bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From poppy to pill: A comprehensive strategy to combat illicit synthetic drug production in Southeast Asia
Authors: Wang Chao , Lassi Nicholas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe production of illicit synthetic drugs has undergone a significant shift from China to the Golden Triangle, profoundly impacting Southeast Asia's legal systems, drug enforcement and public health. This paper reviews the production, distribution and use of illicit synthetic drugs in the region, explaining their alignment with regulatory policies in China and Southeast Asia. The public health effects resulting from the increased production and use of synthetic drugs in Southeast Asia are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of public health protections such as harm reduction, treatment and rehabilitation. This study also discusses legal mechanisms to enhance control over illicit drug activities, mainly compound‐wide legislative prohibitions targeting present and future fentanyl and methamphetamine analogues. Moreover, it underscores the urgency for collaborative efforts between China and Southeast Asian states to mitigate the influence of Chinese cartels operating in the region. By elucidating the multifaceted challenges posed by the shifting drug production landscape, this paper highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach encompassing regulatory, law enforcement and public health measures.
Synthesis of Schiff‐base cationic Gemini surfactant and the properties for inhibiting corrosion of Q235 carbon steel and printed circuit board
Authors: Chen Hubin , Zhang Yongle , Xiao Longqiang , Hou Linxi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurfactants play an important role in the domain of metal anticorrosion. Gemini surfactants, as corrosion inhibitors, have the advantages of strong practicality, high safety, convenient operation and fast response. In this study, a new Schiff‐base cationic Gemini surfactant (named TMPA) was designed, synthesized and characterized. The mechanism of metal anticorrosion of surfactant was studied by electrochemistry and static weightlessness method. And the adsorption isotherm of TMPA shows that the behavior follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The anticorrosion efficiency of printed circuit board (PCB) was 92.88% and Q235 carbon steel (Q235 CS) was 97.78% with the addition of only 5 mM TMPA. The surface appearance of the PCB and Q235 CS was scrutinized by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, proving that samples have few corrosion marks in the presence of TMPA and oxidants. These results show that TMPA provides an attractive application in terms of metal corrosion inhibition.
Conditioning of hybrid variational data assimilation
Authors: Shataer Shaerdan , Lawless Amos S. , Nichols Nancy K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn variational assimilation, the most probable state of a dynamical system under Gaussian assumptions for the prior and likelihood can be found by solving a least‐squares minimization problem. In recent years, we have seen the popularity of hybrid variational data assimilation methods for Numerical Weather Prediction. In these methods, the prior error covariance matrix is a weighted sum of a climatological part and a flow‐dependent ensemble part, the latter being rank deficient. The nonlinear least squares problem of variational data assimilation is solved using iterative numerical methods, and the condition number of the Hessian is a good proxy for the convergence behavior of such methods. In this article, we study the conditioning of the least squares problem in a hybrid four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (Hybrid 4D‐Var) scheme by establishing bounds on the condition number of the Hessian. In particular, we consider the effect of the ensemble component of the prior covariance on the conditioning of the system. Numerical experiments show that the bounds obtained can be useful in predicting the behavior of the true condition number and the convergence speed of an iterative algorithm
The utilization of ghost reflections retrieved by seismic interferometry for layer‐specific characterization of the shallow subsurface
Authors: Shirmohammadi Faezeh , Draganov Deyan , Ghose Ranajit 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSeismic interferometry (SI) retrieves the Green function between two receiver locations using their recordings from a boundary of sources. When using sources and receivers only at the surface, the virtual‐source gathers retrieved by SI contain pseudo‐physical reflections as well as ghost (non‐physical) reflections. These ghost reflections are the results of the cross‐correlation or auto‐correlation (AC) of primary reflections from two different depth levels, and they contain information about the seismic properties of specific layers in the subsurface. We investigated the application of ghost reflections for layer‐specific characterization of the shallow subsurface using SI by AC. First, we showed the technique's potential using synthetic data for a subsurface model with a lateral change in velocity, a gradient in depth for velocity, a thickness change and a velocity change of the target layer. Then, we applied the technique to shallow subsurface field data. We also focused on improving the retrieval of ghost reflections by removing the free‐surface multiples and muting undesired events in active‐source gathers before applying SI. Our results demonstrate that the ghost reflections can be used advantageously to characterize the layer that causes them to appear in the results of SI. Consequently, they can also provide valuable information for imaging and monitoring shallow subsurface structures.
