bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fullerene C70as Photoredox Catalyst for the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition‐Aromatization Sequence
Authors: Rana Priksha , Udari Ganesh , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Prakash Singh Surya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, fullerene (C70) is introduced as an effective photoredox catalyst for the construction of a highly functionalised pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline framework by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition‐aromatisation reaction sequence. The ability of C70to efficiently harvest visible light, its long‐triplet state lifetime, good photostability, and strong singlet oxygen generation potential (Φ▵≈1), make it an efficient photoredox catalyst. Upon photoirradiation, C70promotes the formation of singlet oxygen and superoxide radical by energy transfer (EnT) and single electron transfer (SET) mechanism. The superoxide radical acts as a potential oxidant in the formation of azomethine ylide through the oxidation‐deprotonation tandem process. Azomethine ylide further participates in [3+2]‐cycloaddition reaction protocol with alkene/alkyne to give the corresponding pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines. Interestingly, this protocol allows the activation of a wide range of substrates giving access to a diverse library of 48 well‐decorated pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines with good functional group tolerance.
Expedient Synthesis of Dihaloalkenynes via Pd‐Catalyzed Haloalkynylation Reaction
Authors: Ji Xiaoliang , Peng Xin , Hong Huanliang , Xu Yanghao , Nie Jinli , Chen Lu , Mo Zongwen , Li Yibiao , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHerein, the PdII‐catalyzed construction of functionalized dihaloalkenynes from haloalkynes via a self‐haloalkynylation reaction, without specialized ligands or oxidizing additives, is reported. The method tolerates a diverse range of haloalkynes, including electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing functional groups, such as macrocyclic alkynols, spiro‐oxy ring alkynols, and even carbazole‐containing, pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dione‐containing and silyl‐protected bromoalkynes. Using an opposite lithium halide (LiX) to the haloalkyne starting material, remarkably high regio‐ and stereoselectivity of the haloalkynylation reaction is possible, yielding 1‐bromo‐2‐chloroalkenyne or 2‐bromo‐1‐chloroalkenyne products as desired.
Is $8.8 per kilogram more expensive than $3.99 per pound? An investigation of the effect of measurement units on price perceptions
Authors: Liu Yonglan , Thakor Mrugank , Chen Rui 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRetailers often display prices in different formats to make them appear more attractive. In some contexts, they can also attach prices to different measurement units—e.g., cereal can be priced at $3.99 per kg or equivalently at $1.36 per lb. In five experimental studies, we show that consumers' perceptions of expensiveness and consumer spending are heavily influenced by the numerical magnitude of the price (“3.99”) with insufficient attention paid to the measurement unit (“kg”), that this overweighting of numerical magnitude persists across different price formats, and that product price perceptions mediate the effect of measurement system on the price image of the store. Our findings have implications for policy makers as well as pricing practitioners.
Heritability and genetic variance estimates for agronomic traits and glycoside yield in four elite stevia breeding populations
Authors: Huber Brandon M. , Wehner Todd C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHeritability estimates of traits assist breeders in optimizing cultivar development and can help predict gain from selection in breeding programs. Narrow‐sense heritabilities were measured in agronomic traits and glycoside concentration in four elite stevia (Stevia rebaudianaBertoni) populations using half‐sib family analysis. Gain from selection at 20% selection intensity was estimated for morphological, yield, and glycoside traits. Experiments were conducted in two field locations in North Carolina. Variation was observed across cultigens for agronomic traits including stem height, branch width, and leaf size, for both subjective and objective measurements. Yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance, and percent survival showed a high genetic variation across cultigens. In addition, glycosides including Reb A, Reb C, and Reb D also showed high variation by cultigen. Heritability estimates for plant morphological traits were highest for stem height, and moderate for yield and branch width. However, other traits such as leaf area and lodging resistance showed low heritability (0.10). Glycosides including Reb A, Reb C, Reb D, stevioside and total steviol glycosides (TSG) showed high heritability. The estimated gain from selection per year for stem height (24 mm/year), leaf area (131 mm2/year) and yield (dry weight) (1.2 Mg/ha per year) suggest significant improvements are possible per breeding cycle. The estimated gain for glycoside concentration and percent of TSG of Reb A (26.44 mg/g, 14.51%), Reb C (20.20 mg/g, 20.17%), Reb D (1.70 mg/g, 1.49%), stevioside (6.73 mg/g, 10.72%), and TSG (20.90 mg/g), similarly, indicate significant gains are possible per breeding cycle.
