bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural drivers of ecotone exploitation: activity of groundwater animals in spring
Authors: Manenti Raoul , Galbiati Matteo , Lapadula Stefano , Forlani Martina , Barzaghi Benedetta , Melotto Andrea , Ficetola Gentile Francesco 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBorder habitats such as interfaces and ecotones are promising research targets being likely areas of high species richness and genetic and phenotypic diversity. Springs are intriguing habitats exploited by both subterranean and surface species. For subterranean species, springs can provide higher trophic resources but can be risky in terms of predation and UV radiation, while for surface species, springs can be safer but less productive environments. We coupled field surveys and laboratory experiments to understand how predation risk and physical constraints, like light occurrence, affect spring exploitation by both a subterranean (Niphargus thuringius) and a surface crustacean amphipod species (Echinogammarus stammeri). From March to May 2021, we surveyed multiple springs and evaluated the activity (both during day and night) of the amphipods and of their predators. Furthermore, in a subterranean laboratory, we reared 80N. thuringiusand 80E. stammeriunder safe and risky conditions with both constant darkness and diel light variation assessing their activity and survival. Risky conditions were represented by the occurrence of meso-predators alone or coupled with the presence of a top predator. In the field,N. thuringiusactivity was negatively related to the density of predators, while laboratory experiments revealed a main role played by light treatments and night period.E. stammeriactivity in the field was higher close to surface while in laboratory conditions decreased during time. In laboratory conditions, predation risk negatively affected survival of both amphipods. Our findings reveal that physical constraints play a key role in affecting the exploitation of ecotones and can mediate antipredator responses, thus providing selective pressures for the exploitation of border environments.Significance statementUnderstanding environmental pressures acting on ecotones is a key point to verify if new adaptations may occur at the border between two distinct habitats. Using both field and laboratory approaches, we show that, in springs, the behaviour of subterranean invertebrates is affected by surface physical constraints which can mediate the effects of predation risk. Behavioural strategies to avoid predation, such as nocturnal activity, may promote spring ecotone exploitation by groundwater animals, such as amphipod crustaceans.
Arketamine for cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCognitive impairment has been observed in patients with various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD). Although modern therapeutic drugs can improve certain symptoms (i.e., psychosis, depression) in these patients, these drugs have not been found to improve cognitive impairment. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist (R,S)-ketamine has attracted attention as a rapidly acting antidepressant. In addition to its robust antidepressant effects, (R,S)-ketamine has been suggested to improve cognitive impairment in patients with MDD and BD, despite causing cognitive impairment in healthy control subjects. (R,S)-ketamine is a racemic mixture of equal amounts of (R)-ketamine (or arketamine) and (S)-ketamine (or esketamine). Arketamine has been found to have more potent antidepressant-like actions than esketamine in rodents. Interestingly, arketamine, but not esketamine, has been suggested to improve phencyclidine-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Furthermore, arketamine has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in rodent offspring after maternal immune activation. In the current article, it is proposed that arketamine has therapeutic potential for treating cognitive impairment in patients with psychiatric disorders. Additionally, the potential role of the gut–microbiome–brain axis in cognitive impairment in psychiatric disorders is discussed.
Impact of (forensic) expert opinions according to the Istanbul Protocol in Germany—results and insights of the in:Fo-project
Authors: Jühling M. , König L. M. , Gruber H. , Wolf V. , Ritz-Timme St. , Mayer F. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAs part of a third-party funded project, expert opinions according to the Istanbul Protocol (IP) standards were compiled in Germany on a larger scale for the first time. The assessment process was initiated for 130 project participants. Statistical analysis on numerous variables was performed to test the impact of the expert opinions, foremost of the forensic medical expert opinions, on the individuals’ asylum proceedings. The variables were drawn from forensic medical expert opinions and reports of findings, questionnaires for the study participants’ counsellors in the project and a query on the asylum status of the study participants. Regression analysis and bivariate analysis on two dependent variables—subjective impact on the asylum procedure from the counsellors’ point of view and objective change in the asylum status—were performed to test for an influence on asylum procedures. No statistically significant results were obtained for the objective change of the study participants’ asylum status. For the subjective dependent variable, a positive prediction was possible when simultaneously controlling for the independent variables introduction of a forensic medical expert opinion and highest IP grade; a negative prediction was possible when simultaneously controlling for the independent variables introduction of a forensic medical expert opinion and use of IP grading. Apart from the statistical analysis, a positive effect of the assessment on the psychosocial well-being of the study participants could be demonstrated. The results differed from other European studies which demonstrated a correlation between the objective outcome of an asylum procedure (asylum status) and, for example, specific types of violence or the number of documented injuries. Differences also occurred in the use of the plausibility grades proposed by the IP, which questions their use in cases in which the reported torture happened a relevant time ago. Therefore, compiling individually worded evaluations instead of using the IP grading system—if possible, by an experienced forensic physician—is recommended in this scenario. Still, the assessment of alleged torture experiences should follow the IP guidelines, since psychological assessments are of especially high importance in cases with healed physical injuries and since the results also demonstrated a positive effect on the psychosocial well-being of the study participants.
