bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative efficiencies and global warming potentials of agricultural fumigants
Authors: Shine Keith P , Kang Yi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A rounded assessment of the environmental impacts of fumigants used within the agricultural sector must consider the potential climate impacts of their release into the atmosphere. Within policy settings, the 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP100) is the most commonly used metric. While GWP100 values are available for the widely used fumigant sulfuryl fluoride, no estimates are available for 4 alternative fumigants: ethyl formate, cyanogen, hydrogen cyanide and phosphine. Existing laboratory measurements of the infrared spectra and reaction rate coefficients of these gases are used to produce new estimates of their radiative efficiencies and atmospheric lifetimes, and the first estimates of their GWP100 and other climate emission metrics. Although uncertainties are considerable, their GWP100 values are estimated to be no more than 2% of the GWP100 value of sulfuryl fluoride. These new estimates will enable informed estimates of the climate impact of the use of these fumigants, which must account for the differing usage and release rates to achieve the same fumigant efficacy.
Development of distributed compliant mechanism for two distinct applications: displacement amplifying and object holding mechanism
Authors: Kandharkar Sachin R , Pardeshi Sujit S , Soman Rohan , Patange Abhishek D , Ostachowicz Wieslaw 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Compliant mechanism finds its application in high precision devices for precise movements attaining positioning accuracy, micro actuation, aerospace, biomedical engineering, etc. A detailed study of compliant mechanisms capable of transferring coplanar motion/ force along with geometric amplification was undertaken and is presented. An iterative approach was undertaken successively to design and develop a displacement amplifying compliant mechanism (DaCM) within a specified design domain with the objective to obtain geometric amplification (GA) of 3. Also, an application of object holding mechanism using topology optimization has been presented. The optimized topology was further iterated for attaining desired objective function and modifications in the geometry are undertaken considering design for manufacturing and design for assembly principles. With the modifications undertaken, a reduction in (GA)T is observed and the volume fraction of the mechanism is increased than the base model resulting into more strength required for object holding. However, the designer needs to balance between stiffness and compliance based on the objective function of specific application.
Arterial Wall and Tissue Penetration Force With Various Cannulas and Needles
Authors: Siperstein Robyn D , Broadfield Doug C , Yerke Hansen Payton , Conger Jordan R , Zhang-Nunes Sandy X 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Vascular penetration during aesthetic filler injections can cause serious side effects such as skin necrosis and blindness.

Objectives
The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cannula brand and gauge on the risk of vascular penetration.

Methods
The minimal force to penetrate the superficial temporal artery with 3 cannula brands and 1 needle brand in 4 sizes (22, 25, 27, and 30 gauge) was measured in 4 fresh frozen cadavers utilizing a force gauge that measured as low as 0.1 Newtons. Tissue penetration force in the subdermal plane of the nasolabial fold was measured and compared with retrospective training data in live humans. The arterial penetration test was repeated at a second site on 1 fresh cadaver with 2 different force gauges.

Results
Significantly lower forces were needed with all size needles vs the same gauge cannulas in all brands to penetrate the cadaveric artery and advance in the subdermal plane of the nasolabial fold in both cadavers and live humans. To successfully enter the artery in a cadaver with any cannula, numerous attempts were necessary. The tissue penetration force in the subdermal plane of the nasolabial fold in a cadaver was not significantly different than in a living person; however, it was significantly higher than the arterial penetration force in a dissected cadaver.

