bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution ultrasonography of thyroid nodules: can ultrasonographic assessment obviate the need for invasive aspiration cytology in ultrasonographically benign lesions?
Authors: Maqsood Shadab , Wani Inzimam , Shah Omair , Gojwari Tariq , Rasool Zubaida , Laway Bashir , Farooq Shujaut 
Published: May 2023

The use of high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) thyroid imaging has resulted in a significant revolution in the treatment of thyroid nodules. The enigma of thyroid nodules has been a blind spot for radiologists for a long period. Reporting a thyroid nodule as benign or malignant is quite difficult and many times not accurate. The American Collage of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) 2017 classification has solved this problem to a large extent. However, the classification needed pathological confirmation for it to be highly accurate. We compared our HRUS-based TIRADS labeling of thyroid nodules with thyroid cytopathology using revised Bethesda classification system. Patients detected with thyroid nodules by HRUS were categorized using ACR-TIRADS and further were taken for fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in our department. The pathological results were compared with the initial TIRADS category of the nodule and the effectiveness of the TIRADS classification in categorizing nodules into benign and malignant was assessed using various statistical variables. The initial USG and the FNAC were performed by a single radiologist with over 10 years of experience. A total of 201 patients underwent HRUS followed by FNAC after obtaining written consent in our department. The thyroid nodules labeled as true benign on ACR-TIRADS (TIRADS 2) were all true benign on Bethesda cytopathology (less than Bethesda III), confirming the high accuracy of HRUS. The diagnostic accuracy of HRUS in cases of ACR-TIRADS 3 nodules was approximately 90.6% with an error rate of 9.4%. Nodules labeled as ACR-TIRADS 4 and 5 had error rates of 47% and 10% in labeling nodules as malignant. The ultrasound-based ACR-TIRADS system can accurately predict the likelihood of specific nodules being benign. There is a strong concordance between Bethesda cytology and ACR-TIRADS classification, particularly for benign nodules. In resource-constrained system like ours, patients with TIRADS 2 and 3 nodules can be safely followed obviating the need for an invasive procedure like FNAC.
Conservative Management with Functional Brace Versus Various Surgical Fixation Techniques for Humeral Shaft Fractures
Authors: Zavras Athan G. , Monahan Kevin T. , Winek Nathan C. , Pan Tommy , Altman Gregory T. , Altman Daniel T. , Westrick Edward R. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Historically, humeral shaft fractures have been successfully treated with nonoperative management and functional bracing; however, various surgical options are also available. In the present study, we compared the outcomes of nonoperative versus operative interventions for the treatment of extra-articular humeral shaft fractures.

Methods:
This study was a network meta-analysis of prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which functional bracing was compared with surgical techniques (including open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF], minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis [MIPO], and intramedullary nailing in both antegrade [aIMN] and retrograde [rIMN] directions) for the treatment of humeral shaft fractures. The outcomes that were assessed included time to union and the rates of nonunion, malunion, delayed union, secondary surgical intervention, iatrogenic radial nerve palsy, and infection. Mean differences and log odds ratios (ORs) were used to analyze continuous and categorical data, respectively.

