bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of forest age and stand density on the growth, soil moisture content, and soil carbon content of Populus simoni plantations in the sandy area of western Liaoning, Northeast China
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhang Zhaowei , Yang Xiangyu , Ai Xin , Wang Yutao , Liu Ping 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Poplar (Populus simoni) plantations are crucial in the sandy regions of western Liaoning, serving key roles in wind protection, sand stabilization, soil moisture regulation, and carbon sequestration. However, challenges such as suboptimal stand quality and limited ecological benefits persist. This study aims to elucidate the growth dynamics of poplar plantations and their impact on soil moisture content and soil carbon content in this region. We established 75 standard plots across various age groups and stand densities in Fuxin City, measuring poplar diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (TH), soil moisture content, and soil carbon content. We found that DBH and TH increase with increasing stand density in young and middle-aged forests, but the opposite is true at near-maturity, maturity, and over-maturity, where DBH and TH decrease with increasing stand density. Soil moisture content rises with stand density in younger forests, while soil carbon content increases with age, with surface soil layers exhibiting higher carbon concentrations. The soil carbon stock in these plantations is approximately 3.0 × 106 tons, the highest recorded in Fuxin City. This research provides a foundation for the effective management and development of poplar plantations in wind-prone, sandy areas. Overall, optimizing stand density and managing forest age distribution are essential for enhancing the ecological and carbon sequestration benefits of poplar plantations in this region.
Dominant inflation of the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre in a warming climate
Authors: Wang Qiang , Shu Qi , Wang Shizhu , Li Xinyue , Danilov Sergey , Qiao Fangli , Song Zhenya , Wang Fan , Jung Thomas 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre, the largest Arctic freshwater reservoir, plays a crucial role for climate and marine ecosystems. Understanding how it changes in a warming climate is therefore essential. Here, using high-resolution simulations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 data, we find that the Beaufort Gyre will increasingly accumulate freshwater, elevate sea level, and spin up its circulation as the climate warms. These changes, collectively referred to as inflation, are more pronounced in the Beaufort Gyre region than in other Arctic areas, amplifying the spatial asymmetry of the Arctic Ocean. The inflation is driven by increased surface freshwater fluxes and intensified surface stress from wind strengthening and sea ice decline. Current climate models tend to underestimate this inflation, which could be alleviated by high-resolution ocean models and improved atmospheric circulation simulations. The inflation of the Beaufort Gyre underscores its growing importance in a warming climate.
Trade-off between pollinator-wildflower diversity & grassland yields
Authors: Balfour Nicholas J. , Harris Ciaran , Storkey Jonathan , Ratnieks Francis L. W. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This is a critical moment for land use policy globally, with many countries (e.g. the UK and the European Union) currently undertaking significant green reforms of their agricultural policies. Despite their importance for maintaining agricultural outputs and plant diversity, the effects of artificial soil enrichment on pollinators remain poorly understood. Our two-year study at the world’s longest-running ecological experiment, Park Grass, Rothamsted, examines the relationship between soil fertilisation, grassland yield and biodiversity. Our data show a large and significant negative effect of the major plant nutrients (NPK) on the abundance, species richness and functional diversity of both pollinators and flowering plants. The results also indicate a large and significant trade-off between productivity and biodiversity. Our findings are a salutary reminder of the challenge in reconciling conflicting aims in farmland management and strongly suggest that financial incentives are necessary to offset yield reductions to improve biodiversity outcomes in agricultural grasslands.
Excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performances of FeCoNiAlTix high-entropy alloys with superior oxidation resistance
Authors: Wang Yansi , Fang Liyang , Xu Chenran , Chen Xiaoling , Lu Zhiyou , Xu Guanglong , Yang Lingwei , Ouyang Yifang , Tao Xiaoma 
Published: January 2025

In this work, FeCoNiAlTi0.6 HEA with strong electromagnetic-wave absorption performances and excellent oxidation resistance was developed by introducing the element Ti into the FeCoNiAl-based HEA to control the phase structure transformation.
