bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three sets of advanced backcrosses of eggplant with wild relatives from different gene pools under low N fertilization conditions
Authors: Villanueva Gloria , Plazas Mariola , Gramazio Pietro , Moya Reyes D , Prohens Jaime , Vilanova Santiago 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The development of new cultivars with improved nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is key for implementing sustainable agriculture practices. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) provide valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at achieving this goal. In this study, three eggplant (Solanum melongena) accessions together with their advanced backcrosses (ABs; BC3 to BC5 generations) were evaluated for 22 morpho-agronomic, physiological, and NUE traits under low nitrogen (LN) fertilization conditions. The ABs were developed with introgressions from the wild relatives Solanum insanum, Solanum dasyphyllum, and Solanum elaeagnifolium. The AB population comprised a total of 25, 59, and 59 genotypes, respectively, with overall donor wild relative genome coverage percentages of 58.8%, 46.3%, and 99.2%. The three S. melongena recurrent parents were also evaluated under control (normal) N fertilization. Reduction of N fertilization in the parents resulted in decreased chlorophyll content-related traits, aerial biomass, stem diameter, and yield and increased NUE, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE), and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE). However, the decrease in yield was moderate, ranging between 62.6% and 72.6%. A high phenotypic variation was observed within each of the three sets of ABs under LN conditions, with some individuals displaying improved transgressive characteristics over the recurrent parents. Using the single primer enrichment technology 5 k probes platform for high-throughput genotyping, we observed a variable but high degree of recurrent parent genome recovery in the ABs attributable to the lines recombination, allowing the successful identification of 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL). Different allelic effects were observed for the introgressed QTL alleles. Several candidate genes were identified in the QTL regions associated with plant growth, yield, fruit size, and NUE-related parameters. Our results show that eggplant materials with introgressions from CWRs can result in a dramatic impact in eggplant breeding for a more sustainable agriculture.
The Dynamics and Perception of Pain During Self-Injury
Authors: Selby Edward A. , Hughes Christopher 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This chapter looks into the dynamics and perception of pain during nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). It cites that the dynamics of pain are essential for understanding the NSSI’s etiology and adaptation of treatment. One of the key issues in the field of self-injury research is the presence, nature, and stability of pain experiences during NSSI. Thus, etiological relevance, research relevance, treatment relevance, and public health policy are four primary ways to understand the role of pain during NSSI improves overall NSSI research and treatment. The chapter covers methodological approaches to research the role of pain in NSSI while considering some theoretical motivations for self-injury such as self-punishment motivation and pain analgesia.
Effects of evocalcet on parathyroid calcium‐sensing receptor and vitamin D receptor expression in uremic rats
Authors: Saito Tomohiro , Mizobuchi Masahide , Sakai Mariko , Kawata Takehisa , Kitayama Tetsuya , Kato Tadashi , Suzuki Taihei , Ogata Hiroaki , Koiwa Fumihiko , Honda Hirokazu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the effect of the recently developed calcimimetic evocalcet (Evo) on parathyroid calcium‐sensing receptor (CaSR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. We examined the effects of Evo and cinacalcet (Cina) on CaSR and VDR expression in 5/6 nephrectomized Sprague–Dawley rats fed a high‐phosphorus diet for 4 weeks to develop secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). These uremic rats were divided into 4 groups—baseline control (Nx4W) and groups with additional treatment with either the Vehicle, Evo, or Cina for 2 weeks; normal rats were used as normal controls (NC). Blood parameters and parathyroid tissue were analyzed. CaSR and VDR expression levels were determined using immunohistochemistry. The degree of kidney injury and hyperphosphatemia was similar in the uremic groups (Nx4W, Vehicle, Cina, and Evo). Serum parathyroid hormone levels were significantly higher in the Nx4W and Vehicle groups than in the NC group. This increase was significantly suppressed in the Cina and Evo groups compared with that in the Vehicle group. Serum calcium levels were significantly and equally lower in the Cina and Evo groups relative to those in the Vehicle group. CaSR expression was significantly lower in the Nx4W and Vehicle groups than in the NC group. This downregulation was of an equally lesser magnitude in the Cina and Evo groups. A similar trend was observed for VDR expression. These results indicate that Evo and Cina treatment can increase parathyroid CaSR and VDR expression in uremic rats with SHPT, which could provide better control of mineral and bone disorder markers.
