bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional citizenship regimes from within: unpacking divergent perceptions of the ECOWAS citizenship regime
Authors: Weinrich Amalie Ravn 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the Economic Community of West African States’ (ECOWAS) citizenship regime by investigating the institutional perceptions of five departments of the ECOWAS Commission. Creating a citizenship regime has been a central objective of the organisation's institutional framework but previous research has refrained from examining its multiplicity. The paper uses the concept of citizenship regime consisting of the dimensions rights, access, belonging and responsibility mix as the conceptual lens and draws on institutional documents and primary data from interviews conducted at the ECOWAS Commission. The paper contributes to current debates in citizenship studies and African regionalism and the literature on supra-national citizenship building, regional integration and governance research in Africa and elsewhere. The empirical data show that movement is central to the ECOWAS citizenship regime, whether formulated in terms of a right, as a way to facilitate access, or a way to establish a sense of regional belonging.
Theta and alpha activity are differentially associated with physiological and rating scale measures of affective processing in adolescents with but not without ADHD
Authors: Takács Mária , Tóth Brigitta , Szalárdy Orsolya , Bunford Nóra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlthough atypical theta and alpha activity may be biomarkers of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) outcomes such as atypical affective processing and attention, the exact nature of the relations of these characteristics is unknown. We examined in age- and sex-matched adolescents (N = 132; Mage = 14.944, years, SD = .802) with and without ADHD, whether resting state (RS) theta and alpha power or theta and alpha event-related synchronization (ERS) during affect regulation (1) differ between adolescents with and without ADHD; (2) are differentially associated with event-related potential (ERP) and parent- and self-report measures of affective processing and inattention, given ADHD status and sex, and (3) are differentially lateralized, given ADHD status and sex. Adolescents with ADHD exhibited lower RS frontal-midline alpha power than adolescents without ADHD. In adolescents with ADHD, right parietal theta ERS was positively associated with the ERP measure of elaborate affective/motivational processing and right parietal RS alpha power was negatively associated with self-reported positive affectivity. In adolescents without ADHD, associations were nonsignificant. There was no disassociation of theta and alpha activity with affective processing and inattention. Consistent with clinical impressions, the between-group difference in frontal-midline theta ERS was more marked in boys than girls.
On the size-Ramsey number of grids
Authors: Conlon David , Nenadov Rajko , Trujić Miloš 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe show that the size-Ramsey number of the
$\sqrt{n} \times \sqrt{n}$
grid graph is
$O(n^{5/4})$
, improving a previous bound of
$n^{3/2 + o(1)}$
by Clemens, Miralaei, Reding, Schacht, and Taraz.
The artificial uterus: on the way to ectogenesis
Authors: Bulletti Francesco Maria , Sciorio Romualdo , Palagiano Antonio , Bulletti Carlo 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe inability to support the growth and development of a mature fetus up to delivery results in significant human suffering. Current available solutions include adoption, surrogacy, and uterus transplantation. However, these options are subject to several ethical, religious, economic, social, and medical concerns. Ectogenesis is the process in which an embryo develops in an artificial uterus from implantation through to the delivery of a live infant. This current narrative review summarizes the state of recent research focused on human ectogenesis. First, a literature search was performed to identify published reports of previous experiments and devices used for embryo implantation in an extracorporeally perfused human uterus. Furthermore, studies fitting that aim were selected and critically evaluated. Results were synthesized, interpreted, and used to design a prospective strategy for future research. Therefore, this study suggests that full ectogenesis might be obtained using a computer-controlled system with extracorporeal blood perfusion provided by a digitally controlled heart–lung–kidney system. From a clinical perspective, patients who will derive significant benefits from this technology are mainly those women diagnosed with anatomical abnormalities of the uterus and those who have undergone previous hysterectomies, numerous abortions, and experienced premature birth. Ectogenesis is the complete development of an embryo in an artificial uterus. It represents the solutions for millions of women suffering from premature deliveries, and the inability to supply growth and development of embryos/fetuses in the womb. In the future, ectogenesis might replace uterine transplantation and surrogacy.
