bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between dicode PPM and offset PPM enhancement with different error correction codes
Authors: Al‐batoosh Ahmed H. , Al‐Nedawe Basman M. , Hussein Yasmeen M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractOffset pulse position modulation (OPPM) and Dicode pulse position modulation (DiPPM) have been introduced as new attractive modulation techniques, however, they are suffering from erasure, wrong slot, and false alarm errors. in this paper, two types of error correction (EC) codes, Low‐Density Parity Check (LDPC) code and Reed Solomon (RS) code, where paired the OPPM and DiPPM systems to reduce bugs, analyze the best EC parameters, and choose the superlative EC system. In other words, the performance of OPPM engaging LDPC codes and DiPPM employing LDPC codes will be compared against the OPPM engaging RS codes and DiPPM employing RS codes. To systematically carry out this comparison, numbers of photons, transmission efficiency, and the code rate are computed. The evaluation has stated that the data transmission rate at the start has indicated that OPPM with LDPC requires only 1.2 × 103 photons/pulse compared to the necessity of 1.821 × 103 photons/pulse when the DiPPM used LDPC. Accordingly, the transmission efficiency has been increased due to a reduction of number of photons. Also, the coded OPPM with LDPC codes is better than the coded DiPPM with LDPC codes when operating at a code rate that is approximately 0.7.
Blockchain interoperability: the state of heterogenous blockchain‐to‐blockchain communication
Authors: Kotey Seth Djanie , Tchao Eric Tutu , Ahmed Abdul‐Rahman , Agbemenu Andrew Selasi , Nunoo‐Mensah Henry , Sikora Axel , Welte Dominik , Keelson Eliel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBlockchain technology has been increasingly adopted over the past few years since the introduction of Bitcoin, with several blockchain architectures and solutions being proposed. Most proposed solutions have been developed in isolation, without a standard protocol or cryptographic structure to work with. This has led to the problem of interoperability, where solutions running on different blockchain platforms are unable to communicate, limiting the scope of use. With blockchains being adopted in a variety of fields such as the Internet of Things, it is expected that the problem of interoperability if not addressed quickly, will stifle technology advancement. This paper presents the current state of interoperability solutions proposed for heterogenous blockchain systems. A look is taken at interoperability solutions, not only for cryptocurrencies, but also for general data‐based use cases. Current open issues in heterogenous blockchain interoperability are presented. Additionally, some possible research directions are presented to enhance and to extend the existing blockchain interoperability solutions. It was discovered that though there are a number of proposed solutions in literature, few have seen real‐world implementation. The lack of blockchain‐specific standards has slowed the progress of interoperability. It was also realized that most of the proposed solutions are developed targeting cryptocurrency‐based applications.
Learnings from Rolls‐Royce hybrid propulsion systems in flight testing of High Power, High Scalability Hybrid Powertrain aircraft
Authors: Bodolai Péter , Vörösváczki Attila , Bihari Gábor , Fási Szabolcs , Szabó Péter , Koltai Zoltán 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article describes the collaborative efforts between Tecnam, Rolls‐Royce, and Rotax to equip a 4‐seat Tecnam P2010 aircraft with a parallel hybrid‐electric powertrain, the first of its kind ever developed for general aviation, to help reduce fuel consumption while maintaining, and even extending, the aircraft range. The High Power, High Scalability Hybrid Powertrain project set out to design, build, ground‐test and demonstrate in a flight campaign such a propulsion system. Creating a parallel hybrid‐electric drive system, which brings together the electric and combustion engine worlds, creates a completely new set of challenges in the design, assembly, operation, and safety assurance of aircraft which must be addressed for a successful business proposition. The article reflects on some of the challenges faced as this innovative and scalable powertrain was developed on the road to minimise emissions in the aviation industry.
Hierarchical cooperative eco‐driving control for connected autonomous vehicle platoon at signalized intersections
Authors: Wu Simin , Chen Zheng , Shen Shiquan , Shen Jiangwei , Guo Fengxiang , Liu Yonggang , Zhang Yuanjian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVehicles in the platoon can sufficiently incorporate the information via V2X communication to plan ecological speed trajectories and pass the intersection smoothly. Most existing eco‐driving studies mainly focus on the optimal control of a single vehicle at an individual signalized intersection, while rarely involving the cooperative optimization of a group of vehicles at successive signalized intersections. In this study, a hierarchical cooperative eco‐driving control for a connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) platoon is proposed to enhance traffic mobility and energy efficiency, wherein the velocity trajectory of the leading vehicle at each isolated signalized intersection is planned using the pseudo‐spectral method, and then the cooperative optimization of following vehicles in the platoon is conducted via rolling optimization, with the aim of improving driving comfort, safety and energy economy for the platoon. The simulation results highlight that the proposed hierarchical cooperative eco‐driving strategy can lead to preferable vehicle‐following behaviours and platoon driving performance, and the overall energy consumption and trip time of vehicle platoon are respectively reduced by 26.10% and 2.83%, compared with that under manual driving. Furthermore, the overall energy economy is promoted by 4.95% and 4.60%, compared with cooperative adaptive cruise control and intelligent driver model‐based platoon control strategies.
