bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ and students’ perceptions of a sense of community in blended education
Authors: Pei Linlin , Poortman Cindy , Schildkamp Kim , Benes Nieck 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUniversities have renewed interest in blended learning in preparation for post-COVID education. However, unsatisfactory social interactions hinder the quality of blended learning, despite its potential for flexible and personalized learning. In this situation, a sense of community would provide essential academic and social benefits. To develop a sense of community among students, we need to further understand students' and teachers' perceptions concerning this subject by exploring their experiences in blended learning. Therefore, we investigated this for three blended courses using a qualitative case study approach. We conducted: (1) classroom observation; (2) document analysis of course content, assignments, and assessments; and (3) individual interviews with teachers (n = 3) and group interviews with students (n = 18). The results showed the main factors that appeared to contribute to sense of community: group learning activities within courses, non-academic and extracurricular activities across courses, and the campus as a physical place integrating academic and social life after COVID. Further, we identified two obstacles: students valued group learning but struggled to manage group dynamics, and despite teachers' efforts to encourage learning autonomy, students viewed teachers as the ultimate authority in the learning process, which strained the student–teacher relationship. Additionally, this study revealed the limitations that digital tools have for promoting sense of community, as students questioned whether these tools have added value for supporting intricate and in-depth conversations. Finally, based on these findings, we provided practical recommendations for the future development of sense of community in blended learning.
A similarity-based Bayesian mixture-of-experts model
Authors: Zhang Tianfang , Bokrantz Rasmus , Olsson Jimmy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe present a new nonparametric mixture-of-experts model for multivariate regression problems, inspired by the probabilistick-nearest neighbors algorithm. Using a conditionally specified model, predictions for out-of-sample inputs are based on similarities to each observed data point, yielding predictive distributions represented by Gaussian mixtures. Posterior inference is performed on the parameters of the mixture components as well as the distance metric using a mean-field variational Bayes algorithm accompanied with a stochastic gradient-based optimization procedure. The proposed method is especially advantageous in settings where inputs are of relatively high dimension in comparison to the data size, where input–output relationships are complex, and where predictive distributions may be skewed or multimodal. Computational studies on five datasets, of which two are synthetically generated, illustrate clear advantages of our mixture-of-experts method for high-dimensional inputs, outperforming competitor models both in terms of validation metrics and visual inspection.
The morphologization of German noun-participle combinations. A diachronic case study
Authors: Hübener Carlotta J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present paper focuses on the recent history of German noun-participle combinations in which the noun saturates an argument of the base verb. These structures are hybrids between phrases and words, yielding variation in spelling and in the form of the nominal constituent. For instance, the combinationsMitleid erregendvs.mitleidØerregendvs.mitleidserregend‘pitiful’, lit. “pity-arousing” (where Ø represents a zero morpheme) exemplify such variation, which is a (preliminary) result of (ongoing) language change. Therefore, this paper studies how the noun-participle pattern has diachronically evolved between syntax and word formation since the 18th century. Spelling and nominal forms are used as central indicators. For the latter, two approaches based on verb-valency are introduced. Data from the German Text Archive and DWDS core corpus show that over the past 300 years, noun-participle combinations have undergone a process of morphologization: they are increasingly written as a graphemic unit and take nominal forms that are typical of nominal root compounds. Moreover, this study shows that morphologization is partly supported by high token frequencies of individual types. It is argued that the phenomenon is best characterized by assuming a gradient distinction between syntax and word formation.
Surface water load and earthquake stress interactions near the Pirrís reservoir, Costa Rica
Authors: Ruiz-Barajas Sandra , Santoyo Miguel Ángel , Benito-Oterino María Belén , Alvarado-Induni Guillermo Enrique , Climent-Martín Alvaro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study analyzes the relationships between the stress changes produced by the water load variations due to the filling operations at the Pirrís Reservoir, Costa Rica, and the stress changes generated by three relevant earthquakes after the first impoundment. The earthquakes differ in their magnitude, distance from reservoir and depth. Two of them correspond to a shallow crustal faulting, and the third earthquake corresponds to a subduction thrust-fault. The first filling operations began in March 2011 and the daily time history of water levels was available until December 2017. The seismicity has been recorded by a dense local network of seismological stations operating since January 2008. Effects of both types of sources (water loads and earthquakes) were combined to obtain the total Coulomb Failure Stress in the reservoir area, analyzing which of them was dominant in each case and time. We then analyzed the effects of the pore pressure diffusion due to the water loads on the nearby seismicity including two of the studied earthquakes. Results lead to different conclusions depending on the characteristics of each earthquake. An important result is observed after the occurrence of the subduction earthquake, where the coseismic effects become dominant along the entire study area, eclipsing the effect of water loading at all depths. This shows that in a regime stressed by a regional earthquake, albeit of its moderate magnitude, and regional distance, the effect of water loads is barely perceptible. In the absence of tectonic activity, however, the impact of water loading is notable.
FAIR for digital twins
Authors: Peters Diana , Schindler Sirko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe continuing drive towards digitization in manufacturing leads to an increasing number of digital twins for monitoring and controlling all kinds of processes. While these capture crucial data of all individual steps and allow for analysis and optimization, more often than not the underlying models are confined to individual systems or organizations. This hinders data exchange, especially across institutional borders and thus represents an important barrier for economic success. Similar challenges in the scientific community led to the emergence of the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) as guidelines towards a sustainable data landscape. Despite the growing presence within academia, their transfer to industry has not yet received similar attention. We argue that the existing efforts and experiences in science can be exploited to address current data management challenges in industry as well. An improved data exchange within organizations and beyond can not just lower costs, but also opens up new opportunities ranging from discovering new suppliers or partners to improving existing value chains.
Strict $${\mathcal {C}}^p$$-triangulations of sets locally definable in o-minimal structures with an application to a $$\mathcal C^p$$-approximation problem
Authors: Pawłucki Wiesław 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe show how to derive triangulations of sets locally definable in o-minimal structures from triangulations of compact definable sets. We give it in particular for strict $$\mathcal C^p$$

