bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spitting for Science: Non-Invasive Drug Monitoring Through a Modified Liquid Micro Junction-Surface Sampling Probe
Authors: Gerring Aviva , Hassan Malek , Oleschuk Richard 
Published: August 2023

The use of saliva as a convenient, non-invasive alternative for therapeutic drug monitoring has become increasingly favorable with the emergence of pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence research providing a link between blood plasma and saliva concentrations. Therapeutic drug monitoring is a practice through which specific drugs are monitored at given time intervals to maintain a constant concentration in the blood. It is only necessary for patients taking drugs with known pharmacokinetic variability, narrow therapeutic indices and potential adverse effects.
Although the drug concentration in saliva is lower than in plasma, saliva has a complex matrix, consisting of salts, immunoglobins, proteins and more. The polar matrix in the saliva introduces potential interference with the sensitivity of the drug detection through salt suppression.
In this project, 6 drugs used as anticonvulsants and antidepressants were analysed in artificial saliva using a modified version of the Liquid Micro Junction-Surface Sampling Probe (LMJ-SSP) to maximize the sensitivity of observed signals and minimize the detection limits.
The main parameter which was targeted for optimizing the extraction and ionization of the drug in the saliva samples was the polarity of the carrier liquid, which continuously flows in the coaxial tube of the LMJ-SSP. Upon analyzing four different carrier liquids, the mixture containing methanol, water and chloroform was determined to provide the best sensitivity. Additionally, the enrichment factors of the peak areas using the chloroform mixture in the modified LMJ-SSP were enhanced by a factor ranging between 2.9 to 31.4, depending on the analyte.
Overall, the data obtained from this project thus far displays that modifying the polarity by modifying the carrier liquid composition to balance the extraction and ionization during analysis using the modified LMJ-SSP optimizes the sensitivity of the detection.
Sensor Development and Testing for the NEWS-G Dark Matter Experiment
Authors: Phillips Melanie 
Published: August 2023

The NEWS-G collaboration utilizes Spherical Proportional Counters (SPCs) in direct detection searches for low-mass dark matter. The detectors use gasses with a high voltage sensor in the centre to collect incoming electrons ionized from particle interactions in the gas. The experiment is currently running at SNOLAB and uses its low threshold requirements to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) with sub-GeV mass. To support charge collection from greater distances within the SPC volume, the detector uses a multi-anode achinos sensor. This style of sensor uses a resistive support structure to hold the anodes in place and correct the electric field in the volume of the detector. Previous sensor versions used support structures made from Bakelite or were 3D printed with a Diamond-Like Carbon coating.
I worked on further development of the achinos utilizing electrostatic discharge resin to directly 3D print the support structure, allowing for increased precision and production rates. This included adding internal guide tubes to support the wires, reducing pressure points that could cause damage to the wire. These structures were then tested with increasing voltages in an argon gas mixture while being observed for discharges. The sensors were further tested in 30cm diameter sphere to monitor the stability during data-taking runs, leading to design iterations to improve the stability of the sensors and increase the maximum usable voltage. Tests were conducted considering the resistive properties of alternative structure materials, including glass capillary tubes of varying thicknesses, but the resin was further developed for its easier applications to multi-anode structures.
I also worked to implement new methods of attaching the metal anodes to insulated wire, including the use of silver conductive paste to strengthen the electrical connection. This was measured to have a resistance of about 10Ω, where previous methods had connections too weak to observe.
Measuring Shyness in Children Online
Authors: Wong Sarah , MacGowan Taigan , Kuhlmeier Valerie 
Published: August 2023

During the pandemic, developmental psychology research labs had to adapt to virtual testing methods. Many labs continue to conduct online studies even as restrictions have been lifted, as these methods extend the geographical range of participating families. However, online testing methods cannot always match in-person procedures. For example, psychologists often measure behaviours that indicate shyness in children during in-person laboratory visits that include contexts such as giving a public speech or interacting with confederates. To adapt this method to a virtual environment, Dr. MacGowan has recently innovated a new procedure for studying shyness within an online, synchronous testing session.
Dr. MacGowan's ongoing eProsocial study evaluates children’s behavioral shyness during synchronous sessions on Zoom. This is accomplished by having an experimenter posed as a child confederate named “Sam” log on with a gender-matched profile picture of a child; participants are told that Sam is the next child scheduled for a testing session. The lead experimenter leaves the participant to “chat” with Sam and the disguised researcher uses 7 pre-recorded audio clips of a real child’s voice to facilitate conversations with the participant (e.g., “What grade are you in?”). When the lead experimenter returns, they perform a manipulation check to gauge if the child is suspicious of Sam’s existence by asking “What did you think of Sam?”.
A total of 194 sessions have been conducted to date, and only one participant has indicated doubt in the existence of Sam during manipulation checks. These results exhibit initial construct validity. To further examine validity, research assistants will code shyness behaviours, such as latency to respond, and compare this data to caregiver shyness reports. Dr MacGowan’s approach to measuring shyness in an online setting is promising, and other developmental researchers should consider replicating this paradigm in future studies.
Deciphering the role of fungi in post-fire succession in Canada's Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest region
Authors: Moran-Macdonald Hannah 
Published: August 2023

