bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Causality between heart failure and epigenetic age: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Fengjun , Deng Shanshan , Zhang Jing , Xu Wenchang , Xian Dexian , Wang Yuxuan , Zhao Qiong , Liu Yuan , Zhu Xiuli , Peng Min , Zhang Lin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) is a prevalent age‐related cardiovascular disease with poor prognosis in the elderly population. This study aimed to establish the causal relationship between ageing and HF by conducting a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on epigenetic age (a marker of ageing) and HF.Methods and resultsGenome‐wide association study data for epigenetic age (GrimAge, HorvathAge, HannumAge, and PhenoAge) and HF were collected and assessed for significant genetic variables. A bidirectional MR analysis was carried out using the random‐effects inverse–variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary approach, while other methods (MR–Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode) and multiple sensitivity analyses (heterogeneity analysis, leave‐one‐out sensitivity analysis, and horizontal pleiotropy analysis) were employed to evaluate the impact of epigenetic age on HF and vice versa. Bidirectional MR analysis of two samples revealed that the epigenetic PhenoAge clock increased the risk of HF [IVW odds ratio (OR) 1.015, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.002–1.028, P = 0.028 and weighted median OR 1.020, 95% CI 1.001–1.038, P = 0.039]. Other results were not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe bidirectional MR analysis demonstrated a causal link between genetically predicted epigenetic age and HF in individuals of European descent. Further research into epigenetic age in other populations and additional genetic information related to HF is warranted.
Th2‐dependent disappearance and phenotypic conversion of mouse alveolar macrophages
Authors: Dietschmann Axel , Ruhl Andreas , Murray Peter J. , Günther Claudia , Becker Christoph , Fallon Padraic , Voehringer David 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlveolar macrophages (alvMs) play an important role for maintenance of lung function by constant removal of cellular debris in the alveolar space. They further contribute to defense against microbial or viral infections and limit tissue damage during acute lung injury. alvMs arise from embryonic progenitor cells, seed the alveoli before birth, and have life‐long self‐renewing capacity. However, recruited monocytes may also help to restore the alvM population after depletion caused by toxins or influenza virus infection. At present, the population dynamics and cellular plasticity of alvMs during allergic lung inflammation is poorly defined. To address this point, we used a mouse model of Aspergillus fumigatus‐induced allergic lung inflammation and observed that Th2‐derived IL‐4 and IL‐13 caused almost complete disappearance of alvMs. This effect required STAT6 expression in alvMs and also occurred in various other settings of type 2 immunity‐mediated lung inflammation or administration of IL‐4 complexes to the lung. In addition, Th2 cells promoted conversion of alvMs to alternatively activated macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Given the well‐established role of alvMs for maintenance of lung function, this process may have implications for resolution of inflammation and tissue homeostasis in allergic asthma.
Synthesis of C2‐Functionalized Pyrimidine Derivatives by Using Arynes and Dithiopyrimidines
Authors: Yang Chun‐Hong , Wang Wen‐Peng , Li Ming , Gao Fan , Ma Wen , Chen Dong‐Ping , Wang Xi‐Cun , Quan Zheng‐Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractC2‐functionalized pyrimidine derivative is a family of important nitrogen heterocyclic compounds due to their unique structure and multiple reaction sites. In this work, a novel method for the synthesis of C2‐functionalized pyrimidine derivatives through phenylalkynes and pyrimidine disulfides under ambient conditions is proposed. The reaction can be triggered by adding catalytic amounts of cesium fluoride, which is characterized by free‐catalyst and special activator. Importantly, this reaction has good compatibility with substrates substituted by electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups at C4. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also indicates that the production of C2‐functionalized pyrimidine derivatives is more favourable.