Double Q‐learning‐based adaptive trajectory selection for energy‐efficient data collection in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Rajagopal Vishnuvarthan , Velusamy Bhanumathi , Rathinasamy Sakthivel 
Published: February 2023

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel distributed stochastic routing strategy using mobile sink based on double Q‐learning algorithm to improve the network performance in wireless sensor network with uncertain communication links. Furthermore, in order to extend network lifetime, a modified leach‐based clustering technique is proposed. To balance the energy dissipation between nodes, the selected cluster head nodes are then rotated based on the newly suggested threshold energy value. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the QWRP, QLMS, ESRP and HACDC in terms of network lifetime by 18.33%, 35.1%, 39.7% and 44.7%, respectively. Moreover, the proposed algorithms considerably enhances the learning rate and hence reduces the data collection latency.
Endo‐lysosomal protein concentrations in CSF from patients with frontotemporal dementia caused by CHMP2B mutation
Authors: Toft Anders , Sjödin Simon , Simonsen Anja Hviid , Ejlerskov Patrick , Roos Peter , Musaeus Christian Sandøe , Henriksen Emil Elbæk , Nielsen Troels Tolstrup , Brinkmalm Ann , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Nielsen Jørgen Erik 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionIncreasing evidence implicates proteostatic dysfunction as an early event in the development of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). This study aimed to explore potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers associated with the proteolytic systems in genetic FTD caused by CHMP2B mutation.MethodsCombining solid‐phase extraction and parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry, a panel of 47 peptides derived from 20 proteins was analyzed in CSF from 31 members of the Danish CHMP2B‐FTD family.ResultsCompared with family controls, mutation carriers had significantly higher levels of complement C9, lysozyme and transcobalamin II, and lower levels of ubiquitin, cathepsin B, and amyloid precursor protein.DiscussionLower CSF ubiquitin concentrations in CHMP2B mutation carriers indicate that ubiquitin levels relate to the specific disease pathology, rather than all‐cause neurodegeneration. Increased lysozyme and complement proteins may indicate innate immune activation. Altered levels of amyloid precursor protein and cathepsins have previously been associated with impaired lysosomal proteolysis in FTD.Highlights
CSF markers of proteostasis were explored in CHMP2B‐mediated frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
31 members of the Danish CHMP2B‐FTD family were included.
We used solid‐phase extraction and parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.
Six protein levels were significantly altered in CHMP2B‐FTD compared with controls.
Lower CSF ubiquitin levels in patients suggest association with disease mechanisms.
Overcompensation of ecosystem productivity following sustained extreme drought in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Ru Jingyi , Wan Shiqiang , Hui Dafeng , Song Jian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDrought events are projected to be more extreme and frequent in the future and have profound influences on the structure and functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, better understanding the mechanisms of recovery is critical for predicting the future dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems. We performed a 7‐year field precipitation experiment to examine recovery of a grassland ecosystem from different magnitudes of sustained drought, from slight to extreme. The ecosystem was exposed to precipitation treatments in the first 3 years (2010–2012) and recovered during the last 4 years (2013–2016) without precipitation treatments. Overall, large reductions of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP, −43.3%) and perennial forb biomass (−83.1%) were observed in the third year (2012) of extreme drought only. Nevertheless, ANPP fully recovered within 1 year after the drought treatments were terminated, and the rapid recovery was mainly due to increased soil total nitrogen and root biomass allocation after drought. Surprisingly, large increases of ANPP under the extreme drought treatment occurred during the recovery periods from 2013 to 2015 (+74.1, +88.5, and +119.8 g m−2 year−1) compared to the control. The overcompensation offset the extreme drought‐induced reduction of ANPP in the treatment years and was primarily ascribed to the enhanced biomass of perennial grasses (PG). Higher resistance to drought and fast resource acquisition strategy might drive the rapid recovery and expansion of PG. Our findings revealed the rapid recovery of grasslands and the critical role of community overcompensation in maintaining grassland ecosystem function and stability under future climate change scenarios.
