bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative constraint‐based modelling of fruit development across species highlights nitrogen metabolism in the growth‐defence trade‐off
Authors: Colombié Sophie , Prigent Sylvain , Cassan Cédric , Hilbert‐Masson Ghislaine , Renaud Christel , Dell'Aversana Emilia , Carillo Petronia , Moing Annick , Beaumont Chloé , Beauvoit Bertrand , McCubbin Tim , Nielsen Lars Keld , Gibon Yves 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYAlthough primary metabolism is well conserved across species, it is useful to explore the specificity of its network to assess the extent to which some pathways may contribute to particular outcomes. Constraint‐based metabolic modelling is an established framework for predicting metabolic fluxes and phenotypes and helps to explore how the plant metabolic network delivers specific outcomes from temporal series. After describing the main physiological traits during fruit development, we confirmed the correlations between fruit relative growth rate (RGR), protein content and time to maturity. Then a constraint‐based method is applied to a panel of eight fruit species with a knowledge‐based metabolic model of heterotrophic cells describing a generic metabolic network of primary metabolism. The metabolic fluxes are estimated by constraining the model using a large set of metabolites and compounds quantified throughout fruit development. Multivariate analyses showed a clear common pattern of flux distribution during fruit development with differences between fast‐ and slow‐growing fruits. Only the latter fruits mobilise the tricarboxylic acid cycle in addition to glycolysis, leading to a higher rate of respiration. More surprisingly, to balance nitrogen, the model suggests, on the one hand, nitrogen uptake by nitrate reductase to support a high RGR at early stages of cucumber and, on the other hand, the accumulation of alkaloids during ripening of pepper and eggplant. Finally, building virtual fruits by combining 12 biomass compounds shows that the growth‐defence trade‐off is supported mainly by cell wall synthesis for fast‐growing fruits and by total polyphenols accumulation for slow‐growing fruits.
Powering up antifungal treatment: using small molecules to unlock the potential of existing therapies
Authors: Shapiro Rebecca S. , Gerstein Aleeza C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Fungal pathogens are increasingly appreciated as a significant infectious disease challenge. Compared to bacteria, fungal cells are more closely related to human cells, and few classes of antifungal drugs are available. Combination therapy offers a potential solution to reduce the likelihood of resistance acquisition and extend the lifespan of existing antifungals. There has been recent interest in combining first-line drugs with small-molecule adjuvants. In a recent article, Alabi et al. identified 1,4-benzodiazepines as promising molecules to enhance azole activity in pathogenic
Candida
spp. (P. E. Alabi, C. Gautier, T. P. Murphy, X. Gu, M. Lepas, V. Aimanianda, J. K. Sello, I. V. Ene, 2023, mBio
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00479-23
). These molecules have no antifungal activity on their own but exhibited significant potentiation of fluconazole in azole-susceptible and -resistant isolates. Additionally, the 1,4-benzodiazepines increased the fungicidal activity of azoles that are typically fungistatic to
Candida
spp., inhibited filamentation (a virulence-associated trait), and accordingly increased host survival in
Galleria mellonella
. This research thus provides another encouraging step on the critical pathway toward reducing mortality due to antimicrobial resistance.
Molecular characterisation of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera ellingtonae Handoo et al., 2012 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) from Bolivia
Authors: Subbotin Sergei A. , Sainz Claudia , Villarroel Carmen L. , Franco Javier 
Published: August 2023

