bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in individuals with an alcohol‐related emergency or hospital inpatient presentation: A retrospective data linkage cohort study
Authors: Leung Janni , Chiu Vivian , Man Nicola , Yuen Wing See , Dobbins Timothy , Dunlop Adrian , Gisev Natasa , Hall Wayne , Larney Sarah , Pearson Sallie‐Anne , Degenhardt Louisa , Peacock Amy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsAlcohol consumption is a leading risk factor for premature mortality globally, but there are limited studies of broader cohorts of people presenting with alcohol‐related problems outside of alcohol treatment services. We used linked health administrative data to estimate all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among individuals who had an alcohol‐related hospital inpatient or emergency department presentation.DesignObservational study using data from the Data linkage Alcohol Cohort Study (DACS), a state‐wide retrospective cohort of individuals with an alcohol‐related hospital inpatient or emergency department presentation.SettingHospital inpatient or emergency department presentation in New South Wales, Australia, between 2005 and 2014.ParticipantsParticipants comprised 188 770 individuals aged 12 and above, 66% males, median age 39 years at index presentation.MeasurementsAll‐cause mortality was estimated up to 2015 and cause‐specific mortality (by those attributable to alcohol and by specific cause of death groups) up to 2013 due to data availability. Age‐specific and age–sex‐specific crude mortality rates (CMRs) were estimated, and standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated using sex and age‐specific deaths rates from the NSW population.FindingsThere were 188 770 individuals in the cohort (1 079 249 person‐years of observation); 27 855 deaths were recorded (14.8% of the cohort), with a CMR of 25.8 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.5, 26.1] per 1000 person‐years and SMR of 6.2 (95% CI = 5.4, 7.2). Mortality in the cohort was consistently higher than the general population in all adult age groups and in both sexes. The greatest excess mortality was from mental and behavioural disorders due to alcohol use (SMR = 46.7, 95% CI = 41.4, 52.7), liver cirrhosis (SMR = 39.0, 95% CI = 35.5, 42.9), viral hepatitis (SMR = 29.4, 95% CI = 24.6, 35.2), pancreatic diseases (SMR = 23.8, 95% CI = 17.9, 31.5) and liver cancer (SMR = 18.3, 95% CI = 14.8, 22.5). There were distinct differences between the sexes in causes of excess mortality (all causes fully attributable to alcohol female versus male risk ratio = 2.5 (95% CI = 2.0, 3.1).ConclusionsIn New South Wales, Australia, people who came in contact with an emergency department or hospital for an alcohol‐related presentation between 2005 and 2014 were at higher risk of mortality than the general New South Wales population during the same period.
Prevalence of cannabis use among young adults in Sweden comparing randomized response technique with a traditional survey
Authors: Andersson Filip , Sundin Erica , Magnusson Cecilia , Ramstedt Mats , Galanti Maria Rosaria 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe prevalence of cannabis use based on self‐reports is likely to be underestimated in population surveys, especially in contexts where its use is a criminal offence. Indirect survey methods ask sensitive questions ensuring that answers cannot be identified with an individual respondent, therefore potentially resulting in more reliable estimates. We aimed to measure whether the indirect survey method ‘randomized response technique’ (RRT) increased response rate and/or increased disclosure of cannabis use among young adults compared with a traditional survey.DesignWe conducted two parallel nation‐wide surveys during the spring and the summer of 2021. The first survey was a traditional questionnaire‐based one (focusing on substance use and gambling). The second survey applied an indirect survey method known as ‘the cross‐wise model’ to questions related to cannabis use. The two surveys employed identical procedures (e.g. invitations, reminders and wording of the questions)Setting and ParticipantsThe participants were young adults (aged 18–29 years) living in Sweden. The traditional survey had 1200 respondents (56.9% women) and the indirect survey had 2951 respondents (53.6% women).MeasurementsIn both surveys, cannabis use was assessed according to three time‐frames: life‐time use; use during the past year; and use during the past 30 days.FindingsThe estimated prevalence of cannabis use was two‐ to threefold higher on all measures when estimated using the indirect survey method compared with the traditional survey: use during life‐time (43.2 versus 27.3%); during the past year (19.2 versus 10.4%); and during the past 30 days (13.2 versus 3.7%). The discrepancy was larger among males and individuals with an education shorter than 10 years, who were unemployed, and who were born in non‐European countries.ConclusionsIndirect survey methods may provide more accurate estimates than traditional surveys on prevalence of self‐reported cannabis use.
