bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of adverse childhood experiences, undernutrition symptoms and gender among sample of medical students in Fallujah University – Iraq: A preliminary study
Authors: Al Shawi Ameel F. , Al Diwan Jawad K. 
Published: April 2023

Background: Adverse childhood experiences is considered as major risk factor for several health problems and diseases during adulthood, such as hypertension, IHD, and eating disorders. The aim of current study was to measure the association between ACEs and malnutrition symptoms among sample of medical students in Fallujah University. Methods: A convenience sample was used to recruit the participants; the data collection was carried out during December 2022. The questionnaire consisted from questions for demographical variables, questions for adverse childhood experiences and Short Nutritional Questionnaire was used for assessing the undernutrition symptoms among the subjects. Results: Female subjects consisted 62.8% of the sample, 28.3% of the students had zero score of adverse childhood experience, 13% of the subjects had one score of ACEs and 45% of the participants had four or more of ACEs score. There was a statistically non- significant association between exposure to ACEs and undernutrition symptoms, p > .05. The logistic regression model revealed that female subjects had a risk of five folds for loss of appetite compare to male subjects (OR = 5.58, 95% CI [2.18, 14.31]). The females also had three folds for using nutritional supplement due to nutritional deficiencies compare to males (OR = 3.28, 95% CI [1.33, 8.1]). Conclusion: ACEs was not associated with undernutrition symptoms. Gender is significantly related with loss of appetite and using the nutritional supplement.
The associations between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life among patients with advanced cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Ng Sean , Ozdemir Semra 
Published: April 2023

Background: Prognostic awareness among patients with advanced cancer is important for better palliative and end-of-life care. However, the relationships between prognostic awareness and patient health-related quality of life outcomes remain inconsistent across studies. Critically synthesizing empirical literature will allow for a better understanding of these associations. Aim: To investigate the associations between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life outcomes among patients with advanced cancer. Design: This study was a systematic review, prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020177228). Data sources: Seven databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched in March 2022. Cross-sectional and longitudinal empirical studies in English were included regardless of cancer type or publication date. Results: We identified 1338 articles and included 36 for review. A substantial proportion of patients remained prognostically unaware (50%). Prognostic awareness was either not significantly associated (48%) or associated with worsened (40%) outcomes. These associations were found to vary (e.g., be differently associated with improved, worsened, or non-significant health-related quality of life outcomes) based on the definition of prognostic awareness used and the population sampled (Asian vs Western). Few structured, validated questionnaires were used and only three studies investigated how the associations evolved over time. Conclusions: To facilitate better understanding of the relationships between prognostic awareness and health-related quality of life, future research must focus on developing a standardized, “gold standard” measurement of prognostic awareness. Research should also examine the influence of culture and the evolution of these relationships longitudinally.
Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study to Analyze the Effects of SUP Cessation
Authors: Mekhail Andrew , Young Paul , Mekhail Ann-Marie , Tinawi Georges , Haran Cheyaanthan , Clayton Nicholas , Galvin Sean 
Published: April 2023

Introduction Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is an important complication among critically ill adults, especially those having cardiac surgery as management is complicated by the requirement for antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. As a result, stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) has become routine practice in many centers, utilizing either proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or histamine-2 receptor blockers (H2RBs). Recent evidence from the PEPTIC trial indicated an increase in mortality risk among cardiac surgery patients receiving PPIs compared to H2RBs. Considering these findings, alongside practical difficulties surrounding the transition to H2RBs as a prophylactic agent in New Zealand, Wellington Hospital intensive care unit elected to discontinue routine PPI use for SUP in cardiac surgery patients. A retrospective study was conducted to assess patient outcomes following the discontinuation of routine SUP. Method A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Wellington Hospital between February/2018 and January/2022, and divided patients into cohorts before and after the discontinuation of routine use of SUP on the 31st of January 2020. The primary outcomes were the rate of UGIB, oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) and 180-day postoperative mortality. Secondary outcomes included rates of postoperative Clostridium difficile enteritis, pneumonia, deep sternal wound infection, and length of stay of the index admission. Results The rate of UGIB statistically significantly increased since the cessation of routine SUP in January 2020 (2.4% vs 5.4%, P-value = .004). This finding was mirrored with the increased rates of OGD (1.9% vs 4.0%, P-value = .005). There were no significant changes in 180-day mortality, hospital length of stay, or any of the postoperative infective complications analyzed, pneumonia, deep sternal wound infection, or C difficile enteritis. Conclusion This study suggests an association between routine use of SUP and reduced rates of clinically significant UGIB and OGD requirements in cardiac surgery patients without increasing risk of infective complications or postoperative mortality.
Socioeconomic disparities in adolescent anxiety and depression in Finland have not increased during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kaltiala Riittakerttu , Aalto-Setälä Terhi , Kiviruusu Olli 
Published: April 2023

