bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Nanocarbon from Local Raw Materials
Authors: Khilola Kholmirzaeva , Ibodullayevich Fayzullayev Normurot , Uktamovich Normurodov Otajon , Shoyimovich Haydarov Gayrat 
Published: January 2023

This research aims at extraction of nanocarbon from local raw materials through a detailed study of its characteristics. The research involves study of thermal properties of fruit kernels (apricots) and walnut kernels, determining the optimal modes of the carbonization process for each type of raw material, developing a method for the synthesis of spherical granules by liquid granulation and determining the optimum concentration of the sulfuric acid solution used in granulation. Analysis of the results on the dynamic sorption of petroleum products showed that maximum sorption is achieved when using a sorbent obtained at 400∘C for 30 minutes. Temperature regimes have been optimized for obtaining sorbent from walnut shells with different carbon content. The hydrophobicity and oleophilic of their surface are common to all these materials. The dynamic conditions of the adsorption capacity processes under the sorbents were studied. Sorption efficiency and the specific capacity of sorbents were determined. It has been shown that the technological cycle of the studied sorbents can be repeated by repeated purification. When activated charcoal is used to purify water from petroleum products, the process of leaching with colloidal and finely dispersed mixtures – it was found that deaeration is necessary. The individual composition of the ether fraction OV-1 has a fixed liquid phase, Connected to Finuigan 4023 Automated GC/MS System mass spectrometer, It was determined by chromato-mass spectrometry in a capillary column 40 m long and 0.25 mm in internal diameter. The results of the Fure-IR spectroscopy study of samples based on the apricot peel, walnut peel, and walnut peel showed that winning symmetrical bands (2920 and 2851 cm−1) were observed in them, these bands belong to the C-H-valence oscillation belonging to the methyl and methylene groups. In the spectrum taken from a sample of apricot peel, absorption bands belonging to cellulose (1377 cm−1 and 1069 cm−1 ) were observed.
Thermogravimetric studies were performed on an STA 449C Jupiter synchronous thermal analysis instrument in the inert environment at a heating rate of 10∘ C/min in the temperature range of 25–1000∘C. Analysis of the porous structure parameters of carbon sorbents were carried out using the high-speed analyzer of gas sorption NOVA-1200e by the method of imaging nitrogen adsorption isotherms at a temperature of 77K.
Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus)
Authors: Cahyadi Danang Dwi , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Nisa' Chairun , Supratikno Supratikno , Novelina Savitri , Setijanto Heru , Agungpriyono Srihadi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Cahyadi DD, Nurhidayat, Nisa’ C, Supratikno, Novelina S, Setijanto H, Agungpriyono S. 2022. Musculoskeletal structure of the shoulder and arm in large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). Biodiversitas 23: 5902-5913. The flight activity of bats is the most energy-consuming activity compared to other locomotion activities. The anatomical characteristic of its musculoskeletal system is believed to play important role in their flight ability. The present study aimed to describe the musculoskeletal morphology of the shoulder, arms, and wing of the large flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus). In this study, the parameters used are observing the specific body parts of the shoulder and arm skeletons and muscles, comparing skeletons and muscles of the other species of bats and related literature. The arm and wing skeleton of the large flying fox were relatively simple, lengthened, and flexible at the distal end of the distal most phalanx, demonstrating the flexibility of a flying fox’s arm and wing during flight. The muscles involved in flying movement that moved the wings, either in adduction or in abduction. The muscles that play a role in the wing adduction phase of the large flying fox are musculi (mm.) pectorales, musculus (m.) serratus ventralis thoracis, m. clavodeltoideus, and m. biceps brachii caput coracoideus. Conversely, the wing abduction phase is played by several main muscles, such as m. clavotrapezius, m. acromiotrapezius, m. latissimus dorsi, m. teres major, m. acromiodeltoideus, m. spinodeltoideus, m. triceps brachii caput laterale, and m. triceps brachii caput longum. Briefly, the musculoskeletal characteristics of the shoulder and arms of the large flying fox are suggested as morphological adaptation to allow free shoulder area movement, reduce the body mass, and resist the large torsional stress in the wing.
The importance of regulatory compliance in wildlife captive breeding: Case study from deer captive breeding in Indonesia
Authors: Subeno Subeno , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Imron Muhammad Ali , Widi Tri Satya Mastuti 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Subeno, Pudyatmoko S, Imron MA, Widi TSM. 2022. The importance of regulatory compliance in wildlife captive breeding: Case study from deer captive breeding in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6128-6136. Indonesia has five deer species that the Indonesian government protects. Among these deer, Javan deer (Rusa timorensis) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) have received conservation attention through captive breeding. Despite this conservation approach being applied for these two species, a review on captive breeding implementation is still lacking. This research aimed to assess the management of captive breeding of two deer species, which will support the natural population of endangered species in Indonesia. A triangulation method is used to collect secondary data (documents), interviews, and field observations in Parengan of East Java for Javan deer and Dumai of Riau for sambar deer. Then we assessed the management aspect and the ability of captive breeding to contribute to the release program using descriptive qualitative analysis. The Pertamina RU 2 Dumai sambar deer captive breeding has been carried out since 2016. However, during four years of management, the documents required for captive management, assessed by the Nature Resources Conservation Agency (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam/BKSDA), were not fully available. Consequently, the population increment in captive breeding could not participate in the release program. The Parengan Javan deer captive breeding was built in 2014. Management documents, population and habitat management were carried out intensively. As a result of the assessment by BKSDA East Java, this captive breeding received an excellent value (A). The population development showed an increasing trend. The results of this population development are then taken 10% to be released into the wild. In 2018, 4 captive-breed Javan deer were released in their natural habitat of Tahura R. Soeryo, East Java. The implication is that captive breeding, which is managed through proper management of population, habitat, and infrastructure, can contribute to supporting the addition of wildlife populations in their natural habitats.
