bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient Catalysis for Zinc–Air Batteries by Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes‐Crosslinked Carbon Dodecahedra Embedded with Co–Fe Nanoparticles
Authors: Shi Haiyang , Zhang Lei , Huang Xinhua , Kong Qingquan , Abdukayum Abdukader , Zhou Yingtang , Cheng Guoyou , Gao Sanshuang , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe design and fabrication of nanocatalysts with high accessibility and sintering resistance remain significant challenges in heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Herein, a novel catalyst is introduced that combines electronic pumping with alloy crystal facet engineering. At the nanoscale, the electronic pump leverages the chemical potential difference to drive electron migration from one region to another, separating and transferring electron‐hole pairs. This mechanism accelerates the reaction kinetics and improves the reaction rate. The interface electronic structure optimization enables the CoFe/carbon nanotube (CNT) catalyst to exhibit outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Specifically, this catalyst achieves an ORR half‐wave potential (E₁/₂) of 0.895 V, outperforming standard Pt/C and RuO₂ electrocatalysts in terms of both specific activity and stability. It also demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance for OER, with an overpotential of only 287 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻2. Theoretical calculations reveal that the carefully designed crystal facets reduce the energy barrier of the rate‐determining steps for both ORR and OER, optimizing O₂ adsorption and promoting the oxygen capture process. This study highlights the potential of developing cost‐effective bifunctional ORR–OER electrocatalysts, offering a promising strategy for advancing Zn–air battery technology.
Amorphous/Crystalline Urchin‐Like TiO2 SERS Platform for Selective Recognition and Efficient Identification of Glutathione
Authors: Song Xiaoyu , Xu Lei , Li Longsong , Meng Xiangyu , Wang Yuening , Qiu Lin , Hu Yue , Zhang Mingjian , Xiang Lingchao , Xi Guangcheng , Wu Aiguo , Wang Xiaotian , Lin Jie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractGlutathione serves as a common biomarkers in tumor diagnosis and treatment. The levels of its intracellular concentration permit detailed investigation of the tumor microenvironment. However, low polarization and weak Raman scattering cross‐section make direct and indirect Raman detection challenging. This study designs an amorphous‐crystalline urchin‐like TiO2 (AC‐UL‐TiO2) for the accurate identification of GSH and GSSG. By synergistically regulating the crystalline core and amorphous shell, the bandgap structure is optimized, thereby enhancing charge transfer efficiency. AC‐UL‐TiO2 demonstrates excellent SERS performance in detecting dye molecules with good selectivity for mixed analytes. The enhancement factor (EF) for R6G is 6.89 × 106, and the limit of detection (LOD) is 10−10 M. A SERS‐colorimetric dual‐modality platform is developed based on the AC‐UL‐TiO2@DTNB system to accurately monitor GSH concentrations from 0 to 1000 µM, providing a robust dual‐confirmation result. Importantly, combined with the principal component analysis method, the AC‐UL‐TiO2 SERS platform can directly distinguish GSH and GSSG molecules. Besides, direct SERS detection LOD for GSH and GSSG are 10−8 M, which is 100 times higher than that of indirect detection. These findings indicate that AC‐UL‐TiO2 holds potential for biomarkers trace detection in tumor microenvironments.
Weakening Pd─O Bonds by an Amorphous Pd Layer to Promote Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Lian Ying , Yuan Weiyong , Lu Jinghao , He Maoxia , Guo Chun Xian , Cao Haijie , Li Chang Ming , Zhao Xiu Song 
Published: January 2025

