bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are empirical treatments compatible with the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity in urinary tract infections?
Authors: Torkamanasadi Fatemeh , Alemi Mohsen , Rahim Niloofar , Moradi Abbas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Considering the importance of empirical antibiotic treatment before obtaining urine culture results, it is necessary to know the pattern of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics to proper manage urinary tract infection (UTI).
The present research aimed at determining type of pathogens causing UTI and the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity in urine cultures of hospitalized patients in Hamadan, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 individuals (including 60 cases as the hospital-acquired infection and 60 cases as the community-acquired infection group). Clinical and demographic data were obtained from all the examined samples, and the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity in the selected cases was investigated.
Results: According to the results, most of the isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics in the treatment of UTIs. A significant increase was observed in drug resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cotrimoxazole, and ceftriaxone, especially in community-acquired cases. In community-acquired UTIs from the gram-negative pathogen, E.coli showed the highest drug sensitivity to imipenem (100%) and Fosfomycin (95%) and the highest drug resistances were observed for ciprofloxacin (62.5%) and levofloxacin (60%). In the cases of E.coli acquired from the hospital, resistance to fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone and cefepime increased, while the sensitivity to meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam was 80.6%, 87.1% and 90%, respectively.
Conclusion: It is necessary to determine the frequency and regional antibiotic sensitivity patterns of bacteria causing UTIs to provide an effective and proper protocol for the management and treatment of serious and critical patients with UTIs.
Investigation of Internal Damage Evolution in Gneiss Considering Water Softening
Authors: Sun Changhai , Xie Bingxin , Wang Rui , Deng Xianghui , Wu Jin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In soft rock tunnels, there are often large deformations during construction, especially when the groundwater seepage and softens the surrounding rock. For achieving the purpose of studying the softening effect of water immersion on strength and stability of surrounding rock, 15 rock samples were selected for physical and mechanical tests under 5 conditions: natural state and free immersion for 1, 3, 6, and 9 months, and nuclear magnetic resonance technology(NMR) was also adopted to test the internal pore structure of specimens with different immersion durations, thus the micro structure features of the gneiss, such as the NMR relaxation time T2 spectrum distribution, porosity, and pore volume ratio of different pore sizes under water softening were then obtained. The NMR results shows that the longer the free immersion duration of the rock sample, the greater the porosity; at the same time, the number of micropores in the rock gradually decreases under the interaction of water and rock, and the mesopores increase slightly first and then decrease all the time. The number of macropores is gradually increasing. When the immersion duration is 6 months, the number of macropores begins to increase significantly, and the mechanical properties of the specimens begin to drop significantly. By 9 months, the proportion of macropores in the rock has reached 57.6%. The results showed that the number growth of macropores is the root cause of the macroscopic failure of rock sample. The study results have significance for on-site construction in water-rich areas.
Association between Triglyceride glucose index and severity of diabetic foot ulcers in type2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Chen Weihao , Wang Xuedong , Jiang  , Wu Jiyan , Shi Wanyan , Wang Xiaoxiao , Yin Yihu , Zheng Jiayin , Hu Xiang , Lin Cai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is a good surrogate biomarker to evaluate insulin resistance (IR). The study aimed to investigate whether the TyG index is related to the severity of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods: A total of 1059 T2DM patients were enrolled in this observational, retrospective, single-center study. TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dl)×fasting glucose (mg/ dl)/2]. The severity of DFUs was classified into mild-to-moderate DFUs (Wagner grade score <3) and severe DFUs (Wagner grade score ≥3) based on Wagner classification. Patients were stratified according to the tertiles of TyG index. Logistic regression models were implemented to explore the association between TyG index and the severity of DFUs. Subgroup analyses were used to verify the reliability of results.
Results: Compared with the reference lowest TyG tertile (T1), the highest tertile (T3) was associated with 0.377-fold increased risk of prevalence of severe DFUs (odds ratio [OR] 1.377, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.017-1.865) (P =0.039). After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.506 (1.079-2.103) (P =0.016) in patients with highest tertile. Moreover, subgroup analyses indicated that the association was stronger among men, patients with age ≥ 65 years, duration of diabetes more than 10 years, or without PAD.
Conclusions: Elevated TyG index is independently associated with severity of DFUs even after adjusting conventional confounders.
