wulandari Dian , Noviani Pipit , Hardhienata S. , Setyaningsih Sri 
Published: July 2023

The main objective of this study is to formulate practical ways in increasing professional commitment based on studies on the influence of transformational leadership, Perceived Organizational Support (POS), and achievement motivation as mediators, toward professional commitment. This research was conducted at an Elementary Public School in Klari District, Karawang Regency, using quantitative methods with a path analysis approach. The population in this study was all 278 PNS Elementary Public School Teachers in Klari, and the study sample was 165 people obtained by simple random sampling. The results of the survey at the significance level of 5% showed that: (1) transformational leadership has a direct positive effect on professional commitment (βy1= 0.190), (2) POS has a direct positive effect on professional commitment (βy2 = 0.251), (3) achievement motivation has a direct positive effect on professional commitment βy3= 0.094, (4) transformational leadership had a positive effect on achievement motivation (βy31 = 0.208), (5) POS had a direct positive effect on achievement motivation (βy32 = 0.276), (6) Achievement motivation effectively mediated the transformational leadership and POS on professional commitment. Based on the analysis, it can be recommended that the order of indicators that need to be improved immediately are: working conditions, supervisor support, and organizational rewards (from POS); Individualized consideration (from Transformational Leadership); responsibility and superior drive (from achievement motivation).
The Linkage of Students’ Synchronous and Autonomous Learning at the Tertiary Level
Authors: Khulaifiyah Khulaifiyah , Yuliani Sri , Aulia Fara Azzahra 
Published: July 2023

The goal of the research is to find out whether students’ synchronous learning correlates highly to their autonomous learning. Knowing that activities during synchronous learning must standardized into certain syllabus so that, learning process can be imitated into asynchronous learning nowadays. Therefore, studying the topic is still needed. This study used quantitative data that researchers obtained from numerous respondents. 100 participants, dominantly English Language Education students who experienced synchronous learning, already became active respondent to this study. A questionnaire comprised 15 items about how intensive students know the objective, specific or personal goal, negotiation, additional learning resources, checking their achievement and others during synchronous learning. The research applied a sequential exploration design in which quantitative data is collected and analyzed using SPSS 23. The result reveals that the sig value is 0.030 bigger () than 0.05. Thus, it shows a significant difference between the value of the synchronous relationship and autonomous learning when compared to the standards set. Next, it is reviewed further that the t value shows a positive score, meaning the research acquisition value is higher than the specified score. Synchronous learning has upgraded students’ autonomous learning. Therefore, from the results of the test, it can be concluded that there is a high correlation between synchronous and students' autonomous learning.
فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على الوعي الصوتي والصرفي في تحسين مهارات القراءة لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في الأردن
Authors: Beirat Shadi Ahmad , Al-Hawamdeh Mohammad Fu’ad 
Published: July 2023

الأهداف: هدفت الدّراسة الكشف عن فاعلية برنامج تعليمي قائم على الوعي الصوتي والصرفي في تحسين مهارات القراءة لدى طلبة الصف الثالث الأساسي في الأردن.
المنهجية: اتبعت هذه الدراسة المنهج شبه التجريبي، تصميم قبلي – بعدي لمجموعتين غير متكافئتين، واستخدم الباحثان أداة التقويم الخاصة المعتمدة من وزارة التربية والتعليم في الأردن، وتكونت عينة الدّراسة من (60) طالبًا وطالبة اختيروا من مدرسة تابعة لمديرية التربية والتعليم بمحافظة عجلون، قُسّموا عشوائيًا إلى مجموعتين: مجموعة ضابطة تكونت من (30) طالبًا وطالبة، ومجموعة تجريبية تكونت من (30) طالبًا وطالبة.
النتائج: أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مهارات القراءة تعزى إلى البرنامج التعليمي لصالح أفراد المجموعة التجريبية، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مهارات القراءة تعزى لمتغير الجنس لصالح الإناث، ووجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مهارات القراءة تعزى إلى التفاعل بين البرنامج التعليمي والجنس لصالح الإناث.
التوصيات: أوصت الدراسة بتخطيط برامج اللغة العربية، وتضمينها أنشطة وتدريبات قائمة على مهارات الوعي الصوتي والصرفي، وعقد ورش تدريبية لمعلمي اللغة العربية تتناول البرنامج التعليمي القائم على الوعي الصوتي والصرفي.