bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the factors affecting the implementation of corporate social responsibility from a strategic perspective
Authors: Wu Chao-Chan , Cheng Fei-Chun , Sheh Dong-Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn general, the objective of a company is to pursue higher returns for its shareholders. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an ethical practice that seems to be contrary to the objectives of companies; as a result, companies lack sufficient motivation to implement CSR. Academics and practitioners have recently begun considering CSR from a strategic perspective. However, the definition and scope of strategic CSR have not been clearly defined or discussed in previous studies. This study uses the strategic triangle perspective as a theoretical basis to explore the key factors affecting the implementation of strategic CSR. Three main factors and ten sub-factors were summarized to form a hierarchical network structure based on a literature review. The weights of each factor and sub-factor were then prioritized using the analytic network process (ANP). The results of this study show that “company” is the most important main factor, while “corporate image”, “innovation ability”, “reputation risk”, “financial capacity”, and “investment intention” are the top five important sub-factors. The hierarchical network structure and critical factors suggested in this study contribute to implementing strategic CSR. The findings of this study will also help the theoretical development in the field of CSR.
Examining the superiority of the Sharpe single-index model of portfolio selection: A study of the Indian mid-cap sector
Authors: Mistry Janki , Khatwani Ritesh Ashok 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe purpose of the article was to examine the superiority and efficacy of Sharpe’s single-index model of portfolio optimisation. The study has attempted to build an optimal portfolio of Indian mid-cap companies using William Sharpe’s single-index model. The methodology is also known as the Market model. A portfolio was selected from the Nifty mid-cap 100 index of the NSE. MS-Excel 365 has been used for the analysis. The optimal portfolio returns during the fixed period of analysis were compared with the returns of the benchmark market portfolio. The return of the optimal portfolio using Sharpe’s model was found to be considerably higher than the benchmark market portfolio and the risk of the same was found to be much lower. Hence it could be established that in the five years of the study period, the optimal portfolio outperformed the benchmark market portfolio—the Nifty mid-cap 100 index. The selected optimal portfolio was also found to be well diversified comprising 11 securities and eight sectors. The limitation of this model is that it was based on historical data and hence, in case of extreme market conditions, the optimal portfolio could fail to give superior returns. Sharpe’s model resolves most of the technical difficulties of the earlier portfolio models and can very well be used by individual investors as well as portfolio managers worldwide to build optimal portfolios. The study has focussed on the mid-cap sector which is riskier than the large-cap sector. This is one of the first studies which has shown the efficacy of the single-index model for mid-cap companies in India.
Acousto-electric measurements at 2.5 GHz on graphene transferred onto YX128°-LiNbO3
Authors: Costanza Mario , La Spina Léa , Moreira Arthur De Sousa Lopes , Belharet Djaffar , Bartasyte Ausrine , Margueron Samuel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Surface acoustic wave delay lines with an operational frequency of 2.5 GHz have been designed to measure the acousto-electric transport of carriers in graphene transferred onto YX128°-LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate. The monolayer of graphene on LiNbO3 presented sheet resistance in the range of 733–1230 Ω/□ and ohmic contact resistance with gold of 1880 to 5200 Ωμm. The measurements with different interaction lengths on graphene bars have allowed the extraction of carrier absorption and mobility parameters from acousto-electric current. Graphene presented higher acousto-electronic interaction in the GHz range than previously reported values in the range of 100s MHz with carrier absorption losses of 109 m−1 and mobility for acoustically generated charges of 101 cm2V−1s−1.
Categorical properties of reduction functors over non-positive DG-rings
Authors: Shaul Liran 
Published: April 2023

Given a non-positive DG-ring

A
A

, associated to it are the reduction and coreduction functors

F
(
−
)
=

H

0

(
A
)

⊗
A

L

−

F(-) = \mathrm {H}^0(A)\otimes ^{\mathrm {L}}_A -

and

G
(
−
)
=

R

Hom
A

⁡
(

H

0

(
A
)
,
−
)

G(-) = \mathrm {R}\operatorname {Hom}_A(\mathrm {H}^0(A),-)

, considered as functors

D

⁡
(
A
)
→

D

⁡
(

H

0

(
A
)
)

\operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(A) \to \operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(\mathrm {H}^0(A))

, as well as the forgetful functor

S
:

D

⁡
(

H

0

(
A
)
)
→

D

⁡
(
A
)

S:\operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(\mathrm {H}^0(A)) \to \operatorname {\mathsf {D}}(A)

. In this paper we carry a systematic study of the categorical properties of these functors. As an application, a new descent result for vanishing of

Ext
\operatorname {Ext}

and

Tor
\operatorname {Tor}

over ordinary commutative noetherian rings is deduced.
Bullous pemphigoid and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors: evaluation of clinical course and treatment response
Authors: Tzanani Ido , Tzachy-Suissa Inbar , Barzilai Aviv , Pavlotsky Felix , Lyakhovitsky Anna , Baum Sharon 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is), drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), show a significant association with bullous pemphigoid (BP) development.

