bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-spectral-resolution Fabry-Pérot interferometers overcome fundamental limitations of present volcanic gas remote sensing techniques
Authors: Kuhn Jonas , Bobrowski Nicole , Boudoire Guillaume , Calabrese Sergio , Giuffrida Giovanni , Liuzzo Marco , Karume Katcho , Tedesco Dario , Wagner Thomas , Platt Ulrich 
Published: March 2023

Remote sensing (RS) of volcanic gases has become a central tool for studying volcanic activity. For instance, ultraviolet (UV) skylight spectroscopy with grating spectrographs (GS) enables SO2 (and, under favourable conditions, BrO) quantification in volcanic plumes from autonomous platforms at safe distances. These measurements can serve volcanic monitoring and they cover all stages of volcanic activity in long measurement time series, which substantially contributes to the refinement of theories on volcanic degassing. Infrared (IR) remote sensing techniques are able to measure further volcanic gases (e.g., HF, HCl, CO2, CO). However, the employed Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) are intrinsically intricate and, due to limited resolving power or light throughput, mostly rely on either lamps, direct sun, or hot lava as light source, usually limiting measurements to individual field campaigns. We show that many limitations of grating spectrographs and Fourier transform spectrometer measurements can be overcome by Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) based spectrograph implementations. Compared to grating spectrographs and Fourier transform spectrometers, Fabry-Perot interferometer spectrographs reach a 1-3 orders of magnitude higher spectral resolution and superior light throughput with compact and stable set-ups. This leads to 1) enhanced sensitivity and selectivity of the spectral trace gas detection, 2) enables the measurement of so far undetected volcanic plume constituents [e.g., hydroxyl (OH) or sulfanyl (SH)], and 3) extends the range of gases that can be measured continuously using the sky as light source. Here, we present measurements with a shoe-box-size Fabry-Perot interferometer spectrograph (resolving power of ca. 150000), performed in the crater of Nyiragongo volcano. By analysing the light of a ultraviolet light emitting diode that is sent through the hot gas emission of an active lava flow, we reach an OH detection limit of about 20 ppb, which is orders of magnitude lower than the mixing ratios predicted by high-temperature chemical models. Furthermore, we introduce example calculations that demonstrate the feasibility of skylight-based remote sensing of HF and HCl in the short-wave infrared with Fabry-Perot interferometer spectrographs, which opens the path to continuous monitoring and data acquisition during all stages of volcanic activity. This is only one among many further potential applications of remote sensing of volcanic gases with high spectral resolution.
Anthropogenically-forced weakening of the Indian summer monsoon and enhancement of the western North Pacific tropical cyclogenesis
Authors: Sagar Aswin , Krishnan R. , Sabin T. P. 
Published: March 2023

This study addresses the role of human-induced climate change on the interactions of convective activities between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and western North Pacific (WNP) regions - an important scientific issue which has been hitherto overlooked. We have examined this problem using two numerical experiments of a high-resolution climate model, with and without anthropogenic forcing (i.e., HIST and HISTNAT) for the historical period 1951–2005, supplemented by innovative diagnostics like causal network analysis. Our findings suggest that an anthropogenically-forced weakening of the ISM circulation tends to significantly enhance the genesis potential index (GPI) of the WNP tropical cyclones by 13.5% and associated convective activities, by reorienting the large-scale flow over the tropical Indo-Pacific in a manner that is conducive for enhancement of the WNP tropical cyclogenesis. Additionally, it is found that the probability of extremely low sea-level pressure (SLP) (&lt;995.5 hPa) around Taiwan and Chinese mainland is significantly higher by 10.3% in the anthropogenically-forced simulation as compared to the natural run. Using the model outputs from HIST and HISTNAT, we also performed a causal effect network (CEN) analysis to understand the causal connections among the three indices involved in the ISM-WNP interactions (a) Indian monsoon circulation index (IMI) which is the difference in the area-averaged 850 hPa zonal winds between the boxes (40oE-80oE, 5oN-15oN) and (70oE-90oE, 20oN-30oN) (b) WNP tropical cyclone activity expressed as the genesis potential index (GPI) averaged over the region (120oE-180oE, 5oN-30oN) and (c) Tropical Indo-Pacific wind index (IPWND) which is based on the 850 hPa zonal winds averaged over the domain (100oE-130oE, 5oN-20oN). Results from the CEN analysis indicate that an anthropogenically-forced weakening of the IMI can lead to possible strengthening of GPI and IPWND with time-lags of 5 and 7 days, respectively. In general, it is noted that the causal relationships among IMI, GPI and IPWND are associated with shorter time-lags (∼4–9 days) in HIST and longer time-lags (∼19–28 days) in HISTNAT.
