bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of a Multi-morbidity Index (MMI) in Patients Receiving Home Parenteral Nutrition (HPN)
Authors: Rothkopf Michael M. , Rothkopf Zachary S. , Pant Mohan D. , Brown Rebecca , Haselhorst Jamie , Gagliardotto Francine , Stevenson Debbie , DePalma Andrew , Saracco Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionAlthough HPN patients often have concomitant medical conditions, little has been done to assess the role of multi-morbidity in relation to HPN care (1-3). A validated method for determining multi-morbidity in HPN patients could be beneficial in determining the needs and risks for each HPN patient.We previously studied the effect of a multidisciplinary nutritional support team (MNST) on quality improvement HPN care (QIP-PN) (4). In a secondary analysis, we explored the options for measuring multi-morbidity of patients in the QIP-PN study. In this report, we describe the results of a pilot study on measuring multi-morbidity in HPN patients to determine its value in HPN care.ObjectiveDetermine the role of multi-morbidity scoring in HPN care.Methods60 HPN patients (30 study patients and 30 case-matched controls) were reviewed for demographics, CIRS Score, number of PN formula changes, hospitalizations and hospital length of stay. Histograms were produced to visually examine the data and cutoffs were selected for CIRS scores based on this information. A matrix plot was drawn showing Spearman correlations among the three variables of interest. The data was then subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Tests and Negative Binomial Regression Models to determine if the groups differed significantly.Results28 patients had CIRS scores <17, while 32 patients had CIRS scores ≥17. The results of negative binomial regression indicate that the number of hospitalizations was a significant predictor of total hospital LOS at the 5% alpha level and that the total hospital LOS of patients with a CIRS Score <17 was significantly different from that of patients with a CIRS≥17 at 5% alpha level.ConclusionWe found the CIRS method was well suited to use in HPN patients. It was easy to learn and perform. It provided a single variable which could be used a summary statement of patient multimorbidity. When the CIRS data on 60 long term HPN patients was analyzed, a trend emerged wherein a higher CIRS score was associated with greater hospital LOS. This approach requires greater study and validation.Key Messages Box1.What is already known on this topic?The risk of HPN complications is known to relate to patient demographics, length of functional bowel, duration of HPN therapy and macronutrient content. A validated method for determining multi-morbidity in HPN patients could be beneficial in determining the needs of and risk for each HPN patient.2.What this study addsThe study the explores the role of measuring multi-morbidity scoring in HPN care to determine the risk of adverse effects during therapy.3.How this study might affect research, practice or policy?The study suggests that using CIRS scoring for HPN patients could help healthcare providers and payors allocate resources based on risk analysis.
Digital markers of motor speech impairments in natural speech of patients with ALS-FTD spectrum disorders
Authors: Shellikeri Sanjana , Cho Sunghye , Ash Sharon , Gonzalez-Recober Carmen , McMillan Corey T. , Elman Lauren , Quinn Colin , Amado Defne A. , Baer Michael , Irwin David J , Massimo Lauren , Olm Chris , Liberman Mark , Grossman Murray , Nevler Naomi 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesPatients with ALS-FTD spectrum disorders (ALS-FTSD) have mixed motor and cognitive impairments and require valid and quantitative assessment tools to support diagnosis and tracking of bulbar motor disease. This study aimed to validate a novel automated digital speech tool that analyzes vowel acoustics from natural, connected speech as a marker for impaired articulation due to bulbar motor disease in ALS-FTSD.MethodsWe used an automatic algorithm called Forced Alignment Vowel Extraction (FAVE) to detect spoken vowels and extract vowel acoustics from 1 minute audio-recorded picture descriptions. Using automated acoustic analysis scripts, we derived two articulatory-acoustic measures: vowel space area (VSA, in Bark2) which represents tongue range-of-motion (size), and average second formant slope of vowel trajectories (F2 slope) which represents tongue movement speed. We compared vowel measures between ALS with and without clinically-evident bulbar motor disease (ALS+bulbar vs. ALS-bulbar), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) without a motor syndrome, and healthy controls (HC). We correlated impaired vowel measures with bulbar disease severity, estimated by clinical bulbar scores and perceived listener effort, and with MRI cortical thickness of the orobuccal part of the primary motor cortex innervating the tongue (oralPMC). We also tested correlations with respiratory capacity and cognitive impairment.ResultsParticipants were 45 ALS+bulbar (30 males, mean age=61±11), 22 ALS-nonbulbar (11 males, age=62±10), 22 bvFTD (13 males, age=63±7), and 34 HC (14 males, age=69±8). ALS+bulbar had smaller VSA and shallower average F2 slopes than ALS-bulbar (VSA: |d|=0.86,p=0.0088; F2 slope: |d|=0.98,p=0.0054), bvFTD (VSA: |d|=0.67,p=0.043; F2 slope: |d|=1.4,p<0.001), and HC (VSA: |d|=0.73,p=0.024; F2 slope: |d|=1.0,p<0.001). Vowel measures declined with worsening bulbar clinical scores (VSA: R=0.33,p=0.033; F2 slope: R=0.25,p=0.048), and smaller VSA was associated with greater listener effort (R=-0.43,p=0.041). Shallower F2 slopes were related to cortical thinning in oralPMC (R=0.50,p=0.03). Neither vowel measure was associated with respiratory nor cognitive test scores.ConclusionsVowel measures extracted with automatic processing from natural speech are sensitive to bulbar motor disease in ALS-FTD and are robust to cognitive impairment.
