bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability criterion of film capacitor based on moisture diffusion in encapsulation
Authors: Li Zheng , Li Hua , Qiu Tian , Lin Fuchang , Wang Yucheng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe current reliability criterion (RC) of the film capacitor (FC) is usually a fixed value, which does not consider the staged capacitance loss caused by moisture diffusion under high temperature and/or high humidity. The expected lifetime of capacitors would deviate far from the actual one. The moisture diffusion process of the encapsulated FC is analysed based on Fick's second law. In order to investigate the capacitance loss and moisture diffusion characteristics, 4 types of film capacitors are stressed with AC voltage under different temperatures and humidities. Based on the staged analysis of the capacitance and weight gain curves, the effect of moisture diffusion on capacitance loss is revealed. Results indicate that the linear stage of capacitance loss corresponds to the Fickian moisture diffusion stage of weight gain. The effect of voltage on FC aging is the most significant. The capacitance loss rate increases by 301% when the voltage rises by 30%. An RC calculation method of the FC is further proposed, which could also screen the encapsulation quality and shorten the aging test duration by at least 80%.
CSIT: Channel Spatial Integrated Transformer for human pose estimation
Authors: Li Shaohua , Zhang Haixiang , Ma Hanjie , Feng Jie , Jiang Mingfeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman keypoints detection is different from general detection tasks and requires networks that can learn visual information and anatomical constraints. Since CNN is excellent in extracting texture features of images and transformer can learn the correlation among keypoints well, many CTPNets (CNN+transformer type human pose estimation networks) have emerged. However, these networks are unconcerned with the processing of the features extracted from the CNN and naturally expand only from the channel dimension, ignoring the spatial features in the visual information that are essential for complex detection tasks like pose estimation. So the channel spatial integrated transformer for human pose estimation, termed CSIT, is proposed. The visual information are summarized as texture and spatial information, and a parallel network is used to expand the feature maps in the channel and spatial dimensions to learn texture features and spatial features respectively. In addition, anatomically constrained information is learned by keypoint embeddings. At the end of the network, the 1D vector representation method with more advanced performance and more compatible with transformer's characteristics is used to predict keypoints. Experiments show that CSIT outperforms the mainstream CTPNets on the COCO test‐dev dataset, and also show satisfactory results on the MPII dataset.
Revisit two memoryless state‐recovery cryptanalysis methods on A5/1
Authors: Xu Yanbin , Hao Yonglin , Wang Mingxing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAt ASIACRYPT 2019, Zhang proposed a near collision attack on A5/1 claiming to recover the 64‐bit A5/1 state with a time complexity around 232 cipher ticks with negligible memory requirements. Soon after its proposal, Zhang's near collision attack was severely challenged by Derbez et al. who claimed that Zhang's attack cannot have a time complexity lower than Golic's memoryless guess‐and‐determine attack dating back to EUROCRYPT 1997. In this article, both the guess‐and‐determine and the near collision attacks for recovering A5/1 states with negligible memory complexities are studied. Firstly, a new guessing technique called the move guessing technique that can construct linear equation filters in a more efficient manner is proposed. Such a technique can be applied to both guess‐and‐determine and collision attacks for efficiency improvements. Secondly, the filtering strength of the linear equation systems is taken into account for complexity analysis. Such filtering strength are evaluated with practical experiments making the complexities more convincing. Based on such new techniques, the authors are able to give 2 new guess‐and‐determine attacks on A5/1: the 1st attack recovers the internal state with time complexity 243.92; the 2nd one recovers a different state with complexity 243.25. Golic's guess‐and‐determine attack and Zhang's near collision attacks are revisited. According to our detailed analysis, the complexity of Golic's recovery attack is no lower than 246.04, higher than the previously believed 243. On the other hand, Zhang's near collision attack recovers with the time complexity 253.19: such a complexity can be further lowered to 250.78 with our move guessing technique.
Low‐voltage DC building distribution and utilization system and its implementation in China southern grid
Authors: Guo Peiqian , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Yuan Zhichang , Zhao Yuming , Wang Yizhen , Liu Guowei , Man Jiufang , Wang Yuxuan , Jiang Zhilin , Xiang Miaoyi , Kuenzel Stefanie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe demand‐side DC electricity‐using equipment and newly integrated renewables are driving the transformation of power distribution and utilization mode. The building system based on DC technology is emerging as a promising option. In the low‐voltage DC building distribution and utilization system (LVDCBDUS), global energy optimization management and operational control arrangement are key components. To obtain exemplary achievements of those, two different DC building energy management system (DC BEMS) integration schemes are investigated according to the respective features and application‐required functions of various system networking structures. Centralized and decentralized control strategies are presented and discussed for buildings with AC–DC transformation and newly built LVDCBDUSs. On this basis, the centralized DC BEMS and operational control strategy are applied to the first multi‐scenario low‐carbon city‐based future building project—Shenzhen IBR Future Complex. The operation data are recorded and analysed. Problems encountered during the implementation are summarized, and requirements of converter equipment, new technologies and marketization are further discussed to promote the high‐quality development of the LVDCBDUS.
