bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Noor Wasif , Baig Mirza Muhammad Ayub 
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To find the risk factors of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension among patients with Type- 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Diabetes Clinic of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore during Oct–Dec 2021. Total 153 known diabetics were enrolled using convenience sampling. Patients (n=24) with ischemic heart disease, hepatitis or missing information excluded. Data from 129 cases of Type-2 diabetes presenting with and without hypertension analyzed using SPSS. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratios.
Results: Mean age of all diabetics (n=129) was 49.0±10.7 years. The participation of females was higher than males (65.1% vs. 34.9%). The frequency of hypertension, previously undiagnosed hypertension and known untreated hypertension was 58.1%, 25.3% and 19.6%, respectively. Among risk factors, frequency of high intake of salt was 67.4%, sedentary lifestyle was 65.1%, obesity was 37.2%, and poor glycemic control was 58.9%. Young age [aOR=2.01, 95.0% CI 0.53–7.61], low family income <20000 PKR/month [aOR=2.70, 95.0% CI 0.92–7.96], high intake of salt [aOR=3.22, 95.0% CI 0.98–10.61], elevated total cholesterol [aOR=3.68, 95.0% CI 0.85–15.85], poor glycemic control [aOR=3.28, 95.0% CI 0.51–21.13], and overweight/ obesity [aOR=9.07, 95.0% CI 1.6–51.39] had higher risk of previously undiagnosed or known untreated HTN.
Conclusions: Prevalence of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension is high among Type-2 diabetics. Strict compliance to diabetes care guidelines is much needed to minimize the risk of undiagnosed and untreated hypertension.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6329
How to cite this: Adnan M, Noor W, Baig MMA. Risk factors of previously undiagnosed and known untreated hypertension among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6329
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Therapeutic effects of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation and partial laryngectomy for glottis cancer: A comparative study
Authors: Zhu Kaiquan , Lin Renyu 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To compare the therapeutic effects of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation and partial laryngectomy in the treatment of early glottis carcinoma.
Methods: Clinical data of 80 patients with early glottis carcinoma treated in our hospital from June 2019 to January 2021 were analyzed. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups based on the type of intervention. Forty patients received partial laryngectomy (Control group) and 40 patients received low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation (Observation group). Surgical indexes, length of hospital stay, postoperative complications, and visual analog scale (VAS) score of postoperative pain of patients in the two groups were compared. Postoperative stress response indexes, clinical efficacy, and postoperative recovery in two groups were compared and analyzed.
Results: The operation time, hospital stay, intraoperative bleeding, and the incidence of postoperative complications in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the Control group (P<0.05). The postoperative pain VAS scores, Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the level of nitro tyrosine (3-NT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After a one-year follow-up, the excellent and good rate of pronunciation function in the observation group (95%) was significantly higher than control group (75%) (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of early glottis carcinoma is associated with less trauma, short operation time, less bleeding, short hospital stay and low postoperative stress reaction rate. Compared with partial laryngectomy, it has higher safety and better postoperative vocal cord function recovery.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6847
How to cite this: Zhu K, Lin R. Therapeutic effects of low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation and partial laryngectomy for glottis cancer: A comparative study. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6847
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Clinical effects of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration combined with hemoperfusion for the treatment of multiple myeloma complicated with acute kidney injury
Authors: Huang Jing , Qiu Fengping , Zhang Huiqi , Shen Xiangli , Lin Xia 
Published: February 2023

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) combined with hemoperfusion for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) complicated with acute kidney injury (AKI).
Methods: Medical records of 73 patients with MM complicated with AKI admitted to the First People’s Hospital of Huzhou from January 2019 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment records, 35 patients received simple chemotherapy (control group), and 38 patients received CVVH combined with HP on the basis of chemotherapy (observation group). We compared the clinical efficacies, renal function indexes, and the serum globulin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values between the two groups.
Results: After the treatment, the total efficacy of the observation group was significantly higher (81.58%) than that in the control group (57.14%; p <0.05). Serum cystatin C (CysC), urea nitrogen (BUN), β2 macroglobulin (β2-MG) and creatinine (SCr) levels were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (p <0.05). Serum globulin level and ESR values in the observation group after the treatment were also significantly lower than in the control group (p <0.05).
Conclusions: The outcomes of patients with MM complicated with AKI treated with CVVH and hemoperfusion differ significantly from those of the patients treated only with CVVH. Combining CVVH and hemoperfusion helps to improve the efficacy of the treatment, promotes renal function recovery, and improves the levels of serum globulin and ESR.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6966
How to cite this: Huang J, Qiu F, Zhang H, Shen X, Lin X. Clinical effects of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration combined with hemoperfusion for the treatment of multiple myeloma complicated with acute kidney injury. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6966
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of low skeletal muscle mass on long-term mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Junjing , Xia Yanfen , Liu Yi , Zhu Huifang 
Published: February 2023

