bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clomiphene citrate for male infertility: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huijben Manou , Huijsmans Roel L. N. , Lock M. Tycho W. T. , de Kemp Vincent F. , de Kort Laetitia M. O. , van Breda Jetske H. M. K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundMale infertility is a prevalent and worldwide problem with various difficulties in treatment. Clomiphene citrate is a selective estrogen receptor modulator and may improve semen quality by stimulating hormone synthesis and spermatogenesis. There is lack of evidence on the efficacy of clomiphene citrate as therapy for male infertility.ObjectivesTherefore, a systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of clomiphene citrate on sperm quality in infertile men.MethodsA search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases for effectiveness in infertile males treated with clomiphene citrate. Both intervention and observational studies were included. Primary outcome measures were semen parameters (concentration, motility and morphology). Secondary outcomes included hormonal evaluation, pregnancy rate and side effects. Studies were included for meta‐analysis if they provided absolute numbers for outcomes before and during treatment with appropriate SD or SE.ResultsTotal 1799 studies were identified during the search, 18 studies remained for qualitative analysis (n = 731) and 15 studies for meta‐analysis (n = 566). Study populations ranged between 11 and 140 participants. Sperm concentration was higher during treatment, with a mean difference 8.38 × 106/ml (95% confidence interval: 5.17–11.59; p < 0.00001; I2 = 87%). Total sperm motility was higher during treatment, with a mean difference of 8.14% (95% confidence interval: 3.83–12.45; p < 0.00001; I2 = 76%). There was no difference in sperm morphology before and during treatment. Total testosterone, follicle‐stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and estradiol were higher during clomiphene citrate treatment. During follow‐up, no serious adverse effects occurred. In 10 studies, pregnancy rate was reported and yielded a mean of 17% during clomiphene citrate treatment (range: 0%–40%).ConclusionsClomiphene citrate increased sperm concentration and motility and could be considered as a safe therapy for improving sperm parameters in infertile males.
Immunohistochemical somatostatin receptor expression in insulinomas
Authors: Peltola Elina , Vesterinen Tiina , Leijon Helena , Hannula Päivi , Huhtala Heini , Mäkinen Markus , Nieminen Lasse , Pirinen Elina , Rönty Mikko , Söderström Mirva , Arola Johanna , Jaatinen Pia 
Published: January 2023

Insulinomas are rare pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Most patients can be cured with surgery, but patients with a metastatic disease show impaired survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 1‐5 expression in insulinomas and to correlate the expression profile with clinicopathological variables and with patient outcome. This retrospective study involved 52 insulinoma patients. After histological re‐evaluation, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue samples were processed into tissue microarrays and stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal SSTR1‐5 antibodies. All the 52 tumours (49 non‐metastatic, 3 metastatic) expressed at least one SSTR subtype. SSTR2 was expressed most frequently (71%), followed by SSTR3 (33%), SSTR1 (27%), SSTR5 (6%) and SSTR4 (0%). SSTR3 expression was associated with a larger tumour size (median diameter 19 mm vs. 13 mm, p = 0.043), and SSTR3 and SSTR5 expression were associated with impaired overall survival [HR 3.532 (95% CI 1.106–11,277), p = 0.033, and HR 6.805 (95% CI 1.364–33.955), p = 0.019 respectively]. Most insulinomas express SSTR2, which may be utilized in diagnostic imaging, and in planning individualized treatment strategies for insulinoma patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the association between SSTR profile and overall survival.
Secondary bile acids improve risk prediction for non‐invasive identification of mild liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Liu A‐Na , Xu Cui‐Fang , Liu Ya‐Ru , Sun Dan‐Qin , Jiang Ling , Tang Liang‐Jie , Zhu Pei‐Wu , Chen Sui‐Dan , Liu Wen‐Yue , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Targher Giovanni , Byrne Christopher D. , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Fu Junfen , Su Ming‐Ming , Loomba Rohit , Zheng Ming‐Hua , Ni Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundDysregulated bile acid (BA) metabolism has been linked to steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).AimTo determine whether circulating BA levels accurately stage liver fibrosis in NAFLD.MethodsWe recruited 550 Chinese adults with biopsy‐proven NAFLD and varying levels of fibrosis. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was performed to quantify 38 serum BAs.ResultsCompared to those without fibrosis, patients with mild fibrosis (stage F1) had significantly higher levels of secondary BAs, and increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), body mass index, and waist circumstance (WC). The combination of serum BAs with WC, DBP, ALT, or Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance performed well in identifying mild fibrosis, in men and women, and in those with/without obesity, with AUROCs 0.80, 0.88, 0.75 and 0.78 in the training set (n = 385), and 0.69, 0.80, 0.61 and 0.69 in the testing set (n = 165), respectively. In comparison, the combination of BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers performed less well in identifying significant fibrosis (F2‐4). In women and in non‐obese subjects, AUROCs were 0.75 and 0.71 in the training set, 0.65 and 0.66 in the validation set, respectively. However, these AUROCs were higher than those observed for the fibrosis‐4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and Hepamet fibrosis score.ConclusionsSecondary BA levels were significantly increased in NAFLD, especially in those with mild fibrosis. The combination of serum BAs and clinical/biochemical biomarkers for identifying mild fibrosis merits further assessment.
