bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of All-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composites Elements Using Three-Dimensional Braiding and Pressure Slip Casting for Composite Processing: Approaches to Reduce the Filter Effect of Dense Reinforcement Textiles
Authors: Jung Fabian , Grigat Niels , Vollbrecht Ben , Gries Thomas 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A key element for the transition to sustainable energy lies in the transformation of the power plant fleet, which is dominated by fossil fuels, toward sustainable energy production from renewable energy sources. An increase in efficiency and reduction of exhaust gas emissions, especially the minimization of CO2 emissions, is possible through the use of new turbine materials, which can withstand higher temperature levels. Oxide ceramics are well known for their high stability in aggressive environments, low density, high melting point, high stiffness, and great creep resistance, but their brittleness has strongly limited their number of applications. Therefore, the implementation of fiber reinforcement using the three-dimensional (3D) braiding process shows great potential to increase the damage tolerance of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) and consequently the performance of thermal machines significantly. Currently, the impregnation of 3D braids for the reinforcement of ceramic composites poses a challenge due to the high packing density of the textiles. In order to enable a homogeneous impregnation of the fiber structures using highly viscous ceramic slurries, the CMC research group at RWTH Aachen University's Institute of Textile Technology (ITA) is investigating the combination of 3D braiding and pressure slip casting for an economical production of all-oxide CMCs. To increase the impregnation quality of dense textiles, this paper describes approaches to reduce the filter effect of braids. The results of an initial investigation into the functionalization of two-dimensional braided reinforcement structures by using support structures and flow aids are described. The effectiveness of the impregnation ability is assessed by evaluating the residual porosity of generated green compacts via μCT analysis.
Dynamic Characterization of an Adaptive Film-Riding Seal
Authors: Bird Joshua , Keogh Patrick S. , Sangan Carl M. , Bowsher Aaron A. , Crudgington Peter F. , Scobie James A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Shaft seals control the leakage of fluid between areas of high pressure and low pressure around rotating components inside turbomachinery. Static seals are often subject to damaging rubs with the shaft, caused by assembly misalignments and rotordynamic vibrations during operation. Adaptive seals aim to reduce leakage flows whilst minimizing wear. The film riding pressure actuated leaf seal (FRPALS) is one such design which utilizes a large installation clearance and is blown down toward the shaft under pressure. This paper presents a numerical model which can be used in the design and development of adaptive shaft seals, validated by experimental data from the literature. The model uses a modified version of the Reynolds equation to predict the dynamic, frequency-dependent stiffness and damping coefficients of the fluid film. The dynamic coefficients have been solved for different operational clearances and pressure differences to generate coefficient maps. These maps have been incorporated into a blow down model with compliant mechanical leaves to predict the transient translational and angular displacement paths of the FRPALS when subject to an increasing pressure drop. The blow down model has been compared against experimental measurements collected from a specially designed test facility for the characterization of shaft seal performance. Eddy current probes were used to measure the displacement paths of the FRPALS with the experimental values showing that the model can accurately predict the dynamic movement of the seal when subject to a pressure difference.
Leakage and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients of a Labyrinth Seal and a Pocket Damper Seal Operating With Wet Gas
Authors: Torres Jose , San Andrés Luis 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Subsea centrifugal compressors commonly using labyrinth seals (LS) and pocket damper seals (PDS) must withstand the flow of oil in gas mixtures with a liquid volume fraction (LVF) up to 5%. This paper presents experimental results for the leakage and rotordynamic coefficients of a uniform clearance PDS and a similar size LS both supplied with wet gas. The shaft diameter D = 127 mm and the seal axial length L = 48 mm. In the tests, the seals' pressure ratio (inlet/exit) = 2.5, and the shaft speed reaches 5.25 krpm (surface speed = 35 m/s). The LS has a 17% larger radial clearance (Cr,LS = 0.230 mm &gt; Cr,PDS = 0.196 mm) due to a manufacturing error. This paper extends prior work by Torres et al. (2022, “A Stepped Shaft Labyrinth Seal versus a Pocket Damper Seal: Leakage and Dynamic Force Coefficients Under Wet Gas Operation,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 145(1), p. 011006) for the same two seal types with a stepped clearance configuration that promotes damping. When supplied with a dry gas, the LS leaks more because of its larger clearance. A loss coefficient (cd) is a fraction of the physical clearance that characterizes a seal's effectiveness in reducing leakage. The cd of both seals is nearly identical for operation with pure gas; the small differences are well within the experimental uncertainty. For operation with wet gas, the PDS cd decreases