bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedtime negotiations: Unravelling normative complexity in hospital‐based prevention
Authors: Peeters Hugo , Oldenhof Lieke E. , van der Scheer Wilma , Putters Kim 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study explores how actors deal with normative complexity in the design and implementation of practices of preventative care. Previous studies have identified conflicting (e)valuations of prevention within health care at large, but little empirical research describes how these conflicts are resolved in day‐to‐day interactions. Zooming in on the work of a single actor, our ethnographic study describes a Dutch psychiatrist developing a novel type of hospital bed that provides preventative psychiatric care for women in the post‐partum period. Drawing on pragmatic sociology of justification, we construe ‘beds’—and the time, people and resources they represent—as points of convergence between conflicting valuations of care. The results show that embedded modes of valuation in a curative hospital setting generate significant normative complexity during implementation. We identify three main strategies through which normative complexity is managed: (a) translating between different modes of valuing prevention, (b) compromising in (material) design of care beds and (c) transcending embedded valuations through moral appeals. By showing the normative complexity of prevention in practice, our study highlights the need for a diverse and situated accounting for preventative care.
Determination of emergency nurse practitioner and plastic surgery trainee disposition decision agreement for plastic surgery emergency department presentations: A prospective study
Authors: Salter Mark D , Beaver Sarah , Hasler Linda , Manivel Vijay , Aziz Omar , Mallows James L 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine if there was a high degree of agreement for disposition decisions of emergency nurse practitioners (ENP) compared to plastic surgery trainees (PST) for plastic surgery presentations.MethodsA prospective study of disposition decision agreement from February 2020 to January 2021 for patients who required plastic surgery consultation and managed exclusively by an ENP. Absolute percentages were used to determine the exact disposition decision accuracy of ENP and the PST, while Cohen's kappa compared disposition decision agreement. Sub‐analyses of age, gender, ENP experience and presenting condition agreement were also completed. To mitigate confounding factors, operative management (OM) and non‐OM groups were analysed.ResultsThe study recruited 342 patients who presented mostly with finger or hand‐related conditions (82%, n = 279) and managed by an ENP with less than 10 years of experience (65%, n = 224). Disposition decisions by ENP compared to PST were the same in 80% (n = 274) of cases. Disposition agreement for all patients was 0.72 (95% confidence interval 0.66–0.78). For the OM and non‐OM groups, disposition decisions were the same in 94% (n = 320), with a Cohen's kappa 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.79–0.91). Seven patients (2%) were discharged to GP care by the ENP when determined to need further plastic surgery involvement by the PST.ConclusionsDisposition decisions by ENP and PST were the same in most cases and had a high overall level of agreement. This may lead to greater autonomy of ENP care and reduced ED length of stay and occupancy.
Identifying direct and indirect associations among traits by merging phylogenetic comparative methods and structural equation models
Authors: Thorson James T. , Maureaud Aurore A. , Frelat Romain , Mérigot Bastien , Bigman Jennifer S. , Friedman Sarah T. , Palomares Maria Lourdes D. , Pinsky Malin L. , Price Samantha A. , Wainwright Peter 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Traits underlie organismal responses to their environment and are essential to predict community responses to environmental conditions under global change. Species differ in life‐history traits, morphometrics, diet type, reproductive characteristics and habitat utilization.

Trait associations are widely analysed using phylogenetic comparative methods (PCM) to account for correlations among related species. Similarly, traits are measured for some but not all species, and missing continuous traits (e.g. growth rate) can be imputed using ‘phylogenetic trait imputation’ (PTI), based on evolutionary relatedness and trait covariance. However, PTI has not been available for categorical traits, and estimating covariance among traits without ecological constraints risks inferring implausible evolutionary mechanisms.

