bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current status of the cactus scale Diaspis echinocacti Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on Opuntia ficus‐indica and its first morphological and microscopic description in Morocco
Authors: Imane Mrabti , Haddad Najat , Moghaddam Masumeh , Ziri Rabea , Brhadda Najiba , Smaili Moulay Chrif 
Published: December 2022

AbstractA total of 460 sites in 28 provinces located in the northern part of Morocco, where the prickly pear cactus Opuntia ficus‐indica is a natural crop, were surveyed from autumn 2020 to winter 2022. In 2020 and the first half of 2021 the cochineal scale Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell, 1896) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae) was the only scale recorded on pads of O. ficus‐indicata. However, high infestation of pads and fruits of O. ficus‐indica with Diaspis echinocacti Bouché (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) was subsequently recorded in three sites. D. echinocacti is described based on the morphology of the male and female adults, and microscopic examination of 60 slide‐mounted adult females. The presence of D. echinocacti on prickly pear cactus in these three sites in Morocco represents a serious potential threat for cactus in the country. Two predators, Rhyzobius lophanthae Blaisdell (1892) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Cybocephalus sp. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), and two hymenopteran parasitoids, the ectoparasitoid Aphytis sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and an endoparasitoid Encyrtidae, were recorded to be associated with cactus scale. Further work is needed to identify all these predators/parasitoids to species level and to evaluate their potential for biological control.
Genetic diversity and structure of a recent fish invasion: Tench (Tinca tinca) in eastern North America
Authors: Bernos Thaïs A. , Avlijaš Sunčica , Hill Jaclyn , Morissette Olivier , Ricciardi Anthony , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Jeffries Kenneth M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntroduced and geographically expanding populations experience similar eco‐evolutionary challenges, including founder events, genetic bottlenecks, and novel environments. Theory predicts that reduced genetic diversity resulting from such phenomena limits the success of introduced populations. Using 1900 SNPs obtained from restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing, we evaluated hypotheses related to the invasion history and connectivity of an invasive population of Tench (Tinca tinca), a Eurasian freshwater fish that has been expanding geographically in eastern North America for three decades. Consistent with the reported history of a single introduction event, our findings suggest that multiple introductions from distinct genetic sources are unlikely as Tench had a small effective population size (~114 [95% CI = 106–123] individuals), no strong population subdivision across time and space, and evidence of a recent genetic bottleneck. The large genetic neighbourhood size (220 km) and weak within‐population genetic substructure suggested high connectivity across the invaded range, despite the relatively large area occupied. There was some evidence for a small decay in genetic diversity as the species expanded northward, but not southward, into new habitats. As eradicating the species within a ~112 km radius would be necessary to prevent recolonization, eradicating Tench is likely not feasible at watershed—and possibly local—scales. Management should instead focus on reducing abundance in priority conservation areas to mitigate adverse impacts. Our study indicates that introduced populations can thrive and exhibit relatively high levels of genetic diversity despite severe bottlenecks (<1.5% of the ancestral effective population size) and suggests that landscape heterogeneity and population demographics can generate variability in spatial patterns of genetic diversity within a single range expansion.
Fatigue life prediction for notched specimen considering modified critical plane method
Authors: Ma Muzhou , Liu Xintian , Yu Xueguang , Wang Xiangui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractTo meet the different functional requirements of the components, irregularities and geometric discontinuities occur in the structural design of the components. These geometrical discontinuities lead to local stress concentrations, which inevitably introduce notch effects. The unyielding internal material still supports the high‐stress area on the plane due to the supporting effect of the notch. This effect can lead to inaccurate prediction of fatigue life. So, the notch support factor and strain were used as damage parameters to modify the life prediction model of the notched specimens in this research. And an improved critical plane method is applied in selecting damaged planes. It considers the damage at the notch before loading and uses dynamic weights to measure the effect of the maximum stress plane on the damaged plane. The model was validated using TC4 and GH4169 notch data and compared with other models, and the revised model has higher accuracy. The damaged plane and damage parameters to modify the fatigue life of the notched specimen make more physical sense and are more consistent with the fatigue failure mechanism.
