bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with alcohol use disorder and its relationship to alcohol consumption and cognition
Authors: Du Yishan , Li Lin , Gong Chengcheng , Li Ting , Xia Yan 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionAlcohol use disorder (AUD) has evolved into a severe social and medical issue. However, the exact environmental factors triggering AUD pathophysiology remain unknown. A growing body of research has shown that environmental elements can affect the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.MethodsWe employed 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology to investigate the composition and diversity of intestinal microbiota in 32 AUD males and 35 healthy controls (HCs), as well as its relationship on cognitive function.ResultsOur findings showed that the alpha diversity indices in AUDs were much lower than HCs. The abundances of Faecalibacterium, Gemmiger, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, Megamonas, and Escherichia were significantly different between AUD and HC groups and could be used as a basis for judging whether excessive drinking. The abundances of Faecalibacterium, Gemmiger, Escherichia, and Fusobacterium can be used to judge the cognitive function of the population.ConclusionThese data suggested that the gut dysbiosis in AUD patients, and some specific microbiota were considered to be related to alcohol intake and cognitive function. This study provides important information for further study of the pathogenesis of AUD from the perspective of intestinal microbiota.
The potency of psychiatric questionnaires to distinguish major mental disorders in Chinese outpatients
Authors: Wang Jiayi , Zhu Enzhao , Ai Pu , Liu Jun , Chen Zhihao , Wang Feng , Chen Fazhan , Ai Zisheng 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundConsidering the huge population in China, the available mental health resources are inadequate. Thus, our study aimed to evaluate whether mental questionnaires, serving as auxiliary diagnostic tools, have efficient diagnostic ability in outpatient psychiatric services.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of Chinese psychiatric outpatients. Altogether 1,182, 5,069, and 4,958 records of Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), respectively, were collected from March 2021 to July 2022. The Mann–Whitney U test was applied to subscale scores and total scores of SCL-90, HAM-A, and HAM-D between the two sexes (male and female groups), different age groups, and four diagnostic groups (anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia). Kendall's tau coefficient analysis and machine learning were also conducted in the diagnostic groups.ResultsWe found significant differences in most subscale scores for both age and gender groups. Using the Mann–Whitney U test and Kendall's tau coefficient analysis, we found that there were no statistically significant differences in diseases in total scale scores and nearly all subscale scores. The results of machine learning (ML) showed that for HAM-A, anxiety had a small degree of differentiation with an AUC of 0.56, while other diseases had an AUC close to 0.50. As for HAM-D, bipolar disorder was slightly distinguishable with an AUC of 0.60, while the AUC of other diseases was lower than 0.50. In SCL-90, all diseases had a similar AUC; among them, bipolar disorder had the lowest score, schizophrenia had the highest score, while anxiety and depression both had an AUC of approximately 0.56.ConclusionThis study is the first to conduct wide and comprehensive analyses on the use of these three scales in Chinese outpatient clinics with both traditional statistical approaches and novel machine learning methods. Our results indicated that the univariate subscale scores did not have statistical significance among our four diagnostic groups, which highlights the limit of their practical use by doctors in identifying different mental diseases in Chinese outpatient psychiatric services.
