bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clindamycin plus Vancomycin versus Linezolid for Treatment of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection
Authors: Dorazio Joshua , Chiappelli Abby L , Shields Ryan K , Tsai Y Vivian , Skinker Peyton , Nabozny Michael J , Bauza Graciela , Forsythe Raquel , Rosengart Matthew R , Gunn Scott R , Marini Rachel , Clarke Lloyd , Falcione Bonnie , Ludwig Justin , McCreary Erin K 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are life-threatening infections. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety of clindamycin plus vancomycin versus linezolid as empiric treatment of NSTI.

Methods
Retrospective, single-center, quasi-experimental study of patients admitted from June 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 (pre-intervention) and May 1, 2020 to October 15, 2021 (post-intervention). Patients who received surgical management within 24 hours of NSTI diagnosis and at least one dose of linezolid or clindamycin were included. The primary endpoint was death at 30 days. The secondary outcomes included rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).

Results
274 patients were identified by admission diagnosis code for NSTI or Fournier’s Gangrene; 164 patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-two matched pairs were evaluated. There was no difference in rates of 30-day mortality (8.06% vs. 6.45%, HR 1.67 95%CI (0.32, 10.73), p = 0.65). There was no difference in CDI (6.45% vs. 1.61%, HR Inf 95%CI (0.66, Inf), p = 0.07) but more AKI in the pre-intervention group (9.68% vs. 1.61%, HR 6 95% CI (0.73, 276), p = 0.05).

