bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovering the heterogeneity and cell fate decisions of endothelial cells after myocardial infarction by single‐cell sequencing
Authors: Long Xinyang , Yan Boteng , Mo Zengnan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe plasticity of endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial for tissue response to injury. Myocardial infarction can profoundly affect EC function, leading to a shift toward mesenchymal differentiation.MethodsWe utilized human single‐nucleus RNA sequencing data to investigate the dynamic changes and cellular interactions between normal and post‐infarction ECs.ResultsWe identified two distinct subpopulations of ECs: A transient subpopulation characterized by short‐term mesenchymal gene expression and a long‐term subpopulation characterized by myocardial gene expression. Trajectory analysis revealed the differentiation pathways and potential roles over time and space. Furthermore, we uncovered the proliferation, differentiation, hypoxic, and inflammatory responses of ECs to injury.ConclusionsOur study provides a comprehensive and detailed characterization of endothelial cell states, highlighting the role of activated endothelial cell subpopulations in promoting inflammation and tissue repair after infarction.
Association of dietary patterns with cognitive function in older people: Results from the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey
Authors: Zheng Haiqing , Li Huixian , Kong Lingcong , Zhang Xueli , Gao Yunfei , Hu Lianting , Shang Xianwen , Liang Huiying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDietary patterns are crucial for maintaining cognitive health among older people and can be modified through lifestyle interventions. We investigated the associations between dietary patterns, changes in these patterns over time, and cognitive function.MethodsThis cohort study utilized data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey conducted between 2005 and 2014. The sample included 7472 participants (mean age: 81.45 ± 10.88 years). Dietary patterns were derived using cluster analysis. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). The relationships between dietary patterns/changes, MMSE scores, changes in MMSE scores, and cognitive impairment were analyzed using the generalized estimating equation method, linear regression, and logistic regression.ResultsCluster analysis identified three major dietary patterns: balanced diet, relatively balanced diet, and unbalanced diet. Mean MMSE scores decreased from 24.71 ± 7.24 in 2005 to 22.22 ± 9.29 in 2008, then increased to 24.10 ± 7.76 in 2014. Participants who adhered to balanced diet patterns exhibited significantly higher MMSE scores (1.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.34, 1.78) than those who followed unbalanced diet patterns. This association was particularly prominent among older individuals, women, individuals with no education, and underweight individuals. Participants with relatively balanced or balanced diets showed a significantly lower risk of cognitive impairment (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.80; OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.53, respectively) than those with unbalanced diets. Transitioning from an unhealthy diet to a healthy diet was associated with a smaller decline in MMSE scores and reduced risk of cognitive impairment.ConclusionsThese findings emphasize the importance of balanced or relatively balanced diets in preserving cognitive health in older individuals. These patterns relate to better MMSE scores and reduced cognitive impairment risk. Shifting from unhealthy to healthy diets is linked to improved MMSE scores and lower cognitive impairment risk. These results underscore the importance of dietary interventions in mitigating cognitive decline in older adults. Further research is warranted to understand the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted strategies for promoting healthy dietary habits in this population.
Long Short‐Term Memory‐Based Multiomics Reveal Lactobacillus casei‐Derived Postbiotics Inhibiting Lipids Digestion via Mediating the Upregulation of α‐Helices in Lipase
Authors: Fan Zibian , Jia Wei 
Published: September 2023

ScopeThe antiobesity function of probiotics has been declared, while the application in high‐risk patients and coding side effect has focused attention to postbiotics. This investigation profiles the mechanism of postbiotics affecting lipid digestion at molecular level, and establishes a momentous foundation for the clinical application of postbiotics in obesity suppression.Methods and resultsAn operational framework for butter digestion is constructed to collect the digests in the intestine at 0, 40, 80, and 120 min with various postbiotics supplement. A total of 227 lipids and 414 metabolites are detected by pseudo‐targeted lipidomics integrated with the long short‐term memory‐based metabolomics, and the triacylglycerol (TG, from 134.1 to 184.7 mg kg−1) and diacylglycerol (DG, from 4.2 to 8.4 mg kg−1) are identified as significantly different lipids with or without postbiotics supplement. A total of eight substances related to the inhibition of gastric lipase and pancreatic lipase are screened through the molecular simulation computation in silicon and enzymatic reaction kinetics, and thus curtailing the bioaccessibility of lipids.ConclusionsLactobacillus casei JCM1134‐derived postbiotics propel the structure of lipase to aggregate by increasing the α‐helix, and thus hampering the digestion of triglycerides through noncompetitive inhibition.
