bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematical Approach to the Drilling Mechanisms for n-Sided Polygonal Holes
Authors: Sorge Francesco 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The present analysis addresses the generation of regular polygonal paths with any number of sides, odd or even, by use of special rotors revolving with uniquely prescribed motions inside fixed polygonal holes of guidance, which may be coincident or similar to the paths to be traced. The whole rotation motion of the rotor is considered composed of a sequence of Cardan motions so that the active profile of contact is formed by a polycentric sequence of circular arcs. It is shown and proved that the guidance polygon and the target polygon may coincide in the hypothesis of an odd number n of sides, whereas the guidance profile must be larger than the one to be generated for n even, in which case two equal concentric polygons rotated of π/n between each other may be simultaneously generated by two particular points of the rotors. These devices are very useful to drill blind polygonal holes, providing the rotors of proper cutting tools and driving them by constant-speed motors through homokinetic joints.
Computational Assessment of a Novel Solar Calciner
Authors: Syrigou Maria 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A comprehensive computational study for the assessment of a horizontal solar calciner is presented. The heat and mass transfer models that have been developed give valuable insight and enlighten the fundamental principles that rule the solar-aided CaCO3 decomposition. The obtained computational data are appropriately interpreted and serve as guidelines in order to establish the operational framework of the solar reactor. Additionally, this set of predictive models identifies the optimum values of the key parameters that boost the performance of the process. The models have been validated comparing the computational results with the experimental data and the calciner performance is evaluated, reaching 35.2% efficiency.
Watch and Wait for rectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Azevedo José Gonçalves Moreira de , Fernandez Laura , Herrando Alberto Ignacio , Santiago Inês , Pares Oriol , Parvaiz Amjad 
Published: July 2023

Colorectal cancer is currently the third most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and the second cause of cancer death in the western world. Inflammatory bowel disease patients are 2–6 times more likely to develop CRC than the general population. Patients with CRC arising through Inflammatory Bowel Disease have an indication for surgery. However, in patients without Inflammatory Bowel Disease, the use of organ (rectum) preservation strategies after neoadjuvant treatment is on the rise, which means that patients are able to keep the organ without the need for complete excision, either by treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or in combination with endoscopic or surgical techniques that allow local excision without the need for resection of the entire organ. The patient management approach known as the Watch and Wait programme was first introduced in 2004 by a team from São Paulo, Brazil. This approach suggested that patients who had an excellent or complete clinical response after neoadjuvant treatment could defer surgery and instead undergo Watch and Wait. This organ preservation technique became popular because it allowed patients to avoid the complications associated with major surgery while achieving similar oncological outcomes to those who underwent both neoadjuvant therapy and radical surgery. Following completion of neoadjuvant treatment, a decision to defer surgery is made based on whether a clinical Complete Response can be achieved, which means there is no evidence of tumour in clinical and radiological examination. The International Watch and Wait Database has published long-term oncological outcomes for patients treated with this strategy, and more patients are showing interest in this treatment option. However, it is important to note that up to 1/3 of patients selected for Watch and Wait may eventually require surgery for local regrowth (also known as ‘deferred definitive surgery’) at any time during follow-up after an initial ‘apparent’ clinical Complete Response. Compliance with a strict surveillance protocol ensures early detection of regrowth, which is usually amenable to R0 surgery and provides excellent long-term local disease control. Nonetheless, it is crucial to assess the perioperative consequences of having surgery for regrowth later and whether there are any negative effects from deferring surgery. Currently, the Watch and Wait strategy is recommended in the NCCN guidelines for clinical complete responders and only in specialised multidisciplinary centres.There is no case in the literature that portrays the use of the Watch and Wait programme for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and rectal cancer.The authors intend to present a case that demonstrates the difficulties in the assessment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, the risks of using radiotherapy in this patients and the challenges of surveillance for patients with colorectal cancer and inflammatory bowel disease.
Quadrifocal diffractive lenses based on the aperiodic silver mean sequence
Authors: Garmendía-Martínez Adrián , Furlan Walter D. , Castro-Palacio Juan C. , Monsoriu Juan A. , Ferrando Vicente 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn this work, we present a new quadrifocal diffractive lens designed using the silver mean sequence. The focusing properties of these aperiodic diffractive lenses coined silver mean zone plates are analytically examined. It is demonstrated that, under monochromatic illumination, these lenses present four foci located at certain reduced axial positions given by the Pell numbers that can be correlated with the silver mean sequence. This distinctive optical characteristic is experimentally confirmed.Graphical abstract
Dyrk1a Phosphorylation of α-Synuclein Mediating Apoptosis of Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Yong Yuxuan , Wu Qinfen , Meng Xinling , Lu Ranran , Xia Huan , Pei Feifei , Yang Xinling 
Published: July 2023

