bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frailty and Effects of a Multidomain Physical Rehabilitation Intervention Among Older Patients Hospitalized for Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Kitzman Dalane W. , Nelson M. Benjamin , Pastva Amy M. , Duncan Pamela , Whellan David J. , Mentz Robert J. , Chen Haiying , Upadhya Bharathi , Reeves Gordon R. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceFrailty is common among older patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and is associated with worse quality of life (QOL) and a higher risk of clinical events. Frailty can also limit recovery and response to interventions. In the Rehabilitation Therapy in Older Acute Heart Failure Patients (REHAB-HF) trial, a 3-month innovative, early, transitional, tailored, multidomain physical rehabilitation intervention improved physical function and QOL (vs usual care) in older patients with ADHF.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether baseline frailty modified the benefits of the physical rehabilitation intervention among patients with ADHF enrolled in the REHAB-HF trial and to assess the association between changes in frailty with the risk of adverse clinical outcomes on follow-up.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prespecified secondary analysis of the REHAB-HF trial, a multicenter randomized clinical trial, included 337 patients 60 years and older hospitalized for ADHF. Patients were enrolled from September 17, 2014, through September 19, 2019. Participants were stratified across baseline frailty strata as assessed using modified Fried criteria. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to September 2022.InterventionsPhysical rehabilitation intervention or attention control.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcome was the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score at 3 months. Clinical outcomes included all-cause hospitalization or mortality at 6 months.ResultsThis prespecified secondary analysis included 337 participants; 181 (53.7%) were female, 167 (49.6%) were Black, and the mean (SD) age was 72 (8) years. A total of 192 (57.0%) were frail and 145 (43.0%) were prefrail at baseline. A significant interaction was observed between baseline frailty status and the treatment arm for the primary trial end point of overall SPPB score, with a 2.6-fold larger improvement in SPPB with intervention among frail patients (2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-2.9) vs prefrail patients (0.8; 95% CI, −0.1 to 1.6; P for interaction = .03). Trends consistently favored a larger intervention effect size, with significant improvement among frail vs prefrail participants for 6-minute walk distance, QOL, and the geriatric depression score, but interactions did not achieve significance.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prespecified secondary analysis of the REHAB-HF trial, patients with ADHF with worse baseline frailty status had a more significant improvement in physical function in response to an innovative, early, transitional, tailored, multidomain physical rehabilitation intervention than those who were prefrail.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials.gov Identifier: NCT02196038
Development of a Machine Learning Model for Sonographic Assessment of Gestational Age
Authors: Lee Chace , Willis Angelica , Chen Christina , Sieniek Marcin , Watters Amber , Stetson Bethany , Uddin Akib , Wong Jonny , Pilgrim Rory , Chou Katherine , Tse Daniel , Shetty Shravya , Gomes Ryan G. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceFetal ultrasonography is essential for confirmation of gestational age (GA), and accurate GA assessment is important for providing appropriate care throughout pregnancy and for identifying complications, including fetal growth disorders. Derivation of GA from manual fetal biometry measurements (ie, head, abdomen, and femur) is operator dependent and time-consuming.ObjectiveTo develop artificial intelligence (AI) models to estimate GA with higher accuracy and reliability, leveraging standard biometry images and fly-to ultrasonography videos.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsTo improve GA estimates, this diagnostic study used AI to interpret standard plane ultrasonography images and fly-to ultrasonography videos, which are 5- to 10-second videos that can be automatically recorded as part of the standard of care before the still image is captured. Three AI models were developed and validated: (1) an image model using standard plane images, (2) a video model using fly-to videos, and (3) an ensemble model (combining both image and video models). The models were trained and evaluated on data from the Fetal Age Machine Learning Initiative (FAMLI) cohort, which included participants from 2 study sites at Chapel Hill, North Carolina (US), and Lusaka, Zambia. Participants were eligible to be part of this study if they received routine antenatal care at 1 of these sites, were aged 18 years or older, had a viable intrauterine singleton pregnancy, and could provide written consent. They were not eligible if they had known uterine or fetal abnormality, or had any other conditions that would make participation unsafe or complicate interpretation. Data analysis was performed from January to July 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary analysis outcome for GA was the mean difference in absolute error between the GA model estimate and the clinical standard estimate, with the ground truth GA extrapolated from the initial GA estimated at an initial examination.ResultsOf the total cohort of 3842 participants, data were calculated for a test set of 404 participants with a mean (SD) age of 28.8 (5.6) years at enrollment. All models were statistically superior to standard fetal biometry–based GA estimates derived from images captured by expert sonographers. The ensemble model had the lowest mean absolute error compared with the clinical standard fetal biometry (mean [SD] difference, −1.51 [3.96] days; 95% CI, −1.90 to −1.10 days). All 3 models outperformed standard biometry by a more substantial margin on fetuses that were predicted to be small for their GA.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest that AI models have the potential to empower trained operators to estimate GA with higher accuracy.
