bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of decision making about psychotropic medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding in women living with severe mental illness: a qualitative study
Authors: Frayne J. , Ellies R. , Nguyen T. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of women living with severe mental illnesses making decisions about psychotropic medication use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and what helped or hindered the decision-making process.

Methods
We report on a qualitative study from 12 women who attended the pregnancy service between May 2018 and June 2019. Interviews occurred at 4–6 weeks postpartum on women with severe mental illnesses, which was nested within a larger mixed-methods study.

Results
Three main themes were elicited from the participants’ transcriptions and included (i) the decision-making process with subthemes of shared decision-making, consistency and complete care, collaboration and clear communication, and challenges of managing medication; (ii) how information is given, with subthemes of information delivery and communication breakdown; and (iii) breastfeeding dilemmas with subthemes of lithium and breastfeeding choice and autonomy regarding breastfeeding on medication.

Conclusion
Findings offer understanding of patients’ experiences in the decision-making and use of psychotropic medication during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Women living with severe mental illnesses, such as bipolar and psychosis, face difficult medication decisions due to uncertainty around use in pregnancy, potentially causing conflict with their dual role as both persons with a diagnosed mental illness but also new mothers. The clinician needs to provide comprehensible and concise information, giving space for a woman’s voice to be heard to guide them from a position of hesitancy to one of assurance. Collaboration within a multidisciplinary team and external care providers combined with consistency of care assists this process.
Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of municipal solid waste (MSW)
Authors: Yaqub Z. T. , Oboirien B. O. , Leion H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChemical Looping Combustion (CLC) has been found to be a better alternative in converting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to energy and has the potential to reduce the generation of dioxins due to the inhibition of the de-novo synthesis of dioxins. This study comprehensively reviews the experimental studies of CLC of MSW, the oxygen carriers, reactor types, performance evaluation, and ash interaction studies. Modeling and simulation studies of CLC of MSW were also critically presented. Plastic waste is MSW’s most studied non-biomass component in MSW under CLC conditions. This is because CLC has been shown to reduce the emission of dioxins and furans, which are normally emitted during the conventional combustion of plastics. From the several oxygen carriers tested with MSW’s CLC, alkaline earth metals (AEM) modified iron ore was the most effective for reducing dioxin emissions, improving combustion efficiency and carbon conversion. Also, oxygen carriers with supports were more reactive than single carriers and CaSO4/Fe2O3 and CaSO4 in silica sol had the highest oxygen transport ability. Though XRD analysis and thermodynamic calculations of the reacted oxygen carriers yielded diverse results due to software computation constraints, modified iron ore produced less HCl and heavy metal chlorides compared to iron ore and ilmenite. However, alkali silicates, a significant cause of fouling, were observed instead. The best reactor configuration for the CLC of MSW is the fluidized bed reactor, because it is easy to obtain high and homogeneous solid–gas mass transfer. Future research should focus on the development of improved oxygen carriers that can sustain reactivity after several cycles, as well as the system’s techno-economic feasibility.
The Development of Cortical Responses to the Integration of Audiovisual Speech in Infancy
Authors: Dopierała Aleksandra A. W. , Pérez David López , Mercure Evelyne , Pluta Agnieszka , Malinowska-Korczak Anna , Evans Samuel , Wolak Tomasz , Tomalski Przemysław 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn adults, the integration of audiovisual speech elicits specific higher (super-additive) or lower (sub-additive) cortical responses when compared to the responses to unisensory stimuli. Although there is evidence that the fronto-temporal network is active during perception of audiovisual speech in infancy, the development of fronto-temporal responses to audiovisual integration remains unknown. In the current study, 5-month-olds and 10-month-olds watched bimodal (audiovisual) and alternating unimodal (auditory + visual) syllables. In this context we use alternating unimodal to denote alternating auditory and visual syllables that are perceived as separate syllables by adults. Using fNIRS we measured responses over large cortical areas including the inferior frontal and superior temporal regions. We identified channels showing different responses to bimodal than alternating unimodal condition and used multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) to decode patterns of cortical responses to bimodal (audiovisual) and alternating unimodal (auditory + visual) speech. Results showed that in both age groups integration elicits cortical responses consistent with both super- and sub-additive responses in the fronto-temporal cortex. The univariate analyses revealed that between 5 and 10 months spatial distribution of these responses becomes increasingly focal. MVPA correctly classified responses at 5 months, with key input from channels located in the inferior frontal and superior temporal channels of the right hemisphere. However, MVPA classification was not successful at 10 months, suggesting a potential cortical re-organisation of audiovisual speech perception at this age. These results show the complex and non-gradual development of the cortical responses to integration of congruent audiovisual speech in infancy.
Trend detection with non-detects in long-term monitoring, a mixed model approach
Authors: Sköld Martin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn long-term monitoring of contaminants in biota, a common approach is to use yearly geometric means of measured concentrations in sampled individuals as a basis for trend analysis. When some or all measurements in a particular year are reported as non-detects, it is unclear how to proceed in calculating the yearly mean. I argue that by casting the problem in terms of a mixed model, non-detects can be accounted for using statistical techniques for censored data. The approach is illustrated using data from the Swedish national monitoring programme for contaminants in biota.
Colonoscopy surveillance in Lynch syndrome is burdensome and frequently delayed
Authors: van Liere Elsa L. S. A. , Jacobs Imke L. , Dekker Evelien , Jacobs Maarten A. J. M. , de Boer Nanne K. H. , Ramsoekh Dewkoemar 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIndividuals with Lynch syndrome have an increased colorectal cancer risk, hence, biennial colonoscopy surveillance is recommended. We aimed to investigate patients’ perception and preferences regarding surveillance, and to further explore compliance behaviour. Individuals with Lynch syndrome received a validated survey evaluating experiences of their three most recent colonoscopies. Individuals were non-compliant to surveillance if the interval between colonoscopies differed ≥ 6 months from the recommended interval. In total, 197 of 291 (68%) invited individuals returned the survey. They mostly underwent colonoscopy biennially (99%), under mild sedation (79%) and with bowel preparation performed by Moviprep® (99%). Surveillance was perceived as impacting quality of life in 21%, and as moderately to extremely burdensome in 57%, particularly in those below age 40. To lower the burden, patients prioritised improvements in volume and taste of bowel preparation, laxation-related bowel movements, waiting times, and a more personal and respectful approach of endoscopic staff. Additionally, many individuals (60%) would favour less-invasive surveillance modalities such as biomarkers. In total, 28% of individuals had delayed colonoscopy surveillance, predominantly for patient-related reasons. An additional 10% considered quitting/postponing surveillance. Upon multivariable analysis, patient-related delay was associated with low and medium education, history of ≤ 4 colonoscopies and having no hospital recall-system. Colonoscopy surveillance in Lynch syndrome is often experienced as burdensome, and frequently delayed. We identified determinants of surveillance behaviour in this population, and present potential interventions to reduce the burden and non-compliance rates.
Isla: integrating full-scale ISA semantics and axiomatic concurrency models (extended version)
Authors: Armstrong Alasdair , Campbell Brian , Simner Ben , Pulte Christopher , Sewell Peter 
Published: May 2023

