bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’ECONOMIE FUNEBRE ET FUNERAIRE EN PAYS BAMILEKE (OUEST CAMEROUN): FACTEUR DE NOUVELLES DYNAMIQUES SOCIALES
Authors: Noel Kaze Beaudelaire 
Published: February 2023

L’intrusion des nouvelles visions, des manières de voir le monde à Travers des canons du christianisme et autres avatars tels la mondialisation et le multiculturalisme en pays bamiléké ont notoirement altéré la réalité culturelle de ces derniers. Le deuil, les funérailles et bien d’autres rites locaux ont évolués prenant tantôt des allures de discrédit, tantôt de rayonnement, relatif pour la majorité aux grandes mutations sociales d’après les indépendances surtout d’un point de vu d’actualité. Ces nouvelles manières de faire on engendrer un important flux économiques autour des pratiques funèbres et funéraires bamiléké. La question centrale ici mise en exergue est celle de savoir: comment les pratiques funèbres et funéraires constituent-elles de nouvelles opportunités économiques chez les
Bamiléké de l’Ouest Cameroun? Dès lors, La méthodologie de cette analyse est sou tendu par l’exploitation documentaire ayant permis de saisir la littérature sur la question. Les enquêtes ethnologiques et anthropologiques de terrain auprès de personnes ressources ont permis la collecte des données empiriques sur les sites même de ces pratiques qui se présente comme fleuron d’une économie en plein essor chez les Bamiléké.à terme, Il s’est avéré que les cérémonies funèbres et funéraires bamiléké sont aujourd’hui des émulateurs à n’en plus douter d’une économie sans cesse croissante. Outre, cette neo-economie mortuaire s’adosse sur des échanges commerciales de natures variées tel que les petits commerces, les trafics routiers, les prestations de services (logistiques) et autres tractations financières non moins ressente qui participent au renforcement de ce point de l’industrie mortuaire en pays bamiléké aujourd’hui plus qu’hier. D’ailleurs, il faut dire que cette économie, non sans empiéter la forme de ces cérémonies d’antan participe de leurs revitalisations dans ces territoires pour la majorité rurales
THE ORIGINS OF NORTH KOREAN NUCLEAR AMBITIONS OF TRAUMATISING THE WORLD 1950-2017
Authors: Kenedy Fonju (Ph.D) Dr. Njuafac 
Published: February 2023

During the 1950s, the principle of nuclear threat was actually applied by the capitalist and Communist backed by United States of America(U.S.A) and Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R) in both Northern and Southern Korea during the Korean War which lasted from 1950 to 1953 with the signing of an armistice . But U.S. forces strongly inflicted waste to North Korean targets, dropping tons of bombs and napalm, which killed over 20 percent of the Korean population. Therefore, the advancement of North Korean nuclear building and testing is the result of over half a century of steadily accumulated scientific know-how and single-minded subterfuge, taking advantage of lax regulations and shady foreign partners to hoodwink the international non-proliferation regime to prepare any further aggression from whom so ever. North Korea has shown that she is dedicated to acquiring nuclear weapons, and it is very hard to stop any country that is completely dedicated. In fact, the combination of such radical military diplomatic strategies, sale of missile technologies and the export of coal and minerals have enabled North Korea to be able to finance its nuclear procurement the way it desired. North Korea is very creative in the way that it goes about sanctions evasion, and the patterns in which it goes about it vary. For example, North Korea often sends trusted nationals to China to set up front companies, often in collaboration with Chinese citizens. These companies then import equipment from Western manufacturers, who often have no way of knowing that the companies are really fronts controlled by the North Korean regime. This enable the country to be more advance in terms of manufacturing and launching of atomic bombs in Asia to frighten a lone HyperSuper power (United States of America) the rest of the World. The present article intends to sort out clearly what provoked North Korea to be aggressively building up and testing her atomic bombs spanning from 1950 to 2017. We decided to use the methodology of collecting evidence from specialized journals, magazines, websites, and other relevant sources which can be useful to tackle the main problem of the present article. Our findings show that the phenomenon of Korean nuclear threats is link to massive terrorist practices in the Asian Continent which has been affecting nearly all other continents in the 21st Century.
EXPLORING ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES OF MALAYSIAN WOMEN AS SMALL AND MICRO BUSINESS OWNERS: RESOURCE-BASED AND SOCIAL FEMINIST THEORIES PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ngah Dr Rohana , Mr Adlan  , Salleh Dr Zarina , Faizah Noor 
Published: February 2023

