bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The European Council of Legal and Forensic Medicine: its role and work in progressing harmonised standards and recommendations in Forensic and Legal Medicine investigation procedures, training and teaching through pursuit of internationally agreed and peer-reviewed published guidelines
Authors: Cusack Denis A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Specialists and Practitioners in Forensic Medicine and Pathology have onerous duties and obligations in the examination of both the dead and living victims of alleged criminal assault and injury and in the examination of the alleged perpetrators of criminal actions. Forensic physicians and pathologists work in close collaboration with scientific colleagues and law enforcement agencies and present their independent and unbiased findings to the criminal, civil and coronial courts to assist in the administration of justice. Approved and established forensic standards for reporting and certifying investigations and conclusions are core prerequisites for the maintenance of evidential credibility and scrutiny and of justice. Judges, Investigating Magistrates, Coroners and Prosecution and Defence Lawyers as well as Government Departments of Justice and Health are recipients of such expert reports and testimony in framing their respective tasks for society within their countries’ legal frameworks. The European Council of Legal and Forensic Medicine has published collaborative papers on international standards and guidelines for forensic examinations by forensic physicians and pathologists of deaths and injuries in the areas of accreditation of pathology services; on-site scene and corpse investigation; examination of victims of sexual assault and of elder abuse; and also in undergraduate and postgraduate forensic teaching and training, in pursuit of international harmonisation.
Specific contribution of cognitive and motor impairments with functional capacity and dependence in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Gil-Salcedo Andres , Lunven Marine , Jacquemot Charlotte , Massart Renaud , Bachoud-Levi Anne-Catherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Huntington’s disease (HD) leads to increasing dependence. Unlike psychiatric disorders, motor and cognitive deficits evolve progressively over time. Understanding their specific impact on daily activities is crucial for preserving autonomy. However, because cognitive tasks in HD rely on motor functions, and motor tasks demand cognitive processing, disentangling their specific impact remains a challenge.

Objective
To identify the specific contribution of cognitive and motor impairments on global functional capacity, basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL/IADL), and work-related activities (WRA) in HD.

Methods
158 HD mutation carriers, enrolled in the BioHD (NCT01412125) and RepairHD (NCT03119246) studies, were evaluated with the Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale and the SelfCog. The SelfCog assesses motor processing separately from memory, language, executive functions and visuospatial processing. Linear regressions were fitted to assess how functional capacity declined with motor and cognition impairments. Odds of dependence in ADLs, IADLs and WRAs were estimated using logistic regressions.

Results
Cognitive and motor performance were independently associated with functional capacities, though motor performance showed a stronger association than cognitive performance. Decline of all SelfCog cognitive domains contributed to functional decline, with stronger association with global and executive scores compared to language, visuospatial, and memory domains. Higher global and executive deficits were associated with an increased risk of dependence in ADLs, IADLs, and WRAs.

Conclusion
The independent contributions of motor, followed by cognitive—mainly executive—functions to functional decline suggest targeted interventions to preserve autonomy and quality of life in HD.
Prognostic determinants in surgical critial patients undergoing emergency surgery for Stage III or higher colorectal cancer
Authors: Kim Hyun Ho , Hwang Sanguk , Cho Jinbeom 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Emergency surgery in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with elevated mortality and morbidity compared to elective operations. This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing both short and long term outcomes in emergent CRC operations, particularly in critically ill patients.

Method
This single center retrospective analysis focuses on patients with stage III or higher CRC who underwent emergency surgery and were admitted to the intensive care unit postoperatively.

Results
Among 64 patients, 46 presented with generalized peritonitis due to free perforation. Non-survivors at 90 days had a higher incidence of preoperative shock (53.3% vs. 4.1%, P = 0.000), elevated perioperative Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores (P = 0.000; P = 0.013), and fewer retrieved lymph nodes (LN) (P = 0.010). Multivariate analysis identified LNs retrieval as a significant predictor of 90-day mortality (AUC = 0.727). For overall survival, younger age, lower American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status, absence of metastasis, adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx), and lower LN ratio (LNR) were associated with improved outcomes. Multivariate analysis showed ASA physical status and adjuvant CTx as significant predictors. In predicting 3-year recurrence (51% of patients), the Random Forest model achieved 65% accuracy. Age and LNR were major predictors, with 0.01 unit increase in LNR raising recurrence risk by 1.025-fold and each additional year of age by 1.035-fold.

