bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperuricaemia: prevalence and association with mortality in an elderly Finnish population
Authors: Timsans Janis , Kauppi Jenni Emilia , Kerola Anne Mirjam , Lehto Tiina Maarit , Kautiainen Hannu , Kauppi Markku Jaakko 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo establish the prevalence of hyperuricaemia in an elderly Finnish cohort and to assess its association with comorbidities and mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingGood Ageing in Lahti Region study, Finland 2002–2012 (mortality data analysed until 2018).Participants2673 participants (mean age 64 years; 47% men).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrevalence of hyperuricaemia in the study population was detected. Associations between hyperuricaemia and mortality were assessed using multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.MethodsData from a prospective, population-based study of elderly people (52–76 years) in the Lahti region, Finland, were used. Information on serum uric acid (SUA) levels as well as several other laboratory variables, comorbidities, lifestyle habits and socioeconomic factors was collected, and the association between SUA level and mortality in a 15-year follow-up period was analysed.ResultsOf 2673 elderly Finnish persons included in the study 1197 (48%) were hyperuricaemic. Hyperuricaemia was extremely prevalent in men (60%). There was an association between elevated SUA and mortality which remained after adjustment for potential confounding factors (age, gender, education, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension and dyslipidaemia). The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality among clearly hyperuricaemic individuals with SUA≥420 µmol/L compared with normouricaemic individuals (SUA<360 µmol/L) was 1.32 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.60) in women and 1.29 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.60) in men. In slightly hyperuricaemic individuals (SUA 360–420 µmol/L) the corresponding HRs were 1.03 (95% CI 0.78 to 1.35) and 1.11 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.39).ConclusionsHyperuricaemia is very prevalent in the elderly Finnish population and is independently associated with increased mortality.
Gut microbiome modulates the effects of a personalised postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet on cardiometabolic markers: a diet intervention in pre-diabetes
Authors: Ben-Yacov Orly , Godneva Anastasia , Rein Michal , Shilo Smadar , Lotan-Pompan Maya , Weinberger Adina , Segal Eran 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveTo explore the interplay between dietary modifications, microbiome composition and host metabolic responses in a dietary intervention setting of a personalised postprandial-targeting (PPT) diet versus a Mediterranean (MED) diet in pre-diabetes.DesignIn a 6-month dietary intervention, adults with pre-diabetes were randomly assigned to follow an MED or PPT diet (based on a machine-learning algorithm for predicting postprandial glucose responses). Data collected at baseline and 6 months from 200 participants who completed the intervention included: dietary data from self-recorded logging using a smartphone application, gut microbiome data from shotgun metagenomics sequencing of faecal samples, and clinical data from continuous glucose monitoring, blood biomarkers and anthropometrics.ResultsPPT diet induced more prominent changes to the gut microbiome composition, compared with MED diet, consistent with overall greater dietary modifications observed. Particularly, microbiome alpha-diversity increased significantly in PPT (p=0.007) but not in MED arm (p=0.18). Post hoc analysis of changes in multiple dietary features, including food-categories, nutrients and PPT-adherence score across the cohort, demonstrated significant associations between specific dietary changes and species-level changes in microbiome composition. Furthermore, using causal mediation analysis we detect nine microbial species that partially mediate the association between specific dietary changes and clinical outcomes, including three species (fromBacteroidales,Lachnospiraceae,Oscillospiralesorders) that mediate the association between PPT-adherence score and clinical outcomes of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides. Finally, using machine-learning models trained on dietary changes and baseline clinical data, we predict personalised metabolic responses to dietary modifications and assess features importance for clinical improvement in cardiometabolic markers of blood lipids, glycaemic control and body weight.ConclusionsOur findings support the role of gut microbiome in modulating the effects of dietary modifications on cardiometabolic outcomes, and advance the concept of precision nutrition strategies for reducing comorbidities in pre-diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT03222791.