To know is to act? Revisiting the impact of government transparency on corruption
Authors: Schnell Sabina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTransparency is expected to reduce corruption by enabling the public to uncover it and thus hold officials accountable. This assumes citizens care about corruption and have mechanisms for enacting accountability. Yet, paradoxically, transparency has been prescribed as a cure against corruption precisely in contexts where such mechanisms are weak. This article integrates research from different disciplines to better understand when and how transparency reduces corruption. It finds that citizens do react to information about corruption even in countries with weak institutions and wide‐spread corruption, especially if the information is widely shared, corruption is a salient issue, and there are some expectations of sanctions for malfeasance. Furthermore, even partial compliance with transparency policies can make a difference. More research should explore when and why bureaucrats comply with accountability pressures from above and below, how expectations about sanctions are formed and lead to ‘indignation rather than resignation,’ as well what the systemic effects of transparency policies are and how they evolve over time.
Impact of growth hormone on scoliosis
Authors: Zhang Xin‐Kai , Li Xiang , Shi Ming‐Yan , Zhang Man , Wang Pei‐Kang , Yao Hai‐Lun , Tan Xin , Yu Xiang , Shao Yu‐Fei , Liu Xing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGrowth hormone (GH) therapy has been used in patients with growth retardation and short stature due to various reasons. The safety of GH treatment is still debatable, one of which is the occurrence and development of scoliosis. In order to explore the effects of GH on the occurrence or progression of scoliosis, this review summarizes previous studies, summarizes the influence of GH treatment on the pathogenesis and progression of scoliosis, and analyzes the possible mechanism of GH in the pathogenesis and progression of scoliosis. Hopefully, it can provide a direction for future research.
Core concepts in pharmacoepidemiology: Measurement of medication exposure in routinely collected healthcare data for causal inference studies in pharmacoepidemiology
Authors: Thai Thuy N. , Winterstein Almut G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundObservational designs can complement evidence from randomized controlled trials not only in situations when randomization is not feasible, but also by evaluating drug effects in real‐world, considering a broader spectrum of users and clinical scenarios. However, use of such real‐world scenarios captured in routinely collected clinical or administrative data also comes with specific challenges. Unlike in trials, medication use is not protocol based. Instead, exposure is determined by a multitude of factors involving patients, providers, healthcare access, and other policies. Accurate measurement of medication exposure relies on a similar broad set of factors which, if not understood and appropriately addressed, can lead to exposure misclassification and bias.AimTo describe core considerations for measurement of medication exposure in routinely collected healthcare data.MethodsWe describe the strengths and weaknesses of the two main types of routinely collected healthcare data (electronic health records and administrative claims) used in pharmacoepidemiologic research. We introduce key elements in those data sources and issues in the curation process that should be considered when developing exposure definitions. We present challenges in exposure measurement such as the appropriate determination of exposure time windows or the delineation of concomitant medication use versus switching of therapy, and related implications for bias.ResultsWe note that true exposure patterns are typically unknown when using routinely collected healthcare data and that an in‐depth understanding of healthcare delivery, patient and provider decision‐making, data documentation and governance, as well as pharmacology are needed to ensure unbiased approaches to measuring exposure.ConclusionsVarious assumptions are made with the goal that the chosen exposure definition can approximate true exposure. However, the possibility of exposure misclassification remains, and sensitivity analyses that can test the impact of such assumptions on the robustness of estimated medication effects are necessary to support causal inferences.
Intraspecific and interspecific interaction and fitness cost of stink bugs Euschistus heros, Diceraeus melacanthus, and Piezodorus guildinii in soybean
Authors: Santos Thais L. Braga , Baldin Edson L. Lopes , Lima Ana P. Santana , Santana Alisson S. , Santos Maria C. , Silveira Bárbara R. Rodrigues , Bueno Nadia M. , Cabral Isabella R. , Soares Muriel C. Emanoeli , Pinheiro Aline M. , Lourenção André L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe most common pentatomid species in soybean crops are Euschistus heros (F.), Piezodorus guildinii (W.), and Diceraeus melacanthus (D.), causing a significant reduction in yield. It is known that these stink bugs inhabit the reproductive structures of soybeans simultaneously; however, there are few studies addressing their intraguild interactions, as well as aspects of possible competition between them in plants. Thus, the interspecific and intraspecific interactions of these stink bugs were evaluated in laboratory and field conditions, throughout the duration of the instars and adulthood, including longevity, mortality, and the number of eggs per female.RESULTSEuschistus heros had a higher competitive capacity in the interaction with D. melacanthus and P. guildinii, negatively interfering in the abundance or development (duration of instar, fertility, and mortality) of these stink bugs in soybean crops. This interference may act on the natural balance of these insect pests. Mortality of adults in interactions containing E. heros as a competitor or not showed that this species was not affected by the other species under field conditions. In the scenario where D. melacanthus was evaluated, it was observed that the presence of other species caused higher mortality in D. melacanthus. Additionally, higher P. guildiniii mortality was observed in interspecific interactions.CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that E. heros has a greater competitive ability in the soybean crop, followed by D. melacanthus and P. guildinii. Therefore, the results found justified the greater abundance of E. heros and helped to explain the increasing occurrence of D. melacanthus in soybean crops, contributing to new directions for understanding the interaction of the soybean stink bug complex. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Isorhynchophylline improves lipid metabolism disorder by mediating a circadian rhythm gene Bmal1 in spontaneously hypertensive rat
