bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sluggish Slab Rollback at the Early Stage of Flux Melting During Subduction Initiation: Li Isotopic Evidence From the Coto High‐Al Chromite Deposit, Zambales Ophiolite, Philippines
Authors: Zhang Peng‐Fei , Zhou Mei‐Fu , Liu Qiong‐Ying , Malpas John , Yumul Graciano P. , Wang Christina Yan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe compositions of chromitites and dunites from Moho transition zone (MTZ) of the Coto block of the Zambales ophiolite, Philippines, are used to investigate the geodynamic transition from anhydrous to hydrous magmatism during subduction initiation (SI). Chromite grains in the chromitites have Cr# values [100 × Cr/(Cr + Al)] and TiO2 contents ∼35–50 and 0.05–0.30 wt.%, respectively, intermediate between those of chromite in typical MORB‐like lavas (Cr#, ∼20–60; TiO2, ∼0.6–1.7 wt.%) and boninites (Cr#, ∼70–85; TiO2, <0.4 wt.%). Olivine grains in the dunites have δ7Li values varying from ∼−2‰ to +21‰ with most between +10‰ and +15‰, beyond that of normal mantle (+4 ± 2‰) but comparable to those of some arc lavas (up to +12‰). The data set indicates that parental magmas of the high‐Al chromitites originated from hydrated harzburgitic mantle sources and formed temporally between MORB‐like and boninitic magmatism during SI, resulting from the early stage of flux melting in the Zambales proto‐forearc mantle. Modeling of Li diffusion reveals that the MTZ cooled down at a minimum rate of 0.1°C/yr in order to preserve the large δ7Li variation of olivine in the dunites, comparable to the thermal conditions below ultra‐slow to slow spreading ridges. Such a stage of transitional magmatism, although displaying notable slab contributions, took place at a sluggish period of slab rollback and asthenospheric upwelling, leading to a trough level of heat flow and magma production during the entire course of SI.
Evolution of the Convective Boundary Layer in a WRF Simulation Nested Down to 100 m Resolution During a Cloud‐Free Case of LAFE, 2017 and Comparison to Observations
Authors: Bauer Hans‐Stefan , Späth Florian , Lange Diego , Thundathil Rohith , Ingwersen Joachim , Behrendt Andreas , Wulfmeyer Volker 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Weather Research and Forecasting model was applied in a nested configuration from the convection‐permitting resolution of 2.5 km, via an intermediate resolution of 500 m down to the 100 m turbulence‐permitting scale to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of the convective boundary layer and their interaction with the underlying land surface. This included detailed comparisons with observations collected during the Land‐Atmosphere Feedback Experiment, performed at the Central Facility in Oklahoma. The simulation was driven by the operational analysis of the European Center for Medium‐range Weather Forecasting for a cloud‐free case on 23 August 2017 for which the measurement operation was extended into the following night to include the evening decay of the daytime convective boundary layer. The mesoscale 2.5 km resolution was capable to represent the correct boundary layer height and its temporal evolution. Details of the morning and evening transitions between the nighttime and daytime boundary layer as well as its internal structure were only simulated by the 100 m turbulence‐permitting simulation. Although systematic differences between the simulation and lidar observations were found, the model captured the temporal and spatial structure and the statistics of turbulence rather well. Comparison with data from Eddy‐Covariance stations showed that the model was able to reproduce the evolution of many near‐surface meteorological fields. Systematically higher surface temperatures and related differences in the surface fluxes suggest weaknesses in the representation of land surface processes although the simulation was initialized with accurate and high‐resolution initial fields.
