bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yeast β-glucan modulates macrophages and improves antitumor NK-cell responses in cancer
Authors: Zhu Zhichao , He Liuyang , Bai Yu , Xia Lei , Sun Xiao , Qi Chunjian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As the largest proportion of myeloid immune cells in tumors, macrophages play an important role in tumor growth and regression according to their different phenotypes, thus reprogramming macrophages has become a new research direction for cancer immunotherapy. Yeast-derived whole β-glucan particles (WGPs) can induce M0 macrophages to differentiate into M1 macrophages and convert M2 macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into M1 macrophages. In vitro, studies have confirmed that WGP-treated macrophages increase the activating receptors in natural killer cells (NK cells) and enhance the cytotoxicity of NK cells. The extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) signaling pathway is involved in WGP-mediated regulation of the macrophage phenotype. Further in vivo studies show that oral WGP can significantly delay tumor growth, which is related to the increased proportion of macrophages and NK cells, the macrophage phenotype reversal, and the enhancement of NK cell immune function. NK-cell depletion reduces the therapeutic efficacy of WGP in tumor-bearing mice. These findings revealed that in addition to T cells, NK cells also participate in the antitumor process of WGP. It was confirmed that WGP regulates the macrophage phenotype to regulate NK-cell function.
Protozoan predation as a driver of diversity and virulence in bacterial biofilms
Authors: Hoque M Mozammel , Espinoza-Vergara Gustavo , McDougald Diane 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Protozoa are eukaryotic organisms that play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and maintaining balance in the food web. Predation, symbiosis and parasitism are three types of interactions between protozoa and bacteria. However, not all bacterial species are equally susceptible to protozoan predation as many are capable of defending against predation in numerous ways and may even establish either a symbiotic or parasitic life-style. Biofilm formation is one such mechanism by which bacteria can survive predation. Structural and chemical components of biofilms enhance resistance to predation compared to their planktonic counterparts. Predation on biofilms gives rise to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in prey that leads to trade-offs in virulence in other eukaryotes. Recent advances, using molecular and genomics techniques, allow us to generate new information about the interactions of protozoa and biofilms of prey bacteria. This review presents the current state of the field on impacts of protozoan predation on biofilms. We provide an overview of newly gathered insights into (i) molecular mechanisms of predation resistance in biofilms, (ii) phenotypic and genetic diversification of prey bacteria, and (iii) evolution of virulence as a consequence of protozoan predation on biofilms.
New insights into the tectonics and geodynamics of Botswana from intracrustal structures revealed by receiver function analysis
Authors: Mpuang Admore Phindani , Shibutani Takuo , Ntibinyane Onkgopotse 
Published: July 2023

