bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
YEARS WITH AND WITHOUT HOME-BASED SERVICES FOR THE 70+ POPULATION IN NORWAY: TRENDS OVER THREE DECADES, 1995–2019
Authors: Gudjonsson Milan Chang , Michelet Mona , Strand Bjørn Heine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Life expectancy (LE) is increasing worldwide, while there is a lack of information on years of home-based formal care use among the aging population. The current study examined the trend of LE for formal care use among Norwegian older adults over three decades 1995-2016 in Norway.

Methods
A total of 25,263 participants aged 70+ were included in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) survey 2 (1995-97), 3 (2006-08), and 4 (2017-19). Participants reported the use of formal care services including practical help and home nursing. The prevalence of both service uses was standardized to the Norwegian population by age, sex, and education using post-stratification weights. LE was estimated using National mortality data by age, sex, and education combined with the formal service use data using the Sullivan method to estimate expected years with and without basic services and nursing services in Norway.

Results
During 1995/97-2017/19, the service use decreased from 22.6% to 6.2% for practical help and 6.4% to 5.5% for receiving home nursing. LE at age 70 from 1995 to 2016 increased 3.4 years in men, and 2.4 years in women. Expected years receiving practical help decreased by 1.1 years (2.6 to 1.5 years) in men and 1.6 years (4.5 to 2.9 years) in women, while LE for home nursing increased from 0.7 years (0.7 to 1.4 years) in men and 1.3 years (1.4 to 2.7 years) in women.

Conclusions
Years receiving home nursing increased during 1995-2016, while years receiving practical help care decreased in the older Norwegian population.
WHICH NEIGHBORHOOD FEATURES MATTER MOST FOR MUSCLE STRENGTH? FINDINGS FROM THE HEALTH AND RETIREMENT STUDY
Authors: Duchowny Kate , Diaz-Ramirez L Grisell , Boscardin W John , Cawthon Peggy , Glymour Maria , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Linking data from the National Neighborhood Data Archive (NaNDA) to the 2006-2018 Health and Retirement Study (N=22,245), we fit linear mixed models to assess which of 22 built and social neighborhood environment variables predicted grip strength, a measure of total-body muscle strength. Among 22,245 respondents (mean age=63 years, SD=9.2) with up to 4 grip strength measures, neighborhood physical disorder (B= -0.25 kg, 95% CI= -0.37,-0.13), number of parks (B= 0.05 kg, 95% CI= 0.01, 0.10), number of gyms/fitness centers (B=-0.44 kg, 95% CI= -0.82, -0.07), proportion of highly developed land (B=-2.06 kg, 95% CI=-4.06, -0.07), and % urban (B=-0.66 kg, 95% CI=-1.27, -0.05) were associated with grip strength level after adjustment. No social neighborhood variables were associated with grip strength. Although preliminary, findings suggest that highly developed urbanized land may be a barrier to maintaining muscle strength in later life, but resources such as parks are associated with better outcomes.
RISK OF DIABETES AMONG ADULTS AGING WITH VISION IMPAIRMENT: THE ROLE OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Clarke Philippa , Khan Anam , Mintus Kenzie , Ehrlich Joshua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiencing vision loss as a result of the aging process may be different from aging with vision impairment (VI) acquired earlier in life. Adults aging with VI may be at risk for Type-2 Diabetes (T2DM) due to community barriers in accessing health care, healthy food, and recreational resources. We examined the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and incident diabetes in 22,719 adults aging with VI (without prevalent T2DM) in a private medical claims database (2008-2019). The primary outcome was time to incident T2DM diagnosis over 3+ years of enrollment. Cox models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident diabetes (adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities). Residence in neighborhoods with greater intersection density (HR=1.26) and traffic (HR=1.22) increased risk of T2DM, while broadband internet access (HR=0.67), optical stores (HR=0.62), supermarkets (HR=0.78), and gyms/fitness centers (HR=0.63) were associated with reduced risk. Results emphasize the importance of neighborhood context for aging well with VI.
