bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Manipulation of Ferrofluid‐Wrapped Drops: Translation, Coalescence, and Release
Authors: Gunjan Madhu Ranjan , Banerjee Utsab , Misra Sirshendu , Mitra Sushanta K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMagnetic manipulation of droplets has emerged as a promising strategy to achieve several complex tasks ranging from targeted drug delivery and micro‐robotics to controlled chemical synthesis. Hence, proper control in creating magnetically responsive droplets is indispensable for successful implementation. Here, an impact‐based encapsulation technique is employed to create stable ferrofluid‐wrapped single‐liquid and compound droplets inside a water bath. Thereafter, a permanent magnet is used to manipulate the resulting encapsulated cargo and demonstrate its feasibility for various applications. The manipulations reported herein are underwater magnet‐assisted drop translation and coalescence of compound droplets. The release of the innermost cargo in the compound droplet is also experimentally demonstrated via magnetic actuation. Importantly, for the first time, magnetically controlled coalescence of ferrofluid encapsulated compound droplets containing water‐soluble species in a water pool is demonstrated. The non‐contact manipulation technique presented in this work promises significant implications for magnet‐assisted actuation technologies.
Mechanically Robust Hybrid Coatings for Antifogging, Antireflection, and Self‐Cleaning Applications
Authors: Kong Yunhui , Ai Ling , Chen Xiaomei , Kong Ruiwen , Song Weijie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this work, a novel multifunctional film with durable antifogging performance and remarkable optical property is designed. By doping and hybridization to build an organic–inorganic siloxane network, the surface achieves long‐lasting wettability and superhydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 0°, which is maintained within 10° for over 130 days. The low refractive index endows the hybrid film with excellent optical property, which the average transmittance (380–1100 nm) of the film is 97.60% with the peak transmittance of 99.48%. By this design, the film performs well in the felt abrasion test, water impact test, X‐cut tape test, tape‐peeling test, chemical stability test, and anti‐dust test. Due to the abundant hydroxyl radicals on the surface, the film also exhibits excellent performance, achieving 92.73% degradation of methylene blue solution (10 ppm) and 39.53% degradation of rhodamine B (10 ppm) with good reproducibility in cyclic measurements.
Mussel‐Inspired Polyglycerol Coatings for Surface Modification with Tunable Architecture
Authors: Tang Peng , Ma Guoxin , Nickl Philip , Nie Chuanxiong , Yu Leixiao , Haag Rainer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMussel‐inspired coatings, known for their outstanding substrate‐independent adhesive capabilities, have numerous potential applications in materials science and biomedical fields. To improve the understanding of how these polymers’ molecular structure and chemical composition affect their coating mechanisms and resulting coating properties, herein three mussel‐inspired polymers are developed: dendritic polyglycerol with 40% catechol groups and 60% amines (dPG40), linear polyglycerol with 80% catechols and 20% amines (lPG80), and finally lPG40 with 40% catechols and 60% amines. After a series of characterizations, it is found that chemical surface modification with a monolayer coating can be easily achieved with lPG40, and that robust and well‐defined nano‐ to micro‐structural surface coatings are possible with lPG80 and dPG40. Tunable properties are found to include not only coating speed, but coating thickness, roughness, and surficial topography. This diverse suite of controllable attributes enables mussel‐inspired polyglycerol (MiPG) coatings to satisfy a wide‐range of applications on multiple materials.
Efficient and Stable OLEDs with Inverted Device Structure Utilizing Solution‐Processed ZnO‐Based Electron Injection Layer
Authors: Li Ning , Li Tianxin , Li Lin Song , Li Jian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo realize low‐cost, efficient, and stable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) in future large area displays and lighting, the development of suitable solution‐processed functional materials is highly desirable. Herein, a series of efficient and stable OLEDs with an inverted device architecture is reported, employing both a vapor‐deposited phosphorescent aggregate emitter, i.e., Pd(II) 7‐(3‐(pyridine‐2‐yl‐κN)phenoxy‐κC)(benzo‐κC)([c]benzo[4,5]imidazo‐κN)[1,2‐a][1,5]naphthyridine, and a solution‐processed ZnO layer as potential electron injection layer and electron‐transporting layer. One of the optimized OLED devices exhibits its peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.9% and retains EQEs of 23.5% and 18.7% at 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, with a low efficiency roll‐off. Such an efficient device also demonstrates a measured lifetime (LT95) of 98.6 h with an initial brightness of 10 435 cd m−2 corresponding to an estimated LT95 of 5313 h at 1000 cd m−2. By depositing a 2 nm Al on the ZnO surface, an estimated LT95 at 1000 cd m−2 of such a device can be further extended to 73 244 h, making it the longest‐lived OLED reported in the literature domain. This study lays the strong foundation for the future deployment of efficient and stable inverted OLEDs with solution‐processed ZnO layers for a wide range of displays and lighting applications.
