bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diosmetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside suppresses endothelial–mesenchymal transformation through endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiac fibrosis
Authors: Wang Huahua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Liu Yangyang , Zhang Yunyun , Wang Yingyu , Peng Yunru , Ding Yongfang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDiosmetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside) is a natural flavonoid glycoside known to have a therapeutic application for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiac fibrosis is the main pathological change in the end stage of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) via Src pathways is involved in the process of cardiac fibrosis. However, it is unclear whether and how diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside regulates EndMT and ER stress to treat cardiac fibrosis. In this study, molecular docking results showed that diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside bound well to ER stress and Src pathway markers. Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside suppressed cardiac fibrosis induced by isoprenaline (ISO) and reduced the levels of EndMT, ER stress in mice heart. Primary cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) were induced by transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) to perform EndMT. Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside could effectively regulate EndMT and diminish the accumulation of collagen I and collagen III. We also showed that the tube formation in CMECs was restored, and the capacity of migration was partially inhibited. Diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside also ameliorated ER stress through the three unfolded protein response branches, as evidenced by organelle structure in transmission electron microscopy images and the expression of protein biomarkers like the glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Further analysis showed that diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside could suppress the expression level of Src phosphorylation, then block EndMT with the maintenance of endothelial appearance and endothelial marker expression. These results suggested that the diosmetin‐7‐O‐glucoside can regulate EndMT through ER stress, at least in part via Src‐dependent pathways.
Can we manage microbial systems to enhance carbon storage?
Authors: Mahmoudi Nagissa , Wilhelm Roland C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change is an urgent environmental issue with wide‐ranging impacts on ecosystems and society. Microbes are instrumental in maintaining the balance between carbon (C) accumulation and loss in the biosphere, actively regulating greenhouse gas fluxes from vast reservoirs of organic C stored in soils, sediments and oceans. Heterotrophic microbes exhibit varying capacities to access, degrade and metabolise organic C—leading to variations in remineralisation and turnover rates. The present challenge lies in effectively translating this accumulated knowledge into strategies that effectively steer the fate of organic C towards prolonged sequestration. In this article, we discuss three ecological scenarios that offer potential avenues for shaping C turnover rates in the environment. Specifically, we explore the promotion of slow‐cycling microbial byproducts, the facilitation of higher carbon use efficiency, and the influence of biotic interactions. The ability to harness and control these processes relies on the integration of ecological principles and management practices, combined with advances in economically viable technologies to effectively manage microbial systems in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND DISSENT FOR POSTCOLONIAL URBAN SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITIONS
Authors: Johnston Matt , Darkey Dan , Ibsen Hilde 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnvironmental justice principles are widespread at national and global levels of transition discourse, but this is sometimes irrelevant to marginalized communities. To address this issue, we apply environmental justice theory to a participatory postcolonial urban case study where poverty, unemployment and inequality continue to incentivize unregulated exploitation of vulnerable environments and people. It is unclear how national legislation can provide for indiscriminate access to environments that promote wellbeing in complex postcolonial communities, where xenophobic and economic discrimination reproduces colonial‐style inequalities. To resist this injustice, the combination of academic and ordinary expressions of critique that confront regressive praxis and orthodoxies becomes a valuable and constructive political innovation for transitions. Empirical results suggest that enfranchising the most vulnerable proponents of transformation could advance their political capital to advocate for themselves, formulate and enculturate decolonized visions of urban sustainability, demand governmental and commercial accountability and foster urban reform that is relevant to them.
Human resource management in the age of generative artificial intelligence: Perspectives and research directions on ChatGPT
Authors: Budhwar Pawan , Chowdhury Soumyadeb , Wood Geoffrey , Aguinis Herman , Bamber Greg J. , Beltran Jose R. , Boselie Paul , Lee Cooke Fang , Decker Stephanie , DeNisi Angelo , Dey Prasanta Kumar , Guest David , Knoblich Andrew J. , Malik Ashish , Paauwe Jaap , Papagiannidis Savvas , Patel Charmi , Pereira Vijay , Ren Shuang , Rogelberg Steven , Saunders Mark N. K. , Tung Rosalie L. , Varma Arup 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChatGPT and its variants that use generative artificial intelligence (AI) models have rapidly become a focal point in academic and media discussions about their potential benefits and drawbacks across various sectors of the economy, democracy, society, and environment. It remains unclear whether these technologies result in job displacement or creation, or if they merely shift human labour by generating new, potentially trivial or practically irrelevant, information and decisions. According to the CEO of ChatGPT, the potential impact of this new family of AI technology could be as big as “the printing press”, with significant implications for employment, stakeholder relationships, business models, and academic research, and its full consequences are largely undiscovered and uncertain. The introduction of more advanced and potent generative AI tools in the AI market, following the launch of ChatGPT, has ramped up the “AI arms race”, creating continuing uncertainty for workers, expanding their business applications, while heightening risks related to well‐being, bias, misinformation, context insensitivity, privacy issues, ethical dilemmas, and security. Given these developments, this perspectives editorial offers a collection of perspectives and research pathways to extend HRM scholarship in the realm of generative AI. In doing so, the discussion synthesizes the literature on AI and generative AI, connecting it to various aspects of HRM processes, practices, relationships, and outcomes, thereby contributing to shaping the future of HRM research.
