bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axonal energy metabolism, and the effects in aging and neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Yang Sen , Park Jung Hyun , Lu Hui-Chen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHuman studies consistently identify bioenergetic maladaptations in brains upon aging and neurodegenerative disorders of aging (NDAs), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glucose is the major brain fuel and glucose hypometabolism has been observed in brain regions vulnerable to aging and NDAs. Many neurodegenerative susceptible regions are in the topological central hub of the brain connectome, linked by densely interconnected long-range axons. Axons, key components of the connectome, have high metabolic needs to support neurotransmission and other essential activities. Long-range axons are particularly vulnerable to injury, neurotoxin exposure, protein stress, lysosomal dysfunction, etc. Axonopathy is often an early sign of neurodegeneration. Recent studies ascribe axonal maintenance failures to local bioenergetic dysregulation. With this review, we aim to stimulate research in exploring metabolically oriented neuroprotection strategies to enhance or normalize bioenergetics in NDA models. Here we start by summarizing evidence from human patients and animal models to reveal the correlation between glucose hypometabolism and connectomic disintegration upon aging/NDAs. To encourage mechanistic investigations on how axonal bioenergetic dysregulation occurs during aging/NDAs, we first review the current literature on axonal bioenergetics in distinct axonal subdomains: axon initial segments, myelinated axonal segments, and axonal arbors harboring pre-synaptic boutons. In each subdomain, we focus on the organization, activity-dependent regulation of the bioenergetic system, and external glial support. Second, we review the mechanisms regulating axonal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) homeostasis, an essential molecule for energy metabolism processes, including NAD+biosynthetic, recycling, and consuming pathways. Third, we highlight the innate metabolic vulnerability of the brain connectome and discuss its perturbation during aging and NDAs. As axonal bioenergetic deficits are developing into NDAs, especially in asymptomatic phase, they are likely exaggerated further by impaired NAD+homeostasis, the high energetic cost of neural network hyperactivity, and glial pathology. Future research in interrogating the causal relationship between metabolic vulnerability, axonopathy, amyloid/tau pathology, and cognitive decline will provide fundamental knowledge for developing therapeutic interventions.
Interstitial lung disease related to occupational hard metal exposure: two case reports
Authors: Lin I-Fan , Shen Hsiao-Chin , Lin Shiou-Fu , Chang Ho-Chuen , Chen Tzu-Tao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Hard metal lung disease (HMLD) is a relatively less known occupational interstitial lung disease, and instances of HMLD resulting from para-occupational exposure are rarely reported.

Case presentation
This paper presents two cases of interstitial lung disease caused by exposure to hard metal. The first case involves a 37-year-old Taiwanese man who had worked at a grinder station for hard metal materials for 12 years without respiratory protective equipment. He experienced a dry cough and exertional dyspnea, and his chest imaging and pathology findings were consistent with the features of usual interstitial pneumonia. Analysis of his lung tissue revealed the presence of tungsten and cobalt. The second case involves a 68-year-old Taiwanese woman, the mother of the first patient, who had hand-washed her son’s workwear. She experienced a dry cough and had similar imaging findings to her son. After her son left his job, they both exhibited improved symptoms and lung functions with nintedanib treatment. These findings suggest a diagnosis of HMLD and interstitial lung disease resulting from para-occupational exposure to hard metal dust.

Conclusions
The diagnosis of HMLD relies on obtaining a detailed occupational exposure history. If HMLD is diagnosed, discontinuing exposing to hard metal dusts can lead to improved lung function.
Does Schooling Have Lasting Effects on Cognitive Function? Evidence From Compulsory Schooling Laws
Authors: Gorman Emma 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study assesses whether an additional year of secondary schooling has lasting causal effects on cognitive function. I use data from Understanding Society, the largest longitudinal household study in the United Kingdom, and exploit quasi-experimental variation in schooling from the 1972 raising of the school-leaving age in England and Wales. This reform increased the minimum secondary school‒leaving age from 15 to 16 years. Cognitive function outcomes were measured when participants were aged 48 to 60. Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design, I show that remaining in school until age 16 improved working memory by one third to one half of a standard deviation. I find limited evidence for causal effects on verbal fluency and measures of numeric ability. Analyses of potential mechanisms showed statistically significant effects of remaining in school until age 16 on the type of occupation entered immediately after leaving school and at older ages. These patterns are consistent with basic education improving cognitive outcomes through occupation choice. The findings are robust to sensitivity analyses.
How Education Shapes Women's Work and Family Lives Across Race and Ethnicity
Authors: Pessin Léa , Damaske Sarah , Frech Adrianne 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDrawing on life course and intersectional approaches, this study examines how education shapes the intertwined domains of work and family across race and ethnicity. By applying multichannel sequence analysis and cluster analysis to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we identify a typology of life course trajectories of work and family and test for the interactive associations of race and ethnicity with college education for different trajectory types. While our results show statistically significant and often sizable education effects across racial and ethnic groups for most of the work‒family clusters, they also suggest that the size and direction of the education effect vary widely across groups. Educational attainment plays an outsize role in shaping Black women's work‒family lives, increasing their access to steady work and partnerships, while educational attainment primarily works to increase White women's participation in part-time work. In contrast, Latina women's work‒family trajectories are less responsive to their educational attainment. In combination, the racialized role of education and persistent racial and ethnic gaps across the education distribution yield unequal patterns in work‒family strategies among Black, Latina, and White women.
Uncertainty and Immigrant Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Brexit
Authors: Acosta Camilo , Marinoni Astrid 
Published: July 2023

