bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the Non-linear Modeling in Predicting the Size Distribution of the Grinding Products Under Different Operating Conditions
Authors: Petrakis Evangelos , Varouchakis Emmanouil , Komnitsas Konstantinos 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the modeling of grinding systems, population balance modeling (PBM) which considers a constant breakage rate has been widely used over the past years. However, in some cases, PBM exhibited some limitations, and time-dependent approaches have been developed. Recently, a non-linear framework which considers the traditional linear theory of the PBM as a partial case was introduced, thus allowing the estimation of product particle size distribution in relation to grinding time or the specific energy input to the mill. In the proposed model the simplified form of the fundamental batch grinding equation was transformed into the well-known Rosin–Rammler (RR) distribution. Besides, the adaptability and reliability of the prediction model are among others dependent upon the operating conditions of the mill and the adjustment of the RR distribution to the experimental data. In this study, a series of grinding tests were performed using marble as test material, and the adaptability of the non-linear model was investigated using three loads of single size media, i.e., 40, 25.4, and 12.7 mm. The results indicate that the proposed model enables a more accurate analysis of grinding, compared to PBM, for different operating conditions.
A Comparison of Commercial Sentiment Analysis Services
Authors: Ermakova Tatiana , Fabian Benjamin , Golimblevskaia Elena , Henke Max 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEmpirical insights into promising commercial sentiment analysis solutions that go beyond the claims of their vendors are rare. Moreover, due to the constant evolution in the field, previous studies are far from reflecting the current situation. The goal of this article is to evaluate and compare current solutions using two experimental studies. In the first part of the study, based on tweets about airline service quality, we test the solutions of six vendors with different market power, such as Amazon, Google, IBM, Microsoft, Lexalytics, and MeaningCloud, and report their measures of accuracy, precision, recall, (macro)F1, time performance, and service level agreements (SLA). Furthermore, we compare two of the services in depth with multiple data sets and over time. The services tested here are Google Cloud Natural Language API and MeaningCloud Sentiment Analysis API. For evaluating the results over time, we use the same data set as in November 2020. In addition, further topic-specific and general Twitter data sets are used. The experiments show that the IBM Watson NLU and Google Cloud Natural Language API solutions may be preferred when negative text detection is the primary concern. When tested in July 2022, the Google Cloud Natural Language API was still the clear winner compared to the MeaningCloud Sentiment Analysis API, but only on the airline service quality data set; on the other data sets, both services provided specific benefits and drawbacks. Furthermore, we detected changes in the sentiment classification over time with both services. Our results motivate that an independent, critical, and longitudinal experimental analysis of sentiment analysis services can provide interesting insights into their overall reliability and particular classification accuracy beyond marketing claims to critically compare solutions based on real data and analyze potential weaknesses and margins of error before making an investment.
AB-Gen: Antibody Library Design with Generative Pre-Trained Transformer and Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Xu Xiaopeng , Xu Tiantian , Zhou Juexiao , Liao Xingyu , Zhang Ruochi , Wang Yu , Zhang Lu , Gao Xin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Antibody leads must fulfill multiple desirable properties to be clinical candidates. Primarily due to the low throughput in the experimental procedure, the need for such multi-property optimization causes the bottleneck in preclinical antibody discovery and development, because addressing one issue usually causes another. We developed a reinforcement learning (RL) method, named AB-Gen, for antibody library design using a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) as the policy network of the RL agent. We showed that this model can learn the antibody space of heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDRH3) and generate sequences with similar property distributions. Besides, when using human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) as the target, the agent model of AB-Gen was able to generate novel CDRH3 sequences that fulfill multi-property constraints. Totally, 509 generated sequences were able to pass all property filters, and three highly conserved residues were identified. The importance of these residues was further demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations, consolidating that the agent model was capable of grasping important information in this complex optimization task. Overall, the AB-Gen method is able to design novel antibody sequences with an improved success rate than the traditional propose-then-filter approach. It has the potential to be used in practical antibody design, thus empowering the antibody discovery and development process. The source code of AB-Gen is freely available at Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7657016) and BioCode (https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/biocode/tools/BT007341).