Conclusion
The number of retrieved LNs was identified as a predictor of 90 day survival, ASA physical status and adjuvant CTx were identified as prognostic factors for overall survival, and age and the LNR were found to be predictors of disease recurrence within three years.
Large deformation analysis of sandwich beams using compound $$C^1$$ continuous finite element approximation
Authors: Vetyukov Yury , Razgordanisharahi Ali 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A novel computational framework for the geometrically nonlinear elastic response of sandwich rods, plates and shells is proposed and investigated in the context of statics of a straight sandwich beam. Particular attention is paid to the local effects associated with thickness deformation. Modeling the face sheets as geometrically exact 1D rods with bending and tension/compression, and the soft core as a 2D continuum at plane stress, is efficient with the

$$C^1$$

C
1

continuous approximation of displacements using the corresponding bonding conditions. The benchmark problems include bending of the sandwich beam under distributed loading and under the action of a concentrated force, buckling under compression, and local wrinkling analysis at force bending. The mesh convergence of the numerical model is established, and the solutions are validated for a wide range of core stiffness against other reference results obtained with commercial finite element software as well as against analytical results available in the literature.
A retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of the dental status and needs of patients taking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists
Authors: Raucci Alexander , France Katherine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
There is growing literature related to the dental effects of biologic agents. However, little research has evaluated the dental needs of these patients and limited data is available on patients taking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists.

Materials and methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed patients taking VEGF antagonists and their respective dental treatments from 2017 to 2023. Patient demographics, decayed, missing, and filled tooth (DMFT) status, and treatment details were recorded and evaluated descriptively. DMFT from this population was compared to patients taking other biologic agents using t-tests.

Results
Twenty-three patients taking VEGF antagonists received dental treatment. Periodontal treatments were the most common (n = 18, 78%), followed by restorative treatments (n = 17, 74%). DMFT data for patients taking VEGF antagonists were not significantly different than values for patients taking other biologic agents, except for patients taking TNF-α Inhibitors, who had significantly fewer missing teeth than patients taking VEGF antagonists (3.88 vs. 8.10, p = 0.01).

Conclusions
The necessity of dental treatment in patients taking VEGF Antagonists is still unknown. Periodontal and restorative treatments were the most common modalities with no complications observed from treatment. While preventive periodontal treatment is routinely recommended, high usage of targeted periodontal and restorative treatments is seen in this population.

Clinical relevance
Minimal evidence exists to date on the delivery of and need for routine dental treatment among patients taking VEGF antagonists. This paper presents a first estimate of dental needs in this population.
Fracture resistance of endocrowns made from different CAD/CAM materials after prolonged fatigue aging
Authors: Dinçtürk B Arslandaş , Garoushi Sufyan , Alp C Kedici , PK Vallittu , MB Üçtaşlı , Lassila L 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endocrowns made of experimental short fiber-reinforced CAD/CAM block (SFRC CAD) in comparison with different commercial CAD/CAM materials.

Materials and methods
In this study, 60 sound mandibular molar teeth with similar occlusal sizes (± 1 mm) were used. Standard preparations simulating an endocrown cavity were prepared and the teeth were divided into four groups randomly. After the digital photoimpression of the prepared cavities using a dental intraoral scanner (CEREC), the restorations were designed (4 mm high) and milled using IPS e.max, Cerasmart 270, Katana Avencia and SFRC CAD blocks (n = 15/per group). Restorations were cemented with self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (G-Cem One). The specimens were immersed in a 37 °C water bath within the chewing simulator. Following cyclic fatigue aging for 1.000.000 cycles (Fmax=150 N), a quasi-static load was applied using a universal testing machine at a speed of 1 mm/min. Fractography analysis was conducted using optical microscopy.

Results
According to the data obtained, there are statistically significant differences in fracture resistance values between different CAD/CAM materials (p < 0.05). The highest values were observed in the experimental SFRC CAD group (3025 N), while the lowest values were observed in the IPS e.max group (2295 N).

Conclusions
The type of CAD/CAM restorative material influences the fracture resistance of endocrowns. SFRC CAD blocks could potentially serve as an alternative material for endocrown restorations in the future.

