bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing genomic prediction accuracy for unphenotyped full-sib families by modeling additive and dominance effects with large datasets in white spruce
Authors: Nadeau Simon , Beaulieu Jean , Gezan Salvador A. , Perron Martin , Bousquet Jean , Lenz Patrick R. N. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionGenomic selection is becoming a standard technique in plant breeding and is now being introduced into forest tree breeding. Despite promising results to predict the genetic merit of superior material based on their additive breeding values, many studies and operational programs still neglect non-additive effects and their potential for enhancing genetic gains.MethodsUsing two large comprehensive datasets totaling 4,066 trees from 146 full-sib families of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), we evaluated the effect of the inclusion of dominance on the precision of genetic parameter estimates and on the accuracy of conventional pedigree-based (ABLUP-AD) and genomic-based (GBLUP-AD) models.ResultsWhile wood quality traits were mostly additively inherited, considerable non-additive effects and lower heritabilities were detected for growth traits. For growth, GBLUP-AD better partitioned the additive and dominance effects into roughly equal variances, while ABLUP-AD strongly overestimated dominance. The predictive abilities of breeding and total genetic value estimates were similar between ABLUP-AD and GBLUP-AD when predicting individuals from the same families as those included in the training dataset. However, GBLUP-AD outperformed ABLUP-AD when predicting for new unphenotyped families that were not represented in the training dataset, with, on average, 22% and 53% higher predictive ability of breeding and genetic values, respectively. Resampling simulations showed that GBLUP-AD required smaller sample sizes than ABLUP-AD to produce precise estimates of genetic variances and accurate predictions of genetic values. Still, regardless of the method used, large training datasets were needed to estimate additive and non-additive genetic variances precisely.DiscussionThis study highlights the different quantitative genetic architectures between growth and wood traits. Furthermore, the usefulness of genomic additive-dominance models for predicting new families should allow practicing mating allocation to maximize the total genetic values for the propagation of elite material.
Evolutionary differences in gene loss and pseudogenization among mycoheterotrophic orchids in the tribe Vanilleae (subfamily Vanilloideae)
Authors: Zhou Lisi , Chen Tongyao , Qiu Xiandan , Liu Jinxin , Guo Shunxing 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionGaleola lindleyana is a mycoheterotrophic orchid belonging to the tribe Vanilleae within the subfamily Vanilloideae.MethodsIn this study, the G. lindleyana plastome was assembled and annotated, and compared with other Vanilleae orchids, revealing the evolutionary variations between the photoautotrophic and mycoheterotrophic plastomes.ResultsThe G. lindleyana plastome was found to include 32 protein-coding genes, 16 tRNA genes and four ribosomal RNA genes, including 11 pseudogenes. Almost all of the genes encoding photosynthesis have been lost physically or functionally, with the exception of six genes encoding ATP synthase and psaJ in photosystem I. The length of the G. lindleyana plastome has decreased to 100,749 bp, while still retaining its typical quadripartite structure. Compared with the photoautotrophic Vanilloideae plastomes, the inverted repeat (IR) regions and the large single copy (LSC) region of the mycoheterotrophic orchid’s plastome have contracted, while the small single copy (SSC) region has expanded significantly. Moreover, the difference in length between the two ndhB genes was found to be 682 bp, with one of them spanning the IRb/SSC boundary. The Vanilloideae plastomes were varied in their structural organization, gene arrangement, and gene content. Even the Cyrtosia septentrionalis plastome which was found to be closest in length to the G. lindleyana plastome, differed in terms of its gene arrangement and gene content. In the LSC region, the psbA, psbK, atpA and psaB retained in the G. lindleyana plastome were missing in the C. septentrionalis plastome, while, the matK, rps16, and atpF were incomplete in the C. septentrionalis plastome, yet still complete in that of the G. lindleyana. Lastly, compared with the G. lindleyana plastome, a 15 kb region located in the SSC area between ndhB-rrn16S was found to be inverted in the C. septentrionalis plastome. These changes in gene content, gene arrangment and gene structure shed light on the polyphyletic evolution of photoautotrophic orchid plastomes to mycoheterotrophic orchid plastomes.DiscussionThus, this study’s decoding of the mycoheterotrophic G. lindleyana plastome provides valuable resource data for future research and conservation of endangered orchids.
