bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Area Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Fe5−xGeTe2/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures with Curie Temperature above Room Temperature
Authors: Lv Hua , da Silva Alessandra , Figueroa Adriana I. , Guillemard Charles , Aguirre Iván Fernández , Camosi Lorenzo , Aballe Lucia , Valvidares Manuel , Valenzuela Sergio O. , Schubert Jürgen , Schmidbauer Martin , Herfort Jens , Hanke Michael , Trampert Achim , Engel‐Herbert Roman , Ramsteiner Manfred , Lopes Joao Marcelo J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures combining layered ferromagnets and other 2D crystals are promising building blocks for the realization of ultracompact devices with integrated magnetic, electronic, and optical functionalities. Their implementation in various technologies depends strongly on the development of a bottom‐up scalable synthesis approach allowing for realizing highly uniform heterostructures with well‐defined interfaces between different 2D‐layered materials. It is also required that each material component of the heterostructure remains functional, which ideally includes ferromagnetic order above room temperature for 2D ferromagnets. Here, it is demonstrated that the large‐area growth of Fe5−xGeTe2/graphene heterostructures is achieved by vdW epitaxy of Fe5−xGeTe2 on epitaxial graphene. Structural characterization confirms the realization of a continuous vdW heterostructure film with a sharp interface between Fe5−xGeTe2 and graphene. Magnetic and transport studies reveal that the ferromagnetic order persists well above 300 K with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. In addition, epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) continues to exhibit a high electronic quality. These results represent an important advance beyond nonscalable flake exfoliation and stacking methods, thus marking a crucial step toward the implementation of ferromagnetic 2D materials in practical applications.
Recycling of waste aluminum/magnesium metal scrap into useful Al‐ZrO2 alloy composite for eco‐friendly structural applications
Authors: De Poures Melvin Victor , Poyyamozhi Natesan , Sivanantham Arunachalam , Mukilarasan Nedunchezhiyan , Gopal Kaliyaperumal , Venkatesh Rathinavelu , Naveen Subbaiyan , Padmapriya Subbaiyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFabrication industries are emerging to reduce and recycle waste scrap materials into useful products for various engineering applications such as domestic, structural, marine, and construction doors and windows. Most waste scrap materials are affected by soil and water pollution, resulting in unsuitable environmental living. This study is to fabricate the low‐cost and eco‐friendly Al‐ZrO2 alloy composite made with waste Al/Mg metal scrap microparticles through stir casting technique and the developed composite with 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 15 wt% of ZrO2 were studied its mechanical properties (ASTM). The synthesized composites' mechanical tensile strength, impact, and hardness were evaluated by ASTM test standard. The revealed experimental results were compared and an optimum sample was addressed. The optical micrograph studies revealed the metal particle presence. The sample 4 composite contained 15 wt% of ZrO2 particles and showed superior mechanical properties like 7.7%, 57.7%, and 13.66% improvement in tensile strength, impact toughness, and hardness compared to sample 1 without ZrO2 particles.
