bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in combination with insulin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes and insufficient glycaemic control: A phase III, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel study
Authors: Ji Linong , Lu Yibin , Li Qifu , Fu Liujun , Luo Yong , Lei Tao , Li Ling , Ye Shandong , Shi Bimin , Li Xiyan , Meinicke Thomas 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in combination with insulin ± oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) over 24 weeks, in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who had insufficient glycaemic control.Materials and MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel group, multicentre phase III study. Adult patients with T2D and insufficient glycaemic control who received insulin ± up to two OADs were randomized (1:1:1) to receive empagliflozin 10 or 25 mg, or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 24.ResultsOf 219 randomized patients, 73 patients were in each treatment group; baseline characteristics were comparable among the groups. There was a significantly larger decrease from baseline in HbA1c (adjusted mean treatment difference −0.99 and −0.98 for in the empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg groups, respectively; P < .0001) with both doses of empagliflozin than with placebo. There were also significantly larger decreases from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐hour postprandial glucose and body weight with both empagliflozin doses than with placebo. Among patients in the empagliflozin 10 mg, 25 mg and placebo groups, 17.8%, 9.6% and 11.0% reported confirmed hypoglycaemic events, respectively (nominal P = .2422 and .7661 in the empagliflozin 10 and 25 mg groups, respectively), and no Clinical Events Committee‐confirmed diabetic ketoacidosis events were reported.ConclusionsIn Chinese patients with T2D, empagliflozin combined with insulin ± OADs improved glycaemic control and was well tolerated, without an increased risk of hypoglycaemia.
Effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on major coronary events in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Guo Xueyuan , Sang Caihua , Tang Ribo , Jiang Chenxi , Li Songnan , Liu Nian , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimsTo perform a meta‐analysis to assess the effects of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) on major coronary events, including myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina and coronary revascularization, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and methodsWe systematically searched the PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE and clinicaltrial.gov databases to seek eligible studies with a cardiovascular endpoint comparing GLP‐1RAs with a placebo in T2DM patients. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the outcomes.ResultsNine studies, with a total of 64 236 patients, were included. GLP‐1RA treatment reduced fatal and nonfatal MI by 8% (OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86–0.99; P = 0.02, I2 = 39%). The reduction reached 15% in human‐based GLP‐1RA‐treated patients. Similarly, once‐weekly GLP‐1RA treatment reduced the risk of MI by 13%. In contrast, GLP‐1RA treatment did not reduce the risk of hospitalization for unstable angina (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.97–1.28; P = 0.13, I2 = 21%). GLP‐1RAs exhibited a tendency to lower the risk of coronary revascularization (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89–1.02; P = 0.15, I2 = 22%), but without statistical significance. Human‐based GLP‐1RAs decreased the risk by 11%.ConclusionsIn high‐risk patients with T2DM, GLP‐1RAs were associated with a decrease in MI, especially the human‐based and once‐weekly GLP‐1RAs. No benefit was seen for hospitalization for unstable angina or coronary revascularization. Further research is urgently needed to ascertain improvements in coronary events.
Phylogenetic and morphological analyses of Japanese Aquarius water strider, with a new synonym
Authors: Hiraishi Naoki , Suzuki Tomoya , Matsushima Ryosuke , Ohba Shin‐ya 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe genus Aquarius, of the subfamily Gerrinae, was formerly divided into two species and one subspecies in Japan (A. paludum paludum, A. paludum amamiensis and A. elongatus, respectively). Aquarius haliplous Yasunaga et al. 2018 has recently been described as a new species, which occurs in brackish waters of Nagasaki Prefecture and is found sympatrically with the widely distributed species, A. p. paludum. However, they are considered to be speciated, with no cross‐breeding. In this study, molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses were undertaken using the mitochondrial DNA COI (529 bp) and nuclear DNA histone H3 (314 bp) gene regions to investigate the genetic and morphological differentiation in the genus Aquarius, including A. haliplous, throughout Japan (including the islands). The results show that, unlike A. p. paludum, A. p. amamiensis and A. haliplous, A. elongatus displays substantial genetic differentiation. Considering that, although morphological differences exist in the antennae of A. p. paludum and A. p. amamiensis, A. haliplous has no clear genetic or morphological difference from A. p. paludum, and hence cannot be classified as a distinct species. Therefore, we propose that A. haliplous be synonymized with A. paludum.
