bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection in patients with head and neck cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Mingyi , Hou Lili , Xiang Fuping , Zhao Xiaomei , Qian Meizhen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe systematically review the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients with head and neck cancer. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to obtain studies on the risk factors for SSI in patients with HNC. The retrieval time was from the establishment of the database to February 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. Meta‐analysis was performed by using Stata 15.1 software. A total of 32 articles including 128 919 patients with head and neck cancer and 2949 cases of SSI were included in this meta‐analysis. The incidence rate of SSI in head and neck cancer ranges from 19% to 29%, and the overall infection rate was 24%. Meta‐analysis indicated that BMI < 20 kg/m2 (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.74–4.00; I2, 0%), diabetes (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 2.12–4.16; I2, 60.6%), ASA score (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29–1.77; I2, 0%), radiotherapy (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.87–2.77; I2, 44.8%), chemotherapy (OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.64–3.40; I2, 0%), clindamycin antibiotic (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.82–2.93; I2, 36.5%), deficit repair (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.22–11.59; I2, 91.4%), neck dissection (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.63–2.79; I2, 16.4%), blood transfusion (OR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.52–3.45; I2, 66.2%), mandibular (OR, 3.17; 95% CI, 1.85–5.42; I2, 73%), tracheostomy (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.74–3.62; I2, 86.4%), operation time (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.16–1.74; I2, 86.4%), ALB (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.95–3.15; I2, 5.3%) were risk factors of surgical site infection in patients with head and neck cancer (p < 0.05). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed good agreement in all risk factors and the results had stability. The present meta‐analysis suggests that BMI < 20 kg/m2, diabetes, ASA score, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, clindamycin antibiotic, deficit repair, neck dissection, blood transfusion, mandibular, tracheostomy, operation time, and ALB were significant risk factors for SSI.
Ultrasonographic features of mass lesions in the oral submucosal epithelium using intraoral ultrasonography
Authors: Konishi Masaru , Ando Toshinori , Miyauchi Mutsumi , Kakimoto Naoya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMass lesions occurring under the oral mucosal epithelium are often small and difficult to diagnose; however, intraoral ultrasonography can delineate these lesions. We aimed to investigate the features of submucosal mass lesions in the oral cavity using intraoral ultrasonography.MethodsFifty patients with hemangioma, irritation fibroma, mucous cyst, lipoma, and pleomorphic adenoma were included. Age, site, largest diameter, thickness, marginal morphology type, border type, internal echo posterior echo, and internal or peripheral Doppler images of the lesions were recorded.ResultsThe hemangiomas were internally hypoechoic and exhibited a cord‐like structure; irritation fibromas, mainly internally isoechoic; mucous cysts, hypoechoic; and the lipomas appeared as homogeneous, isoechoic, or hyperechoic images with unclear borders. Pleomorphic adenomas were surrounded by a single hypoechoic zone, suggesting a thick capsular structure, were predominantly isoechoic internally, and appeared as cyst‐like hypoechoic images.ConclusionsThe features of the lesions were identified and delineated using intraoral ultrasonography.
Wnt signaling in synaptogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhang Cheng‐Ting , Wang Joy , Wang Wen‐Yuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD), recognized as the leading cause of dementia, occupies a prominent position on the list of significant neurodegenerative disorders, representing a significant global health concern with far‐reaching implications at both individual and societal levels. The primary symptom of Alzheimer's disease is a decrease in synaptic potency along with synaptic connection loss. Synapses, which act as important linkages between neuronal units within the cerebral region, are critical in signal transduction processes essential to orchestrating cognitive tasks. Synaptic connections act as critical interconnections between neuronal cells inside the cerebral environment, facilitating critical signal transduction processes required for cognitive functions. The confluence of axonal and dendritic filopodial extensions culminates in the creation of intercellular connections, coordinated by various signals and molecular mechanisms. The progression of synaptic maturation and plasticity is a critical determinant in maintaining mental well‐being, and abnormalities in these processes have been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Wnt signaling pathways are important to the orchestration of synapse development. This review examines the complicated interplay between Wnt signaling and dendritic filopodia, including an examination of the regulatory complexities and molecular machinations involved in synaptogenesis progression. Then, these findings are contextualized within the context of AD pathology, allowing for the consideration of prospective therapeutic approaches based on the findings and development of novel avenues for future scientific research.
