bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal mapping of regional brain vulnerability to focal cortical dysplasia
Authors: Lee Hyo M , Hong Seok-Jun , Gill Ravnoor , Caldairou Benoit , Wang Irene , Zhang Jian-guo , Deleo Francesco , Schrader Dewi , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guye Maxime , Cho Kyoo Ho , Barba Carmen , Sisodiya Sanjay , Jackson Graeme , Hogan R Edward , Wong-Kisiel Lily , Cascino Gregory D , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , Lopes-Cendes Iscia , Cendes Fernando , Guerrini Renzo , Bernhardt Boris , Bernasconi Neda , Bernasconi Andrea 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFocal cortical dysplasia (FCD) type II is a highly epileptogenic developmental malformation and a common cause of surgically treated drug-resistant epilepsy. While clinical observations suggest frequent occurrence in the frontal lobe, mechanisms for such propensity remain unexplored. Here, we hypothesized that cortex-wide spatial associations of FCD distribution with cortical cytoarchitecture, gene expression and organizational axes may offer complementary insights into processes that predispose given cortical regions to harbour FCD.We mapped the cortex-wide MRI distribution of FCDs in 337 patients collected from 13 sites worldwide. We then determined its associations with (i) cytoarchitectural features using histological atlases by Von Economo and Koskinas and BigBrain; (ii) whole-brain gene expression and spatiotemporal dynamics from prenatal to adulthood stages using the Allen Human Brain Atlas and PsychENCODE BrainSpan; and (iii) macroscale developmental axes of cortical organization.FCD lesions were preferentially located in the prefrontal and fronto-limbic cortices typified by low neuron density, large soma and thick grey matter. Transcriptomic associations with FCD distribution uncovered a prenatal component related to neuroglial proliferation and differentiation, likely accounting for the dysplastic makeup, and a postnatal component related to synaptogenesis and circuit organization, possibly contributing to circuit-level hyperexcitability. FCD distribution showed a strong association with the anterior region of the antero-posterior axis derived from heritability analysis of interregional structural covariance of cortical thickness, but not with structural and functional hierarchical axes. Reliability of all results was confirmed through resampling techniques.Multimodal associations with cytoarchitecture, gene expression and axes of cortical organization indicate that prenatal neurogenesis and postnatal synaptogenesis may be key points of developmental vulnerability of the frontal lobe to FCD. Concordant with a causal role of atypical neuroglial proliferation and growth, our results indicate that FCD-vulnerable cortices display properties indicative of earlier termination of neurogenesis and initiation of cell growth. They also suggest a potential contribution of aberrant postnatal synaptogenesis and circuit development to FCD epileptogenicity.
Can machine learning unravel unsuspected, clinically important factors predictive of long-term mortality in complex coronary artery disease? A call for ‘big data’
Authors: Ninomiya Kai , Kageyama Shigetaka , Garg Scot , Masuda Shinichiro , Kotoku Nozomi , Revaiah Pruthvi C , O’leary Neil , Onuma Yoshinobu , Serruys Patrick W ,   for the SYNTAX Extended Survival Investigators
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Aims
Risk stratification and individual risk prediction play a key role in making treatment decisions in patients with complex coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess whether machine learning (ML) algorithms can improve discriminative ability and identify unsuspected, but potentially important, factors in the prediction of long-term mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with complex CAD.

Methods and results
To predict long-term mortality, the ML algorisms were applied to the SYNTAXES database with 75 pre-procedural variables including demographic and clinical factors, blood sampling, imaging, and patient-reported outcomes. The discriminative ability and feature importance of the ML model was assessed in the derivation cohort of the SYNTAXES trial using a 10-fold cross-validation approach. The ML model showed an acceptable discrimination (area under the curve = 0.76) in cross-validation. C-reactive protein, patient-reported pre-procedural mental status, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and HbA1c were identified as important variables predicting 10-year mortality.

Conclusion
The ML algorithms disclosed unsuspected, but potentially important prognostic factors of very long-term mortality among patients with CAD. A ‘mega-analysis’ based on large randomized or non-randomized data, the so-called ‘big data’, may be warranted to confirm these findings.

