bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundant Sulfitobacter marine bacteria protect Emiliania huxleyi algae from pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Beiralas Roni , Ozer Noy , Segev Einat 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Emiliania huxleyi is a unicellular micro-alga that forms massive oceanic blooms and plays key roles in global biogeochemical cycles. Mounting studies demonstrate various stimulatory and inhibitory influences that bacteria have on the E. huxleyi physiology. To investigate these algal-bacterial interactions, laboratory co-cultures have been established by us and by others. Owing to these co-cultures, various mechanisms of algal-bacterial interactions have been revealed, many involving bacterial pathogenicity towards algae. However, co-cultures represent a significantly simplified system, lacking the complexity of bacterial communities. In order to investigate bacterial pathogenicity within an ecologically relevant context, it becomes imperative to enhance the microbial complexity of co-culture setups. Phaeobacter inhibens bacteria are known pathogens that cause the death of E. huxleyi algae in laboratory co-culture systems. The bacteria depend on algal exudates for growth, but when algae senesce, bacteria switch to a pathogenic state and induce algal death. Here we investigate whether P. inhibens bacteria can induce algal death in the presence of a complex bacterial community. We show that an E. huxleyi-associated bacterial community protects the alga from the pathogen, although the pathogen occurs within the community. To study how the bacterial community regulates pathogenicity, we reduced the complex bacterial community to a five-member synthetic community (syncom). The syncom is comprised of a single algal host and five isolated bacterial species, which represent major bacterial groups that are naturally associated with E. huxleyi. We discovered that a single bacterial species in the reduced community, Sulfitobacter pontiacus, protects the alga from the pathogen. We further found that algal protection from P. inhibens pathogenicity is a shared trait among several Sulfitobacter species. Algal protection by bacteria might be a common phenomenon with ecological significance, which is overlooked in reduced co-culture systems.
Energy losses in photovoltaic generators due to wind patterns
Authors: Rossa Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPreviously, in small scale demonstrations, researchers have increased photovoltaic efficiency through cooling by enhancing heat transfer from panels to the air through wind speed. Here I show in the real-world operation of a larger scale photovoltaic generator that increases in wind speed can lead to small but notable energy losses, reflected in the mismatch losses directly derived from the operating voltage of each module. Temperature distribution was measured simultaneously with the operating voltages, alongside the local wind speed and direction. Temperature differences arose from the variable heat transfer throughout the panel, depending on the wind incidence. This affected the operating temperature of each module, consequently affecting their operating voltage and the overall mismatch losses with losses increasing by up to 0.28%. My results suggest that wind patterns cannot be neglected, considering long-term energy estimations and the lifespan of a photovoltaic power plant.
Impact of Environmental Factors on the ACL Injury Risk in
Recreational Alpine Skiing
Authors: Posch Markus , Ruedl Gerhard , Greier Klaus , Faulhaber Martin , Tecklenburg Katja , Schranz Alois , Schliernzauer Birgit , Burtscher Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recreational alpine skiing, an ACL injury represents the most common injury.
Skiing is a complex activity where the skier interacts with the environment,
such as weather, snow conditions, temperature, etc. Thus, the aim of this study
was to evaluate the potential impact of environmental factors on ACL injury risk
in recreational alpine skiers. Among a cohort of 392 ACL-injured skiers and 392
uninjured controls matched for sex and skiing skill, environmental factors were
collected by questionnaire. Factors included weather conditions, snow
conditions, perceived temperature, and slope difficulty at the time-point of the
accident (ACL-injured skiers) or of questioning during the ski day (uninjured
controls).Multiple logistic regression revealed that in addition to age, five environmental
factors were significantly predictive of an ACL injury: fresh snow (OR 10.5),
grippy snow (OR 7.8), icy slope condition (OR 12.4), very cold/cold
perceived temperature (OR 1.6), and skiing on easy slopes (OR 6.9). In
conclusion, besides age, environmental factors such as fresh and grippy snow,
icy slope conditions, low temperatures, and flat slopes are associated with an
increased ACL injury risk in recreational alpine skiing. Those factors are at
least partly modifiable and should be taken into consideration for preventive
strategies.
Einfluss von Hydrotherapie auf die Fatigue-Symptomatik – ein
narratives Review
Authors: Kuchler Ronja , Loudovici-Krug Dana , Best Norman , Derlien Steffen , Kühnemund Josephine , Lemhöfer Christina 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Fatigue kann im Rahmen eines chronischen
Müdigkeitssyndroms mit erheblichen Einschränkungen für
Aktivität und Teilhabe einhergehen. Hydrotherapeutische
Maßnahmen können einen positiven Effekt auf das vegetative
Nervensystem haben. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Darstellung des
Einflusses hydrotherapeutischer Maßnahmen auf die
Fatigue-Symptomatik.