A population pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic model evaluating efficacy of nalbuphine extended‐release in patients with prurigo nodularis
Authors: Eudy‐Byrne Rena , Riggs Matthew , Hawi Amale , Sciascia Thomas , Rohatagi Shashank 
Published: January 2023

AimsPopulation pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) models were used to describe the exposure–response (E‐R) relationship between nalbuphine exposure and two widely used rating scales for itch: the Numerical Rating Scale for the subject's ‘average’; itch experience (NRS‐AV) and the Worst Itch (WI‐NRS), with 24‐h recall. Simulations based on the model E‐R relationship were used to support dose selection for Phase 3 clinical trials and were evaluated with a target of reducing the 7‐day average of the 24‐h WI‐NRS by at least 30% from baseline in most of the analysis population.MethodsData from two clinical trials (NCT02373215: 9 healthy subjects; NCT02174419: 62 subjects with PN), in patients with prurigo nodularis (PN) with moderate to severe itch who received treatment with either of two doses of nalbuphine extended release (ER) or placebo, were used for the analysis. A two‐compartment PK model with serial zero and first‐order oral absorption was used to describe drug exposure. A maximum effect (
) model with a placebo effect was used to model the itch response endpoints (NRS‐AV, WI‐NRS).ResultsThe PK‐PD model predicted the exposure‐related reduction in both NRS‐AV and WI‐NRS over time with approximately 63% and 27% of
, respectively. Exposures associated with 80% of
were achieved in about 78% of the patients at 162 mg, twice daily (BID), compared to 35% at 81 mg BID.ConclusionSimulated dose response indicated that 108 and 162 mg BID doses result in the highest proportion of patients achieving at least a 30% reduction in NRS‐AV and WI‐NRS, respectively.
Video demonstrations can predict the intention to use digital learning technologies
Authors: Sprenger David A. , Schwaninger Adrian 
Published: January 2023

The technology acceptance model (TAM) uses perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use to predict the intention to use a technology which is important when deciding to invest in a technology. Its extension for e‐learning (the general extended technology acceptance model for e‐learning; GETAMEL) adds subjective norm to predict the intention to use. Technology acceptance is typically measured after the technology has been used for at least three months. This study aims to identify whether a minimal amount of exposure to the technology using video demonstrations is sufficient to predict the intention to use it three months later. In two studies—one using TAM and one using GETAMEL—we showed students of different cohorts (94 and 111 participants, respectively) video demonstrations of four digital technologies (classroom response system, classroom chat, e‐lectures, mobile virtual reality). We then measured technology acceptance immediately after the demonstration and after three months of technology use. Using partial least squares modelling, we found that perceived usefulness significantly predicted the intention to use three months later. In GETAMEL, perceived usefulness significantly predicted the intention to use for three of the four learning technologies, while subjective norm only predicted the intention to use for mobile virtual reality. We conclude that video demonstrations can provide valuable insight for decision‐makers and educators on whether students will use a technology before investing in it.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic
The technology acceptance model helps decision‐makers to determine whether students and teachers will adopt a new technology.
Technology acceptance is typically measured after users have used the technology for three to twelve months.
Perceived usefulness is a strong predictor of intention to use the technology.
The predictive power of perceived ease of use for the intention to use varies from insignificant to strong.

What this paper adds
For the four digital learning technologies (classroom chat, classroom response system, e‐lectures and mobile virtual reality), we measure technology acceptance after a video demonstration and again after three months of usage.
Using structural equation modelling, we are able to predict intention to use after three months, with perceived usefulness measured after the video demonstration.
We replicate these findings with a second study using the general extended technology acceptance model.

Implications for practice and/or policy
Short video demonstrations can provide information for educators to predict whether students will use a technology.
Early impressions of perceived usefulness are very important and valuable to predict whether students will use a technology.