Forest activities drive diversity and structure in the tropical rainforest
Authors: Kenne Tene Lacatuce , Momo Solefack Marie Caroline , Momo Takoudjou Stéphane , Monthe Serge Rodrigue , Tchokomeni Arnaud 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLogging is widely known to be one of the major drivers of the loss of timber resources in tropical rainforests. In order to assess the contribution of this activity to biodiversity and carbon storage in Cameroon's Forest Management Units, this study was carried out in three Annual Allowable Cuts (AAC), of which two were logged, AAC 1‐1 (logged two years before), AAC 1‐2 (logged one year before) and one unlogged (AAC 1‐4). On each stand, 100 sampling plots of 20 m × 20 m were laid. The plot survey assessed the diversity indices, basal area, Aboveground Biomass, wood density, total height and importance value index of the tree species having ≥10 cm diameter at breast height. A total of 203 species belonging to 158 genera and 58 families were recorded. Piptadeniastrum africanum (7.21), Sterculia rhinopetala (23.35) and Ceiba pentandra (14.5) were the commonly traded species with the highest importance value index, respectively, for AAC 1‐1, 1‐2, and 1‐4. Non‐symmetric correspondence analysis (NSCA) revealed that the plots in AAC 1‐4 are more diverse, containing more biomass than those in AAC 1‐1 and 1‐2. Although selective logging has reduced species richness, it remains important to develop enrichment of species removed for ecosystem restoration.
Leaf sponge tool use by Buraiga chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii, in Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Edwards Wren I. , Guma Nelson , Agaba Hillary , Balyesiima Godfrey , Asalu Edward , Rothman Jessica , Stevens Nancy J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are avid tool users, although tool uses and functions vary among communities. Some chimpanzees use stones or wood in extractive foraging to crack open nuts, whereas others use long stems to consume termites or ants. Leaf sponges are versatile and widespread tools used by chimpanzees, created by crumpling leaves in the mouth and then using the hands to immerse the tool to procure liquids from difficult‐to‐access locations. Here we describe leaf sponge use by two female chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda, documenting for the first time tool use in the Buraiga chimpanzee community.
Semantic data mining‐based decision support for quality assessment in steel industry
Authors: Szelążek Maciej , Bobek Szymon , Nalepa Grzegorz J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study evaluates quality management practices in Industry 4.0 in a specific case of steel manufacturing. We formulate a novel proposal based on Semantic Data Mining techniques a step towards knowledge‐driven decision support based on the industrial Six Sigma approach. In our research we combine machine learning classifiers, and explanation generation algorithms with the Six Sigma practice to automate the evaluation of quality of steel products and determine origins of their defects. We describe our original method, and provide evaluation of the results with real–life data from our industrial partner.
Fuzzy set‐based methodology for manufacturing parameter determination of 3D‐printed polylactide components with user‐specified strength, geometrical design, and cost requirements
Authors: Tu Ruixuan , Gitman Inna , Susmel Luca 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA computational data‐driven fuzzy set‐based methodology is proposed and applied to determine, with high accuracy, the manufacturing parameters of 3D‐printed polylactide (PLA) components, ensuring user‐specified failure tensile strength and design requirements (here: the notch root radius). Hence, the novel decision‐making tool to estimate 3D‐printing process parameters is offered, ensuring desired design characteristics and the mechanical performance. The estimated manufacturing angle and infill density have been adjusted to provide meaningful values for real applications, still resulting in accurate predictions through the validation process. Following the success of these design and strength driven estimations, an extension of the proposed methodology to the cost‐saving problem has then been suggested by introducing printing period and material cost as extra inputs to the decision‐making process.
