bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Automatic Non-Destructive External and Internal Quality Evaluation of Mango Fruits based on Color and X-ray Imaging with Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Classification Models
Authors: Vani Ashok  , Bharathi R K  , Sheela N  
Published: September 2023

Quality evaluation of food products, agricultural produce to be specific, has gained momentum from past few decades due to the increased awareness among consumers across the world. This has resulted in the increased emphasis on the development and use of quality assessment techniques in food industry. Moreover, there is a need to automate the quality monitoring of agricultural produce like fruits and vegetables which is otherwise done manually in developing countries hence labor intensive, time consuming and subjective in nature. This paper presents an empirical analysis to build a rapid, robust, real-time, non-destructive computer vision based quality assessment model for mango fruits. The work employs the automatic disease classification of mango fruits based on machine and deep learning models. Firstly, the dataset of colored mango fruits images with 2279 images falling into three classes and another dataset of soft X-ray images of mango fruits with 572 images belonging to two quality classes are developed for detecting external and internal defects, respectively. The multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP NN) with two hidden layers, which may be considered as the starting point for deep learning technique, is proposed as machine learning model to classify the color images of mango fruits into one of three external quality classes with 95.1% accuracy and also to classify the soft X-ray images into two internal quality classes with 97.5% accuracy. In order to step out of feature engineering, actual deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) models, a customized CNN model and pre-trained CNN models, VGGNet (VGG16) and DenseNet121 were also explored for mango disease classification. The maximum validation accuracy of custom CNN was found to be with 91.52% and 98.7% for color and augmented X-ray images, respectively. The classification accuracy of pre-trained models were found to be reasonably good for the color images but exhibited high variability in results and made it difficult to draw a general conclusion for the proposed datasets. However, the proposed MLP NN model based on few basic intensity and geometric features and also the proposed customized CNN model were found to be the best models and they outperform the state of the art reported in the literature.
Stability of constitutional structures and identity amidst ‘political settlement’: lessons from Kenya and Israel
Authors: Roznai Yaniv , Okubasu Duncan M. 
Published: September 2023

In 2021, two dramatic judgments were handed down in Kenya’s Court of Appeals (CoA) and the Israeli Supreme Court. In Kenya, the CoA upheld a ruling from the High Court that had found the Constitution Amendment Bill of 2020 – aimed to implement the Building Bridges Initiatives (BBI) – unconstitutional and void, inter alia, for violating the basic structure of the constitution. Politically, this was a blow to the BBI initiative, a key project for President Uhuru Kenyatta and opposition leader Raila Odinga. It is assumed that the real purpose of the initiative, beside ‘reconciliation’, was expansion of executive power by allowing both leaders to form a coalition for the sake of winning the 2022 general elections.
About the same time, in Israel, after the March 2020 election did not lead to a clear result that would allow one of the two major competing parties to form a coalition, an agreement to form a unity government of the two was reached. Yet, in light of a deep distrust between the parties, a strong legal anchoring was needed. This led to a major constitutional amendment that transformed the system of government and established a ‘rotating government’ model which created a new position of ‘Alternate Prime Minister’ alongside the serving prime minister. This tailor-made constitutional reform served a political purpose of the two leaders to form a government.
In both countries, the sought constitutional change was challenged before courts. Yet, while in Kenya, courts stopped the constitutional transformation, the Israeli court did not intervene. This article reviews both case studies in order to draw broad lessons on how political settlement may overcome constitutional rigidity and abuse the amending process for dismemberment of the constitution, and how courts may function as a veto institution that can be a useful countermeasure against radical change to constitutional structures and identity.
Early detection of tuberculosis using hybrid feature descriptors
and deep learning network
Authors: Verma Garima , Kumar Ajay , Dixit Sushil 
Published: September 2023

