bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the incidence of early-onset breast cancer in Germany between 2010 and 2022
Authors: Gremke Niklas , Wagner Uwe , Kalder Matthias , Kostev Karel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to identify the mean age at which breast cancer (BC) was first diagnosed in 2010 or 2022, and to evaluate whether there were any changes in age groups at first BC diagnosis.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study included adult women (18 years or older) who were diagnosed with BC (ICD-10: C50) for the first time in 2010 or 2022 in office-based practices in Germany (in 300 general practices or 95 gynecological practices). We examined the mean age at diagnosis and the percentage of patients in three age groups (18–49, 50–65, and > 65) for both 2010 and 2022. The average age difference between 2010 and 2022 was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank tests, and the proportions of the three age groups were analyzed using chi-squared tests. These analyses were performed separately for patients in general and gynecological practices.

Results
The mean age at which BC was initially diagnosed in 2022 was found to be significantly greater than that in 2010 for both general practices (66.9 years vs. 64.0 years p < 0.001) and gynecological practices (62.2 years vs. 60.3 years, p < 0.001). Early-onset BC decreased from 15.6 to 12.0% in general practices and from 23.2 to 18.2% in gynecological practices between 2010 and 2022. The proportion of new BC diagnoses in the age group 50–65 increased from 36.6 to 40.9% in gynecological practices, but did not increase in general practices.

Conclusion
The study found that BC was diagnosed at an older age in 2022 than in 2010. In addition, the proportion of early-onset BC cases decreased, while the proportion of cases in the age group 50–65 increased in gynecological practices in Germany.
On the Continuum Fallacy: Is Temperature a Continuous Function?
Authors: Jha Aditya , Campbell Douglas , Montelle Clemency , Wilson Phillip L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIt is often argued that the indispensability of continuum models comes from their empirical adequacy despite their decoupling from the microscopic details of the modelled physical system. There is thus a commonly held misconception that temperature varying across a region of space or time can always be accurately represented as a continuous function. We discuss three inter-related cases of temperature modelling — in phase transitions, thermal boundary resistance and slip flows — and show that the continuum view is fallacious on the ground that the microscopic details of a physical system are not necessarily decoupled from continuum models. We show how temperature discontinuities are present in both data (experiments and simulations) and phenomena (theory and models) and how discontinuum models of temperature variation may have greater empirical adequacy and explanatory power. The conclusions of our paper are: a) continuum idealisations are not indispensable to modelling physical phenomena and both continuous and discontinuous representations of phenomena work depending on the context; b) temperature is not necessarily a continuously defined function in our best scientific representations of the world; and c) that its continuity, where applicable, is a contingent matter. We also raise a question as to whether discontinuous representations should be considered truly de-idealised descriptions of physical phenomena.
Retraction-Based Direct Search Methods for Derivative Free Riemannian Optimization
Authors: Kungurtsev Vyacheslav , Rinaldi Francesco , Zeffiro Damiano 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDirect search methods represent a robust and reliable class of algorithms for solving black-box optimization problems. In this paper, the application of those strategies is exported to Riemannian optimization, wherein minimization is to be performed with respect to variables restricted to lie on a manifold. More specifically, classic and linesearch extrapolated variants of direct search are considered, and tailored strategies are devised for the minimization of both smooth and nonsmooth functions, by making use of retractions. A class of direct search algorithms for minimizing nonsmooth objectives on a Riemannian manifold without having access to (sub)derivatives is analyzed for the first time in the literature. Along with convergence guarantees, a set of numerical performance illustrations on a standard set of problems is provided.
New species of Foleyellides (Nematoda: Onchocercidae: Waltonellinae), parasite of Lithobates brownorum (Amphibia: Ranidae) from South-eastern Mexico and genetic barcodes of the Mexican species of the genus
Authors: Velázquez-Urrieta Yanet , Velarde-Aguilar María Guadalupe , Oceguera-Figueroa Alejandro , León-Règagnon Virginia 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpecimens of Foleyellides were collected from the body cavity of frogs in different regions of Mexico; Lithobates brownorum from Yucatán, Quintana Roo and Campeche; L. megapoda from Jalisco and Rhinella marina, from Guerrero. Foleyellides calakmulesisn. sp. is described based on specimens found parasitizing L. brownorum. The new species is distinguished from the other members of the genus by the combination of the following male characters: four pairs of caudal papillae different in size and the presence of a preanal plaque. Partial DNA sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase C, subunit I of the four known Mexican species of Foleyellides and two potentially new species collected in this study were generated and compared, validating the erection of the new species.
Faster RCNN based robust vehicle detection algorithm for identifying and classifying vehicles
Authors: Alam Md Khorshed , Ahmed Asif , Salih Rania , Al Asmari Abdullah Faiz Saeed , Khan Mohammad Arsalan , Mustafa Noman , Mursaleen Mohammad , Islam Saiful 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDeep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown tremendous success in the detection of objects and vehicles in recent years. However, when using CNNs to identify real-time vehicle detection in a moving context remains difficult. Many obscured and truncated cars, as well as huge vehicle scale fluctuations in traffic photos, provide these issues. To improve the performance of detection findings, we used multiscale feature maps from CNN or input pictures with numerous resolutions to adapt the base network to match different scales. This research presents an enhanced framework depending on Faster R-CNN for rapid vehicle recognition which presents better accuracy and fast processing time. Research results on our custom dataset indicate that our recommended methodology performed better in terms of detection efficiency and processing time, especially in comparison to the earlier age of Faster R-CNN models.
Examining the Impact and Moderating Effects of an 8-Week Mindfulness-Based Program in Grade 4
Authors: Limpo Teresa , Vieira Ana I. , Magalhães Sofia , Rocha Renata , Cordeiro Carolina , Rodrigues Rui , Coelho António , Nóbrega Rui , Jacob João , Cardoso Pedro , Pinheiro Marisa , Castro São Luís 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
There is a growing interest in mindfulness-based programs. Yet, research in the area is limited, and little is known about the factors that moderate the effects of these programs. The two-fold aim of this study was (1) to examine the effects of a mindfulness-based program on dispositional mindfulness, inattention and emotional lability, handwriting fluency, spelling accuracy, and composing quality, as well as school achievement; and (2) to evaluate the moderating role of lesson absences, intervention-related knowledge, and social validity.

