bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the performance of the Generalized Hyperbolic skew Student t-distribution in modeling risk via simulation studies
Authors: Albert Antwi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The exponential-polynomial tail of the generalized hyperbolic skew Student-t distribution allows it to handle volatility asymmetry, heavy-semi heavy tails, and substantial skewness, thus the distribution has been found to be superiority in modelling volatility and extreme tail risk in comparison to competing distributions. However, because there are no known empirical tests to clearly differentiate between the tails of the empirical distribution of returns, one is likely to wrongly identify the generalized hyperbolic skew Student t-distribution as the true distribution. Under such circumstances, should one be worried about the accuracy of the forecasts? This is the question the study seeks to answer to provide insights to practitioners and researchers. In this regard, simulated returns are generated via GARCH framework under different distributional data generating assumptions and are then used to forecast volatility and tail risk to assess the performance of the different distributional assumptions. Observations from the results suggest that under a mis-specified distributional assumption for the true data generating process, the generalized hyperbolic skew Student-t distribution do not trade off forecast accuracies in for volatility and extreme tail risk forecasts but the same cannot be said about value-at-risk when the extreme returns occur below the quantile of interest. It is therefore recommended that when volatility and extreme tail risk forecasting is the objective of interest, and the tails of the returns are more Gaussian-like and exhibit substantial skewness, one should not be worried about the accuracy of the forecast when the generalized hyperbolic skew Student-t distribution is wrongly identified as the true distribution of the data generating process.
Assessing Climatic Anomalies and Trends: A Comprehensive Study of rainfall indices, minimum and maximum temperature
Authors: Arya Er. Vinay , Rao Mavidnam Someshwar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Understanding the intricate interplay of climate variables and their impacts on regional ecosystems is paramount for informed decision-making and effective adaptation strategies. This study delves into the multifaceted climate dynamics of the middle Ganga basin through a comprehensive analysis that spans spatial patterns, temporal trends, and statistical methodologies. Spatial analysis of wet and dry events from 1991 to 2020 reveals distinct regional variations. The upper half of the basin experiences heightened wet years, while the lower half grapples with recurring severe droughts. Augmenting the spatial exploration, our examination of rainfall and temperature trends highlights dynamic precipitation patterns, ranging from 500 to 1400 mm annually. Minimum and maximum temperatures exhibit variations across four temporal spans, furnishing a holistic portrayal of temperature dynamics. Harnessing the power of statistical tools, we unveil temporal trends through linear regression, Mann Kendall tests, and Sen's slope, offering a robust comprehension of rainfall and temperature shifts. These insights empower stakeholders with actionable data for resilient decision-making. Our research, deeply rooted in the middle Ganga basin's specifics, underscores the necessity of localized studies to unlock the complexities of climate dynamics. This approach aligns with the drive for precise climate adaptation and mitigation measures, promoting a harmonious coexistence of human development and environmental integrity. By fusing spatial analyses, trend assessments, and robust statistics, this study paints an intricate tapestry of climate dynamics. With implications for sustainable development, resource management, and policy formulation, these findings foster the narrative of climate resilience in the heart of the middle Ganga basin.
Development of the hyolaryngeal architecture in horseshoe bats: Insights into the evolution of the pulse generation for laryngeal echolocation
Authors: Nojiri Taro , Takechi Masaki , Furutera Toshiko , Brualla Nicolas L.M. , Iseki Sachiko , Fukui Dai , Tu Vuong Tan , Meguro Fumiya , Koyabu Daisuke 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
The hyolaryngeal apparatus generates biosonar pulses in the laryngeally echolocating bats. The cartilage and muscles comprising the hyolarynx of laryngeally echolocating bats are morphologically modified compared to those of non-bat mammals, as represented by the hypertrophied intrinsic laryngeal muscle. Despite its crucial contribution to laryngeal echolocation, how the development of the hyolarynx in bats differs from that of other mammals is poorly documented. The genus Rhinolophus is one of the most sophisticated laryngeal echolocators, with the highest pulse frequency in bats. The present study provides the first detailed description of the three-dimensional anatomy and development of the skeleton, cartilage, muscle, and innervation patterns of the hyolaryngeal apparatus in two species of rhinolophid bats using micro-computed tomography images and serial tissue sections and compares them with those of laboratory mice. Furthermore, we measured the peak frequency of the echolocation pulse in active juvenile and adult individuals to correspond to echolocation pulses with hyolaryngeal morphology at each postnatal stage.
