bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B vaccination coverage and associated factors among medical students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bosaso, Somalia 2021
Authors: Ali Abdifitah , Hussein Nur , Elmi Elmi Omar Haji , Ismail Abdiwahid , Abdi Mohamed 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
Hepatitis B virus infection is considered a serious health problem in developing countries since it causes chronic liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure. The risk of acquiring HBV is four times higher in HCWs compared to non-HCWs. Medical students are also considered a high-risk group for HBV infection for their exposure to body fluids and blood during medical training in health facilities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors among medical students in Bosaso universities, Somalia.
Methodology:
An institutional-based cross-sectional study has been conducted in four universities. The online raosoft sample size calculator has been used to calculate the sample size. A stratified sampling method is employed to draw participants from the four universities. In each university, the research participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Self-administered questionnaires have been distributed among 247 medical students. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS version 21, and findings were presented in tables, and proportions.
Results
Only 2.8% were fully vaccinated, while 5.3% have ever started taking the HBV doses. The main reasons for not getting vaccinated against Hep B included unavailability of the vaccines (32.8%), high vaccine cost (26.7%), fear of vaccine side effects (12.6%), lack of trust in vaccine quality (8.5%,), lack of awareness of the vaccine whereabouts (5.7%), and lack of time (2.8%). Occupation, monthly income, marital status, and availability of testing policy in the workplace were associated with HBV vaccine uptake with a correlation coefficient of 0.3, 0.2, 0.13, and 0.2, respectively (P-value < 0.05). 73.7% of the respondents scored higher than the average knowledge score regarding knowledge of HBV.
Conclusion
The vaccination coverage among medical students in Bosaso was very low (2.8%) and sheds light on the urgent importance of a National HBV infection elimination policy to be developed with Hep B vaccines being available and easily accessible to those at high risk including medical students. Expansion of the sample size to include multiple cities for increased representativeness plus Hepatitis B titer tests is recommended.
Relationship between Vitamin D Status and Caries Incidence in a Group of Egyptian Children: A cross-sectional Study
Authors: Elshiekh Manal Ahmed , Hanafy Rasha Mohamed Hatem 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Dental caries is one of the most common diseases of childhood. It affects the health and well-being of young children. Evidence suggests that malnutrition and vitamin deficiency may increase the risk to dental caries.
Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between vitamin D and dental caries in children.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 51 Egyptian children, aged from three to five years old and diagnosed from Abu Rish Children’s Hospital as ‘Sufficient’, ‘Insufficient’ or ‘Deficient’ in vitamin D. Children were divided into 3 equal groups (17 children each). For each child, a structured questionnaire, formed of four sections, was answered by the parents. Dental examination was performed under natural daylight, and caries index (dmf), for each group, was calculated and then compared.
Results: There was a medium negative statistically significant correlation between vitamin D levels and dmf scores (p=0.002). The highest mean dmf value was found in children with deficient levels (6.76±2.68), followed by those with insufficient levels (5.71±2.85), while the lowest value was found in children with sufficient levels of vitamin D (4.06±2.54). Most of cases not having gingivitis (p=0.704), not taking fluoride supplements (p=0.764), not brushing their teeth (p=0.896), not eating sugary snacks (p=0.492). There was a significant difference between the three groups (p=0.002) regarding the frequency of dental visits; most of them never go to the dentist except in pain.
Conclusion: There is an inverse association between vitamin D levels and dental caries status in preschool children.
Effect of Silica in Cementitious Composites Using Thermodynamic Modeling
Authors: Shanmugasundaram N , Praveenkumar S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

This article examines the effect of silica on pozzolanic performance of Portland cement blended with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS), and Bagasse Ash (BA). Using the thermodynamic modeling and X-Ray powder Diffraction technique (XRD), the effect of different water to binder ratios in cementitious composites is analyzed through the hydration process of the proposed mixes. The hydration of the composites involves the formation of Portlandite, Calcium-Silicate Hydrate (C-S-H), tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), tetracalcium aluminoferrite (C4AF) and ettringite at 28 days. The results of thermodynamic modeling are compared with XRD technique, compressive strength and strength activity index test. Portland cement blended with GGBS attained better pozzolanic activity with 0.3 and 0.35 water to binder ratios than admixed BA. Also, the hydration products predicted from thermodynamic modeling and XRD peaks are highly resound in compressive strength and strength activity index tests.
Towards functionally individualized designed footwear recommendation for overuse injury prevention: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mai Patrick , Robertz Leon , Robbin Johanna , Bill Kevin , Weir Gillian , Kurz Markus , Trudeau Matthieu B. , Hollander Karsten , Hamill Joseph , Willwacher Steffen 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Running shoes were categorized either as motion control, cushioned, or minimal footwear in the past. Today, these categories blur and are not as clearly defined. Moreover, with the advances in manufacturing processes, it is possible to create individualized running shoes that incorporate features that meet individual biomechanical and experiential needs. However, specific ways to individualize footwear to reduce individual injury risk are poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of (1) footwear design features that have the potential for individualization; (2) human biomechanical variability as a theoretical foundation for individualization; (3) the literature on the differential responses to footwear design features between selected groups of individuals. These purposes focus exclusively on reducing running-related risk factors for overuse injuries. We included studies in the English language on adults that analyzed: (1) potential interaction effects between footwear design features and subgroups of runners or covariates (e.g., age, gender) for running-related biomechanical risk factors or injury incidences; (2) footwear perception for a systematically modified footwear design feature. Most of the included articles (n = 107) analyzed male runners. Several footwear design features (e.g., midsole characteristics, upper, outsole profile) show potential for individualization. However, the overall body of literature addressing individualized footwear solutions and the potential to reduce biomechanical risk factors is limited. Future studies should leverage more extensive data collections considering relevant covariates and subgroups while systematically modifying isolated footwear design features to inform footwear individualization.
Clinical profile of children under 5 years of age with rotavirus diarrhoea in a hospital setting in Kisangani, DRC, after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Gbebangi-Manzemu Didier , Kampunzu Véronique Muyobela , Vanzwa Hortense Malikidogo , Mumbere Mupenzi , Bukaka Gaspard Mande , Likele Bibi Batoko , Kasai Emmanuel Tebandite , Mukinay Benoit Mbiya , Tonen-Wolyec Serge , Dauly Nestor Ngbonda , Opara Jean Pierre Alworong'a 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the countries with the highest rotavirus mortality rate in the world. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of rotavirus infection after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination of children in the city of Kisangani, DRC.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age admitted to 4 hospitals in Kisangani, DRC. Rotavirus was detected in children's stools by an immuno-chromatographic antigenic rapid diagnostic test.
Results: A total of 165 children under 5 years of age were included in the study. We obtained 59 with rotavirus infection, or 36% CI95 [27, 45]. The majority of children with rotavirus infection were unvaccinated (36 cases) and had watery diarrhoea (47 cases), of high frequency 9.6±3.4 and accompanied by severe dehydration (30 cases).
Conclusion: Rotavirus infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age is characterized by a severe clinical manifestation. Epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify risk factors associated with the infection.
Fish and benthic communities in an offshore and well-managed coral reef after bleaching disturbance in the Philippines
Authors: Quimpo Timothy Joseph , Requilme Jeremiah , Gomez Elizabeth , Sayco Sherry Lyn , Dumalagan Edwin , Siringan Fernando , Conaco Cecilia , Cabaitan Patrick 
Published: December 2022

AbstractClimate change is perhaps the greatest threat to coral reefs worldwide. However, there is spatial variation in the extent and severity of this disturbance, with offshore and well-managed reefs presumed to minimize the consequences. In this study, fish and benthic communities at the offshore and well-managed reefs of Apo Reef Natural Park, Philippines was examined during (2016), 2 years (2018) and 3 years (2019) after bleaching disturbance. Fish and benthic surveys were conducted on scuba at 5 sites at depths of 8-10m. Results showed that benthic communities varied more strongly with year attributed to changes in the benthic cover of coral. These changes were also influenced by site, with some sites experiencing coral loss of 41–48%, while at other sites there were minimal changes. These site differences were associated with the cover of coral pre-bleaching, with higher cover prior to the disturbance contributing to larger losses. Fish communities varied more with sites associated with differences in the predominant benthos among sites. The stability of fish communities with year despite coral loss may be attributed to the variable loss of coral cover among sites. For sites that experienced high losses of coral cover, the presence of alternative and/or deeper habitats may have provided shelter and food for fishes maintaining taxonomic composition within sites. This study shows that bleaching disturbance circumvents localized protection, but impacts are variable even at small (≤ 3km) spatial scales. Community composition pre-bleaching and alternative habitats seem to buffer against the consequences of bleaching disturbance.
Bioinformatic Identification of GPN1 as a Novel Prognostic and Immunological Biomarker for LUAD and other tumors
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Jiang Cen , Lin Ruirong 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The effect of GPN1 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and pan-cancer remains uncertain. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterise the oncological and immunological roles of GPN1 in LUAD by performing a multifaceted analysis based on the TCGA database (including gene expression analysis, survival analysis, tumour–immune interactions, and functional clustering analysis). In addition, a comprehensive biological landscape of GPN1 was depicted by performing a pan-cancer analysis. Our results demonstrated that the expression levels of GPN1 in LUAD tissues were significantly higher than in nontumourous tissue. High expression of GPN1 predicted poor prognosis in LUAD patients, evidenced by unfavourable OS, DSS and PFI. Overexpression of GPN1 was also significantly associated with advanced N stage, advanced AJCC pathologic stage and a large number of pack-years smoked. Moreover, a multivariate analysis identified GPN1 expression as an independent prognostic risk factor for LUAD. Furthermore, high expression of GPN1 showed a strongly negative correlation with immunoscores but a positive correlation with an abundance of several immunosuppressive cells, indicating that GPN1 was highly likely to play an important role in modulating the tumour microenvironment (TME) and modifying an immunosuppressive microenvironment in LUAD. Finally, a systematic pan-cancer analysis identified GPN1 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker for multiple other cancer types. In summary, our research demonstrated that GPN1 can function as a prognostic and immunological marker in LUAD and multiple other tumours.
