bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tip‐Induced Nanopatterning of Ultrathin Polymer Brushes
Authors: Gröger Roland , Heiler Tobias , Schimmel Thomas , Walheim Stefan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPatterned, ultra‐thin surface layers can serve as templates for positioning nanoparticlesor targeted self‐assembly of molecular structures, for example, block‐copolymers. This work investigates the high‐resolution, atomic force microscopebased patterning of 2 nm thick vinyl‐terminated polystyrene brush layers and evaluates the line broadening due to tip degradation. This work compares the patterning properties with those of a silane‐based fluorinated self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), using molecular heteropatterns generated by modified polymer blend lithography (brush/SAM‐PBL). Stable line widths of 20 nm (FWHM) over lengths of over 20000 µm indicate greatly reduced tip wear, compared to expectations on uncoated SiOx surfaces. The polymer brush acts as a molecularly thin lubricating layer, thus enabling a 5000 fold increase in tip lifetime, and the brush is bonded weakly enough that it can be removed with surgical accuracy. On traditionally used SAMs, either the tip wear is very high or the molecules are not completely removed. Polymer Phase Amplified Brush Editing is presented, which uses directed self‐assembly to amplify the aspect ratio of the molecular structures by a factor of 4. The structures thus amplified allow transfer into silicon/metal heterostructures, fabricating 30 nm deep, all‐silicon diffraction gratings that could withstand focused high‐power 405 nm laser irradiation.
“Salting out” in Hofmeister Effect Enhancing Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of Amide‐based Hydrogel Electrolytes for Flexible Zinc‐Ion Battery
Authors: Cao Guanghua , Zhao Lei , Ji Xiwei , Peng Yuanyou , Yu Meimei , Wang Xiangya , Li Xiangye , Ran Fen 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the development of flexible and wearable electronic devices, it is a new challenge for polymer hydrogel electrolytes to combine high mechanical flexibility and electrochemical performance into one membrane. In general, the high content of water in hydrogel electrolyte membranes always leads to poor mechanical strength, and limits their applications in flexible energy storage devices. In this work, based on the “salting out” phenomenon in Hofmeister effect, a kind of gelatin‐based hydrogel electrolyte membrane is fabricated with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity by soaking pre‐gelated gelatin hydrogel in 2 m ZnSO4 aqueous. Among various gelatin‐based electrolyte membranes, the gelatin‐ZnSO4 electrolyte membrane delivers the “salting out” property of Hofmeister effect, which improves both the mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of gelatin‐based electrolyte membranes. The breaking strength reaches 1.5 MPa. When applied to supercapacitors and zinc‐ion batteries, it can sustain over 7500 and 9300 cycles for repeated charging and discharging processes. This study provides a very simple and universal method to prepare polymer hydrogel electrolytes with high strength, toughness, and stability, and its applications in flexible energy storage devices provide a new idea for the construction of secure and stable flexible and wearable electronic devices.
Low‐Concentration Redox‐Electrolytes for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Shipeng , Zhao Yuwei , Lv Haiming , Hu Xuanhe , He Jun , Zhi Chunyi , Li Hongfei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe uncontrolled zinc electrodeposition and side reactions severely limit the power density and lifespan of Zn metal batteries. Herein, the multi‐level interface adjustment effect is realized with low‐concentration redox‐electrolytes (0.2 m KI) additives. The iodide ions adsorbed on the zinc surface significantly suppress water‐induced side reactions and by‐product formation and enhance the kinetics of zinc deposition. The distribution of relaxation times results reveal that iodide ions can reduce the desolvation energy of hydrated zinc ions and guide the deposition of zinc ions due to their strong nucleophilicity. As a consequence, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell achieves superior cycling stability (>3000 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2) accompanied by a uniform deposition and a fast reaction kinetics with a low voltage hysteresis (<30 mV). Additionally, coupled with an activated carbon (AC) cathode, the assembled Zn||AC cell delivers a high‐capacity retention of 81.64% after 2000 cycles at 4 A g−1. More importantly, the operando electrochemical UV–vis spectroscopies show that a small number of I3− can spontaneously react with the dead zinc as well as basic zinc saltsand regenerate iodide ions and zinc ions; thus, the Coulombic efficiency of each charge–discharge process is close to 100%.