Work-related disease symptoms and occupational injuries among coffee processing industry workers in Bench-Sheko and Kaffa Zones Southwest, Ethiopia: A mixed-method study
Authors: Mekonnen Besufekad , Solomon Nahom , Wondimu Wondimagegn , Tesfaye Melkamsew , Negash Samuel 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundOccupational injuries have become one of the most critical rooting causes paying to infirmities and life-threatening conditions in developed and developing countries. Workers in the coffee industry face some occupational health and safety issues. However, there is limited evidence on this important public health issue. Hence, this research was conducted to assess work-related disease symptoms and occupational injuries among coffee processing workers in Southwest, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study supplemented with a qualitative method was done. A total of 721 workers were involved in the study for quantitative information. In addition, we performed a total of 22 in-depth and five key informant interviews for generating qualitative evidence. Quantitative data was collected by an interview-based questionnaire which is adapted from similar studies. We conducted descriptive, binary logistic, and multivariable regression analysis as necessary, to ascertain the factors affecting occupational injuries. We collected qualitative data guided by an interview guide, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using ATLAS ti version-8 by applying a content analysis approach. Finally, quotes from participants that had exemplary ideas were triangulated along with quantitative findings.ResultThe overall prevalence rate of work-related symptoms and occupational injuries among coffee processing workers were 21.7 and 13.4% respectively. Age group 30–39 and 40–49 (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.95, 95% CI 1.37, 2.79, (AOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.89, 5.69, respectively, income level (AOR 0.24, 95% CI 0.16, 0.36, p = 0.000), experience (AOR 1.64, 95% CI 1.04, 2.60, p = 0.034), and smoking cigarette (AOR 5.59, 95% CI 2.78, 11.26, p = 0.000) were significantly associated with the work-related symptom. In addition, training related to the job (AOR 11.88, 95% CI1.34, 105.57, p = 0.026) was significantly associated with occupational injuries among coffee processing industry workers.ConclusionThe prevalence of work-related symptoms and occupational injuries was high among coffee processing industry workers in southwest Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for regulations for both government and industry owners to advance the occupational conditions and ergonomic structure of coffee processing industries.
Estimation method for distance cost to access medical services: Policy and patient privacy implications in Taiwan
Authors: Guo Siao-Jing , Chen Hsing-Chu , Yen Chia-Feng 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionIndicators of healthcare access with high reliability, validity, timeliness, and easy application can aid in an understanding of the supply and demand of a region's medical resources and assist governments in allocating resources more effectively. However, a key concern when developing indicators is the protection of private information, such as patients' residential addresses.ObjectivesWe develop an estimation method for distance cost using official public information, including a region's disease prevalence rates and population.Materials and methodsThe method accounts for patients' privacy and addresses limitations associated with using the National Health Insurance Database. This cross-sectional study conducts a secondary data analysis using SPSS and QGIS. The data were divided into a validation group and an index development group with the medical distance calculated for each group. Data for the validation group were sourced from the medical records of patients with diabetes (n = 108–164) and hypertension (n = 243–348) in Yuli documented by a medical center in 2017–2019, and the data for the novel index development group included diabetes and hypertension prevalence sourced from national official public data. The study compared the consistency of the two groups' medical treatment distances to verify the accuracy of the estimation method.ResultsThe estimated distances for the index development group showed a high consistency (ICC &gt; 0.9). Further, the index development group had an excellent R-square after adjusting for age (98.1%) and gender (92.7%).ConclusionsThe proposed method to estimate healthcare on the basis of disease prevalence and population protects patient privacy and can be implemented by local governments.Trial registrationThis study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation (IRB109-239-B).
Intrauterine exposure to preeclampsia does not impair vascular health in children
Authors: Varley Benjamin J. , Henry Amanda , Roberts Lynne , Davis Gregory , Skilton Michael R. , Craig Maria E. , Gow Megan L. 
