bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colour stability of 3D‐Printed orthodontic brackets using filled resins
Authors: Wallach Richard , English Jeryl D. , Moon Audrey , Brock Ralph A. , Paravina Rade D. , Kasper F. Kurtis 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of common beverages and accelerated aging on the colour stability of filled resins, which could potentially be used for fabrication of 3D‐printed orthodontic brackets.Materials and MethodsGR‐17.1 (shades A1, A2, and A3), and GR‐10 Guide resins (pro3dure medical, Eden Prairie, MN) were printed on an Asiga MAX UV printer into discs 2 mm thick, with a diameter of 10 mm, and then post‐print processed as per manufacturer's instructions. Discs were immersed in 5 mL of coffee, tea, red wine, or distilled water for 7 days. Another group was subjected to accelerated aging in accordance with ISO Standard 4892‐2. Ten samples were produced per resin, per treatment condition. Colour measurements were taken on the discs before and after treatment using a spectrophotometer against white and black reference tiles to assess colour and translucency differences with the CIEDE2000 colour difference formula.ResultsWhile initial colour of the printed resin discs was acceptable, all resin groups underwent significant colour change during the experiment. Red wine and coffee produced the greatest colour and translucency change, followed by tea, with accelerated aging producing the least change in colour and translucency.ConclusionThe 3D‐printed resins tested underwent significant changes in colour and translucency following exposure to endogenous and exogenous sources of staining, which may affect their acceptability for fabrication of aesthetic orthodontic brackets.
Effect of Bone Cement Thickness on the Risk of Scalded Skin in Joint Surgery
Authors: Li Binglong , Han Kaifei , Yu Yang , He Junyi , Sun Houyi , Lu Qunshan , Li Lei , Zheng Tong , Zhang Baoqing , Liu Peilai 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveBone cement releases a large amount of heat as it polymerizes. Skin burns caused by discarded bone cement are not well understood during arthroplasty. It is important to study the correlates and mechanisms of scalding and to accurately evaluate the severity of burns to guide treatment decisions.MethodsStandardized burns were created in eight anesthetized rabbits using different thicknesses of bone cement. Bone cement was uniformly stirred to make thicknesses of 1 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm and a 20 × 40 mm cuboid. Bone cement samples were then placed on the back of a rabbit, and the temperature changes were recorded with an industrial digital thermometer. One hour later, the appearance of scalded skin was observed, and the rabbits were euthanized. The scalded parts were cut to make pathological sections and stained with HE, and the differences in the depth of the scalded skin caused by different thicknesses of bone cement were observed under a light microscope.ResultsDamage caused by 1 mm‐, 4 mm‐, 8 mm‐, 12 mm‐, 16 mm‐, and 20 mm‐thick bone cement samples mainly involved the epidermis, the papillary dermis, the reticular dermis layer, and the full thickness of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. The maximum temperature of 1 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm, and 12 mm bone cementation had a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference between 12 mm, 16 mm, and 20 mm samples (p = 0.856). The time to severe scalding with bone cement at temperatures above 70°C was significantly different between different thicknesses (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe heat released by different thicknesses of bone cement leads to different maximum temperatures and the duration of severe burns, resulting in different degrees of skin burns. Attention should be paid to discarded bone cement to prevent this potential complication in knee arthroplasty.
