bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating lipocalin‐2 as a novel biomarker for early neurological deterioration and unfavorable prognosis after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Xie Yi , Zhuo Xingfeng , Xing Kai , Huang Zhenqian , Guo Hongquan , Gong Pengyu , Zhang Xiaohao , Li Yun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionLipocalin‐2 (LCN2) is an acute‐phase protein that could mediate neuroinflammation after brain injury. We aimed to evaluate if LCN2 level was associated with early neurological deterioration (END) in acute ischemic stroke patients, thus hindering clinical recovery.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of acute ischemic stroke patients between June 2021 and February 2022. Serum LCN2 concentration was measured after admission using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Outcomes included END and 90‐day poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 3‐6). The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale increment ≥4 points within 72 h after admission was defined as END.ResultsA total of 253 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age, 65.2 ± 13.4 years; 64.0% male) were recruited. In the multivariate adjustment, increased serum LCN2 levels (per 1‐SD increase of LCN2) were associated with a higher risk of END (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.25; p = .002) and 90‐day poor outcome (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.22–2.45; p = .002). Restricted cubic splines found a linear relationship between LCN2 level and 90‐day unfavorable outcome (END, p = .001 for linearity; 90‐day poor outcome, p = .013 for linearity). Subgroup analysis further confirmed the significant association of LCN2 with clinical outcomes.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that higher circulating LCN2 level was associated with an increased risk of early clinical worsening and 90‐day unfavorable outcomes in ischemic stroke patients.
3‐hydroxybutyrate in the brain: Biosynthesis, function, and disease therapy
Authors: Wang Bing‐Long , Wu Jian‐Fei , Xiao Da , Wu Bo , Wei Dai‐Xu 
Published: March 2023

Abstract3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB), or BHB, is an anionic small molecule acid metabolite with a hydroxyl group. 3HB is the major ketone body that is distributed in the human brain and its primary energy source when glucose is absent. A better understanding of 3HB and how to adapt neuronal response mechanisms is expected to facilitate the development of new interventions to promote cognitive brain function and prevent neurodegenerative diseases. It provides important concepts for the clinical application of 3HB therapy. This review summarizes the distribution of 3HB in the brain, its properties, and its mechanism in brain and nerve regulation. We focus on 3HB biosynthesis in natural human cells and engineered bacteria via synthetic biology platforms and 3HB treatment in various brain and nerve diseases, including epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. Ultimately, this review explores the future development trend of 3HB as a potential small‐molecule drug for brain and nerve diseases.
How and why decolonial activists mobilize or challenge the victim status: The case of Belgium's Afro‐descendants
Authors: Lastrego Simona , Grippa Pauline , Licata Laurent 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe aim of the present article was to investigate how and why Afro‐descendant decolonial activists in Belgium morally typecast their group when discussing their struggle to challenge the status quo. Ten Afro‐descendant activists from different associations or movements active in Brussels were interviewed, and the interviews were examined through a thematic content analysis using the following themes and sub‐themes: moral typecasting (positive agent, positive patient, negative patient, and negative agent), the period of time (pre‐colonial, colonial, and present times in Belgium), and perceived strategy. Overall, our analysis revealed that the interviewees referred to multiple moral statuses. The association of sub‐themes allowed to investigate how and why the moral statuses were mobilized. We thus concluded that moral statuses were used in reference to both past and present times and that their mobilization was recognized as being strategic to challenge the status quo. The results were interpreted in light of decolonial actions and minorities' strategies to challenge the ingroup situation and to motivate its members.
Exceptional outcome in cutaneous myeloid sarcoma
Authors: Hayder Faten , Zaouak Anissa , Frioui Refka , Chamli Amal , Jouini Raja , Hammami Houda , Fenniche Samy 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecognition of cutaneous myeloid sarcoma is important for all dermatologists to avoid further progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Nevertheless, we highlight the presence of a favorable clinical outcome in some patients with spontaneous regression.
