bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of ZrSnO4 solid solution on the crystallization behavior of Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 glasses
Authors: Kajihara Takato , Hijiya Hiroyuki , Yoshida Satoshi , Ninomiya Kakeru , Nishibori Maiko , Saito Hikaru , Fujino Shigeru , Hata Satoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHerein, the crystallization behavior of a Li2O–Al2O3–SiO2 (LAS) glass system with the addition of ZrO2 and SnO2 as nucleating agents was investigated using X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, four‐dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray absorption fine‐structure measurements. At lower heat‐treatment temperatures, the addition of ZrO2 and SnO2 afforded a ZrSnO4 solid solution (SS), whereas at higher heat‐treatment temperatures, the ZrSnO4 SS decomposed, affording tetragonal ZrO2 and tetragonal SnO2. LAS‐based crystalline phases, such as β‐quartz and β‐spodumene phases SS, were formed after the formation of the ZrSnO4 SS. ZrSnO4 SS particles a few nanometers in size were present in contact with the β‐quartz SS particles a few dozen nanometers in size. This suggests that the ZrSnO4 SS served as a crystal nucleus for the β‐quartz SS, promoting its growth.
Knockout of nuclear receptor HR38 gene impairs pupal–adult development in silkworm Bombyx mori
Authors: Xu Xinyue , Pu Shangkun , Jiang Mouzhen , Hu Xiaoxuan , Wang Qing , Yu Jun , Chu Jianghong , Wei Guoqing , Wang Lei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNuclear receptors are ligand‐regulated transcription factors that play important role in regulating insect metamorphosis through the ecdysone signalling pathway. In this study, we investigated the nuclear receptor HR38 gene in Bombyx mori (BmHR38), belonging to the NR4A subfamily. BmHR38 mRNA was highly expressed in the head and epidermis at the pupal stage. The expression of the BmHR38 gene was influenced by different doses of 20E at different times. A BmHR38 deletion mutant silkworm was generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. Compared with the wild‐type B. mori, the BmHR38 deletion mutant resulted in abnormal development during the pupal stage, leading to either failed eclosion or the formation of abnormal adult wings. After silencing of BmHR38 in the pupal stage, the phenotype of pupa or moth had no significant change, but it did result in reduced egg production. The mRNA levels of USP, E75 and E74 were significantly increased, while the transcript levels of FTZ‐F1 were suppressed after RNA interference. Furthermore, interference with BmHR38 also inhibited the expressions of chitin metabolism genes, including Chs1, Chs2, Chi, Chi‐h and CDA. Our results suggest that BmHR38 is essential for pupal development and pupa–adult metamorphosis in B. mori by regulating the expression of NRs and chitin metabolism genes.
Approaches for improving sexuality and sexual health care in mental health settings: A qualitative study exploring clinicians' own perspectives
Authors: Urry Kristi , Breakey Georgia R. , Scholz Brett , Chur‐Hansen Anna 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is an acknowledged professional practice gap regarding sexuality and sexual health related needs within mental health settings in Australia and internationally. Yet little is known about how clinicians can be best supported or enabled to improve sexuality‐related practice, from their own perspective. This is important, given the sensitive and complex nature of sexuality and sexual health within the context of mental distress and service provision. This article reports a follow‐up study, where mental health clinicians who participated in an initial study were invited to reflect on and discuss the (finalized) results and recommendations generated. The aim was to generate insights into the tools, strategies, and approaches participants felt would best equip and support clinicians to better incorporate sexuality and sexual health into their work. Six clinicians from three disciplines (mental health nursing, psychology, and psychiatry) participated in in‐depth interviews to reflect on a plain language summary of the initial study. Three interconnected themes were generated via reflexive thematic analysis: (1) access to knowledge and information; (2) support from peers, senior colleagues, and workplaces; and (3) enacting a focus on sexuality‐related care. These findings provide valuable insights into how clinicians may want to be supported in relation to (improving) their sexuality‐related practice. The analysis also demonstrates the importance of a multifaceted approach to improving sexuality‐related care in mental health and other health settings. This knowledge will contribute to directing future research and development of interventions, tools, strategies, or other approaches to this end.
The limits of parametric reforms in sustaining the Algerian retirement system in a context of population ageing
Authors: Flici Farid 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccelerated population ageing in Algeria threatens the financial sustainability of its pay‐as‐you‐go retirement system. Reform is a necessity, with options ranging from simple parametric reforms to important systemic changes. Prior to undertaking systemic reforms, it is worthwhile to investigate whether parametric reforms can place the system on a financially sustainable footing. In this article, we used a multi‐scenario analysis that crosses the possible reform actions with possible socioeconomic scenarios. The results show that when using the most favourable scenarios, the financial balance of the Algerian system will remain negative in the short and long term. Implementing major parametric reforms can only help reduce the deficit and make it stable over time. Thereafter, systemic reforms will have to be implemented.
