bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain - ways to determine the intensity and the choice of the appropriate form of treatment
Authors: Grabek Agata , Babiak Rafał , Bajak Karolina , Czuchryta Paulina , Domańska Anastazja , Gawęda Agnieszka , Rutkowska Julia , Rzęsa-Tokarczyk Żaneta , Skorek Klaudia , Urbańczyk Agnieszka 
Published: June 2023

Introduction and purpose of the study: The problem of pain occurs in many patients, and its perception is a subjective aspect. This is a big problem because it negatively affects not only the patient's health but also many aspects of his life: physical activity, social relations, mental and emotional state. Physicians of many specialties face the problem of treatment both in doctor's offices and in hospital rooms. The choice of the appropriate form of therapy can be facilitated by scales and pain assessment questionnaires. This paper presents ways to determine the severity of pain that can be used in contact with both children and the elderly. Proper determination of the degree of pain intensity enables the selection of the appropriate threshold of the analgesic ladder.
Materials and methods: The review was based on the analysis of materials collected in the "PubMed" database and WHO guidelines. The work uses the latest scientific works, review articles. The search was carried out using the keywords: "pain management", "analgesic ladder", "pain management scales", "pain management questionnaires", "neuropathic pain", "opioids".
Summary: Treatment is a big challenge because each patient feels pain differently, which means that each patient must be approached individually. In order to facilitate and systematize the treatment to some extent and, above all, to choose the best therapeutic method for the patient, pain scales and questionnaires should be used to assess pain intensity and observe the results of the treatment. The variety of methods of imaging the pain intensity scale allows us to choose the most appropriate one for a given patient, depending on his cognitive abilities and age. The choice of treatment method should be based on the analgesic ladder. It is necessary to take into account both the patient's condition, his diseases, treatment and side effects of the introduced treatment.
Inventory-Responsive Donor-Management Policy: A Tandem Queueing Network Model
Authors: Zhu Taozeng , Yeo Nicholas Teck Boon , Gao Sarah Yini , Loke Gar Goei 
Published: June 2023

Problem definition: In the blood-donor-management problem, the blood bank incentivizes donors to donate, given blood inventory levels. We propose a model to optimize such incentivization schemes under the context of random demand, blood perishability, observation period between donations, and variability in donor arrivals and dropouts. Methodology/results: We propose an optimization model that simultaneously accounts for the dynamics in the blood inventory and the donor’s donation process, as a coupled queueing network. We adopt the Pipeline Queue paradigm, which leads us to a tractable convex reformulation. The coupled setting requires new methodologies to be developed upon the existing Pipeline Queue framework. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of the optimal policy by comparing it with the commonly adopted and studied threshold policy. Our optimal policy can effectively reduce both shortages and wastage. Managerial implications: Our model is the first to operationalize a dynamic donor-incentivization scheme, by determining the optimal number of donors of different donation responsiveness to receive each type of incentive. It can serve as a decision-support tool that incorporates practical features of blood supply-chain management not addressed thus far, to the best of our knowledge. Simulations on existing policies indicate the dangers of myopic approaches and justify the need for smoother and forward-looking donor-incentivization schedules that can hedge against future demand variation. Our model also has potential wider applications in supply chains with perishable inventory.Funding: This study was funded by the Singapore Management University through a research [Grant 20-C207-SMU-015] from the Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1.Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2023.1228 .
When Is Suspected Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) Not DILI? An Analysis of Unlikely Cases From the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network
Authors: Barritt A. Sidney , Barnhart Huiman , Gu Jiezhun , Dellinger Andrew , Rudnick Sean , Bonkovsky Herbert L. ,   for the DILIN Investigators
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION:
Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is difficult. We reviewed cases in the DILI Network prospective study that were adjudicated to have liver injury due to other causes to discover pearls for improved diagnostic accuracy.

METHODS:
Cases were adjudicated by expert opinion and scored from 1 (definite DILI) to 5 (unlikely DILI). Confirmed cases (1–3) were compared with unlikely cases (5).