as the LVF increases whereas the LS cd increases, thus indicating the PDS is more effective to restrict wet gas leakage. When operating with pure gas, the direct stiffness (K) and effective damping (Ceff) of both seals are small in magnitude (K &lt; 0.5 MN/m, Ceff &lt; 2 kN-s/m) and often less than the experimental uncertainty. For wet gas operation and with shaft speed = 3 krpm and 5.25 krpm, the PDS produces Ceff &lt; 0 for whirl frequencies below 50 Hz. In contrast, the LS Ceff &gt; 0, although small in magnitude. The experimental results under wet gas operation are similar for operation with LVF equal to 3% and 5%. Unexpected low-frequency broadband motions appear when supplying the PDS with a wet gas. Although small in amplitude (&lt;5 μm), the motions increase in severity as the mixture inlet LVF and shaft speed increase. The motions are entirely absent for tests with the LS. Experiments in which the mixture is drawn from the PDS cavities rule out liquid accumulation as the cause of the observed motions. The current test results serve as a reference for turbomachinery design engineers and aid in the validation of analytical predictive tools.
Stochastic Method for Generating Residential Household Energy Models of Varying Income Level and Climate Zone for Testing Energy Fairness
Authors: Covington Hannah , Woo-Shem Brian , Wang Chenli , Roth Thomas , Nguyen Cuong , Lee Hohyun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in residential energy management necessitate testing of whether energy technology and policy fairly impact households of various income levels and locations. Considering income level is particularly important because increased utility bills put low-income households at higher risk of economic and health issues. This paper proposes a novel method for generating diverse household energy models of varying income levels and climate zones, which can be used to test the fairness impacts of residential energy developments. Models are stochastically generated using probability distributions based on data from national surveys. Included in the model are constant and time-variable features. Models capture the randomness inherent in the residential sector while still following realistic patterns of each income-climate group regarding building structure, appliance stock, and occupant behavior. Models were validated by comparing when, how, and how much energy is consumed by simulated versus real-life surveyed households. A total of 200 household models were simulated for the validation process, representing four climate zones and five income levels. Simulated energy consumption was plotted against survey data from the same income level, climate zone, and income-climate combination. Through correlation analysis and null hypothesis testing, it was determined that there is no statistically significant difference between simulated and surveyed energy consumption. For all cases considered, the correlation of the data is highly statistically significant. When validating all cases for income-climate classifications and individual climate zones, there was less than a 0.05% chance of uncorrelated data exhibiting such high correlation coefficients (r2), which ranged from 0.862 to 0.998. When validating models of each income level, this chance ranged from less than 0.05% to 0.194% with r2 values ranging from 0.816 to 0.984. A linear trendline was fitted to the data, and a null hypothesis test was performed to check if the slope statistically differed from 1. All cases tested resulted in a P value greater than 0.05 which, for a 95% confidence level, indicates that no significant difference can be determined. Because the plot of simulated versus survey data was very highly correlated and exhibited a slope statistically indistinguishable from 1, simulated household models were determined to represent real-life households with sufficient accuracy.
Soluble CD4 and low molecular weight CD4-mimetic compounds sensitize cells to be killed by anti-HIV cytotoxic immunoconjugates
Authors: Pincus Seth H. , Stackhouse Megan , Watt Connie , Ober Kelli , Cole Frances M. , Chen Hung-Ching , Smith III Amos B. , Peters Tami 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
The reservoir of HIV-infected cells that persist in the face of effective anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is the barrier to curing HIV infection. These long-lived CD4+ cells carry a functional provirus that can become activated upon immune stimulation. When ART is stopped, this leads to a rapid rebound in viremia. A variety of approaches are proposed to eliminate these cells, many dependent upon the expression of virus proteins. We are examining the use of cytotoxic immunoconjugates targeting the HIV envelope protein (Env) as a method to eradicate cells producing virus and have demonstrated that soluble CD4 enhances the cytotoxic effect of gp41-targeted immunoconjugates. Mechanisms include increased antigen exposure and greater internalization of the immunoconjugate. Here we have tested different protein forms of CD4 and the small molecule CD4-mimetic BNM-III-170 for their effects on cells expressing cell-surface Env. Effects studied include sensitization to immunoconjugate killing, cell surface antigen expression, viability, and virus secretion. The CD4 proteins and BNM-III-170 produced comparable effects in these Env-expressing cell lines, each sensitizing cells to cytotoxicity by anti-gp41 immunoconjugates. The results provide further evidence that low molecular weight CD4 mimetics produce biologic effects similar to those caused by soluble CD4 itself and suggest additional therapeutic uses for these molecules.

IMPORTANCE
HIV infection can be effectively treated to prevent the development of AIDS, but it cannot be cured. We have attached poisons to anti-HIV antibodies to kill the infected cells that persist even after years of effective antiviral therapy. Here we show that the killing of infected cells can be markedly enhanced by the addition of soluble forms of the HIV receptor CD4 or by mimics of CD4.
Inhalation devices and inhaled corticosteroids particle size influence on severe pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Heerfordt Christian Kjer , Rønn Christian , Harboe Zitta Barrella , Ingebrigtsen Truls Sylvan , Svorre Jordan Alexander , Wilcke Jon Torgny , Bonnesen Barbara , Biering-Sørensen Tor , Sørensen Rikke , Holler Jon Gitz , Itenov Theis Skovsgaard , Johansen Helle Krogh , Sivapalan Pradeesh , Eklöf Josefin , Jensen Jens-Ulrik Stæhr 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundInhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are associated with an increased risk of pneumonia among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The introduction of extrafine particle ICS has aimed to improve the distribution of medicine in the airways by altering deposition within the lungs, potentially affecting efficacy and side effects. It remains unclear if extrafine particle ICS administration alters the risk of pneumonia compared with standard particle size ICS.MethodsAn observational cohort study including all Danish COPD outpatients receiving ICS from 2010 to 2017. The primary outcome was pneumonia hospitalisation in the different ICS particle dosing regimens. The primary analysis was an adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. For sensitivity analysis, a subgroup analysis of patients receiving spray devices was done. Further, we created a propensity score matched cohort, in which we matched for the same covariates as adjusted for in the main analysis.ResultsA total of 35 691 patients were included of whom 1471 received extrafine particle ICS. Among these patients, 4657 were hospitalised due to pneumonia. Patients with COPD receiving extrafine particle ICS had a lower risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia compared with patients receiving standard particle size ICS in our primary analysis (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.89; p=0.002), subgroup analysis (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.45 to 0.65; p<0.0001) and the propensity-matched population (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.60 to 0.87; p=0.0006).InterpretationThe use of extrafine particle ICS administration was associated with a lower risk of pneumonia hospitalisation in patients with COPD compared with those who received standard size treatment.
Malaria, Urogenital Schistosomiasis, and Anaemia in Pregnant Ghanaian Women
Authors: Frempong Naa Adjeley , Ahiabor Charity , Anyan William K. , Mama Atikatou , Kusi Kwadwo Asamoah , Ofori Michael F. , Adu Bright , Debrah Alex Yaw , Anang Abraham K. , Ndam Nicaise T. , Courtin David 
Published: September 2023

Background. Anaemia is common in sub-Saharan Africa, and parasitic infections could worsen its burden during pregnancy. Moreover, women become susceptible to malaria during pregnancy. We investigated Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) and Schistosoma haematobium (S. haematobium) infections and determined their association with anaemia during pregnancy. Methods. A cross-sectional study involving 707 pregnant women attending antenatal care visits (ANC) and 446 at delivery was conducted in Battor and Adidome hospitals. Pregnant women were screened by microscopy and qPCR for P. falciparum and S. haematobium infections. Haemoglobin (Hb) levels were determined, and most participants received intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) during ANC till delivery. Regression analyses were performed for associations between parasite infection and anaemia. Results. P. falciparum microscopy prevalence at ANC and delivery was 8% and 2%, respectively, and by PCR 24% at ANC and 12% at delivery. Anaemia prevalence at ANC was 52% and 49% at delivery. There was an increased risk of anaemia with P. falciparum infection (

aOR
=
1.92

;

p
=
0.04

). IPTp (

p
=
0.003

) and age (

p
=
0.004

) were associated with increased Hb levels at delivery. S. haematobium prevalence by microscopy was 4% at ANC and 2% at delivery. No significant correlation between S. haematobium and Hb levels was observed (

coef
.
=
−
0.62

g/dl;

p
=
0.07

). Conclusion. High anaemia prevalence was observed during pregnancy, and P. falciparum infection was associated with anaemia at ANC. Low S. haematobium prevalence could be attributed to previous praziquantel treatment during mass drug administration. Routine diagnosis and treatment of S. haematobium infections in endemic areas could be initiated to reduce schistosomiasis during pregnancy.
Mapping Cultural Flows through Contemporary Art in Translation: The Translation(s) Project
Authors: Poposki Zoran , Todorova Marija 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This article examines the role of translation in contemporary art through a case study of the curatorial project Translation(s), curated by Zoran Poposki in collaboration with Laurence Wood, realized in three editions over five years and involving more than 30 video works by international artists. By exploring the dual significance of translation as a motif and a method, this article investigates how artists engage with the complexities of communication and reinterpretation. The analysis highlights the transformative potential of translation, transcending linguistic barriers and extending into the realm of visual representation, cultural expression, and artistic practices.
Voices of Climate Change
Authors: Volny Sandra , Chaput Julien 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The authors, an artist and a geophysicist, present three different approaches to art-science projects, depicting hybrid models of interdisciplinarity, particularly via sound art. They first cooperate to create an art installation using sonified seismic data collected in Antarctica, moving then to vibrational data at a seismic deployment in the Jornada desert, New Mexico, envisioning a site-specific listening approach that would effectively merge art and science. The authors propose new models of collaboration in ever-more-urgent global responses to the climate crisis, revealing what we might call the “voices” of climate change.
Multisensor Agile Adaptive Sampling (MAAS): A Methodology to Collect Radar Observations of Convective Cell Life Cycle
Authors: Lamer Katia , Kollias Pavlos , Luke Edward P. , Treserras Bernat P. , Oue Mariko , Dolan Brenda 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multisensor Agile Adaptive Sampling (MAAS), a smart sensing framework, was adapted to increase the likelihood of observing the vertical structure (with little to no gaps), spatial variability (at subkilometer scale), and temporal evolution (at ∼2-min resolution) of convective cells. This adaptation of MAAS guided two mechanically scanning C-band radars (CSAPR2 and CHIVO) by automatically analyzing the latest NEXRAD data to identify, characterize, track, and nowcast the location of all convective cells forming in the Houston domain. MAAS used either a list of predetermined rules or real-time user input to select a convective cell to be tracked and sampled by the C-band radars. The CSAPR2 tracking radar was first tasked to collect three sector plan position indicator (PPI) scans toward the selected cell. Edge computer processing of the PPI scans was used to identify additional targets within the selected cell. In less than 2 min, both the CSAPR2 and CHIVO radars were able to collect bundles of three to six range–height indicator (RHI) scans toward different targets of interest within the selected cell. Bundles were successively collected along the path of cell advection for as long as the cell met a predetermined set of criteria. Between 1 June and 30 September 2022 over 315 000 vertical cross-section observations were collected by the C-band radars through ∼1300 unique isolated convective cells, most of which were observed for over 15 min of their life cycle. To the best of our knowledge, this dataset, collected primarily through automatic means, constitutes the largest dataset of its kind.
Statistical Evaluation of Different Surface Precipitation-Type Algorithms and Its Implications for NWP Prediction and Operational Decision-Making
Authors: Reeves Heather Dawn , Tripp Daniel D. , Baldwin Michael E. , Rosenow Andrew A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Several new precipitation-type algorithms have been developed to improve NWP predictions of surface precipitation type during winter storms. In this study, we evaluate whether it is possible to objectively declare one algorithm as superior to another through comparison of three precipitation-type algorithms when validated using different techniques. The apparent skill of the algorithms is dependent on the choice of performance metric—algorithms can have high scores for some metrics and poor scores for others. It is also possible for an algorithm to have high skill at diagnosing some precipitation types and poor skill with others. Algorithm skill is also highly dependent on the choice of verification data/methodology. Just by changing what data are considered “truth,” we were able to substantially change the apparent skill of all algorithms evaluated herein. These findings suggest an objective declaration of algorithm “goodness” is not possible. Moreover, they indicate that the unambiguous declaration of superiority is difficult, if not impossible. A contributing factor to algorithm performance is uncertainty of the microphysical processes that lead to phase changes of falling hydrometeors, which are treated differently by each algorithm, thus resulting in different biases in near −0°C environments. These biases are evident even when algorithms are applied to ensemble forecasts. Hence, a multi-algorithm approach is advocated to account for this source of uncertainty. Although the apparent performance of this approach is still dependent on the choice of performance metric and precipitation type, a case-study analysis shows it has the potential to provide better decision support than the single-algorithm approach.

