bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic numerical simulations of diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance: The effects of perfusion and membrane permeability
Authors: Alemany Ignasi , Rose Jan N. , Ferreira Pedro F. , Pennell Dudley J. , Nielles‐Vallespin Sonia , Scott Andrew D. , Doorly Denis J. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo study the sensitivity of diffusion tensor cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DT‐CMR) to microvascular perfusion and changes in cell permeability.MethodsMonte Carlo (MC) random walk simulations in the myocardium have been performed to simulate self‐diffusion of water molecules in histology‐based media with varying extracellular volume fraction (ECV) and permeable membranes. The effect of microvascular perfusion on simulations of the DT‐CMR signal has been incorporated by adding the contribution of particles traveling through an anisotropic capillary network to the diffusion signal. The simulations have been performed considering three pulse sequences with clinical gradient strengths: monopolar stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM), monopolar pulsed‐gradient spin echo (PGSE), and second‐order motion‐compensated spin echo (MCSE).ResultsReducing ECV intensifies the diffusion restriction and incorporating membrane permeability reduces the anisotropy of the diffusion tensor. Widening the intercapillary velocity distribution results in increased measured diffusion along the cardiomyocytes long axis when the capillary networks are anisotropic. Perfusion amplifies the mean diffusivity for STEAM while the opposite is observed for short diffusion encoding time sequences (PGSE and MCSE).ConclusionThe effect of perfusion on the measured diffusion tensor is reduced using an increased reference b‐value. Our results pave the way for characterization of the response of DT‐CMR to microstructural changes underlying cardiac pathology and highlight the higher sensitivity of STEAM to permeability and microvascular circulation due to its longer diffusion encoding time.
Spiral inflow MRA with sliding‐slice localized quadratic encoding
Authors: Wang Dinghui , Krishnamoorthy Guruprasad , Ooi Melvyn B. , Pipe James G. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeThis work proposes a 2D/3D hybrid inflow MRA technique for fast scanning and high SNR and contrast‐to‐noise (CNR) efficiencies.MethodsLocalized quadratic (LQ) encoding was combined with a sliding‐slice spiral acquisition. Inflow MRAs around the circle of Willis and the carotid bifurcations were collected on four healthy volunteers. Spiral images were deblurred without or with water–fat separation for sliding‐slice LQ (ssLQ) out‐of‐phase (OP) and Dixon inflow MRAs, respectively. Results were compared to multiple overlapping thin slab acquisitions (MOTSA) and 2D OP inflow MRAs. Noise data were also acquired with RF and gradients turned off to compute maps of SNR and SNR efficiency. Quantitative assessment of relative contrast, CNR, and CNR efficiency for flow were performed in regions of interest.ResultsThe sliding‐slice spiral technique alone reduces scan time by 10% to 40% compared with a standard spiral acquisition scheme. The proposed spiral ssLQ OP achieves 50% higher scan speed than the spiral MOTSA with comparable SNR and CNR efficiencies, which are ∼100% higher than the Cartesian MOTSA for intracranial inflow MRAs. Spiral ssLQ Dixon inflow MRA provides better visibility for vessels around the fat compared to spiral ssLQ OP inflow MRA, with a trade‐off of scan speed. Spiral ssLQ MRA with thinner slice thickness is two to five times faster than the 2D Cartesian inflow neck MRA around the carotid bifurcations, while also achieving higher SNR efficiency.ConclusionThe proposed spiral ssLQ is a fast and flexible MRA method with improved SNR and CNR efficiencies over traditional Cartesian inflow MRAs.
SSL‐QALAS: Self‐Supervised Learning for rapid multiparameter estimation in quantitative MRI using 3D‐QALAS
Authors: Jun Yohan , Cho Jaejin , Wang Xiaoqing , Gee Michael , Grant P. Ellen , Bilgic Berkin , Gagoski Borjan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop and evaluate a method for rapid estimation of multiparametric T1, T2, proton density, and inversion efficiency maps from 3D‐quantification using an interleaved Look‐Locker acquisition sequence with T2 preparation pulse (3D‐QALAS) measurements using self‐supervised learning (SSL) without the need for an external dictionary.MethodsAn SSL‐based QALAS mapping method (SSL‐QALAS) was developed for rapid and dictionary‐free estimation of multiparametric maps from 3D‐QALAS measurements. The accuracy of the reconstructed quantitative maps using dictionary matching and SSL‐QALAS was evaluated by comparing the estimated T1 and T2 values with those obtained from the reference methods on an International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom. The SSL‐QALAS and the dictionary‐matching methods were also compared in vivo, and generalizability was evaluated by comparing the scan‐specific, pre‐trained, and transfer learning models.ResultsPhantom experiments showed that both the dictionary‐matching and SSL‐QALAS methods produced T1 and T2 estimates that had a strong linear agreement with the reference values in the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine/National Institute of Standards and Technology phantom. Further, SSL‐QALAS showed similar performance with dictionary matching in reconstructing the T1, T2, proton density, and inversion efficiency maps on in vivo data. Rapid reconstruction of multiparametric maps was enabled by inferring the data using a pre‐trained SSL‐QALAS model within 10 s. Fast scan‐specific tuning was also demonstrated by fine‐tuning the pre‐trained model with the target subject's data within 15 min.ConclusionThe proposed SSL‐QALAS method enabled rapid reconstruction of multiparametric maps from 3D‐QALAS measurements without an external dictionary or labeled ground‐truth training data.
Bioinspired High‐Magnesium Calcite for Efficiently Reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand in Lake Water
