bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting defects in fused deposition modeling based on improved YOLO v4
Authors: Xu Luyang , Zhang Xiaoxun , Ma Fang , Chang Gaoyuan , Zhang Cheng , Li Jiaming , Wang Shuxian , Huang Yuanyou 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fused deposition modeling comes with many conveniences for the manufacturing industry, but many defects tend to appear in actual production due to the problems of the FDM mechanism itself. Although some deep learning-based object detection models show excellent performance in detecting defects in the additive manufacturing process, their detection efficiency is relatively low, and they are prone to drawbacks in the face of large numbers of defects. In this paper, an improved model based on the YOLO v4 network structure is developed. We lightweight the model and modify its loss function to achieve better performance. Experimental results show that the improved model, MobileNetV2-YOLO v4, achieves a mAP of 98.96% and an FPS of 50.8 after training, which obtains higher detection accuracy and faster detection speed than the original YOLO v4 algorithm model. Through testing, this improved model can accurately identify the location and information of target defects, which has great potential for real-time detection in the additive manufacturing process.
Thermoelectric properties of cement composite analogues from first principles calculations
Authors: Orisakwe Esther , Johnston Conrad , Jani Ruchita , Liu Xiaoli , Stella Lorenzo , Kohanoff Jorge , Holmes Niall , Norton Brian , Qu Ming , Yin Hongxi , Yazawa Kazuaki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Buildings are responsible for a considerable fraction of the energy wasted globally every year, and as a result, excess carbon emissions. While heat is lost directly in colder months and climates, resulting in increased heating loads, in hot climates cooling and ventilation is required. One avenue towards improving the energy efficiency of buildings is to integrate thermoelectric devices and materials within the fabric of the building to exploit the temperature gradient between the inside and outside to do useful work. Cement-based materials are ubiquitous in modern buildings and present an interesting opportunity to be functionalized. We present a systematic investigation of the electronic transport coefficients relevant to the thermoelectric materials of the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel analogue, tobermorite, using Density Functional Theory calculations with the Boltzmann transport method. The calculated values of the Seebeck coefficient are within the typical magnitude (200-600 μ
V/K) indicative of a good thermoelectric material. The tobermorite models are predicted to be intrinsically p-type thermoelectric material because of the presence of large concentration of the Si-O tetrahedra sites. The calculated electronic figure of merit, ZT, for the tobermorite models have their optimal values of 0.983 at (400 K and 1017 cm−3) for tobermorite 9 Å, 0.985 at (400 K and 1017 cm−3) for tobermorite 11 Å and 1.20 at (225 K and 1019 cm−3) for tobermorite 14 Å, respectively.
Improving the quality of coffee yield forecasting in Dak Lak Province, Vietnam, through the utilization of remote sensing data
Authors: Van Viet Luong , Thuy Tran Thi Thu 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This research aimed to identify sensitive areas for Robusta coffee trees in Dak Lak province, Vietnam, where frequent droughts caused fluctuations in productivity. To improve yield forecasting, a mask was developed to extract potential predictive variables from satellite-derived vegetation indices (VIs). Correlation coefficients between VIs and coffee yield were analyzed to determine sensitive areas, and grid cells with high multiple correlation coefficients and a variable over time were used to build the mask for extracting VIs as predictor variables. The study found that sensitive areas had more challenging farming conditions than long-term crops, and the Vegetation Health Index was the most appropriate index for predicting coffee yield. The forecast quality for 6-8 months in advance was relatively high, with a ‘Willmott’s index of agreement’ ranging from 0.85 to 0.97 and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error ranging from 4.9% to 7.5%. Compared to previous research, the forecast quality has significantly improved. This study provides valuable insights for predicting coffee yield in Dak Lak and highlights the importance of considering sensitive areas and VIs for accurate forecasting.
Measuring quality of life in care homes when self-report is challenging: the construct validity, structural characteristics and internal consistency of the mixed-methods adult social care outcomes toolkit