Social Work Staffing and Use of Palliative Care Among Recently Hospitalized Veterans
Authors: Cornell Portia Y. , Halladay Christopher W. , Montano Anna-Rae , Celardo Caitlin , Chmelka Gina , Silva Jennifer W. , Rudolph James L. 
Published: January 2023

ImportancePalliative care improves quality of life for patients and families but may be underused.ObjectiveTo assess the association of an intervention to increase social work staffing in Veterans Health Administration primary care teams with use of palliative care among veterans with a recent hospitalization.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used differences-in-differences analyses of the change in palliative care use associated with implementation of the Social Work Patient Aligned Care Team (PACT) staffing program, conducted from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2019. The study included 71 VA primary care sites serving rural veterans. Participants were adult veterans who received primary care services from a site enrolled in the program and who received inpatient hospital care. Data were analyzed from January 2020 to August 2022.ExposuresThe PACT staffing program was a clinic-level intervention that provided 3-year seed funding to Veterans Health Administration medical centers to hire 1 or more additional social workers in primary care teams. Staggered timing of the intervention enabled comparison of mean outcomes across sites before and after the intervention.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the number of individuals per 1000 veterans who had any palliative care use in 30 days after an inpatient hospital stay.ResultsThe analytic sample included 43 200 veterans (mean [SD] age, 65.34 [13.95] years; 37 259 [86.25%] men) and a total of 91 675 episodes of inpatient hospital care. Among the total cohort, 8611 veterans (9.39%) were Black, 77 069 veterans (84.07%) were White, and 2679 veterans (2.92%) were another race (including American Indian or Alaskan Native, Asian, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander). A mean of 14.5 individuals per 1000 veterans (1329 individuals in all) used palliative care after a hospital stay. After the intervention, there was an increase of 15.6 (95% CI, 9.2-22.3) individuals per 1000 veterans using palliative or hospice care after a hospital stay, controlling for national time trends and veteran characteristics—a 2-fold difference relative to the mean.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found significant increases in use of palliative care for recently hospitalized veterans whose primary care team had additional social work staffing. These findings suggest that social workers may increase access to and/or use of palliative care. Future work should assess the mechanism for this association and whether the increase in palliative care is associated with other health or health care outcomes.
Organization factors influencing quality of work life among seniors’ care workers with severe low back pain
Authors: Iwakiri Kazuyuki , Sotoyama Midori , Takahashi Masaya , Liu Xinxin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of work-related low back pain (LBP) is high among care workers and can negatively affect quality of work life (QWL). To improve workplace satisfaction, this study aimed to identify factors influencing QWL among seniors’ care workers with severe LBP.

Methods
A questionnaire survey including items on demographics, qualifications, basic job responsibilities, job stressors, LBP severity, QWL, and job satisfaction was conducted in 2018. In total, 1000 senior care facilities were selected via random sampling and eight care workers per institution were asked to complete the survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent factors influencing QWL of care workers with and without severe LBP.

Results
Data from 1247 care workers with severe LBP and 2009 with nonsevere LBP were included in the analysis. Overall QWL was lower in the severe LBP group than in the nonsevere LBP group. In both groups, human relationships, workplace support, discretionary responsibility level, and working hours or time off were identified as common factors influencing QWL. In the severe LBP group, the salary was also a significant influence on QWL, while in the nonsevere LBP group, the number of workers, promotion or official position, and caregiving technique were identified as significant QWL factors.

Conclusions
The QWL of care workers with severe LBP was strongly influenced by salary. Since care workers suffering from severe LBP are working for a salary while enduring the pain and do not have found a worth doing, they need to prevent LBP and get job satisfaction and self-progress.
