bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Black Hole Accretion with Saturated Magnetic Pressure and Disk Wind
Authors: Huang Jiahui , Feng Hua , Gu Wei-Min , Wu Wen-Biao 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We construct an analytical black hole accretion disk model that incorporates both magnetic pressure and disk wind, which are found to be important from numerical simulations. A saturated magnetic pressure that relates the Alfvén velocity with local Keplerian velocity and gas sound speed is assumed in addition to radiation and gas pressures. The mass accretion rate is assumed to have a power-law form in response to mass loss in the wind. We find three sets of self-consistent solutions that are thermally stable and satisfy the model assumptions. At high accretion rates, the disk is geometrically and optically thick, resembling the slim disk solution. At relatively low accretion rates, our model predicts an accretion flow consisting of a geometrically thin and optically thick outer disk (similar to the standard disk), and a geometrically thick and optically thin inner disk (similar to the advection-dominated accretion flow, or ADAF). Thus, this is a natural solution for a truncated disk connected with an inner ADAF, which has been proposed to explain some observations. The magnetic pressure plays a more important role than the outflow in shaping the disk structure. The observed disk luminosity tends to saturate around 8 times the Eddington limit, suggesting that supercritical accretion onto black holes can be used for a black hole mass estimate, or a standard candle with known black hole masses.
Target Selection and Sample Characterization for the DESI LOW-Z Secondary Target Program
Authors: Darragh-Ford Elise , Wu John F. , Mao Yao-Yuan , Wechsler Risa H. , Geha Marla , Forero-Romero Jaime E. , Hahn ChangHoon , Kallivayalil Nitya , Moustakas John , Nadler Ethan O. , Nowotka Marta , Peek J. E. G. , Tollerud Erik J. , Weiner Benjamin , Aguilar J. , Ahlen S. , Brooks D. , Cooper A. P. , de la Macorra A. , Dey A. , Fanning K. , Font-Ribera A. , Gontcho A Gontcho S. , Honscheid K. , Kisner T. , Kremin Anthony , Landriau M. , Levi Michael E. , Martini P. , Meisner Aaron M. , Miquel R. , Myers Adam D. , Nie Jundan , Palanque-Delabrouille N. , Percival W. J. , Prada F. , Schlegel D. , Schubnell M. , Tarlé Gregory , Vargas-Magaña M. , Zhou Zhimin , Zou H. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We introduce the DESI LOW-Z Secondary Target Survey, which combines the wide-area capabilities of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) with an efficient, low-redshift target selection method. Our selection consists of a set of color and surface brightness cuts, combined with modern machine-learning methods, to target low-redshift dwarf galaxies (z < 0.03) between 19 < r < 21 with high completeness. We employ a convolutional neural network (CNN) to select high-priority targets. The LOW-Z survey has already obtained over 22,000 redshifts of dwarf galaxies (M
* < 109
M
⊙), comparable to the number of dwarf galaxies discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR8 and GAMA. As a spare fiber survey, LOW-Z currently receives fiber allocation for just ∼50% of its targets. However, we estimate that our selection is highly complete: for galaxies at z < 0.03 within our magnitude limits, we achieve better than 95% completeness with ∼1% efficiency using catalog-level photometric cuts. We also demonstrate that our CNN selections z < 0.03 galaxies from the photometric cuts subsample at least 10 times more efficiently while maintaining high completeness. The full 5 yr DESI program will expand the LOW-Z sample, densely mapping the low-redshift Universe, providing an unprecedented sample of dwarf galaxies, and providing critical information about how to pursue effective and efficient low-redshift surveys.
ALMA 0.5 kpc Resolution Spatially Resolved Investigations of Nuclear Dense Molecular Gas Properties in Nearby Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Based on HCN and HCO+ Three Transition Line Data
Authors: Imanishi 今西 Masatoshi 昌俊 , Baba 馬場 Shunsuke 俊介 , Nakanishi 中西 Kouichiro 康一郎 , Izumi 泉 Takuma 拓磨 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present the results of our ALMA ≲0.5 kpc resolution dense molecular line (HCN and HCO+
