bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blue-light emitting diode exposure effect on alkaline phosphatase levels post-orthodontic stabilization in rats
Authors: Ratnadita Adelia , Christnawati  , Sri Pudyani Pinandi 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: Exposure to blue light-emitting diode (blue-LED) during the stabilization period can prevent relapse by increasing the tension side osteoblast, which is characterized by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Increasing ALP levels occurred from day 7 with the highest peak on day 14 post-stabilization. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of blue-LED exposure during the stabilization period on ALP levels in the tension side GCF of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) at days 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-stabilizations.

Materials and Methods: Ten male Wistar rats aged 2.5-3 months, weighing 200-250 grams were divided into two groups (control and LED group). An orthodontic force of 35 grams was applied to the mandibular inter incisors of Wistar rats using an open coil spring. Blue-LED (490 nm wavelength, 1000 mW/cm² light intensity) exposure for 30 seconds once a day during a 7-day stabilization period. Gingival crevicular fluid was taken with paper points on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 post-stabilizations for ALP levels measurement using an ELISA method. Two-way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD statistical tests were performed.

Results: The results showed LED group ALP levels were higher than the control group. There has been a significant increase in ALP levels on days 7 and 14 in the control and LED groups.

Conclusion: It was concluded that blue-LED exposure increased tension side ALP levels. Increasing ALP levels occurred from day 7 with the highest peak level on day 14. Blue-LED exposure in the stabilization period is a favorable therapeutic option to accelerate alveolar bone formation due to being non-invasive, easy to apply clinically, and low cost.
Sinonasal lesions – Case analysis at a tertiary care centre in coastal India
Authors: Khadilkar Meera Niranjan , Dosemane Deviprasad , Khadilkar Urmila Niranjan 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: The sinonasal region is affected by different types of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions. This study attempts to highlight our experience with these lesions and to categorize them.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in our hospitals and data including history, clinical findings, and histopathological diagnosis was collected from medical records of 187 patients who visited the outpatient department with nasal, paranasal sinus or nasopharyngeal lesions from 2007 to 2020.

Results: A total of 187 patients were included. The commonest site involved was the nasal cavity in 104 (55.61%) patients, followed by maxillary sinus in 26 (13.9%) patients and nasopharynx in 16 (8.56%) patients. The majority of the cases were benign tumours (41.71%), followed by malignancy (35.29%). Inverted papilloma was the commonest benign tumour (13.9%); squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent type of malignancy (12.3%).

Conclusion: The overlapping features of nasal masses make diagnosis a challenge, the role of histopathology is indispensable. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for better clinical management, which will ultimately enhance healthcare.
Bioprospecting of Talaromyces ruber pigments for antimicrobials
Authors: B. N. Narendrababu , S. Shishupala 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: Metabolic flexibility of fungi is unique among organisms. Fungi can produce various pigments of industrial importance. Potential of Talaromyces ruber for beneficial pigments needs to be explored. Hence, the present study aims at the detection of pigments from T. ruber and determining their antimicrobial properties.

Materials and Methods: A soil isolate of T. ruber was tested for pigment production. Cellular and secretory pigments were extracted. They were separated by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and detected by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The antibacterial activities of crude pigments were tested by disc diffusion method. The antifungal activity was detected by disc diffusion method, conidial germination inhibition assay and bioautography methods.

Results: The results showed that cellular metabolites yielded seven pigment fractions and secretory metabolites yielded five different pigment fractions in TLC. In UV-Visible spectrometry, the absorption range of visible light with 370 to 412 nm detected yellow pigments and absorption of 500 to 520 nm detected red pigments. Crude cellular and secretory pigment fractions showed inhibition activity only on Bacillus subtilis. The antifungal activity of both crude cellular and secretory pigments was observed against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus sp. The secretory crude pigment showed conidial germination inhibition only against Alternaria tenuissima. In bioautography, the cellular and secretory crude pigments showed an inhibition zone for Cladosporium oxysporum. Additionally, secretory crude pigment showed similar activity against Curvularia lunata. Interestingly, the variations in the antifungals between cellular and secretory pigment fractions are also evident. Production of antimicrobial compounds from T. ruber was established after the detection of pigment fractions.

