bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Benzene Derivatives with Multiple Dichlorophosphino Groups
Authors: Zander Edgar , Schweidt Lea , Purschke Simon , Michalik Dirk , Villinger Alexander , Bresien Jonas , Schulz Axel 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe chlorination of 1,2‐diphosphinobenzene with PCl5 to 1,2‐bis(dichlorophosphino)benzene was performed with high yields (93 %) despite the high number of P−H functions. The method was further applied to other phosphanes, enabling the first synthesis and complete characterization of 1,2,4‐tris(dichlorophosphino)benzene (89 % yield) and 1,2,4,5‐tetrakis(dichlorophosphino)benzene (91 % yield), valuable precursors for example for binuclear complexes, coordination polymers, organic wires, or metal–organic frameworks. The application of the chlorophosphanes in base induced ring closure reactions with primary amines is demonstrated.
A Stunt of Sustainability: Artificial Humic Substances Can Generate and Stabilize Single Fe0 Species on Mineral Surfaces
Authors: Yang Fan , Tarakina Nadezda , Antonietti Markus 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIron species are omnipresent in fertile soils and contribute to biological and geological redox processes. Here, we show by advanced electron microscopy techniques that an important, but previously not considered iron species, single atom Fe0 stabilized on clay mineral surfaces, is contained in soils when humic substances are present. As the concentration of neutral iron atoms is highest under frost logged soil conditions, their formation can be attributed to the action of a then reductive microbiome. The Fe0/Fe2+ couple is with −0.04 V standard potential highly suited for natural environmental remediation and detoxification, and its occurrence can help to explain the sustained auto‐detoxification of black soils.
First insight into the phylogeny of fine‐leaved Festuca in the Altai Mountain Country based on genome‐wide genotyping
Authors: Kriuchkova Elizaveta A. , Baiakhmetov Evgenii , Nobis Marcin , Gudkova Polina D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFestuca is one of the largest genera within the Poaceae family. Molecular phylogenies demonstrate that Festuca s.l. comprises two groups: broad‐ and fine‐leaved species. The latter is the species‐richest and taxonomically complicated group due to being paraphyletic. Here, we provide the first insight into the phylogeny of 17 fine‐leaved species of Altai fescues. Based on genome‐wide genotyping, the examined taxa were divided into three markedly differentiated clusters. The first cluster comprises species from the F. rubra complex, the second cluster includes the F. brachyphylla complex, and the third cluster contains taxa from the groups F. ovina, F. valesiaca, and F. kryloviana. Importantly, we detected a complex genetic pattern within the groups of F. valesiaca and F. kryloviana. Moreover, our findings underline a discrepancy between morphological and molecular data for some species distributed within the Altai Mountain Country. We suggest that in order to validate the current findings on the fine‐leaved fescues, additional comprehensive research including morphological, karyological, and molecular methods is required. Nonetheless, our work provides a baseline for further investigations on the genus and studies on the floral diversity of Asia.
African Queens find mates when males are rare
Authors: Rutagarama Vincent P. , Ireri Piera M. , Sibomana Constantin , Omufwoko Kennedy S. , Martin Simon H. , ffrench‐Constant Richard H. , Eckardt Winnie , Kaplin Beth K. , Smith David A. S. , Gordon Ian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn butterflies and moths, male‐killing endosymbionts are transmitted from infected females via their eggs, and the male progeny then perish. This means that successful transmission of the parasite relies on the successful mating of the host. Paradoxically, at the population level, parasite transmission also reduces the number of adult males present in the final population for infected females to mate with. Here we investigate if successful female mating when males are rare is indeed a likely rate‐limiting step in the transmission of male‐killing Spiroplasma in the African Monarch, Danaus chrysippus. In Lepidoptera, successful pairings are hallmarked by the transfer of a sperm‐containing spermatophore from the male to the female during copulation. Conveniently, this spermatophore remains detectable within the female upon dissection, and thus, spermatophore counts can be used to assess the frequency of successful mating in the field. We used such spermatophore counts to examine if altered sex ratios in the D. chrysippus do indeed affect female mating success. We examined two different field sites in East Africa where males were often rare. Surprisingly, mated females carried an average of 1.5 spermatophores each, regardless of male frequency, and importantly, only 10–20% remained unmated. This suggests that infected females will still be able to mate in the face of either Spiroplasma‐mediated male killing and/or fluctuations in adult sex ratio over the wet–dry season cycle. These observations may begin to explain how the male‐killing mollicute can still be successfully transmitted in a population where males are rare.
