bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and pathogenicity of species of Botrytis, Cladosporium, Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis causing flower diseases of macadamia in Australia
Authors: Prasannath Kandeeparoopan , Galea Victor J. , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFlower diseases threaten macadamia production, but there is a limited understanding of their aetiology. This study was undertaken to establish the ecology of the causal agents in commercial orchards in Australia. Raceme samples at different developmental stages were collected from 42 commercial macadamia orchards during the 2018–2020 flowering seasons. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses of the isolates obtained from the samples with symptoms revealed that 16 fungal species, including two Botrytis spp., six Cladosporium spp., six Neopestalotiopsis spp. and two Pestalotiopsis spp., were associated with the flower blights. Twelve of the fungal species were identified as new records in macadamia. A comparison of the fungal genera showed that Neopestalotiopsis spp. (48%) and Cladosporium spp. (47%) were the most prevalent in the majority of macadamia production regions and were obtained from all four raceme developmental stages. The genus Botrytis was more commonly distributed (16%) in the production areas where humidity was high and was mostly isolated from the mature developmental raceme stages. Based on in planta infection assays under field conditions, the fungal pathogens varied in aggressiveness on macadamia racemes, with B. cinerea, B. macadamiae, C. cladosporioides, C. devikae, N. drenthii, N. macadamiae, N. maddoxii, N. vheenae, P. macadamiae and P. telopeae as the most aggressive and C. angulosum and C. proteacearum as the least aggressive. This study improves our understanding of the aetiology and distribution of the causal agents of flower blight complex in macadamia.
STUDY ON THE GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF LATERITIC SOIL STABILIZED WITH BENTONITE AND GROUNDNUT SHELL ASH AS ADMIXTURE FOR CLAY LINER IN WASTE CONTAINMENT
Authors: Muhammad Ahmad , Galadima Usman Saleh , Yusuf Abdurrahman , Yunusa Gambo H , Yusif Mustapha Aliyu 
Published: January 2023

Waste management in Nigeria is characterized by poor landfilling practices in low-lying areas with improper planning of waste dumping. Whenever the soil on site is unfit for a barrier, it is blended with conventional stabilizers, but these additives are costly, hence the need to partially replace them with cheaper materials to achieve the desired results is essential. Consistency limit and engineering properties tests were conducted on the virgin and treated soil specimens. The Bentonite was added at a constant ratio of 6% whilst the groundnut shell ash was increased in the ratio of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Samples were prepared at a moulding water content of (-2% ≥ OMC ≤ 4%), adopting BSL and BSH energy levels. Preliminary laboratory test on the natural soil indicated that the soil is A-4(3) and SM according to AASHTO and USCS classification systems, respectively. From the compaction test carried out, it was observed maximum dry density (MDD) increases and optimum moisture content (OMC) decreases upon stepped addition of Groundnut shell ash (GSA). Hydraulic conductivity, volumetric shrinkage strain and UCS values recorded at 6% bentonite/ 6% groundnut shell ash content gave satisfactory results that met the acceptable values of ≤ 1× 10-9 m/s, ≤ 4%, and ≥ 200 kN/m2 for BSL and BSH energy levels, respectively. The overall acceptable range for groundnut shell ash stabilized bentonite-lateritic soil was obtained at 6% bentonite/ 6% groundnut shell ash blend for samples prepared at moulding moisture content of 19.5 – 21.0% and 16.5 – 20.0% respectively. Investigation of leaching capability of groundnut ash into the environment using batch equilibrium test showed that the desorbed values of iron and pH for the optimally modified soil falls within the acceptable values endorsed by the Nigeria industrial standard (NIS) and world health organization (WHO).
HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE IN CONCRETE THROUGH THE THEORY OF CRITICAL DISTANCES: FROM PERSPECTIVE OF WATER-CEMENT RATIO
Authors: Ahmad Shah Mohamad Shazwan , Umar Sarehati , Chin Chee-Loong , Syed Ahmad Sayyid Zainal Abidin , Mohd Pauzi Nurul Noraziemah 
Published: January 2023

Water-cement ratio plays a unique role in concrete structures. The uniqueness of evaluating concrete from the perspective of the water-cement ratio will be more obvious if the structure is being assessed down into its microscale level. It is important to realise that most dynamic concrete structures are hydro-related structures, and those structures need to be designed as detail as possible. Thus, the design of dynamic concrete structures has to incorporate accurate fatigue formulation and precise water-cement ratio variation effect. Currently, one of the most simplified yet accurate formulations proposed to run fatigue cases throughout a wide spectrum of scope is the Theory of Critical Distances (TCD). Therefore, the article reviews and discusses the precision of TCD towards the water-cement ratio perspective.
QUANTITATIFICATION OF SOIL EROSION USING CAUSATIVE FACTORS IN THE GIS ENVIRONMENT FOR SYLHET DISTRICT, BANGLADESH
Authors: Bari Rafiqul , Hossain Md. Altaf , Alam Md. Jahir , Islam Tanvir 
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to enumerate the potential soil erosion in the Sylhet district of Bangladesh using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) approach in the software-based windows. Using the rainfall erosivity factor (R), the soil erodibility factor (K), the cover management factor (C), the topographic factor (LS) and the support practices factor (P), the RUSLE formula quantified the possible soil loss rate. The soil erosion rate was classified into six classes based on the erosion severity. The result shows that the annual soil deterioration rate differs from 0 to 799.67 t/ha/year. However, almost about 97.71% of the total surface area is under low potential (54.1%) and moderate (43.61%) erosion risk. Rather about 2.29% area of Sylhet district was under average, high, very high and critic erosion risk. Result indicates that the north-eastern and central zone are highly vulnerable to soil erosion due to steep slope and P factor.
A smart risk-responding polymer membrane for safer batteries
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yu Le , Zhang Xu-Dong , Wang Ya-Hui , Yang Chunpeng , Liu Xiaolong , Wang Wen-Peng , Zhang Yu , Li Xue-Ting , Li Ge , Xin Sen , Guo Yu-Guo , Bai Chunli 
Published: February 2023

Safety concerns related to the abuse operation and thermal runaway are impeding the large-scale employment of high-energy-density rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, we report that by incorporating phosphorus-contained functional groups into a hydrocarbon-based polymer, a smart risk-responding polymer is prepared for effective mitigation of battery thermal runaway. At room temperature, the polymer is (electro)chemically compatible with electrodes, ensuring the stable battery operation. Upon thermal accumulation, the phosphorus-containing radicals spontaneously dissociate from the polymer skeleton and scavenge hydrogen and hydroxyl radicals to terminate the exothermic chain reaction, suppressing thermal generation at an early stage. With the smart risk-responding strategy, we demonstrate extending the time before thermal runaway for a 1.8-Ah Li-ion pouch cell by 100% (~9 hours) compared with common cells, creating a critical time window for safety management. The temperature-triggered automatic safety-responding strategy will improve high-energy-density battery tolerance against thermal abuse risk and pave the way to safer rechargeable batteries.
