bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors related to pregnancy in adolescence: reproductive profile of a group of pregnant women / Fatores relacionados a gravidez na adolescência: perfil reprodutivo de um grupo de gestantes
Authors: Pontes Brenda , Baptista Quitete Jane , De Carvalho Castro Rosana , Cordeiro Fernandes Gisele , De Jesus Laelma , Cardoso Teixeira Raquel 
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: descrever o perfil reprodutivo de mulheres adolescentes participantes de um grupo de gestantes. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, documental e retrospectivo realizado através da ficha de cadastro de participantes de um grupo de gestante vinculado ao consultório de enfermagem de uma universidade pública federal do rio de janeiro em 2018. Resultados: analisou-se 59 cadastros. houve predominância de mulheres, jovens (71,2%); solteiras (72,3%); multíparas (56%); que tiveram cesárea como via de parto anteriormente (39%); no segundo trimestre de gestação (61%); tipo de pré-natal público (86,4%); desejando a via de parto vaginal (45,8%) e laqueadura pós-parto como método contraceptivo (30,5%), participaram do grupo sem acompanhantes (79,7%) e desejam visita domiciliar pós-parto (78%). Conclusão: identificou-se a necessidade, fatores relacionados e vulnerabilidades em saúde reprodutiva com vistas a implementação de cuidados primários voltados à promoção da saúde, prevenção de agravos e detecção precoce.
Machine Learning Enables Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom Reconfigurable Terahertz Holograms with Cascaded Diffractive Optical Elements
Authors: Jia Wei , Lin Dajun , Sensale‐Rodriguez Berardi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMachine learning can empower the design of cascaded diffractive optical elements (DOEs) at terahertz frequencies enabling the realization of holograms with a tailored multi‐degree‐of‐freedom reconfigurable operation when altering either the number, spacing, rotational alignment, and/or order of the elements. This unprecedented control over the spatial terahertz light distribution can profoundly impact multiple terahertz applications such as signal multiplexing, imaging, and displays. This work demonstrates this multi‐degree‐of‐freedom control in structures fabricated through 3D printing employing low‐loss materials. The designs are validated through 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations and experimental measurements, showing that, in all cases, the desired diffraction patterns are generated.
A Multifunctional Nanoplatform for Tumor‐Targeted Imaging and Enhanced Ferroptosis Therapy
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wu Min , Tian Yanan , Gao Lu , Wang Fu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWith the advantages of ferroptosis therapy (FT) in solving the apoptotic resistance of tumors, a smart strategy based on the combination of glucose oxidase (GOx) and ferroptosis‐inducing nanoagents is proposed to boost the FT. However, most of the nanoagents remain limited in complex synthesis, poor targeting specificity, and unclarified biological mechanisms. Herein, a multifunctional nanoplatform based on fluorescent apoferritin‐gold nanoclusters combined with GOx (AFt‐AuNCs@GOx) is designed for tumor‐targeted imaging and FT. The results show that AFt‐AuNCs@GOx catalyze the generation of toxic ·OH from H2O2 supplied by GOx. Consequently, AFt‐AuNCs@GOx induce the enhanced ferroptosis effect in 4T1 cells. Additionally, the transcriptome assay of 4T1 cells identifies the differential expression genes related to ferroptosis process after AFt‐AuNCs@GOx treatment. Moreover, with the merit of intrinsic fluorescence, the biodistribution both in vitro and in vivo of AFt‐AuNCs@GOx can be effectively visualized. In vivo evidences reveal that AFt‐AuNCs@GOx have the desired efficacy of FT and excellent biosafety. Overall, the AFt‐AuNCs@GOx nanoplatform offer remarkable advantages in simple architecture, fluorescent imaging, precise targeting, and tumor inhibition. The exploration of the ferroptosis effect and biological mechanisms of AFt‐AuNCs@GOx, as well as its application in tumor therapy, can introduce a new insight into the field of ferroptotic nanomedicine.
