bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parvalbumin neurons in the anterior nucleus of thalamus control absence seizures
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan , Yu Xiaofeng , Tuo Miao , Zhao Zhenran , Wang Junhong , Jiang Tong , Zhang Mengwen , Wang Ying , Sun Yanping 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveAnterior nucleus of thalamus (ANT) has been widely accepted as a potential therapeutic target for drug‐resistant epilepsy. Although increased volume of the ANT was also reported in patients with absence epilepsy, the relationship between the ANT and absence epilepsy has been barely illustrated.MethodsUsing chemogenetics, we evaluated the effect of ANT parvalbumin (PV) neurons on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)‐induced absence seizures in mice.ResultsWe found that intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (30 mg/kg) can stably induce absence‐like seizures characterized by bilaterally synchronous spike–wave discharges (SWDs). Selective activation of PV neurons in the ANT by chemogenetics could aggravate the severity of absence seizures, whereas selective inhibition of that cannot reverse this condition and even promote absence seizures as well. Moreover, chemogenetic inhibition of ANT PV neurons without administration of PTZ was also sufficient to generate SWDs. Analysis of background EEG showed that chemogenetic activation or inhibition of ANT PV neurons could both significantly increase the EEG power of delta oscillation in the frontal cortex, which might mediate the pro‐seizure effect of ANT PV neurons.SignificanceOur findings indicated that either activation or inhibition of ANT PV neurons might disturb the intrinsic delta rhythms in the cortex and worsen absence seizures, which highlighted the importance of maintaining the activity of ANT PV neurons in absence seizure.
Assessment of pebble virtual velocities by combining active RFID fixed stations with geophones
Authors: Cassel Mathieu , Navratil Oldrich , Liébault Frédéric , Recking Alain , Vázquez‐Tarrío Daniel , Bakker Maarten , Zanker Sébastien , Misset Clément , Piégay Hervé 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMonitoring bedload transport in rivers is a challenging research domain teeming with technical innovations and methodological developments aimed at improving our knowledge and models of bedload processes at different spatial–temporal scales. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has improved sediment tracking, allowing the characterisation of transport processes of individual particles at flood‐event scales. Meanwhile, geophone sensors have enabled the long‐term continuous monitoring of seismic signals that can provide surrogate measures of bedload fluxes at local scales, during flood events and at sediment‐pulses. The combination of these two techniques could allow sediment transport processes to be linked with both flood events and sediment pulses. In this study, we used a combination of active ultra‐high frequency RFID technology and geophone monitoring stations to link the virtual velocity of tracers with seismic activity, hydraulic forcing, and the properties of the tracked particles. Single and multiple regression models show that seismic activity best explained the observed variance (81%) of the virtual velocity of particles, in comparison with discharge (58%) and stream power (63%). Furthermore, when several control variables (seismic activity and particle properties) were combined in an empirical model, the model explained 89% of the variance and allowed quantification of the portions of the variance explained by hydraulic forcing, geophonic activity and tracked particles. These results show the high potential of these combined monitoring techniques for future in‐field experiments to investigate bedload processes at different spatiotemporal scales in rivers of different morphologies.
Increasing equitable access to graduate education through competitive hiring in the life sciences
Authors: Carroll Kathleen A. , Lance Michael J. , Smithers Brian V. , Debinski Diane M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany professions necessitate a graduate‐level education, and research conducted by graduate students is integral in many fields, particularly those in the life science programs like ecology and environmental sciences. However, practices for recruiting and selecting graduate students are inconsistent among and within institutions. Although some institutions, departments, or faculty members hire graduate students through open and competitive graduate student hiring processes, graduates are frequently selected through inconsistent processes that limit the pool of applicants and do not maximize the potential for increasing workforce diversity. Here, we review and evaluate six approaches to graduate recruitment processes common in ecology and environmental science degree programs in the US to determine which approaches, or combinations of approaches, could increase equity in career development opportunities, promote workforce diversity, and provide clear justifications to funding bodies. We compiled our list of recruitment methods through informal interviews with recruiters, administrators, faculty, and graduate students in ecology, natural resources, and environmental sciences. We determined that three of the six approaches examined were most effective in supporting equitable graduate student hiring practices, and three were not. While life science fields were the primary focus of this review, our approach to evaluating graduate recruitment methods is widely applicable across disciplines where graduate students conduct research.Practical Takeaways
There are six main ways graduate students are recruited in the life sciences: competitive recruitment, candidate pool, student‐driven, contact applicants, current employees, and preselected candidates.
Three of the common recruitment methods for graduate students are more competitive (e.g., publicly announced, with clear instructions, a review committee or panel).
Open and competitive graduate student hiring processes could increase equity in career development opportunities and promote workforce diversity.
