bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reflections Seven Years on From the First Declaration of Climate Emergency: Large-Scale Text Analysis of Local Government Climate Policy in Australia
Authors: Davidson Kathryn , Mokhles Sombol , Nyuyen Thi Minh Phuong , Kadyrova Alina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Seven years on from the first declaration of climate emergency, we will undertake a large-scale text analysis of local government climate strategy documents of 196 climate policies over 140 local governments in Australia from 2016 to the end of 2022. We aim to ascertain whether we have witnessed a shift in the policy response from ‘business as usual’ towards a new emergency mode of climate governance. We focus on Australia as the home to the first declaration of climate emergency from local government. We utilise topic modelling to depict the commonalities and divergences of key topics/themes in the climate policies of local government in Australia to map these key topics against a framework that identifies key attributes of climate emergency policy framing mode. The size of our dataset enables us to draw conclusions, although limited to Australia, and we conclude that local governments that did declare a climate emergency have a higher presence of the attributes of climate emergency mode. Key to note is the presence of topics for the attributes of urgency of action, prioritisation of action, and social mobilisation points to a move away from business as usual to accelerated climate action in local governments that declared a climate emergency.
Pollen exine spontaneously shedding in the angiosperm Annona montana (Annonaceae)
Authors: Li Bing Xin , Xu Feng Xia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
It is generally considered that exine is vital for interactions with stigmas, and pollen exine shedding during pollination has never been reported in angiosperms. However, Annona montana, located at Annonaceae family in basal angiosperms, was observed spontaneously shedding exine in stigma exudates and any watery solution.
Results
We demonstrated the entire process of A. montana pollen exine shedding in vivo and in vitro, verified that water is the only necessary medium for A. montana pollen shedding, and exine shedding is an unavoidable step before pollen germination. Since pollen volume of A. montana did not change remarkably before and after hydration, it is undoubtedly that exine shedding in this species might be related with exine, rather than the intine-absorbing water.
Conclusions
Pollen shedding exine in A. montana exhibits a special and rare reproductive characteristic in angiosperms, which will update what we have previously recognized that exine is essential in reproductive processes.
Deciduous woody species have more conservative leaves when increased water is available in a dry tropical forest
Authors: Yule Tamires Soares , Arruda Rosani do Carmo Oliveira , Santos Mauro Guida dos 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Species in dry environments may adjust their morphological and physiological behaviors by adopting safer or more efficient strategies. Thus, species distributed across a water availability gradient may possess different phenotypes depending on the specific environmental conditions to which they are subjected. Leaf and vascular tissues are plastic and may vary strongly in response to environmental changes, such as water-use strategies, affecting an individual’s fitness and species distribution. To identify whether and how legumes vary across a water availability gradient in a seasonally dry tropical forest, we quantified leaf construction costs and performed an anatomical study on the leaves of seven legume species. We evaluated seven species, which were divided into three categories of rainfall preference: wet species, which are more abundant in wetter areas; indifferent species, which are more abundant and occur indistinctly under both rainfall conditions; and dry species, which are more abundant in dryer areas. We observed two different behavioral patterns based on rainfall preference categories. Contrary to our expectations, wet and indifferent species changed traits in the sense of security when occupying lower rainfall areas, whereas dry species changed some traits when more water was available. Trischidium molle, the most plastic and wet species, exhibited similar behavior to the dry species. Generally, intraspecific variation did not occur in adopting relatively more conservative characteristics, at least at the foliar level, with reduced water availability. Our results corroborate the risks to vegetation under future climate change scenarios as stressed species and populations may not endure even more severe conditions.
Impact of Flawed Self-Assessment on Learning Motivation in Emergency Point-of- Care Ultrasound
Authors: Bansbach Joachim , Trifunovic-Koenig Milena , Bentele Michael , Bollinger Matthias , Bentele Stefanie , Langenhan Ronny , Gerber Bianka , Bushuven Stefan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Learning motivation is essential to obtain and maintain ultrasound competencies in emergency medicine. Where refresher training is not mandatory, self-assessment is required to evaluate one’s competencies and the need for further training. This can be flawed by overconfidence effects, which inhibits learners´ metacognition and possibly learning motivation. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicentre project, we presented eight ultrasound loops of different pathologies to emergency physicians of different specialities. In addition, the physicians assessed their own and others’ competence and learning motivation using the Situational Motivation Scale comprising intrinsic motivation, external and identified regulation, and amotivation. Results: We were unable to detect generalized overconfidence effects in 86 physicians. However, the subgroup analysis revealed that some specialist physicians with completed training were overconfident, while those still in training were not. Overplacement negatively correlated with intrinsic learning motivation and identified regulation and positively correlated to amotivation. Further analyses revealed that learning motivation was associated with the interactions of the physicians’ risk perception, speciality, and self-assessment. Discussions Our results show that some overconfidence effects are present even in the advanced skill of emergency ultrasound. However, an absence of feedback can lead to a misjudgement of own competencies and even reduce their willingness to participate in training. Particularly trainers and experts whose skills are not further assessed could pose a risk to the patient as they may overconfidently train learners incorrectly. Therefore, lifelong training in emergency ultrasound should include ongoing expert training to avoid misconceptions and ensure patient safety.
