bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cis-regulatory sequence of the selector gene vestigial drives the evolution of wing scaling in Drosophila species
Authors: Farfán-Pira Keity J. , Martínez-Cuevas Teresa I. , Evans Timothy A. , Nahmad Marcos 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Scaling between specific organs and overall body size has long fascinated biologists, being a primary mechanism by which organ shapes evolve. Yet, the genetic mechanisms that underlie the evolution of scaling relationships remain elusive. Here, we compared wing and fore tibia lengths (the latter as a proxy of body size) in Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans, Drosophila ananassae and Drosophila virilis, and show that the first three of these species have roughly a similar wing-to-tibia scaling behavior. In contrast, D. virilis exhibits much smaller wings relative to their body size compared with the other species and this is reflected in the intercept of the wing-to-tibia allometry. We then asked whether the evolution of this relationship could be explained by changes in a specific cis-regulatory region or enhancer that drives expression of the wing selector gene, vestigial (vg), whose function is broadly conserved in insects and contributes to wing size. To test this hypothesis directly, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to replace the DNA sequence of the predicted Quadrant Enhancer (vgQE) from D. virilis for the corresponding vgQE sequence in the genome of D. melanogaster. Strikingly, we discovered that D. melanogaster flies carrying the D. virilis vgQE sequence have wings that are significantly smaller with respect to controls, partially shifting the intercept of the wing-to-tibia scaling relationship towards that observed in D. virilis. We conclude that a single cis-regulatory element in D. virilis contributes to constraining wing size in this species, supporting the hypothesis that scaling could evolve through genetic variations in cis-regulatory elements.
A novel deep learning method for recognizing texts printed with multiple different printing methods
Authors: Koponen Jarmo , Haataja Keijo , Toivanen Pekka 
Published: April 2023

Background: Text recognition of cardboard pharmaceutical packages with machine vision is a challenging task due to the different curvatures of packaging surfaces and different printing methods. Methods: In this research, a novel deep learning method based on regions with convolutional neural networks (R-CNN) for recognizing binarized expiration dates and batch codes printed using different printing methods is proposed. The novel method recognizes the characters in the images without the need to extract handcrafted features. In detail, this approach performs text recognition considering the whole image as an input extracting and learning salient character features straight from packaging surface images. Results: The expiration date and manufacturing batch codes of a real-life pharmaceutical packaging image set are recognized with 91.1% precision with a novel deep learning-based model, while Tesseract OCR text recognition performance with the same image set is 38.3%. The novel model outperformed Tesseract OCR also in tests evaluating recall, accuracy, and F-Measure performance. Furthermore, the novel model was evaluated in terms of multi-object recognition accuracy and the number of unrecognized characters, in order to achieve performance values comparable to existing multi-object recognition methods. Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the novel deep learning method outperforms the well-established optical character recognition method in recognizing texts printed using different printing methods. The novel method presented in the study recognizes texts printed with different printing methods with high precision. The novel deep learning method is suitable for recognizing texts printed on curved surfaces with proper preprocessing. The problem investigated in the study differs from previous research in the field, focusing on the recognition of texts printed with different printing methods. The research thus fills a gap in text recognition that existed in the research of the field. Furthermore, the study presents new ideas that will be utilized in our future research.
impact of indoor air pollution on the lung cancer – literature review
Authors: Korzeniowska Anna , Kozłowska Anna , Maksymowicz Marcela , Machowiec Piotr , Zimna Aleksandra , Wróblewski Hubert , Gąbka Ilona , Dalamata Weronika , Dąbrowski Jan , Gendek Karolina 
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most diagnosed type of cancer and the leading cause of death around the world. The most important risk factor for lung cancer is tobacco smoking. However, there are a lot of other lung cancer risk factors, which include: second-hand smoke exposure, environmental exposures (indoor and outdoor air pollution), occupational exposures, genetic predisposition, and previous lung disease. In this study, we would like to present the actual state of knowledge about the influence of radon as well as other indoor air pollutants on the prevalence of lung cancer.
State of knowledge: We analyzed nineteen studies in terms of the impact of indoor air pollution on morbidity and mortality caused by lung cancer. The authors of the included studies agree that both radon and other household air pollution (HAP) increase risk of the lung cancer. HAPs are formed during the combustion of solid fuels (i.e. charcoal, wood). Indoor air pollution can cause in the lungs chronic inflammation, cells damage and their proliferation, depletion of antioxidants, impairment of defense mechanisms, production of reactive oxygen species as well as genetic mutations. Radon, on the other hand, emits alpha radiation, which can affect the respiratory epithelium and produce various cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, which promote carcinogenesis. The risk of lung cancer rises by approximately 6-16% per 100 Bq/m3 increase in long-time average residential radon concentration.
Conclusions: Radon and other indoor air pollutants are crucial lung cancer risk factors. It is essential to reduce HAPs production, especially in rural areas, where many people still use coal, wood, or straw for household heating and cooking. Moreover, there are regions where is a need to improve ventilation as well as to switch to clean fuel sources, such as gas and electricity. These activities will contribute to reducing the concentration of HAPs in buildings and decreasing the risk of lung cancer.
Dual-mode bidirectional multifunctional chiral metamaterial based on self-complementary resonators
Authors: Wang Yuxin , Yang Rongcao , Zhao Yijia , Tian Jinping , Zhang Wenmei , Ding Li 
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose an intrinsic chiral metamaterial (ICM) consisting of two metal self-complementary resonators, dielectric layer, and an embedded continuous vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer, which can operate in reflection and transmission modes and tailor different polarization manipulations for circular and linear polarized waves in opposite incident directions. When VO2 is in metallic state, the ICM can achieve broadband and narrowband circular polarization conversions at 1.52–2.50 THz and 2.93 THz for opposite propagating directions, respectively; when VO2 is in an insulating state, it shows a strong asymmetric transmission (AT) effect at 2.43 and 3.19 THz for forward and backward linear polarized waves. In addition, the physical mechanisms of different polarization operations are explained by analyzing the surface current and electric field distributions, multiple interference model, and near-field distributions in detail, and the circuit models are introduced to verify the simulated results. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of structural parameters on performance. The proposed ICM has important implications for the development of polarization detectors, frequency selectors, etc.
Innovationstreiber oder strukturpolitischer Irrglaube?
Authors: Hähnlein Johannes , Küster Anna 
Published: April 2023