Soil profile N2O efflux from a cotton field in arid Northwestern China in response to irrigation and nitrogen management
Authors: Kuang Wennong , Wu Yufeng , Gao Xiaopeng , Yin Mingyuan , Gui Dongwei , Zeng Fanjiang 
Published: March 2023

It remains uncertain how different N inputs as synthetic fertilizer or manure and irrigation types affect nitrous oxide (N2O) production and effluxes in the subsurface. A field trial was carried out in 2016 to evaluate the impacts of conventional urea, animal manure, and a 50/50 mix of urea and manure on N2O production/effluxes from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) field under flood or drip irrigation in northwestern China. Soil N2O concentrations were monitored at 5, 15, 30, and 60 cm depths to assess the production and diffusion rates of N2O in the soil profile. The results showed that N2O concentrations in 0–60 cm ranged between 221 and 532 nL L−1 and averaged 344 nL L−1, which was generally lower compared to other studies in the same region. Manure and flood irrigation significantly increased N2O production at 0–5 cm and 5–15 cm, respectively. That is, the effects of nitrogen management and irrigation types on the N2O production of the profile were reflected in the surface layers and subsurface layers, respectively. All N2O production occurred in the 0–15 cm layer, with the 0–5 cm depth contributing 87%–100% of the surface emissions. The response discrepancy of N2O production/diffusion to irrigation and nitrogen management in different soil depths should be fully considered in developing agricultural N2O emission reduction measures.
Multi-omics approach to study the dual effects of novel proteins on the intestinal health of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under an alternate feeding strategy
Authors: Li Lukuan , Wang Yu , Huang Yanqing , Wang Chunfang 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionIn an effort to minimize the usage of fishmeal in aquaculture, novel protein diets, including Tenebrio molitor, cottonseed protein concentrate, Clostridium autoethanogenum, and Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated for their potential to replace fishmeal. Nevertheless, comprehensive examinations on the gut health of aquatic animals under an alternate feeding strategy when fed novel protein diets are vacant.MethodsFive isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing various proteins were manufactured, with a diet consisting of whole fishmeal serving as the control and diets containing novel proteins serving as the experimental diets. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with an initial body weight of 4.73 ± 0.04g employed as an experimental animal and given these five diets for the first 29 days followed by a fishmeal diet for the next 29 days.ResultsThe results of this study demonstrated that the growth performance of novel protein diets in the second stage was better than in the first stage, even though only the C. vulgaris diet increased antioxidant capacity and the cottonseed protein concentrate diet decreased it. Concerning the intestinal barriers, the C. autoethanogenum diet lowered intestinal permeability and plasma IL-1β/TNF-α. In addition, the contents of intestinal immunological factors, namely LYS and sIgA-like, were greater in C. vulgaris than in fishmeal. From the data analysis of microbiome and metabolome, the levels of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), anaerobic bacteria, Lactococcus, and Firmicutes were significantly higher in the C. autoethanogenum diet than in the whole fishmeal diet, while the abundance of Pseudomonas, aerobic bacteria, Streptococcus, and Proteobacteria was lowest. However, no extremely large differences in microbiota or short chain fatty acids were observed between the other novel protein diets and the whole fishmeal diet. In addition, the microbiota were strongly connected with intestinal SCFAs, lipase activity, and tight junctions, as shown by the Mantel test and Pearson’s correlation.DiscussionTaken together, according to Z-score, the ranking of advantageous functions among these protein diets was C. autoethanogenum diet &gt; C. vulgaris diet &gt; whole fishmeal diet &gt; cottonseed protein concentrate &gt; T. molitor diet. This study provides comprehensive data illustrating a mixed blessing effect of novel protein diets on the gut health of juvenile largemouth bass under an alternate feeding strategy.
