bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender bias in academic medicine: a resumé study
Authors: Burke Elaine , Heron Elizabeth A. , Hennessy Martina 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Minimising the effects of unconscious bias in selection for clinical academic training is essential to ensure that allocation of training posts is based on merit. We looked at the effect of anonymising applications to a training programme for junior doctors on the scores of the applications and on gender balance; and whether female candidates were more likely to seek gender-concordant mentors.

Methods
Applications to the training programme were reviewed and scored independently by reviewers who received either an anonymised or named copy. Scores were compared using a paired t-test, and differences in scores compared by gender. The gender of named supervisors for male and female candidates was compared.

Results
Scores of 101 applications were reviewed. When their identity was known, male candidates scored 1.72% higher and female candidates scored 0.74% higher, but these findings were not statistically significant (p value = 0.279 and 0.579). Following introduction of anonymisation, the proportion of successful female candidates increased from 27 to 46%. Female candidates were more likely to name a female supervisor compared to male (41% vs. 25% of supervisors).

Conclusions
Anonymising applications did not significantly change scores, although gender balance improved. Gender-concordant mentoring initiatives should consider effects on mentors as well as mentees.
Recent advances in the roles of exosomal microRNAs (exomiRs) in hematologic neoplasms: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Jahromi Faride Nam Avar , Dowran Razieh , Jafari Reza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn clinical diagnosis, the capability of exosomes to serve as biomarkers is one of the most important biological functions of exosomes. The superior stability of exosome biomarkers makes them superior to those isolated from traditional samples such as serum and urine. Almost all body fluids contain exosomes, which contain proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Several molecular components of exosomes, including exosome proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs), are promising diagnostic biomarkers. These exosomes may carry genetic information by containing messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA. The miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that regulate protein-coding genes by acting as translational repressors. It has been shown that miRNAs are mis-expressed in a range of conditions, including hematologic neoplasms. Additionally, miRNAs found within exosomes have been linked with specific diseases, including hematologic neoplasms. Numerous studies suggest that circulating exosomes contain miRNAs similar to those found in parental cancer cells. Exosomes contain miRNAs that are released by almost all kinds of cells. MiRNAs are packaged into exosomes and delivered to recipient cells, and manipulate its function. It has been recognized that exosomes are new therapeutic targets for immunotherapy and biomedicine of cancers. The current review discusses the current evidence around exosomal miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of hematologic neoplasms.
Neutrophil extracellular traps induced by the hypoxic microenvironment in gastric cancer augment tumour growth
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Xia Yu , Sun Biying , Zheng Nanbei , Li Yang , Pang Xuehan , Yang Fan , Zhao Xingwang , Ji Zhiwu , Yu Haitao , Chen Fujun , Zhang Xuemei , Zhao Bin , Jin Jiaqi , Yang Shifeng , Cheng Zhuoxin 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Inflammation-related predisposition to cancer plays an essential role in cancer progression and is associated with poor prognosis. A hypoxic microenvironment and neutrophil infiltration are commonly present in solid tumours, including gastric cancer (GC). Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have also been demonstrated in the tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), but how NETs affect GC progression remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of NET formation in the TIME and further explored the underlying mechanism of NETs in GC tumour growth.

Methods
Hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), citrulline histone 3 (citH3) and CD66b expression in tumour and adjacent nontumor tissue samples was evaluated by western blotting, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of neutrophil-attracting chemokines in GC cells and their hypoxic-CM was measured by qRT‒PCR and ELISA. Neutrophil migration under hypoxic conditions was evaluated by a Transwell assay. Pathway activation in neutrophils in a hypoxic microenvironment were analysed by western blotting. NET formation was measured in vitro by immunofluorescence staining. The protumour effect of NETs on GC cells was identified by Transwell, wound healing and cell proliferation assays. In vivo, an lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NET model and subcutaneous tumour model were established in BALB/c nude mice to explore the mechanism of NETs in tumour growth.

