bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐use centrifugal separator enables intensification of the clarification process in biomanufacturing of recombinant proteins
Authors: Agarwal Harshit , Thwin Capucine , Kumaar Bala Thangaraj 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe need to produce more biologics at lower costs and hence intensify bioprocessing has significantly improved upstream productivity (cell culture titers ≥3 g L−1 and cell densities ≥20 × 106 cells mL−1), shifting the economic and production bottleneck to downstream manufacturing. The first downstream unit operation is the clarification of the cell culture broth to remove various insoluble (such as cells and cell debris) and soluble (such as host cell DNA and proteins) contaminants, producing a feed stream suitable for further downstream purification. The high cell‐density cultures obtained in modern intensified bioprocessing have made legacy single‐use clarification trains (based primarily on depth filtration of the cell culture broth) ineffective and impractical, significantly increasing the economic and material burden of the clarification process.RESULTSWe have developed and characterized approaches that enable intensification of the clarification operation, by increasing process capacities while reducing material requirements and footprint, for single‐use manufacturing facilities. These approaches are based on primary clarification using the Alfa Laval CultureOne™ centrifuge (a continuous solid discharge disc‐stack centrifuge with a single‐use flow path) followed by secondary clarification using single‐use disposable depth filters. We show that these intensified clarification trains are suitable for processing high cell‐density cultures (6–12% packed cell volume) with significantly high yields (≥90%) and impurity clearance, along with reduced operating costs (30–60% savings).CONCLUSIONIncorporating a single‐use continuous discharge centrifuge into the clarification train enables clarification of high cell‐density cultures in single‐use manufacturing facilities and enhances process economic and environmental sustainability. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir alafenamide in children and adolescents living with HIV: a systematic review
Authors: O'Rourke John , Townsend Claire L. , Milanzi Edith , Collins Intira Jeannie , Castro Hannah , Judd Ali , Vicari Marissa , Jesson Julie , Leroy Valériane , Penazzato Martina , Renaud Françoise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionTenofovir alafenamide (TAF) is approved for paediatric use in fixed‐dose combination tablets, but efficacy and safety data in children are limited. We conducted a systematic review on the efficacy/effectiveness and safety of TAF in infants, children and adolescents living with HIV.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, clinical trial registries, reference lists and relevant conferences to identify literature published January 2009–March 2021. We included clinical trials and observational studies assessing the efficacy/effectiveness or safety of TAF through ≥6 months of treatment in participants aged 0–19 years.Results and discussionOverall 3626 abstracts and 371 full papers were screened. Four single‐arm, innovator‐funded trials (341 participants) and a pooled analysis of those trials were identified. All four trials included treatment‐experienced and virally suppressed children or adolescents. One trial also included treatment‐naïve adolescents with baseline viral load >1000 copies/ml. The risk of bias was rated as low in one study and unclear in the other three owing to missing data on study design (all conference presentations). At 48 weeks, 92% (46/50) of treatment‐naïve participants were virally suppressed (one trial). Among treatment‐experienced participants with viral load at 48 weeks, 214 of 224 participants were virally suppressed. Across the studies, one grade 3/4 adverse event was considered drug‐related (intermediate uveitis). There were three discontinuations for adverse events (grade 2 anxiety and insomnia, grade 1 iridocyclitis [drug‐related] and grade 1 pulmonary tuberculosis [unrelated to treatment]). One accidental death occurred across the four studies. In the pooled analysis of 223 participants, the median change in bone mineral density z‐score (height‐ and age‐adjusted) from baseline to 48 weeks was −0.12 (interquartile range [IQR] −0.46, 0.17) to 0.05 (IQR not reported) for spine, and −0.09 (IQR −0.33, 0.07) to 0.09 (IQR not reported) for total body less head. Weight‐for‐age z‐scores increased by 0.25 from baseline to 48 weeks.ConclusionsFour single‐arm trials were identified in this systematic review, with initial evidence suggesting good viral suppression and no obvious safety concerns in children and adolescents on TAF‐containing regimens over 24–48 weeks. However, further comparative and longer‐term safety data are needed in children and adolescents, including on weight and metabolic changes.