Relationship of Pelvic Positional Change with Leg Length and Offset Measurement in Experimental Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Kikuchi Naoya , Kawamura Haruo , Nishino Tomofumi , Mishima Hajime 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveDuring total hip arthroplasty (THA), both pelvic and femur positions affect leg length (LL) and offset (OS) measurements because LL and OS calipers depend on the fixed reference points on the pelvis and femur, respectively. However, LL and OS measurement errors because of pelvic positional changes have not been described. This study aimed to clarify the effects of pelvic positional changes on LL and OS measurements in relation to the pelvic reference using a THA simulator.MethodsWe developed an experimental THA simulator using Sawbones models of the hemipelvis and femur that facilitated modification of the obliquity, tilt, and rotation of the pelvis. Using an LL and OS caliper, LL and OS measurement errors due to pelvic positional changes were determined with the femoral position fixed. Measurements were performed from two pelvic reference positions: the iliac tubercle (P1) and the top of the iliac crest intersecting the line of the femoral long axis (P2).ResultsConcerning pelvic obliquity, the total error of LL was 25.0 mm in P1 and 26.5 mm in P2, while the total error of OS was 13.0 mm in P1 and 10.9 mm in P2. For pelvic tilt, the total error of LL was 9.0 mm in P1 and 3.8 mm in P2, while the total error of OS was 0.5 mm in P1 and 1.0 mm in P2. Regarding pelvic rotation, the total error of LL was 13.8 mm in P1 and 3.2 mm in P2, while the total error of OS was 3.8 mm in P1 and 4.0 mm in P2.ConclusionsPelvic positional changes alter LL and OS measurements. The acceptable range (error <2 mm) on LL and OS measurement errors of pelvic obliquity was only 2°, regardless of the pelvic reference position. The pelvic reference position should be at the top of the iliac crest intersecting the line of the long axis of the femur because of a small LL measurement error with pelvic tilt and rotation.
Efficacy of procedural treatments for pediatric hidradenitis suppurativa: A systematic review
Authors: Masson Rahul , Parvathala Neha , Ma Elaine , Shih Terri , Atluri Swetha , Sayed Christopher J. , Hogeling Marcia , Shi Vivian Y. , Hsiao Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, inflammatory skin disease that has historically been understudied in the pediatric population. Procedural interventions, such as surgical excisions, skin grafts, and lasers, are important for comprehensive HS disease management. However, there is a lack of data on procedural treatments for HS in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the efficacy and safety of procedural treatments for HS in pediatric patients. In April 2022, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for articles on the efficacy of procedural treatments for HS in patients <18 years of age. Two independent reviewers extracted data from relevant studies. From 1974 to 2021, 23 articles with 81 patients were identified. Patients' Hurley stages included stage I (9.1%, 1/11), II (36.4%, 4/11), and III (54.5%, 6/11). The most extensively studied procedural interventions include negative pressure wound therapy (n = 30), surgical excision with skin graft/flap (n = 19), and endoscopic electrode or laser treatment (n = 11). In all, promising response rates for procedural management strategies were observed in the literature but the findings were largely based on case reports/series. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), especially those geared toward minimally invasive procedural treatments, are needed to help guide clinicians on the most efficacious treatment modalities for pediatric patients with HS.
Governor's political affiliation and stringent COVID‐19 policy
Authors: Wang Chan , Kim Yushim , Mossberger Karen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe political affiliation of governors has been highlighted as the most important predictor of a state's aggressiveness in responding to the pandemic, that is, Democratic governors advocated for more stringent policies than their Republican counterparts. However, of the 39 states that issued a statewide stay‐at‐home order (SAHO) mandate, nearly half were led by Republican governors. Using a qualitative comparative analysis, we find that gubernatorial partisanship alone cannot explain SAHO mandates. If partisanship played a role at all, it did so only in states with large metropolitan areas or with fewer public health resources. Regardless of the governor's partisanship, the combination of problem severity and public health resources was sufficient to produce a stringent policy outcome. Emphasis on gubernatorial decisions as purely political overlooks material needs relevant for future pandemic response and the potential for evidence and future coordination.
Short‐ and long‐run labor market adjustment to import competition
Authors: Blyde Juan , Busso Matias , Park Kyunglin , Romero Dario 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBy exploiting spatial variation in import exposure arising from initial differences in industry specialization, we analyze how local labor markets in Mexico adjusted to increased Chinese‐import competition over different time horizons. The initial adjustment to the shock took various forms: a decline in the number of wage employees, a substitution of wage employees with piece‐rate or outsourced workers, and a substitution of formal employees with informal employees. The negative effects on employment were mainly associated with job destruction from exiting firms, particularly those that were small and medium‐sized. During periods in which employment fell, the population that actively participated in the labor force fell. The negative short‐ and medium‐run effects mostly disappeared after 20 years.