Materialien und Methode Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in drei
elektronischen Datenbanken nach randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, die
Hydrotherapie an Patienten untersuchten. Die relevanten Daten wurden extrahiert
und qualitativ ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse 137 Studien wurden gefunden, von denen acht in die Untersuchung
eingeschlossen werden konnten. Alle Publikationen analysierten den Effekt von
Vollbädern – zum Teil kombiniert mit weiteren Therapien
– auf die Fatigue-Symptomatik und weitere Parameter wie z. B.
Schmerz. Patienten mit Hydrotherapie zeigten in allen Untersuchungen im
Vergleich zu Patienten ohne Behandlung signifikant verbesserte Ergebnisse in den
untersuchten Parametern.
Schlussfolgerung Hydrotherapie ist ein sicheres und einfach anzuwendendes
Verfahren und scheint einen positiven Effekt auf die Fatigue-Symptomatik zu
haben. Weitere große Untersuchungen, mit objektiven Messparametern, sind
notwendig, um eine reliable Beurteilung zur Wirksamkeit geben zu
können.
Review: Disposable Duodenoscopes in the Era of Climate Change—A Global Perspective
Authors: Darak Harish , Giri Suprabhat , Sundaram Sridhar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography remains a major interventional procedure in gastroenterology clinical practice. There have been concerns of hospital related infections secondary to the reusable duodenoscopes despite optimal strategies for high-level disinfection. While there are have been potential changes in duodenoscope design with availability of disposable caps, the increased risk of infection has led to the advent of single-use duodenoscopes in clinical practice. This innovation may help reduce infections due to duodenoscope reprocessing, while ensuring optimal performance similar to reusable duodenoscopes. However, their impact on the environment and overall carbon footprint has not been discussed. Moreover, disposable duodenoscopes are costly equipments. In developing countries with low income and poor insurance coverage, the clinical utility of this equipment is yet to be ascertained. With major push for Go-Green initiatives by various governments, there has to be clarity on not just use but also disposal and recycling of disposable duodenoscopes. In this narrative review, we discuss the role of disposable duodenoscopes in clinical practice in this era of climate change from the Indian perspective.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Effective for Postcolectomy Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Cho Janice , Roque Maria Vazquez , Orenstein Robert , Loftus Edward V. , DiBaise John , Pardi Darrell S. , Khanna Sahil 
Published: September 2023

Background The outcomes from fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in patients after complete or partial colectomy are not well-defined.
Objectives We sought to report our experience with FMT for rCDI in patients who have undergone colectomy.
Methods Descriptive analyses of FMT outcomes from 2014 to 2020 were performed in patients who previously had undergone complete or partial colectomy.
Results Twenty-nine patients with prior colectomy for inflammatory bowel disease, malignancy, slow-transit constipation refractory to medical therapy, or fulminant CDI underwent FMT for rCDI. Two patients (6.9%) had rCDI within 8 weeks post-FMT. Seven had CDI beyond 8 weeks (median 10 months) with 71% related to antibiotic exposure post-FMT, suggesting a 69% overall success.
Conclusion FMT resolves rCDI in most patients after colectomy with subsequent antibiotic exposure predicting CDI after FMT.
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Ulcerative Colitis: An Ambispective Study from a Single Center
Authors: Bhatia Sumit , Jena Anuraag , Kudva Ranjini , Pai C. Ganesh 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background and Objectives Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is often detected in colonic tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Its role as a “bystander” or “culprit” in ulcerative colitis (UC) flares is unclear. The aim of the study is to detect the prevalence and outcomes of CMV infection in UC
Materials and Methods All adult patients (both retrospective and prospective), diagnosed with UC in a tertiary care center, were included. Patients underwent colonic biopsies for histopathological examination for CMV. CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) was also tested to ascertain seroprevalence in this population. CMV infection was defined as presence of CMV inclusions in histopathology. Treatment outcomes were defined as remission, clinical improvement, and partial response. The number of flares and outcomes of disease activity in terms of flare of disease, hospitalization, need of colectomy, and mortality was noted at follow-up.
Results A total of 58 patients of UC were included (mean age was 37.3 years, males—66%). Serum CMV IgG was positive in all patients. Twelve patients (20.6%, 9 males) with active UC were found to have CMV infection in histopathology specimens with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Two-third of patients (8/12) had severe disease, while the remaining (4/12) had moderate disease activity. Nine patients (9/12) with CMV colitis achieved complete remission with standard treatment without antiviral therapy. Of the three patients who needed antiviral therapy, two underwent colectomy in follow-up. CMV-positive patients to be predominantly male (p = 0.58) had more frequent relapses (p = 0.08) and were hospitalized for their flares (p = 0.06) when compared with CMV-negative patients. None of these factors were found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion CMV infection was found in one-fifth of patients of UC with flare. All patients with CMV infection had moderate-to-severe disease. Majority achieved remission without the need of antiviral therapy.
