bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel variant in BCL11B in an individual with neurodevelopmental delay: A case report
Authors: Yu Yonglin , Jia Xiaoyi , Yin Hongwei , Jiang Hongfang , Du Yu , Yang Fan , Yang Zuozhen , Li Haifeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundB‐Cell CLL/Lymphoma 11B (BCL11B) is a C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor that has broad biological functions and is essential for the development of the immune system, neural system, cardiovascular system, dermis, and dentition. Variants of BCL11B have been found in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders and immunodeficiency.Materials and MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing (WES) and clinical examinations were performed to identify the etiology of our patient. A variant in the BCL11B gene, NM_138576.4: c.1206delG (p.Phe403Serfs*2) was found and led to frameshift truncation.ResultsWe reported a male patient with developmental delay and cerebral palsy who carried the BCL11B variant. The detailed clinical features, such as brain structure and immune detection, were described and reviewed in comparison to previous patients.ConclusionsThe BCL11B‐related neurodevelopmental disorders are rare, and only 17 variants in 25 patients have been found to date. Our report expands the variants spectrum of BCL11B and increases the case of neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
LGEANet: LSTM‐global temporal convolution‐external attention network for respiratory motion prediction
Authors: Zhang Kunpeng , Yu Jiahong , Liu Jia , Li Qian , Jin Shuang , Su Zhe , Xu Xiaotong , Dai Zhenhui , Wang Xuetao , Zhang Hua 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo develop a deep learning network that treats the three‐dimensional respiratory motion signals as a whole and considers the inter‐dimensional correlation between signals of different directions for accurate respiratory tumor motion prediction.MethodsWe propose a deep learning framework, named as LSTM‐Global Temporal Convolution‐External Attention Network (LGEANet). In LGEANet, we first feed each of the univariate time series into the Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) module respectively and utilize the strength of the global temporal convolutional layer to discover the temporal pattern of the univariate signals from hidden states of the LSTM. Then, External attention is adopted to capture the dynamic dependence of the multiple time series. Also, a traditional autoregressive linear model in parallel to the non‐linear neural network part was integrated to mitigate the scale insensitivity of the networks. A total of 304 motion traces for 31 patients are acquired from a public dataset in the experiments and four representative cases were selected for model evaluation. The respiratory signals were sampled at intervals of about 37.5 ms (26 frames per second) for an average duration of 71 min.ResultsThe proposed LGEANet achieved better performance with higher empirical correlation coefficient value (CORRs) and lower mean absolute error value (MAEs) and relative squared error value (RSEs) than other investigated models. For the four representative datasets, when the response time is less than 231 ms, the model can achieve CORRs more than 0.96. And the averaged position error reduction by using the proposed model was about 67% in the superior–inferior (SI) direction, 41% in the anterior–posterior (AP) direction and 38% in the right–left (RL) direction compared to that without prediction. The proposed network achieved the greatest error reduction in the SI direction, which is the main direction of tumor motion.ConclusionsThe LGEANet achieves promising performance in minimizing the prediction error due to system latencies during real‐time tumor motion tracking.
Decentralized governance and collective action dilemma: Sub‐national governments' responses to COVID‐19 in China
Authors: Xin Ge , Chen Jia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWhile the Chinese government's responses to COVID‐19 since its outbreak have been widely discussed, scant attention has been paid to the cross‐regional variation in China in handling the pandemic in the early stage. This article adopts and synthesizes the theory of regionally decentralized governance and the institutional collective action dilemma framework to offer a novel analytical characterization of the pattern of sub‐national governments' counter‐COVID‐19 initiatives in different policy areas and highlights the peer effect and regional competition dynamics. We provide three brief case studies to illustrate various institutional collective action dilemmas under this framework that emerged in pandemic responses and must be addressed through re‐centralization. Despite its focus on China's regional responses to COVID‐19, this paper prompts the construction of a broad analytical framework for precipitating a better understanding of the complex structure of China's political and governance system in a time of crisis.