Engineered Artificial Membraneless Organelles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae To Enhance Chemical Production
Authors: Zhou Pei , Liu Hui , Meng Xin , Zuo Huiyun , Qi Mengya , Guo Liang , Gao Cong , Song Wei , Wu Jing , Chen Xiulai , Chen Wei , Liu Liming 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrobial cell factories provide a green and sustainable opportunity to produce value‐added products from renewable feedstock. However, the leakage of toxic or volatile intermediates decreases the efficiency of microbial cell factories. In this study, membraneless organelles (MLOs) were reconstructed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by the disordered protein sequence A‐IDPs. A regulation system was designed to spatiotemporally regulate the size and rigidity of MLOs. Manipulating the MLO size of strain ZP03‐FM, the amounts of assimilated methanol and malate were increased by 162 % and 61 %, respectively. Furthermore, manipulating the MLO rigidity in strain ZP04‐RB made acetyl‐coA synthesis from oxidative glycolysis change to non‐oxidative glycolysis; consequently, CO2 release decreased by 35 % and the n‐butanol yield increased by 20 %. This artificial MLO provides a strategy for the co‐localization of enzymes to channel C1 starting materials into value‐added chemicals.
Amphibian‐like Flexible Organic Crystal Optical Fibers for Underwater/Air Micro‐Precision Lighting and Sensing
Authors: Vinod Kumar Avulu , Rohullah Mehdi , Chosenyah Melchi , Ravi Jada , Venkataramudu Uppari , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVisible light guiding optical fibers with underwater operational capability are highly desired for subaquatic communication and sensing technologies. Herein, we present mechanically flexible, blue‐violet fluorescent (4,4′‐bis(2,6‐di(1H‐pyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐4‐yl)biphenyl) (BPP) crystal waveguides with high‐aspect ratio. These milli‐meter‐long BPP crystals guide light actively and passively in ambient and underwater conditions demonstrating their amphibian‐like character. Due to the crystal's high flexibility, the optical fiber's output light direction in submerged and ambient states can be altered mechanically for high‐precision lighting and sensing applications. The development of such multi‐environment‐compatible and mechanically flexible organic optical fibers acting as sensing materials possess enormous potential for short‐range underwater photonic technologies.
Synthesis of Multifluoromethylatedγ‐Sultines by a Photoinduced Radical Addition–Polar Cyclization
Authors: Li Helian , Zhang Yongxin , Yang Xiaoxiao , Deng Zhenxi , Zhu Zhimin , Zhou Pan , Ouyang Xinke , Yuan Yuting , Chen Xi , Yang Lingyue , Liu Meng , Shu Chao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite the significance of sultines in synthesis, medicine, and materials science, the chemistry of sultines has remained unexplored due to their inaccessibility. Herein, we demonstrate the development of a photoredox‐catalyzed multifluoromethyl radical addition/SO2incorporation/polar cyclization cascade approach to multifluoromethylatedγ‐sultines. The reactions proceed by single electron transfer induced multifluoromethyl radical addition to an alkene followed by SO2incorporation, and single‐electron reduction for polar 5‐exo‐tetcyclization. Key to the success of the protocol is the use of easily oxidizable multifluoroalkanesulfinates as bifunctional reagents. The reactions proceed with excellent functional‐group tolerance to deliverγ‐sultines in moderate to excellent yields.
Strukturelle und mechanistische Studien zur Substrat‐ und Stereoselektivität der Indol‐Monooxygenase VpIndA1: Neue Wege für biokatalytische Epoxidationen und Sulfoxidationen
Authors: Kratky Julia , Eggerichs Daniel , Heine Thomas , Hofmann Sarah , Sowa Philipp , Weiße Renato H. , Tischler Dirk , Sträter Norbert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlavoprotein‐Monooxygenasen sind eine vielseitige Gruppe von Enzymen für biokatalytische Reaktionen. Die dazugehörigen Monooxygenasen der Gruppe E (GEMs) katalysieren enantioselektive Epoxidierungs‐ und Sulfoxidierungsreaktionen. In dieser Arbeit beschreiben wir die Kristallstruktur einer Indol‐Monooxygenase aus dem Bakterium Variovorax paradoxus EPS, einer GEM mit der Bezeichnung VpIndA1. Basierend auf Substratkomplexstrukturen produktiver Bindungsmodi und in Verbindung mit Kraftfeldberechnungen sowie durch schnelle Mischungskinetik zeigen wir die strukturelle Grundlage der Substrat‐ und Stereoselektivität auf. Die strukturbasierte Umgestaltung der Substrattasche führte zu Varianten mit neuer Substratselektivität (für die Sulfoxidation von Benzylphenylsulfid) oder mit stark erhöhter Stereoselektivität (von 35.1 % auf 99.8 % ee für die Herstellung von (1S,2R)‐Indenoxid). Diese erste Bestimmung des Substratbindungsmodus von GEMs in Verbindung mit der Untersuchung von Struktur‐Funktions‐Beziehungen öffnet die Tür für ein strukturbasiertes Design dieser leistungsstarken Biokatalysatoren.
