bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel live attenuated duck Tembusu virus vaccine targeting N7 methyltransferase protects ducklings against pathogenic strains
Authors: Wu Xuedong , Huang Shanzhi , Wang Mingshu , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhu Dekang , Zhao Xinxin , Wu Ying , Yang Qiao , Zhang Shaqiu , Huang Juan , Ou Xumin , Zhang Ling , Liu Yunya , Yu Yanling , Gao Qun , Mao Sai , Sun Di , Tian Bin , Yin Zhongqiong , Jing Bo , Cheng Anchun , Jia Renyong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), an emerging pathogenic flavivirus, causes markedly decreased egg production in laying duck and neurological dysfunction and death in ducklings. Vaccination is currently the most effective means for prevention and control of DTMUV. In previous study, we have found that methyltransferase (MTase) defective DTMUV is attenuated and induces a higher innate immunity. However, it is not clear whether MTase-deficient DTMUV can be used as a live attenuated vaccine (LAV). In this study, we investigated the immunogenicity and immunoprotection of N7-MTase defective recombinant DTMUV K61A, K182A and E218A in ducklings. These three mutants were highly attenuated in both virulence and proliferation in ducklings but still immunogenic. Furthermore, a single-dose immunization with K61A, K182A or E218A could induce robust T cell responses and humoral immune responses, which could protect ducks from the challenge of a lethal-dose of DTMUV-CQW1. Together, this study provides an ideal strategy to design LAVs for DTMUV by targeting N7-MTase without changing the antigen composition. This attenuated strategy targeting N7-MTase may apply to other flaviviruses.
Roles of bile acids signaling in neuromodulation under physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Xing Chen , Huang Xin , Wang Dongxue , Yu Dengjun , Hou Shaojun , Cui Haoran , Song Lung 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBile acids (BA) are important physiological molecules not only mediating nutrients absorption and metabolism in peripheral tissues, but exerting neuromodulation effect in the central nerve system (CNS). The catabolism of cholesterol to BA occurs predominantly in the liver by the classical and alternative pathways, or in the brain initiated by the neuronal-specific enzyme CYP46A1 mediated pathway. Circulating BA could cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and reach the CNS through passive diffusion or BA transporters. Brain BA might trigger direct signal through activating membrane and nucleus receptors or affecting activation of neurotransmitter receptors. Peripheral BA may also provide the indirect signal to the CNS via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) dependent fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19) pathway or takeda G protein coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) dependent glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway. Under pathological conditions, alterations in BA metabolites have been discovered as potential pathogenic contributors in multiple neurological disorders. Attractively, hydrophilic ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), especially tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) can exert neuroprotective roles by attenuating neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stress, which provides promising therapeutic effects for treatment of neurological diseases. This review summarizes recent findings highlighting the metabolism, crosstalk between brain and periphery, and neurological functions of BA to elucidate the important role of BA signaling in the brain under both physiological and pathological conditions.
Two steps forward, one step back? Party competition, cooperative federalism, and transport policy reforms in Germany
Authors: Souris Antonios , Stecker Christian , Jungjohann Arne 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Transport policy has regained political relevance in Germany. The successful realization of the Verkehrswende,—the extensive transition toward sustainable transport and mobility—is central to reaching climate neutrality. In 2020, the Federal Government proposed the reform of two key ordinances that have regulated road traffic so far. The amendment was aimed at implementing several provisions at the expense of car drivers and, at the same time, in favor of cyclists and pedestrians. Due to cooperative federalism, the governments of the 16 constituent units (Länder) had to adopt the amendment in the Bundesrat, Germany’s second chamber. In the legislative process, however, the reform ultimately failed in its original scope. Using it as a particularly instructive case study, we show how and why party competition and cooperative federalism hamper comprehensive transport policy reforms in Germany.

Results
In the German political system, political interests interact within a complex web of cooperative federalism. To understand partisan encroachment on the federal decision-making processes, this paper uses a process-tracing approach. To investigate decision-making in the Bundesrat and its outcomes, the empirical analysis combines qualitative analyses of several publicly available sources. We can empirically demonstrate that political parties influenced legislative procedures. The reform failed in its original scope because the three political parties with veto power in the Bundesrat insisted on their positions and were not willing to agree on a compromise.

Conclusions
For the implementation of the Verkehrswende, the German federal system proves to be both a blessing and a curse. On one hand, the institutional design of the Bundesrat constrains extreme positions and helps promote decisions most citizens may agree with. The Länder governments and administrations can also contribute their expertise and local experience to federal legislation via the Bundesrat. On the other hand, veto powers are ubiquitous in the German system of cooperative federalism. Therefore, it is prone to blockades. The actions of the political parties in the Bundesrat have hampered the comprehensive reform of road traffic regulations that was originally envisaged. Policymaking took two steps forward toward implementing the Verkehrswende, only to immediately take one step back again.
Photodistributed Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a systematic review and proposal for a new diagnostic classification
Authors: McKinley Blake Jeffrey , Allen Mitchell Edger , Michels Nicole 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is commonly reported as a risk factor for Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). However, minimal evaluation of photo-induced SJS/TEN has been conducted. Thus, this review identifies all cases of SJS/TEN that are linked to an acute exposure of UVR and outlines the unifying characteristics of these cases. Furthermore, the theoretical pathogenesis, differential diagnoses, and proposed diagnostic criteria are defined.

Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases and websites were searched from inception to September 2021 to identify studies that met inclusion criteria. The following keywords were utilized: “Stevens-Johnson syndrome” and “toxic epidermal necrolysis” with “ultraviolet,” “photodistributed,” “photo-induced,” “photosensitivity,” and “photo.” One reviewer assessed study characteristics, with confirmation by a second. The risk of bias was assessed independently by another.

Results
Thirteen patient cases were identified, all reporting ultraviolet radiation prior to rash onset and an underlying causal drug. Case classifications included 7/13 SJS and 6/13 TEN. All cases described the rash as photodistributed with UVR exposure prior to rash onset (delay of 1–3 days) and a causal drug. 10 cases provided evidence that the photodistributed rash lacked linear demarcation (as in a sunburn) with satellite target-like lesions. No cases described a flu-like prodrome.

Discussion
Mucositis, palmar and plantar rash, a positive Nikolsky sign, and a prolonged disease course can help distinguish from photosensitive reactions, while a negative direct immunofluorescence test is important to distinguish from other photo-induced disorders.

Conclusion
Physicians should be aware that UVR may precipitate SJS/TEN in patients taking susceptible drugs. After a 24-h delay from UVR exposure, a non-distinct, photodistributed rash appears with no flu-like prodrome and progresses for at least 48 h to include vesiculobullous eruptions and mucous membrane involvement. Photodistributed SJS/TEN appears to be photo-drug-induced with a unique onset and rash presentation that should be recognized as a distinct diagnosis.
Comparison of the lower limit of normal to the fixed ratio method for the diagnosis of airflow obstruction at high altitudes: a large cross-sectional survey of subjects living between 3000–4700 m above sea level
Authors: Huang Yilin , Xing Zhenzhen , Janssens Jean-Paul , Chai Di , Liu Weiming , Wang Yuxia , Ma Yali , Tong Yaqi , Guo Yanfei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
There is no general agreement on the preferential use of a fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 vs. the lower limit of normal (LLN) of FEV1/FVC to define airflow obstruction. Determining the impact of these different cut-off levels in people living at high altitudes has not been studied. We assessed the prevalence of airflow obstruction and its clinical characteristics in residents living at high altitude using a fixed ratio and the LLN of FEV1/FVC according to Global Lung Initiative 2012 (GLI) reference values.

Methods
Using a multistage stratified sampling method, 3702 participants (aged ≥ 15 years) living at an altitude of 3000–4700 m in Tibet were included.

Results
11.4% and 7.7% of participants had airflow obstruction according to GLI-LLN and a fixed FEV1/FVC cut-off value, respectively. The participants in the FR−/LLN+ group were younger, predominantly female, more frequently exposed to household air pollution, and had a higher proportion of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test scores ≥ 10 than those in the FR−/LLN− group. They also had a significantly lower FEV1 and a higher frequency of small airway dysfunction. Compared with the participants of the FR+/LLN+ group, those in the FR−/LLN+ group showed no significant difference in the risk factors for airflow obstruction and respiratory symptoms, but had a lower prevalence of small airway dysfunction.

Conclusions
Defining airflow obstruction according to LLN, instead of using an FR, identified younger individuals with more frequent clinical symptoms of airflow obstruction and small airway dysfunction.
Dentofacial effects of miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction on prepubertal children with maxillary deficiency: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamel Ahmed Mohamed , Tarraf Nour Eldin , Fouda Ahmed Maher , Hafez Ahmad Mohammed , El-Bialy Ahmed , Wilmes Benedict 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The introduction of bone-anchored maxillary protraction eliminated the side effects of facemask in the early treatment of patients with maxillary retrusion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of miniscrew-anchored maxillary protraction (MAMP) and compare them with the growth changes in an untreated control group in growing patients with Class III malocclusion.

Methods
Forty growing patients with Class III malocclusion and retrognathic maxilla were randomly allocated into two groups: treated and control groups. In the treated group, patients were treated with full-time intermaxillary Class III elastics (C3E) anchored by a hybrid hyrax (HH) in the maxilla and a bone-supported bar in the mandible. Protraction was stopped after obtaining a positive overjet. Cephalometric radiographs were acquired before and after the treatment. Data were statistically analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis. Intergroup comparisons were also made using analysis of covariance with the readings at T0 as a covariate.

Results
Forty patients agreed to participate, and 30 of them completed the study (treated group, n = 17; control group, n = 13). The average treatment duration was 11.9 months. MAMP resulted in a significant maxillary advancement (A-VR, 4.34 mm) with significant control over the mandibular growth. No significant increase in the mandibular plane angle was found in the treated group compared with the control group. The upper and lower incisors showed significant protrusion in the treated group.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study and high attrition rate, the MAMP protocol can effectively increase maxillary forward growth with good control over the growth of the mandible antero-posteriorly and vertically.
Effects of bagasse biochar application on soil organic carbon fixation in manganese-contaminated sugarcane fields
Authors: Hu Lening , Yang Yu , Liu Xue Hui , Li SHuangli , Li Ke , Deng Hua 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
In recent years, there have been several studies on the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil by the application of biochar. However, little attention has been paid to understanding the effects and underlying mechanisms of biochar on soil carbon sequestration in manganese-contaminated farmlands. Therefore, in this study, bagasse biochar was applied to the soil in different proportions (0%, 0.5%, 2%, and 5%) and the test was conducted indoors for 100 days at a constant temperature. Soil physical and chemical properties, organic carbon mineralization, organic carbon components, and enzyme activities were analyzed in this study.

Results
In this study, when compared with the control, the application of 0.5%, 2%, and 5% bagasse biochar to the manganese-contaminated sugarcane field soil effectively reduced the cumulative CO2 emissions, i.e., decreased by 123.18 mg·kg−1, 208.28 mg·kg−1, and 287.79 mg·kg−1, respectively. Among the different treatment groups, the highest decrease in cumulative CO2 emissions was observed in the 5% bagasse biochar-treated soil when compared with the control. The application of bagasse biochar increased the soil microbial biomass carbon content by 12.72 mg·kg−1, 13.71 mg·kg−1, and 15.10 mg·kg−1, respectively when compared with the control. The soil nutrients and enzyme activities significantly increased with the increase in biochar application amount.

Conclusions
The application of bagasse biochar to manganese-contaminated sugarcane soil field effectively inhibited the mineralization of soil organic carbon, improved the carbon sequestration potential of manganese-contaminated sugarcane field soil, and provided a theoretical basis for the carbon sequestration mechanism in manganese-contaminated farmland soil.

Graphical Abstract
Recent progress of eco-friendly manufacturing process of efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kwon Nayoon , Lee Jaehee , Ko Min Jae , Kim Young Yun , Seo Jangwon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have the potential to produce solar energy at a low cost, with flexibility, and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, there are still challenges to be addressed before mass production of PSCs, such as prevention from degradation under external stresses and the uniform, large-area formation of all layers. Among them, the most challenging aspect of mass production of PSCs is creating a high-quality perovskite layer using environmentally sustainable processes that are compatible with industry standards. In this review, we briefly introduce the recent progresses upon eco-friendly perovskite solutions/antisolvents and film formation processes. The eco-friendly production methods are categorized into two: (1) employing environmentally friendly solvents for perovskite precursor ink/solution, and (2) replacing harmful, volatile antisolvents or even limiting their use during the perovskite film formation process. General considerations and criteria for each category are provided, and detailed examples are presented, specifically focused on the works have done since 2021. In addition, the importance of controlling the crystallization behavior of the perovskite layer is highlighted to develop antisolvent-free perovskite formation methods.
Graphical Abstract
Incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease among population aged 40–70 years: a population-based cohort study in the South of Iran
Authors: Rezaianzadeh Abbas , Moftakhar Leila , Seif Mozhgan , Johari Masoumeh Ghoddusi , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Dehghani Seyed Sina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and identify the risk factors of these diseases.

