bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of factors that impact medical student consideration of a career in otolaryngology
Authors: Kress Mary H. , Thomas Evan , Turbeville Hannah , Lenze Nicholas R. , Williams Brent , Pleasant Terrence , Bohm Lauren 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo identify differences in timing of exposure and demographic characteristics between medical students who did and did not consider Otolaryngology as a career choice.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study involved developing and distributing a survey by an interdisciplinary team to assess exposure to Otolaryngology and individual consideration of pursuing Otolaryngology. The survey was administered electronically to third‐ and fourth‐year medical students at a single medical school, with a small monetary incentive for completion. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and logistic regression models were used for analysis.ResultsA total of 172 survey responses were collected out of 374 third‐ and fourth‐year medical students (46%). A total of 74 (43.0%) respondents considered Otolaryngology during medical school. Exposure to Otolaryngology prior to medical school was significantly associated with choosing Otolaryngology (71.4%) compared to those who lacked exposure (28.6%) (p = .048). There was no significant gender difference among students who considered Otolaryngology (p = .537). However, our results showed significant differences between those who considered Otolaryngology by race (p = .003). Black/African American (OR = 0.11, 95% CI 0.01–0.99; p = .049) and Hispanic or Latino (OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.65; p = .012) were less likely to consider Otolaryngology when compared to those identifying as White when adjusted for exposure prior to medical school.ConclusionsOur results showed that early exposure and demographic background impact a student's decision to consider Otolaryngology as a career. These findings highlight the need for robust recruitment initiatives. Avenues like pipeline and mentorship programs are recommended to recruit and attract diverse applicants to Otolaryngology.Level of Evidence3
Elastic cartilage properties of the tip of the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage
Authors: Sato Kiminori , Chitose Shun‐ichi , Sato Kiminobu , Sato Fumihiko , Ono Takeharu , Umeno Hirohito 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the histological and ultrastructural features of the elastic cartilage at the tip of the vocal process in the arytenoid cartilage, which is essential for laryngeal biomechanics.MethodsFive larynges, including the vocal folds and epiglottis, were examined using transmission electron microscopy. The elastic cartilage at the tip of the vocal process was compared to the epiglottic cartilage within the same larynx to elucidate structural differences.ResultsThe elastic cartilage at the vocal process tip consisted of chondrocytes, elastic fibers, collagen fibrils, and ground substances. Chondrocytes in the vocal process were smaller and not distinctly isolated in cartilage cavities (lacunae), unlike those in the epiglottis. Cytoplasmic analysis showed abundant free ribosomes and well‐developed granular endoplasmic reticula, often with dilated cisternae. Amorphous materials were synthesized at the periphery of the cytoplasm and secreted through vesicles. The cartilage matrices were composed of elastic fibers, collagen fibrils, microfibrils, and proteoglycans. The density of elastic fibers was notably higher where elaunin fibers predominated. Collagen fibrils were thin, randomly oriented, and did not form thick bundles. Microfibrils formed delicate three‐dimensional networks with other extracellular matrix components. And proteoglycan granules were located in the interstitial spaces among other cartilage matrix components and attached to them.ConclusionsThe unique structural features of the elastic cartilage at the tip of vocal process, when compared to the epiglottic cartilage, suggest a specialized functional role in maintaining the flexibility and resilience required for vocal fold adduction and abduction during phonation and other laryngeal functions.Level of evidence: NA
Inpatient total thyroidectomy costs and outcomes vary regionally: A nationwide study
Authors: Choudhry Hannaan S. , Patel Aman M. , Lemdani Mehdi S. , Choudhry Hassaam S. , Revercomb Lucy , Patel Rushi , Park Richard Chan Woo , Fang Christina H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesWhile it is known that surgical costs continue to rise in the United States, there is little information about the specific underlying factors for this variation in many common procedures. This study investigates the influence of geographic location and hospital demographics on hospital cost and postoperative outcomes in adult patients undergoing total thyroidectomy (TT).MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample was queried for patients who underwent primary TT between 2016 and 2017. Multivariable analyses were conducted to determine estimates and odds ratios (OR) between various hospital factors and total cost, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and non‐home discharge. Reference categories were small bed‐size and Northeast region.ResultsA weighted total of 16,880 patients with mean age of 50.6 years were included. Most patients were female (73.8%), White (57.0%), and treated at Southern (32.4%), large bed‐size (65.1%), and urban teaching (82.7%) hospitals. Medium and large bed‐size hospitals were associated with a 6.5% (p < .001) and 7.5% (p < .001) reduction in TT cost, respectively. TT cost was greatest in the West, associated with a 32.4% increase (p < .001). Patients in the Midwest (OR 1.366, p = .011) had prolonged LOS, whereas patients treated in the Midwest (OR 0.436, p < .001), South (OR 0.438, p < .001), and West (OR 0.502, p < .001) had lower odds of non‐home discharge.ConclusionThere is geographic variation in both costs and outcomes of TT. Although Northeastern hospitals had the lowest costs for TT, they were associated with the greatest odds for non‐home discharge.Level of evidence: IV