Adolescents’ experiences of acceptance and commitment therapy for depression: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of good-outcome cases
Authors: Ma Jinping , Ji Lili , Lu Guohua 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionAcceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been shown to help treat depression. However, little is known about the patient’s experiences with ACT. This study aimed to learn how it was used in adolescents with major depressive disorder who have achieved good treatment outcomes.MethodsFive adolescents with major depressive disorder with good treatment outcomes of ACT were enrolled in the semi-structured qualitative interview and analyzed using systematic textual condensation and interpretative phenomenological analysis.ResultsFour primary themes emerged from the investigation. “Therapist relationships and characteristics” describes the therapist’s receptiveness and respect for adolescents with depression and having a trustworthy and sincere therapist. “Spaces to explore and experience” describes the ongoing process and content of acceptance of negative emotions and mindfulness practices in the healing process. “Do important things” refers to values and committed action. The “time settings” include the frequency and duration of treatment.ConclusionAdolescents make positive changes with a receptive and respectful therapist by exploring themselves in a genuine and trusting therapeutic relationship. Improvement seems to come from being open to all thoughts and feelings and developing the ability to live in the present moment. Teenagers attach great importance to value-oriented behaviour. Therefore, treatment should target the critical areas of depressed adolescents to guide them towards recovery effectively.
The role of personality, authoritarianism and cognition in the United Kingdom’s 2016 referendum on European Union membership
Authors: Sumner Chris , Scofield John E. , Buchanan Erin M. , Evans Mimi-Rose , Shearing Matthew 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe results of the United Kingdom’s 2016 referendum on European Union (EU) membership have highlighted deep societal divides. In six studies, we examined the role of personality traits, cognition and cognitive biases in relation to referendum voters’ choices.MethodsA total of 11,225 participants completed questionnaires and controlled experiments, which assessed differences in personality traits, levels of authoritarianism, numeracy, thinking styles, and susceptibility to cognitive biases including ideologically motivated numeracy and reasoning, framing, and the Dunning-Kruger effect.ResultsParticipants expressing an intent to vote to leave the EU reported significantly higher levels of authoritarianism and conscientiousness, and lower levels of openness and neuroticism than voters expressing an intent to vote to remain in the EU. When compared with Remain voters, Leave voters displayed significantly lower levels of numeracy and appeared more reliant on impulsive System 1 thinking. In the experimental studies, voters on both sides were found to be susceptible to the cognitive biases tested, with a general trend for Leave voters to show more bias than Remain voters.DiscussionThese results raise important questions regarding the use and framing of numerical and non-numerical data for public consumption.
Effect of Yoga involvement on mental health in times of crisis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Bös Christiane , Gaiswinkler Lisza , Fuchshuber Jürgen , Schwerdtfeger Andreas , Unterrainer Human-Friedrich 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundYoga involvement can be understood as a degree of immersion in the philosophical/spiritual teachings of Yoga. Previous research has shown a positive association between Yoga involvement and mental health. This study further investigates the effect of Yoga involvement on several parameters of psychological well-being and distress amidst a global crisis precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA total sample of 246 participants (216 females; 118 Yoga versus 128 age-matched Pilates practitioners) were included in the study. Via an online-survey the following questionnaires were completed: the WHO-Five Well-Being Index, the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being short version, the Leipzig Short Scale of Sense of Coherence, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Yoga Immersion Scale which was adapted for the control group to Pilates Immersion Scale.ResultsWhen controlling for occupation and psychiatric disorder, involvement in general was higher for Yoga practitioners than for Pilates controls. Furthermore, Yoga practice was associated with increased religious/spiritual well-being and decreased sense of coherence, but neither with psychological well-being nor with psychological distress. Involvement, in general, positively predicted psychological well-being, religious/spiritual well-being and sense of coherence, but there was no connection with psychological distress. Lastly, involvement mediated the positive relationship between Yoga practice and religious/spiritual well-being and suppressed the negative effect of Yoga practice on sense of coherence.ConclusionOur findings suggest that involvement in a certain relaxation practice has a positive impact and might be a key component in understanding Yoga’s influence on mental health. Further randomized controlled research, including clinical groups, is necessary to explain how involvement changes and how it effects well-being more specifically.
The psychological stress response of COVID-19 to medical staff and prevention: A large sample study from China
Authors: Hu Mei , Xu Yuan , Bu Dengying , Luo Kai , Chang Liying , Mao Chun 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesIn the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical staff in China were more likely to suffer from psychological problems. By investigating the actual state of psychological stress response of medical staff during the COVID-19 outbreak, the study discussed and analyzed the influencing factors of different psychological states in order to prevent the occurrence of serious adverse emotional events in medical staff.MethodsIn the Xiangyang Central Hospital, 1,466 medical staff members have adopted the Psychological Questionnaire for Emergencies Events of Public Health (PQEEPH), which includes questions about depression, neurasthenia, fear, obsessive anxiety, and hypochondriac disorders. The questionnaire also asks about gender, age, education level, health, department, position, and whether personnel exposure history correlation analysis has been confirmed.ResultsThe survey revealed that 55% had depression, 26.7% had neurasthenia, 95% had fear, 47.9% had obsessive anxiety, and 69.3% had hypochondria. The effects of depression and hypochondriac emotional stress were significantly greater in female workers than in male workers (p &lt; 0.05). Those with higher educational levels had a stronger emotional stress response. Medical professionals with or without contact histories, those who were suspected or confirmed, as well as those in various positions and departments, all demonstrated significant differences in their stress emotions (p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionEmotional stress affected medical professionals, especially doctors and nurses, who were on the front lines of clinical work in the face of significant public health emergencies. Therefore, to reduce the stress burden and enhance mental health on medical staff, hospitals were suggested to improve their emergency management practices. In addition, the sensitization knowledge training and psychological counseling for front-line clinical staff should be strengthened.