Abbreviated MRI for Secondary Surveillance of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Presumed Curative Treatment
Authors: Jeon Sun Kyung , Lee Dong Ho , Hur Bo‐Yun , Park Sae‐Jin , Kim Se Woo , Park Junghoan , Suh Kyung‐Suk , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Yi Nam‐Joon , Han Joon Koo 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundLittle is known about the performance of abbreviated MRI (AMRI) for secondary surveillance of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative treatment.PurposeTo evaluate the detection performance of AMRI for secondary surveillance of HCC after curative treatment.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 243 patients (183 men and 60 women; median age, 65 years) who underwent secondary surveillance for HCC using gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI after more than 2 year of disease‐free period following curative treatment, including surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).Field Strength/SequenceA 3.0 T/noncontrast AMRI (NC‐AMRI) (T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, T1‐weighted gradient echo, and diffusion‐weighted images), hepatobiliary phase AMRI (HBP‐AMRI) (T2‐weighted fast spin‐echo, diffusion‐weighted, and HBP images), and full‐sequence MRIAssessmentFour board‐certified radiologists independently reviewed NC‐AMRI, HBP‐AMRI, and full‐sequence MRI sets of each patient for detecting recurrent HCC.Statistical TestsPer‐lesion sensitivity, per‐patient sensitivity and specificity for HCC detection at each set were compared using generalized estimating equation.ResultsA total of 42 recurred HCCs were confirmed in the 39 patients. The per‐lesion and per‐patient sensitivities did not show significant differences among the three image sets for either reviewer (P ≥ 0.358): per‐lesion sensitivity: 59.5%–83.3%, 59.5%–85.7%, and 59.5%–83.3%, and per‐patient sensitivity: 53.9%–83.3%, 56.4%–85.7%, and 53.9%–83.3% for NC‐AMRI, HBP‐AMRI, and full‐sequence MRI, respectively. Per‐lesion pooled sensitivities of NC‐AMRI, HBP‐AMRI, and full‐sequence MRI were 72.6%, 73.2%, and 73.2%, with difference of −0.6% (95% confidence interval: −6.7, 5.5) between NC‐AMRI and full‐sequence MRI and 0.0% (−6.1, 6.1) between HBP‐AMRI and full‐sequence MRI. Per‐patient specificity was not significantly different among the three image sets for both reviewers (95.6%–97.1%, 95.6%–97.1%, and 97.6%–98.5% for NC‐AMRI and HBP‐AMRI, respectively; P ≥ 0.117).Data ConclusionNC‐AMRI and HBP‐AMRI showed no significant difference in detection performance to that of full‐sequence gadoxetic acid‐enhanced MRI during secondary surveillance for HCC after more than 2‐year disease free interval following curative treatment. Based on its good detection performance, short scan time, and lack of contrast agent‐associated risks, NC‐AMRI is a promising option for the secondary surveillance of HCC.Evidence Level3.Technical EfficacyStage 2.
