bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid Solvation Assisted Electrical Doping Conserves High‐Performance in 500 nm Active Layer Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Xue Wenyue , Liang Zezhou , Tang Yabing , Zhao Chao , Yan Lihe , Ma Wei , Yan Han 
Published: June 2023

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) process fascinating solution‐printing capability to achieve low‐cost and large‐scale manufacture. However, the rapid power conversion efficiency (PCE) decay with active layer thickness enlargement inhibits the implement of OSCs’ potential advantages. To overcome the bottlenecks of PCE decay in thick active layer OSCs, the electrical doping with componential selectivity in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is achieved by introducing a solid solvation additive. Benefiting from the higher exciton splitting efficiency together with the longer drift (Ldr) and diffusion (Ldiff) lengths, an OSC with 100 nm BHJ film demonstrates a PCE increment from 16.44% to 18.24% with prolonged dark and illuminated storage stabilities. Applying the solid solvation assisted (SSA) doping method in the OSCs with 500 nm active layer, the PCE significantly increases by 31.9%, from the original value of 11.79% to 15.55%. It further improves to 15.84% in a ternary blend thick‐film device, which is the record value to the best of our knowledge. Besides, the SSA doping narrows the PCE gap between the 0.04 and 1 cm2 devices. All improvements demonstrate the great potential of SSA doping for OSC commercial manufacture, since it optimizes the photovoltaic performance under all practical conditions of long‐term, thick‐film, and large‐area.
Topotactic Transition: A Promising Opportunity for Creating New Oxides
Authors: Meng Ziang , Yan Han , Qin Peixin , Zhou Xiaorong , Wang Xiaoning , Chen Hongyu , Liu Li , Liu Zhiqi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTopotactic transition is a structural phase change in a matrix crystal lattice mediated by the ordered loss/gain and rearrangement of atoms, leading to unusual coordination environments and metal atoms with rare valent states. As early as in 1990s, low temperature hydride reduction is utilized to realize the topotactic transition. Since then, topological transformations are developed via multiple approaches. Especially, the recent discovery of the Ni‐based superconductivity in infinite‐layer nickelates has greatly boosted the topotactic transition mean to synthesizing new oxides for exploring exotic functional properties. In this review, a detailed and generalized introduction is provided to oxygen‐related topotactic transition. The main body of the review includes four parts: the structure‐facilitated effects, the mechanism of the topotactic transition, some examples of topotactic transition methods adopted in different metal oxides (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) and the related applications. This study is to provide timely and thorough strategies to successfully realize topotactic transitions for researchers who are eager to create new oxide phases or new oxide materials with desired functions.
Neuron‐Inspired Sticky Artificial Spider Silk for Signal Transmission
Authors: Zhao Weiqiang , Shao Fei , Sun Fuqin , Su Zihao , Liu Shiyong , Zhang Ting , Zhu Meifang , Liu Zunfeng , Zhou Xiang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeurons exhibit excellent signal transmission capacity, which inspire artificial neuron materials for applications in the field of wearable electronics and soft robotics. In addition, the neuron fibers exhibit good mechanical robustness by sticking to the organs, which currently has rarely been studied. Here, a sticky artificial spider silk is developed by employing a proton donor‐acceptor (PrDA) hydrogel fiber for application as artificial neuron fibers. Tuning the molecular electrostatic interactions by modulating the sequences of proton donors and acceptors, enables combination of excellent mechanical properties, stickiness, and ion conductivity. In addition, the PrDA hydrogel exhibits high spinning capacity for a wide range of donor‐acceptor combinations. The PrDA artificial spider silk would shed light on the design of new generation of artificial neuron materials, bio‐electrodes, and artificial synapses.
