bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intuitive guide to processing RNA-seq reads
Authors: Prodhan M Asaduzzaman 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The RNA sequencing technique known as ‘RNA-seq’ captures the expressed genes by sequencing the RNA molecules. In other words, the RNA-seq analysis allows for identifying the genes that are expressed in a given condition. Then, the functional annotation of these identified genes provides with the biological insights on how an organism operates in that particular condition. This RNA-seq along with many other genomic approaches are being increasingly applied as the sequencing cost is becoming affordable. However, analysing these sequencing data and extracting reliable biological insights from them remain a challenge due to the technical complexity of the sequencing data analysis. Here, I present a bioinformatics workflow from RNA-seq raw data processing to generating a gene expression matrix required for differential gene expression analysis. To help understand the computation steps in an RNA-seq workflow, I first illustrate on how the samples are prepared for RNA-seq purpose. The modifications made to the transcriptome during sample preparation for sequencing need to be reversed to reconstruct the original transcriptome. Furthermore, I provide with an example script for each step in the RNA-seq workflow and explain the codes concisely. This intuitive guide will be a valuable resource for a wide range of audience especially the graduate students and molecular biologists aiming to carry out RNA-seq analysis on their own for the first time.
Goldene: Free-standing Single-atom-thick Sheets of Gold
Authors: Kashiwaya Shun , Shi Yuchen , Lu Jun , Sangiovanni Davide , Andersson Mike , Rosen Johanna , Hultman Lars 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The quest to make monolayer gold has hitherto been limited to a few atomic layers stabilized on or inside another material. Examples are monolayers diffused into double hydroxides1, sheets framed in Au-Ag alloys under electron irradiation2, nano-ribbons suspended in graphene3, single-atom-thick quantum dots on hexagonal BN4, monolayers in between SiC wafers and monolayer graphene5, and fragments produced via thermal dewetting on substrates6. Here, we report the synthesis of free-standing single-atom-thick 2D gold (named goldene) by wet-chemically etching away Ti3C2 from Ti3AuC2, a nano-laminated MAX-phase ceramic initially formed by substitution of Si in Ti3SiC2 with Au7. The free-standing goldene layers are revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. While ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that 2D goldene is inherently stable, the experiments reveal a tendency for curling and agglomeration at edges. Prospects for preparing goldene from a series of non-van der Waals Au-intercalated MAX-phases, including developing etching schemes, are also presented.
Modern non-thermal method of processing plant raw materials used to increase its storability
Authors: Posokina N. E. , Zakharova A. I. 
Published: April 2023

Along with thermal methods of processing plant raw materials, non-thermal processing methods have been actively developed in recent decades, which make it possible to preserve the qualitative characteristics of the initial raw materials to the maximum and increase the shelf life of the finished product. When using these methods, slight heating of the product can occur, for example, as in the processing by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). In the case of using such a type of processing as filtration, heating is completely absent; under the conditions of high pressure processing of the product (hereinafter HPP), a low temperature regime is observed. These methods are distinguished by minimizing the impact on the organoleptic characteristics of the finished product (texture, appearance, color, odor), as well as the preservation of micro- and macronutrients. The article discusses the main non-thermal methods of processing plant materials: high pressure (HPP), processing in a pulsed electric field (PEF), radioactive radiation, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), filtration. The advantages and factors hindering their widespread use on an industrial scale are noted. It is noted that high pressure, ultraviolet radiation and filtration to one degree or another are widely used in food production, while processing in a pulsed electric field and radioactive radiation are of extremely limited use due to the need to ensure the safety of processing for service personnel. It should also be noted that processing only by non-thermal methods leads to a limited shelf life of finished products and often requires lower storage temperatures. If it is necessary to increase the shelf life, it makes sense to combine thermal and non-thermal processing methods, for example, microfiltration (ultrafiltration) of juice, bottling into consumer packaging, gentle pasteurization. The undoubted advantage of this combination can be a reduction in the thermal load on a product, since the initial microbiological contamination is reduced by filtration. And, as a result, we get a stably stored product with minimal quality loss and preserved native potential.
Configuration design and load capacity analysis of pelvic fracture reduction robot
Authors: Cai Shenyang , Lei Jingtao , Rao Jinjun 
Published: April 2023

