bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mass spectrum in a six-dimensional SU(n) gauge theory on a magnetized torus
Authors: Kojima Kentaro , Okubo Yuri , Takeda Carolina Sayuri 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We examine six-dimensional SU(n) gauge theories compactified on a two-dimensional torus with a constant magnetic flux background to obtain a comprehensive low-energy mass spectrum. We introduce general background configurations including the magnetic flux and continuous Wilson line phases, consistent with classical equations of motion. Under the standard gauge fixing procedure, the complete mass spectrum in low-energy effective theory for the SU(n) case is newly presented without imposing restrictions on the gauge fixing parameter. Our analysis confirms the inevitable existence of tachyonic modes, which neither depend on the background configurations of Wilson line phases nor are affected by the gauge fixing parameter. Masses for some low-energy modes exhibit dependence on the gauge fixing parameter, and these modes are identified as would-be Goldstone bosons that are absorbed by massive four-dimensional vector fields. We discuss the phenomenological implications associated with stabilization or condensation of the tachyonic states. Various mass spectra and symmetry-breaking patterns are expected with flux backgrounds in the SU(n) case. They are helpful for constructing phenomenologically viable models beyond the standard model, such as gauge-Higgs unification and grand unified theories.
A generic architecture of an affective recommender system for e-learning environments
Authors: Salazar Juan Camilo , Aguilar Jose , Monsalve-Pulido Julián , Montoya Edwin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPersonalization of suggestions of contents plays a key role in adaptive virtual learning environments. Good recommendations can raise the interest of students in the learning process, while, on the other hand, bad recommendations can have catastrophic results for the learning process. The affective state of the student is a very influential factor in the learning process. In this work, a generic architecture of an affective recommender system for e-learning environments is developed, to serve as a guide for future implementations of this kind of recommender system. Here, the affective characteristics of students are represented by their personalities, learning styles, emotional states, and expertise levels. Thus, the main contribution is the proposition of a generic architecture of an affective recommendation system for the educational field. The architecture is completely modular, which gives it great flexibility because the emotion engine is separated from the personal characteristics engine, and is not based on specific models of emotions. This work finishes with examples of use cases of the architecture. According to the results in these examples, our architecture is capable of analyzing the polarity of academic documents based on their content, determining the personal characteristics of students (including their emotions), and from there, recommending learning resources to students considering emotions as the main element of the process.
Effect of a digital patient motivation and support tool on CPAP/APAP adherence and daytime sleepiness: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Franke Christian , Piezonna Franziska , Schäfer Regina , Grimm Alexander , Loris Lisa-Marie , Schwaibold Matthias 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a digital patient support (DPS) tool, complementary to standard care on continuous or automatic positive airway pressure (auto)CPAP adherence and daytime sleepiness after 12 weeks in patients diagnosed with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). All patients with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 30 per hour were prospectively included and randomized to receive standard care (SC) or standard care with personalized DPS via a mobile app prototype version (SC + DPS). Patients in the SC + DPS arm received additionally automated feedback on their therapy, motivational messages and therapy recommendations. 100 patients completed the study (SC: 50, SC + DPS: 50). No differences were found in characteristics of SC vs. SC + DPS (mean ± SD) for age (53.9 ± 10.8 vs. 51.7 ± 12.3 years), initial diagnostic apnea–hypopnea index (51.1 ± 15.5 vs. 50.9 ± 17.7 events/h), BMI (33.8 ± 6.7 vs. 33.5 ± 4.5 kg/m), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) baseline score (9.5 ± 4.2 vs. 9.1 ± 5.2). After 12 weeks, mean ESS score was significantly lower (SC: 7.6 ± 4.1 vs. SC + DPS: 5.5 ± 3.9; p = 0.006) in the SC + DPS group vs. standard care group. Therapy adherence was significantly higher (SC: 268.7 ± 122.1 vs. SC + DPS: 338.8 ± 106.8 min; p = 0.002) in the SC + DPS group compared to standard care group. No difference was found in the residual AHI between both groups. However, SC + DPS group showed a trend towards fewer phases with increased leakage compared to SC group. Intention-to-treat analysis (112 (56/56) patients) showed similar results. After 12 weeks, (auto)CPAP adherence and daytime sleepiness improved significantly in patients with severe OSA using the digital patient support tool.Clinical Trial Registration (retrospectively registered): Registry: NCT05440279; Title: Effects of Telemedical Support on Therapeutic Results of CPAP Patients; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05440279; Date of registration: June 30, 2022.
