bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between the COVID-19 Pandemic and Early Childhood Development
Authors: Sato Koryu , Fukai Taiyo , Fujisawa Keiko K. , Nakamuro Makiko 
Published: July 2023

ImportanceAlthough a growing number of studies have reported negative associations of the COVID-19 pandemic with academic performance among school-aged children, less is known about the pandemic’s association with early childhood development.ObjectiveTo examine the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and early childhood development.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study conducted in all accredited nursery centers in a Japanese municipality, baseline surveys of children aged 1 and 3 years (1000 and 922, respectively) were conducted between 2017 and 2019, and participants were followed up for 2 years.ExposureChildren’s development was compared at age 3 or 5 years between cohorts that were exposed to the pandemic during the follow-up and a cohort that was not.Main Outcome and MeasureChildren’s developmental age was measured by nursery teachers using the Kinder Infant Development Scale (KIDS). Data were analyzed between December 8, 2022, and May 6, 2023.ResultsA total of 447 children (201 girls [45.0%] and 246 boys [55.0%]) aged 1 year at baseline were followed up to age 3 years, and 440 children (200 girls [45.5%] and 240 boys [54.5%]) aged 3 years at baseline were followed up to age 5 years. During the follow-up, the cohorts that were exposed to the pandemic were 4.39 months behind in development at age 5 compared with the cohort that was not (coefficient, −4.39; 95% credible interval, −7.66 to −1.27). Such a negative association was not observed in development at age 3 years (coefficient, 1.32; 95% credible interval, −0.44 to 3.01). Variations in development were greater during the pandemic than before the pandemic regardless of age. Additionally, the quality of care at nursery centers was positively associated with development at age 3 years during the pandemic (coefficient, 2.01; 95% credible interval, 0.58-3.44), while parental depression appeared to amplify the association between the pandemic and delayed development at age 5 (coefficient of interaction, −2.62; 95% credible interval, −4.80 to −0.49; P = .009).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this study showed an association between exposure to the pandemic and delayed childhood development at age 5 years. Variations in development widened during the pandemic regardless of age. It is important to identify children with developmental delays associated with the pandemic and provide them with support for learning, socialization, physical and mental health, and family support.
24 h Rest/Activity Rhythms in Older Adults with Memory Impairment: Associations with Cognitive Performance and Depressive Symptomatology
Authors: Antonsdottir Inga M. , Low Dominique V. , Chen Diefei , Rabinowitz Jill A. , Yue Yiwei , Urbanek Jacek , Wu Mark N. , Zeitzer Jamie M. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Friedman Leah F. , Sheikh Javaid I. , Yesavage Jerome A. , Zipunnikov Vadim , Spira Adam P. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractLittle is known about links of circadian rhythm alterations with neuropsychiatric symptoms and cognition in memory impaired older adults. Associations of actigraphic rest/activity rhythms (RAR) with depressive symptoms and cognition are examined using function‐on‐scalar regression (FOSR). Forty‐four older adults with memory impairment (mean: 76.84 ± 8.15 years; 40.9% female) completed 6.37 ± 0.93 days of actigraphy, the Beck depression inventory‐II (BDI‐II), mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) and consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD) delayed word recall. FOSR models with BDI‐II, MMSE, or CERAD as individual predictors adjusted for demographics (Models A1‐A3) and all three predictors and demographics (Model B). In Model B, higher BDI‐II scores are associated with greater activity from 12:00–11:50 a.m., 2:10–5:50 p.m., 8:40–9:40 p.m., 11:20–12:00 a.m., higher CERAD scores with greater activity from 9:20–10:00 p.m., and higher MMSE scores with greater activity from 5:50–10:50 a.m. and 12:40–5:00 p.m. Greater depressive symptomatology is associated with greater activity in midafternoon, evening, and overnight into midday; better delayed recall with greater late evening activity; and higher global cognitive performance with greater morning and afternoon activity (Model B). Time‐of‐day specific RAR alterations may affect mood and cognitive performance in this population.