AbstractConstruction of core–shell structured electrocatalysts with a thin noble metal shell is an effective strategy for lowering the usage of the noble metal and improving electrocatalytic properties because of the structure‐induced geometric and electronic effects. Here, the synthesis of a novel core–shell structured nanocatalyst consisting of a thin amorphous Pd shell and a crystalline PdCu core and its significantly improved electrocatalytic properties for both formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions are shown. The electrocatalyst exhibits 4.1 times higher catalytic peak current density and better stability in the formic acid oxidation compared to both a PdCu nanoalloy catalyst and a Commercial Pd–C catalyst. An excellent electrocatalytic performance of the core–shell nanocatalyst is also observed in the oxygen reduction reaction. Computational calculation results reveal that tuning of the electronic state of Pd by the amorphous shell and the Cu in the PdCu core weaken the binding strength of surface Pd─O bonds, leading to a bond elongation to facilitate bond breaking. As a result, the electrocatalytic activity in both formic acid oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions is enhanced.
Efficient Extraction of Phenols from Coal Tar and Preparation of Phenolic Resin‐Based Porous Carbon for Advanced Supercapacitor Application
Authors: Xia Jianchao , Wang Tao , Guo Jia , Jia Dianzeng , Wu Dongling 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDeveloping simple and efficient extraction methods for phenolic substances from coal tar, which facilitate their direct transformation into high‐performance electrode materials, holds considerable practical significance. In this study, amide‐zinc chloride deep eutectic solvents are employed for efficient phenol extraction. The optimal phenol extraction process is subsequently investigated, and it is found that the robust hydrogen bonding interactions between solvents and phenols significantly enhance extraction efficiency. Notably, without the need for back‐extraction, formaldehyde and tetraethyl orthosilicate are added to obtain phenolic resin, which can subsequently be directly carbonized to fabricate hydrangea‐like porous carbon. The carbonization mechanism of the phenolic resin is studied, and the templating and activating roles of tetraethyl orthosilicate and zinc chloride assist in the formation of this unique structure. Furthermore, the flexible supercapacitor assembled using the prepared porous carbon and gel electrolyte achieves a high energy density of 31.0 Wh kg−1 and demonstrates broad temperature applicability ranging from −25 to 100 °C. This work directly converts the extracted phenolic compounds into phenolic resin and shows potential for fabricating porous carbon materials with diverse structures and enhanced capacitive performance.
A pH/GSH Dual‐Responsive Triple Synergistic Bimetallic Nanocatalyst for Enhanced Tumor Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Lu , Shen Huan , Liu Tingting , Li Bin , Chen Xi , Wang Hong , He Chenyang , Liu Yang , Cao Gang , Yu Shuo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractChemodynamic therapy (CDT) has garnered significant attention in the field of tumor therapy due to its ability to convert overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumors into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (•OH) through metal ion‐mediated catalysis. However, the effectiveness of CDT is hindered by low catalyst efficiency, insufficient intra‐tumor H2O2 level, and excessive glutathione (GSH). In this study, a pH/GSH dual responsive bimetallic nanocatalytic system (CuFeMOF@GOx@Mem) is developed by modifying red blood cell membranes onto glucose oxidase (GOx)‐loaded Fe‐Cu bimetallic MOFs, enhancing the efficacy of CDT through a triple‐enhanced way by H2O2 self‐supply, catalysts self‐cycling, and GSH self‐elimination. Upon accumulation in tumor tissues facilitated by the red blood cell membrane, the GOx initiates a reaction with glucose to generate H2O2 and gluconic acid in situ. Subsequently, the reduced pH triggers the release of Fe3+ and Cu2+ from CuFeMOF@GOx@Mem, which is immediately turned into Fe2+ and Cu+ by GSH, activating the Fe2+‐mediated Fenton reaction. More importantly, Cu+ can also act as an accelerator of Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion, meanwhile, the generated Cu2+ can be further reduced to Cu+ by GSH. Consequently, sustained accumulation of H2O2 and Fe2+ as well as sustained elimination of GSH are achieved simultaneously, providing a unique approach for improving the anti‐tumor ability of CDT.
AIE‐Active Antibacterial Photosensitizer Disrupting Bacterial Structure: Multicenter Validation against Drug‐Resistant Pathogens
Authors: Zhong Guanqing , Deng Shuangling , Hong Yunyun , Zhou Fang , Liang Dawei , Lin Yiling , Yang Lin , Guan Yajuan , Pan Chunqiu , Yan Lizhi , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a global challenge in treating bacterial infections, creating an urgent need for broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agents that can effectively combat multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria. Despite advancements in novel antimicrobial agents, many fail to comprehensively cover common resistant bacterial strains or undergo rigorous multi‐center validation. Herein, a cationic AIE‐active photosensitizers are developed, ITPM, derived from a triphenylamine‐pyridine backbone to address the MDR challenge. Rigorous validation demonstrates that ITPM possesses superior fluorescence imaging capabilities and exceptional antibacterial efficacy. And its broad‐spectrum activity is verified through a multi‐center study involving six clinically relevant MDR strains. Additionally, resistance development studies and comparisons with advanced clinical antibiotics reveal that ITPM exhibits potent, broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimal resistance development. This efficacy is attributed to its unique antibacterial mechanism involving disrupting bacterial internal structures. These findings establish ITPM as a promising candidate for broad‐spectrum antimicrobial therapy, offering a potential solution to the growing crisis of AMR in clinical settings.
Beyond Leveraging Institutional Data for Student Success: Challenging Whiteness in Institutional Research Practice and Strategies
Authors: Tennessen Nicole F. , Irwin Lauren N. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis chapter uses critical perspectives on whiteness to critique higher education's institutional research practice. After briefly describing institutional research, we summarize scholarship about autonomy, ethics, and predictive analytics to illustrate how existing guidance and beliefs about institutional research often dehumanize students by neglecting critical considerations of oppressive systems, including racism. Universities collect and use data to shape students’ lives and experiences, yet without consideration of oppressive systems, existing guidelines, and scholarly recommendations often reinforce dehumanizing perspectives that maintain racialized inequities. This chapter contributes to ethics, privacy, and autonomy considerations by reframing assumptions about institutional data with critical attention to whiteness.
Intracardiac lymphoma in a cat: Diagnosis and response to chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Lappalainen Marianne , Luis Fuentes Virginia , Sargent Julia , Desmas‐Bazelle Isabelle 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA three‐year‐old female cat presented for further investigations for pleural effusion following a short period of weight loss, lethargy and hyporexia. A computed tomography scan and echocardiography showed a right atrial wall mass, of which cytology was consistent with lymphoma. The heart was the sole organ infiltrated based upon extensive staging confirming a primary cardiac lymphoma. The cat was started on a multidrug chemotherapy protocol and achieved complete remission with a good quality of life prior to relapsing of her lymphoma in the kidneys and intestine. She died shortly after relapse, 5 months following diagnosis, with no response to the rescue chemotherapy.
