bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Securitizing the Unseen: Behind Trump’s Reliance on Mexico in Combating Irregular Immigration
Authors: Sitompul Eiga , Cipto Bambang 
Published: August 2023

This research aims to analyze the reasons behind Trump’s decision to pressure Mexico to combat irregular immigration. Trump’s administration showed an exceptional commitment to immigration control and dramatically re-oriented the immigration control mechanism in the United States (US). Despite unprecedented amounts of changes in the US internal immigration system under Trump, his presidency relied on Mexico for his securitization cause. Due to massive migration activities along the US-Mexico border, Trump forced Mexican authorities to cooperate with US institutions to reduce and filter migrant flows coming to the US. Nonetheless, existing literature regarding US immigration did not explain the reason behind Trump’s reliance on Mexican authorities and its cooperation system; thus this article aims to fill the gap. This research applies the migration securitization framework in evaluating the US immigration system prior to the 2019 US-Mexico joint statement on immigration. Using Bourbeau’s migration securitization framework, the research found that Trump’s immigration policy faced barriers due to interference from the opposition party. This research concluded that the US federal system and political climate confined Trump’s immigration enforcement efforts, thus pushing the administration to burden Mexican authorities with its enforcement efforts.
Keywords: irregular immigration, Mexico, migration securitization, Trump, US.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keputusan presiden Trump dalam menekan Meksiko untuk memerangi imigran gelap. Pemerintahan Trump menunjukkan komitmen luar biasa dalam mengontrol sistem imigrasi di Amerika Serikat (AS), mengorientasikan mekanisme imigrasi internal secara dramatis. Namun, terlepas dari perubahan besar dalam mekanisme imigrasi dibawah pemerintahan Trump, presiden Trump bergantung terhadap pemerintah Meksiko dalam mengimplementasikan agenda sekuritisasinya. Karena aktivitas migrasi besar-besaran di sepanjang perbatasan AS-Meksiko, Trump memaksa otoritas Meksiko untuk bekerja sama dalam menyaring arus migran yang datang ke AS. Studi-studi sebelumnya tidak menjelaskan alasan dibalik ketergantungan Trump pada otoritas Meksiko, sehingga artikel ini bertujuan mengisi kekosongan tersebut. Penelitian ini menerapkan kerangka sekuritisasi imigrasi dalam mengevaluasi sistem imigrasi AS sebelum pernyataan bilateral AS-Meksiko tahun 2019 tentang imigrasi. Menggunakan kerangka Sekuritisasi Bourbeau, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan imigrasi Trump terhambat oleh campur tangan partai oposisi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem federal dan iklim politik di AS membatasi upaya penegakan imigrasi Trump, sehingga mendorong pemerintahan untuk membebani pemerintah Meksiko dengan upaya penegakannya.
Kata-kata Kunci: Amerika Serikat, imigrasi ilegal, Meksiko, sekuritisasi imigrasi, Trump
Defining Islamic Transnationalism: A Case Study of Indonesia’s Nahdlatul Ulama
Authors: Afkar Vyan Tashwirul , Sundrijo Dwi Ardhanariswari 
Published: August 2023

This article examines Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a transnational actor in international relations and comprehends its behavior based on the dimensions of Transnational Islam. NU is well recognized as an Indonesian national religious civil society organization and presented itself as the antithesis of Transnational Islam in the country. Meanwhile, NU conducts many cross-border activities, has members all over the world, and has offices based in various countries, enough to make it be perceived as a Transnational Islamic organization. This article examines why NU is a Transnational Islamic organization using Bowen's three dimensions of Transnational Islam: demographic movements, transnational religious institutions, and Islamic references and debates. This research applies qualitative descriptive methods from literary works. This research concludes that NU is a Transnational Islamic organization as it fits all three of Bowen's dimensions. NU's transnational dimensions are found at various but interconnected categories, specifically cultural, structural, and ideational levels.
Keywords: Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia, Islam, Islamic Transnationalism, Transnationalism