Evaluation of clinical features and outcome of eight fetuses with ectopia cordis; A study from a fetal cardiology center
Authors: Başar Eviç Zeynep , Dogan Yasemin , Kayabey Özlem , Babaoğlu Kadir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe aim to evaluate the clinical course and outcome of cases with a prenatal diagnosis of ectopia cordis in our center. In this retrospective study, we analyzed clinical variables including gestational age at diagnosis, maternal age, associated cardiac, extracardiac, genetic anomalies and, outcome in prenatally diagnosed ectopia cordis cases in our tertiary referral center. Eight ectopia cordis cases from seven pregnancies were included in the study. All fetuses had complete type of ectopia cordis and pentalogy of Cantrell. Five multiple pregnancies were found, four were twin pregnancies (three dichorionic diamniotic, one monochorionic monoamniotic) and one was triplet (trichorionic triamniotic). In the monochorionic monoamniotic twin pregnancy, both fetuses have pentalogy of Cantrell. Two cases had intracardiac structural defects including Tetralogy of Fallot and hypoplastic right heart syndrome. Three pregnancies were terminated, four cases delivered alive could not survive beyond the neonatal period. The striking feature in our study is its association with multiple pregnancies.
An investigation into nutritional methods at the fifth day after birth of infants in association with cleft type and laterality
Authors: Ogawa Ayano , Sasaki Yasunori , Naruse Masahiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn patients with clefts, the affection of other congenital malformations on the feeding is unclear. We investigated the other congenital malformations and nutritional intake of neonates with cleft lip and/or palate and examined their relationships associated with cleft type and laterality. The participants included 126 infants under treatment with a presurgical naso‐alveolar molding (PNAM) or a Hotz‐type plate. The survey items were gender, cleft type and side, presence and nature of other congenital malformations, birth weight and nutritional method at age of the fifth day. The number of infants was 36 (28.6%) of cleft lip and alveolus, 82 (65.1%) of cleft lip and palate, and 8 (6.3%) of cleft palate only. Forty‐three patients (34.1%) had other various congenital malformations. The nutritional method included oral intake in 78.6% (n = 99) of cases and tube feeding with/without oral intake in 21.4% (n = 27) of cases. The rate of tube feeding was higher for right‐sided clefts than that for left‐sided clefts. This observation was consistent with the fact that right‐sided clefts were associated with more significant other congenital malformations than those on the left‐side. The nutritional method for infants with cleft lip and/or palate was related to the presence of other congenital malformations, not to cleft laterality or oral cleft itself under early treatment with PNAM plate. These results proposed that screening the general condition is essential for neonates with right‐sided cleft lip with/without cleft palate compared to left‐sided clefts, which should be conducted immediately after birth for planning the appropriate nutritional method.
Predicting Outcomes in a Sequence of Binary Events: Belief Updating and Gambler's Fallacy Reasoning
Authors: Rao Kariyushi , Hastie Reid 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeliefs like the Gambler's Fallacy and the Hot Hand have interested cognitive scientists, economists, and philosophers for centuries. We propose that these judgment patterns arise from the observer's mental models of the sequence‐generating mechanism, moderated by the strength of belief in an a priori base rate. In six behavioral experiments, participants observed one of three mechanisms generating sequences of eight binary events: a random mechanical device, an intentional goal‐directed actor, and a financial market. We systematically manipulated participants’ beliefs about the base rate probabilities at which different outcomes were generated by each mechanism. Participants judged 18 sequences of outcomes produced by a mechanism with either an unknown base rate, a specified distribution of three equiprobable base rates, or a precise, fixed base rate. Six target sequences ended in streaks of between two and seven identical outcomes. The most common predictions for subsequent events were best described as pragmatic belief updating, expressed as an increasingly strong expectation that a streak of identical signals would repeat as the length of that streak increased. The exception to this pattern was for sequences generated by a random mechanical device with a fixed base rate of .50. Under this specific condition, participants exhibited a bias toward reversal of streaks, and this bias was larger when participants were asked to make a dichotomous choice versus a numerical probability rating. We review alternate accounts for the anomalous judgments of sequences and conclude with our favored interpretation that is based on Rabin's version of Tversky & Kahneman's Law of Small Numbers.
No frills: Simple regularities in language can go a long way in the development of word knowledge
Authors: Unger Layla , Yim Hyungwook , Savic Olivera , Dennis Simon , Sloutsky Vladimir M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent years have seen a flourishing of Natural Language Processing models that can mimic many aspects of human language fluency. These models harness a simple, decades‐old idea: It is possible to learn a lot about word meanings just from exposure to language, because words similar in meaning are used in language in similar ways. The successes of these models raise the intriguing possibility that exposure to word use in language also shapes the word knowledge that children amass during development. However, this possibility is strongly challenged by the fact that models use language input and learning mechanisms that may be unavailable to children. Across three studies, we found that unrealistically complex input and learning mechanisms are unnecessary. Instead, simple regularities of word use in children's language input that they have the capacity to learn can foster knowledge about word meanings. Thus, exposure to language may play a simple but powerful role in children's growing word knowledge. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/dT83dmMffnM.Research Highlights
Natural Language Processing (NLP) models can learn that words are similar in meaning from higher‐order statistical regularities of word use.
