bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of in-hospital evolocumab therapy on lipoprotein(a) in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a retrospective cohort study and a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Gao Ge , Zheng Tao , Lan Beidi , Hui Weiying , Chen Shi , Yuan Zuyi , Wu Yue , Chiang John Y. L. , Chen Tao 
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose:
Elevated lipoprotein(a) is associated with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce lipoprotein(a). However, the effect of evolocumab on lipoprotein(a) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is poorly studied. This study aims to investigate the change in lipoprotein(a) under evolocumab therapy in patients with AMI.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort analysis included a total of 467 AMI patients with LDL-C level >2.6 mmol/L upon admission, among whom 132 received in-hospital evolocumab (140 mg every 2 weeks) plus statin (20 mg atorvastatin or 10 mg rosuvastatin per day) and the remaining 335 received statin only. Lipid profiles at 1-month follow-up were compared between the two groups. A propensity score matching analysis was also conducted based on age, sex, and baseline lipoprotein(a) at a 1:1 ratio using a 0.02 caliper.

Results:
At the 1-month follow-up, the lipoprotein(a) level decreased from 27.0 (17.5, 50.6) mg/dL to 20.9 (9.4, 52.5) mg/dL in evolocumab plus statin group, but increased from 24.5 (13.2, 41.1) mg/dL to 27.9 (14.8, 58.6) mg/dL in statin only group. The propensity score matching analysis included 262 patients (131 in each group). In subgroup analysis of the propensity score matching cohort stratified by the baseline lipoprotein(a) at cutoff values of 20 and 50 mg/dL, the absolute change in lipoprotein(a) was −4.9 (−8.5, −1.3), −5.0 (−13.9, 1.9), −0.2 (−9.9, 16.9) mg/dL in three subgroups in evolocumab plus statin group, and 0.9 (−1.7, 5.5), 10.7 (4.6, 21.9), 12.2 (2.9, 35.6) mg/dL in three subgroups in statin only group. In comparison to statin only group, evolocumab plus statin group had lower lipoprotein(a) level at 1 month in all subgroups (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
In-hospital initiation of evolocumab on a background statin therapy reduced lipoprotein(a) level at 1-month follow-up in patients with AMI. Evolocumab plus statin therapy inhibited the increase in lipoprotein(a) in statin only therapy, regardless of the baseline lipoprotein(a) level.
The association of type and number of high-risk criteria with cancer-specific mortality in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Chierigo Francesco , Flammia Rocco Simone , Sorce Gabriele , Hoeh Benedikt , Hohenhorst Lukas , Panunzio Andrea , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Graefen Marcus , Gallucci Michele , Briganti Alberto , Montorsi Francesco , Chun Felix K.H. , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Antonelli Alessandro , Guano Giovanni , Mantica Guglielmo , Borghesi Marco , Suardi Nazareno , Terrone Carlo , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to test the association between of type and number of D'Amico high-risk criteria (DHRCs) with cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.

Materials and methods
In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2016), we identified 31,281 radical prostatectomy patients with at least 1 DHRC, namely, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/mL (hrPSA), biopsy Gleason Grade Group (hrGGG) score of 4 and 5, or clinical tumor stage ≥T3 (hrcT). Multivariable Cox regression models and competing risks regression models (adjusting for other cause mortality) tested the association between DHRCs and 5-year CSM.

Results
Of 31,281 patients, 14,394 (67%) exclusively harbored hrGGG, 3189 (15%) harbored hrPSA, and 1781 (8.2%) harbored hrcT. Only 2132 patients (6.8%) harbored a combination of the 2 DHRCs, and 138 (0.6%) had all 3 DHRCs. Five-year CSM rates ranged from 0.9% to 3.0% when any individual DHRC was present (hrcT, hrPSA, and hrGGG, in that order), 1.6% to 5.9% when 2 DHRCs were present (hrPSA-hrcT, hrcT-hrGGG, and hrPSA-hrGGG, in that order), and 8.1% when all 3 DHRCs were present. Cox regression models and competing risks regression confirmed the independent predictor status of DHRCs for 5-year CSM that was observed in univariable analyses, with hazard ratios from 1.00 to 2.83 for 1 DHRC, 2.35 to 5.88 for combinations of 2 DHRCs, and 7.13 for all 3 DHRCs.