Unique Self‐Reduction of Transitional Metal Ion in a Borate with Planar [BO3]3− Groups
Authors: Wu Liwei , Bai Yuxing , Chen Huimin , Zheng Lirong , Yi Huan , Wu Li , Hu Zhenpeng , Zhang Xinzheng , Kong Yongfa , Zhang Yi , Xu Jingjun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe self‐reduction of variable valence ions is known to be realized in the specific crystal structure with XO4 groups. It may lead to some outstanding merits for phosphors, such as high thermal stability and easy popularization in industrial production. However, it has never been realized in the host with only planar XO3 anionic groups before. Here, the self‐reduction from Mn4+ to Mn2+ is realized in a borate α‐LiZnBO3, in which the planar triangle [BO3] is the fundamental building unit. The borate‐based phosphor exhibits a typical Mn2+ emission when it is prepared in the ambient atmosphere. The divalent state of doped ions is confirmed via X‐ray absorption fine structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Supported by electron paramagnetic resonance, thermoluminescence, and density functional theory, the oxygen vacancies formed during the synthesis process and the lithium ones introduced by heterovalent substitution are the decisive factors in the valence state‐transition of doped ions. In addition, the low‐valence activators can be stabilized in the lattice to offer the phosphor a good thermal stability of chromaticity coordinates. This study offers a new vision for the self‐reduction system, deepens the understanding of the self‐reduction mechanism, and broadens the choices for developing novel optical functional materials by defect control.
Unravelling the Secrets of Plants: Emerging Wearable Sensors for Plants Signals and Physiology
Authors: Banerji Saoni , Hõrak Hanna , Torop Janno , Huynh Tan‐Phat 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlants provide humankind with a habitable environment, food, and oxygen. Due to changing climate and increasing global population, there is pressure to increase agricultural production while limiting negative impacts on natural ecosystems. Understanding plant physiology and plant‐environment interactions is needed to further sustainable agricultural practices and maintain a green and diverse environment. Early detection of signals characteristic to plant stress can help to design interventions to preserve yield or diversity. Therefore, technology development is important to monitor plant health by measuring a variety of parameters related to the microclimate around plants and plant physiology. This review focuses on state‐of‐the‐art wearable sensors developed for plants.
Improving the Recombination Losses by the Inclusion of Bi‐HTM (CuO/Silicon) Layers for Formamidinium Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jamil M. , Almufarij Rasmiah S. , Ali Adnan , Ashfaq Arslan , Mahmood Khalid , Fahmy Mohamed Abdelsabour , Sabugaa Michael M. , Alqurashi Rania Saleh , Shokralla Elsammani Ali , Algethami Obaidallah A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe innovative lead‐free formamidinium tin‐based perovskite solar cell structure is considered nontoxic and potentially more stable than lead‐based, although its performance is not yet excellent. This research aims to enhance the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells and reduce the recombination losses. According to device modeling, the FASnI3perovskite solar cell demonstrates a packing conversion efficiency of 14.3% (open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.899 V, fill factor (FF) = 58.9%, and current density (Jsc) = 26.06 mA cm−2) by employing Bi hole transporting layers, a copper oxide, and crystalline silicon layers. Some features that affect the device include the thickness of each layer, the doping density of copper oxide and a silicon layer, and the back contact metalwork function. It is proposed that Bi‐HTL reduce the carriers to enter hole transport layer (HTL) as the doping change so that decreasing charge carriers recombination and enhancing the device efficiency in tin‐based perovskite solar cell with the structure of ITO/TiO2/FASnI3/CuO/Si/C. Furthermore, the impacts of various charge transport layers on energy band alignment, recombination, electric field, and IV properties are thoroughly explored.
