bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of TDP-43 protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Włodarczyk Piotr , Witczak Mikołaj , Gajewska Agnieszka , Chady Tomasz , Piotrowski Igor 
Published: December 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease where both upper and lower motoneurons are damaged. Even though the pathogenesis of ALS is unclear, the TDP-43 aggregations and non-nuclear localization may be crucial to understanding this process. Despite intensive research on ALS therapies, only two lifespan-prolonging medications have been approved: Riluzole and Edaravone. Unravelling the TDP-43 pathology could help develop new ALS therapies using mechanisms such as inhibition of nuclear export, autophagy, chaperones, or antisense oligonucleotides. Selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINEs) are drugs that block Exportin 1 (XPO1) and cause the accumulation of not exported molecules inside the nucleus. SINEs that target XPO1 are shown to slightly extend the survival of neurons and soften motor symptoms. Dysfunctional proteins, including TDP-43, can be eliminated through autophagocytosis, which is regulated by the mTOR kinase. Stimulating the elimination of protein deposits may be an effective ALS therapy. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) are single-stranded, synthetic oligonucleotides that can bind and modulate specific RNA: via ribonuclease H, inducing their degradation or inducing alternative splicing via blocking primary RNA transcripts. Current ASOs therapies used in ALS focus on SOD1, C9ORF72, FUS, and ATXN2, and they may be used to slow the ALS progression. Reversing the aggregation is a promising therapeutic strategy. Chaperones control other proteins' quality and protect them against stress factors. Due to the irreversible character of ALS, it is essential to understand its complicated pathology better and to seek new therapies.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Proyek Konstruksi Gedung Bertingkat
Authors: Setyawan Ary , Handayani Fajar Sri , Sofiana Irma 
Published: December 2022

<p>Pembangunan Hotel Loji Boyolali merupakan proyek gedung bertingkat tinggi yang sedang berlangsung di Kota Boyolali. Pelaksanaan proyek pembangunan Hotel Loji yang termasuk gedung bertingkat tinggi tentunya memakan waktu dan memiliki proses yang kompleks, terlebih pelaksanaan proyek dilaksanakan pada masa pandemi COVID-19 <em>(Corona Virus Disease). </em>Dalam pelaksanaan suatu proyek konstruksi tentunya tidak lepas dari risiko atau hambatan yang diperkirakan akan terjadi dan berdampak negatif terhadap produktivitas (waktu), mutu dan batasan biaya dari proyek atau yang lebih dikenal dengan <em>triple constraint</em>. Oleh karena itu, analisis risiko terkait risiko proyek perlu dilakukan dan penentuan respon risiko yang dapat diterapkan dalam menanggulangi risiko dominan yang terjadi.</p><p>Pada penelitian ini, data primer didapatkan dengan cara penyebaran kuisioner dan wawancara. Data sekunder diperoleh dari data yang dimiliki proyek dan studi literatur. Teknik untuk pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>. Analisis untuk bobot risiko menggunakan metode <em>Severity Index (SI), </em>sedangkan analisis level risiko menggunakan <em>Probability Impact Matriks</em> <em>(PIM)</em> dan penentuan untuk risiko dominan dengan memperhitungan <em>risk inde</em><em>x.</em></p><p>Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 14 variabel risiko proyek, diperoleh risiko dominan yang paling memberikan pengaruh terhadap aspek waktu adalah risiko keterlambatan pengiriman material akibat PSBB dan PPKM dengan nilai <em>risk index</em> paling tinggi yaitu 0.28. risiko dominan yang paling memberikan pengaruh terhadap aspek biaya adalah terjadinya kerusakan alat saat bekerja dan ketidaktersediaan material akibat PPKM, dengan nilai <em>risk index</em> 0,1. Risiko dominan yang paling signifikan terhadap aspek mutu adalah kualitas material tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi dengan nilai <em>risk index</em> paling tinggi 0,1, dan risiko paling dominan terjadi di dalam proyek hotel loji adalah keterlambatan pengiriman material akibat PSBB dan PPKM.</p>
INVESTIGATION OF ANTI-CORROSION PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FRACTION, CONTAINING 1,3-DIPHENYLTRIAZENE
Authors: Trotsenko A. , Grigorov A. 
Published: December 2022

