bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Effective Differentiated Instruction in Multicultural South African Secondary Schools
Authors: de Jager Thelma 
Published: June 2023

AbstractVarious contextual factors contribute to teachers’ failure to employ effective differentiated instruction in classroom practices. This is evident in the high drop-out rate of South African students. These students mostly attend schools in lower income and rural areas that are poorly resourced and where teachers are not always trained to support students and apply differentiated instruction in the classroom. The study aimed to establish from students’ observations and teachers’ perceptions to what extent differentiated instruction is employed in classrooms. Data was collected in public secondary schools (n = 25) of the Gauteng Province in South Africa, using a quantitative approach. The social context of these schools still embodies poverty, lack of educational opportunities and resources, and overcrowded classrooms (ratio 1:40). Two questionnaires were completed, one by secondary school students (n = 4510) and another by teachers (n = 424). Contradictions were detected when students’ observations of their teachers’ differentiated classroom practices were compared with their teachers’ perceptions. Findings showed that teachers did not always establish if students understood the content and did not always know what their difficulties were. The possible reasons could be inadequate training of teachers to identify students’ learning barriers and to create and implement differentiated activities; teachers experiencing a lack of time to complete the curriculum; a lack of resources; teaching large classes; and an inability to manage and maintain discipline in classes.
Differentiation and Students with Special Educational Needs: Teachers’ Intentions and Classroom Interactions
Authors: Kupers Elisa , de Boer Anke , Loopers Judith , Bakker Alianne , Minnaert Alexander 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDifferentiation is mainly linked to differences in learning capacities, but studenss differ in more domains: differences in motivation, behavior and special educational needs (SEN) are equally relevant. In line with the world-wide trend towards inclusive education, the aim of this chapter is to shed light on Dutch teachers’ intentions to differentiate, as well as possible differences in interactions between teachers and students with and without SEN in regular secondary vocational educational education. We first analyzed teachers’ online diary entries with regards to their intended differentiation practices for the next lesson. We coded what kind of intentions arise, the level of detail and quality of these intentions and to what kind of differentiation is referred (only cognitive, or possibly also differentiation on domains of behavior, motivation, or students with SEN). Second, we focused on one-to-one classroom interactions between teachers and students with and without special educational needs. We analyzed to what extent there are differences between the interactions of students with and without SEN in terms of teachers’ need-supportive teaching and students’ engagement. Together, these studies contribute to our understanding of differentiation intentions and practices with regards to meeting the needs of all students in diverse classrooms.
Towards closed-walled designs in topology optimization using selective penalization
Authors: Rieser Jasper , Zimmermann Markus 
Published: June 2023

Abstract3D topology optimization using a density approach with penalization usually produces truss-like, open-walled structures. The coarser the mesh, the smaller the volume fraction, and the faster the penalization is increased, the more pronounced this effect tends to be. However, closed-walled designs are often more efficient and have other beneficial properties. For instance, closed walls can contribute to achieving self-supporting designs for additive manufacturing that potentially require fewer sacrificial support structures than truss-like designs. This paper presents a two-step optimization procedure for generating closed-walled designs using coarse meshes. The first step takes the usual Eulerian approach of performing a SIMP-based topology optimization on a fixed mesh. To keep thin geometrical features, like walls with a thickness below element size, penalization is switched off deliberately where the formation of such features is detected. Adopting a Lagrangian description, intermediate densities still present in the optimized design are subsequently eliminated in a second step by shrinking each element according to its density. By analogy with volumetric thermal contraction, this is accomplished by solving a fictitious thermo-elastic problem where the temperature has been replaced by a density expression. The outcome is a morphed mesh with a somewhat smoothed surface and a volume close to the specified material volume limit. This body-fitted representation of the design considerably simplifies the final conversion into a manufacturable CAD-type geometry. The two-step optimization procedure is applied to a cantilever, a torsion rod, and a disk reinforcement benchmark problem. Optimized designs are closed-walled and show very good agreement to those found for much finer meshes. Problem-specific stiffness improvements over truss-like designs between $$6\%$$

