bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhodanine‐chitosan hydrogel as a novel antioxidant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Zidan T. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRhodanine‐chitosan (RC) hydrogel is examined as a novel antioxidant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) composites. RC is added to NBR with different proportions (1, 2 phr) and compared to the commercial 2,2,4‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline polymer (TMQ) antioxidant. Physico‐mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation, and modulus are also studied. It is found that NBR composite containing 2 phr of RC has the most favorable mechanical properties. The formed composites were subjected to thermo‐oxidative aging at 90°C for 1, 3, and 5 days. It is noticed that NBR composite containing 2 phr of RC is the most resistant to aging. Swelling properties and crosslink density are also determined. Composite containing 2 phr of RC has also higher crosslink density than the other prepared composites. The formed NBR composites containing both TMQ and RC are characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The effect of aging on chemical structure of the composite and on surface morphology are also studied. It is found that the chemical structure of the composites containing 2 phr of RC is not affected by aging.Highlights
Rhodanine‐chitosan (RC) is assessed as a new antioxidant for acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR).
RC is incorporated into NBR at two different concentrations: 1 and 2 phr.
Mechanical, thermo‐oxidative aging, and swelling properties are evaluated.
Thermal stability, Fourier transforms infrared and field emission scanning electron microscope are studied.
Vulcanizates with 2 phr of RC show the most superior properties.
A Hermitian Cn finite cylindrical layer method for 3D size‐dependent buckling and free vibration analyses of simply supported FG piezoelectric cylindrical sandwich microshells subjected to axial compression and electric voltages
Authors: Wu Chih‐Ping , Hsu Hao‐Ting 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWithin the framework of the consistent couple stress theory (CCST), we develop a Hermitian Cn (n = 1, 2) finite cylindrical layer method (FCLM) for carrying out the three‐dimensional (3D) analysis of the size‐dependent buckling and free vibration behaviors of simply supported, functionally graded (FG) piezoelectric cylindrical sandwich microshells. The microshells of interest are placed under closed‐circuit surface conditions and subjected to axial compression and electric voltages. We derive a 3D weak formulation based on Hamilton's principle for this study. In the resulting formulation, the microshell is artificially divided into nl microlayers, with the elastic displacement components and the electric potential selected as the primary variables. By incorporating a layer‐wise kinematic model into our weak formulation, we develop a Hermitian Cn FCLM, which can be used for analyzing FG piezoelectric cylindrical sandwich microshells. Each primary variable is expanded as a double Fourier series in the in‐surface domain and is interpolated in the thickness direction using Hermitian Cn polynomials. The accuracy and the convergence rate of our Hermitian Cn FCLMs are validated by comparing the solutions they produce for FG piezoelectric cylindrical macroshells and FG elastic cylindrical microshells with the relevant exact and approximate 3D solutions which have been reported in the literature. The material length scale parameter of our FCLMs is set at zero in the comparison made with the FG piezoelectric macroshells. In contrast, the piezoelectric and flexoelectric effects are ignored in the comparison made with the FG elastic microshells. The impact of some essential factors on the critical load, critical voltage, and natural frequency of simply supported FG piezoelectric cylindrical sandwich microshells is assessed. The important factors are identified as piezoelectricity, flexoelectricity, the material length scale parameter, the inhomogeneity index, the radius‐to‐thickness ratio, the length‐to‐radius ratio, and the magnitude of the applied voltage and the applied load.
History of Radiation Biology
Authors: Kardamakis Dimitrios , Baatout Sarah , Bourguignon Michel , Foray Nicolas , Socol Yehoshua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAt the end of the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen discovered X-rays and Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity. In the early years after that, there was a lot of misunderstanding regarding the effects of ionizing radiation and its practical applications. Medical employment of ionizing radiation began immediately after the discovery of X-rays. However, until World War Two, radioactive substances were widely used and misused. Until the early 1960s, ionizing radiation was commonly used for treatment of various diseases. Since then, however, radiation therapy has been confined nearly exclusively to cancer treatment. Two factors contributed to the phasing out of radiotherapy for non-oncological purposes: the growing awareness of radiation carcinogenesis and the development of efficient drugs (primarily, antibiotics).Radio-induced cancers have been known for above a century. The linear no-threshold (LNT) risk model considers that cancer risk is proportional to radiation dose and no radiation exposure is safe. Although LNT has never been scientifically validated, it is used for the management of radiological protection. Progress in understanding the carcinogenesis associated with ionizing radiation has resulted from a better comprehension of the DNA damage repair and other defense mechanisms.
