bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the ocular surface enzymes in healthy subjects
Authors: Arslan Murat Akkurt , Kessal Karima , Baudouin Christophe , Brignole‐Baudouin Françoise 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to pool identified enzymes from numerous comprehensive open‐access proteomic studies to profile and classify detected enzymes on the ocular surface (OS).Methods: Data were taken from studies that analysed tear samples of healthy subjects either collected by capillary tubes (CT (tears), n = 5) or Schirmer strips (ScS, n = 5). Enzymes were mapped using UniProt ‘enzyme class’ (EC) and Panther software. Functional analysis was done using Metascape.Results: In total, 1010 enzymes were identified from all studies which are classified as oxidoreductases (EC1, 13.4%), transferases (EC2–30.3%), hydrolases (EC 3–42.3%), lyases (EC 4–4.3%), isomerases (EC5–4.1%), ligases (EC6–4.1%), translocases (EC 7–1.4%). More isomerases (5% vs. 3.4%) and ligases (4.7% vs. 4.1%) could be identified in ScS samples. Isomerases formed 5.6% of specific enzymes detected only in ScS while no specific isomerase was found in tears. Antioxidant and antimicrobial enzymes, EC1 class, were formed by dehydrogenases 36.2%, reductases 23.3%, oxidoreductases 18.1%, peroxidases 10.3%, oxygenases 7.8% and oxidases 4.3%. Alcohol oxidoreductases (EC1.1) were the most represented subgroup of EC1 with 46 enzymes (34.3%). Of all enzymes EC2.7 (phosphotransferases), EC3.1 (esterases) and EC3.4 (peptidases) were the most represented subclasses with 156, 151, 172 enzymes, respectively. The metabolic process of carbohydrate (14.7%), nucleobase‐containing small molecule (15.6%), cellular amide (14.7%) and carbohydrate derivative biosynthetic process (12%) were the most representative biological processes of all identified enzymes. Neutrophil degranulation, carbon and amino acid metabolism were the main pathways respectively that these enzymes are involved.Conclusions: Open‐access proteomic studies enable the pooling of all detected proteins and enzymes to have a great quantity of data. OS harbours hundreds of enzymes, which are involved in the homeostasis and defence mechanisms of OS. Enzymes could be attractive targets for novel treatments in OS pathologies due to their druggability property.
New model of complete retinal degeneration: A good tool for therapeutic essays?
Authors: Paleo Víctor , Milla Santiago , Germain Francisco , de la Villa Pedro 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To characterize a mouse model of complete blindness after induction of retinal degeneration based on the degenerative capacity of NaIO3 on cell photoreceptors, rods and cones, and to test the effect of new pharmacological tools.Methods: Two doses of NaIO3 (40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected into a series of C57BL/6J mice with a mutation in the Opn4−/− gene. The effect of NaIO3 on the retina was assessed at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the injection by means of visual behavioural test, electroretinogram (ERG) recordings and immunohistochemical staining. To further assert the model's effectiveness, new optopharmacological agents were tested on the developed model, followed by visual testing.Results: Both doses of the degenerative agent induced a gradual reduction of the visual capacities of the animals. The different components of the ERG waves showed a marked decrease in their amplitude throughout the 28 days of the experiment, with the 60 mg/kg dose provoking a more pronounced functional loss. Similar results were observed in the behavioural tests, in which the animals' visual sensitivity, visual acuity, photomotor capacity were highly decreased. Same tests were performed under the effect of new optopharmacological therapies. Our results demonstrate not only the model's effectiveness, but also the usefulness of the new therapy for vision recover.Conclusions: NaIO3 induced murine model of retinal degeneration seems to be a good model for testing new pharmacological approaches to retinal diseases. Assessment of retinal function by electrophysiological tests, visual animal behaviour and retinal histology seem to be basic and reliable techniques for the evaluation of drug effect on this new animal model.
