bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytosolic and mitochondrial ribosomal proteins mediate the locust phase transition via divergence of translational profiles
Authors: Li Jing , Wei Liya , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Haikang , Yang Pengcheng , Zhao Zhangwu , Kang Le 
Published: January 2023

The phase transition from solitary to gregarious locusts is crucial in outbreaks of locust plague, which threaten agricultural yield and food security. Research on the regulatory mechanisms of phase transition in locusts has focused primarily on the transcriptional or posttranslational level. However, the translational regulation of phase transition is unexplored. Here, we show a phase-dependent pattern at the translation level, which exhibits different polysome profiles between gregarious and solitary locusts. The gregarious locusts exhibit significant increases in 60S and polyribosomes, while solitary locusts possess higher peaks of the monoribosome and a specific “halfmer.” The polysome profiles, a molecular phenotype, respond to changes in population density. In gregarious locusts, ten genes involved in the cytosolic ribosome pathway exhibited increased translational efficiency (TE). In solitary locusts, five genes from the mitochondrial ribosome pathway displayed increased TE. The high expression of large ribosomal protein 7 at the translational level promotes accumulation of the free 60S ribosomal subunit in gregarious locusts, while solitary locusts employ mitochondrial small ribosomal protein 18c to induce the assembly of mitochondrial ribosomes, causing divergence of the translational profiles and behavioral transition. This study reveals the translational regulatory mechanism of locust phase transition, in which the locusts employ divergent ribosome pathways to cope with changes in population density.
On learner characteristics and why we should model them as latent variables
Authors: Larsson Tove , Plonsky Luke , Hancock Gregory R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Learner corpus research has a strong tradition of collecting metadata. However, while we tend to collect rich descriptive information about learners on directly measurable variables such as age, year of study, and time spent abroad, we frequently do not know much about learner characteristics that cannot be measured directly (and that thus need to be measured through questionnaires and tests) such as language aptitude, working memory, and motivation, which have been identified as important variables in neighboring fields such as Second Language Acquisition. In this position piece, we (i) join the proponents of increased focus on learner characteristics in LCR in arguing in favor of collecting information about such variables and (ii) introduce an analytical framework that can be used to model these variables. Specifically, the primary focus of this paper is to discuss the concept of latent variables as it relates to LCR and show how their standard form can be used to model learner characteristics within the structural equation modeling analytical framework.
Final report on the CCM key comparison of kilogram realizations CCM.M-K8.2021
Authors: Stock M , Conceição P , Fang H , Bielsa F , Kiss A , Nielsen L , Beaudoux F , Espel P , Thomas M , Ziane D , Baumann H , Eichenberger A , Marti K , Bai Y , Hu M , Li Z , Lu Y , Peng C , Wang J , Wang Y , Wu D , Abbott P , Haddad D , Kubarych Z , Mulhern E , Schlamminger S , Newell D , Fujita K , Inaba H , Kano K , Kuramoto N , Mizushima S , Okubo S , Ota Y , Zhang L , Davidson S , Green R G , Liard J O , Murnaghan N F , Wood B M , Borys M , Eppers D , Knopf D , Kuhn E , Hämpke M , Müller M , Nicolaus A , Scholz F , Spoors M , Ahmedov H 
Published: January 2023

Main text
This report describes the second CCM key comparison of realizations of the kilogram definition based on the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant, which came into force on 20 May 2019. The objectives were to determine the level of agreement between realizations of the kilogram using Kibble and joule balances and the x-ray crystal density (XRCD) method and to provide input for the calculation of the second "consensus value" of the kilogram. The consensus value serves as the basis for an internationally coordinated dissemination of the kilogram and is updated after each new key comparison. Its use will continue until satisfactory agreement between realization experiments has been achieved. Another objective was the determination of the reproducibility of the realization experiments by comparing the new results with those of the first key comparison of kilogram realizations, CCM.M-K8.2019.
The comparison was organized by the BIPM and had nine participants. The BIPM, LNE, METAS, NIST, NRC and UME operated Kibble balances, the NIM used a joule balance and the NMIJ and the PTB participated using 28Si spheres, the masses of which were determined with the XRCD method. These realization methods were used to calibrate 1 kg mass standards under vacuum or in air. The standards were sent to the BIPM where they were compared with each other and with BIPM Pt-Ir working standards. The latter were calibrated traceable to the International Prototype of the Kilogram (IPK), the mass of which served as the definition of the kilogram until 20 May 2019.