Conclusion: Potential of T. ruber to produce yellow and red pigments was realized. Antimicrobial pigments from T. ruber were detected providing scope to develop for industrial scale. These pigments may be used in pharmaceutical and nutritional industries.
Molecular characterization of linezolid resistance in clinically significant isolates of coagulase negative Staphylococcus species, a hospital based study from Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chaudhry Priya , Pandey Anita , Chaturvedi Priyanka , Sangita Km. 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and aim: The emergence of Multidrug-resistant Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species is a therapeutic problem. Linezolid-resistant CoNS (LRCoNS) are on a significant rise, with a global prevalence of around 2%. The acquisition of cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance) gene is the commonest mechanism leading to resistance. This study aimed to determine the molecular characterization of linezolid resistance in clinically significant isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS).

Material and Methods: The 1061 clinical isolates of CoNS were identified by standard bacteriological technique. Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed to determine the susceptibility to linezolid and those isolates with zone diameter 20 mm (linezolid screen positive) were further confirmed by the automated Vitek 2 compact system and MIC 8 microgram per mL was resistant . The cfr gene was detected in phenotypically confirmed LRCoNS.

Results: Resistant to Linezolid was seen in 2.5% of clinically important isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococci. The resistance was maximum in S.hemolyticus (70%), followed by S.cohnii (22.2%). Among the LRCoNS, the overall cfr gene was detected in 78% of isolates, predominantly in S.hemolyticus and S. cohnii. All the LRCoNs were also MRCoNS (methicillin resistance). However, all isolates were susceptible to glycopeptides.

Conclusion: There has been a surge of CoNS being reported from clinical samples with resistance to many important antimicrobials, including linezolid. The presence of cfr gene is the most common mechanism of resistance to linezolid. Early and correct identification of these isolates and adherence to infection control protocols will help for better clinical outcomes.
Imbalances in parathyroid hormones and few electrolytes in patients with renal failure
Authors: Ibrahim Suhael Aseel , Nazar Abdul-Razzaq Lana , M. Mahmood Majid 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: Chronic kidney disease also referred as chronic renal disease is a condition in which there is a gradual loss of kidney function. End-stage renal failure (ESRD) is the final stage of the disease in which the kidneys cease to function, and the patient continues to depend on long-term dialysis. In this study we aimed to analyze the relationship between parathyroid hormone (PTH), electrolyte disturbances and vitamin D3 in ESRD patients and compare it to healthy individuals.

Materials and Methods: 100 outpatients (ages 30-70 years) from Al-Diwaniyah General Hospital and 49 healthy participants (ages 35-65 years) were investigated between July and October 2022.

Results: A significant increase in PTH concentrations was observed in the ESRD group 275.16 ± 224.03 pg/ml) when compared to the healthy group (44.42 ± 19.26 pg/ml). Similarly, phosphate concentrations differed significantly between ESRD patients and the healthy group (1.52 ± 0.53 vs. 1.04 ± 0.15 mmol/L, respectively).
A non-significant positive correlation was noticed between PTH and phosphate levels (p value = 0.068; r = 0.253). There was a significant (p-value 0.001) decrease in calcium levels between patients and healthy samples (2.06 ± 0.28 mmol/L vs. 2.36 ± 0.11, respectively), and a negative correlation (r = -0.536) between PTH and calcium levels. The vitamin D3 values showed no significant differences (p > 0.01), between ESRD patients and healthy subjects.

