bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Free Muscle Flaps—Risk or Benefit?
Authors: Dornseifer Ulf , Pfeiler Peter Paul , Kargl Lukas , Moog Philipp , Schilling Arndt F. , Ninkovic Milomir 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Application of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on free flaps not only reduces edema but also increases the pressure from outside. The impact of these opposite effects on flap perfusion remains elusive. This study evaluates the NPWT system's influence on macro- and microcirculation of free flaps and edema reduction to better assess the clinical value of this therapy in microsurgical reconstructions.
Methods In this open-label, prospective cohort study, a total of 26 patients with free gracilis muscle flaps for distal lower extremity reconstruction were included. Flaps were covered with an NPWT (13 patients) or a conventional, fatty gauze dressing (13 patients) for 5 postoperative days (PODs). Changes in flap perfusion were analyzed by laser Doppler flowmetry, remission spectroscopy, and an implanted Doppler probe. Flap volume as a surrogate parameter for flap edema was evaluated by three-dimensional (3D) scans.
Results No flap showed clinical evidence of circulatory disturbances. The groups showed significant differences in the dynamic of macrocirculatory blood flow velocity with an increase in the NPWT group and a decelerated flow in the control group from PODs 0 to 3 and PODs 3 to 5. No significant differences in microcirculation parameters were observed. 3D scans for estimation of edema development demonstrated significant differences in volume dynamics between the groups. Flap volume of the controls increased, while the volume in the NPWT group decreased during the first 5 PODs. The volume of NPWT-treated flaps decreased even further after NPWT removal from PODs 5 to 14 and significantly more than the flap volume in the control group.
Conclusion NPWT is a safe form of dressing for free muscle flaps that enhances blood flow and results in a sustainable edema reduction. The use of NPWT dressings for free flaps should therefore be considered not only as a pure wound covering but also as a supportive therapy for free tissue transfer.
Interleukin-6 in Spinal Cord Injury: Could Immunomodulation Replace Immunosuppression in the Management of Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries?
Authors: Shipman Hank , Monsour Molly , Foley Madeline M. , Marbacher Serge , Croci Davide M. , Bisson Erica F. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) result in devastating impairment to an individual's functional ability. The pathophysiology of SCI is related to primary injury but further propagated by secondary reactions to injury, such as inflammation and oxidation. The inflammatory and oxidative cascades ultimately cause demyelination and Wallerian degeneration. Currently, no treatments are available to treat primary or secondary injury in SCI, but some studies have shown promising results by lessening secondary mechanisms of injury. Interleukins (ILs) have been described as key players in the inflammation cascade after neuronal injury; however, their role and possible inhibition in the context of acute traumatic SCIs have not been widely studied. Here, we review the relationship between SCI and IL-6 concentrations in the CSF and serum of individuals after traumatic SCIs. Furthermore, we explore the dual IL-6 signaling pathways and their relevance for future IL-6 targeted therapies in SCI.
Hearing Thresholds at High Frequencies: Age as a Predictor of Values
Authors: Chiriboga Laura Franco , Sideri Karolina Pessote , Chamouton Carla Salles , Oliveira Júlia Nayara Silva , Arteta Luis Miguel Chiriboga 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction The audiological evaluation has the main objective of determining the integrity of the auditory system. Pure tone audiometry is a standardized behavioral procedure that aims to investigate auditory thresholds to describe auditory sensitivity. Despite being recognized since the mid-1960s, high frequency audiometry is still little used and explored in clinical practice, and its use is more considered as an audiological monitoring tool or as a research tool.
Objective To analyze the audiological thresholds of high frequency audiometry in normal hearing individuals, and to verify the predictive capacity of age in the auditory thresholds of high frequency audiometry.
Methods This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, and quantitative study that was approved by the Research Ethics Committee under number 5.039.583/21. The procedures were: clinical evaluation, pure tone audiometry, acoustic immittance measurements, and high frequency audiometry. All data collected from the exams were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using appropriate statistical tests in the Statistical Package Social Sciences software.
