bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gravitational deflection of light in polar-axis plane of a moving Kerr-Newman black hole
Authors: Wang Xuan , Lin Wenbin , Yang Bo , He Guansheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The gravitational deflection of light signals restricted in the polar-axis plane of a moving Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole with a constant velocity along the polar axis is studied within the second post-Minkowskian (PM) approximation. For this purpose, the Lorentz boosting technique is adopted to obtain the exact metric of a moving KN black hole with an arbitrary constant velocity in Kerr-Schild coordinates for the first time. Based on the weak field limit of the exact metric, we then derive the equations of motion of test particles constrained in the polar-axis plane of a moving KN source whose velocity is along the polar axis and collinear with its angular momentum. An iterative technique is utilized subsequently in the calculations of the null deflection angle up to the 2PM order caused by the moving lens, and this deflection angle is found to be spin-independent. Finally, we discuss the influence of the motion of the lens on the gravitational deflection and estimate the possibility to detect this kinematical effect. Our work might be helpful for future astronomical observations.
Axionic excitation and vorticity in a QCD string model with anomaly inflow
Authors: Xiong Chi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A new phenomenological model (axionic QCD string) is constructed to study the topological issues of the QCD vacuum and hadron structure. It provides an alternative way of tackling the Strong CP problem, which is different from the traditional Peccei-Quinn approach. Neither new particle nor extra symmetry is introduced, and the role of Peccei-Quinn axion is played by a quasiparticle arising from the phase of the quark condensate, dubbed as axionic excitation. The derivative of this excitation field is decomposed into a regular part and a singular part, and the latter contains vorticity from the string configuration. A hidden gauge symmetry is revealed in this decomposition and vorticity is represented by an emergent gauge field associated with anomalies. These components, together with the anomaly-inflow mechanism, complete the effective Lagrangian description for the axionic QCD string.
The boundary effect of QGP droplets and the self-similarity effect of hadrons on QGP-hadron phase transition
Authors: Dai Tingting , Ding Huiqiang , Cheng Luan , Zhang Wei-Ning , Wang En-Ke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the boundary effect of QGP droplets and the self-similarity effect of hadrons on QGP-hadron phase transition. In intermediate or low energy collisions, when the transverse momentum is below QCD scale, QGP cannot be produced. However, if the transverse momentum fluctuates to a relatively large value, a small scale QGP droplet is produced. The modified MIT bag model with multiple reflection expansion method is employed to study the QGP droplet with the curved boundary effect. It is found that the energy density, entropy density and pressure of QGP with the influence are smaller than those without the influence. In hadron phase, we propose Two-Body Fractal Model (TBFM) to study the self-similarity structure, arising from the resonance, quantum correlation and interaction effects. It is observed that the energy density, entropy density and pressure increase due to the self-similarity structure. We calculate the transverse momentum spectra of pions with the self-similarity structure influence, showing a good agreement with the experimental data. Considering both boundary effect and self-similarity structure influence, our model predicts an increase in the transition temperature compared to the scenarios without these two effects in HIAF energy region 2.2∽4.5 GeV.
RSVP keyboard with inquiry preview: mixed performance and user experience with an adaptive, multimodal typing interface combining EEG and switch input
Authors: Peters Betts , Celik Basak , Gaines Dylan , Galvin-McLaughlin Deirdre , Imbiriba Tales , Kinsella Michelle , Klee Daniel , Lawhead Matthew , Memmott Tab , Smedemark-Margulies Niklas , Wiedrick Jack , Erdogmus Deniz , Oken Barry , Vertanen Keith , Fried-Oken Melanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. The RSVP Keyboard is a non-implantable, event-related potential-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system designed to support communication access for people with severe speech and physical impairments. Here we introduce inquiry preview (IP), a new RSVP Keyboard interface incorporating switch input for users with some voluntary motor function, and describe its effects on typing performance and other outcomes. Approach. Four individuals with disabilities participated in the collaborative design of possible switch input applications for the RSVP Keyboard, leading to the development of IP and a method of fusing switch input with language model and electroencephalography (EEG) evidence for typing. Twenty-four participants without disabilities and one potential end user with incomplete locked-in syndrome took part in two experiments investigating the effects of IP and two modes of switch input on typing accuracy and speed during a copy-spelling task. Main results. For participants without disabilities, IP and switch input tended to worsen typing performance compared to the standard RSVP Keyboard condition, with more consistent effects across participants for speed than for accuracy. However, there was considerable variability, with some participants demonstrating improved typing performance and better user experience (UX) with IP and switch input. Typing performance for the potential end user was comparable to that of participants without disabilities. He typed most quickly and accurately with IP and switch input and gave favorable UX ratings to those conditions, but preferred standard RSVP Keyboard. Significance. IP is a novel multimodal interface for the RSVP Keyboard BCI, incorporating switch input as an additional control signal. Typing performance and UX and preference varied widely across participants, reinforcing the need for flexible, customizable BCI systems that can adapt to individual users. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04468919.
