bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Blood‐Brain Barrier, Demyelination, and Neurodegeneration in Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis on 7 Tesla MRI
Authors: Choi Seongjin , Lake Sarah , Harrison Daniel M. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundParamagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are associated with chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). 7‐Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can evaluate the integrity of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) in addition to the tissue myelination status and cell loss.PurposeTo use MRI metrics to investigate underlying physiology and clinical importance of PRLs.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsThirty‐six participants (mean‐age 47, 23 females, 13 males) of mixed MS subtypes.Field Strength/Sequence7T, MP2RAGE, MULTI‐ECHO 3D‐GRE, FLAIR.AssessmentLesion heterogeneity; longitudinal changes in lesion counts; comparison of T1, R2*, and χ; association between baseline lesion types and disease progression (2–3 annual MRI visits with additional years of annual clinical follow‐up).Statistical TestsTwo‐sample t‐test, Wilcoxon Rank‐Sum test, Pearson's chi‐square test, two‐group comparison with linear‐mixed‐effect model, mixed‐effect ANOVA, logistic regression. P‐values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsA total of 58.3% of participants had at least one PRL at baseline. Higher male proportion in PRL+ group was found. Average change in PRL count was 0.20 (SD = 2.82) for PRLs and 0.00 (SD = 0.82) for mottled lesions. Mean and median pre‐/post‐contrast T1 were longer in PRL+ than in PRL−. No differences in mean χ were seen for lesions grouped by PRL (P = 0.310, pre‐contrast; 0.086, post‐contrast) or PRL/M presence (P = 0.234, pre‐contrast; 0.163, post‐contrast). Median χ were less negative in PRL+ and PRL/M+ than in PRL− and PRL/M−. Mean and median pre−/post‐contrast R2* were slower in PRL+ compared to PRL−. Mean and median pre−/post‐contrast R2* were slower in PRL/M+ than in PRL/M−. PRL presence at baseline was associated with confirmed EDSS Plus progression (OR 3.75 [1.22–7.59]) and PRL/M+ at baseline with confirmed EDSS Plus progression (OR 3.63 [1.14–7.43]).Data ConclusionEvidence of BBB breakdown in PRLs was not seen. Quantitative metrics confirmed prior results suggesting greater demyelination, cell loss, and possibly disruption of tissue anisotropy in PRLs.Evidence Level2Technical EfficacyStage 2
Together or Separate: What is best practice when imaging bilateral hands for rheumatoid arthritis examinations?
Authors: Keir Annabel , Braithwaite Vicki 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionA current gap identified in medical imaging (MI) literature is a standardised approach to bilateral hand examinations. This examination performed concurrently or unilaterally results in different effects on radiation dose and image quality, both of which are important to the diagnostic and follow‐up imaging of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.MethodsAn experimental study was undertaken using anthropomorphic hand phantoms at the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) MI Simulation laboratory. Images of the hand were acquired individually and then concurrently with both hands together. Radiation dose was calculated by observing dose area product (DAP) reading on a digital radiography system, with the additional use of an exposure metre as a secondary data collection method. Image quality was quantified through measuring distortion caused by beam divergence, by exploring the separation of two metal rings fixed to the hand phantom.ResultsThe overall radiation dose was higher for the unilateral technique by 10.15% at the digital radiography system console and 11.96% recorded by the exposure metre. In the second part of the experiment, the unilateral technique produced 0 mm of distortion when the phantom was positioned in the central part of the beam. The concurrent technique demonstrated an average of 3.65 mm of distortion, when both hands were positioned with the central part of the beam between them.ConclusionThe unilateral technique should be performed for bilateral hand examinations. The increase in distortion from the concurrent technique is clinically significant, as the diagnostic grading of RA is measured in millimetre increments. The additional overall examination dose is minimal when compared to the improvement in image quality.