Supplemental Material: Picture Gorge Basalt: Internal stratigraphy, eruptive patterns, and its importance for understanding CRBG magmatism
Authors: Cahoon E.B. , al. et 
Published: January 2023

<p>File A: Sample location and geochemical table (XRF and ICP-MS data). File B. Geochemical correlation of PGB samples. File C: Principal component analysis code. File D: Age spectra: Age plateaus and inverse isochrons. File E: ArArCALC age summary table. </p>
Central lung gene expression associates with myofibroblast features in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Huang Yong , Guzy Rob , Ma Shwu-Fan , Bonham Catherine A , Jou Jonathan , Schulte Jefree J , Kim John S , Barros Andrew J , Espindola Milena S , Husain Aliya N , Hogaboam Cory M , Sperling Anne I , Noth Imre 
Published: February 2023

RationaleContribution of central lung tissues to pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unknown.ObjectiveTo ascertain the relationship between cell types of IPF-central and IPF-peripheral lung explants using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) transcriptome.MethodsBiopsies of paired IPF-central and IPF-peripheral along with non-IPF lungs were selected by reviewing H&E data. Criteria for differentially expressed genes (DEG) were set at false discovery rate <5% and fold change >2. Computational cell composition deconvolution was performed. Signature scores were computed for each cell type.FindingsComparison of central IPF versus non-IPF identified 1723 DEG (1522 upregulated and 201 downregulated). Sixty-two per cent (938/1522) of the mutually upregulated genes in central IPF genes were also upregulated in peripheral IPF versus non-IPF. Moreover, 85 IPF central-associated genes (CAG) were upregulated in central IPF versus both peripheral IPF and central non-IPF. IPF single-cell RNA-seq analysis revealed the highest CAG signature score in myofibroblasts and significantly correlated with a previously published activated fibroblasts signature (r=0.88, p=1.6×10−4). CAG signature scores were significantly higher in IPF than in non-IPF myofibroblasts (p=0.013). Network analysis of central-IPF genes identified a module significantly correlated with the deconvoluted proportion of myofibroblasts in central IPF and anti-correlated with inflammation foci trait in peripheral IPF. The module genes were over-represented in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis signalling pathways.InterpretationGene expression in central IPF lung regions demonstrates active myofibroblast features that contributes to disease progression. Further elucidation of pathological transcriptomic state of cells in the central regions of the IPF lung that are relatively spared from morphological rearrangements may provide insights into molecular changes in the IPF progression.
A historical approach to describing the complex behaviour of a large species of predatory shark — Case study 2: the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias
Authors: Klimley A. Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A historical example, case study 2, is one of two cases illustrating the complexity of interactions between sharks in their natural environment. Evidence is presented that the white shark is a selective feeder, consuming seals and sea lions with high fat content yet rejecting a pelican, human, and sea otters with low fat content. After biting seals, these sharks carry them in their jaws for a prolonged time underwater to kill them through blood-loss, i.e., exsanguination. Multiple sharks compete to feed on the remaining seal carcass when it floats to the surface. The sharks perform the Tail Slap, consisting of lifting the caudal fin and splashing water toward the accompanying shark. A combatant is permitted to feed further on a seal only if the vigor and frequency of its tail slaps are greater than those of its opponent. Thus, this is an agonistic display, functioning to ward off potential competitors.
Effects of cross-fostering experience on emotion in adolescent Kunming mice
Authors: Zhu Yunmeng , Wang Yuqian , Wang Yuyu , Feng Yiqin , Wang Qun , Wang Qiao , Tian Yaoyao , Tai Fadao , Jia Rui 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Parent–infant bonds are critical early postnatal environment in mammals. Unstable parent–infant bonds, such as maternal separation, paternal deprivation, and neonatal social isolation have negative effects on emotion, cognition, addiction, and social behaviours in the animal’s whole lifespan. Another unstable parent–infant bond, cross-fostering, in which pups were randomly exchanged to other parents has mostly focused on kin recognition and anxiety-like behavioural changes in adult. But its effects on adolescence, particularly on autism spectrum disorder, are poorly understood. Whole cross-fostering model was used in the present study. The results showed that with cross-fostering, adolescent Kunming mice buried more marbles, expressed higher levels of anxiety and depression. Cross-fostering attenuated prosocial behaviours and reduced the activity of adolescence when encountering another individual in social interaction test. Taken together, our results demonstrate that experiencing whole cross-fostering in early life is more likely to induce autism-, anxiety-, and depression- like behaviours in adolescence.
Could convulsive body shuddering of a white shark near a shark cage be an element of a threat display?