This paper aims to identify the entrepreneurial competencies that women entrepreneurs in small and micro businesses perceived to be essential in establishing their business. Entrepreneurial competencies are also regarded as essential to sustain their business and use the Resource-Based Theory and Social Feminist Theory to understand any variances. The qualitative approach was used to gather data through focus group interviews with 10 Malaysian women entrepreneurs to explore and understand women's entrepreneurial competencies. The Resource-Based Theory better explains most entrepreneurial competencies of women entrepreneurs identified in this study. Nevertheless, the social feminism theory helps explain some of the entrepreneurial competencies that have enabled these women entrepreneurs to reach their present achievement in business. This study provides future direction to policymakers and educators in designing intervention programs for women entrepreneurs, especially addressing different requirements at the different stages of their business life cycle.
TOPIC: THE CHALLENGES OF RUSSIAN CONTEMPORARY ENGAGEMENTS IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN STATES 1991-2019
Authors: Kenedy Fonju Dr. Njuafac 
Published: February 2023

This paper deals with the challenges of Russian relations with thirty years of Russo- Southern African relations between 1991 and 2019, following the closure of several diplomatic services and questionable engagements of nuclear extension in the region with a hiding agenda of the 21st Century. Her incapacity to continue running some of her embassies in the region was due to lack of financial resources which resulted from the collapse of the Cold War and disintegration of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) into Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 1991.The devastated Russian economy could only left her behind unrealistic foreign agenda that was perfectly destroyed by Mikhail Gorbachev’s hasty declaration of Glasnost and Perestroika as new international norms which facilitated the United States of America (U.S.A) to re-gain a unique prominent position as the Policeman of the World. This meant that Russian engagements with SubSaharan African countries were now in a handicap and dangerous stance towards the 21st Century. What then constituted Soviet Union’s lateness of foreign policy initiative towards Africa’s, challenges of the 1990s and new patterns of Russian relations and initiatives of exploiting natural resources and setting up of nuclear agenda in Southern African States are the main concerns of this study. With the adoption of a historical approach, the scrutiny of specialised sources concerning this question enabled us to come out with finding that, contemporary Russian attempt to aggressively reinforce relations with specific Southern African countries pave the way forward of Great Fear in case of any nuclear war in the 21st Century. That Southern and Central African leaders of Sub-Saharan Africa should be aware that the previous Cold War Super-Power competition was over but it took a new form in the face of a unique Hyper- Power position dominated by the United States in the Post-Cold War era which the crumbled Russia is recently bend to correct some of her mistakes through deeper penetration of main strategic zones of Africa as a means of preparing and multiplying her networks of attacks and defense in the Atlantic and India Oceans. This engagement with the Southern African Development Community (SADC) is very pertinent after thirty years of the collapsed of USSR and new orientations in international relations and international political economy with the challenges of the 21st Century Unite States.and China Hyper-economic positions in the global economic system with U.S Hyper-Power position in international politics as a unique policeman of the World.
TOTIC: PORTUGUESE PRE- COLONIAL AND COLONIAL DIPLOMATIC AGENTS OF TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION OF SAO - TOME AND PRINCIPE ISLANDS OF THE GULF OF GUINEA IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN 1485-1975
Authors: Kenedy Fonju Dr. Njuafac 
Published: February 2023

