bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response to the impact of COVID-19 by health professions education institutions in Africa: a case study on preparedness for remote learning and teaching
Authors: Chipamaunga Shalote , Nyoni Champion Nestai , Kagawa Mike Nantamu , Wessels Quenton , Kafumukache Elliot , Gwini Rudo , Kandawasvika Gwendoline , Katowa-Mukwato Patricia , Masanganise Rangarirai , Nyamakura Rudo , Nyawata Idah , Pretorius Louise , Dithole Kefalotse , Marimo Clemence , Mubuuke Aloysius Gonzaga , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , van der Merwe Lynette Jean , Prozesky Detlef 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Africa, like other parts of the world, continuously strives to deliver quality health professions education. These efforts are influenced to a larger extent by the socio-economic and cultural context of the region, but also by what happens globally. The global disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 necessitated the implementation of emergency remote teaching to continue delivering on the mandate of educating future health professionals. The purpose of this research was to describe the response of selected health professions education institutions in Southern Africa to the impact of COVID-19 and their preparedness for remote learning and teaching.

Methods
A case study design was applied using an adapted ADKAR model as a conceptual framework for data interpretation. The purposively selected study population consisted of educators, students, and administrators in undergraduate medical and nursing programmes from six institutions in five countries.

Results
A total of 1307 respondents provided data for the study. Many of the institutions were caught off-guard when most educators and almost all students were required to leave their universities and go home. Stakeholders immediately became aware of the need to adopt online approaches as an emergency measure. In all programmes, educators, students, and administrators agreed that change was desired, and students realised that they had to take charge of their own learning independently. Overall educators reported confidence in the ability to use of standard Microsoft software, while knowledge of learning management systems proved more challenging for both educators and students. Many stakeholders, especially students and administrators, reported uncertainty about their ability to function in the new reality. Conducive family dynamics, a quiet space to study, good connectivity, a reliable electricity supply and appropriate devices were reported to reinforce learning and teaching.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the need for higher education institutions to prepare for alternative modes to face-to-face learning and teaching approaches with the ultimate aim of transitioning to full online learning more expeditiously. This requires scaling up educational infrastructure, prioritising strategic directives driving continuous professional development of educators and fostering co-constructivist approaches towards student centered education.
Research utility and limitations of textual data in the National Violent Death Reporting System: a scoping review and recommendations
Authors: Dang Linh N. , Kahsay Eskira T. , James LaTeesa N. , Johns Lily J. , Rios Isabella E. , Mezuk Briana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Many studies of injury deaths rely on mortality data that contain limited contextual information about decedents. The National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) is unique among such data systems in that each observation includes both quantitative variables and qualitative texts (called “narratives”) abstracted from original source documents. These narratives provide rich data regarding salient circumstances that can be used to inform prevention efforts. This review provides a comprehensive summary of peer-reviewed research using NVDRS narratives over the past 20 years, including the limitations of these texts and provides recommendations on utilizing and improving narrative quality for researchers and practitioners.

Main body
Studies that used narratives to examine deaths related to suicide, homicide, undetermined intent, accidental firearm, or legal intervention were identified by a title/abstract screening, followed by a full-text review. The search was conducted on English-language, peer-reviewed literature and government reports published from 2002 to 2022 in PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Abstracted elements focused on the methodologies used to analyze the narratives, including approaches to explore potential biases in these texts. Articles were abstracted independently by two reviewers, with disagreements resolved through consensus discussion. During the 20-year period, 111 articles used narratives. Two-thirds studied suicide (n = 48, 43%) and homicides (n = 25, 23%). Most studies analyzed the narratives using manual review (n = 81, 73%) and keyword searches (n = 9, 8%), with only 6 (5%) using machine learning tools. Narratives were mainly used for case finding (n = 49, 44%) and characterization of circumstances around deaths (n = 38, 34%). Common challenges included variability in the narratives and lack of relevant circumstantial details for case characterization.

