bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally available compost application in organic farms: 2-year effect on biological soil properties
Authors: Assirelli A. , Fornasier F. , Caputo F. , Manici L. M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Composting technologies have progressed parallel to the growing interest in recycling organic waste over recent decades, whilst in-field compost application requires technical improvement and more experience in order to optimize their effect according to the agro-environment and the type of crop which follow their incorporation into the soil. In response to compost application, biological soil features were assessed in field by adopting precision agricultural machinery and by limiting soil incorporation to a depth of 15 cm. A 2-year trial was carried out on two sites in the East Po valley (Northern Italy), an agricultural district which, in 2000, was classified as being on the verge of desertification, and where efforts to counteract soil organic matter decline have been underway for some decades. A green-waste compost produced in accordance with current national directives was applied in autumn 2019 and 2020 to two organic fields using precision farming machinery for compost spreading and conventional harrows for incorporation. Fields were divided into two large plots to compare the effect of compost treatment to an untreated control and were managed according to organic farming practices. Seven months after application, microbial biomass, assessed in terms of DNA, and 17 enzymatic activities were estimated by sampling root-explored soil at the vegetative stage of different seed crops for organic horticulture. A significant overall increase of biological soil activity was detected after the second application. The qualitative response varied slightly between the two sites: a higher impact of microbial biomass was observed in the site that was poorer in soil organic matter; whilst in the other, an increase of phosphatase activities contributed more to the general increase of biological activity. Findings show that, in those agricultural soils, an agronomic advantage from compost can be obtained only after repeated applications; furthermore, precision farming technologies facilitate compost application even in small, specialized farms such as those which hosted this trial.
Seismicity Properties of the Chain Transform Fault Inferred Using Data From the PI‐LAB Experiment
Authors: Leptokaropoulos K. , Rychert C. A. , Harmon N. , Kendall J. M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOceanic transform faults are intriguing in that they do not produce earthquakes as large as might be expected given their dimensions. We use 1‐year of local seismicity (370 events aboveMC = 2.3) recorded on an array of ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) and geophysical data to study the seismotectonic properties of the Chain transform, located in the equatorial Mid‐Atlantic. We extend our analysis back in time by considering stronger earthquakes (MW ≥ 5.0) from global catalogs. We divide Chain into three areas (east, central, and west) based on historical event distribution, morphology, and multidimensional OBS seismicity cluster analysis. Seismic activity recorded by the OBS is the highest at the eastern area of Chain where there is a lozenge‐shaped topographic high, a negative rMBA gravity anomaly, and only a few historicalMW ≥ 5.5 events. OBS seismicity rates are lower in the western and central areas. However, these areas accommodate the majority of seismic moment release, as inferred from both OBS and historical data. Higherb‐values are significantly correlated with lower rMBA and with shallower bathymetry, potentially related to thickened crust. Our results suggest high lateral heterogeneity along Chain. Patches with moderate to low OBS seismicity rates that occasionally hostMW ≥ 6.0 earthquakes are interrupted by segments with abundant OBS activity but few historical events with 5.5 ≤ MW < 6.0. This segmentation is possibly due to variable fluid circulation and alteration, which may also change in time.
