bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Soil Shear Strength using Dolomite Lime at Agriculture Road in Sungai Balang, Muar
Authors: Mansor Nur Shahelly Mansor Mohamad , Talib Zaihasra Abu , Nazri Rabiatul Adawiyyah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In civil engineering, soft soil is the most common soil that has a problem occurring. The objectives of this study are to determine the basic and engineering properties of the soil, soil shear strength before and after lime stabilization for Sg. Balang, Muar area and effect of curing time for lime stabilisation. Samples were collected in Sg. Balang, Muar, where an agricultural road was damaged. The purpose of this study was to improve the shear strength of the soil by using dolomite lime. Core cutter method was chosen to collect undisturbed sample from agriculture road. The lime samples containing 3%, 6%, and 9% were utilized to stabilize the soil. The laboratory tests involve in this study are dry and wet sieve, cone penetration test, plastic limit test and unconfined compression test. The result shows that the soil can be classified as silty soil based on USCS classification. The specific gravity of the soil was 2.69. The results also indicate that the initial shear strength was 69.52 kN/m2, and that it increased to 81.78 kN/m2, 128.98 kN/m2, and 166.79 kN/m2 with the addition of 3%, 6%, and 9% of lime, respectively. The shear strength of soil increased with the percentage of lime used, with higher shear strength after 9% lime addition. The shear strength of soil also increased with day of curing.
Volumetric Analysis of Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) Using Viatop Premium and Lycal Resin As Additive
Authors: Effendy R H F , Siswanto H , Rahardjo B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The level of road damage in Indonesia is high, with 31.91% of roads in a damaged condition. The highest-impacting factors of road pavement damage are traffic volume and climate. One type of pavement mixture that performs well is Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA), despite its weakness, namely the draindown property. The draindown can be overcome by adding a stabilizer or a binder absorber. Viatop premium is a cellulose fiber that can act as a binder absorber, however, it is not locally available. Lycal resin as a viscosity booster is a polymer that is flexible, has a high elastic modulus, and can be used as an alternative binder stabilizer. This research aims to evaluate the performance of SMA with the use of premium viatop and the addition of lycal resin. The premium viatop content used is 0.3% while the lycal content in the SMA mixture used in this research is 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% of the asphalt weight. The results of this research indicate that lycal resin increases the Marshall stability (3.58%-17.35%), flow (16.20%-33.20%), VIM (4.23%-15.81%), VMA (0.85%-3.18%), while VFB decreases.of SMA (1.20%-3.80). The best lycal resin content is 1.55% of the asphalt weight. The addition of lycal resin in SMA increases the resistance of the asphalt mixture to asphalt draindown.
Hydraulic Characteristics of Vegetated Channel along Persiaran Gaafar Baba at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Campus
Authors: Ahmad N A , Liaw L , Ali Z M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
An increased in pavement surface around the Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) campus have affected the natural resiliency of the ecosystem, which has incurred the risk of flooding. This study examines the hydraulic characteristics of a vegetated channel situated along Persiaran Tun Gaafar Baba at the main campus of (UTHM). In order to accomplish this goal, flow measurements resulting from several rainfall events were taken along a 54 m for vegetated Channel A and 16 m for vegetated Channel B. To evaluate the impact of different bed surface conditions, data was collected from a vegetated channel, including measurements of cross-sectional profile, flow depth, velocity, and species of vegetation. According to the results of this investigation, Manning’s coefficient relationship and velocity distribution were established with correlation R2 values exceeding 90%. The vegetated channel’s velocity was found to vary between 0.163 m/s and 0.337 m/s. However, Manning’s coefficient along the vegetated channel was reported to range from 0.074 to 0.374. When the velocity and Manning’s coefficient values were compared to those of Urban Storm Water Management (MSMA) and standard charts, it was determined that all values are acceptable. Therefore, a vegetated channel may effectively attenuate flow to avoid water overflow at the main stormwater runoff catchment pond.
