bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A short‐chain carbonyl reductase mutant is an efficient catalyst in the production of (R)‐1,3‐butanediol
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan , Gao Yunfang , Liu Fangzheng , Tao Yong , Jin Haibo , Wang Jianjun , Wu Sheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractR‐1,3‐butanediol (R‐1,3‐BDO) is an important chiral intermediate of penem and carbapenem synthesis. Among the different synthesis methods to obtain pure enantiomer R‐1,3‐BDO, oxidation–reduction cascades catalysed by enzymes are promising strategies for its production. Dehydrogenases have been used for the reduction step, but the enantio‐selectivity is not high enough for further organic synthesis efforts. Here, a short‐chain carbonyl reductase (LnRCR) was evaluated for the reduction step and developed via protein engineering. After docking result analysis with the substrate 4‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone (4H2B), residues were selected for virtual mutagenesis, their substrate‐binding energies were compared, and four sites were selected for saturation mutagenesis. High‐throughput screening helped identify a Ser154Lys mutant which increased the catalytic efficiency by 115% compared to the parent enzyme. Computer‐aided simulations indicated that after single residue replacement, movements in two flexible areas (VTDPAF and SVGFANK) facilitated the volumetric compression of the 4H2B‐binding pocket. The number of hydrogen bonds between the stabilized 4H2B‐binding pocket of the mutant enzyme and substrate was higher (from four to six) than the wild‐type enzyme, while the substrate‐binding energy was decreased (from −17.0 kJ/mol to −29.1 kJ/mol). Consequently, the catalytic efficiency increased by approximately 115% and enantio‐selectivity increased from 95% to 99%. Our findings indicate that compact and stable substrate‐binding pockets are critical for enzyme catalysis. Lastly, the utilization of a microbe expressing the Ser154Lys mutant enzyme was proven to be a robust process to conduct the oxidation–reduction cascade at larger scales.
Particle swarm optimisation strategies for IOL formula constant optimisation
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate particle swarm optimisation (PSO) as a modern purely data driven non‐linear iterative strategy for lens formula constant optimisation in intraocular lens power calculation.MethodsA PSO algorithm was implemented for optimising the root mean squared formula prediction error (rmsPE, defined as achieved refraction minus predicted refraction) for the Castrop formula in a dataset of N = 888 cataractous eyes with implantation of the Hoya Vivinex hydrophobic acrylic aspheric lens. The hyperparameters were set to inertia: 0.8, accelerations c1 = c2 = 0.1. The algorithm was initialised with NP = 100 particles having random positions and velocities within the box constraints of the constant triplet parameter space C = 0.25 to 0.45, H = −0.25 to 0.25 and R = −0.25 to 0.25. The performance of the algorithm was compared to classical gradient‐based Trust‐Region‐Reflective and Interior‐Point algorithms.ResultsThe PSO algorithm showed fast and stable convergence after 37 iterations. The rmsPE reduced systematically to 0.3440 diopters (D). With further iterations the scatter of the particle positions in the swarm decreased but without further reduction of rmsPE. The final constant triplet was C/H/R = 0.2982/0.2497/0.1435. The Trust‐Region‐Reflective/Interior‐Point algorithms showed convergence after 27/17 iterations, respectively, resulting in formula constant triplets C/H/R = 0.2982/0.2496/0.1436 and 0.2982/0.2495/0.1436, both with the same rmsPE as the PSO algorithm (rmsPE = 0.3440 D).ConclusionThe PSO appears to be a powerful adaptive nonlinear iteration algorithm for formula constant optimisation even in formulae with more than 1 constant. It acts independently of an analytical or numerical gradient and is in general able to search for the best solution even with multiple local minima of the target function.
How open innovation can improve companies' corporate social responsibility performance?
