bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Top and Buried Surface Optimization for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Liu Chang , Huang Kaixin , Hu Bihua , Li Yaru , Zhang Luozheng , Zhou Xianyong , Liu Yanliang , Liu Zhixin , Sheng Yifa , Chen Shi , Wang Xingzhu , Xu Baomin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlthough much progress is made toward enhancing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), their operational reliability, particularly their mechanical stability, which is a crucial factor for flexible PSCs (f‐PCSs), has not attracted sufficient attention. The defects in the perovskite layer, especially on the top and the buried surface of the perovskite layer, can induce perovskite fracture, highly limiting the performance of f‐PSCs. Herein, a novel multifunctional organic salt, metformin hydrochloride, which can passivate cationic and anionic defects, is incorporated on both the top and buried surfaces of perovskite layer to suppress defects. As a result, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.40% for rigid PSCs and a PCE of 22.04% for f‐PSCs are achieved. Simultaneously, the device can retain 90% and 80% of the initial efficiency after 1000 h of light illumination and 10 000 bending cycles, respectively, showing excellent operational stability. This study may provide a global way to design a passivation strategy and fabricate flexible perovskite solar cells with high efficiency and stability.
Hierarchically Structured Hydroxyapatite Particles Facilitate the Enhanced Integration and Selective Anti‐Tumor Effects of Amphiphilic Prodrug for Osteosarcoma Therapy
Authors: Xu Dong , Wan Yuxin , Xie Zhenze , Du Chang , Wang Yingjun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEfficient delivery of cargo into target cells is a formidable challenge in modern medicine. Despite the great promise of biomimetic hydroxyapatite (HA) particles in tissue engineering, their potential applications in bone tumor therapy, particularly their structure–function relationships in cargo delivery to target cells, have not yet been well explored. In this study, biomimetic multifunctional composite microparticles (Bm‐cMPs) are developed by integrating an amphiphilic prodrug of curcumin with hierarchically structured HA microspheres (Hs‐hMPs). Then, the effects of the hierarchical structure of vehicles on the integration and delivery of cargo as well as the anti‐osteosarcoma (OS) effect of the composite are determined. Different hierarchical structures of the vehicles strongly influence the self‐assembly behavior of the prodrug. The flake‐like crystals of Hs‐hMPs enable the highest loading capacity and enhance the stability of the cargo. Compared to the normal cells, OS cells exhibit 3.56‐times better uptake of flake‐like Hs‐hMPs, facilitating the selective anti‐tumor effect of the prodrug. Moreover, Bm‐cMPs suppress tumor growth and metastasis by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor vascularization. The findings shed light on the potential application of Bm‐cMPs and suggest a feasible strategy for developing an effective targeted therapy platform using hierarchically structured minerals for OS treatment.
Smart Triboelectric Nanogenerators Toward Human‐Oriented Technologies: Health Monitoring, Wound Healing, Drug Delivery
Authors: Yum Han‐Yup , Han Sang A , Konstantinov Konstantin , Kim Sang‐Woo , Kim Jung Ho 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAdvanced biotechnologies applying electricity to the human body have been studied and developed for a long time since their first invention, but these technologies still have explicit limitations that block their practical application to humans. In these circumstances, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has emerged as a breakthrough in the biotechnology field with its intrinsic advantages. In this review, an overview of the current development of TENGs for human‐oriented technologies is provided. The review starts with a brief explanation of the TENG mechanism and presents detailed reasons why it has become a focal point in these fields. Then, there are clear explanations of the TENG applicable mechanism in the field of health monitoring, wound healing, and drug delivery. After each explanation, related research and materials are covered in full detail, and all relevant research information is listed in the table. Finally, challenges and perspectives will be discussed for each part's future studies.