Enhanced Optical Activity with Zero Circular Dichroism in a Dielectric Chiral Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Wang Haoyu , Zhao Kun , Zang Haofeng , Liu Liangliang , Liu Wen , Wang Pei , Lu Yonghua 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEnhanced chiral optical responses of metamaterials have widespread applications in chiral biosensor and polarization optics. Metamaterials with intrinsic chirality are commonly composed of complicated 3D structures, which leads to significant fabrication challenges. Recent works involving planar chiral metasurfaces have demonstrated chiral optical response by symmetry breaking, but the intrinsic optical chirality at normal incidence is usually weak. Here, a dielectric chiral metasurface is designed and fabricated, and its strong intrinsic optical chirality in visible spectrum is experimentally demonstrated. Particularly, giant optical activity with zero circular dichroism can be obtained, implying that linear polarization of the incident light passing through the metasurface can be rotated. A phenomenological model is proposed to explain the chiral optical response of the metasurface based on the superposition of two chiral optical resonances in opposite handedness. The multipole decomposition of the electric fields corroborates how the high‐order multipoles are related to the chiral optical response. These results enable the development of flat compact devices to manipulate the polarization of light flexibly.
Soft, Sweat‐Powered Health Status Sensing and Visualization System Enabled by Laser‐Fabrication
Authors: Zhao Guangyao , Park Wooyoung , Huang Xingcan , Hu Yue , Li Zhiyuan , Chen Yao , Zhang Qiang , Xu Guoqiang , Gao Yuyu , Zhang Binbin , Wu Pengcheng , Yang Yawen , Yao Kuanming , Wu Mengge , Li Jian , Jiao Yanli , Jia Shengxin , Li Dengfeng , Liu Yiming , Yu Xinge 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThin and flexible skin electronics have attracted great attention for their applications in monitoring human health status continuously and intelligently. However, the versatility of these electronics is impeded by the performance of power supply and sensor modules, and their portability is also restricted by the need for external devices to handle data processing and analysis. Here, this work presents a wearable electronics system with health status sensing and visualization system (HSSVS), where the power is supplied by sweat‐activated batteries (SABs). The reported system enables the detection of crucial human physiological information, such as the Na+ concentration and the pH level in sweat, as well as skin temperature. The electrodes of the sensors and the batteries are fabricated by the laser ablation method. The laser‐induced polyimide (PI)/gelatin‐based graphene (LIGA) based sensors show a wide linear range for the sensing markers with high sensitivity, and high selectivity. The SABs based on laser‐induced PI/gelatin based graphene anchored with manganese dioxide (LIGA@MnO2) can support the entire sensing and visualization system with ultrathin, excellent biocompatibility, and mechanical properties. Additionally, incorporating a visualization design such as color changes in LEDs enables users to easily identify variations in health status. This integrated system demonstrates promising potential in smart sensing devices for health management.
The prevalence and perceived effectiveness of using a medication‐swallowing lubricant in aged care facilities across Australia
Authors: Malouh Marwa A. , Sefidani Forough Aida , Cichero Julie A. Y. , Lau Esther T. L. , Nissen Lisa M. , Steadman Kathryn J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the extent of use and perceived effectiveness of using a medication lubricant that is specifically designed to help people who struggle to swallow their solid medications whole.MethodHealth care workers of varying professional levels in aged care facilities (ACFs) across Australia who are involved in medication administration were invited to participate in a structured online survey.ResultsOf the 355 health care workers who completed the survey, 48% had used the medication lubricant to aid administration of whole and/or crushed solid oral dosage forms, and of these 89% agreed with the statement that “it is effective method to facilitate medication swallowing in residents.” The main benefits of using the medication lubricant were considered to be easier medication administration to residents (49%), reduction in need for crushing of medications (34%), and better adherence with medications (33%).ConclusionsThis study showed that using a medication lubricant for aged care residents may facilitate the process of medication administration for health care workers, which they perceive to improve residents' adherence with medications. Serious complications associated with solid dosage form modification may also be decreased by using a medication lubricant, as the need for modifying medications is reduced. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)‐approved medication lubricants could therefore be a valuable tool to aid the medication administration for patients who have difficulties swallowing medications. Future research may consider the clinical efficacy and acceptability of medication lubricants specifically for people with swallowing difficulties.
