bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newborn care practices at home and health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Abay Tedros Hailu , Hadush Marta Yemane , Berhe Amanuel Hadgu , Gebremariam Dawit Seyoum , Zelelew Yibrah Berhe , Beyene Selemawit Asfaw , Medhanyie Araya Abraha , Gebregziabher Fisseha Ashebir , Berhe Tirhas Asmelash 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background: The Most Vulnerable age group for child survival is neonatal period. In 2019, Newborn deaths accounted to nearly half of under-5mortality with 2.4 million deaths Worldwide. (1) The estimated neonatal mortality rate of Ethiopia is 30 deaths per 1000 live births. (3). The aim of this study is to assess the Newborn care practices at home and public health care system in Tigray.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted with two techniques: focused group discussions and in depth interviews. Five zones from Tigray region were included in the study. A total of 16 focused group discussions and 46 in depth interviews were conducted among community representatives and health workers. Collected data was discussed, recorded data was transcribed ATLAS ti software was used for coding themes and experiences. The transcribed data were analyzed using an inductive approach. Before coding, the themes were identified and thoroughly discussed.
Results: Community perspective: Despite satisfactory knowledge of the community on basic new born care and harmful traditional practices, there is still significant and unresolved problem with the practices. Financial and social factors were found to affect the active participation of parents especially the mother in care of the baby in the facility. Health care professionals perspective: Unlike Facility births, weight measurement practice for home births is variable with most being not weighed. There are missed home births despite presence of home birth notification framework. HEWs do postnatal care using scheduled home visit care package. Up-referral continuum of care and referral feedback from hospitals is poor. Widespread shortages of electric power, phototherapy machine, and lack of awareness on the community side on care of preterm and LBW babies are among the findings. Economic insecurity and social factors were critical factors affecting parents experience.
Conclusion: As the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health focuses on decreasing the huge Neonatal mortality rate, improving the newborn care practices both at home and in health facilities would be important. It is necessary to invest on strengthening the HEP and Health education programs and have an actionable strategy with dedicated resources to provide effective services at facility level.
Evaluation of the causal effect of maternal education on the utilisation of maternal health services in Bangladesh using an observational study - a comparison of different propensity score methods and covariate adjustment
Authors: Akter Ema , Hossain Aniqa Tasnim , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Rahman M. Shafiqur , Arifeen Shams El , Rahman Ahmed Ehsanur , Ahmed Anisuddin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background Assessing maternal health care utilisation is imperative for the health of both mother and her child. Maternal education is an important determinant in subsequent maternal health care usage, according to research. There is a dearth of research on the causal relationship between maternal education and maternal health services as well as examining the performance of different propensity score methods for estimating absolute effects. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the effect of maternal education on usage of maternal health services minimising the confounding effect and to examine the ability of different propensity score approaches to estimate absolute effects of maternal education on usage of maternal health services. Methods We used data from a cross-sectional study conducted by icddr,b in Bangladesh. A total of 1300 recently delivered mothers were included in this study. We used four propensity score methods to estimate the causal effect of maternal education on receiving maternal health services, including propensity score (PS) matching, PS weighting (average treatment effect and average treatment effect among the treated), covariate adjustment using PS, as well as used multiple logistic regression. Results The study revealed highly imbalanced possible confounding factors for mothers' educational level, which might lead to erroneous estimates. All methods indicate a significant effect of maternal education on maternal health services where mothers exposed to secondary or higher levels of education were more likely to have four or more ANC, delivered at facility, PNC within 42 days as well as receiving all maternal health services compared to the mothers who have below secondary level of education. The PS weighting provides better estimates with a low range of confidence interval. Conclusions The results provided important insights on how well these techniques worked to reduce confounding variables and achieve precise estimates. All methods indicated a significant causal effect of maternal education on the usage of maternal health services. However, propensity score weighting method performed better in terms of providing more precise estimates with a narrower range of confidence intervals, indicating that this method may be a reliable approach for estimating the causal effect of maternal education on maternal health service utilisation.
