bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-recombining genomic regions affect demography inference based on ancestral recombination graphs
Authors: Ishigohoka Jun , Liedvogel Miriam 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Multiple methods of demography inference are based on the ancestral recombination graph. This powerful approach uses observed mutations to model local genealogies changing along chromosomes by historical recombination events. However, inference of underlying genealogies is difficult in regions with high recombination rate relative to mutation rate due to the lack of mutations representing genealogies. Despite the prevalence of high-recombining genomic regions in some organisms, such as birds, its impact on demography inference based on ancestral recombination graphs has not been well studied. Here, we use population genomic simulations to investigate the impact of high-recombining regions on demography inference based on ancestral recombination graphs. We demonstrate that inference of effective population size and the time of population split events is systematically affected when high-recombining regions cover wide breadths of the chromosomes. Excluding high-recombining genomic regions can practically mitigate this impact, and population genomic inference of recombination maps is informative in defining such regions although the estimated values of local recombination rate can be biased. Finally, we confirm the relevance of our findings in empirical analysis by contrasting demography inferences applied for a bird species, the Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla), using different parts of the genome with high and low recombination rates. Our results suggest that demography inference methods based on ancestral recombination graphs should be carried out with caution when applied in species whose genomes contain long stretches of high-recombining regions.
Changes in Long-term Services and Supports Among Adults With and Without Dementia During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Truskinovsky Yulya , Freedman Vicki A , Hoffman Geoffrey J , Leggett Amanda N , Wiemers Emily 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This study draws upon local coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality rates as a proxy for pandemic severity to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted long-term services and supports (LTSS) for adults with dementia, relative to adults with care needs unrelated to dementia.

Research Design and Methods
We used the Health and Retirement Study to estimate associations between local COVID-19 mortality rates from March 2020 through April 2021 and LTSS outcomes (receiving paid and unpaid help, monthly hours of paid and unpaid help, number of paid and unpaid helpers, living in a residential care setting, or living with adult children). We compared 2 groups of adults ages 51 and older: those with dementia (n = 522) and those without dementia but having difficulty with at least one activity of daily living (n = 2,036).

Results
We found that higher local COVID-19 mortality rates were associated with a reduction in paid care and living in residential care settings for both groups of adults with care needs. In addition, higher local COVID-19 mortality rates were associated with a greater likelihood of living with adult children among those without dementia and greater hours of unpaid help among those with dementia.

Discussion and Implications
Although we did not find differences in disruptions of LTSS between persons with and without dementia, observed declines in paid LTSS and increases in unpaid care in the first year of the pandemic may nevertheless have different implications for persons with dementia. Future research should investigate if COVID-19 related disruptions in LTSS led to differential changes in health and unmet needs among adults with dementia, increased strain for their caregivers, and the equitable availability of high-quality paid care.
Association Between Governmental Spending on Social Services and Health Care Use Among Low-Income Older Adults
Authors: Oronce Carlos Irwin A , Ponce Ninez A , Sarkisian Catherine A , Zimmerman Frederick J , Tsugawa Yusuke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Prior research demonstrates that local government spending on social policies, excluding health care, is linked to improved population health. Whether such spending is associated with better access to primary care and reduced acute care utilization remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated the associations between county-level social spending and individual-level health care utilization among low-income Medicare beneficiaries, aged ≥65 years from 2016 to 2018. We linked claims data to four categories of county-level government expenditures from the US Government Finance Database, including (1) public welfare, (2) housing/community development, (3) public transit, and (4) infrastructure-related social services. The main outcomes were annual primary care visit rates, emergency department visits, and preventable hospitalizations. After adjusting for patient and county characteristics, beneficiaries living in counties with higher spending on housing/community development had 11% higher primary care visit rates. Additionally, those living in counties with higher public transit and housing/community development spending experienced 6-10% lower preventable hospitalization rates. Lower preventable hospitalization rates were especially pronounced among acute conditions. These findings suggest that investments in social services that address the health-related social needs of low-income older adults may be an important factor to consider in population-level efforts to reduce acute care utilization.