C
p

-triangulations which has been recently studied by the author. This combined with a theorem of Fernando and Ghiloni implies that every continuous mapping defined on a locally compact subset B of $$\mathbb R^m$$

R
m

with values in any locally definable and locally compact subset A of $$\mathbb R^n$$

R
n

can be approximated by $$\mathcal C^p$$

C
p

-mappings defined on B with values in A for any positive integer p.
Using Social Network Sentiment Analysis and Genetic Algorithm to Improve the Stock Prediction Accuracy of the Deep Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Huang Jia-Yen , Tung Chun-Liang , Lin Wei-Zhen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTraditionally, most investment tools used to predict stocks are based on quantitative variables, such as finance and capital flow. With the widespread impact of the Internet, investors and investment institutions designing investment strategies are also referring to online comments and discussions. However, multiple information sources, along with uncertainties accompanying international political and economic events and the recent pandemic, have left investors concerned about information interpretation approaches that could aid investment decision-making. To this end, this study proposes a method that combines social media sentiment, genetic algorithm (GA), and deep learning to predict changes in stock prices. First, it employs a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) combined with machine learning to identify chip-based indicators closely related to fluctuations in stock prices and then uses them as input for long short-term memory (LSTM) to establish a prediction model. Next, this study proposes five sentiment variables to analyze PTT social media on TSMC’s stock price and performs a grey relational analysis (GRA) to identify the sentiment variables most closely related to stock price fluctuations. The sentiment variables are then combined with the selected chip-based indicators as input to build the LSTM prediction model. To improve the efficiency of the LSTM analysis, this study applies the Taguchi method to optimize the hyper-parameters. The results show that the proposed method of using HGA-screened chip-based variables and social media sentiment variables as input to establish an LSTM prediction model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of stock price fluctuations.
“The Country Is on One Leg”: An Analysis of Secondary Educated Youths’ Perceptions of the Risks, Challenges, and Opportunities of the Peacebuilding Process in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kuppens Line , Langer Arnim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWhile youths in Africa are often portrayed as peace spoilers, this view largely overlooks youths who have not (yet) turned to (post-) conflict violence. In order to deepen our understanding of the risks of conflict recurrence and the ways to prevent these risks from materializing, Kuppens and Langer argue that it is crucial to study the perspectives of non-violent youths in post-conflict countries. Through an essay-based study with secondary school pupils in post-conflict Côte d’Ivoire, they show that youths are concerned about issues of security, employment, and reconciliation, and yet, they look generally favorably upon the peace process and their role in it.
Participation and Law’s Authority
Authors: Ṣóyẹmí Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́ 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article argues that despite its claim to be most concerned with the nature of law in the generality of cases, legal positivism’s almost exclusive focus on Anglo-American law has prevented the tradition from adequately answering the question of law’s authority. This article argues that much positivist analysis either ignores, or takes for granted, the participation of the local population in the historical development of any given society’s law and legal system. This failing means that positivism, and much of analytical jurisprudence, does not provide a truly general, non-circular explanation of authority that accounts as equally for post-colonial legal systems as it does for the Anglo-American systems with which positivism has been most concerned. I argue that the conceptual inadequacies in the explanations of law and legitimate authority offered by those such as H.L.A. Hart and Joseph Raz are most clearly exposed by post-colonial cases, such as Nigeria.
Algorithmic Decision-making, Statistical Evidence and the Rule of Law
Authors: Chiao Vincent 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The rapidly increasing role of automation throughout the economy, culture and our personal lives has generated a large literature on the risks of algorithmic decision-making, particularly in high-stakes legal settings. Algorithmic tools are charged with bias, shrouded in secrecy, and frequently difficult to interpret. However, these criticisms have tended to focus on particular implementations, specific predictive techniques, and the idiosyncrasies of the American legal-regulatory regime. They do not address the more fundamental unease about the prospect that we might one day replace judges with algorithms, no matter how fair, transparent, and intelligible they become. The aim of this paper is to propose an account of the source of that unease, and to evaluate its plausibility. I trace foundational unease with algorithmic decision-making in the law to the powerful intuition that there is a basic moral and legal difference between showing that something is true of many people just like you and showing that it is true of you. Human judgment attends to the exception; automation insists on blindly applying the rule. I show how this intuitive thought is connected to both epistemological arguments about the value of statistical evidence, as well as to court-centered conceptions of the rule of law. Unease with algorithmic decision-making in the law thus draws on an intuitive principle that underpins a disparate range of views in legal philosophy. This suggests the principle is deeply ingrained. Nonetheless, I argue that the powerful intuition is not as decisive as it may seem, and indeed runs into significant epistemological and normative challenges. At an epistemological level, I show how concerns about statistical evidence's ability to track the truth can be resolved by adopting a probabilistic, rather than modal, conception of truth-tracking. At a normative level, commitment to highly individualized decision-making co-exists with equally ingrained and competing principles, such as consistent application of law. This suggests that the “rule of law” may not identify a discrete set of institutional arrangements, as proponents of a court-centric conception would have it, but rather a more loosely defined set of values that could potentially be operationalized in multiple ways, including through some level of algorithmic adjudication. Although the prospect of replacing judges with algorithms is indeed unsettling, it does not necessarily entail unreasonable verdicts or an attack on the rule of law.
New lower bounds for matrix multiplication and
Authors: Conner Austin , Harper Alicia , Landsberg J.M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Let