Conclusions
Within individual DHRCs, hrcT and hrPSA exhibited weaker effects than hrGGG did. Moreover, a dose-response effect was identified according to the number of DHRCs. Accordingly, the type and number of DHRCs allow further risk stratification within the high-risk subgroup.
Magnetocardiograph as a noninvasive and radiation-free diagnostic device for myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Yansong , Han Xiaole , Guo Mingyue , Li Ruochuan , Dong Yiming , Fan Jiaxin , Yin Xiaofei , Xie Fei , Pang Jiaojiao , Chen Yuguo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetocardiograph, a relatively new noninvasive device, in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods
To identify studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of magnetocardiography for MI, we searched four databases on November 7, 2022, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, plus ClinicalTrials.gov. Three reviewers screened the studies independently and emailed the authors for more precise data when necessary. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. STATA (version 17; Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) was used for meta-analysis of 2 × 2 contingency table data.

Results
A total of 6 articles were included in this study. The diagnostic parameters of all included studies were summarized as follows: the pooled sensitivity was 0.91 (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]: 0.81–0.96; I
2 = 88.54); specificity was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.75–0.89; I
2 = 83); positive likelihood ratio was 5.3 (95% CI: 3.5–8.2); negative likelihood ratio was 0.1 (95% CI: 0.04–0.24); and diagnostic odds ratio was 51 (95% CI: 16–161). The area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.94). After metaregression analysis, we found that the number of channels and the way of environmental magnetic noise elimination were heterogeneous sources.

Conclusion
In summary, our meta-analysis shows that magnetocardiography holds a high accuracy in diagnosing MI and takes the advantages of noninvasive, radiation-free, and noncontact. However, further high-quality studies to confirm its usefulness in diagnosing MI are warranted.
Propensity Scores in Health Disparities Research: The Example of Cognitive Aging and the Hispanic Paradox
Authors: Kezios Katrina L. , Zimmerman Scott C. , Zhang Adina , Calonico Sebastian , Jawadekar Neal , Glymour M. Maria , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Individuals of Mexican ancestry in the United States experience substantial socioeconomic disadvantages compared with non-Hispanic white individuals; however, some studies show these groups have similar dementia risk. Evaluating whether migration selection factors (e.g., education) associated with risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementia (ADRD) explain this paradoxical finding presents statistical challenges. Intercorrelation of risk factors, common with social determinants, could make certain covariate patterns very likely or unlikely to occur for particular groups, which complicates their comparison. Propensity score (PS) methods could be leveraged here to diagnose nonoverlap and help balance exposure groups.

Methods:
We compare conventional and PS-based methods to examine differences in cognitive trajectories between foreign-born Mexican American, US-born Mexican American, and US-born non-Hispanic white individuals in the Health and Retirement Study (1994–2018). We examined cognition using a global measure. We estimated trajectories of cognitive decline from linear mixed models adjusted for migration selection factors also associated with ADRD risk conventionally or with inverse probability weighting. We also employed PS trimming and match weighting.

Results:
In the full sample, where PS overlap was poor, unadjusted analyses showed both Mexican ancestry groups had worse baseline cognitive scores but similar or slower rates of decline compared with non-Hispanic white adults; adjusted findings were similar, regardless of method. Focusing analyses on populations where PS overlap was improved (PS trimming and match weighting) did not alter conclusions.