Published: December 2022

Background and objectivesPreeclampsia is a serious multisystem blood pressure disorder during pregnancy that is associated with increased long-term risk of cardiovascular disease to the mother and offspring. We investigated the vascular health of children exposed to intrauterine preeclampsia.Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study of offspring in a prospective cohort of women with complications during pregnancy. Children aged between 2 and 5 years [median age 4.7 (2.8, 5.1) years] exposed to intrauterine preeclampsia (n = 26) or normotensive controls (n = 34), were recruited between July 2020 and April 2021. Vascular health was assessed by measuring aortic intima-media thickness and pulse wave velocity. Univariate generalized linear regression models were used to explore associations between vascular measurements and explanatory variables.ResultsChildren exposed to preeclampsia had a lower body mass index at assessment (15.5 vs. 16.2 kg/m2, p = 0.04), birth weight (2.90 vs. 3.34 kg, p = 0.004), gestational age at birth (37.5 vs. 39.4 weeks, p &lt; 0.001) and higher frequency of preterm birth (27% vs. 6%, p = 0.02). There were no differences in vascular health between children exposed to preeclampsia vs. controls (mean aortic intima-media thickness 0.575 mm vs. 0.563 mm, p = 0.51, pulse wave velocity 4.09 vs. 4.18 m/s, p = 0.54) and there were no significant associations in univariate analyses.ConclusionsThere were no major adverse differences in vascular health which contrasts with existing studies. This suggests exposure to intrauterine preeclampsia may result in a less severe cardiovascular phenotype in young children. While reassuring, longitudinal studies are required to determine if and when exposure to intrauterine preeclampsia affects vascular health in children.
Self-medication in Chinese residents and the related factors of whether or not they would take suggestions from medical staff as an important consideration during self-medication
Authors: Ge Pu , Li Qiyu , Dong Murong , Niu Yuyao , Han Xiao , Xiong Ping , Bao Yuhan , Min Hewei , Liu Diyue , Wang Suqi , Zhang Jinzi , Zhang Ziwei , Yu Wenli , Sun Xinying , Yu Lian , Wu Yibo 
Published: December 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the status of Chinese residents' self-medication behavior and the important factors to consider when purchasing OTC drugs, and to explore the related factors of the possibility that Chinese residents take medical staff's suggestions as important factors to consider when purchasing OTC drugs.Study designA cross-sectional survey.MethodsA questionnaire was developed for exploring the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, their self-medication status, and important considerations. The questionnaire includes several scales including Health Literacy Scale-Short Form (HLS-SF), EQ-5D Visual Analog Scale (EQ-5D-VAS), Big Five Inventary-10 Items (BFI-10), and New General Self Efficacy Scale (NGSES). After carrying out a multi-stage sampling method, the questionnaire was conducted nationwide from July 10 to September 15, 2021. Next, descriptive statistics were conducted to analyze the general features. Logistic regression was then used to analyze the related factors of the possibility that the respondents took the suggestions of medical staff as an important consideration when purchasing OTC drugs.ResultsNine thousand two hundred fifty-six qualified questionnaires were received. 99.06% of Chinese adults had self-medication behaviors. The types of OTC drugs purchased most by the respondents were NSAIDs (5,421/9,256 people, 58.57%) and vitamins/minerals (4,851/9,256 people, 52.41%). 86.2% of the respondents took the suggestions of medical staff as an important consideration when purchasing OTC drugs. The results of multi-factor logistic regression showed that women, those living in the central and western regions of China, those suffering from chronic diseases, those with high agreeableness, high conscientiousness, high neuroticism and openness, high health literacy, high EQ-5D-VAS, and those with high self-efficacy are more likely to take medical staff's suggestions as important factors to consider.ConclusionThe vast majority of Chinese adults have self-medication behavior. Important considerations when purchasing OTC drugs include medical staff's suggestions, drug safety and drug efficacy. Whether residents take the suggestions of medical staff as an important consideration is related to their sociological characteristics, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, health literacy, self-assessment health status, and self-efficacy. When purchasing and using OTC drugs, residents should carefully listen to the suggestions from medical staff. They should also carefully consider their own conditions before buying OTC drugs.
