bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Deep Ocean Cooling in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific Ocean at the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition
Authors: Taylor V. E. , Wilson P. A. , Bohaty S. M. , Meckler A. N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAt the Eocene‐Oligocene Transition (EOT), approximately 34 million years ago, Earth abruptly transitioned to a climate state sufficiently cool for Antarctica to sustain large ice sheets for the first time in tens to hundreds of millions of years. Oxygen isotope records from deep‐sea benthic foraminifera (δ18Ob) provide the foundation of our understanding of this pivot point in Cenozoic climate history. A deeper insight, however, is hindered by the paucity of independent deep‐sea temperature reconstructions and the ongoing challenge of deconvolving the temperature and continental ice volume signals embedded in δ18Ob records. Here we present records of deep‐sea temperature change from the eastern equatorial Pacific for the EOT using clumped isotope thermometry, which permits explicit temperature reconstructions independent of seawater chemistry and continental ice volume. Our records suggest that the deep Pacific Ocean cooled markedly at the EOT by 4.7 ± 0.9°C. This decrease in temperature represents the first direct and robust evidence of deep‐sea cooling associated with the inception of major Cenozoic glaciation. However, our data also indicate that this major cooling of the deep Pacific Ocean at the EOT was short‐lived (∼200 kyrs), with temperatures rebounding to values close to pre‐EOT levels by 33.6 Ma. Our calculated record of seawater δ18O suggests that this rebound in ocean temperature occurred despite the continued presence of a large‐scale Antarctic ice sheet. This finding suggests a degree of decoupling between deep ocean temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and the behavior of the newly established Antarctic ice sheet.
Cohort selection and the estimation of racial disparity in mortality of extremely preterm neonates
Authors: Gould Jeffrey B. , Bennett Mihoko V. , Profit Jochen , Lee Henry C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundRacial disparities in preterm neonatal mortality are long-standing. We aimed to assess how cohort selection influences mortality rates and racial disparity estimates.MethodsWith 2014–2018 California data, we compared neonatal mortality rates among Black and non-Hispanic White very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) or very preterm infants (22–29 weeks gestational age). Relative risks were estimated by different cohort selection criteria. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition quantified factors contributing to mortality differential.ResultsDepending upon standard selection criteria, mortality ranged from 6.2% (VLBW infants excluding first 12-h deaths) to 16.0% (22–29 weeks’ gestation including all deaths). Black observed neonatal mortality was higher than White infants only for delivery room deaths in VLBW infants (5.6 vs 4.2%). With risk adjustment accounting for higher rate of low gestational age, low Apgar score and other factors, White infant mortality increased from 15.9 to 16.6%, while Black infant mortality decreased from 16.7 to 13.7% in the 22–29 weeks cohort. Across varying cohort selection, risk adjusted survival advantage among Black infants ranged from 0.70 (CL 0.61–0.80) to 0.84 (CL 0.76–0.93).ConclusionsStandard cohort selection can give markedly different mortality estimates. It is necessary to reduce prematurity rates and perinatal morbidity to improve outcomes for Black infants.ImpactIn this population-based observational cohort study that encompassed very low birth weight infant hospitalizations in California, varying standard methods of cohort selection resulted in neonatal mortality ranges from 6.2 to 16.0%.Across all cohorts, the only significant observed Black-White disparity was for delivery room deaths in Very Low Birth Weight births (5.6 vs 4.2%).Across all cohorts, we found a 16–30% survival advantage for Black infants.Cohort selection can result in an almost three-fold difference in estimated mortality but did not have a meaningful impact on observed or adjusted differences in neonatal mortality outcomes by race and ethnicity.
