bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TeV afterglow emission from a multi-component GRB jet using the kinetic approach
Authors: Hope John P , van Eerten Hendrik J , Kundu Sayan , Schady Patricia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Recent years have seen a growing sample of TeV emission detections in gamma-ray burst afterglows, as well as an increasing role for structured jets in afterglow modelling. Using a kinetic approach, we show that the structure of an afterglow jet impacts its TeV emission, with jets where the energy falls off more sharply with angle showing a decrease in Inverse Compton (IC) peak flux relative to synchrotron peak flux. We use a modified version of the code katu, to which we have added adiabatic expansion and a fully self-consistent treatment of IC cooling both for the electron and photon populations. We compare our results to the semi-analytical code afterglowpy, finding a good agreement with our model except at early times off axis where the effects of baryon loading are important. We compare electron cooling in the cases where there is no IC cooling, Thomson cooling and an inclusion of Klein-Nishina effects, finding that the spectra can only be distinguished if the Compton potential is significantly increased. The smooth and gradual transition of our KN cooling also leads to a disparity in the cooling between our results and semi-analytical solutions based on asymptotic limits. Finally, we combine best fit parameters from afterglowpy to reproduce the light curves of GRB 170817A in our model. For our choice of parameters, we find that GRB 170817 would not have been detected in the TeV domain if seen on-axis, even by the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory.
Dual improvement of alopecia areata and immune thrombocytopenia with baricitinib: a case report
Authors: Moon Chelsea , Park Sarah E , Hsiao Jennifer L , Lee Katrina H 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The oral Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alopecia areata (AA). We report a case of dual improvement of AA and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) with oral baricitinib monotherapy, which may suggest linked autoimmune pathophysiology. In phase III clinical trials of baricitinib for AA, reports of rare adverse haematological events include neutropenia and anaemia. While a history of haematological comorbidities may raise concern for many clinicians when considering treatment with a JAK inhibitor, this clinical vignette suggests that baricitinib may be considered and safely administered in those with concomitant AA and ITP. A 56-year-old man with a history of AA, ITP and vitiligo presented to the clinic for relapse of his steroid-resistant hair loss which had previously been treated with tofacitinib. In consultation with the patient’s haematologist, baricitinib 2 mg daily was started with close platelet monitoring then doubled to 4 mg after platelets showed improvement at the 6-month follow-up. Fourteen months after initiating baricitinib, improvement in white and dark hair regrowth was observed, and platelets remained normal. Thus, baricitinib may be considered for the dual treatment of AA and ITP with regular platelet monitoring and co-management with haematology colleagues.
REM Refines and Rescues Memory Representations: A New Theory
Authors: Shuster Alessandra E , Morehouse Allison , McDevitt Elizabeth A , Chen Pin-Chun , Whitehurst Lauren N , Zhang Jing , Sattari Negin , Uzoigwe Tracy , Ekhlasi Ali , Cai Denise , Simon Katherine , Niethard Niels , Mednick Sara C 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite extensive evidence on the roles of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and REM sleep in memory processing, a comprehensive model that integrates their complementary functions remains elusive due to a lack of mechanistic understanding of REM’s role in offline memory processing. We present the REM Refining and Rescuing (RnR) Hypothesis, which posits that the principal function of REM sleep is to increase the signal-to-noise ratio within and across memory representations. As such, REM sleep selectively enhances essential nodes within a memory representation while inhibiting the majority (Refine). Additionally, REM sleep modulates weak and strong memory representations so they fall within a similar range of recallability (Rescue). Across multiple NREM-REM cycles, tuning functions of individual memory traces get sharpened, allowing for integration of shared features across representations. We hypothesize that REM sleep’s unique cellular, neuromodulatory, and electrophysiological milieu, marked by greater inhibition and a mixed autonomic state of both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, underpins these processes. The RnR Hypothesis offers a unified framework that explains diverse behavioral and neural outcomes associated with REM sleep, paving the way for future research and a more comprehensive model of sleep-dependent cognitive functions.
A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings
Authors: Riley-Gibson Edward , Hall Alix , Shoesmith Adam , Wolfenden Luke , Shelton Rachel C , Pascoe William , Peden Belinda , Doherty Emma , Pollock Emma , Booth Debbie , Salloum Ramzi G , Laur Celia , Powell Byron J , Kingsland Melanie , Lane Cassandra , Hailemariam Maji , Sutherland Rachel , Nathan Nicole 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This review assessed the effect of strategies designed to sustain the delivery of evidenced based interventions (EBIs) which target behavioural risk factors linked to leading causes of chronic disease in clinical and community settings. Seven electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled studies published from earliest record to November 2022. Studies were included if they tested a strategy to sustain the delivery of an EBI within clinical or community settings. Results were synthesised using vote counting based on direction of effect, and reported in accordance with non-meta-analytic review standards following the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines. Three studies met the study inclusion criteria. Two studies were community-based, with one conducted in Australian community sports clubs and the second in afterschool clubs in the United States. The single clinical-based study was conducted in community health care centres in the United States. Across the three studies, 25 strategies were employed and only two strategies were common across all studies. Synthesis using vote counting based on direction of effect indicated that two of three studies favoured the intervention as positively impacting sustainment of EBIs. Few studies have been conducted to assess the effect of strategies designed to support sustainment of EBIs for chronic disease prevention in clinical and community settings. As such, it is difficult to determine the effect of strategies designed to support sustainment. Further research with comprehensive reporting of the selection, use and testing of sustainment strategies is needed to advance understanding of how to sustain EBIs in clinical and community settings.
Diabetes and the Social, Biologic, and Behavioral Determinants of Endometrial Cancer in the United States
Authors: Massouh Nour , Jaffa Ayad A. , Jaffa Miran A. 
Published: January 2025