Association of beta-blockers beyond 1 year after myocardial infarction and cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Ishak Divan , Aktaa Suleman , Lindhagen Lars , Alfredsson Joakim , Dondo Tatendashe Bernadette , Held Claes , Jernberg Tomas , Yndigegn Troels , Gale Chris P , Batra Gorav 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveBeta-blockers (BB) are an established treatment following myocardial infarction (MI). However, there is uncertainty as to whether BB beyond the first year of MI have a role in patients without heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).MethodsA nationwide cohort study was conducted including 43 618 patients with MI between 2005 and 2016 in the Swedish register for coronary heart disease. Follow-up started 1 year after hospitalisation (index date). Patients with heart failure or LVSD up until the index date were excluded. Patients were allocated into two groups according to BB treatment. Primary outcome was a composite of all-cause mortality, MI, unscheduled revascularisation and hospitalisation for heart failure. Outcomes were analysed using Cox and Fine–Grey regression models after inverse propensity score weighting.ResultsOverall, 34 253 (78.5%) patients received BB and 9365 (21.5%) did not at the index date 1 year following MI. The median age was 64 years and 25.5% were female. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the unadjusted rate of primary outcome was lower among patients who received versus not received BB (3.8 vs 4.9 events/100 person-years) (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.73 to 1.04). Following inverse propensity score weighting and multivariable adjustment, the risk of the primary outcome was not different according to BB treatment (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04). Similar findings were observed when censoring for BB discontinuation or treatment switch during follow-up.ConclusionEvidence from this nationwide cohort study suggests that BB treatment beyond 1 year of MI for patients without heart failure or LVSD was not associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes.
Rationale and design of a randomised trial of trientine in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Farrant John , Dodd Susanna , Vaughan Carly , Reid Anna , Schmitt Matthias , Garratt Clifford , Akhtar Mohammed , Mahmod Masliza , Neubauer Stefan , Cooper Robert M , Prasad Sanjay K , Singh Anvesha , Valkovič Ladislav , Raman Betty , Ashkir Zakariye , Clayton Dannii , Baroja Olatz , Duran Beatriz , Spowart Catherine , Bedson Emma , Naish Josephine H , Harrington Chris , Miller Christopher A 
Published: May 2023

AimsHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterised by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), myocardial fibrosis, enhanced oxidative stress and energy depletion. Unbound/loosely bound tissue copper II ions are powerful catalysts of oxidative stress and inhibitors of antioxidants. Trientine is a highly selective copper II chelator. In preclinical and clinical studies in diabetes, trientine is associated with reduced LVH and fibrosis, and improved mitochondrial function and energy metabolism. Trientine was associated with improvements in cardiac structure and function in an open-label study in patients with HCM.MethodsThe Efficacy and Mechanism of Trientine in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (TEMPEST) trial is a multicentre, double-blind, parallel group, 1:1 randomised, placebo-controlled phase II trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of trientine in patients with HCM. Patients with a diagnosis of HCM according to the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines and in New York Heart Association classes I–III are randomised to trientine or matching placebo for 52 weeks. Primary outcome is change in left ventricular (LV) mass indexed to body surface area, measured using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Secondary efficacy objectives will determine whether trientine improves exercise capacity, reduces arrhythmia burden, reduces cardiomyocyte injury, improves LV and atrial function, and reduces LV outflow tract gradient. Mechanistic objectives will determine whether the effects are mediated by cellular or extracellular mass regression and improved myocardial energetics.ConclusionTEMPEST will determine the efficacy and mechanism of action of trientine in patients with HCM.Trial registration numbersNCT04706429andISRCTN57145331.
