bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land use change rather than surrounding vegetation affects fungal endophyte assemblages in the African wild olive
Authors: Ngubane Nombuso P. , Dreyer Leanne L. , Slippers Bernard , Kemler Martin , Witfeld Frederick , Begerow Dominik , Brachmann Andreas , Roets Francois 
Published: September 2023

AbstractContextLand use change can significantly affect plant-fungal interactions.ObjectivesWe assessed how fungal endophytes within African wild olive (Olea europaeasubsp.cuspidata) twigs are influenced by different levels of land use change and differences in surrounding vegetation types.MethodsTwigs were sampled in the Western Cape Province (South Africa) and their fungal endophyte assemblages were characterised using culture-independent DNA metabarcoding. We assessed the effects of land use change (natural, semi-natural and planted (completely transformed)) and differences in surrounding vegetation types (grasses/low-growing plants versus shrubs/trees versus other olives) using fungal endophyte alpha and beta diversity measures. Co-occurrence networks were constructed to assess assemblage connectivity under different scenarios and to identify OTUs of potential ecological significance.ResultsOTU richness, but not abundance, was significantly influenced by both land use change and differences in the surrounding vegetation types. Planted African olives and those surrounded by heterospecific trees harboured the highest OTU richness. Only levels of land use change significantly influenced fungal endophyte assemblage composition. Specifically, fungal assemblages from natural habitats were distinct from those in planted and semi-natural habitats, which were similar to each other. Co-occurrence network analyses revealed that cohesive and species rich networks could only be maintained within the natural habitats.ConclusionThese findings suggest that although the African olive is widespread, the identity and composition of their associated fungal assemblages are particularly sensitive to land use change. This study highlights the importance of conserving natural habitats, not just for the plants, but also for the maintenance of their associated fungal endophytes.
Investigating the Role of Race and Stressful Life Events on the Smoking Patterns of Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States: A Multistate Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Phase 8 (2016–2018) Analysis
Authors: Yakubu Rauta Aver , Ajayi Kobi V. , Dhaurali Shubhecchha , Carvalho Keri , Kheyfets Anna , Lawrence Blessing Chidiuto , Amutah-Onukagha Ndidiamaka 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective
To examine the smoking patterns of women who experienced stressful life events and the impact of racial disparities on the relationship between stressful life events, and prenatal/ postpartum smoking.

Methods
The study analyzed data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Phase 8 (2016–2018) survey across five states (CT, LA, MA, MO, WI). Four stressful life event categories were created using thirteen affiliated questions: financial, trauma, partner, and emotional. We assessed: 1) the association between smoking and stressful life events, 2) the impact of race on the relation between smoking and stressful life events, and 3) the long-term effects of smoking on health by assessing the association between smoking and maternal morbidity. Bivariate statistics and multivariate Poisson regression models were conducted.

Results
A total of 24,209 women from five states were included. 8.9% of respondents reported smoking during pregnancy, and 12.7% reported smoking postpartum. There was a significant association between all stressful life events and smoking. Trauma stressful life event had the strongest association with smoking during pregnancy (adjusted PR=2.01; CI: 1.79-2.27) and postpartum (adjusted PR= 1.80; CI: 1.64-1.98). Race and stressful life event interaction effects on smoking had varied significant findings, but at least one racial/ ethnic minority group (Black, Hispanic, Asian) had a higher smoking prevalence than non-Hispanic White per stressful life event category. Lastly, the prevalence of maternal morbidity was higher for smoking during pregnancy (adjusted PR= 1.28; CI: 1.19-1.38) and postpartum (adjusted PR= 1.30; CI: 1.22-1.38) compared to no smoking.

Conclusions for Practice
Culturally congruent, multi-disciplinary care teams are needed to address both clinical and social needs to reduce stressful life events and smoking. Screenings for stress should be standardized with a referral system in place to provide ongoing support.
