bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eastern red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) avoid chemical cues from snake predators regardless of colour morph or snake individual and size
Authors: Smith Geoffrey R. , Wade Adam B. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Plethodontid salamanders often possess the ability to detect and avoid hazards in the environment which may be important for survival. We examined whether the two main colour morphs of Plethodon cinereus differ in their avoidance of cues from a potential predator (Thamnophis sirtalis) and whether P. cinereus avoided cues from T. sirtalis of different sizes (i.e., small vs. large). Plethodon cinereus avoided chemical cues deposited by T. sirtalis on a substrate; but avoidance did not differ between colour morphs of P. cinereus, snake sizes, or individual donor snakes.
Will the Harry Potter Magic Last? Cultural Commodification and Its Contradictions in the Franchising of British Private Schools in China
Authors: Wu Wenxi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Transnational education has attained increasing significance at the K-12 school level. This trend is seen in China with the recent expansion of offshore branch campuses that are exported from major Anglophone countries, most notably the UK. In recent years, many British private schools have set up franchised branches in China’s international school market. This paper investigates how these franchised schools manage to forge a distinctive institutional identity in China, using document analysis of 28 British school brands and case studies of two schools. Informed by the theories of the experience economy and commodity-sign, this paper explores how a “British school experience” is created through the reproduction of particular cultural objects and rituals, and is transformed into a new form of commodity prized for its sign value. I argue that this phenomenon represents an advanced stage of commodification in international schooling. This paper also discusses the internal contradictions between cultural commodification and education, as well as the external challenges that have emerged as the schools confront a changing policy context in China’s private education sector.
China-Australia Tensions and International Higher Education
Authors: Rizvi Fazal 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Until the election of a new Labor Government in Australia in May 2023, the relations between China and Australia had deteriorated markedly, deeply affecting the prospects of educational links between the two countries. While the relations appear to have now improved somewhat, many of the tensions persist. This paper provides an historical overview of the relations between China and Australia, as a way of showing how despite hostile political attitudes the possibilities of friendly relations at people-to-people level have always persisted. This suggests that even within the context of enduring geopolitical tensions, the broader potential of international education should not be overlooked. However, to realize this potential, it is important to consider how internationalization’s moral and political goals of intercultural communication and understanding might be more effectively promoted, beyond its market orientation.
Chinese Globalization: bri and the Future of Higher Education
Authors: Araya Daniel , Peters Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since World War ii, the United States and its allies have overseen a global order built on trade liberalization and the development of a Western model of global integration. That order now appears to be winding down. Beyond the era of “Western hegemony”, Asia is returning to the patterns of commerce and cultural exchange that thrived long before European colonialism and American predominance (Khanna, 2019). Underwriting Asia’s resurgence is the return of China. This paper charts China’s rise and Chinese globalization focusing on China as a global technology leader, detailing ai and Chinese human capital development, before turning to China’s global higher education to provide an interpretation of Chinese Globalization.
Examining the Internationalization Policy of Higher Education in China: Historical Stages, Challenges, and Strategies
Authors: Li Jian , Xue Eryong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This study explores the internationalization policy of higher education in China from multiple perspectives. It examines the contexts of China’s higher education internationalization policy, the historical development of China’s higher education internationalization policy, the problems faced in the implementation of the internationalization policy of higher education in China, and the countermeasures and suggestions, contextually. In addition, the conclusion and remark have been provided in the last.
International Education After the Covid Years: Recovery, Rebuilding, Reimagining - Towards a New Chinese Internationalism
Authors: Peters Michael A. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This synoptic paper enquires into the status of international education after the Covid years in terms of the themes of ‘recovery, rebuilding, reimagining’. It reviews some recent adjustments to international education strategy to recapture the market for international students and looks to unesco’s new social contract for education as a barometer and index for futures of education in a very uncertain world that faces multiple crises. The paper argues that the unesco vision is a strength but must be tempered by a recognition of the shift of gravity in world economy and politics. International education took root based on the values of British and American liberal internationalism. Today it is recommended that scholars in the west also recognize the characteristics and development of Chinese internationalism that has come to inform Chinese international education.
