bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internet Health Resources on Nocturnal Enuresis: A Readability, Quality, and Accuracy Analysis
Authors: Fung Adrian C.H. , Lee Matthew H.L. , Leung Jessie L. , Chan Ivy H.Y. , Wong Kenneth K.Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Nocturnal enuresis is a common yet quality-of-life-limiting pediatric condition. There is an increasing trend for parents to obtain information on the disease's nature and treatment options via the internet. However, the quality of health-related information on the internet varies greatly and is largely uncontrolled and unregulated. With this study, a readability, quality, and accuracy evaluation of the health information regarding nocturnal enuresis is carried out.
Materials and Methods A questionnaire was administered to parents and patients with nocturnal enuresis to determine their use of the internet to research their condition. The most common search terms were determined, and the first 30 websites returned by the most popular search engines were used to assess the quality of information about nocturnal enuresis. Each site was categorized by type and assessed for readability using the Gunning fog score, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, and Dale–Chall score; for quality using the DISCERN score; and for accuracy by comparison to the International Children's Continence Society guidelines by three experienced pediatric urologists and nephrologists.
Results A total of 30 websites were assessed and classified into five categories: professional (n = 13), nonprofit (n = 8), commercial (n = 4), government (n = 3), and other (n = 2). The information was considered difficult for the public to comprehend, with mean Gunning fog, SMOG index, and Dale–Chall scores of 12.1 ± 4.3, 14.1 ± 4.3, and 8.1 ± 1.3, respectively. The mean summed DISCERN score was 41 ± 11.6 out of 75. Only seven (23%) websites were considered of good quality (DISCERN score > 50). The mean accuracy score of the websites was 3.2 ± 0.6 out of 5. Commercial websites were of the poorest quality and accuracy. Websites generally scored well in providing their aims and identifying treatment benefits and options, while they lacked references and information regarding treatment risks and mechanisms.
Conclusion Online information about nocturnal enuresis exists for parents; however, most websites are of suboptimal quality, readability, and accuracy. Pediatric surgeons should be aware of parents' health-information-seeking behavior and be proactive in guiding parents to identify high-quality resources.
Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy in Pediatric Patients with Achalasia up to 12 Years of Age: A Pilot Study in a Single-Center Experience in Japan
Authors: Samejima Yoshitomo , Yoshimura Shohei , Okata Yuichi , Sakaguchi Hiroya , Abe Hirofumi , Tanaka Shinwa , Kodama Yuzo , Bitoh Yuko 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a minimally invasive endoscopic procedure for achalasia; its indication has expanded from adults to children. We aimed to evaluate the postoperative efficacy and antireflex status of POEM in young children with achalasia aged 12 years or younger.
Patients
and Methods Pediatric patients with achalasia aged 18 years or younger who underwent POEM in our hospital between 2016 and 2021 were included and divided into two age groups: group A (≤ 12 years) and group B (13–18 years). The success rate (Eckardt score ≤ 3), endoscopic reflux findings, and antiacid use at 1 year postoperatively were compared between the groups.
Results Ten patients (four boys and six girls; Chicago classification type I: five, type II: four, and unclassified: one) were included. Mean age and preoperative Eckardt scores in groups A (n = 4) and B (n = 6) were 9.2 ± 3.0 versus 15.6 ± 0.6 years (p = 0.001) and 5.5 ± 3.9 versus 7.2 ± 3.7 (p = 0.509), respectively, and mean operative time and myotomy length were 51.3 ± 16.6 versus 52.5 ± 13.2 minutes (p = 0.898) and 10.8 ± 4.6 versus 9.8 ± 3.2 cm (p = 0.720), respectively. The 1-year success rate was 100% in both groups. Mild esophagitis (Los Angeles classification B) was endoscopically found in one patient in each group (16.7 vs. 25.0%, p = 0.714), and antiacid use was required in three patients (group A, two; group B, one; 50.0 vs. 16.7%, p = 0.500).
Conclusion The success rate of POEM within 1 year in young children with achalasia aged 12 years or younger was equal to that in adolescent patients. However, young children tended to require antiacids 1 year postoperatively; therefore, long-term follow-up is necessary.
