bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between the race implicit association test and other measures of implicit and explicit social cognition
Authors: Pennington Charlotte R. , Ploszajski Matthew , Mistry Parmesh , NgOmbe Nicola , Back Charlotte , Parsons Sam , Shaw Daniel J. 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundThe race-based Implicit Association Test (IAT) was proposed to measure individual differences in implicit racial bias subsumed within social cognition. In recent years, researchers have debated the theoretical tenets underpinning the IAT, questioning whether performance on this task: (1) measures implicit attitudes that operate automatically outside of conscious awareness; (2) reflects individual differences in social cognition; and (3) can predict social behavior. One way to better address these research questions is to assess whether the race-IAT correlates with other implicit processes that are subsumed within social cognition.AimsThe current study assessed whether the race-IAT was related to other commonly used individual difference measures of implicit (and explicit) social cognition. Experiment 1 assessed whether dissociable patterns of performance on the race-IAT were related to measures of implicit imitative tendencies, emotion recognition and perspective taking toward White task actors, as well as explicit measures of trait and state affective empathy and racial bias. Overcoming limitations of task conceptual correspondence, Experiment 2 assessed whether these latter tasks were sensitive in detecting racial biases by using both White and Black task actors and again examined their relationships with the race-IAT.MethodIn two lab-based experiments, 226 and 237 participants completed the race-IAT followed by an extensive battery of social cognition measures.ResultsAcross both experiments, pro-White/anti-Black bias on the race-IAT was positively related to a pro-White bias on explicit measures of positive affective empathy. However, relationships between the race-IAT and implicit imitative tendencies, perspective taking, emotion recognition, and explicit trait and negative state affective empathy were statistically equivalent.ConclusionThe race-IAT was consistently related to explicit measures of positive state affective empathy but not to other individual difference measures of implicit social cognition. These findings are discussed with regards to the theoretical underpinnings of the race-IAT as an individual difference measure of implicit social cognition, as well as alternative explanations relating to the reliability of social cognition measures and the various combinations of general-purpose (social and non-social) executive processes that underpin performance on these tasks.
Emotional cherry picking: the role of personality and goal orientation in selective emotion regulation for musical practice
Authors: Breaden Madden Gerard , Herff Steffen A. , Beveridge Scott , Jabusch Hans-Christian 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionEmotion regulation is an important part of optimising performance and successful goal pursuit in practice-based tasks such as making music. Musicians may regulate their own emotions during the course of their musical practice in order to improve their performance and ultimately attain their practice-related goals. The specific emotions they target may depend upon their personality traits but may also relate to the nature of their goal orientation, and the interaction between the two. This study investigates whether the emotions desired by musicians in their musical practice were dependent on their personality traits and Mastery goal orientation (the desire to master musical and technical skills).MethodsVia an online questionnaire, 421 musicians completed a personality scale and answered questions relating to their mastery practice goals. They also completed emotion scales indicating how strongly they desired to increase or decrease the intensity of specific emotions when practicing.ResultsOverall, musicians preferred to up-regulate positive rather than negative emotions [paired t(420) = 58.13, p &lt; 0.001]. Bayesian Mixed Effects models showed that personality traits affected musicians’ desire to regulate specific emotions. For example, higher levels of Agreeableness predicted greater desire to increase positive but not negative emotions, whereas Extraversion predicted greater desire to increase anger [Est. = 0.05, SE = 0.03, Odds (Est. &gt; 0) = 43.03] but not positive emotions. The inclusion of Mastery goal orientation either amplified or mitigated these effects in several cases, and also introduced new trait-emotion relationships. Findings confirm a general hedonic principle underlying the emotions musicians desired in their musical practice. However, predicted by personality traits, musicians also sometimes sought to increase the intensity of unpleasant emotions.DiscussionThese findings complement existing research that suggests that some Mastery-oriented musicians may seek an emotional state consisting of both positive and negative emotions. This and future studies on this topic may contribute to a better understanding of individual differences in emotion regulation ability as a potential aspect of individualised musical practice strategies.
Patterns of engagement in a digital mental health service during COVID-19: a cohort study for children and young people
Authors: Bernard Aynsley , de Ossorno Garcia Santiago , Salhi Louisa , John Ann , DelPozo-Banos Marcos 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic increased public use of digital mental health technologies. However, little is known about changes in user engagement with these platforms during the pandemic. This study aims to assess engagement changes with a digital mental healthcare service during COVID-19.MethodsA cohort study based on routinely collected service usage data from a digital mental health support service in the United Kingdom. Returning users aged 14–25 years that interacted for a maximum of two months were included. The study population was divided into pre-COVID and COVID cohorts. Demographic and usage information between cohorts were compared and usage clusters were identified within each cohort. Differences were tested using Chi-squared, two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests and logit regressions.ResultsOf the 624,103 users who joined the service between May 1, 2019, and October 1, 2021, 18,889 (32.81%) met the inclusion criteria: 5,048 in the pre-COVID cohort and 13,841 in the COVID cohort. The COVID cohort wrote more journals; maintained the same focus on messaging practitioners, posting discussions, commenting on posts, and having booked chats; and engaged less in writing journals, setting personal goals, posting articles, and having ad-hoc chats. Four usage profiles were identified in both cohorts: one relatively disengaged, one focused on contacting practitioners through chats/messages, and two broadly interested in writing discussions and comments within the digital community. Despite their broad similarities, usage patterns also exhibited differences between cohorts. For example, all four clusters had over 70% of users attempting to have ad-hoc chats with practitioners in the pre-COVID cohort, compared to one out of four clusters in the COVID cohort. Overall, engagement change patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic were not equal across clusters. Sensitivity analysis revealed varying strength of these defined clusters.DiscussionOur study identified changes in user activity and engagement behavior within a digital mental healthcare service during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings suggest that usage patterns within digital mental health services may be susceptible to change in response to external events such as a pandemic. Continuous monitoring of engagement patterns is important for informed design and personalized interventions.
Time doesn’t heal all: PTSD symptoms exacerbate the relationship between age and pain intensity
Authors: O’Connor Victoria , Rowland Jared A. , Naylor Jennifer C. , Magnante Anna T. , Craig Katherine M. , Miskey Holly M. ,   VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Workgroup
Published: July 2023

ObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and pain interfere with daily functioning and quality of life for many combat Veterans. As individuals age, pain symptoms tend to increase whereas PTSD symptoms tend to decrease. PTSD symptoms exacerbate pain, but the nature of this relationship across the aging process is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine how PTSD symptoms affect the association between age and pain intensity.MethodsParticipants in this cross-sectional study included 450 Veterans (80% male) who served after September 11, 2001. PTSD and pain intensity ratings were assessed by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), respectively. Hierarchical multiple linear regression evaluated main and interaction effects between age, PTSD symptoms, and pain intensity.ResultsAge (B = 0.04, p &lt; 0.001) and PTSD symptoms (B = 0.05, p &lt; 0.001) were positively associated with pain intensity. Age and PTSD symptoms were inversely correlated (r = −0.16, p &lt; 0.001). PTSD symptoms exacerbated the relationship between age and pain intensity (ΔR2 = 0.01, p = 0.036). Specifically, when greater PTSD symptoms were reported at older ages, pain intensity was significantly higher.ConclusionResults of these analyses suggests that age is important when considering the effects of PTSD symptoms on pain intensity ratings. Specifically, pain intensity ratings are higher in older Veterans with PTSD symptoms. These findings underscore the importance for clinical providers to evaluate trauma history and PTSD symptoms in older Veterans reporting pain symptoms.
Association between work stress and mental health in Chinese public health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic: mediating role of social support and self-efficacy
Authors: Dong Yinqiao , Zhu Qianqian , Chang Ruijie , Wang Rongxi , Cai Yong , Huang Hong 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundLittle is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying the association between work stress and mental health, especially among primary public health workers (PHWs). We aimed to evaluated the association between work stress and mental health among PHWs, and explore the mediating roles of social support and self-efficacy.MethodsA large-scale cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3,809 PHWs from all 249 community health centers in 16 administrative districts throughout Shanghai, China. Pearson correlation and hierarchical linear regression were used to explore the associations among work stress, social support, self-efficacy and mental health. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the mediation effects.ResultsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms among primary PHWs was 67.3 and 55.5%, respectively. There is a significant positive direct effect of work stress on mental health (β = 0.325, p &lt; 0.001). Social support and self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between work stress and mental health, respectively. Meanwhile, the chained mediating effects of social support and self-efficacy also buffered the predictive effects of work stress on anxiety and depression symptoms (β = 0.372, p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionWork stress has significant direct and indirect effects on mental health among primary PHWs. Enhancing social support and self-efficacy may be effective psychological interventions to mitigate the effects of work-related stress on mental health. These findings highlight the severity of mental health problems among primary public health workers and provide new evidence for early prevention and effective intervention strategies.
Establishing the Swiss Spinal Tumor Registry (Swiss-STR): a prospective observation of surgical treatment patterns and long-term outcomes in patients with primary and metastatic spinal tumors
Authors: Nevzati Edin , Poletti Nicolas , Spiessberger Alexander , Bäbler Sabrina , Studer Gabriela , Riklin Christian , Diebold Joachim , Chatain Grégoire P. , Finn Michael , Witt Jens-Peter , Moser Manuel , Mariani Luigi 
Published: July 2023