Authors: Towers Ann-Marie , Rand Stacey , Collins Grace , Smith Nick , Palmer Sinead , Cassell Jackie 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe adult social care outcomes toolkit (ASCOT) measures social care-related quality of life (SCRQoL) using self-completion questionnaires and interviews. Many care home residents find such methods inaccessible, leading to a reliance on proxy-reporting. This study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of the mixed-methods toolkit [ASCOT-Care Homes, 4 outcome (CH4)] for measuring SCRQoL when residents cannot self-report.MethodsTwo cross-sectional, mixed-methods studies were undertaken in care homes for older people in England between 2015 and 2020. We used the ASCOT-CH4 (observation, and interviews with residents and proxies) to collect information about SCRQoL and collected additional data on residents’ needs and characteristics, and variables hypothesised to be related to SCRQoL.Hypothesis testing was applied to establish construct validity, Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and exploratory factor analysis for structural validity.ResultsThe combined dataset included 475 residents from 54 care homes (34 nursing, 20 residential). Half had a diagnosis of dementia. Less than a third of residents were able to complete an ASCOT interview. Observations and proxy interviews informed researcher ratings, meaning there were no missing ASCOT-CH4 scores. ASCOT-CH4 was found to be a weak unidimensional scale, consistent with other ASCOT measures, with acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.77, 8 items). Construct validity was supported by the findings.ConclusionsThe ASCOT-CH4 is an alternative to conventional proxy-questionnaires for measuring the SCRQoL of care home residents, with good psychometric properties. A limitation is that users need a range of data collection skills. Future research should explore whether findings are replicable when data are collected by other researchers.
Estimating exposures from spray products using robotic simulations
Authors: Shin Mi K , Qian Hua , Lee Jee-Eun , Sentis Luis , Maberti Silvia I 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
There is an increasing need for exposure data to enable more precise information for risk estimates and improved public health protection. While personal monitoring data are preferred, it is often difficult to collect due to the resources needed to complete a human research study. In this study, we successfully programmed a robotic arm to mimic human use (spraying) of a fabric crafts protector (FCP) and human cleaning (spraying and wiping) of a glass pane with glass cleaner (GC). The robot was then used in place of human subjects to assess inhalation exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the use of the FCP and GC. Air sampling data were collected while the robot used the products to estimate personal exposures to VOCs. Average VOC concentrations were 1.57 ppm for FCP spraying and 0.17 ppm for GC spraying and wiping. During FCP spraying, average acetone concentrations were 0.88 ppm and average isopropyl alcohol concentrations were 0.26 ppm. During GC spraying and wiping, average 2-butoxyethanol concentrations were 0.15 ppm. Air sampling data were found to be within the range of data reported in the literature during human use of similar glass cleaning products. No data was found in the literature during use of fabric protector spray products. This study contributes exposure measurement data with detailed contextual information to help characterize inhalation exposures during the use of 2 spray products. In addition, the study offers a systematic, efficient method for generating exposure data which can be used to improve health and safety risk assessments used for public health protection.
Occupational exposure science
Authors: Cherrie John W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This commentary describes developments in occupational exposure science over the last 30 yr, highlighting theoretical descriptions of inhalation, dermal, inadvertent ingestion, and ocular exposure in the workplace and how they are intertwined. In particular, the way that we define “exposure” in the theory determines what is and is not measured in workplace investigations, and what contextual information about the work and the environment is recorded alongside the exposure measurements. Central to all the theoretical models described is the unifying concept of uptake, or the mass of hazardous substance entering the body by different routes over a workday. Measurement of uptake is currently practicable for inhalation exposure, although further methodological developments are needed to allow uptake measurement for the other relevant exposure routes. Little attempt has been made to date to try to integrate worker behaviour into exposure assessment, despite this clearly being an important determinant of exposure. It is argued that adopting a new exposure paradigm, centred on uptake, would bring many advantages and provide new insights into workplace exposures.
Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: Impact of Body Mass Index on Postoperative Complications and Aesthetic Results: A 5-Year, Single-Center Study
Authors: Vaccari Stefano , Klinger Francesco , Sciretta Antonio P , Di Giuli Riccardo , Bandi Valeria , Veronesi Alessandra , Catania Barbara , Klinger Marco , Vinci Valeriano 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Increasing adoption of implant-based breast reconstruction (IBR) has raised expectations regarding postoperative outcomes and aesthetic results. BMI has been extensively explored as a predictor of complications. This study is the first to examine complication rates in underweight subjects, and compares these rates among underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese patients.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of BMI on postoperative complications and aesthetic results in IBR following mastectomy.

