bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the degree of subchondral collapse and articular surface irregularities in osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yamamoto Noriko , Motomura Goro , Ikemura Satoshi , Yamaguchi Ryosuke , Utsunomiya Takeshi , Kawano Koichiro , Xu Mingjian , Tanaka Hidenao , Ayabe Yusuke , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractArticular surface irregularities are often observed in collapsed femoral heads with osteonecrosis, while the effects of the degree of collapse on the articular surface are poorly understood. We first macroscopically assessed the articular surface irregularities on 2‐mm coronal slices obtained using high‐resolution microcomputed tomography of 76 surgically resected femoral heads with osteonecrosis. These irregularities were observed in 68/76 femoral heads, mainly at the lateral boundary of the necrotic region. The mean degree of collapse was significantly larger for femoral heads with articular surface irregularities than for those without (p < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the cutoff value for the degree of collapse in femoral heads with articular surface irregularities at the lateral boundary was 1.1 mm. Next, for femoral heads with <3‐mm collapse (n = 28), articular surface irregularities were quantitatively assessed based on the number of automatically counted negative curvature points. Quantitative evaluation showed that the degree of collapse was positively correlated with the presence of articular surface irregularities (r = 0.95, p < 0.0001). Histological examination of articular cartilage above the necrotic region (n = 8) revealed cell necrosis in the calcified layer and abnormal cellular arrangement in the deep and middle layers. In conclusion, articular surface irregularities of the necrotic femoral head depended on the degree of collapse, and articular cartilage was already altered even in the absence of macroscopically determined gross irregularities.
Evaluation of foliar applications of urea at three concentrations on grape amino acids composition
Authors: Murillo‐Peña Rebeca , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Martínez‐Vidaurre José María 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrape nitrogen composition directly affects the development of alcoholic fermentation and also influences the final wine aromatic composition. Moreover, different factors influence grape amino acids composition, such as rate and timing of nitrogen application. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of three doses of urea, applied at two different phenological stages (pre‐veraison and veraison), on the nitrogen composition of Tempranillo grapes during two consecutive seasons.RESULTSUrea treatments did not affect vineyard yield, oenological parameters of the grapes and yeast assimilable nitrogen. However, amino acids concentration in the musts increased at both moments of urea application (pre‐veraison and veraison), but the lower urea concentrations and sprayed at pre‐veraison improved most of the amino acids in the musts, during two vintages. Moreover, when the year was rainy, the higher dose treatment (9 kg N ha−1) applied at pre‐veraison and veraison improved the amino acid concentration in the must.CONCLUSIONFoliar applications of urea could be an interesting viticulture practice in order to increase the amino acids concentration in Tempranillo musts. © 2023 The Authors.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculturepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Fluorescent properties of marine phytoplankton exudates and lability to marine heterotrophic prokaryotes degradation
Authors: Bachi Giancarlo , Morelli Elisabetta , Gonnelli Margherita , Balestra Cecilia , Casotti Raffaella , Evangelista Valtere , Repeta Daniel J. , Santinelli Chiara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractExudates by the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum were incubated with a natural community of marine heterotrophic prokaryotes for 24 d in order to investigate the link between the biological lability and the molecular weight, fluorescence, and polarity of phytoplankton dissolved organic matter (DOM). Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal, changes in fluorescence and in the heterotrophic prokaryote abundance were followed over time both in the total exudates and in the low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight fractions. To detect changes in the polarity of proteins, reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to the high‐molecular‐weight fraction. Our results indicate that freshly produced phytoplankton DOM exhibits a dynamic pattern of degradation that is accompanied by large changes in the growth efficiency of the bacterial community that are likely related to changes in DOM quality. Approximately 20% of high‐molecular‐weight DOM and 40% of fluorescence attributed to protein‐like DOM were degraded over the first days of the incubation indicating that protein‐like DOM is likely a labile component of phytoplankton exudates. In contrast, fluorescence measurements suggest that humic‐like substances are resistant to bacterial degradation over the 24 d of the experiment. Despite fluctuations in the short‐term rates of high‐molecular‐weight and low‐molecular‐weight DOM removal, the relative contributions of these fractions to DOM pool were similar in the fresh exudates and at the end of our incubation experiments.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Nobiletin via Gut Microbiota‐Metabolism Axis on Hyperglycemic Mice
Authors: Liao Xiaoshan , Zou Jiaxuan , Wu Mengting , Deng Yudi , Shi Jinwei , Hao Yuting , Deng Hong , Liao Wenzhen 
Published: March 2023

