bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Consequences and Costs of the Anglo-American System in the Pre-Hospital Emergency Department of Yazd in 2018
Authors: Pakdaman Mohsen , Askari Roohollah , Dehghan Ahmad , Pahlavanpoor Saeedreza , Nikafshan Alireza 
Published: April 2023

Background: One of the most important tasks of health care managers is allocateing resources, controling them and ensuring their effective use when available. This study examines the consequences and costs of emergency services in Yazd in 2018.
Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study performed on patients of 11 centers in Yazd in 2018. The population of the city was approximately 750,000 in 2018 (1). Direct and indirect costs were extracted, and the consequences and costs of Yazd emergency in 2018 were calculated in riyal and Dollars.
Results: This study showed that in 2018, out of 173154 contacts, 37988 cases led to the dispatch of an ambulance, and the response rate was 18 %. The rate of hospitalization was 52 %. The average time of dispatch in Yazd pre-hospital emergency department was (10:48) in 2018. Of the 59 high-risk patients who were transported to Yazd's pre-hospital emergency in 2018, 5 patients had successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation(discharge from the hospital). In other words, effectiveness and saving people from death was 8.4 %. Depreciation costs in the pre-hospital emergency department of Yazd in 2018 amounted to 65,061 Dollars (9,759,264,923 Rial). The cost of personnel salaries and benefits was 39669829 Dollars ( 59504743663 Rial). This amount was about 40 % of the total cost of the year for pre-hospital emergency in Yazd city. The average cost of each mission-dispatch was 25 Dollars (3775967 Rial).
Conclusion: This study examines the consequences and costs of per hospital emergency department in Yazd in 2018. The high number of unnecessary calls to Yazd emergency department calls for the need to raise public awareness. Moreover, the lack of need to transfer half of these people to hospital requires training and retraining of telephone triage nurses.
Race and Remdesivir: Examination of Clinical Outcomes in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Cohort in New York City
Authors: Mgbako Ofole , Mehta Monica , Dietz Donald , Neidell Matthew J. , Huang Simian (Esther) , Zucker Jason , Shoucri Sherif , Kubin Christine J. , Castor Delivette 
Published: April 2023

ObjectiveTo compare clinical characteristics and examine in-hospital length of stay (LOS) differences for COVID-19 patients who received remdesivir, by race or ethnicity.DesignRetrospective descriptive analysis comparing cumulative LOS as a proxy of recovery time.SettingA large academic medical center serving a minoritized community in Northern Manhattan, New York City.ParticipantsInpatients (N=1024) who received remdesivir from March 30, 2020–April 20, 2021.MethodsWe conducted descriptive analyses among patients who received remdesivir. Patients were described by proxies of social determinants of health (SDOH): race and ethnicity, residence, insurance coverage, and clinical characteristics. We calculated median hospital LOS as the cumulative incidence of hospitalized patients who were discharged alive, and tested differences between groups by using the Gray test. Patients who died or were discharged to hospice were censored at 29 days.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was hospital LOS. The secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality.ResultsMedian LOS was 11.9 days (95% CI, 10.8-13.2) overall, with Black patients having the shortest (10.0 days, 95% CI, 8.0-13.2) and Asian patients having the longest (16.2 days, 95% CI, 8.3-27.2) LOS. A total of 214 patients (21%) died or were discharged to hospice, ranging from 16.5% to 23.7% of patients who identified as Black and Other (multiracial, biracial, declined), respectively.ConclusionsCOVID-19 has disproportionately burdened communities of color. We observed no difference in median LOS between racial or ethnic groups, which supports the notion that the heterogeneous effect of remdesivir in the literature may be explained in part by underrecruitment or participation of Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients in clinical trials.
