bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Political Economy of Transatlantic Security – A Policy Perspective
Authors: Becker Jordan , Kuokštytė Ringailė , Kuokštis Vytautas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article reviews the broad political economy literature on transatlantic security, while noting applications to the current challenges ranging from burden-sharing to enlargement to NATO/EU relations, all in the context of renewed state-centric threats to allies emanating from Russia in particular. Thinking about the policy practicalities of transatlantic security has interested scholars and practitioners since the early days of the post-WWII international order. The “O” in NATO emerged as an international “organization” in many ways to address the economic challenges posed by a defense investment imbalance, wherein the US assumed the largest share. This collective action problem and the concomitant burden-sharing challenges merit yet another consideration given a deteriorating security environment in Europe and globally. We discuss a variety of influences that shape the ability of the transatlantic community to invest in defense, while also highlighting the role of recent empirical developments, notably, NATO’s prospective enlargement and the EU’s policy initiatives in the defense field. The discussion lays groundwork for a broader approach to transatlantic security, that is, beyond the canonical understanding of the collective action problem, and stresses a policy perspective that encourages thinking about levers by which burden-sharing arrangements can be adjusted to deal with unfavourable dynamics of defense investment.
Mediator structure and function in transcription initiation
Authors: Rengachari Srinivasan , Schilbach Sandra , Cramer Patrick 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy have led to multiple structures of Mediator in complex with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription initiation machinery. As a result we now hold in hands near-complete structures of both yeast and human Mediator complexes and have a better understanding of their interactions with the Pol II pre-initiation complex (PIC). Herein, we provide a summary of recent achievements and discuss their implications for future studies of Mediator and its role in gene regulation.
Improvement of power quality by using novel controller for hybrid renewable energy sources based microgrid
Authors: Deepak Karanam , Mandal Rajib Kumar , Verma Vimlesh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Due to the intermittence of renewable sources, reliable customer service is not guaranteed unless hybrid-energy systems emerged with energy storage is employed together with an appropriate energy management system (EMS). Usually integrating different renewable energy sources can able to supply a reliable power to consumers. In this paper, an efficient EMS for a four-wire, 1000 kW Microgrid system is presented. The studied system consists of three wind farms and three solar plants with a central link to battery banks, an electrolyzer, and a fuel-cell system. A hybrid optimization algorithm is adapted to track the maximum power of PV arrays under variable weather and partial shading conditions. The tracking algorithm merges the benefits of the Whale Optimization and Perturb-and-Observe (P&O) technique. To track the maximum available power of wind plants, a P&O algorithm is established by calculating the proper duty cycle of a boost dc/dc converter that regulates the load current. A TS-Fuzzy-based controller for the inverter is applied to provide an acceptable power quality level associated with the battery bank, electrolyzer, and fuel cell. The suggested inverter controllers provide multi tasks such as reactive power compensator, voltage regulator under unbalanced loads, and active filter. The validity of the proposed system is verified via Extensive Hardware-in-Loop (HIL).
Comparing between steady-state excitonic transitions and ultrafast polaronic photoexcitations in layered perovskites: the role of electron–phonon interaction
Authors: Yan Pingyuan , Li Tao , Zhou Haoxiang , Hu Shu , Xiang Chenhong , Zhang Yang , Wang Chengqiang , Wu Zihan , Li Heng , Zhao Haibin , Sheng ChuanXiang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We have studied four 2D layered perovskites, including OA2PbI4 (RP phase), ODAPbI4 and BDAPbI4 (DJ phase), (GA)MAPbI4 (ACI phase), where OA is [(C
m
H2m+1)NH3](m = 8), ODA is [NH3(CH2)
m
NH3](m = 8), BDA is [NH3(CH2)
m
NH3](m = 4), and GA is [C(NH2)3]; RP, DJ, and ACI means Ruddlesden–Popper, Dion–Jacobson and alternating cations in the interlayer, respectively. The temperature dependence of absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra have been measured. From which the average phonon energy (electron-phonon interaction strength) is analyzed as around 34 (80), 47 (184), 50 (402), and 63 (758) with the unit of meV for OA2PbI4, ODAPbI4, BDAPbI4, and (GA)MAPbI4, respectively. Larger phonon energy indicates the involvement of more phonons in organic spacer layer, with the corresponding stronger electron-phonon interaction. Furthermore, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy proves that, when the excitation photon energy is serval hundred meV higher than bandgap, the excitons still are the major photoexcitations in OA2PbI4, but polarons are major one in ODAPbI4, BDAPbI4, and (GA)MAPbI4 films, no matter the excitonic transitions dominate the absorption at their band edges. This work proves the organic spacers can regulate electron–phonon interaction then optoelectronic properties in 2D perovskites profoundly, which have implications toward future rational design for relevant devices.
For THEY do not know what THEY are doing
Authors: Haubner Roland 
Published: April 2023