Gesundheitsrisiken durch die Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen mit aufbereitetem Abwasser, das Antibiotikarückstände, Resistenzgene und resistente Mikroorganismen enthält
Authors: Smalla Kornelia , Kabisch Jan , Fiedler Gregor , Hammerl Jens Andre , Tenhagen Bernd-Alois 
Published: May 2023

ZusammenfassungDiese Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt Effekte und mögliche Gesundheitsrisiken durch resistente Mikroorganismen, Resistenzgene und Biozid- und Arzneimittelrückstände, die durch die Nutzung von aufbereitetem Abwasser zur Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen entstehen können. Dabei fokussiert die Arbeit auf spezifische Aspekte dieser Kontaminanten und ihrer Interaktionen, strebt jedoch keine allgemeine Bewertung der mikrobiologischen Belastungen an.In aufbereitetem Abwasser werden regelmäßig Rückstände von antibiotisch wirksamen Arzneimitteln, resistente Mikroorganismen und Resistenzgene nachgewiesen. Diese beeinflussen das Boden- und Pflanzenmikrobiom und können von den Pflanzen aufgenommen werden. Mit einer Interaktion von Antibiotikarückständen und Mikroorganismen ist vor allem vor der Ausbringung der aufbereiteten Abwässer zu rechnen. Sie kann allerdings auch das Pflanzenmikrobiom beeinflussen, inklusive der Gesamtheit seiner Resistenzgene (Resistom). Eine besondere Problematik ergibt sich dadurch, dass Pflanzen als Lebensmittel häufig roh, also ohne keimreduzierende Verarbeitungsschritte verzehrt werden. Gründliches Waschen pflanzlicher Lebensmittel beeinflusst das Pflanzenmikrobiom nur geringfügig. Zerkleinerungsschritte bei der Verarbeitung können hingegen zur Vermehrung vorhandener Mikroorganismen beitragen, so dass danach eine gründliche Kühlung erforderlich ist.Bei der Aufbereitung von Abwässern, die zur Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen eingesetzt werden sollen, werden neue Verfahren zur Elimination von Mikroschadstoffen und Mikroorganismen benötigt, um das Risiko einer verstärkten Exposition von Verbraucherinnen und Verbrauchern gegenüber übertragbaren Resistenzgenen und resistenten Bakterien weiter zu reduzieren.
Mechanical and microstructural features of wire-and-arc additively manufactured carbon steel thick plates
Authors: Laghi Vittoria , Arrè Lidiana , Tonelli Lavinia , Di Egidio Gianluca , Ceschini Lorella , Monzón Ivan , Laguía Alberto , Dieste José Antonio , Palermo Michele 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMetal additive manufacturing (AM), in particular wire-and-arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), has become over the last few years the breakthrough technology to reduce the environmental impact and increase the efficiency of steel structures. Although intense research effort has been paid toward the mechanical characterization of WAAM-produced thin walls, little attention has been devoted to the investigation of multi-layered thick parts. These latter would indeed expand the application of WAAM for large-scale constructions requiring thicker cross-sections to withstand high loading conditions. The present work provides a comprehensive experimental investigation of mild steel WAAM thick plates from the fabrication to the mechanical and microstructural characterization. First, the fabrication process is presented in full details. From that, microstructural and mechanical characterization is described and discussed, showing a homogeneous microstructure with little influence on the mechanical response along the wall plate thickness, also considering different specimen orientations with respect to the printing directions. The results confirm good mechanical properties of the printed outcomes, in line with those of structural mild steels manufactured with conventional technologies. Little influence on the response along the thickness is reported, thus proving the required quality of WAAM thick parts for applications in the construction sector.
Graphical Abstract
GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists
Authors: Agusti Alvar , Böhm Michael , Celli Bartolomé , Criner Gerard J. , Garcia-Alvarez Ana , Martinez Fernando , Sin Don D. , Vogelmeier Claus F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany patients seen by cardiologists suffer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in addition to their primary cardiovascular problem. Yet, quite often COPD has not been diagnosed and, consequently, patients have not been treated of their pulmonary disease. Recognizing and treating COPD in patients with CVDs is important because optimal treatment of the COPD carries important benefits on cardiovascular outcomes. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) publishes an annual report that serves as a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of COPD around the world and has very recently released the 2023 annual report. Here, we provide a summary of the GOLD 2023 recommendations that highlights those aspects of more interest for practicing cardiologists dealing with patients with CVD who may suffer COPD.
Pass-through with volatile exchange rates and inflation targeting
Authors: Alexius Annika , Holmberg Mikaela 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAs central banks struggle against high inflation in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in the Ukraine, it is essential to understand the open economy aspects of inflation determination. Using a Bayesian VAR with time-varying parameters and stochastic volatility, we analyze the behavior of pass-through across time and in relation to macroeconomic variables. Pass-through increases with the size of the volatility of the exchange rate and the level, variance and persistence of shocks to domestic prices, which is in line with theory. The persistence of exchange rate shocks is associated with higher pass-through only for observations with low inflation. Furthermore, the effect of inflation persistence on pass-through is much higher for exchange rate appreciations than for depreciations.