Aims: The purpose of this research was to assess whether socioeconomic disparities in adolescent depression and anxiety in Finland increased among middle adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Repeated cross-sectional surveys (the School Health Promotion Study) from spring 2019 and spring 2021 were compared. The respondents were 87,283 eighth and ninth graders (14–16-year-olds) in 2019 and 91,560 in 2021, corresponding respectively to 73% and 75% of the age groups. Depression was measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), and anxiety with GAD-7, and adverse socioeconomic background using low parental education, not living with both parents, and family’s poor financial situation. Associations of socioeconomic adversities with depression and generalised anxiety, and the effect of COVID-19 (2021 vs 2019), were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Depression and anxiety were more common in both sexes the more sociodemographic adversities there were in the adolescent’s background. However, increases in the prevalence of anxiety and depression from pre- to in-pandemic time did not differ with accumulating sociodemographic adversities. Conclusions: Depression and anxiety increased in prevalence among Finnish adolescents during the pandemic. Sociodemographic disparities in depression and anxiety show no increase. Emotional symptoms are nevertheless more common in adolescents from lower socioeconomic status families.
Menstrual health and management during the COVID-19 syndemic in the Barcelona area (Spain): A qualitative study
Authors: Holst Anna Sofie , Jacques-Aviñó Constanza , Berenguera Anna , Martínez-Bueno Cristina , Munrós-Feliu Jordina , Pinzón-Sanabria Diana , Valls-Llobet Carme , López-Jiménez Tomàs , García-Egea Andrea , Vicente-Hernández María Mercedes , Medina-Perucha Laura 
Published: April 2023

Background: Available evidence suggests that menstrual health and management have been impaired during the COVID-19 syndemic. However, research in this area is scarce, and it is failing to voice the experiences of women and people who menstruate regarding their menstrual experiences. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the experiences of menstrual health and menstrual management among women and people who menstruate in the Barcelona area (Spain) during the COVID-19 syndemic. Design: This is a qualitative study, conducted taking a critical feminist approach, is embedded in the ‘Equity and Menstrual Health in Spain’ project. Methods: It includes photo-elicitation individual interviews with 34 women and people who menstruate in the area of Barcelona (Spain). Data were collected in person and through telephone calls between December 2020 and February 2021. Analyses were performed using Thematic Analysis. Results: Main findings navigated through the menstrual changes experienced by some participants, especially women living with long COVID-19, and the barriers to access healthcare and menstrual products during COVID-19. While some participants experienced menstrual poverty, this did not appear to be exacerbated during COVID-19. Instead, access to menstrual products was compromised based on products’ availability and mobility restrictions. Menstrual management and self-care were generally easier, given that menstrual experiences were almost exclusively relegated to private spaces during lockdown periods. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need to further research and policy efforts towards promoting menstrual health and equity, considering social determinants of health, and taking intersectional and gender-based approaches. These strategies should be further encouraged in social and health crises such as the COVID-19 syndemic.
Fibrous dysplasia associated with peripheral giant cell granoluma in maxilla in a young patient, a case report of rare hybrid lesion
Authors: Karimi Abbas , Derakhshan Samira , Hasheminasab Mahboube , Kordi Sheida 
Published: April 2023

Benign fibro-osseous lesions are a diverse range of entities that have distinct clinical and radiographic features. They can occur as solitary lesions or concomitant with other pathologies as hybrid lesions. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) accompanied by central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) or peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) as hybrid lesions, is reported very rarely in the literature. Although we were unable to find any reports of FD with PGCG as a hybrid lesion. Fibro-osseous lesions have certain histopathological features in common with PGCG including multinucleated giant cells. Here we report a 28 year old female with a painless, slow growing and pedunculated swelling of the maxilla for 18 months. Differential diagnosis consisted of FD, cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF), chondrosarcoma and probable PGCG considering radiographic and clinical investigations. Histopathologic findings revealed PGCG and FD as a hybrid lesion. The combination of PGCG and FD has not been reported in the literature so far.
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of BZR gene family and associated responses to abiotic stresses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Luo Shilei , Zhang Guobin , Zhang Zeyu , Wan Zilong , Liu Zeci , Lv Jian , Yu Jihua 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT (BZR) is a class of specific transcription factor (TFs) involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. The regulatory mechanism of target genes mediated by BZR has become one of the key research areas in plant BR signaling networks. However, the functions of the BZR gene family in cucumber have not been well characterized.

