bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Maternal Schooling and Occupation on Child-rearing Attitudes and Behaviours in Low Income Neighbourhoods in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: von der Lippe Anna Louise 
Published: July 2002

As a developing country, Egypt and especially Cairo, is in a transitional phase between a traditional and a modern, education-based society and between traditional child-rearing values of passivity and obedience and new demands for academic competence. Education is seen by present day parents as the major vehicle for the future success and happiness of children and much effort is expended toward this goal. Thirty Cairene mothers from low income neighbourhoods with similar housing standards and crowding, but with different levels of education and occupational status were interviewed (1994-95) about socialisation values and practices and observed with their children in order to evaluate how mothers prepare preschoolers for the cognitive demands of school. It was anticipated that educated working mothers would be less traditional and engage their children in more active competence training (mediation of learning experience, MLE, and authoritative child-raising style, AC-R) as a mediator to children’s cognitive competence. These expectations were supported. The 30 mothers were generally found to emphasise a controlling, restricting, and protecting style of child rearing, with moral education, compliance, agreeableness, passivity, and loyalty as ideals. Observation revealed little verbal interaction or stimulation of children. Educated working mothers, however, expressed belief in earlier developmental timetables and endorsed the less traditional values of stimulating and interacting rather than controlling and expecting obedience of the child more than the remaining mothers. Educated working mothers were also more positively verbally interacting with their children during the interview than nonworking low-educated mothers. They scored higher on AC-R and on the MLE categories guiding and expanding in interactive play and these variables were related to the children’s cognitive competence (intelligence scores), also when the mothers’ intelligence was accounted for. Mothers’ educational and occupational levels did not predict children’s cognitive competence directly, suggesting that mothers’ child-rearing behaviours acted as mediators. Fathers’ educational level was not related to the children’s cognitive competence. The results point to the potential benefit of investing in girls’ (and future mothers’) education for the future of their children.
Alcohol harm reduction education in schools: planning an efficacy study in Australia
Authors: MCBRIDE NYANDA T. , MDFORD RICHARD , FARRINGDON FIONA H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project (SHAHRP) is a 4‐year, quasi‐experimental, evidence‐based intervention research study designed to explore the effects of a student‐focused, secondary school, alcohol education intervention in reducing alcohol‐related harm experienced by school students. The SHAHRP study is unusual in that it has a primary aim of harm minimization rather than non‐use or delayed use. The SHAHRP intervention aims to reduce harm by enhancing students' abilities to identify and deal with high‐risk drinking situations particularly likely to be encountered by young people. The intervention involves eight lessons in the first year with five booster lessons in the subsequent year. The SHAHRP research will follow individual students exposed to both the alcohol and health promotion interventions over 3 successive years taking measures in: knowledge; attitudes; patterns of use; context of use; alcohol‐related harm associated with the student' own use; alcohol‐related harm associated with other people's use of alcohol. This paper describes the evidence‐based conceptual components and design of the study by providing a review of the health and drug education literature particularly related to components that have the potential of influencing behaviour.
Une compactification des champs classifiant les chtoucas de Drinfeld
Authors: Lafforgue Laurent 
Published: July 2002

One knows that the notion of Harder–Narasimhan’s canonical polygon allows one to write the stacks classifying Drinfeld’s shtukas of rank at least

2
2

as inductive limits of open substacks of finite type. When there is no level structure, we present here a smooth modular compactification of each such open substack, generalizing Drinfeld’s construction for rank

2
2

. Résumé. On sait qu’en rang au moins

2
2

, la notion de polygone canonique de Harder–Narasimhan permet d’écrire les champs classifiant les chtoucas de Drinfeld comme des réunions filtrantes d’ouverts de type fini. Quand il n’y a pas de structure de niveau, on présente ici une compactification modulaire lisse de chacun de ces ouverts, généralisant celles de Drinfeld en rang

