bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The slippery slope of dust attenuation curves
Authors: Hamed M. , Małek K. , Buat V. , Junais  , Ciesla L. , Donevski D. , Riccio G. , Figueira M. 
Published: April 2023

Aims.We investigate the dust attenuation of 122 heavily dust-obscured galaxies detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) andHerschelin the COSMOS field. We search for correlations between dust attenuation recipes and the variation of physical parameters, namely, the effective radii of galaxies, their star formation rates, and stellar masses. We aim to understand which of the commonly used laws best describes dust attenuation in dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at high redshift.Methods.We made use of the extensive photometric coverage of the COSMOS data combined with highly resolved dust continuum maps from ALMA. We usedCIGALEto estimate various physical properties of these dusty objects, namely: their star formation rates (SFR), their stellar masses, and their attenuation at short wavelengths. We inferred the effective radii (Re) of galaxies using GALFIT in theYband of HSC and ALMA continuum maps. We used these radii to investigate the relative compactness of the dust continuum and the extension of the rest-frame UV/optical Re(y)/Re(ALMA).Results.We find that the physical parameters calculated from our models strongly depend on the assumption of the dust attenuation curve. As expected, the most impacted parameter is the stellar mass, which leads to a change in the “starburstiness” of the objects. We find that taking into account the relative compactness of star-to-dust emission prior to SED fitting is crucial, especially when studying dust attenuation of dusty star-forming galaxies. Shallower attenuation curves do not show a clear preference of compactness with attenuation, while the Calzetti attenuation curve is shown to prefer a comparable spatial extent of unattenuated stellar light and dust emission. The evolution of theRe(UV)/Re(ALMA) ratio with redshift peaks around the cosmic noon in our sample of DSFGs, showing that this compactness is correlated with the cosmic SFR density of these dusty sources.
A homogeneous atmospheric pressure air plasma in a 10 mm gap based on a three-electrode configuration
Authors: LI Zhiyu , LIU Dawei , LU Xinpei , NIE Lanlan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Generation of atmospheric pressure homogeneous air plasma in a large gap (> 4 mm) is a challenge. In this study, an atmospheric pressure homogeneous air plasma generated in a gap up to 10 mm is reported, which is based on a three-electrode configuration, where a high-voltage (HV) electrode and a middle electrode form a surface dielectric barrier discharge (S-DBD), and together with the ground electrode form the main volume discharge. High-speed photographs confirm that the discharge in the main gap is homogeneous. The gas temperature of the plasma estimated from the N2(C3∏u-B3∏g) (Δv = −2) emission is about 320 K, which is close to room temperature. A detailed analysis shows that the discharge ignited between the HV electrode and the middle electrode is serving as an electron source, and the electrons deposited on the dielectric plate are due to the S-DBD along with the applied voltage generating a driving force, which results in a high concentration of seed electrons in the main gap and induces the homogeneous plasma. Further analysis shows that the electric field in the main gap is only about 18.45 kV·cm−1, which is much lower than the typical breakdown electric field of 30 kV·cm−1 for atmospheric pressure air discharge.
Epidemiology, real-world treatment and mortality of patients with status epilepticus in Germany: insights from a large healthcare database
Authors: Mevius Antje , Joeres Lars , Gille Patrick , Molzan Manuela , Foskett Nadia , Wilke Thomas , Maywald Ulf , Rosenow Felix , Strzelczyk Adam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractStatus epilepticus is a life-threatening emergency, and to date, few studies have reported on its long-term treatment and outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the incidence, the treatment and outcomes, the healthcare resource utilization and the costs of status epilepticus in Germany. Data from 2015 to 2019 were obtained from German claims (AOK PLUS). Patients with ≥1 status epilepticus event and no event in the preceding 12 months (baseline) were included. A subgroup of patients with an epilepsy diagnosis during baseline was also analysed. Of the 2782 status epilepticus patients (mean age = 64.3 years; 52.3% female), 1585 (57.0%) were previously diagnosed with epilepsy. The age- and sex-standardized incidence was 25.5 cases/100 000 persons in 2019. The mortality rate after 12 months was 39.8% overall (19.4% and 28.2% after 30 and 90 days, respectively) and 30.4% in the epilepsy patient subgroup. Factors associated with higher mortality were age, comorbidity status, presence of brain tumours and an acute stroke. An epilepsy-related hospitalization at onset of or 7 days prior to the status epilepticus event as well as prescription of antiseizure medication during baseline was associated with a better survival rate. Overall, 71.6% of patients (85.6% in the epilepsy subgroup) were prescribed with out-patient antiseizure medication and/or rescue medication within 12 months. All patients sustained on average 1.3 status epilepticus–related hospitalizations (20.5% had more than one) during a mean follow-up period of 545.2 days (median 514 days); total direct costs including in-patient and out-patient status epilepticus treatments were 10 826€ and 7701€ per patient-year overall and for the epilepsy patient subgroup, respectively. The majority of status epilepticus patients received an out-patient treatment in line with epilepsy guidelines, and patients previously diagnosed with epilepsy have a higher likelihood to receive it. The mortality in the affected patient population is high; risk factors were older age, higher comorbidity burden, the presence of brain tumours or an acute stroke.
Protective and pathogenic functions of innate lymphoid cells in transplantation
Authors: Mak Martin L , Reid Kyle T , Crome Sarah Q 
Published: April 2023