Electrocatalysts for Zinc–Air Batteries Featuring Single Molybdenum Atoms in a Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Framework
Authors: Balamurugan Jayaraman , Austeria P. Muthu , Kim Jun Beom , Jeong Eun‐Suk , Huang Hsin‐Hui , Kim Do Hwan , Koratkar Nikhil , Kim Sang Ouk 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBifunctional catalysts can facilitate two different electrochemical reactions with conflicting characteristics. Here, a highly reversible bifunctional electrocatalyst for rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) is reported featuring a “core–shell structure” in which N‐doped graphene sheets wrap around vanadium molybdenum oxynitride nanoparticles. Single Mo atoms are released from the particle core during synthesis and anchored to electronegative N‐dopant species in the graphitic shell. The resultant Mo single‐atom catalysts excel as active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) sites in pyrrolic‐N and as active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) sites in pyridinic‐N environments. ZABs with such bifunctional and multicomponent single‐atom catalysts deliver high power density (≈376.4 mW cm−2) and long cycle life of over 630 h, outperforming noble‐metal‐based benchmarks. Flexible ZABs that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures (−20 to 80 °C) under severe mechanical deformation are also demonstrated
Recent Progress in Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO2 to Valuable C2 Products
Authors: Yan Zhiqing , Liu Wenhao , Liu Xianglin , Shen Zichen , Li Xin , Cao Dong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractConverting CO2 into high value‐added chemicals by renewable energy directly alleviates the problem of resource shortages, while also reduces the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere. Among various CO2 reduction methods, CO2 electroreduction has attracted much attention because of its moderate operating conditions and a green and easy‐to‐scale strategy. In this work, the four catalyst enhancement mechanisms: synergistic effect, strain effect, ligand effect, and defect effect are briefly described. Then, the catalytic mechanisms of the C2 products are fully expounded, depending on the number of transferred electrons during the CO2 reduction process. In addition, the membrane electrode is also introduced from the three aspects of ion exchange membrane, catalyst layer, and gas diffusion layer. Finally, the developing direction of CO2 reduction reaction is proposed. This work provides an essential guide for design and preparation of CO2 electroreduction catalysts and fully summarized the intrinsic catalysis mechanism, which is beneficial to the development of CO2 conversion in the future.
Aryl‐Diazonium Salts Offer a Rapid and Cost‐Efficient Method to Functionalize Plastic Microfluidic Devices for Increased Immunoaffinity Capture
Authors: Rabe Daniel C. , Ho Uyen K. , Choudhury Adarsh , Wallace Jessica C. , Luciani Evelyn G. , Lee Dasol , Flynn Elizabeth A. , Stott Shannon L. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicrofluidic devices have been used for decades to isolate cells, viruses, and proteins using on‐chip immunoaffinity capture using biotinylated antibodies, proteins, or aptamers. To accomplish this, the inner surface is modified to present binding moieties for the desired analyte. While this approach is successful in research settings, it is challenging to scale many surface modification strategies. Traditional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) devices can be effectively functionalized using silane‐based methods; however, it requires high labor hours, equipment, and hazardous chemicals. Manufacture of microfluidic devices using plastics, including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), allows chips to be mass produced, but most functionalization methods used with PDMS are not compatible with plastic. Herein, this work demonstrates how to deposit biotin onto the surface of a plastic microfluidic chips using aryl‐diazonium. This method chemically bonds biotin to the surface, allowing for the addition of streptavidin nanoparticles to the surface. Nanoparticles increase the surface area of the chip and allow for proper capture moiety orientation. This process is faster, can be performed outside of a fume hood, is very cost‐effective using readily available laboratory equipment, and demonstrates higher rates of capture. Additionally, this method allows for more rapid and scalable production of devices, including for diagnostic testing.
Highly Air Stable Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics using a Bismuth Capped Copper Top Electrode
Authors: Wijesekara Anjana , Han Yisong , Walker David , Huband Steven , Hatton Ross 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn effective approach is reported to enhance the stability of inverted organo‐tin halide perovskite photovoltaics based on capping the cathode with a thin layer of bismuth. Using this simple approach, unencapsulated devices retain up to 70% of their peak power conversion efficiency after up to 100 h testing under continuous one sun solar illumination in ambient air and under electrical load, which is exceptional stability for an unencapsulated organo‐tin halide perovskite photovoltaic device tested in ambient air. The bismuth capping layer is shown to have two functions: First, it blocks corrosion of the metal cathode by iodine gas formed when those parts of the perovskite layer not protected by the cathode degrade. Second, it sequesters iodine gas by seeding its deposition on top of the bismuth capping layer, thereby keeping it away from the electro‐active parts of the device. The high affinity of iodine for bismuth is shown to correlate with the high polarizability of bismuth and the prevalence of the (012) crystal face at its surface. Bismuth is ideal for this purpose, because it is environmentally benign, non‐toxic, stable, cheap, and can be deposited by simple thermal evaporation at low temperature immediately after deposition of the cathode.
Fast Electrically Switchable Large Gap Quantum Spin Hall States in MGe2Z4
Authors: Islam Rajibul , Hussain Ghulam , Verma Rahul , Talezadehlari Mohammad Sadegh , Muhammad Zahir , Singh Bahadur , Autieri Carmine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpin‐polarized conducting edge currents counterpropagate in quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulators and are protected against disorder‐driven localizations by the time‐reversal symmetry. Using these spin‐currents for device applications requires materials with a large bandgap and fast switchable QSH states. By means of in‐depth first‐principles calculations, this study demonstrates the large bandgap and fast switchable QSH state in a newly introduced 2D material family with 1T′‐MGe2Z4 (M = Mo or W and Z = P or As). These Ge‐based compounds show superior properties with respect to other members of the same family. For the WGe2As4 monolayer it can stabilize the 1T′‐phase, while for the other members of the family, this study needs an appropriate strain. The dynamically stable 1T′‐MGe2Z4 monolayers have a large energy gap up to 237 meV for WGe2As4. These materials undergo a phase transition from a QSH insulator to a trivial insulator with a Rashba‐like spin splitting under the influence of an out‐of‐plane electric field, demonstrating a fast tunability of the bandgap and its band topology for the Ge‐based compounds. Fast topological phase switching in a large gap 1T′‐MGe2Z4 QSH insulators have potential applications in low‐power devices, quantum computation, and quantum communication.
