bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feminine Leadership Ideals and Masculine Practices: Exploring Gendered Leadership Conditions in the Swedish Parliament
Authors: Erikson Josefina , Josefsson Cecilia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWomen’s access to political leadership positions has increased greatly in recent decades, which calls for research concerning the conditions of women’s political leadership in more gender-balanced contexts. This article responds to this need by exploring the leadership ideals, evaluations, and treatment of men and women leaders in the numerically gender-equal Swedish parliament (the Riksdag). Drawing on interviews with almost all the current top political leaders in the Swedish parliament, along with an original survey of Swedish members of parliament, we reveal a mainly feminine-coded parliamentary leadership ideal that should be more appropriate for women leaders. Masculine practices remain, however, and women leaders continue to be disadvantaged. To explain this anomaly between ideals and practices, we argue that a feminist institutionalist perspective, which emphasizes how gender shapes a given context in multiple ways, contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the conditions for women’s political leadership than that provided by the widely employed role congruity theory.
Effects of nozzle type and adjuvant selection on common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) control using nicosulfuron in corn
Authors: Brankov Milan , Simić Milena , Ulber Lena , Tolimir Miodrag , Chachalis Demosthenis , Dragičević Vesna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWeed control in corn is a major challenge due to increasing problems with highly dominant weed species and herbicide resistance evolution. Common lambsquarters and johnsongrass constitute up to 80% to 90% of the weed population in many spring crops, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and corn, in Serbia. Currently, acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides, such as the systemic selective sulfonylurea nicosulfuron, are most commonly used for chemical weed control of those species. A better understanding of the impact of nozzle type and adjuvant use on nicosulfuron efficacy can help to improve control of common lambsquarters and johnsongrass and minimize herbicide resistance development. Field trials were conducted in Serbia from 2020 to 2022 to evaluate the impact of two adjuvants (a non-ionic surfactant [NIS] and a mineral fertilizer ammonium sulfate [AMS]) and two nozzle types (drift-reducing nozzles and flat-fan nozzles) on common lambsquarters and johnsongrass control using nicosulfuron. Satisfactory biomass reduction of common lambsquarters (83% to 87%) and johnsongrass (83% to 97%) was achieved after nicosulfuron application. Adding a NIS adjuvant increased the biomass reduction for common lambsquarters (94% to 98%) and johnsongrass (90% to 100%) independently of the nozzle type used. Selection of nozzle type did not show consistent effects on common lambsquarters and johnsongrass control. Nicosulfuron efficacy was increased with NIS adjuvant for both nozzle types compared to nicosulfuron solo for both species, and Extended Range (XR) TeeJet® nozzles on average resulted in a higher efficacy for common lambsquarters compared to Turbo TeeJet® induction. Adding a mineral AMS adjuvant resulted in lower biomass reduction for both nozzle types and weed species (65% to 78% and 61% to 91% for common lambsquarters and johnsongrass, respectively). Corn grain yield was predominantly influenced by annual meteorological conditions and adjuvant type added to nicosulfuron. This research suggests that addition of the non-ionic adjuvant is an essential factor for successful control of common lambsquarters and johnsongrass in corn and enables use of drift-reducing nozzles.
Temporal Relationship of Slow Slip Events and Microearthquake Seismicity: Insights From Earthquake Automatic Detections in the Northern Hikurangi Margin, Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Yarce Jefferson , Sheehan Anne F. , Roecker Steven 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSlow slip events in the northern Hikurangi margin of Aotearoa New Zealand occur every 18–24 months and last for several weeks before returning to average convergence rates of around 38 mm/yr. Along this plate boundary, the Hikurangi plateau subducts beneath the overlying Australian plate and slow slip events occur along their plate interface at depths between 2 and 15 km. To explore whether there is a temporal relationship between slow slip events and earthquake occurrence, the Regressive ESTimator automated phase arrival detection and onset estimation algorithm was applied to a data set of continuous waveform data collected by both land and ocean bottom seismometers. This detector uses an autoregressive algorithm with iterative refinement to first detect seismic events and then create a catalog of hypocenters and P and S wave arrival times. Results are compared with an available catalog of manually detected seismic events. The auto‐detector was able to find more than three times the number of events detected by analysts. With our newly assembled data set of automatically detected earthquakes, we were able to determine that there was an increase in the rate of earthquake occurrence during the 2014 slow slip event.
