bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variations and multi-level determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among young women (15–24 years) in Ethiopia: spatial and multi-level analysis of mini-EDHS 2019
Authors: Merid Mehari Woldemariam , Kibret Anteneh Ayelign , Alem Adugnaw Zeleke , Asratie Melaku Hunie , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Chilot Dagmawi , Belay Daniel Gashaneh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There is tremendous regional inequalities and low uptake of modern contraceptives particularly among young women (15–24 years), characterized by high fertility but high unmet need for contraceptives in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study aimed at exploring the spatial distribution and the multi-level determinants of modern contraceptive use among young women in Ethiopia.

Methods
This study was conducted using the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data on a weighted sample of 3,379 young women. STATA version 14 for the multi-level, and ArcGIS 10.7 and Sat Scan 9.6 for the spatial analysis were used. Spatial analysis was done to identify the hotspot areas of modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia. Multi-variable multi-level logistic regression was used for identifying determinants of modern contraceptive use and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered to be significant determinants.

Result
The overall prevalence of modern contraceptive use among young women in Ethiopia was 17.23% (95% CI: 10.98, 23.47). The hotspots areas for modern contraceptive use were detected in the central and south-western Amhara, western and central Oromia, and western SNNPR regions. Whereas the Somali region, Dire dawa, and Harari cities were cold spot areas for modern contraceptive use.
Being married (AOR = 18.5; 95% CI: 12.66, 27.27), parity (AOR = 4.82; 95% CI: 1.27, 18.32), having television (AOR = 2.39; 95%CI: 1.43, 3.99), having radio (AOR = 1.43; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.94) had higher odds of using modern contraceptives compared to their counterparts. Besides, family size of above five (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.62) and living in Somali region (AOR = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.32) were associated with decreased odds of using modern contraceptives among young women in Ethiopia.

Conclusion
The modern contraceptive use was low among young women and considerably varied across regions in Ethiopia. A remarkably low rate of modern contraceptive use (cold spot) area was detected in Somali region-Ethiopia. Taking in to account a geographic perspective and key factors identified in this study would be vital for efficient resource allocation, targeted interventions, and informed decision-making to enhance contraceptive uptake in Ethiopia.
Phenomenology as a research methodology in teaching English as a foreign language
Authors: Bonyadi Alireza 
Published: April 2023

AbstractConsidering the fact there is no single research approach capturing the nature of multi-faceted educational phenomena, phenomenology, as a research method, can be employed in educational settings to explore the essence of a certain phenomenon from the perspective of the one who has experienced it. Advocating positioning this methodology in EFL context, the present paper initially, delineates the basic principles of the approach. Then, it illustrates how a phenomenological approach can be applied in language teaching drawing on one of the author’s own case studies in the field of EFL context entitled as EFL student’s perception on her academic failure. The paper concludes that an appropriate application of phenomenology to EFL issues will help language teaching practitioners to broaden their understanding of pedagogical issues through learning from the experiences of teachers and students making them to re-evaluate their presuppositions on numerous educational issues.
Oncolytic virus-based suicide gene therapy for cancer treatment: a perspective of the clinical trials conducted at Henry Ford Health
Authors: Thoidingjam Shivani , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Freytag Svend , Brown Stephen L. , Kim Jae Ho , Chetty Indrin J. , Siddiqui Farzan , Movsas Benjamin , Nyati Shyam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractGene therapy manipulates or modifies a gene that provides a new cellular function to treat or correct a pathological condition, such as cancer. The approach of using gene manipulation to modify patient’s cells to improve cancer therapy and potentially find a cure is gaining popularity. Currently, there are 12 gene therapy products approved by US-FDA, EMA and CFDA for cancer management, these include Rexin-G, Gendicine, Oncorine, Provange among other. The Radiation Biology Research group at Henry Ford Health has been actively developing gene therapy approaches for improving clinical outcome in cancer patients. The team was the first to test a replication-competent oncolytic virus armed with a therapeutic gene in humans, to combine this approach with radiation in humans, and to image replication-competent adenoviral gene expression/activity in humans. The adenoviral gene therapy products developed at Henry Ford Health have been evaluated in more than 6 preclinical studies and evaluated in 9 investigator initiated clinical trials treating more than100 patients. Two phase I clinical trials are currently following patients long term and a phase I trial for recurrent glioma was initiated in November 2022. This systematic review provides an overview of gene therapy approaches and products employed for treating cancer patients including the products developed at Henry Ford Health.
Time sensitive networking security: issues of precision time protocol and its implementation
Authors: Berardi Davide , Tippenhauer Nils O. , Melis Andrea , Prandini Marco , Callegati Franco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTime Sensitive Networking (TSN) will be an integral component of industrial networking. Time synchronization in TSN is provided by the IEEE-1588, Precision Time Protocol (PTP) protocol. The standard, dating back to 2008, marginally addresses security aspects, notably not encompassing the frames designed for management purposes (Type Length Values or TLVs). In this work we show that the TLVs can be abused by an attacker to reconfigure, manipulate, or shut down time synchronization. The effects of such an attack can be serious, ranging from interruption of operations to actual unintended behavior of industrial devices, possibly resulting in physical damages or even harm to operators. The paper analyzes the root causes of this vulnerability, and provides concrete examples of attacks leveraging it to de-synchronize the clocks, showing that they can succeed with limited resources, realistically available to a malicious actor.
Histopathological categorization of desmoplastic reaction in gallbladder carcinoma: its relation to cancer invasiveness and prognostic utility
Authors: Baruah Abir , Bhuyan Geet , Saikia Projnan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Desmoplastic changes in a tumor have been observed to affect the tumor microenvironment, leading to both the facilitation and prevention of tumor invasiveness.