Bacterial quantity and interleukin‐17 expression in necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis from type II diabetic patients
Authors: Aldoss Alaa , Alghofaily Maha , Alsalleeh Fahd 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) increases the susceptibility to infection. A plausible association between apical periodontitis (AP) and DM has been reported, but the underlying mechanism is not yet elucidated.AimTo investigate the bacterial quantity and the expression of interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) in necrotic teeth with AP in type 2 DM (T2DM), pre‐diabetic and non‐diabetic control patients.MethodologyIn all, 65 patients with necrotic pulp and AP [periapical index (PAI) scores ≥3] were included. The age, gender, medical history and medications list, including metformin and statin intake, were recorded. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was analysed, and the patients were divided into three groups: T2DM (n = 20), pre‐diabetics (n = 23) and non‐diabetic (n = 22). Bacterial samples (S1) were collected by file and paper points. Bacterial DNA was isolated and quantified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene‐targeted quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). For IL‐17 expression, (S2) samples were collected from the periapical tissue fluid using paper points passing through the apical foramen. The IL‐17 total RNA was extracted, and reverse transcription (RT‐qPCR) analysis was performed. Comparisons between the three study groups were conducted using one‐way anova and Kruskal–Wallis test to explore the relationship between bacterial cell counts and IL‐17 expression in each group.ResultsThe distributions of PAI scores were equivalent among the groups, p = .289. T2DM patients had higher bacterial counts and IL‐17 expression than other groups, but these differences were not statistically significant, p = .613 and p = .281, respectively. T2DM patients taking statin appear to have lower bacterial cell count than those who do not take statin, approaching the significance level, p = .056.ConclusionT2DM patients had a non‐significant higher bacterial quantity and IL‐17 expression compared to pre‐diabetic and healthy controls. Although these findings indicate a weak association, it may impact the clinical outcome of endodontic diseases in diabetic patients.
Preparation and characterization of Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles by modification of the water‐based sol–gel method
Authors: Wan Xiujuan , Tan Guangfan , Cai Liang , Zhang Yingchun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLi2TiO3 is considered as one of the best candidates for breeding materials. This article adopted a modification water‐based sol–gel method to synthesize nano‐Li2TiO3 powders, which overcomes the poor phase purity, coarse grain, and inferior crushing strength described in the previous literature. In this paper, the thermal effect of the precursor, the crystal phase, and the morphology of the powders were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The nano‐structured Li2TiO3 powders with good dispersion and an average particle size of 20–50 nm were successfully synthesized at 600°C by controlling PH and hydrolysis rate. Moreover, the phase transition temperature for the monoclinic phase β‐Li2TiO3 was as low as 600°C, which is lower than 750°C using the traditional solid‐state method. Meanwhile, the morphology, porosity, crushing load, and thermal conductivity of ceramic pebbles are characterized systematically by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), mercury injection meter, compression strength equipment, and laser scattering method, respectively. Experimental results showed that the Li2TiO3 ceramic pebbles with a sphericity of .98, crush load of 48.4 N, and relative density of 90.03 % were successfully prepared at 1050°C for 2 h. This method will provide new guidance for the preparation of tritium breeders.
Basic principle, progress, and prospects of coal gangue ceramic proppants
Authors: Zhao Xu , Zhang Zhixiao , Li Weixing , Shi Yingjie , Guo Xu , Zhang Xiaorong , Xu Dongfang , Li Weipeng , Qin Shenjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCeramic proppants are preferred in hydraulic fracturing because of their high strength, good sphericity, and excellent acid corrosion resistance. Bauxite is the main raw material of ceramic proppants, but with the increasing depletion of bauxite resources, substitutes for bauxite need to be sought. Coal gangue is a solid waste that is rich in SiO2 and Al2O3, making it a potential substitute for the preparation of ceramic proppants. The use of coal gangue to prepare ceramic proppants can reduce the cost of ceramic proppants and benefit environmental protection. Studies on using coal gangue to prepare ceramic proppants have been conducted and achieved progress, but further improvement can still be obtained. Here, the basic principle, progress, and prospects of coal gangue ceramic proppants are reviewed. First, coal gangue ceramic proppants are divided into two categories, namely, proppants prepared using coal gangue as an auxiliary material and proppants prepared using coal gangue as the main material. Second, the progress of research of coal gangue ceramic proppants is summarized from the perspective of additives, and the influence of different kinds of additives on the sintering temperature and performance of proppants is discussed. Lastly, the future prospects of coal gangue ceramic proppants are presented.