Toward Sustainable Water Infrastructure: The State‐Of‐The‐Art for Modeling the Failure Probability of Water Pipes
Authors: Taiwo Ridwan , Ben Seghier Mohamed El Amine , Zayed Tarek 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFailures of water distribution networks (WDNs) are rising at an exponential rate, necessitating immediate attention. An effective way to reduce the failure rate is to develop accurate predictive models for the failure probability of water pipes, which are the most critical assets of WDNs. Despite the fact that researchers have invested efforts to develop various predictive models, the extant literature lacks a complete state‐of‐the‐art review. To fill this gap, this study employs a mixed approach (i.e., quantitative and qualitative) by providing (a) a bibliometric analysis of existing scholarly literature, (b) a systematic review of the techniques used in modeling the failure probability of water pipes, including physical, statistical, and machine‐learning (ML)‐based models, and (c) identified gaps and future research directions. The bibliometric analysis shows that ML‐based models are emerging and, hence understudied as compared to the physical and statistical‐based models. Regarding the systematic review, a proper understanding of the development of each model has been provided in addition to their advantages and critiques. Furthermore, failure probability integration methods are discussed. Findings reveal that the social and operation‐related predictors have been understudied, thereby suggesting their further exploration. This study adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing water utilities and academics with a comprehensive understanding of the probability of water pipe failure, which will be useful in the decision‐making process and network management.
Isolation, bonding and reactivity of a monomeric stibine oxide
Authors: Wenger John S. , Weng Monica , George Graham N. , Johnstone Timothy C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn contrast to phosphine oxides and arsine oxides, which are common and exist as stable monomeric species featuring the corresponding pnictoryl functional group (Pn=O/Pn+–O−; Pn = P, As), stibine oxides are generally polymeric, and the properties of the unperturbed stiboryl group (Sb=O/Sb+–O−) remain unexplored. We now report the isolation of the monomeric stibine oxide, Dipp3SbO (where Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Spectroscopic, crystallographic and computational studies provide insight into the nature of the Sb=O/Sb+–O− bond. Moreover, isolation of Dipp3SbO allows the chemistry of the stiboryl group to be explored. Here we show that Dipp3SbO can act as a Brønsted base, a hydrogen-bond acceptor and a transition-metal ligand, in addition engaging in 1,2-addition, O-for-F2 exchange and O-atom transfer. In all cases, the reactivity of Dipp3SbO differed from that of the lighter congeners Dipp3AsO and Dipp3PO.
Climate-driven zooplankton shifts cause large-scale declines in food quality for fish
Authors: Heneghan Ryan F. , Everett Jason D. , Blanchard Julia L. , Sykes Patrick , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractZooplankton are the primary energy pathway from phytoplankton to fish. Yet, there is limited understanding about how climate change will modify zooplankton communities and the implications for marine food webs globally. Using a trait-based marine ecosystem model resolving key zooplankton groups, we find that future oceans, particularly in tropical regions, favour food webs increasingly dominated by carnivorous (chaetognaths, jellyfish and carnivorous copepods) and gelatinous filter-feeding zooplankton (larvaceans and salps) at the expense of omnivorous copepods and euphausiids. By providing a direct energetic pathway from small phytoplankton to fish, the rise of gelatinous filter feeders partially offsets the increase in trophic steps between primary producers and fish from declining phytoplankton biomass and increases in carnivorous zooplankton. However, future fish communities experience reduced carrying capacity from falling phytoplankton biomass and less nutritious food as environmental conditions increasingly favour gelatinous zooplankton, slightly exacerbating projected declines in small pelagic fish biomass in tropical regions by 2100.
Buckling and shape control of prestressable trusses using optimum number of actuators
Authors: Manguri Ahmed , Saeed Najmadeen , Szczepanski Marcin , Jankowski Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper describes a method to control the nodal displacement of prestressable truss structures within the desired domains. At the same time, the stress in all members is unleashed to take any value between the allowable tensile stress and critical buckling stress. The shape and stresses are controlled by actuating the most active members. The technique considers the members’ initial crookedness, residual stresses, and slenderness ratio (S). Furthermore, the method is premeditated so that the members with an S between 200 and 300 can carry only tension before and after adjustment (i.e., the maximum compressive stress for the members with an S between 200 and 300 is zero). In addition, the derived equations are coupled with an optimization function that relies on five optimization algorithms (interior-point, trust-region-reflective, Sequential quadratic programming (SQP), SQP-legacy, and active-set). The algorithms identify and then exclude inactive actuators in the subsequent iterations. The technique is applied to several examples, and its results are compared with a quoted method in the literature.