Oxygen‐Rich Carbon Nitrides from an Eutectic Template Strategy Stabilize Ni, Fe Nanosites for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Li Chun , Lepre Enrico , Bi Min , Antonietti Markus , Zhu Junwu , Fu Yongsheng , López‐Salas Nieves 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFunctionalized porous carbons are central to various important applications such as energy storage and conversion. Here, a simple synthetic route to prepare oxygen‐rich carbon nitrides (CNOs) decorated with stable Ni and Fe‐nanosites is demonstrated. The CNOs are prepared via a salt templating method using ribose and adenine as precursors and CaCl2·2H2O as a template. The formation of supramolecular eutectic complexes between CaCl2·2H2O and ribose at relatively low temperatures facilitates the formation of a homogeneous starting mixture, promotes the condensation of ribose through the dehydrating effect of CaCl2·2H2O to covalent frameworks, and finally generates homogeneous CNOs. As a specific of the recipe, the condensation of the precursors at higher temperatures and the removal of water promotes the recrystallization of CaCl2 (T < Tm = 772 °C), which then acts as a hard porogen. Due to salt catalysis, CNOs with oxygen and nitrogen contents as high as 12 and 20 wt%, respectively, can be obtained, while heteroatom content stayed about unchanged even at higher temperatures of synthesis, pointing to the extraordinarily high stability of the materials. After decorating Ni and Fe‐nanosites onto the CNOs, the materials exhibit high activity and stability for electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction with an overpotential of 351 mV.
An Anti‐Ambipolar Cryo‐Phototransistor
Authors: Mathew Roshan Jesus , Cheng Kai‐Hsiang , Inbaraj Christy Roshini Paul , Sankar Raman , Gao Xuan P.A. , Chen Yit‐Tsong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNovel anti‐ambipolar transistors (AATs) are gate tunable rectifiers with a marked potential for multi‐valued logic circuits. In this work, the optoelectronic applications of AATs in cryogenic conditions are studied, of which the AAT devices consist of vertically stacked p‐SnS and n‐ MoSe2 nanoflakes to form a type‐II staggered band alignment. An electrostatically tunable p‐SnS/n‐MoSe2 cryo‐phototransistor is presented with unique anti‐ambipolar characteristics and cryogenic‐enhanced optoelectronic performance. The cryo‐phototransistor exhibits a sharp and highly symmetric anti‐ambipolar transfer curve at 77 K with the peak‐to‐valley ratio of 103 operating under a low bias voltage of 1 V. The high cooling‐enhanced charge mobilities in the cryo‐phototransistor grant this AAT device remarkable photodetection capabilities. At 77 K, the p‐SnS/n‐MoSe2 cryo‐phototransistor, holding a broad photoresponse in the spectral range of 250−900 nm, demonstrates its high responsivity of 2 × 104 A W−1 and detectivity of 7.5 × 1013 Jones with the excitation at 532 nm. The high‐performance p‐SnS/n‐MoSe2 low‐dimensional phototransistor with low operating voltages at 77−150 K is eligible for optoelectronic applications in cryogenic environments. Furthermore, the cryo‐characteristics of this heterostructure can be further extended to design the mul‐tivalued logic circuits operated in cryogenic conditions.
