bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of anisotropic satellite quenching in galaxy clusters up to z ∼ 1
Authors: Ando Makoto , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Ito Kei 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Satellite galaxies in the cluster environment are more likely to be quenched than galaxies in the general field. Recently, it has been reported that satellite galaxy quenching depends on the orientation relative to their central galaxies: satellites along the major axis of centrals are more likely to be quenched than those along the minor axis. In this paper, we report a detection of such anisotropic quenching up to z ∼ 1 based on a large optically selected cluster catalogue constructed from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. We calculate the quiescent satellite galaxy fraction as a function of orientation angle measured from the major axis of central galaxies and find that the quiescent fractions at 0.25 &lt; z &lt; 1 are reasonably fitted by sinusoidal functions with amplitudes of a few per cent. Anisotropy is clearer in inner regions (&lt;r200m) of clusters and not significant in cluster outskirts (&gt;r200m). We also confirm that the observed anisotropy cannot be explained by differences in local galaxy density or stellar mass distribution along the two axes. Quiescent fraction excesses between the two axes suggest that the quenching efficiency contributing to the anisotropy is almost independent of stellar mass, at least down to our stellar mass limit of $M_{*}=1\times 10^{10}\, {\rm M}_{\odot }$. Finally, we argue that the physical origins of the observed anisotropy should have shorter quenching time-scales than $\sim 1\, \mathrm{Gyr}$, like ram-pressure stripping, because, for anisotropic quenching to be observed, satellites must be quenched before their initial orientation angles are significantly changed.
Laboratory rotational spectroscopy and astronomical search of ethynyl substituted naphthalene
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Peña Isabel , Cernicharo José 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
The recent interstellar detection of cyanonaphthalenes brings interest in related aromatic molecular species that could be present in similar astronomical environments. In this context, ethynyl derivatives of naphthalene are promising candidates to be observed in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1), where cyanonaphthalenes together with cyano- and ethynyl-derivatives of cyclopentadiene and benzene have been detected. To enable the interstellar searches for ethynyl derivatives of naphthalene, their pure rotational spectra need to be investigated in the laboratory. We have observed for the first time the rotational spectra of 1- and 2-ethynylnaphthalene species using a broad-band Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer operating in the 2–8 GHz frequency region. Accurate spectroscopic parameters are derived from the analysis of the experimental spectra, allowing for reliable predictions for astronomical searches. Our searches in TMC-1 for both isomers provide upper limits for the abundances of these species.
Towards the impact of GMC collisions on the star formation rate
Authors: Hunter Glen H , Clark Paul C , Glover Simon C O , Klessen Ralf S 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Collisions between giant molecular clouds (GMCs) are one of the pathways for massive star formation due to the high densities created. However, the enhancement of the star formation rate (SFR) is not well constrained. In this study, we perform a parameter study of cloud–cloud collisions and investigate how the resulting SFR depends on the details of set-up. Our parameter study explores variations in collision speed, magnetic field inclination (with respect to the collisional axis), and resolution, as defined by the number of cells per Jeans length. In all our collision simulations, we find a factor of 2–3 increase in the SFR compared to our no collision simulation, with star formation beginning sooner with (a) high collisional velocities, (b) parallel orientation between the magnetic field and collision axis, (c) and lower resolution. The mean virial parameter of high density (and thus possible star-forming) gas increases with collisional velocity, but has little variation with magnetic field inclination. The alignment of the velocity and magnetic field remains uniform in low-density environments but becomes more perpendicular with increasing density, indicating the compression of the magnetic field by collapsing gas. Comparing the trends in the SFR with other GMC collision studies, we find good agreement with studies that account for the gravitational boundedness of the gas in their star formation algorithm, but not with those that simply form stars above a prescribed density threshold. This suggests that the latter approach should be used with caution when modelling star formation on resolved cloud scales.
Dissecting the active galactic nucleus in Circinus – III. VLT/FORS2 polarimetry confirms dusty cone illuminated by a tilted accretion disc
Authors: Stalevski Marko , González-Gaitán Santiago , Savić Đorđe , Kishimoto Makoto , Mourão Ana , Lopez-Rodriguez Enrique , Asmus Daniel 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
We present polarimetric maps of the Circinus galaxy nucleus in the BVRI bands, obtained with VLT/FORS2. Circinus is the closest Seyfert 2 galaxy and harbours an archetypal obscured active galactic nucleus (AGN). Recent high angular resolution imaging revealed that a major fraction of its mid-infrared (MIR) emission is coming from the polar region. Previously, we demonstrated that these observations are consistent with a model of a compact dusty disc and a hyperboloid shell, resembling a hollow cone on larger scales. Here, we focus on the AGN core, up to 40 pc from the central engine, and compare the observations to the radiative transfer models. Polarization maps reveal a conical structure, coinciding with the ionization cone. The wavelength-dependence of the polarization degree indicates that scattering on dust grains is producing polarization. The observed polarization degree ($\approx 1-3{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) is lower than predicted by the models; however, this is only a lower limit, since stellar emission dominates the total flux in the optical. The observed polarization angle (≈30°) is reproduced by the model of a dusty disc with a hollow cone that is illuminated by a tilted anisotropic central source. An accretion disc aligned with the ionization cone axis, and alternative dust geometries, such as a paraboloid shell, or a torus enveloped by ambient dust, are inconsistent with the data. We conclude that the optical polarimetric imaging supports earlier evidence for the presence of dust in the polar region, tentatively associated with dusty outflows.
Chromatic optical polarization of BL Lac: while faint and bright
Authors: Shablovinskaya Elena , Malygin Eugene , Oparin Dmitry 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Due to the first results on astrophysical X-ray polarization provided by IXPE observatory, the interest in wavelength-dependent synchrotron polarization of BL Lac-type objects increases. This paper presents the results of multiband optical observations of the well-known blazar named BL Lac (z = 0.069) in polarized light. It was shown that the object’s emission, regardless of its phase of activity, is characterized by the intraday variability of brightness and polarization with changes occurring on a time-scale of up to 1.5 h without any stable oscillation period. Polarimetric observations in the different optical bands show that the degree and angle of polarization of the blazar depend on the wavelength, and the maximum chromatism, as well as the maximum observed polarization degree, was detected during the minimum brightness state; during the flare state, the polarization chromatism changed along with the flux gradient on the time-scale of an hour. Qualitatively, such behaviour can be described by the shock-in-jet model, yet the chromatism amplitude and its rapid changes differ significantly from the model predictions and challenge the numerical calculations.
Improving external shell volume estimation in snails using landmark-based size measurements
Authors: Osborne Teresa Rose , Stehman Stephen V 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACTShell images in digital collections and publications enable taxonomically, geographically and morphologically broad approaches to studying gastropod body size. Because traditional linear size measurements are not directly comparable across morphologically disparate taxa, we propose a transition to landmark-based size measurements, which are less sensitive to shape differences. Traditional and landmark-based size measurements were compared using two study systems: 36 specimens of diplommatinid micromolluscs from the Belau archipelago and 66 marine, freshwater and terrestrial gastropod shells from the Roosevelt Wild Life Collections (RWLC; housed at the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA). Belau diplommatinids were used to assess the effectiveness of size measurements when comparing confamilial specimens. This study system was most sensitive to methodologically introduced variance. RWLC shells were used to assess measurement effectiveness when comparing morphologically disparate taxa. A total of seven size variables measured from 2D images were compared, three variables based on interlandmark distances and four based on linear shell dimensions. Landmark-based size measurements were centroid size, a proposed new measurement dubbed size adjusted mean (SAM) and its rescaled version, SAM1/3. The linear dimension-based measurements were maximum, mean and geometric mean of shell height and width, as well as conical volume (volume of a cone with similar dimensions to specimen). Measurement accuracy was assessed by regressing external shell volume against each size measurement. For Belau diplommatinids, centroid size and maximum shell dimension most accurately predicted external shell volume. For RWLC shells, conical volume followed by SAM1/3 and geometric mean shell dimension were the most accurate predictors. Repeatability was assessed by computing % measurement error (%ME). Maximum shell dimension was most repeatable (%ME = 4.19%) for Belau diplommatinids, followed by centroid size (7.76%). Conical volume (%ME = 0.0039%) and maximum shell dimension (0.0073%) were most repeatable for RWLC shells. In both study systems, SAM1/3 was the land-mark-based size measurement most robust to missing landmarks, followed by centroid size. Based on these findings, we recommend using centroid size to compare congeneric or confamilial specimens and using conical volume to compare morphologically or taxonomically disparate specimens. However, conical volume could not be calculated when shell height or width data are unavailable. In such cases, we recommend comparing morphologically disparate shells using SAM1/3.
Pancan-MNVQTLdb: systematic identification of multi-nucleotide variant quantitative trait loci in 33 cancer types
Authors: Wang Dongyang , Cao Wen , Yang Wenqian , Jin Weiwei , Luo Haohui , Niu Xiaohui , Gong Jing 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Multi-nucleotide variants (MNVs) are defined as clusters of two or more nearby variants existing on the same haplotype in an individual. Recent studies have identified millions of MNVs in human populations, but their functions remain largely unknown. Numerous studies have demonstrated that single-nucleotide variants could serve as quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by affecting molecular phenotypes. Therefore, we propose that MNVs can also affect molecular phenotypes by influencing regulatory elements. Using the genotype data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we first identified 223 759 unique MNVs in 33 cancer types. Then, to decipher the functions of these MNVs, we investigated the associations between MNVs and six molecular phenotypes, including coding gene expression, miRNA expression, lncRNA expression, alternative splicing, DNA methylation and alternative polyadenylation. As a result, we identified 1 397 821 cis-MNVQTLs and 402 381 trans-MNVQTLs. We further performed survival analysis and identified 46 173 MNVQTLs associated with patient overall survival. We also linked the MNVQTLs to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and identified 119 762 MNVQTLs that overlap with existing GWAS loci. Finally, we developed Pancan-MNVQTLdb (http://gong_lab.hzau.edu.cn/mnvQTLdb/) for data retrieval and download. Pancan-MNVQTLdb will help decipher the functions of MNVs in different cancer types and be an important resource for genetic and cancer research.
“I Can’t Make Perfect Choices All the Time”: Perspectives on Tobacco Harm Reduction Among Young Adults Who Identify as Sexual and Gender Minorities
Authors: Antin Tamar M J , Sanders Emile , Lipperman-Kreda Sharon , Annechino Rachelle , Peterkin Elaina 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Introduction
Cigarette smoking is among the most harmful ways to consume nicotine and tends to be concentrated among socially marginalized groups of people, including sexual and gender minorities (SGM). Though some approaches to tobacco control in the United States are harm reduction strategies (eg, smoke-free environments), often abstinence is an explicitly stated goal and discussions of tobacco harm reduction (THR) are controversial, particularly for young people. Despite this controversy in the tobacco field, emerging research suggests that THR may be gaining momentum as a “community-led” rather than “public health-led” health practice. To date, little is known about how SGM young adults negotiate their use of tobacco products, particularly in terms of minimizing the harms associated with smoking.

Aims and Methods
We conducted 100 in-depth interviews with SGM young adults ages 18–25 years living in the San Francisco Bay Area, to better understand participant perceptions and everyday practices related to THR.

Results
A thematic analysis of interview narratives revealed the ways in which participants relied upon various THR strategies while balancing their well-being within the context of broader socio-structural harms. Participants’ narratives also underscored beliefs about the importance of pragmatic, nonjudgmental, and person-centered approaches to preventing inequities in tobacco-related illnesses.

Conclusions
Findings represent a significant departure from the mainstream discourse in the U. S. surrounding THR, by revealing how understanding the practice of THR among SGM young adults who use nicotine and tobacco can be instrumental in shaping approaches to tobacco control policy and prevention that may ultimately help to reduce inequities in tobacco-related illnesses.

Implications
Findings from this study present the perspectives and practices of THR among sexual and gender minority young adults and emphasize the importance of integrating this approach in tobacco control to better achieve tobacco-related equity. Results can be used to better design tobacco prevention, treatment, and policy strategies that are compassionate and responsive to the needs of these important priority populations.
COVID-Specific Long-term Sequelae in Comparison to Common Viral Respiratory Infections: An Analysis of 17 487 Infected Adult Patients
Authors: Baskett William I , Qureshi Adnan I , Shyu Daniel , Armer Jane M , Shyu Chi-Ren 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundA better understanding of long-term health effects after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become one of the health care priorities in the current pandemic. We analyzed a large and diverse patient cohort to study health effects related to SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring &gt;1 month postinfection.MethodsWe analyzed 17 487 patients who received diagnoses for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a total of 122 health care facilities in the United States before April 14, 2022. Patients were propensity score–matched with patients diagnosed with the common cold, influenza, or viral pneumonia from March 1, 2020, to April 1, 2021. For each outcome, SARS-CoV-2 was compared with a generic viral respiratory infection (VRI) by predicting diagnoses in the period between 30 and 365 days postinfection. Both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and VRI patients were propensity score–matched with patients with no record of COVID-19 or VRI, and the same methodology was applied. Diagnoses where COVID-19 infection was a significant positive predictor in both COVID-19 vs VRI and COVID-19 vs control comparisons were considered COVID-19-specific effects.ResultsCompared with common VRIs, SARS-CoV-2 was associated with diagnoses of palpitations, hair loss, fatigue, chest pain, dyspnea, joint pain, and obesity in the postinfectious period.ConclusionsWe identify that some diagnoses commonly described as “long COVID” do not appear significantly more frequent post–COVID-19 infection compared with other common VRIs. We also identify sequelae that are specifically associated with a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Substance Use Treatment Utilization Among Women With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Fujita Ayako W , Ramakrishnan Aditi , Mehta C Christina , Yusuf Oyindamola B , Wilson Tracey , Shoptaw Steven , Carrico Adam W , Adimora Adaora A , Eaton Ellen , Cohen Mardge H , Cohen Jennifer , Adedimeji Adebola , Plankey Michael , Jones Deborah , Chandran Aruna , Colasanti Jonathan A , Sheth Anandi N 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Substance use (SU) contributes to poor health outcomes, yet limited data exist to inform strategies to optimize SU treatment among persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe SU and SU treatment utilization among women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).