Methods
Retrospective analysis encompassed patients undergoing mastectomy with subsequent IBR, performed by a collaborative team of breast and plastic surgeons. Demographics, treatment specifics, and outcomes were evaluated by univariate and multivariate regression models. Significance was determined at P &lt; .05.

Results
In total, 1046 IBRs were performed in 921 patients, of whom 63 had a BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2, 572 were normal weight, 215 were overweight, and 71 were obese. Significantly higher complication rates were observed in both obese and overweight patients compared with normal-weight patients (P &lt; .001). Each unit increase in BMI correlated to 7% increased odds of overall complications and 13% increased odds of reconstructive failure. Underweight individuals had higher capsular contracture rates than normal-weight patients, 14.3% vs 3.65%, respectively (P = .001). In addition, aesthetic complications rates in underweight patients were higher than in normal-weight patients, 36.4% vs 25.7%, respectively (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions
This study confirmed BMI to be a strong predictor of postoperative complications and aesthetic outcomes, and demonstrates that low BMI has a significant impact on the incidence of capsular contracture and aesthetic complications.

Level of Evidence: 3
SEM3De: image restoration for FIB-SEM
Authors: Serir Rayane Hamdane , Deliot Aurelie , Kizilyaprak Caroline , Daraspe Jean , Walczak Christine , Canini Françoise , Leleu Amandine , Marco Sergio , Ronzon Frederic , Messaoudi Cedric 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Motivation
FIB-SEM (Focused Ion Beam—Scanning Electron Microscopy) is a technique to generate 3D images of samples up to several microns in depth. The principle is based on the alternate use of SEM to image the surface of the sample (a few nanometers thickness) and of FIB to mill the surface of the sample a few nanometers at the time. In this way, huge stacks of images can thus be acquired.
Although this technique has proven useful in imaging biological systems, the presence of some visual artifacts (stripes due to sample milling, detector saturation, charge effects, focus or sample drift, etc.) still raises some challenges for image interpretation and analyses.

Results
With the aim of meeting these challenges, we developed a freeware (SEM3De) that either corrects artifacts with state-of-the-art approaches or, when artifacts are impossible to correct, enables the replacement of artifactual slices by an in-painted image created from adjacent non-artifactual slices. Thus, SEM3De improves the overall usability of FIB-SEM acquisitions.

Availability and implementation
SEM3De can be downloaded from https://sourceforge.net/projects/sem3de/ as a plugin for ImageJ.
On Some Geopolitical and Societal Tendencies Threatening Peace and Stability
Authors: Müllerson Rein 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Today’s world is less stable than the Cold War international system. Why the high expectations for a peaceful world that existed thirty years ago didn’t materialize? This article singles out two interrelated trends that stem from mistakes made when it seemed that the humanity, having learned from history, was stepping into a period of the “end of history”. However, this end of history mindset forms the very basis on which today’s negative tendencies are flourishing. The triumphant West tried not only to unify the whole world under a single leadership but to make it also uniform. Yet, the world is simply too big, complex and diverse to have its rich tapestry flattened into a carpet where only one pattern, be it a Judeo-Christian, Anglo-Saxon, Confucian, Muslim or secular liberal-democratic, dominates. Therefore, after a short unipolar moment, those States that couldn’t or didn’t want to follow Washington, began to claim their own place under the Sun and the right to go their own way. As long as it is not recognized that there is an intrinsic value not only in bio-diversity or in the acceptance of diverse ways of life within a society, but also in the existence of diverse political systems, economic models and societal arrangements, there will not be even a relative peace in the world. Equally, recognition and acceptance of balance of power in international relations is even more important than the adherence to the principle of separation of powers within States. The second trend is expressed in conflicts between elites and masses, whose grievances are exploited by populists. Moreover, the idea that globalisation would lead, if not to the disappearance of the State, then at least to a considerable shrinking of its role, turned out to be wrong.
Kidney function estimators for drug dose adjustment of direct oral anticoagulants in older adults with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Villain Cédric , Ebert Natalie , Bothe Tim , Barghouth Muhammad , Pöhlmann Anna , Fietz Anne-Katrin , Douros Antonios , Mielke Nina , Schaeffner Elke 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
The Cockcroft–Gault equation (CrClC-G) is recommended for dose adjustment of direct oral anticoagulant drugs (DOACs) to kidney function. We aimed to assess whether defining DOAC dose appropriateness according to various kidney function estimators changed the associations between dose appropriateness and adverse events in older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods
Participants of the Berlin Initiative Study with AF and treated with DOACs were included. We investigated CrClC-G and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration and European Kidney Function Consortium equations based on creatinine and/or cystatin C. Marginal structural Cox models yielded confounder-adjusted hazard ratios for the risk of mortality, thromboembolism and bleeding associated with dose status.