Introduction
Authors: Funke Carolin , Dijkzeul Dennis 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe introduction highlights the challenges faced by persons with disabilities during humanitarian crises and the frequent neglect of their needs and abilities. It also addresses the main international norms established to support them. Following this, the introduction discusses the importance of examining the development of disability norms at different levels of global governance. It then presents the book’s central research question and main argument, and concludes with an outline of the book’s contents.
Deus Sive Natura
Authors: Pelizzon Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe previous chapter has introduced an enlarged definition of anthropocentrism as a heuristic device against which the emergence of an ecological jurisprudence will be cast. Anthropocentrism thus construed refers to the belief that modern human beings are located—in an ontological, and, or, in an ethical sense—at the centre of the cosmos and at the pinnacle of progress and evolution.
Relationality, Reciprocity and Responsibility
Authors: Pelizzon Alessandro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe previous chapter has shown that human legal and regulatory regimes in relation to the environment have been profoundly influenced by the emergence of ecological thought over the past decades, leading to a wide range of constitutional, statutory, judicial and political provisions and initiatives that challenge the anthropocentric worldview that underpins the current environmental predicament. However, while different theoretical standpoints and distinct initiatives display different ontological and axiological premises, no actual constitutional, legislated, judicial, or even civil society-driven initiative has rejected an anthropocentric worldview in toto.
GOHI Dashboard
Authors: Zhou Xiao-Nong , Guo Xiaokui , Zhang Xiaoxi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe global One Health index (GOHI) assesses One Health approaches across human, animal, and environmental sectors. Significant disparities in GOHI performance exist worldwide, with the United States achieving the highest score (70.61) and Guinea-Bissau the lowest (39.03). Overall, the global average score stands at 54.82, suggesting considerable room for improvement in One Health practice. Notably, income levels correlate with One Health performance, with high-income regions like North America, Europe, and East Asia achieving better scores than low-income regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. Despite variations, no country reached the optimal score in all indicators of core drivers index. The study further emphasizes the importance of international cooperation, especially between high- and low-income countries, to enhance One Health outcomes. The pandemic has highlighted the significance of global collaboration in tackling health crises. Moreover, there is an evident need to bolster data capacity at a global level, ensuring transparency and comprehensive data coverage, particularly in animal and environmental health sectors. Lastly, a more unified and consolidated governance structure for One Health is recommended, underscoring the urgency of translating One Health policies into actionable strategies across different levels of governance.
A concept-aware explainability method for convolutional neural networks
Authors: Gurkan Mustafa Kagan , Arica Nafiz , Yarman Vural Fatos T. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlthough Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) outperform the classical models in a wide range of Machine Vision applications, their restricted interpretability and their lack of comprehensibility in reasoning, generate many problems such as security, reliability, and safety. Consequently, there is a growing need for research to improve explainability and address their limitations. In this paper, we propose a concept-based method, called Concept-Aware Explainability (CAE) to provide a verbal explanation for the predictions of pre-trained CNN models. A new measure, called detection score mean, is introduced to quantify the relationship between the filters of the model and a set of pre-defined concepts. Based on the detection score mean values, we define sorted lists of Concept-Aware Filters (CAF) and Filter-Activating Concepts (FAC). These lists are used to generate explainability reports, where we can explain, analyze, and compare models in terms of the concepts embedded in the image. The proposed explainability method is compared to the state-of-the-art methods to explain Resnet18 and VGG16 models, pre-trained on ImageNet and Places365-Standard datasets. Two popular metrics, namely, the number of unique detectors and the number of detecting filters, are used to make a quantitative comparison. Superior performances are observed for the suggested CAE, when compared to Network Dissection (NetDis) (Bau et al., in: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), 2017), Net2Vec (Fong and Vedaldi, in: Paper presented at IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), 2018), and CLIP-Dissect (CLIP-Dis) (Oikarinen and Weng, in: The 11th international conference on learning representations (ICLR), 2023) methods.
The EU’s comparative advantage in the “clean-energy arms race”
Authors: Dahlström Petter , Lööf Hans , Sjöholm Fredrik , Stephan Andreas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe net-zero agreement on carbon emission from Paris 2015 gives a key role to fossil-free energy technologies with an expected multiple growth rate over the coming decades, when successively replacing oil, coal, and gas. In this paper, we examine the EU’s comparative advantage in the evolving trade war in clean-energy and show that the EU excels in developing strategic net-zero technologies, but often falls short in manufacturing the final products. The EU’s Net-Zero Industry Act aims to encourage investments in the production of strategic energy products and increase self-sufficiency to meet 40% of low-carbon technology needs by 2030. However, this may not fully address long-term challenges relating to growth, job creation, decarbonization, and geopolitical resilience. Supporting innovative producers could be a more effective policy to capitalize on the EU’s competitive advantage in the clean- energy sector.
The KFLQ revisited: estimating regional input–output tables for regions in South Korea
Authors: Tohmo Timo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOur study utilizes survey-based data from 17 regions in South Korea to analyze the KFLQ formula to estimate regional input–output tables. This article builds on the work of Kwon and Choi (Ann Reg Sci 72: 561–578, 2023), who proposed an interesting variant of the FLQ by letting the CILQ adjustment in the FLQ method in situations where SLQi < 1 and SLQj < 1. The main aim of our study is to analyze Kwon and Choi’s KFLQ formula to generate regional input–output tables for South Korea 2015 and test the accuracy of the estimates it produces. As a consequence, we compare regionalized KFLQ estimates with survey-based regional input–output tables and test the accuracy of these estimates using different statistics.
Characterizing the transition between regular and Mach reflections induced by a shock wave–boundary layer interaction
Authors: Scharnowski S. , Baidya R. , Kähler C. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractVelocity field measurements by means of PIV are used in this work to characterize the flow in a shock wave–boundary layer interaction. For a free-stream Mach number of $$M_\infty =2.56$$