Estimation of Moho Depth Beneath Southern Indian Shield by Inverting Gravity Anomalies Constrained by Seismic Data
Authors: Roy Arka , Prasad Muthyala , B Padma Rao , Tomson J. K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis study presents a high‐resolution 3D Moho structure beneath southern India and its surrounding regions from observed gravity anomalies. The global gravity disturbance model (XGM2019e) with a grid resolution of 0.1° is considered for this study. The extended Bott's inversion algorithm and Gauss‐Fast Fourier Transform based forward model are adopted to invert for the Moho undulations beneath the Indian peninsula. The inversion algorithm is tested for a synthetic model having a predefined density contrast and mean Moho depth. The robustness of this inversion algorithm is further tested for noise‐incorporated gravity data. The control points are required for estimating two hyper‐parameters, viz. density contrast, and reference depth, which play a crucial role in the precise estimation of Moho depth. In real case study, the inverted Moho depth of Southern India and its surrounding regions by seismic constraint receiver function‐driven control points show a very complex architecture of Moho topography. The observed average crustal thickness in the study region is 35.35 km, corroborating with the previously reported Moho depths. The maximum crustal thickness is 53.04 km beneath the southern part of Archean Western Dharwar Craton and west of Salem block, around 44–47 km Moho depth is observed at the south of Salem block into Madurai block till Achankovil Shear Zone, which suggests the possible continuation of the Achaean crust of Palghat‐Cauvery Shear Zone System. The lowest crustal thickness values are observed along the eastern margin of the Cuddapah basin, which overlaps with the Proterozoic Krishna basin of the Eastern Ghats Mobile belt.
Hydrostatic and Non‐Hydrostatic Baroclinic Instability in the Dynamical Core of the DOE Global Climate Model
Authors: Sun Xiaoming , Nadiga Balasubramanya T. , Taylor Mark A. , Puthan Pranav S. , Urrego‐Blanco Jorge R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe dynamical core of the Department of Energy global climate model is used to understand the role of non‐hydrostatic dynamics in the simulation of dry and moist baroclinic waves. To reduce computational cost, the Diabatic Acceleration and REscaling approach is adopted. Scale analysis and numerical simulations suggest that the model solution is not distorted by the change of spherical metric terms due to the change of Earth radius, neither are the inter‐scale interactions strongly altered as indicated by the analysis of spectral flux. Compared with hydrostatic simulations, the onset of baroclinic instability is delayed under non‐hydrostatic dynamics as the associated weaker vertical motions tend to increase the critical wavelength and narrow the range of waves that can be baroclinically unstable. During the development of baroclinic waves, non‐hydrostatic dynamics tends to induce vertical motions in the upper troposphere, accelerating the eastward propagation of upper‐level ridges through their impact on local vorticity tendency. These processes reduce the westward tilt of the vertical ridge axes and suppress the conversion of mean flow available potential energy to eddy kinetic energy, leading to weaker baroclinic eddies than in hydrostatic simulations. The contrasts between hydrostatic and non‐hydrostatic settings hold in supplemental experiments that vary the background flow Rossby number, the amount of water vapor content and vertical resolution. We also find that mesoscale and smaller‐scale activities can be considerably under‐represented when the vertical resolution is limited to that typically used in global climate models.
Logjam Characteristics as Drivers of Transient Storage in Headwater Streams
Authors: Marshall A. , Zhang X. , Sawyer A. H. , Wohl E. , Singha K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLogjams in a stream create backwater conditions and locally force water to flow through the streambed, creating zones of transient storage within the surface and subsurface of a stream. We investigate the relative importance of logjam distribution density, logjam permeability, and discharge on transient storage in a simplified experimental channel. We use physical flume experiments in which we inject a salt tracer, monitor fluid conductivity breakthrough curves in surface water, and determine breakthrough‐curve skewness to characterize transient storage. We then develop a companion numerical model in HydroGeoSphere to reveal flow paths through the subsurface (or hyporheic zone) that contribute to some of the longest transient‐storage timescales. In both the flume experiments and numerical simulations, we observe backwater formation and an increase in hyporheic exchange at logjams. Observed complexities in transient storage behavior depend largely on surface water flow in the backwater zone. As expected, multiple successive logjams provide more pervasive hyporheic exchange by distributing the head drop at each jam, leading to distributed but shallow flow paths. Decreasing the permeability of a logjam or increasing the discharge both facilitate greater surface water storage and volumetric rate of hyporheic exchange. Understanding how logjam characteristics affect solute transport through both the channel and hyporheic zone has important management implications for rivers in forested, or historically forested, environments.