The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice
Authors: Almallah Tasneem M. , Khedr Safaa I. , El Nouby Kholoud A. , Younis Salwa S. , Elazeem Mona A. , Elmehy Dalia A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractToxoplasmosis is an immunologically complex disease, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Although there are several therapeutic regimens for such disease, the majority of them have many drawbacks. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to improve the current regimen in an effort to achieve a well-tolerated therapy while also enhancing the host immune response. Famous for their immunomodulatory effect, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics were chosen to be evaluated in this study as an adjuvant therapy against the virulent RH Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) strain. Experimental mice were divided into control and treated groups. The control group was further subdivided into two groups: group I: 10 uninfected mice and group II: 20 infected untreated mice. The treated experimental group was subdivided into three groups (20 mice each); group III: sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP) treated, group IV: probiotics treated, and group V: SMZ-TMP combined with probiotics. The results obtained revealed that combined therapy increased survival rate and time up to 95% and 16 days, respectively, with an 82% reduction of tachyzoites and marked distortion, as detected by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, combined therapy alleviated the severity and the extent of the inflammatory cells’ infiltration, thereby reducing hepatocyte degeneration. Intriguingly, serum IF-γ level showed a significant increase to 155.92 ± 10.12 ng/L with combined therapy, reflecting the immunological role of the combined therapy. The current results revealed that probiotics have a high adjuvant potential in alleviating the impact of toxoplasmosis. Using probiotics as a synergistic treatment to modulate conventional therapy in systemic toxoplasmosis may gain popularity due to their low cost and current availability.
Radiographic measurements for the prediction of dysphagia after occipitocervical fusion: a systematic review
Authors: Tatter Charles , El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Fletcher-Sandersjöö Alexander , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Occipitocervical fusion (OCF) is a procedure performed for multiple upper cervical pathologies. A common postprocedural complication of OCF is dysphagia, which has been linked to the narrowing of the pharyngeal space due to fixation in a hyper-flexed angle. Postoperative dysphagia is linked to reduced quality of life, prolonged hospital stay, aspiration pneumonia, and increased mortality. This has led to investigations of the association between sagittal radiographic angles and dysphagia following OCF.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed to explore the current evidence regarding cervical sagittal radiographic measurements and dysphagia following OCF. A search strategy was carried out using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their dates of inception until August 2022. Only original English-language studies were considered. Moreover, studies had to include the correlation between dysphagia and at least one radiographic measurement in the sagittal plane.

Results
The search and subsequent selection process yielded eight studies that were included in the final review, totaling 329 patients in whom dysphagia had been assessed and graded. The dysphagia score by Bazaz et al. (Spine 27, 22:2453–2458, 2002) was used most often. The pooled incidence of dysphagia, in the early postoperative period, was estimated at 26.4%. At long-term follow-up (range: 17–72 months), about one-third of patients experienced resolution of symptoms, which resulted in a long-term post-OCF dysphagia incidence of 16.5%. Across the studies included, six different radiographic parameters were used to derive several measures which were repeatedly and significantly associated with the occurrence of dysphagia.

Conclusions
The high incidence of postoperative dysphagia following OCF warrants close monitoring of patients, especially in the short-term postoperative period. These patients may be assessed through standardized tools where the one by Bazaz et al. was the most commonly used. Moreover, there are several radiographic measurements that can be used to predict the occurrence of dysphagia. These findings may serve as a basis for strategies to prevent the occurrence of dysphagia after OCF.
Adjacent interacting masonry structures: shake table test blind prediction discrete element method simulation
Authors: Galvez F. , Dizhur D. , Ingham J. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study presents the numerical simulation of a shake table experimental earthquake campaign of a building aggregate composed of two adjacent unreinforced rubble stone masonry buildings. The experimental testing was performed with the purpose of studying the interaction between a single-storey and a two-storey building connected with a dry joint consisting of a smooth mortared surface. Before performing the experimental testing, various research teams were sent the construction details to participate in a blind prediction competition using different prediction strategies. The approach reported herein to simulate the shake table tests is the discrete element method (DEM) with rigid elements and damage and deformation lumped in inter-block joints that represent the mortar interfaces governed by a non-linear Mohr–Coulomb constitutive laws. The material properties implemented in the model after calibrating using piers shear tests was observed unrealistically stiff. Hence, it was reduced based on the outcome of pushover and eigenvalue analyses. A sequence of earthquakes with incremental acceleration was input to the real and numerical models. Numerical overestimation of damage and displacement was observed probably due to underestimating the damping ratio. Unexpected sliding of the single-storey building occurred at early stages of the simulation. However, the overall behaviour in terms of base shear force, building displacement and damage progression was well captured in the DEM model. The in-plane flexural and rocking mechanism in the two-storey building was correctly simulated. Damage at the interface between the two buildings with separation and pounding was also reasonably well predicted.
