bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and early‐stage evaluation of a patient portal to enhance familial communication about hereditary cancer susceptibility testing: A patient‐driven approach
Authors: Pollard Samantha , Weymann Deirdre , Loewen Rosalie , Nuk Jennifer , Sun Sophie , Schrader Kasmintan A. , Hessels Chiquita , Regier Dean A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionGenetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes (HCSs) can improve health outcomes through cancer risk mitigation strategies. Effective communication between tested individuals and their family members is key to reducing the hereditary cancer burden. Our objective was to develop a patient portal to improve familial communication for patients undergoing HCS genetic testing, followed by an early‐phase evaluation.MethodsThe portal was developed following the completion of 25 semistructured interviews with individuals having undergone HCS susceptibility testing at BC Cancer. Following initial development, we recruited patients and healthcare providers to provide critical feedback informing portal refinement. Quantitative feedback was summarized using descriptive statistics, and qualitative feedback was synthesized by two reviewers who engaged in iterative discussion within the research team to prioritize recommendations for integration.ResultsThe patient portal includes four key components consisting of (a) targeted educational information about hereditary cancer and HBOC syndrome associated risks and testing process overview, (b) a general frequently asked questions ‘FAQ’ page informed by the qualitative interviews, patient partner feedback, and consultation with the HCP, (c) guidance to support familial communication including a video developed with a patient partner describing their lived experience navigating the communication process and (d) a series of lay summaries of genetic test findings to support information transfer among family members. Thirteen healthcare providers and seven patients participated in user testing. Domains within which participant recommendations were provided included presentation, educational content and process clarification.ConclusionsThis investigation demonstrates the value of continual integration of patient and provider preferences through the development of tools endeavouring to assist with complex genomics‐informed decision‐making. Our work aims to broaden the population‐wide impact of HCS testing programs by improving communication processes between probands and their potentially affected family members.Patient or Public ContributionThis work involved a patient partner who was actively engaged in all aspects of the research investigation including protocol development, review and editing of all study documentation (including that of the previously published qualitative investigation), interpretation of results, as well as reviewing and editing the manuscript. Patient partners and healthcare professionals were recruited as research participants to provide critical feedback on the patient portal.
Structure and redox ratio of soda‐lime‐silica glasses with high iron oxide concentrations
Authors: Tasheva Tina , Harizanova Ruzha , Mihailova Irena , Cherkezova‐Zheleva Zara , Paneva Daniela , Nedkova Milena , Rüssel Christian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe high temperature synthesis of glasses in the system (100‐x)(0.16Na2O/0.10CaO/0.74SiO2)/xFe2O3, x = 5 ÷ 20 mol% is reported. For Fe2O3 concentrations ≤15 mol%, glasses are formed while the sample with 20 mol% crystallizes during cooling the melt. X‐ray diffraction shows the crystallization of magnetite. The microstructure of the glass‐crystalline sample is investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and two types of iron‐rich crystals corresponding to magnetite and hematite are detected. The refractive indices as determined by the Becke line method are in the 1.567 ‐ 1.639 range and. increase with increasing Fe2O3 concentration. The structure is characterized using Infra‐red spectroscopy. The presence of symmetric stretching, asymmetric stretching and bending vibrations of Si‐O‐Si is detected and attributed to the occurrence of SiO4 tetrahedral units with varying numbers of nonbridging oxygens. Also, the increasing Fe2O3 concentration results in occurrence of Fe‐O‐Si bonds indicating the glass network depolymerization due to Fe2O3 addition. In all samples, the presence of Fe3+ and Fe2+ and the existence of iron ions in tetrahedral and octahedral coordination, as well as a very small amount of Fe0 and the precipitation of hematite and magnetite in the glass‐crystalline sample is revealed by Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Influence of alternating magnetic field on the quality of beef and its protein during cold storage
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Wang Yuan , Zhu Xinpeng , Cui Bo , Yang Na 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMagnetic field is an appropriate physical field, it can be used as a process parameter for the preservation of meat products. In this study, fresh beef was subjected to an alternating magnetic field of 2 mT during cold storage at 4°C, then microbial indicators, physicochemical properties of beef samples and its protein indicators were investigated. The results showed that the alternating magnetic field could inhibit the microbial growth on beef sample, and TVB‐N content, drip loss and characteristic putrefactive amine were lower than the control. The total bacterial count and TVB‐N value of beef samples in the control exceeded the threshold value on the 8th day, respectively, while the samples in the alternating magnetic field exceeded the threshold value on the 13th day. Meanwhile, it demonstrated that the field could delay the transformation of free amino acids to biogenic amines and inhibit the accumulation of bitter amino acids, so maintaining its nutritional characteristics. With the extension of storage period, the sulfhydryl content of beef myofibrillar proteins subjected to alternating magnetic field was lower than that of the control. It demonstrated that the protein oxidation of samples was inhibited, which would also be the reason the Ca2+‐ ATPase activity of myofibrillar proteins was maintained at a low level during the period. Furthermore, the upward trend of carbonyl group content was delayed. It provides a reference for the application of alternating magnetic field on cold storage of meat.
