bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The systemic challenges of non-palliative care professionals caring for end-of-life patients: A lived experience study
Authors: Ho Andy H.Y. , Tan-Ho Geraldine , Low Casuarine , Chan Ee Yuee , Chan Noreen , Hum Allyn , Khemlani Mansha Hari , Low James Alvin Yiew Hock , Tan Woan Shin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aims of this study are to identify the challenges faced by non-palliative care professionals (NPCPs) in caring for end-of-life patients; determine how these challenges interact with and influence each other systemically; and advance the theories and practices for supporting NPCPs in the provision of quality end-of-life care beyond the boundaries of palliative medicine.MethodsA constructivist phenomenological research design with an Interpretive-Systemic Framework of inquiry was adopted. Thirty-five physicians, 35 nurses, and 35 Medical Social Workers who play critical roles in caring for end-of-life patients and belonging to the 9 major medical disciplines of Cardiology, Geriatric, Intensive Care Medicine, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Neurology, Oncology, Respiratory Medicine, and Surgery were recruited through purposive snowball sampling from 3 major public hospitals.ResultsFramework analysis revealed 5 themes and 17 subthemes that illuminate the individual, relational, cultural, institutional, and structural challenges that NPCPs faced in rendering end-of-life care. These challenges influence each other within the health-care ecosystem, serving to perpetuate or heighten care obstacles.Significance of resultsThis is the first known study exploring the systemic challenges of NPCPs spanning 9 major medical disciplines and encompassing 3 professional stakeholders responsible for the care for end-of-life patients, thus ensuring perspective inclusivity across the health-care system. Recommendations that consider the complexity of the interactions between these systemic challenges are presented in detail.
Do cover crops suppress weeds in the U.S. Southeast? A meta-analysis
Authors: Weisberger David A. , Bastos Leonardo M. , Sykes Virginia R. , Basinger Nicholas T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCover crops (CCs) have shown great potential for suppressing annual weeds within agronomic cropping systems across the United States. However, the weed suppressive potential of CCs may be moderated by environmental and management factors that are specific to certain geographic areas and their associated characteristics. This may be particularly true within the U.S. Southeast, where higher mean annual temperature and precipitation generate favorable conditions for both CC and weed growth. To understand the effects of this regional context on CCs and weeds, a meta-analysis examining paired comparisons of weed biomass and/or weed density under CC and bare ground conditions from studies conducted within the Southeast was conducted. Data were identified and extracted from 28 journal articles in which weed biomass and/or weed density were measured along with cash crop yield data, if they were provided. Fourteen studies provided 142 comparisons for weed biomass; 23 studies provided 139 comparisons for weed density; and 22 studies, pooled over both weed response variables, provided 144 comparisons for cash crop yield. CCs had a negative effect on weed density (P = 0.0016) but no effect on either weed biomass (P = 0.16) or cash crop yield (P = 0.88). The mean relative reduction in weed density under CCs was 44%. Subsequent analyses indicated that CC biomass was the key factor associated with this reduction. Weed density suppression was linearly related to CC biomass; a 50% decrease in weed density was associated with 6,600 kg ha−1 of CC biomass. Edaphic, geographic, and other management factors had no bearing on this suppressive effect. This highlights the importance of generating adequate CC biomass if weed suppression is the primary objective of CC use and the potential for CCs to reduce weed density over diverse soil, climate, and farm management conditions.
Changing the Unpredictable Nature of Internal Tides Through Deep Learning
Authors: Li Bingtian , Wang Yufei , Wei Zexun , Pan Haidong , Xu Tengfei , Lv Xianqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNonstationary internal tides (ITs) are formed from their interactions with background currents. Harmonic analysis (HA), which cannot be used to estimate the incoherent component, is almost exclusively used method to predict ITs from observations. This remains ITs prediction challenge. In this study, we establish a deep learning framework to predict semidiurnal ITs. The model is established and trained with observed semidiurnal internal tidal currents that are 172 days long, and then ITs over the next 42 days are forecasted. The prediction accuracy is greatly improved using the deep learning framework. The magnitudes of errors using the deep learning framework are approximately 35% of those obtained using HA. Most temporal and spatial variations in baroclinic currents can successfully be forecasted using deep learning. In addition, the kinetic energy and incoherent components of ITs can be accurately predicted. Moreover, the relatively high adoptability of the established deep learning model is shown.
