bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution of eye movements to memory retrieval depends on the visual input
Authors: Taub Keren , Yuval-Greenberg Shlomit 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWhen attempting to recall previously seen visual information, people often move their eyes to the same locations where they initially viewed it. These eye-movements are thought to serve a role in enhancing memory retrieval, although the exact mechanism underlying this effect is yet unknown. To investigate this link between eye-movements and memory, we conducted an experiment with 80 adult participants. Participants were asked to perform a memory retrieval task, while viewing either the same visual context as during encoding or an altered one.Results showed that the benefit of eye movements to memory retrieval was dependent on the visual input. This suggests that the contribution of eye-movements to memory may not be from the motor behavior itself, but from its visual consequences. Our findings thus challenge the hypothesis that eye movements act as a motor retrieval cue and support the view that their visual consequences act as a sensory one.Statement of RelevanceAn intriguing question in cognition is how humans encode memorized material and what helps them retrieve it. It is known that when an action or stimulus is repeated both when information is encoded and when it is retrieved, this can act as a ‘retrieval cue’ and enhance memory performance. It is also known that people tend to reenact the same eye movements during retrieval as they did during encoding, and this behavior is associated with higher memory performance. This has led to the hypothesis that eye movements act as a retrieval cue. However, we challenge this hypothesis by showing that the visualconsequencesof eye movements, rather than the motor action that accompanies them, is the key factor for memory enhancement. Understanding the factors that influence memory provides crucial insight into the relationship between external behaviors and internal memory processes, leading to significant implications for the educational and clinical settings.
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in multiple sclerosis patients after rituximab treatment interruption
Authors: Gröning Remigius , Dernstedt Andy , Ahlm Clas , Normark Johan , Sundström Peter , Forsell Mattias NE 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPeripheral B cell depletion via anti-CD20 treatment is a highly effective disease-modifying treatment in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A drawback of anti-CD20 treatment is poor immune responses to vaccination. While this can be mitigated by treatment interruption of at least six months prior to vaccination, the timing to resume treatment while maintaining subsequent vaccine responses remains undetermined. We characterized SARS-CoV-2 S-directed antibody and B cell responses throughout three BNT162b2 doses in MS patients, where the first two doses were given during treatment interruption. The last anti-CD20 rituximab infusion was given 1.3 years (median) prior to the first vaccine dose and re-administered four weeks after the second vaccine dose. After two vaccine doses, antibody-mediated responses in SARS-CoV-2-naïve MS patients were comparable to vaccinated healthy controls, albeit with greater variation. We could demonstrate that the response to the second dose of vaccination was predictive of a boost effect after a third dose, even after re-initiation of rituximab. MS patients also exhibited lower frequencies of Decay Accelerating Factor-negative memory B cells, a suggested proxy for germinal centre activity, than healthy individuals. Our findings also offer a first indication on the potential importance of antigenic stimulation of CD27-IgD-double negative B cells and the possible long-term impairment of germinal centre activity in rituximab-treated MS patients.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Digital Well-Being Features and their Association with Screen Time and Addiction in Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ambike Amey , Rao Shirish , Paranjape Raghav , Adarkar Shilpa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground & ObjectiveDigital Service Providers have come up with certain ‘Digital Well-Being Features’ as a step towards tackling harmful effects of screen overuse on physical and mental health. However, the awareness and use of the same remains scant. Our objective was to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding Digital Well-being features in the adult population of Maharashtra, India and the associations and correlations of the practice of using these features with screen time and degree of screen addiction.MethodsA cross-sectional online questionnaire-based study was conducted among 335 participants who were selected using quota sampling and were administered a Smartphone Addiction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire.ResultsKnowledge attitudes were good and total of 65.4% participants were digital wellbeing feature users. Correlation of digital hygiene score and digital wellbeing score was found neither with addiction nor with the average screen time.Interpretation & ConclusionKnowledge, attitude and practices regarding Digital Well-Being features were adequate among the urban population of Maharashtra. However, their use was not found to be associated with reduced screen time or a low screen addiction score. With further development and standardization, these features can be a useful tool for prevention of screen overuse and addiction.