2
2

.
MUTbase: maintenance and analysis of distributed mutation databases.
Authors: Riikonen P , Vihinen M 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
MOTIVATION: To develop tools for the submission of mutations to databases and maintenance of locus-specific mutation databases. Advanced, integrated computer systems are needed to store and organize the increasing mutation information. RESULTS: The MUTbase program suite provides an easy, interactive and quality-controlled submission of information to mutation databases. For further study of the databases on the World Wide Web, a number of tools are provided. The program package also writes and updates a large number of Web pages, e.g. about the distribution and statistics of disease-causing mutations, and changes in restriction patterns.
Semiotes: a semantics for sharing
Authors: Kazic Toni 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Motivation: Reliable, automated communication of biological information requires methods to declare the information’s semantics. In this paper I describe an approach to semantic declaration intended to permit independent, distributed databases, algorithms, and servers to exchange and process requests for information and computations without requiring coordination or agreement among them on universe of discourse, data model, schema, or implementation.
Results: This approach uses Glossa , a formal language defining the semantics of biological ideas, information, and algorithms, to executably define the semantics of complex ideas and computations by constructs of semiotes , terms which axiomatically define very simple notions. A database or algorithm wishing to exchange information or computations maintains a set of mappings between its particular notions and semiotes, and a parser to translate between its indigenous ideas and implementation and the semiotes. Requests from other databases or algorithms are issued as semiotic messages, locally interpreted and processed, and the results returned as semiotes to the requesting entity. Thus, semiotes serve as a shared, abstract layer of definitions which can be computably combined by each database or algorithm according to its own needs and ideas. By combining the explicit declaration of semantics with the computation of the semantics of complex ideas, Glossa and its semiotes permit independent computational entities to lightly federate their capabilities as desired while maintaining their unique perspectives on both scientific and technical questions.
Availability: http://www.ibc.wustl.edu/agora/semiotes/ and files therein.
Contact: toni@athe.wustl.edu
Genetic requirement of p47 phox for superoxide production by murine microglia
Authors: Lavigne Mark C. , Malech Harry L. , Holland Steven M. , Leto Thomas L. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTAn NADPH oxidase is thought to function in microglial cells of the central nervous system. These conclusions are based on pharmacological and immunochemical evidence, although these approaches are indirect and raise issues of specificity. For example, diphenyleneiodonium inhibits a variety of flavoenzymes, including xanthine oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, and NADPH oxidase. Here, we provide genetic evidence that p47 phox, an essential component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is required for superoxide anion release from microglia. Microglia derived from newborn wild‐type mice, but not from newborn p47 phox‐deficient (“knockout”; ‐/‐) mice, produced superoxide after stimulation by opsonized zymosan or phorbol myristate acetate. Endogenous p47 phox was detected only in wild‐type microglia, consistent with selective superoxide production in these cells. Superoxide release was restored in p47 phox‐deficient microglia that were retrovirally transduced with human p47 phox cDNA. Similar kinetics of superoxide generation were observed, consistent with the same enzyme functioning in wild‐type and restored microglia. Immuno‐detection of p47 phox in transduced cells confirmed that restoration of superoxide release correlated with production of recombinant protein. These data provide genetic proof that p47 phox is necessary for superoxide release by microglial cells and indicate that a system related to the phagocyte oxidase is active in these cells.
Structural basis for abrogated binding between staphylococcal enterotoxin A superantigen vaccine and MHC‐IIα
Authors: Krupka Heike I. , Segelke Brent W. , Ulrich Robert G. , Ringhofer Sabine , Knapp Mark , Rupp Bernhard 
Published: July 2002

AbstractStaphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are superantigenic protein toxins responsible for a number of life‐threatening diseases. The X‐ray structure of a staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) triple‐mutant (L48R, D70R, and Y92A) vaccine reveals a cascade of structural rearrangements located in three loop regions essential for binding the α subunit of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC‐II) molecules. A comparison of hypothetical model complexes between SEA and the SEA triple mutant with MHC‐II HLA‐DR1 clearly shows disruption of key ionic and hydrophobic interactions necessary for forming the complex. Extensive dislocation of the disulfide loop in particular interferes with MHC‐IIα binding. The triple‐mutant structure provides new insights into the loss of superantigenicity and toxicity of an engineered superantigen and provides a basis for further design of enterotoxin vaccines.
Mechanism of pressure‐induced thermostabilization of proteins: Studies of glutamate dehydrogenases from the hyperthermophile Thermococcus litoralis
Authors: Sun Michael M.C. , Caillot Raphaele , Mak Gary , Robb Frank T. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of pressure on protein structure and stability at high temperature. Thermoinactivation experiments at 5 and 500 atm were performed using the wild‐type (WT) enzyme and two single mutants (D167T and T138E) of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) from the hyperthermophile Thermococcus litoralis. All three GDHs were stabilized, although to different degrees, by the application of 500 atm. Interestingly, the degree of pressure stabilization correlated with GDH stability as well as the magnitude of electrostatic repulsion created by residues at positions 138 and 167. Thermoinactivation experiments also were performed in the presence of trehalose. Addition of the sugar stabilized all three GDHs; the degree of sugar‐induced thermostabilization followed the same order as pressure stabilization. Previous studies suggested a mechanism whereby the enzyme adopts a more compact and rigid structure and volume fluctuations away from the native state are diminished under pressure. The present results on the three GDHs allowed us to further confirm and refine the proposed mechanism for pressure‐induced thermostabilization. In particular, we propose that pressure stabilizes against thermoinactivation by shifting the equilibrium between conformational substates of the GDH hexamer, thus inhibiting irreversible aggregation.
Fast and efficient molecule delivery into Euglena gracilis mediated by cell‐penetrating peptide or dimethyl sulfoxide
Authors: Gao Pingwei , Sun Chengfu 
Published: March 2023

