bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of perioperative anaphylaxis: Systematic review
Authors: Admass Biruk Adie , Hassen Alemayehu Eshetu , Agegnehu Abatneh Feleke , Temesgen Mamaru Mollalign , Gebeyehu Natnael Atnafu , Ferede Yonas Admasu , Tegegne Biresaw Ayen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Perioperative anaphylaxis typically manifests unexpectedly and, in many cases, with severe symptoms requiring prompt recognition and action. This review was conducted in order to establish a clear plan for handling perioperative anaphylaxis.

Methods
A thorough search strategy of electronic sources was carried out after determining the main questions, scope, and criteria for the literatures to be included. Advanced search techniques from databases and websites were used to identify the articles. A proper evaluation was used when screening the literature. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses 2020 statement was used when conducting this review.

Results
From databases and websites, 545 articles were identified. After reading at the titles and abstracts of these articles, 195 papers were excluded, and 98 were eliminated for duplication. 87 items were retrieved and checked for eligibility during the screening step. Finally, 50 papers that addressed the management of anaphylaxis during the perioperative period were reviewed.

Conclusion
Antibiotics and neuromuscular blocking agents are the major causes of IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. When the onset is particularly abrupt, the clinical manifestation can differ and the diagnosis may be missed. Clinical presentation guides management. Adrenaline and intravenous fluids are the main components of treatment. Plasma Tryptase level and skin tests are helpful to identify the culprit agent. A thorough assessment provides clarity about the culprit drug and safe substitutes, therefore, guaranteeing patient safety for future anaesthetics.

Highlights
Explainable machine learning for public policy: Use cases, gaps, and research directions
Authors: Amarasinghe Kasun , Rodolfa Kit T. , Lamba Hemank , Ghani Rayid 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Explainability is highly desired in machine learning (ML) systems supporting high-stakes policy decisions in areas such as health, criminal justice, education, and employment. While the field of explainable ML has expanded in recent years, much of this work has not taken real-world needs into account. A majority of proposed methods are designed with generic explainability goals without well-defined use cases or intended end users and evaluated on simplified tasks, benchmark problems/datasets, or with proxy users (e.g., Amazon Mechanical Turk). We argue that these simplified evaluation settings do not capture the nuances and complexities of real-world applications. As a result, the applicability and effectiveness of this large body of theoretical and methodological work in real-world applications are unclear. In this work, we take steps toward addressing this gap for the domain of public policy. First, we identify the primary use cases of explainable ML within public policy problems. For each use case, we define the end users of explanations and the specific goals the explanations have to fulfill. Finally, we map existing work in explainable ML to these use cases, identify gaps in established capabilities, and propose research directions to fill those gaps to have a practical societal impact through ML. The contribution is (a) a methodology for explainable ML researchers to identify use cases and develop methods targeted at them and (b) using that methodology for the domain of public policy and giving an example for the researchers on developing explainable ML methods that result in real-world impact.
Path dependence or steps for major reforms? Pandemic-related social protection measures in ten OECD countries
Authors: Mäntyneva Päivi , Ketonen Eeva-Leena , Hiilamo Heikki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article examines with empirical evidence the social protection measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in ten welfare states in the Global North. We analysed the potential similarities and differences in responses by welfare regimes. The comparative study was conducted with data from 169 measures, collected from domestic sources as well as from COVID-19 response databases and reports. In qualitative terms, we redeveloped Hall’s theory on the distinction between first-, second- and third-order changes. In accordance with the path-dependence thesis, we show systematically that the majority of the studied changes (91%) relied on a pre-pandemic tool demonstrating flexibility within social security systems. The relative share of completely new instruments was notable but modest (9%). Thematically, the social protection measures converged beyond traditional welfare regimes, particularly among the European welfare states. Somewhat surprisingly, the changes to social security systems related not just to emergency aid to mitigate traditional risks but, to a greater extent, also to prevent new risks from being actualised.
What is the role of gender in perceived coercion during psychiatric admission?
Authors: O’Callaghan Aoife K. , Plunkett Róisín , Kelly Brendan D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectives:This paper explores factors linking gender with increased perceived coercion, perceived negative pressures and procedural injustice during psychiatric admission.Methods:We used validated tools to perform detailed assessments of 107 adult psychiatry inpatients admitted to acute psychiatry admission units at two general hospitals in Dublin, Ireland, between September 2017 and February 2020.Results:Among female inpatients (n = 48), perceived coercion on admission was associated with younger age and involuntary status; perceived negative pressures were associated with younger age, involuntary status, seclusion, and positive symptoms of schizophrenia; and procedural injustice was associated with younger age, involuntary status, fewer negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and cognitive impairment. Among females, restraint was not associated with perceived coercion on admission, perceived negative pressures, procedural injustice, or negative affective reactions to hospitalisation; seclusion was associated with negative pressures only. Among male inpatients (n = 59), not being born in Ireland appeared more relevant than age, and neither restraint nor seclusion were associated with perceived coercion on admission, perceived negative pressures, procedural injustice, or negative affective reactions to hospitalisation.Conclusions:Factors other than formal coercive practices are primarily linked with perceived coercion. Among female inpatients, these include younger age, involuntary status, and positive symptoms. Among males, not being born in Ireland appears more relevant than age. Further research is needed on these correlations, along with gender-aware interventions to minimise coercive practices and their consequences among all patients.