Results A total of 980 medical records were analyzed. The right and left ears presented similar tonal hearing thresholds for the frequencies of 12 kHz and 16 kHz. The threshold variance of 29.8% in the 12 kHz frequency can be explained by the variance of age, while, for the frequency of 16 kHz, this percentage is of 46.4%.
Conclusion For 12 kHz hearing thresholds, an increase of 1 year leads to a 0.66 dBHL increase in hearing threshold. For 16 kHz hearing thresholds, an increase of 1 year leads to a 1.02 dBHL increase in hearing threshold.
High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy for Management of Postoperative Pneumocephalus
Authors: Begum Fahmeena , Moningi Srilata , Murthy T Narasimha 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPostoperative pneumocephalus (PNC) is very common in craniotomy surgeries. It can be asymptomatic or if present in more volumes can cause symptoms such as lethargy, headache, confusion, or even severe neurological deficit. Treatment of pneumocephalus with supplemental oxygen via facemask is a common neurosurgical practice. There is not much evidence of use of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNOT) for the management of PNC. Here we report a case of an 8-year-old boy with postoperative symptomatic pneumocephalus, which resolved with the application of supplemental oxygen via a high-flow nasal cannula with 30 L/min flow and FiO2 of 0.7 over 72 hours. High-flow nasal oxygen therapy can be an effective modality of treatment for postoperative PNC with added advantages of patient comfort and maintenance of warmth and moisture of the respiratory tract.
Oral Midodrine as an Adjunct in Rapid Weaning of Intravenous Vasopressor Support in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sekar Arunkumar , Datta Debajyoti , Lakha Avinash , Jena Sritam Swaroop , Bansal Sumit , Sahu Rabi Narayan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background Majority of acute cervical spinal cord injury end up requiring long-term stay in intensive care unit (ICU). During the initial few days after spinal cord injury, most patients are hemodynamically unstable requiring intravenous vasopressors. However, many studies have noted that long-term intravenous vasopressors remain the main reason for prolongation of ICU stay. In this series, we report the effect of using oral midodrine in reducing the amount and duration of intravenous vasopressors in patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury.
Materials and Methods Five adult patients with cervical spinal cord injury after initial evaluation and surgical stabilization are assessed for the need for intravenous vasopressors. If patients continue to need intravenous vasopressors for more than 24 hours, they were started on oral midodrine. Its effect on weaning of intravenous vasopressors was assessed.
Results Patients with systemic and intracranial injury were excluded from the study. Midodrine helped in weaning of intravenous vasopressors in the first 24 to 48 hours and helped in complete weaning of intravenous vasopressors. The rate of reduction was between 0.5 and 2.0 µg/min.
Conclusion Oral midodrine does have an effect in reduction of intravenous vasopressors for patients needing prolonged support after cervical spine injury. The real extent of this effect needs to be studied with collaboration of multiple centers dealing with spinal injuries. The approach seems to be a viable alternative to rapidly wean intravenous vasopressors and reduce duration of ICU stay.
Outcome of Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy in Rural India in a Single-Level Lumbar Disc Prolapse Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Nair Vishnu Vikraman , Kohli Sarabjeet , Vishwakarma Nilesh , Mhatre Juilee 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to undertake a clinical study to evaluate the outcomes of transforaminal endoscopic discectomy under local anesthesia and to study the complication rate.
Study Design It is a prospective study.
Methods We prospectively analyzed outcomes of 60 patients with a single-level lumbar disc prolapse in rural India from December 2018 to April 2020 who underwent endoscopic discectomy under local anesthesia. Follow-up was done using the visual analogue score (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scoring systems with a minimum follow-up up to 1 year postoperatively.
