bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moments to remember: The impact of mediated memory work on live event experiences
Authors: Hammelburg Esther 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The pervasive use of media at current-day festivals thoroughly impacts how these live events are experienced, anticipated, and remembered. This empirical study examined eventgoers’ live media practices – taking photos, making videos, and in-the-moment sharing of content on social media platforms – at three large cultural events in the Netherlands. Taking a practice approach (Ahva 2017; Couldry 2004), the author studied online and offline event environments through extensive ethnographic fieldwork: online and offline observations, and interviews with 379 eventgoers. Analysis of this research material shows that through their live media practices eventgoers are continuously involved in mediated memory work (Lohmeier and Pentzold 2014; Van Dijck 2007), a form of live storytelling that revolves around how they want to remember the event. The article focuses on the impact of mediated memory work on the live experience in the present. It distinguishes two types of mediatised experience of live events: live as future memory and the experiential live. The author argues that memory is increasingly incorporated into the live experience in the present, so much so that, for many eventgoers, mediated memory-making is crucial to having a full live event experience. The article shows how empirical research in media studies can shed new light on key questions within memory studies.
Exponential Random Graph Models for Dynamic Signed Networks: An Application to International Relations
Authors: Fritz Cornelius , Mehrl Marius , Thurner Paul W. , Kauermann Göran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Substantive research in the Social Sciences regularly investigates signed networks, where edges between actors are positive or negative. One often-studied example within International Relations for this type of network consists of countries that can cooperate with or fight against each other. These analyses often build on structural balance theory, one of the earliest and most prominent network theories. While the theorization and description of signed networks have made significant progress, the inferential study of link formation within them remains limited in the absence of appropriate statistical models. We fill this gap by proposing the Signed Exponential Random Graph Model (SERGM), extending the well-known Exponential Random Graph Model (ERGM) to networks where ties are not binary but positive or negative if a tie exists. Since most networks are dynamically evolving systems, we specify the model for both cross-sectional and dynamic networks. Based on hypotheses derived from structural balance theory, we formulate interpretable signed network statistics, capturing dynamics such as “the enemy of my enemy is my friend”. In our empirical application, we use the SERGM to analyze cooperation and conflict between countries within the international state system. We find evidence for structural balance in International Relations.
MODGIRT: Multidimensional Dynamic Scaling of Aggregate Survey Data
Authors: Berwick Elissa , Caughey Devin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Dynamic models of aggregate public opinion are increasingly popular, but to date they have been restricted to unidimensional latent traits. This is problematic because in many domains the structure of mass preferences is multidimensional. We address this limitation by deriving a multidimensional ordinal dynamic group-level item response theory (MODGIRT) model. We describe the Bayesian estimation of the model and present a novel workflow for dealing with the difficult problem of identification. With simulations, we show that MODGIRT recovers aggregate parameters without estimating subject-level ideal points and is robust to moderate violations of assumptions. We further validate the model by reproducing at the group level an existing individual-level analysis of British attitudes towards redistribution. We then reanalyze a recent cross-national application of a group-level item response theory model, replacing its domain-specific confirmatory approach with an exploratory MODGIRT model. We describe extensions to allow for overdispersion, differential item functioning, and group-level predictors. A publicly available R package implements these methods.
Sign-Congruence, External Validity, and Replication
Authors: Slough Tara , Tyson Scott A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop a formal framework for accumulating evidence across studies and apply it to develop theoretical foundations for replication. Our primary contribution is to characterize the relationship between replication and distinct formulations of external validity. Whereas conventional wisdom holds that replication facilitates learning about external validity, we show that this is not, in general, the case. Our results show how comparisons of the magnitude or sign of empirical findings link to distinct concepts of external validity. However, without careful attention to the research design of constituent studies, replication can mislead efforts to assess external validity. We show that two studies must have essentially the same research designs, i.e., be harmonized, in order for their estimates to provide information about any kind of external validity. This result shows that even minor differences in research design between a study and its replication can introduce a discrepancy that is typically overlooked, a problem that becomes more pronounced as the number of studies increases. We conclude by outlining a design-driven approach to replication, which responds to the issues our framework identifies and details how a research agenda can manage them productively.