Replacing the body mass index with the sagittal abdominal diameter (abdominal height)
Authors: Kahn Henry S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe body mass index (BMI; weight/height2), providing no information about the relative size of any adipose tissue depots, may accordingly misclassify degrees of cardiometabolic risk. However, in supine persons the abdominal height above the exam table (the sagittal abdominal diameter, SAD) is associated preferentially with the accumulation of visceral fat. Since visceral fat is a marker of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertension, SAD could contribute to the estimation of generalized cardiometabolic risk. The SAD has been measured inexpensively by a sliding‐beam caliper in small studies and in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Cross‐sectional models found that the SAD/height ratio (SADHtR) is more strongly associated than the waist circumference/height ratio or BMI with intermediary predictors of cardiometabolic disease. Prospective studies are needed, however, to demonstrate how well SAD or SADHtR might predict major disease outcomes or all‐cause mortality.
Research progress on synthetic methods and application performances of polycarboxylic acids with different sequence structures
Authors: Yang Jing , Zhu Junfeng , Li Jinling , Meng Ruizhi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPolycarboxylic acids are being widely used in concrete mixtures and coal‐water slurry industries due to their high‐water reduction rate and excellent dispersion performance at low dosage. In this article, several typical sequence‐structured polycarboxylic acids, including random, blocked and gradient‐type products, their synthesis methods, mechanism of action and the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant application performance in concrete industry and coal‐water slurry are described. Finally, the future development trend of various sequence structure polycarboxylic acids is given.
Investigation on mechanical properties and thermal expansibility of epoxy resin copolymerization modified cyanate ester under medium‐low temperature curing process
Authors: Zhang Zhiyun , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper, the mechanical properties and thermal expansibility of cyanate resin (CE) copolymerization modified by epoxy resin (EP) under medium‐low temperature curing process were studied. The curing temperature of the modified resin was analyzed, and the results showed that the initial curing temperature of the copolymerization resin was reduced by 87°C compared with the blend resin and further reduced when dibutyltin‐dilaurate was used. The results of mechanical properties test showed that the tensile and bending strength of the modified resin were the highest, which were 55.5 and 97.3 MPa, respectively. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the modified resin with 80 wt% cyanate content had the coarsest tensile and bending sections, the largest number of fracture stripes and rich layers, so it had relatively better toughness. The linear thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of modified resin was determined and the results showed that when the loading of cyanate was 80 wt%, the CTE of the modified resin reached the lowest, only 6.36 × 10−5°C−1.
Use of clinical classifications software to address ICD coding transition in large healthcare databases analyzed via high‐dimensional propensity scores
Authors: Hong Lai San , Garcia‐Albeniz Xabier , Friesen David , Foskett Nadia , Beau‐Lejdstrom Raphaelle 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeThe EUPAS26595 study characterized the rate of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients exposed to levetiracetam versus other antiepileptic drugs using healthcare claims data and a high‐dimensional propensity score (hd‐PS) for confounding adjustment. The data contained several coding systems by design and an update in International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding dictionary. Such coding heterogeneity can affect the performance of hd‐PS, and manually coding harmonization is not feasible. Our objective was to explore the impact of code aggregation via Clinical Classifications Software (CCS) on the analysis of a large claims‐based database using hd‐PS.MethodsPatients with epilepsy, who were new‐users of an antiepileptic drug, were identified from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. We used CCS categories to harmonize coding and compared the results with other alternatives. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were computed using modified Poisson regression model with a robust variance estimator.ResultsFor January 2008–October 2015 (before ICD update), 34 833 eligible patients initiated levetiracetam and 52 649 initiated a comparator drug; IRR (95% CI) for ARF for the hd‐PS analysis was 1.34 (0.72–2.50) without CCS categories and 1.30 (0.71–2.39) with CCS categories. For January 2008–December 2017 (including ICD coding change), 45 672 eligible patients initiated levetiracetam and 64 664 initiated a comparator drug; IRR (95% CI) for the hd‐PS analysis was 1.34 (0.78–2.29) without CCS categories and 1.37 (0.80–2.34) with CCS categories.ConclusionsUsing single‐level CCS categories to overcome differences in coding provides consistent results and can be used in studies that use large claims data and hd‐PS for adjustment.
