bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric CuS1N4 as Axial Polarization Site Trigger Rapid Charge Transport Channels for Boosting Photosynthesis of Ammonia
Authors: Yan Xihang , Wu Yao , Guo Fangyu , Xiong Jun , Zhang Yi , Wang Liang , Dai Jiayu , Hao Gazi , Jiang Wei , Di Jun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEffective photogenerated charge transfer and utilization have been regarded as a critical factor for achieving highly efficient photosynthesis of ammonia. However, the lacks necessary driving force in many catalysts limit the directly charge transfer. In this work, Cu porphyrin‐based monoatomic layer (PML‐Cu) is modified on face‐centered cubic structured defective CdIn2S4 via solvothermal reaction, with a strong coupled interfacial Cu─S bond is constructed. Owing to the formation of axial CuS1N4 polarization site, the local interfacial asymmetric configuration can be created between CdIn2S4 and PML‐Cu to form a strong potential difference, inducing the rapid charge transport from CdIn2S4 to PML‐Cu via Cu─S bond. Meantime, the electron‐enriched CuS1N4 site is beneficial to the stabilization of *NHOH intermediate state, and then lowering the *NHO→*NHOH rate‐limiting step energy barrier. Benefiting from these features, the PML‐Cu/CdIn2S4 exhibit good NH3 generation rate of 1979.0 µmol g−1 h−1, with apparent quantum efficiency of 8.56% at 380 nm and 7.40% at 450 nm, respectively. This work provides an accessible pathway for designing interfacial asymmetric configuration with strong coupling to boost photocatalysis.
Polyproline‐Polyornithine Diblock Copolymers with Inherent Mitochondria Tropism
Authors: Pegoraro Camilla , Karpova Ekaterina , Qutbuddin Yusuf , Sanchis Esther Masiá , Dimitrijevs Pavels , Huck‐Iriart Cristián , Gavrilović Svetozar , Arsenyan Pavel , Schwille Petra , Felip‐León Carles , Duro‐Castano Aroa , Conejos‐Sanchez Inmaculada , Vicent María J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMitochondria play critical roles in regulating cell fate, with dysfunction correlating with the development of multiple diseases, emphasizing the need for engineered nanomedicines that cross biological barriers. Said nanomedicines often target fluctuating mitochondrial properties and/or present inefficient/insufficient cytosolic delivery (resulting in poor overall activity), while many require complex synthetic procedures involving targeting residues (hindering clinical translation). The synthesis/characterization of polypeptide‐based cell penetrating diblock copolymers of poly‐L‐ornithine (PLO) and polyproline (PLP) (PLOn‐PLPm, n:m ratio 1:3) are described as mitochondria‐targeting nanocarriers. Synthesis involves a simple two‐step methodology based on N‐carboxyanhydride ring‐opening polymerization, with the scale‐up optimization using a “design of experiments” approach. The molecular mechanisms behind targetability and therapeutic activity are investigated through physical/biological processes for diblock copolymers themselves or as targeting moieties in a poly‐L‐glutamic (PGA)‐based conjugate. Diblock copolymers prompt rapid cell entry via energy‐independent mechanisms and recognize mitochondria through the mitochondria‐specific phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). Stimuli‐driven conditions and mitochondria polarization dynamics, which decrease efficacy depending on disease type/stage, do not compromise diblock copolymer uptake/targetability. Diblock copolymers exhibit inherent concentration‐dependent anti‐tumorigenic activity at the mitochondrial level. The diblock copolymer conjugate possesses improved safety, significant cell penetration, and mitochondrial accumulation via cardiolipin recognition. These findings may support the development of efficient and safe mitochondrial‐targeting nanomedicines.
