bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular summit premature ventricular contractions treated by venous ethanol infusion: Scar assessment by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Limite Luca Rosario , Laborie Guillaume , Constantin Justine , Maubon Antoine , Arcari Luca , Hebert Caroline , Bortone Agustín 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) summit premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) are often unresponsive to radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Retrograde venous ethanol infusion (RVEI) can be a valuable alternative in this scenario. A 43‐year‐old woman without structural heart disease presented with LV summit PVCs unresponsive to RF ablation because of their deep‐seated origin. Unipolar pace mapping performed through a wire inserted into a branch of the distal great cardiac vein (GCV) demonstrated 12/12 concordance with the clinical PVCs thus indicating close proximity to PVCs’ origin. RVEI abolished the PVCs without complications. Subsequently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evidenced an intramural myocardial scar produced by ethanol ablation. In conclusion, RVEI effectively and safely treated PVC arising from a deep site in the LVS. The scar provoked by chemical damage was well characterized by MRI imaging.
Deep haplotype analyses of target‐site resistance locus ACCase in blackgrass enabled by pool‐based amplicon sequencing
Authors: Kersten Sonja , Rabanal Fernando A. , Herrmann Johannes , Hess Martin , Kronenberg Zev N. , Schmid Karl , Weigel Detlef 
Published: February 2023

SummaryRapid adaptation of weeds to herbicide applications in agriculture through resistance development is a widespread phenomenon. In particular, the grass Alopecurus myosuroides is an extremely problematic weed in cereal crops with the potential to manifest resistance in only a few generations. Target‐site resistances (TSRs), with their strong phenotypic response, play an important role in this rapid adaptive response. Recently, using PacBio's long‐read amplicon sequencing technology in hundreds of individuals, we were able to decipher the genomic context in which TSR mutations occur. However, sequencing individual amplicons are costly and time‐consuming, thus impractical to implement for other resistance loci or applications. Alternatively, pool‐based approaches overcome these limitations and provide reliable allele frequencies, although at the expense of not preserving haplotype information. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we sequenced with PacBio High Fidelity (HiFi) reads long‐range amplicons (13.2 kb), encompassing the entire ACCase gene in pools of over 100 individuals, and resolved them into haplotypes using the clustering algorithm PacBio amplicon analysis (pbaa), a new application for pools in plants and other organisms. From these amplicon pools, we were able to recover most haplotypes from previously sequenced individuals of the same population. In addition, we analysed new pools from a Germany‐wide collection of A. myosuroides populations and found that TSR mutations originating from soft sweeps of independent origin were common. Forward‐in‐time simulations indicate that TSR haplotypes will persist for decades even at relatively low frequencies and without selection, highlighting the importance of accurate measurement of TSR haplotype prevalence for weed management.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cooked (tandoori) chicken and associated health risk
Authors: Singh Lochan , Agarwal Tripti 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTandoori cooking is a popular food preparation method in India involving a unique combination of grilling, baking, barbecuing, and roasting processes. This study determined the levels of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tandoori chicken and assessed the associated health risk. The sum of 16 PAHs concentration ranged from 25.4 to 3733 μg/kg with an average of 440 ± 853 μg/kg. Analyzed samples demonstrated major contribution of 2, 3, and 4 ring PAHs. Diagnostic ratios identified combustion and high‐temperature processes as the main source favoring PAHs generation in these samples. Benzo(a)pyrene equivalents and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) estimates for different population groups (boys, girls, adult males, adult females, elderly males, elderly females) associated with dietary intake of these products ranged from 6.88E‐05 to 4.13E‐03 and 1.63E‐08 to 1.72E‐06, respectively. Since the ILCR values fell within the safe limits (1E‐06, i.e., nonsignificant), the consumption of tandoori chicken may be considered as safe. The study emphasizes the need for extensive studies on PAHs formation in tandoori food products.
Effects of task types and time interval conditions on age‐related decline in verbal working memory
Authors: Jo Eunha , Choi Sujin , Sung Jee Eun 
Published: February 2023

Age‐related differences in working memory (WM) components were investigated by manipulating the time interval and interference effects between phonological and semantic judgment tasks to identify tasks to best discriminate between younger and older groups. The 96 participants (young = 48; old = 48) prospectively performed two task types of WM, with phonological and semantic judgment tasks, which were administered while varying the three interval conditions: 1‐s unfilled (UF), 5‐s UF, and 5‐s filled (F). The main effect for age was significant in the semantic judgment task but not in the phonological judgment task. The main effect for the interval conditions were significant in both tasks. A 5‐s UF condition applied to a semantic judgment task could significantly differentiate the older group from the younger group. Differential effects of time interval manipulation in semantic and phonological processing are involved in WM resources. The older group could be differentiated by varying the task types and interval conditions, indicating that the semantic‐related WM burdens may contribute to a superior differential diagnosis of aging‐related WM decline.
