bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment for large-core ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled clinical trials
Authors: Palaiodimou Lina , Sarraj Amrou , Safouris Apostolos , Magoufis Georgios , Lemmens Robin , Sandset Else Charlotte , Turc Guillaume , Psychogios Marios , Tsivgoulis Georgios 
Published: July 2023

Background and purposeCurrent guidelines recommend endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), due to large-vessel occlusion and an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of ≥6. High-quality evidence resulting from randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs) regarding EVT among large-core AIS has recently become available, justifying an updated meta-analysis aiming to evaluate efficacy and safety of EVT in this clinical setting.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis including all available RCTs that compared EVT in addition to best medical treatment (BMT) versus BMT alone for large-core AIS (defined by ASPECTS 2–5 or volumetric methods). The primary outcome was reduced disability at 3 months (≥1-point reduction across all Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) grades). Secondary outcomes included independent ambulation at 3 months (mRS score 0–3), good functional outcome at 3 months (mRS score 0–2), excellent functional outcome at 3 months (mRS score 0–1), symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (sICH) and any intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and mortality at 3 months. The random-effects model was used.ResultsFour RCTs were included comprising a total of 662 patients treated with EVT vs 649 patients treated with BMT. Compared with BMT, EVT was significantly associated with reduced disability (common OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.07; I2=0%), independent ambulation (risk ratio (RR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.33 to 2.14; I2=39%) and good functional outcome (RR 2.33, 95% CI 1.76 to 3.10; I2=0%), but not with excellent functional outcome (RR 1.46, 95% CI 0.91 to 2.33; I2=39%) at 3 months. Although rates of sICH (RR 1.98, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.68; I2=0%) and any ICH (RR 2.13, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.66; I2=37%) were higher in the EVT group, 3-month mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.15; I2=0%) did not differ between the two groups.ConclusionEVT appears to be effective and safe and may be considered for the treatment of large-core AIS, as assessed by ASPECTS of 2–5 or volumetric methods.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022334417.
Sentiment analysis of pain physician reviews on Healthgrades: a physician review website
Authors: Cheng Christopher P , Owusu Tony , Shekane Paul , Patel Alopi M 
Published: July 2023

Introduction
There are currently no published studies using patient reviews of pain physicians to quantitatively assess patient preferences for pain physician attributes. The aim of the present study was to use natural language processing to quantitatively analyze patient reviews of pain physicians by determining the effect of physician demographics and word frequency on positive review outcomes.

Methods
Using a peer-reviewed algorithm, online Healthgrades reviews of pain physicians practicing in the USA were scored according to their positive sentiment from −1 to 1. These sentiment scores and star ratings were used to compare physicians by age, gender and region of practice. Frequency analysis of words and bigrams was performed for all reviews.

Results
There were 15 101 reviews collected among 1275 pain physicians which showed male physicians received higher star ratings and review sentiment scores than female physicians. Pain physicians younger than 55 years received higher star ratings and sentiment scores than those of 55 years and older. Frequency analysis revealed that words most commonly used in the more positive patient reviews included ‘care’, ‘professional’, ‘patient’, ‘help’ and ‘kind’; the words most commonly used in less positive reviews included ‘pain’, ‘back’, ‘office’, ‘time’ and ‘years’.

Conclusions
Male and/or younger pain physicians receive more positive reviews. Patients highly rate pain physicians who are perceived as personable. Patients lowly rate physicians who are perceived as providing ineffective treatment of their pain as well as when they experience barriers to their access to care.
Local anesthetic dosing and toxicity of adult truncal catheters: a narrative review of published practice
Authors: Bungart Brittani , Joudeh Lana , Fettiplace Michael 
Published: July 2023