Pelaksanaan Kolaborasi dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di Desa Tembokrejo Kecamatan Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Farah Muhammad Arja , Anwar Anwar , Makmur M Hadi 
Published: April 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan pelaksanaan kolaborasi dalam pengelolaan sampah di Desa Tembokrejo Kecamatan Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Tujuan dari kolaborasi ini adalah menyediakan sistem dan model pengelolaan sampah dan menanggulangi pencemaran. Maka dari itu fokus penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa pelaksanaan kolaborasi pengelolaan sampah di Desa Tembokrejo Kecamatan Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi, keabsahan data yang didapat diperikasa dengan teknik triangulasi. Berdasrkan hasil dan analisis data yang telah terkumpul dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan kolaborasi ada beberapa tahap pertama perencanaan tata kelola dan pembuatan kebijakan terkait pengelolaan sampah. kedua sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat desa Tembokrejo terkait dengan pengelolaan sampah. ketiga yaitu pengumpulan, dengan mengambil sampah keempat pengolahan di TPST 3R, sampah yang dikumpulkan dari rumah warga lalu diolah.
Wybrane aspekty funkcjonowania monitoringu wizyjnego w świetle regulacji dotyczących szkół i innych placówek oświatowych
Authors: Radziszewski Tomasz 
Published: April 2023

Opracowanie porusza tematykę funkcjonowania nadzoru wizyjnego na gruncie krajowego porządku prawnego, a w szczególności jego silnej fragmentacji, która jest jednym z głównych problemów związanych z jego funkcjonowaniem. W pracy pojawia się teza, że sfragmentowany zakres normowań stanowi znaczne utrudnienie dla podmiotów wykorzystujących ten środek ochrony, ale co ważniejsze, nie tworzy spójnej całości, pozostawiając w pewnym zakresie nieuregulowanymi między innymi kwestię ochrony praw osób, których wizerunki są obserwowane, rejestrowane lub przetwarzane w sposób umożliwiający identyfikację ich tożsamości, w tym osób przebywających w otwartej i zamkniętej przestrzeni przeznaczonej do użytku publicznego, a także zagadnienie obowiązków administratora monitoringu wykorzystywanego w celach prywatnych, w ramach którego monitorowaniu podlega otwarta przestrzeń publiczna.
Praca na podstawie węzłowej analizy regulacji związanych z funkcjonowaniem monitoringu wizyjnego w szkołach i innych placówkach oświatowych może dać asumpt do dalszych rozważań na temat komplementarności porządku prawnego związanego ze stosowaniem nadzoru wizyjnego do możliwości tych podmiotów, kształtowanych na drodze szybkiego rozwoju technologii informacyjnych.
A Principles – Based Assessment of The Quality of Zimbabwe’s Direct Tax Policy for The Digital Economy
Authors: Ndhlovu Jeffry Tatendashe 
Published: April 2023

Background: In 1998, under the Ottawa framework, the OECD and non-OECD countries agreed that any new taxation rules should adhere to the guiding principles, namely Neutrality, efficiency, certainty and simplicity, effectiveness, fairness flexibility (Cockfield, 2006). In the absence of an international consensus-based – taxation framework for the digital economy, a question arises on whether unilateral measures adopted by countries such as Zimbabwe comply with the principles of a good tax policy.
Objective: The study aimed to examine the quality of Zimbabwe's direct tax policy for the economy based on the principles of a good tax policy prescribed by the Organisation for Economic Cooperations and Development (OECD).
Method: The study was carried out under a pragmatic philosophical view and adopted a quantitative cross-sectional survey as the research design. Data collection was done using closed-ended questionnaires. The study population comprised 250 tax experts drawn from the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) representing tax administrators and private sector tax practitioners representing the taxpayers. Quantitative data was collected from a sample of 146 respondents. Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. Chi-squared test was used to analyze the data in SPSS.
Results: The study revealed that among the overarching principles of a good tax policy, namely (1) Fairness; (2) Certainty and Simplicity; (3) Neutrality; (4) Efficiency, and (5) Effectiveness, Zimbabwe's tax policy for the digital economy only complies with the principles of Fairness, Certainty and Simplicity.
Conclusion: The study established that, to a greater extent, Zimbabwe's tax policy for the digital economy needs to comply with the principles of a good tax policy.