Authors: Shang Li‐Mei , Li Si‐Cheng , Jiang Jun , Mao Li‐Bo , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractOrganic matter accumulation in water can cause serious problems such as oxygen depletion and quality deterioration of waters. While calcium carbonate has been used as green and low‐cost adsorbent for water treatment, its efficiency in reducing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of water, which is a measure of organic pollution, is restrained by the limited specific surface area and chemical activity. Herein, inspired by the high‐magnesium calcite (HMC) found in biological materials, a feasible method to synthesize fluffy dumbbell‐like HMC with large specific surface area is reported. The magnesium inserting increases the chemical activity of the HMC moderately but without lowering its stability too much. Therefore, the crystalline HMC can retain its phase and morphology in aqueous environment for hours, which allows the establishment of adsorption equilibrium between the solution and the adsorbent that retains its initial large specific surface area and improved chemical activity. Consequently, the HMC exhibits notably enhanced capability in reducing the COD of lake water polluted by organics. This work provides a synergistic strategy to rationally design high‐performance adsorbents by simultaneously optimizing the surface area and steering the chemical activity.
A Platform for Atomic Fabrication and In Situ Synthesis in a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope
Authors: Dyck Ondrej , Lupini Andrew R. , Jesse Stephen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe engineering of quantum materials requires the development of tools able to address various synthesis and characterization challenges. These include the establishment and refinement of growth methods, material manipulation, and defect engineering. Atomic‐scale modification will be a key enabling factor for engineering quantum materials where desired phenomena are critically determined by atomic structures. Successful use of scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) for atomic scale material manipulation has opened the door for a transformed view of what can be accomplished using electron‐beam‐based strategies. However, serious obstacles exist on the pathway from possibility to practical reality. One such obstacle is the in situ delivery of atomized material in the STEM to the region of interest for further fabrication processes. Here, progress on this front is presented with a view toward performing synthesis (deposition and growth) processes in a scanning transmission electron microscope in combination with top‐down control over the reaction region. An in situ thermal deposition platform is presented, tested, and deposition and growth processes are demonstrated. In particular, it is shown that isolated Sn atoms can be evaporated from a filament and caught on the nearby sample, demonstrating atomized material delivery. This platform is envisioned to facilitate real‐time atomic resolution imaging of growth processes and open new pathways toward atomic fabrication.
Stakeholder opinion‐led study to identify canine priority diseases for surveillance and control in the UK
Authors: Tamayo Cuartero Carmen , Radford Alan D. , Szilassy Eszter , Newton J. Richard , Sánchez‐Vizcaíno Fernando 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany pathogens cause disease in dogs; however, meaningful surveillance in small companion animals is often only possible for the most impactful diseases. We describe the first stakeholder opinion‐led approach to identify which canine infectious diseases should be prioritised for inclusion in surveillance and control strategies in the UK.MethodsParticipants were identified through a stakeholder analysis. A multicriteria decision analysis was undertaken to establish and weight epidemiological criteria for evaluating diseases, and a Delphi technique was employed to achieve a consensus among participants on the top‐priority canine diseases.ResultsNineteen stakeholders from multiple backgrounds participated in this study. Leptospirosis and parvovirus were identified as the top two endemic diseases of concern, while leishmaniosis and babesiosis were the top two exotic diseases. Respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases were identified as the top two syndromes of concern.LimitationsDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the number of participants was reduced. Despite this, a representative multidisciplinary sample of relevant stakeholders contributed to the present study.ConclusionsFindings from this study are being used to inform the development of a future UK‐wide epidemic response strategy. This methodology could provide a blueprint for other countries.
On string one-loop correction to the Einstein-Hilbert term and its implications on the Kähler potential
Authors: Kim Manki 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
To compute the string one-loop correction to the Kähler potential of moduli fields of string compactifications in Einstein-frame, one must compute: the string one-loop correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action, the string one-loop correction to the moduli kinetic terms, the string one-loop correction to the definition of the holomorphic coordinates. In this note, in the small warping limit, we compute the string one-loop correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action of type II string theory compactified on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefolds. We find that the one-loop correction is determined by the new supersymmetric index studied by Cecotti, Fendley, Intriligator, and Vafa and the Witten index. As a simple application, we apply our results to estimate the size of the one-loop corrections around a conifold point in the Kähler moduli space.
The torus one-point diagram in two-dimensional string cosmology
Authors: Rodriguez Victor A. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We calculate numerically the torus one-point string diagram in the two-dimensional string cosmology background by decomposing the one-point functions in c = 1 and c = 25 Liouville CFT into torus one-point Virasoro conformal blocks and integrating over the fundamental domain of the torus moduli space. We find a remarkably simple result as a function of the outgoing closed string energy. This torus one-point diagram is expected to contribute to the one-point cosmological wavefunction at order gs, and to the four-point cosmological wavefunction at order $$ {g}_s^2 $$

