bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment With Liposomal Irinotecan Plus Fluorouracil and Leucovorin for Patients With Previously Treated Metastatic Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Hyung Jaewon , Kim Ilhwan , Kim Kyu-pyo , Ryoo Baek-Yeol , Jeong Jae Ho , Kang Myoung Joo , Cheon Jaekyung , Kang Byung Woog , Ryu Hyewon , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Kyung Won , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K. , Yoo Changhoon 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceThe NIFTY trial demonstrated the benefit of treatment with second-line liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) plus fluorouracil (FU) and leucovorin (LV) for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC).ObjectiveTo report the updated efficacy outcomes from the NIFTY trial with extended follow-up of 1.3 years with reperformed masked independent central review (MICR) with 3 newly invited radiologists.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe NIFTY trial was a randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 2b clinical trial conducted between September 5, 2018, and December 31, 2021, at 5 tertiary referral centers in South Korea. Patients with advanced BTC whose disease progressed while receiving first-line gemcitabine plus cisplatin with at least 1 measurable lesion per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1, were eligible. Data analysis was completed on May 9, 2022.InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1 to receive LV, 400 mg/m2, bolus and FU, 2400 mg/m2, for a 46-hour infusion intravenously every 2 weeks with or without nal-IRI, 70 mg/m2, before LV intravenously. Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxic effects.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary end point was progression-free survival (PFS) as assessed by MICR. Secondary end points were PFS as assessed by the investigator, overall survival, and objective response rate.ResultsA total of 178 patients (75 women [42.1%]; median [IQR] age, 64 [38-84] years) were randomly assigned, and 174 patients were included in the full analysis set (88 patients [50.6%] in the nal-IRI plus FU/LV group vs 86 patients [49.4%] in the FU/LV alone group). In this updated analysis, the median MICR-assessed PFS was 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.8-5.3) for the nal-IRI plus FU/LV group and 1.7 months (95% CI, 1.4-2.6) for the FU/LV alone group (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44-0.86; P = .004), in contrast to the 7.1 and 1.4 months reported in the previous study, respectively. The discordance rate for tumor progression date between the MICR and investigators was 17.8% (vs 30% in the previous study).Conclusions and RelevanceThe NIFTY randomized clinical trial demonstrated significant improvement in PFS with treatment with nal-IRI plus FU/LV compared with FU/LV alone for patients with advanced BTC after progression to gemcitabine plus cisplatin. The combination of nal-IRI plus FU/LV could be considered as a second-line treatment option for patients with previously treated advanced BTC.Trial Registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT03524508
Polybutadiene Rubber
Authors: Mohanty Subhra , Gupta Virendra Kumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolybutadiene (PBR) occupies the second position among synthetic rubber after styrene‐butadiene rubber with a global production capacity of ∼2.8 million metric tons per year. It is produced by solution polymerization process using the Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system. PBR with varied microstructure feature is produced using different types of transition metal in combination with alkyl aluminum. The presence of different microstructures in the product impact properties and performances of the rubber. This article focuses on PBR polymerization processes with different types of catalyst systems and their effect on microstructure of products.
Polymer Nanofibers
Authors: Mandal Sumit , Song Guowen , Zeng Hongbo , Agnew Robert J. , Chowdhury Ishmam Zahin , Boorady Lynn M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of this article is to provide an overview of nanofibers' properties, functionality enhancement, and applications. In order to achieve this, the significant properties of nanofibers were first demonstrated. Based on this demonstration, it was concluded that nanofibers have potential use for a wide range of applications. Additionally, the functionality enhancements of nanofibers through their physical and chemical modifications were reviewed. This functionality enhancement process helps to effectively apply the nanofibers in the engineering and medical fields. The applications of nanofibers in different hi‐tech engineering and medical fields were described. This article identified various gaps and limitations associated with nanofibers' applications and suggested further research directions. Based on this article, it has been found that nanofibers could be produced with several properties and structures including shape, size, and strength. As a result, nanofibers could be applicable in high‐tech engineering and medical sectors such as tissue engineering, sensors, and enzyme carrier. As nanofiber is a porous media, the applicability of nanofibers could be widened in different fields like protective apparel, lightweight military products, and so on. This article can help polymer engineers to improve and extend the applicability of nanofibers in evolving engineering and medical fields. In turn, this article could help to advance the field of high‐tech engineering and medical field for better human life.