Remote sensing of glacier change (1965–2021) and identification of surge-type glaciers on Severnaya Zemlya, Russian High Arctic
Authors: Wytiahlowsky Holly , Stokes Chris R. , Evans David J. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Glaciers in the Russian High Arctic have undergone accelerated mass loss due to atmospheric and oceanic warming in the Barents–Kara Sea region. Most studies have concentrated on the western Barents–Kara sector, despite evidence of accelerating mass loss as far east as Severnaya Zemlya. However, long-term trends in glacier change on Severnaya Zemlya are largely unknown and this record may be complicated by surge-type glaciers. Here, we present a long-term assessment of glacier change (1965–2021) on Severnaya Zemlya and a new inventory of surge-type glaciers using declassified spy-satellite photography (KH-7/9 Hexagon) and optical satellite imagery (ASTER, Sentinel-2A, Landsat-4/5 TM and 8 OLI). Glacier area reduced from 17 053 km2 in 1965 to 16 275 in 2021 (−5%; mean: −18%, max: −100%), with areal shrinkage most pronounced at land-terminating glaciers on southern Severnaya Zemlya, where there is a recent (post-2010s) increase in summer atmospheric temperatures. We find that surging may be more widespread than previously thought, with three glaciers classified confirmed as surge-type, eight as likely to have surged and nine as possible, comprising 11% of Severnaya Zemlya's 190 glaciers (37% by area). Under continued warming, we anticipate accelerated retreat and increased likelihood of surging as basal thermal regimes shift.
Treaty amendment procedures: A typology from a survey of multilateral environmental agreements
Authors: Bélanger Louis , Morin Jean-Frédéric 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTreaty amendments constitute a critical but under-researched aspect of international law. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of 491 amendment procedures across 691 multilateral environmental agreements. We use this data collection to build a typology of amendment procedures based on various combinations of control, adaptability, and flexibility. We introduce the property space reduction method as a valuable tool for building typology and analysing international law. We find a clear trend towards the inclusion of amendment procedures, which makes treaties increasingly adaptable. This adaptability is generally coupled with flexibility to avoid infringing on consent. As a result, amended treaties risk being increasingly fragmented into differentiated bundles of obligations split among subsets of members. We also examine how key features of treaty membership, such as power distribution, correlate with the occurrence and types of amendment procedures.
High‐Resolution Near‐Surface Imaging at the Basin Scale Using Dark Fiber and Distributed Acoustic Sensing: Toward Site Effect Estimation in Urban Environments
Authors: Cheng Feng , Ajo‐Franklin Jonathan B. , Rodriguez Tribaldos Veronica 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNear‐surface seismic structure, particularly the shear wave velocity (Vs), can strongly affect local site response, and should be accurately estimated for ground motion prediction during seismic hazard assessment. The Imperial Valley (California), occupying the southern end of the Salton Trough, is a seismically active basin with thick surficial lacustrine sedimentary deposits. In this study, we utilize ambient noise records and local earthquake events for high‐resolution near‐surface characterization and site effect estimation with an unlit fiber‐optic telecommunication infrastructure (dark fiber) in Imperial Valley by using the distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technique. We apply ambient noise interferometry to retrieve coherent surface waves from DAS records, and evaluate performances of three different surface wave methods on DAS ambient noise dispersion imaging. We develop a quality control workflow to improve the dispersion measurement of noisy portions of the DAS data set by using a data selection strategy. Using the joint inversion of both the fundamental mode and higher overtones of Rayleigh waves, a high resolution two‐dimensional (2D) Vs structure down to 70 m depth is obtained. We successfully achieve an improved Vs30 (the time‐averaged shear‐wave velocity in the top 30 m) model with higher spatial‐resolution and reliability compared to the existing community model for the area. We also explore the potential for utilizing DAS earthquake events for site amplification estimation. The preliminary results reveal a clear anti‐correlation between the approximated site response and the Vs30 profile. Our results indicate the potential utility of DAS deployed on dark fiber for near‐surface characterization in appropriate contexts.
World species of the subgenus Oligonychus (Reckiella) Tuttle and Baker (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae), diagnostic keys, taxonomic notes, and a new species
Authors: Mushtaq Hafiz Muhammad Saqib , Kamran Muhammad , Alatawi Fahad Jaber 
Published: August 2023

