bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associative memory neurons of encoding multi-modal signals are recruited by neuroligin-3 mediated new synapse formation
Authors: Xu Yang , Cui Tian-Liang , Li Jia-Yi , Chen Bingchen , Wang Jin-Hui 
Published: September 2023

The joint storage and reciprocal retrieval of leant associated signals are presumably encoded by associative memory cells. In the accumulation and enrichment of memory contents in lifespan, a signal often becomes a core signal associatively shared for other signals. One specific group of associative memory neurons that encode this core signal likely interconnects multiple groups of associative memory neurons that encode these other signals for their joint storage and reciprocal retrieval. We have examined this hypothesis in a mouse model of associative learning by pairing the whisker tactile signal sequentially with the olfactory signal, the gustatory signal and the tail-heating signal. Mice experienced this associative learning show the whisker fluctuation induced by olfactory, gustatory and tail-heating signals, or the other way around, i.e., memories to multi-modal associated signals featured by their reciprocal retrievals. Barrel cortical neurons in these mice become able to encode olfactory, gustatory and tail-heating signals alongside the whisker signal. Barrel cortical neurons interconnect piriform, S1-Tr and gustatory cortical neurons. With the barrel cortex as the hub, the indirect activation occurs among piriform, gustatory and S1-Tr cortices for the second-order associative memory. These associative memory neurons recruited to encode multi-modal signals in the barrel cortex for associative memory are downregulated by neuroligin-3 knockdown. Thus, associative memory neurons can be recruited as the core cellular substrate to memorize multiple associated signals for the first-order and the second-order of associative memories by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation, which constitutes neuronal substrates of cognitive activities in the field of memoriology.
The coactivity of cerebral cortices during associative learning induces their interconnections.
Interconnections endorse the first order and the second order of associative memory.
Associative memory cells in cerebral cortices are recruited by mutual synapse innervations.
Neuroligin-3 mediates the recruitment of associative memory cells for associative memory.
Bat activity is related to habitat structure and time since prescribed fire in managed pine barrens in New England
Authors: Kay Natalie , Sadlon Amelia , Bakermans Marja H. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Several insectivorous bat species are found in New England, yet research on them is still scarce. Current research shows the ecological importance of bats due to their control of insect populations, but they are endangered by habitat loss and White Nose Syndrome, among other threats. Pine barrens are an uncommon ecosystem found in New England that supports other rare taxa and could be important for these bat species.

Methods
With hand-held audio recorders, we surveyed for bats in Montague Plains Wildlife Management Area in Massachusetts and Concord Pine Barrens in New Hampshire in June 2022. Our study objectives were to (1) describe the most common bat species and (2) compare bat activity across different habitat types at two managed pine barrens in New England. In particular, we examined bat activity related to habitat type (scrub oak, mature pitch pine, treated pitch pine, hardwood forest), habitat structure (i.e., canopy closure), time since prescribed fire, and path width. We analyzed our data through generalized linear modeling and logistic regression.

Results
Overall, we were able to measure the presence of five out of the nine total species found in the area, including the endangered Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat). We recorded 293 bat calls, with the majority of calls from big brown bats (71%). We found significant differences (p < 0.05) in bat activity in relation to time since prescribed fire and habitat structure. The index of bat activity was greatest in pitch pine and hardwood forests and lowest in scrub oak and treated pitch pine habitats. With preliminary data, we also found that silver-haired bat presence was influenced by habitat type, with more detections at survey points in hardwood forests.

Discussion
These findings demonstrate the importance of pine barrens as an ecosystem that supports bats in New England. According to the activity of bats in our study, closed canopy and mature pitch pine habitats may be prioritized in conservation efforts at managed barrens for bat species. Further research is recommended to better understand the relationship between prescribed fires, which are common in managed barrens, and bat activity.
Retrospective analysis of the impact of dose delay and reduction on outcomes of colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFIRI‑based treatment
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zheng Hongjuan , Cai Cheng , Xu Yinzi , Xie Mengzhen , Wang Qinghua , Jin Xiayun , Fu Jianfei 
Published: September 2023

Objectives
To determine the relationship between chemotherapy dose delay/reduction with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer patients treated with FOLFIRI based first-line chemotherapy in real-world retrospectively study.