Knowledge-based Reasoning and Learning under Partial Observability in Ad Hoc Teamwork
Authors: DODAMPEGAMA HASRA , SRIDHARAN MOHAN 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAd hoc teamwork (AHT) refers to the problem of enabling an agent to collaborate with teammates without prior coordination. State of the art methods in AHT are data-driven, using a large labeled dataset of prior observations to model the behavior of other agent types and to determine the ad hoc agent’s behavior. These methods are computationally expensive, lack transparency, and make it difficult to adapt to previously unseen changes. Our recent work introduced an architecture that determined an ad hoc agent’s behavior based on non-monotonic logical reasoning with prior commonsense domain knowledge and models learned from limited examples to predict the behavior of other agents. This paper describes KAT, a knowledge-driven architecture for AHT that substantially expands our prior architecture’s capabilities to support: (a) online selection, adaptation, and learning of the behavior prediction models; and (b) collaboration with teammates in the presence of partial observability and limited communication. We illustrate and experimentally evaluate KAT’s capabilities in two simulated benchmark domains for multiagent collaboration: Fort Attack and Half Field Offense. We show that KAT’s performance is better than a purely knowledge-driven baseline, and comparable with or better than a state of the art data-driven baseline, particularly in the presence of limited training data, partial observability, and changes in team composition.
The Politicization of COVID-19 and Anti-Asian Racism in the United States: An Experimental Approach
Authors: Kim D.G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe deadly outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has accompanied a worldwide surge in anti-Asian hate crimes and racial violence. In this paper, I experimentally assess the downstream effects of the health crisis on the racial attitudes of the American public. Survey respondents were randomly assigned to different messages about COVID-19 and its association with China and answered a battery of racial attitude questions, including a new measure of anti-Asian racial resentment. Across all outcome measures, I find null effects for both treatment messages, which suggests that racialized views toward Asians may be stable individual-level dispositions that have shaped American responses to the pandemic. Findings from this study have important implications for research on the far-reaching societal and political consequences of the pandemic in the United States and beyond.
Discharge, Groundwater Gradients, and Streambed Micro‐Topography Control the Temporal Dynamics of Transient Storage in a Headwater Reach
Authors: Bonanno Enrico , Blöschl Günter , Klaus Julian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractContradictory interpretations of transient storage modeling (TSM) results of past studies hamper the understanding of how hydrologic conditions control solute transport in streams. To address this issue, we conduct 30 instantaneous tracer experiments in the Weierbach stream, Luxembourg. Using an iterative modeling approach, we calibrate TSM parameters and assess their identifiability across various hydrologic conditions. Near‐stream groundwater monitoring wells and LIDAR scans of the streambed are used to evaluate the area of the hyporheic zone and of the submerged sediments for each experiment. Our findings show that increasing discharge enhances parameters interaction requiring more samples of TSM parameters to obtain identifiable results. Our results also indicate that transient storage at the study site is influenced by in‐stream and hyporheic exchange processes during low discharge, likely due to the hyporheic zone's large extent and the relatively low water level compared to the size of slate fragments on the streambed. However, as discharge increases, in‐stream storage zones become part of the advective channel and the lower localized stream water losses to the adjacent groundwater suggests a decrease of the hyporheic exchange on transient storage. The results obtained were utilized to generate a hydrograph for the study site illustrating the dynamic evolution of in‐stream and hyporheic storage with varying discharge, providing insights into the expected influence of different transient storage processes prior to tracer experiments. Overall, our study enhances the understanding of the role of the hyporheic area and in‐stream storage zones in transient storage and helps estimate TSM parameters more accurately.