Authors: Zhu Xialin , Hou Qingqing , Zhang Ling , Wang Danyang , Tian Zhenhua , Liu Yuecheng , Wang Yu , Li Yunlun , Jiang Haiqiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHypertension is a progressive metabolic disease characterized by circadian regulation of lipid metabolism disorder. Identifying specific lipid components and maintaining circadian homeostasis of lipid metabolism might be a promising therapeutic strategy for hypertension. Isorhynchophylline (IRP) can regulate lipid metabolism; however, the underlying mechanism of IRP in improving lipid metabolism rhythm disorder is still unclear. The lipid circadian biomarkers and abnormal metabolic pathways intervened by IRP were investigated using diurnal lipidomic research methods. The 24‐h circadian changes in mRNA and protein expression levels of circadian genes, including Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, and Per2, and lipid metabolism‐related factors (PPARα and LPL) were determined using RT‐PCR and western blot analyses, respectively. The underlying mechanisms were intensively investigated by inhibiting Bmal1. Molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability analyses were performed to assess the binding affinity of IRP and Bmal1. IRP treatment could effectively improve 24‐h blood pressure, ameliorate the lipid metabolic rhythm disorder, reverse the expression levels of circadian rhythm genes, and regulate lipid metabolism‐related genes (PPARα and LPL) by mediating Bmal1. This study highlighted the potential effects of IRP in maintaining the circadian homeostasis of lipid metabolism and the treatment of hypertension.
Sources of predictability of synoptic‐scale rainfall during the West African summer monsoon
Authors: Rasheeda Satheesh Athul , Knippertz Peter , Fink Andreas H. , Walz Eva‐Maria , Gneiting Tilmann 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical‐model‐based forecasts of precipitation exhibit poor skill over northern tropical Africa when compared with climatology‐based forecasts and with other tropical regions. However, as recently demonstrated, purely data‐driven forecasts based on spatio‐temporal dependences inferred from gridded satellite rainfall estimates show promise for the prediction of the 24‐hr precipitation occurrence rate in this region. The present work explores this potential further by advancing the statistical model and providing meteorological interpretations of the performance results. Advances include (a) the use of a recently developed correlation metric, the Coefficient of Predictive Ability (CPA), to identify predictors, (b) forecast evaluation with robust reliability diagrams and score decompositions, (c) a study domain over tropical Africa nested in a considerably enlarged spatio‐temporal domain to identify coherent propagating features, and (d) the introduction of a novel coherent‐linear‐propagation factor to quantify the coherence of propagating signals. The statistical forecast is compared with a climatology‐based benchmark, the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational ensemble forecast, and a statistically postprocessed ensemble forecast. All methods show poor skill within the main rainbelt over northern tropical Africa, where differences in Brier scores between the different approaches are hardly statistically significant. However, the data‐driven forecast outperforms the other methods along the fringes of the rainbelt, where meridional rainfall gradients are large. The coherent‐linear‐propagation factor, in concert with metrics of convective available potential energy and convective instability, reveals that high stochasticity in the rainbelt limits predictability. At the fringes of the rainbelt, the data‐driven approach leverages coherent precipitation features associated with propagating tropical weather systems such as African Easterly Waves.
Undiagnosed dyspnea with pulmonary nodule
Authors: Tsou Cheng‐Hsien , Chiu Hwa‐Yen 
Published: September 2023

Key messagePhysicians should remain vigilant about alternative causes of shortness of breath even when respiratory diseases are being effectively treated. The lateral view of chest radiography can be valuable in discerning the three‐dimensional characteristics of pulmonary abnormalities.
A case of pulmonary nocardiosis with Nocardia brasiliensis spread from a post‐traumatic cutaneous infection in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Iwabayashi Masaaki , Takiguchi Junji , Tomioka Hiromi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNocardia is an aerobic Gram‐positive bacterium found in the environment, including soil and water. Nocardia brasiliensis is reportedly associated with cutaneous infections, and disseminated disease is typically detected in immunocompromised individuals. We present a rare case of disseminated nocardiosis with N. brasiliensis in an immunocompetent patient. An 82‐year‐old male, who had a left elbow injury 2 months prior to the first visit, presented with bilateral multiple lung nodules. N. brasiliensis was identified in both sputum and pus specimens, we concluded that the N. brasiliensis had spread from the primary cutaneous lesion. The patient was treated with antibiotics and had a favourable clinical course. As the present case report demonstrates, disseminated nocardiosis caused by this species can progress from a primary cutaneous lesion even in immunocompetent individuals, if the initiation of appropriate treatment is delayed. Therefore, careful evaluation is warranted when Nocardia species are detected.