Age-, sex-, and pathology-related variability in brain structure and cognition
Authors: Bachmann Dario , Buchmann Andreas , Studer Sandro , Saake Antje , Rauen Katrin , Zuber Isabelle , Gruber Esmeralda , Nitsch Roger M. , Hock Christoph , Gietl Anton , Treyer Valerie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work aimed to investigate potential pathways linking age and imaging measures to early age- and pathology-related changes in cognition. We used [18F]-Flutemetamol (amyloid) and [18F]-Flortaucipir (tau) positron emission tomography (PET), structural MRI, and neuropsychological assessment from 232 elderly individuals aged 50–89 years (46.1% women, 23% APOE-ε4 carrier, 23.3% MCI). Tau-PET was available for a subsample of 93 individuals. Structural equation models were used to evaluate cross-sectional pathways between age, amyloid and tau burden, grey matter thickness and volumes, white matter hyperintensity volume, lateral ventricle volume, and cognition. Our results show that age is associated with worse outcomes in most of the measures examined and had similar negative effects on episodic memory and executive functions. While increased lateral ventricle volume was consistently associated with executive function dysfunction, participants with mild cognitive impairment drove associations between structural measures and episodic memory. Both age and amyloid-PET could be associated with medial temporal lobe tau, depending on whether we used a continuous or a dichotomous amyloid variable. Tau burden in entorhinal cortex was related to worse episodic memory in individuals with increased amyloid burden (Centiloid >12) independently of medial temporal lobe atrophy. Testing models for sex differences revealed that amyloid burden was more strongly associated with regional atrophy in women compared with men. These associations were likely mediated by higher tau burden in women. These results indicate that influences of pathological pathways on cognition and sex-specific vulnerabilities are dissociable already in early stages of neuropathology and cognitive impairment.
Preventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in rats with pulsed 810 nm laser transcranial phototherapy
Authors: Zhao Hongyou , Li Yi , Luo Ting , Chou Wenxin , Sun Tianzhen , Liu Haolin , Qiu Haixia , Zhu Dan , Chen Defu , Gu Ying 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition that occurs following exposure to traumatic events. Current treatments, such as psychological debriefing and pharmacotherapy, often have limited efficacy and may result in unwanted side effects, making early intervention is a more desirable strategy. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a single dose of pulsed (10 Hz) 810 nm laser-phototherapy (P-PT) as an early intervention for preventing PTSD-like comorbidities in rats induced by single inescapable electric foot shock following the single prolonged stress (SPS&S). As indicated by the results of the open filed test, elevated plus maze test, and contextual fear conditioning test, P-PT prevented the development of anxiety and freezing behaviors in rats exposed to the SPS&S. We also compared the effects of P-PT and continuous wave 810 nm laser-phototherapy (CW-PT) in preventing PTSD-like comorbidities in rats. The results revealed that P-PT was effective in preventing both freezing and anxiety behavior in stressed rats. In contrast, CW-PT only had a preventive effect on freezing behavior but not anxiety. Additionally, P-PT significantly reduced the c-fos expression in cingulate cortex area 1(Cg1) and infralimbic cortex (IL) of stressed rats, while CW-PT had no significant effects on c-fos expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that P-PT is a highly effective strategy for preventing the occurrence of PTSD-like comorbidities in rats.
The diversified role of mitochondria in ferroptosis in cancer
Authors: Liu Yu’e , Lu Shiping , Wu Lei-lei , Yang Liang , Yang Lixue , Wang Jinghan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFerroptosis is a form of regulated cell death induced by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, and it has been studied extensively since its discovery in 2012. Induced by iron overload and ROS accumulation, ferroptosis is modulated by various cellular metabolic and signaling pathways. The GSH-GPX4 pathway, the FSP1-CoQ10 pathway, the GCH1-BH4 pathway, the DHODH-CoQH2 system and the sex hormones suppress ferroptosis. Mitochondrial iron metabolism regulates ferroptosis and mitochondria also undergo a morphological change during ferroptosis, these changes include increased membrane density and reduced mitochondrial cristae. Moreover, mitochondrial energy metabolism changes during ferroptosis, the increased oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production rates lead to a decrease in the glycolysis rate. In addition, excessive oxidative stress induces irreversible damage to mitochondria, diminishing organelle integrity. ROS production, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitophagy also function in ferroptosis. Notably, some ferroptosis inhibitors target mitochondria. Ferroptosis is a major mechanism for cell death associated with the progression of cancer. Metastasis-prone or metastatic cancer cells are more susceptible to ferroptosis. Inducing ferroptosis in tumor cells shows very promising potential for treating drug-resistant cancers. In this review, we present a brief retrospect of the discovery and the characteristics of ferroptosis, then we discuss the regulation of ferroptosis and highlight the unique role played by mitochondria in the ferroptosis of cancer cells. Furthermore, we explain how ferroptosis functions as a double-edged sword as well as novel therapies aimed at selectively manipulating cell death for cancer eradication.