Trends in paediatric firearm-related encounters during the COVID-19 pandemic by age group, race/ethnicity and schooling mode in Tennessee
Authors: McKay Tara , Gastineau Kelsey , Wrenn Jesse O , Han Jin H , Storrow Alan B 
Published: May 2023

BackgroundIncreases in paediatric firearm-related injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic may be due to changes in where children and adolescents spent their time. This study examines changes in the frequency of paediatric firearm-related encounters as a function of schooling mode overall and by race/ethnicity and age group at a large trauma centre through 2021.MethodsWe use data from a large paediatric and adult trauma centre in Tennessee from January 2018 to December 2021 (N=211 encounters) and geographically linked schooling mode data. We use Poisson regressions to estimate smoothed monthly paediatric firearm-related encounters as a function of schooling mode overall and stratified by race and age.ResultsCompared with pre pandemic, we find a 42% increase in paediatric encounters per month during March 2020 to August 2020, when schools were closed, no significant increase during virtual/hybrid instruction, and a 23% increase in encounters after schools returned to in-person instruction. The effects of schooling mode are heterogeneous by patient race/ethnicity and age. Encounters increased among non-Hispanic black children across all periods relative to pre pandemic. Among non-Hispanic white children, encounters increased during the closure period and decreased on return to in-person instruction. Compared with pre pandemic, paediatric firearm-related encounters increased 205% for children aged 5–11 and 69% for adolescents aged 12–15 during the school closure period.ConclusionCOVID-19-related changes to school instruction mode in 2020 and 2021 are associated with changes in the frequency and composition of paediatric firearm-related encounters at a major trauma centre in Tennessee.
Occupational risk factors and exposure–response relationships for airway disease among health workers exposed to cleaning agents in tertiary hospitals
Authors: Mwanga Hussein H , Baatjies Roslynn , Jeebhay Mohamed Fareed 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesThis study investigated occupational risk factors and exposure–response relationships for airway disease among health workers (HWs) exposed to cleaning agents in two tertiary hospitals in South Africa and Tanzania.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 697 participants completed questionnaire interviews while 654 underwent fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) testing. Asthma Symptom Score (ASS) was computed based on the sum of answers to five questions on asthma-related symptoms in the past 12 months. For exposure–response analyses, cleaning agent-related self-reported exposure variables were categorised into three levels (cleaning product not used; use of a cleaning product for up to 99 min per week and use of a cleaning product for ≥100 min per week).ResultsAsthma-related outcomes (ASS and FeNO) demonstrated positive associations with medical instrument cleaning agents (orthophthalaldehyde and enzymatic cleaners) and tasks (instruments precleaning and changing sterilisation solutions) as well as patient care activities (disinfection prior to procedures and disinfecting wounds). A particularly pronounced dose–response relationship was observed between work-related ocular-nasal symptoms and medical instrument cleaning agents (orthophthalaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, enzymatic cleaners, alcohols and bleach) (OR range: 2.37–4.56) and tasks (OR range: 2.92–4.44). A strong association was also observed between ASS and use of sprays for fixed surface cleaning (mean ratio 2.81; 95% CI 1.41 to 5.59).ConclusionsSpecific agents for medical instrument disinfection for example, orthophthalaldehyde and enzymatic cleaners, patient care activities and use of sprays are important occupational risk factors for airway disease among HWs.
One-loop electron mass and QED trace anomaly
Authors: Eides Michael I. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractElectron mass is considered as a matrix element of the energy–momentum trace in the rest frame. The one-loop diagrams for this matrix element are different from the textbook diagrams for the electron mass renormalization. We clarify connection between the two sets of diagrams and explain analytically and diagrammatically why the results of both calculations coincide.
Impact of electric charges on chaos in magnetized Reissner–Nordström spacetimes
Authors: Yang Daqi , Liu Wenfang , Wu Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe consider the motion of test particles around a Reissner–Nordström black hole immersed into a strong external magnetic field modifying the spacetime structure. When the particles are neutral, their dynamics are nonintegrable because the magnetic field acts as a gravitational effect, which destroys the existence of a fourth motion constant in the Reissner–Nordström spacetime. A time-transformed explicit symplectic integrator is used to show that the motion of neutral particles can be chaotic under some circumstances. When test particles have electric charges, their motions are subject to an electromagnetic field surrounding the black hole as well as the gravitational forces from the black hole and the magnetic field. It is found that increasing both the magnetic field and the particle energy or decreasing the particle angular momentum can strengthen the degree of chaos regardless of whether the particles are neutral or charged. The effect of varying the black hole positive charge on the dynamical transition from order to chaos is associated with the electric charges of particles. The dynamical transition of neutral particles has no sensitive dependence on a change of the black hole charge. An increase of the black hole charge weakens the chaoticity of positive charged particles, whereas enhances the chaoticity of negative charged particles. With the magnitude of particle charge increasing, chaos always gets stronger.
Sediment preservation and accretion rates of fluvial meander-belt deposits: variations with temporal scale and river size
Authors: Yan N. , Colombera L. , Mountney N. P. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The preservation and accretion rates of fluvial meander-belt deposits appear to vary with the time over which they are evaluated, but the drivers of this effect are not fully understood. Using channel trajectories tracking the temporal evolution of meandering rivers, constrained with data on past river planforms, a numerical model is used to simulate planform evolutions of meander-belt reaches that underwent different types of meander transformation behaviours and bend cutoffs. Sediment preservation and bar accretion rates are quantified for three hierarchies of depositional products: (i) accretion stages reflecting intervals of bend migration by a certain meander-transformation style, (ii) meander-belt segments encompassing multiple stages but no bend cutoffs and (iii) meander-belt segments that experienced one or multiple cutoffs. Results show that distinct power-law relationships between the accretion rate and the time of sedimentation exist for river systems of different magnitudes in scale. Within each order of magnitude in river-system size, a single power-law relationship fails to effectively capture all depositional hierarchies. Sediment preservation varies with the time over which it is computed, but systematic variations in accretion rates with time primarily portray an apparent dependency of river migration rates on time: these variations largely reflect the temporal resolution and timespan of the modelled examples, highlighting an inherent issue affecting studies of river evolutions.
The Biranian Spiritualism of Alexis Bertrand: A Philosophy of One’s Own Body?
Authors: Hacques Romain 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Focusing on the reception of Maine de Biran by Alexis Bertrand in his thesis, L’aperception du corps humain par la conscience (1880), I will demonstrate how the “corps propre” (one’s own body) becomes a key concept in order to re-orientate the French spiritualist movement. To do so, Bertrand’s neo-Biranism uses a new methodology with phenomenological issues. The image of the body, the primitive space or the engagement within the world becomes new research themes for spiritualism. His interpretation of Biran’s philosophy leads him to criticize mechanistic epistemology, and especially the concept of reflex. In this context, Bertrand proposes an animist metaphysics, aiming to reconcile his Biranism with the advances of science. As a consequence, the history of the concept of one’s own body must take into account metaphysical perspectives and not only scientific and experimental researches.
Tics, Slips of the Tongue and Habit between Maine de Biran and Victor Egger
Authors: de Robertis Sofia Sandreschi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This article compares the phenomena of “tic” and “slip of the tongue” [lapsus] as they have been described by Maine de Biran and Victor Egger, including a possible reception of Biran’s thought by Egger. In the twentieth century these phenomena will be analysed by psychoanalysts, but their first description appears in nineteenth-century French philosophy. Emerging from the analysis of Biran’s “tics” and Egger’s “slips” in the nineteenth century, the concept of habit becomes linked to a reflection on the unconscious. Tic and slip of the tongue constitute, each in its own way, the place where habit exhibits its most peculiar characteristic, that of being always suspended in the dual dialectic of the voluntary and the involuntary, of the conscious and the unconscious. Maine de Biran’s “habit tics” underline the tendency set by habit for which voluntary and conscious actions become involuntary and unconscious, whereas Egger defines slip of the tongue as an involuntary and unconscious event that allows the birth of new habits.