Methods
Between 2016 and 2020, a total of 120 patients were diagnosed with gallbladder carcinoma. The cases were reviewed for the type of desmoplastic reaction, tumor grade, and stage. The type of desmoplastic reaction was classified as mature, intermediate, and immature, and they were correlated with tumor grade and stage.

Results
Out of the total number of cases, 21.67%, 48.33%, 25%, and 5% belonged to stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. A total of 79.2% of these cases showed desmoplastic stromal reaction, and there was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the type of desmoplasia and tumor grade and stage. The occurrence of immature stroma was correlated with increasing tumor grade and stage, and occurrence of mature stroma was negatively correlated with increasing tumor grade and stage.

Conclusion
The assessment of the type of stromal desmoplastic reaction in primary gallbladder carcinoma can predict the tumor invasiveness.
Occupational and Environmental Challenges for Women
Authors: Lindberg Briana , Rerucha Caitlyn , Givens Melissa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The prevalence of women in the global workforce is increasing. Women increasingly participate in nontraditional employment settings in previously male-dominated industries and manually intensive professions, such as military service, emergency response, health care, aviation, space, agriculture, and technical trades. Limited occupational and environmental hazard data specific to women exist for these work environments. Physiologic and biomechanical differences between sexes create unique workplace challenges specific to women. This article will summarize challenges confronting women working in nontraditional employment and identify strategies to mitigate risk within these populations.
Natural Enemies Associated with Black Parlatoria Scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas) (Homoptera: Diaspididae), in Citrus Orchards at El- Qualubia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Faskha Shadi Mahmoud 
Published: April 2023

A survey on black parlatoria scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas), natural enemies present at El-Qualubia Governorate, Egypt, during the season 2010-2011, was carried out in an orchard of navel orange. Identification of the collected samples indicated that the most abundant enemies were the ectoparasitoid Aphytis hispanicus (Mercet), the endoparasitoid Prospaltella inquirenda (Silvestri) and two predatory mites Cheletogenes ornatus (Canestrini&Fanzago) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot). Aphytis hispanicus preferred to parasitize on males more than females and nymphs, whereas P. inquirenda preferred to attack females more than males and nymphs. The activity of parasitoids was not observed during the two main periods, the first from July to August, and the second from January to March. On the other hand, the predatory mites, C. ornatus and A. swirskii, prefer nutrition to females more than males and nymphs. The percentage of their population was high during the winter-spring and autumn host generations.
Between a role and identification. Understanding BDSM practices from practitioners’ perspective
Authors: Niebudek Anna , Iniewicz Grzegorz 
Published: April 2023

Cel pracyCelem podjętych badań było poznanie narracji i próba opisu w jaki sposób osoby identyfikujące się z praktykami BDSM (sadomasochizm (S/M), bondage and discipline (B&D)) opisują je, jak je definiują oraz jakie upatrują funkcję praktyk w ich życiu.MetodaW badaniu została zastosowana metodologia badań jakościowych – teoria ugruntowana. Zgodnie z jej założeniami, celem jest zbudowanie teorii średniego zasięgu w oparciu o dużą ilość, różnorodnych danych. Grupę badaną stanowiły osoby w wieku 20-49 lat, identyfikujące się jako praktykujące BDSM. Przeprowadzono wywiady intensywne z 12 osobami.WynikiNa podstawie analizy językowej wywiadów wyodrębniono kategorie związane z tożsamością oraz definicją BDSM. Następnie stworzono model teoretyczny opisujący proces definiowania własnej seksualności u osób praktykujących BDSM.WnioskiBadania pokazały stadialność procesu definiowania i akceptowania swojej seksualności przez osoby praktykujące BDSM oraz wieloaspektowość identyfikacji z własną rolą w BDSM.
Punktem wyjścia kształtowania się identyfikacji z praktykami BDSM była tożsamość płciowa i orientacja seksualna. Osoby badane definiowały swoją seksualność poprzez identyfikowanie się z rolą w praktykach BDSM lub poprzez czasowe podejmowanie określonej roli. Wydaje się jednak, że definiowanie własnej seksualności u osób praktykujących BDSM nie jest systemem zero-jedynkowym ograniczonym do „tożsamości” lub „roli”, ale raczej continuum, rozciągającym się pomiędzy nimi.
Risk factors for weight gain in patients with first-episode psychosis
Authors: Batko Bogna , Szwajca Marta , Śmierciak Natalia , Krzyściak Wirginia , Turek Aleksander , Pilecki Maciej 
Published: April 2023

Cel pracyOcena związku między przyrostem masy ciała u pacjentów z pierwszorazowym epizodem psychozy (FEP), a czynnikami psycho-bio-społecznymi i socjologicznymi.MetodaW badaniu wzięło udział 25 osób z FEP w wieku 14-35 lat zbadanych w pierwszym tygodniu (P1) oraz po trzech miesiącach hospitalizacji (P3). W ciągu 3 miesięcy u wszystkich pacjentów zdiagnozowano schizofrenię. W badaniu wykorzystano: ankietę socjo-demograficzną, Skali Pozytywnych i Negatywnych Objawów Schizofrenii (PANSS), Inwentarza Stanu i Cechy Lęku (STAI), Kwestionariusza Radzenia Sobie W Sytuacjach Stresowych (CISS), Kwestionariusza Do Badania Zachowań Żywieniowych (QEB), rutynowe wyniki badań biochemicznych. Dla niektórych zmiennych obliczono różnice (zmienna_D) między wartościami w P1 i P3.WynikiWykazano zależności istotne statystycznie między masą ciała_P1, _P3 oraz _D z indeksem prozdrowotnym diety_P1 i _P3, nasileniem objawów psychotycznych mierzonych PANSS_P1 i _D, CISS skoncentrowanym na emocjach i zadaniu _P1, _P3 oraz _D, masą ciała matki w młodości i aktualną, masą ciała ojca w młodości i aktualną masą ciała oraz liczbą posiadanego przez pacjenta rodzeństwa. W analizie regresji liniowej istotnymi predyktorami masy ciała_P3 okazała się być masa ciała_P1oraz CISS skoncentrowany na emocjach_P1.WnioskiStwierdzono wieloczynnikowe uwarunkowania przyrostu masy ciała w FEP w schizofrenii. Przeciwdziałanie przyrostowi masy ciała nie powinna dotyczyć jedynie diety, ale również tego w jaki sposób nawyki żywieniowe powiązane są z towarzyszącą psychozie psychopatologią oraz funkcjonowaniem emocjonalnym pacjenta.
Optimizing Patient-Specific Medication Regimen Policies Using Wearable Sensors in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Baucum Matt , Khojandi Anahita , Vasudevan Rama , Ramdhani Ritesh 
Published: April 2023