The article considers the possibility of expanding the range of chemicals that exhibit their high anti-corrosion properties in hydrocarbons and can be used as additives to motor fuels through the use of 1,3-diphenyltriazene. This substance belongs to the class of diazocompounds and its anticorrosive properties are determined by the adsorption capacity in contact with the metal surface, due to the presence in the molecule of nitrogen-containing active groups that form a donor-acceptor (coordination) bond with the metal surface.
Studies of anticorrosive properties were performed on metal plates (copper and steel, grade 3), located in the model environment, which consisted of straight-run diesel fraction (240-350 ° C) obtained from gas condensate with the addition of 1% of the mass. 1,3-diphenyltriazene in which was injected 0.1% of the mass. a solution of 97% acetic acid or 0.5% of the mass. aqueous solution of 10% NaCl. The anticorrosive properties of the specified model environment were studied both in static (soft) conditions at 20 ° C, periodic stirring at a speed of 100 rpm. for 90 days, and in dynamic (hard) conditions at 50 ° C, continuous stirring at a speed of 500 rpm, aeration 1.5 dm3 / min for 120 hours.
It was found that in those samples where there was 1% of the mass. 1,3-diphenyltriazene on the surface of metal plates formed a protective film, as evidenced by the change in color of the metal plate, and the absence of signs of corrosion on the surface, as well as a slight increase in its mass (within 0.0002 ÷ 0.0003 g). In samples where there was no 1,3-diphenyltriazene corrosion rate (Km), for mild study conditions was 0.94 × 10-4 ÷ 5.16 × 10-4 g / (m2 × h), for harsh study conditions - 0.56 × 10-2 ÷ 1.07 × 10-2 g / (m2 × year).
The approach proposed by the authors, which takes into account the complex action of several factors (temperature, mixing, aeration and the presence of corrosive agents), allows to adequately, close to the conditions that may arise during the actual operation of facilities, to assess the effectiveness of one or another chemical to protect against corrosion of metal surfaces.
Guest Editorial: Trends in Remote Operations and Drilling Systems Automation Point to an Expanding Footprint What Comes Next and When?
Authors: de Wardt John 
Published: December 2022

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Most industry professionals know that remote operations were becoming increasingly common well before COVID-19 impacted the oil and gas drilling industry. But then during the pandemic, everyone all at once drove to reduce personnel travel and visits to the rig site.
One solution for this was remote operations. A major service company recently reported that more than 80% of its jobs worldwide have a remote component, and up to 100% on a region‑by‑region basis.
Now, evolving remote operations is a firmly established trend.
It is a trend that has gone hand in hand with automation—from automation of data gathering to automation of action sequences. As the industry became comfortable with remote, in all senses of the word (real‑time operating centers [RTOCs] and virtual centers), ideas started to form for future development.
A synopsis follows of findings from an industry survey of remote operations in drilling which suggests various stages of implementation.

Where Are We Going?
Established already are de-manning models such as directional drilling which encompasses measurement‑while‑drilling (MWD) data, mud‑logging analysts, geosteering, drilling optimization, and survey quality control. This is expected to be followed by:
Stage I: Logging‑while‑drilling (LWD), wireline logging, cementing, and pressure pumping.
Stage II: Establishing operating protocols between RTOC and wellsite while adding mud and fluids management, which will require significantly improved mud data (real‑time and at a high frequency) along with managed pressure drilling and casing running with rig crews operating with automation.
Stage III: Elevating remote decision making, enabling drilling engineers and other operating company staff to perform roles remotely.
Stage IV: A fully digitized operating system with a high degree of automation enabling remote geo‑driller (drilling the borehole).

