bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential role of vitamin E in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdelwahab Omar Ahmed , Akil Khaled , Seif Ali , Allam Mahmoud , Sherif Mohamed El-Sebaey , Al-Alfy Mohamed N. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
As an antioxidant, vitamin E (VitE) may benefit the erythrocytes by protecting glutathione from oxidation by free radicals and peroxide-generating processes.

Methods:
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines when reporting this systematic review. We searched 6 electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) until May 8, 2022. We included all relevant studies. According to the study design, the Cochrane assessment tool (Risk of Bias 2), Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions checklists, and National Institutes of Health tools were used to assess the risk of bias.
Continuous data were pooled as a mean difference (MD) with a relative 95% confidence interval. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022333848).

Results:
Six studies were included in the meta-analysis with a total of 181 patients. Compared with the control group, VitE significantly improved the hemoglobin level for chronic hemolysis (MD = 2.72 g/dL, P < .0001) and for acute hemolysis (MD = 1.18 g/dL, P < .0001). It also decreased the reticulocyte level for chronic hemolysis (MD = −1.39 P < .0001) and for acute hemolysis (MD = −1.42%, P < .0001). For before and after studies, the use of VitE significantly improved the level of packed cell volume (MD = 0.56%, P < .00001), red blood cell half-life (MD = 2.19 days, P < .0001), and decreased the reticulocytes level (MD = −1.41%, P < .00001).

Conclusion:
Among patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, VitE might provide benefits such as increasing the hemoglobin, packed cell volume levels, red blood cell half-life, and decreasing the reticulocyte level, so reducing hemolysis. Further high-quality, well-designed randomized controlled trials are recommended.
Bone cemented K-wire fixation versus elastic stable intramedullary nailing fixation of paediatric proximal humerus fractures: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Shibo , Zhang Yanlong , Cao Jinchao , Fu Shijie , Peng Aqin 
Published: February 2023

Background:
The objective of this study is to compare the treatments of pediatric displaced proximal humerus fractures with external-fixation technique using the combination of K-wires and bone-cement versus close reduction and internal fixation technique using elastic stable intramedullary nail.

Methods:
From April 2016 to March 2020, 72 children with proximal humeral fractures were allocated to group A and 44 children with proximal humeral fractures were allocated to group B. Patients in group A were treated with bone-cemented K-wire fixation, and patients in group B were treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing. The function of the upper limb was assessed using the Shortened Version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire and Neer score. Patient satisfaction was assessed using the 10-cm visual analogue scale.

Results:
Bone healing was achieved in group A and B after a mean time of 6.1 ± 1.2 and 6.4 ± 1.1 weeks, respectively. The mean surgical time of groups was 33 ± 9 and 54 ± 12 minutes, respectively. The mean Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire score of groups were 0.5 ± 1.4 and 0.7 ± 1.5, respectively. Based on Neer score, we obtained 69 excellent and 3 good results in group A, and 41 excellent and 3 good results in group B. There were significant differences regarding duration of operation, cost of treatment, and postoperative angle at bone healing (P < .05).

Conclusions:
The external cemented K-wire fixation is a useful and reliable alternative technique for the treatment of severely displaced proximal humerus fractures in children. The technique is a minimally invasive procedure with minimal complications.
Distal femur nonunion: Risk factors and validation of RUST scores
Authors: Graf Ryan M. , Shaw Jordan T. , Simske Natasha M. , Siy Patricia N. , Siy Alexander B. , Kliethermes Stephanie A. , Whiting Paul S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
(1) The purpose of this study was to investigate immediate postoperative weight-bearing status and other potential risk factors for nonunion after locked plating of distal femur fractures and (2) to compare clinical and radiographic union using the previously validated Radiographic Union Scale for Tibia (RUST) and modified RUST scores.

Design:
This is a retrospective cohort analysis.

Setting:
Academic Level-1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Ninety patients with distal femur fractures (OTA/AO 33-A, including periprosthetic) treated with lateral locked plating over a 10-year period.

Intervention:
Distal femur fracture fixation with lateral locked plating; surgical intervention to facilitate bone healing in cases of nonunion.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Nonunion rate, construct rigidity scores, RUST, and modified RUST scores.

Results:
Seventy-eight of 90 patients (87%) achieved clinical union (13% nonunion rate). Rigidity score was significantly associated with risk of nonunion (P = 0.003). No significant association was detected between nonunion and postoperative weight-bearing status (P = 0.77) or other previously identified risk factors. Patients who achieved fracture union had significantly higher mean (SD) RUST (10.67 [1.37] vs. 6.53 [1.48], P < 0.001) and modified RUST (13.47 [2.20] vs. 6.94 [1.79], P < 0.001) scores than patients who developed nonunion. Sensitivity (Sn) analyses identified a RUST score threshold of 9 for diagnosing clinical union (Sn 93.6% and specificity [Sp] 91.7%) and a modified RUST score threshold of 8 (Sn 93.6%, Sp 91.7%).

