bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Low‐Loss Planar PRGW Crossover Design for 5G Applications
Authors: Mousavirazi Zahra , Ali Mohamed Mamdouh M. , Rezaei Pejman , Sebak Abdel R. , Denidni Tayeb A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a planar 0‐dB crossover using printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) technology is proposed and designed for millimeter‐wave applications. PRGW as a quasi‐TE mode is considered as the modern guiding technology at high frequencies and for the 5G and other upcoming communications. A prototype of the proposed PRGW crossover working around 30 GHz is fabricated and measured to validate the simulated results. Comparing simulated with measured results, a good agreement is observed. The measured results demonstrate that the designed crossover offers an insertion loss of better than 0.5 dB over the whole operating frequency bandwidth from 29 to 31 GHz where the return loss level is better than 15 dB and the isolation level is less than −13 dB. Compared with the other reported crossover structures, the designed PRGW crossover features a wider bandwidth with a smaller and planar configuration.
Fundamental Shift From Summer to Winter of Holocene Rainfall Regime in the Tropics
Authors: Lan Jianghu , Cheng Jun , Chawchai Sakonvan , Liu Xingxing , Cheng Peng , Liu Yitao , Leknettip Smith , Yan Hong , Sun Youbin , Dong Jibao , Xu Hai , Ma Xiaolin , Zhang Haiwei , Lu Fengyan , Ma Libin , Tan Liangcheng , Liu Zhengyu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe seasonal rainfall regime is a key factor control on local ecological and social processes and is commonly thought to be stable under long‐term climate changes. Here we present a unique high‐resolution rainfall record from the Thai‐Malay Peninsula, combined with a state‐of‐the‐art transient climate simulation, demonstrating a fundamental rainfall regime shift from summer to winter during the Holocene. Transient model simulation and new sensitivity experiments further reveal that westward migration of the boundary between summer and winter rainfall regimes results in a summer to winter rainfall regime shift forced by distinct changes in summer and winter monsoons. Our findings suggest that the seasonal rainfall regime could be unstable under climate change around the boundaries of rainfall regimes in the tropics and possibly worldwide, which might be more critical for shaping both past and future ecological environments.
Plasticity of neuronal dynamics in the lateral habenula for cue-punishment associative learning
Authors: Congiu Mauro , Mondoloni Sarah , Zouridis Ioannis S. , Schmors Lisa , Lecca Salvatore , Lalive Arnaud L. , Ginggen Kyllian , Deng Fei , Berens Philipp , Paolicelli Rosa Chiara , Li Yulong , Burgalossi Andrea , Mameli Manuel 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe brain’s ability to associate threats with external stimuli is vital to execute essential behaviours including avoidance. Disruption of this process contributes instead to the emergence of pathological traits which are common in addiction and depression. However, the mechanisms and neural dynamics at the single-cell resolution underlying the encoding of associative learning remain elusive. Here, employing a Pavlovian discrimination task in mice we investigate how neuronal populations in the lateral habenula (LHb), a subcortical nucleus whose excitation underlies negative affect, encode the association between conditioned stimuli and a punishment (unconditioned stimulus). Large population single-unit recordings in the LHb reveal both excitatory and inhibitory responses to aversive stimuli. Additionally, local optical inhibition prevents the formation of cue discrimination during associative learning, demonstrating a critical role of LHb activity in this process. Accordingly, longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging tracking LHb calcium neuronal dynamics during conditioning reveals an upward or downward shift of individual neurons’ CS-evoked responses. While recordings in acute slices indicate strengthening of synaptic excitation after conditioning, support vector machine algorithms suggest that postsynaptic dynamics to punishment-predictive cues represent behavioral cue discrimination. To examine the presynaptic signaling in LHb participating in learning we monitored neurotransmitter dynamics with genetically-encoded indicators in behaving mice. While glutamate, GABA, and serotonin release in LHb remain stable across associative learning, we observe enhanced acetylcholine signaling developing throughout conditioning. In summary, converging presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms in the LHb underlie the transformation of neutral cues in valued signals supporting cue discrimination during learning.
