bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave breaking amplitudes of Langmuir modes in electron-positron-ion-dusty plasmas
Authors: Maity Chandan , Karmakar Mithun 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In contrast to the conventional studies on low frequency dust acoustic or dust ion acoustic waves, the investigation is done here on the wave characteristics of high frequency Langmuir modes in electron-positron-ion-dusty plasmas. In the wave analysis, the electrons, positrons, and ions are considered to follow relativistic dynamics. Whereas negative or positive polarity massive dust grains form a fixed charge neutralizing background. Within the Sagdeev pseudopotential approach, the wave breaking amplitudes of such high frequency oscillations are derived. The wave breaking amplitudes are shown to depend on various system parameters like equilibrium ion-to-electron density ratio, relativistic Lorentz factor associated with the phase velocity of oscillations, etc. It has been demonstrated that, even though the dust grains do not participate in the wave dynamics, the nature of their charge polarity and the values of equilibrium dust density have profound effects on the wave breaking amplitudes. We expect that the results of our investigation in such dusty plasma medium may have some relevance in the space plasma research.
Electrostatic wave propagation and self-streaming effect in an electron-hole plasma
Authors: Elgarawany Amany Z , Gamal Yosr E E-D , El-Hafeez Samy A , Tolba Reda E , Moslem Waleed M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Electrostatic nonlinear waves which transfer energy through the semiconductor are investigated. A quantum hydrodynamic plasma system composed of self-streaming electrons and holes is examined. The basic equations are reduced to one evolution equation called a modified nonlinear Schrödinger (mNLS) equation. The stability and instability regions are studied with respect to the wavenumber and different plasma effects such as degenerate pressure, Bohm potential, and collisions. The mNLS equation is solved analytically to obtain three kinds of nonlinear envelope wave packet modes. It is found that there are different regions of stability and instability depending on various quantum effects. The electrons’ and holes’ self-streaming velocity is studied and manipulated for the three types of nonlinear envelope waves ‘dark soliton, bright soliton, and rogue wave’. The dark envelope wave packet is generated in a stable region. When the electrons and holes streaming velocities become faster, the wave amplitude becomes taller and the pulses have higher frequency. The bright envelope wave packet exists in the unstable region. For low streaming velocities, the rogue wave amplitude becomes shorter, however, when the streaming velocities reach a critical value the amplitude increases suddenly six times. The self-heating could be produced as the tunneling electrons and holes exchange their energy with the lattice, which may decrease the lifetime of the semiconductors. The present results are helpful in realizing the physical solution to the intrinsic heating problem in semiconductors.
Transforming characterization data into information in the case of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Kirchartz Thomas , Das Basita 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In many emerging solar cell technologies, it is a significant challenge to extract the electronic properties of materials and interfaces inside a working device from experimental data. In many cases, approaches frequently used in mature technologies such as crystalline silicon are inapplicable as they require many material parameters to be known a-priori, which is rarely the case for novel materials. Based on this challenge for material and device characterization, this perspective discusses the different strategies for data interpretation that have been developed or are in the process of being developed for the specific case of halide perovskite solar cells. The specific focus of this work is to discriminate between experimental data and strategies to extract useful information from data. This information can then be used to make informed decisions about strategies for process and material innovations.
Acousto-optic Scanning Spatial-switching Multiphoton Lithography
Authors: Jiao Binzhang Jiao , Chen Fayu , Liu Yuncheng , Fan Xuhao , Zeng Shaoqun , Dong Qi , Deng Leimin , Gao Hui , Xiong Wei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Despite of tremendous potential of multiphoton lithography (MPL) in laboratorial and industrial applications, simultaneous achievement of high throughput, high accuracy, high design freedom, and a broad range of material structuring capabilities remains a long-pending challenge. To address the issue, we propose an acousto-optic scanning with spatial-switching multispots (AOSS) method. Inertia-free acousto-optic scanning and nonlinear swept techniques have been developed for achieving ultrahigh-speed and aberration-free scanning. Moreover, a spatial optical switch concept has been implemented to significantly boost the lithography throughput while maintaining high resolution and high design freedom. An eight-foci AOSS system has demonstrated a record-high 3D printing rate of 7.6×10^7 voxel/s, which is nearly one order of magnitude higher than earlier scanning MPL, exhibiting its promise for future scalable 3D nanomanufacturing.