The results of the weighings at the BIPM together with the measurement results communicated by the participants allowed comparison of the values attributed to 1 kg mass standards using the realization experiments of the participants. The level of agreement between mass determinations with the realization experiments and the BIPM as-maintained mass unit, traceable to the Planck constant through the mass of the International Prototype of the Kilogram, could also be deduced.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Solar power from schools and homes
Authors: Thompson Frank 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Solar installations are becoming commonplace in the UK as our nation forges a path towards Zero Carbon. A brief description is given of installations at two schools in Irlam, Manchester, UK, and a more detailed discussion is given of a domestic photovoltaic array on the author’s home. This domestic array, specified with a peak capacity of 4 kW, was purchased in 2011 and erected on a south—facing roof in the suburbs of Manchester, UK. The Irlam installations were more recent (2017). In bright sunlight the domestic array has consistently generated an output of 3.6 kW peak and this power is exported to the National Grid. The Irlam arrays have maintained 28.6 kW and 29.6 kW, peak, over the past five years. Similar installations exist in many schools and homes around the country so providing a significant carbon saving to the nation.
50 Studies Every Vascular Surgeon Should Know
Authors: Al Shakarchi Julien 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
50 Studies Every Vascular Surgeon Should Know presents key studies that have shaped the practice of Vascular Surgery. Selected using a rigorous methodology, the studies cover topics including secondary prevention in peripheral artery disease, carotid artery disease, thoracic outlet syndrome, thoracic and abdominal aortic disease, renal and mesenteric artery disease, vascular access, peripheral artery disease, trauma and venous disease. For each study, a concise summary is presented with an emphasis on the results and limitations of the study, and its implications for practice. An illustrative clinical case concludes each review, followed by brief information on other relevant studies. This book is a must-read for healthcare professionals in vascular surgery, as well as anyone who wants to learn more about the data behind clinical practice.
Gaudium et Spes
Authors: Sander Hans-Joachim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter outlines the shift which took place during the Second Vatican Council regarding the relationship between the Catholic Church and the world. Prior to the council, the predominant stance of the Church was that of a binary of Church–world relationship in which the Church stood in opposition to secular states and was reluctant to engage with the world due to an attitude of ecclesial superiority. In the years leading up to Vatican II, this attitude was seen as untenable, leading the council to propose a new triadic model of Church–world–people in which the Church’s pastoral role was given greater emphasis. This triad culminated in a second constitution on the Church, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes).
Vatican II’s Theology of Revelation
Authors: O'Collins Gerald 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The centrepiece of Vatican II’s teaching on revelation, the Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation (Dei Verbum), presents revelation as primarily the self-communication of God (which calls forth the personal response of faith) and secondarily the disclosure of hitherto unknown divine truths (or propositional revelation). It understands revelation to be inseparably salvific and sacramental (coming through words and deeds). God’s revelation reached an unsurpassable climax in the past (with Jesus Christ). It happens today: among the present means of revelation, Vatican II names the liturgy, the Scriptures, tradition, missionary activity, the saints, and the signs of the times. Revelation will reach its definitive communication with the Second Coming of Christ. Other documents of Vatican II fill out significant aspects of revelation: its mediation through the prophetic role of all the baptized; its correlation with the human condition and its disclosure of human nature and destiny; and its reaching, through the Holy Spirit and the universal presence of the risen Christ, all human beings.
Church Governance and Forms of Christian Vocation
Authors: Schmiedl Joachim 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Second Vatican Council approved three decrees dealing with the Church’s leadership. Among them was a Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity, an issue never before treated by a council. The doctrine of the Church was the subject of the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium. The practical implications of its doctrine are developed in the related decrees on the Pastoral Office of Bishops, the Ministry and Life of Priests, the Renewal of Religious Life, and the Apostolate of the Laity. Central themes in these documents include the bishop’s role in relation to papal primacy and in the leadership of a diocese, relations with his collaborators, and the urgent question of co-responsibility and co-determination, exemplified by lay associations, priests’ organizations, bishops’ conferences, and synods.
Religious Liberty at Vatican II
Authors: Scatena Silvia 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the complex gestation of Dignitatis Humanae and the crucial conciliar debates on the right to religious freedom, a new and controversial topic whose inclusion in the agenda of Vatican II was suggested by the World Council of Churches. This chapter traces the phases of debate from the preparatory work of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity to the final promulgation of the document in the last public session of 7 December 1965. The debates over Dignitatis Humanae were marked by the difficulty of finding a compromise between ecumenical considerations and Church–State relations, civil liberties, and intersubjective rights. Dignitatis Humanae marked a decisive paradigm shift: with the acceptance of religious freedom, the Catholic Church brought into focus the principle that all religions have the same right to public expression in a democracy. The chapter concludes with a brief look at the profound differences in the cultural, theological, and socio-political backgrounds of the council fathers, which factored heavily in the conciliar debates on Dignitatis Humanae as well as in its reception.