A Practical Guide for Plagiarism Detection Through the Coordinated Use of Software and (Human) Hardware
Authors: Misra Durga Prasanna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDuplication of content, whether it be text, figures, tables, or ideas, without duly referencing the original source of such content is called as plagiarism. Plagiarism of text can be flagged by similarity checking software. Careful curating of content before it is put into similarity checking software for screening as well as a thorough understanding of how such software works are essential to appropriately interpret such similarity check reports. Mere similarity is not plagiarism. Drawing an inference regarding plagiarism based on the output of similarity checking software requires considerable human input from editors and reviewers. Identification of plagiarism of figures, tables, and ideas almost entirely depends on the efforts of editors or reviewers rather than being detectable automatically. A thorough understanding of plagiarism is essential for prospective authors to safeguard against this academic sin.
A Novel Portable, Mobile MRI: Comparison with an Established Low-Field Intraoperative MRI System
Authors: Bossert Sharon , Unadkat Prashin , Sheth Kevin N. , Sze Gordon , Schulder Michael 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) using low-magnet field strength has unique advantages for intraoperative use. We compared a novel, compact, portable MR imaging system to an established intraoperative 0.15 T system to assess potential utility in intracranial neurosurgery.
Methods Brain images were acquired with a 0.15 T intraoperative MRI (iMRI) system and a 0.064 T portable MR system. Five healthy volunteers were scanned. Individual sequences were rated on a 5-point (1 to 5) scale for six categories: contrast, resolution, coverage, noise, artifacts, and geometry.
Results Overall, the 0.064 T images (M = 3.4, SD = 0.1) had statistically higher ratings than the 0.15 T images (M = 2.4, SD = 0.2) (p < 0.01). All comparable sequences (T1, T2, T2 FLAIR and SSFP) were rated significantly higher on the 0.064 T and were rated 1.2 points (SD = 0.3) higher than 0.15 T scanner, with the T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences showing the largest increment on the 0.064 T with an average rating difference of 1.5 points (SD = 0.2). Scanning time for the 0.064 T system obtained images more quickly and encompassed a larger field of view than the 0.15 T system.
Conclusions A novel, portable 0.064 T self-shielding MRI system under ideal conditions provided images of comparable quality or better and faster acquisition times than those provided by the already well-established 0.15 T iMR system. These results suggest that the 0.064 T MRI has the potential to be adapted for intraoperative use for intracranial neurosurgery.
Review: Microbial Therapeutics for Liver Disease
Authors: Philips Cyriac Abby , Augustine Philip 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe human gut contains many microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. Patients with liver disorders have altered intestinal flora and disrupted gut barriers. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of many liver disorders is apparent from preclinical models and clinical studies. High-quality studies showed that people with acute or chronic liver disorders of various etiologies, such as non–alcohol- and alcohol-related liver disease, chronic hepatitis virus infection, chronic cholestatic liver disease, and liver cirrhosis and related complications, have less diverse gut flora and associated perturbed microbial functional metabolism. In this review, we discuss unique therapeutic strategies for various liver diseases that involve manipulating the gut microbiota using various methods. We provide a summary of the most recent information on untargeted methods for treating liver illnesses, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and precision microbiome-centered treatments (e.g., engineered microbes). Recent research suggests that altering the gut microbiota in various ways might slow the onset of liver disease and lessen the associated clinical complications. Growing evidence suggests that antimicrobial therapy with rifaximin can beneficially alter the gut microbiome to reduce hepatic encephalopathy, portal hypertension, and systemic inflammation in decompensated cirrhosis. At the same time, a healthy donor stool transplant improves transplant-free survival in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis, prevents hepatic encephalopathy, and reduces incident and intercurrent infections and multidrug resistance in decompensated cirrhosis.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Managing Grade IV and V Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Ramirez Velandia Felipe , Gomez Cristancho David Camilo , Urrego Nieto Andres , Marquez Isabel , Restrepo Martinez Alejandra , Becerra Ospina Jaime Eduardo , Pérez Rodriguez Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurgical treatment of high-grade spondylolisthesis is controversial and aims at restoring the spinopelvic sagittal balance through complete or partial reduction of the listhesis. Nerve decompression and interbody fusion are necessary for patients presenting with neurological deficit, severe pain, lower limb asymmetry, or deformities. We present the case and the results of a patient with high-grade spondylolisthesis, in whom minimally invasive management was performed. A narrative review in this topic is also provided.We performed a literature review of high-grade spondylolisthesis to compare our technique to current surgical alternatives. We included articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ovid, and Science Direct published between 1963 and 2022 that were written in English, German, and Spanish. The terms used were the following: “high grade spondylolisthesis,” “spondyloptosis,” “surgical management,” “interbody fusion,” and “arthrodesis.” In all, 485 articles were displayed, from which we filtered 112 by title and abstract. At the end, 75 references were selected for the review.Different interbody fusion techniques can be used to correct the lumbosacral kyphosis and restore the spinopelvic parameters. A complete reduction of the listhesis is not always required. The surgical procedure carried out in our patient corresponds to the first known case of minimally invasive circumferential arthrodesis with iliac screws and sacral fixation in a high-grade dysplastic spondylolisthesis. This approach guarantees the correction of the lumbosacral kyphosis and a complete reduction of the listhesis. Further studies are required to determine whether the results of this case can be extrapolated to other patients with high-grade spondylolisthesis.
