bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading a Better World
Authors: Porter Louis Howard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the circulation of UNESCO printed materials inside the USSR to illustrate how UN print culture incorporated Soviet citizens into global discussions. Since Soviet officials wanted to use UNESCO materials to spread Soviet information internationally, they had to allow these texts to circulate inside the USSR as well. Some UNESCO publications dealing with specialized knowledge helped to internationalize Soviet professions (such as library science). Other UNESCO materials, which served as public relations tools for the UN and were considered propaganda by Soviet authorities, extended to Soviet citizens ideas of world governance, world civic duty, and international community. In letters to the editorship of the UNESCO Courier, a popular multilingual magazine, Soviet readers participated as part of an international reading public, concocting utopian dreams and schemes based on these UN ideas. These creative imaginings demonstrate the existence of a small group of Soviet “one-worlders” supportive of the UN project.
Conclusion
Authors: Porter Louis Howard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The conclusion sums up the book’s findings, asserting that Soviet enlistment in UN agencies after 1953 amounted to a recognition of the noncommunist international organizational system as the legitimate venue for world governance. After situating Soviet participation in UNESCO in longer Soviet and Russian internationalist traditions, it looks ahead to the end of the primacy of both the West and UNESCO in the international organizational system in the 1970s as well as the role of the United Nations in M. S. Gorbachev’s “New Thinking” foreign policy in the late 1980s. This part of the conclusion outlines Soviet debates over the feasibility of world government in the context of glasnost and the utopian moment at the end of the Cold War. It also highlights how UNESCO projects fed this utopianism among the Soviet intelligentsia. The book ends with a look at Russian reception of the UN after 1991.
Radio
Authors: Singer Howie , Rosenblatt Bill 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the effects that radio broadcasting has had on the music industry, and the relationship between the two fields, from the 1920s to the present day. It covers early radio’s transition from live to recorded music in the 1930s through 1940s and the rise of television; the pocket transistor radio as the great catalyst for rock & roll during the 1950s; and the emergence of FM as an outlet for less commercial music genres and its eventual path into Top 40–style tight formatting. It describes format charts in Radio & Records magazine as indicators of the most popular music formats on commercial radio over several decades; loopholes in copyright laws that enabled radio’s importance in the music industry; the effects of making “radio-friendly” music on the creative process; and record labels’ various attempts to influence radio programming, from promotional tactics to payola.
Streaming
Authors: Singer Howie , Rosenblatt Bill 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes how streaming music services restored the music industry to growth after years of decline. It covers the launch of Spotify as well as the offers from the major tech giants such as Google, Amazon, and Apple, and the technology advances that enabled this generation of services to succeed with music fans when earlier ones, such as Rhapsody, failed to reach mass-market popularity. The chapter explains the economics of streaming services and how they have attracted consumers around the globe to pay a single monthly fee to access a catalogue of millions of tracks. It explains how artists are crafting songs differently to maximize their engagement with fans and the resulting revenues.
Unexpected and Unwanted
Authors: Hansen Randall 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This book asks why, against all expectations, global migration tripled in the five decades after 1973. The book argues that economic and geopolitical changes unleashed by the OPEC oil crisis led to well over 100 million migrants that few people expected or wanted. More people are on the move than at any time in human history: 281 million. This total figure has more than tripled since 1975 (90 million) and almost doubled since 1990 (153 million). Economically, immigration has transformed multiple sectors of the economy: agriculture, meatpacking, construction, retail, and caregiving. Politically, migration has cut a swathe through regional, national, and global politics: reshaping coalitions, reconfiguring party systems, and helping propel the far right to power in Europe and—in the form of Donald Trump—the United States. The enormity of these changes is doubly impressive because large-scale migration was unexpected and, in the global north, unwanted: slower post-1970s economic growth should have led to less immigration, and both European and American politicians attempted to end it.
No Blood for Oil
Authors: Hansen Randall 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
For both the Americans and Iraqis, oil was a key contributor to the First Gulf War. The Iran-Iraq War left Iraq bankrupt with a bloated army at a time of collapsing oil prices. To capture a large share of global supply, and the capacity to control the price, Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990. Without the post-OPEC surge in oil prices and the global redistribution of wealth, Iraq would neither have had the resources to fund its war against Iran nor the need to maintain high oil prices following that conflict. For the United States, allowing the invasion to stand would have handed the by-then avowedly anti-American Saddam the ability to control global oil supply and prices. Washington could not tolerate such an outcome. The Americans, leading an international coalition, invaded. The war would produce 3 million refugees.
Where We Live I
Authors: Hansen Randall 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The chapter shows how government legislation, and above all court decisions, transformed US the construction industry, which had in the 1940s been highly unionized. States repealed laws requiring the payment of union wages. A series of court cases in the 1970s reduced the cost of terminating collective agreements and allowed employers to pull out of contracts to hire cheaper workers. Firms shed unionized workers, who were rehired—taking their higher productivity with them—as non-unionized workers, thus creating more pressure to rid the sector of unions. As in meatpacking, American workers exited the sector. To fill the demand, construction companies turned to migrants. They are a reservoir of surplus labor. In the autumn of 2006, two-thirds of the 3 million Latino workers employed in the construction industry were foreign born; almost all the 300,000 Latino construction workers who lost their jobs over the following year were immigrants.
The Opening of the Protestant Mind
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This book describes how English and colonial American Protestants described religions throughout the world during a crucial period of English colonization of North America, from 1650 to 1765. It uses a variety of sources, including thick accounts of Catholicism, Islam, and Native American traditions, to argue—against much of current scholarship—that Protestants changed their perspectives on non-Protestant religions and conversion during the early eighteenth century. This account of a transformation in Protestant discourse locates the English Revolution of 1688 and subsequent growth of the British Empire as a turning point when observers keyed the well-being of Britain to civic moral virtues, including religious toleration, rather than to any particular religious creed. A wide range of Protestants, including liberal Anglicans, Calvinist dissenters, deists, and evangelicals endorsed this new understanding of religion and the state. They accordingly began to parse religions around the world not as good or bad as a whole but as complex traditions with some groups who sustained religious liberty and other groups that, under the sway of power-hungry clergy, suppressed religious liberty. They also changed their evangelistic practices, jettisoning civilizing agendas for reasoned persuasion as the means of mission. This story concerns ambiguities in Protestant ideas yet suggests the importance of those ideas for contemporary understandings of religious liberty, matters of race, and moral reasonableness in public life.
Power, Ceremony, and Roman Catholicism
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter is focused on descriptions of Roman Catholicism and the implications of claims that religious zealotry, heightened ceremonialism, and priestcraft threatened Britain’s constitutional and imperial order. It relies especially on the images of different religious practices presented in the most elaborate dictionary of the world’s religions from the eighteenth century, Bernard Picart and Frederic Bernard’s Ceremonies and Religious Customs of All the Peoples of the World, to contend that anti-ceremonialism and anti-popery provided a template for reading the religions of the world. In addition, it relies on the observations made by mid-eighteenth-century Protestant travelers, who had surprisingly nuanced and different descriptions of the Catholics they encountered.
Epilogue
Authors: Valeri Mark 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The epilogue hints at ways American independence yet again shifted the political context for Protestant descriptions of different religions. The dictionary of the American writer Hannah Adams marked the beginning of a new discourse that framed American commentaries on religion and the religions of the world. It prompts some consideration of discontinuities between pre-Revolutionary and post-Revolutionary discourses in America. It also provides an occasion to ponder the limits and paradoxes of a discourse of reasonableness and liberty carried on in a context of imperial conquest and racialized subjugation of non-western peoples. The story of these discourses often misfits our theoretical paradigms and points to ways in which mid-eighteenth-century ideas of moral reason and religious liberty might yet serve as resources for our contemporary reflections on religion and civic life.
Attribution: Costs, Profits, and Information
Authors: Smith Lionel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 5 aims to explain the foundation of rules that forbid an administrator from extracting unauthorized profits. This is one of the most original parts of the argument, because the claim is that these rules are not founded on the problems of conflicts of interest (as most commentators argue or suppose). I argue that the rules about unauthorized profits arise out of the role of the administrator: because they are acting for another, profits they extract are attributed to that other. The law does this as a matter of primary right, not as a remedy for wrongdoing. Most commentators suppose the contrary, but this is because they assume without argument that we always act for ourselves, and so any sanction can only be for breach of some duty. My argument linking the rules about profits to the role in which one acts shows that those rules are distinct from the rules about conflicts (which aim to control the exercise of powers as such), and are closer to the rule that an administrator should not have to bear the costs of their administration, because they are acting for another. The same ‘attribution’ view also links both of those rules to the extensive duties of disclosure that fall on administrators: again, it is because they are acting for another that the relevant information must be disclosed to that other, where it will affect their decision-making.
The Widening Reach of Administration in Private Law
Authors: Smith Lionel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Chapter 7 examines certain situations which are outside the paradigm of private law administration. The paradigm (Part II.A) consists of the established categories of legal relationships in which one person has legal powers over the assets of another person and holds those powers for and on behalf of the other person. This chapter considers cases outside the established categories, many of which are actively evolving in the law. Some examples are defined by roles, including joint venturers, employees, and trust protectors. Other evolving categories relate to the administration of non-pecuniary interests, such as physical health and education. When we turn to those who protect such interests while acting in well-known roles, such as physicians and parents, it is not surprising that we find that the law is evolving rapidly. The chapter also looks at the case of advisors and others who have factual influence but not legal powers; they are often treated as administrators.
Affect and Moral Understanding
Authors: Sinnerbrink Robert 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The chapter presents an overview of the relationship between affect and moral understanding in film, followed by an argument that the moral cognitive dissonance effect, by eliciting contradictory or ambiguous emotions and evaluations, can lead to enhanced moral understanding. The chapter first traces differing conceptions of affect from the cognitive/analytic and Continental branches of film and media studies. It goes on to define the various sorts of affect and to show how affect is related to moral evaluation. It then shows how emotional estrangement can lead to moral and cognitive dissonance, which in turn may lead to enhanced moral understanding. The chapter analyzes Michael Haneke’s Amour (2012) as an example of a film that elicits the contradictory emotions and evaluations that lead to such dissonance.
Thicker Than Water
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The world’s women are beset by a hidden hunger: iron deficiency. Up to 40% of reproductive-aged women across the globe have iron deficiency anemia, and it contributes to 20% of maternal deaths. Despite these dire statistics, women are not routinely screened for iron deficiency. Iron deficiency has been used as a tool to control, categorize, and even ignore women and their suffering. Biomedical remedies—mostly iron supplementation—are unequally and indifferently applied to global populations of women. Thicker Than Water: A Social and Evolutionary Study of Iron Deficiency in Women, explores the reasons women are especially vulnerable, using evolutionary theory and social theory in equal measure to understand the causes and consequences of iron deficiency in women. It discusses how, contrary to popular belief, homeostasis protects the iron stores of women from iron loss during menstruation. Instead, women’s iron metabolism has evolved to balance the benefits and danger of iron, protecting vulnerable embryos against excessive iron at the cost of reduced iron stores for themselves. This balancing act is threatened when women’s social circumstances prevent them from accessing the dietary iron they need. This book explores how race, poverty, and gender are entangled with women’s evolved bodies, deeply affecting and even threatening women’s lives. Ultimately, this book shows that women’s evolved bodies—optimized to protect themselves and their offspring—are devastated by structural forces beyond their control.
Gut Feeling
Authors: Miller Elizabeth M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Medical anthropologists use the term embodiment to discuss how the social world “gets under people’s skin” to create illness. When it comes to iron deficiency, the gut is the primary way that iron becomes part of us. This chapter frames the gut as a nexus for the embodiment of iron status, discussing the links between the gut, microbiome, diet, and craving. It first discusses gendered foods, with women’s foods tending to contain less iron in many societies. Next, it discusses the cultural contexts of craving of non-food items, particularly the consumption of earth, and its curious connection to iron deficiency. Finally, it explores how we are not the only species consuming iron when we eat—a host of iron-metabolizing bacteria in our gut also consume dietary iron, with consequences for human well-being. Above all, the chapter emphasizes the cultural contexts of how we consume, absorb, and discard iron via the gut.
Freedom First
Authors: Ghannouchi Rached , March Andrew F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This essay continues Ghannouchi’s argument that political and individual freedoms are the precondition for any other social, moral, and religious goals and should thus be the primary demand of all opponents of dictatorship. These themes are explored through the questions of female political leadership, non-Muslims in positions of authority, the scope of popular sovereignty, and the grounds for equal citizenship without regard for religious identity. Ghannouchi advances arguments in this essay based on religious text, precedent, and pragmatic realism for the urgency of women’s participation in politics, including in leadership roles, for the permissibility of non-Muslims serving in positions of authority, for the legitimacy of popular democracy as a political system, and for the value of moral and political pluralism in politics.
Philosophical-Theological Dialogues on Democracy, Pluralism, and Islam Rached Ghannouchi and Andrew F. March
Authors: Ghannouchi Rached , March Andrew F. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This wide-ranging dialogue between Ghannouchi and a political theorist addresses the evolution of Ghannouchi’s political thought and a number of core problems of Islam as a public religion in modern conditions. Ghannouchi discusses his childhood, formative influences, education, and political trajectory. March and Ghannouchi then return to some of Ghannouchi’s writings from the 1980s and ’90s on democracy, Islam, and secularism, searching for what has evolved or developed in light of subsequent events and practices since the 2011 revolution. The dialogues are organized around the following themes: “Democracy, Sovereignty, and Morality,” “The Universal Caliphate, Democracy, and the Meaning of the Shariʿa,” and “Freedom, Pluralism, and Toleration.” Of particular interest is how Ghannouchi’s powerful critique of areligious forms of state power and the very modern sovereign state itself stands in light of post-2014 Tunisia’s similarities with many of those Western state forms and foundations, and whether a commitment to social and political pluralism requires a turn toward recognizing a deeper epistemological and metaphysical pluralism.
On Killing and Dying
Authors: Niditch Susan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Perhaps more than any other area explored in this set of studies in biblical ethics and beyond, capital punishment points clearly to questions about the way people reach moral decisions or come to accept certain actions as the good and ethical and others as incompatible with choosing the good. Narrative material from the Hebrew Bible offers two options or models in regard to the death penalty, and legal texts frame the death penalty carefully with attention to witness testimony and premeditation. As is the case for all legal traditions, the jurist, or in this case the Rabbi, classical or contemporary, does not come to the tradition utterly open to any conclusion, allowing the evidence to fall where it may. Their worldview, in this case Jewish worldview, their sense of rightness, their sense of what the deity demands, has been shaped by a range of cultural, family, educational, and community factors.
“Proclaim Peace”
Authors: Niditch Susan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines various war-views evidenced by the Israelite tradition and relates them to concepts of just war, both causes and conduct. The chapter explores interpretations and appropriations of the biblical tradition in Rabbinic sources, focusing on modern efforts within the framework of Judaism to apply these classical traditions to ethical challenges concerning warring behavior that are presented by twentieth- and twenty-first-century settings. One case study explores the ways in which Rabbis during the Vietnam War variously evaluated the phenomenon of “selective conscientious objection.” A second case study examines ways in which the biblical tradition of ḥerem or “the ban” informs and justifies extremist contemporary Zionist war-views.
Reproductive Ethics
Authors: Niditch Susan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Ancient Israelites faced myriad sources of compromised health that had deleterious effects on women’s fertility, the survival of their pregnancies, and the wellness of newborn children. In the area of medical ethics, issues pertaining to fertility are of special interest to the present study of ancient texts and modern appropriations. Women’s inability to become pregnant and the desire to produce healthy children are dominant themes in Israelite foundation myths. Current advances in ways to deal with infertility and safeguard the health of fetuses deeply challenge Jewish ethicists who seek to support the human desire to create new life. A range of Jewish ethicists make an effort to understand and allow for that process within the contours of the ethical tradition while avoiding interference with God’s role as ultimate creator. This chapter is enriched by the reflections of contemporary women in their own voices.
Extended Supply Chains
Authors: Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tendency of focal companies is to seek solutions to their problems at their immediate suppliers. However, the source of their problems may arise from deeper in their supply chains. This realization places importance on considering extended supply chains and necessitates a multi-tier supply chain perspective. At the functional level, a focal company may consider directly sourcing from important lower tier suppliers. As a focal company engages in directed sourcing, it is, in fact, making its supply chain. As such, we discuss supply chain make versus supply chain buy. We also consider how supply chains may be theorized using network concepts involving institutional theories, supply chain financing, and cyber security.
Epilogue
Authors: Choi Thomas Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
As supply chain professionals, we move goods and services to where they are needed. We bring happiness. Conceptually, there is happiness with the lowercase “h” and another with the uppercase “H.” The lowercase “happiness” is what we all seek as individuals. As we seek our happiness, we discover our states of individual happiness are interdependent. When many happinesses at the individual-node level are interdependent, they lead to a rugged landscape. We can only find small hills. Happiness with an upper case “H” would be equivalent to finding a single, tall peak. We can have as our collective goal a world at peace, a world devoid of sicknesses, and a world with no global warming, all worthy goals, but these are elusive goals. This Happiness is not a controlled state that can be attained by planning and execution but an emergent state that needs to be allowed to unfold over time. From our end, we just have to better control the interdependencies among happinesses at the individual company level.