From two‐dimensional materials to polymer nanocomposites with emerging multifunctional applications: A critical review
Authors: Pinto Gabriel M. , Cremonezzi Josué M. O. , Ribeiro Hélio , Andrade Ricardo J. E. , Demarquette Nicole R. , Fechine Guilhermino J. M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract2D materials are a very up‐and‐coming class of additives in the field of polymer composites due to their versatility and exceptional intrinsic properties. This enables researchers to create a variety of nanocomposites that can be employed in a myriad of emerging multifunctional applications. The performance of such nanocomposites depends heavily on the quality of the 2D materials, their interactions with the polymer matrix, as well as on their dispersion and morphology when embedded in the polymer. In order to control these variables, one needs to choose wisely between the available synthesis techniques and mixing strategies, playing with the process‐structure–property relationships, while keeping in mind the compatibility with current industrial infrastructure. Therefore, this paper presents a brief review on the 2D materials most used in polymer nanocomposites, the main synthesis techniques and mixing routes developed, the state of the art on the most sought‐after properties in different systems, and what are the effects of the morphology evolution. In each section, the main challenges are highlighted, and possible strategies to overcome them are presented, for example, the advent of hybrid 2D nanostructures, which promote synergistic effects, enabling the combination of properties that were not previously achievable on the final material. Finally, the paper ends by presenting a perspective of the current state in the development of these emerging multifunctional nanocomposites and what are the most important steps that need to be taken, not only academically, but also industrially, in order for these materials to start being widely applied and become staples in the daily life of humanity.
Modified ethylene/α‐octene co‐polymer elastomer composites with sacrificial bonds crosslinking networks and their reinforced mechanical performance
Authors: Liu Huameng , Lin Ruijun , Huang Zhiyi , Yin Xingshan , Lin Xiaofeng , Lin Wenjing , Li Yong , Gu Yuxin , Yi Guobin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe low tensile strength of ethylene/α‐octene co‐polymer (POE) limits its application as high‐strength materials. In this study, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (ATA) was grafted onto maleic anhydride functionalized POE (PM) by melt reaction to obtain side chains capable of forming hydrogen bonding and metal coordination bonding, and then ferric chloride hexahydrate and POE are blended with them to obtain composite materials with high strength and fracture energy. The introduction of iron‐based coordination bonding and hydrogen bonding double dynamic crosslinking network endow thermoplastic elastomers with excellent mechanical strength and high toughness. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, rheological tests, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveal the existence of non‐covalent crosslinking networks. Based on the strengthening and toughening of non‐covalent dynamic crosslinking network, the tensile strength of the modified POE elastomer composites achieves 12.5 MPa along with the elongation at break of 3540%. In addition, the modified POE elastomer composites exhibit improved melt elasticity and thermal stability.
SPHERA, a new convection‐permitting regional reanalysis over Italy: Improving the description of heavy rainfall
Authors: Giordani Antonio , Cerenzia Ines Maria Luisa , Paccagnella Tiziana , Di Sabatino Silvana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRegional reanalyses allow us to better describe weather patterns related to rapidly evolving high‐impact events thanks to substantially finer detailing than global datasets. However, most regional datasets still do not permit the explicit representation of deep convection. SPHERA (High rEsolution ReAnalysis over Italy) is a new high‐resolution convection‐permitting reanalysis centred over Italy. It covers 26 years (1995–2020), is based on the non‐hydrostatic limited‐area model COSMO, and is produced by dynamically downscaling the global reanalysis ERA5. A nudging data assimilation scheme steers the model toward observations. The fine horizontal grid spacing of 2.2 km allows us to switch off deep‐convection parametrization. This study reports the added value of SPHERA over ERA5 in representing rainfall over Italy, particularly for severe precipitation, using rain‐gauge observations during 2003–2017 as reference. Concerning the 95th percentile of spatial rainfall distributions, ERA5 presents dry estimates with biases reaching −12 mm·day−1 over mountainous regions. At the same time, the enhanced locally driven effects of SPHERA produce seasonal biases ranging from wet in JJA (up to +12 mm·day−1) to dry in DJF (down to −9 mm·day−1). For daily maximum rates, the regional reanalysis shows better skill in detecting occurred events (with hit rates higher than ERA5 by roughly 0.4 points in the range of 15–80 mm·day−1) and frequency biases closer to 0 at all intensities when coming to daily averages. Similarly, for hourly maximum accumulations, improved adherence to observations is detected for SPHERA at all intensities, conversely to the underprediction of the global driver (with frequency biases <1 starting from 1.5 mm·hr−1). Additionally, the analyses of two specific events reveal the enhancements of SPHERA in simulating extreme precipitation, with a maximum intensity underestimation on the order of 24% versus the 73% detected for ERA5. Further improvements include the spatial detailing, timing, and temporal evolution of the events.
