bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winds of star clusters significantly contribute to the Galactic cosmic-ray population
Authors: Peron Giada , Casanova Sabrina , Gabici Stefano , Baghmanyan Vardan , Aharonian Felix 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Cosmic rays are energetic nuclei that permeate the entire Galactic disk. Their existence requires the presence of powerful particle accelerators. While Galactic supernova explosions may supply the required energy, there is growing evidence that they cannot explain all of the observed properties of cosmic rays, such as their maximum particle energy and isotopic composition.
Among Galactic objects, winds from stellar clusters meet the energetic requirement and provide a suitable environment for particle acceleration. The recent detection of some of these objects in γ-rays confirms that they indeed harbor high-energy particles.
However, as most supernovae explode inside stellar clusters, it is difficult to distinguish the contribution of winds to particle acceleration. Here we report the detection of young star clusters in the nearby Vela molecular ridge star forming region. The young age of the systems guarantees an unbiased estimate of the stellar CR luminosity free from any supernova or pulsar contamination and allows us to draw conclusions on the acceleration efficiency and the total power supplied by these objects.
We demonstrate that much more than 1\% of the wind mechanical power is converted into CRs and conclude that a non-negligible fraction of the CR population is contributed by stellar clusters.
Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities with a Three-Year Case Management Program for Mothers with Problematic Prenatal Substance Use, Washington State, 2006-2017
Authors: Stoner Susan A. , Graham J. Christopher , Grant Therese M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background. Well-designed public health interventions ideally aspire to reduce health disparities between racial and ethnic groups. Yet, there remains virtually no research examining racial/ethnic disparities in interventions for marginalized perinatal populations with substance use disorders (SUD). We sought to examine whether there were racial/ethnic differences at intake, in retention, and in program outcomes among pregnant or postpartum women with problematic prenatal substance use enrolled in a three-year intensive case management intervention. We hypothesized that: 1) at baseline, numerous racial/ethnic disparities in well-being, health, and health care would be observed, and 2) after the three-year intervention few racial/ethnic disparities in maternal and child health and welfare would be found.
Methods. We used self-reported data from 3,165 women aged 18 to 45 years enrolled in the Parent-Child Assistance Program in Washington State between May 10, 2006, and September 21, 2017. We used Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact Tests and t-tests to compare racial/ethnic groups at program enrollment and exit and logistic regression to examine likelihood of completing the intervention by group, controlling for other factors.
Results. Despite numerous racial/ethnic differences at enrollment, there were no such differences in outcomes among those who finished the program and completed an exit interview. Different racial/ethnic groups received comparable case manager time. American Indians/Alaska Natives were less likely to finish the program (Adjusted Odds=0.66).
Conclusions. Participants who finished the program achieved comparable outcomes regardless of race/ethnicity. More work is needed to understand why American Indian/Alaska Native women were less likely than the others to finish the program and to close this service gap.
Trial Registration: Not applicable
Two Simple and Efficient Methods for a Class of Composite Functions Optimization
Authors: Wang Jinjiang , Hu Yanhong , Song Wen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on optimizing the optimization problems with the objective function formed as a sum of three terms: one is smooth, and the other two are simple convex functions with known structures. This problem is challenging to solve, as the last two functions are both non-smooth and non-separable. Existing algorithms have high computational complexity and do not deal with large-size problems. To efficiently solve this problem, we propose two ways to simplify it. One way is to introduce an additional variable to reformu-late it as an equivalent two-block separable convex minimization model. Then we apply an approximate alternating direction method of multipliers(ADMM) to solve the equivalent model and establish a worst-case O(1/k) convergence rate for this method. Another way is to research the dual of the equivalent problem, and use an optimal first-order method to solve the dual problem. Furthermore, we show that this method achieves a faster convergence rate of O(1/k2). Finally, we also demonstrate an application called the fused Lasso problem.
