bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dendrite Net based decoupled framework for the reliability‐based control co‐design problem
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Yizhong , Qiao Ping 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo improve the reliability of the dynamic system including physical and control design, the reliability‐based control co‐design (RB‐CCD) problem has been studied to account for the uncertainty stemming from the random physical design. However, when encountering RB‐CCD in the sophisticated system in which the dynamic model simulation is time‐consuming or the state equation is expressed implicitly, the available RB‐CCD methods will consume significant computational effort to perform numerous system simulations for the reliability analysis and deterministic optimization. Therefore, this work proposes a Dendrite Net‐based decoupled framework for RB‐CCD to alleviate the computational burden. Specifically, the Dendrite (DD) model constructed by the suggested training scheme integrated with an adaptive sampling strategy is used to approximate the state equation in the dynamic system. After that, the sequential optimization and reliability assessment method decouples RB‐CCD into the control co‐design (CCD) problem and time‐dependent reliability assessment problem, which are solved sequentially based on the cheap estimations of DD model, rather than the expensive simulations of the original system. Furthermore, two numerical examples and an engineering example of 3‐DOF robot system are applied to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed framework.
State‐selected photo‐recombination cross sections of H‐like ions in the KLL resonant energy range
Authors: Ma K , Chu Y 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe theoretically study the state‐selected photo‐recombination process of highly charged ions using the close‐coupling approximation and the full relativistic Dirac R‐matrix method combined with the Dirac Atomic R‐matrix Codes (DARC). Focusing on the interference between the direct and indirect processes and the relativistic effects on the spin‐orbit splitting, we calculate the total and partial photo‐recombination cross sections of the H‐like Ne, Cl, Fe, and Kr ions. The energies of the incident electrons are considered as in the resonant regions, in which the initial state is the ground state of the H‐like ions and the recombined states includes the ground state and six lower excited states , and of the He‐like ions. We utilize the multi‐configuration Dirac‐Fock method to calculate the target state wavefunctions, transition energies, and transition probabilities of both the one‐electron one‐photon (OEOP) and two‐electron one‐photon (TEOP) transitions from the resonant captured states to the recombined states. By analyzing the calculated atomic data, we identify all resonant peaks in each partial photo‐recombination process, and our results agree well with the available results in literature. Our study reveals a significant interference effect in the photo‐recombination cross sections, especially in the partial cross sections. Moreover, we present the eigenphase as a function of the electron energy for each partial photo‐recombination channel.
Fixed‐time fault‐tolerant control of manipulator systems based on sliding mode observer
Authors: Li Dan , Chen Ming , Peng Kaixiang , Wu Libing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA fixed‐time fault‐tolerant control scheme based on sliding mode observer is proposed, which makes the system more stable and stronger anti‐jamming ability. In our design, its distinct characteristic is to combine the passive fault‐tolerant control and non‐singular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM). And it ensures that the system states can converge to a very small neighborhood near the equilibrium point in a fixed time no matter in normal condition or fault condition. In addition, a novel sliding‐mode observer and a fast variable power reaching law are added to make the system converge faster and chattering smaller. Finally, the computer simulation results of a two‐joint manipulator demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Direct Z‐Scheme Heterostructure of Vertically Oriented SnS2 Nanosheet on BiVO4 Nanoflower for Self‐Powered Photodetectors and Water Splitting
Authors: Ma Nan , Lu Chunhui , Liu Yuqi , Han Taotao , Dong Wen , Wu Dan , Xu Xinlong 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe construction of nanostructured Z‐scheme heterostructure is a powerful strategy for realizing high‐performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices such as self‐powered photodetectors and water splitting. Considering the band structure and internal electric field direction, BiVO4 is a promising candidate to construct SnS2‐based heterostructure. Herein, the direct Z‐scheme heterostructure of vertically oriented SnS2 nanosheet on BiVO4 nanoflower is rationally fabricated for efficient self‐powered PEC photodetectors. The Z‐scheme heterostructure is identified by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, PEC measurement, and water splitting. The SnS2/BiVO4 heterostructure shows a superior photodetection performance such as excellent photoresponsivity (10.43 mA W−1), fast response time (6 ms), and long‐term stability. Additionally, by virtue of efficient Z‐scheme charge transfer and unique light‐trapping nanostructure, the SnS2/BiVO4 heterostructure also displays a remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 54.3 µmol cm−2 h−1 in Na2SO3 electrolyte. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between photo‐activation and bias voltage further improves the PEC hydrogen production rate of 360 µmol cm−2 h−1 at 0.8 V, which is an order of magnitude above the BiVO4. The results provide useful inspiration for designing direct Z‐scheme heterostructures with special nanostructured morphology to signally promote the performance of PEC devices.