Conclusion: A positive correlation existed between serum PTH and phosphate levels in patients with ESRD. Hence these parameters could be monitored on a regular basis to ensure appropriate dietary and medical treatments.
Evaluation of thyroid autoimmunity markers in polycystic ovarian syndrome in women
Authors: Awadh Auda Shaimaa , Awadh Gatea Eqbal , Awaad Radhi Zainab 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. PCOS also affects thyroid hormones, with multiple studies showing a link between autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and polycystic ovarian syndrome, although the exact pathophysiology of this interaction remains unknown. In this study the autoimmune thyroid indicators in women with PCOS were examined in order to demonstrate a link between polycystic ovarian syndrome and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Materials and Methods: The study included 85 polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients and 50 controls with similar ages. Thyroid autoantibodies (anti-thyroglobulin (Anti-Tg) and anti-peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroid hormones (free thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were determined in both study groups of women.

Results: In women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) the blood levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO), antithyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG)) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were higher than women without PCOS. However, no difference was observed for free thyroxine (FT4) levels among PCOS and no PCOS women.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity was found to be linked in women with PCOS.
In silico analysis of Trichosanthes lobata extracts: A promising source of antioxidants for therapeutic applications
Authors: Soorya Aravindakshan Aghil , L. S. Hallur Raghavendra , Sharma Sameer 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: Trichosanthes lobata is one of the species which belongs to Chinese traditional medicine for the therapeutic purpose of antioxidant properties. Free radicals’ production by the body has numerous beneficial roles including in immune systems, cellular signaling pathways, mitogenic response, and synthesis of cellular structures. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the T. lobata secondary metabolites toward COX proteins and validate their antioxidant potential.

Materials and Methods: We extracted the plant using Soxhlet and subjected it to various assays like DPPH and TEAC, followed by in silico analysis. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation have been analyzed with respect to the protein of interest against selected phytochemicals from T. lobata.

Results: We observed the significant outcome from DPPH and TEAC assays like reducing the capability in contrast to T. lobata followed by docking and dynamic stability.

Conclusion: The current findings have unveiled that the investigated flora, namely T. lobata, is a bastion of secondary phytochemicals. The plant's exceptional antioxidant capacity is attributable to the occurrence of one or more of these secondary metabolites, which exert their respective or synergistic effects.
A non-destructive harvesting method to produce biologically active phenolics and flavonoids of Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg
Authors: F. Ruksana , Kumar Vadlapudi , E. Vishala , D.V. Poornima , C.M. Anuradha , H.M. Prathap 
Published: July 2023

Introduction and Aim: Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg (G. glauca) is an abundant source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with therapeutic potential, despite this very few investigations conducted for enhanced phenolic and flavonoid production by suspension culture. In the present study a non-destructive harvesting method was developed for phenolics and flavonoids production in cell suspension of G. glauca using methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as a potent elicitor for product enhancement.

Materials and Methods: cell suspension culture was initiated to evaluate the elicitor impact on cell growth, Phytochemical extraction and screening, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant assay by 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, was done to evaluate, its antioxidant capacity in the methyl jasmonate elicited suspension cultured sample of G. glauca.

Results: Methyl jasmonate elicitation in response to 50 µM dosage showed an increase in biomass production of phenolic compounds and flavonoids after 6 days of culture incubation. Qualitative screening of phytoconstituents revealed the abundance of flavonoids and phenolics tannins, confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, TLC and HPLC analyses. G. glauca cell suspension culture sample showed dose dependent DPPH free radical scavenging activity compared to the respective control samples.