Trajectory‐based robustness analysis for nonlinear systems
Authors: Seiler Peter , Venkataraman Raghu 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article considers the robustness of an uncertain nonlinear system along a finite‐horizon trajectory. The uncertain system is modeled as a connection of a nonlinear system and a perturbation. The analysis relies on three ingredients. First, the nonlinear system is approximated by a linear time‐varying (LTV) system via linearization along a trajectory. This linearization introduces an additional forcing input due to the nominal trajectory. Second, the input/output behavior of the perturbation is described by time‐domain, integral quadratic constraints (IQCs). Third, a dissipation inequality is formulated to bound the worst‐case deviation of an output signal due to the uncertainty. These steps yield a differential linear matrix inequality (DLMI) condition to bound the worst‐case performance. The robustness condition is then converted to an equivalent condition in terms of a Riccati differential equation. This yields a computational method that avoids heuristics often used to solve DLMIs, for example, time gridding. The approach is demonstrated by a two‐link robotic arm example.
Behavioral agency and the efficacy of analysts as external monitors: Examining the moderating role of CEO personality
Authors: Andrei Alina G. , Benischke Mirko H. , Martin Geoffrey P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe integrate behavioral agency research and the five‐factor model of personality to re‐visit investment analysts' efficacy as a mechanism for reducing agency costs. We highlight the role of personality in shaping how CEOs respond to analyst recommendations, leading to boundary conditions for the efficacy of analysts as external monitors. We theorize that the extent to which a CEO perceives a threat from more positive analyst recommendations is contingent upon their personality, which shapes their subjective interpretation of the recommendation and their use of income‐increasing earnings management in response. Our findings suggest that personality is critical to understanding how CEOs respond to external monitors and the agency costs associated with the positive analyst recommendations.
Bemessung geklemmter Kranschienen mit Fußflansch (Form A)
Authors: Kettler Markus , Euler Mathias , Eibl Sebastian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDie nicht ausdrücklich definierte Schnittstelle zwischen Kran (Maschinenbau) und Kranbahnträger (Bauwesen) führte in der Vergangenheit immer wieder zu Missverständnissen in der Praxis in Hinblick auf die Bemessung geklemmter Kranschienen mit Fußflansch (Form A). Von den Kranherstellern wird lediglich die Kontaktpressung zwischen dem Laufrad des Krans und der Schienenoberfläche nach EN 13001‐3‐3 nachgewiesen. Die Bemessung der Kranschiene selbst wird nicht durch die Vorschriften des Kranbaus geregelt. Auf der anderen Seite ist eine Bemessung geklemmter Kranschienen, die neben zweiachsiger Biegung auch Torsion infolge exzentrischer Lasteinleitung erfahren, bislang aufgrund fehlender Bemessungsregeln nicht ohne Weiteres nach EN 1993‐6 möglich. Dieser Beitrag stellt den derzeitigen Stand der für den Normentwurf prEN 1993‐6 entwickelten Bemessungsregeln vor und präsentiert Vergleiche mit realitätsnahen numerischen Untersuchungen. Darüber hinaus wird ein verbessertes Berechnungsmodell für die Längsspannungen aus zentrischer Radlast vorgestellt, das im Vergleich zum Normentwurf das tatsächliche Tragverhalten deutlich besser abbildet. Außerdem wird ein Bemessungsvorschlag für einen Ermüdungsnachweis formuliert.
Effect of Eurotium cristatum on Saccharification Efficiency, Microorganisms in Mold Culture, and Liquor Flavor during Wuliangye Liquor Production
Authors: Yang Qin , Feng‐ying Yang , Qian‐hui Zhao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSaccharification fermentation is a very important technique for Chinese baijiu, which effects its yield and flavor. Eurotium cristatum has the ability to trigger saccharification, but has not been applied to the saccharification fermentation in Chinese baijiu. In this study, E. cristatum is added to the mold culture for the co‐fermentation of Wuliangye liquor to verify whether it enhances the saccharification efficiency. Starch from mold culture is analyzed to infer the effect. Microorganisms in the mold culture and liquor flavor substances are also evaluated. Results show that reducing sugar in the fermented grains reaches the maximum value of 40 g/100 g when 8 mL of E. cristatum suspension is added to 100 g of mold culture. Co‐fermentation using E. cristatum increases the amylose content, decreases the molecular weight, and forms irregular starch particles and an evident crystal structure of starch from the mold culture. These phenomena in starch molecules correspond to the mechanism by which E. cristatum enhances saccharification efficiency. What is more, E. cristatum also improves the growth of the original microorganisms in the mold culture, thereby benefitting the flavor of Wuliangye liquor. Therefore, it shows promise for application in saccharification fermentation of Wuliangye liquor.