Conclusions:
Attempting to equalize groups on migration selection and ADRD risk factors did not explain paradoxical findings for Mexican ancestry groups in our study.
Neighborhood-level Socioeconomic Position During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gastroschisis
Authors: Neo Dayna T. , Desrosiers Tania A. , Martin Chantel L. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Gucsavas-Calikoglu Muge , Conway Kristin M. , Evans Shannon Pruitt , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Insaf Tabassum Z. , Musfee Fadi I. , Shaw Gary M. , Shumate Charles J. , Werler Martha M. , Olshan Andrew F. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: March 2023

Background:
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic position has been shown to influence birth outcomes, including selected birth defects. This study examines the un derstudied association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic position during early pregnancy and the risk of gastroschisis, an abdominal birth defect of increasing prevalence.

Methods:
We conducted a case–control study of 1,269 gastroschisis cases and 10,217 controls using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2011). To characterize neighborhood-level socioeconomic position, we conducted a principal component analysis to construct two indices—Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Position Index (nSEPI). We created neighborhood-level indices using census socioeconomic indicators corresponding to census tracts associated with addresses where mothers lived the longest during the periconceptional period. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with multiple imputations for missing data and adjustment for maternal race–ethnicity, household income, education, birth year, and duration of residence.

Results:
Mothers residing in moderate (NDI Tertile 2 aOR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.48 and nSEPI Tertile 2 aOR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.49) or low socioeconomic neighborhoods (NDI Tertile 3 aOR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.55 and nSEPI Tertile 3 aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.09, 1.61) were more likely to deliver an infant with gastroschisis compared with mothers residing in high socioeconomic neighborhoods.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that lower neighborhood-level socioeconomic position during early pregnancy is associated with elevated odds of gastroschisis. Additional epidemiologic studies may aid in confirming this finding and evaluating potential mechanisms linking neighborhood-level socioeconomic factors and gastroschisis.
Strategies Addressing Barriers to the Implementation of a Pediatric Hand Fracture Care Pathway
Authors: Baykan Altay , Lafreniere Ann-Sophie , Fraulin Frankie O.G. , Hartley Rebecca , Harrop Alan Robertson , Love Shannan , Ronksley Paul , Donald Maoliosa 
Published: March 2023

Background:
We recently highlighted shortcomings in the care of pediatric hand fractures in our local context. The Calgary Kids’ Hand Rule (CKHR) was developed to predict hand fractures that require referral to a hand surgeon. The aims of this study were to identify barriers to a new care pathway for pediatric hand fractures, based on the CKHR and to generate tailored strategies to support its implementation.

Methods:
We performed a conventional content analysis of transcripts from four focus groups (parents, emergency/urgent care physicians, plastic surgeons, and hand therapists) to identify relevant concepts (facilitators and barriers). These concepts were mapped to two frameworks. Generic strategies to address the barriers were identified, and further discussions with key stakeholders resulted in tailored strategies for implementation.

Results:
Five facilitators to implementation of a CKHR-based hand fracture care pathway included established rapport between hand therapists and surgeons, potential for more streamlined care, agreement on identifying another care provider, positive perceptions of hand therapist expertise, and opportunity for patient education. Two individual barriers were concern for poor outcomes and trust. Three systemic barriers were awareness and usability, referral process, and cost and resources. Strategies to address these barriers include pilot-testing of the new care pathway, ensuring closed loop communication, multiple knowledge translation activities, integration of CKHR into the clinical information system, coordinating care and development of parent handouts.

Conclusion:
Mapping barriers to established implementation frameworks has informed tailored implementation strategies, bringing us one step closer to successfully implementing a new pediatric hand fracture pathway.
Customized Bowman-Stromal Inlay: An Attempt to Change the Topography of the Keratoconus Cornea
Authors: Mittal Vikas , Jain Neha , Pandya Yatri , Chatterjee Debapriya 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:
The objective of this report is to describe a modification of a previously reported technique with an aim of improving the corneal topography and visual outcomes in progressive keratoconus along with stabilization of ectasia.

Method:
In a 26-year-old man with progressive keratoconus, corneal collagen cross-linking was performed in one eye. The other eye had a keratometry of 69.6 D and thinnest pachymetry of 397 µm for which a customized Bowman-stromal inlay surgery was performed. The technique involved the harvesting of Bowman-stromal inlay (anterior 180-μm human donor cornea having the Bowman's layer and anterior stroma) using the femtosecond laser and central ablation of this inlay was done on the stromal side using an excimer laser. This customized inlay was placed in the anterior stromal pocket of the patient's cornea using a regular intraocular lens injector.

Results:
Stabilization of keratoconus could be achieved in the present case along with improvement in the corrected distance visual acuity and pachymetry. Maximum keratometry decreased from 69.6 D to 57.3 D.

Conclusions:
Customized Bowman-stromal inlay technique appears to be a step towards creating an ideal inlay for the keratoconus cornea.
Monocyte, Lymphocyte and Neutrophil Ratios – Easy-to-Use Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Pediatric Tuberculosis
Authors: Kissling Mirjam , Fritschi Nora , Baumann Philipp , Buettcher Michael , Bonhoeffer Jan , Naranbhai Vivek , Ritz Nicole 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte-ratio (NLR), neutrophil-to-monocyte-plus-lymphocyte-ratio (NMLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte-ratio (MLR) may have diagnostic potential for tuberculosis (TB).

Methods:
Data of two prospective multicenter studies in Switzerland were used, which included children <18 years with TB exposure, infection or disease or with febrile non-TB lower-respiratory-tract infection (nTB-LRTI).

Results:
Of the 389 children included 25 (6.4%) had TB disease, 12 (3.1%) TB infection, 28 (7.2%) were healthy TB exposed and 324 (83.3%) nTB-LRTI. Median (IQR) NLR was highest with 2.0 (1.2, 2.2) in children with TB disease compared to TB exposed [0.8 (0.6, 1.3); P = 0.002] and nTB-LRTI [0.3 (0.1, 1.0); P < 0.001]. Median (IQR) NMLR was highest with 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) in children with TB disease compared to healthy exposed [0.7 (0.6, 1.1); P = 0.003] and children with nTB-LRTI [0.2 (0.1, 0.6); P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves to detect TB disease compared to nTB-LRTI for NLR and NMLR had an area under the curve of 0.82 and 0.86, the sensitivity of 88% and 88%, and specificity of 71% and 76%, respectively.

Conclusion:
NLR and NMLR are promising, easy-to-obtain diagnostic biomarkers to differentiate children with TB disease from other lower respiratory tract infections. These results require validation in a larger study and in settings with high and low TB endemicity.
Determination of weight loss effectiveness evaluation indexes and establishment of a nomogram for forecasting the probability of effectiveness of weight loss in bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort
Authors: Lu Guanhua , Dong Zhiyong , Huang Biao , Hu Songhao , Cai Shenhua , Hu Min , Hu Ruixiang , Wang Cunchuan 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The purpose of this research was to determine the index that contributes the most to assessing the effectiveness of weight loss 1 year following bariatric surgery and to implement it as the clinical outcome to develop and confirm a nomogram to predict whether bariatric surgery would be effective.

Methods:
Patient information was extracted from the Chinese Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Database for this retrospective study. The most contributing weight loss effectiveness evaluation index was created using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and the predictors were screened using logistic regression analysis. A nomogram for estimating the likelihood of effectiveness of weight loss was constructed, and its performance was further verified.

Results:
Information was obtained for 540 patients, including 30 variables. According to the CCA, ≥25 percentage total weight loss was found to be the most correlated with patient information and contribute the most as a weight loss effectiveness evaluation index. Logistic regression analysis and nomogram scores identified age, surgical strategy, abdominal circumference, weight loss history, and hyperlipidemia as predictors of effectiveness in weight loss. The prediction model’s discrimination, accuracy, and clinical benefit were demonstrated by the consistency index, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis.

