bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work-based measurement of k with a spring-mass system: a demo of the work done by a variable force
Authors: Pili Unofre B 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article details the use of the concept of the work done by a variable force in measuring the spring constant of the spring in a spring-mass system. The raw data used in the experiment is similar to the one used in measuring the same quantity, but by directly invoking Hooke’s law, in which the slope of the linear plot of the applied force as a function of the spring elongation directly yields the spring constant. Slightly different, the work done approach showed in this article allows for the measurement of the spring constant by plotting the work done of the applied force as a function of the square of the elongation. The result is accurate to within less than 1.00%. Aside from a work-based determination of a spring constant, the current lab activity can be regarded as a demonstration of the concept of the work done by a variable force as well. Moreover, the concept of the integral of a function—as well as that of the area of the triangle—being equal to the area bounded by the graph of the same function has an appearance in this paper. Therefore, the potential utility of this work as a physics-based illustration of the area of the triangle and of one of the fundamentals of integral calculus.
Reduction of scan duration and radiation dose in cerebral CT perfusion imaging of acute stroke using a recurrent neural network
Authors: Dashtbani Moghari Mahdieh , Sanaat Amirhossein , Young Noel , Moore Krystal , Zaidi Habib , Evans Andrew , Fulton Roger R , Kyme Andre Z 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective. Cerebral CT perfusion (CTP) imaging is most commonly used to diagnose acute ischaemic stroke and support treatment decisions. Shortening CTP scan duration is desirable to reduce the accumulated radiation dose and the risk of patient head movement. In this study, we present a novel application of a stochastic adversarial video prediction approach to reduce CTP imaging acquisition time. Approach. A variational autoencoder and generative adversarial network (VAE-GAN) were implemented in a recurrent framework in three scenarios: to predict the last 8 (24 s), 13 (31.5 s) and 18 (39 s) image frames of the CTP acquisition from the first 25 (36 s), 20 (28.5 s) and 15 (21 s) acquired frames, respectively. The model was trained using 65 stroke cases and tested on 10 unseen cases. Predicted frames were assessed against ground-truth in terms of image quality and haemodynamic maps, bolus shape characteristics and volumetric analysis of lesions. Main results. In all three prediction scenarios, the mean percentage error between the area, full-width-at-half-maximum and maximum enhancement of the predicted and ground-truth bolus curve was less than 4 ± 4%. The best peak signal-to-noise ratio and structural similarity of predicted haemodynamic maps was obtained for cerebral blood volume followed (in order) by cerebral blood flow, mean transit time and time to peak. For the 3 prediction scenarios, average volumetric error of the lesion was overestimated by 7%–15%, 11%–28% and 7%–22% for the infarct, penumbra and hypo-perfused regions, respectively, and the corresponding spatial agreement for these regions was 67%–76%, 76%–86% and 83%–92%. Significance. This study suggests that a recurrent VAE-GAN could potentially be used to predict a portion of CTP frames from truncated acquisitions, preserving the majority of clinical content in the images, and potentially reducing the scan duration and radiation dose simultaneously by 65% and 54.5%, respectively.
