bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative Management of Stable, Minimally Displaced Pertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Mercouris Matthew , Klopper Schalk , Swanepoel Stefan , Maqungo Sithombo , Laubscher Maritz , Roche Stephan , Kauta Ntambue 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Hip fractures are common, and account for significant morbidity and mortality. While surgical intervention remains the gold standard, nonoperative treatment protocols are seldom analysed and may be of value in select settings.

Objectives:
We sought to review our conservatively treated pertrochanteric fractures and present a case series that outlined indications, treatment protocol and early outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of medical records and radiographic imaging of all patients who presented with stable pertrochanteric fractures and were treated nonoperatively, from September 2017 to February 2021, at a Level 2 District Hospital in South Africa.

Results:
Of the 242 patients who were admitted with pertrochanteric fractures, 12 (4.9%) fractures were radiographically classified as AO 31A1.2 (stable, minimally displaced) and eligible for active nonoperative management. Within 6 weeks of injury, 10 (84%) of the patients who received active nonoperative treatment achieved union. Two patients (16%) failed the treatment protocol and required surgery, with one failing during the hospital phase of the treatment protocol and the other on follow up. In the group of united fractures, the neck shaft angle was on average within 3 degrees of the contralateral hip with a range of 0 to 5 degrees. At follow-up, two (16%) patients had a measurable shortening of 5 mm at union. There was no medical morbidity associated with this protocol.

Conclusions:
In our case series, the active nonoperative management protocol, involving early mobilisation and serial radiographs, in select cases of stable pertrochanteric fractures yielded acceptable outcomes. This is of relevance in low-middle income countries with limited surgical capacity.
Abdominal Trauma Imaging in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital—Our Experience with 87 Adult Patients
Authors: Adenuga Adedire Timilehin , Adeyeye Ademola 
Published: September 2023

Introduction:
Abdominal trauma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and medium-income countries (LMICs). Abdominal trauma imaging is important in determining the location and severity of organ injury, the need for surgery, and the identification of complications. The choice of imaging in abdominal trauma in LMICs is influenced by peculiar problems, which include the availability of imaging modality, expertise, and cost. There are few reports on options of trauma imaging in LMICs, and this study aimed to identify and characterise the type of imaging done for patients presenting with abdominal trauma at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective observational study of patients with abdominal trauma who presented at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital from 2013 to 2019. Records were identified, and data were extracted and analysed.

Results:
A total of 87 patients were included in the study. There were 73 males and 14 females. The abdominal ultrasound was the commonest modality done in 36 (41%) patients, whereas abdominal computed tomography was done in five (6%) patients. Eleven patients (13%) had no imaging done, and 10 of these patients proceeded to having surgery. In patients with intraoperative finding of perforated viscus, the sensitivity of radiography was 85% and specificity was 100%, whereas that of the ultrasound was 86.7% and 50% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The ultrasound scan was the commonest imaging done for patients who presented with features of haemorrhage (P = 0.04), odds ratio (OR) = 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–1.6), and patients with severe injury, P = 0.03, OR = 2.07 (95% CI = 1.06–4.06). Gender (P = 0.64), shock at presentation (P = 0.19), and mechanism of injury (P = 0.11) did not influence the choice of imaging.

Conclusions:
Abdominal trauma imaging in this setting was majorly via ultrasound and abdominal radiographs. Factors suggested to influence the pattern of abdominal trauma imaging in LMICs include the availability of specific imaging modality, cost, lack of standardisation and definite abdominal trauma protocols.
Single Dose Versus 72-Hour Course of Ceftriazone for Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Preventing Post-Caesarean Wound Infection
Authors: Zubairu Usman Danjuma , Abdul Mohammed A. , Bawa Umma Suleiman , Madugu Nana Hauwa 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Single dose antibiotic prophylaxis has been established as the standard for prevention of post-caesarean wound infection in most developed centers across the world. However, this is not the case in most developing countries including Nigeria where various multiple dose regimens are still being used due to paucity of locally generated evidence, and anecdotal suggestions of a higher risk of infectious morbidity in our environment.

