bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of electrically induced defects in monolayer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Ansh Ansh , Patbhaje Utpreksh , Kumar Jeevesh , Meersha Adil , Shrivastava Mayank 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDefects in MoS2 play substantial role in determining the performance of MoS2-based field-effect transistors. Typically, growth/synthesis process conditions determine the type and concentration of defects. Here, we show that defects are also introduced by prolonged operation of single crystal chemical vapor deposition-grown monolayer MoS2 transistors which hinder the overall performance. Depending on the electrical stress conditions, these defects result in threshold voltage instabilities, enhanced channel conductance, improved screening of charged impurity scattering sites and possibly better thermal management in MoS2 transistors. It turns out that a piezoelectric response in MoS2 leads to permanent change in the material’s molecular configuration thereby causing other effects like suppressed hopping transport within the channel, increased free electron concentration, prominent metal-insulator transition and reduction in channel potential with or without increasing sulfur vacancy concentration. As these defects are progressively introduced in the channel, the thermal dissipation capability of our MoS2 transistors improved due to enhanced channel-dielectric coupling. Such variations in the device performance due to spontaneous response to high electric field trigger a need to reconsider supply voltage requirements of MoS2-based electronic circuits for low-power logic applications.
Improving performances of the electrode/electrolyte interfaceviathe regulation of solvation complexes: a review and prospect
Authors: Quan Yin , Wu Shumin , Yang Kerong , Hu Ling , Zhang Xiaojuan , Hu Xinyi , Liang Hongcheng , Li Shiyou 
Published: February 2023

This minireview summarizes the effects of solvation complexes on the composition of EEI film and Li+ desolvation process from the perspective of the electrolyte and further clarifies the internal mechanism of the electrolyte composition.
The Impact of Cervical Spinal Disease on Pharyngeal Swallowing Function
Authors: Walters Rameen K. , Gudipudi Rachana , Davidson Kate , Cooke Melissa , Barengo Jenna , Smyre Drasti , Garand Kendrea L. , Martin-Harris Bonnie , Matheus Maria G. , Nguyen Shaun A. , O'Rourke Ashli K. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Spinal pathology is very common with advancing age and can cause dysphagia; however, it is unclear how frequently these pathologies affect swallowing function. This study evaluates how cervical spinal pathology may impact swallowing function in dysphagic individuals observed during videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs).

Method:
A retrospective case–control study was performed on 100 individuals with dysphagia as well as age-/gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) with available VFSS. Spinal anatomy of patients was classified into two predetermined categories, and a consensus decision of whether spinal pathology influenced swallowing physiology was made. Validated swallow metrics, including Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) component scores, Penetration–Aspiration Scale (PAS) maximum scores, and 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) scores, were compared between the spine-associated dysphagia (SAD), non-SAD (NSAD), and HC groups using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Most patients with dysphagia had spinal pathology. Spinal pathology was judged to be the primary etiology of dysphagia in 16.9% of patients with abnormal spine pathology. Median EAT-10 scores were statistically different among the three groups, with the NSAD group scoring the highest and the HC group scoring the lowest. Similarly, median PAS scores were significantly different between dysphagic groups and HCs. Median MBSImP Oral Total scores were significantly different only between the NSAD group and HCs, whereas Pharyngeal Total score was not significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions:
Spinal pathology is commonly observed during VFSS and can contribute to dysphagia, resulting in worse swallowing-related outcomes when compared with HCs. Patients judged to have SAD tended to have better outcomes than patients with dysphagia from other etiologies, perhaps due to the progressive nature of spinal disease that allows for compensatory swallowing physiology over time.
Spread the Word: Enhancing Replicability of Speech Research Through Stimulus Sharing
Authors: Strand Julia F. , Brown Violet A. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
The ongoing replication crisis within and beyond psychology has revealed the numerous ways in which flexibility in the research process can affect study outcomes. In speech research, examples of these “researcher degrees of freedom” include the particular syllables, words, or sentences presented; the talkers who produce the stimuli and the instructions given to them; the population tested; whether and how stimuli are matched on amplitude; the type of masking noise used and its presentation level; and many others. In this research note, we argue that even seemingly minor methodological choices have the potential to affect study outcomes. To that end, we present a reanalysis of six existing data sets on spoken word identification in noise to assess how differences in talkers, stimulus processing, masking type, and listeners affect identification accuracy.

