bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Treatment of Critical Limb Ischemia: A National Perspective
Authors: Wahood Waseem , Duval Sue , Takahashi Edwin A. , Secemsky Eric A. , Misra Sanjay 
Published: August 2023

Background
Recent guidelines have emphasized the use of medical management, early diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary team to effectively treat patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). Previous literature briefly highlighted the current racial disparities in its intervention. Herein, we analyze the trend over a 14‐year time period to investigate whether the disparities gap in CLI management is closing.

Methods and Results

The National Inpatient Sample was queried between 2005 and 2018 for hospitalizations involving CLI. Nontraumatic amputations and revascularization were identified. Utilization trends of these procedures were compared between races (White, Black, Hispanic, Asian and Pacific Islander, Native American, and Other). Multivariable regression assessed differences in race regarding procedure usage. There were 6 904 562 admissions involving CLI in the 14‐year study period. The rate of admissions in White patients who received any revascularization decreased by 0.23% (
P
<0.001) and decreased by 0.25% (
P
=0.025) for Asian and Pacific Islander patients. Among all patients, the annual rate of admission in White patients who received any amputation increased by 0.21% (
P
<0.001), increased by 0.19% (
P
=0.001) for Hispanic patients, and increased by 0.19% (
P
=0.012) for the Other race patients. Admissions involving Black, Hispanic, Asian and Pacific Islander, or Other race patients had higher odds of receiving any revascularization compared with White patients. All races had higher odds of receiving major amputation compared with White patients.

Conclusions
Our analysis highlights disparities in CLI treatment in our nationally representative sample. Non‐White patients are more likely to receive invasive treatments, including major amputations and revascularization for CLI, compared with White patients.
Association of a Healthy Lifestyle, Life's Essential 8 Scores With Incident Macrovascular and Microvascular Disease Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: He Panpan , Li Huan , Ye Ziliang , Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Wu Qimeng , Zhang Yanjun , Yang Sisi , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qin Xianhui 
Published: August 2023

Background
The association of a healthy lifestyle with the prognosis of type 2 diabetes remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the associations of a healthy lifestyle and a higher American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 score with incident macrovascular and microvascular diseases in type 2 diabetes.

Methods and Results
A total of 13 543 participants with baseline type 2 diabetes and free of macrovascular and microvascular diseases from the UK Biobank were included. A healthy lifestyle was determined based on body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep duration, and diet. Life's Essential 8 scores were generated from 8 metrics according to the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health advisory, ranging from 0 to 100. During a median follow‐up of 12.1 years, 3279 (24.2%) incident macrovascular diseases and 2557 (18.9%) microvascular diseases were documented. Compared with those with a poor lifestyle, participants with an ideal lifestyle had significantly lower risks of incident macrovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46 [95% CI, 0.36–0.59]) and microvascular disease (HR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.47–0.77]). Significantly lower risks of macrovascular disease (HR, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.05‐0.79]) and microvascular disease (HR, 0.24 [95% CI, 0.06‐0.98]) were also found in the high cardiovascular health group (Life's Essential 8 scores: 80–100), compared to the low cardiovascular health group (scores: 0–49). Adhering to an ideal lifestyle may prevent 37.0% of macrovascular disease and 24.7% of microvascular disease, and attaining a high cardiovascular health may prevent 71.9% of macrovascular disease and 67.5% of microvascular disease.

Conclusions
A healthy lifestyle and a higher Life's Essential 8 score were associated with lower risks of macrovascular and microvascular diseases among participants with type 2 diabetes.
Judging Abstract Expressionist and Conceptual Artworks under Different Information Conditions
Authors: Gonzalez Federico M. , Burin Débora I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Verbal information presented alongside artworks affects how they are judged and experienced, with diverse effects depending on aspects like information type and artistic style. The aim of the present studies was to explore the effect of different types of information (image only, short label, descriptive text, and interpretive text) on a range of responses to abstract expressionist and conceptual artworks, including aesthetic and epistemic emotions, judgments of understanding, and artistic value. Interpretive texts had positive effects on appraised ability to understand, epistemic emotions, and artistic value judgments, while descriptive texts affected aesthetic emotions. Artistic style was only relevant for the effect on epistemic emotions. Additionally, viewing times were shorter for images presented after texts. Overall, results suggest that different types of information might relate to different facets of the aesthetic experience.
Verif: A Weather-Prediction Verification Tool for Effective Product Development
Authors: Nipen Thomas N. , Stull Roland B. , Lussana Cristian , Seierstad Ivar A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Verif is an open-source tool for verifying weather predictions against a ground truth. It is suitable for a range of applications and designed for iterative product development involving fine-tuning of algorithms, comparing methods, and addressing scientific issues with the product. The tool generates verification plots based on user-supplied input files containing predictions and observations for multiple point-locations, forecast lead times, and forecast initialization times. It supports over 90 verification metrics and diagrams and can evaluate deterministic and probabilistic predictions. An extensive set of command-line flags control how the input data are aggregated, filtered, stratified, and visualized. The broad range of metrics and data manipulation options allows the user to gain insight from both summary scores and detailed time series of individual weather events. Verif is suitable for many applications, including assessing numerical weather prediction models, climate models, reanalyses, machine learning models, and even the fidelity of emerging observational sources. The tool has matured through long-term development at the Norwegian Meteorological Institute and the University of British Columbia. Verif comes with an extensive wiki page and example input files covering a wide range of prediction applications, allowing students and researchers interested in verification to get hands-on experience with real-life datasets. This article describes the functionality of Verif version 1.3 and shows how the tool can be used for effective product development.
MJO Influence on Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction in the Northern Hemisphere Extratropics
Authors: Kim Hera , Son Seok-Woo , Kim Hyemi , Seo Kyong-Hwan , Kang Min-Jee 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The impacts of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics are examined using the reforecasts from the S2S Project and Subseasonal Experiment Project (SubX). When forecasts are initialized during an active MJO, extratropical prediction skill becomes significantly higher at 3–4-week windows compared to inactive MJO. Such prediction skill improvement is evident in the 500-hPa geopotential height over the Pacific–North America region and the North Atlantic and in surface temperature over North America, especially when the model is initialized during the MJO phases 6–7 and 8–1. However, the extratropical prediction skill is not modulated by the MJO phases 2–3 and 4–5. This phase dependency is likely determined by the arrival time of the MJO at the Maritime Continent (MC) barrier that substantially enhances the MJO amplitude error. This result suggests that only MJO phases whose convection lies east of the MC are a source of wintertime S2S predictability in the extratropics.
Using a Reanalysis-Driven Land Surface Model for Initialization of a Numerical Weather Prediction System
Authors: Bakketun Åsmund , Blyverket Jostein , Müller Malte 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Realistic initialization of the land surface is important to produce accurate NWP forecasts. Therefore, making use of available observations is essential when estimating the surface state. In this work, sequential land surface data assimilation of soil variables is replaced with an offline cycling method. To obtain the best possible initial state for the lower boundary of the NWP system, the land surface model is rerun between forecasts with an analyzed atmospheric forcing. We found a relative reduction of 2-m temperature root-mean-square errors and mean errors of 6% and 12%, respectively, and 4.5% and 11% for 2-m specific humidity. During a convective event, the system was able to produce useful (fractions skill score greater than the uniform forecast) forecasts [above 30 mm (12 h)−1] down to a 100-km length scale where the reference failed to do so below 200 km. The different precipitation forcing caused differences in soil moisture fields that persisted for several weeks and consequently impacted the surface fluxes of heat and moisture and the forecasts of screen level parameters. The experiments also indicate diurnal- and weather-dependent variations of the forecast errors that give valuable insight on the role of initial land surface conditions and the land–atmosphere interactions in southern Scandinavia.
Exchange of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Cannulas for Hemodialysis Catheters in Children Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Cruz-Centeno Nelimar , Stewart Shai , Marlor Derek R. , Rivard Douglas C. , Daniel John M. , Oyetunji Tolulope A. , Hendrickson Richard J. 
Published: August 2023

Background Pediatric patients requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may require renal replacement therapy even after decannulation. However, data regarding transition from ECMO cannulation to a hemodialysis catheter in pediatric patients is not currently available. Methods Patients <18 years old who had an ECMO cannula exchanged for a hemodialysis catheter during decannulation at a tertiary care children’s center from January 2011 to September 2022 were identified. Data was collected from the electronic medical record. Results A total of 10 patients were included. The cohort was predominantly male (80.0%, n = 8) with a median age of 1 day (IQR 1.0, 24.0). All ECMO cannulations were veno-arterial in the right common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. The median time on ECMO was 8.5 days (IQR 6.0, 15.0). One patient had the venous cannula exchanged for a tunneled hemodialysis catheter during decannulation, two were transitioned to peritoneal dialysis, and seven had the temporary hemodialysis catheter converted to a tunneled catheter by Interventional Radiology (when permanent access was required) at a median time of 10 days (IQR 8.0, 12.5). Of these 7 patients, 28.6% (n = 2) developed catheter-associated infection within 30 days of replacement, with one requiring catheter replacement. Transient bloodstream infection occurred in 10.0% (n = 1) within 30 days of ECMO cannula exchange. Conclusion Venous ECMO cannula exchange for a hemodialysis catheter in children requiring renal replacement therapy after decannulation is possible as a bridge to a permanent hemodialysis or peritoneal catheter if renal function does not recover, while supporting vein preservation.
The Upper Attachment of the Uncinate Process and Anterior Ethmoidal Artery
Authors: Yaprak Fulya , Coban Istemihan , Ozer Mehmet Asim , Eraslan Cenk , Govsa Figen 
Published: August 2023

Objective: Variations in the upper attachment of the uncinate process (UP) are important because they can affect frontal sinus drainage and change the morphology. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the primary technique used to treat chronic medically refractory rhinosinusitis. Uncinectomy is the basis of FESS technique to obtain the best possible result from surgery. The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) enters the nasal cavity through the orbital medial wall (lamina papyracea) may also be affected by the upper attachment of the UP. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible link between UP variations and the course of the AEA. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, computed tomography (CT)-based, anatomic study was conducted on 200 healthy adults (100 females and 100 males) by screening bilateral paranasal sinus images. The upper attachment of the UP was classified in 6 types (1-6) based on the Liu classification. The AEA was divided into 4 types (A-D) based on location: anterior to the frontal sinus (A), between the frontal sinus and the middle nasal turbinate (B), and anterior to the posterior ethmoidal cells (C and D). All the CT images were evaluated simultaneously by 2 anatomists and 1 radiologist. Results: Of the total cases (200 right and 200 left side), 48.8% were type 1 UP attachment, 11.0% type 2, 12% type 3, 9% type 4, 18% type 5, and 1.2% type 6. The AEAs were classified as 12.2% type A, 71.8% type B, 15.2% type C, and 0.8% type D. Conclusion: The course of the AEA through the nasal cavity was observed to shift anteriorly from the ethmoidal bulla to the frontal sinus in patients with UP attached to the lamina papyracea and middle turbinate. Remarkably, the AEA always coursed anterior from the middle nasal turbinate line.
Association between mental health workforce supply and clusters of high and low rates of youth suicide: An Australian study using suicide mortality data from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Hill NTM , Bouras H , Too LS , Perry Y , Lin A , Weiss D 
Published: August 2023

Objective: To examine the association between mental health workforce supply and spatial clusters of high versus low incidence of youth suicide. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of spatial suicide clusters in young Australians (aged 10–25) from 2016 to 2020 was conducted using the scan statistic and suicide data from the National Coronial Information System. Mental health workforce was extracted from the 2020 National Health Workforce Dataset by local government areas. The Geographic Index of Relative Supply was used to estimate low and moderate-to-high mental health workforce supply for clusters characterised by a high and low incidence of suicide (termed suicide hotspots and coldspots, respectively). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between suicide clusters and a range of sociodemographic characteristics including mental health workforce supply. Results: Eight suicide hotspots and two suicide coldspots were identified. The multivariate analysis showed low mental health workforce supply was associated with increased odds of being involved in a suicide hotspot (adjusted odds ratio = 8.29; 95% confidence interval = 5.20–13.60), followed by residential remoteness (adjusted odds ratio = 2.85; 95% confidence interval = 1.68–4.89), and illicit drug consumption (adjusted odds ratio = 1.97; 1.24–3.11). Both coldspot clusters occurred in areas with moderate-to-high mental health workforce supply. Conclusion: Findings highlight the potential risk and protective roles that mental health workforce supply may play in the spatial distributions of youth suicide clusters. These findings have important implications for the provision of postvention and the prevention of suicide clusters.
Recent Advances in the Use of the Mortality Syndromic Surveillance System—New York City, 2015-2020
Authors: Castro Alejandro F. , Li Wenhui , Bernard-Davila Blanca , Huynh Mary , Van Wye Gretchen 
Published: August 2023

Objective: New York City’s automated mortality syndromic surveillance system monitors temporal and spatial patterns in mortality. To describe the use of the syndromic surveillance system, we used the system to find mortality patterns for the 15 leading causes of death and for deaths from rare and reportable diseases in New York City from February 2015 through June 2020. We used results to find aberrations that indicate threats to public health. Methods: We used unobserved components models to analyze time series of mortality counts for leading causes of death, historical limits methods for rare and reportable diseases, and SaTScan for temporal–spatial cluster analysis. We obtained data on the number of deaths from the electronic death registry system maintained by the city’s Bureau of Vital Statistics. Results: The mortality syndromic surveillance system detected an increase in the number of deaths from heart disease by April 1, 2020, when 75.0 deaths occurred on March 24, 2020, instead of an expected 45.8 deaths (95% upper prediction limit of 61.0) and an increase in the number of deaths from all causes on March 20, 2020, when 194.0 deaths were observed while 150.1 deaths were expected (95% upper prediction limit of 178.0). The number of deaths from all causes returned to normal the week beginning June 14, 2020, when 990.0 deaths were observed and 998.8 deaths were expected. Practice Implications: When compared with efforts from New York City to provide yearly vital statistics, the automated mortality syndromic surveillance system can provide timely mortality data with fewer resources and raise the capacity to detect anomalous increases in mortality.
Religious involvement and psychological well-being in the Middle East
Authors: Koenig Harold G , Al Shohaib Saad 
Published: August 2023

Objective There is growing evidence that religious involvement is associated with better mental health in Christian Western countries. Whether the same is true in Middle Eastern countries whose populations are largely Muslim is less clear. The present study examined the association between religiosity and psychological well-being in the Middle East. Methods This cross-sectional study involved nationally representative samples of adults aged 18 or older in Egypt (n = 3496), Tunisia (n = 3070), and Turkey (n = 3019) (Wave 1 of Middle Eastern Values Panel Study). Data on psychological well-being (life satisfaction, happiness, and optimism) were available on 8835-8886 participants. Bivariate analyses and multivariate analyses were conducted, controlling for age, gender, education, employment status, marital status, financial satisfaction, economic class, country, and Muslim religious affiliation. Interactions with gender were also examined. Results Most participants (95%) reported a Muslim affiliation. Bivariate analyses indicated a positive association between overall religiosity (the primary predictor) and life satisfaction (r = .12), happiness (r = .13) and optimism (r = .19) ( P < .0001). Multivariate analyses indicated a significant relationship between overall religiosity and life satisfaction (B = .046, SE = .005), happiness (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.02-1.04), and optimism (B = .054, SE = .005). A significant interaction between gender and religiosity was found for life satisfaction (B = -.025, SE = .009, P = .007), such that the association was stronger in males than in females. For happiness and optimism, trends were in the same direction. Conclusions Small but significant associations between overall religiosity (beliefs and practices) and psychological well-being were found in this largely Muslim Middle Eastern sample. Prospective studies are needed to determine the causal direction of these relationships.
Re-Dosing del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: Perfusion characteristics and outcomes--Is there an optimal redosing strategy?
Authors: Kossar Alexander P , Nemeth Samantha , Kosuri Yaagnik D , Kazzi Brigitte E , Honzel Emily , D’Angelo Alex , Spellman Jessica , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Bapat Vinayak , Argenziano Michael , Beck James , Smith Craig R , Kurlansky Paul , George Isaac 
Published: August 2023

Objectives del Nido cardioplegia is utilized for myocardial protection in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery; however, no standardized re-dosing protocol exists. We describe perfusion characteristics and clinical outcomes in adult cardiac surgery patients who were re-dosed with del Nido cardioplegia. Methods Chart review was performed for adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery (specific inclusion/exclusion criteria below) who received exactly two doses of del Nido cardioplegia from 2012 to 2019; n = 542 patients. The main outcome was a composite endpoint comprised of operative mortality, myocardial infarction, post-operative cardiac support device (CSD), and postoperative decrease in ejection fraction (EF), which was analyzed via multivariable logistic regression (MVLR). A secondary analysis evaluated postoperative vasoactive-inotropic scores (VIS) via gamma log link regression (GLLR) as a more physiologic indication of myocardial recovery. Results MVLR demonstrated that increased total cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time was associated with a positive composite outcome ( p < .001), whereas time between doses ( p = .237) and the volume of each dose was not ( p = .626). GLLR also demonstrated that prolonged CBP, decreased EF, congestive heart failure at time of surgery, and low hematocrit at the start of the surgery were all associated with higher VIS. Conclusions In this retrospective study, variations in re-dosing strategy for del Nido cardioplegia do not affect postoperative outcomes and increased CPB time is associated with increased operative mortality, myocardial infarction, need for post-operative CSDs, and reduced postoperative EF, and increased VIS, irrespective of the re-dosing strategy. Further studies are warranted to to identify additional patient and operative characteristics that predispose to complications.