Space–time interactions between free-ranging red deer (Cervus elaphus) and grazing livestock on a fenced pasture
Authors: Gillich Benjamin , Michler Frank-Uwe , Stolter Caroline , Lorenz Antje , Metze Katrin , Tischew Sabine , Rieger Siegfried 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLivestock farming, which produces milk and meat, is practised by nearly all cultures. But in addition to this, grazing livestock fulfils other fundamentally important roles, one of which is the maintenance of open landscapes, which in turn provides habitat for many rare plant and animal species. Whether wild large herbivores, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), benefit from the management of the open landscapes is unknown, and there are conflicting views on the nature of the interaction between livestock and wildlife. To investigate this question, we studied interactions in space and time between red deer and livestock in an 787 ha fenced pasture in eastern Germany. First, we used faecal pellet counts to determine whether red deer were using the fenced pasture and whether livestock were using the entire available pasture. Second, we fitted ten red deer, as well as eight Konik horses (Equus ferus caballus) and eight Heck cattle (Bos taurus) with GPS-collars. These data allowed us to perform analyses of space–time interactions. The faecal pellet data showed that red deer did indeed use the fenced pasture and that livestock used the entire extent of the pasture. Further, we verified a neutral space–time interaction between red deer and livestock within the pasture. Thus, there was no indication of a negative effect of the presence of livestock on red deer inside the pasture. For these reasons, we recommend that low-intensity grazing by cattle and horses can maintain open landscapes without detrimental effects on the use of the area by red deer.
Olfactory sensitivity and threat-sensitive responses to alarm cue in an invasive fish
Authors: Wagner C. Michael , Bals Jason D. , Byford Gregory J. , Scott Anne M. , Feder Mikaela E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEstablishing how invasive animals perceive and manage the threat of predation improves our understanding of why certain species rapidly invade unfamiliar environs where others do not. The threat-sensitive response hypothesis predicts that prey that modulate their antipredator behavior in response to the perceived intensity of the threat will have a selective advantage. We investigated the behavioral and olfactory antipredator responses of migrating invasive sea lamprey to varying concentrations of a conspecific alarm cue in the laboratory and field. We hypothesized the odor indicates the presence and location of predation risk on river shorelines, allowing sea lamprey to either alter their migratory path and/or movement timing to reduce exposure to the predator. Migratory sea lampreys exhibited threat-sensitivity in space-use both in the laboratory and nature by increasingly avoiding areas as the concentration of alarm cue increased when safe space was available (areas without the alarm cue). The intensity of the avoidance at higher concentrations was greater in the field. Electrophysiological recordings from the olfactory organ confirmed a concomitant increase in signal output to the olfactory bulb of the brain when exposed to increased alarm cue concentrations. However, increasing the alarm cue concentration did not alter the animal’s motivation to move upstream in either avoidable risk or unavoidable risk scenarios. Exposure to alarm cue affected decisions regarding how to move, but not whether to move. Knowledge of how the animal uses the cue in nature reveals ways to use the cue to manipulate movement and achieve conservation goals.
Synergistic effects of habitat fragmentation and hunting on the extinction risk of neotropical primates
Authors: Mancini Giordano , Benítez-López Ana , Di Marco Moreno , Pacifici Michela , Rondinini Carlo , Santini Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHabitat fragmentation and overexploitation of natural resources are the most prevalent and severe threats to biodiversity in tropical forests. Several studies have estimated the effect of these threats on species extinction risk, however the effect resulting from their interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we assess whether and how habitat area, fragmentation, and hunting can synergistically affect the extinction risk of neotropical primates (Platyrrhine). We use a Random Forest model to estimate the Red List extinction risk category of 147 primate species based on their biological traits and the environmental predictors they are exposed to. We find that environmental variables are better predictors of extinction risk than biological traits, and that hunting and fragmentation interact creating synergistic feedback that lead to higher extinction risk than when considered in isolation. We also show that the effect of environmental predictors is mediated by biological traits, with large species being sensitive to habitat area and fragmentation, and frugivorous species more threatened by hunting. Our results increase the understanding of potentially interactive effects between different threats, habitat area and species traits, supporting the idea that multiple threats can reinforce each other and should be thus addressed simultaneously in conservation agendas.