Lethal eosinophilic crystalline pneumonia in mice expressing a stabilized Csf2mRNA
Authors: Arao Yukitomo , Stumpo Deborah J. , Hoenerhoff Mark J. , Tighe Robert M. , Yu Yen‐Rei , Sutton Deloris , Kashyap Amogh , Beerman Isabel , Blackshear Perry J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGranulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) is a cytokine that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte and macrophage precursors. The mouse gene‐encoding GM‐CSF, Csf2, is regulated at both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels. An adenine–uridine‐rich element (ARE) within the 3′‐untranslated region of Csf2 mRNA was shown in cell transfection studies to confer instability on this transcript. To explore the physiological importance of this element in an intact animal, we generated mice with a knock‐in deletion of the 75‐nucleotide ARE. Mice heterozygous for this ARE deletion developed severe respiratory distress and death within about 12 weeks of age. There was dense infiltration of lung alveolar spaces by crystal‐containing macrophages. Increased stability of Csf2 mRNA was confirmed in bone marrow‐derived macrophages, and elevated GM‐CSF levels were observed in serum and lung. These mice did not exhibit notable abnormalities in blood or bone marrow, and transplantation of bone marrow from mutant mice into lethally irradiated WT mice did not confer the pulmonary phenotype. Mice with a conditional deletion of the ARE restricted to lung type II alveolar cells exhibited an essentially identical lethal lung phenotype at the same ages as the mice with the whole‐body deletion. In contrast, mice with the same conditional ARE deletion in myeloid cells, including macrophages, exhibited lesser degrees of macrophage infiltration into alveolar spaces much later in life, at approximately 9 months of age. Post‐transcriptional Csf2 mRNA stability regulation in pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells appears to be essential for normal physiological GM‐CSF secretion and pulmonary macrophage homeostasis.
GRK specificity and Gβγ dependency determines a GPCR’s potential in biased agonism
Authors: Matthees Edda S. F. , Filor Jenny C. , Jaiswal Natasha , Reichel Mona , Youssef Noureldine , Drube Julia , Godbole Amod , Hoffmann Carsten 
Published: July 2023

SummaryG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are mainly regulated by GPCR kinase (GRK) phosphorylation and subsequent β-arrestin recruitment. Recently, it was shown that GPCRs differentially depend on GRK2/3, GRK2/3/5/6 or GRK5/6 for their regulation. The four ubiquitously expressed GRKs are classified into the cytosolic GRK2/3 and the membrane-tethered GRK5/6 subfamily. In vitro studies revealed that GRK2/3 interact with the membrane-localized G protein βγ-subunits. Yet, the role of this interaction as crosslink between G protein activation and β-arrestin binding to GPCRs remained strongly underappreciated. Here we systematically show that the Gβγ–GRK2/3 interaction is key for these GRKs to mediate β-arrestin2 binding to Gs-, Gi- and Gq-coupled GPCRs. In our GRK2/3/5/6 knockout cells, without endogenous GRK background, the utilized GRK2/3 mutants devoid of the Gβγ interaction site significantly diminished β-arrestin2 recruitment to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (b2AR), muscarinic M2 and M5 acetylcholine receptors (M2R, M5R). This effect was overwritten by artificially tethering GRK2/3 via a CAAX motif to the plasma membrane independently of free Gβγ. Hence, the membrane recruitment is crucial for GRK2/3-mediated β-arrestin2 binding to GPCRs, which is naturally induced via the Gβγ interaction. This connects the β-arrestin interaction for GRK2/3-regulated receptors inseparably with the associated G protein activation. We outline a theoretical framework of how GRK dependence on free Gβγ can determine a GPCR’s potential in biased agonism. Due to this inherent cellular mechanism for GRK2/3 recruitment and receptor phosphorylation, we propose that it will likely be mechanistically unattainable to create β-arrestin-biased ligands for the subgroup of GRK2/3-regulated GPCRs, while GRK5/6-mediated receptor regulation is independent from Gβγ availability. Accordingly, one should first determine the GRK specificity of a GPCR to ultimately assess the receptor’s potential for the development of biased ligands.
Carbonate dissolution without acid: carbonate hydrolysis, catalyzed by photosynthetic microorganisms, in deteriorating stone monuments
Authors: Sun Henry J. , Zhang Gaosen , Jibrin Zakaria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRapidly deteriorating stone (marble) monuments are generally blamed on acid rain. We suggest an alternative, not necessarily exclusive, culprit: rock-inhabiting cyanobacteria and microalgae, which may enter via fissures and dissolve carbonates as they propagate under the translucent stone surface. Cyanobacteria and algae absorb CO2and HCO−and, in so doing, catalyze the reaction between carbonates and water itself. The resultant calcium hydroxide is expected to react with atmospheric CO2and with adhered dust on its way out. We tested this hypothesis at the Forbidden City in Beijing, China, by inspecting stone monuments (dolomitic marble) for telltale signs of colonization and by studying an exfoliation crust with molecular and imaging techniques. The results, reported here, are consistent. Deterioration began in, and spread from, stone joints, cracks, and shattered stone edges. A cyanobacterial biofilm visible to the naked eye was present under the deteriorating stone surface. Colonized mineral grains were dissolved in a surface-controlled manner, i.e. along crystallographic and twinning planes. Secondary calcite, as well as clay minerals, were detected in the crust.
Mathematical analysis of light-sensitivity related challenges in assessment of the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker
Authors: Usmani Imran M. , Dijk Derk-Jan , Skeldon Anne C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccurate assessment of the intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker is essential for a quantitative understanding of how our circadian rhythms are synchronised to exposure to natural and man-made light-dark cycles. The gold standard method for assessing intrinsic period in humans is forced desynchrony (FD) which assumes that the confounding effect of light on assessment of intrinsic period is removed by scheduling sleep-wake and associated dim light-dark (LD) cycles to periods outside the range of entrainment of the circadian pacemaker. However, the observation that the mean period of free-running blind people is longer than the mean period of sighted people assessed by FD (24.50±0.17 h versus 24.15±0.20 h, p<0.001) appears inconsistent with this assertion. Here, we present a mathematical analysis using a simple parametric model of the circadian pacemaker with a sinusoidal velocity response curve (VRC) describing the effect of light on the speed of the oscillator. The analysis shows that the shorter period in FD may be explained by exquisite sensitivity of the human circadian pacemaker to low light intensities and a VRC with a larger advance region than delay region. The main implication of this analysis, which generates new and testable predictions, is that current quantitative models for predicting how light exposure affects entrainment of the human circadian system may not accurately capture the effect of dim light. The mathematical analysis generates new predictions which can be tested in laboratory experiments. These findings have implications for managing healthy entrainment of human circadian clocks in societies with abundant access to light sources with powerful biological effects.
A Pilot Study Using AI for Genetic Effects on Personality: ABO Blood Type in Japan/Korea
Authors: Kanazawa Masayuki 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is estimated that genetic factors contribute to approximately 50% of an individual’s personality. However, despite this estimate, statistical analyses have yet to establish a significant and consistent relationship between personality tests and genetic factors. Conversely, a large number of individuals in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan believe in a connection between genetically determined ABO blood type and personality traits. This pilot study aimed to investigate this relationship by analyzing data from a Japanese survey (N=1,827) and a South Korean survey (N=482) using a combination of traditional statistical methods and AI. The findings demonstrated a relationship between ABO blood type and self-reported personality traits, as assessed through several single-question items, consistent with the anticipated outcomes. The findings of this study imply that the relationship between blood type and personality may extend the ABO blood type to other heritable personality traits. Additionally, this study also explores the influence of the level of interest on personality and the potential role of evolutionary psychology.