Historical Changes in Wind‐Driven Ocean Circulation Can Accelerate Global Warming
Authors: McMonigal Kay , Larson Sarah , Hu Shineng , Kramer Ryan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change depend on accurate climate projections for the coming decades. While changes in radiative heat fluxes are known to contribute to surface warming, changes to ocean circulation can also impact the rate of surface warming. Previous studies suggest that projected changes to ocean circulation reduce the rate of global warming. However, these studies consider large greenhouse gas forcing scenarios, which induce a significant buoyancy‐driven decline of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here, we use a climate model to quantify the previously unknown impact of changes to wind‐driven ocean circulation on global surface warming. Wind‐driven ocean circulation changes amplify the externally forced warming rate by 17% from 1979 to 2014. Accurately simulating changes to the atmospheric circulation is key to improving near‐term climate projections.
Nanoparticle-mediated targeting of the fusion gene RUNX1/ETO in t(8;21)-positive acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Issa Hasan , Swart Laura E. , Rasouli Milad , Ashtiani Minoo , Nakjang Sirintra , Jyotsana Nidhi , Schuschel Konstantin , Heuser Michael , Blair Helen , Heidenreich Olaf 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA hallmark of acute myeloid leukaemias (AMLs) are chromosomal rearrangements that give rise to novel leukaemia-specific fusion genes. Most of these fusion genes are both initiating and driving events in AML and therefore constitute ideal therapeutic targets but are challenging to target by conventional drug development. siRNAs are frequently used for the specific suppression of fusion gene expression but require special formulations for efficient in vivo delivery. Here we describe the use of siRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles for the specific therapeutic targeting of the leukaemic fusion gene RUNX1/ETO. Transient knockdown of RUNX1/ETO reduces its binding to its target genes and alters the binding of RUNX1 and its co-factor CBFβ. Transcriptomic changes in vivo were associated with substantially increased median survival of a t(8;21)-AML mouse model. Importantly, transient knockdown in vivo causes long-lasting inhibition of leukaemic proliferation and clonogenicity, induction of myeloid differentiation and a markedly impaired re-engraftment potential in vivo. These data strongly suggest that temporary inhibition of RUNX1/ETO results in long-term restriction of leukaemic self-renewal. Our results provide proof for the feasibility of targeting RUNX1/ETO in a pre-clinical setting and support the further development of siRNA-LNPs for the treatment of fusion gene-driven malignancies.
Low-temperature processing of screen-printed piezoelectric KNbO3 with integration onto biodegradable paper substrates
Authors: Monroe Morgan M. , Villanueva L. Guillermo , Briand Danick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe development of fully solution-processed, biodegradable piezoelectrics is a critical step in the development of green electronics towards the worldwide reduction of harmful electronic waste. However, recent printing processes for piezoelectrics are hindered by the high sintering temperatures required for conventional perovskite fabrication techniques. Thus, a process was developed to manufacture lead-free printed piezoelectric devices at low temperatures to enable integration with eco-friendly substrates and electrodes. A printable ink was developed for screen printing potassium niobate (KNbO3) piezoelectric layers in microns of thickness at a maximum processing temperature of 120 °C with high reproducibility. Characteristic parallel plate capacitor and cantilever devices were designed and manufactured to assess the quality of this ink and evaluate its physical, dielectric, and piezoelectric characteristics; including a comparison of behaviour between conventional silicon and biodegradable paper substrates. The printed layers were 10.7–11.2 μm thick, with acceptable surface roughness values in the range of 0.4–1.1 μm. The relative permittivity of the piezoelectric layer was 29.3. The poling parameters were optimised for the piezoelectric response, with an average longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient for samples printed on paper substrates measured as d33, eff, paper = 13.57 ± 2.84 pC/N; the largest measured value was 18.37 pC/N on paper substrates. This approach to printable biodegradable piezoelectrics opens the way forward for fully solution-processed green piezoelectric devices.
