bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution and 13C Signature of Dicarboxylic Acids and Related Compounds in Fine Aerosols Near Underground Coal Fires in North China: Implications for Fossil Origin of Azelaic Acid
Authors: Xu Zhanjie , Zhao Xiaomai , Li Peisen , Dong Zhichao , Sun Ruoyu , Fu Pingqing , Pavuluri Chandra Mouli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo understand the characteristics of chemical components and dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids and α‐dicarbonyls in atmospheric aerosols at underground coal fire environment, we collected fine aerosols (PM2.5) from Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, North China, where the underground coal fire often occurs. PM2.5 samples were analyzed for the measurements of carbonaceous components, stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of total carbon, and molecular distribution and compound‐specific δ13C of diacids, oxoacids and α‐dicarbonyls. Oxalic acid (C2) was the most abundant species, accounting for 43.2%–63.1% (avg. 50.8%) of total diacids, followed by phthalic acid (Ph) (13.7%). Azelaic acid (C9) was the third most (7.4%) abundant, followed by succinic (C4) and malonic (C3) acids. Significant correlations of C2 diacid with glyoxylic (ωC2) and 3‐oxopropanoic (ωC3) acids and C3 diacid and their δ13C implied that diacids and related compounds were mainly derived from the underground coal fire emissions and subsequent in situ secondary formation. Based on molecular distribution, seasonal pattern and linear relations of C9 diacid with C2, C3, ωC2 and ωC3 as well as with Ph acid and total diacids, together with the comparability and similarity of its δ13C (−27.0 ± 0.9‰) with that of Ph acid and organic matter in coals, respectively, we found that the C9 diacid has been mainly derived from its precursors such as unsaturated fatty acids emitted from underground coal fires and their subsequent in situ photochemical oxidation. However, further research is needed to confirm such an importance of coal combustion for azelaic acid loading in atmospheric aerosols.
Morphodynamic Modeling of Tidal Basins: The Role of Sand‐Mud Interaction
Authors: Colina Alonso A. , van Maren D. S. , van Weerdenburg R. J. A. , Huismans Y. , Wang Z. B. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe morphology of tide‐dominated systems is progressively influenced by human activities and climate change. Quantitative approaches aiming at understanding or forecasting the effects of interventions and climate change are often aggregated, thereby simplifying or schematizing the investigated area. In this work, we advance on the knowledge of sediment transport processes shaping tidal systems and on methodologies translating schematized model output into physically realistic variables. In terms of improved physics, we systematically evaluate the influence of sand‐mud interaction processes. Most tidal systems are shaped by a mixture of sand and mud. Morphological models typically compute transport of sand and mud independently, despite studies clearly demonstrating that their physical behavior is mutually dependent. We investigate the effects of two interaction mechanisms (erosion interaction and roughness interaction, applied with varying mud erodibility) with a schematized process‐based morphodynamic model. We convert model output into metrics that describe the meso‐scale configuration of the modeled systems, allowing a quantitative comparison of scenarios. Modeled patterns and intertidal flat shape, size and composition widely vary with mud erodibility settings, but equally depend on the evaluated sand‐mud interaction mechanisms (with erosion interaction having a larger effect than roughness interaction). Sand‐mud interaction thus needs to be accounted for from a physical point of view, but also to improve predictions of tidal basin evolution models, particularly the (bimodally distributed) sediment composition of intertidal flats.
Polarimetric Radar Observations of Biological Scatterers in the Eye of Typhoon Lekima (2019)
Authors: Huang Kehui , Huang Hao , Gu Tiecheng , Wang Bo , Lou Chengwu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTropical cyclones not only cause strong winds and heavy rainfall, but they can also facilitate the transport of birds and insects from tropical regions to areas along their paths. Before super Typhoon Lekima made landfall in 2019, an operational polarimetric radar in Wenzhou City observed biological scatterers in the typhoon's eye. These scatterers were likely birds and insects that were trapped in the calm center of the typhoon by strong winds and heavy rain. The polarimetric variables of these biological scatterers had specific characteristics: low reflectivity factor (ZH) values with a median of 7.5 dBZ, low cross‐correlation coefficient (ρhv) values with a median of 0.65, large differential reflectivity (ZDR) values with a median of 2.8 dB and a maximum of ∼7.8 dB, and widely‐distributed differential phase (ΦDP) values with 25th and 75th percentiles ranging from 1.8° to 36.0° and a median of 20.1°. When the edge of the eye reached the coastline, the birds and insects landed, with the biological scatterer signature changing from a circular shape to a band shape. We further compared Lekima with Atlantic Hurricane Irene which happened in 2011, and both storms had similar polarimetric characteristics contributed by both birds and insects. However, the biological echoes in Lekima better exhibited the characteristics of birds with a larger proportion of samples with ZDR lower than 5 dB as well as large ΦDP and low ρhv values. This finding could help to understand the role of typhoons in driving biological migration between oceans and/or islands and continents.
Local Topography and Streambed Hydraulic Conductivity Influence Riparian Groundwater Age and Groundwater‐Surface Water Connection
Authors: Warix S. R. , Navarre‐Sitchler A. , Manning A. H. , Singha K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe western U.S. is experiencing increasing rain to snow ratios due to climate change, and scientists are uncertain how changing recharge patterns will affect future groundwater‐surface water connection. We examined how watershed topography and streambed hydraulic conductivity impact groundwater age and stream discharge at eight sites along a headwater stream within the Manitou Experimental Forest, CO USA. To do so, we measured: (a) continuous stream and groundwater discharge/level and specific conductivity from April to November 2021; (b) biweekly stream and groundwater chemistry; (c) groundwater chlorofluorocarbons and tritium in spring and fall; (d) streambed hydraulic conductivity; and (e) local slope. We used the chemistry data to calculate fluorite saturation states that were used to inform end‐member mixing analysis of streamflow source. We then combined chlorofluorocarbon and tritium data to estimate the age composition of riparian groundwater. Our data suggest that future stream drying is more probable where local slope is steep and streambed hydraulic conductivity is high. In these areas, groundwater source shifted seasonally, as indicated by age increases, and we observed a high fraction of groundwater in streamflow, primarily interflow from adjacent hillslopes. In contrast, where local slope is flat and streambed hydraulic conductivity is low, streamflow is more likely to persist as groundwater age was seasonally constant and buffered by storage in alluvial sediments. Groundwater age and streamflow paired with characterization of watershed topography and subsurface characteristics enabled identification of likely controls on future stream drying patterns.
Grip strength positively correlates with blood pressure in individuals with abnormal adiposity
Authors: Pratt Jedd , Paolocci Nazareno , Boreham Colin , De Vito Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlthough strong positive correlations exist between grip strength and cardiovascular health, the association between grip strength and blood pressure (BP) is less clear. In this regard, a more precise relationship between grip strength and BP may be revealed by considering adiposity. We examined the association between grip strength and BP in 9424 individuals aged 18–92 years, while controlling for or stratifying by body mass index (BMI) or body fat (BF)%. Grip strength, BP and BF% were determined using dynamometry, sphygmomanometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Overall, those with elevated BP had greater grip strength than those with normal BP (39.17 kg vs 38.38 kg, p < 0.001); however, following stratification this was only observed in overweight or obese individuals (42.08 kg vs 41.10 kg, p = 0.003 and 41.34 kg vs 40.03 kg, p = 0.033), and those within the highest BF% tertile (37.95 kg vs 36.52 kg, p < 0.001). Overall, higher grip strength was associated with an increased odds for elevated BP (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 1.004–1.024, p = 0.004); however, after stratification the increased odds was only observed in overweight or obese individuals (OR = 1.025, 95% CI = 1.010–1.039, p < 0.001 and OR = 1.018, 95% CI = 1.004–1.031, p = 0.010), and those within the highest BF% tertile (OR = 1.036, 95% CI = 1.022–1.051, p < 0.001). Individuals with low grip strength and high BF% had lower odds for elevated BP (OR = 0.514, 95% CI = 0.341–0.775, p = 0.002), whereas those with low grip strength and low BF% had higher odds for elevated BP (OR = 2.162, 95% CI = 1.026–4.555, p = 0.043). Our findings show that higher grip strength is related to higher BP in overweight or obese individuals, or those with a high BF%. Having a BMI < 25 kg/m2 or lower BF% may neutralise this association.
