bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of B Lymphocyte Depletion from Murine Spleen Cell Populations by a Human γ-Globulin, Anti-Human γ-Globulin Column System
Authors: Karpf Michael , Gelfand Michael C. , Handwerger Barry S. , Schwartz Ronald H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
It has been reported previously that enriched populations of mouse thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes could be prepared by the use of a column procedure that is believed to remove selectively cells with receptors for antigen-antibody complexes. In our hands, this procedure does not selectively remove B lymphocytes but rather masks the surface immunoglobulin. Analysis of the column-passed cells revealed an apparent decrease in the percentage of immunoglobulin-bearing cells but little decrease in either the percentage of complement receptor lymphocytes or the mitogenic response to lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, rabbit immunoglobulin could be detected on the surface of 35 to 45% of the cells emerging from the columns prepared with rabbit anti-human γ-globulin (HGG). After overnight incubation, 30 to 40% of the emerging cells reexpressed mouse immunoglobulin on their surfaces. Adsorption of the antisera used to make the columns with mouse γ-globulin (MGG) diminished the depleting capacity of the columns. We conclude from these observations that antibodies in the anti-HGG sera, cross-reactive with mouse immunoglobulin, account for the specious depletion of B lymphocytes observed when cells are passed over these antigen-antibody complex columns.
Preliminary Evidence for Cell-Mediated Immunity in Cross-Protection Among Group A Arboviruses
Authors: Peck Richard D. , Brown Arthur , Wust Carl J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Unfractionated and T cell-enriched populations from spleens of mice immunized with Sinbdis virus confer cross-protection against Semliki forest virus challenge in recipient mice. Both Group A viruses are serologically related, but not by tests for cross-neutralizing antibody. The protection in mice persisted for three consecutive cell passages in uninfected mice. The results suggest that cell-mediated immunity accounts for cross-protection.
Regulation of Antibody Response in Vitro
Authors: Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Attempts were made to induce antibody response of hapten-primed cells by stimulation with anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody and cellfree supernatant (CFS) which contained nonspecific enhancing factor. Mesenteric lymph node cells were obtained from rabbits which were primed with dinitrophenylated ragweed antigen (DNP-Rag), and the primed cells were incubated in vitro with either anti-rabbit γ-chain or anti-Fab antibody for 24 hr. After washing, the cells were cultured in CFS which was obtained from the culture of DNP-Ascaris (DNP-Asc)-primed lymph node cells with free carrier (Asc). The results showed that hapten-primed cells were triggered for IgG anti-DNP antibody response by the two reagents, i.e., anti-Ig antibody and CFS, both of which did not share any antigenic specificity with the priming antigen (DNP-Rag). Neither anti-Ig alone nor CFS alone induced anti-hapten antibody response. Anti-Ig and CFS triggered not only hapten-primed B cells but also the other IgG-bearing (B) cells for IgG synthesis. Lymph node cells of unprimed animals were activated for IgG synthesis by the stimulation with anti-Ig followed by culture in CFS. Evidence was obtained that anti-Ig antibody has to be divalent for the activation of B cells. Stimulation of DNP-primed cells with the F(ab′)2 fragment of the antibody and CFS-induced anti-hapten antibody response, whereas the Fab′ fragment of the anti-Ig plus CFS failed to do so. The results suggested that bridging of cell-surface Ig receptors by multivalent ligand is the initial step of B cell activation. Another evidence for the activation of hapten-primed B cells by anti-Ig was obtained by supplemental immunization of DNP-Asc-primed animals with the Fc fragment of goat IgG. Stimulation of mesenteric lymph node cells from these animals with goat anti-rabbit-Ig alone (no CFS) resulted in the formation of anti-DNP IgG antibody. The results indicated that lymphocytes primed for goat IgG collaborated with DNP-primed IgG-B cells when the lymph node cells were stimulated with goat anti-Ig.
The Location of Regions in Guinea Pig and Bovine Myelin Basic Proteins Which Induce Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Lewis Rats
Authors: Martenson Russell E. , Levine Seymour , Sowinski Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Myelin basic proteins and peptides derived from them by limited cleavage with pepsin were tested for their ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. The encephalitogenicity of the weakly active bovine protein was found to be associated with both halves of the molecule, peptides (1–88) and (89–169). Of the four smaller derivatives of peptide (1–88), peptides (1–36), (43–88), (1–42), and (37–88), only the last two were active. This demonstrated that the overlap region consisting of residues 37–42 (sequence Asp-Ser-Leu-Gly-Arg-Phe) constitutes an encephalitogenic determinant. Of the two smaller derivatives of peptide (89–169), peptides (111–169) and (89–152), only the last was active. This indicated that the second encephalitogenic determinant begins between residues 88 and 111 and ends before residue 153. This region contains the sequence Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Arg-Phe (residues 108–113), which is strikingly similar to that of the first encephalitogenic determinant. Studies involving the extremely encephalitogenic guinea pig protein demonstrated that virtually all of the activity was recovered in the peptides corresponding to bovine peptides (37–88) and (43–88). These peptides, but not those comprising the remainder of the protein, were active in inhibiting the passive transfer of EAE with lymph node cells from donors immunized with guinea pig spinal cord.
Allergic Encephalomyelitis in the Reputedly Resistant Brown Norway Strain of Rats
Authors: Levine Seymour , Sowinski Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Brown Norway (BN) rats are much less susceptible to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) than Lewis rats. Nevertheless, BN rats developed severe EAE, even paralysis, when immunized with rat spinal cord and carbonyl iron adjuvant. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was much less effective. The use of both CFA and pertussis vaccine with rat cord was moderately, but not consistently, effective. Guinea pig spinal cord was weakly encephalitogenic to BN rats with all adjuvant combinations. We were not able to produce EAE in BN rats with purified myelin basic protein from either rat or guinea pig. Inoculations directly into lymph nodes or into the blood stream proved that the low susceptibility of BN rats was not due to lack of absorption from the site of inoculation, but may be related to peculiarities of processing antigen in draining lymph nodes. The severity of EAE in F1 hybrids was intermediate between the BN and Lewis parental strains when tested with an immunizing procedure of appropriate strength. The fact that F1 hybrids were less reactive than Lewis mandates modification of the theory that susceptibility to EAE is inherited through a single autosomal dominant gene.
Characterization of Immune Response and Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions in Selected Intra-H-2 Recombinant Strains
Authors: Dorf M. E. , Plate J. M. D. , Stimpfling J. H. , Benacerraf B. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The genes controlling the immune response to the random linear terpolymers GAT and GLpro have been mapped in the Ir-1A or Ir-1B subregions with five lines of H-2a/H-2a recombinant mice. The I region also contains a third subregion, I-C, which codes for a lymphocyte-activating determinant, Lad2, controlling mixed lymphocyte reactivity. The mixed lymphocyte responses associated with I-C region disparity are compared with the stimulation noted with other H-2 region differences. Unidirectional lymphocyte activitation was associated with the Lad2 determinants in selected combinations.
Reaginic Antibody Formation in the Mouse
Authors: Okudaira Hirokazu , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
DBA/1 mice were primed with dinitrophenyl-keyhole lympet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) included in aluminum hydroxide gel, and the adoptive anti-DNP IgE antibody response of their spleen cells was studied by transfer into irradiated syngeneic mice. As expected, depletion of T cells by anti-ϑ antiserum and complement abolished the response of the spleen cells to homologous antigen. If the same T-depleted spleen cells were cultured with DNP-KLH for 24 hr and then transferred into irradiated mice, anti-DNP IgE antibody response was obtained. It was also found that DNP-KLH-primed spleen cells were triggered for IgE antibody response if they were cultured for 24 to 48 hr with DNP heterologous carrier conjugate, such as DNP-bovine γ-globulin or a copolymer of D-tyrosine, glutamine, and lysine. Transfer of the cells cultured with the antigen into irradiated recipients resulted in the formation of anti-DNP IgE antibody. The DNP-KLH-primed cells, cultured for 24 hr in the absence of antigen and then treated with DNP-BGG at 0°C, also gave an adoptive IgE antibody response. if the same DNP-KLH-primed cells were treated with the DNP heterologous carrier conjugate at 0°C or injected into irradiated recipients together with the antigen, no IgE antibody response was obtained. The results indicated that T cell dependency of the IgE antibody response is diminished by culture of DNP-KLH-primed cells for 24 to 48 hr.
Neural Antigens and Induction of Myelination Inhibition Factor
Authors: Seil Fredrick J. , Kies Marian W. , Bacon Martha 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbits were sensitized or immunized with a variety of central nervous system antigens, including bovine spinal cord, bovine, monkey, human, guinea pig, rabbit, and rat S myelin basic proteins, and a polypeptide derived from guinea pig basic protein. The animals were observed for development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and their sera were collected at varying intervals after inoculation and evaluated for presence of precipitating anti-basic protein antibody and for their ability to inhibit myelin formation in cerebellar tissue cultures. The resulting complete dissociation between development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the presence of antibasic protein antibody and the occurrence of myelination inhibition factor suggests that myelination inhibition factor is not involved in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and argues against a role for anti-basic protein antibody as an antimyelin factor in vitro.
Heavy Chain-Producing Variants of a Mouse Myeloma Cell Line
Authors: Morrison Sherie L. , Scharff Matthew D. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Eleven variants producing only heavy (H) chains have been isolated from the P3 cell line after mutagenesis with either ICR-191 or nitrosoguanidine. The H chains produced by these variants are similar both in molecular weight and by peptide maps with the parental H chain. H chains dimerize intreacellularly, are not secreted but persist as stable cytoplasmic proteins. No evidence for the continued synthesis of light (L) chains or L chain fragments has been found in these variants. These studies show that, in the P3 cell line, the synthesis of H chains can continue in the absence of detectable L chain synthesis.
Lymphoid Cell Adenylate Cyclase Activity after X-Irradiation and Cortisone Treatment
Authors: Kemp Robert G. , Duquesnoy René J. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Cortisone injection and x-irradiation of normal mice lead to extensive destruction of thymus and spleen lymphocytes. The lymphocytes resistant to these treatments have basal adenylate cyclase activities that are the same as or slightly lower than the cells of untreated animals. On the other hand, the ability of the cyclase of the cortisone-resistant and radioresistant lymphocytes to respond to stimulation by epinephrine is greatly diminished. The results provide an explanation for the previously observed lack of epinephrine sensitivity of the cyclase of lymphoid cells of immunodeficient pituitary dwarf mice and suggest that the depressed lymphoid cell population of the dwarf is the result of an inability to recover from stress-related lymphoid involution. It is also suggested that the more mature population of lymphoid cells of normal mice is less responsive to hormonal influences.
The Production of Anti-Guinea Pig Lymphokine Antibody
Authors: Yoshida Takeshi , Bigazzi Pierluigi E. , Cohen Stanley 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Rabbit antiserum to lymphokine-containing supernatant fluids has been prepared by means of a two-stage immunization procedure. Migration inhibiting factor (MIF)-containing and control supernatants were obtained from guinea pig lymphocyte cultures. Both were fractionated on Sephadex G-100. Fractions of control supernatants corresponding to active fractions from the MIF-rich material were used to immunize rabbits. The anti-“control” antibody so obtained was conjugated to agarose beads to prepare an immunoadsorbent column. The MIF-rich Sephadex fractions were passed through this column to remove materials corresponding to those found in control supernatants and which could react with the anti-control antibody. The eluted MIF-rich fraction was concentrated and used to immunize a second group of rabbits. The anti-“lymphokine” antiserum so obtained was studied for its effect in vitro and in vivo. It was found capable of suppressing the activity of MIF, macrophage chemotactic factor, and skin reactive factor. It could also suppress delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in actively immunized guinea pigs.
Synergistic Effects on DNA Synthesis of Phytohemagglutinin or Concanavalin A and Lipopolysaccharide in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
Authors: Schmidtke Jon R. , Najarian John S. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Mixtures of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or Concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) resulted in a synergistic effect on DNA synthesis as measured by increased 3H-thymidine uptake. These data were compared to the mitogenic response of human PBL to PHA, Con A, or LPS alone. Various combinations of PHA and Con A usually suppressed DNA synthesis in human PBL. Titration experiments revealed that increasing amounts of LPS, in the presence of a constant amount of Con A, resulted in corresponding increases in the synergistic response of human PBL. Conversely, increasing amounts of Con A, in the presence of a constant amount of LPS did not lead to increases in the amount of synergism. The results are discussed in terms of the participation of additional cells in the synergistic response of human PBL.
Antibody-Dependent Cytolysis of Chicken Erythrocytes by an in Vitro-Established Line of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages
Authors: Walker William S. , Demus Annmarie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An in vitro-established line of mouse peritoneal macrophages (IC-21) was tested for its ability to mediate the cytolysis of 51chromiun-labeled chicken erythrocytes. In the presence of specific antibody, but independently of complement, the macrophages phagocytized and lysed labeled erythrocytes. The phagocytic process proved to be functionally distinct from the cytolytic reaction as demonstrated by enhanced cytolysis in the presence of iodoacetate, an inhibitor of phagocytosis.
This cell line, because of its effector activity in antibody-dependent cell-mediated immune reactions, will be useful in characterizing the mechanism(s) involved in macrophage-mediated cytolysis.
Immunologic Properties of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS): Correlation between the Mitogenic, Adjuvant, and Immunogenic Activities
Authors: Skidmore Barry J. , Chiller Jacques M. , Morrison David C. , Weigle William O. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was demonstrated to have the capacity in mice to enhance the response to soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to interfere with the induction of tolerance to human γ-globulin (HGG). These adjuvant activities were shown to occur under conditions in which LPS could also function as a B cell mitogen. This positive correlation was established by utilizing two experimental situations in which LPS was non-mitogenic for spleen cells. Thus, on the one hand, it was found that LPS did not function as an adjuvant in C3H/HeJ mice, a unique strain whose spleen cells were also unresponsive to LPS-induced mitogenesis. On the other hand, in strains which did respond to LPS mitogenically, LPS failed to function as an adjuvant when it was chemically altered to reduce its in vitro mitogenic activity. A correlation was also observed between mitogenesis and the capacity of LPS to function as a specific immunogen in mice. In contrast to the sustained and prolonged plaque-forming cell response that was observed in mice whose spleen cells were also responsive to LPS-induced mitogenesis, the response was relatively transient in the C3H/HeJ strain. These results are discussed in view of the possible in vivo modes of action of LPS.
Effect of Polycations and Polyanions on Behavior of Sheep Red Blood Cell Rosettes of Human Lymphocytes
Authors: Yu David Tak Yan , Pearson Carl M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The role of cell surface charges in the behavior of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) rosettes with human lymphocytes was investigated by using various polycations and polyanions. Polycations (DEAE-dextran, polybrene, poly-l-lysine, spermadine) at appropriate concentrations (1) invariably increased the proportions of early rosettes. This was so irrespective of whether it was the SRBC or the lymphocytes that were being treated with the reagents. (2) The rosettes so formed also consisted of a greater number of red blood cells per rosette (3). On incubating the rosettes at 37°C, they dissociated by capping. The rates of dissociation and capping were retarded by polycation treatment. (4) The resistance to rosette disruption was increased. These properties were very similar to those observed on cells treated with neuraminidase. Treatment of cells with the polyanions heparin and dextran sulfate induced the opposite effects: reduced the number of rosettes and increased the rate of dissociation, and decreased the resistance of rosettes to disruption. It was concluded that alterations of cell surface charges could drastically influence SRBC-lymphocyte interactions. To investigate whether rosette inhibitors could do so by altering cell surface charges, cell were treated with anti-lymphocytic sera, 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide. All three agents inhibited rosette formation. Whereas DEAE-dextran could partially reverse the inhibition by the first two agents, it failed to do so with the third. This suggested that the first two may have inhibited rosette formation by altering the surface charges.
Suppression of Reaginic Antibody Formation
Authors: Lee Weng Y. , Sehon Alec H. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
By the use of the adoptive transfer system in syngeneic mice it was demonstrated that: i) spleen cells of animals tolerized by the i.v. injection of DNP8-MγG 1 month before adoptive transfer into x-irradiated recipients remained unresponsive when further challenged with the sensitizing antigen (DNP2.3-OA administered i.p. with Al (OH)3); by contrast, a significant response (typical of a secondary response) was obtained in recipients of cells from mice which had received only the sensitized antigen; ii) the anti-hapten IgE secondary response of primed cells was not affected by the presence of cells of tolerized mice when these two types of cells were administered and challenged together in x-irradiated recipients; iii) the transfer of spleen cells or serum of mice, tolerized 20 days before harvesting, into intact syngeneic recipients did not interfere with the normal development of the anti-DNP IgE response of the latter; iv) the anti-hapten responses of tolerized animals receiving spleen cells from normal or primed mice together with the sensitizing antigen resulted, respectively, in a primary or secondary response; (v) the unresponsive state of tolerized cells, achieved by immunosuppression of the original donors with respect to the haptenic determinant, was maintained even after two serial exposures of the cells to the immunizing antigen in two consecutive adoptive cell transfers into x-irradiated recipients. These findings provide a strong basis for the interpretation that the hapten-specific tolerance induced in mice by treatment with DNP8-MγG involved the elimination or inactivation of hapten-specific IgE-producing cells or the blockade of the receptors of these cells.
Reticulum Cell Sarcoma: An Effector Cell in Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Immunity
Authors: Ralph Peter , Prichard John , Cohn Melvin 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A transplantable, murine reticulum cell sarcoma is described which exhibits the cytologic, adherence, and phagocytic properties of macrophages. It forms specific rosettes with erythrocytes in the presence of the corresponding anti-serum. The ascites cells mediate antibody-dependent cellular immunity as assayed by release of radioactivity from 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes. The contribution of contaminating host cells in the cytotoxic reaction was ruled out by growing the tumor in F1 mice and removing the host cells by anti-H2 serum and complement. The tumor cells have receptors for IgG2a and IgG2b immunoglobulins. The availability of a pure population of effector cells in the immune system allows study of the biochemical processes pursuant to lysis of foreign cells.
Constant-Region Cysteine-Containing Peptides of b4 and b9 Rabbit κ-Chains Isolated by a New Diagonal Mapping Procedure
Authors: Goodfliesh Robert M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A diagonal mapping technique for the selective isolation of cysteine-containing peptides was introduced about 10 years ago by Brown and Hartley (1, 2). Peptides are first separated by electrophoresis in one dimension on filter paper. The paper is then dried and exposed to performic acid vapors which cleave and oxidize cystine residues into two cysteic acid residues. The electrophoretic mobility of cysteic acid-containing peptides usually changes because the peptides are smaller and cysteic acid residues are negatively charged. A second electrophoresis is run at right angles to the first dimension. Peptides which do not contain cysteine have the same mobility in both dimensions and lie on a 45° diagonal. Cysteine-containing peptides “map” off the diagonal. I have developed a new version of this technique which is faster and more specific for cysteine-containing peptides. Proteins are first completely sulfitolyzed (3) and then enzymatically digested; cysteine and cystine residues are thus present as negatively charged S-sulfo cysteinyl derivatives (—S—SO3-).