bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Preclassic military macaw (Ara militaris) from the Cueva de Avendaños (Chihuahua, Mexico) was not locally procured
Authors: Cruz J. Alberto , Corona‐M Eduardo , Gallaga‐Murrieta Emiliano 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe oldest macaw specimen in Pre‐Hispanic Mexico and the southwestern United States was recovered in Cueva de Avendaños, Chihuahua, Mexico, at the base of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It dates to the Late Archaic/Early Agricultural period (1929–2057 cal BP). The head is the only preserved element of the macaw and it was mummified through natural causes. Research on this specimen examines its sex identification and its geographical range, questioning whether this specimen belongs to a local population living in the vicinity of the cave. A species distribution model over the last 2000 years was elaborated to ascertain the presence of military macaw in the study area. Our results show that the macaw was non‐local, sustaining the idea that the practice of early animal husbandry existed in the early stages of the Pre‐Hispanic world, and also suggest that a significant and rapid climate changes characterized the Holocene, affecting the military macaw's distributional range.
Metabolic shift underlies tumor progression and immune evasion in S‐nitrosoglutathione reductase‐deficient cancer
Authors: Mena‐Osuna Rafael , Mantrana Ana , Guil‐Luna Silvia , Sánchez‐Montero María Teresa , Navarrete‐Sirvent Carmen , Morales‐Ruiz Teresa , Rivas‐Crespo Aurora , Toledano‐Fonseca Marta , García‐Ortíz María Victoria , García‐Jurado Gema , Gómez‐España María Auxiliadora , González‐Fernández Rafael , Villar Carlos , Medina‐Fernández Francisco Javier , Villalba José Manuel , Aranda Enrique , Rodríguez‐Ariza Antonio 
Published: April 2023