Prevalence and correlates of the use of complementary and alternative medicines among older adults with joint pain
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Jones Graeme , Blizzard Leigh , Aitken Dawn , Zhou Zhen , Wang Mengmeng , Balogun Saliu , Cicuttini Flavia , Antony Benny 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) alone or as an adjuvant therapy to conventional medicines in osteoarthritis (OA) patients.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the prevalence and correlates of the use of CAMs among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsData from the Tasmania Older Adult Cohort Study (TASOAC, n = 1099) were used to describe the prevalence of CAM use. Correlates of CAM use were assessed by comparing CAM users and non‐users. To further assess correlates of CAM use, participants with at least one joint with pain were classified into four categories: CAM‐only, analgesics‐only, co‐therapy, and “neither CAMs nor analgesics” (NCNA).ResultsIn all, 385 (35.0%) of our participants reported use of CAMs, among which vitamins/minerals were used most (22.6%, n = 232). Compared with CAM non‐users, CAM users were more likely to be female, were less likely to be overweight, were better educated, had more joints with OA, had fewer WOMAC scores, and did more steps per day. Among participants with any joint pain, the CAM‐only group were less likely to be overweight, consumed more alcohol, had higher quality of life, had more steps per day, and had fewer pain‐related symptoms compared with the analgesic‐only group.ConclusionComplementary and alternative medicines were commonly used among Tasmanian older adults, with 35% of the population using CAMs either alone or in combination with conventional analgesics. CAM users were more likely to be female, be better educated, have more joints with OA, and had healthier lifestyles, including lower body mass index and higher number of steps per day.
Attention deficit hyperactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms in adolescence and risk of substance use disorders—A general population‐based birth cohort study
Authors: Mustonen Antti , Rodriguez Alina , Scott James G. , Vuori Miika , Hurtig Tuula , Halt Anu‐Helmi , Miettunen Jouko , Alakokkare Anni‐Emilia , Niemelä Solja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundExternalizing symptoms are associated with risk of future substance use disorder (SUD). Few longitudinal studies exist using general population‐based samples which assess the spectrum of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms.Aims/ObjectivesWe aimed to study the associations between adolescent ADHD symptoms and subsequent SUD and additionally examine whether the risk of SUD is influenced by comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms.MethodsThe Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 was linked to nationwide health care register data for incident SUD diagnoses until age 33 years (n = 6278, 49.5% male). ADHD/ODD‐case status at age 16 years was defined using parent‐rated ADHD indicated by Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD symptoms and Normal Behaviors (SWAN) questionnaire with 95% percentile cut‐off. To assess the impact of ODD comorbidity on SUD risk, participants were categorized into four groups based on their ADHD/ODD case status. Cox‐regression analysis with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to study associations between adolescent ADHD/ODD case statuses and subsequent SUD.ResultsIn all, 552 participants (8.8%) presented with ADHD case status at the age of 16 years, and 154/6278 (2.5%) were diagnosed with SUD during the follow‐up. ADHD case status was associated with SUD during the follow‐up (HR = 3.84, 95% CI 2.69–5.50). After adjustments for sex, family structure, and parental psychiatric disorder and early substance use the association with ADHD case status and SUD remained statistically significant (HR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.70–3.98). The risk of SUD remained elevated in individuals with ADHD case status irrespective of ODD symptoms.ConclusionsADHD in adolescence was associated with incident SUD in those with and without symptoms of ODD. The association of ADHD and SUD persisted even after adjustment for a wide range of potential confounds. This emphasizes the need to identify preventative strategies for adolescents with ADHD so as to improve health outcomes.