3D Terahertz Confocal Imaging with Chromatic Metasurface
Authors: You Xiaolong , Ako Rajour Tanyi , Sriram Sharath , Withayachumnankul Withawat 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTerahertz confocal imaging allows 3D see‐through of a non‐metallic object with high resolution. Conventional methods acquiring 3D images of thick objects suffer from limited depth‐of‐field, constrained depth resolution, and/or inconsistent spatial resolution at different depths. To address these limitations, the intrinsic chromatic aberration of a typical focusing metasurface is exploited to achieve frequency‐dependent focal lengths. An object located within this extended focal range can be readily 3D inspected by performing 2D raster scans. A rigorous analysis reveals that the focal spot maintains a constant waist diameter of 2.4 mm (equivalent to 2.2 at 275 GHz) and migrates 68.1 mm (equivalent to 62.4, or 16.4 times of Rayleigh length, or 1.4‐fold of the designed focal length at 275 GHz) from 175 to 525 GHz, and thus achieving a consistent spatial resolution and a large depth‐of‐field for 3D imaging. Importantly, this large depth‐of‐field is achieved with a relatively high numerical aperture of around 0.42. Measurements conducted between 220 and 330 GHz exhibit close agreement with the calculation. To demonstrate its imaging functionality, two stacked papers with different texts, a mobile phone, and earphones concealed in a charging case are imaged, where a short‐time Fourier transform is implemented in the time‐domain terahertz images to enhance image contrast. The presented metasurface is technologically significant for imaging systems to rapidly inspect objects in 3D with exceptional resolutions. Its potential applications include in‐situ defect detection and object identification in security screening.
Controlled Release of a Hydrophobic Fluorescent Molecule From Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polycaprolactone Composite Thin Films
Authors: Cheng Yuran , Ishida Mako , Takeoka Shinji 
Published: January 2025

AbstractDrugs with low water solubility comprise a significant proportion of pharmaceutical compounds. To control the release of these drugs, polymer thin‐film formulations with a physical hydrophobic barrier layer do not provide ideal release profiles. In this study, polymer carriers with hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the barrier layer are developed, and investigated the effect of the PVA film thickness on the release of hydrophobic molecules. Instead of an aqueous system, an oil‐based system is used to measure membrane permeability, and Nile Red is used as the hydrophobic model drug. PVA thin films are prepared with polycaprolactone as the supportive layer, which retained their permeability. In the limited thickness range investigated, PVA thin films exhibited thickness‐dependent permeability toward the hydrophobic model drug.
G9a an Epigenetic Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Conditions: From Target Discovery to Clinical Trials
Authors: Bellver‐Sanchis Aina , Ribalta‐Vilella Marta , Irisarri Alba , Gehlot Pinky , Choudhary Bhanwar Singh , Jana Abhisek , Vyas Vivek Kumar , Banerjee Deb Ranjan , Pallàs Mercè , Guerrero Ana , Griñán‐Ferré Christian 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of G9a/EHMT2, focusing on its structure and exploring the impact of its pharmacological and/or gene inhibition in various neurological diseases. In addition, we delve into the advancements in the design and synthesis of G9a/EHMT2 inhibitors, which hold promise not only as a treatment for neurodegeneration diseases but also for other conditions, such as cancer and malaria. Besides, we presented the discovery of dual therapeutic approaches based on G9a inhibition and different epigenetic enzymes like histone deacetylases, DNA methyltransferases, and other lysine methyltransferases. Hence, findings offer valuable insights into developing novel and promising therapeutic strategies targeting G9a/EHMT2 for managing these neurological conditions.
Bounds for the p‐Numerical Radius Through Singular Values
Authors: Kittaneh Fuad , Moradi Hamid Reza , Sababheh Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we prove some bounds for the ‐numerical radius as natural extensions of certain known bounds for the numerical radius. This complements many recent studies in this direction.Among many results, we show that if is an complex matrix, with Aluthge transform , then for ,
where and denote the ‐numerical radius and the Schatten ‐norm, respectively. This extends a celebrated result by Yamazaki, who showed the same result when .