Significance Statement
Many investigators are developing new-and-improved algorithms to diagnose the surface precipitation type in winter storms. Whether these algorithms can be declared as objectively superior to existing strategies is unknown. Herein, we evaluate different methods to measure algorithm performance to assess whether it is possible to state one algorithm is superior to another. The results of this study suggest such claims are difficult, if not impossible, to make, at least not for the algorithms considered herein. Because algorithms can have certain biases, we advocate a multi-algorithm approach wherein multiple algorithms are applied to forecasts and a probabilistic prediction of precipitation type is generated. The potential value of this is demonstrated through a case-study analysis that shows promise for enhanced decision support.
Evaluating end of treatment care of young people with cancer
Authors: Twivy Eve , Griffiths Helen , Knight Matthew TD 
Published: September 2023

Background Existing literature implies there may be gaps in post-treatment support for young people with cancer. This service evaluation explored the needs and experiences of young people when ending cancer treatment in a UK children’s hospital to inform service provisions. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine young people, aged 13–18 years, who had finished active cancer treatment and were receiving follow-up care. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results Four main themes were developed: being in the dark (i.e. limited awareness of what happens when treatment ends); separation from the hospital (i.e. the loss of valued support from staff); consequences of cancer (i.e. managing ongoing psychological and physical effects); and getting back to normal life (i.e. shifting from hospital to everyday life). Conclusions Recommendations for improving clinical practice were made. Greater preparedness for ending treatment could be achieved by clearly setting out ongoing care arrangements, providing resource packs, having opportunities to mark the end of treatment, and offering peer support. To identify specific post-treatment needs, there should be an end of treatment multidisciplinary review and space for young people to share how they are feeling in follow-up medical appointments.