bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Product Profiles of Promiscuous Enzymes Can be Altered by Controlling In Vivo Spatial Organization
Authors: Cheah Li Chen , Liu Lian , Plan Manuel R. , Peng Bingyin , Lu Zeyu , Schenk Gerhard , Vickers Claudia E. , Sainsbury Frank 
Published: September 2023

AbstractEnzyme spatial organization is an evolved mechanism for facilitating multi‐step biocatalysis and can play an important role in the regulation of promiscuous enzymes. The latter function suggests that artificial spatial organization can be an untapped avenue for controlling the specificity of bioengineered metabolic pathways. A promiscuous terpene synthase (nerolidol synthase) is co‐localized and spatially organized with the preceding enzyme (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) in a heterologous production pathway, via translational protein fusion and/or co‐encapsulation in a self‐assembling protein cage. Spatial organization enhances nerolidol production by ≈11‐ to ≈62‐fold relative to unorganized enzymes. More interestingly, striking differences in the ratio of end products (nerolidol and linalool) are observed with each spatial organization approach. This demonstrates that artificial spatial organization approaches can be harnessed to modulate the product profiles of promiscuous enzymes in engineered pathways in vivo. This extends the application of spatial organization beyond situations where multiple enzymes compete for a single substrate to cases where there is competition among multiple substrates for a single enzyme.
Expanding the phenotype of Brunner syndrome from childhood to adulthood: Description of the second pediatric patient and his mother
Authors: Minniti Maria Letizia , Kalantari Silvia , Pasca Ludovica , Bruno Samantha , Arceri Sebastiano , Novello Elisa , Giorgio Elisa , Rizzo Vittoria , Borgatti Renato , Valente Enza Maria , Pisani Antonio , Orcesi Simona , Sirchia Fabio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBrunner syndrome is a recessive X‐linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). It is characterized by distinctive aggressive behavior, mild intellectual disability, sleep disturbances, and typical biochemical alterations deriving from the impaired monoamine metabolism. We herein describe a 5‐year‐old boy with developmental delay, autistic features, and myoclonic epilepsy, and his mother, who had mild intellectual disability and recurrent episodes of palpitations, headache, abdominal pain, and abdominal bloating. Whole exome sequencing allowed detection of the maternally‐inherited variant c.410A>G, (p.Glu137Gly) in the MAOA gene. The subsequent biochemical studies confirmed the MAOA deficiency both in the child and his mother. Given the serotonergic symptoms associated with high serotonin levels found in the mother, treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dietary modifications were carried out, resulting in regression of the biochemical abnormalities and partial reduction of symptoms. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of Brunner disease, bringing new perspectives on the behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotype from childhood to adulthood.
Green Solvent Processable, Asymmetric Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Layer Material for Efficient and Stable n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Cheng Qinrong , Chen Haiyang , Chen Weijie , Ding Junyuan , Chen Ziyuan , Shen Yunxiu , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wu Yeyong , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of dopant‐free hole transport layers (HTLs) is critical in stabilizing n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs). However, these HTL materials are often processed with toxic solvents, which is not ideal for industrial production. Upon substituting them with green solvents, a trade‐off emerges between maintaining the high crystallinity of the HTL materials and ensuring high solubility in the new solvents. In this paper, we designed a novel, linear, organic small molecule, BDT‐C8‐3O, by introducing an asymmetric polar oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain. This method not only overcomes the solubility limitations in green solvents but also enables stacking the conjugated main chains in two patterns, which further enhances crystallinity and hole mobility. As a result, the n‐i‐p pero‐SCs based on chlorobenzene‐ or green (natural compound) solvent 3‐methylcyclohexanone‐processed BDT‐C8‐3O HTL that without any dopant delivered world‐recorded power conversion efficiencies of 24.11 % (certified of 23.82 %) and 23.53 %, respectively. The devices also demonstrated remarkable operational and high‐temperature stabilities, maintaining over 84 % and 79.5 % of their initial efficiency for 2000 h, respectively. Encouragingly, dopant‐free BDT‐C8‐3O HTL exhibits significant advantages in large‐area fabrication, achieving state‐of‐the‐art PCEs exceeding 20 % for 5×5 cm2 modules (active area: 15.64 cm2), even when processed using green solvents.
Electrolyte Interphases in Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Sui Yiming , Ji Xiulei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe narrow electrochemical stability window of water poses a challenge to the development of aqueous electrolytes. In contrast to non‐aqueous electrolytes, the products of water electrolysis do not contribute to the formation of a passivation layer on electrodes. As a result, aqueous electrolytes require the reactions of additional components, such as additives and co‐solvents, to facilitate the formation of the desired solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the cathode. This review highlights the fundamental principles and recent advancements in generating electrolyte interphases in aqueous batteries.