Hierarchical Nanoarchitectonics of Ultrathin 2D Organic Nanosheets for Aqueous Processed Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Zhang He , Lin Dong‐Qing , Wang Yang‐Cheng , Li Zhu‐Xin , Hu Shu , Huang Lei , Zhang Xin‐Wen , Jin Dong , Sheng Chuan‐Xiang , Xu Chun‐Xiang , Xie Ling‐Hai 
Published: April 2023

AbstractUltrathin 2D organic nanosheets (2DONs) with high mobility have received tremendous attention due to thickness of few molecular layers. However, ultrathin 2DONs with high luminescence efficiency and flexibility simultaneously are rarely reported. Here, the ultrathin 2DONs (thickness: 19 nm) through the modulation of tighter molecular packing (distance: ≈3.31 Å) achievable from the incorporation of methoxyl and dipenylamine (DPA) groups into 3D spirofluorenexanthene (SFX) building blocks is successfully prepared. Even with closer molecular stacking, ultrathin 2DONs still enable the suppression of aggregation quenching to exhibit higher quantum yields of blue emission (ΦF = 48%) than that on amorphous film (ΦF = 20%), and show amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) with a mediate threshold (332 mW cm−2). Further, through drop‐casting method, the ultrathin 2DONs are self‐organized into large‐scale flexible 2DONs films (1.5 × 1.5 cm) with the low hardness (H: 0.008 Gpa) and low Young's modulus (Er: 0.63 Gpa). Impressively, the large‐scale 2DONs film can realize electroluminescence performances with a maximum luminance (445 cd m−2) and low turn on voltage (3.7 V). These ultrathin 2DONs provide a new avenue for the realization of flexible electrically pumping lasers and intelligent quantum tunneling systems.
Boosting the Thermoelectric Performance of the Doped DPP‐EDOT Conjugated Polymer by Incorporating an Ionic Additive
Authors: Song Yilin , Dai Xiaojuan , Zou Ye , Li Cheng , Di Chong‐an , Zhang Deqing , Zhu Daoben 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe thermoelectric (TE) performance of organic materials is limited by the coupling of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. Herein a new strategy is reported to boost the Seebeck coefficient of conjugated polymer without significantly reducing the electrical conductivity by incorporation of an ionic additive DPPNMe3Br. The doped polymer PDPP‐EDOT thin film exhibits high electrical conductivity up to 1377 ± 109 S cm−1 but low Seebeck coefficient below 30 µV K−1 and a maximum power factor of 59 ± 10 µW m−1 K−2. Interestingly, incorporation of small amount (at a molar ratio of 1:30) of DPPNMe3Br into PDPP‐EDOT results in the significant enhancement of Seebeck coefficient along with the slight decrease of electrical conductivity after doping. Consequently, the power factor (PF) is boosted to 571 ± 38 µW m−1 K−2 and ZT reaches 0.28 ± 0.02 at 130 °C, which is among the highest for the reported organic TE materials. Based on the theoretical calculation, it is assumed that the enhancement of TE performance for the doped PDPP‐EDOT by DPPNMe3Br is mainly attributed to the increase of energetic disorder for PDPP‐EDOT.
Examining Concentration‐Reliant Zn Deposition/Stripping Behavior in Organic Alcohol/Sulfones‐Modified Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Zhuang Weiman , Chen Qianwen , Hou Zhen , Sun Zongzhao , Zhang Tianxu , Wan Jianyong , Huang Limin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe practical application of Zn metal anodes in electronic devices is hindered by dendrite growth and parasitic reactions. Electrolyte optimization, particularly the introduction of organic co‐solvents, is widely used to circumvent these challenges. Various organic solvents in a wide range of concentrations have been reported; however, their influences and corresponding working mechanisms at different concentrations are largely unexplored in the same organic species. Herein, economical, low‐flammable ethylene glycol (EG) is used as a model co‐solvent in aqueous electrolytes to examine the relationship between its concentration, anode‐stabilizing effect, and mechanism. Two maximal values are observed for the lifetime of Zn/Zn symmetric batteries under EG concentrations from 0.05 vol% to 48 vol%. Zn metal anodes can stably run for over 1700 h at a low EG content (0.25 vol%) and high EG content (40 vol%). Based on the complementary experimental and theoretical calculations, the enhancements in low‐ and high‐content EG are ascribed to the specific surface adsorption for suppressed dendrite growth and the regulated solvation structure for inhibited side reactions, respectively. Intriguingly, a similar concentration‐reliant bimodal phenomenon is observed in other low‐flammable organic solvents (e.g., glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide), thereby suggesting universality of this study and providing insight into electrolyte optimization.