Hemophilia A subjects with an intron-22 gene inversion mutation show CD4+ T-effector responses to multiple epitopes in FVIII
Authors: Gunasekera Devi , Vir Pooja , Karim Ahmad Faisal , Ragni Margaret V. , Pratt Kathleen P. 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundAlmost half of severe hemophilia A (HA) is caused by an intron 22 inversion mutation (Int22Inv), which disrupts the 26-exon F8 gene. Inverted F8 mRNA exons 1-22 are transcribed, while F8B mRNA, containing F8 exons 23-26, is transcribed from a promoter within intron 22. Neither FVIII activity nor FVIII antigen (cross-reacting material, CRM) are detectable in plasma of patients with an intron-22 inversion.ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that (putative) intracellular synthesis of FVIII proteins encoded by inverted F8 and F8B mRNAs confers T-cell tolerance to almost the entire FVIII sequence, and to evaluate the immunogenicity of the region encoded by the F8 exon 22-23 junction sequence.Patients/MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 30 severe or moderate HA subjects (17 with an Int22Inv mutation) were tested by ELISPOT assays to detect cytokine secretion in response to FVIII proteins and peptides and to map immunodominant T-cell epitopes. Potential immunogenicity of FVIII sequences encoded by the F8 exon 22-23 junction region was also tested using peptide-MHCII binding assays.ResultsEight of the Int22Inv subjects showed robust cytokine secretion from PBMCs stimulated with FVIII proteins and/or peptides, consistent with earlier publications from the Conti-Fine group. Peptide ELISPOT assays identified immunogenic regions of FVIII. Specificity for sequences encoded within F8 mRNA exons 1-22 and F8B mRNA was confirmed by staining Int22Inv CD4+ T cells with peptide-loaded HLA-Class II tetramers. FVIII peptides spanning the F8 exon 22-23 junction (encoding M2124-V2125) showed limited binding to MHCII proteins and low immunogenicity, with cytokine secretion from only one Int22Inv subject.ConclusionsPBMCs from multiple subjects with an Int22Inv mutation, with and without a current FVIII inhibitor, responded to FVIII epitopes. Furthermore, the FVIII region encoded by the exon 22-23 junction sequence was not remarkably immunoreactive and is therefore unlikely to contain an immunodominant, promiscuous CD4+ T-cell epitope. Our results indicate that putative intracellular expression of partial FVIII proteins does not confer T-cell tolerance to FVIII regions encoded by inverted F8 mRNA or F8B mRNA.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of benthic bacterial communities in the Perdido Fold Belt, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Sánchez-Soto Ma. Fernanda , Cerqueda-García Daniel , Aguirre-Macedo M. Leopoldina , García-Maldonado José Q. 
Published: March 2023

This study analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of surficial benthic microbial communities in a bathymetric gradient (44 - 3573 m) across four oceanographic campaigns at the Perdido Fold Belt (PFB) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (nwGoM). Bioinformatic analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons grouped the 27 samples into three clusters according to a longitudinal bathymetric gradient. Differences in community structure among clusters, based on PERMANOVA analysis, were partially explained by cruise, water depth, temperature, salinity, nitrate plus nitrite, silicate, redox potential, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Al, as well by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations. Into microbial community composition, Gemmatimonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae, and the JTB255 were detected at all depths across the four campaigns. Members of Anaerolinaceae and specific sulfate-reducing bacteria were more abundant in sites located between 43 and 1200 m, and Rhodospirillaceae, wb1-A12, OM1 clade, Desulfurellaceae, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospinaceae, and Clostridiaceae 1 were better represented in deeper sites. Alpha diversity was similar between the three groups and remained stable; however, 10 samples presented changes in the community structure across the four campaigns. Finally, a multivariable association analysis revealed 25 bacterial genera positively related with physicochemical parameters that characterized the environment from shallow to deep sea sites. Taken together, these results yield insights into the temporal stability of 17 of 27 sites in the PFB and revealed signature taxa with putatively ecological relevance in sedimentary environments.