Entangling motional atoms and an optical loop at ambient condition
Authors: Pang Xiao-Ling , Zhang Chao-Ni , Dou Jian-Peng , Li Hang , Yang Tian-Huai , Jin Xian-Min 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe observation of quantum entanglement in macroscopic matters has implications in the fundamental studies of quantum mechanics, as well as the implementations of quantum information technologies, such as quantum communication, enhanced sensing, and distributed quantum computing. Here, we report the creation of the heralded entanglement between two different room-temperature quantum memories: a single-photon entangled state delocalized between motional atoms as a collective excitation and an all-optical loop as a flying qubit. The stored entangled state is subsequently retrieved and verified by measuring the nonclassical correlations, quantum interference, and concurrence of the mapped-out photons. Our results show that quantum entanglement can be sustained in macroscopic matters at ambient condition, which enriches the fundamental researches of the transition boundary between quantum and classical worlds. Also, it highlights the potential cooperation between atomic ensembles and all-optical loop as quantum nodes at ambient condition, bringing a significant step towards practical quantum networks.
Radiocarbon evidence for the stability of polar ocean overturning during the Holocene
Authors: Chen Tianyu , Robinson Laura F. , Li Tao , Burke Andrea , Zhang Xu , Stewart Joseph A. , White Nicky J. , Knowles Timothy D. J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProxy-based studies have linked the pre-industrial atmospheric $$p_{{\rm{CO}}_{2}}$$

p

CO

2

rise of ∼20 ppmv in the mid- to late Holocene to an inferred increase in the Southern Ocean overturning and associated biogeochemical changes. However, the history of polar ocean overturning and ventilation through the Holocene remains poorly constrained, leaving important gaps in the assessment of the feedbacks between changes in ocean circulation and the carbon cycle in a warm climate state. The deep-ocean radiocarbon content, which provides a measure of ventilation, responds to circulation changes on centennial to millennial time scales. Here we present absolutely dated deep-sea coral radiocarbon records from the Drake Passage, between South America and Antarctica, and Reykjanes Ridge, south of Iceland, over the Holocene. Our data suggest that ventilation in the Antarctic circumpolar waters and North Atlantic Deep Water is surprisingly invariant within proxy uncertainties at our sampling resolution. Our findings indicate that long-term, large-scale polar ocean overturning has not been disturbed to a level resolvable by radiocarbon and is probably not responsible for the millennial atmosphere $$p_{{\rm{CO}}_{2}}$$

p

CO

2

evolution through the Holocene. Instead, continuous nutrient and carbon redistribution within the water column following deglaciation, as well as changes in land organic carbon stock, might have regulated atmospheric CO2 budget during this period.
d-amino acids signal a stress-dependent run-away response in Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Irazoki Oihane , ter Beek Josy , Alvarez Laura , Mateus André , Colin Remy , Typas Athanasios , Savitski Mikhail M. , Sourjik Victor , Berntsson Ronnie P.-A. , Cava Felipe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo explore favourable niches while avoiding threats, many bacteria use a chemotaxis navigation system. Despite decades of studies on chemotaxis, most signals and sensory proteins are still unknown. Many bacterial species release d-amino acids to the environment; however, their function remains largely unrecognized. Here we reveal that d-arginine and d-lysine are chemotactic repellent signals for the cholera pathogen Vibrio cholerae. These d-amino acids are sensed by a single chemoreceptor MCPDRK co-transcribed with the racemase enzyme that synthesizes them under the control of the stress-response sigma factor RpoS. Structural characterization of this chemoreceptor bound to either d-arginine or d-lysine allowed us to pinpoint the residues defining its specificity. Interestingly, the specificity for these d-amino acids appears to be restricted to those MCPDRK orthologues transcriptionally linked to the racemase. Our results suggest that d-amino acids can shape the biodiversity and structure of complex microbial communities under adverse conditions.