Robot-assisted reduction of pelvic fracture requires large workspace and large load capacity. A kind of six degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot for pelvic fracture reduction is designed, which is a hybrid configuration composed of three-revolute-revolute-revolute (3RRR) parallel mechanism and three-dimensional guide rail. The hybrid configuration can ensure that the robot meet the needs of large workspace and large load capacity. Through the comparative analysis of dynamic and virtual prototype simulation, the reduction force of the designed reduction robot can reach 200 N. The experimental results show that the robot not only has the characteristics of high precision and high load of parallel robot, but also has the characteristics of large workspace of series robot.
Development of an ice-jam flood forecasting modelling framework for freeze-up/winter breakup
Authors: Das Apurba , Budhathoki Sujata , Lindenschmidt Karl-Erich 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRiver ice-jams can create severe flooding along many rivers in cold regions. While ice-jams often form during the spring breakup, the mid-winter breakup can cause ice-jamming and flooding. Although many studies have already been focused on forecasting spring ice-jam flooding, studies related to forecasting mid-winter breakup jamming and flooding severity are sparse. The main purpose of this research is to develop a stochastic framework to forecast the severity of mid-winter ice-jam flooding along the transborder (New Brunswick/Maine) Saint John River of North America. A combination of hydrological (MESH) and hydraulic model (RIVICE) simulations was applied to develop the stochastic framework. A mid-winter breakup along the river that occurred in 2018 has been hindcasted as a case study. The result shows that the modelling framework can capture the real-time ice-jam severity. The results of this research will help to improve the capacity of ice-jam flood management in cold regions.
Linarin Ameliorates Diabetic Liver Injury by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through the Inhibition of AKR1B1
Authors: Wang Tong , Shan Meng-ya , Tang Cui-yao , Cheng Mao-yuan , Chen Bin , Yan Jun , Xu Zi-hui 
Published: April 2023

Aims:
The study aims to find a new functional additive for diabetic liver injury.

background:
It is well-established that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with multiple complications. Linarin (LN) is a natural flavonoid isolated from Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, which has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and diabetes.

Background:
It is well-established that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with multiple complications and places a significant health and economic burden on modern society. Linarin is a natural flavonoid isolated from Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, which has beneficial effects in preventing and treating metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes.

Objective:
We aimed to investigate the pharmacological effect and underlying mechanism of linarin on T2DM-associated liver injury in vivo and in vitro.

method:
Using a high glucose high palmitic acid-induced hepatocyte injury model and a type 2 diabetic rat model.

Methods:
Using a high-glucose and high-palmitic acid-induced hepatocyte injury model and a type 2 diabetic rat model. Following linarin treatment, serum biochemical parameters, liver histology, and lipid profiles of rats were examined. Oxidative stress index and inflammatory response were detected in vivo and in vitro. The expression level of AKR1B1 in rat liver tissues and in vitro cells was detected by western blot and by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.

Results:
The present study found that linarin could prevent oxidative stress and inflammation. In high-fat-fed diabetic rats, linarin administration (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day) reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Linarin (20 μM) significantly alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by high glucose combined with palmitic acid in LX-2 cells. Western blotting and overexpression experiments showed that these effects were related to AKR1B1 inhibition in vivo and in vitro.

conclusion:
LN could protect against liver injury in T2DM by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by AKR1B1. Our findings suggest that LN has huge prospects as a new functional additive for a healthy diet.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that linarin could protect against liver injury in T2DM by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by AKR1B1 and may be a promising additive for diabetic liver injury therapy.
The Antibacterial Effects of Healing Abutments Coated with Gelatincurcumin
Nanocomposite
Authors: Negahdari Ramin , Mahin Tina , Torab Ali , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Sharifi Simin 
Published: April 2023

Introduction:
For the long-term success of implant treatment, prevention of biological complications,
including pre-implant diseases, plays an important role. The use of antimicrobial coatings is
one of the prosperous methods in this field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effects
of healing abutments coated with gelatin-curcumin nanocomposite.

Method:
This study included 48 healing abutments in the form of a control group (titanium healing
abutments without coating) and an intervention group (titanium healing abutments coated with gelatincurcumin
nanocomposite). The disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of
coated healing abutments against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis
and the results were reported in a non-growth zone area.

Results and Discussion:
Gelatin-curcumin nanocomposite caused significant non-growth aura for all
three bacteria compared to the control group. For the control group (healing abutments without coating),
the antimicrobial effects (non-growth zone) were zero. Besides, gelatin-curcumin nanocomposite had
the greatest inhibiting effect on the growth of S. aureus, then E. coli and finally E. faecalis.

Conclusion:
The results of our study showed that the coating used was able to significantly demonstrate
a non-growth zone against all three bacteria compared to the control group without coating. Further
evaluations in various physicochemical, mechanical, and antimicrobial fields are necessary for the animal
model and clinical phase.
Fitbit Data to Assess Functional Capacity in Patients Before Elective Surgery: Pilot Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Angelucci Alessandra , Greco Massimiliano , Canali Stefano , Marelli Giovanni , Avidano Gaia , Goretti Giulia , Cecconi Maurizio , Aliverti Andrea 
Published: April 2023

Background
Preoperative assessment is crucial to prevent the risk of complications of surgical operations and is usually focused on functional capacity. The increasing availability of wearable devices (smartwatches, trackers, rings, etc) can provide less intrusive assessment methods, reduce costs, and improve accuracy.