Establishment of a donor pig for xenotransplantation clinical trials based on the principle of Changsha Communiqué
Authors: Ma Xiaoqian , Li Sang , Wang Jia , Xu Chang , Wang Wei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundXenotransplantation is a potential way to reduce the shortage of the needed organ grafts for the end‐stage disease. Immune rejection, physiological incompatibility and bio‐safety are the most critical issues.MethodsTo ensure the safety and efficacy of gene editing, second‐ and third‐generation sequencing technologies have allowed us to obtain a clearer genetic background of donor pigs for xenotransplantation. Based on the Changsha Communiqué, the local DPF‐ excluded lists and DPF donor facility were established in Changsha, China. A pig‐to‐human islet clinical trial was conducted and overseen by the respective Chinese governmental agency.ResultsThe DPF standards for pig husbandry eliminated specific pathogens in donor pigs. We have established a PERV‐C free, genetic information clean, DPF donor for xenotransplantation. A clinical trial of ten adult patients (9M:1F) with type 1 diabetes who received DPF porcine islet xenotransplantation via the portal vein were performed. Clinical accepted immunosuppressant drugs and autologous Treg were used for controlling immune rejection. No cross‐species infection events occurred in this trial, and importantly, no cross‐species transmission of PERV was found.ConclusionsXenotransplantation is a pioneer study and safety is the most important issue. The fundamental principles for establishing xenotransplantation donor pigs should follow the Changsha Communiqué (2008), the second WHO consultation,and the 2018 Changsha Communiqué which would finally help reducing the risks of xenotransplantation.
Is primary health care worth it in the long run? Evidence from Brazil
Authors: Ferreira‐Batista Natalia Nunes , Teixeira Adriano Dutra , Diaz Maria Dolores Montoya , Postali Fernando Antonio Slaibe , Moreno‐Serra Rodrigo , Love‐Koh James 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper assesses whether Brazilian primary health care is worth it in the long‐run by estimating the accumulated costs and benefits of its flagship, the Family Health Strategy program (ESF). We employ an alternative strategy centered on years of exposure to the program to incorporate its dynamics. We also account for the program's heterogeneity with respect to the remuneration of ESF health teams and the intensity of coverage across Brazilian municipalities, measure by the number of people assisted by each ESF team, on average. To address heterogeneity in professional earnings, this paper employs, for the first time, a dataset containing the remuneration of professionals allocated to all ESF teams nationwide. The benefits are measured by the avoided deaths and hospitalizations due to causes sensitive to primary care. Results suggest that the net monetary benefit of the program is positive on average, with an optimum time of exposure of approximately 16 years. Significant heterogeneities in cost‐benefit results were found since costs outweigh benefits in localities where the coverage is low intensive. On the other hand, the benefits outweigh the costs by 22.5% on average in municipalities with high intensive coverage.