Fungi are important drivers of forest health, as well as culturally important for many Indigenous communities. In Canada, increasingly intense and frequent wildfires affect fungal substrates and habitats, environmental conditions, and physiological responses of hosts with which fungi may interact. In Ontario, aggressive fire suppression raises the question of how fungal regeneration, and taxonomic compositions, may be affected when fires do appear on the landscape. This study investigates the fungal regrowth post-fire above and below-ground and the role fungal species play in post fire ecological succession in Southeastern Ontario. The study sites are two black oak savannas in restoration, previously prescribed a burn (Northumberland County, 2022 and 2023), and a recent wildfire burned mixed deciduous forest (Centennial Lake, 2023). We collected fruiting body and soil samples for fungal identification via observational and DNA methods. Above ground vegetation assays were made at 9 burned plots within these three sites and another 8 adjacent unburned (control) plots. We extracted soil DNA and will amplify fungal ITS2 amplicons by PCR. Then, we will sequence the amplified DNA using MiSeq to compare burned and unburned soil fungi. Lastly, we will use statistical methods to differentiate effects from fire and soil texture and type in burned and control plots. Thus far, we found that Pyropyxis rubra, a pyrophilous ascomycete fungus, is extremely abundant just weeks after the lightning-induced fire at Centennial Lake. Our combined observational and quantitative descriptions of above-and below ground soil fungi provide a deeper understanding of how fire affects species composition, fungal reproduction, and population dynamics in Ontario. This research may help inform other successional processes, and fungal harvesting of culturally important species.
From Father to Son: Passing Down the Secrets of Paternal Success.
Authors: Kowal Joshua 
Published: August 2023

Males and females typically share the same genome. Intra-locus sexual conflict is when the needs of each sex exert unique selection pressures on the shared genome. We are interested in investigating the effects of intra-locus sexual conflict by removing one of the two sexes from the conflict. Male limited (ML) selection allows males to directly pass genes to their sons without female selection playing a role. This is facilitated through clone generator females with translocated and marked autosomes and conjoint X chromosomes that induce reversed inheritance of sex chromosomes. ML males should be able to accumulate changes beneficial to male reproductive fitness much more quickly than matched control (MC) males bound by bilateral gene expression. We have conducted 75 generations of this male-limited protocol on Drosophila melanogaster flies and have demonstrated that ML flies show higher fitness within ML conditions.
In nature, male flies compete with each other to sire offspring, as a result of genetic differences, some males become more successful. We assayed the post copulatory success of our target males by introducing target males to control females after the females were mated with recessively marked Control males. This design allows for adaptations resulting from selection to be investigated, adaptations can either result from the choosiness of females or the physical traits of males like the shape, number, and chemicals contained in sperm.
My assays found that experimental males tended to be more successful in sperm offence when compared to control males within the ML protocol. Males with double dose ML chromosomes performed significantly worse than Controls, suggesting that adaptation to overcome genetic artifacts from the ML protocol (mutant backgrounds and haploid selection) was predominant to resolving intra-locus sexual conflict. There is also the possibly that a lack of genetic variation prevented adaptations from arising.
Advantages and Challenges of Developing Large and Local Coal Projects in the Arctic Zone of Russia
Authors: Markova V. M. 
Published: August 2023

Among the new projects of the Program for the Development of the Coal Industry of the Russian Federation until 2035, the possibility of developing the Arctic coal deposits is being considered. The article considers both positive (increase in NSR cargo turnover, employment in the territory, development of the Arctic infrastructure) and negative effects (environmental burden, non-transparency of tax revenues of projects not in the territory of implementation, rotational management, state subsidies, etc.), which generate new projects.Prospects for the supply of new coal projects are analyzed in the context of the decarbonization economy. Arctic projects involve the supply of coking coal and anthracites for export, which leads to increased competition in the Asian markets among Russian coal suppliers from Yakutia, Tyva, and Kuzbass. Due to the geographical remoteness of traditional coal mining centers from export ports and due to the limited capacity of the railway, in the future, competition between individual regions of the Russian Federation for access to logistics infrastructure and subsidies for transportation becomes acute. In this situation, Arctic coal projects are in a comparatively better position.An increase in the production of high-quality coking coals and anthracites is planned to be achieved in the underdeveloped northern regions, which will require the use of new innovative technological solutions not only in the production, but also in the transportation of coal, as well as the involvement of a large number of workers and specialists.
The Problem of Alienation as a Destructive Factor in Development of Russian Universities
Authors: Borisova S. G. 
Published: August 2023