Results In our study of 60 patients, there was 38 cases of L4-L5 disc pathology, 13 L5–S1 discs, and 9 L3-L4 discs. Our study showed a significant clinical reduction in mean VAS score that was 7.07/10 preoperatively and reduced to 3.88/10 at the third month and 3.64/10 at 1 year of follow-up (p-value < 0.05) showing clinical significance. The ODI scoring done preoperatively was an average mean of 57.37% pointing to how crippled the patients were with lumbar disc prolapse and showed a significant reduction to 29.32% postoperatively at 1 year (p-value < 0.05) showing clinical significance. This reduction in ODI directly corelates to how almost all patients returned to normal life coping to all activities and were completely pain free at 1 year of follow-up.
Conclusion Endoscopic spine surgery in lumbar disc prolapse is highly effective and can deliver a good functional outcome if done with correct preoperative planning and approach.
Nuclear bomb and public health
Authors: Xu Shan , Dodt Alicia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSince the nuclear bomb attack against Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, the world has advanced in nuclear technology. Today, a nuclear bomb could target a large-scale attack, at a longer range, and with much greater destructive force. People are increasingly concerned about the potential destructive humanitarian outcomes. We discuss actual conditions detonation of an atomic bomb would create, radiation injuries, and diseases. We also address concerns about functionality of medical care systems and other systems that support medical systems (i.e., transport, energy, supply chain, etc. systems) following a massive nuclear attack and whether citizens able to survive this.
Optical signatures of suppressed carrier localization in encapsulated WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Hossen Raqibul , Park Sang-Hyuk , Lee Seong-Yeon , Yee Ki-Ju , Yim Sang-Youp , Jho Young-Dahl 
Published: June 2023

Low carrier mobility, closely associated with the formation of localized states, is the major bottleneck of utilizing the unique quantum transport properties in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Here, we demonstrate an effective method to quantify the localization energy based on the temperature-dependent spectral variation of photoluminescence (PL) in pristine and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) encapsulated monolayer (ML) WSe2. Considering the protecting capability of h-BN against contamination and degradation, while not affecting the electronic structure as an insulating dielectric, the localization energy was comparatively extracted out of PL spectra in pristine and encapsulated ML WSe2. In pristine ML WSe2, two distinctive energy traces were resolved with an energy difference of about 17 meV, which was associated with the localized state revealed below 200 K. Clear evidence for the carrier localization was also evident in the integrated PL intensity trace with temperature as the trace from pristine ML clearly deviates from the dark-exciton-like behavior of ML WSe2, violating the spin selection rule of the lowest exciton state. In clear contrast, the temperature dependency of the h-BN encapsulated ML WSe2 in PL spectra matches well with the typical Varshni formula of free excitonic peaks and the integrated intensity trace of thermally populated spin subbands. Our study suggests that the h-BN encapsulation could suppress the carrier localization channels by avoiding surface oxidation due to air exposure and could provide insights into how one could preserve the excitonic features in TMDC materials and devices.
Pure existentials vs. pure presentationals
Authors: Gaeta Livio 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Existential constructions are usually defined as sentences in which an entity is associated with some location. In the paper, a semasiological approach is adopted, which is essentially constructional in nature and assumes that existential constructions result from the grammaticalization of other (more basic) source constructions. This allows us to show that in spite of the basic nature of the spatial dimension, other source constructions are possible which are not directly based on space. They can be contrasted with pure presentationals which in a way represent their conceptual counterpart in the sense that the existence of the entity involved is presupposed only with regard to the specific utterance and is not independently established in the spatial dimension.