A New Separation Index and Classification Techniques Based on Shannon Entropy
Authors: Navarro Jorge , Buono Francesco , Arevalillo Jorge M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe purpose is to use Shannon entropy measures to develop classification techniques and an index which estimates the separation of the groups in a finite mixture model. These measures can be applied to machine learning techniques such as discriminant analysis, cluster analysis, exploratory data analysis, etc. If we know the number of groups and we have training samples from each group (supervised learning) the index is used to measure the separation of the groups. Here some entropy measures are used to classify new individuals in one of these groups. If we are not sure about the number of groups (unsupervised learning), the index can be used to determine the optimal number of groups from an entropy (information/uncertainty) criterion. It can also be used to determine the best variables in order to separate the groups. In all the cases we assume that we have absolutely continuous random variables and we use the Shannon entropy based on the probability density function. Theoretical, parametric and non-parametric techniques are proposed to get approximations of these entropy measures in practice. An application to gene selection in a colon cancer discrimination study with a lot of variables is provided as well.
The Ethics of Online Controlled Experiments (A/B Testing)
Authors: Polonioli Andrea , Ghioni Riccardo , Greco Ciro , Juneja Prathm , Tagliabue Jacopo , Watson David , Floridi Luciano 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOnline controlled experiments, also known as A/B tests, have become ubiquitous. While many practical challenges in running experiments at scale have been thoroughly discussed, the ethical dimension of A/B testing has been neglected. This article fills this gap in the literature by introducing a new, soft ethics and governance framework that explicitly recognizes how the rise of an experimentation culture in industry settings brings not only unprecedented opportunities to businesses but also significant responsibilities. More precisely, the article (a) introduces a set of principles to encourage ethical and responsible experimentation to protect users, customers, and society; (b) argues that ensuring compliance with the proposed principles is a complex challenge unlikely to be addressed by resorting to a one-solution response; (c) discusses the relevance and effectiveness of several mechanisms and policies in educating, governing, and incentivizing companies conducting online controlled experiments; and (d) offers a list of prompting questions specifically designed to help and empower practitioners by stimulating specific ethical deliberations and facilitating coordination among different groups of stakeholders.
Two grammars of A’ingae glottalization: A case for Cophonologies by Phase
Authors: Dąbkowski Maksymilian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis paper describes and analyzes phonological processes pertinent to the glottal stop in A’ingae (or Cofán, iso 639-3: ). The operations which the glottal stops undergo and trigger reveal an interaction of two morphophonological parameters: stratum and stress dominance. First, verbal suffixes are organized in two morphophonological domains, or strata. Within the inner domain, glottal stops affect stress placement, which I analyze as an interaction with foot structure. In the outer domain, glottal stops do not have any effects on stress. Second, some verbal suffixes delete stress (i. e. they are dominant). Dominance is unpredictable and independent of the suffix’s morphophonological domain, but dominance and the phonological domain interact in a non-trivial way: only inner dominant suffixes delete glottalization. To account for the A’ingae data, I adopt Cophonologies by Phase (Sande et al. 2020), which (i) models phonological stratification while (ii) allowing for morpheme-specific phonological idiosyncrasies, which (iii) interact with the phonological grammar of their stratum. Stress deletion triggered by the dominant suffixes is modeled with AntiFaithfulness (Alderete 1999, 2001). Antifaithfulness to a metrical foot entails antifaithfulness to its features (glottalization). This captures the fact that only the inner dominant suffixes delete glottal stops.
Anaphora and agreement in the Turkish DP
Authors: Paparounas Lefteris , Akkuş Faruk 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWhether the operation Agree should be taken to underlie anaphoric binding has been the topic of much recent debate. In this paper, we provide a novel empirical argument in favor of the role of ϕ-features and Agree in binding. The argument revolves around the intimate relationship between agreement and anaphora in the Turkish nominal domain, where certain complex pronominals can agree only if they locally bind an anaphor or bound pronoun. We argue that these facts can be readily understood if ϕ-features are crucially implicated in the syntactic derivation of binding. At the same time, we argue that not all binding can be reduced to Agree, based on data from Turkish PPs.
