bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐precious Metal Catalysts for Two‐Electron Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Byeon Ayeong , Yun Won Chan , Kim Jong Min , Lee Jae W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHydrogen peroxide has been used in many industrial sectors including applications such as water purification, bleaching, oxidizing agents, and rocket fuels. As the conventional anthraquinone route of hydrogen peroxide production consumes significant energy and generates a substantial amount of chemical waste, an alternative method, the electrochemical production through the two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), has garnered attention on the basis of eco‐friendly in situ synthesis with low energy input. For practical viability, the use of non‐precious metal‐based catalysts is necessary, such as a transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni)‐heteroatom (N, B, O, P, S) moiety or mesoporous structures with efficient mass transfer of the reactants and products from metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). The ORR reaction pathway and the adsorption energy of the reaction intermediate of *OOH are affected by the combination of transition metals and heteroatoms. For the MOF, the interaction between metal and ligands, types of transition metals, and the synergistic effect between the two metal species of metal alloys can alter the ORR activity. This review discusses recently reported non‐precious metal catalysts for the two‐electron ORR focusing on modification of the atomic configuration for increasing the electrocatalytic activity towards the two‐electron ORR.
Border‐hunting optimization for mobile agent‐based intrusion detection with deep convolutional neural network
Authors: Kaur Prabhjot , Batra Shalini , Rana Prashant Singh 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe sensor nodes, which are available in the wireless sensor networks (WSN), are equipped with sensing abilities, and communication. Several domains require the sensor nodes to be arranged in aggressive surroundings, in which observing malicious activities within the sensor network. Therefore, the present research proposes the border‐hunting optimization‐based deep CNN (BHO‐DCNN) for the mobile agent (MA)‐based intrusion detection in WSN. The importance of the research relies on the BHO‐DCNN model for identifying the intrusion available in the network is established by integrating the optimization with its features through a deep classifier for detection in a precise manner. The algorithm follows the communal hierarchy, surrounding, group hunting, and prey attacking, which provides an enhanced rate of convergence in the method of detection. The analysis is achieved through the database IDS 2018 Intrusion CSVs depending on the performance like delay, alive nodes, normalized energy, as well as throughput. The obtained number of alive nodes through the developed BHO‐DCNN algorithm is 45, end‐to‐end delay is 0.2572 ms, normalized energy is 0.1622 J, as well as throughput, is 0.3125% for nodes 50 at the populate rate of 100, respectively.
Uniform Fe2O3Nanospheres Anchored on Multilayer Graphene as Anode Materials for High‐Rate Ni−Fe Batteries
Authors: Xu Junming , Wei Ke , Wu Jianfeng , Wu Jun , Zhou Tao , Cheng J. P. , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractNi−Fe battery is one of prospective aqueous alkaline batteries due to its high safety, eco‐friendliness and cost‐effectiveness. However, the electrochemical performance of Fe‐based anodes is limited due to the particle aggregation and low electric conductivity. In this work, iron powder is used as a precursor in a chemical bath deposition method. By optimizing the concentration of HNO3, a balanced dissolution‐crystallization process is achieved to obtain uniform Fe2O3nanospheres in size between 60 and 90 nm, which are separately anchored on ultrasonically prepared multilayer graphene (MLG). This composite delivers specific discharge capacities of 191.1 and 160.8 mAh g−1at the current densities of 2 and 10 A g−1, respectively. A Ni−Fe battery with the as‐prepared Fe2O3/MLG as anode and Ni(OH)2/MLG as cathode exhibits an energy density of 69.5 Wh kg−1at a high power density of 3931.6 W kg−1.