Preparation of magnetic‐oriented electronic packaging composite materials with improved thermal conductivity and insulating properties by filling magnetic BN@Fe3O4 core‐shell particles into epoxy
Authors: You Zeyu , Weng Ling , Guan Lizhu , Zhang Xiaorui , Wu Zijian , Chen Hao , Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEpoxy resin (EP), as a resin material with excellent insulation performance, has been widely applied in fields such as electronics, coatings, ships etc. However, epoxy resins generally have poor thermal conductivity, which limits their application in the field of new generation of electronic packaging. To address the key issues mentioned above, the BN@Fe3O4 particles with positive out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity were successfully prepared in this study, having a core‐shell structure with rough surfaces as well. As a thermal conductive powder, the disadvantage of hexagonal boron nitride being easily agglomerated in resin has been improved. By applying an external magnetic field, three‐dimensional thermal conduction pathways were constructed in the matrix. The physical and chemical properties of the BN@Fe3O4 powder and its composite materials were analysed and tested. The experiment indicates that the thermal conductive magnetic powder BN@Fe3O4 had been successfully prepared. When the filling amount of BN@Fe3O4 reached 27.5 vol%, the out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity of the composite material was 1.758 W m−1 K−1, which was 982.12% that of pure EP. At this point, the mechanical behaviour and insulation performance of EP composite materials can be effectively guaranteed at the same order of magnitude as pure EP performance.
How the cool-core population transitions from galaxy groups to massive clusters
Authors: González Villalba Justo Antonio , Dolag Klaus , Biffi Veronica 
Published: January 2025

Aims. Our aim is to understand how the interplay between black hole (BH) feedback and merge processes can effectively turn cool-core galaxy clusters into hot-core clusters in the modern universe. Additionally, we also aim to clarify which parameters of the BH feedback model used in simulations can cause an excess of feedback at the scale of galaxy groups while not efficiently suppressing star formation at the scale of galaxy clusters.
Methods. To obtain robust statistics of the cool-core population, we compare the modern Universe snapshot (z = 0.25) of the largest Magneticum simulation (Box2b/hr) with the eROSITA eFEDS survey and Planck SZ-selected clusters observed with XMM-Newton. Additionally, we compare the BH feedback injected by the simulation in radio mode with Chandra observations of X-ray cavities, and LOFAR observations of radio emission.
Results. We confirm a decreasing trend in cool-core fractions towards the most massive galaxy clusters, which is well reproduced by the Magneticum simulations. This evolution is connected with an increased merge activity that injects high-energy particles into the core region, but it also requires thermalisation and conductivity to enhance mixing through the intra-cluster medium core, where both factors are increasingly efficient towards the high mass end. On the other hand, BH feedback remains as the dominant factor at the scale of galaxy groups, while its relative impact decreases towards the most massive clusters.
Conclusions. The problems suppressing star formation in simulations are not caused by low BH feedback efficiencies. They root in the definition of the black hole sphere of influence used to distribute the feedback, which decreases as density and accretion rate increase. Actually, a decreasing BH feedback efficiency towards low-mass galaxy groups is required to prevent overheating. These problems can be addressed in simulations by using relations between accretion rate, cavity power, and cavity reach derived from X-ray observations.
VEGAS-SSS: An intra-group component in the globular cluster system of the NGC 5018 galaxy group using VST data
Authors: Lonare Pratik , Cantiello Michele , Mirabile Marco , Spavone Marilena , Rejkuba Marina , Hilker Michael , Habas Rebecca , Iodice Enrichetta , Hazra Nandini , Riccio Gabriele 
Published: January 2025

Context. Globular clusters (GCs) offer a valuable tool as a fossil tracer of the formation and evolution of galaxies and their environment. Studying the properties of these stellar systems provides crucial insights into the past formation and interaction events of the galaxies, especially in galaxy group and cluster environments.
Aims. We study the properties of globular cluster (GC) candidates in an area of 1.25 × 1.03 sq. degrees centred on the NGC 5018 galaxy group. We use the deep, wide field, and multi-passband (ugr) observations obtained with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST) as part of the VST Elliptical GAlaxy Survey (VEGAS). With a focus on studying small stellar systems (SSS) associated with bright galaxies, this paper constitutes an extension of the VEGAS-SSS series investigating GCs in the NGC 5018 group.
Methods. We derived photometric catalogues of compact and extended sources in the area and identified GC candidates using a set of photometric and morphometric selection parameters. A GC candidate catalogue has been provided and inspected using a statistical background decontamination technique, benefiting from the wide area coverage of the data.
Results. The 2D distribution map of GC candidates reveals an over-density of sources on the brightest member of the NGC 5018 group. No significant GC over-densities are observed in the other bright galaxies of the group. We report the discovery of a candidate local nucleated low-surface-brightness (LSB) dwarf galaxy that may possibly be engaged in a tidal interaction with NGC 5018. The 2D map also reveals an intra-group GC population aligning with the bright galaxies and along the intra-group light (IGL) component of the group. The radial density profile of GC candidates in NGC 5018 follows the galaxy surface brightness profile. The (g − r) colour profile of GC candidates centred on this galaxy shows no evidence of the well-known colour bimodality; however, it is observed instead in the intra-group population. From the GC luminosity function (GCLF) analysis, we find a low specific frequency, S​N = 0.59 ± 0.27 for NGC 5018, which is consistent with previous results based on less deep optical data over a smaller area. This relatively low S​N value, coupled with the lack of colour bimodality, might be due to a combination of observational data limitations as well as the post-merger status of NGC 5018, which might host a population of relatively young GCs. For the intra-group GC population, we obtained a lower limit of S​N, gr ∼ 0.6. Using the GCLF as a distance indicator, we estimate that NGC 5018 is located 38.0 ± 7.9 Mpc away, which is consistent with values reported in the literature.
Dual function of (inter)subjectivity in the use of well as a discourse marker
Authors: Takamura Ryo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that subjective elements emerge in the initial position of an utterance, known as the
left periphery, whereas intersubjective elements typically emerge in the final position, referred to as the right periphery.
However, this functional asymmetry is not invariably maintained. This study advances the argument that the discourse marker
well can serve a dual purpose, simultaneously expressing both a speaker’s subjectivity and intersubjectivity
at the outset of an utterance, specifically on the left periphery. Essentially, well indexes the speaker’s
subjectivity mediated through intersubjectivity. Additionally, the study explores the intricate relationship between
intersubjectivity and the textual function of well as a discourse marker. This study reveals that intersubjective
functions can contribute to the development of textual functions.
High-Magnetic-Field-Induced First-Order Magnetic Transition and Tricritical Phenomenon in Antiferromagnetic Semimetal NdSb
Authors: Zhao 赵 Jun 俊 , Rahman 何 Azizur 安曼 , Liu 刘 Wei 威 , Ling 凌 Langsheng 浪生 , Han 韩 Yuyan 玉岩 , Xi 郗 Chuanying 传英 , Pi 皮 Li 雳 , Qu 屈 Zhe 哲 , Gao 高 Hao 浩 , Zhang 张 Lei 蕾 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The antiferromagnetic (AFM) semimetal NdSb is well known for the interplay between its exotic magnetism and topological properties. However, its magnetism remains poorly understood. In this study, we thoroughly investigated the magnetization of NdSb single crystals with a high magnetic field (H) of up to 30 T applied in various directions. We found that the AFM phase is suppressed by a magnetic field of 9.41 T when H ∥ [100] and 11.25 T when H ∥ [110], whereas the suppression field ranges from 9.41 to 10.67 T with a hysteresis of 1.26 T when H ∥ [111]. The magnetization of H ∥ [100], which is an easy direction with a typical magnetic transition, was studied in detail. The AFM phase with H ∥ [100] was suppressed at lower temperatures, disappearing at approximately 6.25 K. The critical exponents β = 0.234(3), γ = 0.824(6), and δ = 4.90(6) were obtained for H ∥ [100], and aligned with a tricritical mean-field model. Analysis of the critical behavior suggests a field-induced tricritical phenomenon for H ∥ [100]. An H–T phase diagram for an NdSb single crystal was constructed for H ∥ [100], revealing a field-induced first-order transition and a tricritical point (TCP) at T
tr = 6.25 K and H
tr = 9.41 T. The clarification of the multiple magnetic phases and transitions in NdSb provides crucial insights into the correlation between its magnetism and topology.
