bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating flood events at the Twin Ports of Duluth-Superior using a linked hydrologic-hydrodynamic framework
Authors: Fitzpatrick Lindsay , Titze Daniel , Anderson Eric J. , Beletsky Dmitry , Kelley John G. W. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGenerally, ports in the North American Great Lakes are not supported with navigational guidance (water level, water temperature, currents, ice) by NOAA’s Great Lakes Operational Forecast System (GLOFS). To examine the benefit of extending model coverage to this critical infrastructure, a linked hydrologic-hydrodynamic framework was developed for the Twin Ports of Duluth-Superior in western Lake Superior, and tested over three case studies of flooding due to storm surge and/or river flooding. Streamflow from 22 National Water Model (NWM) simulated and 3 gauged inflows within the domain was injected into a hydrodynamic model built on the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM), with a wet-dry grid that covered the harbor and surrounding floodplain. Model results from flood simulations compared well against time-series of water level and streamflow at gauges within the harbor, with root mean square error (RMSE) and bias values small relative to the typical fluctuations. Inclusion of NWM-simulated tributaries improved the accuracy of modeled water levels in the harbor, and increased simulated current speeds in navigational channels by up to 0.5 ms−1. Modeled inundation extent in the floodplain closely matched flood extent surveys conducted in response to a record flood event in 2012, demonstrating the capability of the modeling framework to provide flood guidance in the complex coastal setting.
Major carbon losses from degradation of Mauritia flexuosa peat swamp forests in western Amazonia
Authors: Hergoualc’h Kristell , van Lent Jeffrey , Dezzeo Nelda , Verchot Louis V. , van Groenigen Jan Willem , López Gonzales Mariela , Grandez-Rios Julio 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTropical peat swamp forests are major global carbon (C) stores highly vulnerable to human intervention. In Peruvian Amazonia, palm swamps, the prevalent peat ecosystem, have been severely degraded through recurrent cutting of Mauritia flexuosa palms for fruit harvesting. While this can transform these C sinks into significant sources, the magnitude of C fluxes in natural and disturbed conditions remains unknown. Here, we estimated emissions from degradation along a gradient comprising undegraded (Intact), moderately degraded (mDeg) and heavily degraded (hDeg) palm swamps. C stock changes above- and below-ground were calculated from biomass inventories and peat C budgets resulting from the balance of C outputs (heterotrophic soil respiration (Rh), dissolved C exports), C inputs (litterfall, root mortality) and soil CH4 emissions. Fluxes spatiotemporal dynamics were monitored (bi)monthly over 1–3 years. The peat budgets (Mg C ha−1 year−1) revealed that medium degradation reduced by 88% the soil sink capacity (from − 1.6 ± 1.3 to − 0.2 ± 0.8 at the Intact and mDeg sites) while high degradation turned the soil into a high source (6.2 ± 0.7 at the hDeg site). Differences stemmed from degradation-induced increased Rh (5.9 ± 0.3, 6.2 ± 0.3, and 9.0 ± 0.3 Mg C ha−1 year−1 at the Intact, mDeg, and hDeg sites) and decreased C inputs (8.3 ± 1.3, 7.1 ± 0.8, and 3.6 ± 0.7 Mg C ha−1 year−1 at the same sites). The large total loss rates (6.4 ± 3.8, 15.7 ± 3.8 Mg C ha−1 year−1 under medium and high degradation), originating predominantly from biomass changes call for sustainable management of these peatlands.
Normative Beliefs and Aggression: The Mediating Roles of Empathy and Anger
Authors: Swit Cara S , Harty Seth C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This study examined a two-mediator model with both empathy and anger as mediators in the association between children’s normative beliefs about aggression and forms (relational and physical) and functions (reactive and proactive) of aggressive behavior. Ninety-eight children (54% males, M

age
=46.21months, SD = 8.84months) reported their approval of relationally and physically aggressive behaviors depicted in iconic (animation) and enactive (toy figurines) hypothetical scenarios. Children’s aggression, empathy and anger were measured using teacher reports. No main effects of normative beliefs about aggression on the corresponding aggressive behavior were found. Normative beliefs about aggression were negatively associated with empathy and empathy was significantly associated with relational aggression, suggesting that developing social emotional processes mediate the relation between social cognitions and aggression. Anger was associated with aggression, but not normative beliefs about aggression. The findings provide support for the distinction between subtypes of aggressive behavior in young children and the developing social-cognitive and affective processes that influence these behaviors.