Effect of giving nanochitosan preparations ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) against pancreatic histology of white rat male (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley
Authors: HANDAYANI SUCI , SITASIWI AGUNG JANIKA , ISDADIYANTO SRI , MARDIATI SITI MUFLICATUN 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Handayani S, Sitasiwi AJ, Isdadiyanto S, Mardiati SM. 2022. Effect of giving nanochitosan preparations ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) against pancreatic histology of white rat male (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley. Cell Biol Dev 6: 13-19. The selection of herbal plants as a treatment in the community is considered safer, more practical, and cheaper than synthetic drugs. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) is one of the herbal plants that have the potential as an antioxidant. However, the low bioavailability of drugs and the distribution of active compounds in herbal plants are constraints in administering drugs orally. The solution to overcome this problem is to prepare the test material in the form of nanochitosan. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem (A. indica) leaf extract on the pancreas histology of male Sprague Dawley rats. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 32 rats aged 2 months divided into 4 treatments, and each treatment consisted of 6 replications. P0 (normal rat group treated with 2 mL distilled water, P1 (normal rats induced with Natrium tripolifosfat "NaTPP" and 2 mL chitosan), P2 (normal rat group induced by nanochitosan neem leaf ethanol extract 1:0.5), P3 (normal rat group induced nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves 1:1). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5%. Data that were not normally distributed were tested by the Kruskal Wallis test and Duncan's test. The results showed that the administration of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves 1:0.5 and 1:1 had no significant effect on the diameter parameter of the islets of Langerhans (P?0.05) but had a significant effect on the parameters of pancreatic weight and damage scoring of the islets of Langerhans (P?0.05). The administration of nanochitosan preparations of ethanolic extract of neem leaves can deliver bioactive compounds neem to the pancreas and minimize damage to the cells that make up the islets of Langerhans due to toxic neem compounds.
Interactions between soil additives and a variety of naturally occurring nematode-demolishing fungi in banana fields of Meru and Embu Counties, Kenya
Authors: WAIRIMU WANGU JANE , KIMENJUL JOHN W. , MUIRU WILLIAM M. , WACHIRA PETER M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Wairimu WJ, Kimenjul JW, Muiru WM, Wachira PM. 2022. Interactions between soil additives and a variety of naturally occurring nematode-demolishing fungi in banana fields of Meru and Embu Counties, Kenya. Cell Biol Dev 6: 82-93. Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a significant danger to banana production, as they reduce the productivity, quality, and lifetime of banana orchards. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity, quantity, and occurrence of nematode-demolishing fungi in banana production farms to use them to manage plant-parasitic nematodes. Also examined was the impact of organic and inorganic soil additives on nematode-demolishing fungi. The study region was divided into three agroecological zones: UM3 (Low), UM2 (Middle), and UM 1 (Upper). Ten farms were chosen randomly for a soil sample in each zone to determine the diversity and abundance of nematode-demolishing fungi. One farm was chosen randomly for soil additive treatments in each zone. The gathered soil samples were used to isolate and identify nematode-demolishing fungi at the species level. The diversity of nematode-demolishing fungi varied significantly between zones, with the highest variety and number of fungi found in the highest zone. Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium, Nematoctonus, Harposporium, and Paecilomyces were the identified genera. Arthrobotrys was the most often isolated genus, with a frequency of 45%, followed by Harposporium, with a frequency of 18%. The remaining three genera each had a frequency of 9%. The A. dactyloides, A. oligospora, A. robusta, A. longispora, A. superba, H. anguillulae, H. crassum, Meria coniospora, Monacrosporium cionopagum, N. leiosporus, and P. lilacinus were among the species identified. The A. oligospora had captured and destroyed 98 plant parasite nematodes, whereas M. cionopagum and Dactyllela phymatopaga had eliminated 88 and 76 plant parasitic nematodes, respectively, within the same time frame. The amount of nematode-demolishing fungi was significantly different between the various soil additives, with chicken dung having the greatest number of 74 isolates, followed by cow manure, goat manure, the control treatment, and inorganic additive with 71, 69, 54, and 39 isolates, respectively. The amount of isolated nematode-demolishing fungi fluctuated throughout time, from 89 pre-treatment isolates to 122 after three months and 96 after six months. The variation of nematode-demolishing fungi over time was significantly different, demonstrating the impact of diverse soil additives on their existence. Arthrobotrys spp. is a suitable option for field efficacy studies since it was the most diversified, had the highest demolishing rate, and the organic additives facilitated its dispersion in banana plantations.
High-efficiency metalens-based compact multispectral variable spectrometer
Authors: Ke Yachen , Nie Boyang , Wei Lidong , Jing Juanjuan , Zhou Jinsong , Feng Lei 
Published: January 2023