Formation and Motion of Horse Collar Aurora Events
Authors: Bower G. E. , Milan S. E. , Paxton L. J. , Spanswick E. , Hairston M. R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe polar cap can become teardrop shaped through the poleward expansion of the dusk and dawn sectors of the auroral oval, to form what is called horse collar aurora (HCA). The formation of HCA has been linked to dual‐lobe reconnection (DLR) where magnetic flux is closed at the dayside magnetopause. A prolonged period of northward IMF is required for the formation of HCA. HCA have previously been identified in UV images captured by the Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) instrument on‐board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft F16, F17 and F18. Events that have concurrent 630.0 nm all‐sky camera (ASC) data from the Redline Geospace Observatory (REGO) Resolute Bay site are now studied in more detail, making use of the higher cadence of the ASC images compared to DMSP/SSUSI. 11 HCA events are studied and classified based on the IMF conditions at the end of the event. Five of the events were found to end via a southward turning of the IMF, two end with positive By dominated IMF and four with negative By dominance. Under positive (negative) By the arcs move duskward (dawnward) in the northern hemisphere with the opposite true in the southern hemisphere. Under a southward turning the arcs move equatorward. One event is of particular interest as it occurred while there was a transpolar arc (TPA) also present. Understanding the evolution of HCA will allow DLR to be studied in more detail.
Estimating Coccolithophore PIC:POC Based on Coccosphere and Coccolith Geometry
Authors: Jin Xiaobo , Liu Chuanlian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe marine biological calcification and photosynthesis, which can produce particulate inorganic and organic carbon (PIC and POC), have the opposite effects on seawater pCO2. Coccolithophores are a kind of marine unicellular algae with both of the two biological processes, and PIC and POC productions of them can shape the water column rain ratio as a dominant driver for Earth's carbon cycle. Thus, the changes in ancient coccolithophore PIC:POC can be important for the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic studies of carbon cycle modeling. However, ancient coccolithophore PIC:POC is poorly constrained because of the occasional occurrences of intact coccospheres in deep ocean sediments, as detached coccoliths are commonly the remnants of fossilized coccolithophores. Here, we carry out the biometric analysis of coccosphere and coccolith from the living cells of Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica in the South China Sea, and confirm a significant correlationship between their PIC:POC and lateral coccolith aspect ratio (ARL). ARL here is defined by the ratio of mean coccolith thickness with respect to coccolith length. A linear regression is given, (R2 = 0.59, n = 121), for the reconstruction of ancient Noelaerhabdaceae coccolithophore PIC:POC based on individual coccoliths in marine sediments. Based on this equation, we reconstruct ancient Noelaerhabdaceae coccolithophore PIC:POC since 14 million years ago (Ma) using published coccolith data, which reveal a long‐term decrease in PIC:POC from 7 to 4 Ma. We suggest that such a change in coccolithophore physiology may be induced by a simultaneous long‐term decline in seawater calcium concentration.
Using Lagrangian Filtering to Remove Waves From the Ocean Surface Velocity Field
Authors: Jones C. Spencer , Xiao Qiyu , Abernathey Ryan P. , Smith K. Shafer 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite will measure altimetry on scales down to about 15 km: at these scales, the sea‐surface‐height signature of inertia‐gravity waves, including barotropic tides and internal tides, will be visible. However, tides and inertia‐gravity waves have little impact on tracer transport. Recent work has shown that Lagrangian filtering can be used to isolate the inertia‐gravity wave part of the flow. This manuscript presents a recipe for removing barotropic motions and inertia‐gravity waves from the surface velocities and from the sea‐surface height (SSH), to estimate the non‐wave part of the flow in the Agulhas region of a high‐resolution ocean model (LLC4320). First, two methods for removing the barotropic component of SSH variability are presented. Then Lagrangian filtering, a method that accounts for Doppler shifting of high‐frequency motions by the low‐frequency velocity field, is applied to both the SSH and the ocean surface velocity field. The results of Lagrangian filtering are presented in spectral space. Lagrangian filtering preserves motions that appear super‐inertial in the reference frame of the Earth, while other methods do not preserve these motions as effectively. In some locations most of the energy at high frequencies comes from these Doppler shifted balanced motions. We show that the non‐wave part of the velocity field that is preserved more effectively by Lagrangian filtering includes convergent motions near regions of frontogenesis.