PurposeTo detect tuberculosis (TB) at an early stage by analyzing chest X-ray images using a deep neural network, and to evaluate the efficacy of proposed model by comparing it with existing studies.Material and methodsFor the study, an open-source X-ray images were used. Dataset consisted of two types of images, i.e., standard and tuberculosis. Total number of images in the dataset was 4,200, among which, 3,500 were normal chest X-rays, and the remaining 700 X-ray images were of tuberculosis patients. The study proposed and simulated a deep learning prediction model for early TB diagnosis by combining deep features with hand-engineered features. Gabor filter and Canny edge detection method were applied to enhance the performance and reduce computation cost.ResultsThe proposed model simulated two scenarios: without filter and edge detection techniques and only a pre-trained model with automatic feature extraction, and filter and edge detection techniques. The results achieved from both the models were 95.7% and 97.9%, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed study can assist in the detection if a radiologist is not available. Also, the model was tested with real-time images to examine the efficacy, and was better than other available models.
PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA FILM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PPKN
Authors: WAHYUTI WAHYUTI 
Published: September 2023

The use of the problem based learning model assisted by film media is expected to increase students' self-confidence and curiosity while making learning more enjoyable. In this way, students will easily understand learning concepts and have an impact on improving learning outcomes. This classroom action research aims to improve the quality of the learning process and improve PPKn learning outcomes on human rights material as well as evaluating whether teachers have carried out innovative learning. The application of the problem based learning model with the help of film media can improve the quality of the learning process and learning outcomes for students at SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri. This is shown by the increase in the average class score and the level of learning completion of students. The average classical score increased from 74.43 at the end of the Cycle I learning action, to 79.37 at the end of the Cycle II learning action. Learning completeness also increased from 68.57% in Cycle I, increasing to 91.43% in Cycle II. This research concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning model assisted by films can improve the quality of the learning process and PPKn learning outcomes on human rights material for students in class
ABSTRAKPenggunaan model problem based learning berbantuan media film diharapkan mampu meningkatkan rasa percaya diri dan rasa ingin tahu peserta didik sekaligus membuat pembelajaran lebih menyenangkan. Dengan demikian peserta didik akan mudah memahami konsep pembelajaran dan berdampak pada peningkatan hasil belajar. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini mempunyai tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran dan meningkatkan hasil belajar PPKn materi hak asasi manusia serta mengevaluasi guru apakah sudah melakukan pembelajaran secara inovatif. Penerapan pembelajaran model problem based learning dengan berbantuan media film dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar pada peserta didik SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya nilai rata-rata kelas dan tingkat ketuntasan belajar peserta didik. Nilai rata-rata klasikal mengalami peningkatan dari 74,43 pada akhir tindakan pembelajaran Siklus I, menjadi 79,37 pada akhir tindakan Siklus II. Ketuntasan belajar juga mengalami peningkatan dari 68,57% pada Siklus I, meningkat menjadi 91,43% pada Siklus II. Penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan Pembelajaran Model Problem Based Learning berbantuan film dapat meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar PPKn materi hak asasi manusia pada peserta didik kelas XI DPIB C SMK Negeri 2 Wonogiri semester 1 tahun pelajaran 2022/2023.
A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY ON CYCLIC TETRASULFIDE AS A SULFUR DONOR AND CO-AGENT FOR RUBBER CROSSLINKING
Authors: Butuc Gina , Swart Jose , Simons Marcel , van Velde Jan , van Leerdam Kees , Rossenaar Brenda , Talma Auke , Blume Anke 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Sulfur donors are used commonly in rubber crosslinking, usually in conjunction with elemental sulfur. In the crosslinking process, sulfur donors release in situ free sulfur. The difference between two sulfur donors, bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)-tetrasulfide (TESPT) and cyclic tetrasulfide (CTS), both of which contain at least one tetrasulfidic group in the molecule, is analyzed. Chemical model studies are deployed to assess the chemical reactivity of the two molecules. The difference in reactivity of the two sulfur donors was observed in chemical model studies in reaction with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, as followed by Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the products of reaction. These studies represent a fundamental analysis and comparison between the two tetrasulfidic compounds, and the findings of these experiments can be extrapolated to crosslinking processes in rubber.
Wireless Sensor Network Based Early Fire Detection System
Authors: Rashmi Priyadarshini Rupali Mahajan, 
Published: September 2023

