bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food safety interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries in Asia: A systematic review
Authors: Kwoba Emmah , Oduori David Obiero , Lambertini Elisabetta , Thomas Lian Francesca , Grace Delia , Mutua Florence 
Published: January 2023

AbstractEffective and sustainable interventions are necessary for long‐term improvement of food safety. This review provides a summary of food safety interventions evaluated in selected low‐ and middle‐income countries in Asia between 2000 and 2020. A systematic screening of published articles from PubMed and CabDirect databases was carried out with the aid of Rayyan QCRI software. A total of 25 studies were considered in the review. A ‘before and after’ study design was the most frequently used design (64%), while five studies (20%) used a randomized control trial (RCT) design. Interventions applied focused on training to improve knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards safe food (60%) or on specific technologies (40%). Nine of the 25 studies were specific on the value chain considered: cattle (1), poultry (1), pigs (4) and fish value chains (3). Except for one study, all interventions reported some level of success; 17 were rated as having a high level of success, defined differently across studies. However, there is a clear evidence gap for the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of food safety interventions in market settings, both consumer‐ and vendor‐facing. A rigorous and standardized assessment of intervention effectiveness and sustainability is recommended, to not only identify areas of improvement, but also to ensure scaling of interventions with demonstrated evidence of success and sustainability.
Comparing the Buckling Strength of Spherical Shells With Dimpled Versus Bumpy Defects
Authors: Abbasi Arefeh , Derveni Fani , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe investigate the effect of defect geometry in dictating the sensitivity of the critical buckling conditions of spherical shells under external pressure loading. Specifically, we perform a comparative study between shells containing dimpled (inward) versus bumpy (outward) Gaussian defects. The former has become the standard shape in many recent shell-buckling studies, whereas the latter has remained mostly unexplored. We employ finite-element simulations, which were validated previously against experiments, to compute the knockdown factors for the two cases while systematically exploring the parameter space of the defect geometry. For the same magnitudes of the amplitude and angular width of the defect, we find that shells containing bumpy defects consistently exhibit significantly higher knockdown factors than shells with the more classic dimpled defects. Furthermore, the relationship of the knockdown as a function of the amplitude and the width of the defect is qualitatively different between the two cases, which also exhibit distinct post-buckling behavior. A speculative interpretation of the results is provided based on the qualitative differences in the mean-curvature profiles of the two cases.
Association between coeliac disease and cardiovascular disease: prospective analysis of UK Biobank data
Authors: Conroy Megan , Allen Naomi , Lacey Ben , Soilleux Elizabeth , Littlejohns Thomas 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo investigate whether people with coeliac disease are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke.DesignProspective analysis of a large cohort study.SettingUK Biobank database.Participants469 095 adults, of which 2083 had coeliac disease, aged 40-69 years from England, Scotland, and Wales between 2006 and 2010 without cardiovascular disease at baseline.Main outcome measureA composite primary outcome was relative risk of cardiovascular disease, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, and stroke in people with coeliac disease compared with people who do not have coeliac disease, assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.Results40 687 incident cardiovascular disease events occurred over a median follow-up of 12.4 years (interquartile range 11.5-13.1), with 218 events among people with coeliac disease. Participants with coeliac disease were more likely to have a lower body mass index and systolic blood pressure, less likely to smoke, and more likely to have an ideal cardiovascular risk score than people who do not have coeliac disease. Despite this, participants with coeliac disease had an incidence rate of 9.0 cardiovascular disease cases per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval 7.9 to 10.3) compared with 7.4 per 1000 person years (7.3 to 7.4) in people with no coeliac disease. Coeliac disease was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.45)), which was not influenced by adjusting for lifestyle factors (1.27 (1.11 to 1.45)), but was strengthened by further adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors (1.44 (1.26 to 1.65)). Similar associations were identified for ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction but fewer stroke events were reported and no evidence of an association between coeliac disease and risk of stroke.ConclusionsIndividuals with coeliac disease had a lower prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors but had a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease than did people with no coeliac disease. Cardiovascular risk scores used in clinical practice might therefore not adequately capture the excess risk of cardiovascular disease in people with coeliac disease, and clinicians should be aware of the need to optimise cardiovascular health in this population.
Patient-reported burden of myasthenia gravis: baseline results of the international prospective, observational, longitudinal real-world digital study MyRealWorld-MG
Authors: Dewilde Sarah , Philips Glenn , Paci Sandra , Beauchamp Jon , Chiroli Silvia , Quinn Casey , Day Laura , Larkin Mark , Palace Jacqueline , Berrih-Aknin Sonia , Claeys Kristl G , Muppidi Srikanth , Mantegazza Renato , Saccà Francesco , Meisel Andreas , Bassez Guillaume , Murai Hiroyuki , Janssen MF 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesMyasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare, chronic, autoimmune neuromuscular disease which can affect functional and mental aspects of health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This study aims to obtain detailed knowledge of the impact of MG on HRQoL in a broad population from the perspective of the patient.DesignProspective, observational, digital, longitudinal real-world study.SettingAdult patients with MG from seven countries (USA, Japan, Germany, UK, Italy, Spain and Canada) downloaded a mobile application onto their phones and entered data about themselves and their MG.Outcome measuresData was collected using the following general and disease-specific patient-reported outcome measurements: EuroQol 5 Domains Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL), Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life 15-item revised scale (MG-QoL-15r), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Health Utilities Index III (HUI3). Patients were categorised by their self-assessed Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) class (I–V).ResultsBaseline results of 841 participants (mean age 47 years, 70% women) are reported . The distribution across the MGFA classes was: 13.9%, 31.0%, 38.1%, 15.5% and 1.6% for classes I–V. The MGFA class was a strong predictor of all aspects of HRQoL, measured with disease-specific and with generic instruments. The domains in which patients with MG most frequently mentioned problems were usual activities, anxiety and depression, tiredness, breathing and vision. The mean total MG-ADL Score was positively associated with increasing MGFA classes: 2.7, 4.4, 6.3 and 8.4 for MGFA classes I–IV. Mean baseline EQ-5D-5L utility was also associated with MGFA classes and was 0.817, 0.766, 0.648 and 0.530 for MGFA class I–IV.ConclusionsMG has a large impact on key aspects of health and HRQoL. The impact of this disease increases substantially with increasing disease severity.
Walking the line between assessment, improvement and learning: a qualitative study on opportunities and risks of incorporating peer discussion of audit and feedback within quality improvement in general practice
Authors: van der Winden Dorien , van Dijk Nynke , Visser Mechteld R M , Bont Jettie 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesThere is a broad call for change towards ‘new era’ quality systems in healthcare, in which the focus lies on learning and improving. A promising way to establish this in general practice care is to combine audit and feedback with peer group discussion. However, it is not known what different stakeholders think of this type of quality improvement. The aim of this research was to explore the opinions of different stakeholders in general practice on peer discussion of audit and feedback and on its opportunities and risks. Second, their thoughts on transparency versus accountability, regarding this system, were studied.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study within a constructivist paradigm. Semistructured interviews and focus group discussions were held and coded using thematic analysis. Included stakeholders were general practitioners (GP), patients, professional organisations and insurance companies.SettingGeneral practice in the Netherlands.Participants22 participants were purposively sampled for eight interviews and two focus group discussions.ResultsThree main opportunities of peer discussion of audit and feedback were identified: deeper levels of reflection on data, adding context to numbers and more ownership; and three main risks: handling of unwilling colleagues, lacking a safe group and the necessity of patient involvement. An additional theme concerned disagreement on the amount of transparency to be offered: insurance companies and patients advocated for complete transparency on data and improvement of outcomes, while GPs and professional organisations urged to restrict transparency to giving insight into the process.ConclusionsPeer discussion of audit and feedback could be part of a change movement, towards a quality system based on learning and trust, that is initiated by the profession. Creating a safe learning environment and involving patients is key herein. Caution is needed when complete transparency is asked, since it could jeopardise practitioners’ reflection and learning in safety.
Antitumor effect of CAR-T cells targeting transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha combined with PD-1 mAb on breast cancers
Authors: Ba Hongping , Dai Zigang , Zhang Zunyue , Zhang Peng , Yin Bingjiao , Wang Jing , Li Zhuoya , Zhou Xiaoxi 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundOur previous study showed that transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha (tmTNF-α) is overexpressed in primary breast cancers including triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Chimeric antigen receptor engineered-T (CAR-T) cells have been successfully used mainly in B-cell malignancies.MethodsWe generated CAR-T cells targeting tmTNF-α but not secreted tumor necrosis factor alpha and assessed the antitumor effect of the CAR-T cells on tmTNF-α-expressing breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.ResultsOur tmTNF-α CAR-T cells showed potent cytotoxicity against tmTNF-α-expressing breast cancer cells but not tmTNF-α-negative tumor cells with increased secretion of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 in vitro. In tmTNF-α-overexpressing TNBC-bearing mice, the tmTNF-α CAR-T therapy induced evident tumor regression, prolonged survival and increased serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2. However, we found thattmTNF-α induced programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression through the p38 pathway via TNF receptor (TNFR) and through the NF-κB and AKT pathways via outside-to-inside (reverse) signaling, which might limit the efficacy of the CAR-T cell therapy. Blockage of the PD-L1/programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway by PD-1 monoclonal antibody significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of the tmTNF-α CAR-T cell therapy in vitro and in vivo, and the combination was effective for antiprimary tumors and had a tendency to increase the antimetastasis effect of the CAR-T cell therapy.ConclusionOur findings suggest a potent antitumor efficacy of the tmTNF-α CAR-T cells that can be enhanced by anti-PD-L1/PD-1 because high PD-L1 expression in TNBC was induced by the tmTNF-α signaling, indicating a promising individual therapy for tmTNF-α-positive breast cancers including TNBC.
Context-aware recommender system for multi-user smart home
Authors: Sobhy Shymaa , Mohamed Eman M. , Keshk Arabi , Hussein Mahmoud 
Published: January 2023

<span lang="EN-US">Smart home is one of the most important applications of the internet of things (IoT). Smart home makes life simpler, easier to control, saves energy based on user’s behavior and interaction with the home appliances. Many existing approaches have designed a smart home system using data mining algorithms. However, these approaches do not consider multiusers that exist in the same location and time (which needs a complex control). They also use centralized mining algorithm, then the system’s efficiency is reduced when datasets increase. Therefore, in this paper, we firstly build a context-aware recommender system that considers multi-user’s preferences and solves their conflicts by using unsupervised algorithms to deliver useful recommendation services. Secondly, we improve smart home’s responsive using parallel computing. The results reveal that the proposed method is better than existing approaches.</span>
Patient‐Centered Insights and Biases Regarding Cardiologists Via Online Review Platform Analysis
Authors: Mark Erica , Oswald Mackenzi , Kundar Priyanka , Gulati Martha 
Published: January 2023

Background
Online cardiologist reviews, such as those on the Yelp website, are a frequently used method for patients to find a cardiologist. It remains unknown how bias may influence such reviews. Our objectives for this study were to (1) determine which cardiologist‐ or practice‐related factors influence the overall rating of cardiologists and patient satisfaction and (2) discover any associations between sex and race with the overall rating of cardiologists or with cardiologist‐ or practice‐related factors.

Methods and Results
Cardiologist Yelp reviews from practices in the United States from 2007 to 2020 were analyzed. A total of 563 reviews were coded for positive and negative themes. Binary logistic regression was used to determine whether certain factors increased the likelihood of high ratings. Chi‐squared tests were used to determine associations between sex and race with certain factors and overall cardiologist ratings. Cardiologists were more likely to receive higher ratings when reviewers noted the characteristics of competency/knowledge base and thoroughness, positive interactions with staff, and when the cardiologist's name was mentioned in the review. Negative interactions with staff were associated with lower ratings. Female cardiologists received lower ratings and more negative mentions of cardiologist–patient communication than expected. White and Black cardiologists received lower ratings than expected compared with other racial groups.

Conclusions
Patient‐perceived cardiologist competency, thoroughness, and positive staff interactions were associated with positive reviews in online assessments. Sex and racial differences were also found. Further research must be done to confirm these findings and to understand the association of online reviews with clinical care and patient outcomes.
Genetic Variants Associated With Systolic Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Pike Mindy M. , Schildcrout Jonathan , Baldwin Scott , Edwards Todd , Lipworth Loren , Robinson‐Cohen Cassianne 
Published: January 2023

Background
Genetics, along with lifestyle and behavioral characteristics, play an important role in hypertension in adults. Our aim was to identify genetic variants associated with blood pressure in childhood and adolescence.

Methods and Results

We conducted a candidate single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis and genome‐wide association study among 9778 participants aged <18 years in BioVU, the Vanderbilt University Medical Center biobank. The outcome was childhood blood pressure percentile from age 0 to 18 years. For the candidate SNP analysis, a total of 457 previously identified SNPs were examined. Linear regression was used to test the association between genetic variants and median systolic blood pressure (SBP) percentile. Adjusted models included median age, self‐reported sex, race, the first 4 principal components of ancestry, and median body mass index
Z
score. Analyses were conducted in the overall cohort and stratified by age group. A polygenic risk score was calculated for each participant, and the association between polygenic risk score and median SBP percentile in childhood was examined using linear regression. In the overall candidate SNP analysis, 2 SNPs reached significance:
rs1018148
(
FBN1
;
P
=1.0×10
–4
) and
rs11105354
(
ATP2B1
;
P
=1.4×10
–4
). In the postpuberty age group, 1 SNP reached significance:
rs1018148
(
FBN1
;
P
=2.2×10
–5
). In the genome‐wide association study of all participants, no SNPs reached genome‐wide significance. Higher polygenic risk score was associated with higher SBP percentile (β, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.10–0.60)], and there was a significant interaction with age (
P
for interaction<0.01).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that genetic variants play an important role in SBP in childhood and adolescence and provide evidence for age‐specific genetic associations with SBP.
Global, Regional, and National Burdens of Ischemic Heart Disease Attributable to Smoking From 1990 to 2019
Authors: Zhang Liang , Tong Zhuang , Han Ruizheng , Guo Ruiming , Zang Suhua , Zhang Xin , Yuan Ruixia , Yang Yang 
Published: January 2023

Background
This study was conducted to estimate the distribution of and changes in the global disease burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking between 1990 and 2019.

Methods and Results
Data used in this study come from the GBD 2019 (Global Burden of Disease Study 2019). Age‐standardized rates and estimated annual percentage change of age‐standardized rates were used to describe this burden and its changing trend. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the sociodemographic index and changing trend. From 1990 to 2019, the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking has shown a downward trend globally; estimated annual percentage changes of age‐standardized mortality rates and age‐standardized disability‐adjusted life‐years rates were −2.012 (95% CI, −2.068 to −1.956) and −1.907 (95% CI, −1.975 to −1.838). Nineteen countries experienced an increase in disease burden, and the changes in 17 countries were not statistically significant. In addition, this burden was higher in men and older age groups. Estimated annual percentage change of the age‐standardized rates of this burden were negatively correlated with the sociodemographic index.

Conclusions
Although the burden of ischemic heart disease attributable to smoking has decreased in >80% of countries or regions in the past 30 years, it has remained a significant issue in low‐ and middle‐income countries, particularly among men and elderly populations. Therefore, active tobacco control measures, focusing on key populations, are required to reduce the associated burden of ischemic heart disease, especially in those countries or regions with increasing prevalence and disease burden.
Social Cohesion and Community Displacement in Armed Conflict
Authors: Arnon Daniel , McAlexander Richard J. , Rubin Michael A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
What are the origins of conflict-related population displacement? Why do some communities in conflict zones suffer mass casualties while others evade conflict violence? Whether civilians migrate before or after belligerent operations in their vicinity influences the scale of casualties and population displacement in war. “Preemptive evacuation” is a specific manifestation of forced displacement, in which whole communities leave their homes before belligerents attempt to seize control in their local area. In conflicts involving strategic civilian-targeted violence, social cohesion, by promoting collective action, enhances communities’ capabilities to mobilize collective migration, thereby increasing the likelihood of preemptive evacuation. An investigation of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War probes the plausibility of the theory. Detailed information about Arab Palestinian villages in the previously restricted Village Files is used to construct a village-level dataset, which measures social cohesion and other social, political, and economic characteristics. These documents and data provide crucial sources of evidence to researchers investigating Palestinian society and development, the origins of Israel's statehood, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Findings suggest that areas where communities lack social cohesion may suffer higher casualties from targeted violence, signaling a need for urgent diplomatic and humanitarian prevention or mitigation efforts.
Multilingualism, Bi/Multilingual Education and Social Inclusion: A Case Study in Southern Thailand
Authors: Premsrirat Suwilai , Burarungrot Mirinda 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In a multicultural-multilingual society, inclusion requires equitable access to quality education as stated – UN Sustainable Development Goals, target 4 (sdg4). In the deep south of Thailand, the majority Muslim population speak Patani Malay in daily life, making language identity an issue as it is not recognized for official use. Students are required to study in Thai and as a result have the lowest academic achievement in the country. Furthermore, parents and the community have no confidence in government schools and some even fear that education is being used to destroy their ethnic identity. This paper presents a participatory action research, a Patani Malay-Thai mother tongue-based bi/multilingual education programme, implemented in Thailand’s Deep South as a case study of academic efforts to create social inclusion. Policies and practices will be discussed and related to the reinforcement of ethnic identity, enhancing educational achievement and tightening social cohesion.
Economic Rights, The Very Idea
Authors: Bilgrami Akeel 
Published: January 2023

This article seeks to provide the philosophical foundations for the very idea of economic rights, comparable to the foundations that have long been available for the rights around the notion of liberty. The author then situates economic rights, so understood, within the realities of contemporary capitalist political economy, as it has been analysed over the years by Prabhat Patnaik. JEL Codes: B0, K1, N1, P1, P2
Generalized Semiproletarianization in Africa
Authors: Yeros Paris 
Published: January 2023

This article provides an overview of Africa’s contemporary social formation. It is argued that the labour question in Africa has undergone a decisive transformation under neoliberalism. While under colonial rule the formation of labour reserves was mainly the result of political engineering, especially in regions of white settlement, today labour reserves are driven by the spontaneous operation of generalized monopoly capitalism and have become coextensive with the continent. This changing labour question is the most basic element of an apparent tendency of structural convergence among the continent’s macro-regions; it amounts to a generalized condition of semiproletarianization, insofar as the bulk of the population is unable to meet its basic needs within the wage relation or outside it. Peasant and worker households straddle various labour regimes in rural and urban areas and seek to secure their social reproduction by a combination of wages, petty production and trade, simple use values, and unpaid reproductive labour. Data sourced from the ILO are used to qualify some of these trends, including their gendered dimensions. JEL Codes: C1, F5, J2, N5, R1