bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender-Specific Differences in Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Ge Ruixiang , Shen Jun 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
Few studies concerning aspects of gender-specific differences in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). This study aimed to determine whether gender-specific differences exist in CSDH regarding clinical, radiological characteristics, and prognosis.

Methods:
A total of 585 patients with CSDH were retrospectively identified. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on gender. Clinical, radiological characteristics, and prognosis were compared using Fisher’s exact test or Student t test when applicable. The logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors associated with death in CSDH patients. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to detect the sensitivity and specificity of independent risk factors.

Results:
The average age of women was 71.50±0.92 years, significantly older than 67.30±0.60 years in men. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and uremia were significantly more common in women than in men. Alcohol intake was more in males than in females. CSDH patients in males manifested homogeneous iso-dense and homogeneous hyper-dense was obviously more than that in the females. Although homogeneous hypo-dense and mixed density were significantly more common in the females. The average preoperative hematoma volume of the unilateral CSDH in males was 160.85±3.06 cm3, significantly more than 139.60±5.70 cm3 in females. The mortality of females was 7.4%, higher than 1.7% in males (P=0.004). Female, age, uremia, and recurrence were independent risk factors for death in CSDH patients.

Conclusions:
Gender-specific differences do exist in CSDH. Female, age, uremia, and recurrence were independent risk factors for death in CSDH patients.
Generation of higher harmonics in dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates trapped in periodically modulated potentials
Authors: Bera Jayanta , Batin Abdul Q. , Ghosh Suranjana , Malomed Boris , Roy Utpal 
Published: February 2023

We consider a quasi-one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with contact and long-range dipolar interactions, under the action of the time-periodic modulation applied to the harmonic-oscillator and optical-lattice trapping potentials. The modulation results in generation of a variety of harmonics in oscillations of the condensate’s width and centre-of-mass coordinate. These include multiple and combinational harmonics, represented by sharp peaks in the system’s spectra. Approximate analytical results are produced by the variational method, which are verified by systematic simulations of the underlying Gross–Pitaevskii equation.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Travelling chimeras in oscillator lattices with advective–diffusive coupling
Authors: Smirnov L. , Pikovsky A. 
Published: February 2023

We consider a one-dimensional array of phase oscillators coupled via an auxiliary complex field. While in the seminal chimera studies by Kumamoto and Battogtokh only diffusion of the field was considered, we include advection which makes the coupling left–right asymmetric. Chimera starts to move and we demonstrate that a weakly turbulent moving pattern appears. It possesses a relatively large synchronous domain where the phases are nearly equal, and a more disordered domain where the local driving field is small. For a dense system with a large number of oscillators, there are strong local correlations in the disordered domain, which at most places looks like a smooth phase profile. We find also exact regular travelling wave chimera-like solutions of different complexity, but only some of them are stable.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Comparative study of convection characteristics for a system with deformable interface based on the Navier–Stokes and Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations
Authors: Bekezhanova Victoria B. , Goncharova Olga N. 
Published: February 2023

The right choice of the appropriate mathematical model is crucial for evaluating the physical plausibility of modelling results. The issue of the correct application of the classical Boussinesq approximation for studying the heat and mass transfer in fluidic systems with a deformable boundary is a subject of scientific discussions despite the good agreement of numerous theoretical and numerical results obtained within the convection models based on the Oberbeck–Boussinesq equations with the data of physical experiments and observations. A comparative analysis of the results of numerical simulations in the framework of two-sided models based on the Navier–Stokes equations, and their Boussinesq approximation, is performed in the context of a convection problem in a locally heated two-phase system with a deformable interface. It is demonstrated that the application of the standard Boussinesq approximation allows one to give a consistent description of the effect of interface deformations on combined buoyant–thermocapillary driven fluid motions.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
Pattern formation in Faraday instability—experimental validation of theoretical models
Authors: Dinesh B. , Livesay J. , Ignatius I. B. , Narayanan R. 
Published: February 2023

Two types of resonance-derived interfacial instability are reviewed with a focus on recent work detailing the effect of side walls on interfacial mode discretization. The first type of resonance is the mechanical Faraday instability, and the second is electrostatic Faraday instability. Both types of resonance are discussed for the case of single-frequency forcing. In the case of mechanical Faraday instability, inviscid theory can forecast the modal forms that one might expect when viscosity is taken into account. Experiments show very favourable validation with theory for both modal forms and onset conditions. Lowering of gravity is predicted to shift smaller wavelengths or choppier modes to lower frequencies. This is also validated by experiments. Electrostatic resonant instability is shown to lead to a pillaring mode that occurs at low wavenumbers, which is akin to Rayleigh Taylor instability. As in the case of mechanical resonance, experiments show favourable validation with theoretical predictions of patterns. A stark difference between the two forms of resonance is the observation of a gradual rise in the negative detuning instability in the case of mechanical Faraday and a very sharp one in the case of electrostatic resonance.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
The emergence of spatial patterns for compartmental reaction kinetics coupled by two bulk diffusing species with comparable diffusivities
Authors: Pelz Merlin , Ward Michael J. 
Published: February 2023