Methods
We identified 144 eligible patients with advanced CRC who received FOLFIRI as first-line based treatment. The study protocol was submitted to the institutional review board and was exempted. Dose delay was defined as an average delay of more than 3 days (>3 days vs. ≤3 days) from the intended date. Dose reduction (actual dose/standard dose * 100%) ≤85% was considered as chemotherapy reduction in the chemotherapy dose relative to the standard (mg/m2) regimen for all cycles. Relative dose intensity (RDI) ≤80% was described as chemotherapy reduction. OS and PFS were measured using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models.

Results
There were 114 patients with chemotherapy dose delay (dose delay >3 days). PFS of patients without dose delay had better survival than patients with dose delay (p = 0.002). There were 28.47% patients treated with dose reduction of 5-Fu. PFS and OS were better in patients without 5-Fu dose reduction than in patients with 5-Fu dose reduction with p values of 0.024 and <0.001, respectively. Patients with high 5-FU RDI had better PFS than patients with low 5-FU RDI (p < 0.001). While, there was no statistical difference in OS between the two groups. Then we stratified the analysis by age. In <65 years cohort, both PFS and OS were better in patients with high 5-Fu RDI than in those with low 5-Fu RDI (p < 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively). But, in ≥65 years cohort, OS were better in patients with low 5-Fu RDI than in those with high 5-Fu RDI (p = 0.025). Moreover, both dose reduction and RDI of irinotecan had no statistically significant difference in both PFS and OS.

Conclusion
In the advanced colorectal cancer patients who received FOLFIRI based treatment as first-line regimen, chemotherapy dose delay and reduction dose of 5-Fu were associated with worse survival, especially among patients younger than 65 years.
Effect of Some Preservatives on the Microbial Quality of Cold-smoked Catfish at Refrigerated Temperature
Authors: Ubadire-Agua, C.  , Ezeama, C. F.  , Anyiam, C. A.  , Anyiam, C. C.  , Nwanagba, N. L.  
Published: September 2023

Aim: This study investigated the preservative effect of potassium sorbate, ginger, garlic, and a blend of, ginger and garlic on the microbiological quality and shelf stability of cold smoked Catfish (Clarius gariepinus) at refrigerated storage.
Methodology: One hundred (100) of the freshly harvested catfish obtained from the MOUAU Fish Farm were processed and divided into five lots of 20 each. Four marinating baths containing 0.5% potassium sorbate, 3% ginger, 3% garlic, and a blend of 1.5% ginger and 1.5% garlic respectively were prepared. Each catfish lot except the fifth lot (which served as a control) was marinated for 2 h and cold smoked for 8 h. The samples were then stored for fourteen days at refrigeration temperature (4 ± 2 °C during which analyses were carried out. The Total viable count, Total fungal count, and bacterial counts (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus sp, and Listeria sp) of the catfish samples before, during, and after storage were analyzed.
Results: The total viable count (TVC) was reduced from 8.7x105 to 1.2x105 CFU/g, 1.13 x106 to 2.4x105 CFU/g, 1.09 x 106 to 2.00 x105 CFU/g, 9.60 x105 to 1.50 x105 CFU/g, and 1.19x106 to 3.00x105 CFU/g for 3% ginger, 3% garlic, 1.5% ginger +1.5% garlic, 0.5% potassium sorbate, and the control at refrigeration storage respectively. All the treatments were effective against E. coli, Listeria monocytogen, and Salmonella count. Similarly, the 3% of ginger treatment recorded counts of 1x105 CFU/g for Staphylococcus counts, during refrigeration storage. Furthermore, the total fungal count decreased for all the treatments.
Conclusion: The study found that cold smoked catfish treated with 0.5% potassium sorbate, 3% ginger, 3% garlic and a blend of 1.5% ginger and 1.5% garlic can be stored for 14 days at refrigeration storage provided the storage condition is maintained.
Dew Formation and Anaerobiosis in Anaerobic Jars
Authors: Sudibya Akhmad , Widyaningsih Indah 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to prove whether the palladium catalyst affects the dew formation time in the anaerobic cover and whether anaerobiosis can be achieved without a palladium catalyst.
Materials and Methods: This research is a laboratory experimental study with a non-randomized control group design. In this study, replication was carried out. The amount of replication used is 10. The palladium catalyst was used in 10 experiments, whereas it was not used in ten other experiments.
Results: The growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium tetani, and Bacteroides fragilis were observed after 48-hour incubation. The time of appearance of water condensate was observed until 24-hour incubation. The time of appearance of water condensate in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar varied between 1.37 minutes and 3.33 minutes. On the other hand, water condensate did not appear in the without-palladium anaerobic jar. No growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar; on the contrary, there were ten growths in the anaerobic jar without palladium. Eight growths of Clostridium tetani were observed in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar, whereas there was no growth without palladium. No growth of Bacteroides fragilis was observed in the without-palladium anaerobic jar, whereas seven growths were observed in the anaerobic jar containing palladium. The time of appearance of water condensate in the palladium-contained anaerobic jar was different from that in the anaerobic jar without palladium. Significant differences (p < 0,01) in anaerobiosis creation between the palladium-contained anaerobic jar and the without-palladium anaerobic jar were also clearly observed.
Acquired Extrinsic Pulmonary Stenosis Secondary to a Compressing Mediastinal Tumor
Authors: Naaim M. , Rebbouh F. , Eljamili M. , Karimi S. El , Hattaoui M. El 
Published: September 2023