Alternatingly Stacked Low‐ and High‐Resistance PtSe2/PtSe2 Homostructures Boost Thermoelectric Power Factors
Authors: Lee Won‐Yong , Kang Min‐Sung , Choi Jae Won , Kim Si‐Hoo , Park No‐Won , Kim Gil‐Sung , Kim Yun‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Kwon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials are promising candidates with excellent thermoelectric (TE) properties owing to their low dimensionality in electronic and phonon transport. However, the considerable coupling of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity in such TE materials eventually results in the limit of the TE power factor increase, which severely hinders potential TE device applications. Herein, an alternative approach is demonstrated for breaking the strong coupling between the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity in single TE materials by adopting a novel stacked PtSe2/PtSe2 homostructure. By alternately piling low‐resistance (LR) PtSe2 (3 nm) onto high‐resistance (HR) PtSe2 (2 nm) as one unit, the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of such stacked homostructures can be greatly enhanced with slightly improved electrical conductivity, ultimately resulting in a TE power factor in three‐unit‐stacked homostructures that is ≈1,648% higher than that of a single PtSe2 (15 nm) layer with the same thickness. This enhancement is attributed to an independent increase in the Seebeck coefficient, which depends on the interface among the LR and HR PtSe2 layers. The findings pave the way for a method that, unlike power factor optimization in conventional thermoelectric materials, can only utilize the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of each layer in a stacked homostructure.
Lessons learned from local vacant land management organizations for engaging youth in greening
Authors: Rauk Leigh , Rupp Laney , Hohl Bernadette C. , Kondo Michelle C. , Ornelas Lexie , Carter Patrick M. , Zimmerman Marc A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractYouth living in areas with high concentrations of vacant properties may be at particular risk for poor health outcomes given the associations between deteriorated vacant properties, poor mental health, and community violence. Vacant lot greening has emerged as a key strategy to mitigate the harms of deteriorated properties. Youth engagement in greening has documented benefits for youth, yet few organizations responsible for managing vacant properties currently engage youth. Further, few researchers have examined the best practices that organizations can employ to effectively engage youth in greening programs. The purpose of this study was to understand how high functioning vacant land management organizations with robust youth engagement capabilities engage youth in their greening work. Based on in‐depth interviews with staff from vacant land management organizations, we explored three research questions: (1) what are their identified best practices for youth engagement?; (2) what are the major challenges that impede their youth engagement work?; (3) what solutions are these organizations employing to address these challenges? Findings from this study emphasize the important themes of engaging youth in vacant lot greening in areas of planning, leadership, and decision‐making. Youth engagement in vacant lot greening may be a key mechanism for preventing violence through cultivating youth empowerment and development.
Ancient mitochondrial genome diversity in South America: Contributions from Quebrada del Toro, Northwestern Argentina
Authors: Russo María Gabriela , Arencibia Valeria , Emery Matthew , Bettera Marcat Gianina , Seldes Verónica , Mercolli Pablo , Soria Silvia , Maldonado Lucas , Kamenetzky Laura , Avena Sergio , Dejean Cristina , Stone Anne C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to enhance our understanding of the population history in South America, specifically Northwestern Argentina, by analyzing complete ancient mitogenomes of individuals from the Ojo de Agua archeological site (970 BP) in Quebrada del Toro (Salta, Argentina).Materials and MethodsWe analyzed teeth from four individuals from the site Ojo de Agua (970 ± 60 BP), located in Quebrada del Toro (Andean region of Northwestern Argentina). DNA extracts were converted to double‐stranded DNA libraries and indexed using unique dual‐indexing primer combinations. DNA libraries were then enriched for the complete mitochondrial genome, pooled at equimolar concentrations, and sequenced on an Illumina® MiSeq™ platform. Reads from high quality libraries were trimmed, merged, and then mapped to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence. The aDNA damage patterns were assessed and contamination estimated. Finally, variants were called, filtered, and the consensus mitogenome was constructed and used for haplogroup assignment. We also compiled available mitogenome sequences from ancient and present‐day populations from the Southcentral Andes and other surrounding regions in Argentina. Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions were obtained using the generated dataset.ResultsWe successfully obtained the complete mitogenome sequence from one individual with an average depth coverage of 102X. We discovered a novel haplotype that was assigned to haplogroup D1. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggests that this haplotype falls within the sister branches of the D1j lineage, forming a well‐supported clade. The estimate TMRCA of this clade that includes D1j and its sister branches ranged between 12,535 and 18,669 ya.DiscussionThe sequence analyzed in this study represents the first ancient mitogenome from within the valley region in Northwestern Argentina. We found that a representative of a lineage highly associated with D1j was already present approximately 1000 BP in the region. Our results agree with the proposed origin of D1j in other regions north of Patagonia and independent of the Pacific coast fast migratory route, contrary to what was originally hypothesized. This study highlights the lack of information regarding pre‐Hispanic genetic diversity and contributes to the knowledge about the peopling process in South America.