Summary
In 2022, during potato cyst nematode surveys in several departments of Bolivia, the potato cyst nematode Globodera ellingtonae Handoo et al., 2012 was detected for the first time in Bolivia from potato fields located in the Department of Tarija. Cysts and second-stage juveniles of the Bolivian populations were morphologically and morphometrically similar to those of the USA (Oregon and Idaho) and Argentina. Nine new ITS rRNA, 15 COI, 13 cytb gene sequences of G. ellingtonae from ten Bolivian populations were obtained in this study. The phylogenetic analyses of the ITS rRNA and cytb genes showed that all Bolivian sequences clustered together and formed a major clade with other G. ellingtonae sequences from Argentina, Chile and the USA. Molecular results confirmed the hypothesis that the mountain region in southern Bolivia, northwest Argentina and northern Chile could be considered as an ancient centre of origin of G. ellingtonae. The present molecular results suggested that G. ellingtonae was likely introduced into the USA from Chile, rather than from Bolivia and Argentina.
The Effects of Auditory Working Memory Task on Situation Awareness in Complex Dynamic Environments: An Eye-movement Study
Authors: Xie Xudong , Li Tiantian , Xu Shuai , Yu Yingyue , Ma Yifeng , Liu Zhen , Ji Ming 
Published: August 2023

Objective This study investigated the effect of auditory working memory task on situation awareness (SA) and eye-movement patterns in complex dynamic environments. Background Many human errors in aviation are caused by a lack of SA, and distraction from auditory secondary tasks is a serious threat to SA. However, it remains unclear how auditory working memory tasks affect SA and eye-movement patterns. Method Participants (n = 28) were randomly allocated to two groups and received different periods of visual search training (short versus long). They subsequently completed a situation awareness measurement task in three auditory secondary task conditions (without secondary task, auditory calculation task, and auditory 2-back task). Eye-movement data were collected during the situation awareness measurement task. Results The auditory 2-back task significantly reduced overall SA, Level 1 SA, dwell times, and total percentage of fixation time on task-related areas of interests in the SA measurement task. Overall SA and Level 3 SA were not reduced by the auditory 2-back task in individuals in the longer visual search training time condition. Conclusion Auditory working memory load impairs SA in the perception and projection stage; however, greater experience can overcome impairment of SA in the projection stage. Application This study provided possible approaches to preventing loss of SA: (1) improving crew members’ communication skills to ensure the accurate and clear transmission of information, reducing the difficulty of processing information, and (2) providing targeted cognitive training tailored to each pilot’s level of experience.
Changes of stressful life events, coping strategies and mental health among youths in the pre- and post-coronavirus 2019 pandemic era: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ding Hexiao , Xu Ziruo , Hu Wangjing , Guo Yannan , Wang Cailing , Li Sicheng , Hui Zhengyang , Wang Jing , Peng Xinran , Xia Wei 
Published: August 2023

Background: In the pandemic era, stressful life events (StressLEv) aggravated the impact on mental health. However, youths exhibited different responses to StressLEv because of diverse coping strategies, social support, and emotional intelligence before and after the pandemic. Aims: To explore the changes in StressLEv and coping strategies before and after the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, as well as report the associations among mental health and related factors in a sample of Chinese youths experiencing the post-pandemic era. Method: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2022, covering 3,038 youths aged 14 to 25 in China. Multiple logistic regression was conducted for crude odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted ORs. The relationships between lasso-selected variables was examined using structural equation modeling. Results: More StressLEv and limited coping strategies were reported after the pandemic. In the post-pandemic era, BSI-positive youths (youths diagnosed as considered case by Brief Symptom Inventory, BSI) reported more StressLEv (BSI-positive: mean = 75.47; BSI-negative: mean = 28.69), less social support (BSI-positive: mean = 31.81; BSI-negative: mean = 39.22), and lower emotional intelligence (BSI-positive: mean = 75.34; BSI-negative: mean = 89.42). The willingness to engage in mental health counseling (OR: no vs. yes: 1.89; uncertain vs. yes: 4.42), being punished (OR: 1.27), adaptation problems (OR: 1.06), task-oriented coping (OR: 0.95), social diversion coping (OR: 0.90), objective support (OR: 0.90), utilization of social support (OR: 0.81), and regulation of emotion in oneself (OR: 0.94) were associated with mental health. Structural equation modeling supported our theoretical framework. Conclusions: Pandemic-induced mental health problems should not be ignored. The proposed response mechanisms could guide the development of effective interventions, which can help youths better cope with StressLEv and maintain good mental health.
Effects of thermal process conditions on crystallinity and mechanical properties in material extrusion additive manufacturing of discontinuous carbon fibre reinforced polyphenylene sulphide composites
Authors: Lyu Yahui , Wu Jiang , Zhang Haoqi , Brádaigh Conchúr M. Ó , Yang Dongmin 
Published: August 2023

This study investigates the thermal behaviour of discontinuous carbon fibre reinforced polyphenylene sulphide (CF/PPS), additively manufactured by material extrusion, with a focus on the effects of thermal process conditions on the degree of crystallinity, oxidation crosslinking and mechanical properties of CF/PPS from filament fabrication, material extrusion to annealing treatment. The screw extrusion parameters are optimised by performing a thermal analysis of the fabricated filaments. The effect of crosslinking reactions on the crystallinity process in determining the mechanical properties of the printed samples is illustrated by investigating the influence of the printing conditions. Furthermore, the effect of annealing treatment on the semi-crystalline polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) is studied by measuring the degree of crystallinity and viscoelasticity behaviours. Results demonstrate that the flexural properties of the printed CF/PPS composites at elevated processing temperatures are determined by the oxidation crosslinking between PPS chains. These enhance the crystallisation process of semi-crystalline polymers by acting as the nucleating agent first but negatively affect the mechanical properties at higher temperatures because of the detrimental effects of the polymer inter-chain bonding. The maximum flexural strength of printed CF/PPS reached 164.65 MPa when processing at an extrusion temperature of 280°C, a printing temperature of 320°C, and an annealing temperature of 130°C for 6 h. By adjusting the thermal treatment conditions, the degree of the crystallinity and the mechanical properties of the printed CF/PPS composites can be designed, controlled and tailored.
The low hemoglobin levels were associated with mortality in post-cardiotomy patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Shao Juanjuan , Shao Chengcheng , Wang Yan , Fu Hongfu , Li Jin , Hao Xing , Du Zhongtao , Li Chenglong , Wang Liangshan 
Published: August 2023

Background Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is used as a rescue strategy for patients with refractory post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCS). These patients often have varying degrees of reduced hemoglobin levels, and there are few detailed investigations about the impact of hemoglobin level on their mortality. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether hemoglobin levels at day 1 from VA-ECMO initiation were associated with in-hospital mortality. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of adult VA-ECMO patients over approximately a 2-year period. We divided patients into survival and death groups based on their clinical outcomes and compared the differences in parameters between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate whether hemoglobin level was related to the mortality. Results One hundred and sixteen patients were included in final analysis. There were 52 patients in the survival group and 64 in the death group. The patients were younger in the survival group than the death group (58 vs 63, p = .023). The median (IQR) hemoglobin level at day 1 was 80 (73−89) × g/L, and the median (IQR) RelΔ hemoglobin was 41% (32–48%). Survival patients had a higher hemoglobin level at day 1 and a lower RelΔ hemoglobin than the death patients (91 vs 76 g/L, p < .001; 35% vs 45%, p < .001). The multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that the low hemoglobin levels at day 1 were independently associated with in-hospital mortality (OR 0.808; 95% CI, 0.747–0.874; p < .001). The AUROC for hemoglobin level was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83–0.95) which was better than that of RelΔ hemoglobin (0.77, 95% CI, 0.68–0.86). Conclusions In patients receiving VA-ECMO for PCS, the low hemoglobin levels at day 1 were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
Adenoma Detection Rate in Average-Risk Population: An Observational Consecutive Retrospective Study
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Lv Xiangyin , Zhang Binbin , Ying Xiaoxuan , Hu Chiyu , Zhou Xiaoying , Hu Jianwen 
Published: August 2023