Increased Sensitivity of Global Vegetation Productivity to Drought Over the Recent Three Decades
Authors: Wei Xiaonan , He Wei , Zhou Yanlian , Cheng Nuo , Xiao Jingfeng , Bi Wenjun , Liu Yibo , Sun Shanlei , Ju Weimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntensified droughts have been weakening global vegetation productivity, yet how the sensitivity of vegetation productivity to drought changes over time is not well known. Here, using the simulated long‐term gross primary production (GPP) with an improved two‐leaf light use efficiency model and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), we studied the sensitivity of global vegetation productivity to drought, quantified by the corresponding time scale of SPEI with strongest drought impact on GPP, and analyzed the changes in the sensitivity over two time periods (1993–2005 and 2006–2018). Compared to the first period, droughts were more widespread and severer around the world in the second period, as evidenced by increased drought range (increased by 4.43%) and intensity (SPEI03 decreased by 103%). Globally, the area with significant correlation between GPP and SPEI increased by 25.53%, the impact intensity increased by 14.75%, and the drought sensitivity of GPP enhanced by 13.76%; the changing directions were pretty similar across various vegetation types, mostly showing an increasing trend. Moreover, the vegetation in regions with consistently decreasing moisture was affected by drought most strongly and experienced the greatest change in the sensitivity of GPP to drought (enhanced by 10.99%), indicating that the arid and semi‐arid ecosystems should be considered as a research priority in the future. Our results reveal strengthened drought sensitivity of global vegetation productivity in recent decades across various ecosystems and climate transition regions, which could improve our understanding on the behavior and fate of terrestrial ecosystems in the changing climate.
The Role of Inflow and Infiltration (I/I) in Urban Water Balances and Streamflow Regimes: A Hydrograph Analysis Along the Sewershed‐Watershed Continuum
Authors: Zhang Kun , Sebo Spencer , McDonald Walter , Bhaskar Aditi , Shuster William , Stewart Ryan D. , Parolari Anthony J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractUrbanization alters subsurface flow pathways through expansion of sanitary collection and conveyance infrastructure. Inflow and infiltration (I/I) into sewers redistributes slow subsurface flows to fast within‐sewer flows. Acting in concert with connected surface water, redistribution through I/I complicates the net impact of urbanization on streamflow. Elucidation of these processes is key to the characterization and prediction of urban hydrologic cycles. In this study, we collected sanitary sewer flow and streamflow data from 17 sewersheds and 18 watersheds in and around Milwaukee, WI, USA. We compared flow duration curves and baseflow recession characteristics of I/I and streamflow in urban and reference watersheds. Median depth‐normalized I/I (296 mm) was nearly 35% of mean annual precipitation (867 mm), and thereby a major component of the urban drainage budget. I/I flowrates were similar to urban streamflow during high flow events (10th percentile) and larger during intermediate (50th percentile) and low (90th percentile) flow events. Further, I/I recession was slower and more nonlinear in shape than urban streamflow. Increased imperviousness and sewer density were associated with increased high flows, decreased intermediate flows, and quicker streamflow recessions. Sewer density explained more variability in intermediate flows (35%) and baseflow recession rate (49%) than imperviousness (24% and 19% respectively). Based on our findings, I/I takes up valuable volume capacity in sewers, which leads to more frequent overflows and alters streamflow regimes with ecological implications. Thus, I/I should be better considered in the prediction of urban hydrologic fluxes, and the characteristics and hydro‐ecologic impact of I/I should be more thoroughly explored.
Exosomes secreted from cardiomyocytes suppress the sensitivity of tumor ferroptosis in ischemic heart failure
Authors: Yuan Ye , Mei Zhongting , Qu Zhezhe , Li Guanghui , Yu Shuting , Liu Yingqi , Liu Kuiwu , Shen Zhihua , Pu Jiaying , Wang Yanquan , Wang Changhao , Sun Zhiyong , Liu Qian , Pang Xiaochen , Wang Ao , Ren Zijing , Wang Tong , Liu Ying , Hong Jinhuan , Xie Jiajie , Li Xin , Wang Zhonghua , Du Weijie , Yang Baofeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHeart failure (HF) patients in general have a higher risk of developing cancer. Several animal studies have indicated that cardiac remodeling and HF remarkably accelerate tumor progression, highlighting a cause-and-effect relationship between these two disease entities. Targeting ferroptosis, a prevailing form of non-apoptotic cell death, has been considered a promising therapeutic strategy for human cancers. Exosomes critically contribute to proximal and distant organ-organ communications and play crucial roles in regulating diseases in a paracrine manner. However, whether exosomes control the sensitivity of cancer to ferroptosis via regulating the cardiomyocyte-tumor cell crosstalk in ischemic HF has not yet been explored. Here, we demonstrate that myocardial infarction (MI) decreased the sensitivity of cancer cells to the canonical ferroptosis activator erastin or imidazole ketone erastin in a mouse model of xenograft tumor. Post-MI plasma exosomes potently blunted the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis inducers both in vitro in mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cell line LLC and osteosarcoma cell line K7M2 and in vivo with xenograft tumorigenesis model. The expression of miR-22-3p in cardiomyocytes and plasma-exosomes was significantly upregulated in the failing hearts of mice with chronic MI and of HF patients as well. Incubation of tumor cells with the exosomes isolated from post-MI mouse plasma or overexpression of miR-22-3p alone abrogated erastin-induced ferroptotic cell death in vitro. Cardiomyocyte-enriched miR-22-3p was packaged in exosomes and transferred into tumor cells. Inhibition of cardiomyocyte-specific miR-22-3p by AAV9 sponge increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to ferroptosis. ACSL4, a pro-ferroptotic gene, was experimentally established as a target of miR-22-3p in tumor cells. Taken together, our findings uncovered for the first time that MI suppresses erastin-induced ferroptosis through releasing miR-22-3p-enriched exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes. Therefore, targeting exosome-mediated cardiomyocyte/tumor pathological communication may offer a novel approach for the ferroptosis-based antitumor therapy.
Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells/dental stem cells and their therapeutic applications
Authors: Li Peishan , Ou Qianmin , Shi Songtao , Shao Changshun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are widely distributed in the body and play essential roles in tissue regeneration and homeostasis. MSCs can be isolated from discarded tissues, expanded in vitro and used as therapeutics for autoimmune diseases and other chronic disorders. MSCs promote tissue regeneration and homeostasis by primarily acting on immune cells. At least six different types of MSCs have been isolated from postnatal dental tissues and have remarkable immunomodulatory properties. Dental stem cells (DSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic effects on several systemic inflammatory diseases. Conversely, MSCs derived from nondental tissues such as the umbilical cord exhibit great benefits in the management of periodontitis in preclinical studies. Here, we discuss the main therapeutic uses of MSCs/DSCs, their mechanisms, extrinsic inflammatory cues and the intrinsic metabolic circuitries that govern the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs/DSCs. Increased understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the immunomodulatory functions of MSCs/DSCs is expected to aid in the development of more potent and precise MSC/DSC-based therapeutics.
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cataract: insights from the UK Biobank study
Authors: Fan Huiya , Han Xiaotong , Shang Xianwen , Zhu Zhuoting , He Mingguang , Xu Guihua , Chen Zilin , Deng Ruidong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose:
A prospective cohort study to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and the risk of cataract.

Methods:
We included 72,160 participants who were free of cataract at baseline from the UK Biobank. Frequency and type of F&V intake were assessed using a web-based 24 h dietary questionnaire from 2009 to 2012. Development of cataract during the follow-up was defined by self-report or hospital inpatient records up to 2021. Cox proportional regression models were used to estimate the association between F&V intake and incident cataract.

Results:
During a mean follow-up of 9.1 years, 5753 participants developed cataract with a corresponding incidence of 8.0%. After adjusting for multiple demographic, medical and lifestyle covariates, higher intake of F&V were associated with a lower risk of cataract (≥6.5 vs. <2 servings/week: hazards ratio [HR]: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.76 to 0.89; P < 0.0001). Regarding specific types, significant reduced risk of cataract was found for higher intake of legumes (P = 0.0016), tomatoes (≥5.2 vs. <1.8 servings/week: HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.00), and apple and pear (>7 vs. <3.5 servings/week: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.94; P < 0.0001), but not for cruciferous vegetables, green leafy vegetables, berry, citrus fruit or melon. Smokers were found to benefit more from F&V intake than former and never smokers. Men also could benefit more from higher vegetable intake than women.

Conclusions:
More F&V intake, especially legumes, tomatoes, apple, and pear, was associated with a lower risk of cataract in this UK Biobank cohort.