The present article brings out typologies of pre-colonial and colonial great figures that strongly coordinated, moderated and put in radical human forces of European exploration, exploitation and colonisation activities in the overseas colonies in Sub-Saharan Africa with examples drawn from the following important lucrative region known as the Gulf of Guinea within the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). The two countries used as our case studies include Sao-Tome and Principe from 1485 to 1975 (490 years) with 210 official agents remarkably during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. Considering the fact that most history books at times mentioned only few colonial administrators of the Continent, we therefore deemed it necessary to carry out this research on the various portfolios of specific foreign actors in full beginning from pre-colonial to end of colonial exploitations. The pre-colonial era brings out some of the foreign agents who in one way or the other prepared the ground work for deeper colonial partition, expropriation, expansion, exploitation and exaggerations of colonial activities as the best means to compensate themselves from the natural providence of the Black Continent in terms of natural and human resources well accessible in to the Atlantic Ocean. The work is divided into two parts using a chronological approach as indicated on the various tables and it brings out the total number of all prominent pre-colonial and colonial agents of the two countries. The scrutiny of specialized documents based on the pre-colonial and colonial Africa actually inspired us in the writing of this paper which can open new avenues to future researchers to find out in detail which of the Portuguese agent did what and when during their tenure of offices characterized with changing portfolios and revision of radical exploitative colonial policies colonialism.
DENTAL AGE ESTIMATION USING DEMIRIJAN’S 7 TEETH AND 8 TEETH METHOD APPLYING IN RAJASTHAN (KOTA) POPULATION
Authors: Mankel Dr Hemant , Gupta Dr charvi , Ghosh Dr Akash 
Published: February 2023

Introduction Accurate age estimation is required in the field of health sciences, as it is relevant to the timing of various treatment procedures. Differences in the development among children of the same chronological age have led to the concept of physiologic age as a means to define progress toward completeness of development or maturity in the individual child. The most common dental age estimation methods are Nolla &Demirjin’s.Demirijan’s being the more result oriented method of age estimation.
Aim and Objective: To evaluate the Dental age estimation using Demirijan’s 8 teeth method and 7 teeth method.
Materials and methods: The sample for the study consisted of 400 individuals aged between 618 years. The chronological age of the patient will be obtained by official birth certificate. Radiographic age estimation of the selected sample was done after analyzing Orthopantomographs using both Demirijan’s 7 teeth and 8 teeth method. The chronological age was then statistically compared with the results obtained by the radiographic age using SPSS v16 software.
Results: The estimation of dental age estimation using Demirijan’s 7 teeth method showed overestimation compare with Demirjian 8 teeth method.
Conclusion: Dental age estimation using Demiijan’s 8 teeth method reduces the margin of error in correctly estimating age
ADDRESSED AND ASSEMBLED PHONOLOGY OF BIDIRECTIONAL SOUND-TO –PRINT CONVERSIONS IN STUDENTS WITH DYSLEXIA AND A REFERENCE OF INVESTIGATION RESULTS TO CORRESPONDING FUNCTIONAL LOCALIZATION IN BRAIN CORTEX
Authors: Petkov Plamen 
Published: February 2023

Thirty students with dyslexia and 30 age-matched normally developed controls participated in a study to compare group performance and to examine their ability to convert auditory and visual verbal stimuli in two-way directions. Three experiments and 13 tasks were administered to the students and 3 types of activities were explored. The first one was focused on the student’s skills to match a heard word to a printed word, the second one was oriented to their skills to match a heard pseudo word to a printed pseudo word and the third one was an examination of their ability to readun familiar letter’s strings. The elaborated results showed that there are statistically significant differences between the focus group and the controls regarding to the explored operations. In fact the examined dyslexic children cannotmake conversions of phonological input into orthographic representation properly. It refers as to meaningful stimuli (addressed phonology), as to pseudo words (assembled phonology) as well. They have also difficulties in print-to-sound conversions when they read pseudo words. A reference to other studies ,focused on brain cortex activation and reading shows that the deficient pseud word reading depends on the dysfunctions of left posterior superior temporal gyrus and when the reading difficulties refer to meaningful stimuli and whole-word phonological conversions (addressed mechanism), it is connected to deficient operations in left posterior middle temporal gyrus. The described difficulties and particularities of students with dyslexia, analysed and explained through the addressed and assembled mechanism deficits ,can be an important base for appropriate treatment approaches and a directional point to the arrangement of speech and language therapy and oriented to the etiology educational interventions.
MOTOR AND POSTURAL EFFECTS OF BODY MASS DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN AGED 6 YEARS IN POLAND.
Authors: Olszewska Dr Elżbieta , Tabor Dr Piotr , Czarniecka Dr Renata 
Published: February 2023