Steered quantum coherence in finite-temperature environment and its protection with weak measurements
Authors: Yuan Hao , Zhao Lin-Yao , Han Lian-Fang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of steered quantum coherence (SQC) measured by the l
1-norm and relative entropy in a finite-temperature environment, which is modeled as a generalized amplitude damping channel. It is shown that the SQC decreases monotonically as the parameter r increases, and the sudden death of SQC occurs no matter what the temperature is. The effect of the temperature of the thermal bath on the dynamics of SQC is unremarkable. To a certain extent, SQC is robust to the temperature in such thermal noise. Further, we use weak measurement (WM) and quantum measurement reversal (QMR) to protect the SQC from the finite-temperature environment. It is shown that the SQC can be enhanced, or even birthed, when the measurement strengths of WM and QMR are properly chosen. We also show that SQC can achieve the maximal value for the optimal measurement strengths. Our results could be verified experimentally in an all-optical system, and pave the way to further applications of SQC in quantum information processing.
Effects of nuclear deformation and surface polarization on proton-emission half-lives
Authors: Wang Hanlin , Wang Zhen , Bai Dong , Ni Dong-Dong , Ren Zhong-Zhou 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Proton radioactivity is known as an important method to investigate the characteristics of unstable neutron-deficient nuclei beyond the proton dripline. Based on the tunneling of one proton through the potential barrier formed by Woods-Saxon plus expanded Coulomb potentials, the half-lives of various proton emitters are calculated using distorted wave Born approximations. Particularly, deformation and nuclear surface polarization are considered in our calculation, and their effects on proton-emission half-lives are researched. An analytic relationship of spectroscopic factors with deformation and polarization is proposed as well, which significantly reduces the deviations of calculated half-lives from experimental data. Moreover, inspired by the newly experimental results for the first proton emitter discovered 53Com [L. G. Sarmiento, et al., Nat. Commun. 14, 5961 (2023)], we calculate its two proton-emission branches and well interpret the partial half-lives. It is noteworthy that this high-spin isomer has some particular characteristics including diminutive spectroscopic factors and stronger daughter-proton interactions, which considerably enhance the effects of deformation and polarization.
R^2 corrections to holographic heavy quarkonium dissociation
Authors: Zhu Zhou-Run , Sun Manman , Zhou Rui , Han Jinzhong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the $R^2$ corrections to the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the Gauss-Bonnet gravitational background. We analyze the impact of Gauss-Bonnet parameter $\lambda_{GB}$ on the spectral function of charmonium and bottomonium, and examine how $\lambda_{GB}$ affects the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. Our results show that $\lambda_{GB}$ reduces the peak height and increases the peak width of the spectral function, suggesting that $\lambda_{GB}$ enhances the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. We also discuss how the dissociation of heavy quarkonium varies with the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density and find the dissociation will be easier in more perfect plasma. Additionally, we observe that the temperature decreases the peak height and widens the peak, thereby accelerating the dissociation.Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.
