bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objectively Quantifying Pediatric Psychiatric Severity Using Artificial Intelligence, Voice Recognition Technology, and Universal Emotions: Pilot Study for Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Innovation to Address Youth Mental Health Crisis
Authors: Caulley Desmond , Alemu Yared , Burson Sedara , Cárdenas Bautista Elizabeth , Abebe Tadesse Girmaw , Kottmyer Christopher , Aeschbach Laurent , Cheungvivatpant Bryan , Sezgin Emre 
Published: September 2023

Background
Providing Psychotherapy, particularly for youth, is a pressing challenge in the health care system. Traditional methods are resource-intensive, and there is a need for objective benchmarks to guide therapeutic interventions. Automated emotion detection from speech, using artificial intelligence, presents an emerging approach to address these challenges. Speech can carry vital information about emotional states, which can be used to improve mental health care services, especially when the person is suffering.

Objective
This study aims to develop and evaluate automated methods for detecting the intensity of emotions (anger, fear, sadness, and happiness) in audio recordings of patients’ speech. We also demonstrate the viability of deploying the models. Our model was validated in a previous publication by Alemu et al with limited voice samples. This follow-up study used significantly more voice samples to validate the previous model.

Methods
We used audio recordings of patients, specifically children with high adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores; the average ACE score was 5 or higher, at the highest risk for chronic disease and social or emotional problems; only 1 in 6 have a score of 4 or above. The patients’ structured voice sample was collected by reading a fixed script. In total, 4 highly trained therapists classified audio segments based on a scoring process of 4 emotions and their intensity levels for each of the 4 different emotions. We experimented with various preprocessing methods, including denoising, voice-activity detection, and diarization. Additionally, we explored various model architectures, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transformers. We trained emotion-specific transformer-based models and a generalized CNN-based model to predict emotion intensities.

Results
The emotion-specific transformer-based model achieved a test-set precision and recall of 86% and 79%, respectively, for binary emotional intensity classification (high or low). In contrast, the CNN-based model, generalized to predict the intensity of 4 different emotions, achieved test-set precision and recall of 83% for each.

Conclusions
Automated emotion detection from patients’ speech using artificial intelligence models is found to be feasible, leading to a high level of accuracy. The transformer-based model exhibited better performance in emotion-specific detection, while the CNN-based model showed promise in generalized emotion detection. These models can serve as valuable decision-support tools for pediatricians and mental health providers to triage youth to appropriate levels of mental health care services.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR1-10.2196/51912
Outcomes of Hospital-Acquired Hypernatremia
Authors: Arzhan Soraya , Roumelioti Maria-Eleni , Litvinovich Igor , Bologa Cristian G. , Unruh Mark L. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Hospital-acquired hypernatremia is highly prevalent, overlooked, and associated with unfavorable consequences. There are limited studies examining the outcomes and discharge dispositions of various levels of hospital-acquired hypernatremia in patients with or without CKD.

Methods
We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study, and we analyzed the data of 1,728,141 patients extracted from the Cerner Health Facts database (January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2018). In this report, we investigated the association between hospital-acquired hypernatremia (serum sodium [Na] levels >145 mEq/L) and in-hospital mortality or discharge dispositions with kidney function status at admission using adjusted multinomial regression models.

Results
Of all hospitalized patients, 6% developed hypernatremia after hospital admission. The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 12% and 1% in patients with hypernatremia and normonatremia, respectively. The risk of all outcomes was significantly greater for serum Na >145 mEq/L compared with the reference interval (serum Na, 135–145 mEq/L). In patients with hypernatremia, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for in-hospital mortality, discharge to hospice, and discharge to nursing facilities were 14.04 (13.71 to 14.38), 4.35 (4.14 to 4.57), and 3.88 (3.82 to 3.94), respectively (P < 0.001, for all). Patients with eGFR (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) 60–89 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and normonatremia had the lowest odds ratio for in-hospital mortality (1.60 [1.52 to 1.70]).

Conclusions
Hospital-acquired hypernatremia is associated with in-hospital mortality and discharge to hospice or to nursing facilities in all stages of CKD.
Nurse Practitioner Care Compared with Primary Care or Nephrologist Care in Early CKD
Authors: James Matthew T. , Scory Tayler D. , Novak Ellen , Manns Braden J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Bello Aminu K. , Ravani Pietro , Kahlon Bhavneet , MacRae Jennifer M. , Ronksley Paul E. 
Published: September 2023

Background
Early interventions in CKD have been shown to improve health outcomes; however, gaps in access to nephrology care remain common. Nurse practitioners can improve access to care; however, the quality and outcomes of nurse practitioner care for CKD are uncertain.