Evolutionary game analysis of community elderly care service regulation in the context of “Internet +”
Authors: Wang Qiangxiang , Liu June , Zheng Yue 
Published: December 2022

BackgroundAs an upgraded form of the elderly care service industry, “Internet + Community Elderly Care” integrates information technology, artificial intelligence, Internet thinking, and the construction of community elderly care service mechanisms. Research on “Internet + Community Elderly Care” has become a focus.MethodsThe four-party evolutionary game model of elderly service regulations was presented, which consists of the government, providers, platforms, and elderly people. By using Lyapunov stability theory, the stability of each player's strategy selection was analyzed. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of the key parameters was discussed in detail using system dynamics.Results and discussionOnline evaluations of elderly people have more positive effects on the regulatory system than offline evaluations. Both the penalties on providers and subsidies on platforms given by the government have thresholds. Moreover, government penalties for providers and subsidies for platforms could curb their speculative behavior and enable effective steering of providers and platforms.ConclusionThe Omni-feedback mechanism for elderly people can effectively curb the speculative behavior of elderly care service providers and elderly care service information platforms. The government should dynamically adjust penalties and subsidy policies.
Use of statistical shape modeling to enhance the fluoroscopic evaluation of the bladder
Authors: Routzong Megan R. , Santiago-Lastra Yahir , Gallo Kelsey , Burnett Lindsey A. 
Published: December 2022

IntroductionVideo urodynamic studies (VUDS) use fluoroscopic imaging to visualize the bladder and multichannel urodynamics to assess its function. Qualitative assessment of bladder shape is used to identify abnormal features (e.g., diverticula) that correspond with pathophysiology; however, this assessment is limited in its ability to predict bladder function. Therefore, we developed a novel quantitative approach to assess bladder shape obtained from fluoroscopic VUDS images utilizing statistical shape modeling. This method was compared to existing binary and continuous shape quantification methods and used to identify relationships between bladder shape and measures of bladder physiology categorized as related to sensation, incontinence, or emptying.MethodsThis was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 49 participants. Bladder walls were segmented from fluoroscopic images at rest with the bladder filled to approximately 300 mL. Bladder shape was evaluated in three ways: 1) binary categorization as typical or atypical based on clinical assessment, 2) quantification of height-to-width ratios, and 3) quantification by statistical shape modeling. Independent t-tests and correlations were used to assess associations between the three shape evaluation methods and to define relationships between shape and physiologic measures: 3 volumetric measures describing sensation, 2 dichotomous variables addressing incontinence, and 1 volumetric measure representing emptying.ResultsThe statistical shape model generated 5 modes of variation. Mode 1 corresponded with height-to-width ratio (r=0.920, p&lt;0.001), modes 2 and 3 with diagonal height-to-width ratio (r=0.66 and -0.585, p&lt;0.001 and &lt;0.001), and mode 3 with binary shape categorization (p&lt;0.001). In terms of function, those with atypical bladder shape had impaired emptying (p=0.010), modes 4 and 5 were significantly associated with measures of bladder sensation, mode 3 with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence, and mode 3 with emptying in those able to void (r=0.368, p=0.021). The relationship between mode 3 and emptying across all patients is best fitted by a quadratic function (p&lt;0.001).DiscussionOur results demonstrate that binary shape categorization and bladder shape quantified by statistical shape modeling correspond with measures of bladder physiology. This foundational study establishes statistical shape modeling as a robust bladder shape quantification method that can be used to relate bladder shape with physiology.
Prevalence, diagnosis, and manifestations of brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Khoshnood Saeed , Pakzad Reza , Koupaei Maryam , Shirani Maryam , Araghi Almas , Irani Golnaz Mokhtari , Moradi Melika , Pakzad Iraj , Sadeghifard Nourkhoda , Heidary Mohsen 
Published: December 2022

ObjectivesBrucellosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases common between humans and animals. Despite eradication efforts, the burden of the disease is well-known in endemic countries and in countries where brucellosis has not been an important health issue until recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, diagnosis, and manifestations of brucellosis.MethodsIn this study, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar databases were systematically searched to find studies published from 2011 to 2021. The search was conducted using text words and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Terms on the prevalence of brucellosis. Stata software 14.0 was used for all analyses.ResultsBased on the results, the pooled prevalence of brucellosis was 15.27% (95% CI: 9.68–21.86; heterogeneityI2index: 97.43;p&lt; 0.001) for man and 15.33% (95% CI: 7.19–25.75; heterogeneityI2index: 98.19;p&lt; 0.001) for woman. Age (coefficient: 0.240;p= 0.480), gender (coefficient: −0.017;p= 0.800), and publication year (coefficient: 0.114;p= 0.861) showed no significant effect on heterogeneity among studies. Egger's test indicated a significant publication bias for the prevalence of brucellosis (coefficient 3.894;p&lt; 0.001). Moreover, the trim-and-fill method exhibited that the adjusted prevalence of brucellosis (18.30%, 95% CI: 14.10–22.52) was not significantly different from the original prevalence of brucellosis.ConclusionThe pooled estimate for brucellosis prevalence was estimated as 15.53%. To better understand the epidemiology of brucellosis globally, more extensive studies are needed to be conducted throughout the world, especially in developing and low-income countries.
