bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of large sized reed fillers on properties and degradability of PBAT composites
Authors: Xie Liangke , Huang Juncheng , Xu Hongguang , Feng Chengqi , Na Haining , Liu Fei , Xue Lixin , Zhu Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this paper, large‐size reeds were introduced into PBAT to prepare high‐performance biodegradable composites by high‐speed blending without compatibilizer. Subsequently, the effects of large‐size reeds on the composite properties and biodegradation behavior were further investigated. The length of the reed in composites reaches to ~1.88 mm. It was found that all composites showed larger modulus and flexural strength than PBAT, and a significant increase in heat deflection temperature. By mixing 60% reed and PBAT, the bending strength, bending modulus, and heat deflection temperature reached 23.9 ± 0.4 MPa, 1237 ± 143 MPa, and 71.8°C, respectively. Biodegradation tests showed that the primary bond‐breaking site of PBAT was the C=O group. Compared with pure PBAT, the composites exhibited more significant mass loss, decreased thermal stability, increased melting point, and decreased crystallinity during degradation. A surface erosion degradation model for the composites was proposed. The research provides a scientific basis for applying high‐performance biodegradable composites to biodegradable blister and injection molded products.
Selective Dual‐Ion Modulation in Solid‐State Magnetoelectric Heterojunctions for In‐Memory Encryption
Authors: Ye Xiaoyu , Zhu Xiaojian , Yang Huali , Duan Jipeng , Gao Shuang , Sun Cui , Liu Xuerong , Li Run‐Wei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNanoionic technologies are identified as a promising approach to modulating the physical properties of solid‐state dielectrics, which have resulted in various emergent nanodevices, such as nanoionic resistive switching devices and magnetoionic devices for memory and computing applications. Previous studies are limited to single‐type ion manipulation, and the investigation of multiple‐type ion modulation on the coupled magnetoelectric effects, for developing information devices with multiple integrated functionalities, remains elusive. Here, a dual‐ion solid‐state magnetoelectric heterojunction based on Pt/HfO2−x/NiOy/Ni with reconfigurable magnetoresistance (MR) characteristics is reported for in‐memory encryption. It is shown that the oxygen anions and nickel cations can be selectively driven by voltages with controlled polarity and intensity, which concurrently change the overall electrical resistance and the interfacial magnetic coupling, thus significantly modulate the MR symmetry. Based on this device, a magnetoelectric memory prototype array with in‐memory encryption functionality is designed for the secure storage of image and digit information. Along with the advantages including simple structure, multistate encryption, good reversibility, and nonvolatile modulation capability, this proof‐of‐concept device opens new avenues toward next‐generation compact electronics with integrated information functionalities.
Exploration of cultural norms and behavioural beliefs about zoo animal behaviour, welfare, ethics and husbandry practices in a sample of the international zoo community
Authors: Bacon Heather , Bell Catriona , Dwyer Cathy M. , Waran Natalie , Qing Yan , Xia Liu , Shaw Darren J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBeliefs influence the intentions of people to behave in certain ways towards animals. This study presents survey responses from 237 people working in zoos in China and Europe and describes their demographic characteristics. It explores their beliefs about zoo animal behaviour, welfare and ethical issues, and zoo practices, using a survey methodology. These beliefs may be influenced by individual demographic or cultural factors such as age, gender and region of employment, as well as experiential or situative ‘norms’ within the work environment. Beliefs were significantly influenced by the region of employment with Chinese respondents beliefs being significantly different to beliefs from respondents in the United Kingdom or the rest of Europe. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the survey generated clusters of people from both regions who indicated positive beliefs about zoo animal welfare as well as clu sters indicating a lack of understanding of some zoo animal welfare issues. In addition, a cluster suggesting cognitive dissonance between beliefs about animals welfare and zoo practices was generated from Chinese responses. Factor analysis identified that prioritisation of in‐situ conservation within good animal welfare was a key feature in Chinese respondents, whereas European beliefs prioritising in‐situ conservation were distinct from those on supporting good animal welfare. This paper identifies similarities and differences in beliefs about zoo animal welfare and zoo husbandry practices between Europe and China, and discusses the underlying norms and values that these beliefs may reflect.
Big Data and Computational Social Science for Economic Analysis and Policy
Authors: Manzan Sebastiano 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe goal of this chapter is to survey the recent applications of big data in economics and finance. An important advantage of these large alternative datasets is that they provide very detailed information about economic behaviour and decisions which has spurred research aiming at answering long-standing economic questions. Another relevant characteristic of these datasets is that they might be available in real time, a property that can be used to construct economic indicators at high frequencies. Overall, big alternative datasets have the potential to make an impact on economic research and policy and to complement the information used by governmental agencies to produce the official statistics.