Towards a whole‐system framework for wildfire monitoring using Earth observations
Authors: Crowley Morgan A. , Stockdale Christopher A. , Johnston Joshua M. , Wulder Michael A. , Liu Tianjia , McCarty Jessica L. , Rieb Jesse T. , Cardille Jeffrey A. , White Joanne C. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractFire seasons have become increasingly variable and extreme due to changing climatological, ecological, and social conditions. Earth observation data are critical for monitoring fires and their impacts. Herein, we present a whole‐system framework for identifying and synthesizing fire monitoring objectives and data needs throughout the life cycle of a fire event. The four stages of fire monitoring using Earth observation data include the following: (1) pre‐fire vegetation inventories, (2) active‐fire monitoring, (3) post‐fire assessment, and (4) multi‐scale synthesis. We identify the challenges and opportunities associated with current approaches to fire monitoring, highlighting four case studies from North American boreal, montane, and grassland ecosystems. While the case studies are localized to these ecosystems and regional contexts, they provide insights for others experiencing similar monitoring challenges worldwide. The field of remote sensing is experiencing a rapid proliferation of new data sources, providing observations that can inform all aspects of our fire monitoring framework; however, significant challenges for meeting fire monitoring objectives remain. We identify future opportunities for data sharing and rapid co‐development of information products using cloud computing that benefits from open‐access Earth observation and other geospatial data layers.
HISTORICAL PRACTICE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL HISTORY
Authors: TORGERSON JESSE W. 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTThe current digital historical moment is an opportunity to formulate a new theory of historical practice. Our field's long‐standing passive reliance on the widespread explanation of historical practice as deriving information from “primary sources” is unhelpful, incoherent, misleading, and an active inhibition to new opportunities. Our reliance on an incoherent explanation means our students are not given a precise description of our historical practice but instead learn to imitate us by gradually adopting disciplinary norms conveyed through exemplary models and the critique of work performed. Furthermore, our reliance on a misleading explanation of method means we lack a common terminology with which we all can coherently explain to our peers what we actually do. We know this, and yet we have provided no alternative. The current moment offers an opportunity to provide a theory of the practice of history that encompasses contemporary, traditional, and even ancient historical methods: capturing sources, producing data, and creating facts. Wide acceptance and implementation of a sources‐data‐facts model of historical practice will accelerate student understanding, improve communication with other disciplines, erase the apparent distinction between (so‐called) analog and digital history, and provide a framework for the publication of historical data as a valuable end in and of itself.
Characterisation of gluten‐free couscous produced with different legume flours by traditional method
Authors: Boudouira Nassira , Yüksel Ayşe Nur , Bayram Mustafa , Benatallah Leila , Zidoune Mohammed Nasreddine 
Published: December 2022

SummaryCouscous is a traditional cereal product usually prepared using semolina; however, couscous may be produced with different flours as well as gluten‐free flours. In this study, gluten‐free couscous was prepared by supplementing rice flour with flours of field bean, chickpea and lentil (90/10 or 70/30%, w/w). The objective of this study was to develop gluten‐free couscous and determine the quality, texture, microstructure and sensory properties, which these properties were used for characterisation. The results revealed that the gluten‐free couscous had low water absorption capacity, low swelling and cohesion and slightly high disintegration degree compared to the control couscous. Protein, lipid and ash contents were improved following the supplementation while lightness and hardness were negatively affected. Even though there was no gluten, the significant yield was obtained during production. Moreover, the quality, texture and sensory properties of gluten‐free couscous were close to those of the control couscous. Gluten‐free couscous production was successfully achieved for whom wants to consume gluten‐free products as a lifestyle.
Antibody responses to COVID‐19 vaccination in people with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ou Xiaodan , Jiang Jialin , Lin Bingqian , Liu Qinyu , Lin Wei , Chen Gang , Wen Junping 
Published: December 2022

AbstractCOVID‐19 vaccine is critical in preventing SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and transmission. However, obesity's effect on immune responses to COVID‐19 vaccines is still unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis of the literature and compared antibody responses with COVID‐19 vaccines among persons with and without obesity. We used Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify all related studies up to April 2022. The Stata.14 software was used to analyze the selected data. Eleven studies were included in the present meta‐analysis. Five of them provided absolute values of antibody titers in the obese group and non‐obese group. Overall, we found that the obese population was significantly associated with lower antibody titers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.228, 95% CI [−0.437, −0.019], P < 0.001) after COVID‐19 vaccination. Significant heterogeneity was present in most pooled analyses but was reduced after subgroup analyses. No publication bias was observed in the present analysis. The Trim and Fill method did not change the results in the primary analysis. The present meta‐analysis suggested that obesity was significantly associated with decreased antibody responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines. Future studies should be performed to unravel the mechanism of response to the COVID‐19 vaccine in obese individuals.
Fibronectin in hyperglycaemia and its potential use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A review
Authors: Kanta Jiri , Zavadakova Anna , Sticova Eva , Dubsky Michal 
Published: December 2022

AbstractMetabolism of fibronectin, the protein that plays a key role in the healing of wounds, is changed in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Fibronectin can interact with other proteins and proteoglycans and organise them to form the extracellular matrix, the basis of the granulation tissue in healing wounds. However, diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) suffer from inadequate deposition of this protein. Degradation prevails over fibronectin synthesis in the proteolytic inflammatory environment in the ulcers. Because of the lack of fibronectin in the wound bed, the assembly of the extracellular matrix and the deposition of the granulation tissue cannot be started. A number of methods have been designed that prevents fibronectin degradation, replace lacking fibronectin or support its formation in non‐healing wounds in animal models of diabetes. The aim of this article is to review the metabolism of fibronectin in DFUs and to emphasise that it would be useful to pay more attention to fibronectin matrix assembly in the ulcers when laboratory methods are translated to clinical practice.
