bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor Market and Earnings Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Nigeria
Authors: Brown Derek S , McNelly Samantha , Meinhart Melissa , Sesay Ibrahim , Poulton Catherine , Stark Lindsay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Little is known regarding economic impacts of IPV in humanitarian settings, and the limited number of costing studies tend to focus on the health burden of IPV without considering consider the labor burden. Examining the myriad costs associated with IPV expands understanding of the urgency to address IPV.
Methods
Our top-down costing study examines the labor costs of lifetime experience IPV among conflict and non-conflict affected populations of women ages 15–49 in Nigeria. The study integrates the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and 2013-17 Uppsala Conflict Data Program data with earnings data from the Gender Development Index in the United Nations Human Development Report 2021/2022. Estimated IPV prevalence was multiplied by the probability of not working, using logistic regression models to estimate the number of women who were no longer active in the labor force in the past year due to lifetime IPV exposure. The economic value of lost income was quantified by multiplying our estimates by median gender-specific earnings data, based on 2017 purchasing power parity exchange rates.
Results
Combined with an average loss of 4.14% in reduced likelihood of working, the average annual lost female earnings were an estimated $592,000,000 USD for conflict-affected areas and $2,325,000,000 for non-conflict affected areas. Despite using conservative assumptions, estimated annual costs approach $3.0 billion USD, about 1% of Nigeria’s total economic output.
Conclusions
This is a societal cost, not strictly limited to women, but borne by families, government, and all of Nigeria. If stronger funding and prevention measures could reduce the incidence of IPV against women in Nigeria, a substantial portion of these costs could be reclaimed. These high labor market costs demonstrate that there is an economic case to be made, alongside a moral imperative, for stronger protections for girls and women in Nigeria.
Columnar joints in intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks
Authors: Li Yongquan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Columnar joints are among the most spectacular structures in various types of igneous rocks. In contrast to basaltic rocks, very few studies systematically examine this structure in other types of igneous rocks. Here, I focus on columnar joints in intermediate and felsic volcanic rocks (IFVRs) which outcrop in eastern and southern China through detailed field observations and measurements. The interpretations and analyzed results show that: (1) Columnar joint is not rare in IFVRs which have similar internal structures to columnar jointed basaltic lavas, but the high viscosity usually inhibits their formation potential of columnar joints in intermediate and felsic lavas (ratio of formation probabilities between IFVRs and basalts is ~ 1/29 in eastern and southern China). (2) Columnar joints in IFVRs usually display curved structure that are likely formed by the slightly downslope of solidified top part and the local rotation of the isotherms, which can be classified as entablature. (3) The largely variable size (side length = ~ 10–161 cm) and ordering (Hexagonality Index = ~ 0.68–1.5) of columns in IFVRs are not directly associated with their major element compositions, but most possibly are controlled by their emplaced styles, surrounding environments and rock textures. (4) High effusion rates of lavas and/or pyroclastic flows emplaced in flat areas (i.e., Basin floor, canyon, lava lake, caldera interior) through stagnant cooling processes (~ 1.4–35°C/h) would be the key mechanisms to form columnar joints in IFVRs.
Real-world experience and clinical impact of drug-drug interactions in HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer patients treated with abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy: the AB-ITALY study
Authors: Pisegna Simona , Scagnoli Simone , Toss Angela , Caputo Roberta , De Laurentiis Michelino , Palleschi Michela , De Giorgi Ugo , Cortesi Enrico , fabbri maria agnese , Fabi Alessandra , Paris Ida , Orlandi Armando , Curigliano Giuseppe , Criscitiello Carmen , garrone ornella , Tomasello Gianluca , D'Auria Giuliana , Vici Patrizia , Ricevuto Enrico , Domati Federica , Piombino Claudia , Parola Sara , Scafetta Roberta , Cirillo Alessio , Salimbeni Beatrice Taurelli , Lisa Francesca Sofia Di , Strigari Lidia , Preissner Robert , Simmaco Maurizio , Santini Daniele , Marchetti Paolo , Botticelli Andrea 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Abemaciclib demonstrated clinical benefit in women affected by HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer (aBC). Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) can lead to a reduced treatment efficacy or increased toxicity. This retro-prospective study aimed to evaluate outcomes, DDIs’ impact and toxicities of abemaciclib combined with endocrine therapy in a real-world setting.