Social-spatial network structures among young urban and suburban persons who inject drugs in a large metropolitan area
Authors: Lin Qinyun , Rojas Aguilera Javier Andres , Williams Leslie D. , Mackesy-Amiti Mary Ellen , Latkin Carl , Pineros Juliet , Kolak Marynia , Boodram Basmattee 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated that there are 1.5% US adult population who inject drugs in 2018, with young adults aged 18-39 showing the highest prevalence. PWID are at a high risk of many blood-borne infections. Recent studies have highlight the importance of employing the syndemic approach to study opioid misuse, overdose, HCV and HIV, along with the social and environmental contexts where these interrelated epidemics occur in already marginalized communities. Social interactions and spatial contexts are important structural factors that are understudied.MethodsEgocentric injection network and geographic activity spaces for young (aged 18-30) PWID and their injection, sexual, and social support network members (i.e., where reside, inject drugs, purchase drugs, and meet sex partners) were examined using baseline data from an ongoing longitudinal study (n=258). Participants were stratified based on the location of all place(s) of residence in the past year i.e., urban, suburban, and transient (both urban and suburban) to i) elucidate geospatial concentration of risk activities within multi-dimensional risk environments based on kernel density estimates; and ii) examine spatialized social networks for each residential group.ResultsParticipants were mostly non-Hispanic white (59%); 42% were urban residents, 28% suburban, and 30% transient. We identified a spatial area with concentrated risky activities for each residence group on the West side of Chicago where a large outdoor drug market area is located. The urban group (80%) reported a smaller concentrated area (14 census tracts) compared to the transient (93%) and suburban (91%) with 30 and 51 tracts, respectively. Compared to other areas in Chicago, the identified area had significantly higher neighborhood disadvantages (e.g., higher poverty rate,p<0.001). Significant (p<0.01 for all) differences were observed in social network structures: suburban had the most homogenous network in terms of age and residence, transient participants had the largest network (degree) and more non-redundant connections.ConclusionWe identified concentrated risk activity spaces among PWID from urban, suburban, and transient groups in a large outdoor urban drug market area, which highlights the need for considering the role of risk spaces and social networks in addressing the syndemics in PWID populations.
iCPET calculator: a web-based application to standardize the calculation of alpha distensibility in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Elliott Jordan , Menakuru Nainika , Martin Kellan Juliet , Rahaghi Farbod Nicholas , Rischard Franz P. , Vanderpool Rebecca R. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTIntroductionPulmonary vascular distensibility associates with right ventricular function and clinical outcomes in patients with unexplained dyspnea and pulmonary hypertension. Alpha distensibility coefficient is determined from a non-linear fit to multipoint pressure-flow plots. The study aims were 1) to create and test a user-friendly tool to standardize analysis of exercise hemodynamics including distensibility and 2) to investigate changes in distensibility following treatment in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.MethodsParticipants with repeat exercise right heart catherization and PAH were identified from the University of Arizona PH Registry (n=29). Single-beat analysis was used to quantify right ventricular function including the coupling ratio and diastolic stiffness. Prototypes of theiCPET calculatorwere developed using Matlab, Python and RShiny to analyze exercise hemodynamics and alpha distensibility coefficient, α (%/mmHg) from multi-point pressure flow plots. Interclass coefficients were calculated for inter-platform and interobserver variability in alpha.ResultsNo significant bias in the intra-platform (Matlab vs RShiny: ICC: 0.996) or inter-observer (ICC: 0.982) comparison of alpha values. Participants with PAH had a significant decrease in afterload at follow-up (p<0.05) but no significant change in alpha distensibility. At follow-up, participants with a resting mean PA pressure < 25 mmHg had no change in pressure, resistance or alpha distensibility. Alpha distensibility significantly correlated with PA compliance at both the index and follow-up visit.DiscussionTheiCPET calculatorstandardizes alpha distensibility calculations. In this retrospective cohort, alpha distensibility did not change despite a decrease in pulmonary vascular afterload (PVR and mPAP) at follow-up after treatment with pulmonary vasodilators.
Optimising bi-level non-invasive ventilation in preterm neonates: a systematic review
Authors: Pickard Jack 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBi-level non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP) can be used as a step-up from continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in preterm neonates to reduce the amount of time spent mechanically ventilated. Prolonged mechanical ventilation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. MEDLINE was searched using the terms CPAP and BiPAP. Four studies reported a significant reduction in the need for mechanical ventilation when applying BiPAP compared with CPAP. Two studies reported no significant benefit. Studies which used 15/5 cm H2O or 20/5 cm H2O were more successful than those that used 6/5 cm H2O or 8/5 cm H2O. There was no discernible pattern to the effectiveness of respiratory rate, synchronisation or inspiratory time. In conclusion, BiPAP should be delivered at 15-20/5 cm H2O or 20/5 cm H2O.Key messagesBiPAP has greater efficacy than CPAP at reducing the need for mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates with respiratory distressAn inspiratory pressure of at least 15 cm H2O should be employed wherever possibleThere is insufficient evidence to recommend any particular respiratory rate, inspiratory time or synchronisation mode over anotherStructured clinical questionIs BiPAP (intervention) more effective than CPAP (control) at reducing the need for mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates, and if so, what are the most effective pressures, inspiratory time, respiratory rate and synchronization mode to use?Search strategyMEDLINE was searched via Pubmed using the terms ‘CPAP’ AND ‘BiPAP’. This yielded 223 results. Further references within these articles were considered. Studies were included if they compared the effect of BiPAP vs CPAP on the need for mechanical ventilation or tracheal intubation. A total of 18 relevant studies were identified, including 15 randomised controlled trials (RCT) and one meta-analysis. Eight studies were excluded because they were already reported in the meta-analysis. Two were excluded because they were retrospective. A further two were excluded due to a lack of statistical analysis in the reporting. [1, 2]. A total of six studies remained for consideration; see table.
Hippocampal Synaptic Alterations Associated with Tau Pathology in Primary Age-Related Tauopathy
Authors: Morris Meaghan , Coste Gabrielle I , Redding-Ochoa Javier , Guo Haidan , Graves Austin R , Troncoso Juan C , Huganir Richard L 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPrimary Age-Related Tauopathy (PART) is characterized by the aggregation of tau in the mesial temporal lobe in older individuals. High pathologic tau stage (Braak stage) or a high burden of hippocampal tau pathology have been associated with cognitive impairment in PART. However, the underlying mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PART are not well understood. Cognitive impairment in many neurodegenerative diseases correlates with synaptic loss, raising the question of whether synaptic loss occurs in PART. To address this, we investigated synaptic changes associated with tau Braak stage and a high tau pathology burden in PART using synaptophysin and phospho-tau immunofluorescence. We compared twelve cases of definite PART with six young controls and six Alzheimer’s disease cases. In this study, we identified loss of synaptophysin puncta and intensity in the CA2 region of the hippocampus in cases of PART with either a high stage (Braak IV) or a high burden of neuritic tau pathology. There was also loss of synaptophysin intensity in CA3 associated with a high stage or high burden of tau pathology. Loss of synaptophysin signal was present in AD, but the pattern was distinct from that seen in PART. These novel findings suggest the presence of synaptic loss in PART associated with either a high hippocampal tau burden or a Braak stage IV. These synaptic changes raise the possibility that synaptic loss in PART could contribute to cognitive impairment, though future studies including cognitive assessments are needed to address this question.
