bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A parallel epidemic of sino-nasal mucormycosis post-COVID pneumonia, and its anesthetic implications: a case report
Authors: Arora Prateek , Bharadwaj Abhishek , Mujahid Omer Mohammed , Khetarpal Monica 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
There has been a rise in cases of sino-nasal mucormycosis in patients who contracted the COVID-19 virus and were on steroids. Population at risk includes diabetics and on immunosuppressant therapy and/or immunocompromised state. Perioperative management becomes challenging due to residual pulmonary disease secondary to COVID pneumonia and complication following systemic antifungal therapy. Such patients often have other associated illnesses like hypertension, obesity, and deranged renal functions, either as a part of metabolic syndrome or post-systemic antifungal therapy.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 64-year-old female, a poorly controlled hypertensive, with class 1 obesity, and diabetic on oral hypoglycemic agents, hypothyroid on oral medications, and post-COVID pneumonia with recently diagnosed sino-nasal mucormycosis who was posted for debridement of the sino-nasal fungal mass. The gamut of co-morbid conditions along with post-COVID pneumonia status presents an anesthetic challenge apropos the optimization of the clinical conditions and timing of the surgery considering the emergent nature of the surgery.

Conclusions
The timing of operative intervention for such patients is imperative and the treating team of anesthesiologist and the otorhinolaryngologist should aim to strike a balance between timely intervention to negate the spread of the infection to the orbit and brain causing potential irreparable damage and optimizing the cardio-respiratory and renal functions.
Artificial neural networks for data mining in animal sciences
Authors: Hamadani Ambreen , Ganai Nazir Ahmad , Bashir Janibul 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
With the advancement in technology the amount of data generated, in almost every sphere of life, is increasing exponentially. This enormous amount of data needs new powerful tools for analysis and inference drawing. One such process is data mining which is the automated extraction of hidden, previously unknown, and useful knowledge from big data. Data mining is crucial as conventional strategies cannot keep up with the analysis of rapidly accumulating data and they are also inflexible in the wake of new challenges. Animal sciences are no exception to the changing scenario, especially when animal farms are quickly becoming more data intensive.

Main body of the abstract
The amount of data generated on the farms is also growing exponentially as farms become more intensive and mechanized. There is thus a need to utilize the knowledge of multidisciplinary fields like advanced statistics, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and database management, for revamping animal sciences. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer a lot of promise in this direction since they are motivated by the distributed, massively parallel computation in the brain. ANNs are powerful machine learning tools that offer multiple advantages for data mining over traditional techniques in being fast, accurate, self-organizing, robust, and highly accepting of noisy and imprecise data. Neural networks are being applied successfully for a myriad of supervised and unsupervised learning applications to draw useful hitherto unknown inferences, patterns, and relationships. Neural networks have been used successfully for pattern recognition, clustering, forecasting, prediction, and classification in animal sciences due to their capacity to learn from data, their nonparametric nature, and their ability to generalize well. Today ANN computing is a major element within any data mining tool kit. Popular methods used for neural network computing include feed-forward networks, feedback networks, and self-organization networks. ANN also offers powerful and distributed computing architecture, especially under a scenario where the data are readily available in significant quantity.

Short conclusion
This paper gives an overview of ANN and their applications in animal sciences and reviews major research conducted in this new and exciting area of artificial intelligence. Research in many aspects of ANN in Animal Sciences has been conducted globally although there is scope for more research in aspects of animal health, monitoring, breeding as well as nutrition .
Mentorship Experiences Are Not All the Same: A Survey Study of Oncology Trainees and Early-Career Faculty
Authors: Idossa Dame , Velazquez Ana I. , Horiguchi Miki , Alberth Julia , Abuali Inas , Smith-Graziani Demetria , de Lima Lopes Gilberto , Lubner Sam , Florez Narjust 
Published: May 2023

