bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Parent Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life and Social Support
Authors: Mannion Arlene , Leader Geraldine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are a common comorbidity in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Little is known about the impact that GI symptoms have on parental well-being. Parents of 409 children and adolescents with ASD completed the GI Symptoms Inventory, Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, World Health Organization Quality of Life Abbreviated Version, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. High levels of stress were demonstrated by parents with 40.1% receiving clinically significant scores. A relationship was found between parental stress and GI symptoms. Parental anxiety and depression were found at high levels but were not more common in parents of individuals with GI symptoms than those without. Lower levels of quality of life were found in parents of individuals with GI symptoms compared to parents of individuals without GI symptoms. Parents of children with GI symptoms were less satisfied with their personal and social relationships with others. Parents of children with GI symptoms had lower scores on a measure of perceived social support than parents of children and adolescents without GI symptoms. GI symptoms are stressful for parents and future research is needed to determine how to alleviate this stress and to improve the quality of life of parents of individuals with ASD.
Synchronization in STDP-driven memristive neural networks with time-varying topology
Authors: Yamakou Marius E. , Desroches Mathieu , Rodrigues Serafim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSynchronization is a widespread phenomenon in the brain. Despite numerous studies, the specific parameter configurations of the synaptic network structure and learning rules needed to achieve robust and enduring synchronization in neurons driven by spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) and temporal networks subject to homeostatic structural plasticity (HSP) rules remain unclear. Here, we bridge this gap by determining the configurations required to achieve high and stable degrees of complete synchronization (CS) and phase synchronization (PS) in time-varying small-world and random neural networks driven by STDP and HSP. In particular, we found that decreasing P (which enhances the strengthening effect of STDP on the average synaptic weight) and increasing F (which speeds up the swapping rate of synapses between neurons) always lead to higher and more stable degrees of CS and PS in small-world and random networks, provided that the network parameters such as the synaptic time delay $$\tau _c$$

τ
c

, the average degree $$\langle k \rangle$$

⟨
k
⟩

, and the rewiring probability $$\beta$$
β
have some appropriate values. When $$\tau _c$$

τ
c

, $$\langle k \rangle$$

⟨
k
⟩

, and $$\beta$$
β
are not fixed at these appropriate values, the degree and stability of CS and PS may increase or decrease when F increases, depending on the network topology. It is also found that the time delay $$\tau _c$$

τ
c

can induce intermittent CS and PS whose occurrence is independent F. Our results could have applications in designing neuromorphic circuits for optimal information processing and transmission via synchronization phenomena.
Diurnal coastal trapped waves propagating along the east coast of the Shimokita Peninsula, Japan
Authors: In Teiji , Kuji Tomoyuki , Kofuji Hisaki , Nakayama Tomoharu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, we investigated diurnal coastal trapped waves in the eastern coastal area of the Shimokita Peninsula near the Tsugaru Strait. The coastal trapped waves in this area have not yet been observed. We observed current velocities at three sites on the coast to clarify the propagation and seasonal features. We also used an ocean general circulation model to determine the detailed structure and the causes underlying the seasonal characteristics of the waves. The coastal trapped waves propagated southward along the coast from the strait, where significant tidal currents exist. Coastal trapped waves depend on cross-shelf length and stratification strength. The coastal trapped waves propagate as internal Kelvin waves from summer to early winter in the northern part of the peninsula (where the shelf is narrow) and as shelf waves in the southern part (where the shelf is wide). From late winter to spring, the coastal trapped waves practically disappear in the northern part of the peninsula owing to the vertical uniform density off the east coast and the small cross-shelf width in the northern part. In autumn, the tidal current flows north of the sill near Cape Shiriya at the eastern mouth of the straits owing to the northward shift of the Tsugaru Warm Current in the strait; thus, the coastal trapped waves along the Shimokita coast weaken.
Pose estimation for swimmers in video surveillance
Authors: Cao Xiaowen , Yan Wei Qi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTraditional models for pose estimation in video surveillance are based on graph structures, in this paper, we propose a method that breaks the limitation of template matching within a range of pose changes to obtain robust results. We implement our swimmer pose estimation method based on deep learning. We take use of High-Resolution Net (HRNet) to extract and fuse visual features of visual object and complete the object detection using the key points of human joint. The proposed model could be applied to all kinds of swimming styles throughout appropriate training. Compared with the methods that require multimodel combinations and training, the proposed method directly achieves the end-to-end prediction, which is easily to be implemented and deployed. In addition, a cross-fusion module is added between parallel networks, which assists the network to make use of the characteristics of multiple resolutions. The proposed network has achieved ideal results in the pose estimation of swimmers by comparing HRNet-W32 and HRNet-W48. In addition, we propose an annotated key point dataset of swimmers which was created from the view of underwater swimmers. Compared with side view, the torso of swimmers collected by the underwater view is much suitable for a broad spectrum of machine vision tasks.
Deep roots: implications for nitrogen uptake and drought tolerance among winter wheat cultivars
Authors: Odone Arnesta , Popovic Olga , Thorup-Kristensen Kristian 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background and aims
Deep roots are needed to allow uptake of nitrogen (N) and water available in the deeper soil layers, to help tolerate increasingly extreme climates. Yet few studies in the field have been able to identify genetic differences in deep roots and how this relates to N and water uptake. This study aimed to identify the relationship between deep roots and tolerance to drought, and how this varies by genotype and with differing N fertilization.