Sub-1 Volt and high-bandwidth visible to near-infrared electro-optic modulators
Authors: Renaud Dylan , Assumpcao Daniel Rimoli , Joe Graham , Shams-Ansari Amirhassan , Zhu Di , Hu Yaowen , Sinclair Neil , Loncar Marko 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntegrated electro-optic (EO) modulators are fundamental photonics components with utility in domains ranging from digital communications to quantum information processing. At telecommunication wavelengths, thin-film lithium niobate modulators exhibit state-of-the-art performance in voltage-length product (VπL), optical loss, and EO bandwidth. However, applications in optical imaging, optogenetics, and quantum science generally require devices operating in the visible-to-near-infrared (VNIR) wavelength range. Here, we realize VNIR amplitude and phase modulators featuringVπL’s of sub-1 V ⋅ cm, low optical loss, and high bandwidth EO response. Our Mach-Zehnder modulators exhibit aVπLas low as 0.55 V ⋅ cm at 738 nm, on-chip optical loss of ~0.7 dB/cm, and EO bandwidths in excess of 35 GHz. Furthermore, we highlight the opportunities these high-performance modulators offer by demonstrating integrated EO frequency combs operating at VNIR wavelengths, with over 50 lines and tunable spacing, and frequency shifting of pulsed light beyond its intrinsic bandwidth (up to 7x Fourier limit) by an EO shearing method.
Helicobacter pylori initiates successful gastric colonization by utilizing L-lactate to promote complement resistance
Authors: Hu Shuai , Ottemann Karen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe complement system has long been appreciated for its role in bloodborne infections, but its activities in other places, including the gastrointestinal tract, remain elusive. Here, we report that complement restricts gastric infection by the pathogen Helicobacter pylori. This bacterium colonized complement-deficient mice to higher levels than wild-type counterparts, particularly in the gastric corpus region. H. pylori uses uptake of the host molecule L-lactate to create a complement-resistant state that relies on blocking the deposition of the active complement C4b component on H. pylori’s surface. H. pylori mutants unable to achieve this complement-resistant state have a significant mouse colonization defect that is largely corrected by mutational removal of complement. This work highlights a previously unknown role for complement in the stomach, and has revealed an unrecognized mechanism for microbial-derived complement resistance.
Time-of-day defines NAD+ efficacy to treat diet-induced metabolic disease by synchronizing the hepatic clock in mice
Authors: Escalante-Covarrubias Quetzalcoatl , Mendoza-Viveros Lucía , González-Suárez Mirna , Sitten-Olea Román , Velázquez-Villegas Laura A. , Becerril-Pérez Fernando , Pacheco-Bernal Ignacio , Carreño-Vázquez Erick , Mass-Sánchez Paola , Bustamante-Zepeda Marcia , Orozco-Solís Ricardo , Aguilar-Arnal Lorena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe circadian clock is an endogenous time-tracking system that anticipates daily environmental changes. Misalignment of the clock can cause obesity, which is accompanied by reduced levels of the clock-controlled, rhythmic metabolite NAD+. Increasing NAD+ is becoming a therapy for metabolic dysfunction; however, the impact of daily NAD+ fluctuations remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that time-of-day determines the efficacy of NAD+ treatment for diet-induced metabolic disease in mice. Increasing NAD+ prior to the active phase in obese male mice ameliorated metabolic markers including body weight, glucose and insulin tolerance, hepatic inflammation and nutrient sensing pathways. However, raising NAD+ immediately before the rest phase selectively compromised these responses. Remarkably, timed NAD+ adjusted circadian oscillations of the liver clock until completely inverting its oscillatory phase when increased just before the rest period, resulting in misaligned molecular and behavioral rhythms in male and female mice. Our findings unveil the time-of-day dependence of NAD+-based therapies and support a chronobiology-based approach.
Cryo-EM structure of human eIF5A-DHS complex reveals the molecular basis of hypusination-associated neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Wątor Elżbieta , Wilk Piotr , Biela Artur , Rawski Michał , Zak Krzysztof M. , Steinchen Wieland , Bange Gert , Glatt Sebastian , Grudnik Przemysław 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHypusination is a unique post-translational modification of the eukaryotic translation factor 5A (eIF5A) that is essential for overcoming ribosome stalling at polyproline sequence stretches. The initial step of hypusination, the formation of deoxyhypusine, is catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS), however, the molecular details of the DHS-mediated reaction remained elusive. Recently, patient-derived variants of DHS and eIF5A have been linked to rare neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of the human eIF5A-DHS complex at 2.8 Å resolution and a crystal structure of DHS trapped in the key reaction transition state. Furthermore, we show that disease-associated DHS variants influence the complex formation and hypusination efficiency. Hence, our work dissects the molecular details of the deoxyhypusine synthesis reaction and reveals how clinically-relevant mutations affect this crucial cellular process.