J = 2–1, J = 3–2, and J = 4–3) observations of 12 nearby (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ([U]LIRGs). After matching beam sizes of all molecular line data to the same values in all (U)LIRGs, we derive molecular line flux ratios by extracting spectra in the central 0.5, 1, and 2 kpc circular regions and in 0.5–1 and 1–2 kpc annular regions. Based on non–local thermal equilibrium model calculations, we quantitatively confirm that the innermost (≲0.5 kpc) molecular gas is very dense (≳105 cm−3) and warm (≳300 K) in ULIRGs, and that in one LIRG, it is also modestly dense (104–5 cm−3) and warm (∼100 K). We then investigate the spatial variation of the HCN-to-HCO+ flux ratios and high-J to low-J flux ratios of HCN and HCO+. A subtle sign of a decreasing trend in these ratios from the innermost (≲0.5 kpc) to the outer nuclear (0.5–2 kpc) region is discernible in a significant fraction of the observed ULIRGs. For two ULIRGS hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN), which display the trend most clearly, we find based on a Bayesian approach that the HCN-to-HCO+ abundance ratio and gas kinetic temperature systematically increase from the outer nuclear to the innermost region. We suggest that this trend comes from potential AGN effects because no such spatial variation is found in a starburst-dominated LIRG.
The Role of Pickup Ions in the Interaction of the Solar Wind with the Local Interstellar Medium. I. Importance of Kinetic Processes at the Heliospheric Termination Shock
Authors: Bera R. K. , Fraternale F. , Pogorelov N. V. , Roytershteyn V. , Gedalin M. , McComas D. J. , Zank G. P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The role of pickup ions (PUIs) in the solar wind interaction with the local interstellar medium is investigated with 3D, multifluid simulations. The flow of the mixture of all charged particles is described by the ideal MHD equations, with the source terms responsible for charge exchange between ions and neutral atoms. The thermodynamically distinct populations of neutrals are governed by individual sets of gas dynamics Euler equations. PUIs are treated as a separate, comoving fluid. Because the anisotropic behavior of PUIs at the heliospheric termination shocks is not described by the standard conservation laws (a.k.a. the Rankine–Hugoniot relations), we derived boundary conditions for them, which are obtained from the dedicated kinetic simulations of collisionless shocks. It is demonstrated that this approach to treating PUIs makes the computation results more consistent with observational data. In particular, the PUI pressure in the inner heliosheath (IHS) becomes higher by ∼40%–50% in the new model, as compared with the solutions where no special boundary conditions are applied. Hotter PUIs eventually lead to charge-exchange-driven cooling of the IHS plasma, which reduces the IHS width by ∼15% (∼8–10 au) in the upwind direction, and even more in the other directions. The density of secondary neutral atoms born in the IHS decreases by ∼30%, while their temperature increases by ∼60%. Simulation results are validated with New Horizons data at distances between 11 and 47 au.
Estimators of Bolometric Luminosity and Black Hole Mass with Mid-infrared Continuum Luminosities for Dust-obscured Quasars: Prevalence of Dust-obscured SDSS Quasars
Authors: Kim Dohyeong , Im Myungshin , Kim Minjin , Kim Yongjung , Shin Suhyun , Shim Hyunjin , Song Hyunmi 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We present bolometric luminosity (L
bol) and black hole (BH) mass (M
BH) estimators based on mid-infrared (MIR) continuum luminosity (hereafter, L
MIR) that are measured from infrared (IR) photometric data. The L
MIR-based estimators are relatively immune from dust extinction effects, hence they can be used for dust-obscured quasars. To derive the L
bol and M
BH estimators, we use unobscured quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar catalog, which have wide ranges of L
bol (1044.62–1046.16 erg s−1) and M
BH (107.14–109.69
M
⊙). We find empirical relations between (i) continuum luminosity at 5100 Å (hereafter, L5100) and L
MIR; (ii) L
bol and L
MIR. Using these relations, we derive the L
MIR-based L
bol and M
BH estimators. We find that our estimators allow the determination of L
bol and M
BH at an accuracy of ∼0.2 dex against the fiducial estimates based on the optical properties of the unobscured quasars. We apply the L
MIR-based estimators to SDSS quasars at z ≲ 0.5 including obscured ones. The ratios of L
bol from the L
MIR-based estimators to those from the optical luminosity-based estimators become larger with the amount of the dust extinction, and a non-negligible fraction (∼15%) of the SDSS quasars exhibits ratios greater than 1.5. This result suggests that dust extinction can significantly affect physical parameter derivations even for SDSS quasars, and that dust extinction needs to be carefully taken into account when deriving quasar properties.
Psoriatic Arthritis and COVID-19: Patient Perspectives in a Large Psoriatic Arthritis Cohort
Authors: Pirouzmand Neda , Pereira Daniel , Sutton Mitchell , Mathew Ashish J. , Chandran Vinod , Gladman Dafna D. 
Published: September 2023

