bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational, Economic and Environmental Advantages of Applying Artificial Intelligence in Dam Operations: an approach based on artificial neural networks and Monte Carlo simulation method for floodgate operation
Authors: Neto Geraldo Cardoso Oliveira , Cardoso Valdir H. , Gomes Marcos G. , Bezerra Francisco E. , de Lima Saulo V. S. , de Araújo Sidnei A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This work is aimed at demonstrating the advantages that AI can bring to dam management and which parameters and calculations are important to make the simulations more realistic. To this end, a computational approach that combines a Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method was developed and tested in simulations of floodgate operation using data collected from one of the biggest sanitation companies in the world. The conducted systematic review and simulations allowed to demonstrate the contributions of this study to the scientific literature and organizational practice, mainly because it shows that the application of the proposed approach can eliminates the need for manual operations in dams, including those aimed at preventing disasters and water wastage.
Association of intra-operative muscular tissue oxygen saturation with postoperative acute kidney injury in older patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Yin Lingzi , Wang Chunsheng , Zhao Wanli , Yang Xiaoxia , Mu Dongliang , Ni Xinli 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Purpose
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently associated with poor postoperative prognoses. Intra-operative renal ischaemia and hypoxia may contribute to the pathogenesis of postoperative AKI. However, direct monitoring of this condition is difficult. Although near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measurements of muscle tissue oxygen saturation (SmtO2) can predict some postoperative adverse outcomes, their association with AKI in older patients undergoing major abdominal surgery is unclear.
Methods
This prospective observational study recruited a total of 253 patients aged ≥65 years undergoing ≥2-h-long elective abdominal surgeries from September 2021 to August 2022. NIRS monitoring of bilateral flank, quadriceps, and brachioradialis muscles was performed throughout the surgery. The primary outcome was the incidence of AKI , diagnosed using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria, within 7 days postoperatively.
Results
AKI occurred in 44/240 patients (18.3%) and was associated with worse secondary outcomes. SmtO2 decline >10% of the baseline values at the right flank (OR, 6.98; 95% CI 1.36 to 35.83; P=0.020), left flank (OR, 6.69; 95% CI 1.55 to 28.9; P=0.011), quadriceps (OR, 2.99; 95% CI 1.36 to 6.55; P=0.006) was associated with AKI. The standard deviation values of SmtO2 at the right flank (OR, 3.32; 95% CI 1.72 to 6.41; P<0.001) and left flank (OR, 1.37; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.86; P=0.048) were also associated with an increased risk of AKI. The area under the curve for SmtO2 measurements 10%, and 5% below the baseline at the right flank and quadriceps were associated with an increased risk of AKI.
Conclusion
SmtO2 is associated with postoperative AKI and may facilitate prevention of AKI.
Sea level changes: the data available at the PSMSL and SONEL and the results of satellite altimetry
Authors: Araújo Maria Assunção 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Sea level changes are a complex and quite discussed topic in the media, mostly because of their relationship with “climate change”. The first instruments to evaluate sea level changes are the Tide Gauges (TG) that began to register data in 1700, at Amsterdam. The TG registrations are validated and homogenized, to be comparable, by PSMSL (Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level). The longest record is the one in Brest (France) that begins in 1807. They register the Relative Sea Level (RSL). In fact, the data show that the vertical movements on the continent strongly affect the RSL curves. The recent implementation of GPS near the TG allows to evaluate the “absolute” sea level changes and calculate the respective trends. The average values, including some “suspect” outliers, is about 2 mm/yr. However, due to the lack of existence of GPS near all the TG and the completeness/duration of TG curves, only 164 stations are registered as defining a probable eustatic, “absolute” sea level trend. Since 1993 it is implemented a satellite altimetry system that used several satellites and is improving the techniques and models to allow the definition of a global sea level change. However, their results (3,55 mm/yr) are much different from the painstaking TG trends, constructed through more than 2 centuries and complemented by the recent GPS information. It is a good technique to show the marine currents, their development, and the influence of warm water in the middle of the oceans, affecting local sea level. But it seems inappropriate, right now, to give the “absolute” sea level trend near the coastline, where this data is most needed.
Neutrophil extracellular traps activate NLRP3 in mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia
Authors: Yang Lei , Zhang Cen , Liu yan , Bao huijing , Wang zhihua 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia.The sera of 60 MP pneumonia patients and 20 healthy controls were used to detect the level of cell-free DNA, and citrullinated histone H3(Cit-H3)and compared with the clinical characteristics of MP pneumonia patients. Additionally, community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) induced NETs formation and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes in vitro and in vivo was analyzed. The levels of cell-free DNA and Cit-H3 were significantly increased in the patients with MP pneumonia. Furthermore, cell-free DNA strongly correlated with Cit-H3 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Importantly, both cell-free DNA and LDH were higher in hospitalized patients with severity than those without severity. In addition, CARDS toxin could induce the NETs formation in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that Dnase I insignificantly attenuated the higher levels of Cit-H3, and up-regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). At the same time, it can down-regulated the expression of NLRP3 and Caspase1(p20) in the lung tissues.These findings illustrate a new mechanism by which NETs contributed to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in MP pneumonia.
Machine Learning-based Detection of IoT Malware using System Call Data
Authors: Tahir Inshal , Qadir Sana 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The popularity of IoT has raised many security concerns. Multiple devices with new and improved features are introduced into the market every year, expanding the IoT attack surface. The number of emerging malware variants are also increasing along with the use of antidetection mechanisms such as packing and obfuscation. The cyber security community has proposed multiple solutions, but the platform heterogeneity of IoT devices poses a unique challenge. Most studies use a static analysis approach for malware detection. However, this approach is not effective for the detection of packed and obfuscated malware. A few studies use a dynamic analysis approach, but they do not address the multiarchitecture nature of IoT devices. The main contribution of this research is to present a machine learning model that can detect rapidly evolving, packed or obfuscated malware that targets MIPS, ARM, and x86 IoT devices. We compile our own dataset by dynamically analysing 524 malware samples and 524 benign samples for various IoT architectures. The extracted system call data is preprocessed and used to train five machine learning models. The best results are achieved using Random Forest (RF) with a detection accuracy of 99.04% and FPR of 0.01.
DEBI-NN: Distance-Encoding Biomorphic-Informational Neural Networks for Minimizing the Number of Trainable Parameters
Authors: Papp Laszlo , Haberl David , Ecsedi Boglarka , Spielvogel Clemens , Krajnc Denis , Grahovac Marko , Moradi Sasan , Drexler Wolfgang 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Modern artificial intelligence (AI) approaches mainly rely on neural network (NN) or deep NN methodologies. However, these approaches require large amounts of data to train, given, that the number of their trainable parameters has a polynomial relationship to their neuron counts. This property renders deep NN not applicable in fields operating with small, albeit representative datasets such as healthcare. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network architecture which trains spatial positions of neural soma and axon pairs, where weights are calculated by axon-soma distances of connected neurons. We refer to this method as distance-encoding biomorphic-informational (DEBI) neural network. This concept significantly minimizes the number of trainable parameters compared to conventional neural networks. We demonstrate that DEBI models can yield comparable predictive performance in tabular and imaging datasets, where they require a fraction of trainable parameters compared to conventional NNs, resulting in a highly scalable solution.
Analytical Method Development and Validation Using RP-HPLC for Cyclosporine (CsA) Formulated in ‘Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles (LCN’S)’: Application in Determining Drug Loading(%DL), Drug Entrapment (%DEE) and Drug Release Profile
Authors: Sushma M , Vikram Hemanth , Jyothi S L , Beeraka Narasimha M , Chandan R S , Tengli Anandkumar 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Cyclosporine (CsA)is used as an antifungal, immunosuppressant administered orally. But it exhibit poor aqueous solubility due to the presence of lipophilic, cyclic endecapeptide in large fraction, which makes poor permeability across the membranes. So, liquid crystallinenano formulation could enhance the solubility properties. However, to date, there is no analytical method development or validation pertinent to cyclosporine (CsA) as liquid crystalline Nano formulations.
Objective
To develop and validate a simple and quick reverse phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cyclosporine (CsA) using UV detector. Employ the method to determine drug loading (%DL), drug entrapment efficiency (%DEE) and to quantify drug release samples.
Methods
The mobile phase included acetonitrile and 10Mm ammonium acetate as a buffering media. In the ratio 90:10 (ACN: Ammonium Acetate, pH 4) using Shim-pack GIST C18 (4.6 x 100 mm, 5 µm). Column with flow rate of 0.8ml/min, with column temperature (50 ºC), the eluent detected at 215nm with injection volume 20µl.
