bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Focal breast edema and breast edema score on T2-weighted images provides valuable biological information for invasive breast cancer
Authors: Chen Yanhong , Wang Lijun , Luo Ran , Liu Huanhuan , Zhang Yuzhen , Wang Dengbin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Various features extracted from breast MRI have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers for the prediction of the biologic behavior of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of focal breast edema and breast edema score (BES) on T2-weighted images in providing valuable biological information for breast cancer patients’ personalized treatment.

Method
Two hundred and five lesions in 201 patients with invasive breast cancer confirmed by surgery or biopsy in Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from November 2018 to October 2019 were retrospectively recruited and analyzed in this study. Focal edema and BES were evaluated at fat-suppressed T2 weighted imaging. All the lesions were divided into two groups according to the presence of focal edema. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics between the two groups and between different BES were compared.

Results
Two hundred and five lesions in 201 patients with invasive breast cancer were retrospectively recruited and analyzed in this study. On the fat-suppressed T2WI, focal edema was detected in 102 of 205 lesions (49.8%). BES was positively correlated with tumor size (p < 0.001), histologic grade (p = 0.006), Ki-67 index (p < 0.001), and N stage (p = 0.007), and was negatively correlated with expression of ER and PR (p < 0.001). Higher BES was more likely to present in patients with non-luminal breast cancer (p < 0.001) and suggested the possibility of a higher N stage.

Conclusions
Focal edema on T2WI of breast MRI indicates stronger tumor invasiveness, in which non-luminal breast cancer is more inclined to present focal edema. Breast edema score, a novel and practical tool, helps guide the individualized treatment of patients with invasive breast cancer.

Graphical Abstract

Critical relevance statement
Focal edema on T2WI of breast MRI indicates stronger tumor invasiveness. Breast edema score helps guide the individualized treatment of patients with invasive breast cancer.
Glia maturation factor-γ is required for initiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Li Honghu , Luo Qian , Cai Shuyang , Tie Ruxiu , Meng Ye , Shan Wei , Xu Yulin , Zeng Xiangjun , Qian Pengxu , Huang He 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
In vertebrates, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) emerge from hemogenic endothelium in the floor of the dorsal aorta and subsequently migrate to secondary niches where they expand and differentiate into committed lineages. Glia maturation factor γ (gmfg) is a key regulator of actin dynamics that was shown to be highly expressed in hematopoietic tissue. Our goal is to investigate the role and mechanism of gmfg in embryonic HSPC development.

Methods
In-depth bioinformatics analysis of our published RNA-seq data identified gmfg as a cogent candidate gene implicated in HSPC development. Loss and gain-of-function strategies were applied to study the biological function of gmfg. Whole-mount in situ hybridization, confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and western blotting were used to evaluate changes in the number of various hematopoietic cells and expression levels of cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and hematopoietic-related markers. RNA-seq was performed to screen signaling pathways responsible for gmfg deficiency-induced defects in HSPC initiation. The effect of gmfg on YAP sublocalization was assessed in vitro by utilizing HUVEC cell line.

Results
We took advantage of zebrafish embryos to illustrate that loss of gmfg impaired HSPC initiation and maintenance. In gmfg-deficient embryos, the number of hemogenic endothelium and HSPCs was significantly reduced, with the accompanying decreased number of erythrocytes, myelocytes and lymphocytes. We found that blood flow modulates gmfg expression and gmfg overexpression could partially rescue the reduction of HSPCs in the absence of blood flow. Assays in zebrafish and HUVEC showed that gmfg deficiency suppressed the activity of YAP, a well-established blood flow mediator, by preventing its shuttling from cytoplasm to nucleus. During HSPC initiation, loss of gmfg resulted in Notch inactivation and the induction of Notch intracellular domain could partially restore the HSPC loss in gmfg-deficient embryos.