Vertical Stacking Statistics of Multi-facies Object-Based Models
Authors: Manzocchi Tom , Walsh Deirdre A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEquations describing facies proportions and amalgamation ratios are derived for randomly placed objects belonging to two or three foreground facies embedded in a background facies, as a function of the volume fractions and object thicknesses of independent facies models combined in a stratigraphically meaningful order. The equations are validated using one-dimensional continuum models. Evaluation of the equations reveals a simple relationship between an effective facies proportion and an effective amalgamation ratio, both measured as a function only of the facies in question and the background facies. This relationship provides a firm analytical basis for applying the compression algorithm to multi-facies object-based models. A set of two-dimensional cross-sectional models illustrates the approach, which allows models to be generated with realistic object stacking characteristics defined independently for each facies in a multi-facies object-based model.
Slaapdeprivatie in de vroege tienerjaren als voorspeller voor psychosociale problemen op 15- tot 16-jarige leeftijd bij Nederlandse jongeren
Authors: van Ham-Borawitz Veronique E. J. , Harskamp- van Ginkel Margreet W. , Vrijkotte Tanja G. M. , de Rooij Susanne R. 
Published: February 2023

SamenvattingAchtergrond: Er is onderzocht of slaapdeprivatie bij Nederlandse kinderen van 11 tot 12 jaar kan voorspellen of er op 15- tot 16-jarige leeftijd psychosociale problemen ontstaan.Methode: De data betreffen 1.186 jongeren van het Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD)-onderzoek. Slaapdeprivatie werd gedefinieerd als een door ouders gerapporteerde slaapduur < 9 uur op 11- tot 12-jarige leeftijd. Kinderen met een verlengde slaapduur (> 12 uur) werden geëxcludeerd. Psychosociale problemen werden gemeten met de Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), die jongeren zelf op 15- tot 16-jarige leeftijd invulden.Resultaten: Er was een statistisch significant verband tussen slaapdeprivatie en verhoogde totale SDQ-score na correctie voor geslacht, migratieachtergrond, onderwijstype, aantal ingrijpende levensgebeurtenissen, gezinssituatie, financiële situatie en opleidingsniveau van de ouder (oddsratio 2,12 (95%-betrouwbaarheidsinterval 1,01–4,47; p = 0,048)). Dit verband was niet anders voor jongens en meisjes.Conclusie: Slaapdeprivatie op 11- tot 12-jarige leeftijd lijkt een predictor te zijn voor psychosociale problemen op 15- tot 16-jarige leeftijd. Voor er een vertaalslag naar landelijke preventieprogramma’s kan worden gemaakt, is verder onderzoek nodig. Desondanks wijst dit onderzoek op de noodzaak om als zorgprofessional slaapproblemen en slaapduur actief bespreekbaar te maken. Goede begeleiding en advisering rond leeftijdsadequate slaapduur kan psychosociale problemen mogelijk voorkomen.
Harnessing plant resistance against Striga spp. parasitism in major cereal crops for enhanced crop production and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review
Authors: Makaza William , En-nahli Youness , Amri Moez 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGiven their long-lasting seed viability, 15–20-year lifespan and their high seed production levels, a significant impact of parasitic plant Striga spp. on African food production is inevitable. Over the last decades, climate change has increasingly favoured the adaptability, spread and virulence of major Striga species, S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, across arable land in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). These parasitic weeds are causing important yield losses on several staple food crops and endangering food and nutritional security in many SSA countries. Losses caused by Striga spp. are amplified by low soil fertility and recurrent droughts. The impact of Striga parasitism has been characterized through different phenotypic and genotypic traits assessment of their host plants. Among all control strategies, host-plant resistance remains the most pro-poor, easy-to-adopt, sustainable and eco-friendly control strategy against Striga parasitism. This review highlights the impact of Striga parasitism on food security in SSA and reports recent results related to the genetic basis of different agronomic, pheno-physiological and biochemical traits associated with the resistance to Striga in major African cereal food crops.