PURPOSE Physician workforce diversity can be a driver of institutional excellence, improving innovation and reducing health disparities. However, the current diversity of the hematology/oncology (HO) workforce does not reflect that of the US population. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of current trainees and faculty within 5 years of completing terminal training in oncology specialties. RESULTS Of the 306 respondents, 64 (21%) were under-represented in medicine (URiM) and 161 (53%) identified as male. URiM participants were less likely to have a primary mentor (66%) than non-URiM participants (80%; P = .015). Among those who had a primary mentor, URiMs met less frequently (once every 3-6 months or less) with their mentor (19% v 7% non-URiM; P = .003). Furthermore, URiMs were more likely to report having mentors outside their own institution (47% v 40% non-URiM; P = .002) and making compromises to gain access to mentorship (36% v 23% non-URiM; P ≤ 0.001). URiMs were also less likely to apply for grants (34% v 42% non-URiM; P = .035) and awards (28% v 43% non-URiM; P = .019). In multivariable models, URiM individuals were more likely to make compromises to gain access to mentors (odds ratio [OR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.82) and this remained significant for females (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.26 to 3.75). CONCLUSION URiM individuals may be less likely to have effective mentorship and apply for awards and grant support. Understanding the challenges of URiM trainees can help shape training environments in academic medicine to ensure that they are grounded in diversity, inclusion, and retention.
PICK1-Deficient Mice Maintain Their Glucose Tolerance During Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Backe Marie Balslev , Andersen Rita Chan , Jensen Morten , Jin Chunyu , Hundahl Cecilie , Dmytriyeva Oksana , Treebak Jonas T , Hansen Jakob Bondo , Gerhart-Hines Zach , Madsen Kenneth L , Holst Birgitte 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Metabolic disorders such as obesity represent a major health challenge. Obesity alone has reached epidemic proportions, with at least 2.8 million people worldwide dying annually from diseases caused by overweight or obesity. The brain–metabolic axis is central to maintain homeostasis under metabolic stress via an intricate signaling network of hormones. Protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1) is important for the biogenesis of various secretory vesicles, and we have previously shown that PICK1-deficient mice have impaired secretion of insulin and growth hormone.

Objective
The aim was to investigate how global PICK1-deficient mice respond to high-fat diet (HFD) and assess its role in insulin secretion in diet-induced obesity.

Methods
We characterized the metabolic phenotype through assessment of body weight, composition, glucose tolerance, islet morphology insulin secretion in vivo, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ex vivo.

Results
PICK1-deficient mice displayed similar weight gain and body composition as wild-type (WT) mice following HFD. While HFD impaired glucose tolerance of WT mice, PICK1-deficient mice were resistant to further deterioration of their glucose tolerance compared with already glucose-impaired chow-fed PICK1-deficient mice. Surprisingly, mice with β-cell–specific knockdown of PICK1 showed impaired glucose tolerance both on chow and HFD similar to WT mice.

Conclusion
Our findings support the importance of PICK1 in overall hormone regulation. However, importantly, this effect is independent of the PICK1 expression in the β-cell, whereby global PICK1-deficient mice resist further deterioration of their glucose tolerance following diet-induced obesity.
Maternal Morbidity According to Mode of Delivery Among Pregnant Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Meng Marie-Louise , Fuller Matthew , Federspiel Jerome J. , Engelhard Matthew , McNeil Ashley , Ernst Liliane , Habib Ashraf S. , Shah Svati H. , Quist-Nelson Johanna , Raghunathan Karthik , Ohnuma Tetsu , Krishnamoorthy Vijay 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Patients with pulmonary hypertension have a high risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. It is unknown if a trial of labor carries a lower risk of morbidity in these patients compared to a planned cesarean delivery. The objective of this study was to examine the association of delivery mode with severe maternal morbidity events during delivery hospitalization among patients with pulmonary hypertension.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study used the Premier inpatient administrative database. Patients delivering ≥25 weeks gestation from January 1, 2016, to September 30, 2020, and with pulmonary hypertension were included. The primary analysis compared intended vaginal delivery (ie, trial of labor) to intended cesarean delivery (intention to treat analysis). A sensitivity analysis was conducted comparing vaginal delivery to cesarean delivery (as treated analysis). The primary outcome was nontransfusion severe maternal morbidity during the delivery hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included blood transfusion (4 or more units) and readmission to the delivery hospital within 90 days from discharge from delivery hospitalization.

