bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twelve-Month Follow-up of the Immune Response After COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Genitourinary Cancers: A Prospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Meza Luis , Zengin Zeynep , Salgia Sabrina , Malhotra Jasnoor , Karczewska Ewa , Dorff Tanya , Tripathi Abhishek , Ely Jennifer , Kelley Erin , Mead Heather , Hsu JoAnn , Dizman Nazli , Salgia Nicholas , Chawla Neal , Chehrazi-Raffle Alex , Muddasani Ramya , Govindarajan Ameish , Rock Adam , Liu Sandy , Salgia Ravi , Trent Jeffrey , Altin John , Pal Sumanta K 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Vaccinations against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have had a transformative impact on morbidity and mortality. However, the long-term impact of vaccination on patients with genitourinary cancers is currently unknown.

Materials and Methods
This study aimed to assess seroconversion rates in patients with genitourinary cancers receiving COVID-19 vaccination. Patients with prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, or urothelial cancer who had not been vaccinated for COVID-19 were included. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and after 2, 6, and 12 months of one dose of an FDA-approved COVID-19 vaccine. Antibody titer analysis was performed using the SCoV-2 Detect IgG ELISA assay, and the results were reported as immune status ratio (ISR). A paired t-test was used for comparison of ISR values between timepoints. In addition, T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing was performed to assess for differences in TCR repertoire 2 months after vaccination.

Results
Out of 133 patients enrolled, 98 baseline blood samples were collected. At 2-, 6-, and 12-month time points 98, 70, and 50 samples were collected, respectively. Median age was 67 (IQR, 62-75), with the majority of patients diagnosed with prostate (55.1%) or renal cell carcinoma (41.8%). Compared to baseline (0.24 [95% CI, 0.19-0.31]) a significant increase in the geometric mean ISR values was observed at the 2-month timepoint (5.59 [4.76-6.55]) (P &lt; .001). However, at the 6-month timepoint, a significant decrease in the ISR values was observed (4.66 [95% CI, 4.04-5.38]; P &lt; .0001). Notably, at the 12-month timepoint, the addition of a booster dose resulted in an absolute increase in the ISR values compared to those who did not receive a booster dose (P = .04).

Conclusions
Only a minority of patients with genitourinary cancers did not ultimately achieve satisfactory seroconversion after receiving commercial COVID-19 vaccination. Cancer type or treatment rendered did not appear to affect the immune response mounted after vaccination.
Retrospective Analysis With Propensity Score Matching of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Treated Frontline With Brentuximab Vedotin and Chemotherapy
Authors: Burke John M , Liu Nicholas , Yu Kristina S , Fanale Michelle A , Surinach Andy , Flores Carlos , Lisano Julie , Phillips Tycel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background
Since Food and Drug Administration approval of brentuximab vedotin in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (A + CHP) as initial therapy for previously untreated CD30-expressing peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL), there has been limited research on real-world patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and clinical outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed claims of patients with PTCL treated with frontline A + CHP or CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) using the Symphony Health Solutions database. Adults with International Classification of Diseases-9/10 PTCL diagnosis codes who initiated A + CHP or CHOP between November 2018 and July 2021 were included. A 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was performed that adjusted for potential confounders between groups.

Results
A total of 1344 patients were included (A + CHP, n = 749; CHOP, n = 595). Before matching, 61% were men; median age at index was 62 (A + CHP) and 69 (CHOP) years. The most common A + CHP-treated PTCL subtypes were systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL; 51%), PTCL-not otherwise specified (NOS; 30%), and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL; 12%); the most common CHOP-treated subtypes were PTCL-NOS (51%) and AITL (19%). After matching, similar proportions of patients treated with A + CHP and CHOP received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (89% vs. 86%, P = .3). Fewer patients treated with A + CHP received subsequent therapy than CHOP overall (20% vs. 30%, P &lt; .001) and specifically with the sALCL subtype (15% vs. 28%, P = .025).

