bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of economic evaluations for opioid misuse, cannabis and illicit drug use prevention
Authors: Faller Jan , Le Long Khanh-Dao , Chatterton Mary Lou , Perez Joahna Kevin , Chiotelis Oxana , Tran Huong Ngoc Quynh , Sultana Marufa , Hall Natasha , Lee Yong Yi , Chapman Cath , Newton Nicola , Slade Tim , Sunderland Matt , Teesson Maree , Mihalopoulos Cathrine 
Published: August 2023

Background
Substance use disorders negatively affect global disease burden. Effective preventive interventions are available, but whether they provide value for money is unclear.

Aims
This review looks at the cost-effectiveness evidence of preventive interventions for cannabis use, opioid misuse and illicit drug use.

Method
Literature search was undertaken in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EconLit through EBSCOhost and EMBASE, up to May 2021. Grey literature search was conducted as supplement. Studies included were full economic evaluations or return-on-investment (ROI) analyses for preventing opioid misuse, cannabis and illicit drug use. English-language restriction was used. Outcomes extracted were incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) or ROI ratios, with costs presented in 2019 United States dollars. Quality was assessed with the Drummond checklist.

Results
Eleven full economic evaluation studies were identified from 5674 citations, with all studies conducted in high-income countries. Most aimed to prevent opioid misuse (n = 4), cannabis (n = 3) or illicit drug use (n = 5). Modelling was the predominant methodology (n = 7). Five evaluated school-based universal interventions targeting children and adolescents (aged <18 years). Five cost–benefit studies reported cost-savings. One cost-effectiveness and two cost–utility analysis studies supported the cost-effectiveness of interventions, as ICERs fell under prespecified value-for-money thresholds.

Conclusions
There are limited economic evaluations of preventive interventions for opioid misuse, cannabis and illicit drug use. Family-based intervention (ParentCorps), school-based interventions (Social and Emotional Training and Project ALERT) and a doctor's programme to assess patient risk of misusing narcotics (‘the Network System to Prevent Doctor-Shopping for Narcotics’) show promising cost-effectiveness and warrant consideration.
Trajectories of distress and recovery, secondary stressors and social cure processes in people who used the resilience hub after the Manchester Arena bombing
Authors: Stancombe John , Williams Richard , Drury John , Hussey Louise , Gittins Matthew , Barrett Alan , French Paul , Chitsabesan Prathiba 
Published: August 2023

Background
Terrorist incidents lead to a range of mental health outcomes for people affected, sometimes extending years after the event. Secondary stressors can exacerbate them, and social support can provide mitigation and aid recovery. There is a need to better understand distress and mitigating factors among survivors of the Manchester Arena attack in 2017.

Aims
We explored three questions. First, what experiences of distress did participants report? Second, how might secondary stressors have influenced participants’ psychosocial recoveries? Third, what part has social support played in the relationships between distress and participants’ recovery trajectories?

Method
We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of a convenience sample of survivors of the Manchester Arena bombing (N = 84) in January 2021 (3 years 8 months post-incident), and a longitudinal study of the same participants’ scores on mental health measures over 3 years from September 2017.

Results
Survivors’ mental well-being scores in early 2021 were significantly lower than general population norms. Longitudinal follow-up provided evidence of enduring distress. Secondary stressors, specifically disruptions to close relationships, were associated with greater post-event distress and slower recovery. We found an indirect relationship between identifying with, and receiving support from, others present at the event and mental well-being >3 years later.

