bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a multiphase perfusion model for biomimetic reduced-order dense tumors
Authors: Akash Mohammad Mehedi Hasan , Chakraborty Nilotpal , Mohammad Jiyan , Reindl Katie , Basu Saikat 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDense fibrous extracellular constitution of solid tumors exerts high resistance to diffusive transport into it; additionally, the scarcity of blood and lymphatic flows hinders convection. The complexity of fluidic transport mechanisms in such tumor environments still presents open questions with translational end goals. For example, clinical diagnosis and targeted drug delivery platforms for such dense tumors can ideally benefit from a quantitative framework on plasma uptake into the tumor. In this study, we present a computational model for physical parameters that may influence blood percolation and penetration into simple biomimetic solid tumor geometry. The model implements three-phase viscous-laminar transient simulation to mimic the transport physics inside a tumor-adhering blood vessel and measures the constituent volume fractions of the three considered phases, viz. plasma, RBCs (red blood cells, also known as “erythrocytes”), and WBCs (white blood cells, also known as “leukocytes”) at three different flow times, while simultaneously recording the plasma pressure and velocity at the entry point to the tumor’s extracellular space. Subsequently, to quantify plasma perfusion within the tumor zone, we proposed a reduced-order two-dimensional transport model for the tumor entry zone and its extracellular space for three different fenestra diameters: 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 µm; the simulations were two-phase viscous-laminar transient. The findings support the hypothesis that plasma percolation into the tumor is proportional to the leakiness modulated by the size of fenestra openings, and the rate of percolation decays with the diffusion distance.
The SOFM-based city-type identification and scan of 231 cities in the APEC region
Authors: Zhu Li , Wang Chen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCities play an important role in global and regional sustainable development, which has led to the focus of research and assessment work. In this paper, our work extends the focus on city centers and the areas that support their operation. The method applies the Self-organizing feature map (SOFM), and city natural environment and development indicators are used to identify 231 APEC (Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperation) cities due to the critical influence of APEC cities on the global economy and sustainable development. Nine city types were obtained. This work, which looks at the achievements of the region's rapid development, shows that the performance of cities in emerging economies reflecting city per capita and efficiency indicators still needs to be further improved, even for international metropolises. In the global efforts to achieve the development goals of the SDGs, the methods and results of APEC city-type identification can provide the basis and inspiration for more work and help to build a widely connected knowledge network.
How do taxi usage patterns vary and why? A dynamic spatiotemporal analysis in Beijing
Authors: Wang Jiaoe , Du Fangye , Huang Jie , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExisting studies lack attention to taxi usage dynamics, considering its trip proportion over other travel modes and its influencing factors at fine spatiotemporal resolutions. To fill these gaps, we propose a method for examining taxi usage in a grid of 1 km × 1 km cells per hour during a one-day cycle in Beijing. This method measures the differences between taxi trips from taxi trajectory data and mobile signaling data in the same week in January 2017. To explain the spatiotemporal variation in taxi usage, multiple linear models were used to investigate taxi usage dynamics with alternative transport modes, socioeconomic factors, and built environments. In summary, this study proposes to develop an indicator to measure taxi usage using multiple data sources. We confirm that taxi usage dynamics exist in both temporal and spatial dimensions. In addition, the effects of taxi usage factors vary over each hour in a one-day cycle. These findings are useful for urban planning and transport management, in which the dynamic interactions between taxi demand and distribution of facilities should be included.
Dexmedetomidine infusion in the management of acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular recanalization: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Vincenzo Pota , Francesco Coletta , Crescenzo Sala , Antonio Tomasello , Francesco Coppolino , Vittoria Iorio , Maurizio Del Prete , Pasquale Sansone , Beatrice Passavanti Maria , Romolo Villani , Caterina Pace Maria 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background and purpose
Stroke is defined as a sudden onset of a neurological deficit caused by an acute focal injury to the central nervous system due to a vascular cause. It represents the second leading cause of death, the third leading cause of disability worldwide and the primary cause of disability in the elderly. Ischemic strokes are the most common (≈85%), the rest (≈15%) are hemorrhagic strokes, that include cerebral and subarachnoid. One of the commonly procedure used in patients with large-vessel occlusion is intra-arterial (IA) recanalization. Moderate conscious sedation (CS) and general anesthesia (GA) with intubation are the most used anesthesia techniques for patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular recanalization.

Methods
In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed data of registry before and after we have changed our sedation protocol from remifentanil/propofol (P/R group) infusion in total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) to intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine alone (D group). The primary endpoint was to determine the rate of conversion from CS to GA for each group. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of complications (bradycardia, hypotension, tachycardia, hypertension).