Feasibility of multicomponent exercise training with beat-accentuated music among community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate cognitive decline
Authors: Park Kyoung Shin , Buseth Lake , Hong Jiyeong , Etnier Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a music-based, multicomponent exercise intervention among community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment.Methods13 older adults aged 85±9 years with mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment completed multicomponent exercise training for 20 weeks at an independent living facility. Participants received aerobic, resistance, and balance training paired with beat-accentuated music stimulation (BMS). Participants’ adherence to the training was tracked down and their cognitive and physical functioning and quality of life were assessed at pre- and post-test.Results13 participants attended an average of 4.6 days/week over 20 weeks and reported high satisfaction with the intervention (90.6%). Participants showed significant improvement in global cognition, cognitive processing speed, and walking endurance/aerobic fitness at post-test.ConclusionsThese findings support the feasibility of music-based, multicomponent exercise training for older adults in an independent living facility and set the stage for future studies to test the efficacy of music on physical activity and ensuing health outcomes.Clinical ImplicationsMusic-based, multicomponent exercise training can be beneficial for community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate cognitive decline. BMS can be combined with exercise training to manipulate exercise tempo and may provide a source of motivation to help older adults adhere to exercise.
Individual Differences in the Effects of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation on Economic Decision Making and Psychotic Risk in Children
Authors: Park Junghoon , Cho Minje , Lee Eunji , Kim Bo-Gyeom , Kim Gakyung , Joo Yoonjung Yoonie , Cha Jiook 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how a child’s social and economic surroundings influence their mental development and potential for psychological disorders is essential for unpacking the origins of mental health issues. This study, using up-to-date machine learning-based causal inference methods, tested the relationships between neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, delay discounting, and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in 2,135 children considering the wide range of covariates. We found that a greater neighborhood deprivation led to steeper future reward discounting and a higher psychosis risk, evident over 1-year and 2-year follow- ups. We also discovered, across children, significant individual differences in the effect of neighborhood adversity on childhood PLEs, particularly hallucinational symptoms. Children particularly vulnerable to PLEs in adverse neighborhoods exhibited steeper future reward discounting, higher cognitive performance polygenic scores, notable neuroanatomical alterations, including reduced volume, surface area, and white matter in limbic regions. Furthermore, these children displayed increased BOLD reactivity within the prefrontal-limbic system during Monetary Incentive Delay tasks across various reward/loss versus neutral conditions. These findings underscore the intricate interaction between the brain’s reward processing mechanisms and external socioeconomic elements in shaping the risk of psychosis in children.
Application of the Robson Classification in Assessing Cesarean Section Rates: An Audit of a Tertiary Care Hospital’s Gynecology Department in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Abidi Syed Muhammad Aqeel , Abbas Shahida , Abidi Syeda Tayyaba Fatima , Hussain Namayah , Haresh Sonia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe increasing rate of cesarean sections (CS) is a significant concern for healthcare providers worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that CS rates should not exceed 10-15% at the population level. The Robson classification system is a widely used tool for assessing and comparing CS rates based on the indications and patient population across different hospitals and obstetric populations. This audit report will help identify areas for improvement in obstetric care practices and facilitate the development of strategies to optimize obstetric care and reduce CS rates, thereby improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study utilizing hospital records was conducted from January 1st, 2022, to December 31st, 2022, at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Holy Family Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. During the study period of one year, a total of 449 cesarean sections were conducted, which were classified into the ten groups of The Robson Classification. Group CS rate, Group size, Relative contribution of group to overall CS rate, and Absolute group contribution to overall CS rate was calculated for each group. Overall indications of CS in all groups was analyzed and based on the results interventions were suggested to be implemented to optimize CS.Results1464 women were delivered during this one year period. A total of 507 CS were our ‘population of interest’. Of the cesarean sections performed, 48.8% (247) were elective and 51.2% (260) were emergency. The Robson classification group 5 (51.9%), group 2 (18.5%), and group 10 (14.4%) respectively were the major contributor to the overall CS rate. The main indications for CS were previous history of caesarean section (32.3%), non-progress of labor (21.15%), and cephalopelvic disproportion (16.92%).ConclusionIt is crucial to develop strategies to decrease the unnecessary CS rate while ensuring safe and appropriate obstetric care. Furthermore, there is a need for further research to identify the underlying factors contributing to the high CS rates and to develop effective interventions to address this issue. Implementation of these strategies may lead to improved maternal and fetal outcomes, reduced healthcare costs, and increased patient satisfaction.
