bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Colonization and Proliferation in Primary Molars following the Use of the Hall Technique: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study
Authors: Elbahary Shlomo , Aharonian Shiran , Azem Hanaa , Peretz Benjamin , Mostinski Olga , Blumer Sigalit 
Published: February 2023

Restorative dentistry aims to create a favorable environment to arrest caries with minimal operative intervention. The Hall technique (HT) involves the seating and cementation of stainless steel crowns (SSC) on primary molars without any tooth preparation, caries removal, or local anesthesia. In this manner, it entombs bacteria and arrests caries’ progress. We compared bacterial distribution and quantity among primary molars affected with caries and restored with SSC using the HT (n = 10), the conventional technique (CT; n = 10), or not restored at all (control; n = 10). The teeth were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis to mimic the clinical situation in the oral cavity and then incubated for 21 days. They were then cut mesiodistally and evaluated with confocal laser scanning microscopy. Total bacterial load (live + dead) in the mesial and distal areas of the crown showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.711), but there were significantly more dead than live bacteria in the CT and control groups versus the HT group (p = 0.0274 and p = 0.0483, respectively). Inside the pulp chamber and the crown area, the total bacterial load was significantly higher in the HT compared to the CT group (p < 0.001). Significantly more dead than live bacteria were observed in all tooth areas treated with the HT (p = 0.0169). Bacterial penetration depth was significantly correlated with bacterial load (p = 0.0167). In conclusion, although more bacteria were present in teeth that had undergone the HT versus those treated with the CT, they were mainly unviable. Additionally, the CT and the HT showed a similar performance in terms of marginal leakage, indicating that complete caries removal is not essential to achieve good sealing.
The Mushroom Glucans: Molecules of High Biological and Medicinal Importance
Authors: Vetter János 
Published: February 2023

Carbohydrates, including polysaccharide macromolecules, are the main constituents of the fungal cell wall. Among these, the homo- or heteropolymeric glucan molecules are decisive, as they not only protect fungal cells but also have broad, positive biological effects on the animal and human bodies. In addition to the beneficial nutritional properties of mushrooms (mineral elements, favorable proteins, low fat and energy content, pleasant aroma, and flavor), they have a high glucan content. Folk medicine (especially in the Far East) used medicinal mushrooms based on previous experience. At the end of the 19th century, but mainly since the middle of the 20th century, progressively more scientific information has been published. Glucans from mushrooms are polysaccharides that contain sugar chains, sometimes of only one kind (glucose), sometimes having several monosaccharide units, and they have two (α and β) anomeric forms (isomers). Their molecular weights range from 104 to 105 Da, and rarely 106 Da. X-ray diffraction studies were the first to determine the triple helix configuration of some glucans. It seems that the existence and integrity of the triple helix structure are criteria for their biological effects. Different glucans can be isolated from different mushroom species, and several glucan fractions can be obtained. The biosynthesis of glucans takes place in the cytoplasm, the processes of initiation and then chain extension take place with the help of the glucan synthase enzyme complex (EC 2.4.1.34), and the sugar units are provided by sugar donor UDPG molecules. The two methods used today for glucan determination are the enzymatic and Congo red methods. True comparisons can only be made using the same method. Congo red dye reacts with the tertiary triple helix structure, and the resulting glucan content better reflects the biological value of glucan molecules. The biological effect of β-glucan molecules is proportional to the integrity of the tertiary structure. The glucan contents of the stipe exceed the values of the caps. The glucan levels of individual fungal taxa (including varieties) differ quantitatively and qualitatively. This review presents in more detail the glucans of lentinan (from Lentinula edodes), pleuran (from Pleurotus ostreatus), grifolan (from Grifola frondose), schizophyllan (from Schizophyllum commune), and krestin (from Trametes versicolor), along with their main biological effects.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella and Campylobacter Isolates from Raw Chicken Breasts in Retail Markets in the United States and Comparison to Data from the Plant Level
Authors: Mujahid Sana , Hansen Michael , Miranda Robyn , Newsom-Stewart Keith , Rogers James E. 
Published: February 2023