Beware of little expenses: Low‐value endocrinological blood tests in geriatric medical inpatients
Authors: Tan Sheryn , Vuong Alysha , Kovoor Joshua , Gupta Aashray , Chan WengOnn , Umapathysivam Mahesh , Wong Bianca , Gluck Samuel , Gilbert Toby , Bacchi Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesBlood tests for endocrinological derangements are frequently requested in general medical inpatients, in particular those in the older age group. Interrogation of these tests may present opportunities for healthcare savings.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective study over a 2.5‐year period examined the frequency with which three common endocrinological investigations [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), HbA1c, 25‐hydroxy Vitamin D3] were performed in this population, including the frequency of duplicate tests within a given admission, and the frequency of abnormal test results. The Medicare Benefits Schedule was used to calculate the cost associated with these tests.ResultsThere were 28,564 individual admissions included in the study. Individuals ≥65 years old were the majority of inpatients in whom the selected tests were performed (80% of tests). TSH was performed in 6730 admissions, HbA1c was performed in 2259 admissions, and vitamin D levels were performed in 5632 admissions. There were 6114 vitamin D tests performed during the study period, of which 2911 (48%) returned outside the normal range. The cost associated with vitamin D level testing was $183,726. Over the study period, 8% of tests for TSH, HbA1c, and Vitamin D were duplicates (where a second test was performed within a single admission), which was associated with a cost of $32,134.ConclusionsTests for common endocrinological abnormalities are associated with significant healthcare costs. Avenues by which future savings may be pursued include the investigation of strategies to reduce duplicate ordering and examining the rationale and guidelines associated with ordering tests such as vitamin D levels.
Causal Effects, Migration, and Legacy Studies
Authors: Marbach Moritz 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolitical scientists have long been interested in the persistent effects of history on contemporary behavior and attitudes. To estimate legacy effects, studies often compare people living in places that were historically exposed to some event and those that were not. Using principal stratification, we provide a formal framework to analyze how migration limits our ability to learn about the persistent effects of history from observed differences between historically exposed and unexposed places. We state the necessary assumptions about movement behavior to causally identify legacy effects. We highlight that these assumptions are strong; therefore, we recommend that legacy studies circumvent bias by collecting data on people's place of residence at the exposure time. Reexamining a study on the persistent effects of U.S. civil rights protests, we show that observed attitudinal differences between residents and nonresidents of historic protest sites are more likely due to migration rather than attitudinal change.
App‐based mindfulness training supported eudaimonic wellbeing during the COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Golec de Zavala Agnieszka , Keenan Oliver , Ziegler Matthias , Ciesielski Pawel , Wahl Julia E. , Mazurkiewicz Magdalena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA randomized‐controlled‐trial study (N = 219) tested two pre‐registered hypotheses that mobile‐phone app‐based mindfulness training improves wellbeing and increases self‐transcendent emotions: gratitude, self‐compassion, and awe. Latent change score modeling with a robust maximum likelihood estimator was used to test how those changes are associated in the training versus the waiting‐list group. The training increased wellbeing and all self‐transcendent emotions regardless of interindividual variance in the changes across time. Changes in all self‐transcendent emotions were positively associated with changes in wellbeing. The strength of those associations was comparable in the waiting‐list group and the training group. More studies are needed to test whether the effects of mindfulness practice on wellbeing are driven by increases in self‐transcendent emotions. The study was conducted over 6 weeks during the COVID19 pandemic. The results indicate that the mindfulness training can be an easily accessible effective intervention supporting eudaimonic wellbeing in face of adversity.
The role of accuracy in children's judgments of experts' knowledge
Authors: Williams Allison J. , Danovitch Judith H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcross two studies, children ages 6–9 (N = 160, 82 boys, 78 girls; 75% White, 91% non‐Hispanic) rated an inaccurate expert's knowledge and provided explanations for the expert's inaccurate statements. In Study 1, children's knowledge ratings decreased as he provided more inaccurate information. Ratings were predicted by age (i.e., older children gave lower ratings than younger children) and how children explained the error. Children's ratings followed similar patterns in Study 2. However, children delegated new questions to the inaccurate expert, even after rating him as having little to no knowledge. These results suggest that 6‐ to 9‐year‐olds weigh accuracy over expertise when making epistemic judgments, but, when they need assistance, they will still seek out information from a previously inaccurate expert.
