bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method of diamorphine (heroin) administration for harm reduction
Authors: Kavanagh Oisín N. , Machado Tatiane C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAs societal attitudes toward narcotics have changed, harm reduction strategies have emerged which make it safer to inject intravenous drugs. Diamorphine (heroin) is commonly sold as its free base—better known as brown—which has extremely poor aqueous solubility. As such, it needs to be chemically modified (cooked) to enable administration. Needle exchange programmes commonly supply citric or ascorbic acids which facilitate intravenous administration by increasing heroin solubility. If heroin users mistakenly add too much acid, the low solution pH can cause damage to their veins and, after repeated injury, could result in the loss of that injection site. Currently, advice cards supplied with these exchange kits suggest that the acid should be measured in pinches, which could result in considerable error. This work employs Henderson–Hasselbalch models to analyse the risk of venous damage by placing solution pH within the context of the buffer capacity of the blood. These models also highlight the significant risk of heroin supersaturation and precipitation within the vein, an event that has the potential to cause further harm to the user. This perspective closes with a modified administration method which could be included as part of a wider harm reduction package.
DNA methylation age in paired tumor and adjacent normal breast tissue in Chinese women with breast cancer
Authors: Koka Hela , Bodelon Clara , Horvath Steve , Lee Priscilla Ming Yi , Wang Difei , Song Lei , Zhang Tongwu , Hurson Amber N. , Guida Jennifer Lyn , Zhu Bin , Bailey-Whyte Maeve , Wang Feng , Wu Cherry , Tsang Koon Ho , Tsoi Yee-Kei , Chan W. C. , Law Sze Hong , Hung Ray Ka Wai , Tse Gary M. , Yuen Karen Ka-wan , Karlins Eric , Jones Kristine , Vogt Aurelie , Zhu Bin , Hutchinson Amy , Hicks Belynda , Garcia-Closas Montserrat , Chanock Stephen , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Tse Lap Ah , Yang Xiaohong R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Few studies have examined epigenetic age acceleration (AA), the difference between DNA methylation (DNAm) predicted age and chronological age, in relation to somatic genomic features in paired cancer and normal tissue, with less work done in non-European populations. In this study, we aimed to examine DNAm age and its associations with breast cancer risk factors, subtypes, somatic genomic profiles including mutation and copy number alterations and other aging markers in breast tissue of Chinese breast cancer (BC) patients from Hong Kong.

Methods
We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of 196 tumor and 188 paired adjacent normal tissue collected from Chinese BC patients in Hong Kong (HKBC) using Illumina MethylationEPIC array. The DNAm age was calculated using Horvath’s pan-tissue clock model. Somatic genomic features were based on data from RNA sequencing (RNASeq), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Pearson’s correlation (r), Kruskal–Wallis test, and regression models were used to estimate associations of DNAm AA with somatic features and breast cancer risk factors.

Results
DNAm age showed a stronger correlation with chronological age in normal (Pearson r = 0.78, P < 2.2e−16) than in tumor tissue (Pearson r = 0.31, P = 7.8e−06). Although overall DNAm age or AA did not vary significantly by tissue within the same individual, luminal A tumors exhibited increased DNAm AA (P = 0.004) while HER2-enriched/basal-like tumors exhibited markedly lower DNAm AA (P = < .0001) compared with paired normal tissue. Consistent with the subtype association, tumor DNAm AA was positively correlated with ESR1 (Pearson r = 0.39, P = 6.3e−06) and PGR (Pearson r = 0.36, P = 2.4e−05) gene expression. In line with this, we found that increasing DNAm AA was associated with higher body mass index (P = 0.039) and earlier age at menarche (P = 0.035), factors that are related to cumulative exposure to estrogen. In contrast, variables indicating extensive genomic instability, such as TP53 somatic mutations, high tumor mutation/copy number alteration burden, and homologous repair deficiency were associated with lower DNAm AA.

Conclusions
Our findings provide additional insights into the complexity of breast tissue aging that is associated with the interaction of hormonal, genomic, and epigenetic mechanisms in an East Asian population.
The low prevalence rate of vitamin E deficiency in urban adults of Wuhan from central China: findings from a single-center, cross-sectional study
Authors: Shen Ying , Liu Ke , Luo Xia , Cheng Liming 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Vitamin E is an essential nutrient in human body famous for its antioxidant and non-antioxidant functions. However, little is known about vitamin E deficiency status in urban adults of Wuhan from central China. Our aim is to describe the distribution of both circulating and lipid-adjusted serum vitamin E concentration in urban adults of Wuhan.