Background/importanceAnesthesiologists frequently use truncal catheters for postoperative pain control but with limited characterization of dosing and toxicity.ObjectiveWe reviewed the published literature to characterize local anesthetic dosing and toxicity of paravertebral and transversus abdominis plane catheters in adults.Evidence reviewWe searched the literature for bupivacaine or ropivacaine infusions in the paravertebral or transversus abdominis space in humans dosed for 24 hours. We evaluated bolus dosing, infusion dosing and cumulative 24-hour dosing in adults. We also identified cases of local anesthetic systemic toxicity and toxic blood levels.FindingsFollowing screening, we extracted data from 121 and 108 papers for ropivacaine and bupivacaine respectively with a total of 6802 patients. For ropivacaine and bupivacaine, respectively, bolus dose was 1.4 mg/kg (95% CI 0.4 to 3.0, n=2978) and 1.0 mg/kg (95% CI 0.18 to 2.1, n=2724); infusion dose was 0.26 mg/kg/hour (95% CI 0.06 to 0.63, n=3579) and 0.2 mg/kg/hour (95% CI 0.06 to 0.5, n=3199); 24-hour dose was 7.75 mg/kg (95% CI 2.1 to 15.7, n=3579) and 6.0 mg/kg (95% CI 2.1 to 13.6, n=3223). Twenty-four hour doses exceeded the package insert recommended upper limit in 28% (range: 17%–40% based on maximum and minimum patient weights) of ropivacaine infusions and 51% (range: 45%–71%) of bupivacaine infusions. Toxicity occurred in 30 patients and was associated with high 24-hour dose, bilateral catheters, cardiac surgery, cytochrome P-450 inhibitors and hypoalbuminemia.ConclusionPractitioners frequently administer ropivacaine and bupivacaine above the package insert limits, at doses associated with toxicity. Patient safety would benefit from more specific recommendations to limit excessive dose and risk of toxicity.
Tree and 1-loop fundamental BCJ relations from soft theorems
Authors: Wei Fang-Stars , Zhou Kang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe provide a new derivation of the fundamental BCJ relation among double-color-ordered tree amplitudes of bi-adjoint scalar theory, based on the leading soft theorem for external scalars. Then, we generalize the fundamental BCJ relation to 1-loop Feynman integrands. We also use the fundamental BCJ relation to understand Adler’s zero for tree amplitudes of the nonlinear sigma model and Born–Infeld theory.
The Sixty-Year Trajectory of Homicide Clearance Rates: Toward a Better Understanding of the Great Decline
Authors: Cook Philip J. , Mancik Ashley 
Published: July 2023

In 1962, the FBI reported a national homicide clearance rate of 93%. That rate dropped 29 points by 1994. This Great Decline has been studied and accepted as a real phenomenon but remains mysterious, as does the period of relative stability that followed. The decline was shared across regions and all city sizes but differed greatly among categories defined by victim race and weapon type. Gun homicides with Black victims accounted for most of the decline. We review the evidence on several possible explanations for the national decline, including those pertaining to case mix, investigation resources, and citizen cooperation. Our preferred explanation includes an upward trend in the standard for arrest, with strong evidence that although clearance-by-arrest rates declined, the likelihood of conviction and prison sentence actually increased. That result has obvious implications for the history of policing practice and for the validity of the usual clearance rate as a police performance measure.
livro sonhado
Authors: Alves Fillipe 
Published: July 2023

O livro de Hanna Limulja é construído em diálogo direto com os Yanomami, uma etnografia rica e sensível que ressoa várias vozes afim de mostrar como os sonhos yanomami se constituem como uma forma de se relacionar com o mundo e com os que habitam este mundo. Mitos, ritos e as relações de parentesco são explorados sobre uma lente onírica que enriquecem debates consolidados.A obra se revela um convite ao leitor para pensar novos modos de sonhar e portanto de resistir e experienciar o mundo. Esse trabalho busca apresentar a relevância do livro e reforçar o convite feito pela autora para que possamos conhecer e aprender com os sonhos Yanomami.
Relationship Between Azithromycin and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Unvaccinated Patients With COVID‐19 and Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Bergami Maria , Manfrini Olivia , Nava Stefano , Caramori Gaetano , Yoon Jinsung , Badimon Lina , Cenko Edina , David Antonio , Demiri Ilir , Dorobantu Maria , Fabin Natalia , Gheorghe‐Fronea Oana , Jankovic Radmilo , Kedev Sasko , Ladjevic Nebojsa , Lasica Ratko , Loncar Goran , Mancuso Giuseppe , Mendieta Guiomar , Miličić Davor , Mjehović Petra , Pašalić Marijan , Petrović Milovan , Poposka Lidija , Scarpone Marialuisa , Stefanovic Milena , van der Schaar Mihaela , Vasiljevic Zorana , Vavlukis Marija , Vega Pittao Maria Laura , Vukomanovic Vladan , Zdravkovic Marija , Bugiardini Raffaele 
Published: July 2023

