bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Study and Experimental Verification of Shear-Thinning Ink Flow in Direct Ink Writing Process
Authors: Guo Zipeng , Fei Fan , Song Xuan , Zhou Chi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Direct ink writing (DIW) process is a facile additive manufacturing technology to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) objects with various materials. Its versatility has attracted considerable interest in academia and industry in recent years. As such, upsurging endeavors are invested in advancing the ink flow behaviors in order to optimize the process resolution and the printing quality. However, so far, the physical phenomena during the DIW process are not revealed in detail, leaving a research gap between the physical experiments and its underlying theories. Here, we present a comprehensive analytical study of non-Newtonian ink flow behavior during the DIW process. Different syringe-nozzle geometries are modeled for the comparative case studies. By using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method, we reveal the shear-thinning property during the ink extrusion process. Besides, we study the viscosity, shear stress, and velocity fields, and analyze the advantages and drawbacks of each syringe-nozzle model. On the basis of these investigations and analyses, we propose an improved syringe-nozzle geometry for stable extrusion and high printing quality. A set of DIW printing experiments and rheological characterizations are carried out to verify the simulation studies. The results developed in this work offer an in-depth understanding of the ink flow behavior in the DIW process, providing valuable guidelines for optimizing the physical DIW configuration toward high-resolution printing and, consequently, improving the performance of DIW-printed objects.
Mixture of Experts for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Motor Thrust Models
Authors: Kawamura Evan , Azimov Dilmurat 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study aims to analyze three unmanned aerial vehicles’ static and dynamic motor thrust models and to compare them with flight test telemetry motor angular velocity data as ground truth. This comparison determines which model is the most accurate based on the root mean square of the difference between the motor models and the telemetry data values. The Burgers and Staples models are dynamic thrust models with nonlinear drag, while the Gibiansky model is a static thrust model with linear drag. The mixture of experts (MoE) architecture assigns weights to each thrust model through a gating network such that higher weights map to the more accurate models. Flight tests include two maneuvers: triangle and shoelace loop. The triangle maneuver uses the cornering option to stop and turn at each waypoint. In contrast, the shoelace loop maneuver uses the curved option to fly smooth curves at waypoints instead of stopping and turning at each waypoint. Simulation results of the motor thrust models use the telemetry data to compute the motor angular velocities with tuned model parameters tailored to the type of maneuver. Regarding motor angular velocity estimation, the Gibiansky and Burgers models tend to overestimate, while the Staples model tends to underestimate. The combination of the simulation results of the models with the mixture of experts allows us to achieve higher accuracy than any of the individual models.
Thermal batteries based on inverse barocaloric effects
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Li Kuo , Lin Shangchao , Song Ruiqi , Yu Dehong , Wang Yida , Wang Jingfan , Kawaguchi Shogo , Zhang Zhao , Yu Chenyang , Li Xiaodong , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Mole Richard , Yuan Bao , Ren Qingyong , Qian Kun , Cai Zhuangli , Yu Jingui , Wang Mingchao , Zhao Changying , Tong Xin , Zhang Zhidong , Li Bing 
Published: February 2023