Keywords: digital economy; OECD, principles; taxation; Zimbabwe
PROTEIN CONTENT AND COLOR OF GREEN MACROALGAE Ulva lactuca (L.) ON SOAKING TIME AND DRYING METHOD
Authors: Sefrienda Ardiba Rakhmi , Novianty Hilda , Jasmadi Jasmadi , Suryaningtyas Indyaswan Tegar , Poeloengasih Crescentiana Dewi , Kumayanjati Bayu , Permadi Sandi , Setyono Dwi Eny Djoko 
Published: April 2023

<p>The green macroalgae <em>Ulva lactuca</em> (L.) is a potential alternative protein source. This study investigates the effect of soaking and different drying methods on the protein and color quality of <em>U. lactuca</em>. Moisture and ash content, color, and protein content, i.e., crude protein, in vitro protein digestibility, and protein solubility of the seaweed were determined. In its conduct, fresh <em>U. lactuca</em> was soaked in fresh water for various soaking times (0, 1, 2, and 3 h). Soaking <em>U. lactuca</em> with the highest protein digestibility was selected for further drying method investigation, i.e., sun-drying, shade-drying, and oven-drying at 40°C. The results reveal that soaking treatment did not affect protein quality significantly, but there was a significant effect of soaking treatment on the ash content and color quality of <em>U. lactuca</em>. Among the drying method, sun drying and oven drying resulted in higher in-vitro protein digestibility and protein solubility compared to shade drying. </p>
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Operates as an Intramolecular Nitroxyl Generator During Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming
Authors: Palmieri Erika , Holewinski Ronald , McGinity Christopher , Pierri Ciro , Maio Nunziata , Tragni Vincenzo , Miranda Katrina , Rouault Tracey , Andresson Thorkell , Wink David , McVicar Daniel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
M1 macrophages “commit” to a glycolytic state when endogenous nitric oxide (NO) reprograms mitochondrial metabolism by limiting aconitase (Aco)-2 and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Here we provide evidence that NO directly targets the PDH complex using lipoate to generate nitroxyl (HNO) . PDH E2-associated lipoate is modified in NO-rich macrophages while the PDH E3 subunit is irreversibly inhibited. Mechanistically, we show that lipoate facilitates NO-mediated HNO production that interacts with thiols forming modifications resistant to reduction. Consequently, we reveal a macrophage signature of proteins with reduction resistant modifications, including E3, and identify a subset of potential HNO targets. Consistently, recombinant E3 is modified in HNO-dependent manner at Cys477 and Cys484, and molecular modeling shows these cause impairment of functional E3 homodimer formation. Our work demonstrates that HNO is produced physiologically, and its presence is peculiar to the lipoate rich PDH complex facilitating irreversible modifications critical in NO-dependent metabolic rewiring.
A high-efficient thermoelectric generator with a built-in field
Authors: Zhang Tinggang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An analytical model is developed in this work to evaluate the maximum efficiency of a new thermocouple designed with a built-in electric field. The built-in field in the thermocouple, which is characterized by the electrostatic voltage between the hot-and the cold-sides, is created by the metallurgical junctions formed between the n-and the p-type legs and between these legs and their semiconductor emitters embedded on their exterior surfaces. For the upper bound electrostatic voltage which equals the value of the Seebeck voltage, the analytical model showed that the maximum efficiency can be enhanced up to 2-4 times that of the same thermocouple without the metallurgical junctions. The model further showed that when the mean ZT of the legs was greater than 1.5, the efficiency could be better than a heat engine, which has never been reported. The output power of the thermocouple was also studied and showed a similar trend as that of the maximum efficiency. Numerical simulations conducted on the thermocouple using various combinations of the legs’ and the emitters’ doping densities supported these model predictions. This work indicates that a thermocouple can achieve an efficiency that can exceed that of its legs’ materials or even the Carnot efficiency for a heat engine through design innovation.
Pig model proves that transpulmonary driving pressure is an effective indicator for ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: Li Cong-Ye , Zhang Shou-Qing , Wang Wei , Wu Fang , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Huang Wei-Feng , Shang Jia-Wei , Dong Wei-Hua , Yuan Zi-Ming , Li Ming-Na , Li Feng , Tan Qin , Zhang Xian , Zhou Quan-Hong , Zhang Xiang-Yu 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury is a common therapeutic side effect of acute respiratory distress syndrome and is an unfavourable factor of prognosis. The currently clinically used indicators, plateau pressure and tidal volume, are effective but not perfect to indicate and prevent VILI. This research demonstrates that the transpulmonary driving pressure is a more accurate and correlating factor of the incidence of VILI, and that the current approach of limiting plateau pressure should not be unanimously applied to patients with and patients without Intra-abdominal hypertension.
