bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptome analysis of the Mizuhopecten yessoensis gills under high temperature fluctuations
Authors: Li Danyang , Liu Yang , Tian Ying , Mao Junxia , Wang Xubo , Chang Yaqing , Hao Zhenlin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTemperature is one of the environmental factors affecting the physiological activities of aquatic animals. This study explored the gene expression and regulation mechanism in the gill tissues of the scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis under the stress of high temperature fluctuations. We designed a high temperature fluctuation experiment, in which the water temperature was raised from 20°C to 23°C and 26°C and then decreased from 26°C to 23°C and 20°C, with a rate of heating and cooling of 0.5°C/h. The experiment consisted of four cycles and lasted for 7.5 days. When the target temperature was reached and the next temperature increase or decrease began, the gills of scallops were collected to measure immune enzyme activities and for transcriptome analysis. Immunological results showed significant differences in enzyme activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and lysozyme in scallop gills at 20°C on the first day and 26°C on the fifth day. Therefore, we analyzed gene expression from gill samples from these two time points using transcriptomics. We referred to samples from these time points as the normal temperature group (NT) and high temperature group (HT). Transcriptome results indicated that 347 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in HT versus NT. Through gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, we found that these DEGs were mainly involved in metabolic pathways and protein synthesis pathways and had significant effects on oxidative stress, apoptosis, body metabolism, and protein folding in M. yessoensis. We selected 62 DEGs related to heat shock, immunity, and metabolism, including 47 upregulated and 15 downregulated DEGs. In a subset of these genes, quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) analysis showed similar expression (R2 = 0.81), thus validating the transcriptome data. Our results provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the response mechanism in M. yessoensis to high temperature stress and for the development of molecular breeding technology for high temperature tolerance.
The involvement of metallothioneins and stress markers in response to osmotic stress in Avena sativa L.
Authors: Konieczna Wiktoria , Mierek‐Adamska Agnieszka , Warchoł Marzena , Skrzypek Edyta , Dąbrowska Grażyna B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOsmotic stress frequently caused by drought is the most threatening environmental stress that remarkably reduces crop yield. Oat (Avena sativa L.) is sensitive to water deficiency during growth. Plant metallothioneins (pMTs) show tremendous promise in enhancing general stress tolerance in plants. This study aimed to verify whether pMTs and elements of the antioxidant defence system protect oat against osmotic stress. Coding and genomic regions of A. sativa L. MTs belonging to three different types were cloned. To evaluate the role of MTs in osmotic stress, the expression of genes encoding AsMT1‐3 was checked by qRT‐PCR in the roots and shoots of oat plants growing in a hydroponic culture in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) and mannitol. The expression of AsMT1‐3 changed in response to osmotic stress; however, the changes depended on the type of MT and the treatment. The amount of AsMT3 transcript was about five‐fold and nine‐fold higher in shoots and roots, respectively, in the presence of mannitol. To further analyse the response of oat to osmotic stress, the level of phenolic compounds, soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were tested using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. During osmotic stress, the content of phenols, soluble sugars, abscisic acid, and the activity of catalase and peroxidase in shoots increased. In roots treated with PEG 6000, the amount of phenolic compounds was higher than that in roots treated with mannitol. The activity of superoxide dismutase was about 5‐fold higher in roots than in shoots. MTs are involved in plant response to osmotic stress. In the future, insight provided in this study will lead to application in agriculture either by using MTs as molecular markers for stress‐resistant crop cultivars or by a generation of genetically modified crops overexpressing MTs.
High photostrictive efficiency of Mg3V2O8 ceramics under visible light illumination
Authors: Boda Muzaffar Ahmad , Chen Chen , He Xiang , Wang Lu , Yi Zhiguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe materials showing significant photostrictive effect under visible light are of great interest for the development of advanced micro‐optomechanical systems (MOMS). Till date, ferroelectrics have remained the most widely investigated materials for photostriction, but due to wide bandgap their efficiency remains poor in visible light. Herein, magnesium orthovandate (Mg3V2O8) ceramics, showing a bandgap of 2.43 eV, is demonstrated for significant photostrictive efficiency (η) under visible light. In the illumination of laser 655 nm, it shows η = 1.5 × 10−11 m3/W, the highest efficiency ever reported for any ceramic under visible light, and under laser405 nm, shows η = 1.0 × 10−11 m3/W, the efficiency higher than most of the reported materials in similar illumination conditions. The in situ X‐ray diffraction patterns collected under external laser illumination in conjunction with power dependent Raman spectroscopy indicates that the photostriction of Mg3V2O8 ceramics is attributed to light induced distortion of its VO4 tetrahedrons and MgO6 octahedrons. Whilst, comparative analysis of Raman modes identified experimentally and modes calculated by density functional theory reveals that the light‐triggered electron–phonon resonating interactions and light‐induced phase transition are the most likely origin of large polyhedral distortions and hence higher value of η at specific light intensity of lasers 655 and 405 nm, respectively. These results show considerable advantage of Mg3V2O8 ceramics for MOMS and other light‐driven applications.