Results
A total of 224 patients were included in the analysis (median age 87 years). Using CrClC-G, 154 (69%) had an appropriate dose of DOACs, 52 (23%) were underdosed and 18 (8%) were overdosed. During a 39-month median follow-up period, 109 (14.9/100 person-years) participants died, 25 (3.6/100 person-years) experienced thromboembolism and 60 (9.8/100 person-years) experienced bleeding. Dose status was not associated with mortality and thromboembolism, independent of the equation. Underdose status was associated with a lower risk of bleeding with all the equations compared with the appropriate dose group. In participants with discrepancies in dose status using CrClC-G and eGFR equations, the occurrence of endpoints did not differ between participants having an appropriate dose using CrClC-G or eGFR.

Conclusion
In older adults with AF, the association of DOAC dose status with adverse events did not differ when using CrClC-G or eGFR. Our results suggest that eGFR equations are not inferior to CrClC-G within this context.
Electrocardiographic temporo-spatial assessment of depolarization and repolarization changes after epicardial arrhythmogenic substrate ablation in Brugada syndrome
Authors: Locati Emanuela T , Van Dam Peter M , Ciconte Giuseppe , Heilbron Francesca , Boonstra Machteld , Vicedomini Gabriele , Micaglio Emanuele , Ćalović Žarko , Anastasia Luigi , Santinelli Vincenzo , Pappone Carlo 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Aims
In Brugada syndrome (BrS), with spontaneous or ajmaline-induced coved ST elevation, epicardial electro-anatomic potential duration maps (epi-PDMs) were detected on a right ventricle (RV) outflow tract (RVOT), an arrhythmogenic substrate area (AS area), abolished by epicardial-radiofrequency ablation (EPI-AS-RFA). Novel CineECG, projecting 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms on a 3D heart model, previously localized depolarization forces in RV/RVOT in BrS patients. We evaluate 12-lead ECG and CineECG depolarization/repolarization changes in spontaneous type-1 BrS patients before/after EPI-AS-RFA, compared with normal controls.

Methods and results
In 30 high-risk BrS patients (93% males, age 37 + 9 years), 12-lead ECGs and epi-PDMs were obtained at baseline, early after EPI-AS-RFA, and late follow-up (FU) (2.7–16.1 months). CineECG estimates temporo-spatial localization during depolarization (Early-QRS and Terminal-QRS) and repolarization (ST-Tpeak, Tpeak-Tend). Differences within BrS patients (baseline vs. early after EPI-AS-RFA vs. late FU) were analysed by Wilcoxon signed-rank test, while differences between BrS patients and 60 age–sex-matched normal controls were analysed by the Mann–Whitney test. In BrS patients, baseline QRS and QTc durations were longer and normalized after EPI-AS-ATC (151 ± 15 vs. 102 ± 13 ms, P &lt; 0.001; 454 ± 40 vs. 421 ± 27 ms, P &lt; 0.000). Baseline QRS amplitude was lower and increased at late FU (0.63 ± 0.26 vs. 0.84 ± 13 ms, P &lt; 0.000), while Terminal-QRS amplitude decreased (0.24 ± 0.07 vs. 0.08 ± 0.03 ms, P &lt; 0.000). At baseline, CineECG depolarization/repolarization wavefront prevalently localized in RV/RVOT (Terminal-QRS, 57%; ST-Tpeak, 100%; and Tpeak-Tend, 61%), congruent with the AS area on epi-PDM. Early after EPI-AS-RFA, RV/RVOT localization during depolarization disappeared, as Terminal-QRS prevalently localized in the left ventricle (LV, 76%), while repolarization still localized on RV/RVOT [ST-Tpeak (44%) and Tpeak-Tend (98%)]. At late FU, depolarization/repolarization forces prevalently localized in the LV (Terminal-QRS, 94%; ST-Tpeak, 63%; Tpeak-Tend, 86%), like normal controls.

