bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How are decisions made in open source software communities? — Uncovering rationale from python email repositories
Authors: Sharma Pankajeshwara Nand , Savarimuthu Bastin Tony Roy , Stanger Nigel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGroup decision‐making (GDM) processes shape the evolution of open source software (OSS) products, thus playing an important role in the governance of open source software communities. While these GDM processes have attracted the attention of researchers, the rationale behind decisions, that is, how decisions are made that enhance the OSS, have not received much attention. This work bridges this gap by extracting these rationales from a large open source repository comprising 1.55 million emails available in Python development archives. This work makes a methodological contribution by presenting a heuristics‐based rationale extraction system called Rationale Miner that employs information retrieval, natural language processing, and heuristics‐based techniques. Using these techniques, it extracts the rationale behind specific decisions (for example, whether a new module was added based on core developer consensus or a benevolent dictator's pronouncement). This work unearths 11 such rationales behind decisions in the Python community and thus makes a knowledge contribution. It also analyzes the prevalence of these rationales across all PEPs and three sub‐types of PEPs: Process, Informational, and Standard Track PEPs. The effectiveness of our contributions has been positively evaluated using quantitative and qualitative approaches (e.g., comparison against baselines for rationale identification showed up to 47% improvement in the most conservative case, and feedback from the Python steering committee showed the accurate identification of rationales respectively). The approach proposed in this work can be used and extended to discover the rationale behind decisions that remain hidden in communication repositories of other OSS projects, which will make the decision‐making (DM) process transparent to stakeholders and encourage decision‐makers to be more accountable.
Recent Developments in Intermolecular Cross‐Rauhut‐Currier Reactions
Authors: Biswas Subhankar , Bania Nimisha , Chandra Pan Subhas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntermolecular cross Rauhut‐Currier reactions have gained much importance in recent years. It has proved its importance through procedures involving various catalysts and resulting in complex structures with good regio‐ as well as stereo‐ selectivity. This review highlights the recent developments of these reactions, published in current years, involving both achiral and chiral catalysts to give products, having various utilities. In addition, the detailed mechanistic studies of the above‐mentioned reactions are also presented.
A call for strengthening the current Libyan national health system by focusing on quality of care: A policy brief
Authors: Eddib Abeer , Eddib Hasan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Libyan health system is in a dire state, and after security, strengthening the health system is a top national priority. The initial effort should focus on capacity building using the existing healthcare system as a foundation, and not try to design a new health system that is not appropriate for the situation on the ground. Many new health systems that have been successfully designed and implemented in the last two decades, such as in Taiwan, have built on the experiences and best practices from different countries. These however, were already stable countries that possess the requisite cross‐sector infrastructure to build upon. Libya is different: it not only lacks a robust functioning health system, it lacks many of the infrastructure requirements to carry on most other basic functions. Furthermore, unlike many other countries, Libya is unique in that the financing of healthcare in the long run should not be an issue due to the relatively small population size and potential revenue.Efforts should focus on identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the current national health system and see what needs to be changed to align it along a model of patient‐centered quality care. The current main issue appears to be that of governance and management, which should be redesigned and strengthened to achieve the key strategic objectives of quality and patient safety. For Libya to start to do this, it should try to model an existing single‐payer government model to help improve outcomes.
Integrated correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM via SL(2, ℤ) spectral theory
Authors: Paul Hynek , Perlmutter Eric , Raj Himanshu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We perform a systematic study of integrated four-point functions of half-BPS operators in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N). These observables, defined by a certain spacetime integral of $$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_2{\mathcal{O}}_2{\mathcal{O}}_p{\mathcal{O}}_p\right\rangle $$