Conclusions:
Immediate postoperative weight-bearing status does not seem to affect nonunion rates. We observed a statistically significant association between rigidity score and nonunion. This study supports the utility of the RUST and modified RUST scores in distal femur metaphyseal fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV.
ACTH-Secreting Renal Neuroendocrine Tumor on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Xu Si , Liu Yang , Zhou Jinxin , Zhang Yifan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)–secreting renal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is extremely rare. A left renal mass was detected on ultrasound in a 26-year-old patient with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome. The lesion demonstrated slightly high density and moderate uptake of radiotracer on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, suspected to be a NET. Renal vein sampling revealed excessive ACTH secretion from the left kidney. Histopathological examination after surgery finally confirmed the diagnosis of a functioning renal NET.
Proposed MIBG Scan–Based Tumor Response Criteria of High-Specific-Activity 131I-MIBG Therapy in Metastatic Pheochromocytoma/Paraganglioma
Authors: Lu Yang , Xu Guofan , Jimenez Camilo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High-specific-activity 131I-MIBG (Azedra) is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved therapy for metastatic pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas, which are rare neuroendocrine tumors with limited treatment options. Based on our experience, we proposed here functional imaging-based tumor response criteria for these patient cohorts. Each response category was illustrated with typical sample cases, and clinical correlation was provided.
New-onset refractory status epilepticus and febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome
Authors: Sculier Claudine , Gaspard Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of reviewThe concept and understanding of new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE), and its subtype with prior fever known as febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) have evolved in the recent past. This review aims to summarize the recent developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of these challenging conditions.Recent findingsNORSE and FIRES can have many different causes. Although the list of possible causes is still growing, they mostly fall in the categories of autoimmune encephalitis and genetic disorders. However, despite extensive investigations, most cases of NORSE and FIRES remain cryptogenic. Recent studies have pointed towards the key role of autoinflammation as a unifying pathophysiological mechanism in these cases. These findings also support the use of immunomodulatory treatment in this setting. Consensus recommendations on the management of NORSE and FIRES have recently been published.SummaryNORSE and FIRES remain challenging conditions to diagnose and treat. Recent findings from clinical and basic research and new recommendations, reviewed in this article, contribute to an emerging framework for management and future research.
Urbanicity and alcohol use epidemiology in the 21st century
Authors: Castaldelli-Maia João Mauricio 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
This review aimed to gather recent studies that could identify the specificities in the relationship between urbanization and alcohol use epidemiology in the current century.

Recent findings
Although we find lower rates of alcohol use among adolescents in urban environments than in rural ones, this difference tends to diminish until it disappears by the time they reach adulthood. In addition to excessive marketing and increased accessibility, several urban environment characteristics have been related to alcohol use. First, problematic alcohol use is linked to stress and mental health problems like depression and anxiety, which are common in metropolitan areas. Second, alcohol use behaviors are influenced by homelessness, loneliness, and deprivation in megacities, where female and male individuals have presented more similar alcohol use behaviors (i.e. gender convergence). Third, treatment levels for alcohol use disorders are very low.