Chicken is the most popular meat in the United States, and consumers may be exposed to multidrug resistant Salmonella and Campylobacter through consumption of retail chicken breasts. This study aimed to (i) determine the percentage of raw, packaged, retail chicken breasts from 27 metro areas that tested positive for Salmonella and Campylobacter; (ii) investigate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of a subset of the isolates; and (iii) compare the Salmonella prevalence data to establishment level Salmonella categorization data published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (MLG) methodology was used to isolate and identify Salmonella (n = 672), Campylobacter (n = 499) from 400 g samples. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) methodology was followed for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Salmonella (n = 52) and Campylobacter (n = 16) isolates. Salmonella was found in 8.6% of samples and Campylobacter in 4.2%. Having a 3 rating in USDA’s Salmonella Categorization of Individual Establishments for chicken parts was predictive of having a higher Salmonella percent positive in our data set (p ≤ 0.05). A total of 73.1% of Salmonella isolates, and 62.5% of Campylobacter isolates were resistant to ≥one class of antibiotics, with 48.1% of Salmonella isolates resistant to ≥three classes. Current results support interventions that take a ‘farm-to-fork’ approach with distinction by poultry types and parts as well as serovars, to lower antibiotic resistant Salmonella infections in humans due to poultry. Highlights: Salmonella was found in 8.6% and Campylobacter in 4.2% of chicken breasts tested; A 3 rating by USDA was predictive of a higher Salmonella percent positive; 48.1% of Salmonella isolates were resistant to 3 or more classes of antibiotics.
Investigation of Microplastics in Surface Water and Estuarine Mullet Mugil cephalus from 23 Estuary Areas, South China
Authors: Zhang Chaonan , Wang Shaodan , Sun Di , Pan Zhengkun , Zou Jixing 
Published: February 2023

Microplastics, which are defined as small plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have been found in various aquatic environments all over the world. In this study, we investigated the level of microplastics in the surface water and estuarine mullet Mugil cephalus from 23 estuary areas in the south of China. M. cephalus, due to its wide distribution and high tolerance, was selected as a candidate fish species for monitoring the ingestion of marine microplastics. The size, color, and type of all microplastics were recorded from the water and fish samples by stereomicroscope. The average abundance of microplastics was 18,261 items/m3 in the surface water, and 7.2 items/individual in fish. These alarming numbers revealed significant pollution due to microplastics in the environment. Fragments and minute-sized particles were the most common features found in both the water and the fish samples. Some impurities in the water sample were easily confused with microplastics, but regular forms on the surface of the impurity could be distinguished by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The shape, color, and size of the microplastics in the fish and water samples were similar, which suggested that the microplastics in the water might enter the organisms’ body, thereby affecting the health of aquatic species and even humans. Based on these findings, it is highly recommended that the monitoring and managing of pollution due to microplastics be addressed in the estuaries.
Challenges experienced by GPs when providing palliative care in the UK: a systematic qualitative literature review
Authors: Jones Rachelle , Dale Jeremy , MacArtney John 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundGPs in the UK will face increased palliative care demands in the coming years. Understanding what makes providing palliative care difficult for GPs is an important step to planning future services, but currently there is an absence of synthesised literature addressing this area.AimTo identify the range of issues that affect GPs’ provision of palliative care.Design & settingA qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis of studies exploring GPs’ experiences of providing palliative care in the UK.MethodFour databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL [Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature]) were searched on 1 June 2022 to identify relevant primary qualitative literature published between 2008 and 2022.ResultsTwelve articles were included in the review. The following four themes were identified that affect GPs’ experiences of providing palliative care: lack of resources to support palliative care provision; fragmented multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach; challenging communication with patients and carers; and inadequate training to address the complexities of palliative care. Pressures caused by increasing workloads and a lack of staffing combined with difficulty accessing specialist teams impeded GPs’ provision of palliative care. Further challenges were deficiencies in GP training, and a lack of patient understanding or unwillingness to engage in palliative care discussions.ConclusionA multifaceted approach focusing on increased resources, improved training, and a seamless interface between services, including improved access to specialist palliative teams when necessary, is needed to address the difficulties that GPs face in palliative care. Regular in-house MDT discussion of palliative cases and exploration of community resources could generate a supportive environment for GPs.
Implantable AC-driven CMOS chip for distributed multichip retinal prosthesis capable of high-rate stimulation
Authors: Nakanishi Yuki , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Siwadamrongpong Ronnakorn , Shodo Kenzo , Terasawa Yasuo , Takehara Hironari , Haruta Makito , Tashiro Hiroyuki , Ohta Jun 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Implantable retinal prostheses are stimulation devices used to compensate for the light sensitivity loss of retinal cells. In this study, we propose and demonstrate a novel method to significantly reduce the setting time for the stimulation conditions of a retinal prosthesis chip capable of multi-electrode stimulation. The efficiency of the control method is increased while using only two wires, as in our previous work. The chip comprises an 8 bit ID and 7 electrodes, and the stimulation current value can be set from 50 to 1550 μA. The fabricated chip requires only 32 pulses to set the stimulation conditions, which is approximately 1/65 of that of our previous chip. Furthermore, it is equipped with a complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor rectifier to enable it to be driven by a rectangular AC power supply. The effectiveness of the chip is demonstrated by setting the stimulation conditions at approximately 18 μs per electrode at a clock frequency of 2.3 MHz.
The addition of Curcuma Xanthorriza to Vitamin D3 supplementation did not affect fatigue and cytokines in lupus patients with hypovitaminosis D
Authors: Wahono Cesarius Singgih , Saveria Irene , Kalim Handono , Handono Kusworini 
Published: February 2023