Enhanced mechanical properties of porcelain ceramic tile/Kevlar fabric composite with bio‐inspired shell‐like structure
Authors: Zhong Xinzi , Cao Liyun , Huang Jianfeng , Liu Yijun , Shen Xuetao , Wang Qinggang , Li Xiaoyi , Wang Dongping , Yan Hang , Ji Tian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCeramic materials with high strength, toughness, and excellent impact resistance are urgently required for many structural applications, but these mechanical properties are difficult to achieve in traditional ceramic tiles due to their inherent brittleness. Inspired by the specific structure of shells, the multilayered ceramic tile/Kevlar fabric composite with a bio‐inspired shell structure was successfully fabricated via a surface hydroxylation followed by simple hot press process. It is found that the composites have representative step‐like fracture behaviors rather than brittle fracture, which has been proven to possess a better ability of mechanical performance and noncatastrophic failure behavior compared to same‐thickness ceramic tile. Specifically, the bending strength, fracture toughness, and fracture work of the composite with a 15‐tier structure come to 836.5 ± 12.5 MPa, 14.6 ± .2 MPa·m1/2, and 7228.8 ± 108.4 J·m1/2, which are even better than those of reported advanced materials. Such fracture‐resistant behaviors are correspondent to the strengthening effects of the crack deflection, interfacial debonding, and fiber pull out, accompanied by bio‐inspired structure and appropriate bonding state between brittle or ductile layers. This resin or fabric content can be used as well as the slip systems to transfer the internal stress in time to consume more fracture energy per unit length and prevent risky brittle fracture, while carrying loads. We expect these findings to provide vital guidance for promoting the applications of traditional ceramics in bio‐inspired high‐performance composites for actual ceramic manufacturers.
Precise and efficient HPLC‐UV identification of rice glutelin in infant formulas for special medical purposes
Authors: Ma Mengjia , Wang Cunfang , Sun Hongyan , Wang Linlin , Wang Xipeng , Li Zhenghao , Zhang Xiaoning , Jiang Hua 
Published: May 2023

SummaryGlutelin is a potential allergen that can cause allergies, celiac disease, and diabetes in infants and may even lead to autoimmune diseases in infants under 4 months of age. Given the critical role of glutelin, there exists a need for clear and standardised methods for their detection in infant formulas for special medical purposes (IFSMPs). The aim of this study was to develop an accurate and effective HPLC method for the identification of glutelin in IFSMPs. The heat‐stable subunit was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after subjecting glutelin to various heat‐treatment processes. To validate the HPLC method, the different food matrices present in IFSMPs were simulated by mixing rice glutelin with milk protein concentrate (MPC), soy protein isolate (SPI), and both MPC and SPI in various ratios. The results revealed that the limit of detection (LOD) for glutelin solution was 9.7 μg·mL−1 and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9909. Meanwhile, the LOD of glutelin in the food matrices ranged from 10 to 50 mg·g−1, and R2 varied from 0.9802 to 0.9983. The HPLC method developed in this study displays superior detection results compared with existing methods, shortens the total detection time, and allows for more rapid and accurate identification of glutelin in IFSMPs. The developed method is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the quality control and evaluation of IFSMPs.
