bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the interaction between ultralight bosons and quantum-corrected black holes
Authors: Guo Rong-Zhen , Yuan Chen , Huang Qing-Guo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Both ultralight dark matter and exploring the quantum nature of black holes are all topics of great interest in gravitational wave astronomy at present. The superradiant instability allows an exotic compact object (ECO) to be surrounded by an ultralight boson cloud, which leads to the emission of gravitational waves and further triggers rich dynamical effects. In this paper, we study the gravitational effects of superradiant instabilities by calculating the energy fluxes of gravitational waves emitted from ultralight scalar dark matter fields by solving the Teukolsky equation in the background of a massive ECO phenomenologically described by a Kerr geometry with a reflective boundary condition at its physical boundary. We find that both the amplitude and phase of the reflectivity will either suppress or enhance the energy flux of GWs by several orders of magnitude if Mμ ≳ 0.5 where M and μ are the mass of ECO and boson, respectively. However, the modifications to energy flux are negligible if Mμ ≲ 0.5. Our results suggest that reflectivity will play a significant role in the near-horizon physics of ECO.
Manifestly unitary cosmological perturbation theory
Authors: Christeas Panagiotis , Thomas Logan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The next decade will feature an abundance of novel cosmological data, while many fundamental questions about inflation remain. Given this, there is ample need for maximally efficient calculations, especially in non-standard scenarios for the early Universe. In inflationary cosmology, observables are computed within the framework of in-in perturbation theory. Weinberg introduced a now-widely used re-organization of perturbation theory for in-in calculations. There is a subtle difference in the iϵ prescriptions of Weinberg's perturbation series with traditional in-in, which could interfere with the projection onto the interacting vacuum. In this work, we show that a small adjustment to Weinberg's perturbation series yields agreement with standard in-in at every order of perturbation theory for commonly studied spins and masses in de Sitter spacetime. We then generalize the result to a large class of cosmological spacetimes, including slow roll spacetimes.
Investigation of thermal effect on the output characteristics of end-pumped Ho:YLF laser in concave–concave and concave–convex resonators
Authors: Tooski Majid Babaiy , Maleki Abbas , Ebadian Hassan , Zamani Majid , nejhad Hamid Salmani 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The thermal effect on the output characteristics was analyzed in an end-pumped Ho:YLF laser by applying the Kirchhoff integral analytic solution and finite element analysis using LASCAD software. At a Tm:fiber laser power of 70 W, the maximum temperature of a Ho:YLF crystal with 8 mm diameter was found to be 297.6 K. The temperature distribution results of the two calculation methods were matched with an acceptable error. The calculated thermal lens focal length for the maximum power was −985 and −976 mm in the 3 and 8 mm diameter rods, respectively. The simulation results showed that for the larger diameter crystal, the thermal lens effect is less. Moreover, in this study, the calculation results were validated as experimental results. A focal length of the thermal lens of −1012.6 ± 101.26 mm at double-pass pumping was measured. The experimental study showed that laser characteristics such as the far-field divergence angle were improved in the concave–convex resonator with 0.5% Ho:YLF crystal. The experimentally measured divergence angle was 0.7 mrad, which confirms the simulation results. The output power was 13.5 W, corresponding to 19.3% optical-to-optical efficiency.
Tunable single-longitudinal-mode narrow linewidth Brillouin fiber laser based on PT symmetry
Authors: Tao Liuyuan , Wang Fei , Xia Guangqiong , Wu Zhengmao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A tunable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) narrow linewidth Brillouin fiber laser based on parity-time (PT) symmetry is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed scheme, the dual selecting-mode mechanism is employed to achieve the SLM operation. The first, a narrow-band gain curve induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) can be acted as a filter for selecting mode preliminary in the fiber ring cavity. The second, a PT-symmetric structure is formed by using a Sagnac loop, in which by adjusting a single polarization controller, the PT symmetry can be broken, resulting in the SLM oscillation. The SBS effect can be further beneficial to the linewidth narrowing. Using the proposed scheme, the SLM lasing with an optical signal to noise ratio of 50.1 dB and an ultra-narrow linewidth of 300 Hz at 1547.90 nm is obtained. Compared with the original linewidth of pump laser, the linewidth-reduction ratio can be up to 680 times. The available wavelength ranges from 1528.4 to 1563.4 nm, covering 35 nm. The key advantage of the proposed laser is that by constructing a simple Sagnac loop, the SLM selection based on PT symmetry and linewidth narrowing benefiting from SBS effect are accomplished simultaneously. Moreover, it is worth noting that the wavelength tunability is virtually unrestricted, only depending on the pump wavelength.
486 nm pulsed Nd:YLF laser with intracavity sum-frequency mixing
Authors: Zhang Jiale , Ma Jian , Lu Tingting , Zhu Xiaolei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
An intracavity sum-frequency pulsed laser emitting at 486 nm was demonstrated in a combined cavity for two electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YLF fundamental lasers emitting at 908 nm and 1047 nm respectively. Pumped by two 806 nm LDs at 50 Hz repetition rate, while the intracavity pulse energy reached 6.25 mJ at 908 nm and 2.57 mJ at 1047 nm, maximum output pulse energy of 0.26 mJ at 486.4 nm wavelength was successfully achieved by intracavity sum-frequency. The corresponding spectral bandwidth was less than 0.08 nm, and the pulse width was about 11.8 ns. The peak power of the blue laser pulse was up to 21.8 kW, and the results provided a new blue pulsed laser source around 486 nm for ocean detection applications.
GEANT4 simulation and spectrum restoration of a pixelated X-ray detector