Space Radiobiology
Authors: Hellweg Christine Elisabeth , Arena Carmen , Baatout Sarah , Baselet Bjorn , Beblo-Vranesevic Kristina , Caplin Nicol , Coos Richard , Da Pieve Fabiana , De Micco Veronica , Foray Nicolas , Hespeels Boris , Heuskin Anne-Catherine , Kronenberg Jessica , Milojevic Tetyana , Miranda Silvana , Moris Victoria , Penninckx Sébastien , Radstake Wilhelmina E. , Rehnberg Emil , Rettberg Petra , Tabury Kevin , Van Doninck Karine , Van Hoey Olivier , Vogin Guillaume , Socol Yehoshua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe study of the biologic effects of space radiation is considered a “hot topic,” with increased interest in the past years. In this chapter, the unique characteristics of the space radiation environment will be covered, from their history, characterization, and biological effects to the research that has been and is being conducted in the field.After a short introduction, you will learn the origin and characterization of the different types of space radiation and the use of mathematical models for the prediction of the radiation doses during different mission scenarios and estimate the biological risks due to this exposure. Following this, the acute, chronic, and late effects of radiation exposure in the human body are discussed before going into the detailed biomolecular changes affecting cells and tissues, and in which ways they differ from other types of radiation exposure.The next sections of this chapter are dedicated to the vast research that has been developed through the years concerning space radiation biology, from small animals to plant models and 3D cell cultures, the use of extremophiles in the study of radiation resistance mechanisms to the importance of ground-based irradiation facilities to simulate and study the space environment.
Mechanistic, Modeling, and Dosimetric Radiation Biology
Authors: Schettino Giuseppe , Baatout Sarah , Caramelo Francisco , Da Pieve Fabiana , Fernandez-Palomo Cristian , Edin Nina Frederike Jeppesen , Meade Aidan D. , Perrot Yann , Reindl Judith , Villagrasa Carmen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ultimate aim of radiobiological research is to establish a quantitative relationship between the radiation dose absorbed by biological samples (being this a cell, a tissue, an organ, or a body) and the effect caused. Therefore, radiobiological investigations need to be supported by accurate and precise dosimetric measurements. A rigorous standardized methodology has been established to assess and quantify the radiation dose absorbed by biological samples and these will be reviewed and discussed in this chapter. Dosimetric concepts at the macro- and microscopic levels are discussed with a focus on key physical quantities, their measurement technologies, and the link to the biological damage and response. This chapter will also include a description of state-of-the-art irradiation facilities (e.g., mini- and micro-beams) used for probing mechanisms underpinning radiobiological responses. Finally, the link between energy deposition events and detectable biological effects (from the molecular to the organism level) is investigated using Monte Carlo simulation codes and macroscopic radiobiological models.
Radiobiology of Combining Radiotherapy with Other Cancer Treatment Modalities
Authors: Ahire Vidhula , Ahmadi Bidakhvidi Niloefar , Boterberg Tom , Chaudhary Pankaj , Chevalier Francois , Daems Noami , Delbart Wendy , Baatout Sarah , Deroose Christophe M. , Fernandez-Palomo Cristian , Franken Nicolaas A. P. , Gaipl Udo S. , Geenen Lorain , Heynickx Nathalie , Koniarová Irena , Selvaraj Vinodh Kumar , Levillain Hugo , Michaelidesová Anna Jelínek , Montoro Alegría , Oei Arlene L. , Penninckx Sébastien , Reindl Judith , Rödel Franz , Sminia Peter , Tabury Kevin , Vermeulen Koen , Viktorsson Kristina , Waked Anthony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, we address the role of radiation as treatment modality in the context of oncological treatments given to patients. Physical aspects of the use of ionizing radiation (IR)—by either photons, neutrons, or charged (high linear energy transfer) particles—and their clinical application are summarized. Information is also provided regarding the radiobiological rationale of the use of conventional fractionation as well as alternative fractionation schedules using deviating total dose, fraction size, number of fractions, and the overall treatment time. Pro- and contra arguments of hypofractionation are discussed. In particular, the biological rationale and clinical application of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) are described. Furthermore, background information is given about FLASH radiotherapy (RT), which is an emerging new radiation method using ultra-high dose rate allowing the healthy, normal tissues and organs to be spared while maintaining the antitumor effect. Spatial fractionation of radiation in tumor therapy, another method that reduces damage to normal tissue is presented. Normal tissue doses could also be minimized by interstitial or intraluminal irradiation, i.e., brachytherapy, and herein an overview is given on the principles of brachytherapy and its clinical application. Furthermore, details are provided regarding the principles, clinical application, and limitations of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Another important key issue in cancer therapy is the combination of RT with other treatment modalities, e.g., chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hyperthermia, and hormonal therapy. Combination treatments are aimed to selectively enhance the effect of radiation in cancer cells or to trigger the immune system but also to minimize adverse effects on normal cells. The biological rationale of all these combination treatments as well as their application in clinical settings are outlined. To selectively reach high concentrations of radionuclides in tumor tissue, radioembolization is a highly interesting approach. Also, radioligand therapy which enables specific targeting of cancer cells, while causing minimal harm surrounding healthy tissues is presented. A brief overview is provided on how nanotechnology could contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Last but not least, risk factors involved in acquiring secondary tumors after RT are discussed.