Pulse Pressure Variance (PPV)-Guided Fluid Management in Adult Patients Undergoing Supratentorial Tumor Surgeries: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gopal Janani , Srivastava Shashi , Singh Nidhi , Haldar Rudrashish , Verma Ruchi , Gupta Devendra , Mishra Prabhakar 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Appropriate fluid management in neurosurgery is critical due to the risk of secondary brain injury. Determination of volume status is challenging with static variables being unreliable. Goal-directed fluid therapy with dynamic variables allows reliable determination of fluid responsiveness and promises better outcomes. We aimed to compare the intraoperative fluid requirement between conventional central venous pressure (CVP)-guided and pulse pressure variance (PPV)-guided fluid management in supratentorial tumor surgeries.
Materials and Methods This prospective, randomized, double-blind, single-center trial was conducted with 72 adults undergoing supratentorial tumor surgery in a supine position. Patients were divided into two groups of 36 patients each receiving CVP- and PPV-guided fluid therapy. The CVP-guided group received boluses to target CVP greater than 8 mm Hg along with hourly replacement of intraoperative losses and maintenance fluids. The PPV-guided group received boluses to target PPV less than 13% in addition to maintenance fluids. Total intraoperative fluids administered and the incidence of hypotension was recorded along with the brain relaxation score. Postoperatively, serum lactate levels, periorbital and conjunctival edema, as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed.
Statistical Analyses All statistical analyses were performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version-20 (SPSS-20, IBM, Chicago, Illinois, United States). To compare the means between the two groups (CVP vs. PPV), independent samples t-test was used for normal distribution data and Mann–Whitney U test for nonnormal distribution data. The chi-square test or Fischer's exact test was used for categorical variables.
Results The CVP group received significantly more intraoperative fluids than the PPV group (4,340 ± 1,010 vs. 3,540 ± 740 mL, p < 0.01). Incidence of hypotension was lower in the PPV group (4 [11.1%] vs. 0 [0%], p = 0.04). Brain relaxation scores, serum lactate levels, periorbital and conjunctival edema, and incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were comparable between the groups.
Conclusion The requirement for intraoperative fluids was less in PPV-guided fluid management with better hemodynamic stability, adequate brain conditions, and no compromise of perfusion.
Emergence Patterns from General Anesthesia after Epilepsy Surgery: An Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Venkatraghavan Lashmi , Bhardwaj Suparna , Banik Sujoy , Chowdhury Tumul , McAndrews Mary Pat , Valiante Taufik 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective Emergence from anesthesia starts from the limbic structures and then spreads outwards to brainstem, reticular activating systems, and then to the cortex. Epilepsy surgery often involves resection of limbic structures and hence may disrupt the pattern of emergence. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern of emergence from anesthesia following epilepsy surgery and to determine associated variables affecting the emergence pattern.
Setting and Design Tertiary care center, prospective observational study.
Materials and Methods We conducted a prospective observation pilot study on adult patients undergoing anterior temporal lobectomy and amygdalohippocampectomy for epilepsy. Anesthesia management was standardized in all patients, and they were allowed to wake up with “no touch” technique. Primary outcome of the study was the pattern of emergence (normal emergence, agitated emergence, or slow emergence) from anesthesia. Secondary outcomes were to explore the differences in preoperative neuropsychological profile and limbic structure volumes between the different patterns of emergence. Quantitative variables were analyzed using Student's t-test. Qualitative variables were analyzed using chi-square test.
Results Twenty-nine patients completed the study: 9 patients (31%) had agitated emergence, and 20 patients had normal emergence. Among the agitated emergence, 2 patients had Riker scale of 7 indicating violent emergence. Patient demographics, anesthetic used, neuropsychological profile, and limbic structure volumes were similar between normal emergence and agitated emergence groups. However, two patients who had severe agitation (Riker scale of 7) had the lowest intelligence quotient.
Conclusion Our pilot study showed that emergence agitation is not uncommon in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. However, due to smaller sample size, the role of preoperative neuropsychologic profile and hippocampal volumes in predicting the pattern of emergence is inconclusive.