Authors: Tykhonov Andrii , Winkler Alexander , Smoliar Volodymyr 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We perform a detailed simulation of a pixelated CdTe detector using the GEANT4 toolkit completed with a custom code emulating the detector's electronic response. We demonstrate that a measured tungsten X-ray spectrum can be majorly restored back to the original incident spectrum using the developed model, without requiring the dedicated hardware charge sharing correction.
Hydrodynamic gauge fixing and higher order hydrodynamic expansion
Authors: De Nardis Jacopo , Doyon Benjamin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Hydrodynamics is a powerful emergent theory for the large-scale behaviours in many-body systems, quantum or classical. It is a gradient series expansion, where different orders of spatial derivatives provide an effective description on different length scales. We report the first fully general derivation of third-order, or ‘dispersive’, terms in the hydrodynamic expansion. Our derivation is based on general principles of statistical mechanics, along with the assumption that the complete set of local and quasi-local conserved densities constitutes a good set of emergent degrees of freedom. We obtain fully general Kubo-like expressions for the associated hydrodynamic coefficients (also known as Burnett coefficients), and we determine their exact form in quantum integrable models, introducing in this way purely quantum higher-order terms into generalised hydrodynamics. We emphasise the importance of hydrodynamic gauge fixing at diffusive order, where we claim that it is parity-time-reversal, and not time-reversal, invariance that is at the source of Einstein’s relation, Onsager’s reciprocal relations, the Kubo formula and entropy production. At higher hydrodynamic orders we introduce a more general, nth order ‘symmetric’ gauge, which we show implies the validity of the higher-order hydrodynamic description.
Highly confined low-loss light transmission in linear array-enabled hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Authors: Qin Yimian , Ma Cunbao , Huang Lihao , Yuan Yufeng , Sha Minggong , Ye Xinli , Zheng Kai 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Deep subwavelength highly confined and long-range optical propagation is vital for photonics integration. However, the performance of the guided mode could be improved by the trade-off between light confinement and loss. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance hybrid waveguide consisting of a high-index nanowire separated from a linear array by a low-index dielectric gap. The array significantly achieves the plasmonic platform optimization based on a linear combination of few-layer graphene (FLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) layers. Through the hybridization of graphene plasmon polaritons and hyperbolic phonon polaritons mode, the resulting hybrid waveguide shows at least double times larger propagation distance and smaller mode area than the multilayer waveguide. Further, modulated by altering material configuration and geometric effects, the mode properties reveal that it is more flexible to adjust the optical transmission, along with a strong deep-subwavelength mode with low loss. Because of highly confined low-loss propagation, the hybrid waveguide is expected to be an excellent building block for various mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits. The present structure also has the potential to be extended to other FLGs, like magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and trilayer graphene/hBN moiré superlattice.
In-mold electronics applications: the control of ink properties through the use of mixtures of electrically conductive pastes
Authors: Miliciani Michele , Mendicino Gian Maria , DeMeuse Mark T 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Polymer thick films compatible with a thermoforming process are the key components to realize the next generation of human–machine interface and lighting with a 3D custom shape through an in-mold process. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a tailored combination of commercial pastes can offer the manufacturer more freedom in developing smart electronic devices. A four-point probe instrument was used to measure the resistivity of the printed circuit. We used the same formed printed sample to estimate the level of elongation under the thermoforming process due to the all-in-one screen design developed for the study. The important objective of this work was to form a paste which should withstand such operations without losing physical properties such as conductivity or adhesion or getting lines cracked.
Entanglement-assisted multi-aperture pulse-compression radar for angle resolving detection
Authors: Wu Bo-Han , Guha Saikat , Zhuang Quntao 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Entanglement has been known to boost target detection, despite it being destroyed by lossy-noisy propagation. Recently, Zhuang and Shapiro (2022 Phys. Rev. Lett.
128 010501) proposed a quantum pulse-compression radar to extend entanglement’s benefit to target range estimation. In a radar application, many other aspects of the target are of interest, including angle, velocity and cross section. In this study, we propose a dual-receiver radar scheme that employs a high time-bandwidth product microwave pulse entangled with a pre-shared reference signal available at the receiver, to investigate the direction of a distant object and show that the direction-resolving capability is significantly improved by entanglement, compared to its classical counterpart under the same parameter settings. We identify the applicable scenario of this quantum radar to be short-range and high-frequency, which enables entanglement’s benefit in a reasonable integration time.
3D printed variable aperture horn with modular ridges
Authors: Goode Ian , Saavedra Carlos E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
3D printing technology has significant potential to modernize the student laboratory experience in the area of electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering. In this contribution, a fast and low-cost method to 3D print and metallize a variable aperture horn and waveguide launcher are presented. The launcher converts a SubMiniature version A (SMA) coaxial connector to WR 187 waveguide (standard size of waveguide for 3.95 GHz to 5.85 GHz) and is printed from plastic while being metallized with aluminum tape. The launcher provided similar performance to an off the shelf launcher at one 40th the cost. As a teachable extension to this launcher a variable aperture horn is 3D printed and metallized with aluminum tape. The aperture area of the horn is changed by rotating the

