bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Handling of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Capitalist and Socialist Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kusuma Agus Perry , Isworo Slamet 
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective: The world was divided into two major ideologies of power, involving countries of socialist and democratic capitalism, which presented different ways of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Each major power claims to be the best informed and resolute in handling the pandemic. In this sense, this study aims to analyze the success factors in coping with the pandemic in countries with capitalist and socialist government regimes.
Methods: This study uses a systematic review of the literature, using the PICO strategy for the construction of the research question, the bibliographic search and the best available scientific information in the systematization.
Results: Summarize the main results described in Table 2, indicating how many articles presented better and worse results in socialist and capitalist countries.
Conclusion: Socialist countries, despite acting in a repressive and authoritarian way, had better results in facing the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to capitalist countries. Care is needed when interpreting these results, due to the risk of manipulation of information adopted in socialist countries, due to the control of the media and government bodies.
Morphological Variation of Antheraea assamensis Helfer upon Semi-domestication: A Study on Rearing, Disease Incidence and Seed Production Performance
Authors: Sarkar B. N. , Singh Abhishek , Guha L. , Majumdar M. , Hridya H. 
Published: March 2023

Muga silkworm is multivoltine and primarily feeds on two primary food plants Som (Persea bombycina King. syn. Machilus bombycina) and Soalu (Litsea polyantha Kost. syn. Litsea monopetala). Muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis (n=15) is a semi-domesticated silk moth mentioned in literature as early 1662 BC. In its annual life cycle there are six crops of cultivated muga silk worm whose nomenclature is based on the local Assamese names of month. By virtue of the narrow ecological distribution of host food plant Antheraea assamensis is confined to only Assam and North East state of India. Empirical observations show that the population is declining due to depletion of natural habitat and lack of genetic variability among population. The wild muga silkworm which is tri or tetra voltine in nature is also found nearby forest area of human habitat in different host plant in N E state of India. A stock of wild muga silkworm collected from the nearby area of Nongpoh and Mendipathar Meghalaya. reared and maintained in muga farm and grainage activities of both wild and cultivated muga were conducted for comparative study. Details of morphology, economic characters and disease occurrence of wild and cultivated muga was studied for future improvement and breed development and also for future strategy of muga silkworm. The morphology of wild muga silkworm are little variant than cultivated muga and economic characters i.e. fecundity of wild muga was recorded 220 - 227 nos. in against the fecundity of cultivated muga observed 120-170 nos. and one gram total numbers of egg contain 120 -135 nos in wild muga in against 134 -145 nos.in cultivated muga. Average cocoon weight wild muga cocoon is ♂= 5.80 g & ♀= 6.60 g in against average cocoon weight ♂= 5.10 g & ♀= 5.54 g in cultivated muga silkworm. Average shell weight ♂= 0.51 g & ♀= 0.60 g in wild muga silkworm and average shell weight ♂= 0.43 g & ♀= 0.51 g in cultivated muga silkworm were recorded. Study revealed that the fecundity, weight of eggs, cocoon weight and shell weight are higher in wild muga silkworm than cultivated muga silkworm. Thereafter it is found that only protozoon disease was reported in wild muga silkworm and other disease i.e. Flacherie, Grasserie, Muscardine was not reported in wild muga silkworm. The mono race muga have no high yielding breed or hybrid and hence breeding programme between wild and cultivated muga may be carried out to get more heterosis, vigourity and yield enhancement.
Acute Toxicity and In vivo Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Aqueous Extracts from Phyllanthus odontadenius Müll. Arg.
Authors: Nakweti Rufin Kikakedimau , Mwangu-Kabi Oscar Nsendo , Muganza Désiré Musuyu , Kanyanga Richard Cimanga , Ndiku Sébastien Luyindula 
Published: March 2023

Aims: Phyllanthus odontadenius is one of medicinal plants from Phyllanthus genus traditionally used for treatment of a good number diseases including malaria. As indeed for any other drug, P. odontadenius could present risks of intoxication for users. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity and acute toxicity in vivo of P. odontadenius using rats and mices.