Acquired pulmonary stenosis in adults due to extrinsic compression of the pulmonary artery is a rare manifestation of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The incidence remains poorly known in the literature since only a few sporadic cases are described.
The clinical management is directed towards the treatment of the underlying disease. According to the latter, the patient may benefit from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, angioplasty, stenting, or surgery.
We describe here the case of a young patient who was diagnosed with acquired extrinsic pulmonary stenosis secondary to a type B large cell lymphoma of mediastinal location. Our clinical case affirms the interest of a transthoracic echocardiogram in the diagnosis as well as the follow-up of this unusual manifestation.
Soil Erosion Estimation of Kunthippuzha Watershed Using GIS and RUSLE Model
Authors: Farsana Fathima , Varughese Anu , Joseph Asha 
Published: September 2023

Soil erosion is an environmental crisis in the world today that threatens the natural environment and also agriculture. Erosion removes the top fertile soil, degrades soil fertility, water quality and soil productivity. The soil erosion risk assessment is helpful for land evaluation in the regions where soil erosion is a major threat for sustainable agriculture. Modelling can provide a quantitative and consistent approach to estimate soil erosion and sediment yield under a wide range of conditions. The soil erosion and erosion prone areas in the Kunthippuzha sub-watershed of Bharathapuzha river basin, Kerala, India was estimated using RUSLE. The study area is having a drainage area of 950 km2 up to the gauging station. The estimation was done for 1990 to 2021. The estimated rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, Slope length and slope steepness factor and crop management factors range from 929.36 and 980.38 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1, 0.01387 to 0.0385 t ha h ha−1 MJ−1 mm−1, 0 to 9.77 and 0.057796 to 1.0999. The results indicate that the estimated total annual potential soil loss of about 842175 t/y is comparable with the measured sediment of 845500 t/yr during the years 1990-2021. The soil erosion rate categorized into six classes based on the erosion severity, the major portion (60%) of the study area comes under very slight erosion zone and only a small portion (14%) comes under severe and very severe erosion zone. Result suggests the area of the north-eastern part suffers from a high soil erosion risk due to steep slope. The results can certainly aid in implementation of soil management and conservation practices to reduce the soil erosion in the Kunthippuzha sub-watershed.
Challenges Faced by Children with Special Needs in Accra and the Support Systems Available to Them and Their Families
Authors: Adjabeng Anna Y. , Tette Edem M. A. 
Published: September 2023