AbstractS‐nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a denitrosylase enzyme that has been suggested to play a tumor suppressor role, although the mechanisms responsible are still largely unclear. In this study, we show that GSNOR deficiency in tumors is associated with poor prognostic histopathological features and poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). GSNOR‐low tumors were characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment with exclusion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Notably, GSNOR‐low tumors exhibited an immune evasive proteomic signature along with an altered energy metabolism characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and energetic dependence on glycolytic activity. CRISPR‐Cas9‐mediated generation of GSNOR gene knockout (KO) CRC cells confirmed in vitro and in vivo that GSNOR‐deficiency conferred higher tumorigenic and tumor‐initiating capacities. Moreover, GSNOR‐KO cells possessed enhanced immune evasive properties and resistance to immunotherapy, as revealed following xenografting them into humanized mouse models. Importantly, GSNOR‐KO cells were characterized by a metabolic shift from OXPHOS to glycolysis to produce energy, as indicated by increased lactate secretion, higher sensitivity to 2‐deoxyglucose (2DG), and a fragmented mitochondrial network. Real‐time metabolic analysis revealed that GSNOR‐KO cells operated close to their maximal glycolytic rate, as a compensation for lower OXPHOS levels, explaining their higher sensitivity to 2DG. Remarkably, this higher susceptibility to glycolysis inhibition with 2DG was validated in patient‐derived xenografts and organoids from clinical GSNOR‐low tumors. In conclusion, our data support the idea that metabolic reprogramming induced by GSNOR deficiency is an important mechanism for tumor progression and immune evasion in CRC and that the metabolic vulnerabilities associated with the deficiency of this denitrosylase can be exploited therapeutically. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Cellular localisation and quantification of Camptothecin in different plant parts of Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) Mabberley of Sri Lankan origin
Authors: Degambada Kamalapani Darshani , Peramune Arachchilage Amila Saman Prasad Kumara , Salim Nazeera , Chandrika Udumalagala Gamage , Abeysekera Ajita Mahendra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionNothapodytes nimmoniana (Icacinaceae) is a rich source of Camptothecin (CPT), an anti‐cancer prodrug. Efficient extraction of CPT from various plant parts is crucial for better recovery of this pre‐drug.ObjectivesTo investigate the distribution of CPT in plant parts and to compare the methods of extraction on CPT yield to evaluate how cellular localisation affects the efficiency of extraction methods.MethodsTransverse sections of plant parts were observed under a ultraviolet (UV)‐fluorescence microscope for the fluorescence that the CPT molecule emits when exposed to UV radiation. Dried plant parts were extracted using 90% methanol with ultrasonic assistance, hot ethanol (61% ethanol at 60°C), and chloroform–methanol (4:1, v/v). The CPT in plant parts were detected by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and confirmed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Quantification was carried out by HPLC.ResultsBlue fluorescence indicated a prominent accumulation of CPT in roots compared to leaf with petiole, twigs, and stembark. This accumulation was observed in upper and lower epidermis of the leaf, isolated strands of fibres in the phloem in the petiole, and groups of idioblast cells in the cortex. The ultrasonic‐assisted extraction with 90% methanol showed the highest CPT yield in the root (1.91 ± 0.02 mg/g of dry weight), followed by stembark and the least in leaves [0.02 ± 0.01 mg/g (dry weight)] irrespective of the method of extraction. However, hot ethanol extraction gave the highest CPT yield for twig and leaf, indicating the necessity of tissue‐specific extraction methods for better recovery of CPT.
Inversion model for mechanical status of longitudinal joints in shield tunnel
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Qi Lizhi , Zhou Shunhua , Tian Zhiyao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe mechanical status of longitudinal joints in shield tunnel during operation is an important index for structural evaluation. For most of the tunnels that are not pre‐embedded with monitoring elements, only a few indicators can be measured directly during daily inspections. To comprehensively evaluate the deformation and mechanical status of the tunnel, an inversion model of the longitudinal joints, which is based on the measured convergence deformation of the shield tunnel, is proposed. First, the joint rotation deformation is determined using the successive rotation method. Then, the internal force of the joint is obtained based on the joint deformation. The two steps of the model are coupled with the iterative process for obtaining the accurate position of the joint neutral axis. The proposed model is verified by full‐scale ring test. It provides a new approach for obtaining the tunnel mechanical status and thus lays a theoretical foundation for decision‐making with regard to tunnel maintenance.
Point of Interest Recommendation Method Based on Bidirectional Matrix and Deep Belief Network
Authors: Xu Wenqian , Yi Huawei , Song Jie , Li Xiaohui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPoint‐of‐interest (POI) recommendation has always faced serious data sparsity problem. Most of the existing POI recommendation methods do not consider the bidirectional relationship between the user‐preference for locations and the location‐ attractiveness to users in the original dataset when solving the sparsity. For this problem, a point‐of‐interest recommendation method based on bidirectional matrix and deep belief network (POI_DBNBM) is proposed in this paper. Specially, from the perspectives of users and locations, we first construct two different matrices with bidirectional relationship by mapping the original dataset, and we use deep belief network (DBN) with strong learning ability to predict the two matrices. Then, a local–global weight optimization method is developed to weight and fuse the two result matrices obtained by DBN, so as to achieve the more precise user's rating prediction matrix for locations. The abundant experimental studies and evaluations are conducted on FourSquare dataset. Results are encouraging and better than those previously reported on the dataset. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Boosted dark matter from primordial black holes produced in a first-order phase transition
Authors: Marfatia Danny , Tseng Po-Yan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
During a cosmological first-order phase transition in a dark sector, fermion dark matter particles χ can form macroscopic Fermi balls that collapse to primordial black holes (PBHs) under certain conditions. The evaporation of the PBHs produces a boosted χ flux, which may be detectable if χ couples to visible matter. We consider the interaction of χ with electrons, and calculate signals of the dark matter flux in the XENON1T, XENONnT, Super-Kamiokande and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments. A correlated gravitational wave signal from the phase transition can be observed at THEIA and μAres. An amount of dark radiation measurable by CMB-S4 is an epiphenomenon of the phase transition.
SU(6) gauge-Higgs grand unification: minimal viable models and flavor
Authors: Angelescu Andrei , Bally Andreas , Goertz Florian , Weber Sascha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gauge-Higgs grand unification theories are models of gauge-Higgs unification that extend the electroweak group into a simple group that includes the color symmetry. The minimal option is a gauge-Higgs grand unification based on the SU(6) gauge group, mirroring SU(5) grand unification in 4D while providing a solution to the hierarchy problem. We explore different minimal and realistic novel incarnations of SU(6) gauge-Higgs grand unification. We submit the setup to the various flavor hierarchies observed in nature and, utilizing the power of the fifth dimension, identify an embedding that provides a compelling model of quarks and leptons that naturally explains the mass hierarchies and the CKM/PMNS structure. We perform a detailed study of quark- and lepton-flavor constraints (which are intimately related due to the GUT nature) together with an analysis of the Higgs potential which arises at the loop level. Electroweak precision constraints on the model are discussed and the rich scalar sector is analyzed. Future flavor constraints from upcoming experiments will provide a stringent test for this class of models, while a scalar singlet and leptoquark provide unique targets for current and future collider experiments to probe this solution to various open questions in nature.
The Plateau-Douglas Problem for Singular Configurations and in General Metric Spaces
Authors: Creutz Paul , Fitzi Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAssume you are given a finite configuration $$\Gamma $$
Γ
of disjoint rectifiable Jordan curves in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

. The Plateau-Douglas problem asks whether there exists a minimizer of area among all compact surfaces of genus of at most p which span $$\Gamma $$
Γ
. While the solution to this problem is well-known, the classical approaches break down if one allows for singular configurations $$\Gamma $$
Γ
, where the curves are potentially non-disjoint or self-intersecting. Our main result solves the Plateau-Douglas problem for such potentially singular configurations. Moreover, our proof works not only in $${\mathbb {R}}^n$$

R

n

but in general proper metric spaces. In particular, the existence of an area minimizer is new for disjoint configurations of Jordan curves in general complete Riemannian manifolds. A minimal surface of fixed genus p bounding a given configuration $$\Gamma $$
Γ
need not always exist, even in the most regular settings. Concerning this problem, we also generalize the approach for singular configurations via minimal sequences satisfying conditions of cohesion and adhesion to the setting of metric spaces.
Multidisciplinary recommendations for essential baseline functional and laboratory tests to facilitate early diagnosis and management of immune-related adverse events among cancer patients
Authors: Özdemir Berna C. , Espinosa da Silva Cristina , Arangalage Dimitri , Monney Pierre , Guler Sabina A. , Huynh-Do Uyen , Stirnimann Guido , Possamai Lucia , Trepp Roman , Hoepner Robert , Salmen Anke , Gerard Camille L. , Hruz Petr , Christ Lisa , Rothschild Sacha I. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have fundamentally changed the treatment landscape of various cancers. While ICI treatments result in improved survival, quality of life and are cost-effective, the majority of patients experience at least one immune-related adverse event (irAE). Many of these side effects cause little discomfort or are asymptomatic; however, irAEs can affect any organ and are potentially life-threatening. Consequently, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of irAEs are critical for optimizing long-term outcomes and quality of life in affected patients. Some irAEs are diagnosed according to typical symptoms, others by abnormal findings from diagnostic tests. While there are various guidelines addressing the management of irAEs, recommendations for the early recognition of irAEs as well as the optimal extent and frequency of laboratory tests are mostly lacking. In clinical practice, blood sampling is usually performed before each ICI administration (i.e., every 2–3 weeks), often for several months, representing a burden for patients as well as health care systems. In this report, we propose essential laboratory and functional tests to improve the early detection and management of irAEs and in cancer patients treated with ICIs. These multidisciplinary expert recommendations regarding essential laboratory and functional tests can be used to identify possible irAEs at an early time point, initiate appropriate interventions to improve patient outcomes, and reduce the burden of blood sampling during ICI treatment.
Correlation of R2* with fat fraction and bone mineral density and its role in quantitative assessment of osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Zhenghua , Huang Dageng , Jiang Yonghong , Ma Xiaowen , Zhang Yuting , Chang Rong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the correlation of R2* with vertebral fat fraction (FF) and bone mineral density (BMD), and to explore its role in the quantitative assessment of osteoporosis (OP).