Immigrant entrepreneurs are a major driver of economic growth, and their decisions about where to locate can greatly affect the entrepreneurial ecosystem of a country. Meanwhile, increasingly uncertain immigration environments might discourage immigrants from establishing new ventures in host countries. This paper exploits the unexpected result of the Brexit referendum to investigate the relationship between immigration uncertainty and the entry of immigrant-founded ventures of different quality. We propose a model of immigrant entrepreneurial entry and introduce a new measure of venture quality at founding. We find that a surge in uncertainty decreases the growth rate of new immigrant-founded firms by 3.2%. The reliance on other immigrant actors exacerbates the negative effect that uncertainty has on entry. Moreover, low- and high-quality firms are the most affected, while the effect for medium-quality firms is negligible. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that Brexit discouraged the entry of around 620 low-quality and 250 high-quality firms. Our model suggests that whereas founders of low-quality ventures might decide to take up employment, founders of high-quality ventures might be better off establishing their companies in another country. History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Migration and Organizations. Funding: C. Acosta thanks EAFIT’s internal funding for research projects. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.16011 .
Social Anxiety in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Case of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Crawford Hayley 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Despite significant advances in understanding and treating social anxiety in the general population, progress in this area lags behind for individuals with intellectual disability. Fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited intellectual disability and is associated with an elevated prevalence rate of social anxiety. The phenotype of fragile X syndrome encompasses multiple clinically significant characteristics that are posed as risk markers for social anxiety in other populations. Here, evidence is reviewed that points to physiological hyperarousal, sensory sensitivity, emotion dysregulation, cognitive inflexibility, and intolerance of uncertainty as primary candidates for underlying mechanisms of heightened social anxiety in fragile X syndrome. A multilevel model is presented that provides a framework for future research to test associations.
Recruitment and retention interventions in surgical and wound care trials: A systematic review
Authors: Arundel Catherine , Mott Andrew 
Published: July 2023

Background
Recruitment and retention to surgical trials has previously been reported to be problematic, resulting in research waste. Surgery often results in wounds, meaning these trials are likely to have similar populations. There is currently no systematic assessment of effective strategies for these populations and hence, systematic assessment of these was deemed to be of importance.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted. Studies were eligible if they were randomised controlled trials undertaken to test an intervention to improve recruitment or retention within a surgical or wound based host randomised controlled trial. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ORRCA Database and the Northern Ireland Hub for Trials Methodology Research SWAT Repository Store were searched. Two independent reviewers screened the search results and extracted data for eligible studies using a piloted extraction form. A narrative synthesis was used due to a lack of heterogeneity between strategies which prevented meta-analysis.

Results
A total of 2133 records were identified which resulted in 13 ultimately being included in the review; seven on recruitment and six on retention. All included studies were based within surgical host trials. Four of the seven recruitment studies focussed on the provision of consent information to participants, one focussed on study set up and one on staff training, with only one relating to consent information finding any significant effect. A range of retention strategies were assessed by the included studies, however only two found (pen vs no pen, mailing strategies) found any significant effect.

Conclusion
The included studies within a trial were all conducted within surgical trials. There was significant variation in strategies used, and limited replications and therefore further assessment may be warranted. Given the lack of studies embedded within wound care trials, further studies in this area are recommended.

Trial registration
PROSPERO (CRD42020205475).
A Simple Awareness For Women About (SAWA) stages of labor on women's childbirth experience using the childbirth roadmap tool: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Fouly Howieda , Gaber Zaghloul Mervat , Alshiekh Intisar , Masoud Ayat 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Women's knowledge regarding childbirth progress can increase their comfort and satisfaction during labor. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Simple Awareness for Women About (SAWA) labor stages program on their childbirth experience using the childbirth roadmap tool.
Methods: A pretest and posttest technique was employed and conducted at the Labor Department, Woman Health Hospital, affiliated to the Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt. Based on the eligibility criteria, a convenient sampling method was used to recruit all parturient women admitted between June 2017 and August 2017. The sample consisted of 172 participants.
Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the baseline information regarding the stages of childbirth subsequent to the SAWA program implementation. There was a significant relationship between the mode of delivery and the participant's satisfaction with the study tool.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the benefits of using a simple, attractively illustrated instrument, the childbirth roadmap, for achieving the meaning of support through the SAWA program during labor stages.
Evaluating the Sealing Performance of Plug and Abandonment Cement Systems Under Downhole Conditions
Authors: Roijmans Roel F. H. , Wolterbeek Timotheus K. T. , Cornelissen Erik K. , Keultjes Wout J. G. 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Microannuli are an important cause of post-abandonment seepage along abandonment plugs set in wells. Autogenous cement shrinkage, occurring when the cement sets, is a contributing factor to the formation of such flaws. Cement shrinkage and its potentially deleterious effects can be mitigated by using a properly designed and placed expanding cement system.
Reliable evaluation of cement plugs’ sealing performance requires testing under elevated temperature and pressure conditions representative for downhole conditions. In this contribution, two laboratory setups designed for this purpose are described, namely (i) small-scale tests on 2-in. plugs and (ii) large-scale tests on 8-in. plugs. In both setups, plugs are cured and tested under downhole conditions inside sections of steel pipes. These pipes are equipped with lateral pressure-temperature sensors, which allow the recording of stresses that develop on the cement-steel interface when the hydrating cement plug expands. Using this bespoke cement testing equipment, a strong positive correlation was found between the amount of interface stress buildup and the sealing performance of the set cement plug against gas flow. This demonstrates that cement systems that expand effectively under downhole conditions can reduce post-plug and abandonmen (P&A) seepage risks.
While providing valuable insight, the 2-in. and 8-in. plug setups are labor intensive to operate and hence impractical to use in field laboratories for cement slurry verification. Unfortunately, standard industry methodologies to verify the effectiveness of the cement expansion additives (CEAs) do not take into account in-situ well conditions. To allow the industry to still evaluate cement plug sealing performance with low complexity while maintaining reliability, a conventional ultrasonic cement analyzer (UCA) was modified to enable simultaneous measurement of interface stress development. Similar to the 2-in. and 8-in. plug sealing evaluation setups, this modified UCA vessel was equipped with a lateral pressure-temperature sensor, to monitor interface stress between the cement and vessel wall with time.
For this contribution, multiple cement slurries were cured and evaluated in the 2-in. and 8-in. plug evaluation setups, as well as in this newly developed modified UCA vessel. Strong correlations were found among the stress buildups in all three setups. This enables the modified UCA test results to be used as a proxy for sealing performance of P&A cement plugs under downhole conditions.
Larger risk-taking by non-native than native shrimp: an advantage in a human-disturbed environment?
Authors: Gómez Alfredo Escanciano , Ipenburg Charlotte , Candolin Ulrika 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe invasion of foreign species into ecosystems is a growing problem. To control their spread and population growth, knowledge is needed on the factors that facilitate or impede their invasion success. Traits often associated with invasion success are high activity, boldness, and aggression. However, these traits also make invaders more susceptible to predation, which could curb their population growth. We investigated if a recent invader into the Baltic Sea, the shrimpPalaemon elegans, differs in risk-taking from a native shrimp,P. adspersus, regarding activity, habitat choice, and response to perceived predation threat. We found the invading shrimp to take larger risks than the native shrimp; it did not adjust its behaviour – activity, aggression, and foraging – to habitat structure, while the native shrimp did, and it resumed normal activity after a perceived predation threat sooner than the native shrimp. Despite the greater risk taking, the non-native shrimp population has grown rapidly during the last two decades and is now larger than the native one. We discuss plausible explanations for the population growth, including the recent decline in predatory fishes that could have reduced the cost of risk-taking, and anthropogenic eutrophication that has increased the abundance of food and could have allowed the population growth. Thus, human-induced changes to the environment may have altered the costs and benefits of risk-taking and benefitted the non-native shrimp. These results stress the need to assess the impact of human-induced environmental changes on optimal behaviour when evaluating the factors that influence invasion success in disturbed environments.
Structural reconstruction of mouse acute aortic dissection by intravenously administrated human-Muse cells without immunosuppression
Authors: Takahashi Makoto , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Dezawa Mari , Kushida Yoshihiro , Kuroda Yasumasa , Wakao Shohei , Sugimoto Hiroyuki , Horibata Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Stanford type B acute aortic dissection (Stanford-B AAD) is often fatal. Endogenous pluripotent-like Muse cells selectively home to damaged tissue via sphingosine-1-phosphate, phagocytose damaged cells to differentiate into the damaged cell type and ultimately repair the tissue. Here we show the therapeutic efficacy of a single dose (50,000 cells) intravenous injection of human Muse cells in a Stanford-B AAD mouse model without immunosuppression. Homing to the AAD tissue, on-site differentiation into aorta constituent cells, elastin production, elastic fiber reorganization, alleviation of inflammatory cell migration, mitigation of aortic diameter expansion, aortic rupture avoidance, and survival rate improvement were superior in the Muse group when compared to the human mesenchymal stem cell (750,000 cells, containing 50,000 Muse cells) group. HLA-G expression was found to be integral for protecting Muse cells from immunorejection. Therefore, a small dose of purified Muse cells might be more effective than a large dose of MSCs for AAD.
Levitation by a dipole electric field
Authors: Hong Tzay-Ming , Tsai Ping-Rui , Huang Hong-Yue , Hsieh Jih-Kang , Cheng Yu-Ting , Lai Cheng-Wei , Kao Yu-Hsuan , Lin Po-Heng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The phenomenon of anti-gravity can be fascinating in any field, with its presence seen in art, films and scientific research. This phenomenon is a captivating and pertinent subject with practical applications, such as Penning traps for antimatter confinement and Ion traps as essential architectures for quantum computing models. In our project, we reproduced the 1893 water bridge experiment using glycerol and firstly observed that lump-like macroscopic dipole moments can undergo near-periodic oscillations that exhibit anti-gravity effects and do not need classical bridge form. By combining our experimental findings with dynamic analysis, artificial neural networks, and theory, we established the force acting on the antigravity mechanism. Our discovery challenges the conventional belief that antigravity necessitates a bridge structure and opens up a new perspective, leading to a deeper understanding of the new trap mechanism under strong electric fields with a single pair of electrodes.
Why and how social media addiction affects employee outcomes: role of sleep deprivation in the hospitality industry
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad Imran , Saba Shafique 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of social media addiction, such as sleep deprivation, employee productivity, and engagement among hospitality industry workers.
Method
Using a time-lagged, three-waive survey, this study collected data from 298 employees at international food chain restaurants in Pakistan. Two-step path modelling tested the direct and indirect hypotheses using partial least squares (PLS).
Results
The results revealed that social media addiction negatively influences employee productivity in the hospitality industry. However, the relationship between social media addiction and employee engagement in the hospitality industry was insignificant. Nonetheless, concerning mediated relationships, sleep deprivation was found to be an underlying psychological mechanism in the association between social media addiction, employee productivity, and employee engagement.
Conclusion
Theoretically, this research draws the attention of scholars towards relatively rarely studied variables, such as social media addiction and sleep deprivation, in the hospitality literature. Our findings will also help managers address employee engagement and productivity issues, while understanding the impact of social media addiction and sleep deprivation among hospitality workers.
Synthesis of some Hydrazone derivatives via MgO nanoparticle as a promising and efficient heterogeneous catalyst under solvent-free and ultrasonic conditions
Authors: Moradi Hossein , Moradian Mohsen 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A green protocol with high productivity for synthesizing hydrazone derivatives through condensation method between aromatic hydrazines and aldehydes and ketones is described. In this procedure, we used magnesium oxide nanoparticles as a green catalyst to access hydrazones under solvent-free and ultrasonic conditions. The present strategy provided essential improvements for the synthesis of hydrazones including clean reaction, non-acidic and solvent-free conditions. The MgO nanoparticle has acid-base bifunctional sites, which make it an appropriate candidate for the preparation of synthetically valuable hydrazone derivatives, and all desired compounds were synthesized with high yields under mild conditions.