Tipburn resilience in lettuce (Lactuca spp.) – the importance of germplasm resources and production system‐specific assays
Authors: Beacham Andrew M , Hand Paul , Teakle Graham R , Barker Guy C , Pink David A C , Monaghan James M 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDTipburn is a physiological disorder of lettuce (Lactuca spp.). It causes discoloration and collapse of leaf margins, leading to unsaleable crops in both protected (glasshouse, hydroponic) and outdoor production systems. The occurrence of tipburn is hard to predict and is sensitive to environmental conditions. Phenotyping for tipburn resilience requires diverse germplasm resources and, to date, limited material has been investigated for this condition.RESULTSUsing a Lactuca diversity fixed foundation set (DFFS) under glasshouse conditions, we identified a significant (P < 0.001) genotypic effect on tipburn resilience across both the entire population and across lines belonging to the cultivated species L. sativa alone. Latuca sativa lines exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher average tipburn severity than those belonging to the wild species L. saligna, L. serriola, and L. virosa but we were able to identify both cultivated and wild tipburn‐resilient lines. Leaf morphology factors, which included pigmentation, width, and serration, also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced tipburn resilience. Using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population derived from two DFFS lines, different small‐effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) accounting for 12.3% and 25.2% of total tipburn variation were identified in glasshouse and field conditions, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThese results reflect the advantages of phenotyping under production‐system‐specific conditions for the examination of environmentally sensitive traits and highlight genetic markers and germplasm resources for the development of tipburn resilient lines for use in both protected and outdoor lettuce production. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guan Hong‐Yu , Yuan Yi , Gao Kai , Luo Hong‐Xia 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWe aim to evaluate the analgesic efficacy and safety of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgeries.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CBM, Embase, Cochrane, Wanfang, VIPP, and CNKI were searched to identify published eligible randomized controlled trials. The primary results were the postoperative 24 h morphine consumption and pain scores, while the secondary outcomes included pain scores at other times, press times of patient‐controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA), times to request for first rescue analgesia, the incidence of request for rescue analgesia, opioid‐related complications, nerve blocks related complications and patient satisfaction.ResultsWe included 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, which involved 1293 participants. The morphine consumption and the pain scores during 24 h postoperatively were significantly decreased in the ESPB group versus the control group (p < 0.00001). Furthermore, ESPB also reduced pain scores at other time points, press times of PCIA, and times to first rescue analgesia requirement. Meanwhile, there was a lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and skin pruritus in the ESPB group than in the control group.ConclusionsCompared to general anesthesia alone, ESPB combined with general anesthesia can effectively reduce the postoperative pain intensity within 48 h and opioid consumption within 24 h after breast cancer surgery, and reduce the incidence of opioid and nerve blocks related complications.
Caulerpa lentillifera Seaweed Extract as Natural Sensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Zakaria Puteri Najihah Megat , Noor Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd , Winie Tan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractChlorophyll natural dye is deemed as an attractive alternative to the expensive and toxic nature Ruthenium‐based dyes, due to its abundance in nature. In this work, the chlorophyll is extracted from the Caulerpa lentillifera seaweed. The absorption spectrum of C. lentillifera shows absorbance in 400–450 and 650–700 nm. The acetone produces the highest yield for the C. lentillifera seaweed, followed by ethanol and methanol. The adherence of chlorophyll pigment to the surface of TiO2 is supported by the FTIR, FESEM, and EDX analyses. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are fabricated with poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF‐HFP) based gel‐like electrolyte and chlorophyll from C. lentillifera seaweed. The effect of the thickness of the TiO2 mesoporous layer on the light harvesting ability of DSSCs is monitored. The highest efficiency of 0.20% is achieved with a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 0.52 mA cm−2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.58 V and the fill factor (ff) of 0.65. The stability of C. lentillifera seaweed extract in DSSCs is reported.
Density Functional Studies of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine Reveals Higher Reactivity and Potential of Anionic Form of Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Kumar Harsh , Sehrawat Rajeev , Tyagi Deepak , Mittal Rashmi , Gupta Bhupesh , Pandey S. P. , Singh O. P. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDensity functional (B3LYP)/6‐31G calculations have been performed on the electronic structure of neutral, cationic, and anionic from of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Net atomic charges, bond length, dipole moment, and total energy of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are compared in order to explore the finer details of these molecules. Comparison shows that redistribution of charges on anionic form of hydroxychloroquine is over larger range as compared to other forms hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which favors the experimental results of pharmacokinetic studies.
Humidity‐Dependent Ion Conduction Mechanism of PVA‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Films
Authors: Kumar Kailash , Mehrotra Kushal , Raj Ashish , Pandey Shri Prakash , Bhattacharya Bhaskar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolymer electrolytes are studied worldwide for their possible applications in various electrochemical devices. In the last few decades, a large number of polymer electrolytes have been developed and characterized. However, in most cases, the effect of humidity has been ignored. In this paper, we report a systematic study on a polymer electrolyte's electrical and dielectric properties at different humidity. The chosen system is a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) based polymer electrolyte in which potassium iodide (KI) with differing weight percentage is selected as the dopant salt for the synthesis of PVA‐KI films. Four different compositions of PVA‐KI films are synthesized using the solution cast technique. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique is used to determine its conductivity at three different humidity levels: 55%, 75%, and 85%. Analysis of dielectric permittivity and electrical modulus of the films is also done at these humidity levels. The highest conductivity for all the four different compositions of films is found to be at 85% humidity level, of which the optimum ionic conductivity is seen in the 75:25 composition of PVA:KI with a value of 1.25×10−4 S cm−1.The number of charge carriers and their mobility are calculated for all samples at different humidity levels. A correlation has been established between the conductivity of the films and the mobility of charge carriers.