Background: Seventy percent of Lupus patients in Indonesia have hypovitaminosis D. Curcumin is a novel VDR ligand and has synergic effects with vitamin D.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Curcuma xanthorriza addition to vitamin D3 supplementation on fatigue, serum IL-6, TGF- ?1, and to study the correlation between fatigue, serum IL-6 and TGF-?1 in lupus patients with hypovitaminosis D.
Methods: This was a double blind randomized controlled trial involving 40 SLE patients with hypovitaminosis D (vitamin D<30 ng/ml). The first group consisted of 20 patients who received Cholecalciferol 1200 IU/day and placebo, and the other group received Cholecalciferol 1200 IU/day and Curcuma xanthorriza 60 mg/day. The subjects were followed up at the end of 3 months. Fatigue were measured by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Visual Analogue Scale-Fatigue (VAS-F). Vitamin D, serum IL-6 and TGF-?1 were measured by ELISA.
Result: There was no significant difference between the decrease of FSS (p = 0.300) and VAS-F score (p = 0.085) in curcuma Vs placebo groups, respectively. The decrease of IL-6 (p = 0.061) and increase of TGF-?1 (p = 0.261) in curcuma Vs placebo group also did not differ significantly. There was no correlation between fatigue and IL-6 [FSS, r=0.255, p=0.117], [VAS, r=0.086, p=0.625], also between fatigue and TGF-?1 [FSS, r=0.127, p=0.441], [VAS-F, r=0.510, p=0.109].
Conclusion: The addition of Curcuma xanthorriza had no significant effect on fatigue and alteration of IL-6, as well as TGF-?1 serum. There were no correlations between fatigue, IL-6 and TGF-?1 serum.
Hubungan antara rasio netrofil limfosit terhadap kematian pasien delirium geriatri di RSUP Sanglah: Studi kohort prospektif
Authors: Abigail Nirmala Dewi , Astika Nyoman , Kuswardhani RA Tuty , Aryana I Gusti Putu Suka , Putrawan Ida Bagus Putu , Purnami Ni Ketut Rai 
Published: February 2023