Objective. To investigate the role of aberrant Dyrk1a expression in phosphorylation modification at the α-synuclein serine 129 (Ser129) site to analyze its molecular mechanism in mediating apoptosis of PD. Methods. The protein level of P-α-synuclein (Ser129), α-synuclein, Bcl-2, Bax, active caspase 3, GSK3β, PI3K, AKT, and cyclinD1 were detected. The mRNA transcript levels of Dyrk1a and DAT and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α were detected. Results. P-α-synuclein (Ser129), α-synuclein, Bax, active caspase 3, GSK3β, and cyclinD1 expressions were decreased in Dyrk1a-AAV-ShRNA (

P

< 0.05), and Bcl-2, AKT, and PI3K expressions were increased (

P

< 0.05). Increased TH protein expression was shown in Dyrk1a-AAV-ShRNA (

P

< 0.05). Dyrk1a mRNA was decreased in the Dyrk1a-AAV-ShRNA group (

P

< 0.05), and DAT mRNA was increased (

P

< 0.05). IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and TNF-α protein levels were decreased in Dyrk1al-AAV-Sh-RNA (

P

< 0.05). Transcriptome sequencing showed that Fam220a, which was expected to activate STAT family protein binding activity and participate in the negative regulation of transcription through RNA polymerase II and protein dephosphorylation showed differentially upregulated expression. The untargeted metabolome showed that the major compounds in the Dyrk1a-AAV-ShRNA group were hormones and transmission mediators and the most metabolism-related pathways. Fam220a showed differentially upregulated expression, and differentially expressed genes were enriched for the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and melanogenesis-related pathways. Conclusion. Abnormal Dyrk1a expression can affect α-synuclein phosphorylation modifications, and dyrk1a knockdown activates the PI3K/AKT pathway and reduces dopaminergic neuron apoptosis. It provides a theoretical basis for the group to further investigate the molecular mechanism.
Assessment of the Cardiac Noncoding Transcriptome by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies
FIXER
, a Conserved Profibrogenic Long Noncoding RNA
Authors: Aghagolzadeh Parisa , Plaisance Isabelle , Bernasconi Riccardo , Treibel Thomas A. , Pulido Quetglas Carlos , Wyss Tania , Wigger Leonore , Nemir Mohamed , Sarre Alexandre , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Johnson Rory , González Arantxa , Pedrazzini Thierry 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Cardiac fibroblasts have crucial roles in the heart. In particular, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts in the damaged myocardium, contributing to scar formation and interstitial fibrosis. Fibrosis is associated with heart dysfunction and failure. Myofibroblasts therefore represent attractive therapeutic targets. However, the lack of myofibroblast-specific markers has precluded the development of targeted therapies. In this context, most of the noncoding genome is transcribed into long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). A number of lncRNAs have pivotal functions in the cardiovascular system. lncRNAs are globally more cell-specific than protein-coding genes, supporting their importance as key determinants of cell identity.

METHODS:
In this study, we evaluated the value of the lncRNA transcriptome in very deep single-cell RNA sequencing. We profiled the lncRNA transcriptome in cardiac nonmyocyte cells after infarction and probed heterogeneity in the fibroblast and myofibroblast populations. In addition, we searched for subpopulation-specific markers that can constitute novel targets in therapy for heart disease.

RESULTS:

We demonstrated that cardiac cell identity can be defined by the sole expression of lncRNAs in single-cell experiments. In this analysis, we identified lncRNAs enriched in relevant myofibroblast subpopulations. Selecting 1 candidate we named
FIXER
(fibrogenic
LOX
-locus enhancer RNA), we showed that its silencing limits fibrosis and improves heart function after infarction. Mechanitically,
FIXER
interacts with CBX4, an E3 SUMO protein ligase and transcription factor, guiding CBX4 to the promoter of the transcription factor RUNX1 to control its expression and, consequently, the expression of a fibrogenic gene program..
FIXER
is conserved in humans, supporting its translational value.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrated that lncRNA expression is sufficient to identify the various cell types composing the mammalian heart. Focusing on cardiac fibroblasts and their derivatives, we identified lncRNAs uniquely expressed in myofibroblasts. In particular, the lncRNA
FIXER
represents a novel therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis.
Cross-Validation Strategy Impacts the Performance and Interpretation of Machine Learning Models
Authors: Sweet Lily-belle , Müller Christoph , Anand Mohit , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Machine learning algorithms are able to capture complex, nonlinear, interacting relationships and are increasingly used to predict agricultural yield variability at regional and national scales. Using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods applied to such algorithms may enable better scientific understanding of drivers of yield variability. However, XAI methods may provide misleading results when applied to spatiotemporal correlated datasets. In this study, machine learning models are trained to predict simulated crop yield from climate indices, and the impact of cross-validation strategy on the interpretation and performance of the resulting models is assessed. Using data from a process-based crop model allows us to then comment on the plausibility of the “explanations” provided by XAI methods. Our results show that the choice of evaluation strategy has an impact on (i) interpretations of the model and (ii) model skill on held-out years and regions, after the evaluation strategy is used for hyperparameter tuning and feature selection. We find that use of a cross-validation strategy based on clustering in feature space achieves the most plausible interpretations as well as the best model performance on held-out years and regions. Our results provide the first steps toward identifying domain-specific “best practices” for the use of XAI tools on spatiotemporal agricultural or climatic data.