New Data and Computational Methods Opportunities to Enhance the Knowledge Base of Tourism
Authors: Romanillos Gustavo , Moya-Gómez Borja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTourism is becoming increasingly relevant at different levels, intensifying its impact on the environmental, the economic and the social spheres. For this reason, the study of this rapidly evolving sector is important for many disciplines and requires to be quickly updated. This chapter provides an overview and general guidelines on the potential use of new data and computational methods to enhance tourism’s knowledge base, encourage their institutional adoption and, ultimately, foster a more sustainable tourism.First, the chapter delivers a brief review of the literature on new data sources and innovative computational methods that can significantly improve our understanding of tourism, addressing the big data revolution and the emergence of new analytic tools, such as artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML). Then, the chapter provides some guidelines and applications of these new datasets and methods, articulated around three topics: (1) measuring the environmental impacts of tourism, (2) assessing the socio-economic resilience of the tourism sector and (3) uncovering new tourists’ preferences, facilitating the digital transition and fostering innovation in the tourism sector.
Computational Social Science for Policy and Quality of Democracy: Public Opinion, Hate Speech, Misinformation, and Foreign Influence Campaigns
Authors: Tucker Joshua A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe intersection of social media and politics is yet another realm in which Computational Social Science has a paramount role to play. In this review, I examine the questions that computational social scientists are attempting to answer – as well as the tools and methods they are developing to do so – in three areas where the rise of social media has led to concerns about the quality of democracy in the digital information era: online hate; misinformation; and foreign influence campaigns. I begin, however, by considering a precursor of these topics – and also a potential hope for social media to be able to positively impact the quality of democracy – by exploring attempts to measure public opinion online using Computational Social Science methods. In all four areas, computational social scientists have made great strides in providing information to policy makers and the public regarding the evolution of these very complex phenomena but in all cases could do more to inform public policy with better access to the necessary data; this point is discussed in more detail in the conclusion of the review.
The Ethics of Computational Social Science
Authors: Leslie David 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis chapter is concerned with setting up practical guardrails within the research activities and environments of Computational Social Science (CSS). It aims to provide CSS scholars, as well as policymakers and other stakeholders who apply CSS methods, with the critical and constructive means needed to ensure that their practices are ethical, trustworthy, and responsible. It begins by providing a taxonomy of the ethical challenges faced by researchers in the field of CSS. These are challenges related to (1) the treatment of research subjects, (2) the impacts of CSS research on affected individuals and communities, (3) the quality of CSS research and to its epistemological status, (4) research integrity, and (5) research equity. Taking these challenges as motivation for cultural transformation, it then argues for the incorporation of end-to-end habits of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) into CSS practices, focusing on the role that contextual considerations, anticipatory reflection, impact assessment, public engagement, and justifiable and well-documented action should play across the research lifecycle. In proposing the inclusion of habits of RRI in CSS practices, the chapter lays out several practical steps needed for ethical, trustworthy, and responsible CSS research activities. These include stakeholder engagement processes, research impact assessments, data lifecycle documentation, bias self-assessments, and transparent research reporting protocols.
Modelling Complexity with Unconventional Data: Foundational Issues in Computational Social Science
Authors: Fontana Magda , Guerzoni Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe large availability of data, often from unconventional sources, does not call for a data-driven and theory-free approach to social science. On the contrary, (big) data eventually unveil the complexity of socio-economic relations, which has been too often disregarded in traditional approaches. Consequently, this paradigm shift requires to develop new theories and modelling techniques to handle new types of information. In this chapter, we first tackle emerging challenges about the collection, storage, and processing of data, such as their ownership, privacy, and cybersecurity, but also potential biases and lack of quality. Secondly, we review data modelling techniques which can leverage on the new available information and allow us to analyse relationships at the microlevel both in space and in time. Finally, the complexity of the world revealed by the data and the techniques required to deal with such a complexity establishes a new framework for policy analysis. Policy makers can now rely on positive and quantitative instruments, helpful in understanding both the present scenarios and their future complex developments, although profoundly different from the standard experimental and normative framework. In the conclusion, we recall the preceding efforts required by the policy itself to fully realize the promises of computational social sciences.
Describing Human Behaviour Through Computational Social Science
Authors: Veltri Giuseppe A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe possibilities offered by digital and Computational Social Science can improve our understanding of human behaviour as never before. The availability of behavioural data in a society where the digital has been widely adopted is because of two reasons: first, the vast amount of digital traces produced by people in their daily lives and related behaviours and, second, the possibility of running online experiments that can cover a large segment of a target population (we have seen online experiments with hundreds of thousands of participants). This chapter will discuss the opportunity offered by online large behavioural experiments. The implications for policymakers of this shift are the possibility of having behavioural insights both across different societies and better understanding and capturing within a country heterogeneity. In other words, large-scale online experiments combined with computational methods allow for unprecedented cognitive and behavioural based segmentation.