Method
Using a quasi-experimental design, 257 fourth graders were assigned to an experimental group receiving a mindfulness-based program (n = 130) or an active control group receiving a health-based program (n = 127). Both programs were implemented in the classroom for 8 weekly units, which included two 30-min sessions delivered by psychologists, followed by three 5-min sessions delivered by teachers. All children were evaluated before and after the programs.

Results
Compared to the control condition, the mindfulness-based program resulted in higher levels of internal and external awareness, and decentering and nonreactivity, as well as better composing quality and mathematics grades. Lesson absences, intervention-related knowledge, and social validity did not moderate the effects of the mindfulness-based program.

Conclusions
These findings support the integration of mindfulness practices in primary school as a means to improve children’s academic-related skills and ability to be mindful.
Inhalable dry powder product (DPP) of mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) for pulmonary delivery
Authors: Sarode Ashish , Patel Priyal , Vargas-Montoya Natalia , Allawzi Ayed , Zhilin-Roth Alisa , Karmakar Saswata , Boeglin Lianne , Deng Hongfeng , Karve Shrirang , DeRosa Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPulmonary delivery of mRNA via inhalation is a very attractive approach for RNA-based therapy for treatment of lung diseases. In this work, we have demonstrated successful development of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) dry powder product (DPP), wherein the LNPs were spray dried using hydroalcoholic solvent along with mannitol and leucine as excipients. The desired critical attributes for the DPP were accomplished by varying the excipients, lipid composition, concentration of LNPs, and weight percentage of mRNA. Leucine alone or in combination with mannitol improved the formulation by increasing the mRNA yield as well as decreasing the particle size. Intratracheal administration of the DPP in mice resulted in luciferase expression in the trachea and lungs indicating successful delivery of functional mRNA. Our results show formulation optimization of mRNA LNPs administered in the form of DPP results in an efficacious functional delivery with great promise for future development of mRNA therapeutics for lung diseases.
Graphical Abstract
AlterNet-K: a small and compact model for the detection of glaucoma
Authors: D’Souza Gavin , Siddalingaswamy P. C. , Pandya Mayur Anand 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGlaucoma is one of the leading causes of permanent blindness in the world. It is caused due to an increase in the intraocular pressure within the eye that harms the optic nerve. People suffering from Glaucoma often do not notice any changes in their vision in the early stages. However, as it progresses, Glaucoma usually leads to vision loss that is irreversible in many cases. Thus, early diagnosis of this eye disease is of critical importance. The fundus image is one of the most used diagnostic tools for glaucoma detection. However, drawing accurate insights from these images requires them to be manually analyzed by medical experts, which is a time-consuming process. In this work, we propose a parameter-efficient AlterNet-K model based on an alternating design pattern, which combines ResNets and multi-head self-attention (MSA) to leverage their complementary properties to improve the generalizability of the overall model. The model was trained on the Rotterdam EyePACS AIROGS dataset, comprising 113,893 colour fundus images from 60,357 subjects. The AlterNet-K model outperformed transformer models such as ViT, DeiT-S, and Swin transformer, standard DCNN models including ResNet, EfficientNet, MobileNet and VGG with an accuracy of 0.916, AUROC of 0.968 and F1 score of 0.915. The results indicate that smaller CNN models combined with self-attention mechanisms can achieve high classification accuracies. Small and compact Resnet models combined with MSA outperform their larger counterparts. The models in this work can be extended to handle classification tasks in other medical imaging domains.
Tra le carte di Gino Fano: le ricerche sulle varietà a tre dimensioni
Authors: Scalambro Elena 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper investigates G. Fano’s contributions to the study of three-dimensional varieties—the so called Fano threefolds—starting from unpublished manuscripts kept in Turin’s Special Mathematical Library. The main aspects examined are the evolution of the research path, the placing into the wake of the Italian school of algebraic geometry, Fano’s links with the English geometers and his legacy on later studies.
The impact of vascular access type on survival in haemodialysis: time for a paradigm shift? A prospective cohort study
Authors: Paparella Maria , Cassia Matthias , De Leonardis Rossella , Cozzolino Mario 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Although arteriovenous autologous fistula is the vascular access of choice due to better long-term outcome than central venous catheters, the use of central venous catheters is increasing. Our study aims to describe the survival and epidemiological features of a cohort of dialysis patients with a focus on the role of vascular access.