Results:
Twenty-one RCTs evaluating the outcomes for 1,203 patients who had been treated with functional bracing (n = 190), ORIF (n = 479), MIPO (n = 177), aIMN (n = 312), or rIMN (n = 45) were included. Functional bracing yielded significantly higher odds of nonunion and significantly longer time to union than ORIF, MIPO, and aIMN (p < 0.05). Comparison of surgical fixation techniques demonstrated significantly faster time to union with MIPO than with ORIF (p = 0.043). Significantly higher odds of malunion were observed with functional bracing than with ORIF (p = 0.047). Significantly higher odds of delayed union were observed with aIMN than with ORIF (p = 0.036). Significantly higher odds of secondary surgical intervention were observed with functional bracing than with ORIF (p = 0.001), MIPO (p = 0.007), and aIMN (p = 0.004). However, ORIF was associated with significantly higher odds of iatrogenic radial nerve injury and superficial infection than both functional bracing and MIPO (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Compared with functional bracing, most operative interventions demonstrated lower rates of reoperation. MIPO demonstrated significantly faster time to union while limiting periosteal stripping, whereas ORIF was associated with significantly higher rates of radial nerve palsy. Nonoperative management with functional bracing demonstrated higher nonunion rates than most surgical techniques, often requiring conversion to surgical fixation.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Real-Time Solution for Down Hole Torque Estimation and Drilling Optimization in High Deviated Wells Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Elzenary Mahmoud Nader 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This project provides a new realistic solution for the accuracy of down hole torque measurements using the integration of the Artificial intelligence (AI) technology with the downhole challenges being faced while drilling deep and high deviated wells. The new estimates are based on surface measurements which have the major influence on the bit torque (downhole torque) values while drilling. Artificial intelligence technology and its related applications such as; artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM) and adaptive neuro fuzzy interference system (ANFIS) will be utilized to predict and estimate accurate wellbore torque which will be applied effectively to prevent real time stuck pipe situation through a friendly user software which will maintain the downhole torque within the SAFE zone by controlling the unified surface drilling variables such as; weight on bit (WOB), Rate of Penetration (ROP) and Flow Rate.
This downhole torque model will be validated and verified through a real drilling scenario from a field in north of Africa. The field data includes weight on bit, surface torque, stand-pipe pressure, and rate of penetration were collected from the mentioned well which had experienced a costly stuck pipe situation. However, with the provided model the same encountered scenario will be avoided, due to the optimization of the real time drilling variables and hence, saving the well and evade a costly non-productive time.
Nanoparticles Stabilized Oil Water Emulsion Flow
Authors: Raikulov S. , Mohan R. S. , Shoham O. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) stabilized oil-water emulsion flow is studied experimentally and theoretically for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic NP, under Water Sweep (WS) and Oil Sweep (OS) conditions. Novel and highly accurate experimental data are collected for different NP concentrations and different pump speeds. The Legacy-Texaco skid flow loop is modified to enable data acquisition, and the microscopic camera is modified with Vector Control Module (VCM), as well. The phase inversion is measured utilizing a Circular Differential Dielectric Sensor (C-DDS), a Rectangular DDS (R-DDS), pressure transducer and mass flow meter. Droplet size distribution data are acquired with a microscopic camera for dilute dispersed-phase volume fractions. Data are acquired from all 5 instruments simultaneously.
Hydrophilic NP, even at low concentrations, consistently delay the occurrence of phase inversion as dispersed phase fraction is increased. Concentration of 1 wt% hydrophilic NP delays the phase inversion up to 93% of organic volume fractions for o/w dispersions. The transient phase inversion period is shorter (1.5 to 2 min.) for hydrophilic NP emulsions; longer phase inversion durations (greater than 2 min) occur for the hydrophobic NP emulsions.
With increase of hydrophobic NP concentration, the viscosity of mineral oil increases significantly. Hydrophobic NP stabilized emulsions (in higher concentrations) exhibit shear thinning behavior indicating that yield stress must be applied in order to initiate flow. Concentrations of 0.05 and 0.11 wt % of Hydrophobic NP cause early phase inversion at all 3 pump RPMs. However, at concentration of 0.5, 0.8 and 1 wt % lead to delay in phase inversion.
Extension of Pereyra (2011) correlation for dMAX is carried out for NP stabilized emulsion flow. Log Normal distribution and modified Rosin Rammler distribution are recommended for prediction of the cumulative droplet size distributions of NP stabilized emulsions for OS flow. Optimized parameter sets are generated from experimental data for in both these distributions. Comparison between the acquired data and both log normal distribution and Rosin Rammler distribution predictions show Normalized Root-Mean-Square Deviation (NRMSD) discrepancy values less than 13%.