g
s
2

through the disconnected product of the torus one-point diagram and the sphere three-point diagram.
B-meson hadroproduction in the SACOT-mT scheme
Authors: Helenius Ilkka , Paukkunen Hannu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We apply the SACOT-mT general-mass variable flavour number scheme (GM-VFNS) to the inclusive B-meson production in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics. In the GM-VFNS approach one matches the fixed-order heavy-quark production cross sections, accurate at low transverse momentum (pT), with the zero-mass cross sections, accurate at high pT. The physics idea of the SACOT-mT scheme is to do this by accounting for the finite momentum transfer required to create a heavy quark-antiquark pair throughout the calculation. We compare our results with the latest LHC data from proton-proton and proton-lead collisions finding a very good agreement within the estimated theoretical uncertainties. We discuss also scheme-related differences and their impact on the scale uncertainties.
Kappa vacua: enhancing the Unruh temperature
Authors: Azizi Arash 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We provide further elaboration on kappa mode, which is a mode constructed by the linear combination of Rindler modes in the right and the left Rindler wedges, exhibiting norms with opposite signs. We establish a relation among different kappa vacua, resembling the thermofield double state. However, the energy of a kappa photon no longer exhibits a linear dependence on its frequency, unless the limit of κ → 0 (the Rindler vacuum) is taken into account. In other words, a kappa vacuum can be expressed in terms of the Rindler vacuum as the conventional thermofield double state, with the usual energy for a photon. However, it features a modified Unruh temperature given by $$ {T}_{\kappa }=\frac{\mathit{\hslash a}}{2\pi c{k}_B}\kappa $$