Conventional spectrometers are bulky, and researchers have continuously made efforts in
their miniaturization and integration in recent years. Among these
studies, metalenses have attracted immense interest because of their
merits of a flat shape and flexible regulation. Herein, we introduce a
design of a polarization-insensitive metalens-based spectrometer that
utilizes an off-axis high-efficiency broadband metalens in the
wavelength range of 500–1000 nm. The demonstrated metalens
consisting of nanopillars employs propagation phase and phase function
optimization methods and can achieve spectral resolutions of
0.6 nm with efficiency as high as 77%. By stitching metalenses
with different focal lengths, the functionality of the spectrometer
can be expanded. Hence, a compact variable design with favorable
focusing and dispersive properties can be achieved by one single
component instead of traditional cascading optics, thus shrinking the
volume to the millimeter scale and reducing cost. This research proves
the potential for applications of metalenses in spectrometers as well
as other consumer and industry products.
Boron carbide thin film surface characterization after graphitic carbon removal using low-pressure oxygen gas RF plasma
Authors: Yadav Praveen K. , Gupta Raj Kumar , Gupta Shruti , Mukherjee C. , Goutam U. K. , Modi Mohammed H. 
Published: January 2023

B

4

C

-coated thin film mirrors are used in
high brilliance synchrotron and x-ray free electron laser beamlines
due to their low absorption coefficient and high thermal stability. As
in the case of gold, platinum, and other thin film mirrors,

B

4

C

-coated mirrors also are affected due
to synchrotron radiation-induced carbon contaminations in beamlines.
In the present study, a graphitic carbon (