CHROMATIN STATE AND MODIFICATIONS IN AGING
Authors: Sidoli Simone 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Program Overview: In this symposium, the speakers will discuss how genomic stability and chromatin state are affected during aging using complementary perspectives, model systems and technology. Methods such as structural genomics, genome-wide mapping, super-resolution microscopy, mass spectrometry, and enzymology are utilized to describe hallmarks of aging in models such as C. elegans, mice, and 2D vs 3D human cell culture. Dr. Lakadamyali applies innovative super-resolution microscopy to visualize and quantify the spatial organization of chromatin with nanoscale spatial resolution in single cells, revealing how disordered patches at the nucleosomal level correlate with cell phenotype. Dr. Sen will present a multi-omics approach on murine models to reveal that aged cells organize a specific type of heterochromatin unable to self-interact over long distances. These findings expose that global chromatin alterations pose a barrier and promote a cellular state that is refractory to injury sensing and repair. Finally, Dr. Sidoli will describe how mass spectrometry is applied to investigate combinatorial histone modifications that benchmark regions of decondensed heterochromatin, and show the enrichment of unusual histone modifications in a cohort of centenarian patients.
WHAT SAVES A STRESSFUL DAY: PROTECTIVE ROLE OF POSITIVE AFFECTS AGAINST DAILY STRESS
Authors: Hong Joanna , Greaney Jody , Mogle Jacqueline , Almeida David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Experiencing a greater number of stressful days is associated with a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined whether positive affect reactivity, the trait-like change in positive affect in response to daily stressors, moderates the association between the number of stressful days and blood pressure. Participants were 664 adults from the National Study of Daily Experiences II (Midlife in the United States sub-study). Participants reported stressors and positive affect across 8 days and provided resting blood pressure measures during a separate clinic visit. A greater number of stressful days was associated with increased systolic blood pressure, but only among individuals with higher positive affect reactivity (B = 15.11, SE = 6.36, p = 0.02). Results suggests that individuals who maintain positive affect when experiencing stressors may have lower risk of heightened systolic blood pressure, contributing to the growing evidence that positive affective reactivity may be protective against daily stress.
RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND AGE-RELATED DISPARITIES IN COMORBID CANCER AND DEMENTIA
Authors: Schiaffino Melody , Murphy James , Nalawade Vinit , Schumacher Jessica , Dale William , Moore Alison 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older adults make up over 60% of new cancer cases and will be 73% of survivors by 2040. Dementia, which is cognitive impairments that includes Alzheimer’s, affects 10.3% of this age group with a greater burden on Black and Latino/a older adults. It is essential to accurately characterize the prevalence of comorbid dementia and cancer (ADRD+Ca) to ensure guideline concordant care. The goal of our study was to characterize pre-existing ADRD+Ca across cancer sites (cervical, breast, prostate, colorectal, head and neck, and lung). Using a validated CMS algorithm, we found 5.6% ADRD+Ca in our sample. Female patients were more likely to report ADRD+CA vs men (62.5% vs 37.5%, p&lt;0.0001); similarly, age differences were observed with the biggest difference among 85+ ages 33.8% vs 11.7% respectively. The proportion of Black patients with ADRD+Ca was nearly double compared to Ca only groups. Patients with additional multiple comorbidities, unstaged site, and single/other marital status were also more likely to report ADRD+Cancer (p&lt;0.0001). Among cancer sites, we observed the highest prevalence in colorectal and cervical cancer both over 8%, the lowest was in prostate cancer (2.64%). Our findings show inequities in social factors and cancer subtypes among fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries that warrants investigation.