RESULTS:
The cohort consisted of 727 deliveries. In the primary analysis, there was no difference in nontransfusion morbidity between intended vaginal delivery and intended cesarean delivery groups (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49–1.15). In secondary analyses, intended cesarean delivery was not associated with blood transfusion (aOR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.34–1.50) or readmission within 90 days (aOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.32–1.14). In the sensitivity analysis, cesarean delivery was associated with a 3-fold higher risk of nontransfusion morbidity compared to vaginal delivery (aOR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.54–3.93), a 3-fold higher risk of blood transfusion (aOR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.17–7.99), and a 2-fold higher risk of readmission within 90 days (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.09–4.46) compared to vaginal delivery.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among pregnant patients with pulmonary hypertension, a trial of labor was not associated with a higher risk of morbidity compared to an intended cesarean delivery. One-third of patients who required an intrapartum cesarean delivery had a morbidity event, demonstrating the increased risk of adverse events in this group.
The efficacy of supervised learning and semi-supervised learning in diagnosis of impacted third molar on panoramic radiographs through artificial intelligence model
Authors: Kim Ji-Youn , Kahm Se Hoon , Yoo Seok , Bae Soo-Mi , Kang Ji-Eun , Lee Sang Hwa 
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of traditional supervised learning (SL) and semi-supervised learning (SSL) in the classification of mandibular third molars (Mn3s) on panoramic images. The simplicity of preprocessing step and the outcome of the performance of SL and SSL were analyzed. Methods: Total 1625 Mn3s cropped images from 1000 panoramic images were labeled for classifications of the depth of impaction (D class), spatial relation with adjacent second molar (S class), and relationship with inferior alveolar nerve canal (N class). For the SL model, WideResNet (WRN) was applicated and for the SSL model, LaplaceNet (LN) was utilized. Results: In the WRN model, 300 labeled images for D and S classes, and 360 labeled images for N class were used for training and validation. In the LN model, only 40 labeled images for D, S, and N classes were used for learning. The F1 score were 0.87, 0.87, and 0.83 in WRN model, 0.84, 0.94, and 0.80 for D class, S class, and N class in the LN model, respectively. Conclusions: These results confirmed that the LN model applied as SSL, even utilizing a small number of labeled images, demonstrated the satisfactory of the prediction accuracy similar to that of the WRN model as SL.
Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia
Authors: Yue Yuan , Liang Qian , Shi Lei , Bai Wen-jing , Fu Juan 
Published: May 2023

Objective: To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia.
Methods: This is a retrospective study. Eighty children with pneumonia admitted to Baoding children’s Hospital from March 2020 to March 2021 were included and randomly divided into two groups. Children in the control group received routine treatment and nursing measures, while those in the experimental group received comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of routine treatment in the control group. The differences in clinical effect, symptom improvement time, nursing quality score and satisfaction score between the two groups were compared and analyzed.
Results: The efficacy of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.02). After comprehensive nursing intervention, the cough disappearance time, body temperature recovery time, pulmonary rales disappearance time and hospitalization time in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The scores of nursing quality such as health guidance, nursing operation, and medication management in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, with significant differences in the data comparison between the groups (p<0.05). The satisfaction of the experimental group was 100%, which was higher than 90% of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Comprehensive nursing intervention boasts various significant effects in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia, such as rapid amelioration of the condition, improvement of efficacy, and enhancement of nursing quality and satisfaction.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7195
How to cite this: Yue Y, Liang Q, Shi L, Bai W, Fu J. Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the efficacy of spleen aminopeptide combined with aerosol inhalation in the treatment of pediatric pneumonia. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7195
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Emerging Role of Radiologist in Multidisciplinary Team Meetings
Authors: Ansari Sadaf arooj 
Published: May 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7645
How to cite this: Arooj S. Emerging Role of Radiologist in Multidisciplinary Team Meetings. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):919-920. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7645
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Azithromycin in labour to reduce maternal and newborn sepsis and associated deaths: the need for a harmonized approach
Authors: McClure Elizabeth M. , Roca Anna , Kotloff Karen , Carlo Waldemar A. , D'Alessandro Umberto , Tinto Halidou , Camara Bully , Chomba Elwyn , Sow Samba O. , Driscoll Amanda , Hemingway-Foday Jennifer , Tita Alan 
Published: May 2023

Maternal and newborn infections are a major contributor to mortality and morbidity globally. Lost-cost, effective and safe interventions are needed to address these. Based on promising findings, azithromycin has been identified as potentially effective antibiotic to reduce maternal and newborn infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, robust randomized clinical trials in a range of settings are needed to confirm these findings as well as to understand the implications for antimicrobial resistance. To better understand the impact of azithromycin on maternal and newborn health, at least three clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate azithromycin in LMICs. We describe these trials, the importance of harmonizing study measures and the potential public health impact of azithromycin in LMICs.
The Limits of Centralized Pricing in Online Marketplaces and the Value of User Control
Authors: Filippas Apostolos , Jagabathula Srikanth , Sundararajan Arun 
Published: May 2023

We report experimental and quasi-experimental evidence from a “sharing economy” marketplace that transitioned from decentralized to centralized pricing. Centralized pricing increased the utilization of providers’ assets, resulting in higher revenues but also higher transaction costs. Providers who were barred from accessing the price system made nonprice adjustments, including reducing the availability of their assets, canceling booked transactions, and exiting the market. Providers who retained partial pricing control reacted substantially less but experienced similar revenue increases. We highlight the challenges of implementing centralized pricing and assessing its welfare effects. We show that partial control can mitigate these challenges, allowing providers to express their private and heterogeneous preferences while maintaining the benefits of centralization. This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics. Funding: S. Jagabathula was funded in part by the Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation [Grant 1454310]. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4789 .
A Microstructural Approach to Self-Organizing: The Emergence of Attention Networks
Authors: Tonellato Marco , Tasselli Stefano , Conaldi Guido , Lerner Jürgen , Lomi Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