Real‐Time Monitoring of Cellular Barrier Functionality with Dynamic‐Mode Current‐Driven Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Lieberth Katharina , Pavlou Aristea , Harig Daria , Blom Paul W. M. , Gkoupidenis Paschalis , Torricelli Fabrizio 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCellular barriers control fundamental physiological functions in animals and plants. Accurate detection of barrier dysfunction requires real‐time monitoring. Organic electrochemical transistors are a promising bioelectronic platform to monitoring cellular barriers. However, current approaches are not ideally suited for direct and real‐time measurements: they require off‐line model‐based data analysis or slow measurement operation to achieve equilibrium conditions. Herein, dynamic‐mode current‐driven organic electrochemical transistors are proposed for direct real‐time monitoring of cellular barrier functionality. In contrast to current approaches, the organic electrochemical transistor is operated under nonequilibrium conditions. The approach shows a sensitivity larger than 350 × 10−6 V (Ω cm2)−1 with an operating range of 13–640 Ω cm2. The sensitivity can be optimized on‐line by simply changing the dynamic conditions and real‐time monitoring of reversible barrier functionality is demonstrated by using a tight‐junction modulator with a concentration as‐low‐as 122 × 10−6 m. The theoretical foundation of the method is provided. The analysis shows the general applicability of the approach, opening opportunities for precision in vitro bioelectronics and medical diagnostic.
Controlling the Stem Cell Environment Via Conducting Polymer Hydrogels to Enhance Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Santhanam Sruthi , Feig Vivian R. , McConnell Kelly W. , Song Shang , Gardner Emily E. , Patel Jainith J. , Shan Dingying , Bao Zhenan , George Paul M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStem cells are a promising treatment option for various neurological diseases such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, the ideal environment to optimize the therapeutic potential of the cells remains poorly understood. Stem cells in the native environment are influenced by a combination of mechanical, chemical, and electrical cues for proliferation and differentiation. Because of their controllable properties, conductive hydrogels are promising biomaterials to interact with stem cells. Herein, this work develops an interpenetrating conducting polymer hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties. The hydrogel serves as a platform to provide mechanical and electrical cues for interactions with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This work optimizes the formulation of the hydrogel for maximum viability of MSCs and relatively higher cytoskeletal protein expression. The viability of cells is not affected due to electrical stimulation (ES). Further, ES alters the trophic factor secretion of MSCs, with significant increase in VEGF pathway genes—VEGFA and HSPB1. In addition, substrate stiffness of the hydrogel enhances the VEGFB secretion compared to control. Hence, the conducting polymer hydrogel system creates a tunable physical and electrical niche to enhance the therapeutic potential of stem cells for neurological injuries.
Suppressed Trap Density Leads to Versatile p‐i‐n Heterojunction Photodiode with Enhanced Photovoltaic/Photodetection Dual‐Function
Authors: Wei Yi , Li Zining , Feng Jiajing , Chen Yu , Zhang Jianqi , Li Yawen , Jiang Wei , Zhai Tianrui , Lin Yuze , Wei Zhixiang , Wang Zhaohui , Liang Ningning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultifunctional integration of optoelectronic devices within a single photodiode is in high demand for next‐generation on‐chip multifunctional integration and Internet of Things applications. Owing to the rapidity of nucleation‐crystallization that is associated with the solution method, large trap state densities (Nt), and consequently, severe dark current densities, as well as recombination losses are generally induced, which are detrimental to the detectivity (D*) of organic photodetectors (OPDs) and to the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, a versatile p‐i‐n heterojunction organic photodiode with optimized vertical phase distribution and rational solid‐state packing is fabricated via a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition procedure entailing the introduction of a rylene‐fullerene hybrid as a morphological modulator. This precisely controlled photodiode displayed suppressed Nt (2.5 × 1016 cm−3), low‐lying Urbach energy Eu (23.2 meV), as well as synergistically reduced series resistance, dark current, and sub‐bandgap radiative/non‐radiative recombination losses. Consequently, this ternary‐pseudo‐bilayer‐type photodiode exhibits excellent dual‐function performance with an outstanding D* of 9.48 × 1011 Jones in self‐powered OPD mode and a surprisingly suppressed energy loss of 0.538 eV in OPV mode. This study provides important insights into the mechanism and effects of trap density and energy disorder suppression in solution‐processed multifunctional integrated photoelectric conversion diodes.