Summary
There is a new epidemiological wave of alcohol consumption in large urban centers, largely influenced by advertisement and marketing. Social and psychological risk factors and subpopulations of interest were identified for preventive interventions in large urban centers (i.e. advertisement regulation). In addition, increasing the availability of treatment, including specific medications for alcohol use disorder, should be strongly encouraged.
Interpreting discordant SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test results
Authors: Egbelowo Oluwaseun F. , Fox Spencer J. , Gibson Graham C. , Meyers Lauren Ancel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce a model to interpret discordant SARS-CoV-2 test results and estimate that an individual receiving a positive rapid antigen test followed by a negative Nucleic Acid Amplification Test had only a 12-24% chance of being infected in the United States from March 2020 to May 2022.
Time warping between main epidemic time series in epidemiological surveillance
Authors: Morel Jean-David , Morel Jean-Michel , Alvarez Luis 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe most common reported epidemic time series in epidemiological surveillance are the daily or weekly incidence of new cases, the hospital admission count, the ICU admission count, and the death toll, which played such a prominent role in the struggle to monitor the Covid-19 pandemic. We show that pairs of such curves are related to each other by a generalized renewal equation depending on a smooth time varying delay and a smooth ratio generalizing the reproduction number. Such a functional relation is also explored for pairs of simultaneous curves measuring the same indicator in two neighboring countries. Given two such simultaneous time series, we develop, based on a signal processing approach, an efficient numerical method for computing their time varying delay and ratio curves, and we verify that its results are consistent. Indeed, they experimentally verify symmetry and transitivity requirements and we also show, using realistic simulated data, that the method faithfully recovers time delays and ratios. We discuss several real examples where the method seems to display interpretable time delays and ratios. The proposed method generalizes and unifies many recent related attempts to take advantage of the plurality of these health data across regions or countries and time, providing a better understanding of the relationship between them. An implementation of the method is publicly available at theEpiInvertCRAN package.Author summaryTo monitor an epidemic, it is crucial to understand the relationship between the incidence of new cases, the hospital admission count, the ICU admission count, and the death toll time series. The relationship between any pair of such indicators can be formulated in terms of temporal delays and ratios which evolve across time. Given two such time series, we develop, based on a signal processing approach, an efficient numerical method for computing their time varying delay and ratio curves. Using realistic simulated data, we show that the method faithfully recovers time delays and ratios. In addition, we discuss several applications to real epidemic data where the method seems to output interpretable time delays and ratios. The obtained relationship between these epidemic time series is a key issue in epidemiological surveillance. The proposed technique provides a new tool to visualize, compare, and understand the evolution of key epidemiological time series. An implementation of the method is publicly available at theEpiInvertCRAN package.
A cell-level discriminative neural network model for diagnosis of blood cancers
Authors: Robles Edgar E. , Jin Ye , Smyth Padhraic , Scheuermann Richard H. , Bui Jack D. , Wang Huan-You , Oak Jean , Qian Yu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotivationPrecise identification of cancer cells in patient samples is essential for accurate diagnosis and clinical monitoring but has been a significant challenge in machine learning approaches for cancer precision medicine. In most scenarios, training data are only available with disease annotation at the subject or sample level. Traditional approaches separate the classification process into multiple steps that are optimized independently. Recent methods either focus on predicting sample-level diagnosis without identifying individual pathologic cells or are less effective for identifying heterogeneous cancer cell phenotypes.ResultsWe developed a generalized end-to-end differentiable model, the Cell Scoring Neural Network (CSNN), which takes the available sample-level training data and predicts both the diagnosis of the testing samples and the identity of the diagnostic cells in the sample, simultaneously. The cell-level density differences between samples are linked to the sample diagnosis, which allows the probabilities of individual cells being diagnostic to be calculated using backpropagation. We applied CSNN to two independent clinical flow cytometry datasets for leukemia diagnosis. In both qualitative and quantitative assessments, CSNN outperformed preexisting neural network modeling approaches for both cancer diagnosis and cell-level classification. Post hoc decision trees and 2D dot plots were generated for interpretation of the identified cancer cells, showing that the identified cell phenotypes match the cancer endotypes observed clinically in patient cohorts. Independent data clustering analysis confirmed the identified cancer cell populations.AvailabilityThe source code of CSNN and datasets used in the experiments are publicly available on GitHub and FlowRepository.ContactEdgar E. Robles:roblesee@uci.eduand Yu Qian:mqian@jcvi.orgSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available on GitHub and atBioinformaticsonline.
Computer Vision Identifies Recurrent and Non-Recurrent Ductal Carcinoma in situ Lesions with Special Emphasis on African American Women
Authors: Saatchi Yunus , Schanen Parker , Cheung Richard A. , Petty Howard R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAlthough the existence of non-recurrent and recurrent forms of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast are observed, no evidence-based test can make this distinction. This retrospective case-control study used archival DCIS samples stained with anti-phospho-Ser226-GLUT1 (glucose transporter type 1) and anti-phosphofructokinase type L (PFKL) antibodies. Immunofluorescence micrographs were used to create machine learning (ML) models of recurrent and non-recurrent biomarker patterns, which were evaluated in cross-validation studies. Clinical performance was assessed by holdout studies using patients’ whose data were not used in training. Micrographs were stratified by the recurrence probability of each image. Recurrent patients were defined by at least one image with a probability of recurrence>98% whereas non-recurrent patients had none. These studies demonstrated no false negatives, identified true positives, and uniquely identified true negatives. Roughly 20% of the microscope fields of recurrent lesions were computationally recurrent. Strong prognostic results were obtained for both Caucasian and African American women. Our machine tool provides the first means to accurately predict recurrent and non-recurrent patient outcomes. We suggest that at least some false positives were true positives that benefitted from surgical intervention. The intracellular locations of phospho-Ser226-GLUT1 and phosphofructokinase type L likely participate in cancer recurrences by accelerating glucose flux, a key feature of the Warburg Effect.
