bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in the expression and perception of positive affect in human infancy
Authors: Grossmann Tobias , Wood Adrienne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Positive emotions play a critical role in guiding human behavior and social interactions. This study examined whether and how genetic variability in the oxytocin system is linked to individual differences in expressing positive affect in human infants. Our results show that genetic variation in CD38 (rs3796863), previously linked to increased release of oxytocin, was associated with higher rates of positive affective displays among a sample of 7-month-old infants, using established parent-report measures. Moreover, infants displaying increased levels of positive affect (smiling and laughter) also showed enhanced brain responses in the right inferior frontal cortex, a brain region previously linked to perception–action coupling, when viewing others smile at them. These findings suggest that, from early in development, genetic variation in the oxytocin system is associated with individual differences in expressed positive affect, which in turn are linked to differences in perceiving positive affect. This helps uncover the neurobiological processes accounting for variability in the expression and perception of positive affect in infancy.
Learning from in-group and out-group models induces separative effects on human mate copying
Authors: Xie Jiajia , Li Lin , Lu Yang , Zhuang Jinying , Wu Yuyan , Li Peng , Zheng Li 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Mate copying is a social learning process in which individuals gather public information about potential mates by observing models’ choices. Previous studies have reported that individual attributes of female models affect mate copying, yet little is known about whether and how the group attributes of models influence mate copying. In the current behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies, female participants were asked to rate their willingness to choose the depicted males as potential romantic partners before and after observing in-group or out-group female models accepting, rejecting or being undecided (baseline) about the males. Results showed that participants changed their ratings to align with the models’ acceptance or rejection choices. Compared to rejection copying, the effect of acceptance copying was stronger and regulated by in- and out-group models, manifesting a discounting copying effect when learning from out-group models. At the neural level, for acceptance copying, stronger temporoparietal junction (TPJ) activity and connectivity between TPJ and anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC) were observed when female models belonged to out-group members; meanwhile, the functional connection of TPJ and amPFC positively predicted the rating changes when learning from out-group models. The results indicated that participants might need more resources to infer out-group members’ intentions to overcome the in-group bias during acceptance copying.
Coming of Age on the Margins: A Life Course Perspective on the Time Use of Australian Adolescents with Disabilities
Authors: O’Flaherty Martin , King Tania , Kavanagh Anne 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
People with disabilities experience persistent, multifaceted disadvantage across the life course. The origins of life course disadvantage among people with disabilities may stem, in part, from exclusion during developmentally sensitive periods in childhood. Time use among adolescents represents a potentially important mechanism implicated in the emergence of disability-related disadvantage, but previous research has largely neglected the time use of school age adolescents with disabilities. Utilizing nationally representative time diary data, this study investigated disability-related differences in adolescents’ time use, and how these gaps vary by sex and age. Results indicated that disability-related differences in time use are widespread and substantial in magnitude. Adolescents with disabilities spend more time in screen-based leisure, alone, and with mothers, and less time in educational activities than non-disabled adolescents. Boys with disabilities additionally spend less time in structured leisure and with peers than non-disabled boys. Differences in time alone, with peers, and in screen-based leisure increase in magnitude at older ages. We conclude that differential time use in adolescence may contribute to multiple persistent disadvantages experienced by people with disabilities over the life course.
“There’s theology and then there’s the people I love. . .”: Authority and Ambivalence in Seminarians’ Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Relationships, Marriage, and Ordination
