bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Searching for dark matter subhalos in the Fermi-LAT catalog with Bayesian neural networks
Authors: Butter Anja , Krämer Michael , Manconi Silvia , Nippel Kathrin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
About a third of the γ-ray sources detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) remain unidentified, and some of these could be exotic objects such as dark matter subhalos. We present a search for these sources using Bayesian neural network classification methods applied to the latest 4FGL-DR3 Fermi-LAT catalog. We first simulate the γ-ray properties of dark matter subhalos using models from N-body simulations and semi-analytical approaches to the subhalo distribution. We then assess the detectability of this sample in the 4FGL-DR3 catalog using the Fermi-LAT analysis tools. We train our Bayesian neural network to identify candidate dark matter subhalos among the unidentified sources in the 4FGL-DR3 catalog. Our results allow us to derive conservative bounds on the dark matter annihilation cross section by excluding unidentified sources classified as astrophysical-like by our networks. We estimate the number of candidate dark matter subhalos for different dark matter masses and provide a publicly available list for further investigation. Our bounds on the dark matter annihilation cross section are comparable to previous results and become particularly competitive at high dark matter masses.
Deflection and gravitational lensing with finite distance effect in the strong deflection limit in stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes
Authors: Duan Yujie , Lin Siyan , Jia Junji 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We study the deflection and gravitational lensing (GL) of both timelike and null signals in the equatorial plane of arbitrary stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes in the strong deflection limit. Our approach employs a perturbative method to show that both the deflection angle and the total travel time take quasi-series forms ∑
n=0 [Cn
ln (1-bc/b) + Dn
] (1-bc/b)
n
, with the coefficients Cn
and Dn
incorporating the signal velocity and finite distance effect of the source and detector. This new deflection angle allows us to establish an accurate GL equation from which the apparent angles of the relativistic images and their time delays are found. These results are applied to the Kerr and the rotating Kalb-Ramond (KR) spacetimes to investigate the effect of the spacetime spin in both spacetimes, and the effective charge parameter and a transition parameter in the rotating KR spacetime on various observables. Moreover, using our approach, the effect of the signal velocity and the source angular position on these variables is also studied.
Friction Coefficient Characteristics of Typical Subway Brake Shoes and Brake Pads in Service
Authors: Guo Ziheng , Zuo Jianyong , Ding Jingxian , Wang Xueping 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Brake pads and brake shoes are the main components of the friction pair of the subway air brake. At present, the average coefficient of friction is usually used as a criterion for evaluating the braking effect of pads and shoes. In this paper, by analyzing the braking process of the subway, it is inferred that the average friction coefficient has a poor evaluation effect under the low-speed common braking conditions, and a new alternative evaluation index, the equivalent average friction coefficient at low speed, is proposed. The conjecture is verified by the test bench test, and the feasibility of the low-speed equivalent average friction coefficient as an evaluation index under low-speed conditions is proved.
Decentralized Observer-Based Regulations of Multi-Machine Power Systems with Time-Varying Interconnections
Authors: Mao Zheng-Ji , Tseng Yen-Ming , Hu Dan-Hong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A decentralized observer-based approach for the regulations of multi-machine power systems with time-varying interconnections is proposed. By using the optimal control method to the observer and nominal equation of each power machine, the optimal solutions are modified to adapt these nonlinear interactions among the power machines. The proposed approach is a truly decentralized output feedback scheme and can guarantee the global system a prescribed chosen degree of stability. Computer simulations of a 3-machine power system are conducted. From these results, we find the observer states follow the real states rapidly and all the states converge to zero exponentially.
Advances in the Analysis of Storage Failure of Solid Rocket Motor
Authors: Qiao Dong , Kong Xiangtong , Meng Shenghao , Feng Shuaixing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solid rocket motor(SRM) in the whole life cycle, to withstand temperature, gravity, vibration, ignition shock, axial overload and other loads, directly affect the life of the engine. Based on the failure mode, failure mechanism and failure criteria of SRM, this paper elaborates and explains the relevant test and numerical simulation methods that affect the storage life of SRM and the method of life analysis, and finds that under the action of individual or compound load, the SRM column will produce a slight lysing damage. These defects will cause great interference to the storage life of SRM, and in the storage process, the SRM will have a creep effect through long-term gravity, which will not only cause the damage to expand the inside of the drug column, but also lead to changes in the shape of the drug, seriously affecting the combustion performance and mechanical performance of the engine. The safety and reliability of solid rocket motors are greatly reduced. The conclusion of this paper is of great significance to the study of storage failure analysis of SRM.