Persistent and transient productive efficiency in the African airline industry
Authors: Martini Gianmaria , Porta Flavio , Scotti Davide 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAirline efficiency growth is considered one of the key factors for aviation sustainability in Africa and for creating a successful relationship between aviation activities and economic development in the continent. This paper proposes estimating the efficiency of African airlines in the period 2010–2019 using a state-of-the-art stochastic frontier model disentangling persistent efficiency, transient efficiency, and unobserved heterogeneity. We also examine the impact on both persistent and transient efficiency of (i) ownership structure, (ii) political stability, (iii) airline geographical location, (iv) airline domicile country’s economic freedom, and (v) airline participation in a global alliance. We find evidence of relatively low efficiency and decreasing returns to scale, implying that it is important to achieve better utilization of inputs. Our findings also suggest that protectionism seems still an important driver of efficiency in a context characterized by a lack of liberalization. However, enhanced economic freedom is found to be more relevant in improving the efficiencies of African airlines, suggesting that policy interventions aimed at speeding up the liberalization process may help to remove the conditions that make air carriers operate inefficiently.
Psychische Gesundheit Studierender während des Online-Studiums im Zuge der COVID-19-Pandemie – quantitative und qualitative Befunde
Authors: Giesselbach Lisa , Leimann Janna , Bonner Carolin , Josupeit Jan , Dieterich Sven , Quilling Eike 
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studierende gelten auch in der COVID-19-Pandemie („coronavirus disease 2019“) als besonders vulnerabel für psychische Belastungen und Erkrankungen.

Ziele
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wurde eine quantitative Bestandsaufnahme der psychischen Gesundheit Studierender an der Hochschule für Gesundheit in Bochum vorgenommen. Darüber hinaus wurde im Zuge einer qualitativen Untersuchung ihr subjektives Erleben des Online-Studiums im Wintersemester 2020/2021 erhoben.

Methoden
Im Rahmen einer online-basierten Umfrage wurden im März 2021 mittels validierter Instrumente das Wohlbefinden (WHO-5) und das mögliche Vorliegen depressiver Störungen (PHQ-9) bei 435 Studierenden der Hochschule für Gesundheit in Bochum erhoben. Weitergehend wurden Studierende der Hochschule zu ihren Erfahrungen und ihrem Erleben im Online-Studium interviewt.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung
Es zeigte sich im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung, dass das Wohlbefinden der Befragten unterdurchschnittlich ausgeprägt war und dass mit 26,9 % bei überdurchschnittlich vielen Befragten begründeter Verdacht hinsichtlich des Vorliegens von Depressionen bestand. Die Ergebnisse aus dem qualitativen Forschungsstrang bildeten ein überwiegend negativ bewertetes Erleben der Studierenden bezüglich des Online-Studiums ab. Insbesondere fehlende soziale Kontakte sowie Schwierigkeiten in der digitalen Umsetzung von Lehrveranstaltungen standen hiermit im Zusammenhang. Die Daten deuteten v. a. auf die erhebliche Bedeutung von Hochschulen und des Studiums in Bezug auf die psychische Gesundheit von Studierenden. So besteht v. a. dahingehend Handlungsbedarf, sich als wichtiger Akteur hinsichtlich des Auslösens von psychischer Beanspruchung der Studierenden einerseits sowie als Ort gesundheitsförderlicher Interventionen andererseits zu verstehen. Die Betrachtung beider Perspektiven bietet diverse Ansatzpunkte für Gesundheitsförderung bzw. -management in Hochschulen.