Conclusions:
Our reanalysis revealed relatively low correlations among word identification rates across studies. The data suggest that some of the seemingly innocuous methodological details that differ across studies—details that cannot possibly be reported in text given the idiosyncrasies inherent to speech—introduce unknown variability that may affect replicability of our findings. We therefore argue that publicly sharing stimuli is a crucial step toward improved replicability in speech research.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21985907
Telepractice in the Treatment of Speech and Voice Disorders: What Could the Future Look Like?
Authors: Mallipeddi Nathan V. , Mehrotra Ateev , Van Stan Jarrad H. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
There is an ongoing technological revolution in the clinical tools used by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) to care for patients. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the pace of change and the shift to telepractice. Telepractice will continue to play a large role after the pandemic, but it is unclear what the future may look like. Our goal is to give SLPs an overview of how recent technological innovations may enhance synchronous treatment, enable asynchronous treatment, and broadly modify traditional clinical practice patterns while the patient spends less time in the clinic.

Conclusions:
Newer telepractice tools such as remote patient monitoring, digital phenotyping, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence may improve the therapeutic process by addressing the shortage of SLPs and the transition of therapy practices to the real world. We also highlight key barriers to this future, including lack of rigorous trials of advanced technologies and state licensure regulations.
Comprehensive analysis of LILR family genes expression and tumour‐infiltrating immune cells in early‐stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Gao Qiang , Mo Shutian , Han Chuangye , Liao Xiwen , Yang Chengkun , Wang Xiangkun , Liang Tianyi , He Yongfei , Chen Zijun , Zhu Guangzhi , Su Hao , Ye Xinping , Peng Tao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLeucocyte immunoglobulin‐like receptors (LILRs) are closely related to tumourigenesis, but their clinical value in early‐stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains unknown. Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models is used to investigate the association between LILR expression and prognosis in tumour biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Risk score was calculated for each patient based on the prognostic model. DAVID, STRING, GeneMANIA, and GSEA were used to conduct pathway and functional analyses. The CIBERSORT algorithm is used to analyse tumour‐infiltrating immune cells. Survival analysis showed that high levels of LILRA4 (p = 0.006) and LILRB4 (p = 0.04) were significantly associated with better overall survival. High levels of LILRA2 (p = 0.008) and LILRB4 (p = 0.038) were significantly associated with better relapse‐free survival. JAK‐STAT signalling pathway, regulation of T cell activation, regulation of the immune effector process, and tumour necrosis factor superfamily cytokine production were involved in molecular mechanisms that affected poor prognoses in the high‐risk group in GSEA. CIBERSORT demonstrated that the high‐risk group had significantly higher infiltrating fraction of memory‐activated CD4 T cells and activated NK cells and lower fraction of resting dendritic cells and neutrophils. LILRB4 plays crucial roles in affecting the clinical outcomes of early‐stage PDAC.
Abundance and temperature of the outer hot circumgalactic medium
Authors: Ponti G. , Zheng X. , Locatelli N. , Bianchi S. , Zhang Y. , Anastasopoulou K. , Comparat J. , Dennerl K. , Freyberg M. , Haberl F. , Merloni A. , Reiprich T. H. , Salvato M. , Sanders J. , Sasaki M. , Strong A. , Yeung M. C. H. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Despite their vital importance to understanding galaxy evolution and our own Galactic ecosystem, our knowledge of the physical properties of the hot X-ray emitting phase of the Milky Way is still inadequate. However, sensitive SRG/eROSITA large area surveys are now providing us with the long-sought data needed to mend this state of affairs.
Aims. Our aim is to constrain the properties of the Milky Way hot halo emission toward intermediate Galactic latitudes close to the Galactic anti-center.
Methods. We analyzed the spectral properties of the integrated soft X-ray emission observed by eROSITA in the relatively deep eFEDS field.
Results. We observe a flux of 12.6 and 5.1 × 10−12 erg cm−2 s−1 deg−2 in the total (0.3–2) and soft (0.3–0.6 keV) band. We measure the temperature and metal (oxygen) abundance of the hot circumgalactic medium (CGM) to be within kTCGM = 0.153–0.178 keV and ZCGM = 0.052–0.072 Z⊙, depending on the contribution of solar wind charge exchange (SWCX). Slightly higher CGM abundances ZCGM = 0.05–0.10 Z⊙ are possible, considering the uncertain extrapolation of the extragalactic cosmic X-ray background (CXB) emission below ~1 keV. To recover CGM abundances as high as ZCGM = 0.3 Z⊙, the presence of an additional component must be postulated, likely associated with the warm-hot intergalactic medium, providing ~15–20% of the flux in the soft X-ray band. We observe line widths of the CGM plasma smaller than Δυ ≤ 500 km s−1.
The emission in the soft band is dominated (~47%) by the circumgalactic medium (CGM), whose contribution reduces to ~30% if heliospheric SWCX contributes at the level of ~15% also during solar minimum. The remaining flux is provided by the CXB (~33%) and the local hot bubble (~18%). Moreover, the eROSITA data require the presence of an additional component associated with the elusive Galactic corona plus a possible contribution from unresolved M dwarf stars. This component has a temperature of kT ~ 0.4– 0.7 keV, a considerable (~ kiloparsec) scale height, and might be out of thermal equilibrium. It contributes ~9% to the total emission in the 0.6—2 keV band, and is therefore a likely candidate to produce part of the unresolved CXB flux observed in X-ray ultra-deep fields. We also observe a significant contribution to the soft X-ray flux due to SWCX, during periods characterized by stronger solar wind activity, and causing the largest uncertainty on the determination of the CGM temperature.
