bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally performed postoperative circulating tumour DNA testing performed during routine clinical care to predict recurrence of colorectal cancer
Authors: Cohen Ryan , Beasley Aaron , McCoy Melanie , Platell Cameron , Meehan Katie , Gray Elin , Fuller Kathy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying patients at high risk for colorectal cancer recurrence is essential for improving prognosis. In the postoperative period, circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has been demonstrated as a significant prognostic indicator of recurrence. These results have been obtained under the strict rigours of clinical trials, but not validated in a real‐world setting using in‐house testing. We report the outcomes of locally performed postoperative ctDNA testing conducted during routine clinical care and the association with the recurrence of colorectal cancer.MethodsWe recruited 36 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer between 2018 and 2020. Postoperative plasma samples were collected at the first outpatient review following resection. Tumour‐informed ctDNA analysis was performed using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction or targeted next‐generation sequencing.ResultsAt the time of surgery, there were 24 patients (66.7%) with localized cancer, nine (25%) with nodal spread, and three (8.3%) with metastatic disease. The median time from surgery to plasma sample donation was 22 days (IQR 20–28 days). At least one somatic mutation was identified in primary tumour tissue for 28 (77.8%) patients. Postoperative ctDNA was detected in five patients (13.9%). The median duration of follow‐up was 32.0 months (IQR 27.2–38.1 months). Two patients (5.56%) developed metastatic recurrence. However, neither had detectable postoperative ctDNA. There were no instances of loco‐regional recurrence.ConclusionAnalysis of postoperative ctDNA testing can be performed locally, however this study did not reproduce the adverse association between detectable postoperative ctDNA and the development of colorectal cancer recurrence seen in clinical trials.
Anatomical appraisal of safe cholecystectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Ibrarullah Mohammad , Mohanty Laxminarayan , Mishra Abhishek , Panda Ashirbad , Sikora Sadiq S. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrinciples of safe cholecystectomy include dissection of the hepatocystic triangle and identification of the bilio‐vascular structures to achieve critical view of safety. The aim of the present study was to document the variations in anatomical landmarks and bilio‐vascular structures exposed during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the study. Recommended techniques of safe cholecystectomy were followed. Rouviere's sulcus was classified into four types. Cystic duct was assessed for its length and diameter. A new classification was suggested for cystic artery.ResultsFive hundred patients were included in the study. Critical view of safety was achieved in 463 (92.6%) patients. Type1 Rouviere's sulcus was the most common variant found in 263 (52.6%). Normal cystic duct was present in 339 (67.8%). Wide cystic duct of normal length was the most common variant found in 71 (14.2%). Single cystic artery supero‐medial to cystic duct (type1‐s) was the most common variant found in 384 (76.8%). Inferior cystic artery i.e. artery infero‐lateral to cystic duct (type‐2) was the second most common variant, found in 40 (8%). Multiple cystic arteries in the hepatocystic triangle were due either to early division of single cystic artery (type‐1m) or double cystic artery (type‐3). Aberrant right hepatic artery giving off a small cystic artery (type‐4) was seen in 12 (2.4%).ConclusionWide variation in the anatomical structures is noted when principles of safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy is followed. Awareness is paramount to avoid bilio‐vascular injury during surgery.
Dams, Diversions, and Development: Slow Resistance and Authoritarian Rule in the Salween River Basin
Authors: Fung Zali , Lamb Vanessa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe engage geography's longstanding debate on what “counts” as resistance by introducing slow resistance to account for temporal‐political strategies against unjust developments, particularly under authoritarian conditions. We draw on over a decade of fieldwork in the Salween River Basin where dams and diversions have been proposed since 1979, including the most recent iteration, the Yuam River water diversion project in Northwest Thailand. We find that resistance by impacted communities and civil society encompasses slow, strategic, and considered actions over time and generations. Such resistance is necessarily protracted to contest developments (re)proposed over decades. By foregrounding the strategic use of time and temporality, we highlight often overlooked actions and strategies of resistance by a diverse range of actors, showing how resistance movements are incremental and interconnected over time, even when “under the radar”. These strategies are key to contesting and (re)shaping the conditions of development in the Basin.