Clinical Trial Registration
SYNTAXES ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT03417050, SYNTAX ClinicalTrials.gov reference: NCT00114972
Promoting condom negotiation self-efficacy among young women in China: the effects of traditional sexual values and descriptive norms
Authors: Zhang Lin , Mou Yi , Zhang Lianshan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study attempts to design effective messages to promote condom negotiation self-efficacy and safer sex intent among young women in China. An online experiment with 2 (descriptive norm: present versus absent) × 2 (traditional sexual value: high versus low) between-subjects factorial design was conducted on a purposive sample of 241 female Chinese college students. The results demonstrated that culturally tailored messages incorporating descriptive norms information on the popularity of condom negotiation can increase participants’ self-efficacy (F(1,237) = 9.01, partial η2 = 0.04, P = 0.003) but not safer sex intent (F(1,237) = 2.80, partial η2 = 0.01, P = 0.096). Participants with a lower level of traditional sexual values had similar levels of condom negotiation self-efficacy as those with a higher level of values: F(1,237) = 2.85, partial η2 = 0.01, P = 0.09. There were no significant interaction effects of traditional sexual value and descriptive norm on condom negotiation self-efficacy and safer sex intent. The findings contribute to the cultural sensitivity perspective in health education in an Eastern context and have implications for public health practitioners and policymakers.
Integrator complex subunit 15 controls mRNA splicing and is critical for eye development
Authors: Azuma Noriyuki , Yokoi Tadashi , Tanaka Taku , Matsuzaka Emiko , Saida Yuki , Nishina Sachiko , Terao Miho , Takada Shuji , Fukami Maki , Okamura Kohji , Maehara Kayoko , Yamasaki Tokiwa , Hirayama Jun , Nishina Hiroshi , Handa Hiroshi , Yamaguchi Yuki 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The eye and brain are composed of elaborately organized tissues, development of which is supported by spatiotemporally precise expression of a number of transcription factors and developmental regulators. Here we report the molecular and genetic characterization of Integrator complex subunit 15 (INTS15). INTS15 was identified in search for the causative gene(s) for an autosomal-dominant eye disease with variable individual manifestation found in a large pedigree. While homozygous Ints15 knockout mice are embryonic lethal, mutant mice lacking a small C-terminal region of Ints15 show ocular malformations similar to the human patients. INTS15 is highly expressed in the eye and brain during embryogenesis and stably interacts with the Integrator complex to support small nuclear RNA 3′ end processing. Its knockdown resulted in missplicing of a large number of genes, probably as a secondary consequence, and substantially affected genes associated with eye and brain development. Moreover, studies using human iPS cells-derived neural progenitor cells showed that INTS15 is critical for axonal outgrowth in retinal ganglion cells. This study suggests a new link between general transcription machinery and a highly specific hereditary disease.
Setting of the tentative epidemiological cut-off values of contezolid forStaphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium,Streptococcus pneumoniaeandStreptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Guo Yan , Han Renru , Zhang Ge , Yang Qiwen , Xue Feng , Li Yun , Zhu Demei , Hu Fupin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo set the tentative epidemiological cut-off values (TECOFFs) of contezolid for Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus agalactiae based on the distributions of inhibition zone diameters and MICs.MethodsA total of 1358 non-duplicate clinical isolates of Gram-positive bacteria were collected from the patients across China from 2017 to 2020. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to contezolid and the comparator linezolid by broth microdilution and disc diffusion methods in three microbiology laboratories. The zone diameters and MICs of linezolid WT strains were used to set the WT TECOFFs of contezolid by normalized resistance interpretation calculations.ResultsContezolid showed an aggregate MIC range from 0.03 to 8 mg/L and MIC90 value of 1–2 mg/L against all of the Gram-positive bacterial strains tested. The TECOFF of contezolid based on MIC distributions was 4 mg/L for both S. aureus and Enterococcus species, and 2 mg/L for S. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae. The TECOFF of contezolid based on zone diameter was 24 mm for S. aureus, 18 mm for E. faecalis, 20 mm for E. faecium and S. pneumoniae, and 17 mm for S. agalactiae.ConclusionsThe epidemiological cut-off values of contezolid were set tentatively for selected Gram-positive bacteria using the MIC and zone diameter distributions. These data are helpful for clinical microbiologists and clinicians to interpret the antimicrobial susceptibility results of contezolid.