The development and evaluation of multiple regression equations based on four common nutritional analysis packages to predict the metabolisable energy density of diets fed to grower/finisher and adult pigs and their use for rat and mouse diets
Authors: Tobin Graham , Schuhmacher Annette , Górecki Tomasz , Smaga Łukasz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We have used multiple regression analyses to develop a series of metabolisable energy (ME) prediction equations from chemical analyses of pig diets that can be extended to murine diets. We compiled four datasets from an extensive range of published metabolism studies with grower/finisher and adult pigs. The analytes in the datasets were increasingly complex, comprising: 1. the proximate or Weende analysis, 2. the previous analysis but with neutral detergent fibre (NDF) replacing crude fibre, 3. the NDF package plus starch, 4. the NDF package plus starch and sugars. Diet manufacturers routinely provide most of the analytes for batches of murine diet, or they are easily obtainable. The study uniquely compares the four analytical packages side-by-side. The number of records in the datasets varies from 367 to 827. With increasing analytical complexity, adjusted R2 values for ME prediction improved from 0.751 to 0.869, and the mean absolute error from 0.422 to 0.289 kJ/g. Overall, the models’ prediction interval (PI) improved from 1 to 0.7 kJ/g, which is ± 7% to 5% for a typical dietary ME density of 14.8 kJ/g. Although prediction accuracy increases as one extends the range and complexity of the analytes measured, the improvement is slight and may not justify the substantial increase in analytical cost. The equations were validated for use on future data sets by k-fold analysis. Although the equations are developed from pig data, they are suitable for rat and mouse diets, based on comparable digestibility measurements, and substantially improve existing methods.
Judicial Legislation: The Supreme Court of Nigeria's Model for Strategic Decision-Making?
Authors: Sulayman Yusuf 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Fourth Republic is Nigeria's longest experience in democratic practice. It is a democracy founded upon the ideal of separation of powers; each branch checks the other two within defined boundaries. To act as an effective check on the political branches of government, the judiciary, especially the Supreme Court, is built around structures that guarantee its independence. This article assesses the Supreme Court of Nigeria's use of discretion within this web and argues that the court now inevitably allows powerful actors to bank on its legitimacy and induce it to overstretch its competence to satisfy their individual policy and political preferences. This trend, the article finds, is antithetical to the concept of judicial independence. A court's independence is not only apparent when it is able to do what it is meant to do but also when it is able to refrain from what it is not meant to do.
Determinants in the timing of hatching in egg capsules of a gastropod with maternal care: the case of Crepipatella peruviana
Authors: Salas-Yanquin L. P. , Mardones-Toledo D. A. , Montory J. A. , Büchner-Miranda J. A. , Paredes-Molina F. J. , Jaramillo H. N. , Sabja-Llanos E. N. , Pérez-Echeverría I. , Matos A. S. , Cubillos V. M. , Chaparro O. R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In many species with encapsulated larval development, the larvae play an active role in hatching. However, the factors that control when the larvae hatch from each egg-capsule within an egg-mass are largely unknown. Advanced egg-masses of the gastropod Crepipatella peruviana were used to determine the hatching time of capsules from each egg-mass. After each female was detached, the egg-mass was also removed from the substrate and all capsules were then counted and measured. All capsules were examined to determine the time of hatching and the order in which capsules hatched from each egg-mass. Larvae were collected from each hatched egg-capsule and the number, size and weight of larvae from each capsule were determined. After 50–60% of the capsules from each egg-mass had hatched, the same characteristics of the remaining unhatched larvae from sister capsules were documented. Larvae were found to have hatched when they reached a size of 354 ± 22 μm (n = 245). Larvae from capsules within the same egg-mass hatched over a period of up to 12-days. The order of hatching in capsules from the same egg-mass was determined by larval content: capsules with fewer larvae and smaller capsules with heavier larvae hatched first. The hatching from one capsule in any given egg-mass did not induce the hatching of its sister capsules. Furthermore, hatching also occurred successfully in the mother absence, suggesting that this process is largely or completely controlled by the encapsulated larvae, although a possible maternal role in synchronizing hatching cannot be excluded.
The cosmopolitanism of Karakorum, capital of the Mongol empire in Mongolia
Authors: Reichert Susanne 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Karakorum, in present-day Mongolia, was the first capital of Mongol empire and has often been portrayed as the cosmopolitan city par excellence of its era. This portrayal is primarily based on the description of the city as a multicultural community in a travelogue written by the Franciscan monk William of Rubruck, who spent some time there in 1254. This understanding of cosmopolitanism stems from a colloquial sense of the term and does not take into account its history and layered meanings. Based on a discussion of the term, this article presents an approach to cosmopolitanism suitable for archaeology, namely by examining the practices of ‘lived cosmopolitanism’. Taking the archaeological evidence from Karakorum as a case study, the author explores the cultural fields of city layout and architecture, cuisine, religion, and funerary rites to answer the question of whether and how the people of Karakorum were cosmopolitan. The discussion shows that it is of the utmost importance to distinguish between social groups and their status. While the Great Khans can be viewed as cosmopolitans of their time, the commoner population of Karakorum appears rather to have been segregated into different groups. The material evidence so far points to low degrees of engagement among different groups within the city. Yet, the discussion of cosmopolitanism reveals deeper insights into the social realities of the city’s inhabitants and unresolved questions in the study of this important city.
What keeps the Kitans enigmatic: Roots of the ethnic narrative in Liao historiography
Authors: Crossley Pamela 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Since 1930s scholarship, the historiography of Kitan Liao has increasingly interpreted ethnicity as a factor in polity and policy, an interpretation that has depended upon retrospective constructions of Liao and Jin by, largely, the Qing imperial court of the eighteenth century. Archaeological evidence now demonstrates that the documentation itself was fragmentary and in all likelihood unrepresentative of the identity concepts that prevailed at various class strata of the Kitan Liao empire. On the ground, prominent aristocrats, including many from the lineage of Han Derang (or the Han of Jizhou), are shown to be derived from the status and wealth of each man in his own time. Identities drawn from ancestry, language, place of origin, or folk customs were characteristic of dependent populations, not of aristocrats. Stratified identities, by horizontal rank and not partitioned vertically by imputed ethnicity, appear to be evident in many histories of northeast Asian regimes from Northern Wei to the very early Qing. They were characterized by a continuous cultural tradition with complex elements, consistent among them reading and writing multiple languages and literatures, horse training and hunting pastimes, and shamanic religious and political practices. Because these elements are associated in modern discourse with distinct language and cultural traditions, this aristocratic culture tends to be seen as variegated and ‘cosmopolitan’ rather than as coherent and continuous.
Antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Scottish bovine mastitis cases
Authors: Pollock Jolinda , Foster Geoffrey , Henderson Katrina , Bell Jennifer , Hutchings Michael R. , Paterson Gavin K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae are opportunistic pathogens which can cause mastitis in dairy cattle. K. pneumoniae mastitis often has a poor cure rate and can lead to the development of chronic infection, which has an impact on both health and production. However, there are few studies which aim to fully characterize K. pneumoniae by whole-genome sequencing from bovine mastitis cases. Here, K. pneumoniae isolates associated with mastitis in dairy cattle were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and whole-genome sequencing. Furthermore, whole-genome sequence data were used for phylogenetic analyses and both virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) prediction, in parallel with phenotypic AMR testing. Forty-two isolates identified as K. pneumoniae were subject to whole-genome sequencing, with 31 multi-locus sequence types being observed, suggesting the source of these isolates was likely environmental. Isolates were examined for key virulence determinants encoding acquired siderophores, colibactin, and hypermucoidy. The majority of these were absent, except for ybST (encoding yersiniabactin) which was present in six isolates. Across the dataset, there were notable levels of phenotypic AMR against streptomycin (26.2%) and tetracycline (19%), and intermediate susceptibility to cephalexin (26.2%) and neomycin (21.4%). Of importance was the detection of two ESBL-producing isolates, which demonstrated multi-drug resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, cephalexin, and cefquinome.
Giulio Aleni's map sheet: exploring the contents and materiality of the only known Ming-era print
Authors: Cams Mario , Papelitzky Elke 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Japan's Kobe City Museum holds a unique yet overlooked xylographic print of an early seventeenth-century composition that centres on a Chinese-language world map, mounted as a scroll. At first glance, the scroll seems to contain a copy of a well-known composition attributed to the Jesuit Giulio Aleni that is extant at two Italian libraries. It is known in the literature as Wanguo quantu 萬國全圖, after the title of only one of three constitutive parts. Detailed comparison shows that the hitherto unstudied Kobe sheet is significantly older. This observation initiates a discussion of the contents and materiality of the Kobe sheet in three steps. First, a reconstruction of intertextual connections to late Ming books based on the introductory text illustrates the function of the sheet map. Second, the origins of the maps proper are investigated, which, unlike the introductory text, can be traced back to a collaborative book project. In a last step, the afterlife of these map sheets is discussed, further illuminating the genealogy of maps that facilitated the production of the Kobe sheet. Throughout, this article highlights the local co-creation of map artefacts and the necessity to study maps in context, beyond the analysis of their cartographic contents.
Feminist Institutionalism and Ethnography: Crafting Research from a Diverse Methodological Menu
Authors: Grahn Michal , Miller Cherry M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The objective of feminist institutionalist (FI) political science is to expose institutions that perpetuate gender inequalities. The nature of these entities and the best strategies for studying them remain hotly debated topics. Some scholars identify ethnography as a valuable methodology for FI research. However, novices to this methodology might need help navigating it. In this theory-generating article, we aim to bridge the gap between different approaches to FI and ethnographic methodologies. We propose ethnographic approaches suitable for scholars who see gendered institutions as real entities that constrain and enable human practices, as well as those who perceive them as sedimented clusters of meanings. We illustrate our arguments using a partially fictional empirical example, inspired by findings from our own ethnographic research. We hope that this article will promote increased engagement, both theoretical and empirical, with ethnography among FI scholars.
The Thermosphere Was Poorly Predictable Not Only During but Also Before and After the Starlink Storm on 3–4 February 2022
Authors: Reznychenko M. O. , Kotov D. V. , Richards P. G. , Bogomaz O. V. , Reznychenko A. I. , Goncharenko L. P. , Zhivolup T. G. , Domnin I. F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObservation‐based simulations of the ionosphere were performed with the NRLMSISE‐00 model for six locations around the globe during 1–9 February 2022, which includes the so‐called Starlink Storm. Unlike other studies, we focused on the magnetically quiet days around the storm. Unexpectedly, the observed values of the F2‐layer peak density were ∼50% larger than the simulated values. We show that this implies that the daytime O density in the thermosphere was systematically ∼30% larger than the NRLMSISE‐00 predicts. Further investigation shows that this discrepancy is not an exclusive feature of the period around the Starlink Storm and a similar problem happens for some periods for different years. It is unclear if the reason is an actual increase of the O density or its underestimation by the model. Resolving this problem is critical for providing accurate predictions of the atmosphere to avoid the degradation of normal operation or even loss of space assets.
Climate Change Drives Evolution of Thermohaline Staircases in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Lundberg M. , Polyakov I. V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA thermohaline staircase detection algorithm, applied to mooring and ice‐tethered profiler data, systematically assessed the variability of fine‐scale, diffusive‐convective staircase abundance in the Arctic Ocean thermoclines in 2004–2023. Over that period, staircase occurrence statistically decreased in both the Amerasian and Eurasian basins, with thinner, shallower staircase layers preferentially decreasing over the Eurasian Basin's slope. In stark contrast to the Amerasian Basin, seasonality of detected staircase occurrence was pronounced in the Eurasian Basin and appeared to be increasing. Interannual and long‐term variability of detectable staircase abundance and background thermocline density stratification were correlated, negatively so in the Amerasian Basin and positively in the Eurasian Basin, indicating reversed sensitivities of staircase constructive and destructive processes to stratification. Seasonal and long‐term staircase variabilities in both basins were consistent with known environmental contrasts and tendencies, including upper freshening of the stronger, thicker Amerasian Basin halocline, the shift toward deeper winter ventilation of the weaker Eurasian Basin halocline, and more near‐surface velocity shear over the Eurasian Basin's slope. There is no reason to believe that climate change will stop anytime soon, and we have good cause to believe that the observed tendencies in staircase structure will persist.
Evidence of DNA methylation heterogeneity and epipolymorphism in kidney cancer tissue samples
Authors: Rossi Sabrina H. , Dombrowe Victoria , Godfrey Laura , Bucaciuc Mracica Teodora , Pita Sara , Milne-Clark Toby , Kyeremeh Justicia , Park Gahee , Smith Christopher G. , Lach Radoslaw P. , Babbage Anne , Warren Anne Y. , Mitchell Thomas J. , Stewart Grant D. , Schwarz Roland , Massie Charlie E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterised by significant genetic heterogeneity, which has diagnostic and prognostic implications. Very limited evidence is available regarding DNA methylation heterogeneity. We therefore generate sequence level DNA methylation data on 136 multi-region tumour and normal kidney tissue from 18 ccRCC patients, along with matched whole exome sequencing (85 samples) and gene expression (47 samples) data on a subset of samples. We perform a comprehensive systematic analysis of heterogeneity between patients, within a patient and within a sample. We demonstrate that bulk methylation data may be deconvoluted into cell-type-specific latent methylation components (LMCs), and that LMC1, which is likely to represent T cells, is associated with prognostic parameters. Differential epipolymorphism was noted between ccRCC and normal tissue in the promoter region of genes which are known to be associated with kidney cancer. This was externally validated in an independent cohort of 71 ccRCC and normal kidney tissues. Differential epipolymorphism in the gene promoter was a predictor of gene expression, after adjusting for average methylation. This represents the first evaluation of epipolymorphism in ccRCC and suggests that gains and losses in methylation disorder may have a functional relevance, gleaning important information on tumourigenesis.