AbstractOligonychus Berlese (Acari, Prostigmata, Tetranychidae) is an agriculturally important and the largest genus of spider mites, comprised of 211 species (including new species), two subgenera, four species groups, and 11 species subgroups. The present study comprehensively addressed the morphotaxonomic-based identification of world species of the subgenus Reckiella Tuttle and Baker. Five diagnostic keys were developed for identifying Oligonychus (Reckiella) species belonging to five species subgroups: iseilemae, pritchardi, biharensis, gossypii, and exsiccator. Taxonomic notes are provided on intraspecific variations and some closely related Oligonychus (Reckiella) species representing six species complexes, viz. the afrasiaticus complex, the litchii complex, the pratensis complex, the plegas complex, the sacchari complex, and the tylus complex. One new spider mite species, Oligonychus bahaensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Grasses (Poaceae) under the subgenus Reckiella.
Universal scaling of tunable Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states across the quantum phase transition
Authors: Huang Haonan , Karan Sujoy , Padurariu Ciprian , Kubala Björn , Cuevas Juan Carlos , Ankerhold Joachim , Kern Klaus , Ast Christian R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractQuantum magnetic impurities give rise to a wealth of phenomena attracting tremendous research interest in recent years. On a normal metal, magnetic impurities generate the correlation-driven Kondo effect. On a superconductor, bound states emerge inside the superconducting gap called the Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) states. Theoretically, quantum impurity problems have been successfully tackled by numerical renormalization group (NRG) theory, where the Kondo and YSR physics are shown to be unified and the normalized YSR energy scales universally with the Kondo temperature divided by the superconducting gap. However, experimentally the Kondo temperature is usually extracted from phenomenological approaches, which gives rise to significant uncertainties and cannot account for magnetic fields properly. Using scanning tunneling microscopy at 10 mK, we apply a magnetic field to several YSR impurities on a vanadium tip to reveal the Kondo effect and employ the microscopic single impurity Anderson model with NRG to fit the Kondo spectra in magnetic fields accurately and extract the corresponding Kondo temperature unambiguously. Some YSR states move across the quantum phase transition (QPT) due to the changes in atomic forces during tip approach, yielding a continuous universal scaling with quantitative precision for quantum spin-$$\frac{1}{2}$$