Results and conclusion
12 patients in P/R group need the conversion from CS to GA while only 5 patients in D group. There weren't significant differences between the 2 groups respect to heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) during the procedure, for the good neurological outcome (mRS score < 3, p > .05) and NIHSS score after 48 h (p > .05). There were several organizational and economic advantages with the conscious sedation procedure, such as reduction of occupation time in the operating room and reduction of postoperative Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay.
Use of expert consensus to develop a shared list of procedures with potential for aerosol generation during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors: Pepe Dana E. , Mehrotra Preeti , Bruno-Murtha Lou Ann , Colgrove Robert , Doron Shira , Duncan Robert , Ellison Richard , Haessler Sarah , Hooper David C. , Klompas Michael , Pierre Cassandra M. , Sandora Thomas J. , Shenoy Erica S. , Wright Sharon B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted the lack of agreement regarding the definition of aerosol-generating procedures and potential risk to healthcare personnel. We convened a group of Massachusetts healthcare epidemiologists to develop consensus through expert opinion in an area where broader guidance was lacking at the time.
Pekin ducks are motivated to lay in their preferred nest substrate
Authors: Barrett Lorelle , Maloney Shane K , Blache Dominique 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Nest design is one factor contributing to floor-laying in farmed poultry. We investigated: (i) if ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) prefer a particular nest substrate; and (ii) how important that preference is to them, indicated by stress-induced hyperthermia, egg albumen corticosterone, and behaviour. Twelve female ducks that were trained in a push-door task had temperature data loggers implanted. Preference testing identified the most and least preferred nest substrates between sawdust, astroturf, and hemp fibres. A behavioural demand test then required the ducks to use push-doors to access nests containing either the most or least preferred substrate. The preferred substrate door was loaded with increasing weight (0–120% of bodyweight, four nights per workload) and eventually blocked to prevent nest access. The least preferred substrate door remained unweighted. The overall rank order of substrate preferences was sawdust > hemp > astroturf. Six of the 12 birds pushed all workloads and attempted to push the blocked door. The area under the curve (AUC) of hyperthermia was larger when the preferred substrate door was blocked compared with 0%. The AUC did not differ between nights 2–4 of the blocked door compared with night 1. Egg albumen corticosterone was unaffected. We conclude that laying Pekin ducks prefer manipulatable nest substrates and accessing one is important enough to pay a cost. The results indicate that a manipulatable substrate should be provided to commercially farmed nesting ducks.
The March on Rome revisited. Silences, historians and the power of the counter-factual
Authors: Foot John 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis historiographical article will argue that the March on Rome (October–November 1922) was the end point of a serious and at that point unique insurrectionary project, which followed three intense years of Fascist violence (where the state had rarely if ever taken on the Fascists, and had often colluded passively or actively with them). It was accompanied by violence and constant threats of further violence, in Rome and across Italy. It was in no way a bluff – but also stood as a warning to all those who still imagined that Fascism could be opposed, on the streets, in parliament, or at the ballot box. The violence hit bystanders, but was also targeted at the private homes of communists, socialists and hated liberals, and at centres of urban resistance in Rome itself. This article will look in detail at the ways historians have understood the March on Rome, and systematically removed the violence from that event, ignored the March itself and played down the role of thesquadristi. It will also look at the powerful role of a ‘what if’ counter-factual which has dominated most accounts of the March on Rome to date, with some recent exceptions.
Exploration of possible sex bias in acute social stress research: a semi-systematic review
Authors: Rrapaj Artemida , Landau Anne M. , Winterdahl Michael 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStress can have a significant impact on the daily lives of individuals and can increase vulnerability to a number of medical conditions. This study aims to estimate the ratio of male to female participants in acute social stress research in healthy individuals. We examined original research articles published over the last 20 years. Each article was screened to determine the total number of female and male participants. We extracted data from 124 articles involving a total of 9539 participants. A total of 4221 (44.2%) participants were female, 5056 (53.0%) were male and 262 (2.7%) were unreported. Articles incorporating only females were significantly underrepresented compared to articles incorporating only males. Forty articles (63.5%) which presented data from both females and males, failed to analyse and interpret the results by sex, a significant methodological limitation. In conclusion, in the literature published over the last 20 years, female participants are significantly underrepresented. In the studies where females are represented, severe methodological limitations are apparent. Researchers should be conscious of sexual dimorphism, menstrual phase and use of hormonal contraception, which may impact the interpretation of their results.