Impact of Acrylamide on Crawling Activity of Three Drosophila Strains: Larval Speed and Contraction Number
Authors: Kharomah S , Ramadhan M J , Zahrah N A , Kharomah S , Agustin M , Mirandah D , Fauzi A , Zubaidah S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Acrylamide is a chemical compound that can be formed in some foods cooked at high temperatures. This chemical substance has the potential to cause various health problems, although some publications report findings to the contrary. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of acrylamide consumption and strain type on crawling performance in Drosophila melanogaster larvae: crawling speed and number of beats. This experimental study divided Drosophila into groups without consumption, consumption of 24 mg/kg bw/day and consumption of 48 mg/kg bw/day. In the crawling speed parameter, only the strain factor had a significant effect (F = 24.580, p < 0.001), while acrylamide consumption (F = 0.706, p = 0.519) and interaction factors did not have a significant effect (F = 0.782, p = 0.565). Strain also had a significant effect on the number of twitches (F = 4.555, p = 0.043), while acrylamide administration (F = 0.731, p = 0.508) and the interaction of the two factors (F = 0.426, p = 0.787) did not have a significant effect. The results of this study indicate that acrylamide does not have a significant effect on the crawling performance and number of beats of D. melanogaster larvae, although differences between strains have a significant impact. These findings have implications for assessing the risk of toxicity to human health. Genetic variation between individuals has the potential to influence individual sensitivity to acrylamide exposure.
Adaptable Biophilic Design for Informal Learning Spaces: Cultivating Comfort and Inspiration for Marginalized Communities
Authors: Azizah M I , Putrie Y E , Samudro H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the application of biophilic design principles to informal learning spaces in Indonesia, with a focus on marginalized communities. While biophilic design has been extensively studied in formal educational settings, its potential in informal learning environments remains largely unexplored. This research addresses this gap by synthesizing biophilic design patterns, diverse learning styles, and contextual considerations of adaptability, affordability, and simplicity. Through a comprehensive literature review, analysis of existing informal learning spaces in Indonesia, and consideration of various learning modalities, we developed six key design criteria: (1) adaptable, simple spatial layouts; (2) natural sensory-stimulating elements; (3) affordable and low-maintenance nature elements; (4) cost-effective materials with calming natural colours and textures; (5) seamless indoor-outdoor connections; and (6) adjustable natural and artificial lighting and airflow. These criteria form a framework for creating nature-inspired, learner-centred environments that support diverse educational needs while respecting economic constraints. Our findings suggest that integrating biophilic design in informal learning spaces can enhance educational experiences for marginalized communities in Indonesia. This study contributes to the growing body of research on biophilic design in educational settings and provides practical guidelines for implementation in resource-limited contexts. Future research directions include broader exploration of non-formal learning environments, mixed-methods approaches for comprehensive evaluation, and investigation of long-term impacts on learning outcomes and well-being.
Energy Efficiency Improvement Strategies for High-Rise Apartment in Bintaro Using the EDGE Assessment Tool
Authors: Mannan K A , Safitri R 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The implementation of green building concepts is becoming increasingly important in light of the growing awareness of the environmental impacts of the construction sector. This research focuses on the importance of implementing green building concepts, especially in apartment structures. EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) is an assessment tool used to determine whether a building can be classified as a green building. Based on prior studies, the apartment buildings in Bintaro, which serve as the case study, have not met the minimum required energy savings standard of 20% stipulated by EDGE. This study aims to identify strategies for applying green building concepts that would enable these apartments to achieve energy efficiency standards. This research employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing simulations with the EDGE application to evaluate and optimize energy performance strategies for achieving green building standards in existing apartment structures. The results of this research demonstrate various feasible strategies that can be implemented to enhance energy efficiency, particularly for existing apartment buildings. By optimizing artificial lighting with sensors, implementing energy-saving technologies, and using smart meters for energy monitoring, the apartment buildings in Bintaro can achieve the minimum energy efficiency standard of 20.14% required for EDGE certification as a green building.
