bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confronting ethical and social issues related to the genetics of musicality
Authors: Gordon Reyna L. , Martschenko Daphne O. , Nayak Srishti , Niarchou Maria , Morrison Matthew D. , Bell Eamonn , Jacoby Nori , Davis Lea K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNew interdisciplinary research into genetic influences on musicality raises a number of ethical and social issues for future avenues of research and public engagement. The historical intersection of music cognition and eugenics heightens the need to vigilantly weigh the potential risks and benefits of these studies and the use of their outcomes. Here, we bring together diverse disciplinary expertise (complex trait genetics, music cognition, musicology, bioethics, developmental psychology, and neuroscience) to interpret and guide the ethical use of findings from recent and future studies. We discuss a framework for incorporating principles of ethically and socially responsible conduct of musicality genetics research into each stage of the research lifecycle: study design, study implementation, potential applications, and communication.
Regulation of adhesin synthesis in Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Tristano Jake , Danforth David R. , Wargo Matthew J. , Mintz Keith P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram‐negative bacterium associated with periodontal disease and a variety of disseminated extra‐oral infections. Tissue colonization is mediated by fimbriae and non‐fimbriae adhesins resulting in the formation of a sessile bacterial community or biofilm, which confers enhanced resistance to antibiotics and mechanical removal. The environmental changes experienced by A. actinomycetemcomitans during infection are detected and processed by undefined signaling pathways that alter gene expression. In this study, we have characterized the promoter region of the extracellular matrix protein adhesin A (EmaA), which is an important surface adhesin in biofilm biogenesis and disease initiation using a series of deletion constructs consisting of the emaA intergenic region and a promotor‐less lacZ sequence. Two regions of the promoter sequence were found to regulate gene transcription and in silico analysis indicated the presence of multiple transcriptional regulatory binding sequences. Analysis of four regulatory elements, CpxR, ArcA, OxyR, and DeoR, was undertaken in this study. Inactivation of arcA, the regulator moiety of the ArcAB two‐component signaling pathway involved in redox homeostasis, resulted in a decrease in EmaA synthesis and biofilm formation. Analysis of the promoter sequences of other adhesins identified binding sequences for the same regulatory proteins, which suggests that these proteins are involved in the coordinate regulation of adhesins required for colonization and pathogenesis.
SlIAA23‐SlARF6 module controls arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by regulating strigolactone biosynthesis in tomato
Authors: Li Lan , Liu Qianying , Ge Shibei , Tang Mingjia , He Liqun , Zou Yuwen , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAuxins are a class of phytohormones with roles involved in the establishment and maintenance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). Auxin response factors (ARFs) and Auxin/Indole‐acetic acids (AUX/IAAs), as two transcription factors of the auxin signaling pathway, coregulate the transcription of auxin response genes. However, the interrelation and regulatory mechanism of ARFs and AUX/IAAs in regulating AMS are still unclear. In this study, we found that the content of auxin in tomato roots increased sharply and revealed the importance of the auxin signaling pathway in the early stage of AMS. Notably, SlARF6 was found to play a negative role in AMF colonization. Silencing SlARF6 significantly increased the expression of AM‐marker genes, as well as AMF‐induced phosphorus uptake. SlIAA23 could interact with SlARF6 in vivo and in vitro, and promoted the AMS and phosphorus uptake. Interestingly, SlARF6 and SlIAA23 played a contrary role in strigolactone (SL) synthesis and accumulation in AMF‐colonized roots of tomato plants. SlARF6 could directly bind to the AuxRE motif of the SlCCD8 promoter and inhibited its transcription, however, this effect was attenuated by SlIAA23 through interaction with SlARF6. Our results suggest that SlIAA23‐SlARF6 coregulated tomato‐AMS via an SL‐dependent pathway, thus affecting phosphorus uptake in tomato plants.