FBXO21 mediated degradation of p85α regulates proliferation and survival of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Dobish Kasidy K. , Wittorf Karli J. , Swenson Samantha A. , Bean Dalton C. , Gavile Catherine M. , Woods Nicholas T. , Ghosal Gargi , Hyde R. Katherine , Buckley Shannon M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in the bone marrow (BM). Despite advances in therapy, the prognosis for AML patients remains poor, and there is a need to identify novel molecular pathways regulating tumor cell survival and proliferation. F-box ubiquitin E3 ligase, FBXO21, has low expression in AML, but expression correlates with survival in AML patients and patients with higher expression have poorer outcomes. Silencing FBXO21 in human-derived AML cell lines and primary patient samples leads to differentiation, inhibition of tumor progression, and sensitization to chemotherapy agents. Additionally, knockdown of FBXO21 leads to up-regulation of cytokine signaling pathways. Through a mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of FBXO21 in AML, we identified that FBXO21 ubiquitylates p85α, a regulatory subunit of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, for degradation resulting in decreased PI3K signaling, dimerization of free p85α and ERK activation. These findings reveal the ubiquitin E3 ligase, FBXO21, plays a critical role in regulating AML pathogenesis, specifically through alterations in PI3K via regulation of p85α protein stability.
Quantized resistance revealed at the criticality of the quantum anomalous Hall phase transitions
Authors: Deng Peng , Zhang Peng , Eckberg Christopher , Chong Su Kong , Yin Gen , Emmanouilidou Eve , Che Xiaoyu , Ni Ni , Wang Kang L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn multilayered magnetic topological insulator structures, magnetization reversal processes can drive topological phase transitions between quantum anomalous Hall, axion insulator, and normal insulator states. Here we report an examination of the critical behavior of two such transitions: the quantum anomalous Hall to normal insulator (QAH-NI), and quantum anomalous Hall to axion insulator (QAH-AXI) transitions. By introducing a new analysis protocol wherein temperature dependent variations in the magnetic coercivity are accounted for, the critical behavior of the QAH-NI and QAH-AXI transitions are evaluated over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field. Despite the uniqueness of these different transitions, quantized longitudinal resistance and Hall conductance are observed at criticality in both cases. Furthermore, critical exponents were extracted for QAH-AXI transitions occurring at magnetization reversals of two different magnetic layers. The observation of consistent critical exponents and resistances in each case, independent of the magnetic layer details, demonstrates critical behaviors in quantum anomalous Hall transitions to be of electronic rather than magnetic origin. Our finding offers a new avenue for studies of phase transition and criticality in QAH insulators.
The relationship between geographic range size and rates of species diversification
Authors: Smyčka Jan , Toszogyova Anna , Storch David 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRange size is a universal characteristic of every biological species, and is often assumed to affect diversification rate. There are strong theoretical arguments that large-ranged species should have higher rates of diversification. On the other hand, the observation that small-ranged species are often phylogenetically clustered might indicate high diversification of small-ranged species. This discrepancy between theory and the data may be caused by the fact that typical methods of data analysis do not account for range size changes during speciation. Here we use a cladogenetic state-dependent diversification model applied to mammals to show that range size changes during speciation are ubiquitous and small-ranged species indeed diversify generally slower, as theoretically expected. However, both range size and diversification are strongly influenced by idiosyncratic and spatially localized events, such as colonization of an archipelago or a mountain system, which often override the general pattern of range size evolution.
A Bischler-Napieralski and homo-Mannich sequence enables diversified syntheses of sarpagine alkaloids and analogues
Authors: Qiu Hanyue , Fei Xinghai , Yang Jiaojiao , Qiao Zhen , Yuan Shan , Zhang Hu , He Ling , Zhang Min 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSarpagine alkaloids offer signicant opportunities in drug discovery, yet the efficient total syntheses and diverse structural modifications of these natural products remain highly challenging due to the architectural complexity. Here we show a homo-Mannich reaction of cyclopropanol with imines generated via a Bischler-Napieralski reaction enables a protecting-group-free, redox economic, four-step access to the tetracyclic sarpagine core from L-tryptophan esters. Based on this advancement, diversified syntheses of sarpagine alkaloids and analogues are achieved in a short synthetic route. The systematic anticancer evaluation indicates that natural products vellosimine and Na-methyl vellosimine possess modest anticancer activity. Intensive structural optimization of these lead molecules and exploration of the structure−activity relationship lead to the identification of analogue 15ai with an allene unit showing a tenfold improvement in anticancer activities. Further mechanism studies indicate compound 15ai exertes antiproliferation effects by inducing ferroptosis, which is an appealing non-apoptotic cell death form that may provide new solutions in future cancer therapies.