Multiscale analysis of pangenomes enables improved representation of genomic diversity for repetitive and clinically relevant genes
Authors: Chin Chen-Shan , Behera Sairam , Khalak Asif , Sedlazeck Fritz J. , Sudmant Peter H. , Wagner Justin , Zook Justin M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdvancements in sequencing technologies and assembly methods enable the regular production of high-quality genome assemblies characterizing complex regions. However, challenges remain in efficiently interpreting variation at various scales, from smaller tandem repeats to megabase rearrangements, across many human genomes. We present a PanGenome Research Tool Kit (PGR-TK) enabling analyses of complex pangenome structural and haplotype variation at multiple scales. We apply the graph decomposition methods in PGR-TK to the class II major histocompatibility complex demonstrating the importance of the human pangenome for analyzing complicated regions. Moreover, we investigate the Y-chromosome genes, DAZ1/DAZ2/DAZ3/DAZ4, of which structural variants have been linked to male infertility, and X-chromosome genes OPN1LW and OPN1MW linked to eye disorders. We further showcase PGR-TK across 395 complex repetitive medically important genes. This highlights the power of PGR-TK to resolve complex variation in regions of the genome that were previously too complex to analyze.
Kinematic coordinations capture learning during human–exoskeleton interaction
Authors: Ghonasgi Keya , Mirsky Reuth , Bhargava Nisha , Haith Adrian M. , Stone Peter , Deshpande Ashish D. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHuman–exoskeleton interactions have the potential to bring about changes in human behavior for physical rehabilitation or skill augmentation. Despite significant advances in the design and control of these robots, their application to human training remains limited. The key obstacles to the design of such training paradigms are the prediction of human–exoskeleton interaction effects and the selection of interaction control to affect human behavior. In this article, we present a method to elucidate behavioral changes in the human–exoskeleton system and identify expert behaviors correlated with a task goal. Specifically, we observe the joint coordinations of the robot, also referred to as kinematic coordination behaviors, that emerge from human–exoskeleton interaction during learning. We demonstrate the use of kinematic coordination behaviors with two task domains through a set of three human-subject studies. We find that participants (1) learn novel tasks within the exoskeleton environment, (2) demonstrate similarity of coordination during successful movements within participants, (3) learn to leverage these coordination behaviors to maximize success within participants, and (4) tend to converge to similar coordinations for a given task strategy across participants. At a high level, we identify task-specific joint coordinations that are used by different experts for a given task goal. These coordinations can be quantified by observing experts and the similarity to these coordinations can act as a measure of learning over the course of training for novices. The observed expert coordinations may further be used in the design of adaptive robot interactions aimed at teaching a participant the expert behaviors.
Lectin histochemistry of posterior lingual glands of developing rats
Authors: Harada Kazuma , Miki Koji , Tanaka Susumu , Kogo Mikihiko , Wakisaka Satoshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe posterior lingual glands are classified as Weber and von Ebner glands. Glycans play an important role in salivary glands. Although the distribution of glycans can explain functional diversity and variation, there are many unknowns in the developing rat posterior lingual glands. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the development and function of the posterior lingual gland in rats by histochemical analysis using lectins that bind to sugar residues. In adult rats, Arachis hypogaea (PNA), Glycine maximus (SBA), and Triticum vulgaris (WGA) were associated with serous cells and Dolichos biflorus (DBA) with mucous cells. In both Weber's and von Ebner's glands, all 4 lectins were bound to serous cells in early development, but as development progressed, DBA disappeared in serous cells and only the DBA remained in mucous cells. These results suggest that Galβ (1,3) > Galβ(1,4) > Gal, αGalNAc > αGal > βGalNAc, NeuAc > (GalNAc)2–3>>>GlcNAc, and GalNAcα(1,3) are present in the early stage of development, but that GalNAcα(1,3) disappear in serous cells and only GalNAcα(1,3) are localized in mucous cells after maturation. These results indicate that Weber glands function as serous glands in the early postnatal stage when von Ebner glands have not matured.