Positive distraction in daily activities as a predictor of good coping: A “day in the life” during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Leslie-Miller Calissa J. , Cole Veronica T. , Waugh Christian E. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe early part of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) was a chronic stressor that led to decreased life satisfaction, increased psychopathology, and decreased social interaction, making it important to study coping strategies that stimulate increases in emotional well-being. Previous research has demonstrated that disengagement coping may be beneficial in scenarios where engagement coping is too difficult or not possible. We hypothesized that disengagement coping would be related to good emotional well-being (high positive emotions and/or perceived control, lower negative emotions and/or stress), with distraction (taking a break from a stressor) related to better emotional well-being than is avoidance (avoiding thoughts and feelings associated with a stressor).MethodsUsing a daily reconstruction method that represents a “day in the life” of people in the United States during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed people’s (N = 329) activities, their intention to distract from or avoid the stressor during these activities, emotions, and thoughts about and motivation to deal with COVID.ResultsBetween-subjects’ analyses revealed that habitual distraction did not predict any outcomes, while habitual avoidance related to poorer emotional well-being. Within-subject analyses, however, demonstrated that engaging in distraction (and to a smaller extent, avoidance) was associated with better concurrent emotional well-being and less thinking about COVID. Furthermore, the intent to distract/avoid was more reliable in predicting emotional outcomes than was the activity type.ConclusionThese findings suggest that disengagement from stress can be an adaptive coping behavior during global pandemics and possibly other chronic stressors with similar attributes.
Asymmetry of the pelvis in Polish young adults
Authors: Bibrowicz Karol , Szurmik Tomasz , Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz Katarzyna , Hudakova Zuzana , Gąsienica-Walczak Bartłomiej , Kurzeja Piotr 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSymmetry is one of the criteria of correct body posture in upright position. The spatial positioning of the pelvic girdle is crucial to it. Functional and structural asymmetries within the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex can have a significant influence on the structure and functions of many human body organs and systems. The aim of the study was to present the results of inclinometer measurements of selected landmarks of the pelvic girdle in young adults aged 19–29.MethodsThe analysis of occurrence of spatial pelvic asymmetry was based on the authors’ original, clinical classification and the significance of the body mass and height for the analyzed asymmetries. The inclinometer measurements of the selected landmarks of the pelvic girdle were performed in a sample consisting of 300 young individuals. Then, the occurrences of the spatial asymmetry of the pelvis were analyzed based on the authors’ own clinical classification using alignment symmetry of the iliac crests, the anterior superior iliac spines and the trochanters major as a criterion. All study subjects with asymmetry &lt;1 degree were treated as those with a symmetrical pelvis.ResultsThe significance of gender, body mass and height for the analyzed asymmetries was assessed. Symmetric positioning of the iliac crests was observed in only 32% of the respondents. The iliac crest depression on the left side was more frequently observed – in 41% of the respondents. This occurred more often in women (44%) than in men (38%). In the group of women, the rotated pelvis was the most often observed (39.4%) asymmetry, while for men, it was the oblique pelvis (40%). More detailed analysis by pelvic asymmetry subtypes showed their statistical differentiation between women and men (p    &lt;     0.0001). Analysis of moderate rotation of the pelvis for men, were reported slightly higher values but these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.253). Women, in turn, showed slightly higher mean values but here too, the differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.245).DiscussionAsymmetries in the pelvis area are common; they were observed in less than three-quarters of the examined population. Oblique pelvis was found in less than a quarter of women and in more than one-third men with the predominant structural asymmetries. Rotated pelvis was observed in more than one-third of women and men with dominating functional asymmetries. There were no linear correlations between the body mass and height, and the angle of asymmetries.