Experimental study on the characteristics of V‐type arc plasma torch with four electrodes
Authors: Zhang Yunfei , Wang Cheng , Zhu Cheng , Yu Zhaoyu , Li Kuan , Xia Weidong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe arc plasma is widely used in various fields due to its excellent advantages, such as elevated temperature, high enthalpy, and increased energy density. Under this direction, a four‐electrode V‐shaped arc plasma torch was developed to increase both the arc power and plasma volume. The arc dynamic characteristics, the volt‐ampere characteristics, and the thermal efficiency of the arc plasma torch were systematically studied. From the acquired results, a large‐scale, and low‐frequency re‐strike process between the arc channels was demonstrated. Compared with the common twin‐electrode structure, the stability of the four‐electrode structure during the discharging process was improved, exhibiting a wider frequency distribution of the re‐strike events. The electrode layout may also affect the dynamic evolution process of the arc. However, from a statistical point of view, no significant differences in electrical characteristics were recorded. The four‐electrode V‐shaped arc plasma torch presented a typical descending volt‐ampere characteristic, and the re‐strike frequency increased with an increase in the current. A high thermal efficiency (above 83%) was obtained in the range of arc current of 80–200 A. At a current value of 200 A, the jet enthalpy and the average gas temperature can reach 17.41 MJ/kg and 6590 K, and the corresponding jet length was close to 80 cm because of both the high thermal efficiency and enthalpy. The stable discharge process, high thermal efficiency, high jet enthalpy value, and large volume rendered the proposed four‐electrode V‐shaped arc plasma torch to be suitable for various applications including nanomaterial preparation, metal powder spheroidization, etc.
Intra‐nucleus mosaic pattern (InMop) and whole‐cell Haralick combined‐descriptor for identifying and characterizing acute leukemia blasts on single cell peripheral blood images
Authors: Tarquino Jonathan , Arabyarmohammadi Sara , Tejada Rafael Enrique , Madabhushi Anant , Romero Eduardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAcute leukemia is usually diagnosed when a test of peripheral blood shows at least 20% of abnormal immature cells (blasts), a figure even lower in case of recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities. Blast identification is crucial for white blood cell (WBC) counting, which depends on both identifying the cell type and characterizing the cellular morphology, processes susceptible of inter‐ and intraobserver variability. The present work introduces an image combined‐descriptor to detect blasts and determine their probable lineage. This strategy uses an intra‐nucleus mosaic pattern (InMop) descriptor that captures subtle nuclei differences within WBCs, and Haralick's statistics which quantify the local structure of both nucleus and cytoplasm. The InMop captures WBC inner‐nucleus structure by applying a multiscale Shearlet decomposition over a repetitive pattern (mosaic) of automatically‐segmented nuclei. As a complement, Haralick's statistics characterize the local structure of the whole cell from an intensity co‐occurrence matrix representation. Both InMoP and Haralick‐based descriptors are calculated using the b‐channel from Lab color‐space. The combined‐descriptor is assessed by differentiating blasts from nonleukemic cells with support vector machine (SVM) classifiers and different transformation kernels, in two public and independent databases. The first database‐D1 (n =260) is composed of healthy and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) single cell images, and second database‐D2 contains acute myeloid leukemia (AML) blasts (n =3294) and nonblast (n =15,071) cell images. In a first experiment, blasts versus nonblast differentiation is performed by training with a subset of D2 (n =6588) and testing in D1 (n =260), obtaining a training AUC of 0.991 ± 0.002 and AUC = 0.782 for the independent validation. A second experiment automatically differentiates AML blasts (260 images from D2) from ALL blasts (260 images from D1), with an AUC of 0.93. In a third experiment, state‐of‐the‐art strategies, VGG16 and RESNEXT convolutional neural networks (CNN), separate blast from nonblast cells in both databases. The VGG16 showed an AUC of 0.673 and the RESNEXT of 0.75. Reported metrics for all the experiments are area under the ROC curve (AUC), accuracy and F1‐score.