Preparation of PVDF/TMKH‐550 composite membrane and its adsorption performance for ammonia nitrogen wastewater
Authors: Wang Ziming , Yuan Jingjing , Yang Xin , Feng Xia , Zhao Yiping , Chen Li 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn order to reduce the agglomeration of tourmaline, silane coupling agent (3‐aminopropyl)‐triethoxysilane (KH‐550) was used to modify tourmaline. Then the modified tourmaline particles were added to the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) casting solution by blending, and a series of PVDF/TMKH‐550 composite membranes were prepared by Nonsolvent Induce Phase Separation (NIPS). The results showed that the agglomeration of tourmaline could be reduced by modification. With the increase of TMKH‐550 nanoparticles content, the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen wastewater increased gradually. For PVDF/TMKH‐550 composite membranes, the results showed that the addition of TMKH‐550 nanoparticles improved the hydrophilicity, porosity, and pore size of the membrane, and increased the permeation flux. The removal efficiency of the composite membrane on ammonia nitrogen solutions could reach 75.40%, The pH and conductivity of deionized water after membrane filtration were tested. At 0.2 MPa, it was found that both pH and conductivity increased. The above results showed that tourmaline can not only activate water bodies but also remove pollutants in water.
Adsorption Structures Affecting the Electronic Properties and Photoinduced Charge Transfer at Perylene‐Based Molecular Interfaces
Authors: Wirsing Sara , Hänsel Marc , Craciunescu Luca , Belova Valentina , Schreiber Frank , Broch Katharina , Engels Bernd , Tegeder Petra 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPerylene‐based organic semiconductors are widely used in organic electronic devices. Here, we studied the ultrafast excited state dynamics after optical excitation at interfaces between the electron donor (D) diindenoperylene (DIP) and the electron acceptor (A) dicyano‐perylene‐bis(dicarboximide) (PDIR‐CN2) using femtosecond time‐resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) in combination with large scale quantum chemical calculations. Thereby, we varied in bilayer structures of DIP and PDIR‐CN2 the interfacial molecular geometry. For an interfacial configuration which contains a edge‐on geometry but also additional face‐on domains an optically induced charge transfer (CT) is observed, which leads to a pronounced increase of the SHG signal intensity due to electric field induced second harmonic generation. The interfacial CT state decays within 7.5±0.7 ps, while the creation of hot CT states leads to a faster decay (5.3±0.2 ps). For the bilayer structures with mainly edge‐on geometries interfacial CT formation is suppressed since π‐π overlap perpendicular to the interface is missing. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides important insights into D/A charge transfer properties, which is needed for the understanding of the interfacial photophysics of these molecules.
A new theorem on finite‐time stability of stochastic homogeneous systems and its application
Authors: Guo Lin , Yu Xin , Yin Juliang , Khoo Suiyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper provides a novel Lyapunov theorem on finite‐time stability of stochastic homogeneous systems. Different from the existing results, the differential operator
in this paper is not required to be negative definite and could be negative semidefinite. The obtained condition is somehow similar to the LaSalle's condition. Moreover, the existing theorem of finite‐time stability for stochastic homogeneous systems is a special case of our result. As an application of the obtained theorem, stochastic finite‐time stabilization is considered for stochastic homogeneous affine control systems. Some examples and simulations are provided to show the effectiveness of the results.