Methods
We hypothesized that the prevalence rate of vitamin E deficiency would be low in Wuhan in consideration of the Chinese food composition. A cross-sectional study with 846 adults was performed in a single-center. Concentrations of vitamin E were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Results
The median (interquartile range, IQR) of serum vitamin E concentration was 27.40 (22.89–33.20) μmol/L while that of serum vitamin E concentration adjusted by total cholesterol or the sum of cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) (the sum of cholesterol and triglyceride, TLs) were 6.20 (5.30–7.48) and 4.86 (4.10–5.65) mmol/mol, respectively. No significant difference of the circulating and TC-adjusted vitamin E concentration was found between male and female except for vitamin E/TLs. However, concentrations of vitamin E increased significantly (r = 0.137, P < 0.001) with age, but lipid-adjusted concentrations of vitamin E did not. On analysis of risk factors, the subjects characterized by hypercholesterolemia are more likely to exhibit higher circulating but lower lipid-adjusted vitamin E level due to adequacy of the serum carriers for delivery of vitamin E. Only 0.47% of the population were below 12 μmol/L of vitamin E defined as functional deficiency.

Conclusion
The prevalence rate of vitamin E deficiency in urban adults of Wuhan is low, which is important and useful to clinicians for clinical decision-making in public health practice.
Controlled release of silica-coated insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as a promising oral administration system
Authors: Fathy Mohamed M. , Hassan Asmaa A. , Elsayed Anwar A. , Fahmy Heba M. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Oral insulin administration has recently become one of the most exciting research subjects. Different approaches have been carried out to get an effective oral insulin delivery system using nanotechnology. The development of a delivery system that overcomes the difficulties of oral insulin administration, achieving high stability and minimal side effects, is still an urgent need. Therefore, this study is considered one of the efforts to design a new prospective drug delivery nano-composite (silica-coated chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles).

Methods
Chitosan-dextran sulfate nanoparticles (CS-DS NPs) were prepared via a complex coacervation method and then coated with silica. Uncoated and silica-coated CS-DS NPs were physically characterized via different techniques. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been used to investigate the chemical elements, size, morphology, and surface properties of the prepared formulations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to assess the thermal properties of formed nano-formulations. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy investigated the silica coat and chitosan interaction. The encapsulation efficiency was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The insulin release profile of nano-formulations was performed with and without silica coat at two different pHs (5.5,7), nearly simulating the environment of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Results
The silica-coated CS-DS NPs revealed interesting physicochemical properties exemplified by suitable core particle size obtained by TEM images (145.31 ± 33.15 nm), hydrodynamic diameter (210 ± 21 nm), high stability indicated by their zeta potential value (-32 ± 3.2 mV), and adequate surface roughness assessed by AFM. The encapsulation efficiency of insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (ICN) was (66.5%) higher than that of insulin-chitosan complex nanoparticles (ICCN). The silica-coated ICN demonstrated a controlled insulin release profile at pHs (5.5 and 7) compared with uncoated ICN.