The family law detection of overall risk screen (FL‐DOORS): Utility as a repeated measure for assessing change in family violence risk over time
Authors: Booth Anna T. , Wright Bradley J. , Pearce Heather , Ralfs Claire , McIntosh Jennifer E. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractConflicted parental separation is associated with risks to safety and wellbeing for all family members. The Family Law DOORS (FL‐DOORS; Detection of Overall Risk Screen) is a standardized screening framework to assist identification, evaluation, and response to family safety risks. The FL‐DOORS has previously been validated in two large Australian samples (N = 6089) and found fit‐for‐purpose as an indicator of family violence and wellbeing risks in separated families. Now, using pilot data from a community mediation context, we examine its utility as a repeated measure for detecting change in safety and wellbeing over time. A pilot cohort of 67 parents engaged in a mediation service for parenting and/or property disputes completed the FL‐DOORS at intake (T1) and approximately 8 weeks later (T2). We assessed T1‐T2 change scores and correlations in change between variables and used MANOVA to determine if clusters of related scales discriminated change across time. Findings support the psychometric capacity of the FL‐DOORS for use as a repeated measure in risk monitoring. We also note possible effects of this early screening process for reducing risk prior to engagement in mediation input. We discuss implementation utility for family law services to monitor change in risk type and magnitude over time.
Phenotypic plasticity increases exposure to extreme climatic events that reduce individual fitness
Authors: Regan Charlotte E. , Sheldon Ben C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractClimate models, and empirical observations, suggest that anthropogenic climate change is leading to changes in the occurrence and severity of extreme climatic events (ECEs). Effects of changes in mean climate on phenology, movement, and demography in animal and plant populations are well documented. In contrast, work exploring the impacts of ECEs on natural populations is less common, at least partially due to the challenges of obtaining sufficient data to study such rare events. Here, we assess the effect of changes in ECE patterns in a long‐term study of great tits, near Oxford, over a 56‐year period between 1965 and 2020. We document marked changes in the frequency of temperature ECEs, with cold ECEs being twice as frequent in the 1960s than at present, and hot ECEs being ~three times more frequent between 2010 and 2020 than in the 1960s. While the effect of single ECEs was generally quite small, we show that increased exposure to ECEs often reduces reproductive output, and that in some cases the effect of different types of ECE is synergistic. We further show that long‐term temporal changes in phenology, resulting from phenotypic plasticity, lead to an elevated risk of exposure to low temperature ECEs early in reproduction, and hence suggest that changes in ECE exposure may act as a cost of plasticity. Overall, our analyses reveal a complex set of risks of exposure and effects as ECE patterns change and highlight the importance of considering responses to changes in both mean climate and extreme events. Patterns in exposure and effects of ECEs on natural populations remain underexplored and continued work will be vital to establish the impacts of ECEs on populations in a changing climate.