RESULTS:
One hundred thirty-four of the 1,916 cases (7%) were unlikely DILI. Alternative diagnoses were autoimmune hepatitis (20%), hepatitis C (20%), bile duct pathology (13%), and hepatitis E (8%).

DISCUSSION:
Thorough evaluation, including follow-up, is essential to minimize incorrect diagnosis of idiosyncratic DILI.
A Curious Case of Gastrointestinal Eosinophilia Induced by Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Reddy Yala Kirthi , Fischer Inderbitzin Sonya , Kolodney Joanna , Willard Megan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized oncologic treatment. However, they are linked to various side effects,
1
a rare one being gastrointestinal eosinophilia. We present a patient with malignant melanoma treated with nivolumab. She underwent upper endoscopy 6 months later which showed a duodenal ulcer and linear furrows of her esophagus. Biopsies of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were consistent with eosinophilic infiltration. Repeat endoscopy after nivolumab discontinuation revealed near-complete resolution of eosinophilia in the stomach and duodenum, with lingering eosinophilia in the esophagus. The purpose of this report was to increase awareness of gastrointestinal eosinophilia associated with checkpoint inhibitors.
Existence and concentration of solutions to Kirchhoff-type equations in ℝ2 with steep potential well vanishing at infinity and exponential critical nonlinearities
Authors: Zhang Jian , Bao Xue , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We are concerned with the following Kirchhoff-type equation with exponential critical nonlinearities

−

a
+
b

∫

R

2

∣

∇

u

∣

2

d
x

Δ
u
+

(

h

(

x

)

+
μ
V

(

x

)

)

u
=
K

(

x

)

f

(

u

)

in

R

2

,

-\left(a+b\mathop{\int }\limits_{{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2}}| \nabla u{| }^{2}{\rm{d}}x\right)\Delta u+\left(h\left(x)+\mu V\left(x))u=K\left(x)f\left(u)\hspace{1em}{\rm{in}}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{2},

where

a
,
b
,
μ
>
0

a,b,\mu \gt 0

, the potential

V

V

has a bounded set of zero points and decays at infinity as

∣
x

∣

−
γ

| x{| }^{-\gamma }

with

γ
∈

(

0
,
2

)

\gamma \in \left(0,2)

, the weight

K

K

has finite singular points and may have exponential growth at infinity. By using the truncation technique and working in some weighted Sobolev space, we obtain the existence of a mountain pass solution for

