bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-guided stabilization improves the ability of the HIV-1 gp41 hydrophobic pocket to elicit neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Bruun Theodora U. J. , Tang Shaogeng , Erwin Graham , Deis Lindsay , Fernandez Daniel , Kim Peter S. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe hydrophobic pocket found in the N-heptad repeat (NHR) region of HIV-1 gp41 is a highly conserved epitope that is the target of various HIV-1 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. Although the high conservation of the pocket makes it an attractive vaccine candidate, it has been challenging to elicit potent anti-NHR antibodies via immunization. Here, we solved a high-resolution structure of the NHR mimetic IQN17, and, consistent with previous ligand-bound gp41 pocket structures, we observed remarkable conformational plasticity of the pocket. The high malleability of this pocket led us to test whether we could improve the immunogenicity of the gp41 pocket by stabilizing its conformation. We show that the addition of five amino acids at the C-terminus of IQN17, to generate IQN22, introduces a stabilizing salt bridge at the base of the peptide that rigidifies the pocket. Mice immunized with IQN22 elicited higher avidity antibodies against the gp41 pocket and a more potent, albeit still weak, neutralizing response against HIV-1 compared to IQN17. Stabilized epitope-focused immunogens could serve as the basis for future HIV-1 fusion-inhibiting vaccines.
Rethinking organizational performance management: a complexity theory perspective
Authors: Pavlov Andrey , Micheli Pietro 
Published: December 2022

PurposeTraditional approaches to organizational performance management that emphasize objectivity, control and predictability are rapidly losing relevance in an environment characterized by increasing levels of complexity and dynamism. This paper draws on complexity theory to suggest a new paradigm for managing performance in organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on the common features of complex systems and the corresponding concept of emergence to revisit key themes in organizational performance management and propose a set of implications for research and practice.FindingsUnderstanding organizations as complex systems and performance as an emergent property of such systems leads to a set of new research questions, the adoption of alternative methods and the formulation of novel propositions. It also has various implications for both academic research and managerial practice, from moving away from the traditional notion of organizational alignment to adopting a more explicit stakeholder-based view in the design and use of measurement systems.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the great potential of complexity theory for addressing contemporary issues in the field of organizational performance management and charting the landscape for its future development.
Cryptoassets – a new frontier for money laundering and terrorist financing: legal changes to address the increasing AML risk
Authors: Byttebier Koen , Adamos Konstantinos 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
This study aims to provide an overview of the regulatory framework for AML supervision of cryptoassets.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of current legislative framework in the EU is presented in this paper.

Findings
A comprehensive framework is required to ensure that the AML risk posed by cryptoassets is mitigated.

Originality/value
This is an original article written for presentation at the Economic Crime Symposium in Cambridge (Jesus College).
The operational performance of fashion companies in the context of the coronavirus pandemic: static and dynamic analyses
Authors: Huang He , Huang Jing , Zhong Yanfeng 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis study clarifies the operational performance of fashion companies during the coronavirus pandemic. Meanwhile, improvement strategies have been provided in the post-pandemic era.Design/methodology/approachThe static and dynamic perspectives were combined to comprehensively analyze the operational performance of fashion companies before, during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. A comparative analysis among five representative countries was conducted to achieve global conclusions. Additionally, data envelopment analysis (DEA) theory and various DEA models were employed for the analysis.FindingsThe fashion industry has not achieved overall effectiveness. American companies have the best operational performance, followed by European and Chinese companies. In contrast, the impact of the pandemic on American companies was severe, whereas Chinese and European companies showed operational resilience. In addition, the pandemic had a devastating influence on the global fashion industry. This resulted in a decline in total factor productivity, and the main reason was technological regress. Furthermore, labor redundancy is a critical issue for the fashion industry in the post-pandemic era, even if it shows a decrease because of the pandemic.Originality/valueThe existing theory on the fashion industry during the pandemic was improved by expanding the time and geographical dimensions and integrating the advantages of various DEA models. Scientific improvement strategies were presented in the post-pandemic era with application value.
Recent progress on bumpless Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding for 3D heterogeneous integration
Authors: Li Ge , Kang Qiushi , Niu Fanfan , Wang Chenxi 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Bumpless Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding, which this paper aims to, is a key technology of three-dimensional (3D) high-density integration to promote the integrated circuits industry’s continuous development, which achieves the stacks of chips vertically connected via through-silicon via. Surface-activated bonding (SAB) and thermal-compression bonding (TCB) are used, but both have some shortcomings. The SAB method is overdemanding in the bonding environment, and the TCB method requires a high temperature to remove copper oxide from surfaces, which increases the thermal budget and grossly damages the fine-pitch device.