Conclusion: The outcome of the present study shows that G.glauca MeJA (methyl jasmonate) elicitation at 50µM dosage elicited the highest presence of phenolics and flavonoid with potential antioxidant capability. Considering the vulnerability of G.glauca as enlisted in endangered plants list, the present protocol is a non-destructive harvesting method to produce biologically active phenolics and flavonoids of the plant.
Multiporphyrinic Arrays Containing Hydroporphyrins
Authors: Ptaszek Marcin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Hydroporphyrins are the synthetic or semisynthetic analogs of photosynthetic pigments. They retained the essential photophysical properties of their natural counterparts and therefore are valuable chromophores for numerous applications. Synthetic multichromophoric arrays containing hydroporphyrins have been utilized as models to mimic and study photophysical processes in natural photosynthesis, photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, fluorophores for sensing and imaging, as well as components for solar energy conversion.
In this chapter, structure, synthesis, and properties of arrays containing at least two tetrapyrrolic subunits, among which at least one is a hydroporphyrin, are presented. Their photophysical properties and applications are also briefly discussed.
Utility of Computational Chemistry for Insight to Structures and Reactions of Polynitrogen Compounds
Authors: Denburg Dobrushe , Greer Alexander , Greer Edyta M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the computed results of selected polynitrogen compounds. Compounds2 that will be discussed include organic azides, triazoles, triazines, diazonium ions, azo compounds, zinc–azide complexes, and porphyrins. Various theoretical studies involving these compounds focused on reactions such as cycloaddition reactions, rearrangements, structural analysis, and spectroscopic properties.
4‐Amino‐1,8‐Naphthalimides and Related Species
Authors: Kelly Lisa A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