Quantification of Physical and Numerical Mixing in a Coastal Ocean Model Using Salinity Variance Budgets
Authors: Schlichting Dylan , Qu Lixin , Kobashi Daijiro , Hetland Robert 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNumerical mixing, the spurious mixing primarily generated by the discretization of advection, is often significant in estuarine and coastal models due to sharp, energetic fronts. We compare on‐ and offline estimates of numerical mixing in a submesoscale‐resolving realistic simulation of the ocean state over the Texas‐Louisiana continental shelf. While offline estimates of numerical mixing differ from online estimates, offline methods may be the only analysis available. We use two methods to estimate numerical mixing offline based on the residuals of the salinity squared s2 and volume‐mean salinity variance budgets. The budget overestimates the time‐averaged online numerical mixing by 60% at hourly output. The s2 budget compares poorly due to large truncation errors associated with the tendency and advection terms. The residual of the s2 budget starts to converge to the budget as output frequency increases to 10 min—an unrealistic frequency for long‐term coastal ocean simulations—but neither method unconditionally converges to the online method and therefore cannot be recommended for generic analysis of numerical mixing. We also investigate the effects of horizontal resolution on numerical mixing using a two‐way nested grid with the online method. The volume‐integrated numerical mixing constitutes 57% of the bulk physical mixing—the mixing prescribed by the turbulence closure scheme—in the coarse model and may exceed the physical mixing by half an order of magnitude. We find numerical mixing is reduced by 35% on average in the nested model, likely due to new dynamical processes that emerge in the nested simulation.
Giving Some Tooth to Precambrian Carbonates and the Tales They Tell About Ancient Oceans
Authors: Lyons Timothy W. , Tu Chenyi , Hancock Leanne 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEnigmatic is a word that often comes up in discussions about Proterozoic molar tooth carbonate structures (MTS). But when unusual features such as these are common in rocks of a particular age, there is almost always an important message waiting to be discovered. In this case, the observed temporal patterns for MTS likely track first‐order trends in evolving compositions in the oceans during Earth's middle history when CO2 in the atmosphere and carbonate saturation in the ocean were high but declining and oxygen (O2) in the ocean‐atmosphere system was on the rise. A new paper by Tang et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JG007077) gives us a new way to think about MTS origins, and nested within their model are wide ranging implicit and explicit linkages to Earth surface evolution as life was becoming more complex in a slow march toward the world we know today.
PRR15 deficiency facilitates malignant progression by mediating PI3K/Akt signaling and predicts clinical prognosis in triple-negative rather than non-triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Guo Fengzhu , Ma Jialu , Li Cong , Liu Shuning , Wu Weizheng , Li Chunxiao , Wang Jiani , Wang Jinsong , Li Zhijun , Zhai Jingtong , Sun Fangzhou , Zhou Yantong , Guo Changyuan , Qian Haili , Xu Binghe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast neoplasms with a higher risk of recurrence and metastasis than non-TNBC. Nevertheless, the factors responsible for the differences in the malignant behavior between TNBC and non-TNBC are not fully explored. Proline rich 15 (PRR15) is a protein involved in the progression of several tumor types, but its mechanisms are still controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological role and clinical applications of PRR15 on TNBC. PRR15 gene was differentially expressed between TNBC and non-TNBC patients, previously described as an oncogenic factor in breast cancer. However, our results showed a decreased expression of PRR15 that portended a favorable prognosis in TNBC rather than non-TNBC. PRR15 knockdown facilitated the proliferation, migration, and invasive ability of TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo, which was abolished by PRR15 restoration, without remarkable effects on non-TNBC. High-throughput drug sensitivity revealed that PI3K/Akt signaling was involved in the aggressive properties of PRR15 silencing, which was confirmed by the PI3K/Akt signaling activation in the tumors of PRR15Low patients, and PI3K inhibitor reversed the metastatic capacity of TNBC in mice. The reduced PRR15 expression in TNBC patients was positively correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics, enhanced metastasis, and poor disease-free survival. Collectively, PRR15 down-regulation promotes malignant progression through the PI3K/Akt signaling in TNBC rather than in non-TNBC, affects the response of TNBC cells to antitumor agents, and is a promising indicator of disease outcomes in TNBC.
