bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A linear wake expansion function for the double‐Gaussian analytical wake model
Authors: Soesanto Qidun Maulana Binu , Yoshinaga Tsukasa , Iida Akiyoshi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe double‐Gaussian (DG) approach for analytical wake modeling leads to a better understanding of the wake transition mechanism within a full‐wake region behind a non‐yawed horizontal‐axis wind turbine (HAWT). To date, a key parameter of the wake expansion in the DG model still has yet to be defined explicitly instead of tuning, thus limiting its usability for practical applications. The present work aims to overcome this limitation by proposing a simple linear wake expansion function for the DG model constructed from the existing parameters based on the conservation of mass and momentum. Considering the physical and statistical approaches, the proposed function is specifically intended to approximate the wake expansion downstream of a non‐yawed HAWT under turbulence inflow. Seven case studies from wind tunnel measurements and large eddy simulations under different inflow conditions were used to examine the effectiveness of the proposed function. In general, the evaluation results in the present study show the effectiveness of the proposed expansion function for the DG wake model to predict the wake expansion and its recovery behind a non‐yawed HAWT without a prior adjustment or tuning of the wake expansion parameter.
Large‐scale modelling of highly braided and laterally confined reach of a sand‐bed river
Authors: Han Kai , Sun Jian , Lin Binliang , Huang Zhe , Shi Xi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMorphological processes in sand‐bed braided rivers are highly complicated and dynamic, and it is challenging to fully comprehend and predict them quantitatively or even qualitatively. In this paper, we report the application of a physics‐based model with a single sediment fraction (D50 = 0.23 mm), based on field data, to simulate the morphodynamic processes of a large‐scale braided system in a wide valley of the middle Yarlung Tsangpo River in China. The model is capable of reproducing the evolution of large braided patterns at both microscopic and macroscopic scales, and simulating the formation of a high‐intensity braided reach from an initial lateral flat bed under lateral valley confinement. A narrow strip zone of braided corridor presents long‐term concentrated anabranches in the wide valley reach. Moreover, sensitivity analyses suggest that physics‐based modelling can simulate the multi‐thread river pattern even with relatively coarse grids and a large morphological acceleration factor. The model results show that active riverbed movement occurs and additional chutes are encouraged during flooding, while rising water level makes subchannels merge so that the statistical braiding index decreases. Conversely, only about 40% of the total channels are active in transporting sediment at low‐discharge stages, resulting in a local and slow bed scouring. The planimetric confinement of width variations and valley curvatures acts as a primary control on the local braided corridor and the forced bar assemblages. Width variations restrict the section‐average stream power for a given discharge event, while valley curvatures regulate velocity distribution through several control points. Moreover, the activities of riparian vegetation and sandstorm can interfere with the ability of rivers to braid in the corridor area, which requires much more attention in the follow‐up research.
Chemical composition and biological activities of Jamaican Cannabis sativa essential oils as the plant matures
Authors: Clarke Kellyann , Porter Roy , Facey Petrea , Thoms‐Rodriguez Camille 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCannabis sativa is a flowering plant belonging to the Cannabinaceae family. There have been numerous ongoing studies globally on C. sativa which include investigating the yield and quality of essential oils. However, this study is the first to assess the chemical composition and biological activities of Jamaican C. sativa essential oils (EOs) extracted via hydrodistillation as the plants mature from week 8 through to week 12. EOs from fresh landrace female plants were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC‐FID). Cannabis sativa essential oils were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity using the disc diffusion method and further with tube dilution method. The antioxidant properties were investigated using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. In total, 36 constituents were identified in the C. sativa EOs by comparison of the Kováts retention indices (RI), the mass spectra data with those in the Natural Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library and by co‐elution with authentic samples where available. The major constituents were β‐caryophyllene (25.34%) and α‐humulene (α‐caryophyllene) (10.94%) both at the highest levels in week nine and were the most abundant constituents present at all stages of maturity. All extracted C. sativa essential oils did not exhibit antioxidant properties. However, the C. sativa essential oils exhibit significant to moderate antimicrobial property against the test gram‐positive microorganisms, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus Group A and Streptococcus Group B with MIC values ranging from 16 to 125 μg/mL.