Coordinated emergency control strategy of high‐voltage direct current transmission and energy storage system based on Pontryagin minimum principle for enhancing power system frequency stability
Authors: Chen Xiaojing , Dong Haiying , Zhang Yu , Che Yulong , Chen Longyu , Huang Amin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWith the increase of the proportion of renewable energy sources, the rotational inertia of the power system decreases, which results in the risk of frequency instability increasing. Based on Pontryagin minimum principle, this paper presents a systematic emergency control strategy by coordinating the active power of voltage source converter based high‐voltage direct current transmission (VSC‐HVDC) and energy storage system (ESS) to improve the system frequency stability, reduce the operation cost of VSC‐HVDC and ESS and implement energy management of ESS. In the stage of frequency fall, a hierarchical control strategy is proposed to prevent the frequency from dropping below the preset threshold value and achieve the optimal distribution of support power between VSC‐HVDC and ESS. For the system level, the total optimal power support trajectory of VSC‐HVDC and ESS is optimized by the Gaussian pseudospectral method with the minimum total control energy, considering the constraints of frequency. For the station level, the power references of VSC‐HVDC/ESS are determined by the model predictive controller (MPC), with the minimum frequency deviation of the non‐disturbed system connected to VSC‐HVDC, control cost of VSC‐HVDC and loss cost of ESS. In the stage of frequency recovery, an energy recovery control strategy is designed to aim at quickly recovering energy of ESS while considering the minimum frequency limit. Finally, the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed strategy are verified in the improved IEEE 39 bus system and a real‐power system.
Development of wire length measuring equipment for prefabricated erection of transmission lines
Authors: Li Xiaobin , Liu Baojun , Yao Pan , Wen Hongbing , Zheng Riping 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe existing prefabricated wireline construction technology is difficult to accurately measure the real‐time length of the deployed wires, resulting in too large construction errors and cannot be popularized and applied. To this end, a length measuring device that can accurately measure the length of the wire during the construction of the prefabricated wire is developed. In terms of the hardware of the length measuring equipment, based on the construction characteristics of the prefabricated wiring and the characteristics of the wire, the photoelectric encoder and the STC8G series single‐chip microcomputer are used to complete the collection and processing of the wire length data, and the mature and stable LoRa technology is used to complete the wireless transmission of the data. In terms of software program of length measurement equipment, the measurement of wire length data, transmission, and interaction of control command signals are realized by optimizing length measurement scheme, interface development of terminal equipment, and information interaction program design. Finally, according to the actual working conditions of the prefabricated wiring construction, the mechanical structure of the length measuring equipment is designed, and the assembly is completed. The developed length measuring equipment has been successfully applied to practical projects. According to the wire length measuring equipment, the deviation between the observation sag and the design sag after the wire length is measured by the wire length measuring equipment is 2.0%, which meets the design requirement of ±2.5%.
Hot Exoplanet Atmospheres Resolved with Transit Spectroscopy (HEARTS)
Authors: Steiner M. , Attia M. , Ehrenreich D. , Lendl M. , Bourrier V. , Lovis C. , Seidel J. V. , Sousa S. G. , Mounzer D. , Astudillo-Defru N. , Bonfils X. , Bonvin V. , Dethier W. , Heng K. , Lavie B. , Melo C. , Ottoni G. , Pepe F. , Ségransan D. , Wyttenbach A. 
Published: March 2023

Context. The HEARTS survey aims to probe the upper layers of the atmosphere by detecting resolved sodium doublet lines, a tracer of the temperature gradient, and atmospheric winds. KELT-10b, one of the targets of HEARTS, is a hot-inflated Jupiter with 1.4 RJup and 0.7 MJup. Recently, there was a report of sodium absorption in the atmosphere of KELT-10b (0.66% ± 0.09% (D2) and 0.43% ± 0.09% (D1)); VLT/UVES data from single transit).
Aims. We searched for potential atmospheric species in KELT-10b, focusing on sodium doublet lines (Na I; 589 nm) and the Balmer alpha line (Hα; 656 nm) in the transmission spectrum. Furthermore, we measured the planet-orbital alignment with the spin of its host star.