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate physical fitness and body posture in underweight children aged 6 years.
Methods: The study examined 883 children aged six years, including 438 girls and 445 boys. The BMI values were used to divide the study group into two subgroups of participants, with normal weight and those underweight. Physical fitness was evaluated using a test made of 5 tests. Body posture was examined using a visual assessment method for selected parameters of body posture.
Results: Compared to peers with normal BMI, underweight children obtained significantly poorer results in the following physical fitness tests: sit-and-reach (boys), standing long jump (boys), medicine ball throw (boys, girls). In terms of body posture, significant differences between the subgroups with reduced height-to-weight ratio were observed in shoulder and scapulae positions in the sagittal plane (girls and boys), degree of thoracic kyphosis (girls) and shape of cervical-acromial angles and waist triangles (boys) in the frontal plane. Furthermore, underweight children obtained significantly better results in convexity of abdominal wall and the axis of lower limbs (girls and boys).
Conclusions: Some positive and negative motor and postural effects of body weight deficiency were observed in children aged 6 years.
PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY AND PREMATURE THELARCHE IN GIRLS:
Authors: Al Kadaoui Nihal , Amhager Samah , Imane Zineb , Krioul Yamna 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Early puberty is a pathology known by the appearance of clinical signs of puberty before the age of 8 years for girls and 9 years for boys. In 90% of the cases, it’s a Central Precocious Puberty. It could be peripheral too. The precocious puberty etiologies are variable but it’s idiopathic in 90% of cases
Materials and Methods: retrospective descriptive study of three cases of precocious puberty admitted in pediatric endocrinology department (Pediatric II) in the Children’s Hospital of Rabat during 2018. The main elements studied were: the age, the sex, clinical symptoms of PP, hormonal tests, mammary and pelvic ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging of the hypothalamic pituitary axis, diagnosis elements, treatment and evolution.
Results: 3 girls aged respectively three, four and nine years old admitted for precocious puberty. The clinical examination finds a breast development and a pubic hair in a patient. Tanner stage at S3P1 in 2 patients and S3P2 in 1 patient. Pelvic ultrasound showed a pubertal uterus in two patients and prepubertal in one patient. The Decapeptyl test was performed in all 3 patients. The diagnosis of thelarche prematurity was made in one patient and the diagnosis of idiopathic central precocious puberty was made in the two other patients treated with Decapeptyl.
Conclusion: Early puberty is defined by the age of early onset of sexual characteristics that brings the paradox to a large size during childhood and a small adult size
GESTION DES VOIES AÉRIENNES DIFFICILES PRÉVUES EN CHIRURGIE MAXILLO – FACIALE AU CHU – JDR ANTANANARIVO MADAGASCAR PREDICTED DIFFICULT AIRWAYS MANAGEMENT IN MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY. CHU – JDR ANTANANARIVO MADAGASCAR
Authors: RAKOTONOMENJANAHARY Sidonia , RAZAFINDRAINIBE Tanjonirina , Marie Philibertine RAHANITRINIAINA Nadia , Anjarahaingo Voahangiarivola RANDRIAMANDRATO Tantely , Andriambelo RAJAONERA Tovohery , Alberto Bam RAZAFINDRABE John 
Published: February 2023

Objectifs : Décrire la pratique sur la gestion des voies aériennes difficiles prévues en chirurgie maxillo – faciale et proposer une ébauche d’algorithme de prise en charge selon notre contexte de travail.
Méthodes: Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective descriptive et observationnelle sur deux ans, incluant tous patients ayant un ou plusieurs critères prédictifs d’intubation difficile.
Résultats: Nous avons retenu 63 patient’s avec 08% d’intubation difficile dont 02% intubation impossible. Une prédominance masculine a été notée (sex – ratio = 1,3) avec un âge moyen de de 38,93 ans et un poids moyen de 59,6 kg. L’intervention réalisée est dominée par l’exérèse tumorale (49%). Le score de Mallampati n’a pas pu être évalué dans les 41% des cas, et l’ouverture buccale inférieure à 6 cm est de 57% des cas évalués. Les grades de Cormack III et IV est de 40%.
L’intubation naso - trachéale (INT) a été réalisé chez 47 patients; l’intubation oro – trachéale (IOT) chez 25 patients et la trachéotomie chez 08 patients ; et il y a eu un cas de patient réveillé. Le taux de succès du mandrin d’Eschmann a été de 86% et la fibroscopie, de 67%.
Conclusion: La contiguïté des voies aériennes et l’atteinte anatomique de la lésion requièrent une prise en charge spécifique d’une difficulté à l’accès aux voies aériennes lors de l’anesthésie pour chirurgie maxillo - faciale. Et la décision des matériels et techniques utilisés est dictée par l’ouverture buccale, l’extension de la lésion en intrabuccale et l’abord chirurgicale.
THE ANCIENT-GREEK SPECIAL PROBLEMS, AS THE QUANTIZATION MOULDS OF SPACES.
Authors: Georgallides Markos 
Published: February 2023