Results
We found that the sagittal crests of the cricoid cartilage separated the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle in horseshoe bats, indicating that this unique morphology may be required to reinforce the repeated closure movement of the glottis during biosonar pulse emission. We also found that the cricothyroid muscle is ventrally hypertrophied throughout ontogeny, and that the cranial laryngeal nerve has a novel branch supplying the hypertrophied region of this muscle. Our bioacoustic analyses revealed that the peak frequency shows negative allometry against skull growth, and that the volumetric growth of all laryngeal cartilages is correlated with the pulse peak frequency.
Conclusions
The unique patterns of muscle and innervation revealed in this study appear to have been obtained concomitantly with the acquisition of tracheal chambers in rhinolophids and hipposiderids, improving sound intensity during laryngeal echolocation. In addition, significant protrusion of the sagittal crest of the cricoid cartilage and the separated dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle may contribute to the sophisticated biosonar in this laryngeally echolocating lineage. Furthermore, our bioacoustic data suggested that the mineralization of these cartilages underpins the ontogeny of echolocation pulse generation. The results of the present study provide crucial insights into how the anatomy and development of the hyolaryngeal apparatus shape the acoustic diversity in bats.
Return to work after hospitalization for sepsis; a nationwide, registry-based cohort study.
Authors: Skei Nina , Mo Karoline , Nilsen Tom Ivar Lund , Aasdahl Lene , Prescott Hallie , Damås Jan Kristian , Gustad Lise Tuset 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background: Survivors of sepsis hospitalization commonly experience functional impairment, which may limit return to work. We aimed to investigate return to work (RTW) of patients with sepsis and the associations between patient and clinical characteristics with RTW.
Methods: Working-age patients (18 to 60 years) admitted to a Norwegian hospital with sepsis between 2010 and end of 2021 were identified using the Norwegian Patient Registry and linked to sick-leave data from the Norwegian National Social Security System Registry. The outcomes were time to RTW, trends in age-standardized proportions of RTW and probability of sustainable RTW (31 days of consecutive work). The trends were calculated for each admission year, reported as annual percentage change with 95% CI. Cox regression analysis, including crude and adjusted hazard risk (HRs), was used to explore the association between sustainable RTW and patient and clinical characteristics (e.g., COVID-19 vs non-COVID-19 sepsis, ward vs intensive care admission) with RTW.
Results Among 35.839 hospitalizations for sepsis among patients aged 18 to 60 years during the study period, 12.260 (34.2%) were working prior to hospitalization and included in this study. The mean age was 43.7 years. At 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-discharge, 58.6%, 67.5%, and 63.4%, respectively, were working. The overall annual age-standardized RTW proportion at 6 months and 1 year remained stable throughout the study period, while the 2-year age-standardized RTW declined by 1.51% (95% CI, -2.22 to -0.79) per year, from 70.01% (95% CI, 67.21 to 74.80) in 2010 to 57.04% (95% CI, 53.81to 60.28) in 2019. Characteristics associated with sustainable RTW were younger age, fewer comorbidities, and fewer organ dysfunctions. The probability of sustainable RTW was higher in patients with COVID-19-related sepsis (HR 1.31; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.49) than in sepsis patients and lower in ICU-patients (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.61) compared to ward-patients.
Conclusion The decrease in RTW from 1 to 2 years and the temporal trend of declining RTW at 2 years needs attention, and further work facilitation efforts are required, especially in vulnerable groups that may need other interventions than today to achieve sustained RTW.
