bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green synthesis of multi-functional carbon dots from medicinal plant leaves for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and bioimaging applications
Authors: Gedda Gangaraju , Sankaranarayanan Sri Amruthaa , Putta Chandra Lekha , Gudimella Krishna Kanthi , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Girma Wubshet Mekonnen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this research work, carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized from the renewable leaves of an indigenous medicinal plant by the one-pot sand bath method, Azadirachta indica. The synthesized CDs were characterized for its optical properties using UV–Vis, Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrophotometry and for structural properties using dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The synthesized CDs exhibited concentration dependent biocompatibility when tested in mouse fibroblast L929 cell line. The EC50 values of biomedical studies, free radical scavenging activity (13.87 μgmL−1), and total antioxidant capacity (38 μgmL−1) proved CDs were exceptionally good. These CDs showed an appreciable zone of inhibition when examined on four bacterial (two gram-positive and gram-negative) and two fungal strains at minimum concentrations. Cellular internalisation studies performed on human breast cancer cells (MCF 7- bioimaging) revealed the applicability of CDs in bioimaging, wherein the inherent fluorescence of CDs were utilised. Thus, the CDs developed are potential as bioimaging, antioxidants and antimicrobial agents.
Clinical outcomes after a single induction dose of etomidate versus ketamine for emergency department sepsis intubation: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Srivilaithon Winchana , Bumrungphanithaworn Atidtaya , Daorattanachai Kiattichai , Limjindaporn Chitlada , Amnuaypattanapon Kumpol , Imsuwan Intanon , Diskumpon Nipon , Dasanadeba Ittabud , Siripakarn Yaowapha , Ueamsaranworakul Thosapol , Pornpanit Chatchanan , Pornpachara Vanussarin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatients with sepsis often require emergency intubation. In emergency departments (EDs), rapid-sequence intubation with a single-dose induction agent is standard practice, but the best choice of induction agent in sepsis remains controversial. We conducted a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial in the ED. We included septic patients who were aged at least 18 years and required sedation for emergency intubation. Patients were randomly assigned by a blocked randomization to receive 0.2–0.3 mg/kg of etomidate or 1–2 mg/kg of ketamine for intubation. The objectives were to compare the survival outcomes and adverse events after intubation between etomidate and ketamine. Two hundred and sixty septic patients were enrolled; 130 patients/drug arm whose baseline characteristics were well balanced at baseline. In the etomidate group, 105 patients (80.8%) were alive at 28 days, compared with 95 patients (73.1%) in the ketamine group (risk difference [RD], 7.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], − 2.5 to 17.9%; P = 0.092). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients who survived at 24 h (91.5% vs. 96.2%; P = 0.097) and survived at 7 days (87.7% vs. 87.7%; P = 0.574). A significantly higher proportion of the etomidate group needed a vasopressor within 24 h after intubation: 43.9% vs. 17.7%, RD, 26.2% (95% CI, 15.4 to 36.9%; P < 0.001). In conclusion, there were no differences in early and late survival rates between etomidate and ketamine. However, etomidate was associated with higher risks of early vasopressor use after intubation. Trial registration: The trial protocol was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (identification number: TCTR20210213001). Registered 13 February 2021—Retrospectively registered, https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/export/pdf/TCTR20210213001.
Exploiting convergent phenotypes to derive a pan-cancer cisplatin response gene expression signature
Authors: Scarborough Jessica A. , Eschrich Steven A. , Torres-Roca Javier , Dhawan Andrew , Scott Jacob G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPrecision medicine offers remarkable potential for the treatment of cancer, but is largely focused on tumors that harbor actionable mutations. Gene expression signatures can expand the scope of precision medicine by predicting response to traditional (cytotoxic) chemotherapy agents without relying on changes in mutational status. We present a new signature extraction method, inspired by the principle of convergent phenotypes, which states that tumors with disparate genetic backgrounds may evolve similar phenotypes independently. This evolutionary-informed method can be utilized to produce consensus signatures predictive of response to over 200 chemotherapeutic drugs found in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) Database. Here, we demonstrate its use by extracting the Cisplatin Response Signature (CisSig). We show that this signature can predict cisplatin response within carcinoma-based cell lines from the GDSC database, and expression of the signatures aligns with clinical trends seen in independent datasets of tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Total Cancer Care (TCC) database. Finally, we demonstrate preliminary validation of CisSig for use in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, predicting overall survival in a small cohort of patients who undergo cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. This methodology can be used to produce robust signatures that, with further clinical validation, may be used for the prediction of traditional chemotherapeutic response, dramatically increasing the reach of personalized medicine in cancer.