Multiple Perspectives on the Educational Policies on Studying in China During the Epidemic Era
Authors: Li Jian , Li Kun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The scale of China’s study in China has expanded and tended to be stable, the educational level of foreign students has been improved, the funding structure has been changed constantly, and the popularity of majors has been dynamically adjusted. This study analyzes multiple perspectives on the educational policies on studying in China during the epidemic era. New policy for Chinese students to study in China during the epidemic period, illustrations of China’s new policy on studying in China during the epidemic period, and the problems and challenges on studying in China during the epidemic period have been examined in this study. In addition, the conclusion and remark have been offered in this study.
Morphology-controlled stabilised polyaniline nanoparticles and their electrorheological properties
Authors: Allais CP , Foot PJS , Singer RJ 
Published: March 2023

Nanoparticles and sub-microparticles of the conducting polymers polyaniline (PANI), polyanisidine (PoANIS) and their copolymers were synthesised, deprotonated and dispersed in viscous media in order to study the influence of their synthetic conditions and of steric stabilisers (cellulose-based materials) on the physical, chemical and morphological characteristics of the polymers. Electrorheological (ER) measurements were performed and related to the polymer properties. The polymer particles had various loadings of stabilisers, depending on the polymer/stabiliser interactions and the stabiliser concentration. When stabilised with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), the PANI particles contained traces of HEC, while PoANIS, less stabilised by the electron-rich HEC molecules, did not. Stabilised PANI-HEC synthesised at 0°C readily formed small fibres that, when deprotonated, displayed a large electrorheological response (yield stress ca. 800 Pa at 3.2 kV.mm−1). PoANIS prepared under the same conditions yielded a polydisperse cenospheric material with no ER activity.
Multiple Vulnerabilities in Access to and Utilising of Maternal and Child Health Services in India: A Spatial–Regional Analysis
Authors: Mishra Prem Shankar , Syamala T. S. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction Although there are multiple vulnerabilities in the utilisation of maternal and child health (MCH) services in India, research has always been focused on single-dimension vulnerabilities like economic or social vulnerabilities. Individuals who are poor may also face other types of vulnerabilities that together affect access to health services. This article, therefore, investigates the linkages between multiple vulnerabilities and the utilisation of MCH care services. Materials and Methods Data from National Family Health Survey (2015–2016) for India and states were used for analysing the key outcome variables namely women received four or more antenatal care (ANC), institutional delivery, postnatal care (PNC) and full immunisation for children in the age group of 12–23 months. Bivariate analysis and binomial-logistic regression analysis were employed to examine the multiple vulnerabilities on utilising MCH services across three dimensions of vulnerabilities, such as education, wealth and caste. Results Women with multiple vulnerabilities were less likely to utilise essential MCH services. Women who faced vulnerabilities in all three dimensions were less likely to have received four or more ANC and postnatal care than those who were not deprived of any vulnerabilities (0.3 vs. 0.9 and 0.4 vs. 0.8, respectively). They were also less likely to deliver in health facilities and avail child immunisation (0.5 vs. 0.8 and 0.3 vs. 0.7, respectively). Conclusion A multi-sectoral approach is therefore required to deal with the issues of low access and underutilisation of MCH services.