The substitution of the aromatic core of 1,8‐naphthalene imides (
NIs
) with amines and other nitrogen‐rich species significantly alters their electronic properties. The class of compounds, herein called 4‐amino‐1,8‐naphthalene imides (
ANIs
), have found numerous applications as fluorescent sensors of polarity, anions, cations, and nucleic acids. In addition, the unique photoredox properties of blue‐light absorbing
ANIs
create a versatile set of initiators for photopolymerization and photoinduced protein or tissue cross‐linking. This chapter reviews both the synthetic strategies and photophysical properties of
ANIs
in the context of the inductive and steric properties of the 4‐amino substituent that govern the production and deactivation of the intramolecular charge‐transfer (
ICT
) state. The effects of mono‐ versus di‐alkylation on the 4‐amino nitrogen on both the solvent‐dependent photophysics and redox properties are also discussed. Though there is a large body of literature on the use of
ANIs
as fluorescent sensors, the implications of tuning the structure and environment of
ANIs
for specific photochemical outcomes, including photoredox‐initiated reactions, remain largely unexplored. Future opportunities to expand the scope of
ANI
photochemistry beyond sensor applications are discussed in this chapter.
β‐Catenin/c‐Myc Axis Modulates Autophagy Response to Different Ammonia Concentrations
Authors: Sergio S. , Spedicato B. , Corallo G. , Inguscio A. , Greco M. , Musarò D. , Vergara D. , Muro A. F. , De Sabbata G. , Soria L. R. , Pierri N. Brunetti , Maffia M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAmmonia a by‐product of nitrogen containing molecules is detoxified by liver into non‐toxic urea and glutamine. Impaired ammonia detoxification leads to hyperammonemia. Ammonia has a dual role on autophagy, it acts as inducer at low concentrations and as inhibitor at high concentrations. However, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for this switch. Wnt/β‐catenin signalling is emerging for its role in the regulation of ammonia metabolizing enzymes and autophagosome synthesis through c‐Myc. Here, using Huh7 cell line, we show a modulation in c‐Myc expression under different ammonia concentrations. An increase in c‐Myc expression and in its transcriptional regulator β‐catenin was detected at low concentrations of ammonia, when autophagy is active, whereas these modifications were lost under high ammonia concentrations. These observations were also recapitulated in the livers of spf‐ash mice, a model of constitutive hyperammonaemia due to deficiency in ornithine transcarbamylase enzyme. Moreover, c‐Myc‐mediated activation of autophagy plays a cytoprotective role in cells under ammonia stress conditions as confirmed through the pharmacological inhibition of c‐Myc in Huh7 cells treated with low ammonia concentrations. In conclusion, the unravelled role of c‐Myc in modulating ammonia induced autophagy opens new landscapes for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of hyperammonemia.
Nature Herbal Medicine‐ Tissue Engineering Strategies for Regulate Cell Homeostasis in Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wei Xu , Xie Hao , Liu Can , Li Yan , Sun Kai , Qi Baoyu , Guo Xiangyun , Liu Zhaofeng , Huang Xinlin , Sun Chuanrui , Wang Jian , Zhang Yili , Fan Lei , Zhu Liguo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBone fractures, especially large and complex defects, continue to pose significant challenges in the medical field. Current treatments often rely on autografts or allografts for structural support, which can lead to problems such as reduced bioactivity, infection risks, and potential pathogen transmission. Nature herbal medicine (NHM), including herbs and herbal extracts, offers a promising alternative by effectively modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing osteoblast function, and inhibiting bone resorption, thereby facilitating fracture repair. However, traditional drug delivery methods for NHM encounter challenges such as potential drug interactions, poor tissue distribution, and reduced patient compliance. Biomaterials, engineered to interact with biological systems, play essential roles in tissue repair, mechanical support, and drug delivery. When used as drug carriers, biomaterials can be combined with NHM to form stable drug delivery systems that further promote bone regeneration. Here the applications of biomaterials are reviewed, such as hydrogels, extracellular vesicles, and bone cement, in conjunction with NHM for regulating bone homeostasis and fracture repair, aiming to provide valuable insights and guidance for future research and therapeutic strategies.
Multi‐Site High‐Entropy Immobilizer for All‐Iodine Species Fixation in High‐Performance Zinc‐Iodine Batteries
Authors: Li Yanxin , Jia Hongfeng , Hao Yuehan , Ali Usman , Liu Bingqiu , Zhang Lingyu , Li Lu , Lian Ruqian , Wang Chungang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractZinc‐iodine (Zn‐I2) batteries are of great interest thanks to their high energy density, low cost, and inherent safety. However, the dissolution of I− and the generated polyiodides exacerbated by the dissolved I− severely reduces the utilization of the active substance, resulting in poor coulombic efficiency and a drastic decrease in performance. In this regard, chemical immobilization of iodine species with high‐entropy material is developed. Benefiting from the remarkable catalytic and anchoring activity of the high‐entropy material, accelerated catalytic conversion and chemisorption of polyiodides are realized. Meanwhile, the distribution characteristics of the multi‐active adsorption centers on the high‐entropy material enable the abundant active sites to anchor the highly soluble and hard‐to‐mobilize I− in a chemical bonding manner. Such a unique bonding mode allows all iodine species (I2/I−/I3−) to be firmly immobilized on the electrode, which enhances the effectiveness and utilization of rechargeable Zn‐I2 batteries. High‐entropy material with the ability to immobilize all species of iodine provides a novel/effective strategy for realizing high‐performance Zn‐I2 batteries.
Stable Halide Perovskite Memristor Utilizing Innovative Silver/Bismuth Electrode as an Alternative to Gold
Authors: Feng Jiuchao , Fan Yanwei , Wang Yue , Song Qing , Liu Yang , Chen Yonghua , Li Deli , Huang Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPerovskite memristors hold great promise for neuromorphic computing due to their ease of fabrication and sensitivity to light and electrical stimuli. However, the common use of expensive metal electrodes, such as gold (Au) and unstable silver (Ag), limits their stability and broader application. In this study, a cost‐effective perovskite memristor utilizing a novel Ag/Bismuth (Ag/Bi) bilayer electrode, which serves as a viable alternative to Au while maintaining excellent performance, is presented. This design prevents electrochemical reactions and the formation of unstable metallic filaments, enabling controlled mixed electronic/ionic conductivity. Moreover, the low work function of the Ag/Bi bilayer reduces the built‐in voltage, facilitating the formation and retention of conductive filaments, which improves device performance and stability. The memristor exhibits a high on/off ratio (102), excellent endurance (≈800 cycles), long retention (>104 s), and storage stability comparable to Au‐based devices. Furthermore, it demonstrates neuromorphic synaptic behaviors, including long‐ and short‐term plasticity (STP), potentiation/depression, and spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP). When integrated into a spiking neural network (SNN) for digital image recognition using the MNIST dataset, the device achieves an accuracy of 86.68%. This work demonstrates the potential of the cost‐effective Ag/Bi bilayer electrode in enhancing the stability and performance of perovskite memristors.