bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivity of high active aluminum powder with RDX and HMX mixtures
Authors: Xu Si-yu , Yao Er-gang , Jiang Han-yu , Pei Qing 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to reveal the interaction law of high active aluminum powder with RDX and HMX mixture, the thermal decomposition behavior of highly active Al powder and its interaction with typical nitramine explosive RDX and HMX were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), thermo-mass spectrometry (TG-DTG-DSC-MS) and CO2 laser ignition technology. Results show that when the nanometer aluminum powder and RDX and HMX respectively, two typical nitramine explosive mixing action is of little influence on the mixing action to respond to the thermal decomposition of HMX, depress RDX points liberation degree of temperature, both the thermal decomposition process of mixed system for random nucleation and subsequent growth process, the ignition delay time decreases with the increase of laser ignition power density. The ignition delay time and ignition energy of the mixture of high active aluminum powder and RDX are greater than that of the mixture of high active aluminum powder and HMX and the high active aluminum powder.
Preparation, Characterization and Properties of NC-coated Zirconium Composite Particles
Authors: Jiang Han-Yu , Yu Jin , Wang Xuan-jun , Jiao Xu-ying , Mu Xiao-gang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Zirconium has certain application advantages compared with other metals due to its high density, high volume calorific value and combustion performance. Unfortunately, the applications of current Zirconium powders are limited due to its high electrostatic discharge sensitivity, making Zirconium powders more pyrophoric and less amenable to functionalization. To improve the security, Zr/NC composite particles with reduced electrostatic discharge sensitivity are prepared by solvent-antisolvent method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TG, SEM and ESD test. The measurement confirmed that the 50% firing energy (E50) of Zr/NC is increased from 5.13 mJ to 25.2 mJ, which is 5 times higher than that of raw Zr powder. The results show that surface coating modification is a feasible method for decreasing the ESD of Zr powder. This study provides technology support for its application in high density propellant.
Combustion characteristics of Al-Li alloy powder and its application in solid propellant
Authors: Zhou Xing , Huang Lei , Liu Xufeng , Yu Haiyang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article is focused on the analysis of Al-Li alloy powder’s thermal oxidation reactivity. The Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis results show that the Al-Li particles are uniform and spherical. The phase transformation of the Al-Li alloy powder during the oxidation process was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), the phase composition of the oxide alloy particles is mainly oxides such as LiAlO2 and LiAl5O8, indicating that the particles are fully burned. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) are performed coupled with thermodynamic calculations. The analysis results show that Li can reduce the activation energy required for the powder reaction, promote the combustion of Al powder, reduce the ignition temperature, and make the particles begin to oxidize at low temperature. At the same time, Li can shorter the ignition time of Al-Li alloy particles and improve the particles or propellant combustion characteristics. The results of this work demonstrate that fuel particle engineering for more complete combustion and energy conversion can be achieved by adding other elements and changing the powder formulation.
Research on the Needle Deformation of Extrusion Mold for 19-hole Propellant
Authors: Ji Dandan , Mao Changyong , Xiao Yong , Ma Tao , Huifang Shi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pore diameter and arc thickness of propellant are decided by the extrusion mold parameters. Mold needles deform during propellant’s forming process because of the propellant material’s high viscosity and needle’s flexibility, which affects the quality of propellant products. Based on fluid-structure interaction, we simulated the extrusion process of 19-hole nitroguanidine propellant and studied the influence law of mold structural parameters on the deformation of needles. The results show that forming section length has the greatest impact on the needles’ deformation, and the effect of compression section height is the second, while contraction angle is the least. The deformation of mold needles increase with forming section length, compression section height, and contraction growing.