Seasonal spatial ecology of Lake Trout in Lake Erie
Authors: Funnell Tyler R. , Brenden Travis O. , Kraus Richard , MacDougall Tom , Markham James , Murray Charles , Robinson Jason , Vandergoot Christopher S. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Objective
Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush are native coldwater apex predators that play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functionality and diversity in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Following population collapses, rehabilitation efforts were widely initiated in the Great Lakes to reestablish self-sustaining Lake Trout populations. Lake Erie may pose a challenge to these rehabilitation efforts due to limited availability of appropriate oxythermal habitat. Our goal was to investigate seasonal habitat use of adult Lake Trout in Lake Erie to inform management and rehabilitation efforts.

Methods
We used acoustic telemetry in Lake Erie, which was equiped with a lake-wide acoustic receiver grid, to quantify Lake Trout seasonal region occupancy, dispersal distances, bottom depth occupancy, space use extent, and space use overlap.

Result
We found that 32% of fish tagged in the eastern basin and all fish from the western basin dispersed more than 100 km from their tagging location, which represents a greater proportion of the population moving long distances than what has been previously documented in the Great Lakes. During stratification, Lake Trout were detected almost exclusively in the offshore eastern basin in areas where water depth exceeded 25 m. During nonstratified seasons, fish used other regions of the lake, occupying areas of highly variable depths. During fall, most fish tagged in the eastern basin occupied habitat along the southern shore of the eastern basin. Fish tagged in the western basin returned to this region in the fall of subsequent years despite occupying the offshore eastern basin during stratification and having depth occupancy, home range size, and overlap similar to that of eastern basin-tagged fish. Fish size was positively correlated with receiver depth during winter and spring, and with home range overlap during spring and summer.

Conclusion
The results of this study can begin to inform management decisions regarding stocking locations, harvest regulations, and habitat restoration to facilitate the continued rehabilitation of this important native species.
Examining the value of hydropedological information on hydrological modeling at different scales in the Sabie catchment, South Africa
Authors: Smit Edward , van Zijl George , Riddell Eddie , van Tol Johan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDetailed soil information is increasingly sought after for watershed‐scale hydrological modeling to better understand the soil–water interactions at a landscape level. In South Africa, 8% of the surface area is responsible for 50% of the mean annual runoff. Thus, understanding the soil–water dynamics in these catchments remains imperative to future water resource management. In this study, the value of hydropedological information is tested by comparing a detailed hydropedological map based on infield soil information to the best readily available soil information at five different catchment sizes (48, 56, 174, 674, and 2421 km2) using the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT)+ model in the Sabie catchment, South Africa. The aim was to determine the value of hydropedological information at different scales as well as illustrate the value of hydropedology as soft data to improve hydrological process representation. Improved hydropedological information significantly improved long‐term streamflow simulations at all catchment sizes, except for the largest catchment (2421 km2). It is assumed that the resulting improved streamflow simulations are a direct result of the improved hydrological process representation achieved by the hydropedological information. Here, we argue that hydropedological information should form an important soft data tool to better understand and simulate different hydrological processes.
Beyond lepton number violation at the HL-LHC: resolving heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations
Authors: Antusch Stefan , Hajer Jan , Rosskopp Johannes 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Collider testable low-scale seesaw models predict pseudo-Dirac heavy neutrinos, that can produce an oscillating pattern of lepton number conserving and lepton number violating events. We explore if such heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations can be resolved at the HL-LHC. To that end, we employ the first ever full Monte Carlo simulation of the oscillations, for several example benchmark points, and show under which conditions the CMS experiment is able to discover them. The workflow builds on a FeynRules model file for the phenomenological symmetry protected seesaw scenario (pSPSS) and a patched version of MadGraph, able to simulate heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillations. We use the fast detector simulation Delphes and present a statistical analysis capable of inferring the significance of oscillations in the simulated data. Our results demonstrate that, for heavy neutrino mass splittings smaller than about 100 μeV, the discovery prospects for heavy neutrino-antineutrino oscillation at the HL-LHC are promising.
Convergence of Perturbed Sampling Kantorovich Operators in Modular Spaces
Authors: Costarelli Danilo , De Angelis Eleonora , Vinti Gianluca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present paper we study the perturbed sampling Kantorovich operators in the general context of the modular spaces. After proving a convergence result for continuous functions with compact support, by using both a modular inequality and a density approach, we establish the main result of modular convergence for these operators. Further, we show several instances of modular spaces in which these results can be applied. In particular, we show some applications in Musielak–Orlicz spaces and in Orlicz spaces and we also consider the case of a modular functional that does not have an integral representation generating a space, which can not be reduced to previous mentioned ones.