Clinical relevance
Endocrowns fabricated from SFRC CAD blocks have demonstrated promising fracture behavior, suggesting their suitability for clinical testing.
Evolutionary drivers of caching behaviour in corvids
Authors: Daw Fran , Beheim Bret A. , Wascher Claudia A. F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Caching has recurrently evolved across a range of animal taxa to withstand fluctuations in food availability and in the context of intraspecific competition. It is widespread in the corvid family, which exhibit considerable interspecific variation in their behavioural and morphological adaptations to caching. However, the evolutionary drivers responsible for this diversity have seldom been explored. The present study systematically reviews the literature on caching behaviour in corvids globally to determine (1) which food caching strategies species have adopted (specialist, generalist or non-cacher) and (2) whether ecological factors affect the occurrence of different strategies, namely (a) climate breadth, (b) trophic niche, (c) habitat breadth, (d) centroid latitude, (e) centroid longitude, (f) breeding system, and (g) body mass. In addition, the ancestral states of caching are reconstructed to assess the evolutionary trajectory of each strategy. Caching strategies were identified in 63 species from 16 genera (out of 128 corvid species and 22 genera). Ancestral state analysis suggested specialist caching as the ancestral state in corvids. Type of caching is associated with distance from equator and by average body mass, with generalist caching concentrated around the equatorial zone and among heavier corvids, while specialist caching occurring more commonly in smaller species found farther from the equator. Although specialist caching most likely was the ancestral state in corvids, both specialist and generalist caching evolved several times independently in the family of corvids. Our results show caching to be widespread in corvids and affected by body size and latitude but ecological factors such as topic niche and habitat breadth and breeding system, not to be strong drivers shaping caching behaviour.
High prevalence and incidence of HSV-2 among people who inject drugs in Hai Phong, Vietnam, and risk factors associated with seroconversion
Authors: D’Ottavi Morgana , Scialabba Ilenia , Huong Duong Thi , Giang Hoang Thi , Khue Pham Minh , Vinh Vu Hai , Vallo Roselyne , Michel Laurent , Rapoud Delphine , Quillet Catherine , Thanh Nham Thi Tuyet , Bouniol Juliette , Oanh Khuat Thi Hai , Feelmyer Jonathan , Perre Philippe Vande , Laureillard Didier , Jarlais Don Des , Nagot Nicolas , Molès Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Genital Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) epidemic is highly active worldwide and can be associated with severe morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HSV-2 infection among a vulnerable population of active heroin injectors in Hai Phong, Vietnam, and identify associated risk factors.

Method
Associations between HSV-2 infection and socio-demographic characteristics and sexual behaviors were explored in a univariable analysis of seroprevalence. Risk factors were defined using a multivariable Poisson regression accounting for time of follow-up.

Results
HSV-2 seroprevalence at baseline was 20.8% [95%CI: 17.8–22.2] for the 1281 men people who inject drugs (PWID), and 67.4% [95%CI: 60.1–74.1] for the 184 women PWID. For HSV-2 incidence, we accumulated a follow-up time of 1156.0 and 85.9 years for men and women, respectively. Standardised incidence rate was 4 [95%CI: 2.2–7.5] and 17.5 [95%CI: 5.7–53.8] infections per 100 person-years for men and women, respectively. Factors independently associated with HSV-2 seroconversion were HIV and injecting drug use for 5–10 years for men, and declared an uncontrolled HIV viral load and the use of street methadone.