Vascular Repair for Iatrogenic Injury during Microsurgical Procedures: Clinical Investigation and Review of 18 Cases at a Single Institution
Authors: Yokoya Shigeomi , Hino Akihiko , Oka Hideki 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background Intracranial vascular injury (VI) due to surgery is a critical complication that can lead to serious neurologic deficits. To our knowledge, only a few review articles on VI during an operation have been published so far. We retrospectively investigated the type, cause, and measurement of VI during surgery at our institution.
Methods Unexpected VI cases occurred in 18 of 2,228 craniotomy procedures, including 794 aneurysm clippings and 357 tumor resections. We investigated the causes and coping techniques of the VI cases, as well as their full details.
Results There were six cases of aneurysm neck tear, one case of sylvian vein injury, and one case of superior trunk perforation during direct clipping. Regarding tumor resection procedures, nine cases of arterial injury and one case of cortical vein injury were extracted. Almost all VIs were caused by carelessness or basic manipulation mistakes. We repaired all these cases with simple placement of suture threads with or without pinch clips, flow alteration using bypass techniques, and in 16 cases no neurologic deficit or deterioration on imaging occurred; however, 3 patients were verified to have ischemic changes on postoperative imaging.
Conclusions Most VIs were directly caused by a simple error and carelessness of an operator or an assistant. Many of these injuries can be avoided if a basic set of rules are followed and remembered during the surgical procedure. However, the surgical procedure involves human work, and errors cannot be eradicated even upon maximum concentration levels. Neurosurgeons should be prepared for an eventual quick repair of an unexpected cerebral VI.
Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines Catalyzed by 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)/tert-Butyl Nitrite (TBN)/O2
Authors: Cheng Dongping , Li Jing-Hua , Xu Xiaoliang , Xia Hongshuang , Gu Huafang , Wang Yawei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCatalyzed by 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)/tert-butyl nitrite (TBN)/O2, an efficient tandem oxidative reaction of uracils/thiouracil with 1,3-diarylpropenes is disclosed. It undergoes oxidative coupling, intramolecular cyclization, and dehydro-aromatization to provide multi-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines/thiopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines in moderate to excellent yields. It has the advantages of high atom economy, green terminal oxidant, and metal-free conditions.
What Is the Evidence for Endovascular Thrombectomy in Posterior Circulation Stroke?
Authors: Räty Silja , Nguyen Thanh N. , Nagel Simon , Puetz Volker , Alemseged Fana , Abdalkader Mohamad , Schonewille Wouter J. , Strbian Daniel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPosterior circulation infarcts comprise approximately 25% of ischemic strokes but are less often treated with recanalization therapy and have longer treatment delays compared with anterior circulation strokes. Among posterior circulation strokes, basilar artery occlusion is associated with the most severe deficits and the worst prognosis. Endovascular thrombectomy is a standard of care for patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion, but not until recently were the first randomized controlled trials on endovascular thrombectomy in basilar artery occlusion published. Two of the trials were neutral, whereas two others showed better functional outcome after thrombectomy up to 24 hours of symptom onset compared with best medical treatment, which in most cases had low rates of intravenous thrombolysis. According to observational data, thrombectomy seems to be safe also in isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusions and might be an option for selected patients, even if its outcome benefit is yet to be demonstrated.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of a High-grade Endometrial Cancer Cohort Treated at Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Brazil
Authors: Paulino Eduardo , Melo Andreia Cristina de 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective To analyze the outcomes of a cohort of patients with high-risk histologies of endometrial cancer (EC) treated at Instituto Nacional de Câncer (National Cancer Institute, INCA, in Portuguese), in Brazil.
Materials and Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with high-risk histologies of EC in any stage registered at INCA between 2010 and 2016 to perform a clinical and demographic descriptive analysis and to evaluate the outcomes in terms of recurrence and survival.