Latar Belakang: Delirium merupakan suatu kumpulan gejala neuropsikiatrik yang sering terjadi pada geriatri di rumah sakit dengan gejala yang berubah-ubah sehingga seringkali diagnosis terlambat dan mengakibatkan penanganan terlambat sehingga meningkatkan angka kematian.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara rasio netrofil limfosit (RNL) terhadap kematian pasien delirium geriatri di RSUP Sanglah.
Metode: Studi ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan rancangan penelitian kohort prospektif. Diagnosis delirium menggunakan penilaian Confusion Assessment Method. Rasio netrofil-limfosit diukur dengan cara membagi kadar netrofil dan limfosit absolut. Dilakukan perhitungan rerata RNL dan limfosit serta perbandingan rerata pada kelompok penyintas dan kematian. Nilai potong RNL didapat dengan menggunakan kurva ROC dan dikategorikan menjadi tinggi dan rendah, selanjutnya dilakukan uji chi-square. Nilai kesintasan median dihitung pada masing-masing kelompok dan analisis cox regresi untuk mengukur hazard ratio.
Hasil: Sebanyak 73 pasien delirium terdiri dari 38 perempuan dan 35 laki-laki dengan rata-rata usia adalah 73,49 tahun. Kelompok yang meninggal pada penelitian ini sebesar 48 orang dan penyintas 25 orang. Rerata RNL pada kelompok yang meninggal lebih tinggi sebesar 15,64. Secara bivariat diperoleh hubungan yang bermakna antara RNL terhadap kematian geriatric delirium dengan RR 2,47 (95% CI: 1,11-5,46, p=0,014). Berdasarkan analisis regresi Cox proportional model, subjek dengan hasil RNL tinggi akan mengalami peningkatan mortalitas sebanyak hampir 2,5 kali lebih tinggi (Cox HR 2,46; 95% IK 1,03 – 5,90; p=0.044).
Simpulan: Nilai RNL yang tinggi memiliki hubungan terhadap kematian delirium geriatri. Subjek dengan hasil RNL tinggi akan mengalami peningkatan mortalitas sebanyak hampir 2,5 kali lebih tinggi.
End-to-end unsupervised clustering neural networks for image clustering
Authors: Li HuaShun , Li JingZhao , Zhu Meng 
Published: February 2023

<p>In this paper, we propose a new clustering module that can be trained jointly with existing neural network layers. Specifically, we have designed a generic clustering module with a competitive update mechanism. The module consists of a Gaussian unit and a maximum pooling layer. The Gaussian unit forward propagation conforms to the joint Gaussian distribution and contains two sets of trainable parameters. It requires no tedious setup and has a plug-and-play feature. To improve the representation capability of the network, we used an auto-encoder to extract the hidden semantics of the input features and combined the clustering module with the auto-encoder to construct an end-to-end unsupervised clustering neural network. We refer to this as HGL_CAE(High-dimensional Gaussian distribution layers combined with convolutional autoencoders).The network is highly adaptable to different input feature dimensions and can cope with situations where the number of clusters cannot be determined in advance. We conducted experiments on the MNIST dataset and the Fashion_MNIST dataset with a clustering accuracy of 93.38% and 72.83% respectively. It is highly competitive with existing methods. </p>
IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF OPERATING SYSTEMS
Authors: Сбитнев Александр Васильевич , Горбунов Артем Вадимович 
Published: February 2023

Настоящая статья посвящена актуальным вопросам обновления операционных систем в связи с растущим количеством кибератак.
This article is devoted to topical issues of updating operating systems in connection with the growing number of cyber attacks.
DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS OF THE FREE PORT OF VLADIVOSTOK NOWADAYS
Authors: Прокопенко Анастасия Александровна , Хмелева Галина Анатольевна 
Published: February 2023

В данной статье рассматривается деятельность свободного порта Владивосток, динамика его деятельности, а также основные проблемы, возникшие при реализации проекта СПВ.
This article discusses the activities of the free port of Vladivostok, the dynamics of its activities, as well as the main problems that arose during the implementation of the free port of Vladivostok.
METHODS FOR PREVENTING SOCIAL DISADAPTATION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN IN AN EDUCATIONAL SETTING
Authors: Петрова Светлана Сергеевна , Лагунова Наталья Александровна 
Published: February 2023

В данной статье рассматривается проблема социальной дезадаптации детей дошкольного возраста как фактор интеграции личности в социум. Анализируется многозначность термина «дезадаптация», характеризуются ее основные причины, специфика проявления в дошкольном возрасте, а также представляются факторы и условия, способствующие профилактике процесса дезадаптации детей дошкольного возраста.
This article deals with the problem of social disadaptation of preschool children as a factor of personality integration into society. The article analyzes the multiple meanings of the term "desadaptation", characterizes its main causes, specifics of its manifestation at preschool age, and also presents factors and conditions contributing to the prevention of the process of desadaptation of preschool children.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPORTS ON THE FORMATION OF PATRIOTIC VALUES OF YOUNG MEN
Authors: Тищенко Роман Владимирович 
Published: February 2023

