bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Postdischarge Interventions for Children Treated for Moderate or Severe Wasting, Growth Faltering or Failure, or Edema
Authors: Bliznashka Lilia , Rattigan Susan M. , Sudfeld Christopher R. , Isanaka Sheila 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceChildren treated for acute malnutrition remain at increased risk of relapse, infection, and mortality after programmatic recovery. Global guidelines for the management of acute malnutrition currently provide no recommendations to sustain recovery following treatment discharge.ObjectiveTo inform guideline development by evaluating the evidence on postdischarge interventions to improve outcomes within 6 months after discharge.Evidence ReviewIn this systematic review, 8 databases were searched from inception through December 2021 and included randomized and quasi-experimental studies investigating interventions delivered after discharge from nutritional treatment for children aged 0 to 59 months. Outcomes were relapse, deterioration to severe wasting, readmission, sustained recovery, anthropometry, all-cause mortality, and morbidity within 6 months after discharge. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated with the GRADE approach.FindingsOf 7124 records identified, 8 studies, conducted in 7 countries between 2003 and 2019 with 5965 participants, were included. The study interventions included antibiotic prophylaxis (n = 1), zinc supplementation (n = 1), food supplementation (n = 2), psychosocial stimulation (n = 3), unconditional cash transfers (n = 1), and an integrated biomedical, food supplementation, and malaria prevention package (n = 1). Risk of bias was moderate or high for half the studies. Only unconditional cash transfers were associated with reduced relapse, while the integrated package was associated with improved sustained recovery. Zinc supplementation, food supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, and unconditional cash transfers were associated with improvements in postdischarge anthropometry, while zinc supplementation was associated with reductions in multiple postdischarge morbidities.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this systematic review of postdischarge interventions to reduce relapse and improve other postdischarge outcomes among children treated for acute malnutrition, evidence was limited. Biomedical, cash, and integrated interventions showed promise in improving certain postdischarge outcomes for children treated for moderate or severe acute malnutrition in single studies. Further evidence on the efficacy, effectiveness, and operational feasibility of postdischarge interventions in other contexts is needed to inform global guidance development.
A different pattern of clinical, muscle pathology and brain MRI findings in MELAS with mt‐ND variants
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Yuying , Xu Xuebi , Ma Xiaotian , Sun Yuan , Lin Yan , Zhao Ying , Xu Zhihong , Wang Jiayin , Ren Hong , Wang Bin , Zhao Dandan , Wang Dongdong , Liu Fuchen , Li Wei , Yan Chuanzhu , Ji Kunqian 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke‐like episodes (MELAS) caused by mitochondrial DNA‐encoded complex I subunit (mt‐ND) variants.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the clinical, myopathological and brain MRI features of patients with MELAS caused by mt‐ND variants (MELAS‐mtND) were collected and compared with those of MELAS patients carrying the m.3243A > G variant (MELAS‐A3243G).ResultA total of 18 MELAS‐mtND patients (female: 7; median age: 24.5 years) represented 15.9% (n = 113) of all patients with MELAS caused by mtDNA variants in our neuromuscular center from January 2012 to June 2022. In this MELAS‐mtND cohort, the two most common variants were m.10191 T > C (4/18, 22.2%) and m.13513 G > A (3/18, 16.7%). The most frequent symptoms were seizures (14/18, 77.8%) and muscle weakness (11/18, 61.1%). Compared with 87 MELAS‐A3243G patients, MELAS‐mtND patients were significantly more likely to have a variant that was absent in blood cells (40% vs. 1.4%). Furthermore, MELAS‐mtND patients had a significantly lower MDC score (7.8 ± 2.7 vs. 9.8 ± 1.9); less hearing loss (27.8% vs. 54.0%), diabetes (11.1% vs. 37.9%), and migraine (33.3% vs. 62.1%); less short stature (males ≤ 165 cm; females ≤ 155 cm; 23.1% vs. 60.8%) and higher body mass index (20.4 ± 2.5 vs. 17.8 ± 2.7). MELAS‐mtND patients had significantly more normal muscle pathology (31.3% vs. 4.1%) and fewer RRFs/RBFs (62.5% vs. 91.9%), COX‐deficient fibers/blue fibers (25.0% vs. 85.1%) and SSVs (50.0% vs. 81.1%). Moreover, brain MRI evaluated at the first stroke‐like episode showed significantly more small cortical lesions in MELAS‐mtND patients (66.7% vs. 12.2%).InterpretationOur results suggested that MELAS‐mtND patients have distinct clinical, myopathological and brain MRI features compared with MELAS‐A3243G patients.
