bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kinematics of the Young Stellar Population in the W5 Region of the Cassiopeia OB6 Association: Implication for the Formation Process of Stellar Associations
Authors: Lim Beomdu , Hong Jongsuk , Lee Jinhee , Yun Hyeong-Sik , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The star-forming region W5 is a major part of the Cassiopeia OB6 association. Its internal structure and kinematics may provide hints of the star formation process in this region. Here, we present a kinematic study of young stars in W5 using the Gaia data and our radial velocity data. A total 490 out of 2000 young stars are confirmed as members. Their spatial distribution shows that W5 is highly substructured. We identify a total of eight groups using the k-means clustering algorithm. There are three dense groups in the cavities of H ii bubbles, and the other five sparse groups are distributed at the edges of the bubbles. The three dense groups have almost the same age (5 Myr) and show a pattern of expansion. The scale of their expansion is not large enough to account for the overall structure of W5. The three northern groups are, in fact, 3 Myr younger than the dense groups, which indicates independent star formation events. Only one of these groups shows the signature of feedback-driven star formation as its members move away from the eastern dense group. The other two groups might have formed in a spontaneous way. On the other hand, the properties of two southern groups are not understood as those of a coeval population. Their origins can be explained by dynamical ejection of stars and multiple star formation. Our results suggest that the substructures in W5 formed through multiple star-forming events in a giant molecular cloud.
Zwicky Transient Facility and Globular Clusters: The gr-band Period–Luminosity Relations for Mira Variables at Maximum Light and their Applications to Local Galaxies
Authors: Ngeow C.-C. , Ou Jia-Yu , Bhardwaj Anupam , Purdum Josiah , Rusholme Ben , Wold Avery 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Based on 14 Miras located in seven globular clusters, we derived the first gr-band period–luminosity (PL) at maximum light for the large-amplitude Mira variables using the multiyear light-curve data collected from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). Since Miras are red variables, we applied a color-term correction to subsets of ZTF light curves, and found that such corrections do not have a large impact on period determinations. We applied our derived PL relations to the known extragalactic Miras in five local galaxies (Sextans, Leo I, Leo II, NGC 6822 and IC 1613), and determined their Mira-based distances. We demonstrated that our PL relations can be applied to short-period (≲300 days) Miras, including those in the two most distant galaxies (NGC 6822 and IC 1613) in our sample even when only a portion of the light curves around maximum light have detections. We have also shown that the long-period extragalactic Miras do not follow the PL relations extrapolated to longer periods. Hence, our derived PL relations are only applicable to the short-period Miras, which will be discovered in abundance in local galaxies within the era of Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
Tomographic Alcock–Paczyński Test with Redshift-space Correlation Function: Evidence for the Dark Energy Equation-of-state Parameter w > −1
Authors: Dong Fuyu , Park Changbom , Hong Sungwook E. , Kim Juhan , Hwang Ho Seong , Park Hyunbae , Appleby Stephen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The apparent shape of galaxy clustering depends on the adopted cosmology used to convert observed redshift to comoving distance, the r(z) relation, as it changes the line elements along and across the line of sight differently. The Alcock–Paczyński (AP) test exploits this property to constrain the expansion history of the universe. We present an extensive review of past studies on the AP test. We adopt an extended AP test method introduced by Park et al., which uses the full shape of redshift-space two-point correlation function (CF) as the standard shape, and apply it to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR7, BOSS, and eBOSS LRG samples covering the redshift range up to z = 0.8. We calibrate the test against the nonlinear cosmology-dependent systematic evolution of the CF shape using Multiverse simulations. We focus on examining whether or not the flat Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) concordance model is consistent with observation. We constrain the flat wCDM model to have

w
=
−

0.892

−
0.050

+
0.045

and

Ω

m

=

0.282

−
0.023

+
0.024

from our AP test alone, which is significantly tighter than the constraints from the BAO or SNe Ia methods by a factor of 3–6. When the AP test result is combined with the recent BAO and SNe Ia results, we obtain