Pioneering first‐in‐class FAAH‐HDAC inhibitors as potential multitarget neuroprotective agents
Authors: Papa Alessandro , Cursaro Ilaria , Pozzetti Luca , Contri Chiara , Cappello Martina , Pasquini Silvia , Carullo Gabriele , Ramunno Anna , Gemma Sandra , Varani Katia , Butini Stefania , Campiani Giuseppe , Vincenzi Fabrizio 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAiming to simultaneously modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS) functions and the epigenetic machinery, we selected the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes as desired targets to develop potential neuroprotective multitarget‐directed ligands (MTDLs), expecting to achieve an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect in oxidative stress‐related conditions. We herein report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first‐in‐class FAAH‐HDAC multitarget inhibitors. A pharmacophore merging strategy was applied, yielding 1‐phenylpyrrole‐based compounds 4a–j. The best‐performing compounds (4c, 4f, and 4h) were tested for their neuroprotective properties in oxidative stress models, employing 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells and SHSY5 human neuronal cells. In our preliminary studies, compound 4h stood out, showing a balanced nanomolar inhibitory activity against the selected targets and outperforming the standard antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine in vitro. Together with 4f, 4h was also able to protect 1321N1 cells from tert‐butyl hydroperoxide or glutamate insult. Our study may provide the basis for the development of novel MTDLs targeting the ECS and epigenetic enzymes.
Antibacterial functionalization of calfskin bioremediation film
Authors: Liang Yi , Wei Chao , Song Yuying , Feng Yihua 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDecellularized calfskins are a well‐established skin substitute that retains the dermal tissue's spatial structure, facilitating skin regeneration, and is already available in the market. However, their mechanical properties can change with degradation, leading to tearing at the suture. Moreover, decellularized calfskins do not possess inherent antimicrobial abilities, which can lead to wound infection and further injury during the healing process. With the objectives of supporting the clinical use of decellularized calfskins, minimizing the probability of decellularized calfskin fracture and damage during usage, and improving their anti‐infective properties, this study utilized a post‐loading method to load gentamicin sulfate onto the decellularized calfskin to functionalize it for antimicrobial purposes. In addition, the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the drug‐carrying film were investigated to see if they could meet the clinical requirements. The results revealed that vancomycin sulfate could be loaded onto the decellularized calfskin without affecting collagen. The tensile strength of the drug‐loaded membrane was determined to be in the range of 5.53–29.25 MPa, meeting the clinical requirements. Thermal analysis and pH analysis experiments demonstrated that the drug‐loaded membrane did not undergo thermal denaturation or decomposition during skin repair and remained within the normal pH range of the skin, avoiding significant fluctuations in wound pH.
Identification of optimal flow rate for culture media, cell density, and oxygen toward maximization of virus production in a fed‐batch baculovirus‐insect cell system
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Mahadevan Jagadeesh , Giri Lopamudra , Mitra Kishalay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn recent times, it has been realized that novel vaccines are required to combat emerging disease outbreaks, and faster optimization is required to respond to global vaccine demands. Although, fed‐batch operations offer better productivity, experiment‐based optimization of a new fed‐batch process remains expensive and time‐consuming. In this context, we propose a novel computational framework that can be used for process optimization and control of a fed‐batch baculovirus‐insect cell system. Since the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is known to be widely used platforms for recombinant protein/vaccine production, we chose this system to demonstrate the identification of optimal profile. Toward this, first, we constructed a mathematical model that captures the time course of cell and virus growth in a baculovirus‐insect cell system. Second, the proposed model was used for numerical analysis to determine the optimal operating profiles of control variables such as culture media, cell density, and oxygen based on a multiobjective optimal control formulation. Third, a detailed comparison between batch and fed‐batch culture was perfromed along with a comparison between various alternatives of fed‐batch operation. Finally, we demonstrate that a model‐based quantification of controlled feed addition in fed‐batch culture is capable of providing better productivity as compared to a batch culture. The proposed framework can be utilized for the estimation of optimal operating regions of different control variables to achieve maximum infected cell density and virus yield while minimizing the substrate/media, uninfected cell, and oxygen consumption.