Combined RNA interference and gene replacement therapy targeting MFN2 for the treatment of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A
Authors: Rizzo Federica , Bono Silvia , Ruepp Marc David , Salani Sabrina , Ottoboni Linda , Abati Elena , Melzi Valentina , Cordiglieri Chiara , Pagliarani Serena , De Gioia Roberta , Anastasia Alessia , Taiana Michela , Garbellini Manuela , Lodato Simona , Kunderfranco Paolo , Cazzato Daniele , Cartelli Daniele , Lonati Caterina , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo , Nizzardo Monica , Corti S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein essential for mitochondrial networking in most cells. Autosomal dominant mutations in the MFN2 gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A disease (CMT2A), a severe and disabling sensory-motor neuropathy that impacts the entire nervous system. Here, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy tailored to correcting the root genetic defect of CMT2A. Though mutant and wild-type MFN2 mRNA are inhibited by RNA interference (RNAi), the wild-type protein is restored by overexpressing cDNA encoding functional MFN2 modified to be resistant to RNAi. We tested this strategy in CMT2A patient-specific human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-differentiated motor neurons (MNs), demonstrating the correct silencing of endogenous MFN2 and replacement with an exogenous copy of the functional wild-type gene. This approach significantly rescues the CMT2A MN phenotype in vitro, stabilizing the altered axonal mitochondrial distribution and correcting abnormal mitophagic processes. The MFN2molecular correction was also properly confirmed in vivo in the MitoCharc1 CMT2A transgenic mouse model after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) delivery of the constructs into newborn mice using adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9). Altogether, our data support the feasibility of a combined RNAi and gene therapy strategy for treating the broad spectrum of human diseases associated with MFN2mutations.
Key Genes, Altered Pathways and Potential Treatments for Muscle Loss in Astronauts and Sarcopenic Patients
Authors: Caicedo Andrés , Castañeda Verónica , Díaz Juan , Haro-Vinueza Alissen , Park Jiwoon , Kim JangKeun Kim , Overbey Eliah , Salinas Ivonne , Nardocci Gino , Camera Andrea , Mason Christopher , Beheshti Afshin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle mass and strength in the elderly. Interestingly, astronauts suffer from a sarcopenic-like phenotype due to microgravity, thus effective countermeasures and preventive strategies are needed. Earth precision medicine combined with statistical, co-expression network and pathway analysis enables us to explore gene expression data from people with and without sarcopenia to obtain a list of 21 Key Genes (KGs). We then validated our KGs upon data from human endothelial cells cultured in the International Space Station, and astronauts’ samples from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and Inspiration 4 mission. Our results suggest that POMC and GOLGA8R are the most robust biomarkers identified for muscle loss. Finally, a pharmacological screening performed to target our KGs showed that POMC activity can be modulated using phase IV or approved drugs. Combining Earth’s precision medicine with space data is a promising approach to address common conditions related to accelerated aging.
Pollen morphology for successful pollination dependent on pollinator taxa in a generalist plant: Relationship with foraging behavior
Authors: Hasegawa Takuya , Itagaki Tomoyuki , Sakai Satoki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Pollen morphology varies at inter- and intraspecific levels. Its interaction with pollinator behavior and morphology determines pollen fate. We tested whether pollen morphology promoting successful pollination differs depending on pollinator taxa in a generalist shrub, Weigela hortensis (Caprifoliaceae). We identified flower visitors carrying pollen from anthers to stigmas and compared the spine length and diameter of the pollen grains they carried. We found that pollen on the bodies of bumble bees and hunch-back flies and the scopae of small bees (including andrenid bees) contributed to seed production. Pollen grains on the bodies of bumble bees had longer spines than those on the scopae of andrenid bees or the bodies of hunch-back flies. Pollen grains on the scopae of andrenid bees had larger diameters than those on hunch-back flies. Bumble bees collected pollen grains with shorter spines and larger diameters on their corbiculae while andrenid bees collected pollen grains with shorter spines and intermediate diameters on their scopae. The differences in morphology of pollen carried by pollinators reflected pollen collection from bodies to corbiculae/scopae by bees. Our findings suggest that pollen morphology has diversified to facilitate successful pollination by pollinating partners.
First-principles study on the high-pressure physical properties of orthocarbonate Ca 2 CO 4
Authors: Liu Zi-Jiang , Li Tian , Sun Xiao-Wei , Zhang Cai-Rong , Liu Zhong-Li , Song Ting , Wen Xiao-Dong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrthorhombic Ca2CO4(space groupPnma) is a recently discovered orthocarbonate whose high-pressure physical properties are critical for understanding the deep carbon cycle. Here, we study the structure, elastic and seismic properties of Ca2CO4-Pnmaat 20–140 GPa using first-principles calculations, and compare them with the results of CaCO3polymorphs. The results show that the structural parameters of Ca2CO4-Pnmaare in good agreement with the experimental results. It is the potential host of carbon in the Earth's mantle subduction slab, and its low wave velocity and small anisotropy may be the reason why it cannot be detected in seismic observation. The thermodynamic properties of Ca2CO4-Pnmaat high temperature and high pressure are obtained using the quasi-harmonic approximation method. This study provides new insights into the behavior of carbonate and carbon cycles in the mantle.