Evaluation of condylar and mandibular movements on the upper airway during the use of mandibular advancement device for obstructive sleep apnea treatment
Authors: Pereira Amanda , Gurgel Marcela , Pereira Rowdley , Fabbro Cibele Dal , Silva Paulo de Barros , Costa Fabio , Leite Leonardo , Moro Alexandre , Cevidanes Lucia , Junior Cauby Chaves 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), condylar and mandibular movements in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients treated with mandibular advancement device (MAD), and to identify the influence of these anatomic factors on upper airway (UA) volume and polysomnographic outcomes after treatment.
Materials and methods: Twenty OSA patients were prospectively treated with MAD. Clinical examinations, cone-beam computed tomography, and polysomnography were performed before MAD treatment and after achieving therapeutic protrusion. Polysomnographic variables and three-dimensional measurements of the TMJ, mandible, and upper airway were statistically analyzed.
Results: Condylar rotation, anterior translation, and anterior mandibular displacement were directly correlated with total UA volume, while vertical mandibular translation was inversely correlated with the volume of the inferior oropharynx. MAD treatment resulted in an increase in the volume and area of the superior oropharynx. There was no statistically significant correlation between condylar rotation and translation and polysomnographic variables. With MAD, there was a significant increase in vertical dimension, changes in condylar position (rotation and translation), and mandibular displacement. The central and medial lengths of the articular eminence were inversely correlated with condylar rotation and translation, respectively. The lateral length of the eminence was directly correlated with condylar translation, and the lateral height was directly correlated with condylar rotation and translation.
Conclusion: Condylar and mandibular movements influenced UA volume. The articular eminence played a role in the amount of condylar rotation and translation.
Clinical relevance: Individualized anatomical evaluation of the TMJ proves to be important in the therapy of OSA with MAD.
Serum Metabolomic Profiling of In-Stent Neoatherosclerosis Confirmed by Optical Coherence Tomography in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Wang Zhuozhong , Fan Lei , Yang Yue , Feng Shi , Liu Huimin , Fang Shaohong , Fang Yan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction:
In-stent neoatherosclerosis (ISNA) leads to late stent thrombosis (LST) and very late stent thrombosis (VLST), which are major limitations of drug-eluting stents (DESs) application. Metabolic heterogeneity among individuals poses challenges for ISNA prevention.
Objectives
To explore the specific metabolic molecular dysregulation underlying ISNA.
Methods
After DES implantation in the iliac artery, eight rabbits were received a high cholesterol diet (HCD), while another eight control rabbits were fed a normal diet. Serum samples were collected at baseline and after treatments for untargeted metabolomic analysis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and histological examination were used to classify the different outcomes of ISNA progression.
Results
Among the rabbits fed the HCD, six developed ISNA and were categorized as Group A, while the remaining two rabbits on the HCD without ISNA were classified as Group B. Additionally, eight control rabbits on a normal diet were designated as Group C. Metabolomics analysis detected a total of 36883 metabolic peaks, leading to the identification of 279 metabolites. Dysregulation of 67, 2, and 40 metabolites was observed in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. Eight dysregulated pathways were enriched based on the 67 differential metabolites in the ISNA group. Notably, eight metabolites, including 9-trans-palmitelaidic acid, biliverdin, palmitoleic acid, choline, cystine, pipecolinic acid, histidine, and L-proline, exhibited specific changing trends in the ISNA group compared to Groups B and C.
Conclusion
This study provides comprehensive insights into the metabolic molecular mechanisms underlying ISNA, and emphasizes the significance of personalized prevention strategies based on individual metabolic profiles.