SUMMARY
Recent improvements in seismic coverage allow for an increasingly detailed knowledge of the crustal structure beneath Botswana to be obtained. For the first time, shear wave velocity–depth models throughout Botswana are obtained from genetic algorithm inversion of receiver functions. In this approach, averaging of important structural variations is minimized by separating receiver function waveforms into backazimuth and slowness bins. Division of crustal layers into sediment, upper, middle and lower crust reveals important features that enhance our knowledge of tectonics and geodynamics of Botswana. In the west, beneath the Ghanzi-Chobe belt, as well as at the border region of the Zimbabwe craton with Magondi belt, the crust has been thickened through a thickening of the lower crust, most likely by collisional tectonics during the Damara Orogeny. A significant difference in structure is observed between the western and central-to-eastern Kaapvaal craton. Western Kaapvaal craton has a thin mafic lower crust (&lt;10 km) that has survived the extensive melting of the Ventersdorp tectonomagmatic event at 2.7 Ga, contrary to previous reports of a lack of a mafic lower crust. Meanwhile in central-to-eastern Kaapvaal craton, a lower average ${{{}{V}}}_{{}{s}}$ (∼3.3 km s−1) in the upper crust suggests the presence of a suture zone that separates the two blocks of the Kaapvaal craton of different ages and crustal thicknesses. A relatively low ${{{}{V}}}_{{}{s}}$ in the middle crust from the Okavango rift zone to central and SE Botswana suggests reactivation of Palaeoproterozoic shear zones along a thin and weak crust by intraplate relative motion has enabled fluid infiltration from the mantle which causes seismicity in the region. Furthermore, a NW–SE trending region of high Vs in crustal layers is likely related to Karoo flood magmatism that formed the NW–SE trending Okavango dyke swarm. There is also an indication that a dedicated study is required to further investigate shallow converted phases from mobile belts and sedimentary basins in Botswana, however, the results from this study can provide a good starting point for such a study.
Restricting Representations from a Complex Reductive Group to a Real Form
Authors: Mason-Brown Lucas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Let $ G $ be a complex connected reductive algebraic group and let $ G_{{\mathbb {R}}} $ be a real form of $ G $. We construct a sequence of functors $ L_{n}\mathcal {R}$ from admissible (resp. finite-length) representations of $ G $ to admissible (resp. finite-length) representations of $ G_{{\mathbb {R}}} $. We establish many basic properties of these functors, including their behavior with respect to infinitesimal character, associated variety, and restriction to a maximal compact subgroup. We deduce that each $ L_{n}\mathcal {R}$ takes unipotent representations of $ G $ to unipotent representations of $ G_{{\mathbb {R}}} $. Taking the alternating sum of $ L_{n}\mathcal {R}$, we get a well-defined homomorphism on the level of characters. We compute this homomorphism in the case when $ G_{{\mathbb {R}}} $ is split.
CPlantBox: a fully coupled modelling platform for the water and carbon fluxes in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum
Authors: Giraud Mona , Gall Samuel Le , Harings Moritz , Javaux Mathieu , Leitner Daniel , Meunier Félicien , Rothfuss Youri , van Dusschoten Dagmar , Vanderborght Jan , Vereecken Harry , Lobet Guillaume , Schnepf Andrea 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A plant’s development is strongly linked to the water and carbon flows in the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. Expected climate shifts will alter the water and carbon cycles and will affect plant phenotypes. Comprehensive models that simulate mechanistically and dynamically the feedback loops between a plant’s three-dimensional development and the water and carbon flows are useful tools to evaluate the sustainability of genotype–environment–management combinations which do not yet exist. In this study, we present the latest version of the open-source three-dimensional Functional–Structural Plant Model CPlantBox with PiafMunch and DuMu${}^{\text{x}}$ coupling. This new implementation can be used to study the interactions between known or hypothetical processes at the plant scale. We simulated semi-mechanistically the development of generic C3 monocots from 10 to 25 days after sowing and undergoing an atmospheric dry spell of 1 week (no precipitation). We compared the results for dry spells starting on different days (Day 11 or 18) against a wetter and colder baseline scenario. Compared with the baseline, the dry spells led to a lower instantaneous water-use efficiency. Moreover, the temperature-induced increased enzymatic activity led to a higher maintenance respiration which diminished the amount of sucrose available for growth. Both of these effects were stronger for the later dry spell compared with the early dry spell. We could thus use CPlantBox to simulate diverging emerging processes (like carbon partitioning) defining the plants’ phenotypic plasticity response to their environment. The model remains to be validated against independent observations of the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.
Implementation of a Rapid Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Pneumonia Panel and Subsequent Antibiotic De-escalation
Authors: Miller Molly M , Van Schooneveld Trevor C , Stohs Erica J , Marcelin Jasmine R , Alexander Bryan T , Watkins Andrew B , Creager Hannah M , Bergman Scott J 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Net effects of implementation of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pneumonia panel (PNP) on antimicrobial stewardship are thus far unknown. This retrospective study evaluated the real-world impact of the PNP on time to antibiotic de-escalation in critically ill patients treated for pneumonia at an academic medical center.

Methods
This retrospective, quasi-experimental study included adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients with respiratory culture results from 1 May to 15 August 2019 (pre-PNP group) and adult ICU patients with PNP results from 1 May to 15 August 2020 (PNP group) at Nebraska Medical Center. Patients were excluded for the following reasons: any preceding positive coronavirus disease 2019 PCR test, lack of antibiotic receipt, or non–respiratory tract infection indications for antibiotics. The primary outcome was time to discontinuation of anti–methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) therapy. Secondary outcomes included time to discontinuation of antipseudomonal therapy, frequency of early discontinuation for atypical coverage, and overall duration (in days) of antibiotic therapy for pneumonia.