μ
>
0

\mu \gt 0

large and the concentration behavior of solutions as

μ
→
+
∞

\mu \to +\infty

.
Propagation of symmetries for Ricci shrinkers
Authors: Colding Tobias Holck , Minicozzi II William P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We will show that if a gradient shrinking Ricci soliton has an approximate symmetry on one scale, this symmetry propagates to larger scales. This is an example of the shrinker principle which roughly states that information radiates outwards for shrinking solitons.
Coworking
Authors: Krause Ina 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Konzept Coworking und arbeitet auf Basis eigener empirischer Daten heraus, wie dieses Konzept im Zuge seiner wachsenden Verbreitung und der Etablierung von Coworking-Spaces als ‚dritten Orten der Arbeit‘ Legitimität für neue Gestaltungsideen und Wertvorstellungen von Büroarbeit generiert. Coworking-Spaces werden dabei als ‚dritte Orte‘ definiert, die dem Raumkonzept der Schaffung einer flexibel anpassbaren und Kreativität fördernden Arbeitsumgebung für Büroarbeiter:innen folgen. Das Geschäftskonzept Coworking-Space wird inzwischen aber auch als alternatives Organisationsmodell von Arbeit wahrgenommen. Dem Beitrag liegt das Forschungsinteresse zugrunde zu erkunden, wie und in welchen Variationen das Konzept Coworking in Büroarbeitsorganisationen, die sich selbst als Coworking-Space bezeichnen, adaptiert und praktisch umgesetzt wird. Nachgezeichnet wird, inwiefern Coworking als alternatives Gestaltungsmodell oder, im Sinne von Meyer und Rowan, Rationalisierungskonzept der Organisation von Arbeit Elemente eines neuen Normalitätsverständnisses von Büroarbeit generiert, welches über Betreiber:innen von Coworking-Spaces und Coworker:innen inzwischen in die Breite der Arbeitsgesellschaft getragen wird.
Mit Druckerzeugnissen Druck erzeugen ‒
Authors: Bebnowski David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This essay introduces the German term “Druckerzeugnisse” to portray pamphlets as formats that are particularly useful for expressing political protest and demands due to their interwovenness into political action. By analyzing “Druckerzeugnisse” of central groups of the German New Left during the “long sixties” this essay follows two objectives. 1. It argues that “Druckerzeugnisse” allow for factoring in political contention into intellectual historical research in a manner that remains close to the intentions of activists. 2. In doing so, “Druckerzeugnisse” are useful sources for new impulses in the intellectual history of the New Left due to their capacity to determine conflicting changes in the self-perception of political subjects. Based on the selection of “Druckerzeugnisse” this essay argues that the intellectual history of the New Left is marked by deep conflicts that eventually resulted in a Post-New Left.
Ökonomien des Selbst
Authors: Kiening Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The records of the Augsburg merchant Lucas Rem (1481–1541) are one of the most noticed ego-documents of the early modern period. Nevertheless, their codicological and scriptural character has not attired much attention. Based on a precise analysis of the different fascicles of the codex this article develops new insights into the interplay between economies of writing, forms of self-fashioning and mercantile ways of living.
Stability properties for a class of inverse problems
Authors: Volkov Darko 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We establish Lipschitz stability properties for a class of inverse problems.
In that class, the associated direct problem is formulated by an integral operator

A
m

\mathcal{A}_{m}

depending nonlinearly on a parameter 𝑚 and operating on a function 𝑢.
In the inversion step, both 𝑢 and 𝑚 are unknown, but we are only interested in recovering 𝑚.
We discuss examples of such inverse problems for the elasticity equation with applications to seismology and for the inverse scattering problem in electromagnetic theory.
Assuming a few injectivity and regularity properties for

A
m

\mathcal{A}_{m}

, we prove that the inverse problem with a finite number of data points is solvable and that the solution is Lipschitz stable in the data.
We show a reconstruction example illustrating the use of neural networks.
Detecting terahertz wave by microphone based on the photoacoustic effect in graphene foam
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Tingyuan , Li Guanghao , Guo Lanjun , Liu Weiwei , Wang Ziyuan , Li Guanghui , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) wave plays important roles in the research of material properties, the non-invasive human security check and the next generation wireless communication. The progress of the scientific and technological applications of THz wave is strongly dependent on the improvement of THz detectors. Here a novel THz wave detection scheme is proposed in which the THz radiation is detected by an audible microphone based on the photo-thermo-acoustic (PTA) effect in graphene foam. Thanks to the room-temperature broadband electromagnetic absorption characteristics of graphene foam and the fast heat transfer between graphene foam and ambient air, this detection method not only inherits the advantages of the photo-thermal THz detector such as room-temperature and full bandwidth, but also has a response time 3 orders of magnitude faster than the photo-thermal detector. Besides, no micro-antenna/electrode is required to fabricate in the graphene foam THz detector which greatly simplifies the detector design and decreases the fabrication cost. It concludes that the room-temperature, full-bandwidth, fast-speed (≥10 kHz), and easy-to-fabricate THz detector developed in this work has superior comprehensive performances among both the commercial THz detectors and the detectors recently developed in laboratory.
Métodos para caracterizar epífitas vasculares en el contexto del turismo de naturaleza
Authors: Reina-Rodríguez Guillermo A. , Rojas-Florez Carol 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
[Introduction]: Epiphytes represent up to 10 % of global diversity and up to 30 % of Andean forests. Orchidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Araceae and Gesneriaceae are among the most important. Their shapes, colors, and sizes, as well as their interaction with insects, birds and invertebrates have captivated specialists, but also a wide audience around the world. Nature tourism is consolidated in places that offer unique experiences and is a growing economic sector in several tropical countries. Epiphytic plants are among the local attractions with the greatest potential for sightings in the tropics. [Objective]: To present a methodology to document epiphytes on farms, natural reserves, and protected areas, to improve biological information about them, facilitate guidance, and broaden the visitor experience. [Methodology]: Several years of field work have allowed us to adapt some methods and propose new ones to strengthen the experience of visitors with a focus on nature tourism. [Results]: Five methods are proposed (semi-detailed transects, sighting stations, ad libitum trails, fallen trees and permanent plots), and a in situ conservation method (living collection) to complete the characterization. Likewise, an analysis of the benefits, times, costs, and priorities of each method is presented. [Conclusions]: These methods, along with illustrated flora guides and trained local human resources, constitute the central axes for nature tourism, community empowerment and the strengthening of the conservation processes.
PROPUESTA DE REFORMA AL ARTÍCULO 85 DE LA CONSTITUCIÓN POLÍTICA: UNA “OCURRENCIA” LEGISLATIVA QUE RESULTA(RÍA) INCONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: Chinchilla Madrigal Jeffry Antonio 
Published: June 2023

El presente trabajo analiza si el proyecto de ley denominado: Adición de un párrafo final al artículo 85 de la Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica, expediente legislativo 20852, resultaría inconstitucional o no en algo y por qué. Lo anterior, más allá de que, recientemente, el proyecto de ley fuera dictaminado negativamente en la respectiva Comisión Legislativa.
La propuesta de fondo del proyecto de ley se contrasta a la luz de ciertos atributos de la autonomía universitaria; particularmente, el financiero. Una alusión complementaria, y paralela al tema, se advierte, asimismo, en función del procedimiento de reforma empleado por los diputados proponentes.
Ciencias Neurojuridicas desde una Perspectiva Neo-contemporánea y Futurista
Authors: Ríos Alfredo Adán 
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo se aboca conforme a una investigación teórica documental bajo una propuesta que pretende tener cimientos de rigurosidad ortodoxa científica realista debido a que no es una novela de ciencia ficción más bien es un marco realista de lo que acontece en el progreso neo contemporáneo a axiomas futuristas que se pueden apreciar como fenómenos retro futuristas en cuanto a la aplicabilidad de la ciencias de la “complejidad” como le llaman hoy en día para el progreso de las ciencias neurojuridicas a nivel internacional y nacional en cualquier entidad. Esto con la finalidad de ver los alcances ante un punto crítico ante sus infinitesimales axiomas que puede brindar los campos colaborativos de alta especialidad científica de los cuales son la neurofisica teórica cognitiva experimental en apoyo auxiliar a las neurociencias cognitiva computacional evolutiva y biofísicamente inspirada. Como primordial alcance está en recapitular los más grandes avances desde una perspectiva actual de los desarrollos que la comunidad científica quiere alcanzar para apoyar dichos campos teórico aplicativos de los cuales puede sustentarse esta aportación documental y a una propuesta teórica de cómo estos avances pueden llegar a su punto crítico de evolución a su axioma ultimo de desarrollo. Las disciplinas a investigar de relevancia y de importancia son:

Física teórica en base a la neurofisica de la cognición humana.
Neurociencia cognitiva computacional
Ciencias cognitivas
Neuroderecho y ciencia aplicada.

La prioridad de esta obra es que la comunidad científica que ejerce a niveles profesionales en el ámbito de las ciencias neurojuridicas esté abierto a nuevos retos como cambios aplicativos a esta ciencia de cambio y orden social. Por lo tanto, a la vez que la ciencia y la tecnología van evolucionado, así como la conciencia a la mente humana los cambios sin duda superan a las de la ciencia ficción ya que se trata de un marco de referencia de la realidad objetiva. Por último, se tiene la encomienda científica de solo realizar una aportación objetiva de los acontecimientos actuales y probabilidades que pueden surgir al transcurso del tiempo en materia de la ciencia neurojuridica a nivel mundial.
Removal Technique of Penetrating Nail in The Head: A Case Report
Authors: Suhendar Agus , Effendy Effendy 
Published: June 2023