Behavioral contrast: An exploratory survey of practitioner experiences
Authors: Boyle Megan A. , Uribe‐Zarain Ximena , Powell Ann M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBehavioral contrast is defined as a change in reinforcement conditions in one context that causes a change in behavior in the opposite direction in another, unchanged context. Although behavioral contrast has implications for applied behavior analysts, researchers have not examined ramifications or identified common methods of mitigating contrast in applied settings. Therefore, we surveyed Board Certified Behavior Analysts in an exploratory investigation to determine practitioner experiences with behavioral contrast. Participants' responses reflected a variety of themes: contrast resulted in conversations with stakeholders; supporting stakeholders and mitigating factors are important; contrast is due to inconsistencies across settings; and contrast affects stakeholder buy‐in, hurts rapport or relationships, and produces negative emotions. Our results suggest that contrast is not an innocuous occurrence in applied settings. We recommend a variety of areas for future research to further predict and control contrast and to identify the extent to which it affects clinical practice.
Lysinuric protein intolerance exhibiting renal tubular acidosis/Fanconi syndrome in a Japanese woman
Authors: Hanafusa Hiroaki , Nakamura Katsuya , Kamijo Yuji , Kitahara Masashi , Ehara Takashi , Yoshinaga Tsuneaki , Aoki Kaoru , Katoh Nagaaki , Yamaguchi Tomomi , Kosho Tomoki , Sekijima Yoshiki 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), caused by pathogenic variants of SLC7A7, is characterized by protein aversion, failure to thrive, hyperammonemia, and hepatomegaly. Recent studies have reported that LPI can cause multiple organ dysfunctions, including kidney disease, autoimmune deficiency, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and osteoporosis. We report the case of a 47‐year‐old Japanese woman who was initially diagnosed with renal tubular acidosis (RTA), Fanconi syndrome, and rickets. At the age of 3 years, she demonstrated a failure to thrive. Urinary amino acid analysis revealed elevated lysine and arginine levels, which were masked by pan‐amino aciduria. She was subsequently diagnosed with rickets at 5 years of age and RTA/Fanconi syndrome at 15 years of age. She was continuously treated with supplementation of vitamin D3, phosphate, and bicarbonate. A renal biopsy at 18 years of age demonstrated diffuse proximal and distal tubular damage with endocytosis‐lysosome pathway abnormalities. Distinctive symptoms of LPI, such as protein aversion and postprandial hyperammonemia were not observed throughout the patient's clinical course. The patient underwent a panel‐based comprehensive genetic testing and was diagnosed with LPI. As the complications of LPI involve many organs, patients lacking distinctive symptoms may develop various diseases, including RTA/Fanconi syndrome. Our case indicates that proximal and distal tubular damages are notable findings in patients with LPI. The possibility of LPI should be carefully considered in the management of RTA/Fanconi syndrome and/or incomprehensible pathological tubular damage, even in the absence of distinctive symptoms; furthermore, a comprehensive genetic analysis is useful for diagnosing LPI.
Detecting human cytomegalovirus in urine, vagina and saliva: Impact of biological fluids and storage durations and temperatures on CMV DNA recovery
Authors: Tan Ngee Keong , Carrington David , Pope Cassie F. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSample collection, transport and storage conditions vary in the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) shedding literature. Currently, limited data exist on the impact of biological fluids and pre‐analytical sample handling on the detection of CMV DNA. To evaluate CMV DNA recovery from urine, vaginal fluid and saliva stored in different conditions, adult urine, vaginal and saliva fluids and swabs, stored with or without selected nucleic acid preservation media at various durations and temperatures, was compared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) quantitation of spiked samples and self‐collected urine (n = 45) and vaginal swabs (n = 58) from CMV seropositive pregnant women. There was a time‐dependent reduction in CMV DNA recovery from urine, urine diluted in phosphate‐buffered saline, and saliva stored at 2−8°C, but not from urine preserved in cobas® PCR transport media (CPM) (urine/CPM). For vaginal fluid, a reduction in recovery was evident after 7 days storage at 2−8°C. CMV DNA recovery over 91 days was similar between −80°C and −20°C storage for urine and vaginal swabs preserved in CPM, and saliva swabs preserved in eNAT® PCR transport media. A statistically significant change in CMV DNA recovery after 25 months storage (median) at −80°C was not observed for self‐collected urine/CPM and vaginal swab/CPM from pregnant women. Taken together, recovery of CMV DNA is dependent on fluid type and storage conditions. To improve the validity and reliability of detection at different storage durations and temperatures, the use of nucleic acid preserving transport media at the point of collection for urine, vaginal fluid and saliva may be essential.
Altitudinal dependence of projected changes in occurrence of extreme events in the Great Alpine Region
Authors: Napoli Anna , Parodi Antonio , von Hardenberg Jost , Pasquero Claudia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change has a strong impact on the environment in mountain areas, where ecosystems have adapted to climatic conditions that change with elevation. In this study, the response of temperature and precipitation climatic indices in the complex orography setting of the Great Alpine Region is discussed. The high‐resolution gridded dataset that is presented has been produced with the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) convection permitting regional model. Two 30‐year periods have been considered (1979–2008, 2039–2068), obtained by downscaling global climate simulations with historical setting and RCP8.5 emission scenario. Both daily temperature and precipitation statistics have been found to be significantly different in the two periods, consisting in an overall projected warming and drying of the region. The dependence of the projected changes on elevation is highlighted, indicating a larger warming at medium and high elevations as well as a limited or nonexisting drying at high elevations. Physical mechanisms at the base of those differences are presented and discussed.
Electrical stimulation of cochlear implant promotes activation of macrophages and fibroblasts under inflammation
Authors: Zhang Dingling , Chen Dongxiu , Wang Kaiye , Pan Jing , Tang Jie , Zhang Hongzheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe implanted electrodes deliver electric signals to spiral ganglion neurons, conferring restored hearing of cochlear implantation (CI) recipients. Postimplantation intracochlear fibrosis, which is observed in most CI recipients, disturbs the electrical signals and impairs the long‐term outcome of CI. The macrophages and fibroblasts activation is critical for the development of intracochlear fibrosis. However, the effect of electric stimulation of cochlear implant (ESCI) on the activity of macrophages and fibroblasts was unclear. In the present study, a human cochlear implant was modified to stimulate cultured macrophages and fibroblasts.MethodsBy measuring cellular marker and the expression level of cytokine production, the polarization and activity of macrophages and fibroblasts were examined with or without ESCI.ResultsOur data showed that ESCI had little effects on the morphology, density, and distribution of culturing macrophages and fibroblasts. Furthermore, ESCI alone did not affect the polarization of macrophages or the function of fibroblasts without the treatment of inflammatory factors. However, in the presence of LPS or IL‐4, ESCI further promoted the polarization of macrophages, and increased the expression of pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory factors, respectively. For fibroblasts, ESCI further increased the collagen I synthesis induced by TGF‐β1 treatment. Nifedipine inhibited ESCI induced calcium influx, and hereby abolished the promoted polarization and activation of macrophages and fibroblasts.ConclusionOur results suggest that acute inflammation should be well inhibited before the activation of cochlear implants to control the postoperative intracochlear fibrosis. The voltage‐gated calcium channels could be considered as the targets for reducing postimplantation inflammation and fibrosis.Level of EvidenceNA.
Fighting against Drug‐Resistant Tumor by the Induction of Excessive Mitophagy with Transferrin Nanomedicine
Authors: Yu Yuanxiang , Chen Sijin , Wang Yupeng , Zhou Dongfang , Wu Dehua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe effectiveness of chemotherapy is primarily hindered by drug resistance, and autophagy plays a crucial role in overcoming this resistance. In this project, a human transferrin nanomedicine contains quercetin (a drug to induce excessive autophagy) and doxorubicin is developed (HTf@DOX/Qu NPs). The purpose of this nanomedicine is to enhance mitophagy and combating drug‐resistant cancer. Through in vitro studies, it is demonstrated that HTf@DOX/Qu NPs can effectively downregulate cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), leading to an excessive promotion of mitophagy and subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction via the PENT‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin axis. Additionally, HTf@DOX/Qu NPs can upregulate proapoptotic proteins to induce cellular apoptosis, thereby effectively reversing drug resistance. Furthermore, in vivo results have shown that HTf@DOX/Qu NPs exhibit prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, enhanced drug accumulation in tumors, and superior therapeutic efficacy compared to individual chemotherapy in a drug‐resistant tumor model. This study presents a promising strategy for combating multidrug‐resistant cancers by exacerbating mitophagy through the use of transferrin nanoparticles.
Multimorbidity associated with urinary incontinence among older women and men with complex needs in Aotearoa | New Zealand
Authors: Schluter Philip J. , Jamieson Hamish A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association between multimorbidity and urinary incontinence (UI) among community living older adults with complex needs in sex‐specific crude and adjusted analyses.MethodsSince 2012 in Aotearoa | New Zealand (NZ) all community‐living older people with complex needs who require publicly funded assistance undergo a comprehensive standardized geriatric needs assessment using the interRAI‐HC instrument. Consenting adults aged ≥65 years who undertook this assessment between July 5, 2012 and December 31, 2020 were investigated. Multimorbidity was defined as having ≥2 chronic conditions. Recent bladder incontinence episodes were elicited and UI dichotomized into continent and incontinent groups.ResultsThe study included 140 401 participants with an average age of 82.0 years (range: 65–107 years), of whom 85 746 (61.1%) were female. Overall, 36 185 (42.2%) females and 17 988 (32.9%) males reported UI. Participants had a median of 3 (range: 0–12) chronic conditions, with 109 135 (77.9%) classified as having multimorbidity. In adjusted modified Poisson regression analyses, the prevalence ratio for UI was 1.21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 1.24) times higher in females and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.14, 1.22) times higher for males with multimorbidity compared to those without multimorbidity.ConclusionsAlthough significant, the estimated sex‐specific effect sizes were modest for the association between multimorbidity and UI in this population. However, despite using the comprehensive interRAI‐HC instrument, several potentially core chronic conditions were not adequately captured. Although increasingly recognized as an important and growing public health issue, capturing all relevant chronic conditions challenges many epidemiological investigations into multimorbidity.
Circumventing volumetric locking in explicit material point methods: A simple, efficient, and general approach
Authors: Zhao Yidong , Jiang Chenfanfu , Choo Jinhyun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe material point method (MPM) is frequently used to simulate large deformations of nearly incompressible materials such as water, rubber, and undrained porous media. However, MPM solutions to nearly incompressible materials are susceptible to volumetric locking, that is, overly stiff behavior with erroneous strain and stress fields. While several approaches have been devised to mitigate volumetric locking in the MPM, they require significant modifications of the existing MPM machinery, often tailored to certain basis functions or material types. In this work, we propose a locking‐mitigation approach featuring an unprecedented combination of simplicity, efficacy, and generality for a family of explicit MPM formulations. The approach combines the assumed deformation gradient () method with a volume‐averaging operation built on the standard particle–grid transfer scheme in the MPM. Upon explicit time integration, this combination yields a new and simple algorithm for updating the deformation gradient, preserving all other MPM procedures. The proposed approach is thus easy to implement, low‐cost, and compatible with the existing machinery in the MPM. Through various types of nearly incompressible problems in solid and fluid mechanics, we verify that the proposed approach efficiently circumvents volumetric locking in the explicit MPM, regardless of the basis functions and material types.
Effect of process parameters on the performance of PA6 products fabricated by rotational molding
Authors: Ma Yitao , Wang Xiulei , Tian Mingming , Zhang Liyan , Yang Weimin , Xie Pengcheng 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this study, a desktop‐class dual‐axis rotational molder was employed to mold PA6 products. Notably, the morphology of the plastic powder during the rotational molding process was examined through visualization techniques. The research also aimed to delineate the causes of wall thickness variation in the products, while proposing a process method to enhance the uniformity of wall thickness. The implementation of a two‐stage mold temperature setting method for the ends of the mold improved wall thickness uniformity of the products. Furthermore, the interrelationships between crystallinity, tensile strength, and impact strength of the products were explored by comparing different cooling rate conditions. Increasing the cooling rate resulted in a decrease in both crystallinity and tensile strength, while concurrently boosting the impact strength of the products.Highlights
A desktop‐class, two‐axis rotational molding equipment is designed.
A method for visualizing the rotational molding process is conducted.
Mold temperature and rotational speed affect product wall thickness.
Two‐stage mold temperature improves wall thickness uniformity.
Mold cooling rate affects the tensile and impact strength of the product.
Preparation of functional nanoparticles of mPEG‐b‐P(DMA‐co‐HA) copolymers via polymerization‐induced thermal self‐assembly
Authors: Akar Irem , Pearce Amanda K. , Kumar C. M. Santosh , Ferguson Calum , O'Reilly Rachel K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelf‐assembled polymeric nanoparticles have been of great interest for various biological applications such as drug delivery, catalysis, and biosensing. In this regard, polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) has been widely explored as a more efficient technique than conventional self‐assembly methods as it can be conducted in one pot and does not require harsh conditions. Recently, a method known as polymerization‐induced thermal self‐assembly (PITSA) has emerged, exploiting the inherent phase transition behavior of thermoresponsive polymers at a critical temperature point to generate thermoresponsive nanoparticles in situ. However, the narrow range of monomers suitable for PITSA limits the design of diverse thermoresponsive nanoparticles, and therefore this process has not yet been explored to its fullest capacity. In this study, we demonstrate the preparation of thermoresponsive nanoparticles based on hydrophilic N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) and hydrophobic hexyl acrylate (HA) monomers. This is particularly interesting as these monomers produce non‐responsive homopolymers but display thermoresponsive behavior when copolymerized. The nanoparticles obtained were crosslinked to enable their characterization at room temperature, and further functionalized with a short synthetic antibacterial peptide (WR)3 to demonstrate proof‐of‐concept potential as antimicrobial agents. Overall, this work expands the library of monomers amenable to PITSA for the production of thermoresponsive nanoparticles, contributing to the design of new functional nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes.
When huskies bite back: A complex systems metaphor perspective on information technology project management
Authors: Jackson Stephen 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResearchers have acknowledged the usefulness of metaphors to understand organizational phenomena. More than fancy linguistic ornaments, metaphors can provide a rich understanding of the situation under investigation; demonstrate how individuals think, feel and behave; and be used as a diagnostic tool to help analyse organizational problems. Notwithstanding the importance of metaphor analysis, how system thinking principles can be applied to understand the elicited nature of metaphor in the context of information technology (IT) project management practices remains to be explored in greater detail. Drawing on the field of applied linguistics, coupled with complexity theory, a complex systems metaphor perspective is put forward as a fresh lens to understand IT project management practices. This perspective is illustrated through a discourse analysis of a large IT project in the National Health Service (NHS) in England.