An anisotropic van der Waals dielectric for symmetry engineering in functionalized heterointerfaces
Authors: Li Zeya , Huang Junwei , Zhou Ling , Xu Zian , Qin Feng , Chen Peng , Sun Xiaojun , Liu Gan , Sui Chengqi , Qiu Caiyu , Lu Yangfan , Gou Huiyang , Xi Xiaoxiang , Ideue Toshiya , Tang Peizhe , Iwasa Yoshihiro , Yuan Hongtao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVan der Waals dielectrics are fundamental materials for condensed matter physics and advanced electronic applications. Most dielectrics host isotropic structures in crystalline or amorphous forms, and only a few studies have considered the role of anisotropic crystal symmetry in dielectrics as a delicate way to tune electronic properties of channel materials. Here, we demonstrate a layered anisotropic dielectric, SiP2, with non-symmorphic twofold-rotational C2 symmetry as a gate medium which can break the original threefold-rotational C3 symmetry of MoS2 to achieve unexpected linearly-polarized photoluminescence and anisotropic second harmonic generation at SiP2/MoS2 interfaces. In contrast to the isotropic behavior of pristine MoS2, a large conductance anisotropy with an anisotropy index up to 1000 can be achieved and modulated in SiP2-gated MoS2 transistors. Theoretical calculations reveal that the anisotropic moiré potential at such interfaces is responsible for the giant anisotropic conductance and optical response. Our results provide a strategy for generating exotic functionalities at dielectric/semiconductor interfaces via symmetry engineering.
NEUROD1 reinforces endocrine cell fate acquisition in pancreatic development
Authors: Bohuslavova Romana , Fabriciova Valeria , Smolik Ondrej , Lebrón-Mora Laura , Abaffy Pavel , Benesova Sarka , Zucha Daniel , Valihrach Lukas , Berkova Zuzana , Saudek Frantisek , Pavlinkova Gabriela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNEUROD1 is a transcription factor that helps maintain a mature phenotype of pancreatic β cells. Disruption ofNeurod1during pancreatic development causes severe neonatal diabetes; however, the exact role of NEUROD1 in the differentiation programs of endocrine cells is unknown. Here, we report a crucial role of the NEUROD1 regulatory network in endocrine lineage commitment and differentiation. Mechanistically, transcriptome and chromatin landscape analyses demonstrate thatNeurod1inactivation triggers a downregulation of endocrine differentiation transcription factors and upregulation of non-endocrine genes within theNeurod1-deficient endocrine cell population, disturbing endocrine identity acquisition.Neurod1deficiency altered the H3K27me3 histone modification pattern in promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, which resulted in gene regulatory network changes in the differentiation pathway of endocrine cells, compromising endocrine cell potential, differentiation, and functional properties.
High-dose alkylating chemotherapy in BRCA-altered triple-negative breast cancer: the randomized phase III NeoTN trial
Authors: Vliek Sonja , Hilbers Florentine S. , van Werkhoven Erik , Mandjes Ingrid , Kessels Rob , Kleiterp Sieta , Lips Esther H. , Mulder Lennart , Kayembe Mutamba T. , Loo Claudette E. , Russell Nicola S. , Vrancken Peeters Marie-Jeanne T. F. D. , Holtkamp Marjo J. , Schot Margaret , Baars Joke W. , Honkoop Aafke H. , Vulink Annelie J. E. , Imholz Alex L. T. , Vrijaldenhoven Suzan , van den Berkmortel Franchette W. P. J. , Meerum Terwogt Jetske M. , Schrama Jolanda G. , Kuijer Philomeen , Kroep Judith R. , van der Padt-Pruijsten Annemieke , Wesseling Jelle , Sonke Gabe S. , Gilhuijs Kenneth G. A. , Jager Agnes , Nederlof Petra , Linn Sabine C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExploratory analyses of high-dose alkylating chemotherapy trials have suggested that BRCA1 or BRCA2-pathway altered (BRCA-altered) breast cancer might be particularly sensitive to this type of treatment. In this study, patients with BRCA-altered tumors who had received three initial courses of dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (ddAC), were randomized between a fourth ddAC course followed by high-dose carboplatin-thiotepa-cyclophosphamide or conventional chemotherapy (initially ddAC only or ddAC-capecitabine/decetaxel [CD] depending on MRI response, after amendment ddAC-carboplatin/paclitaxel [CP] for everyone). The primary endpoint was the neoadjuvant response index (NRI). Secondary endpoints included recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In total, 122 patients were randomized. No difference in NRI-score distribution (p = 0.41) was found. A statistically non-significant RFS difference was found (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.23–1.25; p = 0.15). Exploratory RFS analyses showed benefit in stage III (n = 35; HR 0.16; 95% CI 0.03–0.75), but not stage II (n = 86; HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.30–3.30) patients. For stage III, 4-year RFS was 46% (95% CI 24–87%), 71% (95% CI 48–100%) and 88% (95% CI 74–100%), for ddAC/ddAC-CD, ddAC-CP and high-dose chemotherapy, respectively. No significant differences were found between high-dose and conventional chemotherapy in stage II-III, triple-negative, BRCA-altered breast cancer patients. Further research is needed to establish if there are patients with stage III, triple negative BRCA-altered breast cancer for whom outcomes can be improved with high-dose alkylating chemotherapy or whether the current standard neoadjuvant therapy including carboplatin and an immune checkpoint inhibitor is sufficient. Trial Registration: NCT01057069.