Background: Children with special needs have longstanding physical, developmental, emotional, and behavioural problems that require attention. Caring for these children can be overwhelming, thus, support systems are needed to ease the burden and improve the quality of life of the children and their caregivers.
Aim: To examine the problems of children with special needs and identify the support systems available to them through their families, friends, governmental and non-governmental institutions.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place of Study: Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, the Special Mothers Project Group and With God Physiotherapy and Care Center, Accra, Ghana from May-June 2018
Methodology: The study was conducted in 2018 among 64 caregivers of children with special needs at the three sites using purposive sampling. A questionnaire was designed for data collection. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics.
Results: Developmental conditions encountered were cerebral palsy 24(38%), seizure disorder 15(23%), speech delay 5(8%), Down’s syndrome 3(5%), ADHD 2(3%), autism spectrum disorder 1(2%), 4(6.3%) unspecified and 10(16%) others. Caregivers reported problems with delayed development, feeding, health, speech, intellectual capacity, and behavior including social interaction. About half of the 33 respondents had some form of assistance at home. Majority of this help, (45%), came from the nuclear family. Support from friends, the church and access to specialized care was limited. While 24(42.1%) of the children were not in any school placement, 24 (42.1%) were in mainstream, 8 were in nursery/crèche and 1 was in a special school. Speech and Language therapy and physiotherapy were the most used forms of rehabilitation. Financial support from government and other institutions was limited but 42.2% had access to support groups.
Conclusions: The most significant challenge for caregivers was their child’s developmental problems. While the family remained the most dependable source of support, support groups, therapy services and school placements were also available but uptake was sub-optimal and external financial support was limited.
Potentiation of Antibacterial Activity of Ciprofloxacin by Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus against Fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Authors: Cyril Adonu , Restus Onwusoba , Patrick Onyi , Ibeabuchi Ali , Romanus Omeh 
Published: September 2023

