bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle fibre type and enzymatic activity in adult offspring following placental and peripheral malaria exposure in foetal life
Authors: Christensen Dirk L. , Mutabingwa Theonest K. , Bygbjerg Ib C. , Vaag Allan A. , Grunnet Louise G. , Lajeunesse-Trempe Fanny , Nielsen Jannie , Schmiegelow Christentze , Ramaiya Kaushik L. , Myburgh Kathryn H. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundMaternal malaria may restrict foetal growth. Impaired utero-placental blood flow due to malaria infection may cause hypoxia-induced altered skeletal muscle fibre type distribution in the offspring, which may contribute to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. This study assessed muscle fibre distribution 20 years after placental and/or peripheral in-utero malaria exposure compared to no exposure, i.e., PPM+, PM+, and M-, respectively.MethodsWe traced 101 men and women offspring of mothers who participated in a malaria chemosuppression study in Muheza, Tanzania. Of 76 eligible participants, 50 individuals (29 men and 21 women) had skeletal muscle biopsy taken from m. vastus lateralis in the right leg. As previously reported, fasting and 30 min post-oral glucose challenge plasma glucose values were higher, and insulin secretion disposition index was lower, in the PPM+ group. Aerobic capacity (fitness) was estimated by an indirect VO2max test on a stationary bicycle. Muscle fibre sub-type (myosin heavy chain, MHC) distribution was analysed, as were muscle enzyme activities (citrate synthase (CS), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, myophosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase activities. Between-group analyses were adjusted for MHC-I %.ResultsNo differences in aerobic capacity were found between groups. Despite subtle elevations of plasma glucose levels in the PPM+ group, there was no difference in MHC sub-types or muscle enzymatic activities between the malaria-exposed and non-exposed groups.ConclusionThe current study did not show differences in MHC towards glycolytic sub-types or enzymatic activity across the sub-groups. The results support the notion of the mild elevations of plasma glucose levels in people exposed to placental malaria in pregnancy being due to compromised pancreatic insulin secretion rather than insulin resistance.
Positive youth development attributes, mental disorder, and problematic online behaviors in adolescents: a longitudinal study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gan Xiong , Xiang Guo-Xing , Li Min , Jin Xin , Qin Ke-Nan 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents have increasingly suffered from online problem behaviors and mental disorders. But little research has paid attention to the protective factors among adolescents. Therefore, the present study attempted to investigate the role of positive youth development (PYD) attributes in adolescents’ depression, internet gaming disorder (IGD) and cyberbullying/victimization (CBV).MethodsA total of 995 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.97 years, SD = 0.77, 325 boys) from two public high schools in Hubei province were recruited to participate in the three-wave longitudinal study over the span of 1 year during the pandemic (Time 1: November, 2020; Time 2: May, 2021; Time 3: November, 2021).ResultsT1 PYD attributes negatively predicted T2 depression and T3 online problematic behaviors. T2 depression positively predicted IGD at T3. T3 IGD significantly predicted greater involvement in T3 CBV, and vice versa. Moreover, depression and one online problem behavior mediated the relationships between PYD attributes and the other online problem behavior, separately and sequentially.DiscussionThese findings demonstrated the protective role of PYD attributes in prevention of mental disorders and online problem behaviors among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehensive measures should be taken to assist young people to develop more PYD attributes to promote healthy growth.
Research hotspots and new trends in the impact of resistance training on aging, bibliometric and visual analysis based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer
Authors: Mi Junmin , Zhang Litao , Sun Wei , Wang Zhen , Yang Pengbo , Zhang Jiachen , Zhang Yani 
Published: June 2023

PurposeResistance training (RT) can intervene in aging, which can effectively improve trainees’ life. However, unhealthy living habits such as irregular life, obesity and hyperlipidemia, and chronic diseases lead to a significant decline in the energy level of the population, seriously affecting the health of the population. Our research identifies the research hotspots of RT to intervene in aging from the perspective of bibliometrics, predicts research frontiers and development trends, and provides more perspectives for research on aging populations.MethodsIn this study, we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer visualization software to draw the scientific knowledge map of countries/regions, institutions, authors, co-occurrence keywords, and co-cited references of published articles, and explore the Web of Science core collection database all about the RT intervention aging research status, hotspots, frontiers, and development trends of articles on aging.ResultsAmong the 760 articles that meet the inclusion criteria, the number of articles published and the frequency of citations have increased steadily in the past 5 years. Judging from the countries/regions, institutions, scholars, and journals that published articles, the ones with the largest numbers are the USA, Univ Estadual Londrina, Cyrino ES, and Exp Gerontol. The ones with the highest influence are England, Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Frontera WR, and Biochem Biophys Rep Co. The top five co-occurrence keywords of include exercise, strength, resistance training, skeletal muscle, and muscle strength. The research frontier is physical function.ConclusionIn the field of RT intervention aging research, relevant scholars deserve further in-depth research and exploration. The United States, Brazil, Canada, and other economically developed countries/regions, institutions, and authors have greater influence and productivity. These quantitative research results can provide references for relevant scholars’ follow-up research and government departments to formulate and modify health policies or measures.
COVID-19 vaccination coverage and its cognitive determinants among older adults in Shanghai, China, during the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Wei Lu , Zeng Wu , Huang Yangyang , Ye Guoxin , Chen Ying , Yang Ling , Cai Yuyang 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the coverage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and its cognitive determinants among older adults.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire to conduct a survey among 725 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above in June 2022, 2 months after the mass COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai, China. The questionnaire covered demographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination status, internal risk perception, knowledge, and attitude toward the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.ResultsThe vaccination rate was 78.3% among the surveyed individuals. Self-reported reasons for unwillingness to get vaccinated (multiple selections) were “concerns about acute exacerbation of chronic diseases after vaccination (57.3%)” and “concerns regarding vaccine side effects (41.4%).” Compared to the unvaccinated group, the vaccinated group tended to have a higher score in internal risk perception (t = 2.64, P &lt; 0.05), better knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines (t = 5.84, P &lt; 0.05), and a more positive attitude toward the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines (t = 7.92, P &lt; 0.05). The path analysis showed that the cognitive effect on vaccination behavior is relatively large, followed by the internal risk perception, and then the attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines. The more knowledgeable the participants were about COVID-19 vaccines, the more likely they were to receive the COVID-19 vaccines. In the multivariate logistic regression, the increased coverage of COVID-19 vaccination was associated with reduced age (OR = 0.53 95% CI 0.43–0.66, P &lt; 0.001), being a resident in other places than Shanghai (OR = 0.40, 95% CI 0.17–0.92, P &lt; 0.05), a shorter time of lockdown (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.83, P &lt; 0.05), a history of other vaccines (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.45–4.60, P &lt; 0.01), a fewer number of chronic diseases (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.38–0.62, P &lt; 0.001), better knowledge about COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.17–2.19, P &lt; 0.01), and a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines (OR = 9.22, 95% CI 4.69–18.09, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionAcquiring accurate knowledge and developing a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccines are important factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination. Disseminating informed information on COVID-19 vaccines and ensuring efficacious communication regarding their efficacy and safety would enhance awareness about COVID-19 vaccination among older adults and consequently boost their vaccination coverage.
A study on the sustainability assessment of China’s basic medical insurance fund under the background of population aging–evidence from Shanghai
Authors: Yu Zhi-Qing , Chen Li-Peng , Qu Jun-Qiao , Wu Wan-Zong , Zeng Yi 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveAs China’s population aging process accelerates, the expenditure of China’s basic medical insurance fund for employees may increase significantly, which may threaten the sustainability of China’s basic medical insurance fund for employees. This paper aims to forecast the future development of China’s basic medical insurance fund for employees in the context of the increasingly severe aging of the population.MethodsThis paper taking an empirical study from Shanghai as an example, constructs an actuarial model to analyze the impact of changes in the growth rate of per capita medical expenses due to non-demographic factors and in the population structure on the sustainability of the basic medical insurance fund for employees.ResultsShanghai basic medical insurance fund for employees can achieve the goal of sustainable operation in 2021-2035, with a cumulative balance of 402.150–817.751 billion yuan in 2035. The lower the growth rate of per capita medical expenses brought about by non-demographic factors, the better the sustainable operation of the fund.ConclusionShanghai basic medical insurance fund for employees can operate sustainably in the next 15 years, which can further reduce the contribution burden of enterprises, which lays the foundation for improving the basic medical insurance treatment for employees.