Circulating biomarkers associated with placental dysfunction and their utility for predicting fetal growth restriction
Authors: Hong Jesrine , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) leading to low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Normal placental development involves a series of highly regulated processes involving a multitude of hormones, transcription factors, and cell lineages. Failure to achieve this leads to placental dysfunction and related placental diseases such as pre-clampsia and FGR. Early recognition of at-risk pregnancies is important because careful maternal and fetal surveillance can potentially prevent adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes by judicious pregnancy surveillance and careful timing of birth. Given the association between a variety of circulating maternal biomarkers, adverse pregnancy, and perinatal outcomes, screening tests based on these biomarkers, incorporating maternal characteristics, fetal biophysical or circulatory variables have been developed. However, their clinical utility has yet to be proven. Of the current biomarkers, placental growth factor and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 appear to have the most promise for placental dysfunction and predictive utility for FGR.
Novel avenues to control blood pressure: targeting the renal lymphatic system
Authors: Chignalia Andreia Zago 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hypertension is associated with the activation of the immune and lymphatic systems as well as lymphangiogenesis. The changes in the lymphatic system are considered an adaptive response to mitigate the deleterious effects of immune and inflammatory cells on the cardiovascular system. In the article recently published in Clinical Science by Goodlett and collaborators, evidence is shown that inducing renal lymphangiogenesis after the establishment of hypertension in mice is an effective maneuver to reduce systemic arterial blood pressure. In this commentary, we will briefly review what is known about the relationship between the activation of the immune and lymphatic systems, and the resulting effects on systemic blood pressure, summarize the findings published by Goodlett and collaborators, and discuss the impact of their findings on the field.
ATOMIUM: Probing the inner wind of evolved O-rich stars with new, highly excited H2O and OH lines
Authors: Baudry A. , Wong K. T. , Etoka S. , Richards A. M. S. , Müller H. S. P. , Herpin F. , Danilovich T. , Gray M. D. , Wallström S. , Gobrecht D. , Khouri T. , Decin L. , Gottlieb C. A. , Menten K. M. , Homan W. , Millar T. J. , Montargès M. , Pimpanuwat B. , Plane J. M. C. , Kervella P. 
Published: April 2023

Context. Water (H2O) and the hydroxyl radical (OH) are major constituents of the envelope of O-rich late-type stars. Transitions involving energy levels that are rotationally or vibrationally highly excited (energies ≳4000 K) have been observed in both H2O and OH. These and more recently discovered transitions can now be observed at a high sensitivity and angular resolution in the inner wind close to the stellar photosphere with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
Aims. Our goals are: (1) to identify and map the emission and absorption of H2O in several vibrational states, and of OH in Λ-doubling transitions with similar excitation energies; and (2) to determine the physical conditions and kinematics in gas layers close to the extended atmosphere in a sample of asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) and red supergiants (RSGs).
Methods. Spectra and maps of H2O and OH lines observed in a 27 GHz aggregated bandwidth and with an angular resolution of ~0."02−1."0 were obtained at two epochs with the main ALMA array. Additional observations with the Atacama Compact Array (ACA) were used to check for time variability of water transitions. Radiative transfer models of H2O were revisited to characterize masing conditions. Up-to-date chemical models were used for comparison with the observed OH/H2O abundance ratio.