Transmission Properties of a One‐Dimensional Defective Photonic Crystal Structure of Air/Magnetized‐Cold‐Plasma
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Pandey Girijesh Narayan , Lamba Aditi , Suthar Bhuvneshwer 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the transmission characteristics, of an asymmetric periodic structure of air/LHP‐MCP is considered as LHPPC, are determined. In this study, the same structure with symmetrically introduced defect layer of MCP, as (AB)N/2B(BA)N/2, under same configuration is also analyzed. The authors find that, with an increase in magnitude of magnetizing field, the transmittance in such PCs increase. The transmittance in defect‐introduced PC is low as compared to corresponding LHPPC without defect. It is investigated that the cutoff value of frequency (GHz) for transmission for the defective LHPPC decreases with an increase in magnetic field similar to those of the PC without defect. Here, the complete bandgap obtained at a higher frequency range in the spectra of the defective PC exhibits defect mode and disappears at B = −0.8T, which is disappearing at B = −0.6T in case of the PC without defect. It is demonstrated that both the PCs show broadband reflector behaviors at lower frequency range with low magnetic field, viz. B = −0.2T, while the impact of defect is to further reduce the transmission in MCP‐based PC, for chosen values of the magnetic field. The obtained results under this analysis may be referred in designing broadband reflectors as well as multichannel transmitters and high transmitter with low and high magnetic fields, respectively. The shifting in the cutoff frequency for transmission with magnetic field shows the applications of such PCs in switching devices.
Electrical and Structural Properties of PEMA‐Based Plasticized Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit , Bhargava Cherry , Alheety Mustafa A , Sharma Jyoti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo resolve the challenges that portable devices confront, polymer electrolytes should be developed. Polymer electrolytes have a number of advantages, including nonflammability, low cost, high stability, no leakage, and a long lifespan. In the present research work, PEMA host polymer with potassium iodide salt enclosure is used with ethylene carbonate (EC) plasticizer to enhance mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. The PEMA+40% wt Kl sample conductivity is measured by complex impedance spectroscopy technique and the maximum conductivity obtained is 3.80×10−6S cm‐1at room temperature. When EC is added into the solution, there is an increase in conductivity, and the maximum conductivity measured is 4.65×10−5S cm‐1with sample PEMA+40% wt KI+ %60 wt EC. The prepared electrolyte structural changes and complex formation are subjected to FTIR and XRD characterization techniques. The pore nature of the synthesized polymer electrolyte is investigated using surface electron microscopy.
Carbon Tax and Inflationary Conditions under Learning Effects: A Green EOQ Inventory Model
Authors: Ahmad Naeem , Jaysawal Mahesh Kumar , Sangal Isha , Kumar Santosh , Alam Khursheed 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNow a day, green retail operations drive in many fields to improve the quality of deteriorating items during the delivery of the green items to his customer. In the present paper, retailer receives greening items from the seller and stores it. After received lot of greening items, retailer starts packing of greening items to maintain the quality of greening items and safe from some germs. We are considering that the holding units exit carbon units which are harmful to the environments. Retailer includes carbon emission cost and green packing cost and also invests on greening items to control the greening degree of the product. This paper deals a green economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model with learning effect for decaying greening items under the inflationary condition and credit financing. An expression for the total cost of the retailer has been minimized with respect to cycle length in the environments of green operations. The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of greening degree and trade‐credit financing with the learning effect and inflationary condition under carbon emissions on the retailer's total inventory cost. An expression for the total cost of the retailer has been minimized with respect to cycle length in the environments of green operations. Conclusively, sensitive analysis has been presented as a consequence of numerical examples.