Molecular identification of carboxylesterase genes and their potential roles in the insecticides susceptibility of Grapholita molesta
Authors: Li Jianying , Jia Yujie , Zhang Dongyue , Li Zhen , Zhang Songdou , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrapholita molesta is one of the most damaging pests worldwide in stone and pome fruits. Application of chemical pesticides is still the main method to control this pest, which results in resistance to several types of insecticides. Carboxylesterase (CarE) is one of the important enzymes involved in the detoxification metabolism and tolerance of xenobiotics and insecticides. However, the roles of CarEs in insecticides susceptibility of G. molesta are still unclear. In the present study, the enzyme activity of CarEs and the mRNA expression of six CarE genes were consistently elevated after treatment with three insecticides (emamectin benzoate, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole). According to spatio‐temporal expression profiles, six CarE genes expressed differently in different developmental stages, and highly expressed in some detoxification metabolic organs. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of these six CarE genes indicated that the susceptibility of G. molesta to all these three insecticides were obviously raised after GmCarE9, GmCarE14, GmCarE16, and GmCarE22 knockdown, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrated that GmCarE9, GmCarE14, GmCarE16, and GmCarE22 play a role in the susceptibility of G. molesta to emamectin benzoate, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and chlorantraniliprole treatment. This study expands our understanding of CarEs in insects, that the same CarE gene could participate in the susceptibility to different insecticides.
Energy density of mesopelagic fishes from the Atlantic Ocean
Authors: López‐Pérez Cristina , Olivar María Pilar , Tuset Víctor M. , Bernal Ainhoa , Hulley Percy Alexander 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMesopelagic fishes play a central role in marine food webs linking primary consumers to top predators. In this study, measures of direct calorimetry were used to analyse the energy density (ED) of 34 mesopelagic species collected at 12 stations in the equatorial and tropical Atlantic. Mean ED ranged from 2.7 kJ g−1 wet weight (WW) for the lanterfish Lampanyctus nobilis to 8.7 kJ g−1 WW for the lanterfish Benthosema glaciale. This study includes species of the orders Myctophiformes and Stomiiformes and represents migrants, non‐migrants and partial‐migrants species. The majority of the species were grouped into the medium‐energy quality category (ED from 4 to 6 kJ g−1); Myctophiformes showed higher energetic values than the Stomiiformes. For the different species, the ED values were discussed in relation to spawning period and energy allocation strategies for reproduction and growth and feeding and migratory behaviour, as well as the ecoregion of study. These values will be useful for future assessment of energetic transfer between trophic levels and energetic modelling of Atlantic ecosystems.
Hospital‐associated disability due to avoidable hospitalizations among older adults
Authors: Skains Rachel M. , Zhang Yue , Osborne John D. , O'Leary Tobias , Fowler Mackenzie E. , Markland Alayne , Buford Thomas W. , Brown Cynthia J. , Kennedy Richard E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐associated disability (HAD) is a common complication during the course of acute care hospitalizations in older adults. Many admissions are for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs), considered potentially avoidable hospitalizations—conditions that might be treated in outpatient settings to prevent hospitalization and HAD. We compared the incidence of HAD between older adults hospitalized for ACSCs versus those hospitalized for other diagnoses.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study in inpatient (non‐ICU) medical and surgical units of a large southeastern regional academic medical center. Participants were 38,960 older adults 65 years of age admitted from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. The primary outcome was HAD, defined as decline on the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale from hospital admission to discharge. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine differences in HAD between hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis for an ACSC using standard definitions versus primary diagnosis for other conditions, adjusting for covariates and repeated observations for individuals with multiple hospitalizations.ResultsWe found that 10% of older adults were admitted for an ACSC, with rates of HAD in those admitted for ACSCs lower than those admitted for other conditions (16% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001). Age, comorbidity, admission functional status, and admission cognitive impairment were significant predictors for development of HAD. ACSC admissions to medical and medical/surgical services had lower odds of HAD compared with admissions for other conditions, with no significant differences between ACSC and non‐ACSC admissions to surgical services.ConclusionsRates of HAD among older adults hospitalized for ACSCs are substantial, though lower than rates of HAD with hospitalization for other conditions, reflecting that acute care hospitalization is not a benign event in this population. Treatment of ACSCs in the outpatient setting could be an important component of efforts to reduce HAD.