Plasma protein binding of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients: can we predict unbound fractions?
Authors: Ewoldt Tim M J , Bahmany Soma , Abdulla Alan , Muller Anouk E , Endeman Henrik , Koch Birgit C P 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundStandard antibiotic dosing is not suitable for critically ill patients, due to altered pharmacokinetics (PK) in these patients. Knowledge of protein binding is important for optimizing antibiotic exposure because only the unbound fraction is pharmacologically active. If unbound fractions can be predicted, minimal sampling techniques and less costly methods can be routinely used.MethodsData from the DOLPHIN trial, a prospective randomized clinical trial that included critically ill patients, were used. Total and unbound ceftriaxone concentrations were determined using a validated UPLC-MS/MS method. A non-linear saturable binding model was made using 75% of the trough concentrations and validated on the remaining data. Our model and previously published models were tested for their performance for subtherapeutic (&lt;1 mg/L) and high (&gt;10 mg/L) unbound concentrations.ResultsIn total, 113 patients were sampled [Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation version 4 (APACHE IV) score 71 (IQR 55–87), albumin 28 g/L (IQR 24–32)]. This resulted in 439 samples (trough = 224, peak = 215). Unbound fractions were significantly different between samples taken at trough and peak times [10.9% (IQR 7.9–16.4) versus 19.7% (IQR 12.9–26.6), P &lt; 0.0001], which was not explained by concentration differences. Our model and most literature models showed good sensitivity and low specificity to determine high and subtherapeutic ceftriaxone trough concentrations using only the total ceftriaxone and albumin concentrations.ConclusionsCeftriaxone protein binding is not concentration related in critically ill patients. Existing models show good ability to predict high concentrations, but low specificity in predicting subtherapeutic concentrations.
The Hazel Stem Borer,Agrilus pseudocoryli(Coleoptera: Buprestidae), as a Pest of Hybrid Hazelnuts
Authors: Perish Patrick K , Shanovich Hailey N , Koch Alexa N , Lindsey Amelia R I , Aukema Brian H 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNuts from hybrid hazels (Corylus americana Walter × Corylus avellana L.) are a burgeoning, novel industry for the Great Lakes region of the United States. As such, scant information exists about the pest complex, although stem-boring beetles in the genus Agrilus Curtis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) have been noted by growers as potential pests. Here, we report results of a comprehensive survey of 186 plants in a hybrid hazel planting consisting of nine cultivars in southeastern Minnesota affected by stem borers. Sixteen percent of the hybrid hazel plants exhibited between 25 and 100% buprestid associated dieback. Morphological and molecular identification of the adult and larval buprestids colonizing hybrid hazel plants revealed that the hazel stem borer, Agrilus pseudocoryli Fisher, was the only species present. Adult A. pseudocoryli were observed on plants between 8 June and 13 July 2021. Plants with higher damage ratings from the hazel stem borer were more likely to exhibit signs of eastern filbert blight (Anisogramma anomala Peck), a fungal pathogen virulent to C. avellana. Some hazel cultivars were more susceptible to damage from stem borers than others. Taken together, our findings suggest that the hazel stem borer has the potential to impact hybrid hazelnut yield. We speculate that a regional drought may have promoted increased populations of the hazel stem borer, as native Agrilus species are often secondary pests that become problematic when environmental stresses decrease host resistance. More research is needed to elucidate interactions between hazels, buprestid pests, and environmental conditions to predict impacts on crop yields.