Regulating Antarctic Tourism: The Challenge of Consensus-Based Decision Making
Authors: Bastmeijer Kees , Shibata Akiho , Steinhage Imme , Ferrada Luis Valentin , Bloom Evan T. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the 2022–2023 season, more than 104,000 tourists visited Antarctica. This represents an increase of more than 40 percent compared to the 2019–2020 pre-pandemic season. This Current Development discusses this trend and the limits of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties, which govern on the basis of consensus, in responding with regulatory action. Options for strengthening regulation in this area are also considered.
Association between negative-pressure room utilization and hospital-acquired Aspergillus rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in two academic hospitals
Authors: Biebelberg Brett M. , Ye Shangyuan , Wang Rui , Klompas Michael , Rhee Chanu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractHospital-acquired Aspergillus rates among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were initially higher at a hospital with high negative-pressure room utilization compared to a similar hospital with low utilization but with otherwise identical infection control policies. After the index hospital decreased negative-pressure utilization, hospital-acquired Aspergillus case rates at the 2 hospitals converged.
Healthcare providers consistently overestimate the diagnostic probability of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Soper Nathaniel S. , Albin Owen R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjective:To assess the accuracy of provider estimates of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) diagnostic probability in various clinical scenarios.Design:We conducted a clinical vignette-based survey of intensive care unit (ICU) physicians to evaluate provider estimates of VAP diagnostic probability before and after isolated cardinal VAP clinical changes and VAP diagnostic test results. Responses were used to calculate imputed diagnostic likelihood ratios (LRs), which were compared to evidence-based LRs.Setting:Michigan Medicine University Hospital, a tertiary-care center.Participants:This study included 133 ICU clinical faculty and house staff.Results:Provider estimates of VAP diagnostic probability were consistently higher than evidence-based diagnostic probabilities. Similarly, imputed LRs from provider-estimated diagnostic probabilities were consistently higher than evidence-based LRs. These differences were most notable for positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture (provider-estimated LR 5.7 vs evidence-based LR 1.4; P < .01), chest radiograph with air bronchogram (provider-estimated LR 6.0 vs evidence-based LR 3.6; P < .01), and isolated purulent endotracheal secretions (provider-estimated LR 1.6 vs evidence-based LR 0.8; P < .01). Attending physicians and infectious disease physicians were more accurate in their LR estimates than trainees (P = .04) and non-ID physicians (P = .03).Conclusions:Physicians routinely overestimated the diagnostic probability of VAP as well as the positive LRs of isolated cardinal VAP clinical changes and VAP diagnostic test results. Diagnostic stewardship initiatives, including educational outreach and clinical decision support systems, may be useful adjuncts in minimizing VAP overdiagnosis and ICU antibiotic overuse.
CONDITIONS FOR RECURRENCE AND TRANSIENCE FOR TIME-INHOMOGENEOUS BIRTH-AND-DEATH PROCESSES
Authors: ABRAMOV VYACHESLAV M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe derive conditions for recurrence and transience for time-inhomogeneous birth-and-death processes considered as random walks with positively biased drifts. We establish a general result, from which the earlier known particular results by Menshikov and Volkov [‘Urn-related random walk with drift
$\rho x^\alpha /t^\beta $
’, Electron. J. Probab.13 (2008), 944–960] follow.
