bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RSV infection in children hospitalised with severe lower respiratory tract infection in a low-middle-income setting: A cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Morgan Nicole , Buys Heloise , Muloiwa Rudzani 
Published: September 2023

Introduction
Low- and middle-income countries carry the largest burden of Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease, with most deaths occurring in these settings. This study aimed to investigate the burden of RSV disease in South African children hospitalised with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), with specific reference to incidence, risk factors, and co-infections.

Methods
A database from a previous prospective study containing demographic, laboratory and clinical data on children hospitalised with LRTIs in Cape Town, South Africa, was used. A nasopharyngeal swab (NP) and induced sputum (IS) were tested for RSV PCR. Descriptive statistics were used to characterise the study population, and a multivariable analysis of risk factors and co-infections was done.

Results
RSV was detected in 142 (30.9%; 95% CI 26.7–35.3) of the included 460 study children with LRTI. The median age of RSV-positive children was 4.6 (IQR 2.4–9.7) months compared to RSV-negative children of 10.5 (IQR 4.4–21.3) months, P = <0.001. Most cases occurred in autumn and winter with 126 (89%) cases over this period. IS demonstrated greater sensitivity for RSV diagnosis with 135 cases (95.1%) detected on IS and 57 cases (40.1%) identified on NP; P<0.001. The median length of hospital stay was 3.3 (SD 4.2) days in the RSV positive group and 2.7 (SD 3.3) days in the RSV negative group; P<0.001. The median number of detected viral pathogens was 1 (IQR 0–2) in RSV-positive children (when RSV was excluded from the count) compared to 2 (IQR 2–3) in RSV negative children; P<0.001. The presence of RSV was independently associated with a reduction in the frequency of most viruses tested for on PCR.

Conclusions
RSV is common in children hospitalised with LRTI and mainly affects younger children. There is an urgent need to find an effective vaccine to prevent RSV pneumonia in children worldwide, especially in LMICs that carry the greatest burden of disease.
Soft sensor method for endpoint carbon content and temperature of BOF based on multi-cluster dynamic adaptive selection ensemble learning
Authors: Shao Bin , Liu Hui , Chen Fu-gang 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The accurate control of the endpoint in converter steelmaking is of great significance and value for energy saving, emission reduction, and steel quality improvement. The key to endpoint control lies in accurately predicting the carbon content and temperature. Converter steelmaking is a dynamic process with a large fluctuation of samples, and traditional ensemble learning methods ignore the differences among the query samples and use all the sub-models to predict. The different performances of each sub-model lead to the performance degradation of ensemble learning. To address this issue, we propose a soft sensor method based on multi-cluster dynamic adaptive selection (MC-DAS) ensemble learning for converter steelmaking endpoint carbon content and temperature prediction. First, to ensure the diversity of the ensemble learning base model, we propose a clustering algorithm with different data partition characteristics to construct a pool of diverse base models. Second, a model adaptive selection strategy is proposed, which involves constructing diverse similarity regions for individual query samples and assessing the model’s performance in these regions to identify the most suitable model and weight combination for each respective query sample. Compared with the traditional ensemble learning method, the simulation results of actual converter steelmaking process data show that the prediction accuracy of carbon content within ±0.02% error range reaches 92.8%, and temperature within ±10°C error range reaches 91.6%.
Künstliche Intelligenz in der umweltorientierten Logistik
Authors: Bergmann Leopold , Janetzky Mathias , Ritter Milena 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Der Trend zur intelligenten Logistik ist allgegenwärtig. Bereits heute lässt sich dies anhand der gestiegenen Anzahl hochkomplexer Optimierungen entlang der Supply Chain erkennen, die eine höhere Transparenz, beschleunigte Prozesse und schlussendlich die Erfüllung der Kundenbedürfnisse sicherstellen. Mehrheitlich rechtfertigen ökonomische Verbesserungspotenziale den Einsatz von KI-Technologien in der Logistik. Welche ökologischen Potenziale darüber hinaus ausgeschöpft werden können, analysiert der vorliegende Beitrag.
Effizient digitalisieren mit Shopfloor Services
Authors: Sapel Patrick , Bega Maximilian , Ercan Furkan , Schmitz Mauritius , Hopmann Christian , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Digitalisierte Geschäftsprozesse versprechen den Unternehmen Mehrwerte, wie z. B. kürzere Durchlaufzeiten. Diese Prozesse sind jedoch selten standardisiert, sodass insbesondere kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) aufgrund finanzieller und personeller Hürden kaum von den Mehrwerten profitieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt eine für KMU entwickelte Hard- und Softwareinfrastruktur sowie vordefinierte Shopfloor Services vor, die KMU dabei helfen können, digitalisierte Geschäftsprozesse aufwandsarm zu implementieren.
Resilienz aus der Wertstromperspektive
Authors: Steinmeyer Maximilian , Metternich Joachim 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In kurzer Abfolge auftretende Krisen stellen die Wertströme produzierender Unternehmen auf unterschiedliche Weise vor große Herausforderungen: Lieferketten brechen plötzlich zusammen, Preissteigerungen werden unkalkulierbar oder Mitarbeitende fallen unerwartet aus. Um diese Herausforderungen mit einer möglichst niedrigen Beeinträchtigung in den Zieldimensionen Flexibilität, Qualität, Produktivität und Durchlaufzeit zu bewältigen, müssen Wertströme resilienter werden. In der bisherigen Analyse und Gestaltung von Wertströmen wird Resilienz jedoch kaum berücksichtigt. Daher zeigt dieser Beitrag, wie Wertströme aus der Resilienzperspektive betrachtet werden können, und schlägt erste Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Wertstromresilienz vor.
Capital cultural e educação
Authors: Henrique Voos Charles , Rautenberg Pereira Amanda 
Published: September 2023