T
κ

=

ℏa

2
πc

k
B

κ
. Consequently, when a uniformly accelerated observer with an acceleration a is immersed in a κ-vacuum, they perceive a thermal bath. However, the temperature experienced by the observer is a modified Unruh temperature denoted as Tκ. Remarkably, the Unruh temperature can be enhanced by an arbitrary factor of κ.
In Situ Programming of CAR-T Cells: A Pressing Need in Modern Immunotherapy
Authors: Śledź Marta , Wojciechowska Alicja , Zagożdżon Radosław , Kaleta Beata 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell-based therapy has become a successful option for treatment of numerous hematological malignancies, but also raises hope in a range of non-malignant diseases. However, in a traditional approach, generation of CAR-T cells is associated with the separation of patient’s lymphocytes, their in vitro modification, and expansion and infusion back into patient’s bloodstream. This classical protocol is complex, time-consuming, and expensive. Those problems could be solved by successful protocols to produce CAR-T cells, but also CAR-natural killer cells or CAR macrophages, in situ, using viral platforms or non-viral delivery systems. Moreover, it was demonstrated that in situ CAR-T induction may be associated with reduced risk of the most common toxicities associated with CAR-T therapy, such as cytokine release syndrome, immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome, and “on-target, off-tumor” toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current state-of-the-art and future perspectives for the in situ-produced CAR-T cells. Indeed, preclinical work in this area, including animal studies, raises hope for prospective translational development and validation in practical medicine of strategies for in situ generation of CAR-bearing immune effector cells.
Frühkindliche psychische Störungen: Exzessives Schreien, Schlaf- und Fütterstörungen sowie Interventionen am Beispiel des „Münchner Modells“
Authors: Ziegler Margret , Wollwerth de Chuquisengo Ruth , Mall Volker , Licata-Dandel Maria 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungBis zu 20 % aller gesunden Säuglinge und Kleinkinder zeigen in den ersten Lebensjahren psychische Störungen im Sinne von untröstbarem Schreien (sog. Schreibabys), Schlaf- und Fütterstörungen. Nach Frühgeburt und bei Kindern mit neuropädiatrischen Erkrankungen finden sich noch deutlich häufiger vor allem langanhaltende Fütterstörungen und Schlafstörungen. Langfristig können sich daraus internalisierende und externalisierende Störungen im späteren Kindesalter entwickeln, häufig ist die Eltern-Kind-Beziehung belastet. Die Eltern schildern schwere Erschöpfung, extreme Verunsicherung und Hilflosigkeit.Kinderärztinnen und Hebammen sind die ersten Anlaufstellen für die Familien. Schreibabyambulanzen, wie die 1991 von Mechthild Papoušek gegründete „Münchner Sprechstunde für Schreibabys“ am kbo-Kinderzentrum-München, sind für die hochbelasteten Familien ein niederschwelliges Angebot und leisten einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Prävention von Vernachlässigungen, Misshandlungen und psychischen Folgeerkrankungen des Kindes. Behandlungskonzepte basieren auf der Eltern-Kleinkind- und Bindungsforschung und integrieren kind- und elternbezogene Therapieansätze.Während der COVID-19-Pandemie sind die psychosozialen Belastungen in den Familien gestiegen; dies war auch in den Schreibabyambulanzen deutlich spürbar.
Krisenreaktion zu Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie in Sammelunterkünften für Geflüchtete
Authors: Gold Andreas W. , Bozorgmehr Kayvan , Biddle Louise , Perplies Clara , Rast Eilin , Jahn Rosa 
Published: July 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Geflüchtete Menschen in Sammelunterkünften (SU) sind durch hohe Belegungsdichte und gemeinschaftlich genutzte Räume einem erhöhten SARS-CoV-2-Infektionsrisiko ausgesetzt. Unklar ist, mit welchen (organisationalen) Akteuren und in welcher Form die Aufnahmebehörden im Rahmen ihrer Krisenreaktion zur Eindämmung der COVID-19-Pandemie zusammenarbeiteten. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Aufnahmebehörden und weiteren an der Unterbringung und Versorgung beteiligten Akteuren während der ersten Welle der COVID-19-Pandemie darzustellen und Empfehlungen für eine zukünftig verbesserte Krisenreaktion abzuleiten.

Methoden
Datengrundlage bilden qualitative Interviews die im Zeitraum Mai–Juli 2020 mit Ansprechpersonen in Aufnahmebehörden, die für die Unterbringung von Geflüchteten zuständig sind (N = 46). Es erfolgen eine Visualisierung von Akteursnetzwerken und eine qualitative Analyse des Datenmaterials mittels Framework-Methode.