Diversity and structure of feather mite communities on seabirds from the north–east Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Stefan Laura M. , Isbert Wolf , Gómez-Díaz Elena , Mironov Sergey V. , Doña Jorge , McCoy Karen D. , González-Solís Jacob 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe richness and structure of symbiont assemblages are shaped by many factors acting at different spatial and temporal scales. Among them, host phylogeny and geographic distance play essential roles. To explore drivers of richness and structure of symbiont assemblages, feather mites and seabirds are an attractive model due to their peculiar traits. Feather mites are permanent ectosymbionts and considered highly host-specific with limited dispersal abilities. Seabirds harbour species-rich feather mite communities and their colonial breeding provides opportunities for symbionts to exploit several host species. To unravel the richness and test the influence of host phylogeny and geographic distance on mite communities, we collected feather mites from 11 seabird species breeding across the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Using morphological criteria, we identified 33 mite species, of which 17 were new or recently described species. Based on community similarity analyses, mite communities were clearly structured by host genera, while the effect of geography within host genera or species was weak and sometimes negligible. We found a weak but significant effect of geographic distance on similarity patterns in mite communities for Cory’s shearwaters Calonectris borealis. Feather mite specificity mainly occurred at the host-genus rather than at host-species level, suggesting that previously inferred host species-specificity may have resulted from poorly sampling closely related host species. Overall, our results show that host phylogeny plays a greater role than geography in determining the composition and structure of mite assemblages and pinpoints the importance of sampling mites from closely-related host species before describing mite specificity patterns.
Optical investigation and computational modelling of BaTiO3 for optoelectronic devices applications
Authors: Elmahgary Maryam G. , Mahran Abdelrahman M. , Ganoub Moustafa , Abdellatif Sameh O. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractABX3 perovskite-based materials have attracted research attention in various electronic and optoelectronic applications. The ability to tune the energy band gap through various dopants makes perovskites a potential candidate in many implementations. Among various perovskite materials, BaTiO3 has shown great applicability as a robust UV absorber with an energy band gap of around 3.2 eV. Herein, we provide a new sonochemical-assisted solid-phase method for preparing BaTiO3 thin films that optoelectronic devices can typically be used. BaTiO3 nano-powder and the thin film deposited on a glass substrate were characterized using physicochemical and optical techniques. In addition, the work demonstrated a computational attempt to optically model the BaTiO3 from the atomistic level using density functional theory to the thin film level using finite difference time domain Maxwell's equation solver. Seeking repeatability, the dispersion and the extinction behavior of the BaTiO3 thin film have been modeled using Lorentz-Dude (LD) coefficients, where all fitting parameters are listed. A numerical model has been experimentally verified using the experimental UV–Vis spectrometer measurements, recording an average root-mean-square error of 1.44%.
Correlation between meteorological factors and vitamin D status under different season
Authors: Wang Xichao , Lu Ke , Shen Junjie , Xu Shihan , Wang Qi , Gong Yaqin , Xia Yunyu , Wang Xiaochun , Chen Lin , Yan Shanjun , Tang Zaixiang , Li Chong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPregnant women with low vitamin D levels tend to have poor clinical outcomes. Meteorological factors were associated with vitamin D. Here, we aimed to study the current status of 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in pregnant women in Kunshan city and investigate the meteorological factors associated with 25(OH)D levels under different seasons. The correlation between meteorological factors and 25(OH)D levels was estimated by cross-correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression. A restrictive cubic spline method was used to estimate the non-linear relationship. From 2015 to 2020, a total of 22,090 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Pregnant women with 25(OH)D concentrations below 50 nmol/l represent 65.85% of the total study population. There is a positive correlation between temperature and 25(OH)D. And there is a protective effect of the higher temperature on vitamin D deficiency. However, in the subgroup analysis, we found that in autumn, high temperatures above 30 °C may lead to a decrease in 25(OH)D levels. This study shows that vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women may widespread in eastern China. There is a potential inverted U-shaped relationship between temperature and 25(OH)D levels, which has implications for understanding of vitamin D changes under different seasons.
Temperature dependence of electrical conductivity and variable hopping range mechanism on graphene oxide films
Authors: Sánchez-Trujillo D. J. , Osorio-Maldonado L. V. , Prías-Barragán J. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of optoelectronic applications for optical-to-electrical conversion has increased the interest in graphene oxide material. Here, graphene oxide films (GOF) were used as source material in an infrared photodetector configuration and the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity was studied. GOF were prepared by the double-thermal decomposition (DTD) method at 973 K, with a fixed carbonization temperature, in a pyrolysis system, under a controlled nitrogen atmosphere, over quartz substrates. Graphene oxide films were mechanically supported in a photodetector configuration on Bakelite substrates and electrically contacted with copper wires and high-purity silver paint. Morphological images from the GOF’s surface were taken employing a scanning electron microscope and observed a homogeneous surface which favored the electrical contacts deposition. Vibrational characteristics were studied employing Raman spectroscopy and determined the typical graphene oxide bands. GOF were used to discuss the effect of temperature on the film’s electrical conductivity. Current–voltage (I–V) curves were taken for several temperatures varying from 20 to 300 K and the electrical resistance values were obtained from 142.86 to 2.14 kΩ. The GOF electrical conductivity and bandgap energy (Eg) were calculated, and it was found that when increasing temperature, the electrical conductivity increased from 30.33 to 2023.97 S/m, similar to a semiconductor material, and Eg shows a nonlinear change from 0.33 to 0.12 eV, with the increasing temperature. Conduction mechanism was described mainly by three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH). Additionally, measurements of voltage and electrical resistance, as a function of wavelength were considered, for a spectral range between 1300 and 3000 nm. It was evidenced that as the wavelength becomes longer, a greater number of free electrons are generated, which contributes to the electrical current. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) was determined for this proposed photodetector prototype, obtaining a value of 40%, similar to those reported for commercial semiconductor photodetectors. This study provides a groundwork for further development of graphene oxide films with high conductivity in large-scale preparation.