Conclusions
All gauge cannulas (including 27 and 30 gauge), require more force than the same size needle to penetrate an artery. However, it appears that friction coefficient and flexibility, not the arterial penetration force, are the most important factors in keeping the instrument outside the vessel.
Intricate covariation between exploration and avoidance learning in a generalist predator
Authors: Kuo Chi-Yun , Chin Hao-En , Wu Yu-Zhe 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Many predators avoid unprofitable prey by learning to use visual features of the prey as reliable indicators of quality. However, individual variation in avoidance learning is rarely examined in detail. It has been hypothesized that better avoidance learning ability might correlate with faster exploration tendency, but available data are limited in both quantity and scope. In this study, we examined the covariation between exploration, foraging decisions, and avoidance learning in a generalist lizard Eutropis multifasciata to test the prediction that faster explorers are also better avoidance learners. We also examined how sex, population, and color of unpalatable prey might mediate the exploration-avoidance learning covariation. We collected data on exploration and foraging behavior in individuals from two allopatric populations and quantified changes in foraging decisions over five daily learning trials, in which individuals were presented with normal- and bitter-tasting prey that differed consistently in color. Even though bitter prey elicited strong negative responses, lizards overall did not avoid consuming fewer such prey with learning. Instead, they learned to prioritize on palatable prey as the experiment progressed. In concordance with our prediction, we found that faster explorers were generally better avoidance learners, even though sex, population, and prey color were also important. Our study represents a rare experimental test of the exploration-avoidance learning covariation, especially in non-avian systems. Our results suggest that unpalatability might be an ineffective defense against generalist predators such as E. multifasciata and that faster explorers might impose stronger selection for the evolution of warning signals in unprofitable prey.
Biallelic variants in COQ7 cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy with upper motor neuron signs
Authors: Rebelo Adriana P , Tomaselli Pedro J , Medina Jessica , Wang Ying , Dohrn Maike F , Nyvltova Eva , Danzi Matt C , Garrett Mark , Smith Sean E , Pestronk Alan , Li Chengcheng , Ruiz Ariel , Jacobs Elizabeth , Feely Shawna M E , França Marcondes C , Gomes Marcus V , Santos Diogo F , Kumar Surinder , Lombard David B , Saporta Mario , Hekimi Siegfried , Barrientos Antoni , Weihl Conrad , Shy Michael E , Marques Wilson , Zuchner Stephan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
COQ7 encodes a hydroxylase responsible for the penultimate step of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis in mitochondria. CoQ10 is essential for multiple cellular functions, including mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. Mutations in COQ7 have been previously associated with primary CoQ10 deficiency, a clinically heterogeneous multisystemic mitochondrial disorder. We identified COQ7 biallelic variants in nine families diagnosed with distal hereditary motor neuropathy with upper neuron involvement, expending the clinical phenotype associated with defects in this gene. A recurrent p.Met1? change was identified in five families from Brazil with evidence of a founder effect. Fibroblasts isolated from patients revealed a substantial depletion of COQ7 protein levels, indicating protein instability leading to loss of enzyme function. High-performance liquid chromatography assay showed that fibroblasts from patients had reduced levels of CoQ10, and abnormal accumulation of the biosynthetic precursor DMQ10. Accordingly, fibroblasts from patients displayed significantly decreased oxygen consumption rates in patients, suggesting mitochondrial respiration deficiency. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived motor neurons from patient fibroblasts showed significantly increased levels of extracellular neurofilament light protein, indicating axonal degeneration. Our findings indicate a molecular pathway involving CoQ10 biosynthesis deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with distal hereditary motor neuropathy. Further studies will be important to evaluate the potential benefits of CoQ10 supplementation in the clinical outcome of the disease.
Obesity and hidradenitis suppurativa: targeting meta-inflammation for therapeutic gain
Authors: Mintoff Dillon , Agius Rachel , Benhadou Farida , Das Anupam , Frew John W , Pace Nikolai P 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory condition of the pilosebaceous unit. The typical patient with HS is characterized as someone with obesity, who smokes and who has nodules, abscesses and/or draining tunnels predominantly distributed in intertriginous skin. It has been established that lifestyle and genetic factors are the main pathophysiological drivers of HS. In this critical review, we explore the interrelatedness of meta-inflammation, obesity and HS and discuss if and how this relationship may be manipulated for a therapeutic end.
Mapping modern economic rents: the good, the bad, and the grey areas
Authors: Mazzucato Mariana , Ryan-Collins Josh , Gouzoulis Giorgos 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
There is increasing consensus that modern capitalist economies suffer from excessive rent extraction in both financial and real economy sectors. However, scholars have yet to develop a coherent analytical framework for identifying the common characteristics of modern economic rents. In particular, there has been little attention paid to distinguishing ‘good’ rents—key to innovation and growth—from ‘bad’ forms which contribute to economic stagnation and inequalities of wealth and income. This paper takes some first steps in this direction. We first review the existing rent theory most pertinent to this distinction, including classical political economy, the early twentieth century institutionalists, neoclassical perspectives and Keynes’s analysis of financial rentiers. Secondly, we map and conceptualise some key stylised features of modern rents, drawing on descriptive empirical evidence. We then identify the key questions that these developments raise for rent theory, elaborating a new research and policy agenda.
A Decade of Waiting: Experiences of Women Living With Vulvar Crohn’s Disease and Interactions With Healthcare Professionals Related to Their Sexual Well-Being: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Fourie Simona , Jackson Debra , Czuber-Dochan Wladyslawa , Norton Christine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Vulvar Crohn’s disease is a rare cutaneous manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease and to date, studies have reported on under 300 cases worldwide. The condition has an increased risk of malignancy, and diagnosis is often difficult. Treatment protocols are yet to be developed. This paper aimed to provide the first account of patients’ experience of living with vulvar Crohn’s.