Authors: Strazzullo Serena , Mauriello Roberto , Corvello Vincenzo , Cricelli Livio , Grimaldi Michele 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOpen Innovation (OI) allows companies to develop innovative solutions more effectively, with lower costs and risks. The economic benefits of OI have been thoroughly investigated in prior research. More recent literature suggests that OI can help companies also improve their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance. Contributions on how open innovation can help companies improve their CSR performance, however, are fragmented and lack strong theoretical foundations. In this study, we perform a systematic literature review to synthesize the main findings and provide a theoretical framework to explain how companies can simultaneously improve OI and CSR through the management of relationships with stakeholders. The framework is then used to investigate how OI projects favour the achievement of CSR objectives, by referencing the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Results show that the stakeholders' theory can be used to explain the connection between OI and CSR performance. We also find that companies can collaborate with different stakeholders' categories to achieve a variety of CSR goals. We suggest that companies adopt a long‐term perspective and explicitly include sustainability objectives in their open innovation strategy to enhance their position as reliable partners and elicit favourable responses from the environment. Results also allow us to provide some suggestions for future research. First, we point out that literature currently lacks conceptual studies to help formalize the connection between OI and CSR. Secondly, we observe that the influence of some stakeholders' categories, such as governments and research organizations, on companies' OI and CSR efforts remains under‐investigated.
Influence of partially exposed nonabsorbable membrane for alveolar ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Matumoto Edson Ken , Corrêa Mônica Grazieli , Couso‐Queiruga Emilio , Monteiro Mabelle Freitas , Graham Zachary , Braz Silvia Helena Garcia , Ribeiro Fernanda Vieira , Pimentel Suzana Peres , Cirano Fabiano Ribeiro , Casati Marcio Zaffalon 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimThis randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact of a partially exposed non‐absorbable membrane (dPTFE) in Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP) procedures on clinical, tomographic, immunoenzymatic, implant‐related, and patient‐centered outcomes.Materials and methodsPatients with a hopeless maxillary single‐rooted tooth demanding rehabilitation with implants were included. Patients were randomized into two groups: dPTFE (n = 22)—tooth extraction followed by ARP using a partially exposed dPTFE membrane; USH (n = 22)—unassisted socket healing. Clinical and tomographic analyses were performed at baseline and after 3 months. After 3 months, patients received one dental implant. Implant stability quotient was obtained following implant placement. Bone‐related markers were analyzed in bone biopsies using an immunoenzymatic assay.ResultsGreater gain in Keratinized Mucosa Width (KMW) was observed in the dPTFE (1.33 ± 0.98 mm) compared to USH (0.59 ± 0.98 mm) (Mann–Whitney test, Z = 2,28, p < 0.05). USH showed a reduction of pain/discomfort, edema, and interference with daily life from the seventh day (Friedman/Wilcoxon test, maxT = 7.48, 8.00, and 5.92, respectively, p < 0.05). dPTFE presents a reduction of edema and interference with daily life from the 7th day and pain/discomfort from the 14th day (Friedman/Wilcoxon test, maxT = 5.40, 5.26, and 4.78, respectively, p < 0.05). The dPTFE group presented higher pain/discomfort in the 35 and 42 days and higher edema from 7 to 42 days postoperatively than USH group (Mann–Whitney test, p < 0.05). No differences between groups were observed in the tomographic measures, immunoenzymatic analysis, and implant stability (p > 0.05).ConclusiondPTFE was superior to USH by increasing KMW gain. However, dPTFE without bone graft presented similar bone loss compared to USH. This clinical trial was not registered prior to participant recruitment and randomization (NCT04329351).