Ergebnisse
Die Aufnahmebehörden arbeiteten mit einer Vielzahl weiterer (organisationaler) Akteure zusammen. Am häufigsten wurden Gesundheitsämter, Sozialarbeiter*innen und Sicherheitsdienste genannt. Die Krisenreaktion fiel sehr unterschiedlich aus, häufig in Abhängigkeit von Engagement, Wissen und Einstellungen einzelner Personen und beteiligten Organisationen. Bei Abwesenheit einer koordinierenden Stelle konnte es zu Verzögerungen durch eine „Wartehaltung“ der beteiligten Akteure kommen.

Fazit
Die Krisenreaktion in SU für Geflüchtete würde von einer klaren Zuordnung der koordinierenden Funktion an einen geeigneten Akteur profitieren. Anstelle von Ad-hoc-Lösungen bedarf es nachhaltiger Verbesserungen im Sinne einer transformativen Resilienz, um strukturelle Vulnerabilitäten zu reduzieren.
A new modeling approach for the unrestricted block relocation problem
Authors: Kimms Alf , Wilschewski Fabian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe consider the block relocation problem (BRP), a combinatorial optimization problem that may arise in storage systems where items are organized in stacks. The objective is to retrieve all items in a predefined order with a minimal number of relocations. It can be distinguished between a restricted and an unrestricted version of the BRP. While in the restricted BRP (R-BRP) only relocations of items located above the item to be retrieved next are permitted, in the unrestricted BRP (U-BRP) all possible relocations are allowed. Existing exact methods concerning the BRP are frequently search-based methods which appear to be very effective. Nevertheless, recent literature concerning the R-BRP has shown that model-based methods can be competitive and therefore should also be taken into consideration. In this paper, we propose a new model-based approach for the U-BRP. It eliminates the fact that the number of variables is increasing with the number of necessary relocations; a disadvantage most mathematical models for the U-BRP have in common.
Predictors for infection severity for open tibial fractures: major trauma centre perspective
Authors: Zhang James , Lu Victor , Zhou Andrew Kailin , Stevenson Anna , Thahir Azeem , Krkovic Matija 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Open diaphyseal tibial fractures are the most common long-bone fractures and require a rapid approach to prevent devastating complications. Current literature reports the outcomes of open tibial fractures. However, there is no robust, up-to-date research on the predictive indicators of infection severity in a large open tibial fracture patient cohort. This study investigated the predictive factors of superficial infections and osteomyelitis in open tibial fractures.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of the tibial fracture database was carried out from 2014 to 2020. Criteria for inclusion was any tibial fracture including tibial plateau, shaft, pilon or ankle, with an open wound at the fracture site. Exclusion criteria included patients with a follow-up period of less than 12 months and who are deceased. A total of 235 patients were included in our study, of which 154 (65.6%), 42 (17.9%), and 39 (16.6%) developed no infection, superficial infection, or osteomyelitis, respectively. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, fracture characteristics, infection status and management details were collected for all patients.

Results
On multivariate modelling, patients with BMI > 30 (OR = 2.078, 95%CI [1.145–6.317], p = 0.025), Gustilo-Anderson (GA) type III (OR = 6.120, 95%CI [1.995–18.767], p = 0.001), longer time to soft tissue cover (p = 0.006) were more likely to develop a superficial infection, and patients with wound contamination (OR = 3.152, 95%CI [1.079–9.207], p = 0.036), GA-3 (OR = 3.387,95%CI [1.103–10.405], p = 0.026), longer to soft tissue cover (p = 0.007) were more likely to develop osteomyelitis.
Univariate analysis also determined that risk factors for superficial infection were: BMI > 35 (OR = 6.107, 95%CI [2.283–16.332], p = 0.003) and wound contamination (OR = 2.249, 95%CI [1.015–5.135], p = 0.047); whilst currently smoking (OR = 2.298, 95%CI [1.087–4.856], p = 0.025), polytrauma (OR = 3.212, 95%CI [1.556–6.629], p = 0.001), longer time to definitive fixation (p = 0.023) were for osteomyelitis. However, none of these reached significance in multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Higher GA classification is a significant risk factor for developing superficial infection and osteomyelitis, with a stronger association with osteomyelitis, especially GA 3C fractures. Predictors for superficial infection included BMI and time to soft tissue closure. Time to definitive fixation, time to soft tissue closure, and wound contamination were associated with osteomyelitis.