Bats increased foraging activity at experimental prey patches near hibernacula
Authors: Frick Winifred F. , Dzal Yvonne A. , Jonasson Kristin A. , Whitby Michael D. , Adams Amanda M. , Long Christen , Depue John E. , Newman Christian M. , Willis Craig K. R. , Cheng Tina L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Emerging infectious diseases in wildlife can threaten vulnerable host populations. Actions targeting habitat improvements to aid population resilience and recovery may be beneficial long‐term strategies, yet testing the efficacy of such strategies before major conservation investments are made can be challenging.

The disease white‐nose syndrome (WNS) has caused severe declines in several species of North American hibernating bats. We tested a novel conservation approach targeted at improving foraging conditions near bat hibernacula by experimentally manipulating insect density in the pre‐hibernation fattening period and spring emergence recovery period. We measured foraging (feeding buzzes) and echolocation activity of little brown bats Myotis lucifugus at ultraviolet (UV) light lures to determine behavioural response to augmented foraging conditions and characterized insect availability at UV light lures.

In the fall, bat foraging activity was three times greater (95% CI: 1.5–5.8; p = 0.002) when UV lights were on, but there was no statistical support for differences in echolocation activity response when our experimental design alternated between nights with lights on and off. In the spring, we allowed UV light lures to run consistently each night and compared with a control location in similar habitat. Bat foraging activity was 8.5 times greater (95% CI: 4.5–16.0; p < 0.0001) and echolocation activity was 4.4 times higher (95% CI: 3.0–6.5; p < 0.0001) at UV light lures in the spring experiment. In both the fall and spring, UV light lures resulted in concentrated insect availability, attracting primarily moths (Order: Lepidoptera). In both seasons, nightly temperature had a strong influence on bat foraging, echolocation and insect activity.

We show that a bat species threatened by WNS used enhanced foraging habitats near hibernacula during the critical pre‐ and post‐hibernation phases of their annual cycle. While light lures are unlikely to be a long‐term management strategy, our experiment provides initial evidence that bats behaviourally respond with increased foraging activity in areas with augmented insect prey availability. Our experimental results support developing management strategies focused on habitat protection, including restoration and enhancement of foraging habitats, in the immediate vicinity of bat hibernacula.
The Comprehensive Effects ofCarassius auratusComplex Formula against Lipid Accumulation, Hepatocarcinogenesis, and COVID‐19 Pathogenesis via Stabilized G‐Quadruplex and Reduced Cell Senescence
Authors: Hsiao He‐Yun , Hsu Po‐Jui , Sampurna Bonifasius Putera , Lin Yu‐Ju , Lin Kuan‐Hao , Zhao Yu‐Ning , Wang Horng‐Dar , Yuh Chiou‐Hwa 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarassius auratuscomplex formula (CACF) is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its antidiabetic effects. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, and there are currently no effective therapies for advanced HCC. This study explores the comprehensive effects and possible mechanisms of CACF on HCC. The results show that CACF reduces the viability of hepatoma cells in vitro, while benefiting normal hepatocytes. In addition, CACF inhibits hepatoma cell growth in a zebrafish xenotransplantation model and decreases lipid accumulation, represses inflammation and cell proliferation markers in fatty acid translocase (CD36) transgenic zebrafish, and inhibits the expression of cell proliferation and β‐catenin downstream targets in telomerase (tert) transgenic zebrafish models. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis reveals that CACF exerts multiple functions, including reduction of inflammation and inhibition of lipid transporter and PPAR signaling pathway. Surprisingly, CACF also regulates the expression of genes and reduces coronavirus infection and pathogenesis in a zebrafish model. CACF treatment is validated to regulate the expression of genes for anti‐coronavirus activity. Mechanistically, CACF stabilizes G‐quadruplex and reduces cell senescence associated β‐galactosidase activity. In summary, CACF may be a promising therapeutic agent with multiple functions including anticancer, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐microorganisms in a zebrafish model.
