bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of ZnO/MWCNTs hybrids nanoparticles addition on the tribological behaviour of SN150 paraffinic mineral oil
Authors: Rahim K. Asraf , Saud Safaa N. , Wee Y. C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNanoparticle incorporation plays an active feature in heat transfer, ultimately enhancing the tribological process under boundary conditions of heat stress. Nanoparticles like zinc oxide (ZnO) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are well known to significantly affect the cooling and lubrication applications, resulting in improved heat transfer and kinematic viscosity. The present work investigates the tribological performance of ZnO/MWCNTs hybrids as lubricant additive in the paraffinic type of mineral base oil of Group I (SN150) engine oil. The chemical composition of the modified and unmodified oil was examined by an inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometer (ICP‐OES), energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). A ring‐on‐disk tribotester was performed to investigate the tribological behaviour through the linear reciprocating mechanism alloy‐steel contacts. The worn steel alloy surfaces morphology and chemical compositions were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and 3D optical profilometer. Different ZnO/MWCNTs nanomaterial volumetric concentrations were examined in order to determine the most effective performance. According to the tribological results, ZnO/MWCNTs hybrid nanomaterials in the engine oil were found to have significantly higher friction temperature and antiwear capability than the base oil. A volumetric concentration of 3.00 wt% ZnO/MWCNTs nanomaterials to SN150 engine oil imparted excellent wear protection to the steel sample than the pure SN150 base oil. Based on the statistical analysis, the modified oil anti‐wear performance was enhanced by reducing the wear loss by 80.5% and friction temperature by 55.8°C compared with the oil base.
Characterisation of the galvanic protection of zinc flake coating by spectroelectrochemistry and industrial testing
Authors: Feldmann Florian , Mears Laura L. E. , Roth Marcel , Valtiner Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe properties of hot‐dip galvanised and electroplated zinc coatings on steel have been widely studied, but the corrosion mechanisms of zinc flake coatings have not yet been investigated in similar detail. Here, we investigate the protective effect of inorganic lamellar zinc coatings, comparing the metallic dissolution rates of different zinc, aluminium and alloyed flakes using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) flow cell. These experiments were carried out on both intact and predamaged coatings with different electrolytes. Data were also compared to accelerated laboratory corrosion tests and outdoor weathering results. The chloride concentration, and its effect on the passive oxide film, appears to be a key aspect moderating the dissolution rate and hence sacrificial zinc dissolution under various conditions. The complementary use of accelerated tests and ICP‐MS flow cell analysis provides new insights into both the influence of the corrosive environment and the impact of the zinc flake (alloy) used. Based on this approach, tailored coating solutions using zinc flake coatings can be developed.
Eicosapentaenoic Acid‐Enriched Phospholipids Alleviate Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Lewis Lung Carcinoma Mouse Model
Authors: Wu Zi‐Jian , Li Wen‐Hong , Yang Yu‐Hong , Zheng Yan , Zhou Meng‐Qing , Li Ying‐Chao , Li Hui , Wu Hao , Du Lei 
Published: May 2023

ScopeSkeletal muscle atrophy is a critical feature of cancer‐associated cachexia (CAC) and it is responsible for poor quality of life and high mortality in cancer patients. The previous study demonstrates that eicosapentaenoic acid‐enriched phospholipids (EPA‐PL) prevent body weight loss in a mouse model of CAC. However, the role of EPA‐PL on cancer‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy remains unclear.Methods and resultsIn the present study, a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse model is established, then the effect and underlying mechanism of EPA‐PL on skeletal muscle atrophy in LLC‐bearing mice are investigated. The results reveal that EPA‐PL treatment significantly attenuates skeletal muscle atrophy in LLC‐bearing mice, as evidenced by suppressing the reductions of skeletal muscle mass, myofiber cross‐sectional area, and grip strength. Besides, the study finds that EPA‐PL alleviated cancer‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy via balancing muscle protein degradation and synthesis, inhibiting type I oxidative muscle fibers atrophy, and promoting mitochondrial function. Furthermore, the results also indicate that EPA‐PL may counteract skeletal muscle atrophy in LLC mouse model via a sirtuin 1‐dependent mechanism.ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that EPA‐PL may be beneficial as a nutritional supplement for prevention and treatment of cancer‐induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
Whole‐brain mapping of neuronal activity evoked by maternal separation in neonatal mice: An association with ultrasound vocalization
Authors: Mai Lingling , Inada Hitoshi , Osumi Noriko 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeonatal mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) when separated from their mothers. Since the USVs attract their mothers' attention and trigger maternal retrieval, they are considered to serve as social signals for communication. We have modeled paternal aging effects on the vocal communication of offspring in mice. However, little is known about the neural basis underlying neonatal USV production. To identify responsible brain regions driving the vocal behavior, we comprehensively mapped the neuronal activity associated with USV production in the entire brain of mice at postnatal day 6 (P6). Using an expression of immediate‐early genec‐Fosas a neuronal activity marker, correlations between the numbers of USVs and c‐Fos positive neurons were analyzed. We identified 23 candidate brain regions associated with USV production in the mice at P6. Our study would be a first step toward comprehensively understanding the neuronal mechanisms that regulate and develop vocal behaviors in neonatal mice.