Originating from the pioneering study of Alan Turing, the bifurcation analysis predicting spatial pattern formation from a spatially uniform state for diffusing morphogens or chemical species that interact through nonlinear reactions is a central problem in many chemical and biological systems. From a mathematical viewpoint, one key challenge with this theory for two component systems is that stable spatial patterns can typically only occur from a spatially uniform state when a slowly diffusing ‘activator’ species reacts with a much faster diffusing ‘inhibitor’ species. However, from a modelling perspective, this large diffusivity ratio requirement for pattern formation is often unrealistic in biological settings since different molecules tend to diffuse with similar rates in extracellular spaces. As a result, one key long-standing question is how to robustly obtain pattern formation in the biologically realistic case where the time scales for diffusion of the interacting species are comparable. For a coupled one-dimensional bulk-compartment theoretical model, we investigate the emergence of spatial patterns for the scenario where two bulk diffusing species with comparable diffusivities are coupled to nonlinear reactions that occur only in localized ‘compartments’, such as on the boundaries of a one-dimensional domain. The exchange between the bulk medium and the spatially localized compartments is modelled by a Robin boundary condition with certain binding rates. As regulated by these binding rates, we show for various specific nonlinearities that our one-dimensional coupled PDE-ODE model admits symmetry-breaking bifurcations, leading to linearly stable asymmetric steady-state patterns, even when the bulk diffusing species have equal diffusivities. Depending on the form of the nonlinear kinetics, oscillatory instabilities can also be triggered. Moreover, the analysis is extended to treat a periodic chain of compartments.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘New trends in pattern formation and nonlinear dynamics of extended systems’.
The development and usability testing of two arts-based knowledge translation tools for pediatric asthma
Authors: Scott Shannon D. , Hartling Lisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAsthma is the most common chronic condition in children with an estimated 15% of children and youth living with asthma in Canada. Acute asthma exacerbations, or asthma attacks, are the main reason for children to seek emergency care, contributing to financial burdens for families and healthcare systems. This burden highlights opportunities to reduce health system costs and improve patient and family education.We worked with parents of children with asthma to develop and evaluate two digital knowledge translation (KT) tools on asthma. These tools merge the best available research evidence with narratives of parent experiences, and use art and engaging media (video and interactive infographic) to optimize uptake and appeal. Following prototype completion, usability testing was conducted among 60 parents (30 parents per tool) in an urban Alberta emergency department waiting room. Parents viewed the tools on an iPad and answered questions via an electronic survey. Usability was assessed based on nine items with responses on a five-point Likert scale from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Overall, results were positive and the tools were highly rated across most usability items. Mean scores across usability items were 4.13 to 4.63 for the video and 4.10 to 4.43 for the infographic. The scores from the usability testing suggest arts-based digital tools are useful in sharing complex health information with parents about the care of a child with asthma and provide meaningful guidance on how to improve KT tools to better reflect the needs of parents of children with asthma.
A Systematic review and Network Meta-analysis of pharmaceutical interventions used to manage chronic pain
Authors: Shetty Ash , Delanerolle Gayathri , Cavalini Heitor , Deng Chunli , Yang Xiaojie , Boyd Amy , Fernandez Tacson , Phiri Peter , Bhaskar Arun , Shi Jian Qing 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIt is estimated 1.5 billion of the global population suffer from chronic pain with prevalence increasing with demographics including age. It is suggested long-term exposure to chronic could cause further health challenges reducing people’s quality of life. Therefore, it is imperative to use effective treatment options.PurposeWe explored the current pharmaceutical treatments available for chronic pain management to better understand drug efficacy and pain reduction.MethodsA systematic methodology was developed and published in PROSPERO (CRD42021235384). Keywords of opioids,acute pain, pain management, chronic pain, opiods, NSAIDs, and analgesicswere used across PubMed, Science direct, ProQuest, Web of science, Ovid Psych INFO, PROSPERO, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE,ClinicalTrials.govand EMBASE. All randomised controlled clinical trials (RCTs), epidemiology and mixed-methods studies published in English between the 1stof January 1990 and 30thof April 2022 were included.Data synthesisA total of 119 studies were included. The data was synthesised using a tri-partied statistical methodology of a meta-analysis (24), pairwise meta-analysis (24) and network meta-analysis (34).LimitationsSmall sample sizes, lack of uniformity with pain assessments and sub-optimal clinical trial designs were observed within the pooled data.ConclusionChronic pain is a public health problem that requires far more effective pharmaceutical interventions with minimal better side-effect profiles which will aid to develop better clinical guidelines. The importance of understanding ubiquity of pain by clinicians, policy makers, researchers and academic scholars is vital to prevent social determinant which aggrevates issues.
