bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human remains from Arma di Nasino (Liguria) provide novel insights into the paleoecology of early Holocene foragers in northwestern Italy
Authors: Sparacello Vitale S. , Goude Gwenaëlle , Varalli Alessandra , Dori Irene , Gravel-Miguel Claudine , Riel-Salvatore Julien , Palstra Sanne W. L. , Moggi-Cecchi Jacopo , Negrino Fabio , Starnini Elisabetta 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe report the discovery and analysis of new Mesolithic human remains—dated to ca. 10,200–9000 cal. BP—from Arma di Nasino in Liguria, northwestern Italy, an area rich in Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic attestations, but for which little information on Early Holocene occupation was available. The multi-proxy isotopic profile of the two individuals reveals that—despite the proximity of the site to the Mediterranean seashore and the use of shellfish as decorative elements in burials—the ecology of these foragers was based on the exploitation of high-altitude resources, presumably in the nearby western Alps. This constitutes the first direct evidence in northwestern Italy of a significant ecological shift towards higher altitudes following deglaciation, especially when compared to isotopic data of the Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers from the nearby site of Arene Candide Cave, who exploited terrestrial resources nearer to the coast and at lower altitudes. While the biochemistry of Nasino’s skeletal assemblage revealed new details on Early Holocene lifeways in the area, the osteobiography of one individual offers glimpses into the life experience of a specific female forager, depicting a scenario of early skeletal trauma, developmental disturbances, long-term impairments, and resilience amongst the last European hunter-gatherers.
Biomedical doctoral students’ research practices when facing dilemmas: two vignette-based randomized control trials
Authors: Nguyen V.T , Sharp M. K. , Superchi C. , Baron G. , Glonti K. , Blanco D. , Olsen M. , Vo Tat T.T , Olarte Parra C. , Névéol A. , Hren D. , Ravaud P. , Boutron I. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur aim was to describe the research practices of doctoral students facing a dilemma to research integrity and to assess the impact of inappropriate research environments, i.e. exposure to (a) a post-doctoral researcher who committed a Detrimental Research Practice (DRP) in a similar situation and (b) a supervisor who did not oppose the DRP. We conducted two 2-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trials. We created 10 vignettes describing a realistic dilemma with two alternative courses of action (good practice versus DRP). 630 PhD students were randomized through an online system to a vignette (a) with (n = 151) or without (n = 164) exposure to a post-doctoral researcher; (b) with (n = 155) or without (n = 160) exposure to a supervisor. The primary outcome was a score from − 5 to + 5, where positive scores indicated the choice of DRP and negative scores indicated good practice. Overall, 37% of unexposed participants chose to commit DRP with important variation across vignettes (minimum 10%; maximum 66%). The mean difference [95%CI] was 0.17 [− 0.65 to 0.99;], p = 0.65 when exposed to the post-doctoral researcher, and 0.79 [− 0.38; 1.94], p = 0.16, when exposed to the supervisor. In conclusion, we did not find evidence of an impact of postdoctoral researchers and supervisors on student research practices.Trial registration: NCT04263805, NCT04263506 (registration date 11 February 2020).
Assessment of the impact of shaped nozzles installed inside the pipeline on the energy efficiency of compressed gas systems
Authors: Młynarczyk Przemysław , Brewczyński Damian , Krajewska-Śpiewak Joanna , Chmielarczyk Kamil , Błądek Jarosław , Lempa Paweł 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPressure pulsations and vibrations generated in gas discharge pipelines are one of the main causes of failure in a compressed gas system. Installation of shaped nozzles in the compressor discharge manifold is one of the new ideas to minimize this phenomenon. It has been proven that shaped nozzles technology is able to minimize the unfavorable phenomena of pressure pulsation and thus the pipeline vibration. The production of such components using 3D printing techniques is a very good solution, as they have complicated shapes and are individually produced for a specific installation. The world is currently struggling with an excess of waste and a shortage of energy. Therefore, modern technology should be part of the sustainable development strategy, according to which the amount of energy consumed during the processes should be reduced. This article presents the influence of shaped nozzles on the specific compression power mounted in the discharge manifolds of two different compressors: reciprocating and screw. This influence can also be estimated by a conceptual model presented in the article. Based on the values of specific compression power, obtained during carried out research, it can be concluded that 3D printed nozzles may have a minor impact on the energy efficiency of compression depending on their shape complexity.
Regulation of base excision repair during adipogenesis and osteogenesis of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Kim Min , Jang Hyun-Jin , Baek Song-Yi , Choi Kyung-Jin , Han Dong-Hee , Sung Jung-Suk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can differentiate into various lineages, such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and neuronal lineages. It has been shown that the high-efficiency DNA-repair capacity of hMSCs is decreased during their differentiation. However, the underlying its mechanism during adipogenesis and osteogenesis is unknown. Herein, we investigated how alkyl-damage repair is modulated during adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, especially focusing on the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Response to an alkylation agent was assessed via quantification of the double-strand break (DSB) foci and activities of BER-related enzymes during differentiation in hMSCs. Adipocytes showed high resistance against methyl methanesulfonate (MMS)-induced alkyl damage, whereas osteoblasts were more sensitive than hMSCs. During the differentiation, activities, and protein levels of uracil-DNA glycosylase were found to be regulated. In addition, ligation-related proteins, such as X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) and DNA polymerase β, were upregulated in adipocytes, whereas their levels and recruitment declined during osteogenesis. These modulations of BER enzyme activity during differentiation influenced DNA repair efficiency and the accumulation of DSBs as repair intermediates in the nucleus. Taken together, we suggest that BER enzymatic activity is regulated in adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation and these alterations in the BER pathway led to different responses to alkyl damage from those in hMSCs.
Host feeding preferences of malaria vectors in an area of low malaria transmission
Authors: Gueye Assiyatou , Ngom El Hadji Malick , Diagne Aissatou , Ndoye Baye Bado , Dione Mamadou Lamine , Sambe Babacar Souleymane , Sokhna Cheikh , Diallo Mawlouth , Niang Makhtar , Dia Ibrahima 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStudying the behaviour and trophic preferences of mosquitoes is an important step in understanding the exposure of vertebrate hosts to vector-borne diseases. In the case of human malaria, transmission increases when mosquitoes feed more on humans than on other animals. Therefore, understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of vectors and their feeding preferences is essential for improving vector control measures. In this study, we investigated the feeding behaviour ofAnophelesmosquitoes at two sites in the Sudanian areas of Senegal where transmission is low following the implementation of vector control measures. Blood-fed mosquitoes were collected monthly from July to November 2022 by pyrethrum spray catches in sleeping rooms of almost all houses in Dielmo and Ndiop villages, and blood meals were identified as from human, bovine, ovine, equine and chicken by ELISA. Species from theAn. gambiaecomplex were identified by PCR. The types and numbers of potential domestic animal hosts were recorded in each village. The Human Blood Index (HBI) and the Manly Selection Ratio (MSR) were calculated to determine whether hosts were selected in proportion to their abundance. Spatio-temporal variation in HBI was examined using the Moran’s index. A total of 1251 endophilicAnophelesfemales were collected in 115 bedrooms, including 864 blood fed females of 6 species.An. arabiensisandAn. funestuswere predominant in Dielmo and Ndiop, respectively. Of the 864 blood meals tested, 853 gave a single host positive result mainly on bovine, equine, human, ovine and chicken in decreasing order in both villages. Overall, these hosts were not selected in proportion to their abundance. The human host was under-selected, highlighting a marked zoophily for the vectors. Over time and space, the HBI were low with no obvious trend, with higher and lower values observed in each of the five months at different points in each village. These results highlight the zoophilic and exophagic behaviour of malaria vectors. This behaviour is likely to be a consequence of the distribution and use of LLINs in both villages and may increase risk of residual outdoor transmission. This underlines the need to study the feeding host profile of outdoor resting populations and how domestic animals may influence malaria epidemiology in order to tailor effective malaria vector control strategies in the two villages.
New measurement technique for restoration of the trochlear offset after image-based robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty: a reliability study
Authors: Kafelov Moussa , Farhat Jawhara , Servien Elvire , Lustig Sébastien , Batailler Cécile 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: The new concepts in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) tend to improve the alignment and ligament balancing after TKA. Nevertheless, the assessment of the anterior compartment is difficult. The purpose of this study was to describe a new measurement technique of trochlear offset restoration on CT-scan after primary robotic-assisted TKA and assess its reliability and repeatability. Method: This monocentric study assessed the trochlear offset restoration on a CT scan after 20 robotic-assisted TKA. To evaluate the trochlear offset restoration, we measured the depth difference between the native and the prosthetic trochlea. Four sequential positions were assessed on the trochlea: at full extension, at 30°, 70°, and 90° flexion. For each of these positions, we compared the highest point of the lateral native condyle and the lateral prosthetic condyle, the highest point of the medial native condyle and the medial prosthetic condyle, the deepest point of the native trochlear groove and the prosthetic trochlea. Two independent reviewers performed the measurements to assess their reliability. To determine intraobserver variability, the first observer performed the measurements twice. Results: The mean age was 67.3 years old ± 8.3. Mean values of the trochlear offset restoration for the medial condyle, trochlear groove and lateral condyle were respectively: 1.0 mm ± 1.6, 1.1 mm ± 1.5, −2.7 mm ± 2.3 in full extension; −3.5 mm ± 1.7, −1.5 mm ± 1.7, −3.9 mm ± 3.9 at 30° flexion; −5.1 mm ± 1.8, 2.1 mm ± 2.7, −3.8 mm ± 1.8 at 70° flexion; 2.0 mm ± 1.4 and 3.1 mm ± 1.5 for the medial and lateral condyles at 90° flexion. The radiographic measurements showed very good to excellent intra-observer and inter-observer agreements with mean kappa values of 0.92 and 0.74. Conclusion: We present a novel measurement technique on CT scan for evaluating the restoration of the trochlear offset after TKA, demonstrating excellent inter and intra-observer reliability.