Binding Modes of Xanthine‐Derived Selective Allosteric Site Inhibitors of MTHFD2
Authors: Jha Vibhu , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMethylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (MTHFD2) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in 1 C metabolism that is upregulated in various cancer cells, but absent in normal proliferating cells. Xanthine derivatives are the first selective inhibitors of MTHFD2 which bind to its allosteric site. Xanthine derivatives (including the co‐crystallized inhibitors) were herein interrogated by molecular/induced‐fit docking, MM‐GBSA binding free energy calculations and molecular dynamics simulations in both MTHFD2 and MTHFD1 (a close homolog expressed in healthy cells). The gained insights from our in silico protocol allowed us to study binding mode, key protein‐ligand interactions and dynamic movement of the allosteric inhibitors, correlating with their experimental binding affinities, biological activities and selectivity for MTHFD2. The reported conformational changes with MTHFD2 upon binding of xanthine derivatives were furthermore evaluated and confirmed by RMSF analyses of the MD simulation trajectories. The results reported herein are expected to benefit in the rational design of selective MTHFD2 allosteric inhibitors.
Reactivity of bis(2‐chloroprop‐2‐enyl)sulfide in the system hydrazine hydrate/alkali: A quantum chemical insight
Authors: Teplyashin Nikita V. , Bobkov Alexander S. , Korchevin Nikolai A. , Rozentsveig Igor B. , Vitkovskaya Nadezhda M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe reactivity of bis(2‐chloroprop‐2‐enyl)sulfide in the system hydrazine hydrate/alkali has been studied using quantum‐chemical methods. The B2PLYP‐D2//B3LYP approach shows a good agreement between the relative values of activation barriers compared to high‐precision CBS//Q‐B3. The correction for the entropy change during the transition from the gas phase to the binary solvent hydrazine hydrate is calculated. The IEF PCM model was parameterized for hydrazine hydrate solvent. The studied reaction routes includes (i) a competition between migration of the C=C bond and dehydrochlorination of bis(2‐chloroprop‐2‐enyl)sulfide; (ii) 1,3‐prototropic rearrangements of bis (allenyl)sulfide resulting from a dehydrochlorination; (iii) the possible substitution of sulfur and chlorine atoms with hydrazine. The probable formation of the thiiranium and thiirenium cations formation in the above has also been evaluated.
Effects of solvents on excited‐state proton transfer behaviors and photophysical properties of 3NTF
Authors: Lin Guikun , Xie Wenbin , Xiao Yao , Peng Shiyi , Song Yao‐Dong , Wang Qian‐Ting 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, we systematically investigate the effects of solvent on the mechanism of excited‐state proton transfer and photophysical properties of 3NTF using density functional and time‐dependent density functional. The geometry of 3NTF (normal structure and isomer structure) was optimized. Based on the optimized geometry, the parameters related to hydrogen bond indicate that the hydrogen bond is strengthened in the S1 state. Further, reduced density gradient functions provide a more intuitive proof of the excited hydrogen bond strengthening mechanism. The analysis of frontier molecular orbitals shows that the charge density of the S0 and S1 states has changed significantly, which is the driving force for proton transfer in the excited state. The infrared vibrational spectra show that the hydrogen bond strength decreases with the increase of solvent polarity. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the molecules are very sensitive to the solvent polarity. Through the analysis of the potential energy curves, it is concluded that the decrease of solvent polarity will promote the occurrence of the excited state proton transfer process.
Phenylboronic acid‐functionalized glycogens as dynamic nano‐frameworks for conjugation and activation of carbonic anhydrase
Authors: Zhang Difei , Wang Ziyan , Gu Jieyu , Zhang Yan , Chen Jinghua 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBiocatalysis is playing an increasingly important role for chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries, owing to its high efficiency, selectivity and environment‐friendliness. However, it remains challenging to improve the catalytic activity of enzymes since the most frequently used strategies are costly and time‐consuming. In the current study, a new type of glycogen‐based dynamic nano‐frameworks is prepared as additives for the direct activation of carbonic anhydrase (bovine erythrocytes [bCA]). The boronic acid functionalization of the branched glycogen structures can provide NB coordination with bCA, leading to the conjugation and stabilization of the target enzyme. As a result, the glycogen with a 10% substitution degree (Gly‐PBA10) showed a higher activation effect for bCA than that of glycogen with a 20% substitution degree (Gly‐PBA20). Furthermore, the mechanism for interactions between the dynamic frameworks and bCA has been studied through combined techniques of dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry. The results suggested different protein binding modes and stabilization abilities for the protein secondary structures from these two types of functionalized dynamic frameworks. This study provided new insights into the protein‐polymer interactions that can be beneficial for various biochemical applications.
Operational readiness: Good practices for process plant start‐up to avoid process safety accidents
Authors: de Santana Celiane Pereira 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe start‐up of a process plant is subject to deviations that can become initiating causes of process safety events. Even a process plant that has been in operation for a long time and has not undergone any significant changes is subject to risks during the start‐up procedure. The objective of this work is to share good practices related to the start‐up of process plants that were implemented at Cargill's Biodiesel production plant in Três Lagoas, Brazil in order to avoid Process Safety accidents.
Insecticide resistance monitoring of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its mechanism to chlorantraniliprole
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Si‐Tong , Ling Yan , Wang Li , Ni Huan , Guo Di , Dong Bei‐Bei , Huang Qian , Long Li‐Ping , Zhang Shuai , Wu Shun‐Fan , Gao Cong‐Fen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Guenée), has become an increasingly occurring pest in Asia in recent years. Chemical control remains the most efficient and primary tool for controlling this pest. In this study, we report the resistance status of C. medinalis in China to multiple insecticides including chlorantraniliprole and the main resistance mechanism.ResultsSignificant variations among field populations of C. medinalis in their resistance to 10 insecticides were observed during 2019–2022. Most of the tested field populations have developed low‐to‐moderate levels of resistance to abamectin (RR = 2.4–22.2), emamectin benzoate (RR = 1.9–40.3) and spinetoram (RR = 4.2–24.8). Some field populations have developed low resistance to chlorpyrifos (RR = 0.9–6.8). Indoxacarb, metaflumizone, methoxenozide and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) potency against all tested populations remained similar. For diamides, significantly higher levels of resistance to chlorantraniliprole (RR = 64.9–113.7) were observed in 2022, whereas all tested field populations in 2019–2021 exhibited susceptible or moderate resistance level to chlorantraniliprole (RR = 1.3–22.1). Cross‐resistance between chlorantraniliprole and tetraniliprole was significant. Analysis of ryanodine receptor (RyR) mutations showed that mutation of I4712M was present in resistant populations of C. medinalis with different levels of chlorantraniliprole resistance and was the main mechanism conferring diamide resistance. Mutation of Y4621D also was detected in one tested population. Resistance management strategies for the control of C. medinalis are discussed.ConclusionC. medinalis has developed high level of resistance to chlorantraniliprole. RyR mutations were deemed as the mechanism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tanshinone IIA ameliorates experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiomyocytes via SIRT1
Authors: Wu Shun , Lu Dingchun , Gajendran Babu , Hu Qilan , Zhang Jian , Wang Shengquan , Han Minzhen , Xu Yini , Shen Xiangchun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDiabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication in patients with diabetes, and ultimately leads to heart failure. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induced by abnormal glycolipid metabolism is a critical factor that affects the occurrence and development of DCM. Additionally, the upregulation/activation of silent information regulation 2 homolog‐1 (SIRT1) has been shown to protect against DCM. Tanshinone II A (Tan IIA), the main active component of Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizome (a valuable Chinese medicine), has protective effects against cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, its role and mechanisms in diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction remain unclear. Therefore, we explored whether Tan IIA alleviates ERS‐mediated DCM via SIRT1 and elucidated the underlying mechanism. The results suggested that Tan IIA alleviated the pathological changes in the hearts of diabetic mice, ameliorated the cytopathological morphology of cardiomyocytes, reduced the cell death rate, and inhibited the expression of ERS‐related proteins and mRNA. The SIRT1 agonist inhibited the activities of glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Furthermore, the opposite results under the SIRT1 inhibitor. SIRT1 knockdown was induced by siRNA‐SIRT1 transfection, and the degree of GRP78 acetylation was increased. Cumulatively, Tan IIA ameliorated DCM by inhibiting ERS and upregulating SIRT1 expression.
Utilising N‐glutaryl chitosan‐based film with butterfly pea flower anthocyanin as a freshness indicator of chicken breast
Authors: Anugrah Daru Seto Bagus , Delarosa Graciela , Wangker Pricylia , Pramitasari Rianita , Subali Dionysius 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA novel indicator film was produced with N‐glutaryl chitosan (ChGA) as a matrix and butterfly pea flower anthocyanin (BPA) as a dye. The synthesis of ChGA was achieved by the reaction of chitosan (Ch) and glutaric anhydride (GA), which resulted in the structural alteration of Ch, with carboxylic groups being present in ChGA. The ChGA–BPA film demonstrated higher sensitivity to changes in pH, a more compact structure, and more hydrophilic properties compared with Ch‐BPA film. The ChGA–BPA film demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, as well as an enhanced biodegradable property. Further characterisation showed ChGA–BPA film possessed ultraviolet visible (UV–Vis) light barrier properties and was non‐toxic to cells. Lastly, when tested as packaging, the films underwent a visible colour changes from blue to yellowish‐green as chicken breast was stored at various temperatures, which correlated with an increase in nitrogen compounds, indicating the potential of this film as a smart packaging solution to monitor the freshness of chicken breast.
On a new one‐dimensional k$$ \boldsymbol{k} $$–ε$$ \boldsymbol{\varepsilon} $$ turbulence closure for building‐induced drag
Authors: Zonato Andrea , Martilli Alberto , Santiago Jose Luis , Zardi Dino , Giovannini Lorenzo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractVarious urban canopy parameterizations (UCPs) have been developed in the last two decades to take into account the modifications induced by buildings on mean flow and turbulent fields in mesoscale meteorological models, the typical spatial resolution of which cannot resolve urban structures explicitly. In particular, several multilayer UCPs have been proposed, successfully reproducing wind‐flow characteristics in the urban environment. However, they often rely on length scales for the calculation of the eddy viscosity and the dissipation rate, which need to be tuned for various urban configurations. The main objective of this work is to address this shortcoming, by developing a new one‐dimensional turbulence closure that takes building‐induced turbulence into account independently of turbulence length scales. This model directly solves not only the equation for turbulent kinetic energy but also the equation for its dissipation rate (– model). Similar closure schemes have been successfully adopted for vegetated canopies, but their applicability to urban canopies is still unknown. The performance of the new – model, with additional sources and sinks for wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy, and dissipation rate, is tested by means of single‐column simulations in idealized urban areas, using different building packing densities. Results are in good agreement with spatially averaged building‐resolving CFD simulations. In particular, vertical profiles of mean and turbulent variables show better results with respect to simulations using turbulence closures adopting a parameterization of turbulence length scales. The best improvements are obtained for wind speed, reducing errors to half the typical values for standard UCP for high packing densities, and for the dissipation rate. Furthermore, besides the enhancement in the reproduction of the mean flow for urban areas, the proposed turbulence closure does not need additional tuning of coefficients depending on the packing density, resulting in a more general and efficient scheme.
Laser ablation mass spectrometry blast through detection in R
Authors: Searle‐Barnes Alex , Milton James A. , Standish Christopher D. , Foster Gavin L. , Ezard Thomas H. G. 
Published: May 2023

RationaleOrganisms that grow a hard carbonate shell or skeleton, such as foraminifera, corals or molluscs, incorporate trace elements into their shell during growth that reflect the environmental change and biological activity they experienced during life. These geochemical signals locked within the carbonate are archives used in proxy reconstructions to study past environments and climates, to decipher taxonomy of cryptic species and to resolve evolutionary responses to climatic changes.MethodsHere, we use laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) as a time‐resolved acquisition to quantify the elemental composition of carbonate shells and skeletons. We present the LABLASTER (Laser Ablation BLASt Through Endpoint in R) package, which imports a single time‐resolved LA‐ICP‐MS analysis, then detects when the laser has ablated through the carbonate as a function of change in signal over time and outputs key summary statistics. We provide two examples within the package: a fossil planktic foraminifer and a tropical coral skeleton.ResultsWe present the first R package that automates the selection of desired data during data reduction workflows. This is achieved by automating the detection of when the laser has ablated through a sample using a smoothed time series, followed by removal of off‐target data points. The functions are flexible and adjust dynamically to maximise the duration of the desired geochemical target signal, making this package applicable to a wide range of heterogenous bioarchives. Visualisation tools for manual validation are also included.ConclusionsLABLASTER increases transparency and repeatability by algorithmically identifying when the laser has either ablated fully through a sample or across a mineral boundary and is thus no longer documenting a geochemical signal associated with the desired sample. LABLASTER's focus on better data targeting means more accurate extraction of biological and geochemical signals.
Finite time state tracking control based on prescribed performance for a class of constrained nonlinear systems
Authors: Wang Yunshuo , Su Baili , Guo Benshuai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, a finite time prescribed performance controller is designed for a class of constrained nonlinear systems with external disturbances. A homeomorphic mapping is used for error conversion to establish the equivalent error model of the system. A robust stability controller is designed when the initial state is in the initial stability region. A finite time optimization controller is designed to make the state reach the initial stability region when the initial state is outside the initial stability region. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the system can realize state tracking in a limited time and meet the prescribed performance conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is testified by two simulation examples.