Highly Stretchable, Biodegradable, and Recyclable Green Electronic Substrates
Authors: Zhu Yan , Wang Zhongmin , Chen Zhenming , Xin Xiaozhou , Gan Weijiang , Lai Huajun , Lin Cheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a steady stream of electronic devices being discarded, a vast amount of electronic substrate waste of petroleum‐based nondegradable polymers is generated, raising endless concerns about resource depletion and environmental pollution. With coupled reagent (CR)‐grafted artificial marble waste (AMW@CR) as functional fillers, polylactic acid (PLA)‐based highly stretchable biodegradable green composite (AMW@CR‐SBGC) is prepared, with elongation at break up to more than 250%. The degradation mechanism of AMW@CR‐SBGC is deeply revealed. AMW@CR not only contributed to the photodegradation of AMW@CR‐SBGC but also significantly promoted the water degradation of AMW@CR‐SBGC. More importantly, AMW@CR‐SBGC showed great potential as sustainable green electronic substrates and AMW@CR‐SBGC‐based electronic skin can simulate the perception of human skin to strain signals. The outstanding programmable degradability, recyclability, and reusability of AMW@CR‐SBGC enabled its application in transient electronics. As the first demonstration of artificial marble waste in electronic substrates, AMW@CR‐SBGC killed three birds with one stone in terms of waste resourcing, e‐waste reduction, and saving nonrenewable petroleum resources, opening up vast new opportunities for green electronics applications in areas such as health monitoring, artificial intelligence, and security.
Effects of Skeleton Structure of Mesoporous Silica Nanoadjuvants on Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Tan Jia , Ding Binbin , Chen Hao , Meng Qi , Li Jing , Yang Chunzheng , Zhang Wenying , Li Xinyang , Han Di , Zheng Pan , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely praised as nanoadjuvants in vaccine/tumor immunotherapy thanks to their excellent biocompatibility, easy‐to‐modify surface, adjustable particle size, and remarkable immuno‐enhancing activity. However, the application of MSNs is still greatly limited by some severe challenges including the unclear and complicated relationships of structure and immune effect. Herein, three commonly used MSNs with different skeletons including MSN with tetrasulfide bonds (TMSN), MSN containing ethoxy framework (EMSN), and pure −Si−O−Si− framework of MSN (MSN) are comprehensively compared to study the impact of chemical construction on immune effect. The results fully demonstrate that the three MSNs have great promise in improving cellular immunity for tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, the TMSN performs better than the other two MSNs in antigen loading, cellular uptake, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lymph node targeting, immune activation, and therapeutic efficiency. The findings provide a new paradigm for revealing the structure‐function relationship of mesoporous silica nanoadjuvants, paving the way for their future clinical application.
Stereoisomeric Non‐Fullerene Acceptors‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Lixuan , Yan Yangjun , Zhao Shengda , Wang Tong , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Jianqi , Hao Xiaotao , Zhang Yajie , Zhang Xinghua , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractChiral alkyl chains are ubiquitously observed in organic semiconductor materials and can regulate solution processability and active layer morphology, but the effect of stereoisomers on photovoltaic performance has rarely been investigated. For the racemic Y‐type acceptors widely used in organic solar cells, it remains unknown if the individual chiral molecules separate into the conglomerate phase or if racemic phase prevails. Here, the photovoltaic performance of enantiomerically pure Y6 derivatives, (S,S)/(R,R)‐BTP‐4F, and their chiral mixtures are compared. It is found that (S,S) and (R,R)‐BTP‐4F molecule in the racemic mixtures tends to interact with its enantiomer. The racemic mixtures enable efficient light harvesting, fast hole transfer, and long polaron lifetime, which is conducive to charge generation and suppresses the recombination losses. Moreover, abundant charge diffusion pathways provided by the racemate contribute to efficient charge transport. As a result, the racemate system maximizes the power output and minimizes losses, leading to a higher efficiency of 18.16% and a reduced energy loss of 0.549 eV, as compared to the enantiomerically pure molecules. This study demonstrates that the chirality of non‐fullerene acceptors should receive more attention and be designed rationally to enhance the efficiency of organic solar cells.
One‐Step Fabricated Sn0 Particle on S‐Vacancies SnS2 to Accelerate Photoelectron Transfer for Sterling Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Pure Water Vapor Environment
Authors: Zhang Haoyu , Mao Liang , Wang Junyan , Nie Yu , Geng Zikang , Zhong Dichang , Tan Xin , Ye Jinhua , Yu Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPromoting the proton‐coupled electron transfer process in order to solve the sluggish carrier migration dynamics is an efficient way to accelerate the photocatalytic CO2 reduction (PCR) process. Herein, through the reduction of Sn4+ by amino and sulfhydryl groups, Sn0 particles are lodged in S‐vacancies SnS2 nanosheets. The high conductance of Sn0 particles expedites the collection and transport of photogenerated electrons, activating the surrounding surface of unsaturated sulfur (Sx2−) and thus lowering the energy barrier for generation of *COOH. Meanwhile, S‐vacancies boost H2O adsorption while Sx2− increases CO2 adsorption, as demonstrated by density functional theory (DFT), obtaining a selectivity of 97.88% CO and yield of 295.06 µmol g−1 h−1 without the addition of co‐catalysts and sacrificial agents. This work provides a new approach to building a fast electron transfer interface between metal particles and semiconductors, which works in tandem with S‐vacancies and Sx2− to boost the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO in pure water vapor environment.
Targeted Nanocarriers for Systemic Delivery of IRAK4 Inhibitors to Inflamed Tissues
Authors: Park Youngrong , Korzun Tetiana , Moses Abraham S. , Singh Prem , Levasseur Peter R. , Demessie Ananiya A. , Sharma Kongbrailatpam Shitaljit , Morgan Terry , Raitmayr Constanze J. , Avila Uriel , Sabei Fahad Y. , Taratula Olena R. , Marks Daniel L. , Taratula Oleh 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPersistent and uncontrolled inflammation is the root cause of various debilitating diseases. Given that interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) is a critical modulator of inflammation, inhibition of its activity with selective drug molecules (IRAK4 inhibitors) represents a promising therapeutic strategy for inflammatory disorders. To exploit the full potential of this treatment approach, drug carriers for efficient delivery of IRAK4 inhibitors to inflamed tissues are essential. Herein, the first nanoparticle‐based platform for the targeted systemic delivery of a clinically tested IRAK4 inhibitor, PF‐06650833, with limited aqueous solubility (57 µg mL−1) is presented. The developed nanocarriers increase the intrinsic aqueous dispersibility of this IRAK4 inhibitor by 40 times. A targeting peptide on the surface of nanocarriers significantly enhances their accumulation after intravenous injection in inflamed tissues of mice with induced paw edema and ulcerative colitis when compared to non‐targeted counterparts. The delivered IRAK4 inhibitor markedly abates inflammation and dramatically suppresses paw edema, mitigates colitis symptoms, and reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels in the affected tissues. Importantly, repeated injections of IRAK4 inhibitor‐loaded nanocarriers have no acute toxic effect on major organs of mice. Therefore, the developed nanocarriers have the potential to significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy of IRAK4 inhibitors for different inflammatory diseases.