Nomogram for predicting cardiac death and heart transplantation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Luo Yiju , Chen Xin , Zhang Yuhua , Zhang Qianhuan , Liu Fangzhou , Luo Guanhao , Wu Shulin , Xue Yumei , Deng Hai , Jiang Fengyu , Chen Zien , Liu Yang , Liao Hongtao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsIn this study, we aimed to develop and validate a competing risk nomogram for predicting cardiac death and heart transplantation (HT) in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 149 consecutive patients with ARVC diagnosed at our institution between 2008 and 2022. Cox proportional hazards model was primarily used to identify variables associated with cardiac death and HT. On the basis of these indicators, a competing risk nomogram was developed to predict the 1, 3, and 5 year probabilities of cardiac death and HT. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), Harrell's C‐index, and calibration curves were used to evaluate and internally validate the performance of the model. Decision curve analysis was performed to assess the clinical utility of the nomogram.ResultOf the 149 patients with ARVC, the mean age was 38.77 ± 15.94 years, and most of the patients were men (67.11%, 100/149). Fourteen patients experienced cardiac death and nine underwent HT, during a median follow‐up period of 5.8 years (interquartile range, 0.62–5.56 years). Multivariable COX analysis revealed that extent of TWI in the anterior and inferior leads (P = 0.0057), right atrial diameter on transthoracic echocardiography (P = 0.0498), RVEF (P = 0.1036), and LVEF (P < 0.001) all showed statistical significance. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year cumulative incidence of cardiac death and HT were 3.35%, 8.05%, and 11.4%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the nomogram for predicting cardiac death and HT at 1, 3, and 5 years after diagnosis of ARVC were 0.860, 0.935, and 0.956. The value of Harrell's C‐index is 0.9273 (95% confidence interval 0.8954–0.9590; P < 0.001), indicating that the model had good discriminative ability in internal validation. Decision curve analysis revealed that our model was clinically useful within the entire range of potential treatment thresholds in most cases. The cumulative incidence of the primary outcomes was significantly different between the three risk groups according to nomogram‐derived scores (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOn the basis of a retrospective review of patients with ARVC at a single centre, we developed a novel nomogram for predicting the risk of cardiac death and HT after ARVC diagnosis. This competing risk nomogram based on four readily available clinical parameters (right atrial diameter, right and left ventricular ejection fraction, and T‐wave inversion) is a potentially useful tool for individualized prognostic assessment in patients with ARVC.
miRNA‐103‐3p‐Hlf regulates apoptosis and autophagy by targeting hepatic leukaemia factor in heart failure
Authors: Xue Pengcheng , Liu Yang , Wang Haifeng , Huang Junling , Luo Ming 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsCardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important factor leading to the occurrence and development of heart failure (HF), which is associated with high mortality of patients with cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of HF in terms of expression and regulation patterns using bioinformatics and experimental validation.Methods and resultsTwo HF datasets were collected: a dataset GSE112056 downloaded from the GEO database (including mRNA and miRNA sequencing data) and another is the laboratory‐owned mRNA dataset. Differential mRNAs and miRNAs in the two datasets were screened using the raw Bayesian approach method. Gene Ontology was used to perform functional enrichment analysis of the differential mRNAs and co‐expression network analysis of the differential mRNAs, combined with nuclear transcription factors in the differential miRNAs and mRNAs for target gene prediction. A HF cell model was constructed using mouse cardiomyocytes (HL‐1), and the role and mechanism of miRNA‐103‐3p‐Hlf (hepatic leukaemia factor) in the process of HF was verified by cell transfection, luciferase reporter gene, WB, and qPCR. We found that Hlf gene expression was decreased in the HF model group and strongly correlated with FYCO1 (FYVE and coiled‐coil domain‐containing protein 1) gene, a phenomenon enriched in apoptotic autophagy‐related pathways. MiR‐103‐3p expression was up‐regulated in the HF model group, and its targeting correlation with Hlf was confirmed by luciferase activity assay. In the HL‐1 cell model, miR‐103‐3p significantly promoted apoptosis and inhibited autophagy in HL‐1 cells (all P < 0.05), and overexpression of the Hlf gene reversed this phenomenon, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting autophagy in HL‐1 cells (all P < 0.05).ConclusionsMiR‐103‐3p affects myocardial cells apoptosis and autophagy by targeting Hlf, playing as a potential therapeutic biomarker for HF progression.