$M_{\langle \mathbf {u},\mathbf {v},\mathbf {w}\rangle }\in \mathbb C^{\mathbf {u}\mathbf {v}}{\mathord { \otimes } } \mathbb C^{\mathbf {v}\mathbf {w}}{\mathord { \otimes } } \mathbb C^{\mathbf {w}\mathbf {u}}$

denote the matrix multiplication tensor (and write

$M_{\langle \mathbf {n} \rangle }=M_{\langle \mathbf {n},\mathbf {n},\mathbf {n}\rangle }$

), and let

$\operatorname {det}_3\in (\mathbb C^9)^{{\mathord { \otimes } } 3}$

denote the determinant polynomial considered as a tensor. For a tensor T, let

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(T)$

denote its border rank. We (i) give the first hand-checkable algebraic proof that

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 2\rangle })=7$

, (ii) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 223\rangle })=10$

and

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 233\rangle })=14$

, where previously the only nontrivial matrix multiplication tensor whose border rank had been determined was

$M_{\langle 2\rangle }$

, (iii) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}( M_{\langle 3\rangle })\geq 17$

, (iv) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(\operatorname {det}_3)=17$

, improving the previous lower bound of

$12$

, (v) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 2\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+1.32\mathbf {n}$

for all

$\mathbf {n}\geq 25$

, where previously only

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 2\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+1$

was known, as well as lower bounds for

$4\leq \mathbf {n}\leq 25$

, and (vi) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 3\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+1.6\mathbf {n}$

for all

$\mathbf {n} \ge 18$

, where previously only

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 3\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+2$