CONCEPTIONS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING AMONG OLDER MEN AND WOMEN LIVING WITH HIV
Authors: Rubtsova Anna , Taylor Tonya , Holstad Marcia , Wingood Gina , Ofotokun Ighovwerha , Gustafson Deborah , Jeste Dilip , Moore David 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of this qualitative study was to compare conceptions of successful aging (SA) among older men and women living with HIV. Participants were recruited through 1) Women’s Interagency HIV Study (Atlanta and Brooklyn sites); and 2) HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program at the University of California, San Diego. Our sample included 31 participants: 17 women living with HIV (WLH) and 14 men living with HIV (MLH), age range 51 to 73, 58% Black. We conducted semi-structured interviews in 2018-2021, using the same interview guide for MLH and WLH. The interviews lasted ~90 minutes and were fully transcribed. The thematic and comparative analysis was conducted within the social constructivist paradigm, using MAXQDA software. Although there was some overlap in SA conceptions between MLH and WLH, we found important differences. Whereas maintaining function and general health was more emphasized by MLH, WLH stressed accepting and celebrating aging within the life course perspective.
SUPERRESOLUTION IMAGING OF CHROMATIN IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
Authors: Lakadamyali Melike 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Super-resolution microscopy has been playing an instrumental role in providing new insights into how the genome is folded and packaged inside intact nuclei in single cells. I will present our work on using super-resolution microscopy to visualize and quantify the spatial organization of chromatin with nanoscale spatial resolution in single cells. Our work has revealed that at the nucleosomal level chromatin is a disordered fiber composed of groups of nucleosomes packaged at varying densities, which we named nucleosome clutches. Despite the heterogeneity of nucleosome clutch organization, the size and packing density of nucleosome clutches is cell-type specific and correlates with cell fate. Our recent results also show that nucleosome clutches and chromatin nano-structure can be remodeled via chemo-mechanical cues. In particular degenerative chemo-mechanical cues during disease lead to aberrant chromatin nano-structure and loss of mechano-epigenetic memory, potentially leading to alterations in cell phenotype.
THE EFFECTS OF HOUSING AND LIVING STANDARDS ON LONELINESS AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION AMONG OLDER PEOPLE
Authors: Waldegrave Charles , Cunningham Chris , Love Catherine , Nguyen Giang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Housing security is a likely indicator of loneliness (Gierveld et. al. 2015, Gonyea et. al. 2018) but there are few studies that focus specifically on the relationship between the two. This paper presents findings from a New Zealand Ageing Well National Science Challenge research programme that presents findings on the impacts of housing and living standards on loneliness and social exclusion. Method: This presentation will provide results from a study of 200+ Māori (indigenous New Zealanders) aged 50 years and over. Key questions around loneliness and social isolation were co-created with the participants and responses compared with standard international scales to help identify both universal aspects of loneliness and culturally specific aspects. Questions relating to housing security, affordability, living standards and neighbourhood safety were also asked. Regression analysis was used to test the statistical significance of the various relationships between differing aspects of housing and loneliness.

Results
The results demonstrate statistically significant relationships between housing quality, affordability, living standards and neighbourhood suitability with both the universal and culturally specific scales of loneliness. Overall greater housing security and quality was shown to be negatively associated with loneliness, which suggests it contributes to the reduction of loneliness.

Conclusion
Addressing the quality of social connections has often been seen as the key way to address loneliness. The results of this study suggest housing security and living standards play an important role in people’s perception of loneliness and their experience of it, as well.
OPTIMIZING ONLINE DELIVERY OF INTERGENERATIONAL STUDENT EXPERIENCES: LEVERAGING OPPORTUNITIES
Authors: Borrero Lisa 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Conceptualizing intergenerational opportunities for students in fully online courses can initially appear daunting or impractical, given the absence of a common physical classroom and community environment. However, it could be argued that online learning serves as a facilitator, rather than a barrier to intergenerational programming. This session will focus on the connections between intergenerational programming and the principles of quality online teaching – emphasizing the ability of online modalities to increase connections with a global community, remove the limitations of geographic-based access to experiences, and elevate the level of student engagement typically expected within online courses. Leveraging opportunities to overcome real and perceived challenges to the planning, delivery, and evaluation of intergenerational student experiences in online courses will be discussed, as well as opportunities for future growth in the current era.