Results
In this study, six CsBZR gene family members were identified by analyzing the conserved domain of BES1 N in the cucumber genome. The size of CsBZR proteins ranges from 311 to 698 amino acids and are mostly located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis divided CsBZR genes into three subgroups. The gene structure and conserved domain showed that the BZR genes domain in the same group was conserved. Cis-acting element analysis showed that cucumber BZR genes were mainly involved in hormone response, stress response and growth regulation. The qRT-PCR results also confirmed CsBZR response to hormones and abiotic stress.

Conclusion
Collectively, the CsBZR gene is involved in regulating cucumber growth and development, particularly in hormone response and response to abiotic stress. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the structure and expression patterns of BZR genes.
Ultrasonographic images of spina bifida before obstetric anesthesia: a case series
Authors: Doi Mayuko , Sakurai Yasuyoshi , Sakamaki Daisuke , Tanaka Soichiro , Katori Nobuyuki , Uezono Shoichi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Spina bifida is a relatively common congenital malformation. As the functional prognosis of patients with spina bifida has improved over time, the number of cases resulting in pregnancy and delivery has increased. Lumbar ultrasonography has become a standard and helpful technique before neuraxial anesthesia. We believe that it might be valuable if we use lumbar ultrasonography to evaluate pregnant women with spina bifida before obstetric anesthesia.

Case presentation
We performed lumbar ultrasonography to evaluate four pregnant women with spina bifida. Patient 1 had no history of surgery. Lumbar radiography before pregnancy showed a bone defect from L5 to the sacrum as a result of incomplete fusion. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a spinal lipoma and a bone defect of the sacrum. Lumbar ultrasonography showed similar findings. We performed general anesthesia for emergency cesarean delivery. Patient 2 underwent surgical repair immediately after birth. Lumbar ultrasonography showed the same bone defect as well as a lipoma beyond the bone defect. We performed general anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Patient 3 had vesicorectal disorders but no prior surgery. Lumbar radiography before pregnancy showed congenital abnormalities such as incomplete fusion, scoliosis, rotation, and a notably small sacrum. Lumbar ultrasonography showed the same bone defect. We performed general anesthesia for cesarean section with no complications. Patient 4 complained of lumbago a few years after her first delivery and received a diagnosis of spina bifida occulta by lumbar radiography, with the incomplete fusion of only the 5th vertebra. Lumbar ultrasonography indicated the same abnormalities. We placed an epidural catheter to avoid the bone abnormality and achieved epidural labor analgesia with no complications.

Conclusions
Lumbar ultrasonography shows anatomic structures easily, safely, and consistently, without X-ray exposure or the need for more expensive modalities. It is a helpful technique to explore anatomic structures potentially complicated by spina bifida before anesthetic procedures.
Prevalence and associated health and lifestyle factors of myopic maculopathy in northern China: the Kailuan eye study
Authors: Wang Haiwei , Zhou Jinqiong , Wang Ya Xing , Wang Qian , Yan Yanni , Yang Xuan , Yang Jingyan , Zhou Wenjia , Nie Zihan , Shi Xuhan , Ji Haixia , Zhang Yongpeng , Shi Xuehui , Wei Wen-Bin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the prevalence and associated health and lifestyle factors of myopic maculopathy (MM) in a northern Chinese industrial city.

Methods
The cross-sectional Kailuan Eye Study included subjects who participated in the longitudinal Kailuan Study in 2016. Ophthalmologic and general examinations were performed on all the participants. MM was graded based on fundus photographs using the International Photographic Classification and Grading System. The prevalence of MM was evaluated. Univariate and multiple logistic regression were adopted to evaluated risk factors of MM.

Results
The study included 8330 participants with gradable fundus photographs for MM and ocular biometry data. The prevalence of MM was 1.11% (93/8330; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–1.33%). Diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, patchy chorioretinal atrophy, macular atrophy, and plus lesions were observed in 72 (0.9%), 15 (0.2%), 6 (0.007%), and 32 eyes (0.4%), respectively. MM was more common in eyes with longer axial length (OR 4.517; 95%CI 3.273 to 6.235) and in participants with hypertension (OR 3.460; 95%CI 1.152 to 10.391), and older age (OR 1.084; 95%CI 1.036 to 1.134).