Dynamic rainfall thresholds for landslide early warning in Progo Catchment, Java, Indonesia
Authors: Satyaningsih Ratna , Jetten Victor , Ettema Janneke , Sopaheluwakan Ardhasena , Lombardo Luigi , Nuryanto Danang Eko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study aims to derive and evaluate new empirical rainfall thresholds as the basis for landslide early warning in Progo Catchment, Indonesia, using high-resolution rainfall datasets. Although attempts have been made to determine such thresholds for regions in Indonesia, they used coarse-resolution data and fixed rainfall duration that might not reflect the characteristics of rainfall events that induced the landslides. Therefore, we evaluated gauge-adjusted global satellite mapping of precipitation (GSMaP-GNRT) and bias-corrected climate prediction center morphing method (CMORPH-CRT) hourly rainfall estimates against measurements at rainfall stations. Based on this evaluation, a minimum rainfall of 0.2 mm/h was used to identify rain events, in addition to a minimum of 24 h of consecutive no-rain to separate two rainfall events. Rainfall thresholds were determined at various levels of non-exceedance probability, using accumulated and duration of rainfall events corresponding to 213 landslide occurrences from 2012 to 2021 compiled in this study. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that thresholds based on rainfall station data, GSMaP-GNRT, and CMORPH-CRT resulted in area under ROC curve values of 0.72, 0.73, and 0.64, respectively. This result indicates that the performance of high-resolution satellite-derived data is comparable to that of ground observations in the Progo Catchment. However, GSMaP-GNRT outperformed CMORPH-CRT in discriminating the occurrence/non-occurrence of landslide-triggering rainfall events. For early warning purposes, the rainfall threshold is selected based on the probability exlevel at which the threshold maximizes the true skill score, i.e., at 10% if based on station data, or at 20% if based on GSMaP-GNRT.
The functional ecology of four invasive Ponto–Caspian gobies
Authors: Grabowska Joanna , Błońska Dagmara , Ondračková Markéta , Kakareko Tomasz 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPonto–Caspian gobies are among Europe's most invasive freshwater fish species. These small freshwater and brackish water fish have spread rapidly since the end of the last century, invading the major European river systems, including the Rivers Danube, Rhine, Moselle, Meuse, Vistula, Elbe, Nemunas, Neva, Volga, while also establishing in streams, dam reservoirs, lakes, and artificial canals in 17 European countries. Two species have also successfully established in North America. The contribution of Ponto–Caspian gobies to local fish assemblages varies, but locally they are abundant or dominant components of fish assemblages in invaded ecosystems. We have considered their invasive distribution, range of occupied aquatic environments, abundance, and frequency of occurrence, and summarised their role and position in the trophic webs of invaded ecosystems. We focused on four goby species: western tubenose goby Proterorhinus semilunaris, bighead goby Ponticola kessleri, racer goby Babka gymnotrachelus and monkey goby Neogobius fluviatilis. Based on our own research and other published studies, we described the habitat preferences of these species and assessed their ecological impact on co-occurring species, both native and non-native, as predators, prey, competitors, and as hosts and vectors of parasites.
The Critical Role of Understanding Epistemic Practices in Science Teaching Using Wicked Problems
Authors: Agustian Hendra Y. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Wicked problems have been characterised by their high epistemological and axiological complexities. These are the kinds of problems that may invade our classrooms because many of them concern many stakeholders, including our students. Several approaches have been developed to address wicked problems in various contexts. However, little is known about how they may translate into educational research and practice. This paper proposes a conceptual framework in which wicked problems are analysed from their ontological, epistemological, and ethical commitments. Subsequently, they are framed within post-normal science, drawing on critical discourse in science studies and science education. Chief to the arguments is a focus on epistemic practices that are strongly anchored in but also extend from disciplinary science and engineering education. Implications for research and practice in higher science education are presented.