Vatican II’s Missiology
Authors: Bevans Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
After laying out the missiology that pervades Vatican Council II, this chapter traces the developments in that missiology’s reception in the years since, employing Robert J. Schreiter’s scheme of a move from a time of certainty of missionary thinking and practice, to one of ferment, crisis, and rebirth and renewal. It then outlines the shape of an ecclesiology that would take Vatican II’s ‘missiological hermeneutic’ seriously in terms of a renewed doctrine of the Trinity, a Church that would understand itself as a ‘community of missionary disciples’, a structure that would serve mission, and a commitment to inculturation, dialogue, social justice, and identification with the world’s poor. Vatican II’s underlying theology of mission provides a strong foundation for the contemporary call for a thoroughly missionary Church.
Ecumenism
Authors: Clifford Catherine E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The restoration of unity among Christians is ‘a principal concern’ of Vatican II, closely linked to the council’s reforming purpose, as it relates to the very nature and mission of Christ’s Church. This chapter explores how an overarching ecumenical concern shapes the conciliar event and contributes to an ecclesiology of communion. The council marks a turn towards the humble awareness of the need for Catholic renewal and a more generous recognition of other Christian communions. Building on the recognition of the real, if imperfect, communion that unites the Catholic Church with other Christian communions, the Decree on Ecumenism, Unitatis Redintegratio, establishes the principles that guide the practice of dialogue, common prayer, and common witness.
Interreligious Dialogue at Vatican II
Authors: Borelli John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter considers the origin and development of the Second Vatican Council’s Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions (Nostra Aetate), with particular attention given to its understanding of the theological bases for interreligious dialogue and the important contribution of dialogue and collaboration to the causes of peace, social justice, and the rightful ordering of the human community. Starting from a consideration of the question of the Jews by a subcommission of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity, it seeks to show how the declaration builds upon the principles developed in the context of ecumenical (interchurch) dialogue and then influences the council’s reframing of the mission of the Church in the world in other conciliar and post-conciliar texts, including the Decree on the Mission Activity of the Church (Ad Gentes), the Declaration on Religious Freedom (Dignitate Humanae), and the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes).
The Reception of the Second Vatican Council by Traditionalist Catholics
Authors: Roy-Lysencourt Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The reception of the Second Vatican Council by traditionalist Catholics is a complex phenomenon. First, the traditionalist world is a universe unto itself, consisting of networks of many individuals and movements. Added to this is the passage of time and varying situations, which has led to an ever-changing interpretation of the council by traditionalists. This chapter will examine the reception of Vatican II by traditionalists over three different eras. The first runs from 8 December 1965 to 30 November 1969; that is, from the closing of the council to the entry into force of the prescriptions of the Apostolic Constitution Missale Romanum (3 April 1969). From this date, the reception of Vatican II by opponents of the council entered a new, second phase. That continued until the year 2000, when the Society of St Pius X organized a pilgrimage to Rome, which gave rise to doctrinal discussions between the society and the Holy See. These discussions opened a new period in the reception of Vatican II by traditionalists, which continues to the present day.
The Papacy and Vatican II
Authors: Riccardi Andrea 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The papacy and the Second Vatican Council are closely connected: first, because the initiative for the convocation of the council came from the pope himself, John XXIII, and second, because both John XXIII and Paul VI guided the development of the council to its conclusion. The close connection of Vatican II with the papacy did not end with the close of the council. It continued in a very intense way with the reception of the message of Vatican II in the pontificates of Paul VI and John Paul II and has continued in the pontificates of Benedict XVI and Francis. The council profoundly changed the very modalities of the exercise of the papacy and required a reform of the structures of its government, especially those of the Roman Curia in relation to the local churches throughout the world.
Women and the Council
Authors: Heyder Regina 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
At the start of the Second Vatican Council, women were mere onlookers, yet by the third and fourth sessions of the council in 1964 and 1965, twenty-three female auditors were attending the general congregations. This chapter traces these developments along with how women contributed significantly to the formulation of various texts and how they shaped the work of the council through networking. In addition to being auditors, women were involved in the council’s work as experts, journalists, unofficial collaborators or advisers, and hosts. This chapter also examines the role played by the Women’s Ecumenical Meeting of 22–29 October 1965 and its importance in formulating a modern understanding of the role of women in the Church.