6
%

and almost $$30\%$$

30
%

were achieved and confirmed the findings previously reported by other authors.
Linear stability of a counter-rotating vortex pair approaching an inviscid wall
Authors: Herndon Mark A. , Jaworski Justin W. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The influence of an inviscid planar wall on the temporal development of the long-wavelength instability of a trailing vortex pair is formulated analytically and studied numerically. The center positions and deformation perturbations of the trailing vortices are marched forward in time via the vortex filament method based on Biot–Savart induction. An optimal perturbation analysis of the vortex system determines the wavenumber and initial condition that yield maximum perturbation growth for any instant in time. Direct integration of the vortex system highlights its sensitivity to initial conditions and the time dependence of the optimal wavenumber, which are not features of the classical free vortex pair. As the counter-rotating vortex pair approaches the wall, the wavenumber for maximum growth shifts to a higher value than what is predicted for the Crow instability of vortices in an unbounded fluid. The present analysis demonstrates that the local suppression of the Crow instability near a planar wall may be described without recourse to viscous fluid arguments.

Graphical abstract
Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on exercise capacity: a prognostic improvement that starts during uptitration
Authors: Mapelli Massimo , Mattavelli Irene , Paolillo Stefania , Salvioni Elisabetta , Magrì Damiano , Galotta Arianna , De Martino Fabiana , Mantegazza Valentina , Vignati Carlo , Esposito Immacolata , Dell’Aversana Simona , Paolillo Roberta , Capovilla Teresa , Tamborini Gloria , Nepitella Alessandro Alberto , Filardi Pasquale Perrone , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Sacubitril/valsartan is a mainstay of the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF); however, its effects on exercise performance yielded conflicting results. Aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of sacubitril/valsartan on exercise parameters and echocardiographic and biomarker changes at different drug doses.

Methods
We prospectively enrolled consecutive HFrEF outpatients eligible to start sacubitril/valsartan. Patients underwent clinical assessment, cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), blood sampling, echocardiography, and completed the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-12). Sacubitril/valsartan was introduced at 24/26 mg b.i.d. dose and progressively uptitrated in a standard monthly-based fashion to 97/103 mg b.i.d. or maximum tolerated dose. Study procedures were repeated at each titration visit and 6 months after reaching the maximum tolerated dose.

Results
Ninety-six patients completed the study, 73 (75%) reached maximum sacubitril/valsartan dose. We observed a significant improvement in functional capacity across all study steps: oxygen intake increased, at peak exercise (from 15.6 ± 4.5 to 16.5 ± 4.9 mL/min/kg; p trend = 0.001), while minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship reduced in patients with an abnormal value at baseline. Sacubitril/valsartan induced positive left ventricle reverse remodeling (EF from 31 ± 5 to 37 ± 8%; p trend < 0.001), while NT-proBNP reduced from 1179 [610–2757] to 780 [372–1344] pg/ml (p trend < 0.0001). NYHA functional class and the subjective perception of limitation in daily life at KCCQ-12 significantly improved. The Metabolic Exercise Cardiac Kidney Index (MECKI) score progressively improved from 4.35 [2.42–7.71] to 2.35% [1.24–4.96], p = 0.003.