A linear and circular dual-conformation noncoding RNA involves in oxidative stress tolerance of Bacillus altitudinis
Authors: He Ting-Ting , Xu Yun-Fan , Li Xiang , Wang Xia , Li Jie-Yu , Ou-yang Dan , Cheng Han-Sen , Li Hao-Yang , Qin Jia , Huang Yu , Wang Hai-Yan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Functional circular RNAs have been extensively studied in eukaryotes and progressively discovered in archaea, but not been identified in bacteria except some byproducts of self-spliced introns, devoid of biological function. In this study, using an experimental and computational pipeline, we confirm that a regulatory noncoding RNA DucS exists in both linear and circular conformations in Bacillus altitudinis. The 3’ end sequences of linear RNA are critical to RNA circularization. DucS promotes the tolerance of host to H2O2 stress through its linear forms, partly due to upregulating the translation of a stress-responsive gene htrA, whereas its circular forms can promote the degradation of linear cognates. Through re-evaluating published RNA-seq data from 30 bacteria and experimental identification, we demonstrate that circular RNAs also exist in other bacteria, occurred unexpectedly in some well-known noncoding RNAs. Our results reveal firstly a functional circular RNA in bacteria, highlighting the universal existence of functional circular RNAs in all three domains of life.
Intrinsic capacity and readmission and other adverse outcomes in older hypertensive patients in China: a one-year follow up study
Authors: Zhang Qizhe , Shen Shanshan , chen Xujiao 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: The relationship between intrinsic capacity (IC) and adverse events in older adults has attracted concerns. However, it’s little known in hypertensive patients. Our study sought to assess the decline of IC and adverse events among older hypertensive patients in China.
Methods It’s an observational study. All patients completed the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) through interview and physical examination. The impairment of IC was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between IC at baseline and adverse outcomes.
Results: The study consisted of 971 hypertensive participants at baseline. And Patients in the IC impairment group were older and had lower BMI, hobbies, and education levels. IC impairment was a risk factor for readmission, frailty, and falls (OR, 95% CI=1.17(1.00-1.36), p = 0.046), (OR, 95% CI=2.04(1.78-2.34; P<0.001), (OR, 95% CI=1.38 (1.21-1.58; P<0.001). Meanwhile, the follow-up records showed that the number of patients who met the requirements of locomotion, cognition, vitality, psychological, and sensory of five IC domains was 60.11%, 39.66%, 45.91% 11.02%, and 76.36%. Among them, the sensory domain decreases most obviously, but the motor function domain does not.
Conclusions: IC impairment is common among hypertensive old inpatients in China. In the future, the evaluation and intervention of IC ought to be further carried out to improve the quality of life and reduce the incidence of adverse events.
A PETase enzyme synthesised in the chloroplast of the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is active against PET and polystyrene
Authors: Rocco Giulia Di , Taunt Henry N. , Berto Marcello , Jackson Harry O. , Piccinini Daniele , Carletti Alan , Purton Saul 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate hydrolases (PETases) are a newly discovered and industrially important class of enzymes that catalyze the enzymatic degradation of polyethylene terephatalate (PET), one of the most abundant plastics in the world. The greater enzymatic efficiencies of PETases compared to close relatives from the cutinase and lipase families have resulted in increasing research interest. Despite this, further characterization of PETases is essential, particularly regarding their possible activity against other kinds of plastic. In this study, we exploited for the first time the use of the microalgal chloroplast for the low-cost synthesis of a PETase enzyme. A photosynthetic-restoration strategy was used to generate a marker-free transformant line of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in which the PETase from Ideonella sakaiensis was constitutively expressed in the chloroplast. Subsequently, the activity of the PETase against both PET and polystyrene (PS) was investigated via atomic force microscopy, revealing evidence of degradation of both plastics.
Does increasing intensity reduce the rate of nonresponders to endurance training when total energy expenditure remains constant?
