bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should Artificial Intelligence be used to support clinical ethical decision-making? A systematic review of reasons
Authors: Benzinger Lasse , Ursin Frank , Balke Wolf-Tilo , Kacprowski Tim , Salloch Sabine 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Healthcare providers have to make ethically complex clinical decisions which may be a source of stress. Researchers have recently introduced Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based applications to assist in clinical ethical decision-making. However, the use of such tools is controversial. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the reasons given in the academic literature for and against their use.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Philpapers.org and Google Scholar were searched for all relevant publications. The resulting set of publications was title and abstract screened according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in 44 papers whose full texts were analysed using the Kuckartz method of qualitative text analysis.

Results
Artificial Intelligence might increase patient autonomy by improving the accuracy of predictions and allowing patients to receive their preferred treatment. It is thought to increase beneficence by providing reliable information, thereby, supporting surrogate decision-making. Some authors fear that reducing ethical decision-making to statistical correlations may limit autonomy. Others argue that AI may not be able to replicate the process of ethical deliberation because it lacks human characteristics. Concerns have been raised about issues of justice, as AI may replicate existing biases in the decision-making process.

Conclusions
The prospective benefits of using AI in clinical ethical decision-making are manifold, but its development and use should be undertaken carefully to avoid ethical pitfalls. Several issues that are central to the discussion of Clinical Decision Support Systems, such as justice, explicability or human–machine interaction, have been neglected in the debate on AI for clinical ethics so far.

Trial registration
This review is registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/wvcs9).
Fibrin glue delivery system containing rhein ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration by anti-inflammatory efficacy
Authors: Bao Jianhang , Gao Wenshuo , Zhang Wei , Wang Dong , Pan Hao 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To construct an injectable, sustained-release fibrin gel containing rhein to solve the problem of low bioavailability of rhein, and observe its efficacy in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

Methods
The fibrin gel containing rhein was first synthesized in advance. Subsequently, the materials were characterized by various experimental methods. Secondly, the degenerative cell model was constructed by stimulating nucleus pulposus cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the corresponding intervention treatment was carried out to observe the effect in vitro. Finally, the rat tail intervertebral disc was acupunctured by needles to establish the intervertebral disc degeneration model, and the effect of the material was observed through intradiscal injection.

Results
The fibrin glue containing rhein (rhein@FG) showed good injectability, sustained release and biocompatibility. Rhein@FG can improve the LPS-induced inflammatory microenvironment, regulate ECM metabolic disorders of nucleus pulposus cells and aggregation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro, and inhibit cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments, rhein@FG effectively prevented needle puncture-induced intervertebral disc degeneration in rats.

Conclusions
Rhein@FG has better efficacy than rhein or FG alone due to its slow release and mechanical properties, which can be used as a potential replacement therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration.

Graphical Abstract
What is the difference in proprioception between single condylar arthroplasty and high tibial osteotomy? a comparative study on both knees of the same patient
Authors: Ge Hao , Huang Yiwei , Yan Hongsong , Zeng Yirong , Zeng Jianchun 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to investigate the efficacy and outcomes of different surgical procedures, namely unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO), for the treatment of bilateral medial compartment knee osteoarthritis in the same patient. The joint awareness and function of these two surgical methods were evaluated.

Methods
A total of 15 patients with bilateral medial compartment knee osteoarthritis who underwent either UKA or HTO between 2012 and 2020 were included in the study. Patient data, including age, gender, body mass index and length of hospital stay, were collected. Pre- and post-operative measurements were conducted, including tibiofemoral angle, tibial plateau posterior inclination angle, proximal tibial medial angle, distance from mechanical axis to knee joint center, hip-knee-ankle angle, pre- and post-operative knee joint scores, knee joint range of motion, and FIS-12 scores at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The latest follow-up was used for evaluating the outcomes of osteoarthritis treatment. Normality of continuous variables was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Between-group comparisons were performed using the paired sample t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Repeated measures analysis of variance was utilized to analyze FJS-12 measurements at different time points, and the correlation between FJS-12 and postoperative clinical results was examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results
Significant differences were observed in FJS between the UKA and HTO groups at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, but no significant difference was found at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. FJS in the UKA group demonstrated a significant increase from 3 to 6 months postoperatively, but no significant difference was observed from 6 to 24 months postoperatively. In contrast, FJS in the HTO group showed a significant increase from 3 to 24 months postoperatively.