AI‐assisted scenario generation for strategic planning
Authors: Spaniol Matthew J. , Rowland Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis “reflections from practice” piece explores some of the implications of emerging, artificially intelligent tools for the futures and foresight prac‐ademic community. The authors provide background on these emerging, artificially intelligent tools, and explore, with special emphasis on scenarios, a specific tool named “Chat Generative Pre‐trained Transformer” (hereafter, ChatGPT). The authors examine the utility of scenarios generated by artificial intelligence (AI) and explore whether or not the futures and foresight prac‐ademic community should selectively embrace advances in AI to assist in the generation of scenarios. In particular, the authors will consider (1) the utility of using scenarios generated completely by AI, (2) whether what is produced, in fact, constitute scenarios, based on conventional definitions, and (3) assess the utility of using AI to assist in the production of scenarios. At this point in time, artificially intelligent tools can now generate numerous scenarios on seemingly any topic at essentially zero cost to the user. Still, the authors insist that the utility of those scenarios is largely predicated on the user's ability to coax the appropriate “raw material” from the artificially intelligent bot, which implicates, the authors contend, that such bots can usefully provide base material for the development of scenarios but are unlikely to fully eclipse scenarists in the production of scenarios. Additionally, the authors recommend that the futures and foresight prac‐ademic community pay especially close attention to artificially intelligent tools for novel insights with regard to the differences in human cognition and, in this case, the logic of large language model outputs.
Plant protein nanogel–based patchy Janus particles with tunable anisotropy for perishable food preservation
Authors: Wang Zhigao , Chen Yao , Zhang Nan , Zhang Rui Xue , He Rong , Ju Xingrong , Mamadalieva Nilufar Z. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractJanus particles with anisotropic surfaces possess considerable potential for biological functionalization. However, little is known about the effect of surface anisotropy of Janus particles on the shelf life of perishable food. Herein, plant protein–based nanogels prepared by acylated rapeseed protein isolate (ARPI) are exploited as novel building blocks to decorate the surface of latex particles for Janus particle synthesis. The surface anisotropy of patchy latex particles can be facilely tailored via the suspension polymerization of the Pickering emulsion using ARPI nanogels as stabilizers. The surface distribution of ARPI nanogel on latex particles can be controlled by varying the aqueous phase conditions, and thus, the tunable hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (viz., Janus balance) varied from 0.78 to 1.76 for resulting patchy latex particles. Patchy latex particles with varied Janus balance were further investigated for the effects of their anti‐perishable coatings on perishable fruit preservation. The anisotropic patchy latex particles can act as a novel type of antibacterial agent to inhibit Ascomycota microorganisms’ growth on the surface of fruits and reduce the dehydration and respiration of fruits, all of which devote to a lengthened shelf life while being safe. Furthermore, it is found that the patchy latex particle with a spatial pattern of a hydrophobic area on its surface occupying 51.3% (Janus balance = 0.95) extends the shelf life of perishable food more effectively than that of other spatial arrangements. Overall, the exploration of anisotropic Janus particles offers an alternative strategy to preserve perishable food without using antimicrobial agents.
Gene–environment interaction analysis via deep learning
Authors: Wu Shuni , Xu Yaqing , Zhang Qingzhao , Ma Shuangge 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGene–environment (G–E) interaction analysis plays an important role in studying complex diseases. Extensive methodological research has been conducted on G–E interaction analysis, and the existing methods are mostly based on regression techniques. In many fields including biomedicine and omics, it has been increasingly recognized that deep learning may outperform regression with its unique flexibility (e.g., in accommodating unspecified nonlinear effects) and superior prediction performance. However, there has been a lack of development in deep learning for G–E interaction analysis. In this article, we fill this important knowledge gap and develop a new analysis approach based on deep neural network in conjunction with penalization. The proposed approach can simultaneously conduct model estimation and selection (of important main G effects and G–E interactions), while uniquely respecting the “main effects, interactions” variable selection hierarchy. Simulation shows that it has superior prediction and feature selection performance. The analysis of data on lung adenocarcinoma and skin cutaneous melanoma overall survival further establishes its practical utility. Overall, this study can advance G–E interaction analysis by delivering a powerful new analysis approach based on modern deep learning.
MR‐BOIL: Causal inference in one‐sample Mendelian randomization for binary outcome with integrated likelihood method
Authors: Shi Dapeng , Wang Yuquan , Zhang Ziyong , Cao Yunlong , Hu Yue‐Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMendelian randomization is a statistical method for inferring the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes using an economics‐derived instrumental variable approach. The research results are relatively complete when both exposures and outcomes are continuous variables. However, due to the noncollapsing nature of the logistic model, the existing methods inherited from the linear model for exploring binary outcome cannot take the effect of confounding factors into account, which leads to biased estimate of the causal effect. In this article, we propose an integrated likelihood method MR‐BOIL to investigate causal relationships for binary outcomes by treating confounders as latent variables in one‐sample Mendelian randomization. Under the assumption of a joint normal distribution of the confounders, we use expectation maximization algorithm to estimate the causal effect. Extensive simulations demonstrate that the estimator of MR‐BOIL is asymptotically unbiased and that our method improves statistical power without inflating type I error rate. We then apply this method to analyze the data from Atherosclerosis Risk in Communications Study. The results show that MR‐BOIL can better identify plausible causal relationships with high reliability, compared with the unreliable results of existing methods. MR‐BOIL is implemented in R and the corresponding R code is provided for free download.
Group citizenship behaviour in healthcare organization, doctor‐patient relationship, work engagement and turnover intention: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Zeng Weilong , Ma Shaozhuang , Wu Linghong , Wang Canghong , Huang Yujie , Li Bing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe effective functioning of health care organisations depends on the inter‐professional collaboration among healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds, representing different work units, to provide quality services. This study aims to understand how group citizenship behaviour (GCB) that supports other work groups may moderate the relationship between doctor‐patient relationship (DPR), Work Engagement (WE) and Turnover Intention (TI). The data for this study were collected through two waves of questionnaire survey at a tertiary public hospital in China. The hypothesised model was tested by Hayes' PROCESS macro. There were significant differences of perceived GCB across different professional units with work units practicing a multidisciplinary working approach and working in the high‐stake working environment reported higher levels of GCB. The results show that WE mediates the relationships between DPR and TI and GCB accentuates the positive relationship between DPR and WE. Specifically, the path between DPR and WE was stronger for individuals with high perceived GCB than those with low perceived GCB. The study contributes to the development of Job Demands‐Resources model with integrating GCB into the model and enriching the challenge job demand conceptualisation by focussing on DPR in Chinese health care setting. In practice, the hospital administrators should encourage GCB to improve organizational effectiveness and doctors' attitudes.
Comparative analysis of cranial morphology in Middle‐American heroine cichlids (Actinopterygii: Cichliformes)
Authors: Olvera‐Ríos Yuriria Noemy , González‐Díaz Alfonso A. , Soria‐Barreto Miriam , Castillo‐Uscanga María Mercedes , Cazzanelli Matteo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeroine cichlids are characterized by high morphological diversity, mainly in structures related to the capture and processing of food. The existence of ecomorphological groups has been proposed based on feeding behavior, where it is common for some phylogenetically unrelated species to show evolutionary convergence. Using geometric morphometrics and comparative phylogenetic methods, the variation in cranial morphology was evaluated for 17 species of heroine cichlids representing 5 ecomorphs. Cranial ecomorphs were recovered and significant differences were determined. Morphological variation of the ecomorphs was mainly explained by two axes: (1) the position of the mouth determined by the shape of the bones of the oral jaw and (2) the height of the head, defined by the size and position of the supraoccipital crest and the distance to the interopercle–subopercle junction. Cranial variation among species was related to phylogeny. To better understand the evolution of cranial morphology, it is necessary to evaluate the morphofunctional relationship of other anatomical structures related to feeding, as well as to increase the number of study species in each ecomorph by including other lineages.
Response of diatom assemblages to orbital‐ and millennial‐scale climatic variability since the penultimate glacial maximum in the northern limit of the Neotropics
Authors: Avendaño Diana , Caballero Margarita , Ortega‐Guerrero Beatriz , Lozano‐García Socorro 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTLake Chalco, in Central Mexico, has a long diatom record which provides an excellent opportunity to document the biotic and hydrological responses of this ecosystem to orbital‐ and millennial‐scale climatic variability during the last 150 ka. Detrended correspondence analysis was used to evaluate the ecological turnover and to identify diatom species associations throughout the sequence. Millennial‐scale climatic fluctuations were identified as peaks in freshwater (mostly small Fragilariaceae spp.) or as peaks in salt‐tolerant species. At orbital scales, species turnover involved changes between freshwater assemblages dominated by Stephanodiscus spp. – small Fragilariaceae spp. – Cocconeis placentula, present during low‐evaporation, cool intervals [late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)6, MIS5d, MIS2] against salt‐tolerant taxa, dominated by Stephanocyclus and Cyclotella spp., in higher evaporation, higher salinity conditions (MIS5e, MIS5c–a, MIS4, MIS3, early MIS1). Comparatively, MIS6 and MIS5d seem to have been cooler (~ −6 to −7 °C) and wetter than MIS2 (~ − 4 to −5 °C). In contrast, MIS5e and early MIS1 (11.5–6 ka) had similar warmer, low lake level, saline conditions. In addition, MIS5 was a period of intense climatic change associated with wide‐amplitude orbital forcing that favored a Stephanocyclus–Cyclotella spp. ecological succession (S. meneghinianus, C. tlalocii, C. poyeka, S. quillensis). In contrast, smaller temperature changes were inferred during MIS4 and MIS3.
Palaeogeographic reconstruction of the Late Weichselian ice sheet in north‐central Poland based on relief analysis
Authors: Teodorski Artur 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTNorth‐central Poland was originally shaped by the Płock lobe of the ice sheet formed during the Weichselian Glaciation. The majority of the studied area comprises the Dobrzyń Lakeland, where numerous terminal moraine hills preserve a record of recession of the ice sheet from the maximum extent of the last glaciation (LGM). Analysis of a digital elevation model enabled the determination of a network of morpholineaments, referring to the formation of linear glacial forms. Recession of the ice sheet from the LGM extent in north‐central Poland was uneven and proceeded in stages. Ice‐sheet recession stages were interspersed with local or regional ice‐sheet advance stages. During these individual periods of ice‐sheet behaviour, ice‐sheet movement changed direction from WNW–ESE to NNW–SSE. Transgression of the ice sheet into the central part of the study area as well as the Kujawy–Dobrzyń subphase may be related to cooling of the climate during 18.5–17.7 ka before ad 2000.
Characterisation of 3000 ppm Cr2O3 doped UO2 and its precipitates
Authors: Devillaire Aubin , Desgranges Lionel , Tarisien Nicolas , Iltis Xavière , Riglet‐Martial Chantal , Roure Ingrid , Bienvenu Philippe , Canizares Aurelien 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe thermochemical state of UO2‐based nuclear fuel is a key parameter for which experimental data are difficult to obtain. A new experimental procedure using in situ oxido‐reduction indicators was applied to irradiated fuel, and we aim to use it with chromium‐doped unirradiated UO2. Nevertheless, we had first to characterise the chemical state of the chromium precipitates in our sample before. Here, we present the method we used for statistical characterisation of these precipitates using several methods, amongst which Raman spectroscopy plays a major role. Moreover, the Raman spectra of the precipitates were interpreted as evidence of a uranium stabilised Cr3O4 phase.
Control of chaos and bifurcation by nonfeedback methods in an autocatalytic chemical system
Authors: Kannan Karuppasamy Suddalai , Ansari Mohamed Ali Thameem , Amutha Kasinathan , Chinnathambi Veerapadran , Rajasekar Shunmuganathan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNonfeedback methods of chaos and bifurcation control are suited for practical applications because of their speed, flexibility, no online monitoring, and processing requirements. In this paper, we analyze the control performance of various nonfeedback methods such as (i) adding a weak periodic force, (ii) adding a second periodic force, and (iii) adding a quasiperiodic force. We apply these methods to control chaos and bifurcation in an autocatalytic chemical system. By choosing the amplitudes of the external excitation as control parameters, we investigate what effect the amplitudes have on the dynamics of the chemical system with suitable system's parameters value. Controlling of chaotic and bifurcation behaviors has been investigated through the bifurcation diagram, phase portrait, and time series.
A journey to understand SFRT
Authors: Chang Sha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article tells the story of a medical physicist's journey to understand SFRT which started by accident more than 15 years ago. For decades, clinical application and preclinical research have shown that spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) can achieve a magically high therapeutic index. However, only recently, SFRT received well‐deserved attention from mainstream radiation oncology. Today, our understanding of SFRT remains limited, which significantly hinders the advancement of SFRT for patient care. In this article, the author intends to shed some light on several important but unanswered SFRT research questions, including what is the essence of SFRT, which dosimetric parameters have clinical relevance and which do not, how does SFRT spare normal tissue but not tumor, and why radiobiological models developed for conventional radiation therapy may not be suitable for SFRT.
Spasticity evaluation and management tools
Authors: Howard Ileana M. , Patel Atul T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpasticity is a complex and often disabling symptom for patients with upper motor neuron syndromes. Although spasticity arises from neurological disease, it often cascades into muscle and soft tissue changes, which may exacerbate symptoms and further hamper function. Effective management therefore hinges on early recognition and treatment. To this end, the definition of spasticity has expanded over time to more accurately reflect the spectrum of symptoms experienced by persons with this disorder.Once identified, clinical and research quantitative assessments of spasticity are hindered by the uniqueness of presentations both for individuals and for specific neurological diagnoses. Objective measures in isolation often fail to reflect the complex functional impact of spasticity. Multiple tools exist to quantitatively or qualitatively assess the severity of spasticity, including clinician and patient‐reported measures as well as electrodiagnostic, mechanical, and ultrasound measures. A combination of objective and patient‐reported outcomes is likely required to better reflect the burden of spasticity symptoms in an individual.Therapeutic options exist for the treatment of spasticity along a broad spectrum from nonpharmacologic to interventional procedures. Treatment strategies may include exercise, physical agent modalities, oral medications, injections, pumps, and surgery. Optimal spasticity management most often requires a multimodal approach, combining pharmacological management with interventions that match the functional needs, goals, and preferences of the patient. Physicians and other healthcare providers who manage spasticity must be familiarized with the full array of spasticity interventions and must frequently reassess results of treatment to ensure the patient's goals of treatment are met.