bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genitourinary infections in Australian servicewomen
Authors: O'Shea Simone D. , Pope Rod , Freire Katharine , Orr Robin , Maj Naomi Gallagher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundGenitourinary infections, including those associated with the urinary tract (urinary tract infection [UTI]) and vulvovaginal region, are common in women, affecting approximately one‐third of biological females. A growing female military workforce necessitates consideration of their genitourinary health risks and needs to support and enhance their occupational health, safety, and performance.MethodThe pelvic health of active‐duty servicewomen in the Australian Defense Force (ADF) was explored using an online cross‐sectional survey. For the purposes of this study, only data related to genitourinary infections were extracted. The data were descriptively analysed to provide estimates of period prevalence rates. Risk factors and prevention and management strategies utilized were identified and described.ResultsOf the 491 servicewomen who provided survey responses, 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37%–46%) reported experiencing at least one UTI and 32% (95% CI: 28%–36%) reported experiencing regular symptoms of vulvovaginal irritation during their last period of active‐duty service. Service arm, length of service, and history of participation in field activities or deployment were not substantially associated with prevalence estimates. Medical assessment was the most common diagnostic strategy for UTI and antibiotics were the most common management strategy.ConclusionGenitourinary infections are common in female ADF personnel and may impact on occupational health and performance. Therefore, organization‐wide prevention and management approaches may be an important strategy for reducing the impact on personnel, their units and mission objectives, by reducing working days lost, utilization of health services and minimizing risks in more austere military environments.
Efficacy of KPR‐5714, a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 antagonist, on chronic psychological stress‐induced bladder overactivity in male rats
Authors: Watanabe Shinjiro , Miyazaki Shingo , Yumoto Yu , Kobayashi Jun‐ichi , Fujimori Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsChronic psychological stress aggravates lower urinary tract symptoms. Among others, water avoidance stress is a chronic psychological stressor that plays a causal role in the exacerbation and development of bladder dysfunction in rats. In this report, the effects of KPR‐5714, which is a selective transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist, on bladder overactivity induced by water avoidance stress were examined.MethodsMale rats were subjected to water avoidance stress for 2 h per day for 10 consecutive days. The effects of water avoidance stress on voiding behavior using metabolic cages and histological bladder changes were investigated in rats. The involvement of bladder C‐fiber afferent on voiding frequency in rats exposed to water avoidance stress was assessed using capsaicin. The effects of KPR‐5714 on storage dysfunction in rats subjected to water avoidance stress were examined.ResultsIn voiding behavior measurements, water avoidance stress‐induced storage dysfunction, causing a decrease in the mean voided volume and increasing voiding frequency. A comparison of bladders from normal rats and rats exposed to water avoidance stress showed no histological differences. Water avoidance stress‐induced bladder overactivity was completely inhibited by pretreatment with capsaicin. KPR‐5714 showed a tendency to increase the mean voided volume and significantly decreased the voiding frequency without affecting the total voided volume in these rats.ConclusionThe results suggest that KPR‐5714 is a promising option for treating chronic psychological stress‐induced bladder overactivity.
Mitochondrial sourcing of interferogenic ligands and an autoantigen in human obesity‐associated metaflammation
Authors: Ghosh Amrit Raj , Bandopadhyay Purbita , Sarkar Jit , Khanna Shashi , Chaudhuri Tamonas , Tantia Om , Chakrabarti Partha , Ganguly Dipyaman 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveVisceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation contributes to metabolic dysregulation in obesity. VAT recruitment and activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) through toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of self‐DNA, leading to induction of type I interferons, are crucial innate triggers for this VAT inflammation. It was hypothesized that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can contribute to TLR9 activation in VAT‐recruited pDCs in obesity, and this study aimed to identify the carrier protein for ligand access to TLR9 and to explore whether this also provides for a source of autoantigens in this context.MethodsVAT samples, used for gene expression studies as well as adipose explant cultures, were collected from patients with obesity (n = 54) and lean patients (n = 10). Supernatants from human pDC cultures, treated with adipose explant culture supernatants, were used for interferon α ELISA. Venous plasma, from patients with (n = 114) and without (n = 45) obesity, was used for an ELISA for autoantibodies.ResultsMtDNA from VAT in obesity, in complex with mitochondrial transcription factor A protein (TFAM), acts as interferogenic ligands for pDCs. Humoral autoreactivity against TFAM is also induced in obesity.ConclusionsInterferogenic ligands and an autoantigen can be sourced from dysfunctional mitochondria in VAT of humans with obesity. Further therapeutic and prognostic potential for this immune mechanism in obesity warrants exploration.