Analysis of Obligatory Involvement of Medical Students in Pandemic Response in the Czech Republic: Competencies, Experiences, and Legal Implications
Authors: Michenka Petr , Fialová Lydie , Šlegerová Lenka , Marx David 
Published: December 2022

Objectives: Medical students in the Czech Republic were mandated by the law to take part in the COVID-19 pandemic response in order to expand healthcare capacity. Our study aimed to analyze student’s competencies defined in the legislation and compare them with competencies assigned to them in clinical settings during their deployment.Methods: Online survey with statistical analysis of collected data.Results: The survey was completed by 997 respondents. A major convergence between the system of credentials defined in the legal framework and the competencies that students performed were identified.Conclusion: Medical students represented a valuable resource for addressing shortages of qualified healthcare staff in critical situation. However, the system of competencies and credentials must be aligned with the educational framework to clearly define acquisition of competencies during the course of medical studies and the legal framework regulating students’ deployment must ensure consistency of actual and formal competencies in order to guarantee high standards of care and safety of the patients.
Самосознание современной личности и проблема социальной ответственности
Authors: Морозова Инесса 
Published: December 2022

В статье представлено рассмотрение проблемы самосознания личности и социальной ответственности субъекта, принимая во внимание наличие противоречий, рисков и угроз современного общества. Анализируются теоретические построения А. Швейцера, К. Манхейма, К. Лоренца, Э. Фромма, А. Спиркина, Л. Скворцова и других исследователей, в работах которых отражены объективные и субъективные аспекты функционирования самосознания и социльной ответственности.
Representación sindical y conflictividad laboral de la enfermería durante la pandemia en Argentina. El caso de la ciudad de Mar del Plata
Authors: Aspiazu Eliana 
Published: December 2022

La enfermería tuvo un rol clave en el cuidado de la salud durante la pandemia por COVID-19 y fue atravesada con fuerza por el aumento de la demanda y la intensidad del trabajo. En este contexto, se evidenciaron tanto los déficits en las condiciones laborales, salariales y contractuales, como las dificultades del personal de enfermería de expresar su descontento a través de canales formales de representación. El objetivo de este estudio es indagar en los modos que encontraron los y las enfermeras de canalizar sus reivindicaciones, conocer sus percepciones sobre el accionar de los gremios y comprender los motivos por los que la estructura sindical sectorial no resulta representativa de la ocupación. Se busca dar un panorama a nivel nacional y profundizar el análisis para el caso de la Ciudad de Mar del Plata, donde se desarrolló un conflicto intenso y extendido durante 2020 y 2021 impulsado por “Enfermerxs Autoconvocadxs”, que visibilizó la disconformidad respecto de la representación de los sindicatos a nivel local y la disociación entre las reivindicaciones generales del sector y las específicas de la enfermería. El estudio se enmarca en una metodología mixta que combina datos de la Base de Conflictos Laborales del MTEySS con datos primarios provenientes de una encuesta online nacional y de entrevistas en profundidad a personal de enfermería.