Effective treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a continual challenge for healthcare providers, and providers can benefit from leveraging emerging technologies to supplement traditional clinic care. We develop a data-driven reinforcement learning (RL) framework to optimize PD medication regimens through wearable sensors. We leverage a data set of n = 26 PD patients who wore wrist-mounted movement trackers for two separate six-day periods. Using these data, we first build and validate a simulation model of how individual patients’ movement symptoms respond to medication administration. We then pair this simulation model with an on-policy RL algorithm that recommends optimal medication types, timing, and dosages during the day while incorporating human-in-the-loop considerations on medication administration. The results show that the RL-prescribed medication regimens outperform physicians’ medication regimens, despite physicians having access to the same data as the RL agent. To validate our results, we assess our wearable-based RL medication regimens using n = 399 PD patients from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative data set. We show that the wearable-based RL medication regimens would lead to significant symptom improvement for these patients, even more so than training RL policies directly from this data set. In doing so, we show that RL models from even small data sets of wearable data can offer novel, generalizable clinical insights and medication strategies, which may outperform those derived from larger data sets without wearable data. This paper was accepted by Carri Chan, healthcare management. Funding: This research is partially supported by the Science Alliance, University of Tennessee and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program, Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by UT-Battelle, LLC for the U.S. Department of Energy. Data used in this article were obtained from the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database, which is sponsored by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF). Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4747 .
The Multiple Facets of Corporate Purpose: An Analytical Typology
Authors: Besharov Marya , Mitzinneck Björn 
Published: April 2023

As firms increasingly adopt a corporate purpose, there is substantial variation in what this turn to purpose actually entails and divergent views about whether and how firms can realize their purpose aspirations. To capture this variation and analyze its implications for enacting purpose, we leverage three existing bodies of research in organization and management theory: Early organization theory illuminates uses of purpose to convey an organization’s overarching reason for being, organizational hybridity sheds light on purpose as an alternative organizational objective to profit maximization, and systems perspectives offer tools for explaining purpose as a catalyst of systemic change beyond the boundaries of the firm. The typology that we develop based on these three bodies of research provides analytical clarity about distinct facets of the corporate purpose phenomenon and surfaces complementary insights into challenges and opportunities associated with purpose enactment. In doing so, it illuminates the value of drawing on existing organization and management theories for advancing corporate purpose scholarship and provides a springboard for future research. History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.
Life course development following childhood adversity: methods and findings from the Christchurch Health and Development Study
Authors: Buchanan Mary , Newton-Howes Giles , McLeod Geri , Boden Joseph 
Published: April 2023

Aim:To review research developments on childhood adversity in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) since 2001.
Method:Narrative overview of the published work of the CHDS since 2001 in the context of research methods.
Results:The CHDS research has continued to evolve as the cohort has aged. A clear focus has remained on the measurement of outcomes associated with psychosocial risk factors over the life course. This focus has allowed the CHDS to examine the linkages between exposure to adversity in childhood and later mental health, psychosocial and occupational outcomes across the life span to middle adulthood. The CHDS has many strengths, including prospective measurement of a broad and deep set of constructs, the use of multiple informants for data, and a range of statistical approaches suited to repeated measures longitudinal data. The CHDS has pioneered new approaches to the study of human development over the lifespan, which has been instrumental in investigating childhood adversity.
Conclusion:The CHDS continues to provide unique information from a population cohort that has been studied for more than four decades. Future research will include examination of factors that mitigate the effects of childhood adversity and enhance resilience.
Lattice-matched AlInN/GaN bottom DBR impact on GaN-based vertical-cavity-surface-emitting laser diodes: systematical investigations
Authors: Ji Kaijie , Tian Kaikang , Gao Yuanbin , Hang Sheng , Chu Chunshuang , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Zi-Hui 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, by using advanced numerical models, we investigate the impact of the AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and AlInN/GaN DBR on stimulated radiative recombination for GaN-based vertical-cavity-surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). According to our results, when compared with the VCSEL with AlN/GaN DBR, we find that the VCSEL with AlInN/GaN DBR decreases the polarization-induced electric field in the active region, and this helps to increase the electron–hole radiative recombination. However, we also find that the AlInN/GaN DBR has a reduced reflectivity when compared with the AlN/GaN DBR with the same number of pairs. Furthermore, this paper suggests that more pairs of AlInN/GaN DBR will be set, which helps to even further increase the laser power. Hence, the 3 dB frequency can be increased for the proposed device. In spite of the increased laser power, the smaller thermal conductivity for AlInN than AlN results in the earlier thermal droop in the laser power for the proposed VCSEL.
Optical properties of the dual circularly polarized lights reflected from ITO films under electric and thermal fields
Authors: Jiao Xinbing , Xu Xiang , Zhang Yueyang 
Published: April 2023

Indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used in optoelectronic devices due to its excellent optical and electrical properties. The real-time characterization of the ITO surface under electric and thermal fields plays an important role in determining its performance. The Goos–Hänchen (GH) and Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shifts and polarization properties of the dual circularly polarized lights reflected from ITO films can be used to describe its features. The dual circularly polarized lights, right circularly polarized (RCP, S3≈+1) and left circularly polarized (LCP, S3≈−1) lights, are obtained by rotating the linear polarizer and quarter-wave plate. The polarization properties and the lateral shifts of the RCP and LCP lights were studied by a polarimeter and a slim beam profiler. The results show that the polarization properties of the dual circularly polarized lights are mainly affected by temperature. The degree of the polarization properties of the RCP and LCP lights changed from 97.85% to 97.40%, and from 98.40 % to 83.50%, respectively. The reflectivity of the RCP and LCP lights changed from 42.19% to 40.37%, and from 43.80% to 0.80%, respectively. The GH and IF shifts of the RCP light are 156.50 µm and186.00 µm, respectively. The GH and IF shifts of the LCP light are 233.00 µm and 257.00 µm, respectively. The ITO film has more effect on the LCP light than that of the RCP light due to its strong ITO film (400) plane.
The commitment to a midwifery centre care model in Bangladesh: An interview study with midwives, educators and students
Authors: Pappu Noor Islam , Öberg Ida , Byrskog Ulrika , Raha Pronita , Moni Ratna , Akhtar Shaheen , Barua Priti , Das Sujata Rani , De Shipra , Jyoti Hosne Jannat , Rahman Rezaur , Sinha Gita Rani , Erlandsson Kerstin 
Published: April 2023

Background
Midwifery-led care is a key factor in reducing maternal and new-born mortality globally. In Bangladesh, only a third of births are attended by professionals and almost 70% of births occur outside healthcare facilities. Midwifery is a relatively new profession in Bangladesh and a midwifery centre care model has only recently been introduced. This study aims to explore the willingness within the healthcare system to support a greater role for midwifery centres in maternity services.

Methods
Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 55 midwives, midwifery educators and final year midwifery students. Two of the midwifery educators were principals of nursing institutes involved in the government’s midwifery leadership and considered as experts in the midwifery care system. The data was analysed using qualitative content analysis. The transcribed interviews comprised 150 pages. The study received ethical approval from the Directorate General of Nursing and Midwifery in Bangladesh.

Results
One main category emerged from the study: “The foundations of a midwifery centre care model need to be strengthened for the sustainable implementation of midwifery centres in Bangladesh to continue”. Five additional categories were identified: 1) The midwifery centre care model is inaccessible for communities, 2) Striving for acceptable standards of care within a midwifery centre care model is not a priority 3) Respectful, woman-centred care is weak, 4) Community engagement with the midwifery centre care model is insufficient, and 5) The midwifery centre care model is not integrated into the healthcare system. These categories were supported by the identification of 11 sub-categories.

Conclusion
The willingness to commit to a midwifery centre care model is not yet in place in Bangladesh. Advocacy, information, and education about the benefits of normal birth assisted by professional midwives is needed at all levels of Bangladeshi society.