Biomimetic computer-to-brain communication restoring naturalistic touch sensations via peripheral nerve stimulation
Authors: Valle Giacomo , Secerovic Natalija Katic , Eggemann Dominic , Gorskii Oleg , Pavlova Natalia , Cvancara Paul , Stieglitz Thomas , Musienko Pavel , Bumbasirevic Marko , Raspopovic Stanisa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractArtificial communication with the brain through peripheral nerve stimulation recently showed promising results in people with sensorimotor deficits. However, these efforts fall short in delivering close-to-natural rich sensory experience, resulting in the necessity to propose novel venues for converting sensory information into neural stimulation patterns, which would possibly enable intuitive and natural sensations. To this aim, we designed and tested a biomimetic neurostimulation framework inspired by nature, able “to write” physiologically plausible information back into the residual healthy nervous system. Starting from the in-silico model of mechanoreceptors, we designed biomimetic policies of stimulation, emulating the activity of different afferent units. Then, we experimentally assessed these novel paradigms, alongside mechanical touch and commonly used, linear neuromodulations. We explored the somatosensory neuroaxis by stimulating the nerve while recording the neural responses at the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord of decerebrated cats. Biomimetic stimulation resulted in a neural activity that travels consistently along the neuroaxis, producing the spatio-temporal neural dynamic more like the naturally evoked one. Finally, we then implemented these paradigms within the bionic device and tested it with patients. Biomimetic neurostimulations resulted in higher mobility and decreased mental effort compared to traditional approaches. The results of this neuroscience-driven technology inspired by the human body could be a model for the development of novel assistive neurotechnologies.
Active vision in binocular depth estimation: a top-down perspective
Authors: Priorelli Matteo , Pezzulo Giovanni , Stoianov Ivilin Peev 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDepth estimation is an ill-posed problem: objects of different shapes or dimensions, even if at different distances, may project to the same image on the retina. Our brain uses several cues for depth estimation, including monocular cues such as motion parallax and binocular cues like diplopia. However, it is still unclear how the computations required for depth estimation are implemented in biologically plausible ways. State-of-the-art approaches to depth estimation based on deep neural networks implicitly describe the brain as a hierarchical feature detector. Instead, we propose an alternative approach that casts depth estimation as a problem of active inference. We show that depth can be inferred by inverting a hierarchical generative model that simultaneously predicts the eyes projections from a 2D belief over an object. Model inversion consists of a series of biologically plausible, homogeneous transformations based on Predictive Coding principles. Under the plausible assumption of a nonuniform fovea resolution, depth estimation favors an active vision strategy that fixates the object with the eyes, rendering the depth belief more accurate. This strategy is not realized by first fixating on a target and then estimating the depth, but by combining the two processes through action-perception cycles, with a similar mechanism of the saccades during object recognition. The proposed approach requires only local (top-down and bottom-up) message passing that can be implemented in biologically plausible neural circuits.
Pre-existing interferon gamma conditions the lung to mediate early control of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hilligan Kerry L. , Namasivayam Sivaranjani , Clancy Chad S. , Baker Paul J. , Old Samuel I. , Peluf Victoria , Amaral Eduardo P. , Oland Sandra D. , O’Mard Danielle , Laux Julie , Cohen Melanie , Garza Nicole L. , Lafont Bernard A. P. , Johnson Reed F. , Feng Carl G. , Jankovic Dragana , Lamiable Olivier , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Sher Alan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInterferons (IFNs) are critical for anti-viral host defence. Type-1 and type-3 IFNs are typically associated with early control of viral replication and promotion of inflammatory immune responses; however, less is known about the role of IFNγ in anti-viral immunity, particularly in the context of SARS-CoV-2. We have previously observed that lung infection with attenuated bacteriaMycobacterium bovisBCG achieved though intravenous (iv) administration provides strong protection against SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) infection and disease in two mouse models. Assessment of the pulmonary cytokine milieu revealed thativBCG induces a robust IFNγ response and low levels of IFNβ. Here we examined the role of ongoing IFNγ responses due to pre-established bacterial infection on SCV2 disease outcomes in two murine models. We report that IFNγ is required forivBCG induced reduction in pulmonary viral loads and that this outcome is dependent on IFNγ receptor expression by non-hematopoietic cells. Further analysis revealed that BCG infection promotes the upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) with reported anti-viral activity by pneumocytes and bronchial epithelial cells in an IFNγ-dependent manner, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed protection. Finally, we confirmed the importance of IFNγ in these anti-viral effects by demonstrating that the recombinant cytokine itself provides strong protection against SCV2 challenge when administered intranasally. Together, our data show that a pre-established IFNγ response within the lung is protective against SCV2 infection, suggesting that concurrent or recent infections that drive IFNγ may limit the pathogenesis of SCV2 and supporting possible prophylactic uses of IFNγ in COVID-19 management.
Tumor-intrinsic LKB1-LIF signaling axis establishes a myeloid niche to promote immune evasion and tumor growth
Authors: Rashidfarrokhi Ali , Pillai Ray , Hao Yuan , Wu Warren L. , Karadal-Ferrena Burcu , Dimitriadoy Sofia G. , Cross Michael , Yeaton Anna H. , Huang Shih Ming , Bhutkar Arjun J. , Herrera Alberto , Rajalingam Sahith , Hayashi Makiko , Huang Kuan-lin , Bartnicki Eric , Zavitsanou Anastasia-Maria , Wohlhieter Corrin A. , Leboeuf Sarah E. , Chen Ting , Loomis Cynthia , Mezzano Valeria , Kulicke Ruth , Davis Fred P. , Stransky Nicolas , Smolen Gromoslaw A. , Rudin Charles M. , Moreira Andre L. , Khanna Kamal M. , Pass Harvey I. , Wong Kwok-Kin , Koide Shohei , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Koralov Sergei B. , Papagiannakopoulos Thales 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARYTumor mutations can influence the surrounding microenvironment leading to suppression of anti-tumor immune responses and thereby contributing to tumor progression and failure of cancer therapies. Here we use genetically engineered lung cancer mouse models and patient samples to dissect howLKB1mutations accelerate tumor growth by reshaping the immune microenvironment. Comprehensive immune profiling ofLKB1-mutant vs wildtype tumors revealed dramatic changes in myeloid cells, specifically enrichment of Arg1+interstitial macrophages and SiglecFHineutrophils. We discovered a novel mechanism whereby autocrine LIF signaling inLkb1-mutant tumors drives tumorigenesis by reprogramming myeloid cells in the immune microenvironment. Inhibiting LIF signaling inLkb1-mutant tumors, via gene targeting or with a neutralizing antibody, resulted in a striking reduction in Arg1+interstitial macrophages and SiglecFHineutrophils, expansion of antigen specific T cells, and inhibition of tumor progression. Thus, targeting LIF signaling provides a new therapeutic approach to reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment ofLKB1-mutant tumors.
Tar patties are hotspots of hydrocarbon turnover and nitrogen fixation during a nearshore pollution event in the oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rubin-Blum Maxim , Yudkovsky Yana , Marmen Sophi , Raveh Ofrat , Amrani Alon , Kutuzov Ilya , Guy-Haim Tamar , Rahav Eyal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWeathered oil, that is, tar, forms hotspots of hydrocarbon degradation by complex biota in marine environment. Here, we used marker gene sequencing and metagenomics to characterize the communities of bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes that colonized tar patties and control samples (wood, plastic), collected in the littoral following an offshore spill in the warm, oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean Sea (SEMS). We show aerobic and anaerobic hydrocarbon catabolism niches on tar interior and exterior, linking carbon, sulfur and nitrogen cycles. Alongside aromatics and larger alkanes, short-chain alkanes appear to fuel dominant populations, both the aerobic clade UBA5335 (Macondimonas), anaerobic Syntropharchaeales, and facultative Mycobacteriales. Most key organisms, including the hydrocarbon degraders and cyanobacteria, have the potential to fix dinitrogen, potentially alleviating the nitrogen limitation of hydrocarbon degradation in the SEMS. We highlight the complexity of these tar-associated communities, where bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes co-exist, exchanging metabolites and competing for resources and space.