Authors: Johnston Erin , Holleman Anna , Krull Laura 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Drawing from 102 in-depth interviews conducted with first-year Master of Divinity (M.Div.) students at a Mainline Protestant seminary, this paper examines how students describe and account for their positions on homosexuality, same-sex marriage, and the ordination of gay and lesbian clergy. We found that students on “both sides”—i.e., those who lean affirming and those who lean non-affirming—invoked three primary authorities in their accounts: Biblical authority, Godly authority, and the authority of lived experience, as demonstrated in the lives of gay and lesbian people. We also found that nearly one-third of the students in our sample expressed uncertainty, ambivalence, and/or contradictions in their responses. Through a close analysis of these accounts, we show that ambivalence and uncertainty are rooted in attempts to navigate and “reconcile” the pulls of these different authorities and that attitudinal certainty is often accomplished by privileging one authority over others.
Fullerene C60 protects against 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) induced-pancreatic damage via NF-κB and Nrf-2/HO-1 axis in rats
Authors: Beyaz Seda , Aslan Abdullah , Gok Ozlem , Ozercan Ibrahim Hanifi , Agca Can Ali 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to investigate the protective effects of fullerene C60 nanoparticle against pancreatic damage experimentally induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) in female rats. Fullerene C60 nanoparticle was administered to rats 5 times a week by oral gavage (o.g) at 1.7 mg/kg bw 7 days after DMBA administration. 60 Wistar albino female rats divided to four groups; Groups: (1) Control group: Fed with standard diet; (2) Fullerene C60 group: Fullerene C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw); (3) DMBA group: DMBA (45 mg/kg bw); (4) Fullerene C60 + DMBA group: Fullerene C60 (1.7 mg/kg bw) and DMBA (45 mg/kg bw). Lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase activity (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels in pancreatic tissue were determined by spectrophotometer. Protein expression levels of p53, HO-1, p38-α (MAPK), Nrf-2, NF-κB and COX-2 in pancreatic tissue were determined by western blotting technique. In our findings, compared to the group given DMBA, MDA levels and p38-α, NF-κB and COX-2 levels decreased, CAT activity, GSH level, total protein density and p53, HO-1, Nrf-2 levels in the groups given fullerene C60 nanoparticle an increase in expression levels was observed. Our results showed that fullerene C60 nanoparticle may be more beneficial in preventing pancreatic damage.
Revealing a new eyelessNereis(Nereididae: Annelida) clade from deep-sea organic falls
Authors: Bergamo Gilberto , Carrerette Orlemir , Shimabukuro Mauricio , Santos Cinthya S G , Sumida Paulo Y G 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThree new eyeless species of Nereis from organic falls (whale bones and wood parcels) in the Southwestern Atlantic from depths between 550 and 3285 m are described, and the eyeless species Neanthes shinkai is transferred to Nereis. All new species and Nereis shinkai comb. nov. can be distinguished from the majority of Nereis species by the absence of eyes and by the presence of small and delicate paragnaths. Interestingly, the species Nereis anoculepitoka sp. nov. presents epitoky, with sexual dimorphism and the morphological variations described herein. This is the first description of an eyeless epitoke form from organic falls in the deep ocean. We conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses using COI and 16S mitochondrial genes, confirmed the morphological identification and established an eyeless clade within Nereis including the three new species and Nereis shinkai comb. nov. The presence of different species in a relatively small geographical area can be explained, in part, by the action of different water masses in each sampling site and suggests that organic islands are potential hotspots for specialization of Nereis in the deep sea.
Current treatment approach to ANCA-associated vasculitis
Authors: Yazici Yusuf 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of reviewThis review will attempt to summarize the most potentially impactful new data on the way ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) is diagnosed, treated, and monitored.Recent findingsThe newly developed classification criteria for AAV have serious methodological issues that need to be addressed before they are widely adopted. The newly approved drugs and studies into both achieving remission and maintaining it have added to our overall knowledge of managing AAV and should hopefully contribute to improving outcomes in AAV.SummaryThe diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of AAV have seen major improvements in the last two years. The remaining issues outlined in this review still need to be addressed to best serve AAV patients.
Short-term and Long-term Complications of Cervical Disk Arthroplasty
Authors: Nguyen Austin Q. , Credille Kevin , Saifi Comron 
Published: September 2023