M
∞

=
2.56

, the flow over a flat plate model is deflected by a $$16^\circ $$

16
∘

wedge. For these flow conditions, an unsteady dual-state solution is observed where the shock switches between a regular reflection and a Mach reflection. This non-periodic mode switching is atypical for a shock wave–boundary layer interaction and causes significant changes in the flow field. The PIV measurements enable the Mach number and the flow direction to be determined from the measured velocity. In this way, both the position of the shocks and the flow deflection across the shocks can be reliably identified. Our analysis shows that regular reflection rarely occurs and that Mach reflection with varying Mach stem height is present for about $$85\%$$

85
%

of the measurement time. We provide evidence here that the transition to regular reflection is related to a temporarily thickening of the boundary layer ahead of the shock interaction, which is caused by the breathing of the separation bubble below the shock interaction. This phenomenon results in compression waves that alter the Mach number and flow direction in the region upstream of the shock system, enabling a momentary transition to a regular reflection.
Magnetic Flatness and E. Hopf’s Theorem for Magnetic Systems
Authors: Assenza Valerio , Marshall Reber James , Terek Ivo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Using the notion of magnetic curvature recently introduced by the first author, we extend E. Hopf’s theorem to the setting of magnetic systems. Namely, we prove that if the magnetic flow on the s-sphere bundle is without conjugate points, then the total magnetic curvature is non-positive, and vanishes if and only if the magnetic system is magnetically flat. We then prove that magnetic flatness is a rigid condition, in the sense that it only occurs when either the magnetic form is trivial and the metric is flat, or when the magnetic system is Kähler, the metric has constant negative sectional holomorphic curvature, and s equals the Mañé critical value.
The roles of vision and proprioception in spatial tuning of sensory attenuation
Authors: Fritz Clara , Bayer Manuel , Zimmermann Eckart 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
When we touch ourselves, the pressure appears weaker compared to when someone else touches us, an effect known as sensory attenuation. Sensory attenuation is spatially tuned and does only occur if the positions of the touching and the touched body-party spatially coincide. Here, we ask about the contribution of visual or proprioceptive signals to determine self-touch. By using a 3D arm model in a virtual reality environment, we dissociated the visual from the proprioceptive arm signal. When a virtual arm was visible indicating self-touch, we found that sensory attenuation generalized across different locations. When no virtual arm was visible, we found sensory attenuation to be strongest when subjects pointed to the position where they felt their arm to be located. We conclude that the spatial tuning of tactile attenuation depends on which signal determines the occurrence of self-touch. When observers can see their hand, the visual signal dominates the proprioceptive determining self-touch in a single visual snapshot. When only the proprioceptive signal is available, the positions of the touching and the touched body-part must be separately estimated and subsequently compared if they overlap in anatomical space.