ZusammenfassungUnternehmerisches Handeln in Form von Unternehmensgründungen, v. a. Start-ups, treiben Fortschritt und Innovation auf vielen Ebenen an. Sie sind einer der aktuell meist umworbenen Motoren für den wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand unserer Gesellschaft. Immer mehr wirtschaftspolitische Maßnahmen sind darauf ausgerichtet, ebendies zu fördern. Jedoch werden regional starke Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Gründungsgeschehens beobachtet. So spielt die Förderung von Gründungen und der Aufbau sogenannter Gründungsökosysteme (Entrepreneurial Ecosystems) auch in der Regionalpolitik eine zunehmend größere Rolle. Es gilt, jeden Wirtschaftsstandort singulär zu betrachten, Besonderheiten zu identifizieren und die Bedürfnisse der regionalen Akteure zu ermitteln, um passende Maßnahmen zur Etablierung eines solchen Ökosystems abzuleiten. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird ein exemplarischer Standort durch die Anwendung eines Gründungsökosystemmodells auf spezifische Determinanten hin untersucht. Stärken, Schwächen und Potenziale des Wirtschaftsstandortes in Bezug auf seine Rahmenbedingungen für Gründungen werden in zwei Gruppeninterviews (Gründer:innen und unterstützende Institutionen) ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die zahlreichen Wechselwirkungen eines Gründungsökosystems in den aktuellen Strukturen nicht ausreichend und effizient gesteuert werden und relevante Beteiligte die Effektivität von Ökosystem-Elementen und Fördermaßnahmen differenziert wahrnehmen. Die Untersuchung liefert Erkenntnisse für zukünftige gründungs- und innovationspolitische Maßnahmen und Interventionen in der untersuchten Region und dient damit methodisch als Vorbild zur Untersuchung weiterer regionaler Gründungsökosysteme.
Perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of asthma patients towards the use of short-acting β2-agonists: A systematic review
Authors: Loh Zhe Chi , Hussain Rabia , Balan Shamala , Saini Bandana , Muneswarao Jaya , Ong Siew Chin , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: April 2023

Background
Short-acting β2-agonists (SABA), the most potent and rapid-acting relievers are commonly used to provide quick relief of asthma symptoms. However, there is an increasing concern regarding the misuse of SABA medicines.