Objectives
To evaluate the clinical course and development of BP among patients with DM2 treated with DPP4is.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included all the patients with BP and comorbid DM2 who visited Sheba Medical Center during 2015−2020.

Results
Among 338 patients with BP, 153 were included in our study. In 92 patients, BP diagnosis was attributed to the use of DPP4is. The patients with DPP4i-associated BP had fewer neurological and cardiovascular comorbidities and higher blistered body surface area (BSA) at first presentation, with noticeable upper and lower limb involvement. These patients were younger and more responsive to treatment, with a greater reduction in their BSA score after 2 months of treatment.

Conclusions
The clinical features of patients with BP treated with DPP4is were initially more severe; however, during follow-up, a marked clinical improvement was noticed, especially among patients who had ceased the drug. Therefore, although withdrawal of the drug may not impose disease remission, it can alleviate the disease course and avert the need for treatment escalation.
Impact of Community-Wide Tuberculosis Active Case Finding and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing on Tuberculosis Trends in Malawi
Authors: Burke Rachael M , Nliwasa Marriott , Dodd Peter J , Feasey Helena R A , Khundi McEwen , Choko Augustine , Nzawa-Soko Rebecca , Mpunga James , Webb Emily L , Fielding Katherine , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis case-finding interventions are critical to meeting World Health Organization End TB strategy goals. We investigated the impact of community-wide tuberculosis active case finding (ACF) alongside scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and care on trends in adult tuberculosis case notification rates (CNRs) in Blantyre, Malawi.

Methods
Five rounds of ACF for tuberculosis (1–2 weeks of leafleting, door-to-door enquiry for cough and sputum microscopy) were delivered to neighborhoods (“ACF areas”) in North-West Blantyre between April 2011 and August 2014. Many of these neighborhoods also had concurrent HIV testing interventions. The remaining neighborhoods in Blantyre City (“non-ACF areas”) provided a non-randomized comparator. We analyzed TB CNRs from January 2009 until December 2018. We used interrupted time series analysis to compare tuberculosis CNRs before ACF and after ACF, and between ACF and non-ACF areas.

Results
Tuberculosis CNRs increased in Blantyre concurrently with start of ACF for tuberculosis in both ACF and non-ACF areas, with a larger magnitude in ACF areas. Compared to a counterfactual where pre-ACF CNR trends continued during ACF period, we estimated there were an additional 101 (95% confidence interval [CI] 42 to 160) microbiologically confirmed (Bac+) tuberculosis diagnoses per 100 000 person-years in the ACF areas in 3 and a half years of ACF. Compared to a counterfactual where trends in ACF area were the same as trends in non-ACF areas, we estimated an additional 63 (95% CI 38 to 90) Bac + diagnoses per 100 000 person-years in the same period.

Conclusions
Tuberculosis ACF was associated with a rapid increase in people diagnosed with tuberculosis in Blantyre.
Information Delay of Significant Bloodstream Isolates and Patient Mortality: A Retrospective Analysis of 6225 Adult Patients With Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Fidalgo Berta , Morata Laura , Cardozo Celia , del Río Ana , Morales Javier , Fernández-Pittol Mariana , Martínez José Antonio , Mensa Josep , Vila Jordi , Soriano Alex , Casals-Pascual Climent 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Background
Our aim in this study was to evaluate the clinical and prognostic impact of communicating microbiological information in real time for adult patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs).

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 6225 clinical episodes of bacteremia in a teaching hospital from January 2013 to December 2019. Bacteremia-associated mortality was compared when blood culture results were relayed to the infectious diseases specialist (IDS) in real time and periods when results were relayed the following morning. The impact of information availability using mortality at 30 days was used as the main outcome of the study.

Results
The initial analysis (all microorganisms included) did not show an association of mortality and information delay to the IDS (odds ratio [OR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], .99–1.42). However, information delay of BSIs caused by fast-growing microorganisms such as Enterobacterales was associated with a significant increase in the odds of death at 30 days both in the univariate (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.30–2.38) and multivariate analysis (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.50–3.30). Similar results were found with mortality at 14 days and 7 days in the univariate (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.08–2.20 and OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.03–2.37, respectively) and the multivariate analysis (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.27–3.32 and OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.09–3.40, respectively).