Hyperacute silicosis after bronchoscopy-induced melanoptysis in a lung transplant patient. A first report in literature
Authors: Saenz Angel , Dreyse Jorge , Melo Joel , Giglio Andres 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Silicosis, a fibrotic lung disease caused by crystalline silica inhalation, presents unique challenges in lung transplantation. This case reports an unprecedented complication in a lung transplant recipient with chronic silicosis. A man in his 60s, post left single-lung transplantation for silica-induced pneumoconiosis, developed acute respiratory deterioration following routine bronchoscopy. Melanoptysis, followed by imaging showing extensive inflammatory involvement in the transplanted lung, required intubation and prone positioning. This case highlights the potential for residual silicotic material to trigger acute post-transplant complications. It underscores the importance of comprehensive pretransplant evaluation of occupational exposures and heightened awareness of silica-related complications in post-transplant care. The report emphasizes gaps in understanding long-term outcomes and optimal management strategies for lung transplant recipients with silicosis.
The effect of core oil on the encapsulation efficiency and mechanical properties of microcapsules prepared using complex coacervation followed by spray drying/coating
Authors: Huang Qun , Mills Tom , Zhang Zhibing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gelatine-gum Arabic coacervated microcapsules were prepared using complex coacervation followed by spray drying, with L-carvone, limonene, or hexyl salicylate encapsulated as a model flavour or fragrance oil. The influences of different types of core oil or further treatments including maltodextrin coating or glutaraldehyde crosslinking on size, morphology, payload, encapsulation efficiency and mechanical strength of the resulting microcapsules were investigated. Spherical microcapsules with polynuclear core-shell structure were fabricated. The encapsulation efficiency ranged from 5.0 ± 0.4% to 89.0 ± 1.2% for different core oils and 21.1 ± 0.1% to 89.0 ± 1.2% after different treatments. The highest encapsulation efficiency of 89.0% ± 1.2% was obtained for encapsulating hexyl salicylate with a hardening process by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. Micromanipulation tests revealed that gelatine-gum Arabic microcapsules exhibited typical rupture behaviours under compression. The rupture force increased with microcapsule diameter, the nominal rupture stress and toughness decreased with the increase of microcapsule size, and the nominal rupture tension was independent of diameter. The apparent Young’s modulus of whole microcapsules was determined by the Hertz model fitted to the experimental force versus displacement data. It has been found that different types of core oils significantly impacted their encapsulation efficiency, the structures of the formed microcapsules, and consequently mechanical properties.
Do different chain lengths and configurations of gallate affect its antioxidant activity?
Authors: Li Qing , Zhu Shengqin , Li Yanqing , Liu Juan , Fu Min , Xue Zhiyong , Yu Lijuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
10 gallic acid (GA) esters antioxidants with different ester group structures were prepared and characterized. The antioxidant effects of these antioxidants were evaluated under accelerated storage conditions and compared with commercial antioxidants. The results showed that the antioxidant effects of octyl gallate with 3 different configurations were superior to those of butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and GA, but there was no significant difference in the antioxidant effects of these 3 configurations. In addition, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR showed that omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids were the first to be oxidized. Docosahexaenoic acid is more distributed in the sn-2 position, while eicosapentaenoic acid is more distributed in the sn-1,3 region, and fatty acids located at sn-2 were the least resistant to thermal oxidation. This study provides basic data for selecting suitable antioxidants to improve the oxidative stability of fish oil during storage, and also provides design rules and techniques on how to develop new and efficient antioxidants.
From diet to microbiota: how fruits and vegetables influence gut microbiota
Authors: Jia Yuanqiang , Liu Yanan , Wu Yingying , Ren Feiyue , Liu Hongzhi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The stability of the gut microbiota is of critical importance for the maintenance of a wide range of physiological functions in the body. The state of balance of the gut microbiota profoundly affects immune, metabolic, and neurological functions. External factors, such as dietary and lifestyle modifications, have the potential to disrupt this microbial equilibrium, thereby precipitating a spectrum of health complications, including obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel disease. A diet comprising a substantial proportion of fruits and vegetables has been demonstrated to be an effective means of rectifying imbalances in the gut microbiota. Fruits and vegetables are rich in phytochemicals, including polyphenols, fibre, and carotenoids. These compounds interact with gut microbes, producing beneficial metabolic byproducts, either directly or under the influence of gut microbes. This interaction not only promotes the diversity and stability of the gut microbiota, but also enhances gut and overall health through the production of biologically active metabolites. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the impact of key phytochemicals present in fruits and vegetables on the structure and function of the gut microbiota. It also examines the mechanisms by which gut microbes break down these substances and summarises their interactions and potential health benefits. These findings provide a scientific rationale and theoretical support for the use of fruits and vegetables as a strategy to naturally regulate the gut microbiota and promote health.