Artikel ini menguji status Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) sebagai aktor transnasional di dalam hubungan internasional dan menjabarkan perilakunya berdasarkan dimensi Islam transnasional. NU telah dikenal sebagai organisasi keagamaan Islam di Indonesia dan menampilkan diri sebagai antitesis gerakan-gerakan Islam transnasional di dalam negeri. Sementara itu, NU sendiri melakukan banyak kegiatan lintas batas negara, memiliki keanggotaan dari berbagai belahan dunia, dan memiliki kepengurusan internasional, sehingga dianggap cukup untuk menyebut NU sebagai organisasi Islam transnasional. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa NU adalah organisasi Islam transnasional berdasarkan tiga dimensi yang dikemukakan Bowen: demographic movements, transnational religious institutions, dan Islamic reference and debates. Artikel ini disusun dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui penelusuran pustaka. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa NU adalah organisasi Islam transnasional karena sesuai dengan ketiga dimensi Bowen. Adapun dimensi transnasionalitas NU berada di tiga level berbeda yang saling berkaitan, yaitu di level kultural, struktural, dan ideasional.
Kata-kata kunci: Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia, Islam, Islam Transnational, Transnationalisme
How Does Language and Culture Form One Unique National Identity? A Case Study of Renaming the South China Sea to North Natuna Sea in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Since 2016
Authors: Putra Rhevy Adriade 
Published: August 2023

This article discusses the use of language and historical legacy in forming one national identity, which is thus used as a political stand of foreign policy. The primary analysis of this article uses the concept of “imagined communities,” which distinguishes one’s perception of themselves toward others. The methodology of “nationalizing the past” was adopted to amplify a more substantial justification toward what has been believed to be one’s belonging. The shift in Indonesia’s foreign policy toward the South China Sea disputes, reflected in renaming the northern side of Indonesia’s Natuna Islands as the North Natuna Sea, was selected as a case study. This article argues that language serves not only as a means to define national identity but also as a vital tool in safeguarding the national assets inherited across generations that are an integral part of their identity.
Keywords: language, imagined communities, South China Sea, territorial conflict, Indonesia, foreign policy, North Natuna Sea

Artikel ini membahas penggunaan bahasa dan warisan sejarah dalam membentuk sebuah identitas nasional yang kemudian digunakan sebagai sikap politik terhadap kebijakan luar negeri. Analisis utama artikel ini ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep 'komunitas yang dibayangkan’ (imagined communities), yang membedakan persepsi sebuah kelompok atas dirinya terhadap yang lain. Metodologi 'menasionalisasi masa lalu’ (nationalising the past) lantas digunakan untuk memperkuat pembenaran terhadap apa yang diyakini sebagai milik sebuah negara. Pergeseran kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dengan menamai sisi utara Kepulauan Natuna sebagai Laut Natuna Utara diambil sebagai studi kasus. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa bahasa tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai cara untuk mendefinisikan identitas nasional, tetapi juga sebagai alat penting untuk mempertahankan aset-aset nasional yang diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi sebagai bagian penting dari identitas.
Kata-kata kunci: bahasa, imagined communities, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, konflik teritorial, Indonesia, kebijakan luar negeri, Laut Natuna Utara
Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the earliest deltaic shorelines of the Paleocene Lower Wilcox Group in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Olariu Mariana I. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT
Large-scale growth of shelf-to-slope margins is well documented in regional 2-D seismic data, but it is only rarely linked to sedimentological processes and detailed stratigraphic architecture at smaller scales. This study documents the building of a shelf-to-slope margin topset through successive shoreline regressions and transgressions by using data from 824 wells, 80 m of core from 4 wells, and 3750 km3 of seismic data with a focus on the complexities of shoreline behavior during repeated cross-shelf transits. Our combined data set allows understanding of the variability of depositional processes on the shelf at the scale of individual regressive–transgressive cycles (less than 105 years), and shows that the paleogeography of the Wilcox Group in the northern Gulf of Mexico is more diverse than commonly depicted. At a fourth-order scale dominant processes (river, wave, and tide) control shoreline morphology and as a result are critical to understanding sandstone body distribution on the shelf and sediment delivery to the shelf margin and deep water. The earliest deltas of the Lower Wilcox prograded southward under conditions of rising relative sea level across a 50-km-wide shelf, but the sandstone rich deltas remained 10–20 km updip from the shelf edge, and the shelf margin grew through accretion of mud-rich clinothems. The plan-view morphology and internal architecture reflect depositional systems with wave-influenced and tide-modified deltas on the inner and mid shelf, and river flood and wave-reworked hyperpycnite deposits on the outer shelf. An abundance of normal and inverse graded beds, alternation of massive to flat to undulating lamination, and low intensities of bioturbation observed in cores indicate that the shelf sandstone bodies were deposited from hyperpycnal flows.
Overall the study shows that the deltaic depositional systems of the Lower Wilcox Group in Texas have a greater architectural complexity and process variability than previously interpreted. Wave-modified hyperpycnites were identified for the first time in the Wilcox and are considered to form a significant component of the muddy shelf succession. The hyperpycnite lobes are located laterally from the deltaic supply fairway in more distal positions than previous studies identified on the shelf. This along-shore redistribution of sediment suggests that it takes more time for deltas to reach the shelf edge than is inferred for many shelf-to-slope margins, and there is likely to be correspondingly less delivery of sediment to deep water.
The Role of Cyanobacteria In the Microfabric Heterogeneity of Cambrian Leiolite, North China
Authors: Mei Mingxiang , Riaz Muhammad , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah , Liu Ziliang , Ahmed Mohamed S. , Fathy Douaa 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTBased on their mesostructures, carbonate microbialites are divided into four major groups: laminated stromatolite, clotted thrombolites, structureless leiolites, and dendritic dendrolite. Among the various types of microbialites, leiolites, also known as “cryptomicrobial deposits,” are uncommon in the stratigraphic records. This is exacerbated by leiolites relatively structureless and aphanitic structure, making their identification and characterization more challenging. Previous studies have revealed that leiolites have contrasting fabrics at different scale, heterogeneous microscopic fabrics and structureless mesoscopic to macroscopic fabrics. While it is widely assumed that cyanobacteria play a significant role in the formation of carbonate microbialites in marine environments, the origin and controlling mechanisms of variations in leiolites microstructures and macrostructures remain enigmatic. In the central part of the North China Platform, two excellent exposures of massive, structureless Cambrian bioherms (Furongian) dominated by leiolites were observed (Qijayu section). The Qijayu-section leiolites offer a unique opportunity to investigate the role of cyanobacterial input in governing the formation and textural heterogeneities of such microbialites. In addition, the significance of the Furongian leiolites stems from their association with a period of global development of microbial-dominated carbonate platforms. Our findings suggest that these Furongian leiolites developed during the forced-regressive systems tract. At the microscopic level, these Furongian leiolites exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity which is controlled by the presence of various types of cyanobacteria (Hedstroemia, Subtifioria, Girvanella), sponge mummy, and benthic ooids. The Hedstroemia, Subtifioria and Girvanella excreted extracellular polymeric substances that form multiple biofilms in cyanobacterial microbial mats where Furongian leiolites grew. The role of cyanobacteria in the microscale heterogeneity of Cambrian leiolites is evident, and this provides new insights into the development of microbial-dominated carbonate platforms in similar settings elsewhere. As a result, this study provides not only a reference example for global correlation but also some solid clues for further understanding the growth style of leiolites in the geologic record.
Study Examines Ability of Macroalga To Produce Green Hydrogen
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 210809, “Pyrolysis of Macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera for Production of Green Carbon-Negative Hydrogen,” by Carolina A. Gallego, Shashank S. Nagaraja, and Mani Sarathy, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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The macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera is a giant brown seaweed characterized by its fast growth rate and photosynthetic metabolism that generates carbon sources from atmospheric CO2. This alga is a potential biomass to be applied in bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which enables carbon-negative biofuels to avoid greenhouse emissions from biomass processing and use. The study described in the complete paper is related to the thermal conversion of this alga and serves as an opening to the study of the thermal conversion of biomass commonly found in desertic or semidesertic climates.

BECCS and M. pyrifera
The relevance of BECCS and carbon-negative fuels is in the ability of plants and algae to capture atmospheric CO2 and simultaneously be a source of carbon. Second-generation biofuels—fuels derived from nonedible terrestrial crops or waste such as miscanthus, wheat straw, or paper waste—are a promising alternative. The disadvantages of their generation, however, include the high cost of related technologies and the risk of compromising food security in some areas because of the amount of land devoted to energy crops.
Algae are classified as microalgae or macroalgae (also called seaweed). The harvesting methods of macroalgae are less energy-intensive and expensive than the methods used for microalgae.
M. pyrifera, a brown macroalgae, presented several advantages because of its large size (12–22 m long), fast growth rate (7–30 cm/day), its high gas yield, and its potential sustainable cultivation. Its cultivation, however, currently takes place only in Pacific Rim countries. Thus, this alga must be imported in dry form to the Middle East. With thermal conversion methods a suboptimal choice for dry M. pyrifera, a conventional method for the thermal conversion of the algae and production of hydrogen as pyrolysis was applied.
Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process for decomposition of biomass in absence of oxygen to produce oil, char, and gases; it is detailed in the complete paper. The carbon-capture process involves technologies that separate the CO2 from the products of reaction. In this way, greenhouse emissions can be reduced through the storage of captured CO2. When high quantities of CO2 compose the products of thermal conversion, the most-efficient applicable technology is physical absorption by Selexol or Rectisol.
Multidisciplinary Integrated Approach Unlocks Fracture-Characterization Ambiguity
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: August 2023

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 213771, “Unlocking Fracture-Characterization Ambiguity: A Multidisciplinary Integrated Approach,” by Ali Abughneej, Mohamed Al-Naqeeb, and Mohammed Al-Ostath, SPE, Kuwait Oil Company, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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Fracture systems play a significant role in production in the case of tight, low-porosity complex reservoirs. An exploration well in North Kuwait that targeted the Middle Marrat formation encountered uncertainty regarding reservoir compartments in an underexplored field, with minimal offset wells to properly evaluate its potential. A multidomain approach is proposed leveraging different types of expertise to tackle the petrophysical and geomechanical aspects of the fracture system governing the carbonate layer and assess its producibility and qualification for stimulation through hydraulic fracturing.

Introduction
A comprehensive study was performed on Well A targeting the Marrat formation, a tight, low-permeability carbonate Jurassic reservoir. During the last two decades, the operator has drilled many vertical and deviated wells through this formation. Hydrocarbon production from the closely spaced wells shows a major variation in flow rates, which has been attributed to the presence of uncharacterized fracture clusters as well as the limited understanding of reservoir compartmentalization.
To address the challenges of production discrepancy, an innovative multidomain approach was proposed as an integrated solution in an attempt to understand the fracture systems governing the reservoir setting and its compartments and further assess their connectivity and extent to form a perspective on their possible contribution or hindrance to flow.
An end-to-end comprehensive work flow was created combining the results of advanced formation evaluation, high-resolution borehole imaging, and state-of-the-art sonic imaging [the 3D far-field sonic (3DFFS) approach], followed by a fracture-stability analysis for the purposes of completion optimization and potential future hydraulic fracture design.