Synthesis of Substituted Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation and Tandem Cyclization of 2‐Arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with Iodonium Ylides
Authors: Yan Kelu , Liu Xiao , Wen Jiangwei , Li Qiuyun , Zhou Bingxin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Xiu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRuthenium‐catalyzed C−H bond activation and tandem cyclization of 2‐arylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with iodonium ylides proceed efficiently. For the first time, the easily available iodonium ylides and inexpensive ruthenium complex were employed to synthesize pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole derivatives in good yields under simple and easy‐to‐operate conditions. Several primary mechanism investigations and synthetic applications involving gram‐scale preparation, derivatization reactions and the transformation of iodonium ylide generated in situ have also been conducted.
The effects of perceived COVID‐19 threat on compensatory conviction, thought reliance, and attitudes
Authors: Moreno Lorena , Paredes Borja , Horcajo Javier , Briñol Pablo , See Michelle , DeMarree Kenneth G. , Petty Richard E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis research examines how people can defend themselves from the threat associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic by relying more on their recently generated thoughts (unrelated to the threat), thus leading those thoughts to have a greater impact on judgement through a meta‐cognitive process of thought validation. Study 1 revealed that the impact of the favourability of self‐related thoughts on self‐esteem was greater for those feeling relatively more (vs. less) threatened by COVID‐19. Study 2 manipulated (rather than measured) the favourability of thoughts and assessed the perceived COVID‐19 threat. Results also showed that the impact of thoughts on subsequent self‐evaluations was greater for those feeling more threatened by COVID‐19. Study 3 conceptually replicated the results using a full experimental design by manipulating both thought favourability andthe perceived COVID‐19 threat, moving from the self to a social perception paradigm, and providing mediational evidence for the proposed mechanism of compensatory thought validation. A final study addressed some alternative explanations by testing whether the induction of threat used in Study 3 affected perceptions of threat while not having an impact on other features.
‘You are a useful person’: Economic inequality leads people to approach others in an instrumental way
Authors: Cheng Lei , Hao Mingyang , Wang Xijing , Li Zifei , Wang Fang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEconomic inequality has been shown to increase the social distance between people. However, we proposed that people's affiliation with others in more unequal societies depends on whether the relationship is instrumental to self‐enhancement goals. The results from four experiments (total N = 823) supported our proposition. We found that economic inequality increased people's focus on the instrumental aspects of relationships (Experiment 1). In the workplace, economic inequality prompted people to choose colleagues who were instrumental in achieving their performance goals as partners (Experiment 2). Moreover, the effect could be extended to situations where there is no clear benefit. Specifically, participants in high‐inequality contexts tended to approach social targets of instrumental value more than those in low‐inequality contexts, and the effect was driven by self‐enhancement goals (Experiments 3–4). Taken together, our findings suggest that economic inequality encourages instrumental orientation in social interactions, which changes how people view relationships and interact with others.
In situ electrochemical monitoring of signaling transduction in plants. Implications on phylogenetic aspects of defense response
Authors: Doménech‐Carbó Antonio , Dias Daiane , Prieto‐Mossi Josefa , Montoya Noemí 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn situ recording of the voltammetric response of leaves of several Asparagales, Caryophyllales, and Saxifragales plants at platinum and graphite microelectrodes is described. These provide information on the temporal evolution of H2O2 production and electroactive defense compounds (salicylic and jasmonic acids) associated with the stress generated by electrode insertion. Comparison of voltammetric data in the absence and presence of ROS generation revealed significant differences in the kinetics of the plant response. Reported data suggest that signaling pathway changes could be associated with the phylogenetic divergence between monocots and eudicots and the subsequent separation of the Caryophyllales from other eudicots.