Mucus production, host-microbiome interactions, hormone sensitivity, and innate immune responses modeled in human cervix chips
Authors: Izadifar Zohreh , Cotton Justin , Chen Siyu , Bustos Nicole A. , Horvath Viktor , Stejskalova Anna , Wu Chloe , Gulati Aakanksha , LoGrande Nina T. , Budnik Bogdan , Shahriar Sanjid , Doherty Erin R. , Xie Yixuan , To Tania , Gilpin Sarah E. , Sesay Adama M. , Goyal Girija , Ribbeck Katharina , Lebrilla Carlito , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTModulation of mucus production by the human endo– and ecto-cervical epithelium by steroid hormones and associated interactions with commensal microbiome play a central role in the physiology and pathophysiology of the female reproductive tract. However, most of our knowledge about these interactions is based on results from animal studies orin vitromodels that fail to faithfully mimic the mucosal environment of the human cervix. Here we describe microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) models of the human cervical mucosa that recreate the cervical epithelial-stromal interface with a functional epithelial barrier and produce abundant mucus that has compositional, biophysical, and hormone-responsive properties similar to the living cervix. Application of continuous fluid flow to chips lined with primary human cervical epithelial cells from a commercial source that contained a mixture of primary human ecto– and endo-cervical epithelial cells promoted preferential expression of the ecto-cervical phenotype, whereas use of periodic flow including periods of stasis induced endo-cervical specialization. When the periodic flow Cervix Chips were co-cultured with livingLactobacillus crispatusandGardnerella vaginalisbacterial communities to respectively mimic the effects of human host interactions with optimal (healthy) or non-optimal (dysbiotic) microbiome associated with an ascending infection in the female reproductive tract, significant differences in tissue innate immune responses, barrier function, cell viability and protein profile, and mucus composition were detected reminiscent of those observedin vivo. Thus, these Organ Chip models of human cervix provide a physiologically relevant experimentalin vitromodel to study cervical mucus physiology and its role in human host-microbiome interactions as well as a potential preclinical testbed for development of therapeutic interventions to enhance women’s health.
Targeting DNA2 Overcomes Metabolic Reprogramming in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Thongon Natthakan , Ma Feiyang , Lockyer Pamela , Baran Natalia , Liu Jintan , Jackson Christopher , Rose Ashley , Wildeman Bethany , Marchesini Matteo , Marchica Valentina , Storti Paola , Giuliani Nicola , Ganan-Gomez Irene , Adema Vera , Qing Yun , Ha Min , Fonseca Rodrigo , Class Caleb , Tan Lin , Kanagal-Shamanna Rashmi , Nolasco David Berrios , Cerchione Claudio , Montalban-Bravo Guillermo , Santoni Andrea , Bueso-Ramos Carlos , Konopleva Marina , Lorenzi Philip , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Manasanch Elisabeth , Viale Andrea , Chesi Marta , Colla Simona 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTDNA damage resistance is a major barrier to effective DNA-damaging therapy in multiple myeloma (MM). To discover novel mechanisms through which MM cells overcome DNA damage, we investigated how MM cells become resistant to antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy targeting ILF2, a DNA damage regulator that is overexpressed in 70% of MM patients whose disease has progressed after standard therapies have failed. Here, we show that MM cells undergo an adaptive metabolic rewiring and rely on oxidative phosphorylation to restore energy balance and promote survival in response to DNA damage activation. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 screening strategy, we identified the mitochondrial DNA repair protein DNA2, whose loss of function suppresses MM cells’ ability to overcome ILF2 ASO−induced DNA damage, as being essential to counteracting oxidative DNA damage and maintaining mitochondrial respiration. Our study revealed a novel vulnerability of MM cells that have an increased demand for mitochondrial metabolism upon DNA damage activation.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEMetabolic reprogramming is a mechanism through which cancer cells maintain survival and become resistant to DNA-damaging therapy. Here, we show that targeting DNA2 is synthetically lethal in myeloma cells that undergo metabolic adaptation and rely on oxidative phosphorylation to maintain survival after DNA damage activation.