w
=
−

0.903

−
0.023

+
0.023

and

Ω

m

=

0.285

−
0.009

+
0.014

. This puts a strong tension with the flat ΛCDM model with w = −1 at the 4.2σ level. Consistency with w = −1 is obtained only when the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) observation is combined. It remains to be seen whether this tension between observations of galaxy distribution at low redshifts and CMB anisotropy at the decoupling epoch becomes greater in future studies and leads us to a new paradigm of cosmology.
Over 500 Days in the Life of the Photosphere of the Type Iax Supernova SN 2014dt
Authors: Camacho-Neves Yssavo , Jha Saurabh W. , Barna Barnabas , Dai Mi , Filippenko Alexei V. , Foley Ryan J. , Hosseinzadeh Griffin , Howell D. Andrew , Johansson Joel , Kelly Patrick L. , Kerzendorf Wolfgang E. , Kwok Lindsey A. , Larison Conor , Magee Mark R. , McCully Curtis , O’Brien John T. , Pan Yen-Chen , Pandya Viraj , Singhal Jaladh , Stahl Benjamin E. , Szalai Tamás , Wieber Meredith , Williamson Marc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Type Iax supernovae (SNe Iax) are the largest known class of peculiar white dwarf SNe, distinct from normal Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The unique properties of SNe Iax, especially their strong photospheric lines out to extremely late times, allow us to model their optical spectra and derive the physical parameters of the long-lasting photosphere. We present an extensive spectral timeseries, including 21 new spectra, of SN Iax 2014dt from +11 to +562 days after maximum light. We are able to reproduce the entire timeseries with a self-consistent, nearly unaltered deflagration explosion model from Fink et al. using TARDIS, an open source radiative-transfer code. We find that the photospheric velocity of SN 2014dt slows its evolution between +64 and +148 days, which closely overlaps the phase when we see SN 2014dt diverge from the normal spectral evolution of SNe Ia (+90 to +150 days). The photospheric velocity at these epochs, ∼400–1000 km s−1, may demarcate a boundary within the ejecta below which the physics of SNe Iax and normal SNe Ia differ. Our results suggest that SN 2014dt is consistent with a weak deflagration explosion model that leaves behind a bound remnant and drives an optically thick, quasi-steady-state wind creating the photospheric lines at late times. The data also suggest that this wind may weaken at epochs past +450 days, perhaps indicating a radioactive power source that has decayed away.
The Nature of γ-Ray Emission from HESS J1912+101
Authors: Li Yuan , Liu Siming , He Yu 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Since the discovery of HESS J1912+101 at teraelectronvolt energies, its nature has been extensively studied. Due to the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts, whether its γ-ray emission is produced by relativistic electrons or ions is still a matter of debate. We reanalyze its megaelectronvolt to gigaelectronvolt γ-ray emission using 14 yr of Pass 8 data of the Fermi-LAT, and find that the gigaelectronvolt γ-ray emission is more extended than the teraelectronvolt shell detected by H. E. S. S. and flux above 10 GeV from the northern half is much higher than that from the southern half, where there is evident interaction between shocks and molecular clouds. As a consequence, the gigaelectronvolt spectrum of the northern half (with an index of 2.19 ± 0.12) is much harder than that in the south (with an index of 2.72 ± 0.08), and the overall gigaelectronvolt spectrum shows a concave shape, which is distinct from most γ-ray supernova remnants (SNRs). In combination with the teraelectronvolt spectrum, the overall γ-ray spectrum can be fitted with a broken power-law model for trapped ions and a low energy component due to escaping ions. The diffusion coefficient for escaping ions however needs to be proportional to the energy, implying that the low energy component may also be attributed to ions accelerated via recent shock–cloud interactions. A hadronic origin for the γ-ray emission is therefore favored and the overall emission properties are consistent with ion acceleration by SNR shocks. On the other hand, it is still undeniable that stellar cluster or PWN may have some contribution in some parts of this extended source.
