bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing Aesthetic Surgery Interest in Men: An 18-Year Analysis
Authors: Lem Melinda , Pham Jason T. , Kim Joshua KyungHo , Tang Cathy J. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Historically, men have been shamed if they cared seemingly too much about their appearance and especially, if they pursued aesthetic surgery. However, due to the changing landscape of the culture, this stigma has seemed to decrease. Men have diverse and quickly changing interests in particular procedures that have not been readily explored in the currently available reports. To examine this, we analyzed interest in specific plastic surgery procedures in men over the last two decades using the Google Trends tool.

Methods
The most common cosmetic procedures were chosen from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons website and served as the search terms for the Google Trends tool from 2004 to 2021. All 19 procedures were examined for overall trends and for changes in the last decade through comparing the data in bisected time periods.

Results
Interest in all plastic surgery procedures in men increased since 2004 except for breast reduction. Most notably, jawline filler, Botox, microneedling, lip filler, chemical peel, CoolSculpting, and butt lift had the largest trend increases. In the last decade, all procedures showed a significant increase in interest.

Conclusions
While surgical volume data are valuable, our study shows that Google Trends is a beneficial tool to predict quickly changing and specific trends, especially as the patient population of plastic surgery grows with increased diversity and generational changes. Our study shows that there is an increase in male-centered plastic surgery procedures, especially nonsurgical facial procedures. Male interest in plastic surgery will continue to increase with time.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Higher-order block-structured hex meshing of tubular structures
Authors: Bošnjak Domagoj , Pepe Antonio , Schussnig Richard , Schmalstieg Dieter , Fries Thomas-Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNumerical simulations of the cardiovascular system are growing in popularity due to the increasing availability of computational power, and their proven contribution to the understanding of pathodynamics and validation of medical devices with in-silico trials as a potential future breakthrough. Such simulations are performed on volumetric meshes reconstructed from patient-specific imaging data. These meshes are most often unstructured, and result in a brutally large amount of elements, significantly increasing the computational complexity of the simulations, whilst potentially adversely affecting their accuracy. To reduce such complexity, we introduce a new approach for fully automatic generation of higher-order, structured hexahedral meshes of tubular structures, with a focus on healthy blood vessels. The structures are modeled as skeleton-based convolution surfaces. From the same skeleton, the topology is captured by a block-structure, and the geometry by a higher-order surface mesh. Grading may be induced to obtain tailored refinement, thus resolving, e.g., boundary layers. The volumetric meshing is then performed via transfinite mappings. The resulting meshes are of arbitrary order, their elements are of good quality, while the spatial resolution may be as coarse as needed, greatly reducing computing time. Their suitability for practical applications is showcased by a simulation of physiological blood flow modelled by a generalised Newtonian fluid in the human aorta.
Transorbital neuroendoscopy-assisted resection of a giant optic pathway glioma in a neonate
Authors: Maseko Rodney , Mabogo Maanda , Lockhat Zarina , Makunyane Priscilla , Ahmad Samia , Bida Meshack , Padayachy Llewellyn 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCongenital
giant orbital tumors in infancy are relatively rare, especially when the tumors are associated with significant intracranial extension. We describe the use of a transorbital neuroendoscopy-assisted resection of such a lesion. While this approach is increasingly gaining popularity for certain anterior and middle skullbase lesions in adults, this report represents the youngest patient reported on where this minimally invasive approach has been successfully used to resect the intracranial tumor. This surgical approach obviated the need for a separate craniotomy, with the additional benefit of minimizing blood loss.
Health-care expenditures are less for minimally invasive than open colectomy for colon cancer: A US commercial claims database analysis
Authors: Bastawrous Amir L. , Shih I.-Fan , Li Yanli , Khalil Marissa , Almaz Biruk , Cleary Robert K. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Most studies comparing surgical platforms focus on short-term outcomes. In this study, we compare the expanding societal penetration of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with open colectomy by assessing payer and patient expenditures up to one year for patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer.