Transition‐Metal‐Free α‐C‐Alkylation of Oxindoles with Alcohols
Authors: Duan Yu‐Tong , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTransition‐metal‐free α‐C‐alkylation of oxindoles with alcohols was performed. The reaction requires the presence of LiOtBu and proceeds under thermal conditions. The method exhibits a wide scope of substrates. Both primary and secondary aliphatic and aromatic alcohols can be employed as the alkylating reagents. Oxindole and various 1‐alkyl‐ or 1‐aryl‐substituted oxindoles can be alkylated. The mechanistic studies show that the reaction may involve both free radical and aldol condensation/MPV processes.
The fragility of therapists and clients as a generative context
Authors: Crescini Silvia , Vidal Laura , Fernández Giselle López 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article describes our work at the interface between the legal and the psychosocial in relation to mental health needs arising in families. Working at the legal–psychosocial interface, interventions and treatment strategies are not given in advance but are built with all those involved, including the family and those who may be significant for the family as well as family therapists and judicial practitioners. In addition, psychology students from the UBA (Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina) who are engaged for their professional practice in the area of Justice—Working with Families in the Legal Field—observe and actively participate in this process. The work at the legal–psychosocial interface is interdisciplinary and requires a permanent dialogic effort among all practitioners of the different disciplines in order to promote alternatives that generate innovative solutions.
Adaptive critic learning for event‐triggered safe control of nonlinear safety‐critical systems
Authors: Qin Chunbin , Zhu Heyang , Wang Jinguang , Hou Yandong , Hu Shaolin , Zhang Dehua , Xiao Qiyang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this paper, an event‐triggered safe control method based on adaptive critic learning (ACL) is proposed for a class of nonlinear safety‐critical systems. First, a safe cost function is constructed by adding a control barrier function (CBF) to the traditional quadratic cost function; the optimization problem with safety constraints that is difficult to deal with by classical ACL methods is solved. Subsequently, the event‐triggered scheme is introduced to reduce the amount of computation. Further, combining the properties of CBF with the ACL‐based event‐triggering mechanism, the event‐triggered safe Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is derived, and a single critic neural network (NN) framework is constructed to approximate the solution of the event‐triggered safe HJB equation. In addition, the concurrent learning method is applied to the NN learning process, so that the persistence of excitation (PE) condition is not required. The weight approximation error of the NN and the states of the system are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) in the safe set with the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the availability of the presented method can be validated through the simulation.
Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention 2022–2027 strategic plan
Authors: Makris Susan L. , Beyer Bruce K. , DeLise Anthony , Williams Amy L. , Roberts Linda G. , Hardy Janet R. , Robinson Joshua F. , Feldkamp Marcia L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe sixth Strategic Planning Session of the Society for Birth Defects Research and Prevention (BDRP) was held on April 24–25, 2022, in Alexandria, VA.MethodsThis effort built upon previous strategic planning sessions, conducted every 5 years.ResultsThe overall process was designed to identify BDRP's vision, purpose, culture, and potential, as well as to communicate the value that BDRP brings to its members, volunteers, partners, and the greater community.ConclusionsThe BDRP 2022–2027 Strategic Plan provides the BDRP leadership, members, and staff with a clearly articulated framework and direction to support long‐term sustainability and growth of the society.