Synergistic Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Nanoparticles Assembled from Naturally Occurring Building Blocks
Authors: Li Haotian , Zhang Jianhua , Yang Lei , Cao Huan , Yang Zhen , Yang Peng , Zhang Wei , Li Yiwen , Chen Xianchun , Gu Zhipeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBacterial infections represent one of the serious human healthcare threats, and ≈80% of bacterial infections are related to biofilm. So far, there are extensive investigations on the development of robust biomaterials toward the elimination of biofilms and synergistic antibacterial applications. Despite the progress made, concerns have always been raised regarding the sophisticated synthesis and pre‐modification of hybrid materials, complicated purification and high‐cost work. In this study, a series of robust and integrative nanoparticles (NPs) assembled from two types of natural building blocks (natural polyphenols and tobramycin antibiotics) is successfully fabricated via a one‐pot integration approach, which can efficiently destruct the biofilm structure and kill bacteria via enhanced antibiotic infiltration. Notably, natural polyphenols and tobramycin can release from the formed NPs in an on‐demand manner in the bacterial‐induced environment. The former ones can inhibit quorum sensing within bacteria through competitive combination with autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) to remove the existing biofilm, and the latter antibiotics exert high antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides new inspirations toward robust and synergistic antimicrobial and antibiofilm nanomaterials via the facile integration of naturally occurring molecules.
Two‐Photon Polymerization Lithography for Optics and Photonics: Fundamentals, Materials, Technologies, and Applications
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Wang , Ladika Dimitra , Yu Haoyi , Gailevičius Darius , Wang Hongtao , Pan Cheng‐Feng , Nair Parvathi Nair Suseela , Ke Yujie , Mori Tomohiro , Chan John You En , Ruan Qifeng , Farsari Maria , Malinauskas Mangirdas , Juodkazis Saulius , Gu Min , Yang Joel K. W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of additive manufacturing has fueled a revolution in various research fields and industrial applications. Among the myriad of advanced 3D printing techniques, two‐photon polymerization lithography (TPL) uniquely offers a significant advantage in nanoscale print resolution, and has been widely employed in diverse fields, for example, life sciences, materials sciences, mechanics, and microfluidics. More recently, by virtue of the optical transparency of most of the resins used, TPL is finding new applications in optics and photonics, with nanometer to millimeter feature dimensions. It enables the minimization of optical elements and systems, and exploration of light‐matter interactions with new degrees of freedom, never possible before. To review the recent progress in the TPL related optical research, it starts with the fundamentals of TPL and material formulation, then discusses novel fabrication methods, and a wide range of optical applications. These applications notably include diffractive, topological, quantum, and color optics. With a panoramic view of the development, it is concluded with insights and perspectives of the future development of TPL and related potential optical applications.
Recent Progress on Synthesis, Intrinsic Properties and Optoelectronic Applications of Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Li Huayang , Shen Nan , Chen Shi , Guo Fei , Xu Baomin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMetal halide perovskite have shown great potential for applications in photovoltaics, light‐emitting diodes and photon detectors, mainly owing to their superb optoelectronic properties, low‐cost raw materials and facile fabrication process. Although, polycrystalline perovskite thin‐films have been actively investigated for preparing various optoelectronic devices, the presence of detrimental defects at grain boundaries, serious ion migration and limited stability unfortunately hinder their device performance and practical application. As a contrast, perovskite single crystals (SCs) exhibit no grain boundaries, much lower trap density and much improved stability, hence providing a more attractive choice for not only optoelectronic device applications but also fundamental research. In this review, recent progress in the growth methods of perovskite SCs is summarized, followed by giving a detailed introduction of the intrinsic properties of perovskite SCs including optical properties, defects, charge carrier dynamics, ion migration and stability. On these base, the applications of perovskite SCs in various optoelectronic devices like solar cells, photodetectors, and radiation detectors are discussed, where the relationship between the composition, device architecture and device performance is highlighted. Finally, a tentative discussion on the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of perovskite SCs and optoelectronic devices is presented.