Homoepitaxial growth of (100) Si-doped β-Ga2O3 films via MOCVD
Authors: Tang Wenbo , Han Xueli , Zhang Xiaodong , Li Botong , Ma Yongjian , Zhang Li , Chen Tiwei , Zhou Xin , Bian Chunxu , Hu Yu , Chen Duanyang , Qi Hongji , Zeng Zhongming , Zhang Baoshun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Homoepitaxial growth of Si-doped β-Ga2O3 films on semi-insulating (100) β-Ga2O3 substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is studied in this work. By appropriately optimizing the growth conditions, an increasing diffusion length of Ga adatoms is realized, suppressing 3D island growth patterns prevalent in (100) β-Ga2O3 films and optimizing the surface morphology with [010] oriented stripe features. The slightly Si-doped β-Ga2O3 film shows smooth and flat surface morphology with a root-mean-square roughness of 1.3 nm. Rocking curves of the (400) diffraction peak also demonstrate the high crystal quality of the Si-doped films. According to the capacitance–voltage characteristics, the effective net doping concentrations of the films are 5.41 × 1015 – 1.74 × 1020 cm−3. Hall measurements demonstrate a high electron mobility value of 51 cm2/(V·s), corresponding to a carrier concentration of 7.19 × 1018 cm−3 and a high activation efficiency of up to 61.5%. Transmission line model (TLM) measurement shows excellent Ohmic contacts and a low specific contact resistance of 1.29 × 10-4 Ω·cm2 for the Si-doped film, which is comparable to the Si-implanted film with a concentration of 5.0 × 1019 cm−3, confirming the effective Si doing in the MOCVD epitaxy.
Finite Element Simulation on Seismic Behavior of Composite Shear Wall Systems
Authors: Li Yikang , Zhang Qian , Liu Xiaomin , Zhou Junlong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Composite shear wall (CSW) system consists of a steel boundary frame and a steel panel with a reinforced concrete (RC) panel attached to it using threaded bolts. Finite element (FE) simulations were conducted on two types of the CSW system, namely traditional and innovative CSW system, respectively. For traditional CSW system, the RC panel is in direct contact with the steel boundary frame; while for innovative CSW system, there is a gap in between. FE models were developed and validated using test data. The effects of major parameters, including steel panel thickness, RC panel thickness, and gap between frame and RC panel, were examined using the validated models. The numerical simulations indicated that steel panel thickness significantly affected lateral strength and initial stiffness of both innovative and traditional CSW systems. Although RC panel thickness and gap between frame and RC panel had negligible effects on system strength and stiffness characteristics, they should also be carefully designed to ensure local stability of the steel panel and system ductility.
Stability Analysis of Earth Dams in a Landfill: A Case Study
Authors: Ma Lili , Zhao Zhiyuan , Wang Kuanjun , Huang Yupei , Liu Haochen , Yang Qinfeng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The dam is an important structure of landfill, and its stability is vital to the landfill safety. However, due to lack of specific design specifications, the design and stability of landfill dam have been conducted based on several relevant specifications. Therefore, taking the landfill project in Hangzhou for example, stability analyses of three temporal earth dams are performed, based on limit equilibrium method (LEM) and strength reduction method (SRM). It is found that two dams are stable, while the third one is in basically stable state by LEM and in understable state by SRM, respectively. Then it is recommended that the construction should strictly follow the design requirements, backfilling simultaneously on both sides of the dam. Finally, the analytical framework or few conclusions in this paper is expected to be a reference for earth dams in landfill.
Research and Application of Stress Calculation Method for Sucker Rod String
Authors: Zang Yunong , Luo Congying , Zheng Gang , Liang Yi , Zhao Chun , Fan Song , Zhou Yangfan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sucker rod plays a very important role in rod pumping system. If the rod string is not designed properly, it will cause sucker rod failure and affect crude oil production. Allowable stress is the key data in the design of sucker rod string. In order to accurately analyze the allowable stress of sucker rod string, one-dimensional damping wave equation and finite difference algorithm are applied in this paper to accurately analyze the maximum stress, minimum stress and maximum allowable stress of each part of sucker rod string. It is possible to pay close attention to the stress situation of sucker rod and take corresponding measures to extend the service life of sucker rod. The example shows the maximum stress value of the sucker rod is not at or near the top of the cone, for directional wells, but at the maximum inclination angle of the well section. This indicates that the well section with large inclination angle in directional wells is more likely to fail the sucker rod than the top of the cone point. Therefore, we should pay close attention to the sensitive part with large inclination angle and dogleg degree and take corresponding measures to prolong the service life of the sucker rod.