METHODS
Patients from 12 referral Italian hospitals with HR+/HER2- aBC who received abemaciclib were included. Clinical data about comorbidities, concurrent medications, outcomes and adverse events (AE) were collected. Drug-PIN® (Personalized Interactions Network) is a tool recognizing the role of multiple interactions between active and/or pro-drug forms combined with biochemical and demographic patient data. The software was used to define the Drug-PIN score and Drug-PIN tier (green, yellow, dark yellow and red) for each patient. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify predictors of patients PFS or toxicity.
RESULTS
One hundred seventy-three patients were included. 13% of patients had > 75years. Overall response rate (ORR) was 63%. The median PFS (mPFS) of the overall population was 22 months (mo), while mOS was not reached. Patients treated with abemaciclib in combination with AI and fulvestrant had a mPFS of 36 and 19 mo, respectively. The most common toxicities were diarrhoea, asthenia and neutropenia detected in 63%,49%,49% of patients, respectively. The number of concomitant medications and comorbidities were not associated with survival outcomes (22 vs 17 mo, p = 0.068, p = 0.99). Drug-PIN tier from dark yellow to red and Drug-PIN score > 12 were associated with shorter PFS compared to no/low risk DDIs and score < 12 (15 vs 23, p = 0.005, p = 0.0017). Drug interaction was confirmed as an independent biomarker in a multivariate model (p = 0.02). No difference in any-grade AE, severe toxicities and diarrhoea was detected among different age subgroups. No association was found between Drug-PIN score or Drug-PIN tier and overall toxicity (p = 0.44), severe AEs (p = 0.11) or drug reduction (p = 0.27)
CONCLUSIONS
Efficacy and safety of abemaciclib plus ET were confirmed in a real-world setting, even in elderly population and patients with comorbidities. Evaluation of DDIs with Drug-PIN appear to be an independent predictor of PFS.
Increasing sensitivity of the terrestrial ecosystem to climate change in China
Authors: Wei Fangli , Fu Bojie , Zhang Wenmin , Sun Chuanlian , Hu Ying 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Changes in heat and moisture significantly co-alter ecosystem functioning. However, knowledge on the dynamics of ecosystem responses to climate change is limited. Here, we quantify long-term ecosystem sensitivity (ES) based on weighted ratios of vegetation productivity variability and multiple climate variables from satellite observations, greater values of which indicate more yields per hydrothermal condition change. Our results show that ES exhibits large spatial variability and increases with the aridity index. A positive temporal trend of ES is found in 61.28% of the study area from 2001 to 2021, which is largely attributed to a declining vapor pressure deficit and constrained by solar radiation. Moreover, carbon dioxide plays a dual role; in moderation it promotes the fertilization effect, whereas in excess, it suppresses vegetation growth by triggering droughts. Our findings highlight that moisture stress between land and atmosphere is one of the key prerequisites for ecosystem stability, offsetting part of the negative effects of heat.
Detection of bla kpc gene among carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from different clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital of Nepal
Authors: Baral Rakshya , Tuladhar Reshma , Manandhar Sarita , Singh Anjana , Sherchan Samendra 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Klebsiella pneumoniae infections have become a major cause of hospital acquired infection worldwide with the increased rate of acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. Carbapenem resistance mainly among Gram negative is an ongoing problem which causes serious outbreaks dramatically limiting treatment options. This prospective cross-sectional study was designed to detect blaKPC gene from carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae.
Materials and Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study was designed to detect blaKPC gene from carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae. A totally of 1118 different clinical specimen were processed and screened for KPC producing K. pneumoniae phenotypically using Meropenem (10µg) disc. The blaKPC gene was amplified from the isolates of K. pneumoniae to detect the presence of this gene. Of the total samples processed, 18.6% (n = 36) were K. pneumoniae with 61.1% (n = 22) meropenem resistant. All isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. This study demonstrated the higher level of MDR 91.7% (n = 33) and KPC production 47.2% (n = 17) among K. pneumoniae isolates. The blaKPC gene was detected in 8.3% (n = 3) of Meropenem resistant isolates.
Result
A totally of 1118 different clinical specimens were processed and screened for KPC producing K. pneumoniae phenotypically using Meropenem (10µg) disc. The blaKPC gene was amplified from the isolates of K. pneumoniae to detect the presence of this gene. Of the total samples processed, 18.6% (n = 36) were K. pneumoniae with 61.1% (n = 22) meropenem resistant. All isolates were susceptible to polymyxin B. This study demonstrated the higher level of MDR 91.7% (n = 33) and KPC production 47.2% (n = 17) among K. pneumoniae isolates. The blaKPC gene was detected in 8.3% (n = 3) of meropenem resistant isolates.