Novel effects of Ras-MAPK pathogenic variants on the developing human brain and their link to gene expression and inhibition abilities
Authors: Rai Bhavana , Naylor Paige E. , Siqueiros-Sanchez Monica , Wintermark Max , Raman Mira M. , Jo Booil , Reiss Allan L. , Green Tamar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe RASopathies are genetic syndromes associated with pathogenic variants causing dysregulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK) pathway, essential for brain development, and increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. Yet, the effects of most pathogenic variants on the human brain are unknown. We examined: (1) How Ras-MAPK activating variants ofPTPN11/SOS1protein-coding genes affect brain anatomy. (2) The relationship betweenPTPN11gene expression levels and brain anatomy, and (3) The relevance of subcortical anatomy to attention and memory skills affected in the RASopathies. We collected structural brain MRI and cognitive-behavioral data from 40 pre-pubertal children with Noonan syndrome (NS), caused byPTPN11(n = 30) orSOS1(n = 10) variants (age 8.53 ± 2.15, 25 females), and compared them to 40 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls (9.24 ± 1.62, 27 females). We identified widespread effects of NS on cortical and subcortical volumes and on determinants of cortical gray matter volume, surface area (SA), and cortical thickness (CT). In NS, we observed smaller volumes of bilateral striatum, precentral gyri, and primary visual area (d’s < −0.8), and extensive effects on SA (d’s > |0.8|) and CT (d’s > |0.5|) relative to controls. Further, SA effects were associated with increasingPTPN11gene expression, most prominently in the temporal lobe. Lastly,PTPN11variants disrupted normative relationships between the striatum and inhibition functioning. We provide evidence for the effects of Ras-MAPK pathogenic variants on striatal and cortical anatomy as well as links betweenPTPN11gene expression and cortical SA increases, and striatal volume and inhibition skills. These findings provide essential translational information on the Ras-MAPK pathway’s effect on human brain development and function.
Chalcogen-bridged coordination polymer for the photocatalytic activation of aryl halides
Authors: Zeng Le , Zhang Tiexin , Liu Renhai , Tian Wenming , Wu Kaifeng , Zhu Jingyi , Wang Zhonghe , He Cheng , Feng Jing , Guo Xiangyang , Douka Abdoulkader Ibro , Duan Chunying 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe ability to deliver electrons is vital for dye-based photocatalysts. Conventionally, the aromatic stacking-based charge-transfer complex increases photogenerated electron accessibility but decreases the energy of excited-state dyes. To circumvent this dilemma, here we show a strategy by tuning the stacking mode of dyes. By decorating naphthalene diimide with S-bearing branches, the S···S contact-linked naphthalene diimide string is created in coordination polymer, thereby enhancing electron mobility while simultaneously preserving competent excited-state reducing power. This benefit, along with in situ assembly between naphthalene diimide strings and exogenous reagent/reactant, improves the accessibility of short-lived excited states during consecutive photon excitation, resulting in greater efficiency in photoinduced electron-transfer activation of inert bonds in comparison to other coordination polymers with different dye-stacking modes. This heterogeneous approach is successfully applied in the photoreduction of inert aryl halides and the successive formation of CAr−C/S/P/B bonds with potential pharmaceutical applications.