Effect of mineralogical variations on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of granitic rocks
Authors: Lasheen El Saeed R. , Rashwan Mohammed A. , Azer Mokhles K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to explain the geochemical and mineralogical details of the granitic rock types in Gabal EL-Faliq area, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, in relation to geotechnical engineering and their suitability as dimension stones. The objective of the current research was achieved through two steps; the first step involved geological studies such as the petrographic, geochemical, and mineralogical investigations. The second and applicable step involved the geotechnical assessment of the studied rocks by measuring their engineering properties such as physical, mechanical, and thermal expansion properties. The petrographic investigation revealed that the studied granitic rocks are divided into two main classes: (1) gneissose granites (Biotite–Perthite) of medium to fine-grained size and (2) alkali-feldspar granites of coarse to medium-grained size. Mineralogically, the studied rocks are composed mainly of albite, orthoclase and quartz in varying proportions, along with some accessory minerals such as apatite and rutile in addition to some minor quantities of iron-group minerals such as hematite and ilmenite. The engineering properties showed that the maximum water absorption and apparent porosity values are 0.34% and 0.77%, respectively, while the minimum bulk density is 2604.03 kg/m3. The compressive strength ranges from 999.68 to 2469.10 kg/cm2, while the abrasion resistance varies from 29.67 to 54.64 Ha. The increase in albite content led to an increase in water absorption while a decrease in bulk density and compressive strength. The increase in the grain size led to an increase in apparent porosity and a decrease in mechanical properties. A Great variation in the expansion coefficient as well as the length change, occurs under changes in temperature, mineral composition, and physical properties. The increase in heating temperatures caused an insignificant increase in linear thermal expansion with a maximum value of 0.0385% at 100 °C. These results indicated the suitability of the studied granites as dimension stones for use in indoor and outdoor decorative purposes (cladding/paving) under variable temperature conditions.
Exploring room temperature spin transport under band gap opening in bilayer graphene
Authors: Anderson Christopher R. , Natera-Cordero Noel , Guarochico-Moreira Victor H. , Grigorieva Irina V. , Vera-Marun Ivan J. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe study the room-temperature electrical control of charge and spin transport in high-quality bilayer graphene, fully encapsulated with hBN and contacted via 1D spin injectors. We show that spin transport in this device architecture is measurable at room temperature and its spin transport parameters can be modulated by opening of a band gap via a perpendicular displacement field. The modulation of the spin current is dominated by the control of the spin relaxation time with displacement field, demonstrating the basic operation of a spin-based field-effect transistor.
Gravitational friction from d’Alembert’s principle
Authors: Ortiz C. , Khatiwada Raju S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe least action principle played a central role in the development of modern physics. A major drawback of the principle is that its applicability is limited to holonomic constraints. In the present work, we investigate the energy lost by particles as a result of the gravitational interaction in a homogeneous low-density medium subject to non-holonomic constraints. We perform the calculation for an arbitrary particle and outline the specific result for photons. The energy lost is calculated from first principles based on the principle of virtual work and the d’Alembert principle. Under the formalism mentioned above, the dissipative nature of the effect is established. Furthermore, we show that the results agree with an alternative derivation based on continuum mechanics and the Euler–Cauchy stress principle.
Early Dalmatian farmers specialized in sheep husbandry
Authors: Sierra A. , Balasse M. , Radović S. , Orton D. , Fiorillo D. , Presslee S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe spread of farming in the central and western Mediterranean took place rapidly, linked to the Impressa Ware. The Impressa Ware originated somewhere in the southern Adriatic and spread westwards across the Mediterranean. These early farmers had an economy based on cereal agriculture and caprine husbandry, but there is still little information on how this agropastoral system functioned. This study aims to unravel the farming practices of the early Dalmatian farmers linked to the Impressa culture by using an integrated analysis, combining archaeozoology, palaeoproteomics and stable isotopes, applied to the faunal assemblages of Tinj-Podlivade and Crno Vrilo. The results show: (1) the composition of the flocks was overwhelmingly sheep; (2) sheep exploitation at both sites was similar, focusing on milk and meat; (3) sheep reproduction was concentrated at the beginning of winter, with no reproduction in autumn as in later sites in the western Mediterranean. We conclude that a common animal economy existed at both sites, which could be related to the mobility practiced by these early farming societies throughout the Mediterranean.