Study Design:
A narrative review.

Objective:
This review discusses the short and long-term complications associated with cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA).

Summary of Background Data:
CDA is a safe and effective motion-sparing alternative to fusion for the treatment of cervical disk pathology in patients with cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy. Although CDA offers advantages over fusion within a narrower set of indications, it introduces new technical challenges and potential complications.

Methods:
A systematic search of several large databases, including Cochrane Central, PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, was conducted from January 2005 to August 2023 to identify published studies and clinical trials evaluating cervical disk replacement complications and outcomes.

Results:
Short-term complications are primarily related to surgical approach and include dysphagia reported as high as ~70%, laryngeal nerve injury ~0%–1.25%, Horner syndrome ~0.06%, hematoma ~0.01%, gross device extrusion ~0.3%, whereas long-term complications include adjacent segment disease reported at ~3.8%, osteolysis ~44%–64%, heterotopic ossification ~7.3%–69.2%, implant failure ~3.3%–3.7%, and implant wear, which varies depending on design.

Conclusions:
Approaches for mitigating complications broadly include meticulous dissection, intraoperative techniques, and diligent postoperative follow-up. This review emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding and management of complications to enhance the safety, reproducibility, and success of CDA. As CDA continues to evolve, there remains a critical need for ongoing research to delve deeper into evaluating risk for complications and long-term patient outcomes.
Mortality Risk Factors in Pediatric Onco-Critical Care Patients and Machine Learning Derived Early Onco-Critical Care Phenotypes in a Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Flerlage Tim , Fan Kimberly , Qin Yidi , Agulnik Asya , Arias Anita V. , Cheng Cheng , Elbahlawan Lama , Ghafoor Saad , Hurley Caitlin , McArthur Jennifer , Morrison R. Ray , Zhou Yinmei , Park H.J. , Carcillo Joseph A. , Hines Melissa R. 
Published: September 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To use supervised and unsupervised statistical methodology to determine risk factors associated with mortality in critically ill pediatric oncology patients to identify patient phenotypes of interest for future prospective study.

DESIGN:
This retrospective cohort study included nonsurgical pediatric critical care admissions from January 2017 to December 2018. We determined the prevalence of multiple organ failure (MOF), ICU mortality, and associated factors. Consensus k-means clustering analysis was performed using 35 bedside admission variables for early, onco-critical care phenotype development.

SETTING:
Single critical care unit in a subspeciality pediatric hospital.

INTERVENTION:
None.

PATIENTS:
There were 364 critical care admissions in 324 patients with underlying malignancy, hematopoietic cell transplant, or immunodeficiency reviewed.

MEASUREMENTS:
Prevalence of multiple organ failure, ICU mortality, determination of early onco-critical care phenotypes.

MAIN RESULTS:
ICU mortality was 5.2% and was increased in those with MOF (18.4% MOF, 1.7% single organ failure [SOF], 0.6% no organ failure; p ≤ 0.0001). Prevalence of MOF was 23.9%. Significantly increased ICU mortality risk was associated with day 1 MOF (hazards ratio [HR] 2.27; 95% CI, 1.10–6.82; p = 0.03), MOF during ICU admission (HR 4.16; 95% CI, 1.09–15.86; p = 0.037), and with invasive mechanical ventilation requirement (IMV; HR 5.12; 95% CI, 1.31–19.94; p = 0.018). Four phenotypes were derived (PedOnc1–4). PedOnc1 and 2 represented patient groups with low mortality and SOF. PedOnc3 was enriched in patients with sepsis and MOF with mortality associated with liver and renal dysfunction. PedOnc4 had the highest frequency of ICU mortality and MOF characterized by acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation at admission with neurologic dysfunction and/or severe sepsis. Notably, most of the mortality in PedOnc4 was early (i.e., within 72 hr of ICU admission).

CONCLUSIONS:
Mortality was lower than previously reported in critically ill pediatric oncology patients and was associated with MOF and IMV. These findings were further validated and expanded by the four derived nonsynonymous computable phenotypes. Of particular interest for future prospective validation and correlative biological study was the PedOnc4 phenotype, which was composed of patients with hypoxic respiratory failure requiring IMV with sepsis and/or neurologic dysfunction at ICU admission.
Teaching Bundle Care Approach to Intensive Care Nurses to Prevent Ventilator Associated Pneumonia with a Stratified Validated Module
Authors: Tatikonda Chandra Mouli , Prasad Katuri Rama Krishna , Rout Nibedita , Panda Sagarika , Mishra Shakti Bedanta , Dash Abhilash , Samal Samir , Roy Cherian 
Published: September 2023

Background
Module-based teaching of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) with a systematic, stratified approach is expected to have a promising role in teaching. We hypothesized it to improve the skill and knowledge of intensive care unit nurses.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the teaching module with debriefing sessions on the VAP bundle care approach, and the secondary objective was to estimate the improvement in individual components of the VAP bundle.