Analysis of Pull-out of Shear Connectors in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures Considering Discontinuous Deformation
Authors: Sun Liangfeng , Dong Weiwei , Lin Jianping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The widely used steel-concrete composite structures can fully utilize the high strength of steel and the relatively high compressive strength of concrete. In the service stage of composite structures, the shear connectors not only subjected to the shear forces, but also pull-out loading. The pull-out process of shear connectors is accompanied by the crack initiation and propagation of concrete. In order to accurately analyze the discontinuous pull-out process and the pull-out capacities of shear connectors, a zero-thickness cohesive zone element based on the enhanced finite element method was used to simulate the concrete crack propagation in the pull-out process of shear connectors. Then, the numerical model of the pull-out of the shear connector was established, and the pull-out process was investigated. The load displacement curve of the pull-out process, the pull-out capacity and the crack patterns were obtained. The discontinuous deformation of the concrete crack initiation and propagation during the pull-out process was successfully simulated
Effect of Water-Solid Ratio on Physical Properties of Tobermorite Type Thermal Insulation Materials
Authors: Yang Xiuli , Zhu Renmiao , Xu Bin , Yang Jinfa , Wang Yichen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, diatomite is used as the main raw material to prepare tobermorite type thermal insulation material. According to the characteristics of the reaction system, appropriate amount of waste aerated concrete is added to the raw materials. After adding crystal seeds into the reaction system, the crystal of the reaction products is more complete, the crystal grains are larger, and the degree of crystallization is higher. The maximum use temperature of the prepared tobermorite insulation material can reach 750°C - 850°C. If the service temperature continues to rise, the volume will shrink and cracks will easily occur, which is caused by the transformation of internal crystals. After studying the influence of water solid ratio of reaction system on the apparent density, thermal conductivity and flexural strength of samples, it can be seen that 300kg/m3 thermal insulation material can be prepared when the water solid ratio is 15:1. When the water solid ratio is 15:1, the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is 0.077W/(m • K), and the flexural strength is about 0.384MPa.
Computer Vision-based Monitoring Method for Differential Settlement of Shield Tunnels
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Chu Weihong , Tu Weixin , Su Hui , Lu Shiji , Xu Yu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Shield tunnels in soft soils are inevitably subject to large differential settlement during construction and long-term operation, which can lead to various diseases and then impair structural safety and durability. Due to the inefficiency of traditional inspection methods, timely and accurate monitoring methods are necessary to ensure the safe operation and long-term maintenance of tunnels. In this study, a computer vision-based monitoring method for differential settlement of shield tunnels was developed and implemented. The monitoring area is located in an interval tunnel of a subway line in Shanghai during the freezing construction of its side channel. The influence of camera position’s micro-change was considered. The field equipment mainly consists of high-resolution industrial CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) digital camera sets, LED (light emitting diode) lights and power modules. The differential settlement relative to datum points are obtained and vertical displacement of one ring acquired by total station is compared with the proposed method to verify the feasibility of the monitoring system. The results indicate that the monitoring system is reliable and can be further applied.
An Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission of Broken Wires in Steel Strand
Authors: Zhang Xueqi , Teng Gaofei , Gai Weiming , Jiang Ruijuan , Yan Fabao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Acoustic emission technology, as a nondestructive real-time monitoring technique, has been proven to be an effective method for monitoring dynamic damage of materials. The prestressing strand material used for constructing bridge ties is the focus of this study. This paper reports the experiment setup in detail. This test uses an oil pump to load the prestressing strand at a uniform rate for the tensile breakage test. Real-time signal acquisition of the strand damage during the tensile test was performed using acoustic emission equipment. The preliminary analysis of the data was used to determine the effect of amplifier and transducer type on signal acquisition.