Effect of three cycles of recurrent selection for yield in four Spanish landraces of maize
Authors: Ordás Bernardo , Malvar Rosa A. , Revilla Pedro , Ordás Amando 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLandraces of maize (Zea mays L.) have a variability not found in the elite hybrids due to the bottleneck during selection. There is a renewed interest in using that variability, incorporating alleles for specific traits, or widening the general variability of elite germplasm. In Europe, there is also an interest in the direct use of local landraces by farmer’s associations seeking agriculture that preserves crop diversity. Pre-breeding programs are aimed to reduce the yield gap among landraces and improved materials. In the Misión Biológica de Galicia we have carried out three cycles of a S1 recurrent selection program for yield on four local landraces from Northwestern Spain with the objective of obtaining improved populations that might be cultivated by farmers and that could be used as sources of superior inbred lines. One hundred plants were selfed in each landrace and the S1 families were evaluated in a 10 × 10 simple lattice. The 20 S1 families with the highest grain yields were randomly intercrossed to form the selected population of each landrace. After three cycles of selection, each population and its cycles of selection were evaluated in three locations for two years. All the populations had a consistent yield gain in the first cycle of selection. However, the response in later cycles differed among the populations: one population had a continuous increase of 21% per cycle while two populations had a reduced yield in the last cycles. Our results highlight the need to include secondary traits to avoid unintentional indirect effects. We conclude that, in pre-breeding programs, it could be worthy to use large effective numbers to prevent inbreeding depression, particularly when the objective is the direct use of improved landraces. Another conclusion is that recurrent selection does not seem to be as efficient on European germplasm as it is on Corn Belt varieties. Finally, obtaining valuable new germplasm requires a sustained, long-term effort.
Perspectives on Self-Disclosure of HIV Status among HIV-Infected Adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khan Rabia , Garman Emily C. , Sorsdahl Katherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHIV self-disclosure is an important challenge affecting the physical and psychological health of adolescents living with HIV. The study’s aim was to explore the perspectives of HIV-infected adolescents on self-disclosure. Using purposive sampling, 20 adolescents aged 12–19 years were recruited from a HIV care clinic at a tertiary hospital in Harare, Zimbabwe. All were vertically-infected with HIV (HIV transmitted from mother). In depth interviews were conducted to determine participants’ views and experiences of self-disclosure. Interviews were analysed using the framework approach to identify main codes and themes relating to self-disclosure. Adolescents identified stigma and discrimination from peers, as well as lack of HIV knowledge as important barriers to status disclosure. They suggested that community resources such as support groups, media and religion assist them in the disclosure process. HIV status self-disclosure is a challenging task for adolescents, which is affected by individual, interpersonal and social factors. These must be borne in mind to assist with disclosure and facilitate the wellbeing of HIV-positive adolescents.
The Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Investigate the Association Between Maternal Food Insecurity and Fetal Structural Anomalies: Delphi Procedure and Pilot Study
Authors: Zaçe Drieda , Hoxhaj Ilda , Pasciuto Tina , Diakanthos Maria , Beccia Flavia , Di Pietro Maria Luisa , De Santis Marco 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Food insecurity represents a public health issue that has been associated with poor birth outcomes. We describe the methodological steps followed to structure and validate a questionnaire, which has the potential to contribute to the planning and conduction of future studies investigating the possible association between maternal food insecurity and fetal structural anomalies.

Methods
We first conducted a literature review to structure and validate the questionnaire. Subsequently, we drafted the questionnaire based on the results of this review, further refined through two focus groups. Afterward, the questionnaire was submitted using the Delphi Method to a panel of experts for validation. We conducted a pilot study prior to recruiting the final sample.

Results
The questionnaire consisted of sections covering information about socio-demographic characteristics, women’s health and lifestyle, pregnancy, and food security status. After the first Delphi round, the Content Validity Index (CVI) for each section ranged 0.81–0.85, while after the second round all items had a CVI of 1. The final version of the questionnaire, consisting of 87 items, was pilot tested among 20 participants. Cronbach’s Alpha for each section resulted in values higher than 0.6. The response rate ranged from 78 to 100%. A situation of food security was present in 85% of the participants, while 5% were in a situation of mild food insecurity and 10% of moderate food insecurity.

Conclusion
The questionnaire has appropriate measurement properties, and is an adequate instrument to evaluate the association between maternal food insecurity and fetal structural anomalies.