This study describes the development of two methods for delivering exogenous materials into Euglena gracilis, a unicellular flagellate organism. We report that the use of Pep‐1, a short cell‐penetrating peptide (CPP), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can mediate fast and efficient intracellular delivery of exogenous materials into E. gracilis, achieving cellular entry efficiency as high as 70–80%. However, compared with human cells, the penetration of this algal cell with CPP requires a much higher concentration of purified proteins. In addition, upon convenient treatment with DMSO, E. gracilis cells can efficiently adsorb exogenous proteins and DNA with 10% DMSO as the optimal concentration for Euglena cells. Our results provide more options for the E. gracilis transformation ‘toolkit box’ and will facilitate future molecular manipulations of this microalgal organism.
Pre‐fire grazing and herbicide treatments can affect post‐fire vegetation in a Great Basin rangeland
Authors: Gornish Elise S. , Guo Jessica S. , Porensky Lauren M. , Perryman Barry L. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractManagement of wildfire associated with spread of the highly invasive annual grassBromus tectorum(cheatgrass) is a critical need in the western U.S.We investigated the utility of coupling common rangeland management strategies pre‐fire to modify post‐fire plant community outcomes. We used a long‐term, large‐scale experiment to test the separate and combined effects of pre‐fire targeted grazing (spring and fall), native plant seeding (seeding rate, seed coating and spatial seeding arrangement) and herbicide (glyphosate followed by 2 years of imazapic) on post‐fire plant community outcomes in a highly invaded system in the Great Basin, U.S.We found grazing and herbicide effects were consistent across cheatgrass biomass, count, and cover. Spring grazing reduced cheatgrass more effectively than fall grazing; however, this effect was detected primarily outside of the seeding treatments. Herbicide overall and in conjunction with grazing reduced cheatgrass and fuel loads. Among seeding treatments, seed mixtures proved more effective than monocultures for reducing both cheatgrass count and cover, particularly when combined with low seed rate. However, many seeding approaches resulted in higher cheatgrass dominance, and thus higher fuel loads.This work suggests that effects of pre‐fire herbicide for reducing cheatgrass abundance can persist post‐fire. Grazing, however, might not produce consistent results, and season of grazing can affect outcomes. Employing pre‐fire management strategies to interrupt the cheatgrass‐fire cycle may have utility. Some of our treatments were able to reduce cheatgrass abundance after fire, but despite our intensive interventions, we did not find a strategy that led to full restoration of native perennial species.
Design and Applications of Low‐Temperature Hydrogen‐Fed Fuel Cell Stacks
Authors: Barbera Orazio , Giacoppo Giosuè 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Designing a low‐temperature hydrogen fuel cell stack is a multidisciplinary activity. It involves knowledge of electrochemistry, mechanics, and thermodynamics. To explain the conceptual path that leads from a single cell to a complete power system, however, it is necessary to make a historical excursus and then show the essential information regarding thermodynamics, the components of a fuel cell stack system, and its applications. These are the keys to this article. The historical excursus helps understand how much time this technology needed and the steps necessary so far to reach today's level of maturity. A review of electrochemistry and thermodynamics is essential for understanding the design process. It starts with the choice of the stack architecture, which determines the characteristics and functions of the main components: electrochemical components (electrode and polymer electrolyte) and hardware components (bipolar plates, clamping plates, current collectors, and gaskets). Once the architecture is defined, it is possible to calculate the electrical parameters of the fuel cell stack (voltage and current), the active area of the single cell, the number of cells, and the cell voltage. However, this is not enough for an exhaustive discussion. It is necessary to illustrate the transition from the stack to the fuel cell system. Therefore the most significant components to support the operation of the stack (the “balance of plant”); and the applications of fuel cell systems in automotive, stationary, and portable contexts are the last and no less significant arguments.
A hybrid deep learning framework driven by data and reaction mechanism for predicting sustainable glycolic acid production performance
Authors: Zhou Xin , Li Zhiyang , Feng Xiang , Yan Hao , Chen De , Yang Chaohe 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSelective oxidation at low temperatures without alkali of biomass is a promising and sustainable avenue to manufacture glycolic acid (GA), a biodegradable functional material to protect the environment. However, producing glycolic acid with high selectivity and yield using the traditional research and development approach is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. To this context, a hybrid deep learning framework driven by data and reaction mechanisms for predicting GA production was proposed, considering the lack of related reaction mechanisms in the machine learning algorithms. The proposed hybrid deep learning framework involves the kinetic reaction mechanism, catalyst properties, and reaction conditions. Results showed that the fully connected residual network exhibited superior performance (average R2 = 0.98) for the prediction of conversion rate and product yields. Then, the multi‐objective optimization and experimental verification guided the research are carried out. The experimental verification is comparable to the modeling results, with errors of less than 4% for conversion rate and GA yields. The life cycle assessment further identifies that using the optimized operating parameters, the fossil energy demand and greenhouse emissions have decreased by 2.96% and 3.00%, respectively. This work provides new insight and strategy to accelerate the engineered selective oxidation for desired GA production.