Development of energy saving operation technology for punctuality and ride comfort by optimizing the point of target pattern recreation
Authors: Tsutsumi Yuhi , Oda Atsushi , Maekawa Keiji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAt present, there is a growing demand for energy saving to prevent global warming. Thus, the railway industry is also focusing on energy saving methods. Power consumption of running trains has a large variation of approximately 20% caused by drivers’ operation. Therefore, improving the running profile can considerably reduce energy consumption. Numerous algorithms for generating energy saving running profiles have been researched and developed. To adapt energy saving operation to various environments, we developed a technology that maintains punctuality without reducing the energy efficiency when temporary differences occur in driving conditions. We propose a method that determines the re‐creation command point to complete the re‐creation at the switching point of the driving operation in the existing energy‐saving target pattern, to achieve both punctuality and ride comfort. As a result of verifying the effect of the proposed method on the conventional method via a simulation, it was confirmed that the proposed method can prevent the increase in the number of operation changes when the driving conditions change, whereas the conventional method increases the number of operation changes.
Isolation of Bis‐ and Mono‐Cyclometallated Ru−IMes Complexes upon Reaction of [Ru(PPh3)3HCl], IMes and ZnMe2
Authors: Pécharman Anne‐Frédérique M. , Roberts Erika M. , Miloserdov Fedor M. , Varela‐Izquierdo Victor , Mahon Mary F. , Whittlesey Michael K. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAddition of an excess of ZnMe2to a mixture of [Ru(PPh3)3HCl] and IMes (IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene) yields the bis‐cyclometallated complex, [Ru(IMes)“(PPh3)2]2, together with the mono‐cyclometallated, Ru−Zn heterobimetallic complex [Ru(IMes)′(PPh3)2(ZnMe)]3. Treatment of2with H2, PhSiH3or pinacolborane yields the previously reported complex, [Ru(IMes)′(PPh3)2H]1, the synthesis of which has been reinvestigated. Further studies of small molecule reactivity show that1adds H2to give [Ru(IMes)(PPh3)2H4]4, whilst2reacts with catecholborane to give [Ru(IMes‐Bcat)′(PPh3)2H]5, in which (IMes‐Bcat)′ signifies a borylated NHC ligand that is singly‐metallated onto Ru. Treatment of2with CO gives the 18‐electron dicarbonyl product [Ru(IMes)”(PPh3)(CO)2]6. Compounds1–3,5and6have been structurally characterised.
Concentration of lambda concatemers using a 3D printed device
Authors: Rau Samantha , Huynh Thi , Larsen Alex , Kounovsky‐Shafer Kristy L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentifying significant variations in genomes can be cumbersome, as the variations span a multitude of base pairs and can make genome assembly difficult. However, large DNA molecules that span the variation aid in assembly. Due to the DNA molecule's large size, routine molecular biology techniques can break DNA. Therefore, a method is required to concentrate large DNA. A bis‐acrylamide roadblock was cured in a proof‐of‐principle 3D printed device to concentrate DNA at the interface between the roadblock and solution. Lambda concatemer DNA was stained with YOYO‐1 and loaded into the 3D printed device. A dynamic range of voltages and acrylamide concentrations were tested to determine how much DNA was concentrated and recovered. The fluorescence of the original solution and the concentrated solution was measured, the recovery was 37% of the original sample, and the volume decreased by a factor of 3 of the original volume.