Subhalo Spreading of Thin Tidal Star Streams
Authors: Carlberg Raymond G. , Agler Hayley 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Dark matter subhalos that pass a thin tidal star stream change the velocities of the stars near the point of closest encounter. Subsequent orbital evolution increases the stream width and spreads the changes along the stream. We measure the average widths and velocity dispersions of stream populations in three Milky Way–like cold dark matter cosmology simulations containing star particle globular clusters and galactic disks of 0, 1, and 2 times a baseline model. Power-law fits to the velocity dispersion with stream longitude, ϕ, for the overlaid streams in the 10–60 kpc range find σ ≃ 5–15 ϕ
0.2–0.5 km s−1, with the coefficients depending on the subhalo numbers, as well as the stream measurement details. The velocity distributions summed along the entire length of the streams do not require the progenitor location. They also rise with subhalo number and are significantly non-Gaussian, with the ratios of the 6σ to the 3σ clipped velocity dispersions being ∼1.5 ± 0.3 and ∼2.5 ± 1 for measurements within 1° and 5° of the streams, respectively. Streams longer than 50° have an average radial velocity dispersion of 2.1 km s−1 with a disk and 4.2 km s−1 without a disk. However, a few similar thin, low-velocity dispersion streams are present in all three simulations. Statistically reliable conclusions require velocity data extending several degrees from the stream centerline for a set of streams.
A Stochastic Approach to Reconstruct Gamma-Ray-burst Light Curves
Authors: Dainotti Maria G. , Sharma Ritwik , Narendra Aditya , Levine Delina , Rinaldi Enrico , Pollo Agnieszka , Bhatta Gopal 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), as they are observed at high redshift (z = 9.4), are vital to cosmological studies and investigating Population III stars. To tackle these studies, we need correlations among relevant GRB variables with the requirement of small uncertainties on their variables. Thus, we must have good coverage of GRB light curves (LCs). However, gaps in the LC hinder the precise determination of GRB properties and are often unavoidable. Therefore, extensive categorization of GRB LCs remains a hurdle. We address LC gaps using a stochastic reconstruction, wherein we fit two preexisting models (the Willingale model; W07; and a broken power law; BPL) to the observed LC, then use the distribution of flux residuals from the original data to generate data to fill in the temporal gaps. We also demonstrate a model-independent LC reconstruction via Gaussian processes. At 10% noise, the uncertainty of the end time of the plateau, its correspondent flux, and the temporal decay index after the plateau decreases by 33.3%, 35.03%, and 43.32% on average for the W07, and by 33.3%, 30.78%, 43.9% for the BPL, respectively. The uncertainty of the slope of the plateau decreases by 14.76% in the BPL. After using the Gaussian process technique, we see similar trends of a decrease in uncertainty for all model parameters for both the W07 and BPL models. These improvements are essential for the application of GRBs as standard candles in cosmology, for the investigation of theoretical models, and for inferring the redshift of GRBs with future machine-learning analyses.
Minor Mergers Are Not Enough: The Importance of Major Mergers during Brightest Cluster Galaxy Assembly
Authors: Kluge Matthias , Bender Ralf 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the roles of major and minor mergers during brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) assembly using surface brightness profiles, line indices, and fundamental plane relations. Based on our own sample and consistently reanalyzed Sloan Digital Sky Survey data, we find that BCGs and luminous normal ellipticals (LNEs) have similar central velocity dispersions, central absorption line strengths, and central surface brightnesses. However, BCGs are more luminous due to their much larger radial extent. These properties result in a flattening of the Faber–Jackson and Mgb–luminosity relations above 1010.6