Methods
In this propensity score–matched cohort study, patients with CKD meeting criteria for nurse practitioner care were matched 1:1 on their propensity scores for (1) nurse practitioner care versus primary care alone and (2) nurse practitioner versus nephrologist care. Processes of care were measured within 1 year after cohort entry, and clinical outcomes were measured over 5 years of follow-up and compared between propensity score–matched groups.

Results
A total of 961 (99%) patients from the nurse practitioner clinic were matched on their propensity score to 961 (1%) patients receiving primary care only while 969 (100%) patients from the nurse practitioner clinic were matched to 969 (7%) patients receiving nephrologist care. After matching to patients receiving primary care alone, those receiving nurse practitioner care had greater use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker (82% versus 79%; absolute differences [ADs] 3.4% [95% confidence interval, 0.0% to 6.9%]) and statins (75% versus 66%; AD 9.7% [5.8% to 13.6%]), fewer prescriptions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (10% versus 17%; AD –7.2% [−10.4% to −4.2%]), greater eGFR and albuminuria monitoring, and lower rates of all-cause hospitalization (34.1 versus 43.3; rate difference −9.2 [−14.7 to −3.8] per 100 person-years) and all-cause mortality (3.3 versus 6.0; rate difference −2.7 [−3.6 to −1.7] per 100 person-years). When matched to patients receiving nephrologist care, those receiving nurse practitioner care were also more likely to be prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and statins, with no difference in the risks of experiencing adverse clinical outcomes.

Conclusions
Nurse practitioner care for patients with CKD was associated with better guideline-concordant care than primary care alone or nephrologist care, with clinical outcomes that were better than or equivalent to primary care alone and similar to those with care by nephrologists.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2023_11_10_CJN0000000000000305.mp3
Увековечение памяти воинов-казахов в Оренбургской и Волгоградской областях
Authors:   Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University (162, N. Nazarbayev Аve., 090000 Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan), Nurgalieva Agila M. , Amen Askhat Zh. ,   Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University (162, N. Nazarbayev Аve., 090000 Uralsk, Republic of Kazakhstan)
Published: September 2023

Introduction. The paper investigates interactions between memory projects — both all-Russia ones and those implemented in regions bordering Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the unfolding narratives underlying annual commemoration ceremonies in Orenburg and Volgograd oblasts for Yestekbay Batyr (hero of war against Dzungars) and for soldiers/officers who participated in the Great Patriotic War, military conflicts in Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Special Military Operation in Ukraine. Goals. The work aims to describe memorial objects associated with individuals who performed exploits for the sake of their compatriots, and to analyze commemorative practices carried out by local communities. Results. The article focuses on activities of local Kazakh communities of Orenburg and Volgograd oblasts aimed at memorializing war heroes collected by our research group during field studies of places sacred to Kazakhs, summarizes the authors’ observations and stories recorded from informants. Acts of commemoration for warriors are somewhat re-readings or re-inclusions of the past into the present-day agenda. Such venerations articulate significant ethnic values, norms, and behavioral patterns. The work traces a certain trend towards ‘militarization of consciousness’ in commemorative practices associated with particularly revered places of memory relating to the Great Patriotic War — and in sacralizing names of soldiers/officers who have taken part in local military conflicts.
Социокультурная ситуация в селах Провиденского городского округа Чукотки глазами их жителей по полевым материалам 2021 г. Часть 1
Authors:   Shilo North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the RAS (15, Energetikov St, 689000 Anadyr, Russian Federation), Kolomiets Oksana P. , Vukvukai Nadezhda I. ,   Shilo North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch of the RAS (15, Energetikov St, 689000 Anadyr, Russian Federation)
Published: September 2023

Introduction. Due to remoteness, limited accessibility and ethnocultural uniqueness, Chukotka used to be — and still is — a particular region of Russia. In Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the nationwide and specifically ‘northern’ political, economic, social and cultural processes are paralleled by vivid local specifics manifested in all life spheres. The work introduces accounts of the current sociocultural situation articulated by rural residents of Providensky Urban Okrug. Goals. The paper aims to deliver native inhabitants’ opinions on village life, including which realms of social agenda they tend to view as promising, their actual challenges, controversies, and threats. Materials and methods. The study focuses on field materials collected in the town of Provideniya, villages of Enmelen, Nunligran, Sireniki, Novoye Chaplino, and Yanrakynnot in 2021. Special attention is paid to publications characterizing the socioeconomic situation of Chukotka’s indigenous peoples. Part One of the article reviews publications summarizing results of expeditions to Providensky District, briefly describes traditional occupations of rural dwellers, characterizes the sociocultural situation in the villages of Enmelen, Sireniki and Nunligran. Part Two shall deal with the sociocultural situation in the villages of Novoye Chaplino and Yanrakynnot. Conclusions. According to the Russian Census of 2020, the population of Providensky Urban Okrug is 3,707 people, of which 2,140 live in urban areas and 1,567 — in rural ones. About half of the residents are ethnic Chukchis (36.7%) and Eskimos (Siberian Yupiks; 19,1 %). The last ten years have witnessed a minor population growth only in two settlements — town of Provideniya and village of Novoye Chaplino. The main reasons of rural depopulation are low living standards, deterioration of housing facilities, underdevelopment of rural infrastructure, poor educational and medical services, under- and unemployment, low wages, isolation and limited leisure time opportunities. All the interviewed residents stress the importance of sea-hunting industry as a basis of present-day life in the villages. Elders still hope for further development of reindeer breeding and related sectors. The language situation is characterized by a virtually complete displacement of native languages in family and everyday communicative practices.
Nanotechnology and Nanocapsule-Based Approaches for the Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Diabetes Mellitus: A Concise Survey
Authors: Terse Pratik Prakash , Pawaskar Pranav , Pawar Pranita K. , Samant Sheetal S. , Teli Aishwarya 
Published: September 2023

