bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between professionalism and political engagement in foreign language teaching practice
Authors: Kramsch Claire 
Published: March 2023

In this paper, I reflect on a project I conducted at University of California Berkeley with four colleagues teaching Chinese, Hebrew, Italian and Japanese who decided to engage their students in some of the political controversies in which the native speakers of these languages are engaged in their respective countries. These four teachers are highly educated, experienced native speakers, and they are all professional non-senate members of the faculty. Following the students’ wishes they focused respectively on the following topics: racism against Asians in the US; the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; immigrant refugees to Italy from Muslim countries; and how to remember Hiroshima. Given the low level of language proficiency of their classes, the teachers’ common professional practice was to elicit and capitalize on their students’ emotional involvement. However, while the teachers engaged the learners emotionally into seeing these conflicts from the native speakers’ perspective, they were hampered by their very professional practice from delving into the complex political meanings of the events discussed. I reflect on the reasons for this seeming lack of translingual activism and what it means for foreign language teaching as professional and political practice.
Pembuktian Empiris dan Validasi Alternatif dalam Kajian Hadis Kontemporer
Authors: Akmaluddin Muhammad 
Published: March 2023

The discovery of various manuscripts, the offer of new theories, the paradigm shifts, the popularity of studies and so on have highlighted the journey of hadith studies from time to time. The study of hadith should continue to develop, by not detaching itself from the previous legacy (waṣl) and by not neglecting contextualization and dialogue with the development of other sciences (faṣl). By using a qualitative approach, literature review and content analysis, this paper examines the dialectic of thesis and antithesis of hadith studies with empirical research related to isnād and matn. In addition, this paper also gives an offer to use alternative validation to authenticate hadith. Archaeological studies, external evidence from non-Islamic sources, historical reports from non-Muslims and cons have also highlighted the studies carried out by revisionist and traditionalist schools. Alternative validation of hadith can be traced through alternative proof of isnād with i‘tibar al-asānīd on hadith that are considered as week, or through abstraction of hadith and living hadith which reflects the phenomena of texts which made concise and lived in society.

Penemuan berbagai manuskrip, tawaran teori baru, pergeseran paradigma, popularitas kajian dan lain sebagainya ikut mewarnai perjalanan kajian hadis dari waktu ke waktu. Kajian hadis harus tetap berkembang, dengan tidak melepaskan dirinya dari pijakan warisan terdahulu (waṣl) dan tidak mengabaikan kontekstualisasi dan dialog dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan lain (faṣl). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, kajian literatur dan analisis konten, makalah ini akan mengkaji tentang dialektika tesis dan antitesis kajian hadis dengan penelitian empiris yang berkaitan dengan isnād dan matn. Di samping itu, tulisan ini juga memberikan tawaran untuk menggunakan validasi alternatif terhadap otentikasi suatu hadis. Kajian arkeologis, pembuktian eksternal dari sumber-sumber non-Islam, laporan historis dari non-Muslim dan kontra ikut mewarnai kajian yang dilakukan aliran revisionis dan tradisionalis. Validasi alternatif hadis dapat melalui pembuktian alternatif isnād dengan i‘tibar al-asānīd atas hadis-hadis yang dianggap daif, serta abstraksi hadis dan living hadis yang merupakan fenomena teks yang dibuat ringkas dan hidup di dalam masyarakat.
Diskursus Hadis dalam Perspektif Kaum Tua dan Kaum Muda di Indonesia
Authors: Rozian Karnedi  
Published: March 2023

Abstract: The article sheds light the discourse of ḥadīth in the horizon of the mid-twentieth century reformist (kaum muda) and traditionalist (kaum tua) Muslim. It aims to analyze debates and different stances concerning with the use of the ḥadīth and the epistemic view behind their conception of ḥadīth. The study approaches with the basic theories of muṣṭalāḥ al-ḥadīth and the sociology of knowledge of Karl Mannheim. The research data were processed through descriptive-comparative and critical-analysis. It then argues that there are two different characteristics between the reformist and the traditionalist in the use of ḥadīth. First, the reformist used to have a systematic study based on the Qur’an and ḥadīth directly, while the traditionalist used to bring the idiomatic (‘ibārah) method. Second, in deducing law (istinbāṭ al-aḥkām), the reformist restrict only on the boundary of the authentic ḥadīth. Meanwhile, besides using authentic ḥadīth, the traditionalist also accept the unsound ḥadīth for the sake of the venture of goodness (faḍā’il al-a‘māl) with certain conditions. These differences are not only caused by methodological enterprise and scientific genealogy, but also sociological consideration which leads to the contestation (conflict of thought) between the two of them regarding the issue of taqlīd, ijtihād, ittibā‘, bid‘ah and religious traditions.

Abstrak: Artikel ini menyoroti wacana hadis dalam cakrawala Muslim reformis (kaum muda) dan tradisionalis (kaum tua) pada pertengahan abad ke-20. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perdebatan dan perbedaan pendapat tentang penggunaan hadis dan landasan epistemik di balik konsepsi mereka tentang hadis. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan keilmuan hadis dan sosiologi ilmu pengetahuan Karl Mannheim. Data penelitian diolah dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-komparatif dan analisis kritis. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa ada dua karakteristik yang berbeda antara kelompok kaum muda dan kaum tua dalam penggunaan hadis. Pertama, kaum muda umumnya memiliki kajian sistematis yang bersumber langsung dari al-Qur’an dan hadis, sedangkan kaum tua seringkali menggunakan pendekatan idiomatik (‘ibārah). Kedua, dalam menarik kesimpulan hukum (istinbāṭ al-aḥkām), kaum muda membatasi hanya pada hadis yang sahih. Sementara itu, kaum tua, selain menggunakan hadis sahih, juga menerima hadis-hadis ahad, atau bahkan daif, untuk kepentingan amal kebaikan (faḍā’il al-a‘māl), namun dengan syarat-syarat tertentu. Perbedaan tersebut tidak hanya disebabkan oleh kerangka metodologis dan latar genealogi keilmuan, namun juga pertimbangan sosiologis, yang berujung pada kontestasi (konflik pemikiran) terhadap persoalan-persoalan khilafiyah seperti taklid, ijtihad, ittibā‘, bidah dan tradisi keagamaan.
TheMS= 7.3 1992 Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake: 1. Constraints on fault geometry and source parameters based on aftershocks and body-wave modeling
Authors: Mellors R. J. , Vernon F. L. , Pavlis G. L. , Abers G. A. , Hamburger M. W. , Ghose S. , Iliasov B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe investigated the Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake of 19 August 1992, using aftershock data, teleseismic body-wave modeling, and field observations. Aftershocks were recorded by the IRIS Kyrgyzstan broadband network, a temporary six-station aftershock network, and a regional network operated by the Kyrgyz Institute of Seismology. The aftershocks, which range in depth from the surface to 18 km, defined a 50 ± 10-km-long rupture zone that dips 50° ± 13° to the south and strikes roughly east-west. The base of the eastern end of the aftershock zone shallowed to the east along strike and may represent a lateral ramp. The surface ruptures also had an east-west strike and dipped south, but the total length (less than 4 km) was much shorter than the aftershock zone. A teleseismic body-wave inversion, using a point source and a directivity correction, yields a focal mechanism with a strike of 221°, dip of 46°, and a slip of 43°. We obtained a moment of 4.1 × 1019 N-m with a centroid depth between 5 and 21 km. The rupture propagated along an azimuth of 330° ± 60°, which matches the relative location of the mainshock with respect to the aftershock zone. The results of the aftershock study and teleseismic inversion yield a clear picture of the fault geometry of a large-thrust earthquake.
TheMS= 7.3 1992 Suusamyr, Kyrgyzstan, earthquake in the tien shan: 2. Aftershock focal mechanisms and surface deformation
Authors: Ghose Sujoy , Mellors Robert J. , Korjenkov Andrei M. , Hamburger Michael W. , Pavlis Terry L. , Pavlis Gary L. , Omuraliev Mederbek , Mamyrov Ernes , Muraliev A. R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe MS = 7.3 Suusamyr earthquake of 19 August 1992 was a large, thrust-type earthquake in the northern Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan, an intracontinental mountain belt in central Asia. Focal mechanisms of both the mainshock and 13 moderate-sized aftershocks are consistent with a seismotectonic setting that is dominated by NNW-SSE horizontal compression, which manifests itself in reverse faulting along roughly east-west trending, steeply dipping fault planes. The earthquake produced surface faulting at two widely separated locations, along two different fault segments, the total length of which was less than 4 km. Detailed measurements at one of the locations indicate a net slip of at least 4.2 ± 0.4 m. A wide variety of secondary surface effects was observed in the macroseismic zone that extended over an area of 2500 km2. The lack of extensive surface rupture from such a large event can be explained by a combination of (1) redistribution of the net slip at depth among the secondary splays that branches out from the main fault near the surface and (2) variable surface slip over the fault length. The active deformation associated with this event documents a structural style that involves steeply dipping, reverse faults extending from mid-crustal depths to the surface at nearly uniform dip, accommodating crustal shortening in the interior of the Tien Shan.
Seismic energy and stress-drop parameters for a composite source model
Authors: Anderson John G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines relationships among radiated energy and several stress-drop parameters that are used to describe earthquake faulting. This is done in the context of a composite source model that has been quite successful in its ability to reproduce statistical characteristics of strong-motion accelerograms. The main feature of the composite source model is a superposition of subevents with a fractal distribution of sizes, but all with the same subevent stress drop (Δσd) that is independent of the static stress drop (Δσs). In the model, Δσd is intended to represent the effective dynamic stress, and it does this well when Δσd &gt; 2Δσs. The radiated energy in the S wave is ECSS = 0.233 CE (Δσd/μ) M0, where M0 is the seismic moment of the earthquake, μ is shear modulus, and CE is a dimensionless parameter that equals unity when Δσd &gt; 2Δσs. The apparent stress (σa) is σa = 0.243 CE Δσd. The effective stress is σe ≈ 0.44CE Δσd. The Orowan stress drop (Δσo) is Δσo = 0.486 Δσd. The root-mean-square (rms) stress drop (Δσrms) is Δσrms = ΔσdI1/2θM0/Mos(Rmax)1/2 (fc/fo)1/2, where f0 is corner frequency of the earthquake, Mos (Rmax) and fc are the moment and corner frequency of the largest subevent, and I1/2θ is a dimensionless constant approximately equal to 1.7. Finally, the Savage-Wood ratio (SWR) is given by SWR ≈ CE Δσd/2 Δσs. These results clarify the relationships among all of these stress parameters in the context of a complex fault, showing the critical role of the subevent stress drop. They also provide an additional tool for energy, stress, and Savage-Wood ratio estimation. Since the process of modeling strong motion with the composite source uses realistic Green's functions, estimates of energy and stress parameters using this model are expected to have a good correction for wave propagation.
An empirical study of earthquake source spectra for California earthquakes
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. , Silva Walt 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe generalize source, path, and site effects for California earthquakes as functions of magnitude and distance, based on regression analysis of 1000 Fourier acceleration spectra from 43 California earthquakes in the moment magnitude range from 4.4 to 7.4, recorded at rupture distances from 1 to 200 km. Empirically derived source spectra for California earthquakes are generally inconsistent with the spectral shape implied by a Brune (“omega-squared”) point-source model. This is manifested by magnitude- and frequency-dependence of the Brune model parameters. For example, the Brune stress parameter that best matches the data at high frequencies decreases from a value of about 120 bars at M5.5 to a value near 50 bars at M7.5. At frequencies below 1 Hz, though, source spectra have much lower spectral amplitudes than predicted by the Brune point-source model for these values of stress; this discrepancy grows with increasing magnitude. Finite-fault simulations indicate that this is a consequence of the breakdown of the validity of the point-source approximation for large ruptures. A stochastic finite-fault model, in which the fault is discretized as a number of subfaults, each of which is represented by a Brune omegasquared point source, correctly matches the observed spectral shapes and amplitudes.The spectral decay parameter kappa, representing average near-surface attenuation of high-frequency motion at rock sites, increases with increasing magnitude, from values near 0.035 sec at M5.5 to 0.050 sec at M7.5. Magnitude dependence of kappa may be interpreted as evidence of nonlinearity for typical California sites subjected to strong ground motion.Comparisons of our empirical source spectra for California to corresponding spectra for eastern North America suggest that the spectral amplitudes are similar in the two regions for low-frequency motions (f &lt; 2 Hz for M5.5, f &lt; 0.5 Hz for M7.5), for equivalent crustal conditions. The eastern events appear to have enhanced high-frequency near-source amplitudes relative to the California events; this is particularly pronounced for large-magnitude earthquakes.
Fault-zone guided waves from explosions in the San Andreas fault at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, California
Authors: Li Yong-Gang , Ellsworth William L. , Thurber Clifford H. , Malin Peter E. , Aki Keiiti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFault-zone guided waves were successfully excited by near-surface explosions in the San Andreas fault zone both at Parkfield and Cienega Valley, central California. The guided waves were observed on linear, three-component seismic arrays deployed across the fault trace. These waves were not excited by explosions located outside the fault zone. The amplitude spectra of guided waves show a maximum peak at 2 Hz at Parkfield and 3 Hz at Cienega Valley. The guided wave amplitude decays sharply with observation distance from the fault trace. The explosion-excited fault-zone guided waves are similar to those generated by earthquakes at Parkfield but have lower frequencies and travel more slowly. These observations suggest that the fault-zone wave guide has lower seismic velocities as it approaches the surface at Parkfield. We have modeled the waveforms as S waves trapped in a low-velocity wave guide sandwiched between high-velocity wall rocks, resulting in Love-type fault-zone guided waves. While the results are nonunique, the Parkfield data are adequately fit by a shallow wave guide 170 m wide with an S velocity 0.85 km/sec and an apparent Q ∼ 30 to 40. At Cienega Valley, the fault-zone wave guide appears to be about 120 m wide with an S velocity 0.7 km/sec and a Q ∼ 30.
Static stress changes in extensional regimes: An application to southern Apennines (Italy)
Authors: Nostro Concetta , Cocco Massimo , Belardinelli Maria Elina 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe analysis of static stress changes due to co-seismic dislocations has been widely applied in recent years to study the variation in failure stress on well-known segmented seismogenic faults. These studies assert that earthquakes induce changes in static stress on neighboring faults that may delay, advance, or trigger impending earthquakes. So far, most of the investigations have focused on California strike-slip faults and, more recently, on thrust faults. In this work, we study the static stress changes in an extensional tectonic setting. Following Okada (1992), we calculate static stress changes caused by normal-faulting earthquakes in the southern Apennines (Italy) using a 3D dislocation model in an elastic half-space. We first studied the static stress changes produced by the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. This normal-faulting event consisted of four fault segments that ruptured together within 40 sec. The last two subevents occurred 20 and 40 sec after the nucleation on two normal faults parallel to the main one. Because the rupture of these subvents are separated by a sufficiently long time interval, we assume that, before each subevent, the dynamic stress has reached its static configuration. Therefore, we analyze the static stress changes caused by each subevent in order to determine the variations of the initial conditions for subsequent ruptures. Moreover, we applied our procedure to study the static stress changes after the 1980 Irpinia earthquake on the fault zone where the 1990 and 1991 Potenza earthquakes (M ≈ 5) occurred. Our calculations indicate that, even if the amount of stress change depends on the fault geometry assumed for the 20-sec subevent of the Irpinia fault, the static stress increased on the Potenza fault after the 1980 Irpinia earthquake. This event also increased the static stress on seismogenic faults that are believed to have ruptured in the 1732 and 1857 earthquakes (M ≈ 6.5). In these calculations, we have considered the effect of a regional extensional stress field whose minimum principal axis is horizontal and oriented 216° N. The results show that the 1980 Irpinia earthquake increased the static stress by roughly 1 bar on the 1732 fault zone. Right lateral strike-slip faults oriented nearly E-W, such as the Potenza fault, are favorably oriented with respect to the total stress resulting from the extensional regional stress field and the coseismic stress induced by the Irpinia earthquake. Finally, we investigate the static stress changes caused by several historical earthquakes that occurred along the southern Apennines seismogenic belt. Most of the large historical earthquakes occurred in areas of static stress increase, yielding evidence for fault interaction.