Results
GC generates a hypoxic microenvironment that recruits neutrophils and induces NET formation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was translocated to the cytoplasm from the nucleus of GC cells in the hypoxic microenvironment and mediated the formation of NETs via the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/p38 MAPK signalling pathway in neutrophils. HMGB1/TLR4/p38 MAPK pathway inhibition abrogated hypoxia-induced neutrophil activation and NET formation. NETs directly induced GC cell invasion and migration but not proliferation and accelerated the augmentation of GC growth by increasing angiogenesis. This rapid tumour growth was abolished by treatment with the NET inhibitor deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) or a p38 MAPK signalling pathway inhibitor.

Conclusions
Hypoxia triggers an inflammatory response and NET formation in the GC TIME to augment tumour growth. Targeting NETs with DNase I or HMGB1/TLR4/p38 MAPK pathway inhibitors is a potential therapeutic strategy to inhibit GC progression.
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in a Caucasian man without identifiable genetic predisposition: a case report
Authors: Heydorn Arne , Bertelsen Birgitte , Nolsöe Rúna Louise Mortansdóttir , Eiken Pia , Kristensen Peter Lommer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare condition characterized by muscle paralysis, thyrotoxicosis, and hypokalemia. It presents with paralysis of both proximal and distal musculature in upper and lower limbs and may affect respiratory musculature and the cardiac conduction system. Early diagnosis is essential, as the condition is potentially reversible by oral or intravenous potassium treatment, leading to rapid resolution without lasting weakness. Overlooking the diagnosis may result in respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmias including QT prolongation, Torsades de points, and ventricular arrhythmias.

Case presentation
A 19-year-old Caucasian man was admitted acutely with paralysis in upper and lower limbs and tachycardia. Over several months, he had experienced anxiousness, sweating more than usual, had daily palpitations, shortness of breath on exertion, and loose stools, and had lost 21 kg over the last year. Initial blood gas showed very low potassium of 1.4 mM, and blood tests showed decreased Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) < 0.01 × 10− 3 IU/L, elevated free thyroxine (fT4) of 63.5 pM (reference interval (RI): 12.0–22.0 pM), and elevated total triiodothyronine (T3) of 8.2 nM (RI: 1.0–2.6 nM). He was diagnosed with TPP and treated with liquid oral potassium chloride (30 mmol every 30 minutes) and propylthiouracil (initial dose of 400 mg followed by 200 mg three times daily). TSH-receptor antibodies (TRAB) and thyroid-peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) were highly elevated. Thyroid ultrasound showed a normal-sized gland and color Doppler sonography showed increased vascularity throughout the gland, compatible with Graves’ disease. He was discharged on day 4 with a normal potassium level and followed in the outpatient clinic where he received standard care for Graves’ disease. Genetic testing using whole-genome sequencing found no genetic variants in genes previously associated with TPP.

Conclusion
TPP is very rare in Caucasians but more often affects young men in East Asian populations. The case presents a Caucasian man with TPP where genetic testing of CACNA1S, KCNJ18, SCN4A, KCNJ2, KCNE3, and ABCC8 shows no pathogenic variants in genes previously associated with TPP.
Activation of ACLY by SEC63 deploys metabolic reprogramming to facilitate hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis upon endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Hu Chenyu , Xin Zechang , Sun Xiaoyan , Hu Yang , Zhang Chunfeng , Yan Rui , Wang Yuying , Lu Min , Huang Jing , Du Xiaojuan , Xing Baocai , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Tumor cells display augmented capability to maintain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and hijack ER stress pathway for malignant phenotypes under microenvironmental stimuli. Metabolic reprogramming is a well-known hallmark for tumor cells to provide specific adaptive traits to the microenvironmental alterations. However, it’s unknown how tumor cells orchestrate metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression in response to ER stress. Herein, we aimed to explore the pivotal roles of SEC63-mediated metabolic remodeling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell metastasis after ER stress.