To harvest and reuse low-temperature waste heat, we propose and realize an emergent concept—barocaloric thermal batteries based on the large inverse barocaloric effect of ammonium thiocyanate (NH
4
SCN). Thermal charging is initialized upon pressurization through an order-to-disorder phase transition, and the discharging of 43 J g
−1
takes place at depressurization, which is 11 times more than the input mechanical energy. The thermodynamic equilibrium nature of the pressure-restrained heat-carrying phase guarantees stable long-duration storage. The barocaloric thermal batteries reinforced by their solid microscopic mechanism are expected to substantially advance the ability to take advantage of waste heat.
Outcomes to 5 years of outborn versus inborn infants <32 weeks in Western Australia: a cohort study of infants born between 2005 and 2018
Authors: Davis Jonathan W , Seeber C E , Nathan Elizabeth A , Strunk Tobias , Gill Andy , Sharp Mary 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveWe compared mortality and morbidity of inborn versus outborn very preterm infants <32 weeks’ gestation in Western Australia (WA) between 2005 and 2018.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsInfants <32 weeks’ gestation who were born in WA.Main outcome measuresMortality was assessed as death before discharge home from the tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Short-term morbidities included combined brain injury (intracranial haemorrhage grade ≥3 and cystic periventricular leukomalacia) and other major neonatal outcomes. Developmental assessments at age 2, 3 and 5 years were evaluated. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis of outborn status on outcomes, controlling for gestational age, birth weight z-score, sex and multiple birth.ResultsA total of 4974 infants were born in WA between 22 and 32 weeks’ gestation between 2005 and 2018 of which 4237 (89.6%) were inborn and 443 (10.4%) were outborn. Overall mortality to discharge was higher in outborn infants (20.5% (91/443) vs 7.4% (314/4237); adjusted OR (aOR) 2.44, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.70, p<0.001). Outborn infants had higher rates of combined brain injury than those inborn (10.7% (41/384) vs 6.0% (246/4115); aOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.86), p<0.001). No difference in up to 5-year developmental measures was detected. Follow-up data were available for 65% of outborn and 79% of inborn infants.ConclusionsOutborn preterm infants <32 weeks in WA had increased odds of mortality and combined brain injury than those inborn. Developmental outcomes up to 5 years were similar between groups. Loss to follow-up may have impacted the long-term comparison.
Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy: should we preserve the pectoral fascia? Protocol of a Dutch double blinded, prospective, randomised controlled pilot study with a within-subject design (PROFAS)
Authors: Clarijs Marloes E , van Egdom Laurentine S E , Verhoef Cornelis , Vasilic Dalibor , Koppert Linetta B 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionBilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) in women with a high risk of developing breast cancer has shown to provide the greatest risk reduction. Many surgical guidelines recommend the removal of the pectoral fascia (PF) in mastectomies; however, there is no evidence to support this statement. Reported wound-related complications following mastectomy include seroma, flap necrosis, infection and haematoma. Seroma causes discomfort and may delay the reconstructive procedures. Whether removal or preservation of the PF influences drain volume, seroma formation and other postoperative complications following BPM remains unclear. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of removal versus preservation of the PF on drain policy and seroma after BPM.Methods and analysisThis is a double blinded, prospective, randomised controlled pilot study with a within-subject design. The inclusion criteria are women >18 years, presenting in the Academic Breast Cancer Centre Rotterdam, who are opting for BPM. Patients with a history or diagnosis of breast cancer are excluded. According to the sample size calculation based on the difference in total drain volume, a number of 21 eligible patients will be included. Randomisation will occur within the patient, which means PF preservation in one breast and PF removal in the contralateral breast. The primary study endpoint is total drainage volume. Secondary study outcomes include time to drain removal, number of needle aspirations, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the Erasmus Medical Center Review Board (REC 2020–0431). Results will be presented during international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.Trial registration numberNCT05391763; clinicaltrials.gov
‘If there is joy… I think it can work well’: a qualitative study investigating relationship factors impacting HIV self-testing acceptability among pregnant women and male partners in Uganda
Authors: Naughton Brienna , Bulterys Michelle A , Mugisha Jackson , Mujugira Andrew , Boyer Jade , Celum Connie , Weiner Bryan , Sharma Monisha 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesSecondary distribution of HIV self-test (HIVST) kits from pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) to their male partners is shown to increase HIV couples testing and disclosure, and is being scaled up in sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding couples-level barriers and facilitators influencing HIVST uptake is critical to designing strategies to optimise intervention coverage.DesignTo investigate these couples-level barriers and facilitiators, we conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Transcripts were analysed thematically and the interdependence model of communal coping and health behaviour change was adapted to explore factors impacting HIVST acceptability.SettingWe recruited pregnant women attending two public ANC clinics in Kampala, Uganda, and male partners of pregnant women between April 2019 and February 2020.ParticipantsWe conducted gender-stratified focus group discussions (N=14) and in-depth interviews (N=10) with pregnant women with and without HIV attending ANC, and male partners of pregnant women (N=122 participants).InterventionWe evaluated pregnant women’s and male partners’ perceptions of HIVST secondary distribution in Uganda, leveraging the interdependence model of communal coping and health behaviour change.Primary and secondary outcome measuresKey areas of focus included HIVST interest and acceptability, perspectives on HIV status disclosure to partners and gender roles.ResultsParticipants felt that predisposing factors, including trust, communication, fear of partner and infidelity, would influence women’s decisions to deliver HIVST kits to partners, and subsequent communal coping behaviours such as couples HIV testing and disclosure. Pregnancy was described as a critical motivator for men’s HIVST uptake, while HIV status of pregnant women was influential in couples’ communal coping and health-enhancing behaviours. Generally, participants felt HIV-negative women would be more likely to deliver HIVST, while women with HIV would be more hesitant due to concerns about discovery of serodifference and relationship dissolution. Participants stressed the importance of counsellor availability throughout the process including guidance on how women should approach their partners regarding HIVST and post-test support in case of a positive test.ConclusionsHIV-negative women in relationships with positive predisposing factors may be most likely to deliver HIVST and leverage interdependent coping behaviours. Women with HIV or those in relationships with negative predisposing factors may benefit from targeted counselling and disclosure support before and after HIVST kit distribution. Results can help support policy guidelines for HIVST kit distribution.
Segmentation analysis of the unvaccinated US adult population 2 years into the COVID-19 pandemic, 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022
Authors: Agaku Israel , Adeoye Caleb , Krow Naa Adjeley Anamor , Long Theodore 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveWe performed a segmentation analysis of the unvaccinated adult US population to identify sociodemographic and psychographic characteristics of those who were vaccine accepting, vaccine unsure and vaccine averse.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNationally representative, web-based survey.Participants211 303 participants aged ≥18 years were asked in the Household Pulse Survey conducted during 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022, whether they had ever received a COVID-19 vaccine. Those answering ‘No’ were asked their receptivity to the vaccine and their responses were categorised as vaccine averse, unsure and accepting. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) were calculated in separate multivariable Poisson regression models to evaluate the correlation of the three vaccine dispositions.ResultsOverall, 15.2% of US adults were unvaccinated during 1 December 2021 to 7 February 2022, ranging from 5.8% in District of Columbia to 29.0% in Wyoming. Of the entire unvaccinated population nationwide, 51.0% were vaccine averse, 35.0% vaccine unsure and 14.0% vaccine accepting. The likelihood of vaccine aversion was higher among those self-employed (APR=1.11, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.22) or working in a private company (APR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.17) than those unemployed; living in a detached, single-family house than in a multiunit apartment (APR=1.15, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.26); and insured by Veterans Affairs/Tricare than uninsured (APR=1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47). Reasons for having not yet received a vaccine differed among those vaccine accepting, unsure and averse. The percentage reporting logistical or access-related barriers to getting a vaccine (eg, difficulty getting a vaccine, or perceived cost of the vaccine) was relatively higher than those vaccine accepting. Those vaccine unsure reported the highest prevalence of barriers related to perceived safety/effectiveness, including wanting to ‘wait and see’ if the vaccines were safe (45.2%) and uncertainty whether the vaccines would be effective in protecting them from COVID-19 (29.6%). Those vaccine averse reported the highest prevalence for barriers pertaining to lack of trust in the government or in the vaccines (50.1% and 57.5% respectively), the perception that COVID-19 was not that big of a threat (32.2%) and the perception that they did not need a vaccine (42.3%).ConclusionsThe unvaccinated segment of the population is not a monolith, and a substantial segment may still get vaccinated if constraining factors are adequately addressed.
Inflammatory proteomics profiling for prediction of incident atrial fibrillation
Authors: Börschel Christin S , Ortega-Alonso Alfredo , Havulinna Aki S , Jousilahti Pekka , Salmi Marko , Jalkanen Sirpa , Veikko Salomaa , Niiranen Teemu , Schnabel Renate B 
Published: February 2023