Defensa comunitaria y culturas del terror: Crimen organizado y violencia de Estado en comunidades originarias de Guerrero, México
Authors: Delgado Inés Giménez 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRich in raw materials, the state of Guerrero, Mexico, is one of the main enclaves of opium production, mineral extraction, and a focus for the multiplication of armed actors in Latin America, which, together with the overlapping of counterinsurgent violence in the past, post‐colonial violence and the militarization of the policies of the so‐called fight against drugs has contributed to very high rates of multiple and continuous violence. Drawing on investigative ethnographic fieldwork, testimonial work and a hemerographic review in Guerrero, this article investigates how the entanglement between state, para‐state, criminal and community actors leads to some short of “state of exception,” as well as to the emergence of forms of territorial organization. Through a case study in rural Nahua communities of Chilapa and echoing studies on the anthropology of violence, state anthropology and anarchist anthropology, we discuss the culture of terror at the margins of the state and the strategies of community and everyday resistance, that, although seek to ensure their political and economic survival, are at risk of being captured by some forms of the violence they fight.
The triage Nurse's ability in electrocardiogram interpretation in real clinical practice
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Sibilio Serena , Brigo Francesco , Magnarelli Gabriele , Fanni Canelles Massimiliano , Paulmichl Rupert , Pfeifer Norbert , Turcato Gianni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the triage nurse's skill in the recognition of abnormal electrocardiogram during actual clinical practice and to identify nurse‐ and patient‐related factors associated with errors in electrocardiogram interpretation.BackgroundThe nurse's ability to interpret the electrocardiogram has only been evaluated in simulation settings and has reported conflicting results.DesignA prospective single‐centre observational study.MethodsDuring the evaluation of a patient with a cardiovascular symptom, the triage nurses were asked to define whether the 12‐lead electrocardiogram performed during the triage evaluation was pathological or non‐pathological for the presenting symptom. Patient characteristics and some nurse‐related variables were recorded. Inter‐rater agreement between the physician and nurse in the electrocardiogram interpretation was considered the primary outcome, while the association of a major acute cardiovascular event related to patient access in the Emergency Department was the secondary outcome. We have followed the STROBE checklist for the preparation of this manuscript.ResultsTwenty nurses agreed to participate to the study and collect data. Of the 644 patients enrolled, 21.6% (139/644) reported a pathological electrocardiogram according to the ED Physician. The concordance between nurse and physician was modest with Cohen's Kappa of 0.666.An error in the electrocardiogram interpretation was present in 11% of the patients. Nurses who performed an electrocardiogram course within 1 year and studied electrocardiogram interpretation autonomously presented a lower error rate, while older patients and patients with more previous cardiovascular disease were found to be more associated with an error in electrocardiogram interpretation.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that triage nurses have a fair ability to interpret the electrocardiogram.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSpecific educational programmes for electrocardiogram interpretation could improve the skill of electrocardiogram interpretation by the nurse and enable this instrument to become an indispensable tool in triage assessment.
Evaluation of a nurse practitioner clinical practicum module using a capability education framework: A case study design
Authors: Ryder Mary , Smith Rita , Furlong Eileen 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThe aim of this research was to evaluate a nurse practitioner's clinical practicum module designed with a capability education framework. The objectives were to determine if the module prepared students adequately for their role and to determine if the Mini‐CEX assessment tool was suitable for use with nurse practitioners.BackgroundCapability is a necessary part of expertise, where a capable person takes responsibility to develop their own education, knowledge and skills. The capability learning framework offers nurse practitioners flexible learning pathways between the student, the university and clinical practice. This capability learning framework focuses on the wider complexities of nurse practitioner practice as opposed to a point‐in‐time assessment.DesignA case study design was used.MethodsMixed methods including, document review, focus group and field notes were used in the case study evaluation adhering to the standards for the reporting of organisational case studies.ResultsA layered incremental approach to learning and assessments were applied. Students and assessors were satisfied with using the Mini‐CEX assessment tool in the module. The Mini‐CEX tool was familiar to clinical mentors, who compared students demonstrating competency in a similar manner to medicine. The feedback component of the tool provided deep and meaningful engagement for students. The module provided mentors with insight and understanding of the nurse practitioner role. Students identified the transitioning process from competent to capable practitioners. The module learning and assessments were mapped to regulatory nurse practitioner standards and requirements.ConclusionsThe module provided comprehensive preparation for students to develop their nurse practitioner role. The Mini‐CEX assessment tool is a fitting assessment for nurse practitioner students, particularly when supplemented with a corresponding reflective exercise. The assessments and feedback provided the students with opportunities to focus on agreed learning outcomes in their specialist area of practice.Relevance to clinical practiceNurse practitioners are required to practice autonomously and independently at a level of capability in clinical practice. The education preparation of nurse practitioner students must be directed appropriately.