Methods
A total of 83 patients with low back pain (59.77 ± 7.46 years, 30 males) were enrolled, which underwent lumbar MRI in IDEAL-IQ sequences and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) scanning within 48h. The FF, R2*, and BMD of all 415 lumbar vertebrae were respectively measured. According to BMD, all vertebrae were divided into BMD normal, osteopenia, and OP groups, and the difference of FF and R2* among groups was analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The correlation between R2*, FF, and BMD was analyzed by Pearson’s test. Taking BMD as the gold standard, the efficacies for FF and R2* in diagnosis of OP and osteopenia were assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve, and their area under the curve (AUC) was compared with DeLong’s test.

Results
The FF and R2* were statistically different among groups (F values of 102.521 and 11.323, both p < 0.05), and R2* were significantly correlated with FF and BMD, respectively (r values of −0.219 and 0.290, both p < 0.05). In diagnosis of OP and osteopenia, the AUCs were 0.776 and 0.778 for FF and 0.638 and 0.560 for R2*, and the AUCs of R2* were lower than those of FF, with Z values of 4.030 and 4.087, both p < 0.001.

Conclusion
R2* is significantly correlated with FF and BMD and can be used as a complement to FF and BMD for quantitative assessment of OP.

Key Points
• R2* based on IDEAL-IQ sequences has a definite but weak linear relationship with FF and BMD.
• FF is significantly correlated with BMD and can effectively evaluate BMAT.
• R2* can be used as a complement to FF and BMD for fine quantification of bone mineral loss and bone marrow fat conversion.
Proportional representation in matching markets: selecting multiple matchings under dichotomous preferences
Authors: Boehmer Niclas , Brill Markus , Schmidt-Kraepelin Ulrike 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Given a set of agents with approval preferences over each other, we study the task of finding k matchings fairly representing everyone’s preferences. To formalize fairness, we apply the concept of proportional representation as studied in approval-based multiwinner elections. To this end, we model the problem as a multiwinner election where the set of candidates consists of matchings of the agents, and agents’ preferences over each other are lifted to preferences over matchings. Due to the exponential number of candidates in such elections, standard algorithms for classical sequential voting rules (such as those proposed by Thiele and Phragmén) are rendered inefficient. We show that the computational tractability of these rules can be regained by exploiting the structure of the approval preferences. Moreover, we establish algorithmic results and axiomatic guarantees that go beyond those obtainable in the classical approval-based multiwinner setting: Assuming that approvals are symmetric, we show that Proportional Approval Voting (PAV), a well-established but computationally intractable voting rule, becomes polynomial-time computable, and that its sequential variant, which does not provide any proportionality guarantees in general, fulfills a rather strong guarantee known as extended justified representation. Some of our algorithmic results extend to other types of compactly representable elections with an exponential candidate space.
Role of Stratospheric Processes in Climate Change: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Tian Wenshou , Huang Jinlong , Zhang Jiankai , Xie Fei , Wang Wuke , Peng Yifeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this review, instead of summarizing all the advances and progress achieved in stratospheric research, the main advances and new developments in stratosphere-troposphere coupling and stratospheric chemistry-climate interactions are summarized, and some outstanding issues and grand challenges are discussed. A consensus has been reached that the stratospheric state is an important source of improving the predictability of the troposphere on sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) time scales and beyond. However, applying stratospheric signals in operational S2S forecast models remains a challenge because of model deficiencies and the complexities of the underlying mechanisms of stratosphere-troposphere coupling. Stratospheric chemistry, which controls the magnitude and distribution of many important climate-forcing agents, plays a critical role in global climate change. Convincing evidence has been found that stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery have caused significant tropospheric climate changes, and more recent studies have revealed that stratospheric ozone variations can even exert an impact on SSTs and sea ice. The climatic impacts of stratospheric aerosols and water vapor are also important. Although their quantitative contributions to radiative forcing have been reasonably well quantified, there still exist large uncertainties in their long-term impacts on climate. The advances and new levels of understanding presented in this review suggest that whole-atmosphere interactions need to be considered in future for a better and more thorough understanding of stratosphere-troposphere coupling and its role in climate change.
Modulare Axialflussmaschine für hohes Drehmoment
Authors: Kleimaier Alexander 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungAxialflussmaschinen eignen sich mit ihrer scheibenförmigen Bauweise gut dazu, eine hohe Drehmomentausbeute in Bezug auf das eingesetzte Aktivmaterial zu realisieren. Gleichzeitig erlaubt es der planare Aufbau, den Eisenkreis modular und möglichst einfach herstellbar zu gestalten. In diesem Beitrag wird eine Maschinenvariante vorgestellt, deren Eisenkreis aus U‑Jochen mit UI-30-Kernblechen und Steckspulen aufgebaut ist. Solche genormten Bleche mit 30 × 40 mm Außenmaß und 30 $$\times$$
×
10 mm Nutausschnitt werden normalerweise zum Bau von Transformatoren eingesetzt. Vorteile dieses Maschinendesigns sind einfache Herstellbarkeit und Skalierbarkeit über die Anzahl der U‑Joche. Nachteile sind Wirbelstromverluste in den Magneten der Rotorscheibe, was den nutzbaren Drehzahlbereich aufgrund erhöhter Magnettemperaturen einschränkt. Da sich mit den UI-30-Kernblechen ebenso eine PMSM-Radialflussmaschine mit Außenläufer herstellen lässt, erfolgt ein direkter Vergleich der für beide Maschinenvarianten aufgebauten Prototypen anhand von Messdaten. In Bezug auf das Drehmoment ist die Radialflussmaschine im Vorteil, während die Axialflussmaschine in Bezug auf Rotorverluste, Materialbedarf und Herstellbarkeit besser abschneidet.
A comparison of five Illumina, Ion Torrent, and nanopore sequencing technology-based approaches for whole genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Carbo Ellen C. , Mourik Kees , Boers Stefan A. , Munnink Bas Oude , Nieuwenhuijse David , Jonges Marcel , Welkers Matthijs R. A. , Matamoros Sebastien , van Harinxma thoe Slooten Joost , Kraakman Margriet E. M. , Karelioti Evita , van der Meer David , Veldkamp Karin Ellen , Kroes Aloys C. M. , Sidorov Igor , de Vries Jutte J. C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRapid identification of the rise and spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern remains critical for monitoring of the efficacy of diagnostics, therapeutics, vaccines, and control strategies. A wide range of SARS-CoV-2 next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods have been developed over the last years, but cross-sequence technology benchmarking studies have been scarce. In the current study, 26 clinical samples were sequenced using five protocols: AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 (Illumina), EasySeq RC-PCR SARS-CoV-2 (Illumina/NimaGen), Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 (Thermo Fisher), custom primer sets (Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT)), and capture probe-based viral metagenomics (Roche/Illumina). Studied parameters included genome coverage, depth of coverage, amplicon distribution, and variant calling. The median SARS-CoV-2 genome coverage of samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values of 30 and lower ranged from 81.6 to 99.8% for, respectively, the ONT protocol and Illumina AmpliSeq protocol. Correlation of coverage with PCR Ct values varied per protocol. Amplicon distribution signatures differed across the methods, with peak differences of up to 4 log10 at disbalanced positions in samples with high viral loads (Ct values ≤ 23). Phylogenetic analyses of consensus sequences showed clustering independent of the workflow used. The proportion of SARS-CoV-2 reads in relation to background sequences, as a (cost-)efficiency metric, was the highest for the EasySeq protocol. The hands-on time was the lowest when using EasySeq and ONT protocols, with the latter additionally having the shortest sequence runtime. In conclusion, the studied protocols differed on a variety of the studied metrics. This study provides data that assist laboratories when selecting protocols for their specific setting.