Conclusions
Patients who underwent UKA exhibited superior joint awareness compared to those who underwent HTO during the early postoperative period. Furthermore, the rate of joint awareness in UKA patients was faster than in HTO patients.
Dynamic predictive scores for cardiac surgery-associated agitated delirium: a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Tian Yu , Ji Bingyang , Diao Xiaolin , Wang Chunrong , Wang Weiwei , Gao Yuchen , Wang Sudena , Zhou Chun , Zhang Qiaoni , Gao Sizhe , Xu Xinyi , Liu Jia , Wang Jianhui , Wang Yuefu 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Prevention, screening, and early treatment are the aims of postoperative delirium management. The scoring system is an objective and effective tool to stratify potential delirium risk for patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods
Patients who underwent cardiac surgery between January 1, 2012, and January 1, 2019, were enrolled in our retrospective study. The patients were divided into a derivation cohort (n = 45,744) and a validation cohort (n = 11,436). The AD predictive systems were formulated using multivariate logistic regression analysis at three time points: preoperation, ICU admittance, and 24 h after ICU admittance.

Results
The prevalence of AD after cardiac surgery in the whole cohort was 3.6% (2,085/57,180). The dynamic scoring system included preoperative LVEF ≤ 45%, serum creatinine > 100 µmol/L, emergency surgery, coronary artery disease, hemorrhage volume > 600 mL, intraoperative platelet or plasma use, and postoperative LVEF ≤ 45%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values for AD prediction were 0.68 (preoperative), 0.74 (on the day of ICU admission), and 0.75 (postoperative). The Hosmer‒Lemeshow test indicated that the calibration of the preoperative prediction model was poor (P = 0.01), whereas that of the pre- and intraoperative prediction model (P = 0.49) and the pre, intra- and postoperative prediction model (P = 0.35) was good.

Conclusions
Using perioperative data, we developed a dynamic scoring system for predicting the risk of AD following cardiac surgery. The dynamic scoring system may improve the early recognition of and the interventions for AD.
TRIM32 reduced the recruitment of innate immune cells and the killing capacity of Listeria monocytogenes by inhibiting secretion of chemokines
Authors: OuYang Xuan , Liu Peng , Zheng Yuling , Jiang Hua , Lv Qingyu , Huang Wenhua , Hao Huaijie , Pian Yaya , Kong Decong , Jiang Yongqiang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractListeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a facultative, intracellular Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that causes sepsis, a condition characterized by persistent excessive inflammation and organ dysfunction. However, the pathogenesis of Lm-induced sepsis is unknown. In this research, we discovered that TRIM32 is required for innate immune regulation during Lm infection. Trim32 deficiency remarkably reduced bacteremia and proinflammatory cytokine secretion in mice with severe Lm infection, preventing sepsis. Trim32−/− mice had a lower bacterial burden after Lm infection and survived significantly longer than wild-type (WT) mice, as well as lower serum levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-12p70, IFN-β, and IFN-γ at 1 day post infection (dpi) compared to WT mice. On the other hand, the chemokines CXCL1, CCL2, CCL7, and CCL5 were enhanced at 3 dpi in Trim32−/− mice than WT mice, reflecting increased recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Furthermore, Trim32−/− mice had higher levels of macrophage-associated iNOS to kill Lm. Collectively, our findings suggest that TRIM32 reduces innate immune cells recruitment and Lm killing capabilities via iNOS production.
Graphical Abstract
Effect of harness design for tag attachment on the flight performance of five soaring species
Authors: Longarini Arianna , Duriez Olivier , Shepard Emily , Safi Kamran , Wikelski Martin , Scacco Martina 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundBio-logging devices play a fundamental and indispensable role in movement ecology studies, particularly in the wild. However, researchers are aware of the influence that attaching devices can have on animals, particularly on their behaviour, energy expenditure and survival. The way a device is attached to an animal’s body has also potential consequences for the collected data, and quantifying the type and magnitude of such potential effects is fundamental to enable researchers to combine and compare data from different studies, as much as it is to improve animal welfare. For over two decades, large terrestrial birds have been in the focus of long-term movement ecology research, employing bio-logging devices attached with different types of harnesses. However, comparative studies investigating the effects of different harness types used on these species are scarce.MethodsIn this study, we tested for potential differences in data collected by two commonly used harness types, backpack and leg-loop, on the flight performance of 10 individuals from five soaring raptor species, equipped with high resolution bio-logging devices, in the same area and time. We explored the effect of harness type on vertical speed, airspeed, glide ratio, height above sea level, distance travelled, proportion of soaring and flapping behaviour, and VeDBA (a proxy for energy expenditure) between and within individuals, all used as fine-scale measures of flight performance.ResultsBirds equipped with leg-loops climbed up to 0.36 ms$$^{-1}$$-1faster, reached 25.9% greater altitudes while soaring and spent less time in active flight compared to birds equipped with backpacks, suggesting that backpack harnesses, compared to leg-loops, might cause additional drag affecting the birds’ flight performance. A lower VeDBA, a lower rate of sinking while gliding and slightly higher glide ratio and airspeeds were also indicative of less drag using leg-loops, even though the effect on these parameters was comparable to inter-individual differences.ConclusionsOur results add to the existing literature highlighting the design-related advantages of leg-loops, and support the use of leg-loops as a better alternative to backpack harnesses for large soaring birds, when possible. Our study also highlights how apparently small changes in device attachment can lead to notable improvements in tagging practice, with implications for animal welfare, data interpretation and comparability.
Phase II Trial of Olaparib in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Harboring DNA Damage Response Gene Alterations
Authors: Doroshow Deborah B. , O'Donnell Peter H. , Hoffman-Censits Jean H. , Gupta Sumati V. , Vaishampayan Ulka , Heath Elisabeth I. , Garcia Philip , Zhao Qianqian , Yu Menggang , Milowsky Matthew I. , Galsky Matthew D. 
Published: July 2023