Variations in the bifurcation of deep femoral artery important for electrophysiologist
Authors: Nakasone Kazutaka , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Hashimura Hiromi , Takami Mitsuru , Fukuzawa Koji , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractKnowing the vascular anatomy of the common femoral artery bifurcation and ultrasound‐guided puncture, including doppler, is helpful in recognizing anatomic variations and avoiding complications.
Predicting Gas Hydrate Equilibria in Multicomponent Systems with a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Nasir Qazi , Abdul Majeed Wameath S. , Suleman Humbul 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNatural gas production and transportation can be threatened by gas hydrate plugging, especially in offshore environments with low temperatures and high pressures. This can cause pipeline blockages, increased back pressure, production stoppage, and pipeline ruptures. Machine learning (ML) models were created to predict gas hydrate formation in multicomponent systems with and without inhibitors. The models utilized input parameters such as gas‐mixture specific gravity, pressure, and inhibitor concentrations, which were fed into five supervised ML algorithms. The accuracy of the models' predictions was compared, and three models had accuracy greater than 90%, while two had accuracies between 80 and 90%.
Reaction Impurity Prediction using a Data Mining Approach**
Authors: Arun Adarsh , Guo Zhen , Sung Simon , Lapkin Alexei A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutomated prediction of reaction impurities is useful in early‐stage reaction development, synthesis planning and optimization. Existing reaction predictors are catered towards main product prediction, and are often black‐box, making it difficult to troubleshoot erroneous outcomes. This work aims to present an automated, interpretable impurity prediction workflow based on data mining large chemical reaction databases. A 14‐step workflow was implemented in Python and RDKit using Reaxys® data. Evaluation of potential chemical reactions between functional groups present in the same reaction environment in the user‐supplied query species can be accurately performed by directly mining the Reaxys® database for similar or ‘analogue’ reactions involving these functional groups. Reaction templates can then be extracted from analogue reactions and applied to the relevant species in the original query to return impurities and transformations of interest. Three proof‐of‐concept case studies (paracetamol, agomelatine and lersivirine) were conducted, with the workflow correctly suggesting impurities within the top two outcomes. At all stages, suggested impurities can be traced back to the originating template and analogue reaction in the literature, allowing for closer inspection and user validation. Ultimately, this work could be useful as a benchmark for more sophisticated algorithms or models since it is interpretable, as opposed to purely black‐box solutions.
Application of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology to pericardial fluid: Root cause analysis of indeterminate diagnoses, cytohistological correlation, and assessment of malignancy risk
Authors: Wang Minhua , Sun Tong , Jiao Jingjing , Wang He 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates the utility of the International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytopathology (ISRSFC) in the categorization of pericardial fluid and assesses the diagnostic performance and risk of malignancy (ROM) for each of the diagnostic categories.MethodsAll pericardial fluid cases at the Yale School of Medicine between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2020, were reviewed. The diagnoses were reclassified into five categories according to the ISRSFC: nondiagnostic (ND), negative for malignancy (NFM), atypia of uncertain significance (AUS), suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and malignant (MAL). ROM and performance parameters of each category were calculated.ResultsAfter reclassification, the distribution of 465 pericardial fluid cases in each category was as follows: ND, 19 (4.1%); NFM, 332 (71.4%); AUS, 21 (4.5%); SFM, 11 (2.4%); and MAL, 82 (17.6%). Confirmatory follow‐ups were available for 16 ND (66.7%), 299 NFM (90%), 15 AUS (71%), 5 SFM (45.5%), and 30 MAL cases (36.6%). The ROM was 0% for ND, 1.3% for NFM (4 of 332), 20% for AUS (3 of 15), and 100% for both SFM (5 of 5) and MAL (27 of 27). The diagnostic performance was as follows: sensitivity, 87% (27 of 31); specificity, 100% (292 of 292); positive predictive value (PPV), 100% (27 of 27); negative predictive value (NPV), 98.6% (292 of 296); and diagnostic accuracy, 98.8% (319 of 323).ConclusionsThe ISRSFC is a highly useful system for the reporting of pericardial fluid and risk assessment, given that it offers high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy. The application of this system may help to better categorize pericardial fluid and facilitate the standardization of cytopathology reporting.