RIPK3 promoter hypermethylation in hepatocytes protects from bile acid-induced inflammation and necroptosis
Authors: Hoff Jessica , Xiong Ling , Kammann Tobias , Neugebauer Sophie , Micheel Julia M. , Gaßler Nikolaus , Bauer Michael , Press Adrian T. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNecroptosis facilitates cell death in a controlled manner and is employed by many cell types following injury. It plays a significant role in various liver diseases, albeit the cell-type-specific regulation of necroptosis in the liver and especially hepatocytes, has not yet been conceptualized. We demonstrate that DNA methylation suppresses RIPK3 expression in human hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In diseases leading to cholestasis, the RIPK3 expression is induced in mice and humans in a cell-type-specific manner. Overexpression of RIPK3 in HepG2 cells leads to RIPK3 activation by phosphorylation and cell death, further modulated by different bile acids. Additionally, bile acids and RIPK3 activation further facilitate JNK phosphorylation, IL-8 expression, and its release. This suggests that hepatocytes suppress RIPK3 expression to protect themselves from necroptosis and cytokine release induced by bile acid and RIPK3. In chronic liver diseases associated with cholestasis, induction of RIPK3 expression may be an early event signaling danger and repair through releasing IL-8.
Disease-related p63 DBD mutations impair DNA binding by distinct mechanisms and varying degree
Authors: Osterburg Christian , Ferniani Marco , Antonini Dario , Frombach Ann-Sophie , D’Auria Ludovica , Osterburg Susanne , Lotz Rebecca , Löhr Frank , Kehrloesser Sebastian , Zhou Huiqing , Missero Caterina , Dötsch Volker 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe transcription factor p63 shares a high sequence identity with the tumour suppressor p53 which manifests itself in high structural similarity and preference for DNA sequences. Mutations in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 have been studied in great detail, enabling a general mechanism-based classification. In this study we provide a detailed investigation of all currently known mutations in the p63 DBD, which are associated with developmental syndromes, by measuring their impact on transcriptional activity, DNA binding affinity, zinc binding capacity and thermodynamic stability. Some of the mutations we have further characterized with respect to their ability to convert human dermal fibroblasts into induced keratinocytes. Here we propose a classification of the p63 DBD mutations based on the four different mechanisms of DNA binding impairment which we identified: direct DNA contact, zinc finger region, H2 region, and dimer interface mutations. The data also demonstrate that, in contrast to p53 cancer mutations, no p63 mutation induces global unfolding and subsequent aggregation of the domain. The dimer interface mutations that affect the DNA binding affinity by disturbing the interaction between the individual DBDs retain partial DNA binding capacity which correlates with a milder patient phenotype.
PHF14 enhances DNA methylation of SMAD7 gene to promote TGF-β-driven lung adenocarcinoma metastasis
Authors: Tian Han , Liu Chenying , Yu Jianchen , Han Jian , Du Jianan , Liang Shujun , Wang Wenting , Liu Qin , Lian Rong , Zhu Ting , Wu Shanshan , Tao Tianyu , Ye Yaokai , Zhao Jingjing , Yang Yi , Zhu Xun , Cai Junchao , Wu Jueheng , Li Mengfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAberrant activation of TGF-β signaling plays a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and progression. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of TGF-β pathway remain to be understood. Here, we found that SMAD7, a direct downstream transcriptional target and also a key antagonist of TGF-β signaling, is transcriptionally suppressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) due to DNA hypermethylation. We further identified that PHF14 binds DNMT3B and serves as a DNA CpG motif reader, recruiting DNMT3B to the SMAD7 gene locus, resulting in DNA methylation and transcriptional suppression of SMAD7. Our in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that PHF14 promotes metastasis through binding DNMT3B to suppress SMAD7 expression. Moreover, our data revealed that PHF14 expression correlates with lowered SMAD7 level and shorter survival of LAD patients, and importantly that SMAD7 methylation level of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can potentially be used for prognosis prediction. Together, our present study illustrates a new epigenetic mechanism, mediated by PHF14 and DNMT3B, in the regulation of SMAD7 transcription and TGF-β-driven LAD metastasis, and suggests potential opportunities for LAD prognosis.