Conclusions
A holistic and progressive HF improvement was observed with sacubitril/valsartan in parallel with quality of life. Likewise, a prognostic enhancement was observed.
Using patient-derived tumor organoids from common epithelial cancers to analyze personalized T-cell responses to neoantigens
Authors: Parikh Anup Y. , Masi Robert , Gasmi Billel , Hanada Ken-ichi , Parkhurst Maria , Gartner Jared , Sindiri Sivasish , Prickett Todd , Robbins Paul , Zacharakis Nikolaos , Beshiri Mike , Kelly Kathleen , Rosenberg Steven A. , Yang James C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdoptive cell transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate durable complete responses in some patients with common epithelial cancers but does so infrequently. A better understanding of T-cell responses to neoantigens and tumor-related immune evasion mechanisms requires having the autologous tumor as a reagent. We investigated the ability of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) to fulfill this need and evaluated their utility as a tool for selecting T-cells for adoptive cell therapy. PDTO established from metastases from patients with colorectal, breast, pancreatic, bile duct, esophageal, lung, and kidney cancers underwent whole exomic sequencing (WES), to define mutations. Organoids were then evaluated for recognition by autologous TIL or T-cells transduced with cloned T-cell receptors recognizing defined neoantigens. PDTO were also used to identify and clone TCRs from TIL targeting private neoantigens and define those tumor-specific targets. PDTO were successfully established in 38/47 attempts. 75% were available within 2 months, a timeframe compatible with screening TIL for clinical administration. These lines exhibited good genetic fidelity with their parental tumors, especially for mutations with higher clonality. Immunologic recognition assays demonstrated instances of HLA allelic loss not found by pan-HLA immunohistochemistry and in some cases WES of fresh tumor. PDTO could also be used to show differences between TCRs recognizing the same antigen and to find and clone TCRs recognizing private neoantigens. PDTO can detect tumor-specific defects blocking T-cell recognition and may have a role as a selection tool for TCRs and TIL used in adoptive cell therapy.
Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on Readmission Rates Following Colorectal Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lemke Madeline , Allen Laura , Samarasinghe Nadeesha , Vogt Kelly , Brackstone Muriel , Zwiep Terry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic placed increased pressure to discharge patients early; this could have resulted in rushed discharges requiring patients to return to hospital. The impact of the pandemic on readmission after colorectal surgery is unknown.MethodsThe National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database was used to compare patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery in 2019 and 2020, prior to and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine variables associated with readmission. Propensity score matching was then used to compare patients in the pre‐pandemic and pandemic cohorts.ResultsA total of 72,874 colorectal cases were included. There were 17.7% less cases in 2020. Rate of readmission was similar in both groups (9.6% vs. 9.4%). There were fewer patients discharged to a facility such as nursing facility or rehabilitation center in 2020, with more patients discharged home. Year was not associated with readmission on multivariable analysis. In the matched cohort, readmission rates did not differ (9.7% vs. 9.3% p = 0.129) nor did mortality (0.8% vs. 0.8% p = 0.686).ConclusionsNo difference in readmission rates before or during the COVID‐19 pandemic was observed; suggesting increased pressure to keep patients out of hospital in the COVID‐19 pandemic did not result in patients being rushed home requiring repeat admission. More patients were discharged home with fewer to rehabilitation or nursing facilities in 2020, suggesting success with avoiding transitional services in the right setting.
Adavosertib (AZD1775) does not prolong the QTc interval in patients with advanced solid tumors: a phase I open-label study
Authors: Någård Mats , Ah-See Mei-Lin , Strauss James , Wise-Draper Trisha , Safran Howard P. , Nadeau Laura , Edenfield William J. , Lewis Lionel D. , Rekić Dinko , Dota Corina , Ottesen Lone H. , Li Yan , Mugundu Ganesh M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Adavosertib is a small-molecule, ATP-competitive inhibitor of Wee1 kinase. Molecularly targeted oncology agents have the potential to increase the risk of cardiovascular events, including prolongation of QT interval and associated cardiac arrhythmias. This study investigated the effect of adavosertib on the QTc interval in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years of age with advanced solid tumors for which no standard therapy existed. Patients received adavosertib 225 mg twice daily on days 1–2 at 12-h intervals and once on day 3. Patients underwent digital 12-lead electrocardiogram and pharmacokinetic assessments pre-administration and time-matched assessments during the drug administration period. The relationship between maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) and baseline-adjusted corrected QT interval by Fridericia (QTcF) was estimated using a prespecified linear mixed-effects model.