A serious health concern of frightening proportions is diabetes mellitus, a common metabolic illness marked by increased blood sugar levels as a result of insufficient insulin production or response. Nanosensors and nanomaterials have recently shown tremendous promise for enhancing glucose detection for the treatment of diabetes. Significant improvements in glucose sensor sensitivity, specificity, and reversibility have been achieved through the incorporation of nanoscale carbon structures, nanocomposites, and other nanomaterials. The use of these tailored nanocarriers offers a viable technique to enhance patient compliance and diabetes management by addressing the difficulties associated with oral peptide medication delivery for the treatment of diabetes caused by adverse circumstances in the gastrointestinal system. Nanocapsules are a promising approach for effective medication transportation via biological barriers by protecting drug molecules from the biological environment. A workable solution to problems with oral peptide medicine distribution for treating diabetes, particularly when it comes to unfavorable gastrointestinal conditions, is the use of customized nanocarriers. These nanocarriers have a flexible design and special in vivo characteristics that make it possible to go beyond cellular and tissue absorption barriers while improving the stability and effectiveness of therapeutic peptides. The management of diabetes mellitus has a great deal of potential for targeted lipid-based nanoparticles, which operate as an efficient drug delivery technique for oral administration of therapeutic peptides. With these developments in nanotechnology and nanocapsule-based techniques, diabetes treatment might be improved, patient compliance could be increased, and drug administration frequency could be decreased, potentially changing the field. This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in nanotechnology for diabetes mellitus diagnosis and the utilization of nanocapsules in diabetes treatment
Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nanocapsules, Diabetes Mellitus, Nanocarriers, Nanomaterial, Nanotube
High-Quality Auditor Presence and Informational Influence: Evidence from Firm Investment Decisions
Authors: Li Xudong , Sun Lili 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY
This study examines whether the presence of high-quality auditors (Big 4 or industry specialist auditors [ISAs]) in an industry facilitates accounting information transfer among industry peers and enhances investment decisions of firms not audited by high-quality auditors (non-Big 4-ISA client firms). Consistent with the prediction of informational influence theories, we find that non-Big 4-ISA client firms that belong to an industry with a greater presence of high-quality auditors are associated with lower investment inefficiency. The effect is more pronounced for firms with less precise private information. Path analysis shows that the association between high-quality auditor presence and learning firms’ investment inefficiency is explained via a direct path of source credibility and an indirect path mediated by peer firms’ accounting information quality. Finally, we find that firms in industries with larger reductions in Big 4 presence following the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 incur more investment inefficiency.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M42.
Branch Networks, Client Networks, and Knowledge Sharing in Audit Firms
Authors: Wang Lin 
Published: September 2023

SYNOPSIS
In large audit firms, interoffice knowledge sharing is embedded in two networks: the branch network, comprising all branch offices, and the client network, formed by similar engagements. Proximity between branch offices may enhance knowledge accessibility, whereas similarity between engagements could impact the relevance of that knowledge. I investigate how the two networks jointly influence the effectiveness of knowledge sharing. I construct client networks based on the similarity of clients’ product offerings and find that clients with greater centrality in the neighboring client network benefit more from knowledge sharing in terms of improved audit quality. I further show that this effect only exists when similar clients in neighboring offices are larger in size and is more salient when there is a gap in expertise between the current auditing office and neighboring offices. By enriching our understanding of interoffice knowledge sharing, these results offer practical insights to auditors, regulators, and audit-report users.
Data Availability: Data are available from the data sources indicated in the paper.
JEL Classifications: M42.
Do Performance-Contingent Incentives Help or Hinder Divergent Thinking?
Authors: Kachelmeier Steven J. , Webb R. Alan , Williamson Michael G. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Toward the goal of reconciling conflicting arguments on whether performance-based incentives facilitate or impede divergent thinking, we identify a feature common to prior demonstrations of negative incentive effects: they generally involve tasks with only one correct solution. Our first experiment replicates a negative incentive effect when insight problems require “bottom-up” divergent thinking from an unexpected resource to the problem it is uniquely equipped to solve, whereas our second experiment finds a positive incentive effect in the more general case of problems that enable “top-down” divergent thinking from a problem to multiple potential solutions. We also observe a positive incentive effect in a third experiment that measures the time needed to generate a solution to problems that have multiple potential solutions and in a fourth experiment in which participants design insight problems. Overall, our findings suggest that any harmful effects of performance-based incentives are likely restricted to highly constrained settings.
Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.
JEL Classifications: J33; M14; M41; M52.
Protease-Activated Receptor 1–Mediated Damage of Podocytes in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Bohovyk Ruslan , Khedr Sherif , Levchenko Vladislav , Stefanenko Mariia , Semenikhina Marharyta , Kravtsova Olha , Isaeva Elena , Geurts Aron M. , Klemens Christine A. , Palygin Oleg , Staruschenko Alexander 
Published: September 2023