Producing Shale Oil Through Rod Free Artificial Lift, A Case Study
Authors: Chen Qiang , Hao Zhongxian , Huang Shouzhi , Gao Yang , Wei Songbo 
Published: May 2023

Shale oil had attracted worldwide attention due to its vast volume, according to statistics, technical recovery of shale oil worldwide exceeded 250billion ton, mostly located in America, Africa and north Asia. However shale oil was characterized by its high viscosity, deep reservoir location, posing threats to the operator, traditional rod-pump artificial lift was not a good choice due to the friction issue, How to walk out of those challenges were worth thinking, while rod free artificial lift methods had been field proven in the oilfield, its progress would give us some inspirations[1].
In this paper, rod free artificial lift methods including downhole motivated reciprocating pump, centrifugal pump and progressing cavity pump were discussed, some technological highlights such as pulling and running electric cables, host SCADA system and production control algorism had been introduced in detail. Finally the efficacy of rodless artificial lift was analyzed from the perspective of investment
A Step Change in Engineering and Deployment of Smart Completion: The Longest Open Hole Mono-Bore Smart Completion Technology with Multiple Inflow Control Valves, Swell Packers and Permanent Downhole Gauges in ADNOC Group Fields, Enabling Selective Optimization of Oil Production Across Different Reservoirs. A Case Study
Authors: Samir N. , Raju P. Sumish , Abrejo M. , Shbair A. , Fahd O. , Al Jabery R. , Al Reyami M. , Sarhan M. M. , Bin Shamlan A. Mubarak , Alhammadi M. , Al Shehhi S. , Khaled M. , Soufi A. , Alsaadi S. A. , Bethancourt R. , Jalbout M. , Ahmed I. 
Published: May 2023

Objective
To obtain the major benefits of having a long open hole completion with maximum multiple reservoirs contact, full control and optimization over the flow without coil tubing intervention have become a challenge for the operators. This paper presents a step change in the engineering for optimizing oil production across multiple reservoirs by deploying the first mono-bore smart completion technology with four inflow control valves, swell packers and permanent downhole gauges across an open hole horizontal reservoir drain of 4,600 feet in ADNOC Group Fields.
scCUTseq is a versatile framework for spatially resolved single-cell genomic analyses of intratumor heterogeneity
Authors: Zhang Ning , Simonetti Michele , Harbers Luuk , Helleday Thomas , Roukos Vassilis , Marchio Caterina , Bienko Magda , Crosetto Nicola 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Chromosomal instability and copy number alterations (CNAs) are pervasive in human cancers. However, the exact timing and mechanism of CNA formation during carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we describe scCUTseq, an agile and robust workflow for spatially resolved single-cell CNA profiling which could be applied to characterize the CNA landscape in tumor samples. Importantly, scCUTseq could clearly resolve the copy number profiles of different cell lines and was free of cross-contamination, highlighting its specificity. Secondly, we assessed the sensitivity of scCUTseq by determining its ability to detect a 7Mb deletion induced by CRISPR-Cas9 in a small percentage (~3%) of cells transfected with two small guide RNAs (sgRNA) targeting the KMT2A and HYLS1 locus on chr11. In 3.3% of the cells transfected with both sgRNAs, scCUTseq detected a single copy of the exact 7 Mb deletion, in line with the quantification by FISH, highlighting the sensitivity of our method. Lastly, to rule out the artifacts introduced by the MALBAC step, we compared scCUTseq with Acoustic Cell Tagmentation (ACT), another single-cell SCNA profiling method that is based on DNA tagmentation and does not involve a whole genome amplification (WGA) step. Both visual and quantitative comparisons revealed that the genome-wide copy number profiles obtained by either method were highly similar, indicating that the WGA step in scCUTseq does not result in obvious artifact CNA calls. scCUTseq is a versatile and scalable method, which can greatly facilitate the depiction of the single-cell CNA profile in cancers.
Measuring unmet healthcare needs - findings from a tribal district in the Chhattisgarh State of India
Authors: Ranjan Alok , Thiagarajan Sundararaman , Garg Samir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
There are many indicators and methods in use for measuring access to healthcare, much of which relate to physical access or utilization of services. This study measures unmet healthcare needs in a district with relatively good physical access and insurance coverage and discusses the relevance of our findings for the design and monitoring of progress towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC).