A Zeolite‐Like Metal–Organic Framework Based Membrane for Reverse Selective Hydrogen Separation and Butane Isomer Sieving
Authors: Chernikova Valeriya , Shekhah Osama , Belmabkhout Youssef , Karunakaran Madhavan , Eddaoudi Mohamed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHere, the fabrication of a defect‐free membrane that is based on a zeolite‐like metal‐organic framework (ZMOF) with the underlying ana topology is reported. The unique ana‐ZMOF structure provides high degree of pore connectivity, which is reflected by the fast transport of gases. Prominently, it offers an optimum pore‐aperture size, affording notable sieving selectivity for butane/isobutane, and optimal pore energetics for reverse CO2/H2 separation. This emphasize the potential for the application of pure MOF membranes, paving the way to more sustainability of energy resources.
Development of a Non‐Directed Petasis‐Type Reaction by an Aromaticity‐Disrupting Strategy
Authors: Gonzalez Kevin J. , Rand Alexander W. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe Petasis‐type reaction, which couples an imine and boronic acid, is an important tool for C−C bond formation in organic synthesis. However, the generality of this transformation has been limited by the requirement for a directing heteroatom to enable reactivity. Herein, we report the development of a non‐directed Petasis‐type reaction that allows for the coupling of trifluoroborate salts with α‐hydroxyindoles. By disrupting aromaticity to generate a reactive iminium ion, in conjunction with using trifluoroborate nucleophiles, the method generates a new C−C bond without the need for a directing group. This reaction is operationally simple, providing α‐functionalized indoles in up to 99 % yield using sp, sp2, and sp3‐hybridized trifluoroborate nucleophiles. Finally, this reaction is applied as a novel bioconjugation strategy to link biologically active molecules and toward the convergent synthesis of non‐natural heterodimeric bisindole alkaloid analogs.
Sequence distribution determination by SWAMP‐MS a systematic way of analyzing multiple fragmented polymers with mass spectrometry
Authors: Mengerink Ynze , Philipsen Harry , Jordens Jan , Mengerink Josh , van der Hoeven Rob , Peters Ron A. H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA new method to determine the blockiness and especially the block length distribution (BLD) of copolymers is described. This Systematic Workflow to Analyze Multi‐fragmented Polymers with Mass Spectrometry (SWAMP‐MS) is developed to characterize the sequence distribution of synthetic polymers. Copolymerization of polyamide 4,6 and polyamide 4,10 is used as a model system. Supercharged polymer ions, generated by electrospray ionization, swamp the mass spectrum due to <1> different chemical related distributions (chain composition, end groups), <2> the number of repeating units, <3> the charge and adduct distribution, and <4> isotopes distribution. Without selecting specific substrate ions, MSMS will transform this total ion‐SWAMP into chemical rich information of the polymer backbone. The generated fragments contain up to 20 monomers. The reduction of blockiness is evaluated by the decreasing abundancy of specific ions originating from the starting polymers. Moreover, evaluation of all significant fragments and applying Monte Carlo simulations can rebuild the polymer backbone and generate sequence distributions of the copolymerized samples, which is currently still a holy grail in co‐chemical polymer analysis.