CFO accounting education on the choice of earnings management
Authors: Tuo Ling , Du Ruixue , Liu Zhenfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates whether CFO's educational background could influence his/her firm's level of earnings management because CFO plays a direct role in overseeing financial reporting. Based on agency theory and upper echelons theory, we discuss whether a CFO with/without an accounting degree could incentivize him/her to choose one over another among the three types of earnings management. Using a US sample between 1999 and 2016, we empirically find that CFOs with an accounting degree are associated with a higher degree of accrual earnings management and a higher degree of real earnings management through overproduction while CFOs without any accounting degree are associated with a higher degree of classification shifting. Our results hold robust when we implement a difference‐in‐difference test on the executive turnover from a CFO without any accounting degree to a CFO with an accounting degree. Finally, we find that CFOs with CPA certification behave more ethically in all three types of earnings management. Our study enriches the management demographic factor influence literature, unveils the role of CFO in choices of earnings management, supports ethics requirements in business education, and provides implications to executive hiring as well to audit practices.
Characterization of ablation conditions with the grayscale representation for Nd:YAG laser to decolor the blue‐ink on marble stone surface: Decoloration dependency on the laser flux power, wavelength, and the water spraying
Authors: Kasai Toshio , Verma Suraj , Muthiah Balaganesh , Chang Hsiu‐Pu , Mori Junich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAiming at artwork restoration application, to decolor the blue‐ink stained marble stone surface was studied for finding out efficient ablation conditions with the use of Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser as the function of laser flux power, wavelength, and its water spray effect. The blue ink mostly consists of indigo dye which absorbs light in the visible region. The decoloration, or decolor efficiency, was evaluated by using the grayscale representation instead of the RGB method. Our experimental results show that the 532 and 355 nm wavelengths are more suitable for blue‐ink decoloration. No decoloration was observed at the 1,064 nm ablation, which is usually regarded as effective on black‐crust stained surfaces. The decolor effect of the water‐sprayed surface was found to be effective at the higher laser flux power. A photo‐absorption‐assisted laser ablation mechanism is proposed in addition to the plasma‐assisted laser ablation mechanism.
The use of radiomics and machine learning for the differentiation of chondrosarcoma from enchondroma
Authors: Erdem Fatih , Tamsel İpek , Demirpolat Gülen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPurposeTo construct and compare machine learning models for differentiating chondrosarcoma from enchondroma using radiomic features from T1 and fat suppressed Proton density (PD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsEighty‐eight patients (57 with enchondroma, 31 with chondrosarcoma) were retrospectively included. Histogram matching and N4ITK MRI bias correction filters were applied. An experienced musculoskeletal radiologist and a senior resident in radiology performed manual segmentation. Voxel sizes were resampled. Laplacian of Gaussian filter and wavelet‐based features were used. One thousand eight hundred eighty‐eight features were obtained for each patient, with 944 from T1 and 944 from PD images. Sixty‐four unstable features were removed. Seven machine learning models were used for classification.ResultsClassification with all features showed neural network was the best model for both readers' datasets with area under the curve (AUC), classification accuracy (CA), and F1 score of 0.979, 0.984; 0.920, 0.932; and 0.889, 0.903, respectively. Four features, including one common to both readers, were selected using fast correlation based filter. The best performing models with selected features were gradient boosting for Fatih Erdem's dataset and neural network for Gülen Demirpolat's dataset with AUC, CA, and F1 score of 0.990, 0.979; 0.943, 0.955; 0.921, 0.933, respectively. Neural Network was the second‐best model for FE's dataset based on AUC (0.984).ConclusionUsing pathology as a gold standard, this study defined and compared seven well‐performing models to distinguish enchondromas from chondrosarcomas and provided radiomic feature stability and reproducibility among the readers.