Authors: Klimley A. Peter , Hoyos-Padilla Mauricio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this short note, we describe the convulsive body shuddering of a white shark as it approached two large metallic shark cages, each with multiple divers standing within them. When animals feel threatened, they experience conflicting instincts — one is to escape and another is to fight. In this situation, they do not always fight but often perform an agonistic, or aggressive display. Having arrived at the source of an olfactory corridor, this white shark was confronted with highly visible cages made with aluminium bars. The divers use hookah air hoses to breathe, and were therefore releasing bubbles, which reflect light and generate sounds as they oscillate toward the surface. The photographers may also have been taking pictures of the shark with their flash-bulb equipped cameras, which produce a sudden disruptive flash of irradiance. The shark’s behaviour is illustrated with a series of video frames as he approaches the cage. The body of the shark shutters convulsively and he opens his mouth, keeping it open for a prolonged period of 2.8 s as he passes close to the cage, while (1) depressing his pectoral fins, (2) hunching his back, (3) keeping his caudal fin held at right angle to the axis of view to increase his apparent size, and (4) shaking his body with spasmodic oscillations. The shark appears frightened, and hence may perform the display to discourage any aggression directed at him by the cage with humans emitting a panoply of frightening stimuli. Alternative explanations of the motivation behind this behaviour are also discussed. We hope that it will lead other scientists to look for this behaviour when observing the behaviour of white sharks from a cage, so they can provide further evidence shedding light upon the shark’s motivation for performing this conspicuous behaviour.
The link between animal personality and habitat selection in males of the Neotropical poison frog Allobates femoralis
Authors: Bégué Lauriane , Peignier Mélissa , Ringler Eva 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Environmental variation plays a key role in the evolution and maintenance of animal personality. Individuals with different personality types might exhibit different habitat preferences. Alternatively, variation in individual behaviour across space could arise as a plastic adaptation to distinct habitats. Our study aims to investigate if habitat choice is influenced by an individual’s personality. We assessed individual levels of activity, boldness, and exploration in male poison frogs, and performed a habitat choice test under controlled laboratory conditions. Individuals were consistent in their behaviours, but all tested frogs chose the complex over the simple habitat. Individuals that were characterized as bold and very explorative also showed more movements between the two different habitats in the choice test. These results indicate that personality measured in a highly standardized artificial setup, such as a novel environment test, indeed can reflect boldness and exploration related behaviours measured in a more naturalistic setup.
The effect of individual personality on novel food preference in a social context in the cinereous tit (Parus cinereus)
Authors: Bibi Nehafta , Wang Haitao 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Exploratory behaviour is one of the best-investigated behavioural traits. However, little is known about the influence of personality on novel food preferences in the social context, i.e., whether knowledge and previous experience can influence individual preference or if the presence of conspecifics can alter their choice. In the present study, we examined in cinereous tit (Parus cinereus) whether individuals with different personality types in the social context will prefer their own previously chosen novel food or change their preference in the presence of conspecifics. Second, we studied how the presence and behaviour of conspecifics may mediate individual personality. We conducted a standardized personality assay (exploratory behaviour) to analyse the individual personality. Birds were trained and provided with three different types of novel human-derived materials in both asocial and social contexts (with a conspecific). We recorded the latency to feed, time spent at the feeder, and the number of visits by fast and slow explorers in the two contexts, i.e., asocial and social. After the analyses of experimental data, we found that fast-exploring cinereous tits preferred peanuts in an asocial context, while slow explorers consumed a greater amount of sunflower seeds. In the social context, individuals of both personality types preferred peanuts to sunflower seeds. Additionally, individuals took less latency to eat food, made more visits to the feeder, and spent more time at the feeder in the social context than in the asocial context. Our findings show that foraging success may be determined by personality and social context. However, personality traits may be subject to constraints arising from correlations with other behavioural traits, and it remains a major challenge to understand the functional significance of individual foraging strategies.