Dual‐Function NaYF4 : Yb3+/Er3+ Boosts Efficiency for Multi‐Dye Sensitized Solar Cells and Carbon‐Based CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ambapuram Meenakshamma , Mounika Parnapalli Muni , Maddala Gurulakshmi , Kalvapalli Susmitha , Pola Someshwar , Mitty Raghavender 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) is witnessed by inclusion of dual function NaYF4 : Yb3+/Er3+ as photon upconverter (UC) and light scatterer (LS) for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), as well perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Emission studies by excitation with 980 nm laser light and diffuse reflectance measurements confirm that the synthesized NaYF4 : Yb3+/Er3+ exhibits dual function as upconverter and light scatterer. Three emission bands, in the spectral range of 650–710 nm, 510–570 nm, and 400–420 nm, are witnessed in emission studies. Multi‐dye (N719, N749 and SPSQ2 dyes) sensitization is introduced during photoelectrode preparation. The absorption spectra match the observed emission bands well. The combined upconversion, light scattering and multi‐dye sensitized DSSC reveals a high PCE of 11.16 %. The achieved results encouraged the fabrication of a PSC and its mini solar cell module by use of cost‐effective carbon as electrode and all‐inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite. The results reveal PCEs of 16.55 % and 11.82 %, respectively.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in lymph node cytology: Another “Floating Island” to visit
Authors: Jawaid Tabinda , Swanson Amy A. , Bois Melanie C. , Folpe Andrew L. , Rivera Michael , Hartley Christopher P. , Sturgis Charles D. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease with variable presentations. The neoplastic cells in LAM demonstrate a unique and diagnostically important “myomelanocytic” phenotype. Cytologic reports of LAM are infrequent and have not in the past emphasized the floating island pattern in which circumscribed aggregates of lesional cells are rimmed by appliques of flattened endothelium. This case illustrates the cytology of LAM and emphasizes that the floating island cytoarchitectural pattern more classically associated with entities such as hepatocellular carcinomas may be seen in cytological preparations of LAM at unanticipated body sites.
The Living Planet Index's ability to capture biodiversity change from uncertain data
Authors: Hébert Katherine , Gravel Dominique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Living Planet Index (LPI) is a crucial tool to track global biodiversity change, but necessarily sacrifices information to summarize thousands of population trends into a single communicable index. Evaluating when and how this information loss affects the LPI's performance is essential to ensure interpretations of the index reflect the truth as reliably as possible. Here, we evaluated the ability of the LPI to accurately and precisely capture trends of population change from uncertain data. We derived a mathematical analysis of uncertainty propagation in the LPI to track how measurement and process uncertainty may bias estimates of population growth rate trends, and to measure the overall uncertainty of the LPI. We demonstrated the propagation of uncertainty using simulated scenarios of declining, stable, or growing populations fluctuating independently, synchronously, or asynchronously, to assess the bias and uncertainty of the LPI in each scenario. We found that measurement and process uncertainty consistently pull the index below the expected true trend. Importantly, variability in the raw data scales up to draw the index further below the expected trend and to amplify its uncertainty, particularly when populations are small. These findings echo suggestions that a more complete assessment of the variability in population change trends, with particular attention to covarying populations, would enrich the LPI's already critical influence on conservation communication and decisions.
Greenland Ice Sheet Ice Slab Expansion and Thickening
Authors: Jullien Nicolas , Tedstone Andrew Jachnik , Machguth Horst , Karlsson Nanna B. , Helm Veit 
Published: March 2023

We use airborne accumulation radar data acquired over the Greenland Ice
Sheet between 2002 and 2018 to identify changes in ice slab extent and
thickness. We show that ice slabs several metres thick were already
present at least as early as 2002. Between 2012 and 2018, they expanded
13,400-17,600 inland, or by 37-44%. Our results document that the
extremely warm summer of 2012 produced near-surface ice layers at higher
elevations, enabling ice slabs to develop in locations with only
moderate melting in the following summers. With repeated flights over a
transect in southwest Greenland, we show that ice slabs can thicken from
above and on their undersides. Moderate melting primarily thickens ice
slabs by top-down accretion, while large melting events can also trigger
ice accretion below the slabs.