Analyzing SDG interlinkages: identifying trade-offs and synergies for a responsible innovation
Authors: Luttikhuis Nikki , Wiebe Kirsten S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper responds to recent calls to address the indivisible nature of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) framework and the related knowledge gap on how SDG targets interlink with each other. It examines how SDG targets interact in the context of a specific technology, point of care (PoC) microfluidics, and how this relates to the concept of responsible innovation (RI). The novel SDG interlinkages methodology developed here involves several steps to filter the relevant interlinkages and a focus group of experts for discussing these interlinkages. The main findings indicate that several social synergies occur when deploying PoC microfluidics, but that the environmental trade-offs may jeopardize the total progress toward the SDGs. More specifically, the environmental sacrifices (use of plastics and lack of recyclability) resulted in the product being cheaper and, thus, better accessible. This work suggests that attention should be given (and prioritized) to the use of renewable and recyclable materials without jeopardizing the accessibility of the product. This should minimize the identified trade-offs. These findings inform how analyzing SDG interlinkages relates to the responsibilities and dimensions of RI in several ways. First, analyzing SDG interlinkages helps to execute the governance responsibility by using the RI dimensions (anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion and responsiveness). Second, analyzing SDG interlinkages gives insights into if and how a technology relates to the do-good and avoid-harm responsibility. This is important to assess the responsiveness of the technology to ensure that the technology can become truly sustainable and leaves no one behind.
β­caryophyllene oxide induces apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: Shabana Sameh M. , Gad Nahla S. , Othman Azza I. , Mohamed Aly Fahmy , El-Missiry Mohamed Amr 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOne of the most common cancers that result in death is lung cancer. There is new hope in the fight against lung cancer thanks to the chemopreventive properties of natural dietary substances like β-caryophyllene oxide (CPO), and research is currently being done to test this theory. CPO, a sesquiterpene isolated from medicinal plant essential oils, inhibits carcinogenesis and has been effective in treating many cancers. This study examined how CPO affected proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells. CPO was found to have an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 124.1 g/ml. The proliferative markers Ki67 and PCNA were significantly inhibited after cells were treated with CPO at a concentration of 50 g/ml compared to controls. CPO-treated cells expressed more P21, P53, and DNA strand breaks than controls. This was accompanied by a significant cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases. In treated A549 cells, this was also associated with a significant induction of apoptosis, as shown by the upregulation of the expression of caspases 3, 7, and 9, as well as Bax, and the downregulation of Bcl-2. Furthermore, the redox status of treated A549 cells revealed a marked rise in GSH and GPx activity levels and a decline in 4-HNE levels, indicating low oxidative stress following CPO treatment of A549 cells. In conclusion, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, which are unrelated to oxidative stress, were the mechanisms by which CPO reduced cancer lung cell growth. This finding might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer.
Graphical abstract
Hypothetical scheme of CPO anticancer effects (mechanism of signaling) in A549 cells; in vitro. CPO treatment increases expression of p21, p53 and DNA fragmentation. These events cause arrest of cell cycle which was associated with significant induction in apoptosis via increase expression of caspases (-3,-7,-9), and Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2.
Comparison of machine learning and deep learning techniques for the prediction of air pollution: a case study from China
Authors: Ayus Ishan , Natarajan Narayanan , Gupta Deepak 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe adverse effect of air pollution has always been a problem for human health. The presence of a high level of air pollutants can cause severe illnesses such as emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or asthma. Air quality prediction helps us to undertake practical action plans for controlling air pollution. The Air Quality Index (AQI) reflects the degree of concentration of pollutants in a locality. The average AQI was calculated for the various cities in China to understand the annual trends. Furthermore, the air quality index has been predicted for ten major cities across China using five different deep learning techniques, namely, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Bidirectional Gated Recurrent unit (Bi-GRU), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM), Convolutional Neural Network BiLSTM (CNN-BiLSTM), and Convolutional BiLSTM (Conv1D-BiLSTM). The performance of these models has been compared with a machine learning model, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to discover the most efficient deep learning model. The results suggest that the machine learning model, XGBoost, outperforms the deep learning models. While Conv1D-BiLSTM and CNN-BiLSTM perform well among the deep learning models in the estimation of the air quality index (AQI), RNN and Bi-GRU are the least performing ones. Thus, both XGBoost and neural network models are capable of capturing the non-linearity present in the dataset with reliable accuracy.