One of the main tasks facing domestic universities is to train graduates who are able to work professionally in a transforming economy. The solution of this problem is impossible without fundamental changes in management practices both in relation to universities (implemented in the state educational policy) and within them. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account not only the tasks caused by the changing situation in the country and abroad, but also the negative trends in the development of the domestic education sector, characteristic of the last three decades.The required changes can actually be implemented if management efforts are combined by both the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and university management. The most important task of university management is to overcome such negative consequences as the transformation of the motives and values of key subjects of the educational process (primarily teachers and students), the problem of alienation affecting these social communities, changing the nature and forms of communication between them, etc.The article substantiates the relevance of such changes, provides the main ways to overcome the problem of alienation, based on the use of management concepts adequate to the current situation (concepts of value-oriented management of the university and productive management of its strategic assets).
Methodological Approach to Managing Customer Experience in the IT Services Market
Authors: Pryadokhina I. V. , Prishchenko E. A. 
Published: August 2023

The role of the client in ensuring the competitiveness of companies is increasing. This becomes the reason for the increase of innovative activity of companies. The ability to create technology products with maximum customer value become key factor of competitiveness.The aim of the study is to develop a methodical approach to the management of client experience in innovative companies. The methodical approach should solve the problem of loss of potential clients and retention of existing clients. Scientific novelty of research consists in formation of methodical approach, which is based on complex perception of client experience. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to analyze the state of management of client experience in a small company.The article uses such research methods as data collection, information processing and analysis, method of generalization and classification and the method of definition of concepts. The key result of the study is a comprehensive methodical approach to the management of client experience. The developed approach takes into account the specifics of IT companies and the market of IT services and compensates for the shortcomings of traditional methods of management of client experience. The prospect of using customer experience management in the B2B segment is justified by the increase in the conversion rate for the analyzed period and the increase in the number of repeated sales in the object of the study (Azoft).
Prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in abnormal pap smears
Authors: Mishra Jaya , Kalantri Sweety , Raphael Vandana , Dey Biswajit , Khonglah Yookarin , Das Ananya 
Published: August 2023

Objectives:
This study was undertaken to study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in abnormal cervical pap smears and to correlate the different cytological results with HPV infection.

Material and Methods:
A total of 1788 cervical pap smears of women more than 30 years of age conducted over a period of 1 year 3 months (June 2015–August 2016) were screened by liquid-based cytology. High-risk (HR)-HPV testing was performed by PCR in abnormal lesions. Inflammatory smears and some atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)-reactive cases were excluded from HPV testing. Histopathological correlation was done wherever possible.

Results:
The overall prevalence of the intraepithelial lesions/malignancy was ASCUS. (ASCUS) - 79 (4.42%), atypical squamous cells cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) - 10 (0.56%), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) - 26 (1.45%), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) - 15 (0.84%), squamous cell carcinoma - 5 (0.28%), and adenocarcinoma - 1 case (0.06%). Overall, 136 (7.60%) samples were classified as abnormal. Seventy-seven samples were included for HR-HPV testing – 20 ASCUS, 10 ASC-H, 26 LSIL, 15 HSIL, and 6 malignant cases. A control group of ten samples with normal cervical cytology within the normal limit (Control) (WNLc) was tested for HR-HPV. HR-HPV was detected in 20% of samples of the WNLc group, 45% of the ASCUS group, 70% of the ASC-H group, 73.07% of the LSIL group, 86.67% of the HSIL, and 83.34% of the samples in the malignant group. Overall, HR-HPV was detected in 68.83% of abnormal cervical pap smears.

Conclusion:
Our study shows that the percentage of HR-HPV-positive case increases with the severity of cytologic morphology. HPV had 4 times higher positivity in squamous intraepithelial lesion as compared to ASCUS.
RESULTS OF PAIN TREATMENT IN MILITARY MEDICAL CLINICAL CENTERS FOR COMBATANTS AFTER GUNSHOT WOUNDS
Authors: HOROSHKO V.R. , KUCHYN IU.L 
Published: August 2023