Effects of frankincense on experimentally induced renal stones in rats
Authors: Al‐Marhoon Mohamed S. , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Siddiqui Khurram , Ashique Mohammed , Ali Haytham , Ali Badreldin H. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesFrankincense (Luban) is a resin obtained from trees of genus Boswellia. The south of Oman hosts Boswellia sacra trees known to have many social, religious and medicinal uses. The anti‐inflammatory and therapeutic potential of Luban has recently attracted the interest of the scientific community. The aim is to study the efficacy of Luban water extract and its essential oils on experimentally induced renal stones in rats.Materials and MethodsA rat model of urolithiasis induced by trans‐4‐hydroxy‐L‐proline (HLP) was used. Wistar Kyoto rats (27 males, 27 females) were randomly distributed into nine equal groups. Treatment groups were given Uralyt‐U (standard) or Luban (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day), starting Day 15 from HLP induction for a duration of 14 days. The prevention groups were given Luban in similar doses, starting Day 1 of HLP induction for 28 days. Several plasma biochemical and histological parameters were recorded. Data were analysed with GraphPad Software. Comparisons were performed by one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Bonferroni test.ResultsThe lithogenic effects of HLP, such as an increase in urine oxalate and cystine, an increase in plasma uric acid and an increase in kidney levels of calcium and oxalate, have all been best significantly reversed by the Luban dose of 150 mg/kg/day. The histological changes of HLP on the kidney tissue including calcium oxalate crystal formation, cystic dilatation, high degree of tubular necrosis, inflammatory changes, atrophy and fibrosis have also been ameliorated by Luban dose of 150 mg/kg/day.ConclusionLuban has shown a significant improvement in the treatment and prevention of experimentally induced renal stones, particularly at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day. Further studies on the effect of Luban in other animal models and humans with urolithiasis are warranted.
Laccase–luminol chemiluminescence system: an investigation of substrate inhibition
Authors: Sánchez‐Trasviña Calef , Galindo‐Estrada José Daniel , Tinoco‐Valencia Raunel , Serrano‐Carreón Leobardo , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Willson Richard C. , Mayolo‐Deloisa Karla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChemiluminescence (CL) reactions are widely used for the detection and quantification of many types of analytes. Laccase has previously been proposed in CL reactions; however, its light emission behaviour has not been characterized. This study was conducted to characterize the laccase–luminol system, determine its kinetic parameters, and analyze the effects of protein and OHˉ concentration on the CL signal. Laccase from Coriolopsis gallica was combined with different concentrations of luminol (125 nM to 4 mM), and the enzyme kinetics were evaluated using diverse kinetic models. The laccase–luminol system was able to produce CL without an intermediate molecule, but it exhibited substrate‐inhibition behaviour. A two‐site random model was used and suggested that when the first luminol molecule was bound to the active site, laccase affinity for the second luminol molecule was increased. This inhibition effect could be avoided using a low luminol concentration. At 5 μM luminol concentration, 1 mg/ml (0.13 U) laccase is needed to achieve nearly 90% of the maximum CL signal, suggesting that the available luminol could not bind to all active sites. Furthermore, the concentration of NaOH negatively affected the CL signal. The laccase–luminol system represents an alternative to existing CL systems, with potential uses in molecular detection and quantification.
Black Titania and Niobia within Ten Minutes – Mechanochemical Reduction of Metal Oxides with Alkali Metal Hydrides
Authors: Michaely Anna , Janka Oliver , Gießelmann Elias C. J. , Haberkorn Robert , Wiedemann Haakon T. A. , Kay Christopher W. M. , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPartially or fully reduced transition metal oxides show extraordinary electronic and catalytic properties but are usually prepared by high temperature reduction reactions. This study reports the systematic investigation of the fast mechanochemical reduction of rutile‐type TiO2 and H‐Nb2O5 to their partially reduced black counterparts applying NaH and LiH as reducing agents. Milling time and oxide to reducing agent ratio show a large influence on the final amount of reduced metal ions in the materials. For both oxides LiH shows a higher reducing potential than NaH. An intercalation of Li+ into the structure of the oxides was proven by PXRD and subsequent Rietveld refinements as well as 6Li solid‐state NMR spectroscopy. The products showed a decreased band gap and the presence of unpaired electrons as observed by EPR spectroscopy, proving the successful reduction of Ti4+ and Nb5+. Furthermore, the developed material exhibits a significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance towards the degradation of methylene blue compared to the pristine oxides. The presented method is a general, time efficient and simple method to obtain reduced transition metal oxides.