Hybrid Imbalance: Collaborative Fabrication of Digital Teaching and Learning Material
Authors: Cress Torsten , Kalthoff Herbert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDigitization of schools has increased significantly in recent years and is generating a massive innovation boost in education. This development is accompanied by an increased demand for new digital educational objects for schools. The resources required for creating such objects (expert knowledge from teaching contexts versus technological knowledge and infrastructures) are distributed among different groups of actors from digital economy and educational practice. Therefore, the production of such new objects requires new forms of cooperation in the education sector. This article discusses such a hybrid collaboration between a software developer and the teachers of two pilot schools for the creation of interactive learning software. We examine this collaborative relationship in light of different bodies of knowledge that both groups of actors bring to the relationship and that need to be reconciled. We also examine the ways in which the organizational boundaries between schools and companies are temporarily blurred, and the distribution of costs and benefits between the participating groups of actors. By looking at the various dimensions of the cooperative commercial production of these digital objects as well as their (prototypical) experimental stage, the paper analyses the digital transformation of teaching as an innovative social process, structured by economic and educational rationalities.
Network patterns of university-industry collaboration: A case study of the chemical sciences in Australia
Authors: Gallagher Colin , Lusher Dean , Koskinen Johan , Roden Bopha , Wang Peng , Gosling Aaron , Polyzos Anastasios , Stenzel Martina , Hegarty Sarah , Spurling Thomas , Simpson Gregory 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUniversity–industry (U–I) collaboration takes on many forms, from research services, teaching and training, to curiosity-led research. In the chemical industries, academic chemists generate new knowledge, address novel problems faced by industry, and train the future workforce in cutting-edge methods. In this study, we examine the dynamic structures of collaborative research contracts and grants between academic and industry partners over a 5-year period within a research-intensive Australian university. We reconstruct internal contract data provided by a university research office as records of its collaborations into a complex relational database that links researchers to research projects. We then structure this complex relational data as a two-mode network of researcher-project collaborations for utilisation with Social Network Analysis (SNA)—a relational methodology ideally suited to relational data. Specifically, we use a stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM), a statistical network model for longitudinal two-mode network data. Although the dataset is complicated, we manage to replicate it exactly using a very parsimonious and relatable network model. Results indicate that as academics gain experience, they become more involved in direct research contracts with industry, and in research projects more generally. Further, more senior academics are involved in projects involving both industry partners and other academic partners of any level. While more experienced academics are also less likely to repeat collaborations with the same colleagues, there is a more general tendency in these collaborations, regardless of academic seniority or industry engagement, for prior collaborations to predict future collaborations. We discuss implications for industry and academics.
Insights from the co-authorship network of the Italian academic statisticians
Authors: Bacci Silvia , Bertaccini Bruno , Petrucci Alessandra 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNowadays, new technologies have favored communication among scholars from different universities and countries, and huge amount of data and scientific works have become more and more accessible. This has led to an increase in the multidisciplinarity of research products, but often also to a more specialized level of knowledge of the scholars. Therefore, while belonging to the same disciplinary field, scholars may present different working styles and willingness to collaborate according to their specific topics of interest. This plays a particularly relevant role in Italy, where tenured scholars in academic institutions are classified in sub-fields that, in turn, may be aggregated for purposes of recruitment and career advancement. Aim of this contribution is to propose a methodological approach to understand if the work and collaborative style of academic scholars belonging to different sub-fields is really so similar as to justify their grouping. For illustrative purposes, we focus on the co-authorship network of Italian academic statisticians relying on the database of scientific works published since 1990 until 2021 and downloaded by SCOPUS. From this database, we obtain a network composed of 758 nodes and 1730 edges. Some network measures at node level representing the work and collaborative style of scholars (i.e., number of publications, degree, degree strength, some centrality indices, transitivity, and external-internal index) are explained through quantile regression models. Results provide policy makers with useful insights on which sub-fields present significant differences in terms of research interests and collaborative style, thus not justifying their aggregation for recruitment and career advancement purposes.
On the lack of women researchers in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal , Larivière Vincent 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent gender policies in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have improved legal equality for women with noticeable effects in some countries. The implications of these policies on science, however, are not well-understood. This study applies a bibliometric lens to describe the landscape of gender disparities in scientific research in MENA. Specifically, we examine 1.7 million papers indexed in the Web of Science published by 1.1 million authors from MENA between 2008 and 2020. We used bibliometric indicators to analyze potential disparities between men and women in the share of authors, research productivity, and seniority in authorship. The results show that gender parity is far from being achieved in MENA. Overall, men authors obtain higher representation, research productivity, and seniority. But some countries stand out: Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Algeria and Egypt have higher shares of women researchers compared to the rest of MENA countries. The UAE, Qatar, and Jordan have shown progress in terms of women participation in science, but Saudi Arabia lags behind. We find that women are more likely to stop publishing than men and that men publish on average between 11 and 51% more than women, with this gap increasing over time. Finally, men, on average, achieved senior positions in authorship faster than women. Our longitudinal study contributes to a better understanding of gender disparities in science in MENA which is catching up in terms of policy engagement and women representation. However, the results suggest that the effects of the policy changes have yet to materialize into distinct improvements in women’s participation and performance in science.
