bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4D Printed Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers with Reversible Two‐Way Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Li Siyuan , Li Zhen , Mei Shuxiang , Chen Xiaoyin , Ding Bowen , Zhang Yuancheng , Zhao Wei , Zhang Xiaomeng , Cui Zhe , Fu Peng , Pang Xinchang , Liu Minying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract4D printing has become a research hotspot in recent years. Only a few elastomer materials can be printed by selective laser sintering (SLS) and achieve a reversible two‐way shape memory effect (2W‐SME) at the same time, which greatly limits the applications of 4D printing. Therefore, it's still a challenge to develop a new elastomer possessing reversible 2W‐SME. In this work, a series of thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) are synthesized successfully through the polycondensation reaction of PA1212 prepolymer and polyetheramine, which exhibited excellent thermal stability, flexibility, and resilience. The crystalline PA1212 hard domains acted as a skeleton to maintain the permanent shapes, and the polyether soft segments acted as actuation phase to realize crystallization‐induced elongation (CIE) and melting‐induced contraction (MIC) under internal stress. The reversible 2W‐SME of T0.6‐2 films is first realized, and the reversible response strain can reach 15.2% and a good shape recovery ratio is also achieved. After freeze‐crushing and sieving, SLS‐printable TPAE powder is obtained, and the SLS‐processed samples also exhibited excellent reversible 2W‐SME to realize 4D printing. This new TPAE material not only broadens 4D printable materials, but also has a potential in the fields of soft robots, temperature sensors, and even aerospace equipment.
In Situ Determination of the Orientation of the Emissive Dipoles in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Hänisch Christian , Larsen Christian , Reineke Sebastian , Edman Ludvig 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe orientation of the emissive dipoles in thin‐film devices is important since it strongly affects the light outcoupling and thereby the device emission efficiency. The light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is particularly interesting in this context because its emissive dipoles are located in a high electric‐field p‐n junction, which is formed in situ by redistribution of bulky ions. This implies that the dipole orientation could be distinctly different in the driven LEC compared to the pristine device. This study develops the destructive‐interference microcavity method for the accurate in situ determination of the orientation of the emissive dipoles during LEC operation and apply it on a common LEC device comprising an amorphous conjugated polymer termed Super Yellow as the emitter. It is found that ≈95% of the emissive dipoles are oriented in the horizontal direction with respect to the thin‐film plane in both the pristine LEC and during steady‐state light emission. This finding is attractive since it enables for efficient outcoupling of the generated photons, and interesting because it shows that a horizontal orientation of the emissive dipoles can remain despite the existence of a strong perpendicular electric field and the nearby motion of bulky ions during LEC operation.
Point‐of‐Care Paper‐Based Sensors through Surface Etching of Gold Nanostars
Authors: Yi Jiuhong , Xianyu Yunlei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPaper‐based analytical devices as a low‐cost and point‐of‐care sensing platform have attracted widespread research interest. However, the device fabrication and signal readout remain a challenge for their real‐world applications. Herein, a technically simple paper‐based sensor is developed by taking advantage of the easily accessible paper and the plasmonic property of gold nanomaterials. The sensing mechanism relies on the iodide‐mediated surface etching of gold nanostars that induces a color change from blue to red of the paper strip. The versatility of the paper substrate in size, shape, and materials allows for the facile immobilization of gold nanostars by a simple immersing method, which is easy to operate and free from specialized skills and equipment. In addition, the readout of the paper strip can be conveniently visualized by the naked eye or through a smartphone. This paper‐based sensor advantages in low cost, light weight, easy handling, and disposability that holds great promise as a point‐of‐care detection platform in resource‐constrained settings.
Anode‐Patterned Monorail‐Structure Fiber‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Long Lifetime and High Performance for Truly Wearable Displays
Authors: Kong Seong Uk , Jeon Yongmin , Lee Ho Seung , Hwang Yong Ha , Chang Jaehyeock , Kim Hagseon , Kim Chan Young , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel monorail‐structure fiber‐based organic light‐emitting diode (MFOLED) with the anode patterned like a monorail to enhance operating reliability. The MFOLED improves the uniformity of layer thickness within the light‐emitting region on cylinder fiber despite using only a thermal evaporation method. The device exhibits outstanding operating lifetime (LT50, 720 h), luminance (59335 cd m−2), and current efficiency (70.89 cd A−1), the highest performances published to date. Additionally, red, green, and blue MFOLEDs are fabricated using the same method and driven by a microcontroller unit to confirm the feasibility of implementing fiber‐based subpixels. Based on these results, this work is expected to establish a new benchmark for fiber‐based OLEDs and contribute to the realization of truly wearable displays.
