bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Well-Being and Resilience among Undergraduate Students at a Selected University
Authors: Vineesha Vineesha , Monteiro Renita Flavia , Prasad Viji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction Today's students of healthcare professional courses are the pillars of future healthcare delivery system. Research studies have found that they are affected with psychological disorders.
Objectives The objectives of the study were to assess the levels of well-being, resilience, and its relationship.
Materials and Methods A descriptive correlational research design was adopted to assess the well-being and resilience among undergraduate students. A total of 135 participants studying in all levels of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS), Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS), Bachelor of Physiotherapy (BPT), Bachelor of Science in Nursing (B.Sc Nursing), and Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) were selected by disproportionate stratified random sampling technique. The tools used for data collection were demographic Proforma, Connor Davidson Resilience Scale, and positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA) scale. The reliability of the tool was tested by using Cronbach's alpha formula that was found to have a score of 0.925 for Connor Davidson Resilience Scale and a score of 0.916 for PERMA Scale. Pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study.
Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 20.0.
Results The mean well-being and resilience of the study participants were 160.34 and 73.67, respectively. Majority (49.6%) had normal level of well-being and greater resilience (77%). The correlation was 0.237 and it was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
Conclusion There was an association between level of well-being and selected demographic variables such as age, education, level of study, religion, and residence, whereas level of resilience had significant association with education, religion, and socioeconomic status. Students' resilience can be promoted by implementing educational strategies and creating a supportive environment.
Effects of residual nonlinearities on the modulational instability of three-component Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Mohanraj P , Sivakumar R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the modulation instability in a three-component Bose–Einstein condensate and the impact of higher-order interactions brought on by shape-dependent confinement. Using the modified Gross–Pitaevskii equation that accounts for the higher-order residual nonlinearity and the linear stability method, we analyze the dispersion relations and the gain spectrum for instability. In particular, we investigate the role of higher-order interactions over the MI in miscible and immiscible condensates. The observed MI spectrum shows a new regime for soliton generation in a ternary mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates. Our results show that the residual nonlinearity can effectively control the MI gain profile in both miscible and immiscible condensates. This allows one manipulate the MI in a ternary mixture of Bose–Einstein condensates to control the dynamics.
Quantum phase fluctuation of pointer state in a post-selected measurement system
Authors: Bayen Dolan Krishna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Post-selected measurement is used as a fundamental axiom in quantum optics. Here, a standard model of post-selected measurement with the input coherent pointer state is considered and the influence of weak value parameters on the quantum phase distribution function is studied on the basis of some analytical calculations. On the other hand, the effects of post-selected measurement on quantum phase fluctuations of the input coherent pointer states have been investigated, where the Barnett-Pegg formalism for the measured phase operators is assumed. It has been observed that the quantum phase fluctuations depend on some parameters such as the coupling strength, average value of input photon number, phase angle of the input coherent pointer state and two fundamental parameters of the complex weak value. Lastly, the presence of nonclassical effect is also checked for different parameters of quantum phase fluctuations.
M3+/NaTiO3/PVA–chitosan nanocomposites (M = Ga, Ce, Nd or Er): novel solid polymer electrolytes for supercapacitors
Authors: Alanazi Tarek I , El Sayed Adel M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Designing flexible and thermally stable solid polymer-electrolyte (SPE) -based green materials for energy storage devices is an interesting approach from environmental and technological points of view. In this paper, NaTiO3 (ST) nanofibers of diameters in the range of 4.88–9.48 nm were hydrothermally prepared and loaded into the poly(vinyl alcohol)–chitosan (PVA–Ch) bio-blend via solution casting. Additionally, the obtained nanocomposite solution was mixed with Ga3+ and rare Earths (Ce3+, Nd3+, or Er3+) for preparing novel solid polymer electrolyte films. XRD results indicated the semicrystalline nature of all samples, and the degree of crystallinity decreased after loading these additives. FE-SEM and EDS were used to investigate the surface morphology, fracture cross-section and the elemental chemical composition. FTIR analysis confirmed the complexation and complete dissociation of the salts inside the blend. UV–vis spectroscopy showed that the optical band gap of the films was reduced from 4.4 eV to 3.5 eV, and the refractive index is in the range of 2.376–2.648. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the samples are thermally stable until 200 °C, and the maximum decomposition occurs in the temperature range 255–300 °C. In addition, four endothermic peaks were detected in the differential scanning calorimetry thermograms. Dielectric properties were measured in the fRequency range of 100 Hz–8.0 MHz and at temperatures in the range of 30–120 °C. The dielectric constant and ac conductivity were greatly improved due to doping with ST and mixing the salts. The small dielectric loss associated with the improvements in the dielectric constant and ac conductivity suggest the use of the ST/blend and salts/ST/blend films for energy storage devices and related applications.
symmetry restoration at high baryon density*
Authors: Li Jianing , Gui Jin , Zhuang Pengfei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the relation between chiral and