Conclusions
Characteristics and management of this real-world PTCL population who were older and had a higher comorbidity burden than that in the ECHELON-2 trial demonstrate the importance of retrospective studies when assessing the impact of new regimens on clinical practice.
Synergistic action of the Arabidopsis spliceosome components PRP39a and SmD1b in promoting posttranscriptional transgene silencing
Authors: Bazin Jérémie , Elvira-Matelot Emilie , Blein Thomas , Jauvion Vincent , Bouteiller Nathalie , Cao Jun , Crespi Martin D , Vaucheret Hervé 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Besides regulating splicing, the conserved spliceosome component SmD1 (Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1)b promotes posttranscriptional silencing of sense transgenes (S-PTGS [post-transcriptional genesilencing]). Here, we show that the conserved spliceosome component PRP39 (Pre-mRNA-processing factor 39)a also plays a role in S-PTGS in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, PRP39a and SmD1b actions appear distinct in both splicing and S-PTGS. Indeed, RNAseq-based analysis of expression level and alternative splicing in prp39a and smd1b mutants identified different sets of deregulated transcripts and noncoding RNAs. Moreover, double mutant analyses involving prp39a or smd1b and RNA quality control (RQC) mutants revealed distinct genetic interactions for SmD1b and PRP39a with nuclear RQC machineries, suggesting nonredundant roles in the RQC/PTGS interplay. Supporting this hypothesis, a prp39a smd1b double mutant exhibited enhanced suppression of S-PTGS compared to the single mutants. Because the prp39a and smd1b mutants (i) showed no major changes in the expression of PTGS or RQC components or in small RNA production and (ii) do not alter PTGS triggered by inverted-repeat transgenes directly producing dsRNA (IR-PTGS), PRP39a, and SmD1b appear to synergistically promote a step specific to S-PTGS. We propose that, independently from their specific roles in splicing, PRP39a and SmD1b limit 3′-to-5′ and/or 5′-to-3′ degradation of transgene-derived aberrant RNAs in the nucleus, thus favoring the export of aberrant RNAs to the cytoplasm where their conversion into double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) initiates S-PTGS.
Chlamydomonas mutants lacking chloroplast TRIOSE PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER3 are metabolically compromised and light sensitive
Authors: Huang Weichao , Krishnan Anagha , Plett Anastasija , Meagher Michelle , Linka Nicole , Wang Yongsheng , Ren Bijie , Findinier Justin , Redekop Petra , Fakhimi Neda , Kim Rick G , Karns Devin A , Boyle Nanette , Posewitz Matthew C , Grossman Arthur R 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Modulation of photoassimilate export from the chloroplast is essential for controlling the distribution of fixed carbon in the cell and maintaining optimum photosynthetic rates. In this study, we identified chloroplast TRIOSE PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR 2 (CreTPT2) and CreTPT3 in the green alga Chlamydomonas (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), which exhibit similar substrate specificities but whose encoding genes are differentially expressed over the diurnal cycle. We focused mostly on CreTPT3 because of its high level of expression and the severe phenotype exhibited by tpt3 relative to tpt2 mutants. Null mutants for CreTPT3 had a pleiotropic phenotype that affected growth, photosynthetic activities, metabolite profiles, carbon partitioning, and organelle-specific accumulation of H2O2. These analyses demonstrated that CreTPT3 is a dominant conduit on the chloroplast envelope for the transport of photoassimilates. In addition, CreTPT3 can serve as a safety valve that moves excess reductant out of the chloroplast and appears to be essential for preventing cells from experiencing oxidative stress and accumulating reactive oxygen species, even under low/moderate light intensities. Finally, our studies indicate subfunctionalization of the TRIOSE PHOSPHATE/PHOSPHATE TRANSLOCATOR (CreTPT) transporters and suggest that there are differences in managing the export of photoassimilates from the chloroplasts of Chlamydomonas and vascular plants.
Polarized Politics: Protest Against COVID-19 Containment Policies in the USA
Authors: Pfaff Katharina Gabriela , Plümper Thomas , Neumayer Eric 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Protest against containment policies in U.S. states is fueled by two drivers: the stringency of containment policies and the partisan control over the governorship and legislatures in each state. In our analysis of the period from March 2020 to March 2022, we find more protest events in states fully controlled by Democrats than in Republican controlled states both in a sample consisting of all states and a balanced sample in which we constrain observations to those red and blue states with on average similarly stringent containment policies. Protest was therefore politicized, and we find that partisanship exerts a roughly equal substantive effect on the number of protest events as the stringency of containment policies. If we assume no direct effect of partisanship on protest but allow for causal heterogeneity along partisan lines in the effect of containment policies, we find that the same increase in the stringency of policies evokes a stronger protest response in blue states than in red states.
In your face: a comparative field experiment on racial discrimination in Europe
Authors: Polavieja Javier G , Lancee Bram , Ramos María , Veit Susanne , Yemane Ruta 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We present the first large-scale comparative field experiment on appearance-based racial discrimination in hiring conducted in Europe. Using a harmonized methodology, we sent fictitious résumés to real vacancies in Germany, the Netherlands and Spain, randomly varying applicants’ ethnic ancestry (signaled foremost by name) and applicants’ racial appearance (signaled by photographs). Applicants are young-adult country nationals born to parents from over 40 different countries of ancestry (N = 12 783). We examine average differences in callback across four phenotypic groups and four regions of ancestry and present the first cross-country comparable estimates of appearance-based racial discrimination reported in the field-experimental literature. We find that applicants’ phenotype has a significant and independent effect on employers’ responses in Germany and the Netherlands, whereas in Spain we only find evidence of hiring discrimination for particular combinations of phenotype and ancestry, which suggests a less direct and more complex effect of phenotype in this country. Implications are discussed.
The usefulness of the exercise stress test to predict outcome in patients with chronic Chagas disease: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Grassi Luciano Vaccari , Neto Augusto Cardinalli , Nogueira Paulo Roberto , Silva Elissandro de Freitas , Bestetti Reinaldo Bulgareli 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Background
Risk stratification is paramount for treatment of patients with chronic Chagas disease (CCD). The exercise stress test (EST) may be useful in the risk stratification of patients with this condition, but few studies have been performed in patients with CCD.