Ptychographical iterative engine based on pixel binning for improving the computational efficiency
Authors: Pei Zihao , Hu Youyou , Yang Zhongming , Dou Jiantai 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPtychographical iterative engine (PIE) is an attractive modality of phase retrieval that can provide the quantitative phase of the sample and extend the field of view. For a large sample, a great deal of images with a large dataset are recorded, which will result in high requirements for the computing power and increase the calculation burden. Here, we propose a pixel binning strategy to improve the computational efficiency and reduce the calculation time of PIE. In this method, the recorded image chosen as the amplitude constraint in reconstruction algorithm is compressed by merging the amplitude values of the adjacent positions into one value by the linear superposition, and the compressed pattern is set as a new amplitude constraint to reconstruct the compressed object and probe with fewer pixel number and larger grid size compared to the uncompressed results. Then, the compressed values are extended by the interpolation method. The improvement in the computational efficiency at the point lies in the fact that it takes less time to do the free-space diffraction propagation calculation for images with fewer pixel number. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method behaves good performance with high computational efficiency. The proposed approach would be helpful for large-scale imaging with high computational efficiency.
Enhancing plasticity of ‘self-sharpening’ tungsten high-entropy alloy via tailoring μ-precipitation
Authors: Li Tong , Chen Jinxi , Chen Feng , Chen Yan , Dai Lanhong 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In our recently published work (Acta Materialia 186 (2020) 257–266), we have designed a new equimolar tungsten high-entropy alloy with excellent penetration ability to satisfy the highly desirable of ‘self-sharping’ in wide range of engineering application. This alloy has outstanding dynamic compressive properties and superior penetration performance than that of 93 W alloys. In this work, the tension properties of the tungsten high-entropy alloy were significantly improved by μ phase precipitation design strategy to tailor the morphology and distribution of μ phase. Through controlling the phase transformation process, the μ phase changes from liquid-solid phase transformation to solid-solid precipitation phase transformation. This can effectively impede the brittleness caused by the μ phase segregation at the grain boundary and phase boundary. Moreover, the Orowan effect caused by nano-sized μ-phase particles improves the tensile strength effectively (enhancing ∼150%) and ensure the ductility. This material design strategy significantly improves the tension ductility of the alloy and provides a new paradigm to solve the similar problem of material brittleness.
Predictive quality assurance for linear accelerator target failure using statistical process control
Authors: Li Jingdong , Wang Dongxu , Chan Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The performance of a linear accelerator (Linac) depends on the integrity of its x-ray target. The sudden failure of its target not only breaks down the Linac but also could contribute significant disruptions to patient care. This work is to develop a predicative quality assurance (QA) method using Statistical Process Control (SPC) and AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modeling to identify the risk of target failure before it occurs. In the past years, we observed two incidents of target failure among our Linacs. Retrospectively, we collected past daily QA data (from both open fields and enhanced dynamic wedge (EDW) measurements) and analyzed its historical trend using methods of SPC and ARIMA. SPC is a technique that monitors process performance based on statistical analysis. ARIMA is a time-series forecasting algorithm that can be used to estimate future values based on its past pattern. Both have been evaluated for predictive QA in radiotherapy. Application of SPC on open beam QA data would not yield an early warning signal to the pending target failures. However, when the same SPC methodology applies to EDW measurements, the control limits were breached a couple of weeks before the target failed. EDW mechanism introduces nonuniform magnification factors over its wedge-directed beam profiles and is responsible for the sensitivity of its profile to changing beam properties induced by a degrading target. Further extension of the warning period may be possible by using ARIMA modeling. Predicative QA for EDW daily data using SPC and ARIMA methods may provide an early QA warning to incoming Linac target failure.
Induced luminescence in water and PMMA - spectral analysis for irradiations with proton beams within the clinical energy range
Authors: Burg Jan Michael , Flatten Veronika , Wulff Joerg , Timmermann Beate , Vorwerk Hilke , Zink Klemens 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
It was recently discovered that water and PMMA emit a weak luminescence signal when irradiated with protons within the clinically used energy range. This could offer a fast approach for range measurements in water. However, a complete explanation or investigation on the origin of the signal has not been published. In this work, a setup for the high-resolution spectral measurement of the weak luminescence signal in water and PMMA was designed. The measurement environment in the vicinity of a proton accelerator represented a major challenge for the sensitive optical measurements due to the presence of ionizing scattered radiation. A high-sensitive spectrometer in combination with a custom-made fiber was used to build a foundation for further analysis of the luminescence signal by providing accurate spectral information. For water, a broad distribution in the range from 240 to 900 nm with a maximum at 480 nm was obtained. A comparison of the spectra with previously published work indicates that the signal originates from excited states produced during the radiolysis of water. In comparison, differences between the water and the PMMA spectrum were observed. When examining the signal in PMMA, spectral differences were found compared to the measurements in water. The signal in PMMA was approximately 10 times stronger, had a narrower distribution and was shifted to lower wavelengths. Nevertheless, for the investigated proton energies, no spectral energy dependence was detected. In addition to the results for water and PMMA, a further luminescence signal was measured when the silica fiber used was directly irradiated with primary protons. All spectra, obtained in this work, describe the signal of proton-induced luminescence in water and PMMA with a high resolution of 3.4 nm and thus form a basis for further research, which could be a powerful tool in proton range verification.
Magic state distillation and cost analysis in fault-tolerant universal quantum computation
Authors: Liu Yiting , Ma Zhi , Luo Lan , Du Chao , Fei Yangyang , Wang Hong , Duan Qianheng , Yang Jing 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Magic states have been widely studied in recent years as resource states that help quantum computers achieve fault-tolerant universal quantum computing. The fault-tolerant quantum computing requires fault-tolerant implementation of a set of universal logical gates. Stabilizer code, as a commonly used error correcting code with good properties, can apply the Clifford gates transversally which is fault tolerant. But only Clifford gates cannot realize universal computation. Magic states are introduced to construct non-Clifford gates that combine with Clifford operations to achieve universal quantum computing. Since the preparation of quantum states is inevitably accompanied by noise, preparing the magic state with high fidelity and low overhead is the crucial problem to realizing universal quantum computation. In this paper, we survey the related literature in the past 20 years and introduce the common types of magic states, the protocols to obtain high-fidelity magic states, and overhead analysis for these protocols. Finally, we discuss the future directions of this field.
Quantum optimisation for continuous multivariable functions by a structured search
Authors: Matwiejew Edric , Pye Jason , Wang Jingbo B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Solving optimisation problems is a promising near-term application of quantum computers. Quantum variational algorithms (QVAs) leverage quantum superposition and entanglement to optimise over exponentially large solution spaces using an alternating sequence of classically tunable unitaries. However, prior work has primarily addressed discrete optimisation problems. In addition, these algorithms have been designed generally under the assumption of an unstructured solution space, which constrains their speedup to the theoretical limits for the unstructured Grover’s quantum search algorithm. In this paper, we show that QVAs can efficiently optimise continuous multivariable functions by exploiting general structural properties of a discretised continuous solution space with a convergence that exceeds the limits of an unstructured quantum search. We present the quantum multivariable optimisation algorithm and demonstrate its advantage over pre-existing methods, particularly when optimising high-dimensional and oscillatory functions.
Adaptive active Brownian particles searching for targets of unknown positions
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Franosch Thomas , Caraglio Michele 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Developing behavioral policies designed to efficiently solve target-search problems is a crucial issue both in nature and in the nanotechnology of the 21st century. Here, we characterize the target-search strategies of simple microswimmers in a homogeneous environment containing sparse targets of unknown positions. The microswimmers are capable of controlling their dynamics by switching between Brownian motion and an active Brownian particle and by selecting the time duration of each of the two phases. The specific conduct of a single microswimmer depends on an internal decision-making process determined by a simple neural network associated with the agent itself. Starting from a population of individuals with random behavior, we exploit the genetic algorithm NeuroEvolution of augmenting topologies to show how an evolutionary pressure based on the target-search performances of single individuals helps to find the optimal duration of the two different phases. Our findings reveal that the optimal policy strongly depends on the magnitude of the particle’s self-propulsion during the active phase and that a broad spectrum of network topology solutions exists, differing in the number of connections and hidden nodes.
An approach to quantify ortho-phthalaldehyde contamination on work surfaces
Authors: Rogers Caitlyn A , Gaskin Sharyn E , Thredgold Leigh D , Pukala Tara L 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is used as a high-level disinfectant for reusable medical devices in healthcare settings. The ACGIH recently adopted a Threshold Limit Value–Surface Limit (TLV–SL; 25 µg/100 cm2) for OPA surface contamination to prevent induction of dermal and respiratory sensitization following dermal exposure. However, there is no current validated method to measure OPA surface contamination. This study aimed to develop a standardized approach for sample collection and quantitative determination of OPA from work surfaces for use in risk assessment practices. The reported method utilises readily available commercial wipes to collect surface samples coupled with direct detection of OPA via liquid chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry (LC–ToF–MS). This approach avoided complex derivatization steps commonly required for the analysis of aldehydes. Method evaluation was conducted in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) surface sampling guidelines. Overall recoveries of 25 µg/100 cm2 of OPA from stainless steel and glass surfaces were 70% and 72%, respectively. The reported LOD for this method was 1.1 µg/sample and the LOQ was 3.7 µg/sample. OPA remained stable on the sampling medium for up to 10 days, when stored at 4 °C. The method was demonstrated in a workplace surface assessment at a local hospital sterilising unit, successfully detecting OPA on work surfaces. This method is intended to supplement airborne exposure assessment and provide a quantitative assessment tool for potential dermal exposure. When used in conjunction with a thorough occupational hygiene program that includes hazard communication, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment, skin exposure and consequent sensitization risks in the workplace can be minimized.
Systolic Blood Pressure Less Than 120 mmHg is a Safe and Effective Method to Minimize Bleeding After Facelift Surgery: A Review of 502 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Bassiri-Tehrani Brian , Abi-Rafeh Jad , Baker Nusaiba F , Kerendi Alex N , Nahai Foad 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Hematoma is the most common complication after facelift surgery. Hypertension is the major risk factor for hematoma following facelift. Measures taken to reduce systolic blood pressure perioperatively significantly reduce the risk of hematoma. There is evidence that treating systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or above reduces hematoma; there were no studies to date in which systolic blood pressures below 120 mmHg had been evaluated.

Objectives
To assess the safety and efficacy of maintaining systolic blood pressures of 120 mmHg or less postoperatively to reduce hematoma after facelift.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of a single surgeon’s series of facelift procedures from January 2004 to July 2018 was undertaken. Implementation of a more stringent perioperative blood pressure protocol (maintaining a systolic blood pressure of less than 120 mmHg postoperatively) was initiated in January of 2013, dividing patients into 2 groups.

Results
A total of 502 consecutive patients who underwent a facelift by F.N. were included in the study. A total of 319 patients underwent a facelift before 2013, and a total of 183 patients underwent a facelift in 2013 or later. Overall, a total of 13 hematomas occurred during the entire 15-year study period (2.59%), of which 12 occurred before the implementation of a strict blood pressure regimen (3.76%), and only 1 occurred after the new protocol (0.5%). There were no adverse events related to the lower blood pressure.

Conclusions
Treating systolic blood pressure greater than 120 mmHg postoperatively is a safe and effective method for reducing the risk of hematoma after facelift.
Border Control and the Degradation of Labour
Authors: Bosworth Mary 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article uses testimonies from private sector staff about their experiences of working in sites of short-term immigration detention and in facilitating deportation, to explore the material conditions of this form of custodial labour. Until now, most criminological accounts of criminal justice or border staff have paid little attention to them as workers. As a result, the connections between sites and practices of custody and capital have been obscured. Drawing on a range of scholarship about the labour market and the nature of work, the piece concludes by advocating for new alliances to challenge the precarity and poverty that both lead people into these jobs and justifies them and the exclusionary and divisive politics they engender.
Prognostic models for surgical-site infection in gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review
Authors: McLean Kenneth A , Goel Tanvi , Lawday Samuel , Riad Aya , Simoes Joana , Knight Stephen R , Ghosh Dhruva , Glasbey James C , Bhangu Aneel , Harrison Ewen M ,   NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Identification of patients at high risk of surgical-site infection may allow clinicians to target interventions and monitoring to minimize associated morbidity. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate prognostic tools for the prediction of surgical-site infection in gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods
This systematic review sought to identify original studies describing the development and validation of prognostic models for 30-day SSI after gastrointestinal surgery (PROSPERO: CRD42022311019). MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, and IEEE Xplore were searched from 1 January 2000 to 24 February 2022. Studies were excluded if prognostic models included postoperative parameters or were procedure specific. A narrative synthesis was performed, with sample-size sufficiency, discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve), and prognostic accuracy compared.

Results
Of 2249 records reviewed, 23 eligible prognostic models were identified. A total of 13 (57 per cent) reported no internal validation and only 4 (17 per cent) had undergone external validation. Most identified operative contamination (57 per cent, 13 of 23) and duration (52 per cent, 12 of 23) as important predictors; however, there remained substantial heterogeneity in other predictors identified (range 2–28). All models demonstrated a high risk of bias due to the analytic approach, with overall low applicability to an undifferentiated gastrointestinal surgical population. Model discrimination was reported in most studies (83 per cent, 19 of 23); however, calibration (22 per cent, 5 of 23) and prognostic accuracy (17 per cent, 4 of 23) were infrequently assessed. Of externally validated models (of which there were four), none displayed ‘good’ discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve greater than or equal to 0.7).

Conclusion
The risk of surgical-site infection after gastrointestinal surgery is insufficiently described by existing risk-prediction tools, which are not suitable for routine use. Novel risk-stratification tools are required to target perioperative interventions and mitigate modifiable risk factors.