Evaluation of restricted access media for the purification of cell culture‐derived Orf viruses
Authors: Lothert Keven , Harsy Yasmina M. J. , Endres Patrick , Müller Egbert , Wolff Michael W. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, multimodal chromatography using restricted access media (RAM) for the purification of nanoparticles, such as viruses has regained increasing attention. These chromatography resins combine size exclusion on the particle shell and adsorptive interaction within the core. Accordingly, smaller process‐related impurities, for example, DNA and proteins, can be retained, while larger product viruses can pass unhindered. We evaluated a range of currently available RAM, differing in the shells’ pore cut‐off and the core chemistry, for the purification of a cell culture‐derived clarified model virus, namely the Orf virus (ORFV). We examined impurity depletion and product recovery as relevant criteria for the evaluation of column performance, as well as scale‐up robustness and regeneration potential for evaluating a multiple use application. The results indicate that some columns, for example, the Capto Core, enable both a high DNA and protein removal, while others, for example, the Monomix Core 60 (MC60), are more suitable for DNA depletion. Furthermore, column regeneration is facilitated by using columns with larger shell pores (5000 vs. 700 kDa) and weaker binding interactions (anion exchange vs. multimodal). According to these findings, the choice of RAM resins should be selected according to the respective feed sample composition and the planned number of application cycles.
Cadmium exposure induces necroptosis of porcine spleen via ROS‐mediated activation of STAT1/RIPK3 signaling pathway
Authors: Xia Yu , Zhang Yiming , Zhang Jintao , Du Yongzhen , Wang Yixuan , Xu Anqi , Li Shu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, is used in a wide range of applications, such as plastics, electroplating process, electronics, and so forth. Due to its bioaccumulation ability, Cd can contaminate soil, water, air and food. To determine the effect of Cd exposure on the necroptosis in pig spleen and its mechanistic investigation, we constructed a model in pigs by feeding them food containing 20 mg/kg Cd. In this study, we analyzed the effects of Cd exposure on pig spleen through HE staining, Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR), Western blot (WB), and principal component analysis (PCA). Results show that Cd exposure can destroy the structure and function of pig spleen, which is closely related to necroptosis. Further results show that Cd exposure can induce necroptosis through ROS‐mediated activation of Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/Receptor‐Interacting Serine/Threonine‐Protein Kinase 3 (STAT1/RIPK3) signaling pathway in pig spleen. Additionally, Cd exposure also can affect the stability of mitochondrial‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAMs) structure, which also contributes to the process of necroptosis. Our study provides insights into the physiological toxicity caused by Cd exposure.
A new model of bauxitization in quartzitic landscapes: A case study from the Southern Espinhaço Range (Brazil)
Authors: De Campos Daniela S. , Monteiro Hevelyn S. , Vasconcelos Paulo M. , Farley Kenneth A. , Silva Alexandre Christófaro , Vidal‐Torrado Pablo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLithology plays a fundamental role in rock weathering and erosion, and in landscape evolution. When weathering‐ and erosion‐prone lithologies are protected from erosion by more resilient rock types (e.g., quartzites and banded iron formations) unusual weathering products result. At the Southern Espinhaço Range, Minas Gerais, Brazil, bauxitic weathering profiles are found in a unique geomorphological–lithological–climatic setting. Resistant quartzites acted as a barrier against erosion of interbedded hematite‐phyllite lenses, channelling solution flows and facilitating the formation of deep weathering profiles. The long‐term exposure of the hematite‐phyllites under alternating wet and dry tropical climates favoured widespread bauxitization. Here we investigate the geochemical, mineralogical, geochronological and micromorphological signatures of scaffolded bauxites in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our data suggest that recurrent aluminium and iron mobilization within the profiles were mainly driven by mineral dissolution‐reprecipitation mediated by bioturbation and the influx of vegetation‐derived organic species. (U–Th)/He geochronology of Al‐goethite reveals that bauxitization started at least since the Lower Miocene, with important intensification of weathering in the Upper Miocene and Lower Pleistocene. The adjacent resilient quartzites acted as scaffolds for bauxitization and supported the preservation of more erodible weathering profiles developed over phyllites. Surface waters that could not infiltrate into the impermeable adjacent quartzites preferentially infiltrated into the more weathereable phyllites, enhancing their porosity and permeability, further enhancing weathering. The evolutionary history of Southern Espinhaço Range bauxites suggests a new model of bauxitization in ancient land surfaces evolution underlain by quartzites, where erosion‐prone lithologies are scaffolded by resilient quartzites and survive long‐term weathering with minimum erosion, producing bauxites.