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Steroids for Prolonging the Surgery‐Free Interval in Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Langlie Jake A. , Pasick Luke J. , Rosow David E. 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesRepeat endoscopic dilation (ED) in the operating room for subglottic stenosis (SGS) remains an economic burden to patients. The cost‐effectiveness (CE) of adjuvant serial intralesional steroid injections (SILSI) to prolong the surgery‐free interval (SFI) in SGS patients requiring ED has yet to be studied.MethodsDetails of the cost of SILSI and ED were received from our tertiary academic center. SFI, cost of intervention, and the effect of SILSI on prolonging SFI were collected from a systematic review by Luke et al. SGS etiologies in the review included idiopathic, iatrogenic, or autoimmune. A break‐even analysis, comparing the cost of SILSI alone with the cost of repeat ED, was performed to determine if SILSI injections were cost‐effective in prolonging the SFI.ResultsAverage extension of the SFI with SILSI was an additional 219.3 days compared to ED alone based on a systematic review of the literature. 41/55 (74.5%) cases did not require further ED once in‐office SILSI management began. SILSI administered in a 4‐dose series in 3‐to‐7‐week intervals (~$7,564.00) is CE if the reported recurrence rate of SGS requiring ED (~$39,429.00) has an absolute risk reduction (ARR) of at least 19.18% with the use of SILSI. Based on the literature, SILSI prevents ~3 out of every 4 cases of SGS at sufficient follow‐up from undergoing repeat ED, resulting in an ARR of ~75%.ConclusionsSILSI is economically reasonable if it prolongs the SFI of at least one case of recurrence out of 5. SILSI, therefore, can be CE in extending the interval for surgical ED.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:3436–3442, 2023
Using catch orientations to identify clusters of North Carolina trout anglers
Authors: Robinson Kerrick W. , Rash Jacob M. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Objective
We sought to (1) assess the validity of a catch orientation measure for mountain trout angling in North Carolina, (2) segment North Carolina trout anglers based on catch orientation, (3) explore associations between classified catch orientation clusters and other angler non-catch-specific characteristics, and (4) explore mountain trout angling classification preferences between classified catch orientation clusters.

Methods
North Carolina trout anglers were the focus of our investigation and were surveyed with an online questionnaire. We validated a four-dimensional latent structure of catch orientation measures and clustered anglers based on catch orientation attitudes. We ran multiple between cluster comparative tests to explore unique characteristics of each cluster.

Result
We identified three trout angling clusters: non-catch-oriented anglers, trophy anglers, and consumptive anglers. Consumptive anglers were unique in their positive attitudes towards catching many fish and keeping fish, using natural bait and artificial lures, angling in streams with the least restrictive rules, and being motivated by social activity-general factors. Trophy anglers were unique in their positive attitudes towards catching trophy (large) fish and the activity-specific motive of fishing for sport. Also, they prefer to fish in streams that are stocked with trophy fish and have catch-and-release regulations for half of the year. Non-catch-oriented anglers scored lowest on most catch orientation metrics, were motivated by the activity-general motives of “nature,” and preferred angling in the most abundant and dispersed network of streams.

Conclusion
Our study identified divergence in catch orientations directed at a particular sport fish family, implications for future applications of recreation specialization, and potential improvements in catch orientation measures. These profiles also provide managers with information to assist in meeting management plan goals, examining access issues, and engaging with the public. We highlight the importance of pragmatic and sport-fish-family-specific inquiries into angler diversity and discuss applied implications of these results.
Investigations on the macro‐meso mechanical properties and energy dissipation mechanism of granite shear fracture under dynamic disturbance
Authors: Wang Gang , Luo Yi , Gong Hangli , Liu Tingting , Li Xinping , Song Leibo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo explore the mechanical characteristics and failure mechanisms of rock shear fracture under dynamic disturbance, the laboratory shear test and numerical simulation based on particle flow code (PFC) were carried out, and the mesoscopic degradation characteristics and energy dissipation mechanisms of rock shear fracture were analyzed. The results show that: (1) The crack initiation stress of rock under the disturbance condition is relatively reduced by 20%–29%, and there is a “shear fracture weakening effect.” The frequent alternating effect of stress concentration and release at the post‐peak failure stage is more obvious. (2) The number of cracks in rock under shear action shows the evolution of “calm → low speed growth → rapid increase → decrease of amplification → stabilization” with the increase of shear displacement. Compared with the conventional shear test, more cracks, and wider debris zones are formed. The number of cracks increases by 53%–106%, and the number of debris increases by 31%–138%. (3) The energy change trend of disturbance shear fracture test is basically consistent with that of conventional shear test. With the increase of normal stress, the input energy, elastic strain energy and dissipation energy of rock failure point show a certain linear growth feature. Compared with the conventional shear test, the input energy and stored strain energy of the failure point in the disturbance shear test are smaller, with relative reduction of 16.5% and 22.1%. Namely, the normal frequent disturbance reduces the energy storage capacity and failure resistance of rock.
CP decomposition for tensors via alternating least squares with QR decomposition
Authors: Minster Rachel , Viviano Irina , Liu Xiaotian , Ballard Grey 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe CP tensor decomposition is used in applications such as machine learning and signal processing to discover latent low‐rank structure in multidimensional data. Computing a CP decomposition via an alternating least squares (ALS) method reduces the problem to several linear least squares problems. The standard way to solve these linear least squares subproblems is to use the normal equations, which inherit special tensor structure that can be exploited for computational efficiency. However, the normal equations are sensitive to numerical ill‐conditioning, which can compromise the results of the decomposition. In this paper, we develop versions of the CP‐ALS algorithm using the QR decomposition and the singular value decomposition, which are more numerically stable than the normal equations, to solve the linear least squares problems. Our algorithms utilize the tensor structure of the CP‐ALS subproblems efficiently, have the same complexity as the standard CP‐ALS algorithm when the input is dense and the rank is small, and are shown via examples to produce more stable results when ill‐conditioning is present. Our MATLAB implementation achieves the same running time as the standard algorithm for small ranks, and we show that the new methods can obtain lower approximation error.
H2Open – Guest Editorial
Authors: Barboiu Mihail , Kirchner Barbara , Perlt Eva , Scarso Alessandro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis special collection presents original research articles and reviews that are connected to the multifaceted and rich chemistry of water. These works serve as an illustration of how, despite its apparent simplicity and ubiquity, water continues to be at the center of scientific exploration from a wide range of perspectives and employing the toolbox of modern‐day chemistry.
Recyclable photoluminescent elastomer incorporating carboxyl‐functionalized fluorescent powder via dynamic covalent cross‐linking
Authors: Xia Biao , Shi Cheng , Li Zhou , Lin Tengfei , Gao Min , Zhao Chunlin , Wu Xiao , Lin Cong , Wang Jinyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe rapid development of photochromic devices has stimulated great enthusiasm for the design and preparation of luminescent materials. Introducing fluorescent powder ZnS:Cu into the cross‐linked polymer matrix is an efficient and simple method to obtain photochromic materials with excellent comprehensive performance. However, the traditional method is to directly introduce fluorescent powder into the polymer matrix by physical mixing. This not only increases the internal defects of the polymer and reduces the mechanical properties, but also hinders the fluorescent powder from absorbing external energy and reduces its luminescence efficiency. In addition, few studies have focused on recyclable photochromic luminescent materials. Inspired by dynamic covalent cross‐linking technology, this paper first modified fluorescent powder with 3‐mercaptopropionic acid and then introduced it into epoxy silicone rubber to prepare recyclable luminescent elastomer. Compared with traditional physical blending, the mechanical properties and luminescence performance of the covalently bonded luminescent elastomer were improved. Excellent mechanical properties and luminescence performance were maintained in multiple recycling processes. This paper provides a feasible and simple scheme for the preparation of recyclable luminescent elastomers, paving the way for the recycling and long‐term utilization of photochromic luminescent materials.