Behind the curtains of academic publishing: strategic responses of economists and business scholars
Authors: Scheidegger Fabian , Briviba Andre , Frey Bruno S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBibliometric measurements are becoming omnipresent and crucially important for academic career decisions. The measured criteria induce strong incentives to align academics’ time and efforts. Based on a survey of economics and business scholars in German-speaking countries, this article empirically explores the interactions between scientific journal metrics and the behavior of authors in the publishing process. The impact different types of pressure have on their decisions is emphasized. In line with rational choice, authors generally move down in journal ranking as they resubmit their papers. While the process is highly influenced by random elements, the Scimago journal rank provides the best fit to researcher’s behavior. Doctoral students initially submit to lower ranked journals compared to higher academic positions, which is likely due to the time pressure they face. The empirical findings improve our understanding of strategic responses in the scientific publishing process. Qualified lotteries, along with other propositions, are suggested to mitigate adverse responses by academics.
Interactions of hydrology, geochemistry, and biodiversity in woodland ponds located in riverine floodplains: case study from Scotland
Authors: Krivtsov Vladimir , Buckman Jim , Birkinshaw Steve , Olive Valerie 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Gore Glen pond is located in the forested floodplain of the Gore River, in the Mid-Lothian region near Edinburgh, Scotland. This work has considered in detail the hydrology, hydrochemistry, and biodiversity of the pond together with all their interactions and in addition interactions with the adjacent Gore River. It is important as it is one of few studies considering all these issues for a pond located in a riverine floodplain. This work shows the pond is connected to the Gore River for discharge events in the river larger than a 1 in 5-year return period. For these events, the pond acts as an online storage feature and will attenuate the flow, thus contributing towards the mitigation of downstream flooding. These large events are also a potential source of the large amount of sediments, as well as adsorbed chemicals, accumulated in the pond. The open water surface of the pond is covered by duckweed, Lemna minor, for most of the year, and that has profound implications for the hydrobiological community and biogeochemical cycling. The system is characterised by nutrient release from sediments due to the extensive hypolimnion anoxia in the summer/autumn period caused by the decomposition of organic matter. Algae are mostly represented by epiphytic diatoms and the cyanobacterium Microcystis, but their development appears to be constrained by light penetration. The eutrophic conditions are also conducive for the population of Difflugia (Protozoa, Rhizopoda). This work improves our understanding of the ecological relations of testate amoebae—an important group which has recently been used as biological indicators for the analysis of paleoecological relationships and paleogeographical reconstructions.
Nanoformulations with exopolysaccharides from cyanobacteria: enhancing the efficacy of bioactive molecules in the Mediterranean fruit fly control
Authors: Falsini Sara , Rosi Marzia Cristiana , Ravegnini Elia , Schiff Silvia , Gonnelli Cristina , Papini Alessio , Adessi Alessandra , Urciuoli Silvia , Ristori Sandra 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The increasing demand for food has required intensive use of pesticides which are hazardous to the ecosystem. A valid alternative is represented by biopesticides; however, these molecules are often insoluble in water, and poorly bioavailable. Nanopesticides can be engineered to reach a selected target with controlled release of the active principle. In this work, capsaicin, an irritant alkaloid from hot chili peppers, and hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic compound obtained from extra-virgin olive oil by-products, were loaded into innovative nanocarriers. These were designed ad hoc combining exopolysaccharides from the cyanobacteria Neocyanospira capsulata, and a lipid component, i.e., egg phosphatidylcholine. The polysaccharide was chosen for chemical affinity with the chitin of insect exoskeleton, while the lipids were introduced to modulate the carrier rigidity. The newly formed nanosystems were characterized by physico-chemical techniques and tested for their possible use in pest control programs. The Mediterranean Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, 1824 (Diptera, Tephriditae), a pest of the Mediterranean Region causing high economic losses, was used as a model insect. We found that the nanoformulations nanocarriers prepared in this work, were able to increase the ovicidal effect of hydroxytyrosol. Moreover, the formulation encapsulating either hydroxytyrosol or capsaicin were able to reduce the number of females landing on treated apricots.

Graphical Abstract