Results From 2010 to 2016, 2,145 EC patients were registered and treated at INCA, and 466 had high-grade histologies that met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 65 years, 44.6% were Caucasian, and 90% had a performance status of 0 or 1. The most common histology was high-grade endometrioid (31.1%), followed by serous carcinoma (25.3%), mixed (20.0%), carcinosarcoma (13.5%), and clear cell carcinoma (9.4%). Considering the 2018 Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, FIGO, in French) staging system, 44.8%, 12.4%, 29.8%, and 12.9% of the patient were in stages I, II, III or IV respectively. Age (> 60 years), more than 50% of myoinvasion, higher stage, poor performance status, serous and carcinosarcoma histologies, and adjuvant treatment were independent factors associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusion The current findings reinforced the international data showing poor outcomes of these tumors, especially for serous and carcinosarcomas and tumors with advanced stages, with shorter survival and high recurrence rates in distant sites, independently of the FIGO stage. Adjuvant therapy was associated with better survival.
Geographical Health District and Distance Traveled Influence on Clinical Status at Admission of Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Authors: Silva Valdete Aparecida Ribeiro da , Maestá Izildinha , Costa Roberto Antonio de Araújo , Campos Aline de Ávila , Braga Antonio , Horowitz Neil , Elias Kevin M. , Berkowitz Ross 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective To assess the potential relationship of clinical status upon admission and distance traveled from geographical health district in women with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
Methods This is a cross-sectional study including women with GTD from the 17 health districts from the São Paulo state (I–XVII), Brazil, referred to the Botucatu Trophoblastic Disease Center (specialized center, district VI), between 1990 and 2018. At admission, hydatidiform mole was assessed according to the risk score system of Berkowitz et al. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia was evaluated using the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics / World Health Organization (FIGO/WHO) staging/risk score. Data on demographics, clinical status and distance traveled were collected. Multiple regression analyses were performed.
Results This study included 366 women (335 hydatidiform mole, 31 gestational trophoblastic neoplasia). The clinical status at admission and distance traveled significantly differed between the specialized center district and other districts. Patients referred from health districts IX (β = 2.38 [0.87–3.88], p = 0.002) and XVI (β = 0.78 [0.02–1.55], p = 0.045) had higher hydatidiform mole scores than those from the specialized center district. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia patients from district XVI showed a 3.32 increase in FIGO risk scores compared with those from the specialized center area (β = 3.32, 95% CI = 0.78–5.87, p = 0.010). Distance traveled by patients from districts IX (200km) and XVI (203.5km) was significantly longer than that traveled by patients from the specialized center district (76km).
Conclusion Patients from health districts outside the specialized center area had higher risk scores for both hydatidiform mole and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia at admission. Long distances (>80 km) seemed to adversely influence gestational trophoblastic disease clinical status at admission, indicating barriers to accessing specialized centers.
Effect of Endometriosis on Cumulus ATP, Number of Mitochondria and Oocyte Maturity in Cumulus Oocyte Complex in Mice
Authors: Widyanugraha Muhammad Ardianta , Widjiati Widjiati , Hendarto Hendy 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective Endometriosis causes a decrease in oocyte quality. However, this mechanism is not fully understood. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of endometriosis on cumulus cell adenosine triphosphate ATP level, the number of mitochondria, and the oocyte maturity level.
Methods A true experimental study with a post-test only control group design on experimental animals. Thirty-two mice were divided into control and endometriosis groups. Cumulus oocyte complex (COC) was obtained from all groups. Adenosine triphosphate level on cumulus cells was examined using the Elisa technique, the number of mitochondria was evaluated with a confocal laser scanning microscope and the oocyte maturity level was evaluated with an inverted microscope.
Results The ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondria in the endometriosis group increased significantly (p < 0.05; p < 0.05) while the oocyte maturity level was significantly lower (p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondrial oocyte (p < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between cumulus cell ATP level and the number of mitochondrial oocytes with oocyte maturity level (p > 0.01; p > 0.01). The ROC curve showed that the number of mitochondrial oocytes (AUC = 0.672) tended to be more accurate than cumulus cell ATP level (AUC = 0.656) in determining the oocyte maturity level.