PURPOSE Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefit for patients with solid tumors bearing germline or somatic alterations in DNA damage response (DDR) genes. Somatic alterations in DDR genes are common in advanced urothelial cancer, raising the possibility that PARP inhibition may confer therapeutic benefit in a molecularly selected subgroup of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). METHODS This single-arm, open-label, multi-institutional, investigator-initiated phase II study evaluated the antitumor activity of olaparib 300 mg twice a day in participants with mUC harboring somatic DDR alterations. Patients had progressed despite previous platinum-based chemotherapy, or were cisplatin-ineligible, and harbored somatic alterations in at least one of a prespecified list of DDR genes. The primary end point was objective response rate; secondary end points were safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Overall, 19 patients with mUC were enrolled and received olaparib; the trial closed early before slow accrual. The median age was 66 years (range, 45-82). Nine patients (47.4%) had received previous cisplatin chemotherapy. Ten patients (52.6%) had alterations in homologous recombination (HR) genes: eight patients (42.1%) had pathogenic BRCA2 mutations and two patients carried alterations in other HR genes. No patients achieved a partial response although six patients achieved stable disease lasting 2.13-16.1 months (median, 7.69). The median PFS was 1.9 months (range, 0.8-16.1), and the median OS was 9.5 months (range, 1.5-22.1). CONCLUSION Single-agent olaparib showed limited antitumor activity in patients with mUC and DDR alterations, which may be related to poorly characterized functional implications of particular DDR alterations and/or cross-resistance with platinum-based chemotherapy in a disease where such therapy represents standard first-line treatment.
Sequential Learning and Economic Benefits from Dynamic Term Structure Models
Authors: Dubiel-Teleszynski Tomasz , Kalogeropoulos Konstantinos , Karouzakis Nikolaos 
Published: July 2023

We explore the statistical and economic importance of restrictions on the dynamics of risk compensation from the perspective of a real-time Bayesian learner who predicts bond excess returns using dynamic term structure models (DTSMs). The question on whether potential statistical predictability offered by such models can generate economically significant portfolio benefits out-of-sample is revisited while imposing restrictions on their risk premia parameters. To address this question, we propose a methodological framework that successfully handles sequential model search and parameter estimation over the restriction space in real time, allowing investors to revise their beliefs when new information arrives, thus informing their asset allocation and maximizing their expected utility. Empirical results reinforce the argument of sparsity in the market price of risk specification since we find strong evidence of out-of-sample predictability only for those models that allow for level risk to be priced and, additionally, only one or two of these risk premia parameters to be different than zero. Most importantly, such statistical evidence is turned into economically significant utility gains, across prediction horizons, different time periods and portfolio specifications. In addition to identifying successful DTSMs, the sequential version of the stochastic search variable selection scheme developed can be applied on its own and offer useful diagnostics monitoring key quantities over time. Connections with predictive regressions are also provided. This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance. Funding: T. Dubiel-Teleszynski acknowledges the support of the Economic and Social Research Council. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4801 .
Zwischen Mündlichkeit und Schriftlichkeit: lettische Rufnamen in der Revision von 1638
Authors: Siliņa-Piņķe Renāte 
Published: July 2023