Conclusions
The Arena attack has had an enduring impact on mental health, even in survivors who had a mild response to the event. The quality of close relationships is pivotal to long-term outcome. Constructive support from family and friends, and people with shared experiences, are key to social cure processes that facilitate coping and recovery.
Mental Health literacy: Perspectives from Northern Kenya Turkana adolescents
Authors: Wadende P. , Sodi T. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionMental illness accounts for high levels of morbidity, mortality, and poor quality of life among young people. Globally, 1 in 7 youth between 10-19 years are mentally ill making up 13% of the global burden of disease; depression, anxiety, conduct disorders, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder lead here. Unaddressed mental illness progresses into adulthood disrupting victims’ lives. In Kenya, school going adolescent mental illness is manifested in violent outbursts such as arson attacks, intimate partner violence and riots in school. Not much is documented of non-school going adolescents and children in Kenya even while it is estimated that they number about 1.8 million. To seek help for mental illness, one has to recognize and understand it causes.ObjectivesAn ethnographic study exploring rural based Kenyan adolescents’ conceptualizations, causes and management options for Depression, Schizophrenia and anxiety among the rural Turkana community of Northern Kenya.MethodsAn ethnographic study exploring rural based Kenyan adolescents’ conceptualizations, causes and management options for Depression, Schizophrenia and anxiety among the rural Turkana community of Northern Kenya. We conducted Focus Group Discussions with 32 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 divided into four groups; school going girls and non-school going girls and a similar two groups for boys. We first read out scenarios in which the main character exhibited symptoms of one of the three mental health conditions and analyzed the data thematically.Results32 participants described the health conditions without referring to the local names we had collected earlier; Depression (Akiyalolong) Schizophrenia (waarit/ Ngikerep) Anxiety (Ngatameta naaronok). Participants conceived the three conditions as resulting from extreme sadness attending loss, traumatic event, curses and rarely as mental illness. They assigned curses, guilt, hunger pangs, evil spells as causes and believed friends and age-mates, parents, teachers, the local chief among other options could help and rarely medical intervention.ConclusionsInterventions to improve the adolescent’s knowledge of mental illness is needed so they can seek help for themselves and possibly help others.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Experimental models of autism spectrum disorders on the example of the use of brain organelles
Authors: Sidenkova A. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionASD are heterogeneous pathological conditions characterized by difficulties in establishing social contacts and the manifestation of repetitive behavior. An atypical trajectory of brain maturation, impaired neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and an imbalance in the excitatory and inhibitory systems of the CNS form the morphofunctional basis of the ASD.ObjectivesTo understand the functioning of this complexly organized system in time and space, a three-dimensional model is needed. The closest in vitro model of the human brain from early embryonic stages to aging is brain organoids. Human brain organoids are self-organizing three-dimensional cell aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)MethodsOrganelles generalize neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, cell migration and cell differentiation, gyrification of the cerebral cortex, and reflect the connections of brain regions.ResultsThe use of telencephalon organelles in the RAS model revealed a deficit in neuronal migration, acceleration and disruption of cell cycle synchronization, aberrant cell proliferation, abundant synaptogenesis, temporary deviations in the development of the cortex, increased branching of neurons, unbalanced inhibitory differentiation of neurons, high activity of ion channels is a consequence of a violation of FOXG1 activity. Organelles generalize neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, cell migration and cell differentiation, gyrification of the cerebral cortex, and reflect the connections of brain regions.The use of telencephalon organelles in the RAS model revealed a deficit in neuronal migration, acceleration and disruption of cell cycle synchronization, aberrant cell proliferation, abundant synaptogenesis, temporary deviations in the development of the cortex, increased branching of neurons, unbalanced inhibitory differentiation of neurons, high activity of ion channels is a consequence of a violation of FOXG1 activity .ConclusionshiPSCs can provide insight into the cellular mechanisms underlying ASD as a neuropsychiatric disorder, providing access to the development of platforms for in vitro drug screening and individualized patient therapy.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Alterations in peripheral levels of cytokines and associated inflammatory markers in acute and chronic stages of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Halstead S. , Siskind D. , Amft M. , Wagner E. , Yakimov V. , Liu Z. , Walder K. , Warren N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionIt has been previously identified that levels of peripheral inflammatory proteins, such as cytokines, are altered in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD).ObjectivesAs there is considerable inconsistency in the literature with respect to how inflammatory profiles differ between acute and chronic stages of SSD, a systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed.MethodsRecords from CINAHL, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from inception until 31 March 2022 for published studies that had measured levels of inflammatory proteins in cases of SSD and healthy controls. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to determine whether there were significant differences in mean peripheral protein concentrations between acute SSD, chronic SSD, and healthy controls.ResultsAfter application of the screening process, 215 articles were included for data-analysis. One group of markers were consistently elevated (p<0·05) in both acute and chronic SSD, relative to healthy controls; this group comprised interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). A second group of markers were inconsistently altered between illness stages: IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ were significantly elevated (p<0·05) in acute SSD, whilst IL-4, IL-12 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased (p<0·05) in chronic SSD.ConclusionsThese results indicate that a baseline level of inflammatory protein alteration occurs in SSD throughout the course of illness. This was evident from the group of markers that were consistently elevated in acute and chronic SSD (e.g., IL-6), representing possible trait markers. Moreover, superimposed immune activity may occur in acute SSD, given the group of possible state markers that were increased only in acute illness (e.g., IFN-γ). Further research is required to elucidate whether these peripheral changes are reflected within the central nervous system.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Suicide risk among residents in a cross-sectional study: the role of the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide
Authors: Magliocca S. , Pontiggia M. , Madeddu F. , Calati R. , Zeppegno P. , Gramaglia C. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionThe peculiar requests of postgraduate teaching could affect the students’ lives, predisposing them to mental disorders and suicide risk (e.g. Abreu et al., 2021). The Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) (Joiner, 2005) is a model that has proved useful in explaining this risk.ObjectivesWe analyzed risk factors associated with current suicidal ideation (SI) and history of suicidal planning and/or suicide attempt (SP/SA) in a sample of 97 Italian residents in psychological (n= 17, 17.5%) and medical and health care area (n=80, 82.5%) (mean age 29.18±3.25 SD).MethodsSocio-demographic, psychological (i.e. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory – II; BDI-II, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Reasons For Living Inventory; RFL, Psychache Scale, Mental pain questionnaire; MPQ, Visual Analogue Scale - VAS - on mental pain, Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale-Fearlessness About Death) psychosocial (i.e. Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire; INQ, UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; MSPSS) and somatic pain features (i.e. VAS, Pain Vigilance and Awareness Questionnaire; Self-Awareness Questionnaire; SAQ) were collected through an online questionnaire. We compared residents with SI vs No SI and residents with SP/SA vs No SP/SA and the emerged significant variables, have been inserted in logistic regression models with stepwise method, backward elimination.ResultsThe presence of depression (BDI-II), low reasons for living (RFL), psychological pain (Psychache Scale and MPQ), interoceptive awareness (SAQ), Thwarted Belongingness (TB, INQ subscale), loneliness (UCLA) and low perceived social support (MSPSS) were associated with both current SI and history of SP/SA. Concerning regression models, TB (INQ) increased the likelihood of SI while Survival and Coping Beliefs (RFL subscale) reduced it. The model explained 49% of the variance of SI by correctly predicting 88.7% of SI cases. Perceived social support (MSPSS)reduced the likelihood of current SP/SA levels while interoceptive awareness (SAQ) increased it. This model explained 40% of the variance of SP/SA by correctly predicting 82.5% of suicide risk cases.ConclusionsWe have identified risk and protective factors for suicide, consistent with the IPTS, which can orient the prevention, evaluation and clinical treatment of residents.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid psychiatric disorders: preliminary results of an 8-year retrospective study using real data
Authors: Santos G. , Ferreira A. R. , Gonçalves-Pinho M. , Freitas A. , Fernandes L. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of mortality worldwide. In Portugal, it is estimated to afflict 14.2% of the population over the age of 45 and is one of the most common causes of morbidity, with a significant social impact and excessive expenses. Moreover, COPD is associated with high levels of psychological distress and diverse psychiatric disorders that heighten the disease burden as they are associated with increased risk of exacerbations and frequent hospitalizations. Despite this overview, psychiatric conditions remain understudied compared to comorbid general medical conditions, and few studies have assessed their effect on COPD hospitalization outcomes.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the occurrence of a vast array of psychiatric comorbid diagnoses in COPD hospitalizations and to understand their impact on hospitalization outcomes.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted. All inpatient episodes from 2008 to 2015 of patients with at least 40 years and a primary diagnosis of COPD (ICD-9-CM codes 491.x, 492.x and 496) were selected from a national administrative database that included all hospitalizations in mainland public hospitals. From these sampled episodes, secondary psychiatric diagnoses were identified (ICD-9-CM codes 290.x-319.x). Age at hospitalization, sex, psychiatric comorbidities, length of stay (LoS) in days, admission type and date, destination after discharge, in-hospital mortality and hospital charges were analyzed.ResultsFrom a total of 66,661 COPD hospitalizations, 17,652 (26.5%) corresponded to episodes with a secondary psychiatric diagnosis. Patients with a comorbid psychiatric diagnosis were on average younger at admission (70.3 vs. 75.9 years, p<0.001), had a longer median LoS (9.89 vs. 9.33 days, p<0.001) and higher urgent admission rates (96.2% vs. 95.7%, p=0.009). There was also a significant association between discharge destination and psychiatric diagnoses (p<0.001).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that mental disorders have an adverse and quantifiable impact on COPD hospitalization outcomes. With this in mind, to provide optimal treatment for patients with both conditions, psychiatric disorders should become a matter of routine evaluation and follow-up.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors: Shedding light on the mother-daughter dyad and grandmother-mother-daughter triad