Motion control of connected and automated vehicles in a lane‐changing scenario with guaranteed tracking performance
Authors: Song Kai , Pan Xiangcheng , Hu Zhanyi , Jia Yifan , Huang Jin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe coupled, nonlinear vehicle dynamics and multi‐vehicle cooperative strategies make the lane‐changing maneuver control of vehicle platoons a challenging task. This paper presents the dynamic modeling and motion control of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) for lane‐changing maneuver, utilizing the ideology of constraint‐following servo control. To guarantee a transient and steady tracking performance, a series of equality constraints and bilateral inequality constraints bounded by decaying functions or scalar constants are imposed on the dynamic state to formulate a constrained dynamical system. Since the original Udwadia‐Kalaba (UK) approach cannot handle inequality constraints and underactuated systems, a creative diffeomorphism method is applied to transform the bounded state into an unbounded one. Then, based on the UK approach and Lyapunov stability theory, a novel constraint‐following controller is designed to render the transformed states asymptotically stable in a full actuated system, and to achieve uniform stability performance in an underactuated system. Finally, numerical simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.
Separate but unequal: Revisiting the discussion of trans‐inclusive bathrooms
Authors: James Shauntey , Coley J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTransgender students, often defined as “others,” experience legal difficulties navigating within public spaces, specifically in terms of bathroom usage. The ultimate question is whether institutions of higher education (IHEs) are denying equal access to transgender students by creating unisex bathrooms alongside the binary system. The problems with these unisex locations harken back to what the court found in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) that separate but equal does not ensure equality. This policy analysis explores (1) the campus climate for transgender students, (2) the evolution of the bathroom laws, (3) the suitability of unisex bathrooms alongside binary‐gendered bathrooms, and (4) transforming all bathrooms into undesignated locations.
Thermally and Magnetically Programmable Hydrogel Microactuators
Authors: Saadli Meriem , Braunmiller Dominik L. , Mourran Ahmed , Crassous Jérôme J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe rapid development in micro‐machinery enabled the investigation of smart materials that can embody fast response, programmable actuation, and flexibility to perform mechanical work. Soft magnetic actuators represent an interesting platform toward combining those properties. This study focuses on the synthesis of micro‐actuators that respond to thermal and magnetic stimuli using micro‐molding with a soft template as a fabrication technique. These microsystems consist of a hydrogel matrix loaded with anisotropic magnetic nanospindles. When a homogeneous magnetic field is applied, the nanospindles initially dispersed in monomer solution, align and assemble into dipolar chains. The ensuing UV‐polymerization creates a network and conveniently arrests these nanostructures. Consequently, the magnetic dipole moment is coplanar with the microgel. Varying the shape, volume, and composition of the micro‐actuators during synthesis provides a temperature‐dependent control over the magnetic response and the polarizability. Beyond isotropic swelling, shaping the hydrogel as long thin ribbons with a passive layer on one side allows for differential swelling leading to bending and twisting deformations, for example, 2D‐ or 3D‐spiral. These deformations involve a reversible amplification of the magnetic response and orientation of the hydrogels under magnetic field. Temperature control herewith determines the conformation and simultaneously the magnetic response of the micro‐actuators.