Rapid, label‐free enrichment of lymphocytes in a closed system using a flow‐through microfluidic device
Authors: Mukhamedshin Anton , Reddington Riley C. , Dinh Mai T. P. , Abhishek Kumar , Iqbal Mubasher , Manheim Marc , Gifford Sean C. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe majority of adoptive cellular therapies are produced from peripheral mononuclear cells obtained via leukapheresis and further enriched for the cells of interest (e.g., T cells). Here, we present a first‐of‐its‐kind closed system, which effectively removes ~85% of monocytes and ~88% of platelets, while recovering ~88% of concentrated T cells in a separate output stream, as the leukapheresis sample flows through a microfluidic device at 5 mL/min. The system is driven by a common peristaltic pump, enabled by a novel pressure wave dampener, and operates in a closed bag‐to‐bag configuration, without requiring any specialized, dedicated equipment. When compared to standard density gradient centrifugation on paired samples, the new system demonstrated a 1.5‐fold increase in T cell recovery and a 2‐fold reduction in inter‐sample variability for this separation outcome. The T cell‐to‐monocyte ratio of the leukapheresis sample was increased to 20:1, whereas with density gradient processing it decreased to 2:1. As a result of superior purity and/or gentler processing, T cells enriched by the system showed a 2.7‐times higher fold expansion during subsequent culture, and an overall 3.5‐times higher cumulative yield. This centrifugation‐free and label‐free closed system for enriching lymphocytes could significantly simplify and standardize the manufacturing of life‐saving cellular therapies.
‘Most people think you're a fruit loop’: Clients’ experiences of seeking support for anomalous experiences
Authors: Roxburgh Elizabeth C. , Evenden Rachel E. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of clients who report anomalous experiences (AEs) in counselling services, so we are better informed about how therapists have responded to such clients. AEs are defined as those that ‘depart from our own familiar personal experiences or from the more usual, ordinary, and expected experiences of a given culture and time’ (Braud, , p. 107).DesignA qualitative approach was taken involving semi‐structured interviews, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted on transcripts.MethodSemi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with eight clients who had discussed at least one anomalous experience in counselling.ResultsFour themes were derived from participants’ data which were labelled using short participant extracts: ‘Why are you looking at that airy fairy crap?’, ‘It was like banging your head against a brick wall’, ‘It kind of shut the door’, and ‘Having someone to normalise and say you're not crazy, you're not weird’.ConclusionsFindings highlight the importance for clients of finding an open‐minded and informed counsellor, so they can explore the meaning of the anomalous experience without being ridiculed or pathologised. Implications for both clients and counsellors are discussed in terms of the accessibility of counselling services to meet the needs of diverse clients and the growing field of clinical parapsychology.
Biotransformation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Trioxilins by Lipoxygenase from Pleurotus sajor‐caju
Authors: Seo Min‐Ju , Lee Tae‐Eui , Yeom Soo‐Jin , Oh Deok‐Kun , Shin Kyung‐Chul 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA lipoxygenase from Pleurotus sajor‐caju (PsLOX) was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified as a soluble protein with a specific activity of 629 μmol/min/mg for arachidonic acid (AA). The native PsLOX exhibited a molecular mass of 146 kDa, including a 73‐kDa homodimer, as estimated by gel‐filtration chromatography. The major products converted from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were identified as trioxilins (TrXs), namely 13,14,15‐TrXB3, 13,14,15‐TrXB4, and 15,16,17‐TrXB5, respectively, through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analyses. The enzyme displayed its maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 20 °C. Under these conditions, the specific activity and catalytic efficiency of PsLOX for PUFAs exhibited the following order: AA>EPA>DHA. Based on HPLC analysis and substrate specificity, PsLOX was identified as an arachidonate 15‐LOX. PsLOX efficiently converted 10 mM of AA, EPA, and DHA to 8.7 mM of 13,14,15‐TrXB3 (conversion rate: 87 %), 7.9 mM of 13,14,15‐TrXB4 (79 %), and 7.2 mM of 15,16,17‐TrXB5 (72 %) in 15, 20, and 20 min, respectively, marking the highest conversion rates reported to date. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PsLOX is an efficient TrXs‐producing enzyme.
Ectopic thyroid gland resembling a thyroglossal duct cyst
Authors: Messias Henrique , Sequeira Maria Luísa , Vilares Miguel , Bitoque Sandra , Rito Miguel , Gomes Pedro 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageThis rare diagnosis highlights the importance of anatomical and embryological knowledge in the differential diagnosis of neck masses.AbstractA 41‐year‐old woman was referred to the head and neck surgery department because of a large midline neck mass at the level of the hyoid bone that was diagnostic for functioning thyroid tissue in a totally ectopic location.
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Yamada Takayuki 
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical MessageMucinous carcinoma of the skin is clinically characterized by good mobility, slow growth, a macroscopically smooth surface, no easy contact bleeding, and no internal flow on color Doppler; it is thus difficult to distinguish from benign tumors.AbstractA 58‐year‐old man presented to our clinic complaining of a right cheek induration, growing over the previous 6 months. The tumor surface was smooth, pink, did not bleed easily, and approximately 10 mm in size with good mobility. Ultrasonography revealed a well‐circumscribed hypoechoic homogenous tumor with posterior acoustic enhancement; color Doppler displayed no internal flow. Preoperative diagnosis was intradermal type nevus or dermatofibroma. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. The biopsy specimen unexpectedly showed tumor cells with an epithelial alveolar configuration floating in a mucin lake. The tumor cells contained enlarged nuclei and formed atypical columnar epithelium, arranged in fused, honeycomb‐like glandular ducts, indicating mucinous carcinoma.