A recent line of inquiry investigates new forms of organizing as bundles of novel solutions to universal problems of resource allocation and coordination: how to allocate organizational problems to organizational participants and how to integrate participants’ resulting efforts. We contribute to this line of inquiry by reframing organizational attention as the outcome of a concatenation of self-organizing, microstructural mechanisms linking multiple participants to multiple problems, thus giving rise to an emergent attention network. We argue that, when managerial hierarchies are absent and authority is decentralized, observable acts of attention allocation produce interpretable signals that help participants to direct their attention and share information on how to coordinate and integrate their individual efforts. We theorize that the observed structure of an organizational attention network is generated by the concatenation of four interdependent micromechanisms: focusing, reinforcing, mixing, and clustering. In a statistical analysis of organizational problem solving within a large open-source software project, we find support for our hypotheses about the self-organizing dynamics of the observed attention network connecting organizational problems (software bugs) to organizational participants (volunteer contributors). We discuss the implications of attention networks for theory and practice by emphasizing the self-organizing character of organizational problem solving. We discuss the generalizability of our theory to a wider set of organizations in which participants can freely allocate their attention to problems and the outcomes of their allocation are publicly observable without cost. Funding: Financial support for this work was provided by the Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Grant 100018_150126] (“Relational event modes for bipartite networks with application to collaborative problem solving,” P.I. Alessandro Lomi) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [Grant 321869138] (“Statistical analysis of time-stamped multi-actor events in social networks,” P.I. Jüergen Lerner). Supplemental Material: The supplemental video containing the dynamic visualization of the data is available at https://zenodo.org/record/7564503 and in the e-companion (available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1674 ).
Para investigar o mar precisei atravessar a pele: notas sobre moluscos, memória e ancestralidade
Authors: Rocha Mariana da Silva 
Published: May 2023

Resumo: Parto da ideia de que há um mar dentro do meu corpo. Elejo o polvo e outros moluscos como guias em um mergulho que acontece dentro e fora de mim. Enquanto comparo nossas fisiologias, origens, histórias e peles, penso sobre a mestiçagem e as consequências do sequestro de pessoas africanas para as Américas.Palavras-chave: Mar. Moluscos. Pele. Ancestralidade. To investigate the sea I had to go through the skin: some notes on molluscs, memory and ancestryAbstract: I start from the idea that there is a sea inside my body. I choose the octopus and other molluscs as guides in a dive that takes place inside and outside of me. As I compare our physiologies, origins, histories and skins, I think about miscegenation and the consequences of kidnapping African people to the Americas.Keywords: Sea. Molluscs. Skin. Ancestry.
Fifty years of progress in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Timms Laura , Rodd Helen , Day Peter , Morgan Annie , Harris Jenny , Stevens Claire , Deery Chris 
Published: May 2023

Progress in paediatric dentistry over the last half a century has been evident across all areas of the speciality. This article highlights significant changes in the diagnosis, prevention and management of dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, developmental enamel defects, tooth erosion, dental fear and anxiety and safeguarding children. The dedication of clinicians and researchers along with advances in material science and technology have supported this progress. We discuss the importance of working with those both within and outside of the specialty in order to collaborate to improve children’s oral health. There have been significant strides in the provision of child-centred holistic care and research. Reviewing the advancements made over this period has set a high precedent for making further progress within paediatric dentistry over the next 50 years. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge of key advances in the field of paediatric dentistry will facilitate good diagnosis and treatment of younger patients.
Endodontic Update: 50 years of progress
Authors: Bonsor Stephen J , Saunders William P 
Published: May 2023

The science of endodontology and the practice of endodontics have changed immeasurably in the last 50 years. Improved understanding of the aetiology of peri-radicular diseases, in particular the central role of micro-organisms, has driven a more biological approach to treatment. Advances in technology have brought to market sophisticated armamentaria that have facilitated and enhanced clinical delivery. The development of biomaterials and the refinement of clinical techniques have contributed to improved outcomes for both non-surgical and surgical endodontic treatments. The present article summarizes the changes in this field in the past 50 years, and updates the reader on contemporary clinical endodontic practice.CPD/Clinical Relevance: An awareness of historical developments in the field of endodontics provides useful context and an increased understanding of current practices