The relationship between emptiness and suicide and self‐injury urges in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Fulham Lindsay , Forsythe Jeremy , Fitzpatrick Skye 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionSuicide and self‐injury (SSI) are pervasive among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet little research has examined factors that increase SSI urges among those with BPD. Emptiness is a diagnostic criterion of BPD that is associated with SSI behaviors, but its impact on SSI urges in BPD is poorly understood. This study investigates the association between emptiness and SSI urges at baseline and in response to a stressor (i.e., reactivity) among individuals with BPD.MethodsForty individuals with BPD participated in an experimental procedure where they rated their degree of emptiness and SSI urges at baseline and in response to an interpersonal stressor. Generalized estimating equations tested whether emptiness predicts baseline SSI urges and SSI urge reactivity.ResultsHigher emptiness predicted higher baseline suicide urges (B = 0.006, SE = 0.002, p < 0.001), but not baseline self‐injury urges (p = 0.081). Emptiness did not significantly predict suicide urge reactivity (p = 0.731) nor self‐injury urge reactivity (p = 0.446).ConclusionAssessing and targeting emptiness may facilitate the reduction of suicide urges in BPD. Future research should investigate treatment strategies for reducing SSI risk among individuals with BPD via targeting emptiness.
Computer crime motives: Do we have it right?
Authors: Neufeld Derrick 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAcademic, legal and practitioner responses to cyber threats have been predominantly reactive, punitive, and deterrence‐based, with limited attention given to the motives underlying computer criminals' behaviors. This paper reasons that new and better theoretical perspectives are needed to explain computer criminals' motives. Following a review of the computer crime behavioral literature, a summary review of core philosophies and theories used to explain generalized crime and criminal motives is provided. A framework is proposed suggesting that criminological theories have evolved along two categorical dimensions: determinism‐indeterminism, and individualism‐collectivism. The paper then reasons that future computer crime research will benefit by considering indeterminist‐collectivist (constructivist) theories. Two such theories, social construction of technology, and actor‐network theory, are proposed in the discussion section, along with some cybercrime examples. The paper invites a deeper consideration of the origins and motivations of computer‐based criminality as a means of building stronger theory and ultimately advancing more proactive and effective solutions.
Students' articulations of uncertainty about big data in an integrated modeling approach learning environment
Authors: Gafny Ronit , Ben‐Zvi Dani 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn recent years, big data has become ubiquitous in our day‐to‐day lives. Therefore, it is imperative for educators to integrate nontraditional (big) data into statistics education to ensure that students are prepared for a big data reality. This study examined graduate students' expressions of uncertainty while engaging with traditional and nontraditional big data investigation activities. We first suggest a theoretical framework based on integrated insights from statistics education and data science to analyze and describe novices' reasoning with the various uncertainties that characterize both traditional and big data—the Variability, Data, and Phenomenon (VDP) framework. We offer a case study of graduate students' participation in the integrated modeling approach (IMA) learning trajectory, illustrating the utility of the VDP framework in accounting for the different types of articulated uncertainties. We also discuss the teaching implications of the VDP.
Opensource spatial optimization in GIScience for strategic positioning
Authors: Murray Alan T. , Baik Jiwon 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpatial optimization involving multiple objectives is commonly needed to address complex planning and management issues yet associated models and problems are exceptionally difficult and complicated to solve. Open‐source approaches have received attention because they offer potential for making spatial optimization more broadly available, and other GIScience methods, to support analysis and decision‐making. Beyond this, the ability to integrate GIScience functions through open‐source alternatives offers great potential to decrease reliance on commercial, proprietary software as well as enable broader use and adoption of, and reliance on, spatial optimization approaches. This article details an important bi‐objective spatial problem along with open‐source capabilities for solution as an example of challenges faced and opportunities possible. A number of solution approaches are considered, providing an opportunity to assess computational requirements, functionality, solution quality and issues encountered. Empirical applications associated with emergency response, healthcare access, food processing and strategic player positioning are detailed. This study highlights capabilities, limitations and challenges for open‐source science in addressing a class of multi‐objective spatial optimization problems.