Objectives:
This study was aimed to determine whether there was a significant difference in the incidence of post-caesarean section wound infection between a single dose and a 72-hour course of intravenous ceftriazone for antibiotic prophylaxis in selected patients undergoing both elective and emergency caesarean section.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled trial was carried out among 170 consenting parturients scheduled for elective or emergency caesarean section who met a set out selection criteria, between January and June 2016. They were divided randomly into two equal groups, A and B, of 85 each using the Windows WINPEPI software version 11.65 (Copyright J.H. Abrahamson, 22 Aug 2016) for randomization. Group A patients received a single dose of 1 g, whereas Group B patients were given a 72-hour course (1 g daily) of intravenous ceftriazone. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of clinical wound infection. The secondary outcome measures were the incidences of clinical endometritis and febrile morbidity. Data were collected using a structured proforma and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.

Results:
The overall incidence of wound infection was 11.2%; Group A had 11.8%, and Group B had 10.6%. Endometritis was 20.6%; Group A had 20% and Group B had 21.2%. Febrile morbidity was 4.1%; Group A had 3.5% and Group B had 4.7%. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of wound infection (relative risk [RR] = 1.113; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.433, 2.927; P = 0.808), endometritis (RR = 0.943; 95% CI = 0.442, 1.953; P = 0.850), and febrile morbidity (RR = 0.745, 95% CI = 0.161, 3.415; P = 0.700) between the two groups. Group A showed similar risk of developing wound infection compared to Group B (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
There was no significant difference in post-caesarean wound infection and other infectious morbidity between patients that received a single dose, and those that received a 72-hour course of ceftriazone for antibiotic prophylaxis. This suggests that single dose antibiotic prophylaxis with ceftriazone is similar to multiple dose regimens in efficacy with likely cost-effective advantage.
Post-operative Analgesic and Opioid-sparing Effect of a Single-dose Pre-operative Oral Pregabalin in Gynaecological Surgeries
Authors: Adegboye K. Adewale , Kolawole I. K. , Bolaji B. O. , Suleiman Z. A. , Adegboye M. B. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Post-operative pain treatment is a major challenge in our environment. Opioids may cause respiratory depression post-operatively. Therefore, any combination of opioid and non-opioid analgesics that provides quality post-operative pain control and reduces opioid consumption with its attendant side effects will be highly desirable.

Objectives:
The aim of this article is to evaluate analgesic benefits and opioid-sparing effects of pre-operative oral pregabalin in patients who undergo abdominal gynaecological surgeries.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study is carried out at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State, Nigeria. Eighty-two patients scheduled for gynaecological surgeries were randomized into two equal groups. The patients in the control and study groups received a placebo drug and oral pregabalin 150 mg, respectively, 1 h before induction of general anaesthesia. Post-operative pain intensity using a five-point Verbal Rating Scale, time to first request for analgesia, and 24 h post-operative pethidine consumptions were assessed. Mean values were compared using Student’s t-test. Categorical data were compared with the χ
2 test. Level of significance was set at 5% (0.05) and power of the study was 80%.

Results:
Demographic characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The median pain score was 0–2 (no pain–moderate pain) throughout the study. Post-operative static and dynamic pain scores at 1, 4, and 12 h were significantly higher in the placebo group (<0.001). Twenty-four hours post-operatively, there were no significant differences in static and dynamic pain scores between the two groups (P=0.131 and P=0.384, respectively). Time to first analgesic requirement and total pethidine consumed within 24 h post-operative were 47 ± 19 vs. 258 ± 137 min (P=0.001) and 326.19 ± 62.70 vs. 192.86 ± 55.84 mg (P=0.001) in the control and study groups, respectively. The pre-operative use of pregabalin reduced post-operative opioid requirement by 40.9% in the study group. Nausea and vomiting were more common in the placebo group, whereas dizziness, blurring of vision, and sedation were more common in the pregabalin group.

Conclusion:
A single pre-operative dose of 150 mg oral pregabalin had significantly greater analgesic effects compared with placebo and reduced post-operative opioid requirements in patients undergoing myomectomy or total abdominal hysterectomy. It should be considered an adjuvant in multimodal pain management regimens following gynaecological surgeries.
Evaluation of the efficacy of botulinum toxin pretreatment for the management of radiotherapy-induced salivary gland dysfunction
Authors: Hebish Houssam H. , Megahed Eman M. , Raghib Adel M. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Salivary glands intensively deteriorate when exposed to radiotherapy with a resultant reduction in saliva production and developing xerostomia-associated complications. Botox, a commercially available botulinum neurotoxin A performs chemical denervation and degranulation of salivary acinar cells.

Objective
To investigate, histopathologically, whether pretreatment botulinum toxin could potentially protect the gland cells from the deleterious effects of ionizing radiation.

Material and methods
Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Submandibular salivary glands were intraglandularly injected by either 2.5 U of botulinum in one group or an equal amount of saline in the other group before being exposed locally to 15 Gy of Cs137 γ-irradiation. Thirty days later, glands were harvested for histopathological assessment and calculation of acinar surface area.

Results
Botulinum-injected glands retained a near normal acinar architecture better than the saline group that showed marked serous atrophy and degeneration. Ductal and mucous cells were more radioresistant. A statistically significant difference existed between both groups in regards to serous acinar surface area P value less than 0.05.

Conclusion
Botulinum neurotoxin protected murine salivary gland acinar cells from ionizing radiation.
Microtensile bond strength of universal adhesive
Authors: AbulAzm AbdelMonem M. , Abdalla Ali I. , Hassan Mostafa M. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose
Evaluation of the effect of adhesive mode and CHX application on microtensile bond strength of the universal adhesive to caries-affected dentin.

Material and methods
Twenty human permanent molars with simple occlusal caries were collected. Teeth were randomly divided into two main equal groups according to adhesive mode (Etch and rinse {ER} or Self etch {SE}). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to CHX pretreatment with four subgroups obtained; A1: ER, A2: ER+CHX, B1: SE and B2: SE+CHX. Occlusal enamel was trimmed to obtain flat dentin surface composed of CAD surrounded by sound dentin. Universal adhesive was applied according to adhesive mode and CHX application followed by composite resin build-up. Specimens were stored in 5% citric acid for 3 months then subjected to 5000 cycles of thermocycling. Then, all specimens were sectioned into slabs and then bars with cross-section 0.9 ± 0.01 mm2. Bars with CAD were selected for μTBS test until failure. Failure modes analysis was determined using stereomicroscope.

Results
Both adhesive modes with and without CHX application tested on CAD presented similar μTBS (P > 0.05). Subgroup A1 recorded the highest μTBS followed by Subgroup B1 which is statically nonsignificant (P = 0.112). No statistically significant difference was found when comparing the effect of CHX on bond strength for both Subgroups A2 and B2 when compared with control groups (A1 and B1). Predominance of adhesive/mixed failure was noticed for all subgroups.

Conclusion
ER approach could not improve bonding performance of universal adhesives to CAD. CHX did not interfere with bond strength to CAD.
Pengenalan Strategi Pemasaran pada Produk UMKM Stick Pentol Arsya di Kelurahan Langkap Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Dani Rahman , Fanani Mualfin Fahrul Fanani , Mukhroji Mukhroji 
Published: September 2023

This dedication aims to analyze and identify marketing strategies that can be applied to introduce Stick Pentol Arsya, a micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) product, in Langkap Village, Brebes Regency. MSMEs play a significant role in the local economy but often face challenges in marketing their products.
The methods used in this study include interviews with the owner of Stick Pentol Arsya MSME, direct observation of the marketing environment, and providing a good and effective understanding of marketing strategies utilizing social media.
The research findings indicate that the marketing of Stick Pentol Arsya MSME products can be enhanced through several strategies. Firstly, a strong branding strategy by creating a unique and appealing brand identity to differentiate the product from competitors. Secondly, a promotional strategy through the use of social media and collaboration with local business partners to increase public interest in the product.
Furthermore, distribution strategy is also crucial in expanding the product's reach. Stick Pentol Arsya MSME can collaborate with mobile vendors, small shops, and distributors in the Bumiayu sub-district, particularly in the South Brebes region. Additionally, improving product quality and customer service is a key factor in building customer loyalty and satisfaction.
In facing market competition, Stick Pentol Arsya MSME needs to continually follow trends and explore new opportunities to develop their product. This dedication provides recommendations for Stick Pentol Arsya MSME to adopt comprehensive marketing strategies and utilize social media to enhance the success of their product marketing in Brebes Regency.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAAN KARANG LAUT SEBAGAI PENGGANTI AGREGAT KASAR TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN BETON
Authors: Purba Andrian Ripaldi , Manalu Leonardo , Ginting Rahelina 
Published: September 2023

Beton merupakan bahan yang sangat penting digunakan dalam bidang konstruksi. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari kekuatannya yang tinggi,kemudahan dalam pengerjaan, dan juga keawetannya. Sebagian besar proyek konstuksi di Indonesia bahkan dunia menggunakan beton. Maka dari itu penulis melakukan penelitian tentang beton, untuk mengetahui kekuatan dari pada beton tersebut. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan hasil perpaduan antara beton dengan bahan seperti karang laut. Penelitian tersebut menghasilkan yaitu respon yang bervariasi dari campuran karang laut. Menggunakan agregat yang berbeda dan persentase karang laut yang berbeda dari penelitian sebelumnya, penulis berharap besar agar penelitian ini dapat berhasil. Menggunakan agregat kasar yaitu batu pecah dari Binjai, dan juga agregat halus yaitu pasir dari sungai di Binjai. Benda uji yang berbentuk tabung dengan ukuran diameter 15 cm dan tinggi 30 cm. f’c 30 MPa adalah kuat tekan beton yang diharapkan tercapai. Laboratorium beton Teknik Sipil, Universitas Darma Agung Medan sebgai tempat pelaksanaan penelitoian. Dan pengujian yang dilaksanakan di laboratoriun Beton tersebut, akan menghasilkan kuat tekan beton.
ANALISA PEMILIHAN MODA TRANSPORTASI SIANTAR-BALIGE DENGAN METODE STATED PREFERENCE
Authors: Simarmata Romatua , Sirait Hendro Lambok , Debataraja Semangat , Lubis Yusuf Aulia 
Published: September 2023

Pemilihan moda transportasi memiliki peran yang penting dalam sebuah perencanaan sistem transportasi. Hal ini dikarenakan pentingnya mengetahui karakteristik serta perilaku pengguna moda dalam mendesain sarana maupun prasarana transportasi yang akan disediakan. Karakteristik umum penggunazmoda Bus didominasizoleh wanita dengan persentase 56% dan pada moda Mini Bus didominasizoleh Pria dengan persentase 57%. Rentang usia responden bus didominasi dengan rentang usia 41-50 tahun sebesar 36% dan Mini Bus dengan rentang usia 31-40 tahun sebesar 43%. Tingkat pendidikan terakhir responden bus adalah SMA dengan persentase 52% dan responden Mini Bus adalah sarjana dengan persentasi 48%. Pekerjaan responden bus didominasi bekerja di petani sebesar 31%, pada Mini Bus didominasi oleh wiraswastazsebesar 38%. Dengan maksud perjalanan responden bus dan Mini Bus adalah belanja sebesar 30% dan 27%. Berdasarkan tingkat penghasilan responden bus didominasi tingkat penghasilanzRp 1.500.000z–zRp 2.500.000 sebesar 33% dan Mini Bus dengan penghasilan >Rp 3.500.000 sebesarz38%. Alasan memilih moda bus karena harga/tarif sebesar 36% dan pada Mini Bus alasan kenyamanan sebanyak 41%.
ANALISADAYA DUKUNG PONDASI BORE PILE DAN STABILITAS ABUTMENT PADA PERENCANAAN JEMBATAN TITI PAYUNG HAMPARAN PERAK KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG
Authors: Sembiring Japrin Paulus , Ginting Erni Br. , Ginting Rahelina , Gultom Adventus 
Published: September 2023

Jembatan Titi Payung berada di Hamparan Perak Kabuaten Deli Serdang. Suatu jembatan harus direncanakan dengan baik agar dapat menahan berbagai beban yang dipikulnya seperti berat sendiri, beban lalu lintas, beban gempa, beban angin dan beban lain yang ada pada jembatan. Konstruksi jembatan adalah suatu konstruksi bangunan yang membuat jembatan mampu kokoh berdiri dan dapat dilewati kendaraan di atasnya. Dalam pembangunan jembatan dibutuhkan pondasi yang kuat agar mampu menahan seluruh beban jembatan ke dasar tanah. Konstruksi jembatan terdiri dari : 1). Bangunan atas : bagian utama yaitu struktur atas, struktur bagian bawah, jalan pendekat dan bangunan pengaman, 2). Bangunan bawah : terdiri dari struktur utama dan pangkal jembatan (abutment). Dalam tugas akhir ini, pembahasan dititik beratkan pada kajian struktur bawah Jembatan Titi Payung berada di Hamparan Perak. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan analisa daya dukung pondasi bore pile pada abutment konstruksi jembatan Titi Payung Hamparan Perak dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : 1).Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan daya dukung pondasi dari data SPT, maka diperoleh daya dukung pondasi pada kedalaman 40 m dengan metode Mayerhoff sebesar Qg =177730,3 kN >22064,361kN, 2).Perhitungan efisiensi kelompok tiangdengan menggunakan metode Converse-Labarre adalah : efisiensi kelompok tiang(Eg) = 0,793 yang berarti dengan konfigurasi 24 tiang memberikan 79,3 % besarnya nilai perhitungan pondasi tiang yang dapat dihitung.
Faculty willingness for continuing online teaching-post COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan
Authors: Noor-I-Kiran Naeem  , Muhammad Hamza Rana  , Khadija Waheed  
Published: September 2023

Objective: To determine faculty willingness for continuing online education after coronavirus disease-2019 in Pakistan, and to correlate it with perceived gain in experience in online teaching during the pandemic.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, Pakistan, from January to July 2021, and comprised medical faculty with teaching experience of at least 2 years. Data was collected using an online questionnaire though Google Forms. Multiple regression analysis was done to determine faculty willingness with perceived experience levels in online education. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.
Results: Of the 100 subjects approached, 68(68%) responded; 51(75%) females and 17(25%) males. Of the total, 30(44.1%) participants were aged 33-40 years, 25(37%) were from Basic Sciences, 27(39.7%) from Clinical Sciences, 16(23.5%) from Allied Health Sciences, and 39(57.4%) had teaching experience <5 years.. Overall, 39(57.4%) participants were willing to continue online education post-pandemic, 20(29.4%) agreed partially and 9(13.2%) did not agree. A positive linear relationship was found between willingness to continue online education and increase in perceived experience level in teaching online (p=0.021).
Conclusion: There was a significant difference between perceived experience level in online teaching before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic. Those with increase in perceived experience level were willing to continue online education.
Key Words: Online education, Post-COVID-19, Faculty, Willingness.
Factores de éxito que inciden en la competitividad de las cooperativas en Panamá
Authors: Barría Barría Carlos Iván 
Published: September 2023

El Sistema Cooperativo Panameño está conformado por más de 210 mil asociados hábiles, agremiados en unas 479 cooperativas a nivel nacional. A pesar de que el sistema ha experimentado un crecimiento constante en los últimos años aportando hasta un 4% del producto interno bruto del país, sólo un reducido número de cooperativas han alcanzado el éxito competitivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los factores que inciden en el éxito competitivo de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Panamá, cuyo propósito permitirá impulsar a los directivos y gerentes de otras empresas cooperativas a mejorar su posición en el mercado. La investigación se plantea mediante un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y de tipo correlacional. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de una encuesta aplicada a los gerentes y administradores de 63 cooperativas de ahorro y crédito en Panamá. Este instrumento contó con 32 preguntas que recogieron la información de factores que, según evidencia empírica, inciden en la competitividad de las cooperativas: tamaño, tecnología e inversión, estructura financiera, calidad y asociatividad. Los datos recolectados fueron analizados mediante regresiones ordinales utilizando SPSS. Los resultados mostraron que la variable desempeño económico tiene relación significativa alta con las variables: inversión en ciencia, tecnología e innovación, inversión en capacitación, autocontrol, transparencia, financiamiento externo, reservas y personal. Considerando p-valor (Sig.) de la prueba es menor que 0.05, se rechaza la hipótesis nula y el Pseudo R cuadrado Nagelkerke.