Alveolar ridge preservation of damaged or periodontally compromised extraction sockets with bovine‐ and porcine‐derived block bone substitutes: A retrospective case–control study
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hong , Kim Yeon‐Tae , Jeong Seong‐Nyum 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeAlveolar ridge preservation (ARP) was introduced to minimize postextraction alveolar bone loss and extraction socket remodeling; however, current knowledge of the ARP procedure for nonintact extraction sockets is still limited and inconclusive. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the difference between using deproteinized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) and deproteinized porcine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DPBM‐C) when performing ARP procedures in damaged or periodontally compromised extraction sockets based on clinical, radiographic, and profilometric outcomes.MethodsIn total, 108 extraction sockets were grafted with 67 DBBM‐C and 41 DPBM‐C. Changes in radiographic (horizontal width and vertical height) and profilometric outcomes were measured after the ARP procedure and before the implant surgery. Postoperative discomfort (including the severity and duration of pain and swelling), early wound healing outcomes (including spontaneous bleeding and persistent swelling), implant stability, and treatment modalities for implant placement were also assessed.ResultsRadiographically, the DBBM‐C group decreased by −1.70 ± 2.26 mm (−21.50%) and − 1.39 ± 1.85 mm (−30.47%) horizontally and vertically, and the corresponding DPBM‐C group decreased by −1.66 ± 1.80 mm (−20.82%) and −1.44 ± 1.97 mm (−27.89%) horizontally and vertically at an average of 5.6 months. There were no serious or adverse complications in any of the cases, and none of the measured parameters differed significantly between the groups.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, ARP with DBBM‐C and DPBM‐C showed similar clinical, radiographic, and profilometric outcomes in nonintact extraction sockets.
Complementary elements of support after gastric‐bypass surgery perceived by adults with previous type 2 diabetes: A qualitative study 2 years after bariatric surgery
Authors: Randell Eva , Katsogiannos Petros , Leksell Janeth , Eriksson Jan W. , Sundbom Magnus , Engström Maria Svedbo 
Published: July 2023

SummaryBariatric surgery is the most medically and cost‐effective treatment for adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our findings suggest initial improvements in health‐related quality of life that may decline as support from follow‐up care ends. How patients experience long‐term support is not well described. This study therefore aimed to investigate how adults with previous T2DM perceived different sources of support 2 years after bariatric surgery. In this qualitative study, individual interviews were conducted with 13 adults (10 women) 2 years after surgery. Using thematic analysis, one overarching theme (compiling complementary elements of support after gastric‐bypass surgery), four themes and nine subthemes emerged. The results show that support was given and received from various sources, support needs varied over time depending on where the patient was in the process and that the sources of support were complementary. To conclude, our results show that support needs change in adults who have undergone bariatric surgery. Long‐term professional and day‐to‐day support from family and other networks are essential and complementary elements of support. Healthcare staff should consider these findings, especially during the early follow‐up period.
Online short text clustering using infinite extensions of discrete mixture models
Authors: Hannachi Samar , Najar Fatma , Ennajari Hafsa , Bouguila Nizar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractShort text clustering is one of the fundamental tasks in natural language processing. Different from traditional documents, short texts are ambiguous and sparse due to their short form and the lack of recurrence in word usage from one text to another, making it very challenging to apply conventional machine learning algorithms directly. In this article, we propose two novel approaches for short texts clustering: collapsed Gibbs sampling infinite generalized Dirichlet multinomial mixture model infinite GSGDMM) and collapsed Gibbs sampling infinite Beta‐Liouville multinomial mixture model (infinite GSBLMM). We adopt two flexible and practical priors to the multinomial distribution where in the first one the generalized Dirichlet distribution is integrated, while the second one is based on the Beta‐Liouville distribution. We evaluate the proposed approaches on two famous benchmark datasets, namely, Google News and Tweet. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our models compared to basic approaches that use Dirichlet priors. We further propose to improve the performance of our methods with an online clustering procedure. We also evaluate the performance of our methods for the outlier detection task, in which we achieve accurate results.
Introducing a novel histopathological scoring system to assess disease activity and chronicity in cutaneous lichen planus: A proposal
Authors: Dixit Sonali , Jain Pragya , Jain Sonal , Gupta Richa , Grover Chander , Sharma Sonal 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundLichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by an autoimmune attack by cytotoxic T‐cells. The clinical course is variable, with episodes of remission and exacerbation. A clinicopathological scoring system for cutaneous LP is not available for effectively assessing disease severity and monitoring treatment response. This study was designed with the aim of proposing an objective and reproducible scoring system, comprising histopathological features of active and chronic disease, and to correlate these scores with clinical morphology groups.MethodologyThis is a retrospective study of 200 cases of cutaneous LP, which were categorized into five clinical groups (I–V) at the time of biopsy. The corresponding histopathological feature was assigned a score based on feature of active and chronic disease. Individual scores were summated to calculate a histopathological index (index [AI] and chronicity index [CI]). The comparison of indices between various clinical groups was performed by Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsThe median AI was lowest (1) for post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (clinical group I) and highest (7) for the bullous group (clinical group IV). The median CI (7) was highest for the scarring group (clinical group V). The difference between median AI of clinical group I (post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation) and rest of the groups (clinical groups II, III, IV, and V) was statistically significant (p value <0.05).ConclusionWe present this clinico‐histopathological scoring system as a reliable and facile method of assessing the activity and severity of LP.