Brain deficit patterns of metabolic illnesses overlap with those for major depressive disorder: A new metric of brain metabolic disease
Authors: Hatch Kathryn S. , Gao Si , Ma Yizhou , Russo Alessandro , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , Adhikari Bhim M. , Bruce Heather , Van der Vaart Andrew , Sotiras Aristeidis , Kvarta Mark D. , Nichols Thomas E. , Schmaal Lianne , Hong L. Elliot , Kochunov Peter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMetabolic illnesses (MET) are detrimental to brain integrity and are common comorbidities in patients with mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). We quantified effects of MET on standard regional brain morphometric measures from 3D brain MRI as well as diffusion MRI in a large sample of UK BioBank participants. The pattern of regional effect sizes of MET in non‐psychiatric UKBB subjects was significantly correlated with the spatial profile of regional effects reported by the largest meta‐analyses in MDD but not in bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease. We used a regional vulnerability index (RVI) for MET (RVI‐MET) to measure individual's brain similarity to the expected patterns in MET in the UK Biobank sample. Subjects with MET showed a higher effect size for RVI‐MET than for any of the individual brain measures. We replicated elevation of RVI‐MET in a sample of MDD participants with MET versus non‐MET. RVI‐MET scores were significantly correlated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities, a neurological consequence of MET and age, in both groups. Higher RVI‐MET in both samples was associated with obesity, tobacco smoking and frequent alcohol use but was unrelated to antidepressant use. In summary, MET effects on the brain were regionally specific and individual similarity to the pattern was more strongly associated with MET than any regional brain structural metric. Effects of MET overlapped with the reported brain differences in MDD, likely due to higher incidence of MET, smoking and alcohol use in subjects with MDD.
Differences in Femoral Neck and Trochanteric Structure in Elderly Women Prior to Hip Fracture: Role in Hip Fracture Prediction
Authors: Prince Richard , Khoo Benjamin , Brown Keenan , Lewis Joshua 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACT
We examine the hypothesis that internal dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) structural variables measured at the femoral neck and trochanter cross sections will improve prediction of fractures at these sites in addition to areal BMD (aBMD). We present an analysis of the internal distribution of bone at the site of these fractures using baseline hip DXA measurement of 1151 participants, mean age (SD) 75 (3) years, in the 14.5-year Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging in Women. Structural differences at the femoral neck (FN) and trochanter (TR) cross sections were compared in 69 participants who went on to sustain femoral neck fracture (FNF) and 59 participants who went on to sustain trochanter fracture (TRF), on average 10 years later, to those who did not fracture. The new structural variables, in addition to aBMD and bone width (W), were Sigma (distribution of bone within scanned area) and Delta (distance between center-of-mineral mass and geometric center), which can be assessed by current DXA programs. At baseline, compared with nonfracture cases, FNF cases had a FNaBMD 7% lower, a FNWidth 3% higher and a FNDelta 29% higher, associated with reduced bone in the superior segment. In FNF Cox proportional hazard analysis, age (hazard ratio [HR 1.39]), total hip aBMD (THaBMD; 0.79), and Delta (1.70) were significant. Addition of FN Delta to the base case of THaBMD and age improved the C statistic from 0.62 to 0.69, p = 0.01. At baseline, TRF cases had a 15% lower TRaBMD with minor differences in Sigma (1%) and Width (2%). In TRF Cox analysis, neither addition of Sigma nor Width improved the model that included age and THaBMD as predictors and did not alter the C-statistic of 0.81. In conclusion, adding measurement of FN Delta, an assessment of superior sector bone loss, to hip aBMD and age substantially improved clinical FNF prediction in older women. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Long‐term variability of the low‐level cloud base height in Poland
Authors: Matuszko Dorota , Bartoszek Krzysztof , Soroka Jakub 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of the study is to characterize the long‐term variability of the low‐level cloud base heights (CBH) in Poland in the years 1971–2020. Data were used from six weather stations belonging to the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – the National Research Institute (IMWM‐NRI), where CBH was first measured using the IWO device and, since the 1990s, using a ceilometer. The analysis allowed for data from eight observation periods (0000, 0300, 0600, 0900, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2100 UTC), which referred to several height ranges (between the ground surface and 2500 m a.s.l.). In the analysed multiyear period, in the cool half of the year, the height of the Cumulonimbus cloud bases increased significantly, that is, the number of cases increased at a height of >1000 m and, in the warm half of the year, at >1500 m. In recent years, the number of cases of the Cumulus cloud with a base at a height between 300 and 999 m has clearly decreased, while it has increased at a height of 1000–1499 m (in October–March) and 1500–1999 m (April–September). A similar increase in CBH was found in the case of the Stratocumulus cloud (their greater share between 1500 and 2499 m). It was only in the case of the Stratus cloud that a lowering of the cloud base was noticed, possibly owing to the imperfect measurement of the fractus species. The positive upward trend in the base height of most low‐level clouds can be explained by a statistically significant increase in temperature and a decrease in relative air humidity in the lower troposphere.