ScopePrediabetes and diabetes are major public health problems worldwide without specific cure currently. Gut microbes have been recognized as one of the vital therapeutic targets for diabetes. The exploration that nobiletin (NOB) whether affects gut microbes provides a scientific basis for its application.Methods and resultsA hyperglycemia animal model is established using high‐fat‐fed ApoE−/− mice. After 24 weeks of NOB intervention, the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and glycosylated serum protein (GSP) are measured. Pancreas integrity is observed by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy. 16s RNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics are to determine the changes of intestinal microbial composition and metabolic pathways. The levels of FBG and GSP in hyperglycemic mice are effectively reduced. The secretory function of pancreas is improved. Meanwhile, NOB treatment restored the gut microbial composition and affected metabolic function. Furthermore, NOB treatment regulates the metabolic disorder mainly through lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and Secondary bile acid metabolism, etc. In addition, it is possibly existed mutual promotion between microbe and metabolites.ConclusionNOB probably plays a vital role in the hypoglycemic effect and pancreatic islets protection by improving microbiota composition and gut metabolism.
Increased risk of depression after Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Levison Lotte Sahin , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Andersen Henning 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a potentially life‐threatening disorder, and some patients may develop subsequent depression related to traumatic stress or permanent loss of motor function. We determined the short‐term (0 to 2 years) and long‐term (>2 years) risk of depression after GBS.MethodsIndividual‐level data from nationwide registries were linked in this population‐based cohort study of all first‐time hospital‐diagnosed GBS patients in Denmark between 2005 and 2016 and individuals from the general population. After exclusion of individuals with previous depression, we computed cumulative rates of depression, defined as either antidepressant drug prescription or depression hospital diagnosis. We used Cox regression analyses to calculate adjusted depression hazard ratios (HRs) after GBS.ResultsWe identified 853 incident GBS patients and recruited 8639 individuals from the general population. Depression within 2 years was observed in 21.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 18.2% to 25.0%) of GBS patients and in 3.3% (95% CI, 2.9% to 3.7%) of those in the general population, resulting in a HR of 7.6 (95% CI, 6.2 to 9.3). The highest depression HR was observed within the first 3 months after GBS (HR, 20.5; 95% CI, 13.6 to 30.9). After the first 2 years, GBS patients and the general population members had similar long‐term depression risks with an HR of 0.8 (95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2).DiscussionDuring the first 2 years after GBS hospital admission, patients with GBS had a 7.6‐fold increased hazard of depression compared with individuals in the general population. Two years after GBS, the risk of depression was similar to that of the background population.