Scar/WAVE has Rac GTPase-independent functions during cell wound repair
Authors: Nakamura Mitsutoshi , Hui Justin , Stjepić Viktor , Parkhurst Susan M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRho family GTPases regulate both linear and branched actin dynamics by activating downstream effectors to facilitate the assembly and function of complex cellular structures such as lamellipodia and contractile actomyosin rings. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) family proteins are downstream effectors of Rho family GTPases that usually function in a one-to-one correspondence to regulate branched actin nucleation. In particular, the WAS protein Scar/WAVE has been shown to exhibit one-to-one correspondence with Rac GTPase. Here we show that Rac and SCAR are recruited to cell wounds in the Drosophila repair model and are required for the proper formation and maintenance of the dynamic actomyosin ring formed at the wound periphery. Interestingly, we find that SCAR is recruited to wounds earlier than Rac and is still recruited to the wound periphery in the presence of a potent Rac inhibitor. We also show that while Rac is important for actin recruitment to the actomyosin ring, SCAR serves to organize the actomyosin ring and facilitate its anchoring to the overlying plasma membrane. These differing spatiotemporal recruitment patterns and wound repair phenotypes highlight the Rac-independent functions of SCAR and provide an exciting new context in which to investigate these newly uncovered SCAR functions.
Confocal LiDAR for remote high-resolution imaging of auto-fluorescence in aquatic media
Authors: Santos Joaquim , Rodrigo Peter John , Petersen Paul Michael , Pedersen Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpatially resolved in situ monitoring of plankton can provide insights on the impacts of climate change on aquatic ecosystems due to their vital role in the biological carbon pump. However, high-resolution underwater imaging is technically complex and restricted to small close-range volumes with current techniques. Here, we report a novel inelastic scanning confocal light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system for remote underwater volumetric imaging of fluorescent objects. A continuous wave excitation beam is combined with a pinhole in a conjugated detection plane to reject out-of-focus scattering and accomplish near-diffraction limited probe volumes. The combination of bi-directional scanning with remote focusing enables the acquisition of three-dimensional data. We experimentally determine the point spread and axial weighting functions, and demonstrate selective volumetric imaging of obstructed layers through spatial filtering. Finally, we spatially resolve in vivo autofluorescence from sub-millimeter Acocyclops royi copepods to demonstrate the applicability of our novel instrument in non-intrusive morphological and spectroscopic studies of aquatic fauna. The proposed system constitutes a unique tool e.g. for profiling chlorophyll distributions and for quantitative studies of zooplankton with reduced interference from intervening scatterers in the water column that degrade the the performance of conventional imaging systems currently in place.
IgG1 and IgG4 antibodies sample initial structure dependent local conformational states and exhibit non-identical Fab dynamics
Authors: Natesan Ramakrishnan , Agrawal Neeraj J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe have investigated the dynamics of two $$\upgamma$$
γ
-immunoglobulin molecules, IgG1 and IgG4, using long all atom molecular dynamics simulations. We first show that the de novo structures of IgG1 and IgG4 predicted using AlphaFold, with no interactions between the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain and the antigen fragment binding domain (Fab), eventually relaxes to a state with persistent Fc–Fab interactions that mirrors experimentally resolved structures. We quantified the conformational space sampled by antibody trajectories spawned from six different initial structures and show that the individual trajectories only sample states bound by a local minimum and display very little mixing in their conformational states. Furthermore, the dynamics of the individual Fab domains are strongly dependent on the initial crystal structure and isotype. In all conditions, we observe non-identical dynamics between the Fab arms in an antibody. For a six-bead coarse grained model, we show that non-covalent Fc–Fab interactions can modulate the stiffnesses associated with Fc–Fab distances, angles, and dihedral angles by up to three orders of magnitude. Our results clearly illustrate the inherent complexities in studying antibody dynamics and highlight the need to include non-identical Fab dynamics as an inherent feature in computational models of therapeutic antibodies.