AbstractArchitecture specifications such as Armv8-A and RISC-V are the ultimate foundation for software verification and the correctness criteria for hardware verification. They should define the allowed sequential and relaxed-memory concurrency behaviour of programs, but hitherto there has been no integration of full-scale instruction-set architecture (ISA) semantics with axiomatic concurrency models, either in mathematics or in tools. These ISA semantics can be surprisingly large and intricate, e.g. 100k$$+$$
+
lines for Armv8-A. In this paper we present a tool, Isla, for computing the allowed behaviours of concurrent litmus tests with respect to full-scale ISA definitions, in the Sail language, and arbitrary axiomatic relaxed-memory concurrency models, in the Cat language. It is based on a generic symbolic engine for Sail ISA specifications. We equip the tool with a web interface to make it widely accessible, and illustrate and evaluate it for Armv8-A and RISC-V. The symbolic execution engine is valuable also for other verification tasks: it has been used in automated ISA test generation for the Arm Morello prototype architecture, extending Armv8-A with CHERI capabilities, and for Iris program-logic reasoning about binary code above the Armv8-A and RISC-V ISA specifications. By using full-scale and authoritative ISA semantics, Isla lets one evaluate litmus tests using arbitrary user instructions with high confidence. Moreover, because these ISA specifications give detailed and validated definitions of the sequential aspects of systems functionality, as used by hypervisors and operating systems, e.g. instruction fetch, exceptions, and address translation, our tool provides a basis for developing concurrency semantics for these. We demonstrate this for the Armv8-A instruction-fetch and virtual-memory models and examples of Simner et al.
Verbal Responsiveness in Parents of Toddlers With and Without Autism During a Home Observation
Authors: Delehanty Abigail , Hooker Jessica L. , Wetherby Amy M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study examined patterns of verbal responsiveness in parents of toddlers (Mage = 20 months) later identified with autism (n = 121), developmental delay (n = 46), or typical development (n = 44) during an hourlong home observation. Parent verbal responsiveness (PVR) was compared using MANOVA across groups and by child expressive language phase. Multiple regression analyses controlling for child age and maternal education were employed to examine the extent to which PVR predicted variance in concurrent child social communication and prospective language skills. Parents provided synchronous responses approximately 90% of the time. Parents of children with autism and developmental delay used smaller proportions of responses that added linguistic information (i.e., expansions and follow-in directives for language) than those of children with typical development. Parents of children in the preverbal phase were more likely, on average, to affirm their children’s acts of intentional communication or provide a follow-in directive for action that did not necessitate a verbal response than to expand or elicit language. Regression results indicated that parental use of expansions and follow-in directives for language made significant contributions to child language outcomes. The patterns we observed may reflect parents’ attunement to their child’s developmental level. Responsiveness to a child’s focus of attention is vital in the earlier stages of language learning; however, results point to the potential importance of parental expansions and follow-in directives for promoting language development across groups in this sample. Directions for intervention research targeting PVR and language skills in toddlers with autism and developmental delays are discussed.
Caregivers’ Assessment of the Sensory Processing Patterns Exhibited by Children with Autism in the Gulf Region
Authors: Alsaedi Rehab H. , Carrington Suzanne , Watters James J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study explored the nature, prevalence, and developmental profiles of sensory processing disorders among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The participants comprised 119 children with ASD and 30 typically developing children and their parents. The Child Sensory Profile-2 was used to assess the children’s sensory processing characteristics. The children with ASD exhibited elevated sensory processing difficulties. Deficits were observed in all the sensory modalities among the children with ASD, except the visual processing modality. Age-related improvements were observed in most sensory processing domains, although non-significant differences were noted in three domains. These findings should enhance understanding of the sensory challenges faced by children with ASD and contribute to the development of individually tailored, targeted, and age-specific therapeutic interventions.
Predictors of Developmental and Adaptive Behaviour Outcomes in Response to Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention and the Early Start Denver Model
Authors: Bent Catherine , Glencross Susan , McKinnon Karen , Hudry Kristelle , Dissanayake Cheryl ,   The Victorian ASELCC Team, Vivanti Giacomo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany autistic children require support to meet their learning needs. Given the heterogeneity within the autism spectrum it is plausible that different types of support might be better suited to different children. However, knowledge on what interventions work best for which children is limited. We examined the outcomes of autistic preschool-aged children receiving one of two community early intervention approaches. Our main objective was to understand which baseline child characteristics might be associated with the degree of individual response to intervention—whether prognostically (i.e., irrespective of intervention received) or predictively (i.e., specifically in the context of one or other EI approach). Participants comprised two matched groups of preschool-aged autistic children receiving either Group-based Early Start Denver Model (G-ESDM; n = 42) delivered in a 1:3–4 staff:child ratio or an Early Intensive Behavioural Intervention (EIBI; n = 40) delivered in combination of 1:1 and 1:2 staff:child ratio. Over an approximate one-year follow-up period, children in both groups made significant gains in Developmental Quotient (DQ) scores, and trend-level gains in adaptive behaviour composite scores. Higher attention to a playful adult measured via an eye-tracking task was prognostically indicative of better verbal DQ and adaptive behaviour outcomes for the cohort overall. Moderation analyses indicated a single predictive effect—of pre-program sustained attention for subsequent NVDQ outcomes specific to those children receiving G-ESDM. These findings suggest that fine-grained measures of learning skills offer promise towards the selection and tailoring of intervention approaches to meet individual children’s learning needs.