A Novel Algorithm and Its Convergence Analysis for Solving the Generalized Split Inverse Problem
Authors: Eslamian Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider a bilevel problem: Variational inequalities over the solution set of a general split inverse problem consists of a monotone variational inclusion problem. We propose a relaxed inertial forward‐backward‐forward splitting algorithm with a new step size rule for finding an approximate solution of this problem in real Hilbert spaces. Under some mild conditions, we prove a strong convergence theorem for the algorithm produced by the method. Also, we apply our result to study certain classes of bilevel optimization problems, and split inverse problems. Finally, we present some numerical experiments and application in signal recovery problem to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Decay of Solutions of Nonhomogenous Hyperbolic Equations
Authors: Bies Piotr Michał 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWe consider conditions for the decay in time of solutions of nonhomogenous hyperbolic equations. It is proven that solutions of the equations go to 0 in at infinity if and only if an equation's right‐hand side uniquely determines the initial conditions in a certain way. We also obtain that a hyperbolic equation has a unique solution that vanishes when .
Constrained Minimizers of the Fourth‐Order Schrödinger Equation With Saturable Nonlinearity
Authors: Han Zeye 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we consider the existence of normalized solutions for the following fourth‐order Schrödinger equation with saturated nonlinearity: , where , and is a bounded function. We prove that there exists , such that the fourth‐order Schrödinger equation admits a radial ground‐state normalized solution if . Furthermore, we obtain that the estimates of upper bound for the ground‐state energy and the upper and lower bounds for the Lagrange multiplier .
Thermoelectric Device Based on Microstrip Nanoantennas for Distributed Radar Networks
Authors: Mendez‐Lozoya Javier , González Francisco J. , Salinas Emanuel , Keller Steven , Yacaman Miguel José 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTA device comprised of gold patch antennas with Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 thermoelectric lines has been fabricated using optical lithography and characterized using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to analyze the thermoelectric voltage as a function of electromagnetic power. Simulation results show that this device has a resonance at 10 GHz. The calculated bandwidth for this dual microstrip patch is 7 GHz which is an improvement over non‐thermoelectric rectangular microstrip patches which are known to be narrow‐band antennas. Experimental results where the source antenna power was varied from 0 to 10 mW (−20 dB) show that the resulting thermoelectric voltage measured at the thermoelectric antenna ranged from 0 to 17.5 µV. Hence, the thermoelectric device based in microstrip nanoantennas has a responsivity of 1.75 µV/mW.
Advocacy on a Tightrope: Effects of Government Funding and Perceived Support for Advocacy on Nonprofit Cooperative and Confrontational Advocacy Tactics
Authors: Carré Björn , Oosterlynck Stijn , Verschuere Bram , Raeymaeckers Peter 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn nonprofit literature, there is evidence that a more relative dependence on public funding tends to result in nonprofits relying more heavily on insider/cooperative rather than outsider/confrontational advocacy. This led some researchers to believe that there is a resource imbalance between nonprofits and governments while others were convinced of a balance. However, there is hardly any empirical evidence that tests these assumptions. In this paper, we aim to address this research gap by examining the moderating effect of public funding and public service delivery on the relationship between nonprofit perceptions of government support for advocacy and advocacy tactics. Based on a survey of Flemish nonprofits, we find that these nonprofit organizations more frequently use cooperative insider rather than confrontational outsider tactics. Moreover, public funding and public service delivery are important explanatory and moderating variables.
Disparities in Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients With Submucous Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Dysfunction
Authors: Eljamri Soukaina , Reddy Pooja D. , Shaffer Amber , Harley Randall J. , Jabbour Noel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate factors impacting access to and timing of surgery in patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle academic medical center.MethodsPatients with SMCP and VPD between 2004 and 2021 were identified. Variables included national and state area deprivation index (ADI) percentiles, child opportunity index (COI) categories, distance to care, and insurance status. χ2, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank‐sum, Spearman rank correlation, t test, and linear regression (α = .05) were used to investigate the relationships between these variables and surgical status and timing.ResultsA total of 168 patients were included, 94 surgical and 74 nonsurgical. Patients were predominantly white (160/168; 95.2%), Male (103/168; 61.3%), and non‐Hispanic (153/168; 91.1%). There were no intergroup differences with respect to ADI, COI, insurance status, or distance from the hospital. Surgical patients were more likely to have overt SMCP (P = .03), earlier age at SMCP diagnosis (P = .02), and higher baseline Pittsburgh weighted speech score (PWSS) (P = <.001). In multivariable regression, younger age at surgery was found to be significantly associated with higher baseline PWSS (P = .001) and lower state ADI deciles (P = .03). Patients with private insurance had a lower baseline PWSS than those with public insurance (P = .04). Insurance status was not significantly associated with age at diagnosis (P = .79) or age at surgery (P = .08).ConclusionIn this study, patients from less disadvantaged neighborhoods were found to have earlier surgical intervention, highlighting the importance of incorporating social determinants of health in the evaluation of VPD and SMCP patients to prevent treatment delays.