Export capacity and capital stock augmentation through imports: Evidence from Sub‐Saharan African countries
Authors: Co Catherine Y. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates the capital goods imports of Sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries from 2002 to 2017. The composition of capital goods imports has become less diverse over time in more than half of the countries studied. Colonial ties no longer determine the sourcing of capital goods as China is now the top source. Trade gravity regressions using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum‐likelihood estimator show that bilateral exports of non‐primary products by SSA countries and their low‐income peers are associated with increased net stock of imported general‐purpose capital goods. Additionally, there is evidence that the net stock of some types of imported equipment and machinery is associated with increased non‐primary exports of items utilising these capital goods with elasticity estimates ranging from 0.10 to 1.10. Thus, there is some form of economic restructuring in the region gleaned from increased exports of non‐primary products brought about by capital stock augmentation through imports.
‘A just price is future’: The capital–life conflict in a viticulture region (El Penedès)
Authors: Homs Ramírez de la Piscina Patricia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractEl Penedès is an area of Catalonia (northeastern Spain) characterised by its viticulture activity. Its landscape and territorial identity are marked by vineyards and the creation of still and sparkling wines such ascava. This article analyses the tensions between the three dimensions of sustainability (economic, sociocultural and environmental) among viticulturist practices and discourses in El Penedès. Through 2 years (2019–2021) of fieldwork in the region (participant observation and interviews), I have observed the (un)sustainabilities of viticulturists in four different contexts: the expansion of organic production, quantity‐orientedcavaproduction, the effects of territorial policies on vineyards and the permanent farmers’ demonstrations demanding just prices and a decent life (vida digna). Viticulturists are threatened by agro‐industrial drifts that squeeze their livelihoods and impede the sustainability of life. Thus, the viticulturists’ current situation exemplifies the capital–life conflict explored by feminist economists in other fields. The article contributes to the study of sustainability in light of social reproduction in the viticulture sector and provides empirical evidence of other economic rationalities among viticulturists that differ from the hegemonic economic rationality based on capital accumulation.
Preliminary evaluation of penile papule dermatoses with reflectance confocal microscopy in children
Authors: Chen Lixin , Wang Ying , Zhang Wanxing , Su Haihui , Li Qinfeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundOwing to their similar appearance, lichen striatus (LS), lichen nitidus (LN), juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), and molluscum contagiosum (MC) on the penis often lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis, especially in children. In vivo evaluation of penile dermatoses with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is helpful in the diagnosis of these ambiguous lesions in children.MethodsWe recruited 12 patients with LS, nine with LN, seven with JXG, and nine with MC and evaluated the characteristics and distinguishing features of the four kinds of papule dermatoses on the penis using RCM.ResultsThe four dermatoses all had unique RCM features. LS generally showed focally destroyed dermal papillary rings, with numerous mononuclear cell clusters aggregated inside the papillary rings, and highly refractive clumps were observed. For LN, the dermal papillary rings were completely destroyed and arranged in a solitary, enlarged, cavity‐like structure, in which round cells, particulate matter structures, and plump cellular structures were aggregated; the adjacent skin was completely normal. In JXG, the dermal papillary rings were significantly dilated, and the superficial dermis was filled with different‐sized large bright ring cells; smaller, refractive, roundish structures; and particulate matter. For MC, the normal structures completely disappeared; the lesions were arranged in a crater‐shaped structure; and a mass‐like substance formed by the aggregation of multiple, uniform, roundish structures was observed within the crater.ConclusionRCM allows for real‐time visualization of major key diagnostic and distinguishing features of four papule dermatoses, LS, LN, JXG, and MC, on the penis in children.