The timescale of thermal quench during disruptions in EAST
Authors: Xia W , Zeng L , Tang T , Chen D , Duan Y , Zhu X , Ti A , Shi T , Xu L , Huang Y , Gao X 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since 2015, the timescale of thermal quench (TQ) during disruptions on the EAST tokamak has been examined using electron cyclotron emission and soft x-ray diagnostic systems. The database includes both major disruptions (MDs) and hot vertical displacement events (VDEs), where the TQ duration of the former is within 56–788 μs, and the latter is approximately within 100–3000 μs. In particular, for MDs, the lower bound of TQ duration, indicating the minimum durations at different current plateaus, decreases as the plasma current increases. This decrease is due to the connection length shortening and the plasma temperature increasing. For MDs, two typical TQ processes, single-stage TQ and double-stage TQ, are characterized by different magnetic perturbations. In single-stage TQ, a fast-loss stage is triggered by magnetic perturbation exceeding 4.3 × 10−3 T with a fast growth rate of 1.5 × 10−2
μs−1. In contrast, fast quench is triggered by a slightly smaller magnetic perturbation of 3.6 × 10−3 T in double-stage TQ, and the growth rate 5.3 × 10−3
μs−1 is an order of magnitude smaller than single-stage TQ. For hot VDEs, the plasma temperature collapses step by step from the edge to the core, and every progressive collapse corresponds to a magnetic perturbation, whose growth rate is approximately equal to or less than double-stage TQ. The whole process of TQ energy release can be divided into the transport in a stochastic field within the separatrix and in the scrape-off layer and, according to the typical parameters of EAST, TQ duration in MDs is roughly estimated to be 245 μs by an approximate formula, which is consistent with the experimental results.
Analysis of the seventh-order Caputo fractional KdV equation: applications to the Sawada–Kotera–Ito and Lax equations
Authors: Ahmad Shabir , Saifullah Sayed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, we investigate the seventh-order nonlinear Caputo time-fractional KdV equation. The suggested model’s solutions, which have a series form, are obtained using the hybrid ZZ-transform under the aforementioned fractional operator. The proposed approach combines the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and the ZZ-transform. We consider two specific examples with suitable initial conditions and find the series solution to test their applicability. To demonstrate the utility of the presented technique, we explore its applications to the fractional Sawada–Kotera–Ito problem and the Lax equation. We observe the impact of a few fractional orders on the wave solution evolution for the problems under consideration. We provide the efficiency and reliability of the ZZHPM by calculating the absolute error between the series solution and the exact solution of both the Sawada–Kotera–Ito and Lax equations. The convergence and uniqueness of the solution are portrayed via fixed-point theory.
Reconstruction of tokamak plasma safety factor profile using deep learning
Authors: Wei Xishuo , Sun Shuying , Tang William , Lin Zhihong , Du Hongfei , Dong Ge 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The motional Stark effect (MSE) diagnostic has been a standard measurement for the magnetic field line pitch angle in tokamaks that are equipped with neutral beams. However, the MSE data are not always available due to experimental constraints, especially in future devices without neutral beams. Here we develop a deep-learning based model (SGTC-QR) that can reconstruct the safety factor profile without the MSE diagnostic to mimic the traditional equilibrium reconstruction with the MSE constraint. The model demonstrates promising performance, and the sub-millisecond inference time is compatible with the real-time plasma control system.
X-ray imaging with Micromegas detectors with optical readout
Authors: Cools A. , Aune S. , Beau F. , Brunbauer F.M. , Benoit T. , Desforge D. , Ferrer-Ribas E. , Kallitsopoulou A. , Malgorn C. , Oliveri E. , Papaevangelou T. , Pollacco E.C. , Ropelewski L. , Sari A. , Iguaz F.J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the last years, optical readout of Micromegas gaseous detectors has been achieved by implementing a Micromegas detector on a glass anode coupled to a CMOS camera. Effective X-ray radiography was demonstrated using integrated imaging approach. High granularity values have been reached for low-energy X-rays from radioactive sources and X-ray generators.

Detector characterization with X-ray radiography has led to two applications: neutron imaging for non-destructive examination of highly gamma-ray emitting objects and beta imaging for the single cell activity tagging in the field of oncology drug studies.

First measurements investigating the achievable spatial resolution of the glass Micromegas detector at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility with a high-intensity and flat irradiation field will be shown in this article.