A class of mean‐field games with optimal stopping and its applications
Authors: Huang Jianhui , Xie Tinghan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal stopping problem under the large‐population framework. In particular, two classes of optimal stopping problems are formulated by taking into account the relative performance criteria. It is remarkable that the relative performance criteria, also understood by the Joneses preference, habit formation utility, or relative wealth concern in economics and finance, play an important role in explaining various decision behaviors such as price bubbles. By introducing such criteria in large‐population setting, a given agent can compare his individual stopping rule with the average behaviors of its cohort. The associated mean‐field games are formulated in order to derive the decentralized stopping rules. The related consistency conditions are characterized via some coupled equation system and the
‐Nash equilibrium properties are also verified. In addition, some inverse mean‐field optimal stopping problem is also introduced and discussed.
Pics or It Didn't Happen: Reading Photographs in the Reef Tank Community
Authors: Muka Samantha 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn 1961, Lee Chin Eng jumpstarted the reef hobby, a hobby dedicated to the modeling of coral reefs in captivity, with an article inTropical Fish Hobbyist. He illustrated the article with eight photographs; these images were meaningful to the hobbyists viewing them and they conveyed both information about the tank system and also claims about Lee's expertise. This paper examines three genres of photographs—landscapes, active, and passive portraiture—that appeared in Lee's article and how and why they have proliferated in the reef hobbyist community over the last sixty years. By tracing the history of these genres, we can better understand natural knowledge producers rely on photographs to exchange knowledge and cement community identity.
Azathioprine induced acute sialadenitis: A case report
Authors: Moovara Cackamvalli Priyanka , Al Bakri Faten Mohammed Abdullah , Khanjar Izzat Ali M. 
Published: July 2023

Key clinical messagePatients presenting with acute sialadenitis need careful review of their medications. Azathioprine is one of such drugs, which can rarely induce acute sialadenitis. Prompt discontinuation of the medication leads to reversal of the patient condition.AbstractAcute sialadenitis is one of the rare adverse effects of azathioprine. We report a case of acute submandibular sialadenitis following initiation of azathioprine which resolved upon discontinuation of the drug.
Cation Radical Newman‐Kwart Rearrangement Enabled by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis under Mild Conditions
Authors: Enders Patrick , Prane Katrina , Schönke Eric , Taeufer Tobias , Michalik Dirk , Rabeah Jabor , Francke Robert 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA photochemical rearrangement of O‐aryl thiocarbamates to the corresponding S‐aryl compounds that is triggered by heterogeneous electron transfer between the substrate and photo‐excited titanium dioxide is presented. The rearrangement is the key‐reaction in the three‐step conversion of phenols into the corresponding thiophenols. The described procedure can be performed at room temperature under aerobic conditions using violet LEDs. The rearrangement has been achieved for 24 electron‐rich substrates with yields up to 99 %. A plausible mechanism is proposed based on the substrate scope, spectroscopic studies, and control experiments.
Keramische Membranen für die effiziente Abtrennung von organischen Mikroschadstoffen aus wässrigen Lösungen am Beispiel pharmazeutischer Wirkstoffe
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehrdad , Tarigan Meilia , Schmitz Oliver , Schütz Steffen , Gießelmann Sabine , Czermak Peter 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEin unerlässlicher Bestandteil der modernen Medizin ist der Einsatz von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen. Ein Großteil der Pharmazeutika gelangt allerdings nach der Verabreichung durch Ausscheidungen in die kommunalen Kläranlagen. Dort können sie aufgrund ihrer schlechten biologischen Abbaubarkeit nicht umfassend eliminiert werden und gelangen über den Weg der Fließgewässer in das Grundwasser. Im Rahmen dieser Studie wird der Einsatz von keramischen Membranen zur Entfernung verschiedenartiger Wirkstoffe, z. B. Ibuprofen und Diclofenac, aus wässrigen Lösungen untersucht und es werden Ergebnisse zur Trenneffizienz der untersuchten Membranen präsentiert.