Methods
We analyzed the IBM MarketScan Database for patients who underwent left or right colectomy for colon cancer between 2013 and 2020. Outcomes included perioperative complications and total health-care expenditures up to 1 year following colectomy. We compared results for patients who had open colectomy (OS) to those with MIS operations. Subgroup analyses were performed for adjuvant chemotherapy (AC+) versus no adjuvant chemotherapy (AC-) groups and for laparoscopic (LS) versus robotic (RS) approaches.

Results
Of 7,063 patients, 4,417 cases did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (OS: 20.1%, LS: 67.1%, RS: 12.7%) and 2646 cases had adjuvant chemotherapy (OS: 28.4%, LS: 58.7%, RS: 12.9%) after discharge. MIS colectomy was associated with lower mean expenditure at index surgery and post-discharge periods for AC- patients (index surgery: $34,588 vs $36,975; 365-day post-discharge $20,051 vs $24,309) and for AC+ patients (index surgery: $37,884 vs $42,160; 365-day post-discharge $103,341vs $135,113; p < 0.001 for all comparisons). LS had similar index surgery expenditures but significantly higher expenditures at post-discharge 30 days (AC-: $2,834 vs $2276, p = 0.005; AC+: $9100 vs $7698, p = 0.020) than RS. The overall complication rate was significantly lower in the MIS group than the open group for AC- patients (20.5% vs 31.2%) and AC+ patients (22.6% vs 39.1%, both p < 0.001).

Conclusion
MIS colectomy is associated with better value at lower expenditure than open colectomy for colon cancer at the index operation and up to one year after surgery. RS expenditure is less than LS in the first 30 postoperative days regardless of chemotherapy status and may extend to 1 year for AC- patients.
Development and validation of a preoperative difficulty scoring system for endoscopic resection of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor: a multi-center study
Authors: Liu Luojie , Han Mei , Shi Dongtao , Wang Qinghua , Feng Yunfu , Lu Fenying , Li Rui , Xu Xiaodan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Endoscopic resection (ER) is a promising technique for resecting gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gGISTs); however, ER is technically challenging. This study aimed to develop and validate a difficulty scoring system (DSS) to determine the difficulty for ER of a gGIST.

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled 555 patients with gGISTs in multi-centers from December 2010 to December 2022. Data on patients, lesions, and outcomes of ER were collected and analyzed. A difficult case was defined as an operative time ≥ 90 min, or the occurrence of severe intraoperative bleeding, or conversion to laparoscopic resection. The DSS was developed in the training cohort (TC) and validated in the internal validation cohort (IVC) and external validation cohort (EVC).

Results
The difficulty occurred in 97 cases (17.5%). The DSS comprised the following: tumor size ≥ 3.0 cm (3 points) or 2.0–3.0 cm (1 point); location in the upper third of the stomach (2 points); invasion depth beyond the muscularis propria (2 points); lack of experience (1 point). The area under the curve (AUC) of DSS in IVC and EVC was 0.838 and 0.864, respectively, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.923 and 0.972, respectively. The proportions of difficult operation in easy (score 0–3), intermediate (score 4–5), and difficult (score 6–8) categories were 6.5%, 29.4%, and 88.2% in the TC, 7.7%, 45.8%, and 85.7% in the IVC, and 7.0%, 29.4%, and 85.7% in the EVC, respectively.

Conclusions
We developed and validated a preoperative DSS for ER of gGISTs based on tumor size, location, invasion depth, and endoscopists’ experience. This DSS can be used to grade the technical difficulty before surgery.
Repeated steroid injection and polyglycolic acid shielding for prevention of refractory esophageal stricture
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Tsuji Yosuke , Sato Junichi , Kubota Dai , Obata Miho , Cho Rina , Nagao Sayaka , Miura Yuko , Ohki Daisuke , Mizutani Hiroya , Yakabi Seiichi , Kakushima Naomi , Niimi Keiko , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Postoperative stricture and refractory stricture are severe adverse events which occur after expansive esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of steroid injection, polyglycolic acid (PGA) shielding, and of additional steroid injection thereafter for the prevention of refractory esophageal stricture.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of 816 consecutive cases of esophageal ESD performed between 2002 and 2021 at the University of Tokyo Hospital. After 2013, all patients with a diagnosis of superficial esophageal carcinoma covering over 1/2 the esophageal circumference underwent preventive treatment immediately after ESD with either “PGA shielding”, “steroid injection”, or “steroid injection + PGA shielding”. Additional steroid injection was performed for high-risk patients after 2019.