DFT Studies on Ligand Controlled Highly Selective Copper‐Catalyzed Borylations of Allenes
Authors: Hong Shichao , Zhang Xue 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe mechanism of the Cu‐catalyzed borylations of allenes with bis (pinacolato) diboron has been studied by DFT calculations. The possible pathways involve two key steps, borylcupration and γ‐protonolysis. Computed results show that the γ‐protonolysis step is not only the rate‐limiting step but also determines the regioselectivity. When employing monophosphine P(p‐MeOC6H4)3 as the ligand, the electronic and steric effects are both effective in the control of regio‐ and stereoselectivity; however, for sterically hindered bulky bisphosphine ligand BIPHEP, it is the steric hindrance that reverses the regioselectivity of the γ‐protonolysis process.
Catalytic Homologation‐Allylboration Sequence for Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Densely Functionalized β‐Fluorohydrins with Tertiary Fluoride Stereocenters
Authors: Wang Qiang , Eriksson Lars , Szabó Kálmán J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHomologation of trisubstituted fluoroalkenes followed by allylboration of aldehyde, ketone and imine substrates is suitable for synthesis of β‐fluorohydrin and amine products. In the presence of (R)‐iodo‐BINOL catalyst enantioselectivities up to 99 % can be achieved by formation of a single stereoisomer with adjacent stereocenters, of which one is a tertiary C−F center.
A facile fabrication of zinc oxide‐doped carbon aerogel by cellulose extracted from coconut peat and sodium alginate for energy storage application
Authors: Duy Pham Hoang Anh , Tu Phan Minh , Son Tran Thanh , Dat Nguyen Minh , Nam Nguyen Thanh Hoai , Cong Che Quang , Hai Nguyen Duy , An Hoang , Huyen Nguyen Thi Thanh , Minh Phan Pham Duc , Son Nguyen Truong , Phong Mai Thanh , Hieu Nguyen Huu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this study, ZnO‐doped carbon aerogel is synthesized from cellulose in coconut peat with sodium alginate as a binder via both freeze‐drying and pyrolysis processes. Of those, zinc nitrate is used as not only a crosslinking agent to form gel but also a precursor source to dope ZnO in the carbon aerogel matrix. The effect of precursor ratios on the characterization and energy storage capacity of composite aerogel is investigated. As a result, it is indicated that the formed ZnO‐doped carbon aerogel possesses a highly porous structure which is typical for aerogel structure shown by SEM images, density, and porosity. Besides, via the XRD patterns, the confirmation of the ZnO crystal structure is found within the carbon aerogel lattice. In terms of energy storage, based on the specific capacitance results, the ZCA‐4 sample with a sodium alginate and cellulose weight ratio of 1:20 shows the best energy storage with a specific capacitance of 105 F/g in the voltage range of 0–0.5 V and scan‐rate speed of 0.005 V. Therewithal, the ZCA‐4 also performs high durability, high scanning speed tolerance, and stable storage performance with efficiency reaching more than 99% after 500 consecutive scan cycles. These results demonstrate that the ZnO‐doped carbon aerogel has potential applications as electrode materials in supercapacitors.
An efficient strategy triggered crosslinking of polyethylene and its application in degassing‐free ultrahigh voltage power cables
Authors: Sun Wu‐Ji , Liu Xiong‐Jun , Yuan Li‐Juan , Xiao Han , Lu Jian‐Mei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPolyethylene has excellent electrical insulation, but its low thermal stability and breakdown strength limit its application in the field of high‐voltage (HV) and ultrahigh voltage (UHV) power cables. In this work, we have developed a new organic peroxide, 2,5‐dimethyl‐2,5‐di(tert‐butylperoxy) hexane (Bi25), which can efficiently trigger the crosslinking of polyethylene (Bi25‐XLPE). Bi25‐XLPE does not produce gas byproducts and has a longer scorching time. All performance of Bi25‐XLPE sheets fulfill the standard of the 500 kV power cable insulation due to the void‐free nature, higher crosslinking density and crystallinity. In addition, one 500 kV power cable model was constructed by COMSOL, which confirmed the breakdown strength (up to 61.66 kV/mm) and stability of Bi25‐XLPE.
Reproductive maturity and sexual dimorphism of a population of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus from a Restinga area in southeastern Brazil (Serpentes: Typhlopidae)
Authors: Khouri Rebeca Stella , Almeida‐Santos Selma Maria , Fernandes Daniel Silva 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural history data are important for a better understanding of distinct aspects of snake biology, and this information in scarce on Scolecophidia. Here we focus on sexual maturity and sexual dimorphism within a population of Amerotyphlops brongersmianus from the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The smallest sexually active male and female showed snout‐vent length of 117.5 and 158.4 mm, respectively. Females had statistically significant larger body and head length sizes, whereas males had longer tails. Juveniles showed no sexual dimorphism for any analyzed feature. Secondary vitellogenic follicles had a more opaque, yellowish/darker aspect, being larger than 3.5 mm. We reinforce that in addition to traditional features for determining sexual maturity, morphological and histological characteristics of kidneys should be evaluated in males, as well as the morphology of the infundibulum in females. Histological data show development of seminiferous tubules and presence of spermatozoa in males, and infundibulum receptacles and uterine glands in females as a sign of sexual maturity. This type of information is essential for a more accurate description of data on sexual maturity, allowing access to information on the development of reproductive structures that are not available macroscopically.