Conclusion
Although the use of narratives has increased over time, these efforts would be enhanced by detailed abstraction of circumstances with greater salience to injury research and prevention. Moreover, researchers and practitioners would benefit from guidance on integrating narratives with quantitative variables and standardized approaches to address variability in the completeness and length of narratives. Such efforts will increase the reliability of findings and set the stage for more widespread applications of data science methods to these texts.
Acquired hemophilia A developing in the perioperative period of pancreatoduodenectomy: a report of two cases
Authors: Kubo Hidemasa , Ashida Ryo , Ohgi Katsuhisa , Fukaya Masafumi , Umezaki Naoki , Yamada Mihoko , Otsuka Shimpei , Uesaka Katsuhiko , Sugiura Teiichi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare disease characterized by a prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and the production of coagulation factor VIII inhibitors. We encountered two cases of AHA in the perioperative period of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD).Case presentationCase 1: A 76-year-old woman with intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma developed acute cholecystitis 5 days before PD. Despite immediate improvement in her acute cholecystitis with biliary drainage and antibiotics, her aPTT level was prolonged (55.9 s). PD was performed as scheduled. On postoperative day (POD) 2, she developed intra-abdominal hemorrhaging that required reoperation. However, intra-abdominal bleeding and concomitant anemia persisted after reoperation. On POD 13, she was diagnosed with AHA based on the detection of an inhibitor of coagulation factor VIII. Despite hemostatic and immunosuppressive treatment, including massive blood transfusion, her general condition gradually worsened due to continuous bleeding and secondary infections. She ultimately died of multiple organ failure on POD 71.Case 2: An 82-year-old man received PD for distal cholangiocarcinoma. On POD 3, a small amount of blood via abdominal drainage was observed. On POD 4, his aPTT level was prolonged (61.5 s). On POD 8, subcutaneous hemorrhaging of the median wound was observed, and corticosteroids were administered under suspicion of AHA on POD 9. On POD 15, an inhibitor of FVIII was detected, and he was diagnosed with AHA. On POD 17, the aPTT level had normalized, and an inhibitor of FVIII was undetectable. On POD 41, he was discharged without any serious hemorrhagic events.ConclusionsAHA may be more frequent than previously reported. When unexplained prolonged aPTT or bleeding symptoms are observed, it is important to keep AHA in mind during the perioperative period of invasive surgery.
Vegetation as a key driver of the distribution of microbial generalists that in turn shapes the overall microbial community structure in the low Arctic tundra
Authors: Wong Shu-Kuan , Cui Yingshun , Chun Seong-Jun , Kaneko Ryo , Masumoto Shota , Kitagawa Ryo , Mori Akira S. , Lim An Suk , Uchida Masaki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the variability of microbial niches and their interaction with abiotic and biotic factors in the Arctic can provide valuable insights into microbial adaptations to extreme environments. This study investigates the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities obtained from sites with varying vegetation coverage and soil biogeochemical properties in the low Arctic tundra and explores how bacteria interact under different environmental parameters. Our findings reveal differences in bacterial composition and abundance among three bacterial niche breadths (specialists, common taxa, and generalists). Co-occurrence network analysis revealed Rhizobiales and Ktedonobacterales as keystone taxa that connect and support other microbes in the habitat. Low-elevation indicators, such as vascular plants and moisture content, were correlated with two out of three generalist modular hubs and were linked to a large proportion of generalists’ distribution (18%). Structural equation modeling revealed that generalists’ distribution, which influenced the remaining microbial communities, was mainly regulated by vegetation coverage as well as other abiotic and biotic factors. These results suggest that elevation-dependent environmental factors directly influence microbial community structure and module formation through the regulation of generalists’ distribution. Furthermore, the distribution of generalists was mainly affected by macroenvironment filtering, whereas the distribution of specialists was mainly affected by microenvironment filtering (species-engineered microbial niche construction). In summary, our findings highlight the strong top–down control exerted by vegetation on generalists’ distribution, which in turn shapes the overall microbial community structure in the low Arctic tundra.
Membership intermediaries: a study of pluri-generational mixed-status families in Italy and France
Authors: Bonizzoni Paola , Fresnoza-Flot Asuncion 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInsider family citizens—that is, people who, according to their nationality/legal status and the possession of crucial resources for the settlement of their relatives in a foreign context—occupy an especially important place within a wide and diversified set of family relationships. Drawing on qualitative interviews with migrant women and children in mixed-status families in Italy and France, we argue that they can act as ‘membership intermediaries’ towards migrant spouses and a wider set of kin. First, facilitating non-citizen relatives’ formal incorporation in receiving countries through the provision of specially privileged forms of legality. Second, providing various resources for migrants’ informal incorporation, including housing ownership, additional income, emotional, and cultural capital. Nonetheless, the ambivalent dependencies these processes trigger can become sources of contention, heightening gender and intergenerational power imbalances in the household.
Different muscle strategy during head/knee level of functional reaching-transporting task to decrease falling probability in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis
Authors: Hatami Marzie , Torkaman Giti , Ashtiani Mohammad Najafi , Mohebi Sanaz 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The reaching-transporting task as an essential daily activity impacts balance control and falling in older women. This study investigated the different muscle strategies during the head/knee level of the functional reaching-transporting task in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Methods
24 postmenopausal volunteers were classified into two groups based on the lumbar T-score: osteoporosis (≤ -2.5, n = 12) and non-osteoporosis (> –1, n = 12). Using a custom-designed device, participants randomly performed 12 reaching-transporting tasks at the head and knee levels. Electromyography signals were collected while reaching and transporting phases with a wireless system. The peak of the root means square (PRMS) and time to PRMS (TPRMS) were measured. In addition, the isometric muscle strength and the fear of falling were assessed.