Summary
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of lymphocytes with essential roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Along with other tissue-resident immune populations, distinct subsets of ILCs have important roles in either promoting or inhibiting immune tolerance in a variety of contexts, including cancer and autoimmunity. In solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, both donor and recipient-derived ILCs could contribute to immune tolerance or rejection, yet understanding of protective or pathogenic functions are only beginning to emerge. In addition to roles in directing or regulating immune responses, ILCs interface with parenchymal cells to support tissue homeostasis and even regeneration. Whether specific ILCs are tissue-protective or enhance ischemia reperfusion injury or fibrosis is of particular interest to the field of transplantation, beyond any roles in limiting or promoting allograft rejection or graft-versus host disease. Within this review, we discuss the current understanding of ILCs functions in promoting immune tolerance and tissue repair at homeostasis and in the context of transplantation and highlight where targeting or harnessing ILCs could have applications in novel transplant therapies.
Stability of maxillary anterior teeth during retention and 1 year after removal of retention—an RCT on adolescents retained with two different bonded retainers and a vacuum-formed retainer
Authors: Naraghi Sasan , Ganzer Niels , Bondemark Lars , Sonesson Mikael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Maxillary bonded and removable retainers maintain teeth in correct positions following orthodontic treatment. There is insufficient evidence regarding the capacity of the retention methods to stabilize the maxillary teeth both during and after retention.

Objective
To evaluate retention capacity and 1-year post-retention changes in the irregularity of maxillary anterior teeth and single anterior tooth contact point discrepancy (CPD) of two bonded and one removable retention method.

Trial design
Three-arm parallel group single-centre randomized controlled trial.

Methods
Ninety adolescent patients treated with fixed orthodontic appliances were enrolled. After gaining informed consent, the patients were randomized in blocks of 30 by an independent person into one of three groups: A) bonded retainer 13–23; B) bonded retainer 12–22; and C) removable vacuum-formed retainer. The primary outcomes were changes in Little’s irregularity index (LII) and single CPD measured on digitalized casts before retention (T1), after 2 years of retention (T2), and 1-year post-retention (T3).

Blinding
The digital casts were blinded for the outcome assessor.