ObjectiveAtrial fibrillation (AF) has emerged as a common condition in older adults. Cardiovascular risk factors only explain about 50% of AF cases. Inflammatory biomarkers may help close this gap as inflammation can alter atrial electrophysiology and structure. This study aimed to determine a cytokine biomarker profile for this condition in the community using a proteomics approach.MethodsThis study uses cytokine proteomics in participants of the Finnish population-based FINRISK cohort studies 1997/2002. Risk models for 46 cytokines were developed to predict incident AF using Cox regressions. Furthermore, the association of participants’ C reactive protein (CRP) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations with incident AF was examined.ResultsIn 10 744 participants (mean age of 50.9 years, 51.3% women), 1246 cases of incident AF were observed (40.5% women). The main analyses, adjusted for participants’ sex and age, suggested that higher concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (HR=1.11; 95% CI 1.04, 1.17), hepatocyte growth factor (HR=1.12; 95% CI 1.05, 1.19), CRP (HR=1.17; 95% CI 1.10, 1.24) and NT-proBNP (HR=1.58; 95% CI 1.45, 1.71) were associated with increased risk of incident AF. In further clinical variable-adjusted models, only NT-proBNP remained statistically significant.ConclusionOur study confirmed NT-proBNP as a strong predictor for AF. Observed associations of circulating inflammatory cytokines were primarily explained by clinical risk factors and did not improve risk prediction. The potential mechanistic role of inflammatory cytokines measured in a proteomics approach remains to be further elucidated.
$$B\rho $$-defined isochronous mass spectrometry and mass measurements of $$^{58}$$Ni fragments
Authors: Zhang M. , Zhou X. , Wang M. , Zhang Y. H. , Litvinov Yu. A. , Xu H. S. , Chen R. J. , Deng H. Y. , Fu C. Y. , Ge W. W. , Li H. F. , Liao T. , Litvinov S. A. , Shuai P. , Shi J. Y. , Sidhu R. S. , Song Y. N. , Sun M. Z. , Suzuki S. , Wang Q. , Xing Y. M. , Xu X. , Yamaguchi T. , Yan X. L. , Yang J. C. , Yuan Y. J. , Zeng Q. , Zhou X. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA novel isochronous mass spectrometry, termed as $$B\rho $$