Practical tips and new trends in electrochemical biosensing of cancer-related extracellular vesicles
Authors: Sfragano Patrick Severin , Pillozzi Serena , Condorelli Gerolama , Palchetti Ilaria 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo tackle cancer and provide prompt diagnoses and prognoses, the constantly evolving biosensing field is continuously on the lookout for novel markers that can be non-invasively analysed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a promising biomarker that also works as a source of biomarkers. The augmented cellular activity of cancerous cells leads to the production of higher numbers of EVs, which can give direct information on the disease due to the presence of general and cancer-specific surface-tethered molecules. Moreover, the intravesicular space is enriched with other molecules that can considerably help in the early detection of neoplasia. Even though EV-targeted research has indubitably received broad attention lately, there still is a wide lack of practical and effective quantitative procedures due to difficulties in pre-analytical and analytical phases. This review aims at providing an exhaustive outline of the recent progress in EV detection using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors, with a focus on handling approaches and trends in the selection of bioreceptors and molecular targets related to EVs that might guide researchers that are approaching such an unstandardised field.
Removal of the magnetic sphincter augmentation device: an assessment of etiology, clinical presentation, and management
Authors: Eriksson Sven , Schwameis Katrin , Ayazi Shahin , Hoppo Toshitaka , Zheng Ping , Jobe Blair A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) erosion, disruption or displacement clearly requires device removal. However, up to 5.5% of patients without anatomical failure require removal for dysphagia or recurrent GERD symptoms. Studies characterizing these patients or their management are limited. We aimed to characterize these patients, compare their outcomes, and determine the necessity for further reflux surgery.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of 777 patients who underwent MSA at our institution between 2013 and 2021. Patients who underwent device removal for persistent dysphagia or recurrent GERD symptoms were included. Demographic, clinical, objective testing, and quality of life data obtained preoperatively, after implantation and following removal were compared between removal for dysphagia and GERD groups. Sub-analyses were performed comparing outcomes with and without an anti-reflux surgery (ARS) at the time of removal.

Results
A total of 40 (5.1%) patients underwent device removal, 31 (77.5%) for dysphagia and 9 (22.5%) for GERD. After implantation, dysphagia patients had less heartburn (12.9-vs-77.7%, p = 0.0005) less regurgitation (16.1-vs-55.5%, p = 0.0286), and more pH-normalization (91.7-vs-33.3%, p = 0.0158). Removal without ARS was performed in 5 (55.6%) GERD and 22 (71.0%) dysphagia patients. Removal for dysphagia patients had more complete symptom resolution (63.6-vs-0.0%, p = 0.0159), freedom from PPIs (81.8-vs-0.0%, p = 0.0016) and pH-normalization (77.8-vs-0.0%, p = 0.0455).
Patients who underwent removal for dysphagia had comparable symptom resolution (p = 0.6770, freedom from PPI (p = 0.3841) and pH-normalization (p = 0.2534) with or without ARS. Those who refused ARS with removal for GERD had more heartburn (100.0%-vs-25.0%, p = 0.0476), regurgitation (80.0%-vs-0.0%, p = 0.0476) and PPI use (75.0%-vs-0.0%, p = 0.0476).

Conclusions
MSA removal outcomes are dependent on the indication for removal. Removal for dysphagia yields excellent outcomes regardless of anti-reflux surgery. Patients with persistent GERD had worse outcomes on all measures without ARS. We propose a tailored approach to MSA removal-based indication for removal.

Graphical abstract
The effects of substrate and sediment burial on survival of developing pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) and shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus) embryos
Authors: Chojnacki Kimberly A. , George Amy E. , DeLonay Aaron J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) and endangered pallid sturgeon (S. albus) deposit demersal and adhesive eggs in swift currents, near or over coarse substrate. Hydrographic surveys have demonstrated the dynamic nature of spawning habitats and that coarse substrates may episodically be buried (partially or completely) by fine sediments. To evaluate embryo survival of both species in various substrate conditions, laboratory trials were conducted with substrates of clean glass, gravel, medium-coarse sand (MCS), and fine sand-silt (FSS). Embryos in MCS and FSS were tested three ways: unburied, partially buried, and fully buried (1–2-mm depth). Embryos were exposed to trial conditions for 10 days from the day of fertilization (5 days beyond expected hatching). For both species, mean hatch of normally developed free embryos was highest in unburied treatments where embryos were incubated on substrates and not covered with sediments and ranged from 81.0 to 87.1% for shovelnose sturgeon and 55.2–80.0% for pallid sturgeon. Mean hatch of normal free embryos was lowest where incubating embryos were fully buried by MCS or FSS and ranged from 2.4 to 11.6% for shovelnose sturgeon and 4.8–15.2% for pallid sturgeon. We observed free embryos with physical abnormalities in all treatments; however, the occurrence was most variable in treatments fully and partially buried by MCS. Hatch of both species was also delayed in treatments where embryos were incubated fully and partially buried by MCS. Our results may be useful to estimate the relative suitability of spawning substrates in relevant river reaches.