How Will We Get There?
The new software as a service (SaaS) models in the industry are remotely enabling drilling engineers to understand more than the driller sees on their drilling control screens. This enables the industry to reimagine how operations are controlled and executed. The drilling contractors and original equipment manufacturers will need to upgrade their human‑machine interface (HMI) to advise drillers in near‑real‑time and with operational context.
Some decisions will be relinquished to the SaaS service user in the remote environment. The current trend is leading to critical operations being managed remotely, subject to communications capabilities and routine operations which are happening on-site requiring a view of or under the drill floor.
If operations are to be primarily run from site, it will require an operations room approach where all the drilling and well data are shared with on-site experts in one location (but probably not on the drill floor).
Shale Refracs: Next Big Thing, or a Piece of the Big Puzzle?
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: December 2022

A number of recent studies from the US shale sector are arguing that refracturing is a generally successful practice and that high oil prices make that even more true.
New research from the Eagle Ford Shale in south Texas shows that refractured wells using liners can even outperform new wells benefiting from more modern completion designs.
The developers of the liners and packers specially designed for refracs are also reporting increased interest for their technologies as the industry leans toward more sophisticated mechanical isolation techniques.
In terms of the very lowest-hanging fruit, it is believed operators in North Dakota’s Bakken Shale are sitting on some 400 openhole wells that if refractured would generate in excess of $2 billion—and that’s at $60/bbl vs. this year’s average oil price of almost $90/bbl.
But despite the apparent progress and size of the prize, it does not appear that US shale producers are any closer to refracturing on a large scale than they were 5 years ago.
Out of all the US horizontal well stimulations performed through September of this year, a little over 2% were refracs. The figure comes from Rystad Energy which identified in public data roughly 200 refractured wells out of the 8,900 total stimulations from January to September.
Most of these refracs were in the Permian Basin spanning Texas and New Mexico and involved wells of a 2018 vintage or earlier. And most of the operators active in this space completed just between 1–4 refracs during the reporting period.
The consultancy expects that as more data filters in, the count will be around 400 refracs by year’s end. That would likely be a little over 3% of total completions and roughly in line with last year’s final tally of 409 refracs. On a percentage basis, 2022 might also look similar to the 2018 peak of 570 refracs, or 3.3% of that year’s 17,000 completions.
Justin Mayorga, a senior analyst of shale research for Rystad, said the data reflect that a healthy level of activity exists in the refrac space—but there’s little chance the 2018 record will be broken anytime soon.
“It’s a very niche market,” he said. “The companies that are doing it are probably going to continue to do it, but I don’t think refracs are going to explode in numbers next year. I see stable activity that is very similar to this year’s 2–3% of total completions.”
One reason refracs hold just a fraction of the overall completions market is because they’ve only been able to establish a limited business case in a sector that remains laser-focused on bringing in new wells. To this end, many operators active in refracturing describe how they use the technique not to boost production from older wells but more so to protect the outcomes on new child wells that share the same pad.
But the biggest obstacle facing greater refrac activity in the US, according to Rystad and other analysts, is the lack of spare pumping horsepower.
If You Build a Better Sucker Rod, Will Buyers Be Willing To Change?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: December 2022