Methods
This was a longitudinal, retrospective cohort study. A total of 339 patients followed at our institution from January 2000 to December 2010 were screened. A total of 76 (22%) patients underwent the EST. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of all-cause mortality.

Results
Sixty-five (85%) patients were alive and 11 (14%) patients died by the study's close. In the univariate analysis, decreased systolic blood pressure (BP) at the peak of exercise and the double product were associated with all-cause mortality. However, in the multivariate analysis, only systolic BP at the peak of exercise was independently associated with all-cause mortality [hazard ratio 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 0.99), p=0.02].

Conclusion
Systolic BP at the peak of EST is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with CCD.
Are Final Residency Milestones Correlated With Early Fellowship Performance in Pediatrics?
Authors: Reed Suzanne , Mink Richard , Stanek Joseph , Tyrrell Laura , Li Su-Ting T. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
Milestones have been used to assess trainees across graduate medical education programs and reflect a developmental continuum from novice to expert. This study examined whether residency milestones are correlated with initial fellowship milestone performance in pediatrics.

Method
This retrospective cohort study used descriptive statistics to assess milestone scores from pediatric fellows who began fellowship training between July 2017 and July 2020. Milestone scores were obtained at the end of residency (R), middle of the first fellowship year (F1), and end of the first fellowship year (F2).

Results
Data represent 3,592 unique trainees. High composite R scores, much lower F1 scores, and slightly higher F2 scores were found over time for all pediatric subspecialities. R scores were positively correlated with F1 scores (Spearman ρ = 0.12, P < .001) and F2 scores (Spearman ρ = 0.15, P < .001). Although scores are negligibly different when trainees graduate from residency, there were differences in F1 and F2 scores among fellows in different specialties. Those who trained at the same institution for residency and fellowship had higher composite milestone F1 and F2 scores compared with those who trained at different institutions (P < .001). The strongest associations were between R and F2 scores for the professionalism and communication milestones, although associations were still relatively weak overall (rs = 0.13–0.20).

Conclusions
This study found high R scores and low F1 and F2 scores across all shared milestones, with weak association of scores within competencies, indicating that milestones are context dependent. Although professionalism and communication milestones had a higher correlation compared with the other competencies, the association was still weak. Residency milestones may be useful for individualized education in early fellowship, but fellowship programs should be cautious about overreliance on R scores due to the weak correlation with F1 and F2 scores.
Training for Adaptive Expertise: Why, What, and How
Authors: Branzetti Jeremy , Hopson Laura R. , Gisondi Michael A. , Regan Linda 
Published: March 2023

Background
Routine expertise is the efficient use of mastered skills at a high level of competency in familiar situations.

Problem
Novel case variation and continuous scientific advances preclude reliance on routine expertise alone.

Solution
Medical training programs must prepare learners to solve unfamiliar problems by cultivating adaptive expertise. Adaptive expertise is the ability to transfer existing knowledge to innovate a solution for an unfamiliar problem.
Proximal Junction Failure in Spine Surgery: Integrating Geometrical and Biomechanical Global Descriptors Improves GAP Score-Based Assessment
Authors: Rasouligandomani Morteza , del Arco Alex , Pellisé Ferran , González Ballester Miguel A. , Galbusera Fabio , Noailly Jérôme 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective observational study.

Objective.
Biomechanical and geometrical descriptors are used to improve global alignment and proportion (GAP) prediction accuracy to detect proximal junctional failure (PJF).

Summary of Background Data.
PJF is probably the most important complication after sagittal imbalance surgery. The GAP score has been introduced as an effective predictor for PJF, but it fails in certain situations. In this study, 112 patient records were gathered (57 PJF; 55 controls) with biomechanical and geometrical descriptors measured to stratify control and failure cases.

Patients and Methods.
Biplanar EOS radiographs were used to build 3-dimensional full-spine models and determine spinopelvic sagittal parameters. The bending moment (BM) was calculated as the upper body mass times, the effective distance to the body center of mass at the adjacent upper instrumented vertebra +1. Other geometrical descriptors such as full balance index (FBI), spino-sacral angle (SSA), C7 plumb line/sacrofemoral distance ratio (C7/SFD ratio), T1-pelvic angle (TPA), and cervical inclination angle (CIA) were also evaluated. The respective abilities of the GAP, FBI, SSA, C7/SFD, TPA, CIA, body weight, body mass index, and BM to discriminate PJF cases were analyzed through receiver operating characteristic curves and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC).

Results.
GAP (AUC = 0.8816) and FBI (AUC = 0.8933) were able to discriminate PJF cases but the highest discrimination power (AUC = 0.9371) was achieved with BM at upper instrumented vertebra + 1. Parameter cutoff analyses provided quantitative thresholds to characterize the control and failure groups and led to improved PJF discrimination, with GAP and BM being the most important contributors. SSA (AUC = 0.2857), C7/SFD (AUC = 0.3143), TPA (AUC = 0.5714), CIA (AUC = 0.4571), body weight (AUC = 0.6319), and body mass index (AUC = 0.7716) did not adequately predict PJF.

Conclusion.
BM reflects the quantitative biomechanical effect of external loads and can improve GAP accuracy. Sagittal alignments and mechanical integrated scores could be used to better prognosticate the risk of PJF.
Why Are Some Intervertebral Discs More Prone to Degeneration?
Authors: Cheung Samuel Tin Yan , Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , Cheung Jason Pui Yin 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Prospective observational study.

Objective.
To determine the prevalence of isolated thoracic degeneration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demographic factors and imaging features, as well as the patient-reported quality of life outcomes associated with this condition.

Summary of Background Data.
Thoracic intervertebral discs are least susceptible to disc degeneration (DD) and may represent a manifestation of “dysgeneration.” These discs may never be hydrated from the beginning and seem hypointense on MRI.

Patients and Methods.
A population-based MRI study of 2007 volunteers was conducted. Each disc from C2/3 to L5/S1 was measured by Pfirrmann and Schneiderman grading. Disc herniation, Schmorl node (SN), high-intensity zones (HIZ), and Modic changes were studied. DD was defined by Pfirrmann 4 or 5. patient-reported quality of life scores, including a 36-item short-form questionnaire and visual analog scale for low back pain, were recorded. Subjects were divided into “isolated thoracic degeneration” (only thoracic segment) and “tandem thoracic degeneration” (thoracic with other segments). The association between imaging findings and isolated thoracic degeneration was determined using multivariate logistic regression.