There is clinical evidence that increased urinary serine proteases are associated with the disease severity in the setting of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Elevation of serine proteases may mediate [Ca2+]i dynamics in podocytes through the protease-activated receptors (PARs) pathway, including associated activation of nonspecific cation channels. Cultured human podocytes and freshly isolated glomeruli were used for fluorescence and immunohistochemistry stainings, calcium imaging, Western blot analysis, scanning ion conductance microscopy, and patch clamp analysis. Goto-Kakizaki, Wistar, type 2 DN (T2DN), and a novel PAR1 knockout on T2DN rat background rats were used to test the importance of PAR1-mediated signaling in DN settings. We found that PAR1 activation increases [Ca2+]i via TRPC6 channels. Both human cultured podocytes exposed to high glucose and podocytes from freshly isolated glomeruli of T2DN rats had increased PAR1-mediated [Ca2+]i compared with controls. Imaging experiments revealed that PAR1 activation plays a role in podocyte morphological changes. T2DN rats exhibited a significantly higher response to thrombin and urokinase. Moreover, the plasma concentration of thrombin in T2DN rats was significantly elevated compared with Wistar rats. T2DNPar1−/− rats were embryonically lethal. T2DNPar1+/− rats had a significant decrease in glomerular damage associated with DN lesions. Overall, these data provide evidence that, during the development of DN, elevated levels of serine proteases promote an excessive [Ca2+]i influx in podocytes through PAR1-TRPC6 signaling, ultimately leading to podocyte apoptosis, the development of albuminuria, and glomeruli damage.

Article Highlights
Increased urinary serine proteases are associated with diabetic nephropathy. During the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes, the elevation of serine proteases could overstimulate protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). PAR1 signaling is involved in the development of DN via TRPC6-mediated intracellular calcium signaling. This study provides fundamental knowledge that can be used to develop efficient therapeutic approaches targeting serine proteases or corresponding PAR pathways to prevent or slow the progression of diabetes-associated kidney diseases.
Bleaching Gels Used After 1 Week of Mixing: Efficacy, Hydrogen Peroxide Penetration, and Physical–chemical Properties
Authors: Forville H , Favoreto MW , Carneiro TS , Terra RMO , Pinheiro LA , Borges CPF , Loguercio AD , Reis A 
Published: September 2023

SUMMARY

Objectives
This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the bleaching efficacy (BE), hydrogen peroxide penetration into the pulp chamber (HPP), and physical–chemical properties (concentration, pH, and viscosity) of in-office bleaching gels immediately and after 1 week of mixing.

Methods and Materials
We randomly divided 49 premolars into seven groups: control (no bleaching) and the following in-office bleaching (Opalescence Boost 40%, Total Blanc One Step 35%, and Whiteness HP Blue 35%) applied at two storage times: immediately and after 1 week. We evaluated the BE using a digital spectrophotometer and the HPP through UV-Vis spectroscopy. We measured the initial concentration, pH, and viscosity using titration, a Digital pH meter and Rheometer, respectively. For statistical analysis, we used a twoway analysis of variance and Tukey and Dunnet tests (α=0.05).

Results
We observed higher BE and HPP for Opalescence Boost and Total Blanc One Step after 1 week of mixing than for Whiteness HP Blue (p&lt;0.001). We observed a significantly lower initial concentration for Whiteness HP Blue 1 week after mixing compared to immediately (p=0.00001). All bleaching gels showed a decrease in pH after 1 week of mixing (p=0.00003). However, Total Blanc One Step had a lower pH at both evaluation times (p&lt;0.001). Only Opalescence Boost maintained viscosity 1 week after mixing.

Conclusions
Opalescence Boost was the only bleaching gel able to keep bleaching efficacy, with the same characteristics of permeability and physical– chemical properties after 1 week of mixing.