B
ρ

-defined IMS, has been established at the experimental cooler-storage ring CSRe in Lanzhou. Its potential has been studied through high precision mass measurements of $$^{58}$$

58

Ni projectile fragments. Two time-of-flight detectors were installed in one of the straight sections of CSRe, thus enabling simultaneous measurements of the velocity and the revolution time of each stored short-lived ion. This allows for calculating the magnetic rigidity $$B\rho $$

B
ρ

and the orbit length C of each ion. The accurate $$B\rho (C)$$

B
ρ
(
C
)

function has been constructed, which is a universal calibration curve used to deduce the masses of the stored nuclides. The sensitivity to single stored ions, fast measurement time, and background-free characteristics of the method are ideally suited to address nuclides with very short lifetimes and smallest production yields. In the limiting case of just a single particle, the achieved mass resolving power allows one to determine its mass-over-charge ratio m/q with a remarkable precision of merely $$\sim 5$$

∼
5

keV. Masses of $$T_z=-3/2$$

T
z

=
-
3
/
2

fp-shell nuclides are re-determined with high accuracy, and the validity of the isospin multiplet mass equation is tested up to the heaviest isospin quartet with $$A=55$$

A
=
55

. The new masses are also used to investigate the mirror symmetry of empirical residual proton-neutron interactions.
Trace anomaly and induced action for a metric-scalar background
Authors: Asorey Manuel , e Silva Wagno Cesar , Shapiro Ilya L. , do Vale Públio R. B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe conformal anomaly and anomaly-induced effective action represent useful and economic ways to describe semiclassical contributions to the action of gravity. We discuss the anomaly in the case when the background is formed by metric and scalar fields and formulate the induced action in two standard covariant forms. The analysis of induced action at low energies reveals existing connection to the renormalization group and effective potential. The classification of anomalous terms is extended to the scalar background and ambiguities in the total derivative terms in the anomaly are considered using Pauli–Villars regularization.
Enhancement of thermoelectric energy harvesting of thermal fluctuations with thermocapillary flows in phase-change materials embedded in metallic foams
Authors: Madruga Santiago 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe present a complete model of a thermoelectric micro-energy harvester to transform ambient thermal fluctuations into electricity that couples a thermoelectric generator (TEG) to a heat storage unit (HSU) filled by a phase-change material embedded in a metallic foam subjected to convective flows due to the Marangoni effect. Convective heat transfer at the HSU is simulated with the Darcy–Brinkman–Forchheimer bulk equations, a shear stress boundary depending on the porosity, and the phase change with the enthalpy-porosity method. The porous matrix weakens the Marangoni effect by decreasing the surface shear stress while increasing the effective thermal conductivity. Introducing the metallic foam multiplies the efficiency in the transformation between thermal spatial gradients and electric energy with respect to only Marangoni driving. For a heat storage unit of 8 cm $$\times$$
×
1 cm, Darcy number Da $$=10^{-2}$$

=

10

-
2

coupled to a TEG with Seebeck coefficient 0.027, we find that the harvested energy multiplies with respect to a base PCM driving by Marangoni: 3.2 times (23.6 J) for porosity $$\epsilon =0.95$$

ϵ
=
0.95

, 3.9 times (28.4 J) for $$\epsilon =0.9$$

ϵ
=
0.9

, 4.3 times (31 J) for $$\epsilon =0.85$$

ϵ
=
0.85

. Decreasing the permeability augments the resistance to the convective flows and slightly reduces the electric energy generated.
Finite Element Simulation of Fiber Reinforced Composites Under Bi-Axial Loading
Authors: Gomez Calvin , Dunn Mitchell , Veidt Martin , Reiner Johannes 
Published: February 2023

Advances in testing of composite materials in recent years have mostly resulted in the ability to actively characterize the uniaxial response of composites while investigations of multiaxial load cases are rare due to various challenges. One of these challenges is the lack of a suitable specimen geometry for multiaxial testing without unwanted failure modes. Ideally, such geometry should be developed and assessed virtually by means of simulation before costly and time-consuming manufacturing and testing. Therefore, reliable, and efficient simulation methods are required that incorporate the evolution of damage in FRP composites. This study investigates various geometric features virtually of cruciform specimens to test fiber-reinforced composites subjected to in-plane biaxial tensile loadings. The goal is to achieve uniform failure in the gauge region of the specimen due to biaxial stress states and to reduce any premature failure outside the gauge region. Efficient finite element simulation in the commercial software LS-DYNA is used to identify the optimal geometric features.
Obstetrical Trauma: Reducing the Burden of Trauma Transfer to Tertiary Care Centers
Authors: Kirk Charlotte H. , Ciraulo Giovanni E. , Ciraulo Rocco S. , Falank Carolyne R. , Ciraulo David L. 
Published: February 2023

Background In rural state trauma systems, management of the obstetrical trauma patient often defaults to transfer to level I trauma centers. We evaluate the necessity of transferring obstetrical trauma patients without severe maternal injury. Materials and Methods A retrospective 5-year review of obstetrical trauma patients admitted to a rural state-level I trauma center was conducted. Injury severity measures such as abdominal AIS, ISS, and GCS were correlated with outcomes. Furthermore, the impact of maternal and gestational age on uterine compromise, uterine irritability, and the need for cesarean section intervention are presented. Results Twenty-one percent of patients were transferred from outside facilities with a median age of 29 years, average ISS of 3.9 ± 5.6, GCS of 13.8 ± 3.6, and abdominal AIS of 1.6 ± .8. Outcomes included maternal fatality of 2%, fetal demise of 4%, 6% experienced premature rupture of membranes, 9% experienced fetal placental compromise, 15% had uterine contractions, 15% of cesarean deliveries, and fetal decelerations occurred in 4%. Predictors of fetal compromise are strongly associated with high maternal ISS and low GCS. Discussion The frequency of traumatic injury in this unique population of patients is fortunately limited. The best predictor for fetal demise and uterine irritability is maternal injury severity, measured by ISS and GCS. Therefore, without severe maternal trauma, obstetrical trauma patients with minor injuries can safely be managed at non-tertiary care facilities with obstetrical capabilities.