Conclusions
Information delivered in real time has prognostic relevance and is likely to improve survival of patients with documented BSIs. Future studies should address the prognostic impact of adequate resource allocation (microbiologist/IDS with 24/7 coverage) in BSIs.
Acute heart failure: differential diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Marini Marco , Manfredi Roberto , Battistoni Ilaria , Francioni Matteo , Vittoria Matassini Maria , Pongetti Giulia , Angelini Luca , Shkoza Matilda , Bontempo Alessandro , Belfioretti Leonardo , Piero Perna Gian 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAcute heart failure is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome and is the first cause of unplanned hospitalization in people &gt;65 years. Patients with heart failure may have different clinical presentations according to clinical history, pre-existing heart disease, and pattern of intravascular congestion. A comprehensive assessment of clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory data should aid in clinical decision-making and treatment. In some cases, a more accurate evaluation of patient haemodynamics via a pulmonary artery catheter may be necessary to undertake and guide escalation and de-escalation of therapy, especially when clinical, echo, and laboratory data are inconclusive or in the presence of right ventricular dysfunction. Similarly, a pulmonary artery catheter may be useful in patients with cardiogenic shock undergoing mechanical circulatory support. With the subsequent de-escalation of therapy and haemodynamic stabilization, the implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy should be pursued to reduce the risk of subsequent heart failure hospitalization and death, paying particular attention to the recognition and treatment of residual congestion.
The role of iron deficiency in heart failure
Authors: Caminiti Giuseppe , Sposato Barbara , Volterrani Maurizio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for several physiological processes in the body beyond erythropoiesis. Iron deficiency (ID) is a common comorbidity observed in about 50% of patients with stable heart failure (HF) irrespective of the left ventricular function. The presence of ID is often as a multi-factorial condition, and it is associated with exercise intolerance, reduced quality of life, increased hospitalization rate, and mortality risk regardless of anaemia. The intravenous administration of iron to correct ID has emerged as a promising treatment in HF with reduced ejection fraction as it has been shown to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life and exercise capacity, and reduce hospitalizations.
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and heart failure: a tale born from oxygen uptake
Authors: Mapelli Massimo , Salvioni Elisabetta , Mattavelli Irene , Vignati Carlo , Galotta Arianna , Magrì Damiano , Apostolo Anna , Sciomer Susanna , Campodonico Jeness , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSince 50 years, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) plays a central role in heart failure (HF) assessment. Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the main HF prognostic indicators, then paralleled by ventilation to carbon dioxide (VE/VCO2) relationship slope. Also anaerobic threshold retains a strong prognostic power in severe HF, especially if expressed as a percent of maximal VO2 predicted value. Moving beyond its absolute value, a modern approach is to consider the percentage of predicted value for peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope, thus allowing a better comparison between genders, ages, and races. Several VO2 equations have been adopted to predict peak VO2, built considering different populations. A step forward was made possible by the introduction of reliable non-invasive methods able to calculate cardiac output during exercise: the inert gas rebreathing method and the thoracic electrical bioimpedance. These techniques made possible to calculate the artero-venous oxygen content differences (ΔC(a-v)O2), a value related to haemoglobin concentration, pO2, muscle perfusion, and oxygen extraction. The role of haemoglobin, frequently neglected, is however essential being anaemia a frequent HF comorbidity. Finally, peak VO2 is traditionally obtained in a laboratory setting while performing a standardized physical effort. Recently, different wearable ergo-spirometers have been developed to allow an accurate metabolic data collection during different activities that better reproduce HF patients’ everyday life. The evaluation of exercise performance is now part of the holistic approach to the HF syndrome, with the inclusion of CPET data into multiparametric prognostic scores, such as the MECKI score.
Captain Pennington’s perplexity: the loan of English ships to France, 1625
Authors: Cressy David 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The contentious loan of English ships to France in 1625 has usually been treated as a political scandal contributing to the impeachment of the duke of Buckingham. Here it is examined as a maritime episode, particularly challenging for Captain John Pennington of the royal ship Vanguard. English mariners were opposed to serving under the French, and vehemently against allowing their vessels to combat the Huguenots at La Rochelle. Inconsistencies in policies and directions contributed to the captain’s perplexity, but he was not party to the conspiracy that some historians have detected to thwart the loan and its application.
The Arithmetic of Tame Quotient Singularities in Dimension 2
Authors: Bresciani Giulio 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Let $k$ be a field, $X$ a variety with tame quotient singularities, and $\tilde {X}\to X$ a resolution of singularities. Any smooth rational point $x\in X(k)$ lifts to $\tilde {X}$ by the Lang–Nishimura theorem, but if $x$ is singular this might be false. For certain types of singularities, the rational point is guaranteed to lift, though; these are called singularities of type $\textrm {R}$. This concept has applications in the study of the fields of moduli of varieties and yields an enhanced version of the Lang–Nishimura theorem where the smoothness assumption is relaxed. We classify completely the tame quotient singularities of type $\textrm {R}$ in dimension $2$; in particular, we show that every non-cyclic tame quotient singularity in dimension $2$ is of type $\textrm {R}$, and most cyclic singularities are of type $\textrm {R}$ too.