A blockchain‐based smart contract model for secured energy trading management in smart microgrids
Authors: Su Xiaole , Hu Yuanchao , Liu Wei , Jiang Zhipeng , Qiu Chan , Xiong Jie , Sun Ju 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe extension of emerging renewable energy sources such as wind and water turbines, solar panels, and the increasing usage of electric vehicles requires the supply and distribution of energy in a small device on local scale and it has created new methods of supplying and selling electricity. Middle buyers and end users can obtain the local energy with the peer‐to‐peer trading method in this large and hierarchical market. This method enables market to manage and exchange the electricity between major suppliers and medium and local levels. Blockchain technology is developing in peer‐to‐peer exchange of electricity and acts as a reliable, efficient, and safe technology in the electricity trading market. In this method, while preserving the privacy of electricity users, by using smart contracts and by removing intermediaries in the energy supply and demand market, direct commercial interactions between energy suppliers and consumers are done. The blockchain technology, while creating trust between the parties in the energy market, reduces the cost of electricity trading and increases its scalability with using the intermediate energy aggregators. In this research, the blockchain‐based model, is presented for distribution and peer‐to‐peer transactions in the energy market. The suggested model provides the possibility of registration low‐cost instant transactions at the power grid in any specific period of time. The above method, unlike periodic payments, provides immediate access to bills and small payments. Since the transactions outside the blockchain chain are not recorded, this system guarantees its honest and independent operation without fraud and failure. The smart contract method based on blockchain, reduces the transaction fees and speeds up electricity trading. Also, the experimental investigation in 20 nodes shows the time required to determine the exchange contract in the blockchain method. The average is improved by 49.7% in this method. Also, the negotiation convergence time has become 47% faster.
Field application of a combined serological‐molecular testing protocol for diagnosing genital leptospirosis in naturally infected cows with gestational losses
Authors: Aymée Luiza , Zambrano José Azael , Escalona Rafael Pérez , Palhares Karina , Di Azevedo Maria Isabel Nogueira , Lilenbaum Walter 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBovine genital leptospirosis (BGL) causes chronic reproductive disease in cattle. This study aimed to apply a combined serological‐molecular testing protocol under field conditions for diagnosing BGL in cows with gestational losses.MethodsThree beef herds with reproductive failures were studied, and 60 cows with gestational losses (20 from each herd) were randomly selected for laboratory diagnosis of BGL. In addition, 40 cows with normal pregnancy were included as a control. Blood samples were collected from all 100 cows for microscopic agglutination testing, and cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) samples were collected from 28 cows with gestational losses and 20 control cows for lipL32‐PCR.ResultsAll herds had high Leptospira seroreactivity (>65%), mainly against serogroup Sejroe. Ten of the 28 CVM samples from cows with gestational losses were PCR‐positive, while all samples from the control group were negative (p < 0.05).LimitationsUnfortunately, the positive samples did not amplify in secY‐PCR for nucleotide sequencing, which would allow the identification of leptospiral strains.ConclusionSerology was sufficient to indicate leptospirosis at the herd level, but the definitive diagnosis of BGL was only possible using CVM PCR. Although seroreactivity against serogroup Sejroe has been associated with gestational losses, this is the first study to conduct CVM PCR as a confirmatory test for BGL diagnosis in extensive beef herds under field conditions.
A Bayesian theory of mind approach to modeling cooperation and communication
Authors: Stacy Stephanie , Gong Siyi , Parab Aishni , Zhao Minglu , Jiang Kaiwen , Gao Tao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLanguage has been widely acknowledged as the benchmark of intelligence. However, evidence from cognitive science shows that intelligent behaviors in robust social interactions preexist the mastery of language. This review approaches human‐unique intelligence, specifically cooperation and communication, from an agency‐based theory of mind (ToM) account, emphasizing the ability to understand others' behaviors in terms of their underlying mental states. This review demonstrates this viewpoint by first reviewing a series of empirical works on the socio‐cognitive development of young children and non‐human primates in terms of their capacities in communication and cooperation, strongly suggesting that these capacities constitute the origin of human‐unique intelligence. Following, it reviews how ToM can be formalized as a Bayesian inference of the mental states given observed actions. Then, it reviews how Bayesian ToM can be extended to model the interaction of minds in cooperation and communication. The advantage of this approach is that non‐linguistic knowledge such as the visual environment can serve as the contextual constraint for multiple agents to coordinate with sparse and limited signals, thus demonstrating certain cognitive architectures underlying human communication.This article is categorized under:Applications of Computational Statistics > PsychometricsStatistical Models > Bayesian ModelsStatistical Models > Agent‐Based Models
Two decades of heart regeneration research: Cardiomyocyte proliferation and beyond
Authors: Huang Herman , Huang Guo N. , Payumo Alexander Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterest in vertebrate cardiac regeneration has exploded over the past two decades since the discovery that adult zebrafish are capable of complete heart regeneration, contrasting the limited regenerative potential typically observed in adult mammalian hearts. Undercovering the mechanisms that both support and limit cardiac regeneration across the animal kingdom may provide unique insights in how we may unlock this capacity in adult humans. In this review, we discuss key discoveries in the heart regeneration field over the last 20 years. Initially, seminal findings revealed that pre‐existing cardiomyocytes are the major source of regenerated cardiac muscle, drawing interest into the intrinsic mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation. Moreover, recent studies have identified the importance of intercellular interactions and physiological adaptations, which highlight the vast complexity of the cardiac regenerative process. Finally, we compare strategies that have been tested to increase the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart.This article is categorized under:
Cardiovascular Diseases > Stem Cells and Development
Cost of Capital
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA company’s value is determined not just by its expected cash flows, but also by its cost of capital, which we explore in this chapter. We start with the cost of financial capital rFV, which is the required minimum return on financial capital that is used in investment decisions. Subsequently, we consider the impact of S (social) and E (environmental) risks on the cost of financial capital. That is, to what extent do companies incur additional (or reduced) financial risk from their S and E exposures? We then address the cost of social capital rSV and the cost of environmental capital rEV in their own right. These tend to be much lower than a company’s cost of financial capital. The flip side is that the present value of assets and liabilities on E and S tends to be quite high, as discounting with a low discount rate reduces the present value of underlying value flows in a limited way. Finally, we put rFV, rSV, and rEV together to obtain the cost of integrated capital, rIV, which is the return on integrated assets that is demanded by the company’s stakeholders on aggregate. Interestingly, rIV gives an indication of the overall risk of the company, which can differ substantially from the risk picture that emerges from a purely financial perspective, even if that financial perspective is taken on an ESG integrated basis.
Capital Market Adaptability, Investor Behaviour, and Impact
Authors: Schoenmaker Dirk , Schramade Willem 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe efficient markets hypothesis states that stock prices incorporate all relevant information instantaneously. However, investor behaviour is not always fully in line with theoretical predictions. The mechanism behind efficient markets is that a sufficient number of analysts pay attention to newly arriving information, judge it value relevant, and trade on that information. In that way, the new information gets priced in. But there is evidence that learning takes time and that adaptive markets are a better description than efficient markets. In particular, it seems that analysts have been slow to pick up sustainability-related information.Moreover, stock prices only reflect the effects of (sustainability-related) information on the financial value of companies. There is no ‘market’ (yet) for the diffusion of information on the social and environmental value (impact) of companies. New regulations, scientific research, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and ratings agencies do produce information on companies’ social and environmental impact. They create implicit markets on impact information and price-setting that are continuously evolving. These markets can be used to determine the willingness to pay for impact (and thus derive prices for impact). At the same time, a new breed of impact investors is emerging. These investors look for financial return (profit) as well as impact and may be willing to sacrifice some part of their financial return for higher impact.