Objective
The aim of this study was to present and evaluate the possibility of using commercial smartwatch data, such as those retrieved from the Fitbit Inspire 2 device, to assess functional capacity before elective surgery and correlate such data with the current gold standard measure, the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) distance.

Methods
During the hospital visit, patients were evaluated in terms of functional capacity using the 6MWT. Patients were asked to wear the Fitbit Inspire 2 for 7 days (with flexibility of –2 to +2 days) after the hospital visit, before their surgical operation. Resting heart rate and daily steps data were retrieved directly from the smartwatch. Feature engineering techniques allowed the extraction of heart rate over steps (HROS) and a modified version of Non-Exercise Testing Cardiorespiratory Fitness. All measures were correlated with 6MWT.

Results
In total, 31 patients were enrolled in the study (n=22, 71% men; n=9, 29% women; mean age 76.06, SD 4.75 years). Data were collected between June 2021 and May 2022. The parameter that correlated best with the 6MWT was the Non-Exercise Testing Cardiorespiratory Fitness index (r=0.68; P<.001). The average resting heart rate over the whole acquisition period for each participant had r=−0.39 (P=.03), even if some patients did not wear the device at night. The correlation of the 6MWT distance with the HROS evaluated at 1% quantile was significant, with Pearson coefficient of −0.39 (P=.04). Fitbit step count had a fair correlation of 0.59 with 6MWT (P<.001).

Conclusions
Our study is a promising starting point for the adoption of wearable technology in the evaluation of functional capacity of patients, which was strongly correlated with the gold standard. The study also identified limitations in the availability of metrics, variability of devices, accuracy and quality of data, and accessibility as crucial areas of focus for future studies.
Promoting Well-being Among Informal Caregivers of People With HIV/AIDS in Rural Malawi: Community-Based Participatory Research Approach
Authors: Sbaffi Laura , Zamani Efpraxia , Kalua Khumbo 
Published: April 2023

Background
People living with HIV/AIDS and their informal caregivers (usually family members) in Malawi do not have adequate access to patient-centered care, particularly in remote rural areas of the country because of the high burden of HIV/AIDS, coupled with a fragmented and patchy health care system. Chronic conditions require self-care strategies, which are now promoted in both developed and developing contexts but are still only emerging in sub-Saharan African countries.

Objective
This study aims to explore the effects of the implementation of a short-term intervention aimed at supporting informal caregivers of people living with HIV/AIDS in Malawi in their caring role and improving their well-being. The intervention includes the dissemination of 6 health advisory messages on topics related to the management of HIV/AIDS over a period of 6 months, via the WhatsApp audio function to 94 caregivers attending peer support groups in the rural area of Namwera.

Methods
We adopted a community-based participatory research approach, whereby the health advisory messages were designed and formulated in collaboration with informal caregivers, local medical physicians, social care workers, and community chiefs and informed by prior discussions with informal caregivers. Feedback on the quality, relevance, and applicability of the messages was gathered via individual interviews with the caregivers.

Results
The results showed that the messages were widely disseminated beyond the support groups via word of mouth and highlighted a very high level of adoption of the advice contained in the messages by caregivers, who reported immediate (short-term) and long-term self-assessed benefits for themselves, their families, and their local communities.