Results
Sixty-six patients in the pre-PNP group and 58 in the PNP group were included. There were significant differences in patient characteristics between groups. The median time to anti-MRSA agent discontinuation was 49.1 hours in the pre-PNP and 41.8 hours in the PNP group (P = .28). The median time to discontinuation of antipseudomonal agents was 134.4 hours in the pre-PNP versus 98.1 hours in the PNP group (P = .47). Other outcomes were numerically but not significantly improved in our sample.

Conclusions
This early look at implementation of a multiplex PNP did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in antibiotic use but lays the groundwork to further evaluate a significant real-world impact on antibiotic de-escalation in ICU patients treated for pneumonia.
A Woman in Berlin: Reappraising Mass Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Public Health
Authors: Bansal Esha 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Preventing sexual and gender-based violence—and mitigating its devastating impacts on individuals and societies—is a central challenge of public health. A Woman in Berlin is 34-year-old journalist Marta Hillers’s first-hand account of life during the 1945 Red Army occupation of Berlin at the conclusion of World War II, when Russian soldiers collectively raped 2 million German civilians. Reflecting upon Hillers’s testimony, I argue that historical narratives about large-scale acts of sexual and gender-based violence deserve a more central place in public health discourse. I also question how the ethical challenges of memorializing and studying mass crimes might inform future public health efforts to advance gender equity and mitigate sexual violence globally.
The Impact of Nordic Pole Walk Advice Alone or in Combination With Exercise Strategies on Daily Physical Activity in Patients With Intermittent Claudication: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sandberg Anna , Nordanstig Joakim , Cider Åsa , Jivegård Lennart , Hagströmer Maria , Bäck Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
The impact of exercise interventions on physical activity (PA) remains undetermined in intermittent claudication, which is why it is important to include objectively measured PA as an additional endpoint. The aim of this prespecified secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial was to investigate the impact of unsupervised Nordic pole walk advice (WA) alone or in combination with hospital-based supervised exercise (SEP) or home-based structured exercise (HSEP) on PA in patients with intermittent claudication.

Methods
In total, 166 patients with intermittent claudication (mean age = 72 [SD = 7.4] y; 41% women) were randomized to 3 intermittent claudication-treatment strategies: WA, WA + SEP, or WA + HSEP. All patients received Nordic poles and standardized WA (≥30 min, 3 times weekly). Patients randomized to HSEP and SEP accepted participation in an additional 6-months exercise program. PA was measured with an accelerometer-based activPAL3 monitor for 7 days at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months. PA outcomes were steps per day, time spent within a stepping cadence ≥100 steps per minute, time spent upright, number of body transitions from sitting to standing, and number of sitting bouts of &gt;30 minutes and &gt;60 minutes.

Results
At 1 year, no intergroup differences were observed in any of the PA variables, whereas significant intergroup differences were observed at 3 months regarding time spent within a stepping time cadence ≥100 steps per minute. The mean change for HSEP (2.47 [SD = 10.85] min) was significantly different from the mean change for WA (−3.20 [SD = 6.24] min). At 6 months, the number of sitting bouts (&gt;60 min) for SEP was significantly different from WA (mean change = 0.24 [SD = 0.69] vs −0.23 [SD = 0.81]).

Conclusion
This study indicates that the addition of 6 months of HSEP or SEP does not improve PA at 1 year, as compared to unsupervised WA alone. Factors of importance for increasing PA in patients with intermittent claudication require further investigation.