Effects of flexible sacrum position at birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Caglioni Martina , Cantatore Francesco , Valsecchi Luca , Miglioli Cesare , Dumont Roxane , Rinaldi Stefania , Candiani Massimo , Salvatore Stefano 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the differences in both maternal and neonatal outcomes between flexible and non‐flexible sacrum positions at birth.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional, retrospective study was carried out on a sample of low‐risk pregnant women. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions and multivariate linear regressions were conducted to estimate the association between our discrete or continuous variables of interest. Maternal outcomes were perineal tear, maternal blood loss, second stage length; neonatal outcomes were Apgar scores and neonatal asphyxia. Results were adjusted for maternal age, neonatal birth weight, and epidural analgesia.ResultsWe considered for final analysis 2198 women. In primiparous women, women giving birth in the all‐fours position were significantly more likely to have an intact perineum (P = 0.011) and a shorter length of the second stage of labor (P = 0.022). Maternal age (P = 0.005) and neonatal weight (P = 0.013) significantly increased perineal tearing; maternal age (P = 0.004) and neonatal birth weight (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher amount of blood loss. Maternal age (P = 0.002) and neonatal weight (P < 0.001) significantly increased the length of the second stage of labor. For multiparous women, the side‐lying position was significantly correlated with an intact perineum (P = 0.031); maternal age and intact perineum were statistically inversely associated. Epidural analgesia significantly increased the length of the second stage of labor in both nulliparous (P < 0.001) and pluriparous women (P < 0.001). No significant differences were found in neonatal outcomes.ConclusionWomen with a low‐risk labor should be free to choose their birth position as flexible sacrum positions are shown to increase maternal well‐being and do not affect neonatal health.
Cerebral stroke classification based on fusion model of 3D EmbedConvNext and 3D Bi‐LSTM network
Authors: Wang Xinying , Yi Jian , Li Yang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAcute stroke can be effectively treated within 4.5 h. To help doctors judge the onset time of this disease as soon as possible, a fusion model of 3D EmbedConvNext and 3D Bi‐LSTM network was proposed. It uses DWI brain images to distinguish between cases where the stroke onset time is within 4.5 h and beyond. 3D EmbedConvNeXt replaces 2D convolution with 3D convolution based on the original ConvNeXt, and the downsample layer uses the self‐attention module. 3D features of EmbedConvNeXt were output to 3D Bi‐LSTM for learning. 3D Bi‐LSTM is mainly used to obtain the spatial relationship of multiple planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal), to effectively learn the 3D time series information in the depth, length, and width directions of the feature maps. The classification experiments on stroke data sets provided by cooperative hospitals show that our model achieves an accuracy of 0.83.
Evaluation of new pivoting linear‐move precision irrigation machine
Authors: Szabó Andrea , Tamás János , Kövesdi Ádám , Nagy Attila 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDue to population growth, freshwater resources around the world are becoming increasingly scarce, and the water supply in agriculture has emerged as one of the limitations of food production. Variable‐rate irrigation (VRI), a type of precision irrigation, allows water‐efficient irrigation techniques to ensure an optimal water supply. The University of Debrecen, in collaboration with Magtár Kft., was the first in Hungary to develop a new laterally mobile irrigation machine equipped with VRI. The subject of our study was the testing of this system. According to the research, high and homogeneous irrigation uniformity was achieved in practice, with a Christiansen uniformity coefficient (CUc%) of 93 ± 2, distribution uniformity (DU%) of 88 ± 2 and coefficient of variation (CV) of 9 ± 2. Irrigation accuracy was also found to be satisfactory (mean absolute error 0.6 ± 0.1, mean bias error 0.2 ± 0.2, normalized root mean square error 8.6 ± 2), and only 1.4% ± 2% was overirrigated and 0.4% ± 0.3% underirrigated. In addition, the uniformity and accuracy of irrigation in different management zones along the pipeline were also investigated, and significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between irrigation water depths. Based on the above, a new laterally mobile irrigation machine equipped with VRI can be used to develop more uniform and accurate irrigation schedules in the future in arable fields as this is critical for water‐saving irrigation management.
A novel tunable metal‐clad planar waveguide with 0.62PMN‐0.38PT material for detection of cancer cells
Authors: Maurya Rajiv , Mishra Ankit , Yadav Chandan Singh , Upadhyay Abhishek , Sharma Gaurav , Kumar Sushil , Singh Vivek 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA dynamically tunable metal clad planar waveguide having 0.62PMN‐0.38PT material is simulated and optimized for detection of cancer cells. Angular interrogation of the TE0 mode of waveguide shows that critical angle increases greater than the resonance angle with increasing of cover refractive index, which limits the detection range of waveguide. To overcome this limitation, proposed waveguide applies a potential on the PMN‐PT adlayer. Although a sensitivity of 105.42 degree/RIU was achieved at 70 Volts in testing the proposed waveguide, it was found that the optimal performance parameters were obtained at 60 Volts. At this voltage, the waveguide demonstrated detection range 1.3330–1.5030, a detection accuracy 2393.33, and a figure of merit 2243.59 RIU−1, which enabled the detection of the entire range of the targeted cancer cells. Therefore, it is recommended to apply a potential of 60 Volts to achieve the best performance from the proposed waveguide.
Investigating earnings management practices and the role of the board and committees in emerging markets: Evidence from Malaysian public companies
Authors: Nuhu Muhammad Shaheer , Ahmad Zauwiyah , Zhee Lim Ying 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study was aims to examine the significant elements of the audit and board committee in predicting earnings management (EM) for the period of 2010–2021. The study population comprised total number of 775 listed firms on Bursa Malaysia's main market. The annual audited financial statements and reports of the listed firms, firm's websites, Bloomberg and the Bursa Malaysia website were used as method of data collection. The analytical method used in the current study was descriptive statistic and GLS methods of panel regression. The findings of this study suggested that firms with effective CG mechanisms such as, audit committee size (AUDSIZ), audit committee financial expertise (AUDFEXPT), remuneration and nomination committee (R&NC), supervisory board size (SBS), mitigates accrual, and REM. However, the findings also indicated that gender composition (CGEND) were found to be ineffective in predicting EM.
The role of synoptic eddies on remote response of Eurasian atmosphere to the tropical forcing associated with 2021/2022 winter
Authors: Tan Guirong , Fei Qiming , Ren Hong‐Li , Yu Miao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the role of eddy feedback in the formation and excitation of stream function anomaly pattern over Eurasian atmosphere (SFA) during 2021/2022 December–February (DJF) season is examined in terms of a low‐order linear model with a synoptic eddy and low frequency (SELF) feedback empirical closure onto the empirical orthogonal function decomposition bases (EOF‐bases). The results show that the SFA can be produced roughly and the SELF feedback plays important role in shaping the SFA during 2021/2022 DJF over Eurasian atmosphere. The SFA can be produced roughly owing to the internal action of the linear dynamical system. However, the importance of the external forcing on the formation of SFA depends on the role of the eddy feedback to a different degree. For the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO)‐like pattern with the wave train at high latitudes, the external forcing in the tropical Atlantic contributes greater with eddy feedback. While for the wave train at lower latitudes, the forcing will have little influence with the increase of the SELF feedback. A set of experiments with isolated forcing show that the forcing over tropical Atlantic Ocean can induce the wave train patterns alike the SFA, but the forcing to the east over South Asian to western Indian Ocean also contributes for shaping the SFA, especially the anomalous cyclone over Tibetan Plateau (TP). The combined effects of the response to both the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the eastern forcing over South Asian to western Indian Ocean contributes much to the formation of the two wave trains over Eurasia, thereby a negative stream function centre over TP, which might be the main cause for the excessive DJF rainfall over South China during 2021/2022. The diagnosis of the role of synoptic eddy on the atmospheric response to the external forcing for specific events can be helpful for understanding the causes for the formation of extreme climate events deeply.
Value of needle confocal laser microendoscopy combined with endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph node lesions
Authors: Zuo Cui‐Yun , Xue Ke‐Ying , Wu Xue‐Mei , Lin Lian‐Cheng , Luo Bing‐Qing , Chen Zhi‐De , Lin Yan‐Li , Tian Xiao‐Qin , Ke Ming‐Yao 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEndobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy (EBUS) and needle confocal laser endomicroscopy (nCLE) are techniques for screening benign and malignant lesions of the hilar and mediastinal lymph node (HMLN). This study investigated the diagnostic potential of EBUS, nCLE, and combined EBUS and nCLE in HMLN lesions. We recruited 107 patients with HMLN lesions who were examined by EBUS and nCLE. A pathological examination was performed, and the diagnostic potential of EBUS, nCLE, and combined EBUS‐nCLE approach was analyzed according to the results. Among the 107 cases of HMLN lesions, 43 cases were benign and 64 cases were malignant on pathological examination, 41 cases were benign and 66 cases were malignant on EBUS examination; 42 cases were benign and 65 cases were malignant on nCLE examination; 43 cases were benign and 64 cases were malignant on combined EBUS‐nCLE examination. The combination approach had 93.8% sensitivity, 90.7% specificity, and 0.922 area under the curve, which was higher than those of EBUS (84.4%, 72.1%, and 0.782, respectively) and nCLE diagnosis (90.6%, 83.7%, and 0.872, respectively). The combination approach had a higher positive predictive value (0.908), negative predictive value (0.881), and positive likelihood ratio (10.09) than that of EBUS (0.813, 0.721, and 3.03, respectively) and nCLE (0.892, 0.857, and 5.56, respectively), whereas, the negative likelihood ratio was lower than that for EBUS (0.22) and nCLE (0.11). No serious complications occurred in patients with HMLN lesions. To summarize, the diagnostic efficacy of nCLE was better than EBUS. The EBUS‐nCLE combination is a suitable approach for diagnosing HMLN lesions.