Methods
A total of 200 paramedical staff were exposed to a teaching module consisting of pretest didactic lectures, debriefing sessions, reflection by participants, and feedback. Posttest analysis was done to assess knowledge. Skill assessment was done with directly observed procedural skills (DOPS) assessment, and feedback was taken from participants. Follow-up was done at 6 months to assess decay in knowledge and skills.

Results
Preworkshop and postworkshop DOPS scores were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Subgroup analysis was performed using the paired t test. Median pretest and posttest scores were 6 (interquartile range, 4-8) and 13 (interquartile range, 11-15), respectively (P < .001). Comparing DOPS scores before and after exposure to the teaching module, the number of subjects with scores that were below expectations was 24 and 4; meeting expectations was 94 and 24; borderline expectations were 36 and 104; and above expectations was 46 and 58, respectively, between the groups (P < .001). A decay in knowledge and skills was noted in the follow-up.

Conclusion
A validated teaching module with debriefing sessions is useful in training bundle care approaches to intensive care unit nurses.
Validation of Parent-reported Gestational Age Categories for Children Less Than 6 Years of Age
Authors: Palumbo Alexandra M. , Kirkwood David , Borkhoff Cornelia M. , Keown-Stoneman Charles D. G. , Muraca Giulia M. , Fuller Anne , Birken Catherine S. , Maguire Jonathon L. , Brown Hilary K. , Anderson Laura N. ,   on behalf of the TARGet Kids! Collaboration
Published: September 2023

Background:
Preterm birth is an important outcome or exposure in epidemiologic research. When administrative data on measured gestational age is not available, parent-reported gestational age can be obtained from questionnaires, which is subject to potential bias. To our knowledge, few studies have assessed the validity of parent-reported gestational age categories, including commonly defined categories of preterm birth.

Methods:
We used linked data from primarily healthy children <6 years of age in TARGet Kids! in Toronto, Canada, and ICES administrative healthcare data from April 2011 to March 2020. We assessed the criterion validity of questionnaire-based parent-reported gestational age by calculating sensitivity and specificity for term (≥37 weeks), late preterm (34–36 weeks), and moderately preterm (32–33 weeks) gestational age categories, using administrative healthcare records of gestational age as the criterion standard. We conducted subgroup analyses for various parent and socioeconomic factors that may influence recall.

Results:
Of the 4684 participants, 97.3% correctly classified the gestational age category according to administrative healthcare data. Parent-reported gestational age sensitivity ranged from 83.7% to 98.5% and specificity ranged from 88.3% to 99.8%, depending on category. For each subgroup characteristic, sensitivity and specificity were all ≥70%. Lower educational attainment, lower family income, father reporting, ≥1 year since birth, ≥2 children, lower parent age, and reported gestational diabetes and/or hypertension were associated with slightly lower sensitivity and/or specificity.

Conclusions:
In this linked cohort, parent-reported gestational age categories had high accuracy. Criterion validity varied minimally among some parent and socioeconomic factors. Our findings can inform future quantitative bias analyses.
Ambient Air Quality and Fatal Asthma Exacerbations among Children in North Carolina
Authors: Mirabelli Maria C. , Flanders W. Dana , Vaidyanathan Ambarish , Beavers Daniel P. , Gower W. Adam 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Little is known about the role of air quality in fatal asthma exacerbations among children.

Methods:
We collected information about 80 deaths that occurred in North Carolina from 2001 through 2016, among children aged 5–17 years, with asthma identified as the primary cause of death. We linked information about each death with county-level estimates of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ozone (O3). Using the linked data, we conducted a case–crossover analysis of associations between PM2.5 and O3 lagged by 3–5 days with the odds of fatal asthma exacerbations.