Gas Transport Mechanisms through Molecular Thin Carbon Nanomembranes
Authors: Stroganov Vladislav , Hüger Daniel , Neumann Christof , Noethel Tabata , Steinert Michael , Hübner Uwe , Turchanin Andrey 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMolecular thin carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) synthesized by electron irradiation induced cross‐linking of aromatic self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are promising 2D materials for the next generation of filtration technologies. Their unique properties including ultimately low thickness of ≈1 nm, sub‐nanometer porosity, mechanical and chemical stability are attractive for the development of innovative filters with low energy consumption, improved selectivity, and robustness. However, the permeation mechanisms through CNMs resulting in, e.g., an ≈1000 times higher fluxes of water in comparison to helium have not been yet understood. Here, a study of the permeation of He, Ne, D2, CO2, Ar, O2 and D2O using mass spectrometry in the temperature range from room temperature to ≈120 °C is studied. As a model system, CNMs made from [1″,4′,1′,1]‐terphenyl‐4‐thiol SAMs are investigated. It is found out that all studied gases experience an activation energy barrier upon the permeation which scales with their kinetic diameters. Moreover, their permeation rates are dependent on the adsorption on the nanomembrane surface. These findings enable to rationalize the permeation mechanisms and establish a model, which paves the way toward the rational design not only of CNMs but also of other organic and inorganic 2D materials for energy‐efficient and highly selective filtration applications.
Asymmetrical Emissivity and Wettability in Stitching Treble Weave Metafabric for Synchronous Personal Thermal‐Moisture Management
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Ji Yating , Fan Zhuizhui , Du Peibo , Xu Bi , Cai Zaisheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDeveloping textiles with passive thermal management is an effective strategy to maintain the human body healthy as well as decrease energy consumption. Personal thermal management (PTM) textiles with engineered constituent element and fabric structure have been developed, however the comfortability and robustness of these textiles remains a challenge due to the complexity of passive thermal‐moisture management. Here a metafabric with asymmetrical stitching treble weave based on woven structure design and yarn functionalization is developed, in which the thermal radiation regulation and moisture‐wicking can be achieved simultaneously throughout the dual‐mode metafabric due to its optically regulated property, multi‐branched through‐porous structure and surface wetting difference. With simply flipping, the metafabric enables high solar reflectivity (87.6%) and IR emissivity (94%) in the cooling mode, and a low IR emissivity of 41.3% in the heating mode. When overheating and sweating, the cooling capacity reaches to ≈9 °C owing to the synergistic effect of radiation and evaporation. Moreover, the tensile strengths of the metafabric are 46.18 MPa (warp direction) and 37.59 MPa (weft direction), respectively. This work provides a facile strategy to fabricate multi‐functional integrated metafabrics with much flexibility and thus has great potential for thermal management applications and sustainable energy.