Fetal bladder morphology as a predictor of outcome in fetal lower urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Shannon Kara J. , VanLoh Sarah , Espinoza Jimmy , Sanz‐Cortes Magdalena , Donepudi Roopali , Shamshirsaz Alireza A. , Koh Chester J. , Roth David R. , Braun Michael C. , Angelo Joseph , Belfort Michael A. , Nassr Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe evaluate survival of fetuses with severe Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) based on bladder morphology. We hypothesize that fetuses with a “floppy” appearing bladder on initial prenatal ultrasound will have worse infant outcomes than fetuses with full/rounded bladders.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed all cases of LUTO evaluated in our fetal center between January 2013 and December 2021. Ultrasonographic assessment, renal biochemistry, and bladder refilling contributed to a “favorable” or “unfavorable” evaluation. Bladder morphology on initial ultrasound was classified as “floppy” or “full/rounded.” Vesicoamniotic shunting was offered for favorably evaluated fetuses. Baseline demographics, ultrasound parameters, prenatal evaluations of fetal renal function, and infant outcomes were collected. Fetuses diagnosed with severe LUTO were included in analysis using descriptive statistics. The primary outcome measured was survival at 6 months of life.Results104 LUTO patients were evaluated; 24 were included in analysis. Infant survival rate at 6 months was 60% for rounded bladders and 0% for floppy bladders (p = 0.003). Bladder refill adequacy was lower in fetuses with floppy bladders compared with rounded bladders (p value < 0.00001).ConclusionWe propose that bladder morphology in fetuses with severe LUTO may be a prognostication factor for predicting infant outcomes and provides a valuable, noninvasive assessment tool.
Cross‐Link‐Dependent Ionogel‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators with Slippery and Antireflective Properties
Authors: Wu Yinghong , Cuthbert Tyler J. , Luo Yang , Chu Paul K. , Menon Carlo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven the ability to convert various ambient unused mechanical energies into useful electricity, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are gaining interest since their inception. Recently, ionogel‐based TENGs (I‐TENGs) have attracted increasing attention because of their excellent thermal stability and adjustable ionic conductivity. However, previous studies on ionogels mainly pursued the device performance or applications under harsh conditions, whereas few have investigated the structure–property relationships of components to performance. The results indicate that the ionogel formulation—composed of a crosslinking monomer with an ionic liquid—affects the conductivity of the ionogel by modulating the cross‐link density. In addition, the ratio of cross‐linker to ionic liquid is important to ensure the formation of efficient charge channels, yet increasing ionic liquid content delivers diminishing returns. The ionogels are then used in I‐TENGs to harvest water droplet energy and the performance is correlated to the ionogels structure–property relationships. Improvement of the energy harvesting is further explored by the introduction of surface polymer brushes on I‐TENGs via a facile and universal method, which enhances droplet sliding by means of ideal surface contact angle hysteresis and improves its anti‐reflective properties by employing the I‐TENG as a surface covering for solar cells.
Achieving Extreme Pressure Resistance to Liquids on a Super‐Omniphobic Surface with Armored Reentrants
Authors: Sun Pengcheng , Jin Yuankai , Yin Yingying , Wu Chenyang , Song Chuanhui , Feng Yawei , Zhou Peiyang , Qin Xuezhi , Niu Yusheng , Liu Qiankai , Zhang Jie , Wang Zuankai , Hao Xiuqing 
Published: March 2023