Clinical characteristic and imaging findings of post-infarction left ventricular pseudoaneurysm versus aneurysm: a pooled analysis of 21,472 patients
Authors: Afshar Elmira Jafari , Tayebi Amirhossein , Samimisedeh Parham , Shahnavaz Vahid , Madady Aryan , Rastad Hadith , Hassani Neda Shafiabadi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular pseudoaneurysm (LVPA) is a rare but life-threatening complication of myocardial infarction (MI). Given the similarities in the clinical presentations and the appearance of the cardiac imaging, differentiation of LVPA from left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) remains a challenge but is imperative for timely management. We summarized and compared clinical and imaging findings of post-MI LVPA and LVA.MethodWe performed a comprehensive search of the literature in PubMed and Scopus databases using combinations of key terms covering LVPA / LVA and MI. In both LVA and LVPA, individual-level patient data (IPD) and aggregated-level data (AD) studies were combined through a two-stage analysis method.ResultsWe identified 379 eligible articles on LVPA (N= 504 patients) and 120 on LVA (n= 20,968). Based on our pooled analysis, cases were predominantly male in both groups (70.4%and 75.7 %, respectively), but LVPA patients were roughly older (Mean (95% Confidence interval (CI): (65.4 (62.4, 68.4) vs. 60.8 (58.9, 62.8) years, respectively) and had a shorter mean time interval from MI to diagnosis than LVA (5.1 vs. 27.8, months). At presentation, while 33.8 (95% CI: 22.1, 46.0) of patients with LVA had arrhythmia, only 1.0 % (95% CI: 0.0, 2.9) of LVPA patients presented with this symptom. LVPA compared to the LVA group, more frequently had ST-segment elevation (43.2% Vs. 28.6, respectively) but less frequently ECG signs of the old MI (42.2% Vs. 61.9, respectively). Echocardiography showed a lower diagnostic value in LVPA than LVA (Sensitivity: 81.4% Vs. 97.5%). Contrary to LVA, LVPA is mainly located on posterior and inferior segments based on echocardiography evaluations. On Cardiac MRI, the majority of LVPA patients had pericardial LGE (84.0% (CI 95%: 63.9, 95.5)). A higher percentage of LVPA compared to the LVA group dead during hospitalization (13.8% vs. 4.7%, respectively) or after discharge (17.5%vs. vs. 9.0%, respectively).ConclusionArrhythmia is likely common in LVA patients at presentation but not in LVPA. LVPA is mainly located on the posterior and inferior, and LVA is on the anterior and apical segments. On cardiac MRI, pericardial LGE may suggest the presence of LVPA rather than LVA in suspected patients.
The Role of Neuroimaging in Evolving TBI Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Dennis Emily L , Keleher Finian , Tate David F , Wilde Elisabeth A 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNeuroimaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been widely adopted in the clinical diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly at the more acute and severe levels of injury. Additionally, a number of advanced applications of MRI have been employed in TBI-related clinical research with great promise, and researchers have used these techniques to better understand underlying mechanisms, progression of secondary injury and tissue perturbation over time, and relation of focal and diffuse injury to later outcome. However, the acquisition and analysis time, the cost of these and other imaging modalities, and the need for specialized expertise have represented historical barriers in extending these tools in clinical practice. While group studies are important in detecting patterns, heterogeneity among patient presentation and limited sample sizes from which to compare individual level data to well-developed normative data have also played a role in the limited translatability of imaging to wider clinical application. Fortunately, the field of TBI has benefitted from increased public and scientific awareness of the prevalence and impact of TBI, particularly in head injury related to recent military conflicts and sport-related concussion. This awareness parallels an increase in federal funding in the United States and other countries allocated to investigation in these areas. In this article we summarize funding and publication trends since the mainstream adoption of imaging in TBI to elucidate evolving trends and priorities in the application of different techniques and patient populations. We also review recent and ongoing efforts to advance the field through promoting reproducibility, data sharing, big data analytic methods, and team science. Finally, we discuss international collaborative efforts to combine and harmonize neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, both prospectively and retrospectively. Each of these represent unique, but related, efforts that facilitate closing gaps between the use of advanced imaging solely as a research tool and the use of it in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning and monitoring.
Incidence Measures for Schizophrenia among Commercial Health Insurance and Medicaid Enrollees