Do deep regional trade agreements strengthen anti‐corruption? A social network analysis
Authors: Zhang Xingyuan , Goel Rajeev K. , Jiang Jiaming , Capasso Salvatore 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper adds to research on the international drivers of corruption and anti‐corruption by focusing on the influence of regional trade agreements (RTAs). Using cross‐national data and employing a social network analysis, we provide descriptions of the evolution of deep integration of RTAs' network in anti‐corruption and transparency with a comprehensive view in which we utilise the network's Closeness, Harmonic, Betweenness, Eigenvector, and PageRank centralities to demonstrate the positions of member countries. We examine the relations of the positions of member countries in the deep RTAs' network and the performance of those countries in fighting corruption. Our empirical results suggest that the countries which hold dominant positions in the deep RTAs' network may be associated with better performance in fighting corruption. At the same time, countries which may have traditionally lagged in the enforcement of anti‐bribery and corruption laws will benefit through the transfer of best practices and technical expertise in rulemaking and enforcement by using their positions in the deep RTAs' network. Furthermore, our results indicate that the provisions related to anti‐corruption or transparency in RTAs will play more important roles in fighting public sector corruption for member countries. The findings are robust to alternate corruption and governance measures.
Child labour and global value chains
Authors: Ugarte Cristian , Olarreaga Marcelo , Saiovici Gady 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe explore the relationship between the internationalisation of production through Global Value Chains and child labour at the sector level, using data from 26 low‐ and middle‐income countries. We find that sectors with stronger participation in foreign markets by exporting inputs to firms that will process them and export them to third countries (forward linkages) exhibit less child labour. However, other forms of participation in foreign markets through gross exports or exports of goods that embed foreign value‐added (backward linkages) are not associated with lower levels of child labour.
Unions of lines in Rn$\mathbb {R}^n$
Authors: Zahl Joshua 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe prove a conjecture of D. Oberlin on the dimension of unions of lines in . If is an integer, , and L is a set of lines in with Hausdorff dimension at least , then the union of the lines in L has Hausdorff dimension at least . Our proof combines a refined version of the multilinear Kakeya theorem by Carbery and Valdimarsson with the multilinear → linear argument of Bourgain and Guth.
Gromov–Witten theory of complete intersections via nodal invariants
Authors: Argüz Hülya , Bousseau Pierrick , Pandharipande Rahul , Zvonkine Dimitri 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe provide an inductive algorithm computing Gromov–Witten invariants in all genera with arbitrary insertions of all smooth complete intersections in projective space. We also prove that all Gromov–Witten classes of all smooth complete intersections in projective space belong to the tautological ring of the moduli space of stable curves. The main idea is to show that invariants with insertions of primitive cohomology classes are controlled by their monodromy and by invariants defined without primitive insertions but with imposed nodes in the domain curve. To compute these nodal Gromov–Witten invariants, we introduce the new notion of nodal relative Gromov–Witten invariants. We then prove a nodal degeneration formula and a relative splitting formula. These results for nodal relative Gromov–Witten theory are stated in complete generality and are of independent interest.
General practitioner well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Jefferson Laura , Heathcote Claire , Bloor Karen 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesThe COVID-19 pandemic presented new challenges for general practitioners’ (GPs’) mental health and well-being, with growing international evidence of its negative impact. While there has been a wide UK commentary on this topic, research evidence from a UK setting is lacking. This study sought to explore the lived experience of UK GPs during COVID-19, and the pandemic’s impact on their psychological well-being.Design and settingIn-depth qualitative interviews, conducted remotely by telephone or video call, with UK National Health Service GPs.ParticipantsGPs were sampled purposively across three career stages (early career, established and late career or retired GPs) with variation in other key demographics. A comprehensive recruitment strategy used multiple channels. Data were analysed thematically using Framework Analysis.ResultsWe interviewed 40 GPs; most described generally negative sentiment and many displayed signs of psychological distress and burnout. Causes of stress and anxiety related to personal risk, workload, practice changes, public perceptions and leadership, team working and wider collaboration and personal challenges. GPs described potential facilitators of their well-being, including sources of support and plans to reduce clinical hours or change career path, and some described the pandemic as offering a catalyst for positive change.ConclusionsA range of factors detrimentally affected the well-being of GPs during the pandemic and we highlight the potential impact of this on workforce retention and quality of care. As the pandemic progresses and general practice faces continued challenges, urgent policy measures are now needed.
Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the management of necrotising soft-tissue infections: results from a Danish nationwide registry study
Authors: Hedetoft Morten , Madsen Martin Bruun , Hyldegaard Ole 
Published: February 2023

ObjectivesApplication of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment in the multidisciplinary setting of necrotising soft-tissue infection (NSTI) is debated as a considerable number of studies are of low quality with marked prognostication bias due to inadequately addressing disease severity. The objective of this study was to associate HBO2treatment with mortality in patients with NSTI including disease severity as a prognostic variable.DesignNationwide population-based register study.SettingDenmark.ParticipantsDanish residents with NSTI patients between January 2011 and June 2016.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThirty-day mortality was compared between patients receiving and patients not receiving HBO2treatment using inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity-score matching with predetermined variables (age, sex and weighted Charlson comorbidity score, presence of septic shock and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II)).ResultsA total of 671 NSTI patients were included with a median age of 63 (52–71), 61% male sex, 30% had septic shock and a median SAPS II of 46 (34–58). Patients who received HBO2treatment (n=266) were younger and had lower SAPS II, but a larger fraction had septic shock compared with patients not receiving HBO2treatment. Overall, all-cause 30-day mortality was 19% (95% CI 17% to 23%). The statistical models were in general acceptably balanced with covariates reaching <0.1 absolute standardised mean differences and patients receiving HBO2treatment were associated with lower 30-day mortality (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.53, p<0.001).ConclusionsIn analyses using inverse probability of treatment weighting and propensity score analysis, patients treated with HBO2treatment were associated with improved 30-day survival.
Emergency unit capacity in Northern Tanzania: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ardsby Malin , Shayo Frida , Sakita Francis M , Wilhelms Daniel , Moshi Baraka , Frankiewicz Parker , Silva Lincoln Luis , Staton Catherine A , Mmbaga Blandina , Joiner Anjni 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionEmergency medicine (EM) is a growing field in Sub-Saharan Africa. Characterising the current capacity of hospitals to provide emergency care is important in identifying gaps and future directions of growth. This study aimed to characterise the ability of emergency units (EU) to provide emergency care in the Kilimanjaro region in Northern Tanzania.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted at 11 hospitals with emergency care capacity in three districts in the Kilimanjaro region of Northern Tanzania assessed in May 2021. An exhaustive sampling approach was used, whereby all hospitals within the three-district area were surveyed. Hospital representatives were surveyed by two EM physicians using the Hospital Emergency Assessment tool developed by the WHO; data were analysed in Excel and STATA.ResultsAll hospitals provided emergency services 24 hours a day. Nine had a designated area for emergency care, four had a core of fixed providers assigned to the EU, two lacked a protocol for systematic triage. For Airway and Breathing interventions, oxygen administration was adequate in 10 hospitals, yet manual airway manoeuvres were only adequate in six and needle decompression in two. For Circulation interventions, fluid administration was adequate in all facilities, yet intraosseous access and external defibrillation were each only available in two. Only one facility had an ECG readily available in the EU and none was able to administer thrombolytic therapy. For trauma interventions, all facilities could immobilise fractures, yet lacked interventions such as cervical spinal immobilisation and pelvic binding. These deficiencies were primarily due to lack of training and resources.ConclusionMost facilities perform systematic triage of emergency patients, though major gaps were found in the diagnosis and treatment of acute coronary syndrome and initial stabilisation manoeuvres of patients with trauma. Resource limitations were primarily due to equipment and training deficiencies. We recommend the development of future interventions in all levels of facilities to improve the level of training.
Prevalence of current nutrition care practices for disease-related malnutrition in Canadian hospitals
Authors: Keller Heather , Wei Cindy , Nasser Roseann , Dhaliwal Rupinder , Gramlich Leah 
Published: February 2023

Disease-related malnutrition is common in hospital patients. The Health Standards Organization Canadian Malnutrition Prevention, Detection, and Treatment Standard was published in 2021. The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of nutrition care in hospitals prior to implementation of the Standard. An online survey was distributed to hospitals across Canada via email. A representative reported on nutrition best practices based on the Standard at the hospital level. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were completed for selected variables based on size and type of hospital. One hundred and forty-three responses from nine provinces were received (56% community, 23% academic, and 21% other). Malnutrition risk screening was being completed on admission in 74% ( n = 106/142) of hospitals, although not all units participated in screening all patients. Nutrition-focused physical exam is completed as part of a nutrition assessment in 74% ( n = 101/139) of sites. Flagging a malnutrition diagnosis ( n = 38/104) and physician documentation (18/136) were sporadic. Academic and medium (100–499 beds) and large hospitals (500+ beds) were more likely to have a physician document a malnutrition diagnosis. Some, but not all, best practices are occurring in Canadian hospitals on a regular basis. This demonstrates a need for continued knowledge mobilization of the Standard.
On different approaches to freeze-in and freeze-out leptogenesis with quasi-degenerate neutrinos
Authors: Racker J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe compare two approaches for determining the generation of lepton asymmetry during production and decay of quasi-degenerate neutrinos, namely the density matrix formalism and a recent proposal which does not involve any counting of neutrino number densities and is based on plugging the resummed propagator in a quantum field theory model for neutrino oscillations. We show numerically and analytically that they are almost equivalent for small mass splittings and also discuss the hierarchical limit. The comparison, performed in a simple scalar toy model, helps to understand several issues that have been discussed in the literature.