H∞‐FIR filtering of disturbed systems using LMI under measurement and initial errors
Authors: López‐Solórzano Juan J. , Shmaliy Yuriy S. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryFinite impulse response (FIR) filtering is known to be more robust than Kalman filtering. In this article, we derive a discrete convolution‐based ‐FIR observer for disturbed systems under measurement and initial errors. The gain for the ‐FIR observer is obtained numerically by solving a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Since the LMI has a term that is quadratic with respect to the filter gain, we modify and constrain LMI by introducing an additional variable and proving a theorem. It is shown numerically and experimentally that for disturbed systems operating under measurement and initial errors, the developed ‐FIR observer surpasses the optimal FIR and Kalman filters in accuracy and has almost the same robustness as a robust unbiased FIR filter.
Emerging Design Strategies Toward Developing Next‐Generation Implantable Batteries and Supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Meimei , Peng Yuanyou , Wang Xiangya , Ran Fen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the development of implantable bioelectronics has garnered significant attention. With the continuous advancement of IoT and information technology, implantable bioelectronics can be utilized more effectively for health monitoring to enhance treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and improve quality of life. Implantable energy storage devices have been widely studied as critical components for energy supply. Conventional power sources are bulky, inflexible, and potentially contain materials that are dangerous to the body. Meanwhile, human tissues are soft, flexible, dynamic, and closed, which puts new requirements on energy storage devices to improve the safety, stability, and matching of implantable batteries or supercapacitors. Herein, recent advances in state‐of‐the‐art nonconventional power options for implantable electronics, specifically biocompatible, miniaturized, stretchable/deformable, biodegradable/bioresorbable, edible, and injectable energy storage devices, are reviewed in this paper. The material strategy and architectural design of the next‐generation implantable energy storage device are discussed, including the selection principle of electrolytes, the all‐in‐one structure design strategy, and the way to realize self‐charging. Finally, the challenges and prospects of emerging design strategies toward developing next‐generation implantable batteries and supercapacitors for the future are put forward.
Scalable Fabrication of Cu2S@NiS@Ni/NiMo Hybrid Cathode for High‐Performance Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Ma Tengfei , Chen Haocheng , Pan Dianhui , Wang Zhongfeng , Zhang Sixie , Zhang Ping , Bao Shanjun , Yang Qihao , Zhou Lihui , Tian Ziqi , Dai Sheng , Lu Zhiyi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with cost‐effectiveness, high performance, and repeatable scale‐up production hold promises for large‐scale green hydrogen generation technology. Herein, a convenient method for scaling up Cu2S@NiS@Ni/NiMo electrocatalysts on Cu foam with high geometric area over 100 cm2 is presented. The hybrid electrode exhibits high hydrogen evolution activity with 190 and 250 mV overpotential at 1000 mA cm−2 and superior stability with negligible overpotential loss after over 2000 h at 500 mA cm−2 under steady‐state conditions in both artificial seawater and real seawater. Detailed characterizations and simulations demonstrate that high intrinsic activity resulting from the unique boundary interface, enhance mass transport resulting from superaerophobic nanoarray architecture, and corrosion resistance resulting from polyanion‐rich passivating layers together lead to the outstanding performance. The practicability is also demonstrated in an alkaline seawater electrolyzer coupling with the hybrid electrode and stable commercial anode.
Nanoheterojunction Engineering Enables NIR‐II‐Triggered Photonic Hyperthermia and Pyroelectric Catalysis for Tumor‐Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Zhang Shan , Wu Lina , Shi Wenqiang , Qin Junchang , Feng Wei , Chen Yu , Zhang Ruifang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) as a non‐invasive strategy shows high promise in cancer treatment. However, owing to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and light irradiation‐mediated rapid electron–hole pair recombination, the therapeutic efficacy of PDT is dramatically discounted by limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Herein, a multifunctional theranostic nanoheterojunction is rationally developed, in which 2D niobium carbide (Nb2C) MXene is in situ grown with barium titanate (BTO) to generate a robust photo‐pyroelectric catalyst, termed as BTO@Nb2C nanosheets, for enhanced ROS production, originating from the effective electron–hole pair separation induced by the pyroelectric effect. Under the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) laser irradiation, Nb2C MXene core‐mediated photonic hyperthermia regulates temperature variation around BTO shells facilitating the electron–hole spatial separation, which reacts with the surrounding O2 and H2O molecules to yield toxic ROS, achieving a synergetic effect by means of combinaterial photothermal therapy with pyrocatalytic therapy. Correspondingly, the engineered BTO@Nb2C composite nanosheets feature benign biocompatibility and high antitumor efficiency with the tumor‐inhibition rate of 94.9% in vivo, which can be applied as an imaging‐guided real‐time non‐invasive synergetic dual‐mode therapeutic nanomedicine for efficient tumor nanotherapy.
Functional Nanomaterials for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives
Authors: Abdullah Saqer Al , Najm Lubna , Ladouceur Liane , Ebrahimi Farbod , Shakeri Amid , Al‐Jabouri Nadine , Didar Tohid F. , Dellinger Kristen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the main causes of dementia worldwide, whereby neuronal death or malfunction leads to cognitive impairment in the elderly population. AD is highly prevalent, with increased projections over the next few decades. Yet current diagnostic methods for AD occur only after the presentation of clinical symptoms. Evidence in the literature points to potential mechanisms of AD induction beginning before clinical symptoms start to present, such as the formation of amyloid beta (Aβ) extracellular plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Biomarkers of AD, including Aβ40, Aβ42, and tau protein, amongst others, show promise for early AD diagnosis. Additional progress is made in the application of biosensing modalities to measure and detect significant changes in these AD biomarkers within patient samples, such as cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and blood, serum, or plasma. Herein, a comprehensive review of the emerging nano‐biomaterial approaches to develop biosensors for AD biomarkers’ detection is provided. Advances, challenges, and potential of electrochemical, optical, and colorimetric biosensors, focusing on nanoparticle‐based (metallic, magnetic, quantum dots) and nanostructure‐based biomaterials are discussed. Finally, the criteria for incorporating these emerging nano‐biomaterials in clinical settings are presented and assessed, as they hold great potential for enhancing early‐onset AD diagnostics.
Multi‐Site Intermolecular Interaction for In Situ Formation of Vertically Orientated 2D Passivation Layer in Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Le , Tang Jin , Li Saisai , Yu Zhibin , Du Jiajia , Bai Ling , Li Xiaofang , Yuan Mingjian , Jiu Tonggang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface passivation via 2D perovskite is critical for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve remarkable performances, in which the applied spacer cations play an important role on structural templating. However, the random orientation of 2D perovskite always hinder the carrier transport. Herein, multiple nitrogen sites containing organic spacer molecule (1H‐Pyrazole‐1‐carboxamidine hydrochloride, PAH) is introduced to form 2D passivation layer on the surface of formamidinium based (FAPbI3) perovskite. Deriving from the interactions between PAH and PbI2, the defects of FAPbI3 perovskite are effectively passivated. Interestingly, due to the multiple‐site interactions, the 2D nanosheets are found to grow perpendicularly to the substrate for promotion of charge transfer. Therefore, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 24.6% and outstanding long‐term stability are achieved for the 2D/3D perovskite devices. The findings further provide a perspective in structure design of novel organic halide salts for the fabrication of efficient and stable PSCs.
Unraveling the Atomic‐scale Mechanism of Phase Transformations and Structural Evolutions during (de)Lithiation in Si Anodes
Authors: Fu Fangjia , Wang Xiaoxu , Zhang Linfeng , Yang Yifang , Chen Jianhui , Xu Bo , Ouyang Chuying , Xu Shenzhen , Dai Fu‐Zhi , E Weinan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnraveling the reaction paths and structural evolutions during charging/discharging processes are critical for the development and tailoring of silicon anodes for high‐capacity batteries. However, a mechanistic understanding is still lacking due to the complex phase transformations between crystalline (c‐) and amorphous (a‐) phases involved in electrochemical cycles. In this study, by employing a newly developed machine learning potential, the key experimental phenomena not only reproduce, including voltage curves and structural evolution pathways, but also provide atomic scale mechanisms associated with these phenomena. The voltage plateaus of both the c‐Si and a‐Si lithiation processes are predicted with the plateau value difference close to experimental measurements, revealing the two‐phase reaction mechanism and reaction path differences. The observed voltage hysteresis between lithiation and delithiation mainly originates from the transformation between the c‐Li15‐δSi4 and a‐Li15‐δSi4 phases. Furthermore, stress accumulation is simulated along different reaction paths, indicating a better cycling stability of the a‐Si anode due to the lower stress concentration. Overall, the study provides a theoretical understanding of the thermodynamics of the complex structural evolutions in Si anodes during (de)lithiation processes, which may play a role in optimizations for battery performances.
Carbon Nanotube Optoelectronic Synapse Transistor Arrays with Ultra‐Low Power Consumption for Stretchable Neuromorphic Vision Systems
Authors: Xie Tanghao , Wang Qinan , Li Min , Fang Yuxiao , Li Gang , Shao Shuangshuang , Yu Wenbo , Wang Suyun , Gu Weibing , Zhao Chun , Tang Minghua , Zhao Jianwen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHigh‐performance stretchable optoelectronic synaptic transistor arrays are key units for constructing and mimicking simulated neuromorphic vision systems. In this study, ultra‐low power consumption and low‐operation‐voltage stretchable all‐carbon optoelectronic synaptic thin film transistors (TFTs) using sorted semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) modified with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as active layers on ionic liquid‐based composite elastomer substrates are first reported. The resulting stretchable TFT devices show enhancement‐mode characteristics with excellent electrical properties (such as the record on/off ratios up to 105, negligible hysteresis, and small subthreshold swing), excellent mechanical tensile properties (such as the only 12.4% and 6.4% degradations of the carrier mobility after 20% vertical and horizontal strain stretching), and optoelectronic synaptic plasticity (for the recognition of Morse codes) with ultra‐low power consumptions (15.38 aJ) at the operating voltage from −1 to 0.2 V. At the same time, the designed nonvolatile conductance of the stretchable SWCNT optoelectronic synapse thin film transistors (SSOSTFTs) stimulated by UV light and the bending angle are first used to simulate stretchable neuromorphic vision systems (including the functions of the crystalline lens and optic cone cells as bionic eyes) for detecting the atmospheric environment with a record accuracy of 95.1% as a bionic eye.
Ultrasound‐Controlled Electron‐Phonon Coupling Augmenting Catalysis of Piezoelectric‐Based Sonosensitizer Safely Against Osteomyelitis
Authors: Fu Jieni , Wu Shuilin , Zhu Shengli , Zheng Yufeng , Jiang Hui , Wang Dongbin , Li Zhaoyang , Cui Zhenduo , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe energy transfer way and efficiency of ultrasound (US) to piezoelectric materials in fluid determines the US catalytic performance of materials and the subsequent sono‐therapeutic effects for deep infection diseases. Herein, on insonation, the microbubble cavitation occurs near the surface of barium orthotitanate/berberine chloride nanoparticles (BTO/Ber NPs), often forming sonoluminescence and high pressure. The light further activates Ber, and the electron transfer happens between activated Ber and changing energy levels of BTO NPs caused by changing pressure. Meanwhile, ultrasound‐driven piezoelectric electron‐phonon coupling simultaneously narrows bandgap and prolongates carrier‐lifetime, leading to more ROS generation. Hence, BTO/Ber NPs show great antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (99.80 ± 0.09%) by microbubble‐mediated sonoporation and catalysis. Meanwhile, BTO/Ber NPs improve bone regeneration by decreasing the inflammatory response and enhancing osteoblast differentiation. US‐mediated microbubbles may offer a safe and efficient treatment to millions of patients suffering from osteomyelitis and pave the way for the highly safe use of ultrasound in deep infections.
A Transparent Poly(vinyl alcohol) Ion‐Conducting Organohydrogel for Skin‐Based Strain‐Sensing Applications
Authors: Paik Jennie J. , Jang Boonjae , Nam Sunghyun , Guo L. Jay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe increasing demand for cost‐efficient and user‐friendly wearable electronic devices has led to the development of stretchable electronics that are both cost‐effective and capable of maintaining sustained adhesion and electrical performance under duress. This study reports on a novel physically crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐based hydrogel that serves as a transparent, strain‐sensing skin adhesive for motion monitoring. By incorporating Zn2+into the ice‐templated PVA gel, a densified amorphous structure is observed through optical and scanning electron microscopy, and it is found that the material can stretch up to 800% strain according to tensile tests. Fabrication in a binary glycerol:water solvent results in electrical resistance in the kΩ range, a gauge factor of 0.84, and ionic conductivity on the scale of 10−4S cm−1, making it a potentially low‐cost candidate for a stretchable electronic material. This study characterizes the relationship between improved electrical performance and polymer–polymer interactions through spectroscopic techniques, which play a role in the transport of ionic species through the material.
Surface Textured Double Layer Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Autonomous and Ultra‐Sensitive Biomedical Sensing
Authors: Riaz Raheel , Dudem Bhaskar , Costa Angeli Martina Aurora , Douaki Ali , Ahmad Mukhtar , Mejia‐Aguilar Abraham , Monsorno Roberto , Lugli Paolo , Silva S. Ravi P. , Petti Luisa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have demonstrated great promise especially for the realization of self‐powered biomedical sensors. Nevertheless, developing TENG sensors able to detect the broad range of biomechanical movements experienced on the human body is still a challenge. Herein, a unique ridge‐structured device sensitive to wide range of forces is reported (i.e., low‐forced pulse monitoring to high‐forced gait monitoring). The device is composed of thermoplastic polyurethane layer sandwiched between two textured silicon elastomeric layers. Compared to non‐textured surface configurations, the proposed ridged‐structure provides an increased frictional contact area between the triboelectric materials, while also acting as a spacer between the triboelectric materials. The influence of ridge dimensions on the output performance is investigated by mechanical simulations and electromechanical experimental tests. The optimized device shows a maximum peak output power and current densities of 490 mW m−2 and 1750 µA m−2, respectively at 30 N and 7 Hz of compressive forces. The proposed device exhibits stable electrical output for 10000 cycles. As a proof of concept, the proposed device is used as wearable sensors for monitoring pulse rate, breath patterns, and gait movements. The study suggests the possibility of utilization of novel‐structured sandwich‐type elastomer ridge‐based TENG in different aspects of biomedical sensing and smart wearable application.
Piezo‐Phototronic Effect‐Induced Self‐Powered Broadband Photodetectors using Environmentally Stable α‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Pal Sourabh , Ghorai Arup , Mahato Somnath , Ray Samit K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUtilizing the remarkably high light absorption and long carrier diffusion length of inorganic perovskites, superior performance self‐powered broadband photodetectors using the vertical heterojunction of cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) nanocrystals (NCs) and zinc oxide (ZnO) films on a flexible platform are reported. Here, the pure cubic or α‐phase of as‐synthesized CsPbI3 NCs facilitate the novelty of the present work in terms of their enhanced structural stability suitable for optical applications. The α‐CsPbI3/ZnO device exhibits superior performance with photoresponsivity of ≈8.2 AW−1, ON/OFF ratio of ≈2.4 × 104, and specific detectivity up to ≈1.4 × 1012 Jones. Furthermore, the piezo‐phototronic effect of ZnO has been exploited to enhance the device performance by utilizing the compressive strain‐induced piezoelectric charges for modulating the generation, separation, and transportation of charge carriers. By introducing an approximate −0.042% compressive strain in the hybrid heterostructure, the enhancement of photocurrent, spectral responsivity, and specific detectivity of the detector by ≈619%, ≈536%, and ≈506%, respectively, under visible light illumination has been successfully achieved. This work not only presents an inventive method for improving the performance of perovskite photodetectors through interface engineering, but it also provides a thorough understanding of the piezo‐phototronic effect on optoelectronic devices.