Methods
We grew 14 diverse genotypes of winter wheat in a semi-field facility in Denmark, in 2019 and 2020, with a soil depth gradient and a rain-out shelter to create a water stress. We used minirhizotron tubes reaching to 2.5 m depth to quantify differences in deep roots. We applied isotope tracers (15N and 2H labelled water) at 1.6-1.8 m at anthesis to assess differences in root function. Grain and straw 13C were used to assess drought stress.

Results
We found differences in deep roots between genotypes, and slightly less deep root growth when more N was applied. Deep roots were correlated with grain yield, uptake of deep-placed tracers of water and N, and tolerance to drought. Genotypes with deeper roots had the biggest decrease in water stress and increase in grain yield, when their roots had access to deeper soil.

Conclusion
Deeper roots were related to drought tolerance and increased yields. This suggests that deep rooting should be considered in future breeding efforts for more climate resilient crops.
Addressing Evaluation Barriers with Early Innovation Development for Adolescent-Focused Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions
Authors: Wilson Kelly L. , Axelson Sarah , Garney Whitney R. , Garcia Kristen M. , Suellentrop Katy , Esquivel Christi H. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMost evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention programs focus on individual-level sexual health outcomes (e.g., STIs, pregnancy, teen births). To expand program and intervention approaches within teen pregnancy prevention (TPP), the Department of Health and Human Services funded two grantees, Innovative Teen Pregnancy Prevention Programs (iTP3) and Innovation Next (IN) to support and enable early innovation to advance adolescent health and prevent teen pregnancy. The pipeline to support and enable innovation in adolescent health is complex, resulting in barriers and challenges to research and evaluation of novel programs. This paper presents some of the barriers encountered by the grantees. Data for this paper was collected from key personnel and secondary data sources. Focus group participants included seven representatives (n = 7) across the two organizations. Focus group questions assessed barriers related to innovative intervention development and evaluation. Key findings include four barriers to evaluation when fostering innovative adolescent-focused pregnancy prevention interventions. These included (a) funding constraints on evaluation activities, (b) innovation readiness for rigorous testing, (c) evaluation knowledge and expertise on innovation-development teams, and (d) challenges with evaluation requirements. Novel and promising system- and technology-focused interventions with the potential to impact TPP require alternative tools and approaches for evaluation. This would allow research to focus on how systems-level change mechanisms (i.e., policy, access to care) impact sexual risk behaviors and better understand ecological and social determinants of health for the priority population. The advancement of approaches to impact adolescent health identifies the need to expand the focus of evidence-based interventions beyond the adolescent themselves and understand approaches that impact external contexts and environments related to reducing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) risk-taking.
Online Sexual Harassment in Adolescence: A Scoping Review
Authors: Angela Franceschi , María-Luisa Rodríguez-deArriba , Annalaura Nocentini , Ersilia Menesini 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Sexual harassment is a complex behavior to study since it is characterized by various dimensions and definitions. Analyzing the characteristics and manifestations of this behavior in the online context, at such a vulnerable time as adolescence, is important to fully understand its nature, characteristics, and consequences.

Aims and Method
This work aims to systematize the information available in the literature, identify labels used to refer to online sexual harassment in the adolescent population, describe the definition of online sexual harassment taking into consideration specific criteria that emerge from the studies, and describe the operationalization of online sexual harassment. The literature search was conducted in November 2021 through four scientific databases: Scopus, PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science. The initial search led to 20958 results: after eliminating duplicates, screening, and reading of full-texts, 65 papers were included in the review.

Results
The type of relationship between aggressor and victim, the use of abusive connotations, and the time frame of occurring behaviors are investigated in included studies. Moreover, different typologies of abuse have been described, by differentiating between studies that focus on the victim's point of view and studies that focus on the perpetrator’s point of view.