Integrative Single‐Cell Transcriptomics and Epigenomics Mapping of the Fetal Retina Developmental Dynamics
Authors: Li Ruonan , Liu Jiangyi , Yi Ping , Yang Xianli , Chen Jun , Zhao Chenyang , Liao Xingyun , Wang Xiaotang , Xu Zongren , Lu Huiping , Li Hongshun , Zhang Zhi , Liu Xianyang , Xiang Junjie , Hu Ke , Qi Hongbo , Yu Jia , Yang Peizeng , Hou Shengping 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe underlying mechanisms that determine gene expression and chromatin accessibility in retinogenesis are poorly understood. Herein, single‐cell RNA sequencing and single‐cell assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing are performed on human embryonic eye samples obtained 9–26 weeks after conception to explore the heterogeneity of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and neurogenic RPCs. The differentiation trajectory from RPCs to 7 major types of retinal cells are verified. Subsequently, diverse lineage‐determining transcription factors are identified and their gene regulatory networks are refined at the transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. Treatment of retinospheres, with the inhibitor of RE1 silencing transcription factor, X5050, induces more neurogenesis with the regular arrangement, and a decrease in Müller glial cells. The signatures of major retinal cells and their correlation with pathogenic genes associated with multiple ocular diseases, including uveitis and age‐related macular degeneration are also described. A framework for the integrated exploration of single‐cell developmental dynamics of the human primary retina is provided.
Microbe‐Mediated Biosynthesis of Multidimensional Carbon‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Shen Shenghui , Chen Yanbin , Zhou Jiancang , Zhang Haomiao , Xia Xinhui , Yang Yefeng , Zhang Yongqi , Noori Abolhassan , Mousavi Mir F. , Chen Minghua , Xia Yang , Zhang Wenkui 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBiosynthesis methods are considered to be a promising technology for engineering new carbon‐based materials or redesigning the existing ones for specific purposes with the aid of synthetic biology. Lots of biosynthetic processes including metabolism, fermentation, biological mineralization, and gene editing have been adopted to prepare novel carbon‐based materials with exceptional properties that cannot be realized by traditional chemical methods, because microbes evolved to possess special abilities to modulate components/structure of materials. In this review, the recent development on carbon‐based materials prepared via different biosynthesis methods and various microbe factories (such as bacteria, yeasts, fungus, viruses, proteins) are systematically reviewed. The types of biotechniques and the corresponding mechanisms for the synthesis of carbon‐based materials are outlined. This review also focuses on the structural design and compositional engineering of carbon‐based nanostructures (e.g., metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, metal sulfides, phosphates, Mxenes) derived from biotechnology and their applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Moreover, the relationship of the architecture–composition–electrochemical behavior and performance enhancement mechanism is also deeply discussed and analyzed. Finally, the development perspectives and challenges on the biosynthetic carbons are proposed and may pave a new avenue for rational design of advanced materials for the low‐carbon economy.
Highly Active and Durable Metal‐Free Carbon Catalysts for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Yang Liu , Liu Huibing , Qiao Zelong , Sun Panpan , Li Danyang , Jiang Run , Liu Shengwen , Niu Ziqiang , Zhang Yongguang , Lin Ting , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe development of highly active and durable platinum‐free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is of vital importance for the practical application of anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, a metal‐free carbon catalyst (marked as NDPC‐1000) with a graphitic N‐regulating defect structure is specifically designed and developed for AEMFCs by integrating theoretical calculations and experiments. Density functional theory calculations first reveal that the graphitic N can tailor the charge density of pentagon and armchair defects to reach the top of the adsorption energy‐activity volcano plot, while the enhanced durability is attributed to the high dissociation energy of the CN covalent bond. Under this guidance, the synthesized NDPC‐1000 demonstrates its high ORR activity and durability in alkaline media. With H2/O2 reacting gases, the AEMFC with this catalyst as the cathode delivers a peak power density of 913 mW cm−2. Unprecedented fuel cell durability is verified via continuous operation over 100 h at 0.25 A cm−2 with only a voltage decay of ≈25%, which is the greatest among all reported metal‐free‐based AEMFCs. Here a theory‐guided experiment strategy is provided for the development of high‐performance and durable ORR catalysts for AEMFCs.