Conclusion
Since the study demonstrates the higher level of MDR and KPC producing K. pneumonia isolates that has challenged the use of antimicrobial agents, continuous microbiology, and molecular surveillance to assist early detection and minimize the further dissemination of blaKPC should be initiated. We anticipate that the findings of this study will be useful in understanding the prevalence of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae in Nepal.
Accessing Gold π-Acid Reactivity under Electrochemical Anode Oxidation (EAO) through Oxidation Relay
Authors: Shi Xiaodong , Zhang Shuyao , Wei Jingwen , Ye Xiaohan , Perez Angel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The gold π-acid activation under electrochemical condition is achieved for the first time. While EAO allowing easy access to gold(III) intermediates over alternative chemical oxidation under mild conditions, the reported examples so far limited to coupling reactions due to the rapid AuIII reductive elimination. Using aryl hydrazine-HOTf salt as precursors, the π-activation reaction mode was realized through oxidation relay. Both alkene and alkyne di-functionalization were achieved with excellent functional group compatibility and regioselectivity, which extended the versatility and utility of electrochemical gold redox chemistry for future applications to come.
Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins
Authors: Blümke Alexander , Ijeoma Erica , Simon Jessica , Wellington Rachel , Purwaningrum Medania , Doulatov Sergei , Leber Elizabeth , Scatena Marta , Giachelli Cecilia M 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background:
Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferrable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts.
Methods:
In this study we compare the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. Results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages.
Results:
Embryoid-body based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts.
Conclusions:
The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
A design methodology for nonlinear oscillator chains enabling energy localization tuning and soliton stability enhancement with optimal damping
Authors: Barbosa Arthur , Kacem Najib , Bouhaddi Noureddine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this paper, Intrinsic Localized Modes (ILMs) are investigated in coupled nonlinear oscillators, with a specific focus on creating stationary solitons. The main objective is to establish a design methodology for reproducing the Nonlinear Schr¨odinger Equation (NLSE) in mechanical systems, even in the presence of damping. A three-dimensional diagram is developed in order to illustrate stable parameter regions for damped stationary solitons. Moreover an analysis of the influence of the number of oscillators in the system, and a numerical investigation regarding the stability of solitonic behavior is done. Through numerical analyses, it is observed that the developed algorithm not only has the capability to locate the highest amplitudes in the chain of oscillators but also to control the intensity at which these amplitudes are located according to design requirements. The proposed methodology expands the understanding of energy localization in nonlinear systems and holds potential for practical applications.
Role for environmental factors on the relationship between seasons of conception and preterm birth: An observational study in China
Authors: Zou Shujing , Liang Yuxiu , Wang Zhaojun , Bai Shuoxin , Du Shuang , Zhao Xiaodong , Lin Shaoqian , Wang Zhiping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background：The relationship between season and the risk of preterm birth is not consistent. Importantly, the role of environmental factors in it is not clear.
Methods：Based on the baseline of the Jinan birth cohort, our study focused on seasons of conception to examine the relationship. The mothers from the birth cohort were the subjects, and they were interviewed face-to-face by the questionnaire. The average exposure levels of temperature and humidity during the first 30 days of pregnancy were calculated, and those of air pollutants were assessed by an inverse distance weighting method.
Results: A total of 4.4 % (263/5984) of mothers had premature babies. The rates of preterm birth were higher in winter (6.0 %) and summer (4.5 %) than that in spring (3.1 %) at the 0.05 significant level. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for the risk of preterm birth at conception in winter and summer were 2.228 (1.512-3.316) and1.541 (1.055-2.277). However, after further adjustment for humidity, only the association between winter conception and preterm birth remained statistically significant (OR: 2.353, 95% CI: 1.594-3.511). Moreover, the humidity partially mediated the relationship (41.2 %) between conception in winter and preterm birth, and humidity in winter was negatively associated with the risk of preterm birth (indirect effect = -0.007, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: For women living in the temperate regions, conception in summer and winter may increase the risk of preterm birth, and this association persisted in winter after adjusting for environmental factors. During the first 30 days of pregnancy, lower levels of humidity exposure in winter contributed to and mediated the relationship. The results may provide epidemiological evidence for pregnancy planning and care of women from the perspective of environmental factors.