Long‐term population decline of a genetically homogeneous continental‐wide top Arctic predator
Authors: Gousy‐Leblanc Marianne , Therrien Jean‐François , Broquet Thomas , Rioux Delphine , Curt‐Grand‐Gaudin Nadine , Tissot Nathalie , Tissot Sophie , Szabo Ildiko , Wilson Laurie , Evans Jack T. , Bowes Victoria , Gauthier Gilles , Wiebe Karen L. , Yannic Glenn , Lecomte Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

Genetic analysis can provide valuable information for conservation programmes by unravelling the demographic trajectory of populations, estimating effective population size or inferring genetic differentiation between populations. Here, we investigated the genetic differentiation within Snowy Owls Bubo scandiacus in North America, a species identified as vulnerable by the IUCN, to (1) quantify connectivity among wintering areas, (2) evaluate current genetic diversity and effective population size, and (3) infer changes in the historical effective population size changes from the last millennia to the recent past. The Snowy Owl, a highly mobile top predator, breeds across the Arctic tundra, a region especially sensitive to current climate change. Using single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based analyses on Snowy Owls sampled across the North American non‐breeding range, we found an absence of genetic differentiation among individuals located up to 4650 km apart. Our results suggest high genetic intermixing and effective dispersal at the continental scale despite documented philopatry to non‐breeding sites in winter. Reconstructing the population demographic indicated that North American Snowy Owls have been steadily declining since the Last Glacial Maximum c. 20 000 years ago, and concurrently with global increases in temperature. Conservation programmes should now consider North American Snowy Owls a single, genetically homogeneous continental‐wide population which is probably sensitive to the long‐term global warming occurring since the Last Glacial Maximum.
In situ measurement of combustion wave propagation during combustion synthesis of α‐Si3N4 powder
Authors: Wang Liang , Yang Zengchao , Li Jiangtao 
Published: March 2023

Abstractα‐Si3N4 powder was prepared by combustion synthesis method. The propagation characteristics of combustion wave were investigated by thermocouple temperature measurement and “resistance—combustion wave displacement response device.” The results show that the combustion reaction takes place in a narrow area, and there is a maximum temperature gradient of 180°C/mm in the combustion front. The “resistance—combustion wave displacement response device” was innovatively used to realize the in situ measurement of combustion wave propagation process. The test results showed the pulse combustion mode in which the combustion front took 10 s as a cycle, and the quantitative data of Si–N2 discrete combustion characteristics were obtained for the first time.
Phylogeography of Solomon Islands blossom bats reflects oceanic divides and Pleistocene connections
Authors: Lavery Tyrone H. , DeCicco Lucas H. , Olson Karen V. , Holland Piokera S. , Moyle Robert G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAimPeriodic lowering of sea levels and formation of land bridges can reshape phylogeographic patterns of insular biotas. Using archipelago‐wide sampling, we aimed to test if phylogeography of an old‐endemic bat lineage reflected Pleistocene land bridges.LocationSolomon Islands and Papua New Guinea.TaxonMelonycterisandNesonycterisbats (Pteropodidae).MethodsWe sequenced genome‐wide RADseq data for 49 specimens from 15 islands. We assessed phylogenetic relationships using maximum likelihood inRAxMLand quartet‐based methods inSVDquartets, population structure usingStructure, and admixture using maximum likelihood methods inTreeMix. We tested for genetic and geographic distance correlations using distance‐based redundancy analyses (dbRDA), identifying best‐fit models using stepwise model selection.ResultsPhylogenetic analyses identified fiveNesonycterisclades corresponding to Greater Bukida, Guadalcanal, Makira, Malaita and New Georgia group. Makira samples were sister to remainingNesonycteris.Structureidentified four populations: New IrelandMelonycteris melanops; andNesonycterisfrom Greater Bukida (including Guadalcanal); Malaita and Makira; and New Georgia group. Genetic backgrounds of Mono, Ngella and Guadalcanal separated from remaining Greater Bukida islands. Makira and Malaita separated into two populations. New Georgia group lacked structure, and genetic and geographic distances were not correlated. The best‐fit geographic distance models forNesonycterisand a Greater Bukida subset were least shore‐to‐shore distance; and Euclidean and least‐cost distances respectively.Main ConclusionsInfluences of modern and Pleistocene island isolation and connectivity were evident in the overall Phylogeography ofNesonycteris. The lack of structure or geographic distance correlations within the New Georgia group indicated all islands were interconnected during the Last Glacial Maximum or contemporary oceanic divides are ineffective barriers. Conversely, genetic divergence across Greater Bukida islands reflected land‐bridge constrained dispersal. A Makira clade sister to allNesonycterispossibly indicates an origin on Makira. Alternately it reflects Makira's long‐isolated geographic status, as similar results exist for a range of taxa.
The normativity of gender
Authors: Cosker‐Rowland Rach 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThere are important similarities between moral thought and talk and thought and talk about gender: disagreements about gender, like disagreements about morality, seem to be intractable and to outstrip descriptive agreement; and it seems coherent to reject any definition of what it is to be a woman in terms of particular social, biological, or other descriptive features, just as it seems coherent to reject any definition of what it is to be good or right in terms of any set of descriptive properties. These similarities give us reason to investigate the idea that, like moral thought and talk, gender thought and talk is inherently normative. This paper proposes a normative account of gender thought and talk in terms of fitting treatment. On this fitting treatment account, to judge that A is gender G is just to judge that it is fitting to treat A as a G. This account is a descriptive or hermeneutical account of our gender thought and talk rather than an ameliorative account of our gender concepts or a metaphysical account of gender properties in social metaphysics. This paper argues that other descriptive accounts of gender thought and talk face problems that the fitting treatment account overcomes.
Functional and MRI Outcomes After In Situ Repair Versus Tear Completion Before Repair of Bursal‐Side Partial‐Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Zhuo Hongwu , Pan Ling , Li Jian 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveThe optimal repair method for bursal‐side partial‐thickness rotator cuff tears (PTRCTs) involving >50% of the thickness remains a controversial topic. The study was aimed to compare the functional and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes after in situ repair or tear completion before repair of bursal‐side PTRCTs.MethodsA retrospective clinical study was conducted involving 58 patients who underwent in situ repair or tear completion before repair of bursal‐side PTRCTs between January 2019 and December 2020. These patients were divided into two groups: the in situ repair group and the tear completion before repair group. Functional assessment consisted of active range of motion (ROM), visual analog scale (VAS), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Constant–Murley score. The percentages of patients in each group achieving the minimal clinical important difference (MCID) of the functional scores were determined. The healing status of the rotator cuff was assessed by postoperative MRI.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic data. The mean follow‐up period was 14.53 ± 2.64 months in the in situ repair group and 15.40 ± 2.66 months in the tear completion before repair group. At the final follow‐up, the forward elevation, external rotation, and internal rotation improved significantly in both groups. The VAS, ASES score, and Constant–Murley score improved significantly in the in situ repair group (5.17 ± 2.00 points to 0.11 ± 0.41 points, p = 0.001; 44.04 ± 17.40 points to 95.47 ± 4.32 points, p = 0.001; 49.50 ± 14.38 points to 93.50 ± 3.49 points, p = 0.001) and in the tear completion before repair group (5.43 ± 3.32 points to 0.03 ± 0.18 points, p = 0.001; 41.50 ± 19.59 points to 95.94 ± 2.68 points, p = 0.001; 47.54 ± 17.13 points to 93.97 ± 2.61 points, p = 0.001). Postoperative MRI revealed that the re‐tear rate was 7.1% (2/28) in the in situ repair group and 3.3% (1/30) in the tear completion before repair group. No significant differences were observed in terms of the functional scores, the percentages of patients achieving the MCID of the functional scores, and the re‐tear rate between the two groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth in situ repair and tear completion before repair yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes for patients with bursal‐side PTRCTs. No significant differences were observed in the functional and MRI outcomes between the two groups.