Study Design: P. odontadenius plants harvested and dried, plant powders preparation by lyophilization and aqueous extracts preparation, weighed animals (mice’s and rats) and drug administration or not for control by gavages’; Monitoring in cages after 7 or 8 days. Animal Sacrifice and Blood draw; dosage of biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT and PAL).
Place and Duration of Study: Division of Life Sciences, General Atomic Energy Commission, Regional Nuclear Studies Center of Kinshasa, P.O. Box. 868 Kinshasa XI (DRC). MPI and pharmacognosy laboratories in the National Biochemical Research Institute (INRB). The experiments were conducted from from October 19, 2021 to January 21, 2022.
Methodology: The aqueous extracts from the aerial parts of P. odontadenius harvested in three different sites (Cécomaf/Kinshasa, Kasangulu/Kongo Central and Pont-Kwango/Kwango) were administered respectively to the test mice (2,500 mg/kg of body weight in one dose) and to the test rats (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight each day) after poisoning with lead acetate (50 mg/kg body weight. And distilled water administered to control mice and rats (10 ml/kg body weight). The effects of these extracts on body and organ weights and on biochemical parameters (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT and PAL) were analyzed.
Results: Regarding acute toxicity, the administration of a single dose of 2500 mg/Kg to mice had no significant effects on body weight as well as on biochemical parameters in mice. The weights of organs like the heart and kidneys were affected in comparison with the mice to the control. Regarding the antioxidant activity in vivo, the toxicity effects induced by lead acetate were not visible thanks to the treatment with the aqueous extracts of P. odontadenius, which would justify the presence of the phenolic compounds at the base of the reduction of effects could be caused by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) lead induced.
Conclusion: At the end of this work, it appears that the single dose administration of the 2500 mg/kg does not cause significant signs of toxicity in mice. Treatment of rats with P. odontadenius aqueous extracts (250 and 500 mg/kg) after their poisoning reduced the toxic effects due to free radicals caused by lead acetate.
Food Insecurity and Cognitive Trajectories in Community-Dwelling Medicare Beneficiaries 65 Years and Older
Authors: Kim Boeun , Samuel Laura J. , Thorpe Roland J. , Crews Deidra C. , Szanton Sarah L. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceFood insecurity has a known association with prevalent impaired cognition. However, it is unknown whether food insecurity has a longitudinal association with cognitive decline among older adults.ObjectiveTo determine whether food insecurity is associated with a faster decline in cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used data from a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older recruited for the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS). Community-dwelling NHATS participants were followed up for a maximum of 7 years (mean [SD] follow-up duration, 5.4 [1.1] years). Data were collected from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020, and analyzed from December 23, 2021, to December 6, 2022.ExposuresSelf-reported food insecurity assessed from 2012 to 2019.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were immediate memory, delayed memory, and executive function collected from 2013 to 2020. Immediate and delayed recall were assessed by a 10-item word-list memory task (range, 0-10, with higher scores indicating more words recalled). Executive function was measured by the clock drawing test (range, 0-5, with higher scores indicating more accurate depiction of a clock). Each year’s cognitive functions were linked to the prior year’s food insecurity data. Linear mixed-effects models with random slopes and intercepts were used to examine the association between food insecurity and cognitive decline. Analytic weights in each year were applied to represent community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older in 2011.ResultsOf 3037 participants, a weighted 57.8% (raw count, 1345) were younger than 75 years, 56.2% (raw count, 1777) were women, and most (84.9% [raw count, 2268]) were White. Over 7 years, 417 (weighted proportion, 12.1%) experienced food insecurity at least once. Food insecurity was associated with a faster decline in executive function in a fully adjusted model: the mean difference of annual change in executive function score between people exposed to and not exposed to food insecurity was −0.04 (95% CI, −0.09 to −0.003) points. However, food insecurity was not associated with changes in immediate and delayed memory (0.01 [95% CI, −0.05 to 0.08] and −0.01 [95% CI, −0.08 to 0.06], respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceAmong community-dwelling older adults, food insecurity was prevalent and associated with a decline in executive function. Interventions and policies aiming to increase healthy food access or reduce food insecurity should be assessed for their impact on older adults’ cognitive outcome.
Quantized event‐triggered adaptive control for switched nonlinear systems with vanishing control gains
Authors: Wang Fenglan , Long Lijun 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThis article studies the quantized event‐triggered adaptive tracking control problem for a type of switched nonlinear systems with parameter uncertainties, where the corresponding control problem for each subsystem can be unsolvable owing to vanishing control gains at some points. A constructive design scheme is established by triple design of quantized event‐triggered adaptive controller of each subsystem and a switching dynamic event‐triggering mechanism dependent on quantization and a hysteresis‐type state‐dependent switching law. The developed scheme handles not only the asynchronous switching between candidate event‐triggered adaptive controllers and subsystems, but also the asynchronous switching between candidate quantizers and subsystems. Both the switching law and the event‐triggering mechanism do not cause Zeno behavior. As a special case, a sufficient condition to address the quantized event‐triggered adaptive control problem for the switched nonlinear systems is also derived under dwell‐time switching. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed schemes are verified by a numerical example and a networked one‐link manipulator with motor dynamics.
Modulating In‐Plane Defective Density of Carbon Nanotubes by Graphitic Carbon Nitride Quantum Dots for Enhanced Triiodide Reduction
Authors: Hou Siyi , Yu Chang , Song Xuedan , Ding Yiwang , Chang Jiangwei , Liu Yingbin , Chen Lin , Wei Qianbing , Zhang Xiubo , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe catalytic performance of carbon nanotubes has still been hindered by the intrinsic and limited in‐plane electrocatalytic active sites, with a focus on improving their catalytic activity by covalent modifications, which require the relatively high energy input to dissociate the in‐plane atoms and create the active sites. Herein, an effective route is developed to modulate the in‐plane defective density and electronic structure of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by ultra‐small‐sized g‐C3N4 quantum dots (CNQDs) with abundant nitrogen species via π–π stacking. The non‐covalent bonded CNQDs on MWCNTs endow them with abundant catalytic active sites on the basal plane, still inheriting the intrinsic and fast electron‐transfer characteristics of MWCNTs. The optimized CNQDs/MWCNTs‐4 heterogeneous catalyst exhibits an optimal photoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 8.30% in probing reaction for triiodide reduction, outperforming the Pt reference (7.86%). The thermodynamic calculations further reveal that the CNQDs integrated on MWCNTs are capable of reducing the reaction energy barrier (ΔG) of the rate‐determining step from I2 to I− and adsorption state I*. The present study provides an efficient and non‐covalent strategy to construct excellent carbon‐based catalysts with abundant active sites, which is also enlightening for the preparation and application of other carbon‐based catalysts.
FeN4OC Nanoplates Covalently Bonding on Graphene for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction and ZnCO2 Batteries
Authors: Chen Shan , Chen Jialei , Li Youzeng , Tan Sha , Liao Xuelong , Zhao Tete , Zhang Kai , Hu Enyuan , Cheng Fangyi , Wang Huan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElectrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction into value‐added products holds great promise in moving toward carbon neutrality but remains a grand challenge due to lack of efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, the nucleophilic substitution reaction is elaborately harnessed to synthesize carbon nanoplates with a FeN4O configuration anchored onto graphene substrate (FeN4OC/Gr) through covalent linkages. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate the unique configuration of FeN4O with one oxygen (O) atom in the axial direction not only suppresses the competing hydrogen evolution reaction, but also facilitates the desorption of *CO intermediate compared with the commonly planar single‐atomic Fe sites. The FeN4OC/Gr shows excellent performance in the electroreduction of CO2 into carbon monoxide (CO) with an impressive Faradaic efficiency of 98.3% at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a high turnover frequency of 3511 h−1. Furthermore, as a cathode catalyst in an aqueous zinc (Zn)‐CO2 battery, the FeN4OC/Gr achieves a high CO Faradaic efficiency (≈91%) at a discharge current density of 3 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability over 74 h. This work opens up a new route to simultaneously modulate the geometric and electronic structure of single‐atomic catalysts toward efficient CO2 conversion.
Condition‐Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Imidazoindolone Spiroisoquinolinones fromN‐Alkoxycarboxamide Indoles and Diazo Homophthalimides
Authors: Wang Manqing , Zhou Qianting , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPresented herein is a condition‐controlled divergent synthesis of imidazoindolone spiro‐isoquinolinones (IISIQs) via the cascade reactions ofN‐alkoxycarboxamide indoles with diazo homophthalimides. When the reaction is carried out under air and in the absence of an acid additive, IISIQ tethered with aN‐alkoxy moiety (IISIQ‐OR) is formed through Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H/N−H metalation, carbene formation/ migratory insertion followed by reductive elimination, in which air acts as an oxidant to regenerate the Rh(III) catalyst. When the reaction is run under argon and in the presence of MesCO2H, on the other hand, IISIQ−H is formed through rhodacycle intermediate formation, carbene insertion followed by acid‐assisted intramolecular substitution/annulation and N−O bond cleavge. In general, this method provides a divergent approach toward spiroheterocyclic scaffolds and features accessible substrates, functional group compatibility and air as an external oxidant. Moreover, the value of this developed protocol is further showcased by gram‐scale synthesis and structural transformation of products.magnified image
Ultrasound Neuromodulation as a New Brain Therapy
Authors: Beisteiner Roland , Hallett Mark , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWithin the last decade, ultrasound has been “rediscovered” as a technique for brain therapies. Modern technologies allow focusing ultrasound through the human skull for highly focal tissue ablation, clinical neuromodulatory brain stimulation, and targeted focal blood‐brain‐barrier opening. This article gives an overview on the state‐of‐the‐art of the most recent application: ultrasound neuromodulation as a new brain therapy. Although research centers have existed for decades, the first treatment centers were not established until 2020, and clinical applications are spreading rapidly.
A Sleep‐Specific Midbrain Target for Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Yi Tingting , Wang Na , Huang Jing , Wang Yaling , Ren Shuancheng , Hu Yiwen , Xia Jianxia , Liao Yixiang , Li Xin , Luo Fenlan , Ouyang Qin , Li Yu , Zheng Ziyi , Xiao Qin , Ren Rong , Yao Zhongxiang , Tang Xiangdong , Wang Yanjiang , Chen Xiaowei , He Chao , Li Hong , Hu Zhian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSevoflurane has been the most widely used inhaled anesthetics with a favorable recovery profile; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its anesthetic action are still not completely understood. Here the authors show that sevoflurane activates a cluster of urocortin 1 (UCN1+)/cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART+) neurons in the midbrain involved in its anesthesia. Furthermore, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is highly enriched in sevoflurane‐activated UCN1+/CART+ cells and is necessary for sleep induction. Blockade of GHSR abolishes the excitatory effect of sevoflurane on UCN1+/CART+ neurons and attenuates its anesthetic effect. Collectively, their data suggest that anesthetic action of sevoflurane necessitates the GHSR activation in midbrain UCN1+/CART+ neurons, which provides a novel target including the nucleus and receptor in the field of anesthesia.
Relay cropping as an adaptive strategy to cope with climate change
Authors: Gesch Russ W. , Berti Marisol T. , Eberle Carrie A. , Weyers Sharon L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate change and its complex interactions with crops and cropping systems present challenges to agricultural production. Resilient systems that provide food security for a burgeoning population, built by improving crops and developing new alternative cropping systems, are needed to cope with the myriad impacts climate change has on agriculture. Relay cropping is a systems strategy to sustainably intensify crop production and provide environmental benefits. Relay cropping involves interseeding one plant species into an established crop, creating a temporary spatial‐temporal overlap of the two crops. This system keeps living plant cover on the agricultural landscape most of the year, which has implications for adapting to and even mitigating climate change impacts. As global warming progresses, land area suitable for relay cropping or producing more than one crop per year will likely expand to more northerly latitudes. The following review specifically focuses on relay cropping, giving examples of how it can potentially improve agricultural system resilience and adaptability to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while also addressing potential limitations. More research is needed to improve crop genetics, crop combinations, and management practices best suited for relay cropping to further develop systems that can adapt to changing weed and insect dynamics as well as improve nitrogen and water use under current and future predictions of climate change.
Confinement fluorescence effect of an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen in crystalline polymer
Authors: Zhou Lan , Zheng Linlin , Yu Xiaoxiao , Gao Mengyue , Xu Chengjian , Ge Yifan , Bai Tianxiang , Wen Jin , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Meifang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDespite the impressive progress of stimuli‐responsive fluorescent materials, little is known about the influence of confinement created by crystalline polymer over the fluorescence properties of fluorescent molecules. The effects of confinement on the fluorescence of an aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) are investigated using computational simulations, which reveal that the confined space induces the AIEgens to take a more planar conformation, resulting in a red‐shifted emission spectrum. With this property, the study is extended to explore the confinement generated by various polymer crystalline forms, and it is shown that different fluorescence colors are activated. This confinement fluorescence effect is attributed to the different spatial dimensions of the polymer amorphous layer between lamellar crystals where the AIEgens are located. These results indicate the immediate association between crystalline structure and fluorescence signals, activating unprecedented photophysical properties of luminescent materials, and also providing the possibility for crystalline structure visualization, it is important for the many polymer crystallization processes occurring in the materials processing.
The challenge of dementia prevention trials and the role of quasi‐experimental studies
Authors: Lindhout Josephine E. , van Dalen Jan Willem , van Gool Willem A. , Richard Edo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObservational studies have shown consistently that modifiable risk factors during life are associated with increased dementia risk in old age but randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on dementia prevention evaluating the treatment of these risk factors did not find consistent effects on cognitive outcomes. The discrepancy in findings is potentially attributable to inherent differences between the two study designs. Although RCTs are the gold standard for establishing causality, designing and conducting an RCT for dementia prevention is complex. Quasi‐experimental studies (QESs) may contribute to investigating causality without randomization. QESs use variation in exposure to a risk factor or intervention in an observational setting to deduct causal effects. Design‐specific approaches are used to control for confounding, the main caveat of QESs. In this article we address the challenges, opportunities, and limitations of QESs for research into dementia prevention.Highlights
Despite consistent associations between modifiable risk factors and dementia, the mostly neutral effects of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) challenge the causality of these associations.
RCTs in the field of dementia prevention are often problematic due to ethical, practical, or financial constraints, and their results may have limited generalizability.
Four quasi‐experimental study (QES) designs may be suitable to study causality between risk factors and dementia; we critically appraise these study designs for dementia‐prevention studies.
We describe how specific QES designs can be used to study the effects of risk‐factor modification for 12 known risk factors for dementia.
Toward a new nosology of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Menéndez‐González Manuel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew “omic” technologies are revealing shared and distinct biological pathways within and across neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), allowing a better understanding of endophenotypes that exceeds the boundaries of the current diagnostic criteria. Moreover, a diagnostic framework is needed that can accommodate the co‐pathology and the clinical overlap and heterogeneity of NDDs. Apart from dissecting the reasons for a revolution in how we conceive NDD, this article aims to prompt a change in how we diagnose and classify NDD, drafting a general scheme for a new nosology. As identifying a cause is the key to using the term “disease” properly, we propose using a tridimensional classification based on three axes: (1) etiology or pathogenic mechanism, (2) pathology markers and molecular biomarkers, (3) anatomic–clinical; and three hierarchical levels of etiology: (1) genetic/sporadic (2) cellular pathways and processes, and function of fluidic brain systems, and (3) risk factors.