Advanced Polymeric Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy: Materials Engineering, Immunotherapeutic Mechanism and Clinical Translation
Authors: Jia Wencong , Wu Ye , Xie Yujie , Yu Meihua , Chen Yu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCancer immunotherapy, which leverages immune system components to treat malignancies, has emerged as a cornerstone of contemporary therapeutic strategies. Yet, critical concerns about the efficacy and safety of cancer immunotherapies remain formidable. Nanotechnology, especially polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), offers unparalleled flexibility in manipulation‐from the chemical composition and physical properties to the precision control of nanoassemblies. PNPs provide an optimal platform to amplify the potency and minimize systematic toxicity in a broad spectrum of immunotherapeutic modalities. In this comprehensive review, the basics of polymer chemistry, and state‐of‐the‐art designs of PNPs from a physicochemical standpoint for cancer immunotherapy, encompassing therapeutic cancer vaccines, in situ vaccination, adoptive T‐cell therapies, tumor‐infiltrating immune cell‐targeted therapies, therapeutic antibodies, and cytokine therapies are delineated. Each immunotherapy necessitates distinctively tailored design strategies in polymeric nanoplatforms. The extensive applications of PNPs, and investigation of their mechanisms of action for enhanced efficacy are particularly focused on. The safety profiles of PNPs and clinical research progress are discussed. Additionally, forthcoming developments and emergent trends of polymeric nano‐immunotherapeutics poised to transform cancer treatment paradigms into clinics are explored.
Distinct Transmission of Left‐ and Right‐Handed Magnon Modes in Compensated Ferrimagnet/Antiferromagnet Structures
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Weidi , Liu Chen , Chen Aitian , Zheng Dongxing , Yang Tao , Tang Meng , Fang Bin , Ma Yinchang , Shen Ka , Manchon Aurélien , Qiu Ziqiang , Zhang Xixiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe chirality of magnons, exhibiting left‐ and right‐handed polarizations analogous to the counterparts of spin‐up and spin‐down, has emerged as a promising paradigm for information processing. However, the potential of this paradigm is constrained by the controllable excitation and transmission of chiral magnons. Here, the magnon transmission is explored in the Gd3Fe5O12/NiO/Pt structures. It is demonstrated that both left‐ and right‐handed magnon modes, thermally generated in the compensated ferrimagnet Gd3Fe5O12, can efficiently propagate through the antiferromagnetic NiO layer. Remarkably, these modes undergo distinct decay processes in NiO, manifested by different evolutions of the spin diffusion length with temperature. This behavior can be explained by an exchange model rooted in the spin‐flop magnetic configuration between Gd3Fe5O12 and NiO, which establishes a chiral selection rule for magnon transmission. These findings offer significant fundamental insight into controlling chiral magnons, opening avenues for chirality‐based magnonics.
Sustainable Sensors Prepared by Environmentally Benign Means for Improving the Environmental Footprint of Wearable Electronics
Authors: Amoah Cephas , Mahmood Usmaan , Skene W. G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSustainable electronic devices offer the virtue of energy efficiency. However, their fabrication is often reliant on environmentally deleterious methods and materials that overshadow the environmental benefits the devices provide. Toward improving the overall environmental footprint of devices, stretchable and conductive substrates for enabling wearable electronics are fabricated predominately from both sustainable and biodegradable materials (chitosan and sorbitol) along with an environmental benign solvent: water. Indeed, the >95 wt.% of the stretchable and bendable sensor consists of sustainable and biodegradable materials. By blending a collectively self‐doped and water‐soluble conductive homopolymer during processing, stretchable films with a transverse resistance as low as 0.08 MΩ are obtained. Both the conductivity and mechanical properties of the films including elongation at break and Young's modulus are contingent on the chitosan molecular weight. The elongation at break of the films prepared from high molecular weight chitosan is upward of 200%, with the optical transmission of 60% above 500 nm, and minimal conductive hysteresis with stretching. Both the mechanical compliance and conductivity of the sustainable films are ideal for enabling wearing electronics. This is demonstrated by their use as strain sensors for tracking both human movement and phonation detection.
Divergent Hydroelementation of Unsaturated C−C Bonds Using 3d Transition Metal Based Catalysts
Authors: Chakraborty Gargi , Maity Soumitra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDivergent hydroelementation reactions offer a cost‐effective synthetic protocol to prepare two or more products starting from same set of reactant molecules by altering one or more reaction parameters. This strategy is quite helpful in functionalizing unsaturated C−C bonds into several value‐added chemical compounds by using various organic and metal‐based catalysts. In this regard, catalysts derived from 3d metals have come to the fore, providing an alternative to heavier transition metals and rare‐earth elements. In this review, we summarize and elucidate the recent developments of divergent hydroelementation of alkenes and alkynes using the first‐row transition metal complexes by categorizing them into three classes: (1) Catalyst and ligand‐controlled; (2) Reaction component‐controlled and (3) Substrate‐controlled. Given the importance of hydroelementation reactions, we hope this review will be helpful to the organic chemistry community.
Organophotocatalytic Site‐Selective Radical Deuteration at Sterically Hindered Benzylic Positions by Consecutive Hydrogen Atom Transfer
Authors: Qu Chuan‐Hua , Chen Shan‐Shan , Zhu Lin , Tang Yan , Zhang Si‐Si , Peng Hong‐Bo , Song Gui‐Ting 
Published: January 2025

AbstractSite‐selective C−H bond activation or exchange labeling with hydrogen isotope are of vital importance, in particular for high‐specific‐selectivity deuteration of pharmaceuticals. While catalytic approaches relying on closed‐shell manifolds have been well documented for efficient delivery of deuterium at sterically less hindered benzylic positions, complementary strategies target sterically bulky benzylic positions remain a long‐standing challenge. We herein disclose a mild, versatile approach to achieve efficient and selective radical deuteration by merging organophotoredox catalysis and bromine radical catalysis. This open‐shell strategy provides the unparalleled ability of the convergent unification of readily available quinoxalinones and para‐quinone methides (p‐QMs) and D2O through a simultaneous highly cross‐, regio‐, and chem‐selective radical coupling‐H/D exchange approach. Furthermore, the long‐standing challenge of the incorporation of deuterium to sterically bulky benzylic positions has been addressed through this approach.
Extreme Enhancement‐Mode Operation Accumulation Channel Hydrogen‐Terminated Diamond FETs with Vth < −6 V and High on‐Current
Authors: Qu Chunlin , Maini Isha , Guo Qing , Stacey Alastair , Moran David A. J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this work, a new Field Effect Transistor device concept based on hydrogen‐terminated diamond (H‐diamond) is demonstrated that operates in an Accumulation Channel rather than a Transfer Doping regime. The FET devices demonstrate both extreme enhancement‐mode operation and high on‐current with improved channel charge mobility compared to Transfer‐Doped equivalents. Electron‐beam evaporated Al2O3 is used on H‐diamond to suppress the Transfer Doping mechanism and produce an extremely high ungated channel resistance. A high‐quality H‐diamond surface with an unpinned Fermi level is crucially achieved, allowing for the formation of a high‐density hole accumulation layer by gating the entire device channel which is encapsulated in dual‐stacks of Al2O3. Completed devices with gate/channel length of 1 µm demonstrate record threshold voltage < −6 V with on‐current > 80 mA mm−1. Carrier density and mobility figures extracted by CV analysis indicate a high 2D charge density of ≈ 2 × 1012 cm−2 and increased hole mobility of 110 cm2 V−1 s−1 in comparison with more traditional Transfer‐Doped H‐diamond FETs. These results demonstrate the most negative threshold voltage yet reported for H‐diamond FETs and highlight a powerful new strategy to greatly improve carrier mobility and enable enhanced high power and high frequency diamond transistor performance.
Toward Higher Energy Density All‐Solid‐State Batteries by Production of Freestanding Thin Solid Sulfidic Electrolyte Membranes in a Roll‐to‐Roll Process
Authors: Rosner Maria , Cangaz Sahin , Dupuy Arthur , Hippauf Felix , Dörfler Susanne , Abendroth Thomas , Schumm Benjamin , Althues Holger , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (SSB) show great promise for the advancement of high‐energy batteries. To maximize the energy density, a key research interest lies in the development of ultrathin and highly conductive solid electrolyte (SE) layers. In this work, thin and flexible sulfide solid electrolyte membranes are fabricated and laminated onto a non‐woven fabric using a scalable and solvent‐free, continuous roll‐to‐roll process (DRYtraec). These membranes show significantly improved tensile strength compared to unsupported sheets, which facilitates cell assembly and allows a continuous component production using a single‐step calendering process. By tuning the thickness, densified membranes with thicknesses ranging from 40 to 160 µm are obtained after a compression step. The resulting SE membranes retain a high ionic conductivity (1.6 mS cm−1) at room temperature. An excellent rate capability is demonstrated in a SSB pouch cell with a Li2O–ZrO2‐coated LiNi0.9C0.05Mn0.05O2 cathode, a 55 µm thin SE membrane, and a columnar silicon anode fabricated by a scalable physical vapor deposition process. At stack level, a promising energy density of 673 Wh L−1 (and specific energy of 247 Wh kg−1) is achieved, showcasing the potential for high energy densities by reducing the SE membrane thickness while retaining good mechanical properties.