Methods. We used the Rossiter-McLaughlin Revolutions technique to analyze the local stellar lines occulted by the planet during its transit. We used the standard transmission spectroscopy method to probe the planetary atmosphere, including the correction for telluric lines and the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect on the spectra. We analyzed two new light curves jointly with the public photometry observations.
Results. We do not detect signals in the Na I and H α lines within the uncertainty of our measurements. We derive the 3σ upper limit of excess absorption due to the planetary atmosphere corresponding to equivalent height Rp to 1.8Rp (Na I) and 1.9Rp (H α). The analysis of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect yields the sky-projected spin-orbit angle of the system λ = −5.2 ± 3.4° and the stellar projected equatorial velocity υeqsin i⋆ = 2.58 ± 0.12 km s−1. Photometry results are compatible within 1σ with previous studies.
Conclusions. We found no evidence of Na I and H α, within the precision of our data, in the atmosphere of KELT-10b. Our detection limits allow us to rule out the presence of neutral sodium or excited hydrogen in an escaping extended atmosphere around KELT-10b. We cannot confirm the previous detection of Na I at lower altitudes with VLT/UVES. We note, however, that the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect impacts the transmission spectrum on a smaller scale than the previous detection with UVES. Analysis of the planet-occulted stellar lines shows the sky-projected alignment of the system, which is likely truly aligned due to tidal interactions of the planet with its cool (Teff < 6250 K) host star.
Spectroscopic and evolutionary analyses of the binary system AzV 14 outline paths toward the WR stage at low metallicity
Authors: Pauli D. , Oskinova L. M. , Hamann W.-R. , Bowman D. M. , Todt H. , Shenar T. , Sander A. A. C. , Erba C. , Gómez-González V. M. A. , Kehrig C. , Klencki J. , Kuiper R. , Mehner A. , de Mink S. E. , Oey M. S. , Ramachandran V. , Schootemeijer A. , Reyero Serantes S. , Wofford A. 
Published: March 2023

Context. The origin of the observed population of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in low-metallicity galaxies, such as the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), is not yet understood. Standard, single-star evolutionary models predict that WR stars should stem from very massive O-type star progenitors, but these are very rare. On the other hand, binary evolutionary models predict that WR stars could originate from primary stars in close binaries.
Aims. We conduct an analysis of the massive O star, AzV 14, to spectroscopically determine its fundamental and stellar wind parameters, which are then used to investigate evolutionary paths from the O-type to the WR stage with stellar evolutionary models.
Methods. Multi-epoch UV and optical spectra of AzV 14 are analyzed using the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) stellar atmosphere code PoWR. An optical TESS light curve was extracted and analyzed using the PHOEBE code. The obtained parameters are put into an evolutionary context, using the MESA code.
Results. AzV 14 is a close binary system with a period of P = 3.7058 ± 0.0013 d. The binary consists of two similar main sequence stars with masses of M1, 2 ≈ 32 M⊙. Both stars have weak stellar winds with mass-loss rates of log Ṁ/(M⊙ yr−1) = −7.7 ± 0.2. Binary evolutionary models can explain the empirically derived stellar and orbital parameters, including the position of the AzV 14 components on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, revealing its current age of 3.3 Myr. The model predicts that the primary will evolve into a WR star with Teff ≈ 100 kK, while the secondary, which will accrete significant amounts of mass during the first mass transfer phase, will become a cooler WR star with Teff ≈ 50 kK. Furthermore, WR stars that descend from binary components that have accreted significant amount of mass are predicted to have increased oxygen abundances compared to other WR stars. This model prediction is supported by a spectroscopic analysis of a WR star in the SMC.
Conclusions. Inspired by the binary evolutionary models, we hypothesize that the populations of WR stars in low-metallicity galaxies may have bimodal temperature distributions. Hotter WR stars might originate from primary stars, while cooler WR stars are the evolutionary descendants of the secondary stars if they accreted a significant amount of mass. These results may have wide-ranging implications for our understanding of massive star feedback and binary evolution channels at low metallicity.
Morphology and spectral properties of the DART impact ejecta with VLT/MUSE
Authors: Opitom C. , Murphy B. , Snodgrass C. , Bagnulo S. , Green S. F. , Knight M. M. , de Léon J. , Li J.-Y. , Gardener D. 