Conclusion In endometriosis model mice, the ATP level of cumulus cells and the number of mitochondrial oocytes increased while the oocyte maturity level decreased. There was a correlation between the increase in ATP level of cumulus cells and an increase in the number of mitochondrial oocytes.
A Technical Feasibility of Aqueous Aerosol Generation Based on the Flashing Jet: Effects of Overheat Degree, Jetting Rate, Jetting Volume, and Liquid Type
Authors: Zheng Qi-Wen , Yuan Li-Jia , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA previously established flashing jet inhaler prototype (FJ prototype) can produce an aqueous aerosol but cannot steadily provide inhalable aerosol (2–5 μm). This study aims to optimize the atomization performance of the FJ prototype and generate inhalable aqueous aerosols. The effects of overheat degree, jetting rate, jetting volume, and liquid type on atomization performance were assessed by determining output aerosol's mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) and aerodynamic particle size distribution. Drug distribution of active ingredients in different liquid types was also measured. A Pari nebulizer was used as a reference device. Our data suggested that MMAD is negatively correlated with the overheat degree and jetting rate, but has no significant relationship with the jetting volume. The effect of jetting rate is weaker than that of the overheat degree. When normal saline was used as the atomization liquid, output aerosol's MMAD at the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer were 1.98 ± 0.18 and 2.50 ± 0.81 μm, respectively. The addition of a surfactant significantly decreases MMAD both in solution and in suspension, but the suspended particles had no effect on the residual level and atomization performance of the FJ prototype. When ventolin was used as the atomization liquid, the MMAD of the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer was 2.1 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.2 μm, respectively, while the fine particle dosage (FPD) in percent of the nominal dose (%ND) was 50.4 ± 3.1 and 53.1 ± 7.2%, respectively. When pulmicort respules was used as the atomization liquid, the MMAD of the FJ prototype and Pari nebulizer was 2.5 ± 0.5 and 4.6 ± 0.2 μm respectively, while the FPD (%ND) was 30.1 ± 5.6 and 58.6 ± 5.1%, respectively. The FJ prototype not only delivers inhalable aqueous aerosol but also has a potential advantage in the atomization of suspension or poorly soluble drugs.
Organic agriculture in the Western Balkans
Authors: Veliu Arnita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Organic agriculture is growing in the last few years in Western Balkans Countries, even though some of them have initiated their legal framework as early as 2004, the practical process of implementation has been slow. There are a number of reasons which are mentioned in different either country reports or international reports on Western Balkans organic production; however, the most evident one is the lack of know-how and the lack of well-established operation systems and value chains. This, however, has been improving over the years, which is also shown in the growth of organic producers in the Western Balkans countries. The data shows that most of the organic production in the Western Balkans countries is export-oriented, mainly in the EU countries and the USA. There is only a small percentage that is sold within their national territories, and this is mostly due to the low awareness of organic produce in terms of health, food safety, and environmental benefits. This, however, is expected to be change as more and more people are working toward healthier lifestyles, and at the same time are putting their attention to Climate Change, with a specific to environmental protection.
Effect of rotating a dielectric barrier on discharge energy and uniformity in an atmospheric pressure air DBD
Authors: Yu Guanglin , Peng Bangfa , Jiang Nan , Wang Ronggang , Sun Haoyang , Liu Zhengyan , Shang Kefeng , Lu Na , Li Jie 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The application performance of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) depends on plasma characteristics, especially discharge energy and uniformity. In this study, the plasma characteristics are investigated in a DBD device with a rotating dielectric barrier. The statistical results indicate that rotating a dielectric barrier can effectively improve discharge power and the number of current pulses. Compared to a stationary DBD, the grayscale standard deviation of the discharge images can be significantly reduced, and the microdischarges present a rather diffuse distribution in the rotational DBD. This rotation also leads to an increase in the number of microdischarges and their movement in the direction of rotation. Additionally, a computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation together with the solution of the diffusion and recombination equations for space charges is implemented to study the diffusion, recombination, and transfer with airflow of space residual charges. The results reveal that the space charges move farther than their diffusion limit in most regions when the rotating speed reaches 30 rps (revolution per second). The mechanism of enhancing the discharge energy and uniformity by rotating a dielectric barrier is analyzed based on the local electric field enhancement induced by surface charges and electron detachment from space negative charges.