Results:
In the highest tertile of PM2.5 lag(3–5), the odds of a fatal exacerbation of asthma were more than twice the odds in the lowest tertile (odds ratio = 2.2; 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 4.6).

Conclusion:
These findings from North Carolina provide evidence to support the hypothesis that ambient air pollution increases the risk of fatal exacerbations of asthma among children.
Comparative Effectiveness of Dynamic Treatment Strategies for Medication Use and Dosage: Emulating a Target Trial Using Observational Data
Authors: Birnie Kate , Tomson Charles , Caskey Fergus J. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Nitsch Dorothea , Casula Anna , Murray Eleanor J. , Sterne Jonathan A. C. 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Availability of detailed data from electronic health records (EHRs) has increased the potential to examine the comparative effectiveness of dynamic treatment strategies using observational data. Inverse probability (IP) weighting of dynamic marginal structural models can control for time-varying confounders. However, IP weights for continuous treatments may be sensitive to model choice.

Methods:
We describe a target trial comparing strategies for treating anemia with darbepoetin in hemodialysis patients using EHR data from the UK Renal Registry 2004 to 2016. Patients received a specified dose (microgram/week) or did not receive darbepoetin. We compared 4 methods for modeling time-varying treatment: (A) logistic regression for zero dose, standard linear regression for log dose; (B) logistic regression for zero dose, heteroscedastic linear regression for log dose; (C) logistic regression for zero dose, heteroscedastic linear regression for log dose, multinomial regression for patients who recently received very low or high doses; and (D) ordinal logistic regression.

Results:
For this dataset, method (C) was the only approach that provided a robust estimate of the mortality hazard ratio (HR), with less-extreme weights in a fully weighted analysis and no substantial change of the HR point estimate after weight truncation. After truncating IP weights at the 95th percentile, estimates were similar across the methods.

Conclusions:
EHR data can be used to emulate target trials estimating the comparative effectiveness of dynamic strategies adjusting treatment to evolving patient characteristics. However, model checking, monitoring of large weights, and adaptation of model strategies to account for these is essential if an aspect of treatment is continuous.
The Joint Effect of Education and Alcohol Use on 100% Alcohol-attributable Hospitalization or Death in Canada
Authors: Smith Brendan T. , Warren Christine M. , Andreacchi Alessandra T. , Schwartz Naomi , Hobin Erin 
Published: September 2023

Background:
Individuals with low socioeconomic position (SEP) experience disproportionately greater alcohol-attributable harm than individuals with high SEP despite similar or less alcohol use (i.e., the alcohol harm paradox). We examined the sex/gender- specific independent and joint effects of education and heavy drinking or volume of alcohol use on 100% alcohol-attributable hospitalization or death.

Methods:
We conducted a cohort study among 199,125 current and former alcohol users aged 15–64 years from population-representative Canadian Community Health Surveys (2000–2008) linked to hospitalization and mortality records through 2017. We estimated the sex/gender-specific associations between education and heavy drinking or volume of alcohol use and incident 100% alcohol-attributable hospitalization or death using multivariable Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard models with competing risk (non-100% alcohol-attributable deaths), assessing additive interactions using the Synergy Index (S).

Results:
Overall, heavy drinking prevalence and volume of alcohol use were similar or lower in individuals with lower education compared with higher education. Lower education levels compared with a bachelor’s degree or above were associated with increased 100% alcohol-attributable hospitalization or death [e.g., less than high school, men: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.78; 95% CI = 2.17, 3.56; women: HR = 2.98; 95% CI = 2.00, 4.44]. We found superadditive joint effects between low education and heavy drinking (men: S = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.14, 1.30; women: S = 1.34; 95% CI = 0.88, 2.04) and low education and higher volume of alcohol use (e.g., excess volume, men: S = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.62; women: S = 1.41; 95% CI = 0.77, 2.58), with larger inequities in women than men with similar alcohol use.

Conclusions:
Our study is consistent with the hypothesis that increased vulnerability to alcohol use among individuals with lower education partially explains the alcohol harm paradox in Canada.