HOW COMPLETE ARE TOBACCO SALES DATA? ASSESSING THE COMPREHENSIVENESS OF TOBACCO PRODUCT RETAIL SALES DATA THROUGH COMPARISONS TO EXCISE TAX COLLECTIONS
Authors: Liber Alex C. , Faraji Maryam , Ranganathan Radhika , Friedman Abigail S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionSales data analyses are increasingly used to guide tobacco regulatory science. However, such data do not cover specialist retailers like vape shops or tobacconists. Understanding the extent of the cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) markets covered by sales data is critical to establishing such analyses’ generalizability and potential biases.MethodsSales data from Information Resources Incorporated (IRI) and Nielsen Retail Scanner data are used to conduct a tax gap analysis, comparing state tax collections based on cigarette and ENDS sales data to states’ annual 2018-2020 cigarette tax collections and monthly ENDS and cigarette tax revenue data for January 2018 to October 2021. Cigarette analyses consider the 23 US states covered by both IRI and Nielsen. ENDS analyses consider the subset of those states with per unit ENDS taxes: Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio, and Washington.ResultsAcross states covered by both sales datasets, IRI’s mean cigarette sales coverage was 92.3% (95% CI 88.3-96.2%), while Nielsen’s was 84.0% (95% CI 79.3-88.7%). Coverage rates for average ENDS sales were lower, ranging from 42.3% to 86.1% for IRI and 43.6% to 88.5% for Nielsen, but remained stable over time.ConclusionsIRI and Nielsen sales data capture almost the entire US cigarette market and, while coverage rates are lower, a substantial portion of the US market for ENDS as well. Coverage rates are relatively stable over time. Thus, with proper care to address shortcomings, sales data analyses can capture changes in the US market for these tobacco products.ImplicationsPolicy evaluations and analyses using e-cigarette and cigarette sales data are often criticized because these data do not cover online sales or sales by specialty retailers like tobacconists.Cigarette sales data consistently cover nearly 90% of taxed sales, while e-cigarette sales data cover around 50% of taxed volumes.Retail sales data capture nearly all cigarette sales and a substantial portion of ENDS sales with relatively stable rates of coverage over time, supporting their continued use in tobacco surveillance and policy evaluation work.
Adrenomedullin promotes interneuron migration in a dual human model for hypoxic interneuronopathy of prematurity
Authors: Michno Wojciech P. , Puno Alyssa , Li Li , Everitt Amanda , McCluskey Kate , Birey Fikri , Htun Saw , Nagar Dhriti , Dai Yuqin , Gurwitz Emily , Willsey A. Jeremy , Pasca Anca M. 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYExtremely preterm born individuals at < 28 postconceptional weeks (PCW) are at high risk for encephalopathy of prematurity and life-long neuropsychiatric conditions. Clinical studies and animal models of preterm brain injury suggest that encephalopathy of prematurity is strongly associated with exposure to hypoxia and/or inflammation in the perinatal period. Histologic examination of postmortem brain tissue from children born preterm demonstrates decreased numbers of cortical GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the decreased numbers of GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex of extremely preterm individuals remain unclear. Here, we developed a dual, complementary human cellular model to study hypoxia-induced interneuronopathies using human forebrain assembloids (hFA) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) andex vivohuman prenatal cerebral cortex at mid-gestation. The hFA are generated through the integration of region-specific neural organoids containing either dorsal forebrain (excitatory) glutamatergic neurons or ventral forebrain (inhibitory) GABAergic interneurons. We discover a substantial reduction in migration of cortical interneurons during exposure to hypoxic stress in both hFA andex vivohuman prenatal cerebral cortex. Next, we identify that this migration defect is restored by supplementation of hypoxic cell culture media with exogenous adrenomedullin (ADM), a peptide hormone member of the calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) family. Lastly, we demonstrate that the rescue is mediated through increased activity of the PKA molecular pathway and increased pCREB-dependent expression of GABA receptors. Overall, these findings provide important insights into the cellular mechanisms contributing to cortical interneuron depletion in preterm infants, and pinpoint novel therapeutic molecular pathways with high translational potential for hypoxic encephalopathy of prematurity.