Authors: Talmon A. , Tsur N. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionPrevious studies have established a relation between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors. However, this pattern of relations has not yet been studied within the nuclear family interactions.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine a model illuminating the transgenerational mechanism underlying the association between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors.MethodsOne-hundred-sixty-eight Israeli mothers and their young-adult-daughters (discovery sample) and 143 Israeli grandmother-mother-daughter triads (replication sample) filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing their history of childhood maltreatment and level of eating disorder behaviors.ResultsResults of structural equation modeling (SEM) in the discovery sample indicated that mothers’ childhood maltreatment was associated with daughters’ childhood maltreatment and that mothers’ eating disorder behaviors were also associated with daughters’ eating disorder behaviors. In addition, for both mothers and daughters, childhood maltreatment was associated with eating disorder behaviors. Finally, an indirect effect was found in which the relation between mothers’ childhood maltreatment and daughters’ eating disorders was mediated by mothers’ eating disorders. Partial replication was observed; grandmothers’ childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with mothers’ childhood maltreatment. Grandmothers’ eating disorder behaviors were associated with mothers’ eating disorders and mothers’ eating disorders were associated with daughters’ eating disorders. Finally, an indirect effect was found in which the association between grandmothers’ eating disorders and daughters’ eating disorders were mediated by mothers’ eating disorders.ConclusionsThese findings point to the significant contribution of the mother-daughter relationship in different aspects of the intergenerational transmission of both childhood maltreatment and eating disorder behaviors. These findings highlight the need to include a trauma-informed family-system approach in the treatment of eating disorders.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Addressing Decision-Making Capacity in Application of Involuntary Treatment in Latvia: Case Law Analysis
Authors: Konstantinova K. , Olsena S. 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionA well-established principle is that informed consent is an obligatory requirement for any medical intervention; a patient’s decision-making capacity to consent is a requirement for legally valid consent. Some individuals may be unable to give valid informed consent due to their limited mental capacity. In such cases, laws permit substitute decision-making and involvement of the patient as far as possible (Art.6, Oviedo Convention). National laws of European countries allow persons with mental health problems to be deprived of their liberty and undergo involuntary treatment, namely treatment without a patient’s informed consent, in certain circumstances. Procedural safeguards must be secured, and a court must review its lawfulness (FRA, 2012). The legality of involuntary treatment is highly debated by various audiences (CRPD committee, CoE bodies). In Latvia and other countries, the requirement to assess a person’s decision-making capacity in the application of involuntary treatment is not required.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to reveal the role of a person’s decision-making capacity to consent to the treatment of mental disorders in cases where involuntary treatment was approved by courts.MethodsA retrospective case law study method was applied. Anonymised decisions of Latvian courts at www.manas.tiesas.lv in cases of involuntary treatment in Latvian adult psychiatric hospitals since 2010 were collected and analysed. The content of decisions concerning persons’ decision-making capacity and applicable legal regulations were studied.ResultsThe case law revealed that the decision-making capacity had not been addressed regularly and in detail. Latvian law does not require an assessment of capacity, and as a result, the courts do also not require any data. Some elements of decision-making abilities, such as the limited ability to comprehend or process information, are mentioned in the decisions of courts.ConclusionsThere is a need to address the significance of decision-making capacity in the application of patients’ rights law in clinical and legal settings when involuntary treatment is suggested or applied. There is a need to amend the laws justifying the limitations of patients’ rights, particularly concerning involuntary treatment.AcknowledgementsThis paper has been prepared within the research project “Towards a human rights approach for mental health patients with a limited capacity: A legal, ethical and clinical perspective”, No. lzp-2020/1-0397 and the project “Strengthening of the capacity of doctoral studies at the University of Latvia within the framework of the new doctoral model, identification No.8.2.2.0/20/I/006”Disclosure of InterestNone Declared