bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary conditions for the quantum Hall effect
Authors: Angelone Giuliano , Asorey Manuel , Facchi Paolo , Lonigro Davide , Martinez Yisely 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We formulate a self-consistent model of the integer quantum Hall effect on an infinite strip, using boundary conditions to investigate the influence of finite-size effects on the Hall conductivity. By exploiting the translation symmetry along the strip, we determine both the general spectral properties of the system for a large class of boundary conditions respecting such symmetry, and the full spectrum for (fibered) Robin boundary conditions. In particular, we find that the latter introduce a new kind of states with no classical analogues, and add a finer structure to the quantization pattern of the Hall conductivity. Moreover, our model also predicts the breakdown of the quantum Hall effect at high values of the applied electric field.
Fundamental trade-off between the speed of light and the Fano factor of photon current in three-level lambda systems
Authors: Singh Davinder , Jang Seogjoo J , Hyeon Changbong 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Electromagnetically induced slow-light medium is a promising system for quantum memory devices, but controlling its noise level remains a major challenge to overcome. This work considers the simplest model for such medium, comprised of three-level Λ-systems interacting with bosonic bath, and provides a new fundamental trade-off relation in light–matter interaction between the group velocity of light and the Fano factor of photon current due to radiative transitions. Considering the steady state limits of a newly derived Lindblad-type equation, we find that the Fano factor of the photon current maximizes to 3 at the minimal group velocity of light, which holds true universally regardless of detailed values of parameters characterizing the medium.
Anisotropic Rashba coupling to polar modes in KTaO3
Authors: Venditti Giulia , Temperini Maria Eleonora , Barone Paolo , Lorenzana Jose , Gastiasoro Maria N 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Motivated by the discovery of superconductivity in KTaO3-based heterostructures, we study a pairing mechanism based on spin-orbit assisted coupling between the conduction electrons and the ferroelectric (FE) modes present in the material. We use ab initio frozen-phonon computations to show a linear-in-momentum Rashba-like coupling with a strong angular dependence in momentum for the lower

j
=
3

/

2

manifold, deviating from the conventional isotropic Rashba model. This implies the Rashba-like interaction with the polar modes has substantial L = 3 cubic harmonic corrections, which we quantify for each electronic band. The strong anisotropy of the Rashba interaction is captured by a microscopic toy model for the

t

2
g

electrons. We find its origin to be the angular dependence in electronic momentum imposed by the kinetic term on the degenerate

j
=
3

/

2

manifold. A comparison between the toy model and ab initio results indicates that additional symmetry allowed terms beyond odd-parity spin-conserving inter-orbital hopping processes are needed to describe the Rashba-like polar interaction between the electrons and the soft FE mode.
Learning the dynamics of particle-based systems with Lagrangian graph neural networks
Authors: Bhattoo Ravinder , Ranu Sayan , Krishnan N M Anoop 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Physical systems are commonly represented as a combination of particles, the individual dynamics of which govern the system dynamics. However, traditional approaches require the knowledge of several abstract quantities such as the energy or force to infer the dynamics of these particles. Here, we present a framework, namely, Lagrangian graph neural network (LGnn), that provides a strong inductive bias to learn the Lagrangian of a particle-based system directly from the trajectory. We test our approach on challenging systems with constraints and drag—LGnn outperforms baselines such as feed-forward Lagrangian neural network (Lnn) with improved performance. We also show the zero-shot generalizability of the system by simulating systems two orders of magnitude larger than the trained one and also hybrid systems that are unseen by the model, a unique feature. The graph architecture of LGnn significantly simplifies the learning in comparison to Lnn with ∼25 times better performance on ∼20 times smaller amounts of data. Finally, we show the interpretability of LGnn, which directly provides physical insights on drag and constraint forces learned by the model. LGnn can thus provide a fillip toward understanding the dynamics of physical systems purely from observable quantities.
Video Education About Genetic Privacy and Patient Perspectives About Sharing Prenatal Genetic Data: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Parobek Christian M. , Thorsen Margaret M. , Has Phinnara , Lorenzi Paula , Clark Melissa A. , Russo Melissa L. , Lewkowitz Adam K. 
Published: January 2023

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022;227:87.e1–87.e14)
Although historically prenatal genetic screening has relied on ultrasound and maternal serum analyses, recent years have seen a 15% annualized growth rate of the fetal cell-free DNA (cfDNA) test since its introduction in 2011. Despite the high accuracy of these screens, sensitive information within their results regarding current and future health for both the pregnant patient and the fetus renders the leftover samples as valuable for research and development.
Comparison of the Multiple Mini-Interview and the Traditional Interview in Medical School Admissions: Lessons Learned Using a Hybrid Model at One Institution
Authors: Abrams Madeline , Olvet Doreen M. , Ellenbogen Lisa , Bird Jeffrey B. , Fazio Christopher , Caprioglio Lauren , Ginzburg Samara , Smith Lawrence , Woldenberg Rona 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
Medical school admissions interviews are a critical form of assessment; however, the most effective interview strategy is debated. This study compares the traditional interview (TI) and multiple mini-interview (MMI) within a hybrid TI-MMI model at one medical school to determine whether the interview approaches reveal different information about applicants and whether a hybrid model results in a more diversified applicant pool.