Precision Nanocluster‐Based Toroidal and Supertoroidal Frameworks Using Photocycloaddition‐Assisted Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Lakshmi Kavalloor Murali , Rival Jose V. , Sreeraj Pakath , Nambiar Sindhu R. , Jeyabharathi Chinnaiah , Nonappa  , Shibu Edakkattuparambil Sidharth 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAtomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) have recently emerged as ideal building blocks for constructing self‐assembled multifunctional superstructures. The existing structures are based on various non‐covalent interactions of the ligands on the NC surface, resulting in inter‐NC interactions. Despite recent demonstrations on light‐induced reversible self‐assembly, long‐range reversible self‐assembly based on dynamic covalent chemistry on the NC surface has yet to be investigated. Here, it is shown that Au25 NCs containing thiolated umbelliferone (7‐hydroxycoumarin) ligands allow [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction‐induced self‐assembly into colloidal‐level toroids. The toroids upon further irradiation undergo inter‐toroidal reaction resulting in macroscopic supertoroidal honey‐comb frameworks. Systematic investigation using electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electron tomography (ET) suggest that the NCs initially form spherical aggregates. The spherical structures further undergo fusion resulting in toroid formation. Finally, the toroids fuse into macroscopic honeycomb frameworks. As a proof‐of‐concept, a cross‐photocycloaddition reaction between coumarin‐tethered NCs and an anticancer drug (5‐fluorouracil) is demonstrated as a model photo‐controlled drug release system. The model system allows systematic loading and unloading of the drug during the assembly and disassembly under two different wavelengths. The results suggest that the dynamic covalent chemistry on the NC surface offers a facile route for hierarchical multifunctional frameworks and photocontrolled drug release.
Solvent Mediated Nanoscale Quasi‐Periodic Chirality Reversal in Self‐Assembled Molecular Networks Featuring Mirror Twin Boundaries
Authors: Yamagata Kyohei , Maeda Matsuhiro , Tessari Zeno , Mali Kunal S. , Tobe Yoshito , De Feyter Steven , Tahara Kazukuni 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrain boundaries in polycrystals have a prominent impact on the properties of a material, therefore stimulating the research on grain boundary engineering. Structure determination of grain boundaries of molecule‐based polycrystals with submolecular resolution remains elusive. Reducing the complexity to monolayers has the potential to simplify grain boundary engineering and may offer real‐space imaging with submolecular resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Herein, the authors report the observation of quasi‐periodic nanoscale chirality switching in self‐assembled molecular networks, in combination with twinning, as revealed by STM at the liquid/solid interface. The width of the chiral domain structure peaks at 12–19 nm. Adjacent domains having opposite chirality are connected continuously through interdigitated alkoxy chains forming a 1D defect‐free domain border, reflecting a mirror twin boundary. Solvent co‐adsorption and the inherent conformational adaptability of the alkoxy chains turn out to be crucial factors in shaping grain boundaries. Moreover, the epitaxial interaction with the substrate plays a role in the nanoscale chirality reversal as well.
Biomimetic Molybdenum Sulfide‐Catalyzed Tumor Ferroptosis and Bioimaging
Authors: Xu Yan , Yang Weitao , Han Yi , Bian Kexin , Zeng Weiwei , Hao Liangwen , Wang Hui , Cheng Yingsheng , Wang Peijun , Zhang Bingbo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe chemical generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) by the MoO42−‐catalyzed disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been widely applied in numerous catalytic processes; however, such molybdate ions cannot be administered for redox‐based cancer therapeutics. This work reports the albumin‐mediated biomimetic synthesis of highly active molybdenum sulfide (denoted MoB) nanocatalysts that mediate the simultaneous generation of1O2and superoxide anion (O2•−) from H2O2, which is relatively abundant in malignant tumors. The MoB‐catalyzed reactive oxygen species (ROS) are able to activate the ferroptosis pathway and cause lipid peroxidation for efficient cancer therapy. Furthermore, for the first time, the catalytic activity of MoB is visualized in situ. Moreover, a catalytic imaging modality based on MoB is developed for specific imaging of inflammation diseases without background interference. Therefore, this study presents a biomimetic strategy toward Mo‐based nanocatalysts for ROS‐facilitated tumor ferroptosis and catalytic imaging.