Conclusions
We conclude that gmfg mediates blood flow-induced HSPC maintenance via regulation of YAP, and contributes to HSPC initiation through the modulation of Notch signaling. Our findings reveal a brand-new aspect of gmfg function and highlight a novel mechanism for embryonic HSPC development.
Atmospheric pressure predicts probability of departure for migratory songbirds
Authors: Cooper Nathan W. , Dossman Bryant C. , Berrigan Lucas E. , Brown J. Morgan , Cormier Dominic A. , Bégin-Marchand Camille , Rodewald Amanda D. , Taylor Philip D. , Tremblay Junior A. , Marra Peter P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundWeather can have both delayed and immediate impacts on animal populations, and species have evolved behavioral adaptions to respond to weather conditions. Weather has long been hypothesized to affect the timing and intensity of avian migration, and radar studies have demonstrated strong correlations between weather and broad-scale migration patterns. How weather affects individual decisions about the initiation of migratory flights, particularly at the beginning of migration, remains uncertain.MethodsHere, we combine automated radio telemetry data from four species of songbirds collected at five breeding and wintering sites in North America with hourly weather data from a global weather model. We use these data to determine how wind profit, atmospheric pressure, precipitation, and cloud cover affect probability of departure from breeding and wintering sites.ResultsWe found that the probability of departure was related to changes in atmospheric pressure, almost completely regardless of species, season, or location. Individuals were more likely to depart on nights when atmospheric pressure had been rising over the past 24 h, which is predictive of fair weather over the next several days. By contrast, wind profit, precipitation, and cloud cover were each only informative predictors of departure probability in a single species.ConclusionsOur results suggest that individual birds actively use weather information to inform decision-making regarding the initiation of departure from the breeding and wintering grounds. We propose that birds likely choose which date to depart on migration in a hierarchical fashion with weather not influencing decision-making until after the departure window has already been narrowed down by other ultimate and proximate factors.
Identification of an unusual pale green material on the surface of an ancient Chinese bronze vessel and application of laser cleaning to its removal
Authors: Shen Yijia , Zhang Guangmin , Zhou Xinguang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An ancient Chinese bronze vessel represented a typical difficult situation for conservation: a large quantity of an unwanted pale green material of unknown nature adhered to a surface fully decorated with delicate relief. The diagnostic itinerary, beginning with in-situ Raman spectroscopy analysis and followed by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, was found to be advantageous in revealing the presence of both inorganic and organic compounds in the pale green material. Irradiation with pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser in LQS regime (100 ns) followed by chemical cleaning using a low-toxicity solvent mixture proved to be respectful towards the original patina of the bronze as well as of high efficiency. Tentative analyses with the Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging were conducted to provide further indications on quality and visual effect during the cleaning result assessment. In parallel with the analyses and interventions on the bronze vessel, experiments were also carried out on mock-up samples in order to further explore the Raman scatter property and reactivity with laser ablation of mixed materials. The study provided reference for the optimization of diagnostic and conservation for the bronze artwork with similar situation.
Furosemide exacerbated the impairment of renal function, oxygenation and medullary damage in a rat model of renal ischemia/reperfusion induced AKI
Authors: Dilken Olcay , Ince Can , Kapucu Aysegul , Heeman Paul M. , Ergin Bülent 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by ischemia–reperfusion (IR) is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity after major surgery. Furosemide is commonly used in postoperative patients to promote diuresis and reduce tissue edema. However, the effects of furosemide on renal microcirculation, oxygenation and function are poorly understood during perioperative period following ischemic insult. Herein, we investigated the effects of furosemide in rats subjected IR insult.

Methods
24 Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups, with 6 in each; Sham-operated Control (C), Control + Furosemide (C + F), ischemia/reperfusion (IR), and IR + F. After induction of anesthesia (BL), supra-aortic occlusion was applied to IR and IR + F groups for 45 min followed by ongoing reperfusion for 15 min (T1) and 2 h (T2). Furosemide infusion was initiated simultaneously in the intervention groups after ischemia. Renal blood flow (RBF), vascular resistance (RVR), oxygen delivery (DO2ren) and consumption (VO2ren), sodium reabsorption (TNa+), oxygen utilization efficiency (VO2/TNa+), cortical (CμO2) and medullary (MμO2) microvascular oxygen pressures, urine output (UO) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) were measured. Biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress were measured and kidneys were harvested for histological analysis.

Results
IR significantly decreased RBF, mainly by increasing RVR, which was exacerbated in the IR + F group at T2 (2198 ± 879 vs 4233 ± 2636 dyne/s/cm5, p = 0.07). CμO2 (61.6 ± 6.8 vs 86 ± 6.6 mmHg) and MμO2 (51.1 ± 4.1 vs 68.7 ± 4.9 mmHg, p < 0.05) were both reduced after IR and did not improve by furosemide. Moreover, VO2/TNa+ increased in the IR + F group at T2 with respect to the IR group (IR: 3.3 ± 2 vs IR + F: 8.2 ± 10 p = 0.07) suggesting a possible deterioration of oxygen utilization. Ccr did not change, but plasma creatinine increased significantly in IR + F groups. Histopathology revealed widespread damage both in the cortex and medulla in IR, IR + F and C + F groups.

Conclusion
Renal microvascular oxygenation, renal function, renal vascular resistance, oxygen utilization and damage were not improved by furosemide administration after IR insult. Our study suggests that furosemide may cause additional structural and functional impairment to the kidney following ischemic injury and should be used with caution.
Case report: therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin in an acute liver failure patient with anuria under high-flow continuous hemodiafiltration
Authors: Ito Yuriko , Nakade Junya , Seki Akihiro , Gabata Ryosuke , Okazaki Mitsuyoshi , Nakanuma Shinichi , Fujita Arimi , Shimada Tsutomu , Yamashita Taro , Yagi Shintaro , Taniguchi Takumi , Sai Yoshimichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
High-flow continuous hemodiafiltration (HF-CHDF) combines diffusive and convective solute removal and is employed for artificial liver adjuvant therapy. However, there is no report on dosage planning of vancomycin (VCM) in patients with acute liver failure under HF-CHDF.

Case presentation
A 20-year-old woman (154 cm tall, weighing 50 kg) was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) with acute liver failure associated with autoimmune liver disease. On the following day, HF-CHDF was started due to elevated plasma ammonia concentration. On ICU day 8, VCM was started for suspected pneumonia and meningitis (30 mg/kg loading dose, then 20 mg/kg every 12 hrs). However, on ICU day 10, VCM blood concentration was under the limit of detection (< 3.0 μg/mL) and the patient developed anuria. The VCM dose was increased to 20 mg/kg every 6 hrs. Calculation with a one-compartment model using the HF-CHDF blood flow rate as a surrogate for VCM clearance, together with hematocrit and protein binding ratio, predicted a trough VCM blood concentration of 15 μg/mL. The observed concentration was about 12 μg/mL. The difference may represent non-HF-CHDF clearance. Finally, living donor liver transplantation was performed.

Conclusion
We report an acute liver failure patient with anuria under HF-CHDF in whom VCM administration failed to produce an effective blood concentration, likely due to HF-CHDF-enhanced clearance. VCM dosage adjustment proved successful, and was confirmed by calculation using a one-compartment model.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biodegradation capacity revealed by a genome-function relationship approach
Authors: Huang Yue , Li Liguan , Yin Xiaole , Zhang Tong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination has been a worldwide environmental issue because of its impact on ecosystems and human health. Biodegradation plays an important role in PAH removal in natural environments. To date, many PAH-degrading strains and degradation genes have been reported. However, a comprehensive PAH-degrading gene database is still lacking, hindering a deep understanding of PAH degraders in the era of big data. Furthermore, the relationships between the PAH-catabolic genotype and phenotype remain unclear.

Results
Here, we established a bacterial PAH-degrading gene database and explored PAH biodegradation capability via a genome-function relationship approach. The investigation of functional genes in the experimentally verified PAH degraders indicated that genes encoding hydratase-aldolase could serve as a biomarker for preliminarily identifying potential degraders. Additionally, a genome-centric interpretation of PAH-degrading genes was performed in the public genome database, demonstrating that they were ubiquitous in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Meanwhile, the global phylogenetic distribution was generally consistent with the culture-based evidence. Notably, a few strains affiliated with the genera without any previously known PAH degraders (Hyphomonas, Hoeflea, Henriciella, Saccharomonospora, Sciscionella, Tepidiphilus, and Xenophilus) also bore a complete PAH-catabolic gene cluster, implying their potential of PAH biodegradation. Moreover, a random forest analysis was applied to predict the PAH-degrading trait in the complete genome database, revealing 28 newly predicted PAH degraders, of which nine strains encoded a complete PAH-catabolic pathway.

Conclusions
Our results established a comprehensive PAH-degrading gene database and a genome-function relationship approach, which revealed several potential novel PAH-degrader lineages. Importantly, this genome-centric and function-oriented approach can overcome the bottleneck of conventional cultivation-based biodegradation research and substantially expand our current knowledge on the potential degraders of environmental pollutants.
Intergenerational trajectories of inherited vulnerabilities amongst young women refugees in South Africa
Authors: Crankshaw Tamaryn L. , Freedman Jane , Mutambara Victoria M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a paucity of scholarship examining the situated vulnerabilities of young women refugees who are either born in (second generation) or young children/adolescents on arrival in their host country (“1.5 generation”) and how these may impact intergenerational vulnerability or resilience. Based on qualitative research carried out in eThekwini (formerly known as Durban), South Africa amongst young women refugees (18–24 years) we highlight the issue of “inherited vulnerability”, examining how vulnerabilities can be transmitted across the refugee generations due to legal, economic and social structures which produce and maintain situations of inequality, rendering young women vulnerable to violence, exploitation and negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Ending the legal limbo in which they live and ensuring access to education and employment opportunities would help break the cycle of intergenerational precarity and support resilience of these young women as they transition to adulthood in South Africa.
PET/CT imaging 2 h after injection of [18F]PSMA-1007 can lead to higher staging of prostate cancer than imaging after 1 h
Authors: Hvittfeldt Erland , Bitzén Ulrika , Minarik David , Oddstig Jenny , Olsson Berit , Trägårdh Elin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
[18F]PSMA-1007 is a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of prostate cancer. Current guidelines recommend imaging 90–120 min after injection but strong data about optimal timing is lacking. Our aim was to study whether imaging after 1 h and 2 h leads to a different number of detected lesions, with a specific focus on lesions that might lead to a change in treatment.

Methods
195 patients underwent PET with computed tomography imaging 1 and 2 h after injection of [18F]PSMA-1007. Three readers assessed the status of the prostate or prostate bed and suspected metastases. We analyzed the location and number of found metastases to determine N- and M-stage of patients. We also analyzed standardized uptake values (SUV) in lesions and in normal tissue.

Results
Significantly more pelvic lymph nodes and bone metastases were found and higher N- and M-stages were seen after 2 h. In twelve patients (6.1%) two or three readers agreed on a higher N- or M-stage after 2 h. Conversely, in two patients (1.0%), two readers agreed on a higher stage at 1 h. SUVs in suspected malignant lesions and in normal tissues were higher at 2 h, but lower in the blood pool and urinary bladder.

Conclusions
Imaging at 2 h after injection of [18F]PSMA-1007 leads to more suspected metastases found than after 1 h, with higher staging in some patients and possible effect on patient treatment.
Bacillus spp. isolated from pepper leaves and their function and inhibition of the fungal plant pathogen Colletotrichum scovillei
Authors: Wei Lijuan , Yang Chengde , Cui Lingxiao , Jin Mengjun , Osei Richard 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Pepper is a popular ingredient in many Chinese households; however, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. has greatly decreased pepper production. The genus Bacillus is widely known for its important role in the development and protection of plants from phytopathogenic fungi.