Conclusions
In this small, retrospective, single-center, quasi-experimental study, there was no difference in 30-day mortality in patients receiving treatment with clindamycin plus vancomycin versus linezolid in combination with standard gram-negative and anaerobic therapy and surgical debridement for the treatment of NSTI. A composite outcome of death, AKI, or CDI within 30 days was more common in the clindamycin plus vancomycin group.
Relugolix in Clinical Practice: The Best Route for All?
Authors: Cordes Lisa M , Karzai Fatima , Figg William D , Madan Ravi A 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a mainstay of prostate cancer treatment for decades. Relugolix was FDA-approved in 2020 and is currently the only ADT option via an oral route. While the opportunity to use an oral medication for this indication has some advantages, a balanced discussion is required to understand in what clinical settings this agent truly has benefit over long-acting injectable formulations of ADT. Furthermore, patient preference, compliance, financial toxicity, and perhaps most importantly, pharmacologic characteristics must be considered.
First gene-edited calf with reduced susceptibility to a major viral pathogen
Authors: Workman Aspen M , Heaton Michael P , Vander Ley Brian L , Webster Dennis A , Sherry Luke , Bostrom Jonathan R , Larson Sabreena , Kalbfleisch Theodore S , Harhay Gregory P , Jobman Erin E , Carlson Daniel F , Sonstegard Tad S 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viruses affecting the health and well-being of bovine species throughout the world. Here, we used CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair and somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce a live calf with a six amino acid substitution in the BVDV binding domain of bovine CD46. The result was a gene-edited calf with dramatically reduced susceptibility to infection as measured by reduced clinical signs and the lack of viral infection in white blood cells. The edited calf has no off-target edits and appears normal and healthy at 20 months of age without obvious adverse effects from the on-target edit. This precision bred, proof-of-concept animal provides the first evidence that intentional genome alterations in the CD46 gene may reduce the burden of BVDV-associated diseases in cattle and is consistent with our stepwise, in vitro and ex vivo experiments with cell lines and matched fetal clones.
Systematic review of determinants and interventions of areca nut cessation: curbing a public health menace
Authors: Muralidhar Kiranmayee , Madhivanan Purnima 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis letter presents a critical appraisal of a recent systematic review article published in Journal of Public Health. Systematic reviews are particularly important research articles that can meaningfully influence policy and research in the field due to their scientific value. We aimed to bring attention to certain methodological issues in this review that affect the validity of the findings on the very important topic of areca nut use and cessation.
Ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for intra-articular targeting of cartilage in early osteoarthritis
Authors: Wu Jun , Wu Changqiang , Cai Zhongyuan , Gu Haojie , Liu Li , Xia Chunchao , Lui Su , Gong Qiyong , Song Bin , Ai Hua 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Early diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) is critical for effective cartilage repair. However, lack of blood vessels in articular cartilage poses a barrier to contrast agent delivery and subsequent diagnostic imaging. To address this challenge, we proposed to develop ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs, 4 nm) that can penetrate into the matrix of articular cartilage, and further modified with the peptide ligand WYRGRL (particle size, 5.9 nm), which allows SPIONs to bind to type II collagen in the cartilage matrix and increase the retention of probes. Type II collagen in the cartilage matrix is gradually lost with the progression of OA, consequently, the binding of peptide-modified ultra-small SPIONs to type II collagen in the OA cartilage matrix is less, thus presenting different magnetic resonance (MR) signals in OA group from the normal ones. By introducing the AND logical operation, damaged cartilage can be differentiated from the surrounding normal tissue on T1 and T2 AND logical map of MR images, and this was also verified in histology studies. Overall, this work provides an effective strategy for delivering nanosized imaging agents to articular cartilage, which could potentially be used to diagnosis joint-related diseases such as osteoarthritis.
Translatio Materiae: Spenser’s Poetics of Matter
Authors: Pipas Victoria Florio 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article argues that sixteenth-century humanist depictions of Rome’s decay, together with paradigms of translatio imperii et studii, shape Edmund Spenser’s poetics of matter. The article identifies a new translatio in Spenser’s corpus, translatio materiae—matter’s movement or change—born from Spenser’s contact with and Complaints (1591) translation of Joachim du Bellay’s sonnet sequence, Les Antiquitez de Rome (1553). Where earlier humanists represent the recovery and reincorporation of Rome’s material remains as a metaphor for carrying forward antique power and artistry, Spenser transforms this image of material translatio into a law governing depicted matter’s movement and change in his Faerie Queene (1590/96). Translatio materiae runs through Spenser’s corpus as represented matter’s resurrection from states of decay into material afterlives as narrative object or poetic device. I examine this phenomenon in key heroic episodes of Faerie Queene Book One, episodes which I treat as exemplary of matter’s preservation, proliferation, and translatio as compositional strategies in the poem’s narrative and structure. Translatio materiae’s use in the poem thus points to a Spenserian theory of imitation that resists the teleology of prior translatio paradigms and instead understands Renaissance imitation to exhibit all the waywardness of matter.
Otters and Others: Ted Hughes to John Kinsella
Authors: Kerrigan John 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Attitudes to animals and their relationship with the human have undergone significant changes over the last six decades, from the rise of the environmental movement to debates about genetic modification. Poetry has responded to these developments but also contributed to argument and activism. This essay aims to make sense of this history and its literary consequences by investigating the representation of otters in the work of a series of poets from Ted Hughes to John Kinsella. Shape-shifting, elusive, never entirely other, otters allow writers to negotiate the fluid boundary between animal and human and the value of what is wild. They enable explorations of sexuality, the attraction of animals as re-makers of human geography, and the risk to all life forms posed by pollution and nuclear contamination. By analysing a range of work from Britain and Ireland, with some attention to American and Australian contexts and the international rise of Bio Art, the discussion aims to clarify both how views of the natural have been reconfigured and how these shifts animate very different kinds of verse, from the formality of Seamus Heaney and Alice Oswald to the late modernism of Colin Simms and Maggie O’Sullivan.
Optimal Long-Term Health Insurance Contracts: Characterization, Computation, and Welfare Effects
Authors: Ghili Soheil , Handel Ben , Hendel Igal , Whinston Michael D 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Reclassification risk is a major concern in health insurance where contracts are typically 1 year in length but health shocks often persist for much longer. While most health systems with private insurers pair short-run contracts with substantial pricing regulations to reduce reclassification risk, long-term contracts with one-sided insurer commitment have significant potential to reduce reclassification risk without the negative side effects of price regulation, such as adverse selection. We theoretically characterize optimal long-term insurance contracts with one-sided commitment, extending the literature in directions necessary for studying health insurance markets. We leverage this characterization to provide a simple algorithm for computing optimal contracts from primitives. We estimate key market fundamentals using data on all under-65 privately insured consumers in Utah. We find that dynamic contracts are very effective at reducing reclassification risk for consumers who arrive at the market in good health, but they are ineffective for consumers who come to the market in bad health, demonstrating that there is a role for the government insurance of pre-market health risks. Individuals with steeply rising income profiles find front-loading costly, and thus relatively prefer ACA-type exchanges. Switching costs enhance, while myopia moderately compromises, the performance of dynamic contracts.
Treatment with mycophenolate mofetil is associated with improved nailfold vasculature in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Wildt Marie , Andréasson Kristofer , Hamberg Viggo , Hesselstrand Roger , Wuttge Dirk M 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the evolution of nailfold capillary density in patients with SSc in relation to immunosuppressive treatment and autoantibodies.

Methods
This was a prospective study cohort. Consecutive newly diagnosed SSc patients were included into this study who, in a retrospective review, had at least two nailfold capillary microscopy measurements performed during the first 48 months of follow-up. Capillary density per 3 mm was measured with widefield nailfold capillary microscopy. Improvement of capillary density per finger and mean capillary density were analysed. Longitudinal measurements of mean capillary density were analysed by generalized estimating equation.

Results
Eighty patients (68 women, 12 men) met the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up time was 27 months. Twenty-eight patients had an improved capillary density in per-finger analysis. MMF was associated with fewer numbers of fingers that had worsened in capillary density. Anti-topoisomerase antibodies were associated with low mean capillary density. Anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies were associated with improvement and anti-centromere antibodies with worsening of capillary density in per-finger analysis. MMF treatment was associated with less steep capillary density decline in a moderated generalized estimating equation model including presence of anti-topoisomerase antibodies and the interaction of MMF with follow-up time.

Conclusion
Nailfold capillary density improved over time in a substantial proportion of SSc patients. MMF treatment had a positive impact on the evolution of capillary density in these patients. SSc autoantibody phenotype may affect the capillary density development. The data support previous hypotheses that early immunosuppression may favourably affect vascular regeneration in SSc.
Religion and Subjective Social Class in the United States
Authors: Schwadel Philip 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Subjective social class identities—lower, working, middle, and upper—are conditioned by culture and social interactions. I argue that conservative Christianity influences subjective class identification because conservative Christian social networks are highly insular, and its culture prioritizes lower- and working-class ideologies. Using nationally representative data, I find that conservative Christians—operationalized with views of the Bible and religious tradition—are relatively likely to identify as lower and working class, and unlikely to identify as middle and upper class; that these associations are partially but not wholly mediated by higher education and family income; and that there are robust associations between religion and subjective class among those with a bachelor’s degree and above-average family incomes, but not among less-educated and lower-income Americans. These results indicate that conservative Christianity promotes a specific class culture, and that this class culture more closely aligns with biblical literalism than with affiliation with evangelical Protestant churches.
Cyprus international trusts as a legal arrangement that is immune to forced heirship claims
Authors: Kammitsi Stella 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The portions of a deceased’s estate that can effectively be passed to surviving family members depend largely on the laws and regulations of each jurisdiction coupled with applicable EU Regulations and international conventions. Succession laws, wills and trusts, may face the challenges of forced heirship provisions that one may attempt to bypass by creating an inter vivos or testamentary trust, but which carry the risk of being disputed. Cyprus trust law does not recognise forced heirship claims against trust assets. The law relating to inheritance or succession in Cyprus or in any other country does not in any way affect any transfer or disposition of assets to a Cyprus International Trust or the validity of the trust.
Adjudication by an arbitration court of legal disputes arising from trust relationships
Authors: Kun Péter , Sándor István , Spiriev Olivér 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The Hungarian act on arbitration has recently undergone two significant amendments. After 1 January 2018, the legislator prohibited the arbitrability of contracts concluded with consumers, and from 1 January 2021, it became possible to settle disputes arising in connection with trust (fiduciary asset management) relationships before an arbitration court. The study analyses the connections between the two amendments, presenting the advantages of arbitration in respect of legal disputes arising out of trust relationships, and the issues of legal interpretation that may arise in the current Hungarian legal environment based on foreign examples. In the present article, we wished to address the issue of the arguments and counter-arguments that made it necessary to amend the Hungarian act on arbitration (“Arbitration Act”1) in order to allow for the arbitration of disputes arising from trust (or what Hungarian law terms “fiduciary asset management”) relationships.
A Randomized, Multicenter, Evaluator-blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of VYC-12L Treatment for Skin Quality Improvements
Authors: Alexiades Macrene , Palm Melanie D. , Kaufman-Janette Joely , Papel Ira , Cross Sarah J. , Abrams Steve , Chawla Smita 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND
Skin quality may be assessed by degrees of skin smoothness, fine lines, and hydration. VYC-12L is a recently developed hyaluronic acid filler to improve skin quality.

OBJECTIVE
This was a randomized, evaluator-blind study assessing safety and effectiveness of intradermal VYC-12L treatment for improving cheek skin smoothness, fine lines, and hydration.

METHODS
Participants (≥22 years) with moderate-to-severe investigator-assessed Allergan Cheek Smoothness Scale (ACSS) scores were randomized in 2:1 ratio to receive VYC-12L or control (no treatment with optional treatment). Effectiveness was assessed 1 month after last injection (initial or touch-up) by a responder rate (≥1-grade improvement from baseline on both cheeks) using investigator-rated ACSS and Allergan Fine Lines Scale (AFLS), and tissue dielectric constant probe-measured skin hydration. Safety was evaluated throughout.

RESULTS
Participants (VYC-12L, n = 131; control, n = 71) were 86.1% female with a median age of 58.0 years. At month 1, ACSS and AFLS responder rates were statistically significantly higher in the VYC-12L group (57.9%, 58.3%, respectively) than in the untreated controls (4.5%, 5.4%, respectively; p < .001). VYC-12L ACSS and AFLS responder rates remained consistent throughout the 6-month follow-up. Six participants reported treatment-related adverse events; none led to study discontinuation.

CONCLUSION
VYC-12L is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for lasting improvement of cheek skin smoothness, fine lines, and hydration.
Risk factors for intrauterine device embedment in postmenopausal women: an analysis of 731 participants undergoing hysteroscopy
Authors: Jiang Jilan , Bian Shoufang , Li Sen , Wang Shuying 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore the risk factors for intrauterine device (IUD) embedment in postmenopausal women.

Methods
A total of 731 women who underwent hysteroscopy for IUD removal from January 2019 to December 2021 were included in the trial, of whom 301 were diagnosed with IUD embedment (embedded group) and 430 had a normal IUD location (control group). The following data were collected from electronic medical records: demographic traits, ultrasound findings, IUD shapes, uterine features, and hysteroscopy findings. Bivariate contingency analysis and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify the significant independent variables that affect IUD embedment.

Results
Prior IUD removal failure (14.3% vs 5.1%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.29; 95% CI, 1.90-5.71) and V-shaped IUD (18.9% vs 10.7%; aOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.33-3.16) were risk factors that were independently linked with IUD embedment. Uterine volume (22.7 [20.9-24.5] cm3 vs 27.9 [24.8-30.9] cm3; aOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.982-0.999) was negatively linked with IUD embedment. There were no differences in age, parity, menopause length, years with an IUD in situ, uterine position, or abortion times between the two groups. There were no differences in existing leiomyoma, prior cervical LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), or myomectomy between the two groups.

Conclusions
Prior IUD removal failure, V-shaped IUD, and a smaller uterine volume were risk factors for IUD embedment in menopausal women.
Trajectories of depressive symptoms over 20 years and subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms and impact among women
Authors: Brady Sonya S. , Shan Liang , Markland Alayne D. , Huling Jared D. , Arguedas Andrés , Fok Cynthia S. , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Lewis Cora E. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study is to examine the association between depressive symptoms and subsequent lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and impact (a composite outcome) among women (N = 1,119) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study.

Methods
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) was administered in 1990–1991 and every 5 years through 2010–2011. In 2012–2013, LUTS and impact data were collected for the first time. Accumulation of risk was examined in the following three ways: (1) mean CES-D score across 20 years (5 observations); (2) depressive symptom trajectory group, determined by group-based trajectory modeling; and (3) intercepts and slopes obtained from women's individual CES-D score trajectories through two-stage mixed effects modeling. For each approach, ordinal logistic regression analyses examined odds of having “greater LUTS/impact” for each unit change in a depressive symptom variable.

Results
(1) With each one-unit increase in mean CES-D score over the 20-year period, women were 9% more likely to report greater LUTS/impact (odds ratio [OR] = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.07-1.11). (2) In comparison with women with consistently low depressive symptoms, women with consistently threshold depression or consistently high depressive symptoms were twice (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.59-2.69) and over five times (OR = 5.55, 95% CI = 3.07-10.06) as likely, respectively, to report greater LUTS/impact. (3) Women's individual symptom intercept and slope interacted. Increases in depressive symptoms across 20 years (greater slopes) were associated with greater LUTS/impact when women's initial CES-D score (intercept) was in the moderate-to-high range relative to the sample.

Conclusions
Depressive symptoms over 20 years, examined with different degrees of nuance, were consistently associated with subsequently measured LUTS and impact.
Association of parity with body mass index and cardiometabolic risk in high-parous women
Authors: He Shisi , McArdle Patrick F. , Ryan Kathleen A. , Daue Melanie , Xu Huichun , Barry Kathryn Hughes , Magder Laurence S. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Pollin Toni I. , Mitchell Braxton D. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objective
Postpregnancy weight retention contributes to obesity, but the long-term effect of parity on body mass index (BMI) and other cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between parity and BMI among highly parous Amish women, both before and after menopause, and to evaluate the associations of parity with glucose, blood pressure, and lipids.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 3,141 Amish women 18 years or older from Lancaster County, PA, who participated in our community-based Amish Research Program between 2003 and 2020. We evaluated the association between parity and BMI across different age groups, both before and after the menopausal transition. We further assessed associations between parity and cardiometabolic risk factors among the 1,128 postmenopausal women. Finally, we evaluated the association of change in parity with change in BMI in 561 women followed longitudinally.

Results
Approximately 62% of women in this sample (mean age, 45.2 y) reported having four or more children, and 36% reported having seven or more. A one-child increase in parity was associated with increased BMI in both premenopausal women (estimate [95% confidence interval], 0.4 kg/m2 [0.2–0.5]) and to a lesser degree in postmenopausal women (0.2 kg/m2 [0.02–0.3], P
int = 0.02), suggesting that the impact of parity on BMI decreases over time. Parity was not associated with glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, or triglycerides (P
adj > 0.05).

Conclusions
Higher parity was associated with increased BMI in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, but more so in younger/premenopausal women. Parity was not associated with other indices of cardiometabolic risk.