Effect of Intermittent Fasting versus Continuous Caloric Restriction on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Abou Chaaya Jessica , Dib El Jalbout Jana , Nasrallah Mona P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObesity and type 2 diabetes have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, including the Middle East and North Africa region. Intermittent fasting (IF) has been increasingly used to manage overweight/obesity and its metabolic complications. Physiologically, IF shifts the body's metabolism into ketosis (the metabolic switch) and induces cellular changes, which have a theoretical benefit over and above continuous caloric restriction (CCR). In this narrative overview of IF, the focus is on summarizing studies that compare IF to CCR in adults with overweight or obesity. The most commonly practiced types of IF (5:2, the alternate day fast, and the time-restricted eating) were included. Nine studies of 1-year duration or longer, with weight loss as the primary outcome, were summarized. The effect on body weight and improved metabolic parameters such as blood pressure, glycemic indicators, and lipid profile are described. Overall, IF was well tolerated and effective for weight loss in a manner comparable to CCR. The benefits were similar among adults with type 2 diabetes. There were no additional metabolic effects or benefits over and above CCR. However, more studies are needed to address specific details of IF, such as the type and timing of fasting and its application to different populations. In conclusion, IF is safe and beneficial for weight loss in adults with overweight/obesity with or without diabetes. It can be used as an alternative to CCR.
Incremental prognostic value of downstream positron emission tomography perfusion imaging after coronary computed tomography angiography: a study using machine learning
Authors: Lehtonen Eero , Kujala Iida , Tamminen Jonne , Maaniitty Teemu , Saraste Antti , Teuho Jarmo , Knuuti Juhani , Klén Riku 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the incremental value of positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) over coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) in predicting short- and long-term outcome using machine learning (ML) approaches.Methods and resultsA total of 2411 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent CCTA, out of whom 891 patients were admitted to downstream PET MPI for haemodynamic evaluation of obstructive coronary stenosis. Two sets of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) ML models were trained, one with all the clinical and imaging variables (including PET) and the other with only clinical and CCTA-based variables. Difference in the performance of the two sets was analysed by means of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). After the removal of incomplete data entries, 2284 patients remained for further analysis. During the 8-year follow-up, 210 adverse events occurred including 59 myocardial infarctions, 35 unstable angina pectoris, and 116 deaths. The PET MPI data improved the outcome prediction over CCTA during the first 4 years of the observation time and the highest AUC was at the observation time of Year 1 (0.82, 95% confidence interval 0.804–0.827). After that, there was no significant incremental prognostic value by PET MPI.ConclusionPET MPI variables improve the prediction of adverse events beyond CCTA imaging alone for the first 4 years of follow-up. This illustrates the complementary nature of anatomic and functional information in predicting the outcome of patients with suspected CAD.
Postoperative hormonal therapies reduce the recurrence of thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax
Authors: Tsuboshima Kenji , Kurihara Masatoshi , Okumura Gaku , Ohashi Kota , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Shiko Yuki , Ozawa Yoshihito , Seyama Kuniaki 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Thoracic endometriosis-related pneumothorax (TERP) frequently recurs even after surgery. Meanwhile, postoperative hormonal therapies (HTx) are believed to be effective for pelvic endometriosis. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between postoperative TERP recurrence and postoperative HTx in a retrospective observational study.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with TERP who underwent the first video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery between January 2011 and February 2022.

RESULTS
Of the 248 patients eligible for this study, 67 (27.0%) experienced postoperative TERP recurrence. Postoperative HTx were administered to 70 patients (28.2%). Dienogest was the most frequently administered drug, given to 56.7% of patients. Following univariable analysis, postoperative hormonal therapies was closely related to reduce postoperative recurrence (P = 0.003). Likewise, the multivariable analysis revealed postoperative hormonal therapies were significantly associated with the risk reduction of recurrence (hazard ratio 0.28, P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative HTx reduced TERP recurrence. We hypothesize that HTx may control residual endometrial tissues to avoid TERP if pleural endometrial tissues are resected as much as possible.