Cervical spinal cord atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis across disease stages
Authors: Nigri Anna , Dalla Bella Eleonora , Ferraro Stefania , Medina Carrion Jean Paul , Demichelis Greta , Bersano Enrica , Consonni Monica , Bischof Antje , Stanziano Mario , Palermo Sara , Lauria Giuseppe , Bruzzone Maria Grazia , Papinutto Nico 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveSpinal cord degeneration is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The assessment of gray matter and white matter cervical spinal cord atrophy across clinical stages defined using the King's staging system could advance the understanding of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression.MethodsWe assessed the in vivo spatial pattern of gray and white matter atrophy along cervical spinal cord (C2 to C6 segments) using 2D phase‐sensitive inversion recovery imaging in a cohort of 44 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients, evaluating its change across the King's stages and the correlation with disability scored by the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis functional rating scale revised (ALSFRS‐R) and disease duration. A mathematical model inferring the potential onset of cervical gray matter atrophy was developed.ResultsIn amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients at King's stage 1, significant cervical spinal cord alterations were mainly identified in gray matter, whereas they involved both gray and white matter in patients at King's stage ≥ 2. Gray and white matter areas correlated with clinical disability at all cervical segments. C3–C4 level was the segment showing early gray matter atrophy starting about 7 to 20 months before symptom onset according to our model.InterpretationOur findings suggest that cervical spinal cord atrophy spreads from gray to white matter across King's stages in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, making spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging an in vivo assessment tool to measure the progression of the disease.
Intracranial plaque with large lipid core is associated with embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Tao Lin , Wang Xin‐Hong , Li Xiao‐Qiu , Dai Ying‐Jie , Yang Ben‐Qiang , Chen Hui‐Sheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate an association between percentage lipid‐rich necrotic core (LRNC) and an index ischemic stroke in an embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) cohort.MethodsA total of 167 ESUS patients with 259 non‐stenotic intracranial plaques including 155 ipsilateral and 104 contralateral to stroke were finally enrolled in the current analysis. The multi‐dimensional parameters involving remodeling index (RI), plaque burden (PB), LRNC, discontinuity of plaque surface (DPS), intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH), and vulnerable plaque defined as presence of complicated plaque were evaluated by high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWe found that %LRNC was an independent predictor for ESUS in model 1 (OR: 2.574, 95% CI: 1.854–3.573, P < 0.001), and model 2 (OR: 2.550, 95% CI: 1.835–3.545, P < 0.001), but the association was not seen in PB. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the discrimination of LRNC for ESUS was significantly superior to that of PB (absolute difference: 0.121, 95% CI: 0.056–0.205, P < 0.001). Importantly, a significantly positive synergy between the remodeling pattern and LRNC in response to plaque vulnerability was found by Sankey diagram (P for interaction = 0.001).ConclusionThis is the first report that LRNC, beyond PB, may be correlated with an index ESUS, and a synergistic effect between positive remodeling and larger LRNC could promote plaque vulnerability. The findings suggest that a potential target subgroup may benefit from stroke prevention with intensive statin, although this must be confirmed in future.
Design and Development of Extracellular Matrix Protein‐Based Microcapsules as Tools for Bacteria Investigation
Authors: Pashapour Sadaf , Seneca Senne , Schröter Martin , Frischknecht Friedrich , Platzman Ilia , Spatz Joachim 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an immense role in the homeostasis of tissues and organs, can function as a barrier for infectious agents, but is also exploited by pathogens during infection. Therefore, the development of well‐defined 3D ECM models in the form of microcapsules to elucidate the interactions between ECM components and pathogens in confinement and study disease infectivity is important, albeit challenging. Current limitations are mainly attributed to the lack of biocompatible methods for the production of protein‐based microcapsules. Herein, hollow ECM‐based microcapsules from laminin‐111 or laminin‐111/collagen IV are generated to investigate the behavior of organisms within confined 3D extracellular matrices. Microcapsules are created using water‐in‐oil emulsion droplets stabilized by block copolymer surfactants as templates for the charge‐mediated attraction of laminin or laminin‐collagen proteins to the droplets’ inner periphery, allowing for the formation of modular ECM‐based microcapsules with tunable biophysical and biochemical properties and organism encapsulation. The release of E. coli‐laden ECM‐based protein microcapsules into a physiological environment revealed differences in the dynamic behavior of E. coli depending on the constitution of the surrounding ECM protein matrix. The developed ECM‐based protein microcapsules have the potential to be implemented in several biomedical applications, including the design of in vitro infection models.
Synthesis of 3‐Methylidene‐2,3‐dihydropyrroles via Formal 1,2‐Enamine Migration/Cyclization Cascade of Rhodium Carbenes
Authors: Jie Yuchen , Hu Huiqin , Xu Ze‐Feng , Duan Shengguo , Li Chuan‐Ying 
Published: January 2023

Abstract3‐Methylidene‐2,3‐dihydropyrroles with an ester or keto group at the C4 position were obtained in moderate to good yields from enamine‐tethered triazoles in the presence of a rhodium(II) catalyst. A formal 1,2‐enamine migration/cyclization cascade triggered by formation of an α‐amino carbene is proposed to illustrate the mechanism. The valuable exocyclic double bond showed distinctive reactivity, which is very useful for further introduction of functional groups. The dihydropyrrole is stable under neutral, weakly acidic, or weakly basic conditions.magnified image
B−N Coordinated Phenanthroimidazole‐Based Zinc‐Salen as a Photocatalyst for the Synthesis of Oxazolidinones using Carbon Dioxide as a C1 Source under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Nayak Prakash , Chandrasekar Murali Anna , Rao Velpuri Venkateswara , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Venkatasubbaiah Krishnan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCycloaddition of carbon dioxide (CO2) with aziridine catalyzed by a zinc‐salen having B−N coordinated phenanthroimidazole motif as a photocatalyst (1), at 1 bar CO2 pressure and room temperature under solvent free condition is presented. The photocatalyst exhibited excellent selectivity and tolerates a variety of substituted aziridines, and successfully produces the corresponding oxazolidinones at mild conditions.magnified image
Comparing self‐reported obstructive airway disease in firefighters with and without World Trade Center exposure
Authors: Mueller Alexandra K. , Singh Ankura , Webber Mayris P. , Hall Charles B. , Prezant David J. , Zeig‐Owens Rachel 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe degree to which routine, non‐World Trade Center (WTC) firefighting exposures contribute to the WTC exposure‐obstructive airway disease (OAD) relationship is unknown. Our objective was to compare the frequency of self‐reported OAD diagnoses in WTC‐exposed firefighters from the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) compared with non‐WTC‐exposed firefighters from other cities and the general population.MethodsA total of 9792 WTC‐exposed male FDNY firefighters and 3138 non‐WTC‐exposed male firefighters from Chicago, Philadelphia, and San Francisco who were actively employed on 9/11/01 and completed a health questionnaire were included. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios of self‐reported asthma and COPD diagnoses in firefighters (WTC‐exposed vs. non‐WTC‐exposed; all firefighters vs. general population), adjusting for age, race, smoking status, and last medical visit.ResultsWTC‐exposed firefighters were, on average, younger on 9/11 (mean ± SD = 40.2 ± 7.4 vs. 44.1 ± 9.1) and less likely to report ever‐smoking (32.9% vs. 41.8%) than non‐WTC‐exposed firefighters. Odds of any OAD and asthma were 4.5 and 6.3 times greater, respectively, in WTC‐exposed versus non‐WTC‐exposed. Odds of COPD were also greater in WTC‐exposed versus non‐WTC‐exposed, particularly among never‐smokers. Compared with the general population, WTC‐exposed firefighters had greater odds of both asthma and COPD, while the nonexposed had lower odds of asthma and greater odds of COPD.ConclusionsOdds ratios for OAD diagnoses were greater in WTC‐exposed firefighters versus both non‐WTC‐exposed and the general population after adjusting for covariates. While asthma and other OADs are known occupational hazards of firefighting, WTC exposure significantly compounded these adverse respiratory effects.