Published: March 2023

Context.On September 26, 2022, the NASA DART mission impacted the asteroid Dimorphos, the smaller component of the Didymos binary asteroid system. This provided a unique opportunity to observe, in real time, the evolution of the ejecta cloud produced by the impact and the formation of a tail.Aims.We present observations performed with the MUSE instrument at the Very Large Telescope to characterise the morphology, spectral properties, and evolution of the ejecta. The Didymos system was observed with MUSE on 11 nights from just before impact to almost one month post-impact, using both wide-field observations without adaptive optics and narrow-field observations with adaptive optics.Methods.We produced white light images that were used to study the morphology of the ejecta at different spatial scales. The spectral information was used to search for gas emission from either exposed ice or propellant, and to study the spatial and temporal variation of the ejecta dust reflectance through reflectance maps.Results.We searched for, but did not detect, emission from [OI], Xe, NH2, and H2O+in a 1′×1′ field of view in our observations starting almost 4h after impact. We detected a number of morphological features, including a short-lived ejecta cloud visible on September 27 towards the east, spirals, clumps, and a tail that started forming only a few hours after impact. The analysis of the reflectance maps showed that the initial ejecta was bluer than the system before impact, while the tail and spirals were redder than the initial ejecta, consistent with them being made of larger particles. Over the few weeks following impact, the tail became redder. No significant colour differences could be seen between the clumps and the initial ejecta.
Update Knocheninfektionen
Authors: Meyer-Schwickerath Charlotte , Jochimsen Dorothee , Jung Norma 
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?
Periprothetische Infektionen: Diagnostik, Prothesenerhalt und
Therapielänge. Nach einer neuen Studie kann bei Vorliegen einer hämatogenen
periprothetischen Infektion und weiteren einliegenden Gelenkprothesen, die in der klinischen
Untersuchung unauffällig sind, auf weitere invasive oder bildgebende Diagnostik verzichtet
werden. Periprothetische Infektionen, die spät auftreten (> 3 Monate nach Implantation)
haben ein schlechteres Outcome. Neue Studien versuchen Faktoren zu identifizieren, wann der
Prothesenerhalt weiterhin eine Option ist. Eine neue randomisierte Landmarkstudie aus
Frankreich konnte keine Nichtunterlegenheit für 6 versus 12 Wochen Therapielänge zeigen. Somit
ist anzunehmen, dass dies aktuell der Standard für alle OP-Modalitäten (Erhalt oder Wechsel)
wird. Wünschenswert wären weitere Studien zu dem Thema, die v.a. mehr Patienten mit spätem
Prothesenwechsel betrachten.
Spondylodiszitis: Inzidenz und Erregerprofil. Die
Spondylodiszitis ist eine eher seltene Knocheninfektion, deren Inzidenz in den vergangenen
Jahren aber weiter stark gestiegen ist (erneut fast verdoppelt in 10 Jahren). Betroffen sind
weiterhin vor allem ältere Personen, Männer und komorbide Patienten. Eine retrospektive Studie
aus Korea von Kim et al. gibt Aufschluss über die Erregerverteilung in verschiedenen
Altersgruppen sowie mit verschiedenen Komorbiditäten. Damit hilft sie bei der Einschätzung des
verursachenden Erregers und der Auswahl der empirischen Therapie, wenn die
Erregeridentifizierung vor Therapiestart nicht gelingt. S. aureus ist am häufigsten über alle
Altersgruppen, aber mit Zunahme von Enterokokken und v.a. gram-negativen Erregern bei
Älteren.
Diabetische Fußinfektion: Leitlinien, Diagnostik und Therapielänge.
Die Leitlinien der „International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot“ (IWGDF) wurden
mit leicht veränderter Klassifikation aktualisiert, außerdem hat die Deutsche Diabetes
Gesellschaft neue Handlungsempfehlungen publiziert. Die empirische Therapie richtet sich
weiterhin nach der Schwere der Infektion und weiteren Risikofaktoren (wie Vortherapien,
Ischämie). Die mikrobiologische Diagnostik aus Gewebeproben wird gegenüber Abstrichen als
überlegen beschrieben. Nach einer randomisierten Pilotstudie scheinen 3 Wochen Therapiedauer
bei Osteomyelitis nach Debridement 6 Wochen nicht unterlegen zu sein. Größere randomisierte
Studien zu dem Thema rekrutieren aktuell.
Ambulant erworbene Pneumonie
Authors: Seeger Alexander , Rohde Gernot 
Published: March 2023

Was ist neu?
Risikofaktoren für schwere Verläufe Als Risikoprädiktor wird der
CRB-65-Score empfohlen sowie die Berücksichtigung instabiler Komorbiditäten und der
Oxygenierung.