Methods
The expression levels of SEC63 in HCC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The regulatory roles of SEC63 in HCC metastasis were investigated both in vitro and in vivo by RNA-sequencing, metabolites detection, immunofluorescence, and transwell migration/invasion analyses. GST pull-down, immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry and in vivo ubiquitination/phosphorylation assay were conducted to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results
We identified SEC63 as a new regulator of HCC cell metabolism. Upon ER stress, the phosphorylation of SEC63 at T537 by IRE1α pathway contributed to SEC63 activation. Then, the stability of ACLY was upregulated by SEC63 to increase the supply of acetyl-CoA and lipid biosynthesis, which are beneficial for improving ER capacity. Meanwhile, SEC63 also entered into nucleus for increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA production to upregulate unfolded protein response targets to improve ER homeostasis. Importantly, SEC63 coordinated with ACLY to epigenetically modulate expression of Snail1 in the nucleus. Consequently, SEC63 promoted HCC cell metastasis and these effects were reversed by ACLY inhibition. Clinically, SEC63 expression was significantly upregulated in HCC tissue specimens and was positively correlated with ACLY expression. Importantly, high expression of SEC63 predicted unfavorable prognosis of HCC patients.

Conclusions
Our findings revealed that SEC63-mediated metabolic reprogramming plays important roles in keeping ER homeostasis upon stimuli in HCC cells. Meanwhile, SEC63 coordinates with ACLY to upregulate the expression of Snail1, which further promotes HCC metastasis. Metastasis is crucial for helping cancer cells seek new settlements upon microenvironmental stimuli. Taken together, our findings highlight a cancer selective adaption to ER stress as well as reveal the potential roles of the IRE1α-SEC63-ACLY axis in HCC treatment.
The potential benefits of assessing post-cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in aging: a narrative review
Authors: Lim Zi Xiang , Gyanwali Bibek , Soh Janjira , Koh Angela S. , Goh Jorming 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is an important tool to measure the cardiopulmonary fitness of an individual and has been widely used in athletic, clinical and research settings. Most CPET focus on analyzing physiological responses during exercise. We contend that the post-CPET recovery physiological responses offer further diagnostic and prognostic information about the health of the cardiopulmonary and metabolic systems, especially when testing apparently healthy middle-aged and older adults. However, there are limited studies that investigate physiological responses during the post-CPET recovery, and even less so in middle-aged and older adults. Therefore, this current review is aimed at discussing the contribution of post-CPET recovery parameters to cardiopulmonary health and their potential applications in aging populations. In addition to the existing methods, we propose to examine the aerobic and anaerobic recovery threshold post-CPET as novel potential diagnostic and/or prognostic tools.
Handling unexpected inputs: incorporating source-wise out-of-distribution detection into SAR-optical data fusion for scene classification
Authors: Gawlikowski Jakob , Saha Sudipan , Niebling Julia , Zhu Xiao Xiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe fusion of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical satellite data is widely used for deep learning based scene classification. Counter-intuitively such neural networks are still sensitive to changes in single data sources, which can lead to unexpected behavior and a significant drop in performance when individual sensors fail or when clouds obscure the optical image. In this paper we incorporate source-wise out-of-distribution (OOD) detection into the fusion process at test time in order to not consider unuseful or even harmful information for the prediction. As a result, we propose a modified training procedure together with an adaptive fusion approach that weights the extracted information based on the source-wise in-distribution probabilities. We evaluate the proposed approach on the BigEarthNet multilabel scene classification data set and several additional OOD test cases as missing or damaged data, clouds, unknown classes, and coverage by snow and ice. The results show a significant improvement in robustness to different types of OOD data affecting only individual data sources. At the same time the approach maintains the classification performance of the baseline approaches compared. The code for the experiments of this paper is available on GitHub: https://github.com/JakobCode/OOD_DataFusion
A hierarchically sampling global sparse transformer in data stream mining for lightweight image restoration