Perianal Paget's—an aggressive disease
Authors: Rudnicki Yaron , Stapleton Sahael M. , Batra Rishi , Gan Tong , Mathis Kellie L. , Kelley Scott R. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPerianal Paget's disease (PAPD) is a rare disorder with a predisposition to anal and colorectal malignancies and an unclear prognosis. Our previous 25‐year series demonstrated a non‐aggressive nature. This study aims to describe our updated institutional experience.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of all patients diagnosed with primary PAPD from 1991 to 2021. A prospectively maintained institutional database was searched which included demographics, clinical and pathological manifestations, treatment methods, recurrence, oncological outcome and mortality.ResultsThirty patients were diagnosed with PAPD. Fifteen were women (50%); the average age at diagnosis was 71 ± 10.7 years, and the average lesion size was 3.7 ± 2.6 cm. At diagnosis, 12 (40%) were harbouring invasive anal adenocarcinoma. Eight (27%) developed adenocarcinomas concurrent with PAPD recurrence at a mean interval of 9 ± 4.4 years (range 1.9–14.8). The Kaplan–Meier curve estimated overall survival of 93%, 86%, 82%, 65% and 56% at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively. Median survival was 16 years. Six (20%) had disease‐related mortality. Initially, nine (30%) were treated with abdominoperineal resection (APR), 15 (50%) underwent local resection, three (10%) were treated with radiotherapy, two (7%) received only topical therapy and one (3%) chose observation. Fifteen (50%) experienced recurrence of PAPD, two after undergoing APR. Five (17%) had persistent disease until death. Only 10 (33%) did not experience PAPD recurrence, seven of whom underwent APR. The mean follow‐up time was 9.2 ± 6.2 years.ConclusionsPerianal Paget's disease is an aggressive entity with high rates of synchronous anal adenocarcinoma at diagnosis and development of metachronous adenocarcinoma later in life.
Connecting the right knots: The impact of board committee interlocks on the performance of Indian firms
Authors: Edacherian Saneesh , Richter Ansgar , Karna Amit , Gopalakrishnan Balagopal 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueInformation processing, agency, and resource dependence perspectives provide diverging predictions regarding the relationship between board interlocks and firm performance, which are rooted in different perspectives on the roles of boards of directors. This study argues that these various approaches are reconcilable when considering the nature of board committees to which the interlocked directors are assigned.Research Findings/InsightsWe test our hypotheses on a sample of 5133 firm‐year observations in India. Our analyses support our hypotheses. The results show that interlocks between audit committees, whose primary function relates to providing financial oversight and ensuring compliance, are negatively related to firm performance. In contrast, interlocks between nomination and remuneration committees of Indian firms, which provide them with access to resources such as human capital and information on appropriate incentive structures, are positively related to performance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study clarifies the relationship between board committee interlocks and firm performance by taking a multi‐theoretical perspective. Our analysis suggests that information processing, agency, and resource dependence theories complement one another in explaining the effect of interlocks on firm performance.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur results show that it is not board interlocks per se that are detrimental to firm performance; in fact, appointing well‐connected directors with experience in serving on other boards might be beneficial for firms. However, firms should not assign specific monitoring‐intensive tasks such as auditing to directors who also serve on other firms' audit committees. Our findings suggest that these directors should have greater independence and focus.
Women directors, board attendance, and corporate financial performance
Authors: Joecks Jasmin , Pull Kerstin , Scharfenkamp Katrin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractResearch Question/IssueUsing insights from an in‐depth qualitative interview study, we propose an input‐process‐output model where the link between women directors (input) and corporate financial performance (output) is mediated by board attendance and where board attendance serves as a proxy of several intermediate but latent board processes. Further, we dig deeper into the nonlinearities of female boardroom representation by analyzing in how far the postulated mediation depends on the number of women in the boardroom.Research Findings/InsightsAnalyzing quantitative data from German supervisory boards over an 11‐year period, we find the link between women directors and corporate financial performance to be partially mediated by board attendance, and we find the mediation to depend on whether there is more than just one “token” woman in the boardroom. When there is only one woman in the boardroom, her presence is positively linked to board attendance, but the higher board attendance does not to translate into a better corporate financial performance.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur study contributes to theory, by inductively enriching our understanding of how and when women directors and corporate financial performance are linked.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur study encourages firms to appoint more than one woman to the boardroom to profit from an enhanced board attendance that will then also translate into a better corporate financial performance.