Microbial communities and metabolite profiles during the fermentation of Chinese Dongbei suancai with Chinese baijiu as supplementary material
Authors: Li Xiao , Gao Ya , Han Yanqiu , Zhang Rui , Wang Chen , Wu Xingzhuang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn industrial production of suancai, baijiu is commonly used to inhibit the spoilage bacteria and enhance the flavor. However, the effects of baijiu on the microbial diversity and metabolic pathways of suancai are rarely reported in the literature. This study aimed to explore the microbial community, its predicted functional roles, and the metabolites formed during fermentation of Chinese Dongbei suancai fermented using a mixed starter with Chinese baijiu as supplementary material.RESULTSResults showed that Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Leuconostoc were the major bacterial genera in the Dongbei suancai fermented by adding baijiu. Linear discriminant analysis effect size indicated that Leuconostoc was the major biomarker in the early stage of fermentation, whereas Lactococcus, Weissella, and Lactobacillus plantarum were biomarkers in the middle and later stages of fermentation. A total of 638 metabolites were detected in suancai fermented by adding baijiu. However, the principal component analysis showed that baijiu significantly affected the metabolites of suancai in the early and later stages of fermentation. Furthermore, 58, 22, and 26 significantly differential metabolites (P < 0.01) were found on day 0, day 2, and day 30 of fermentation respectively. Moreover, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Enterobacter had positive correlations with amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, alcohols, and esters. Functional analysis implied that carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, and nucleotide metabolism were the major determinants of the characteristics of suancai fermented with baijiu as supplementary material.CONCLUSIONBaijiu changed the metabolites of inoculated fermented Dongbei suancai. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Minimal Radiographic Mucosal Thickness or Opacification Criterion for Sinus‐Specific Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Walters Zoe A. , Phillips Katie M. , Previtera Melissa J. , Gray Stacey T. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivePrimary chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is typically a diffuse process and the extent of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) performed for medically recalcitrant CRS is impacted by many factors. However, some third‐party payors have implemented policies to authorize coverage for ESS in a sinus‐by‐sinus manner based on a minimal measurement of millimeters of mucosal thickening or sinus opacification in the corresponding sinus that is being surgically addressed. Our objective was to determine whether such policies are based on scientific evidence that in patients with medically recalcitrant CRS, a minimum measurement of mucosal thickening or sinus opacification is a predictor of CRS in that sinus or improved outcomes after ESS on a sinus‐by‐sinus basis.Data SourcesMedline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, from inception through May 2022.Review MethodsA systematic review was performed. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.ResultsWe identified 6070 abstracts which were screened and from which 112 studies ultimately underwent a full‐text review. From these studies, we found that none investigated (or provided evidence of) whether any minimal degree of radiographic mucosal thickening or sinus opacification predicted CRS or better outcomes after ESS in a sinus‐specific manner.ConclusionWe were unable to find evidence supporting a minimum millimeter measurement of mucosal thickening or sinus opacification as predictors of CRS or better post‐ESS outcomes in a sinus‐specific manner in patients with medically recalcitrant CRS. The extent of ESS for CRS should be determined through personalized medical decision‐making that considers all patient‐specific factors.