Willingness: Human Rights Crises and State Response in Mexico
Authors: Anaya-Muñoz Alejandro , Gallagher Janice K. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTStates targeted by human rights criticism usually do something—whether ratifying treaties, passing laws, establishing institutions, prosecuting perpetrators, or shifting discourse. But how do we know how coordinated, comprehensive, and effective these actions are? This article proposes five questions to assess how willing a state is to take the steps necessary to meaningfully respond to human rights crises. It applies this approach to two human rights crises in Mexico: femicides and violence against women, and disappearances. This approach effectively differentiates state responses that initially appear similar, demonstrating that the Mexican government has been more willing to address violence against women and femicides than disappearances. An explanation for this difference in outcomes points to a combination of factors related to the underlying preferences of the government involved, the characteristics of victims, and the specific human right being violated.
Infrastructure for Inclusion: Exploring the Evolution of Afro-Colombian Movement and Inclusiveness from the 1991 Constituent Process to the 2016 Peace Agreement
Authors: Rodríguez Iglesias Ana Isabel , Rosen Noah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the experience of the Afro-Colombian movement over the course of two peace processes, investigating the relationship between opportunities for participation and effective inclusion. The 1991 Constituent Assembly that emerged from the peace processes of the late 1980s presented a particularly open opportunity for civil society participation, and yet the Afro-Colombian movement was unable to gain representation in negotiations for a new constitution. In the 2016 peace process with the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, or FARC, despite insistence from the government that its negotiations with FARC were exclusively bilateral, the Afro movement was able to gain a seat at the table along with its Indigenous counterparts and generate a commitment from both parties to protect ethnic rights, known as the Capítulo Étnico (Ethnic Chapter). In contrast to existing literature that focuses on international actors as drivers of inclusion, we argue that effective inclusion reflects in large part the internal capacity, coherence, and unity of the movements themselves.
The Dark Side of Judicialization: Criminalizing Mining Protests in Peru
Authors: Lindt Angela 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSocial conflicts stemming from industrial mining projects in Peru have increasingly been fought in court cases in recent years. This article analyzes the dark side of this judicialization of mining conflicts, a process through which state authorities criminalize participation in social protests and attempt to prevent the mobilization of social movements. This use of the law by public authorities is an example of the so-called shrinking space in which the scope of action of civil society actors is increasingly restricted and constrained worldwide. This article presents an in-depth analysis of a specific court case against a group of mining opponents in the Cajamarca region of Peru. Based on ethnographic field research conducted in Peru, the article discusses three different modalities of the law’s domination, exploring the various ways the law rules those who oppose large-scale extractive projects.
Cannabidiol modulates contextual fear memory consolidation in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chaves Yane Costa , Raymundi Ana Maria , Waltrick Ana Paula Farias , de Souza Crippa José Alexandre , Stern Cristina Aparecida Jark , da Cunha Joice Maria , Zanoveli Janaína Menezes 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectives:In view of the neuroprotective characteristic of cannabidiol (CBD) and its beneficial action on aversive memory in non-diabetic animals, we aimed to investigate in animals with experimentally induced type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) whether CBD treatment would be able to impair the contextual fear memory consolidation, its generalisation and whether the effect would be lasting. We also investigated the CBD effect on anxiety-like responses.Methods:After T1DM induction, animals received single or more prolonged treatment with CBD and were submitted to the contextual fear conditioning test. As expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated (Arc) protein is necessary for memory consolidation, we evaluated its expression in the dorsal hippocampus (DH). For evaluating anxiety-related responses, animals were submitted to the elevated plus maze test (EPMT), in which the time and number of entries in the open arms were used as anxiety index.Results:A single injection of CBD impaired the contextual fear memory consolidation and its generalisation, which was evaluated by exposing the animal in a neutral context. This single injection was able to reduce the elevated expression of Arc in the DH from these animals. Interestingly, more prolonged treatment with CBD also impaired the persistence of context-conditioned fear memory and induced an anxiolytic-like effect, as the treated group spent more time in the open arms of the EPMT.Conclusion:CBD interferes with contextual fear memory and the dosage regimen of treatment seems to be important. Moreover, we cannot rule out the involvement of emotional aspects in these processes related to fear memory.