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), understand patients’ perspectives regarding their risk of COVID-19 infection, and evaluate the standard of virtual care offered during the early phases of the pandemic.MethodsAn online survey was conducted between June 2021 and September 2021 in patients with PsA who had consented to email contact. The survey was completed by 152/193 (79%) patients who had consented to the study.ResultsThere were 86 (56.6%) men and 66 (43.4%) women with a mean age of 58 years and mean disease duration of 19 years. During the pandemic, the mean patient-reported symptom severity was 4.10, 3.24, and 3.72 for joint, skin, and overall symptom severity, respectively. Seventy-four percent of respondents would accept the effect of their PsA over the past month for the next few months. Of 79 patients who were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, 4 tested positive. All 4 were admitted to hospital; 2 required oxygen. One hundred fifty-one patients (99%) had received at least 1 vaccine dose. Fifty-nine (38.8%) participants believed their PsA medications increased their COVID-19 infection risk. Of the 130 patients who had a telemedicine assessment, 83.1% were happy with their virtual consultations. Most were happy to continue with virtual consultations until the pandemic resolved. The average satisfaction level regarding pandemic care was 7.87 on a sliding 10-point scale.ConclusionCOVID-19 prevalence was low among our patients. Patients were satisfied with their care during the pandemic. Most patients would happily continue with virtual care for the duration of the pandemic.
Factors Associated With Initiation of Mechanical Ventilation in Patients With Sepsis: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Freundlich Robert E. , Li Gen , Leis Aleda , Engoren Milo 
Published: September 2023