The Questionnaire of Intention to Help in VAW Cases (QIHVC): Development and preliminary results
Authors: Ferrer-Perez Victoria A. , Sánchez-Prada Andrés , Bosch-Fiol Esperanza , Delgado-Alvarez Carmen , Vázquez-González Leila I. , Nardi-Rodriguez Ainara 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionViolence against women (VAW) is a worldwide social and health problem of epidemic proportions. This violence is preventable, and bystander programs are one of the possible preventative strategies. The main purpose of this research was to develop a tool that, by applying a contrastive methodology for its application in different forms of violence (forms of gender-based violence, such as intimate partner VAW, sexual harassment at work, and street harassment, and common violence, such as a robbery), would allow measuring the probability of occurrence of bystander response in the face of these types of violence with good evidence of content validity.MethodFirstly (Study 1), an initial version of a measure tool, the Questionnaire of Intention to Help in VAW Cases (QIHVC), was developed; secondly (Study 2), a Delphi (modified) study was carried out to obtain valid, content-based evidence; and finally (Study 3), a pilot study was carried out to evaluate the appropriate functioning of the QIHVC and, if required, to make any necessary adjustments.Results and discussionThe main result is the development of a set of case scenarios and a questionnaire related to its content which constitutes the QIHVC and, in its initial approximation, seems to constitute an adequate and sensible tool to capture the differences between the characterizations of common violence and VAW and in the possible response of bystanders in the face of such violence.
Factors influencing adolescent experimental and current smoking behaviors based on social cognitive theory: A cross-sectional study in Xiamen
Authors: Lin Manzhi , Chu Meijie , Li Xian , Ma Honghao , Fang Zhiwei , Mao Li , Wang Pengjun , Chen Tianmu , Chiang Yi-Chen 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionChina has the largest youth population in the world. To better implement the Smoke-free School Initiative, this study aims to examine the protective and risk factors for different smoking behaviors (never smoked, experimental smoking, and current smoking) among school adolescents based on social cognitive theory.MethodsThis research was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey of middle schools in Huli District of Xiamen, China. The final sample consisted of 1937 participants with an average age of 15.41 (SD = 1.64). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using four models.ResultsOf the respondents, 1685 (86.99%) were never smokers, 210 (10.84%) were experimental smokers, and 42 (2.17%) were current smokers. Social norms, positive outcome expectations, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies were associated with adolescents' smoking behaviors. The number of smoking family members, classmates smoking, the perception that smoking is cool and attractive, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies were the predictors of current smoking behavior (p &lt; 0.05). In contrast, friends smoking and individual and social relationship motivation were associated with only experimental smoking (p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionThe relationship of social norms, positive outcome expectations, anti-smoking self-efficacy, and attitudes toward control tobacco policies varied across smoking behaviors. Family, school, society and the government need to cooperate in prevention and intervention programs for adolescent smoking. The relationships between these factors and adolescents' different smoking behaviors needs to be further verified.
Association between radiotherapy for surgically treated oral cavity cancer and secondary lung cancer
Authors: He Dongjie , Zhang Jun , Xiang Ying , Wu Peiwen , Li Gaiyan , Chang Hao , Wang Qiming , Shao Qiuju , Zhu Siying 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThere is limited research on the incidence of secondary lung cancer (SLC) after radiotherapy (RT) for oral cavity cancer (OCC). Therefore, we investigated the association between RT for OCC and the risk of SLC and the overall survival of these patients.MethodsPatients diagnosed with OCC between 1975 and 2015 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The cumulative incidence of SLC, relative risk (RR) of RT vs. no RT (NRT), standardized incidence ratios (SIR), and survival outcomes were assessed.ResultsA total of 10,936 patients with OCC were included. Of these, 429 (3.92%) patients developed SLC, where 136 (5.02%) received RT and 293 (3.56%) did not. The cumulative incidence of SLC during follow-up was 6.89% and 4.84% in the RT and NRT patients, respectively. RT was associated with a higher risk of SLC. In the subset analysis, the results showed that a higher risk of developing SLC among patients with index OCC in most subgroups. Dynamic RR and SIR revealed a decreased risk of SLC with increasing latency time. No difference was observed in the 10-year survival rates for patients with SLC who received RT or not or compared with primary lung cancer.ConclusionRT was associated with a higher risk of SLC, and patients diagnosed with OCC could be followed for 5–10 years after diagnosis.
The importance of disability representation to address implicit bias in the workplace
Authors: Derbyshire Daniel W. , Spencer Anne E. , Grosskopf Brit , Blackmore Theo 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionPeople are disabled by barriers in society, not by their impairment. Barriers can be physical or be caused by people's implicit and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities.MethodsWe utilise the Implicit Association Test to investigate implicit attitudes towards people with disabilities among Human Resource professionals and people involved in making hiring decisions.ResultsWe find no significant differences between people who work for large companies or Small- to Medium-sized Enterprises. Similarly, working in Human Resources (or making recruitment decisions) has no effect on implicit bias. We supply the first evidence linking a person's own health status (measured using EQ-5D-5L) to their implicit bias. We find that a worse health status is associated with lower implicit bias towards people with disabilities. In addition, we find women have lower implicit bias than men.DiscussionThe discussion reflects on the need for greater disability representation within the workplace - especially in making hiring decisions.