Methods
We included data from women enrolled in WIHS from 2013 to 2020. Current SU was self-reported, nonmedical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. SU treatment utilization was self-reported use of a drug treatment program in the past year. Multivariable regression models were used to investigate associations between participant characteristics and SU treatment.

Results
Among 2559 women (1802 women living with HIV [WWH], 757 women without HIV), 14% reported current SU. Among those with current SU (n = 367), 71% reported crack/cocaine followed by 40% reporting opioids, and 42% reported any treatment in the past year. The most common treatments were methadone (64%), Narcotics Anonymous (29%), inpatient programs (28%), and outpatient programs (16%). Among women using opioids (n = 147), 67% reported methadone use in the past year compared to 5% using buprenorphine/naloxone. Multivariable analysis showed lower odds of treatment utilization among WWH with concurrent alcohol or marijuana use. Visiting a psychiatrist/counselor was associated with higher odds of treatment. Among WWH, SU treatment was not associated with HIV-related clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
Treatment utilization was high, especially for methadone use. Our results highlight opportunities for accessing SU treatment for WWH, such as the need to prioritize buprenorphine and comprehensive, wraparound services in HIV care settings.
Otosyphilis
Authors: Witt Lucy S , Wendy Fujita A , Ho Jeanne , Shin Yoo Mee , Kobaidze Ketino , Workowski Kimberly 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Otosyphilis can be challenging to diagnose, but, if left unrecognized, it may cause irreversible damage. An immunologic interplay between syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) makes coinfection likely and may predispose people with HIV to neurosyphilis. In this study, we present a case of a man in his 50s with hearing loss and vertigo diagnosed with otosyphilis as well as a new diagnosis of HIV. This case and corresponding discussion serve to inform the noninfectious disease-trained clinician of the symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment options for otosyphilis as well as to discuss the relationship between HIV and syphilis and demonstrate the importance of disease recognition.
Integrated Infectious Disease and Substance Use Disorder Care for the Treatment of Injection Drug Use–Associated Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Control
Authors: Serota David P , Rosenbloom Liza , Hervera Belén , Seo Grace , Feaster Daniel J , Metsch Lisa R , Suarez Edward , Chueng Teresa A , Hernandez Salma , Rodriguez Allan E , Tookes Hansel E , Doblecki-Lewis Susanne , Bartholomew Tyler S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
To address the infectious disease (ID) and substance use disorder (SUD) syndemic, we developed an integrated ID/SUD clinical team rooted in harm reduction at a county hospital in Miami, Florida. The Severe Injection-Related Infection (SIRI) team treats people who inject drugs (PWID) and provides medical care, SUD treatment, and patient navigation during hospitalization and after hospital discharge. We assessed the impact of the SIRI team on ID and SUD treatment and healthcare utilization outcomes.

Methods
We prospectively collected data on patients seen by the SIRI team. A diagnostic code algorithm confirmed by chart review was used to identify a historical control group of patients with SIRI hospitalizations in the year preceding implementation of the SIRI team. The primary outcome was death or readmission within 90 days post–hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and antibiotic course completion.

Results
There were 129 patients included in the study: 59 in the SIRI team intervention and 70 in the pre-SIRI team control group. SIRI team patients had a 45% risk reduction (aRR, 0.55 [95% confidence interval CI, .32–.95]; 24% vs 44%) of being readmitted in 90 days or dying compared to pre-SIRI historical controls. SIRI team patients were more likely to initiate MOUD in the hospital (93% vs 33%, P &lt; .01), complete antibiotic treatment (90% vs 60%, P &lt; .01), and less likely to have patient-directed discharge (17% vs 37%, P = .02).

Conclusions
An integrated ID/SUD team was associated with improvements in healthcare utilization, MOUD initiation, and antibiotic completion for PWID with infections.
Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Regeneration from Differentiated Cells: Approaches from Historical Tissue Culture Systems
Authors: Morinaka Hatsune , Coleman Duncan , Sugimoto Keiko , Iwase Akira 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPlants can exert remarkable capacity for cell reprogramming even from differentiated cells. This ability allows plants to regenerate tissues/organs and even individuals in nature and in vitro. In recent decades, Arabidopsis research has uncovered molecular mechanisms of plant regeneration; however, our understanding of how plant cells retain both differentiated status and developmental plasticity is still obscure. In this review, we first provide a brief outlook of the representative modes of plant regeneration and key factors revealed by Arabidopsis research. We then re-examine historical tissue culture systems that enable us to investigate the molecular details of cell reprogramming in differentiated cells and discuss the different approaches, specifically highlighting our recent progress in shoot regeneration from the epidermal cell of Torenia fournieri.