Results. Ten rotational transitions of H2O with excitation energies ~4000–9000 K were observed in vibrational states up to (υ1,υ2,υ3) = (0,1,1). All but one are new detections in space, and from these we have derived accurate rest frequencies. Hyperfine split Λ-doubling transitions in υ = 0, J = 27/2 and 29/2 levels of the 2Π3/2 state, as well as J = 33/2 and 35/2 of the 2Π1/2 state of OH with excitation energies of ~4780–8900 K were also observed. Four of these transitions are new detections in space. Combining our measurements with earlier observations of OH, the υ = 0 and υ = 1 Λ-doubling frequencies have been improved. Our H2O maps show compact emission toward the central star and extensions up to twelve stellar radii or more. The 268.149 GHz emission line of water in the υ2 = 2 state is time variable, tends to be masing with dominant radiative pumping, and is widely excited in AGBs and RSGs. The widespread but weaker 262.898 GHz water line in the υ2 = 1 state also shows signs of maser emission. The OH emission is weak and quasithermally excited. Emission and absorption features of H2O and OH reveal an infall of matter and complex kinematics influenced by binarity. From the OH and H2O column densities derived with nonmasing transitions in a few sources, we obtain OH/H2O abundance ratios of ~(0.7–2.8) × 10−2.
Rainy downdrafts in abyssal atmospheres
Authors: Markham S. , Guillot T. , Li C. 
Published: April 2023

Context.Results from Juno’s Microwave Radiometer (MWR) indicate nonuniform mixing of ammonia vapor in Jupiter’s atmosphere down to tens of bars, far beneath the cloud level. Helioseismic observations suggest solar convection may require narrow, concentrated downdrafts called entropy rain to accommodate the Sun’s luminosity. Both observations suggest some mechanism of nonlocal convec-tive transport.Aims.We seek to predict the depth that a concentrated density anomaly can reach before efficiently mixing with its environment in bottomless atmospheres.Methods.We modified classic self-similar analytical models of entraining thermals to account for the compressibility of an abyssal atmosphere. We compared these models to the output of high-resolution three-dimensional fluid dynamical simulations to more accurately model the chaotic influence of turbulence.Results.We find that localized density anomalies propagate down to ~3−8 times their initial size without substantially mixing with their environment. Our analytic model accurately predicts the initial flow, but the self-similarity assumption breaks down after the flow becomes unstable at a characteristic penetration depth.Conclusions.In the context of Jupiter, our findings suggest that precipitation concentrated into localized downdrafts of size ~20 km can coherently penetrate to on the order of a hundred kilometers (tens of bars) beneath its initial vaporization level without mixing with its environment. This finding is consistent with expected convective storm length scales and Juno MWR measurements of ammonia depletion. In the context of the Sun, we find that turbulent downdrafts in abyssal atmospheres cannot maintain their coherence through the Sun’s convective layer, a potential challenge for the entropy rain hypothesis.
Gouvernance foncière des grands périmètres irrigués au Sahel et justice sociale
Authors: Daré William’s , Adamczewski-Hertzog Amandine , Ba Alpha 
Published: April 2023

L’intérêt du développement de grands périmètres irrigués pour répondre aux enjeux de sécurité alimentaire des pays du Sahel demeure l’objet de nombreuses critiques quant aux effets négatifs de leur mise en place et de leur exploitation : accaparement des terres, dégradation environnementale, vulnérabilité accrue des ménages… Certaines de ces critiques sont portées par les sociétés civiles et les populations affectées par les projets d’aménagement qui trouvent injuste de se voir dépossédées de la gestion de leur foncier et des ressources qu’il porte. Dans cet article, à partir de trois études de cas – Sélingué au Mali, Bagré au Burkina Faso et la Compagnie agricole de Saint-Louis au Sénégal – nous montrons que les conflits autour du foncier irrigué sont révélateurs de revendications des populations pour une plus grande justice dans la gouvernance des périmètres irrigués. Pour réaliser notre analyse, le cadre théorique de la justice sociale de Fraser et ses trois dimensions (redistribution, reconnaissance, participation) sont exposés pour analyser les revendications exprimées par les acteurs pour la reconnaissance de leurs droits fonciers. Constatant les rapports de domination au sein de trois périmètres irrigués, nous discutons des différentes dimensions de la justice sociale dans la gouvernance du foncier à travers l’analyse des conditions d’installation des populations. Enfin, nous suggérons qu’une « approche par les communs » pourrait permettre de placer les enjeux de justice pour les populations au cœur d’une gouvernance plus équitable des aménagements.
Autoimmunerkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Karges Beate , Woelfle Joachim 
Published: April 2023

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGJeder 4.–5. Patient mit Typ-1-Diabetes hat eine zusätzliche Autoimmunerkrankung. Die häufigsten Funktionsstörungen sind Hypothyreose und Zöliakie, die ohne eindeutige klinische Symptome auftreten können. Daher wird ein Screening dieser Erkrankungen bei Diabetesmanifestation und im Verlauf empfohlen. Diagnostische Kriterien der Autoimmunthyreoiditis sind positive Schilddrüsen-Autoantikörper und sonografisch ein echoarmes, inhomogenes Parenchym. Eine Therapie mit Levothyroxin ist nur bei Hypothyreose oder Struma sinnvoll, nicht bei Euthyreose. Die Zöliakie wird durch positive Antikörper gegen Gewebstransglutaminase und Endomysium im Serum diagnostiziert, zusätzlich sichert die Dünndarmbiopsie mit Nachweis der Zottenatrophie die Diagnose. Die glutenfreie Diät mit Erreichen einer Seronegativität ist auch für asymptomatische Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes vorteilhaft. Morbus Basedow, Autoimmungastritis und Morbus Addison sind bei Patienten mit Typ-1-Diabetes häufiger als bei Individuen ohne Diabetes, insgesamt aber seltener, sodass die spezifische Diagnostik nur bei klinischem Verdacht oder bei autoimmunen polyendokrinen Syndromen (z. B. APS-2) sinnvoll ist.
Operative Eingriffe im Bereich der Hand und des Handgelenkes bei
rheumatischen Affektionen in der Jugend
Authors: Arbogast Martin 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis (JIA) hat in den
vergangenen 25 Jahren dramatische Fortschritte gemacht. „Hit hard and
early“ sind die Wesenszüge der medikamentösen Behandlung
entzündlich-rheumatischer Erkrankungen heutzutage [7,9,11,12]. Im
Zeitalter der Biologika läßt die medikamentöse Vielfalt
multiple Variationen zu, um den Erkrankungsprozess zu verlangsamen oder gar zu
stoppen [19]. Deshalb ist es wichtig geworden, bei fehlender Rückbildung
der Prozeßaktivität im Sinne einer synovialen Schwellung an
Sehnen oder Gelenken frühzeitig die Frage einer operativen Therapie zum
Sehen- oder Gelenkerhalt beantwortet zu wissen [25]. Durch ein
frühzeitiges Interagieren von medikamentöser und operativer
Therapie kann dem betroffenen jungen Rheumatiker langfristig eine schmerzarme
und wenig funktionsgeminderte Alltagstauglichkeit nicht nur der Hand geschaffen
werden. Dabei hat der Sehnen- und Gelenkerhalt nicht nur an der Hand
höchste Priorität vor den rekonstruktiven operativen
Möglichkeiten.
Wer raucht eigentlich Shisha?
Authors: Werse Bernd , Hornig Larissa , Kamphausen Gerrit , Stöver Heino 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDer Konsum von orientalischen Wasserpfeifen (Shishas) ist seit Mitte der 2000er Jahre nicht mehr nur unter migrantischen Populationen ein Thema, sondern auch unter deutschen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Allgemeinen verbreitet. Über die Ergebnisse der jüngeren Prävalenzforschung hinausgehend ist jedoch über Konsumgewohnheiten und Motive deutscher Shisha-Konsumierender nichts bekannt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird folglich zunächst ein Überblick über Verbreitung, Trendentwicklungen und soziodemographische Charakteristika von Personen mit Konsumerfahrungen und aktuellem Gebrauch präsentiert. Aus der internationalen Fachliteratur skizzieren wir zudem einige Erkenntnisse über Motivkonstellationen für den Shisha-Konsum. Angesichts des Forschungsdefizits zum Thema im deutschsprachigen Raum sind Konsummotive zentraler Fokus eines neuen Projektes (Shisha-M), das gegen Ende dieses Artikels kurz vorgestellt wird. In der abschließenden Diskussion werden die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse vor dem Hintergrund von Prävention und Schadensminderung erörtert und die Aktualität des Phänomens Wasserpfeife für die öffentliche Gesundheit diskutiert.