Stable hemiaminals from axially chiral pyridine compounds
Authors: Tuncel Senel Teke , Demir Ilke , Erdem Safiye Sağ , Dogan Ilknur 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we have synthesized a series of 3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐2‐(pyridin‐2‐ylimino)thiazolidin‐4‐ol derivatives regioselectively from 2‐iminothiazolidin‐4‐ones using LiAlH4 at room temperature. Due to the presence of the restricted rotation around the N3‐Caryl single bond, the formation of M/P isomers was observed. The OH group of the hemiaminal was found to orient itself on the same side with pyridyl nitrogen during this restricted rotation to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, which was demonstrated by the computational DFT study. This orientation presumably inhibited the occurrence of dehydration and stabilized the molecule.
Multi‐agent reinforcement learning for process control: Exploring the intersection between fields of reinforcement learning, control theory, and game theory
Authors: Yifei Yue , Lakshminarayanan Samavedham 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe application of reinforcement learning (RL) in process control has garnered increasing research attention. However, much of the current literature is focused on training and deploying a single RL agent. The application of multi‐agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has not been fully explored in process control. This work aims to: (i) develop a unique RL agent configuration that is suitable in a MARL control system for multiloop control, (ii) demonstrate the efficacy of MARL systems in controlling multiloop process that even exhibit strong interactions, and (iii) conduct a comparative study of the performance of MARL systems trained with different game‐theoretic strategies. First, we propose a design of an RL agent configuration that combines the functionalities of a feedback controller and a decoupler in a control loop. Thereafter, we deploy two such agents to form a MARL system that learns how to control a two‐input, two‐output system that exhibits strong interactions. After training, the MARL system shows effective control performance on the process. With further simulations, we examine how the MARL control system performs with increasing levels of process interaction and when trained with reward function configurations based on different game‐theoretic strategies (i.e., pure cooperation and mixed strategies). The results show that the performance of the MARL system is weakly dependent on the reward function configuration for systems with weak to moderate loop interactions. The MARL system with mixed strategies appears to perform marginally better than MARL under pure cooperation in systems with very strong loop interactions.
Effect of Chlorine Salts on TiC Coating Morphology and Bonding Strength of Diamond Surface in Molten Salt Reaction
Authors: Meng Jin , Huang Jie , Xu Xuelu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo obtain a high‐quality TiC coating on the diamond (D) surface and improve the interfacial properties of metal matrix composites, the optimized molten salt method is used to prepare TiC coatings on the D surface. The effects of NaCl, KCl, and NaCl–KCl molten salts on the uniformity, surface morphology, composition, and bonding ability of TiC coatings are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), X‐ray diffraction, and cold–hot cycling experiments. The results show that the boiling and pickling processes after the molten salt reaction can effectively remove the residual chloride salts and Ti powders to obtain clean TiC‐coated D. The TiC particles of the coating surfaces prepared by NaCl and KCl molten salts are finer and more uniform, which is due to their higher melting points and shorter real reaction time compared with NaCl–KCl mixed salts. The TiC coating prepared by KCl has the best bonding ability and can withstand 50 times as many cold–hot cycles due to its uniform fine deposition particles and appropriate thickness. And, during cold–hot cycles, it can be found that the TiC coating cracking and shedding occur primarily at the edges and corners of the D with internal thermal stress concentration.
Liquid‐based cytology for differentiating two cases of pemphigus vulgaris from oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Maruyama Satoshi , Yamazaki Manabu , Abé Tatsuya , Kato Yusuke , Kano Hiroyuki , Sumita Yoshimasa , Tomihara Kei , Tanuma Jun‐ichi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare autoimmune disease characterized by blisters on the skin and mucous membrane. Since it often appears in the oral mucosa first, it may be diagnosed by oral mucosal cytology. Although the cytologic finding is characterized by acantholytic cells, that is, Tzanck cells, it is important to distinguish PV from neoplastic lesions of the oral mucosal epithelium, including differentiation from atypical parabasal/basal cells, which appear in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In this study, we examined the cellular findings in two cases of PV and a case of well‐differentiated SCC with loss of epithelial cell cohesion. The samples were prepared using liquid‐based cytology, which showed small round‐shaped and deeply stained atypical, orangeophilic keratinocytes not only in SCC but also in PV, which made differentiation between the two difficult. However, Tzanck cells found in PV differ from the deep atypical parabasal/basal cells of SCC, suggesting that the cell outline is indistinct and small protrusions and brush‐like structures are observed. This feature of Tzanck cells may be useful in cytological judgment.