An assessment of Spatio-temporal Forest covers Changes Impacts on Land Degradation and Its Consequences in Gida Ayana District, Ethiopia Using Geoinformatics Techniques
Authors: Mondal¹ Md Surabuddin , Warku² Fikadu , Kappas³ Martin , Nagasa² Milkessa Dangia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The study have been examined the impact of spatio-temporal forest cover change on land degradation and its consequences using geospatial technology. The multi-temporal satellite images of Landsat TM of 1985, Landsat ETM + of 2000, and Landsat OLI/TIR of 2020 with spatial resolution of 30 meters have been used to map potential and actual land degradation. Major biophysical factors (vegetation condition, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope factor, and population density) for land degradation were compiled and analyzed for final modeling. Vegetation condition have been computed from Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and NDVI. LULC have been classified into five LULC classes i.e., grassland, farmland, forest, wetland and settlement, while NDVI classes were very low, low, medium, high, very high vegetation cover. Probability rank weighted approaches have been applied in this study during the overlay analysis in ArcGIS environment. The results have shown that there was major expansion of farmland areas in the last 35 years of analysis period i.e., from 52.10% in 1985 to 53.87% in 2000 and 61.47% in 2020, while there was a high degradation in the area of forest land in 35 years of analysis period i.e., from 34.36% in 1985 to 32% in 2000 and 21.68% in 2020. The actual and potential land degradation values in each year shows that there was significant increment in area of degradation (very high degradation was 74,827 ha in 1985, 80,956 ha in 2000, 91,483 ha in 2020 for actual one, two, and three respectively and very high degradation 79,376 ha in 1985, 82,320 ha in 2000 and 83,431 ha in 2020 for potential one, two and three respectively. The above time series land degradation increment trend in the study area for actual and potential was due to high deforestation, intensive agricultural expansion, and increment of the human and livestock population in the study period. Direct beneficiaries of this study will include recourses manager, regional planner as well as scientific community.
Night-Time Light-Traps and Push-Pull Integrated System Enhanced the Control of Different Life Stages of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Gebreziher Haftay Gebreyesus , Gebreazgaabher Fissiha Gebreyesus 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Maize, Zea mays L (Cyperales: Poaceae), is one of the major cereal crops grown in Ethiopia for its food and feed values. Recently, the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) has become a major challenge to maize production threatening smallholder farmers in the country. Developing effective and smallholder farmers-friendly integrated pest management of FAW is vital. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of night-time light-traps and push-pull integrated system on controlling different life stages (adult, larvae and eggs) of FAW.
Results
A significantly greater number of FAW moths were captured on traps placed outside maize field plots treated with a light-trap and push-pull integrated system than on traps placed outside maize monocrop, light-trap and push-pull treated plots during the 2018 and 2019 experiment seasons. As a result, a significantly lower number of moths were found inside maize field plots treated with light-trap and a push-pull integrated system than the other treatments. The levels of FAW eggs and larvae infestation were significantly lower in maize plots treated with a light-trap and push-pull integrated system than in maize monocrops, push-pull, and light-trap treated plots. The proportion of plants damaged by FAW larvae was significantly lower in maize plots treated with a light-trap and push-pull integrated system relative to maize plots treated with the other treatments.
Conclusion
This study proved that a system integrating night-time light-traps and push-pull system results in a better and more effective control of different stages of FAW than push-pull system and night-time light-traps alone.
Colorectal cancer and therapy response: a focus on the main mechanisms involved
Authors: Tirendi Sara , Marengo Barbara , Domenicotti Cinzia , Bassi Anna M. , Almonti Vanessa , Vernazza Stefania 
Published: July 2023

IntroductionThe latest GLOBOCAN 2021 reports that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most CRC cases are sporadic and associated with several risk factors, including lifestyle habits, gut dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress.AimTo summarize the biology of CRC and discuss current therapeutic interventions designed to counteract CRC development and to overcome chemoresistance.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted using PubMed and focusing the attention on the keywords such as “Current treatment of CRC” or “chemoresistance and CRC” or “oxidative stress and CRC” or “novel drug delivery approaches in cancer” or “immunotherapy in CRC” or “gut microbiota in CRC” or “systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials” or “CSCs and CRC”. The citations included in the search ranged from September 1988 to December 2022. An additional search was carried out using the clinical trial database.ResultsRounds of adjuvant therapies, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are commonly planned to reduce cancer recurrence after surgery (stage II and stage III CRC patients) and to improve overall survival (stage IV). 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in combination with other cytotoxic drugs, is the mainstay to treat CRC. However, the onset of the inherent or acquired resistance and the presence of chemoresistant cancer stem cells drastically reduce the efficacy. On the other hand, the genetic-molecular heterogeneity of CRC often precludes also the efficacy of new therapeutic approaches such as immunotherapies. Therefore, the CRC complexity made of natural or acquired multidrug resistance has made it necessary the search for new druggable targets and new delivery systems.ConclusionFurther knowledge of the underlying CRC mechanisms and a comprehensive overview of current therapeutic opportunities can provide the basis for identifying pharmacological and biological barriers that render therapies ineffective and for identifying new potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for advanced and aggressive CRC.
Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) for Seaweed Conservation: Impact on Physicochemical Characteristics and Microbiological Activity
Authors: Moreira-Leite Bruno , Antunes Rafael , Cotas João , Martins Nuno , Costa Nuno , Noronha João P. , Mata Paulina , Diniz Mário 
Published: July 2023

Conventional conservation techniques such as drying, salting or freezing do not allow for preserving the original characteristics of seaweeds. The present work aims to study the impact of minimal processing, in particular “Modified Atmosphere Packaging” (MAP), on the physicochemical characteristics and food safety of two seaweed species, “laver” (Porphyra umbilicalis) and “sea-lettuce” (Ulva lactuca), stored at 6 °C for 15 days. Different parameters were evaluated using analytical methods, namely the composition of headspace gases, color, texture, microorganisms, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The main findings of this study were that the MAP treatment was able to inhibit the respiration rate of minimally processed seaweeds, also preserving their color and texture. There was a remarkable reduction in the microbial load for P. umbilicalis treated under modified and vacuum atmospheres, and U. lactuca exhibited relatively steady values with no notable differences between the treatments and the control. Therefore, during the 15-day study period, both seaweeds met the requirements for food safety. GC–TOF-MS allowed to conclude that both MAP and vacuum treatments were more efficient in maintaining the odor characteristics of U. lactuca compared to P. umbilicalis with no significant differences throughout the storage days. Metabolic responses to diverse sources of abiotic stress seemed to account for most of the changes observed.
December 2019-Printed Issue
Authors:   Patient Safety Authority
Published: July 2023

<p><br>We are proud to announce the publication of the second issue of our journal, <em>Patient Safety</em>. You can read it now at no charge at <a href=“https://gcc01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpatientsafetyj.com%2F&data=02%7C01%7Ccaiallen%40pa.gov%7C1484948c86134ed9461408d782626cad%7C418e284101284dd59b6c47fc5a9a1bde%7C0%7C1%7C637121231550449870&sdata=Uas1KHtF%2BrSEoNN8UqXLU1XclBU8kZ7GdOCATUBE6Qk%3D&reserved=0”>PatientSafetyJ.com</a> or download a PDF.</p> <p>Each issue of <em>Patient Safety</em> delivers high-quality content, including evidence-based research articles and advanced analytics; interviews with leaders in their fields; editorials to spark discussion on hot-button topics, and inspiring patient commentaries—such as our cover story by Kristin Aaron, who shares how her son’s tragic healthcare journey has transformed patient safety.</p> <p>Other highlights in the December issue include an interview with Kathleen Noonan, CEO of the Camden Coalition of Healthcare Providers, about meeting the complex needs of an at-risk population; a data analysis on events related to telemetry monitoring; a research article about an initiative that used trigger tools to decrease adverse drug events; a look at suicide prevention strategies; and much more!</p> <p>You can also be a part of <em>Patient Safety</em> by sharing it with your friends, family, colleagues, students, and patients! Together we save lives.</p>
Nanoscale Distribution of Elements in Gold: Examples from Contrasting Deposit Types
Authors: Tait Kimberly T. , White Lee F. , Hastie Evan C.G. , Crabtree David C. , Gibson Harold L. , Sherlock Ross L. , Petrus Joseph A. , Langelier Brian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractQuantifying the distribution and nature of trace elements in native gold is a novel approach to understanding the genesis of gold deposits and has implications for metallogenic processes, mineral exploration, and metallurgical processing. Most previous research on the formation of gold deposits has utilized proxies for gold, rather than gold itself, to infer its source, transport, and depositional mechanisms, despite the difficulty in establishing unequivocal relationships among the proxies and gold. This approach has left many questions regarding the formation of high-grade coarse gold. This contribution presents results on the composition and distribution of trace elements in native gold using electron probe microanalysis and, for the first time, atom probe tomography. Gold grains selected are from a deformed and metamorphosed Archean orogenic gold deposit (Preston Mine) and a young, undisturbed epithermal gold deposit (McLaughlin mine) which are endmembers in terms of deposit type and geologic time. Results show that Cu, Ag, and Hg are homogenously distributed in gold while Sb is not, which raises questions regarding the substitution mechanisms of large radii metallic elements in gold. These data provide new insights into the incorporation of trace elements in gold, as well as primary and secondary processes related to the formation of high-grade gold deposits through time.