Morphological Variation in Bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) (Hymenoptera:Apidae) After Three Decades of an Island Invasion
Authors: Kardum Hjort Cecilia , Smith Henrik G , Allen Andrew P , Dudaniec Rachael Y 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroduced social insects can be highly invasive outside of their native range. Around the world, the introduction and establishment of the eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) has negatively impacted native pollinators and ecosystems. Understanding how morphological variation is linked to environmental variation across invasive ranges can indicate how rapidly species may be diverging or adapting across novel ranges and may assist with predicting future establishment and spread. Here we investigate whether B. terrestris shows morphological variation related to environmental variation across the island of Tasmania (Australia) where it was introduced three decades ago. We collected 169 workers from 16 sites across Tasmania and related relative abundance and morphology to landscape-wide climate, land use, and vegetation structure. We found weak morphological divergence related to environmental conditions across Tasmania. Body size of B. terrestris was positively associated with the percentage of urban land cover, a relationship largely driven by a single site, possibly reflecting high resource availability in urban areas. Proboscis length showed a significant negative relationship with the percentage of pasture. Wing loading and local abundance were not related to the environmental conditions within sites. Our results reflect the highly adaptable nature of B. terrestris and its ability to thrive in different environments, which may have facilitated the bumblebee’s successful invasion across Tasmania.
Testing the accuracy of likelihoods for cluster abundance cosmology
Authors: Payerne C , Murray C , Combet C , Doux C , Fumagalli A , Penna-Lima M 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe abundance of galaxy clusters is a sensitive probe to the amplitude of matter density fluctuations, the total amount of matter in the Universe as well as its expansion history. Inferring correct values and accurate uncertainties of cosmological parameters requires accurate knowledge of cluster abundance statistics, encoded in the likelihood function. In this paper, we test the accuracy of cluster abundance likelihoods used in the literature, namely the Poisson and Gaussian likelihoods as well as the more complete description of the Gauss–Poisson Compound likelihood. This is repeated for a variety of binning choices and analysis setups. In order to evaluate the accuracy of a given likelihood, this work compares individual posterior covariances to the covariance of estimators over the 1000 simulated dark matter halo catalogues obtained from PINOCCHIO algorithm. We find that for Rubin/LSST and Euclid-like surveys the Gaussian likelihood gives robust constraints over a large range of binning choices. The Poisson likelihood, that does not account for sample covariance, always underestimates the errors on the parameters, even when the sample volume is reduced or only high-mass clusters are considered. We find no benefit in using the more complex Gauss–Poisson Compound likelihood as it gives essentially the same results as the Gaussian likelihood, but at a greater computational cost. Finally, in this ideal setup, we note only a small gain on the parameter error bars when using a large number of bins in the mass–redshift plane.
Substructure, supernovae, and a time-resolved star formation history for Upper Scorpius
Authors: Briceño-Morales Geovanny , Chanamé Julio 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
The improved astrometry precision of Gaia-eDR3 allows us to perform a detailed study of the Upper Scorpius OB association and revisit its spatial, kinematic, and age substructure. We achieve this by combining clustering techniques and complementing with age estimations based on Gaia photometry. Our census retrieves 3661 candidate members for Upper Scorpius with contamination ∼9 per cent. We also extract an astrometrically clean sample of 3004 sources with contamination ∼6 per cent. We show that Upper Scorpius can be divided into at least three main kinematic groups. We systematically investigate and characterize the Upper Scorpius’ internal structure, revealing that at least ∼34 per cent of its stellar populations are contained in seven spatial substructures, with well defined boundaries, kinematics, and relative ages with suggested names: π Scorpii (20 $^{\pm 2}_{\pm 1}$ Myr), α Scorpii (14$^{\pm 2}_{\pm 1}$ Myr), δ Scorpii (9$^{\pm 2}_{\pm 1}$ Myr), β Scorpii (8$^{\pm 1}_{\pm 1}$ Myr), ω Scorpii (8$^{\pm 1}_{\pm 1}$ Myr), ν Scorpii (7$^{\pm 1}_{\pm 1}$ Myr), after their brightest member, and the well known ρ Ophiuchi (4$^{\pm 1}_{\pm 1}$ Myr). We find a clear correlation in (1) density-age, providing an empirical expansion law to be tested in other associations, and (2) tangential velocity-age, providing constrains on the dynamics of these substructures and the position of potential past triggering events. We estimate the time at which four potential supernovae events occurred in Upper Scorpius. Based on these findings, we tie together previous work on the region and suggest a star formation history with unprecedented temporal resolution.