Stabilization of the chemostat system with mutations and application to microbial production
Authors: Bayen Térence , Coville Jérôme , Mairet Francis 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this article, we consider the chemostat system with species, one limiting substrate, and mutations between species. Our objective is to globally stabilize the corresponding dynamical system around a desired equilibrium point. Doing so, we introduce auxostat feedback controls which are controllers allowing the regulation of the substrate concentration. We prove that such feedback controls globally stabilize the resulting closed‐loop system near the desired equilibrium point. This result is obtained by combining the theory of asymptotically autonomous systems and an explicit computation of solutions to the limit system. The performance of such controllers is illustrated on an optimal control problem of Lagrange type which consists in maximizing the production of species over a given time period w.r.t. the dilution rate chosen as control variable.
Biomimetic construction of 3D needle‐punched CF/PEEK composites based on ladybug forewing structure for directional reinforcement
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Dong Wenying , Zhao Shanshan , Zhang Jiacheng , Wang Shengdao , Yang Yanchao , Luan Jiashuang , Wang Guibin , Zhang Mei 
Published: July 2023

Abstract3D needle‐punched CF/PEEK composites are a kind of composites with promising applications in multiple fields, such as implant materials, but their mechanical properties in the Z‐axis and interlaminar are still weak at present. In this study, a bio‐inspired reinforcement structure based on ladybug forewing was developed to achieve directed reinforcement of 3D needle‐punched CF/PEEK composites. Carbon fiber yarns were stitched into the 3D needle‐punched CF/PEEK preforms according to the set structure, and the bio‐inspired CF/PEEK composites were obtained after hot pressing. The interlaminar and in‐plane mechanical properties of the composites were investigated at different stitch lengths. The results showed that the addition of the bio‐inspired structure greatly improved the interlaminar shear strength of the composites, reaching 111.30 MPa, an enhancement of 95.06%. The in‐plane mechanical properties, including tensile, flexural, and compression, were also significantly improved to different degrees. The “structure‐effect” relationship in the bio‐inspired CF/PEEK composites was investigated, and the effectiveness of such a bio‐inspired reinforcement structure was demonstrated. This new reinforcement strategy provides a new idea for the improvement of the mechanical properties of multi‐stage carbon fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composites.Highlights
The in‐plane and interlaminar mechanical properties of composites were simultaneously improved.
Up to 95.06% improvement in interlaminar shear strength.
A novel bionic strategy of directional reinforcement was developed.
The “structure‐effect” relationship in the composites was investigated.
Physiology of trans‐translation deficiency in Bacillus subtilis – a comparative proteomics study
Authors: Vázquez‐Hernández Melissa , Leedom Stephanie L. , Keiler Kenneth C. , Bandow Julia Elisabeth 
Published: July 2023

Abstracttrans‐Translation is the most effective ribosome rescue system known in bacteria. While it is essential in some bacteria, Bacillus subtilis possesses two additional alternative ribosome rescue mechanisms that require the proteins BrfA or RqcH. To investigate the physiology of trans‐translation deficiency in the model organism B. subtilis, we compared the proteomes of B. subtilis 168 and a ΔssrA mutant in the mid‐log phase using gel‐free label‐free quantitative proteomics. In chemically defined medium, the growth rate of the ssrA deletion mutant was 20% lower than that of B. subtilis 168. An 35S‐methionine incorporation assay demonstrated that protein synthesis rates were also lower in the ΔssrA strain. Alternative rescue factors were not detected. Among the 34 proteins overrepresented in the mutant strain were eight chemotaxis proteins. Indeed, both on LB agar and minimal medium the ΔssrA strain showed an altered motility and chemotaxis phenotype. Despite the lower growth rate, in the mutant proteome ribosomal proteins were more abundant while proteins related to amino acid biosynthesis were less abundant than in the parental strain. This overrepresentation of ribosomal proteins coupled with a lower protein synthesis rate and down‐regulation of precursor supply reflects the slow ribosome recycling in the trans‐translation‐deficient mutant.
Medical assistance in dying in Canada: A scoping review on the concept of suffering
Authors: Henry Melissa , Alias Ali , Bisson‐Gervais Vanessa , Liu Jun Yang , Dargis Luc , Gauthier Lynn , Tapp Diane , Greenfield Brian , Mishara Brian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesMedical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) has been legal in Canada since June 2016. A person can receive MAiD if their suffering cannot be relieved under conditions that they consider acceptable. Informed consent requires that the person requesting MAiD has received all the information needed to make their decision; that is, medical diagnosis and prognosis, available treatments including palliative care. The evaluation of unbearable suffering is known to be challenging as suffering is often psychological, existential, and social in nature. While interventions to relieve suffering exist, it is unclear how suffering is assessed and addressed in the literature on MAiD practice. No scoping review exists on the topic in Canada. The aim of this study was to understand how the concept of suffering was approached within the Canadian MAiD grey (GL) and scientific (peer‐reviewed) literature (SL), specifically: 1‐ How suffering is defined and assessed in the context of MAiD in Canada and 2‐ Which interventions in response to suffering are recommended within the process of obtaining informed consent for MAiD and throughout the process of MAiD itself.MethodsA scoping review was conducted based on PRISMA‐SR guidelines. SL articles (N = 1027) were identified from a review of 6 databases and GL documents (N = 537) were obtained from the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Documents were analyzed using NVivo with coding by two‐raters and continuous team discussions.ResultsA multidimensional definition of suffering, akin to the concept of total pain, is used. The assessment of suffering is based upon patients' reports. Tools to aid in the assessment are not comprehensively covered. Specific interventions to address suffering were often focused on active listening and the management of physical symptoms. No specific interventions were mentioned and there was no reference to clinical practice guidelines in the grey literature to address other components of suffering. The use of a multidisciplinary approach is suggested without specifying the nature of involvement.ConclusionsOur review indicates that published guidelines of MAID assessments could include clearer structure around the assessment and management of suffering, with suggestions of tools that may help clarify types of suffering and reference to clinical practice guidelines and interventions to holistically attend to patient suffering with an attention on non‐physical symptoms. Guidelines would benefit from clearer explanations of how members of an interdisciplinary teams could be coherently coordinated.
Stacking Arrangement and Orientation of Aromatic Cations Tune Bandgap and Charge Transport of 2D Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Lai Jing , Zhu Renlong , Tan Junjun , Yang Zhe , Ye Shuji 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChemical modifications on aromatic spacers of 2D perovskites have been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to simultaneously improve optoelectronic properties and stability. However, its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. By using 2D phenyl‐based perovskites ([C6H5(CH2)mNH3]2PbI4) as models, the authors have revealed how the chemical nature of aromatic cations tunes the bandgap and charge transport of 2D perovskites by utilizing sum‐frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to determine the stacking arrangement and orientation of aromatic cations. It is found that the antiparallel slip‐stack arrangement of phenyl rings between adjacent layers induces an indirect band gap, resulting in anomalous carrier dynamics. Incorporation of the CH2 moiety causes stacking rearrangement of the phenyl ring and thus promotes an indirect to direct bandgap transition. In direct‐bandgap perovskites, higher carrier mobility correlates with a larger orientation angle of the phenyl ring. Further optimizing the orientation angle by introducing a para‐substituted element in a phenyl ring, higher carrier mobility is obtained. This work highlights the importance of leveraging stacking arrangement and orientation of the aromatic cations to tune the photophysical properties, which opens up an avenue for advancing high‐performance 2D perovskites optoelectronics via molecular engineering.
Film Dramaturgy: A Practice and a Tool for the Researcher
Authors: Stutterheim Kerstin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter gives an overview of dramaturgy as practice and discipline. Dramaturgy has its origins in Antiquity and established itself as a theoretical and analytical approach to understand and support narrative-performative arts in the eighteenth century. After comparing the most influential roots and tradition, from its European origins to its equivalents in India and in the Arabic world, as well as considering interpretations and receptions of Aristotle’s Poetics, the chapter looks at key influential figures such as G. E. Lessing, Max Reinhardt, Max Herrmann and Bertolt Brecht. It discusses dramaturgy as a subject for higher education and its correspondence to professional practice. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of dramaturgy for the screenwriting process and, consequently, how dramaturgy can support academic analyses of time-based and narrative-performative artworks.
The MENA Region: An Economic, Energy, and Historical Context
Authors: Hafner Manfred , Raimondi Pier Paolo , Bonometti Benedetta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter provides an economic, energy and historical context of the Middle East and North Africa region. Outlining the key demographic, economic and energy trends, it seeks to give a sense of the common features of the region while highlighting the great heterogeneity from an economic and energy perspective. By doing so, the chapter sets the scene on the need, capability and challenges as well as opportunities of the energy transformation in the region and its geopolitical consequences.
Low-Carbon Energy Strategies in MENA Countries
Authors: Hafner Manfred , Raimondi Pier Paolo , Bonometti Benedetta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe chapter provides an analysis of the different strategies envisaged by each MENA country regarding the low-carbon energy transformation, mainly in the field of renewable energy sources. By examining the different national strategies, the chapter outlines how they depend on different level of commitments, ambitions and preferences regarding renewable energy sources and project size. Given their high potential, all MENA countries are considering solar projects, and to some extent wind projects (for example in Morocco and Egypt). The transformation of the global energy system and the internal challenges in MENA countries are the driving engines in the energy sector of these countries, though at varying speed depending also on their hydrocarbon endowment (or lack thereof).
Data Protection Law in Germany, the United States, and China
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Mangold Sonja , Yang Yayun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter examines data protection laws in Germany, the United States, and China. We describe the most important legal sources and principles of data protection and emphasize the rights of data subjects, with particular attention to personal and sensitive data. The legal frameworks for data protection on crowdsourcing platforms in the three countries show significant differences, but also some similarities. In the United States no federal omnibus regulation on the protection of personal data exists so far. The state of California recently enacted a consumer protection law similar to the GDPR. China started developing its privacy legislation after Germany and the United States, in some parts again similar to the GDPR. A characteristic of the Chinese approach is the different protection regime of personal rights with respect to private actors and to the state government. While privacy rights have expanded in the private sector, threats to privacy posed by state actors have received little attention in Chinese jurisprudence.
Privacy Statements in China, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Mangold Sonja , Yang Yayun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis chapter investigates how crowdsourcing platforms handle matters of data protection and analyzes information from 416 privacy statements. We find that German platforms mostly base their data processing solely on the GDPR, while U.S. platforms refer to numerous international, European, and state-level legal sources on data protection. The Chinese crowdsourcing platforms are usually not open to foreigners and do not refer to the GDPR. The privacy statements provide evidence that some U.S. platforms are specific in the sense that they explicitly state which data are not processed. When we compare the privacy practices of crowdsourcing platforms with the German fintech sector, it is noticeable that pseudonymization and anonymization are, at least in Germany, used much more frequently on crowdsourcing platforms. Most privacy statements did not exhaustively clarify what personal data are shared, even though they mentioned the sharing of data with third parties.
Politics of Recognition: Heroes, Victims and the Contest over History in Post-Suharto Indonesia
Authors: O’Shea Paul 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe concepts of pahlawan (hero) and korban (victim) are central to the contest over history in post-Suharto Indonesia. The first of these concepts, pahlawan, is derived from the Persian term pahlavan meaning ‘champion’. While neither the Indonesian nor the Persian term is exclusively limited to use in the context of military action, the associated connotations of strength and bravery tend to foreground a militaristic conception of heroism at the expense of contributions in other fields. In Indonesia, the state has historically been one of the key promoters of this militaristic conception of heroism. Indeed, by establishing days of commemoration such as Hari Pahlawan (Heroes Day) and official titles such as Pahlawan Nasional (National Hero), the state has ensured that the concept of the hero who defends Indonesia from internal or external threats to its security has remained a conspicuous feature of official discourse about the nation’s past.
Contestation and Coalition: The Role of Botohs in Local Political Dynamics, Tuban District, 1974–2006
Authors: Sodikin Mokhamad , Abdurakhman  
Published: July 2023

AbstractA surprising, yet important, figure exists in the development of democracy in Indonesia, as it emerges from its authoritarian past. This figure is the botoh, who plays a significant role in democratic transition. Its popularity is inseparable from its expertise in mobilizing the masses in local and national political contestations through a system of cultural support networks. The term botoh comes from the Javanese language and carries the meaning of a “gambler” (Diknas, 2002). In earlier times, the term referred to gamblers in cockfighting rings. Over time, botoh has migrated from these traditional gambling arenas into the overtly political arena of village head elections. It began soon after the issuance of new regulations concerning the direct election of village chiefs (Law No. 5 of 1974).
Indoctrination in Higher Education: Guided Democracy Politics in Campus Environments, 1961–1965
Authors: Pratama Muhamad Trishadi , Iskandar Mohammad 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAfter the Reformasi movement in 1998, Indonesia has undergone rapid democratization to replace the New Order centralistic and authoritarian government. Horizontal contestation over national issues, including heated discussion regarding national ideology: pro-Khilafah or Islamic state, and in opposition to that, “NKRI harga mati” (United Indonesia without compromise), emerged due to the widening freedom of expression. Concern regarding national ideology is heated. Thus, the government started to form policies to re-entrench state ideology, which is Pancasila (or the Five Principles), especially for the younger generation, through formal education. However, people often forget that the use of educational institutions as ideological state apparatus is relatively old. The effort of the state to control the student population has previously occurred, and students acted as agents of change considering their Indonesian history. In contrast to current Indonesia, this chapter will examine a period when democracy was no longer in the hands of the people but “under the guidance” of the state, particularly by then-President Soekarno. This phenomenon occurred when the parliamentary system was changed to a presidential system. The discussion will focus on the effect of the aforementioned shift on state policy concerning students.
Youth Visitor’s Meaning-Making During Visit to the National History of Indonesia in The Museum Sejarah Nasional: Study of Constructivist Learning
Authors: Suprayitno  , Soekardi Kresno Yulianto 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMuseum Sejarah Nasional (MSN/National History Museum) in the National Monument (Tugu Monas) is the first modern museum in Indonesia and was initially proposed by the first President of Indonesia, Soekarno. The museum displays its main collections as diorama, a model commonly used in the late nineteenth century because it stimulates visitors’ curiosity (cabinet of curiosity/wunderkammer) through “evocative,” “beautiful,” and “powerful” ways (Schwarzer & Sutton, 2009, pp. 1–9).