1

2

impurities.
New rotation period measurements of 67 163 Kepler stars
Authors: Reinhold Timo , Shapiro Alexander I. , Solanki Sami K. , Basri Gibor 
Published: August 2023

Context. The Kepler space telescope leaves a legacy of tens of thousands of stellar rotation period measurements. While many of these stars show strong periodicity, there is an even bigger fraction of stars with irregular variability for which rotation periods are rarely visible or in most cases unknown. As a consequence, many studies of stellar activity might be strongly biased toward the behavior of more active stars, for which rotation periods have been determined.
Aims. With the goal to at least partially lift this bias, we apply a new method capable of determining rotation periods of stars with irregular light curve variability. This effort greatly increases the number of stars with well-determined periods, especially for stars with small variabilities similar to that of the Sun.
Methods. We employed a novel method based on the gradient of the power spectrum (GPS). The maximum of the gradient corresponds to the position of the inflection point (IP), namely, the point where the curvature of the high-frequency tail of the power spectrum changes its sign. Previously, it was shown that the stellar rotation period, Prot, is linked to the inflection point period, PIP, by the simple equation Prot = PIP/α, where α is a calibration factor. The GPS method is superior to classical methods (such as auto-correlation functions (ACF)) because it does not require a repeatable variability pattern in the time series, making it an ideal tool for detecting periods of stars with very short-lived spots.
Results. From the initial sample of 142 168 stars with effective temperatures Teff < 6500 K and log g > 4.0 in the Kepler archive, we could measure rotation periods for 67 163 stars by combining the GPS and the ACF method. We further report the first determination of a rotation period for 20 397 stars. The GPS periods show good agreement with previous period measurements using classical methods, when available. Furthermore, we show that the scaling factor a increases for very cool stars with effective temperatures below 4000 K, which we interpret as spots located at higher latitudes.
Conclusions. We conclude that new techniques, such as the GPS method, ought to be applied in detecting the rotation periods of stars with small and more irregular variabilities. Ignoring these stars will distort the overall picture of stellar activity, particular with respect to solar-stellar comparison studies.
Cometary dust collected by MIDAS on board Rosetta
Authors: Kim M. , Mannel T. , Lasue J. , Longobardo A. , Bentley M. S. , Moissl R. ,   The MIDAS team
Published: August 2023

Context. The MIDAS (Micro-Imaging Dust Analysis System) atomic force microscope on board the Rosetta comet orbiter investigated and measured the 3D topography of a few hundred of nm to tens of μm sized dust particles of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko with resolutions down to a few nanometers, giving insights into the physical processes of our early Solar System.
Aims. We analyze the shapes of the cometary dust particles collected by MIDAS on the basis of a recently updated particle catalog with the aim to determine which structural properties remained pristine.
Methods. We develop a set of shape descriptors and metrics such as aspect ratio, elongation, circularity, convexity, and particle surface and volume distribution, which can be used to describe the distribution of particle shapes. Furthermore, we compare the structure of the MIDAS dust particles and the clusters in which the particles were deposited to those found in previous laboratory experiments and by Rosetta/COSIMA. Finally, we combine our findings to calculate a pristineness score for MIDAS particles and determine the most pristine particles and their properties.
Results. We find that the morphological properties of all cometary dust particles at the micrometer scale are surprisingly homogeneous despite originating from diverse cometary environments (e.g., different collection targets that are associated with cometary activities/source regions and collection velocities/periods). There is only a weak trend between shape descriptors and particle characteristics such as size, collection targets, and cluster morphology. We next find that the types of clusters found by MIDAS show good agreement with those defined by previous laboratory experiments, however, there are some differences to those found by Rosetta/COSIMA. Furthermore, our pristineness score shows that almost half of MIDAS particles suffered severe alteration by impact, which indicates structural modification by impact (e.g., flattening and/or fragmentation) is inevitable despite the very low collection speeds (i.e., ~3–7 m s−1). Based on our result, we rate 19 out of 1082 MIDAS particles at least moderately pristine that is they are not substantially flattened by impact, not fragmented, and/or not part of a fragmentation cluster.
First-trimester neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic
immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic immune-response index (SIRI) as
predictors of composite adverse outcomes in pregnant women with Familial
Mediterranean fever
Authors: Sahin Refaettin , Tanacan Atakan , Serbetci Hakki , Karagoz Busra , Agaoglu Zahid , Kara Ozgur , Sahin Dilek 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the utility of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio
(NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic immune-response
index (SIRI) in the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women
with Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF)
Material and methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted
between 2019–2023. First-trimester NLR, SII (NLR X platelet count), and
SIRI (NLR X monocyte count) values were compared between pregnant women with FMF
(n=85) and without FMF (n=105). Thereafter, pregnant women with
FMF were divided into two groups: 1) FMF with perinatal complications
(n=30), and 2) FMF without perinatal complications (n=55). NLR,
SII, and SIRI values were compared between the two subgroups. Finally, an ROC
analysis was performed to determine optimal cut-off values for NLR, SII, and
SIRI in the prediction of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Results The FMF group had significantly higher first-trimester NLR, SII,
and SIRI values compared to the controls. The FMF with perinatal complications
group had significantly higher NLR, SII, and SIRI values than the FMF group
without perinatal complications (p<0.05). Optimal cut-off values were
4.89 (80% sensitivity, 78.2% specificity), 1180.6 (76.7%
sensitivity, 72.7% specificity), and 1.9 (83.3%
sensitivity,72.7% specificity) for NLR, SII, and SIRI, respectively.
Conclusion SII, SIRI, and NLR may be used to predict adverse pregnancy
outcomes in pregnant women with FMF.
Surviving the Covid-19 lockdown: Zimbabwe’s informal sector, 2020–2021
Authors: Chenzi Vincent , Ndamba Admire 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY
This briefing explores the strategies deployed by informal workers in Harare during Zimbabwe’s Covid-19 lockdown period. It argues that informal workers responded to the lockdown regulations by embracing survival and accumulation strategies which had broader implications for the African continent by ultimately shaping patterns of public health, inequality, authoritarianism and corruption. The briefing provides an example of the consequences when African states unthinkingly imposed unsolicited Covid-19 restrictions that had the unintended effect of devastating a vital part of their economy and with it, the livelihoods of the poorest majority.
Nonexistence of solutions to the coupled generalized Jang equation/zero divergence system
Authors: Jaracz Jaroslaw S 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In Bray (2011 Asian J. Math.
15 559–612), Bray and Khuri proposed coupling the generalized Jang equation to several different auxiliary equations. The solutions to these coupled systems would then imply the Penrose inequality. One of these involves coupling the generalized Jang equation to

d
i
v

‾

(
ϕ
q
)
=
0

, as this would guarantee the non-negativity of the scalar curvature in the Jang surface. This coupled system of equations has not received much attention, and we investigate its solvability. We prove that there exists a spherically symmetric initial data set for the Einstein equations for which there do not exist smooth radial solutions to the system having the appropriate asymptotics for application to the Penrose inequality.
Singular value decomposition for longitudinal, transverse and mixed ray transforms of 2D tensor fields
Authors: Polyakova Anna P , Svetov Ivan E 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The operators of longitudinal, transverse and mixed ray transforms acting on two-dimensional symmetric tensor fields of arbitrary degree m in an unit disk are considered in the article. The singular value decompositions of the operators for a parallel scheme of data acquisition are constructed. Orthogonal bases in original spaces and image spaces are constructed using harmonic, Jacobi and Gegenbauer polynomials. Based on the obtained decompositions the polynomial expressions for the (pseudo)inverse and adjoint operators are obtained.
Fabrication of 2D/1D Bi2WO6/halloysite nanotubes photocatalyst towards water purification: a support effect on in situ construction and electron–hole separation
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Jin Xu , Yang Mengjuan , Zhao Ximeng , Ding Shanshan , Wang Bin , Li Xiuyan 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this research work, a reusable and efficient 2D/1D heterogeneous structured photocatalyst based on amine-functionalized halloysite nanotubes (MHNTs) and Bi2WO6 nanosheet (BWO) was prepared using a facile hydrothermal method for decomposing PPCPs under simulated sunlight. On the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH), the effects of composite catalysts prepared under various conditions were discussed. The results showed that over BWO/MHNTs with a mass ratio was 3:1, the synthesizing temperature was 120 °C and the precursor pH value was 1, the TCH (10 mg l−1) degradation efficiency reached 100% after 1 h irradiation of simulated sunlight. Moreover, BWO/MHNTs composites kept good recovery and stable photocatalytic activity after 5 cycles. The excellent dispersion of Bi2WO6 on the surface of clay minerals and the oxygen vacancy enhanced electron–hole separation may be responsible for the its high activity and stability. Futhermore, the radical capture test demonstrated that ·O−
2 was primarily responsible for the photodegradation of TCH. Thus, BWO/MHNTs composites exhibit a good application prospect in the field of sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation towards PPCPs pollutants in water.