When the pump breaks down and the oil stops flowing, it’s mostly likely due to a failed sucker rod.
“The statistics are pretty strong. While you would think the rod pump or the progressing cavity pump is the component with the most problems, it is the rod string” that is most often to blame, said Lonnie Dunn, vice president for technology at Lifting Solutions.
That’s a critical fact for Dunn who works for the biggest maker of what are known as continuous sucker rods. Rather than connecting individual rods into a string long enough to run from the surface to the pump, a single long rod is run into the well like coiled tubing.
While he was talking up coiled sucker rods at the SPE Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition, a competitor at the conference, ChampionX, was announcing a first: a protective anodic coating for its continuous sucker rods that prevents corrosion and reduces the drag when a rod rubs against the surrounding tubing (SPE 209751).
Unlike competitors that have relied on coatings that provide a physical barrier, ChampionX’s defense relies on a powdered metal coating that short-circuits electrochemical reactions that can cause rapid corrosion.
This is an emerging technology where the key components are long-proven. Continuous rod was patented nearly 50 years ago, and methods using anodic corrosion protection methods have been around even longer with uses ranging from protecting subsea risers to galvanized nails.
Still both ideas are new in this slow-changing service sector, where there has been little change in the dimensions of the rods, and key design elements are usually based on API specifications.
These companies are among a handful of innovators working to convince operators that a continuous rod is a better choice at a time when wells present more challenges, from wellbores that curve by design or by accident to reservoirs producing increasingly corrosive fluids.
It has been a slow change because “sucker rods have been around a long time and the product and servicing practices are well established whereas continuous rod, especially on the servicing side, represents a significant change,” Dunn said.
While there are advantages, from faster running times to reduced failures, when it comes to this long-established oilfield commodity, he suspects some customers assume “everything that can be done is done.”
Continuous rods eliminate the time required to make the hundreds of connections needed to make up a rod string. The risk of connection failures is reduced by replacing multiple rods with a long rod requiring connections only at the pumping unit on the surface and the pump downhole.
To back up the promise of more-durable rods, the companies in this sector are adding corrosion-resistant coatings. “The general consensus is that the wells are going to get more and more corrosive, and the industry will be going after oil and gas in harsher conditions,” said Alex Perri, product line director for ChampionX.
Waterflood Optimization Advisory System Provides Insights Into Efficiency
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2022

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 207946, “Intelligent Waterflood Optimization Advisory System: A Step Change Toward Digital Transformation,” by Samat Ramatullayev, SPE, Muzahidin M. Salim, and Muhammad Ibrahim, SPE, Schlumberger, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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In the complete paper, the authors discuss the development of an end-to-end waterflooding-optimization system that provides monitoring and surveillance dashboards with artificial-intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) components to generate and assess insights into operational efficiency in an automated manner. The system allows for fast screening of waterflooding performance at diverse levels, enabling prompt identification of opportunities for immediate uptake into an opportunity-management process and for evaluation in an AI-driven production forecast or a reservoir simulator.

Monitoring and Surveillance Dashboards
The system consists of a series of dashboards covering both subsurface and surface elements. The production data foundation, the data-management platform, can connect to multiple data sources, simplifying data-preparation and -ingestion processes.
The intelligent monitoring and surveillance section consists of monitoring and surveillance dashboards focusing on six key indicators: production scorecard, injection scorecard, injection efficiency, voidage replacement ratio, injection-water quality, advanced analytics, and opportunity management.
The system consists of different modules such as Field, Reservoir, Sector, Pattern, Offset Wells, Surface Facilities, and Advanced Analytics. Although each module contains some automation aspects, the Advanced Analytics module houses most of the automation and ML. The modules are detailed in the complete paper.
Cloud Computing Optimizes Vaca Muerta Well Spacing, Stimulation Design
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: December 2022

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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 204142, “Well Spacing and Stimulation Design Optimization in the Vaca Muerta Shale: Hydraulic Fracture Simulations on the Cloud,” by Sahil Malhotra, SPE, Alejandro Lerza, SPE, and Sergio Cuervo, Chevron/YPF Joint Venture. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

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Well spacing and stimulation design are high-impact design variables that can dictate the economics of an unconventional development. The objective of the complete paper is to showcase a numerical simulation work flow with emphasis on a hydraulic fracture simulation methodology that optimizes well spacing and completion design simultaneously. The work flow is deployed using cloud computing functionality.