AbstractStatic repellency and pressure resistance to liquids are essential for high‐performance super‐omniphobic surfaces. However, these two merits appear mutually exclusive in conventional designs because of their conflicting structural demands: Static liquid repellency necessitates minimal solid–liquid contact, which in turn inevitably undercuts the surface's ability to resist liquid invasion exerted by the elevated pressure. Here, inspired by the Springtail, these two merits can be simultaneously realized by structuring surfaces at two size scales, with a micrometric reentrant structure providing static liquid repellency and a nanometric reentrant structure providing pressure resistance, which dexterously avoids the dilemma of their structural conflicts. The nanometric reentrants are densely packed on the micrometric ones, serving as “armor” that prevents liquids invasion by generating multilevel energy barriers, thus naming the surface as the armored reentrants (AR) surface. The AR surface could repel liquids with very low surface tensions, such as silicone oil (21 mN m−1), and simultaneously resist great pressure from the liquids, exemplified by enduring the impact of low‐surface‐tension liquids under a high weber number (>400), the highest‐pressure resistance ever reported. With its scalable fabrication and enhanced performance, our design could extend the application scope of liquid‐repellent surfaces toward ultimate industrial settings.
Effect of organic and inorganic manganese supplementation on performance and eggshell quality in aged laying hens
Authors: Zarghi Heydar , Hassanabadi Ahmad , Barzegar Nafise 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundManganese (Mn) is an important trace element for laying hen's nutrition, which is required in small amounts in the diet. Its deficiency results in lowered production performance and eggshell quality.ObjectivesThis experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different sources and levels of Mn on egg production performance and eggshell quality in aged laying hens.MethodsA total of 720, 83‐week‐old Hy‐Line W‐36 laying hens were fed a non‐Mn supplemented basal diet for 4‐week (to ime Mn‐exhaustion of body) and then were allocated to a completely randomized design with 10 treatments, six replicates and 12 birds each. Concentration of Mn in the non‐Mn supplemented basal diet was 10.34 mg/kg (treatment 1), the added doses of dietary Mn were included 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg of three different sources (Mn‐oxide, Mn‐sulphate, and Mn‐organic) for treatments 2‐10, respectively. The experiment lasted for 12 week.ResultsDietary supplementation with either organic or inorganic Mn sources significantly enhanced egg production (EP), egg mass (EM), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and relative eggshell weight (RESW) compared with the non‐Mn supplemented diet. However, the experimental diets did not influence feed intake (FI), egg weight, and other eggshell quality traits. Based on the broken line regression models, the performance traits were optimized at 30–40 mg/kg Mn concentration when supplemented by Mn‐sulphate or Mn‐organic. Although, it was 80–90 mg/kg when supplemented by Mn‐oxide. The relative bio‐efficacy of inorganic Mn sources include Mn‐oxide and Mn‐sulphate in compare with Mn‐organic were estimated 45% and 87% (for EP trait), 30% and 94% (for EM trait), 36% and 99% (for FCR trait), and 37% and 78% (for RESW trait), respectively.ConclusionsIn the aged laying hens, Mn requirement is higher than the NRC's recommendation. Sulphate and organic sources of Mn are more effective than Mn‐oxide.
Islands in the fluid: islands are common in cosmology
Authors: Ben-Dayan Ido , Hadad Merav , Wildenhain Elizabeth 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We discuss the possibility of entanglement islands in cosmological spacetimes with a general perfect fluid with an equation of state w. We find that flat universes with time-symmetric slices where the Hubble parameter vanishes always have islands on that slice. We then move away from such slices, considering still universes with a general perfect fluid. Under the local thermal equilibrium assumption, the comoving entropy density sc is constant. As a result, the conditions for an island become an inequality between the energy density (or Hubble parameter) and the temperature at some time of normalization. The consequences are that islands can exist for practically all fluids that are not radiation, i.e. w ≠ 1/3. We also discuss the ramifications of our results for universes with spatial curvature. Finally, we show that islands occur in the Simple Harmonic Universe model which has no classical singularity at the background level, in contrast to all previous examples where islands occurred only in space-times with singularities.
Closed string theory without level-matching at the free level
Authors: Erbin Harold , Médevielle Maxime 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In its traditional form, the string field in closed string field theory is constrained by the level-matching condition, which is imposed beside the action. By analogy with the similar problem for the Ramond sector, it was understood by Okawa and Sakaguchi how to lift this condition and work with unconstrained field by introducing spurious free fields. These authors also pointed out that new backgrounds may exist thanks to a new gauge field which is trivial on flat space, but can generate fluxes on a toroidal background. In this paper, we perform a complete study of the free theory at the tachyonic and massless levels with the aim of setting the stage for studying backgrounds without level-matching.
(Anti-)Stokes scattering on kinks
Authors: Evslin Jarah , Liu Hui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
At leading order, there are three inelastic scattering processes beginning with a quantum kink and a fundamental meson. Meson multiplication, in which the final state is a kink and two mesons, was treated recently. In this note we treat the other two, (anti)-Stokes scattering, in which the kink’s shape mode is (de-)excited and the final state contains one meson. In the case of a general scalar kink, we find analytic formulas for the forward and backward scattering amplitudes and probabilities as functions of the momentum of the incident meson. The general results are then specialized to the kink of the ϕ4 double-well model.
Separable Cowreaths Over Clifford Algebras
Authors: Menini Claudia , Torrecillas Blas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe fundamental notion of separability for commutative algebras was interpreted in categorical setting where also the stronger notion of heavily separability was introduced. These notions were extended to (co)algebras in monoidal categories, in particular to cowreaths. In this paper, we consider the cowreath $$ \left( A\otimes H_{4}^{op}, H_{4}, \psi \right) $$