The role of dead ice in transforming glacier forelands under the rapid climate warming of recent decades, OscarIILand, Svalbard
Authors: Błaszkiewicz Mirosław , Andrzejewski Leon , Dudek Justyna , Sobota Ireneusz , Czarnecki Kamil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rapid climate changes of recent decades are causing rapid glacier recession in the high Arctic and the loss of large patches and blocks of dead ice. Their temporally differentiated melting is very significantly transforming the relief of marginal zones, creating dead‐ice landscapes. The article focuses on dead‐ice degradation processes in the forelands of two glaciers (Erikkabreen and Haakenbreen) on Oscar II Land in Spitsbergen. Detailed in‐field geomorphological mappings have been conducted twice (in 1989 and 2022) in the two glaciers' forelands. These were combined with analysis of available photogrammetry and Digital Elevation Models, allowing the authors to describe the dynamics of dead‐ice melting processes within various landforms and the effect of those processes on the forms' ultimate morphology. This provided a broad view of the trajectory of melt processes depending on local geomorphological and hydrological conditions. Particular attention was paid to the interactions between the evolution of permafrost and the course of melting of dead ice. In light of the highly dynamic thermokarst processes in the forelands of Svalbard glaciers, the term ‘dead‐ice‐rich permafrost’ is proposed. It was found that global climate changes are increasing the role of dead ice in transforming the relief of glacier forelands, thereby increasing the occurrence of dead‐ice landscapes. The conclusions confirmed those for other contemporary glaciation areas and may significantly help in interpreting the morphogenesis of glacial relief formed during past continental glaciations.
Dislocation Suppresses Sidewall‐Surface Recombination of Micro‐LEDs
Authors: Park Jeong‐Hwan , Pristovsek Markus , Cai Wentao , Cheong Heajeong , Kang Chang‐Mo , Lee Dong‐Seon , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNonradiative recombination rate that consists of dislocation‐related nonradiative recombination rate (A0) and surface recombination rate (As) is one of the major parameters determining the performance of microlight‐emitting diodes (µLEDs). Recent demonstrations improving the efficiency of blue InGaN or red AlGaInP µLEDs using specific methods such as atomic layer deposition or chemical treatment confirm the suppression of As. However, it is hardly found that those methods effectively improve the efficiency of red InGaN µLEDs so far. Here, it is discovered that the dislocation leads to an ineffective As. First, an intrinsic As degrades the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of blue InGaN µLEDs, resulting in EQE decreases with shrinking size. Second, panchromatic cathodoluminescence finds evidence that most of the carriers can be trapped before reaching the sidewall due to high A0. This results in shortened diffusion length of carriers and reduces the number of carriers reaching the sidewall. Consequently, the opposite trend of increasing EQE with shrinking size occurs in the case of red InGaN µLEDs due to an ineffective As. Furthermore, an 8.3 nm quantum well of InGaN with 13% Indium content that can reach a ≈690 nm wavelength at the low current is shown.
Effect of Grafted Spiropyran on the Solubility and Film Properties of Photochromic Amylose
Authors: Barsi David , Buratti Elena , Tarantino Antonio , Dinelli Franco , Castelvetro Valter , Bertoldo Monica 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFour photochromic spiropyran‐amylose (ASP) biobased polymers with different spiropyran (SP) grafting density, DS, ASP10 (DS = 0.12), ASP40 and ASP40PA60 (DS = 0.40), and ASP100 (DS = 0.97), are synthesized through azide‐alkyne cycloaddition of an alkynyl‐functional SP derivative onto C6‐azidated‐amylose (AN3), where the unconverted azide in ASP40PA60, ASP100, and the AN3 precursor are quenched by clicking with propargyl alcohol (PA). All ASPs are poorly soluble in trifluoroethanol, ethanol, and water but soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N‐dimethylformamide, and hexafluoroisopropanol irrespective of UV irradiation, switching reversibly the grafted SP into zwitterionic merocyanine (MC). Only ASP10 and ASP40 are slightly soluble in the low polarity tetrahydrofuran, with ASP40 showing a marked photochromism and reduction of solubility on SP→MC switching. The photochromism in solution is preserved in the solid state, although with significant differences between the still relatively fast SP→MC photoisomerization and the much slower thermal retro‐isomerization. The dynamics of both processes, evaluated in a thin spin–coated ASP100 film and a thicker ASP40 photoswitchable coating on glass and paper, is more clearly affected than in solution by the grafting density. Switching the nearly apolar SP into the zwitterionic MC does not significantly affect wettability of the slightly hydrophobic ASP40 coating.