Results
The isometric muscle strength in the osteoporotic group was significantly lower than in the non-osteoporotic group (P < 0.05), except for vastus lateralis (VL). The PRMS of VL, (P = 0.010) during the reaching phase and VL (P = 0.002) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) (P < 0.001) during transporting phase was greater than the non-osteoporotic group. The PRMS value of the muscles was greater for reaching-transporting at the knee level than the head level; this increase was significant just for VL and biceps femoris during the transporting phase (P = 0.036 and P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion
Osteoporotic women have more muscle activities during the reaching-transporting task, especially at the knee level, compared to the head level. Their muscle weakness may lead to insufficient stability during the task and cause disturbance and falling, which requires further investigation.
Development and validation of fear of hypoglycemia screener: results from the T1D exchange registry
Authors: Liu Jingwen , Poon Jiat-Ling , Bispham Jeoffrey , Perez-Nieves Magaly , Hughes Allyson , Chapman Katherine , Mitchell Beth , Hood Korey , Snoek Frank , Fisher Lawrence 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Fear of Hypoglycemia (FoH) in people with diabetes has a significant impact on their quality of life, psychological well-being, and self-management of disease. There are a few questionnaires assessing FoH in people living with diabetes, but they are more often used in research than clinical practice. This study aimed to develop and validate a short and actionable FoH screener for adults living with type 1 diabetes (T1D) for use in routine clinical practice.

Methods
We developed an initial screener based on literature review and, interviews with healthcare providers (HCPs) and people with T1D. We developed a cross-sectional web-based survey, which was then conducted to examine the reliability and validity of the screener. Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with diagnosis of T1D for ≥ 1 year were recruited from the T1D Exchange Registry (August–September 2020). The validation analyses were conducted using exploratory factor analyses, correlation, and multivariable regression models for predicting cut-off scores for the final screener.

Results
The final FoH screener comprised nine items assessing two domains, “worry” (6-items) and “avoidance behavior” (three items), in 592 participants. The FoH screener showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.88). The screener also demonstrated high correlations (r = 0.71–0.75) with the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey and moderate correlations with depression, anxiety, and diabetes distress scales (r = 0.44–0.66). Multivariable regression analysis showed that higher FoH screener scores were significantly associated with higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (b = 0.04) and number of comorbidities (b = 0.03).

Conclusions
This short FoH screener demonstrated good reliability and validity. Further research is planned to assess clinical usability to identify patients with FoH and assist effective HCP-patient conversations.
Estimation of stature in a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil using anthropometric measurements of the hands
Authors: Aragão José Aderval , do Sacramento Erick Mendonça , Marcelo Israel Santos , Aragão Iapunira Catarina Sant’Anna , Aragão Felipe Matheus Sant’Anna , Reis Francisco Prado 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Estimating or predicting stature, using fragments of the body or components of the human skeleton, for this purpose, originates from the idea of proportionality between the different parts of the body. The aim of this study is to estimate stature from anthropometric measurements of the hands (length and width). The sample consisted of 300 individuals from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil, 150 males and 150 females. All people from the quilombola community, enjoying good general health, were included, and those people who presented deformities of the hand, spine, and lower limbs were excluded.

Result
The correlation coefficients between stature and hand length values were positive and moderate. As for females, the correlation between stature and lengths of the right and left hands were respectively 0.574 (p < 0.0001) and 0.612 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
The measure that best correlated with stature in the quilombola community in northeastern Brazil was hand length for both sexes, with the highest correlation for females.
Machine learning based GNSS signal classification and weighting scheme design in the built environment: a comparative experiment
Authors: Li Lintong , Elhajj Mireille , Feng Yuxiang , Ochieng Washington Yotto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNone-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) signals denote Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals received indirectly from satellites and could result in unacceptable positioning errors. To meet the high mission-critical transportation and logistics demand, NLOS signals received in the built environment should be detected, corrected, and excluded. This paper proposes a cost-effective NLOS impact mitigation approach using only GNSS receivers. By exploiting more signal Quality Indicators (QIs), such as the standard deviation of pseudorange, Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N0), elevation and azimuth angle, this paper compares machine-learning-based classification algorithms to detect and exclude NLOS signals in the pre-processing step. The probability of the presence of NLOS is predicted using regression algorithms. With a pre-defined threshold, the signals can be classified as Line-of-Sight (LOS) or NLOS. The probability of the occurrence of NLOS is also used for signal subset selection and specification of a novel weighting scheme. The novel weighting scheme consists of both C/N0and elevation angle and NLOS probability. Experimental results show that the best LOS/NLOS classification algorithm is the random forest. The best QI set for NLOS classification is the first three QIs mentioned above and the difference of azimuth angle. The classification accuracy obtained from this proposed algorithm can reach 93.430%, with 2.810% false positives. The proposed signal classifier and weighting scheme improved the positioning accuracy by 69.000% and 40.700% in the horizontal direction, 79.361% and 75.322% in the vertical direction, and 75.963% and 67.824% in the 3D direction.
Precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with isolated skin relapse: a pediatric case report
Authors: Düzenli Kar Yeter , Özdemir Zeynep Canan , Töret Ersin , Yılmaz Evrim , Bör Özcan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
In childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), relapse is most commonly seen in the bone marrow (10–20%), followed by the central nervous system (3–8%). Isolated skin relapse is very rare in ALL. We report an 8-year-old child presented with isolated skin relapse.