Conclusions:
The authors determined a 25 percentage total weight loss as an index for weight loss effectiveness assessment by CCA and next established and validated a nomogram, which demonstrated promising performance in predicting the probability of effectiveness of weight loss in bariatric surgery. The nomogram might be a valuable tool in clinical practice.
Small bowel obstruction: what a gastroenterologist needs to know
Authors: Tai Foong Way David , Sidhu Reena 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Intrabdominal adhesions and intestinal hernias are the commonest cause of small bowel obstruction. Small bowel diseases, which cause small bowel obstruction, are rarer and often poses a challenge to gastroenterologists to diagnose and treat. In this review, small bowel diseases, which predispose to small bowel obstruction, are focused on, and their challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

Recent findings
Diagnosis of causes of partial small bowel obstruction is improved with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) enterography. In fibrostenotic Crohn's strictures and NSAID diaphragm disease, endoscopic balloon dilatation can delay the need for surgery if the lesion is short and accessible; however, many may still inevitably require surgery. Biologic therapy may reduce the need for surgery in symptomatic small bowel Crohn's disease wherein the strictures are predominantly inflammatory. In chronic radiation enteropathy, only refractory small bowel obstruction and those with nutritional difficulties warrant surgery.

Summary
Small bowel diseases causing bowel obstruction are often challenging to diagnose and require numerous investigations over a period of time, which often culminate with surgery. Use of biologics and endoscopic balloon dilatation can help to delay and prevent surgery in some instances.
Bridging the gaps: recent advances in diagnosis, care, and outcomes in congenital hyperinsulinism
Authors: Rosenfeld Elizabeth , De León Diva D. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
To highlight advances in congenital hyperinsulinism (HI), including newly described molecular mechanisms of disease, novel therapeutic interventions, and improved understanding of long-term outcomes.

Recent findings
Important advances have been made elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for HI. Non-coding variants in HK1 have been found to cause aberrant hexokinase expression. Inactivating mutations in SLC25A36 have been identified in children with features of the hyperinsulinism hyperammonemia syndrome. Low-level mosaic mutations in known HI genes have been detected in cases of ‘genetic testing negative’ HI. Identification and localization of focal HI lesions remains a priority, since focal HI can be cured with surgery. Use of 68Ga-NODAGA-exendin-4 PET has been proposed to localize focal lesions. Additional studies are needed before this technique replaces 18F-DOPA PET as standard of care. Treatment options for children with diffuse HI remain limited. The long-acting somatostatin analog, lanreotide, was shown to significantly improve glycemic control in a large series of children with HI. New therapies are under development, with promising preliminary results. Long-term quality of life and neurodevelopmental outcomes remain suboptimal.

Summary
Advanced genetic and epigenomic analytic techniques have uncovered novel molecular mechanisms of HI. Development of new drugs holds promise to improve long-term outcomes for individuals with HI.
Updates in pediatric ultrasound
Authors: Ruscica Alice , Chen Christie , Ng Lorraine 
Published: March 2023

Purpose of review
Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has various diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the pediatric acute care setting that have an impact on clinical outcomes.

Recent findings
POCUS can improve diagnostic efficiency and expedite management in pediatric patients who present to the emergency department with common complaints such as respiratory distress, abdominal pain, shock, and pain.

Summary
Rapid advancements in POCUS have allowed it to become a powerful tool in pediatric care. As the clinical applications of ultrasound diversify, research is needed to evaluate impacts on healthcare outcomes, delivery, and costs.
Managing periprosthetic fractures: perspectives on periprosthetic pelvic fractures
Authors: de Ridder Victor A. , Pape Hans-Christoph , Chana-Rodríguez Francisco , Boudissa Mehdi , Glowalla Claudio , Stuby Fabian , Herath Steven , Histing Tina , Tilkeridis Konstantinos , Dailiana Zoe 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Periacetabular periprosthetic fractures are rare but potentially disastrous for the longevity of the adjacent implants, leading to multiple revision surgeries. It is of paramount importance to identify and treat intraoperative fractures, which will lead to satisfactory results. Postoperative fractures may be managed operatively or nonoperatively depending on the patient's pain and function, the fracture pattern, and the stability of the acetabular component.