Resume. Unfortunately, the treatment of combatants with gunshot wounds does not end with wound healing. In 66.7 %-73.1 % of these patients, pain becomes chronic and affects quality of life. Therefore, studying the results of pain treatment in combatants after gunshot wounds in military medical clinical centers can help identify weaknesses on the way to improving the results of treatment of this category of patients.
Objective. To study the results of treatment of combatants' pain after gunshot wounds in military medical clinical centres.
Methods. The data on the results of treatment of 769 combatants with gunshot wounds after combat operations are presented. The intensity of pain during treatment was monitored using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Also, the time interval between analgesia was recorded. The groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney test and the chi-square test, taking into account the correction for continuity. To test the distribution of quantitative indicators for normality, the Shapiro-Wilk test was used, and to analyse the dynamics of indicators, the Friedman test for related samples was used, and a posteriori comparison was performed using the Bonferroni correction.
Results. On admission, the VAS pain intensity in the 2 groups was practically the same and met the criteria of moderate and severe pain, here the number of points ranged from 4 to 7, which indicates the lack of quality pain control and low effectiveness of analgesia in the preliminary stages or during medical evacuation. on the 14th day after injury, the VAS pain intensity practically corresponded to 2 points – mild pain, which indicates stable pain control and sufficiently high-quality pain treatment. However, on the 9th day of observation (p=0.009, and then <0.001), there was a difference, which is most likely due to the number of injured anatomical areas of the patient. The intervals between anesthetizations gradually increased. However, from the 10th day of observation there is a difference between the groups (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The data obtained indicate that at the stage of treatment in military mobile hospitals, from which combatants are evacuated to military medical clinical centres, as well as during evacuation, more attention should be paid to the issue of pain management, because the lack of quality pain control between treatment stages is one of the factors that affects the frequency of pain chronicity.
DISCUSSED PROBLEMS OF USING LOCAL ANESTHETICS FOR ULTRASOUND-DIAGNOSED EDEMA
Authors: DMYTRIIEV D. , LISAK Ye. 
Published: August 2023

Regional methods of anesthesia are widely used in surgical interventions on the lower limb, in particular on the foot. Patients with diabetes are distinguished by high comorbidity, the diabetic foot often includes swelling of varying degrees of severity.
As part of the hypothesis, it is necessary to answer the following questions: Does peri-neural edema of the subcutaneous fatty tissue reduce the effectiveness of local anesthet-ics? If so! Then, in what way? Which factor is decisive, the dilution in the edema vo-lume, or the pH of the edema fluid itself?
The degree of dilution will depend on the volume of the swelling. Indeed, in this class of patients, during ultrasound examination, we observed various patterns of edema. Which obviously correspond to different degrees of swelling. But how to objectify them? An ultrasound image is a two-dimensional image, and fluid passages (edema) chaotically fill the space between fat lobes.
The Effect of Prognostic Factors on Survival in Endometrioid Type Adenocancer
Authors: BAŞTAN Merve , ÇAKIR KÖLE Merve , AKSOY Lale , KÖLE Emre , ÇORAKÇI Aydın 
Published: August 2023

Objective: The study aims to investigate the prognostic factors in uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma that affect survival outcomes.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study includes 144 cases which underwent surgical treatment for uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Demographic data and tumour characteristics were evaluated for lymph node metastasis. Stage I and grade 1-2 tumours were divided into lymphadenectomy and non-lymphadenectomy groups, and 5-year survival was assessed.
Results: The presence of myometrial invasion of more than 1/2, adnexal metastasis and lymphovascular space invasion were found to be associated with lymph node metastasis (p=0.010 ve 0.019 ve 0.015). In our study, the 5-year survival rate was 87.4%. Survival rate was correlated with age, myometrial invasion, and tumour grade. The 5-year survival rates were 89.8% in lymphadenectomy group and 85.2% in non-lymphadenectomy group, and no statistically significant difference was observed (p=0.575).
Conclusion: Myometrial invasion, grade and the age of diagnosis were detected as important prognostic factors of uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas. We concluded that lymphadenectomy did not increase the survival rate of stage I grade 1-2 endometrioid tumours. Lymphadenectomy may not be performed in stage I grade 1-2 tumours; thus, the morbidities of lymphadenectomy can be avoided.
The Effects of Eccentric-Concentric Isokinetic Muscle Strength Training on Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Architecture, Muscle Strength and Proprioception in Healthy Young People
Authors: İNCE PARPUCU Tuba , ALGUN Candan , TOPRAK Uğur , TÜRKOĞLU Sefa 
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the efficacy of eccentric and concentric training on quadriceps femoris muscle architecture, muscle strength and proprioception in healthy young people.
Materials and Methods: Sixty healthy subjects were divided into two groups concentric training (n=30), and eccentric training (n=30). The outcome measurements were Quadriceps Femoris (QF) muscle architecture, muscle strength and knee proprioception. The training was carried out on the subjects’ dominant side leg (right), and the participants were trained three times a week for 12 weeks. The measurements were applied before and after training. QF muscle architecture was assessed by using ultrasonography. Isokinetic muscle strength and knee proprioception were assessed with the isokinetic dynamometer.
Results: The results showed a significant increase in QF architecture, muscle strength and knee proprioception after the training in the two groups (p0.05).
Conclusion: Training techniques, including eccentric and concentric training, positively affected QF muscle architecture, muscle strength, and knee proprioception (p0.05).