Environmental Radiobiology
Authors: Lourenço Joana , Mothersill Carmel , Arena Carmen , Oughton Deborah , Vanheukelom Margot , Pereira Ruth , Mendo Sónia , De Micco Veronica 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter aims to contribute to a comprehensive view of environmental radiobiology and discuss the effects of different kinds of ionizing radiation on ecosystems. The impact of ionizing radiation was considered on both organisms and the abiotic environment, assessing the fate of radionuclides in abiotic compartments (e.g., the movement through atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere) and in the trophic chains, with implications for human and non-human biota. The available methodologies for estimating radiation dose to biota were also addressed as well as the associated challenges. This chapter also focused on the impacts of ionizing radiation exposure on non-human biota from microorganisms to vertebrates, as well as on the basic concepts related to environmental radiobiology and the molecular effects associated with the exposure to different types of ionizing radiation. The particular context of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) contamination was also tackled, as well as its effects on non-human biota.
‘Hey you! You’ve Got this and You ARE Smart’: Motivated Women Drawing on ‘Sisu’ to Persist and Succeed at University
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter complements previous chapters by applying the concept of ‘sisu’ to the enactment of persistence and success of mature FiF women in higher education. Sisu is a Finnish term which describes the inner fortitude activated in moments of hardship especially when nothing more is ‘left in the tank’, likened to the ‘second wind’ that keeps us moving forward in spite of the odds (Lahti, Embodied fortitude: An introduction to the Finnish construct of sisu. International Journal of Wellbeing, 9(1), 61–82. 2019). Sisu captures the inner strengths and capabilities these women drew upon when challenges arose which enabled them to continue to move forward. The chapter draws on the data collected from Study C and discusses how sisu provides a lens through which to understand the determined persistence of these women, as a deeply personal, collective and complex experience.
Concluding Thoughts
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe final chapter draws together the threads of a compelling argument that exhorts educators and policymakers to perceive of First-in-Family students in terms of strengths rather than in deficit terms. By using the lens of family and community, the focus is on what students bring to the university environment rather than the ways in which the institution acts upon the individual learner. The chapter outlines the key arguments contained within the book and provides recommendations for teachers, key stakeholders and university administrators for how this important student population can be best supported in their academic pursuits.
Disrupting the Deficit: Beyond Notions of Lack for First-in-Family Students
Authors: O’Shea Sarah , May Josephine , Stone Cathy , Delahunty Janine 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter draws upon a strengths perspective that seeks to frame first in family students not as ‘lacking’ or as ‘deficit’ but rather as a cohort replete with cultural wealths. Building on Bourdieuian theories and referring explicitly to the work of Yosso and Sen, the capabilities and cultural strengths of this older FiF cohort are revealed. The chapter provides a relational understanding of this student experience that considers the wider dynamics of learners’ lived realities. In exploring these unique contexts, three richly descriptive vignettes are featured and these are discussed collectively. This discussion reflects both upon the constraints that are expressed by the older learners as well as the personal strengths each story reveals about the narrator.
Introduction
Authors: Dev S. Mahendra , Ganesh-Kumar A. , Pandey Vijay Laxmi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite a significant increase in the per capita food production in India, hunger and malnutrition are still quite high. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have further worsened the situation of hunger and malnutrition, placing India at a high risk of missing the target of achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030. The need to achieve food security by providing balanced and adequate nutrition to all requires coordination and concerted efforts from a host of stakeholders. This book in its twelve chapters takes an integrated approach by examining diverse aspects of food and nutrition security through a multidisciplinary lens of Agricultural Economics, Nutrition, Crop Sciences, Anthropology, and Law, while being rooted in economics. The chapters reflect this diversity in disciplines in terms of the questions posed, the data sets used, and the methodologies followed. Starting from the evolution of policy response for hunger and nutrition security, the book covers aspects such as gender budgeting, dietary diversity, women’s empowerment, calorie intake norms, socio-legal aspects of the right to health, subjective wellbeing, bio-fortification, crop insurance, and food security linkages, the interdependence of public distribution system (for food security) and employment guarantee schemes, especially during COVID-19 pandemic, effects of dairy dietary supplements, and so on. The book arrives at a rich set of findings and policy recommendations for India towards achieving the SDG 2.1 target of zero hunger by 2030.