A useful species identification and quality control using volatile patterns of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk (Artemisia princeps Pamp. cv. ssajuari and Artemisia princeps Pamp. cv. sajabal; Korean mugwort) according to air‐drying term by fast gas chromatography with uncoated surface acoustic wave sensor
Authors: Oh Se Yeon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionSsajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk have many clinical benefits. It is difficult to discriminate between these two species based on general characteristics aside from the shapes of the leaves. Thus, species identification and quality control between ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk are of great concern in plant science and clinical therapy.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to determine whether fast gas chromatography with uncoated surface acoustic wave sensor (GC‐SAW) can be a useful technique for performing species identification and quality control using volatile patterns of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk air‐dried for 4 months and 2 years and 4 months.MethodologyFast GC‐SAW sensor provides second unit analysis, simple, on‐line measurements that do not require pretreatment of the sample and rapid sensory information. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) was employed to confirm the identification of the volatiles and compared to fast GC‐SAW sensor.ResultsIn air‐dried sajabal‐ssuk, the concentration of 1,8‐cineole was higher than that in air‐dried ssajuari‐ssuk, while the level of α‐thujone was considerably lower than that of air‐dried ssajuari‐ssuk. Each of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk air‐dried for 4 months and 2 years and 4 months has its own characteristic volatile pattern owing to its individual chemotypes or chemical compositions.ConclusionConsequently, the fast GC‐SAW sensor can be a useful technique for species identification and quality control using volatile patterns of ssajuari‐ssuk and sajabal‐ssuk air‐dried for 4 months and 2 years and 4 months. This method can be used for the standardisation of quality control using volatile patterns of herbal medicines.
Do first‐trimester screening algorithms for preeclampsia aligned to use of preventative therapies reduce the prevalence of pre‐term preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Foster Ailsa Borbolla , Park Felicity , Hyett Jon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveTraditional obstetric practice relies upon history‐based assessment to screen for preeclampsia and guide preventative therapies but is hampered by low sensitivity, high false‐positive rates and low treatment rates. First‐trimester screening algorithms represent the most efficacious approach for risk prediction and could target early initiation of aspirin to well‐defined high‐risk populations. A large randomised controlled trial has demonstrated the clinical benefits of this approach, but widespread practice implementation has remained elusive.MethodsWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis summarising studies linking first‐trimester preeclampsia screening algorithms with the initiation of preventative therapy and examined their effect on pre‐term preeclampsia rates compared with standard maternity care. Odds ratios were calculated together with 95% confidence intervals.Results7 studies with a total of 377,790 participants were included. Within singleton populations, early initiation of aspirin in response to a high‐risk screening algorithm result reduced the prevalence of pre‐term preeclampsia by 39% compared with routine antenatal care (odds ratio 0.61; 95% CI: 0.52–0.70). There were significant reductions in the prevalence of preeclampsia at <32–34 weeks, preeclampsia at any gestation and stillbirth.ConclusionFirst‐trimester screening algorithms for preeclampsia aligned with early initiation of preventative therapy with aspirin reduce the prevalence of pre‐term preeclampsia.
Substrate derived sequences act as subsite‐blocking motifs in protease inhibitory antibodies
Authors: Choe Hyunjun , Antee Tara , Ge Xin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractProteases are involved in many physiologic processes, and dysregulated proteolysis is basis of a variety of diseases. Specific inhibition of pathogenetic proteases via monoclonal antibodies therefore holds significant therapeutic promise. Inspired by the competitive mechanism utilized by many naturally occurring and man‐made protease inhibitors, we hypothesized that substrate‐like peptide sequences can act as protease subsite blocking motifs if they occupy only one side of the reaction center. To test this hypothesis, a degenerate codon library representing MMP‐14 substrate profiles at P1–P5' positions was constructed in the context of an anti‐MMP‐14 Fab by replacing its inhibitory motif in CDR‐H3 with MMP‐14 substrate repertoires. After selection for MMP‐14 active‐site binders by phage panning, results indicated that diverse substrate‐like sequences conferring antibodies inhibitory potencies were enriched in the isolated clones. Optimal residues at each of P1–P5' positions were then identified, and the corresponding mutation combinations showed improved characteristics as effective inhibitors of MMP‐14. Insights on efficient library designs for inhibitory peptide motifs were further discussed. Overall, this study proved the concept that substrate‐derived sequences were able to behave as the inhibitory motifs in protease‐specific antibodies. With accumulating data available on protease substrate profiles, we expect the approach described here can be broadly applied to facilitate the generation of antibody inhibitors targeting biomedically important proteases.
An observer‐based periodic delayed feedback for fixed‐time stabilization of input‐delay systems
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Song Yunxia , Jiang Huaiyuan , Yang Xuefei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA family of observer‐based periodic delayed feedback (PDF) controllers are proposed in this paper for the fixed‐time stabilization of the linear input‐delay system with immeasurable states. By switching the controller gain to different values periodically, an explicit relationship is established between the control gain and the system matrix. To address the open‐loop problem faced by the standard PDF controller, two different observer‐predictor‐based PDF are proposed. Both controllers ensure that the closed‐loop system converges asymptotically throughout the control period. Furthermore, a modified PDF is proposed for multi‐input‐multi‐output systems utilizing the characteristic of controllability index set and observability index set. The modified PDF can be used for the reduction of switches required in the stabilization. A simulation example on the spacecraft rendezvous is proposed to illustrate the theory of the method proposed.
Macrocycle Self‐Assembly Hydrogel for High‐Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Li Sheng‐Hua , Li Bin‐Bin , Zhao Xue‐Lin , Wu Huang , Chai Rui‐Lin , Li Guang‐Yue , Zhu Di , He Guangrui , Zhang Hai‐Fu , Xie Ke‐Ke , Cheng Bowen , Zhao Qian 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels involved macrocycles have been explored widely in recent years, but it remains challenging to develop hydrogel based on solitary macrocycle with super gelation capability. Here, the construction of lantern[33]arene‐based hydrogel with low critical gelation concentration (0.05 wt%), which can be used for efficient oil–water separation, is reported. The lantern[33]arenes self‐assemble into hydrogen‐bonded organic nanoribbons, which intertwine into entangled fibers to form hydrogel. This hydrogel which exhibits reversible pH‐responsiveness characteristics can be coated on stainless‐steel mesh by in situ sol‐gel transformation. The resultant mesh exhibits excellent oil–water separation efficiency (>99%) and flux (>6 × 104 L m−2 h−1). This lantern[33]arene‐based hydrogel not only sheds additional light on the gelation mechanisms for supramolecular hydrogels, but also extends the application of macrocycle‐based hydrogels as functional interfacial materials.
High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries Based on Multidimensional V2O3 Nanosheets@Single‐Walled Carbon Nanohorns@Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite and Optimized Electrolyte
Authors: Hong Junzhi , Xie Ling , Shi Chenglong , Lu Xiaoyi , Shi Xiaoyan , Cai Junjie , Wu Yanxue , Shao Lianyi , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe drawbacks of poor electronic conductivity and structural instability during the cycling process limit the electrochemical property of vanadium‐based cathode materials for aqueous zinc‐ion batteries. In addition, continuous growth and accumulation of zinc dendrites can puncture the separator and cause an internal short circuit in the battery. In this work, a unique multidimensional nanocomposite is designed by a facile freeze‐drying method with subsequent calcination, consisting of V2O3 nanosheets and single‐walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) crosslinked together and wrapped by reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The multidimensional structure can largely enhance the structural stability and electronic conductivity of the electrode material. Besides, additive Na2SO4 in the ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte not only prevents the dissolution of cathode materials but also suppresses the Zn dendrite growth. After considering the influence of additive concentration on ionic conductivity and electrostatic force for electrolyte, V2O3@SWCNHs@rGO electrode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 422 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and a high discharge capacity of 283 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1 in 2 m ZnSO4 + 2 m Na2SO4 electrolyte. Experimental techniques reveal that the electrochemical reaction mechanism can be expressed as the reversible phase transformation between V2O5 and V2O3 with Zn3(VO4)2.