Methods
This prospective cohort study was performed on 9442 individuals aged 40–70 years in Kharameh, a city in the South of Iran, in 2015–2022. The subjects were followed up for 4 years. The demographic information, behavioral habits, biological parameters, and history of some diseases were examined. The density incidence of cardiovascular disease was calculated. The log-rank test was calculated to assess the cardiovascular incidence difference between men and women. Simple and multiple Cox regression with Firth's bias reduction method were used to identify the predictors of cardiovascular disease.

Results
The mean ± SD age of the participants was 51.4 ± 8.04 years, and the density incidence was estimated at 1.9 cases per 100,000 person-day. The log-rank test showed that men had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than women. The Fisher's exact test showed a statistically significant difference between the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in different age groups, education levels, diabetes, and hypertension in men and women. The results of multiple Cox regression revealed that with increasing age, the risk of developing CVDs increased. In addition, the risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in people with kidney disease (HRadj = 3.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 8.7), men (HRadj = 2.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.2), individuals with hypertension (HRadj = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1), diabetics (HRadj = 2.3, 95%c CI 1.8 to 2.9), and alcohol consumption (HRadj = 1.5, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.2).

Conclusions
In the present study, diabetes, hypertension, age, male gender, and alcohol consumption were identified as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases; three variables of diabetes, hypertension and alcohol consumption were among the modifiable risk factors, so if they were removed, the incidence of cardiovascular disease could greatly reduce. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies for appropriate interventions to remove these risk factors.
Swahili translation and cultural adaptation of the pediatric patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse events (PRO-CTCAE)
Authors: Schroeder Kristin M. , Rizzieri Tyler , Lion Ryan R. , Mtenga Norbert , Gisiri Mwitasrobert , McFatrich Molly , Reeve Bryce B. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
The pediatric patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse event measure was developed and validated for use in pediatric cancer clinical trials to better capture the symptom experiences through direct self-report. The study aim was to develop and validate a Swahili language version of the patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse event measure.

Methods
The pediatric version of 15 core symptom adverse events, and the corresponding questions, were selected from the patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse event library, then forward and back translated into Swahili by bilingual translators. The translated items were further refined using concurrent cognitive interviewing. Each round of interviews included five children, ages 8–17 years-old, receiving cancer therapy at Bugando Medical Centre, the cancer referral hospital for Northwest Tanzania, and continued until at least 80% of participants understood the question.

Results
Three rounds of cognitive interviews were completed involving 13 patients and 5 caregivers. Among patients, 50% of questions (19/38) were fully comprehended after the first interview round. Two Adverse Events (anxiety and peripheral neuropathy) were the most difficult for participants to understand, associated with education level and experience. Goal comprehension was achieved after three rounds of interviews with no further revisions required. All parents in the first cognitive interview group comprehended the survey, with no additional revisions.

Conclusion
A Swahili patient-reported outcomes version of the common terminology criteria for adverse event was effective in eliciting patient-reported Adverse Events related to cancer treatment, with good comprehension for children aged 8–17 years. This survey is important to incorporate patient self-reporting of symptomatic toxicities and is an effective tool to increase capacity for pediatric cancer clinical trials throughout East Africa, further reducing global disparities in cancer care.
Impact of ENT complications on COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care center, Coimbatore: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Karthikeyan K. , Kumar P. Kishore , Ravisankar V. , Dayanand A. , Lasington Jeril , Soundararajan Jagannath 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents with respiratory tract-related symptoms such as fever, cough, dyspnea, and chest tightness that could progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also causes several upper respiratory tract-related symptoms including nasal congestion, sore throat, and smell dysfunction. Incidence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients was also reported during the second wave along with other otorhinolaryngology-related complications.

Aim
This study aimed to determine different otorhinolaryngology-related complications reported in COVID-19 cases in a tertiary care center and estimation of incidence, age, gender distribution, risk factors, treatment, follow-up, and mortality status of the study participants.

Methodology
Patients who recovered from COVID-19 disease and developed complications such as long-lasting anosmia, septal abscess, epistaxis, rhino nasal mucormycosis, and voice changes were selected for the study. After obtaining patient medical records, the recorded history, examination, and investigations done related to incidence, associated risk factors, age, and gender distribution of ENT (Ears, Nose, Throat) complications were collected, and this data was analyzed.

Results
The present study involved 100 patients between 18 and 65 years of age which included 78% males and 22% females. Of these participants, 92% reported mucormycosis as the most common complication, with diabetes being the risk factor in majority of the participants. During the course of the study, 10% participants had passed away due to complications.

Conclusion
Early identification of highly sensitive post-COVID-19 ENT complications is essential to reduce mortality and morbidity among vulnerable populations.