bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From migration crisis to migrants’ rights crisis: The centrality of sovereignty in the EU approach to the protection of migrants’ rights
Authors: Desmond Alan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe long-simmering process of sidelining and side-stepping migrants’ rights protection while attempting to regulate cross-border movement of people was heated up by the 2015 migration crisis and has recently been brought to the boil with the crisis-fuelled adoption of the UN Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration (GCM) in 2018. The GCM represents an endorsement at the international level of soft-law, goal-setting frameworks for international co-operation on migration as it pertains to migrants’ rights, and a corresponding disavowal of any role for binding legal obligations in this field. Focusing on the EU, I argue in this article that states’ sovereign powers in the realm of control of non-EU migration have been largely undiluted by the development of the international system of human rights protection. I show how the 2015 migration crisis galvanized multilateral international co-operation on the part of the EU and its member states in the field of non-EU migration in a way that entrenched EU states’ sovereign self-interest by institutionalizing a soft-law approach, thereby producing a crisis from the perspective of migrants’ rights protection. I also argue, however, that the migration crisis facilitated a resurgence of state sovereignty in the EU to the detriment not only of migrants’ rights, but also of internal EU co-operation and co-ordination. Finally, I suggest that in times of crisis supranational courts are particularly susceptible to being recruited to EU states’ rights-restrictive approach to international migration.
Anomalous systemic venous connection to left atrium in a heart with usual atrial arrangement
Authors: Al Balushi Asim , Al Balushi Abdullah , Al Maskari Salim , Al Hashmi Halima 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnomalous systemic venous connection to left atrium is rare anomaly. Previously published cases described this anatomy in patients with left isomerism. Depending on the size of the atrial septal defect, patients usually present with varying degrees of cyanosis and right heart hypoplasia. Here, we report a case of anomalous systemic venous connection to left atrium in a newborn with the usual atrial arrangement.
Cognitive restructuring: Psychophysical measurement of time perception in bilinguals
Authors: Athanasopoulos Panos , Bylund Emanuel 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper explores the link between the metaphoric structure TIME IS SPACE and time perception in bilinguals. While there appear to be fundamental commonalities in the way humans perceive and experience time regardless of language background, language-specific spatiotemporal metaphors can give rise to differences between populations, under certain conditions. Little is known, however, about how bilinguals experience time, and the specific factors that may modulate bilingual temporal processing. Here, we address this gap by examining L1 Spanish – L2 Swedish bilinguals in a psychophysical task. Results show that duration estimation of dynamic spatial configurations analogous to L2-specific temporal metaphors is modulated by L2 proficiency. In contrast, duration estimation of spatial configurations analogous to the L1 metaphorical expressions appears to be modulated by the age of L2 acquisition. These findings are discussed in terms of associative learning and cognitive restructuring in the bilingual mind.
Gemcitabine promotes autophagy and lysosomal function through ERK- and TFEB-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Marchand Benoît , Poulin Marc-Antoine , Lawson Christine , Tai Lee-Hwa , Jean Steve , Boucher Marie-Josée 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGemcitabine is a first-line treatment agent for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Contributing to its cytotoxicity, this chemotherapeutic agent is primarily a DNA replication inhibitor that also induces DNA damage. However, its therapeutic effects are limited owing to chemoresistance. Evidence in the literature points to a role for autophagy in restricting the efficacy of gemcitabine. Autophagy is a catabolic process in which intracellular components are delivered to degradative organelles lysosomes. Interfering with this process sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine. It is consequently inferred that autophagy and lysosomal function need to be tightly regulated to maintain homeostasis and provide resistance to environmental stress, such as those imposed by chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the mechanism(s) through which gemcitabine promotes autophagy remains elusive, and the impact of gemcitabine on lysosomal function remains largely unexplored. Therefore, we applied complementary approaches to define the mechanisms triggered by gemcitabine that support autophagy and lysosome function. We found that gemcitabine elicited ERK-dependent autophagy in PDAC cells, but did not stimulate ERK activity or autophagy in non-tumoral human pancreatic epithelial cells. Gemcitabine also promoted transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosomal function in PDAC cells. Indeed, treating PDAC cells with gemcitabine caused expansion of the lysosomal network, as revealed by Lysosome associated membrane protein-1 (LAMP1) and LysoTracker staining. More specific approaches have shown that gemcitabine promotes the activity of cathepsin B (CTSB), a cysteine protease playing an active role in lysosomal degradation. We showed that lysosomal function induced by gemcitabine depends on TFEB, the master regulator of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. Interfering with TFEB function considerably limited the clonogenic growth of PDAC cells and hindered the capacity of TFEB-depleted PDAC cells to develop orthotopic tumors.
Osteocalcin ameliorates cognitive dysfunctions in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease by reducing amyloid β burden and upregulating glycolysis in neuroglia
Authors: Shan Chang , Zhang Deng , Ma Dong-ni , Hou Yan-fang , Zhuang Qian-qian , Gong Yan-ling , Sun Li-hao , Zhao Hong-yan , Tao Bei , Yang Yu-ying , Li Sheng-tian , Liu Jian-min 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of amyloid β peptides (Aβ) and impaired glucose metabolism in the brain. Osteocalcin (OCN), an osteoblast-derived protein, has been shown to modulate brain functions but whether it has any effect on AD is undetermined. In this study, daily intraperitoneal injection of OCN for 4 weeks ameliorated the anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunctions in the APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice model, as shown in the increased entries into the central area in open field test, the increased time and entries into open arms in elevated plus maze test, the increased time spent in the light chamber in light-dark transition test, as well as the reduced escape latency and the increased preference for target quadrant in Morris water maze test. Aβ burden in the hippocampus and cortex of AD mice was ameliorated by OCN. Besides, OCN improved the neural network function of the brain, mainly in the enhanced power of high gamma band in the medial prefrontal cortex of AD mice. The proliferation of astrocytes in the hippocampus in AD mice was also inhibited by OCN as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, OCN enhanced glycolysis in astrocytes and microglia, as evidenced by elevated glucose consumption, lactate production, and increased extracellular acidification rate. Such an effect was abolished when the receptor of OCN – Gpr158 was knockdown in astrocytes. Our study revealed OCN as a novel therapeutic factor for AD potentially through reducing Aβ burden and upregulation of glycolysis in neuroglia.
Barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 promotes gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latency
Authors: Broussard Grant , Ni Guoxin , Zhang Zhigang , Li Qian , Cano Patricio , Dittmer Dirk P. , Damania Blossom 
Published: February 2023

AbstractGammaherpesviruses, including Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are DNA viruses that are globally associated with human cancers and establish lifelong latency in the human population. Detection of gammaherpesviral infection by the cGAS-STING innate immune DNA-sensing pathway is critical for suppressing viral reactivation from latency, a process that promotes viral pathogenesis and transmission. We report that barrier-to-autointegration factor 1 (BAF)-mediated suppression of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is necessary for reactivation of KSHV and EBV. We demonstrate a role for BAF in destabilizing cGAS expression and show that inhibiting BAF expression in latently infected, reactivating, or uninfected cells leads to increased type I interferon-mediated antiviral responses and decreased viral replication. Furthermore, BAF overexpression resulted in decreased cGAS expression at the protein level. These results establish BAF as a key regulator of the lifecycle of gammaherpesviruses and a potential target for treating viral infections and malignancies.
Realizing nearly-zero dark current and ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio perovskite X-ray detector and image array by dark-current-shunting strategy
Authors: Jin Peng , Tang Yingjie , Li Dingwei , Wang Yan , Ran Peng , Zhou Chuanyu , Yuan Ye , Zhu Wenjuan , Liu Tianyu , Liang Kun , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu , Zhu Bowen , Yang Yang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlthough perovskite X-ray detectors have revealed promising properties, their dark currents are usually hundreds of times larger than the practical requirements. Here, we report a detector architecture with a unique shunting electrode working as a blanking unit to suppress dark current, and it theoretically can be reduced to zero. We experimentally fabricate the dark-current-shunting X-ray detector, which exhibits a record-low dark current of 51.1 fA at 5 V mm−1, a detection limit of 7.84 nGyair s−1, and a sensitivity of 1.3 × 104 μC Gyair−1 cm−2. The signal-to-noise ratio of our polycrystalline perovskite-based detector is even outperforming many previously reported state-of-the-art single crystal-based X-ray detectors by serval orders of magnitude. Finally, the proof-of-concept X-ray imaging of a 64 × 64 pixels dark-current-shunting detector array is successfully demonstrated. This work provides a device strategy to fundamentally reduce dark current and enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of X-ray detectors and photodetectors in general.
Topological superconducting vortex from trivial electronic bands
Authors: Hu Lun-Hui , Zhang Rui-Xing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSuperconducting vortices are promising traps to confine non-Abelian Majorana quasi-particles. It has been widely believed that bulk-state topology, of either normal-state or superconducting ground-state wavefunctions, is crucial for enabling Majorana zero modes in solid-state systems. This common belief has shaped two major search directions for Majorana modes, in either intrinsic topological superconductors or trivially superconducting topological materials. Here we show that Majorana-carrying superconducting vortex is not exclusive to bulk-state topology, but can arise from topologically trivial quantum materials as well. We predict that the trivial bands in superconducting HgTe-class materials are responsible for inducing anomalous vortex topological physics that goes beyond any existing theoretical paradigms. A feasible scheme of strain-controlled Majorana engineering and experimental signatures for vortex Majorana modes are also discussed. Our work provides new guidelines for vortex-based Majorana search in general superconductors.
Direct synthesis of ordered mesoporous materials from thermoplastic elastomers
Authors: Robertson Mark , Guillen-Obando Alejandro , Barbour Andrew , Smith Paul , Griffin Anthony , Qiang Zhe 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe ability to manufacture ordered mesoporous materials using low-cost precursors and scalable processes is essential for unlocking their enormous potential to enable advancement in nanotechnology. While templating-based methods play a central role in the development of mesoporous materials, several limitations exist in conventional system design, including cost, volatile solvent consumption, and attainable pore sizes from commercial templating agents. This work pioneers a new manufacturing platform for producing ordered mesoporous materials through direct pyrolysis of crosslinked thermoplastic elastomer-based block copolymers. Specifically, olefinic majority phases are selectively crosslinked through sulfonation reactions and subsequently converted to carbon, while the minority block can be decomposed to form ordered mesopores. We demonstrate that this process can be extended to different polymer precursors for synthesizing mesoporous polymer, carbon, and silica. Furthermore, the obtained carbons possess large mesopores, sulfur-doped carbon framework, with tailorable pore textures upon varying the precursor identities.
Policy prescriptions to address energy and transport poverty in the United Kingdom
Authors: Sovacool Benjamin K. , Upham Paul , Martiskainen Mari , Jenkins Kirsten E. H. , Torres Contreras Gerardo A. , Simcock Neil 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTens of millions of households across Europe struggle to afford adequate electricity and heating services and reliable transportation, while recent high fuel prices could lead to an increase in excess winter deaths. Tackling energy and transport poverty is thus of paramount policy importance. Here we document the drivers and lived experiences of energy and transport poverty in the United Kingdom, based on public focus groups and expert interviews. We find a set of policies that resonate with both expert planners and members of the public, implying they have a level of political and social acceptability that other measures may be lacking, notably: mandatory landlord energy efficiency upgrades, increasing the extent of financial assistance to households, cheaper (or even free) bus and train fares and restarting and expanding bus services. We buttress these findings with further suggestions for energy and transport system redesign that better meets emerging principles of energy and social justice.