Objective
This qualitative systematic review aims to determine, evaluate, and summarize the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards the use of SABA from the patients’ perspectives.

Methods
The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane database. Original research articles reporting the perceptions, attitudes, or behaviors of asthma patients towards the use of SABA, which was available as full text, published in the English language between the year 2000 and February 2023 were included in the review. Commentaries, letters to editor, review articles, and conference proceedings were excluded.

Results
A total of five articles were included. Six overarching themes were obtained: (1) perceptions on health status; (2) perceptions and attitudes towards the impact of asthma; (3) perceptions towards asthma control; (4) perceptions towards asthma knowledge; (5) risk perceptions; (6) perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards the use of SABA.

Conclusion
Despite the fact that SABA could rapidly alleviate asthma symptoms, SABA over-users were less likely to describe their health status and asthma control as ‘excellent’. Most SABA over-users did not know that frequent SABA usage would worsen their asthma control, and they exhibited psychological linkage towards the use of SABA. Collaborative efforts between policymakers, healthcare professionals and patients are warranted to reconstruct SABA prescribing practice and usage.
Social and self-stigma during COVID-19 pandemic: Egyptians’ perspectives
Authors: Tawfik Ayat Mahmoud , Hayek Noha , Mahdy Sarah Salah Eldien , Elsherbiny Noura Mahmoud , Salem Marwa Rashad , Taie Almass Fathi Hassan 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundSocial stigma associated with infectious diseases existed throughout the history of pandemics due to fears of contagion and death. This study aims to assess social and self-stigma resulting from COVID-19 infection and other associated factors in Egypt during the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 533 adult Egyptians via an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included social stigma toward current and recovered COVID-19 patients and the negative self-image of being a COVID-19 patient.ResultsThe mean calculated overall COVID-19-related stigma score for the studied sample was 4.7±3.1. The highest reported stigma category was mild stigma: Social stigma towards current COVID-19 patients (88.2%), Social stigma toward recovered COVID-19 patients (64.2%), Negative self-image for being a COVID-19 patient; perceived self-stigma (71.6%) and total stigma score (88.2%) respectively. The overall stigma score was negatively associated with a higher level of education and getting information from healthcare workers and positively associated with getting information from social networks.ConclusionSocial and self-stigma related to COVID-19 infection was mild from the Egyptian perspective but found in a large proportion of the population and mainly affected by getting information from healthcare workers or through social media and being more among those with lower education levels. The study recommends more legislative control on social media for disseminating health-related information and conducting awareness campaigns to counteract these adverse effects.
Acute effects of the FIFA11+ and Football+ warm-ups on motor performance. A crossover randomized controlled trial
Authors: Asgari Mojtaba , Schmidt Marcus , Terschluse Benedikt , Sueck Maximilian , Jaitner Thomas 
Published: April 2023

Introduction
Few studies including contradictory results have addressed the acute effects of the 11+ on motor performance, indicating a potentially reduced applicability of the program for warming up before competitions. This study aims to compare the acute effects of a soccer-specific warm-up (Football+) and the 11+ on motor performance.

Materials and methods
Thirty-eight volunteer collegiate players (22 males; age = 21.1±1.9 years, height = 1.81± 0.06 m, weight = 73.4± 9.5 kg; 16 females; age = 21.3±1.5 years; height = 1.71± 0.07 m, weight = 67.8± 8.5 kg) underwent the 11+ and the Football+ in a randomized crossover design with a one-week washout. The Football+ starts with a self-estimated 40–50 percent running, followed by dynamic stretching of the hip muscles, shoulder contact, controlled lunge, Copenhagen exercise, and modified Nordic hamstring exercise. The second part involves roughly intensive small-sided games, followed by plyometric and anaerobic exercises in the third part. The warm ups’ effects on performance were determined by a linear sprinting test (20 m), countermovement jump performance (CMJ), Illinois agility (IA), and dribbling speed (DS) tests. Within-subject differences were reported as the means and SD. Pairwise t tests at the significance level of p<0.05 were used to calculate the significant differences.