3D printed poly(lactic acid)-based nanocomposite scaffolds with bioactive coatings for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Grigora Maria-Eirini , Terzopoulou Zoi , Baciu Diana , Steriotis Theodore , Charalambopoulou Georgia , Gounari Eleni , Bikiaris Dimitrios N. , Tzetzis Dimitrios 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, the effect of two different types of bioactive coatings on the properties of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)/montmorillonite (PLA/MMT) nanocomposite scaffolds was examined. To improve their suitability for bone tissue engineering applications, the PLA nanocomposite scaffolds were coated with (i) ordered mesoporous Strontium bioglass (SrBG) and (ii) SrBG and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) using a simple dip coating procedure. The effect of the coatings on the morphology, chemical structure, wettability and nanomechanical properties of the scaffolds was examined. The hydrophilicity of PLA nanocomposite scaffolds increased after the SrBG coating and increased even more with the SrBG/nHA coating. Moreover, in the case of PLA/MMT/SrBG/nHA 3D printed scaffolds, the elastic modulus increased by ~ 80% and the hardness increased from 156.9 ± 6.4 to 293.6 ± 11.3 MPa in comparison with PLA. Finally, the in vitro biocompatibility and osteogenic potential were evaluated using bone marrow-derived stem cells. The coating process was found to be a fast, economical and effective way to improve the biomineralization and promote the differentiation of the stem cells toward osteoblasts, in comparison with the neat PLA and the PLA/MMT nanocomposite scaffold.
Graphical abstract
Physico-chemical Characteristics of Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(lactic acid)/Chitosan Nano-Composites Under the Influence of Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Elsawy Moataz A. , Fekry Mohamed , Sayed Aisha M. , Maziad Nabila A. , Saad Gamal R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPLA and its nanocomposite containing 3% chitosan nanoparticles (PLA-3CsNP) were studied to see how γ -irradiation affected their characteristics. Different doses of γ -irradiation were applied to the investigated materials under inquiry (5–40 kGy) using 60Co at ambient conditions. The irradiation materials were characterized by FT-IR, GPC, mechanical tensile test, DSC, XRD, and TGA in solid and chloroform solutions. The molecular weight of the studied materials was lowered when the irradiation dose was increased, indicating that γ-irradiation had the dominating effect through oxidative degradation, and chain scission. The addition of chitosan to PLA reduces the impact of γ-irradiation, while the samples irradiated in solution showed more degradation after irradiation than irradiated solid films. Irradiation caused a decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break values. Both the melting temperature (Tm) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased as the irradiation dose was increased. The crystallization peak temperatures were reduced when pure PLA was irradiated in solution. The thermal stability of PLA was diminished as the irradiation dose was raised, and this effect was more pronounced in samples irradiated in chloroform solution.
How vocal and silent forms of participation in combination relate to student achievement
Authors: Sedova Klara , Sedlacek Martin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe adopted a person-oriented approach to identify patterns of how classroom talk and internal behavioral engagement are combined in students.The research was conducted on a sample of 639 ninth-grade students (32 classes). We measured the duration of classroom talk for each individual student during Czech language and language arts lessons. The students completed an inventory to determine their internal behavioral engagement. Student achievement was measured using the results from standardized reading literacy tests. We also inquired about the socioeconomic backgrounds of the students.We identified five distinct participation profiles (eager, chatty, diligent, aloof, and disconnected) and analyzed whether the profiles could predict student achievement. We found that the profile with high talk and high internal behavioral engagement performed best, and the profile with low talk and low internal behavioral engagement performed worst. Analyzing the inconsistent profiles, we found that high internal behavioral engagement did not guarantee student achievement if the engagement was not accompanied by talk. Our findings thus highlight the important role of classroom talk in relation to student learning.
Avoidance measures for mite allergy—an update
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Brehler Randolf , Bergmann Karl-Christian , Casper Ingrid , Klimek Felix , Hagemann Jan , Polk Marie-Luise , Cuevas Mandy 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHouse dust mites are a major source of allergens in house dust and, thus, the main trigger of perennial allergic respiratory diseases [1–5]. Scientific research on the life cycle, diet, and reproductive behavior of dust mites and on the biology of mite allergens has uncovered mechanisms leading to the development of respiratory allergies and suggests measures that can minimize exposure to dust mite allergens. Here, we discuss the evidence linking house dust mite exposure and respiratory allergies and present the efficacy of avoidance measures and their scientific evidence.