Assessment of future flood risk induced by sea level rise and tropical cyclones under global warming in the Xiamen Bay, Fujian, China
Authors: Guo Wenyun , Yao Ding , Chen Zhi , Ding Pingxing , Ge Jianzhong 
Published: March 2023

Tropical cyclone (TC)-induced coastal flooding can lead to severe hazards in low-lying lands and is expected to be exacerbated by sea level rise and TC climatology changes related to the warming climate. Since the dense population in Xiamen Bay, Fujian, China, it is highly valuable in understanding coastal flooding of it, but little studies involved this topic. In this study, we establish a high-resolution numerical model covering all coastal low-lying land in Xiamen Bay based on FVCOM. This model is then used to assess the flood risk in Xiamen Bay under TCs with 10-, 100-, and 1000-year pressures by applying a multi-tracks blend method. The results show that 126 km2 of low-lying area can be flooded periodically by astronomical tides; and 388, 504, and 598 km2 of low-lying area can be flooded under TCs with 10-, 100-, and 1000-year pressures, accompanied by increased average flood depths of 2.3, 2.8, and 3.4 m, respectively. By 2100 under SSP5-8.5, the well-protected Xiamen Island becomes impacted by TCs with 10-year pressure, and flood areas under TCs with 100-year pressure are estimated to be nearly equivalent to that under TCs with 1000-year pressure at the current climate. The most increased exposure area by climate change are artificial surfaces and agricultural areas, showing the potential higher flood disasters in future.
Multiphysics simulation of an anisothermal reactive spontaneous capillary rise between electric rotor wires
Authors: Moisy Amélie , Comas-Cardona Sébastien , Désilles Nicolas , Genevée Pascal , Kolehmainen Jere 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The rotor is the mobile component of an electric motor. A wound rotor is composed primarily of a steel core with insulated copper wires wound around it, after which the winding is immersed into a liquid acrylate-based thermosetting resin bath whose role is to ensure the performance and durability of the motor. This impregnation with resin between the wires occurs under controlled temperature settings to facilitate resin flow and polymerization. This process does not involve any pressurization to further facilitate resin flow between the wires; this suggests that, in addition to viscous effects, capillary and gravity forces play a significant role in the impregnation process.Methods: Our ultimate objective is to evaluate the quality of this impregnation. Doing so requires the characterization and simulation of a multi-material and multiphysics process in which heat transfer, polymerization kinetics, and resin flow are strongly coupled. This paper presents a fully coupled macroscopic multiphysics simulation of a unidirectional thermo-regulated capillary rise set-up.Discussion: The modeling choices made produced a good level of agreement with experimental data and enable explanation of a sudden change of regime observed at 120°C, which can be attributed to the polymerization and thermal gradients and their impact on fluid dynamics.
First experience with 224Radium-labeled microparticles (Radspherin®) after CRS-HIPEC for peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer (a phase 1 study)
Authors: Larsen Stein Gunnar , Graf Wilhelm , Mariathasan Anthony Burton , Sørensen Olaf , Spasojevic Milan , Goscinski Mariusz Adam , Selboe Silje , Lundstrøm Nadja , Holtermann Anne , Revheim Mona-Elisabeth , Bruland Øyvind Sverre 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPeritoneal metastasis (PM) from colorectal cancer carries a dismal prognosis despite extensive cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC). With a median time to recurrence of 11–12 months, there is a need for novel therapies. Radspherin® consists of the α-emitting radionuclide radium-224 (224Ra), which has a half-life of 3.6 days and is adsorbed to a suspension of biodegradable calcium carbonate microparticles that are designed to give short-range radiation to the serosal peritoneal surface linings, killing free-floating and/or tumor cell clusters that remain after CRS-HIPEC.MethodsA first-in-human phase 1 study (EudraCT 2018–002803-33) was conducted at two specialized CRS-HIPEC centers. Radspherin® was administered intraperitoneally 2 days after CRS-HIPEC. Dose escalation at increasing activity dose levels of 1-2-4-7-MBq, a split-dose repeated injection, and expansion cohorts were used to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Radspherin®. The aim was to explore the recommended dose and biodistribution using gamma-camera imaging. The results from the planned safety interim analysis after the completion of the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) period of 30 days are presented.ResultsTwenty-three patients were enrolled: 14 in the dose escalation cohort, three in the repeated cohort, and six in the expansion cohort. Of the 23 enrolled patients, seven were men and 16 were women with a median age of 64 years (28–78). Twelve patients had synchronous PM stage IV and 11 patients had metachronous PM [primary stage II; (6) and stage III; (5)], with a disease-free interval of 15 months (3–30). The peritoneal cancer index was median 7 (3–19), operation time was 395 min (194–515), and hospital stay was 12 days (7–37). A total of 68 grade 2 adverse events were reported for 17 patients during the first 30 days; most were considered related to CRS and/or HIPEC. Only six of the TEAEs were evaluated as related to Radspherin®. One TEAE, anastomotic leakage, was reported as grade 3. Accordion ≥3 grade events occurred in a total of four of the 23 patients: reoperation due to anastomotic leaks (two) and drained abscesses (two). No DLT was documented at the 7 MBq dose level that was then defined as the recommended dose. The biodistribution of Radspherin® showed a relatively even peritoneal distribution.ConclusionAll dose levels of Radspherin® were well tolerated, and DLT was not reached. No deaths occurred, and no serious adverse events were considered related to Radspherin®.Clinical Trial Registration:Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT 03732781.