Objective: This meta-analysis was designed to assess if pre-operative low skeletal muscle mass impacts mortality rates of patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair.
Methods: Datasets of PubMed, CENTRAL, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched from 1st January 1980 to 15th December 2021 for studies assessing the role of low skeletal muscle mass on mortality rates of AAA repair. Studies measuring skeletal muscle mass on computed tomography scans and reporting long-term mortality (>1 year) were included. Multivariable adjusted ratios were combined in a random-effects model.
Results: Fifteen studies with 3776 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with low skeletal muscle mass (HR: 2.07 95% CI: 1.56, 2.74 I2=65% p<0.00001) as compared to normal muscle mass patients. Pooled data indicated that low skeletal muscle mass was associated with statistically significant increased risk of mortality in studies on endovascular repair (HR: 2.86 95% CI: 1.95, 4.20 I2=58% p<0.00001) as well as those including a mixed group of patients (HR: 1.39 95% CI: 1.06, 1.82 I2=31% p=0.02).
Conclusion: Low skeletal muscle mass in AAA patients undergoing surgical repair is associated with increased risk of long-term mortality. Current evidence is limited by the retrospective nature of data and variability in defining and measuring low skeletal muscle mass. There is a need for future prospective studies defining the optimal cut-off of low skeletal muscle mass in different populations.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7366
How to cite this: Chen J, Xia Y, Liu Y, Zhu H. Effect of low skeletal muscle mass on long-term mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7366
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Vaccinations against COVID-19 in the opinion of medical services workers and the general social opinion
Authors: Rafa Elżbieta , Majoch Monika , Siekierczak Sylwia , Węgrzyn Izabella , Wenecka-Lipka Beata 
Published: February 2023

Introduction
This study was devoted to getting to know the public opinion, including representatives of medical professions, regarding the presented views on vaccination against Covid-19, allowing to determine the most important issues related to the lack of acceptance of this preparation.
Aim
The aim of this study was to find out the social opinion regarding vaccination against Covid-19 (including the aspect of vaccination obligation, incidence of adverse post-vaccination reactions, vaccination among children and pregnant women) as well as the reasons for the attitude towards the fact of accepting the vaccine or rejecting the possibility of being vaccinated.
Material and methods
The study was conducted in a group of 510 people - practicing the medical profession and not related to the health service, who were over 18 years old. The method of a diagnostic survey was used with the use of a proprietary questionnaire containing single and multiple choice questions, the survey was conducted on-line using a Google form in October 2022.
Results
In the study group, the vaccination rate was 62.2%, women and medical professionals were more likely to be vaccinated. The decision to be vaccinated was mainly based on the desire to protect themselves against the severe course of a possible illness - 30.4% of respondents and to protect themselves and others against Covid-19 - 26.5%. In the represented group, unvaccinated persons accounted for 37.8% respectively, they did not decide to vaccinate mainly because of the belief that they were not protected against the disease - 19.8% of respondents, perceiving COVID-19 as a seasonal infection - 19.0%, and fear of long-term complications - 18.6%. The decision to vaccinate was accompanied by i.a. feelings such as: slight fear (36.3%), fear/anxiety (10.4%), strong fear/anxiety (3.7%). The study group was also asked about adverse post-vaccination reactions, 25.1% of the surveyed experienced complications, most of them did not report adverse post-vaccination reactions, and the percentage of reported cases was 1.6%. The vast majority of respondents - 74.5% were in favor of the lack of obligation to vaccinate. Opinions expressed about the safety of vaccinations: rather yes - 24%, rather not - 22% and definitely not - 21%, a significant part had no opinion - 24.3%.
Conclusions
This study confirms the significant problem of skepticism towards Covid-19 vaccination, as well as the high percentage of people expressing opposition to the obligation to vaccinate and the perception of the media campaign as propaganda, which confirms the existence of a significant social division regarding the acceptance of vaccination. The perception of vaccine safety is related to the knowledge of adverse post-vaccination reactions, but the problem observed among respondents is the fact that the number of reported adverse reactions is negligible.
The social challenges of not eating meat: how social interactions shape the role of meat in everyday food practices
Authors: Wendler Morten 
Published: February 2023