Considerando os impactos do contexto familiar e social na Educação Básica e seus resultados
na vida dos alunos, objetiva
-
se compreender de que forma a trajetória escolar interfere na
vida acadêmica no ensino superior
tendo em conta
o capital cultural e dem
ais conceitos do
sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu. Para tanto, procede-se ao estudo de caso com alunos dos cursos
de graduação de Pedagogia e de Direito de uma instituição de ensino superior de Joinville,
utilizando-se de questionários como instrumento de coleta
de dados. Desse modo, observou-se que as realidades sociais presentes nos diferentes contextos impactam diretamente o
desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes e relacionam-se com demais valores culturais de seu
meio familiar.
Embedding R inside the PhysPK Bio-simulation Software for Pharmacokinetics Population Analysis
Authors: Sánchez-Herrero Sergio , Martínez Fernando Carbonero , Serna Jenifer , Cuquerella-Gilabert Marina , Rueda-Ferreiro Almudena , Juan Angel A. , Calvet Laura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background: PhysPK stands as a flexible and robust bio-simulation and modeling software designed for analysis of population pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) systems. PhysPK equips users with standard diagnostic plots for pre- and post-analysis to delineate PK and PD within population-based frameworks. Furthermore, PhysPK facilitates the establishment of mathematical models that elucidate the intricate interplay between exposure, safety, and efficacy.

Methods: Enhancing simulation modeling capabilities necessitates seamless integration between commercial discrete-event PK and PD simulation tools and external software. This synergy can be amplified by incorporating open-source solutions, like R, which boasts a rich array of comprehensive packages tailored for diverse tasks, including data analysis (ggplot2), scientific computation (stats), application development (shiny), back-end web development (dplyr), and machine learning (CARAT). The integration of R within PhysPK holds the potential to efficiently interpret and analyze PK/PD output and routines using R packages.

Results: This article presents a tutorial that highlights the incorporation of R code within PhysPK and the rendering of R scripts within the PhysPK monitor. The tutorial utilizes a two-compartment model for comparison against the analysis developed by Hosseini et al. in 2018 within the context of the gPKPDSim application and WinNonlin® software. The illustrative example that is provided and discussed demonstrate estimated and simulated plots, revealing negligible differences in the significance for CL and CLd (6.89 ± 0.2 and 45.5 ± 17.4 [reference], and 7.06 ± 0.32 and 49.04 ± 9.2 [PhysPK], respectively), as well as volumes V1 and V2 (49.15 ± 3.8 and 34.61 ± 5.2 [reference], and 48.8 ± 3.66, and 33.2 ± 3.95 [PhysPK], respectively).