(Trainings-)Methodische Empfehlungen eines körperlichen
Trainings zur Verbesserung der Knochenfestigkeit
Authors: von Stengel Simon , Kohl Matthias , Jakob Franz , Kerschan-Schindl Katharina , Lange Uwe , Peters Stefan , Thomasius Friederike , Uder Michael , Shojaa Mahdieh , Kemmler Wolfgang 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Belastungskomponenten bestimmen die Ausrichtung der Trainingsreize und sind
somit maßgebend für die Wirkung eines Trainingsprotokolls auf
die Knochenfestigkeit. In Anlehnung an die klassische Trainingswissenschaft ist
eine Klassifizierung der Belastungskomponenten in Reizhöhe
(„strain-magnitude“), Reizrate („strain-rate“),
Wiederholungsanzahl („cycle number“), Reizdauer, Reizfrequenz,
Reizdichte und Trainingshäufigkeit nachvollziehbar und anwendbar.
Zusammenfassend weisen intensitätsorientierte Trainingsprogramme, die
mit hoher Reizhöhe und -rate und kurzer Reizdauer im dynamischen Modus
mindestens zweimal/Woche appliziert werden, die höchste
osteoanabole Potenz auf. Die Anzahl der Wiederholungen spielt bei der Anwendung
hoher Reizintensitäten eine geringe Rolle. Reizintensitäten im
Grenzbereich oder (leicht) unter der mechanischen Reizschwelle können
möglicherweise über eine Erhöhung der
Wiederholungsanzahl auf ein überschwelliges Niveau angehoben werden.
Ähnliches gilt für die Reizfrequenz im Spektrum der
willkürlichen Aktivierung (<5 Hz). Die Reizdichte
bezieht ihre Relevanz aus der Desensibilisierungsproblematik des Knochens nach
häufiger überschwelliger Reizsetzung.
Regelmäßige Entlastungsphasen zur Resensibilisierung des
Knochengewebes können im Rahmen blockperiodisierter Trainingsprogramme
Raum für die Adressierung anderer relevanter Trainingsziele ohne
relevante mechanische Belastung bieten.
Implementation of 2D Barcode Medication Labels and Smart Pumps in Pediatric Acute Care: Lessons Learned
Authors: Erdfelder Felix , Ebach Fabian , Zoller Richard , Walterscheid Verena , Weiss Claudia , Kappler Jochen , Görtzen-Patin Jan , Schmitt Joachim , Freudenthal Noa J. , Müller A. , Ksellmann Anne , Grigutsch Daniel , Külshammer Manuel , Füssel Maike , Zenker Sven 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background In pediatric intensive care, prescription, administration, and interpretation of drug doses are weight dependent. The use of standardized concentrations simplifies the preparation of drugs and increases safety. For safe administration as well as easy interpretation of intravenous drug dosing regimens with standardized concentrations, the display of weight-related dose rates on the infusion device is of pivotal significance.
Objectives We report on challenges in the implementation of a new information technology-supported medication workflow. The workflow was introduced on eight beds in the pediatric heart surgery intensive care unit as well as in the pediatric anesthesia at the University of Bonn Medical Center. The proposed workflow utilizes medication labels generated from prescription data from the electronic health record. The generated labels include a two-dimensional barcode to transfer data to the infusion devices.
Methods Clinical and technical processes were agilely developed. The reliability of the system under real-life conditions was monitored. User satisfaction and potential for improvement were assessed. In addition, a structured survey among the nursing staff was performed. The questionnaire addressed usability as well as the end-users' perception of the effects on patient safety.
Results The workflow has been applied 44,111 times during the pilot phase. A total of 114 known failures in the technical infrastructure were observed. The survey showed good ratings for usability and safety (median “school grade” 2 or B for patient safety, intelligibility, patient identification, and handling). The medical management of the involved acute care facilities rated the process as clearly beneficial regarding patient safety, suggesting a rollout to all pediatric intensive care areas.
Conclusion A medical information technology-supported medication workflow can increase user satisfaction and patient safety as perceived by the clinical end-users in pediatric acute care. The successful implementation benefits from an interdisciplinary team, active investigation of possible associated risks, and technical redundancy.