Effect of fast‐track surgery on postoperative wound pain in patients with prostate cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Shicheng , Liu Haolin , Zhu Yuanquan , Zheng Zhiqiang , Cui Qingpeng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFast track surgery (FTS) is widely used in many procedures and has been shown to reduce complications and accelerate recovery. However, no studies have been conducted to assess their effectiveness in treating wounds after radical prostatectomy (RP). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of FTS on RP. We went through 4 major databases. A study was conducted by PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science to determine the effect of comparison of FTS versus conventional surgery in RP on postoperative wound complications as of 1 July 2023. Based on the review of literature, data extraction and literature quality assessment, we conducted meta‐analyses with RevMan 5.3. In the course of the study, the researchers selected 6 of the 404 studies to be analysed according to exclusion criteria. Data analysis showed that the FTS method reduced the postoperative pain associated with VAS and also decreased the rate of postoperative complications in post‐surgical patients. However, there was no significant difference between FTS and conventional surgery in terms of blood loss, operation time, and postoperative infection rate. Therefore, generally speaking, FTS has less impact on postoperative complications in patients with minimal invasive prostatic cancer, but it does reduce postoperative pain and total postoperative complications.
The extended case method in nursing research: Unpacking the ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Kuug Anthony Kolsabilik 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe extended case method approach has been in existence for decades, albeit remains poorly utilized in nursing, though there are several phenomena of interest to the discipline that may potentially benefit from this unique approach. This provides an avenue to examine the extended case method approach and how to employ it to examine phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing.ObjectivesTo examine what the extended case method is, why it should be employed to examine phenomena of interest to nursing, highlight some studies that have employed the approach in nursing, and offer methodological guidance to support its conduct and uptake in nursing research.DesignDiscussion paper.FindingsThe extended case method emphasizes the use of a theory and focuses on discovering how underlying structures at the micro level are affected by broader social forces. This makes it a useful approach to examine how macro level theories affect vulnerable, marginalized persons, which makes it particularly useful to the discipline of nursing. The approach is flexible, and there are no strict steps to be followed, albeit three important stages are highlighted.DiscussionThe extended case method offers a unique approach to examining how policies, rules and structures come into play in phenomena of interest to the discipline of nursing. This notwithstanding, the use of this approach is resource intensive.What does this paper contribute to the wider global clinical community?

The extended case method is a unique qualitative design applicable to examining understudied, emerging and established phenomena relevant to nursing.

The focus of the extended case method is to examine ‘what is’ and ‘what ought to be’.

Patient and public contributionNo patient or public contribution.
Assessing the reliability and validity of a health‐related quality of life instrument, CPADULT, in a Dutch sample of adults with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory
Authors: Zalmstra Trees A. L. , Reinders‐Messelink Heleen A. , Elema Agnes , van Gils Willemijn , van der Sluis Corry K. , van der Putten Annette A. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundA measure to provide insight regarding health‐related quality of life of adults with severe motor and intellectual disabilities was lacking. For this reason, the CPADULT was developed. This measure includes domains relating to an individual's physical, mental, and social functioning. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric characteristics of the CPADULT.MethodCaregivers (n = 47; 77% female, 23% male) of individuals with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory completed the questionnaire. Internal consistency, test–retest reliability and construct validity were analysed.ResultsInternal consistency was adequate with Cronbach's alpha values from 0.75 to 0.95. Test–retest reliability was good, as intraclass correlation coefficient of the total score was 0.84 (domains: 0.61–0.89). Construct validity was confirmed with significant differences between subgroups of motor or intellectual abilities.ConclusionThe CPADULT has sufficient reliability and validity as a proxy measure of health‐related quality of life for adults with severe disabilities who are non‐ambulatory.
Biases in legal decision‐making: Comparing prosecutors, defense attorneys, law students, and laypersons
Authors: Teichman Doron , Zamir Eyal , Ritov Ilana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious studies of judgment and decision‐making in adjudication have largely focused on juries and judges. This body of work demonstrated that legal training and professional experience sometimes affect attitudes and mitigate the susceptibility to cognitive biases, but often they do not. Relatively few experimental studies examined the decisions of prosecutors and defense lawyers, although they play a major role, especially in legal systems where prosecutors have a broad discretion in charging decisions, courts' discretion regarding sentencing is constrained, and plea bargains abound. This study directly compares laypersons, law students, and legal practitioners—including prosecutors and defense lawyers—in terms of their attitudes about the criminal justice system and their cognitive biases. It was found that the outcome bias and the anti‐inference bias influenced all groups similarly, but an irrelevant anchor only impacted the decisions of laypersons and law students, and not those of legal professionals. Prosecutors were significantly more inclined to judge a behavior as negligent and reach factual conclusions supporting a conviction. However, the hypothesis that the susceptibility of prosecutors and defense lawyers to cognitive biases would be affected by their role was not borne out. The article considers possible explanations for the reported findings, and discusses their policy implications.
