bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of expressions of fear induced by background music on reading comprehension
Authors: Wong Agnes S.K. , Moreno Matthew , Burns Samantha , Woodruff Earl 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundResearch has suggested that background music can have a positive or negative effect that can influence the affective state of individuals. Although research has demonstrated that fear negatively influences our cognitive performance, there is a research gap in understanding the combined effects of different background music tempo and fear in influencing reading comprehension performance.MethodsData were collected from 70 participants enrolled at a public university in Canada. Participants were required to listen to background music of varying speeds with three conditions (no music, slow music and fast music). We adopted a cross‐sectional multi‐level modelling approach for the main analyses, and further analyses using t‐test and ANOVA.ResultsResults indicated that expression of fear was not a significant predictor of participants' reading comprehension performance (Model 1). However, when music condition was added (Model 2) in addition to expression of fear, a significant relationship between reading comprehension performance and music condition was found, showing better reading comprehension performance in the slow music condition than in the no music condition. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction effect between music condition and expression of fear on reading comprehension performance (Model 3). Importantly, not all individuals were affected by the music to the same extent, with the possibility that baseline level of fear being the key issue in influencing comprehension performance.ConclusionsConsidering both expression of fear and music condition is required to understand the combined effects on cognitive performance. Expression of fear during cognitive tasks such as reading could be an essential signal that interventions should be applied. Such strategies may be especially beneficial for task performers with higher baseline levels of fear and possibly provide us with insights for best practice and research implications in the field of reading comprehension among individuals with special needs.
Elite mobility and continuity during a regime change
Authors: Matsumoto Tomoko , Okazaki Tetsuji 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow does a regime change influence elite mobility? By collecting data on elites after the Meiji Restoration in Japan in 1868, through which Japan transitioned from a feudal regime to a modern regime, we provide new evidence that the impact of the regime change on elite mobility varies across the stages of the regime change. We analyze the impact of the regime change from two aspects: (1) the composition of elites or elite membership and (2) the internal hierarchy within them. The regime change opened an opportunity for commoners to join the elite group. After the Meiji Restoration, the share of elites whose fathers were commoners in the former regime increased, as did the influence of meritocracy on elite ranks. However, once the new regime was established, the elite hierarchy started to reflect the social stratum of the former regime and the influence of meritocracy declined.
Application of cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings for quality and safety of deep‐fried foods
Authors: Wang Zun , Ng Ken , Warner Robyn Dorothy , Stockmann Regine , Fang Zhongxiang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExcessive oil uptake and formation of carcinogens, such as acrylamide (AA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), during deep‐frying are a potential threat for food quality and safety. Cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings have been widely applied to deep‐fried foods for reduction of oil uptake because of their barrier property to limit oil ingress, and their apparent inhibition of AA formation. Cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings have low negative impacts on sensory attributes of fried foods and are low cost, nontoxic, and nonallergenic. They also show great potential for reducing HCAs and PAHs in fried foods. The incorporation of nanoparticles improves mechanical and barrier properties of cellulose and chitosan coatings, which may also contribute to reducing carcinogens derived from deep‐frying. Considering the potential for positive health outcomes, cellulose‐ and chitosan‐based edible coatings could be a valuable method for the food industry to improve the quality and safety of deep‐fried foods.
Impact of time of intensive care unit transfer and outcomes in patients with septic shock: An observational study
Authors: Buhariwalla Karishma , Keijzers Gerben , Macdonald Stephen , Finnis Mark , Peake Sandra , Gillett Mark , Delaney Anthony ,   the ARISE Investigators
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between time from ED presentation to intensive care unit (ICU) transfer on mortality in patients presenting with septic shock.MethodsAdult patients with suspected septic shock enrolled in the Australasian Resuscitation in Sepsis Evaluation trial were included. The primary outcome of this post‐hoc analysis was 90‐day mortality. ED‐to‐ICU time was analysed as both a continuous variable and a binary variable (≤vs>4 h). Analysis incorporated mixed effects regression, with ICU site as a random effect, time‐to‐event analysis and competing risks regression; all with and without inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for confounding baseline covariates.ResultsData from 1301 patients were included. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) ED‐to‐ICU time was 4.3 (3.1, 6.3) hours, with 588 patients (45%) transferred within 4 h. The ≤4‐h group were younger, 64 (51, 74)versus67 (52, 76) years (P = 0.04), with higher APACHE III scores, 50 (37, 65)versus47 (35, 62) (P = 0.002), and higher unadjusted 90‐day mortality, odds ratio (OR) 1.53 (95% confidence interval 1.15, 2.03),P = 0.01. After adjustment for pre‐specified confounders, the 90‐day mortality OR was 1.09 (0.83, 1.44),P = 0.52. Adjusted for death as a competing event and illness severity, hospital length of stay was similar between groups, whereas ICU duration remained longer for the ≤4‐h group.ConclusionIn patients presenting to the ED with septic shock, ED‐to‐ICU time less than 4 h was not associated with altered 90‐day mortality, although this should be interpreted with caution due to study limitations.
Analysis of the water state and microfractal dimension of tilapia fillets during freezing and thawing
Authors: Luo Kaixuan , Feng Aiguo , Lin Xiangdong , Fu Renhao , Wei Heyun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo study the effects of freezing and thawing times and freezing temperatures on the water state and microstructure of tilapia fillets, experiments on tilapia fillets were carried out at –4 and –18°C with one to four freezing and thawing cycles (FTCs). Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging were used to observe the water state after different treatments, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and frozen sections were used to observe the microstructure changes. Fractal dimension (FD) was used to quantitatively characterize the microstructure of the fish tissue, and the correlation between FD and fish fillet quality parameters was studied by principal component analysis (PCA). The findings showed that with the increase of FTCs, the thawing loss increased, and the water holding capacity (WHC) fell. FTCs cause a decrease in immobilized water and an increase in free water in the fillet. This indicates the migration of immobilized water to free water. SEM and frozen slice images showed that the growth of ice crystals led to the destruction of myogenic fibers. A decrease in freezing temperature inhibited ice crystal growth. The FD value dropped in accordance with an increase in FTCs. PCA demonstrated that the WHC, NMR data, and FD value had a strong correlation with the quality changes in the tilapia fillets. Therefore, FD and water state can reflect the quality characteristics of tilapia fillets.Practical ApplicationThe water migration in tilapia fillets is detected with LF‐NMR, and the microscopic image may be quantified using the FD value. Both approaches can offer fresh perspectives on how to assess the quality of tilapia fillets and reflect changes in their quality.
Ultrasound characterization of mammary gland development in heifer calves fed at two different levels until weaning
Authors: Seibt Katharina Diana , Scheu Theresa , Koch Christian , Ghaffari Morteza Hosseini , Sauerwein Helga 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUltrasound technologies allow for a non‐invasive assessment of mammary gland (MG) development, the differentiation between the tissue types of the MG, and the evaluation of changes in its composition. This study aimed to work out a detailed description of the different stages of MG development that are visually discernible by ultrasonography for providing a template to classify the different structures. With this basis, the qualitative categorization of the developmental stage, as well as further quantitative assessments via pixel densities in the structures of interest, should be facilitated. Ultrasonic images were acquired from all four quarters of 37 German Holstein heifer calves fed either at a high feeding level of milk replacer (MR; 14% solids) at 10 L/day (1.4 kg MR/day; HI, n = 18) or at a restrictive low level of 5.7 L/day (0.8 kg MR/day; RES, n = 19) until linear weaning from week 13 to 14 of life. Ultrasound MG scans were performed first in week 3 of life, fortnightly from week 8–16, and in week 20 of life, in standing position, of each quarter, using a B‐mode ultrasound device equipped with a linear probe (18 MHz). The developmental stages of the mammary gland parenchyma (PAR), visible in ultrasound images, obtained over 20 weeks of life, were categorized, described, and drawn by hand. On this basis, a template for classifying the visible categories of mammary PAR development and its surrounding tissue (SURR), and for measuring their pixel brightness was created thus providing an ultrasonographic atlas of the developing bovine MG, describing 11 categories. The ultrasound images were further classified by PAR structure, and pixel brightness was measured in PAR and SURR by using ImageJ Fiji. The difference in pixel brightness between PAR and SURR, the delta (Δ) pixel value was calculated. With increasing age, higher atlas categories of PAR developmental stages were shown. Pixel values, i.e. the brightness of PAR, its SURR, and Δ pixel value changed with age but were neither affected by the feeding group nor by a group × time interaction. With progressing PAR development, its pixel brightness increased from week 10 to 20 of life, i.e., the PAR became more hyperechoic since it spread and grew into its SURR. The atlas can serve as a template for the categorization and qualitative assessment of MG structures and for the quantitative assessment of PAR's development by measuring pixel brightness. With our study, we could show the structural development in PAR as well as in SURR in MG simultaneously in early life and confirm the spreading of PAR into its SURR by ultrasound scanning.
A simple clinical decision rule may help to rule out severe bacterial infection and spare antibiotics in febrile young children
Authors: Feildel‐Fournial Cécile , Danjou Lou , Hubert‐Dibon Gaëlle , Vrignaud Bénédicte , Masson Damien , Launay Elise , Guen Christèle Gras‐Le 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimTo assess the performance of a new clinical decision rule (CDR) to identify patients at a low risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) among febrile children and its theoretical impact on antibiotic use.MethodsProspective study including consecutive children <5 years of age who presented in one French paediatric emergency department with fever without source between January and December 2016. With the collected data, we constructed a CDR based on a sequential approach based on age, clinical toxic signs, urinalysis and procalcitonin level. We evaluated its diagnostic performances to identify IBI and its potential impact on antibiotic use.ResultsAmong the 1061 children (IBI 11/1061, 1.0%), 693 (65.3%) were classified at low or intermediate risk of IBI, with an IBI prevalence of 0%. The sensitivity and specificity of the CDR to predict IBI were 100% and 73.9%. Negative and positive predictive value were 100% and 3.9%, respectively. Using this new CDR, the current antibiotics exposure would theoretically be reduced from 33.6% to 24.1%.ConclusionThe promising interest of this clinical decision rule, using simple and accessible biological and clinical tools, needs to be confirm with an external validation study, which will allow its use in clinical practice.
Diversity of mitochondrial D‐loop haplotypes from ancient Thracian horses in Bulgaria
Authors: Nishita Yoshinori , Amaike Yosuke , Spassov Nikolai , Hristova Latinka , Kostov Dimitar , Vladova Diyana , Peeva Stanislava , Raichev Evgeniy , Vlaeva Radka , Masuda Ryuichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe domestication of the horse began possibly more than 5000 years ago in the western part of the Eurasian steppe, and according to the leading hypothesis, horses first spread from the Steppe toward the region of the Thracian culture, starting in the second half of the 2nd millennium BCE and flourished from the fifth to first centuries BCE, mainly located in present‐day Bulgaria. We analyzed 17 horse bone remains excavated from Thracian archaeological sites (fourth to first centuries BCE) in Bulgaria and successfully identified 17 sequences representing 14 different haplotypes of the mitochondrial D‐loop. Compared with the mtDNA haplotypes of modern horses around the world, ancient Thracian horses in Bulgaria are thought to be more closely related to modern horses of Southern Europe and less related to those of Central Asia. In addition, the haplotypes we obtained represented 11 previously reported modern horse mtDNA haplogroups: A, B, D, E, G, H, I, L, N, P, and Q. All the haplogroups contain modern and regionally predominant haplotypes occurring in Europe, the Middle East, and Central Asia. Our results indicate that Thracian horses in Bulgaria have had relatively high genetic diversity and are closely related to modern horse breeds.
Theoretical approaches for understanding the self‐organized formation of the Golgi apparatus
Authors: Tachikawa Masashi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEukaryotic cells fold their membranes into highly organized structures called membrane‐bound organelles. Organelles display characteristic structures and perform specialized functions related to their structures. Focusing on the Golgi apparatus, we provide an overview of recent theoretical studies to explain the mechanism of the architecture of the Golgi apparatus. These studies are classified into two categories: those that use equilibrium models to describe the robust Golgi morphology and those that use non‐equilibrium models to explain the stationarity of the Golgi structures and the constant streaming of membrane traffic. A combinational model of both categories was used for computational reconstruction of the de novo Golgi formation process, which might provide an insight into the integrated understanding of the Golgi structure.
Retinal layer thickness predicts disability accumulation in early relapsing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Bsteh Gabriel , Hegen Harald , Altmann Patrick , Auer Michael , Berek Klaus , Di Pauli Franziska , Haider Lukas , Kornek Barbara , Krajnc Nik , Leutmezer Fritz , Macher Stefan , Rommer Paulus , Walchhofer Lisa‐Maria , Zebenholzer Karin , Zulehner Gudrun , Deisenhammer Florian , Pemp Berthold , Berger Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThis study was undertaken to investigate baseline peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness for prediction of disability accumulation in early relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).MethodsFrom a prospective observational study, we included patients with newly diagnosed RMS and obtained spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography scan within 90 days after RMS diagnosis. Impact of pRNFL and GCIPL thickness for prediction of disability accumulation (confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] score ≥ 3.0) was tested by multivariate (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] with 95% confidence interval [CI]) Cox regression models.ResultsWe analyzed 231 MS patients (mean age = 30.3 years, SD = 8.1, 74% female) during a median observation period of 61 months (range = 12–93). Mean pRNFL thickness was 92.6 μm (SD = 12.1), and mean GCIPL thickness was 81.4 μm (SD = 11.8). EDSS ≥ 3 was reached by 28 patients (12.1%) after a median 49 months (range = 9–92). EDSS ≥ 3 was predicted with GCIPL < 77 μm (HR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.6–4.2, p < 0.001) and pRNFL thickness ≤ 88 μm (HR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.4–3.3, p < 0.001). Higher age (HR = 1.4 per 10 years, p < 0.001), incomplete remission of first clinical attack (HR = 2.2, p < 0.001), ≥10 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions (HR = 2.0, p < 0.001), and infratentorial MRI lesions (HR = 1.9, p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of disability accumulation, whereas highly effective disease‐modifying treatment was protective (HR = 0.6, p < 0.001). Type of first clinical attack and presence of oligoclonal bands were not significantly associated.ConclusionsRetinal layer thickness (GCIPL more than pRNFL) is a useful predictor of future disability accumulation in RMS, independently adding to established markers.
Temporal non‐independence of foraging dive and surface duration sequences in the European shag Gulosus aristotelis
Authors: Carlsen A. A. , Lorentsen S. H. , Mattisson J. , Wright J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies of foraging behaviour and respiratory physiology in breath‐holding divers often assume that each dive cycle (dive plus surface duration) is physiologically and ecologically independent within a series (or “bout”) of sequential dives. We tested this assumption using time depth recorders and GPS data for more than 42,000 dives in 1289 bouts by 39 pairs of male and female European shags (Gulosus aristotelis) provisioning nestlings. We found distinct patterns of temporal autocorrelation over several dives within bouts, but this was driven mainly by consecutive dives of the same type, that is, runs of V‐shaped (presumably prey searching) versus U‐shaped (presumably active hunting) dives. We found no evidence of cumulative physiological effects (i.e. fatigue and/or lowered body temperature) across dives within a bout. However, within‐individual variation in dive behaviour revealed complex interactions. Longer bouts were associated with more V‐shaped dives, including more and longer runs of V‐shaped dives. Meanwhile, more U‐shaped dives and longer runs of U‐shaped dives acted as limiting factors to bout lengths, with longer bouts being associated with more U‐shaped dives only later in the bout. Interactions between bout length and body mass, and between dive order within the bout and body mass, also suggested various size‐specific patterns in the temporal distribution of U‐shaped dives. Long bouts and bouts ending in longer runs of V‐shaped dives were more likely to indicate the termination of foraging activity. However, neither dive type nor bout length predicted whether individuals subsequently (i) stayed to forage in the same location or (ii) moved to a new location to continue foraging within the same trip from the nest. European shags therefore showed temporal non‐independence across successive dive cycles and successive bouts of dives, likely as a result of temporal and spatial variation in prey availabilities rather than cumulative physiological effects that might contravene the assumptions in models of optimal dive behaviour.
Method evaluation and risk assessment: A framework for evaluating management strategies for data‐limited fisheries
Authors: Carruthers Thomas R. , Huynh Quang C. , Hordyk Adrian R. , Newman David , Smith Anthony D. M. , Sainsbury Keith J. , Stokes Kevin , Morison Alexander , Agnew David , Parma Ana , Sobrino Ignacio , Longo Catherine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFisheries managers are in need of quantitative tools to inform decisions regarding selection of robust management practices, prioritising research gaps and stocks to focus on, particularly where there are limited resources or data. To support these decisions, the use of Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE), that is, closed loop simulation‐testing of management procedures, is widely regarded as best practice. However, applying MSE is time‐ and computationally intensive, and requires highly skilled expertise and processes for stakeholder input and peer review. For data‐ and capacity‐limited fisheries, MSE may be particularly challenging to implement. Yet, these are the contexts where it is most critical to test assumptions, evaluate the implications of all sources of uncertainty and identify the most informative data sources. To facilitate wider use of MSE, the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) framework was developed as an accessible online interface, with quick processing time, focused on generic data‐limited management procedures, but allowing progression to tailored and more data‐rich methods. The framework links a quantitative questionnaire and data input standard to a flexible operating model with optional customisation via command line access to the back‐end open‐source R libraries. Here, we illustrate a case study application of MERA for the bocinegro (Pagrus pagrus, Sparidae) fishery in the Gulf of Cadiz, where in conjunction with fishery stakeholders, a custom management procedure was developed and tested and key research gaps and data collection priorities were identified. We discuss implications for wider use of MSE in various contexts, including eco‐certification and fishery improvement projects.
“I've grown”: Parent's reflections and familial support
Authors: Coleman Heather , Kozachuk Lindsay , McDermid Campbell , Duyile Bisola , Mason Hollie , Alberque Kari , Ozdemir Merve 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveWe examined the perceived familial support of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to better understand the assistance and gaps they experienced.BackgroundPrevious literature indicated various forms of support, including spousal, extended family members, and siblings. However, limited research considered the support parents experienced from their child with ASD.MethodUsing a qualitative methodology involving semistructured interviews, the team interviewed nine parents who had children with ASD.ResultsAlthough most extended family members were seen as supportive, some held a lack of understanding of ASD, posed questions, or made comments that the children were “spoiled.” Mothers often took on the role of “educator.” The sibling(s) helped with caregiving, but also had their own life experiences to deal with. Regarding the support that the child with ASD provided, parents explained that they had grown into a better person. They were more aware of the challenges other parents faced and held less judgements of others.ConclusionOverall, parents noted differing familial support needs based on their families' understanding of ASD. They valued the support the child with ASD provided and recognized how they had grown as a person.ImplicationsPractitioners must continue to learn how to better understand families' experiences and recognize that each family member has differing support roles.