ClearX9™: an efficient alternative to fetal bovine serum for growing animal cells in vitro
Authors: Gautam Sumit , Verma Neeraj , Manvati Siddharth , Dhar Pawan K. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTFetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a nutrient-rich fluid that contains nutritional and macromolecular factors essential for cell growth. Every year millions of pregnant cows are slaughtered in search of FBS leading to huge environmental consequences. Here we report ClearX9™ - an affordable, sustainable, ethical, and effective replacement for FBS. ClearX9™ cell culture medium was used to grow HeLa (cervical cancer cells), HEK293T (embryonic kidney transformed cells) and Nthy Ori-3-1 (primary thyroid follicular transformed epithelial cells) and showed encouraging growth patterns and good cellular health. Compared with the FBS-enriched cell culture medium, ClearX9™ scored positive on all the parameters suggesting ClearX9™ as a credible alternative to FBS. In future, more work is required to establish the efficacy of ClearX9™ in toxicology testing, bio-manufacturing, regenerative medicine, and vaccine research.HIGHLIGHTSClearX9™ provides good nutritional support for the growth of animal cellsClearX9™ cell growth performance is comparable to the serum-enriched mediumClearX9™ maintains a healthy morphological profile of cells during divisionClearX9™ generates a stress-free environment within cellsClearX9™ does not require animal slaughter and reduces carbon footprintClearX9™ has applications in biotechnology and cell cultivated meat industry
Brain-wide Correspondence Between Neuronal Epigenomics and Long-Distance Projections
Authors: Zhou Jingtian , Zhang Zhuzhu , Wu May , Liu Hanqing , Pang Yan , Bartlett Anna , Rivkin Angeline , Lagos Will N. , Williams Elora , Lee Cheng-Ta , Miyazaki Paula Assakura , Aldridge Andrew , Zeng Qiurui , Salinda J.L. Angelo , Claffey Naomi , Liem Michelle , Fitzpatrick Conor , Boggeman Lara , Yao Zizhen , Smith Kimberly A. , Tasic Bosiljka , Altshul Jordan , Kenworthy Mia A. , Valadon Cynthia , Nery Joseph R. , Castanon Rosa G. , Patne Neelakshi S. , Vu Minh , Rashid Mohammad , Jacobs Matthew , Ito Tony , Osteen Julia , Emerson Nora , Lee Jasper , Cho Silvia , Rink Jon , Huang Hsiang-Hsuan , Pinto-Duartec António , Dominguez Bertha , Smith Jared B. , O’Connor Carolyn , Zeng Hongkui , Lee Kuo-Fen , Mukamel Eran A. , Jin Xin , Behrens M. Margarita , Ecker Joseph R. , Callaway Edward M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSingle-cell genetic and epigenetic analyses parse the brain’s billions of neurons into thousands of “cell-type” clusters, each residing in different brain structures. Many of these cell types mediate their unique functions by virtue of targeted long-distance axonal projections to allow interactions between specific cell types. Here we have used Epi-Retro-Seq to link single cell epigenomes and associated cell types to their long-distance projections for 33,034 neurons dissected from 32 different source regions projecting to 24 different targets (225 source →target combinations) across the whole mouse brain. We highlight uses of this large data set for interrogating both overarching principles relating projection cell types to their transcriptomic and epigenomic properties and for addressing and developing specific hypotheses about cell types and connections as they relate to genetics. We provide an overall synthesis of the data set with 926 statistical comparisons of the discriminability of neurons projecting to each target for every dissected source region. We integrate this dataset into the larger, annotated BICCN cell type atlas composed of millions of neurons to link projection cell types to consensus clusters. Integration with spatial transcriptomic data further assigns projection-enriched clusters to much smaller source regions than afforded by the original dissections. We exemplify these capabilities by presenting in-depth analyses of neurons with identified projections from the hypothalamus, thalamus, hindbrain, amygdala, and midbrain to provide new insights into the properties of those cell types, including differentially expressed genes, their associated cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor binding motifs, and neurotransmitter usage.
High performance anion exchange chromatography purification of probiotic bacterial extracellular vesicles enhances purity and anti-inflammatory efficacy
Authors: Piroli Nicholas H. , Reus Laura Samantha C. , Mamczarz Zuzanna , Khan Sulayman , Bentley William E. , Jay Steven M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have emerged as a promising new class of vaccines and therapeutics to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases, among other applications. However, clinical translation of BEVs is hindered by a current lack of scalable and efficient purification methods. Here, we address downstream BEV biomanufacturing limitations by developing a method for orthogonal size- and charge-based BEV enrichment using tangential flow filtration (TFF) in tandem with high performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC). The data show that size-based separation co-isolated protein contaminants, whereas size-based TFF with charged-based HPAEC dramatically improved purity of BEVs produced by probiotic Gram-negativeEscherichia coliand Gram-positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB).E. coliBEV purity was quantified using established biochemical markers while improved LAB BEV purity was assessed via observed potentiation of anti-inflammatory bioactivity. Overall, this work establishes orthogonal TFF + HPAEC as a scalable and efficient method for BEV purification that holds promise for future large-scale biomanufacturing of therapeutic BEV products.