Time to Mohs Reconstruction: A Systematic Review Comparing Complication Rates between Immediate and Delayed Repair
Authors: Sciegienka Sebastian , Slijepcevic Allison , Lipsey Kim , Spataro Emily , Chen Collin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSeveral known factors affect outcomes of Mohs facial defect reconstruction; however, the effect of repair timing on outcomes is ill-defined. The aim of this study was to determine postoperative complication rates between immediate and delayed repair of Mohs facial defects. Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. Articles were selected using PICO format—population: Mohs facial defect patients, intervention: defect repair, comparator: immediate (<24 hours), or delayed (>24 hours) repair, outcome: complication rate. PubMed/Medline (1946-2020), EMBASE (1947-2020), Scopus (1823-2020), Web of Science (1900-2020), Cochrane Library, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts; those in English with human subjects reporting repair timing and complication rates were included. Search criteria yielded 6,649 abstracts; 233 qualified for review. Data were gathered from six studies; they alone contained comparative data meeting inclusion criteria. While many well-written studies were encountered, reported results varied widely. A statistically sound meta-analysis could not be completed due to large heterogeneity between studies, biasing the analysis towards the largest weighted study. Clinically important differences may exist between immediate and delayed Mohs reconstruction, but small study numbers, large heterogeneity, and lack of standardized outcome measures limit definitive conclusions. More studies are needed to perform appropriate meta-analyses, including studies using standardized methods of reporting Mohs outcome data.
Knowledge Gaps in Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Carusi Daniela A. , Duzyj Christina M. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Butwick Alexander J. , Barrett Jon , Holt Roxane , O'Rinn Susan E. , Afshar Yalda , Gilner Jennifer B. , Newton J. M. , Shainker Scott A. ,   for the Pan-American Society for the Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Published: June 2023

Since its first description early in the 20th Century, placenta accreta and its variants have changed substantially in incidence, risk factor profile, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. While systematic use of diagnostic tools and a multidisciplinary team care approach has begun to improve patient outcomes, the condition's pathophysiology, epidemiology, and best practices for diagnosis and management remain poorly understood. The use of large databases with broadly accepted terminology and diagnostic criteria should accelerate research in this area. Future work should focus on non-traditional phenotypes, such as those without placenta previa–preventive strategies, and long term medical and emotional support for patients facing this diagnosis.
Key Points
Potential Impact of Long COVID-19 on Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Al-Jewair Thikriat , Michelogiannakis Dimitrios , Khoo Edmund , Prevost Ryan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPooled estimates indicate about 226 million individuals are currently experiencing or have experienced persistent symptoms from COVID-19. Long COVID-19 (LC) has been associated with a prolonged inflammatory and stress responses in affected individuals. Due to common pathways, LC could impact the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement, orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption and periodontal tissue response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The authors of the present report discussed potential biological mechanisms through which LC may influence orthodontic treatment highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Transradial Transcapitate Perilunotriquetral Coalition Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Bellringer Simon F. , Raut Shruti , Cho Young-Seok , Tourret Lisa J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPerilunate fracture dislocations (PLFDs) are uncommon, usually resulting from high-energy trauma. Several classification systems describe the patterns of injury seen, but there is still significant variation and patterns of injury that do not fit within these classifications continue to be described. Carpal coalitions are rare, mostly asymptomatic, and are, as a result, usually identified incidentally. We describe the case of a transradial transcapitate PLFD in a patient with a Minnaar Type 3 lunotriquetral coalition. Radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes are reported.When presented with a rare anatomical variation in the context of a complex injury, the importance of managing these complex injuries according to principles is highlighted.
Prevalence and Characterization of Legionella pneumophila and Related Species from Water-Based Recreational Sites
Authors: Shetty Sneha , Kenjar Apoorva , Raj Juliet Roshini Mohan , D.S Akhila , Karunasagar Indrani , Vittal Rajeshwari 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives Legionella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria common in soil and aquatic systems and is associated with protists. They have emerged as a pathogenic group due to the increased use and poor maintenance of artificial water environments. This study aims at phenotypic and molecular identification of Legionella in water and swab samples collected from water-based recreational sites. The biofilm-forming ability of Legionella on exposure to various temperatures and iron concentrations was also studied.