Gruppeneinteilung der ambulant erworbenen Pneumonie Die ambulant
erworbene Pneumonie wird in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: leichte Pneumonie, mittelschwere Pneumonie,
schwere Pneumonie. Ob ein kuratives vs. palliatives Behandlungsziel besteht, sollte frühzeitig
festgelegt werden.
Diagnostikempfehlung Zur Sicherung der Diagnose wird eine
Röntgen-Thoraxaufnahme empfohlen, möglichst auch im ambulanten Bereich. Alternativ kann eine Sonografie des
Thorax durchgeführt werden, wobei bei negativem Befund weitere Bildgebung empfohlen wird. Streptococcus pneumoniae ist weiterhin der häufigste bakterielle Erreger.
Therapie Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie ist nach wie vor mit
hoher Morbidität und Letalität assoziiert. Eine zügige Diagnosestellung und die umgehende
Einleitung einer risikoadaptierten antimikrobiellen Therapie stellen wesentliche Maßnahmen
dar. In Zeiten von COVID-19, aber auch der aktuellen Influenza- und RSV-Epidemie, muss aber
auch mit rein viralen Pneumonien gerechnet werden. Zumindest bei COVID-19 kann häufig auf ein
Antibiotikum verzichtet werden. Antivirale und entzündungshemmende Medikamente werden hier
eingesetzt.
Postakuter Verlauf Patienten nach ambulant erworbener Pneumonie
haben eine erhöhte Akut- und Langzeitletalität – aufgrund von insbesondere kardiovaskulären
Ereignissen. Das Augenmerk der Forschung liegt auf verbesserter Erregererkennung, einem
besseren Verständnis der Wirtsantwort, mit dem Potenzial der Entwicklung spezifischer
Therapeutika, der Rolle von Komorbiditäten und den Langzeitfolgen der akuten
Erkrankung.
Künstliche Intelligenz zur Indikationsstellung einer invasiven Mikrokalkabklärung im Mammografie-Screening
Authors: Weigel Stefanie , Brehl Anne-Kathrin , Heindel Walter , Kerschke Laura 
Published: March 2023

Ziel Läsionsbezogene Überprüfung der diagnostischen Wertigkeit eines individuellen Algorithmus künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) in der Dignitätsbewertung von mammografisch detektierten und histologisch abgeklärten Mikroverkalkungen.
Material und Methoden Die retrospektive Studie umfasste 634 Frauen mit abgeschlossener invasiver Abklärungsdiagnostik aufgrund von Mikroverkalkungen einer Mammografie-Screening-Einheit (Juli 2012 – Juni 2018). Das KI-System berechnete für jede Läsion einen Score zwischen 0 und 98. Scores > 0 wurden als KI-positiv betrachtet. Die KI-Performance wurde läsionen-spezifisch auf Basis des positiven prädiktiven Werts der umgesetzten invasiven Abklärungsdiagnostik (PPV3), der Rate falsch negativer und richtig negativer KI-Bewertungen evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Der PPV3 stieg über die Befundstufen an (Befunder: 4a: 21,2 %, 4b: 57,7 %, 5: 100 %, gesamt 30,3 %; KI: 4a: 20,8 %, 4b: 57,8 %, 5: 100 %, gesamt: 30,7 %). Die Rate falsch negativer KI-Bewertungen lag bei 7,2 % (95 %-CI: 4,3 %, 11,4 %), die Rate richtig negativer KI-Bewertungen bei 9,1 % (95 %-CI: 6,6 %, 11,9 %). Diese Raten waren mit 12,5 % bzw. 10,4 % in der Befundstufe 4a am größten. Im Median war der KI-Score für benigne Läsionen am geringsten (61, Interquartilsabstand [IQR]: 45–74) und für invasive Mammakarzinome am höchsten (81, IQR: 64–86). Mediane Scores für das duktale Carcinoma in situ waren: 74 beim geringen (IQR: 63–84), 70 (IQR: 52–79) beim intermediären und 74 (IQR: 66–83) beim hohen Kernmalignitätsgrad.
Schlussfolgerung Bei niedrigster Schwelle führt die Mikrokalk-bezogene KI-Bewertung zu einem zur menschlichen Bewertung vergleichbaren Anstieg des PPV3 über die Befundstufen. Der größte KI-bezogene Verlust an Brustkrebsdetektionen liegt bei geringstgradig suspekten Mikroverkalkungen vor mit einer vergleichbaren Einsparung falsch positiver invasiver Abklärungen. Eine Score-bezogene Stratifizierung maligner Läsionen lässt sich nicht ableiten.
Kernaussagen:
Zitierweise