Multilayer Porous Polymer Films for High‐Performance Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Liu Changjian , Deng Jinyi , Gao Lin , Cheng Jingliang , Peng Yujie , Zeng Hongjuan , Huang Wei , Feng Liang‐Wen , Yu Junsheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPorous films offer a general and simple strategy for balancing the electron/hole transport, and ion doping/dedoping process in organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) channel. Here a universal 3D integrated approach that simultaneously achieves both enhanced transconductance (gm) and mechanical stretchability via constructing a multilayer breath‐figured porous polymer channel by poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/ polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐ran‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) and poly(2,5‐bis(3‐triethyleneglycoloxythiophen‐2‐yl)‐co‐thiophene) (Pg2T‐T)/SEBS mixture is demonstrated. The formed multilayer elastic porous structure provides efficient and tunable ionic‐electronic coupling and transport pathways, while also introducing immunity toward mechanical tensile deformation. Remarkably, an obvious increase in gm [from 10.05 mS (2.13 mS) to 29.23 mS (7.38 mS) for Pg2T‐T (P3HT)] is acquired by assembling the OECT porous channel from a single layer to a 3D trilayer. Moreover, mechanical stretchability as high as 40% for Pg2T‐T and 60% for P3HT, is obtained with >21% gm retained. Furthermore, high gms (9.34 mS and 0.92 mS for Pg2T‐T and P3HT, respectively) are maintained after 600 stretching cycles (20% and 30% tensile strains for Pg2T‐T and P3HT, respectively). Overall, the 3D porous structure provides an effective strategy to enhance stretchability and electrical performance for OECTs, as well as opens possibilities for other electronics where both stretchability and a large surface‐to‐volume ratio are needed.
Legume addition to alfalfa‐based mixtures improves the forage energy to protein ratio
Authors: Tremblay Gaëtan F. , Thériault Mireille , Seguin Philippe , Godin Xavier , Claessens Annie , Bittman Shabtai , Hunt Derek , Bélanger Gilles , Hakl Josef , Bertrand Annick , Thivierge Marie‐Noëlle 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L., AL)‐based forage mixtures are a major constituent of ruminant rations, and optimizing their energy‐to‐protein ratio has been identified as a way to improve N use efficiency. This study aimed to determine whether the energy‐to‐protein ratio could be improved by adding red clover (Trifolium pratense L., RC) or birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L., BT) at different seeding proportions, and/or one grass species [timothy, Phleum pratense L., or tall fescue, Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort] to AL. Annual forage yield, species proportion in botanical composition, and nutritive value of forage were measured at three sites in Canada for 2 post‐seeding years. The addition of RC or BT did not affect the annual forage yield but it increased the concentration of forage nonfiber carbohydrates (NFCs), particularly of soluble sugars, and decreased concentrations of crude protein (CP), nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and rapidly degradable protein (PB1) of AL‐based mixtures. The addition of one percentage unit of RC or BT to forage botanical composition improved the NFC/CP ratio by 0.005, and the NFC/(NPN + PB1) ratio by 0.024. The addition of either grass species to AL mixtures also increased the two ratios, but it was related to a CP decrease with no increase in NFC concentrations. Adding RC or BT to AL‐based mixtures is therefore a valuable strategy to increase the forage energy to protein ratio.
Genotype × environment interaction of six bush pea lines with the afila gene through the AMMI model in cereal grown areas of Colombia
Authors: Criollo Maribel Xiomara Toro , Coral Oscar Eduardo Checa , Portilla Diana Milena Herrera 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) have no longer been a profitable crop option in Colombia's cereal‐growing regions since the opening of the economy in the 1990s, which allowed them to be imported. Due to their high nutritional value and wide commercial demand, peas (Pisum sativum L.) have become a new crop option in southern Colombia's cereal‐growth areas. Bush varieties are required with low lodging, high yield, and good adaptation to environmental conditions. This study evaluated six lines of bush pea with the afila gene for yield and phenotypic stability in nine cereal‐growing environments of southern Colombia in 2020 and 2021. A randomized block design with four replications was used in each environment. Phenotypic stability was studied using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI). Visual observation of the biplot graph for principal components IPC1 and IPC2 showed higher contribution of genotypes ARB2, ARB12, and ARB13 to the genotype–environment interaction, while genotypes ARB10, ARB15, and ARB16 displayed the highest stability; only the last two genotypes exceeded the overall mean yield. The AMMI phenotypic stability values confirmed ARB10 and ARB15 as the most stable. The genotypic selection index ranked ARB15 and ARB16 as the most promising lines for the cereal‐growing area of southern Colombia based on their stability and yield, making them new productive options.
Free‐Fall Non‐Universality in Quantum Theory
Authors: Emelyanov Viacheslav A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe author shows by embodying the Einstein equivalence principle—local Poincaré invariance—and general covariance in quantum theory that wave‐function spreading rules out the universality of free fall, that is, the free‐fall trajectory of a quantum (test) particle depends on its internal properties. The author provides a quantitative estimate of the free‐fall non‐universality in terms of the Eötvös parameter, which turns out to be measurable in atom interferometry.