For better or worse: Economic strain, furlough, and relationship quality during the Covid‐19 lockdown
Authors: Perelli‐Harris Brienna , Chao Shih‐Yi , Berrington Ann 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the role of objective and subjective measures of economic uncertainty, as well as furlough schemes, on changes in couples' relationships during the first lockdown in the UK.BackgroundMost theories of relationship quality argue that economic uncertainty strains intimate relationships, leading to a deterioration in relationship quality. Few studies capture such an intense period of economic uncertainty, and the role of government policy to mitigate the impact of the economic crisis.MethodThe study employs the UK Household Longitudinal Covid‐19 surveys conducted in April–June 2020. Using multinomial logit regression models (N = 5792), we examine how self‐reported change in relationship quality is associated with socioeconomic status, subjective financial uncertainty, and change in employment situation, especially for those furloughed through the UK government's Employment Protection Scheme.ResultsThe study finds that 8% of individuals reported a decline in their couple relationship quality, but 19% reported improvements. Those with higher education and household earnings were more likely to experience improvements in relationship quality. Reduced work hours or job loss was not associated with changes in relationship, although expecting a worse future financial situation was. Furlough was strongly associated with improvements in relationships, and furloughed men were slightly more likely to report an improvement in their relationships than women.Conclusion and ImplicationsAlthough prior research has found that economic uncertainty is detrimental to relationships, employment protection schemes seem to have mitigated some of the worst effects on families.
The dual role of a multi‐heme cytochrome in methanogenesis: MmcA is important for energy conservation and carbon metabolism in Methanosarcina acetivorans
Authors: Downing Blake E. , Gupta Dinesh , Nayak Dipti D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMethanogenic archaea belonging to the Order Methanosarcinales conserve energy using an electron transport chain (ETC). In the genetically tractable strain Methanosarcina acetivorans, ferredoxin donates electrons to the ETC via the Rnf (Rhodobacter nitrogen fixation) complex. The Rnf complex in M. acetivorans, unlike its counterpart in Bacteria, contains a multiheme c‐type cytochrome (MHC) subunit called MmcA. Early studies hypothesized MmcA is a critical component of Rnf, however recent work posits that the primary role of MmcA is facilitating extracellular electron transport. To explore the physiological role of MmcA, we characterized M. acetivorans mutants lacking either the entire Rnf complex (∆mmcA‐rnf) or just the MmcA subunit (∆mmcA). Our data show that MmcA is essential for growth during acetoclastic methanogenesis but neither Rnf nor MmcA is required for methanogenic growth on methylated compounds. On methylated compounds, the absence of MmcA alone leads to a more severe growth defect compared to a Rnf deletion likely due to different strategies for ferredoxin oxidation that arise in each strain. Transcriptomic data suggest that the ∆mmcA mutant might oxidize ferredoxin by upregulating the cytosolic Wood‐Ljundahl pathway for acetyl‐CoA synthesis, whereas the ∆mmcA‐rnf mutant may repurpose the F420 dehydrogenase complex (Fpo) to oxidize ferredoxin coupled to proton translocation. Beyond energy conservation, the deletion of rnf or mmcA leads to global transcriptional changes of genes involved in methanogenesis, carbon assimilation and regulation. Overall, our study provides systems‐level insights into the non‐overlapping roles of the Rnf bioenergetic complex and the associated MHC, MmcA.
Contrasting photoprotective responses of forest trees revealed using PRI light responses sampled with airborne imaging spectrometry
Authors: Gamon John A. , Wang Ran , Russo Sabrina E. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) provides an optical indicator of photosynthetic light‐use efficiency, photoprotection, and stress in plants. Although PRI can be applied in remote sensing, its interpretation depends on irradiance, which is hard to obtain from satellite or airborne imagery.
To quantify forest photoprotective responses remotely, we developed a framework for modeling and interpreting PRI‐light responses of individual trees and species using airborne imaging spectrometry coupled with georeferenced forest inventory data from a temperate broad‐leaved forest. We derived an irradiance proxy, used hierarchical modeling to analyze PRI‐light responses, and developed a framework of physiological interpretations of model parameters as facultative and constitutive components of photoprotection.
Photochemical Reflectance Index declined with illumination, and PRI‐light relationships varied with landscape position and among tree crowns and species. More sun‐exposed foliage had lower intercepts and slopes of the relationship, indicating greater constitutive, but less facultative, photoprotection.
We show that tree photoprotective strategies can be quantified at multiple scales using airborne hyperspectral data in structurally complex forests. Our findings and approach have important implications for the remote sensing of forest stress by offering a new way to assess functional diversity through dynamic differences in photoprotection and photosynthetic downregulation and providing previsual indicators of forest stress.