Conclusions. We constrain temperature, emission measure, abundances, thermal state, and spectral shape of the outer hot CGM of the Milky Way.
Seropositivity Pattern of Human Cystic Echinococcosis at a Tertiary Care Hospital of India
Authors: Das Rojaleen , Gupta Varuna , Khullar Swati , Verma Nishant , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE), even after several control measures, causes significant morbidity throughout the world. Besides imaging investigation technology, the serological tests are essential for both diagnosis and management of this slowly progressive disease. The present study was a hospital-based retrospective study that examined the seropositivity rate for Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato antibody in patients suspected of CE at our tertiary health care center over 8 years from 2013 to 2020. Records of new visits to hospital/clinics and associated hospital discharge constituted the denominator of calculation. All samples were tested using commercially available indirect immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. A total of 925 suspected patients with a clinical diagnosis of CE were screened. The age group that commonly tested positive for CE was 20 to 39 years, and liver was the predominant organ found to be affected. The seropositive rate was 41.2%. On further year-wise analysis, it was observed that the seropositivity rate had significantly declined from 61.4% in 2013 to 33.8% in 2020. This study clearly showed that there is a by 27.6% decline of CE seropositivity rate in 8 years. This declining rate may be attributed to improved socioeconomic status and better implementation of health programs.
Effects of Low versus Intermediate Doses of Dexmedetomidine Infusion on Blood Loss, Hemodynamics, and Operative Time in Transsphenoidal Pituitary Tumor Removal: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Muangman Saipin , Raksakietisak Manee , Akavipat Phuping , Rushatamukayanunt Pranee , Akkaworakit Sirinuttakul , Romkespikun Natthaporn , Mahatnirunkul Porntip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, has been widely used as an anesthetic adjunct for transsphenoidal pituitary resection. However, there is no consensus on the appropriate infusion dosage. This study aimed to compare the effects of low (0.2 mcg/kg/h) and intermediate (0.5 mcg/kg/h) dexmedetomidine infusions during anesthetic maintenance on blood loss, hemodynamics, and operating time.
Methods A randomized controlled trial involving two centers was conducted. Between December 2015 and November 2019, 80 patients (40 in each group) who underwent elective transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection were recruited. Dexmedetomidine was administered to group I at a loading dose of 0.5 mcg/kg, followed by 0.2 mcg/kg/h, and to group II at the same loading dose, followed by 0.5 mcg/kg/h. Comparative analyses were performed using the Student's t-test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and Mann–Whitney U test; p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results Eighty patients were analyzed. Patient demographics were comparable. The difference in intraoperative blood loss between both groups (320 [220–525] vs. 250 [100-487] mL, p = 0.070) was not statistically significant. There were no differences in blood pressure or heart rate between the groups. In group II, the procedure took significantly less time (179 vs. 142 minutes, p = 0.018), with more episodes of transient hypotension (p = 0.034).
Conclusion When maintaining anesthesia for transsphenoidal pituitary resection, dexmedetomidine infusions of 0.2 and 0.5 mcg/kg/h showed the same effect on blood loss and hemodynamics; however, significantly more episodes of transient hypotension and shorter operating times were noted with the latter.
Selection of Neurosurgical Applicants in the High-Income Developing Country Lacking Local Residency Program: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al-Habsi Jehad , Alhabsi Fatema , Al-Jahwari Sara , Al-Saadi Tariq 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background Neurosurgery residency became one of the most competitive specialties in the medical field worldwide, which is increasing with time in contrast to the limited positions. Therefore, the requirements for the program have increased. There are different criteria for each program, which are determined by specific factors. It has become increasingly important for medical students to be aware of the factors that affect their acceptance into the program. There was a lack of data regarding the factors that contribute to the selection of neurosurgery residents in Oman
Methods A questionnaire composed of 14 questions was conducted, using the SurveyMonkey Web site, among neurosurgeons in Oman which was distributed to the five hospitals that have neurosurgery departments in Oman. SPSS software was used in the analysis of the collected data.
Results Forty-four participants responded to the survey. Ninety-five percent of them answered all the questions. Out of all participants, only two were female participants. Standardized international exam scores, such as the United State Medical Licensing Examination and Medical Council of Canada Qualifying Examination, ranked as the most important factor with a percentage of 44, followed by interview performance with a percentage of 33. While the least important factor was the age of applicants, which 46% of the participants ranked 8.
Conclusion Most of the participants agreed that standardized exams are the most important factor in the selection of neurosurgery residents followed by interview performance, although there was no significant statistical difference between the two.
Thin-film (Al)BCN materials synthesized by sequential precursor pulses to mimic atomic layer deposition
Authors: Apaydin Ramazan O. , Aarnink Antonius A. I. , Gravesteijn Dirk J. , de Jong Michel P. , Kovalgin Alexey Y. 
Published: February 2023