Mycoplanecins, potent anti-tuberculosis antibiotics: Elucidation of unusual biosynthesis and DnaN-targeting mode of action
Authors: Müller Rolf , Fu Chengzhang , Liu Yunkun , Walt Christine , Rasheed Sari , Bader Chantal , Lukat Peer , Neuber Markus , Haeckl Jake , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Kalinina Olga 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
DNA polymerase III sliding clamp (DnaN) was recently validated as a new anti-tuberculosis target employing griselimycins. Three (2S,4R)-4-methylproline moieties of methylgriselimycin play significant roles in target binding and metabolic stability. Here, we identify the mycoplanecin biosynthetic gene cluster by genome mining using bait genes from the 4-methylproline pathway. We isolate and structurally elucidate four mycoplanecins comprising scarce homo-amino acids and 4-alkylprolines. Evaluating mycoplanecin E against Mycobacterium tuberculosis surprisingly reveals an excitingly low minimum inhibition concentration at 83 ng/mL, thus outcompeting griselimycin by approximately 24-fold. We show that mycoplanecins bind DnaN with nanomolar affinity and provide a co-crystal structure of mycoplanecin A-bound DnaN. Additionally, we reconstitute the biosyntheses of the unusual L-homoleucine, L-homonorleucine, and (2S,4R)-4-ethylproline building blocks by characterizing in vitro the full set of eight enzymes involved. The biosynthetic study, bioactivity evaluation, and drug target validation of mycoplanecins pave the way for their further development to tackle multidrug-resistant mycobacterial infections.
Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1) seroprevalence, risk factor and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) co-infection analysis from Ireland
Authors: Barrett Damien , Lane Elizabeth , Lozano Jose Maria , O’Keeffe Kate , Byrne Andrew William 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Surveillance of endemic pathogens is essential for disease control, providing an evidence base for policy and advice. Bovine Herpes Virus Type 1 (BoHV-1), the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), has been found to have high seroprevalence within the Irish cattle population. The aim of the present study was to establish seroprevalence levels for culled cattle in Ireland aged <30months and to establish whether BVD exposure and other factors was associated with BoHV-1 exposure. We employed random effects logit models coupled with repeated bootstrap sampling to provide robust estimates. The final dataset contained results for 5,273 animals tested over two study years, 2018 and 2020. The animal-level seroprevalence of BoHV-1 was 21.43% (1,130/5,273; 95%CI:20.32%-22.53%). Univariable analysis suggested that BoHV-1seropositivity risk was associated with BVDV serodiagnosis status, age, sex, year sampled, herd type, herd-size, and metrics of movement into the herd. Final random-effects multivariable models suggested increased risk associated with increasing herd size of the last herd, movements made by animals during the previous year, and the year the animal was sampled. Despite BVDV status and sex being retained in the final model, repeated bootstrap sampling of the regression model to estimate biased-corrected 95%CI suggested that these associations were not robust. The overall apparent prevalence of BoHV-1 exposure for culled cattle in Ireland was declined in 2020 relative to 2018 (from 23.32% to 17.61%). Herd-size and the movement of animals were found to be important factors associated with animal-level risk, but there was less statistical support for sex-based or BVDV status associations.
Predictors of Hospital Nursing Staff’s Adherence to Safe Injection Guidelines, Applying the Protection Motivation Theory, in Fars Province, Iran
Authors: Karimi Masoud , Khorramaki Zakieh , faradonbeh Maryam Rabiei , Ghaedi Maryam , Ashoori Fatemeh , Asadollahi Abdolrahim 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background: Needle stick injuries (NSI) can lead to dangerous infectious diseases for health care workers. This study aimed to determine the Predictors of observance of safe injection guidelines in hospital nursing staff, based on protection motivation theory.
Methods: This cross-sectional study, was conducted on nursing staff of randomly selected five teaching and general hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars province, Iran, 2021. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire which was developed based on protection motivation theory. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 22 and Amos 24 at a significance level of <0.05. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Multiple linear regression and Structural Equation Modeling were used.
Results: The average age of 280 participants was 32.5±8.09 years. Most of participants [80%] have encountered NSI, patients’ blood, or body fluids at least once. Protection motivation was the only predictor of protective behaviors (β=0.573), while perceived efficacy (β=0.142) and perceived rewards (β=-0.229) were the strongest predictors of motivation. The structural equation modeling analysis showed that standardized total effects of protection motivation, perceived response costs, rewards and efficacy on the protective behaviors were 0.573, -0.159, -.104, and 0.81 respectively. While standardized total effects of perceived rewards, efficacy and response cost on protection motivation were -0.229, 0.142, and -0.033 accordingly. The model fit indices indicated the acceptable final model fit,
Conclusion: The results suggest that the educational interventions for hospital nurses to comply with safe injection guidelines should be focused more on perceived efficacy, perceived effectiveness, and perceived rewards