Objective
The Vaca Muerta shale has grown in drilling activity and overall production significantly over the past decade. The mode of development started from vertical wells with multistage hydraulic fractures, with a transition to horizontal wells in the early 2010s. Over the past few years, the designs have transitioned to fracturing designs with lower-viscosity fluids with tighter cluster spacing. These designs have demonstrated improved production in wells drilled in multiple zones.
While an emphasis has been made on optimizing stimulation designs, well spacing has not been studied thoroughly yet. The objective of the current work is to optimize well spacing and stimulation designs to maximize estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) and lower the unit development cost per barrel. Stimulation designs contain design variables including cluster spacing, clusters per stage, proppant and fluid amount, fluid type, proppant type, and perforation design. Unit development cost is defined as the capital expenditure per barrel of EUR.

Modeling Work Flow
The work flow was used on a three-well pad in a field in the Neuquén basin targeting the Vaca Muerta. Two wells were drilled and completed in the upper zone, and one well was completed in the lower zone. The pad was initially designed for four wells, but one lower-zone well was abandoned because of drilling-related issues. Well A and Well C were pumped with high-density completions (HDC) designs, and Well B was pumped with a conventional design. The HDC design involved pumping larger proppant and fluid amounts at tighter cluster spacing than in the conventional design.
Usability and Effectiveness of Interactive Online International Exchange Program for Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Suyama Natsuka , Inoue Kaoru , Sorasak Supatida , Thawisuk Chirathip , Watanabe Masaru 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected international exchange programs due to travel restrictions. There are few reports of online international exchange programs in medical area and no report of interactive activities among students together for several months. To the best of our knowledge, we needed to seek the effective approach to conduct online exchange program. We experienced online collaboration works to promote internationalization in occupational therapy (OT) undergraduate education. The aim of this study is to examine the usability and effectiveness of an interactive online international exchange program, and discuss its usefulness and challenges. The three-month program was newly developed, and aimed at cultivating an international perspective, understanding OT, and learning basic research skills. Students’ interests and the development of their motivation were considered in the program consisting of synchronous and asynchronous lectures, a collaboration research project, group work, and report assignments. Through the program, students were satisfied with the program contents and had the precious experience to develop international relationships. The online exchange program provided students with the opportunity to experience and learn OT education internationally at an economical cost, and to achieve program goal during the regular semester. In this program, students not only acquired knowledge in their professional field, but also cultivated their international communication skills in English from small group activities and social activities. Considering various communication methods was an important aspect in the virtual environment leading to a successful program. In medical education, an online program can be an effective and practical measure for international exchange.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of carboplatin combined with nab-paclitaxel or paclitaxel as first-line therapy for advanced thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Hao Yue , Si Jinfei , Wei Jingwen , Gu Xiaodong , Wang Wenxian , Zhang Yuxin , Guan Yelan , Huang Hao , Xu Chunwei , Song Zhengbo 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Background: Paclitaxel/carboplatin (PC) is the standard first-line chemotherapy for advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. However, although nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-PC and PC have exhibited efficacy in various solid tumors, data for thymic epithelial tumors are lacking, including a comparison of the efficacies of nab-PC and PC.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study to compare the efficacy and safety of nab-PC with PC in previously untreated patients with advanced thymoma and thymic carcinoma. We analyzed the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (AEs). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were carried out to determine the factors independently associated with survival.
Results: Ninety-one patients were enrolled from October 2006 to September 2021. The ORRs in patients treated with nab-PC and PC were 48.8% vs 36%, respectively (P=0.219). Among patients with thymic carcinoma, PFS differed between the nab-PC and PC groups (10.5 vs 6.3 months, P=0.0049); however, no such difference occurred in the thymoma group (13.8 vs 12.3 months, P=0.6948). The median OS was 27.4 months in 54 patients in thymic carcinoma, but was not reached for thymoma patients (P=0.0024).
Conclusions: Nab-PC may be more effective than PC as first-line therapy in patients with advanced thymic epithelial tumors. Nab-PC could thus become an alternative regimen in patients with thymic epithelial tumors, especially thymic carcinoma.