Refining the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model: Improving the timestep, the top of toe selection and the iteration routine
Authors: Ji Mingyuan , Niu Guilin , You Xueyi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRiverbank failure is an essential source of river sediment and a major cause of river meandering. The Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM) is a widely used simulation tool owing to its simplicity and clear presentation of results. However, the three core issues in the simulation by the software, time‐step determination, top‐of‐toe (TT) selection, and the iterative algorithm, still lack an in‐depth discussion to ensure the rationality and stability of the simulation results. In this study, the Jing‐150 cross‐section of the Jingjiang River was chosen as an example to illustrate these three problems. For the first problem, which is the choice of the time step, the simulation results become stable and close to the measured value as the time‐step decreases. After determining a suitable time step, the difference between adopting and modifying the default TT of the BSTEM was analysed. The results show that adopting the default TT causes chaos in the distribution of profile nodes, leading to an overly large bank failure width, whereas the modified TT node distribution is normal and the bank failure width is close to the measured value. For the third problem, the original iteration routine (OR) may cause the output bank profile to be unstable and cause a deviation between the bank width and measured value. The negative impact of unstable bank profiles diminishes as the time‐step decreases. However, the workload for reducing the time step is enormous. Therefore, an improved routine (IR) was proposed. With IR, the relative error between the simulated and measured values of the failure width was within 15% when the SD of the water stage was reduced to 0.2478. A similar result could only be obtained when the SD of the water stage was less than 0.099 for OR. This means that to obtain the same simulation accuracy for the failure width, IR can use a larger time step than OR, thereby reducing the workload of the simulation.
Statin exposure during pregnancy promotes neuromuscular junction alterations in postpartum Wistar rats
Authors: Muller Kevin Silva , Tibúrcio Felipe Cantore , de Barros Jorge Willian Franco , Matsumura Cintia Yuri , Matheus Selma Maria Michelin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroduction/AimsThe mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of statin‐associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) remain unclear. Pregnancy is associated with increased cholesterol levels. Statins may be useful during pregnancy, but their safety is uncertain. Hence, we investigated the postpartum effects of exposure to rosuvastatin and simvastatin during pregnancy in Wistar rats, targeting the neuromuscular structures.MethodsTwenty‐one pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control (C) treated with vehicle (dimethylsulfoxide + dH20), simvastatin (S) 62.5 mg/kg/day, and rosuvastatin (R) 10 mg/kg/day. Gavage was performed daily from the gestational days 8 to 20. At weaning, the postpartum mother tissues were collected and subjected to morphological and morphometric analysis of the soleus muscle, associated neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), and the sciatic nerve; protein quantification; quantification of the cholesterol and creatine kinase in the serum; and intramuscular collagen analysis.ResultsAn increase in morphometric parameters (area, maximum and minimum diameters, Feret diameter, and minimum Feret) was observed in NMJs from the S and R groups in comparison with the C group, and there was also a loss of common NMJ circularity. The number of myofibers with central nuclei was higher in S (17 ± 3.9, P = .0083) and R (18.86 ± 14.42, P = .0498) than in C (6.8 ± 2.6).DiscussionGestational exposure to statins induced postpartum NMJ morphology alterations in soleus muscle, which may be caused by the remodeling of clusters of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. This may be associated with the development and progression of SAMS observed in clinical practice.
Delimitation of massive sulphide bodies – Mise‐à‐la‐masse method associated with induced polarization (IP) – A case history from Brazil
Authors: Gallas José Domingos Faraco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a successful application of the mise‐à‐la‐masse (MALM) or applied potential method in association with induced polarization (IP). MALM is known, since 1920, to be able to delimit electrically conductive massive mineralization. The method is used at the point where a drill hole intercepts a massive, mineralized body, to estimate its extent and shape. It is thus used as a complementary mineral exploration tool. IP is normally used in conjunction with resistivity. However, the acquisition of IP data together with the MALM method is rarely found in the literature. This survey shows that it is possible to successfully detect and delimit areas of disseminated sulphides using MALM with IP. In this paper, the MALM method is presented and discussed in detail. A short description of the IP method is also provided. Data are from the Camaquã Project (Caçapava do Sul, RS, Brazil) and the Santa Maria (lead, zinc and associated silver) deposit, 5 km south of Caçapava do Sul. In a well that intercepted a massive mineralization (borehole 8011) with electrical continuity, ∆V measurements delineated the extent, shape and orientation (NS) of a conductive sulphide body. Mineralization intercepted by other two wells (8011 and 8103) did not present enough electrical continuity to exhibit potential contours that could be associated to massive sulphides; it was, however, successfully detected by IP.
Activation of the CncC pathway is involved in the regulation of P450 genes responsible for clothianidin resistance in Bradysia odoriphaga
Authors: Zhang Chunni , Zhou Taoling , Li Yao , Dai Wu , Du Shaokai 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) play a key role in the detoxification metabolism of insecticides and their overexpression is often associated with insecticide resistance. Our previous research showed that the overexpression of four P450 genes is responsible for clothianidin resistance in B. odoriphaga. In this study, we characterized another P450 gene, CYP6FV21, associated with clothianidin resistance. However, the molecular basis for the overexpression of P450 genes in clothianidin‐resistant strain remains obscure in B. odoriphaga.RESULTSIn this study, the CYP6FV21 gene was significantly overexpressed in the clothianidin‐resistant (CL‐R) strain. Clothianidin exposure significantly increased the expression level of CYP6FV21. Knockdown of CYP6FV21 significantly increased the susceptibility of B. odoriphaga larvae to clothianidin. The transcription factor Cap ‘n’ Collar isoform‐C (CncC) was highly expressed in the midgut of larvae in B. odoriphaga. The expression level of CncC was higher in the CL‐R strain compared with the susceptible (SS) strain. Clothianidin exposure caused reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and significantly increased the expression level of CncC. Knockdown of CncC caused a significant decrease in the expression of CYP3828A1 and CYP6FV21, and P450 enzyme activity, and led to a significant increase in mortality after exposure to lethal concentration at 30% (LC30) of clothianidin. After treatment with CncC agonist curcumin, the P450 activity and the expression levels of CYP3828A1 and CYP6FV21 significantly increased, and larval sensitivity to clothianidin decreased. The ROS scavenger N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment significantly inhibited the expression levels of CncC, CYP3828A1 and CYP6FV21 in response to clothianidin exposure and increased larval sensitivity to clothianidin.CONCLUSIONTaken together, these results indicate that activation of the CncC pathway by the ROS burst plays a critical role in clothianidin resistance by regulating the expression of CYP3828A1 and CYP6FV21 genes in B. odoriphaga. This study provides more insight into the mechanisms underlying B. odoriphaga larval resistance to clothianidin. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multi‐objective routing algorithms for low‐earth orbit satellite network
Authors: Xie Xuan , Huang Linyu , Tang Chengwen , Ning Qian 
Published: March 2023

SummaryThe low‐earth orbit (LEO) satellite network, composed of a large number of satellite nodes, is a hot research topic at present. Due to the characteristics of the large‐scale LEO satellite network, such as many satellite nodes, short orbit period, large dynamic change of topology, and unstable link‐state, its communication quality of service (QoS) requirements are difficult to meet. Aiming at this problem, various factors that may affect data transmission are first analyzed. The network link selection problem is modeled as a multi‐constraint optimization decision problem, a routing mathematical model based on linear programming (LP) is designed, and its solution is solved. Aiming at the problem of limited onboard computing resources, a multi‐object optimization Dijkstra algorithm (MOODA) is designed. The MOODA finds the optimal path according to the comprehensive performance of the link. It solves the problems of poor comprehensive QoS performance and the low degree of load balancing of the paths found by the Dijkstra algorithm. The simulation results show that the paths found by the two algorithms have good QoS, robustness, and load balancing performance.