bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocrelizumab dose selection for treatment of pediatric relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: results of the OPERETTA I study
Authors: Mar Soe , Valeriani Massimiliano , Steinborn Barbara , Schreiner Teri , Waubant Emmanuelle , Filippi Massimo , Kotulska Katarzyna , Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska Maria , El Azzouzi Bouchra , Lin Chien-Ju , Shen Yun-An , Kletzl Heidemarie , Evershed Joanna , Hogea Alexandra , Manlius Corinne , Bonati Ulrike , Banwell Brenda 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The presented study identified the appropriate ocrelizumab dosing regimen for patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS).

Methods
Patients with POMS aged 10–17 years were enrolled into cohort 1 (body weight [BW] < 40 kg, ocrelizumab 300 mg) and cohort 2 (BW ≥ 40 kg, ocrelizumab 600 mg) during a 24-week dose-exploration period (DEP), followed by an optional ocrelizumab (given every 24 weeks) extension period. Primary endpoints: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (CD19+ B-cell count); secondary endpoint: safety; exploratory endpoints: MRI activity, protocol-defined relapses, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score change.

Results
A total of 23 patients (cohort 1: n = 6, age 10–12 years, BW 27.0–39.0 kg; cohort 2: n = 17, age 11–17 years, BW 42.1–108.4 kg) were enrolled. Median treatment duration was 120 (range, 24–193) weeks at the primary analysis cutoff (October 5, 2023). Overall, the pharmacokinetic data were within the range observed at 600 mg in adult patients with MS; however, the exposure at 300 mg in patients < 40 kg was lower than with 600 mg in patients ≥ 40 kg. Shifting the cutoff to 35 kg would provide better exposure to patients with 35–40 kg body weight. Sustained, near-complete B-cell depletion was observed. The safety profile was consistent with that in adults. EDSS scores remained stable; no clinical relapses were observed.

Conclusion
A dosing regimen of 300 mg ocrelizumab for patients < 35 kg, and 600 mg for patients ≥ 35 kg (every 24 weeks), was selected for the phase 3 OPERETTA II trial (NCT05123703).

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04075266.
Climate signal age effects in Pinus uncinata tree-ring density data from the Spanish Pyrenees
Authors: Spelsberg Sophie , Büntgen Ulf , Homfeld Inga K. , Kunz Marcel , Martinez del Castillo Edurne , Tejedor Ernesto , Torbenson Max , Ziaco Emanuele , Esper Jan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Key message

The temperature sensitivity of maximum latewood density measurements in pine trees from a high-elevation site in the Spanish Pyrenees increases with tree age. Detrending modulates the intensity of the effect.

Abstract
Tree-rings are the prime archive for high-resolution climate information over the past two millennia. However, the accuracy of annually resolved reconstructions from tree-rings can be constrained by what is known as climate signal age effects (CSAE), encompassing changes in the sensitivity of tree growth to climate over their lifespans. Here, we evaluate CSAE in Pinus uncinata from an upper tree line site in the Spanish central Pyrenees, Lake Gerber, which became a key location for reconstructing western Mediterranean summer temperatures at annual resolution. We use tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) measurements from 50 pine trees with individual ages ranging from 7 to 406 years. For MXD, temperature sensitivity increases significantly (p < 0.01) with tree age from r = 0.31 in juvenile rings with a cambial age < 100 years to r = 0.49 in adult rings > 100 years. Similar CSAE are not detected in TRW, likely affected by the overall lower temperature signal (r
TRW = 0.45 vs. r
MXD = 0.81 from 1951 to 2020). The severity of CSAE is influenced by the approach used to remove ontogenetic trends, highlighting the need to assess and consider potential biases during tree-ring standardization. Our findings reveal CSAE to add uncertainty in MXD-based climate reconstructions in the Mediterranean. We recommend studying CSAE by sampling diverse age classes in dendroclimatic field campaigns.
Gestational diabetes and mental health: longitudinal analysis of data from the GEMS randomized trial
Authors: Ohene-Agyei Phyllis , Gamble Greg D. , Tran Thach , Harding Jane E. , Crowther Caroline A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
There is limited high-quality evidence about perinatal mental health among women with gestational diabetes. We aimed to assess the risks and longitudinal changes in anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life comparing women with gestational diabetes and those without among a contemporary cohort of pregnant women.

Methods
Prospective cohort study of participants in the GEMS Trial. Women with a singleton pregnancy were eligible if they had a 75-g diagnostic oral glucose-tolerance test between 24 and 32 weeks’ gestation, provided written informed consent, and completed questionnaires about anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life at the study time points.

Results
There were no differences in risk for anxiety (RR 1.13, 95% CI 0.86, 1.49; p = 0.39) or depression (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78, 1.50; p = 0.64) between the two groups at 36 weeks’ gestation or 6 months postpartum [anxiety: (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.90, 1.63; p = 0.21); depression: (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.55, 1.28; p = 0.43]. However, at 36 weeks’ gestation participants with gestational diabetes reported better physical functioning, and at 6 months postpartum, better mental functioning (mean difference (MD) in scores 1.28, 95% CI 0.25, 2.30; p = 0.01) although worse physical functioning (MD -2.99, 95% CI -3.90, -2.07; p = < 0.001) compared to participants without.

Conclusion
The risk for poor mental health during the perinatal period does not differ importantly among women diagnosed and treated for gestational diabetes compared to the general pregnant population.
Enhanced RTP method for nonlinear statistical prediction of ship structural response
Authors: Matsui Sadaoki 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the Enhanced RAO-based Translation Process (ERTP) method, which is an enhanced version of the RAO-based Translation Process (RTP) method proposed in the previous study, is newly proposed. The RTP method approximates the Extreme Value Distribution (EVD) in arbitrary irregular waves from the nonlinear response in regular waves based on the idea of the transformation process, in which the nonlinear process is regarded as a transformation of a linear process. However, it was found that the RTP method is inaccurate when the response spectrum has multiple peaks, which is often the case for stresses in ship structures in waves. To solve this problem, the author developed the ERTP method, which defines a nonlinear transformation based on the L
p-norm of the response spectrum. Direct Load and Structure Analysis considering the nonlinearity of wave loads was conducted and confirmed that the proposed method can reasonably estimate the EVD even for structural elements with a multi-peaked response spectrum with respect to the wave direction.
Do coastal salt mudflats (sabkhas) contribute to the blue carbon sequestration?
Authors: Elsayed Hadil , Al Disi Zulfa Ali , Naja Khaled , Strakhov Ivan , Mundle Scott O. C. , Al-Kuwari Hamad Al Saad , Sadooni Fadhil , Diloreto Zach , Al-Khayat Jassim Abdulla A. , Dittrich Maria 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Blue carbon represents the organic carbon retained in marine coastal ecosystems. Sabkhas (an Arabic for “mudflats”), formed in tidal environments under arid conditions, have been proposed to be capable of carbon sequestrating. Despite the growing understanding of the critical role of blue carbon ecosystems, there is a current dispute about whether sabkhas around the Persian Gulf can contribute to carbon retention as a blue carbon ecosystem. The arguments often lack data on a critical contributor, inorganic carbon in the form of carbonates, which can drive the net carbon exchange with the atmosphere. In this study we inventory organic and inorganic carbon retention capacity in two contrasting sabkhas of the Qatar Peninsula: carbonaceous Dohat Faishakh and siliciclastic Khor Al-Adaid. Despite the differences in organic carbon stock between the two sabkhas, the Dohat Faishakh sabkha has higher (37.17 ± 0.81 Mg Corg ha−1) than it is in the Khor Al-Adaid sabkha (13.75 ± 0.38 Mg Corg ha−1) for 0. 44 m sediment depth, the organic carbon retained in sabkhas is similar to those reported for mangroves and salt marshes. Notably, calculated CO2 net sequestration indicated that both sabkhas evade CO2 into the atmosphere. Thus, carbonate formation negated organic carbon accumulation in carbonaceous sabkha. Consequently, for proper evaluation of sabkhas as a blue carbon ecosystem, an inorganic carbon analysis, especially of carbonate formation, is inevitable. Considering only organic carbon stock may ay overestimate carbon sequestration capacity.
Load-bearing capacity of an experimental dental implant made of Nb-1Zr
Authors: Pott Philipp-Cornelius , Petsa Karolina , Klose Christian , Schleich Julian-Tobias , Brümmer Neele , Winkel Andreas , Maier Hans Jürgen , Stiesch Meike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although implants have undergone a remarkable development over the past decades, modern implants still show complications that make the improvement of materials necessary. The presented study investigates the load-bearing capacity of an experimental dental implant made of a niobium alloy (Nb1Zr) compared to identical implants made of Ti6Al4V using chewing simulation for artificial aging. Eight implants each with an experimental design were manufactured from Nb1Zr and Ti6Al4V. A standardized abutment made of Ti6Al4V was fabricated for each implant and screwed into the implant with a screw made of the same material. A shape-identical crown for an upper first molar was fabricated for all implants using the CAD/CAM technique. All specimens were artificially aged using chewing simulation for 1 × 106 cycles and thermocycling between 5 °C and 55 °C for 4 × 103 cycles. After that, all specimens were loaded until failure. This was followed by a 3D analysis of the deformation of the samples. 100% of the samples survived the artificial aging. The Nb1Zr samples failed at 2595 ± 1069 N. In the Ti6Al4V group, failure occurred at 2958 ± 1058 N. The first deformations occurred in both groups from a load of at least 1114 N. The 3D analysis revealed deformations of 0.08 mm in the implant shoulder area of the Nb1Zr implants and of 0.04 mm in the Ti6Al4V implants. This difference was significant (p = 0.016). The investigated Nb1Zr alloy appears to be suitable for implants. The measured load-bearing capacity is significantly higher than the expected intraoral masticatory forces.

Graphical Abstract
Breaking Up Rationally
Authors: Villiger Daniel , de Vries Bouke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The end of a long-term romantic relationship ranks among the most stressful and momentous events in life. Thus, the decision of whether to break up with someone whom one has been with for many years should generally be made very carefully. Unfortunately, decision theory is often thought to be unable to provide rational guidance in such high-stake life choices due to the outcomes’ presumed transformative character. The present paper shows how agents can rationally decide whether to leave their romantic partner even if the decision is transformative. It does so by using a novel five-level account of transformative decision-making, which can also be used for other key life choices, and which is the first to integrate in a systematic way several approaches for making (certain types of) transformative decisions that have been proposed in recent years.
Comparison of Random Forest and Stepwise Regression for Variable Selection Using Low Prevalence Predictors: A case Study in Paediatric Sepsis
Authors: Gilholm Patricia , Lister Paula , Irwin Adam , Harley Amanda , Raman Sainath , Schlapbach Luregn J , Gibbons Kristen S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Variable selection is a common technique to identify the most predictive variables from a pool of candidate predictors. Low prevalence predictors (LPPs) are frequently found in clinical data, yet few studies have explored their impact on model performance during variable selection. This study compared the Random Forest (RF) algorithm and stepwise regression (SWR) for variable selection using data from a paediatric sepsis screening tool, where 18 out of 32 predictors had a prevalence < 10%.

Methods
Variable selection using RF was compared to forward and backward SWR. Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the variables retained. Additionally, a simulation study assessed how increasing the prevalence of the predictors impacted the variable selection results.

Results
The best fitting RF and SWR models retained were 22, and 17 predictors, respectively, with 14 and 10 predictors having a prevalence < 10%. Both the RF and SWR models had similar predictive performance (RF: AUC [95% Confidence Interval] 0.79 [0.77, 0.81], LR: 0.80 [0.78, 0.82]). The simulation study revealed differences for both RF and SWR models in variable importance rankings and predictor selection with increasing prevalence thresholds, particularly for moderately and strongly associated predictors.

Discussion
The RF algorithm retained a number of very low prevalence predictors compared to SWR. However, the predictive performance of both models were comparable, demonstrating that when applied correctly and the number of candidate predictors is small, both methods are suitable for variable selection when using low prevalence predictors.
Quality attributes of test cases and test suites – importance & challenges from practitioners’ perspectives
Authors: Tran Huynh Khanh Vi , Ali Nauman bin , Unterkalmsteiner Michael , Börstler Jürgen , Chatzipetrou Panagiota 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The quality of the test suites and the constituent test cases significantly impacts confidence in software testing. While research has identified several quality attributes of test cases and test suites, there is a need for a better understanding of their relative importance in practice. We investigate practitioners’ perceptions regarding the relative importance of quality attributes of test cases and test suites and the challenges that they face in ensuring the perceived important quality attributes. To capture the practitioners’ perceptions, we conducted an industrial survey using a questionnaire based on the quality attributes identified in an extensive literature review. We used a sampling strategy that leverages LinkedIn to draw a large and heterogeneous sample of professionals with experience in software testing. We collected 354 responses from practitioners with a wide range of experience (from less than one year to 42 years of experience). We found that the majority of practitioners rated Fault Detection, Usability, Maintainability, Reliability, and Coverage to be the most important quality attributes. Resource Efficiency, Reusability, and Simplicity received the most divergent opinions, which, according to our analysis, depend on the software-testing contexts. Also, we identified common challenges that apply to the important attributes, namely inadequate definition, lack of useful metrics, lack of an established review process, and lack of external support. The findings point out where practitioners actually need further support with respect to achieving high-quality test cases and test suites under different software testing contexts. Hence, the findings can serve as a guideline for academic researchers when looking for research directions on the topic. Furthermore, the findings can be used to encourage companies to provide more support to practitioners to achieve high-quality test cases and test suites.
Moralism as a Pathology of Public Discourse: A Realist Assessment
Authors: Burelli Carlo , Destri Chiara 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This paper aims to offer a critique of a rigidly moralistic temperament in public discourse from the perspective of political realism. It unpacks three types of moralism in public discourse, and for each, it explains why it is normatively problematic from a realist perspective: ‘Moralist Causalism’ is the belief that moral preaching is an apt way to affect the world for the better; ‘Moralist Manicheism’ is a dichotomous division of the world between good and evil; ‘Moralist Absolutism’ is the conviction that only morality matters when we answer the question, ‘What should we do?’. The paper then turns these negative criticisms into a positive recipe for how to look realistically at what is valuable in the world. First, there are not only multiple values in the world but also different sources of values (epistemic, instrumental, aesthetic…) which may conflict with one another. We call this requirement ‘Meta-Normative Pluralism’. Second, politics is pivotal because it is the sphere where the clashes among all other spheres of value are authoritatively resolved—a role which moralists usurp for morality.
The predictive value of prostate spherical volume ratio in lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Ji Tangrao , Huang Kewei , He Biming , Wang Haifeng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To evaluate the predictive value of Prostate Spherical Volume Ratio for Lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical progression of Benign prostatic hyperplasia. And compared with other prostatic anatomical parameters.

Methods
A total of 154 patients with Benign prostatic hyperplasia who underwent MRI and urodynamics were included in the study, while prostate anatomical parameters such as prostate spherical volume ratio, prostate volume, intravesical prostatic protrusion, prostatic urethral length and presumed circle area ratio were determined based on MRI measurements. Average length of follow-up was 12 months. The primary outcome was follow-up for the clinical progression of Benign prostatic hyperplasia, defined as an increase in the International Prostate Symptom Score of at least 4 points, Benign prostatic hyperplasia-related prostatic surgery. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for lower urinary tract symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for clinical progression of Benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Results
Multivariate linear regression highlighted the significant association of prostate spherical volume ratio with lower urinary tract symptoms. In multivariable logistic regression analysis prostate spherical volume ratio is an independent risk factor for the clinical progression of Benign prostatic hyperplasia to an increase in the International Prostate Symptom Score of at least 4 points (OR = 1.53 p = 0.016) and Benign prostatic hyperplasia -related prostatic surgery (OR = 5.15 p = 0.020).

Conclusion
Prostate spherical volume ratio has been significantly correlated with Lower urinary tract symptoms, and it was an independent risk factor for the clinical progression of Benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov
NCT06448533
Time course of hospitalizations in patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease around sleep-disordered-breathing diagnosis
Authors: Tafelmeier Maria , Malfertheiner Maximilian , Zeman Florian , Penzel Thomas , Schoebel Christoph , Randerath Winfried , Treml Marcel , Lotz Gary , Pepin Jean-Louis , Arzt Michael 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
In heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) populations, sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is associated with impaired health outcomes. We evaluated whether in patients with HF, concomitant HF and COPD or COPD, the number of hospitalizations would be reduced in the year after testing for SDB with and without treatment initiation compared to the year before.

Methods
We performed a multicentre retrospective study of 390 consecutive sleep-clinic patients who had a primary diagnosis of chronic HF, HF and COPD or COPD and a secondary diagnosis of SDB. The date of SDB-testing was defined as the index date. Data on healthcare utilization was extracted for the 12-month period prior to and after this date.

Results
The initiation of adaptive servoventilation (ASV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the number of hospitalisations. While continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment also demonstrated a reduction in hospitalisations, the observed effect did not reach the level of statistical significance. After accounting for demographics and comorbidities in multivariable regression analyses, only NIV was significantly associated with a reduction in hospitalizations, while CPAP or ASV were not. NIV appears to be underutilized in COPD.

Conclusions
Our data indicate, that patients with HF or COPD and concomitant SDB may benefit from the initiation of appropriate PAP-therapy. Whether treating SDB in HF- and COPD-patients influences healthcare utilization merits further investigation.
Design of a nutrient profiling model for life cycle assessment of “superfoods” to address nutritional deficiencies and enhance environmental protection in Spain
Authors: Fernández-Ríos Ana , Laso Jara , Batlle-Bayer Laura , Amo-Setién Francisco , Abajas-Bustillo Rebeca , Ortego-Maté Carmen , Aldaco Rubén , Margallo María 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The overriding connection between climate interactions and nutritional outcomes of food systems is at the forefront of research, especially when it comes to assessing alternative food products. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to design a nutrient profiling (NP) model adapted to the Spanish context for use in nutritionally-factored environmental life cycle assessments (LCA) of “superfoods.”

Methods
The variability in nutritional needs between countries and their associated environmental impact were the key points that motivated the creation of the model and guided its development. Based on the “nutrient rich” family of models, the characterization of the NP system was guided by the definition of the specific purpose and the selection of qualifying and disqualifying nutrients according to the Spanish recommendations. The introduction of weighting factors was motivated by the capacity of “superfoods” to cover main nutritional shortfalls of the population and they were estimated with the actual and the recommended intake levels.

Results and discussion
The Spanish Nutrient Rich (“super”)Food 9.2 (sNRF9.2) model validation and testing across various foods successfully fulfills its purpose by aligning with the Spanish Public Health Strategy and providing an adequate prioritization of products. The application of the index to “superfoods” identified chia seeds, turmeric, kale, or moringa, among others as the most beneficial, thus demonstrating their nutritional potential. Even though the application as functional unit in the LCA of “superfoods” is ongoing, preliminary results in conventional products showed its usefulness in conveying integrated information efficiently.

Conclusions
The model represents an initial step toward advancing research, adapting a contextualized NP model for future objective environmental analysis of “superfoods.” It will contribute to ensuring sustainable food security and provide new insights and perspective for decision-making by consumers, stakeholders, and policy makers.