(Abstracted from BMC Cancer 2024;24:540
Previous studies have associated an increased risk of endometrial cancer with diseases such as diabetes mellitus and with other biological factors such as age and obesity. Other factors that have been linked to endometrial cancer include social and behavioral factors, but research is lacking that shows the associations of these factors combined in a bigger picture.
Factors Associated with Corneal Hysteresis in an Elderly White Population: The Thessaloniki Eye Study
Authors: Bartzoulianou Rodanthi Christina , Coleman Anne L. , Wilson M. Roy , Harris Alon , Bougioukas Konstantinos I. , Pappas Theofanis , Giannoulis Dimitrios A. , Yu Fei , Raptou Anastasia , Tzoanou Grigoria , Topouzis Fotis 
Published: January 2025

Précis:
In 801 participants, corneal hysteresis (CH) was positively associated with female gender and central corneal thickness, and negatively with age and axial length. Diabetes showed no significant association with CH in the adjusted models.

Purpose:
To provide values of corneal hysteresis (CH) in an elderly, healthy Greek population and to investigate its association with demographic, ocular, and systemic factors.

Methods:
Cross-sectional population-based study. Out of 1,092 participants in the incidence cohort of the Thessaloniki Eye Study (TES) who were re-examined between 2013 and 2015, there were 801 eligible subjects in this study according to pre-specified criteria. All subjects underwent an interview and a comprehensive clinical examination. Demographic data and medical and ophthalmic, family, and smoking histories were recorded. CH was evaluated with Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).

Results:
The mean age of study subjects was 79.7±3.9 years and 345 out of 801 participants (43.1%) were female. The mean CH among all subjects was 10.1±1.5 mmHg. After adjusting for age, gender, central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AL), and diabetes, CH was positively associated with female gender (β=0.446; P<0.0001) and CCT (β=0.017; P<0.0001), and negatively associated with age (β=−0.024; P=0.038) and AL (β=−0.181; P<0.0001). There was no association between CH and diabetes (β=0.186; P=0.10). In a supplementary multivariable analysis of a smaller sample size, where we included corneal curvature (CC) as an additional covariate, no association was found between CH and CC (β=−0.235; P=0.26) or age (β=−0.023; P=0.09).

Conclusion:
This study outlined variations in CH among a Greek population. CH decreased with advancing age while women had greater CH compared to men. In addition, eyes with thinner corneas and longer AL had lower CH values. No significant associations were found between CH and CC or the presence of diabetes.
Histopathological Characteristics of Zonular Fibers and Lens Capsule and Their Relationship to Clinical Features in Intraocular Lens Dislocation
Authors: Hirata Akira , Mine Keiko , Ken Hayashi  , Ohta Keisuke 
Published: January 2025

Purpose:
To identify the histopathologic changes in the lens capsule of eyes with in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation.

Design:
Pathological analysis and correlation with clinical findings.

Setting:
Hayashi Eye Hospital (Fukuoka, Japan).

Methods:
Specimens of twenty-five IOL-lens capsule complexes obtained during surgery were processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Backscattered electron images of cross-sections of the lens capsule were obtained using SEM. Ultrastructural changes in the lens capsule were examined and analyzed based on preoperative clinical findings.

Results:
The mean age was 70.0±18.0 years. The mean time from initial cataract surgery to IOL removal was 12.5±7.0 years. Of these, nine eyes had exfoliation syndrome (XFS), seven had high myopia, five underwent vitrectomy, and three had atopic dermatitis. The mean age of the XFS cases was 86.6±4.3 years. All XFS specimens demonstrated highly associated ruptured zonular fibers (p <.01). In the 16 non-XFS cases, the mean age was 61.2±17.5 years, significantly younger than in the XFS cases (p <.01); 14 of the 16 specimens had a detachment of zonular lamella (ZL), which was highly associated (p <.01). Four non-XFS eyes exhibited clear capsules, demonstrating significant associations with capsular delamination (p < .01) and the absence of lens epithelial cells (p < .01), resembling dead-bag syndrome.