Distribution of Rainfall in Pahang, Malaysia: Trends and Characteristics
Authors: Ali Z M , Abd Rahman S N , Tan L W , Ahmad N A , Adib M R M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pahang has experienced frequent flooding due to climate change, natural variability, and extreme weather, leading to loss of life and property damage. This study analyzes rainfall trends and distribution from 1992 to 2021 at four stations in Pahang using the Mann-Kendall statistical test. Kg Cherating records the highest and most variable rainfall, with frequent extreme events. Gg Brinchang shows the highest annual and monthly totals, consistently surpassing 3000 mm annually and 400 mm monthly, with peaks above 800 mm, indicating significant variability. Pos Iskandar and JPS Temerloh exhibit lower and more stable rainfall patterns, with annual totals between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. Pos Iskandar has slightly higher monthly variability than Temerloh, with occasional peaks above 400 mm. Despite slight positive or negative trends at some stations, no statistically significant long-term annual or seasonal rainfall trends were observed, except for Pos Iskandar, which shows a significant increase in monthly rainfall. These findings highlight stable rainfall patterns for JPS Temerloh, Kg Cherating, and Gg Brinchang. To enhance understanding of rainfall dynamics, further analysis of Pahang’s dry and wet seasons is recommended.
Numerical and Experimental Modelling on Floating Particle Submergence Trajectory
Authors: Wong L , Jamal M H , Kasiman E H , Ishak D S M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Floating marine debris causes environmental pollution, risk health and damage coastal structures. Recent research employed physical and numerical techniques to identify the drift of floating debris, but the effect of submergence has yet been explored. This study proposed a numerical approach utilizing the existing algae module in TELEMAC-2D to evaluate the trajectory of submerged, partial submerged and fully floating particle and verified with experimental observations. Blue Kenue was used as the pre-processor to set-up the model domain. Simulated water depth and current velocity agrees well with the measured values. Existing particle advection transport model which is a combination of drag momentum and Basset forces captured the trajectory for submerged objects. The axial displacement of floating particles less than fluid density was overestimated by 9% to 20% difference between simulated and measured values. This study proves that the existing particle transport model in TELEMAC-2D is applicable in submerged floating object trajectory prediction and the output from this study can be useful in mitigating debris flows in the environment.
The impact of saltwater intrusion on the crop areas at Pantai Punggur, Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Mohd-Zulkifli N F , Musa S , Nabihah-Azmi N A , Ahmad-Uma M H , Zainudin M S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Saltwater intrusion has been a growing issue affecting coastal communities throughout the ages. Most agricultural land globally is located in low-lying coastal regions that have been reclaimed. The stability and resilience of a microbial community play a crucial role in determining how soil reacts to and recovers from environmental challenges. However, land response to periodic coastal flooding and salt stress was studied in this study. The study has been conducted around Pantai Punggur, Batu Pahat. The soil sample was collected from different salinity levels, based on 0% serving as the control group and other salinity levels of 1.6%, 2.0%, and 2.4%. Soil samples were tested in the laboratory based on the soil salinity level and microbial activities. This laboratory test found that the electrical conductivity (EC) value range is 0.0035 dS/m to 1.297 dS/m, while for the pH value range is pH 7.27 to pH 7.52, there are also 20% microbial activities in the soil. Using gypsum as a soil amendment can reduce saline water in the soil by 15% to 25%. In conclusion, this experimental study helps minimize soil salinity and improve soil structure based on the existing literature on saltwater intrusion’s impact on alkaline soil’s agricultural fertility.