Conclusion
The silica-coated ICN can be an efficient candidate as a desired oral delivery system, overcoming the common obstacles of peptides and proteins delivery and achieving high stability and controlled release for further applications.
Emerging subdisciplines in ethnology and anthropology of Serbia: research trends at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade
Authors: Vučinić Nešković Vesna 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article presents the in-depth analysis of the disciplinary landscape of ethnology and anthropology in Serbia within the institutional contexts of humanities and social sciences. Focusing on the Department of Ethnology and Anthropology at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, it provides insights into the main subdisciplines, fields, and themes of research since 2006, a time when significant publishing activity was invigorated and the Bologna Process reforms were implemented in Serbian universities. Using a theoretical approach to knowledge production as a complex mosaic of complementary research, rather than a hierarchy of different quality works, the article tracks the dynamics of disciplinary (re)orientations in the Department over the past 16 years. This is accompanied by a methodological approach whereby the author does not assume the role of an epistemic arbiter who selects and labels representative work, but instead invites members of the studied Department to exercise the selection processes by filling out a survey that the author composed and distributed. The article is based on information collected through the survey, the Department documentation, as well as the author’s own interpretation of the published works. Related subdisciplines are grouped in larger wholes and presented in counter-alphabetical order of the names given to them. Finally, the concluding part discusses the innovative and dynamic developments of the Department’s faculty research.
A novel strategy to attenuate porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by inhibiting viral replication in the target pulmonary alveolar macrophages via hematopoietic-specific miR-142
Authors: Tan Shaoyuan , Wu Weixin , Ge Xinna , Zhang Yongning , Han Jun , Guo Xin , Zhou Lei , Yang Hanchun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an economically important pathogen for the global pork industry. Although modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are commonly used for PRRSV prevention and control, they still carry a risk of infecting the host and replicating in target cells, thereby increasing the likehood of virus recombination and reversion to virulence. In this study, we inserted the target sequence of miR-142 into the nsp2 hypervariable region of PRRSV to inhibit viral replication in its host cells of pigs, with the aim of achieving virus attenuation. The chimeric virus RvJX-miR-142t was successfully rescued and retained its growth characteristics in MARC-145 cells. Furthermore, it did not replicate in MARC-145 cells transfected with miRNA-142 mimic. We also observed limited replication ability of RvJX-miR-142t in pulmonary alveolar macrophages, which are the main cell types that PRRSV infects. Our animal inoculation study showed that pigs infected with RvJX-miR-142t displayed less severe clinical symptoms, lower viremia titers, lighter lung lesions, and significantly lower mortality rates during the first 7 days post-inoculation, in comparison to pigs infected with the backbone virus RvJXwn. We detected a partially deletion of the miR-142 target sequence in the RvJX-miR-142t genome at 14 dpi. It is highly possible that the reversion of viral virulence observed in the later timepoints of our animal experiment was caused by that. Our study provided a new strategy for attenuating PRRSV and confirmed its effectiveness. However, further studies are necessary to increase the stability of this virus under host selection pressure.
Neurosurgical interventions for psychiatric illness – an underutilised option in treatment?
Authors: Kennedy Nigel I. 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYNeurosurgery for mental disorder is performed in the UK for treatment-refractory obsessive–compulsive disorder and depression. In this commentary, the procedures used are considered alongside other surgical interventions for psychiatric conditions. Given the evidence for efficacy, this commentary agrees with Whitehead & Barrera's assessment that such procedures be considered more widely in treatment-refractory illness and concurs that the advent of minimally invasive radiosurgery is an exciting prospect for patients who have not responded to other treatments.
Vortex-like nano-objects in perforated permalloy films
Authors: Magadeev E. B. , Vakhitov R. M. , Kanbekov R. R. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this paper, permalloy films containing artificially created nanoscale perforations are studied, and it is theoretically substantiated that in the region of a pair of closely spaced perforations, the formation of topologically protected vortex-like inhomogeneities is possible. Quantitative estimates of the conditions for the existence of inhomogeneities of this type are obtained, and the causes and possible scenarios for their destruction are studied in cases where these conditions are violated.
Higher-order complex cubic quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation: Chirped solitary waves
Authors: Saha Naresh , Roy Barnana , Khare Avinash 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Propagation characteristics of the chirped dissipative solitary waves are investigated within the framework of higher-order complex cubic quintic Ginzburg-Landau equation. A potentially rich set of exact chirped dissipative pulses, such as, bright, dark, grey, antidark, kink, antikink is derived in the presence of the self-steepening, self-frequency shift and nonlinear gain/loss. The linear stability results are corroborated by the direct numerical simulations. The effect of the variation of model parameters on physical quantities, like the speed, amplitude and chirping, is explored.
Accelerated Longitudinal Weight Gain Among Infants With In Utero COVID-19 Exposure
Authors: Ockene Mollie W , Russo Samuel C , Lee Hang , Monthé-Drèze Carmen , Stanley Takara L , Ma Ingrid L , Toribio Mabel , Shook Lydia L , Grinspoon Steven K , Edlow Andrea G , Fourman Lindsay T 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Context
Since the initial outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel population of children with in utero exposure to maternal infection has emerged whose health outcomes are largely unknown.

Objective
To compare longitudinal growth trajectories among infants with vs without in utero COVID-19 exposure.

Methods
We conducted a longitudinal cohort study leveraging a prospectively enrolled perinatal biorepository among 149 infants with in utero COVID-19 exposure and 127 unexposed controls. Weight, length, and body mass index (BMI) were abstracted from health records at 0, 2, 6, and 12 months and standardized using World Health Organization growth charts. Analyses were adjusted for maternal age, ethnicity, parity, insurance, and BMI as well as infant sex, birthdate, and breastfeeding.

Results
Infants with in utero COVID-19 exposure vs controls exhibited differential trajectories of weight and BMI, but not length, z-score over the first year of life (study group × time interaction, P &lt; .0001 for weight and BMI). Infants born to mothers with prenatal COVID-19 had lower BMI z-score at birth (effect size: −0.35, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.03) and greater gain in BMI z-score from birth to 12 months (effect size: 0.53, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.99). Birth weight z-score mediated a significant proportion of the relationship between COVID-19 exposure and postnatal growth (estimate ± SE, 32 ± 14%, P = .02).

Conclusion
Infants with in utero COVID-19 exposure exhibited lower birth weight and accelerated weight gain in the first year of life, which may be harbingers of downstream cardiometabolic pathology. Further studies are needed to delineate cardiometabolic sequelae among this emerging global population.
Epic Futurity: The Phaeacians, Carthage, and the Tradition
Authors: Quint David 
Published: March 2023

AbstractContrary to the views of Hegelian critics, epic from its Homeric beginnings has projected a future time and future readers beyond its narrative frame. The genre does not close itself off in a heroic past. The episode of the Phaeacian banquet in the Odyssey places a utopian, technologically advanced and wealthy mercantile society side by side with its heroic world. The Phaeacians who listen to Odysseus’s wanderings and tales of Troy at their banquet figure a future, nonheroic audience for the poem itself. Subsequent imitations of this episode in major epics—the Aeneid, Orlando furioso, Os Lusíadas, Gerusalemme liberata, The Faerie Queene, Paradise Lost—measure a modern, critical distance, fed by science and a commercial economy, upon epic and its heroic values. The genre contains a historical dialectic of past and present from its outset.
The Border Underground: Indigenous Cosmovisions in the Migration Narratives of Leslie Marmon Silko and Yuri Herrera
Authors: Rodríguez-Pliego Mariajosé 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between storytelling and prophecy by reading narratives of extractivism in the US-Mexico borderlands that raise questions about the apocalyptic aftermaths of colonialism. Specifically, it analyzes contemporary migration stories narrated through Indigenous cosmovisions in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead (1991) and Yuri Herrera’s Señales que precederán el fin del mundo (2009). It contends that Silko and Herrera’s novels employ Maya, Nahua, Yaqui, and Laguna Pueblo migration narratives to eschew colonial cartographic portrayals of the borderlands and reclaim them as dynamic spaces of mobility, as opposed to static cartographic lines. The article demonstrates how Indigenous epistemologies afford Silko and Herrera opportunities to extend their stories into underground spaces and lay bare a history of extractivism—specifically of mining. In doing so, the novels materialize the land’s colonial history and lay out prophecies for the end of our present world.
“Je est un autre”: Beckett’sNot I, Rimbaud, and Synesthesia
Authors: Taylor-Batty Juliette 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article demonstrates that Beckett’s play Not I derives from a hitherto unrecognized source: Rimbaud’s poem of synesthesia, “Voyelles.” Revealing the significant intertextual links between Beckett’s play and Rimbaud’s poem, the article demonstrates that the striking central image of Not I—the disembodied mouth spewing out an almost incomprehensible torrent of words—directly recalls Rimbaud’s image for the vowel I in “Voyelles.” Beckett uses Rimbaud, the article argues, in a way that is distortive and translational: the image for I is carried across languages and across sensory planes: from French to English, from words on the page to theatrical performance; from verbal to visual and sensory experience. The correspondences between Not I and “Voyelles” are not only directly intertextual, however, but conceptual. Beckett draws particularly on two Rimbaudian concepts: the otherness of the poetic I, and the notion of a “dérèglement de tous les sens.” Adapting and translating Rimbaud’s conception of synesthesia in “Voyelles,” Beckett develops a theatrical mode that explores and manipulates various forms of cross-sensory experience, including synesthesia, to produce a “theater of the nerves.”
Remains to Be Seen
Authors: Carroll Rachel Jane 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article unspools the history of nylon as a commodity between two Black feminist cultural expressions, Senga Nengudi's R.S.V.P. series and Audre Lorde's Zami. The first popular petroleum-derived synthetic fiber, nylon was a crucial material in building what Dwight D. Eisenhower was to dub the “military-industrial complex.” Through readings of R.S.V.P. and Zami, the article traces the racial and gendered history of nylon as both a fashion commodity and a military resource. These readings demonstrate Black feminism's central relevance to US military imperialism, particularly in Asia and the Pacific, as well as imperialism's impacts on Black femininity during the Cold War. This article argues that Black feminist aesthetics, such as those Nengudi and Lorde employ, restores the context of commodities like nylons, revealing the centrality of Black women's productive and reproductive labor to US empire. Most important, as R.S.V.P. and Zami restore context, they also generate a system of value in opposition to racial capitalism that does not depend on violence against Black women.
A robust dual gene ON–OFF toggle directed by two independent promoter–degron pairs
Authors: Yeung Tsz Kwan , Kim Sehong , Ma Hoi Tang , Poon Randy Y. C. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Switching genes on and off on cue is a cornerstone for understanding gene functions. One contemporary approach for loss-of-function studies of essential genes involves CRISPR-mediated knockout of the endogenous locus in conjunction with the expression of a rescue construct, which can subsequently be turned off to produce a gene inactivation effect in mammalian cell lines. A broadening of this approach would involve simultaneously switching on a second construct to interrogate the functions of a gene in the pathway. In this study, we developed a pair of switches that were independently controlled by both inducible promoters and degrons, enabling the toggling between two constructs with comparable kinetics and tightness. The gene-OFF switch was based on TRE transcriptional control coupled with auxin-induced degron-mediated proteolysis. A second independently controlled gene-ON switch was based on a modified ecdysone promoter and mutated FKBP12-derived destabilization domain degron, allowing acute and tuneable gene activation. This platform facilitates efficient generation of knockout cell lines containing a two-gene switch that is regulated tightly and can be flipped within a fraction of the time of a cell cycle.