Transmissivity Averaging in Fracture Flow on Self-affine Linear Profiles: Arithmetic, Harmonic, and Beyond
Authors: Lavrov Alexandre 
Published: September 2023

AbstractNumerical modeling of unidirectional flow in self-affine fractures using the lubrication approximation requires averaging of the transmissivity between the nodes. Seven averaging techniques are reviewed: arithmetic averaging of transmissivity; harmonic averaging of transmissivity; two averaging techniques derived by cell-based collocation method; global reconstruction of profile by means of multiquadrics; arithmetic averaging of aperture; harmonic averaging of aperture. In order to evaluate the performance of the seven techniques in terms of pressure errors and hydraulic aperture errors, self-affine profiles of 1024 nodes with different Hurst exponents (0.4 to 0.8) are generated. Every second node is then removed, resulting in 512-node profiles. Apertures at removed nodes are used in reference flow simulations on the 512-node profiles. Then, simulations with the seven averaging techniques are performed on 512-node profiles. Errors are computed with regard to the results obtained in the reference simulations. Reconstruction with multiquadrics is found to provide superior accuracy on self-affine profiles, followed by harmonic averaging of transmissivity or harmonic averaging of the aperture (Some of the errors analyzed in this study are minimized with the two last mentioned schemes.). Multiquadrics reconstruction is found to provide the best accuracy also on a smooth periodic profile.
Ecosystem and Commercializing of Fish in a Rich-Minerals, Low-Salinity Closed Lake
Authors: Abdelkarim Mohamad S. , Belal Dalia M. , Flefil Nasser S. , Hegab Mahmoud H. , Mahmoud Abeer M. , Al-Afify Afify D. , Aly Walid , Ali Mohamed H 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWadi El Natrun is an elongated narrow depression in the Western Desert of Egypt. The depression characterized by many ancient alkaline salt lakes. These lakes are filled with water in winter and dried up in summer. Recently, some lakes become permanently dried, while others become submerged throughout the year as El Bieda Lake. El Bieda Lake has undergone ecological changes due to the prolonged extraction of minerals and the continual discharging of freshwater. This study investigates the recent biotic and abiotic changes of this lake and discusses its fisheries opportunities. The lake’s water is well-oxygenated, rich with different inorganic nutrients, and characterized by a low salinity. Sodium and chloride ion concentrations are lower than the equivalent surface seawater, while magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulfate, and bicarbonate ions are higher. The lake has low plankton species richness with high biomass and high nutritional values. More recently, two cichlid species, Oreochromis aureus and Coptodon zillii, have colonized the lake. Summer characterized by a very low mortality for Oreochromis aureus and a poor representation of Coptodon zillii. However, both species shared the catch the rest of the year. The high biomass and nutritional quality of plankton communities, as well as the dense phytobenthic film, indicate that the lake is currently below its carrying capacity. The well-oxygenated water, high biomass of plankton and phytobenthic diatoms, and the expected changes in salinity suggest that introducing the euryhaline, commercially valuable, and fast-growing Mugil cephalus or Chelon ramada in El Bieda Lake is highly advisable.
Response of testate amoeba assemblages to peatland drain blocking
Authors: Evans Callum R. C. , Mullan Donal J. , Roe Helen M. , Fox Patricia M. , Gray Simon , Swindles Graeme T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPeatlands represent globally important habitats and carbon stores. However, human impacts and climate change leave peatlands with a substantial management challenge. Degradation of peatland habitats and their hydrological integrity is increasingly counteracted through the rehabilitation of peatlands including re-wetting and drain blocking. Research into how such management interventions affect peatland microbial assemblages is limited. Here, we investigate the response of testate amoebae (established unicellular amoeboid protist indicators of hydrological conditions in peatlands) to drain blocking on three small lowland raised bogs in Northern Ireland, UK. We sampled Sphagnum adjacent to areas of focused flow near sites of damming in addition to control sites away from dam blocking. These restoration measures show complex but meaningful results after restoration. We observe several key developments following dam blocking: (i) species diversity increases; (ii) unambiguous wet indicator taxa appear in increasing abundance at dammed sites; (iii) and transfer-function reconstructed water-table depths show wetter conditions in the dammed sites. These findings imply wetter conditions after restoration, where routine monitoring presented no clear trend in water-table depths. We found no statistically significant assemblage-level response to experimental or environmental variables, which may be related to antecedent conditions and significant periods of drought during the study period. Thus, caution is advised when utilising testate amoebae for bioindication until their assemblage-level response to restoration is better understood. Nevertheless, this study emphasises the potential of an indicator-taxa based approach to applying testate amoebae as contemporary bioindicators of peatland restoration—particularly on short-term timescales immediately following restoration.