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walls of the horn away from each other by use of pivot in the transition between the launcher and the horn. This horn showed the expected decrease in beamwidth and increase in peak gain as the aperture area was increased while maintaining a usable impedance match. Modular center ridges were also printed to demonstrate the utility of center ridges in a horn antenna without

H

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walls. Overall, a modular, inexpensive, and easy to construct waveguide system is presented that is useful for teaching electromagnetics specifically the relationship between aperture area and antenna gain, as well as providing a platform for waveguide experiments.
Prevalence of alcohol use amongst sexual and gender minority (LGBTQ+) communities in the UK: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Meads Catherine , Zeeman Laetitia , Sherriff Nigel , Aranda Kay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: globally, alcohol use rates vary by sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI), but UK government statistics on alcohol use in the LGBTQ+ population are missing. Aim: this systematic scoping review determined the prevalence of alcohol use amongst gender and sexual minority people in the UK. Methods: empirical UK studies from 2010 onwards reporting the prevalence of alcohol use in SOGI compared with heterosexual/cisgender people were included. Searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Google, charity websites and systematic reviews were conducted in October 2021, using SOGI, alcohol and prevalence terms. Citation checking was done by two authors, with disagreements resolved through discussion. Data extraction was done by one author (CM) and checked by another (LZ). Quality assessment was performed by study design, sample type and statistical analysis of results. A narrative synthesis was qualitatively combined with a tabular presentation of results. Results: database and website searches found 6607 potentially relevant citations, and 505 full texts were reviewed with 20 studies included, found in 21 publications and grey literature reports. Most were on sexual orientation, including 12 from large cohort studies. Harmful alcohol use is higher in LGBTQ+ people than heterosexual people in the UK, a result similar to that found in other countries. Qualitative data reflected alcohol’s role as emotional support. Fewer asexual people drank alcohol compared with allosexual people, and there were no data available regarding intersex people. Conclusion: funded cohort studies and service providers should routinely collect SOGI data. Standardized reporting of SOGI and alcohol use would improve comparability across studies.
Recent application of artificial intelligence on histopathologic image-based prediction of gene mutation in solid cancers
Authors: Alam Mohammad Rizwan , Seo Kyung Jin , Abdul-Ghafar Jamshid , Yim Kwangil , Lee Sung Hak , Jang Hyun-Jong , Jung Chan Kwon , Chong Yosep 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Purpose
Evaluation of genetic mutations in cancers is important because distinct mutational profiles help determine individualized drug therapy. However, molecular analyses are not routinely performed in all cancers because they are expensive, time-consuming and not universally available. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown the potential to determine a wide range of genetic mutations on histologic image analysis. Here, we assessed the status of mutation prediction AI models on histologic images by a systematic review.

Methods
A literature search using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases was conducted in August 2021. The articles were shortlisted by titles and abstracts. After a full-text review, publication trends, study characteristic analysis and comparison of performance metrics were performed.

Results
Twenty-four studies were found mostly from developed countries, and their number is increasing. The major targets were gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecological, lung and head and neck cancers. Most studies used the Cancer Genome Atlas, with a few using an in-house dataset. The area under the curve of some of the cancer driver gene mutations in particular organs was satisfactory, such as 0.92 of BRAF in thyroid cancers and 0.79 of EGFR in lung cancers, whereas the average of all gene mutations was 0.64, which is still suboptimal.