Authors: Reuter Marcel , Rosenberger Friederike , Barz Andreas , Venhorst Andreas , Blanz Laura , Hecksteden Anne , Meyer Tim 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Standardized training prescriptions often result in large variation in training response with a substantial number of individuals that show little or no response at all. The present study examined whether the nonresponse in markers of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to moderate intensity endurance training can be overcome through an increase in training intensity.
Methods
Thirty-one healthy, untrained participants (46 ± 8 years, BMI 25.4 ± 3.3 kg•m-2 and V̇O2max 34 ± 4 mL•min-1•kg-1) trained for 10 weeks with moderate intensity (3 d•wk-1 for 50 min per session at 55% HRreserve). Hereafter, the allocation into two groups was performed by stratified randomisation for age, gender and VO2max response. CON trained for another 16 weeks at moderate intensity, INC trained energy-equivalent for 8 weeks at 70% HRreserve and then performed high-intensity interval training (4x4) for another 8 weeks. Nonresponders were identified as participants with VO2max increase below the technical measurement error.
Results
There was a significant difference in V̇O2max response between INC (3.4±2.7mL•kg-1•min-1) and CON (0.4±2.9 mL•kg-1•min-1 ) after 26 weeks of training (P=.020). After 10 weeks of moderate training, in total 15 of 31 participants were classified as VO2max nonresponders (48%). After another 16 weeks continuous moderate intensity training, no further reduction of nonresponders was observed in CON. In contrast, the energy equivalent training with increasing training intensity in INC significantly (P=.008) reduced the number of nonresponders to 2 of 15 (13%). The energy equivalent higher training intensities eliminated the rate of nonresponders more effectively than continued moderate training intensities (P=.012).
Conclusion
Increasing exercise-intensity can reduce the rate of nonresponse in VO2max to endurance training even when the total energy expenditure is held constant. Maintaining moderate endurance training intensities might not be the best choice to optimize training gains.
Systematic analysis of microorganisms’ metabolism for selective targeting
Authors: Zare Habil , Manshadi Mehdi Dehghan , Setoodeh Payam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since narrow-spectrum antibiotics specifically target the infection-causing organism, their negative side effects are reduced compared with their broad-spectrum counterparts. However, the design of these narrow-spectrum antibiotics requires accurate knowledge about drug targets in different microorganisms and their selectivity. Constraint-based metabolic models can provide this required knowledge using a mathematical framework for in-silico cell metabolism analysis and rewiring. Furthermore, competing against infectious pathogens, especially drug-resistant organisms, is more efficient by targeting multiple targets in each individual microorganism. Here, we combined the idea of synthetic lethality with selective drug targeting to obtain multi-target and organism-specific potential drug candidates for six different microorganisms and their various combinations. By considering each organism as targeted, conserved, or not included, we obtained 665 different cases for single essential reactions as well as double, triple, and quadruple synthetic lethal reaction sets. We found that conserving even one microorganism while attacking some targets reduces the number of potential cases tremendously. The number of solutions depends on how genomically far or close the microorganisms are in the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, we statistically investigated how these potential drug targets attack different pathways in our studied cases, which reveals the importance of key routes such as cell envelope biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, membrane lipid metabolism, and nucleotide salvage pathway.
Can the current Mpox affect the heart? A Systematic Review of case series and case report
Authors: Sayad Reem , Siddiq Abdelmonem , Hashim Ahmed , Elsaeidy Ahmed Saad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Till now all symptoms of the Mpox virus aren’t known, and we still discover new symptoms associated with Mpox. Accordingly, we aimed to summarize evidence about cardiac complications associated with the Mpox virus.
Methods
On 1st Dec. 2022, a systematic search of the literature was done to locate papers that discuss any cardiac complications associated with Mpox, then data were analyzed qualitatively.
Results
Seven articles including eleven cases that reported cardiovascular complications of the disease were included in the review, it was reported that six cases previously had sex with men that reveals the importance of the sexual route in the disease transmission. All cases have different forms of cardiac complications such as acute myocarditis, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and myopericarditis.