The challenges of integrating explainable artificial intelligence into GeoAI
Authors: Xing Jin , Sieber Renee 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) promises considerable progress in glassboxing deep learning models, there are challenges in applying XAI to geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), specifically geospatial deep neural networks (DNNs). We summarize these as three major challenges, related generally to XAI computation, to GeoAI and geographic data handling, and to geosocial issues. XAI computation includes the difficulty of selecting reference data/models and the shortcomings of attributing explanatory power to gradients, as well as the difficulty in accommodating geographic scale, geovisualization, and underlying geographic data structures. Geosocial challenges encompass the limitations of knowledge scope—semantics and ontologies—in the explanation of GeoAI as well as the lack of integrating non‐technical aspects in XAI, including processes that are not amenable to XAI. We illustrate these issues with a land use classification case study.
Using habitat suitability models for multiscale forensic geolocation analysis
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Miller Jennifer A. , Grubesic Tony H. , Jha Shalene 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPollen is one of the most durable environmental materials that law enforcement agencies recover as trace evidence from people and objects. Although links between objects and geographic locations are essential during legal investigations, the approach of using pollen and other microbial fingerprints to build these links in an analytical framework is still underutilized. This study uses bees as objects that are mobile and collects environmental traces as a test case to determine the efficacy of predictive geolocation efforts with recovered pollen and species distribution models at both subcontinental and global scales. Results demonstrate promising performance in both the predictive capability of species distribution models and identification of possible location history of bees at both study extents. When coupling pollen with other categories of evidentiary items, this geographic attribution framework can aid law enforcement personnel in refining investigation priorities and optimizing search strategies.
Enabling geosimulations for global scale: Spherical geographic automata
Authors: Addae Bright , Dragićević Suzana 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSeveral complex dynamic spatial systems are operating on the global scale. Their representation with existing geosimulation models is limited to planar level and do not consider the curvature of the Earth's surface. Thus, the objective of this study is to propose and develop a spherical geographic automata (SGA) modeling approach to represent and simulate dynamic spatial processes at the global level. The proposed SGA model is implemented for three case studies including simulations of: (1) Game of Life as population dynamics; (2) urban land‐use growth; and (3) deforestation all operating on the spherical Earth's surface. Simulation results indicate that the proposed SGA modeling approach can represent spatial processes such as expansion and shrinkage dynamics on the Earth's surface. The proposed approach has the potential to be adopted to represent different complex systems such as ecological, epidemiological, socioeconomic, and Earth systems processes to support environmental management and policymaking at the global level.
The involvement of allosteric effectors and post‐translational modifications in the control of plant central carbon metabolism
Authors: Hartman Matías D. , Rojas Bruno E. , Iglesias Alberto A. , Figueroa Carlos M. 
Published: April 2023

SUMMARYPlant metabolism is finely orchestrated to allow the occurrence of complementary and sometimes opposite metabolic pathways. In part this is achieved by the allosteric regulation of enzymes, which has been a cornerstone of plant research for many decades. The completion of the Arabidopsis genome and the development of the associated toolkits for Arabidopsis research moved the focus of many researchers to other fields. This is reflected by the increasing number of high‐throughput proteomic studies, mainly focused on post‐translational modifications. However, follow‐up ‘classical’ biochemical studies to assess the functions and upstream signaling pathways responsible for such modifications have been scarce. In this work, we review the basic concepts of allosteric regulation of enzymes involved in plant carbon metabolism, comprising photosynthesis and photorespiration, starch and sucrose synthesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Additionally, we revisit the latest results on the allosteric control of the enzymes involved in these pathways. To conclude, we elaborate on the current methods for studying protein–metabolite interactions, which we consider will become crucial for discoveries in the future.