Nodal properties of the resting‐state brain functional network in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Tian Yu , Xu Gaoqiang , Zhang Jing , Chen Kuntao , Liu Songjiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and PurposeChanges in the topological properties of brain functional network nodes during childhood and adolescence can provide more detailed and intuitive information on the rules of brain development. This study aims to explore the characteristics of nodal attributes in child and adolescent brain functional networks and analyze the correlation between nodal attributes in different brain regions and age.MethodsForty‐two healthy volunteers aged 6‐18 years who were right‐handed primary and middle school students were recruited, and the subgroup analysis included children (6‐12 years, n = 19) and adolescents (13‐18 years, n = 23). Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected using a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. The topological properties of the functional brain network were analyzed using graph theory.ResultsCompared with the children group, the degree centrality and nodal efficiency of multiple brain regions in the adolescent group were significantly increased, and the nodal shortest path was reduced (q<0.05, false discovery rate corrected). These brain regions were widely distributed in the whole brain and significantly correlated with age. Compared with the children group, reduced degree centralities were observed in the left dorsolateral fusiform gyrus, left rostral cuneus gyrus, and right medial superior occipital gyrus.ConclusionThe transmission efficiency of the brain's core network gradually increased, and the subnetwork function gradually improved in children and adolescents with age. The functional development of each brain area in the occipital visual cortex was uneven and there was functional differentiation within the occipital visual cortex.
Routes to momentary self‐esteem in adolescence: Links with interpersonal perceptions of liking and personality metaperceptions within social interactions
Authors: Bleckmann Eva , Nestler Steffen , Wagner Jenny 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study provides insights into the perceptual processes contributing to positive social experiences and momentary self‐esteem in adolescents' initial social interactions.BackgroundA person's self‐esteem is shaped by their social experiences. However, little is known about which interpersonal perceptions are linked to momentary self‐esteem within social interactions. Identifying two key interpersonal perceptions, we examined differential associations between an individual's meta‐liking and other‐perceptions of liking by interaction partners with momentary self‐esteem. Further, we investigated how preceding personality metaperceptions (i.e., meta‐accuracy and meta‐positivity) extended these sociometer processes.MethodThe current study used round‐robin data from N = 296 adolescents participating in a virtual group interaction. Social accuracy modeling was used to estimate meta‐accuracy and meta‐positivity of personality metaperceptions, and path models were used to test associations with interpersonal perceptions of liking and momentary self‐esteem.ResultsTwo main findings emerged: First, meta‐liking was consistently related to higher momentary self‐esteem, whereas other‐perceptions of liking were not. Second, meta‐positivity of personality metaperceptions was linked to higher meta‐liking and indirectly contributed to higher momentary self‐esteem through meta‐liking.ConclusionThese findings highlight the importance of considering different interpersonal perceptions to understand social interaction experiences.
Forecasting the long‐term impact of COVID‐19 on hepatitis C elimination plans in Italy: A mathematical modelling approach
Authors: Kondili Loreta A. , Andreoni Massimo , Aghemo Alessio , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Merolla Rocco , Gallinaro Valentina , D'Offizi Gianpiero , Craxì Antonio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundItaly has a high HCV prevalence, and despite the approval of a dedicated fund for ‘Experimental screening’ for 2 years, screening has not been fully implemented. We aimed to evaluate the long‐term impact of the persisting delay in HCV elimination after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic in Italy.MethodsWe used a mathematical, probabilistic modelling approach evaluating three hypothetical ‘Inefficient’, ‘Efficient experimental’ and ‘WHO Target’ screening scenarios differing by treatment rates over time. A Markov chain for liver disease progression evaluated the number of active infections, decompensated cirrhosis (DC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and HCV liver‐related deaths up to the years 2030 and 2050.ResultsThe ‘WHO Target’ scenario estimated 3900 patients with DC and 600 with HCC versus 4400 and 600 cases, respectively, similar for both ‘Inefficient’ and ‘Efficient experimental’ screening up to 2030. A sharp (10‐fold) decrease in DC and HCC was estimated by the ‘WHO Target’ scenario compared with the other two scenarios in 2050; the forecasted number of DC was 420 cases versus 4200 and 3800 and of HCC <10 versus 600 and 400 HCC cases by ‘WHO Target,’ ‘Inefficient’ and ‘Efficient experimental’ scenarios, respectively. A significant decrease of the cumulative estimated number of liver‐related deaths was observed up to 2050 by the ‘WHO Target’ scenario (52000) versus ‘Inefficient’ or ‘Efficient experimental’ scenarios (79 000 and 74 000 liver‐related deaths, respectively).ConclusionsOur estimates highlight the need to extensively and efficiently address HCV screening and cure of HCV infection in order to avoid the forecasted long‐term HCV adverse outcomes in Italy.