“Non-criteria” antiphospholipid antibodies aid risk stratification in autoimmune recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Li Xueying , Huang Minling , Huang Xinyi , Liu Dongzhou , Huang Qin , Hong Xiaoping 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a serious pregnancy disease caused by a variety of factors. Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is the most prevalent treatable cause of RPL. Although some RPL patients do not meet the diagnosis of OAPS, they may benefit from the standard treatment of OAPS. However, the diagnosis and treatment of these patients are controversial. To evaluate the value of “non-criteria” antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in RPL patients, and to assess whether RPL patients with “criteria”/ “non-criteria” aPL positivity could benefit from treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and low-dose aspirin (LDA), we profiled five “criteria” and ten “non-criteria” aPLs, namely LA, aCL IgG/M, aβ2GPI IgG/M, aPS/PT IgG/M, aANXA5, aANXA2, aVIM, aβ2GPI-D1, aPE, aPI IgG/M, aPS IgG, in 11 OAPS, 65 “non-criteria” OAPS (NOAPS), 31 OAPS carrier, 90 connective tissue disease-RPL (CTD-RPL), 75 unexplained RPL (URPL), 45 thrombotic APS (TAPS) patients, and 81 healthy controls (HCs). Our results showed that aPS/PT IgG/M, aANXA5, aANXA2, aVIM, aβ2GPI-D1, aPE, aPI IgG/M, and aPS IgG were associated with RPL. We found that aPS/PT IgG was positively correlated with the number of “criteria” aPL positivity in APS patients. Importantly, “non-criteria” aPL-positive RPL patients could benefit from the treatment with LMWH and LDA. Combined aPE, aANXA2, aVIM, and aβ2GPI-D1 could distinguish OAPS, NOAPS, OAPS carrier, CTD-RPL, and URPL group from HCs. Our study demonstrates the utility of “non-criteria” aPLs in identifying RPL women with clinical features of OAPS, which is expected to provide tailored treatment management for RPL patients and ultimately improve obstetric outcomes.
Employing Deep Learning Model to Evaluate Speech Information in Acoustic Simulations of Auditory Implants
Authors: Sinha Rahul , Azadpour Mahan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Acoustic simulations have played a prominent role in the development of speech processing and sound coding strategies for auditory neural implant devices. Traditionally evaluated using human subjects, acoustic simulations have been used to model the impact of implant signal processing as well as individual anatomy/physiology on speech perception. However, human subject testing is time-consuming, costly, and subject to individual variability. In this study, we propose a novel approach to perform simulations of auditory implants. Rather than using actual human participants, we utilized an advanced deep-learning speech recognition model to simulate the effects of some important signal processing as well as psychophysical/physiological factors on speech perception. Several simulation conditions were produced by varying number of spectral bands, input frequency range, envelope cut-off frequency, envelope dynamic range and envelope quantization. Our results demonstrate that the deep-learning model exhibits human-like robustness to simulation parameters in quiet and noise, closely resembling existing human subject results. This approach is not only significantly quicker and less expensive than traditional human studies, but it also eliminates individual human variables such as attention and learning. Our findings pave the way for efficient and accurate evaluation of auditory implant simulations, aiding the future development of auditory neural prosthesis technologies.
Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Nifekalant Injection with varies dosing plan in Chinese Volunteers: A Randomized, Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: JIANG JUANJUAN , xu LI , Chai Lin , Zhang Li , Liu Hong , Sun Hui , Tian Lei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Nifekalant hydrochloride is a class III antiarrhythmic agent which could increase the duration of the action potential and the effective refractory period of ventricular and atrial myocytes by blocking the K+ current. Nifekalant is used to prevent ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation. QT interval prolongation is the main measurable drug effect. However, due to the complicated dosing plan in clinic,the relationship among dosage, time, drug concentration and efficacy is not fully understood. In this study, a single-center, randomized, blind, dose-ascending, placebo-controlled study was conducted to explore the intrinsic characteristics of nifekalant injection in healthy Chinese volunteers by a population pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) model approach. 42 subjects were enrolled in this study and received one of three dose plans (loading dose on Day 1 (0.15, 0.3 or 0.5 mg/kg), loading dose followed by maintenance dose (0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg/h) on Day 4) or vehicle. Blood samples were drawn for PK evaluation, and ECGs were recorded for QTc calculation at the designed timepoints. No Torsades de Pointes occurred during the study. The popPK model of nifekalant injection could be described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. The population mean clearance (CL) was 53.8 L/h. The population mean distribution volume of the central (Vc) and peripheral (Vp) compartments was 8.27 L and 45.6 L, respectively. A nonlinear dose-response (Emax) model well described the pharmacodynamic effect (QTc interval prolongation) of nifekalant. The Emax and EC50 from current study were 101 ms and 342 ng/mL, respectively.