High‐Resolution Multiparameter DNA Flow Cytometry for Accurate Ploidy Assessment and the Detection and Sorting of Tumor and Stromal Subpopulations from Paraffin‐Embedded Tissues
Authors: Corver Willem E. , ter Haar Natalja T. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article contains detailed protocols for the simultaneous flow cytometric identification of tumor cells and stromal cells and measurement of DNA content of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues. The vimentin‐positive stromal cell fraction can be used as an internal reference for accurate DNA content assessments of FFPE carcinoma tissues. This allows clear detection of keratin‐positive tumor cells with a DNA index lower than 1.0 (near‐haploidy) and of keratin‐positive tumor cells with a DNA index close to 1.0 in overall DNA aneuploid samples, thus improving DNA ploidy assessment in FFPE carcinomas. Furthermore, the protocol is useful for studying molecular genetic alterations and intratumor heterogeneity in archival FFPE samples. Keratin‐positive tumor cell fractions can be sorted for further molecular genetic analysis, while DNA from the sorted vimentin‐positive stromal cells can serve as a reference when normal tissue of the patient is not available. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol: Multiparameter DNA content analysis of FFPE carcinomasAlternate Protocol 1: Immunocytochemistry for keratin and vimentin, and DNA labeling for blue and red excitationAlternate Protocol 2: Immunocytochemistry for keratin and vimentin, and DNA labeling for blue excitationSupport Protocol: Sorting cell population from FFPE carcinomas
Design and implementation of high precision servo channel loading card for fatigue testing of aircraft wings
Authors: Zhao Baoshui , Xiao Yancai , Shen Haikuo 
Published: July 2023

SummaryA servo channel loading card (SCLC) with high precision data acquisition and output is developed for static and fatigue testing of aircraft wings. A high‐performance processor field programmable gate array (FPGA) is at the core to control the excitation source (ES) output circuit to provide excitation for the force and displacement sensor. To improve the precision of the ES output circuit, a 3DA‐based ES auto‐calibration circuit is designed. Simulation results show that the 3DA improves the precision of the automatic calibration of the ES circuit. The sensor signals are collected through high precision analog channels, and the signals are automatically zero calibrated and numerical control gain processed. Ultimately, a voltage or current signal is generated through the drive circuit to control the electro‐hydraulic servo loading system to complete a high precision force loading test on the aircraft wings. The experimental results show that the board designed has high reliability in both acquisition and output. The ES output achieved a precision of 0.1375 mV/V, the precision of signal acquisition achieves a precision of −0.175 mV/V, and the servo drive output achieves a precision of −0.06 mV/V, meeting the expected design precision of 1 mV/V.
Expert consensus on standardized management of tumor gene sequencing for cancer patients
Authors: Qian Mengjia , Zhan Yanxia , Ji Lili , Chen Hao , Cheng Yunfeng 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundTumour gene detection by next‐generation sequencing (NGS) can comprehensively analyze the molecular characteristics of tumors, and predict drug efficacy and tumor resistance mechanisms through tumour cell models, thereby realizing individualized and precise treatment. Therefore, the whole process of standardized management is required. This consensus aims to refine the standardized management of tumor gene sequencing for cancer patients based on the NGS platform, hoping to provide help for the personalized treatment of cancer patients, and further promoting the development of precision medicine.Methods and resultsStandardized management for tumour gene detection of cancer patients includes patient management before gene testing, during gene testing, and after gene testing. Tumour patients should select appropriate test samples and test content before receiving genetic testing. There should be a clear informed consent statement during the test, a detailed report should be provided after the test, and counseling and monitoring follow‐up should be provided. The management of genetic testing of tumour patients should cover early screening and early diagnosis of tumors, molecular classification and companion diagnosis of tumours, and monitoring of tumour recurrence.ConclusionEffective management and standardized procedures for gene detection of cancer patients, covering the whole process before, during and after detection, will benefit the majority of patients from early screening, personalized diagnosis and treatment, prognosis evaluation and other aspects of cancer, and promote the healthy development of the precision medicine industry.