Effects of oral semaglutide on cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or chronic kidney disease: Design and baseline characteristics of SOUL, a randomized trial
Authors: McGuire Darren K. , Busui Rodica P. , Deanfield John , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Mann Johannes F. E. , Marx Nikolaus , Mulvagh Sharon L. , Poulter Neil , Engelmann Mads D. M. , Hovingh G. Kees , Ripa Maria Sejersten , Gislum Mette , Brown‐Frandsen Kirstine , Buse John B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the design of the SOUL trial (Semaglutide cardiOvascular oUtcomes triaL) and the baseline clinical data of its participants.Materials and methodsIn SOUL, the effects of oral semaglutide, the first oral glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, on the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in individuals with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be assessed. SOUL is a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group, placebo‐controlled CV outcomes trial comparing oral semaglutide (14 mg once daily) with placebo, both in addition to standard of care, in individuals aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes and evidence of ASCVD (coronary artery disease [CAD], cerebrovascular disease, symptomatic peripheral arterial disease [PAD]) and/or CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The primary outcome is time from randomization to first occurrence of a major adverse CV event (MACE; a composite of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke). This event‐driven trial will continue until 1225 first adjudication‐confirmed MACEs have occurred. Enrolment has been completed.ResultsOverall, 9650 participants were enrolled between June 17, 2019 and March 24, 2021 (men 71.1%, White ethnicity 68.9%, mean age 66.1 years, diabetes duration 15.4 years, body mass index 31.1 kg/m2, glycated haemoglobin 63.5 mmol/mol [8.0%]). The most frequently used antihyperglycaemic medications at baseline were metformin (75.7%), insulin and insulin analogues (50.5%), sulphonylureas (29.1%), sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (26.7%) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (23.0%). At randomization, 70.7% of participants had CAD, 42.3% had CKD, 21.1% had cerebrovascular disease and 15.7% had symptomatic PAD (categories not mutually exclusive). Prevalent heart failure was reported in 23.0% of participants.ConclusionSOUL will provide evidence regarding the CV effects of oral semaglutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes and established ASCVD and/or CKD.
Clinical features of generalized lipodystrophy in Turkey: A cohort analysis
Authors: Yildirim Simsir Ilgin , Tuysuz Beyhan , Ozbek Mehmet Nuri , Tanrikulu Seher , Celik Guler Merve , Karhan Asuman Nur , Denkboy Ongen Yasemin , Gunes Nilay , Soyaltin Utku Erdem , Altay Canan , Nur Banu , Ozalkak Servan , Akgun Dogan Ozlem , Dursun Fatma , Pekkolay Zafer , Eren Mehmet Ali , Usta Yusuf , Ozisik Secil , Ozgen Saydam Basak , Adiyaman Suleyman Cem , Unal Mehmet Cagri , Gungor Semiz Gokcen , Turan Ihsan , Eren Erdal , Kayserili Hulya , Jeru Isabelle , Vigouroux Corinne , Atik Tahir , Onay Huseyin , Ozen Samim , Arioglu Oral Elif , Akinci Baris 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo describe the Turkish generalized lipodystrophy (GL) cohort with the frequency of each complication and the death rate during the period of the follow‐up.MethodsThis study reports on 72 patients with GL (47 families) registered at different centres in Turkey that cover all regions of the country. The mean ± SD follow‐up was 86 ± 78 months.ResultsThe Kaplan–Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of diabetes and/or prediabetes was 16 years. Hyperglycaemia was not controlled in 37 of 45 patients (82.2%) with diabetes. Hypertriglyceridaemia developed in 65 patients (90.3%). The Kaplan–Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of hypertriglyceridaemia was 14 years. Hypertriglyceridaemia was severe (≥ 500 mg/dl) in 38 patients (52.8%). Seven (9.7%) patients suffered from pancreatitis. The Kaplan–Meier estimate of the median time to diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was 15 years. Liver disease progressed to cirrhosis in nine patients (12.5%). Liver disease was more severe in congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (CGL2). Proteinuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed in 32 patients (44.4%) and cardiac disease in 23 patients (31.9%). Kaplan–Meier estimates of the median time to diagnosis of CKD and cardiac disease were 25 and 45 years, respectively. Females appeared to have a more severe metabolic disease, with an earlier onset of metabolic abnormalities. Ten patients died during the follow‐up period. Causes of death were end‐stage renal disease, sepsis (because of recurrent intestinal perforations, coronavirus disease, diabetic foot infection and following coronary artery bypass graft surgery), myocardial infarction, heart failure because of dilated cardiomyopathy, stroke, liver complications and angiosarcoma.ConclusionsStandard treatment approaches have only a limited impact and do not prevent the development of severe metabolic abnormalities and early onset of organ complications in GL.