Estimation of flood frequency using statistical method: riverbasin for Sungai Jijan Malaysia
Authors: Aziz Abdul Qayyum Asyraf Bin Abd , Ridzuan Mohd Baharudin Bin , Daud Zawawi bin , Zakariah Zulfairul bin , Bachok Mohd Fairuz bin , Mat Rahimi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Flood frequency analysis is a crucial mathematical approach for predicting the probability of a specific discharge in a river, particularly at peaks. Floods are recurring phenomena in river basins that cause tremendous flow. Flood frequency analysis involves fitting a river yearly peak flow to various probability distributions. Flood frequency analysis often involves three statistical methods, Double Mass Curve, Development Of IDF Curve, and Time of Concentration, Tc. Floods cause heavy loss of life and property in the flood seasons. The selection of best probability distribution method in the studied river basin with the recent available records will definitely help the planners and administrators to estimate the major flood events and save life and property according the chosen method which is the three methods used are Double Mass Curve, Development Of IDF Curve, and Time of Concentration, Typically, double mass curve it’s used to analyse the relationship between two sets of data points by plotting the cumulative values of one variable against the cumulative values of another variable. By examining the resulting curve, analysts can identify patterns, trends, or discrepancies between the datasets. IDF curve are developed based on historical rainfall data for a specific location and are used in engineering and urban planning to design drainage systems, flood control measures, and other infrastructure to manage stormwater runoff. The time of concentration depends on various factors, including watershed size, slope, land use, soil type, and rainfall intensity. Several empirical equations and methods exist to estimate the time of concentration for different watershed conditions. The findings of the study are confirmed by direct computation and analysis of rainfall records. The authors point out that real precipitation throughout time and spacetime deviates from multifractality at both the small and big scales.
Analysis of Microplastic Content in Surface Water of the Gajah Mungkur Reservoir in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso R B , Yulistyorini A , Rahayuningsih T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dispose of plastic waste into surface water causes microplastic (MPs) pollution, which can pollute water areas such as in Gajah Mungkur Reservoir (GMR) Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the abundance, shape, and polymer type of the MPs found in the GMR area. The samples were collected at three locations (intake SPAM Wosusokas, the hydroelectric power plant (outlet), and the inlet (Check DAM Gedong in Keduang River). The water samples were taken 10 times using a 20 L container and then filtered using a 1.68 mm diameter plankton net (No. 14). Afterward, the sample was analysed using microscopical identification and FTIR-ATR analysis. The abundance and shape of the MPs sample were analyzed using microscopic identification. The polymer type of the sample was analyzed using FTIR analysis. Microplastic distribution in GMR areas was also mapped using a QGIS application. The average abundance of the MPs in the sampling location was 340-820 n/m3. The MPs shape found in the sample were fibre (39%), fragment (11%), and filament (50%). The highest microplastic abundance was found in Check DAM Gedong of Keduang River (inlet). Polymer types of the microplastic sample were polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS). These findings revealed that the MPs are already present at the surface water in Indonesia and threaten the water quality.
Marine Water and Sediment Quality Assessment of Mainland Kedah and Langkawi Island Shorelines: A Case Study
Authors: Al-Qadami E H H , Razi M A M , Shah S M H , Mokhtar A , Mahamud M , Jamal M H , Ismail Z A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Coastal areas are ecologically, economically, socially, and culturally significant but face environmental challenges that demand sustainable management. This study assessed water and sediment quality along 440 km of shorelines in mainland Kedah and Langkawi Island. Water quality was analyzed through 22 samples collected across the study area, evaluating 24 parameters compared to Malaysian Marine Water Quality Standards (MWQS). Sediment quality was assessed at two sites (S1 and S2) based on heavy metal concentrations, including Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Zinc (Zn). Results showed that the marine water quality ranged from moderate to good along mainland Kedah and good to excellent along Langkawi Island. Faecal coliform levels exceeded 70 cfu/100ml at all stations along mainland Kedah shoreline, indicating pollution concerns. Sediment quality met standards set by Washington Ecology Department, suggesting no major issues. Average Nickel, Lead, and Cadmium concentrations were 41.2, 53.2, and 4.34 mg/kg, respectively, at both sites, while Copper, Arsenic, and Zinc were higher at S1, with maximum values of 72.4, 27.4, and 274.9 mg/kg, respectively. By identifying pollution hotspots and areas of high environmental quality, this study promotes sustainable practices to protect the long-term health of these vital coastal zones.
