bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptives at four government hospitals, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Sisay Adane , Teshome Abel , Bizuneh Hailemichael , D.Compton Sarah 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
Given high unmet need for contraception in Ethiopia, this study aimed to determine prevalence and factors associated with early discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC).

Methods
This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 389 participants using exit interviews with clients presenting for removal of LARC at the family planning clinic of four government hospitals in Addis Ababa.
SPSS version 26 was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression were computed.

Result
Among the 389 clients, 236 (60.7%) discontinued early. In multivariate regression, lack of pre-insertion counseling on side effects (AOR = 3.5, p = 0. 000; 95% C.I = 1.8—6.8), presence of side effects (AOR = 1.9, p = 0. 017; 95% C.I = 1. 1- 3.4), history of abortion (AOR = 3.5, p = 0. 001; 95% C.I = 1. 6- 7.4); and no prior contraception use (AOR = 2.9, p = 0. 000; 95% C.I = 1. 6- 5.3) were positively associated with early discontinuation. Whereas insertion outside of Saint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College (AOR = 0.4, p = 0. 000; 95% C.I = 0. 2- 0.6), and influence on choice of contraceptives by others (AOR = 0.2, p = 0. 000; 95% C.I = 0. 2- 0.4) were negatively associated with early discontinuation.

Conclusion
Early discontinuation of LARC was high among study participants. Counseling about possible side effects and giving women the opportunity to decide their own choice of contraception might help in reducing early discontinuation.
Xoo-responsive transcriptome reveals the role of the circular RNA133 in disease resistance by regulating expression of OsARAB in rice
Authors: Xia Kuaifei , Pan Xiaoqing , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Mingyong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUpon Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection of rice leaves, the invasion induces systematic expression changes for both the coding genes and the non-coding genes, allowing the plant to make corresponding responses. However, the roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in rice defending against Xoo remain largely unknown. To address this question, we conducted a whole-transcriptomic analysis to systematically screen the differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in rice responding to Xoo infection. Our results revealed a total of 4076 DE mRNAs, 89 DE long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 82 DE microRNAs (miRNAs), and 14 DE circRNAs identified from Xoo-infected rice plants at 48 h post inoculation. Three circRNAs (ciR52, ciR298, and ciR133) were found to be able to form circular RNAs, and their expression was induced by Xoo infection. ciR133 was found to repress the expression of its parental gene OsARAB (putative arabinofuranosidase gene) during Xoo infection. Overexpression of ciR133 and mutation of OsARAB enhanced rice resistance against Xoo, without compromising main agronomic traits. Our data suggest that circRNAs are associated with rice response to Xoo infection, providing a potential strategy for breeding Xoo-resistant rice plants by manipulating ciR133 and OsARAB.
The future of diagnosis in clinical neurosciences: Comparing multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia
Authors: Misiak Błażej , Samochowiec Jerzy , Kowalski Krzysztof , Gaebel Wolfgang , Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Chan Andrew , Gorwood Philip , Papiol Sergi , Dom Geert , Volpe Umberto , Szulc Agata , Kurimay Tamas , Kärkkäinen Hilkka , Decraene Andre , Wisse Jan , Fiorillo Andrea , Falkai Peter 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The ongoing developments of psychiatric classification systems have largely improved reliability of diagnosis, including that of schizophrenia. However, with an unknown pathophysiology and lacking biomarkers, its validity still remains low, requiring further advancements. Research has helped establish multiple sclerosis (MS) as the central nervous system (CNS) disorder with an established pathophysiology, defined biomarkers and therefore good validity and significantly improved treatment options. Before proposing next steps in research that aim to improve the diagnostic process of schizophrenia, it is imperative to recognize its clinical heterogeneity. Indeed, individuals with schizophrenia show high interindividual variability in terms of symptomatic manifestation, response to treatment, course of illness and functional outcomes. There is also a multiplicity of risk factors that contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Moreover, accumulating evidence indicates that several dimensions of psychopathology and risk factors cross current diagnostic categorizations. Schizophrenia shares a number of similarities with MS, which is a demyelinating disease of the CNS. These similarities appear in the context of age of onset, geographical distribution, involvement of immune-inflammatory processes, neurocognitive impairment and various trajectories of illness course. This article provides a critical appraisal of diagnostic process in schizophrenia, taking into consideration advancements that have been made in the diagnosis and management of MS. Based on the comparison between the two disorders, key directions for studies that aim to improve diagnostic process in schizophrenia are formulated. All of them converge on the necessity to deconstruct the psychosis spectrum and adopt dimensional approaches with deep phenotyping to refine current diagnostic boundaries.
Prospective Correlation of Magnetic Resonance Tumor Regression Grade With Pathologic Outcomes in Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hall William A. , Li Jiahe , You Y. Nancy , Gollub Marc J. , Grajo Joseph R. , Rosen Mark , dePrisco Greg , Yothers Greg , Dorth Jennifer A. , Rahma Osama E. , Russell Marcia M. , Gross Howard M. , Jacobs Samuel A. , Faller Bryan A. , George Sagila , Al baghdadi Tareq , Haddock Michael G. , Valicenti Richard , Hong Theodore S. , George Thomas J. 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) is a newly established standard treatment for rectal adenocarcinoma. Current methods to communicate magnitudes of regression during TNT are subjective and imprecise. Magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (MR-TRG) is an existing, but rarely used, regression grading system. Prospective validation of MR-TRG correlation with pathologic response in patients undergoing TNT is lacking. Utility of adding diffusion-weighted imaging to MR-TRG is also unknown. METHODS We conducted a multi-institutional prospective imaging substudy within NRG-GI002 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02921256 ) examining the ability of MR-based imaging to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) and correlate MR-TRG with the pathologic neoadjuvant response score (NAR). Serial MRIs were needed from 110 patients. Three radiologists independently, then collectively, reviewed each MRI for complete response (mriCR), which was tested for positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), sensitivity, and specificity with pCR. MR-TRG was examined for association with the pathologic NAR score. All team members were blinded to pathologic data. RESULTS A total of 121 patients from 71 institutions met criteria: 28% were female (n = 34), 84% White (n = 101), and median age was 55 (24-78 years). Kappa scores for T- and N-stage after TNT were 0.38 and 0.88, reflecting fair agreement and near-perfect agreement, respectively. Calling an mriCR resulted in a kappa score of 0.82 after chemotherapy and 0.56 after TNT reflected near-perfect agreement and moderate agreement, respectively. MR-TRG scores were associated with pCR ( P < .01) and NAR ( P < .0001), PPV for pCR was 40% (95% CI, 26 to 53), and NPV was 84% (95% CI, 75 to 94). CONCLUSION MRI alone is a poor tool to distinguish pCR in rectal adenocarcinoma undergoing TNT. However, the MR-TRG score presents a now validated method, correlated with pathologic NAR, which can objectively measure regression magnitude during TNT.
The Value of Targeting CXCR4 With 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for Subtyping Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Zheng Yanqing , Long Tingting , Peng Ning , Zhen Mengling , Ye Qianwen , Zhang Zhen , He Yao , Chen Zhi , Gan Yu , Luo Min , Li Chun , Liu Zehao , Guo Min , Wang Min , Luo Xianghang , Hu Shuo , Liu Longfei , Jiang Tiejian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Context
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the leading causes of secondary hypertension, and its diagnostic subtyping consistently presents a clinical challenge.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the potential of 68Ga-Pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in PA classification and its applicability in guiding the development of clinical treatment plans by increasing the sample size.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled 120 patients with either PA or nonfunctional adenoma (NFA) for analysis. All patients underwent 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT. Of these, 11 patients underwent adrenal venous sampling (AVS), 77 underwent adrenalectomy, 76 received pathological diagnoses, and 71 underwent immunohistochemical detection of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2). Immunohistochemistry for C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) was performed in 62 cases. Follow-up was conducted for all patients.

Results
Among the 120 patients, 66 were diagnosed with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 33 with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), and 21 with NFA. For APA patients, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of visual analysis using 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT were 92.40%, 94.40%, and 93.33%, respectively. Furthermore, for APA patients with a nodule greater than 1 cm in diameter, when the maximum standard uptake value was 7.3 or greater, the specificity was 100%; and for APA patients with a nodule less than 1 cm in diameter, 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT also exhibited high sensitivity. AVS was successfully performed in 5 patients. Among the 5 patients, the concordance rate between the AVS and 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT for PA subtyping was 60%. In the 77 patients who underwent adrenalectomy, 61 PET/CT scans displayed positive lesions, all of which benefited from the surgery. Additionally, the concordance rate between 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT imaging and CYP11B2 was 81.69%.

Conclusion
68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT is a reliable and noninvasive functional imaging technique that demonstrates high accuracy in classifying PA and provides valuable guidance for clinical treatment decision-making.
Impact of diabetes on COVID-19 patient health outcomes in a vulnerable racial minority community
Authors: Hamaway Stefan , Nwokoma Uchechukwu , Goldberg Michael , Salifu Moro O. , Saha Subhash , Boursiquot Roosevelt 
Published: July 2023

Background
Diabetes is a growing health concern in the United States and especially New York City. New York City subsequently became an epicenter for the coronavirus pandemic in the Spring of 2020. Previous studies suggest that diabetes is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in COVID-19.

Objective
To investigate the association between diabetes and COVID-19 outcomes as well as assess other covariates that may impact health outcomes.

Design
Retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 hospitalized patients from March to May, 2020.

Participants
In total, 1805 patients were tested for COVID-19 and 778 tested positive for COVID-19. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: diabetes (measured by an Hba1c >6.5 or had a history of diabetes) and those without diabetes.

Results
After controlling for other comorbidities, diabetes was associated with increased risk of mortality (aRR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.03–1.57, p = 0.0231) and discharge to tertiary care centers (aRR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.04–2.77, p = 0.036). compared to non-diabetes. Age and coronary artery disease (CAD) increased the risk of mortality among diabetic patients compared to patients with diabetes alone without CAD or advanced age. The diabetes cohort had more patients with resolving acute respiratory failure (62.2%), acute kidney injury secondary to COVID-19 (49.0%) and sepsis secondary to COVID-19 (30.1%).

Conclusion
This investigation found that COVID-19 patients with diabetes had increased mortality, multiple complications at discharge, and increased rates of admission to a tertiary care center than those without diabetes suggesting a more severe and complicated disease course that required additional services at time of discharge.
COVID-19 incidence and outcome by affluence/deprivation across three pandemic waves in Ireland: A retrospective cohort study using routinely collected data
Authors: McKeown Declan , McCourt Angela , Hendrick Louise , O’Farrell Anne , Donohue Fionnuala , Grabowsky Laurin , Kavanagh Paul , Garvey Patricia , O’Donnell Joan , O’Connor Lois , Cuddihy John , Robinson Matt , O’Reilly Declan , Staines Anthony , Johnson Howard 
Published: July 2023

Background
Since the pandemic onset, deprivation has been seen as a significant determinant of COVID-19 incidence and mortality. This study explores outcomes of COVID-19 in the context of material deprivation across three pandemic waves in Ireland.

Methods
Between 1st March 2020 and 13th May 2021, 252,637 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases were notified in Ireland. Cases were notified to the national Computerised Infectious Disease Reporting (CIDR) system. Each case was geo-referenced and assigned a deprivation category according to the Haase-Pratschke (HP) Deprivation Index. Regression modelling examined three outcomes: admission to hospital; admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and death.

Results
Deprivation increased the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 in all age groups and across all pandemic waves, except for the 20–39 age group. Deprivation, age, comorbidity and male gender carried increased risk of hospital admission. Deprivation was not a factor in predicting ICU admission or death, and diagnosis in wave 2 was associated with the lowest risk of all three outcomes.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that COVID-19 spreads easily through all strata of society and particularly in the more deprived population; however this was not a consistent finding. Ireland is ethnically more homogenous than other countries reporting a larger deprivation gradient, and in such societies, structural racial differences may contribute more to poor COVID outcomes than elements of deprivation.
Influenza vaccination from the perspective of health care workers at university hospitals
Authors: Rykowska Dominika , Sobierajski Tomasz , Okarska-Napierała Magdalena , Wanke-Rytt Monika , Kuchar Ernest 
Published: July 2023

Background
The influenza vaccination rate of healthcare workers (HWs) in Poland is low. Before implementing methods for promoting influenza vaccination, it is crucial to identify attitudes towards vaccination. We aimed to examine the knowledge and attitudes towards influenza vaccination of HWs at university hospitals. Moreover, we evaluated the incentives for getting influenza vaccination among HWs.

Methods
From September 2020 to October 2020, we surveyed HWs in one children’s hospital and two adults’ hospitals in Warsaw (Poland). We included only fully and correctly completed surveys into final analysis.

Results
A total of 950 questionnaires (85% women, 45% <40 years old, 33% physicians and 48% nurses, 56% working in a children’s hospital) were evaluated. Of all HWs, 25% declared they were vaccinated and 54% planned to get vaccinated in the next season. We have analyzed attitudes towards influenza vaccination and motivations to get vaccinated.

Conclusions
Among HWs in academic hospitals, males, people <40 years old, physicians and those working in children’s hospital are more likely to get vaccinated and their attitudes towards influenza vaccination are more positive. Of those less likely to get vaccinated, people >40 years old and nurses could be effectively persuaded by free and on-site influenza vaccination. Moreover, free access to vaccination is the strongest motivator for vaccination among all HWs. The attitudes towards mandatory influenza vaccination differ sharply among HWs–while physicians are ready to accept it, nurses are not.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04569019.
INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS PADA PENGALAMAN BEKERJA SEBAGAI CAREGIVER ADIYUSWA DI PANTI WREDHA (X)
Authors: Purba Stella Giovanni , La Kahija Yohanis Franz 
Published: July 2023

Caregiver adiyuswa merupakan jenis caregiver yang masuk ke dalam kategori pekerja sosial. Pekerja sosial adalah seseorang yang dibayar dalam suatu kemampuan profesional untuk mengadakan tugas konseling maupun perencanaan perawatan dan perlindungan sosial. Dalam hal ini, caregiver adiyuswa bertugas untuk merawat dan melayani para adiyuswa yang tinggal di Panti Wredha. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian fenomenologis yang bertujuan untuk memahami pengalaman bekerja sebagai caregiver adiyuswa. Pemilihan partisipan dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara semi terstruktur untuk memperoleh data dan menggunakan Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis untuk menganalisis data. Ditemukan delapan tema superordinat, yakni (1) Keputusan bekerja sebagai caregiver, (2) Usaha untuk bertahan dalam pekerjaan, (3) Penerimaan akan kondisi pekerjaan, (4) Responsivitas dalam mengasuh, (5) Skill pengasuhan yang berkembang, (6) Keberhasilan dalam pekerjaan sebagai caregiver, (7) Pekerjaan yang membebani, (8) Kesulitan awal bekerja. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan untuk memahami pengalaman sebagai caregiver adiyuswa dan memberi informasi penting tentang dinamika psikologis pada caregiver adiyuswa.
Design and development of half impulse radiating antenna based ultra wide band system
Authors: Singh Sandeep Kumar , Mitra Sabyasachi , Chandra Romesh , Kalyanasundaram Senthil , Roy Amitava , Sharma Archana 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
An ultra wide band system utilizing Half Impulse Radiating Antenna topology has been designed and developed. A compact Marx generator and a solid dielectric pulse forming line fed the antenna. Based on pulse parameters, frequency range of 250 MHz–1250 MHz is chosen for antenna design. Analytical equations and CST Microwave Studio are used for design and analysis of the Antenna and ultra wide band system. Maximum electric field of 11 kV/m at 20 m distance from source has been measured using half-transverse electromagnetic horn type sensor. This paper discusses both time domain and frequency domain results for the designed UWB system. A good agreement between the simulated and the measured power pattern has been demonstrated in this paper.
Non-monotonic dose-response of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from Penicillium citrinum XT6 on adipogenesis and expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Fauziah Fitra , Ali Hirowati , Ilmiawati Cimi , Ariyanto Eko Fuji , Bakhtra Dwi Dinni Aulia , Mita Deslina Setria , Syafni Nova , Handayani Dian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Adipogenesis is the fat cell formation process regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARγ). The insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) has a major role in glucose uptake and metabolism in insulin target tissues (i.e., adipose and muscle cells). The interplay between PPARγ and GLUT4 is essential for proper glucose homeostasis. This study aimed to isolate, elucidate, and investigate the effect of an isolated compound from Penicillium citrinum XT6 on adipogenesis, PPARγ, and GLUT4 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Methods
The isolated compound was determined by analyzing spectroscopic data (LC-MS, FT-IR, Spectrophotometry UV–Vis, and NMR). The adipogenesis activity of the isolated compound in 3T3-L1 cells was determined by the Oil Red O staining method. RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression of PPARγ and GLUT4.

Results
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) was the isolated compound from P.citrinum XT6. The results revealed adipogenesis stimulation and inhibition, as well as PPARγ and GLUT4 expressions.

Conclusions
DEHP showed a non-monotonic dose-response (NMDR) effect on adipogenesis and PPARγ and GLUT4 expression. It is the first study that reveals DEHP’s NMDR effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in adipocytes.
System‐wide optimization of an orthogonal translation system with enhanced biological tolerance
Authors: Mohler Kyle , Moen Jack M , Rogulina Svetlana , Rinehart Jesse 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOver the past two decades, synthetic biological systems have revolutionized the study of cellular physiology. The ability to site‐specifically incorporate biologically relevant non‐standard amino acids using orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) has proven particularly useful, providing unparalleled access to cellular mechanisms modulated by post‐translational modifications, such as protein phosphorylation. However, despite significant advances in OTS design and function, the systems‐level biology of OTS development and utilization remains underexplored. In this study, we employ a phosphoserine OTS (pSerOTS) as a model to systematically investigate global interactions between OTS components and the cellular environment, aiming to improve OTS performance. Based on this analysis, we design OTS variants to enhance orthogonality by minimizing host process interactions and reducing stress response activation. Our findings advance understanding of system‐wide OTS:host interactions, enabling informed design practices that circumvent deleterious interactions with host physiology while improving OTS performance and stability. Furthermore, our study emphasizes the importance of establishing a pipeline for systematically profiling OTS:host interactions to enhance orthogonality and mitigate mechanisms underlying OTS‐mediated host toxicity.
MODELO DE GESTIÓN ESTRATÉGICA PARA LA SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LAS MIPYMES FAMILIARES DEL DEPARTAMENTO DE SAN MARCOS, GUATEMALA
Authors: Orozco Aroldo Alberto Santistéban , López Jorge Ruperto Rodríguez 
Published: July 2023

La globalización y el desarrollo mundial han incrementado la competencia en los mercados y los retos a las empresas, situaciones que se presentan en el Departamento de San Marcos, uno de los puntos comerciales más álgidos e importantes del país. En ese contexto, la sostenibilidad de las MiPymes familiares es importante y compleja, para lo cual carecen de instrumentos específicos; realidad que motivó ejecutar un estudio con el objetivo de diseñar un modelo de gestión estratégica adaptado a sus características y desafíos. La investigación fue de enfoque mixto, se diagnosticó la situación existente, se evaluaron diferentes aportes teóricos y aplicados y se diseñó un modelo mediante la utilización de métodos teóricos y empíricos y principalmente la técnica de la encuesta. Los resultados fundamentales fueron: la revelación de sus deficiencias y amenazas que enfrentan y la creación del modelo proyectado, cuya implementación podría servir a propietarios, directivos y colaboradores para tomar decisiones acertadas y oportunas en la operación de sus negocios, manteniendo el carácter familiar, lo que contribuirá a su estabilidad y al desarrollo económico y social del territorio y del país. En el presente artículo se expone una síntesis del trabajo realizado.