Risk factors for skin injuries in cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheter: A prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Wang Rong , Li Yuan , Xiang Ling , Chen Ke-jian , Wang Xu , Mao Ling-ling , Wei Wen-shi , Wang Xi-feng , Chen Ya-mei , Wang Mei-ling , Liu Ming-hong , Yang Yi-qun 
Published: March 2023

Background: The risk factors for skin injuries remain poorly understood in cancer patients with peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC). We herein aimed at exploring the effect of clinical factors on the risk of PICC-related skin injuries. Methods: We included 1245 cancer patients with PICC from 16 hospitals in Suzhou, China. The study outcome was in-hospital skin injuries, including contact dermatitis, skin (epidermal) stripping, tension injury, allergic dermatitis, skin tear, maceration, folliculitis, and pressure injury. Results: During hospitalization, 274 patients (22.0%) developed skin injuries after prolonged use of an indwelling catheter. Univariable logistic regression analysis identified several risk factors for PICC-related skin injuries; multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors independently and significantly ( p < 0.05) associated with the risk of PICC-related skin injuries: body mass index (BMI, >25 kg/m2 versus <18.5 kg/m2: odds ratio (OR), 1.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–3.11), skin condition (humid vs normal: OR, 2.96; 95% CI, 1.62–5.43), skin indentation (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 3.31–6.58), allergic history (OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.21–3.66), history of dermatitis (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.00–9.28), history of eczema (OR, 3.36; 95% CI, 1.20–9.43), catheter insertion site (under elbow vs. upper arm: OR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.12–9.90), and PICC maintenance interval (4–5 days vs ⩽3 days: OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01–0.50; 5–7 days vs ⩽3 days: OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02–0.31; 7–9 days vs ⩽3 days: OR, 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02–0.57). Conclusions: BMI, skin condition, skin indentation, allergic history, history of dermatitis, history of eczema, catheter insertion site, and PICC maintenance interval were independent risk factors for PICC-related skin injuries in cancer patients. This knowledge will guide future studies with formulating optimal treatment strategies for improving the skin health of cancer patients with PICC.
Prospective multicenter study of a novel endovascular venous anastomotic procedure and device for implantation of an arteriovenous graft for hemodialysis
Authors: Burgess Jason S , Beaver Jason D , London Mark , Rohan Vinayak , Orland Paul , Yevzlin Alexander , Setum Cindy , Ross John ,   InterGraft Study Investigators
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The traditional sutured venous anastomosis used during arteriovenous graft implantation is associated with a high incidence of subsequent stenosis that is attributed to neointimal hyperplasia. Hyperplasia results from multiple factors, including hemodynamic abnormalities and vessel trauma during implantation. A novel anastomotic connector device was designed to provide an alternative, less traumatic, endovascular venous anastomosis that may ameliorate the clinical challenges associated with a sutured anastomosis. A prospective single-arm multicenter study was performed to evaluate safety and effectiveness of graft implantation using the study device. Methods: Patients requiring graft creation and who met the study criteria were enrolled between February 2018 and July 2021 and observed for 6 months. Collected data included baseline characteristics, graft patency and use for hemodialysis, graft interventions, and adverse events. The primary study endpoint was cumulative graft patency, compared to a pre-specified Performance Goal of 75%. Secondary endpoints included primary unassisted patency and serious adverse events, defined as the occurrence of death, graft infection, emergent surgery, significant bleeding, and pseudoaneurysm. Results: A total of 158 patients were enrolled from 10 study sites, among which 144 subjects were evaluable at 6 months and 14 were censored with partial follow-up observation. Three patients died and the graft was abandoned in 12. The primary endpoint was met ( p-value < 0.001). By Kaplan Meier survival analysis, cumulative patency was 92.08% with a lower 95% Confidence Bound of 86.98%. Primary unassisted patency was 60.21% with a lower 95% Confidence Bound of 50.84%. Graft infections occurred in six patients, all unrelated to the study device. There were no reports of emergent surgery, significant bleeding or pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the study device can be used for successful endovascular anastomosis of a vein to a graft for hemodialysis, with acceptable cumulative patency and safety profile at 6 months. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02532621
6A13-T6 high-strength aluminium alloy beams: Test, finite element analysis and design recommendations
Authors: Zhong Chang-jun , Chen Gang , Feng Ruo-qiang , Huang Yong-qi 
Published: March 2023

6A13-T6 high-strength aluminium alloy material has excellent mechanical properties, but the lack of research on its mechanical properties is the biggest obstacle to its application in building engineering. This paper reports the test results of material tensile and member bending and finite element simulation to reveal the constitutive curve, failure mode, and ultimate bearing capacity of 6A13-T6 high-strength aluminium alloy. Specifically, the non-proportional yield strength of 6A13-T6 exceeds 340 MPa, the ultimate strength reaches 352 MPa, and the elongation after fracture is 14.5%. All the tested members have an evident bending phenomenon, and the width-to-thickness ratio determines the significant degree of local buckling. The Chinese code takes too much account of the reduction of section thickness and does not consider the plastic development of the section, so the predicted bearing capacity is conservative. The American code does not fully consider the effect of section plasticity, which is also conservative. The finite element modelling technology adopted is reasonable and feasible. The section can provide a greater bearing capacity when it enters the plastic strengthening stage. The local buckling will limit the bearing capacity, while the plate group effect can improve the bearing capacity of the member. It is suggested to increase the section plastic development coefficient in the Chinese code to 1.15. The results of this survey provide a reference for designers and engineers to use 6A13-T6 conveniently.
Predictors of recurrence after paclitaxel drug-coated balloon use for treating femoropopliteal in-stent restenosis
Authors: Taha Ashraf Gamal , Saleh Mahmoud Ismael , Ali Haitham , Gamal Walid M 
Published: March 2023

Objective Paclitaxel drug-coated balloon (PDCB) angioplasty has been shown to be an effective treatment of in-stent restenosis (ISR) at the femoropopliteal (FP) arteries. Long-term studies, however, have shown a progressive decrease in the patency rates following PDCB. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of stenosis recurrence after PDCB treatment of FP-ISR, and its immediate and mid-term outcomes. Methods This prospective, non-randomized study included all chronic lower extremity ischemia patients of Rutherford class 3–6 who underwent PDCB angioplasty to treat >50% FP-ISR between June 2017 and December 2019. The primary endpoint was primary patency, defined as freedom from binary restenosis and freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (CD-TLR) at 12 months. Secondary endpoints included 12-months freedom from CD-TLR and major adverse events (MAEs). Results A total of 73 symptomatic chronic limb ischemia patients (73 limbs including 63 with limb threatening ischemia) underwent PDCB angioplasty of FP-ISR lesions (13.7% Tosaka class I, 54.8% class II, and 31.5% class III). The mean ISR lesion length was 121.8 ± 52.7 mm. Technical success was achieved in 70 (95.9%) patients. Kaplan–Meier estimate of the 12-months rates of primary patency and freedom from CD-TLR was 76.1% and 87.4%, respectively. At one year, MAEs occurred in eight patients (11.0%) including two deaths (2.7%), one major amputation (1.4%), and six (8.2%) surgical revascularizations. Multivariable analysis showed that Tosaka class III ISR (HR 4.51, CI: 1.31–15.53, p < 0.001) and reference vessel diameter (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.18–080, p = 0.01) were independently associated with recurrent ISR. Conclusions PDCB is safe and effective treatment of FP-ISR lesions. Occlusive ISR lesions and reference vessel diameter were independently associated with recurrent ISR stenosis after PDCB treatment.
Acceptability of a peer-led self-management program for people living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in regional Southern Tasmania in Australia: A qualitative study
Authors: Mudzingwa Innocent Tawanda , Ayton Jennifer E 
Published: March 2023

Objectives People living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in regional communities experience a higher disease burden and have poorer access to support services. This study sought to investigate the acceptability of a peer-led self-management program (SMP) in regional Tasmania, Australia. Methods This descriptive qualitative study, underpinned by interpretivism used semi-structured one-to-one interviews to gather data to explore COPD patients’ views of peer-led SMPs. Purposeful sampling recruited a sample of 8 women and 2 men. Data was analysed using a thematic approach. Results The three final themes, ‘Normality and Living with the disease’, a ‘Platform for sharing’ and ‘Communication mismatch’ suggest that peer-led SMPs could offer an opportunity to share experiences. The themes also suggest that COPD often manifested as a deviation from ‘normal life’. Communication was often felt to be ambiguous leading to tension between the health experts and people living with the condition. Discussion Peer-led SMP has the potential to provide the much-needed support for people living with COPD in regional communities. This will ensure that they are empowered to live with the condition with dignity and respect. Benefits of exchanging ideas and socialisation should not be ignored and may enhance sustainability of SMPs.