Results
Twenty-one patients received adavosertib. Concentration–QT modeling of ΔQTcF and the upper limit of the 90% confidence interval corresponding to the geometric mean of Cmax observed on days 1 and 3 were below the threshold for regulatory concern (not > 10 ms). No significant relationship between ΔQTcF (vs baseline) and adavosertib concentration was identified (P = 0.27). Pharmacokinetics and the adverse event (AE) profile were consistent with previous studies at this dose. Eleven (52.4%) patients experienced 17 treatment-related AEs in total, including diarrhea and nausea (both reported in six [28.6%] patients), vomiting (reported in two [9.5%] patients), anemia, decreased appetite, and constipation (all reported in one [4.8%] patient).

Conclusion
Adavosertib does not have a clinically important effect on QTc prolongation.

ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT03333824.
Grundlagen der Nierenpathologie für Pathologen – Teil 2
Authors: Gaspert Ariana , Büttner-Herold Maike , Amann Kerstin 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Nierenbiopsiediagnostik bei medizinisch indizierten Biopsien und Nierentransplantatbiopsien wird überwiegend in Zentren mit ausgebildeten Nephropathologen betrieben. Veränderungen im nichtneoplastischen Nierenparenchym bei tumorbedingten Nephrektomien, insbesondere nichtentzündliche, ischämisch und vaskulär bedingte Veränderungen oder diabetische Nephropathie, können bei Patienten mit lokalisiertem Nierenkarzinomen und gutem tumorassoziiertem Überleben prognostisch von größerer Bedeutung sein als das Tumorleiden an sich. In diesem Teil zu den Grundlagen der Nierenpathologie für Pathologen sollen die häufigsten nichtentzündlichen Nierenerkrankungen im vaskulären, glomerulären und tubulointerstitiellen Kompartiment beleuchtet werden.
Assessment of antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies receiving treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin
Authors: Bae Sangmee Sharon , Faure-Kumar Emmanuelle , Ferbas Kathie , Wang Jennifer , Shahbazian Ani , Truong Linh , Yang Howard , McMahon Maureen , FitzGerald John D. , Charles-Schoeman Christina 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAntibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported in pooled healthy donor plasma and intravenous immunoglobulin products (IVIG). It is not known whether administration of IVIG increases circulating anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (COVID ab) in IVIG recipients. COVID ab against the receptor binding domain of the spike protein were analyzed using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) both receiving and not receiving IVIG (IVIG and non-IVIG group, respectively). No significant differences in COVID ab levels were noted between IVIG and non-IVIG groups (417 [67–1342] AU/mL in IVIG vs 5086 [43–40,442] AU/mL in non-IVIG, p = 0.11). In linear regression models including all post-vaccination patient samples, higher number of vaccine doses was strongly associated with higher COVID ab levels (2.85 [1.21, 4.48] log AU/mL, regression coefficient $$\beta$$
β
[95% CI], p = 0.001), while use of RTX was associated with lower ab levels (2.73 [− 4.53, − 0.93] log AU/mL, $$\beta$$
β
[95%CI], p = 0.004). In the IVIG group, higher total monthly doses of IVIG were associated with slightly higher COVID ab levels (0.02 [0.002–0.05] log AU/mL, p = 0.04). While patients on IVIG did not have higher COVID ab levels compared to the non-IVIG group, higher monthly doses of IVIG were associated with higher circulating levels of COVID ab in patients receiving IVIG, particularly in patients concomitantly receiving RTX. Our findings suggest that IIM patients, especially those at increased risk of COVID infection and worse COVID outcomes due to RTX therapy may have protective benefits when on concurrent IVIG treatment.
MRI proton density fat fraction for estimation of tumor grade in steatotic hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kupczyk Patrick Arthur , Kurt Darius , Endler Christoph , Luetkens Julian Alexander , Kukuk Guido Matthias , Fronhoffs Florian , Fischer Hans-Peter , Attenberger Ulrike Irmgard , Pieper Claus Christian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Image-based detection of intralesional fat in focal liver lesions has been established in diagnostic guidelines as a feature indicative of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated with a favorable prognosis. Given recent advances in MRI-based fat quantification techniques, we investigated a possible relationship between intralesional fat content and histologic tumor grade in steatotic HCCs.

Methods
Patients with histopathologically confirmed HCC and prior MRI with proton density fat fraction (PDFF) mapping were retrospectively identified. Intralesional fat of HCCs was assessed using an ROI-based analysis and the median fat fraction of steatotic HCCs was compared between tumor grades G1-3 with non-parametric testing. ROC analysis was performed in case of statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses were conducted for patients with/without liver steatosis and with/without liver cirrhosis.

Results
A total of 57 patients with steatotic HCCs (62 lesions) were eligible for analysis. The median fat fraction was significantly higher for G1 lesions (median [interquartile range], 7.9% [6.0─10.7%]) than for G2 (4.4% [3.2─6.6%]; p = .001) and G3 lesions (4.7% [2.8─7.8%]; p = .036). PDFF was a good discriminator between G1 and G2/3 lesions (AUC .81; cut-off 5.8%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 68%) with comparable results in patients with liver cirrhosis. In patients with liver steatosis, intralesional fat content was higher than in the overall sample, with PDFF performing better in distinguishing between G1 and G2/3 lesions (AUC .92; cut-off 8.8%, sensitivity 83%, specificity 91%).

Conclusions
Quantification of intralesional fat using MRI PDFF mapping allows distinction between well- and less-differentiated steatotic HCCs.

Clinical relevance
PDFF mapping may help optimize precision medicine as a tool for tumor grade assessment in steatotic HCCs. Further investigation of intratumoral fat content as a potential prognostic indicator of treatment response is encouraged.

Key Points
• MRI proton density fat fraction mapping enables distinction between well- (G1) and less- (G2 and G3) differentiated steatotic hepatocellular carcinomas.
• In a retrospective single-center study with 62 histologically proven steatotic hepatocellular carcinomas, G1 tumors showed a higher intralesional fat content than G2 and G3 tumors (7.9% vs. 4.4% and 4.7%; p = .004).
• In liver steatosis, MRI proton density fat fraction mapping was an even better discriminator between G1 and G2/G3 steatotic hepatocellular carcinomas.
Development and validation of dynamic bioenergetic model for intermittent ergometer cycling
Authors: Lidar Julius , Ainegren Mats , Sundström David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a bioenergetic model describing the dynamic behavior of the alactic, lactic, and aerobic metabolic energy supply systems as well as different sources of the total metabolic energy demand.

Methods
The bioenergetic supply model consisted of terms for the alactic, lactic, and aerobic system metabolic rates while the demand model consisted of terms for the corresponding metabolic rates of principal cycling work, pulmonary ventilation, and accumulated metabolites. The bioenergetic model was formulated as a system of differential equations and model parameters were estimated by a non-linear grey-box approach, utilizing power output and aerobic metabolic rate (MRae) data from fourteen cyclists performing an experimental trial (P2) on a cycle ergometer. Validity was assessed by comparing model simulation and measurements on a similar follow-up experimental trial (P3).

Results
The root mean square error between modelled and measured MRae was 61.9 ± 7.9 W and 79.2 ± 30.5 W for P2 and P3, respectively. The corresponding mean absolute percentage error was 8.6 ± 1.5% and 10.6 ± 3.3% for P2 and P3, respectively.

Conclusion
The validation of the model showed excellent overall agreement between measured and modeled MRae during intermittent cycling by well-trained male cyclist. However, the standard deviation was 38.5% of the average root mean square error for P3, indicating not as good reliability.