Nonuniqueness of two-dimensional anisotropic tomography
Authors: Mochizuki E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIf P-wave velocity depends on azimuth, travel-time tomography is nonunique for external sources and receivers. For two dimension, travel-time data can be completely fitted in terms of isotropic P velocity. We obtain analytic expressions that specify the trade-off between anisotropy and heterogeneity.
To be digital or not to be, that is the ESG question
Authors: Martín Luis , Sánchez-Ortiz Noelia 
Published: March 2023

Avoiding global warming and achieving ESG targets requires new vision and new solutions to old problems. Since we are humans, we have to solve challenges with creativity, science and technology. But now, science is not enough, technology is not enough, and creativity is not enough. We live in an interconnected world which has never seen before. And there is a tool to allow this connectivity among stakeholders, without barriers and at a fraction of the cost of any other solution: the digital technology. Cheap, flexible and without boundaries, it is pushing our creativity to the limit. Being open and digital is the only solution in an interconnected world that needs to be open and transparent. An organization intending to measure, improve or report its ESG impact, needs to be digital. Digitalization needs to be introduced in the current and future processes of the industry, which will increasingly rely on digital technologies, allowing collection of data and its use across the company. There is unanimity concerning digitalization, and the need to increase the penetration of digital tools into the company processes so as to improve the organizations efficiency and for reporting purposes. This paper summarises the contexts of ESG requirements, the associated indexes and the digital technologies that can be considered within the organizations. Then, we describe a proposed approach for mapping the status of digitalization of companies and summarise some examples on how digitalization has impacted the ESG impact of relevant organizations.
Received: 22 November 2022Accepted: 07 December 2022
Integración de los criterios ASG en los modelos de gestión y procesos de negocio
Authors: Kirby Charles 
Published: March 2023

El presente artículo expone la necesidad de que la gestión de los aspectos ESG pase de un enfoque reactivo empujado por los cambios regulatorios y las obligaciones de reporting, a uno proactivo, donde los conceptos de sostenibilidad son embebidos en todos y cada uno de los procesos de la empresa, siendo necesario revisar los procesos, la organización y las herramientas de información e integración utilizadas. Tras realizar una reflexión en profundidad sobre modelos de gobierno, modelos operativos y de gestión de riesgos, el artículo destaca el papel que la transformación digital y el desarrollo de ecosistemas de colaboración e innovación a lo largo de las cadenas de valor, como palancas fundamentales de este cambio.
Recibido: 17 octubre 2022Aceptado: 08 noviembre 2022
Historia i prahistoria nieistniejącej już dziś wsi Kuców
Authors: Nierychlewska Anna , Olędzki Marek 
Published: March 2023

Treść artykułu stanowi historia i prahistoria nieistniejącej już wsi Kuców, znajdującej się dawniej w gminie Kleszczów, nieopodal miasta Bełchatowa. Właśnie to sąsiedztwo z wielką kopalnią odkrywkową węgla brunatnego „Bełchatów” przyniosło jej zagładę. Rozrastający się areał kopalniany doprowadził bowiem do tego, że jeszcze przed 1991 r. trzeba było wywłaszczyć i ewakuować tamtejszych mieszkańców, a w 1993 r. wszelkie ślady materialne ich egzystencji bezpowrotnie zniknęły. Tym niemniej opisywana wieś kucowska mogła się pochwalić bogatą, sięgającą średniowiecza historią, a także wydobytą przez łopaty archeologów, nie mniej imponującą prahistorią. Wszakże miejsce to, z pewnymi, dłuższymi i krótszymi przerwami, eksploatowano rolniczo już od epoki neolitu, kontynuując tę działalność przez epokę brązu i okres rzymski. Tak też było do lat 90. XX w. Przesłanki badawcze, które o powyższym zaświadczają są niżej przez obojga autorów skrupulatnie analizowane.