Review of hyperdispersal in wildlife translocations
Authors: Bilby Jack , Moseby Katherine 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpecies translocation is a common tool to reverse biodiversity loss, but it has a high failure rate. One factor that contributes to failure is postrelease hyperdispersal, which we define as the long‐distance movement of individuals resulting in their failure to contribute to population establishment. We reviewed reported incidences of hyperdispersal and compared rates of hyperdispersal among taxa, population demographics, release cohorts, and success of mitigation techniques. Of 151 conservation translocations (reinforcements and reintroductions) in which animals were tracked, hyperdispersal was confirmed in 52.1% of programs. The prevalence of hyperdispersal (percentage of studies) was relatively consistent across taxa (42.9–60%), but hyperdispersal rates in birds were likely underestimated because 76.9% of bird translocations showed incidences in which birds could not be located after release, but hyperdispersal was unable to be confirmed. Eutherians exhibited a higher average incidence of hyperdispersal (percentage of hyperdispersing individuals in a cohort) of 20.2% than birds, reptiles, and marsupials (10.4%, 15.7%, and 10.3%, respectively). No significant trends were observed for sex, source population, or translocation type, but there were nonsignificant trends for males to hyperdisperse more than females and for higher incidences of hyperdispersal in reinforcements relative to reintroduction programs. Mitigation techniques included temporary confinement, supplementation of resources, and releasing animals in social groups, but only half of studies examining mitigation techniques found them useful. Hyperdispersal incidence was variable within taxa, and we advise against forming translocations strategies based on results from other species. Hyperdispersal is a significant welfare, economic, and conservation issue in translocations, and we suggest definitions, reporting, and experimental strategies to address it.
Identifying climate change refugia for South American biodiversity
Authors: Sales Lilian P. , Pires Mathias M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRefugia‐based conservation offers long‐term effectiveness and minimize uncertainty on strategies for climate change adaptation. We used distribution modelling to identify climate change refugia for 617 terrestrial mammals and to quantify the role of protected areas (PAs) in providing refugia across South America. To do so, we compared species potential distribution across different scenarios of climate change, highlighting those regions likely to retain suitable climatic conditions by year 2090, and explored the proportion of refugia inside PAs. Moist tropical forests in high‐elevation areas with complex topography concentrated the highest local diversity of species refugia, although regionally important refugia centers occurred elsewhere. Andean–Amazon forests contained climate change refugia for more than half of the continental species’ pool and for up to 87 species locally (17 × 17 km2 grid cell). The highlands of the southern Atlantic Forest also included megadiverse refugia for up to 76 species per cell. Almost half of the species that may find refugia in the Atlantic Forest will do so in a single region—the Serra do Mar and Serra do Espinhaço. Most of the refugia we identified, however, were not in PAs, which may contain <6% of the total area of climate change refugia, leaving 129–237 species with no refugia inside the territorial limits of PAs of any kind. Our results reveal a dismal scenario for the level of refugia protection in some of the most biodiverse regions of the world. Nonetheless, because refugia tend to be in high‐elevation, topographically complex, and remote areas, with lower anthropogenic pressure, formally protecting them may require a comparatively modest investment.
The effect of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on county‐level opioid prescribing practices and spillovers
Authors: Shakya Shishir , Ruseski Jane E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMost states now legally mandate providers to access the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP) database before prescribing controlled substances like opioids. We exploit variation in the adoption of these “must access” mandates between 2010 and 2017 to evaluate their impact on prescribing behavior. We find that counties in “must access” PDMP states have 5.5 fewer retail opioid prescriptions per 100 persons compared to counties in “voluntary access” PDMP states. We find evidence of geographic spillovers in opioid prescribing behavior. Our results underscore the importance recognizing the potential for cross‐border shopping when designing interventions to combat opioid misuse.
America's decoupling from China: A perspective from stock markets
Authors: Liu Kerry 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAmerica's decoupling‐from‐China debate started after July 2018, reached its peak in August 2020, and is likely to continue even if it may not be a high priority for the Biden administration. Many studies have examined various aspects of this issue, especially the potential economic impacts on the US economy. Unlike previous research, this study looks at the response of stock markets. Using Google Trends data, this study created a weekly dataset from January 2020 to June 2021 to measure investor sentiment towards the US decoupling from China. Employing the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models, the study finds that concern over decoupling is associated with significant variations in stock market prices. From this we can infer that the overall effects of decoupling on the US economy are likely to be considerable.
The effect of cyclic stress amplitude on macro‐meso failure of rock under triaxial confining pressure unloading
Authors: Wang Yu , Yan Mingqi , Song Weibin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work aims to explore the impact of cyclic stress amplitude (CSA) on the macro‐meso failure characteristics of deeply buried rock under confining pressure unloading process. The experimental results show that the deterioration of rock structure is influenced by the disturbed stress amplitude. It is found that the lateral expansion induced by confining pressure unloading has a great impact on rock volumetric deformation, damage propagation, and failure characteristics. Additionally, a damage evolution model is proposed and expressed using the irreversible lateral strain. The model is available to express the progressive damage evolution pattern. Finally, CT images investigate the complexity of the crack network, and it decreases with increasing CSA. It is suggested that the final volumetric deformation does not simply depend on the stimulated crack pattern but also on the failure modes. A specimen with the pure shear failure mode has the largest volumetric deformation.