Clin‐STAR corner: Recent practice‐changing studies at the interface of pulmonary and critical care medicine and geriatrics
Authors: Jain Snigdha , Witt Leah J. , Ferrante Lauren E. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOlder adults suffering from chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and interstitial lung disease, and critical illnesses, such as sepsis and acute respiratory failure, are more vulnerable to adverse outcomes like disability and greater side effects from treatments. In this update, we discuss recent practice‐changing clinical trials and observational studies in Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine that have advanced our understanding of the diagnosis or management of older adults with chronic lung diseases or critical illnesses.
The effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Iskender Mahinur Durmus , Gülsoy Ahmet , Özcan Ebru , Uyan Yusuf 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundUniversity students are generally quite active in social life. It is thought that their fear of contagion/being contagious will affect their depression, anxiety and stress levels due to the removal of restrictions and the increase in individual responsibilities. This study aims to determine the effect of fear of contagion/being contagious on depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsThis study, descriptive and cross‐sectional. Quantitative data were collected using the Demographic Information Form, the Fear of Contagion/Transmission Scale and the Depression‐Anxiety‐Stress Scale. The sample included 3500 participants. Descriptive statistics were used for the presentation of the results. The STROBE checklist for cross‐sectional studies was used in this study.ResultsThis study revealed that the depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal, and these results were mostly associated with females, those with a chronic disease and high fear of contagion/being contagious.ConclusionThe findings of this study may be useful for precautionary plans to support the psychological health of university students after the COVID‐19 pandemic and in the fight against possible new pandemics. Considering the findings of our study, educational programs should be planned for youth in general and university students in particular to deal with depression, anxiety, stress and fears.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe depression, anxiety and stress levels of university students were above normal. As the fear of contamination and contagion increases, the level of depression, anxiety and stress increases. Those with chronic diseases have high levels of depression, anxiety and stress.Patient or Public ContributionResearch data were collected through an online questionnaire. Data collection tools were prepared on Google Forms, and then, links were shared with student groups over social media. Students shared the link on their social platforms, allowing it to reach wider audiences.
Molecular characterization of wild tomato mosaic virus and chilli veinal mottle virus mix‐infecting chilli pepper in China
Authors: Hu Yongliang , Chen Yuqin , Su Xiaoxia , Huang Jiawei , Yin Hongxing , Zhang Jie , Zhang Zhongkai , Ding Yong , Zheng Kuanyu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present study described molecular characterization of two potyviruses: wild tomato mosaic virus Dehong isolate (WTMV‐Dh) and chilli veinal mottle virus Dehong isolate (ChiVMV‐Dh) mix‐infection chilli pepper and assessed their mix‐infection on chilli pepper. Transcriptome next‐generation sequencing technology (NGS) and RT‐PCR were used to obtain the complete genome sequences of the abovementioned two viruses. The results showed that the complete sequence of WTMV‐Dh is 9675 nucleotides (nt) in length and encodes a complete polyprotein of 3075 amino acids (aa). The WTMV‐Dh polyprotein shares 76.1%–82.6% nt and 85.3%–89.5% aa identities with three previously reported WTMV isolates. The complete sequence of ChiVMV‐Dh is 9736 nt in length and encodes a complete polyprotein with 3, 089 aa. ChiVMV‐Dh polyprotein shares 80.8%–92.2% nt and 85.3%–95.6% aa identities with previously reported ChiVMV isolates. Following phylogenetic analysis based on the polyprotein sequences of potyviruses revealed that WTMV‐Dh clustered with the Vietnam strain WTMV‐Laichau, while ChiVMV‐Dh clustered with several ChiVMV Sichuan isolates. The mix‐inoculation experiment showed that the mix‐infection of these two viruses has more severe symptoms than single‐infection.