Environmental sustainability and management theory development: Post‐paradigm insights from the Anthropocene
Authors: Callaghan Christian William , Mitchell Andrew 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGiven a looming crisis of environmental degradation, this conceptual review revisits certain long‐standing assumptions informing the development of management theory. Specifically, we problematise seminal notions of paradigm differentiation at the heart of Burrell and Morgan's theory of paradigms by arguing that assumptions of paradigm incommensurability amount to abdication of a responsibility to consider cross‐cutting existential imperatives. In developing the concept of epistemological panarchy, we build on some ideas of stakeholder theory to suggest a research agenda concerned with developing an improved meta‐epistemology aligned with concerns of environmental sustainability.
Socioeconomic development shows positive links to the conservation efficiency of China's protected area network
Authors: Zhao Jinqi , Xiao Yi , Zhang Yanliang , Shao Yuting , Ma Tianxiao , Kou Xiaojun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sang Weiguo , Axmacher Jan Christoph 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile the protected area (PA) covers >15% of the planet's terrestrial land area and continues to expand, factors determining its effectiveness in conserving endangered species are being debated. We investigated the links between direct anthropogenic pressures, socioeconomic settings, and the coverage of vertebrate taxa by China's PA network, and indicated that high socioeconomic status and low levels of human pressure correlate with high species coverage, with threatened mammals more effectively conserved than reptiles or amphibians. Positive links between conservation outcomes and socioeconomic progress appear linked to local livelihood improvements triggering positive perceptions of local PAs—aided further by ecological compensation and tourism schemes introduced in wealthy areas and reinforced by continued positive conservation outcomes. Socioeconomic development of China's less developed regions might assist regional PA efficiency and achievement of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, while also addressing potential shortcomings from an insufficient past focus on socioeconomic impacts for biodiversity conservation.
Addressing the problem of scale that emerges with habitat fragmentation
Authors: Fletcher Robert J. , Betts Matthew G. , Damschen Ellen I. , Hefley Trevor J. , Hightower Jessica , Smith Thomas A. H. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Haddad Nick M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFragmentation and scaleAlthough habitat loss has well‐known impacts on biodiversity, the effects of habitat fragmentation remain intensely debated. It is often argued that the effects of habitat fragmentation, or the breaking apart of habitat for a given habitat amount, can be understood only at the scale of entire landscapes composed of multiple habitat patches. Yet, fragmentation also impacts the size, isolation and habitat edge for individual patches within landscapes. Addressing the problem of scale on fragmentation effects is crucial for resolving how fragmentation impacts biodiversity.Scaling frameworkWe build upon scaling concepts in ecology to describe a framework that emphasizes three “dimensions” of scale in habitat fragmentation research: the scales of phenomena (or mechanisms), sampling and analysis. Using this framework, we identify ongoing challenges and provide guidance for advancing the science of fragmentation.ImplicationsWe show that patch‐ and landscape‐scale patterns arising from habitat fragmentation for a given amount of habitat are fundamentally related, leading to interdependencies among expected patterns arising from different scales of phenomena. Aggregation of information when increasing the grain of sampling (e.g., from patch to landscape) creates challenges owing to biases created from the modifiable areal unit problem. Consequently, we recommend that sampling strategies use the finest grain that captures potential underlying mechanisms (e.g., plot or patch). Study designs that can capture phenomena operating at multiple spatial extents offer the most promise for understanding the effects of fragmentation and its underlying mechanisms. By embracing the interrelationships among scales, we expect more rapid advances in our understanding of habitat fragmentation.