Conclusion
CineECG and 12-lead ECG showed a complex temporo-spatial perturbation of both depolarization and repolarization in BrS patients, prevalently localized in RV/RVOT, progressively normalizing after epicardial ablation.
High parasite virulence necessary for the maintenance of host outcrossing via parasite-mediated selection
Authors: Slowinski Samuel P , Cho JaeHoon , Penley McKenna J , Alexander Laura W , Greenberg Arielle B , Namburar Sathvik R , Morran Levi T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Biparental sex is widespread in nature, yet costly relative to uniparental reproduction. It is generally unclear why self-fertilizing or asexual lineages do not readily invade outcrossing populations. The Red Queen hypothesis predicts that coevolving parasites can prevent self-fertilizing or asexual lineages from invading outcrossing host populations. However, only highly virulent parasites are predicted to maintain outcrossing, which may limit the general applicability of the Red Queen hypothesis. Here, we tested whether the ability of coevolving parasites to prevent invasion of self-fertilization within outcrossing host populations was dependent on parasite virulence. We introduced wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites, capable of both self-fertilization and outcrossing, into C. elegans populations fixed for a mutant allele conferring obligate outcrossing. Replicate C. elegans populations were exposed for 24 host generations to one of four strains of Serratia marcescens parasites that varied in virulence, under three treatments: a heat-killed (control, noninfectious) parasite treatment, a fixed-genotype (nonevolving) parasite treatment, and a copassaged (potentially coevolving) parasite treatment. As predicted, self-fertilization invaded C. elegans host populations in the control and fixed-parasite treatments, regardless of parasite virulence. In the copassaged treatment, selfing invaded host populations coevolving with low- to mid-virulence strains, but remained rare in hosts coevolving with highly virulent bacterial strains. Therefore, we found that only highly virulent coevolving parasites can impede the invasion of selfing.
Immunogenicity evaluation of a novel virus-like particle vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c
Authors: Bahramali Golnaz , Mashhadi Abolghasem Shirazi Maryam , Hannan Mina , Aghasadeghi Mohammad Reza , Khosravy Mohammad Sadeq , Arjmand Sina , Sadat Seyed Mehdi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed deployment of an effective vaccine as a worldwide health priority. The new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have also brought serious concerns due to virus eradiation hesitancy. In this study, we evaluated the protective immune system activity of a recombinant viral vector-based vaccine candidate encoding a fusion spike, membrane and nucleocapsid proteins, Spike (528–1273aa)-M-N, in BALB/c via two different routes of delivery, intranasal and subcutaneous. The immune responses were then assessed through specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, interleukin and granzyme B secretion. The outcomes showed that the IgG titer and IgA secretion was higher in intranasal route in comparison with the subcutaneous, and what is more, a higher titer of IL-4 was detected through the intranasal route, whereas IFN-γ was highly induced via the subcutaneous route. The cytotoxic cell activities were mostly achieved via subcutaneous route immunization. Vaccination with the target antigen is immunogenic and led to induction of specific antibodies. Both humoral and cellular immunity arms were well activated in immunized mice, especially through intranasal route with detectable IgA and IgG. Therefore, implication of the platform as a potential vaccine candidate has potential as a future prophylactic vaccine that guarantees further investigations for the assessment of its immunogenicity in humans.