A
⊗

H

4

op

,

H
4

,
ψ

, where $$H_{4}$$

H
4

is the Sweedler 4-dimensional Hopf algebra over a field k and $$A=Cl(\alpha , \beta , \gamma )$$

A
=
C
l
(
α
,
β
,
γ
)

is the Clifford algebra generated by two elements G, X with relations $$G^{2}=\alpha $$

G
2

=
α

, $$X^{2}=\beta $$

X
2

=
β

and $$XG+GX=\gamma $$

X
G
+
G
X
=
γ

, $$ (\alpha , \beta , \gamma \in k $$

(
α
,
β
,
γ
∈
k

) which becomes naturally an $$H_{4}$$

H
4

-comodule algebra. We show that, when $$\textrm{char}\left( k \right) \ne 2, $$

char

k

≠
2
,

this cowreath is always separable and h-separable as well.
Development of low content Ti-x%wt. Mg alloys by mechanical milling plus hot isostatic pressing
Authors: Carvajal Alex Humberto Restrepo , Ríos Jesús María , Zuleta Alejandro Alberto , Bolívar Francisco Javier , Castaño Juan Guillermo , Correa Esteban , Echeverria Félix , Lambrecht Mickaël , Lasanta María Isabel , Trujillo Francisco Javier Pérez 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Several authors have shown promising results using Ti and Mg to develop materials that combine the benefits of these two metals, such as their low density and absence of harmful second phases, which makes them attractive for aerospace and biomedical applications as well as for hydrogen storage. However, titanium and magnesium are almost immiscible and there are great differences in processing temperatures of these two metals. Within the techniques reported in the literature for obtaining Ti-Mg alloys, powder metallurgy and high-energy ball milling are possibly the most popular. In this work, Ti and Mg powders were mixed using a high-energy ball mill and subsequently these mixes were sintered by hot isostatic pressing (HIP), under various conditions, to obtain Ti-Mg alloys with Mg %wt. close to the limit of solubility (x < 2%wt.). The results showed the influence of the sintering parameters in the microstructure of the sintered material, which allowed us to obtain a Ti-Mg alloy instead of a composite material.
Der Übergabeprozess in der zentralen Notaufnahme – Konsentierung von Inhalten im Rahmen eines Delphi-Verfahrens
Authors: Gräff I. , Pin M. , Ehlers P. , Schacher S. , Hossfeld B. , Strametz R. , Matthes G. , Gries A. , Seidel M. 
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Ziel der Arbeit
Für die Übergabe in der Notaufnahme – der Nahtstelle von prähospitaler zu klinischer Versorgung – stellen Merkhilfen („mnemonics“) das „Rückgrat“ für eine strukturierte Übermittlung von relevanten Informationen dar. In Deutschland existiert bis zum heutigen Tag keine Standardisierung bzw. konkrete Vorgabe, welche Merkhilfe zur Übergabe genutzt werden soll. Die vorliegende Untersuchung definiert erstmalig anhand eines strukturierten und mehrstufigen Konsentierungsprozesses (Delphi-Verfahren) von Experten (Mandatsträgern), welche Übergabeinhalte für erforderlich gehalten werden. Ziel dabei ist die Schaffung einer Grundlage zur Entwicklung einer bundeseinheitlichen Merkhilfe.

Methodik
Durchgeführt wurde ein Delphi-Verfahren, welches sich an den Regularien der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der wissenschaftlichen medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF) orientiert.

Ergebnisse
Im Rahmen des durchgeführten Delphi-Verfahrens konnte neben konkreten Inhalten der Merkhilfe auch deren Reihenfolge festgelegt werden. Übergabeinhalte wurden zu den Punkten Crew Resource Management (CRM) und Patientenidentifikation, Beschreibung der Notfallsituation, Notfallpriorität (ABCDE-Schema) und Vitalparameter, durchgeführte Maßnahmen, Anamnese, Zusammenfassung mit der Möglichkeit für Rückfragen durch das übernehmende Team sowie Zeitdauer definiert.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der Arbeit bilden die evidenzbasierte Grundlage für die Entwicklung einer konkreten Merkhilfe („mnemonic“). Weitere Untersuchungen sollten sich nach Entwicklung einer geeigneten Merkhilfe darauf fokussieren, diese im Rahmen einer (prä-)klinischen Anwendungsstudie auf Praxistauglichkeit zu testen. Gleichzeitig sollte ein entsprechendes Schulungskonzept ausgearbeitet werden. Langfristig wird als Ziel eine bundesweit einheitliche Einführung angestrebt.
Commutative Objects, Central Morphisms and Subtractors in Subtractive Categories
Authors: Shaumbwa Vaino Tuhafeni 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe give some characterizations of commutative objects in a subtractive category and central morphisms in a regular subtractive category. In particular, we show that commutative objects, i.e., internal unitary magmas, are the same as internal abelian groups in a subtractive category and that analogously, centrality has an alternative description in terms of so-called “subtractors” in a regular subtractive category.