Results
The determination of cyclosporine (CsA) was accurate and precise based on the data pertinent to system adaptability, accuracy, linearity, precision, specificity, and robustness. This approach was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The LOD & LOQ found to be 0.12 µg/ml and 0.15µg/ml. According to the approach, the linearity was in the range of 1–64 µg/ml. It has been claimed that cyclosporine (CsA) recovery rates range from 98 to 100%. Because there was no invasion from excipients or mobile phase, the strategy was proven to be accurate. Cyclosporine (CsA) has a run time of around 10 minutes. The calibration curve was accurate. Cyclosporine (CsA) elution time was 4.56 minutes. The accuracy of the system was 98.2% respectively, and the %RSD was less than 2%. The % entrapment efficiency of CsA -LCN was found to be 83.13%. Whereas the % DL for CsA -LCN was found to be 5.90 ± 0.31. Drug release profile showed a sustained release pattern for CsA -LCN in comparison to pure drug
Conclusion
RP-HPLC method is a sensitive, precise, accurate method for analytical method development and validation specifically for (CsA) in liquid crystalline nanoparticles.
The impact of using UHPFRC in concrete sleepers on the rail fastening system performance
Authors: Ahmed Sayed , Atef Hossam , Husain Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The life span of railways is one of the most important concerns of rail systems, where rail fastening systems play a key role in extending the life span of the railway. The fastener system plays a necessary role in fixing the rail on the sleeper. The fastener system's tasks ensure the process's safety during operation. The quality of the fastener system directly affects the safety performance of trains. In this research, four different types of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) mixtures with two types of steel fiber (50% end-hooked and 50% corrugated) with the same aspect ratio fabricated the pre-stressed concrete sleepers (B70). In addition, the control mix with traditional concrete C50 was tested. From laboratory investigation, this paper clarifies the impact of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete admixture on the pull-out resistance for the fastening system in sleeper B70 and the effect of increasing the amounts of steel fiber on this test.
A study on the prevalence and drug resistance of bloodstream infections in intensive care unit in a children's medical center in eastern China: from 2016 to 2021
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Yang , Wang Yunzhong , Tao Yunzhen , Shao Xuejun , Dai Ling 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It is important to analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of critically ill children with bloodstream infection (BSI) to help clinicians choose the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for clinical infection control. In the study, 281 critically ill children with BSI were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 328 strains were detected, including gram-positive bacteria (223, 67.99%), mainly including coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), gram-negative bacteria (91, 27.74%), fungi (14, 4.27%). There were 243 cases of single pathogen infection and 38 cases of mixed pathogen infection. Mixed infection can prolong the hospitalization time of patients. There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in age, lengths of hospital stay, types of pathogenic bacteria and basic diseases (P<0.05). Compared with CNS, Staphylococcus aureus had lower resistance rates to some β-lactamides and sulfonamides antibiotics. The resistance rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae to macrolide was more than 95%. Enterococcus faecium had a high resistance rate to penicillin. Compared with Escherichia coli, the proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was higher producing by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and its resistance to some β-lactamides, quinolones antibiotics were lower. The resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to various antibiotics were higher than 75%, but the resistance rates to levofloxacin and minocycline were low. Pseudomonas aeruginosawas 100% sensitive to some quinolones and aminoglycosides antibiotics. A total of 27 common multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria were detected, among which carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) accounted for the highest proportion (13, 48.15%). CNS was the principal pathogen of BSI in the ICU of children, and Escherichia coli was the most common gram-negative pathogen. Low age group, long or short lengths of hospital stay, gram-positive and negative pathogen infection and serious basic diseases were the risk factors leading to the death of patients. It is necessary to continuously monitor patients with positive blood culture, pay special attention to the detected MDR bacteria, and strengthen the application management of antibiotics and the prevention and control of nosocomial infection.
Implementation strategies, facilitators, and barriers to scaling up and sustaining demand generation in family planning, a mixed-methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Nabhan Ashraf , Kabra Rita , Kiarie James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Objectives