Background
Empiric antimicrobial therapy with azithromycin is highly used in patients admitted to the hospital with COVID‐19, despite prior research suggesting that azithromycin may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results

This study was conducted using data from the ISACS‐COVID‐19 (International Survey of Acute Coronavirus Syndromes‐COVID‐19) registry. Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were eligible for inclusion. The study included 793 patients exposed to azithromycin within 24 hours from hospital admission and 2141 patients who received only standard care. The primary exposure was cardiovascular disease (CVD). Main outcome measures were 30‐day mortality and acute heart failure (AHF). Among 2934 patients, 1066 (36.4%) had preexisting CVD. A total of 617 (21.0%) died, and 253 (8.6%) had AHF. Azithromycin therapy was consistently associated with an increased risk of AHF in patients with preexisting CVD (risk ratio [RR], 1.48 [95% CI, 1.06–2.06]). Receiving azithromycin versus standard care was not significantly associated with death (RR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.69–1.28]). By contrast, we found significantly reduced odds of death (RR, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.42–0.79]) and no significant increase in AHF (RR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.75–2.04]) in patients without prior CVD. The relative risks of death from the 2 subgroups were significantly different from each other (
P
interaction
=0.01). Statistically significant association was observed between AHF and death (odds ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.34–3.90]).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that azithromycin use in patients with COVID‐19 and prior history of CVD is significantly associated with an increased risk of AHF and all‐cause 30‐day mortality.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT05188612.
Baseline Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Disease Versus Stroke: Secondary Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcome Trials
Authors: Balasubramanian Priyadarshini , Kernan Walter N. , Sheth Kevin N. , Ofstad Anne Pernille , Rosenstock Julio , Wanner Christoph , Zinman Bernard , Mattheus Michaela , Marx Nikolaus , Inzucchi Silvio E. 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease are at increased risk for recurrent ischemic events. Cardiovascular risk factor control is vital for secondary prevention, but how this compares among individuals with different T2D macrovascular complications is unknown. We aimed to determine if there might be differences in risk factor control in patients with T2D with previous stroke versus coronary artery disease (CAD).

METHODS:
Cross-sectional analyses were performed on 12 856 patients with T2D with prior history of stroke with or without CAD from 3 diabetes cardiovascular outcome trials: CARMELINA (The Cardiovascular and Renal Microvascular Outcome Study With Linagliptin), EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients), and CAROLINA (The Cardiovascular Outcome Study of Linagliptin vs Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes). Risk factors at baseline assessed included dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, and current antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. Control, respectively, was defined as LDL (low-density lipoprotein)-C <100 mg/dL or statin use, systolic blood pressure <140 and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, not currently smoking, and use of an antiplatelet/anticoagulant medication. The odds ratio of 3 to 4 (or good) versus 0 to 2 (or suboptimal) risk factors controlled was analyzed by logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
The odds for good versus suboptimal risk factor control in patients with CAD alone was higher than in those with stroke alone across all 3 trials odds ratios (95% CI): CARMELINA, 2.05 (1.67–2.51), EMPA-REG OUTCOME, 2.50 (2.10–2.99), and CAROLINA, 1.63 (1.21–2.20). The respective odds ratios were lower (and rendered nonsignificant in CAROLINA) when cardiovascular risk factor control in patients with both CAD and stroke were compared with those with stroke alone: CARMELINA, 1.45 (1.13–1.87); EMPA-REG OUTCOME, 1.62 (1.25–2.08); and CAROLINA, 1.16 (0.74–1.83).