Impact
At the 1-year follow-up, the addition of intermittent claudication-tailored additional exercise strategies did not improve daily PA in patients with intermittent claudication compared with unsupervised Nordic pole WA alone. Future studies may explore the role of behavior change techniques to increase PA in this patient group.
Solving Serial Acquirer Puzzles
Authors: Macias Antonio J , Rau P Raghavendra , Stouraitis Aris 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Using a novel typology of serial acquirers, we examine several puzzles documented in the prior literature. We show that acquisitions by different types of acquirers are driven by different factors, they acquire different sizes of targets, and subsequent acquisitions by acquirers are predictable ex ante. Controlling for market anticipation, the most frequent serial acquirers do not earn declining returns as they continue acquiring, while less frequent acquirers do. Our methodology enhances our understanding of serial acquisition dynamics, anticipation, and economic value adjustments. The methodology is likely to be relevant to topics related to event anticipation beyond those covered in this study. (JEL G14, G34, G35)
Scalable Bayesian Divergence Time Estimation With Ratio Transformations
Authors: Ji Xiang , Fisher Alexander A , Su Shuo , Thorne Jeffrey L , Potter Barney , Lemey Philippe , Baele Guy , Suchard Marc A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Divergence time estimation is crucial to provide temporal signals for dating biologically important events from species divergence to viral transmissions in space and time. With the advent of high-throughput sequencing, recent Bayesian phylogenetic studies have analyzed hundreds to thousands of sequences. Such large-scale analyses challenge divergence time reconstruction by requiring inference on highly correlated internal node heights that often become computationally infeasible. To overcome this limitation, we explore a ratio transformation that maps the original $N-1$ internal node heights into a space of one height parameter and $N-2$ ratio parameters. To make the analyses scalable, we develop a collection of linear-time algorithms to compute the gradient and Jacobian-associated terms of the log-likelihood with respect to these ratios. We then apply Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling with the ratio transform in a Bayesian framework to learn the divergence times in 4 pathogenic viruses (West Nile virus, rabies virus, Lassa virus, and Ebola virus) and the coralline red algae. Our method both resolves a mixing issue in the West Nile virus example and improves inference efficiency by at least 5-fold for the Lassa and rabies virus examples as well as for the algae example. Our method now also makes it computationally feasible to incorporate mixed-effects molecular clock models for the Ebola virus example, confirms the findings from the original study, and reveals clearer multimodal distributions of the divergence times of some clades of interest.
Care for the patient with hip pain
Authors: Kearns Gary A. , Moore Amy Karen , Munger Larry , Seth Shelly , Day Mercedes 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
Hip pain is a common and sometimes disabling condition that affects adults in the primary care setting. The NP must understand the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options for patients with hip pain. Proper care of these patients often involves conservative medical management and coordination with physical therapy.
Association of State Insurance Mandates for Fertility Treatment With Multiple Embryo Transfer After Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy
Authors: Bedrick Bronwyn S. , Nickel Katelin B. , Riley Joan K. , Jain Tarun , Jungheim Emily S. 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from JAMA Network Open 2023;6(1):e2251739)
Multiple gestation is one of the most common risks associated with fertility treatment, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF). Compared with singleton pregnancies, pregnancies with multiples are at increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as higher health care costs.
Outcomes of Menstrual Management Use in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents
Authors: Schwartz Beth I. , Bear Benjamin , Short Vanessa L. , Kazak Anne E. 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2023;141:748–755)
For those who do not identify as female, gender dysphoria may be exacerbated by the onset of menses and they may desire menstrual management. Also known as menstrual manipulation or suppression, menstrual management entails hormonal medication use for stopping or improving periods.
A Double-blinded, Randomized Trial Comparing Surgeon-Administered Transversus Abdominis Plane Block With Placebo After Midline Laparotomy in Gynecologic Oncology Surgery
Authors: Bernard Laurence , Lavecchia Melissa , Trepanier Gabrielle , Mah Sarah , Pokoradi Alida , McGinnis Justin M. , Alyafi Mohammad , Glezerson Bryan , Nguyen Julie , Carlson Vanessa , Helpman Limor , Elit Laurie , Jimenez Waldo , Eiriksson Lua , Reade Clare J. 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023;228:553.e1–553.e8)
The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is an anesthetic technique wherein a local anesthetic solution is into the fascial plane between the transversus abdominis and the internal oblique muscles. The TAP block has been shown to reduce requirements of opioids after surgery; however, it can be time-consuming for use in the operating room setting.
Pembrolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Advanced Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Eskander Ramez N. , Sill Michael W. , Beffa Lindsey , Moore Richard G. , Hope Joanie M. , Musa Fernanda B. , Mannel Robert , Shahin Mark S. , Cantuaria Guilherme H. , Girda Eugenia , Mathews Cara , Kavecansky Juraj , Leath Charles A. , Gien Lilian T. , Hinchcliff Emily M. , Lele Shashikant B. , Landrum Lisa M. , Backes Floor , O'Cearbhaill Roisin E. , Al Baghdadi Tareq , Hill Emily K. , Thaker Premal H. , John Veena S. , Welch Stephen , Fader Amanda N. , Powell Matthew A. , Aghajanian Carol 
Published: July 2023

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2023;388(23):2159–2170)
Endometrial cancer is one of the only cancer types for which both incidence and mortality are rising, and survival has not improved during the past 4 decades. First-line treatment for advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer typically involves paclitaxel plus carboplatin.
Tibial Plateau Fractures Complicated by Compartment Syndrome are Associated with a Three Times Higher Cost of Care
Authors: Kantor Adam H. , Clapp Ian , O’Neill Dillon C. , Daryoush Joshua R. , Myhre Luke A. , Marchand Lucas , Haller Justin M. 
Published: July 2023

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the impact of acute compartment syndrome (ACS) and identify cost-drivers of 1-year total treatment costs for operative tibial plateau fractures.

DESIGN:
Retrospective review.

SETTING:
Level 1 Trauma Center.

PATIENTS:
337 patients with tibial plateau fractures, 24 of which were complicated by ACS.

OUTCOMES:
The primary outcome was total treatment cost over the first year for operatively treated tibial plateau fractures. The secondary objective was to use regression analysis to identify significant cost drivers.

RESULTS:
The diagnosis of ACS was associated with 2.85 times higher in total treatment cost (p < 0.001). Acute compartment syndrome demonstrated increased total treatment cost when controlling for polytrauma (p < 0.001) and post-operative infection (p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified 5 variables significantly associated with total cost of care: Body Mass Index, Injury Severity Score, ACS, Staged External Fixation, and Locking Fixation (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.57). The diagnosis of ACS had the largest impact on total cost with a 3.5x greater impact on cost compared to the next highest variable, staged external-fixation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Tibial plateau fractures complicated by ACS are associated with 2.85 times higher treatment costs over a 1-year period. There were 5 significant variables identified by regression analysis with ACS having the highest impact on total treatment. Together, these 5 factors account for 57% of treatment cost variability.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interprofessional Team Conflict Resolution: A Critical Literature Review
Authors: Orchard Carole , King Gillian , Tryphonopoulos Panagiota , Gorman Eunice , Ugirase Sibylle , Lising Dean , Fung Kevin 
Published: July 2023

Introduction:
Although concern related to conflicts within health care teams has been discussed in the literature, most studies have focused on individuals' personal conflict management style identification or on managers resolving workplace conflicts between parties. The purpose of this review was to identify significant components in the field of conflict with particular attention to conceptual findings that may be integrated into understanding interprofessional health care team conflict and its resolution.

Methods:
A critical review of the conflict literature across many fields was undertaken using the method identified by Grant and Booth, incorporating literature—search, appraisal, synthesis, and analysis.

Results:
This critical review explored existing models and schools of thought to provide an overview of how conflict is conceptualized, its focus on interpersonal and workplace issues, team conflict application and training in team conflict resolution, and finally a summary of this review's contribution to interprofessional health care team conflict and its resolution.

Conclusions:
Team conflict is comprised of three forms—relationship, task, and process. When team building occurs that incorporates training in the use of an adapted constructive controversy approach, there is a greater opportunity to enhance the quality of a cooperative approach to patients' care planning. Training in team conflict resolution is needed as a key ingredient to ensure all team members can enhance the effectiveness and quality of interprofessional client-centered collaborative practice. This benefits not only the health providers in the team, but also their clients/patients who are recipients of their shared teamwork.