Un livre d’Évangiles à l’épreuve des sens (ms. Paris, Arsenal, 592)
Authors: Voyer Cécile 
Published: July 2023

Le livre des Évangiles conservé à Paris à la Bibliothèque de l’Arsenal sous la cote 592 est un manuscrit remarquable à plus d’un titre. Le présent article qui n’a pas vocation à analyser le codex dans sa globalité est centré sur quatre scènes qui constituent un sous-ensemble dans le manuscrit : l’Inhumation du Christ, la Visite des trois Marie au tombeau, l’Apparition aux apôtres et l’Incrédulité de saint Thomas. Toutes consacrées au mystère pascal, elles se distinguent des autres enluminures par la présence d’inscriptions particulières dans le champ de la représentation. Ces images, à notre connaissance uniques, sont exemplaires pour notre propos parce qu’elles sollicitent les sens du lecteur/spectateur afin de re-créer le contexte sensoriel dans lequel il a été mis en présence du divin et de la connaissance.
Recent progress and future directions of the research on nanoplastic-induced neurotoxicity
Authors: Han Seung-Woo , Choi Jinhee , Ryu Kwon-Yul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMany types of plastic products, including polystyrene, have long been used in commercial and industrial applications. Microplastics and nanoplastics, plastic particles derived from these plastic products, are emerging as environmental pollutants that can pose health risks to a wide variety of living organisms, including humans. However, it is not well understood how microplastics and nanoplastics affect cellular functions and induce stress responses. Humans can be exposed to polystyrene-microplastics and polystyrene-nanoplastics through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact. Most ingested plastics are excreted from the body, but inhaled plastics may accumulate in the lungs and can even reach the brain via the nose-to-brain route. Small-sized polystyrene-nanoplastics can enter cells by endocytosis, accumulate in the cytoplasm, and cause various cellular stresses, such as inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress with generation of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial dysfunction. They induce autophagy activation and autophagosome formation, but autophagic flux may be impaired due to lysosomal dysfunction. Unless permanently exposed to polystyrene-nanoplastics, they can be removed from cells by exocytosis and subsequently restore cellular function. However, neurons are very susceptible to this type of stress, thus even acute exposure can lead to neurodegeneration without recovery. This review focuses specifically on recent advances in research on polystyrene-nanoplastic-induced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Furthermore, in this review, based on mechanistic studies of polystyrene-nanoplastics at the cellular level other than neurons, future directions for overcoming the negative effects of polystyrene-nanoplastics on neurons were suggested.
Mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage: a new target for therapeutic intervention
Authors: Chen Yiyang , Tang Wenxuan , Huang Xinqi , An Yumei , Li Jiawen , Yuan Shengye , Shan Haiyan , Zhang Mingyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage is a life-threatening condition with a high fatality rate and severe sequelae. However, there is currently no treatment available for intracerebral hemorrhage, unlike for other stroke subtypes. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy likely relate to the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage. Mitophagy, or selective autophagy of mitochondria, is an essential pathway to preserve mitochondrial homeostasis by clearing up damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy markedly contributes to the reduction of secondary brain injury caused by mitochondrial dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage. This review provides an overview of the mitochondrial dysfunction that occurs after intracerebral hemorrhage and the underlying mechanisms regarding how mitophagy regulates it, and discusses the new direction of therapeutic strategies targeting mitophagy for intracerebral hemorrhage, aiming to determine the close connection between mitophagy and intracerebral hemorrhage and identify new therapies to modulate mitophagy after intracerebral hemorrhage. In conclusion, although only a small number of drugs modulating mitophagy in intracerebral hemorrhage have been found thus far, most of which are in the preclinical stage and require further investigation, mitophagy is still a very valid and promising therapeutic target for intracerebral hemorrhage in the long run.
Role of N-formyl peptide receptor 2 in germinal matrix hemorrhage: an intrinsic review of a hematoma resolving pathway
Authors: Flores Jerry , Tang Jiping 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGerminal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States, with little progress made in its clinical management. Blood clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after germinal matrix hemorrhage, by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus development. Current evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic stroke. Various articles have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stimulating the polarization of microglia cells into the M2 phenotype, as it has been suggested that they play an essential role in the rapid phagocytosis of the blood clot after hemorrhagic models of stroke. N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been shown to be neuroprotective after stroke. FPR2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance, yet its mechanism has not been fully explored. Recent literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor CD36. Scavenger receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after germinal matrix hemorrhage. FPR2 has been shown to phosphorylate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which then promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) gene. In this review, we present an intrinsic outline of the main components involved in FPR2 stimulation and hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage.