bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-round learning strategy based on 3D deep convolutional GANs for Alzheimer’s disease staging
Authors: Kang Wenjie , Lin Lan , Sun Shen , Wu Shuicai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurately diagnosing of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its early stages is critical for prompt treatment or potential intervention to delay the the disease’s progression. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) models have shown promising results in structural MRI (sMRI)-based diagnosis, but their performance, particularly for 3D models, is constrained by the lack of labeled training samples. To address the overfitting problem brought on by the insufficient training sample size, we propose a three-round learning strategy that combines transfer learning with generative adversarial learning. In the first round, a 3D Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGAN) model was trained with all available sMRI data to learn the common feature of sMRI through unsupervised generative adversarial learning. The second round involved transferring and fine-tuning, and the pre-trained discriminator (D) of the DCGAN learned more specific features for the classification task between AD and cognitively normal (CN). In the final round, the weights learned in the AD versus CN classification task were transferred to the MCI diagnosis. By highlighting brain regions with high prediction weights using 3D Grad-CAM, we further enhanced the model's interpretability. The proposed model achieved accuracies of 92.8%, 78.1%, and 76.4% in the classifications of AD versus CN, AD versus MCI, and MCI versus CN, respectively. The experimental results show that our proposed model avoids overfitting brought on by a paucity of sMRI data and enables the early detection of AD.
Tooth enamel nitrogen isotope composition records trophic position: a tool for reconstructing food webs
Authors: Leichliter Jennifer N. , Lüdecke Tina , Foreman Alan D. , Bourgon Nicolas , Duprey Nicolas N. , Vonhof Hubert , Souksavatdy Viengkeo , Bacon Anne-Marie , Sigman Daniel M. , Tütken Thomas , Martínez-García Alfredo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNitrogen isotopes are widely used to study the trophic position of animals in modern food webs; however, their application in the fossil record is severely limited by degradation of organic material during fossilization. In this study, we show that the nitrogen isotope composition of organic matter preserved in mammalian tooth enamel (δ15Nenamel) records diet and trophic position. The δ15Nenamel of modern African mammals shows a 3.7‰ increase between herbivores and carnivores as expected from trophic enrichment, and there is a strong positive correlation between δ15Nenamel and δ15Nbone-collagen values from the same individuals. Additionally, δ15Nenamel values of Late Pleistocene fossil teeth preserve diet and trophic level information, despite complete diagenetic loss of collagen in the same specimens. We demonstrate that δ15Nenamel represents a powerful geochemical proxy for diet that is applicable to fossils and can help delineate major dietary transitions in ancient vertebrate lineages.
SpaDecon: cell-type deconvolution in spatial transcriptomics with semi-supervised learning
Authors: Coleman Kyle , Hu Jian , Schroeder Amelia , Lee Edward B. , Li Mingyao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has advanced our understanding of the spatial patterns of gene expression, but the lack of single-cell resolution in spatial barcoding-based SRT hinders the inference of specific locations of individual cells. To determine the spatial distribution of cell types in SRT, we present SpaDecon, a semi-supervised learning approach that incorporates gene expression, spatial location, and histology information for cell-type deconvolution. SpaDecon was evaluated through analyses of four real SRT datasets using knowledge of the expected distributions of cell types. Quantitative evaluations were performed for four pseudo-SRT datasets constructed according to benchmark proportions. Using mean squared error and Jensen-Shannon divergence with the benchmark proportions as evaluation criteria, we show that SpaDecon performance surpasses that of published cell-type deconvolution methods. Given the accuracy and computational speed of SpaDecon, we anticipate it will be valuable for SRT data analysis and will facilitate the integration of genomics and digital pathology.
Divalent nanobodies to platelet CLEC-2 can serve as agonists or antagonists
Authors: Clark Joanne C. , Martin Eleyna M. , Morán Luis A. , Di Ying , Wang Xueqing , Zuidscherwoude Malou , Brown Helena C. , Kavanagh Deirdre M. , Hummert Johan , Eble Johannes A. , Nieswandt Bernhard , Stegner David , Pollitt Alice Y. , Herten Dirk-Peter , Tomlinson Michael G. , García Angel , Watson Steve P. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCLEC-2 is a target for a new class of antiplatelet agent. Clustering of CLEC-2 leads to phosphorylation of a cytosolic YxxL and binding of the tandem SH2 domains in Syk, crosslinking two receptors. We have raised 48 nanobodies to CLEC-2 and crosslinked the most potent of these to generate divalent and tetravalent nanobody ligands. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) was used to show that the multivalent nanobodies cluster CLEC-2 in the membrane and that clustering is reduced by inhibition of Syk. Strikingly, the tetravalent nanobody stimulated aggregation of human platelets, whereas the divalent nanobody was an antagonist. In contrast, in human CLEC-2 knock-in mouse platelets, the divalent nanobody stimulated aggregation. Mouse platelets express a higher level of CLEC-2 than human platelets. In line with this, the divalent nanobody was an agonist in high-expressing transfected DT40 cells and an antagonist in low-expressing cells. FCS, stepwise photobleaching and non-detergent membrane extraction show that CLEC-2 is a mixture of monomers and dimers, with the degree of dimerisation increasing with expression thereby favouring crosslinking of CLEC-2 dimers. These results identify ligand valency, receptor expression/dimerisation and Syk as variables that govern activation of CLEC-2 and suggest that divalent ligands should be considered as partial agonists.
Zwitterionic Bergman cyclization triggered polymerization gives access to metal-graphene nanoribbons using a boron metal couple
Authors: Vidhani Dinesh V. , Ubeda Rosemary , Sautie Thalia , Vidhani Diana , Mariappan Manoharan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the rapid growth in artificial intelligence, designing high-speed and low-power semiconducting materials is of utmost importance. This investigation provides a theoretical basis to access covalently bonded transition metal-graphene nanoribbon (TM-GNR) hybrid semiconductors whose DFT-computed bandgaps were much narrower than the commonly used pentacene. Systematic optimization of substrates containing remotely placed boryl groups and the transition metals produced the zwitterions via ionic Bergman cyclization (i-BC) and unlocked the polymerization of metal-substituted polyenynes. Aside from i-BC, the subsequent steps were barrierless, which involved structureless transition regions. Multivariate analysis revealed the strong dependence of activation energy and the cyclization mode on the electronic nature of boron and Au(I). Consequently, three regions corresponding to radical Bergman (r-BC), ionic Bergman (i-BC), and ionic Schreiner-Pascal (i-SP) cyclizations were identified. The boundaries between these regions corresponded to the mechanistic shift induced by the three-center-three-electron (3c-3e) hydrogen bond, three-center-four-electron (3c-4e) hydrogen bond, and vacant p-orbital on boron. The ideal combination for cascade polymerization was observed near the boundary between i-BC and i-SP.
Implementation of a second‐order frequency selective surface filter at mmWave using paper and silver ink
Authors: Kokkonen Mikko , Dessai Rakshita , Myllymäki Sami 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this work, fabrication of frequency selective surface filters by coating paper with silver ink and subsequent laser etching the frequency filter pattern has been investigated. Three filter structures consisting of a combination of square and ring patches operating at 102, 113, and 126 GHz and with corresponding signal attenuation of −15.2, −15.4, and −14.5 dB were fabricated and simulated; −5 dB bandwidths were following, 93.3–112.2 GHz, 101.9–121.1 GHz, and 112.7–132.3, respectively. Also, the proposed screen printing with assistive laser etching could be used to reduce the number of used screens. Furthermore, paper based fabrication using a biodegradable ink could be an alternative fabrication process in future electronic manufacturing.
Psychometrische Eigenschaften des Qualiskope-A zur Messung der
Patientenzufriedenheit mit der ambulant-ärztlichen Behandlung: Einsatz
in der Onkologie und Übertragbarkeit auf die stationäre
Versorgung
Authors: Brandt Florian , Schneider Nico , Altmann Uwe , Strauß Bernhard , Hübner Jutta , Keinki Christian 
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Das Qualiskope-A ist ein deutschsprachiger
Patientenfragebogen, der – mit Hilfe von 27 Items verteilt auf vier
Skalen – eine Messung der Patientenzufriedenheit mit der
ambulant-ärztlichen Behandlung ermöglicht. In dieser Studie
wurde untersucht, ob der Fragebogen auch in einer onkologischen Population
zuverlässige Ergebnisse liefert und ob sein Anwendungsbereich auf die
stationäre Versorgung ausgeweitet werden kann.
Methodik Die erforderlichen Daten wurden im Rahmen der PIKKO-Studie
erhoben. Zunächst wurden deskriptive Skalenstatistiken und interne
Konsistenz (Cronbachs Alpha) analysiert. Zusätzlich wurde eine
Teilstichprobe, die zu zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Messzeitpunkten denselben Arzt
bewertete, hinsichtlich Retest-Reliabilität betrachtet (Spearman
Korrelation (rs) zwischen den Messzeitpunkten). Anschließend
wurde das Messmodell des Qualiskope-A mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse
untersucht. Zur Prüfung der Übertragbarkeit auf die
stationäre Versorgung wurde die Messinvarianz hinsichtlich ambulant und
stationär behandelter Patienten berechnet.
Ergebnisse In die Untersuchung wurden n=476 Patienten
eingeschlossen. Alle Scores des Qualiskope-A wiesen in der Stichprobe eine stark
linksschiefe Verteilung auf und ließen ausgeprägte Deckeneffekte
erkennen. Für Cronbachs Alpha galt durchweg > 0,8. In
der Retest-Gruppe (n=197) war eine starke Korrelation (rs>0,5)
zwischen den Messzeitpunkten zu beobachten. Die mittels konfirmatorischer
Faktorenanalyse berechneten Fit-Indizes belegten einen guten Modellfit
(CFI=0,958; RMSEA=0,026; SRMR=0,040; alle
Faktorladungen>0,6). Die im Rahmen der Untersuchung der Messinvarianz
berechneten Fit-Indizes erfüllten durchweg die definierten
Schwellenwerte.
Schlussfolgerung Das Qualiskope-A weist in der untersuchten onkologischen
Stichprobe eine gute Reliabilität auf. Es kann sowohl im ambulanten, als
auch im stationären Setting eingesetzt werden (Hinweise auf
Non-Invarianz fanden sich nicht). Aufgrund ausgeprägter Deckeneffekte
sollte jedoch die Itemskalierung überarbeitet werden.
Haben Hausärzt*innen Erfahrungen mit
Pflegestützpunkten? Eine berlinweite Fragebogenerhebung
Authors: Stumm Judith , Peter Lisa , Kuempel Lisa , Erdmann Lara Regina , Dierks Marius Tibor , Heintze Christoph , Döpfmer Susanne 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungIn der hausärztlichen Versorgung multimorbider Patient*innen
haben neben den medizinischen- auch soziale Beratungsanlässe eine
große Bedeutung. Pflegestützpunkte stellen in Berlin ein
etabliertes Angebot zur Beratung bei sozialen Anliegen auf Stadtbezirksebene
dar. Im Rahmen einer berlinweiten Fragebogenerhebung wurde das Wissen von
Hausärzt*innen über und die Erfahrungen mit
Pflegestützpunkten exploriert. 700 Fragebögen wurden explorativ
deskriptiv analysiert. Hausärzt*innen sind nur bedingt mit dem
Angebot der Pflegestützpunkte vertraut (60% kaum oder gar
nicht). 57% der Hausärzt*innen gaben an, dass sie
bereits Kontakt mit einem Pflegestützpunkt hatten.
Hausärzt*innen ohne bisherigen Pflegestützpunkt-Kontakt
empfehlen ihren Patient*innen andere Beratungsstellen bei sozialen
(76%) und bei pflegerischen Beratungsanlässen (79%).
Eine große Mehrheit aller befragten Hausärzt*innen
benennt weiteren Informationsbedarf zu Pflegestützpunkten.
Mass-ratio dependent strong-field dissociation of artificial helium hydride isotopologues
Authors: Oppermann F , Mhatre S , Gräfe S , Lein M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study the effect of the nuclear-mass ratio in a diatomic molecular ion on the dissociation dynamics in strong infrared laser pulses. A molecular ion is a charged system, in which the dipole moment depends on the reference point and therefore on the position of the nuclear center of mass, so that the laser-induced dynamics is expected to depend on the mass asymmetry. Whereas usually both the reduced mass and the mass ratio are varied when different isotopologues are compared, we fix the reduced mass and artificially vary the mass ratio in a model system. This allows us to separate effects related to changes in the resonance frequency, which is determined by the reduced mass, from those that arise due to the mass asymmetry. Numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation are compared with classical trajectory simulations. We find that at a certain mass ratio, vibrational excitation is strongly suppressed, which decreases the dissociation probability by many orders of magnitude.
A Study of Holographic Dark Energy Models with Configuration Entropy
Authors: Das Biswajit , Pandey Biswajit 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The holographic dark energy models provide an alternative description of dark energy. These models are motivated by the possible application of the holographic principle to the dark energy problem. In this work, we present a theoretical study of the one parameter Li holographic dark energy and the two parameter Barrow holographic dark energy models using configuration entropy of the matter distribution in the universe. The configuration entropy rate exhibits a distinct minimum at a specific scale factor that corresponds to the epoch, beyond which dark energy takes a driving role in the accelerated expansion of the universe. We find that the location of the minimum and magnitude of the entropy rate at the minimum are sensitive to the parameters of the models. We find the best fit relations between these quantities and the parameters of each model. We propose that these relations can be used to constrain the parameters of the holographic dark energy models from future observations such as the SKA. Our study suggests that the signature of a large quantum gravitational effect on the future event horizon can be detected from measurements of the configuration entropy of the matter distribution at multiple redshifts.
The Masses of a Sample of Radial-velocity Exoplanets with Astrometric Measurements
Authors: Xiao Guang-Yao , Liu Yu-Juan , Teng Huan-Yu , Wang Wei , Brandt Timothy D. , Zhao Gang , Zhao Fei , Zhai Meng , Gao Qi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Being one of the most fundamental physical parameter of astronomical objects, mass plays a vital role in the study of exoplanets, including their temperature structure, chemical composition, formation, and evolution. However, nearly a quarter of the known confirmed exoplanets lack measurements of their masses. This is particularly severe for those discovered via the radial velocity (RV) technique, which alone could only yield the minimum mass of planets. In this study, we use published RV data combined with astrometric data from a cross-calibrated Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog of Accelerations to jointly constrain the masses of 115 RV-detected substellar companions, by conducting full orbital fits using the public tool orvara. Among them, 9 exoplanets with

M

p

sin

i
<
13.5

M

Jup

are reclassified to the brown dwarf (BD) regime, and 16 BD candidates (

13.5
≤

M

p

sin

i
<
80

M

Jup

) turn out to be low-mass M dwarfs. We point out the presence of a transition in the BD regime as seen in the distributions of host star metallicity and orbital eccentricity with respect to planet masses. We confirm the previous findings that companions with masses below 42.5 M
Jup might primarily form in the protoplanetary disk through core accretion or disk gravitational instability, while those with masses above 42.5 M
Jup formed through the gravitational instability of a molecular cloud like stars. Selection effects and detection biases, which may affect our analysis to some extent, are discussed.
A New Method of Frequency Fluctuation Estimation and IPS Processing Results Based on the Downlink Signal of Tianwen-1
Authors: Liu Yu-Chen , Kong De-Qing , Liu Dong-Hao , Zhu Xin-Ying , Su Yan , Zhang Hong-Bo , Wang Zan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The radio-occultation observations taken by Tianwen-1 are aiming to study the properties of solar wind. A new method of frequency fluctuation (FF) estimation is presented for processing the down-link signals of Tianwen-1 during the occultation period to study the properties of the coronal plasma at the heliocentric distances of 4.48–19 R
⊙. Because of low S/N as well as the phase fluctuation phenomena caused by solar activity, a Kalman based on polynomial prediction methods is proposed to avoid the phase locked loop loss lock. A new detrend method based on multi-level iteration correction is proposed to estimate Doppler shift to get more accurate power density spectra of FF in the low frequency region. The data analyze procedure is used to get the properties of the solar corona during the occultation. The method was finally verified at the point when the solar offset is 5.7 R
⊙, frequency tracking was successfully performed on data with a carrier-to-noise ratio of about 28 dBHz. The density spectra obtained by the improved method are basically the same when the frequency is greater than 2 mHz, the uncertainty in the result of the rms of the FF obtained by removing the trend term with different order polynomials is less than 3.3%. The data without eliminating interference show a large error for different detrending orders, which justifies the need for an improved approach. Finally, the frequency fluctuation results combined with the information on intensity fluctuation obtained by the new method are compared with the results of the integrated Space Weather Analysis system and theoretical formula, which verifies that the processing results in this paper have a certain degree of credibility.
A Novel Silicone Rubber for Situation Awareness
Authors: Xia Bing , Li Xiaofei , Yang Xiaoyan , Zhang Donghai , Zhang Miao , Li Hao , Xu Shanjun , Kong Deqing , Li Xiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An insulator plays an important role in the external insulation of power grid. The antifouling flashover coating on the insulator’s surface can effectively reduce the incidence of pollution flashover accidents. Local overheating, local arc, lightning and other damage lead to the deterioration of the antifouling flashover coating, resulting in pollution flashover accidents. In order to realize the on-line identification of electric arc on the surface of antifouling flashover coating, various functional nanoparticles were prepared and added into the silicone rubber to prepare functional antifouling flashover coating. The colour deviation of the coating heated at different temperatures was measured by a spectrophotometer, and the trace of arcs on the sample surface was observed. The results show that the functional nanoparticles can slightly improve the tensile strength and AC breakdown strength of silicone rubber composites. The composites change colour in 2 min at 250°C or 1s at 500°C, showing obvious indication traces after an electric arc passes the surface of an insulator in a short period. Still, the composites possess excellent functional properties after 1000h artificial accelerated aging test.
High Temperature Performance Evaluation of High Viscosity Asphalt at Different Aging Degrees Based on Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test
Authors: Wei Jintao , Xi Chenchen , Sun Tuanwei , Yan Shoujing , Wang Yangyang , Chi Fengxia 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of high temperature on the performance of three high viscous asphalt in company with various aging degrees (ADs), multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test was employed. CRR and irrecoverable compliance were also carried out to measure the high temperature resistance of high viscous asphalt to external loading in the presence of various aging conditions (ACs) as well as to examine the sensitivity of high viscous asphalt towards the stress. The findings of the study demonstrated that after short- and long-term aging, the high-viscosity asphalt turned harder. Also, type I high-viscosity asphalt was observed to have the greatest deformation resistance acted upon by various stress fields and ACs. Furthermore, in company with various ACs, while the average creep recovery rate (CRR) of Type I and Type II high-viscosity asphalt was found to be higher than that of the SBS modified asphalt, the average irrecoverable compliance was observed to be smaller. This indicated the significant effect of high-viscosity modifiers on the improvement of the elastic recovery performance of asphalt and its resistance to high temperature flow deformation. Contrary to the order of their CRRs, the magnitude of stress sensitivity of the three high-viscosity asphalt at various ADs was observed to be type II < type I < SBS modified asphalt, indicating a good negative correlation between stress sensitivity and average CRR. Furthermore, the obtained results revealed that, in the presence of various ACs, the high temperature viscoelastic qualities of high viscosity modified asphalt is considered by the MSCR test. Also, to comprehensively evaluate the high temperature performance of high viscosity modified asphalt at various Ads, the use of such indexes as the average CRR, average irrecoverable compliance and stress sensitivity coefficient were essential.
Methods of Bidirectional Interpolation and Finite Volume Element for Surface Reconstruction and Volume Calculation of Midwater Trawl
Authors: Zhang Xinfeng , Hu Fuxiang , Zhang Jian , Qu Xiaoyu , Qian Weiguo , Zhang Yunwei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The spatial surface of the midwater trawl was reconstructed with combined interpolation methods of cubic spline, cubic Heimite and polar-coordinate periodic spline interpolation. The results show that the trawl surface obtained only by the ring section method or the vertical section method has a certain deviation, especially when cubic spline is used only in the X direction. When the ring section is combined with the vertical section, and the cubic spline is combined with the cubic Heimite in the X direction, the smoothest feasible trawl surface can be obtained. Two different trawl volume algorithms (volume element method and numerical integration method) were proposed. The finite volume element method can accurately calculate the volume inside the trawl, and the approximation calculation result of the numerical integration method is also very ideal. The numerical integration method is easier to calculate and suitable for the calculation of the trawl volume under any circumstances.