Methods A total of 60 samples including 30 swab samples and 30 water samples (decorative fountain ponds, swimming pools, garden sprinklers, drip irrigation system) were collected from in and around Mangalore, Karnataka, India. From each source, swab and water samples were collected as per the Indian standard IS: 1622. The collected samples were processed within 4 hours of collection. The samples were subjected to microbiological and chemical estimation followed by filtration through a 0.2 µm membrane filter. Isolation of Legionella from collected samples was performed as per US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines 2005. The positive isolates were then checked for biofilm-forming ability at various temperatures (25°C, 35°C, and 45°C) and iron concentration (3 mg/L, 30 mg/L, and 300 mg/L) using crystal violet assay.
Results Out of 30, water and swab samples tested, one water sample from a garden sprinkler, swimming pool, and one from both water and swab samples from a decorative fountain showed the presence of Legionella. A biofilm study of Legionella at various temperatures and iron concentrations categorized the bacteria as a moderate biofilm former.
Conclusion This study revealed that most of the water and swab samples were found to be negative for Legionella that is quite encouraging and the contamination of water systems in recreational facilities can be reduced by decontamination techniques and proper hygienic practices.
A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice of Parents Regarding Home Management of Minor Ailments in Children Visiting Tertiary Care Hospital Mangaluru
Authors: K. Navitha , lobo Melba Roshini , J. Umarani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background The nation's future depends on its children. Minor illnesses are a common occurrence during childhood. It is crucial to evaluate parents' knowledge and practice when it comes to dealing with minor illnesses. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of parents regarding home management of minor ailments in children.
Methods The descriptive research design was adopted for this study. The sample consisted of 65 parents of under-5 children The sample was selected on the basis of the purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a knowledge questionnaire and practice checklist related to the management of minor illnesses in children including fever, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI; cough, cold, sore throat), diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal colic, and superficial wound. Data collected from the subjects were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results Study revealed that 80% had good knowledge, 20% had moderate knowledge, and none of them had poor knowledge on home management of minor ailments. In terms of practice, 55.4% of parents had moderate practice in the management of fever, 93.8% had good practice regarding the management of URTI, 43.1% had a good practice in managing diarrhea at home, 47.7% of parents had poor practice regarding home management of abdomen colic, 56.9% parents had a good practice on management of vomiting at home, and 92.3% had good practice score on managing superficial wounds at home. There was a significant association found with education status and knowledge score, as well as educational status and occupation with URTI practice and source of health information with fever at p-value less than 0.05 level of significance.
Conclusion The results of this study showed that parents of under-5 children had good knowledge and practice regarding home management of minor ailments.
Linguistic Differences by Gender in Letters of Recommendation for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Fellowship Applicants
Authors: Rosenthal Elise , Tappy Erryn , Pan Evelyn , Verma Diksha , Wang Angela , Brown Larry S. , Santiago-Muñoz Patricia , Florian-Rodriguez Maria 
Published: June 2023

Objective As in many realms of academia and medicine, in obstetrics and gynecology, women experience gender bias in residency evaluations and academic promotions. More specifically, women in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) are underrepresented within departmental leadership positions. As a means of identifying spaces where bias may exist, multiple investigators have previously reported on gender bias in letters of recommendation (LORs) for residency and subspecialty training programs. We aimed to determine if linguistic differences exist in LORs for self-identified male and female applicants to MFM fellowship at an academic institution.
Study Design This was a retrospective single-site cohort study from 2019 to 2021. Data collected included applicant's age, self-reported race/ethnicity and gender, geographic region of residency, step 1 and 2 scores, scholarly and volunteer activities, and number of LORs. The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software, a validated text analysis program, was used to characterize LOR linguistic content. Multivariable analysis was used to compare letter characteristics to applicant demographics.
Results A total of 212 applications were reviewed, including 808 LORs. Women comprised 76.9% of applicants, and men 23.1%. Most applicants identified as non-Hispanic White (52.8%). Men were more likely to be international medical graduates (20 vs. 6%, p ≤ 0.01), and women reported more volunteer activities (7.1 ± 5.1 vs. 5.5 ± 4.3, p = 0.04). There were no differences in step scores, number of research projects, or number of LORs. Multivariable analysis controlling for applicant race, step 1 score, and gender of letter writer revealed that letters written for males contained significantly more references to the word category cognitive processes (7.4 ± 0.2 vs. 7.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.046), specifically in reference to the subcategories of certainty and differentiation.