Characterizing the evolution and phenotypic impact of ampliconic Y chromosome regions
Authors: Lucotte Elise A. , Guðmundsdóttir Valdís Björt , Jensen Jacob M. , Skov Laurits , Macià Moisès Coll , Almstrup Kristian , Schierup Mikkel H. , Helgason Agnar , Stefansson Kari 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA major part of the human Y chromosome consists of palindromes with multiple copies of genes primarily expressed in testis, many of which have been claimed to affect male fertility. Here we examine copy number variation in these palindromes based on whole genome sequence data from 11,527 Icelandic men. Using a subset of 7947 men grouped into 1449 patrilineal genealogies, we infer 57 large scale de novo copy number mutations affecting palindrome 1. This corresponds to a mutation rate of 2.34 × 10−3 mutations per meiosis, which is 4.1 times larger than our phylogenetic estimate of the mutation rate (5.72 × 10−4), suggesting that de novo mutations on the Y are lost faster than expected under neutral evolution. Although simulations indicate a selection coefficient of 1.8% against non-reference copy number carriers, we do not observe differences in fertility among sequenced men associated with their copy number genotype, but we lack statistical power to detect differences resulting from weak negative selection. We also perform association testing of a diverse set of 341 traits to palindromic copy number without any significant associations. We conclude that large-scale palindrome copy number variation on the Y chromosome has little impact on human phenotype diversity.
Identification of the SARS-unique domain of SARS-CoV-2 as an antiviral target
Authors: Qin Bo , Li Ziheng , Tang Kaiming , Wang Tongyun , Xie Yubin , Aumonier Sylvain , Wang Meitian , Yuan Shuofeng , Cui Sheng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 nsp3 is essential for viral replication and host responses. The SARS-unique domain (SUD) of nsp3 exerts its function through binding to viral and host proteins and RNAs. Herein, we show that SARS-CoV-2 SUD is highly flexible in solution. The intramolecular disulfide bond of SARS-CoV SUD is absent in SARS-CoV-2 SUD. Incorporating this bond in SARS-CoV-2 SUD allowed crystal structure determination to 1.35 Å resolution. However, introducing this bond in SARS-CoV-2 genome was lethal for the virus. Using biolayer interferometry, we screened compounds directly binding to SARS-CoV-2 SUD and identified theaflavin 3,3’-digallate (TF3) as a potent binder, Kd 2.8 µM. TF3 disrupted the SUD-guanine quadruplex interactions and exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Vero E6-TMPRSS2 cells with an EC50 of 5.9 µM and CC50 of 98.5 µM. In this work, we provide evidence that SARS-CoV-2 SUD harbors druggable sites for antiviral development.
How to make climate-neutral aviation fly
Authors: Sacchi Romain , Becattini Viola , Gabrielli Paolo , Cox Brian , Dirnaichner Alois , Bauer Christian , Mazzotti Marco 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe European aviation sector must substantially reduce climate impacts to reach net-zero goals. This reduction, however, must not be limited to flight CO2 emissions since such a narrow focus leaves up to 80% of climate impacts unaccounted for. Based on rigorous life-cycle assessment and a time-dependent quantification of non-CO2 climate impacts, here we show that, from a technological standpoint, using electricity-based synthetic jet fuels and compensating climate impacts via direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) can enable climate-neutral aviation. However, with a continuous increase in air traffic, synthetic jet fuel produced with electricity from renewables would exert excessive pressure on economic and natural resources. Alternatively, compensating climate impacts of fossil jet fuel via DACCS would require massive CO2 storage volumes and prolong dependence on fossil fuels. Here, we demonstrate that a European climate-neutral aviation will fly if air traffic is reduced to limit the scale of the climate impacts to mitigate.
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic maps of whole mouse embryos at the onset of organogenesis
Authors: Sampath Kumar Abhishek , Tian Luyi , Bolondi Adriano , Hernández Amèlia Aragonés , Stickels Robert , Kretzmer Helene , Murray Evan , Wittler Lars , Walther Maria , Barakat Gabriel , Haut Leah , Elkabetz Yechiel , Macosko Evan Z. , Guignard Léo , Chen Fei , Meissner Alexander 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSpatiotemporal orchestration of gene expression is required for proper embryonic development. The use of single-cell technologies has begun to provide improved resolution of early regulatory dynamics, including detailed molecular definitions of most cell states during mouse embryogenesis. Here we used Slide-seq to build spatial transcriptomic maps of complete embryonic day (E) 8.5 and E9.0, and partial E9.5 embryos. To support their utility, we developed sc3D, a tool for reconstructing and exploring three-dimensional ‘virtual embryos’, which enables the quantitative investigation of regionalized gene expression patterns. Our measurements along the main embryonic axes of the developing neural tube revealed several previously unannotated genes with distinct spatial patterns. We also characterized the conflicting transcriptional identity of ‘ectopic’ neural tubes that emerge in Tbx6 mutant embryos. Taken together, we present an experimental and computational framework for the spatiotemporal investigation of whole embryonic structures and mutant phenotypes.