Metaverse technologies in acute care medical education: A scoping review
Authors: Lau Justine , Dunn Nicholas , Qu Marianna , Preyra Rebecca , Chan Teresa M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of the metaverse is a virtual world that immerses users, allowing them to interact with the digital environment. Due to metaverse's utility in collaborative and immersive simulation, it can be advantageous for medical education in high‐stakes care settings such as emergency, critical, and acute care. Consequently, there has been a growth in educational metaverse use, which has yet to be characterized alongside other simulation modalities literature. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of all research describing metaverse use in education for emergency, critical, and acute care.MethodsWe used Arksey and O'Malley's framework with the Levac et al. modifications to conduct a scoping review by searching these five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, Web of Science, and Education Source). The framework comprises six steps: (1) identifying the research question; (2) identifying relevant literature; (3) study selection; (4) data extraction; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting data; and (6) consultation with key informants. Relevant themes and trends were extracted and mapped for reporting.ResultsThe search yielded 8175 citations, which ultimately led to data extraction from 65 articles. Studies evaluated metaverse programs for the learning and assessment of both technical skills (management of code blue, sepsis, stroke, etc.) and nontechnical skills (e.g., interprofessional collaboration, communication, critical decision making). Barriers to metaverse implementation include technical challenges and difficulty evaluating educational effectiveness.ConclusionsThe results of this scoping review highlight the current applications of metaverse as an educational tool, its identified strengths and weaknesses, and further comparison between metaverse and other educational modalities such as high‐fidelity simulation. This work provides direction for future primary and secondary research that can aid educational programmers and curriculum planners in maximizing metaverse potential in emergency, critical, and acute medical education.
Inpatient Hospitalizations for COVID‐19 Among Patients With Prader–Willi Syndrome: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
Authors: Luccarelli James , Strong Theresa V. , Rubin Emily B. , McCoy Thomas H. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder associated with baseline respiratory impairment caused by multiple contributing etiologies. While this may be expected to increase the risk of severe COVID‐19 infections in PWS patients, survey studies have suggested paradoxically low disease severity. To better characterize the course of COVID‐19 infection in patients with PWS, this study analyses the outcomes of hospitalizations for COVID‐19 among patients with and without PWS. The National Inpatient Sample, an all‐payors administrative claims database of hospitalizations in the United States, was queried for patients with a coded diagnosis COVID‐19 in 2020 and 2021. Hospitalizations for patients with PWS compared to those for patients without PWS using Augmented Inverse Propensity Weighting (AIPW). There were 295 (95% CI: 228–362) COVID‐19 hospitalizations for individuals with PWS and 4,112,400 (95% CI: 4,051,497–4,173,303) for individuals without PWS. PWS patients had a median age of 33 years compared to 63 for those without PWS. Individuals with PWS had higher baseline rates of obesity (47.5% vs. 28.4%). AIPW models show that PWS diagnosis is associated with increased hospital length of stay by 7.43 days, hospital charges by $80,126, and the odds of mechanical ventilation and in‐hospital death (odds ratios of 1.79 and 1.67, respectively). PWS patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 experienced longer hospital stays, higher charges, and increased risk of mechanical ventilation and death. These results suggest that PWS should be considered a risk factor for severe COVID‐19, warranting continued protective measures and vaccination efforts. Further research is needed to validate coding for PWS and assess the impact of evolving COVID‐19 variants and population immunity on this vulnerable population.