Results
Data on all 90 patients were analysed according to intention-to-treat principles. Changes in LII during retention were 0.3 mm in group A, 0.6 mm in group B, and 1.0 mm in group C. No significant differences between the groups were seen (P &gt; 0.05). Changes during post-retention were 1.1 mm in group A, 0.5 mm in group B, and 0.4 mm in group C. Group A showed more significant changes than groups B and C (P = 0.003). During the whole post-treatment period, no significant differences were shown between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). CPD did not differ significantly between the groups at any point.

Harms
Three patients showed changes of LII over 3 mm or CPD over 2 mm during the post-retention period, and two accepted to be realigned.

Limitations
The trial was a single-centre study evaluating 1-year post-retention changes.

Conclusions
The changes were clinically insignificant during and after the retention period. Thus, all three methods showed equal retention capacity.

Trial registration
www.clinicaltrials.com (NCT04616755).
Dissociation Between Neuronal and Astrocytic Calcium Activity in Response to Locomotion in Mice
Authors: Fedotova Anna , Brazhe Alexey , Doronin Maxim , Toptunov Dmytro , Pryazhnikov Evgeny , Khiroug Leonard , Verkhratsky Alexei , Semyanov Alexey 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Locomotion triggers a coordinated response of both neurons and astrocytes in the brain. Here we performed calcium (Ca2+) imaging of these two cell types in the somatosensory cortex in head-fixed mice moving on the airlifted platform. Ca2+ activity in astrocytes significantly increased during locomotion from a low quiescence level. Ca2+ signals first appeared in the distal processes and then propagated to astrocytic somata, where it became significantly larger and exhibited oscillatory behaviour. Thus, astrocytic soma operates as both integrator and amplifier of Ca2+ signal. In neurons, Ca2+ activity was pronounced in quiescent periods and further increased during locomotion. Neuronal Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rose almost immediately following the onset of locomotion, whereas astrocytic Ca2+ signals lagged by several seconds. Such a long lag suggests that astrocytic [Ca2+]i elevations are unlikely to be triggered by the activity of synapses among local neurons. Ca2+ responses to pairs of consecutive episodes of locomotion did not significantly differ in neurons, while were significantly diminished in response to the second locomotion in astrocytes. Such astrocytic refractoriness may arise from distinct mechanisms underlying Ca2+ signal generation. In neurons, the bulk of Ca2+ enters through the Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane allowing for steady-level Ca2+ elevations in repetitive runs. Astrocytic Ca2+ responses originate from the intracellular stores, the depletion of which affects subsequent Ca2+ signals. Functionally, neuronal Ca2+ response reflects sensory input processed by neurons. Astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics is likely to provide metabolic and homeostatic support within the brain active milieu.
Skeletal Muscle Consequences of Phosphatidylethanolamine Synthesis Deficiency
Authors: Grapentine Sophie , Singh Rathnesh K , Bakovic Marica 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The maintenance of phospholipid homeostasis is increasingly being implicated in metabolic health. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the most abundant phospholipid on the inner leaflet of cellular membranes, and we have previously shown that mice with a heterozygous ablation of the PE synthesizing enzyme, Pcyt2 (Pcyt2+/−), develop obesity, insulin resistance, and NASH. Skeletal muscle is a major determinant of systemic energy metabolism, making it a key player in metabolic disease development. Both the total PE levels and the ratio of PE to other membrane lipids in skeletal muscle are implicated in insulin resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms and the role of Pcyt2 regulation in this association remain unclear. Here, we show how reduced phospholipid synthesis due to Pcyt2 deficiency causes Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities. Pcyt2+/- skeletal muscle exhibits damage and degeneration, with skeletal muscle cell vacuolization, disordered sarcomeres, mitochondria ultrastructure irregularities and paucity, inflammation, and fibrosis. There is intramuscular adipose tissue accumulation, and major disturbances in lipid metabolism with impaired FA mobilization and oxidation, elevated lipogenesis, and long-chain fatty acyl-CoA, diacylglycerol, and triacylglycerol accumulation. Pcyt2+/− skeletal muscle exhibits perturbed glucose metabolism with elevated glycogen content, impaired insulin signaling, and reduced glucose uptake. Together, this study lends insight into the critical role of PE homeostasis in skeletal muscle metabolism and health with broad implications on metabolic disease development.
Personalized embryo transfer reduces success rates because endometrial receptivity analysis fails to accurately identify the window of implantation
Authors: Richter Kevin S , Richter Martin L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
After more than a decade of increasingly widespread clinical use, personalized embryo transfer guided by endometrial receptivity analysis (ERA) remains controversial and unproven. One key element missing from the historical literature is the recognition that potential benefits from personalized embryo transfer are entirely dependent on the accuracy and predictive value of the ERA test. Results from the first comprehensive clinical trial, designed in a way that allowed independent evaluation of both potential benefits of personalized embryo transfer and the predictive value of the ERA test upon which it is based, were recently published. However, the authors failed to conduct an appropriate analysis or recognize the significance of their results. Here, we present a simple reanalysis of data from this otherwise excellent randomized controlled trial, demonstrating for the first time that the ERA was unable to identify the window of implantation as purported and that, as a result, personalized embryo transfer based on the ERA actually reduced rather than increased the birth rates. Based on these results and the lack of any contradictory evidence, it is our opinion that all clinical use of ERA-guided personalized embryo transfer should be discontinued immediately, outside of a controlled experimental setting with appropriate informed consent of all participating patients.
Identification of tipping years and shifts in mesozooplankton community structure using multivariate analyses: a long-term study in southern North Sea
Authors: Di Pane J , Boersma M , Marques R , Deschamps M , Ecker U , Meunier C L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Many previous studies on the changes in zooplankton communities considered only subsets of the total community. In this study, we investigated the temporal dynamics of the mesozooplankton community structure, considering all taxa (holo- and meroplankton) sampled over the last five decades at Helgoland Roads. We identified two tipping years. The first one occurred in 1983, which is consistent with previous studies conducted on copepods. The second shift, even more pronounced, took place in the mid-2000s. During the first shift, most taxa significantly increased in abundance and kept high densities until the end of the 1990s. Then, we observed in the mid-2000s a sharp decrease in community diversity and abundances of almost all taxa. One of the aims of the study was to test the robustness depending on the choice of taxa. To test this, we selected different subsets of the total zooplankton community, both randomly as well as based on functionality. We observed very similar trends over time for all groups, showing the complete community experienced the same changes. However, the timing of the tipping years depended on the organisms considered. These results highlight that the observed changes in the planktonic community are surprisingly robust and visible in most planktonic organisms.
Factors contributing to pharmacists leaving employment in general practice in Australia: an exploratory study
Authors: Deeks Louise S , Kosari Sam , Peterson Gregory M , Sudeshika Thilini , Naunton Mark 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective
To identify perceived factors contributing to pharmacists leaving employment in general practice.