Air channels create a directional light signal to regulate hypocotyl phototropism
Authors: Nawkar Ganesh M. , Legris Martina , Goyal Anupama , Schmid-Siegert Emanuel , Fleury Jérémy , Mucciolo Antonio , De Bellis Damien , Schüler Andreas , Fankhauser Christian 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn light-limiting conditions, aerial organs of most plants reorient their growth towards the light to improve photosynthesis, through a process known as phototropism1-3. The blue light receptors phototropin control phototropic responses through light-induced protein kinase activity4. Current models posit that asymmetric activation of these sensory receptors across a unilaterally illuminated organ leads to asymmetric distribution of the growth hormone auxin ultimately leading to growth re-orientation4,5. However, the tissue properties required to generate a light gradient across the stem triggering phototropism remain unclear1. Here we show that inter-cellular air channels6,7are required for an efficient phototropic response. These channels enhance light scattering (refraction and reflection) in Arabidopsis hypocotyls thereby enhancing the light gradient across the photo-stimulated organ. We identify an embryonically expressed ABC transporter that is required to keep air in inter-cellular spaces in seedlings and for efficient phototropism. Our work suggests that this transporter shapes cell wall properties to maintain air between cells. Moreover, we establish the functional importance of inter-cellular air channels in the hypocotyl for phototropism.
A Comparison of fMRI Data-Derived and Physiological Data-Derived Methods for Physiological Noise Correction
Authors: Krentz Martin , Tutunji Rayyan , Kogias Nikos , Mahadevan Hariharan Murali , Reppmann Zala C. , Krause Florian , Hermans Erno J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPhysiological noise has been shown to have a large impact on the quality of functional MRI data, especially in areas close to fluid-filled cavities and arteries, such as the brainstem. Commonly, physiological recordings during scanning are transformed with methods such as RETROICOR and used as nuisance regressors in general linear models to remove variance associated with cardiac and respiratory cycles from the data. In contrast, modern pre-processing pipelines such as fMRIPrep, have created easy access to streamlined data-driven noise reduction methods such as aCompCor and ICA-AROMA. In combination, these methods have shown efficacy in correcting for motion, scanner as well as physiological artifacts. Given the ease of usability, it has to be questioned, whether there is any added benefit to applying logistically demanding methods such as RETROICOR. To answer this question, we applied RETROICOR, ICA-AROMA and aCompCor to a resting-state data set and compared variance explained by the respective methods and improvements in temporal signal-to-noise ratio throughout different regions of interest in the brain. In line with previous literature, RETROICOR significantly explains variance throughout the brain with peaks around areas of strong cardiac pulsations. ICA-AROMA and aCompCor largely account for the same variance. Nonetheless, RETROICOR retains unique explanatory power in individual participants. Further analysis points towards a pattern of unreliability of ICA-AROMA and aCompCor to consistently remove physiological noise across recordings, which is compensated by RETROICOR. While some of this inconsistency could be attributed to misclassifications in the noise selection models of ICA-AROMA, most is likely the consequence of secondary factors such as fMRI sequence parameters (e.g. long TR) limiting the efficiency of aCompCor and ICA-AROMA. Thus, it is advisable to additionally apply RETROICOR, especially when assuming regionally high levels of physiological noise.
Raspberry plant stress detection using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Williams Dominic , Karley Alison , Britten Avril , McCallum Susan , Graham Julie 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMonitoring plant responses to stress is an ongoing challenge for crop breeders, growers and agronomists. The measurement of below ground stress is particularly challenging as plants do not always show visible signs of stress in the above ground organs, particularly at early stages. Hyperspectral imaging is a technique that could be used to overcome this challenge if associations between plant spectral data and specific stresses can be determined. In this study, three genotypes of red raspberry plants grown under controlled conditions in a glasshouse were subjected to below ground biotic stresses (root pathogenPhytophthora rubiand root herbivoreOtiorhynchus sulcatus) or abiotic stress (soil water availability) and regularly imaged using hyperspectral cameras over this period. Significant differences were observed in plant biophysical traits (canopy height and leaf dry mass) and canopy reflectance spectrum between the three genotypes and the imposed stress treatments. The ratio of reflectance at 469nm and 523nm showed a significant genotype-by-treatment interaction driven by differential genotypic responses to thePhytophthora rubitreatment. This indicates that spectral imaging can be used to identify variable plant stress responses in raspberry plants.