Comparison of the quantity and antimicrobial activity of host defence peptides in ear canals between healthy and atopic dogs: A preliminary study
Authors: Santoro Domenico 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHost defence peptides (HDPs) are involved in cutaneous immune defence. The secretion of HDPs in the ears of healthy normal and noninfected atopic dogs has not been measured.Hypotheses/ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to quantify the concentrations of β‐defensins (cBD3)‐like and cathelicidin (cCath) HDPs in ears of healthy and atopic dogs without infectious otitis, additionally to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the HDPs obtained.AnimalsTen healthy and 20 atopic dogs with mild inflammatory, noninfectious otitis were included.Materials and MethodsAbsence of infection was determined by cytological evaluation, and the severity of clinical signs, if present, was assessed by a previously validated score (Otitis Externa Scoring System for Clinical Study, OTIS‐3). The left ear canal of each dog was rinsed with 2 mL of sodium phosphate buffer. The solution obtained was analysed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to quantify HDPs. Additionally, aural secretions were incubated with two concentrations (5 × 105 and 5 × 104 colony‐forming units/mL) of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the bacterial density measured after 24 h of incubation. Data were statistically analysed. Significance was set as p ≤ 0.05.ResultsThere was a significantly lower concentration of HDPs from atopic ears when compared with those from normal healthy dogs (cBD3‐like: p = 0.0007; cCath: p = 0.049). There was minimal to variable antimicrobial activity in the aural secretions of both groups.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThis study showed, for the first time, that the ear canals of atopic dogs with mild noninfectious otitis contain a lower concentration of cBD3‐like and cCath HDPs than those of healthy dogs with normal ears. A consistent antimicrobial activity was not present in the aural secretions from either group.
Square function estimates and local smoothing for Fourier integral operators
Authors: Gao Chuanwei , Liu Bochen , Miao Changxing , Xi Yakun 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe prove a variable coefficient version of the square function estimate of Guth–Wang–Zhang. By a classical argument of Mockenhaupt–Seeger–Sogge, it implies the full range of sharp local smoothing estimates for ‐dimensional Fourier integral operators satisfying the cinematic curvature condition. In particular, the local smoothing conjecture for wave equations on compact Riemannian surfaces is settled.
Precise U-Pb dating of incremental calcite slickenfiber growth: Evidence for far-field Eocene fold reactivation in Ireland
Authors: Monchal V. , Drost K. , Chew D. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The Variscan orogen in southern Ireland and Britain is characterized by an intensely deformed, E-W–trending fold-and-thrust belt. Farther north in Ireland, the Carboniferous North Dublin Basin exhibits tight chevron folds and kinematically linked en echelon vein sets, along with bedding-parallel veins with slickenfibers. This deformation is assumed to be Variscan in age, despite lying 150 km north of the supposed Variscan “front.” The laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U-Pb dating of these calcite veins undertaken for this study showed that relict Variscan U-Pb ages are very poorly preserved. Instead, late Eocene ages were obtained from many calcite veins, including fold hinge breccias and bedding-parallel slickenfiber veins associated with N-S shortening (flexural slip). Also, U-Pb ages from one bedding-parallel vein showed protracted flexural slip over ~5 m.y. during late Eocene times. Detection of the growth domains within this vein was facilitated by the imaging approach to LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating adopted in this study, which can identify age-homogeneous domains by integrating spatial U-Pb isotopic information with maps of petrogenetically diagnostic major and trace elements. The late Eocene fold reactivation phase was hitherto undetected on the Irish mainland, but regional Cenozoic N-directed shortening has been documented in Mesozoic–Cenozoic sequences of the southern Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, southern England, and the Paris Basin. We attribute late Eocene fold reactivation to far-field, N-directed shortening associated with the Alpine/Pyrenean orogenies. It is likely that many Variscan or Caledonian folds, particularly in southern onshore Ireland, were reactivated during Eocene–Oligocene shortening, which has not been recognized to date because of the lack of post-Variscan markers (e.g., dikes, Mesozoic–Cenozoic cover sequences).