Approximately Hadamard Matrices and Riesz Bases in Random Frames
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Rudelson Mark 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An $n \times n$ matrix with $\pm 1$ entries that acts on ${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ as a scaled isometry is called Hadamard. Such matrices exist in some, but not all dimensions. Combining number-theoretic and probabilistic tools, we construct matrices with $\pm 1$ entries that act as approximate scaled isometries in ${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ for all $n \in {\mathbb {N}}$. More precisely, the matrices we construct have condition numbers bounded by a constant independent of $n$.
Using this construction, we establish a phase transition for the probability that a random frame contains a Riesz basis. Namely, we show that a random frame in ${\mathbb {R}}^{n}$ formed by $N$ vectors with independent identically distributed coordinate having a nondegenerate symmetric distribution contains many Riesz bases with high probability provided that $N \ge \exp (Cn)$. On the other hand, we prove that if the entries are sub-Gaussian, then a random frame fails to contain a Riesz basis with probability close to $1$ whenever $N \le \exp (cn)$, where $c&lt;C$ are constants depending on the distribution of the entries.
Reinforced quantum-behaved particle swarm-optimized neural network for cross-sectional distortion prediction of novel variable-diameter-die-formed metal bent tubes
Authors: Wang Caicheng , Wang Zili , Zhang Shuyou , Liu Xiaojian , Tan Jianrong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
With light weight, high strength, and high performance, metal bent tubes have attracted increasing applications in aeronautics. However, the growing demand for customized tubular parts has led to a significant increase in the cost of conventional tube-bending processes, as they can only process tubes of a specific diameter. To this end, this paper proposes a variable diameter die (VDD) scheme which can bend tubes with a specific range of diameters. To investigate the formability of VDD-processed tubes for practical VDD applications, an accurate and reliable prediction method of cross-sectional distortion is imperative. Hence, we pioneer a novel intelligent model based on quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO)-optimized back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to predict a rational cross-sectional distortion characterization index: average distortion rate. The adaptive adjustment of coefficients and the Gaussian distributed random vector are introduced to QPSO, which balance the search and enhance the diversity of the population, respectively. For further improvement in optimization performance, the informed initialization strategy is applied to QPSO. The efficiency of the proposed reinforced QPSO (RQPSO)-optimized BPNN model is evaluated by comparing the results with those of the BPNN, BPNN with Xavier initialization, several different particle swarm optimization variants-optimized BPNN models, and variants of popular machine learning models. The results indicated the superiority of RQPSO over other methods in terms of the coefficient of determination (${R}^2$), variance account for, root mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error, and standard deviation of MSE. Thus, the proposed novel algorithm could be employed as a reliable and accurate technique to predict the cross-sectional distortion of VDD-processed tubes.
Appearance-based gaze estimation with feature fusion of multi-level information elements
Authors: Ren Zhonghe , Fang Fengzhou , Hou Gaofeng , Li Zihao , Niu Rui 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Gaze estimation is a fundamental task in many applications of cognitive sciences, human–computer interaction, and robotics. The purely data-driven appearance-based gaze estimation methods may suffer from a lack of interpretability, which prevents their applicability to pervasive scenarios. In this study, a feature fusion method with multi-level information elements is proposed to improve the comprehensive performance of the appearance-based gaze estimation model. The multi-level feature extraction and expression are carried out from the originally captured images, and a multi-level information element matrix is established. A gaze conduction principle is formulated for reasonably fusing information elements from the established matrix. According to the gaze conduction principle along with the matrix, a multi-level information element fusion (MIEF) model for gaze estimation is proposed. Then, several input modes and network structures of the MIEF model are designed, and a series of grouping experiments are carried out on a small-scale sub-dataset. Furthermore, the optimized input modes and network structures of the MIEF model are selected for training and testing on the whole dataset to verify and compare model performance. Experimental results show that optimizing the feature combination in the input control module and fine-tuning the computational architecture in the feature extraction module can improve the performance of the gaze estimation model, which would enable the reduction of the model by incorporating the critical features and thus improve the performance and accessibility of the method. Compared with the reference baseline, the optimized model based on the proposed feature fusion method of multi-level information elements can achieve efficient training and improve the test accuracy in the verification experiment. The average error is 1.63 cm on phones on the GazeCapture dataset, which achieves comparable accuracy with state-of-the-art methods.