Geological Setting
Middle Marrat is targeted as the hydrocarbon-bearing zone, consisting of dolomitized oolitic grainstone to packstone facies, reflecting the high-energy inner-midramp shoal depositional environment.
Review of Deep Learning Techniques for Neurological Disorders Detection
Authors: Tripathi Akhilesh Kumar , Ahmed Rafeeq , Tiwari Arvind kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Neurological disease is one of the most common types of dementia that predominantly concerns the elderly. In clinical approaches, identifying its premature stages is complicated, and no biomarker is comprehended to be thorough in witnessing neurological disorders in their earlier stages. Deep learning approaches have attracted much attention in the scientific community using scanned images. They differ from simple machine learning (ML) algorithms in that they study the most favourable depiction of untreated images. Deep learning has been found to be helpful in neuroimaging analysis of neurological diseases with subtle and dispersed changes because it can discover abstract and complicated patterns. The current study discusses a vital part of deep learning and looks at past work that has been used to switch between different ML algorithms that can predict neurological diseases. Convolution Neural Network (CNN), Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), Recurrent neural Network (RNN), Deep Belief Network (DBN), Auto Encoder (AE), and other algorithms for Alzheimer’s illness prediction have been considered. Many publications on preprocessing methods, such as scaling, correction, stripping, and normalizing, have been evaluated.
The Mechanical Properties of the Spinal Cord: A Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Stanners Megan , O’Riordan Marguerite , Hartley Laura , Theodosiou Eirini , Souppez Jean-Baptiste , Gardner Adrian 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Spinal cord compression is a source of pathology seen in routine clinical practice. However, there remains a number of unanswered questions around both the understanding of the pathogenesis and the best method of treatment of the condition. This is partly due to the issues of the real life testing around the physical properties of the spinal cord, either through the use of cadaveric human specimens or thought animal testing, both of which have methodological, as well as ethical, issues.
Methods
This paper details a protocol for a systematic review of the literature of all the previous descriptions of physical models of the spinal cord. We will conduct a literature search of a number of electronic databases, along with the grey literature, as a single stage search. All literature will be screened for appropriate studies which will then be reviewed fully to extract relevant information on the methodology and mechanics of the reported testing along with the results. Two reviewers will separately screen the citations and abstract the data, with comparison of results to ensure concordance. Conflicts, will be resolved through discussion and arbitration via an independent arbitrator. The methodological quality of the studies will be assessed within the ARRIVE guidelines using the CAMARADES framework and SYRCLE risk of bias tool. A narrative synthesis will be created with the appropriate tables to describe the demographics and findings of the included studies.
Discussion
The future systematic review will form the basis of a full understanding of the current literature around the physical properties of the spinal cord. This will allow future work to develop a physical model of the spinal cord, which is applicable to the living human, for analysis and testing in a controlled and repeatable fashion. Such a model would be the basis for further clinical research to improve outcomes from this condition.
Systematic review registration: Prospero registration number: CRD42022361933
Determining Transmission of the Early Flowering Response from Transgenic Carrizo Citrange Rootstock in Grafted Juvenile Scions
Authors: Aljasim Kawther S. , Dutt Manjul , Grosser Jude W. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

The juvenile period in citrus generally requires 5-12 years to achieve flowering and fruit set. The Flowering locus T protein plays a significant role in controlling the flowering, and mobility throughout the plant. We had previously produced several transgenic Carrizo citrange rootstock lines that overexpress the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, resulting in accelerated flowering and fruiting within 18 months. To determine if the early flowering trait was transmittable through a graft union to juvenile scions, four transgenic Carrizo rootstock lines previously validated to contain the introduced FT3 gene were tested for their ability to transmit the early flowering trait to selected juvenile scions from the Citrus Research and Education Center breeding program. The selected juvenile scions were grafted on the transgenic Carrizo. Most of the juvenile scions then quickly flowered. This suggests a successful movement of the FT protein through the graft union into the juvenile scions, initiating early flowering. However, after the initial bloom, sustained flowering in the grafted scions was not observed, although it continued in the ungrafted transgenic Carrizo rootstocks. The FT mRNA and FT protein were isolated from the juvenile scions and grafted onto the transgenic Carrizo lines, then the flowers and the fruits produced were evaluated in the juvenile scions.