The causal structure of Frankfurt‐ and PAP‐style cases
Authors: Rellihan Matthew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrankfurt‐style cases suggest that an agent's moral responsibility for an action supervenes on the causal history of that action—at least when epistemic considerations are held constant. However, PAP‐style cases suggest that moral responsibility does not supervene on causal history, for judgments concerning an agent's responsibility for an action are also sensitive to the presence of alternative—and causally idle—possibilities. I appeal to the causal modeling tradition and the definitions of actual causation that derive therefrom in an attempt to resolve this contradiction. I show that even the weakest definitions of actual causation proposed in the literature establish that some PAP‐style cases constitute genuine counterexamples to the supervenience thesis. I consider several responses to these counterexamples on behalf of the defenders of supervenience and show that they fail. Our best current thinking on causation thus appears to be inconsistent with an intuitive and widely held claim concerning the nature of moral responsibility.
Linnebo on reference by abstraction
Authors: Assadian Bahram 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAccording to Øystein Linnebo's account of abstractionism, abstraction principles, received as Fregean criteria of identity, can be used to reduce facts about singular reference to objects such as directions and numbers to facts that do not involve such objects. In this article, first I show how the resources of Linnebo's metasemantics successfully handle Dummett's challenge against the referentiality of the singular terms formed by abstraction principles. Then, I argue that Linnebo's metasemantic commitments do not provide us with tools for dispelling the threat of a version of referential indeterminacy, according to which nothing in our use of a singular term, even when it is guided by an associated criterion of identity, could determine which particular object it refers to. I end by examining the bearing of the indeterminacy challenge to Linnebo's treatment of Frege's Caesar Problem: in the absence of an argument against the indeterminacy of reference, it is unclear how numerical expressions could qualify as genuine singular terms.
Species diversity and distribution of the calcareous green macroalgae Halimeda in Taiwan, Spratly Island, and Dongsha Atoll, with the proposal of Halimeda taiwanensis sp. nov.
Authors: Phetcharat Sinjai , Pattarach Kattika , Chen Pin‐Chen , Wang Wei‐Lung , Liu Shao‐Lun , Mayakun Jaruwan 
Published: March 2023

SUMMARYThe calcified green algal genus Halimeda is one of the most ecologically important but morphologically diverse seaweeds in sub‐tropical and tropical waters. Because of its high morphological plasticity, the identification of Halimeda species based on morphological characters is challenging without the assistance of molecular analysis. To date, the species diversity of Halimeda in Taiwan and its overseas territories has not been investigated with the assistance of DNA sequencing, and this taxonomic knowledge gap should be filled. The present study initiates a systematic examination of the species diversity and distribution of Halimeda in Taiwan, Spratly Island, and Dongsha Atoll in the South China Sea, using DNA sequence data (plastid tufA gene and rbcL) and morphological data. Our DNA analyses revealed the presence of 10 Halimeda species (Halimeda borneensis, Halimeda cylindracea, Halimeda discoidea, Halimeda distorta, Halimeda macroloba, Halimeda minima, Halimeda opuntia, Halimeda renschii, Halimeda taiwanensis sp. nov., and Halimeda velasquezii) in the waters around Taiwan, Spratly Island, and Dongsha Atoll. The majority of the species could be readily distinguished by their morphological and anatomical characters. The proposed new species, H. taiwanensis, was differentiated not only by our algorithmic species delimitation analyses (statistical parsimony network analysis and automated barcode gap discovery), but also by its morphological features. The proposed new species differs from two externally resembled species, H. cuneata and H. discoidea, in having an undulated segment margin, the complete fusion of medullary siphons at the node, the lack of segment stalk, and the presence of a large primary utricle. Here, we present the up‐to‐date taxonomic account, molecular diversity, and geographical distribution of Halimeda spp. in Taiwan and associated areas of the South China Sea. Environmental factors that might drive the occurrence and latitudinal distribution of the species are also discussed.
