bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Do We Start Caring About Insect Welfare?
Authors: Klobučar Tina , Fisher David N. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe world is facing an incoming global protein shortage due to existing malnutrition and further rapid increases in population size. It will however be difficult to greatly expand traditional methods of protein production such as cattle, chicken and pig farming, due to space limitations and environmental costs such as deforestation. As a result, alternative sources of protein that require less space and fewer resources, such as insects and other invertebrates, are being sought. The Neotropics are a key area of focus given the widespread prevalence of entomophagy and developing animal welfare regulations. Unlike vertebrate livestock however, insect “minilivestock” are typically not protected by existing animal welfare regulations. This is despite the fact that the evidence is mounting that insects possess “personalities”, may experience affective states analogous to emotions and feel something like pain. In this forum article, we highlight this discrepancy, outline some of the emerging research on the topic and identify areas for future research. There are various empirical and ethical questions that must be addressed urgently while insect farming is ramped up around the globe. Finally, we describe the benefits and also potential costs of regulation for insect welfare.
Development of double-sided friction stir welding of advanced high strength steel sheets
Authors: Matsushita Muneo , Yamagishi Daiki , Igi Satoshi , Ikeda Rinsei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDouble-sided friction stir welding (FSW), performed with a pair of rotation tools, was studied in an attempt to increase the joining speed when applied to welding of automotive advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). The experiments were performed on butt joint of 1.6-mm-thick 1180 MPa grade steel sheets, and sound welds were obtained when the travel speed was no more than 4 m/min, fairly comparable with laser beam welding (LBW), one of the conventional automotive welding processes. It was clarified by experimental and numerical analyses that the enhancement in travel speed was due to the unique material flow interactively developed by a pair of rotation tools. Double-sided FSW was performed at 3 m/min of joining speed on butt joint of dissimilar steel sheets in a combination of 1.5 GPa and 590 MPa grades. The mechanical properties of the welded joints were evaluated by tensile, V-bending and Erichsen tests comparing with LBW, which verified that double-sided FSW exhibited sufficient mechanical properties for the press-forming to produce automotive parts. A prototype automotive part was successfully fabricated using the tailor-welded blank welded with double-sided FSW, which demonstrates its applicability to automotive production.
The effects of non-andrological medications on erectile dysfunction: a large single-center retrospective study
Authors: Mazzilli R. , Zamponi V. , Mangini F. , Olana S. , Defeudis G. , Faggiano A. , Gianfrilli D. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the association among andrological diseases at the first outpatient visit and the medications taken by patients for other comorbidities, as well as the differential impact between specific medication and relative comorbidities.

Methods
This is a single-center retrospective study based on subjects who referred to the Andrology Unit with a well-defined andrological diagnosis.

Results
A total of 3752 subjects were studied (mean age ± DS 46.2 ± 16.5 years). A total of 19 categories of andrological diseases and 110 type of medications for other comorbidities were identified. ED was the most frequent andrological pathology at the first andrological examination (28.7%), followed by infertility (12.4%). The couple of variables that were statistically significant in the univariate association analysis (p < 0.001) were: ED and (a) antihypertensives; (b) antihyperglycemics; (c) lipids-lowering; (d) psychotropics. The univariate and multivariate regression analyses confirmed the association. All the related comorbidities were also significantly associated with the univariate analysis, and all remained significantly associated with multivariate analysis. A multivariate analysis was also conducted to analyze the association between ED and the following pairs of variables “DM-antihyperglycemics”, “dyslipidemia-lipids-lowering”, and “hypertension-antihypertensives”. In all cases, the pathology, but not the specific treatment, was significantly associated with ED.

Conclusion
ED is significantly associated with antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, lipid-lowering, psychotropic drugs’ intake. Anyway, ED appears to be more related to the diseases than to the specific therapies. The definitive cause/effect relationship should be established based on future prospective studies.
Pandemic Shift: Virtual Self-Care Courses for Caregivers of Veterans
Authors: Martindale-Adams Jennifer , Stark Deanna , Zuber Jeffrey , Scariano Linda , Green April , Nichols Linda O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSelf-care improves health and well-being, yet many caregivers neglect it. During COVID-19, self-care courses for caregivers of veterans transitioned from in-person to virtual videoconferencing. The format remained the same with caregiver groups and a trainer. This observational study examined in-person and virtual caregivers’ satisfaction with courses. Caregivers (1120 in-person, 962 virtual) could attend five courses before and following March 2020 transition to virtual. Evaluations (N = 1665) examined demographics, satisfaction, and utility. Characteristics were compared between in-person and virtual participants using chi-squared tests. Qualitative caregiver comments were compared. Half of the caregivers were over 60 years old; 49% had been caregivers at least 6 years. Caregivers were primarily women (91%) and spouses (75%), with more spouses virtually (p = 0.006) and more men in-person (p < 0.001). Both groups endorsed learning new information, planning to use it in caregiving and for themselves, increasing knowledge and skills, and having needs met. Caregiver comments revealed six types of benefits: new information, information review, positive effects, interaction, plans to act, and instructor qualities. Caregivers in virtual groups more often mentioned learning more information, being reminded of information, and planning to take further action; in-person caregivers more often mentioned interaction as a benefit. Caregivers were satisfied with and found benefit from in-person and virtual self-care courses. Although in-person courses allow for more social connection with others, virtual courses offer decreased travel costs for instructors and increased convenience and access for caregivers.
Digitalization and enterprise architecture management: a perspective on benefits and challenges
Authors: Möhring Michael , Keller Barbara , Schmidt Rainer , Sandkuhl Kurt , Zimmermann Alfred 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMany companies digitally transform their business models, processes, and services. They have also been using Enterprise Architecture Management approaches for a long time to synchronize corporate strategy and information technology. Such digitalization projects bring different challenges for Enterprise Architecture Management. Without understanding and addressing them, Enterprise Architecture Management projects will fail or not deliver the expected value. Since existing research has not yet addressed these challenges, they were investigated based on a qualitative expert study with leading industry experts from Europe. Furthermore, potential benefits of digitalization projects for Enterprise Architecture Management were researched. Our results provide a theoretical framework consisting of five identified challenges, triggers and a number of benefits. Furthermore, we discuss in what ways digitalization and EAM is a promising topic for future research.
Exploiting high-slip flow regimes to improve inference of glacier bed topography
Authors: Morin Alexi , Flowers Gwenn E. , Nolan Andrew , Brinkerhoff Douglas , Berthier Etienne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTheory and observation show that glacier-flow regimes characterized by high basal slip enhance the projection of topographic detail to the surface, motivating this investigation into the efficacy of using glacier surges to improve bed estimation. Here we adapt a Bayesian inversion scheme and apply it to real and synthetic data as a proof of concept. Synthetic tests show a reduction in mean RMSE between true and inferred beds by more than half, and an increase in the mean correlation coefficient of ~0.5, when data from slip- versus deformation-dominated regimes are used. Multi-epoch inversions, which partition slip- and deformation-dominated regimes, are shown to outperform inversions that average over these flow regimes thereby squandering information. Tests with real data from a surging glacier in Yukon, Canada, corroborate these results, while highlighting the challenges of limited or inconsistent data. With the growing torrent of satellite-based observations, fast-flow events such as glacier surges offer potential to improve bed estimation for some of the world's most dynamic glaciers.
Sturm–Liouville theory and decay parameter for quadratic markov branching processes
Authors: Chen Anyue , Chen Yong , Gao Wu-Jun , Wu Xiaohan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor a quadratic Markov branching process (QMBP), we show that the decay parameter is equal to the first eigenvalue of a Sturm–Liouville operator associated with the partial differential equation that the generating function of the transition probability satisfies. The proof is based on the spectral properties of the Sturm–Liouville operator. Both the upper and lower bounds of the decay parameter are given explicitly by means of a version of Hardy’s inequality. Two examples are provided to illustrate our results. The important quantity, the Hardy index, which is closely linked to the decay parameter of the QMBP, is deeply investigated and estimated.
Do Political Elites Have Accurate Perceptions of Social Conditions?
Authors: Thal Adam 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPoliticians often oppose economic policies benefiting low-income Americans. However, the mechanisms behind this political inequality are unclear. I ask whether politicians oppose these policies, in part, because they underestimate how many of those they govern are struggling financially. I test this theory with an original survey of 1,265 state legislative candidates. Contrary to my expectations, I find that politicians tend to overestimate how many of those they govern are struggling financially. At the same time, there are some instances in which politicians—and Republicans in particular—do underestimate the level of financial hardship among those they govern. In an experiment, I randomly assign politicians to have their misperceptions corrected. The results suggest that politicians' policy preferences would be similar even if they had a more accurate understanding of reality. Overall, the findings suggest that politicians may frequently misperceive the state of reality in which those they govern live.
Insurance Pricing, Distortions, and Moral Hazard: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Deposit Insurance
Authors: Shoukry George F. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPricing is integral to insurance design, directly influencing firm behavior and moral hazard, though its effects are insufficiently understood. I study a quasi-experiment in which deposit insurance premiums were changed for U.S. banks with unequal timing, generating differentials between banks in both levels and risk-based “steepness” of premiums. I find evidence that differentials in premiums resulted in distortions, including regulatory arbitrage, but also provided strong incentives to curb moral hazard. I find that firms that faced stronger pricing incentives to become (or remain) safer were more likely to subsequently do so than similar firms that faced weaker pricing incentives.
Importance of Atmospheric Transport on Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA) Concentrations in the Arctic Ocean During Summer Under Global Warming
Authors: Jiang Bei , Xie Zhouqing , Chen Afeng , Yue Fange , Yu Xiawei , Wang Longquan , Gu Weihua , Wu Xudong , Chai Zhangyan , Jin Ruilin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe climatic effects of aerosols derived from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) (e.g., methanesulfonic acid [MSA]) have long been of concern, particularly in the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean. Melting sea ice and increase in primary productivity can result in increased DMS emissions and MSA. However, the processes affecting MSA are complex. In addition to local sources, atmospheric chemistry processes, deposition, long‐distance transport, and regional heterogeneities influence MSA. This study used aerosol samples from the Chinese Polar Research Expedition during the summer of 2010–2016 and divided them into the Chukchi Sea (CS), high Arctic Ocean (HAO), and sea near Greenland (NG) to study the factors that influence the changes in MSA. For CS, MSA concentrations were primarily influenced by long‐distance transport from the Bering Sea air mass. Moreover, owing to the North Atlantic Oscillation, an increase in the Bering Sea temperature and a decrease in rainfall during air mass transport led to a significant increase in the concentration of MSA in the CS in 2016. When the sea ice concentration was between 0.2 and 0.6, high solar radiation likely promoted MSA formation in the HAO. For NG, the sources, rainfall and atmospheric chemical processes influenced the variations in MSA. This study highlights the importance of MSA transport in the CS and sea ice for MSA in the HAO under global warming.
IFNγ signaling in cytotoxic T cells restricts anti-tumor responses by inhibiting the maintenance and diversity of intra-tumoral stem-like T cells
Authors: Mazet Julie M. , Mahale Jagdish N. , Tong Orion , Watson Robert A. , Lechuga‐Vieco Ana Victoria , Pirgova Gabriela , Lau Vivian W. C. , Attar Moustafa , Koneva Lada A. , Sansom Stephen N. , Fairfax Benjamin P. , Gérard Audrey 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIFNγ is an immune mediator with concomitant pro- and anti-tumor functions. Here, we provide evidence that IFNγ directly acts on intra-tumoral CD8 T cells to restrict anti-tumor responses. We report that expression of the IFNγ receptor β chain (IFNγR2) in CD8 T cells negatively correlates with clinical responsiveness to checkpoint blockade in metastatic melanoma patients, suggesting that the loss of sensitivity to IFNγ contributes to successful antitumor immunity. Indeed, specific deletion of IFNγR in CD8 T cells promotes tumor control in a mouse model of melanoma. Chronic IFNγ inhibits the maintenance, clonal diversity and proliferation of stem-like T cells. This leads to decreased generation of T cells with intermediate expression of exhaustion markers, previously associated with beneficial anti-tumor responses. This study provides evidence of a negative feedback loop whereby IFNγ depletes stem-like T cells to restrict anti-tumor immunity. Targeting this pathway might represent an alternative strategy to enhance T cell-based therapies.
A study on the changing trend and influencing factors of hospitalization costs of schizophrenia in economically underdeveloped areas of China
Authors: Li Jianjian , Du Hongmei , Dou Feng , Yang Chao , Zhao Yini , Ma Zhibin , Hu Xiaobin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe public health problems caused by schizophrenia are becoming increasingly prominent and can place a huge economic burden on society. This study takes Gansu Province as an example to analyze the level and changing trend of the economic burden of schizophrenia inpatients in economically underdeveloped areas of China. Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 39,054 schizophrenics from 197 medical and health institutions in Gansu Province were selected as the research objects, and their medical expenses and related medical records were obtained from the medical information system. The rank sum test and Spearman rank correlation were used for univariate analysis. Quantile regression and random forest were used to analyze the influencing factors. The results show that the average length of stay of schizophrenics in Gansu Province of China was 52.01 days, and the average hospitalization cost was USD1653.96 from 2014 to 2019. During the six years, the average hospitalization costs per time decreased from USD2136.85 to USD1401.33. The average out-of-pocket costs per time decreased from USD1238.78 to USD267.68. And the average daily hospitalization costs increased from USD38.18 to USD41.25. The main factors influencing hospitalization costs are length of stay, proportion of medications, and schizophrenic subtype. The hospitalization costs per time of schizophrenics in Gansu Province have decreased but remain at a high level compared to some other chronic non-communicable diseases. In the future, attention should be paid to improving the efficiency of medical institutions, enhancing community management, and promoting the transformation of the management model of schizophrenia.
Structures of the sulfite detoxifying F420-dependent enzyme from Methanococcales
Authors: Jespersen Marion , Pierik Antonio J. , Wagner Tristan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMethanogenic archaea are main actors in the carbon cycle but are sensitive to reactive sulfite. Some methanogens use a sulfite detoxification system that combines an F420H2-oxidase with a sulfite reductase, both of which are proposed precursors of modern enzymes. Here, we present snapshots of this coupled system, named coenzyme F420-dependent sulfite reductase (Group I Fsr), obtained from two marine methanogens. Fsr organizes as a homotetramer, harboring an intertwined six-[4Fe–4S] cluster relay characterized by spectroscopy. The wire, spanning 5.4 nm, electronically connects the flavin to the siroheme center. Despite a structural architecture similar to dissimilatory sulfite reductases, Fsr shows a siroheme coordination and a reaction mechanism identical to assimilatory sulfite reductases. Accordingly, the reaction of Fsr is unidirectional, reducing sulfite or nitrite with F420H2. Our results provide structural insights into this unique fusion, in which a primitive sulfite reductase turns a poison into an elementary block of life.
Conductivity experiments for electrolyte formulations and their automated analysis
Authors: Rahmanian Fuzhan , Vogler Monika , Wölke Christian , Yan Peng , Fuchs Stefan , Winter Martin , Cekic-Laskovic Isidora , Stein Helge Sören 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrolytes are considered crucial for the performance of batteries, and therefore indispensable for future energy storage research. This paper presents data that describes the effect of the electrolyte composition on the ionic conductivity. In particular, the data focuses on electrolytes composed of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6). The mass ratio of EC to PC was varied, while keeping the mass ratio of (EC + PC) and EMC at fixed values of 3:7 and 1:1. The conducting salt concentration was also varied during the study. Conductivity data was obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements at various temperatures. Based on the thus obtained temperature series, the activation energy for ionic conduction was determined during the analysis. The data is presented here in a machine-readable format and includes a Python package for analyzing temperature series of electrolyte conductivity according to the Arrhenius equation and EIS data. The data may be useful e.g. for the training of machine learning models or for reference prior to experiments.
Chinese diabetes datasets for data-driven machine learning
Authors: Zhao Qinpei , Zhu Jinhao , Shen Xuan , Lin Chuwen , Zhang Yinjia , Liang Yuxiang , Cao Baige , Li Jiangfeng , Liu Xiang , Rao Weixiong , Wang Congrong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractData of the diabetes mellitus patients is essential in the study of diabetes management, especially when employing the data-driven machine learning methods into the management. To promote and facilitate the research in diabetes management, we have developed the ShanghaiT1DM and ShanghaiT2DM Datasets and made them publicly available for research purposes. This paper describes the datasets, which was acquired on Type 1 (n = 12) and Type 2 (n = 100) diabetic patients in Shanghai, China. The acquisition has been made in real-life conditions. The datasets contain the clinical characteristics, laboratory measurements and medications of the patients. Moreover, the continuous glucose monitoring readings with 3 to 14 days as a period together with the daily dietary information are also provided. The datasets can contribute to the development of data-driven algorithms/models and diabetes monitoring/managing technologies.
A new technique to study nutrient flow in host-parasite systems by carbon stable isotope analysis of amino acids and glucose
Authors: Hesse Tobias , Nachev Milen , Khaliq Shaista , Jochmann Maik A. , Franke Frederik , Scharsack Jörn P. , Kurtz Joachim , Sures Bernd , Schmidt Torsten C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStable isotope analysis of individual compounds is emerging as a powerful tool to study nutrient origin and conversion in host-parasite systems. We measured the carbon isotope composition of amino acids and glucose in the cestode Schistocephalus solidus and in liver and muscle tissues of its second intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), over the course of 90 days in a controlled infection experiment. Similar linear regressions of δ13C values over time and low trophic fractionation of essential amino acids indicate that the parasite assimilates nutrients from sources closely connected to the liver metabolism of its host. Biosynthesis of glucose in the parasite might occur from the glucogenic precursors alanine, asparagine and glutamine and with an isotope fractionation of − 2 to – 3 ‰ from enzymatic reactions, while trophic fractionation of glycine, serine and threonine could be interpreted as extensive nutrient conversion to fuel parasitic growth through one-carbon metabolism. Trophic fractionation of amino acids between sticklebacks and their diets was slightly increased in infected compared to uninfected individuals, which could be caused by increased (immune-) metabolic activities due to parasitic infection. Our results show that compound-specific stable isotope analysis has unique opportunities to study host and parasite physiology.
Light distribution in fat cell layers at physiological temperatures
Authors: Yanina Irina Yu. , Dyachenko Polina A. , Abdurashitov Arkady S. , Shalin Alexander S. , Minin Igor V. , Minin Oleg V. , Bulygin Andrey D. , Vrazhnov Denis A. , Kistenev Yury V. , Tuchin Valery V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAdipose tissue (AT) optical properties for physiological temperatures and in vivo conditions are still insufficiently studied. The AT is composed mainly of packed cells close to spherical shape. It is a possible reason that AT demonstrates a very complicated spatial structure of reflected or transmitted light. It was shown with a cellular tissue phantom, is split into a fan of narrow tracks, originating from the insertion point and representing filament-like light distribution. The development of suitable approaches for describing light propagation in a AT is urgently needed. A mathematical model of the propagation of light through the layers of fat cells is proposed. It has been shown that the sharp local focusing of optical radiation (light localized near the shadow surface of the cells) and its cleavage by coupling whispering gallery modes depends on the optical thickness of the cell layer. The optical coherence tomography numerical simulation and experimental studies results demonstrate the importance of sharp local focusing in AT for understanding its optical properties for physiological conditions and at AT heating.