Here, we extend previous PCM and PTI methods by (1) specifying covariance among traits as a structural equation model (SEM), and (2) incorporating associations among both continuous and categorical traits. Fitting a SEM replaces the covariance among traits with a set of linear path coefficients specifying potential evolutionary mechanisms. Estimated parameters then represent regression slopes (i.e. the average change in trait Y given an exogenous change in trait X) that can be used to calculate both direct effects (X impacts Y) and indirect effects (X impacts Z and Z impacts Y).

We demonstrate phylogenetic structural‐equation mixed‐trait imputation using 33 variables representing life history, reproductive, morphological, and behavioural traits for all >32,000 described fishes worldwide. SEM coefficients suggest that one degree Celsius increase in habitat is associated with an average 3.5% increase in natural mortality (including a 1.4% indirect impact that acts via temperature effects on the growth coefficient), and an average 3.0% decrease in fecundity (via indirect impacts on maximum age and length). Cross‐validation indicates that the model explains 54%–89% of variance for withheld measurements of continuous traits and has an area under the receiver‐operator‐characteristics curve of 0.86–0.99 for categorical traits.

We use imputed traits to classify all fishes into life‐history types, and confirm a phylogenetic signal in three dominant life‐history strategies in fishes. PTI using phylogenetic SEMs ensures that estimated parameters are interpretable as regression slopes, such that the inferred evolutionary relationships can be compared with long‐term evolutionary and rearing experiments.
Patch size and breeding status influence movement patterns in the threatened Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata)
Authors: Stenhouse Peri , Moseby Katherine E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInformation on the movement ecology of species can assist with identifying barriers to dispersal and appropriate management actions. We focus on the threatened Malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) whose ability to move and disperse within fragmented landscapes is critical for their survival. We also investigate the possible effects of climate change on Malleefowl movement. We used solar‐powered GPS telemetry to collect movement data and determine the influence of breeding status, remnant vegetation patches and environmental variables. Seven Malleefowl were tracked between 1 and 50 months, resulting in 20 932 fixes. While breeding, Malleefowl had significantly smaller home ranges (92 ± 43 ha breeding; 609 ± 708 ha non‐breeding), moved shorter daily distances (1283 ± 605 breeding; 1567 ± 841 non‐breeding) and stayed closer to the incubation mound (349 ± 324 m breeding; 3293 ± 2715 m non‐breeding). Most Malleefowl effectively disassociated from the mound once breeding stopped, with two birds dispersing up to 10.2 km. Movement patterns were significantly correlated with the size of the remnant native vegetation patch, with smaller home ranges being utilized in small patches than in large patches. One male almost exclusively remained within a 107‐ha patch for over 4 years, but a female crossed between closely spaced uncleared patches. Long‐range movements of nearly 10 km daily displacement were recorded in large remnants almost exclusively when not breeding. Temperature and rain had a significant effect on movement: modelling suggests daily distances decline from 1.3 km at 25°C to 0.9 km at 45°C, with steeper declines over 30°C. The influence of patch size on movement patterns suggests that Malleefowl movement may be governed by the size of remnant patches and that habitat continuity may be important for facilitating recolonization after catastrophic events and maintaining genetic diversity. Climate change may reduce Malleefowl movement during hot, dry periods possibly affecting breeding success.
Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour
Authors: Holtby Amy R. , Hall Thomas J. , McGivney Beatrice A. , Han Haige , Murphy Keith J. , MacHugh David E. , Katz Lisa M. , Hill Emmeline W. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBehavioural plasticity enables horses entering an exercise training programme to adapt with reduced stress. We characterised SNPs associated with behaviour in yearling Thoroughbred horses using genomics analyses for two phenotypes: (1) handler‐assessed coping with early training events [coping] (n = 96); and (2) variation in salivary cortisol concentration at the first backing event [cortisol] (n = 34). Using RNA‐seq derived gene expression data for amygdala and hippocampus tissues from n = 2 Thoroughbred stallions, we refined the SNPs to those with functional relevance to behaviour by cross‐referencing to the 500 most highly expressed genes in each tissue. The SNPs of high significance (q < 0.01) were in proximity to genes (coping – GABARAP, NDM, OAZ1, RPS15A, SPARCL1, VAMP2; cortisol – CEBPA, COA3, DUSP1, HNRNPH1, RACK1) with biological functions in social behaviour, autism spectrum disorder, suicide, stress‐induced anxiety and depression, Alzheimer's disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, neuroinflammatory disease, fear‐induced behaviours and alcohol and cocaine addiction. The strongest association (q = 0.0002) was with NDN, a gene previously associated with temperament in cattle. This approach highlights functionally relevant genes in the behavioural adaptation of Thoroughbred horses that will contribute to the development of genetic markers to improve racehorse welfare.