L

⊙
,
g
′

. We use this effect to estimate an amount of 60%–80% of accreted and merged light in BCGs relative to LNEs, which agrees with results from cosmological simulations. We determine the contribution of this excess light (EL) at each radius from the difference between the surface flux profiles of BCGs and LNEs. It is small in the center but increases steeply to 50% at ∼3 kpc radius. The shape of these profiles suggests that BCGs could be formed from LNEs in three major merger processes. This is also consistent with the mild increase of the Sérsic indices from n ≈ 4 to n ≈ 6, as confirmed in merger simulations. We note that minor mergers cannot be the dominant origin of the BCG’s EL because they deposit too few stars at intermediate radii r ≲ 20 kpc. The shape of the EL profile also explains a detected offset of 0.14 dex of the fundamental planes for BCGs and LNEs relative to each other.
Profile Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Procalcitonin in Preeclampsia and Preeclampsia with Sepsis
Authors: Rahardjo Bambang , Nurseta Tatit , Sinaga Aqua Rossalinda 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is hypertension in pregnancy which are characterized by high blood pressure, proteinuria that occur after 20 weeks of GA. Preeclampsia remains a massive cause of maternal morbidity and mortality that 50.000 death annually. The cause of preeclampsia is still unclear but there is a possibility caused by immunological processes in micro placenta environment during the early age of pregnancy. It is suggested that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) has an important role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is an extreme feature of the systemic inflammatory response during pregnancy. Systemic inflammation in preeclampsia can cause organ damage and induce sepsis. The pathophysiology is initiated by a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokine that released by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Beside pro-inflammatory cytokine, the marker of sepsis can be shown by procalcitonin (PCT) that produced by PBMC which is activated by TNF-α.
AIM: The objective of the study is to evaluate profile maternal plasma levels of TNF-α and PCT and analyze their correlation in normotensive pregnant woman, preeclamptic and preeclampsia with sepsis.
METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study. The sample were normotensive, preeclamptic, and preeclamptic with sepsis (n = 18) in Bangil Hospital, Pasuruan. The level of TNF-α and PCT was measured by ELISA. The statistical analysis with SPSS 18.0 with p < 0.05.
RESULTS: This study showed level of TNF-α and PCT in preeclamptic with sepsis was significantly higher than control (p < 0.05) and not a significant difference in preeclampsia (p > 0.05). The level of TNF-α and PCT in preeclampsia compared with control was not a significant difference (p > 0.05). This study showed there was no correlation between TNF-α and PCT in patients with preeclampsia with sepsis.
CONCLUSION: The plasma level of TNF-α and PCT was statistically different between the control group, preeclampsia and preeclampsia with sepsis. There was no significant difference of TNF-α and PCT plasma level in preeclampsia with sepsis than preeclampsia group. There was no significant correlation between preeclampsia in woman and preeclampsia with sepsis in maternal plasma TNF-α and PCT levels.
Measuring Health Literacy Among French Pupils With the Health Literacy Survey Child Questionnaire-15 (HLS-Child-Q15)
Authors: Genton Marine Cécile , Chapoton Boris , Dauda Sali Mohammed , Oriol Mathieu , Denois Véronique Regnier , Chauvin Franck 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Health literacy is a critical health determinant. To implement initiatives aiming at improving health literacy among children, adapted measurement tools are needed.

Objective:
This study aimed to translate, adapt, and test the Health Literacy Survey Child Questionnaire-15 (HLS-Child-Q15) to assess health literacy among French-speaking 8- to 11-year-old pupils.

Methods:
The HLS-Child-Q15 was translated and adapted to the French context to become the HLS-Child-Q15-FR. A cross-sectional survey was carried out using a written, self-reported questionnaire to assess the psychometric properties of the HLS-Child-Q15-FR.

Key Results:
Translation and adaptation of the HLS-Child-Q15 German-French translated versions were cross-referenced. Back-translation led to minor refinements. Qualitative pre-test among children led to simplifications in wording and structure. Validation of the HLS-Child-Q15-FR. Four trained interviewers collected data among 3,107 pupils in 74 elementary schools of the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. HLS-Child-Q15-FR showed good reliability (alpha = 0.83). Exploratory factor analysis showed a two-factor model related to health care and primary prevention. Construct validity analyses suggested removing 3 items. External validity analyses indicated a significant and moderate relationship with perceived self-efficacy.

Conclusion:

This study aimed to address the issue of measuring health literacy among French-speaking 8- to 11-year-old pupils. The HLS-Child-Q15-FR showed a high internal consistency. Statistics suggested a two-dimensional thematic scale. These findings should be further investigated. [

HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2023;7(3):e144–e153.

]
Chronic Protracted Dislocation of Temporomandibular Joint in a Trauma Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Navaneetham Romir , Navaneetham Anuradha , Pugazhendi Satish Kumaran , Nara Gnapika , Umarani Priyanka Jagadish 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Rationale:
Chronic protracted temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation refers to a condition that persists for more than one month without reduction.