It is widely acknowledged that to tackle global climate change, meat consumption needs to be reduced substantially, especially in wealthy nations, such as Denmark. A number of studies inspired by theories of practice have investigated various aspects of food practices and meat consumption, including their trajectories and material basis. However, the role of social interactions in organising food practitioners’ performances is still somewhat under-investigated. This article seeks to make up for this by showing some of the ways food practices are contingent on social interactions between practitioners.
The article investigates how the organisation of the performances of food practitioners are produced and reproduced through social interactions with other practitioners and what this means for the role of meat and animal products. This is done through an analysis of data from 27 interviews with young Danes who have reduced or are in the process of reducing their meat consumption and four network focus groups. The analysis shows how procedures, engagements and understandings tied to meat are established and contested through social interactions. This is used to show how differences in arrangements of social encounters provide very different terms for a construction of a mainly plant-based diet as normal. Finally, in the discussion, I argue that arrangements of social encounters can, in a similar way to material arrangements, induce and prefigure certain types of performances, and I discuss the implications of the results for intervention efforts aimed at reducing meat consumption.
Optimal strategies for controlling the outbreak of COVID-19: Reducing its cost and duration
Authors: Dashtbali Mohammadali 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Social distancing plays an essential role in controlling the spread of an epidemic, but changing the behavior of individuals regarding social distancing is costly. In order to make a rational decision, individuals must compare the cost of social distancing and the cost of infection. People are typically more likely to change their behavior if they are aware that the government is willing to incur additional cost to shorten the duration of an epidemic. I extend an optimal control problem of social distancing by integrating with the SIR model which describes the disease process. I present an optimal control problem to consider the behavior of susceptible individuals and the government in investment as control strategies and compute the equilibrium strategies under the potency of investment, using relative risk functions according to the investment that is made by susceptible individuals and the government. The equilibrium of this problem represents the optimal control strategies for minimizing the cost and duration of controlling an epidemic. Additionally, the model is evaluated using COVID-19 data from Egypt, Japan, Italy, Belgium, Nigeria, and Germany. The findings extracted from this model could be valuable in developing public health policy in the event of an epidemic.
Naturalism Fails an Empirical Test: Darwin’s “Dangerous” Idea in Retrospect
Authors: Byrne Charles 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn his theory of evolution by natural selection, Charles Darwin provided a plausible alternative to Christianity’s creation account of human origins. In response, the Christian botanist Asa Gray suggested that the variation that drives evolution might be generated by God. Darwin rejected Gray’s hypothesis, invoking philosophical naturalism, a hallmark scientific paradigm. Darwin’s conclusion was reached on ideological grounds rather than empirical ones. I frame the question of the source of biological variation in a way that is accessible to modern experimental science and trace historical advances in biology that have accumulated to favor Gray’s theistic view. In particular, I show that empirical evidence collected subsequent to Darwin’s time contradicts the assumption of randomness in the mutation process, and thereby undermines the basis for his invocation of naturalism in the origins of biological variation.
Prediction and monitoring model for farmland environmental system using soil sensor and neural network algorithm
Authors: Song Tao , Si Yulong , Gao Jie , Wang Wei , Nie Congwei , Klemeš Jiří Jaromír 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, data fusion algorithm is used to classify the soil species and calibrate the soil humidity sensor, and by using edge computing and a wireless sensor network, farmland environment monitoring system with a two-stage calibration function of frequency domain reflectometer (FDR) is established. Edge computing is used in system nodes, including the saturation value of the soil humidity sensor, the calculated soil hardness, the calculation process of the neural network, and the model of soil classification. A bagged tree is adopted to avoid over-fitting to reduce the prediction variance of the decision tree. A decision tree model is established on each training set, and the C4.5 algorithm is adopted to construct each decision tree. After primary calibration, the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the measured and standard values is reduced to less than 0.0849%. The mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) are reduced to less than 0.7208 and 0.6929%. The bagged tree model and backpropagation neural network are used to classify the soil and train the dynamic soil dataset. The output of the trained neural network is closer to the actual soil humidity than that of the FDR soil humidity sensor. The MAE, the MSE, and the RMSE decrease by 1.37%, 3.79, and 1.86%. With accurate measurements of soil humidity, this research shows an important guiding significance for improving the utilization efficiency of agricultural water, saving agricultural water, and formulating the crop irrigation process.
Trimorphic TaCrP – A diffraction and 31P solid state NMR spectroscopic study
Authors: Paulsen Christian , Gerdes Josef Maximilian , Svitlyk Volodymyr , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Rabenbauer Alfred , Nilges Tom , Hansen Michael Ryan , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The metal-rich phosphide TaCrP forms from the elements by step-wise solid state reaction in an alumina crucible (maximum annealing temperature 1180 K). TaCrP is trimorphic. The structural data of the hexagonal ZrNiAl high-temperature phase (space group