C

) layer deposited on top of boron
carbide (

B

x

C

) thin film surface is removed by five
successive oxygen radio frequency (RF) plasma exposures (RF power,
10 W;

O

2

flow, 30 sccm; exposure time,
10 min each). Before and after the carbon layer removal,
structural and compositional properties of the

B

x

C

/

C

bilayer are characterized by soft
x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing angle
x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Characterization
results reveal that in the first four exposures the carbon layer
thickness decreases continuously without affecting the

B

x

C

layer properties; however, in the
fifth exposure, the carbon layer is completely removed along with a
partial etching of the

B

x

C

layer too.
Optimizing performance for an on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering-based isolator
Authors: Lai Choon Kong , Merklein Moritz , Casas-Bedoya Alvaro , Liu Yang , Madden Stephen J. , Poulton Christopher G. , Steel Michael J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2023

Non-reciprocal optical components such as isolators and circulators are crucial for preventing catastrophic backreflection and controlling optical cross talk in photonic systems. While non-reciprocal devices based on Brillouin intermodal transitions have been experimentally demonstrated in chip-scale platforms, harnessing such interactions has required a suspended waveguide structure, which is challenging to fabricate and is potentially less robust than a non-suspended structure, thereby limiting the design flexibility. In this paper, we numerically investigate the performance of a Brillouin-based isolation scheme in which a dual-pump-driven optoacoustic interaction is used to excite confined acoustic waves in a traditional ridge waveguide. We find that acoustic confinement, and therefore the amount of Brillouin-driven mode conversion, can be enhanced by selecting an appropriate optical mode pair and waveguide geometry of two arsenic-based chalcogenide platforms. Further, we optimize the isolator design in its entirety, including the input couplers, mode filters, the Brillouin-active waveguide as well as the device fabrication tolerances. We predict such a device can achieve 30 dB isolation over a 38 nm bandwidth when 500 mW pump power is used; in the presence of a

±

10

n
m

fabrication-induced width error, such isolation can be maintained over a 5–10 nm bandwidth.
Distribution of an analgesic palmitoylethanolamide and other N-acylethanolamines in human placental membranes
Authors: Svobodova Alzbeta , Vrkoslav Vladimir , Smeringaiova Ingrida , Jirsova Katerina 
Published: January 2023

Background
Human amniotic and amniochorionic membranes (AM, ACM) represent the most often used grafts accelerating wound healing. Palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide and anandamide are endogenous bioactive lipid molecules, generally referred as N-acylethanolamines. They express analgesic, nociceptive, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the distribution of these lipid mediators in placental tissues, as they could participate on analgesic and wound healing effect of AM/ACM grafts.

Methods
Seven placentas were collected after caesarean delivery and fresh samples of AM, ACM, placental disc, umbilical cord, umbilical serum and vernix caseosa, and decontaminated samples (antibiotic solution BASE 128) of AM and ACM have been prepared. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for N-acylethanolamines analysis.

Results
N-acylethanolamines were present in all studied tissues, palmitoylethanolamide being the most abundant and the anandamide the least. For palmitoylethanolamide the maximum average concentration was detected in AM (350.33 ± 239.26 ng/g), while oleoylethanolamide and anandamide were most abundant in placenta (219.08 ± 79.42 ng/g and 30.06 ± 7.77 ng/g, respectively). Low levels of N-acylethanolamines were found in serum and vernix. A significant increase in the levels of N-acylethanolamines (3.1–3.6-fold, P < 0.001) was observed in AM when the tissues were decontaminated using antibiotic solution. The increase in decontaminated ACM was not statistically significant.

Conclusions
The presence of N-acylethanolamines, particularly palmitoylethanolamide in AM and ACM allows us to propose these lipid mediators as the likely factors responsible for the anti-hyperalgesic, but also anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, effects of AM/ACM grafts in wound healing treatment. The increase of N-acylethanolamines levels in AM and ACM after tissue decontamination indicates that tissue processing is an important factor in maintaining the analgesic effect.
Adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in Brazil: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Covas Dimas Tadeu , de Jesus Lopes de Abreu Ariane , Zampirolli Dias Carolina , Vansan Ferreira Rafaela , Gonçalves Pereira Ramon , Silva Julian Guilherme 
Published: January 2023

Background
By the fact that pregnant and postpartum women are currently using COVID-19 vaccines, ensure their safety is critical. So, more safety evidence is crucial to include this new technology to their vaccine’s calendar and to develop public policies regarding the support and training of Health Care Personnel. This study aims to describe the adverse events (AE) of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in the early stage of vaccination campaign in Brazil.

Methods
An observational cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian surveillance information system to characterize the AE of COVID-19 vaccines (Sinovac/Butantan, Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca and Janssen) in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women from April to August 2021. Frequency and incidence rate of AE for COVID-19 vaccines were assessed.

Results
3,333 AE following immunization were reported for the study population. AE incidence was 309.4/100,000 doses (95% CI 297.23, 321.51). Within the vaccines available, Sinovac/Butantan had the lowest incidence (74.08/100,000 doses; 95% CI 63.47, 84.69). Systemic events were the most frequent notified (82.07%), followed by local (11.93%) and maternal (4.74%), being most of them classified as non-severe (90.65%).

Conclusion
Our results corroborate the recommendation of vaccination for these groups. Even though, further studies appraising a longer observation time are still needed to provide a broader safety aspect for the vaccines currently under use for this population.
Makna Bentuk Arsitektur Candi Borobudur dalam Pandangan Islam
Authors: Muafani  , Asyhar Kholil  , Robingun Suyud El Syam  , Salis Irvan Fuadi  , Machfudz  
Published: January 2023

Indonesia memiliki monumen Buddha termegah terletak di Kabupaten Magelang sebagai mahakarya arsitektur fenomenal berupa candi Borobudur. Tentulah menarik pemaknaan berdasar kajian Islam. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk candi Borobudur dapat dimaknai sebagai berikut: pertama, bentuk candi Borobudur merupakan inkulturasi bentuk punden berundak sebagai ciri khas arsitektur Nusantara, dapat dikaitkan dengan bilangan tiga unsur kegelapan dalam kandungan seorang ibu; kedua, Sembilan tingkatan dalam bentuk candi Borobudur dapat dikaitkan dengan angka sembilan yang merupakan nilai tertinggi dalam sebuah urutan bilangan, dan dalam Islam ada beberapa hal yang dikaitkan dengan bilangan sembilan di antaranya sembilan macam mukjizat yang diberikan Allah SWT kepada Nabi Musa, ketiga, Jumlah stupa pada candi Borobudur terdiri dari 72 stupa kecil yang mengelilingi sebuah stupa besar sebagai mahkota sehingga jumlahnya menjadi 73 stupa, dapat melambangkan perpecahan umat Islam seperti diterangkan dalam sebuah hadits.
Kata kunci: Borobudur; arsitektur; bentuk; islam
EMPOWERMENT OF MSMEs BASED ON CASH WAQF IN THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Sukardi Siti Murtiyani , Yosoef Hery Sasono 
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is a country with a very large number of MSMEs spread throughout the country. During the Covid-19 Pandemic, there was an extraordinary shock so that many MSMEs went out of business and did not return to their activities. There are many factors that influence it, namely; limited capital, low level of education, lack of business knowledge, limited supporting technology owned by MSME actors in Indonesia. Empowerment of MSMEs based on cash waqf is one possible solution to help MSMEs rise and rebuild their businesses in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The purpose of the study was to analyze the potential of cash waqf for the empowerment of MSMEs in Indonesia. Research based on empirical studies presented descriptively supported by valid data and information obtained from interviews and field observations. Techniques for collecting data from data sources from BAZNAS institutions, journals and articles from competent research results, which have been reviewed and analyzed as the basis for the theories used. The results of this study indicate that MSMEs really need a supply of cash funds to revive MSME businesses and it is necessary to develop MSME management so that they are stronger and can survive in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Keywords: Empowerment, MSMEs, Cash Waqf, Covid-19 Pandemic