Conclusions
This study offers a novel perspective on how to combine community-based participatory research with a cost-effective, health-oriented informational intervention that can be implemented to support effective HIV/AIDS self-care and facilitate informal caregivers’ role.
Comparison of Monographs of Indian Pharmacopeia with BP and USP Pharmacopeia’s
Authors: Munirathnam Jayaprakash , Radhakrishnan Gowri 
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to emphasis on the importance of the chromatographic testing methods updates to evaluate the quality of drug products and drug substances. Indian pharmacopeial monographs compared with United States pharmacopeia and British pharmacopoeia monographs for the critical testing parameters. The monographs of most commonly prescribed or sold Tablets like Paracetamol, Amoxycillin, Co-amoxiclav, Losartan potassium and its drug substances were selected for this comparative study. The comparison was made to the critical tests like assay and related substances for drug substances; assay, dissolution and related substances tests for drug Products. It has been observed that the Indian pharmacopoeia assay and dissolution tests are comparable with other pharmacopoeias, however related substances methods of analysis need to be updated as per current requirement. The comparative study suggests that Indian Pharmacopoeia need to strengthen testing procedure and specification limits to improve the quality of pharmaceutical products.
Assessing awareness and practice towards Surgical Mask Regulations among the Population of Chandigarh: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Dhawan Hirishita , Gupta Priyanka 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical masks have become a crucial protective measure to prevent the spread of the virus. While they are regulated as medical devices to ensure their effectiveness, the high demand for masks has led to an increase in counterfeit products that pose a threat to public health.
Materials and methods: In Chandigarh, India, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 350 individuals aged 15 and above who had access to social networks. An online questionnaire consisting of 20 questions on knowledge, practice, and demographics was used to collect data through convenience sampling with a chain-sampling method. Descriptive statistics and correlation and linear regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 29.0 to find a statistically significant relationship between knowledge, practice, and demographic variables.
Result: Of 350 participants in the survey 26.0% were aged 15-29, 32.6% were aged 30-39, 13.4% were aged 40-49, and 28.0% were aged 50-80. In terms of gender, 49.1% were male and 50.9% were female. The majority had a master's degree (45.7%) and were employed in the private sector (49.4%). Education had a significant impact on knowledge (t-value of 11.375, significance level < .001), but job type did not (t-value of -1.740, significance level .083). Participants' knowledge and practice had a strong positive correlation (Pearson Correlation coefficient of 1.000, significance level < .001). The constant (intercept) was significant in predicting practice, while age, gender, and job were not (significance levels > .05).
Conclusion: The study found that the community had satisfactory awareness and practice of using certified and licensed surgical masks. However, there is a need for reinforced education on the topic. The researchers recommend mass media campaigns and strict government regulation to ensure the use of certified masks and prevent the use of counterfeit ones. Continuous education is also necessary to help the public understand the importance of using certified and licensed masks for maximum protection.
Análisis comparado de conmutación interregional en la nueva Región del Biobío, Chile (años 2010-2017)
Authors: Pino Arriagada Osvaldo , Acuña D. Andrés 
Published: April 2023

El estudio evalúa el impacto de la pandemia, provocada por la propagación de la en-fermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), sobre las principales dimensiones de la movilidad residencia-trabajo en la “nueva” Región del Biobío. De la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo (ENE), período 2010-2020, se estiman las series de destinos y orígenes de los conmu-tantes de la Región del Biobío, se investiga su comportamiento en el año 2020 y su rela-ción con la dinámica de las respectivas series macroeconómicas y regionales como el PIB, empleo, con el objeto de verificar o rechazar la hipótesis de sincronía de los ciclos productivos con el flujo de conmutantes como causa de movilidad laboral.
Además, se cuantifica el impacto económico de este proceso mediante el cruce de los conmutantes con los antecedentes de ingreso medio de los ocupados por territorio e in-gresos medios por actividad económica de la Región del Biobío.
Efectos que producen algunas exenciones y beneficios tributarios en términos de recaudación fiscal
Authors: Mardonez Montes Camila Fernanda , Landaeta Bahamonde Jaime Humberto , Sanhueza Moena Valentina Lissete 
Published: April 2023

Los recientes cambios en el acontecer nacional han generado la necesidad de incrementar la recaudación fiscal, esto con la finalidad de subvencionar políticas públicas que permitan hacer frente a la crisis social, sanitaria y económica que actualmente afecta a nuestro país.
El propósito de esta investigación es analizar cuál es el efecto que produciría la eliminación y/o modificación de exenciones como el DFL.2 y el Impuesto al Valor Agregado en los servicios a nivel de recaudación fiscal, considerando la antigüedad de estos beneficios y la cantidad de contribuyentes que optan por su utilización.
Two Decades of African Accounting Research 2000–2019: Synthesis, Reflection, Gaps, and Future Directions
Authors: Waweru Nelson M. , Peng Songlan , Hopper Trevor 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
This structured literature review analyzes 179 African accounting research articles in 38 major accounting journals published from 2000 to 2019 (inclusive) to assess trends of publications in these journals, topics covered or neglected, research methods employed, the main contributing authors, their research impact, opportunities for future research, and challenges confronting this field. It found that, despite the increase in research publications on Africa, they were almost absent in the top 6 accounting journals and had little presence in the remaining 32. The analysis of research methods, contributing authors, and research impact found that much African research has adopted a qualitative approach, unlike the U.S. tradition employing mostly quantitative and economics-based methods, and most top-contributing authors either originated from Africa or were affiliated with an African university. There was a regional imbalance of African accounting research, which covered only 19 of the 54 countries. These were larger, richer, and had stock markets.