On the REM approximation of TAP free energies
Authors: Kistler Nicola , Schmidt Marius A , Sebastiani Giulia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The free energy of TAP-solutions for the SK-model of mean field spin glasses can be expressed as a nonlinear functional of local terms: we exploit this feature in order to contrive abstract REM-like models which we then solve by a classical large deviations treatment. This allows to identify the origin of the physically unsettling quadratic (in the inverse of temperature) correction to the Parisi free energy for the SK-model, and formalizes the true cavity dynamics which acts on TAP-space, i.e. on the space of TAP-solutions. From a non-spin glass point of view, this work is the first in a series of refinements which addresses the stability of hierarchical structures in models of evolving populations.
An investigation on the adhesion of dual-scale micro-nano composite structure on the surface of aluminum
Authors: Yao Dong , Shi Guangfeng , Zhang Jingran , Meng Siwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Adhesion is a crucial characteristic of hydrophobic surfaces that significantly impacts their practical applications. This paper proposes an innovative method for preparing a dual-scale micro-nano composite structure surface by combining mechanical ruling and anodic oxidation, which demonstrates great potential in enhancing hydrophobic surface properties. Through the analysis of the influence of micro-groove depth on the adhesion of hydrophobic surfaces, it has been discovered that micro-groove dimensions can be used to control surface adhesion while maintaining hydrophobicity, without complex chemical modifications. These findings present a promising approach for tailoring the properties of hydrophobic surfaces to suit specific applications. Compared with the single-scale micro-groove array structures, the surface roughness of the dual-scale micro-nano composite structures is significantly increased, and the contact angle of the water droplet is significantly increased. At the same time, the hydrophobicity and adhesion of the surface of the dual-scale micro-nano composite structures were analyzed. The results show that after anodizing, the contact angle of the dual-scale micro-nano composite structure surface increases, and the surface adhesion can be controlled by adjusting the structural parameters of the micro-groove and the anodizing process parameters, to ensure that the surface presents hydrophobic property while realizing the controllable adhesion of the hydrophobic surface. In this paper, dual-scale micro-nano composite structures fabricated by the composite method have achieved hydrophobic properties, and the surface adhesion can be effectively controlled by adjusting the processing parameters. This method has certain reference significance for the preparation of the controllable adhesive hydrophobic surface and lays a foundation for the further study of the controllable adhesive hydrophobic surface.
A comparison of three approaches to measuring frailty to determine adverse health outcomes in critically ill patients
Authors: Hao Benchuan , Chen Tao , Qin Ji , Meng Wenwen , Bai Weimin , Zhao Libo , Ou Xianwen , Liu Hongbin , Xu Weihao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
studies comparing different frailty measures in intensive care unit settings are lacking. We aimed to compare the frailty index based on physiological and laboratory tests (FI-Lab), modified frailty index (MFI) and hospital frailty risk score (HFRS) to predict short-term outcomes for critically ill patients.

Methods
we conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality and discharge with need for nursing care.

Results
the primary analysis was conducted with 21,421 eligible critically ill patients. After adjusting for confounding variables, frailty as diagnosed by all three frailty measures was found to be significantly associated with increased in-hospital mortality. In addition, frail patients were more likely to receive further nursing care after being discharged. All three frailty scores could improve the discrimination ability of the initial model generated by baseline characteristics for adverse outcomes. The FI-Lab had the best predictive ability for in-hospital mortality, whereas the HFRS had the best predictive performance for discharge with need for nursing care amongst the three frailty measures. A combination of the FI-Lab with either the HFRS or MFI improved the identification of critically ill patients at increased risk of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions
frailty, as assessed by the HFRS, MFI and FI-Lab, was associated with short-term survival and discharge with need for nursing care amongst critically ill patients. The FI-Lab was a better predictor of in-hospital mortality than the HFRS and MFI. Future studies focusing on FI-Lab are warranted.