Facile Handling of 3D Two‐Photon Polymerized Microstructures by Ultra‐Conformable Freestanding Polymeric Membranes
Authors: den Hoed Frank Marco , Ottomaniello Andrea , Tricinci Omar , Ceseracciu Luca , Carlotti Marco , Raffa Patrizio , Mattoli Virgilio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMicro‐nano‐fabrication on objects with complex surfaces is essential for the development of technologies in the growing fields of flexible electronics and photonics. Various strategies are devised to extend the fabrication from conventional planar substrates to curved ones, however, significant challenges still exist, especially in the framework of 3D printing and additive manufacturing. In this study, a novel technique is presented to realize 3D micro‐structures on arbitrary complex surfaces providing an extreme level of conformability. This method relies on the fabrication of micro‐structures via two‐photon polymerization on polymeric nano‐membranes that can be efficiently transferred to a specific target. Ultra‐thin polymeric films are exploited as the support to suspend and transfer the printed micro‐structures on the predefined surface. The nanofilm can finally be easily removed, apart from the region underneath the printed elements where it serves as a few tens of nanometers adhesive. The repeatability and feasibility of the proposed process are investigated and shown to provide large flexibility of choice on the printed structures, materials used, transfer procedures, and targeted substrate geometries. By integration with standard fabrication processes, the described technique offers a great potential for the development of next‐generation multidimensional/multi‐material micro‐nano‐technologies.
Topological Spin Textures in a Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet System
Authors: Liu Xionghua , Feng Qiyuan , Zhang Dong , Deng Yongcheng , Dong Shuai , Zhang Enze , Li Weihao , Lu Qingyou , Chang Kai , Wang Kaiyou 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTopologically protected magnetic “whirls” such as skyrmions in antiferromagnetic materials have recently attracted extensive interest due to their nontrivial band topology and potential application in antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, room‐temperature skyrmions in natural metallic antiferromagnetic materials with merit of probable convenient electrical manipulation have not been reported. Here, room‐temperature skyrmions are realized in a non‐collinear antiferromagnet, Mn3Sn, capped with a Pt overlayer. The evolution of spin textures from coplanar inverted triangular structures to Bloch‐type skyrmions is achieved via tuning the magnitude of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Beyond that, the temperature can induce an unconventional transition from skyrmions to antiferromagnetic meron‐like spin textures at ≈220 K in the Mn3Sn/Pt samples. Combining with the theoretical calculations, it is found that the transition originates from the temperature dependence of antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between kagome sublayers within the Mn3Sn crystalline unit‐cell. These findings open the avenue for the development of topological spin‐swirling‐based antiferromagnetic spintronics.
The Criterion of the Cassie–Baxter and Wenzel Wetting Modes and the Effect of Elastic Substrates on It
Authors: Park Il Woong , Ribe Jonas M. , Fernandino Maria , Dorao Carlos A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractControlling the wettability using microstructures has been studied because of many applications. In particular, bio‐mimetic microstructures modeled after the self‐cleaning properties of the lotus leaf have been extensively studied. Despite many studies successfully achieving the fabrication of superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic surfaces through the manipulation of microstructures, the effect of rough surfaces on contact angle remains an area of inquiry. In this study, conical microstructures with well‐defined geometric parameters are fabricated over a silicon wafer. They are replicated into soft matter that has transparent and flexible characteristics. From the measurement of the contact angle for fabricated surfaces, the prediction of the criteria for transitioning from the Cassie‐Baxter state to the Wenzel state can be suggested. Furthermore, the fabrication of an inexpensive, transparent, elastic, and superhydrophobic surface based on truncated micro‐conical structures in PDMS can be suggested.