Methods
Our study comprises a follow-up period from 2001 to 2020 in a single center. Descriptive analysis was performed on baseline data. Moreover, we analysed predictive variables of death with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. Predictors of survival were analysed by univariable and multivariable Cox regression.

Results
Our analysis includes 754 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. In the multivariable logistic regression, the use of tunnelled catheters resulted protective against death from any cause (Odds Ratio 0.43; p = 0.017). In the multivariable Cox analysis, being “late referral” was associated with decreased survival in the first 6 months since haemodialysis start (Hazard Ratio 3.79; p = 0.001). In the subgroup of elderly (age ≥ 75 years) patients (n = 201/472) with a follow up of 7–60 months, multivariable logistic regression showed that tunnelled catheters at the start of haemodialysis were associated with lower mortality (Odds Ratio, 0.25; p = 0.021), whereas vascular disease was found to be the main risk factor for death (Odds Ratio, 5.11; p = 0.000). Moreover, vascular disease was confirmed as the only independent risk factor by Cox analysis (Hazard Ratio, 1.58; p = 0.017).

Conclusions
In our cohort, mortality was found to be more closely associated with comorbidities than with the type of vascular access. Tunnelled central venous catheters might be a viable option for haemodialysis patients.

Graphical abstract
‘I’ve Got Nothing Against Vegans… But’: To Divulge, Dissemble or Divert Positionality in Rural Research Settings
Authors: Nye Caroline , Wheeler Rebecca 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChanges in diet and related purchasing habits at a societal level have become a significant source of stress for farmers in recent years. The rise of vegetarianism and veganism means that the use of these dietary terms, and those who identify with them, may act as potential triggers for those working with livestock. This paper considers the specific methodological issue of how to position oneself within the research process in rural domains, with regards to personal identity related to diet. Focussing on non-meat eaters conducting research with livestock farmers, it explores the moral implications and appropriateness of how and whether authors choose to truthfully present their own diet-related identities in research settings. Using ethnographic descriptions of personal experience as well as secondary source material, the authors conclude that three possible response behaviours at the farmer-researcher interface are available when it comes to potentially ‘exposing’ one’s dietary identity – to divulge, to dissemble, or to divert, and that each comes with its own ethical and moral challenges. We argue that the research field and the researcher’s personal world are separate, though blurred, realms and, while the collection of quality data is important to any study, behavioural decisions should always be undertaken with boundaries of safety, and emotional and moral comfort in mind.
Risk potential of international fruit trade for viroid spreading - case study on hop viroids in Europe
Authors: Hagemann Michael Helmut , Treiber Charlotte , Born Ute , Schrader Gritta , Stampfl Johannes , Jakše Jernej , Radišek Sebastjan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Most hops are produced in Europe; therefore, it is alarming that the citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd), the causal agent of the severe hop stunt disease, was detected in different nonadjacent hop growing countries. It is still unclear how the initial infection occurred since CBCVd is typically found in citrus and not in hops. To extent data for a viroid risk assessment, potential hosts were tested for the presence of viroids in grocery stores in the hop producing areas of Slovenia and Germany. Samples positive for hop-pathogenic viroids were further used for infection studies. The surveys covered CBCVd, hop stunt viroid (HSVd), citrus exocortis viroid (CEVd), citrus dwarfing viroid (CDVd), citrus viroid V (CVdV), and citrus bent leaf viroid (CBLVd). The results show that all tested viroids can be found in fruits sold in grocery stores, thus there is a risk of introducing CBCVd, HSVd, and other viroids into the hop growing regions via imported fruits and their remains. Furthermore, the transmission study reveals that CBCVd and HSVd infected citrus fruits can lead to infected plants, irrespective of the type of inoculum whether in the form of RNA extract, injected sap, or fruit peel in the soil. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequence diversity within viroid samples is high and that CBCVd and HSVd sequence variants can be found, which are almost identical to variants confirmed in hop. We assumed that fruit imports contribute to international viroid spreading and inappropriate handling like fruit waste deposition to agricultural lands is a serious risk factor.
An Arbitrarily High Order and Asymptotic Preserving Kinetic Scheme in Compressible Fluid Dynamic