Lampbrush chromosome studies in the post‐genomic era
Authors: Krasikova Alla , Fishman Veniamin , Kulikova Tatiana 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExtraordinary extended lampbrush chromosomes with thousands of transcription loops are favorable objects in chromosome biology. Chromosomes become lampbrushy due to unusually high rate of transcription during oogenesis. However, until recently, the information on the spectrum of transcribed sequences as well as genomic context of individual chromomeres was mainly limited to tandemly repetitive elements. Here we briefly outline novel findings and future directions in lampbrush chromosome studies in the post‐genomic era. We emphasize the fruitfulness of combining genome‐wide approaches with microscopy imaging techniques using lampbrush chromosomes as a remarkable model object. We believe that new data on the spectrum of sequences transcribed on the lateral loops of lampbrush chromosomes and their structural organization push the boundaries in the discussion of their biological role. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/zexoHfzX9rM
Contemporary prevalence estimates of undiagnosed and diagnosed atrial fibrillation in the United States
Authors: Turakhia Mintu P. , Guo Jennifer D. , Keshishian Allison , Delinger Rachel , Sun Xiaoxi , Ferri Mauricio , Russ Cristina , Cato Matthew , Yuce Huseyin , Hlavacek Patrick 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence estimates vary and have been based on cohorts with clinically established or diagnosed disease. Undiagnosed AF prevalence estimates are less certain as they are based on nongeneralizable convenience samples.HypothesisBecause AF is often asymptomatic, it my remain undiagnosed until the development of complications such as stroke or heart failure. Consequently, the observed prevalence of diagnosed AF from the literature may underestimate total disease burden. We therefore sought to estimate the total prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed AF.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study from 2012 to 2017 using data from five US medical claims data sets. Undiagnosed AF prevalence was estimated based on the observed incidence of ischemic stroke, systemic embolism (SE), and AF incidence after a stroke/SE. The diagnosed AF cohort included AF patients between Q1 2014 and Q3 2015. The undiagnosed AF cohort were patients with assumed undiagnosed AF in the year before a stroke/SE and who were newly diagnosed with AF in the 3‐month poststroke/SE. Stroke/SE incidence was calculated among all AF patients and the ratio of number of undiagnosed AF patients to stroke rate was created. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted estimates were stratified by period of assumed undiagnosed AF before poststroke/SE AF diagnosis (1 or 2 years).ResultsThe estimated US prevalence of AF (diagnosed and undiagnosed) in Q3 2015 was 5 628 000 cases, of which 591 000 cases (11%) were undiagnosed. The assumed 2‐year undiagnosed AF prevalence was 23% (1 531 000) of the total prevalent patients with AF (6 568 000). Undiagnosed (vs. diagnosed) AF patients were older and had higher CHA2DS2‐VASc scores. Of undiagnosed AF, 93% had CHA2DS2‐VASc ≥2 and met OAC criteria.ConclusionsThese contemporary estimates demonstrate the high prevalence of undiagnosed AF in the United States. Undiagnosed AF patients are composed of primarily elderly individuals who if diagnosed, would meet criteria for stroke prevention therapy.
A Colorimetric Paper Sensor Based on Self‐assembled Nanocomposite Pd−Pt@hemin‐rGO/CNTs‐COOH for the Detection of H2O2
Authors: Li Yanyu , Zhang Xiaoyue , Shen Jinglin , Qi Wei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNanocomposite enzymes are attracting intensive attention worldwide. In the present study, a novel colorimetric H2O2 paper sensor was developed based on a new type of nanocomposites composed of Pd−Pt nanoparticles, hemin functionalized reduced graphene oxide (hemin‐rGO) and carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs‐COOH). The proposed nanocomposites show a high peroxidase‐like activity. It provides a sensitive platform showing a linear response toward H2O2 in the range of 0.05–500 μM with a determination limit of 0.01 μM. Based on this, the composites were applied to construct a paper sensor for H2O2 detection in real samples. The cost‐effectiveness, simplicity and efficiency of this paper sensor could be developed for “point‐of‐care” analysis and other related areas.
MP‐HTLC: Enabling blockchain interoperability through a multiparty implementation of the hash time‐lock contract
Authors: Barbàra Fadi , Schifanella Claudio 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe idea of hash time‐lock contracts (HTLCs) has been around from 2013. Nowadays these contracts power the majority of atomic swaps making decentralized exchange of tokens possible. On the other hand, HTLCs also have some flaws. For example they can only be instantiated between two parties. This is highly inefficient when many participants want to exchange tokens between the same pair of blockchains at the same time, because the number of transactions increases linearly in the number of participants. To solve this problem, in this article, we present MP‐HTLC. MP‐HTLC lets multiple users exchange tokens on different blockchains in a single instantiation of the protocol without any leader election. We prove that in case of a UTXO‐based blockchain the number of transactions remains constant regardless the number of participants. We are able to maintain the security assumptions of HTLCs using multiparty computation in the creation of the secret preimage and threshold signatures to manage transaction signing. We also present an implementation for each of the aspects of the protocol.