Authors: Shi Mingzhu , Zao Bin , Wang Chao , Tan Muxian , Kong Siqi , Liu Shouju 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWith the rapid development of information technology, mining valuable information from multi-source data stream is essential for redundant data, particularly in image processing; the image is degraded when the image sensor acquires information. Recently, transformer has been applied to the image restoration (IR) and shown significant performance. However, its computational complexity grows quadratically with increasing spatial resolution, especially in IR tasks to obtain long-range dependencies between global elements through attention computation. To resolve this problem, we present a novel hierarchical sparse transformer (HST) network with two key strategies. Firstly, a coordinating local and global information mapping mechanism is proposed to perceive and feedback image texture information effectively. Secondly, we propose a global sparse sampler that reduces the computational complexity of feature maps while effectively capturing the association information of global pixels. We have conducted numerous experiments to verify the single/double layer structure and sampling method by analyzing computational cost and parameters. Experimental results on image deraining and motion deblurring show that the proposed HST performs better in recovering details compared to the baseline methods, achieving an average improvement of 1.10 dB PSNR on five image deraining datasets and excellent detail reconstruction performance in visualization.
A neural network-supported two-stage algorithm for lightweight dereverberation on hearing devices
Authors: Lemercier Jean-Marie , Thiemann Joachim , Koning Raphael , Gerkmann Timo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA two-stage lightweight online dereverberation algorithm for hearing devices is presented in this paper. The approach combines a multi-channel multi-frame linear filter with a single-channel single-frame post-filter. Both components rely on power spectral density (PSD) estimates provided by deep neural networks (DNNs). By deriving new metrics analyzing the dereverberation performance in various time ranges, we confirm that directly optimizing for a criterion at the output of the multi-channel linear filtering stage results in a more efficient dereverberation as compared to placing the criterion at the output of the DNN to optimize the PSD estimation. More concretely, we show that training this stage end-to-end helps further remove the reverberation in the range accessible to the filter, thus increasing the early-to-moderate reverberation ratio. We argue and demonstrate that it can then be well combined with a post-filtering stage to efficiently suppress the residual late reverberation, thereby increasing the early-to-final reverberation ratio. This proposed two-stage procedure is shown to be both very effective in terms of dereverberation performance and computational demands, as compared to, e.g., recent state-of-the-art DNN approaches. Furthermore, the proposed two-stage system can be adapted to the needs of different types of hearing-device users by controlling the amount of reduction of early reflections.
The effect of fear of missing out on mental health: differences in different solitude behaviors
Authors: Liu Xinyang , Liu Tour , Zhou Zhao , Wan Fuyu 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Depression, anxiety, and stress are the main issues that affect the mental health of individuals. Solitude behavior, fear of missing out, and mental health are all closely related.

Objective
This study was intended to investigate the relationship between solitude behavior, fear of missing out, and mental health.

Methods
Short Form of Solitude Behavior Scale, Fear of Missing Out scale, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were employed in this study to investigate 616 college students. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 for basic data organization, and Mplus 8.3 was used to complete the analysis of the mediation model.

Results
(1) Positive solitude was positively associated with eccentricity and negatively related to loneliness; social avoidance positively correlated with eccentricity and loneliness. (2) Social avoidance and loneliness affected mental health through the mediating effect of fear of missing out, whereas positive solitude and eccentricity did not affect mental health through fear of missing out. Moreover, the results still held in the model with depression, anxiety, and stress as dependent variables.

Conclusion
The roles of different solitude behavior in the relationship between fear of missing out and mental health differed. Social avoidance and loneliness as not self-determined solitude could activate the fear of missing out, which could affect mental health.
Cine MR feature tracking analysis for diagnosing thymic epithelial tumors: a feasibility study
Authors: Takumi Koji , Nagano Hiroaki , Mukai Akie , Ueda Kazuhiro , Tabata Kazuhiro , Yoshiura Takashi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
To assess the feasibility of the cine MR feature tracking technique for the evaluation of cardiovascular-induced morphological deformation in the diagnosis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).