Biophotoelectrochemical process co-driven by dead microalgae and live bacteria
Authors: Chen Shanshan , Chen Jin , Zhang Lanlan , Huang Shaofu , Liu Xing , Yang Yuting , Luan Tiangang , Zhou Shungui , Nealson Kenneth H , Rensing Christopher 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Anaerobic reduction processes in natural waters can be promoted by dead microalgae that have been attributed to nutrient substances provided by the decomposition of dead microalgae for other microorganisms. However, previous reports have not considered that dead microalgae may also serve as photosensitizers to drive microbial reduction processes. Here we demonstrate a photoelectric synergistic linkage between dead microalgae and bacteria capable of extracellular electron transfer (EET). Illumination of dead Raphidocelis subcapitata resulted in two-fold increase in the rate of anaerobic bioreduction by pure Geobacter sulfurreducens, suggesting that photoelectrons generated from the illuminated dead microalgae were transferred to the EET-capable microorganisms. Similar phenomena were observed in NO3− reduction driven by irradiated dead Chlorella vulgaris and living Shewanella oneidensis, and Cr(VI) reduction driven by irradiated dead Raphidocelis subcapitata and living Bacillus subtilis. Enhancement of bioreduction was also seen when the killed microalgae were illuminated in mixed-culture lake water, suggesting that EET-capable bacteria were naturally present and this phenomenon is common in post-bloom systems. The intracellular ferredoxin-NADP+-reductase is inactivated in the dead microalgae, allowing the production and extracellular transfer of photoelectrons. The use of mutant strains confirmed that the electron transport pathway requires multiheme cytochromes. Taken together, these results suggest a heretofore overlooked biophotoelectrochemical process jointly mediated by illumination of dead microalgae and live EET-capable bacteria in natural ecosystems, which may add an important component in the energetics of bioreduction phenomena particularly in microalgae-enriched environments.
Seasonal activities of the phyllosphere microbiome of perennial crops
Authors: Howe Adina , Stopnisek Nejc , Dooley Shane K. , Yang Fan , Grady Keara L. , Shade Ashley 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUnderstanding the interactions between plants and microorganisms can inform microbiome management to enhance crop productivity and resilience to stress. Here, we apply a genome-centric approach to identify ecologically important leaf microbiome members on replicated plots of field-grown switchgrass and miscanthus, and to quantify their activities over two growing seasons for switchgrass. We use metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing and curate 40 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs). We find that classes represented by these MAGs (Actinomycetia, Alpha- and Gamma- Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota) are active in the late season, and upregulate transcripts for short-chain dehydrogenase, molybdopterin oxidoreductase, and polyketide cyclase. Stress-associated pathways are expressed for most MAGs, suggesting engagement with the host environment. We also detect seasonally activated biosynthetic pathways for terpenes and various non-ribosomal peptide pathways that are poorly annotated. Our findings support that leaf-associated bacterial populations are seasonally dynamic and responsive to host cues.
Malaria-driven adaptation of MHC class I in wild bonobo populations
Authors: Wroblewski Emily E. , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Anderson Aaron G. , Liu Weimin , Li Yingying , Heisel Sara E. , Connell Andrew Jesse , Ndjango Jean-Bosco N. , Bertolani Paco , Hart John A. , Hart Terese B. , Sanz Crickette M. , Morgan David B. , Peeters Martine , Sharp Paul M. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Parham Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum causes substantial human mortality, primarily in equatorial Africa. Enriched in affected African populations, the B*53 variant of HLA-B, a cell surface protein that presents peptide antigens to cytotoxic lymphocytes, confers protection against severe malaria. Gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo are humans’ closest living relatives. These African apes have HLA-B orthologs and are infected by parasites in the same subgenus (Laverania) as P. falciparum, but the consequences of these infections are unclear. Laverania parasites infect bonobos (Pan paniscus) at only one (TL2) of many sites sampled across their range. TL2 spans the Lomami River and has genetically divergent subpopulations of bonobos on each side. Papa-B, the bonobo ortholog of HLA-B, includes variants having a B*53-like (B07) peptide-binding supertype profile. Here we show that B07 Papa-B occur at high frequency in TL2 bonobos and that malaria appears to have independently selected for different B07 alleles in the two subpopulations.