Summary
This article tries to work out how scientific data are generated and what causes lead to incorrect data. For this purpose, interactions between humans, computers and machines are analyzed. The handling of incorrect data that has already been published must also be clarified. The final, ethical question is: to what extent are people responsible for their actions if their decisions are shaped by incorrect data that are scientifically proven?
Negation and Verb-Movement in Romance: New Perspectives on Jespersen’s Cycle
Authors: Ledgeway Adam , Schifano Norma 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this article we bring to light one additional factor underlying so-called Jespersen’s Cycle (JC) in Romance which has to date gone unnoticed, namely the varying position of the finite verb within the IP. More specifically, we show that there exists an empirical correlation between the availability of clause-medial/high verb-movement and Stages II–III of JC in which a postverbal negator is licensed. Drawing on novel data, we demonstrate that this correlation holds not only across modern Romance varieties, but also across early varieties. Formally, we explain this link between negation and verb-movement from the (in)active status of the T-domain and the consequent (im)possibility of donating a [Neg] feature to the lowerv-VP domain. Although verb-movement in itself is not a sufficient condition to trigger a shift towards Stages II–III negation, we argue that it is a necessary one, a fact which explains the peculiar distribution of negation strategies across the Romània.
The aerodynamic performance degradation analysis of a small high bypass turbofan engine compression system with fan rotor blade leading edge erosion
Authors: Shi Lei , Jiang Ruilin , Huang Chenlei , Guo Shuhan , Chen Guoshun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The entire compression system of DGEN380 was selected to study the degradation of aerodynamic characteristics caused by erosion of the leading edge. Numerical simulations under different degrees of leading edge erosion were performed. It was found that the leading edge erosion causes a significant decrease in operability from 70 % of the blade height to the tip, and mainly affects the subsequent flow field in the bypass. At 90 % of blade height, the isentropic efficiency and total pressure ratio of the blade with leading edge erosion are reduced compared to the origin blade. Afterwards, the thrust equation was introduced to analyze the effect of leading edge erosion on the thrust loss under different operating conditions of the aircraft. Among the three operating conditions, the thrust loss rate of the cruise condition was the largest, which provided a reference for the subsequent evaluation of the blade repair condition.
Molecular and functional properties of human Plasmodium falciparum CSP C‐terminus antibodies
Authors: Oludada Opeyemi Ernest , Costa Giulia , Burn Aschner Clare , Obraztsova Anna S , Prieto Katherine , Canetta Caterina , Hoffman Stephen L , Kremsner Peter G , Mordmüller Benjamin , Murugan Rajagopal , Julien Jean‐Philippe , Levashina Elena A , Wardemann Hedda 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHuman monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the central repeat and junction domain of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) have been studied extensively to guide malaria vaccine design compared to antibodies against the PfCSP C terminus. Here, we describe the molecular characteristics and protective potential of 73 germline and mutated human mAbs against the highly immunogenic PfCSP C‐terminal domain. Two mAbs recognized linear epitopes in the C‐terminal linker with sequence similarity to repeat and junction motifs, whereas all others targeted conformational epitopes in the α‐thrombospondin repeat (α‐TSR) domain. Specificity for the polymorphic Th2R/Th3R but not the conserved RII+/CS.T3 region in the α‐TSR was associated with IGHV3‐21/IGVL3‐21 or IGLV3‐1 gene usage. Although the C terminus specific mAbs showed signs of more efficient affinity maturation and class‐switching compared to anti‐repeat mAbs, live sporozoite binding and inhibitory activity was limited to a single C‐linker reactive mAb with cross‐reactivity to the central repeat and junction. The data provide novel insights in the human anti‐C‐linker and anti‐α‐TSR antibody response that support exclusion of the PfCSP C terminus from malaria vaccine designs.
The evolution in pituitary tumour classification: a clinical perspective
Authors: Lenders Nele F , Earls Peter E , Inder Warrick J , McCormack Ann I 
Published: April 2023

Objective
Pituitary tumours comprise a pathologically and clinically diverse group of neoplasms. Classification frameworks have changed dramatically in the past two decades, reflecting improving understanding of tumour biology. This narrative review examines the evolution of pituitary tumour classification, from a clinical perspective.

Results
In 2004, pituitary tumours were classified as ‘typical’ or ‘atypical’, based on the presence of markers of proliferation, Ki67, mitotic count and p53. In 2017, the new WHO marked a major paradigm shift, with a new focus on lineage-based classification, determined by transcription factor and hormonal immunohistochemistry. The terms ‘typical’ and ‘atypical’ were omitted, though the importance of proliferative markers Ki67 and mitotic count was acknowledged. The recent WHO 2022 classification incorporates further refinements, specifically recognising some less common types that may represent less well-differentiated tumours. Whilst ‘high risk’ tumour types have been identified, further work is still required to improve prognostication.