A mixed methods study investigating the quality of urinary and faecal continence assessment and management in residential aged care: Challenges, implications and solutions
Authors: Golenko Xanthe , McLeod Kate , Lowthian Judy A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveIncontinence is one of the main reasons for institutionalisation into residential aged care. It is linked with increased falls, skin breakdown, depression, social isolation and impaired quality of life. Studies over the past decade have demonstrated poor‐quality incontinence care, which has led to ongoing development of best practice guidelines and educational resources. This study investigated current practices, and staff and resident experiences with continence assessment and management, in comparison with best practice guidelines.MethodsThis concurrent mixed methods study was conducted in a 120‐bed residential aged care home. Secondary analysis of data from clinical records provided a snapshot of how continence was assessed and managed. Semistructured interviews with four staff and five residents explored their experiences to understand the impact of current practice on resident emotional well‐being. Mixing methods allowed for comparison between quantitative and qualitative findings, enabling a deeper understanding.ResultsFindings from the two data sets were highly congruent and identified: (1) lack of communication with residents and family members about continence needs; (2) heavy reliance on product usage and limited other conservative strategies; (3) staff frustration at inability to respond to calls in a timely manner; and (4) positive staff–resident relationships protect resident emotional well‐being.ConclusionsCurrent practices are not consistent with best practice guidelines, which raises the question as to why nothing has changed. We argue that a stronger focus on implementation underpinned by a relationship‐centred approach is required to improve continence care practices among residential care staff, and the quality of life for adults living with incontinence.
Exercise modifies fatty acid perception and metabolism
Authors: Shanmugamprema Deepankumar , Muthuswamy Karthi , Ponnusamy Vinithra , Subramanian Gowtham , Vasanthakumar Keerthana , Krishnan Vasanth , Subramaniam Selvakumar 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimObesity is a major public health issue, which is associated with several chronic diseases. In rodents, voluntary wheel running (VWR) is a type of exercise that influences ingestive behavior. This study aims to investigate the possible function of VWR activity in the perception of fat taste and if it mitigates the immediate effects of fatty acid (FA) ingestion.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice were arbitrarily assigned to either a sedentary (SED) lifestyle or free access to a running wheel after 5 weeks of dietary regimen. Later these mice groups were used in the investigations on fat preference, metabolic tolerance, and electrophysiology. Diet‐induced alterations in CD36 and GPR120 expression that are related to fat perception and the capacitative calcium signaling caused by FA in taste bud cells (TBCs) were also examined.ResultsIn obese groups, VWR temporarily reduced body weight, demonstrated improvement in preference scores for FA, and recovered from a deterioration in glucose homeostasis. In CD36‐positive TBCs, electrophysiological investigations showed alterations in [Ca2+]i caused by FA. Further, in the TBCs of circumvallate papillae, there are differences in the expression of the genes CD36 and GPR120 between the active and SED controls. Obese mice also show lower incentive salience for long‐chain fatty acids (LCFA) and adapted to the reward system of VWR which may lead to improved incentive salience accredited to wheel running.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides the first evidence that VWR causes orosensory adaptations to fat and appears to alter taste preference for LCFAs.