Background: Essential oil (EO) of Cymbopogon citratus has been demonstrated to have antibacterial activities against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The study was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effects of combined use of C. citratus and ciprofloxacin against fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (FQRSA) and Escherichia coli (FQREC).
Methods: The antibacterial activity of the essential oil was evaluated by agar dilution method while the combination studies were done using Checker-board agar dilution technique.
Results: The mean MIC values of EO against the FQRSA and FQREC were 0.043 + 0.01 mg/ml and 0.049 mg/ml respectively. When ciprofloxacin was combined with EO of lemongrass, 53.9, 28.3, 17.8 and 0.0 % of the FQRSA isolates showed indifference, additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects respectively. Similarly, when ciprofloxacin was combined with EO of lemongrass at different ratios, 44, 35.5, 20.6 and 0.0 % of the FQREC isolates showed combined effects of additivity, synergism, indifference and antagonism respectively.
Conclusions: The results revealed the invitro antibacterial potency of Cymbopogon citratus oil against fluoroquinolone resistant S. aureus and E. coli. More importantly, the study has proved that the combined use of ciprofloxacin and essential oil of lemongrass has increased the sensitivity of both FQRSA and FQREC bacteria.
Phonological Asymmetries between Roots and Affixes
Authors: Gouskova Maria 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis entry surveys the phonological asymmetries between roots and non‐roots (affixes, clitics). It starts with an extraphonological, structural definition of roots, and considers those non‐phonological properties that are phonologically relevant: they are easily borrowed, and they are most deeply embedded. The empirical portion of the entry concentrates on templaticism and size restrictions, asymmetries in segmental contrast/inventories, the properties of multiroot words (compounds) and accentual characteristics that differ between roots and affixes. The theoretical section surveys theories that account for these properties: Prosodic Morphology, Positional Faithfulness, the cycle and its analogs and Anti‐Faithfulness. The entry then critically reviews several recent and not‐so‐recent proposals that blur the line between affixes and roots, using the ‘root’ designation diacritically or recasting diacritic distinctions as structural distinctions. The concluding section discusses the role of roots in phonological learnability.
Interfacial Molecule Control Enables Efficient Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Ye Yong‐Chun , Shen Yang , Zhou Wei , Feng Shi‐Chi , Wang Jiang‐Ying , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPerovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are emerging as promising candidates for new‐generation high‐definition displays with excellent color purity and low power consumption. Nevertheless, the massive defects at grain boundaries and severe interfacial exciton quenching are critical challenges that hinder the commercialization process of PeLEDs. Herein, a novel and feasible strategy of interfacial molecule control is demonstrated by employing a bifunctional material with abundant phosphine oxide groups to induce strong interaction and exciton management between the perovskite and electron‐transport layers (ETLs). This modification layer is capable of passivating the surface crystal defects and blocking the interfacial exciton transfer simultaneously, contributing to minimized energy loss at the interface. Consequently, the modified PeLEDs with green (at 513 nm), blue (at 488 nm), and red (at 666 nm) emissions achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.8%, 12.6%, and 12.3%, respectively. This study reveals the importance of interfacial molecule control for reducing the energy loss in PeLEDs.
Extending the Passive Region of CrFeNi‐Based High Entropy Alloys
Authors: Zendejas Medina León , Mølmen Live , Paschalidou Eirini‐Maria , Donzel‐Gargand Olivier , Leisner Peter , Jansson Ulf , Nyholm Leif 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study provides principles for designing new corrosion resistant high entropy alloys. The theoretical framework is a percolation model developed by Newman and Sieradzki that predicts the ability of an alloy to passivate, i.e., to form a protective surface oxide, based on its composition. Here, their model is applied to more complex materials than previously, namely amorphous CrFeNiTa and CrFeNiW alloys. Furthermore, the model describes a more complex passivation process: reforming the oxide layer above the transpassive potential of Cr. The model is used to predict the lowest concentration of Ta or W required to extend the passive region, yielding 11–14 at% Ta and 14–17 at% W. For CrFeNiTa, experiments reveal a threshold value of 13–15 at% Ta, which agrees with the prediction. For CrFeNiW, the experimentally determined threshold value is 37–45 at% W, far above the predicted value. Further investigations explore why the percolation model fails to describe the CrFeNiW system; key factors are the higher nobility and the pH sensitivity of W. These results demonstrate some limitations of the percolation model and offer complementary passivation criteria, while providing a design route for combining the properties of the 3d transition metal and refractory metal groups.
Anion Vacancy Regulated Sodium/Potassium Intercalation in Potassium Prussian Blue Analog Cathodes for Hybrid Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Runzhe , Zhai Xingwu , Tinker Henry R. , He Pan , Nason Charlie A. F. , Han Yupei , Celorrio Veronica , Sankar Gopinathan , Zhou Min , Xu Yang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFe‐based potassium Prussian blue analogs (K‐PBAs) are commonly used as K‐ion battery (KIB) cathodes. Interestingly, K‐PBAs are appealing cathodes for Na‐ion batteries (NIBs). In a hybrid NIB cell, where Na‐ion is in the electrolyte and K‐ion is in the PBA cathode, cation intercalation and electrochemical performance of the cathode can be significantly affected by [Fe(CN)6]4− anion vacancy. This work studies the effect of anion vacancy in K‐PBAs on regulating K‐ion/Na‐ion intercalation mechanism in hybrid NIB cells, by comparing two K‐PBA cathodes with different vacancy contents. The results demonstrate that introducing a level of anion vacancy can maximize the number of K‐ion intercalation sites and enhance K‐ion diffusion in the PBA framework. This facilitates K‐ion intercalation and suppresses Na‐ion intercalation, resulting in a K‐ion‐dominated and high‐discharge‐voltage ion storage process in the hybrid NIB cell. The K‐PBA cathode with 20% anion vacancy delivers 128 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1 and 67 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, as well as retains 89% and 81% capacity after 100 and 300 cycles, respectively. It completely outperforms the counterpart with 7% anion vacancy, which exhibits increased Na‐ion intercalation but overall deteriorated ion storage.