Results
Overall, except for the CMJ (mean = -0.43±3.20 cm, p = 0.21, d = -0.13), significant differences for the 20 m sprint (mean = 0.04±0.10 s, p = 0.005, d = 0.42), IA (mean = 0.65±0.45 s, p = 0.01, d = 1.43), and DS (mean = 0.60±1.58 s, p = 0.012, d = 0.38) were observed. In females, significant differences observed only for IA (mean difference = 0.52±0.42 s, p<0.001, d = 1.24) and DS (mean difference = 1.29±1,77 s, p = 0.005, d = 0.73), with the Football+ showing superiority. In males, significant differences were found only for 20 m sprinting (mean difference = 0.06±0.09, p = 0.005, d = 0.60) and IA (mean difference = 0.74±0.46, p<0.001, d = 1.62), with the Football+ having superiority.

Discussion
Although practicable for injury prevention, the 11+ may not optimize acute performance and prepare players for high-intensity physical tasks as well as a well-structured, roughly intensive warm-up. Further gender-specific studies should evaluate the long-term effects of the Football+ on performance and injury prevention.
A cross-sectional investigation of back pain beliefs and fear in physiotherapy and sport undergraduate students
Authors: Black Cameron , Mallows Adrian , Waterworth Sally , Freeman Paul , Hope Edward , Liew Bernard X. W. 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAlthough low back pain (LBP) beliefs have been well investigated in mainstream healthcare discipline students, the beliefs within sports-related study students, such as Sport and Exercise Science (SES), Sports Therapy (ST), and Sport Performance and Coaching (SPC) programmes have yet to be explored. This study aims to understand any differences in the beliefs and fear associated with movement in students enrolled in four undergraduate study programmes–physiotherapy (PT), ST, SES, and SPC.Method136 undergraduate students completed an online survey. All participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK) and Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ). Two sets of two-way between-subjects Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were conducted for each outcome of TSK and BBQ, with the independent variables of the study programme, study year (1st, 2nd, 3rd), and their interaction.ResultsThere was a significant interaction between study programme and year for TSK (F(6, 124) = 4.90, P < 0.001) and BBQ (F(6, 124) = 8.18, P < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis revealed that both PT and ST students had lower TSK and higher BBQ scores than SES and SPC students particularly in the 3rd year.ConclusionsThe beliefs of clinicians and trainers managing LBP are known to transfer to patients, and more negative beliefs have been associated with greater disability. This is the first study to understand the beliefs about back pain in various sports study programmes, which is timely, given that the management of injured athletes typically involves a multidisciplinary team.
Associations between plasma protein, IgG and IgA N-glycosylation and metabolic health markers in pregnancy and gestational diabetes
Authors: Štambuk Tamara , Kifer Domagoj , Smirčić-Duvnjak Lea , Vučić Lovrenčić Marijana , Gornik Olga 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundMonitoring human circulating N-glycome could provide valuable insight into an individual’s metabolic status. Therefore, we examined if aberrant carbohydrate metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) associates with alterations in plasma protein, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) N-glycosylation.MethodsPlasma protein, IgG and IgA N-glycans were enzymatically released, purified and chromatographically profiled in 48 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and 41 pregnant women with GDM, all sampled at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Linear mixed models adjusting for age and multiple testing (FDR<0.05) were used to investigate the associations between glycosylation features, metabolic markers and GDM status.ResultsFasting insulin exhibited significant associations to numerous glycan traits, including plasma protein galactosylation, sialylation, branching, core fucosylation and bisection, to IgG core fucosylated, bisected (FA2B) and afucosylated disialylated (A2G2S2) glycan and to IgA trisialylated triantennary (A3G3S3) glycan (padjrange: 4.37x10-05–4.94x10-02). Insulin resistance markers HOMA2-IR and HOMA2-%B were mostly associated to the same glycan structures as fasting insulin. Both markers showed positive association with high-branched plasma glycans (padj= 1.12x10-02and 2.03x10-03) and negative association with low-branched plasma glycans (padj= 1.21x10-02and 2.05x10-03). Additionally, HOMA2-%B index was significantly correlated with glycosylation features describing IgG sialylation. Multiple plasma protein IgG and IgA glycans showed significant associations with total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. None of the tested glycan traits showed a significant difference between GDM and normoglycemic pregnancies.ConclusionMarkers of glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in pregnancy show extensive associations to various N-glycosylation features. However, plasma protein, IgG and IgA N-glycans were not able to differentiate pregnant women with and without GDM, possibly due to numerous physiological changes accompanying pregnancy, which confound the impact of GDM on protein glycosylation.
Immunoglobulin G4-Seronegative Autoimmune Cholangiopathy With Pancreatic and Hepatic Involvement Mimicking as Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Achalu Sudharshan , Berry Rani , Wei Mike T. , Banerjee Subhas , Ghanouni Pejman , Kambham Neeraja , Kwo Paul Y. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin G4-seronegative autoimmune cholangiopathy is a rare cause of biliary strictures. We describe a 27-year-old man presenting with elevated liver enzymes, recurrent cholangitis/bacteremia, biliary strictures, and normal immunoglobulin G4 levels, who was initially diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis, and later listed for transplantation for recurrent bacteremia. Subsequent surveillance imaging demonstrated morphologic changes consistent with biliary strictures and autoimmune pancreatitis. Initiating corticosteroids resulted in liver enzyme normalization and stricture improvement. Diagnosing seronegative autoimmune cholangiopathy remains challenging given similar presentation to primary sclerosing cholangitis. This case highlights importance of a wide differential for biliary strictures, with increased suspicion in those developing pancreatic changes in this setting.
Cloud Analytics Benchmark
Authors: van Renen Alexander , Leis Viktor 
Published: April 2023