The aim of this study is to systematically review the impact of demand generation to scale up family planning, the facilitators for and barriers to demand generation activities.

Search methods

We will search the following electronic bibliographic databases (from inception to 15th October 2022): MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Global Index Medicus, World Health Organization. We will also search gray literature using the search engines and websites of relevant organizations. We will hand search citations in included articles. We will contact experts and groups of scientists in the field for relevant reports.

Selection criteria

We will include published and unpublished reports (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) on family planning demand generation strategies. We will include studies conducted in any country, language, and publication date. We will not exclude studies based on methodological limitations.

Data collection and analysis

We will assess abstracts, titles and full-text papers according to the inclusion criteria. We will include reports that met the inclusion criteria. We will extract information, such as country, country's economic status (low-, middle-, or high-income), study type and design. We will extract the demand generation strategies mentioned in each study, the target of the demand generation activity, implementation outcome evaluated in each study, and barriers and facilitators. We will use a deductive thematic synthesis process. We will use GRADE-CERQual to assess our confidence in the findings

Results

This is a protocol of a mixed methods review. The review will include Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed methods primary studies from all countries of all regions whether high or Low-Minddle income countries. We will report the risk of bias in the included studies. We will summarize strategies of scaling-up demand generation for family planning and the barriers and facilitators that influence these strategies.

Discussion

The results of the review will be disseminated and can contribute to the development of guidance and programmatic tools for planning, implementing, and evaluating demand generation interventions in family planning.
Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s Lymphoma: A case report and updated review.
Authors: Pita Olivia Blanco , Hernández Carlos L Pérez , Díaz Leandro Moya 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s lymphomas are uncommon diseases with tendency to affect the facial midline. Theses neoplasms develops an angiocentric grow patron with necrosis. It is endemic to East Asia and Central and South America and is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus.
Case:
Here we present an Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s lymphoma in a 21 years old male presenting fiver, nasal obstruction, weight loss and swelling of the cygomatic arch. Accompanied with tumoural infiltration, destruction of the palate and purulent secretion through the left eye.
Conclusion
Even when Extranodal Natural Killers/T Cell´s lymphoma is an uncommon disease it has an aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis and survival. Thus, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of nasal or paranasal swelling.
THE PROBLEMS OF MODERNITY DUE TO THE CRISIS OF THE SPIRITUAL DIMENSION
Authors: Dyshkant Tetiana 
Published: December 2022

The article examines what are the essential characteristics of a person and his activities, such as spirit and spirituality. It is determined that the concept of «spirt» has a twofold meaning - in the case of direct correlation with a person, we are talking about it as an immanently inherent rational will that ensures the desire for transformation oneself and the world. If we talk about activity, then the spirit acts as its idea, that is, as something that does not allow us to reduce activity to simple functionality. In connection with the revealed dual possibility of the orientation of the spirit, spirituality is defined as the orientation of a person to the highest values, which are usually referred to as good, truth, beauty, freedom and justice, that is, what defines humanity in a person.
Due to the fact that the spirit, spirituality is something that escapes procedural rationality, in the modern super-pragmatic world, they believe that nothing will be lost if they get rid of such «useless» aspects of the person and his being. The article analyses whether this is the case. The possible consequences of further neutral or negative attitudes towards existential entities such as spirit and spirituality are evaluated. The problem is illustrated by John B. Calhoun's famous psychological experiment «Universe 25». By analogy, it turned out that the consumer society, stuck at the level of satisfaction of material needs, is fragmented and degenerates into a set of individuals who have lost the social and spiritual components of the human essence.
MACROFLUCTUATIONS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF GLOBAL TURBULENCE AND HYBRID WARS
Authors: Herasina Liudmyla , Trebin Mikhail , Volianska Olena 
Published: December 2022

This article carries out the phenomenological research of the “international system” through methodological synthesis. Features and various types of this system are critically organized. The transitive type and character of the modern global system of “disbalance and mutual equilibriums” fluctuating within the vectors of unipolarity and multipolarity in the conditions of competition of centers of global influence with different capacities (the USA, the EU, China and Japan, the Russian Federation, the leaders of the Middle East) is substantiated. Article explores “geopolitical shifts” as factors that have created the global turbulence and macro fluctuations of the transitional international system. Hybrid wars became one of the most destabilizing factors of the contemporary international system, fostering its turbulence. The article proves that the hybrid war is a combination of the partisan and civil war, as well as rebellion and terrorism.