The Drivers and Challenges Faced by Quantity Surveyors in Smart Sustainable City Development
Authors: Wong P F , Nam W J , Kiu M S , Li Z Q 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Rapid urbanization and population growth have sparked an urgent need for sustainable urban development solutions. In response to it, smart sustainable city (SSC) has emerged to address the issues from urbanization. Despite numerous studies dedicated to SSC development, there is a dearth of research exploring the integration of quantity surveying practices in SSC development. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the drivers and challenges encountered by quantity surveyors (QS) in SSC development. A questionnaire was formulated and distributed to QS in the Klang Valley, resulting in 110 responses. The collected data underwent statistical analysis, including Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Test, Arithmetic Mean calculations, and the Kruskal-Wallis Test. The findings revealed that the most significant challenge was the higher initial cost, whole life cycle costing emerged as the primary driver for quantity surveying practices in SSC development. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed between the working experience and position of QS in terms of the drivers of incorporating quantity surveying practices in SSC development. These findings provide valuable insights for professional bodies, construction firms, educational institutions, and researchers, enabling them to devise suitable strategies to enhance the integration of quantity surveying service in SSC development.
Comparing the effect of various land use types on moisture dynamics in loamy soils with Hydrus-1D
Authors: Maleknia P , Ugwonoh N , Czigány S 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasingly severe hydrological extremes observed over time are consequences of climate change in the Pannonian Basin. This study focuses on soil moisture (SM) patterns across three distinct land uses: pasture, Ploughland, and orchard situated in the Transdanubian Hills of southwestern Hungary. The study area is characterized by a subhumid continental climate. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the Hydrus-1D model in simulating SM in silt and silty loam soils. Gaining a deeper understanding of SM dynamics is crucial for improving soil management practices and mitigating the effects of drought across various land use types. From January 1, 2019, to February 28, 2023, matric potential, SM, and rainfall were measured across the three land sites. Monitoring stations were installed at shoulder and toe slope position, with sensors placed at 10 cm and 30 cm depths, respectively. Aridity indices over four years were calculated using the Thornthwaite equation. Our results revealed that SM dynamics were strongly influenced by land use. The studied sites displayed distinct water balances: the pasture site had the most positive water balance, while the orchard site exhibited the most negative balance, especially following the removal of cherry trees in 2022. The highest aridity index, 1.42, was observed at the orchard site in 2022. The pasture showed the least variability in SM, whereas the ploughland exhibited the lowest SM dynamics. Hydrus-1D sensitivity tests highlighted differences in error indices across the sites. These findings demonstrate the utility of Hydrus-1D in accurately simulating moisture distribution in the topsoil under various land use types.
Seismic Post-Stack Attribute and AVO Seismic-Based Analysis in Delineating New Prospect with Filling-Ratio Approach in Estimating Fluid-Contact for Proposed Well
Authors: Prasetyo Ragil , Ramadhan Farhan Rizqi , Meidiana Tania , Hartono Yedi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Delineating new prospects in a mature field requires a more advanced technique of seismic data interpretation in order to reduce the uncertainty level of success. The most conventional practice was to identify the reservoir using post-stack seismic data. In contrast, pre-stack seismic data are sometimes absent in the analysis due to the lack of data itself or the assumption that post-stack seismic data is deemed to be sufficient. Nowadays, it has been proved that the amplitude characteristics of seismic reflections vary with increasing offset. This finding led to Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) analysis, which assessed the dependencies of reflectivity with increasing offset. This technique is useful in delineating the Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator or the fluid trend. Fluid-contact values are also essential to determine the vertical boundaries of hydrocarbon-saturated reservoirs. The filling-ratio method can answer the challenge of determining these vertical boundary values in a proposed well, which requires at least one proven and/or producing well to provide a sound basis comparison of fluid contacts from their top structure depth to their deepest fluid contact depth. This filling-ratio approach can then be applied with simple mathematical calculations between the proven and/or producing well and the proposed well in reservoir targets.