Significance Statement
“Explainable” or “interpretable” machine learning (XAI) methods have been increasingly used in scientific research to study complex relationships between climatic and biogeoscientific variables (such as crop yield). However, these methods can return contradictory, implausible, or ambiguous results. In this study, we train machine learning models to predict maize yield anomalies and vary the model evaluation method used. We find that the evaluation (cross validation) method used has an effect on model interpretation results and on the skill of resulting models in held-out years and regions. These results have implications for the methodological design of studies that aim to use XAI tools to identify drivers of, for example, crop yield variability.
Mortality, health-related quality of life, and depression symptoms in younger and older men and women undergoing hemodialysis
Authors: da Silva Fernanda Albuquerque , Silva Martins Marcia Tereza , Gutiérrez-Peredo Gabriel Brayan , Kraychete Angiolina Campos , Penalva Carolina Cartaxo , Lopes Marcelo Barreto , Matos Cacia Mendes , Lopes Antonio Alberto 
Published: July 2023

Background and objective: Some studies on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients report a longer survival, albeit with poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and more depression symptoms in women than in men. Whether these gender differences vary with age is uncertain. We tested the associations of gender with mortality, depression symptoms, and HRQoL in MHD patients of different age groups. Methods: We used data from 1504 adult MHD patients enrolled in the PROHEMO, a prospective cohort in Salvador, Brazil. The KDQOL-SF was used for the component summaries of the mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) HRQoL scales. Depression symptoms were assessed by the complete version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Screening Index (CES-D). To test for gender differences, extensively adjusted linear models were used for depression and HRQoL scores, and Cox models for death hazard ratio (HR). Results: Women reported worse HRQoL than men, particularly for ages ⩾60 years. In the age group ⩾60 years, the adjusted difference (AD) in score was −3.45; 95% CI: −6.81, −0.70 for MCS −3.16; −5.72, −0.60 for PCS. Older (⩾60 years) women also had more depression symptoms (AD 4.98; 2.33, 7.64). Mortality was slightly lower in women than in men with an adjusted HR of 0.89 (0.71, 1.11) and consistent across age categories. Conclusions: In a sample of Brazilian MHD patients, women had a slightly lower mortality, albeit with more depression symptoms and poorer HRQoL than men, particularly among older patients. This study highlights the need to investigate gender inequalities for MHD patients across different cultures and populations.
Kintsugi: Comprehensive repair of Australia’s fractured psychiatric care system
Authors: Looi Jeffrey CL , Bastiampillai Tarun , Allison Stephen , Kisely Steve 
Published: July 2023

Objective We provide an update of the current challenges facing public and private psychiatric care sector in Australia, contextualised by international and national information on factors affecting health system performance. Conclusions There are practical and sustainable repairs that may bridge the gaps between primary care, private psychiatrists, and the public psychiatric system. These are based upon foundations of better linkages, adequate infrastructure, improved social support, and reforming public and private sector workplaces to retain healthcare workers despite pandemic-related attrition. Professional organisations need to redouble their efforts as advocates to governments, in the media matrix, and the general public.
Evaluation of serum iron status indicators in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Seyyar Sevim Ayça , Tokuc Ecem Onder , Güngör Kıvanç 
Published: July 2023

Purpose To investigate the relationship between serum iron status indicators (ferritin) levels and POAG. Methods The files of all glaucoma patients who applied to the ophthalmology clinic between January 2018 and January 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. Laboratory data from fasting blood tests, internal medicine outpatient clinic reports, and extensive ophthalmologic examination data, including fundus photographs showing the optic disc, were collected from the files. A control group was formed from individuals with adequate general and eye health, age- and gender-matched individuals who had undergone examination in the ophthalmology clinic within the same date range. Serum iron status indicators and some laboratory data of POAG patients and healthy controls were compared. Result Of our participants, consisting of 65 patients with POAG and 72 healthy controls, 84 (61.32%) were female and 53 (38.68%) were male. It was observed that serum ferritin level was significantly higher in POAG patients compared to healthy controls, and the total iron binding capacity was significantly lower (respectively (p = 0.022), (p = 0.002). In logistic regression analysis, it was found that the risk of POAG increased in cases with high serum ferritin levels (OR = 0.982; p = 0.012). In addition, the risk of POAG was found to increase in cases where MCV was lower (OR = 1.121; p = 0.039). Conclusion This study shows that higher serum ferritin levels are associated with a higher risk of POAG.
Durometry for the Assessment of Severity of Post-thrombotic Syndrome and Possible Clinical Applications
Authors: Salcedo Mercado Ana M. , Rodríguez Cabrero Rubén A. , Lozano Corona Rodrigo , Anaya-Ayala Javier E. 
Published: July 2023

Background Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) impacts the patient’s quality of life. Available scales to determine its severity remain controversial, therefore, it is of importance to identify new auxiliary methods for the assessment of this sequelae. Measurement of skin hardness (MSH) might be decisive in tracking PTS. The purpose of this study is to assess if the use of durometry is an objective measure to evaluate prognosis of affected limbs in patients with PTS. We compared MSH of extremities with PTS vs healthy limbs, as well as their variation after 3 months of medical treatment to evaluate if durometry can be used to find differences. We strongly believe that measuring and keeping track of skin changes specifically skin hardness can be a useful factor in the prognosis and treatment of PTS. Methods Prospective cohort study from January 2021 to February 2022 in patients with unilateral PTS. The MSH of the affected limb was compared to the healthy limb. A calibrated durometer was used, 4 measurements were completed at the time of diagnosis and subsequent follow-up were carried out after 3 months of treatment. The percentage of healing (in case of ulcers) and adherence to treatment was carefully monitored. The statistical program R was used. Results A total of 1088 durometric measurements were performed on 17 patients, and 34 limbs. The MSH in limbs with PTS was 39.09 and in the control limbs (19.8) ( P = <.00001). After 3 months of treatment, the MSH in PTS varied in PTS limbs (39.09 to 30.4) ( P = <.000012). Adherence to treatment was 70.5%. Conclusions MSH varied between healthy limbs and the ones with PTS, before and after treatment. Durometry might represent a method for assessing skin changes in patients with PTS.
Rate of Infection and Causative Organisms in a Lateral Approach Total Ankle Replacement
Authors: Alhaddab Yasser A. , Mittal Rajat , Symes Michael J. , Wines Andrew P. 
Published: July 2023

Background Although the rate of both superficial and deep infection in total ankle replacement (TAR) can reach up to 13% as reported in the literature, there is little information on the causative organisms, especially in laterally implanted prosthesis. This study aims to identify organisms causing infections to ultimately guide to better antibiotic prophylaxis. Methods Between September 2016 and April 2021, we retrospectively reviewed patients who had an infection after a lateral TAR. Cause of the infection, causative organisms, and implant survival were recorded. Results Out of 130 patients, 10 of 130 patients (7.6%) had a superficial infection whereas 3 of 130 patients (2.3%) had a deep infection. Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species were found to be the most common. No significant difference was found between the type of plate used for fibula fixation regarding wound dehiscence. Conclusions Infection after lateral TAR is generally polymicrobial in nature with Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species being the most common. Level of Evidence: Level IV Case Series
Crocin Inhibits the Type 2 Inflammatory Response Produced by ILC2s in Eosinophilic Nasal Polyps
Authors: Xiaodong Xu , Tao Li , Jianmin Liu , Jing Zhou , Bing Zhong , Jintao Du , Bachert Claus , Luo Ba 
Published: July 2023

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is subdivided into type 1 and type 2 inflammatory responses according to the mucosal inflammatory patterns. Crocin can reduce the level of T-helper type 2 cell (Th2) cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), and inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in type 2 inflammation in eosinophilic nasal polyps and the inhibitory effect of crocin on this inflammation. Methods Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of transcription factors and the infiltration of ILC2s in tissues. An ILC2 stimulation model in vitro was constructed based on IL-33 stimulation and treated with crocin. The explant models were constructed and treated with crocin to detect the expression of type 2 inflammation-related factors. Results Significantly more GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA3)-positive cells and chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T-helper type 2 cell (CRTH2)-positive cells, but fewer T-box expressed in T cell (T-bet)-positive cells, were found in eosinophilic nasal polyps (NPwEos). The expression levels of GATA3 and CRTH2 were significantly higher in NPwEos. Recombinant IL-33 stimulation increased the expression of GATA3, CRTH2, and type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in ILC2s. In an IL-33-stimulated in vitro ILC2 culture model, crocin inhibited the type 2 inflammatory response, especially at lower concentrations (10 µM). The explant organoids of NPwEos were constructed in vitro, and Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) was used to construct the type 2 inflammation model. Crocin at 10 µM concentration inhibited type 2 inflammation induced by SEB-stimulated explants. Conclusion Crocin inhibited type 2 inflammation induced by ILC2 activation at low concentrations via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB.