bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real Interest Rates and Population Growth across Generations*
Authors: FUHRER LUCAS , HERGER NILS 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the correlation between population growth and real interest rates. Although this correlation is well founded in macroeconomic theory, the corresponding empirical results have been rather tenuous. Demographic interest rate theories are typically based on long‐term relationships across generations. Accordingly, key population trends appear often only across decades, if not centuries, worth of data. To capture these trends, we distinguish between population growth resulting from a birth surplus and net migration. Within a panel covering 12 countries and the years since 1820, we find robust evidence that the birth surplus is significantly correlated with the real interest rate.
The psychology of interoperability: A systematic review of joint working between the UK emergency services
Authors: Power Nicola , Alcock Jennifer , Philpot Richard , Levine Mark 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEmergency responding requires effective interoperability, whereby different emergency teams combine efforts and expertise to contain and reduce the impact of an emergency. Within the United Kingdom, the capacity for the Emergency Services to be interoperable has been criticized by public enquiries. This systematic review had three goals to: (i) define interoperability; (ii) identify the structural principles that underpin interoperability and (iii) identify the psychological principles that outline how interoperability can be achieved. A PRISMA framework was used to identify 137 articles, including 94 articles from the systematic review, 15 articles from grey literature and 28 articles based on author expertise. We identified two structural principles of interoperability: (i) being able to communicate and exchange information effectively; and (ii) having a decentralized and flexible team network. We identified three psychological principles that informed how interoperability might be embedded in the team: (i) establishing trust between team members; (ii) developing secure team identities and (iii) building cohesive goals. We defined interoperability as a shared system of technology and teamwork built upon trust, identification, goals, communication and flexibility. Regular psychologically immersive training that targets these psychological principles will help to embed interoperability into the social fabric of multi‐team systems operating in high‐reliability organizations.
Combination of downregulating FEN1 and PD‐1 blockade enhances antitumor activity of CD8+ T cells against HNSCC cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Xiangjian , Xu Shenjie , Fu Tao , Wu Yang , Sun Weilian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundProgrammed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and human leukocyte antigen/major histocompatibility complex (HLA/MHC) are two main kinds of immunophenotypes affecting the susceptibility to anti‐PD therapy. Our previous study found that down‐regulation of flap endonuclease‐1 (FEN1) could not only inhibit PD‐L1 expression, but also upregulate HLA expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to clarify whether downregulating FEN1 cloud enhance the response to PD‐1 blockade, and possible mechanisms in HNSCC in vitro.MethodsDifferential expression of FEN1 in HNSCC tumor and normal tissues were explored in the TIMER and TISIDB datasets. A HNSCC cells/CD8+ T cells co‐culture model was established. HNSCC cell cycle and apoptosis were recorded by flow cytometry. Immune activity markers of granzyme A, granzyme B, and PRF1 expressed in the CD8+ T cells, and IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α secreted in the supernatants were detected by western blot, ELISA, respectively.ResultsFEN1 was highly expressed in HNSCC and associated with low immune infiltration. Downregulating FEN1 could induce HLA class I expression, and inhibit PD‐L1 expression in HNSCC cells. Functionally, FEN1 knockdown enhanced the response to αPD‐1 mAb by mediating G2/M phase arrest, apoptosis of HNSCC cells. Mechanistically, targeting FEN1 synergized with αPD‐1 mAb could reinforce the antitumor response of CD8+ T cells against HNSCC cells, as indicated by increasing granzyme A, granzyme B, and PRF1 expressions, and promoting IFN‐γ, IL‐2, and TNF‐α secretions.ConclusionThese findings might offer a potential combined strategy for patients resistant to anti‐PD therapy via combining FEN1 knockdown and PD‐1 blockade.
Application of combined tetrad tests and multi‐sip Temporal Check‐All‐That‐Apply to enhance carbonated beverage flavor differentiation
Authors: Feldmeyer Alex , Johnson Adrianne , Hout Danielle Van 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSensory discrimination testing is conducted for many reasons, including—but not limited to—flavor matching initiatives. When conducting these tests on carbonated beverages, there is not an established protocol on the best way to differentiate these multifaceted products. This is in part due to the formulations exhibiting a spectrum of carbonation (CO2) levels, flavors and ingredients. This research conducted tetrad tests at four time points of CO2 dissipation (0, 5, 10, and 15 min) and at two temperatures (refrigerated and ambient) to determine the sample preparation scenarios for which the “high discrimination” and “low discrimination” sample differentiation occurred. Subsequently, a select beverage pair was assessed in the “high discrimination” and the “low discrimination” preparation scenarios using multi‐sip Temporal Check‐All‐That‐Apply (TCATA). The objective of this research was to assess if identifying optimal sample preparations that enhanced sample differentiation from a series of tetrad tests allowed for a more discriminatory TCATA assessment. Results indicated that sample preparation significantly affected the ability to differentiate beverages for select attributes, but the “high discrimination” scenario was not always the more differentiating condition. Future work will aim to increase the knowledge of these interactions with additional carbonated products to further validate and generalize these findings.Practical ApplicationsSensory professionals will gain knowledge on how to optimize sample preparation for discovery of scenarios in which carbonated product flavors might be better differentiated.
miR‐335‐5p inhibits endochondral ossification by directly targeting SP1 in TMJ OA
Authors: Xia Simo , Zhao Jiong , Zhang Dahe , Chen Lu , Zhang Yuxin , Shen Pei , Yang Chi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveDuring the development of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, endochondral ossification is compromised which leads to condylar degeneration; miR‐335‐5p in endochondral ossification in osteoarthritic condylar cartilage tissue remains unclear.MethodsUp‐regulated microRNA and its target gene were searched for endochondral ossification in osteoarthritis articular cartilage. The effect of increased or decreased miR‐335‐5p on endochondral ossification was evaluated by transfecting miR‐335‐5p mimics or miR‐335‐5p inhibitor in vitro in chondrocytes C28/I2. Finally, we injected the temporomandibular joint of rats intra‐articularly with agomiR‐335 in a unilateral anterior crossbite rat model to determine the in vivo regulation of miR‐335.ResultsAfter the onset of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, miR‐335‐5p levels were gradually up‐regulated, whereas endochondral ossification‐related genes were down‐regulated in condylar cartilage specimens. Our results showed that miR‐335 inhibited endochondral ossification after administration of a miR‐335 antagonist into the temporomandibular joint articular cavity of a unilateral anterior crossbite rat model. AgomiR‐335, a miR‐335 agonist, inhibited matrix mineralization in fibrocartilage stem cells in vitro and then miR‐335‐5p negatively regulated chondrocyte activity by directly targeting SP1 via promoting transforming growth factor‐β/Smad signalling.ConclusionmiR‐335‐5p can significantly inhibit endochondral ossification; therefore, its inhibition may be beneficial for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.
Neuromodulation for the management of chronic pelvic pain syndromes: A systematic review
Authors: Gish Brandon , Langford Brendan , Sobey Christopher , Singh Chahait , Abdullah Newaj , Walker Jeremy , Gray Hannah , Hagedorn Jon , Ghosh Priyanka , Patel Kiran , Deer Timothy 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic pelvic pain is a burdensome condition that involves multiple medical sub‐specialties and is often difficult to treat. Sacral stimulation for functional bladder disease has been well established, but little large‐scale evidence exists regarding utilization of other neuromodulation techniques to treat chronic pelvic pain. Emerging evidence does suggest that neuromodulation is a promising treatment, and we aim to characterize the use and efficacy of such techniques for treating chronic pelvic pain syndromes.Materials and MethodsA systematic review of the literature demonstrating the treatment of chronic pelvic pain syndromes with neuromodulation. Abstracts were reviewed and selected for inclusion, including case series, prospective studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Case studies and publications in abstract only were not included. The reporting for this systematic review follows Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA). The literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus.ResultsA total of 50 studies were included in this review, three of which were randomized controlled trials, and the remaining were prospective and retrospective case series. The range of pelvic pain conditions treated included interstitial cystitis, peripheral neuralgia, pudendal neuralgia, gastrointestinal pain, urogenital pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and visceral chronic pelvic pain. We reported on outcomes involving pain, functionality, psychosocial improvement, and medication reduction.ConclusionsNeuromodulation is a growing treatment for various chronic pain syndromes. Peripheral nerve stimulation was the least studied form of stimulation. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation appears to offer short‐term benefit, but long‐term results are challenging. Sacral nerve stimulation is established for use in functional bladder syndromes and appears to offer pain improvement in these patients as well. Dorsal root ganglion stimulation and spinal cord stimulation have been used for a variety of conditions with promising results. Further studies of homogeneous patient populations are necessary before strong recommendations can be made at this time, although pooled analysis may also be impactful.
The Reflective Fostering Programme—Adapting a group parenting programme for online delivery in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Redfern Sheila , Pursch Benita , Katangwe‐Chigamba Thando , Sopp Rumour , Irvine Karen , Sprecher Eva A. , Schwaiger Theresa , Midgley Nick 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveIn the context of the Covid‐19 pandemic and subsequent lockdown restrictions, service providers faced significant challenges in delivering programmes to support their vulnerable service users. Foster carers‐an already often isolated group of caregivers ‐ were offered an adapted remote‐delivery model of the Reflective Fostering Programme (Redfern et al., Adopt. Foster., 42, 2018, 234) from March 2020.MethodThis paper outlines the adaptation process of the original programme to online‐remote delivery and describes the feedback from participants in the programme.ResultsThe adaptation of the Reflective Fostering programme to online, remote delivery had both strengths and weaknesses ‐ including wider access to foster carers who might struggle to attend in person and challenge a to maintaining a Mentalizing space online and ensuring confidentiality within a therapeutic space. The programme was overwhelmingly well received by foster carers in this format.ConclusionsThere are opportunities and challenges in the delivery of online therapeutic services, particularly those with a group format. This paper contributes initial reflections to what we hope will be a rapidly developing literature on best practice of supporting group services in an online format.
Does household welfare change with finance access? The case of women and the youth in The Gambia
Authors: Manja Laston Petro , Badjie Isatou A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPoor access to finance remains one of the key challenges faced by households and businesses in The Gambia in the face of an underdeveloped financial market. Yet, women and the youth are further disadvantaged as they are reported to face peculiar challenges in finance access, in spite of efforts taken by different stakeholders, including the government. Therefore, this study examines the impacts of various forms of finance on welfare for these marginalized groups by supporting quantitative analyses of the Integrated Household Survey data with some qualitative information. Adopting Lokshin and Sajaia's (2004) endogenous regime switching estimator, due to the nonrandomness of access to finance, the study finds that women households significantly benefit from informal finance through improved food consumption expenditure, and from formal finance through improved income amidst a growing business culture. For the youth, estimates of treatment effects show that informal finance is significantly welfare‐degrading, but formal finance improves almost all measures of welfare. The results reveal, among other things, variations in efficiency and risk attitudes in the use of various forms of finance by the different subpopulations, calling for interventions that increase the level of knowledge and consumer protection.
A Review of the Impact of Sporting Role Model-Led Interventions on Physical Activity and Sport Participation of Female Youth
Authors: Kelly Eimear , Liston Katie , Dowd Kieran , Lane Aoife 
Published: September 2023

There is a lack of evidence of on the impact of how sporting role models (SRM) influence adolescent physical activity (PA) and/or sport participation (SP) levels. The main aim of this review was to identify SRM-led interventions and highlight the evidence of impact of SRMs on female adolescents’ participation in PA and/or SP. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature using key search terms was completed using electronic databases (APA PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and PubMed). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (a) Participants were ≤18 years old, (b) results were reported for female participants, (c) the study included an intervention arm/element, (d) an SRM or equivalent terminology was used as part of the intervention, (e) PA levels and/or SP was evaluated, and (f) peer-reviewed articles published in English. A total of 7,169 peer-reviewed articles were identified and screened. A systematic review of grey literature to identify SRM programs was also carried out through Google search engine, direct contact with relevant sporting organizations, and with authors who had written about role models, and 45 programs were identified. Identified documents were screened using the same inclusion criteria as described above. The results identified one peer-reviewed and 15 grey literature programs, all of which were deemed to be of poor quality. The programs revealed a lack of theoretical base and rigor in methodology, no objective PA or SP assessment, poor demographic context of participants and role models, and lack of evaluation.
“Invisible Sportswomen 2.0”—Digging Deeper Into Gender Bias in Sport and Exercise Science Research: Author Gender, Editorial Board Gender, and Research Quality
Authors: Cowley Emma S. , Moore Sam R. , Olenick Alyssa A. , McNulty Kelly L. 
Published: September 2023

Objectives: Women are underrepresented as participants in sport and exercise science research, and most of the research is of low quality. To reduce the gender data gap, it is imperative to understand where this bias originates. The purpose of this study was (a) to evaluate the proportion of first and last author, and editorial board gender, and (b) to explore the association between gender and quality of female-specific research methods. Method: Studies exclusively investigating female participants (2014–2021) were extracted from a larger data set and updated through 2022. First author, last author, and editorial board gender were determined (e.g., from gender pronouns on institutional profiles, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate). Where applicable, study methodology was assessed by giving each study a quality score (0–1) based on key methodological considerations. Descriptive statistics were used to describe author and editorial board gender frequencies. Analyses of variance were used to investigate the associations between gender and female-specific methodological quality. Results: Within 438 female-only studies, data revealed a greater proportion of women first authors (55%) and men last authors (62%). There was an association between women authors (first, last, and both) and higher quality score for female-specific methods across all journals (p = .00–.04). The two lowest-ranked journals for quality score demonstrated worse gender parity within their editorial board (0%–12% women). Conclusions: The results from this study show that most female-only studies were senior authored by men. However, studies led by women had higher quality of female-specific methods. Future research is needed to explore gender distribution of senior academics.
Bacterial respiratory inhibition triggers dispersal of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilms
Authors: Zemke Anna C. , D'Amico Emily J. , Torres Angela M. , Carreno-Florez Grace P. , Keeley Patrick , DuPont Matt , Kasturiarachi Naomi , Bomberger Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
grows as a biofilm under many environmental conditions, and the bacterium can disperse from biofilms via highly regulated, dynamic processes. However, physiologic triggers of biofilm dispersal remain poorly understood. Based on prior literature describing dispersal triggered by forms of starvation, we tested bacterial respiratory inhibitors for biofilm dispersal in two models resembling chronic airway infections. Our underlying hypothesis was that respiratory inhibitors could serve as a model for the downstream effects of starvation. We used two experimental conditions. In the first condition, biofilms were grown and dispersed from the surface of airway epithelial cells, and the second condition was a model where biofilms were grown on glass in cell culture media supplemented with host-relevant iron sources. In both biofilm models, the respiratory inhibitors potassium cyanide and sodium azide each triggered biofilm dispersal. We hypothesized that cyanide-induced dispersal was due to respiratory inhibition rather than signaling via an alternative mechanism, and, indeed, if respiration was supported by overexpression of cyanide-insensitive oxidase, dispersal was prevented. Dispersal required the activity of the cyclic-di-GMP regulated protease LapG, reinforcing the role of matrix degradation in dispersal. Finally, we examined the roles of individual phosphodiesterases, previously implicated in dispersal to specific triggers, and found signaling to be highly redundant. Combined deletion of the phosphodiesterases
dipA
,
bifA
, and
rbdA
was required to attenuate the dispersal phenotype. In summary, this work adds insight into the physiology of biofilm dispersal under environmental conditions in which bacterial respiration is abruptly limited.

IMPORTANCE

The bacterium
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
grows in biofilm communities that are very difficult to treat in human infections. Growing as a biofilm can protect bacteria from antibiotics and the immune system. Bacteria can leave a biofilm through a process called “dispersal.” Dispersed bacteria seed new growth areas and are more susceptible to killing by antibiotics. The triggers for biofilm dispersal are not well understood, and if we understood dispersal better it might lead to the development of new treatments for infection. In this paper, we find that inhibiting
P. aeurginosa’s
ability to respire (generate energy) can trigger dispersal from a biofilm grown in association with human respiratory epithelial cells in culture. The dispersal process requires a protease which is previously known to degrade the biofilm matrix. These findings give us a better understanding of how the biofilm dispersal process works so that future research can discover better ways of clearing bacteria growing in biofilms.
TamAB is regulated by PhoPQ and functions in outer membrane homeostasis during
Salmonella
pathogenesis
Authors: Ramezanifard Rouhallah , Golubeva Yekaterina A. , Palmer Alexander D. , Slauch James M. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Salmonella
survive and replicate in macrophages, which normally kill bacteria by exposing them to a variety of harsh conditions and antimicrobial effectors, many of which target the bacterial cell envelope. The PhoPQ two-component system responds to the phagosome environment and induces factors that protect the outer membrane, allowing adaptation and growth in the macrophage. We show that PhoPQ induces the transcription of the
tamAB
operon both
in vitro
and in macrophages. The TamA protein is structurally similar to BamA, an essential protein in the Bam complex that assembles β-barrel proteins in the outer membrane, while TamB is an AsmA-family protein implicated in lipid transport between the inner and outer membranes. We show that the Bam machinery is stressed
in vitro
under low Mg
2+
, low pH conditions that mimic the phagosome. Not surprisingly, mutations affecting Bam function confer significant virulence defects. Although loss of TamAB alone confers no virulence defect, a
tamAB
deletion confers a synthetic phenotype in
bam
mutant backgrounds in animals and macrophages, and
in vitro
upon treatment with vancomycin or sodium dodecyl sulfate. Mutations affecting YhdP, which functions in partial redundancy with TamB, also confer synthetic phenotypes with
bam
mutations in the animal, but this interaction is not evident
in vitro
. Thus, in the harsh phagocytic environment of the macrophage, the outer membrane Bam machinery is compromised, and the TamAB system, and perhaps other PhoPQ-regulated factors, is induced to compensate. It is most likely that TamAB and other systems assist the Bam complex indirectly by affecting outer membrane properties.

IMPORTANCE

The TamAB system has been implicated in both outer membrane protein localization and phospholipid transport between the inner and outer membranes. We show that the β-barrel protein assembly complex, Bam, is stressed under conditions thought to mimic the macrophage phagosome. TamAB expression is controlled by the PhoPQ two-component system and induced in macrophages. This system somehow compensates for the Bam complex as evidenced by the fact that mutations affecting the two systems confer synthetic phenotypes in animals, macrophages, and
in vitro
in the presence of vancomycin or SDS. This study has implications concerning the role of TamAB in outer membrane homeostasis. It also contributes to our understanding of the systems necessary for
Salmonella
to adapt and reproduce within the macrophage phagosome.