Bipolar magnetic switching and large exchange-bias in Fe-substituted SmCrO3
Authors: Mohan Manu , Nayak Sanjib , Pal Arnab , Murugavel P 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Rare-earth orthochromite is an interesting system in the view of its complex magnetic ordering due to competing interaction between different magnetic ions. Here, Fe-substituted SmCrO3 samples were prepared by solid-state route to investigate their intriguing magnetic properties towards exploring its application potential. The magnetic studies revealed antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at Nèel temperature (T
N) ∼ 181 K, magnetic compensation temperatures (T
COMP) at ∼137 K and 50 K, and spin-reorientation temperature (T
SR) at 64 K in SmCr0.8Fe0.2O3 sample. Additionally, the system exhibited negative magnetization under field-cooled conditions which allowed the field as well as temperature controllable magnetization switching behavior. Notably, the Fe-substituted SmCrO3 sample displayed a remarkable exchange bias (H
EB) value of ∼1.39 T at 10 K due to the coexistence of ferromagnetic and AFM ordering at different cationic sites. The M–H loops recorded under positive and negative field-cooled conditions ruled out the minor-loop effect. Theoretical models applied on the training effect studies confirmed the observed exchange-bias effect.
Mid-infrared virtually imaged phased array spectrometer with optical frequency comb: fast thermometry over large dynamic range
Authors: Zhu Ning , Song Zihao , Wang Weitian , Chen Xiaoliang , Chao Xing 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We demonstrate a broadband mid-infrared frequency comb spectrometer utilizing virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) with the potential of quantitative, fast thermometry over large dynamic range. A modified Boltzmann plot method for attaining quantitative spectral interpretation in the dispersive VIPA system is proposed and realized, despite the broadband spectral overlapping and spatially variant instrumental broadening. The developed method allows accurate interpretation of the comb spectra even without reaching single-comb-tooth resolution, and can be readily extended to other measurements with overlapped spectra. The method is validated with measurements of the v
3 band of methane, and a single-shot temperature accuracy of within 10 K is experimentally demonstrated over the range of 300–600 K at a rate of 200 Hz. The present method takes full benefit of the unique advantages of the high-resolution, broadband VIPA-based frequency comb spectroscopy and has the potential to offer fast and precise thermometry. As far as we know, this is the first study to use a mid-infrared VIPA for temperature measurement with frequency comb spectroscopy.
Recent developments in Chalcogenide phase change material-based nanophotonics
Authors: Tripathi Devdutt , Vyas Hardik S , Kumar Sushil , Panda Soumyashree S , Hegde Ravi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
There is now a deep interest in actively reconfigurable nanophotonics as they will enable the next generation of optical devices. Of the various alternatives being explored for reconfigurable nanophotonics, Chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) are considered highly promising owing to the nonvolatile nature of their phase change. Chalcogenide PCM nanophotonics can be broadly classified into integrated photonics (with guided wave light propagation) and Meta-optics (with free space light propagation). Despite some early comprehensive reviews, the pace of development in the last few years has shown the need for a topical review. Our comprehensive review covers recent progress on nanophotonic architectures, tuning mechanisms, and functionalities in tunable PCM Chalcogenides. In terms of integrated photonics, we identify novel PCM nanoantenna geometries, novel material utilization, the use of nanostructured waveguides, and sophisticated excitation pulsing schemes. On the meta-optics front, the breadth of functionalities has expanded, enabled by exploring design aspects for better performance. The review identifies immediate, and intermediate-term challenges and opportunities in (1) the development of novel chalcogenide PCM, (2) advance in tuning mechanism, and (3) formal inverse design methods, including machine learning augmented inverse design, and provides perspectives on these aspects. The topical review will interest researchers in further advancing this rapidly growing subfield of nanophotonics.