Every year millions of hectares of forest are devastated by fire. Forest fires may occur due to Natural causes or Man-made causes. Natural causes include lightning which set trees on fire, High atmospheric temperatures and dryness (low humidity). Man-made causes include naked flame, cigarette or bidi, electric spark or any source of ignition that comes into contact with inflammable material. Reason could be any, but important is forest fire causes huge damage to forest and nature. Infact, fires on large scales cause air pollution, mar quality of stream water, threaten biodiversity and spoil the aesthetics of an area. Forest fire causes imbalances in nature and endangers biodiversity by reducing faunal and floral wealth. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods for timely detection of forest fire so that damage is minimum. Existed methods for forest monitoring and fire detection are traditional and based on human observation, satellite imaging, use of digital cameras. There are several drawbacks associated with them such as inefficiency, power consumption, latency, accuracy and implementation costs. Therefore, to address these problems the deployment of automatic fire detection system is necessary to allow early and fast fire extinction. In this paper we present an early fire detection system based on Wireless Sensor Network.
Cholinergic cognitive enhancer effect of Salvia triloba L. essential oil inhalation in rats
Authors: ERTOSUN Gulsah Beyza , ERGEN Mehmet , BARDAKCI Hilal , BARAK Timur Hakan , SUYEN Guldal 
Published: September 2023

Objective: Current treatment of Alzheimer’s disease is provided by cholinesterase inhibitors. Salvia triloba L. (syn. Salvia fruticosa Mill.),
a species mostly consumed as refreshing herbal tea in traditional medicine, is rich in 1,8-cineole that is known to have cholinesterase
inhibiting effects. In this study, we investigated cognitive enhancer effects of S. triloba essential oil inhalation on healthy control rats
and rats with scopolamine induced memory impairment.
Materials and Methods: S. triloba samples from different geographical locations of Turkey were hydro-distilled and analyzed by Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The optimum sample with the highest 1,8-cineole and lowest camphor, α-thujone and
β-thujone content was selected. In vitro cholinergic and antioxidant potentials of the selected essential oil were calculated. Cognitive
enhancer and anti-amnestic effects of the inhaled essential oil on rats were assessed by means of Morris water maze. The bioavailability
of 1,8-cineole in blood of rats was measured by GC-MS.
Results: The group that inhaled S. triloba significantly outperformed control group, namely faster achieving peak escape latency
performance in Morris water maze. However, S. triloba inhalation failed to restore scopolamine induced learning impairment.
Conclusion: In this study, we report positive effects of inhaling S. triloba essential oil as a complementary treatment for supporting
cognitive functions.
Farmer Participation in IP400 Rice Cultivation in Kebakkramat District Karanganyar Regency
Authors: Naomi Natalia Widiastuti  , Eny Lestari  , Putri Permatasari  
Published: September 2023

IP400 program is one of the efforts to increase national rice production. Farmer participation is an indicator of the success of the IP400 program. This study aims to describe the socio-economic characteristics of farmers, determine the level of farmer participation, and analyze the relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and the level of farmer participation. The method used is a descriptive quantitative data analysis method in the form of rank spearman. The results showed that the majority of respondents were of productive age, had junior high school education, attended 5-6 counseling sessions and 3-4 training sessions a year, cultivated 3,001-4,500 m² of land, worked as farmers for 16-25 years and implemented IP400 1-2 years, an average income of IDR 5,000,000,00 per planting season, the role of extension agents as motivators, educators, and dynamists is very high, while the role of extension workers as facilitators is quite high; the level of participation is categorized as high at all three stages; there is a significant relationship between the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and the level of farmer participation, except for the formal educationf and land area.
Adequação do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes de Hylocereus polyhizus
Authors: Da Silva Jacqueline Barcelos , Almeida Andréia da Silva , Figueiredo Josiane Cantuária , Gonçalves Vanessa Pinto , Martins Andrea Bicca Noguez , De Tunes Lílian Vanussa Madruga , Santos Isabela Oliveira , RIBEIRO R. C. F. 
Published: September 2023