Freestanding Mo3N2 nanotubes for long‐term stabilized 2e− intermediate‐based high energy efficiency Li–CO2 batteries
Authors: Qi Guicai , Zhang Junxiang , Cheng Jianli , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLi–CO2 batteries are considered one of the promising power sources owing to ultrahigh energy density and carbon fixation. Nevertheless, the sluggish reaction kinetics of 4e− discharged process (Li2CO3) impede its potential application. One of the efficient strategies for developing cathode catalysts is to stabilize 2e− intermediate Li2C2O4 and improve reaction reversibility. However, long‐term catalysts of stabilized Li2C2O4 are barely achieved, whereas cycle stability is far from satisfactory level. Herein, non‐noble metal–based Mo3N2 is synthesized and employed as freestanding cathodes for Li–CO2 batteries. Owing to rich delocalized electrons of Mo2+ and reversible electron localization structure, freestanding Mo3N2 cathodes exhibit a low charge potential (3.28 V) with an ultralow potential gap (0.64 V), high energy efficiency of up to 80.46%, fast rate capability, and outstanding cycle stability (>910 h). In situ experiments and theoretical calculation verify that Mo3N2 stabilizes 2e− Li2C2O4 intermediate by the interaction of Mo2+ as active sites where Mo2+ promotes the transfer of outer electrons to O, prevents its disproportionation to Li2CO3, and promotes reaction kinetics, contributing to high energy efficiency and outstanding cycle reversibility. In addition, the pouch‐cells deliver ultrahigh energy density of up to 6350.7 W h kg−1 based on the mass of cathode materials.
Technical debt in the engineering of complex systems
Authors: Yang Ye , Verma Dinesh , Anton Philip S. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe metaphor of technical debt (TD) is widely adopted in the software engineering field, referring to short‐term compromises in software artifacts in exchange for speed or to meet release schedules or other constraints. The implication is that TDs accumulate over time, and may eventually make rework or maintenance very expensive or even impossible. The analogy is generally applicable in the systems engineering field, particularly concerning numerous program cancellation and obsolescence challenges due to premature decisions made in early acquisition phases. This paper adapts this metaphor of TD to the systems engineering field, and proposes a TD taxonomy to support the early identification and assessment of TD items in engineering complex systems, especially in the early life cycle phases of engineering complex, distributed systems. The taxonomy identifies seven TD types: functionality, performance, interoperability, version conflicts, documentation and support, system evolution, and organic, based on systematic indicators and signs discoverable during early acquisition activities. We expect that the notion and the taxonomy of TD will offer an additional perspective for design decisions that will help mitigate challenging integration and obsolescence issues in the engineering of complex systems.
Opportunistic viral surveillance confirms the ongoing disease threat grey squirrels pose to sympatric red squirrel populations in the UK
Authors: Everest David J. , Green Chalin , Dastjerdi Akbar , Davies Hannah , Cripps Rachel , McKinney Conor , Podgornik Gala , Stinson Michael , O'Hare Simon , Sapsford Bonnie , Mill Aileen , Van der Waal Zelda , Robinson Nikki , Trotter Stephen , Shuttleworth Craig M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundRed Squirrels United was a UK landscape‐scale grey squirrel management programme undertaken between 2016 and 2020.MethodsA total of 11034 grey squirrels were removed by culling, with 1506 necropsied and 1405 suitable for adenovirus (AdV) or squirrelpox virus (SQPV) quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. Spleen, lip or hair were extracted, and DNA was isolated, with samples tested in duplicate by qPCR.ResultsOf 1378 tissue samples, 43% were positive for AdV and 10% for SQPV. Of 1031 hair samples, 11% were positive for AdV and 10% for SQPV. Overall, 762 of 1405 (54%) animals were positive for one or both viruses.LimitationsAd hoc sampling was undertaken from limited geographical areas but provided the only dataset from that period, instead of extrapolating from historical data.ConclusionsThe grey squirrel is an asymptomatic reservoir host for AdV and SQPV. Interspecific infection transmission potential is demonstrated. Grey squirrel management by culling is essential for mainland red squirrel viability until other suitable management tools are available.
Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on female dog behaviour—A scoping review
Authors: Moxon Rachel , Freeman Sarah L. , Payne Richard , Corr Sandra , England Gary C. W. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are contradictory findings in the literature relating to the effects of timing of neutering on bitch behaviour that make decision making regarding neutering timing difficult.MethodsA scoping review was designed to identify and chart the evidence on the effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on the behaviour of female domesticated dogs. A protocol was registered, and literature searches were conducted in CAB Abstracts, Medline and Web of Science. Studies were reviewed against the inclusion criteria. Data on study and population characteristics and behavioural outcomes were extracted for the final included studies.ResultsA total of 1048 publications were reviewed; 13 were retained for inclusion and charting. Only one of the two studies that classified bitches as pre‐ or postpubertal presented results for the analysis of behaviours. The remaining 11 studies classified bitches by age at neutering.LimitationsSince the scoping review searches were conducted, further relevant studies may have become available. The search strategy may not have identified all available literature; however, databases were used that provide high levels of coverage of veterinary literature.ConclusionThis scoping review identified a lack of evidence to document the impact of neutering bitches before or after puberty on behaviour.