Conclusion
The first study summarizes cardiac complications of Mpox infection. It indicates the possibility of cardiac complications of Mpox infection. The clinical suspicion is based primarily upon the temporal relationship. Further research is needed to identify the pathological mechanism underlying Mpox-associated heart injury.Cases with pericarditis are treated with Colchicine 1–2 mg as an initial dose that will be decreased gradually. Cases with myocarditis are treated by supportive care, or cardioprotective treatment with bisoprolol and ramipril. Tecovirimat is used as an antiviral drug for a 14-day duration.
An overview of biological functions of natural polysaccharides: influence factors, mitochondria and signaling pathways
Authors: Du Junxi , Li Lu , Guo Xiaofeng , Tong Xueli , Xu Weijie , Ye Huiling , Li Di , Li Jiejing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Natural polysaccharide is a type of functional carbohydrate polymer under heated investigation. The structure of natural polysaccharides is in close relationship with their actual biological functions such as antioxidant, immunoregulation and antitumor effects. Herein, we have identified numerous factors that significantly affect the biological functions of polysaccharides, including molecular weight, degree of polymerization, hydrophilicity and metabolic capability. Mitochondria, as a key polysaccharide-targeting organelle, undergo a number of alterations during the treatment, which includes morphological changes, ROS production, membrane potential and permeability, ETC activity and ATP production. Intriguingly, polysaccharides exhibit protective effects and maintain mitochondrial function on normal cells, while in cancer cells, polysaccharides tend to accelerate apoptosis and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction. Numerous signaling pathways, including antioxidant signaling pathway, anti-inflammatory signaling pathway and apoptotic signaling pathway are activated correspondingly. This review underlines the significance of the structural features of the polysaccharide, and thereafter indicates the modes of physiological function.
Single cell and spatial alternative splicing analysis with long read sequencing
Authors: Zhang Nancy , Fu Yuntian , Kim Heonseok , Adams Jenea , Grimes Susan M , Huang Sijia , Lau Billy , Sathe Anuja , Hess Paul , Ji Hanlee 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Long-read sequencing has become a powerful tool for alternative splicing analysis. However, technical and computational challenges have limited our ability to explore alternative splicing at single cell and spatial resolution. The higher sequencing error of long reads, especially high indel rates, have limited the accuracy of cell barcode and unique molecular identifier (UMI) recovery. Read truncation and mapping errors, the latter exacerbated by the higher sequencing error rates, can cause the false detection of spurious new isoforms. Downstream, there is yet no rigorous statistical framework to quantify splicing variation within and between cells/spots. In light of these challenges, we developed Longcell, a statistical framework and computational pipeline for accurate isoform quantification for single cell and spatial spot barcoded long read sequencing data. Longcell performs computationally efficient cell/spot barcode extraction, UMI recovery, and UMI-based truncation- and mapping-error correction. Through a statistical model that accounts for varying read coverage across cells/spots, Longcell rigorously quantifies the level of inter-cell/spot versus intra-cell/ spot diversity in exon-usage and detects changes in splicing distributions between cell populations. Applying Longcell to single cell long-read data from multiple contexts, we found that intra-cell splicing heterogeneity, where multiple isoforms co-exist within the same cell, is ubiquitous for highly expressed genes. On matched single cell and Visium long read sequencing for a tissue of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver, Longcell found concordant signals between the two data modalities. Finally, on a perturbation experiment for 9 splicing factors, Longcell identified regulatory targets that are validated by targeted sequencing.