O
2

O
2

O
p

O
p

where $$ {\mathcal{O}}_p $$

O
p

is a superconformal primary of charge p, are known to be computable by supersymmetric localization, yet are non-trivial functions of the complexified gauge coupling τ. We find explicit and remarkably simple results for several classes of these observables, exactly as a function of N and τ. Their physical and formal properties are greatly illuminated upon employing the SL(2, ℤ) spectral decomposition: in this S-duality-invariant eigenbasis, the integrated correlators are fixed simply by polynomials in the spectral parameter. These polynomials are determined recursively by linear algebraic equations relating different N and p, such that all integrated correlators are ultimately fixed in terms of the integrated stress tensor multiplets in the SU(2) theory. Our computations include the full matrix of integrated correlators at low values of p, and a certain infinite class involving operators of arbitrary p. The latter satisfy an open lattice chain equation for all N, reminiscent of the Toda equation obeyed by extremal correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal theories. We compute ensemble averages of these observables and analyze our solutions at large N, confirming and predicting features of semiclassical AdS5× S5 supergravity amplitudes.
Identifying photochemical alterations of dissolved pyrogenic organic matter using fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Egan Jessica K. , McKnight Diane M. , Bowman Maggie M. , SanClements Michael D. , Gallo Adrian C. , Hatten Jeff A. , Matosziuk Lauren M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany streams originate in forested watersheds at risk of wildfires. Wildfires can introduce thermally altered organic compounds to terrestrial and aquatic systems. Understanding the degradation of leachates from these burned organic materials, referred to as dissolved pyrogenic organic material (PyDOM), is critical in determining water quality impacts in forested watersheds. This study used fluorescence spectroscopy to examine photochemical alterations of PyDOM generated by leaching organic matter burned at various temperatures. The PyDOM was exposed to natural sunlight for 25 days and the photochemical formation of hydrogen peroxide was monitored. PyDOM was characterized using ultraviolet–visible absorption, excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and fluorescence indices. Throughout the experiment, the emission intensity of the humic peak for all light-exposed leachates decreased while dark leachates exhibited no significant change in their fluorescence spectra. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and UV absorbance decreased progressively over time, providing direct evidence that PyDOM concentrations can be significantly reduced by photodegradation. A characteristically low emission peak was observed in the EEMs of the fresh PyDOM, which could help in detecting fresh PyDOM. These results demonstrate that PyDOM derived from burned leachates is susceptible to photodegradation and that fluorescence measurements could be used as proxies for detecting PyDOM immediately post-wildfire.
Equilibria in bottleneck games
Authors: Kawasaki Ryo , Konishi Hideo , Yukawa Junki 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper introduces a bottleneck game with finite sets of commuters and departing time slots as an extension of congestion games of Konishi et al. (J Econ Theory 72:225–237, 1997a). After characterizing Nash equilibrium of the game, we provide sufficient conditions for which the equivalence between Nash and strong equilibria holds. Somewhat surprisingly, unlike in congestion games, a Nash equilibrium in pure strategies may often fail to exist, even when players are homogeneous. In contrast, when there is a continuum of atomless players, the existence of a Nash equilibrium and the equivalence between the set of Nash and strong equilibria hold as in congestion games (Konishi et al. 1997a).
Extended therapy with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 in responding patients with high-volume metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Mader Nicolai , Nguyen Ngoc Christina , Kirkgöze Bilge , Baumgarten Justus , Groener Daniel , Klimek Konrad , Happel Christian , Tselis Nikolaos , Chun Felix K. H. , Grünwald Frank , Sabet Amir 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The currently used scheme for radioligand therapy (RLT) of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) consists of 4–6 cycles of 6.0–7.4 GBq [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 each. This standard treatment scheme has proved safe and effective resulting in objective response in most patients with no significant toxicity. Many patients, however, show high-volume residual tumor burden after the sixth cycle and may benefit from treatment continuation. Extended treatment with additional cycles has been withheld due to concerns on potential increased toxicity.

Methods
Twenty-six patients with high-volume residual tumor burden (according to CHAARTED) after standard RLT with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and no alternative treatment option received additional RLT cycles reaching a median of 10 (range 7–16) cycles with a mean activity of 7.4 ± 0.9 GBq per cycle. Response assessment with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT was done every 2–3 cycles or if disease progression was clinically suspected or based on change in PSA value (according to the PCWG3 criteria). Toxicity was measured using routine blood work up including blood counts, liver and renal function, and was graded according to CTCAE v5.0 criteria. Survival outcome was calculated based on the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results
Further PSA decline of 33 ± 28% during the extended treatment was observed in 21/26 (81%) patients, whereas 5/26 (19%) patients showed a PSA increase; correspondingly in 11/21 patients with an initial response (PR or SD) to extended cycles, treatment was discontinued due to progressive disease, whereas six (23%) patients achieved low-volume residual disease. Two (8%) patients died without showing progression, and two (8%) patients are still under therapy. The median progression-free survival was 19 (95% CI: 15–23) months, and the overall survival was 29 (95% CI: 18–40) months. Grade ≥ 3 hematological toxicities occurred in 4/26 (15%) patients during treatment extension, and nephrotoxicity (grade ≥ 3) was observed in 1/26 (4%) patient during the follow-up.