CHANGES IN SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING DURING RETIREMENT TRANSITION: A 10-YEAR COHORT STUDY OF AGING ADULTS IN CHINA
Authors: Zhou Shuai 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The literature on retirement adjustment remains inconclusive whether retirement transition is a stressor or a relief. This study examined the effects of retirement on subjective well-being of Chinese ageing adults in various phases of retirement. Drawing on a representative sample of “baby boomers” born in 1945-1965 (N = 3,328) from the China Family Panel Studies (2010-2018), the author examined the within-individual changes in subjective well-being, measured by life satisfaction and confidence in the future, using time-distributed fixed-effects regression technique. After adjusting for a wealth of potential confounders such as financial standing and health, the data reveal that the two outcomes of interest started increasing at two years before retiring. In addition, the improvements persisted in four or more postretirement years. Urban adults experienced greater well-being boost than rural residents during the immediate pre- and post-retirement period, but not in two or more postretirement years. Furthermore, the subjective well-being of urban females and rural males increased upon retirement and fluctuated significantly, whereas rural females and urban males experienced a stable increase in subjective well-being since the first preretirement year. Results suggest that the transition into retirement generally represents a relief for urban ageing adults in China, but the well-being improvements are stratified by residency and gender. Therefore, retirement policies should ensure subjective well-being of disadvantaged pre-retirees and attend to the needs of retired urban women and rural men.
RE-EMPLOYMENT MANDATE IN SINGAPORE: EMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH OUTCOMES
Authors: Chia Ngee Choon , Chen Cynthia , Koh Jemima , Lim Kia Yee , Tsoi Yuet Yan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Older workers can be a crucial resource to meet manpower needs for aging society. This is especially so for countries where older adults are expected to live longer and healthier. In 2012, Singapore implemented the Retirement and Re-employment Act (RRA) which obliged employers to offer re-employment to eligible workers. With RRA, mature workers have the flexibility to work beyond retirement age. Using the Retirement and Health Study (RHS) data and regression discontinuity design, we find that, after adjusting for education, marital status, housing asset and expenditure, the re-employment mandate helps delay retirement in the sample by 8.7%, with a larger impact of 9.1% among the males, as compared to the females of 7.3%. More non-retirees reported that they have very good or excellent health compared to retirees. Retirement leads to increase in healthcare utilization. Does the work environment affect how one responds to retirement option? We observe a correlation between post-retirement wellbeing and stress at work. Our study also suggests that mandatory re-employment offers are less effective in encouraging those in physically demanding jobs to continue working. Re-employment mandate helped raise the employment rate for workers in high-routine, high-manual jobs by 6.1 per cent. These would include craft workers and trade workers. It raised the employment rate for workers in highly routine and low-manual occupations by 26.9 per cent. These include workers in the hospitality, retail and services sectors. In sum, the mandate together with other inclusive work policies have been useful to mitigate impacts of societal ageing in Singapore.
BREADTH OF ADVERSE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH ANOREXIA/APPETITE LOSS IN OLDER POPULATIONS
Authors: Fielding Roger , Landi Francesco , Smoyer Karen , McRae Thomas , Tarasenko Lisa , Groarke John 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The scope of the clinical problem of anorexia or appetite loss (AL) in older populations is potentially under-appreciated. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to summarize associations of anorexia/AL in older adults with a range of clinical outcomes. Searches were run January/1/2011–July/31/2021 in PubMed, Embase®, and Cochrane databases to identify English-language studies of adults (aged ≥65 years) with anorexia/AL. Two independent reviewers screened titles/abstracts and full text against pre-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. In all, 146 studies underwent full-text review; 58 met eligibility criteria. Most were from Europe (34/58 [58.6%]) or Asia (16/58 [27.6%]); only 3 (5.2%) were from the United States (US). Although mortality (n=18) and malnutrition (n=15) were the most reported outcomes, no US study reported on these outcomes. Other commonly reported outcomes included sarcopenia (n=7), functional status (n=6), need for increased care (n=6), and hospitalization (n=4). Significant associations of anorexia/AL were most consistently observed with mortality (17/18 studies), malnutrition (15/15 studies), and functional status (5/6 studies). Although the overall number of studies is small, associations have emerged with falls (2/3 studies), health related quality of life (2/3 studies), depression (2/2 studies), and cognition (2/2 studies). However, associations with hospitalization (1/4 studies), sarcopenia as assessed by muscle strength (2/4 studies) or by muscle mass (1/3 studies), and need for increased care (3/6 studies) were less consistent. Together, these studies highlight the breadth of adverse outcomes associated with anorexia/AL in older populations and a need for more US-based research into this common clinical problem.