BackgroundTumors of the vertebral column consist of primary spinal tumors and malignancies metastasizing to the spine. Although primary spine tumors are rare, metastases to the spine have gradually increased over past decades because of aging populations and improved survival for various cancer subtypes achieved by advances in cancer therapy. Metastases to the vertebral column occur in up to 70% of cancer patients, with 10% of patients demonstrating epidural spinal cord compression. Therefore, many cancer patients may face spinal surgical intervention during their chronic illness; such interventions range from simple cement augmentation over decompression of neural elements to extended instrumentation or spinal reconstruction. However, precise surgical treatment guidelines do not exist, likely due to the lack of robust, long-term clinical outcomes data and the overall heterogeneous nature of spinal tumors. Objectives of launching the Swiss Spinal Tumor Registry (Swiss-STR) are to collect and analyze high-quality, prospective, observational data on treatment patterns, clinical outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in adult patients undergoing spinal tumor surgery. This narrative review discusses our rationale and process of establishing this spinal cancer registry.MethodsA REDCap-based registry was created for the standardized collection of clinical, radiographic, surgical, histological, radio-oncologial and oncological variables, as well as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).DiscussionWe propose that the Swiss-STR will inform on the effectiveness of current practices in spinal oncology and their impact on patient outcomes. Furthermore, the registry will enable better categorization of the various clinical presentations of spinal tumors, thereby facilitating treatment recommendations, defining the socio-economic burden on the healthcare system, and improving the quality of care. In cases of rare tumors, the multi-center data pooling will fill significant data gaps to yield better understanding of these entities. Finally, our two-step approach first implements a high-quality registry with efficient electronic data capture strategies across hospital sites in Switzerland, and second follows with potential to expand internationally, thus fostering future international scientific collaboration to further push the envelope in cancer research.
Chios Mastic Gum: Chemical Profile and Pharmacological Properties in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From the Past to the Future
Authors: Ottria Roberta , Xynomilakis Ornella , Casati Silvana , Abbiati Ezio , Maconi Giovanni , Ciuffreda Pierangela 
Published: July 2023

Chios mastic gum, the product of the tree Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia, has been used for more than 2500 years in traditional Greek medicine for treating several diseases, thanks to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of its components. Despite the long-time use of mastic in gastroenterology and in particular in chronic-inflammation-associated diseases, to date, the literature lacks reviews regarding this topic. The aim of the present work is to summarize available data on the effects of P. lentiscus on inflammatory bowel disease. A comprehensive review of this topic could drive researchers to conduct future studies aimed at deeply investigating P. lentiscus effects and hypothesizing a mechanism of action. The present review, indeed, schematizes the possible bioactive components of mastic gum. Particular care is given to P. lentiscus var. Chia medicaments’ and supplements’ chemical compositions and their pharmacological action in inflammatory bowel disease.
Insight into the Mechanism of Interactions between the LL-37 Peptide and Model Membranes of Legionella gormanii Bacteria
Authors: Pastuszak Katarzyna , Kowalczyk Bozena , Tarasiuk Jacek , Luchowski Rafal , Gruszecki Wieslaw I. , Jurak Małgorzata , Palusinska-Szysz Marta 
Published: July 2023

Legionella gormanii is a fastidious, Gram-negative bacterium known to be the etiological agent of atypical community-acquired pneumonia. The human cathelicidin LL-37 exhibits a dose-dependent bactericidal effect on L. gormanii. The LL-37 peptide at the concentration of 10 µM causes the bacteria to become viable but not cultured. The antibacterial activity of the peptide is attributed to its effective binding to the bacterial membrane, as demonstrated by the fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. In this study, to mimic the L. gormanii membranes and their response to the antimicrobial peptide, Langmuir monolayers were used with the addition of the LL-37 peptide to the subphase of the Langmuir trough to represent the extracellular fluid. The properties of the model membranes (Langmuir monolayers) formed by phospholipids (PL) isolated from the L. gormanii bacteria cultured on the non-supplemented (PL−choline) and choline-supplemented (PL+choline) medium were determined, along with the effect of the LL-37 peptide on the intermolecular interactions, packing, and ordering under the monolayer compression. Penetration tests at the constant surface pressure were carried out to investigate the mechanism of the LL-37 peptide action on the model membranes. The peptide binds to the anionic bacterial membranes preferentially, due to its positive charge. Upon binding, the LL-37 peptide can penetrate into the hydrophobic tails of phospholipids, destabilizing membrane integrity. The above process can entail membrane disruption and ultimately cell death. The ability to evoke such a great membrane destabilization is dependent on the share of electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and Lifshitz–van der Waals LL-37−PL interactions. Thus, the LL-37 peptide action depends on the changes in the lipid membrane composition caused by the utilization of exogenous choline by the L. gormanii.
Two-Dimensional Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Study of Mass Transfer in a Hollow-Fiber Dialysis Module Coupled with Ultrafiltration Operations
Authors: Ho Chii-Dong , Tu Jr-Wei , Chen Yih-Hang , Chew Thiam Leng 
Published: July 2023