Methods
A previous qualitative study exploring experiences of sexual well-being in inflammatory bowel disease and experiences of discussing sexual well-being with healthcare professionals found 3 participants who self-reported vulvar Crohn’s disease. Data from the whole cohort (n = 43) were previously reported. Telephone semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. van Manen’s phenomenology of practice framework informed analysis.

Results
Due to significant differences in experiences, this subgroup of 3 women with vulvar Crohn’s warranted separate attention. The common theme of the group was A decade of waiting, describing the major delays experienced in being diagnosed. The symptoms reported appeared to be very severe, and sexual well-being was very negatively affected.

Conclusions
Women with vulvar Crohn’s trust in healthcare professionals was eroded as a result of a decade delay in diagnosis, while the quality of life and relationships suffered.
New pharmacological agents and novel cardiovascular pharmacotherapy strategies in 2022
Authors: Tamargo Juan , Agewall Stefan , Borghi Claudio , Ceconi Claudio , Cerbai Elisabetta , Dan Gheorghe A , Ferdinandy Péter , Grove Erik Lerkevang , Rocca Bianca , Sulzgruber Patrick , Semb Anne Grete , Sossalla Samuel , Niessner Alexander , Kaski Juan Carlos , Dobrev Dobromir 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death worldwide, and pharmacotherapy of most of them is suboptimal. Thus, there is a clear unmet clinical need to develop new pharmacological strategies with greater efficacy and better safety profiles. In this review, we summarize the most relevant advances in cardiovascular pharmacology in 2022, including the approval of first-in-class drugs that open new avenues for the treatment of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (mavacamten), type 2 diabetes mellitus (tirzepatide), and heart failure (HF) independent of left ventricular ejection fraction (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors). We also dealt with fixed dose combination therapies repurposing different formulations of ‘old’ drugs with well-known efficacy and safety for the treatment of patients with acute decompensated HF (acetazolamide plus loop diuretics), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (moderate-dose statin plus ezetimibe), Marfan syndrome (angiotensin receptor blockers plus β-blockers), and secondary cardiovascular prevention (i.e. low-dose aspirin, ramipril, and atorvastatin), thereby filling existing gaps in knowledge and opening new avenues for the treatment of CVD. Clinical trials confirming the role of dapagliflozin in patients with HF and mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction, long-term evolocumab to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, vitamin K antagonists for stroke prevention in patients with rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation, antibiotic prophylaxis in patients at high risk for infective endocarditis before invasive dental procedures, and vutrisiran for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis with polyneuropathy were also reviewed. Finally, we briefly discuss recent clinical trials suggesting that FXIa inhibitors may have the potential to uncouple thrombosis from haemostasis and attenuate/prevent thromboembolic events with minimal disruption of haemostasis.
Predicting Gene Expression Divergence between Single-Copy Orthologs in Two Species
Authors: Piya Antara Anika , DeGiorgio Michael , Assis Raquel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Predicting gene expression divergence is integral to understanding the emergence of new biological functions and associated traits. Whereas several sophisticated methods have been developed for this task, their applications are either limited to duplicate genes or require expression data from more than two species. Thus, here we present PredIcting eXpression dIvergence (PiXi), the first machine learning framework for predicting gene expression divergence between single-copy orthologs in two species. PiXi models gene expression evolution as an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, and overlays this model with multi-layer neural network (NN), random forest, and support vector machine architectures for making predictions. It outputs the predicted class “conserved” or “diverged” for each pair of orthologs, as well as their predicted expression optima in the two species. We show that PiXi has high power and accuracy in predicting gene expression divergence between single-copy orthologs, as well as high accuracy and precision in estimating their expression optima in the two species, across a wide range of evolutionary scenarios, with the globally best performance achieved by a multi-layer NN. Moreover, application of our best-performing PiXi predictor to empirical gene expression data from single-copy orthologs residing at different loci in two species of Drosophila reveals that approximately 23% underwent expression divergence after positional relocation. Further analysis shows that several of these “diverged” genes are involved in the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that new chromatin environments may impact energy production in Drosophila. Thus, by providing a toolkit for predicting gene expression divergence between single-copy orthologs in two species, PiXi can shed light on the origins of novel phenotypes across diverse biological processes and study systems.
A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Evolution Analysis of Andrena camellia (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Zhao Kaixuan , Luo Arong , Zhou Qingsong , Wei Wei , Liu Wenping , Zhu Chaodong , Niu Zeqing , Zhou Zeyang , Huang Dunyuan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Andrena camellia, an effective pollinator of the economically significant crop Camellia oleifera, can withstand the toxic pollen of C. oleifera, making An. camellia crucial for resource conservation and cultivation of C. oleifera. In this study, the whole genome of An. camellia was sequenced on the Oxford Nanopore platform. The assembled genome size was 340.73 Mb including 50 scaffolds (N50 = 47.435 Mb) and 131 contigs (N50 = 17.2 Mb). A total of 11,258 protein-coding genes were annotated; in addition, 1,104 noncoding RNAs were identified. Further analysis shows that some chromosomes of An. camellia have a high level of synteny with those of Apis mellifera, Osmia bicornis, and Andrena minutula. Thus, our reported genome of An. camellia serves as a valuable resource for studying species evolution, behavioral biology, and adaption to toxic pollen of C. oleifera.
The Impact of Learning Multiple Real-World Skills on Cognitive Abilities and Functional Independence in Healthy Older Adults
Authors: Leanos Shirley , Kürüm Esra , Strickland-Hughes Carla M , Ditta Annie S , Nguyen Gianhu , Felix Miranda , Yum Hara , Rebok George W , Wu Rachel 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
The natural learning experience from infancy to emerging adulthood, when considerable cognitive and functional growth is observed, mandates learning multiple real-world skills simultaneously. The present studies investigated whether learning multiple real-world skills simultaneously is possible in older adults and also whether it improves both their cognitive abilities (working memory, episodic memory, and cognitive control) and functional independence.