THADA inhibition in mice protects against type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving pancreatic β-cell function and preserving β-cell mass
Authors: Zhang Yuqing , Han Shan , Liu Congcong , Zheng Yuanwen , Li Hao , Gao Fei , Bian Yuehong , Liu Xin , Liu Hongbin , Hu Shourui , Li Yuxuan , Chen Zi-Jiang , Zhao Shigang , Zhao Han 
Published: February 2023

AbstractImpaired insulin secretion is a hallmark in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). THADA has been identified as a candidate gene for T2DM, but its role in glucose homeostasis remains elusive. Here we report that THADA is strongly activated in human and mouse islets of T2DM. Both global and β-cell-specific Thada-knockout mice exhibit improved glycemic control owing to enhanced β-cell function and decreased β-cell apoptosis. THADA reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores in β-cells by inhibiting Ca2+ re-uptake via SERCA2 and inducing Ca2+ leakage through RyR2. Upon persistent ER stress, THADA interacts with and activates the pro-apoptotic complex comprising DR5, FADD and caspase-8, thus aggravating ER stress-induced apoptosis. Importantly, THADA deficiency protects mice from high-fat high-sucrose diet- and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia by restoring insulin secretion and preserving β-cell mass. Moreover, treatment with alnustone inhibits THADA’s function, resulting in ameliorated hyperglycemia in obese mice. Collectively, our results support pursuit of THADA as a potential target for developing T2DM therapies.
Responsive materials and mechanisms as thermal safety systems for skin-interfaced electronic devices
Authors: Yoo Seonggwang , Yang Tianyu , Park Minsu , Jeong Hyoyoung , Lee Young Joong , Cho Donghwi , Kim Joohee , Kwak Sung Soo , Shin Jaeho , Park Yoonseok , Wang Yue , Miljkovic Nenad , King William P. , Rogers John A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSoft, wireless physiological sensors that gently adhere to the skin are capable of continuous clinical-grade health monitoring in hospital and/or home settings, of particular value to critically ill infants and other vulnerable patients, but they present risks for injury upon thermal failure. This paper introduces an active materials approach that automatically minimizes such risks, to complement traditional schemes that rely on integrated sensors and electronic control circuits. The strategy exploits thin, flexible bladders that contain small volumes of liquid with boiling points a few degrees above body temperature. When the heat exceeds the safe range, vaporization rapidly forms highly effective, thermally insulating structures and delaminates the device from the skin, thereby eliminating any danger to the skin. Experimental and computational thermomechanical studies and demonstrations in a skin-interfaced mechano-acoustic sensor illustrate the effectiveness of this simple thermal safety system and suggest its applicability to nearly any class of skin-integrated device technology.
Time-series quantum reservoir computing with weak and projective measurements
Authors: Mujal Pere , Martínez-Peña Rodrigo , Giorgi Gian Luca , Soriano Miguel C. , Zambrini Roberta 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTime-series processing is a major challenge in machine learning with enormous progress in the last years in tasks such as speech recognition and chaotic series prediction. A promising avenue for sequential data analysis is quantum machine learning, with computational models like quantum neural networks and reservoir computing. An open question is how to efficiently include quantum measurement in realistic protocols while retaining the needed processing memory and preserving the quantum advantage offered by large Hilbert spaces. In this work, we propose different measurement protocols and assess their efficiency in terms of resources, through theoretical predictions and numerical analysis. We show that it is possible to exploit the quantumness of the reservoir and to obtain ideal performance both for memory and forecasting tasks with two successful measurement protocols. One repeats part of the experiment after each projective measurement while the other employs weak measurements operating online at the trade-off where information can be extracted accurately and without hindering the needed memory, in spite of back-action effects. Our work establishes the conditions for efficient time-series processing paving the way to its implementation in different quantum technologies.