Sex differences in the risk factors of disability among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension: Longitudinal results from the Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand study (HART)
Authors: Wongsin Utoomporn , Chen Tuo-Yu 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundHypertension poses a serious health problem among Thai older adults which could subsequently lead to disability. However, little to no research has been conducted to understand modifiable risk factors of disability among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in Thailand. In addition, sex is an important social determinant of health, but its role in disability among older adults with hypertension is less clear.ObjectivesThis study focused on community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in Thailand and investigated predictors of disability and examined sex differences in the risk factors that were associated with disability in this population.MethodsLongitudinal data were from the Health, Aging, and Retirement in Thailand (HART) survey (2015–2017; N = 916). The outcome variable was difficulty with the activity of daily living at follow-up. Potential risk factors included sociodemographic information, health behaviors/health status, and disability at baseline. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression analysis were employed to analyze the data.ResultsMost of the participants were female and between aged 60 and 69 years old. Being in an older age group (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.07–2.97, p &lt; 0.05), having more chronic conditions (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.10–1.73, p &lt; 0.01), experiencing obesity (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11–3.69, p &lt; 0.05), and having disability at baseline (OR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.09–5.37, p &lt; 0.05) significantly predicted disability at 2 year follow-up among community-dwelling Thai older adults with hypertension. The effects of these risk factors on disability at follow-up did not differ by sex. However, different risk factors of disability were observed across sexes.ConclusionThe situations of disability among older adults with hypertension in Thailand are likely to aggravate due to the rapid aging of the population. Our analysis provided useful information regarding significant predictors of disability and sex-specific risk factors of disability. Tailored promotion and prevention programs should be readily available to prevent disability among community-dwelling older adults with hypertension in Thailand.
Prevalence and factors associated with multimorbidity in adults in Brazil, according to sex: a population-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Pereira Cristina Camargo , Pedroso Charlise Fortunato , Batista Sandro Rogério Rodrigues , Guimarães Rafael Alves 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionMultimorbidity, defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual, represents a significant health challenge. However, there is limited evidence on its prevalence and associated factors in developing countries, such as Brazil, especially stratified by sex. Thus, this study aims to estimate the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with multimorbidity in Brazilian adults according to sex.MethodsCross-sectional population-based household survey carried out with Brazilian adults aged 18 years or older. The sampling strategy consisted of a three-stage conglomerate plan. The three stages were performed through simple random sampling. Data were collected through individual interviews. Multimorbidity was classified based on a list of 14 self-reported chronic diseases/conditions. Poisson regression analysis was performed to estimate the magnitude of the association between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with the prevalence of multimorbidity stratified by sex.ResultsA total of 88,531 individuals were included. In absolute terms, the prevalence of multimorbidity was 29.4%. The frequency in men and women was 22.7 and 35.4%, respectively. Overall, multimorbidity was more prevalent among women, the older people, residents of the South and Southeast regions, urban area residents, former smokers, current smokers, physically inactive, overweight, and obese adults. Individuals with complete high school/incomplete higher education had a lower prevalence of multimorbidity than those with higher educational level. The associations between education and multimorbidity differed between sexes. In men, multimorbidity was inversely associated with the strata of complete middle school/incomplete high school and complete high school/incomplete higher education, while in women, the association between these variables was not observed. Physical inactivity was positively associated with a higher prevalence of multimorbidity only in men. An inverse association was verified between the recommended fruit and vegetable consumption and multimorbidity for the total sample and both sexes.ConclusionOne in four adults had multimorbidity. Prevalence increased with increasing age, among women, and was associated with some lifestyles. Multimorbidity was significantly associated with educational level and physical inactivity only in men. The results suggest the need to adopt integrated strategies to reduce the magnitude of multimorbidity, specific by gender, including actions for health promotion, disease prevention, health surveillance and comprehensive health care in Brazil.
Barriers and facilitators to physical activity and further digital exercise intervention among inactive British adolescents in secondary schools: a qualitative study with physical education teachers
Authors: Moore Richard , Edmondson Lee , Gregory Maxine , Griffiths Kerry , Freeman Elizabeth 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundPrevious studies indicated that physical education programs in schools were unsuccessful to ameliorate physical activity (PA) behaviors among adolescents. This study investigated PE teachers’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to PA and further digital exercise interventions among inactive British adolescents in secondary schools based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model, the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).MethodA qualitative study was conducted among 156 PE teachers in England. deductive thematic analysis approach was applied to analyze data.ResultsA comprehensive perception of PE teachers revealed 21 barriers to PA among inactive adolescents in secondary schools. The study findings show that barriers exist across all categories of the COM-B model in physical opportunity (7), reflective motivation (5), social opportunity (4), psychological capability (4) and physical capability (1). The majority of these barriers were reported in previous studies as being barriers to PA from the perspective of children and adolescents. This shows that the findings are consistent with the views of children and adolescents that participated in these studies. Particular salient barriers for inactive adolescents were reported and greater insight into their experiences was highlighted. The study reported the main sources of behavior, intervention functions, policy functions, and behavior change tools that can be used for future behavior change interventions to support inactive adolescents.ConclusionThe study recommends using its findings to design interventions for inactive adolescents to achieve recommended levels of physical activity (PA). The study’s comprehensive approach and evidence-based solutions provide extensive reference points for future intervention design, informing policy and contributing to enhancing support for inactive adolescents. Further development of digital exercise interventions, including conversational artificial intelligence (AI), is suggested to engage adolescents at scale and provide personalized support to overcome multiple barriers to PA.