The Historical Origins of the Horizontal Effect Problem in the United States and Japan: How the Reach of Constitutional Rights into the Private Sphere Became a Problem
Authors: Shimizu Jun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This Article examines the historical origins of the horizontal effect problem in the United States and Japan. In the United States, from the founding era to the nineteenth century, jurists considered common law rights and constitutional rights had the same scope. Lawyers in the nineteenth century considered that the Due Process Clauses protected common law rights, which originally developed in private litigations. For example, private parties as well as the government shall not infringe on liberty of contract. However, this circumstance changed after the constitutional revolution in 1937. The concept of constitutional rights, distinct from common law rights, has gradually developed since then. The problem of horizontality appears because of the historical fact that constitutional rights and common law rights diverged at that time. In 1946, the framers and lawyers in Japan had the idea that the Constitution applied to private spheres. They expected the government to enforce the Constitution in all legal areas, including private relations. This is because just after World War II, Japan experienced various liberal and progressive social reforms. However, Japanese politics ultimately became conservative. The conservative Liberal Democratic Party had constantly ruled the government. Japanese liberal scholars could no longer expect the government to impose liberal ideologies upon society and they needed an intellectual weapon to combat the government. Japanese lawyers have rebuilt a constitutional theory that constitutional rights are a bulwark of individual liberties against the government, and that the rights only apply to governmental actions. From the time that constitutional theory emerged on, Japanese jurists have had to tackle the horizontality problem.
Wither the subspecies? An ecological perspective on taxonomic, environmental and sexual determinants of phenotypic variation in big-eared woolly bats, Chrotopterus auritus
Authors: Stevens Richard D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Continuous phenotypic variation reflecting geographical clines can be difficult to distinguish from subspecific discontinuities when specimens are few and heterogeneously distributed. Nonetheless, increases in the holdings of museum collections over recent decades contribute to our ability to resolve more fine-scaled phenotypic gradients for many species. Although the big-eared woolly bat (Chrotopterus auritus) is not commonly encountered and thus poorly represented in museum collections, sufficient numbers have accumulated to allow an assessment of subspecific, sexual, spatial and environmental components of phenotypic variation. I examined 123 specimens from across the distribution of C. auritus and characterized the phenotype based on external, cranial and mandibular characteristics. I decomposed variation into components based on univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. All components accounted for significant phenotypic variation. Nonetheless, when examined together and after accounting for correlated variation among components, only sexual, spatial and environmental components accounted for significant unique variation. This, combined with the observation that all qualitative characteristics used to define subspecies of C. auritus can be observed throughout its geographical range, suggest that phenotypic variation is clinal and not characterized by discontinuities reflective of subspecies. Clinal variation was most strongly related to temperature and its seasonality, highlighting the important role played by these climatic characteristics in many aspects of the biology of Phyllostomidae.
Policy Practice in Non-profit Ethnic Minority Organisations: Tension Axes and Supportive Intra-Organisational Conditions
Authors: Awad-Elias Janan , Nouman Hani 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite growing interest in the involvement of social workers in policy design processes, this concept has been narrowly examined from the perspective of social workers who belong to ethnic minority groups and who are employed in non-profit ethnic minority organisations (NPEMOs) in multicultural societies. The present research sought to understand how the ethnic identity of minority social workers affects their perception to act in policy arenas within their employment in NPEMOs, and to identify the intra-organisational conditions that prompt and support this involvement. Relying on in-depth interviews conducted with social workers from the Arab minority group in Israel who operate in policy arenas, we demonstrate that this involvement is characterised by dealing with axes of tension and is supported by intra-organisational conditions, which include organisational procedures, organisational cohesion and participation in collective action. The research contributes to expanding the understanding of policy practice in social work in multicultural societies, in the organisational contexts of race, equality and social justice.
Corticostriatal beta oscillation changes associated with cognitive function in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Paulo Danika L , Qian Helen , Subramanian Deeptha , Johnson Graham W , Zhao Zixiang , Hett Kilian , Kang Hakmook , Chris Kao C , Roy Noah , Summers Jessica E , Claassen Daniel O , Dhima Kaltra , Bick Sarah K 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Cognitive impairment is the most frequent non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease and is associated with deficits in a number of cognitive functions including working memory. However, the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease cognitive impairment is poorly understood. Beta oscillations have previously been shown to play an important role in cognitive functions including working memory encoding. Decreased dopamine in motor cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits increases the spectral power of beta oscillations and results in Parkinson’s disease motor symptoms. Analogous changes in parallel cognitive CSTC circuits involving the caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) may contribute to Parkinson’s disease cognitive impairment.