Objective: To present a unique case involving a 44-year-old man who sustained a penetrating head injury after nailing his head with a hammer. Despite the severity of his injury, the patient underwent successful surgical treatment and experienced a good recovery.Methods: Clinical and imagery review was performed on a cranial puncture trauma caused by a metal nail, which penetrated the cranium, dura mater, right parietal cerebral parenchyma, and right ventricle. The nail was lodging next to midline without damaging the superior sagittal sinus. The patient underwent craniotomy nail removal and debridement with normal saline and metronidazole antibiotics.Results: Craniotomy, careful nail extraction, wound debridement, and duraplasty remain the treatment standard for penetrating nail injury in the head. Patient in this case study did not exhibit any signs of neurologic deficit or infection.Conclusion: Proper diagnosis and treatment are required in patients with penetrating brain trauma, with head x-rays and CT scans help in evaluating vascular depth and damage. Craniotomy and debridement are the main treatments for this type of trauma.
A Healthcare System for Cardiac Disease Diagnosis Using Distributed Computing
Authors: Garg Navin 
Published: June 2023

The sector of health care makes extensive use of cloud computing and wireless devices that are based on the internet of things. These kinds of wireless and wearable sensors are being used to monitor patients who are at risk for developing chronic diseases. This not only shields patients from attacks that come out of the blue but also makes it easier for them to monitor their treatment regimen. However, the quantity of data acquired from numerous sensors is substantial, and if the data is kept in a centralised location, there is a possibility that the power supply will fail. As a result, in this paper, we suggest the creation of a technology called Smart Fog, which is capable of edge-fog computing and would be able to detect and diagnose heart patients at an early stage. It is anticipated that the overall efficacy of the system would improve as a result of the implementation of the suggested model, which is founded on the concepts of distributed computing and deep learning. With the application of the distributed computing approach, the risk associated with a single point of failure would be eliminated, and in addition, a less amount of data would be required to transfer the information between the cloud and the sensors.
Anomalous Behavior Detection in ATM using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Jain Abhishek 
Published: June 2023

This paper proposes a new supervised algorithm for detecting abnormal events in confined areas such as ATM rooms and server rooms. The objective of this work is to establish a robust technical foundation that supports a secure and convenient social infrastructure, with abnormal behavior detection using image processing being one of the key technologies. Abnormal behavior detection involves creating a model based on normal behavior data and identifying any behavior that deviates from this model as abnormal. However, collecting comprehensive abnormal behavior data in advance can be challenging. Therefore, the ability to detect abnormalities using a model built solely on normal behavior data is highly valuable for practical implementation. This proposed work presents examples of abnormal behavior detection using image processing techniques applied to ATM surveillance videos. Additionally, typical examples of abnormal behavior detection through motion image processing are demonstrated. Furthermore, our approach enhances system security by verifying the identity of the cardholder during ATM transactions. The combination of image processing algorithms and supervised learning enables effective identification of abnormal events, contributing to a more secure and reliable social infrastructure.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMERS MADE FROM MINERAL WASTE
Authors: Noviks Gotfrīds 
Published: June 2023

Geopolymer is an alumino-silicon gel consisting of tetrahedral SiO 4 and AlO 4 sections, polycondensed in a spatial structure as a result of the reaction between aluminosilicates and an alkaline activator.The report is a part of the complex research plan for geopolymers, in which information is given about the experimental results in the preparation of geopolymers from natural and man-made mineral components characteristic of Latvia (clay, sand, wood ash, brick waste).The aim of the study was to find out the dependence of the geopolymer formation process on the composition of the reacting components at constant exposure factors. Sodium alkali solution and sodium silicate was used in the experiments. The raw materials used are red and gray clay, sand, wood ash.The composition of the clay, ash and sand composition was changed with an interval of twenty percent. The obtained geopolymer samples were subjected to physical and technical tests. The compositions that are perspective in terms of properties in the studied modes of exposure have been determined.