Case presentation
An eight-year-old female patient presented with swelling on the scalp 3 months after the completion of the ALLIC-BFM 2009 chemotherapy protocol administered due to the diagnosis of precursor B-cell (pre-B) ALL. Physical examination revealed a hard, painless, hyperemic, nodule-shaped lesion measuring 2 × 1 cm on the right parietal bone. Atypical hematopoietic cells with the prominent nucleolus, narrow cytoplasm, and immunohistochemically stained with CD 10, 19, 22, 79-a, and TdT were observed in the histopathological examination of the skin lesion. There was no blast in the bone marrow aspiration smear and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was diagnosed with aleukemic leukemia cutis (LC) and pre-B ALL, presenting as an isolated relapse.

Conclusion
Aleukemic LC is a very rare finding after leukemia treatment. It may present with various cutaneous lesions, such as a papule, macule, plaque, nodule, palpable purpura, and ulcerative lesions. Leukemia cutis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skin lesions developing during or after treatment in children with leukemia.
Radiomics reproducibility challenge in computed tomography imaging as a nuisance to clinical generalization: a mini-review
Authors: Jahanshahi Amirreza , Soleymani Yunus , Fazel Ghaziani Mona , Khezerloo Davood 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Radiomics has demonstrated striking potential in accurate cancer diagnosis but still needs strengthening of validity and standardization to achieve reproducible and generalizable results. Despite the advantages of radiomics, inter-scanner and intra-scanner variations of computed tomography (CT) scanning parameters can affect the reproducibility of its results. Accordingly, this article aims to review the impact of CT scanning parameters on the reproducibility of radiomics results.

Main body of the abstract
In general, radiomics results are sensitive to changes in the noise level; therefore, any parameter that affects image noise, such as kilovoltage (kVp), tube current (mAs), slice thickness, spatial resolution, image reconstruction algorithm, etc., can affect radiomics results. Also, region of interest (ROI) segmentation is another fundamental challenge in reducing radiomics reproducibility. Studies showed that almost all scanning parameters affect the reproducibility of radiomics. However, some robust features are reproducible.

Short conclusion
One of the solutions to overcome the radiomics reproducibility challenge is the standardization of imaging protocols according to noise level (not scanning protocols). The second solution is to list reproducible features according to the type of complication and anatomical region. Resampling may also overcome feature instability.
The additive value of diffusion tensor imaging in the determination of perianal fistula activity
Authors: Mohsen Mohamed , Elmansy Mostafa , Gad Mona A. , Mahmoud Mohamed Mostafa , Elhawary Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Although the activity of the perianal fistula has been evaluated before by MRI in the literature, limited diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) studies are reported to date. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of DT-MRI in evaluating the activity state of the perianal fistula and the prediction of postoperative complications. We reviewed the data of 30 patients diagnosed with perianal fistula and referred them for an MRI diffusion study before the surgical intervention. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated for the fistulous area and the normal surrounding puborectalis as a control area.

Results
According to the presence of pus intraoperatively, patients were allocated into two groups: the active group (10 patients) and the inactive group (20 patients). FA and ADC measurements showed a significant decrease in association with the active disease when measured at the fistula site, and this was not observed in the normal surrounding tissues. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.985 and 0.730 for the ADC and FA, respectively, when cutoff values of 1 × 10–3 mm2/s and 0.621 were applied, respectively. Adding the FA to the ADC increased the DT-MRI specificity to 95% in the determination of the active fistula. The combination between both FA and ADC increased the AUC to 0.785 with a sensitivity of 73.7% and specificity of 63.6% in the detection of postoperative complications.

Conclusions
DT-MRI could be used as a reliable diagnostic tool to differentiate patients with active perianal fistula disease from inactive ones and to predict the postoperative outcome.