Synergic effect of phenolic compounds by concentration dependence of andrographolide against carbohydrate digestive enzyme (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) by in vitro, in silico, and fluorescence analysis
Authors: Payaka Apirak , Mansalai Preecha , Sansenya Sompong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by insufficient insulin secretion and function. One suggested treatment for type 2 DM (T2DM) is inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzymes to decrease blood glucose levels. Moreover, combination drugs are also recommended for T2DM management. This research investigated the inhibition potential of phenolic compounds (syringic acid and vanillin) and andrographolide (AGL) and the combination of syringic acid/AGL and vanillin/AGL against α-glucosidase and α-amylase by in vitro, in silico, and fluorescence analysis. The results revealed that the inhibition potential of AGL against α-glucosidase and α-amylase was higher than that of syringic acid and vanillin. Furthermore, these compounds’ inhibition of α-glucosidase appears more potent than α-amylase. The combination of syringic acid/AGL and vanillin/AGL shows a synthetic effect on α-glucosidase and α-amylase when increasing AGL. The fluorescence technique has confirmed that compounds alone and the combination have binding at the active sites of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. AGL’s lowest inhibition constant (Ki) and highest binding affinity suggest that this compound has stronger binding interactions with the amino acids in the active sites of α-glucosidase and α-amylase than syringic acid and vanillin. Our findings indicate that the combination of syringic acid/AGL and vanillin/AGL is recommended for applications in T2DM treatment.
Physical, textural, microbiological, and sensorial properties and oxidative stability of chicken patty fortified with Maillard reaction products derived from salmon frame (Salmo salar) protein hydrolysate
Authors: Sharma Kartik , Sharma Mruganxi Harshad , Buatong Jirayu , Fu Yu , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The impact of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from salmon frame protein hydrolysate at varying levels (0%–2%) on quality and oxidative stability of chicken patties was investigated. Patties added with 2% MRPs were darker and redder than those containing MRPs at lower levels, while butylated hydroxyanisole (100 mg/kg)-treated patties exhibited the highest lightness (p &lt; .05). MRPs reduced the hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of resulting patties. During refrigerated storage, MRPs, particularly at 2%, effectively retarded lipid and protein oxidation, as evidenced by lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and carbonyl content (p &lt; .05). Chicken patties added with 1% MRP had highest taste and overall likeness scores, while the addition of 2% MRPs negatively impacted flavour likeness (p &lt; .05). Essential fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid in the MRP added patties, were better retained than those of the control. The addition of 1% MRPs could therefore enhance sensory quality and increase oxidative stability in chicken patty, positioning MRPs as a natural alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
Nutritional, pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of sorghum–okara composite flours and porridges
Authors: Adeyanju Adeyemi Ayotunde , Emmanuel Praise Oluwabusayo , Adetunji Adeoluwa Iyiade , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study examined the impact of okara addition on the nutritional, pasting, rheological, and thermal properties of sorghum flour and porridge. Porridges (fermented and unfermented) were made with 100% sorghum flour and sorghum–okara blends at 70:30 and 50:50 ratios. The inclusion of okara significantly enhanced the porridge's crude protein, fat, fibre, and ash content. It also increased essential amino acids, particularly lysine, and improved in vitro protein digestibility and available lysine by 23%–73% and 50%–104%, respectively, compared to 100% sorghum porridge. Okara addition and fermentation altered pasting properties, reducing peak viscosity (PV), holding strength, breakdown viscosity, and final viscosity while also decreasing the storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″). Differential scanning calorimetry showed that sorghum flour had higher thermal stability than okara, but this stability decreased with the addition of okara. In terms of colour, the blending of sorghum and okara, along with fermentation, led to noticeable shifts in colour, making the porridges brighter and more colourful. Overall, okara was found to improve the nutritional quality and colour attributes of sorghum-based porridge while also affecting the pasting and thermal properties by reducing its PV and gelatinization temperature.
Effect of plasma manipulation on the developing quick-cooking and the hydration promotion of adzuki bean
Authors: Liang Jiaxin , Yu Shibo , Li Zhenjiang , Wu Yanchun , Lu Lele , Liu Lijuan , Lang Shuangjing , Wang Lidong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) typically requires a long soaking time during processing, which limits its scope and potential applications. To address this issue, this study systematically investigated the effects of plasma technology on promoting hydration and enhancing the cooking quality of adzuki beans. The results showed that plasma treatment made the surface of the adzuki beans rough and uneven, with cracks and holes, and changed the contact angle from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, resulting in an increase in the water absorption rate from 2.19 to 2.85. Additionally, plasma treatment reduced the optimal soaking time required for adzuki beans from 8 to 4 hr before steaming, and the treated bean seeds were less hard and brighter in colour. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for the application of plasma technology in the deep processing of adzuki beans in the food industry and increases the added value of products.
Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of baobab seed
Authors: Schulte Henning , Vhangani Lusani Norah , Toepfl Stefan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The food security of many sub-Saharan African countries is deteriorating, with the challenges of today further exacerbating this development. Against this backdrop, new and unconventional foods need to be identified that are characterized by their properties as potential solutions. One such interesting option is the baobab tree, whose components (such as the fruit, leaves, and seeds) are already used in many different forms. This review aims to shed light on the characteristics of the baobab tree and the possible applications and composition of its components. The seeds of the baobab tree have been of particular interest, as well as the oil they contain.
Probiotic foxtail millet beverage formulation and evaluation of nutritional, physicochemical, and sensory parameters
Authors: Challa Manasa , Kuna Aparna , Kata Lakshmiprasanna , Das Debjani 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Currently plant sources, such as cereals, legumes, and millets, are accepted as dairy milk alternatives with the presence of vitamins, dietary fibre, minerals, and antioxidants. The study aims to develop a foxtail millet beverage and probiotic beverage. The foxtail millet beverage with a (1:6) millet-to-water ratio was selected based on sensory evaluation and was used for the development of a probiotic beverage using Lactobacillus culture and fermented for 8, 16, and 24 hr, in which 8 hr of incubation received the best sensory acceptability. The results indicate a significant decrease in pH 4.47 ± 0.01 and a significant increase of total soluble solids 11.83 ± 0.09 °brix, viscosity 33.33 ± 1.17 cP, and sedimentation index 0.30 ± 0.00 g/20 ml in the probiotic beverage. A decrease of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity and an increase of total phenols were observed in probiotic beverages, and a significant (p &lt; .05) increase in the zinc, copper, and calcium content was observed. Consumer evaluation of foxtail millet beverage revealed the acceptability index of 89.09 ± 7.62%, which is an indication that millets can be effectively used for the formulation of probiotic plant-based beverages.
Production of neuroprotective compounds from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germinated under different conditions during the malting process
Authors: Cian Raúl E , Garzón Antonela G , Albarracín Micaela , Drago Silvina R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The effect of different barley germination conditions on generation of neuroprotective compounds was studied. Malts were obtained by germination at 20 °C for 35 hr (M1), 20 °C for 72 hr (M2), 25 °C for 35 hr (M3), and 25 °C for 72 hr (M4). M4 showed higher phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and total phenolic acid content than the others. Moreover, a direct relationship (r2: 0.9802) between protein hydrolysis degree and malt protease activity was obtained. Regarding neuroprotective properties, all malts inhibited the acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and prolyl oligopeptidase enzymes. However, M4 showed the highest inhibitory activity. This effect was due to the higher proportion of 595 and 392 Da peptides with high hydrophobicity and the higher phenolic acid content in this malt. Thus, the temperature and time of barley germination influenced the enzymatic activity of proteases and PAL, which modified the activity and profile of neuroprotective compounds in malts.
Types of nanomaterials commonly used in food packaging, film formation techniques, and recent advances in their applications
Authors: Zhao Zhao , Zhang Beining , Huang Nanjuan , Sun Yang , Huai Xue , Miao Jiacheng , Wang Sa , Liu Wei , Liu Yingying , Chen Zhongliang , Zhu Wenzheng , Zhou Xiaoyan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the types of nanomaterials commonly used in food packaging, their film formation techniques, and recent advances in their applications. The focus is on the introduction of various nanomaterials, including nanosilver, nano zinc oxide, nano titanium dioxide, nano silicon dioxide, chitosan, polylactic acid, cellulose, starch, and protein, detailing their types and properties. The paper also explores both widely adopted and emerging film formation techniques, such as casting, solution casting, coating, electrospinning, and centrifugal spinning. Furthermore, it delves into the functionalities and advantages of nanomaterials in food packaging, such as antibacterial effects, improved packaging performance, intelligent indicators, and material biodegradability. The paper concludes with a discussion on the current benefits and challenges associated with the use of nanomaterials in food packaging, underscoring the need for further research into their safety and cost-effectiveness.