COVID-19 AND THE FEAR OF FALLING AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN SINGAPORE: AN ELECTRONIC SURVEY
Authors: Chong Wayne , Lokanathan Tharshini , Yow W Quin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
We investigated the predictors of fear of falling in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults aged 60 to 85 (N=144) participated in an electronic survey that assessed their attitudes toward technology, perceived severity and fear of COVID, frailty, social engagement and falls risk. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that the fear of falling was first predicted by falls risk, beta = .26, p = .001, F(1, 142) = 10.50, then by resistance, beta = .18, p = .03, F(2, 141) = 7.96. When COVID-19 fear, beta = .14, p &lt; .001, and health conditions, beta = -.22, p = .005, were added together, falls risk became non-significant, beta = .14, p = .083, F(4, 139) = 10.50. The interaction between COVID-19 fear and health conditions was found to add significant variance in the final model, beta = -.31, p &lt; .001, R square = .37, R square change = .09.
HOW HAS COVID-19 SHAPED SINGAPORE OLDER ADULTS' ATTITUDES TOWARD TECHNOLOGY?
Authors: Yow W Quin , Lokanathan Tharshini , Chong Wayne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This study investigated Singapore older adults’ attitudes toward technology during the COVID-19 pandemic when in-person socializations have been negatively impacted. One hundred and forty-four older adults (range = 60-85 years old) participated in a large-scale survey that included questions such as their attitudes toward technology, severity and fear of COVID, as well as frequency of social support and contact with relatives and friends. Results revealed that the more severe the COVID situation in their area was, the more they believe that technology is useful and could enhance their effectiveness, and the more they like the idea of using technology in their daily activities, Fs&gt;6.60, Bs&gt;1.71, ps&lt;.01. Furthermore, social support could facilitate the adoption of technology in older adults, F=6.31, B=.89, p=.013. Paradoxically, the fear of COVID could collaterally increase the hesitation of using technology in older adults for fear of making mistakes they cannot correct, F=8.50, B=1.30, p=.004.
HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION AND THE RESILIENCE OF OLDER ADULTS AGING IN COMMUNITY DURING COVID-19
Authors: Scheckler Samara , Molinsky Jennifer , Herbert Christopher 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Household composition impacts older adults’ financial needs, earnings capacity, and benefits eligibility. It is also related to formal and informal LTSS access and may be associated with disparities between racial and ethnic groups since Black and Hispanic older adults are more likely than white older adults to live in multigenerational homes. The relationship between household composition and community-based aging is highly salient as multigenerational households and older people living alone are expected to increase in both number and share in coming years. This research framed the pandemic period as a stress-test to detect differences in resilience, defined as financial and LTSS stability and number of hardships, associated with older adults living alone, with partner, or with family or unrelated coresidents. Using the state-identified Health and Retirement Study (HRS), researchers developed a pre-pandemic profile of financial resources and public benefit utilization, informal and professional LTSS, and a vector of wellbeing measures by household composition type. Researchers then conducted two analyses to identify different pandemic experiences by composition type. First, wave over wave variation was regressed by household composition, noting any increased rates of instability in the 2020 wave. Researchers then used the HRS COVID-19 supplemental survey to describe pandemic hardships by household composition. About a third of HRS respondents lived in each household type. Findings, which offer a profile of resources by housing composition type and two analyses of resilience associated with composition, suggest complex relationships between household composition and resilience, but overall, residents living alone appear more vulnerable to instability.