Conclusions: Our study underscores the potential of integrating open-source software, replete with an array of innovative packages, to elevate predictive capabilities and streamline analyses in PK methods. This integration ushers in new avenues for an advanced intelligent simulation modeling within the realm of PK, thus holding significant promise for the advancement of drug research and development.
High-Resolution Tractography Protocol to Investigate the Pathways between Human Mediodorsal Thalamic Nucleus and Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Mengxing Liu , Lerma-Usabiaga Garikoitz , Clascá Francisco , Paz-Alonso Pedro M. 
Published: September 2023

Animal studies have established that the mediodorsal nucleus (MD) of the thalamus is heavily and reciprocally connected with all areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In humans, however, these connections are difficult to investigate. High-resolution imaging protocols capable of reliably tracing the axonal tracts linking the human MD with each of the PFC areas may thus be key to advance our understanding of the variation, development, and plastic changes of these important circuits, in health and disease. Here, we tested in adult female and male humans the reliability of a new reconstruction protocol based onin vivodiffusion MRI to trace, measure, and characterize the fiber tracts interconnecting the MD with 39 human PFC areas per hemisphere. Our protocol comprised the following three components: (1) defining regions of interest; (2) preprocessing diffusion data; and, (3) modeling white matter tracts and tractometry. This analysis revealed largely separate PFC territories of reciprocal MD–PFC tracts bearing striking resemblance with the topographic layout observed in macaque connection-tracing studies. We then examined whether our protocol could reliably reconstruct each of these MD–PFC tracts and their profiles across test and retest sessions. Results revealed that this protocol was able to trace and measure, in both left and right hemispheres, the trajectories of these 39 area-specific axon bundles with good-to-excellent test-retest reproducibility. This protocol, which has been made publicly available, may be relevant for cognitive neuroscience and clinical studies of normal and abnormal PFC function, development, and plasticity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReciprocal MD–PFC interactions are critical for complex human cognition and learning. Reliably tracing, measuring and characterizing MD–PFC white matter tracts using high-resolution noninvasive methods is key to assess individual variation of these systems in humans. Here, we propose a high-resolution tractography protocol that reliably reconstructs 39 area-specific MD–PFC white matter tracts per hemisphere and quantifies structural information from diffusion MRI data. This protocol revealed a detailed mapping of thalamocortical and corticothalamic MD–PFC tracts in four different PFC territories (dorsal, medial, orbital/frontal pole, inferior frontal) showing structural connections resembling those observed in tracing studies with macaques. Furthermore, our automated protocol revealed high test-retest reproducibility and is made publicly available, constituting a step forward in mapping human MD–PFC circuits in clinical and academic research.
Presynaptic Kainate Receptors onto Somatostatin Interneurons Are Recruited by Activity throughout Development and Contribute to Cortical Sensory Adaptation
Authors: Stachniak Tevye J. , Argunsah Ali Ö. , Yang Jenq-Wei , Cai Linbi , Karayannis Theofanis 
Published: September 2023

Somatostatin (SST) interneurons produce delayed inhibition because of the short-term facilitation of their excitatory inputs created by the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGluR7) and presynaptic GluK2-containing kainate receptors (GluK2-KARs). Using mice of both sexes, we find that as synaptic facilitation at layer (L)2/3 SST cell inputs increases during the first few postnatal weeks, so does GluK2-KAR expression. Removal of sensory input by whisker trimming does not affect mGluR7 but prevents the emergence of presynaptic GluK2-KARs, which can be restored by allowing whisker regrowth or by acute calmodulin activation. Conversely, late trimming or acute inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is sufficient to reduce GluK2-KAR activity. This developmental and activity-dependent regulation also produces a specific reduction of L4 GluK2-KARs that advances in parallel with the maturation of sensory processing in L2/3. Finally, we find that removal of both GluK2-KARs and mGluR7 from the synapse eliminates short-term facilitation and reduces sensory adaptation to repetitive stimuli, first in L4 of somatosensory cortex, then later in development in L2/3. The dynamic regulation of presynaptic GluK2-KARs potentially allows for flexible scaling of late inhibition and sensory adaptation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTExcitatory synapses onto somatostatin (SST) interneurons express presynaptic, calcium-permeable kainate receptors containing the GluK2 subunit (GluK2-KARs), activated by high-frequency activity. In this study we find that their presence on L2/3 SST synapses in the barrel cortex is not based on a hardwired genetic program but instead is regulated by sensory activity, in contrast to that of mGluR7. Thus, in addition to standard synaptic potentiation and depression mechanisms, excitatory synapses onto SST neurons undergo an activity-dependent presynaptic modulation that uses GluK2-KARs. Further, we present evidence that loss of the frequency-dependent synaptic components (both GluK2-KARs and mGluR7 via Elfn1 deletion) contributes to a decrease in the sensory adaptation commonly seen on repetitive stimulus presentation.
Effectiveness of a Teaching Material: News-Based Teaching of Mount Ungaran
Authors: Nuryani Sri , Rahayuningsih Margareta , Irsadi Andin , Fibriana Fidia 
Published: September 2023

The news-based teaching is a teaching material that contains news integrated with the results of exploring the biodiversity on Mount Ungaran for high school students in Biology subject. Teaching materials were prepared based on the results of the needs analysis. Early observation of High School 12 Semarang students showed that Biology learning sources were still insufficient to achieve basic competence. This study aimed to develop valid news-based teaching material of Mount Ungaran Biodiversity using the research and development (RD) method for effective cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning outcomes. The research method subjected the students of High School 12 Semarang to explore the biodiversity news of Mount Ungaran on the websites. Also, the students searched the information from Research Development (RD). The results showed that (1) news-based teaching material on Mount Ungaran biodiversity was valid and appropriate as a learning source (96%), (2) and it was effective to improve the students’ cognitive, psychomotor, and affective learning outcomes of biodiversity topic.
Molecular Docking of the Cannabis sativa L. Bioactive Compound Against Inflammation Induced by Cigarette Smoke Exposure
Authors: Lisdiana Lisdiana , Mustikaningtyas Dewi 
Published: September 2023

Cigarette smoke can modulate and increase chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract. The constituents of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation can activate several cell signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), and activatory protein-1 (AP-1). Cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa L.) contains many phytochemical compounds including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds, which have potential in medicine, one of them is as an anti-inflammatory. This study aims to determine the interactions formed between bioactive compounds from cannabis plants in anti-inflammatory activity caused by cigarette smoke induction in the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways through a study in silico. This research method was carried out in a descriptive exploratory manner using online databases such as PubChem, PASS online, SEA (Similarity Ensemble Approach) and Swiss Target Prediction, STRING. Docking simulation was carried out using PyRx 0.8. Data from software and web devices were analyzed descriptively and compared with control compounds. The docking results show that the compounds from Cannabis sativa L. can act as an anti-inflammatory in the context of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. This is indicated by the similarity of amino acid residues resulting from the interaction of the aspirin drug (control) with the anti-inflammatory receptor protein in the compound cannabidihydrophenanthrene with PDGFRA and KDR receptors and compounds cannabicyclol with AKT1 and KDR receptors. This is indicated by the presence of value affinity is low indicating a stable and strong bond.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus from the Native Orchids of South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Mursyidin Dindin Hidayatul , Saputra Ahmad Winarto 
Published: September 2023

Information on viral genetics, including their phylogenetic relationship, is valuable in controlling viral infection and screening for the development of virus-resistant cultivars in the future. The objectives of this study were to detect and characterize the Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) from the native orchids of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, by the RT-PCR method. Also, to determine their phylogenetic relationship based on a partial genome of RdRp by the ML and PCA methods. Following RT-PCR analysis, one of 10 samples of native orchids used was positively infected by CymMV. In early detection, the RdRp region of CymMV has approximately 530 bp in size. After being sequenced and aligned with other isolates, this region has 121 polymorphic or mutation sites, a GC content of 45.21%, a transition/transversion bias value of 3.52, and nucleotide diversity (0.0415). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that CymMV from South Kalimantan, Indonesia, has closest related to similar isolates from Korea Type 2 (AF016914.1), Niigata, Japan (AB197937.1), Hawaii (EF125180.1), and Taiwan M2 (EU314803.1), with the coefficient divergence of 0.025. But, it has very distantly related to Hawaii 18-1 (EF125178.1) with a coefficient of 0.142. The results provide urgent information in supporting the native orchid's conservation and breeding efforts, locally and globally, including mitigating or controlling the viral infection and screening for the development of virus-free or resistant cultivars in the future.
From atomistic to collective dynamics: Bridging gaps in gas-phase electron microscopy for catalysis
Authors: Hansen Thomas Willum , Willinger Marc 
Published: September 2023

AbstractCatalysis is a highly complex phenomenon involving fundamental processes on multiple length scales. The full-scale complexity of catalysis is only poorly understood, and how atomic-scale processes influence long-range order in the materials is not well documented experimentally. The result is that we still, to a large degree, develop new catalysts on the basis of iterative trial-and-error approaches. Elucidating the link between atomic-scale structural dynamics, feedback mechanisms, and collective behavior could be the key to a deeper understanding and further optimization of catalysts and processes. From imaging of quasi-static low-energy configurations through gas-phase-induced state switching to observation of complex nonequilibrium dynamics and oscillatory behavior, electron microscopy has provided novel insights over several length and time scales and has meanwhile matured from a service tool for catalyst researchers to a driving force in catalysis research. Here, we discuss new insights provided by novel instrumentation and the extension fromin situtooperandoinvestigations, enabling the study of mechanisms and kinetics of catalytic processes.Graphical abstract
DA MODERNIDADE DESENCANTADA AOS REENCANTAMENTOS POSSÍVEIS
Authors: Oliveira Inês Barbosa de 
Published: September 2023

Pensar o reencantamento do mundo e a relevância das criações curriculares cotidianas nesse processo exige recorrermos ao fenômeno e ao processo de desencantamento do mundo de modo a poder tecer uma reflexão que aborde diferentes aspectos do debate, inserindo-os no debate curricular. Assim sendo, este artigo recorre ao pensamento weberiano sobre o desencantamento produzido na e pela racionalidade moderna e ao diálogo deste com algumas das formulações de possibilidades do reencantamento. Por meio de extensa pesquisa bibliográfica, percorrem-se as diferentes contribuições para a reflexão sobre este, de Morin e Prigogine com a compreensão do reencantamento pela renovação da ciência, a Krenak e Gudynas, que preconizam uma nova relação com a natureza, e a Maffesoli e sua compreensão da renovação das sociabilidades e recurso às tecnologias como reencantamentos em curso. Importante ressaltar a contribuição de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, tanto pela relação que estabelece entre o reencantamento do mundo e a vida cotidiana – fundamental para pensar as criações curriculares – quanto por sua abordagem mais ampla, que dialoga com todas as já referidas, e com o campo do currículo. Em sua parte final, com base nas diferentes contribuições elencadas, o texto examina brevemente algumas criações curriculares narradas em trabalhos acadêmicos no campo da pesquisa com os cotidianos das escolas, nas quais se podem encontrar contribuições à reflexão sobre o tema, bem como iniciativas relevantes de contribuição possível das escolas e daquilo que nelas se cria para o reencantamento do mundo.
Neuromodulation techniques in medically refractory epilepsy: A comprehensive assessment
Authors: Kumar Sourya , Gupta Shubham kr. , Gupta Anubhav 
Published: September 2023

The aim of this research is to explore the efficacy and safety of neurostimulation techniques, particularly responsive neurostimulation, in treating medically refractory epilepsy. The study reviews relevant literature, discusses the mechanisms of action, and presents evidence of reduced seizure frequency and improved quality of life in patients receiving neurostimulation. To evaluate invasive Neuromodulation’s efficiency for medically refractory epilepsy, we searched databases like Google Scholar, Medline, and Elsevier using keywords ‘Neuromodulation and epilepsy’. Numerous relevant results emerged. We conducted rapid abstract reviews to identify key articles, cross-referencing for valuable references, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of pertinent research. Neuromodulation techniques, particularly VNS, DBS, and RNS, offer promising therapeutic options for medically refractory epilepsy. Ongoing research and clinical trials are vital for refining these treatments, adapting them for diverse populations, and enhancing outcomes. The potential to improve patients’ quality of life through innovative approaches is encouraging, driving further progress in neuromodulation.