Design/methodology/approach
In this review, methods to prevent and remove copper oxidation in the whole bonding process for a lower bonding temperature, such as wet treatment, plasma surface activation, nanotwinned copper and the metal passivation layer, are investigated.

Findings
The cooperative bonding method combining wet treatment and plasma activation shows outstanding technological superiority without the high cost and additional necessity of copper passivation in manufacture. Cu/SiO2 hybrid bonding has great potential to effectively enhance the integration density in future 3D packaging for artificial intelligence, the internet of things and other high-density chips.

Originality/value
To achieve heterogeneous bonding at a lower temperature, the SAB method, chemical treatment and the plasma-assisted bonding method (based on TCB) are used, and surface-enhanced measurements such as nanotwinned copper and the metal passivation layer are also applied to prevent surface copper oxide.
Physical and biogenic complexity mediates ecosystem functions in urban sessile marine communities
Authors: Mayer‐Pinto Mariana , Bugnot Ana B. , Johnston Emma L. , Potts Jaimie , Airoldi Laura , Glasby Tim M. , Strain Elisabeth M. A. , Scanes Peter , Ushiama Shinjiro , Dafforn Katherine A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe influence of habitat complexity on biodiversity is a central theme in ecology, with many studies reporting positive relationships. Reconciliation approaches in urbanised areas, such as eco‐engineering, have increasingly focused on ‘re‐building’ the complexity of degraded and/or homogenised habitats to support biodiversity. Yet, the effects of increasing complexity and biodiversity on ecological functions are rarely measured.We assessed how increasing the physical and/or biogenic complexity of habitats affects the net primary productivity (NPP) and gross primary productivity (GPP), community respiration and nutrient cycling (specifically dissolved inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen) of intertidal sessile marine communities at three sites. We manipulated physical complexity using two types of settlement tiles: ‘complex’, with crevices and ridges, and ‘flat’. We increased biogenic complexity on half the replicates of each tile type by seeding with oysters.Increased physical and biogenic complexity resulted in greater sessile species richness at all sites. Although many variables assessed varied with sites and time of measurements, overall, GPP and NPP were greater on flat tiles than on complex ones. These patterns were not explained by differences in the total surface area of tiles.Daily flux rates of dissolved inorganic phosphorus had a significant positive relationship with biogenic complexity. There were no effects of biogenic or physical complexity on the net fluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen.Effects of habitat complexity on the productivity and nutrient cycling of marine sessile communities were largely unrelated to diversity measures, such as richness or abundance of key taxa and functional groups.Synthesis and applications. Eco‐engineering practices that manipulate habitat complexity might benefit from explicit functional targets that also consider associated ecosystem services, as we found that under some conditions there is a trade‐off between biodiversity and functional targets. Our results suggest that increasing habitat complexity has a positive effect on sessile species richness, but not necessarily on productivity (GPP and NPP). The species pool available as well as light availability is likely to mediate effects of complexity on assemblages, so local environment needs to be a key consideration when designing interventions.
The relationship between psychopathology, occupational balance, and quality of life among people with schizophrenia
Authors: Ercan Doğu Selma , Örsel Sibel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectiveThere is an increased risk of occupational imbalance and poor quality of life (QoL) if one has schizophrenia. Although evidence suggests a relationship between psychopathology and QoL, the association of occupational balance (OB) with QoL in schizophrenia is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations among psychopathology, occupational balance, and QoL in schizophrenia.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study carried out in a Community Mental Health Center (CMHC). Ninety‐five individuals aged 18 years or older with the diagnosis of schizophrenia participated in the study. All participants completed a sociodemographic form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale in Schizophrenia (CDSS), Occupational Balance Questionnaire‐11 Turkish Version (OBQ11‐T), and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL‐100‐TR). Relationships among clinical and depressive symptoms, OB, and QoL variables were examined through correlation analysis, and then multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the variables that have influences on QOL.ResultsThe study participants had low OB scores and the lowest mean in the WHOQOL‐social relationships subscale. WHOQOL‐overall QoL score demonstrated a moderate negative correlation with the PANSS‐total score and PANSS‐general psychopathology subscale score (r = −0.422, r = −0.463, P < 0.001) and a mild negative correlation with the CDSS‐total score (r = −0.390, P < 0.001). OBQ11‐T total score showed a moderate positive correlation with the WHOQOL‐overall score (r = 0.549; P < 0.001). Findings from the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that OBQ11‐T (β = −0.467, P = 0.000) and PANSS‐general psychopathology (β = −0.221, P = 0.045) were significant predictors of the overall QoL, explaining 48% of the variance in the overall QoL (adjusted R2 = .43, P < 0.001).ConclusionOur study findings showed that OB and general psychopathology are determinants that should be considered in improving the QoL in individuals with schizophrenia. Thereby, addressing the symptoms of general psychopathology and occupational factors to improve the QoL may be achieved with the incorporation of occupation‐based programmes to routine treatment. However, further research is required.
Physiological stage drives fungal community dynamics and diversity in Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) flowers
Authors: Larrouy Justine L. , Dhami Manpreet K. , Jones Eirian E. , Ridgway Hayley J. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFlowers are an important niche for microbes, and microbes in turn influence plant fitness. As flower morphology and biology change rapidly over time, dynamic niches for microbes are formed and lost. Floral physiology at each life stage can therefore influence arrival, persistence and loss of microbial species; however, this remains little understood despite its potential consequences for host reproductive success. Through internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) community profiling, we characterized the effect of transitioning through five floral stages of mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium), from immature bud to spent flower, and subsequent allocation to seed, on the flower‐inhabiting fungal community. We found nectar‐consuming yeasts from Aureobasidium and Vishniacozyma genera and functionally diverse filamentous fungi from the Cladosporium genus dominated the anthosphere. The candidate core microbiota persisted across this dynamic niche despite high microbial turnover, as observed in shifts in community composition and diversity as flowers matured and senesced. The results demonstrated that floral stages are strong drivers of anthosphere fungal community assembly and dynamics. This study represents the first detailed exploration of fungi through floral development, building on fundamental knowledge in microbial ecology of healthy flowers.
Haemodynamic and respiratory perioperative outcomes for open versus robot‐assisted radical cystectomy: A double‐blinded, randomised trial
Authors: Vejlgaard Maja , Maibom Sophia L. , Joensen Ulla N. , Kehlet Henrik , Bundgaard‐Nielsen Morten , Aasvang Eske K. , Røder Andreas 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical impact of prolonged steep Trendelenburg position and CO2 pneumoperitoneum during robot‐assisted radical cystectomy (RC) on intraoperative conditions and immediate postoperative recovery remains to be assessed. The current study investigates intraoperative and immediate postoperative outcomes for open RC (ORC) versus robot‐assisted RC with intracorporal urinary diversion (iRARC) in a blinded randomised trial. We hypothesised that ORC would result in a faster haemodynamic and respiratory post‐anaesthesia care unit (PACU) recovery compared to iRARC.MethodsThis study is a predefined sub‐analysis of a single‐centre, double‐blinded, randomised feasibility study. Fifty bladder cancer patients were randomly assigned to ORC (n = 25) or iRARC (n = 25). Patients, PACU staff, and ward personnel were blinded to the surgical technique. Both randomisation arms followed the same anaesthesiologic procedure, fluid treatment plan, and PACU care. The primary outcome was immediate postoperative recovery using a standardised PACU Discharge Criteria (PACU‐DC) score. Secondary outcomes included respiration‐ and arterial O2 saturation scores as well as perioperative interventions and recordings.ResultsAll patients underwent the allocated treatment. The total PACU‐DC score was highest 6 h postoperatively with no difference in the total score between randomisation arms (p = 0.80). Both the ORC and iRARC groups maintained a mean respiration‐ and arterial O2 saturation score below 1 (out of 3) throughout PACU stay. The iRARC patients had significantly, but clinically acceptable, higher maximum airway pressure and arterial blood pressure, as well as lower minimum pH levels. The ORC group received significantly more opioids after extubation but marginally less analgesics in the PACU, compared to the iRARC group.ConclusionsA prolonged Trendelenburg position and CO2 pneumoperitoneum was well‐tolerated during iRARC, and immediate postoperative recovery was similar for ORC and iRARC patients.
Examining the representation of locally threatened species in North American zoos
Authors: Kerr K. C. R. , Sauve D. , Winton S. A. , Thorne T. J. , Chabot A. A. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA perceived dissonance exists between the stated conservation mission of modern zoos and the composition of species in their care. A bias toward charismatic taxa over threatened ones has been demonstrated in several studies. However, these prior examinations have principally relied on species threat status derived from global lists, and threat status reported for species on national and subnational lists often differ from global assessments. It has been suggested that some globally non‐threatened species maintained in zoos might fulfill local conservation priorities. In this study, we compare local threat status and zoo population size for native bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species in North American zoos to assess the representation of locally threatened taxa. We found that native locally threatened species were kept in North American zoos slightly less than would be expected by chance; however, of the species that were represented in zoos, those that were threatened in more of the subnational regions where they occurred averaged larger populations within zoos. This suggests that the direct contribution from zoo animals to the conservation of locally threatened species is relatively limited with respect to taxonomic coverage, but this contribution may be underestimated by strictly counting the threatened species kept in zoos.
The effects of sugammadex vs. neostigmine on postoperative respiratory complications and advanced healthcare utilisation: a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Suleiman A. , Munoz‐Acuna R. , Azimaraghi O. , Houle T. T. , Chen G. , Rupp S. , Witt A. S. , Azizi B. A. , Ahrens E. , Shay D. , Wongtangman K. , Wachtendorf L. J. , Tartler T. M. , Eikermann M. , Schaefer M. S. 
Published: December 2022