Engaging Students with Art‐Based S‐R‐C (Sense of Belonging, Resistance, and Coalition Building) Strategies for Anti‐Racism
Authors: Shin Ryan , Lim Maria , Hsieh Kevin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this article, we discuss our struggles and efforts to respond to Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) hate crimes and anti‐Asian racism, as well as explore ways to address the issues of anti‐Asian racism, violence, myths, and stereotypes in the art classroom. We researched and learned from contemporary Asian American artists, attended anti‐racism virtual talks, and examined various anti‐racism pedagogical approaches. As an outcome of our research to confront anti‐racism, we developed S‐R‐C strategies to engage students with art‐based anti‐racism, which include facilitating a sense of belonging (S), resisting anti‐Asian racism (R), and coalescing with other minority groups and allies (C). These strategies were developed to fully embrace the equity, diversity, and inclusivity of AAPI sequentially and holistically. This article also reports how we use the S‐R‐C strategies to guide our pre‐service art teachers to confront anti‐Asian racism and advocate for anti‐racism teaching practices.
Integrative study of the reproductive biology and growth of Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro Menezes, 1992 (Characiformes, Acestrorhynchidae)
Authors: Piazza Yanina G. , Lozano Ismael E. , Llamazares Vegh Sabina , Lo Nostro Fabiana L. , Fuentes Carlos M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe studied the reproductive strategy, sexual system and growth of dientudo paraguayo Acestrorhynchus pantaneiro. After 2 years of monitoring in shallow areas of a floodplain lake from the lower Paraná basin (Argentina), it was evidenced that water temperature modulated gonadal maturation, but it was the river water level the synchronising stimulus that triggered spawning. This species exhibited a single annual breeding period from October to January, with most spawning activity in November. According to the von Bertalanffy growth curve, fish would reach autumn to winter months with LS of ~120 mm, already mature males. The first mature females were found at LS of 210 mm, becoming sexually mature between the second and third breeding seasons. This is the first integrative study that includes the body‐length frequency distribution and sex differential size at first maturity and growth, and reports the presence of intersex gonads questioning its sexual pattern from gonochoristic to sequential hermaphrodite species. The sexual pattern, the multiple spawning behaviour and a medium to high absolute fecundity support the opportunistic and invasive behavior observed in previous contributions for this characiform species.
Mitochondrial diversity and genetic structure of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Pearl River and Nandujiang River
Authors: Shuli Zhu , Weitao Chen , Zhi Wu , Yuefei Li , Jie Li , Xinhui Li , Jiping Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important valuable cyprinid in China and has been a popular cultured aquaculture species around the globe. Understanding the genetic diversity of wild native common carp not only provides basic data for the protection and utilisation of common carp resources but also assesses the effect of human activities on the genetic diversity of this species. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of the common carp from 15 sampling populations in the Pearl River and Nandujiang River were determined using a coalescent mitochondrial locus (MLS), including mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (Cytb) and a control region (D‐loop) segment. The haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were 0.962 and 0.00628 in the Pearl River and 0.808 and 0.00376 in the Nandujiang River, respectively. Phylogenetic and haplotype network analyses indicated that three sub‐species (a) C. c. rubrofuscus, (b) C. c. haematopterus and (c) C. c. carpio all occur in both rivers. AMOVA revealed that the variation within populations (86.2%) was the main source of the total variation. Statistically significant genetic differentiation among different Pearl River populations of C. c. rubrofuscus (Fst = 0.05–0.25) and relatively high genetic differentiation between the Nandujiang River population and the Pearl River populations (Fst > 0.238) are apparent. Bayesian clustering analyses detected that global populations consisted of eight genetic clusters and examined that Nandujiang River population included relatively pure genetic clusters. Neutrality tests suggested that native populations experienced recent population expansion, and Extended Bayesian Skyline Plot indicated that the common carp populations likely experienced a historical expansion during 0.125–0.250 MYA. Artificial fish propagation and release, escape from fish farms and Fang Sheng may explain the invasion of non‐native sub‐species in many river sections, such as Laibin, Rongjiang, Huizhou, Heyuan and Zhaoqing. To conserve the native common carp populations, release station should be established to culture native common carp fry. Overall, the findings can be contributed to complementing scientific knowledge for conservation and management of the wild native common carp.
Challenges and strategies among family care partners of community‐dwelling persons with dementia nearing end of life
Authors: McDarby Meghan , Russell David , King Lori , Kozlov Elissa , Luth Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundA growing number of persons living with dementia (PLwD) die at home with hospice care. However, there is limited information describing the needs of dying, community‐dwelling persons with dementia and their family care partners (FCPs). Understanding the range of challenges faced by these FCPs is requisite to developing resources and refining support infrastructure. The current study identifies caregiving challenges unique to this population and strategies FCPs use to address those challenges.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with 40 current or recently bereaved FCPs of home hospice patients living with dementia, recruited from geriatrics clinics and a hospice agency in the New York metropolitan area. A thematic analysis guided by deductive and inductive approaches was used to code interview transcripts, identify broader conceptual categories, and search for themes.ResultsThree themes were identified related to challenges faced by FCPs: (1) managing emotions and reacting to behaviors associated with advanced dementia; (2) lack of knowledge and adequate information related to dementia: disease progression and caregiving skills; and (3) maintaining FCP well‐being: self‐care and caregiver burden. Three themes were identified that describe strategies FCPs of PLwD employ to cope with end‐of‐life caregiving demands: (1) accepting help from professional caregivers and hospice support services; (2) getting knowledge and information about dementia; and (3) pragmatic approaches and acceptance of signs and symptoms of disease progression.ConclusionsFCPs of PLwD near the end of life (EOL) face caregiving challenges unique to dementia and dying. While FCPs are resourceful in identifying novel strategies for managing burden and caregiving responsibilities, our results point to gaps in the current support infrastructure for this population at the EOL. Findings also identify areas of need for care partners navigating end‐of‐life issues.
Development and implementation of an interdisciplinary telemedicine clinic for older patients with cancer—Preliminary data
Authors: Alexander Koshy , Hamlin Paul A. , Tew William P. , Trevino Kelly , Tin Amy L. , Shahrokni Armin , Meditz Elissa , Boparai Manpreet , Amirnia Farnia , Sun Sung Wu , Korc‐Grodzicki Beatriz 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFrailty assessment is an important marker of the older adult's fitness for cancer treatment independent of age. Pretreatment geriatric assessment (GA) is associated with improved mortality and morbidity outcomes but must occur in a time sensitive manner to be useful for cancer treatment decision making. Unfortunately, time, resources and other constraints make GA difficult to perform in busy oncology clinics. We developed the Cancer and Aging Interdisciplinary Team (CAIT) clinic model to provide timely GA and treatment recommendations independent of patient's physical location.MethodsThe interdisciplinary CAIT clinic model was developed utilizing the surge in telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The core team consists of the patient's oncologist, geriatrician, registered nurse, pharmacist, and registered dietitian. The clinic's format is flexible, and the various assessments can be asynchronous. Patients choose the service method—in person, remotely, or hybrid. Based on GA outcomes, the geriatrician provides recommendations and arrange interventions. An assessment summary including life expectancy estimates and chemotoxicity risk calculator scores is conveyed to and discussed with the treating oncologist. Physician and patient satisfaction were assessed.ResultsBetween May 2021 and June 2022, 50 patients from multiple physical locations were evaluated in the CAIT clinic. Sixty‐eight percent was 80 years of age or older (range 67–99). All the evaluations were hybrid. The median days between receiving a referral and having the appointment was 8. GA detected multiple unidentified impairments. About half of the patients (52%) went on to receive chemotherapy (24% standard dose, 28% with dose modifications). The rest received radiation (20%), immune (12%) or hormonal (4%) therapies, 2% underwent surgery, 2% chose alternative medicine, 8% were placed under observation, and 6% enrolled in hospice care. Feedback was extremely positive.ConclusionsThe successful development of the CAIT clinic model provides strong support for the potential dissemination across services and institutions.
Wearable device use in older adults associated with physical activity guideline recommendations: Empirical research quantitative
Authors: Jiang Yun , Zeng Kai , Yang Rumei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo (1) describe the socio‐demographic and behavioural characteristics of older adults who use wearable devices for physical activity monitoring and (2) explore whether wearable device use increases the possibilities of meeting physical activity guideline recommendations among older adults and older adults with known cardiovascular disease or risk.BackgroundFinding ways to increase physical activity and reduce cardiovascular disease risk among older adults is a public health priority. Wearable technology has great potential for promoting physical activity among older adults.DesignA secondary analysis of the national data.MethodsA nationally representative sample of older adults aged 65 years and older (mean age = 73.79 years, N = 1484) and a subsample of older adults with known cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease risk (mean = 74.32 years, N = 1098) was used in the analysis. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design. This study was reported according to the STROBE checklist.ResultsThe overall prevalence of wearable device use among older adults and older adults with cardiovascular disease risk was 16% and 14%, respectively. Older adults with higher household incomes, better self‐rated health, and greater exercise enjoyment were more likely to use wearable devices. Compared with non‐users, older adult users were more likely to meet the recommended levels of moderate (55% vs. 31%) and strengthening activity guidelines (46% vs. 25%), but not of the sedentary behaviour guideline (69% vs. 62%). Similar findings were also seen in older adults with known cardiovascular disease or risk.ConclusionThe uptake of wearable devices in older adults, particularly those with known cardiovascular disease or risk is still low. The use of wearable devices is an important facilitator of physical activity. It is critical to provide individualised support for their engagement.Relevance to Clinical PracticeAge‐friendly design and individualised support are recommended to increase older adults' adoption of wearable devices to improve their physical health.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution was involved in this study since we used publicly available data.
Bulevirtide‐based treatment strategies for chronic hepatitis delta: A review
Authors: Degasperi Elisabetta , Anolli Maria Paola , Lampertico Pietro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChronic hepatitis Delta (CHD) is a rare and severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. Until recently, the only therapeutic approach has been the off‐label use of a 48 weeks course of PegInterferon alpha (PegIFNα), that was characterized by suboptimal efficacy and burdened by significant side effects that limited treatment applicability in patients with advanced liver disease. In July 2020, European Medicines Agency (EMA) conditionally approved the entry inhibitor Bulevirtde (BLV) at the dose of 2 mg/day for the treatment of adult patients with compensated CHD. Efficacy and safety of BLV in CHD have been evaluated in clinical trials either as monotherapy or in combination with PegIFNα. These results were confirmed by real‐life studies, which also evaluated long‐term BLV monotherapy in patients with advanced compensated cirrhosis. Notwithstanding these promising results there are still several issues to be addressed, such as the optimal duration of the treatment, the rates of off‐therapy responses, as well as the long‐term clinical benefits. This review summarizes updated and current literature data about clinical trials and real‐life studies with BLV monotherapy and/or in combination with PegIFNα.
Taste for pollen comes in different shapes: Consumption by tadpoles from three divergent ecomorphotypes
Authors: Kloh J. S. , Figueredo C. C. , Provete D. B. , Eterovick P. C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPollen is a nutritive resource, but its role in aquatic food webs is little studied. Successful pollen acquisition may require behavioral adaptations for tadpoles with certain morphologies; however, pollen coats are hard to break to enable content assimilation. We investigated the consumption of pollen by tadpoles from three ecomorphotypes adapted to feed on the surface (neustonic), the water column (nektonic) and the bottom (benthic). We sampled three developmental stage ranges at both wet and dry seasons at a site in southeastern Brazil. We analyzed the pollen content and coat‐breaking level in three sections of tadpole guts and in their feces. We compared pollen composition in tadpole guts among groups based on species and developmental stages and between seasons. We also compared the total number of pollen grains and proportion of broken grains (as a surrogate for digestion capacity) in the guts among species, developmental stages, and between seasons. Ecomorphotype, developmental stage, and season influenced both composition and quantity of pollen consumed. Neustonic tadpoles in general consumed a greater amount of pollen grains and broke them faster, compared to the other ecomorphotypes. Tadpoles showed some variation in the amount of pollen consumed among developmental stages, which interacted with species, but developmental stages of the same species did not differ. Pollen consumption only varied between seasons for the nektonic tadpoles, being greater in the dry season. The high nutritive value of pollen is likely to make consumption by tadpoles rewarding and has an important effect in aquatic food webs, reinforcing the importance of conserving riparian habitats and their vegetation.
Differential feeding rates of native and alien predators on the invasive Asian date mussel Arcuatula senhousia (Benson in cantor, 1842) in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon
Authors: Cabiddu Serenella , Addis Pierantonio , Palmas Francesco , Pusceddu Antonio 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe alien Asian date mussel Arcuatula senhousia inhabits several coastal environments worldwide. This species can form dense mats where individuals attach through byssus threads, thus altering the structure, functioning and biodiversity of the native communities. We investigated the feeding preference of different predators on this alien species in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon. To do this, a mesocosm experiment was conducted using two crab species (the Mediterranean green crab Carcinus aestuarii) and the Say mud crab Dyspanopeus sayi, and one gastropod, the banded dye‐murex Hexaplex trunculus as predators of A. senhousia with or without byssus mats. Our data suggest that C. aestuarii is a more effective predator against A. senhousia than D. sayi, and that H. trunculus is almost ineffective. A possible implication of this result is the potential use of the native crab C. aestuarii for limit the formation of the byssus mats, thus mitigating their potential negative effects on the native communities.