bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoplastic Progression in Intraductal Papillary Neoplasm of the Bile Duct
Authors: Zen Yoh , Akita Masayuki 
Published: February 2023

Context.—
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is classified into types 1 and 2 based on criteria proposed in 2019. Recent studies investigated the clinicopathologic and molecular features of IPNB, which contributed to a more detailed understanding of this undercharacterized neoplasm.

Objective.—
To summarize driver gene mutations, radiologic tumor evolution, and a potentially unique pattern of tumor progression in IPNB.

Data Sources.—
Data were derived from a literature review and personal clinical and research experiences.

Conclusions.—
In contrast to de novo cholangiocarcinoma, type 1 IPNB often has mutations in APC, CTNNB1, STK11, and GNAS. These molecular features are shared with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas; however, the frequencies of individual gene abnormalities differ between these 2 neoplasms. A radiologic review of sequential images suggested that type 1 IPNB is a slow-growing neoplasm, with an ∼1-cm increase in size every 2 to 3 years, and remains in a noninvasive state for many years. A similar papillary neoplasm may develop in the biliary tree years after the complete surgical resection of IPNB. The second neoplasm has the same genetic abnormalities as the first neoplasm, indicating intrabiliary implantation rather than multifocal lesions. In contrast to type 1 IPNB, most cases of type 2 IPNB have invasive malignancy at the initial presentation. Type 2 IPNB shares many clinicopathologic and molecular features with de novo cholangiocarcinoma, questioning the distinctness of this tumor entity. The molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation in IPNB warrant further study.
Cross-modal and subliminal effects of smell and color
Authors: Sato Naoto , Miyamoto Mana , Santa Risa , Sasaki Ayaka , Shibuya Kenichi 
Published: February 2023

In the present study, we examined whether the cross-modal effect can be obtained between odors and colors, which has been confirmed under olfactory recognizable conditions and also occurs under unrecognizable conditions. We used two flavors of red fruits such as strawberries and tomatoes for this purpose. We also aimed to compare whether similar cross-modal effects could be achieved by setting the flavors at recognizable (liminal) and unrecognizable (subliminal) concentrations in the experiment. One flavor at a normal concentration (0.1%, Liminal condition) and one at a concentration below the subliminal threshold (0.015%, Subliminal condition), were presented, and the color that resembled the smell most closely from among the 10 colors, was selected by participants. Except for the subliminal tomato condition, each odor was significantly associated with at least one color (p < 0.01). Participants selected pink and red for liminal strawberry (0.1%) (p < 0.05), pink for subliminal strawberry (0.015%) (p < 0.05), and orange for liminal tomato (0.1%) (p < 0.05), but there was no color selected for subliminal tomato (0.015%) (p < 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the flavor of tomato produced a cross-modal effect in liminal conditions, but not in subliminal conditions. On the other hand, the results of the present study suggest that the flavor of strawberries produces a cross-modal effect even under subliminal conditions. This study showed that cross-modal effects might exist, even at unrecognizable levels of flavor.
Chromium Concentrations in Automotive Paints from Retail Stores in Kenya
Authors: Were F. H. , Mwaia L. 
Published: February 2023

Chromium (Cr) is among the heavy metals that are added to automotive paints to provide protection against corrosion and reflective properties. However, exposure to hexavalent chromium Cr(VI), which is the toxic form of Cr is associated with adverse health effects such as lung cancer. The study, therefore, assessed Cr levels in the automotive paints commonly used by spray painters in informal settings in Nairobi City. Chromium concentrations were determined in triplicates in the three sets of automotive paint samples in red, blue and green colours. The same samples were also used for the determination of lead content and the findings of the study were published elsewhere. The automotive paint samples were procured from 8 formal and informal retail stores. The Cr concentrations was also analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of Cr levels obtained from informal retail shops ranged from 120.5±10.6 to 2771.9±35.6 parts per million (ppm). On the contrary, those from the formal retail stores were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and were in the range of 39.3±7.0 to 461.9±11.1 ppm. The Cr levels in automotive paints varied greatly across different colours and retail shops. Substantial levels were observed in almost all paint samples purchased from the informal retail shops except one retail shop. The elevated Cr levels in various colours of automotive paints used by spray painters in the informal sector call for a comprehensive assessment of Cr in these settings along with health-driven policies to address related health impacts.