Methods
Over two studies (15 and 27 participants), older adults learned at least three new skills (e.g., Spanish, drawing, music composition) simultaneously for 3 months. Participants completed cognitive and functional assessments before, during, and after the intervention in both studies. Participants were recruited sequentially for an intervention or no-contact control group in Study 1, and Study 2 included only an intervention group, who also completed assessments 4–6 weeks prior to the start of the intervention (i.e., they served as their own control group).

Results
Results from both studies show that simultaneously learning multiple skills is feasible and potentially beneficial for healthy older adults. Learning multiple skills simultaneously increased cognitive abilities in older adults by midpoint of the intervention, to levels similar to performance in a separate sample of middle-aged adults.

Discussion
Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential of conducting a real-world skill-learning intervention involving learning three novel skills with older adults. Our multiskill intervention may provide broad cognitive gains, akin to the benefits experienced earlier in the life span.
“Sometimers, Alzheimer’s? I love that! That’s definitely me”: Readers’ Responses to Fictional Dementia Narratives
Authors: Carney Gemma M , Lugea Jane , Fernandez-Quintanilla Carolina , Devine Paula 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article presents findings from an interdisciplinary project which invited readers to experience the impact of dementia via fictional characters’ narratives. Combining methods from critical gerontology and literary linguistics—a field that examines the language of literature—we undertook an empirical reader response study of dementia fiction. We constructed a large corpus of dementia fiction; selecting 12 extracts, each containing first-hand, focalized accounts of fictional characters’ experiences of living with dementia. Readers (31) were purposively sampled for 4 separate reading groups—student social workers (9); general public (9); family carers (6); and people with dementia (7). Over 6 weeks they engaged in separate, facilitated, on-line group discussions of extracts. Discussions were independently coded using ATLAS.ti.Although readers from all 4 groups reported that fictional characters drew them into the internal life of someone with dementia, some carers questioned whether fictional characters’ experiences were plausible. Readers with dementia recognized themselves in the extracts; viewing fictional characters as eloquent envoys of their lived experiences of diagnosis, social isolation, loss of language, and use of humor.Fictional characters offer an entry point for understanding contrasts in caregiver and care-receiver experiences of dementia. Fictional characters are potentially useful for moving dementia narratives beyond monstrous cultural metaphors and onto a disability-based rights agenda.
Literary, Found and Research Poetry: New Approaches to Representations of Aging and Aged Care
Authors: Holland-Batt Sarah , Miller Evonne 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
At a time when rapid population aging is producing an emphasis on questions of healthy aging in the public discourse, conditions such as dementia, physical, and other disabilities still too often remain taboo, and this is particularly true in relation to the confronting subjects of aged care, neglect, and failures of care provision. This article considers the transformative potential of 2 different but complementary forms of poetry—research poetry and lyric poetry—to break these silences and represent experiences across the physical and emotional spectrum of aging, including the perspectives of older people and their families whose experiences are neutral, negative, or even distressing, as well as challenge and counter existing negative stereotypes of aging in the public and literary realms. Neither research poetry nor lyric poetry is common in gerontological research; however, they offer the radical potential to offer insight into the lived realities of older people and their loved ones. Research poetry uses the direct words of older people, drawing on transcripts and found texts, and giving voice to people who otherwise would not be heard. Lyric poetry, by contrast, draws more heavily on literary techniques such as metaphor and direct address to evoke sensory and intimate experiences of aging and aged care. This paper presents 2 poems comparing and contrasting the respective processes and techniques of these different poetic forms to represent the imaginary, feared, and hoped-for futures of older people, including those in aged care.