A detailed study of interpretability of deep neural network based top taggers
Authors: Khot Ayush , Neubauer Mark S , Roy Avik 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent developments in the methods of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) allow researchers to explore the inner workings of deep neural networks (DNNs), revealing crucial information about input–output relationships and realizing how data connects with machine learning models. In this paper we explore interpretability of DNN models designed to identify jets coming from top quark decay in high energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We review a subset of existing top tagger models and explore different quantitative methods to identify which features play the most important roles in identifying the top jets. We also investigate how and why feature importance varies across different XAI metrics, how correlations among features impact their explainability, and how latent space representations encode information as well as correlate with physically meaningful quantities. Our studies uncover some major pitfalls of existing XAI methods and illustrate how they can be overcome to obtain consistent and meaningful interpretation of these models. We additionally illustrate the activity of hidden layers as neural activation pattern diagrams and demonstrate how they can be used to understand how DNNs relay information across the layers and how this understanding can help to make such models significantly simpler by allowing effective model reoptimization and hyperparameter tuning. These studies not only facilitate a methodological approach to interpreting models but also unveil new insights about what these models learn. Incorporating these observations into augmented model design, we propose the particle flow interaction network model and demonstrate how interpretability-inspired model augmentation can improve top tagging performance.
Mitigation of nitrogen vacancy photoluminescence quenching from material integration for quantum sensing
Authors: Henshaw Jacob , Kehayias Pauli , Basso Luca , Jaris Michael , Cong Rong , Titze Michael , Lu Tzu-Ming , Lilly Michael P , Mounce Andrew M 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond has demonstrated great promise in a wide range of quantum sensing. Recently, there have been a series of proposals and experiments using NV centers to detect spin noise of quantum materials near the diamond surface. This is a rich complex area of study with novel nano-magnetism and electronic behavior, that the NV center would be ideal for sensing. However, due to the electronic properties of the NV itself and its host material, getting high quality NV centers within nanometers of such systems is challenging. Band bending caused by space charges formed at the metal-semiconductor interface force the NV center into its insensitive charge states. Here, we investigate optimizing this interface by depositing thin metal films and thin insulating layers on a series of NV ensembles at different depths to characterize the impact of metal films on different ensemble depths. We find an improvement of coherence and dephasing times we attribute to ionization of other paramagnetic defects. The insulating layer of alumina between the metal and diamond provide improved photoluminescence and higher sensitivity in all modes of sensing as compared to direct contact with the metal, providing as much as a factor of 2 increase in sensitivity, decrease of integration time by a factor of 4, for NV T
1 relaxometry measurements.
Human milk EV-miRNAs: a novel biomarker for air pollution exposure during pregnancy
Authors: Holzhausen Elizabeth A , Kupsco Allison , Chalifour Bridget N , Patterson William B , Schmidt Kelsey A , Mokhtari Pari , Lurmann Fredrick , Baccarelli Andrea A , Goran Michael I , Alderete Tanya L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Exposure to ambient and near-roadway air pollution during pregnancy has been linked with several adverse health outcomes for pregnant women and their babies. Emerging research indicates that microRNA (miRNA) expression can be altered by exposure to air pollutants in a variety of tissues. Additionally, miRNAs from breast tissue and circulating miRNAs have previously been proposed as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the associations between pregnancy exposures to ambient (PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3) and near-roadway air pollution (total NO
x
, freeway NO
x
, non-freeway NO
x
) with breast milk extracellular vesicle miRNA (EV-miRNA), measured at 1-month postpartum, in a cohort of 108 Latina women living in Southern California. We found that PM10 exposure during pregnancy was positively associated with hsa-miR-200c-3p, hsa-miR-200b-3p, and hsa-let-7c-5p, and was negatively associated with hsa-miR-378d. We also found that pregnancy PM2.5 exposure was positively associated with hsa-miR-200c-3p and hsa-miR-200b-3p. First and second trimester exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 was associated with several EV-miRNAs with putative messenger RNA targets related to cancer. This study provides preliminary evidence that air pollution exposure during pregnancy is associated with human milk EV-miRNA expression.
Colonial Compensation and the Judicial Process: South Korea–Japan Disputes Revisited
Authors: Kim Marie Seong-Hak 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Recent disputes between the Republic of Korea and Japan over colonial compensation have dealt a severe blow to their bilateral relations. In 2018, the Supreme Court of Korea ordered two Japanese corporations to pay damages to Korean laborers who had been forced to work at their factories under Japanese rule. The judgments, which ran directly counter to the earlier rulings of the Japanese Supreme Court for the same parties, reflected longstanding disagreement over the legality of Japan’s annexation of Korea in 1910 and differences of interpretation concerning the 1965 treaties that restored diplomatic relations. Examination of judicial decisions in South Korea over the years indicates that the forced-laborer compensation issue had consistently been viewed as an internal problem, until it became an issue in domestic and judicial politics. In early 2023, the South Korean government announced that it would no longer demand that Japanese companies compensate Korean plaintiffs, who would instead be paid from a government fund. The forced laborer litigation and its aftermath have revealed the limits of the judicial process in resolving historical problems surrounding South Korea–Japan relations in ways that may be relevant to efforts around the globe to redress past injustices through adjudication.