В статье рассмотрены вопросы влияния физической культуры и спорта на патриотическое воспитание юношей, занимающихся в спортивных объединениях. Установлено, что проблема формирования патриотических ценностей молодых людей должна рассматриваться сквозь призму служения Отечеству. Автором предложены условия, способствующие повышению результативности процесса формирования патриотических ценностей у подростков мужского пола.
The article considers the issues of the influence of physical culture and sports on the patriotic education of young men engaged in sports associations. It established that the problem of the formation of patriotic values of young people should be considered through the prism of service to the Fatherland. The author suggests conditions that contribute to improving the effectiveness of the process of forming patriotic values in male adolescents.
TEACHERS' READINESS TO USE ONLINE SERVICES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
Authors: Куренкова Татьяна Николаевна 
Published: February 2023

В статье акцентировано внимание на совокупности компонентов, составляющих методическую готовность педагогов к использованию онлайн сервисов в образовании. В статье представлены сравнительные результаты входной и промежуточной диагностик готовности педагогов образовательных учреждений города Нефтеюганска к работе в цифровой образовательной среде. На основе данных результатов входной диагностики предложены мероприятия, направленные на формирование цифровой компетентности педагогов.
The article focuses on the set of components that make up the methodological readiness of teachers to use online services in education. The article presents comparative results of input and intermediate diagnostics of the readiness of teachers of educational institutions of the city of Nefteyugansk to work in a digital educational environment. Based on these results of input diagnostics, measures aimed at the formation of digital competence of teachers are proposed.
METHODS AND MODELS OF IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC EDUCATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Ткачёва Александра Васильевна , Тасуева Иман Лемаевна 
Published: February 2023

В нашей научной работе мы попытались рассмотреть особенность и качество оказываемой образовательной услуги на примере эффективного управления и реализации государственной политики. Нами были рассмотрены и предложены модели способствующие высокому результату в образовании.
In our scientific work, we tried to consider the peculiarity and quality of the educational service provided by the example of effective management and implementation of state policy. We have considered and proposed models that contribute to high results in education.
THE POSSIBILITY OF OBTAINING SPECIAL CEMENTS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Никитина Мария Анатольевна , Борисов Иван Николаевич 
Published: February 2023

В статье рассмотрена возможность получения специальных видов цемента на основе природных и техногенных материалов. Приведены особенности фазообразования при высокотемпературном синтезе клинкерных минералов.
The article considers the possibility of obtaining special types of cement based on natural and man-made materials. The features of phase formation in the high-temperature synthesis of clinker minerals are given.
Combining social cues in attention: Looking at gaze, head, and pointing cues
Authors: Lu Zhifan , van Zoest Wieske 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial cues bias covert spatial attention. In most previous work the impact of different social cues, such as the gaze, head, and pointing cue, has been investigated using separated cues or making one cue explicitly task relevant in response-interference tasks. In the present study we created a novel cartoon figure in which unpredictive gaze and head and pointing cues could be combined to study their impact on spatial attention. In Experiment 1, gaze and pointing cues were either presented alone or together. When both cues were present, they were always directed to the same location. In Experiment 2, gaze and pointing cues were either directed to the same location (aligned) or directed to different locations (conflicted). Experiment 3 was like Experiment 2, except that the pointing cue was tested alongside a head-direction cue. The results of Experiment 1 showed that the effect of the gaze cue was reliably smaller than the pointing cue, and an aligned gaze cue did not have an additive benefit for performance. In Experiments 2 and 3, performance was determined by the pointing cue, regardless of where they eyes were looking, or the head was directed. The present results demonstrated a strong dominance of the pointing cue over the other cues. The child-friendly stimuli present a versatile way to study the impact of the combination of social cues, which may further benefit developmental research in social attention, and research in populations whose members might have atypical social attention.