bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ocular surface health affects the quality of life of the elderly
Authors: Aapola Ulla , Nättinen Janika , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi Sirkka , Saramies Jouko , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To examine the association of ocular surface health with the quality of life (QoL) in a population‐based cohort of older people.Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 601 subjects born between years 1933–1956 and living in Savitaipale, Finland. Various ocular surface health parameters were evaluated, including Schirmer's I test, non‐invasive tear break‐up time (NIBUT), corneal and conjunctival staining, conjunctival redness, blepharitis, Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). For QoL measurements 15D, Medical Outcomes Study 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (MOS SF‐36), and Beck's Depression Inventory.(BDI‐II) were used. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effects of ocular surface health on QoL.Results: OSDI scores affected majority of the MOS SF‐36 scales as well as 15D and BDI‐II scores (p < 0.05). BDI score worsened with increasing corneal and conjunctival staining and MGD scores (p = 0.004, p = 0.001, and p = 0.03, respectively). Physical and emotional health‐associated role limitations increased with increased conjunctival redness (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). In addition, emotional well‐being was affected by conjunctival redness, blepharitis, MGD, and NIBUT (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The symptoms experienced by the participants affect various aspects of well‐being according to our results. Of the ocular surface signs, the ocular surface tissue defects appear to play more significant role in worsening of the general health‐related QoL, whereas the aqueous deficiencies alone do not. The health of ocular surface is an important factor of the QoL and merits to be taken account in clinical assessment of people and these symptoms should be treated accordingly.
New onset of acute uveitis following COVID‐19 vaccination
Authors: Sim Haeun , Jeong Jeonga , Kang Min Ji , Hwang Jehyung 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: This study reported 11 cases of new‐onset acute uveitis following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination.Methods: This retrospective observational case study included 11 eyes from 11 patients with acute uveitis after COVID‐19 vaccination. We only included patients with new‐onset uveitis. Patients' medical records from January 2021 to January 2022 were reviewed.Results: The mean age of the participants was 51.81 years, and all patients demonstrated anterior chamber reaction with keratic precipitates in the affected eye. The mean duration between vaccination and uveitis was 8.27 days. Seven patients developed uveitis after receiving the second vaccination, and four developed uveitis after receiving the third vaccination. Five patients showed posterior synechiae and three patients showed hypopyon. After treatment with topical 1% prednisolone acetate eye drops and systemic prednisolone, inflammation was adequately controlled and quickly resolved.Conclusions: COVID‐19 vaccination with messenger RNA and viral vector vaccines may cause acute anterior uveitis. Although initially severe, the patients' uveitis responded well to steroid therapy, without visual impairment.References1. Aslam S, Goldstein DR, Vos R, et al. COVID‐19 vaccination in our transplant recipients: The time is now. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021; 40:169–171.2. Calina AO, Docea D, Petrakis D, et al. Towards effective COVID19 vaccines: updates, perspectives and challenges (review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46: 3–16.3. Ramasamy MN, Minassian AM, Ewer KJ, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 nCoV‐19 vaccine administered in a prime‐boost regimen in young and old adults (COV002): a single‐blind, randomized, controlled, phase 2/3 trial. Lancet 2021, 396: 1979–93.
Association between parapapillary choroidal microvasculature and prognosis of optic neuritis
Authors: Bae Hyoung Won , Lee Jihei , Kim Chan Yun 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To identify peripapillary choroidal MvD in eyes with optic neuritis and its association with longitudinal changes in retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thicknesses following diagnosis.Methods: A total of 48 eyes with optic neuritis was evaluated to identify the presence of peripapillary choroidal MvD, defined as a focal capillary loss with no visible microvascular network in choroidal layer, using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (OCTA). Patients were divided based on the presence of MvD. OCT and standard automated perimetry (SAP) conducted at 1, 3 and 6 months follow‐up were analysed.Results: MvD was identified in 20 of 48 eyes (41.7%) with optic neuritis. MvD was most commonly found in the temporal quadrant (85.0%), and peripapillary retinal vessel density in the temporal quadrant was significantly lower in eyes with MvD (p = 0.012). At 6 months follow up, optic neuritis eyes with MvD showed significantly thinner RNFL in the temporal quadrant (p = 0.012) and GCIPL in all sectors (p = 0.007). No significant difference was noted in SAP parameters. The presence of MvD was significantly associated with thinner global GCIPL thickness at 6 months follow‐up (OR 0.905, 95% CI 0.832–0.984, p = 0.019).Conclusions: Optic neuritis showed peripapillary choroidal microvascular impairment in the form of MvD. MvD was associated with structural deterioration at macular GCIPL. Further studies are necessary to identify the causal relationship between microvascular impairment and retinal nerve fibre layer damage in optic neuritis.
How ready is artificial intelligence (AI) for clinical use?
Authors: Zakri Rosina , Davies Nigel 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a diagnostic tool or clinical decision support tool has been investigated extensively. The purpose of this study is to review the literature to date, the number and type of systems that are already available.Methods: A search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Review, and Global Health Library (2000–2022) was performed. Key words used were Ophthalmology AND AI OR Clinical Assist OR Decision Support Tools. Inclusion criteria were articles written in the English language and studies with human participants. Exclusion criteria were editorials, articles using animal models, and pure validation studies.Results:	11 557 papers when ‘Ophthalmology and AI’ filtered applied, and 906 when ‘Decision Support Tool’ is specified. 387 titles filtered for inclusion/exclusion criteria, of which 26 working tools were identified, (Cataract 4, Cornea and refraction 3, Melanoma 2, Oculoplastic 3, Paediatric Ophthalmology 1, Triage 2, Glaucoma and Neuro‐Ophthalmology 4, Retina 7). Of these, 6 are available for clinical use.Conclusions: Out of a large number of studies, we find 6 examples of Diagnostic or Decision support tools ready for implementation. Two are diagnostic, based on input of risk factors alone, and the others use image analysis for disease management and screening. Most AI work is retrospective and observational in nature, with most trials in medical retinal diseases. Further work is needed to translate AI ideas into clinical practice.
Assessment of the impact of an early acute immune challenge on the diabetic retina
Authors: Fernandes Hugo , Cruz Alexandra , Boia Raquel , Gaspar Rita , Nunes Sara , Baptista Filipa , Ambrósio António Francisco 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It has been claimed that infections may enhance the progression of retinal degenerative diseases to more severe stages. Infections prime microglia, the immune cells of central nervous system. Microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark of DR. We hypothesized that an infection at adolescence negatively impacts on the retina later in life when it is challenged with diabetes.Methods: An infection was mimicked by an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Retinal function was assessed by electroretinography and retinal structure was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Microglia reactivity was assessed by immunolabelling Iba‐1 and MHC‐II.Results: We evaluated first the impact of LPS per se on the retina. Scotopic threshold response, indicative of retinal ganglion cell function, presented a significant decreased amplitude 30 days after LPS injection, without alterations in the function of other retinal neurons. OCT revealed that 1 day after LPS there was an increase in the thickness of inner retinal layers. Eye fundus images showed a thickening of retinal vessels and the presence of vitreous infiltrates, 1 and 5 days after LPS injection. LPS also significantly increased microglial reactivity 1 day after the injection. Then, we evaluated the impact of LPS when the retina was also exposed to a diabetic insult (30 days). In diabetic animals previously exposed to LPS, there was a decrease in the amplitude of cone response, evaluated by flicker (first and second harmonic).Conclusions: LPS per se affects the retina in several parameters, mainly in the first days upon LPS challenge. Moreover, LPS priming negatively impacts on cone cell function upon diabetes.Supported by FCT, Portugal (PEst UIDB/04539/2020 and UIDP/04539/2020) and Centro 2020 Regional Operational Programme (CENTRO‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐000008: BrainHealth 2020).
Application of Thealoz® duo eye drops confers novel protective effects on the ocular surface of dry eye patients
Authors: Perumal Natarajan , Jeong Eunjin , Runde Sarah , Manicam Caroline , Pfeiffer Norbert , Grus Franz 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The protective effect of Thealoz® Duo eye drops was investigated in patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) by clinical examination. Subsequently, the tear proteome alterations were characterized employing the mass spectrometry‐based proteomics platform.Methods: Fifty‐eight subjects underwent thorough clinical investigation for DES, namely the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and were grouped as mixed DES (DRY, N = 35) and healthy (CTRL, N = 23). A DRY subgroup of severe aqueous‐deficient DES (sDRYaq, N = 12) was also clinically identified. Only DES patients were subjected to application of Thealoz® Duo (trehalose 3% and hyaluronic acid 0.15%). All subjects were scheduled for clinical investigation before (day 0, T0) and after day 28 ± 4 (T28) and 56 ± 4 (T56) of Thealoz® Duo application. Next, 174 individual tear samples from both groups at two time‐points were subjected to in‐depth proteomics and bioinformatics analyses.Results: Application of Thealoz® Duo (4.2 ± 0.9 times/day) significantly improved the OSDI in DRY at T28 vs. T0 (p = 4.1 E‐3) and T56 vs. T0 (p = 2.0 E‐5). Proteomics analysis resulted in the identification of 128 and 291 significantly (p < 0.05) differently abundant proteins in DRY vs. CTRL and sDRYaq vs. CTRL, respectively. Interestingly, Thealoz® Duo application after only T28 resulted in significant activation of various molecular processes, mainly the antibacterial response (DRY vs. CTRL, p = 2.3 E‐4; sDRYaq vs. CTRL, p = 5.7 E‐5), metabolic pathways (DRY vs. CTRL, p = 4.9 E‐3; sDRYaq vs. CTRL, p = 4.7 E‐6) and inhibition of apoptosis (DRY vs. CTRL, p = 4.1 E‐4; sDRYaq vs. CTRL, p = 8.9 E‐17). Importantly, the activated inflammatory process at T0 in DRY (p = 9.7 E‐4) and sDRYaq (p = 2.0 E‐8) were significantly inhibited at T56 following the continuous use of Thealoz® Duo.Conclusions: For the first time, this comprehensive investigation unravelled novel mechanistic processes attributed to the efficacy of Thealoz® Duo eye drops, which significantly improved vision‐related functions in mixed and severe DES patients.
Value of ophthalmological psychophysical test and MEG in subjects at high risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: López‐Cuenca Inés , Salobrar‐Garcia Elena , Sanchez‐Puebla Lidia , de Hoz Rosa , Nebreda Alberto , García‐Colomo Alejandra , Bruña Ricardo , Ramírez‐Toraño Federico , Barabash Ana , Gil Pedro , Mestú Fernando , Ramirez Jose Manuel , Ramirez Ana Isabel , Salazar Juan Jose 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this work was to analyse in subjects at high risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) the possible correlation between psychophysical tests and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in comparison with control subjects.Methods: Extensive ophthalmological analysis, MEG recording, genotyping and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on 149 healthy subjects, of whom 109 had a family history of the disease and 40 did not. This sample was subdivided into subgroups aged 40–60 years with an increased risk of AD based on the presence of the ApoEɛ4 allele (ApoEɛ4+) and family history (FH+). 28 participants as higher risk group (ApoEɛ4+ and FH+) and 16 participants as lower risk group (FH‐ and ApoEɛ4‐).Results: In the ApoEɛ4+ and FH+ group, a significant increase in visual acuity was observed, as well as an increase in some spatial frequencies of contrast sensitivity. In addition, in this group, some areas of the inner plexiform layer and the inner nuclear layer were thinned. Between the risk groups, when directly comparing M100 latency or temporal frequency activity associated with the visual response, no significant differences were found. However, there was an association between higher visual acuity and earlier M100 latency and increased activity in the high‐risk groups.Conclusions: There seems to exist an early hyperactivation of the visual system, which would act as a compensatory mechanism, or be a manifestation of a biological malfunction that ultimately leads to toxicity. This hyperactivation represents the first evidence of the consequences of early retinal damage, associated with genetic risk, on visual processing. These changes observed by readily available and non‐invasive techniques could constitute a set of biomarkers for early detection of the disease and assessment of the efficacy of possible future treatments.
3D printed enucleated eye holder for research and surgical training
Authors: Yang Yunfang , Zhang Yunlan , You Zhong , Ching Jared 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: The aim of this study is to provide an affordable eye holder to secure enucleated eyes for the purposes of ophthalmology surgical training or research. Whilst mannequin heads are an excellent tool for surgical training, a surgical microscope is pre‐requisite to accommodate this. Table top microscopes are widely available and commonly used for both research and surgical training, however, there are a limited number of available products to secure the eye reliably in this setting. We present a 3D‐printed enucleated eye cup holder that can be mass produced as a low‐cost training tool.Methods: Using Solidworks, we designed a 3D printable modular device that consists of three pieces forming an eye cup holder. The main cup has 8 symmetric round holes to secure the eye in the horizontal and vertical planes either on recti muscles, their insertions, conjunctiva or episclera using sutures. This provides a customizable level of stability to allow precise surgery that can be made more repeatable for research purposes and surgical training. Two support pillars mount the main cup on an optical board which is placed under the microscope. The main cup can be reprinted for replacement conveniently and can be customised to adapt to different microscope dimensions and different cadaveric eyes.Results: This system has been tested on cadaveric porcine and human eyes in both training and research environments. During the operation, the main cup is placed on the base of the microscope and mounted on the optical board underneath by support pillars. The whole system is fixed on optical board to achieve better stability as well as adaptability to different microscopes. Other equipment can be added on the optical board for further tests. The eyes are sutured securely on the holder and the position is adjustable. Ophthalmologists and trainees were able to practice appropriately on the system. This system was affordable at a cost of approximately €24 to print.Conclusions: Herein, we present a 3D‐printed enucleated eye cup holder that can be secured to the base of a microscope using an optical board. The adjustable positioning of the eye via suturing provides a convenient surgical training and research experience. The holder is released as an open‐source computer‐aided design file with customizable dimensions for interested trainees and researchers.image
Comparative evaluation of corneal characteristics in eyes of primary congenital glaucoma and Axenfeld‐Rieger syndrome
Authors: Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Nathiya Venkatesh , Singh Abhishek , Nag T. C. , Sen Seema , Titiyal Jeewan , Gupta Viney , Gupta Shikha 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To evaluate and compare the primary dysgenesis of cornea in Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG) and Axenfeld‐Rieger Syndrome (ARS).Methods: 26 eyes of PCG and 40 eyes of ARS were included. The following parameters were noted: clinico‐demographic profile; ASOCT of cornea/angle; Ocular biomechanical parameters, intraocular pressure (IOP) and central corneal thickness(CCT) (using Corvis ST); corneal aberration (iTrace, Tracey Technologies); morphological and cellular structure of the cornea (Confoscan HRT‐III:RCM) and histopathology of cornea (after keratoplasty).Results: Mean corneal diameter of PCG (13.4 ± 1 mm) was higher (p = 0.01) than ARS (11.7 ± 1.6 mm). Haab striae were observed more in the eyes of PCG (63.6%) than ARS (5%). Posterior corneal hyperreflectivity was present in 100% PCG eyes v/s 85.2% ARS (p = 0.006). Angle dysgenesis was comparable: PCG (85.4%) and ARS (90.7%). The presence of a double membrane sign, indicating thickened PDL and DM, was visible exclusively in eyes of PCG (29.2%) v/s singular posterior corneal hyperreflectivity (85.2%), indicating thickened DM complex, visible in eyes of ARS. Corneas of ARS were 52.3 μm thicker than PCG. In eyes of both PCG and ARS, the most common total ocular aberration was astigmatism. The endothelial cell count in PCG {1703 ± 661 cells/mm2} and ARS {1442 ± 397 cells/mm2} was comparable. The PDL thickness in the eyes of PCG (11.8 μm) was greater than ARS (9.1 μm). In immunohistochemistry, all tissues of PCG (n = 9) were collagen IV positive (indicating presence of PDL), two tissues of ARS (22.2%) were collagen IV negative.Conclusions: The difference in characteristic of PDL may cause difference in corneal enlargement and angle differences between the two groups.
Ophthalmic liposomal formulations using synthetic phospholipids for the treatment of dry eye disease
Authors: Casamayor Miriam González‐Cela , Cano José Javier López , Andrés‐Guerrero Vanessa , de la Torre Marta Vicario , del Castillo José Manuel Benítez , Vanrell Rocío Herrero , Molina‐Martínez Irene T. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: Liposomes composed of soy phosphatidylcholine (PC) have been widely used in artificial tears for the treatment of dry eye disease (DED) due to their ability to supplement the lipid layer of the ocular surface. The disadvantage of PC extracted from natural sources is the difficulty of standardizing its fatty acid composition. Therefore, the use of synthetic phospholipids such as 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) and Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) allows better characterization and standardization than those from natural sources, being of interest in the preparation of ophthalmic liposomal formulations for DED.Methods: Liposomal formulations comprised of DOPC (F1) and DOPC combined with DMPC (F2) were prepared according to the Bangham technique and dispersed in a borate‐trehalose buffer. Formulations were characterized in terms of pH, size, osmolarity and surface tension. In vitro tolerance was performed in human corneal epithelial cells and compared with soy PC liposomal formulation.Results: Both F1 and F2 synthetic liposomal formulations showed suitable properties for topical ophthalmic administration for DED such as hypotonicity (F1: 244.8 ± 0.74; F2: 252.5 ± 0.08 mOsm/L), neutral pH (F1: 7.52 ± 0.01; F2: 7.54 ± 0.02), low surface tension (F1: 24.53 ± 0.70; F2: 26.93 ± 0.49 mN/m) and a vesicle size of 150.8 ± 59.60 and 181.00 ± 49.83 nm for F1 and F2 respectively. Synthetic phospholipids outperformed soy PC liposomes regarding in vitro tolerance in a very sensitive corneal line, exhibiting cell viability values after 1 hour exposure of 88.71 ± 7.32% and 82.36 ± 8.84% for F1 and F2 respectively compared to soy PC liposomes (73.08 ± 8.74%). After simulated chronic exposure (4 h), cell viability of F1 (78.26 ± 1.65%) and F2 (79.08 ± 1.75%) were higher than the one obtained for PC liposomal formulation (64.53 ± 6.73%).Conclusions: Liposomes composed of synthetic phospholipids are potential candidates for the development of artificial tears for DED treatment.
Synchrotron radiation‐based infrared micro‐spectroscopy characterization of different types of epiretinal proliferations
Authors: Andjelic Sofija , Kreuzer Martin , Hawlina Marko , Lumi Xhevat 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurpose: To assess epiretinal proliferations bio‐macromolecules and to provide their molecular fingerprint for better understanding of epiretinal proliferations, we used synchrotron radiation‐based Fourier transform infrared (SR‐FTIR) micro‐spectroscopy.Methods: The membranes were collected from routine pars plana vitrectomy. The biochemical differences between idiopathic nonvascular epiretinal membranes (ERMi), membranes in proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVRm) and neovascular membranes in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDRm) were evaluated and compared by using SR‐FTIR micro‐spectroscopy at the MIRAS beamline of the ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain and multivariate analysis.Results: PVRm differs the most from ERMi and PDRm in all spectral regions. We demonstrated the presence of silicone oil (SO) or polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in the structure of PVRm membrane after SO endotamponade suggesting that SO, in addition to many benefits as an important tool in vitreoretinal surgery, can also contribute in PVRm formation. We also showed the differences between PVRm, PDRm and ERMi in protein and lipid structure, collagen content and maturity.Conclusions: Our results obtained by SR‐FTIR increase the knowledge about the total proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in different epiretinal proliferations while offering also the evidence that SR‐FTIR is sensitive to the pathologic processes of epiretinal proliferations. We emphasize the different macro‐molecular composition of three different types of epiretinal proliferation stemming from different components and metabolic processes taking place as well as the caution needed when using SO in vitreoretinal surgery.