Systematic review of cnidarian microbiomes reveals insights into the structure, specificity, and fidelity of marine associations
Authors: McCauley M. , Goulet T. L. , Jackson C. R. , Loesgen S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicroorganisms play essential roles in the health and resilience of cnidarians. Understanding the factors influencing cnidarian microbiomes requires cross study comparisons, yet the plethora of protocols used hampers dataset integration. We unify 16S rRNA gene sequences from cnidarian microbiome studies under a single analysis pipeline. We reprocess 12,010 cnidarian microbiome samples from 186 studies, alongside 3,388 poriferan, 370 seawater samples, and 245 cultured Symbiodiniaceae, unifying ~6.5 billion sequence reads. Samples are partitioned by hypervariable region and sequencing platform to reduce sequencing variability. This systematic review uncovers an incredible diversity of 86 archaeal and bacterial phyla associated with Cnidaria, and highlights key bacteria hosted across host sub-phylum, depth, and microhabitat. Shallow (< 30 m) water Alcyonacea and Actinaria are characterized by highly shared and relatively abundant microbial communities, unlike Scleractinia and most deeper cnidarians. Utilizing the V4 region, we find that cnidarian microbial composition, richness, diversity, and structure are primarily influenced by host phylogeny, sampling depth, and ocean body, followed by microhabitat and sampling date. We identify host and geographical generalist and specific Endozoicomonas clades within Cnidaria and Porifera. This systematic review forms a framework for understanding factors governing cnidarian microbiomes and creates a baseline for assessing stress associated dysbiosis.
Ultra-resilient multi-layer fluorinated diamond like carbon hydrophobic surfaces
Authors: Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Li Longnan , Ma Jingcheng , Cha Hyeongyun , Sett Soumyadip , Yan Xiao , Rabbi Kazi Fazle , Ho Jin Yao , Khodakarami Siavash , Suwala Jason , Yang Wentao , Mohammadmoradi Omid , Ince Gozde Ozaydin , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSeventy percent of global electricity is generated by steam-cycle power plants. A hydrophobic condenser surface within these plants could boost overall cycle efficiency by 2%. In 2022, this enhancement equates to an additional electrical power generation of 1000 TWh annually, or 83% of the global solar electricity production. Furthermore, this efficiency increase reduces CO2 emissions by 460 million tons /year with a decreased use of 2 trillion gallons of cooling water per year. However, the main challenge with hydrophobic surfaces is their poor durability. Here, we show that solid microscale-thick fluorinated diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) possesses mechanical and thermal properties that ensure durability in moist, abrasive, and thermally harsh conditions. The F-DLC coating achieves this without relying on atmospheric interactions, infused lubricants, self-healing strategies, or sacrificial surface designs. Through tailored substrate adhesion and multilayer deposition, we develop a pinhole-free F-DLC coating with low surface energy and comparable Young’s modulus to metals. In a three-year steam condensation experiment, the F-DLC coating maintains hydrophobicity, resulting in sustained and improved dropwise condensation on multiple metallic substrates. Our findings provide a promising solution to hydrophobic material fragility and can enhance the sustainability of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
Cellular profiling of a recently-evolved social behavior in cichlid fishes
Authors: Johnson Zachary V. , Hegarty Brianna E. , Gruenhagen George W. , Lancaster Tucker J. , McGrath Patrick T. , Streelman Jeffrey T. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSocial behaviors are diverse in nature, but it is unclear how conserved genes, brain regions, and cell populations generate this diversity. Here we investigate bower-building, a recently-evolved social behavior in cichlid fishes. We use single nucleus RNA-sequencing in 38 individuals to show signatures of recent behavior in specific neuronal populations, and building-associated rebalancing of neuronal proportions in the putative homolog of the hippocampal formation. Using comparative genomics across 27 species, we trace bower-associated genome evolution to a subpopulation of glia lining the dorsal telencephalon. We show evidence that building-associated neural activity and a departure from quiescence in this glial subpopulation together regulate hippocampal-like neuronal rebalancing. Our work links behavior-associated genomic variation to specific brain cell types and their functions, and suggests a social behavior has evolved through changes in glia.