Autonomous generation of alluvial fans in landscape evolution models
Authors: Han Kyungdoe , Wilson John L. , Emry Erica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe develop a robust and simple rule‐based algorithm to autonomously simulate alluvial fan deposition and evolution under continuously developing landscape conditions without prescribing deposition locations or imposing topographic constraints. Augmented with this algorithm, landscape evolution models are capable of dynamically detecting locations of potential fan deposition by statistical measures of surface topography and fluvial dynamics, then depositing fan sediments where and when the developed conditions require. To assess the method's efficacy in depositing sediment at a mountain‐valley transition zone characterized by a transport surface that permits unobstructed exit of sediment and water, a hypothetical scenario is created that involves a frontal, normal fault. It is followed by a series of sensitivity analyses to ascertain the influence of parameters affecting fan deposition and secondary processes. Uplift (u) and precipitation significantly impact fan morphological characteristics, which are within the range of real‐world fans. Higher rates of each cause the notable expansion of the fan area except in cases of exceptionally high precipitation rates. Fan area has a power‐law relationship with most of the tested parameters,
, where
is erodibility (lithology),
and
are fluvial parameters, and
is catchment area (
~0.9). This study is the first showcasing fan power‐law relationships using numerical modelling. While fan area increases with precipitation, there exists a threshold beyond which fan area diminishes, and the formation of fans ceases altogether. The algorithm provides a basis for improving mechanistic understanding of fans by offering a robust platform for testing process dominance and scaling. The results demonstrate its applicability for landscape evolution simulation over a long time and broad spatial scales. We also investigate the hydrological significance of including autonomously generated alluvial fans in coupled landscape evolution—hydrology models that focus on groundwater as well as surface water hydrology.
Corn stover‐derived porous carbon for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Huynh Khang T. , Amar Vinod S. , Maddipudi Bharathkiran , Shende Anuradha R. , Shende Rajesh V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this investigation, hydrothermal liquefaction‐derived hydrochar from pulverized corn stover (avg. particle size 1.12 mm and ash content 6.75 wt%) is chemically activated with aqueous KOH in the presence of Pluronic F127 surfactant and thermally treated further up to 800°C to generate porous carbon (POC) with higher specific surface area and porosity. POC obtained under different processing conditions is thoroughly characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Metallic impurity present in POC is characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Higher specific surface area POC is observed with the use of the surfactant during the activation process. Fully characterized POC is used with (Mn, Ti)‐mixed oxide electrode to fabricate asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC). Specific capacitance of ASC is measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique using Gamry G‐300 potentiostat/galvanostat/ZRA. CV plots are obtained with different voltage scan rates whereas galvanostatic charge‐discharge plots are studied by varying the current density. Renewable corn stover‐derived POC prepared using Pluronic F127/KOH activation method is found to be highly suitable as an electrode material because of higher capacitance and electrochemical stability over 100 charging‐discharging cycles.
Fire behavior of pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes and bonded materials
Authors: Hupp Vitus , Schartel Bernhard , Flothmeier Kerstin , Hartwig Andreas 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes are used in several industrial applications such as construction, railway vehicles and the automotive sector, where the burning behavior is of crucial importance. Flame retarded adhesive tapes are developed and provided, however, often without considering the interaction of adhesive tapes and the bonded materials during burning nor the contribution of the tapes to fire protection goal of the bonded components in distinct fire tests. This publication delivers an empirical comprehensive knowledge how adhesive tapes and their flame retardancy effect the burning behavior of bonded materials. With a special focus on the interaction between the single components, one flame retarded tape and one tape without flame retardant are examined in scenarios of emerging and developing fires, along with their bonds with the common materials wood, zinc‐plated steel, mineral wool, polycarbonate, and polymethylmethacrylate. The flame retardant significantly improved the flame retardancy of the tape as a free‐standing object and yielded a V‐2 rating in UL 94 vertical test and raised the Oxygen Index by 5 vol.%. In bonds, or rather laminates, the investigations prove that the choice of carrier and substrates are the factors with the greatest impact on the fire properties and can change the peak of heat release rate and the maximum average rate of heat emission up to 25%. This research yielded a good empirical overall understanding of the fire behavior of adhesive tapes and bonded materials. Thus, it serves as a guide for tape manufacturers and applicants to develop tapes and bonds more substrate specific.