Proust on the Subconscious: Psychic Splitting, Half-sleep, and Metempsychosis
Authors: Piazza Marco 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This contribution explores the concept of the unconscious as articulated by Proust in his À la recherche du temps perdu (Proust ([1913–1927] 1998–1999) and in a series of documents and texts that preceded it. It aims at understanding whether and to what extent Proust can be placed in a line of French thought that begins with the work of Maine de Biran and culminates in the reception in the second half of the nineteenth century of Biranism by French alienists: doctors specialized in the study of mental alienation. This type of interpretation of Biran’s doctrine is attuned to the increasing attention which, at the time of Proust’s education, was given to the unconscious and to the idea that, alongside the conscious self, there is an unconscious self, understood as a secondary personality that can manifest itself in the life of the individual in both normal and pathological ways. Following the interpretative path pursued in Piazza (1997, 2017), Bizub (2006), and Fraisse (2013), this article takes into account both Proust’s secondary and university education and his familiarity with experimental psychology, to which he was introduced by his father.
Antiemetics and Apfel Scores in Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Tran Van N. , Fitzpatrick Brennan J. , Das Sourav 
Published: May 2023

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication following surgery. Only a few risk factors have consistently been reported to be independent predictors for PONV. Aim: To report Apfel scores for orthopedic patients then correlate these scores to the number of antiemetics prescribed and subsequently administered in both the perioperative and post operative setting and determine if screening for Apfel scores is beneficial to predict PONV. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients admitted under orthopedic units between 1st July 2020 and 31st July 2020 was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in Australia. Patients were screened and allocated an Apfel score and antiemetics agents prescribed and subsequently administered were recorded. Results: A total of 115 patients were screened for inclusion. Of these 4 patients met this exclusion criteria, resulting in a total sample size of 111 patients. An Apfel score of 2 was reported in 45.0% of patients, followed by 28.8% of patients scoring 3, with 12.6% scoring one. Only 5.4% of patients scored the highest risk of 4, with 8.2% of patients with no Apfel score documented. Conclusion: Orthopedic patients tend to score 2 or more in their Apfel score placing them at higher risk of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting according to the collectively validated Apfel’s simplified risk score. There was no statistically significant relationship between the Apfel score and the number of antiemetic agents prescribed or administered from both the perioperative and post-operative setting following orthopedic surgery in this cohort of adult patients.
Understanding the experiences of mothers receiving perinatal palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Tewani Komal , Singh Ratna , Wendy Cheong Pei Yi , Jia Huan Ho , Jayagobi Pooja , Teo Irene 
Published: May 2023

Background: Despite the diagnosis of life-limiting foetal conditions, some mothers choose to continue their pregnancies. The experiences of these individuals are relatively unknown, making it difficult for perinatal palliative services to be targeted towards their needs. Aim: To examine maternal experiences in perinatal palliative care among those who choose to continue their pregnancies despite life-limiting foetal condition. Design: Qualitative, retrospective study involving semi-structured interviews. Braun & Clarke’s reflexive thematic analyses using a constructionist-interpretive approach were conducted. Setting/participants: A total of 15 adult women participants who decided to continue their pregnancies after learning of life-limiting foetal diagnoses were recruited from a Singaporean tertiary hospital. Interviews were conducted in-person or via video conferencing. Results: Seven themes were synthesized from the data: (1) Internal upheaval – ‘World turns upside down’; (2) Role of religion and spirituality in hope of miracles; (3) Support from family and close friends; (4) Navigating a fragmented healthcare system; (5) Value added by the perinatal palliative service; (6) Goodbye and grieving and (7) No regrets and other personal reflections. Conclusions: Continuing a pregnancy despite the diagnosis of a life-limiting foetal condition can be challenging for mothers. To better meet their needs during this difficult period, perinatal palliative care must be patient-centred, multidisciplinary and non-judgmental. Efforts must be made to streamline the healthcare delivery process.