GATA2 mitotic bookmarking is required for definitive haematopoiesis
Authors: Silvério-Alves Rita , Kurochkin Ilia , Rydström Anna , Vazquez Echegaray Camila , Haider Jakob , Nicholls Matthew , Rode Christina , Thelaus Louise , Lindgren Aida Yifter , Ferreira Alexandra Gabriela , Brandão Rafael , Larsson Jonas , de Bruijn Marella F. T. R. , Martin-Gonzalez Javier , Pereira Carlos-Filipe 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn mitosis, most transcription factors detach from chromatin, but some are retained and bookmark genomic sites. Mitotic bookmarking has been implicated in lineage inheritance, pluripotency and reprogramming. However, the biological significance of this mechanism in vivo remains unclear. Here, we address mitotic retention of the hemogenic factors GATA2, GFI1B and FOS during haematopoietic specification. We show that GATA2 remains bound to chromatin throughout mitosis, in contrast to GFI1B and FOS, via C-terminal zinc finger-mediated DNA binding. GATA2 bookmarks a subset of its interphase targets that are co-enriched for RUNX1 and other regulators of definitive haematopoiesis. Remarkably, homozygous mice harbouring the cyclin B1 mitosis degradation domain upstream Gata2 partially phenocopy knockout mice. Degradation of GATA2 at mitotic exit abolishes definitive haematopoiesis at aorta-gonad-mesonephros, placenta and foetal liver, but does not impair yolk sac haematopoiesis. Our findings implicate GATA2-mediated mitotic bookmarking as critical for definitive haematopoiesis and highlight a dependency on bookmarkers for lineage commitment.
Enantioconvergent construction of stereogenic silicon via Lewis base-catalyzed dynamic kinetic silyletherification of racemic chlorosilanes
Authors: Hu Tianbao , Zhao Chen , Zhang Yan , Kuang Yuzhong , Gao Lu , Wang Wanshu , Su Zhishan , Song Zhenlei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOrganosilanes possessing an enantioenriched stereogenic silicon center are important in many branches of chemistry, yet they remain challenging to synthesize in a practical and scalable way. Here we report a dynamic kinetic silyletherification process of racemic chlorosilanes with (S)-lactates using 4-aminopyridine as a Lewis base catalyst. This enantioconvergent approach asymmetrically constructs the stereogenic silicon center in a different manner from traditional resolution or desymmetrization. A range of silylethers have been prepared with high diastereoselectivity on up to 10 g-scale, allowing the practical synthesis of diverse enantioenriched organosilane analogs.
Programming conformational cooperativity to regulate allosteric protein-oligonucleotide signal transduction
Authors: Liang Yuan , Qie Yunkai , Yang Jing , Wu Ranfeng , Cui Shuang , Zhao Yuliang , Anderson Greg J. , Nie Guangjun , Li Suping , Zhang Cheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractConformational cooperativity is a universal molecular effect mechanism and plays a critical role in signaling pathways. However, it remains a challenge to develop artificial molecular networks regulated by conformational cooperativity, due to the difficulties in programming and controlling multiple structural interactions. Herein, we develop a cooperative strategy by programming multiple conformational signals, rather than chemical signals, to regulate protein-oligonucleotide signal transduction, taking advantage of the programmability of allosteric DNA constructs. We generate a cooperative regulation mechanism, by which increasing the loop lengths at two different structural modules induced the opposite effects manifesting as down- and up-regulation. We implement allosteric logic operations by using two different proteins. Further, in cell culture we demonstrate the feasibility of this strategy to cooperatively regulate gene expression of PLK1 to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, responding to orthogonal protein-signal stimulation. This programmable conformational cooperativity paradigm has potential applications in the related fields.
Toll-like receptor 4 and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 crosstalk regulates phagocytosis of a fungal pathogen
Authors: Onyishi Chinaemerem U. , Desanti Guillaume E. , Wilkinson Alex L. , Lara-Reyna Samuel , Frickel Eva-Maria , Fejer Gyorgy , Christophe Olivier D. , Bryant Clare E. , Mukhopadhyay Subhankar , Gordon Siamon , May Robin C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe opportunistic fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans causes lethal infections in immunocompromised patients. Macrophages are central to the host response to cryptococci; however, it is unclear how C. neoformans is recognised and phagocytosed by macrophages. Here we investigate the role of TLR4 in the non-opsonic phagocytosis of C. neoformans. We find that loss of TLR4 function unexpectedly increases phagocytosis of non-opsonised cryptococci by murine and human macrophages. The increased phagocytosis observed in Tlr4−/− cells was dampened by pre-treatment of macrophages with oxidised-LDL, a known ligand of scavenger receptors. The scavenger receptor, macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) (also known as SR-A1 or CD204) was upregulated in Tlr4−/− macrophages. Genetic ablation of MSR1 resulted in a 75% decrease in phagocytosis of non-opsonised cryptococci, strongly suggesting that it is a key non-opsonic receptor for this pathogen. We go on to show that MSR1-mediated uptake likely involves the formation of a multimolecular signalling complex involving FcγR leading to SYK, PI3K, p38 and ERK1/2 activation to drive actin remodelling and phagocytosis. Altogether, our data indicate a hitherto unidentified role for TLR4/MSR1 crosstalk in the non-opsonic phagocytosis of C. neoformans.
Efficient electrospray deposition of surfaces smaller than the spray plume
Authors: Park Sarah H. , Lei Lin , D’Souza Darrel , Zipkin Robert , DiMartini Emily T. , Atzampou Maria , Lallow Emran O. , Shan Jerry W. , Zahn Jeffrey D. , Shreiber David I. , Lin Hao , Maslow Joel N. , Singer Jonathan P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractElectrospray deposition (ESD) is a promising technique for depositing micro-/nano-scale droplets and particles with high quality and repeatability. It is particularly attractive for surface coating of costly and delicate biomaterials and bioactive compounds. While high efficiency of ESD has only been successfully demonstrated for spraying surfaces larger than the spray plume, this work extends its utility to smaller surfaces. It is shown that by architecting the local “charge landscape”, ESD coatings of surfaces smaller than plume size can be achieved. Efficiency approaching 100% is demonstrated with multiple model materials, including biocompatible polymers, proteins, and bioactive small molecules, on both flat and microneedle array targets. UV-visible spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography measurements validate the high efficiency and quality of the sprayed material. Here, we show how this process is an efficient and more competitive alternative to other conformal coating mechanisms, such as dip coating or inkjet printing, for micro-engineered applications.
Identification of gene function based on models capturing natural variability of Arabidopsis thaliana lipid metabolism
Authors: Córdoba Sandra Correa , Tong Hao , Burgos Asdrúbal , Zhu Feng , Alseekh Saleh , Fernie Alisdair R. , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLipids play fundamental roles in regulating agronomically important traits. Advances in plant lipid metabolism have until recently largely been based on reductionist approaches, although modulation of its components can have system-wide effects. However, existing models of plant lipid metabolism provide lumped representations, hindering detailed study of component modulation. Here, we present the Plant Lipid Module (PLM) which provides a mechanistic description of lipid metabolism in the Arabidopsis thaliana rosette. We demonstrate that the PLM can be readily integrated in models of A. thaliana Col-0 metabolism, yielding accurate predictions (83%) of single lethal knock-outs and 75% concordance between measured transcript and predicted flux changes under extended darkness. Genome-wide associations with fluxes obtained by integrating the PLM in diel condition- and accession-specific models identify up to 65 candidate genes modulating A. thaliana lipid metabolism. Using mutant lines, we validate up to 40% of the candidates, paving the way for identification of metabolic gene function based on models capturing natural variability in metabolism.