SummaryReversing neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex can eliminate residual paralysis, which has been associated with postoperative respiratory complications. There are equivocal data on whether sugammadex reduces these when compared with neostigmine. We investigated the association of the choice of reversal drug with postoperative respiratory complications and advanced healthcare utilisation. We included adult patients who underwent surgery and received general anaesthesia with sugammadex or neostigmine reversal at two academic healthcare networks between January 2016 and June 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative respiratory complications, defined as post‐extubation oxygen saturation < 90%, respiratory failure requiring non‐invasive ventilation, or tracheal re‐intubation within 7 days. Our main secondary outcome was advanced healthcare utilisation, a composite outcome including: 7‐day unplanned intensive care unit admission; 30‐day hospital readmission; or non‐home discharge. In total, 5746 (6.9%) of 83,250 included patients experienced postoperative respiratory complications. This was not associated with the reversal drug (adjusted OR (95%CI) 1.01 (0.94–1.08); p = 0.76). After excluding patients admitted from skilled nursing facilities, 8372 (10.5%) patients required advanced healthcare utilisation, which was not associated with the choice of reversal (adjusted OR (95%CI) 0.95 (0.89–1.01); p = 0.11). Equivalence testing supported an equivalent effect size of sugammadex and neostigmine on both outcomes, and neostigmine was non‐inferior to sugammadex with regard to postoperative respiratory complications or advanced healthcare utilisation. Finally, there was no association between the reversal drug and major adverse cardiovascular events (adjusted OR 1.07 (0.94–1.21); p = 0.32). Compared with neostigmine, reversal of neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex was not associated with a reduction in postoperative respiratory complications or post‐procedural advanced healthcare utilisation.
Buprenorphine‐naloxone, buprenorphine, and methadone throughout pregnancy in maternal opioid use disorder
Authors: Kanervo Minna M. , Tupola Sarimari J. , Nikkola Eeva M. , Rantakari Krista M. , Kahila Hanna K. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroductionCurrent WHO guidelines recommend using methadone or buprenorphine as maintenance treatments for maternal opioid use disorder. However, buprenorphine‐naloxone, with a lower abuse risk than buprenorphine monotherapy or methadone, offers a potentially beneficial alternative, but scientific evidence on its effects on pregnancies, fetuses, and newborns is scarce. This paper compares the outcomes of the pregnancies, deliveries, and newborns of women on buprenorphine‐naloxone, buprenorphine, or methadone maintenance treatments. According to the hypothesis, as a maintenance treatment, buprenorphine‐naloxone does not have more adverse effects than buprenorphine, whereas methadone is more complicated.Material and methodsIn this population‐based study, 172 pregnant women on medical‐assisted treatments were followed‐up at Helsinki University Women's Hospital (Finland). Women receiving the same opioid maintenance treatment from conception to delivery and their newborns were included. Consequently, 67 mother–child dyads met the final inclusion criteria. They were divided into three groups based on their opioid pharmacotherapy. The outcomes were compared among the groups and, where applicable, with the Finnish population.ResultsThe buprenorphine‐naloxone and buprenorphine groups showed similar outcomes and did not significantly differ from each other in terms of maternal health during pregnancies, deliveries, or newborns. Illicit drug use during the pregnancy was common in all groups, but in the methadone group it was most common (p = 0.001). Most neonates (96%) were born full‐term with good Apgar scores. They were of relatively small birth size, with those in the methadone group tending to be the smallest. Of the neonates 63% needed pharmacological treatment for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. The need was lower in the buprenorphine‐based groups than in the methadone group (p = 0.029).ConclusionsBuprenorphine‐naloxone seems to be as safe for pharmacotherapy for maternal opioid use disorder as buprenorphine monotherapy for both mother and newborn. Hence it could be a choice for oral opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy, but larger studies are needed before changing the official recommendations. Women on methadone treatment carry multifactorial risks and require particularly cautious follow up. Furthermore, illicit drug use is common in all treatment groups and needs to be considered for all patients with opioid use disorder.