Polypharmacy and cumulative anticholinergic burden in older adults hospitalized with fall
Authors: Wong Ho Lun , Weaver Claire , Marsh Lauren , Mon Khine Oo , Dapito John M. , Amin Fouad R. , Chauhan Rahul , Mandal Amit K. J. , Missouris Constantinos G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntroductionPolypharmacy is a growing phenomenon associated with adverse effects in older adults. We assessed the potential confounding effects of cumulative anticholinergic burden (ACB) in patients who were hospitalized with falls.MethodsA noninterventional, prospective cohort study of unselected, acute admissions aged ≥ 65 years. Data were derived from electronic patient health records. Results were analyzed to determine the frequency of polypharmacy and degree of ACB and their relationship to falls risk. Primary outcomes were polypharmacy, defined as prescription of 5 or more regular oral medications, and ACB score.Key ResultsFour hundred eleven (411) consecutive subjects were included, mean age 83.8 ± 8.0 years: 40.6% men. There were 38.4% patients who were admitted with falls. Incidence of polypharmacy was 80.8%, (88.0% and 76.3% among those admitted with and without fall, respectively). Incidence of ACB score of 0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 was 38.7%, 20.9%, 14.6%, and 25.8%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.030, 95% CI:1.000 ~ 1.050, P = 0.049], ACB score (OR = 1.150, 95% CI:1.020 ~ 1.290, P = 0.025), polypharmacy (OR = 2.140, 95% CI:1.190 ~ 3.870, P = 0.012), but not Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 0.920, 95% CI:0.810 ~ 1.040, P = 0.172) were significantly associated with higher falls rate. Of patients admitted with falls, 29.8% had drug‐related orthostatic hypotension, 24.7% had drug‐related bradycardia, 37.3% were prescribed centrally acting drugs, and 12.0% were taking inappropriate hypoglycemic agents.ConclusionPolypharmacy results in cumulative ACB and both are significantly associated with falls risk in older adults. The presence of polypharmacy and each unit rise in ACB score have a stronger effect of increasing falls risk compared to age and comorbidities.
“Roses have thorns for a reason”: The promises and perils of critical youth participatory research with system‐impacted girls of Color
Authors: Rose Raquel E. , Singh Sukhmani , Berezin McKenzie N. , Javdani Shabnam 
Published: April 2023

AbstractScholarship on girlhood—especially for girls of Color—is often relegated to studying risk and emphasizing individual deficits over humanizing girls and centering their voices. This approach to generating scholarship renders oppressive systems and processes invisible from inquiry and unaddressed by practice, with particularly insidious consequences for youth in the legal system. Critical youth participatory action research (YPAR) is acknowledged as an antidote to these conceptualizations because it resists deficit‐oriented narratives circling systems‐impacted youth by inviting them to the knowledge‐generating table. In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of the promises and perils that emerged as we conducted a year‐long critical YPAR project alongside five system‐impacted girls of Color. Our thematic analysis of process notes (30 meetings, 120 h) documents the stories posited by girls, in a democratized space, about the injustices of interconnected institutions, and unearths a complicated tension for both youth and adult coresearchers around the promises and perils of engaging in YPAR within the academy. These findings underscore the importance of using intersectional, collaborative research to challenge perceptions around how we legitimize knowledge. We describe lessons learned in conducting YPAR in academic settings and highlight recommendations to grow youth–adult partnerships within oppressive systems to share power.