Localized strain evolution and accumulation at the notch tip of an aluminum single crystal under cyclic loading
Authors: Deka Nipal , Singh Mahavir , Jonnalagadda Krishna N. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA synchronized analysis of strain localization and slip system interaction, with full‐field strain mapping, in the vicinity of a notch tip in aluminum single crystal is presented. Progressive strain accumulation, prominently along one of the slip shear bands, was demonstrated quantitatively under cyclic loading, using digital image correlation. This dominant slip band potentially critical for the nucleation and growth of a crack. Also, triple slip active regions found on the surface indicate the participation of all three in‐plane slip systems. Therefore, the use of either diagonal or weakly coupled hardening rule is recommended even in aluminum single crystals, instead of the commonly used isotropic models. Finally, the results from this work provide quantitative data on the progressive strain accumulation and localization around a notch under cyclic loading that can be used in model validation for single and polycrystal plasticity.
An efficient virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) system for gene functional studies in Miscanthus
Authors: He Guo , Zhao Xuhong , Xu Yan , Wang Yu , Zhang Zhihai , Xiao Liang , Hudson Matthew , Hu Ruibo , Li Shengjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVirus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful tool for transient gene functional analysis in plants, especially for monocot species (e.g., grasses) that are recalcitrant to transformation. Despite various VIGS systems that have been developed in different plant species, none was previously available for the bioenergy crop Miscanthus. Here, we report the establishment of an efficient and robust VIGS system mediated by Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) in Miscanthus. We first investigated the impact of various factors that may affect gene silencing efficiency using theMiscanthus sinensis Phytoene Desaturase(MsPDS) gene as a visual indicator of photobleaching. Then, we optimized the TRV‐elicited VIGS procedure using an orthogonal experimental design with four factors (sprout size, Agrobacterium concentration, vacuum infiltration time, and co‐incubation time) each at three levels. The following led to the highest silencing efficiency (~76%): inoculation of germinating seedlings (1.0–2.0 mm),Agrobacterium tumefaciensculture grown to optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.4, vacuum infiltration for 90 min, and co‐incubation for 5 h. The VIGS system established was applicable for bothM. sinensisandM. lutarioriparius,with comparable gene silencing efficiency. We verified the efficacy of the VIGS system via the functional characterization of the role of a MYB transcription factor, MsMYB112, in salt stress tolerance. Expression ofMsMYB112was successfully knocked down using the VIGS system, and this led to compromised salt tolerance in the silenced Miscanthus plants. The TRV‐based VIGS system established may, therefore, substantially facilitate functional genomic studies in Miscanthus.
A rapid review of interventions to improve medicine self‐management for older people living at home
Authors: Previdoli Giorgia , Cheong V‐Lin , Alldred David , Tomlinson Justine , Tyndale‐Biscoe Savi , Silcock Jonathan , Okeowo Daniel , Fylan Beth 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAs people age, they are more likely to develop multiple long‐term conditions that require complicated medicine regimens. Safely self‐managing multiple medicines at home is challenging and how older people can be better supported to do so has not been fully explored.AimThis study aimed to identify interventions to improve medicine self‐management for older people living at home and the aspects of medicine self‐management that they address.DesignA rapid review was undertaken of publications up to April 2022. Eight databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were as follows: interventions aimed at people 65 years of age or older and their informal carers, living at home. Interventions needed to include at least one component of medicine self‐management. Study protocols, conference papers, literature reviews and articles not in the English language were not included. The results from the review were reported through narrative synthesis, underpinned by the Resilient Healthcare theory.ResultsDatabase searches returned 14,353 results. One hundred and sixty‐seven articles were individually appraised (full‐text screening) and 33 were included in the review. The majority of interventions identified were educational. In most cases, they aimed to improve older people's adherence and increase their knowledge of medicines. Only very few interventions addressed potential issues with medicine supply. Only a minority of interventions specifically targeted older people with either polypharmacy, multimorbidities or frailty.ConclusionTo date, the emphasis in supporting older people to manage their medicines has been on the ability to adhere to medicine regimens. Most interventions identify and target deficiencies within the patient, rather than preparing patients for problems inherent in the medicine management system. Medicine self‐management requires a much wider range of skills than taking medicines as prescribed. Interventions supporting older people to anticipate and respond to problems with their medicines may reduce the risk of harm associated with polypharmacy and may contribute to increased resilience in the system.Patient or Public ContributionA patient with lived experience of medicine self‐management in older age contributed towards shaping the research question as well as the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review. She is also the coauthor of this article. A patient advisory group oversaw the study.