Factors predicting treatment success in mixed urinary incontinence treated with midurethral sling
Authors: Ozkurkcugil Cuneyd , Avci Ibrahim Erkut 
Published: December 2022

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate success rates and predictive factors for midurethral slings (MUS) in women with mixed urinary incontinence (MUI).MethodsWomen with MUI (urodynamically diagnosed detrusor overactivity and stress urinary incontinence) treated with MUS between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Prior to MUS, all participants completed bladder diary and questionnaires and underwent a urodynamic study. Six months after surgery, patients were evaluated for lower urinary tract symptoms with pelvic examination, pad test, and the 8‐item Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OAB‐V8) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Short‐Form (ICIQ‐SF). Success rates after MUS were determined separately according to the predominant component of MUI. In addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the most important independent variables affecting the surgical outcome.ResultsThere were 117 participants. The overall MUI cure rate was 73.5%, but surgical success in the presence of postoperative urgency was 60.7%. Moreover, MUS success rate was 84.8% in those with preoperative stress‐dominant MUI. However, the success rates for equally and urgency‐dominant MUI were both 29.4%. Preoperative OAB‐V8 score, symptom duration >9.5 years, and preoperative anticholinergic medication were risk factors for persistent urgency and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) postoperatively (p < .05). In addition, diabetes mellitus (DM) for persistent urgency and voiding frequency (daily) for persistent UUI were predictive factors (p < .05).ConclusionsMUS may be offered to women with stress‐dominant MUI. However, postoperative urgency might change a patient's perception of treatment despite successful incontinence treatment. MUS does not appear to be a good option when MUI patients have a high OAB‐V8 score, symptom duration >9.5 years, DM, or use of anticholinergic medication preoperatively.
Roles of the transcriptional regulators Fts1, YlNrg1, YlTup1, and YlSsn6 in the repression of the yeast‐to‐filament transition in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Mao Yi‐Sheng , Chen Jia‐Wen , Wang Zhen‐Hua , Xu Meng‐Yang , Gao Xiang‐Dong 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn dimorphic fungi, the yeast‐to‐filament transition critical for cell survival under nutrient starvation is controlled by both activators and repressors. However, very few filamentation repressors are known. Here we report that, in the dimorphic yeast Yarrowia lipolytica, the conserved transcription factor YlNrg1 plays a minor role whereas Fts1, a newly identified Zn(II)2Cys6 zinc cluster transcription factor, plays a key role in filamentation repression. FTS1 deletion caused hyperfilamentation whereas Fts1 overexpression drastically reduced filamentation. The expression of FTS1 is downregulated substantially during the yeast‐to‐filament transition. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that Fts1 represses 401 genes, including the filamentation‐activating transcription factor genes MHY1, YlAZF1, and YlWOR4 and key cell wall protein genes. Tup1‐Ssn6, a general transcriptional corepressor, is involved in the repression of many cellular functions in fungi. We show that both YlTup1 and YlSsn6 strongly repress filamentation in Y. lipolytica. YlTup1 and YlSsn6 together repress 1383 genes, including a large number of transcription factor and cell wall protein genes, which overlap substantially with Fts1‐repressed genes. Fts1 interacts with both YlTup1 and YlSsn6, and LexA‐Fts1 fusion represses a lexAop‐promoter‐lacZ reporter in a Tup1‐Ssn6‐dependent manner. Our findings suggest that Fts1 functions as a transcriptional repressor, directing the repression of target genes through the Tup1‐Ssn6 corepressor.
When nationalism beats populism: The secessionist movement in Texas
Authors: Pérez‐Boquete Roi , Bello Gabriel G 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSix members of the Republican Party have presented and supported a House Bill in the Texas House of Representatives proposing a referendum to decide whether Texas should leave the United States. This initiative has been seen as a success by the Texas Nationalist Movement, who has been advocating for Texit for years. Applying frame analysis on an extended corpus of Texas nationalist sympathisers' statements, this article empirically explores the discourse of the Texas Nationalist Movement. The analysis contributes to recent literature on new nationalist movements and shows that Texas nationalism articulates its discourse around a homogeneous and exclusionary national conception based on the need to achieve independence as a solution to the country's problems.
Toxic Interaction Between Solar Radiation and Cigarette Smoke on Primary Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Grenier Alexe , Morissette Mathieu C. , Rochette Patrick J. , Pouliot Roxane 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSolar radiation and cigarette smoke are two environmental risk factors known to affect skin integrity. Although the toxic effects of these factors on skin have been widely studied separately, few studies have focused on their interaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate and understand the synergistic harmful effects of cigarette smoke and solar rays on human primary keratinocytes. The keratinocytes were exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and then irradiated with a solar simulator light (SSL). The viability, as determined by measuring metabolic activity of skin cells, and the levels of global reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated after exposure to CSE and SSL. The combination of 3% CSE with 29 kJ m−2 UVA caused a decrease of 81% in cell viability, while with 10% to 20% CSE, the cell viability was null. This phototoxicity was accompanied by an increase in singlet oxygen but a decrease in type I ROS when CSE and SSL were combined in vitro. Surprisingly, an increase in the CSE's total antioxidant capacity was also observed. These results suggest a synergy between the two environmental factors in their effect on skin cells, and more precisely a phototoxicity causing a drastic decrease in cell viability.