Health‐related quality of life in patients aged 6–18 years with chronic hepatitis C treated with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
Authors: Pokorska‐Śpiewak Maria , Talarek Ewa , Aniszewska Małgorzata , Pluta Magdalena , Dobrzeniecka Anna , Marczyńska Magdalena , Indolfi Giuseppe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of treatment with sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) on the health‐related quality of life (HRQL) of children with chronic hepatitis C.MethodsIn the non‐commercial, non‐randomized, open‐label PANDAA‐PED study, 50 children aged 6–18 years with chronic hepatitis C were treated with a fixed dose of SOF/VEL. All patients achieved sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Evaluation of HRQL was performed twice: at baseline (before the treatment) and during the SVR12 analysis using the KIDSCREEN‐27 questionnaires, which included 5 dimensions of HRQL, for child self‐reporting and parent proxy reporting. The normal range for the population was set to T values of 50 ± 10 points. Child–parent agreement was analysed using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman test.ResultsMean T values were within the normal range for all dimensions, both before and after treatment. There was a significant improvement in physical well‐being based on the children's self‐assessment (from 48.53 to 51.21, p = .03). In addition, a trend towards better scores in the ‘social support & peers’ part of the parent proxy evaluation (from 45.98 to 48.66, p = .06) was noticed. After the treatment, the proportion of children self‐assessing their physical well‐being as below normal significantly decreased from 17% to 5% (p = .007). HRQL scores were not associated with patients' sex, but in most cases, younger age correlated with better HRQL. Evaluation of the ICC for child self‐reports versus parent proxy reports revealed poor to moderate agreement for most single measures. Bland–Altman analysis showed that in all dimensions, both before and after treatment, the limits of agreement (LoAs) exceeded ±5 points (half of the SD and considered a maximum allowed difference).ConclusionsA significant proportion of children with chronic hepatitis C have decreased HRQL in all dimensions, but effective treatment with SOF/VEL leads to an improvement in some areas of well‐being. As the effect of HCV on HRQL is more pronounced in older patients, treatment of younger children should be indicated to prevent them from experiencing decreased HRQL due to ongoing HCV infection in the future.
Changing maternal, infant and young child nutrition practices through social and behaviour change interventions implemented at scale: Lessons learned from Alive & Thrive
Authors: Flax Valerie L. , Bose Sujata , Escobar‐DeMarco Jessica , Frongillo Edward A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlive & Thrive (A&T) is an initiative designed to advance the implementation of maternal, infant and young child nutrition (MIYCN) social and behaviour change (SBC) at a large scale. The aims of this research were to: (1) describe A&T's SBC implementation processes and their impact based on a review of programme documents and peer‐reviewed publications and (2) gather lessons learned from key informant interviews (N = 23) with A&T staff and stakeholders in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria and Vietnam. A&T's SBC approach used interpersonal communication, community mobilization and mass media to address knowledge gaps, strengthen self‐efficacy and shift social norms. The initiative used data for design and evaluation and facilitated scale and sustainability through close collaboration with governments and other stakeholders. A&T's approach increased exclusive breastfeeding, minimum meal frequency of children and use of iron and folic acid tablets by pregnant women, but had mixed impacts on early initiation of breastfeeding and maternal and child dietary diversity. Multiple SBC channels and frequent contacts strengthened the impact of SBC on MIYCN practices. Lessons learned included: using existing large‐scale platforms for interpersonal communication, improving counselling skills of health workers, delivering timely tailored messages, engaging key influencers to take specific actions, using research to address underlying behavioural concerns and maximize mass media reach and frequency, using simple memorable messages and employing additional channels to reach low media coverage areas. A&T developed and implemented at‐scale MIYCN SBC in multiple countries, providing lessons learned about intervention strategies, engagement of influencers and mass media campaign development, which governments and other implementers can adapt and replicate.
Frank Ebersole on Wittgenstein and Pictures in Philosophy
Authors: Tsilipakos Leonidas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHow do we get into trouble in philosophy, and what do pictures have to do with it? This article addresses Frank Ebersole's thoughts on (Wittgenstein's remarks on) pictures in philosophy. It identifies the puzzlement generated for Ebersole by what Wittgenstein says and also considers some puzzling aspects of Ebersole's own renderings of pictures. It distinguishes between the philosophical picture and the pictorial form in which it may be crystalized and shows how philosophy's reliance on situationally disembedded grammatical stories (pictorial or not) leads us into trouble. Accordingly, responding to such trouble consists not inrecovering thepicture, in the sense of a single “object” or image we had before our mind's eye, but in—what is better described as Ebersole's strategy of—supplying agrammatical example (pictorial or otherwise) to go with our thinking, an example that makes what we think and say clear to ourselves.