β-Variational autoencoders and transformers for reduced-order modelling of fluid flows
Authors: Vinuesa Ricardo , Solera-Rico Alberto , Vila Carlos Sanmiguel , Gomez MA , Wang Yuning , Almashjary Abdulrahman , Dawson Scott 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Variational autoencoder (VAE) architectures have the potential to develop reduced-order models (ROMs) for chaotic fluid flows. We propose a method for learning compact and near-orthogonal ROMs using a combination of a β-VAE and a transformer, tested on numerical data from a two-dimensional viscous flow in both periodic and chaotic regimes. The β-VAE is trained to learn a compact latent representation of the flow velocity, and the transformer is trained to predict the temporal dynamics in latent space. Using the β-VAE to learn disentangled representations in latent space, we obtain a more interpretable flow model with features that resemble those observed in the proper orthogonal decomposition, but with a more efficient representation. Using Poincaré maps, the results show that our method can capture the underlying dynamics of the flow outperforming other prediction models. The proposed method has potential applications in other fields such as weather forecasting, structural dynamics or biomedical engineering.
Fatigue in Children Using Motor Imagery and P300 Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Keough Joanna Renée Grandinetti , Irvine Brian , Kelly Dion , Wrightson James , Marquez Daniel Comaduran , Kinney-Lang Eli , Kirton Adam 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology offers children with quadriplegic cerebral palsy unique opportunities for communication, environmental exploration, learning, and game play. Research in adults demonstrates a negative impact of fatigue on BCI enjoyment, while effects on BCI performance are variable. To date, there have been no pediatric studies of BCI fatigue. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two different BCI paradigms, motor imagery and visual P300, on the development of self-reported fatigue and an electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker of fatigue in healthy children.Methods Thirty-seven typically-developing school-aged children were recruited to a prospective, crossover study. Participants attended three sessions: (A) motor imagery-BCI, (B) visual P300-BCI, and (C) video viewing (control). The motor imagery task involved an imagined left- or right-hand squeeze. The P300 task involved attending to one square on a 3x3 grid during a random single flash sequence. Each paradigm had respective calibration periods and a similar visual counting game. Primary outcomes were self-reported fatigue and the power of the EEG alpha band both collected during resting-state periods pre- and post-task. Self-reported fatigue was measured using a 10-point visual analog scale. EEG alpha band power was calculated as the integrated power spectral density from 8–12 Hz of the EEG spectrum.Results Thirty-two children completed the protocol (age range 7–16, 63% female). Self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power increased across all sessions (F(1,155) = 33.9, p < 0.001; F = 4.0(1,149), p = 0.047 respectively). No differences in fatigue development were observed between session types. There was no correlation between self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power change. BCI performance varied between participants and paradigms as expected but was not associated with self-reported fatigue or EEG alpha band power.Conclusion Short periods (30-mintues) of BCI use can increase self-reported fatigue and EEG alpha band power to a similar degree in children performing motor imagery and P300 BCI paradigms. Performance was not associated with our measures of fatigue; the impact of fatigue on useability and enjoyment is unclear. Our results reflect the variability of fatigue and the BCI experience more broadly in children and warrant further investigation.
Hybrid Quantum Artificial Intelligence Electromagnetic Spectrum Analysis Framework for Transportation System Security
Authors: Vaidyan Varghese Mathew , Rimal Bhaskar P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The traffic signal control (TSC) system is faced with both opportunities and challenges as a consequence of connected vehicle (CV) technology. Although implementing CV technology might considerably enhance safety and mobility performance, the connection between vehicles and transportation infrastructure may raise the dangers of cyber-attacks. Studies on cybersecurity in TSC systems have been undertaken in recent years. However, a safe framework for air-gapped malware analysis is still lacking. Our study aims to close this research gap by presenting a thorough electromagnetic analysis approach to address the cybersecurity issue facing the TSC in the CV environment. In this technique, a hybrid deep-learning architecture based on classical-quantum transfer learning models is constructed to study electromagnetic (EM) spectra. We assess the effect of adversarial attacks on TSC systems using these hybrid models and distinguish attacks from normal operations of the controller. A neural network trained on a dataset to collect pertinent characteristics from a high-dimensional dataset of Electromagnetic (EM) trace-based TSC attack vectors form the basis of hybrid models. The outcome of the standard deep learning process is then examined by the quantum layer. A number of quantum gates make up the quantum layer, which can enable a number of quantum mechanical activities, including superposition and entanglement. The most conceivable and feasible attack approach in transport signal controllers has been found to be data spoofing, and the potential of the proposed air-gapped electromagnetic Hybrid classical quantum monitoring framework in sensor fusion and interrupts is explored in light of these findings.