Initiation of glucose‐lowering drugs reduces the anticoagulant effect of warfarin—But not through altered drug metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dunvald Ann‐Cathrine Dalgård , Nielsen Flemming , Olsen Dorte Aalund , Ernst Martin Thomsen , Donnelly Louise , Soto‐Pedre Enrique , Kristiansen Maja Refshauge , Nielsen Jens Steen , Persson Frederik , Højlund Kurt , Madsen Jonna Skov , Søndergaard Jens , Pearson Ewan , Pottegård Anton , Stage Tore Bjerregaard 
Published: March 2023

AimsDrug metabolism might be altered in patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to evaluate if initiation of glucose‐lowering drugs impacts warfarin efficacy and drug metabolism.MethodsFirst, we conducted a register‐based self‐controlled cohort study on Danish and Scottish warfarin users. Warfarin efficacy (international normalized ratio [INR]) was compared before and after initiation of glucose‐lowering drugs. Second, we conducted a clinical pharmacokinetic trial comprising treatment‐naïve type 2 diabetes patients. Patients ingested probe drugs for drug‐metabolizing enzymes (the Basel Cocktail) before initiating glucose‐lowering treatment, and after 3 and 12 weeks of treatment. Drug metabolism, glycaemic control, and inflammation were assessed on each visit.ResultsIn the Danish and Scottish cohorts (n = 982 and n = 44, respectively), initiating glucose‐lowering drugs reduced warfarin efficacy. INR decreased from 2.47 to 2.21 in the Danish cohort (mean difference −0.26; 95% CI −0.35; −0.17) and from 2.33 to 2.13 in the Scottish cohort (−0.21; 95% CI −0.52; 0.11) after initiation of glucose‐lowering treatment. This impact on INR was more pronounced among individuals with stronger effects of glucose‐lowering treatment. In the clinical pharmacokinetic trial (n = 10), initiating metformin did not affect drug metabolism after 3 weeks (geometric mean ratio of CYP3A metabolic ratio: 1.12 [95% CI: 0.95; 1.32]) or 12 weeks of metformin treatment. Glycaemic control improved during treatment, while inflammation remained low and unchanged during treatment.ConclusionsIn conclusion, initiation of glucose‐lowering drugs among chronic warfarin users seems associated with a reduction in INR, particularly among individuals with a large decrease in HbA1c. This effect seems unrelated to CYP enzyme activity and warfarin drug metabolism.
Effect of esketamine on opioid consumption and postoperative pain in thyroidectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Penglei , Song Meixian , Wang Xiaoli , Zhang Ye , Wu Yun 
Published: March 2023

AimsThyroidectomy is frequently associated with substantial postoperative pain. Esketamine, an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist, has been demonstrated to be effective in multiple analgesia scenarios. We hypothesized that intraoperative administration of esketamine may reduce perioperative opioid consumption and postoperative pain in patients undergoing thyroidectomy.MethodsSixty patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the esketamine group received a pre‐incisional intravenous bolus of esketamine (0.5 mg kg−1) followed by a continuous infusion of 0.24 mg kg−1 h−1 until the beginning of wound closure. Patients in the placebo group received 0.9% NaCl (bolus and infusion). The primary outcome was perioperative sufentanil consumption. The postoperative pain, sleep quality and adverse events during the first postoperative 24 h were also evaluated.ResultsPatients in the esketamine group consumed significantly less sufentanil than those in the saline group (24.6 ± 3.1 μg vs. 33.7 ± 5.1 μg, mean difference, 9.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.9–11.3, P < .001). Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in the esketamine group than those in the saline group during the first 24 h postoperatively (P < .05). Patients receiving esketamine experienced higher sleep quality than those in the saline group during surgical night (P = .043). There were no significant differences in adverse events between the two groups.ConclusionsIntraoperative administration of esketamine reduces perioperative sufentanil consumption and postoperative pain without increasing psychotomimetic side effects in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The development of combined anaesthesia regimens, including esketamine, may foster strategies for pain management during thyroidectomy.