Multidimensional separations in top–down proteomics
Authors: Guo Yanting , Cupp‐Sutton Kellye A. , Zhao Zhitao , Anjum Samin , Wu Si 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTop–down proteomics (TDP) identifies, quantifies, and characterises proteins at the intact proteoform level in complex biological samples to understand proteoform function and cellular mechanisms. However, analysing complex biological samples using TDP is still challenging due to high sample complexity and wide dynamic range. High‐resolution separation methods are often applied prior to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis to decrease sample complexity and increase proteomics throughput. These separation methods, however, may not be efficient enough to characterise low abundance intact proteoforms in complex samples. As such, multidimensional separation techniques (combination of two or more separation methods with high orthogonality) have been developed and applied that demonstrate improved separation resolution and more comprehensive identification in TDP. A suite of multidimensional separation methods that couple various types of liquid chromatography (LC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and/or gel electrophoresis‐based separation approaches have been developed and applied in TDP to analyse complex biological samples. Here, we reviewed multidimensional separation strategies employed for TDP, summarised current applications, and discussed the gaps that may be addressed in the future.
The role of post‐cure cycle on the thermomechanical properties of soy‐based polyurethane thermosets
Authors: Armanasco Franco , D'hers Sebastián , Chiacchiarelli Leonel Matías 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA systematic study of the post‐cure cycle of soy‐based polyurethane thermosets was conducted as a function of crosslinker content, post‐cure temperature and time. An improvement of 207% of the flexural strength, up to 175 MPa, was measured by increasing the crosslinking content to 60 wt% and by using a post‐cure cycle temperature of 110°C. Similarly, the flexural modulus also increased by 199%, up to 3.2 GPa, while maintaining a flexural strain to failure of 6.60%. In situ studies of the post‐cure cycle using dynamical mechanical analysis revealed the interplay between the two interpenetrating polymer networks as a function of crosslinker content. At a crosslinker content below 40 wt%, two rubbery to glass transition temperatures (Tg) were found at 60 and 200°C, respectively. At 60 wt%, only one Tg at temperatures close to the degradation temperature was identified (250°C). Scanning electron microscope micrographs of the fracture surface revealed the formation of stress induced cracks which were mitigated through the use of a temperature stepped post‐cure cycle. The formation of soft segments with high degradation temperatures (485°C) were revealed by thermogravimetric analysis, which can be attributed to the presence of additional covalent bonds such as allophanate and carbodiimide that were also identified through Fourier transform infrared analysis. The results revealed in this work are key for the development of biobased polyurethanes applied for the polymer composite industry. In this regard, this study represented the first analysis of the post‐cure cycle of a soy‐based polyurethane thermoset.
Evaluation of eugenol‐derived monomers as antimicrobial agents in dental resin composites
Authors: Trejo‐Carbajal Nayely , Cuevas Suárez Carlos E. , Reyes‐Angeles Mari Carmen , Herrera‐González Ana M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study is to synthesize two eugenol‐derived halogenated monomers and to evaluate their properties as antibacterial and antifungal agents in the formulation of dental composite resins. The 4‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl (2‐chloroethyl) carbonate (ECl) and 4‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenyl 2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐heptafluorobutanoate (EF) monomers have halogens, chlorine or fluorine bonded in their structure, whose antibacterial activity is known. The characterization of ECl and EF monomers was made by Fourier transform infrared and 1H and 13C NMR. dental resin composites are formulated by mixing the BisGMA/TEGDMA, photoinitiator system, inorganic filler, and the ECl or EF monomer, respectively. The antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the experimental resins is determined using the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. After copolymerization, DCRs with ECl or EF monomers significantly stop antibacterial growth and show excellent antifungal effect. The best results in the antibacterial test are using 0.5 or 3 wt% of the ECl monomer, while for the EF monomer is 5 wt%. On the other hand, the most adequate concentration of ECl and EF monomers in the antifungal activity is 0.5 wt%. The above demonstrates the ability of ECl and EF monomers to prevent antibacterial and antifungal growth in a dental composite resin, which would extend the useful life of a dental restoration.