Background Although colonoscopy is considered the most effective tool for reducing colorectal cancer-related morbidity, the age at which average-risk individuals begin colonoscopic screening is undetermined. This study aimed to compare the adenoma and advanced adenoma detection rates according to age and sex in a large average-risk population in the rural areas of Eastern China. Methods This observational, single-center, retrospective study included patients with average colorectal cancer risk and examined the adenoma and advanced adenoma detection rates using age intervals of 5 years. We also compared the size and age of patients with and without advanced adenoma. Results We included 18 928 patients with a median age of 54 years (range 15–90 years), including 10 143 men and 8785 women. The adenoma and advanced adenoma detection rates were 17.08% and 5.24%, respectively, and increased with age in the whole population. The adenoma detection rates increased from 8.97% (aged 40–44) to 14.98% (aged 45–49) and 6.24% (aged 45–49) to 11.00% (aged 50–54) in men and women (both P < .001), respectively. The advanced adenoma detection rates increased from 2.19% (aged 40–44) to 4.76% (aged 45–49) and 1.89% (aged 45–49) to 3.13% (aged 50–54) in men ( P = .002) and women ( P = .056), respectively. Patients with advanced adenomas were significantly older than those with non-advanced adenomas ( P < .001). The tumors in the advanced adenoma group were significantly larger than those in the non-advanced adenoma group ( P < .001). Conclusion The adenoma and advanced adenoma detection rates increased significantly in average-risk population aged 45 years and older, especially in men.
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein in natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: An alternative to neurofilament light
Authors: Wessels Mark HJ , Van Lierop Zoë YGJ , Noteboom Samantha , Strijbis Eva MM , Heijst Johannes A , Van Kempen Zoé LE , Moraal Bastiaan , Barkhof Frederik , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Schoonheim Menno M , Killestein Joep , Teunissen Charlotte E 
Published: August 2023

Background: There is a need in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) treatment for biomarkers that monitor neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, treatment response, and disease progression despite treatment. Objective: To assess the value of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) as a biomarker for clinical disease progression and brain volume measurements in natalizumab-treated RRMS patients. Methods: sGFAP and neurofilament light (sNfL) were measured in an observational cohort of natalizumab-treated RRMS patients at baseline, +3, +12, and +24 months and at the last sample follow-up (median 5.17 years). sGFAP was compared between significant clinical progressors and non-progressors and related to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived volumes of the whole brain, ventricle, thalamus, and lesion. The relationship between sGFAP and sNfL was assessed. Results: A total of 88 patients were included, and 47.7% progressed. sGFAP levels at baseline were higher in patients with gadolinium enhancement (1.3-fold difference, p = 0.04) and decreased in 3 months of treatment (adj. p < 0.001). No association was found between longitudinal sGFAP levels and progressor status. sGFAP at baseline and 12 months was significantly associated with normalized ventricular (positively), thalamic (negatively), and lesion volumes (positively). Baseline and 12-month sGFAP predicted annualized ventricle volume change rate after 1 year of treatment. sGFAP correlated with sNfL at baseline ( p < 0.001) and last sample follow-up ( p < 0.001) but stabilized earlier. Discussion: sGFAP levels related to MRI markers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
The Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity (DANSDA) 1995–2011–2013: Study design, study participants, participation rate and underreporting
Authors: Graff Heidi J. , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Matthiessen Jeppe , Fagt Sisse 
Published: August 2023