Ultra‐processed food and homemade fried food consumption is associated with overweight/obesity in Latin American university students during COVID‐19
Authors: Morales Gladys , Durán‐Agüero Samuel , Parra‐Soto Solange , Landaeta‐Díaz Leslie , Carpio Valeria , Cavagnari Brian , Rios‐Castillo Israel , Nava‐González Edna , Bejarano‐Roncancio Jhon , Núñez‐Martínez Beatriz , Cordón‐Arrivillaga Karla , Meza‐Miranda Eliana , Mauricio‐Alza Saby , Gómez Georgina , Murillo Gabriela , Araneda‐Flores Jacqueline 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe estimated the association between the consumption of select ultra‐processed food (UPF), homemade fried food and overweight/obesity in Latin American university undergraduate students during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted an analytical cross‐sectional study. 4539 university students (73.6% female, mean age 22.5 ± 4.4) from 10 Latin American countries completed a self‐administered online survey. UPF eating habits and homemade fried food were measured according to a validated survey. Height and body weight were self‐reported. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. A BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was categorized as overweight/obesity. Ordinal logistic regression models were applied.ResultsSnacks (36.2%) and homemade fried food (30.2%) had a higher prevalence of consumption than sugary drinks (22.5%) and fast food (7.2%). The greatest strength of association was found between fast food consumption [odds ratio (OR) = 2.16; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.63–2.85], sugary drinks [OR = 2.05; CI: 1.63–2.59] and homemade fried food [OR = 1.46; CI: 1.16–1.85] with overweight/obesity.ConclusionLatin American university undergraduates present risky eating behaviors associated with overweight and obesity. Effective policies to promote healthy eating should be incorporated and issued from universities to reduce the consumption of UPF and promote homemade, healthier and more natural food.
Impacts of age, diabetes, and hypertension on serum endothelial monocyte‐activating polypeptide‐II after prolonged work in the heat
Authors: Journeay W. Shane , McCormick James J. , King Kelli E. , Notley Sean R. , Goulet Nicholas , Fujii Naoto , Amano Tatsuro , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWith rising temperature extremes, older workers are becoming increasingly vulnerable to heat‐related injuries because of age‐ and disease‐associated decrements in thermoregulatory function. Endothelial monocyte‐activating polypeptide‐II (EMAP‐II) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has not yet been well‐characterized during heat stress, and which may mediate the inflammatory response to high levels of physiological strain.MethodsWe evaluated serum EMAP‐II concentrations before and after 180 min of moderate‐intensity work (200 W/m2) in temperate (wet‐bulb globe temperature [WBGT] 16°C) and hot (WBGT 32°C) environments in heat‐unacclimatized, healthy young (n = 13; mean [SD]; 22 [3] years) and older men (n = 12; 59 [4] years), and unacclimatized older men with hypertension (HTN) (n = 10; 60 [4] years) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 9; 60 [5] years). Core temperature and heart rate were measured continuously.ResultsIn the hot environment, work tolerance time was lower in older men with HTN and T2D compared to healthy older men (bothp < 0.049). While core temperature and heart rate reserve increased significantly (p < 0.001), they did not differ across groups. End‐exercise serum EMAP‐II concentrations were higher in young men relative to their older counterparts due to higher baseline levels (bothp ≤ 0.02). Elevations in serum EMAP‐II concentrations were similar between healthy older men and older men with HTN, while serum EMAP‐II concentrations did not change in older men with T2D following prolonged work in the heat.ConclusionSerum EMAP‐II concentrations increased following prolonged moderate‐intensity work in the heat and this response is influenced by age and the presence of HTN or T2D.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Multicomponent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles
Authors: Borkotoky Lodsna , Bora Kaushik , Maurya Ram Awatar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAn efficient visible light photocatalyzed one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles was developed. Catalytic amount of 2,4‐dinitrophenol (2,4‐DNP) was necessary for the successful coupling of anilines, aldehydes and α‐keto vinyl azides to yield imidazoles in the presence of 7 W blue LED light. The scope of the reaction was demonstrated by synthesizing a series of highly functionalized imidazoles in excellent yields (75–86%). Control experiments were carried out and a mechanistic rationalization of the three‐component reaction was proposed.
Photoenzymatic Hydrosulfonylation for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Sulfones
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Zheng Dannan , Jiang Linye , Wang Zhiguo , Duan Xinyu , Cui Dong , Liu Shuang , Zhang Yuan , Yu Xiaomin , Ge Jingyan , Xu Jian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractChiral sulfones are recurrent motifs in pharmaceuticals and bioactive molecules. Although chemical methods have been developed to afford α‐ or β‐ chiral sulfones, these protocols rely heavily on the pre‐synthesis of structurally complicated starting materials and chiral metal complexes. Herein, we described a photoenzymatic approach for the radical‐mediated stereoselective hydrosulfonylation. Engineered variants of ene reductases provide efficient biocatalysts for this transformation, enabling to achieve a series of β‐chiral sulfonyl compounds with high yields (up to 92 %) and excellent e.r. values (up to 99 : 1).