symmetries in the quark-meson model. Although quarks and mesons are described in mean field approximation, the topological susceptibility characterizing the

breaking comprises two components: one controlled by the condensate and the other by the meson fluctuation. The

restoration is governed by the competition of these components. In a hot medium, the condensates melt. However, the fluctuation is enhanced. Therefore, the

symmetry cannot be solely restored via the temperature effect. Nevertheless, the baryon density reduces the condensates and fluctuation, and thereby, the

symmetry can only be restored in a dense or dense and hot medium. The strange condensate plays a weak role in the susceptibility, and the chiral and

symmetry restorations occur almost at the same critical point.
Critical Ising system testing of high-quality random number generators
Authors: Zhu Dongjie , Lin Yun , Sun Guoya , Wang Fuming , Zhao Mingyang , Chen Yanwei , Duan Jizheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Specialized hardware implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA) is used to simulate critical 2D Ising lattices up to 40962. Four mainstream, high-quality pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) including Xorshift, Mersenne Twister, Xorwow, and ALFG are tested on this system, and three of them are found to misbehave with different degree of confidence levels. It is observed that PRNGs with quality issues tend to misbehave in critical Ising systems and the ones with bigger issues start to misbehave in smaller critical Ising systems and vice versa. The size at which a PRNG misbehaves is proposed as a measure of a PRNG’s quality.
Mapping of long stretches of highly conserved sequences in over 6 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes
Authors: Kumar Akhil , Kaushal Rishika , Sharma Himanshi , Sharma Khushboo , Menon Manoj B , P Vivekanandan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We identified 11 conserved stretches in over 6.3 million SARS-CoV-2 genomes including all the major variants of concerns. Each conserved stretch is ≥100 nucleotides in length with ≥99.9% conservation at each nucleotide position. Interestingly, six of the eight conserved stretches in ORF1ab overlapped significantly with well-folded experimentally verified RNA secondary structures. Furthermore, two of the conserved stretches were mapped to regions within the S2-subunit that undergo dynamic structural rearrangements during viral fusion. In addition, the conserved stretches were significantly depleted for zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) binding sites, which facilitated the recognition and degradation of viral RNA. These highly conserved stretches in the SARS-CoV-2 genome were poorly conserved at the nucleotide level among closely related β-coronaviruses, thus representing ideal targets for highly specific and discriminatory diagnostic assays. Our findings highlight the role of structural constraints at both RNA and protein levels that contribute to the sequence conservation of specific genomic regions in SARS-CoV-2.
Increasing melanoma incidence and survival trend shifts with improved melanoma-specific survival between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden
Authors: Vikström Sofi , Mikiver Rasmus , Lapins Jan , Nielsen Kari , Vassilaki Ismini , Lyth Johan , Isaksson Karolin , Eriksson Hanna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Melanoma-specific survival (MSS) is heterogenous between stages and is highly dependent on the T stage for primary localized disease. New systemic therapies for metastatic cutaneous melanoma (CM) have been introduced since 2012 in Sweden.