Conclusions
The MM was present in 1.11% of the northern Chinese individuals 21 years or older and the associate factors include longer axial length, older age, and hypertension.
To what extent do young chinese elites comply with COVID-19 prevention and control measures?
Authors: Huang Yuanyuan , Zhang Hua , Peng Zixuan , Fang Min 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital for individuals to comply with the government’s prevention and control measures. This study aims to explore determinants of college students’ compliance behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
This study conducted an online survey among 3,122 individuals aged 18 and above from March to November 2022 in China. Individuals’ compliance behaviour was divided into protective behaviour (that includes wearing a mask, maintaining a physical distance, and getting vaccinated) and restrictive behaviour (that includes offering health codes and a nucleic acid test certificate). Individuals’ compliance motivation was divided into calculated motivation (including the fear of being infected, the fear of being published, and previous experience of pandemic prevention) and normative motivation (including the sense of social responsibility and trust in government). We defined young people aged between 18 and 24 with a college degree as young elites, and constructed ordinary least squares linear regression to compare their compliance behaviour with young people without a college degree (young non-elites), and non-young people with a college degree (non-young elites).

Results
Almost three years after the outbreak of the pandemic, Chinese individuals retained a high degree of compliance with COVID-19 prevention and control policies, particularly with respect to the provision of health codes. Young elites were more compliant with getting vaccinated, wearing a mask, providing health codes and testing results than their counterparts. The sense of social responsibility and trust in government were the major drivers of young elites’ compliance behaviour during the pandemic. Young elites who were male, had a rural “hukou”, and were not a member of the China Communist Party were more compliant with COVID-19 prevention and control measures.

Conclusion
This study found that young elites in China had high policy compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic. These young elites’ compliance behaviour was driven by their sense of social responsibility and trust in government rather than the fear of being infected and the fear of being punished as a result of violating the regulations. We suggest that in the context of managing health crises, in stead of introducing punitive measures to enforce citizens to comply with the management measures, promoting citizens’ sense of social responsibility and building a trusting relationship with citizens contrite to the enhancement of citizens’ policy compliance.
Perceived risk of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production: an implication for food security in Ethiopia
Authors: Ejara Daba , Urgessa Megersso , kumsa Kebede , Abdurahaman Junayde 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Risk perception is a subjective psychological construct that is influenced by cognitive, emotional, social, cultural, and individual differences, both within and between individuals and across countries. Although the impact of COVID-19 on short- and long-term food security is difficult to predict, some risk factors and lessons from previous pandemics can be identified. The goal of this study is to assess rural farmers’ perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on crop production and its implications for food security in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 634 small-holder farmers in the west Arsi zone district. From November 1–30, 2020, data was gathered through interviews with local farmers. Data was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire. Six trained expert agricultural workers were used as data collectors and supervisors, respectively, and both were trained. The questionnaire had been pre-tested. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25 was used to analyze the data. To identify factors associated with risk perception of the COVID-19 pandemic on crop production, binary and multivariable logistic regression were used, with statistical significance determined at a p-value of 0.05.

Results
This study found that among farmers in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, about 32.5% reported having perceived risk of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production, and that age greater than or equal to 57, female sex (AOR,1.48 95% CI (1.03–2.12)), primary Educational status (AOR,2.85(1.78–4.58)), and permanent employed occupation of the house head (AOR, 2.27(1.24–4.17) were found to be independent predictors of perceived risk of COVID-19 pandemic on crop production among farmers in West Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.

Conclusion
Perceived risk of COVID-19 on crop production was high and varied across age groups, sexes, educational attainment levels, and the occupation of the head of the household.
Comparison of different reference values for lung function: implications of inconsistent use among centers
Authors: Mangseth Henrik , Sikkeland Liv Ingunn Bjoner , Durheim Michael Thomas , Ulvestad Mariann , Myrdal Ole Henrik , Kongerud Johny , Lund May B 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
For interpretation of pulmonary function tests (PFTs), reference values based on sex, age, height and ethnicity are needed. In Norway, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) reference values remain widely used, in spite of recommendations to implement the more recent Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) reference values.

Objective
To assess the effects of changing from ECSC to GLI reference values for spirometry, DLCO and static lung volumes, using a clinical cohort of adults with a broad range in age and lung function.

Methods
PFTs from 577 adults (18–85 years, 45% females) included in recent clinical studies were used to compare ECSC and GLI reference values for FVC, FEV1, DLCO, TLC and RV. Percent predicted and lower limit of normal (LLN) were calculated. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess agreement between GLI and ECSC % predicted values.

Results
In both sexes, GLI % predicted values were lower for FVC and FEV1, and higher for DLCO and RV, compared to ECSC. The disagreement was most pronounced in females, with mean (SD) difference 15 (5) percent points (pp) for DLCO and 17 (9) pp for RV (p < 0.001). With GLI, DLCO was below LLN in 23% of the females, with ECSC in 49% of the females.

Conclusions
The observed differences between GLI and ECSC reference values are likely to entail significant consequences with respect to criteria for diagnostics and treatment, health care benefits and inclusion in clinical trials. To ensure equity of care, the same reference values should be consistently implemented across centers nationwide.