Psychoacoustic characteristics of different brake creep groan classes and their subjective noise annoyance in vehicle and half-axle tests
Authors: Huemer-Kals Severin , Tóth Máté , Prezelj Jurij , Zacharczuk Martin , Fischer Peter , Häsler Karl 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBrake creep groan is a severely annoying noise and vibration phenomenon. Especially on the Asian market, customer feedback about creep groan is common, indicating creep groan’s impact towards the quality impression of a car. Hence, treatment of these stick–slip-related creep groan phenomena is necessary. As numerous design conflicts exist for brake and axle, a complete mitigation of the phenomenon is often not possible. A reduction of creep groan’s annoyance by changing the noise’s level and characteristics is therefore typically aspired. One approach towards this goal could include the usage of psychoacoustics: This work deals with psychoacoustic characteristics of different creep groan classes. Low-frequency groan, high-frequency groan, and transition groan classes are compared regarding loudness, sharpness, roughness, fluctuation strength, and tonality. Standard statistic methods as well as machine learning approaches are applied on signals from vehicle tests and half-axle tests. Test results depict the different characteristics of each creep groan class. By mapping the results to the subjective rating of trained test drivers, the annoyance of different classes is compared. Low-frequency groan, dominated by longitudinal axle vibrations, is found to be least annoying. This low annoyance is best depicted by the psychoacoustic parameters loudness and roughness. Presented results allow an optimization of brake system design to reduce creep groan’s annoyance, leading to higher customer satisfaction and a more goal-oriented treatment of this NVH problem.
Web-Based Psychosocial Interventions for Disaster-Related Distress: What Has Been Trialed in the Past, and What Can We Learn From This?
Authors: Korman Melissa B. , DeSouza Jordana , Ellis Janet 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives:
To summarize reports describing implementation and evaluation of Web-based psychosocial interventions for disaster-related distress with suggestions for future intervention and research, and to determine whether a systematic literature review on the topic is warranted.

Methods:
Systematic searches of Embase, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE were conducted. Duplicate entries were removed. Two rounds of inclusion/exclusion were conducted (abstract and full-text review). Relevant data were systematically charted by 2 reviewers.

Results:
The initial search identified 112 reports. Six reports, describing and evaluating 5 interventions, were included in a data analysis. Four of the 5 interventions were asynchronous and self-guided modular programs, with interactive components. The fifth was a short-term, online supportive group intervention. Studies utilized a variety of evaluation methods, and only 1 of 14 outcome measures used across the studies was utilized in more than 1 project.

Conclusions:
Several Web-based psychosocial interventions have been developed to target disaster-related distress, but few programs have been formally evaluated. A systematic review of the topic would not be recommended at this time due to heterogeneity in reported studies. Further research on factors impacting participation, generalizability, and methods of program delivery with consistent outcome measures is needed.
Using a Hybrid Approach to Increase the Impact of Medical Response to Natural Disasters
Authors: Levy Danielle M. , Kottler Jeffrey A. , Adams Jason W. , Crawford John R. , Levy Michael L. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The United Nations (UN) established an umbrella of organizations to manage distinct clusters of humanitarian aid. The World Health Organization (WHO) oversees the health cluster, giving it responsibility for global, national, and local medical responses to natural disasters. However, this centralized structure insufficiently engages local players, impeding robust local implementation. The Gorkha earthquake struck Nepal on April 25, 2015, becoming Nepal’s most severe natural disaster since the 1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake. In coordinated response, 2 organizations, Empower Nepali Girls and International Neurosurgical Children’s Association, used a hybrid approach integrating continuous communication with local recipients. Each organization mobilized its principal resource strengths—material medical supplies or human capital—thereby efficiently deploying resources to maximize the impact of the medical response. In addition to efficient resource use, this approach facilitates dynamic medical responses from highly mobile organizations. Importantly, in addition to future earthquakes in Nepal, this medical response strategy is easily scalable to other natural disaster contexts and other medical relief organizations. Preemptively identifying partner organizations with complementary strengths, continuous engagement with recipient populations, and creating disaster- and region-specific response teams may represent viable variations of the WHO cluster model with greater efficacy in local implementation of treatment in acute disaster scenarios.
Age Management for the Common Good
Authors: Taylor Philip , Earl Catherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and amid the present reconfiguring of corporate purpose, there is an opportunity to realign actions focused on prolonging working lives. We put forward a transformative agenda concerned with workforce ageing that aligns with contemporary expectations regarding sustainability, inequality, and emerging conceptualisations of management. In this article, the new concept of Common Good human resource management (HRM) is utilised as a potential means of encouraging business responses focused on grand challenges such as population ageing. We suggest how these principles might be applied to the issue of managing age in workplaces, to recast debate about issues of age and work, to be used as an advocacy tool encouraging employer engagement, while providing a framework that might direct organisational leadership.