Characterization of the interaction between allicin and soy protein isolate and functional properties of the adducts
Authors: Li Yunliang , Jia Shifang , Zhang Yubin , Huang Liurong , He Ronghai , Ma Haile 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSoybean meal, a by‐product of the soybean oil production industry, has a high protein content but the compact globular structure of the protein from soybean meal limits its wide application in food processing. Allicin has been found to have numerous functional properties. In this study, allicin was interacted with soy protein isolate (SPI). The functional properties of the adducts were investigated.ResultsBinding with allicin significantly quenched the fluorescence intensity of SPI. Static quenching was the main quenching mechanism. The stability of adducts decreased with increasing temperature. The greatest extent of binding between allicin and sulfhydryl groups (SH) of SPI was obtained at an allicin/SH molar ratio of 1:2. The amino groups of SPI did not bind with allicin covalently. Soy protein isolate was modified by allicin through covalent and non‐covalent interactions. Compared with SPI, the emulsifying activity index and foaming capacity of adducts with a ratio of 3:1 were improved by 39.91% and 64.29%, respectively. Soy protein isolate‐allicin adducts also exhibited obvious antibacterial effects. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SPI‐allicin adducts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were 200 and 160 μg mL−1, respectively.ConclusionThe interaction of allicin with SPI is beneficial for the functional properties of SPI. These adducts can be used in different food formulations as emulsifiers, foamers, and transport carriers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Suitable stocking density of fish in paddy field contributes positively to 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline synthesis in grain and improves rice quality
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Mei‐juan , Zhang Jia‐en , Liu Zi‐qiang , Yang Kai , Li Hong‐ru , Luo Ming‐zhu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDFragrant rice is increasingly popular with the public owing to its fresh aroma, and 2‐acetyl‐1‐pyrroline (2‐AP) is the main characteristic component of the aroma in fragrant rice. Rice–fish co‐culture is an environmentally friendly practice in sustainable agriculture. However, the effect of rice–fish co‐culture on 2‐AP in grains has received little study. A conventional fragrant rice (Meixiangzhan 2) was used, and a related field experiment during three rice growing seasons was conducted to investigate the effects of rice–fish co‐culture on 2‐AP, as well as the rice quality, yield, plant nutrients, and precursors and enzyme activities of 2‐AP biosynthesis in leaves. This study involved three fish stocking density treatments (i.e. 9000 (D1), 15 000 (D2), and 21 000 (D3) fish fries per hectare) and rice monocropping.RESULTSRice–fish co‐culture increased the 2‐AP content in grains by 2.5–49.4% over that of the monocropping, with significant increases in the early and late rice seasons of 2020. Rice–fish co‐culture treatments significantly promoted seed‐setting rates by 3.39–7.65%, and improved leaf nutrients and rice quality. Notably, the D2 treatment significantly increased leaf total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total potassium (TK) contents and the head rice rate at maturity stage, while significantly decreased chalkiness degree. There was no significant difference in rice yield.CONCLUSIONRice–fish co‐culture had positive effects on 2‐AP synthesis, rice quality, seed‐setting rates, and plant nutrient contents. The better stocking density of field fish for rice–fish co‐culture in this study was 15 000 fish ha−1. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Preparation and Evaluation of Polyacrylate Microgels and Their Adjuvant Activities Using Ovalbumin as a Model Antigen
Authors: Li Chengyu , Bi Yutong , Zhou Mengmeng , Bai Lu , Chen Xiaoqi , Xiao Jijun , Zhang Fen , Zhou Haijun , Li Yantao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs vaccine adjuvants, polyacrylate materials can induce a specific immune response in the body and have been widely studied in recent years due to their advantages, such as their safety, effectiveness, and low required dosage. In this study, a series of polyacrylates with hydrophobic physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking were prepared using precipitation polymerization, and their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimal reaction conditions were determined according to the effect of reaction time, azodiisobutyronitrile, Span 60, allyl pentaerythritol, and octadecyl methacrylate (OMA) contents on the viscosity of the polyacrylate microgel, combined with the effects of allyl pentaerythritol and OMA contents on the subcutaneous immune safety of the polyacrylate microgel in BALB/c mice. The polyacrylate microgels with different OMA contents showed good biological safety. In addition, in vivo immunity experiments were carried out in mice to analyze the adjuvant properties of ovalbumin as a model antigen. Based on the titer results of the IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies, with 1 wt % OMA content, the polyacrylate microgel vaccine could optimally induce the body to produce an immune response type dominated by Th2‐type humoral immune response and supplemented by Th1‐type cellular immune response.
Optimising urinary catecholamine metabolite diagnostics for neuroblastoma
Authors: Matser Yvette A. H. , Verly Iedan R. N. , van der Ham Maria , de Sain‐van der Velden Monique G. M. , Verhoeven‐Duif Nanda M. , Ash Shifra , Cangemi Giuliana , Barco Sebastiano , Popovic Maja Beck , van Kuilenburg André B. P. , Tytgat Godelieve A. M. ,   SIOPEN Catecholamine Working Group
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe analysis of urinary catecholamine metabolites is a cornerstone of neuroblastoma diagnostics. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the sampling method, and variable combinations of catecholamine metabolites are being used. We investigated if spot urine samples can be reliably used for analysis of a panel of catecholamine metabolites for the diagnosis of neuroblastoma.MethodsTwenty‐four‐hour urine or spot urine samples were collected from patients with and without neuroblastoma at diagnosis. Homovanillic acid (HVA), vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), dopamine, 3‐methoxytyramine, norepinephrine, normetanephrine, epinephrine and metanephrine were measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC‐FD) and/or ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS).ResultsCatecholamine metabolite levels were measured in urine samples of 400 neuroblastoma patients (24‐hour urine, n = 234; spot urine, n = 166) and 571 controls (all spot urine). Excretion levels of catecholamine metabolites and the diagnostic sensitivity for each metabolite were similar in 24‐hour urine and spot urine samples (p > .08 and >.27 for all metabolites). The area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve (AUC) of the panel containing all eight catecholamine metabolites was significantly higher compared to that of only HVA and VMA (AUC = 0.952 vs. 0.920, p = .02). No differences were observed in metabolite levels between the two analysis methods.ConclusionCatecholamine metabolites in spot urine and 24‐hour urine resulted in similar diagnostic sensitivities. The Catecholamine Working Group recommends the implementation of spot urine as standard of care. The panel of eight catecholamine metabolites has superior diagnostic accuracy over VMA and HVA.
Prolonged diabetic ketoacidosis due to SGLT2 inhibitor use and low‐carbohydrate diet
Authors: Mung Sai Man , Fonseca Ines , Azmi Shazli , Balmuri Laxmi Manohar Rao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA 59‐year‐old gentleman was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). His medication history included a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor for the past six years. Relevant history includes undertaking a low‐carbohydrate diet for four months.In hospital he required a fixed rate insulin infusion for 25 hours and variable rate insulin infusion for a total of 32 hours to manage his ketonaemia. He received concomitant dextrose infusion and oral nutritional supplements throughout the course of his admission to replenish the likely depleted glycogen stores in his liver as a result of his diet.The case highlights the importance of identifying DKA early and treating the underlying cause. It also highlights the potential increasing prevalence of ketoacidosis which may occur as more patients are prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors and adhere to carbohydrate‐restricted diets. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons.
Diabetes Professional Care conference 2022: key updates
Authors: Ogden Joy 
Published: April 2023

Health care professionals working in diabetes flocked to the Diabetes Professional Care conference, held over two days in London's Olympia venue, in November 2022.The programme covered a wide range of topics, reflecting the latest best practice and knowledge in diabetes care, providing an opportunity to access high‐quality and practical information to share with their colleagues. Joy Ogden reports on some of the highlights of the conference.
The future of optical measurement technology
Authors: Castelo‐Porta Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOptical metrology is one of the key technologies in today's manufacturing industry. It can be generally defined as the science of measuring with light, and it is widely used to evaluate the physical properties of products (or some of their parts or components) and to monitor large infrastructures and facilities. In this article we will review some of the current technologies for optical measurement in different manufacturing industries, the new developments and the trends related to the continuous demand for high‐ precision and high‐efficiency solutions.