Stable isotopes in eye lenses reveal migration and mixing patterns of diamond squid in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya , Horii Sachiko , Kodama Taketoshi , Takahashi Kazutaka , Tawa Atsushi , Tanaka Yosuke , Ohshmio Seiji 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Knowledge of the movements of marine organisms is essential for effective conservation schemes. Here, we investigated the lifetime habitat use of diamond squid, Thysanoteuthis rhombus, collected in the western North Pacific and its marginal seas (the Sea of Japan and the East China Sea) during 2021–2022, whose migratory ecology is poorly known, using bulk stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios in eye lenses. From the eye lens isotope profiles, the chronology of the isotopic baseline of squid habitat was estimated by removing the effect of size-dependent changes of trophic position. Then, the baseline estimates were compared to the isoscapes of particulate organic matter. The baseline chronologies showed fluctuations during the paralarval and juvenile stages, becoming stable during the adult stage, suggesting that significant movements mainly occur during the early life stages due to current transport, with adults potentially not undertaking long-distance migrations. The squids in the marginal seas mostly originated from outside the subtropical gyre, while the squids in the subtropical gyre had various sources, including outside the gyre and southern and northern parts within the gyre, revealing a complex mixing pattern of the species. These results show that isotope chronology combined with baseline isoscapes are effective tools to understand animal migrations, which can help managing various cephalopods and fish.
Correction factors to biaxial bending strength of thin silicon die in the ball-on-ring test by considering geometric nonlinearity and material anisotropy
Authors: Tsai M Y , Hsieh P J , Kuo T C 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The ball-on-ring test (BoR) is one of the standard tests for biaxial bending, suggested in ASTM F394-78. This test has been applied to determine the biaxial bending strength of silicon dies to avoid the die edge effect of the three-point bending tests. However, from the literature, when the relatively thin silicon dies are tested, this test suffers from a contact-nonlinearity effect, due to a maximum applied stress moving away from the loading pin center before the specimen failure, and thus results in overestimated maximum stress calculated by the theoretical linear solution. This study aims to investigate this mechanical issue experimentally, theoretically and numerically by taking into account the specimen material anisotropy and thickness effects on the maximum stresses and deflections, and then propose new correction factor equations to the theoretical linear solutions, based on the numerical fitting results of the geometric nonlinear finite element solutions. Those correction factor equations proposed in this study are material-property independent, but specimen thickness dependent, which can be estimated by an interpolation function. It has been proved that the BoR test using the conventional theory associated with the proposed correction factor equations can successfully determine the bending strength of the thin silicon dies on untreated surfaces, which mostly fails in the contact-nonlinear region.
Effectiveness of the Original Monovalent Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines in Preventing Emergency Department or Urgent Care Encounters and Hospitalizations Among Adults With Disabilities: VISION Network, June 2021-September 2022
Authors: Patel Palak , Schrader Kristin E , Rice Catherine E , Rowley Elizabeth , Cree Robyn A , DeSilva Malini B , Embi Peter J , Gaglani Manjusha , Grannis Shaun J , Ong Toan C , Stenehjem Edward , Naleway Allison L , Ball Sarah , Natarajan Karthik , Klein Nicola P , Adams Katherine , Kharbanda Anupam , Ray Caitlin , Link-Gelles Ruth , Tenforde Mark W 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Adults with disabilities are at increased risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using data across 9 states during Delta- and Omicron-predominant periods (June 2021–September 2022), we evaluated the effectiveness of the original monovalent COVID-19 messenger RNA vaccines among 521 206 emergency department/urgent care encounters (11 471 [2%] in patients with a documented disability) and 139 548 hospitalizations (16 569 [12%] in patients with a disability) for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 illness in adults (aged ≥18 years). Across variant periods and for the primary series or booster doses, vaccine effectiveness was similar in those with and those without a disability. These findings highlight the importance of adults with disabilities staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations.
Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Pulmonary Leiomyoma in a Patient With Untreated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Ulicny Joseph , Thuzar Moe , Aguiar Roberto Silva , Sharkey Sarah , Zhang Frank , Chambers David , Malek Alexandre E 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We report an Epstein-Barr virus–associated smooth muscle tumor in an adult male with AIDS. The patient had multiple lung nodules seen on computed tomography of the chest and an endobronchial lung tumor identified on bronchoscopy. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy slowed the progression of the tumors.
The Political Psychology of Gender
Authors: Schneider Monica C. , Bos Angela L. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The goal of this chapter is to underscore how political psychology contributes to our understandings of how gender, a social construction tied to power, influences how one understands and experiences politics. We present theoretical frameworks for understanding gender and gender socialization, key measures in the field, and review empirical tests of these frameworks within the study of political socialization, public opinion, political behavior, elite behavior, and leader evaluation. The chapter highlights how political psychologists are well situated theoretically, substantively, and methodologically to address key questions in gender and politics. We highlight how the field can push forward in promising ways by broadening the definition of gender/sex and challenging the gender binary, directly testing psychological theories regarding how gender shapes the behavior of women as political actors and the evaluations of women as political leaders, and deepening the field’s emphasis on intersectional identities.