Comparison of Ambu AuraGain and BlockBuster laryngeal mask for controlled ventilation in children undergoing minor surgical procedures under general anesthesia: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Kumar Kanil Ranjith , Soni Lipika , Sinha Renu , Muthiah Thilaka , Patel Nishant , Shende Dilip K. , Subramaniam Rajeshwari 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundAmbu AuraGain has proven to be better compared with other supraglottic airway devices in terms of higher first‐attempt insertion success rate, time and ease of insertion, high oropharyngeal leak pressure, and fewer complications in children. The performance of the BlockBuster laryngeal mask has not been evaluated in children.AimsThe primary objective of this study was to compare the oropharyngeal leak pressure of the BlockBuster laryngeal mask with those of the Ambu AuraGain during controlled ventilation in children.MethodsFifty children aged 6 months to 12 years with normal airways were randomized into group A (Ambu AuraGain) and group B (BlockBuster laryngeal mask). After administration of general anesthesia, an appropriate size supraglottic airway (size 1.5/2.0/2.5) was inserted according to the groups. Oropharyngeal leak pressure, success and ease of supraglottic airway insertion, gastric tube insertion, and ventilatory parameters were noted. The glottic view was graded by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.ResultsDemographic parameters were comparable. The mean oropharyngeal leak pressure in the BlockBuster group (24.72 ± 6.81 cm H2O) was significantly higher than Ambu AuraGain group (17.20 ± 4.28 cm H2O) by 7.52 cm H2O (95% CI 4.27 to 10.76; p = 0.001). The mean time for supraglottic airway insertion in the BlockBuster and Ambu AuraGain group was 12.04 ± 2.55 s and 13.64 ± 2.76 s, respectively (mean difference‐ 1.6 s, 95% CI 0.09–3.12; p = 0.04). Ventilatory parameters, first‐attempt supraglottic airway insertion success rate, and ease of gastric tube insertion were comparable between the groups. The BlockBuster group showed easy supraglottic airway insertion compared with the Ambu AuraGain group. The BlockBuster group had better glottic views with only the larynx seen in 23 out of 25 children compared to the Ambu AuraGain with only the larynx seen in 19 out of 25 children. No complication was noted in either group.ConclusionsWe found that the BlockBuster laryngeal mask has higher oropharyngeal leak pressure compared with Ambu AuraGain in a pediatric population.
Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) position statement on chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis in children, adolescents and adults in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Chang Anne B. , Bell Scott C. , Byrnes Catherine A. , Dawkins Paul , Holland Anne E. , Kennedy Emma , King Paul T. , Laird Pamela , Mooney Sarah , Morgan Lucy , Parsons Marianne , Poot Betty , Toombs Maree , Torzillo Paul J. , Grimwood Keith 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis position statement, updated from the 2015 guidelines for managing Australian and New Zealand children/adolescents and adults with chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and bronchiectasis, resulted from systematic literature searches by a multi‐disciplinary team that included consumers. The main statements are:
Diagnose CSLD and bronchiectasis early; this requires awareness of bronchiectasis symptoms and its co‐existence with other respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
Confirm bronchiectasis with a chest computed‐tomography scan, using age‐appropriate protocols and criteria in children.
Undertake a baseline panel of investigations.
Assess baseline severity, and health impact, and develop individualized management plans that include a multi‐disciplinary approach and coordinated care between healthcare providers.
Employ intensive treatment to improve symptom control, reduce exacerbation frequency, preserve lung function, optimize quality‐of‐life and enhance survival. In children, treatment also aims to optimize lung growth and, when possible, reverse bronchiectasis.
Individualize airway clearance techniques (ACTs) taught by respiratory physiotherapists, encourage regular exercise, optimize nutrition, avoid air pollutants and administer vaccines following national schedules.
Treat exacerbations with 14‐day antibiotic courses based upon lower airway culture results, local antibiotic susceptibility patterns, clinical severity and patient tolerance. Patients with severe exacerbations and/or not responding to outpatient therapy are hospitalized for further treatments, including intravenous antibiotics and intensive ACTs.
Eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa when newly detected in lower airway cultures.
Individualize therapy for long‐term antibiotics, inhaled corticosteroids, bronchodilators and mucoactive agents.
Ensure ongoing care with 6‐monthly monitoring for complications and co‐morbidities.
Undertake optimal care of under‐served peoples, and despite its challenges, delivering best‐practice treatment remains the overriding aim.