bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of antioxidant activities and their bioavailability of tropical plants
Authors: Pujiawati Y , Khotijah L , Wiryawan IKG 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Indonesia has many types of plants that have the potential to be used as natural antioxidants. This study aims to characterize natural sources of antioxidants from five plants species: jackfruit leaves, turmeric, black tea, soursop peels, and aloe vera. The method used involved an analysis of phytochemicals in the form of polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids. As well as analysis of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Duncan’s test. Based on these data, the highest yields were found in jackfruit leaves, turmeric, black tea, and aloe vera (P<0.05), while the lowest yields were found in soursop peels. Based on phytochemical data, the highest total phenol was found in jackfruit leaves and soursop skin (P<0.05). While the highest flavonoid content was found in black tea and aloe vera (P<0.05), and the highest tannin content was found in black tea and soursop skin. Based on the method of measuring antioxidant activity, it was found that jackfruit leaves and black tea had the highest antioxidant activity.
Valorization of biomass using deep eutectic solvent: a short review
Authors: Onwucha C. N. , Talabi J. O. , Ajayi S. O. , Ehi-Eromosele C. O. , Ajanaku K. O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The current rise in global energy demand has led to environmental concerns such as resource depletion and pollution. This has steered researchers towards exploring different renewable sources to achieve a sustainable circular bio-economy. Interestingly, the abundant nature of lignocellulose biomass (LCB) has attracted a lot of attention in the production of various specialty chemicals and fuels. The valorization of LCB requires that the recalcitrant structure of the biomass be broken down. However, the high capital cost, operating temperature, and several constraints that accompanythe pretreatment process make most of the pretreatment process economically unviable. Therefore, the quest for an environmentally benign pretreatment process led to the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DES). They are classified as green solvents due to their biodegradable properties, lowcosts, eco-friendliness, enzyme compatibility, facile methods of synthesis, and recyclability. This review aims at giving information on LCB, Ionic liquids (ILs), and DES, the valorization of biomass to produce biofuel, and the recyclability of DES.
Impacts of Aerosol Scattering Attenuation on Free-Space Optical Communication in Owerri, Nigeria
Authors: Ayo-Akanbi O. A. , Akinwumi S. A. , Omotosho T.V. , A Arijaje T. , Ometan O. O. , Adewusi O. M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In spite of the several benefits of using free-space optical (FSO) communication systems as complementary platforms for next-generation networks, the existence of atmospheric disturbances such fog and scintillations are key sources of signal impairment that affect system performance. Thus, it is crucial to learn about the specific weather patterns of the areas where FSO lines will be installed. The purpose of this work is to estimate the availability performance of FSO lines broadcasting at both 850 nm and 1550 nm by performing a statistical analysis of meteorological visibility data gathered for Owerri in Nigeria over a 21-year period (2000-2021). The results shows that the visibility during the most common fog events in Owerri is 100 meters. The probabilities of encountering and exceeding the scattering attenuations associated with Owerri’s most common fog event are 0.0002 and 0.0229, respectively. This research could be expanded in the future by exploring the effects of varying localized climatic conditions on the many forms of optical signals, such as plane, spherical, and Gaussian beam waves.
Groundwater occurrence and flow in varying geological formations
Authors: Ojoawo Ayobami Ismaila , Adagunodo Theophilus Aanuoluwa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGroundwater includes water that is formed within the unsaturated zone (soil), above the water table (capillary fringe) and below the water table. Its occurrence is everywhere, and it is restricted to a maximum of 750 m depth in the near surface. Groundwater availability within the subsurface formation has become a primary concern to the geoscientists because the dependency of surface water has been limited and declined due to it inadequate yield during the period of a year and also the surface contaminant which affect its quality and potential. The investigation of groundwater in the near surface has been a major principal discovery which has served both the domestic, commercial, agricultural and industrial purposes and to understand the continuity of groundwater availability within the subsurface, a study on occurrence and flow of groundwater is highly significant. Understanding the flow pattern is a major constituent in productive groundwater exploitation and exploration. Therefore, this review has been design to place emphasis on the occurrence and flow of groundwater in the near surface, which is one of the agenda of the Sustainable Development Goals.
Retrograde Assemblages of Gneisses at Arigidi and Erusu Areas of Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oziegbe E. J. , Oziegbe O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The study is aimed to unravel the presence of low-grade minerals in the migmatite terrain of Southwestern Nigeria. Mineral and textural relationship of mineral assemblages were determined using a petrographic microscope, while chemical composition was analyzed using XRF and LA-ICP-MS. Petrographic studies show the mineral assemblage, biotite + plagioclase + chlorite + epidote + quartz + muscovite + ilmenite ± calcite. There is intense alteration of both biotite and plagioclase. Textural evidence shows chloritization of biotite and epidotization of both biotite and plagioclase. Epidotization of biotite is basically at the edges of biotite while that of plagioclase in more intense at the core of grains. Primary foliation is defined by mineralogical banding of quartzo-feldspathic and mafic minerals, while secondary foliation is defined by both biotite and chlorite. SiO2 contents are high in both gneisses (> 60 wt %), while there is a high depletion of REE. The results from field observations, mineral assemblages and textural relationship suggests that deformation due to shearing could have enhanced the retrograde chloritization of gneisses. Shearing could have created a path for the influx of fluid (H2O & CO2) thus triggering alteration of both biotite and plagioclase. Hydrothermal fluids containing K+ can be said to have initiated the retrograde process which gave rise to reactions that produces secondary low grade minerals; chlorite, epidote and muscovite.