Method
Admissions data from 3 application cycles at the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell were used. The TI was used in 2017–2018 and the hybrid TI-MMI model in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020. Applicants were scored on a 5-point scale and referred to a voting committee for acceptance consideration if interview scores met threshold criteria. Changes in the number of students referred to the committee using the TI vs the TI-MMI score criteria were analyzed.

Results
In 2017–2018 (TI only), 683 applicants were interviewed; in 2018–2019 (TI-MMI), 844 applicants were interviewed; and in 2019–2020 (TI-MMI), 805 applicants were interviewed. Medium correlations were found between total MMI and TI scores in 2018–2019 (ρ = 0.37, P < .001) and 2019–2020 (ρ = 0.33, P < .001). No differences were found in TI scores between 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 (P = .30), but TI scores were significantly lower in 2019–2020 vs 2017–2018 (P < .001) and 2018–2019 (P = .002). Overall, a 10% to 18% increase was found in the number of applicants referred to the voting committee when using hybrid criteria, with a 19% to 27% increase in underrepresented in medicine applicants.

Conclusions
The TI-MMI model may allow for a more holistic interview approach and an expanded pool of applicants, particularly underrepresented in medicine applicants, considered for acceptance.
Power Reimagined: Advancing Women Into Emerging Leadership Positions
Authors: Chaudron Linda H. , Harris Toi B. , Chatterjee Archana , Lautenberger Diana M. 
Published: January 2023

Academic medicine is evolving from the traditional model of a medical school and teaching hospital owned by the same entity to one with complex academic medical centers and health systems. This increased complexity is evident not only in the funding streams and organizational priorities of these growing health systems but also in the evolution of leadership roles toward more matrixed positions and more individuals who hold both medical school and health system roles. Given this changing landscape, the authors of this commentary raise the following questions: Will the levers of power remain in the hands of those in traditional academic roles? Or are they moving toward those in roles that are more aligned with the clinical enterprise and health system? Then, if this shift is occurring, what is needed to prepare women to be competitive candidates for these new roles?
Because of the long history of and current gender imbalance in academic leadership roles, professional development programs have traditionally focused on preparing women to advance through the faculty ranks and for department chair and decanal roles. With the shift to more complicated health systems, the definitions, responsibilities, and types of leadership roles in academic medicine are also evolving to include nontraditional academic positions in the health system, such as c-suite and other senior executive roles. In parallel to the gender inequities in traditional roles, women are also underrepresented in health system leadership roles. Therefore, it is critical to explicitly identify emerging roles in health care leadership, address systemic barriers, and actively train and prepare women with the knowledge, skills, and experience required for these positions. Only with consistent attention to outcomes and the implementation of intentional systems to engage, prepare, and advance women will the gender gap be closed.
Conservative Management of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Plener Joshua , Csiernik Ben , To Daphne , da Silva-Oolup Sophia , Hofkirchner Corey , Cox Jocelyn , Cancelliere Carol , Chow Ngai , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Ammendolia Carlo 
Published: January 2023

Objective:The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness and safety of conservative interventions compared with other interventions, placebo/sham interventions, or no intervention on disability, pain, function, quality of life, and psychological impact in adults with cervical radiculopathy (CR).Methods:We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception to June 15, 2022 to identify studies that were randomized controlled trials, had at least one conservative treatment arm, and diagnosed participants with CR through confirmatory clinical examination and/or diagnostic tests. Studies were appraised using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool and the quality of the evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.Results:Of the 2561 records identified, 59 trials met our inclusion criteria (n = 4108 participants). Due to clinical and statistical heterogeneity, the findings were synthesized narratively. There is very-low certainty evidence supporting the use of acupuncture, prednisolone, cervical manipulation, and low-level laser therapy for pain and disability in the immediate to short-term, and thoracic manipulation and low-level laser therapy for improvements in cervical range of motion in the immediate term. There is low to very-low certainty evidence for multimodal interventions, providing inconclusive evidence for pain, disability, and range of motion. There is inconclusive evidence for pain reduction after conservative management compared with surgery, rated as very-low certainty.Discussion:There is a lack of high-quality evidence, limiting our ability to make any meaningful conclusions. As the number of people with CR is expected to increase, there is an urgent need for future research to help address these gaps.
Clinical Validation of a Novel Musculoskeletal Modeling Framework to Predict Postoperative Sagittal Alignment
Authors: Bayoglu Riza , Witt Jens-Peter , Chatain Grégoire P. , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S. , Hamilton D. Kojo , Puccio Lauren M. , Alan Nima , Ignasiak Dominika 
Published: January 2023

Study Design.
A retrospective radiographic and biomechanical analysis of 108 thoracolumbar fusion patients from two clinical centers.

Objective.
This study aimed to determine the validity of a computational framework for predicting postoperative patient posture based on preoperative imaging and surgical data in a large clinical sample.

Summary of Background Data.
Short-term and long-term studies on thoracolumbar fusion patients have discussed that a preoperative predictive model would benefit surgical planning and improve patient outcomes. Clinical studies have shown that postoperative alignment changes at the pelvis and intact spine levels may negatively affect postural balance and quality of life. However, it remains challenging to predict such changes preoperatively because of confounding surgical and patient factors.

Materials and Methods.
Patient-specific musculoskeletal models incorporated weight, height, body mass index, age, pathology-associated muscle strength, preoperative sagittal alignment, and surgical treatment details. The sagittal alignment parameters predicted by the simulations were compared with those observed radiographically at a minimum of three months after surgery.

Results.
Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from r=0.86 to 0.95, and mean errors ranged from 4.1° to 5.6°. The predictive accuracies for postoperative spinopelvic malalignment (pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis>10°) and sagittal imbalance parameters (TPA>14°, T9PA>7.4°, or LPA>7.2°) were between 81% and 94%. Patients treated with long fusion (greater than five segments) had relatively lower prediction errors for lumbar lordosis and spinopelvic mismatch than those in the local and short groups.

Conclusions.
The overall model performance with long constructs was superior to those of the local (one to two segments) and short (three to four segments) fusion cases. The clinical framework is a promising tool in development to enhance clinical judgment and to help design treatment strategies for predictable surgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence.
3
The Use of the Protease Inhibitor, Saquinavir, to Treat Anal Cancer Spheroids Derived from HPV Transgenic Mice
Authors: Johnson Hillary R. , Gunder Laura C. , Leverson Glen E. , Carchman Evie H. 
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:
Anal cancer is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus infection and oncoprotein expression. We have identified several protease inhibitors, used to treat HIV, that decrease oncogene expression.

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this project is to determine whether the protease inhibitor, Saquinavir, results in a treatment response in anal cancer spheroids.

DESIGN:

K14E6/E7 transgenic mice (n=5), which express HPV16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 in their epithelium, were treated topically at the anus with carcinogen, 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, to promote anal tumor growth. Tumors were excised and digested, and cells were plated. The tumor cells form 3D multicellular aggregates, known as spheroids.

SETTINGS:
This study was performed in an American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care approved facility.

INTERVENTIONS:
Spheroids were placed in treatment groups: no treatment, vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide), and 15 μM Saquinavir. Spheroids were imaged immediately prior to treatment and 24-hours post-treatment.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Spheroid diameters were measured using ImageJ and mean percent reduction was calculated for each spheroid to determine treatment effect on spheroid growth. Analysis of variance using pairwise comparisons were performed with Fisher’s protected least significant difference tests.

RESULTS:
No treatment (n=119 spheroids) and vehicle (n=126 spheroids) groups demonstrated an increase in spheroid diameter over the treatment period. In contrast, spheroids treated with Saquinavir (n=151 spheroids), demonstrated a statistically significant percent reduction compared to no treatment (p value < 0.0001) and vehicle (p value = 0.002) groups.

LIMITATIONS:
A limitation of this data is that some human error is likely present given that images were analyzed by three different scientists.

CONCLUSIONS:
Saquinavir leads to a statistically significant percent reduction in mice anal tumor spheroid growth ex-vivo when compared to control groups. Protease inhibitor therapy may be an effective treatment or adjuvant therapy to the Nigro protocol to promote anal cancer tumor regression. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/C82.
Sentinel lymphatic mapping for gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Hari Anjali Y. , Tewari Krishnansu S. 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
To summarize the latest data in Gynecologic Oncology for the use of sentinel lymphatic mapping in vulvar, uterine, and cervical cancers.

Recent findings
To decrease morbidity and improve detection of lymphatic metastasis, lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node biopsy is emerging as standard of care over conventional systemic lymphadenectomy in the surgical management of gynecologic malignancies.

Summary
Sentinel lymph node mapping with biopsy is one of the most significant advances in cancer surgery. The presence of nodal metastasis is not only a prognostic factor for recurrence and survival in patients with gynecologic malignancies, but also guides assessment for adjuvant treatment. This review article discusses the most recent clinical updates in sentinel lymph node mapping, dissection, and management in vulvar cancer, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer.
Psychometric properties of a Persian version of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire for measuring vulvovaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women
Authors: Shaabani Niloofar , Parvizi Mohammad Mahdi , Bagheri Zahra , Saki Nasrin , Shahsavar Zahra , Heydarirad Ghazaleh , Tansaz Mojgan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective
Vulvovaginal symptoms are common in postmenopausal women and can affect their quality of life and sexual function. Using a sample of postmenopausal Iranian women, we evaluated a Persian translation of the Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire (VSQ).

Methods
This study included 201 postmenopausal Iranian women referred to dermatology and gynecology clinics affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. We translated the VSQ to the Persian language using the forward-backward method. We examined the questionnaire's internal consistency using Cronbach α coefficient and evaluated its construct validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Results
A Cronbach α coefficient of 0.763 confirmed the overall internal consistency of the Persian VSQ. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that except for three items in the symptoms subscale, others had sufficient α coefficients, although some did not load on the expected subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the appropriate allocation of all but two items to the expected subscales. An intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.89 confirmed the reliability of the questionnaire.

Conclusions
Although some parts of the Persian VSQ were unsatisfactory, most were appropriate for assessing vulvovaginal symptoms in postmenopausal Iranian women. We recommend further cultural adaptations.
Risk and benefit of extrapulmonary vein ablation in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Liao Yu , Katrapati Praneeth , Bai Rong 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
This review aims to summarize the recent development, benefit, and safety of extrapulmonary vein ablation for atrial fibrillation.

Recent finding
Studies have shown that extrapulmonary vein ablation can help maintain normal sinus rhythm for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. As prior strategies targeting anatomical lines and triggers are well utilized, novel techniques for substrate mapping have been rapidly developing. These strategies are well tolerated and could be chosen based on patients’ conditions and physicians’ experience.

Summary
Extrapulmonary vein ablation could be safely and effectively performed for patients with atrial fibrillation. It provides further consolidation of normal sinus rhythm.
Primary prevention statin therapy in older adults
Authors: Nanna Michael G. , Abdullah Ahmed , Mortensen Martin B. , Navar Ann Marie 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence for primary prevention statin treatment in older adults, within the context of the most recent guideline recommendations, while also highlighting important considerations for shared decision-making.

Recent findings
As the average lifespan increases and the older adult population grows, the opportunity for prevention of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is magnified. Randomized trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated a clear benefit for primary prevention statin use through age 75, with uncertainty beyond that age. Despite these data supporting their use, current guidelines conflict in their statin treatment recommendations in those aged 70–75 years. Reflecting the paucity of evidence, the same guidelines are equivocal around primary prevention statins in those beyond age 75. Two large ongoing randomized trials (STAREE and PREVENTABLE) will provide additional insights into the treatment benefits and risks of primary prevention statins in the older adult population. In the meantime, a holistic approach in treatment decisions remains paramount for older patients.

Summary
The benefits of primary prevention statin treatment are apparent through age 75, which is reflected in the current ACC/AHA and USPSTF recommendations. Ongoing trials will clarify the utility in those beyond age 75.
Coronary artery calcium testing in young adults
Authors: Razavi Alexander C. , Mortensen Martin Bødtker , Blaha Michael J. , Dzaye Omar 
Published: January 2023

Purpose of review
To provide a summary of recent literature on coronary artery calcium testing (CAC) for risk stratification in young adults <45 years old.

Recent findings
One of every ten young adults in the general population, and one out of every three young adults with traditional atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors, have CAC. While the definition of premature CAC has yet to be formally defined in guidelines, it has become increasingly clear that any prevalent CAC among adults <45 years old should be considered premature. Traditional risk factors are strong predictors of CAC in young adults; however, this association has been found to wane over the life course which suggests that the onset and severity of risk factors for calcific atherosclerosis varies as individuals age. Though CAC is a robust predictor of both ASCVD and cancer-related mortality in old age, CAC in young adults confers a stepwise higher risk uniquely for incident ASCVD mortality, and not for non-ASCVD causes. New tools are available to assist in interpretation of CAC in the young, and for estimating the ideal age to initiate CAC scoring.

Summary
The identification of premature CAC is important because it suggests that calcific plaque can be detected with modern imaging earlier in the natural history than previously thought. Taken together, these findings underline a utility of selective use of CAC scoring on non-contrast computed tomography among at-risk young adults to facilitate timely lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapies for the prevention of later life ASCVD.