Always with You: Questioning the Theological Construction of the Un/Deserving Poor
Authors: Muers Rachel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The cultural persistence and political salience of the ‘un/deserving poor’ – the moral categorization of people in poverty – rests, inter alia, on the use of Christianity to construct a class-inflected position from which to judge or categorize the lives of others. Interpretation of the claim that the poor are ‘always with you’ (Matthew 26:11) plays a role in this process of asymmetrical moralization, specifically through the framing of ‘the poor’ as a class with divinely-mandated functions and virtues. To develop theological challenges to asymmetrical moralization, I examine patterns in contemporary and historical interpretation of the gospel accounts of the woman who anoints Jesus (the wider context of the claim that the poor are ‘always with you’). I propose that, while many interpreters attempt to use these texts to establish a position from which to judge both the woman and ‘the poor’, they can be reread in a way that undermines that construction.
The Prophetic Role of the Church and Postcolonial Portrait of Nigeria in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Purple Hibiscus
Authors: Amaefule Adolphus Ekedimma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article brings together Christian theology, creative literature and history in the current spirit of interdisciplinary scholarship. It endeavours to unveil, in the first place, the image painted of Nigeria as a post-colonial entity in the novel, Purple Hibiscus, by the award-winning writer, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Through the events, characters and realities employed by her in painting the above-mentioned image of Nigeria, it is evident that the historical period captured is most likely located in the military regimes of Ibrahim Babangida (1985–93) and Sani Abacha (1993–98). The article then considers the role that the Catholic Church in Nigeria, especially its hierarchy, played during the period and what that performance of such has to say to the same church leaders in Nigeria, today. These reflections stand inside the emerging tradition of a public theology in Nigeria.
The Third Space Between Church and City: Coproduction in a Danish Municipality
Authors: Viftrup Lars Buch , Grabowski Dan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The city is essentially a public arena where diverse people and multiple systems, networks and cultures encounter each other. It is where church interacts with all the other agents of the city. Understanding the implication of these encounters for church as well as city is notoriously difficult and ambiguous. As a result of an empirical study in the Danish city of Aarhus, eight ‘functions’ have been distinguished. This article asks what happens, if instead, they are seen as part of a third, common space of interaction for church and city. For purposes of further interpretation a garden-city narrative and trinitarian motifs are deployed.
Borders before Nations: Encounters in the Akan and Dzungar Borderlands, 1450–1750
Authors: Hellman Lisa , Smith Edmond 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This article combines the methodological approaches and insights of two scholars working in distinct regions of the early modern world, namely West Africa and Central Asia, to consider border-making outside of Europe before the nation state. Using borders to understand historical developments is not unprecedented and decades of borderland studies have shown how borders result from, and are affected by, political, emotional, economic, and social processes. The field has also shown that borders can be permeable and solid simultaneously and has offered fruitful new perspectives for historians examining the gradual consolidation of nation states. However, using the history of border-making to understand how nations were formed is a comparatively modern, and regionally limited, line of inquiry. Instead, by adopting a comparative analysis, underpinned by a common theoretical approach, this article combines the examination of two understudied early modern regions to offer an alternative approach for understanding border-making, situated in a global context. Comparisons of this nature show the potential of global history to break up categories taken for granted and open up new venues for research; in doing so, they can generate novel approaches that serve to connect diverse spaces, historiographies, and archives.
Counterexpectational Translations: The Dutch Markers Toch and Eigenlijk Contrasted with Their English Correspondents
Authors: Buysse Lieven 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Dutch particle toch and modal adverb eigenlijk both belong to the broad domain of ‘contrast’: their prototypical functions have been described as ‘concession’ and ‘counterexpectation’, respectively, and both have been attributed emphatic discourse uses (e.g. toch as a common ground reminder and eigenlijk as a reinforcement marker). This study analyses the multifunctional scope of toch and eigenlijk in Dutch and maps their translation equivalents in English through an in-depth analysis of the Dutch-English component of the Europarl corpus. For eigenlijk the most common correspondents (in fact, really, actually) belong to the core of the semantic domain of (counter)expectation, whereas none of the English correspondents of toch is able to capture the marker’s duality as both a concessive and a common ground marker. The high degree of zero correspondences in English source texts suggests the translators’ strong awareness of the markers’ pragmalinguistic contribution.