This work brings novel insights into the existing knowledge on the deposition of films containing boron (B), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and aluminum (Al). The (Al)BCN films are obtained at low substrate temperatures (TS) of 250–400 °C from triethylborane, ammonia (NH3), and trimethylaluminum. For BCN films, a nearly similar elemental composition of B0.42C0.41N0.15O0.02, with 1–2 at. % variations, is observed for substantial ranges of TS and NH3-exposure time. This can indicate a similar growth mechanism and/or formation of a single-phase material. While excluding precursor underdosing, a remarkable dependence of growth rate per cycle (GPC) on total gas pressure (Ptot) is observed. The GPC approaches near saturation regime for Ptot between 1 and 10 mbar, for TS = 330–375 °C, which might support the occurrence of a surface-adduct assisted pathway. The level of GPC saturation is influenced by TS. For a wide range of process conditions, N-share in the films slightly varies between 12 and 16 at. %. C-share only changes between 40 and 42 at. %. The attempt to increase N-share by dissociating NH3 into NH2 radicals by hot wire assistance remarkably shows the opposite effect, i.e., a decrease in the N-share from 15 to 6 at. %. This is accompanied by a corresponding increase in the B- and, in particular, C-shares, suggesting that the removal of carbon can occur via the incorporation of nitrogen. For AlBCN films, changing Ptot has a strong effect on their elemental composition. At Ptot = 10 mbar, Al-deficient films grow, whereas a Ptot of 0.2 mbar leads to mainly AlN-containing films with some inclusions of BN.
Magnetic and transport properties of chiral antiferromagnetic Co2−xPdxMo3N thin films
Authors: Qiang B. W. , Fukasawa T. , Hajiri T. , Ito T. , Hihara T. , Asano H. 
Published: February 2023