Thermal Risk Assessment of Sandmeyer Reaction from 5-Aminotetrazole (5-AT) to Hydronium Copper(II)-tris(5-nitrotetrazolate) trihydrate
Authors: Ni Debin , Hou Jian , Liu Jiang , Jia Yuxin , Chen Li , Yu Guoqiang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
5-NaNT was the raw key material of copper(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1) and tetraaminecis-bis(5-nitrotetrazolato) cobalt(III) perchlorate (BNCP), which was prepared from 5-AT by Sandmeyer reaction. This reaction was usually happened slightly blast due to release heat and nitrogen gas during whole procession. In order to enhance the safety of reaction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure exothermal of reaction solution and intermediate, reaction calorimeter (RCle) was used to assess the thermal risk, adiabatic calorimeter (RAC) was used to estimate the stability of technological process and hydronium copper(II)-tris(5-nitrotetrazolate) trihydrate (Cu(H-NT)(NT)2(H2O)4) which was intermediate for 5-NaNT. The Td24 was 168h, the maximum temperature of the synthesis reaction (MTSR) was 17°C, adiabatic temperature rise was 43 K, the maximum heat accumulation was 9%, the specific heat release was 3654 kJ/kg. The result shown that dangerous chemical processes risk rank was 1, which mean that the risk of this reaction was relatively low. Matrix evaluation of thermal runaway reaction was level 1, it was that immediately cut off the feed raw material was useful if the cooling system out of service.
Comparison of Three CL-20 Based Explosive Parameters
Authors: Yi-dong Jing , Yuan Cao , Bo Chang , Da-yu Shu , Ming Jia , Qiong Xiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to differences in charging technology, test methods, etc. the same explosive can obtain different explosive parameters in different tests. The difference in performance of explosives with different parameters is the focus of engineer’s design. This paper uses the TNT equivalence (TNTe) to compare the parameters of three CL-20 based explosives reported in the previous literature. In this paper, TNTe is attained from Peak overpressure (OP) and impulse (IM), calculated by AUTODYN software and is compared with the TNTe calculated by Cooper Method, Hydrodynamic Work, heat of detonation method. The results show that the difference of TNTe among different parameters can reach 30%. The TNTe calculated by heat of detonation method is too low to be recommended. The average value of TNTe calculated by other methods is 1.69±0.09. More accurate TNTe needs to be used with caution, including data sources and limitations.
Research on NEPE Propellant at High Strain Rates
Authors: Zhengwei Sun , Xinggui Fan , Jiaming Liu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the mechanical properties of Nitrate Ester Plasticized Polyether (NEPE) propellant at high strain rates, the impact tests of NEPE propellant were carried out by the split Hopkinson bar, and the stress-strain curves of NEPE propellant under different strain rates ( 1500s−1-4500s−1 ) were obtained. The test results show that NEPE propellant has obvious nonlinear elasticity and strain rate sensitivity. The microstructure of NEPE propellant was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the fracture mechanism of NEPE propellant under high strain rate was obtained by analyzing the microstructure of propellant. In this paper, a nonlinear visco-hyperelastic constitutive model is adopted, in which Rivlin model and the viscoelastic model are used to describe the mechanical properties of materials. The constitutive parameters of the material were obtained by fitting the test data, and it was proved that the model could well describe the mechanical properties of NEPE propellant at high strain rates by comparing the test curve under different strain rates.
Study on the safety of modified aluminum powder in 3D printing process
Authors: Bai D Y , Yao Y D , Liu J P , Xu S , Kang L M , Liu D B , Luo Y M , Li Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The application of 3D printing technology in the field of explosives has been a research hotspot in recent years. As the most common explosive additive, how to improve the reactivity of aluminum powder has been widely concerned by many scholars. In order to explore the influence of coating modification process on the safety of aluminum powder in 3D printing process, Hartmann tube and Ignition temperature test system were used to study the sensitivity of dust samples to energy and temperature. The results show that the sensitivity of coated aluminum powder to electrostatic energy is significantly reduced, and the sensitivity to temperature is slightly increased. Better modification technology improves the safety of aluminum powder in 3D printing process. And the flame front propagation law is studied, the results show that the modified aluminum powder has more excellent reactivity. It provides basic theoretical data support for the safe application of the modification technology of aluminum powder in the 3D printing process, which has important reference value for the future application research of 3D printing technology in the field of explosives, and is also one of the key development directions in the future. in constructing both.
Research on catalytic performance of transition-metal-based MOFs towards thermal decomposition of RDX
Authors: Ren Jia-Tong , Wei Ding , Tan Bo-Jun , Cui Peng-Teng 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
It is beneficial for the efficient energy utilization of propellants to develop high - efficiency catalysts for thermal decomposition of energetic materials. Herein, catalytic characteristics of different transition-metal-based MOFs on thermal decomposition of cyclotrimethylenetriamine (RDX) were studied, such as [Zn2(atz)3(N3)]n, MIL-88B and ZIF-67. ZIF-67 was found to exhibit superior properties therein. On this basis, size effect of ZIF-67 when catalyzing the thermal decomposition of RDX was further investigated. It has been found that the catalytic performance can be boosted as the size of ZIF-67 is reduced. However, the performance will decline when the size is ulteriorly reduced into nanoscale. Besides, the doping of Ni, Cu or Zn into ZIF-67 has little effect on the promotion of the catalytic performance. Among all the catalysts, ZIF-67-S shows the best catalytic performance for the thermal decomposition of RDX, which is superior to most existing catalysts. Specifically, it can reduce the thermal decomposition peak temperature of RDX by 22.4 °C and enhance the apparent decomposition heat by 59.9%. As a consequence, it is expected to be used as a combustion catalyst in propellants such as 3D printing gun propellants with high RDX contents.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Buffer Layer on the Explosive Drive of Reactive Fragment
Authors: Peng Jun , Liu Wei , Liang Zheng-feng , Guo Hong-fu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In order to study the influence of the buffer layer on the explosive drive of the reactive fragment, for the reactive fragment warhead of the same structure, the warhead static explosion test and the break-through target test method were used to test the fragment integrity and the fragment integrity of the reactive fragment warhead of the reactive fragment warhead with several different thickness silicone rubber buffer layers. The initial velocity of the fragment was measured, and its integrity and the variation law of the initial velocity were analyzed. The results show that with the increase of the thickness of the buffer layer, the integrity of the reactive fragments increases. When the thickness of the buffer layer is 2 mm, the fragment integrity rate is zero, and when the thickness of the buffer layer is greater than 8 mm, the integrity rate is greater than 0.85. The difference in the initial velocity of the warhead of the same reactive fragment is small, mainly because with the increase of the thickness of the buffer layer, the initial velocity of the fragment decreases mainly because the loading ratio of the warhead decreases; the buffer layer has a significant effect on reducing the initial velocity of the reactive fragment, and k=0.83 can be used The modified Gurney formula was used to estimate the initial velocity of the reactive fragments of the silicone rubber buffer layer.
Dynamic response behavior of PTFE/Al/oxide reactive materials
Authors: Yuan Ying , Sun Tao , Wang Haifu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
PTFE/Al, as a kind of typical reactive material with a high energy density and impact-induced reaction characteristics, has attracted extensive attention. Three kinds of PTFE/Al/oxide materials were designed and fabricated by introducing CuO, Fe2O3, and MoO3 into PTFE/Al, and their dynamic mechanical responses were studied by SHPB experiments. The results showed that the sample cracked undergoing high strain rate compression, the metal particles peeled off from the matrix on the microstructure, and many PTFE filaments formed on both ends of the crack. PTFE/Al/oxide presents typical elastoplastic characteristics with strain rates ranging from 3000 s−1 to 7000 s−1. With the increase of strain rate, the failure stress and failure strain of the three materials increased, showing a significant strain rate strengthening effect. Among them, PTFE/Al/CuO has the highest failure stress and strain. The mechanism analysis shows that the porosity of Fe2O3 and the agglomeration effect of MoO3 lead to the number of initial pores increasing in the sample, and these pores easily trigger the propagation of cracks
Penetration enhanced behaviour of reactive fragment impacting medium-thickness plate
Authors: Xiang J A , Sun T , Liu A X , Guo H G , Wang H F 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The medium-thickness plate penetration enhanced behavior of coupled kinetic energy and chemical energy of reactive fragment was investigated. A series of penetration experiments were conducted. After the experiments, the High-speed photography images and blackening at front plate were compared. The results show that the enhancement behavior of reactive fragment penetrating is related to the intensity of deflagration at front plate. Division of deflagration zones of reactive fragment impacting at front plate is proposed, combine dynamic model of reactive fragment penetrating medium-thickness plate, reveal the enhancement mechanism of reactive fragment penetrating medium-thickness plate below ballistic limit velocity.
Influence of initiation manner on forming characteristics of reactive material jet
Authors: Shi D F , Hu Die , Cai Y Q 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The influence of different initiation manners on the forming features of reactive material jets was investigated using the AUTODYN-3D simulation software. The numerical simulation findings demonstrate that, as compared to center point initiation, annular multi-point initiation greatly improves the velocity of the reactive material jet head created, but the expansion impact is more noticeable during the jet generating process. At the head and axis of the jet, there are noticeable low density zones (density less than 1.2 g/ cm3) and high temperature zones (temperature greater than 1000 K) with annular multi-point initiation. This is due to the superposition of several detonation waves, which raises the detonation pressure pressing on the reactive material liner, resulting in faster liner crushing. Furthermore, when the number of initiation points and the distance between initiation positions increases, the range of low density and high temperature regions extends, reducing the reactive material jet’s penetration capabilities.
The flow behavior and constitutive equation of (Al3Ti+Al2O3)/2024Al composites during hot compression
Authors: Yang L , Chao Z L , Zhao Z H , Jiang L T , Chen G Q , Wu G H , Tong H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, Al3Ti and nano-Al2O3 co-reinforced aluminum matrix composites were prepared in situ autogenously using TiO2 and Al alloys as raw materials. The high-temperature compression properties of the composites were tested at temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.0014 s−1 to 0.42 s−1. Excellent high-temperature properties were demonstrated due to the presence of a large amount of Al3Ti and nano-Al2O3 high-temperature phases in the composites. The peak compressive stress of (Al3Ti+Al2O3)/2024Al composites gradually decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The study also calculated the deformation activation energy of the composites and the intrinsic structure model during hot compression. This is a guideline for obtaining the material thermal processing conditions of new composites with excellent high-temperature properties.
Research on High-performance PEEK Composites
Authors: Juncong Liu , Shuhu Li , Aiyun Liu , Wenfang Xing , Junyan Li , Ping Li , Lei Shi 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) has excellent comprehensive properties, but compared with traditional materials, it has many disadvantages, such as small modulus of Elasticity, small impact force, high melting point and so on. In order to improve the properties of PEEK composites, this paper summarized the improvement schemes of the mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, friction resistance, high temperature resistance and other properties of PEEK and its composites. The properties of PEEK composites filled with carbon nano-materials, fibers and whiskers were reviewed, and the research progress of modified PEEK composites in recent years was introduced, the aim is to improve the comprehensive properties of composite materials by adding a small amount of materials. And the development situation and the law were summarized from some certain degree. In the end, the development direction and trend of PEEK composites were prospected.
Effect of Ce on the microstructure and property of Sn0.7Cu solder
Authors: Yue Fan , Wei Wei , Lei Zhang , Xiucai Yang , Dashun Zhang 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The effect of Ce multi-addition on wettability and microstructure of Sn-0.7Cu solder was investigated. The results indicated that the multi-addition of Ce could greatly improve the wettability of solder and refine the microstructure of solder matrix. The optimal property of solder was obtained when the addition of Ce reached 0.1 wt.%. With the increasing of Ce addition, black phase appeared and tend to be accumulated in the solder matrix. EDS results indicated that the composition of black phase contained varies elements including Sn, Cu, Ni, and Ce. Compared with the previous research results of solder with excessive Ce addition, no obviously Sn-Nd phase was observed while a small amount of Ga2Nd phase appeared in the solder matrix.
Properties and Defence Applications of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Guo Hui-li , Zhang Qing-xian , Liu Yan-ping , Zhao Dong-kui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Properties and defence applications of carbon nanotubes are discussed in the paper. Carbon nanotubes are important emerging materials, showing diverse unique and interesting properties, such as optical, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties, at the same time high chemical reactivity as well, due to their quantum confinement effects, more important, these properties are tunable in some extend. Lots of applications such as strength-enhanced structure materials, radar-absorbing structure, armor, body armor, wearable thermoelectric devices, smart textiles, water purification, warfare agent sensors and flat panel display, and so on, can be found using carbon nanotubes.
Microfluidic preparation and thermal properties of HMX@PDA@MO
Authors: Yu J , Yao E , Xu S , Wang Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Metal oxides can effectively promote the thermal decomposition of energetic materials. However, the traditional physical mixing process has potential safety hazards and cannot achieve uniform and stable coating. To address this issue, this study provides adhesion sites for metal oxides through the rough coating formed by polydopamine on the surface of HMX, which improves the coating stability. Taking advantage of the safety and efficient mixing of microfluidic technology, HMX@PDA@MO samples with good dispersion were prepared. The samples were characterized by SEM-EDS, XRD and DSC. The XRD results demonstrate the successful preparation of HMX@PDA@CuO and HMX@PDA@PbO samples. SEM-EDS images show that polydopamine forms a rough coating on the surface of HMX, and the increase in the total flow rate is beneficial to enhance the dispersion of metal oxides. The DSC data showed that the addition of 3% and 20% CuO advanced the thermal decomposition temperature and apparent activation energy of HMX@PDA by 0.3K, 40.13 kJ·mol−1 and 2K, 108.83 kJ·mol−1, respectively, PbO is 0.1K, 111.94 kJ·mol−1, and 4.5K, 205.02 kJ·mol−1. It shows that the increase of metal oxide content will promote thermal decomposition. For HMX, PbO has better catalytic activity than CuO. PbO has better catalytic activity than CuO for HMX.
Design theory and anti-ballistic effect simulation of dual phase hybrid functionally graded ceramic composite armor
Authors: Li Nan , Shen Zhiwei , Tao Zhiguo 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Functional gradient structure design is one way to improve the anti-ballistic performance of ceramic composite armors. In this paper, the design theory of dual phase hybrid functionally graded ceramics is established. Through the finite element simulation of the anti-ballistic behaviour, three structural effects of dual phase hybrid functionally graded ceramics composite armor are studied: monolithic ceramics (MC), unidirectional functionally graded ceramics (UFGC) and bidirectional functionally graded ceramics (BFGC). The ceramics structure of composite armor is optimized. The simulation results of the optimized structure of unidirectional and bidirectional functionally graded ceramics are better than that of monolithic ceramics, and the weight is lighter. This research can provide theoretical support for the design of functionally graded ceramic composite armor.
A numerical calculation method of laser illumination starting time suitable for air-to-ground missiles
Authors: Zou Ruping , Chen Shichao , Li Peng , Duan Chenlu , Liu Ming , Chen Yun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the problem of the precise determination of laser illumination starting time for air-to-ground missiles (AGMs), a numerical calculation method based on multidimensional polynomial fitting is proposed in this paper. The presented method takes various factors including temperature, altitude, and platform velocity into consideration. Influence by the parameters is delivered step by step through feature points-based polynomial fitting, and high-precision laser illumination starting time can be achieved. Helicopter-borne AGM flight data have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.