Factors associated with return of home oral fluid kits by suspected cases of measles, cohort study, London and South East of England, 2016–2018
Authors: Hiironen Iina , Bukasa Antoaneta , Fernandes Anand , Allen Katie , Winslade Claire , Bell Anita , Maslen Ellie , Chow Yimmy , Fok Jonathan , Lock Sarah , Mearkle Rachel , Wright Amanda , Verlander Neville Q. , Balasegaram Sooria , Saavedra-Campos Maria 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A testing rate for measles above 80% is required by the WHO European Region Measles Elimination strategy to verify elimination. To comply with this rate, we explored factors associated with the return of oral fluid kits (OFK) by suspected measles cases. We described the cases and conducted a mixed-effects analysis to assess the relationship between socio-demographic and public health management characteristics and the likelihood of returning an OFK to the reference laboratory. Of 3,929 cases who were sent a postal OFK, 2,513 (67%) returned the kit. Adjusting for confounding, registration with a general practitioner (GP) (aOR:1.48, 95%CI:1.23–1.76) and living in a less deprived area (aOR:1.35, 95%CI:1.04–1.74) were associated with an increased likelihood of returning the OFK. The odds of returning the OFK also increased if the HPT contacted the parents/guardians of all cases prior to sending the kit and confirmed their address (aOR:2.01, 95%CI:1.17–3.42). Cases notified by a hospital (aOR:1.94, 95%CI:1.31–2.87) or GP (aOR:1.52; 95%CI:1.06–2.16) also had higher odds of returning the OFK. HPTs may want to consider these factors when managing suspected cases of measles since this may help in increasing the testing rates to the WHO-recommended level.
Receiver Function Analysis Reveals Lateral Variations in Temperature and Water Content in the Mantle Transition Zone Beneath Eastern North America
Authors: Liu Shangxin , King Scott D. , Long Maureen D. , Benoit Margaret H. , Aragon John C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractUsing recently collected high‐resolution seismic data along a dense linear transect across Ohio, West Virginia, and Virginia (called Mid‐Atlantic Geophysical Integrative Collaboration (MAGIC) profile), we analyze P‐to‐S receiver functions to investigate the undulations of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuities (410‐ and 660‐km) beneath the central Appalachian region. Our results incorporating the effects of local crustal and mantle structures suggest shallowing of both the 410‐ and the 660‐km discontinuities from the northwest (inland) to the southeast (coast) along MAGIC profile. Hydro‐thermal upwelling beneath the eastern U.S. coastal plain due to a hydrated MTZ and hot upwelling return flow associated with the descending lower mantle Farallon slab is consistent with our observations of MTZ structure considering 3D velocity heterogeneity. The inferred hydrous hot upwelling rising into the upper mantle may trigger dehydration melting atop the 410‐km discontinuity, which may help to explain the presence of a low velocity upper mantle anomaly beneath the region today.
Key Factors Controlling Biotite–Silicate Melt Nb and Ta Partitioning: Implications for Nb−Ta Enrichment and Fractionation in Granites
Authors: Gao Mingdi , Xiong Xiaolin , Huang Fangfang , Wang Jintuan , Wei Chunxia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBiotite–melt Nb and Ta partition coefficients (DNb and DTa) are crucial for understanding Nb−Ta enrichment and fractionation in rare metal granites (RMGs). However, the key factor(s) affecting biotite–melt DNb, DTa, and DNb/DTa values remain unclear. To elucidate the physicochemical factors that control the partition coefficients, we performed piston−cylinder experiments at 0.5−1.0 GPa and 850−1000°C with H2O‐added (4−10 wt.%) mixtures of granitic and biotitic glasses as starting materials. Two series of experiments (graphite‐buffered and unbuffered fO2 conditions) were conducted with calculated fO2 values ranging from ∼FMQ–1.5 to ∼FMQ+4. Under these experimental conditions, biotite–melt DNb, DTa, and DNb/DTa values are 0.30–2.63, 0.24−1.02, and 1.01−2.15, respectively. Biotite–melt DNb, DTa, and DNb/DTa values increase with decreasing melt NBO/T value (non‐bridging oxygens per tetrahedron), melt H2O content, and biotite Mg#T value [molar 100 × MgO/(MgO + FeOT)]. In addition, DNb and DTa exhibit good correlations with DTi, suggesting that DNb and DTa are predictable via DTi values. With our and literature data, we used multiple linear regressions to obtain empirical expressions of DNb and DTa as functions of the three parameters. By applying the empirical models to granite differentiation process, we found that ∼99% crystallization of biotite ± muscovite‐bearing assemblages results in an enrichment in magma Ta contents by >10 times with a decrease in Nb/Ta values from 10−13 to ∼1, which reproduces the Ta–Nb/Ta features of most RMGs. However, additional processes, such as columbite‐group mineral precipitation, may be required to account for the extremely low Nb/Ta values (<1) of some RMGs.
Experimental Investigation on the Transport of Sulfide Driven by Melt‐Rock Reaction in Partially Molten Peridotite
Authors: Wang Zhenjiang , Yao Zhuo‐Sen , Jin Zhenmin , Wang Yannan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractExtraction of sulfides from the partially molten mantle is vital to elucidate the cycling of metal and sulfur elements between different geochemical circles but has not been investigated systematically. Using laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations, this study documents systematical variations in lithologies and compositions of silicate minerals and melts, which are approximately consistent with the results of the thermodynamically‐constrained model. During a melt‐peridotite reaction, the dissolution of olivine and precipitation of new orthopyroxene generate an orthopyroxene‐rich layer between the melt source and peridotite. With increasing reaction degree, more melt is infiltrated into and reacts with upper peridotite, which potentially enhances the concomitant upward transport of dense sulfide droplets. Theoretical analyses suggest an energetically focused melt flow with a high velocity (∼170.9 μm/hr) around sulfide droplets through the pore throat. In this energic melt flow, we, for the first time, observed the mechanical coalescence of sulfide droplets, and the associated drag force was likely driving upward entrainment of fine μm‐scale sulfide. For coarse sulfide droplets whose sizes are larger than the pore throat in the peridotite, their entrainment through narrow constrictions in crystal framework seems to be physically possible only when high‐degree melt‐peridotite reaction drives high porosity of peridotite and channelized melt flows with extremely high velocity. Hence, the melt‐rock reaction could drive and enhance upward entrainment of μm‐ to mm‐scale sulfide in the partially molten mantle, potentially contributing to the fertilization of the sub‐continental lithospheric mantle and the endowment of metal‐bearing sulfide for the formation of magmatic sulfide deposits.
On the Particle Motion in Paleo‐Magnetosphere During the Geomagnetic Polarity Reversal
Authors: Gong Fan , Yu Yiqun , Bai Kun , Cao Jinbin , Wei Yong 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDuring the Earth's magnetic reversal, the dipole component of the magnetic field weakens, and the non‐dipole component becomes dominant, resulting in a far more complex magnetospheric topology than that of a dipole. In this study, we used a particle tracing technique to investigate the motion of ions within an irregular magnetosphere during the Matuyama‐Brunhes magnetic polarity reversal. Compared to the scenario in which the geomagnetic field is dominated by a dipole component, earthward‐moving particles can be hardly “trapped” in the inner magnetosphere when the geomagnetic field experiences the polarity reversal, and particles can directly precipitate into the Earth's atmosphere on a global scale. It suggests that under an irregular magnetospheric configuration, the traditional trapped region of particles (e.g., radiation belt or ring current) no longer exists.
Evolution and Prediction of Two Extremely Strong Atlantic Niños in 2019–2021: Impact of Benguela Warming
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Tan Wei , Hu Zeng‐Zhen , Johnson Nathaniel C. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs El Niño's little brother in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Niño affects the climate variability in the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the vicinity. In 2019–2021, two extremely strong Atlantic Niños occurred with peaks in January 2020 and July 2021, respectively. The coupling between the ocean and atmosphere associated with the Atlantic Niños is similar to that associated with El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Both the Atlantic Niños were triggered and modulated by a Benguela Niño‐like warming, through inducing wind stress anomalies in the South and equatorial Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the atmosphere‐ocean coupling at intraseasonal‐interseasonal time scales, interdecadal and longer time scale variation amplified the Atlantic Niños. Model predictions only capture the evolution of the Atlantic Niños at a 1‐month lead, consistent with the low prediction skill for sea surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
Case Studies of Forest Windthrows and Mesoscale Convective Systems in Amazonia
Authors: Feng Yanlei , Negrón‐Juárez Robinson I. , Chiang John C. H. , Chambers Jeffrey Q. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis study identifies 38 cases of windthrows in the Amazonia to explore the relationship between windthrows and the characteristics (storm passing time, cloud top temperature, and maximum precipitation) of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that produced them. Most of windthrow cases in this study occurred in August and September. The storm passing time is positively correlated with the size of windthrows. MCSs with colder cloud top temperature (with a mean at 206 K)—indicating deeper convection—resulted in large windthrows, while those with warm cloud top (with a mean above 230 K) resulted in relatively small windthrows except for windthrows in the western Amazonia. No significant relationship is found between maximum precipitation intensity and the area of windthrows.
A Large Sediment Accretion Wave Along a Northern California Littoral Cell
Authors: Warrick J. A. , Vos K. , Buscombe D. , Ritchie A. C. , Curtis J. A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe northern California littoral cell of the Klamath River, which is a mixed rocky and sandy system with significant shoreline curvature, was investigated by examining ∼40 yr of satellite‐derived shoreline positions and historical records. We find that an accretion wave of sediment was initiated near the Klamath River mouth in the late 1980s and translated downcoast over the subsequent decades. The wave passed rapidly (∼2,500 m/yr) through a rocky coastal reach with more oblique wave directions and slowly through a sandy reach (∼200 m/yr) where wave crests approach at more normal angles. Within the sandy reach, the accretion wave extended over 200 m offshore, was ∼10 km long, incorporated 20 ± 6 million m3 of sediment, and averaged 1.3 ± 0.4 million m3/yr of longshore sediment transport over a 20‐yr interval. Diffusion of the accretion wave was observed, but the diffusivity coefficient (εobs ∼0.01 m2/s) was lower than values predicted by theory, which we attribute to net sediment transport convergence in the study area caused by the curvature of the shoreline. Examining historical records, we find that increased sediment discharge in the Klamath River occurred during the 20th century from industrial‐scale logging and climatic extremes. Thus, we hypothesize that increased river sediment discharge introduced new sediment to the littoral cell that initiated the observed accretion wave. These hypotheses can be tested with stratigraphic and mineralogic investigations of the broad study area beach that has formed during the past 150 years.
Reply to Comment on “Potential Evaporation and the Complementary Relationship” by Jozsef Szilagyi
Authors: Tu Zhuoyi , Yang Yuting , Roderick Michael L. , McVicar Tim R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe appreciate Dr Szilagyi's interest in our article on potential evaporation and the complementary relationship (CR). For his first concern on the assumption of constant net radiation versus constant net solar radiation in the estimation of potential evaporation, here we show that the constant net solar radiation condition is more universally applicable both in observations and from a theoretical perspective. For his second concern on the CR model calibration, we clarify herein that no calibrations were used in our applications of the various CR models. Instead, the parameter values were all directly taken from previous studies to ensure a fair and practically meaningful inter‐model comparison.
Metabolic resource overlap impacts competition among phyllosphere bacteria
Authors: Schlechter Rudolf O , Kear Evan J , Bernach Michał , Remus Daniela M , Remus-Emsermann Mitja N P 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The phyllosphere is densely colonised by microbial communities, despite sparse and heterogeneously distributed resources. The limitation of resources is expected to drive bacterial competition resulting in exclusion or coexistence based on fitness differences and resource overlap between individual colonisers. We studied the impact of resource competition by determining the effects of different bacterial colonisers on the growth of the model epiphyte Pantoea eucalypti 299R (Pe299R). Resource overlap was predicted based on genome-scale metabolic modelling. By combining results of metabolic modelling and pairwise competitions in the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere and in vitro, we found that ten resources sufficed to explain fitness of Pe299R. An effect of both resource overlap and phylogenetic relationships was found on competition outcomes in vitro as well as in the phyllosphere. However, effects of resource competition were much weaker in the phyllosphere when compared to in vitro experiments. When investigating growth dynamics and reproductive success at the single-cell resolution, resource overlap and phylogenetic relationships are only weakly correlated with epiphytic Pe299R reproductive success, indicating that the leaf’s spatial heterogeneity mitigates resource competition. Although the correlation is weak, the presence of competitors led to the development of Pe299R subpopulations that experienced different life histories and cell divisions. In some in planta competitions, Pe299R benefitted from the presence of epiphytes despite high resource overlap to the competitor strain suggesting other factors having stronger effects than resource competition. This study provides fundamental insights into how bacterial communities are shaped in heterogeneous environments and a framework to predict competition outcomes.