This research theoretically and experimentally develops a hollow-fiber dialysis module coupled with ultrafiltration operations by introducing a trans-membrane pressure during the membrane dialysis process, which can be applied to the waste metabolic end products in the human body for improving the dialysis efficiency. The solutes were transported by both diffusion and convection from the concentration driving-force gradient between retentate and dialysate phases across the membrane, compared to the traditional dialysis processes by diffusion only. A two-dimensional modeling of such a dialysis-and-ultrafiltration system in the hollow-fiber dialysis module was formulated and solved using the stream function coupled with the perturbation method to obtain the velocity distributions of retentate and dialysate phases, respectively. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the effect of ultrafiltration on the dialysis rate in the hollow-fiber dialyzer with ultrafiltration operations. A highest level of dialysis rate improvement up to about seven times (say 674.65% under Va=20 mL/min) was found in the module with ultrafiltration rate Vw=10 mL/min and membrane sieving coefficient θ=1, compared to that in the system without operating ultrafiltration. Considerable dialysis rate improvements on mass transfer were obtained by implementing a hollow-fiber dialysis-and-ultrafiltration system, instead of using the hollow-fiber dialyzer without ultrafiltration operation. The experimental runs were carried out under the same operating conditions for the hollow-fiber dialyzers of the two experimental runs with and without ultrafiltration operations for comparisons. A very reasonable prediction by the proposed mathematical model was observed.
Kepentingan Nasional Indonesia Menolak Ratifikasi Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)
Authors: Subagyo Agus , Primawanti Henike 
Published: July 2023

Salah satu perjanjian internasional dibawah WHO yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan masyarakat adalah FCTC (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) yang bertujuan melindungi umat manusia di dunia dari ancaman dampak dari konsumsi rokok dan implikasi paparan asap rokok. Sampai dengan saat ini, Indonesia merupakan satu-satunya negara di Benua Asia yang belum meratifikasi FCTC. Penelitian ini ingin mencari jawaban atas pertanyaan mengapa Indonesia menolak ratifikasi FCTC? Dalam menjawab pertanyaan ini maka dipergunakan landasan teori politik luar negeri James S Rosenau. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia menolak ratifikasi FCTC disebabkan oleh faktor sistemik (berupa FCTC dipandang sebagai rezim global Barat yang akan menguasai pasar tembakau Indonesia), faktor governmental (berupa penolakan Kementerian Industri dan Perdagangan karena FCTC merugikan ekonomi nasional), faktor societal (berupa tekanan dari kelompok petani tembakau terhadap FCTC), dan faktor idiosinkretik (nilai, pengalaman, dan relasi anggota parlemen dengan petani tembakau). Novelty yang ditemukan adalah pemerintah Indonesia lebih memilih kepentingan ekonomi (economic interest), dibandingkan dengan kepentingan kesehatan publik (publik health interest).
Kata Kunci: Kepentingan Nasional, Ratifikasi, FCTC.
Analisis Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Dalam Sengketa Wilayah Perbatasan Kashmir
Authors: Rizki Khairur , Muquita Namira Risqi Putri 
Published: July 2023

This paper aims to show human rights violations that occurred in the Kashmir border area. Kashmir is a disputed area in South Asia between India and Pakistan. The dispute occurred due to complex historical factors that led to conflict between the Indian government and the Kashmiri Muslim community. For Kashmiri Muslims, the Kashmir region is not only a place of origin but also representing social structure and identity. The escalation of the conflict also triggering persecution toward Kashmiri Muslims led to protests in various forms. Protests and demonstrations were also carried out because of the many human rights violations committed by the Indian government against the Kashmiri Muslim community. Human rights violations also continue to occur to the Kashmiri community who protest. This paper uses one theory and one concept, the conflict theory by Karl Marx to explain the conflicts that occurred and the concept of Human Rights to analyze the various human rights violations that occurred. The results of this study indicate that the Kashmiri Muslim community has experienced various human rights violations committed by the Indian authorities.
Keywords: Conflict, Human Rights Violation, India, Kashmir, Pakistan