Methods
A multi-stage sampling survey identified and interviewed a sample of 3153 individuals from 598 households drawn from 13 villages and seven urban wards. In-depth qualitative interviews of five purposively chosen individuals from each village and urban ward, was also undertaken. The study examined access in terms of perceived healthcare needs and unperceived or latent healthcare needs and the proportion of such needs that utilized effective health care and the proportion that did not. Estimation of unperceived healthcare needs was limited to five tracer conditions- hypertension, diabetes, depression, rheumatic conditions and dependence in activities of daily living in the elderly. Bivariate, multivariate (logistic regression), and thematic analyses were used for this study.
Results
Out of the total population, 10.47% reported perceived healthcare needs for acute ailments in the last 15 days, and 10.62% of the population self-reported suffering from chronic conditions. 12.75% of those with acute ailment and 18.40% of those with chronic ailment received no treatment, while 27.83% and 9.07% respectively took care from informal care provider. Unperceived healthcare needs were high in all five-tracer conditions studied. Incomplete treatment was another form of unmet need. Inappropriate care conceals unmet healthcare needs. Unperceived healthcare needs were significantly higher for poor and marginalized population subgroup, whereas perceived healthcare needs were higher among upper socioeconomic and less marginalized population.
Conclusion
The measurement of unmet healthcare needs should include both perceived and latent needs, as well as incomplete care and care from informal providers. Further, inappropriate care conceals a lot of unmet healthcare needs, and its measurement is not easy. In a context of information asymmetry and prevailing health markets, the measurement of unmet healthcare needs in all its complexity, becomes essential for measuring progress towards UHC.
Trial registration: Not Applicable
Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validation of the international physical activity questionnaire short form in languages in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Ewah Patrick Ayi , Womboh Idoo , Awhen Peter Agba , Dan Felicia Agbor-Obun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The African population is made of a diverse group of cultures and languages whose first language is not English. Therefore, to address the challenges of using the English version of the IPAQ-SF, encourage PA participation, advance research in PA, and curb NCDs in developing countries in Africa, there is a need for cultural adaptation of the questionnaire. The purpose of this study is to carry out a SR on cultural adaptation, reliability and validation of the IPAQ-SF into African languages and to proffer probable reasons for differences between the various versions.
Main body of the abstract
We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and AJO from inception to August 14, 2022. Studies were recruited if they conducted a cultural adaptation, validation and reliability of IPAQ-SF into the African language. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Student’s t test using SPSS version 23, and a p<0.05 was used as the level of significance. A total of 453 healthy adult subjects (Hausa, n = 102 & Yoruba, n = 351) who met the inclusion criteria were documented. The mean age and BMI were 29.3±6.255 years and 24.1±4.335 (kg/m2), respectively. There were more male (n = 293) subjects who were mostly single (n = 375) than married (n = 74) than female (n = 160). The reliability and concurrent validity of the Yoruba and Hausa IPAQ were acceptable. The total scores obtained from the concurrent validity in the males in the Hausa (r = 0.844) IPAQ-SF were significant (p = 0.022) and more than that of the Yoruba (r = 0.640) version. Similarly, the ICC total and female were significantly higher in the Hausa than the Yoruba IPAQ-SF.
Conclusions
Overall, we found a few studies that have successfully validated and adapted the English version of IPAQ-SF into the languages in African. Additionally, the results showed that both the Hausa and Yoruba IPAQ-SF have acceptable concurrent validity and test-retest reliability for assessing PA. We also found out that the total score for the concurrent validity male, ICC total, and female were significantly higher in the Hausa IPAQ than in the Yoruba version. We recommend that the IPAQ-SF be culturally adapted to the following languages in Africa; Igbo, pidgin, Swahili, Ajagam, Boki, and Effik.