Conclusion
Online sexual harassment covers a wide range of behaviors using digital content (images, videos, posts, messages). Through this scoping review, it is possible to identify some key characteristics of this phenomenon: online sexual harassment has an abusive connotation, as it is perceived as unwanted by the victim, it can occur in three main typologies (verbal, visual, cybersex) and even a single episode is enough to experience victimization. In terms of relational behaviors, online sexual harassment includes unwanted sexual solicitations and non-consensual sharing.
Who Counts as a Sexual Subject? The Impact of Ableist Rhetoric for People with Intellectual Disability in Sweden
Authors: Bahner Julia , Gäddman Johansson Richard , Svanelöv Eric 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
The ableist rhetoric around sexuality in disability services and beyond can hinder subjective sexual expression and have a powerful impact on health, self-esteem, and everyday life through internalized ableism, structural marginalization, and interpersonal discrimination. The aim of this study was to explore the ableist rhetoric of sexuality and its impact on sexual scripting for people with intellectual disability.

Methods
A thematic analysis was carried out on data generated through ethnographic fieldwork at five sheltered accommodations and semi-structured interviews with ten individuals with intellectual disability.

Results
The results show that people in Sweden with intellectual disability are desexualized within a moral order that is maintained in post-institutional social care. Through this moral order, which is deeply embedded in an ableist rhetoric about sexual relationships, sexual scripting for disabled people is constrained both inside post-institutional social care initiatives, and in the broader community of “ableist environments.” In response, disabled people employ various strategies of resistance.

Conclusions
A rhetoric of positive sexuality should be a guiding principle for successfully supporting the development of sexual agency on each individual’s own term.

Policy Implications
We conclude by encouraging the development of initiatives that will empower and support people with intellectual disability to learn about their sexual rights and to find solutions that allow for development of sexual agency and subjectivity.
Characterization and diagnosis spectrum of patients with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis
Authors: Dyckhoff-Shen Susanne , Bewersdorf Jan P. , Teske Nina C. , Völk Stefanie , Pfister Hans-Walter , Koedel Uwe , Klein Matthias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThere is an overlap in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics of patients presenting with different etiologies of CSF pleocytosis. Here, we characterized patients with CSF pleocytosis treated in a large hospital.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 1150 patients with an elevated CSF leukocyte count > 5 cells/µl treated at a university hospital in Germany from January 2015 to December 2017 was performed. Information on clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, diagnosis and outcome was collected. Clinical and laboratory features were tested for their potential to differentiate between bacterial meningitis (BM) and other causes of CSF pleocytosis.ResultsThe most common etiologies of CSF pleocytosis were CNS infections (34%: 20% with detected pathogen, 14% without), autoimmune (21%) and neoplastic diseases (16%). CSF cell count was higher in CNS infections with detected pathogen (median 82 cells/µl) compared to autoimmune (11 cells/µl,p = 0.001), neoplastic diseases (19 cells/µl,p = 0.01) and other causes (11 cells/µl,p < 0.001). The CHANCE score was developed to differentiate BM from other causes of CSF pleocytosis: Multivariate regression revealed that CSF cell count > 100 cells/µl, CSF protein > 100 mg/dl, CRP > 5 mg/dl, elevated white blood cell count, abnormal mental status and nuchal rigidity are important indicators. The CHANCE score identified patients with BM with high sensitivity (92.1%) and specificity (90.9%) (derivation cohort: AUC: 0.955, validation cohort: AUC: 0.956).ConclusionOverall, the most common causes for CSF pleocytosis include infectious, neoplastic or autoimmune CNS diseases in ~ 70% of patients. The CHANCE score could be of help to identify patients with high likelihood of BM and support clinical decision making.
Hierarchical painter: Chinese landscape painting restoration with fine-grained styles
Authors: Xu Zhekai , Shang Haohong , Yang Shaoze , Xu Ruiqi , Yan Yichao , Li Yixuan , Huang Jiawei , Yang Howard C. , Zhou Jianjun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractImage inpainting is a critical area of research in computer vision with a broad range of applications, including image restoration and editing. However, current inpainting models often struggle to learn the specific painting styles and fine-grained brushstrokes of individual artists when restoring Chinese landscape paintings. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel inpainting model specifically designed for Chinese landscape paintings, featuring a hierarchical structure that can be applied to restore the famous Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains with remarkable fidelity. The proposed method leverages an image processing algorithm to extract the structural information of Chinese landscape paintings. This approach enables the model to decompose the inpainting process into two separate steps, generating less informative backgrounds and more detailed foregrounds. By seamlessly merging the generated results with the remaining portions of the original work, the proposed method can faithfully restore Chinese landscape paintings while preserving their rich details and fine-grained styles. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that the proposed method represents a significant step forward in the field of image inpainting, particularly for the restoration of Chinese landscape paintings. The hierarchical structure and image processing algorithm used in this model is able to faithfully restore delicate and intricate details of these paintings, making it a promising tool for art restoration professionals and researchers.
Target benefit versus defined contribution scheme: a multi-period framework
Authors: Chen Ping , Yao Haixiang , Yang Hailiang , Zhu Dan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA target benefit plan (TBP) is a collective defined contribution (DC) plan that is growing in popularity in Canada. Similar to DC plans, TBPs have fixed contribution rates, but they also implement pooling of longevity and investment risk. In this paper, we formulate a multi-period model that incorporates two sources of risk – asset risk and labor income risk for active members. We present an optimal investment and retirement benefits schedule for TBP members with a fixed contribution rate. Using Australian data from 1965 to 2018, we evaluate the performance of the optimal TBP scheme and compare it to the optimal DC scheme. By adopting the benefit–investment strategy derived in this paper, we demonstrate the stability of benefit distribution over time for a TBP scheme in this stochastic formulation. To outperform the DC scheme’s benefit payment, careful consideration shall be given to the benefit target in the TBP scheme. A high target may not be achievable, while a low target can impede the accumulation momentum of the fund’s wealth in its early stages. Moreover, a TBP fund’s investment strategy is primarily influenced by the wealth target, with more aggressive investments in risky assets as the wealth target increases. This analysis may shed light on the possible improvements to retirement planning in Australia. Although the results are sensitive to the choice of model parameters, overall, the proposed TBP promotes system stability in various scenarios.
Strategies to reduce hospital-associated bloodstream infections in a limited resource setting: Preventing Infections in Neonates (PIN) collaborative
Authors: Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Curless Melanie S. , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Milstone Aaron M. , Ahmad Kamar Azanna 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background:
Hospitalized neonates are at high risk for hospital-associated bloodstream infections (HA-BSI) and require locally contextualized interventions to prevent HA-BSI.