The cloud facilitates the transition to a service-oriented perspective. This affects cloud-native data management in general, and data analytics in particular. Instead of managing a multi-node database cluster on-premise, end users simply send queries to a managed cloud data warehouse and receive results. While this is obviously very attractive for end users, database system architects still have to engineer systems for this new service model. There are currently many competing architectures ranging from self-hosted (Presto, PostgreSQL), over managed (Snowflake, Amazon Redshift) to query-as-a-service (Amazon Athena, Google BigQuery) offerings. Benchmarking these architectural approaches is currently difficult, and it is not even clear what the metrics for a comparison should be.
To overcome these challenges, we first analyze a real-world query trace from Snowflake and compare its properties to that of TPC-H and TPC-DS. Doing so, we identify important differences that distinguish traditional benchmarks from real-world cloud data warehouse workloads. Based on this analysis, we propose the Cloud Analytics Benchmark (CAB). By incorporating workload fluctuations and multi-tenancy, CAB allows evaluating different designs in terms of user-centered metrics such as cost and performance.
Dotori: A Key-Value SSD Based KV Store
Authors: Duffy Carl , Shim Jaehoon , Kim Sang-Hoon , Kim Jin-Soo 
Published: April 2023

Key-value SSDs (KVSSDs) represent a major shift in the storage stack design, with numerous potential benefits. Despite this, their lack of native features critical to operation in real world scenarios hinders their adoption, and these benefits go unrealized. Moreover, simply adapting existing key-value stores to run on KVSSDs proves underwhelming, as KVSSDs operate at lower raw device performance when compared to modern block SSDs.
This paper introduces Dotori. Dotori is a KVSSD based key-value store that provides much needed functionality in a KVSSD through an upper layer in the host, and takes advantage of the unique KVSSD interface to enable further gains in functionality and performance. At the core of Dotori is a novel B+tree design that is only practical when the underlying storage device is a KVSSD.
We test Dotori with an enterprise grade KVSSD against state-of-the-art block SSD based key-value stores through a range of micro-benchmarks and real world workloads. Despite low KVSSD raw device performance, Dotori achieves superior performance to these block-device based key-value stores while also showing significant gains in other important metrics.