Uveitis in the elderly: Clinical and demographic characteristics
Authors: El Mayel Amina , Amor Hager Ben , Romdhane Marwa , Aoun Hichem , Attia Sonia , Khairallah Moncef 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe clinical characteristics and etiological profile of uveitis presenting for the first time in the elderly and explain its therapeutic challenges and evolutive particularities.Methods: Retrospective review of 170 patients in the department of ophthalmology in Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, in the period between January 2007 and January 2021.Results: During the study, 221 eyes of 170 patients were affected by uveitis. The mean age was 59.32 ± 7.32 years and a female gender predominance was registered (61.1% were women). The most prevalent anatomical pattern was anterior uveitis (45/170; 26.4%) followed by panuveitis (33.5%). According to laterality, bilateral involvement (53.6%) was more registered. The majority of cases were chronic (67.2%), acute cases occurred in 31.7%, the rest of the cases (10%) were recurrent. Idiopathic uveitis was diagnosed in 21 cases (12.3%). A definitive or presumed specific aetiology was determined in most of our cases (87.7%), the most common specific aetiology in our case series was sarcoidosis (15.2%) followed by ocular Tuberculosis (12.9%), Herpes simplex virus anterior uveitis (10.5%), and chronic recurrent Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease (9.4%). An Infectious aetiology was established in 39.4% of the cases and noninfectious systemic autoimmune causes accounted for 24.1%. 53 eyes (16.2%) of 33 patients (19.4%) presented complications during the studied period. The most common ocular complication was uveitic cataract occurring in 38% of the cases.Conclusions: Epidemiological characteristics of uveitis in the elderly population is different from other age categories, which should influence the diagnostic approach in these patients.
The effect of chlorhexidine, povidone‐iodine and betadine antiseptic eye drops on cultured human conjunctival goblet cell survival
Authors: Hadad Rubin 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To compare the effect of ocular antiseptic treatment in terms of 0.05% aqueous chlorhexidine, 5% povidone‐iodine (PI) and 5% betadine on cell viability and mucin secretion of primary cultured human goblet cells.Methods: Cell viability of primary cultured human goblet cells was analysed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tetrazolium dye (MTT) colorimetric assays. Expression of mucin was visualized by immunohistochemical staining of MUC5AC.Results: According to the LDH assay, PI and betadine significantly reduced goblet cell survival compared to controls (mean cell survival 23% ± 6 and 23% ± 7, respectively) (p < 0.05), whereas chlorhexidine (mean cell survival 78 ± 17) did not significantly affect goblet cell viability. Similar results were obtained from the MTT assay, where PI and betadine caused a significant loss of goblet cells (mean cell survival 26% ± 12 and 26% ± 13, respectively) (p < 0.05), and chlorhexidine caused a non‐significant loss of goblet cells compared to controls (mean cell survival 79% ± 8).Conclusions: PI and betadine, the most used antiseptic treatments prior to ocular surgery, are significantly more cytotoxic on conjunctival goblet cells compared to chlorhexidine.
Ocular manifestations in Arnold Chiari syndrome
Authors: Choura Racem , Sayadi Jihene , Gouider dhouha , Mekni Manel , Raihan Haythem , Aidi Nourhene , Zeghal Imene , Malek Ines , Nacef Leila 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Arnold‐Chiari disease is a rare congenital malformation of the cerebellum. Symptoms are dominated by occipital headache, torticollis, and sometimes swallowing disorders. Regarding ophthalmological manifestations, convergence abnormalities, oculomotor paralysis and diplopia are the main clinical signs. We report two cases of ocular manifestations in Arnold Chiari type 1 syndrome.Methods: Two case reports and a literature review.Results:Case 1: A 40‐year‐old patient with no medical history presented an acute loss of vision in both eyes. On examination, the patient had a visual acuity limited to 5/63. Biomicroscopic examination of the anterior segment was without abnormalities. Fundus examination revealed a bilateral papillary edema. Visual field test showed a borderline diffuse loss in both eyes.Case 2: A 17‐year‐old patient with no medical history presented intermittent headaches and a progressive loss of vision in both eyes. On examination, the patient had a visual acuity limited to 5/80. Biomicroscopic examination of the anterior segment was without abnormalities. Fundus examination revealed atrophy not excavated in both eyes. Visual field test showed nasal and temporal scotomas in both eyes. Temporal, superior and inferior RNFL defects were detected in both eyes. A brain MRI revealed a Chiari type 1 malformation without associated hydrocephalus in both patients.Conclusions: Arnold Chiari type 1 malformation is an uncommon pathology. The discovery of ophthalmologic signs requires a neurosurgical intervention as soon as possible to stop progression towards the loss of visual function by optic atrophy.
Autophagy modulation in organotypic retinal cultures exposed to high glucose
Authors: Adornetto Annagrazia , Laganà Maria Luisa , Satriano Andrea , Bagetta Giacinto , Russo Rossella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus and a leading cause of vision loss among working‐age population in industrialized countries (1, 2). DR has long been considered a microvascular disease (3). However, more recently, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation emerged as important determinants in the pathogenesis and evolution of the pathology (4). Autophagy, the main catabolic pathway involved in the degradation and recycling of damaged organelles and macromolecules, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of retina neurodegenerative diseases (5). Here we studied the changes occurring in ex‐vivo cultured retinas under normal and high glucose conditions and focused on the autophagy pathway.Methods: Organotypic retinal culture from C57BL/6J mice were exposed to normal (15 mM) (NG) or high (50 mM) glucose (HG) for 7 days. Neuronal survival and glial activation were studied by immunofluorescence with cell subtype specific antibodies. Protein or mRNA levels of autophagy‐related proteins (LC3, p62, Atg5‐12) and inflammatory markers (GFAP, IL‐1β and IL‐6) were studied by western blotting or quantitative PCR.Results: Loss of the neuronal components and reduction of glial reactivity were observed in the retina maintained in NG for 7 days. These cellular changes were only slightly affected by exposure to HG. However, under these conditions an upregulation of inflammatory related proteins and significant changes in the autophagic flux were reported.Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that autophagy is modulated in organotypic retinal cultures exposed to HG although further experiments are needed to define its pathological role.References.1. Seewoodhary M. Nurs Stand(2021; 30 36: 71–76.2. Prokofyeva E and Zrenner E. Ophthalmic Res 2012; 7 47: 171–188.3. Cheung CY et al. Diabetologia 2017; 60: 1770–1781.4. Kadłubowska J et al. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14: 831–839.5. Adornetto A et al. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 4;8: 121.This work is supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research: PRIN 2017 protocol number “2017TSHBXZ_002.”
Cataract management in a patient with nanophthalmos
Authors: Moscarda Eva Josefina Núñez , de Rivas Marta Orejudo , Arias Pablo Cisneros , Rivases Guillermo Pérez , El Bakkali Ismael Bakkali , Martinez Marta Suñer , Claveria Julia Aramburu , Fernandez Miguel Castillo , Sayas Maria Angeles Del Buey 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To describe the clinical characteristics, the surgical management and the evolution after cataract surgery in a patient with nanophthalmos.Methods: We present the case of a 57‐year‐old woman with a progressive decrease in visual acuity referred for evaluation of a cataract intervention. As history, he presented high hyperopia [Right Eye (OD): +15.50; Left Eye (OS): +16.25], not corrected with glasses in childhood; episode of pupillary block 3 years ago treated with iridotomies in OD and chronic treatment with topical prostaglandin in both eyes. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is 20/50 in both eyes. Slit‐lamp examination revealed very narrow anterior chambers, patent iridotomies, iridocrystalline synechiae, and advanced nuclear cataracts. Intraocular pressure is 21 mmHg in both eyes with latanoprost. Biometry reveals an axial length of 16.59 mm in OD and 16.60 mm in OS. A cataract was diagnosed in patient with bilateral nanophthalmos and it was decided to intervene in the OD. In surgery, 2 lamellar scleral incisions were made followed by suturing of the overlying conjunctiva and phacoemulsification with a 40D intraocular lens implant in the posterior chamber. Systemic corticosteroids were administered postoperatively.Results: Postoperative complications observed were: posterior synechiae and anterior capsule phimosis that required Nd‐YAG laser capsulotomy. Despite the good evolution, no improvement was obtained in visual acuity with respect to pre‐surgical values, and the patient currently has a BCVA of 20/50.Conclusions: Eyes with nanophthalmos require the recognition of cardinal signs of paramount importance for their diagnosis, as well as follow‐up and search for possible complications over time, and the use of extensive preoperative precautionary measures when surgical approach is necessary.
Does taurine have a role in the phagocytic function of the retinal pigment epithelium?
Authors: Vacas Ana Martínez , Di Pierdomenico Johnny , Valiente‐Soriano Francisco Javier , Picaud Serge , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Perez Maria Paz Villegas , García‐Ayuso Diego 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To study the role of taurine in the morphology and phagocytic function of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in normal and dystrophic rats.Methods: Albino Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats and pigmented dystrophic Royal College of Surgeons (RCS‐p+) rats that suffer a severe form of inherited photoreceptor degeneration due to RPE phagocytosis impairment, were used for this study. SD rats received β‐alanine in drinking water (3%) for 2 months from P21 to induce taurine depletion and RCS‐p + rats received taurine supplementation in drinking water (0.2 M) for 24 days from P21. Groups of untreated RCS and SD rats were used as control. SD rats were processed 2 months after the start of treatment, while RCS rats were processed at P45. Twenty‐four hours before processing, the animals received an intravitreal injection of 1.5 μl of 3% fluorogold (FG) diluted in saline 24 to label the RPE cells. Animals were processed and the RPE was dissected flat‐mounted and observed using a confocal microscope (Leica SP8).Results: In control SD animals, Fluorogold (FG) accumulates homogeneously in the cytoplasm of the RPE cells. Taurine‐depleted SD animals showed less FG accumulation in the cytoplasm in all cells and, and some cells had FG accumulation only in part of the cytoplasm or no FG accumulation at all. Untreated RCS‐p + animals showed an inverted accumulation of FG because it appeared mainly in the membrane of the RPE but not in the cytoplasm. Finally, taurine‐treated RCS‐p + animals showed FG accumulation in the cytoplasm of the RPE cells, although the accumulation of FG was smaller than that found in SD rats.Conclusions: Taurine influences the phagocytic capacity of the RPE cells. Taurine depletion impairs the phagocytic capacity of the RPE cells in healthy retinas, and taurine supplementation improves the phagocytic function of RPE cells in dystrophic RCS‐p + rats.
Unusual genotypic and phenotypic presentation in a patient with nail‐patella syndrome
Authors: Fonoll Josep Rosinés , Coronado Saray Catalán , Milla Elena 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Nail‐Patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease. It is characterized by a mutation in the gene that codes for the transcription factor LMX1B located on chromosome 9q34, essential for proper development of the musculoskeletal, renal, nervous and ocular systems. At the ophthalmological level, alterations of the anterior segment, ocular hypertension and its possible progression to glaucoma stand out.Methods: 21‐year‐old male who presents from birth short stature, reduced muscle mass, hypoplastic patella, involvement of fingernails and toenails, and progressive kidney failure. His genetic study shows an homozygous mutation in the LMX1B gene with c.376G > A (p.Glu126Lys) variant. Ophthalmologically, there are no symptoms. On examination, visual acuity is 0.9 in both eyes. Biomicroscopy shows a wide anterior chamber, bilateral gerontoxon and the presence of frayed iris. Gonioscopy shows an open angle without alterations in its structures. The intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldmann tonometer is 3 mmHg in the right eye and 4 mmHg in the left eye, which is maintained in subsequent visits. The ocular fundus reveals a physiological papilla in both eyes and no signs of glaucomatous involvement. The visual field, macular, papillary and anterior segment optical coherence tomography are compatible with normality.Conclusions: the patient presents a typical NPS but with ocular hypotension that is not clinically significant and the mutation is homozygous. The usual ocular alterations occur in the drainage structures of the aqueous humour that cause an increase in IOP to a variable degree. Although ciliary body hypoplasia with atrophy of the ciliary processes has been described in animal models, which would produce an absence or decrease in the production of aqueous humour, no human case with ocular hypotony has been described in the current literature.