Assessment of Himalayan plain mango genotypes for phytochemicals, biochemical‐nutraceutical characterisation and quality change during storage life
Authors: Saroj Neetu , Prasad Killi 
Published: May 2023

SummaryTwenty promising mango genotypes were estimated for physical, physiological, phytochemical, quality attributes, mineral content, sensory evaluation and fruit softening enzymes activites during ambient storage (25 ± 4 °C and 65 ± 5% Relative Humidity) at 3 days interval till end of the storage period (12th day). Significant variations for the studied attribute were observed. Among physical attributes, the maximum fruit weight was observed in ‘Fazli’ (404.67 g), dry seed weight in ‘Fazli’ (27.23 g) and ‘Chausa’ (25.70 g) and fruit firmness in ‘Mahmood Bahar’ (8.88 N). The higher level of total soluble solids was registered in ‘Amrapali’ (21.76 °Brix) and ‘Mallika’ (21.48 °Brix), while antioxidant activity in ‘Malda’ (4.12 μmol TE g−1) and ‘Mallika’ (4.02 μmol TE g−1) and total phenolic content in ‘Malda’ (512.48 μg GAE g−1 FW), ‘Ratna’ (509.74 μg GAE g−1 FW) and ‘Safed Malda’ (510.42 μg GAE g−1 FW). ‘Amrapali’ (7.38 mg/100 g) exhibited the highest total carotenoid concentration. Genotypes such as ‘Malda’, ‘Amrapali’, ‘Langra’, ‘Krishna Bhog’, ‘Alphonso’ and ‘Prabha Shankar’ exhibited 3–4 days higher shelf life compared to other genotypes. Furthermore, the correlation and principal component analysis provided insights into the relationships between various postharvest attributes during ripening. Mango genotypes which displayed high phytochemical‐nutraceutical value can be utilised in quality improvement programs and bear practical utility with respect to processing industries and consumer health.
Internet use and Chinese migrant older adults' life satisfaction: A panel data study
Authors: Ma Jun‐Qi , Zhang Shuo , Yang Hua‐Lei , Tang Xiao‐Qing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article explores the association between internet use and Chinese migrant older adults' life satisfaction based on the displacement hypothesis. Using 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, we find that internet use is significantly associated with lower life satisfaction. The association is stronger in the female, age 71 and above and low‐income groups. Mediation analysis suggests that social capital has a significant mediating effect in linking internet use and life satisfaction, accounting for about 25% of the total effect of internet use. Based on the findings, we recommend appropriate interventions for internet use and promote social inclusion of migrant older adults, so as to further improve their quality of life.
Development and validation of novel nomogram to identify the candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection for prostate cancer patients in the robotic era
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Utsumi Takanobu , Maruo Masafumi , Kurozumi Akira , Noro Takahide , Tanaka Satoki , Sugawara Sho , Chiba Kazuto , Miyazaki Kanetaka , Inoue Atsushi , Komaru Atsushi , Fukasawa Satoshi , Imamura Yusuke , Sakamoto Shinichi , Nakatsu Hiroomi , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Ichikawa Tomohiko , Nagata Maki 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo determine candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection using a novel nomogram to assess the risk of lymph node invasion in Japanese prostate cancer patients in the robotic era.MethodsA total of 538 patients who underwent robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy with extended pelvic lymph node dissection in three hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Medical records were reviewed uniformly and the following data collected: prostate‐specific antigen, age, clinical T stage, primary and secondary Gleason score at prostate biopsy, and percentage of positive core numbers. Finally, data from 434 patients were used for developing the nomogram and data from 104 patients were used for external validation.ResultsLymph node invasion was detected in 47 (11%) and 16 (15%) patients in the development and validation set, respectively. Based on multivariate analysis, prostate‐specific antigen, clinical T stage ≥3, primary Gleason score, grade group 5, and percentage of positive cores were selected as variables to incorporate into the nomogram. The area under the curve values were 0.781 for the internal and 0.908 for the external validation, respectively.ConclusionsThe present nomogram can help urologists identify candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection concomitant with robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy among patients with prostate cancer.
A Kinked‐Demand Theory of Price Rigidity
Authors: DUPRAZ STÉPHANE 
Published: May 2023

AbstractI provide a microfounded theory for one of the oldest, but so far informal, explanations of price rigidity: the kinked‐demand curve theory. Kinked‐demand curves arise when some customers observe at no cost only the price at the store they are at. At the microlevel, the kinked‐demand theory predicts that prices should be more likely to change if they have recently changed, and more flexible in markets where customers can more easily compare prices. At the macrolevel, it captures a part of the inflation/output trade‐off that is not shifted by inflation expectations and therefore persists in the long run.