The cognitive deficit induced by Al nanoparticle ingestion is associated with hippocampal inflammation in mice
Authors: Izadi Sadegh , Abdolrezaei Maryam , Moosavi Maryam 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough, both environmental and genetic factors are known as the predispositions to AD development, each of these factors are suggested to acts via increasing the Al content of brain tissue. Al nanoparticles are newer nanomaterials that have been significantly exposed to the human body. When Al reaches the nanosize, it may display different characteristics from natural Al, and its potential influence on body function is an interesting aspect of research as these particles might have more negative impact on human health. Activation of microglia and expression of the inflammatory cytokine IL‐1 (interleukin‐1) in the brain have been used as hallmarks of brain inflammation. Our recent findings suggest that administration of nano‐Al for a short period of 5 days can cause memory impairment. Given the importance of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s pathology, the question was whether 5‐day nano‐Al intake could lead to inflammatory changes in the hippocampus.MethodAdult male NMRI mice were treated with nano‐Al in doses 5 and 10 mg/kg/oral gavage for 5 days. The test session of novel object recognition (NOR) task was performed on day 5. Following the NOR test, the hippocampi were isolated. Considering the key roles of microglia activation and IL‐1β in neuroinflammation, the levels of hippocampal iba‐1 (as the speciefic marker of microglial activation) and IL‐1β were determined using western blot studies.ResultThe results showed that nano‐Al oral gavage in doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg impairs NOR memory in mice. Moreover, the memory impairing effect of nano‐Al coincided with a dose dependent increase in hippocampal iba‐1. It also increased the content of IL‐1 in the hippocampus.ConclusionThis study showed that nano‐Al in doses as low as 5 and 10 mg/ kg ingested for 5 days impairs memory and induces neuroinflammation in the hippocampus.
A novel approach to quantifying longitudinal white matter hyperintensity morphometrics with Alzheimer disease progression
Authors: Strain Jeremy F. , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Adeyemo Babatunde , Womack Kyle B. , McCarthy John E , Chen Yasheng , Morris John C , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Lee Jin‐Moo , Ances Beau M. ,   Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe role of cerebrovascular damage in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) has resulted in inconsistent findings particularly when analyzing longitudinal data. We introduce WMH shape analysis (WSA) that quantifies white matter hyperintensity (WMH) expansion as the distance from lesion voxels to a region of interest boundary. We sought to examine the extent and spatial topography of WMH expansion with progression to AD.MethodFluid‐Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images were extracted across two timepoints from ADNI. 275 longitudinal participants were classified into groups based on amyloid and cognitive status: 99 controls (CN), 42 amyloid positive cognitively stable preclinical (PC) AD, and 134 amyloid positive cognitively impaired AD individuals. WSA was performed on 5 WMH clusters (juxtacortical, anterior corona radiata, periventricular, parietal, and occipital/posterior horn). The intensity value for each cluster ROI boundary voxels reflects the Euclidean Distance from a voxel to the closest WMH voxel. The difference in distances (DD) for each timepoint provides a metric of WMH expansion. A voxel‐wise omnibus ANOVA was performed across all three groups followed by subsequent T‐tests. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between the changes in DD maps with PET amyloid summary values, hypertension, and APOE e4 status.ResultWMH expansion was found to be significant across three groups (Fig. 1) and was primarily within two WMH clusters (p<0.05 corrected). T‐tests revealed that the AD group had significantly greater expansion in the juxtacortical cluster compared to CN but not the PC group (p<0.05 corrected). However, for the posterior horn that difference was driven by the PC with greater WMH expansion compared to either the AD or CN group (p<0.05 corrected). A significant association was observed with amyloid in the juxtacortical cluster but not with hypertension. A strong trend (p = 0.06 corrected) was observed for APOE e4 status in the juxtacortical cluster associating with more copies of the e4 allele.ConclusionThis new approach to quantifying and analyzing WMH longitudinal expansion revealed different patterns of expansion with increased AD severity. These results implicate that WMH growth associated with AD progression is spatially specific and grows in distinct ways throughout the disease process.