Methods:
The Preventing Infections in Neonates (PIN) collaborative aimed to reach a 50% decrease in neonatal HA-BSI rates for a 27-bed Level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Using quality improvement (QI) methodologies, a multidisciplinary cross-cultural collaborative implemented phased and bundled interventions from July 2017 to September 2019. Descriptive statistics and statistical process control charts were used to analyze infection rates.

Results:
There were 916 admissions, 19,812 patient-days, and 4264 central line days in the NICU during the project period. Monthly baseline preintervention HA-BSI median rate was 3.95/1000 patient-days and decreased to 1.73/1000 patient-days (56% change) during the bundled interventions. Quarterly HA-BSI rates also decreased from the preintervention median of 4.5/1000 patient-days to 3.3/1000 patient-days during the intervention period (IRR 0.73; 95%CI 0.39, 1.36). Staff were highly compliant with hand hygiene and environmental cleaning. Through project efforts, compliance with bundle elements increased from 25% at baseline to a peak of 97% for central line (CL) insertion checklists and from 13% to a peak of 56% for CL maintenance checklists.

Conclusions:
Unit-based bundled interventions can reduce neonatal HA-BSI in limited resource settings. Future studies can assess similar practices in other units and the impact of the pandemic on interventions to reduce HA-BSIs.
Examining Factors Influencing Protective Actions Among Persons with Disabilities During the December 10–11, 2021, Tornado Outbreak in the United States
Authors: First Jennifer M. , Lee Sangwon 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective:
This study examined various factors influencing protective actions among persons with disabilities exposed to the December 10–11, 2021, tornado outbreak in the US Midwest and Southeastern regions.

Methods:
Survey administration occurred 5 months following the tornado outbreak and included a total of 209 persons with disabilities who lived in one of the counties impacted by tornado warnings. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of hypothesized predictors impacting protective behavioral actions.

Results:
Results found that persons with disabilities who had access to more tornado warning sources increased their protective actions, and tornado risk perception further mediated the relationship between warning information sources and protective actions. In addition, results found that persons with disabilities who encountered more situational barriers in their physical and social environment were found to have a decrease in protective action, and having more situational resources was found to contribute to the ability to take protective action.

Conclusions:
The current study’s results highlight the need for policies and practices that provide additional physical and social resources for persons with disabilities to seek protection during tornado threats.