Expanding our thinking about discrete emotions and politics
Authors: Redlawsk David P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn recent decades, political psychologists have given a lot of attention to the role of emotions in politics. While there have been several different research programs, the dominant paradigm has been set by affective intelligence theory (AIT), developed by George Marcus, Russell Neuman, and Michael Mackuen. AIT has helped explain many puzzles in understanding how emotions influence political decisions, as any good paradigm should. At the same time, I argue it has also had the effect of limiting broader research into the range of discrete emotions, especially contempt. While recognizing the value of AIT, I call for more research that goes beyond its boundaries, showing through several recent studies how a focus on the additional effects of contempt can improve our understanding of voter decision-making.
Aircraft program motion along a predetermined trajectory Part 1. Mathematical modelling
Authors: Blajer W. , Parczewski J. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryA mathematical model is presented of the aircraft program flight along a predetermined trajectory, with or without a specified speed history. Moreover, the aircraft is constrained to coordinated turns, which implies zero value of sideslip angle. The final equations of program motion are derived as a set of differential/algebraic equations. The aircraft control input ensuring the exact realisation of program constraints results from the transient dynamic solution of the equations of program motion. A simple numerical illustration is included.
Control of vortical separation on a circular cone
Authors: Mourtos N. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFor conical bodies, at moderate angles of attack, the flow separates from the lee side, forming two vortices. Although the vortex lift contribution is highly desirable, as the angle of attack increases, the vortex system becomes asymmetric, and eventually the vortices breakdown. Thus, some control of the separation process is necessary if the vortex lift is to be exploited at higher angles of attack.The theoretical model which is used in this analysis has three parts. First, the ‘single line-vortex’ model is used within the framework of ‘slender-body theory’ to compute the outer inviscid field for specified separation lines. Second, the 3-D boundary layer is represented by a momentum equation for the cross-flow, analogous to that for a plane boundary layer and a von Karman/Pohlhausen approximation is applied to solve this equation. The cross-flow separation for both laminar and turbulent layers is determined by matching the pressure at the upper and lower separation points. This iterative procedure yields a unique solution for the separation lines and consequently for the positions of the vortices and the vortex lift on the body. Third, control of separation is achieved by blowing tangentially from slots located symmetrically along cone generators.
Identification of time varying modal parameters
Authors: Cooper J. E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe ability to track time varying frequency and damping parameters using on-line versions of seven time domain system identification algorithms; Least Squares, Double Least Squares, Correlation Fit, Instrumental Variables, Instrumental Matrix with Delayed Observations, Extended Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood, is examined. Comparisons are made on results obtained from data generated from various simulated time varying systems, corrupted with both input and measurement noise, as a preliminary step before advancing onto real data. Only the Maximum Likelihood and Double Least Squares methods gave acceptable results on the most difficult data sets that were considered. The choice of an exponential weighting factor is crucial to the performance of the on-line methods when applied to data from time varying systems. The effect of assigning various values of the weighting factor is demonstrated. Further work is required to determine the optimum schemes for defining this parameter.
North Atlantic air traffic control
Authors: Berry Peter 
Published: March 2023

In 1989, more than 29 million passengers were flown across the North Atlantic Ocean in 167 000 scheduled and non-scheduled flights. At peak times during the Summer months, a trans-Atlantic flight was crossing the Shanwick Oceanic Control boundary every minute and more than 200 flights were reporting between 10 and 50 degrees West. Traffic counts exceeded 750 flights a day.The following account describes the more recent improvements to North Atlantic air traffic control, the early introduction of computers to the task, with their on-line data interchange between Oceanic Control Centres and the current computer supported services provided by the Shanwick and Gander Oceanic Area Control Centres.
Advanced technology – constant challenge and evolutionary process
Authors: Schmitt D. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Europe has a long tradition in the technical innovation and production of new advanced aeronautical concepts. However the talent to transfer these technical advances into a commercial success was missing. With the creation of Airbus Industrie and pooling of resources for a common product, the concept of a technically very advanced aircraft family which is competitive in the world market has been successfully applied. New technology remains a constant challenge and this paper describes the main axis of research and new technologies which are of interest for future application in civil transport aircraft. A general review is given of the main improvement potentials in aerodynamics, propulsion systems, airborne systems and new materials.
Wide angle diffusers with passive boundary-layer control
Authors: Raghunathan S. , Mcllwain T. , Mabey D. G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExperiments were made on a two-dimensional low speed diffuser with passive control. The passive control consisted of porous surfaces made of holes/slots connected by a breather passage. Passive control postpones the stall and reduces buffet levels in the diffuser. This test confirms that passive controls to prevent flow separation are not restricted to transonic speeds.