Hall transport and non-collinear magnetoresistance (NCMR) are studied for a chiral antiferromagnet (AFM) with the filled β-Mn-type structure. Magnetic and transport properties of epitaxial thin films of Co2−xPdxMo3N revealed that, in addition to a canted antiferromagnetic behavior above room temperature, thin films with x = 1.01∼1.38 exhibited a transition to a spin spiral state with a higher magnetic moment below TSR of around 50 K, which was assigned to a spin reorientation transition. The low-temperature phase shows both large anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and topological Hall effect (THE). Upon the transition to the canted AFM phase existing up to room temperature, the large AHE still persists with vanishing THE. The behavior of the Hall transport properties coupled with NCMR signals in the current-perpendicular-to-the plane configuration shows the formation of topological spin textures with locally antiferromagnetic order. The present results open the way for the study of topological antiferromagnetic spin textures, manipulation of their properties, and for future spintronic applications.
Magnetic transitions and coercive field variations in La1−xSrxMnO3 thin films (0.04 ≤ x ≤ 0.50)
Authors: Pekarek T. M. , Taylor K. , Payne J. A. , Bryant C. T. , Tavera R. Marquez , Brown D. T. , Warusawithana M. P. 
Published: February 2023

We have investigated the electronic and magnetic ground state of La1−xSrxMnO3 thin films, especially around doping x = 0.50 in comparison to the well studied system of x = 0.33 and the low doped system of x = 0.04. The films discussed here were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, epitaxially strained to (001) oriented strontium titanate substrates. Apart from resistivity and magnetization measurements probing the electronic and magnetic ground state, we also study the temperature dependence of the coercive field of these samples. Our measurements reveal that the coercive field increases as the doping is changed from x = 0.33. The coercive field at 5 K for the x = 0.50 sample is Hc = 0.0450 T compared to Hc = 0.0080 T for the x = 0.33 sample. The temperature dependent coercive field measurements on the x = 0.50 sample show a dramatic cusp around 100 K that is coincident with more subtle features observed in both magnetization and resistivity data at this temperature.
Method for measuring magnetic susceptibility of magnetic nanoparticles up to millimeter-wave frequency range
Authors: Pu Youcheng , Tonthat Loi , Murayama Toru , Okita Kazuhiko , Yabukami Shin 
Published: February 2023

A novel method for measuring the complex magnetic susceptibility of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has been developed by a broadband microstrip line-type probe with a frequency range of up to 50 GHz. Two external orthogonal DC fields, Hhard and Heasy, were applied to change the susceptibility of MNPs (Streptavidin coated, 200 nmϕ, number of MNPs about 1010) based on magnetization switching theory. The susceptibility of MNPs in the liquid, solid state, and after biotin-avidin reaction with polymer beads (2 μmϕ, number of polymer beads about 108) was evaluated. A clear FMR frequency of MNPs and the same FMR frequency shift trend as Hhard changed was observed around 2–10 GHz in both liquid and solid states. The susceptibility of MNPs reached maximum when Hhard was 0.1 T which is approximately equal to Heasy (0.135 T). The maximum values of real and imaginary parts increased by a factor of 3.39 and 1.66 compared to when Hhard was 0. The obtained results indicate that the magnetic anisotropy was successfully controlled in the liquid and solid states of MNPs aggregate. Furthermore, after the biotin-avidin reaction of MNPs with polymer beads, the imaginary part of susceptibility showed a decreasing trend regardless of the increase in Hhard, and its half-width expanded by 35.1% at maximum when Hhard was 0.15 T.
Improvement of the magnetic properties of Nd–Fe–B/glass two-layer films deposited on Si substrates
Authors: Nakano M. , Higuchi K. , Yamaguchi H. , Fukuda I. , Yamashita A. , Yanai T. , Shinshi T. , Fukunaga H. 
Published: February 2023

In a previous study, the authors developed Nd–Fe–B/glass two-layer films deposited on Si substrates using pulsed laser deposition for micro electro mechanical systems. Here, the fabrication conditions of the films were investigated to determine the optimum conditions that enhance the magnetic properties of the films. The annealing time in the pulse-annealing process conducted after the deposition was set to 4.0 s at Nd contents of 14 at.–16 at.%. Moreover, the effect of the glass/Nd–Fe–B thickness ratio on the magnetic properties was examined. A ratio less than 2 resulted in an increase in (BH)max up to 80 kJ/m3.