Resilience of South Asian mangroves to weather extremes and anthropogenic water pollution
Authors: Chauhan Tejasvi , Bhadury Punyasloke , Rodda Suraj , Thumaty Kiran , Jha C , Ghosh Subimal 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSundarbans in the coastal South Asia, the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world, faces an intensifying compound stress of climate extremes and anthropogenically influenced water pollution. However, our knowledge about the responses of mangroves to these stressors with the recovery mechanism is largely limited. We address this research gap by delineating causal networks betweenin-situobservations of soil-water chemistry, carbon fluxes, and hydro-meteorological variables from Sundarbans mangroves. Our results show that mangroves recover from physiological stresses caused by weather extremes quickly, within one to two weeks and maintain stable productivity despite steeply declining nutrient composition due to human-induced water pollution. We demonstrate that mangroves maintain this stable productivity during the stress period by increasing link strength and memory with the hydro-meteorological variables of the region. Our findings highlight the resilience of South Asian mangroves to natural and anthropogenic stressors and the importance of estimating thresholds of their critical transitions.
Look ahead before you leap: SDN switch migration scheduling for load balancing
Authors: Kumari Abha , Sairam Ashok Singh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Although software-defined networking (SDN) promotes a centralized control plane for better resource management, it suffers from reliability and scalability issues. Consequently, the distributed software-defined networking (SDN) architecture proposes logically centralized but physically distributed SDN controllers. However, in the distributed architecture, the load among the controllers may not be balanced, which makes the system less scalable. In this paper, our goal is to balance the load of the controllers. We perform a detailed analysis to establish the ideal load of a controller. Our aim is to minimize the difference between a controller's ideal and instantaneous load. We use short-term traffic forecasts to predict the load of a controller in the next epoch. Thereupon the load balance is affected by migrating the switches. The prediction-based load balancing approach not only balances the load but also minimizes the switch reassignment by preventing switch oscillations. Extensive experiments and comparative performance analyses are performed to validate the framework.
Study on the migration patterns of antibiotics in charcoal application soils under different temperatures
Authors: Chen Liang , Xing Yusheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Prediction and management of soil antibiotic contamination issues have gained popularity in recent years. In order to understand the effect of activated carbon on the migration of antibiotics in soil at different temperatures, the vertical migration mechanism of oxytetracycline hydrochloride in charcoal soil was studied. Based on soil column test and numerical simulation, the results indicated that adding low content of activated carbon into soil can obviously enhance the adsorption of antibiotics in soil and inhibit the migration of antibiotics in soil. Hydrus-1D software was used to run numerical simulations, with the adsorption partition coefficient having the most impact on the outcomes. The adsorption distribution coefficient is corrected by theoretical value and inversion value, the value of \({\phi }\) is 0.88.
Chemical composition of the essential oil of Myrcia loranthifolia (Myrtaceae) leaves grown in Atlantic Forest and Dry Forest of Brazil
Authors: Santos Rayza Helen Graciano dos , Silva Maíra Honorato Moura , de Aguiar Júlio César Ribeiro de Oliveira Farias , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz , de Oliveira Antonio Fernando Morais , Correia Maria Tereza dos Santos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The present study evaluated the chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Myrcia loranthifolia from Atlantic Forest and Dry Forest of Brazil. The oil showed a mean yield of 0.23–0.33%. From 26 to 32 compounds were identified by GC–MS depending on the geographical origin of the plant. (E)–Caryophyllene (47.80%) and germacrene D (10.07%) predominated in the oil of samples from the Atlantic Forest. In Dry Forest, the main constituent identified in the oil was also (E)–caryophyllene, but it was detected in a lower concentration (15.59%). Cis–calamenene (11.40%), the second major constituent found in the oil of plants from Dry Forest, was not identified in samples from the Atlantic Forest. The qualitative and quantitative differences found may be due to local abiotic factors or inherent to genetic characteristics of the plants. The essential oil of M. loranthifolia constitutes one of the largest sources of (E)–caryophyllene yet unexplored.