Results
Fifty-eight endophytic strains were isolated from pepper leaves and tested for antifungal activity in this study. Specifically, L1-7 and L3-5 displayed growth inhibition rates of 79 and 80% against C. scovillei mycelium, respectively, while 25 of these strains all had growth inhibition rates of greater than 60%. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis, based on culture and morphological identification with 16S rDNA and gyrB gene sequence analyses, were determined to be the respective species L1-7 and L3-5. Additionally, it was discovered that these two antagonistic endophytic bacteria could fix nitrogen, produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) and have a high salt tolerance. Pot experiments again showed excellent control of the pathogen C. scovillei by L1-7 and L3-5, with 80.64 and 73.39% control, respectively. Therefore, B. amyloliquefaciens (L1-7) and B. velezensis (L3-5) can be applied as biological control agents to protect peppers against C. scovillei-caused anthracnose.

Conclusion
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (L1-7) and B. velezensis (L3-5) can be applied as biological control agents to protect peppers against C. scovillei-caused anthracnose. Thus, they can serve as promising biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters, and future research on the pertinent bacteria will serve as a useful guide for the creation of microbial resources.
Prevalence and determinants of antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from cancer patients in an intensive care unit in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Mohamed Nancy , Ghazal Abeer , Ahmed Asmaa Abdel Hameed , Zaki Adel 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are a globally increasing threat among critically ill patients, especially those with underlying malignancies. We aimed to assess the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of MDROs among cancer patients in intensive care units (ICU), and their predictors.

Methods
Over 4 years, we retrospectively reviewed medical records of 497 malignancy patients in the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Alexandria, Egypt. The data for various factors, such as demographic characteristics, comorbidities, causative pathogen, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), were collected and analyzed using univariate analysis. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the probability of developing MDROs among this population.

Results
A total of 748 isolates were obtained from 1249 specimens. Gram-negative bacteria detected (459) comprised 61.4% of all isolates, while only 75 (10%) were gram-positive, and 214 (28.6%) were fungal pathogens. The most frequently encountered isolate was Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 183), of which 107 were carbapenem-resistant (CR) and 62 were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing. This was followed by Escherichia coli (n = 136), of which 17 were CR and 100 were ESBL-producing strains, while 3 were resistant to quinolones. Acinetobacter baumannii came in third (n = 67), with 63 being CR. The overall susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria was recorded as highest to colistin (97.3%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcal species among gram-positive bacteria were 54.6% and 33.3%, respectively, with no resistance reported to vancomycin or linezolid. Among the MDRO infection predictors were neutropenia, recent antibiotics use, and receiving chemotherapy. Neutropenia had the highest odds ratio (OR: 2.3, CI: 1.28–4.09), followed by recent antibiotics use (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.22–2.59).

Conclusion
Gram-negative bacilli were the most frequently reported MDROs, with resistance to higher generation cephalosporins and even carbapenems limiting antibiotic treatment options to older class antibiotics, such as colistin, with potential side effects, including nephrotoxicity. Estimating AMR probability using the prediction model of risk factors, such as neutropenia and previous antibiotics use, may be functional in the rapid identification of higher-risk patients.
A journey to explore the health properties of traditional Korean diet: a commentary
Authors: Choi Sang-Woon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractModern food consumption in Korea has been modified to the Western style in parallel with the rapid globalization and economic growth, which might be a cause of skyrocketing increase of cardiometabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This is not a Korea-specific phenomenon but also a worldwide common public health problem. A plausible mechanism underlying the unhealthy changes could be genetics, especially metabolic genes that cannot adequately respond to the fast dietary changes and are unable to deal with the high intake of animal fat and calorie. If this is true, then the following questions are raised: (1) do we need to go back to the traditional K-diet (K-diet) to reduce the development of these unhealthy cardiometabolic disorders?, (2) if so, what could be the underlying mechanism by which K-diet may convey those health effects?, and (3) if the K-diet is not sufficient enough to solve the current problem, how can we modify the K-diet to fit our purposes?