Chloride Residues in RuO2 Catalysts Enhance Its Stability and Efficiency for Acidic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Jiadong , Qi Menghui , Yang Yun , Xiao Xiaofen , Li Ying , Jin Huile , Wang Yong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) is a benchmark electrocatalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE), but its stability during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is often compromised by lattice oxygen involvement and metal dissolution. Despite that the typical synthesis of RuO2 produces chloride residues, the underlying function of chloride have not well investigated. In this study, we synthesized chlorine‐containing RuO2 (RuO2‐Cl) and pure RuO2 catalysts with similar morphology and crystallinity. RuO2‐Cl demonstrated superior stability, three times greater than that of pure RuO2, and a lower overpotential of 176 mV at 10 mA cm−2. Furthermore, the RuO2‐Cl catalysts that were in situ synthesized on a platinum‐coated titanium felt could maintain high performance for up to 1200 hours at 100 mA cm−2. Computational and experimental analyses show that chloride stabilizes RuO2 by substituting the bridging oxygen atoms, which subsequently inhibits lattice oxygen evolution and Ru demetallation. Notably, this substitution also lowers the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step by strengthening the binding of *OOH intermediates. These findings offer new insights into the previously unknown role of chloride residues and how to improve RuO2 stability.
Gas‐Releasing Polymer Tubesomes: Boosting Gas Delivery of Nanovehicles via Membrane Stretching
Authors: Yang Cuiqin , Zhang Yulian , Xu Miaomiao , Li Jianfeng , Yan Qiang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the three gas signaling molecules, not only plays a vital role in mediating a series of cellular activities but also manifests exciting applications in clinical therapy. However, one main obstacle in using H2S as a gaseous therapeutic agent is to realize on‐demand storage and delivery of gas, and thus, it is of great importance to develop H2S‐donating vehicle platforms. Although a variety of polymer‐based gas‐releasing carriers have been designed, almost all the systems are limited to spherical structures. Here we explore the role of polymer self‐assembled morphologies, especially toward those non‐spherical nanostructures, on the H2S release capacity. A kind of tubular polymersomes (i.e. tubesomes), formed by the membrane stretching of polythionoester‐containing block copolymer vesicles, exhibit enhanced cysteine‐responsive H2S‐releasing behavior in contrast to their spherical counterparts. Moreover, we found that the amount and rate of H2S release from diverse polymersomes is relied on the extent of membrane elongation, which allows us to regulate the gas releasing kinetics through tailoring the membrane geometries. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the tubesomes as polymer‐type H2S donors have better anticancer performance than those spherical polymersomes. This would inspire new possibilities to boost gas therapeutic efficacy through shaping the morphology of gas nanovehicles.
Regulation of TADF by Internal and External Heavy Atom Effect in D‐A MOF for Heterocrystal based Temperature‐Compensated Photonic Device
Authors: Zhang Bo , Li Chang‐Tai , Wang Han‐Yu , Fang Han , Feng Rui , Yu Mei‐Hui , Li Wei , Chang Ze , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe application of temperature‐compensated photonic device is hampered by poor accuracy and overly simplistic functions of propagation in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) field. Herein, we report a new library of donor‐acceptor metal–organic framework (D−A MOF) with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and the fabricating of temperature‐compensated photonic device by virtue of the unique temperature response character of TADF emitters. Highly tunable through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) of TADF was realized within the D−A MOFs through a novel strategy that synergistically combines the internal heavy atom effect (HAE) with an external HAE, induced by the incorporation of heavy atoms into different components, achieving the regulable photophysical indicators including adjustable PL wavelength (534 to 592 nm) and surging quantum yield (5.02 %–47.39 %). Further investigation of the impact of external HAE on TADF was conducted through crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface plots of four D−A regimes featuring substituent‐based linkers. Notably, temperature‐compensated photonic device based on heterocrystal was fabricated through integrating D−A MOFs with contrary temperature response. The emission signal output of the heterojunction remained nearly stable in 215 K to 295 K range, highlighting the promising potential application of TADF D−A MOF featuring sensitive temperature response in PICs field.