Conclusions:
Structural changes in the lens capsule associated with IOL dislocation are mainly of three types: ruptured zonular fibers in XFS, detachment of the ZL, and capsular delamination. They vary according to the associated diseases, suggesting that prevention and treatment should consider the underlying pathophysiology.
Increasing access to pain care services to improve rural pain management: a realist review investigating factors affecting uptake, implementation, and sustainability
Authors: Grant Ashley R. , Westhorp Gill , Murray Carolyn M. , de la Perrelle Lenore , Dettwiller Pascale , Davey Andrew , Norrish Abbie , Walsh Sandra , Scinta Gretchen , Karran Emma L. , Hibbert Peter D. , Moseley G. Lorimer 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Guideline-based care for chronic pain is challenging to deliver in rural settings. Evaluations of programs that increase access to pain care services in rural areas report variable outcomes. We conducted a realist review to gain a deep understanding of how and why such programs may, or may not, work. Our review incorporated interest-holder input in all review phases. We conducted CLUSTER searching to identify literature relevant to understanding the factors affecting the uptake, implementation, and sustainability of programs offering pain care services to rural general practitioners. We used retroductive analysis to generate and test context–mechanism–outcome configurations. Our results are informed by 74 studies. We identified that awareness of the program, provision of necessary resources, and positive attitudes towards the program are required to enable program uptake. When looking for suitable patients to refer, general practitioners need to trust their ability to discuss a referral with a patient in their allocated appointment time. Program sustainability requires clear roles for all providers and sufficient program coordination. Increased access to pain care services enabled interprofessional learning that increased local providers' confidence to manage chronic pain. Many barriers can interfere with successful uptake, implementation, and sustainability of programs that increase access to pain care services in rural settings. It is important to tailor rural workforce programs to local community needs to increase the likelihood of success. Our findings include recommendations for future program planners to consider.
Implementing a Nurse-Driven Early Ambulation Protocol to Enhance Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes
Authors: Worthington Katie P. , Giannantonio Erin 
Published: January 2025

Background:
Immobility in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is linked to adverse outcomes and prolonged length of stay (LOS). Advancements in TAVR procedures allow for early ambulation post-procedure.

Local problem:
In a large teaching hospital, ambulation occurred at an average of 16.9 hours post-TAVR procedures, higher than the goal of 6 hours.

Methods:
A pre/post-implementation design was used. Data on ambulation times, LOS, and discharge disposition were collected and analyzed.

Results:
Time to the first ambulation significantly decreased from a mean of 16.9 (SD = 13.1) to 8.9 hours (SD = 5.3), P < .001. Patients meeting the goal of ambulation 4-6 hours post-procedure had a significantly lower LOS, P < .005. Fewer patients needed a higher level of care at discharge, P = .064.

Conclusions:
Early ambulation reduced LOS and had a positive impact on patient discharge disposition. A nurse-driven ambulation protocol can improve outcomes after TAVR.
Clinical Analysis of 314 Patients With High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Who Underwent Total Hysterectomy Directly: A Multi-center, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lei Lingyu , Zhang Lin , Zheng Yahong , Ma Wei , Liu Fang , Li Dongmei , Chen Keming , Zeng Yong 
Published: January 2025

(Abstracted from BMC Cancer 2024;24:575
Cancer risk can be mitigated by treating precancerous cells. This is demonstrably true for cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), which can develop into cancer in 31% to 50% of individuals; however, with treatment, this number is reduced to 0.7%.
Clinical Evaluation of 3D Motion-Correction Via Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction Framework Versus Conventional T1-Weighted MRI at 1.5 T in Brain Imaging
Authors: Leukert Laura S. , Heitkötter Katya Hoffmannbeck , Kronfeld Andrea , Paul Roman H. , Polak Daniel , Splitthoff Daniel Nicolas , Brockmann Marc A. , Altmann Sebastian , Othman Ahmed E. 
Published: January 2025

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of motion artifacts and image quality of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1-weighted imaging applying 3D motion correction via the Scout Accelerated Motion Estimation and Reduction (SAMER) framework compared with conventional T1-weighted imaging at 1.5 T.