Identification of exosomal microRNA panel as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for small cell lung cancer
Authors: Rho Jin Kyung , Kim Dong Ha , Park Hyojeong , Choi Yun Jung , Im Kyungtaek , Lee Chae Won , Kim Da-Som , Pack Chan-Gi , Kim Hyun-Yi , Choi Chang-Min , Lee Jae Cheol , Ji Wonjun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has an exceptionally poor prognosis; as most of the cases are initially diagnosed as extensive disease with hematogenous metastasis. Therefore, the early diagnosis of SCLC is very important and may improve its prognosis. To investigate the feasibility of early diagnosis of SCLC, we examined exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) present in serum obtained from patients with SCLC. First, exosomes were isolated in serum from patients with SCLC and healthy individuals and were characterized using particle size and protein markers. Additionally, miRNA array was performed to define SCLC-specific exosomal miRNAs. From the miRNA array results, we selected 51-miRNAs based on p-values and top 10 differentially expressed genes, and 25-miRNAs were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Second, the 25-miRNAs were further validated employing a large cohort. Among them, 7-miRNAs showed significant differences. Furthermore, 6-miRNAs (miR-3565, miR-3124-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-6515, miR-3126-3p and miR-9-5p) were up-regulated and 1-miRNA (miR-92b-5p) was down-regulated. Finally, the ability to diagnose SCLC of the 7-miRNAs was estimated by area under the curve (AUC). The AUC value of each miRNA sets between 0.64 and 0.76, however the combined application of 3-miRNAs (miR-200b-3p, miR-3124-5p and miR-92b-5p) remarkably improved the diagnostic value (AUC=0.93). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the 3-miRNA panel is linked to various oncogene pathways and nervous system development. When the 3-miRNAs were introduced to cells, the resulting changes in total mRNA expression strongly indicated the presence of lung diseases, including lung cancer. In addition, the 3-miRNA panel was significantly associated with a poorer prognosis, although individual miRNAs have not been validated as prognostic markers. In conclusion, our study identified SCLC-specific exosomal miRNAs, and the 3-miRNAs panel (miR-200b-3p, miR-3124-5p and miR-92b-5p) may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for SCLC.
To identify spatial social contact processes related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB): weighted networks model
Authors: Amoori Neda , Amini Payam , Cheraghian Bahman , Alavi Seyed mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackground:Tuberculosis is known as one of the main health problems, especially in developing countries.This study aimed to visualize, statistically model and describe the weighted networks of MTB cases to identify MTB-related social contact processes.Methods:In this case-control study, we applied weighted network analysis to assess the network of person-time spent in stores, workplaces, restaurants, mosques, Police bases, homes, hospitals, colleges, hairdressers', schools, contact homes, health centers, cinemas, parks, and markets.Results:The result shows the extracted modules of locations based on the connectivity followed by the person-time at each location. The correlation (p-value) between TB and the turquoise, blue, and brown modules were 0.058 (0.351), 0.004 (0.943), and 0.117 (0.039) respectively. Among the modules, the brown is the most important one in which homes, contact homes, health centers and hospitals have a significant connection with each other. Therefore, it was found that the person time in 4 places is related to the occurrence of tuberculosis.Conclusion:In this study, it was found that most transmission of tuberculosis infection occurs in home, contact homes, health centers and hospitals. These place evaluations allow identification of people with more contact and in need of screening, and it critically leads to the identification of more patients with active TB.
Acute exacerbation of ocular graft-versus-host disease and anterior uveitis after COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Lin Chen-Yu , Chien Hung-Jen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: To report a case of acute exacerbation of ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and anterior uveitis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
Case presentation: A 60-year-old man with primary myelofibrosis and GVHD after receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), developed acute exacerbation of ocular GVHD and anterior uveitis after receiving first dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Erythema of the eyelids, conjunctival hyperemia, superficial punctate keratopathy, and prominent anterior chamber inflammation in both eyes were revealed. Ocular GVHD and anterior uveitis were managed with mainly topical corticosteroid, antibiotics, and systemic corticosteroid, but were difficult to control. Successful treatment was achieved with intravitreal injection of dexamethasone 6 months later.
Conclusions: Clinicians should beware of the rare refractory anterior uveitis and acute exacerbation of ocular GVHD after COVID-19 vaccination in patients undergoing HSCT. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment should be considered to reduce the likelihood of severe complications.