Application of CuO/α-Fe2O3 Composite from Magnetic Filter Ceramic Waste as Photocatalyst for Handling Methylene Blue
Authors: Humaira A F , Hadisantoso E P , Wahyudi K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ceramic waste is considered non-recyclable waste, but it lacks regulations for processing waste from the ceramic industry. Industrial ceramic waste can be reused as a photocatalyst material because it contains metal oxides, including abundant iron oxide. However, the disadvantage of iron oxide as a photocatalyst is the high level of charge recombination. Compositing is one of the ways to increase the photocatalytic activity of iron oxide. The composite chosen in this research is the CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite. CuO works to reduce charge recombination of α-Fe2O3 by increasing charge separation. The purpose of this synthesis is for analyzing photocatalyst activity of CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite to degrading methylene blue. In this research, α-Fe2O3 and CuO were synthesized with the coprecipitation method and compotizing with solid-state method. CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite was characterized with XRD and UV-DRS. XRD characterization shows that both iron oxide and copper oxide phases on the composite. CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite phase having crystal size between 220 – 280 nm. At UV-DRS characterization, band gap energy of CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite obtained from Kubelka Munk equation is between 1,38 – 1,49 eV. The best condition was found on CuO/α-Fe2O3 1:1 composite with an optimum mass of 9 g/L methylene blue at 180 minute of exposure and at a pH of 11.
Unfolding potential and challenges in molecular field-coupled nanocomputing
Authors: Listo Roberto , Mo Fabrizio , Ravera Federico , Ardesi Yuri , Vacca Marco , Piccinini Gianluca , Krzywiecki Maciej , Vezzoli Andrea , Graziano Mariagrazia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Molecular Field-Coupled Nanocomputing (MolFCN) represents a revolutionary approach to computational technology, exploiting single molecules for encoding and processing logical information. MolFCN permits zero-current logical operations to achieve ultra-low power and hyper-miniaturized computing units. This perspective article explores the current state and future potential of MolFCN, highlighting recent technological advancements, potential applications, and the significant challenges that lie ahead. Despite the challenges, the pathway to practical implementation holds significant promise, with obstacles such as scalability, stability, integration, and practical considerations offering opportunities for innovation and advancement. MolFCN can shape the future of nanocomputing and contribute to current major challenges in nanoelectronics by opening key research directions.
Lipid Nanoparticles in Medicine: Advances in Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Future Directions
Authors: Tran Vy Anh , Vo Thu Thao Thi , Thanh Nguyen Chi , Tran Trung Dung , Tran Thi Ngoc Anh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become a critical tool in modern medicine, particularly in diagnostics and therapy. Various synthesis techniques, including ultrasonication, high-pressure homogenization, solvent evaporation, and microemulsion, have been employed to produce nanoparticles with desired properties. Modification techniques such as surface functionalization, polymer coating, PEGylation, and ligand conjugation further enhance their efficacy and biocompatibility. This study highlights the recent advances in the application of LNPs for improving diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes. In diagnostics, LNPs enhance visualization, bioimaging, and analytical methods, especially through genomic, proteomic, and immunoassay-based techniques, as well as plasmonic biosensors. In therapy, LNPs are utilized in innovative treatments such as plasmonic photothermal and photodynamic therapies, antibacterial applications, and drug delivery systems. These nanoparticles serve as effective carriers for drugs, genes, and antibodies, improving targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy. Despite their promising potential, challenges related to safety, scalability, and long-term impacts remain, and this research outlines future perspectives on overcoming these barriers to further integrate LNPs into clinical applications.
Exploring perceived impacts of shifting Mopane woodland on medicinal plants in Vhembe, South Africa
Authors: Mufungizi Andisa A , Musakwa Walter , Chanza Nelson 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction. Shifting ecosystems, driven by climate change and human activities, are affecting various ecosystems around the globe. This is a phenomenon which unfolds spatially and temporally. Shifting ecosystems have significant consequences for communities that rely on ecosystem services. This is particularly true in rural areas where people depend on indigenous medicinal plants. Objective. This study investigates the impacts of shifting Mopane woodlands on medicinal plants used by local communities in Ward 12 of the Musina local municipality, Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa, focusing on the availability and effectiveness of these plants. Methods. A mixed study approach was used combining semi-structured interviews with a qualitative focus group discussion (FGD). These methods aimed to assess perceived changes in the availability and effectiveness of medicinal plants due to ecosystem shifts in Ward 12 of Musina local municipality in the Vhembe district of the Limpopo province. Results. The study identified 64 medicinal plants, of which 25 species are becoming extinct and rare, while some species are perceived to be less effective for treating ailments and other problems owing to diminishing quality of leaves (31 species) and roots (18 species). Implications. We recommend that community tree planting projects should integrate the growing of indigenous trees of medicinal value to minimise the threat on natural species and to perpetuate their use. The results provide actionable insights for local authorities, environmental policymakers, and health practitioners engaged in the conservation of natural resources and traditional medicine.
Nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption efficiency and mechanism of zeolite and biochar-based amendments in improving ecological substrate
Authors: Zhou Xinlong , Gui Lin , Xiao Henglin , Shi Yunfeng , Dou Jiaqi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Non-point source pollution severely affected water bodies of river through riparian buffers. Ecological substrate is an efficient approach to reducing non-point source pollution. This study proposes an ecological substrate amended by zeolite and biochar for riverbank protection. The surface morphological characteristics and elemental distribution of the substrates were analyzed. The adsorption capacities of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) under different substrate ratios were discussed. The results indicated that incorporating zeolite and biochar into the substrate significantly increases its specific surface area and pore volume, with BC-modified substrate (S-B) and composite-modified substrate (S-Z-B) showing a 273% and 45% enhancement, respectively, compared to the control group (S). The adsorption mechanisms for TN and TP on the amended substrates involve a synergistic effect of physical and chemical adsorption. Moreover, chemical interactions are the predominant controlling factors in the adsorption process of composite substrates. Comparably, the substrate amended by 6% zeolite and 1% biochar was identified as the optimal compositions for modified ecological revetment substrate.
Future yield growth in Africa mitigates agricultural greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Shah Saloni , Blaustein-Rejto Dan , Blomqvist Linus 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Increased use of nitrogen fertilizer and other agricultural inputs is important for raising crop yields and meeting growing food demand, but risks increasing greenhouse gas emissions. We project net greenhouse gas emissions from crop production in Africa in 2050 under different scenarios of yield growth. We find that increasing yields would reduce emissions-even if it requires greater use of nitrogen fertilizer, fuel, and pesticides-primarily due to avoided cropland expansion. If Africa more than doubled yields from 2025 levels to meet future food demand while avoiding cropland expansion, an estimated 2.0 gigatons of carbon-dioxide equivalent per year in emissions could be avoided, equivalent to nearly 81% of all Africa’s emissions from agriculture, forestry, and land use in 2021.
Optimizing electrical output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators by micro-/nano-morphology design and fabrication
Authors: Han Jiaxin , Dai Xingyi , Huang Long-Biao , Hao Jianhua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Fueled by the increasing imperative for sustainable energy solutions and the burgeoning emphasis on health awareness, self-powered techniques have undergone notable strides in advancement. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as a prominent device capitalizing on the principles of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction to generate electricity or electrical signals. In efforts to augment the electrical output performance of TENGs and broaden their range of applications, researchers have endeavored to refine materials, surface morphology, and structural design. Among them, physical morphological modifications play a pivotal role in enhancing the electrical properties of TENGs by increasing the contact surface area, which can be achieved by building micro-/nano-structures on the surface or inside the friction material. In this review, we summarize the common morphologies of TENGs, categorize the morphologies into surface and internal structures, and elucidate their roles in enhancing the electric output performance of devices. Moreover, we systematically classify the methodologies employed for morphological preparation into physical and chemical approaches, thereby furnishing a comprehensive survey of the diverse techniques. Subsequently, typical applications of TENGs with special morphology divided by energy harvesting and self-powered sensors are presented. Finally, an overview of the challenges and future trajectories pertinent to TENGs is conducted. Through this endeavor, the aim of this article is to catalyze the evolution of further strategies for enhancing performance of TENGs.
Air quality-related human health damages of wild capture seafood production in the United States
Authors: Gittlin Madisen L , Thakrar Sumil K , Faubion Madeline G , Hill Jason D 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is the greatest environmental health risk factor for mortality in the United States and globally, to which food production is a major contributor. Recent studies have estimated the human health impacts of air pollution from terrestrial livestock and crop production, but those of seafood production, which is an important component of many diets, are largely unknown. Here, we estimate the air quality-related human health damages of wild capture fisheries production in the United States via the emission and formation of particulate matter (PM2.5). We quantify annual deaths attributable to primary and secondary PM2.5 from commercial marine vessel emissions using county- and species-specific fishing activity and landings data. We find that, on average, wild caught seafood production is a low air quality-related health impact source of protein, with mortality health impacts 58× less than chicken, 321× less than pork, and 484× less than beef per gram of protein. The air quality-related health impacts of seafood vary widely by species and by fishing activity location. Notably, the highest impact seafood-based sources of protein production tend to be far less damaging than terrestrial animal-based sources of protein and are comparable to plant-based proteins, largely mirroring previously described broader trends for the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of these various protein sources. Our work suggests that as global protein demand rises, shifting diets towards increased seafood consumption to meet nutritional protein requirements may offer potentially large reductions in environmentally driven harm to human health relative to terrestrial animal-based proteins.