Environmental factors affecting akinete germination and resting cell awakening of two cyanobacteria
Authors: Kwon Daeryul , Park Chaehong , Kim Keonhee , Jo Hyunjin , Lee Sang Deuk , Yun Suk Min 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Globally, cyanobacteria frequently cause blooms that outcompete other species in the waterbody, affecting the diversity, decreasing water exchange rates, and promoting eutrophication that leads to excessive algal growth. Here,Dolichospermum circinalis(akinetes) andMicrocystic aeruginosa(resting cells), were isolated from the sediment in the Uiam Dam in the North Han River and near Ugok Bridge in the Nakdong River, respectively. The morphology, germination process and rates, and growth was evaluated in different environmental conditions.D. cercinalisgermination began on day two of culturing, with maximum cell growth observed on day ten. In contrast,M. aeruginosaexhibited daily increase in cell density and colony size, with notable density increase on day six. Next, different environmental conditions were assessed. Akinetes exhibited high germination rates at low light intensity (5—30 µmol/m2/s), whereas resting cells exhibited high growth rates at high light intensity (50—100 µmol/m2/s). Furthermore, both cell types exhibited optimum germination and growth in media containing N and P at 20—30° at a pH of 7—9. Our study reveals the optimum conditions for the germination and growth of cyanobacterial akinetes and resting cells isolated from river sediment, respectively, and will assist in predicting cyanobacterial blooms for appropriate management.
Comparison of short-term surgical outcome and long-term survival between emergency and elective surgery for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Jin Yongyan , Wang Jun , Chen Guofeng , Chen Jian , Yu Shaojun 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to summarize data from previous relevant reports and perform a meta-analysis to compare short-term surgical outcomes and long-term oncological outcomes between emergency resection and elective resection for colorectal cancer(CRC).
Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed and Embase databases and relevant data were extracted. Postoperative morbidity and mortality within 30 days, postoperative recovery, overall survival(OS) and relapse-free survival(RFS) of the two surgical nature were compared using a fixed or random-effect model.
Results: In total, we identified 28 relevant studies involving 353,686 participants for this systematic review and meta-analysis, and 23.5%(83,054/353,686) of CRC patients underwent emergency surgery. Based on the included reports, the incidence of emergency presentations in CRC patients ranged from 2.7% to 38.8%. Lymph node yield of emergency surgery was comparable to that of elective surgery(WMD:0.70, 95%CI:-0.74,2.14, P=0.340; I2=80.6%). Emergency surgery had a higher risk of postoperative complications(OR:1.83, 95%CI:1.62-2.07, P<0.001; I2=10.6%) and mortality within 30 days(OR:4.62, 95%CI:4.18-5.10, P<0.001; I2=42.9%) than elective surgery for CRC. In terms of long-term oncological outcomes, emergency surgery significantly associated with recurrence(HR for RFS: 1.51, 95%CI:1.24-1.83, P<0.001; I2=58.9%) and poorer OS(HR:1.60, 95%CI: 1.47-1.73, P<0.001; I2=63.4%) in CRC patients. Subgroup analysis for colon cancer patients revealed a pooled HR of 1.73 for OS(95% CI:1.52-1.96, P<0.001), without evidence of significant heterogeneity(I2=21.2%).
Conclusion: Emergency resection for CRC had an adverse impact on short-term surgical outcomes and long-term survival. A focus on early screening programs and health education were warranted to reduce emergency presentations of CRC patients.
Prospective Newborn Screening for SCID in Germany: A first analysis by the Pediatric Immunology Working Group (API)
Authors: Speckmann Carsten , Nennstiel Uta , Hönig Manfred , Albert Michael H. , Ghosh Sujal , Schütz Catharina , Brockow Inken , Hörster Friederike , Niehues Tim , Ehl Stephan , Wahn Volker , Borte Stephan , Lehmberg Kai , Baumann Ulrich , Beier Rita , Krüger Renate , Kuehl Joern-Sven , Klemann Christian , Kontny Udo , Holzer Ursula , Meinhardt Andrea , Morbach Henner , Naumann Nora , Rothoeft Tobias , Kreins Alexandra Y , Davies Edward G , Schneider Dominik , von Bernuth Horst , Klingebiel Thomas , Hoffmann Georg , Schulz Ansgar , Hauck Fabian H 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background
T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC)-based newborn screening (NBS) for severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCID) was introduced in Germany in August 2019.