Effect of TiO2 Nanoparticle on PEMA‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Singh Palvinder , Sachdeva Amit , Bhargava Cherry , Kakroo Sunanda 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe key goals in developing electrolytes for batteries and solar panels are mechanical strength, ionic conductivity, leakage resistance, and safety. To improve ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, a PEMA‐based electrolyte with potassium iodide as salt, ethylene carbonate as plasticizer, and nanofillers is used. To make a thin polymer matrix film, a solution casting approach is used. PEMA+40% wt. KI+60% wt. EC has a maximum ionic conductivity of 4.65×10−5 S cm‐1 when measured using the LC method. After adding CNT, the conductivity of this sample reaches 2.95×10−3 S cm‐1. Scanning electron microscopy is used to analyze the surface morphology and crystallinity determined by XRD measurements. FTIR research verifies the existence of several components in solid polymer electrolyte.
Green Tea Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibits Preadipocyte Growth via the microRNA‐let‐7a/HMGA2 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Wen‐Ting , Yang Meei‐Ju , Tsuei Yi‐Wei , Su Tsung‐Chen , Siao An‐Ci , Kuo Yow‐Chii , Huang Ling‐Ru , Chen Yi , Chen Sy‐Jou , Chen Po‐Chuan , Cheng Ching‐Feng , Ku Hui‐Chen , Kao Yung‐Hsi 
Published: February 2023

ScopeThis study investigates the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on white and beige preadipocyte growth and explores the involvement of the miR‐let‐7a/HMGA2 pathway.Methods and results3T3‐L1 and D12 cells are treated with EGCG. The effect of EGCG on cell proliferation and viability is evaluated, as well as microRNA (miRNA)‐related signaling pathways. EGCG inhibits 3T3‐L1 and D12 preadipocyte growth, upregulates miR‐let‐7a expression, and downregulates high‐mobility group AT‐hook 2 (HMGA2) mRNA and protein levels in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of miR‐let‐7a significantly inhibits the growth of 3T3‐L1 and D12 cells and decreases HMGA2 mRNA and protein levels. MiR‐let‐7a inhibitor antagonizes the inhibitory effects of EGCG on the number and viability of 3T3‐L1 and D12 cells. Furthermore, miR‐let‐7a inhibitor reverses the EGCG‐induced increase in miR‐let‐7a expression levels and decrease in HMGA2 mRNA and protein levels. HMGA2 overexpression induces an increase in cell number and viability and antagonizes EGCG‐suppressed cell growth and HMGA2 expression in 3T3‐L1 and D12 preadipocytes.ConclusionEGCG inhibits the growth of 3T3‐L1 and D12 preadipocytes by modulating the miR‐let‐7a and HMGA2 pathways.
Barley Phenolamides Effectively Scavenge Harmful Methylglyoxal In Vitro and in Mice
Authors: Wang Weixin , Zhu Yingdong , Sang Shengmin 
Published: February 2023

ScopeMethylglyoxal (MGO), a harmful reactive dicarbonyl, is involved in the pathogenesis and development of diabetes and diabetic complications. The goal of this study is to determine whether bioactive phenolamides in barley, p‐coumaroylagmatine (pCAA) and feruloylagmatine (FAA), which share a similar guanidine group to diabetic drug metformin, have the capacity to detoxify MGO.Methods and resultsIn this study, the MGO‐trapping abilities of these two phenolamides both in vitro and in mice are evaluated. It is found that in vitro anti‐MGO capacities of pCAA and FAA are comparable to that of metformin, and both phenolamides could rapidly scavenge MGO via forming mono‐ and di‐MGO adducts validated by in‐house synthesized standards and interpretation of respective LC‐MSn (n = 2–3) data. Furthermore, mono‐MGO conjugates of phenolamides are detected from feces and urine of mice after oral administration of the corresponding phenolamides.ConclusionThese findings suggest that barley phenolamides may have the potentials to be developed as alternative therapeutics to prevent the development of MGO‐associated diabetes and diabetic complications.