The objective of our study is to evaluate whether changes in beta oscillations in the caudate and DLPFC contribute to cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease patients. To investigate this, we used local field potential recordings during deep brain stimulation surgery in 15 patients with Parkinson’s disease. Local field potentials were recorded from DLPFC and caudate at rest and during a working memory task. We examined changes in beta oscillatory power during the working memory task as well as the relationship of beta oscillatory activity to preoperative cognitive status, as determined from neuropsychological testing results. We additionally conducted exploratory analyses on the relationship between cognitive impairment and task-based changes in spectral power in additional frequency bands.
Spectral power of beta oscillations decreased in both DLPFC and caudate during working memory encoding and increased in these structures during feedback. Subjects with cognitive impairment had smaller decreases in caudate and DLPFC beta oscillatory power during encoding. In our exploratory analysis, we found that similar differences occurred in alpha frequencies in caudate and theta and alpha in DLPFC.
Our findings suggest that oscillatory power changes in cognitive CSTC circuits may contribute to cognitive symptoms in patients with Parkinson’s disease. These findings may inform the future development of novel neuromodulatory treatments for cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.
Using Zhang’s supertension-relieving suture technique with slowly-absorbable barbed sutures in the management of pathological scars: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Min Peiru , Zhang Shunuo , Sinaki Dorsa Gholamali , Yao Ping , Hu Fuhua , Wang Xin , Zhou Danya , Chai Jun , Zhang Yixin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAn ideal tension-relieving suture should be efficient for &gt;3 months to retrieve normal tensile strength. Most preexisting suturing techniques provided tension elimination followed by relapse and scar proliferation due to absorption and cut-through of the sutures. This study introduces a simple but effective suture technique developed by a senior author (ZYX) to solve this problem.MethodsA total of 120 patients with pathological scar (PS) had intervention treatment with the proposed suturing strategy at three centers from January 2018 to January 2021. A slowly absorbable 2–0 barbed suture was used for subcutaneous tension relieving with a set-back from the wound edge and a horizontal interval between proposed inserting points of 1 cm. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), scar width, perfusion and eversion of the wound edge were evaluated at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up. The time needed to place the tension-relieving suture was recorded and relapse was monitored for 18 months postoperatively.ResultsIn total, 76 trunks, 32 extremities and 12 cervical PS were included, with an average subcutaneous tension-relieving suture time of 5 min. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) score decreased from 84.70 ± 7.06 preoperatively to 28.83 ± 3.09, 26.14 ± 1.92 and 24.71 ± 2.00 at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). The scar widths were 0.17 ± 0.08, 0.25 ± 0.09 and 0.33 ± 0.10 cm, respectively, with perfusion significantly decreased from 213.64 ± 14.97 to 112.23 ± 8.18 at 6 months (p &lt; 0.0001). The wound edge flattened out during the first 3 months in most cases with only two scar relapses.ConclusionsZhang’s suture technique provides a rapid and long-lasting tension-relieving effect with ideal scar appearances and lower relapse rates in the surgical management of PS.
The Art of Not Being Seen: The Politics of Money
Authors: Peacock Mark 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis essay reviews Stefan Eich’s book, The Currency of Politics: The Political Theory of Money from Aristotle to Keynes, Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 2022. Eich reveals the political interventions, both theoretical and practical, that have led to the appearance that money is not to be politicized or subject to democratic control. Although mildly critical of Eich’s book, the review above all serves the constructive purpose of building upon Eich’s insights by selectively examining the theories of money and episodes from monetary history in and through which the politics of money has been contested.