Influence of Organic Manuring on Sorghum: Greengram Intercropping at Different Row Ratios under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Uttam S. K. , Kumar Pradeep , Verma Shikhar , Kumar Awanish , Gautam Susheel , Ram Vinay 
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2017 at Soil Conservation and Water Management Farm of the Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur to find out effect of cropping systems and doses of FYM on growth, yield, water use efficiency, splash loss and economics of crops under rainfed condition. The treatments comprised of 4 cropping systems i.e. (i) sole sorghum, 45 cm apart (ii) sole greengram, 45 cm apart (iii) sorghum + greengram (2:1 ratio ) (iv) sorghum + greengram (3:1 ratio) and 3 doses of FYM i.e. (i) without FYM (ii) 10 t ha-1 (iii) 20 t ha-1 were tested in randomized block design with 3 replications. Results revealed that the yield of sorghum and greengram were highest in their sole stands. The yield of sole and intercropped greengram in terms of sorghum equivalent grain yield showed significant variation, whereas sorghum + greengram (2:1 ratio) brought out significantly the highest production as compared to other cropping systems. Moreover, the land equivalent ratio, water use efficiency, gross return and net return were also found to be the highest. Simultaneously, maximum splash loss was observed under sole sorghum and minimum under greengram treatment. Increasing rates of FYM brought out significant improvement in vegetative growth, yield attributes and grain / stover yield, where a dose of 10 t FYM/ha gave best performance in respect of vegetative growth, yield attributes and grain / stover yield. In addition, net return was also noticed higher, but splash loss was lower.
Thermo‐pH‐Sensitive Polymer Conjugated Glucose Oxidase for Tumor‐Selective Starvation‐Oxidation‐Immune Therapy
Authors: Duan Fei , Jin Wei , Zhang Tong , Sun Yuanzi , Deng Xuliang , Gao Weiping 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProtein drugs are increasingly used as therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. However, their inherent drawbacks, such as poor stability, low cell membrane and tissue permeability, lack of tumor selectivity, and severe side effects, limit their wide applications in cancer therapy. Herein, screening of a thermo‐pH‐sensitive polymer–glucose oxidase conjugate that can controllably self‐assemble into nanoparticles with improved stability is reported. The size, surface charge, and bioactivity of the conjugate can be tuned by adjustment of the solution temperature and pH. The cellular uptake, intracellular hydrogen peroxide generation, and tumor cell spheroid penetration of the conjugate are greatly enhanced under the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to increased cytotoxicity to tumor cells. Upon a single intratumoural injection, the conjugate penetrates into the whole tumor tissue but hardly diffuses into the normal tissues, resulting in the eradication of the tumors in mice without perceivable side effects. Simultaneously, the conjugate induces a robust antitumor immunity to efficiently inhibit the growth of distant tumors, especially in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. These findings provide a novel and general strategy to make multifunctional protein‐polymer conjugates with responsiveness to the acidic tumor microenvironment for selective tumor therapy.