Revisiting Women’s Empowerment as an Agriculture–Nutrition Pathway Using the Framework of Intersectionality
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Simantini 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe second goal of Sustainable Development Agenda set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly seeks to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition, and double agricultural productivity by 2030. It has been laid down that sustainable access to nutritious food would require sustainable agricultural production and practices. The pathways through which agriculture affects nutritional outcomes have been well-documented; the linkages operate through improving access to food, affecting agricultural incomes and prices, and ‘feminising’ the agricultural workforce.
Socio-legal Analysis of the Impact of Food Insecurity and Hunger on the Right to Health of Urban Poor Living in the State of Gujarat
Authors: Shanthakumar S. , Dhanya S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite the socio-economic development, food insecurity and malnutrition are two evils found unexpectedly high around the globe hampering one of the most important human rights, the right to health. The conditions of health of people living in poverty are disproportionately worse than others. India’s obligation to ensure food security and health for all has its roots in International Law. Similarly, the country is also bound to provide these rights under the Constitution of India and the other national legal frameworks. However, India’s position in the recent Food Security Index, as well as Health Index, highlights the inadequacies in the nation’s obligation to guarantee the availability and accessibility of quality food to ensure physical well-being to all. This socio-legal research analysed the status of food insecurity in the State of Gujarat and its impact on urban poor living in the state. The study also has analysed the journey of ‘right to food’ as a fundamental human right under the Indian Legal system and the efficacy and success ratio of the Government initiatives with reference to Sustainable Development Goals. The study found that there is a huge gap in the system as the government schemes lack accessibility and as a result, the majority of the surveyed population are out of ration and also are not utilizing other government schemes for their benefits, hence leading a miserable life.
Mapping the Food Security Situation in Rural Bihar and Jharkhand: Insights from Two Food Security Atlases
Authors: Sharma Alakh N. , Mishra Sunil K. , Kundu Tanushree , Dutta Swati , Arya Prashant Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper draws from the district-level food security atlases of rural Bihar and Jharkhand prepared by the Institute for Human Development (IHD). The atlases explore the dimensions and approach to measuring food security as well as the linkages with the component indicators. Food availability, access to food, and utilization of food are the three dimensions that have been delved into in detail. It identifies the ‘priority indicators’ and ‘priority districts’ which are the most food-insecure regions in both the states. The government programmes relevant to food insecurity have been briefly analysed and policy interventions have been suggested to improve the food security situation, especially in the food insecure regions of the two states. Female literacy rate, dependency ratio, disease and health behaviour, access to toilet facilities, availability of non-agricultural employment opportunities, and extent of irrigation have emerged as crucial policy variables for overall food security in Bihar. On the other hand, in Jharkhand, the value of agricultural output, availability of health institutions, and dependency ratio have emerged as priority indicators related to food security. Special welfare programmes targeted at vulnerable communities and food-insecure regions are suggested in both states to tackle food insecurity. There is also an imperative need to increase the availability and accessibility of health institutions in both states. At the same time, an increase in agricultural productivity by enhancing irrigation coverage is a crucial aspect, common for both states. An increase in dietary diversity through community and individual kitchen gardens is also suggested for improving the status of malnourishment in rural areas of Bihar and Jharkhand.
Exploring the Prevalence of Undernutrition and Consumers’ Knowledge, Preferences, and Willingness to Pay for Biofortified Food
Authors: Singh Alka , Palanisamy Venkatesh , Raman Renjini Valiyaveettil , Velayudhan Praveen Koovalamkadu , Singh Ashok Kumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this chapter, the prevalence of child and adult malnutrition in India is assessed using the latest National Family Health Survey-5 (2019–21) data. Though the country has made a moderate improvement in reducing the incidence of stunting, wasting, and underweight in children and the incidence of thin adults, the issue of obesity and anaemia has emerged as significant concerns. We identified the northern and southern regions of the country to be better nourished in general than the eastern and western regions and pointed out the malnutrition hotspots using district-level maps. The determinants of malnutrition incidences are identified using multivariate regression analysis. Among different methods to combat the issue of malnutrition, biofortification is a promising one. We estimated the potential of biofortified crops to improve the nutritional outcomes in children and women using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Further, an ex ante health benefits assessment of biofortification was done using rice biofortification with zinc and iron. Finally, since awareness and perception are crucial in improving the adoption of biofortified crops, we extracted the consumer perception of biofortification and their willingness to pay through a cross-sectional survey.