Diverse phenolic responses of six varietal wines (Vitis vinifera L.) throughout ageing in contact with a single type of oak barrels
Authors: Obreque‐Slier Elías , Molina‐Tejada Nelly , Medel‐Marabolí Marcela , López‐Solís Remigio 
Published: March 2023

SummaryBarrel ageing is a critical process in wine industry since it produces substantial changes in the chemical composition of wines. The transfer of polyphenols from wood to wine would be influenced by various factors including wood characteristics and storage conditions. The role of the wine matrix in the extraction/modification of polyphenols during wine ageing has been scarcely studied. The objective of this study was to characterise and compare the phenolic composition of six varietal wines (Carménère, Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Petit Verdot, Sangiovese and Tempranillo) during ageing in a single type of oak barrel aiming to learn about the role of the variety on the ageing process. Wine sampling was performed at 3‐month intervals for 1 year. Polyphenol profiles were analysed using spectrophotometric and HPLC‐DAD methods. The study showed that the effect of oak wood ageing on the phenolic composition of wines is highly influenced by the grape variety. Thus, different polyphenol‐associated chemical parameters of oak‐aged wines would be affected by chemical properties of the varietal wines that are present prior to barrel ageing.
Substitutional effect of Mg2+ on structural and magnetic properties of La2MgxNi1‐xMnO6 double‐perovskite thin films
Authors: Wang Chuanbin , Shi Junwei , Gan Hui , Wang Xiufen , Hu Mingzhe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBy doping different concentrations of Mg2+ at Ni site, the (00l)‐oriented La2MgxNi1‐xMnO6 (abbreviated as LMxNMO, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) double‐perovskite thin films were epitaxially grown by pulsed laser deposition. The substitutional effect of Mg2+ on the structural and magnetic properties of the films is comprehensively investigated. It is found that with the increase of Mg‐doping concentration, the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane lattice constants as well as the cell volume of the LMxNMO thin films increase, which could be ascribed to the radius difference between Mg2+ and Ni2+/Ni3+ ions, resulting in the in‐plane compressive stress in LMxNMO films. When the Mg‐doping concentration is small (x ≤ 0.1), the doped Mg2+ tends to substitute Ni3+, which restrains the intensity of antiferromagnetic interaction between Ni3+‐O‐Mn3+, resulting in the reduced the exchange bias field as well as the increased the saturation magnetization. However, when the Mg‐doping concentration increases to x ≥ 0.2, Mg2+ becomes to mainly replace Ni2+ position, which could inhibit the super‐exchange ferromagnetic interaction between Ni2+‐O‐Mn4+ magnetic paths and thus reduce the saturation magnetization. The enhanced magnetic properties can be obtained in the LM0.1NMO double‐perovskite thin film, with a large saturation magnetization of 492.12 emu/cm3 and a high Curie temperature of 262.7 K.
Chemical, functional, rheological and structural properties of broken rice–barnyard millet–green gram grits blend for the production of extrudates
Authors: Nisha R. , Nickhil C. , Pandiarajan T. , Pandiselvam R. , Jithender Bhukya , Kothakota Anjineyulu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBroken rice is an underutilized by‐product of the rice milling industry. It was added with green gram and barnyard millet to investigate as a source of nutrition‐based value‐added food product. The study was carried out to examine the influence of formulated composite flour obtained from broken rice (Oryza sativa) (50%–80%), barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) (10%–30%), and green gram (Vigna radiata) (10%–30%) on the chemical properties, functional properties, pasting properties, oscillatory test, flour behavior, and microstructure of extrudate. The ash, crude fiber, crude protein, fat, and carbohydrate of the extrudate ranged from 1.62%–1.78%, 1.88%–2.43%, 13.47%–14.57%, 4.9%–7.48%, and 66.86%–70.8%, respectively. The water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI) for the flour ranged from 5.06%–6.18 g/g and 2.34%–3.99%. The formulated composite flours having a higher percentage of broken rice showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in their pasting properties, pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and setback and final viscosity. The pasting properties gave better results using a twin‐screw extruder with operating conditions of barrel temperature of 110°C, screw speed of 290 rpm, and 14% moisture content (w.b.). The microstructure of the extrudate obtained from 80% broken rice, 10% barnyard millet, and 10% green gram grits flour possessed a more integrated, well‐defined porosity, indicating a completely gelatinized structure.Practical applicationDetermination of biochemical, structural, and rheological properties of ingredients are essential for the production desirable ready‐to‐eat snacks. In this context, the present study evaluated the functional and rheological properties of broken rice–barnyard millet–green gram blend for the production of nutritious snacks with desirable physical and textural properties. The findings of the study would be useful for food products industries using millets and broken rice as a major raw material.