Unlike NLP models, infants and children may primarily learn only simple co‐occurrences between words.
We show that infants' and children's language input is rich in simple co‐occurrence that can support learning similarities in meaning between words.
We find that simple co‐occurrences can explain infants' and children's knowledge that words are similar in meaning.
Appendage‐restricted gene induction using a heated agarose gel for studying regeneration in metamorphosed Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltl
Authors: Matsubara Haruka , Kawasumi‐Kita Aiko , Nara Saki , Yokoyama Hibiki , Hayashi Toshinori , Takeuchi Takashi , Yokoyama Hitoshi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAmphibians and fish often regenerate lost parts of their appendages (tail, limb, and fin) after amputation. Limb regeneration in adult amphibians provides an excellent model for appendage (limb) regeneration through 3D morphogenesis along the proximodistal, dorsoventral, and anteroposterior axes in mammals, because the limb is a homologous organ among amphibians and mammals. However, manipulating gene expression in specific appendages of adult amphibians remains difficult; this in turn hinders elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying appendage regeneration. To address this problem, we devised a system for appendage‐specific gene induction using a simplified protocol named the “agarose‐embedded heat shock (AeHS) method” involving the combination of a heat‐shock‐inducible system and insertion of an appendage in a temperature‐controlled agarose gel. Gene expression was then induced specifically and ubiquitously in the regenerating limbs of metamorphosed amphibians, including a frog (Xenopus laevis) and newt (Pleurodeles waltl). We also induced gene expression in the regenerating tail of a metamorphosed P. waltl newt using the same method. This method can be applied to adult amphibians with large body sizes. Furthermore, this method enables simultaneous induction of gene expression in multiple individuals; further, the data are obtained in a reproducible manner, enabling the analysis of gene functions in limb and tail regeneration. Therefore, this method will facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying appendage regeneration in amphibians, which can support the development of regenerative therapies for organs, such as the limbs and spinal cord.
Eating disorder visits increase among adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Akgül Sinem , Torun Şeyma , Çınar Hande Üçler , Pehlivantürk Kızılkan Melis , Derman Orhan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe study aimed to assess changes in adolescent visits due to eating disorders (EDs) during the pandemic.MethodA retrospective evaluation of adolescents diagnosed with an ED during two periods: June 2019–February 2020 (pre‐pandemic) and June 2021–February 2022 (during the pandemic) at an adolescent medicine clinic in Tukey was conducted. The number of patients diagnosed with an ED between these dates was compared with the number of overall attended outpatient appointments. Baseline data for patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and the requirement of hospitalization for all cases were compared.ResultsOf the 3708 visits in the pre‐pandemic period 46 (1.2%) were diagnosed with an ED. This was 69 (2.2%) of 3149 visits during the pandemic which was statistically significant (p = 0.003). The percentage of males to females changed from 2.2% to 11.6% (p = 0.065). Distribution of the type of ED did not change (p = 0.280), although the percentage of atypical AN increased from 6.5% to 17.4%. Mean age, BMI, calorie intake and hospital admissions did not significantly change.ConclusionOur findings support the increase in adolescent EDs during COVID‐19. Particular attention should be given to males and Atypical AN cases.
Comparing two measures of schizotypy and their relationship with psychological distress in British university students
Authors: Haenschel Corinna , Krupic Dino , Hoff Antonia , Corr Philip J. , Gaigg Sebastian , Fett Anne‐Kathrin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsSchizotypy reflects the vulnerability to schizophrenia in the general population. Different questionnaires have been developed to measure aspects of schizotypy. Higher schizotypy scores have also been linked with depression, anxiety, and stress sensitivity. Here we examine the associations of schizotypy with symptoms of depression and anxiety in a sample of university students, using two different measures (N = 271).MethodsA series of confirmatory factor analyses was used to examine two distinct and frequently employed measures of schizotypy: the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), and the Schizotypy Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). We assessed their relationship with each other and their predictive validity for anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity.ResultsOur results indicated the brief 7‐factor SPQ (SPQ‐BR) factor solution for the SPQ and the 15‐item and 3 factor solution for the CAPE (i.e., CAPE‐P15) as best fitting models. Particularly the CAPE dimension of persecutory ideation was a strong predictor of anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity, whereas the SPQ dimensions of no close friends and social anxiety predicted psychological distress and stress in our student sample.ConclusionsOur findings extend earlier work in general and patient samples and point to the importance of understanding the contribution of particularly positive schizotypy symptoms and different interpersonal aspects to psychological distress.