Convergent evolution of spherical shells in Miocene planktonic foraminifera documents the parallel emergence of a complex character in response to environmental forcing
Authors: Kiss Peter , Hudáčková Natália , Titschack Jürgen , Siccha Michael G. R. , Heřmanová Zuzana , Silye Lóránd , Ruman Andrej , Rybár Samuel , Kučera Michal 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe spherical encompassing final chamber of the planktonic foraminifera Orbulina universa is a prime example of a complex character whose evolution has been documented by a sequence of intermediate forms. However, the mechanism that induced evolution of the spherical chamber remain unclear. Here we show that shortly after the emergence of Orbulina, documented throughout the oceans, a convergent evolutionary transition occurred in the semi-isolated Paratethys, leading to the emergence of the endemic Velapertina, which occupied a similar niche to Orbulina in the surface waters. Using X-ray computed tomography scanning, we show that the evolution of the encompassing final chamber involved the same sequence of steps in both lineages, combining a progressively spherical shell shape with changes in the position, number, and sizes of apertures. The similarity in the sequence of character acquisitions suggests structural determinism in the way foraminiferal shells are constructed and the presence of natural selection favoring a spherical morphology. Collectively, the emergence of spherical chambers in the two lineages at a similar time suggests that the evolution of this spectacular complex character occurred in response to a singular environmental driver.
Trampling on Indigenous and Treaty Rights afterR v. Stanley: “That's What You Get for Trespassing”
Authors: Zurawski Cheryl 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article reports on institutional ethnographic research into how texts and talk were mobilized in social relations leading to the Government of Saskatchewan's enactment of the Trespass to Property Amendment Act, 2019. The act, proclaimed January 1, 2022, requires First Nations people to get advance permission from rural landowners before exercising their Indigenous and treaty rights to hunt and fish on land deemed private property. Findings (1) connect the 2018 acquittal of Gerald Stanley for the 2016 killing of Colten Boushie to political developments that paved the way for the new legislation and (2) trace how the advance permission requirement at the heart of the new legislation tramples on Indigenous and treaty rights, making it even more difficult for First Nations people to access their traditional territories for purposes such as hunting and fishing.
The Impact of Uncertainty on Investment: Empirical Challenges and a New Estimator
Authors: Li Delong , Sun Yiguo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article proposes a new method for examining the impact on a firm’s investment of uncertainty reflected in its stock-return volatility. We simultaneously address the endogeneity of uncertainty and mismeasurement in Tobin’sQ, but earlier empirical work often neglects one of the two issues. Our nonparametric estimates further suggest that the relation between investment and uncertainty is significantly decreasing and strongly concave. This result contrasts with the existing literature that widely adopts linear regressions. Ignoring nonlinearity or measurement error inQcan lead to a substantial estimation bias. However, the bias due to the endogeneity of uncertainty is small.
Corporate Patenting, Customer Capital, and Financial Market Outcomes
Authors: Ertugrul Mine , Krishnan Karthik , Xu Bo , Yu Qianqian 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe study how patenting enhances customer capital and creates financial value in a product market characterized by information asymmetry between firm insiders and customers. We find that firms with more and higher quality patents develop greater customer capital, as measured by more positive customer perceptions of product novelty and quality. To establish causality, we exploit the exogenous variation in the random assignment of patent examiners to review applications and use the average examiner leniency as an instrument for patent grants. Our mediation analysis documents a positive impact of patenting on firm performance and financial market valuation through enhanced customer capital.
Multiomic prioritisation of risk genes for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Adams Danielle M. , Reay William R. , Cairns Murray J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder associated with marked morbidity. Whilst AN genetic studies could identify novel treatment targets, integration of functional genomics data, including transcriptomics and proteomics, would assist to disentangle correlated signals and reveal causally associated genes.MethodsWe used models of genetically imputed expression and splicing from 14 tissues, leveraging mRNA, protein, and mRNA alternative splicing weights to identify genes, proteins, and transcripts, respectively, associated with AN risk. This was accomplished through transcriptome, proteome, and spliceosome-wide association studies, followed by conditional analysis and finemapping to prioritise candidate causal genes.ResultsWe uncovered 134 genes for which genetically predicted mRNA expression was associated with AN after multiple-testing correction, as well as four proteins and 16 alternatively spliced transcripts. Conditional analysis of these significantly associated genes on other proximal association signals resulted in 97 genes independently associated with AN. Moreover, probabilistic finemapping further refined these associations and prioritised putative causal genes. The gene WDR6, for which increased genetically predicted mRNA expression was correlated with AN, was strongly supported by both conditional analyses and finemapping. Pathway analysis of genes revealed by finemapping identified the pathway regulation of immune system process (overlapping genes = MST1, TREX1, PRKAR2A, PROS1) as statistically overrepresented.ConclusionsWe leveraged multiomic datasets to genetically prioritise novel risk genes for AN. Multiple-lines of evidence support that WDR6 is associated with AN, whilst other prioritised genes were enriched within immune related pathways, further supporting the role of the immune system in AN.