A review on waste valorization, biotechnological utilization, and management of potato
Authors: Chauhan Anamika , Islam Fakhar , Imran Ali , Ikram Ali , Zahoor Tahir , Khurshid Sadaf , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOne of the most popular, cost‐effective crops that are consumed globally is the potato. Due to the expanding food crisis, there is an increase in the demand for potato‐based agro‐food items. At the same time, it is noted that this pathway of ecological pollution from large‐scale wastes is challenging to manage. The food sector generates a lot of waste, which can be controlled better via biotechnological methods. The potato industry is one of the industries that generate a large amount of garbage that is harmful to the environment. Several by‐products of industrial potato production, such as potato peels (PPs), starch, flakes, and granules, are disposed of despite being rich sources of nutrients and bioactive ingredients. These wastes can subsequently be used in biotechnological processing to produce microbial polysaccharides, yeast cellular biomass, lipids, protein, enzymes, organic acids, and carotenoids as components of the microbial medium. Similarly, food processing based on potatoes uses a lot of water, which is an issue because it pollutes wastewater. The most popular method for reducing trash that is both affordable and environmentally beneficial at the moment is biotechnology. The purpose of this review study is to illustrate the potential of applying biotechnological techniques to tackle the potato waste problem while simultaneously enhancing the economy. By discussing recent breakthroughs as well as current flaws in this method of controlling potato trash, this paper seeks to give a future vision of the justifiable use of biotechnological‐based potato waste management and utilization strategies.
Dual combined antiviral treatment with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in patients with impaired humoral immunity and persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Pasquini Zeno , Toschi Alice , Casadei Beatrice , Pellegrini Cinzia , D’Abramo Alessandra , Vita Serena , Beccacece Alessia , Bussini Linda , Chionsini Maria Clara , Dentale Nicola , Cantiani Alessia , Lazzarotto Tiziana , Bartoletti Michele , Nicastri Emanuele , Zinzani Pierluigi , Giannella Maddalena , Viale Pierluigi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite global vaccination efforts, immunocompromized patients remain at high risk for COVID‐19‐associated morbidity. In particular, patients with impaired humoral immunity have shown a high risk of persistent infection. We report a case series of adult patients with B cell malignancies and/or undergoing B cell targeting therapies with persisting SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and treated with a combination antiviral therapy of remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, in three Italian tertiary academic hospitals. A total of 14 patients with impaired adaptive humoral immunity and prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were treated with the dual antiviral therapy. The median age was 60 (IQR 56–68) years, and 11 were male. Twelve patients had B cell lymphoma, one patient had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and one patient had multiple sclerosis. Thirteen out of 14 patients had received prior B cell‐targeting therapies, consisting of anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies in 11 patients, and chimeric antigen receptor T therapy in 2 patients. The median time between diagnosis and therapy start was 42.0 (IQR 35–46) days. Seven patients had mild, 6 moderate and one severe disease. Nine patients had signs of interstitial pneumonitis on chest computed tomography scans before treatment. The median duration of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and remdesivir combination therapy was 10 days. All patients showed resolution of COVID‐19‐related symptoms after a median of 6 (IQR 4–11) days and viral clearance after 9 (IQR 5–11) days. Combination therapy with remdesivir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir is a promising treatment option for persistent COVID‐19 in immunocompromized patients with humoral immunity impairment, worthy of prospective comparative trials.