The association between hemoglobin level and sarcopenia in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Hu Nandong , Liu Jingjing , Gao Xifa , Tang Hongye , Wang Jiangchuan , Wei Zicheng , Wang Zhongqiu , Chen Xiao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sarcopenia and anemia are common complication in patients with Crohn's Disease (CD). However, few studies have showed the association between sarcopenia and hemoglobin level in patients with CD. This study aimed to explore such association in a Chinese population with CD. Two hundreds and twelve adult CD inpatients who underwent computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from July 2019 to December 2021 were included. Sarcopenia was defined according to the cutoff value of skeletal muscle index of lumbar spine 3 (SMI-L3) (< 44.77cm2/m2 for male and < 32.5cm2/m2 for female). The inpatients with CD were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. The clinical data, hemoglobin levels and other laboratory data were retrospectively collected. The association between hemoglobin levels and sarcopenia were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Sarcopenia occurred in 114 CD patients (53.8%). Compared to patients without sarcopenia, patients with sarcopenia had significantly lower proportion of L1 (30.7% vs 45.8%, p = 0.032) and B1 classification (58.8% vs 72.4%, P = 0.037). Patients with sarcopenia had significant lower level of hemoglobin (Hb) (116.5 ± 22.8 vs 128.1 ± 21.0, p < 0.001). The prevalence of sarcopenia increased with the decrease of hemoglobin level (p for trend < 0.05). Linear regression analysis showed that hemoglobin levels were associated to SMI-L3 (β = 0.091, p = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that higher Hb (OR:0.98; 95% CI: 0.96,0.99; p = 0.034) were independent associated factors for sarcopenia. Lower Hb levels are independent associated factors of sarcopenia in adult inpatients with CD.
Anaemia among adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women in south coastal region of Bangladesh: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Ara Gulshan , Hassan Rafid , Haque Md. Ahshanul , Boitchi Anika Bushra , Ali Samira Dilruba , Kabir Kazi Sudipta , Mahmud Riad Imam , Islam Kazal Ahidul , Rahman Hafizur , Islam Zhahirul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly anaemia, are more likely to affect children and reproductive-aged women. Through a cross-sectional survey using multi-stage cluster-random sampling techniques, the study assessed the current anaemia status among adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women as well as the associated factors with anaemia in this population in South-coastal Bangladesh. The average age of women was 24.0 and 15.2 years for girls. Half of the pregnant, 46% of lactating-women and 38% of adolescent-girls were assessed as anaemic. Around 20% of the respondents reported consumed more than five food groups, in last 24-hours. Risk of mild anaemia was higher among Hindu girls. Pregnant-women who washed hands after using toilet and who received 4 + ANC visits [aOR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.77, p = 0.009] had lower likelihood of having any form of anaemia. Pregnant-women who consumed > 5 food groups had less risk of anaemia (aOR: 0.14, 95% CI:0.05–0.37, p < 0.001). Second and third trimester pregnant women were more likely to be anaemic. Lactating-women who consumed > 5 food groups, who always washed hands before food preparation, received 4 + ANC visits, consumed > 90 IFA, had decreased risk of anaemia. Appropriate measures should be taken to address the substantial prevalence of anaemia among this vulnerable group.
Insight into the on/off switch that regulates expression of the MSMEG-3762/63 efflux pump in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Campolattano Nicoletta , D'Abrosca Gianluca , Russo Luigi , De Siena Barbara , Gala Milena Della , De Chiara Ida , Marasco Rosangela , Goff Aaron , Waddell Simon J , Sacco Margherita , Muscariello Lidia 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Drug resistance is one of the most difficult challenges facing tuberculosis (TB) control. Drug efflux is among the mechanisms leading to drug resistance. In our previous studies, we partially characterized the ABC-type MSMEG-3762/63 efflux pump in Mycobacterium smegmatis, which shares high percentage identity with the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1687/86c pump. MSMEG-3762/63 was shown to have extrusion activity for rifampicin and ciprofloxacin, used in first and second-line anti-TB treatments. Moreover, we described the functional role of the TetR-like MSMEG-3765 protein as a repressor of the MSMEG_3762/63/65 operon and orthologous Rv1687/86/85c in M. tuberculosis. Here we show that the operon is upregulated in the macrophage environment, supporting a previous observation of induction triggered by acid-nitrosative stress. Expression of the efflux pump was also induced by sub-inhibitory concentrations of rifampicin or ciprofloxacin. Both these drugs also prevented the binding of the MSMEG-3765 TetR repressor protein to its operator in the MSMEG_3762/63/65 operon. The hypothesis that these two drugs might be responsible for the induction of the efflux pump operon was assessed by bioinformatics analyses. Docking studies using a structural model of the regulator MSMEG-3765 showed that both antibiotics abolished the ability of this transcriptional repressor to recognize the efflux pump operon by interacting with the homodimer at different binding sites within the same binding pocket. Reduced binding of the repressor leads to induction of the efflux pump in M. smegmatis, and reduced efficacy of these two anti-mycobacterial drugs.