Characterization of Sprays Generated by the Expansion of Emulsions with Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Lauscher Clara , Licau Alexander , Schaldach Gerhard , Thommes Markus 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExpanding emulsions with liquid CO2 facilitates the creation of aerosols with an average droplet diameter in the low micrometer size range, which is challenging with conventional atomizers. The droplet formation process of the expansion of high‐pressure emulsions was investigated using a plain‐orifice atomizer and different swirl nozzles. The local droplet size and droplet velocities were measured and used to estimate the local Weber number and thus infer the droplet size reduction. Measurements of the local mass concentration in the aerosol showed that, for the swirl nozzle, the highest concentration was found outside of the central axis, indicating radial momentum generated by the swirl nozzle. Furthermore, it was shown that the type of expansion nozzle used has an influence on the resulting median droplet size in the aerosol. For a water mass load of 0.01, the median droplet diameter was reduced from 8 to 3 μm by increasing the swirl number from 0.01 to 0.1.
Pyridazine derivatives as selective COX‐2 inhibitors: A review on recent updates
Authors: Ewieda Sara Y. , Ahmed Eman M. , Hassan Rasha A. , Hassan Marwa S. A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSelective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors have several advantages over nonselective COX inhibitors (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), including the absence of adverse effects (renal and hepatic disorders) associated with the long‐term use of standard NSAIDs, as well as an improved gastrointestinal profile. The pyridazine nucleus is regarded as a promising scaffold for the development of powerful COX‐2 inhibitors, particularly when selectively functionalized. This article summarizes some methods for the synthesis of pyridazine derivatives. Furthermore, it covers all of the pyridazine derivatives that have appeared as selective COX‐2 inhibitors, making it useful as a reference for the rational design of novel selective COX‐2 inhibitors.
Sociodemographic factors affecting glycaemic control in Finnish paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pironetti Riina , Saha Marja‐Terttu , Luukkaala Tiina , Keskinen Päivi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimsSocioeconomic problems may present significant challenges when trying to reach optimal glycaemic control in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. We examined sociodemographic factors affecting metabolic control in patients in one of the biggest paediatric diabetes clinics in Finland.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐one children (age 2–15 years; median 11 years; 47% female) with type 1 diabetes and their families were recruited during outpatient visits in the paediatric diabetes clinic of Tampere University Hospital, Finland. The participants completed a questionnaire on the family's sociodemographic background. The child's glycaemic control was assessed by both glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and time in range (TIR). Risk factors for poor (HbA1c ≥75 mmol/mol; TIR <40%) and optimal (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol; TIR ≥70%) metabolic control were searched using logistic regression analyses.ResultsLiving in a nuclear family, male gender, younger age and a school assistant for diabetes management were associated with the simultaneous presence of both indicators of optimal metabolic control. Poor glycaemic control, as estimated by HbA1c, was associated with lower parental education and the child's older age. Parental smoking and the child's older age were associated with poor TIR.ConclusionThis study confirms the importance of sociodemographic factors in care of Finnish paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Sociodemographic status markers of the family could be used as triggers to alert paediatric diabetes teams to offer more tailored care to families with new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Hydrogen storage materials for vehicular applications
Authors: Srivastava Sumita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHydrogen energy has been assessed as the clean and renewable energy source with the highest energy density. At present, 25% of energy demand comes from the transport sector, while 20% of greenhouse gases are produced from the transport sector at the global level. Hydrogen may be utilized in the vehicles as a fuel for fuel cell vehicles or as a hydrogen system in internal combustion engine vehicles. In both cases, hydrogen storage remains a key parameter. Various types of hydrogen storage materials have a wide range of operating conditions in terms of temperature, hydrogen plateau pressure, and hydrogen storage capacity with other relevant hydrogenation characteristics. At present, not a single hydrogen storage material is available to fulfill all the requirements of hydrogen storage for vehicles on the set target of DOE US. MgH2 has high hydrogen storage capacity equivalent to 7 wt%, but desorption temperature is 300°C. The normal vehicles do not operate at such a high temperature. Therefore, in the present communication, combinations of metal hydrides have been studied. The first combination belongs to MgH2 and AB2 system and another belongs to MgH2, NaAlH4, and AB2 system. In the calculation performed, it has been shown that the amount of heat and temperature available in the exhaust gas of a vehicle is enough to liberate the hydrogen from the high‐temperature metal hydride system. The calculated specific capacity on the system basis has been found as 1.13 kWh/kg (0.034 kgH2/kg) and 1.20 kWh/kg (0.036 kgH2/kg) for both combinations, respectively. These values of specific capacity are very much close to the present target of DOE US.