Exercise‐induced changes in optic nerve and choroidal thickness
Authors: Wylegala Adam , Orzechowska‐Wylegala Boguslawa 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The influence of physical exercise on the choroidal thickness and optic nerve has been investigated repeatedly, but the results obtained have been somewhat contradictory. This study aims to explore optic nerve (ON) and choroidal changes in healthy people after high‐intensity exercise.Methods: Nine men and 11 females aged 25.25 ± 2.03 years underwent exercise on a cycloergometer. Measurements of heart rate, intraocular pressure (IOP), and blood pressure were taken before and after exercise. Choroidal thickness (CT) and ON prelaminar and retrolaminar dimensions were measured using high‐resolution B‐scan ultrasound (Absolu, Quantel, Cournon d'Auvergne., France).Results: There was a significant increase in HR (74.40 ± 9.06 vs. 172.00 ± 8.35; p < 0.01), systolic (125.95 ± 9.37 vs. 153.60 ± 14.95; p < 0.01), and diastolic pressure after exercise (74.70 ± 8.77 vs. 81.60 ± 9.51; p = 0.03). At the same time, IOP decreased after the exercise (14.85 ± 1.98 vs. 13.35 ± 1.63). The diameter of the ON measured prelaminar was significantly decreased before and after the exercise (3.85 ± 0.23 to 3.75 ± 0.28 mm) p < 0.01. However, there was no significant difference in the mean CT nor retrolaminar dimensions of the ON before and after the exertion. No changes were observed in the measured parameters by B‐scan except for prelaminar ON.Conclusions: We demonstrated no changes in CT while preliminary ON significantly changed its diameter. Our results add to the growing evidence suggesting that different blood supply can impact the changes seen after exercises.
Correlation between standard automated Perimetry, short wavelength Perimetry, and optic coherence tomography parameters in ADOA patients
Authors: Lombardo Marco , Di Marco Ernesto , Aiello Francesco , Mancino Raffaele , Nucci Carlo , Cesareo Massimo 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess the correlation between white‐on‐white standard automated perimetry (SAP), short‐wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) parameters of patients with Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy (ADOA) genetically confirmed by the presence of the OPA1 gene mutation.Methods: In this observational, cross‐sectional study 25 eyes of 13 patients with a genetic diagnosis of ADOA were included. All participants performed 24‐2C SAP and 24‐2C SWAP in a randomized order. They also underwent a “Posterior Pole” and “peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL)” scanning protocol using SD‐OCT. The thickness of the ETDRS sectors of each retinal layer and pRNFL was obtained and measured. Mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD), and fovea sensitivity values were obtained from SAP and SWAP. Correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the mean thickness of each retinal layer and visual field parameters.Results: A moderate correlation was found between SAP MD and RPE thickness on the ETDRS grid. A moderate correlation was found between SWAP MD and whole retina, INL, ORL thicknesses on the ETDRS grid. A strong correlation was found between SWAP PSD and whole retina, GCL, IPL, INL, IRL thicknesses on the ETDRS grid. A strong correlation was also found between SWAP PSD and the temporal sector and PMB values on pRNFL. A strong correlation was found between SAP fovea sensitivity and GCL thickness on the ETDRS grid. A strong correlation was also found between SAP fovea sensitivity and the global pRNFL value.Conclusions: Both SAP and SWAP parameters can provide relevant clinical information on retinal involvement in ADOA patients. The most important function parameters that seem to correlate better with structure involvement were PSD on SWAP and foveal sensitivity on SAP.
Initial experience of Preserflo microshunt surgery at a district general hospital in the UK
Authors: Casey Thomas Hickman , Casey Julian Hickman 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Preserflo Microshunt surgery is a new surgical procedure in the management of glaucoma. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Preserflo Microshunt surgery throughout the first 6 months postoperatively, by comparing intraocular pressure (IOP), number of drop agents pre and post operatively and any registered complications.Methods: A case series of 30 patients with primary open angle glaucoma underwent Preserflo Microshunt surgery at a District General Hospital in the UK. Surgical technique included scleral application of Mitomycin C 0.4 mg/mL for 3 minutes prior to microshunt insertion. Patients had their intra ocular pressure recorded pre operatively, day 1, week 2, month 2 and after 6 months. The number of therapeutic agents in their glaucoma drops was also compared pre‐operatively and after 6 months.Results: Mean IOP was reduced form 17.4 mmHg at baseline to 8.9 mmHg at 2 months and 11.6 mmHg at 6 months. The mean number of drug agents reduced from 2.25 to 0.07, and a total of 28 out of 30 (93.3%) remained drop free at 6 months. There were three cases where patients required needling of the bleb, two subsequently required repositioning of the shunt, and an IOP spike at day one post operatively in one case.Conclusions: Early results for Preserflo Microshunt surgery show sustained reduction in IOP at 6 months, with the majority of patients requiring no glaucoma drops postoperatively. The surgery has been well tolerated by patients with less intense follow up compared to a traditional trabeculectomy and low complication rates.