Monofluoromethylation of Cyclic Sulfamidates and Sulfates with α‐Fluorocarbanions of Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane and Ethyl 2‐Fluoroacetoacetate
Authors: Zeng Jun‐Liang , Niu Liangfeng , Wang Zhiwen , Wei Renjie , Cahard Dominique 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA regioselective fluoromethylation by ring‐opening of cyclic sulfamidates and sulfates with α‐fluorocarbanions and subsequent reductive desulfonylation is developed. Fluorobis(phenylsulfonyl)methane (FBSM) was explored as fluoromethide equivalent and the reaction was extended to the α‐fluorocarbanion of ethyl 2‐fluoroacetoacetate. This approach allows access to γ‐ and δ‐fluoroamines as well as γ‐ and δ‐fluoroalcohols in high yields.
Personalized pain assessment: What does ‘acceptable pain’ mean to you?
Authors: Forget Patrice , Kahtan Hanaa , Jordan Abbie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhat ‘acceptable pain’ means may be different for everyone and dependent on the moment and the context. In this text, we explore the concepts of pain acceptability and acceptance. We explain why we need to better explore (un)acceptable pain, to eventually facilitate pain assessment and management.MethodsUsing different approaches and perspectives (with examples and application from multiple disciplines, i.e. orthopaedics, psychology, pharmacological therapy), we discussed anecdotal examples and included a systematic, scoping and literature review.ResultsWe rejected the idea that in the context of chronic pain, acceptability, disability and manageability overlap neatly. Additionally, we rejected the validity of pain intensity rating scales to sufficiently explore individuals' experience of pain. In the one study that met our criteria, a definition of ‘acceptable pain’ was dropped as participants deemed it inappropriate because it did not address the significant challenges associated with pain. This is important, however, because the acceptability of pain may precede, follow and/or inform the ‘pain acceptance’ process, which is an important concept associated with better outcomes.ConclusionsVery little is known regarding what ‘acceptable pain’ may mean to people living with pain. Qualitative studies may improve our understanding of individuals' perceptions, perspectives and expectations as we do not know, for the moment, what ‘acceptable pain’ may mean to a particular person and, potentially, regarding a specific treatment or other contextual aspects that are not captured with currently used scores and quantitative measures.SignificanceWhat does ‘acceptable pain’ mean may differ between people with painful experiences and may depend on contextual factors. Pain acceptability may be distinct from manageability, and may precede, follow and/or inform the ‘pain acceptance’ process. This text, rigorously based on a review of the existing literature, defends the idea that acceptable pain should be better studied.
Research on gob‐side entry‐retaining technology with coal rib and corner strengthened support in soft rock strata
Authors: Li Tingchun , Zhu Qingwen , Lou Qingnan , Zhang Hao , Ran Jinlin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gob‐side entry‐retaining by roof cutting and pressure relief (GERRC) method is an advanced no‐pillar mining method that can significantly improve coal recovery and reduce roadway accidents. However, according to case studies, there is relatively little research on the application of the GERRC method in geological conditions of soft rock formations (especially when the roof and floor are both mudstone), and such research is needed. Therefore, based on the typical soft strata of the Xinyi Coal Mine, this paper analyzes the failure mechanism of the roadways and proposes the GERRC method with coal rib and corner strengthened support (CRCSS). The evaluation indexes of the roof convergence rate and cable safety margin are established, and the effects of roof cutting and CRCSS on roadway deformation control are explored by a numerical comparison test. The results show that roof cutting has a limited effect on roadway deformation. The deformation can be reduced by 75.77% by implementing CRCSS on the basis of GERRC. Then, the evolution characteristics of roadway stress and deformation in the process of mining are further discussed through field contrast tests. The field application results show that compared with that of GERRC with conventional support, the surrounding rock deformation of GERRC with CRCSS is reduced by more than 55%, the safety margin of the cable is improved. The overpressure of the hydraulic prop is diminished, and the stability distance of the roadway is reduced by approximately 30%. Finally, this paper discusses the mechanism to control roadway deformation by CRCSS. This research expounds the rationality of CRCSS, and the results can provide a reference for other situations with similar geological conditions.