Effect of a Culturally Adapted Exercise Program on the Anthropometrics and Body Composition of Postmenopausal Women With Excess Weight Gain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bonsu Isaac Mensah , Brandt Corlia , Ajidahun Adedayo Tunde , Myezwa Hellen 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is recommended as a component of weight management for the prevention of weight gain and weight regain after weight loss. Yet, no study has adapted culturally appropriate PA for postmenopausal women's health.AimsThe study aimed to investigate the effect of a developed culturally appropriate exercise program for Ghanaian postmenopausal women with excess weight gain on the anthropometrics and body composition.Material and methodsA single‐blind randomized controlled trial in which participants randomly received a culturally‐induced exercise program. A total of 226 Ghanaian postmenopausal women were randomized into exercise and control groups for 12 weeks. Anthropometrics (body mass index [BMI], waist‐to‐hip ratio [WHR], waist‐to‐height ratio [WHtR] waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC], and weight) and body composition (body fat, visceral fat, muscle mass) were determined pre‐and post‐intervention.ResultsAverage of 58.70 ± 6.38 years (p > 0.05) with more than half (52.1%) above 58 years. Except for WHR, there were statistically significant differences in weight, BMI, WHtR, visceral fat, and total body fat in the exercise and control groups. Muscle mass increased significantly (+0.21 kg), whereas HC (−2.46 cm) and WC (−1.39 cm) decreased significantly compared with the control group. Within the exercise group, when stratified by BMI, there were higher reductions in BMI (1.01 kg/m2 vs. 0.46 kg/m2), WC (2.18 cm vs. 0.22 cm), body weight (2.12 kg vs. 1.17 kg) and body fat (1.84% vs. 1.6%) in women with obesity compared with women with overweight.ConclusionThe promotion of Indigenous physical activity in postmenopausal women is beneficial. This has implications for health professionals who prescribe physical activity in postmenopausal women's treatment plans.Trial RegistrationPACTR202301779437544
Policy Imitation Based on Similarities: The Diffusion of Public–Private Partnerships
Authors: Xiong Min , Cheng Shaoming , Zhao Jerry Zhirong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPolicy imitation likely occurs among similar jurisdictions. The extant literature primarily focuses on geographic proximity or ideological congruence, while overlooking multifaceted similarities in the diffusion of public policies. This study explores the adoption and spread of public–private partnerships (PPP) across China's cities, specifically examining the extent to which three distinctive similarity measures influence PPP policy imitation. In addition to geographic proximity and economic resemblance, equivalent positioning in China's administrative hierarchy captures a managerial aspect of similarity to understand policy imitation among resembling cities. Three corresponding spatial autoregressive panel models are used, respectively. The findings suggest that cities in China imitate their geographic, economic, and administrative peers while directing PPP investments. Relative closeness in the administrative hierarchy of cities exerts a greater influence on policy imitation than economic resemblance and spatial proximity.
Influence of Weather on Sickle Cell Disease Vaso‐Occlusive Episodes and Acute Chest Syndrome: A Nationwide Sample Analysis
Authors: Desai Neha J. , Gonzalez‐Herrera Ana Lucia , Malay Sindhoosha , Brown Tracie , Owusu‐Ansah Amma , Ahuja Sanjay 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease (SCD) result in significant morbidity and healthcare costs. The effect of weather as a risk factor for the development of vaso‐occlusive episodes (VOEs) has been previously studied, although with variable results. The aim of our retrospective, nationwide study was to determine the association between weather patterns and pediatric VOE and acute chest syndrome (ACS).ProcedureDemographic and clinical data were obtained between 2015 and 2022 from the Pediatric Health Information System and merged with weather data from the National Climatic Data Center.ResultsWe observed a higher incidence of VOE and ACS admissions during the colder months. Results also revealed a negative association between VOE admissions and average temperature, whereas a positive association was found for ACS admissions.ConclusionMedical providers should continue to counsel patients with SCD to take appropriate precautions during cold weather.
Access Program for Unapproved and Off‐Label Drug Use in Pediatric BRAF V600E‐Mutated Brain Tumors in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Maya , Koga Yuhki , Kawasaki Terumi , Ueda Tamaki , Yamamoto Shunsuke , Goto Hironori , Kishimoto Junji , Ishida Eiko , Todaka Koji , Sonoda Koh‐hei , Oda Yoshinao , Koji Yoshimoto , Sakai Yasunari , Ohga Shouichi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrograms allowing access to investigational drugs and off‐label drug use for serious diseases have often been applied to pediatric cancers. A clinical study conducted under the Japanese “Patient‐Proposed Healthcare Services” evaluated the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib plus trametinib in children with BRAF V600 mutant glioma (jRCTs071210071). This study successfully provided unapproved and off‐label medications to four enrolled patients, two with low‐grade glioma and two with high‐grade glioma (median age: 10.5 years), until regulatory approval. The timeframe and data collection from such access programs need to be optimized for pediatric patients in accordance with the healthcare system of each nation.