Results.
The mean age of the subjects was 50.0 ± 0.5 and 61.4% were females (n = 1232). Isolated thoracic degeneration was identified in 2.3% of the cohort. Factors associated with isolated thoracic degeneration included lower age, C6/7 HIZ, T8/9 HIZ, and T8/9 SN. Factors associated with tandem thoracic degeneration included L4/5 posterior bulging. The thoracic and lumbar tandem degeneration group demonstrated higher bodily pain, despite a lower visual analog scale, and a higher physical component score of the 36-item short form.

Conclusions.
Isolated thoracic degeneration demonstrated an earlier age of onset, mostly involving the mid-thoracic region (T5/6–T8/9), and in association with findings such as SN. Subjects with tandem thoracolumbar degeneration had less severe lumbar DD and low back pain as compared with those with isolated lumbar degeneration. This paints the picture of “dysgeneration” occurring in the thoracic and lumbar spine.

Level of Evidence.
1.
Reoperation Rates Due to ASD following Primary 1-2 level MIS vs. Open TLIF
Authors: Galetta Matthew S. , Lorentz Nathan A. , Lan Rae , Chan Calvin , Zabat Michelle A. , Raman Tina , Protopsaltis Themistocles S. , Fischer Charla R. 
Published: March 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data

Objective.
To investigate the effect of the approach of the TLIF (open vs. MIS) on reoperation rates due to ASD at 2 – 4 year follow up

Summary of Background Data.
Adjacent segment degeneration (ASDeg) is a complication of lumbar fusion surgery which may progress to adjacent segment disease (ASD) and cause debilitating postoperative pain potentially requiring additional operative management for relief. Minimally invasive (MIS) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery (TLIF) has been introduced to minimize this complication but the impact on ASD incidence is unclear.

Methods.
For a cohort of patients undergoing 1- or 2-level primary TLIF between 2013 and 2019, patient demographics and follow-up outcomes were collected and compared between patients who underwent open versus MIS TLIF using Mann Whitney U test, Fischer’s exact test, and binary logistic regression.

Results.
238 patients met inclusion criteria. There was a significant difference in revision rates due to ASD between MIS and open TLIFs at 2 (5.8% vs. 15.4%, P=0.021) and 3 (8% vs. 23.2%, P=0.03) year follow up, with open TLIFs demonstrating significantly higher revision rates. Surgical approach was the only independent predictor of reoperation rates at both 2 and 3 year follow ups (2-year P=0.009; 3-year P=0.011).

Conclusion.
Open TLIF was found to have a significantly higher rate of reoperation due to ASD compared to the MIS approach. Additionally, surgical approach (MIS vs. Open) appears to be an independent predictor of reoperation rates.
Creating 2 Unique Platelet-rich Plasma Products From a Single Batch of Whole Blood With a Single Processing Kit
Authors: Baria Michael R. , DiBartola Alex C. , Woods Karen , Valentas Lok , Vasileff W. Kelton , Durgam Sushmitha 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is effective for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and certain tendinopathies. Current recommendations support the use of leukocyte-poor PRP for OA and leukocyte-rich PRP for tendinopathy. If a patient presents with both OA and tendinopathy, very few systems can create multiple PRP products in the same treatment session. The Angel device processes multiple cycles to produce different PRP products.

Methods:
Ten healthy volunteers donated 156 mL whole blood (WB) that was mixed with 24 mL of anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution, solution A. The first PRP was produced by processing 120 mL at the 0% hematocrit setting and the second PRP was created by processing the remaining 60 mL at the 15% hematocrit setting. WB and PRP underwent complete blood counts and growth-factor analysis.

Results:
Ten patients donated WB for processing. The 0% setting yielded 3.7 ± 0.15 mL PRP, whereas the 15% setting produced 4.7 ± 0.33 mL. The 0% and 15% settings both concentrated platelets significantly more than WB (1101.5 ± 281.7 K/uL and 1357.8 ± 363.7 vs 184.3 ± 39.1 K/uL, P = 0.000). The 0% setting reduced total leukocytes, but this was not statistically significant. The 15% setting concentrated total leukocytes to 24 ± 8.72 K/uL, which was significantly higher than WB (P = 0.000). Neutrophil concentration was significantly reduced in the 0% PRP compared with 15% (0.032 ± .02 vs 6.75 ± 5.76 K/uL, P = 0.000).

Discussion:
Two unique PRP products were created from the same batch of WB using a single commercial kit by processing aliquots at different settings.