Patient Concerns:
A 47-year-old male patient first presented to the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery complaining of the inability to close his mouth for nine months.

Diagnosis:
Chronic protracted dislocation of the temporomandibular joint.

Treatment:
An initial conservative approach was attempted to reduce the condyle, which was unsuccessful. As literature suggests, open-joint surgery with eminectomy and condylectomy of bilateral joints was performed.

Outcomes and Take-away Lessons:
A stagewise treatment is essential for such cases of long-standing TMJ dislocations. A conservative approach is first attempted followed by surgery if the conservative approach is unsuccessful. Postsurgery physiotherapy is essential for a better prognosis.
Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy: Eight Years of Experience on 183 Iraqi Patients
Authors: Al Tamimi Mohamed Abduljalil J. , Al Atraqchi Ahmed A. S. , Tahseen Ahmed , Qatran Hayder 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Vagus nerve stimulation has been broadly known as one of treatment lines for refractory epilepsy, especially in poor applicants for resection surgeries or in whom resection has failed. Its use for different seizure-types control is increasing.

Aims:
We aimed to assess the efficacy of Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy outcome predictive aspects utilizing subgroup analysis.

Materials and Methods:
From 2008 until 2016, 183/190 refractory epilepsy cases with specific inclusion criteria were selected. All underwent pre- and postimplantation assessment of response utilizing Engel criteria and Chalfont seizure severity scoring system for 2 years. Descriptive and statistical data analysis was accomplished for the data of age at epilepsy start and VNS insertion, seizures nature, device stimulation parameters, and peri-surgical antiepileptic medicines.

Results:
At 12 months follow-up period (29.5%), patients were assigned to a Class I and II outcome (representing very good seizure outcome) especially among patients with G. T. C seizure. 38.8% had a “worthwhile” improvement and consigned as Class III outcome mostly among P. S. G patients. The response was better at 24 months’ follow-up period. Patients <10 years of age with pre surgery mean duration of epilepsy of 10 (+5) years and mean age at onset of epilepsy of 7 (+5) years showed better response. Mean seizure frequency reduction was 69.8% (+18).

Conclusions:
Stimulation parameters needed was lower for class I and II with significant reduction of required anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Our study may help to provide response predictive characteristics.
Blood Lead Level and Renal Function: Sample of Iraqi Patients Attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital in 2022
Authors: Fadhil Aseel Hussein , Al-Rubaey Mazin Ghazi 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Lead is a highly toxic metal and a very strong poison. Most of the time, lead poisoning builds up slowly. It follows repeated exposures to small quantities of lead. Signs of repeated lead include high blood pressure, numbness or tingling in the extremities, memory loss, anemia, and kidney dysfunction.

Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to measure the blood lead level (BLL) among sample of adult patients attending Baghdad Teaching Hospital aged ≥30 years old and to find if there is any association between BLL and renal impairment.

Subjects and Methods:
Across sectional study was conducted from January 2 to May 31, 2022. Sample involved selection of adults of both sexes who attend Baghdad Teaching Hospital outpatient clinic for nonrenal medical problems. Inclusion criteria include adults aged ≥30 years old, with no history of drugs that change creatinine level and not malnourished. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured for all participants according to the Cockcroft equation depending on serum creatinine, age, gender, weight, height, and body mass index. Blood sample was taken for measure lead level in toxicology center in Baghdad medical city using whole blood samples not <2.5 ml for each participant, and the collection of data was taken by interview using especial questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken as ethical issue from each participant in the study.

Results:
A total of 239 participants were involved in this study. The mean BLL was 23.57 μg/dl. BLL for all was ranged between the values 17 μg/dl and 33 μg/dl for both sexes. The study showed a significant association between BLL and GFR rate.

Conclusions:
BLL was higher than normal cut point used in the study which is 10 μg/dl. About one-third of participants had risk of kidney disease with GFR (60–90) ml/min/1.73 m2; they were considered asymptomatic renal impairment.