Materials and Methods
A preliminary study involving 14 healthy volunteers assessed the impact of the SAMER framework on induced motion during 3 T MRI scans. Participants performed 3 different motion patterns: (1) step up, (2) controlled breathing, and (3) free motion. The patient study included 82 patients who required clinically indicated MRI scans. 3D T1-weighted images (MPRAGE) were acquired at 1.5 T. The MRI data were reconstructed using either regular product reconstruction (non-Moco) or the 3D motion correction SAMER framework (SAMER Moco), resulting in 145 image sequences. For the preliminary and the patient study, 3 experienced radiologists evaluated the image data using a 5-point Likert scale, focusing on overall image quality, artifact presence, diagnostic confidence, delineation of pathology, and image sharpness. Interrater agreement was assessed using Gwet's AC2, and an exploratory analysis (non-Moco vs SAMER Moco) was performed.

Results
Compared with non-Moco, the preliminary study demonstrated significant improvements across all imaging parameters and motion patterns with SAMER Moco (P < 0.001). Odds ratios favoring SAMER Moco were >999.999 for freedom of artifact and overall image quality (P < 0.0001). Excellent or good ratings for freedom of artifact were 52.4% with SAMER Moco, compared with 21.4% for non-Moco. Similarly, 66.7% of SAMER Moco images were rated excellent or good for overall image quality versus 21.4% for non-Moco. Multireader interrater agreement was excellent across all parameters.
The patient study confirmed that SAMER Moco provided significantly superior image quality across all evaluated imaging parameters, particularly in the presence of motion (P < 0.001). Diagnostic confidence was rated as excellent or good in 95.1% of SAMER Moco cases, compared with 78.1% for non-Moco cases. Similarly, overall image quality was rated as excellent or good in 89.8% of SAMER Moco cases versus 65.9% for non-Moco cases. The odds ratios for diagnostic confidence and for overall image quality were 6.698 and 6.030, respectively, both favoring SAMER Moco (P < 0.0001). Multireader interrater agreement was excellent across all parameters.

Conclusions
The application of SAMER in T1-weighted imaging datasets is feasible in clinical routine and significantly increases image quality and diagnostic confidence in 1.5 T brain MRI by effectively reducing motion artifacts.
The type I IFN-IL-27 axis promotes mRNA vaccine-induced CD8+T cell responses
Authors: Phan Anthony T. , Aunins Emily , Cruz-Morales Elisa , Dwivedi Garima , Bunkofske Molly , Eberhard Julia N. , Aldridge Daniel L. , Said Hooda , Banda Omar , Tam Ying , Christian David A. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Kedl Ross M. , Weissman Drew , Alameh Mohamad-Gabriel , Hunter Christopher A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe ability of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-delivered mRNA vaccines to induce type I IFNs is critical to promote CD8+T cell responses. The studies presented here indicate that immunization with nucleoside modified mRNA-LNP vaccines drives myeloid cell expression of the cytokine IL-27, which acts on antigen-specific CD8+T cells to sustain T cell expansion.In vitroandin vivostudies revealed that type I IFN signaling is necessary for mRNA-LNP-induced IL-27 production, that immunization failed in IL-27 KO mice, and that immunization of IFNAR1-deficient mice with mRNA-LNP particles that also encode IL-27 mRNA restored antigen-specific CD8+T cell responses. In addition, IL-27 mRNA-LNPs served as an adjuvant that improved cytolytic CD8+T cell responses and the therapeutic efficacy of mRNA-LNPs to drive anti-pathogen and anti-tumor immunity. These studies highlight the central role of IL-27 in mRNA-LNP induced CD8+T cell responses and the ability of this cytokine to augment the functionality of the CD8+T cell response for prophylactic or therapeutic immunization.
Measuring the Strength of Spatial Sorting
Authors: Goel Nikunj , Comerford Mattheau S. , Bernat Anastasia , Egan Scott P , Juenger Thomas E. , Keitt Timothy H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEmpirical work suggests that spatial sorting—a mechanism of evolutionary change fueled by phenotype-dependent dispersal—may lead to phenotypic shifts on ecological timescales. However, we currently lack a quantitative framework to measure the strength of spatial sorting. To address this gap, we present a quantitative genetics model of spatial sorting and identify an evolutionary parameter in the model to measure the strength of spatial sorting. This parameter, referred to as the standardized sorting gradient, is structurally akin to the standardized selection gradient, which is commonly used to measure the strength of natural selection. To show the utility of our approach, we analyzed binary wing-morphology data of soapberry bugs (Jadera haematoloma) recolonizing flooded habitats extirpated by a hurricane. We found that non-random recolonization resulted in a standardized sorting gradient of 0.90 ± 0.08, which ranked in the top 5 percentile compared to standardized selection gradients documented in the scientific literature. Genetic crosses further revealed that the binary trait, short and long-wing forms, is heritable (h2= 0.65 ± 0.13) and yielded a standardized evolutionary response of 0.58 ± 0.13. Our results underscore that, like natural selection, spatial sorting, too, can yield rapid evolution, providing quantitative evidence that non-random dispersal may produce novel eco-evolutionary dynamics.