Optimizing barium promoter for nickel catalyst supported on yttria‐stabilized zirconia in dry reforming of methane
Authors: Al‐Fatesh Ahmed Sadeq , Ibrahim Ahmed Aidid , Osman Ahmed I. , Albaqi Fahad , Arasheed Rasheed , Francesco Frusteri , Serena Todaro , Anojaidi Khalid , Lanre Mahmud Sofiu , Abasaeed Ahmed Elhag , Fakeeha Anis Hamza , Bentalib Abdulaziz , Bagabas Abdulaziz 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBarium doping effect on the activity and stability of nickel‐based catalysts, supported on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (Ni‐YZr), was investigated in dry reforming of methane. Catalysts were characterized by several techniques (nitrogen sorption, X‐ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray, transmission electron microscopy [TEM], thermogravimetric analysis [TGA], temperature programmed oxidation, CO2‐TPD, H2‐TPR) and were tested in a fixed‐bed reactor at 800°C and 42,000 mL/h gcat. Barium played a crucial role in enhancing catalyst reducibility and CO2 adsorption at high temperatures, as indicated by the activity and stability of the Ni‐YZr catalyst. The addition of 4.0 wt% of barium appeared to be the optimal loading, allowing for CH4 conversion of 82%, which remained constant for 7 h of reaction, compared with 72% of barium‐unpromoted Ni‐YZr at 800°C. TEM images of the spent catalysts revealed the formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on all samples. The TGA analysis showed, however, that an increase in baria loading significantly reduced the coke formation amount, indicating the inhibition of coke formation and the enhancement of the catalytic activity. Such improvement in activity and stability was attributed to the incorporation of barium into YZr support, as revealed by XRD analysis, which inhibited the sintering of the catalysts support.
Operational optimization on large‐scale combined heat and power units with low‐pressure cylinder near‐zero output
Authors: Wang Zijie , Gu Yujiong , Zhao Ziliang , Lu Shuyin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMany power plants have been transformed and operated using low‐pressure cylinder near‐zero output (LP‐ZO) technology in China to make way for or provide necessary guarantees for renewable energy power generation. This research focuses on utilizing numerical simulation tools to improve the operational economy of units with LP‐ZO. The LP‐ZO thermodynamic and energy‐consumption model of a reference plant is established, and the momentum particle swarm optimization method is used to optimize the unit operations. Moreover, a model to determine the economic operational range of the combined heat and power plant with LP‐ZO is proposed. The results show that the LP‐ZO mode operations of the unit can reduce the minimum peak shaving rate and improve the flexibility of operations. The energy efficiency of the LP‐ZO mode is increased due to the recovery of a significant portion of the cold source losses. However, the irreversible exergy loss caused by large temperature difference heat exchange reduces the exergy efficiency of the unit. After operational optimization, the reference plant can save approximately 68.15 t d−1 of coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by about 27 t tce−1 d−1. This study provides an operating approach to the CHP plant with LP‐ZO unit in enhancing flexibility and economy.
Recent advances in the effect of ultrasound on the binding of protein−polyphenol complexes in foodstuff
Authors: Liu Jiayuan , Song Gongshuai , Zhou Like , Yuan Yawen , Wang Danli , Yuan Tinglan , Li Ling , Yuan Haina , Xiao Gongnian , Gong Jinyan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFoodstuff is a complex system that consists of a variety of nutrients. Protein is the basis of human life and health, which is made up of amino acids combined in different proportional orders. Polyphenols are a class of small molecule active substances with strong pro‐life health effects. It has been found that protein and polyphenols can be combined by covalent and non‐covalent interactions to form complex delivery carriers. The interaction between the two can effectively improve the physiological activities of proteins and enhance the bio‐accessibility of polyphenols. With the maturation of ultrasound technology, several studies have shown that ultrasound can promote the production of protein−polyphenol complexes. To promote the study of protein–polyphenol interactions in foodstuff by ultrasound technology, the preparation methods of protein−polyphenol complexes, the effects of ultrasound on complex generation, and analytical methods were systematically summarized based on an extensive literature review, and further research directions were proposed. It provides the reference for the ultrasound study of protein−polyphenol complexes.