CONCLUSIONS:
In contemporary populations of patients with T2D, there was significant discordance in control of cardiovascular risk factors between patients with stroke versus CAD, with the former having less optimal control. The intermediate results in patients with both CAD and stroke suggest that these differences could be related at least in part to clinician factors.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT01243424, NCT01131676, NCT01897532.
Saving Animals?
Authors: Marais Nadia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
‘Saving’ language is often employed in relation to animals—both in conservation campaigns and in animal theology—and therefore the question as to how we speak about animal redemption is arguably of both rhetorical and theological importance. This article considers the rhetorical and hermeneutical dynamics of ‘redemption talk’ in the work of two animal theologians, Andrew Linzey and David Clough. Although language alone may not save animals, cultivating life-giving theological grammars that make for the flourishing of all living beings is arguably a slow and deep and important work that has the capacity to go the distance. Rhetoric could herein become a partner to ethical and practical work that shares the concern for the safety of and care for animals, as well as a resource that could shape how the redemption of animals could be imagined publicly. In short, this article seeks to demonstrate that how we speak about animal salvation matters.
Rooted Challenges: Palestinian Refugees’ Right to Work in Lebanon
Authors: Owda Majd , Abubadawia Raed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Since the Arab-Israeli War of 1948, the Palestinian refugees are still waiting to exercise their right of return, which was articulated in General Assembly Resolution 194 and approved by dozens of international resolutions. Despite the wait, Palestinian refugees continue to live in unsustainable conditions in many host countries. In these waiting stations, they are still deprived of many rights. Perhaps Lebanon is one of the most extreme waiting stations in depriving Palestinian refugees their rights, especially the right to work. Indeed, Palestinians are facing considerable obstacles to exercise their right to work in Lebanon because of policies and regulations enacted by the Lebanese government which limit this right. This paper attempts to identify the various Lebanese partisan and sectarian points of view that stand in the way of granting Palestinian refugees their right to work and the recent administrative attempts of the Lebanese government (2021) to grant them this right. In addition, it uncovers the legal and political obstacles faced by these attempts. This paper highlights the continued need of Palestinian refugees in Lebanon for various social, political and international actions to grant them their basic rights in order to preserve human dignity, which cannot be achieved without these rights.
Breaking Conventions
Authors: Auspos Patricia 
Published: July 2023

This rich history illuminates the lives and partnerships of five married couples – two British, three American – whose unions defied the conventions of their time and anticipated social changes that were to come in the ensuing century. In all five marriages, both husband and wife enjoyed thriving professional lives: a shocking circumstance at a time when wealthy white married women were not supposed to have careers, and career women were not supposed to marry.
Patricia Auspos examines what we can learn from the relationships of the Palmers, the Youngs, the Parsons, the Webbs, and the Mitchells, exploring the implications of their experiences for our understanding of the history of gender equality and of professional work. In expert and lucid fashion, Auspos draws out the interconnections between the institutions of marriage and professional life at a time when both were undergoing critical changes, by looking specifically at how a pioneering generation tried to combine the two.
Based on extensive archival research and drawing on mostly unpublished letters, journals, pocket diaries, poetry, and autobiographical writings, Breaking Conventions tells the intimate stories of five path-breaking marriages and the social dynamics they confronted and revealed. This book will appeal to scholars, students, and anyone interested in women’s studies, gender studies, masculinity studies, histories of women in the professions, and the history of marriage.
1. The Making of a Victorian Myth
Authors: Auspos Patricia 
Published: July 2023