Conclusion
AI has the potential to predict gene mutations on histologic images with appropriate caution. Further validation with larger datasets is still required before AI models can be used in clinical practice to predict gene mutations.
A survey on computational strategies for genome-resolved gut metagenomics
Authors: Jia Longhao , Wu Yingjian , Dong Yanqi , Chen Jingchao , Chen Wei-Hua , Zhao Xing-Ming 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecovering high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (HQ-MAGs) is critical for exploring microbial compositions and microbe–phenotype associations. However, multiple sequencing platforms and computational tools for this purpose may confuse researchers and thus call for extensive evaluation. Here, we systematically evaluated a total of 40 combinations of popular computational tools and sequencing platforms (i.e. strategies), involving eight assemblers, eight metagenomic binners and four sequencing technologies, including short-, long-read and metaHiC sequencing. We identified the best tools for the individual tasks (e.g. the assembly and binning) and combinations (e.g. generating more HQ-MAGs) depending on the availability of the sequencing data. We found that the combination of the hybrid assemblies and metaHiC-based binning performed best, followed by the hybrid and long-read assemblies. More importantly, both long-read and metaHiC sequencings link more mobile elements and antibiotic resistance genes to bacterial hosts and improve the quality of public human gut reference genomes with 32% (34/105) HQ-MAGs that were either of better quality than those in the Unified Human Gastrointestinal Genome catalog version 2 or novel.
Predicting allosteric pockets in protein biological assemblages
Authors: Kumar Ambuj , Kaynak Burak T , Dorman Karin S , Doruker Pemra , Jernigan Robert L 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Allostery enables changes to the dynamic behavior of a protein at distant positions induced by binding. Here, we present APOP, a new allosteric pocket prediction method, which perturbs the pockets formed in the structure by stiffening pairwise interactions in the elastic network across the pocket, to emulate ligand binding. Ranking the pockets based on the shifts in the global mode frequencies, as well as their mean local hydrophobicities, leads to high prediction success when tested on a dataset of allosteric proteins, composed of both monomers and multimeric assemblages.

Results
Out of the 104 test cases, APOP predicts known allosteric pockets for 92 within the top 3 rank out of multiple pockets available in the protein. In addition, we demonstrate that APOP can also find new alternative allosteric pockets in proteins. Particularly interesting findings are the discovery of previously overlooked large pockets located in the centers of many protein biological assemblages; binding of ligands at these sites would likely be particularly effective in changing the protein’s global dynamics.

Availability and implementation
APOP is freely available as an open-source code (https://github.com/Ambuj-UF/APOP) and as a web server at https://apop.bb.iastate.edu/.
Brain tumour segmentation with incomplete imaging data
Authors: Ruffle James K , Mohinta Samia , Gray Robert , Hyare Harpreet , Nachev Parashkev 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Progress in neuro-oncology is increasingly recognized to be obstructed by the marked heterogeneity—genetic, pathological, and clinical—of brain tumours. If the treatment susceptibilities and outcomes of individual patients differ widely, determined by the interactions of many multimodal characteristics, then large-scale, fully-inclusive, richly phenotyped data—including imaging—will be needed to predict them at the individual level. Such data can realistically be acquired only in the routine clinical stream, where its quality is inevitably degraded by the constraints of real-world clinical care. Although contemporary machine learning could theoretically provide a solution to this task, especially in the domain of imaging, its ability to cope with realistic, incomplete, low-quality data is yet to be determined. In the largest and most comprehensive study of its kind, applying state-of-the-art brain tumour segmentation models to large scale, multi-site MRI data of 1251 individuals, here we quantify the comparative fidelity of automated segmentation models drawn from MR data replicating the various levels of completeness observed in real life. We demonstrate that models trained on incomplete data can segment lesions very well, often equivalently to those trained on the full completement of images, exhibiting Dice coefficients of 0.907 (single sequence) to 0.945 (complete set) for whole tumours and 0.701 (single sequence) to 0.891 (complete set) for component tissue types. This finding opens the door both to the application of segmentation models to large-scale historical data, for the purpose of building treatment and outcome predictive models, and their application to real-world clinical care. We further ascertain that segmentation models can accurately detect enhancing tumour in the absence of contrast-enhancing imaging, quantifying the burden of enhancing tumour with an R2 &gt; 0.97, varying negligibly with lesion morphology. Such models can quantify enhancing tumour without the administration of intravenous contrast, inviting a revision of the notion of tumour enhancement if the same information can be extracted without contrast-enhanced imaging. Our analysis includes validation on a heterogeneous, real-world 50 patient sample of brain tumour imaging acquired over the last 15 years at our tertiary centre, demonstrating maintained accuracy even on non-isotropic MRI acquisitions, or even on complex post-operative imaging with tumour recurrence. This work substantially extends the translational opportunity for quantitative analysis to clinical situations where the full complement of sequences is not available and potentially enables the characterization of contrast-enhanced regions where contrast administration is infeasible or undesirable.