bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Seeding Rate on Growth and Yield of Two Flaxseed Varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Ahmed Rayan F. , Mohammad Abdullah K. , Al kikani Khaleel I. K. , Haji Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was applied in the winter agricultural season 2021-2022 in the fields of the College of Agriculture and Forestry to study the effect of two varieties of flax (Sharda and Lenata) and four seeding rates (35, 45, 55 and 65 kg / ha) on growth and yield characteristics. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D.) was used with three replications. The results showed the superiority of Lenata variety in all traits compared to Sharda variety. The seeding rate was superior to 35 kg/ha in no. fruiting branches of the plant (4.7 fruiting branch/plant), no. plant leaves (124.2 leaf/plant), the chlorophyll content in the leaves (24.3 spad), the dry weight of the plant (8.9 spad), and no. plant capsules (13.7 capsules / plant), no. seeds per capsule (9.0 seeds / capsule), thousand seed weight (7.1 g), and the plant seed yield (0.8 g), while the seeding rate exceeded 65 kg / ha in plant height (38.6 cm) compared with the rest of the seeding rates. The effect of the two interaction was significant in all traits, as the interaction of the Lenata variety with the seeding rate of 35 kg / ha achieved the highest value in the plant seed yield, which was (0.8 g).
Performance New Entries of Broad Bean Under Supplementary Irrigation Conditions
Authors: Almamari Haitham Abdel Sattar , Altaweel Mohammed Subhi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this study, (25) new entries of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were used. Sourced from the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA). The entries seeds (25) were planted in an experiment according to a completely randomized block design with three replications at Al-Tuwaitha Research Station / Plant Breeding and Improvement Center / Agricultural Research Department during the growing season 2021/2022,With the aim of evaluating the entries and selecting the best ones in traits of yield and its components. The results showed that there were significant differences between the averages of the Entries and for all the studied traits, where entry (3) was characterized by the highest number of main stem nodes and the length of the pod. The number of seeds per pod is (26.00, 13.50 and 4.00) respectively, and entry (6) has the highest dry pod yield (132) and the highest seed yield (262). The entry (15) has the highest weight of 100 seeds (285.00) through the variation in the averages of the traits. Its use in breeding programs for selection for high seed yield of broad bean.
Response of Cotton Varieties to Transplanting Technique under Drip Irrigation System and Iraqi Conditions
Authors: Alghargan Nidhal Y. A. , Almubarak Nadir F. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The low average cotton yield per unit area in Iraq during the long growth season invites us to look for possible means to increase the yield by looking for new ideas in agriculture to improve production. Important results were obtained through two field experiments applied to the cotton crop during the period from January 1 to October 16, 2017, in the new Baquba nursery affiliated to the Directorate of Agriculture in Diyala Governorate within the cotton development project in Iraq. There have been a number of attempts by a number of Iraqi researchers - over the previous years - focused on how to raise the yield of cotton fibers by the unit area and also during the season, especially if there is a desire of farmers to use the same land to planting a winter crop, but we did not see practical achievements in this regard, which led us to use modern ideas to improve crop production and achieve planting winter crop after it. Planting the seeds inside the greenhouse for the purpose of producing seedlings and then transferred to the field on time rather than planting seeds directly in the field, Has had a positive effect on exceeding temperatures unsuitable for seed germination, growth and early access to the first harvest. It was positively reflected in increase hair cotton yield, with an average of 2.24, 2.69 and 2.81 tons. ha−1 for varieties Koker, Lashata and Ashore, compared to the traditional cultivation method, which recorded 0.63, 0.68 and 0.80 tons. h−1, with an increase of 255.6, 295.6 and 251.3% for the three varieties, respectively and the increase in the number of harvesters during the season to four harvesters (July, August, September and October) compared to the traditional method, which registered only three during the season (August, September and October) as well as the possibility of relying on three harvests when planting with the seedling technique (July, August and September) while achieving the cultivation of a winter crop after the cotton crop, such as wheat, to provide sufficient time for soil service operations such as plowing, softening, leveling, weed control and others. We conclude from the current study that use of the transplanting technique has preserved three harvests with a high yield that appeared clearly since the first harvest, as the date of the third harvest was on September 13, and therefore the aim of cultivating a winter crop after cotton has been achieved to provide sufficient time to conduct soil servicing operations for the crop.
Combining Ability Analysis of Half- Cross in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Mahmood Hussein Wael , Hamdani Zakariya Bader Al 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in one of the fields of Al-Yaramjah region, south of the Mosul city, which is 5 km from the city center for the season (2021-2022). In which five genotypes of wheat were used, which were obtained from the Summit organization (C.I.M.M.Y.T), in addition to an approved local cultivar(Abu Ghraib.) Cultivation was conducted on lines with a length of (2) m, and the distance between one line and another was (30) cm, using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The study included the following traits: number of days to flowering at (50%) and plant height (cm) The spike length, the flag leaf area, the number of grains / spike, the number of spikes / plant, the biological yield (gm / plant), the grain yield (gm / plant), the weight of 1000 grains, and the harvest index% and the percentage of protein and protein yield, where the analysis of variance table showed that the mean squares of the parents were significant at the level of probability 1%, and the general combining ability was significant at the level of probability 1% and for all studied traits. Except for the trait of the biological yield, where it was significant at the level of probability 5%, and for the Specific combining ability, the mean squares were significant at the level of probability 1%, except for the traits of flag leaf area. The number of spikes per plant and the percentage of protein were significant at the level of probability 5%, while the trait of the number of days to flowering did not reach the limit of statistical significance. The ratio between the components of the general and specific combining ability was less than one for all traits except for the two traits, the number of days to flowering at 50% and the length of the spike and the number of spikes m 2 and the biological yield and protein yield, and we note that the effect of the Specific combining ability was significant and in the desired direction in the hybrid (2x1) for the plant height and the spikes length, the flag leaf area, the number of grains / spikes, the grain yield, the harvest index, the weight of 1000 grains, the percentage of protein, and the protein yield.
Effect of N20 P20 K20 Nano-Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Yield of Two Potato Cultivars
Authors: Al-Sultan Ragheed H. M. , Ibraheem Fathel F. R. , Allela Waleed B. A. M. , Al-Bayati Hussien J. M. , Salim Nagham Salah 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The study was conducted in the vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, during the 2021 agricultural season, in order to study the effect of spraying Nano-fertilizer N 02P 02K02 at concentrations of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g·L−1 compared to control treatment, in some components and quality of two potatoes varieties (Florice and Montreal). The experiment was conducted in a split - plot system within RCBD Design with three replications, cultivars factor arranged in the main plots and the concentrations of Nano-fertilizer in the sub plots. After recording the data and analyzing it statistically, the results were as follows: Florice variety was significantly superior in the total number of tubers, while Montreal variety was significantly superior in the percentage of dry matter, starch content of tubers and the specific weight of tubers. The use of the Nano-fertilizer at concentration of 2 g·L−1 led to a significant increase of the number of total, and marketable tubers by 4.65 tubers by plant and 11.10 tubers by plant, respectively compared to unfertilized control. The concentration of 3 g·L−1 led to a significant increase of the mean tuber weight, plant yield, marketable tubers yield, and tuber firmness to 108.54 g, 1189.38 g and 63.434 t·ha84. 10dna kg·cm−2 respectively, compared to unfertilized control. The interaction treatment between Florice cultivar and Nano-fertilizer administered in concentration of 2 g·L−1 led to a significant increase in the number of total and marketable potato tubers. The treatment of Montreal cultivar with a concentration of 3 g·L−1 Nano-fertilizer led to a significant increase of the mean tuber weight, plant yield, total yield of tubers and TSS in tubers, percentage of dry matter and starch in the tubers and the specific weight of the tubersd
Effect of Melatonin Spraying on some Growth Characters of Several Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Dawood Abdulsamad M. , Noaman Abdulsamad H. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
To investigate the role of melatonin on the development of certain cotton cultivars, an experiment was set up in a farmer’s fields during the summer of 2022 in the Al Karma district of the Anbar Governorate. The experiment had three replications and was set up in split plots per the RCBD protocol. The four types of cotton (Back Coat, Lachata, Coker 310, and Montana) and the four melatonin concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg L-1) were randomly distributed over the main plots. The results showed that the plants of the Coker 310 cultivar were characterized by the lowest number of nodes for the first fruiting branch on the stem and the lowest number of days to flowering, in addition to the superiority of the leaves content of chlorophyll and the highest average number of vegetative and fruiting branches, which reached 5.54 and 63.18 days and 27.26 mg 100 gm−1 fresh weight, and 3.42 and 13.51 branch plant−1 respectively. On the other hand, Back Coat plants outperformed with the highest average plant height of 170.75 cm. The cotton plants that were sprayed with a concentration of 150 mg L−1 were characterized by the lowest number of days to flowering stage (63.00 days), highest chlorophyll content in their leaves, plant height, and the number of vegetative and fruiting branches amounted to 28.50 mg, 100 gm−1 fresh weight, 185.91 cm, 3.95, and 14.70 branches. Plant−1 respectively.
A taxonomic Environmental Study of some Dicotyledon Plant Species Growing Wildly in Western Iraq
Authors: Abdulmajeed Atheer Hashim , Hamad Alaa Hussein , Shlash Hisham Majeed , Hameed Ashwaq Talib , Abdulrazzaq Zeyad M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Taxonomy gives great importance to the geographical distribution of plants on the surface of the planet earth, and for this reason, Cain introduced the term Areography to the science that is particularly interested in the areas of the spread of plants in the world. Therefore, this work dealt with an environmental study of several sites in western Iraq in terms of the type of soil and the biological communities of these sites. Samples of plants belonging to different families (dicotyledons), where most of the soils were salty and sandy except the areas adjacent to the Euphrates River were pure clay soil. Haloxylon salicornicum and Zygophyllum coccenium dominated most of the sandy soil environments.
The Effect of Cupressus arizonica Fruit Ethyl Alcoholic Extract Toward some Bacterial Species that Isolated from Different Infections of Human Body’s Sites
Authors: Nayyef Sura H. , Abdul Wahab Marwa H. , Ahmed Noor M. , Hasan Mokhalad Oraibi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Cupressus arizonica composed from several compounds such as quinones, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes,, tannins and phenolic compounds. polyphenolic compounds considerable as antioxidant potentials which related to the human health. The ethyl 95% extract of Cupressus arizonica in different concentrations were measured inhibited against five bacterial isolates (E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp., Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus) from different sites of human body. and measured this inhibitory effect with different antibiotic discs such as (Ciprofloxacin 10 µg, Norfloxacin (10 µg), Vancomycin (30µg), Lincomycin (15µg), Imipenem (10 µg) and (25 µg), Lincomycin (15µg) and Trimethoprim /Sulfamethaxazole (25 µg). Cupressus arizonica fruit ethyl extract in 100% concentration toward different species of bacteria like E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp, Salmonella sp and Staphylococcus aureus. At different inhibition zones 11, 25,10,15, 21 µg/ ml respectively for each one of them compared with some antibiotics were used in this study.Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Cupressus arizonica ethanol extract for bacteria E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp., Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. The MIC of Cupressus arizonica affected on E.coli Klebsiella pneumonia, Aeromonas sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were 12.5 µg/ ml. The MIC of Cupressus arizonica ethanol extract for Salmonella sp. was at 50 µg/ ml. the inhibition means of Cupressus arizonica fruit alcoholic extract toward bacterial isolates recorded lowest mean 8.6 at concentration 75% against E. coli bacteria, but the highest mean was at 21 at concentration 100% towards Staphylococcus aureus, while other concentration means distributed among bacterial isolates in different effects.
Impact of Nano NPK Fertilizer and Humic Acid Application on Vegetative Growth of Three Strawberry Cultivars
Authors: Al-Qady Raghad Adnan Ali , Alimam Nabil Mohammad Ameen 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiments was carried out in an unheated Plastic house unit of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design / College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul for the years 2021-2022 with the aim of enhancement of vegetative growth of three cultivars of Strawberry, Festival, Ruby Gem and Liberation D, Orleans. Factorial experiment according to the split-plot system so that the cultivars were placed in the main-plot, while the nano-fertilization treatments NPK with three concentration 0, 1.5 and 3 g.l−1 and humic acid with three levels 0, 3 and 6 ml.l−1 put in the sup-plot using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, and means were compared by Duncan’s test at 5% level. Results of the experiment could be summarized as follow: The cultivars under this study were differed in some of the studied traits, especially the significant superiority of the strawberry cultivar Liberation D, Orleans over the two strawberry cultivars Festival and Ruby Gem in the number of leaves, the area of one leaf, the leaf area of a plant, and the dry weight of vegetative system. Cultivars Festival and Liberation D, Orleans were superiority on Ruby Gem in leaf chlorophyll content and root dry weight. Foliar fertilization with nano NPK fertilizer, especially at a concentration of 3 gm..l−1, led to a significant increase in the number of leaves and dry weight of vegetative system, while the concentration of 1.5 gm.l−1 was significantly increased in the area of one leaf and the leafy area of strawberry plant compared to the control treatment. Fertilization with humic acid at the level of 6 ml.l−1 was significantly increased in the number of leaves, the concentration of chlorophyll in the leaves, the dry weight of vegetative and roots system, the area of one leaf and the leaf area of plant compared to the control treatment.
Effect of Spraying with Salicylic Acid and Okra Plant Extract on the Growth and Yield of Baashiqi Olive Trees
Authors: Al-Mosawy Raed jameel Agah , Hasan Ahmed Mohammad 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at Ghabat Al-Nouriyeh station, which is a unit belonging to the Plant Production Department, Diwaniyah Directorate of Agriculture, for the agricultural season,2022, on olive trees Olea erupea L. Baashiqi cultivar, 15 years age.To know the effect of spraying salicylic acid in three concentrations (0, 75, 150 mg L−1) and okra extract in three concentrations (0, 5, 10 ml L−1) and the effect of the interaction between the two agents on the vegetative and fruiting traits of olive trees Baashiqi cultivar. The study was implemented as a factorial experiment with two factors according to the randomized complete block design (RCBD) and with three replicates of 27 trees, each tree being an experimental unit. The results of the study showed that the spraying treatments with salicylic acid achieved a significant effect on the following vegetative and fruiting growth traits (the rate of increase in the length of the main branch, the relative content of chlorophyll in the leaves, the weight and size of the fruit, and the percentage of oil), Spraying treatments with concentrations of okra extract achieved a significant effect on a number of vegetative and fruiting traits(the rate of increase in the length of the main branch, total carbohydrates in the branches, size and weight of the fruit, and the percentage of oil). While none of the two factors achieved a significant effect on the traits of leaf area.
Effect of Spraying with Some Plant Extracts and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and their Interactions in Vegetative Growth, Mineral Content and Volatile Oils of Basil Plant Ocimum basilicum L.
Authors: hasbullah Rajaa M. , Ahmed Taha S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The current study was done in the green house of the Department of biology Sciences, College of Education for Girls / University of Tikrit during the agricultural season 2021, the study was design according to the sectors for complete randomization RCBD with three replicates each of which includes 12 treatment, and (4) planting pots per treatment, so the number of experimental units became (36) units containing (144) pots. The first group included fenugreek extract and rosemary at a concentration of 25% each, a mixture of fenugreek extract and rosemary, in addition to the non-spray treatment. Second group three concentrations (0, 40, 80) of copper oxide nanoparticles with and the overlap between them. The results of Spraying with fenugreek, rosemary and copper oxide nano-extracts revealed a high significant increase in vegetative growth compared to the compared with control group. The C3E2 treatment was reveal, highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, leaf area and chlorophyll content (36.08 cm.plant−1, 31.537 leaf.plant−1, 19.117 branch, plant−1, 18.98 cm2.leaf1, 16.933 mg.g−1 fresh weight) respectively, and the spray treatment C3E2 revealed a high significant increase in mineral content and physical properties of volatile oil outperformed the compared with control group.
Effect of Treatment with Growth Regulators Gibberellic Acid and CPPU on some Vegetative Traits and Yield of Three Potato Cultivars Solanum tuberesom L.
Authors: Naser Abrar Akeel , Abd-Alrahman Harith Burhan Al-Din 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in the fields of the College of Agriculture / University of Tikrit for the spring season 2019 within an area with longitude (43.35 degrees east of Greenwich) and latitude (34.27 degrees north of the equator), to study the effect of treating potato tubers by soaking with gibberellin before planting and spraying with growth regulator CPPU with three levels for each of which (0, 5, 10) mg L−1 in some vegetative growth characteristics and yield characteristics, quantity and quality of three potato cultivars of class A (Barcelona, Laperla, Montreal). The experiment was implemented using split-split plot design within a design Random complete plots (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, the cultivars were placed in the main plot, dipping with gibberellin in the sub-plot, and spraying with CPPU in the sub-sub plot. The results shows that dipping with gibberellin makes significant differences in the leaves number and percentage of seeding that gave (158.98 plant leaf−1 and 7.21%) respectively. As for spraying with CPPU, it was superior in terms of the leaves number, the number of unmarketable tubers, the percentage of seedig and the percentage of protein, and the values were given (157.39 Plant leaf−1, 2.88 Tuber plant−1, 7.24%, and 6.59%) respectively. As for cultivars, the cultivar Laperla excelled in the following characteristics (the leaves number, the ratio of root weight to the weight of vegetative growth, and the percentage of seeding at harvest). The values were (203.05 plant leaf−1, 31.70%, and 5.59%), respectively. As for the double and triple interactions between the treatments, the increase was significant for all the traits taken for the study.
The Effect of Adding Licorice Extract and Sodium Bicarbonate to Drinking Water on the Productive Performance of Broilers Raised under Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Al-Khateeb Faiyz Sami , Al-Sufi Khaled Hadi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The practical aspect of the research was carried out in the field of the Department of Animal Production - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. 200 Arbo Rekar chicks were used in standard breeding from one day old to 56 days old. At the age of 22 days, the chicks were randomly distributed among the study treatments, taking into account the homogeneity of chick weights for the replicates, while exposing all treatments to a gradual periodic temperature of (25-36-25) ±2°C. The design of the experiment included five treatments: the first was a control (without adding a control), the second and the third were licorice extract at a concentration of 800 and 1200 mg/liter of water, respectively, and for the fourth and fifth, sodium bicarbonate was added at a concentration of 0.4% and 0.6% to Drinking water straight. Feed and water were provided freely with Ad Libitum throughout the study period and for all treatments. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant improvement (p≤0.05) in favor of the fifth treatment in the averages of final live body weight, total weight gain, total relative growth rate and total feed consumption compared to the rest of the treatments. The second and fourth treatments also showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean total weight gain. Also, the fourth treatment was significantly (p≤0.05) superior in the average overall relative growth rate over the rest of the treatments. While the percentage of fatalities decreased significantly in the second, third and fourth treatments compared to the control treatment. While the results did not show any significant differences in the averages of the total feed conversion factor, the productivity index, the percentages of dressing, the mean relative weight of the main and secondary carcass pieces, visceral edible and visceral fat.