Nostra Aetate
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines the implementation of the Declaration Nostra Aetate, in particular through the work of the Secretariat for Non-Christians/Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue (PCID), now the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue. Special attention is given to the documents produced by this dicastery: Dialogue and Mission (1984), Dialogue and Proclamation (1991), and Dialogue in Truth and Charity (2014). Mention is also made of an unpublished document on the spirituality of dialogue. The role of members of religious congregations is highlighted. The ecumenical dimension of the implementation of Nostra Aetate is evoked by recalling the cooperation of the PCID with the corresponding office in the World Council of Churches.
The Reception of Vatican II by Lutheran Churches
Authors: Rusch William G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes how Lutheran churches globally responded to the Second Vatican Council. Understandably, Lutheran churches have in a formal action neither received nor rejected this council. Yet there is ample evidence of an ‘informal Lutheran reception’ of the Second Vatican Council in a number of settings. This acceptance can be noted in, first, the Lutheran acceptance of the Catholic invitation to have observers present at the council; second, the establishment of the Institute for Ecumenical Research in Strasbourg, France; and third, the Lutheran–Roman Catholic agreement to conduct an ongoing international dialogue. Both the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification of 1999 and the document From Conflict to Communion of 2017 can be traced to the work of this dialogue. The process of Lutheran reception of the council is not something static but ongoing, with the expectation of continuing positive results in the future.
Catholic–Jewish Relations in Light of Vatican II’s Nostra Aetate
Authors: Pawlikowski John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A document on Christian–Jewish relations was not on the initial agenda for Vatican II. But as a result of a personal meeting between Pope John XXIII and the French Jewish historian Jules Isaac, Cardinal Augustin Bea was mandated by the pope to prepare a draft statement. This text was introduced in the council’s second session. The discussion during the council took many turns. Some preferred its inclusion in the major theological document on the Church, Lumen Gentium. In the end, a separate document was overwhelmingly approved in the final session of the council, expanding the statement to include other non-Christian religions. Chapter 4 of this document, titled Nostra Aetate, grounded its argument in Romans 9–11. It argued that Jews were not collectively responsible for the death of Jesus, that they were not expelled from the covenant, and that Jesus drew positively from parts of the Jewish tradition of his day in his preaching and ministry. Subsequently, official church documents built upon these points, and Catholic theologians have offered new perspectives on the Church’s relationship with the Jewish people.
The Impact, Reception, and Implementation of Vatican II in Africa
Authors: Orobator Agbonkhianmeghe E. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines critical factors that determined the impact, reception, and implementation of Vatican II in Africa. Drawing on historical accounts, it identifies and analyses personalities, contexts, and issues that conditioned and shaped Africa’s participation in the council. Looking back fifty years, it is argued that while the continent’s participation was negligible, shaped by a combination of events and attitudes that either facilitated or hampered reception, concrete examples abound of how the council generated impetus for growth, renewal, and reform in inculturation, interreligious dialogue, theological reflection, and ecclesial collaboration in Africa in the years following the council.
Historical Context of Vatican II
Authors: Faggioli Massimo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The connection between church history and secular history is not unique to the 1900s, but it is particularly important in order to understand the nature of the Second Vatican Council. This chapter situates the council in the political and social history of the twentieth century. The social and political situation after the world wars and post-colonial global Catholicism cannot be separated from the preparation, celebration, and early reception of Vatican II. This chapter opens with a look at the early twentieth century and the period between the two world wars, with an emphasis on the confrontation between Catholicism and the political ideologies of the 1920s and 1930s. A second section talks about the effects of the Second World War on post-war attitudes of Catholics towards social and political issues. A third section addresses the relationship between Catholicism and the Cold War and decolonization until the eve of the council. A final section looks at the globalization of Catholicism from the beginning of the post-colonial world that is contemporary with the celebration of Vatican II.
New Wine, Old Wineskins
Authors: Beal John 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
On 25 January 1959, Pope John XXIII announced that he was convoking an ecumenical council and commissioning a revision of the Code of Canon Law. The process of revising the 1917 Code of Canon Law began in earnest with the completion of the Second Vatican Council and culminated with the promulgation of a revised Code of Canon Law in 1983. In the Apostolic Constitution promulgating this code, John Paul II stated: ‘This new Code could be understood as a great effort to translate this same conciliar doctrine and ecclesiology into canonical language.’ The revised Code, as well as canonical legislation before and since, does represent a serious effort to incorporate into legal norms the ecclesiological teaching of Vatican II. However, in many areas, it is not entirely successful in giving shape to the communio ecclesiology that suffuses the conciliar documents. In some areas, such as the treatment of the sacraments, the translation is reasonably successful; in others, such as the treatment of the local Church, it is only partly successful; and in still others, such as penal law, evidence of the council is faint.