The Special Problems of E-geometry consist the , Mould Quantization , of Euclidean Geometry in it , to become → Monad , through mould of Space –Anti-space in itself , which is the material dipole in inner monad Structure as the Electromagnetic cycloidal field → Linearly , through mould of Parallel Theorem [44- 45] , which are the equal distances between points of parallel and line → In Plane , through mould of Squaring the circle [46] , where the two equal and perpendicular monads consist a Plane acquiring the common Plane-meter → and in Space (volume) , through mould of the Duplication of the Cube [46] , where any two Unequal perpendicular monads acquire the common Space-meter to be twice each other , as analytically all methods are proved and explained . [39-41]
The Unification of Space and Energy becomes through [STPL] Geometrical Mould Mechanism of Elements , the minimum Energy-Quanta , In monads → Particles, Anti-particles , Bosons , Gravity – Force , Gravity -Field , Photons , Dark Matter , and Dark-Energy ,consisting Material Dipoles in inner monad Structures i.e. the Electromagnetic Cycloidal Field of monads. [39-41]
Euclid’s elements consist of assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms, proving many other propositions. Because nobody until [9] succeeded to prove the parallel postulate by means of pure geometric logic , many self consistentnon - Euclidean geometries have been discovered , based on Definitions , Axioms or Postulates , in order that none of them contradicts any of the other postulates . In [39] the only Space-Energy geometry is Euclidean , agreeing with the Physical reality , on unit AB = Segment which is The Electromagnetic field of the Quantized on AB Energy Space Vector , on the contrary to the General relativity of Space-time which is based on the rays of the non-Euclidean geometries to the limited velocity of light and Planck`s cavity . Euclidean geometry elucidated the definitions of geometry-content ,{ for Point , Segment , Straight Line , Plane , Volume, Space [S] , Antispace [AS] , Sub-space [SS] , Cave, Space-Anti-Space Mechanism of the Six-Triple-Points-Line , that produces and transfers Points of Spaces , Anti-Spaces and Sub-Spaces in a Common Inertial Sub-Space and a cylinder ,Gravity field [MFMF] , Particles } and describes the Space-Energy beyond Plank´s length level [ Gravity Length 3,969.10 ̄ 62 m ] , reaching the Point = m = 0 m , which is nothing and zero space .[43-46] -The Geometrical solution of the Special Problems is now presented.
HYPOCORISTICS IN ISI ZULU ANTHROPONOMY
Authors: Bonisiwe Zungu Evangeline , Zulu Sylvia , Bariki Isaiah 
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on the context and meaning of hypocoristics in isiZulu. The analysis provided is based on names collected randomly within the isiZulu speaking community. The objective of this paper is to discuss hypocoristics in isiZulu, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa which is also spoken in slightly different forms in other countries of the sub southern African region. Hypocoristics has a variety of definitions. Depending on the context, it could mean one of the following.

An expressive or informal form of a proper name that derives morphologically from a personal name. E.g. Bill and Dick for William and Richard respectively in English.
A diminutive form of a personal name.
An affective diminutive form of a personal name.
A familiar personal name modified by abbreviation.
An expressive form of a child language that sometimes renders the personal name unrecognisable.
A nickname
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Authors: Elena Robu , Mohamed Hajajra 
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, the global education system all over the world has to adapt to multiple changes in geopolitics, demographics, climate and other domains. Today, economically developed countries choose education models that answer the chosen globalization scenario. For example, the American education system is aimed at individualization of the conscience and personality adaptation to the world economics arena, which suits the strategic Western plans of the world globalization scenario. Education system of Russia is based more on the society needs rather than the individual’s needs, which suits the state strategy aimed at the multi-poles world.
What are the main differences of the education systems of leading countries of the world today?
This was the issue of this paper.