Copy number variation in tRNA isodecoder genes impairs mammalian development and balanced translation
Authors: Hughes Laetitia A. , Rudler Danielle L. , Siira Stefan J. , McCubbin Tim , Raven Samuel A. , Browne Jasmin M. , Ermer Judith A. , Rientjes Jeanette , Rodger Jennifer , Marcellin Esteban , Rackham Oliver , Filipovska Aleksandra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe number of tRNA isodecoders has increased dramatically in mammals, but the specific molecular and physiological reasons for this expansion remain elusive. To address this fundamental question we used CRISPR editing to knockout the seven-membered phenylalanine tRNA gene family in mice, both individually and combinatorially. Using ATAC-Seq, RNA-seq, ribo-profiling and proteomics we observed distinct molecular consequences of single tRNA deletions. We show that tRNA-Phe-1-1 is required for neuronal function and its loss is partially compensated by increased expression of other tRNAs but results in mistranslation. In contrast, the other tRNA-Phe isodecoder genes buffer the loss of each of the remaining six tRNA-Phe genes. In the tRNA-Phe gene family, the expression of at least six tRNA-Phe alleles is required for embryonic viability and tRNA-Phe-1-1 is most important for development and survival. Our results reveal that the multi-copy configuration of tRNA genes is required to buffer translation and viability in mammals.
Damage dynamics and the role of chance in the timing of E. coli cell death
Authors: Yang Yifan , Karin Omer , Mayo Avi , Song Xiaohu , Chen Peipei , Santos Ana L. , Lindner Ariel B. , Alon Uri 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGenetically identical cells in the same stressful condition die at different times. The origin of this stochasticity is unclear; it may arise from different initial conditions that affect the time of demise, or from a stochastic damage accumulation mechanism that erases the initial conditions and instead amplifies noise to generate different lifespans. To address this requires measuring damage dynamics in individual cells over the lifespan, but this has rarely been achieved. Here, we used a microfluidic device to measure membrane damage in 635 carbon-starved Escherichia coli cells at high temporal resolution. We find that initial conditions of damage, size or cell-cycle phase do not explain most of the lifespan variation. Instead, the data points to a stochastic mechanism in which noise is amplified by a rising production of damage that saturates its own removal. Surprisingly, the relative variation in damage drops with age: cells become more similar to each other in terms of relative damage, indicating increasing determinism with age. Thus, chance erases initial conditions and then gives way to increasingly deterministic dynamics that dominate the lifespan distribution.
Highly conductive tissue-like hydrogel interface through template-directed assembly
Authors: Chong Jooyeun , Sung Changhoon , Nam Kum Seok , Kang Taewon , Kim Hyunjun , Lee Haeseung , Park Hyunchang , Park Seongjun , Kang Jiheong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past decade, conductive hydrogels have received great attention as tissue-interfacing electrodes due to their soft and tissue-like mechanical properties. However, a trade-off between robust tissue-like mechanical properties and good electrical properties has prevented the fabrication of a tough, highly conductive hydrogel and limited its use in bioelectronics. Here, we report a synthetic method for the realization of highly conductive and mechanically tough hydrogels with tissue-like modulus. We employed a template-directed assembly method, enabling the arrangement of a disorder-free, highly-conductive nanofibrous conductive network inside a highly stretchable, hydrated network. The resultant hydrogel exhibits ideal electrical and mechanical properties as a tissue-interfacing material. Furthermore, it can provide tough adhesion (800 J/m2) with diverse dynamic wet tissue after chemical activation. This hydrogel enables suture-free and adhesive-free, high-performance hydrogel bioelectronics. We successfully demonstrated ultra-low voltage neuromodulation and high-quality epicardial electrocardiogram (ECG) signal recording based on in vivo animal models. This template-directed assembly method provides a platform for hydrogel interfaces for various bioelectronic applications.