Aim: This study describes the study design, study participants, participation rate and underreporting in the Danish National Surveys of Diet and Physical Activity (DANSDA) from 1995 to 2011–2013. Methods: DANSDA are government-funded surveys of food and nutrient intake, physical activity and lifestyle, undertaken to support nutritional policy, risk assessment and public health research. The surveys are cross-sectional based on primarily simple random samples (ages 1–80 years in 1995, 4–75 years in 2000–2013) drawn from the Danish Civil Registration System. Approximately 4800 individuals in 1995, 8200 in 2000–2002, 8400 in 2003–2008 and 7300 in 2011–2013 were invited to participate. Participants completed a seven-day food diary, a physical activity questionnaire (2000–2008), a step diary (2011–2013) and a face-to-face interview. Self-reported anthropometrics (1995–2013) were supplemented with device-based measures (2011–2013). Pedometers were included in 2011–2013. Results: The number of participants included per survey round was 3100-4400. Participant rates decreased from 66% (1995) to 54% (2011–2013). Non-participation was primarily refusal. Ages 18–30 years, 61–75 years (2000–2013), 61–80 years (1995) and low educated and individuals living alone were underrepresented. Underreporting of energy intake among adults ranged from 14% (1995) to 26% (2008). Conclusions: The methods in DANSDA have been developed to include device-based measures on physical activity and anthropometrics. This has improved the applicability of the results of the survey. The participation rate has fallen, which has affected sample representativity, and underreporting has increased. Future DANSDA surveys should explore and consider new initiatives to counteract non-response and underreporting, with the aim of enhancing data representativeness and applicability.
Understanding the experiences of people with dementia and their family carers participating in healthcare student dementia education: A mixed-methods evaluation from the time for dementia programme
Authors: Daley Stephanie , Hebditch Molly , Feeney Yvonne , Towson Georgia , Pooley Joanna , Pietersen Holly , Banerjee Sube 
Published: August 2023

Background There is increasing awareness of the potential for positive impacts on student learning from involving people with dementia and family carers within undergraduate teaching. However, research on the experience of people with dementia and their family carers is sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the satisfaction and views of families (people with dementia and their family carers) who volunteered in Time for Dementia (TFD); an educational programme where undergraduate healthcare students visit families at home over a 2-year period. Methods Families taking part in TFD completed a satisfaction survey after taking part in the programme ( n = 803). Frequencies of satisfaction survey items were summarised and multiple linear regression models for factors associated with total satisfaction scores were produced. Open text responses were analysed using thematic framework analysis as to the most favourable aspects of the programme and areas requiring improvement. Results Overall satisfaction was high for taking part in TFD, with a perception of contribution, and being of value. There was strong evidence that families enjoyed the experience and would recommend participation to others. Higher numbers of student visits were significantly associated with greater satisfaction. Families identified aspects of the programme that benefited them, with social interaction rating highly. Improvements suggested by the families included increased visit structure and organisational improvements. Conclusions This study has sought to evaluate at scale the satisfaction of families taking part in a dementia education programme. It is positive that families report high satisfaction in the programme and identify perceived value for themselves as well as students, suggesting reciprocal benefits. This study contributes to the broader understanding of what Experts by Experience value when taking part in educational interventions.
Exploring materialities in children’s games: Revisiting the Javanese philosophy of laku in seeking knowledge
Authors: Yuniasih Ririn 
Published: August 2023

The provision of early childhood education (ECE) in Indonesia, often focuses on the children’s learning experience and overlooks the complexity of the learning process in children's activities. Children’s games, for instance, are seen as a learning tool to achieve particular learning objectives and developmental tasks. Therefore, without negating children’s roles in the games, this article proposes a new way of understanding learning in the context of children’s games. A new materialist concept of intra-active pedagogy is applied to unpack the complexity of learning processes. The discussion in this article is looking at jamuran, a Javanese game involving embodied movements. This will include an analysis of a case study of a multi-age classroom with children aged six to 7 years old. By reading narratives of the game diffractively, new insights emerge in understanding learning as joining forces and continuous movements of game elements. Interestingly, these insights align with the Javanese philosophy of laku in seeking knowledge. The implication of this finding at the micro-political level is that more attention should be paid to the active role of materialities in a learning event. At the macro level of ECE policy in Indonesia, it encourages revisiting traditional philosophies from a new perspective like new materialism. This would also be expected to create a space for negotiating global-local intertwining views in looking at the learning process in ECE settings.