Calculation of support interferences on the aerodynamic coefficients for a windtunnel calibration model
Authors: Steinbach D. 
Published: March 2023

SummaryAn AGARD calibration model has been tested in the subsonic cryogenic windtunnel (KKK) of DLR Köln, model support interferences are calculated in the form of corrections to the aerodynamic coefficients. Two different model support systems are investigated: the model mounted on a horizontal sting (rear sting), and the model mounted on a vertical sting (ventral sting). Since for these configurations earlier experiments already exist, the corrections obtained are applied to these measurements for further verification. Furthermore the sting influences on the longitudinal static stability of the model are investigated in more detail.A 3D-panel method is used which allows simultaneous calculation of several displacing and lifting bodies of nearly arbitrary shapes in the flow. The aerodynamic coefficients are obtained by numerical integration of the surface pressure distribution on the model.
Performance of improved thin aerofoil theory for modern aerofoil sections
Authors: Abu-Abdou K. , Zedan M. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe improved thin aerofoil method, which features extended expressions for lift and moment coefficients, is considered for further investigation and validation. The procedure to calculate the singularity coefficients is improved by using all aerofoil coordinates as control points in a least squares scheme. The classical NACA 0012 and NACA 65012 sections, the modern aviation aerofoil LS(1)—0417 and the extremely thick Kennedy-Marsden aerofoil are validated in place of the previously cited Karman-Trefftz aerofoil. This selection covers thickness ratios of up to 27·9%, camber ratios up to 7·69% and incidence up to 16·7°. Comparisons of velocity (or pressure) distributions and aerodynamic coefficients are made with two panel methods and with exact solution or experimental results whichever is available. Results indicated that the accuracy of the extended method is much better than expected and compares well with panel methods except for the extremely thick aerofoil. Additional results in the form of a systematic investigation of a weighted global error in the pressure distribution for the Karman-Trefftz aerofoils used in the previous study, are also included. Such an error shows similar trends and in many cases comparable magnitude to the errors generated by panel methods.
Mach 4 and Mach 8 axisymmetric nozzles for a high-enthalpy shock tunnel
Authors: Jacobs P. A. , Stalker R. J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study examines the performance of two axisymmetric nozzles which were designed to produce uniform, parallel flow with nominal Mach numbers of 4 and 8. A free-piston-driven shock tube was used to supply the nozzle with high-temperature, high-pressure test gas. The inviscid design procedure treated the nozzle expansion in two stages. Close to the nozzle throat, the nozzle wall was specified as conical and the gas flow was treated as a quasi-one-dimensional chemically-reacting flow. At the end of the conical expansion, the gas was assumed to be calorically perfect and a contoured wall was designed (using Method-of-Characteristics) to convert the source flow into a uniform and parallel flow at the end of the nozzle. Performance was assessed by measuring Pitot pressures across the exit plane of the nozzles and, over the range of operating conditions examined, the nozzles produced satisfactory test flows. However, there were flow disturbances in the Mach 8 nozzle flow that persisted for significant times after flow initiation.
Intermittent fasting and bone health: a bone of contention?
Authors: Clayton David J. , Varley Ian , Papageorgiou Maria 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntermittent fasting (IF) is a promising strategy for weight loss and improving metabolic health, but its effects on bone health are less clear. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the preclinical and clinical evidence on IF regimens (the 5:2 diet, alternate-day fasting (ADF) and time-restricted eating (TRE)/time-restricted feeding and bone health outcomes. Animal studies have utilised IF alongside other dietary practices known to elicit detrimental effects on bone health and/or in models mimicking specific conditions; thus, findings from these studies are difficult to apply to humans. While limited in scope, observational studies suggest a link between some IF practices (e.g. breakfast omission) and compromised bone health, although lack of control for confounding factors makes these data difficult to interpret. Interventional studies suggest that TRE regimens practised up to 6 months do not adversely affect bone outcomes and may even slightly protect against bone loss during modest weight loss (< 5 % of baseline body weight). Most studies on ADF have shown no adverse effects on bone outcomes, while no studies on the ‘5–2’ diet have reported bone outcomes. Available interventional studies are limited by their short duration, small and diverse population samples, assessment of total body bone mass exclusively (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and inadequate control of factors that may affect bone outcomes, making the interpretation of existing data challenging. Further research is required to better characterise bone responses to various IF approaches using well-controlled protocols of sufficient duration, adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes and designed to include clinically relevant bone assessments.