Policing Sati: Law, Order, and Spectacle in Postcolonial India
Authors: Saxena Saumya 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores the response of the postcolonial state to the question of widow immolation – sati. It demonstrates that the conversation on the practice of sati at the high point of Hindu law reform in the 1950s reflected the simultaneous pressures on the new democracy to establish rule of law while also accommodating the renewed reverence for tradition and religious custom in an independent nation state. Distinct from the colonial response to sati that treated women as either “helpless and pathetic” or “brave and valiant,” post-independence police records describe women committing sati mostly as “insane” or “not in their senses,” and yet chiefly responsible for their actions. The article contrasts administrative and parliamentary narratives of the crime. Local belief in miracles surrounding the performance of sati not only obscured the experience of the woman's suffering but also made collection of evidence in such a case particularly difficult. This rendered convictions of the abettors of such “painless suicide by insane women” weaker. Legal interventions in sati eventually prompted administrative responses to shift from emphasizing the “uncontrollability” of the spectacle to deeming the spectacle a necessary precondition in distinguishing a sati from suicide.
Visions of public and private mobility: the Kowloon railway terminus in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Adonis M.Y. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article explores and complicates notions of public and private urban mobility through the exploration of one site of transport, the Kowloon railway terminus in Hung Hom, Hong Kong. It considers the question: how did the conflicts and tensions between public and private forms of mobility affect policies for the urban environment in colonial Hong Kong? This article explores the Hung Hom railway terminus and its tensions and interactions with automobility and other forms of transport, most pertinently the bus network. Hong Kong's imperial and colonial context further throws into question seemingly straightforward divisions of public and private mobility.
ON THE NUMBER OF QUADRATIC ORTHOMORPHISMS THAT PRODUCE MAXIMALLY NONASSOCIATIVE QUASIGROUPS
Authors: DRÁPAL ALEŠ , WANLESS IAN M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLet q be an odd prime power and suppose that
$a,b\in \mathbb {F}_q$
are such that
$ab$
and
$(1{-}a)(1{-}b)$
are nonzero squares. Let
$Q_{a,b} = (\mathbb {F}_q,*)$
be the quasigroup in which the operation is defined by
$u*v=u+a(v{-}u)$
if
$v-u$
is a square, and
$u*v=u+b(v{-}u)$
if
$v-u$
is a nonsquare. This quasigroup is called maximally nonassociative if it satisfies
$x*(y*z) = (x*y)*z \Leftrightarrow x=y=z$
. Denote by
$\sigma (q)$
the number of
$(a,b)$
for which
$Q_{a,b}$
is maximally nonassociative. We show that there exist constants
$\alpha \approx 0.029\,08$
and
$\beta \approx 0.012\,59$
such that if
$q\equiv 1 \bmod 4$
, then
$\lim \sigma (q)/q^2 = \alpha $
, and if
$q \equiv 3 \bmod 4$
, then
$\lim \sigma (q)/q^2 = \beta $
.
Contextual realities and poverty traps: why South Asian smallholder farmers negatively evaluate conservation agriculture
Authors: Chaudhary A. , Timsina P. , Karki E. , Sharma A. , Suri B. , Sharma R. , Brown B. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Conservation agriculture-based sustainable intensification (CASI) is gaining prominence as an agricultural pathway to poverty reduction and enhancement of sustainable food systems among government and development actors in the Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) of South Asia. Despite substantial investment in research and extension programs and a growing understanding of the agronomic, economic and labor-saving benefits of CASI, uptake remains limited. This study explores farmer experiences and perspectives to establish why farmers choose not to implement CASI systems despite a strong body of recent scientific evidence establishing the benefits of them doing so. Through thematic coding of semi-structured interviews, key constraints are identified, which establishes a narrative that current households' resources are insufficient to enable practice change, alongside limited supporting structures for resource supplementation. Such issues create a dependency on subsidies and outside support, a situation that is likely to impact any farming system change given the low-risk profiles of farmers and their limited resource base. This paper hence sets out broad implications for creating change in smallholder farming systems in order to promote the adoption of sustainable agricultural technologies in resource-poor smallholder contexts, especially with regard to breaking the profound poverty cycles that smallholder farmers find themselves in and which are unlikely to be broken by the current set of technologies promoted to them.