Methods
Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with pharmacists who had left employment in general practice within 12 months of commencing (5 pharmacists out of 14 recruited into these roles) in Canberra, Australia. Thematic analysis was undertaken.

Key findings
The main specific reasons cited for leaving were lack of utilisation and part-time hours, while the over-arching themes identified were: challenges of the new role, poor role definition, professional relationships and job satisfaction.

Conclusions
In this cohort of newly appointed general practice pharmacists, employment turnover was relatively high. The interview findings indicated a need for strategies, including having clear role descriptions that are understood by all members of the practice team, so that pharmacists with appropriate skillsets can be supported and retained in the general practice setting.
Structural and Energetic Basis for Differential Binding of Ebola and Marburg Virus Glycoproteins to a Bat-Derived Niemann-Pick C1 Protein
Authors: Igarashi Manabu , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Takada Ayato 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Our previous study demonstrated that the fruit bat (Yaeyama flying fox)-derived cell line FBKT1 showed preferential susceptibility to Ebola virus (EBOV), whereas the human cell line HEK293T was similarly susceptible to EBOV and Marburg virus (MARV). This was due to 3 amino acid differences of the endosomal receptor Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) between FBKT1 and HEK293T (ie, TET and SGA, respectively, at positions 425–427), as well as 2 amino acid differences at positions 87 and 142 of the viral glycoprotein (GP) between EBOV and MARV.