Objectives
To analyse the incidence and MSS time trends between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden.

Methods
Nationwide, population-based and prospectively collected clinico-pathological data on invasive CM from the Swedish Melanoma Registry (SweMR) were analysed for survival trends between 1990 and 2020 using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs).

Results
In total, 77 036 primary invasive CMs were diagnosed in 70 511 patients in Sweden between 1990 and 2020. The 5-year MSS [95% confidence interval (CI)] was 88.9% (88.3–89.4) for 1990–2000, 89.2% (88.7–89.6) for 2001–2010 and 93.0% (92.7–93.9) for 2011–2020. The odds ratios for being diagnosed with nodular melanoma (vs. superficial spreading melanoma) was significantly reduced by 20% (2001–2010) and by 46% (2011–2020) vs. the reference period 1990–2000. Overall, the MSS improved over both diagnostic periods (2001–2010 and 2011–2020) vs. the reference period 1990–2000 among men and women, respectively [HRmen: 2001–2010: 0.89 (95% CI 0.82–0.96) and 2011–2020: 0.62 (95% CI 0.56–0.67); HRwomen: 2001–2010: 0.82 (95% CI 0.74–0.91) and 2011–2020: 0.62 (95% CI 0.56–0.70)]. The risk of death from CM was significantly lower in all age groups for both men and women in the most recent diagnostic period (2011–2020 vs.1990–2000).