How do Australian policymakers frame the causes of and policy solutions to poverty? A critical examination of Anti‐Poverty Week parliamentary debates from 2012 to 2021
Authors: Mendes Philip , Roche Steven 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, poverty has increasingly been marginalised in Australian policy discourse. One strategy used by social justice advocates to revitalise a poverty policy agenda has been the annual Anti‐Poverty Week campaign, which aims to stimulate community debate around policy innovations to relieve poverty. This paper analyses the Commonwealth parliamentary debates around Anti‐Poverty Week for 10 years from 2012 to 2021. We analyse and compare how politicians from three political parties – the Liberal and National Party Coalition, the Australian Labor Party and The Australian Greens – identified the key statistics for and groups in poverty, their sources of evidence, the consequences of poverty for those affected, the causes of poverty including whether or not disadvantage was linked to wider structural inequities, and the framing of poverty and potential policy solutions. Some conclusions are drawn from these findings about potential strategies for reinvigorating the poverty debate.
Isolierung eines anellierten 1,4‐Distibabenzol‐Diradikaloids
Authors: Steffenfauseweh Henric , Rottschäfer Dennis , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Szczepanik Dariusz W. , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDie erste 1,4‐Distabenzol‐1,4‐diid‐Verbindung [(ADC)Sb]2 (5) auf der Basis eines anionischen Dicarbens (ADC) (ADC=PhC{N(Dipp)C}2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) wird als bordeauxroter Feststoff berichtet. Verbindung 5, die einen zentralen sechsgliedrigen C4Sb2‐Ring mit formalen SbI‐Atomen aufweist, kann als ein Basen‐stabilisiertes cyclisches Bis‐Stibiniden betrachtet werden, in dem jedes der Sb‐Atome zwei freie Elektronenpaare trägt. 5 geht eine 2e‐Oxidation mit Ph3C[B(C6F5)4] ein und bildet [(ADC)Sb]2[B(C6F5)4]2 (6) als ziegelroten Feststoff. Jedes der Sb‐Atome von 6 hat ein ungepaartes Elektron und ein freies Elektronenpaar. Die offenschalige Singulett‐Diradikal‐Lösung (broken‐symmetry) für (6)2+ ist um 2.13 kcal mol−1 stabiler als die geschlossenschalige Singulett‐Lösung. Der diradikalische Charakter von (6)2+ beträgt nach SS‐CASSCF (state‐specific complete active space self‐consistent field) und UHF (unrestricted Hartree‐Fock) 39 % bzw. 36 %. Die Behandlung von 6 mit (PhE)2 ergibt [(ADC)Sb(EPh)]2[B(C6F5)4]2 (7‐E) (E=S oder Se). Die Reaktion von 5 mit (cod)Mo(CO)4 führt zu [(ADC)Sb]2Mo(CO)4 (8).
Ferroelectric and relaxor ferroelectric activities of the P(VDF‐TrFE) and its blends synthesized by (SiMe3)3SiHhydrogenation process
Authors: Wang Rong , Xia Weimin , Zhang Xiaofang , Xi Yuanyuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA group of ferroelectric polyvinylidene‐trifluoroethylene (P(VDF‐TrFE)) with 6, 9, 20, and 50 mol% trifluoroethylene (TrFE) is synthesized by an hydrogenation process using a new catalyst (SiMe3)3SiH from polyvinylidene‐chlorotrifluoroethylene. We find the crystalline region of hydrogenated P(VDF‐TrFE) 80/20 mol% isβcrystal phase predominant, which is responsible to the favorable ferroelectric property. Moreover, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) blending is used to fabricate the ferroelectric and relaxor ferroelectric properties of P(VDF‐TrFE) 80/20 mol%. Interestingly, with the increasing of PVDF content, PVDF/P(VDF‐TrFE) has three successional conversion stages of ferroelectricity, antiferroelectricity, and relaxor ferroelectricity, respectively, indicating that theβcrystal domains in hydrogenated P(VDF‐TrFE) films gradually reduces with the introduction of PVDF. Otherwise, after an unidirectional stretching process, the ferroelectricity of relaxor PVDF/P(VDF‐TrFE) blend film is reformed. As such, the maximum polarization (Pm) and remnant polarization (Pr) of stretched PVDF/P(VDF‐TrFE) with 90 wt% PVDF reached to 13.8 and 7.5 μC/cm2under 200 MV/m, respectively. Thus, the three methods proposed in this work including fabricating configuration by changing TrFE content, physical blending by introduction of PVDF, and simple stretching can modify the ferroelectric performances of this hydrogenated P(VDF‐TrFE), which also provides a reference of application of this polymer on ferroelectric areas.