Methods/Results
To understand the contribution of these amino acid differences to interactions between NPC1 and GP, we performed molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The average binding free energies of human NPC1 (hNPC1) and its mutant having TET at positions 425–427 (hNPC1/TET) were similar for the interaction with EBOV GP. In contrast, hNPC1/TET had a weaker interaction with MARV GP than wild-type hNPC1. As expected, substitutions of amino acid residues at 87 or 142 in EBOV and MARV GPs converted the binding affinity to hNPC1/TET.

Conclusions
Our data provide structural and energetic insights for understanding potential differences in the GP-NPC1 interaction, which could influence the host tropism of EBOV and MARV.
Amplicon Sequencing Reveals Complex Infection in Infants Congenitally Infected With Trypanosoma Cruzi and Informs the Dynamics of Parasite Transmission
Authors: Hakim Jill M C , Waltmann Andreea , Tinajeros Freddy , Kharabora Oksana , Machaca Edith Málaga , Calderon Maritza , del Carmen Menduiña María , Wang Jeremy , Rueda Daniel , Zimic Mirko , Verástegui Manuela , Juliano Jonathan J , Gilman Robert H , Mugnier Monica R , Bowman Natalie M ,   Chagas Working Group
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi is an important source of new Chagas infections worldwide. The mechanisms of congenital transmission remain poorly understood, but there is evidence that parasite factors are involved. Investigating changes in parasite strain diversity during transmission could provide insight into the parasite factors that influence the process. Here we use amplicon sequencing of a single copy T. cruzi gene to evaluate the diversity of infection in clinical samples from Chagas positive mothers and their infected infants. Several infants and mothers were infected with multiple parasite strains, mostly of the same TcV lineage, and parasite strain diversity was higher in infants than mothers. Two parasite haplotypes were detected exclusively in infant samples, while one haplotype was never found in infants. Together, these data suggest multiple parasites initiate a congenital infection and that parasite factors influence the probability of vertical transmission.
Transect-based trapping for area-wide delimitation of insects
Authors: Caton Barney P , Fang Hui , Pallipparambil Godshen R , Manoukis Nicholas C 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTypical delimitation trapping survey designs for area-wide (nonlocalized) insect populations are regularly spaced grids, and alternative shapes have not been evaluated. We hypothesized that transect-based designs could give similar detection rates with significantly shorter servicing distances. We used the TrapGrid model to investigate novel “trap-sect” designs incorporating crossed, spoked, and parallel lines of traps, comparing them to a regular grid, in single survey and multiple-site scenarios. We calculated minimum servicing distances and simulated mean probabilities of detecting a pest population, judging overall performance of trap network designs using both metrics. For single sites, trap-sect designs reduced service distances by 65–89%, and most had similar detection probabilities as the regular grid. Kernel-smoothed intensity plots indicated that the best performing trap-sect designs distributed traps more fully across the area. With multiple sites (3 side by side), results depended on insect dispersal ability. All designs performed similarly in terms of detection for highly mobile insects, suggesting that designs minimizing service distances would be best for such pests. For less mobile pests the best trap-sect designs had 4–6 parallel lines, or 8 spokes, which reduced servicing distances by 33–50%. Comparisons of hypothetical trap-sect arrays to real program trap locations for 2 pests demonstrated that the novel designs reduced both trap numbers and service distances, with little differences in mean nearest trap distance to random pest locations. Trap-sect designs in delimitation surveys could reduce costs and increase program flexibility without harming the ability to detect populations.