Preparation and Physical Properties of Stretchable FeRh Films with Periodic Wrinkle Structure
Authors: Huang Kai , Xie Yali , Yang Huali , Li Mengchao , Pan Lili , Bao Xilai , He Zidong , Li Wangchang , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStretchable magnetic materials are highly desirable for developing flexible high‐performance magnetoelectronic devices. However, it is still challenge to fabricate stretchable magnetic films with high growth temperature. In this work, metamagnetic FeRh films are grown on mica substrates at high temperature and then transferred onto the prestrained polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Due to the large modulus mismatch between FeRh films and PDMS, FeRh films with periodic wrinkle pattern is formed after releasing the prestrain, enabling a controllable stretchability up to a few tens of percent. Moreover, the meta‐magnetic phase transition temperature can be effectively controlled by the prestrain, with an increase of ≈4 K for every 10% increase in the prestrain. In case of the applied tensile strain less than the prestrain, the obtained flexible FeRh films can maintain stable performance after thousands of stretches, making it promising for applications in flexible magnetoelectronic devices.
Substrate‐Independent Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing with Dual‐Ring Electrostatic Focusing Structure
Authors: Li Xiaojian , Liang Junsheng , Xiao Jianping , Su Shijie , Zhu Long , Sun Lujing , Gao Liangjie , Wang Huaan , Yin Penghe , Chen Li , Wang Dazhi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrohydrodynamic jet (E‐Jet) printing is one of the most effective methods for fabricating micro/nanostructures due to its high‐resolution, broad material adaptability, and simple process. However, printing high‐resolution patterns on curved or insulated substrates still is of a great challenge because it is quite difficult to keep the electric field distribution stable between the nozzle and the substrate during the printing process. To address these issues, a dual‐ring electrostatic focused electrohydrodynamic jet (DEFEJ) printing method is proposed. In this technique, a microtip with a radius of curvature (ROC) of several micrometers is placed in a conductive dual‐ring structure to form the built‐in electrostatic focusing and drive the Taylor cone. The high‐speed jets then fall on the substrate due to their own motion inertia, eliminating the influence of the substrate curvature and its conductivity on the electric field distribution. Submicrometer droplets with an average diameter of about 0.83 µm are obtained using a 10‐µm‐ROC microtip. In addition, high‐resolution microstructure patterns are also printed on substrates with different conductivity and curvature. This DEFEJ printing method not only has the same printing accuracy as conventional E‐Jet printing, but also can significantly increase the adaptability of E‐Jet printing to different substrates.
Single Molecule with a Large Transistor – SiMoT cytokine IL‐6 Detection Benchmarked against a Chemiluminescent Ultrasensitive Immunoassay Array
Authors: Scandurra Cecilia , Björkström Kim , Sarcina Lucia , Imbriano Anna , Di Franco Cinzia , Österbacka Ronald , Bollella Paolo , Scamarcio Gaetano , Torsi Luisa , Macchia Eleonora 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEarly diagnosis and efficient treatments of oncological, neurological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases rely more and more on ultrasensitive detection of protein markers; the ultimate limit is a reliable immunoassay capable of single‐protein detection. Among protein biomarkers, cytokines play a key role in clinical diagnosis as they are involved in developing many complex diseases and disorders, such as chronic inflammatory diseases including metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, along with autoimmune diseases and cancer. Herein, the improvement of a Single Molecule with Transistor (SiMoT) is reported based on an electrolyte‐gated organic field‐effect transistor applied for the detection of cytokine IL‐6 in blood serum, reaching a limit‐of‐detection (LOD) of 1 ± 1 protein in a sample of 0.1 mL. The analytical performance levels are benchmarked against the Simoa Planar Array SP‐X technology, a benchtop chemiluminescent array. After comprehensive optimization, Simoa SP‐X by using a multivariate experimental design approach exhibits a LOD 103 higher than SiMoT. The proposed SiMoT electronic assay is label‐free, fast (30 min), and selective, paving the way for an ultra‐sensitive point‐of‐care immunoassay platform enabling pre‐symptomatic disease diagnosis.