In this case of work, Cisubuh formation is chosen as the layer of interest. It is known to have a bell-shaped sand reservoir from the log response of a nearby well. Both seismic post-stack and pre-stack are utilized in delineating new prospects in the target layer. The post-stack seismic is analysed to predict the sand distribution, while the pre-stack seismic is analysed to predict the fluid indicator across the area of interest. The delineation prospect from these seismic data sets also shows coherency with the interpreted anticlinal structural trap. Fluid contacts from the proven well, in this case, show convincing test results of hydrocarbon with one other prospected well in the same field that contains such hydrocarbon. The method can be justified with the mentioned proven well test and conservatively bounded the hydrocarbon reserves calculations. Hence, the result of the calculated comparison of fluid-contact depth between the proven well and the proposed wells does not over excessively contain such hydrocarbons.
Application of Noise Tomography Method on Geothermal Area, Part I: Case Study on “TFQ1”
Authors: Taufiq  , Suryanto Wiwit , Martha Agustya Adi , Atmojo Jatmiko Prio , Mujihardi Bambang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Noise Tomography is one of geophysical passive seismic method to utilize a coherent ambient noise who created naturally due to presence of the rotation of the earth (sea wave, gust wind, water movement that produces vibration) to detect discontinuity of wave (based on velocity measurement that correlated at multiple station) on inhomogeneity medium to determine the physical properties of rock from subsurface. In this research, we used 20 unit of Lennartz 3D-lite short period seismometer with Taurus Digitizer and record 24-72 hours on 22 days at TFQ1 Geothermal Field. Then, we process the data with several techniques to correlate recorded data on the station such as pairing technique, clustering technique and ring creation techniques on PertaGAMANT (Pertamina’s software). Result of 1D velocity model in this research can be used to determine a subsurface permeability of rock on geothermal field.
Geoelectrical Resistivity Method (ERT) For Identifying and Mapping Saline Water Intrusion Zone In A Coastal Plain Region of Ambon City
Authors: Papilaja Ferdinanda Casandra , Warsa  , Souisa Matheus , Sapulete Sisca M , Laesanpura A , Parnadi W W 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The spatial variability of the degree of salinity of soils and groundwater is a major issue concerning the sustainable management of water resources. The problem is stressed in coastal plain areas where saline bodies of different origin coexist. We present an extensive geoelectrical resistivity dataset collected in the coastal region of Ambon city. The application of ERT (electrical resistivity tomography) method is to identify lithology below the earth’s surface and determine the dispersion pattern of seawater intrusion in the research area. The area of ERT survey is located approximately 12 m from the coastline using three measurement lines of Wenner Schlumberger electrode configuration. The length of line 1 is 300 m in the south north direction, and the length of line 2 and 3 is 100 m each in the east-west direction. The electrode on line 1 is 10 m and the electrode spacing on line 2 and 3 is 5 m. The 2D resistivity modeling results show a low value resistivity anomaly zone which is interpreted as a water saturated region. The measurement results of electric surveys cannot be interpreted uniquely. Misinterpretation of the analysis results should be minimized by studying the restriction and limitation of the analysis method among other factors. It is recommended that results of other investigations be used to support this evaluation. The resistivity interpretation results are synchronized with the TDS (total dissolved solid) distribution value, allowing for the potential for seawater intrusion into Passo coastal groundwater. The dispersion pattern of subsurface seawater intrusion zones in the study area is sparse. This has resulted in the aquifer layer being interpreted as having been polluted by seawater intrusion with a resistivity ranging from 1.0 - 4.5 Ωm at depths up to 5.0 m with the direction of flow movement from East to West whose distribution is concentrated in the West.