Investigation of subsurface contaminants leachate within Ansaru-Islam Secondary School, Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Suleman K. O. , Adagunodo T. A. , Ogunmola O. L. , Adeoye T. O. , Sunmonu L. A. , Alagbe G. A. , Agboola R. O. , Usikalu M. R. , Isibor P. O. , Akinwumi S. A. , Olawole O. C. , Babarimisa I. O. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study adopts the use of Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and 2-D resistivity imaging (employing Schlumberger and Wenner array configurations) to investigate and map the extent of leachate’s migration and its possible impacts on groundwater within Abata Asunkere dumpsite, Ilorin, Kwara State. This study was inspired by the unrestrained manner of garbage dumping in the area over time, which poses great threat to the availability of clean water for the increasing populace. To delineate the subsurface, 2-D resistivity imaging data were acquired along two traverses, while the VES data were randomly acquired along the established traverses. The 2-D resistivity imaging and VES data were processed using Res2D and IPI2Win software respectively. The results of the 2-D and VES revealed five (5) geoelectric sections, which correspond to the topsoil, clayey sand, weathered basement, fractured basement and fresh basement rocks with H, QH and KH sounding signature curve types. The topsoil has layer thickness of 0.5 - 1.7 m and resistivity values ranging from 11.9 - 165 Ωm. The clayey sand has layer thicknesses between 0.7 - 2.8 m and resistivity values ranging from 20.1 - 56 Ωm. The weathered basement has thickness of 0.9 - 16.3 m and resistivity values ranging from 2.09 - 5.25 Ωm. The fractured to fresh basement has resistivity values ranging from 26.8 - 3000 Ωm with thickness ranging from 5.3 m to infinity. The third layer with low resistivity values of 2.09 - 3.52 Ωm at depth range 0.9 - 10 m is suggestive of leachate contamination. The outcome of this study indicates that some regions around the dumpsite are susceptible to leachate’s contamination, which has tendencies to permeate the unconfined aquifers in the study area if not properly monitored and controlled.
Hiding among colors: background color diversity impedes detection time
Authors: Sadiq Akhil , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAvoiding detection is vital for the survival of many animals. Factors extrinsic to animals, such as the visual complexity of the background, have been shown to impede the detection of animals. Studies using artificial and natural backgrounds have attributed background complexity to various visual features of the background. One feature that has received less attention is the diversity of color (hue) in the background. We used chickens and artificial backgrounds containing perceptually distinct elements in experiments to test whether color and luminance diversity affect detection time. We found that color diversity in the background impeded detection, while color diversity in prey and luminance diversity in the background did not impede detection. We also did not find an effect of luminance contrast on detection time. Our study suggests a prey animal can benefit in terms of increased detection times by predators when resting on backgrounds with enhanced color diversity.
Permissiveness and competition within and between Neurospora crassa syncytia
Authors: Mela Alexander P , Glass N Louise 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A multinucleate syncytium is a common growth form in filamentous fungi. Comprehensive functions of the syncytial state remain unknown, but it likely allows for a wide range of adaptations to enable filamentous fungi to coordinate growth, reproduction, responses to the environment, and to distribute nuclear and cytoplasmic elements across a colony. Indeed, the underlying mechanistic details of how syncytia regulate cellular and molecular processes spatiotemporally across a colony are largely unexplored. Here, we implemented a strategy to analyze the relative fitness of different nuclear populations in syncytia of Neurospora crassa, including nuclei with loss-of-function mutations in essential genes, based on production of multinucleate asexual spores using flow cytometry of pairings between strains with differentially fluorescently tagged nuclear histones. The distribution of homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores in pairings was assessed between different auxotrophic and morphological mutants, as well as with strains that were defective in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible. Mutant nuclei were compartmentalized into both homokaryotic and heterokaryotic asexual spores, a type of bet hedging for maintenance and evolution of mutational events, despite disadvantages to the syncytium. However, in pairings between strains that were blocked in somatic cell fusion or were heterokaryon incompatible, we observed a “winner-takes-all” phenotype, where asexual spores originating from paired strains were predominantly one genotype. These data indicate that syncytial fungal cells are permissive and tolerate a wide array of nuclear functionality, but that cells/colonies that are unable to cooperate via syncytia formation actively compete for resources.
Physiological Dysregulation Proceeds and Predicts Health Outcomes Similarly in Chinese and Western Populations
Authors: Li Qing , Legault Véronique , Hermann Honfo Sewanou , Milot Emmanuel , Jia Qingzhou , Wang Fuqing , Ferrucci Luigi , Bandinelli Stefania , Cohen Alan A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
A decade ago, we proposed an index of physiological dysregulation based on Mahalanobis distance (DM) that measures how far from the norm an individual biomarker profile is. While extensive validation has been performed, focus was mostly on Western populations with little comparison to developing countries, particularly at a physiological system level. The degree to which the approach would work in other sociocultural contexts and the similarity of dysregulation signatures across diverse populations are still open questions.

Methods
Using 2 data sets from China and 3 from Western countries (United States, United Kingdom, and Italy), we calculated DM globally and per physiological system. We assessed pairwise correlations among systems, difference with age, prediction of mortality and age-related diseases, and sensitivity to interchanging data sets with one another as the reference in DM calculation.

Results
Overall, results were comparable across all data sets. Different physiological systems showed distinct dysregulation processes. Association with age was moderate and often nonlinear, similarly for all populations. Mahalanobis distance predicted most health outcomes, although differently by physiological system. Using a Chinese population as the reference when calculating DM for Western populations, or vice versa, led to similar associations with health outcomes, with a few exceptions.

Conclusions
While small differences were noticeable, they did not systematically emerge between Chinese and Western populations, but rather diffusively across all data sets. These findings suggest that DM presents similar properties, notwithstanding sociocultural backgrounds, and that it is equally effective in capturing the loss of homeostasis that occurs during aging in diverse industrial human populations.
Constitutional framings of the right to abortion: A global view
Authors: Śledzińska-Simon Anna 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
At the present time, no national constitution expressly guarantees access to abortion as a human right. Yet, despite the absence of explicit constitutional provisions, a growing body of case law from countries’ highest courts recognizes abortion as a fundamental, natural right. Judicial interpretations of the right to abortion are evolving, with courts considering it a derivative of the constitutional guarantees of liberty, equality, dignity, or, more recently, the protection of health. Conversely, some courts, notably in the United States and Poland, have ruled out the possibility of such a right having constitutional status. This Reflection outlines current constitutional approaches to the right to abortion. It highlights an important paradigm shift in constitutional law toward framing abortion as part of the right to reproductive health, as already affirmed in international human rights law. Reproductive rights are now defined in relation to the state’s obligation, on the one hand, not to interfere with reproductive choices and, on the other hand, to provide women and girls with conditions ensuring freedom of choice, but also to determine the limits of their choices.
Impact of robotic-assisted and video-assisted sympathetic nerve reconstruction on quality of life for severe compensatory hyperhidrosis after thoracic sympathectomy
Authors: Rojas Dorian , Duggan Simon M , Mauduit Marion , Anselmi Amedeo , Verhoye Jean-Philippe , Rouze Simon , Valla Jean , Richard De Latour Bertrand 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Severe compensatory hyperhidrosis (CH) is a disabling complication following thoracic sympathectomy. Our study was to establish valid patient selection criteria and determine outcomes of nerve reconstructive surgery. Furthermore, we assessed the clinical feasibility and safety of a robotic-assisted approach compared to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

METHODS
Adults with severe CH following bilateral sympathectomy for primary hyperhidrosis were enrolled. We performed 2 questionnaires: the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and the Dermatology Life Quality Index before and 6 months after nerve reconstructive surgery. A one-time evaluation of healthy volunteers (controls) was undertaken to validate the quality of life measures.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients (mean age 34.1 ± 11.5 years) underwent sympathetic nerve reconstruction. None of the patients had a recurrence of primary hyperhidrosis. Improvement in quality of life was reported in 50% of patients. Both mean Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and mean Dermatology Life Quality Index were significantly reduced compared to preoperative assessments. In 10 patients, a video-assisted approach and in 4 patients robotic assistance was utilized. There was no significant difference in outcomes between approaches.

CONCLUSIONS
Somatic–autonomic nerve reconstructive surgery offers a reversal in the debilitating symptoms in some patients with severe CH. Proper patient selection, preoperative counselling and management of expectation are of paramount importance. Robot-assisted thoracic surgery is an alternative method to conventional video-assisted surgery. Our study provides a practical approach and benchmark for future clinical practice and research.
Prayer and Buddhism? The Supreme Offering
Authors: Teiser Stephen F 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHow can comparative categories be used with vigorous attention to historical context and cultural variation? My example is the concept of prayer applied to various forms of premodern Buddhism. After analyzing past attempts to square theocentric notions with Buddhism, I propose a more circumspect mode of comparison. Adopting a performative approach to the study of religious language, I stipulate prayer as “speech acts directed toward seen and unseen sentient beings.” This strategy broadens the addressees in prayer discourse to include Buddhas, bodhisattvas, minor gods, ghosts, spirits, and other beings. It also covers a wide range of Buddhist practice and focuses on exchange, morality, and bodily engagement. The article then analyzes a specific ritual, the supreme offering, found in many articulations across Buddhist cultures. The conclusion argues that this approach offers several insights. Engaging a wide range of beings in the cosmos, the supreme offering envisages a hierarchical moral community. The different steps in prayer highlight the importance of karma in Buddhist ritual. As a regimen of practice, the supreme offering aims at forming ethical dispositions and cultivating character.
#2647 MENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY AND RISK OF DEMENTIA IN WOMEN WITH PRE-DIALYSIS CKD: A NATIONWIDE OBSERVATIONAL COHORT STUDY
Authors: Huh Hyuk , Kim Dong Ki , Cho Semin , Kim Jung-Hyun , Joo Kwon Wook 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The risk of dementia is increased in postmenopausal women. The incidences of premature menopause and dementia are increased in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, the potential benefit of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for cognitive function may be a more critical issue in CKD patients.

Method
Menopausal women over 40 years with or without HRT were identified through the National Health Screening questionnaire in 2009. Among the subjects, those newly diagnosed with CKD between 2009 and 2013 were enrolled. HRT was used as an exposure variable and was followed from the day when CKD was diagnosed to December 2019. The hazard ratio (HR) of dementia was evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results
We included 755,426 postmenopausal women with CKD. The median follow-up period was 7.3 (IQR, 5.8-8.7) years. All-cause dementia occurred in 107,848 (14.3%), Alzheimer's disease in 87,833 (11.6%), and vascular dementia in 10,245 (1.4%). HRT was significantly associated with a lower risk of dementia in the adjusted Cox regression model (all-cause dementia: hazard ratio [HR] 0.796, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.776-0.816, P &lt; 0.001; Alzheimer's disease: HR 0.795, 95% CI 0.773-0.818, P &lt; 0.001; vascular dementia: HR 0.803, 95% CI 0.743-0.868, P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
HRT was significantly associated with a lower risk of CKD-related cognitive dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Prospective studies on whether HRT lowers the risk of dementia in menopausal women with CKD are needed.
#3382 REASONS FOR DIALYSIS INITIATION AND SAFETY OF DAPAGLIFLOZIN AMONG DIALYSIS PARTICIPANTS: NEW INSIGHTS FROM DAPA-CKD
Authors: Heerspink Hiddo Lambers , Wheeler David C , Jong Niels , Correa-Rotter Ricardo , Rossing Peter , Gansevoort Ronald , Mcmurray John , Langkilde Anna Maria , Toto Robert , Chertow Glenn 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
The DAPA-CKD trial demonstrated that dapagliflozin reduced the risk of kidney failure in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with or without type 2 diabetes. In contrast to most other trials, participants who reached dialysis were allowed to continue study medication with dapagliflozin or placebo. In this pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial, we assessed reasons for dialysis initiation and serious adverse events (SAEs) among participants who initiated dialysis and continued the study medication.

Method
The DAPA-CKD trial randomized 4304 patients with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 25−75 mL/min/1.73m2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200−5000 mg/g) to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo in addition to standard of care. Chronic dialysis was defined as the need for dialysis for at least 28 days. Investigator reported reasons for dialysis and SAEs were summarized by treatment groups.

Results
During median 2.4 years follow-up, 68/2152 (3.2%) and 99/2152 (4.6%) participants in the dapaglifozin and placebo groups respectively required chronic dialysis. Reasons for dialysis initiation are shown in the Table below, with volume overload being the most frequently reported. Roughly one-third of patients in both groups had discontinued study drug in advance of dialysis initiation; in the dapagliflozin and placebo groups, 25/68 (37%) and 41/99 (41%) continued the blinded study medication while receiving chronic dialysis. Among these, SAEs were reported in 8/25 (32%) and 11/41 (27%), respectively.

Conclusion
Participants who continued dapagliflozin or placebo after dialysis initiation experienced similar rates of SAEs. To determine whether dapagliflozin provides cardiovascular or other benefits to patients with kidney failure on chronic dialysis, will require a dedicated prospective trial. Based on our prespecified exploratory analysis, we observed no safety concerns that might discourage the conduct of such a trial.

Funding
This study was funded by AstraZeneca