Conclusions
Recent WHO classifications have marked significant progress in the diagnostic evaluation of pituitary tumours, though shortcomings and challenges remain for both clinicians and pathologists in managing these tumours.
Coaching in the System of Professional Training of Future Masters of Primary Education During the Period Under Martial Law
Authors: Tsiuniak Oksana , Kopchuk-Kashetska Mariia , Dovbenko Svitlana 
Published: April 2023

This article highlights the relevance of the problem of using coaching in the professional training of future masters of primary education under martial law. Theoretical analysis of scientific sources on comprehension of the definitions of "coaching" and "pedagogical coaching" is carried out; the essence, purpose, and tasks are revealed. It is noted that the purpose of pedagogical coaching is to reveal the potential for improvement of the expected learning outcomes, development of critical and logical thinking, formation of mobility, independence in decision-making, the desire for self-development, self-learning, and success in future professional activities among higher education students.
It has been found that the introduction of coaching in the system of professional training of future masters of primary education will serve the process of training competitive and competent specialists with formed values, beliefs, and priority goals. They are capable of making both personal and professional independent decisions and generating new ideas. This method also helps master's students to develop appropriate self-esteem and academic stress resistance. This is the basis of educational and cognitive activity in the conditions of wartime.
It is concluded that coaching belongs to innovative technologies of professional education; it is a powerful tool for personal and professional growth for future masters of primary education; it is a technology for organizing scientific and pedagogical research that promotes the implementation of a student-centered approach in higher education institutions based on trust, partnership, and mutual respect. It is also important to provide a comprehensive rather than fragmentary implementation of coaching to achieve the aims of professional education, improve its quality, and establish cooperative subject-subject relations between professors and students.
Model of the Development of Creative Thinking Primary School Students in the Process of Extracurricular Work
Authors: Bilier Oksana , Vasko Olha 
Published: April 2023

The article considers the possibilities of modeling based on which a model of the development of creative thinking primary school students in the process of extracurricular work is theoretically justified and developed, which has three components: the first component is the parts of creative thinking, namely: creative imagination, the ability to speak new and associative and figurative thinking. The second component is the methods of development creative thinking, within the scope of the study they were defined as: educational and developmental methods, motivational methods and creative and productive methods. The third component is pedagogical conditions for the development of creative thinking. Pedagogical conditions included: activation of creative activity, which is realized through the activation of thinking, creative imagination, observation of each student; giving the teacher freedom of action to demonstrate his creative abilities while performing tasks aimed at developing creativity; the introduction of game moments that motivate the creative activity of students, give an opportunity to be realized in a more favorable, psychologically positive atmosphere; the ability to create a sense of satisfaction and joy from success in students, the development of creativity; creation of an art space: a classroom, relaxation art corners, a hobby workshop, a gallery of student creativity; the use of innovative technologies in the process of extracurricular activities, for example, project activities.
It was determined that in accordance with the characterized pedagogical conditions, it is appropriate to use certain groups of methods: educational and developmental, aimed at identifying the creative potential of students and directing it to the formation of creativity structural components; motivational, which should interest students in the process of learning about the new, unknown, actualize knowledge bases, promote active creativity in the process of extracurricular activities; creative and productive, which summarize the mastered material, reflect the quality and level of specific knowledge, skills and abilities acquired in the lessons; creative learning methods, which include those that are traditionally intuitive: brainstorming, empathy, etc.
It’s confirmed that within the framework of the implementation of this model, the main task of the teacher is to manage the processes of creative search: creating a situation of creative activity of primary school students, developing their imagination, associative thinking, the ability to understand patterns, the desire to constantly improve, to solve more and more complex creative problems.
Development of Communicative Competence of Future Special Education Teachers
Authors: Kachak Tetiana , Blyznyuk Tetyana 
Published: April 2023

The article highlights the peculiarities of the development of communicative competence of future teachers of special education in the context of their professional training. It is noted that communicative competence is a mandatory component of a teacher's professional skills, a clue to efficient interaction with students, and effective educational activities. Its structure includes language, speech and communicative competence. It has been proven that the key to the active and effective development of the communicative competence of future special education teachers, including speech therapists and correctional teachers, is the active use of effective methods and techniques aimed at forming knowledge of language norms and rules, rhetorical culture, speech and communication skills in various situations. Such knowledge, abilities and skills are formed in the process of studying the courses "Academic Rhetoric" and "Foreign language for professional purposes" while listening to and analyzing speeches, conversations, discussions and interviews with specialists; performing role-playing games and analysis of communicative situations; practicing the storytelling method; expressive reading and recitation of works; analysis and texts editing; preparation and delivery of speeches; development of methodological models, selection and creation of exercises and tasks for the formation of students’ coherent, correct, logical, expedient, expressive, figurative speech skills.
As a result of the empirical study, it was confirmed that the method based on the step-by-step development of communicative competence of future teachers is effective. In particular, it is about studying language material and enriching the active dictionary with professional vocabulary; improvement of monologic and dialogic speech, oral and written comprehension skills; mastering the norms of speech culture; active communicative activity and interaction in different situations with different target groups - students, parents of students, and colleagues.
In vitro cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of Litsea monopetala: a medicinal plant
Authors: Amin Mohammad Nurul 
Published: April 2023

The present study was conducted to assess the cytotoxicity, thrombolytic, anthelmintic and antioxidant activity of mehanolic extract of Litsea monopetala (Family: Lauraceae) leaves in laboratory using in vitro methods. Cytotoxicity test was done by brine shrimp lethality bioassay where the extract concentration was 400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125, 1.5625, 0.78125 (µg/ml). In vitro thrombolytic activity of Litsea monopetala was performed by clot lysis method using extract concentration 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 (mg/mL) in saline water. Anthelmintic activity test was done by using adult earthworms where 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 (mg/ml) extract concentration were used. Finally antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolic content determination using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The Litsea monopetala extract showed cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii and LC50 value was 41.05(µg/ml) and the investigated thrombolytic activity in our research was 9.52, 9.49, 13.64 and 17.50 % respectively as % of clot lysis. The paralysis time were at 76.75 min, 60 min, 51.75 min, 44.5 min and 64.5 min and death were at 90.50min, 63.75min, 55.50min, 44.75min and 71min. respectively. The Litsea monopetala extract displayed significant antioxidant activity which was 20.75 (mg of GAE / gm) of extracts. The activities observed could be attributed to presence of some of the phytochemicals which have been related with cytotoxic, thrombolytic, anthelmintic and antioxidant property.
Medical construction of midwifery. Representations and practices
Authors: Montes María Jesús 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To describe how discourse has been constructed regarding parturition (delivery) and the need for medical intervention in Spain.
Methodology. This was a qualitative study. Interviews were conducted with seven midwives who practiced in Cataluña (Spain) during the middle of the last century. Their opinions were compared to medical discourse gathered from research published in the Spanish Journal on Obstetrics and Gynecology (Revista Española de Obstetricia y Ginecología) between 1954 and 1960.
Results. Against the normality of the evolution of most parturitions reported by the stories of the midwives, in medical definitions these appear as problematic or altered in their duration and by the presence of pain, justifying their systematic interventions; although the aforementioned poses a risk for women and their offspring. As a result, the discourse defining most deliveries as pathological is reaffirmed.
Conclusion. The medical system constructed midwifery as a surgical process. Women are engaged in other more realistic constructions in agreement to their needs. Care at birth is perceived as a cultural construction and, hence, susceptible to change.
Menstruation in history.
Authors: Gomez Pio Ivan , Pardo Yaira Yohanna , Hernandez Helena Patricia , Jimenez Sandra Patricia , Pardo Juan Carlos 
Published: April 2023

Objective. To review historical constructs on menstruation.
Methodology. Non-systematic review of the literature complemented with consultations with national academic authorities.
Results. Menstruation is an experience that involves women and their social group, becoming a relevant event. Treatment of menstrual symptoms is linked to the cultural context in which it is developed. The menstruation experience varies according to popular beliefs, cultural characteristics, and information received to this respect within the social group where the woman is. Menstruation exceeds the imaginary that places it only within the feminine setting; It is a process that involves the social group, inasmuch as it has psycho-social and cultural implications.
Conclusion. A relationship exists between menstruation, as a biological event, and the social processes per se, influenced by the historical beliefs that have been transmitted generation after generation.
THE ADAPTATION PROCESS OF BREAST CANCER WOMEN
Authors: Londoño Calle Yenly Catherine 
Published: April 2023

Objective: discover the process of adaptation to their new life conditions and state of health within a sociocultural context.
Methodology: qualitative study supported in the Founded Theory by means of in depth interviews to a sample of twenty resident women who received treatment for breast cancer in the city of Medellín, Colombia from 2005 to 2007.
Results: the reach of the analysis allowed establishing a conceptual order, showing a process of adaptation in four stages, denominated thus: 1. Discovering the disease, 2. Accepting the disease, 3. Overcoming disease, and 4. Adapting to a new body and a new life.
Conclusions: the adaptation of the breast cancer women with breast cancer is a complex process because they must face continuously the multiple imbalances that affect their emotional, physical, mental and social dimensions