DeepFocus: a transnasal approach for optimized deep brain stimulation of reward circuit nodes
Authors: Guo Yuxin , Forssell Mats , Kusyk Dorian M , Jain Vishal , Swink Isaac , Corcoran Owen , Lee Yuhyun , Goswami Chaitanya , Whiting Alexander C , Cheng Boyle C , Grover Pulkit 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) is an effective technique to modulate brain activity and treat diseases. However, TES is primarily used to stimulate superficial brain regions and is unable to reach deeper targets. The spread of injected currents in the head is affected by volume conduction and the additional spreading of currents as they move through head layers with different conductivities, as is discussed in Forssell et al (2021 J. Neural Eng.
18 046042). In this paper, we introduce DeepFocus, a technique aimed at stimulating deep brain structures in the brain’s ‘reward circuit’ (e.g. the orbitofrontal cortex, Brodmann area 25, amygdala, etc). Approach. To accomplish this, DeepFocus utilizes transnasal electrode placement (under the cribriform plate and within the sphenoid sinus) in addition to electrodes placed on the scalp, and optimizes current injection patterns across these electrodes. To quantify the benefit of DeepFocus, we develop the DeepROAST simulation and optimization platform. DeepROAST simulates the effect of complex skull-base bones’ geometries on the electric fields generated by DeepFocus configurations using realistic head models. It also uses optimization methods to search for focal and efficient current injection patterns, which we use in our simulation and cadaver studies. Main results. In simulations, optimized DeepFocus patterns created larger and more focal fields in several regions of interest than scalp-only electrodes. In cadaver studies, DeepFocus patterns created large fields at the medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) with magnitudes comparable to stimulation studies, and, in conjunction with established cortical stimulation thresholds, suggest that the field intensity is sufficient to create neural response, e.g. at the OFC. Significance. This minimally invasive stimulation technique can enable more efficient and less risky targeting of deep brain structures to treat multiple neural conditions.
Bi2Te3/PbTe thermophotovoltaic cells absorbing radiation from low-temperature surroundings
Authors: Wang Kaixuan , Lou Chaogang 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Bi2Te3/PbTe thermophotovoltaic cells are prepared by vacuum evaporation. This kind of cells can convert radiation of low temperature (below 500 K) into electricity. The short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and conversion efficiency of the cells increase with temperature under 300-480 K. The experimental results show that the heat-electricity conversion at low temperature is feasible. The characteristics of the thermophotovoltaic cells are discussed in this paper.
Optical properties of near-infrared down-conversion in Eu2+-Yb3+ co-doped Ba5Si2O6Cl6 for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Song Guoxiang , Lou Chaogang , Zhu Ruiqi , Diao Han , Shen Bowen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mismatch between the absorption spectrum of silicon solar cells and the solar spectrum is the main factor limiting the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. In this work, broadband sensitized near-infrared (NIR) emission Ba5Si2O6Cl6:Eu2+,Yb3+ phosphors were prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. This phosphor appears green emission in natural light and the particle size observed using a scanning electron microscope is approximately 2 microns. The broadband absorption property of Eu2+ ions enables the materials to absorb photons in the ultraviolet-blue region of 210-500 nm and transfer the energy to Yb3+, causing Yb3+ to emit NIR photons of 974 nm due to the Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2 transition. The NIR spectra match the bandgap of silicon (1.12 eV), reducing energy loss due to thermal vibrations. The materials have excellent optical properties and can be applied as spectral modulators on the surface of silicon solar cells to solve the spectral mismatch problem, which has a promising application in silicon solar cells.
Early Internationalists
Authors: Fawcett Louise 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines the richness and diversity of early Latin American contributions to the development of international law across the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. It shows the centrality of these interventions to the processes surrounding Latin America’s insertion and terms of acceptance into the international community of states, processes that, with some exceptions, have been hitherto neglected by scholars. Latin American states were among the first to win independence from European imperial powers and be recognized as independent states. Their experience was, therefore, unique in both time and place. The subsequent waves of decolonization occurred in the mid-twentieth century, after two world wars and under different conditions. In that sense, Latin Americans, using international law and institutions as a vehicle, played a pathbreaking and still underrecognized role in the expansion of an international society.