Self‐Supported Pd Nanorod Arrays for High‐Efficient Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia
Authors: Guo Heng , Li Mengyue , Yang Yuantao , Luo Rui , Liu Wei , Zhang Fengying , Tang Chun , Yang Guidong , Zhou Ying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElectrochemical nitrate (NO3−) reduction to ammonia (NH3) offers a promising pathway to recover NO3− pollutants from industrial wastewater that can balance the nitrogen cycle and sustainable green NH3 production. However, the efficiency of electrocatalytic NO3− reduction to NH3 synthesis remains low for most of electrocatalysts due to complex reaction processes and severe hydrogen precipitation reaction. Herein, high performance of nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) is demonstrated on self‐supported Pd nanorod arrays in porous nickel framework foam (Pd/NF). It provides a lot of active sites for H* adsorption and NO3− activation leading to a remarkable NH3 yield rate of 1.52 mmol cm−2 h−1 and a Faradaic efficiency of 78% at −1.4 V versus RHE. Notably, it maintains a high NH3 yield rate over 50 cycles in 25 h showing good stability. Remarkably, large‐area Pd/NF electrode (25 cm2) shows a NH3 yield of 174.25 mg h−1, be promising candidate for large‐area device for industrial application. In situ FTIR spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations analysis confirm that the enrichment effect of Pd nanorods encourages the adsorption of H species for ammonia synthesis following a hydrogenation mechanism. This work brings a useful strategy for designing NO3−RR catalysts of nanorod arrays with customizable compositions.
Towards a catalog of composite refactorings
Authors: Brito Aline , Hora Andre , Tulio Valente Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCatalogs of refactoring have key importance in software maintenance and evolution, since developers rely on such documents to understand and perform refactoring operations. Furthermore, these catalogs constitute a reference guide for communication between practitioners since they standardize a common refactoring vocabulary. Fowler's book describes the most popular catalog of refactorings, which documents single and well‐known refactoring operations. However, sometimes, refactorings are composite transformations, that is, a sequence of refactorings is performed over a given program element. For example, a sequence of Extract Method operations (a single refactoring) can be performed over the same method, in one or in multiple commits, to simplify its implementation, therefore, leading to a Method Decomposition operation (a composite refactoring). In this paper, we propose and document a catalog with eight composite refactorings. We also implement a set of scripts to mine composite refactorings by preprocessing the results of refactoring detection tools. Using such scripts, we search for composites in a representative refactoring oracle with hundreds of confirmed single refactoring operations. Next, to complement this first study, we also search for composites in the full history of 10 well‐known open‐source projects. We characterize the detected composite refactorings, under dimensions such as size and location. We conclude by addressing the applications and implications of the proposed catalog.
Exceptional Hydrogen Diffusion Rate over Ru Nanoparticle‐Doped Polar MgO(111) Surface
Authors: Yoskamtorn Tatchamapan , Mo Jiaying , Chen Lu , Wu Simson , Mukhopadhyay Sanghamitra , Hawkins Alex , Wu Xin‐Ping , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHydrogen (H) conductivity on oxide‐based materials is crucially important in fuel cells and related catalysis. Here, this work measures the diffusion rate of H generated from Ru nanoparticles loaded on polar MgO(111) facet particles under H2 at elevated temperatures without moisture and compares it to conventional nonpolar MgO(110) for the first time by in situ quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The QENS reveals an exceptional diffusion rate on the polar facet via a proton (H+) hopping mechanism, which is an order of magnitude superior to that of typical H+‐conducting oxides. This work attributes this to the unique atomic arrangement of alternate layers of Mg cations and O anions of the polar MgO(111) where the strong electrostatic field of terminal oxygen anions facilitates protonic migration with a lower degree of local covalency.