Background
Patients with sepsis are at risk for mechanical ventilation. This study aimed to identify risk factors for initiation of mechanical ventilation in patients with sepsis and assess whether these factors varied with time.

Methods
Data from the electronic health record were used to model risk factors for initiation of mechanical ventilation after the onset of sepsis. A time-varying Cox model was used to study factors that varied with time.

Results
Of 35 020 patients who met sepsis criteria, 28 747 were eligible for inclusion. Mechanical ventilation was initiated within 30 days after sepsis onset in 3891 patients (13.5%). Factors that were independently associated with increased likelihood of receipt of mechanical ventilation were race (White: adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.59; 95% CI, 1.39-1.83; other/unknown: adjusted HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.54-2.52), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (adjusted HR [per point], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.17-1.28), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (adjusted HR [per point], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.26-1.31), and congestive heart failure (adjusted HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17-1.45). Hazard ratios decreased with time for Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and congestive heart failure and varied with time for 4 comorbidities and 3 culture results.

Conclusions
The risk for mechanical ventilation associated with different factors varied with time after sepsis onset, increasing for some factors and decreasing for others. Through a better understanding of risk factors for initiation of mechanical ventilation in patients with sepsis, targeted interventions may be tailored to high-risk patients.
Serum Aldosterone in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology in Girandurukotte and Wilgamuwa, Sri Lanka
Authors: Fernando B. N. T. , Hettiarachchi T. W. , Sudeshika T. , Badurdeen Z. , Erandika N. , Nanayakkara N. 
Published: September 2023

The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) is the main regulator of body fluid and electrolyte balance in the human body. Features of RAAS activation, such as hypertension and fluid retention, are not apparent in some categories of CKD-like tubular interstitial diseases. The beneficial effects of RAAS blockers are controversial if not activated. This study was conducted to identify the features of RAAS activation in CKDu and to evaluate the representativeness of Aldosterone as a marker of activation. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 definite CKDu patients at the renal clinics in Girandurukotte and Wilgamuwa, Sri Lanka. The basic biochemical parameters, serum electrolytes, and osmolality were measured by using serum and urine samples of the participants. Statistical analysis was performed in IBM SPSS statistics version 23. Only 4.4% and 6.7% of study subjects had increased serum Aldosterone and serum Angiotensin II. There was a significant positive correlation between serum Aldosterone with serum creatinine (r=0.477, p<0.01) and Angiotensin II (r=0.379, p<0.01). Inversely, it was negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.353, p<0.01). Moreover, serum aldosterone had a significant elevation in the late stages (p=0.024) than early stages and was significantly associated with proteinuria (p=0.032). Results showed no indications of activated RAAS in patients with the diagnosis of definite CKDu. A significant number of the population had hypernatremia which is positively correlated with hyperosmolality, indicating dehydration. The possibility of subclinical dehydration that may have an effect with faster progression.
The applicability of the Polluter Pays Principle in the field of nuclear energy in the EU
Authors: Veuchelen Ludo 
Published: September 2023

This article will examine whether the Polluter Pays Principle is formulated and applied in EU versus nuclear (Euratom) law and what consequences such application could have for the EU Member Countries, e.g., when deciding on new nuclear projects or life time extension of nuclear installations.
The ECJ had already clearly accepted the Polluter Pays Principle’s function of internalization of all environmental costs. It is crystal clear that EU Institutions are required to apply the PPP, together with the Precautionary and the Proportionality Principles. The application of the PPP in the nuclear field has been emphasized in an EU Commission Recommendation of 24 October 2006.
On the other hand, with Council Directive 2011/70/EURATOM of 19 July 2011, a Community framework for the responsible and safe management of spent fuel and radioactive waste was launched. In its Article 5(1) the duty to establish and maintain a national framework was formulated, but no mention is made of the application of the PPP, not in this Directive nor in the national reports and the EU follow up reports. The terminology used therein, ‘adequate financial resources’, falls short of an unambiguous adherence to the Polluter Pays Principle. The PPP should hold that ALL costs for decommissioning, waste conditioning and final disposal should be carried by the polluter. A cap on the nuclear waste costs as decided in Belgium seems to be in full contradiction with the earlier decisions of the ECJ and with the EU Commission’s Recommendation of 2006. Furthermore, the EU General Environmental Principles are made applicable to the nuclear energy sector by the ECJ in the Hinkley Point C case. As argued in the present article, the Polluter Pays Principle will be a heavy burden to bring the EU legal acquis in line with all the uncertainties on the costs of closing the cycle of nuclear energy production. Accepting a ‘cap’ on the nuclear waste costs leaves a blank cheque for later generations, which is not only against the Polluter Pays Principle, but is also completely in contradiction with the EU Green Deal regarding fair competition in the field of energy production and limiting the effect of subsidies for costs which have to be borne by the nuclear waste producers.
TOEIC-READINESS AND TOEIC MOCK TESTS: MEASURING CIVIL AVIATION POLYTECHNIC OF SURABAYA CADETS’ PREPAREDNESS FOR TOEIC TEST
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati , ROCHMAWATI LAILA , Maharani S Meita 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) has been widely used as a reference for Indonesian aviation cadets’ English communication skills in the workplace. The present study aimed at examining cadets’ TOEIC-Readiness and TOEIC MOCK results to unravel their preparedness in doing the TOEIC test. There were 168 cadets chosen purposively based on their education grades and seven study programs at Civil Aviation Polytechnic of Surabaya. The study used a cross-sectional survey research design with a quantitative research approach. The instruments included a questionnaire of TOEIC-readiness and a TOEIC mock test Listening-Reading. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistical test and paired-sample t-test. Results showed that most cadets’ final TOEIC readiness was in the very high category and the majority of their TOEIC Mock test results were in the intermediate to advanced working proficiency levels (scores: 400 - 990). The cadets’ TOEIC readiness and mock test results showed a strong positive relationship, thus, the better their readiness, the higher the TOEIC score achieved (r = .785; p = .000, N = 168). The present study implied that lecturers must know their students’ readiness before determining effective TOEIC training.