Genomic selection for genotype performance and stability using information on multiple traits and multiple environments
Authors: Bančič J. , Ovenden B. , Gorjanc G. , Tolhurst D. J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Key message
The inclusion of multiple traits and multiple environments within a partially separable factor analytic approach for genomic selection provides breeders with an informative framework to utilise genotype by environment by trait interaction for efficient selection.

Abstract
This paper develops a single-stage genomic selection (GS) approach which incorporates information on multiple traits and multiple environments within a partially separable factor analytic framework. The factor analytic linear mixed model is an effective method for analysing multi-environment trial (MET) datasets, but has not been extended to GS for multiple traits and multiple environments. The advantage of using all information is that breeders can utilise genotype by environment by trait interaction (GETI) to obtain more accurate predictions across correlated traits and environments. The partially separable factor analytic linear mixed model (SFA-LMM) developed in this paper is based on a three-way separable structure, which includes a factor analytic matrix between traits, a factor analytic matrix between environments and a genomic relationship matrix between genotypes. A diagonal matrix is then added to enable a different genotype by environment interaction (GEI) pattern for each trait and a different genotype by trait interaction (GTI) pattern for each environment. The results show that the SFA-LMM provides a better fit than separable approaches and a comparable fit to non-separable and partially separable approaches. The distinguishing feature of the SFA-LMM is that it will include fewer parameters than all other approaches as the number of genotypes, traits and environments increases. Lastly, a selection index is used to demonstrate simultaneous selection for overall performance and stability. This research represents an important continuation in the advancement of plant breeding analyses, particularly with the advent of high-throughput datasets involving a very large number of genotypes, traits and environments.
Identification of quantitative trait loci and development of diagnostic markers for growth habit traits in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Fang Yuanjin , Zhang Xinyou , Liu Hua , Wu Jihua , Qi Feiyan , Sun Ziqi , Zheng Zheng , Dong Wenzhao , Huang Bingyan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Key message
QTLs for growth habit are identified on Arahy.15 and Arahy.06 in peanut, and diagnostic markers are developed and validated for further use in marker-assisted breeding.

Abstract
Peanut is a unique legume crop because its pods develop and mature underground. The pegs derive from flowers following pollination, then reach the ground and develop into pods in the soil. Pod number per plant is influenced by peanut growth habit (GH) that has been categorized into four types, including erect, bunch, spreading and prostrate. Restricting pod development at the plant base, as would be the case for peanut plants with upright lateral branches, would decrease pod yield. On the other hand, GH characterized by spreading lateral branches on the ground would facilitate pod formation on the nodes, thereby increasing yield potential. We describe herein an investigation into the GH traits of 521 peanut recombinant inbred lines grown in three distinct environments. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for GH were identified on linkage group (LG) 15 between 203.1 and 204.2 cM and on LG 16 from 139.1 to 139.3 cM. Analysis of resequencing data in the identified QTL regions revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or insertion and/or deletion (INDEL) at Arahy15.156854742, Arahy15.156931574, Arahy15.156976352 and Arahy06.111973258 may affect the functions of their respective candidate genes, Arahy.QV02Z8, Arahy.509QUQ, Arahy.ATH5WE and Arahy.SC7TJM. These SNPs and INDELs in relation to peanut GH were further developed for KASP genotyping and tested on a panel of 77 peanut accessions with distinct GH features. This study validates four diagnostic markers that may be used to distinguish erect/bunch peanuts from spreading/prostrate peanuts, thereby facilitating marker-assisted selection for GH traits in peanut breeding.