Conclusions
The results emphasize the improved MSS among men and women in Sweden. The MSS improvements, specifically for the period 2011–2020, may be correlated to the introduction of new systemic therapies and are here shown for the first time in detail for Sweden.
Pathophysiology of the right ventricle in health and disease: an update
Authors: Tello Khodr , Naeije Robert , de Man Frances , Guazzi Marco 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The contribution of the right ventricle (RV) to cardiac output is negligible in normal resting conditions when pressures in the pulmonary circulation are low. However, the RV becomes relevant in healthy subjects during exercise and definitely so in patients with increased pulmonary artery pressures both at rest and during exercise. The adaptation of RV function to loading rests basically on an increased contractility. This is assessed by RV end-systolic elastance (Ees) to match afterload assessed by arterial elastance (Ea). The system has reserve as the Ees/Ea ratio or its imaging surrogate ejection fraction has to decrease by more than half, before the RV undergoes an increase in dimensions with eventual increase in filling pressures and systemic congestion. RV-arterial uncoupling is accompanied by an increase in diastolic elastance. Measurements of RV systolic function but also of diastolic function predict outcome in any cause pulmonary hypertension and heart failure with or without preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Pathobiological changes in the overloaded RV include a combination of myocardial fibre hypertrophy, fibrosis and capillary rarefaction, a titin phosphorylation-related displacement of myofibril tension–length relationships to higher pressures, a metabolic shift from mitochondrial free fatty acid oxidation to cytoplasmic glycolysis, toxic lipid accumulation, and activation of apoptotic and inflammatory signalling pathways. Treatment of RV failure rests on the relief of excessive loading.
Population Genomic Evidence for a Repeated Introduction and Rapid Expansion of the Fungal Maize Pathogen Setosphaeria turcica in Europe
Authors: Vidal-Villarejo Mireia , Freund Fabian , Hanekamp Hendrik , von Tiedemann Andreas , Schmid Karl 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Modern agricultural practices, climate change, and globalization foster the rapid spread of plant pathogens, such as the maize fungal pathogen Setosphaeria turcica, which causes Northern corn leaf blight and expanded into Central Europe during the twentieth century. To investigate the rapid expansion of S. turcica, we sequenced 121 isolates from Europe and Kenya. Population genomic inference revealed a single genetically diverse cluster in Kenya and three clonal lineages with low diversity, as well as one cluster of multiple clonal sublineages in Europe. Phylogenetic dating suggests that all European lineages originated through sexual reproduction outside Europe and were subsequently introgressed multiple times. Unlike isolates from Kenya, European isolates did not show sexual recombination, despite the presence of both MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating types. For the clonal lineages, coalescent model selection supported a selectively neutral model with strong exponential population growth, rather than models with pervasive positive selection caused by host defense resistance or environmental adaptation. Within clonal lineages, phenotypic variation in virulence to different monogenic resistances, which defines the pathogen races, suggests that these races may originate from repeated mutations in virulence genes. Association testing based on k-mers did not identify genomic regions linked to pathogen races, but it did uncover strongly differentiated genomic regions between clonal lineages, which harbor genes with putative roles in pathogenicity. In conclusion, the expansion and population growth of S. turcica in Europe are mainly driven by an expansion of the maize cultivation area and not by rapid adaptation.
Challenges in tolerogenic dendritic cell therapy for autoimmune diseases: the route of administration
Authors: Mansilla María José , Hilkens Catharien M U , Martínez-Cáceres Eva M 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are a promising strategy to treat autoimmune diseases since they have the potential to re-educate and modulate pathological immune responses in an antigen-specific manner and, therefore, have minimal adverse effects on the immune system compared to conventional immunosuppressive treatments. TolDC therapy has demonstrated safety and efficacy in different experimental models of autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1D), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Moreover, data from phase I clinical trials have shown that therapy with tolDCs is safe and well tolerated by MS, T1D, and RA patients. Nevertheless, various parameters need to be optimized to increase tolDC efficacy. In this regard, one important parameter to be determined is the most appropriate route of administration. Several delivery routes, such as intravenous, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intradermal, intranodal, and intraarticular routes, have been used in experimental models as well as in phase I clinical trials. This review summarizes data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies of tolDC therapy in the treatment of MS, T1D, and RA and their animal models, as well as data from the context of cancer immunotherapy using mature peptide-loaded DC, and data from in vivo cell tracking experiments, to define the most appropriate route of tolDC administration in relation to the most feasible, safest, and effective therapeutic use.
Elizabeth Hamilton
Authors: Grogan Claire 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The British writer Elizabeth Hamilton (1756–1816) used her publications, fiction and nonfiction, rather than political polemic, to contribute to the revolutionary debate about female capabilities and appropriate education. In this way she avoided the personal attacks experienced by her more radical and outspoken female contemporaries. However, Hamilton’s focus on educational philosophy and economic independence over sexual freedoms meant that her revolutionary ideas have often been overlooked. Hamilton argued that a clear and current knowledge of the workings of the mind—a philosophy of understanding—was a necessary foundation for any effective educational reform. Her publications, whether fiction, historical biography or educational treatise, map the evolution of her understanding of, and contribution to, moral and educational philosophy. As a result, Hamilton’s moral philosophy and educational theory build more on the ideas of Scottish Enlightenment thinkers such as Thomas Reid and Dugald Stewart than on the educationalists Mary Wollstonecraft, Hannah More, or Richard and Maria Edgeworth. She drew on her reading of Locke, Hume, and Reid, and her friendships with Stewart, Moyes, and Alison, to argue that a grounding in moral philosophy was a necessary cornerstone of any educational reform.
Mary Shelley and Post-Apocalyptic Literature and Philosophy
Authors: Hunt Eileen M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mary Shelley mined the forms and themes of plague literature, the epic, the romance, and the gothic novel to develop a new subgenre of modern science fiction: post-apocalyptic literature. Her two great science fiction works (or what I call political science fictions)—Frankenstein (1818) and The Last Man (1826)—confront the social problems that arise from humanity’s artificial, technological, and cultural interventions in the wider environment. Comparing Frankenstein and The Last Man with their literary and philosophical sources—from Sophocles and Plutarch to Goethe and Godwin—reveals Shelley’s concern with the problem of interpersonal conflict. Her science fiction novels dramatize how interpersonal conflict, if left unchecked, will spiral into the wider social and political injustices of violence, war, and other human-made disasters, such as species extinctions, plagues, and pandemics. Their themes have deeply shaped existential and post-apocalyptic fiction, from Bram Stoker, M. P. Shiel, George Orwell, Albert Camus, and Richard Matheson to Margaret Atwood, Octavia Butler, and Emily St. John Mandel.
A Case of a Chronic Expanding Hematoma Caused by an Epidermal Cyst
Authors: Kuwahara Masamitsu , Wada Takuya , Masuda Yasumitsu , Miyata Riyo , Harada Masayuki , Ogawa Kohei 
Published: July 2023