DEPENDÊNCIA FUNCIONAL DENTRO E FORA DE CASA EM PESSOAS IDOSAS COM 75 ANOS OU MAIS: DIFERENÇAS ENTRE OS SEXOS
Authors: Alves Erika Valeska Costa , Leme Daniel Eduardo Cunha , Lima Maria do Carmo  Correia de , Guimarães Márcia Alves , Borim Flávia Silva Arbex , Fattori André 
Published: September 2023

Introdução: O sexo é um importante fator a ser considerado na compreensão da dependência de cuidados na velhice, uma vez que rege diferentes oportunidades sociais e intelectuais, ao longo do curso de vida. Objetivo: Verificar fatores associados à dependência, dentro e fora de casa, em pessoas idosas com 75 anos ou mais, com ênfase na diferença entre os sexos. Metodologia: Pesquisa transversal com dados do estudo FIBRA. A capacidade funcional nas Atividades Instrumentais de Vida Diária (AIVDs) foi dividida em atividades realizadas dentro de casa (uso do telefone, manejo da medicação, tarefas domésticas e preparo da refeição) e atividades realizadas fora de casa (fazer compras, utilizar transporte e manejo do dinheiro). As variáveis independentes incluíram aspectos sociodemográficas e de saúde. Foram estimadas razões de prevalência por meio de modelos de regressão múltipla de Poisson a fim de verificar as variáveis associadas com dependência dentro e fora de casa. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 804 idosos. Dentro de casa, não houve fatores associados à dependência para o sexo masculino. Enquanto para o sexo feminino, os fatores associados foram fragilidade (RP = 1,99; 95%IC: 1,26-3,15) e 80 anos e mais (RP = 1,41; 95%IC: 1,05-1,89). Quanto à dependência fora de casa, a fragilidade destacou-se como um fator associado a ambos os sexos, masculino (RP = 2,80 95%IC: 1,17-6,64) e feminino (RP = 1,98 95%IC: 1,24-3,17). Conclusões: Para o sexo feminino, a idade avançada e a fragilidade foram os fatores de maior associação com dependência, tanto para o ambiente dentro quanto fora de casa. Para o sexo masculino, a fragilidade foi o único e grande determinante de dependência nas atividades fora de casa, apresentando prevalência maior do que a encontrada na amostra do sexo feminino.
Salivary Antiviral and Antibacterial Properties in the Encounter of
SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mohtasham Nooshin , Bargi Rahimeh , Farshbaf Alieh , Shahri Maryam Vahabzadeh , Hesari Kiana Kamyab , Mohajertehran Farnaz 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Due to the high mortality rate of COVID-19 and its high variability and mutability, it is essential to
know the body's defense mechanisms against this virus. Saliva has numerous functions, such as digestion, protection,
and antimicrobial effects. Salivary diagnostic tests for many oral and systemic diseases will be available
soon because saliva is a pool of biological markers. The most important antiviral and antibacterial compounds
identified in saliva include lysozyme, lactoferrin (LF), mucins, cathelicidin, salivary secretory immunoglobulin
(SIgA), chromogranin A, cathelicidin, salivary agglutinin (SAG) (gp340, DMBT1), α, β defensins, cystatin,
histatins, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), heat shock protein (HSP), adrenomedullin and microRNA
(miRNAs). Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in saliva could be used in the future as models for designing
effective oral microbial antibiotics. The antiviral properties of the peptides in saliva may be one of the future
treatments for the COVID-19 virus. In this review, we investigate compounds with antiviral and antibacterial
properties in saliva and the importance of these compounds in saliva in exposure to the COVID-19 virus.
Due to the transmission route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) into the oral
cavity in the lower and upper respiratory tract, studies of salivary antiviral properties in these patients are very
important. Some of the antiviral effects of saliva, especially mucin, α, β-defensins, IgA, IgG, IgM, lysozyme,
SAG, SLPI, and histatins, may play a greater role in neutralizing or eliminating COVID-19.
High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein: A Plausible Therapeutic Molecular
Target in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Goyal Ahsas , Agrawal Anant , Dubey Nandini , Verma Aanchal 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder that exerts a broad
variety of detrimental effects on people’s health. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial
dysfunction, neuroinflammation, α-synuclein aggregation and autophagy dysfunction may all
play a role in the development of PD. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these pathophysiological
processes remain unknown. Currently, research in PD has focussed on high mobility
group box 1 (HMGB1), and different laboratory approaches have shown promising outcomes to
some level for blocking HMGB1. Given that HMGB1 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction, participates
in neuroinflammation, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis, it is hypothesised that
HMGB1 has significance in the onset of PD. In the current review, research targeting multiple
roles of HMGB1 in PD pathology was integrated, and the issues that need future attention for targeted
therapeutic approaches are mentioned.
Research Progress on hCNT3 Structure/Function and Nucleoside Anticancer
Drugs
Authors: Yue Xinru , Zhang Xun , Zhang Derong , Zhang Zhigang , Tang Lingkai , Ou Zuoxin , Cao Yujie , Li Jing , Li Ying , Liang Li , Liu Wei , Hu Jianping 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Membrane protein human concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 (hCNT3) can not only
transport extracellular nucleosides into the cell but also transport various nucleoside-derived anticancer
drugs to the focus of infection for therapeutic effects. Typical nucleoside anticancer drugs,
including fludarabine, cladabine, decitabine, and clofarabine, are recognized by hCNT3 and then
delivered to the lesion site for their therapeutic effects. hCNT3 is highly conserved during the evolution
from lower to higher vertebrates, which contains scaffold and transport domains in structure
and delivers substrates by coupling with Na+ and H+ ions in function. In the process of substrate delivery,
the transport domain rises from the lower side of transmembrane 9 (TM9) in the inward conformation
to the upper side of the outward conformation, accompanied by the collaborative motion
of TM7b/ TM4b and hairpin 1b (HP1b)/ HP2b. With the report of a series of three-dimensional
structures of homologous CNTs, the structural characteristics and biological functions of hCNT3
have attracted increasing attention from pharmacists and biologists. Our research group has also recently
designed an anticancer lead compound with high hCNT3 transport potential based on the
structure of 5-fluorouracil. In this work, the sequence evolution, conservation, molecular structure,
cationic chelation, substrate recognition, elevator motion pattern and nucleoside derivative drugs of
hCNT3 were reviewed, and the differences in hCNT3 transport mode and nucleoside anticancer
drug modification were summarized, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the subsequent
molecular design of novel anticancer drugs targeting hCNT3.
Donating One’s Body to HIV Cure Research Through Canadian Medical Assistance in Dying: A Case Study
Authors: Lessard David , Lebouché Bertrand , Morneau André , Bilodeau Martin , Rosenes Ron , Sanders Justin , Chomont Nicolas , Keeler Patrick , Dubé Karine , Margolese Shari , Jenabian Mohammad Ali , Power Christopher , Routy Jean-Pierre , Angel Jonathan B. , Cohen Éric A. , Costiniuk Cecilia T. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Finding a cure for HIV is challenged by persisting reservoirs, the mapping of
which necessitates invasive procedures. Inviting people with HIV (PWHIV) at the end of life to donate
body specimens post-mortem through research autopsies is a novel approach, raising ethical
concerns.

Objective:
This case study aims to explore the motivations, barriers, and facilitators of a terminally-ill
Canadian PWHIV who requested medical assistance in dying (MAID) and expressed interest in donating
his body for HIV cure research.

Case Presentation:
An in-depth 3-hour and semi-structured interview was conducted with the participant.
The interview transcription was thematically coded to identify motivations and perceived barriers
and facilitators to participate in end-of-life HIV cure research. Our analysis identified six themes.
Two themes expressed motivations: Collaboration in progress in health and science, seeing cure
research as collaboration with professionals; and Opportunity to learn more, mostly about science and
health. One theme expressed a barrier: Losing interest in or identification with long-term care research
matters, especially those related to the management of long-term care. Three themes expressed
by facilitators: Receiving information from professionals one trusts and knows, especially clinical and
research teams; Perceiving research procedures as simple, useful, and embedded in care, perceiving
clinical, educational, and interpersonal benefits that surpass costs of participation; and Perceiving
research as one last way to contribute, that is, feeling useful or give back.

Conclusion:
Several circumstances facilitated the patient’s participation: being a single man, having
time to participate, having no strong religious belief, and valuing clear, direct communication. His
motivations to participate in HIV cure research were altruistic, and also an experience of working
with clinical and research teams. Finally, this perspective highlights HIV cure research participant
candidates’ need for education about research procedures.
Role of Apoptosis in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: An Explicative
Review
Authors: Arora Deepshi , Taneja Yugam , Sharma Anjali , Dhingra Ashwani , Guarve Kumar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract:
Apoptosis is a complex regulatory, active cell death process that plays a role in cell development,
homeostasis, and ageing. Cancer, developmental defects, and degenerative diseases are
all pathogenic disorders caused by apoptosis dysregulation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most
frequently diagnosed joint disease in the aged, and it is characterized by the ongoing breakdown of
articular cartilage, which causes severe disability. Multiple variables regulate the anabolic and
catabolic pathways of the cartilage matrix, which either directly or indirectly contribute to cartilage
degeneration in osteoarthritis. Articular cartilage is a highly specialized tissue made up of an extracellular
matrix of cells that are tightly packed together. As a result, chondrocyte survival is crucial
for the preservation of an optimal cartilage matrix, and chondrocyte characteristics and survival
compromise may result in articular cartilage failure. Inflammatory cytokines can either promote or
inhibit apoptosis, the process of programmed cell death. Pro-apoptotic cytokines like TNF-α can induce
cell death, while anti-apoptotic cytokines like IL-4 and IL-10 protect against apoptosis. The
balance between these cytokines plays a critical role in determining cell fate and has implications
for tissue damage and disease progression. Similarly, they contribute to the progression of OA by
disrupting the metabolic balance in joint tissues by promoting catabolic and anabolic pathways.
Their impact on cell joints, as well as the impacts of cell signalling pathways on cytokines and inflammatory
substances, determines their function in osteoarthritis development. Apoptosis is evident
in osteoarthritic cartilage; however, determining the relative role of chondrocyte apoptosis in
the aetiology of OA is difficult, and the rate of apoptotic chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage is
inconsistent. The current study summarises the role of apoptosis in the development of osteoarthritis,
the mediators, and signalling pathways that trigger the cascade of events, and the other inflammatory
features involved.
Potential Benefits of Psilocybin for Lupus Pain: A Case Report
Authors: Gonzales Sofia Audrey B. , Alexopoulos Christine , Arkfeld Daniel G. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Outcomes of treatment for patients with Lupus have shown overall improvement
and benefit from the more aggressive use of immunosuppressants and biological agents
through a treat-to-target approach. However, chronic musculoskeletal pain can be refractory to
treatment despite the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and other analgesic
agents, leading to patient dissatisfaction. The concept of new neural pathways from psilocybin
usage has been proposed in a variety of pain syndromes; however, it is not trialed for patients
with Lupus pain.

Case Presentation:
The patient was a 67-year-old male with positive anti-dsDNA antibody Lupus
with a predominance of chronic polyarticular joint pain treated with hydroxychloroquine and non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs without pain relief. Pain dramatically improved after a one-time
macro-dosing of 6 grams of Psilocybin cubensis in Oregon, which he expected would only provide
a sense of enlightenment. After 12 months, he continued without debilitating joint pain.

Conclusion:
The serotonin-2A receptor’s activation triggers an array of neurophysiological reactions
that disrupt the functional connections in areas of the brain that are associated with chronic
pain. These neuroplastic effects can generate healthy connections, resulting in long-lasting pain relief.
However, this is a process that has not been fully analyzed. While there is anecdotal evidence
to suggest the therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis,
there is no specific research that explores its use for lupus-related pain. Since this is the first
case that shows the benefit of psilocybin in a patient with Lupus, further studies on macro-dosing
psilocybin to treat Lupus pain are warranted.