Authors: Abgrall Rémi , Nassajian Mojarrad Fatemeh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe present a class of arbitrarily high order fully explicit kinetic numerical methods in compressible fluid dynamics, both in time and space, which include the relaxation schemes by Jin and Xin. These methods can use the CFL number larger or equal to unity on regular Cartesian meshes for the multi-dimensional case. These kinetic models depend on a small parameter that can be seen as a “Knudsen” number. The method is asymptotic preserving in this Knudsen number. Also, the computational costs of the method are of the same order of a fully explicit scheme. This work is the extension of Abgrall et al. (2022) [3] to multi-dimensional systems. We have assessed our method on several problems for two-dimensional scalar problems and Euler equations and the scheme has proven to be robust and to achieve the theoretically predicted high order of accuracy on smooth solutions.
Extraction and purification of malaria vaccine candidate CLCT produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants
Authors: Knödler Matthias , Buyel Johannes F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum is a malaria parasite that infects more than 220 million people every year. Various non-vaccine campaigns have failed to eradicate malaria and the World Health Organization has recommended only a single malaria vaccine, but this has mediocre efficacy. Additional efforts are therefore required to design and produce medicines that trigger a highly protective immune response. Importantly, the production of such medicines must be cost-efficient to ensure availability in developing countries of the global south, especially sub-Saharan Africa, where they are most needed. Here, we report the development of downstream processing for the novel malaria vaccine candidate CLCT. This fusion protein combines four P. falciparum antigens and was produced by transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using Rhizobium radiobacter (formerly Agrobacterium tumefaciens). The protein accumulated to levels of 118.8 mg kg− 1 and the blanching of plant biomass enabled the efficient precipitation of > 90% of host cell proteins, thereby achieving a ~ 25-fold increase in the purity of the heat-stable target protein in the homogenate. Plant extracts were clarified by a series of bag, depth and sterile filtration steps with an overall recovery of 36.6%. An ultrafiltration/diafiltration step was then used for buffer exchange and to concentrate the product 2.6-fold, with a step recovery of ~ 65%. We optimized a hydrophobic interaction chromatography capture step, achieving a CLCT recovery of ~ 40%. The overall process yield of purified CLCT was ~ 12 mg kg− 1 biomass with a final purity of ~ 83%, which is sufficient for initial activity testing in preclinical animal model immunization studies.
Monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of infections in patients with MM receiving bispecific antibody therapy: consensus recommendations from an expert panel
Authors: Raje Noopur , Anderson Kenneth , Einsele Hermann , Efebera Yvonne , Gay Francesca , Hammond Sarah P. , Lesokhin Alexander M. , Lonial Sagar , Ludwig Heinz , Moreau Philippe , Patel Krina , Ramasamy Karthik , Mateos Maria-Victoria 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBispecific antibodies (BsAbs) are emerging as an important novel class of immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), and are set to be more widely used in clinical practice. However, this new class of therapies is associated with a distinct adverse event (AE) profile that includes cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, as well as AEs leading to increased infection risk such as cytopenias and hypogammaglobulinemia, and infections themselves. As preliminary data with this class of agents shows an increased risk of infections as compared with conventional MM treatment regimens, such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), guidance on infection monitoring, prophylaxis and treatment is required. This review provides consensus recommendations from a panel of 13 global experts, following a meeting in August 2022. The meeting objective was to review existing literature and identify relevant information on infections with all BsAbs in patients with MM, as well as to discuss clinical experience of experts in managing these infections. The recommendations outlined here can be used to guide management of infection risk factors, such as hypogammaglobulinemia and neutropenia. In addition, they can be used to guide the monitoring, prophylaxis, and treatment of bacterial, viral and fungal infections, including emerging infections of interest, such as coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and the use of vaccinations prior to and during BsAb treatment. The recommendations have been graded by the panel based on level of data available. Key recommendations include universal herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus prophylaxis, screening for hepatitis B virus reactivation risk in all patients, monthly intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for immunoparesis and in the absence of life-threatening infectious manifestations, use of colony-stimulating factors in patients with Grade 3 neutropenia, universal pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis and no routine anti-fungal prophylaxis.