In the course of several centuries, Latvian personal names were recorded only in foreign-language texts and their spelling was adapted to the languages of these sources – namely, it did not reflect Latvian pronunciation. Nevertheless, it is known that since the 13th century the increasingly widespread Christian personal names (just like lexical borrowings) were adapted to the Latvian language and pronunciation.
This article is looking at the Latvian personal names recorded in the substantial 1638 revision of manors in the so-called Swedish Livonia, and in the first German-Latvian dictionary published in the same year. On the basis of the limited material of personal names in the dictionary and on the usual patterns of loanword adaptation, we are trying to identify or reconstruct the Latvian personal names of the 17th century.
According to the rules, the auditors carrying out the revision had to swear in the peasants they were questioning to obtain information, thus the procedure certainly involved spoken communication. Meanwhile, the text of the revision is written in Early New High German, and the personal names are also „translated“. For instance, the name Šķērsts (< Middle Low German Kersten < Christian) in the revision appears as Skärst(h), Skerst(e) and Skierst (namely, transcriptions of the Latvianized version) as well as Kerste and Kersten (replaced by its German equivalent). In most cases, the names subjected to this treatment are the most widespread ones and those acquired via the German language. Meanwhile, some lesser-used names (probably borrowed from or via other languages) cannot be deciphered – e. g., Bhegke, Sunze or Tursche.
Assessing the prevalence of Female Genital Schistosomiasis and comparing the acceptability and performance of health worker-collected and self-collected cervical-vaginal swabs using PCR testing among women in North-Western Tanzania: The ShWAB study
Authors: Ursini Tamara , Scarso Salvatore , Mugassa Stella , Othman Jeffer Bhuko , Yussuph Amina Jumanne , Ndaboine Edgar , Mbwanji Gladys , Mazzi Cristina , Leonardi Martina , Prato Marco , Pomari Elena , Mazigo Humphrey Deogratias , Tamarozzi Francesca 
Published: July 2023

Background
Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) is a neglected disease of the genital tract due to the inflammatory response to the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs in the genital tract. The WHO has prioritized the improvement of diagnostics for FGS and previous studies have explored the PCR-based detection of Schistosoma DNA on genital specimens, with encouraging results. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FGS among women living in an endemic district in North-western Tanzania, using PCR on samples collected though cervical-vaginal swabs, and to compare the performance of self-collected and healthcare worker–collected (operator-collected) samples, and the acceptability of the different sampling methods.

Methods/Principal findings
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 211 women living in 2 villages in the Maswa district of North-western Tanzania. Urine, self-collected and operator-collected cervical-vaginal swabs were obtained from participants. A questionnaire was administered, focusing on the comfortability in undergoing different diagnostic procedures. Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis, as assessed by eggs in urine, was 8.5% (95%CI 5.1–13.1). DNA was pre-isolated from genital swabs and transported at room temperature to Italy for molecular analysis. Prevalence of active schistosomiasis, urinary schistosomiasis, and FGS were 10.0% (95% CI 6.3–14.8), 8.5% (95%CI 5.1–13.1), and 4.7% (95%CI 2.3–8.5), respectively. When real-time PCR was performed after a pre-amplification step, the prevalence of active schistosomiasis increased to 10.4% (95%CI 6.7–15.4), and FGS to 5.2% (95%CI 2.6–9.1). Of note, more cases were detected by self-collected than operator-collected swabs.
The vast majority of participants (95.3%) declared that they were comfortable/very comfortable about genital self-sampling, which was indicated as the preferred sampling method by 40.3% of participants.

Conclusions/Significance
The results of this study show that genital self-sampling followed by pre-amplified PCR on room temperature-stored DNA is a useful method from both technical and acceptability point of views. This encourages further studies to optimize samples processing, and identify the best operational flow to allow integration of FGS screening into women health programmes, such as HPV screening.
Multi-center validation of Catquest-9SF visual function questionnaire in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Kabanovski Anna , Shah Bindra , D’Silva Chelsea , Ma Julia , Minotti Simona C. , Qian Jenny , Hatch Wendy , Reid Robert , Chaudhary Varun , El-Defrawy Sherif , Ahmed Iqbal Ike , Schlenker Matthew B. 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
To investigate the psychometric performance and responsiveness of Catquest-9SF, a patient-reported questionnaire developed to evaluate visual function as related to daily tasks, in patients referred for cataract surgery in Ontario, Canada.

Methods
This is a pooled analysis on prospective data collected for previous projects. Subjects were recruited from three tertiary care centers in Peel region, Hamilton, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Catquest-9SF was administered pre-operative and post-operatively to patients with cataract. Psychometric properties, including category threshold order, infit/outfit, precision, unidimensionality, targeting, and differential item functioning were tested using Rasch analysis with Winsteps software (v.4.4.4) for Catquest-9SF. Responsiveness of questionnaire scores to cataract surgery was assessed.

Results
934 patients (mean age = 71.6, 492[52.7%] female) completed the pre- and post-operative Catquest-9SF questionnaire. Catquest-9SF had ordered response thresholds, adequate precision (person separation index = 2.01, person reliability = 0.80), and confirmed unidimensionality. The infit range was 0.75–1.29 and the outfit range was 0.74–1.51, with one item (‘satisfaction with vision’) misfitting (outfit value = 1.51). There was mistargeting of -1.07 in pre-operative scores and mistargeting of -2.43 in both pre- and post-operative scores, meaning that tasks were relatively easy for respondent ability. There was no adverse differential item functioning. There was a mean 1.47 logit improvement in Catquest-9SF scores after cataract surgery (p<0.001).

Conclusion
Catquest-9SF is a psychometrically robust questionnaire for assessment of visual function in patients with cataract in Ontario, Canada. It is also responsive to clinical improvement after cataract surgery.