Artificial intelligence education system based on feedback-adjusted differential evolution algorithm
Authors: Xu Xiangyan , Zhao Hongmei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to build a high-quality artificial intelligence teaching system, based on the feedback adjustment differential evolution algorithm, this paper constructs an artificial intelligence teaching model based on machine learning, which aims to minimize the total cost of normalized network resources. Moreover, this paper abstracts the SFC mapping problem into an integer linear programming problem, which simplifies the SFC mapping solution process, and proposes a business-aware greedy search algorithm. At the same time, this paper takes into account factors such as the betweenness centrality of data center nodes in DC-EON and the maximum overlap between SFCs to complete VNF deployment, and this paper considers the bandwidth request of the virtual link, the route length and the betweenness centrality of the link to realize the link mapping. In addition, in order to improve the effectiveness of the algorithm solution, this paper designs a feedback-adjusted differential evolution operator to optimize the individuals in the population. Finally, this paper designs experiments to study the performance of the algorithm and the model. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the algorithm and model proposed in this paper basically meet expectations.
Thickness of hydrogel for nitrifying biomass entrapment determines the free ammonia susceptibility differently in batch and continuous modes
Authors: Song Minsu , Yuan Meng , Jeong Sanghyun , Bae Hyokwan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hydrogels immobilizing nitrifying bacteria with different thicknesses of 0.55 and 1.13 cm (HG-0.55 and HG-1.13, respectively) were produced. It was recognized that the thickness of media is a crucial process parameter that affects both the stability and efficiency of wastewater treatment. Batch mode experiments were conducted to quantify specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) values at various total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentrations and pH levels. In the batch test, HG-0.55 exhibited 2.4 times higher nitrifying activity than HG-1.13, with corresponding SOUR values of 0.00768 and 0.00317 mg-O2/L·mL-PVA·min, respectively. However, HG-0.55 was more susceptible to free ammonia (FA) toxicity than HG-1.13, resulting in a reduction of 80% and 50% in SOUR values for HG-0.55 and − 1.13, respectively, upon increasing the FA concentration from 15.73 to 118.12 mg-FA/L. Continuous mode experiments were conducted to assess the partial nitritation (PN) strategy's efficiency in practical applications, where continuous wastewater inflow maintains low FA toxicity through high ammonia-oxidizing rates. With step-wise TAN concentration increases, HG-0.55 experienced a gentler increase in FA concentration compared to HG-1.13. At a nitrogen loading rate of 0.78–0.95 kg-N/m3·day, the FA increase rate for HG-0.55 was 0.0179 kg-FA/m3·day, while that of HG-1.13 was 0.0516 kg-FA/m3·day. Despite its sensitivity to FA toxicity, the thinner HG-0.55 can enhance PN performance owing to its higher ammonia-oxidizing activity. FA susceptibility depends on hydrogel thickness in batch and continuous modes, with continuous mode favoring thin gel with high ammonia-oxidizing activity due to the decrease in FA accumulation.
Does economic policy uncertainty affect monetary policy and election’s governance in United States?
Authors: Othmani Abdelhafidh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of economic policy uncertainty on US interest rates and election policy. For estimating monthly data from 2008 to 2021 he uses a VAR model. Our estimates suggest that a one-standard-deviation shock in economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact on electoral policy in the short run. Although it does not affect interest rates.
JEL Classification : D72, D81, E43, E52
Identification of a shared, common haplotype segregating with an SGCB c.544T&gt;G mutation in Indian patients affected with sarcoglycanopathy
Authors: Sanga Shamita , Chakraborty Sudipta , Bardhan Mainak , Polavarapu Kiran , Kumar Veeramani Preethish , Bhattacharya Chandrika , Nashi Saraswati , Vengalil Seena , Geetha Thenral S. , Ramprasad Vedam , Nalini Atchayaram , Basu Analabha , Acharya Moulinath 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Sarcoglycanopathy is the most frequent form of autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies caused by mutations in SGCB gene encoding beta-sarcoglycan proteins. In this study, we describe a shared, common haplotype co-segregating in 14 sarcoglycanopathy cases from 13 unrelated families from south Indian region with the likely pathogenic homozygous mutation c.544T>G (p.Thr182Pro) in SGCB. Haplotype was reconstructed based on 5 polymorphic markers surrounding the c.544T>G mutation in the cases and related family members as well as 150 unrelated controls from general Indian populations using PLINK1.9. We identified haplotype H1= G, A, T, G, G, T at a significantly higher frequency in cases compared to related controls and general Indian population. Upon segregation analysis within the family pedigrees, H1 is observed to co-segregate with c.544T>G in a homozygous state in all the pedigrees of cases except one indicating a probable event of founder effect. Furthermore, Identical-by-descent and inbreeding coefficient analysis revealed relatedness among 33 new pairs of seemingly unrelated individuals from sarcoglycanopathy cohort and a higher proportion of homozygous markers, thereby indicating towards common ancestry. Since all these patients are from the south Indian region, we suggest this region to be a primary target of mutation screening in patients diagnosed with sarcoglycanopathy.