Increased impact of heat domes on 2021-like heat extremes in North America under global warming
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhou Tianjun , Zhang Wenxia , Ren Liwen , Jiang Jie , Hu Shuai , Zuo Meng , Zhang Lixia , Man Wenmin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDuring summer 2021, Western North America (WNA) experienced an unprecedented heatwave with record-breaking high temperatures associated with a strong anomalous high-pressure system, i.e., a heat dome. Here, we use a flow analog method and find that the heat dome over the WNA can explain half of the magnitude of the anomalous temperature. The intensities of hot extremes associated with similar heat dome-like atmospheric circulations increase faster than background global warming in both historical change and future projection. Such relationship between hot extremes and mean temperature can be partly explained by soil moisture-atmosphere feedback. The probability of 2021-like heat extremes is projected to increase due to the background warming, the enhanced soil moisture-atmosphere feedback and the weak but still significantly increased probability of the heat dome-like circulation. The population exposure to such heat extremes will also increase. Limiting global warming to 1.5 °C instead of 2 °C (3 °C) would lead to an avoided impact of 53% (89%) of the increase in population exposure to 2021-like heat extremes under the RCP8.5-SSP5 scenario.
The genomic epidemiology of Escherichia albertii infecting humans and birds in Great Britain
Authors: Bengtsson Rebecca J. , Baker Kate S. , Cunningham Andrew A. , Greig David R. , John Shinto K. , Macgregor Shaheed K. , Seilern-Moy Katharina , Spiro Simon , Chong Charlotte C. , De Silva P Malaka , Jenkins Claire , Lawson Becki 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEscherichia albertii is a recently identified gastrointestinal bacterial pathogen of humans and animals which is typically misidentified as pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli or Shigella species and is generally only detected during genomic surveillance of other Enterobacteriaceae. The incidence of E. albertii is likely underestimated, and its epidemiology and clinical relevance are poorly characterised. Here, we whole genome sequenced E. albertii isolates from humans (n = 83) and birds (n = 79) isolated in Great Britain between 2000 and 2021 and analysed these alongside a broader public dataset (n = 475) to address these gaps. We found human and avian isolates typically (90%; 148/164) belonged to host-associated monophyletic groups with distinct virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles. Overlaid patient epidemiological data suggested that human infection was likely related to travel and possibly foodborne transmission. The Shiga toxin encoding stx2f gene was associated with clinical disease (OR = 10.27, 95% CI = 2.98–35.45 p = 0.0002) in finches. Our results suggest that improved future surveillance will further elucidate disease ecology and public and animal health risks associated with E. albertii.
Early life gut microbiota sustains liver-resident natural killer cells maturation via the butyrate-IL-18 axis
Authors: Tian Panpan , Yang Wenwen , Guo Xiaowei , Wang Tixiao , Tan Siyu , Sun Renhui , Xiao Rong , Wang Yuzhen , Jiao Deyan , Xu Yachen , Wei Yanfei , Wu Zhuanchang , Li Chunyang , Gao Lifen , Ma Chunhong , Liang Xiaohong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLiver-resident natural killer cells, a unique lymphocyte subset in liver, develop locally and play multifaceted immunological roles. However, the mechanisms for the maintenance of liver-resident natural killer cell homeostasis remain unclear. Here we show that early-life antibiotic treatment blunt functional maturation of liver-resident natural killer cells even at adulthood, which is dependent on the durative microbiota dysbiosis. Mechanistically, early-life antibiotic treatment significantly decreases butyrate level in liver, and subsequently led to defective liver-resident natural killer cell maturation in a cell-extrinsic manner. Specifically, loss of butyrate impairs IL-18 production in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes through acting on the receptor GPR109A. Disrupted IL-18/IL-18R signaling in turn suppresses the mitochondrial activity and the functional maturation of liver-resident natural killer cells. Strikingly, dietary supplementation of experimentally or clinically used Clostridium butyricum restores the impaired liver-resident natural killer cell maturation and function induced by early-life antibiotic treatment. Our findings collectively unmask a regulatory network of gut-liver axis, highlighting the importance of the early-life microbiota in the development of tissue-resident immune cells.