Long‐term psychotherapy in tertiary care: A practice‐based benchmarking study
Authors: Gaskell Chris , Kellett Stephen , Simmonds‐Buckley Melanie , Curran Joe , Hetherington Jack , Delgadillo Jaime 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe literature regarding the effectiveness of long‐term psychological interventions delivered in tertiary care is scarce. This study sought to quantify and evaluate outcomes delivered in a UK tertiary care psychotherapy service against equivalent service benchmarks.DesignA retrospective analysis of outcomes on the Outcome Questionnaire‐45 (OQ‐45) over a 10‐year period in a tertiary care psychotherapy service. The modalities evaluated were cognitive‐behavioural, cognitive‐analytic, and psychoanalytic psychotherapies.MethodsEffectiveness was calculated at the service level and for each modality using pre‐post‐effect sizes and recovery rates. Benchmarking included a random‐effects meta‐analysis. Trajectories of change for each modality were examined using growth curve models.ResultsBaseline distress on the OQ‐45 was higher than comparative norms (M = 102.57, SD = 22.79, N = 364). The average number of sessions was 48.68 (SD = 42.14, range = 5–335). There was a moderate pre‐post‐treatment effect (d = .46, 95% CI = .37–.55) which was lower than available benchmarks. The modalities differed in duration but were largely equivalent in terms of outcome. The reliable improvement rate was 29.95%, and the recovery rate was 10.16%, and change over time was best explained using a nonlinear (cubic) time trend.ConclusionsThe elevated distress at baseline appears to create the conditions for relatively lengthy interventions and attenuated clinical outcomes. Suggestions are made regarding the clinical role, function, and evaluation of tertiary care psychotherapy services.
Insulin‐like growth factor‐2 is a promising candidate for the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Fitzgerald G. S. , Chuchta T. G. , McNay E. C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Current AD treatments slow the rate of cognitive decline, but do not restore lost function. One reason for the low efficacy of current treatments is that they fail to target neurotrophic processes, which are thought to be essential for functional recovery. Bolstering neurotrophic processes may also be a viable strategy for preventative treatment, since structural losses are thought to underlie cognitive decline in AD. The challenge of identifying presymptomatic patients who might benefit from preventative treatment means that any such treatment must meet a high standard of safety and tolerability. The neurotrophic peptide insulin‐like growth factor‐2 (IGF2) is a promising candidate for both treating and preventing AD‐induced cognitive decline. Brain IGF2 expression declines in AD patients. In rodent models of AD, exogenous IGF2 modulates multiple aspects of AD pathology, resulting in (1) improved cognitive function; (2) stimulation of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis; and, (3) neuroprotection against cholinergic dysfunction and beta amyloid‐induced neurotoxicity. Preclinical evidence suggests that IGF2 is likely to be safe and tolerable at therapeutic doses. In the preventative treatment context, the intranasal route of administration is likely to be the preferred method for achieving the therapeutic effect without risking adverse side effects. For patients already experiencing AD dementia, routes of administration that deliver IGF2 directly access the CNS may be necessary. Finally, we discuss several strategies for improving the translational validity of animal models used to study the therapeutic potential of IGF2.
Polymethylmethacrylate‐induced foreign body reaction presenting as bilateral parotid lesions: A case report of dermal filler adverse reaction diagnosed on fine needle aspiration
Authors: Saoud Carla , Lossos Chen , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundDermal filler injections are being increasingly used as a non‐surgical option for facial cosmetic procedures. However, their use has been implicated in multiple adverse events including immediate, early onset, and late onset complications.AimWe present a case of dermal filler‐induced foreign body reaction presenting as bilateral parotid lesions and diagnosed using fine needle aspiration.ConclusionThis case elucidate the risk of delayed adverse events in patients with dermal filler injections and stresses the importance of awareness by patients and providers for such events.