High-density Surface and Intramuscular EMG Data from the Tibialis Anterior During Dynamic Contractions
Authors: Bradford J. Cortney , Tweedell Andrew , Leahy Logan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractValid approaches for interfacing with and deciphering neural commands related to movement are critical to understanding muscular coordination and developing viable prostheses and wearable robotics. While electromyography (EMG) has been an established approach for mapping neural input to mechanical output, there is a lack of adaptability to dynamic environments due to a lack of data from dynamic movements. This report presents data consisting of simultaneously recorded high density surface EMG, intramuscular EMG, and joint dynamics from the tibialis anterior during static and dynamic muscle contractions. The dataset comes from seven subjects performing three to five trials each of different types of muscle contractions, both static (isometric) and dynamic (isotonic and isokinetic). Each subject was seated in an isokinetic dynamometer such that ankle movement was isolated and instrumented with four fine wire electrodes and a 126-electrode surface EMG grid. This data set can be used to (i) validate methods for extracting neural signals from surface EMG, (ii) develop models for predicting torque output, or (iii) develop classifiers for movement intent.
Encoding integers and rationals on neuromorphic computers using virtual neuron
Authors: Date Prasanna , Kulkarni Shruti , Young Aaron , Schuman Catherine , Potok Thomas , Vetter Jeffrey 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNeuromorphic computers emulate the human brain while being extremely power efficient for computing tasks. In fact, they are poised to be critical for energy-efficient computing in the future. Neuromorphic computers are primarily used in spiking neural network–based machine learning applications. However, they are known to be Turing-complete, and in theory can perform all general-purpose computation. One of the biggest bottlenecks in realizing general-purpose computations on neuromorphic computers today is the inability to efficiently encode data on the neuromorphic computers. To fully realize the potential of neuromorphic computers for energy-efficient general-purpose computing, efficient mechanisms must be devised for encoding numbers. Current encoding mechanisms (e.g., binning, rate-based encoding, and time-based encoding) have limited applicability and are not suited for general-purpose computation. In this paper, we present the virtual neuron abstraction as a mechanism for encoding and adding integers and rational numbers by using spiking neural network primitives. We evaluate the performance of the virtual neuron on physical and simulated neuromorphic hardware. We estimate that the virtual neuron could perform an addition operation using just 23 nJ of energy on average with a mixed-signal, memristor-based neuromorphic processor. We also demonstrate the utility of the virtual neuron by using it in some of the μ-recursive functions, which are the building blocks of general-purpose computation.
Study on the fastening characteristics of preformed helical fittings considering the surface effect of transmission lines
Authors: Zhongbin Lv , Guanghui Liu , Fangyu Li , Chuan Wu , Yaguang Tao , Jufang Liu , Zhongfei Ye , Xiaohui Liu , Yuntao Sun , Bo Yan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBecause of their superior mechanical properties, preformed helical fittings are widely used in UHV transmission lines. However, they easily slip and become loose under extreme environments, so it is very important to study the fastening characteristics of preformed helical fittings. According to the stress characteristics of preformed helical fittings, a parametric finite element model including a core and preformed armor rods was established. Finally, the finite element model calculation was verified by comparing it with the test results. In this paper, the influences of the preformed armor rod diameter, pitch, length and forming aperture on the fastening characteristics were investigated. The numerical simulation results showed that the smaller the forming aperture of preformed armor rods, the larger the grip force. However, a small forming aperture is inconvenient to install, and too large of a grip force on the core easily leads to core damage. With the increase in the preformed armor rod length, the grip force increased gradually and linearly, and the increase slowed after the pitch number reached 9. The larger the pitch, the smaller the grip force of the preformed helical fittings. The fastening characteristics of preformed armor rods with slightly larger diameters were better and the fourth power of the diameter of the preformed armor rods has a linear relationship with the grip force.