Conclusion
High HSV-2 prevalence and incidence among PWID in Hai Phong point out the burden of sexually transmissible infections in this population. Together these results advocate for a reinforcement of HSV-2 care and prevention in this population and identify PWID as future beneficiaries of upcoming therapeutic/prophylactic vaccines.
Shared population trends but no annual synchrony in duck species across Europe and North America
Authors: Messmer David J. , Guillemain Matthieu , Drever Mark C. , Langendoen Tom , Clark Robert G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Few studies have explored population dynamics of species sharing life-history traits and common environmental drivers but living in widely separated regions or continents. Large-scale climate cycles can impact habitats and populations over broad geographic areas and may act as global forces shaping animal population dynamics. We tested for synchronous population dynamics of eight ecologically equivalent duck species in Western Europe (WEU) and central North America (NA) from 1976 to 2019. We investigated the extent to which the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO) may have induced shared climatic conditions on the breeding areas of these populations and whether the index was correlated with duck population dynamics. Evidence of annual and long-term population synchrony was assessed by estimating correlation in annual growth rates and population abundances, respectively. Shared (increasing) long-term trends in WEU and NA were found in four species-pairs, but no species-pair had synchronous population growth on an annual basis. Three species-pairs sharing trends were positively correlated with the AMO index which increased during the study period. Positive cycling of the AMO was correlated with increased temperature and precipitation in breeding areas of both continents, which may have produced favorable conditions (earlier springs, more ponds) for some duck populations. Differences in the local effects of weather on environmental conditions and other continent-specific extrinsic factors may mask annual synchrony in the response of continental populations to climate. Potential links between the AMO trends and extrinsic factors such as shared changes in anthropogenic drivers (e.g., climate and land use change) should be addressed in future studies.
Injecting complexity in simulation models: Do selection and social influence jointly promote cooperation?
Authors: de Matos Fernandes Carlos A. , Flache Andreas , Bakker Dieko M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper employs a simulation model to investigate the effectiveness of cooperation selection (“selecting similar others”) and social influence (“do as others do”), since both mechanisms promote cooperation in theoretical analyses and experimental studies. However, it is unclear how effective cooperation selection and social influence are in simulation models where both mechanisms operate simultaneously alongside additional social dynamics, such as reciprocity and transitivity. This paper relies on a model loosely based on an empirical case in which students selected others based on how cooperative they perceive the other. Using existing theoretical cooperation models as a benchmark, we insert relational, behavioral, and contextual assumptions into our model and build on data from 95 students when we vary the strength of cooperation selection and social influence relative to empirically observed levels. We take co-evolution stochastic actor-oriented models as basis because the model inherently accounts for the interdependence of behavior and network selection. Our simulations reveal that cooperation benefits most when cooperation selection and social influence are strongly positive. Through the combination of cooperation selection and social influence, the simulations show that cooperators form dense local clusters, influencing their peers to keep cooperating while insulating themselves from social influence from defectors. Robustness checks confirm the stability of these findings across diverse parameter configurations.
The Vocational and Educational Index: An Update to the Vocational Index to Reflect Contemporary Postsecondary Educational Options for Autistic Adults
Authors: Taylor Julie Lounds , Carlson Sarah Roberts , DaWalt Leann Smith , Burke Meghan M. , Herbert Grace A. , Mailick Marsha R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Vocational Index, a tool to reliably capture the range of vocational and educational activities in which adults with autism engage, is regularly used in studies of adult outcomes in autism. However, recently it has been noted that there are some activities (primarily postsecondary education options) that were infrequently available when the index was developed and thus are not fully represented in the current categories. The purpose of this report is to describe the process and results of updating the Vocational Index coding categories to reflect this wider range of activities. An iterative process was used to develop updated codes (called the Vocational and Educational Index). The original Vocational Index and updated Vocational and Educational Index codes were applied to a sample of 384 autistic young adults, and differences between original and updated codes were described. The major changes to the codes involved the development of a parallel educational dimension, benchmarked to the vocational dimension in level of integration, supports, and number of hours. Applying original Vocational Index and updated Vocational and Educational Index codes resulted in few differences in the overall distribution of codes but provided additional information about the contribution of vocational versus educational activities to the overall code. Limitations of the Vocational and Educational Index and future directions for research are discussed.
The Role of Family as a Source of Health Information Among College Students
Authors: Cohen Karthika S. , Fallik Dawn , Cappola Anne R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The internet has increasingly become a major source of health information, especially for college-age adults, who spend a significant amount of time online. This article investigates sources used by US college students to acquire health information. College students aged 18–25 years old (n = 189) from 18 colleges were surveyed between November 2022 and February 2023. The survey was conducted using the online survey platform SurveyMonkey. Participants were asked to select their main sources of health information under three different categories: general medical, mental health, and Covid-19 related information. Survey data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. The survey found that parents/guardians, the internet, and medical providers were the top information sources in each category. Although previous surveys have shown that the internet is the main source of health information for most adults, when asked about their primary source of information, college-age adults reported predominantly relying on family for general medical information. However, they turned to online sources for mental health information, with Instagram as the top social media resource. The internet was the primary source for Covid-19 information. These data suggest that including parents in health messaging for college- age adults could help with dissemination of health information to this age group particularly when addressing general medical information such as vaccines, medical care and seasonal illnesses like flu. They also suggest that this group seeks alternative sources—like peers and social media— for topics that have associated stigma, such as mental health. Providing shareable resources with mental health information through college communication programs and networks may help disseminate accurate information to students.