Shifts in vegetation activity of terrestrial ecosystems attributable to climate trends
Authors: Higgins Steven I. , Conradi Timo , Muhoko Edward 
Published: February 2023

AbstractClimate change is expected to impact the functioning of the entire Earth system. However, detecting changes in ecosystem dynamics and attributing such change to anthropogenic climate change has proved difficult. Here we analyse the vegetation dynamics of 100 sites representative of the diversity of terrestrial ecosystem types using remote-sensing data spanning the past 40 years and a dynamic model of plant growth, forced by climate reanalysis data. We detect a change in vegetation activity for all ecosystem types and find these changes can be attributed to trends in climate-system parameters. Ecosystems in dry and warm locations responded primarily to changes in soil moisture, whereas ecosystems in cooler locations responded primarily to changes in temperature. We find that the effects of CO2 fertilization on vegetation are limited, potentially due to masking by other environmental drivers. Observed trend switching is widespread and dominated by shifts from greening to browning, suggesting many of the ecosystems studied are accumulating less carbon. Our study reveals a clear fingerprint of climate change in the change exhibited by terrestrial ecosystems over recent decades.
Observation of Kondo condensation in a degenerately doped silicon metal
Authors: Im Hyunsik , Lee Dong Uk , Jo Yongcheol , Kim Jongmin , Chong Yonuk , Song Woon , Kim Hyungsang , Kim Eun Kyu , Yuk Taewon , Sin Sang-Jin , Moon Soonjae , Prance Jonathan R. , Pashkin Yuri A. , Tsai Jaw-Shen 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen a magnetic moment is embedded in a metal, it captures nearby itinerant electrons to form a so-called Kondo cloud. When magnetic impurities are sufficiently dense that their individual clouds overlap with each other they are expected to form a correlated electronic ground state. This is known as Kondo condensation and can be considered a magnetic version of Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair formation. Here, we examine this phenomenon by performing electrical transport and high-precision tunnelling density-of-states spectroscopy measurements in a highly P-doped crystalline silicon metal in which disorder-induced localized magnetic moments exist. We detect the Kondo effect in the resistivity of the Si metal at temperatures below 2 K and an unusual pseudogap in the density of states with gap edge peaks below 100 mK. The pseudogap and peaks are tuned by applying an external magnetic field and transformed into a metallic Altshuler–Aronov gap associated with a paramagnetic disordered Fermi liquid phase. We interpret these observations as evidence of Kondo condensation followed by a transition to a disordered Fermi liquid.
Complex regulation in a Comamonas platform for diverse aromatic carbon metabolism
Authors: Wilkes Rebecca A. , Waldbauer Jacob , Carroll Austin , Nieto-Domínguez Manuel , Parker Darren J. , Zhang Lichun , Guss Adam M. , Aristilde Ludmilla 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCritical to a sustainable energy future are microbial platforms that can process aromatic carbons from the largely untapped reservoir of lignin and plastic feedstocks. Comamonas species present promising bacterial candidates for such platforms because they can use a range of natural and xenobiotic aromatic compounds and often possess innate genetic constraints that avoid competition with sugars. However, the metabolic reactions of these species are underexplored, and the regulatory mechanisms are unknown. Here we identify multilevel regulation in the conversion of lignin-related natural aromatic compounds, 4-hydroxybenzoate and vanillate, and the plastics-related xenobiotic aromatic compound, terephthalate, in Comamonas testosteroni KF-1. Transcription-level regulation controls initial catabolism and cleavage, but metabolite-level thermodynamic regulation governs fluxes in central carbon metabolism. Quantitative 13C mapping of tricarboxylic acid cycle and cataplerotic reactions elucidates key carbon routing not evident from enzyme abundance changes. This scheme of transcriptional activation coupled with metabolic fine-tuning challenges outcome predictions during metabolic manipulations.
Perivascular cells induce microglial phagocytic states and
synaptic engulfment via SPP1 in mouse models of Alzheimer’s
disease
Authors: De Schepper Sebastiaan , Ge Judy Z. , Crowley Gerard , Ferreira Laís S. S. , Garceau Dylan , Toomey Christina E. , Sokolova Dimitra , Rueda-Carrasco Javier , Shin Sun-Hye , Kim Jung-Seok , Childs Thomas , Lashley Tammaryn , Burden Jemima J. , Sasner Michael , Sala Frigerio Carlo , Jung Steffen , Hong Soyon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by synaptic loss,
which can result from dysfunctional microglial phagocytosis and complement
activation. However, what signals drive aberrant microglia-mediated engulfment of
synapses in AD is unclear. Here we report that secreted phosphoprotein 1
(SPP1/osteopontin) is upregulated predominantly by perivascular macrophages and, to
a lesser extent, by perivascular fibroblasts. Perivascular SPP1 is required for
microglia to engulf synapses and upregulate phagocytic markers including C1qa, Grn and
Ctsb in presence of amyloid-β
oligomers. Absence of Spp1 expression in AD mouse models results in prevention of
synaptic loss. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing and putative
cell–cell interaction analyses reveal that perivascular SPP1 induces
microglial phagocytic states in the hippocampus of a mouse model of AD. Altogether,
we suggest a functional role for SPP1 in perivascular cells-to-microglia crosstalk,
whereby SPP1 modulates microglia-mediated synaptic engulfment in mouse models of
AD.
Signal-induced enhancer activation requires Ku70 to read topoisomerase1–DNA covalent complexes
Authors: Tan Yuliang , Yao Lu , Gamliel Amir , Nair Sreejith J. , Taylor Havilah , Ohgi Kenny , Aggarwal Aneel K. , Rosenfeld Michael G. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEnhancer activation serves as the main mechanism regulating signal-dependent transcriptional programs, ensuring cellular plasticity, yet central questions persist regarding their mechanism of activation. Here, by successfully mapping topoisomerase I–DNA covalent complexes genome-wide, we find that most, if not all, acutely activated enhancers, including those induced by 17β-estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, tumor necrosis factor alpha and neuronal depolarization, are hotspots for topoisomerase I–DNA covalent complexes, functioning as epigenomic signatures read by the classic DNA damage sensor protein, Ku70. Ku70 in turn nucleates a heterochromatin protein 1 gamma (HP1γ)–mediator subunit Med26 complex to facilitate acute, but not chronic, transcriptional activation programs. Together, our data uncover a broad, unappreciated transcriptional code, required for most, if not all, acute signal-dependent enhancer activation events in both mitotic and postmitotic cells.
High resolution synthetic residential energy use profiles for the United States
Authors: Thorve Swapna , Baek Young Yun , Swarup Samarth , Mortveit Henning , Marathe Achla , Vullikanti Anil , Marathe Madhav 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEfficient energy consumption is crucial for achieving sustainable energy goals in the era of climate change and grid modernization. Thus, it is vital to understand how energy is consumed at finer resolutions such as household in order to plan demand-response events or analyze impacts of weather, electricity prices, electric vehicles, solar, and occupancy schedules on energy consumption. However, availability and access to detailed energy-use data, which would enable detailed studies, has been rare. In this paper, we release a unique, large-scale, digital-twin of residential energy-use dataset for the residential sector across the contiguous United States covering millions of households. The data comprise of hourly energy use profiles for synthetic households, disaggregated into Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCL) and appliance use. The underlying framework is constructed using a bottom-up approach. Diverse open-source surveys and first principles models are used for end-use modeling. Extensive validation of the synthetic dataset has been conducted through comparisons with reported energy-use data. We present a detailed, open, high resolution, residential energy-use dataset for the United States.