Conclusion
Extended radioligand therapy is a feasible treatment option in patients with high-volume residual tumor after the completion of standard treatment with six cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. Improved survival and the acceptable safety profile warrant further investigation of the concept of additional cycles in selected patients.
The short spined crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster brevispinus is a corallivore too
Authors: Keesing John K. , Mortimer Nick , Hellmrich Logan , Godoy Daniel , Babcock Russell C. , Heyward Andrew , Paton David , Harvey Euan S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe short spined crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster brevispinus inhabits deeper water soft bottom habitats, in contrast to the more infamous Indo-Pacific Acanthaster species complex of which population outbreaks have been responsible for widespread coral mortality throughout the Indo-West Pacific region. Acanthaster brevispinus has not previously been regarded as a threat to corals or coral reefs. Here, we report A. brevispinus occurring on mesophotic off-reef or inter-reef habitats in 20–70-m depths dominated by solitary corals off both the western and eastern coasts of Australia. On Ningaloo Reef, A. brevispinus were found on mushroom coral (Cycloseris distorta) beds using an underwater towed camera and further exploration using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) confirmed predation by A. brevispinus on C. distorta. On the southern Great Barrier Reef, A. brevispinus in large numbers were found in habitat dominated by the dendrophylliid Heteropsammia cf. cochlea. Predation on H. cf. cochlea was also directly observed. This is the first confirmed report of predation on hard corals by A. brevispinus, and while there are yet to be any records of population outbreaks of this species, such outbreaks could have a significant effect on mesophotic solitary coral assemblages.
Synthesis of a fluorene and quinoxaline-based co-polymer for organic electronics
Authors: Sigl Marco , Rath Thomas , Schlemmer Bettina , Fürk Peter , Trimmel Gregor 
Published: January 2023

AbstractQuinoxaline has recently gained interest as monomer in conjugated copolymers because of its easy synthetic accessibility and successful use in highly efficient organic solar cells. In this contribution, we introduce a quinoxaline–fluorene-co-polymer, PFQ10, synthesized by copolymerization of 5,8-dibromo-6,7-difluoro-2-[(2-hexyldecyl)oxy]quinoxaline and 9,9-dioctyl-9H-9-fluorene-2,7-bis(boronic acid pinacol ester) using the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. By optimization of the reaction conditions, polymers with molecular weights up to 17.2 kDa and a low dispersity of 1.3 were obtained. PFQ10 showed blue photoluminescence with an emission maximum at 459 nm and a relative fluorescence quantum yield of 0.37. As proof of principle, PFQ10 was employed in organic light-emitting diodes and showed a blue–green electroluminescence.
Graphical abstract
The risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women with premature ovarian insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xi Dan , Chen Biyin , Tao Hui , Xu Yunxiang , Chen Guizhen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) appears to be associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence relating to the risk of patients with POI developing depression or anxiety. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the risk of depressive and anxiety symptoms in women with POI. We searched English and Chinese databases to evaluate the risk of depression and anxiety disorders in patients with POI. The final search date was November 2021. The risk was quantified using meta-analysis, with an estimation of pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis. A total of seven primary studies with 1316 individuals were included, five of which were related to depression and six to anxiety disorders. All included articles were case–control studies of high quality. Patients with POI were associated with a higher odds of depression and anxiety (depression: OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 2.31–4.81, P < 0.001; anxiety: OR = 4.89, 95% CI = 3.28–7.30, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis also indicated that patients with POI are at a higher risk of anxiety and depression. POI appears to be associated with a high risk of depression and anxiety. Early psychosocial assessment and regular screening of patients with POI are also necessary. In addition, it is important to consider the mental health of patients with POI.
Inferring inter-colony movement within metapopulations of yellow-footed rock-wallabies using estimates of kinship
Authors: Smith Deane A. , Lethbridge Mark R. , Allen Benjamin L. , Andrew Rose L. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the exchange of individuals between wildlife populations, particularly those with naturally fragmented habitats, is important for the effective management of these species. This is of particular consequence when the species is of conservation concern, and isolated populations may be lost due to pressures from predation or competition, or catastrophic events such as wildfire. Here we demonstrate the use kinship and population structure analysis to show potential recent movement between colonies in metapopulations of yellow-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale xanthopus Gray 1854) at two sites in the Grey Range of Queensland, and at four sites in the Gawler Ranges of South Australia. These colonies are also compared to a single colony from the Flinders Ranges, a connected landscape of rock-wallaby habitat. Using reduced representation next-generation sequencing, we acquired and filtered a set of ~ 17,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine population genetic variation, structure and relationships within populations, and also identify putative migrants. Initial STRUCTURE analysis re-confirmed each population should be considered separately. Tests of population genetic variation identify several colonies appearing to be experiencing genetic erosion, also with low calculated effective population sizes (Ne = 4.5–36.6). Pairwise comparisons of individual relatedness (relatedness coeffiecients; r) implied several contemporary movement events between colonies within both the Gawler and Grey Ranges (r > 0.125), which was then affirmed with tests for putative first generation migrants. These results are of particular note in South Australia, where threat abatement (management of key predators and competitors) may facilitate dispersion. Additionally, in Queensland, colonies are separated by anthropogenic barriers: predator exclusion fencing designed to exclude dingoes (Canis familiaris) from grazing land, which may hinder dispersal. This work highlights the usefulness of population genetics to inform management outcomes in wildlife, in this case, highlighting the need for threatened species management at the landscape level.
Examining the spatiotemporal variation of genetic diversity and genetic rarity in the natural plant recolonization of human-altered areas
Authors: Garrote Pedro J. , Castilla Antonio R. , Picó F. Xavier , Fedriani Jose M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe spatiotemporal genetic variation at early plant life stages may substantially affect the natural recolonization of human-altered areas, which is crucial to understand plant and habitat conservation. In animal-dispersed plants, dispersers’ behavior may critically drive the distribution of genetic variation. Here, we examine how genetic rarity is spatially and temporally structured in seedlings of a keystone pioneer palm (Chamaerops humilis) and how the variation of genetic rarity could ultimately affect plant recruitment. We intensively monitored the seed rain mediated by two medium-sized carnivores during two consecutive seasons in a Mediterranean human-altered area. We genotyped 143 out of 309 detected seedlings using 12 microsatellite markers. We found that seedlings emerging from carnivore-dispersed seeds showed moderate to high levels of genetic diversity and no evidence of inbreeding. We found inflated kinship among seedlings that emerged from seeds within a single carnivore fecal sample, but a dilution of such FSGS at larger spatial scales (e.g. latrine). Seedlings showed a significant genetic sub-structure and the sibling relationships varied depending on the spatial scale. Rare genotypes arrived slightly later throughout the dispersal season and tended to be spatially isolated. However, genetic rarity was not a significant predictor by itself which indicates that, at least, its influence on seedling survival was smaller than other spatiotemporal factors. Our results suggest strong C. humilis resilience to genetic bottlenecks due to human disturbances. We highlight the study of plant-animal interactions from a genetic perspective since it provides crucial information for plant conservation and the recovery of genetic plant resilience.
The Justice and Ontology of Gastrospaces
Authors: Bonotti Matteo , Borghini Andrea , Piras Nicola , Serini Beatrice 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we establish gastrospaces as a subject of philosophical inquiry and an item for policy agendas. We first explain their political value, as key sites where members of liberal democratic societies can develop the capacity for a sense of justice and the capacity to form, revise, and pursue a conception of the good. Integrating political philosophy with analytic ontology, we then unfold a theoretical framework for gastrospaces: first, we show the limits of the concept of “third place;” second, we lay out the foundations for an ontological model of gastrospaces; third, we introduce five features of gastrospaces that connect their ontology with their political value and with the realization of justice goals. We conclude by briefly illustrating three potential levels of intervention concerning the design, use, and modification of gastrospaces: institutions, keepers, and users.
Trajectories of Affine Control Systems and Geodesics of a Spacetime with a Causal Killing Vector Field
Authors: Bartolo Rossella , Caponio Erasmo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study the geodesic connectedness of a globally hyperbolic spacetime (M,g) admitting a complete smooth Cauchy hypersurface S and endowed with a complete causal Killing vector field K. The main assumptions are that the kernel distribution $\mathcal D$
D
of the one-form induced by K on S is nowhere integrable and that the gradient of g(K,K) is orthogonal to $\mathcal {D}$
D
. We approximate the metric g by metrics gε smoothly depending on a real parameter ε and admitting K as a timelike Killing vector field. A known existence result for geodesics of such type of metrics provides a sequence of approximating solutions, joining two given points, of the geodesic equations of (M,g) and whose Lorentzian energy turns out to be bounded thanks to an argument involving trajectories of some affine control systems related with $\mathcal {D}$
D
.
The Cartesian Grid Active Flux Method with Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Authors: Calhoun Donna , Chudzik Erik , Helzel Christiane 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe present the first implementation of the Active Flux method on adaptively refined Cartesian grids. The Active Flux method is a third order accurate finite volume method for hyperbolic conservation laws, which is based on the use of point values as well as cell average values of the conserved quantities. The resulting method has a compact stencil in space and time and good stability properties. The method is implemented as a new solver in ForestClaw, a software for parallel adaptive mesh refinement of patch-based solvers. On each Cartesian grid patch the single grid Active Flux method can be applied. The exchange of data between grid patches is organised via ghost cells. The local stencil in space and time and the availability of the point values that are used for the reconstruction, leads to an efficient implementation. The resulting method is third order accurate, conservative and allows the use of subcycling in time.