Investigating the relationship between spiritual well‐being, resilience, and depression: a cross‐sectional study of the elderly
Authors: Zafari Mitra , Sadeghipour Roudsari Masoumeh , Yarmohammadi Soudabeh , Jahangirimehr Azam , Marashi Tayebeh 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundMental health of the elderly is one of the health problems in most societies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between spiritual well‐being (SWB), resilience, and depression among the elderly.MethodsThis descriptive‐correlational study was conducted on 384 elderly selected by convenience‐sampling method. Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT), SWB, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to collect the data. Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and independent t‐test were used to analyze the data. A path analysis was also run to test the direct and indirect effects of SWB and resilience on the depression variable.ResultsThe results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between SWB and resilience (r = 0.458, P < 0.001), a statistically significant negative correlation between SWB and depression (r = −0.471, P < 0.001) and between resilience and depression (r = −0.371, P < 0.001). Path analysis showed that SWB and resilience directly affected depression while SWB indirectly affected depression.ConclusionsThe results indicated there was an inverse relationship between SWB and resilience with depression. Religious programs and appropriate educational programs can help improve SWB and promote resilience in the elderly, which will reduce their depression symptoms.
Cortical sources of electroencephalographic alpha rhythms related to the anticipation and experience of mirror visual feedback‐induced illusion of finger movements
Authors: Rizzo Marco , Del Percio Claudio , Petrini Laura , Lopez Susanna , Arendt‐Nielsen Lars , Babiloni Claudio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMirror visual feedback (MVF) technique consists in placing a mirror in a person's body midline to induce the illusion of bilateral synchronous movements of the limbs during actual unilateral movements. A recent electroencephalographical (EEG) study demonstrated that MVF‐induced illusion was related to the event‐related desynchronization (ERD) of alpha (8–12 Hz) rhythms (cortical activation) at the central and parietal scalp electrodes ipsilateral to the unilateral right finger movements. In the present study, we re‐analyzed those data to localize the cortical sources of alpha ERD during the anticipation and experience of the MVF‐induced illusion of index finger movements. To this aim, the exact Low‐Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography freeware was used for the estimation of the cortical sources of the alpha ERD. Results showed that as compared to the condition without MVF, the MVF condition was characterized by greater (p < .01, uncorrected) alpha ERD sources in right frontopolar areas during the anticipation of the MVF‐induced illusion of left movements. The MVF condition was also characterized by greater (p < .05, corrected) alpha ERD sources in right premotor, primary somatomotor, and posterior inferior parietal areas during both the anticipation and experience of that MVF‐induced illusion. These findings suggest that the MVF‐induced illusory experience of left finger movements may be due to dynamic changes in alpha ERD in associative, premotor, somatomotor, and visuomotor frontal–parietal areas located in the hemisphere contralateral to the mirrored motor acts.
Vocabulary and reading comprehension: what are the links in 7‐ to 10 year‐old children?
Authors: Dujardin Emilie , Ecalle Jean , Auphan Pauline , Bailloud Nicolas , Magnan Annie 
Published: March 2023

The aims of the present study are: (1) to examine the contribution that vocabulary makes to reading comprehension in the Simple View of Reading model in French‐speaking children aged from 7 to 10 years based on the use of an index of efficiency (i.e., speed‐accuracy index); and (2) to investigate the extent to which the contribution of vocabulary to reading comprehension might change according to children's school grade level. Measures of vocabulary depth, word reading (i.e., three levels of word representations, namely orthography, phonology, semantics), listening, and reading comprehension were collected using computer‐based assessments in children from Grades 2 to 5 (N = 237). We examined the contribution of vocabulary in two contrasted groups: a younger group consisting of children from Grades 2–3 and an older group with children from Grades 4–5. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed that vocabulary is a factor separate from word reading, listening and reading comprehension. Moreover, the results from a structural equation modeling analysis showed that word reading and listening comprehension fully mediated the relation between vocabulary and reading comprehension. Consequently, vocabulary had an indirect effect via word reading on reading comprehension in both groups. Finally, word reading had a greater effect on reading comprehension than listening comprehension in both groups. The results suggest that word reading plays a central role in reading comprehension and is underpinned by the influence of vocabulary. We discuss the results in the light of the lexical quality hypotheses taken together with reading comprehension.
The distributive politics of social assistance targeting: Evidence from COVID‐19 relief in Colombia
Authors: Prieto Juan Diego 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHow do governments target social assistance? This article proposes a new typology of targeting that goes beyond the dominant focus on top‐down technical solutions to highlight the important role of informal practices and non‐state actors. Using evidence about the ways local governments in Colombia delivered relief during COVID‐19, the typology identifies and illustrates four ideal types of targeting processes resulting from the intersection between programmatic (or not) eligibility criteria and the role of non‐state actors. The article thus expands the politics of social policy research agenda to the question of targeting, a crucial aspect of policy implementation, in dialogue with scholarship on distributive politics.
Prevalence, incidence and recurrence of sexually transmitted infections in HIV‐negative adult women in a rural South African setting
Authors: Huyveneers Laura E. P. , Maphanga Mathapelo , Umunnakwe Chijioke N. , Bosman‐de Boer Larissa , Moraba Robert S. , Tempelman Hugo A. , Wensing Annemarie M. J. , Hermans Lucas E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveSexually transmitted infections (STIs), including syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis, are of global public health concern. While STI incidence rates in sub‐Saharan Africa are high, longitudinal data on incidence and recurrence of STIs are scarce, particularly in rural areas. We determined the incidence rates of curable STIs in HIV‐negative women during 96 weeks in a rural South African setting.MethodsWe prospectively followed participants enrolled in a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a dapivirine‐containing vaginal ring for HIV prevention in Limpopo province, South Africa. Participants were included if they were female, aged 18–45, sexually active, not pregnant and HIV‐negative. Twelve‐weekly laboratory STI testing was performed during 96 weeks of follow‐up. Treatment was provided based on vaginal discharge by physical examination or after a laboratory‐confirmed STI.ResultsA total of 119 women were included in the study. Prevalence of one or more STIs at baseline was 35.3%. Over 182 person‐years at risk (PYAR), a total of 149 incident STIs were diagnosed in 75 (65.2%) women with incidence rates of 45.6 events/PYAR for chlamydia, 27.4 events/100 PYAR for gonorrhoea and 8.2 events/100 PYAR for trichomoniasis. Forty‐four women developed ≥2 incident STIs. Risk factors for incident STI were in a relationship ≤3 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.86; 95% confidece interval [CI]: 1.04–2.65) and having an STI at baseline (aHR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.17–2.96). Sensitivity and specificity of vaginal discharge for laboratory‐confirmed STI were 23.6% and 87.7%, respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrates high STI incidence in HIV‐negative women in rural South Africa. Sensitivity of vaginal discharge was poor and STI recurrence rates were high, highlighting the shortcomings of syndromic management in the face of asymptomatic STIs in this setting.
A 600 mg of fixed‐dose linezolid in renally impaired patients versus 15 mg/kg intermittent dose‐optimized vancomycin in renally non‐impaired patients: A single centre retrospective analysis for adult patients with hospital‐acquired pneumonia due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Wang Mengqin , Liu Xiao , Tian Zhaoxing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesBoth linezolid and vancomycin are approved by USFDA and IDSA guidelines for the management of nosocomial pneumonia due to methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical practice. Baseline creatinine clearance is the criterion for prescribing vancomycin or linezolid for hospital‐acquired pneumonia in our institution. However, patients with renal function impairment are far more difficult to manage in intensive care. Thus, the objectives of the study were to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of 600 mg of fixed‐dose linezolid with intermittent dose‐optimised vancomycin in hospital‐acquired pneumonia due to MRSA and to evaluate parameters of clinical cure.MethodsAnalysis of a review of patients' charts. Patients with creatinine clearance <80 ml/min received 600 mg linezolid/12 h (n = 139, LN cohort), and patients with creatinine clearance ≥80 ml/min received intravenous 15 mg/kg vancomycin/12 h for 1–2 weeks consecutively or 3 weeks in case of bacteremia (n = 152, VC cohort) for management of hospital‐acquired pneumonia due to MRSA.ResultsA 59% of patients from the LN cohort and 47% of patients from the VC cohort were clinically cured. Administration of systemic steroids (p = 0.0412) and ≥ 80 ml/min creatinine clearance (p = 0.0498) were the independent parameters for the clinical cure of patients. Nephrotoxicity was higher among patients of the VC cohort than the LN cohort (p = 0.0464). Treatment failed in 41% of patients from the LN cohort and in 53% of patients from the VC cohort (p = 0.0200).ConclusionsA 600 mg of fixed‐dose linezolid is an ideal alternative to intermittent dose‐optimised vancomycin for better clinical outcomes for patients with hospital‐acquired pneumonia due to MRSA, especially for patients with renal impairment.
Healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities and antibiotic dispensing patterns in rural Burkina Faso: A mixed methods study
Authors: Valia Daniel , Kouanda Juste Stéphane , Ingelbeen Brecht , Derra Karim , Kaboré Bérenger , Kiemdé François , Rouamba Toussaint , Rouamba Eli , Hien Franck Sovi , Campbell Linda , Meudec Marie , Robert Annie , Tinto Halidou , van der Sande Marianne A. B. , Villalobos Hector Rodriguez 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveOptimising antibiotic use is important to limit increasing antibiotic resistance. In rural Burkina Faso, over‐the‐counter dispensing of antibiotics in community pharmacies and non‐licensed medicine retail outlets facilitates self‐medication. We investigated its extent, reasons and dispensing patterns.MethodsIn an exploratory mixed‐method design conducted between October 2020 and December 2021, this study first explored illness perceptions, the range of healthcare providers in communities, antibiotics knowledge and reasons for seeking healthcare outside healthcare facilities. Second, frequencies of illness and healthcare utilisation in the last 3 months were quantitatively measured.ResultsParticipants distinguished between natural and magico‐religious illnesses, according to origins. For illnesses considered to be ‘natural’, healthcare was mainly sought at healthcare facilities, private pharmacies and informal drug outlets. For illnesses considered as magico‐religious, traditional healers were mainly visited. Antibiotics were perceived in the community as medicines similar to painkillers. Healthcare‐seeking outside healthcare facilities was reported by 660/1973 (33.5%) participants reporting symptoms, including 315 (47.7%) to informal vendors. Healthcare seeking outside facilities was less common for 0–4‐year‐olds (58/534, 10.9% vs. 379/850, 44.1% for ≥5‐year‐olds) and decreased with improving socio‐economic status (108/237, 45.6% in the lowest quintile; 96/418, 23.0% in the highest). Reported reasons included financial limitation, and also proximity to informal drug vendors, long waiting times at healthcare facilities, and health professionals' non‐empathetic attitudes towards their patients.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to facilitate and promote access to healthcare facilities through universal health insurance and patient‐centred care including reducing patients' waiting time. Furthermore, community‐level antibiotic stewardship programmes should include community pharmacies and informal vendors.
Newly recognized blueschist-facies metamorphism (glaucophane-omphacite-garnet), Belvidere Mountain Complex, northern Appalachians
Authors: Honsberger Ian W. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
An occurrence of blueschistfacies metamorphism in the Appalachian orogen is newly recognized in northwestern New England, United States. Inclusions of glaucophane and omphacite occur in a relict garnet core from a retrogressed garnetbarroisite amphibolite of the Belvidere Mountain Complex in Vermont. Pressuretemperature pseudosection and mineral composition isopleth calculations demonstrate that the Belvidere Mountain Complex blueschistfacies mineral assemblage of glaucophane–magnesio-hornblende–omphacite–chlorite–rutile–quartz–clinozoisite–garnet was stable at ~1.65–2.0 GPa and ~450–480 °C. Garnetabsent amphibolite with barroisite and chlorite inclusions in clinozoisite records highpressure epidote-amphibolite–facies metamorphism at ~1.0–1.4 GPa and ~515–550 °C. These new findings quantify deep subduction of the Belvidere Mountain Complex during the Cambrian to Ordovician Taconic orogenic cycle and suggest that more blueschistfacies mineral assemblages could be revealed in the Appalachians with detailed analysis of retrogressed rocks.