Optimizing the Pd Sites in Pure Metallic Aerogels for Efficient Electrocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Cui , Chen Kai , Clark Adam H. , Hübner René , Zhan Jinhua , Zhang Liang , Eychmüller Alexander , Cai Bin 
Published: February 2023

Decentralized electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an attractive alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process, the application of which is hindered by the lack of high‐performance electrocatalysts in acidic media. Herein, a novel catalyst design strategy is reported to optimize the Pd sites in pure metallic aerogels by tuning their geometric environments and electronic structures. By increasing the Hg content in the Pd–Hg aerogels, the PdPd coordination is gradually diminished, resulting in isolated, single‐atom‐like Pd motifs in the Pd2Hg5 aerogel. Further heterometal doping leads to a series of M–Pd2Hg5 aerogels with an unalterable geometric environment, allowing for sole investigation of the electronic effects. Combining theoretical and experimental analyses, a volcano relationship is obtained for the M–Pd2Hg5 aerogels, demonstrating an effective tunability of the electronic structure of the Pd active sites. The optimized Au–Pd2Hg5 aerogel exhibits an outstanding H2O2 selectivity of 92.8% as well as transferred electron numbers of ≈2.1 in the potential range of 0.0–0.4 VRHE. This work opens a door for designing metallic aerogel electrocatalysts for H2O2 production and highlights the importance of electronic effects in tuning electrocatalytic performances.
Nutritive value and net return of forage crop rotations in the central Great Plains
Authors: Holman Johnathon D. , Obour Augustine K. , Assefa Yared , Johnson Sandy 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSustainable forage‐based rotations with greater forage nutritive values and efficient resource utilization are needed to increase forage availability in the central Great Plains. The objectives of the study were to quantify nutritive value and net return from individual crops and overall crop rotation sequence of winter triticale, forage sorghum, and spring oat. The study was conducted near Garden City, KS, from 2013–2020. There were six treatments in the study, that is, continuous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (S‐S) no‐till (NT), triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus [Secale × Triticum])/sorghum‐sorghum‐oat (Avena sativa L.) (T/S‐S‐O) reduced till (RT) and NT, triticale/sorghum‐sorghum‐sorghum‐oat (T/S‐S‐S‐O) RT and NT, and triticale‐sorghum‐oat (T‐S‐O) NT. Crude protein concentration was 23%–31% greater for T‐S‐O and T/S‐S‐O compared with S‐S. The S‐S treatment had greater fiber content and least digestibility, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations compared with the remaining forage rotations. Annualized cost of production was 11%–32% greater for forage sorghum dominated NT systems (T/S‐S‐O, T/S‐S‐S‐O, S‐S [NT]) compared with T‐S‐O or T/S‐S‐S‐O (RT) rotation. T/S‐S‐S‐O (RT) was among the top in net return due to a combination of greater forage biomass production and forage nutrient value. The cost of production for forage sorghum and triticale were more economical compared to purchasing commercial feedstuffs. We concluded forage producers should consider productivity and market value, in addition to nutritive value and cost of production in selecting crops for a profitable forage‐based rotation system.
The social and economic impact of the Montreal Longitudinal and Experimental Study
Authors: Vanzella‐Yang Adam , Algan Yann , Beasley Elizabeth , Côté Sylvana , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. , Park Jungwee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of early prevention programmes and their viability as a public policy option have increasingly caught the attention of scholars and policymakers. Given the implementation costs of such programmes, it is important to assess whether they achieved anticipated objectives and whether they made efficient use of taxpayer money.AimTo discuss the social and economic impact of a 2‐year randomised intervention aimed to improve social skills and self‐control (i.e., non‐cognitive skills) among disruptive boys from low‐income neighbourhoods in Montreal.MethodWe review findings from published studies documenting the impact of the intervention at different stages of the life course, as well as its cost‐effectiveness and cost‐benefit.ResultsThe intervention improved behavioural indicators throughout adolescence and eventually led to greater high school graduation rates, reduced crime, and better labour market outcomes in adulthood. Importantly, the prevention programme generated considerable returns to taxpayer investments.ConclusionFindings from the Montreal Longitudinal Experimental Study have been well‐received and have contributed to an early prevention ‘awakening’ in Quebec and elsewhere.
Black doctoral student research participants: A mixed‐method systematic literature review
Authors: Steen Sam , Rose Prasath Priscilla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this study, we use a mixed‐method systematic literature review of articles that include African American counselor education doctoral student participants in the research. From this corpus of inquiry, we provide an opportunity for counselor education researchers to lead the way with inclusive scholarship and the use of strengths‐based frameworks. We examine how to conceptualize research particularly for African American doctoral student participants and offer suggestions on how to write the discussion and implication sections in a way to promote innovation and excellence.
Rapid prototyping of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchips using electrohydrodynamic jet printing: Application to electrokinetic assays
Authors: Choubey Anupam , Dubey Kaushlendra , Bahga Supreet Singh 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPolydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic devices have found increasing utility for electrophoretic and electrokinetic assays because of their ease of fabrication using replica molding. However, the fabrication of high‐resolution molds for replica molding still requires the resource‐intensive and time‐consuming photolithography process, which precludes quick design iterations and device optimization. We here demonstrate a low‐cost, rapid microfabrication process, based on electrohydrodynamic jet printing (EJP), for fabricating non‐sacrificial master molds for replica molding of PDMS microfluidic devices. The method is based on the precise deposition of an electrically stretched polymeric solution of polycaprolactone in acetic acid on a silicon wafer placed on a computer‐controlled motion stage. This process offers the high‐resolution (order 10 m) capability of photolithography and rapid prototyping capability of inkjet printing to print high‐resolution templates for elastomeric microfluidic devices within a few minutes. Through proper selection of the operating parameters such as solution flow rate, applied electric field, and stage speed, we demonstrate microfabrication of intricate master molds and corresponding PDMS microfluidic devices for electrokinetic applications. We demonstrate the utility of the fabricated PDMS microchips for nonlinear electrokinetic processes such as electrokinetic instability and controlled sample splitting in ITP. The ability to rapid prototype customized reusable master molds with order 10 m resolution within a few minutes can help in designing and optimizing microfluidic devices for various electrokinetic applications.
Investigation of rocking mechanism of shallow foundations on sand via PIV technique
Authors: Moradi Mohamadali , Hosseini Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad , Khezri Ali 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAdoption of the rocking isolation concept in foundation design is considered as an effective method in reducing seismic loads of structures. Despite much research conducted on the rocking behavior of foundations, concerns regarding the practical application of the rocking foundation design concept still prevail. The concerns primary stem from the lack of accurate understanding and knowledge associated with the soil‐foundation deformation mechanisms during rocking motions. Determination of deformation mechanisms and soil mass failure modes during foundation rocking helps to gain insight into the rocking behavior, recognize influential factors on foundation settlement or uplift, and propose appropriate improvement strategies to control foundation deformations. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the deformation behavior and failure modes of the soil mass beneath a rocking foundation with various initial static vertical factors of safety (F.S.v) and embedment depths. To this end, a series of reduced‐scale slow‐cyclic tests under 1g condition have been conducted using a single degree of freedom (SDOF) model. To determine soil deformation mechanisms, soil displacement fields have been measured using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. Soil deformation mechanisms during loading and unloading paths, as well as causes leading to the foundation settlement or uplift have been evaluated and discussed. Additionally, changes in the effective soil‐foundation contact area in different loading cycles have been examined based on the PIV results. Based on the results, soil deformation mechanisms in the loading portions include soil densification, wedge deformation and scoop deformation. As the footing embedment depth increases, wedge deformation mechanism becomes limited, while scoop deformation mechanism becomes stronger. Additionally, as the foundation F.S.v increases, the depth of influenced zone of the rocking foundation decreases and the soil displacement occurs to a more limited depth.
Contribution of glycosidically bound compounds to aroma potential of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus lam)
Authors: Barros‐Castillo Julio César , Calderón‐Santoyo Montserrat , Cuevas‐Glory Luis Fernando , Calderón‐Chiu Carolina , Ragazzo‐Sánchez Juan Arturo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractVolatile compounds are present in fruits in two forms, free and glycosidically bound. The latest has been studied in several fruits and are considered important aroma precursors because their release by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis has been reported higher than the free fraction. Recently, volatiles released by acid hydrolysis in jackfruit were reported, however, enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidically bound fraction has not been studied yet. Thus, in this study, the free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds from jackfruit were isolated by absorption onto a column of Amberlite XAD‐2. Enzymatic hydrolysis with β‐glucosidase was carried out to release the glycosidically bound compounds and identified by GC–MS. Fifty‐four volatiles encompassed both fractions with 14 compounds in common. 2,4‐dimethylbenzaldehyde, 4‐methylpentan‐2‐ol, 2,6‐dimethylheptan‐4‐one, neral, butan‐1‐ol, and hexadecanoic acid were prominent in the free fraction. Meanwhile, 3‐hydroxy‐β‐ionol, 2‐phenylethanol, benzyl alcohol, lavandulol, 3‐oxo‐α‐ionol, and hexadecanoic acid were predominant in the bound form. Odor activity values (OAV) and relative odor contribution (ROC) of free and glycosidically bound compounds were calculated. Thus, ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate, methyl 2‐methylbutanoate, methyl butanoate, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, octan‐1‐ol, 3‐methylbutanal, hexanal, 2‐nonanone, 2‐phenylethanol, and limonene showed OAV >1 after hydrolysis, contributing to the overall aroma. Results revealed that the bound fraction of jackfruit volatiles is eight times fold that their free counterpart. Information about the first research of glycosidically bound compounds in jackfruit released by enzymatic hydrolysis is provided. The results reinforce the importance of aroma precursors to suggest the raw material according to the applied pretreatment and thus take advantage of the aromatic potential that they can develop.
High‐dimensional automated radiation therapy treatment planning via Bayesian optimization
Authors: Wang Qingying , Wang Ruoxi , Liu Jiacheng , Jiang Fan , Yue Haizhen , Du Yi , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPurposeRadiation therapy treatment planning can be viewed as an iterative hyperparameter tuning process to balance conflicting clinical goals. In this work, we investigated the performance of modern Bayesian optimization (BO) methods on automated treatment planning problems in high‐dimensional settings.MethodsTwenty locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were retrospectively selected as test cases. The adjustable planning parameters included both dose objectives and their corresponding weights. We implemented an automated treatment planning framework and tested the performance of two BO methods on the treatment planning task: one standard BO method (Gaussian Process with Expected Improvement [GPEI]) and one BO method dedicated to high‐dimensional problems (Sparse Axis Aligned Subspace BO [SAAS‐BO]). Another derivative‐free method (Nelder–Mead simplex search) and the random tuning method were also included as baselines. The four automated methods' plan quality and planning efficiency were compared with the clinical plans regarding target coverage and organs at risk (OAR) sparing. The predictive models in both BO methods were compared to analyze the different search patterns of the two BO methods.ResultsFor the target structures, the SAAS‐BO plans achieved comparable hot spot control () and homogeneity () with the clinical plans, significantly better than the GPEI and Nelder–Mead plans (). Both SAAS‐BO and GPEI plans significantly outperformed the clinical plans in conformity and dose spillage (). Compared with the clinical plans, the treatment plans generated by the four automated methods all made reductions in evaluated dosimetric indices for the femoral head and the bladder. The Nelder–Mead plans achieved similar plan quality scores compared with the BO plans, but exhibited poorer control in the target hot spot and dose spillage. The analysis of the underlying predictive models has shown that both BO methods have identified similar sensitive planning parameters.ConclusionsThis work implemented a BO‐based hyperparameter tuning framework for automated treatment planning. Both tested BO methods were able to produce high‐quality treatment plans and reduce the workload of treatment planners. The model analysis also confirmed the intrinsic low dimensionality of the tested treatment planning problems.
From model‐based dose computation to tomotherapy
Authors: Mackie Thomas Rockwell 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the first years of what became known as the Tomotherapy Research Group at the Department of Medical Physics at the University of Wisconsin‐Madison (UW). The group's roots were in algorithm and software development for radiation therapy dose calculations. The concept of helical tomotherapy sprang from the design of a treatment unit which could make the computation easier which in turn created a treatment unit that created the capability to do image‐guided radiotherapy. The paper discusses the genesis of our concepts and some of the difficulties encountered along the way.