Methods
Children with abnormal TREC-NBS were referred to a newly established network of Combined Immunodeficiency (CID) Clinics and Centers. The Working Group for Pediatric Immunology (API) and German Society for Newborn Screening (DGNS) performed 6-monthly surveys to assess the TREC-NBS process after 2.5 years.
Results
Among 1.9 million screened newborns, 88 patients with congenital T-cell lymphocytopenia were identified (25 SCID, 17 leaky SCID/Omenn Syndrome (OS)/idiopathic T-cell lymphocytopenia and 46 syndromic disorders). A genetic diagnosis was established in 88%. Twenty-six patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 23/26 within 4 months of life. Of these, 25/26 (96%) were alive at last follow-up. Two patients presented with in-utero onset OS and died shortly after birth. Five patients with syndromic disorders underwent thymus transplantation. Eight syndromic patients deceased, all from non-immunological complications. TREC-NBS missed one patient, who later presented clinically, and one tracking failure occurred after an inconclusive screening result.
Conclusion
TREC-NBS was successfully incorporated into German NBS and represents the largest prospective European TREC-NBS cohort at this point. The incidence of SCID/leaky SCID/OS in Germany is approximately 1:54.000. The overall incidence of severe congenital T-cell lymphocytopenia is 1:21.000. The newly founded API-CID network facilitates tracking and treatment of identified patients. Short-term HSCT outcome was excellent, but NBS and transplant registries will remain essential to evaluate the long-term outcome and to compare results across the rising numbers of TREC-NBS programs across Europe.
Assessing the implementation of physical activity-promoting public policies in Ireland: A Study using the Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI)
Authors: Volf Kevin , Kelly Liam , Hoye Aurelie Van , Bengoechea Enrique García , MacPhail Ann , Woods Catherine B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background: Government policy can promote physical activity (PA) as part of a multilevel systems-based approach. The Physical Activity Environment Policy Index (PA-EPI) is a tool which assesses the implementation of government policy on PA by drawing on the experience of national stakeholders. This study is the first to assess the extent of policy implementation using the PA-EPI tool and provides information on how PA policy implementation can be improved thereby maximising policy impact.
Methods: This study was undertaken in 8 steps. The first steps involved collecting information about the implementation of PA policy in Ireland. and validating this information with government officials. A panel of 32 independent PA stakeholders were consulted and asked to rate the extent of implementation of all indicators of the PA-EPI. Finally, based on this information recommendations for implementation actions were generated, identified and disseminated.
Results: Of the 45 indicators of the PA-EPI, one indicator received a rating of “None / Very Little”, 25 received a rating of “Low” and 19 received a “Medium” implementation Rating. No indicator was rated as fully implemented but the best implemented indicators related to sustained mass media campaigns promoting PA and the PA monitoring. We generated a shortlist of 10 priority recommendations for implementation.
Conclusions: In Ireland, over half of the indicators received a low score for implementation. Our study reveals substantial implementation gaps and provides a pathway for addressing these gaps. In time, studies utilising the PA-EPI will enable cross country comparison and benchmarking of PA policy implementation.
Pyrazole-sulfonamide scaffold featuring dual-tail strategy as apoptosis inducers in colon cancer. Design, synthesis, biological, and docking studies
Authors: Zaher Nashwa H. , El-Hazek Reham M. M. , Emam Hagar E. S. , El-Gazzar Marwa G. , Khalil Amira 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Dual-tail strategy has been successfully utilized in the development of novel carbonic anhydrase IX inhibitors. Herein we adopted this approach in the design and synthesis of a series of novel pyridine sulfonamide-pyrazole hybrid scaffold mimicking dual-tail inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase IX. A library of 15 compounds was synthesized and assessed for their potential cytotoxic effects against colorectal cancer cells. Compounds 3, and 11 induced potential cytotoxic effects against the three cancer cell lines (HCT-116, HT-29, and SW-620) with IC50s’ of 45.88, 28.27, and 16.57 uM, 25.01, 8.997, and 3.275 uM respectively on the three used cell lines. Both compounds induced cellular apoptosis on HCT-116 and SW-620 cells, while compound 3 induced necrosis as well. In addition, both compounds induced cell cycle arrest on G0/G1, and S phases. Also, compound 11 showed potential autophagy induction on both colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116, and HT-29), and a little bit on metastatic type. The migration rates of HCT-116 and the metastatic one SW-620 were reduced by both compounds. Finally, Compounds 3 and 11 were docked into the active site of CA IX and the obtained results were confirmed by evaluating the in vitro inhibitory activity for both compounds.