Shikonin reactivates TSGs GADD45B and PPP3CC to block NSCLC cell proliferation and migration through JNK/P38/MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Zhao Yujia , Wu Dan , Fu Zhenkai , Liu Wenna , Yao Yu , Liang Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Shikonin, a natural naphthoquinone compound extracted from the Chinese traditional herbal medicine "Lithospermum erythrorhizon", possesses antitumor activity against various cancer types. Tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) negatively regulate cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, thereby inhibiting tumor formation. However, the molecular mechanism of action of shikonin on TSGs in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear.
Methods
The inhibitory effect of shikonin on the proliferation and invasion abilities of lung cancer cells were measured by Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8) and wound healing assays. The alteration of genes by shikonin treatment was detected by mRNA high-throughput sequencing and further confirmed by qPCR and western blotting experiments. The dominant functions of the upregulated genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG profiling.
Results
Shikonin inhibited the proliferation and invasion of A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells in a dose-dependent manner. mRNA high-throughput sequencing revealed a total of 1794 upregulated genes in shikonin-treated NSCLC cells. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis of GO and KEGG profiling revealed that the up-regulated genes were mostly involved in the JNK/P38/MAPK signaling pathway, among which the expression of GADD45B and PPP3CC was significantly enhanced. Finally, we confirmed that GADD45B and PPP3CC were indeed upregulated in JNK/P38/MAPK pathway.
Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggested that shikonin might affect the expression of GADD45B and PPP3CC through the JNK/P38/MAPK pathway, therefore exerting an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the role of shikonin in upregulating TSGs to activate the JNK/P38/MAPK signaling pathways in NSCLC.
Interruption of viral interference by anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Gyöngyösi Mariann , Lukovic Dominika , Tonczar Julia Mester , Zlabinger Katrin , Einzinger Patrick , Spannbauer Andreas , Schweiger Victor , Schefberger Katharina , Samaha Eslam , Bergler-Klein Jutta , Riesenhuber Martin , Nitsche Christian , Hengstenberg Christian , Mucher Patrick , Haslacher Helmuth , Breuer Monika , Strassl Robert , Stöckl Elisabeth Puchhammer , Loewe Christian , Beitzke Dietrich , Hasimbegovic Ena , Zelniker Thomas A. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation may be involved in long-COVID symptoms. Here we evaluated reactivation of parvovirus B19 and several viruses of the herpes family in patients with long-COVID syndrome, how vaccination affected viral interference, and how virus reactivation influenced clinical conditions. Clinical and laboratory data on 252 consecutive patients (97 vaccinated and 155 non-vaccinated) were recorded between April 2021–May 2022 (median 243 days post-COVID-19 infection). Viral IgG and IgM titers were compared between vaccinated or non-vaccinated patients, and age and sex-matched healthy controls. Vaccination was associated with significantly less frequent fatigue and multiorgan symptoms (P < 0.001), significantly less cumulative IgM positivity of the investigated viruses, significantly lower plasma levels of IgG subfractions 2 and 4, and significantly lower quantitative Cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG, CMV IgM, and EBV IgM titers. These results indicate that anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination interrupts viral crosstalk in patients with long-COVID syndrome. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05398952)
Understanding material and energy use in the processes of decoupling CO2 emissions from economic growth
Authors: AKDOĞAN TUĞBA , Erkara Elif , Mert Betül , Hiçyılmaz Burcu , Alataş Sedat , Karakaya Etem 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe share of emissions from materials has significantly increased over the last decades and is projected to rise in the coming years unless effective climate policies are developed. In this regard, understanding the environmental effect of material becomes highly crucial for achieving climate goals, especially from the climate mitigation perspective, yet its critical effect on emissions is often overlooked and more attention is heavily paid to the energy-related policies. In this study, to address this shortcoming in the existing literature, we investigate the role of material use on the decoupling process of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) and gross domestic product (GDP) and compare it with the role of energy use in the world's top-19 emitting countries for the period between 1990 and 2019. Methodologically, using the logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) approach, we first decompose CO2emissions into four effects based on the two different model specifications (material- and energy-related models). We secondly determine the impact decoupling status and efforts of countries with two different approaches, i.e., Tapio-based decoupling elasticity and decoupling effort index models. Our decomposition and Tapio-based decoupling elasticity results show that material and energy-related efficiency effects have an inhibitory factor. However, the carbon intensity of materials has not contributed to CO2emissions reduction and impact decoupling progress as much as the carbon intensity of energy has. Decoupling effort index results indicate that while developed countries are making relatively good progress towards decoupling particularly after the Paris Agreement, developing countries need to further improve their mitigation efforts. From the policy perspective, the overall results reveal that designing and implementing some policies only centering energy/material intensity or carbon intensity of energy might not be sufficient to achieve the decoupling of carbon emissions from GDP. Therefore, both energy-related and material-related strategies should be developed and implemented in harmony.JEL Codes:Q56, O13, C33
Dentists’ Knowledge and Preference Regarding Mechanical Gingival Displacement Methods
Authors: Alraheam Islam Abd , Hatter Susan , Al-Asmar Aya , Alhadidi Abeer , Hammour Saif Abu , Aldroubi Amira , Alsawair Faleh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Introduction.
An accurate impression is an essential procedure for fabricating indirect fixed restorations. To achieve an accurate dental impression, the management of gingival tissue is an important step.
Aim.
To evaluate the use of different gingival displacement techniques among group of dental clinicians and the associated knowledge and technique preferences.
Methods.
A self-designed survey was created electronically and sent to a list of dentists. The survey was composed of multiple sections. Participants who stated that they do not use GD methods were asked to answer the survey questions based on their knowledge. Descriptive statistics were generated, and the Chi-square test was used to examine associations between the different variables.
Results.
A total of 188 dentists participated in this study. The majority (76.6%) use GD in their clinics. When asked which technique yields a more accurate impression and a lower incidence of repeating the impression, 64.6% reported that the technique is retraction cords with a hemostatic agent, and only 9.7% said it was retraction paste.
Conclusion.
The cordless GD technique is believed to be easier, faster, and less traumatic to the gingival tissues, nevertheless, the outcome of dental impressions is believed to be more predictable with the use of conventional retraction cords and hemostatic medicaments.
Clinical Characteristics and Human Leukocyte Antigens in patients with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-induced Type 1 Diabetes and Pituitary Dysfunction: A single center prospective study
Authors: Hara Natsuko , Suwanai Hirotsugu , Yakou Fumiyoshi , Ishii Keitaro , Iwasaki Hajime , Abe Hironori , Shikuma Jumpei , Sakai Hiroyuki , Miwa Takashi , Suzuki Ryo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced type 1 diabetes and pituitary dysfunction are life-threatening adverse events, yet there is little clinical data available. We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with these adverse events and report their human leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile to determine its relevance.
Methods
This is a single-center prospective study. We collected clinical and biochemical data and extracted DNA from blood samples. HLA typing was performed using next-generation sequencing. We compared our results with those previously reported in healthy controls and investigated the correlation between HLA and the occurrence of ICI-induced type 1 diabetes and pituitary dysfunction.
Results
We identified 914 patients treated with ICI in our facility from 1st September, 2017 to 30th June, 2022. Six of these patients developed type 1 diabetes and 14 developed pituitary dysfunction. The duration from the initiation of ICI treatment to the onset of type 1 diabetes or pituitary dysfunction averaged 492 ± 196 days and 191 ± 169 days, respectively. Among the six patients with type 1 diabetes, two were positive for anti-GAD antibody. The frequencies of HLA-DR11, -Cw10, -B61, -DRB1*11:01, and -C*03:04 were significantly higher in patients with ICI-induced type 1 diabetes than in controls. The frequencies of HLA-DR15 and -DRB*15:02 were significantly higher in patients with ICI-induced pituitary dysfunction than in controls.
Conclusion
This study revealed the clinical characteristics of type 1 diabetes and pituitary dysfunction induced by ICI and the association between specific HLAs and these adverse events.