Health care associated infections, antimicrobial resistance and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care unit, India: A five-Year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chenchula Santenna , Sadasivam Balakrishnan , Shukla Ajay , Pathan Saman , Saurabh saigal  
Published: March 2023

Background The present study was conducted to study the prevalence of HAIs in a newly established MICU, common microorganisms causing HAIs and their antibiotic-sensitivity profile, and antimicrobial utilization and mortality rate. Methods The present retrospective cohort study was carried out at AIIMS, Bhopal (2015–2019). The prevalence of HAIs was determined; sites of HAIs and common causative microorganisms were identified, and their antibiotic-sensitivity profiles were studied. The group of patients with HAIs was matched with a control group drawn from the pool of patients without HAIs; this matching was done with respect to age, gender, and clinical diagnosis. Antimicrobial utilization, Period of ICU stay, comorbidities and patient mortality rates in the two groups were analyzed. The clinical criteria by the CDC- National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance to diagnose HAIs. Results A total of 281 ICU patients’ records were analyzed. The mean age was 47.21 ± 19.07 years. Of these 89 were found to have developed ICU-acquired HAIs (Prevalance:32%). Bloodstream infections (33%) and respiratory tract infections (30.68%), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (25.56%), and surgical site infections (6.76%) were the commonest. The most frequently isolated microorganism causing HAIs was K. pneumonia (18%), A. baumannii (14%) and E. coli (12%), 31% isolates of which were multidrug resistant. The average length of ICU stay was high in patients with HAIs (13.85 vs 8.2 days). The most common co-morbidity was type 2 diabetes mellitus (42.86%). Prolonged ICU stays [OR 1.13, (95% CI; 0.04–0.10)] and the presence of HAIs [OR 1.18(95%CI; (0.03–0.15)] were associated with an increased risk of mortality Conclusions An increased prevalence of HAIs essentially bloodstream infections and respiratory infections with MDR organisms to antimicrobials in the watch group is highly considerable. Acquisition of HAIs with MDR organisms and increased length of hospital stay are considerable risk factors for increased mortality in ICU-admitted patients. Regular antimicrobial stewardship activities and revising existing hospital infection control policies accordingly may reduce HAIs.
MRI findings of sporadic/simple lymphoepithelial cyst of the parotid gland
Authors: Suto Taketo , Kato Hiroki , Kawaguchi Masaya , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Ando Tomohiro , Shibata Hirofumi , Ogawa Takenori , Noda Yoshifumi , Hyodo Fuminori , Matsuo Masayuki 
Published: March 2023

Purpose This study aimed to determine the MRI features of sporadic/simple lymphoepithelial cyst (SLEC) of the parotid gland. Methods Ten patients (seven men, three women; mean age, 60 years; age range, 38–77 years) with histopathologically and clinically proven SLEC of the parotid gland who underwent MRI before surgical resection were enrolled in this study. No enrolled patient had HIV infection or Sjögren syndrome. MRI findings of SLEC were retrospectively assessed. Results We confirmed 10 SLECs larger than 10 mm with a mean maximum diameter of 26.6 mm (range, 12–42 mm). Nine patients (90%) had a single cyst, and one (10%) had a large cyst accompanied by small cysts (<10 mm) within the ipsilateral parotid gland. Eight SLECs (80%) were unilocular, and two (20%) were bilocular, with complete septa. Among seven SLECs (70%) with internal septa, five unilocular SLECs (50%) had incomplete septa. Six SLECs (60%) had eccentric cyst wall thickening, and five (50%) were surrounded by small solid nodules that were isointense relative to lymph node. On T1-weighted images, all cyst contents were homogeneously hyperintense relative to cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion SLECs of the parotid gland are usually single unilocular lesions. Internal septa, eccentric cyst wall thickening, and small solid nodules surrounding the lesion were often observed. Cyst contents are always homogeneously hyperintense on T1-weighted images.