bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of moisture content on engineering characteristics of apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) kernel
Authors: Pawar Krantidip R. , Nema Prabhat K. , Babar Onkar A. , Yadav Dhiraj Kumar 
Published: April 2023

AbstractApricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernels, the innermost part of the economical stone fruit, are utilized for edible purposes, extraction of oil, and many pharmaceutical products. Biological materials are complex in structure and get affected by their moisture content. This study investigates the effect of different moisture content from 5.66% to 26.47% wet basis apricot kernels on its various engineering characteristics and develops their correlations. The engineering characteristics such as linear dimension length (13.26–14.47 mm), breadth (8.69–9.97 mm), thickness (5.36–6.50 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (9.11–10.32 mm), geometric mean diameter (8.48–9.77 mm), surface area (227.91–302.68 mm2), projected area (91.99–114.95 mm2), 1000 kernel mass (0.317–0.403 kg), true density (881.23–973.55 kg m−3), and porosity (33.74%–43.68%) increased linearly with moisture content. On the other hand, bulk density (548.23–583.89 kg m−3) and elongation ratio (2.25–2.51) showed a decreasing trend with an increase in moisture content. The frictional properties such as angle of repose (22.81–28.92°) and coefficient of static friction value for glass, stainless steel, galvanized iron, and wood were found to increase with increased moisture content and ranged from 0.179–0.283, 0.272–0.347, 0.416–0.512, and 0.488–0.595, respectively. The highest static coefficient of friction was observed for wood surfaces. A significant difference in color values L*, a*, b*, hue angle (H), chroma (C), and ∆E values were observed at different moisture content. Terminal velocities and hardness of AK increased linearly with moisture content and the values were found between 4.26 and 5.91 m s−1 and 21.59 to 35.25 N mm−1, respectively.Practical applicationsApricot kernels have nutritional and pharmaceutical value due to the abundance of bioactive components in them but are still underutilized due to a lack of handling knowledge and processing mechanization. Apricot kernels are delicate and sensitive for mechanical damage during every stage of their processing. This study investigates engineering characteristics in view to understand their relationship with moisture content, as many instruments and equipment are yet to be designed. Knowledge of its engineering characteristics at different moisture content would help handlers for quality evaluation, and manufacturers in optimally designing processing machinery and quality analytical instruments.
Prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders in endodontic patients with tooth pain
Authors: Daline Iryna H. , Slade Gary D. , Fouad Ashraf F. , Nixdorf Donald R. , Tchivileva Inna E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPain from temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) may mimic endodontic pain, but its prevalence in endodontic patients is unknown.ObjectivesThis cross‐sectional study investigated the prevalence of painful TMDs in patients presenting for endodontic treatment of a painful tooth. Contribution of TMD pain to the chief complaint and characteristics associated with TMD prevalence were also assessed.MethodsPatients reporting tooth pain in the 30 days before attending university clinics for nonsurgical root canal treatment or retreatment were enrolled. Before endodontic treatment, they completed questionnaires and a board‐certified orofacial pain specialist/endodontic resident diagnosed TMD using published Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. Log‐binomial regression models estimated prevalence ratios to quantify associations with patient characteristics.ResultsAmong 100 patients enrolled, prevalence of painful TMDs was 54%. In 26% of patients, TMD pain was unrelated to endodontic pain; in 20%, TMD contributed to their chief pain complaint; and in 8%, TMD was a sole aetiology for pain. TMD prevalence was associated with greater intensity, frequency and duration of the chief pain complaint; pain in more than one tooth; tenderness to tooth percussion and palpation; a diagnosis of symptomatic apical periodontitis; pain medication use; and psychological distress.ConclusionA majority of patients with tooth pain seeking endodontic treatment had painful TMDs; one quarter had TMD as a component or sole cause of their pain. TMD prevalence was associated with more severe symptoms and signs of tooth pain and with psychological factors. The high frequency of TMD comorbidity warrants consideration in management of endodontic patients with history of toothache.
The first‐night effect and the consistency of short sleep in insomnia disorder
Authors: Cox Roy , Rösler Lara , Weber Frederik D. , Blanken Tessa F. , Wassing Rick , Ramautar Jennifer R. , Van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: April 2023

SummaryThe nature and degree of objective sleep impairments in insomnia disorder remain unclear. This issue is complicated further by potential changes in sleep architecture on the first compared with subsequent nights in the laboratory. Evidence regarding differential first‐night effects in people with insomnia disorder and controls is mixed. Here, we aimed to further characterize insomnia‐ and night‐related differences in sleep architecture. A comprehensive set of 26 sleep variables was derived from two consecutive nights of polysomnography in 61 age‐matched patients with insomnia and 61 good sleeper controls. People with insomnia expressed consistently poorer sleep than controls on several variables during both nights. While poorer sleep during the first night was observed in both groups, there were qualitative differences regarding the specific sleep variables expressing a first‐night effect. Short sleep (total sleep time < 6 hr) was more likely during the first night and in insomnia, although approximately 40% of patients with insomnia presenting with short sleep on night 1 no longer met this criterion on night 2, which is important given the notion of short‐sleeping insomnia as a robust subtype.
Analytical solvability and exact simulation in models with affine stochastic volatility and Lévy jumps
Authors: Zeng Pingping , Xu Ziqing , Jiang Pingping , Kwok Yue Kuen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe investigate analytical solvability of models with affine stochastic volatility (SV) and Lévy jumps by deriving a unified formula for the conditional moment generating function of the log‐asset price and providing the condition under which this new formula is explicit. The results lay a foundation for a range of valuation, calibration, and econometric problems. We then combine our theoretical results, the Hilbert transform method, various interpolation techniques, with the dimension reduction technique to propose unified simulation schemes for solvable models with affine SV and Lévy jumps. In contrast to traditional exact simulation methods, our approach is applicable to a broad class of models, maintains good accuracy, and enables efficient pricing of discretely monitored path‐dependent derivatives. We analyze various sources of errors arising from the simulation approach and present error bounds. Finally, extensive numerical results demonstrate that our method is highly accurate, efficient, simple to implement, and widely applicable.
Prevalence of morbidity symptoms among pregnant and postpartum women receiving different nutrient supplements in Ghana and Malawi: A secondary outcome analysis of two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Adu‐Afarwuah Seth , Arnold Charles D. , Lartey Anna , Okronipa Harriet , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per , Ashorn Ulla , Dewey Kathryn G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLittle is known about the impact of small‐quantity lipid‐based nutrient supplements (SQ‐LNSs) on maternal morbidity. This secondary outcome analysis aimed to compare morbidity symptoms among women in two trials evaluating the efficacy of SQ‐LNSs. From enrolment (≤20‐week gestation) to 6 months postpartum, Ghanaian (n = 1320) and Malawian (n = 1391) women were assigned to consume daily: 60 mg iron and 400 µg folic acid until childbirth and placebo thereafter (iron and folic acid [IFA] group); or multiple micronutrients (MMN); or 20 g/day SQ‐LNSs. Within country, we used repeated measures logistic regression and analysis of variance models to compare group differences in the period prevalence and percentage of days of monitoring when women had fever, gastrointestinal, reproductive, and respiratory symptoms during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (n ~ 1243 in Ghana, 1200 in Malawi) and 0–3 and 3–6 months postpartum (n ~ 1212 in Ghana, 730 in Malawi). Most outcomes did not differ significantly among groups, with the following exceptions: in Ghana, overall, the prevalence of vomiting was lower in the LNS (21.5%) than MMN (25.6%) group, with the IFA group (23.2%) in‐between (p = 0.046); mean ± SD percentage of days with nausea was greater in the LNS (3.5 ± 10.3) and MMN (3.3 ± 10.4) groups than the IFA (2.7 ± 8.3) group (p = 0.002). In Malawi, during 3–6 month postpartum, the prevalence of severe diarrhoea was greater in the LNS (8.1%) than the MMN (2.9%) group, with IFA (4.6%) in‐between, p = 0.041). We conclude that the type of nutrient supplement received during pregnancy and lactation generally does not influence morbidity symptoms in these settings. Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT00970866; NCT01239693.
Patient‐controlled use of nonphysician providers: Appointment scheduling in mixed‐provider settings
Authors: Taiwo Enayon Sunday , Savin Sergei , Chen (Frank) Yuohua , Chin Kwai‐Sang 
Published: April 2023

The aging population and increasing chronic disease load are rapidly changing the face of primary care delivery, with mid‐level (e.g., nurse) practitioners providing growing proportion of patient care. Potential differences in the quality of care offered by physicians and nurse practitioners may affect patient preferences, thus leading to patient choice behavior. This paper focuses on the problem of appointment scheduling for physician–nurse teams in the presence of patient choice and no‐shows. We propose a novel model that accounts for patient choices in a system with two provider types. Despite the increased structural complexity of the model, we derive sufficient conditions under which the problem is efficiently solvable. To counter the computational challenges arising in the general setting, we propose an easy‐to‐implement heuristic, which is proven to be optimal in the absence of patient no‐shows. Our numerical study shows how the ratio of qualities of care delivered by nurses and physicians affect the profitability of the medical practice, enabling the analysis of the trade‐offs involved in hiring a nurse practitioner. This paper introduces a patient‐controlled approach to incorporating nonphysician providers into physician‐led outpatient care delivery systems and compares it to widely used “ice breaker” and “standalone” modes of using nonphysician providers. Our findings reveal that clinical practices that employ mixed (physicians and nonphysicians) provider pools can significantly improve their financial and operational performance by moving away from the “ice breaker” and “standalone” use of nonphysician providers by delaying the selection of an appropriate care provider till the actual day of care delivery.
The impact of the COVID‐19 surge on phototherapy in Taiwan: Focusing on the patient profile, adherence, and attitude before and after the surge
Authors: Chu Kuan‐Yu , Lan Cheng‐Che E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has caused changes in the medical practice. However, it is unclear whether the patients receiving phototherapy for their dermatoses have been affected.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on phototherapy, focusing on the patient profile, adherence, and attitude before and after the surge.MethodsThe study encompassed the time 5 months prior to and after the surge of the COVID‐19 pandemic (from May to July, 2021), resulting in the temporary closure of our phototherapeutic unit.ResultsNine hundred eighty‐one patients received phototherapy during this period. Vitiligo, psoriasis (Ps), and atopic dermatitis (AD) represented the groups with the highest patient numbers. For vitiligo, Ps and AD, 39.6%, 41.9%, and 28.4% of the patients resumed phototherapy after the pandemic‐related shutdown (PRS). No significant difference was noted in age, gender, and number of weekly sessions between those who resumed or stopped phototherapy after PRS among three groups. Patients who resumed phototherapy after PRS tended to receive more weekly sessions of phototherapy than those who initiated after PRS. Additionally, patients who resumed phototherapy showed no significant difference in the number of weekly sessions before and after PRS.ConclusionsThis study reveals a significant impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on patients undergoing phototherapy. Although the patient number remained similar before and after PRS, a significant portion of patients discontinued phototherapy after PRS. New strategies and continued education are needed to improve patient management in times of pandemic.
Superficial basal cell carcinoma mimicking Bowen's disease: Diagnosis with noninvasive imaging
Authors: Chen Ke‐Jun , Wang Zi‐Yi , Han Yang , Cui Yong 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial basal cell carcinoma (SBCC) is the rare subtype of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). BCC occurs in exposed areas such as the head and face, SCBB prone to form in trunk. Due to the manifestation of erythema and desquamation, it is prone to misdiagnosed as Bowen's disease in clinica.Materials and methodsA 68‐year‐old female presented with coin‐sized erythema located on the lower abdomen for 5 years. Histopathological examination was performed, and results informed the diagnosis of SBCC. Lesions were detected by dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and multiphoton microscopy (MPM).ResultsDermoscopy revealed yellow–red background with more dendritic and linear proliferating vessels and more blue‐gray nonaggregated dots structures. RCM displayed streaming of stratum spinosum, tortuous dilated vessels, highlighted inflammatory cells, and medium refraction round and oval tumor cell masses. MPM showed epidermal cells in polar arrangement, increased cell spacing, disorganized stratum granulosum and elastic fibers are gathered in clusters.ConclusionWe described a case of SBCC detected by dermoscopy, RCM and MPM. Noninvasive imaging features may provide a potentially tools in recognition and differentiation of SBCC.
Gap phenomena for constant mean curvature surfaces
Authors: Barbosa Ezequiel , Cavalcante Marcos P. , Pereira Edno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we prove gap results for constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces. First, we find a natural inequality for CMC surfaces that imply convexity for distance function. We then show that if is a complete, properly embedded CMC surface in the Euclidean space satisfying this inequality, then is either a sphere or a right circular cylinder. Next, we show that if is a free boundary CMC surface in the Euclidean 3‐ball satisfying the same inequality, then either is a totally umbilical disk or an annulus of revolution. These results complete the picture about gap theorems for CMC surfaces in the Euclidean 3‐space. We also prove similar results in the hyperbolic space and in the upper hemisphere, and in higher dimensions.
Active glucose transport varies by small intestinal region and oestrous cycle stage in mice
Authors: Overduin T. Sebastian , Wardill Hannah R. , Young Richard L. , Page Amanda J. , Gatford Kathryn L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractFood intake changes across the ovarian cycle in rodents and humans, with a nadir during the pre‐ovulatory phase and a peak during the luteal phase. However, it is unknown whether the rate of intestinal glucose absorption also changes. We therefore mounted small intestinal sections from C57BL/6 female mice (8–9 weeks old) in Ussing chambers and measured active ex vivo glucose transport via the change in short‐circuit current (∆Isc) induced by glucose. Tissue viability was confirmed by a positive ∆Isc response to 100 µM carbachol following each experiment. Active glucose transport, assessed after addition of 5, 10, 25 or 45 mM d‐glucose to the mucosal chamber, was highest at 45 mM glucose in the distal jejunum compared to duodenum and ileum (P < 0.01). Incubation with the sodium–glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) inhibitor phlorizin reduced active glucose transport in a dose‐dependent manner in all regions (P < 0.01). Active glucose uptake induced by addition of 45 mM glucose to the mucosal chamber in the absence or presence of phlorizin was assessed in jejunum at each oestrous cycle stage (n = 9–10 mice per stage). Overall, active glucose uptake was lower at oestrus compared to pro‐oestrus (P = 0.025). This study establishes an ex vivo method to measure region‐specific glucose transport in the mouse small intestine. Our results provide the first direct evidence that SGLT1‐mediated glucose transport in the jejunum changes across the ovarian cycle. The mechanisms underlying these adaptations in nutrient absorption remain to be elucidated.
FSTSMC Compliance Control for Dual-Arm Space Robot With SDBD Capture Satellite Operation
Authors: Zhu An , Ai Haiping , Chen Li 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A space robot inevitably impacts a satellite in a capture operation. If its fragile joints are not protected, they may be damaged, resulting in failure of the capture operation. Thus, a spring damper buffer device (SDBD) is added between the joint motors and manipulators to absorb the impact energy, and provide a compliance strategy matched with the SDBD for stable control of the hybrid system. The dynamic modes of the dual-arm space robot open-loop system and target satellite system are established by the Lagrange function before capture. From the momentum theorem, velocity constraints, closed-chain geometric constraints, and Newton's third law, the closed-chain dynamic model of the hybrid system after capture is obtained, and the impact effect and impact force are calculated. For stable control of the hybrid system while limiting joint? impact torque within the safe range, an adaptive fractional-order super-twisting sliding mode compliance control strategy matching the SDBD is proposed. It can effectively improve the fast convergence and trajectory tracking performance of the system whose velocity and acceleration cannot be measured. The stability of the hybrid system is demonstrated by the Lyapunov theorem, and the anti-impact performance of the SDBD and the effectiveness of the compliance strategy are demonstrated through numerical simulation.
Impact of Temperature Ratio on Overall Cooling Performance: Low-Order-Model-Based Analysis of Experiment Design
Authors: Naidu Aravin Dass , Povey Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper describes low-order-model-based analysis of the design of an experiment to be used for parametric studies of adiabatic film and overall cooling effectiveness for fully cooled systems (internal and film) under wide ranges of mainstream-to-coolant temperature ratio variation, in the range 0.50 &lt; T0m/T0c &lt; 2.30. The purpose is to improve understanding of—and validation of—the scaling process from typical rig conditions to engine conditions. We are primarily interested in the variation in overall effectiveness when the controlling non-dimensional groups change in a natural co-dependent way with changes in temperature ratio: that is, the practical situation of interest to engine designers. We distinguish this from the situation in which individual non-dimensional groups are varied in isolation: a situation that we believe is essentially impossible to meaningfully approximate in practice, despite a body of literature purporting to do the same. Design and commissioning data from a new high temperature (600 K) test facility is presented, with detailed uncertainty analysis. We show (using a low-order model) that a typical nozzle guide vane which at engine conditions (TR = 2.00) would have overall cooling effectiveness of 0.450, would be expected to have overall effectiveness of 0.418 at typical rig conditions (TR = 1.20). That is, typical scaling from engine-to-rig result is −7.1% and typical scaling from rig-to-engine is +7.7%. This result is important for first order estimation of overall cooling performance at engine conditions.
Effects of 4 Weeks of Variability Training on Forehand Approach Precision and Velocity in Recreational Tennis Players
Authors: Negro Celia , Baiget Ernest , Colomar Joshua , Fuentes-García Juan Pedro 
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the effects of a training program based on practice variability on the speed and accuracy of the tennis forehand approach to the net shot. The study sample consisted of 35 players of both genders, 22 men and 13 women (age 44 ± 10.9 years, height 1.73 ± 0.8 cm, and weight 74.7 ± 8.4 kg). Players were randomly distributed into two groups (control group = 18 and experimental group = 17). Both training groups worked a total volume of 4 weeks, seven sessions, and 15 min per session of forehand approach shot. Control group performed traditional training while experimental group trained with variability using wristband weights. The data obtained showed a large Group × Time interaction in the accuracy of the forehand approach shot, F(1, 16) = 28.034, p < .001, η2 = .637. Only the experimental group increased significantly in the accuracy after the program (51.4%, effect size = 1.3, p < .001), while no changes were achieved regarding hitting speed (1.2%, effect size  = 0.12, p = .62). The control group did not improve in any of the tested variables. These results indicate that variability of training using wrist weights is a valid option to improve forehand approach shot accuracy in recreational-level players. Although stroke speed was not increased, this type of training may be interesting as accuracy and technical control is commonly the main goal of training at this level.