Evaluation of feasibility and acceptability of a web-based diabetes prevention program (DPP) for diabetes risk reduction in Chinese Americans in New York City
Authors: Yeh Ming-Chin , Lau Wincy , Keady Claire Anselmo , Horlyck-Romanovsky Margrethe , Tung Ho-Jui , Hu Lu , Ma Grace X. , Wylie-Rosett Judith 
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIntensive lifestyle intervention remains an effective modality to reduce diabetes incidence and delay the progression to type 2 diabetes. The primary aim of this study was to pilot-test the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally and linguistically tailored web-based DPP intervention among Chinese Americans with prediabetes living in New York City.MethodsThirteen Chinese American participants with prediabetes were recruited to complete a 1-year web-based Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle intervention. Quantitative and qualitative measures such as retention rate and data collected from web-based questionnaires and focus groups were collected and analyzed to assess study feasibility and acceptability.Results and DiscussionParticipants were receptive to the program through high engagement, retention and satisfaction. Retention rate was 85%. 92% of participants completed at least 16 sessions out of 22 sessions. Post-trial surveys indicated high satisfaction of 27.2/32 based on Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) score. Participants expressed the program increased their knowledge and methods to prevent onset of type 2 diabetes such as incorporating healthy eating habits and increasing physical activities. Although not a primary outcome, there was a significant weight reduction of 2.3% at the end of month 8 of the program (p &lt; 0.05). The culturally and linguistically adapted DPP via online platform successfully demonstrated feasibility and acceptability among Chinese Americans with prediabetes. Further evaluation of the web-based Chinese Diabetes Prevention Program in a larger trial is warranted.
An external facilitation intervention to increase uptake of an adverse drug event reporting intervention
Authors: Lau Erica Y. , Small Serena S. , Butcher Kate , Cragg Amber , Loh Gabriel W. , Shalansky Steve , Hohl Corinne M. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundAdverse drug events (ADEs) are a leading cause of emergency department visits and hospital admissions in Canada. ActionADE prevents repeat ADEs by enabling clinicians to document and communicate standardized ADE information across care settings. We used an external facilitation intervention to promote the uptake of ActionADE in four hospitals in British Columbia, Canada. This study examined whether, how and in what context external facilitation influenced the uptake of ActionADE.MethodsIn this convergent-parallel mixed-methods study, an external facilitator used a four-step iterative process to support site champions using context-specific implementation strategies to increase the ADE reporting rate at their sites. We extracted archival data to assess implementation determinants before and after the implementation of the external facilitation and implementation strategies. We also retrieved data on the mean monthly counts of reported ADEs for each user from the ActionADE server. Zero-inflated Poisson models were used to examine changes in mean monthly counts of reported ADEs per user between pre-intervention (June 2021 to October 2021) and intervention (November 2021 to March 2022) periods.ResultsThe external facilitator and site champions co-created three functions: (1) educate pharmacists about what and how to report in ActionADE, (2) educate pharmacists about the impact of ActionADE on patient outcomes, and (3) provide social support for pharmacists to integrate ADE reporting into clinical workflows. Site champions used eight forms to address the three functions. Peer support and reporting competition were the two common strategies used by all sites. Sites’ responses to external facilitation varied. The rate of mean monthly counts of reported ADEs per user significantly increased during the intervention period compared to the pre-intervention period at LGH (RR: 3.74, 95% CI 2.78 to 5.01) and RH (RR: 1.43, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.94), but did not change at SPH (RR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.43 to 1.09) and VGH (RR: 1.17, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.49). Leave of absence of the clinical pharmacist champion and failure to address all identified functions were implementation determinants that influenced the effectiveness of external facilitation.ConclusionExternal facilitation effectively supported researchers and stakeholders to co-create context-specific implementation strategies. It increased ADE reporting at sites where clinical pharmacist champions were available, and where all functions were addressed.