P

6
‾

2
m

$P\overline{6}2m$

) was deduced from a Rietveld refinement. At room temperature TaCrP crystallizes with the TiNiSi type (Pnma, a = 623.86(5), b = 349.12(3), c = 736.78(6) pm, wR = 0.0419, 401 F
2 values, 20 variables) and shows a Peierls type transition below ca. 280 K to the monoclinic low-temperature modification (P121/c1, a = 630.09(3), b = 740.3(4), c = 928.94(4) pm, β = 132.589(5)°, wR = 0.0580, 1378 F
2 values, 57 variables). The latter phase transition is driven by pairwise Cr–Cr bond formation out of an equidistant chain in o-TaCrP. The phase transition was monitored via different analytical tools: differential scanning calorimetry, powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility measurements and 31P solid state NMR spectroscopy.
Modeling and Validation of a Lithium-Ion Battery Pack
Authors: Yoganandan Hamsavarthini , Srinivasan Kanthalakshmi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Batteries are part of an extremely nonlinear electrochemical system, and their performance is determined by various key factors such as law of thermodynamics, electrode kinetics, ion transport, and diffusion. To develop an accurate model of a battery, it is important to take into consideration both the internal and external conditions that would determine both the battery dynamics and its performance. Electrochemical, mathematical, and electrical equivalent circuit models are three common ways to model the electrochemical battery system. However, using these models involves certain limitations such as increased computation, empirical equations, and components (both active and passive). A simple electrical battery model with a voltage source and a resistor is insufficient to attain the desired level of accuracy in the model. To overcome these limitations, this study presents an electrothermal model that has been designed by adding “n” number of resistance capacitance (RC) pairs connected parallelly to ensure both dynamics and accuracy. An electrothermal model of a lithium-ion cell with a one-RC model and two-RC model has been developed, and a performance comparison has also been made to check the voltage accuracy of all the models. The electrical and thermal parameters (Em (state of charge [SOC], T), RO (SOC, T), R1 (SOC, T), R2 (SOC, T), C1 (SOC, T), C2 (SOC, T)) required for an RC model have been extracted through the pulse charge-discharge test. A battery pack of 55 V, 50 Ah using the RC model based on the Indian driving cycle condition has also been developed. Pulse charge-discharge and constant current-constant voltage profiles have been applied to the developed battery pack model to simulate and validate the accuracy of voltage in a real-time scenario.
A Method of Quantitative Detection of Fatigue Crack Depth in Bottom Rails by Ultrasonic Guided Waves Based on PCA-SVM
Authors: Liu Yuzhu , Chen Ying , Zeng Wei , Luo Dongyun , Hu Pan , Huang Xuming , Yu Shangzhi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ultrasonic guided wave is widely used to detect cracks in rail because of its long propagation distance and small attenuation. To effectively detect the fatigue crack in rail bottom through ultrasonic guided wave, an improved principal component analysis-support vector machine (PCA-SVM) intelligent algorithm based on grid search (GS) is proposed to detect the fatigue crack at different depths of rail bottom. The finite element method is used to establish the model of ultrasonic guided wave at different depths of the rail bottom, and the simulation model is compared with the experimental data to determine the effectiveness of the simulation model. Five main component features of the fatigue cracks at different depths are extracted by PCA. The GS method is used to optimize the penalty factor c and kernel function parameter g in the SVM, and the optimized SVM model is selected to identify the rail fatigue crack at different depths. The combination of theoretical simulation and experimental results shows that the accuracy of the training set and the test set of the improved PCA-SVM intelligent algorithm based on the GS method can reach 99.79 % and 99.73 %, respectively, which provides a basis and method for the detection of the fatigue crack depth of the rail bottom.