Keywords: TOEIC-Readiness test, TOEIC MOCK test, Aviation cadets
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH LEARNING STYLES
Authors: Putra Iwansyah , Agus Furyanto Faoyan , Islamiah Neneng 
Published: September 2023

Writing is an extremely complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required to demonstrate control of variables simultaneously. This research aimed to investigate whether there was a significant difference of students’ writing achievement before and after being taught through students’ learning style. Since the students of Islamic Senior High School in Sekayu still found it very difficult to do. The sample of the research was eleventh grade student. The research was conducted by applying quasi-experimental factorial research. Non-randomized sampling technique was applied in this research. Modality Test Questioners from Neil Fleming was applied to determine students’ learning styles. The sample was 62 students of science students. In terms of pretest – posttest non- equivalent group design. The Mean of posttest’s score was higher than pre-test. It means that there is an increase of students’ writing’s achievement after being taught through their styles in learning.
Writing is an extremely complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required to demonstrate control of variables simultaneously. This research aimed to investigate whether there was a significant difference of students’ writing achievement before and after being taught through students’ learning style. Since the students of Islamic Senior High School in Sekayu still found it very difficult to do. The sample of the research was eleventh grade student. The research was conducted by applying quasi-experimental factorial research. Non-randomized sampling technique was applied in this research. Modality Test Questioners from Neil Fleming was applied to determine students’ learning styles. The sample was 62 students of science students. In terms of pretest – posttest non- equivalent group design. The Mean of posttest’s score was higher than pre-test. It means that there is an increase of students’ writing’s achievement after being taught through their styles in learning.
Hajj as an Element of Spatial Mobility of the Muslim Population of Siberia in the Context of the State‑Confessional Policy of the Russian Empire in the Second Half of the 19th to Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Dashkovskiy Petr K. , Shershneva Elena A. 
Published: September 2023

Hajj represents one of the most significant events in the life of the Muslim community. In the Russian Empire where Islam had become the second largest denomination in terms of the followers by the beginning of the 20th century, the Hajj transitioned from being a purely religious phenomenon to acquiring a certain political significance too. It was through this pilgrimage that Russian citizens professing Islam established relationships with their coreligionists from abroad.
The aim of this study is to trace the degree of participation of Siberian Muslims in this process during the second half of the 19th to early 20th centuries and to assess their ability to perform the Hajj. Relying on archival materials, the authors demonstrate the importance of the process of organizing the Hajj and the participation of Muslims from the Russian Empire. The research revealed that Siberian Muslims were relatively minimally involved in the Hajj for several reasons. Firstly, a portion of the Muslims in Siberia had the status of exiles, which limited their movement both abroad and within the country. Secondly, the remoteness of the territory from the main sanitary checkpoints also discouraged potential pilgrims. In light of these circumstances, a phenomenon known as the “small hajj,” i.e., visiting holy places in Central Asia, became common among Siberian Muslims. The administrative challenges associated with performing the Hajj led many Muslims from various regions of the Russian Empire, including Siberia, to partake in pilgrimages illegally.
This article may be of interest to religious scholars, historians, ethnographers, as well as a broad readership interested in the issues of state-confessional policy in the Russian Empire.