Summary:
Chronic expanding hematoma (CEH) is a rare type of hematoma that expands slowly and continuously without compromising coagulation. Its etiology is often unknown. However, we experienced a rare case of CEH, in which an epidermal cyst was thought to be the cause. A 57-year-old man had developed a painless soft-tissue tumor in his left buttock 45 years earlier, which slowly grew to 11 cm in diameter. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging suggested a large cyst containing several masses. Surgery revealed a hematoma and keratin debris surrounded by a white fibrous cyst wall and a fibrous nodule measuring 4 cm in diameter. On histopathological examination of the white fibrous wall, an epidermal component was observed contralateral to the superficial punctum, but the epidermal component was absent from most of the wall, including the fibrous nodule. Based on a pathological examination, the CEH was suggested to have been caused by partial rupturing and inflammation of an epidermal cyst. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of epidermal cysts causing CEH. In addition, the large fibrous nodule protruding from the CEH cyst wall was considered to be rare. This was considered to be a rare CEH that may have originated from an epidermal cyst.
A new lymph node ratio-based staging system for rectosigmoid cancer: a retrospective study with external validation
Authors: Zhang Chao , Sun Pengda , Ma Zhiming , Zhao Shutao , Wang Xudong 
Published: July 2023

Background:
This study evaluated the clinical value of a new AJCC TNM staging prediction model based on lymph node ratio (LNR) in rectosigmoid cancer.

Methods:
The analysis included 1,444 patients with non-metastatic rectosigmoid cancer diagnosed pathologically between 2010 and 2016 who were collected from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Results database. The AJCC N-stage was redefined according to the LNR cut-off point, and the ability of the new staging system to predict prognosis was compared with that of the AJCC TNM staging system. Data from 739 patients from our hospital were used for external validation.

Results:
According to the number of examined lymph nodes and LNR, the N stage was divided into five groups (LNR0-5). The 5-year OS of patients divided according to the new TLNRM staging into stage I (T1LNR1, T1LNR2), IIA (T1LNR3, T2LNR1, T2LNR2, T2LNR3, T1LNR4, T3LNR1), IIB (T2LNR4), IIC (T3LNR2, T4aLNR1, T1LNR5), IIIA (T3LNR3, T2LNR5, T4b LNR1, T4aLNR2, T3LNR4), IIIB (T3LNR5, T4a LNR3, T4a LNR4, T4b LNR2), and IIIC (T4b LNR3, T4a LNR5, T4b LNR4, T4b LNR5) was significantly different (P<0.05). Decision curve analysis showed that the net income of the new TLNRM staging system for different decision thresholds was higher than the prediction line of the traditional 8th TNM staging system. The smaller AIC and BIC suggested that the new staging system had higher sensitivity for predicting prognosis than the traditional staging system. TLNRM Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy, while adjuvant chemotherapy did not improve the prognosis of TNM Ⅱ patients. These findings were confirmed by the external validation data.

Conclusion:
The new TLNRM staging system was superior to the 8th edition AJCC staging system for staging and predicting the prognosis of patients with rectosigmoid cancer and may become an effective tool in clinical practice.