Cooperation between international organizations: Demand, supply, and restraint
Authors: Panke Diana , Stapel Sören 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRegime complexity characterizes the international system, as many international organizations (IOs) overlap in membership and competencies at the same time. Unmanaged overlaps endanger the effectiveness of IOs. Inter-organizational cooperation can mitigate such negative consequences. However, a novel dataset reveals that not all overlapping IOs cooperate with each other and the institutionalization of cooperation agreements varies. Why do some but not all overlapping IOs opt for cooperation agreements, and why do their designs vary? The analysis of a demand–supply–restraint model shows that increased exposure to overlaps creates a demand for IOs to reach cooperation agreements and for their strong institutionalization. States respond more favourable to the supply of cooperation agreements when they are used to international cooperation and internal authority-delegation. The restraint component underscores that IOs are less inclined to cooperate when ideological differences and power differentials between them are greater and that IOs choose highly institutionalized cooperation agreements when their ideological differences are limited.
Prozessbezogene Kompetenzen in zentralen Abschlussarbeiten im Fach Mathematik? – Eine Analyse aller ZP10-Aufgaben Nordrhein-Westfalens von 2007 bis 2019
Authors: Scheja Bruno , Schreck Anna , Rott Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Aktivitäten „Problemlösen“, „Modellieren“ und „Argumentieren“ stellen breit anerkannte im Mathematikunterricht zu vermittelnde Kompetenzen dar. Welche Rolle sie im Mathematikunterricht spielen, hängt aber auch davon ab, ob und in welchem Maße sie in zentralen Abschlussprüfungen abgeprüft werden. Um den Stellenwert der drei Kompetenzen in der Zentralen Abschlussprüfung nach Jahrgang 10 (ZP10) des Bundeslands Nordrhein-Westfalen zu erfassen, wurde eine Dokumentenanalyse aller Aufgaben der ZP10 des Bundeslands Nordrhein-Westfalen seit ihrer Einführung 2007 bis einschließlich 2019 durchgeführt: Insgesamt wurden 1886 Aufgaben aus 68 Prüfungsdokumenten analysiert, wobei jede Kompetenz auf einer vierstufigen Skala kodiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass kaum mehr als ein minimaler Anspruch in Bezug auf die genannten Kompetenzen gefordert wird, der zudem über den gesamten Zeitraum nur geringe Veränderungen erfährt.
Stakeholders’ involvement and reflections on preserving sacred swamps in the Western Ghats, India, as revealed by participatory visioning
Authors: Hegde Narasimha , Joosten Hans , Ziegler Rafael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractLack of a shared vision has been identified as a major obstacle in transdisciplinary research involving both scientists and other stakeholders. Without a shared vision, the implementation of scientific findings is difficult. The diverse partners of collaborative research, however, imply a plurality in the valuation of nature and a need for deliberative mechanisms. If visioning processes are to do justice to local contexts, research must apply deliberative mechanisms to cover the plurality in the valuation of nature. This paper proposes a visioning approach for local communities, based on prior transdisciplinary research. This participatory workshop method invites stakeholders to approach nature conservation and livelihoods via a deliberation of desirable futures, barriers for achieving them and associated responsibilities for taking action. The paper explores this method via a case study of visioning workshops on sacred swamps in the Western Ghats (India), and their role for both freshwater swamp protection and livelihoods. The visioning exercise offered discussion opportunities facilitating conscientization, conciliation and collaboration in local bottom-up nature conservation. For conserving the tropical freshwater swamps, the results show the need for a more participatory forest governance, providing space for shared value creation. They also point to the need for further research on inter-faith nature conservation possibilities, along with innovations on value addition and value chain development for livelihood promotion and protection.