Alice Freeman Palmer (1855-1902), one of the most influential forces in women’s education in late 19th-century America, became President of Wellesley College at the age of 27 in 1882. A beloved, charismatic leader, she raised the school’s academic standards and solidified its finances. She fell deeply in love with George Herbert Palmer (1842-1933), a professor of Moral Philosophy at Harvard University, but was reluctant to marry him because he insisted she would have to give up the Wellesley presidency. She finally agreed, and they married in 1887. Her public life did not end, however. After she spent several years as a paid lecturer, speaking all over the country on women’s education, she and George were both offered jobs at the newly founded University of Chicago in 1892. George refused to leave Harvard, but Alice continued to negotiate for herself. Overcoming George’s objections, Alice became the first dean of women at the University of Chicago in 1892. She went to Chicago for weeks at a time, leaving him in charge of their Cambridge household and the renovations of their new home, financed in part with her earnings. Alice loved her work, and George applauded her achievements. But he repeatedly pressured her to return home earlier than planned to ease his loneliness or deal with troublesome servants. After three years, she resigned from the deanship and stayed in Cambridge, where she devoted herself to George and a demanding mix of volunteer activities.
After Alice’s untimely death in 1902, George published a best-selling account of her life. His Life of Alice Freeman Palmer (1908) enshrined her in the public imagination as a domestic angel who happily gave up her career to marry the man she loved and fulfill her womanly destiny. As a result, she became a symbol of what a college-educated woman could accomplish before marriage, rather than an inspiration for women who wanted to combine marriage and career. The Palmers’ correspondence and the poems Alice wrote in secret tell a more complex, and more troubling, story of her work and marriage. They reveal how she struggled to maintain her independence and resist his efforts to protect and control her.
The Biomechanical Role of the Deltoid Ligament on Ankle Stability: Injury, Repair, and Augmentation
Authors: Brady Alex W. , Bryniarski Anna , Brown Justin R. , Waltz Robert , Stake Ingrid K. , Kreulen Christopher D. , Haytmanek C. Thomas , Clanton Thomas O. 
Published: July 2023

Background: Deltoid ligament injuries occur in isolation as well as with ankle fractures and other ligament injuries. Both operative treatment and nonoperative treatment are used, but debate on optimal treatment continues. Likewise, the best method of surgical repair of the deltoid ligament remains unclear. Purpose: To determine the biomechanical role of native anterior and posterior components of the deltoid ligament in ankle stability and to determine the efficacy of simple suture versus augmented repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten cadaveric ankles (mean age, 51 years; age range, 34-64 years; all male specimens) were mounted on a 6 degrees of freedom robotic arm. Each specimen underwent biomechanical testing in 8 states: (1) intact, (2) anterior deltoid cut, (3) anterior repair, (4) tibiocalcaneal augmentation, (5) deep anterior tibiotalar augmentation, (6) posterior deltoid cut, (7) posterior repair, and (8) complete deltoid cut. Testing consisted of anterior drawer, eversion, and external rotation (ER), each performed at neutral and 25° of plantarflexion. A 1-factor, random-intercepts, linear mixed-effect model was created, and all pairwise comparisons were made between testing states. Results: Cutting the anterior deltoid introduced ER (+2.1°; P = .009) and eversion laxity (+6.2° of eversion; P < .001) at 25 degrees of plantarflexion. Anterior deltoid repair restored native ER but not eversion. Tibiocalcaneal augmentation reduced eversion laxity, but tibiotalar augmentation provided no additional benefit. The posterior deltoid tear showed no increase in laxity. Complete tear introduced significant anterior translation, ER, and eversion laxity (+7.6 mm of anterior translation, +13.8° ER and +33.6° of eversion; P < .001). Conclusion: A complete deltoid tear caused severe instability of the ankle joint. Augmented anterior repair was sufficient to stabilize the complete tear, and no additional benefit was provided by posterior repair. For isolated anterior tear, repair with tibiocalcaneal augmentation was the optimal treatment. Clinical Relevance: Deltoid repair with augmentation may reduce or avoid the need for prolonged postoperative immobilization and encourage accelerated rehabilitation, preventing stiffness and promoting earlier return to preinjury activity.