Conclusion We identified linguistic differences in LORs written for MFM applicants, suggesting potential bias in the style of writing for male and female physicians applying to this field.
Key Points
Ideological drivers of participatory democracy in Europe: disentangling the different approaches of populism and post-materialist politics
Authors: Piccolino Gianluca , Puleo Leonardo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical literature regarding which actors support the most participatory democracy is surprisingly scarce. Discussing the core ideological features of populist and post-materialist-centred parties, we expect that these parties emphasise participatory democracy more than their competitors. Additionally, populist parties should embody a monist demand for greater participatory democracy, while post-materialist-centred (PMC) parties should advocate a pluralist understanding of it. Drawing on party electoral manifestos, we verify these assumptions in several national elections across Europe. Our findings show mixed support for the theoretical expectations. Both post-materialist and populist parties support participatory democracy more than other parties, and their principles diverge. More precisely, our data confirm that PMC parties advocate a pluralist understanding of participatory democracy. Yet populist parties show a fuzzier picture. While populist radical right parties exhibit a monist profile, radical left populist parties are much more in line with post-materialist arguments.
Effect of government intervention in relation to COVID-19 cases and deaths in Malawi
Authors: Chirwa Gowokani Chijere , Zonda Joe Maganga , Mosiwa Samantha Soyiyo , Mazalale Jacob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic affected the world in various ways. In response to this, countries set up various interventions such as lockdowns, physical distancing, and mandatory face covering, among others. Governments also put in place measures to ensure compliance. However, the extent to which the various responses impacted the deaths and confirmed cases remains debatable. This paper explores this question by looking at how government stringency measures impacted deaths and cases in Malawi. We employ an instrumental variable (IV) approach to assess the impact of government action on confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. We measure government policy by the stringency index. By leveraging the IV approach, we circumvent potential endogeneity concerns between our main policy variable and the outcome variables. Our data comes from the University of Oxford COVID-19 project and spans a daily frequency from 20 February 2020 to 25 April 2022, covering multiple waves of the pandemic. Overall, the findings show that despite Malawi never having implemented a full lockdown, the government policies may have helped to reduce both cases and deaths related to COVID-19. Specifically, the IV shows that a unit increase in the government stringency index results in a drop of 179 cases and 6 deaths. All the results are statistically significant at 1% level and remain robust to the use of the ordinary least-squares method. This study demonstrates the efficacy of non-pharmaceutical tools implemented by the government to fight COVID-19. Thus, policymakers need to place more emphasis on the need for the public to adhere to these stringency measures in the event of new waves of the pandemic or similar outbreaks.
Preparation process optimisation, structural characterisation and stability analysis of sika deer blood–selenium chelate
Authors: Tang Li-wen , Gao Xiao-chen , Sun Yao , Tian Tian , Li Sheng 
Published: June 2023

Context Selenium deficiency occurs all over the world. Therefore, the research and development of selenium supplements has been a focus for relevant scholars. Organic selenium is safer and more efficient than is inorganic selenium. In fact, China’s sika deer resources are of high quality, but the utilisation rate of deer blood is very low. Research has found that deer blood is a reasonable peptide source for the preparation of selenium-chelate supplements. The abundance of deer blood resources provided conditions for this study. Aim To provide new selenium supplements for humans, and further develop and utilise China’s sika deer industry, which to some extent also improves the utilisation rate of deer blood resources. Methods Peptides were hydrolysed by protease, and the best hydrolysates were screened. Single-factor experiments and response-surface methodology were used to study the effects of pH, temperature, time and peptide:selenium mass ratio on selenium-chelating activity. The sika deer blood polypeptide–selenium was characterised and analysed through ultraviolet spectrum, infrared spectrum, amino acid analysis, molecular-weight determination, scanning electron microscopy, and particle-size and potential analysis. Also, thermal-stability and acid–base-stability tests were conducted. Key results The chelating activity of alkaline protease hydrolysate was the highest, being 73.1 ± 0.16%. The pH value, temperature, time and peptide:selenium mass ratio had influence on selenium-chelating activity. Because of the cross-linking of selenium ions, the chelated selenium aggregates into larger particles with a more compact structure. The determination of amino acid and molecular weight showed that the metal-chelating activity of small-molecular peptides was very strong. Glutamic acid (Glu) and aspartic acid (Asp) play an important role in the binding of selenium ions. At the same time, the chelated SDBP–selenium had acid–base stability and thermal stability. Conclusion Studies depicted that SDBP–selenium is suitable as a new type of selenium supplement. Implications The preparation of deer blood polypeptide-chelated selenium provides a scientific basis for the development of new selenium supplements and the practical application of deer blood resources.