Opposing roles for TGFβ- and BMP-signaling during nascent alveolar differentiation in the developing human lung
Authors: Frum Tristan , Hsu Peggy P. , Hein Renee F. C. , Conchola Ansley S. , Zhang Charles J. , Utter Olivia R. , Anand Abhinav , Zhang Yi , Clark Sydney G. , Glass Ian , Sexton Jonathan Z. , Spence Jason R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlveolar type 2 (AT2) cells function as stem cells in the adult lung and aid in repair after injury. The current study aimed to understand the signaling events that control differentiation of this therapeutically relevant cell type during human development. Using lung explant and organoid models, we identified opposing effects of TGFβ- and BMP-signaling, where inhibition of TGFβ- and activation of BMP-signaling in the context of high WNT- and FGF-signaling efficiently differentiated early lung progenitors into AT2-like cells in vitro. AT2-like cells differentiated in this manner exhibit surfactant processing and secretion capabilities, and long-term commitment to a mature AT2 phenotype when expanded in media optimized for primary AT2 culture. Comparing AT2-like cells differentiated with TGFβ-inhibition and BMP-activation to alternative differentiation approaches revealed improved specificity to the AT2 lineage and reduced off-target cell types. These findings reveal opposing roles for TGFβ- and BMP-signaling in AT2 differentiation and provide a new strategy to generate a therapeutically relevant cell type in vitro.
Nutrient footprint versus EPA + DHA security in land-locked regions—more of local pond farmed, imported marine fish or fish oil capsules?
Authors: Roy Koushik , Dvorak Petr , Machova Zdenka , Mraz Jan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEPA + DHA intake in land-locked central Europe (CE) is barely fulfilled. Imported marine fish/farmed salmonids are likely the backbone of an ailing EPA + DHA security. Supplementing with captured marine fish oil capsules (~0.5 g up to 1.6 g CO2-eq. mg EPA + DHA−1) could be comparable in GHG emissions with fish consumption itself (~1 g to as low as 0.6 g CO2-eq. mg EPA + DHA−1). But synergistic benefits of EPA + DHA intake by consuming fish protein need consideration too. Taking semi-intensive pond carp and intensively farmed salmon as models, we analyzed footprint, eco-services, and resource use efficiency perspectives of achieving EPA + DHA security in a CE region. Despite a lower production footprint, pond-farmed fish greatly lag in EPA + DHA supply (carp 101–181 mg 100 g−1 < salmon 750–1300 mg 100 g−1). It doubles-to-quadruples footprint ‘per mg’ of EPA + DHA: nitrogen (carp 18.3 > salmon 8.7 mg N), phosphorus (carp 6.8 > salmon 1.6 mg P), and climate change (carp 1.84 > salmon 0.8 g CO2-eq.). With enhancements in pond carp (>300 mg EPA + DHA 100 g−1), these differences may cease to exist. Harnessing EPA + DHA bioaccumulation pathways active in ponds, finishing feeding strategies, and polyculture, the EPA + DHA content in pond fish may be increased. Ecosystem services with EPA + DHA mining from pond food web or high EPA + DHA output-to-input ratio (pond carp 1–200 > RAS salmon 0.75) make ponds an eco-efficient system. As fish consumption in CE must improve, pond-farmed fish would be needed to complement (but not substitute) salmonid/marine fish/oil capsules consumption. Achieving EPA + DHA security with minimum pressure on the environment or global resources.