P107 Clinical priorities when treating psoriasis: insights from a real-world data study of tildrakizumab
Authors: Becher Gabrielle , Stephen Karen , McInnes Alison , Heald Adrian , Riley Paul , Davies Mark , Ali Murad , Kasujee Ismail 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Achieving clear skin when treating psoriasis is the clinical priority for some clinicians, but it may not be the priority for all patients; wellbeing may be more important. To gain insights into the relative importance of clear skin for wellbeing, we retrospectively reviewed real-world data from four specialist dermatology departments in England and Scotland. We assessed the evolution in absolute Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores in 122 adults treated with tildrakizumab for plaque psoriasis, to determine whether a reduction in PASI scores to &lt; 3 or &lt; 1 was needed to achieve a DLQI of 1 or 0. Mean age was 49 years (range 17–82). Median time since diagnosis was 18 years (range 4–67). Median time on treatment with tildrakizumab was 9 months (range 1–21). At baseline, the median PASI score was 12 (range 0–40) and median DLQI was 20 (range 0–30). The proportion of patients with PASI &lt; 3 increased from 6% at baseline to 60% at final visit, and with PASI &lt; 1 from 3% to 48%. The proportion of patients with PASI &lt; 1 was greater for patients having &gt; 52 weeks of data (61%) than for patients having &gt; 28 weeks of data (52%). The median DLQI score at baseline was 20 (range 0–30) and that at final visit was 1 (range 0–22). The proportion of patients with a DLQI of 0 or 1 increased from 4% at baseline to 54% at final visit. The proportion of patients with a DLQI of 0 or 1 was no different for patients having &gt; 52 weeks of data (52%) than for patients having &gt; 28 weeks of data (56%). An improvement in the PASI score to &lt; 1 or &lt; 3 was accompanied by a reduction in DLQI to 1 or 0, but it was not a requirement. Tildrakizumab demonstrated substantial improvement in psoriasis signs and in patient quality of life comparable with other interleukin (IL)-23 inhibitors in UK clinical practice. The PASI score decreased and was maintained in line with the thinking that IL-23p19 antagonists such as tildrakizumab have good survival. An improvement in the PASI score to &lt; 1 or &lt; 3 may not be necessary for a patient to feel that their life is unaffected by their psoriasis. It may be prudent for clinicians to prioritize patient wellness and durability of treatment rather than aim for clear skin in every patient.
Funding sources: Almirall.
Suffering Illness as an Ascetic: Lessons for Women in Pain
Authors: Stahl Devan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Women’s pain remains underappreciated, undertheorized, and undertreated in both medicine and theology. The ascetic practices of women in pain, however, can help Christians understand and navigate their own pain and suffering, particularly because they are experienced in the context of chronic illness and disability. In what follows, I argue that Christians would do better to view the pain that accompanies disability and chronic illness as a potential resource for spiritual practice rather than an example of sin or evil. I begin with a brief overview of the most common theological explanations for the relationship between disability and sin within contemporary Christian writings on disability. What is often neglected in these conversations is the acknowledgment of pain in the disability experience. Likewise, discussions of evil often attempt to explain the existence of pain and suffering, but rarely address the practical realities of pain. As a way to begin to remedy the lack of attention to the experience of chronic pain for those living with illness and disability, I consider what it would mean to live faithfully with pain by examining the lives of three holy women who provide examples of what it means to interpret, manage, and share their pain within the body of Christ.
The effects of inversion polymorphisms on patterns of neutral genetic diversity
Authors: Charlesworth Brian 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The strong reduction in the frequency of recombination in heterozygotes for an inversion and a standard gene arrangement causes the arrangements to become partially isolated genetically, resulting in sequence divergence between them and changes in the levels of neutral variability at nucleotide sites within each arrangement class. Previous theoretical studies on the effects of inversions on neutral variability have assumed either that the population is panmictic or that it is divided into 2 populations subject to divergent selection. Here, the theory is extended to a model of an arbitrary number of demes connected by migration, using a finite island model with the inversion present at the same frequency in all demes. Recursion relations for mean pairwise coalescent times are used to obtain simple approximate expressions for diversity and divergence statistics for an inversion polymorphism at equilibrium under recombination and drift, and for the approach to equilibrium following the sweep of an inversion to a stable intermediate frequency. The effects of an inversion polymorphism on patterns of linkage disequilibrium are also examined. The reduction in effective recombination rate caused by population subdivision can have significant effects on these statistics. The theoretical results are discussed in relation to population genomic data on inversion polymorphisms, with an emphasis on Drosophila melanogaster. Methods are proposed for testing whether or not inversions are close to recombination–drift equilibrium, and for estimating the rate of recombinational exchange in heterozygotes for inversions; difficulties involved in estimating the ages of inversions are also discussed.