Exclusive Co‐N4 Sites Confined in Two‐dimensional Metal‐Organic Layers Enabling Highly Selective CO2 Electroreduction at Industrial‐Level Current
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Liu Shanshan , Yang Yue , Qi Haifeng , Xi Shibo , Wei Yanping , Ding Jie , Wang Zhu‐Jun , Li Qunxiang , Liu Bin , Chen Zupeng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMetal‐organic framework catalysts bring new opportunities for CO2 electrocatalysis. Herein, we first conduct density‐functional theory calculations and predict that Co‐based porphyrin porous organic layers (Co‐PPOLs) exhibit good activity for CO2 conversion because of the low *CO adsorption energy at Co‐N4 sites, which facilitates *CO desorption and CO formation. Then, we prepare two‐dimensional Co‐PPOLs with exclusive Co‐N4 sites through a facile surfactant‐assisted bottom‐up method. The ultrathin feature ensures the exposure of catalytic centers. Together with large specific area, high electrical conductivity and CO2 adsorption capability, Co‐PPOLs achieve a peak faradaic efficiency for CO production (FECO=94.2 %) at a moderate potential in CO2 electroreduction, accompanied with good stability. Moreover, Co‐PPOLs reach an industrial‐level current above 200 mA in a membrane electrode assembly reactor, and maintain near‐unity CO selectivity (FECO>90 %) over 20 h in CO2 electrolysis.
Ring‐opening Polymerization of Enantiopure Bicyclic Ether‐ester Monomers toward Closed‐loop Recyclable and Crystalline Stereoregular Polyesters via Chemical Upcycling of Bioplastic
Authors: Li Zheng , Zhao Dongfang , Shen Yong , Li Zhibo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough great successes have been achieved, the preparation of closed‐loop recyclable polyesters with high working temperatures still remains as a big challenge. Herein, we present the syntheses of a series of enantiopure bicyclic ether‐ester monomers by upcycling of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) bioplastic. The “living”/controlled ring‐opening polymerizations of these enantiopure monomers to produce stereoregular polyesters with controlled molecular weights and well‐defined chain ends were achieved. The effects of stereoconfiguration and substituent on polymerization kinetics and thermodynamics as well as the thermal properties of resultant polyesters were investigated. Of note, the stereoregular polyesters are semi‐crystalline materials with melting temperatures up to 176 °C, even higher than the commodity polyolefin plastics. These polyesters can be depolymerized back to recover pristine monomers, thus successfully establishing a closed‐loop life cycle.
Manipulating Coulombic Efficiency of Cathodes in Aqueous Zinc Batteries by Anion Chemistry
Authors: Li Pei , Wang Yiqiao , Xiong Qi , Hou Yue , Yang Shuo , Cui Huilin , Zhu Jiaxiong , Li Xinliang , Wang Yanbo , Zhang Rong , Zhang Shaoce , Wang Xiaoqi , Jin Xu , Bai Shengchi , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrolyte environments, including cations, anions, and solvents are critical for the performance delivery of cathodes of batteries. Most works focused on interactions between cations and cathode materials, in contrast, there is a lack of in‐depth research on the correlation between anions and cathodes. Here, we systematically investigated how anions manipulate the coulombic efficiency (CE) of cathodes of zinc batteries. We take intercalation‐type V2O5 and conversion‐type I2 cathodes as typical cases for profound studies. It was found that electronic properties of anions, including charge density and its distribution, can tune conversion or intercalation reactions, leading to significant CE differences. Using operando visual Raman microscopy and theoretical simulations, we confirm that competitive coordination between anions and I− can regulate CEs by modulating polyiodide diffusion rates in Zn−I2 cells. In Zn−V2O5 cells, anion‐tuned solvation structures vastly affect CEs through varying Zn2+ intercalation kinetics. Conversion I2 cathode achieves a 99 % CE with highly electron‐donating anions, while anions with preferable charge structures that interact strongly with Zn2+ afford an intercalation V2O5 a nearly 100 % CE. Understanding the mechanism of anion‐governed CEs will help us evaluate compatibility of electrolytes with electrodes, thus providing a guideline for anion selection and electrolyte design for high‐energy, long‐cycling zinc batteries.