Effects of diets containing grape pomace on the growth, nutrition indices, and the quality traits of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Mahmoodi Barzan , Aberoumand Ali , Ziaei‐nejad Saeed , Seyyedi Sadra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe fish diet is one of the essential factors in the development of aquaculture. The purpose of present study was to evaluate using grape pomace as a main feed ingredient on growth performance, body chemical composition, survival rate, and morphological indices of the carp (Cyprinus carpio). 200 fish with an average weight of 7 ± 0.4 g were randomly distributed in four tanks for total of 56 days. The fish were fed with a diet containing 5%, 10%, and 15% grape pomace in different feeding groups designated as G1, G2, and G3. The average daily weight gain (g), weights gain (g), and specific growth rate (%) were significantly higher (p < .05) in G3 as compared to G1 and G2 groups. The lowest feed conversion ratio was recorded in G3 group. The morphological indices, condition factors, viscerosomatic index, and hepatosomatic index were significantly higher in G3 group as compared to other treatments. The protein, fat, moisture, and ash contents in the C. carpio fillets were significantly influenced by feeding rate. The results showed that grape pomace had a positive effect on growth, survival, and nutritional indices in the carp fish. According to the obtained results, grape pomace (150 g/kg food) can be considered as the diet component for the carp fish.
Infrared spectra of mixtures of heated and unheated clay: Solving an interpretational conundrum
Authors: Ogloblin Ramirez Isaac , Dunseth Zachary C. , Shalem Dina , Shahack‐Gross Ruth 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is frequently used for archaeological studies related to fire, allowing, among other things, researchers to distinguish between unheated and heated clay minerals. However, heat signatures are not always clear‐cut in infrared spectra of bulk sediments, as spectra occasionally appear with ambiguous absorbance bands attributed to hydroxyl (OH) in clay minerals. This paper presents an experimental study addressing this interpretational problem by considering the effect of mixtures of heated and unheated clay, a phenomenon expected in archaeological sites. After creating experimental mixtures and testing them using bulk FTIR spectroscopy, our results indicate that even a relatively small amount of unheated clay—only ca. 5%–10% mixed into a fully heated deposit—will result in ambiguous infrared spectra that are difficult to interpret. For comparison, ambiguous bulk FTIR spectra from two archaeological contexts—an ashy fill within a pit installation and a hearth—were studied with FTIR microspectroscopy, which demonstrated the presence of unheated clay within a largely heated deposit. Micromorphological observations explain the mixed nature of the investigated archaeological contexts, in this case, primarily via bioturbation. Our results thus emphasize the importance of microcontextual analysis of clay minerals. Furthermore, these results indicate that heated deposits are likely missed altogether in some archaeological contexts where only bulk FTIR analyses have been conducted.
What matters most: Exploring the everyday lives of people with dementia
Authors: Huizenga Jacoba , Scheffelaar Aukelien , Bleijenberg Nienke , Wilken Jean Pierre , Keady John , Van Regenmortel Tine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesResearch on what matters most to people with dementia is crucial for developing tailored interventions and support. This study explored how people with dementia experience their everyday lives, providing insight into what is important to them to live the best they can at home.MethodsInspired by a phenomenological approach, open interviews were conducted with 15 people with dementia, supplemented by home tours and walking interviews. Data collection included one to three sessions per participant. Data were analysed using descriptive content analysis and followed the phases of open, axial, and selective coding. A co‐researcher group of seven people with dementia was consulted during the analysis to help interpret the emergent findings.FindingsSix dimensions of what matters most in everyday life were identified: 1) Engaging in meaningful activities, which included routines, household chores, leisure, day activities, and volunteering or work; 2) Keeping a sense of connection, in relationships within the home, with family, friends, groups, and the neighbourhood; 3) Having a sense of belonging, which included attachments inside and outside the home, and to cherished objects; 4) Connecting to self, which included the ability to reflect on past experiences, live in the present moment and anticipate the future; 5) Adjusting to ongoing changes, which included alterations in sensory perceptions, perceptions of the physical environment, and navigating shifts in interpersonal dynamics; 6) Being open to help and support, from professionals, community and society.ConclusionsFor people with dementia, everyday life is a continuous balancing act between what matters most and what can be achieved daily. This is not only related to dementia but is also embedded in the wider perspective of life history, relational networks, and the physical environment. This study highlights the importance of identifying what matters most to people with dementia to provide person‐centred support.