Authors: Finnerty Molly T. , Khan Atif , You Kai , Wang Rui , Gu Gyojeong , Layman Deborah , Chen Qingxian , Elhadad Noémie , Joshi Shalmali , Appelbaum Paul S. , Lencz Todd , Markx Sander , Kushner Steven A. , Rzhetsky Andrey 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine and compare the prevalence, incidence, and specificity and positive predictive value of incidence measures in a national commercial insurance database and a state Medicaid database, for different age groups over the life span.MethodsThis cross-sectional study examined the annual prevalence of schizophrenia in 2019 in two databases: a) MarketScan, a United States national commercial insurance database (N= 16,365,997), and b) New York State Medicaid program (N= 4,414,153). A subset of these individuals with 10 years of continuous insurance prior to 2019 (2009-2018) was used to assess incidence and to create a reference standard for incidence measure testing, including positive predictive value and specificity, by age group. Continuous enrollment was required for all years of study (45-day gap allowance per year, and one or more health care services annually to ensure opportunity to be diagnosed).ResultsThe prevalence of schizophrenia in 2019 was 0.13% in MarketScan, and 2.13% in Medicaid. Prevalence was highest in MarketScan among individuals aged 21-25 years. In contrast, prevalence in Medicaid increased over the lifespan, with the peak among those 56-60 years of age. The incidence of new-onset schizophrenia in 2019 was 0.07% in MarketScan and 0.19% in Medicaid and peaked in young adulthood (26-30 years of age) in both databases (0.16% and 0.40%, respectively). Positive predictive value (PPV) for the incidence measures was higher for women than men and increased with longer lookback periods prior to the first schizophrenia diagnosis in 2019. Using a one-year lookback period, the PPV for those ≤35 years of age was 79% in MarketScan and 51% in Medicaid; a ≥95% PPV was achieved with a two-year lookback in MarketScan, and a seven-year lookback period in Medicaid. PPVs were also higher in younger age groups; in Medicaid a two-year lookback period yielded a PPV of 68% for those ≤35 years, but was 94% for those ≤20 years. Specificity was high even for the total population with one year of observation prior to the first schizophrenia diagnosis in 2019, and was higher in Medicaid (92%) than in MarketScan (80%), increasing further with longer lookback periods in both databases.ConclusionsThe prevalence of schizophrenia is over 10-fold higher, and the incidence two-fold higher, in the New York State Medicaid population compared to the MarketScan national commercial insurance database. Within each database, prevalence and incidence varied by sex, age, and duration of insurance. Yet despite these differences, accurate measures of incidence of new-onset schizophrenia could be constructed with high specificity and positive predictive values.
New tuberculosis vaccines in India: Modelling the potential health and economic impacts of adolescent/adult vaccination with M72/AS01Eand BCG-revaccination
Authors: Clark Rebecca A , Weerasuriya Chathika K , Portnoy Allison , Mukandavire Christinah , Quaife Matthew , Bakker Roel , Scarponi Danny , Harris Rebecca C , Rade Kirankumar , Mattoo Sanjay Kumar , Tumu Dheeraj , Menzies Nicolas A , White Richard G 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndia had an estimated 2.9 million tuberculosis cases and 506 thousand deaths in 2021. Novel vaccines effective in adolescents and adults could reduce this burden. M72/AS01Eand BCG-revaccination have recently completed Phase IIb trials and estimates of their population-level impact are needed. We estimated the potential health and economic impact of M72/AS01Eand BCG-revaccination in India and investigated the impact of variation in vaccine characteristics and delivery strategies.MethodsWe developed an age-stratified compartmental tuberculosis transmission model for India calibrated to country-specific epidemiology. We projected baseline epidemiology to 2050 assuming no-new-vaccine introduction, and M72/AS01Eand BCG-revaccination scenarios over 2025–2050 exploring uncertainty in product characteristics (vaccine efficacy, mechanism of effect, infection status required for vaccine efficacy, duration of protection) and implementation (achieved vaccine coverage and ages targeted). We estimated reductions in tuberculosis cases and deaths by each scenario compared to no-new-vaccine introduction, as well as costs and cost-effectiveness from health-system and societal perspectives.ResultsM72/AS01Escenarios were predicted to avert 40% more tuberculosis cases and deaths by 2050 compared to BCG-revaccination scenarios. Cost-effectiveness ratios for M72/AS01Evaccines were around seven times higher than BCG-revaccination, but nearly all scenarios were cost-effective. The estimated average incremental cost was US$190 million for M72/AS01Eand US$23 million for BCG-revaccination per year. Sources of uncertainty included whether M72/AS01Ewas efficacious in uninfected individuals at vaccination, and if BCG-revaccination could prevent disease.ConclusionsM72/AS01Eand BCG-revaccination could be impactful and cost-effective in India. However, there is great uncertainty in impact, especially given unknowns surrounding mechanism of effect and infection status required for vaccine efficacy. Greater investment in vaccine development and delivery is needed to resolve these unknowns in vaccine product characteristics.