African Gowns and Turkish Buttons: Global Horizons of Material Expertise in a German Town
Authors: Hahn Philip 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article enquires into how townspeople in early modern Germany invested objects of foreign origin with meaning in the context of urban material culture. The basis of the argument are two interconnected case studies from Ulm in south-west Germany. The first part analyses how the seventeenth-century merchant Christoph Weickmann made sense of African artefacts which he displayed to visitors in his cabinet of curiosities, showing that his appreciation of them was closely linked to contemporary urban notions, regimes and practices of sartorial distinction. The second part zooms in on another object from Weickmann’s collection, a prayer chain with ‘Turkish’ buttons, the actual origin of which he kept secret. The biography of this object can, however, be reconstructed from the surviving narrative of its maker, Hans Ulrich Krafft, a patrician from Ulm who learned the craft of button-making and besides excelled at repairing mechanical clocks during his captivity in Tripoli in the 1570s. In his narrative, Krafft boasted about his skills as an artisan, but the manuscript was kept in the family. Nor did Weickmann, who later acquired some of the buttons made by Krafft, disclose their story, which would not have befitted a member of the patriciate. The two case studies thus demonstrate how the ‘foreignness’ of such artefacts was just one of several layers of meaning and value that were produced by the local urban community in interaction with the material qualities of the objects.
O-039 Fertilization: Mechanisms of pronuclear migration and genome unification
Authors: Cavazza T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Most early human embryos contain aneuploid cells. Aneuploidy often arises during the early mitotic divisions of the embryo, but its origin remains elusive. Human zygotes that cluster their nucleoli at the pronuclear interface are thought to be more likely to develop into healthy euploid embryos.
I will present data showing how the parental genomes cluster with nucleoli in each pronucleus in human and bovine zygotes. Parental genome clustering is required for the reliable unification of the parental genomes after fertilization. During the migration of intact pronuclei, the parental genomes polarize toward each other in a process driven by centrosomes, dynein, microtubules, and nuclear pore complexes. The maternal and paternal chromosomes eventually cluster at the pronuclear interface, in close proximity to each other, yet separated. Parental genome clustering ensures the rapid unification of the parental genomes upon nuclear envelope breakdown. However, clustering often fails, leading to chromosome segregation errors and micronuclei that are incompatible with healthy embryonic development.
In summary, our data reveal why nucleolar clustering correlates with the formation of healthy euploid embryos. In addition, we used automated analysis of nucleolar trajectories and clustering. Our results support the use of nucleolar clustering as a parameter to identify zygotes with higher developmental potential.
O-051 Refreezing and rebiopsy – are these worth it?
Authors: Verpoest W 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Preimplantation genetic testing of embryos offers the opportunity to avoid the transmission of hereditary disorders to the offspring by selecting out embryos affected by a single gene mutation or mutations (PGT-M), structural rearrangements of chromosomes (PGT-SR), aneuploidy (PGT-A) as well as polygenic risk (PGT-P). Over the last two decades, laboratory techniques have seen tremendous developments including extended embryo culture to blastocyst stage, trophectoderm biopsy and vitrification. The latter technique is highly efficient and allows multiple freezing and warming cycles when performed in proficient laboratories. At the same time whole genome analysis techniques provide the opportunity to analyse embryonic DNA in great detail for multiple indications simultaneously.
The PGT process is sensitive to both biological and technical issues which sometimes lead to a failed PGT result. Failure of PGT diagnosis is reported to occur in between 2-12% of PGT cycles depending on the methodology used. The main causes of inconclusive diagnosis are DNA amplification failure and non-concurrent results. Independent variables that influence inconclusive results are day of embryo biopsy, number of cells taken at biopsy and the quality of the IVF laboratory. In order to seize every opportunity in reaching a diagnosis and optimize reproductive outcome for the patient, rebiopsy and retesting (double biopsy and double cryopreservation) can be performed. In situations where embryos need to be biopsied for PGT for reasons of newly found genetic indications or the clinical need for PGT-A, and after an initial cryopreservation, single biopsy and double cryopreservation may be performed with potential effect on subsequent reproductive outcome.
A limited number of studies have addressed both the feasibility as well as the success rate of rebiopsy and refreezing. Most studies conclude that the technique is efficient in terms of diagnostic efficiency and reproductive outcome, when performed in expert laboratories. A few studies have addressed the health of the children after multiple biopsy and multiple freezing and have not shown increased risks. Larger studies are needed to establish the true clinical and health-economic value of rebiopsy and refreezing. The speaker will give an overview of existing evidence in literature and assess whether it is safe and worthwile to go the extra mile and consider refreezing and rebiopsy for PGT.

Trial registration number
XXXX