Identification the Role of Grain Boundaries in Polycrystalline Photovoltaics via Advanced Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Yanyan , Wang Xu , Shafique Shareen , Zheng Fei , Huang Like , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Jing , Zhu Yuejin , Xiao Chuanxiao , Hu Ziyang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAtomicforce microscopy (AFM)‐based scanning probing techniques, including Kelvinprobe force microscopy (KPFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM), have been widely applied to investigate thelocal electromagnetic, physical, or molecular characteristics of functional materials on a microscopic scale. The microscopic inhomogeneities of the electronic properties of polycrystalline photovoltaic materials can be examined by these advanced AFM techniques, which bridge the local properties of materials to overall device performance and guide the optimization of the photovoltaic devices. In this review, the critical roles of local optoelectronic heterogeneities, especially at grain interiors (GIs) and grain boundaries (GBs) of polycrystalline photovoltaic materials, including versatile polycrystalline silicon, inorganic compound materials, and emerging halide perovskites, studied by KPFM and C‐AFM, are systematically identified. How the band alignment and electrical properties of GIs and GBs affect the carrier transport behavior are discussed from the respective of photovoltaic research. Further exploiting the potential of such AFM‐based techniques upon a summary of their up‐to‐date applications in polycrystalline photovoltaic materials is beneficial to acomprehensive understanding of the design and manipulation principles of thenovel solar cells and facilitating the development of the next‐generation photovoltaics and optoelectronics.
Electrical Conductivity Boost: In Situ Polypyrrole Polymerization in Monolithically Integrated Surface‐Supported Metal‐Organic Framework Templates
Authors: Vello Tatiana Parra , Albano Luiz Gustavo Simão , dos Santos Thamiris Cescon , Colletti Julia Cantovitz , Santos Batista Carlos Vinícius , Leme Vitória Fernandes Cintra , dos Santos Thamiris Costa , Miguel Maria Paula Dias Carneiro , de Camargo Davi Henrique Starnini , Bof Bufon Carlos César 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent progress in synthesizing and integrating surface‐supported metal‐organic frameworks (SURMOFs) has highlighted their potential in developing hybrid electronic devices with exceptional mechanical flexibility, film processability, and cost‐effectiveness. However, the low electrical conductivity of SURMOFs has limited their use in devices. To address this, researchers have utilized the porosity of SURMOFs to enhance electrical conductivity by incorporating conductive materials. This study introduces a method to improve the electrical conductivity of HKUST‐1 templates by in situ polymerization of conductive polypyrrole (PPy) chains within the SURMOF pores (named as PPy@HKUST‐1). Nanomembrane‐origami technology is employed for integration, allowing a rolled‐up metallic nanomembrane to contact the HKUST‐1 films without causing damage. After a 24 h loading period, the electrical conductivity at room temperature reaches approximately 5.10−6 S m−1. The nanomembrane‐based contact enables reliable electrical characterization even at low temperatures. Key parameters of PPy@HKUST‐1 films, such as trap barrier height, dielectric constant, and tunneling barrier height, are determined using established conduction mechanisms. These findings represent a significant advancement in real‐time control of SURMOF conductivity, opening pathways for innovative electronic‐optoelectronic device development. This study demonstrates the potential of SURMOFs to revolutionize hybrid electronic devices by enhancing electrical conductivity through intelligent integration strategies.
Velocity‐Switched Droplet Rebound Direction on Anisotropic Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Li Peiliu , Zhan Fei , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDroplet well‐controlled directional motion being an essential function has attracted much interest in academic and industrial applications, such as self‐cleaning, micro‐/nano‐electro‐mechanical systems, drug delivery, and heat‐transferring. Conventional understanding has it that a droplet impacted on an anisotropic surface tends to bounce along the microstructural direction, which is mainly dictated by surface properties rather than initial conditions. In contrast to previous findings, it demonstrates that the direction of a droplet's rebound on an anisotropic surface can be switched by designing the initial impacting velocity. With an increase in impacting height from 2 to 10 cm, the droplet successively shows a backward, vertical, and forward motion on anisotropic surfaces. Theoretical demonstrations establish that the transition of droplet bouncing on the anisotropic surface is related to its dynamic wettability during impacting process. Characterized by the liquid‐solid interaction, it is demonstrated that the contact state at small and large impacting heights induces an opposite resultant force in microstructures. Furthermore, energy balance analysis reveals that the energy conversion efficiency of backward motion is almost three times as that of traditional bouncing. This work, including experiments, theoretical models, and energy balance analysis provides insight view in droplet motions on the anisotropic surfaces and opens a new way for the droplet transport.