The growth of the mastoid volume in children with a cochlear implant
Authors: Tirkkonen Minna , Iso-Mustajärvi Matti , Dhanasingh Anandhan , Linder Pia , Myller Katariina , Dietz Aarno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to understand the mastoid volume development in children who undergo cochlear implantation surgery. Cochlear implant (CI) database of our clinic (Kuopio University Hospital) was reviewed for computed tomography (CT) images of CI patients (age under 12 years at the time of implantation) with a minimum time interval of twelve months between their pre- and postoperative CT. Eight patients (nine ears) were found eligible for inclusion. Three linear measurements were taken by using picture archiving and communication systems (PACS) software and the volume of the MACS was measured with Seg 3D software. The mastoid volume increased on average 817.5 mm3 between the pre- and the postoperative imaging time point. The linear distances measured between anatomical points like the round window (RW)- bony ear canal (BEC), the RW-sigmoid sinus (SS), the BEC-SS, and the mastoid tip (MT)-superior semicircular canal (SSC) increased significantly with the age of the patient at both the pre-op and post-op time points. The linear measurements between key anatomical points and mastoid volume showed a positive linear correlation. The correlation between linear measurement and volume were significant between the MT-SSC (r = 0.706, p = 0.002), RW-SS (r = 0.646, p = 0.005) and RW-BEC (r = 0.646, p = 0.005). Based on our findings from the CI implanted patients and comparing it with the previous literature findings from non-CI implanted patients, we could say that the CI surgery seem to have no effect on the development of mastoid volume in children.
Application of ultrasensitive digital ELISA for p24 enables improved evaluation of HIV-1 reservoir diversity and growth kinetics in viral outgrowth assays
Authors: Kuzmichev Yury V. , Lackman-Smith Carol , Bakkour Sonia , Wiegand Ann , Bale Michael J. , Musick Andrew , Bernstein Wendy , Aronson Naomi , Ake Julie , Tovanabutra Sodsai , Stone Mars , Ptak Roger G. , Kearney Mary F. , Busch Michael P. , Wonderlich Elizabeth R. , Kulpa Deanna A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been instrumental in controlling HIV-1 replication and transmission and decreasing associated morbidity and mortality. However, cART alone is not able to cure HIV-1 due to the presence of long-lived, latently infected immune cells, which re-seed plasma viremia when cART is interrupted. Assessment of HIV-cure strategies using ex vivo culture methods for further understanding of the diversity of reactivated HIV, viral outgrowth, and replication dynamics are enhanced using ultrasensitive digital ELISA based on single-molecule array (Simoa) technology to increase the sensitivity of endpoint detection. In viral outgrowth assays (VOA), exponential HIV-1 outgrowth has been shown to be dependent upon initial virus burst size surpassing a critical growth threshold of 5100 HIV-1 RNA copies. Here, we show an association between ultrasensitive HIV-1 Gag p24 concentrations and HIV-1 RNA copy number that characterize viral dynamics below the exponential replication threshold. Single-genome sequencing (SGS) revealed the presence of multiple identical HIV-1 sequences, indicative of low-level replication occurring below the threshold of exponential outgrowth early during a VOA. However, SGS further revealed diverse related HIV variants detectable by ultrasensitive methods that failed to establish exponential outgrowth. Overall, our data suggest that viral outgrowth occurring below the threshold necessary for establishing exponential growth in culture does not preclude replication competence of reactivated HIV, and ultrasensitive detection of HIV-1 p24 may provide a method to detect previously unquantifiable variants. These data strongly support the use of the Simoa platform in a multi-prong approach to measuring latent viral burden and efficacy of therapeutic interventions aimed at an HIV-1 cure.