On the observability of recurrent nova super-remnants
Authors: Healy-Kalesh M W , Darnley M J , Harvey É J , Copperwheat C M , James P A , Andersson T , Henze M , O’Brien T J 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe nova super-remnant (NSR) surrounding M 31N 2008-12a (12a), the annually erupting recurrent nova (RN), is the only known example of this phenomenon. As this structure has grown as a result of frequent eruptions from 12a, we might expect to see NSRs around other RNe; this would confirm the RN–NSR association and strengthen the connection between novae and type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) as NSRs centred on SN Ia provide a lasting, unequivocal signpost to the single degenerate progenitor type of that explosion. The only previous NSR simulation used identical eruptions from a static white dwarf (WD). In this Paper, we simulate the growth of NSRs alongside the natural growth/erosion of the central WD, within a range of environments, accretion rates, WD temperatures, and initial WD masses. The subsequent evolving eruptions create dynamic NSRs tens of parsecs in radius comprising a low-density cavity, bordered by a hot ejecta pile-up region, and surrounded by a cool high-density, thin, shell. Higher density environments restrict NSR size, as do higher accretion rates, whereas the WD temperature and initial mass have less impact. NSRs form around growing or eroding WDs, indicating that NSRs also exist around old novae with low-mass WDs. Observables such as X-ray and H α emission from the modelled NSRs are derived to aid searches for more examples; only NSRs around high accretion rate novae will currently be observable. The observed properties of the 12a NSR can be reproduced when considering both the dynamically grown NSR and photoionization by the nova system.
Functional analysis of polymorphism haplotypes of MGMT in residents of high background radiation area
Authors: Zhou Linqian , Zhang Sufen , Huang WeiXu , Zhang Lingyu , Cai Yashi , Ke Weiyi , Cai Lina , Zou Jianming , Chen Huifeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To investigate the distribution of polymorphisms and their frequent haplotypes in the regulatory region of MGMT in residents of high background radiation area (HBRA) and their impacts on transcriptional activity, we collected DNA samples from 83 healthy Chinese residents in HBRA and searched for genetic polymorphisms in the regulatory region of MGMT. Haplotypes were characterized by Haploview analysis. Transcriptional activities of different polymorphism haplotypes were detected by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Six genetic polymorphisms were identified within the regulatory region (1024 bp) of MGMT. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns and haplotype profiles were analyzed using the identified genetic polymorphisms. These polymorphisms we found to be in high LD, with a Dʹ of 0.928 (r2 = 0.581) for −808 T&gt;C and −19 C&gt;T, 0.928 (r2 = 0.581) for −797 G&gt;A and −19 C&gt;T in Han Chinese HBRA residents. Complete LD with a Dʹ of 1.0 (r2 = 1.0) was observed between −808 T&gt;C and −797 G&gt;A. Haploview analysis revealed the existence of three polymorphism haplotypes in the core region of regulatory region of MGMT. Using serially truncated regulatory region of human MGMT luciferase reporter gene constructs, we found a 1002 bp (−637 nt to +365 nt) fragment in the MGMT gene was the core region. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that different polymorphism haplotypes bearing different variant alleles exhibit distinct transcriptional activities, especially the polymorphism haplotype carrying −19 T has the strongest transcriptional activity. In summary, the present study obtained genetic characteristics of the six polymorphisms in the regulatory region of the MGMT gene in HBRA residents, and the results suggest that different polymorphism haplotypes have significant effects on the transcriptional activity of the MGMT and that the −19 C&gt;T polymorphism may be a functional variant involved in the transcriptional regulation of the MGMT gene.