Methods
Our study population consisted of 43 patients with pathologically proven TETs including 10 low-grade thymomas, 23 high-grade thymomas, and 10 thymic carcinomas. Cine MR images were acquired using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence with short periods of breath-hold in the axial and oblique planes in the slice with the largest lesion cross-sectional area. The tumor margin was manually delineated in the diastolic phase and was automatically tracked for all other cardiac phases. The change rates of the long-to-short diameter ratio (∆LSR) and tumor area (∆area) associated with pulsation were compared between the three pathological groups using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Mann–Whitney U test. A receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the ability of each parameter to differentiate thymic carcinomas from thymomas.

Results
∆LSR and ∆area were significantly different among the three groups in the axial plane (p = 0.028 and 0.006, respectively) and in the oblique plane (p = 0.034 and 0.043, respectively). ∆LSR and ∆area values were significantly lower in thymic carcinomas than in thymomas in the axial plane (for both, p = 0.012) and in the oblique plane (p = 0.015 and 0.011, respectively). The area under the ROC curves for ∆LSR and ∆area for the diagnosis of thymic carcinoma ranged from 0.755 to 0.764.

Conclusions
Evaluation of morphological deformation using cine-MR feature tracking analysis can help diagnose histopathological subtypes of TETs and identify thymic carcinomas preoperatively.
Taking high-stakes venture to make ends meet? Determinants and impacts of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East
Authors: Wondimagegnhu Beneberu A. , Fantahun Lemlem 
Published: May 2023

AbstractEthiopia is one of the major origins for international migrants to the Middle East in Africa regardless of the risks and the abuses that migrants face. The study aims to analyse the determinants of international migration of Ethiopians to the Middle East and its impact on the income of households staying behind particularly in the Dessie Zuria district of the Amhara region in Ethiopia. Data were randomly collected from 346 households and analysed using descriptive statistics, logit regression, and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) models. The logit regression analysis indicates that bigger family size, network with migrants/returnees, and the presence of peer/family pressure influence the probability of international migration positively. On the contrary, being a male household head, ownership of larger farmland and livestock, and participation in additional non-farm activities determine international migration negatively. The findings from the PSM model revealed that international migration increased the annual income of migrant-sending households by 13,079.51 ETB per year over non-migrant sending households. However, the benefits enjoyed by the families staying behind have been at the expense of migrants, whose income is hard-earned and they often take a risky route to reach the destination regions. The findings call for an integrated policy approach to control population pressure that depletes the key financial and physical assets of households in the origin and thus forces individuals to look for alternative livelihood strategies such as migration. Location-specific policy interventions are needed to create non-farm and alternative livelihoods, improve agricultural productivity, and access information to reduce exaggerated and misleading information about the destination areas.
Suboptimal control status of young hypertensive population
Authors: Shin Donghun , Choi JungMin , Lee Hae-Young 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe prevalence of hypertension (HT) among young adults aged 18 to 39 years is estimated to be 3.7% to 8.6% worldwide. Although the prevalence of HT in young adults is lower than that of the overall population, those with HT are at substantially increased risk of cardiovascular events compared to those without HT. HT in young adults should be taken with even more caution as longer exposure to higher blood pressure leads to a higher lifetime risk of HT-mediated organ damage. However, young patients with HT show low awareness of HT compared to older patients. Also, they are more prone to show low treatment adherence despite the good efficacy of the treatment. Other risk factors that hinder HT control among young adults include alcohol intake, smoking, low physical activity, emotional stress, job stress, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. This review aimed to illustrate the suboptimal control status of the young hypertensive population and to propose strategies for improvement.