Results
The risk of refractory stricture was especially high in the cervical esophagus (OR 24.77, p = 0.002) and after total circumferential resection (OR 894.04, p < 0.001). “Steroid injection + PGA shielding” was the only method significantly effective in preventing stricture occurrence (OR 0.36; 95% CI 0.15–0.83, p = 0.012). This method also decreased the risk of refractory stricture (OR 0.38; 95% CI 0.10–1.28, p = 0.096), but additional steroid injection was the only significantly effective method for prevention of refractory stricture (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.14–0.98, p = 0.029).

Conclusion
Combining steroid injection and PGA shielding is effective for preventing post-ESD stricture and refractory stricture. Additional steroid injection is a viable option for patients at high-risk for refractory stricture.

Graphical abstract
Psychosocial interventions for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: rapid review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hoedl Manuela , Osmancevic Selvedina , Thonhofer Nina , Reiter Lea , Schoberer Daniela 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThis rapid review was conducted by following a predefined protocol developed by the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group. A total of 172 potential reviews and 167 primary studies of interest were found. AMSTAR II was used to assess the quality of the included reviews and the JBI Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials for primary studies. Overall, four studies were included in this review. The study quality ranged from 5 to 12 out of 13 possible stars. No robust evidence was found that psychosocial interventions can reduce psychological distress. No significant effect could be found regarding post-traumatic stress. Two studies on anxiety were identified, one which showed an effect and another which did not. The psychosocial intervention had no beneficial effect on burnout and depression, whereas providing a mindfulness- or relaxation-based intervention resulted in a significant improvement in sleep quality. By considering the secondary results and results of previous reviews, a combination of training and mindfulness seems to be beneficial for decreasing anxiety and stress in home care workers. In summary, the evidence-based recommendations are still limited and, therefore, more evidence is needed to make a general statement of high certainty about the effects.
Probabilistic causal bipolar abstract argumentation: an approach based on credal networks
Authors: Morveli-Espinoza Mariela , Nieves Juan Carlos , Tacla Cesar Augusto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe Bipolar Argumentation Framework approach is an extension of the Abstract Argumentation Framework. A Bipolar Argumentation Framework considers a support interaction between arguments, besides the attack interaction. As in the Abstract Argumentation Framework, some researches consider that arguments have a degree of uncertainty, which impacts on the degree of uncertainty of the extensions obtained from a Bipolar Argumentation Framework under a semantics. In these approaches, both the uncertainty of the arguments and of the extensions are modeled by means of precise probability values. However, in many real application domains there is a need for aggregating probability values from different sources so it is not suitable to aggregate such probability values in a unique probability distribution. To tackle this challenge, we use credal networks theory for modelling the uncertainty of the degree of belief of arguments in a BAF. We also propose an algorithm for calculating the degree of uncertainty of the extensions inferred by a given argumentation semantics. Moreover, we introduce the idea of modelling the support relation as a causal relation. We formally show that the introduced approach is sound and complete w.r.t the credal networks theory.
The abscopal effect of anti-CD95 and radiotherapy in melanoma
Authors: Xu Jixiang , He JiangFeng , He JiaJun , He Yuanmin , Zhang DaoJun , Kong Rui , Dan Kena 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently adopted to control cancer cell proliferation, which is achieved by altering the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunogenicity. Apoptosis of cancer cells is the major effect of radiation on tumor tissues. Fas/APO-1(CD95) receptors on the cell membrane are death receptors that can be activated by diverse factors, including radiation and integration with CD95L on CD8+ T cells. The abscopal effect is defined as tumor regression out of the local RT field, and it is produced through anti-tumor immunity. The immune response against the radiated tumor is characterized by the cross-presentation between antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which includes cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and dendritic cells (DCs).

Methods
The effect of activation and radiation of CD95 receptors on melanoma cell lines was examined in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, bilateral lower limbs were given a subcutaneous injection of a dual-tumor. Tumors in the right limb were radiated with a single dose of 10 Gy (primary tumor), while tumors in the left limb (secondary tumor) were spared.

Results
The anti-CD95 treatment plus radiation (combination treatment) reduced growth rates of both primary and secondary tumors relative to the control or radiation groups. In addition, higher degrees of infiltrating CTLs and DCs were detected in the combination treatment compared to the other groups, but the immune response responsible for secondary tumor rejection was not proven to be tumor specific. In vitro, combination treatment combined with radiation resulted in further apoptosis of melanoma cells relative to controls or cells treated with radiation.

Conclusions
Targeting CD95 on cancer cells will induce tumor control and the abscopal effect.
Material flow control in Remanufacturing Systems with random failures and variable processing times
Authors: Paschko Felix , Knorn Steffi , Krini Abderrahim , Kemke Markus 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMaterial flow control in remanufacturing is an important issue in the field of disassembly. This paper deals with the potential of autonomous material release decisions for remanufacturing systems to balance the uncertainties related to changing bottlenecks, to maximise throughput ($$TH$$

TH

) and to minimise work-in-process ($$WIP$$

WIP

). The goal is to achieve the highest possible throughput rate using real-time data while keeping costs to a minimum. Unlike traditional production systems, remanufacturing must consider and handle high uncertainties in the process. Up to now, classical methods such as CONWIP, Material Requirement Planning (MRP) and Kanban have been used for material flow control. However, these methods do not perform well in a system with high variation and uncertainties such as remanufacturing as they aim to find solutions for static environments. Crucial for optimal production in stochastic environments is finding the optimum pull or release rate which can vary over time in terms of maximising $$TH$$

TH

and minimising $$WIP$$

WIP

. We propose a deep reinforcement learning approach that acts on the environment and can adapt to changing conditions. This ensures that changing bottlenecks are taken care of and that there is a minimum $$WIP$$

WIP

in the system.
Pleurocystites?scylla, a new species of pleurocystitid rhombiferan, and comments on early echinoderm teratologies
Authors: Sweeney Aidan , Sumrall Colin D. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPleurocystitid echinoderms are known to have consistent plating in the theca or body. However, many specimens with aberrant plating are known among glyptocystitoids (Glyptocystella,Hadrocystis,Tyrridiocystis, and so on) as well as the new Ordovician speciesPleurocystites?scylla, described here from the Benbolt Formation near Thorn Hill, Tennessee, USA. The presence of an extra plate in the holotype ofP?scyllais most likely teratological. While teratology is often misconstrued as parasitism and pathology, it is easily recognized among glyptocystitoid rhombiferans because of the conservative nature of plate arrangements found in these taxa. Teratologic features in stemmed echinoderm thecae appear only to alter suture positioning and not significantly change the thecal shape or diminish the diagnosability of a specimen taxonomically.UUID:http://zoobank.org/287bb0b9-2df5-4b9a-b1ea-0d3cd7923826
Lxs anarquistas
Authors: Craib Raymond 
Published: May 2023

This essay reviews the following works:Rebellion in Patagonia. By Osvaldo Bayer. Chico, CA: Edinburgh AK Press, 2016. Pp. 425. $21.95 paperback. ISBN: 1849352216.Anarchism in Latin America. By Angel J. Cappelletti. Baltimore: AK Press, 2017. Pp. 429. $20.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781849352826.Writing Revolution: Hispanic Anarchism in the United States. Edited by Christopher J. Castañeda and Montse Feu. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2019. Pp. xvi + 305. $30.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252084577.155: Simón Radowitzky. By Agustín Comotto. Madrid: Nórdica Libros, 2018. Pp. 269. $46.00 paperback. ISBN: 8417281525.Bad Mexicans: Race, Empire and Revolution in the Borderlands. By Kelly Lytle Hernández. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 2022. Pp. 384. $24.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781324004370.For a Just and Better World: Engendering Anarchism in the Mexican Borderlands, 1900–1938. By Sonia Hernández. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2021. Pp. xxiv + 222. $28.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252086106.El anarquismo y la emancipación de la mujer en Chile, 1890–1927. By Manuel Lagos Mieres. Santiago de Chile: Centro de Estudios Sociales Lombardozzi, 2017. Pp. 436.Anarchists of the Caribbean: Countercultural Politics and Transnational Networks in the Age of US Expansion. By Kirwin R. Shaffer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 318. $49.99 hardcover. ISBN: 9781108489034.The World in a City: Multiethnic Radicalism in Early Twentieth-Century Los Angeles. By David M. Struthers. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 2019. Pp. 310. $28.00 paperback. ISBN: 9780252084256.
“Gundamentalism”
Authors: Tucker Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

“They talk about gun rights. What about Chris's right to live?”—Richard Martinez, after his son Chris was killed in the 2014 Santa Barbara spree shootings“Your dead kids don't trump my Constitutional rights.”—Joe “the Plumber” Wurzlebacher, responding to Richard MartinezFirearms and ballistics are at the center of public debate in the United States today. They are technologies that are associated both with danger (in the form of gun violence) and safety (in the form of claims that firearms offer personal protection). This essay explores our understanding of the role of gun rights in American society through history: an issue which recent Supreme Court rulings have moved to the forefront of political debates in the face of efforts to regulate firearms and stem the tide of gun violence in the United States.
From resolution to resecuritization: populist communication of the AKP’s Kurdish peace process in Turkey
Authors: Dinc Pinar , Ozduzen Ozge 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article contributes to the existing literature on the populist online communication of governments. We look at the role of the micro-blogging social media platform Twitter under the authoritarian rule of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and the wider Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi; AKP) during the peace process. We carried out a rhetorical analysis of the Twitter posts of four key AKP actors – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Ahmet Davutoğlu, Yalçın Akdoğan, and Efkan Ala – between July 1, 2012 and November 1, 2015. First, we show that the AKP actors persistently label the Kurdish political movement in Turkey and in Syria as a threat to the national security of Turkey, reflected in their rhetoric toward the remilitarization and resecuritization of Turkey’s Kurdish question within and across its borders. Second, we argue that the AKP used the peace process and various persuasive communicative techniques not only to consolidate Kurdish electoral support, but also to reach its aim to remove the Kemalist military–bureaucratic tutelage in Turkey that was replaced with hyper-presidentialism under the strong personality cult of Erdoğan. Third, we argue that Erdoğan’s increased one-man power has been reflected in the AKP’s branding itself as the only viable choice for the Kurdish region’s stability, which has blocked more constructive dialogue toward a peaceful resolution to the Kurdish question.
Doing Ethnicity: Multi-layered Ethnic Scripts in Contemporary China
Authors: Mao Jingyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrawing on lengthy ethnographic fieldwork with ethnic performers in South-West China, this article seeks to explore the multi-layered ethnic scripts in contemporary China. Ethnic performers are people who perform ethnic songs and dances in restaurants or tourist sites, most of whom are rural–urban migrants from ethnic minority backgrounds. Ethnic performers’ ambivalences regarding whether they are “authentic minorities” points to the inadequacy of attempting to understand ethnicity in an essentialized way. Understanding ethnicity as something people do rather than who they are, the concept of “ethnic scripts” is proposed as a conceptual tool to illuminate the cultural and social repertoires which deeply shape people's understanding of and ways of doing ethnicity. By exploring the multi-layered meaning of ethnic scripts in contemporary China, this article highlights the ways that ethnic scripts are closely related to migrant performers’ emotions and sense of self, and addresses the fact that ethnic scripts are inherently gendered.