Effect of Chandler loop shear and tubing size on thrombus architecture
Authors: Zeng Ziqian , Nallan Chakravarthula Tanmaye , Christodoulides Alexei , Hall Abigail , Alves Nathan J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThrombosis can lead to a wide variety of life-threatening circumstances. As current thrombolytic drug screening models often poorly predict drug profiles, leading to failure of thrombolytic therapy or clinical translation, more representative clot substrates are necessary for drug evaluation. Utilizing a Chandler loop device to form clot analogs at high shear has gained popularity in stroke societies. However, shear-dependent clot microstructure has not been fully addressed and low shear conditions are often overlooked. We herein characterized the impact of wall shear rate (126 to 951 s−1) on clot properties in the Chandler loop. Different revolutions (20–60) per minute and tubing sizes (3.2 to 7.9 mm) were employed to create different sized clots to mimic various thrombosis applications. Increased shear resulted in decreased RBC counts (76.9 ± 4.3% to 17.6 ± 0.9%) and increased fibrin (10 to 60%) based on clot histology. Increased fibrin sheet morphology and platelet aggregates were observed at higher shear under scanning electron microscope. These results show the significant impact of shear and tubing size on resulting clot properties and demonstrate the capability of forming a variety of reproducible in-vivo-like clot analogs in the Chandler loop device controlling for simple parameters to tune clot characteristics.
Graphical Abstract
Degree of conversion and residual monomer elution of 3D-printed, milled and self-cured resin-based composite materials for temporary dental crowns and bridges
Authors: Berghaus Eva , Klocke Thorsten , Maletz Reinhard , Petersen Svea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the elution of residual monomers as a function of the manufacturing process, which are CAD/CAM manufacturing, self-curing and 3D printing. The experimental materials used consisted of the base monomers TEGDMA, Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA and 50 wt.% fillers. Additionally, a 3D printing resin without fillers was tested. The elution of the base monomers into the different media (water, ethanol and ethanol/water (75/25 vol. %)) at 37 °C over a period of up to 120 d as well as the degree of conversion (DC) by FTIR were investigated. No monomer elution could be detected in water. Most residual monomers in both other media were released from the self-curing material whereas the 3D printing composite released relatively little. The CAD/CAM blanks released hardly any quantitatively detectable amounts of monomers. Relative to the base composition, TEGDMA eluted less than Bis-GMA and Bis-EMA. DC did not correlate with residual monomer release; thus, leaching was determined not only by the amount of residual monomers present but by further factors as possibly network density and structure. The CAD/CAM blanks and the 3D printing composite showed similar high DC but lower residual monomer release from the CAD/CAM blank, likewise the self-curing composite and the 3D printing resin exhibited similar DC but different monomer elution. In terms of residual monomer elution and DC, the 3D printing composite seems promising as a new material class for the use as temporary dental crowns and bridges.
Graphical Abstract
Thermophysical properties of n-alkyl-ammonium nitrate ionic liquids (n = 2,3,4) pure and water saturated for energy applications
Authors: Parajó J. J. , Vallet P. , Guimarey M. J. G. , Santiago A. , Teijera T. , Amigo A. , Varela L. M. , Salgado J. , Villanueva M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhase transition temperatures of three ionic liquids (ILs) with ammonium cations of different alkyl chain length and nitrate common anion were determined in this paper by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal stability of these ILs in air and nitrogen atmosphere and the maximum operation temperatures of the compounds were also studied using a thermogravimetric analyser. Furthermore, thermophysical properties as density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity against temperature of these pure ionic liquids were determined and compared with the corresponding values for water saturated samples. For this purpose, different techniques were employed: for density and viscosity a rotational automated viscodensimeter; for thermal conductivity measurements a thermal conductimeter that follows the transient hot-wire method; and for heat capacity measurements a microdifferential scanning calorimeter. Different behaviours were observed depending on the analysed thermophysical properties. In case of dried samples, density and thermal conductivity decrease with alkyl chain; for saturated samples, same tendency is observed for density but is the opposite in case of thermal conductivity. Isobaric specific heat and viscosity increase with alkyl chain length in case of dried samples; for saturated samples same tendency is observed for the viscosity, whereas the tendency is the contrary in case of isobaric specific heat.
Entanglement entropy and hyperuniformity of Ginibre and Weyl–Heisenberg ensembles
Authors: Abreu Luís Daniel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe show that, for a class of planar determinantal point processes (DPP) $$ {\mathcal {X}}$$
X
, the growth of the entanglement entropy $$S({\mathcal {X}}(\Omega )) $$

S
(
X
(
Ω
)
)

of $${\mathcal {X}}\ $$

X

on a compact region $$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^{2d}$$

Ω
⊂

R

2
d

, is related to the variance $${\mathbb {V}}\left( {\mathcal {X}}(\Omega )\right) $$

V

X
(
Ω
)

as follows: $$\begin{aligned} {\mathbb {V}}\left( {\mathcal {X}}(\Omega )\right) \lesssim S\left( \mathcal {X(} \Omega \mathcal {)}\right) \lesssim {\mathbb {V}}\left( {\mathcal {X}}(\Omega )\right) . \end{aligned}$$

V

X
(
Ω
)

≲
S

X
(

Ω
)

≲
V

X
(
Ω
)

.

Therefore, such DPPs satisfy an area law$$S\left( {\mathcal {X}}_{g} \mathcal {(}\Omega \mathcal {)}\right) \lesssim \left| \partial {\Omega } \right| $$

S

X
g

(
Ω
)

≲

∂
Ω

, where $$\partial {\Omega }$$

∂
Ω

is the boundary of $$\Omega $$
Ω
if they are of Class I hyperuniformity ($${\mathbb {V}}\left( {\mathcal {X}} (\Omega )\right) \lesssim \left| \partial {\Omega }\right| $$

V

X
(
Ω
)

≲

∂
Ω

), while the area law is violated if they are of Class II hyperuniformity (as $$\ L\rightarrow \infty $$

L
→
∞

, $${\mathbb {V}}\left( {\mathcal {X}} (L\Omega )\right) \sim C_{\Omega }L^{d-1}\log L$$

V

X
(
L
Ω
)

∼

C
Ω

L

d
-
1

log
L

). As a result, the entanglement entropy of Weyl–Heisenberg ensembles (a family of DPPs containing the Ginibre ensemble and Ginibre-type ensembles in higher Landau levels), satisfies an area law, as a consequence of its hyperuniformity.