was known. The last two results are significant for two reasons: (i) they are essentially the first nontrivial lower bounds for tensors in an “unbalanced” ambient space and (ii) they demonstrate that the methods we use (border apolarity) may be applied to sequences of tensors.
The methods used to obtain the results are new and “nonnatural” in the sense of Razborov and Rudich, in that the results are obtained via an algorithm that cannot be effectively applied to generic tensors. We utilize a new technique, called border apolarity developed by Buczyńska and Buczyński in the general context of toric varieties. We apply this technique to develop an algorithm that, given a tensor T and an integer r, in a finite number of steps, either outputs that there is no border rank r decomposition for T or produces a list of all normalized ideals which could potentially result from a border rank decomposition. The algorithm is effectively implementable when T has a large symmetry group, in which case it outputs potential decompositions in a natural normal form. The algorithm is based on algebraic geometry and representation theory.
Empire and the Theology of Nature in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, 1760–1825
Authors: Rose Edwin D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFounded in 1760, the Cambridge Botanic Garden was designed to serve the theological interests of the university by developing a collection of living plants from across the globe. Exploring the construction and layout of the garden, its global network, methods of managing information, and the accessibility of the collection during the professorship of Thomas Martyn between 1762 and 1825, this article casts new light on the motivations for founding and managing a botanic garden in Cambridge. It shows how communication structures adapted as the British Empire contracted in the Americas and expanded into Asia and the Pacific, classifying species in the physical garden later inventoried in a series of published catalogues. It suggests that growing interests in natural theology intertwined the university with the expanding British Empire, developing a collection designed to educate students in the influence of divine providence on the vegetable kingdom.
Determination of a steady-state isotope dilution protocol for carbon oxidation studies in the domestic cat
Authors: Pezzali Julia Guazzelli , Lambie Jocelyn G. , Phillips Stuart M. , Shoveller Anna K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to develop an isotope protocol to achieve equilibrium of13CO2in breath of cats during carbon oxidation studies using L-[1-13C]-Phenylalanine (L-[1-13C]-Phe), provided orally in repeated meals. One adult male cat was used in two experiments. In each experiment, three isotope protocols were tested in triplicate using the same cat. During carbon oxidation study days, the cat was offered thirteen small meals to achieve and maintain a physiological fed state. In experiment 1, the isotope protocols tested (A, B and C) had a similar priming dose of NaH13CO3(0⋅176 mg/kg; offered in meal 6), but different priming [4⋅8 mg/kg (A) or 9⋅4 mg/kg (B and C); provided in meal 6] and constant [1⋅04 mg/kg (A and B) or 2⋅4 mg/kg (C); offered in meals 6–13] doses of L-[1-13C]-Phe. In experiment 2, the isotope protocols tested (D, E and F) had similar priming (4⋅8 mg/kg; provided in meal 5) and constant (1⋅04 mg/kg; provided in meals 5–13) doses of L-[1-13C]-Phe, but increasing priming doses of NaH13CO3(D: 0⋅264, E: 0⋅352, F: 0⋅44 mg/kg; provided in meal 4). Breath samples were collected using respiration chambers (25-min intervals) and CO2trapping to determine13CO2:12CO2. Isotopic steady state was defined as the enrichment of13CO2, above background samples, remaining constant in at least the last three samples. Treatment F resulted in the earliest achievement of13CO2steady state in the cat's breath. This feeding and isotope protocol can be used in future studies aiming to study amino acid metabolism in cats.
HYBRID PARTIAL TYPE THEORY
Authors: MANZANO MARÍA , HUERTAS ANTONIA , BLACKBURN PATRICK , MARTINS MANUEL , ARANDA VÍCTOR 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
In this article we define a logical system called Hybrid Partial Type Theory (

$\mathcal {HPTT}$

). The system is obtained by combining William Farmer’s partial type theory with a strong form of hybrid logic. William Farmer’s system is a version of Church’s theory of types which allows terms to be non-denoting; hybrid logic is a version of modal logic in which it is possible to name worlds and evaluate expressions with respect to particular worlds. We motivate this combination of ideas in the introduction, and devote the rest of the article to defining, axiomatising, and proving a completeness result for

$\mathcal {HPTT}$

.
A Network Account of Models in High Energy Physics Experiments
Authors: Karaca Koray 
Published: May 2023

AbstractI propose an account of the model-based structure of the present-day high energy physics experiments in which the relations among the theoretical, experimental and simulation models constitute a non-linear structure that is akin to a network of models (NoM). I argue that while the proposed NoM subsumes Suppes’ hierarchy of models (HoM) as the model-based characterization of the inference leading from the data to the validity or invalidity of the hypothesis tested in an experiment, it involves a model-based characterization of the inference leading from the collision of particles to the acquisition of data, which is missing in Suppes’ HoM.
Evaluating South Africa's Special Economic Zones
Authors: Qumba Mmiselo Freedom 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpecial economic zones (SEZs) can be described as “carved out jurisdictions within the overall jurisdiction of a state in order to introduce different laws and regulations that are usually more trade and investment friendly”. South Africa's SEZs are created under the Special Economic Zones Act 16 of 2014. This article analyses the country's legal framework for SEZs, which legal scholars have thus far only examined from a purely economic perspective. It provides a brief historical overview of industrial development zones, examines the 2014 act and suggests some reforms within the SEZ legislative framework. A comparative analysis is provided by drawing some lessons from BRICS member countries that have a successful record in operationalizing SEZs.