Benefits of near-universal vaccination and treatment access to manage COVID-19 burden in the United States
Authors: Yang Fuhan , Tran Thu Nguyen-Anh , Howerton Emily , Boni Maciej F , Servadio Joseph L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs we enter the fourth year of the COVID-19 pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 infections still cause high morbidity and mortality in the United States. During 2020-2022, COVID-19 was one of the leading causes of death in the United States and by far the leading cause among infectious diseases. Vaccination uptake remains low despite this being an effective burden reducing intervention. The development of COVID-19 therapeutics provides hope for mitigating severe clinical outcomes. This modeling study examines combined strategies of vaccination and treatment to reduce the burden of COVID-19 epidemics over the next decade.MethodsWe use a validated mathematical model to evaluate the reduction of incident cases, hospitalized cases, and deaths in the United States through 2033 under various levels of vaccination and treatment coverage. We assume that future seasonal transmission patterns for COVID-19 will be similar to those of influenza virus. We account for the waning of infection-induced immunity and vaccine-induced immunity in a future with stable COVID-19 dynamics. Due to uncertainty in the duration of immunity following vaccination or infection, we consider two exponentially-distributed waning rates, with means of 365 days (one year) and 548 days (1.5 years). We also consider treatment failure, including rebound frequency, as a possible treatment outcome.ResultsAs expected, universal vaccination is projected to eliminate transmission and mortality. Under current treatment coverage (13.7%) and vaccination coverage (49%), averages of 89,000 annual deaths (548-day waning) and 120,000 annual deaths (365-day waning) are expected by the end of this decade. Annual mortality in the United States can be reduced below 50,000 per year with >81% annual vaccination coverage, and below 10,000 annual deaths with >84% annual vaccination coverage. Universal treatment reduces hospitalizations by 88% and deaths by 93% under current vaccination coverage. A reduction in vaccination coverage requires a comparatively larger increase in treatment coverage in order for hospitalization and mortality levels to remain unchanged.ConclusionsAdopting universal vaccination and universal treatment goals in the United States will likely lead to a COVID-19 mortality burden below 50,000 deaths per year, a burden comparable to that of influenza virus.
Transcranial alternating current stimulation affects several alpha components depending on their frequencies relative to the stimulation frequency
Authors: Shibusawa Shuka , Kawashima Tomoya , Amano Kaoru 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aftereffects of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), especially targeting occipital alpha oscillations, have been reported to show large individual differences in behavioural effects and neural responsiveness. We predicted that this variance at least partly originates from the fact that multiple alpha components are affected differently by alpha-tACS.ObjectiveTo test the above prediction, we decomposed several alpha components from the data and evaluated the aftereffects separately for each component and participant. More specifically, we tested how the difference between the stimulation frequency and peak frequency influences the aftereffects of tACS on each alpha component.MethodsEighteen participants received 20-min tACS or sham stimulation on separate days. Ten minutes of magnetoencephalography data were collected before and after stimulation, and spectral analysis was performed with a high-frequency resolution (0.1 Hz) to disentangle different alpha components based on the difference in peak frequencies and spatial patterns. Results: The results revealed three alpha components with slightly different frequencies. tACS increased or decreased the power of these alpha components depending on the relative frequency difference from electrical stimulation. Furthermore, observable components differed among participants, possibly because of anatomical differences in each alpha source.ConclusionWhen each alpha component is not analysed separately, the change in overall alpha power will be a combination of decreased or increased components, and inter-individual differences will become larger. Our study highlights the importance of noting the presence of multiple alpha components with relatively small differences in the peak frequency for experimental design and analysis.
Prediction and experimental evidence of different growth phases of thePodospora anserinahyphal network
Authors: Ledoux Clara , Chapeland-Leclerc Florence , Ruprich-Robert Gwenaël , Bobée Cécilia , Lalanne Christophe , Herbert Éric , David Pascal 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe growth of the network of a filamentous fungus is monotonous, showing an ever increasing complexity with time. The components of network growth are very simple and based on two mechanisms, the elongation of each hyphae and their multiplication by successive branching. These two mechanisms are sufficient to produce a complex network, and could only be localized at the tips of the hyphae. However, branching can be of two types, apical or lateral, depending on its location on the hyphae, imposing the redistribution of the necessary material in the whole network. From an evolutionary point of view, maintaining different branching processes, with its associated cost, is intriguing. We propose in this work to discuss the advantages of each of the two branching types using a new observable for the network growth allowing to compare growth configurations. For this purpose, we build on experimental observations of thePodospora anserinathallus growth, allowing us to feed and constrain a lattice-free modeling of this network based on a binary tree. First, we report the set of statistics related to the branches ofP. anserinathat we have implemented in the model. Then, we build the density observable, allowing us to discuss the growth phases. We predict that the evolution of the density is not monotonic but presents a marked stationary phase, clearly separating two other phases of growth. The location of this stable region appears to be driven solely by the growth rate. Finally, we show that the density is a good observable for stress differentiation.