Kinetics of dried blood spot-measured anti-SARS-CoV2 Spike IgG in mRNA-vaccinated healthcare workers
Authors: Puccini Lucrezia , Fantini Michela , Biagetti Carlo , Angelini Raffaella , Dirani Giorgio , Grumiro Laura , Schiavone Pasqua , Sparacino Monica , Semprini Simona , Sambri Vittorio , Cricca Monica 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionOne of the major criticisms facing the research community during SARS-CoV2 pandemic was the lack of large-scale, longitudinal data on the efficacy of the SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines. Currently, even if COVID-19 antiviral treatments have been authorized by European Medicine Agency, prevention through approved specific vaccines is the best approach available in order to contain the ongoing pandemic.ObjectivesHere, we studied the antibody kinetic over a one-year period from vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech (Pfizer) vaccines and subsequent boosting with either the BioNTech or Moderna (Spikevax) vaccines in a large cohort of 8,071 healthcare workers (HCW). We also described the impact of SARS-CoV2 infection on antibody kinetic over the same period.MethodsWe assessed the anti SARS-CoV2 Spike IgG antibody kinetic by the high throughput dried blood spot (DBS) collection method and the GSP®/DELFIA® Anti-SARS-CoV2 IgG assay (PerkinElmer®).ResultsOur data support existing models showing that SARS-CoV2 vaccination elicits strong initial antibodies responses that decline with time but are transitorily increased by administering a vaccine booster. We also showed that using heterologous vaccine/booster combinations a stronger antibody response was elicited than utilizing a booster from the same vaccine manufacturer. Furthermore, by considering the impact of SARS-CoV2 infection occurrence in proximity to the scheduled booster administration, we confirmed that booster dose did not contribute significantly to elicit higher antibody responses.ConclusionDBS sampling in our large population of HCWs was fundamental to collect a large number of specimens and to clarify the effective mRNA vaccine-induced antibody kinetic and the role of both heterologous boosters and SARS-CoV2 infection in modulating antibody responses.
Expression profile of microRNAs related with viral infectivity, inflammatory response, and immune activation in people living with HIV
Authors: Cuesta-Sancho Sara , Márquez-Ruiz Denisse , Illanes-Álvarez Francisco , Campaña-Gómez Irene , Martín-Aspas Andrés , Trujillo-Soto María Teresa , Romero Alberto , Galán Fátima , Rodríguez-Iglesias Manuel , Márquez-Coello Mercedes , Girón-González José-Antonio 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the serum expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) with ability to modulate the human immunodeficiency (HIV) replication or inflammatory status in people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsForty healthy controls and two groups of PLWH were evaluated: (a) Group 1 (n = 30), patients with detectable viral load at inclusion, analyzed before receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 12 months after initiating it; (b) Group 2 (n = 55), PLWH with prolonged undetectable viral load. Intestinal barrier disruption (I-FABP) and bacterial translocation (16S rDNA) markers, inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 and sCD163, immune activation and expression of specific miRNAs were evaluated.ResultsSerum concentrations of I-FABP, 16S rDNA, IL-6, sCD163 and activated T lymphocytes were increased in PLWH. Serum miR-34a was overexpressed at inclusion and remained elevated after ART. The expression of the remaining miRNAs that modulate HIV infectivity (miR-7, mir-29a, miR-150, and miR-223) was similar in PLWH and controls. Related to miRNAs implicated in inflammation (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-210), significant overexpression were observed in miR-21 and miR-210 levels in untreated PLWH, but levels were restored in those patients treated for a long period.ConclusionA sustained overexpression of miR-34a was detected even after prolonged HIV controlled replication. miR-21 and miR-210 can be considered new markers of inflammation with high sensitivity to its modifications.