O teste de tetrazólio é amplamente utilizado para estimar a viabilidade de sementes de várias espécies. No entanto, a eficiência do teste de tetrazólio para avaliação da viabilidade de sementes depende do desenvolvimento de um método adequado para cada espécie. Diante do exposto, objetivo do trabalho foi propor uma metodologia para avaliação da viabilidade em sementes de Hylocereus polyhizus pelo teste de tetrazólio. Para a pesquisa foram utilizados três lotes de sementes de pitaia e testadas quatro concentrações de sal de tetrazólio (0,075%; 0,1%; 0,25% e 0,5%) para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes. As sementes foram analisadas individualmente e classificadas como viáveis ou não viáveis. Paralelamente, foram conduzidos testes de germinação e primeira contagem da germinação para a caracterização inicial dos lotes. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. O teste de tetrazólio conduzido na concentração de 0,075% a uma temperatura de 40 ºC por 2 horas é eficiente para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de Hylocereus polyhizus, bem como para diferenciar lotes com qualidades fisiológicas distintas.
Moderating Effect of Independent Directors on the Relationship between Chief Executive Officers Characteristics and Performance of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Yunusa Ibrahim , Abubakar Mohammed Babakatun , Umar Mohammed Maidugu 
Published: September 2023

The study examined the moderating effect of independent directors on the relationship between Chief Executive Officers characteristics and performance of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used and panel data was collected from the audited annual financial statements of thirteen listed DMBs in Nigeria for a period of 2014-2022. Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method of Panel Regression, Fixed and Random Effects was employed in its estimations with the aid of STATA Software Version 14. Performance is dependent variable proxied by Return on Assets and Tobin’s Q, the independent variable is CEO characteristics proxied by CEO tenure, CEO gender, CEO age, CEO educational level, CEO financial expertise, CEO duality, CEO political connection and CEO ownership, the moderating variable is independent directors while board size and bank size are the control variables. The study found that CET, CEG, CEE, CFE, CPC, IDD and CEO have significant positive effect on banks performance, CEA has significant negative effect on banks performance while CED has non-significant positive effect on performance of listed DMBs in Nigeria. Also, the study found that independent directors did not only have a positive and significant direct effect on bank performance, but it also moderates the relationship between CEO characteristics and DMBs performance. However, the study recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should make it mandatory for DMBs in Nigeria to have a board majorly composed of independent directors since their presence on board strengthens the relationship between CEO characteristics and banks performance.
الرسوم الصخرية في الصحراء الليبية دراسة في الجغرافية التاريخية
Authors: محمد محمد حميميد 
Published: September 2023

قال تعالى: ( والله جعل لكم مما خلق ظلا وجعل لكرتين الجبال أ ما وجعل لكم سبيل تقيم الحویل تیگر بأنك كذلك يته يمته. عليكم المملكم شلون ) [النحل: 81]
الصحراء الليبية رقعة من صحراء واسعة، اتخذ الإنسان جبالها أكنانة منذ أقدم العصور، كما اتخذ سهولها موطن"، إذ تشير الكثير من الدراسات المتخصصة إلى أن أفريقيا تعد الموطن الأول لظهور الإنسان لدفء مناخها ووفرة مياهها وأمطارها وغاباتها وأحراشها المتشابكة بظلها وثمارها.ومن هذه الجبال التي اتخذها الإنسان موطنا في عصور ما قبل التاريخ جبال أكاكوس التي هي سلسلة جبلية ذات امتداد مستطيل من الشمال إلى الجنوب تبعد عن مدينة غات أقصى جنوب غرب الجماهيرية بحوالي مائتي كيلو متر، ويصل ارتفاعها إلى (1400 متر) فوق مستوى سطح البحر وتضم هذه الجبال سلسلة من الكهوف والمخابئ التي تحوي في أطرافها الداخلية «ضروب من الفن الصخري الصحراوي،
الاحتياط عند الإمام مالك دراسة تأصيلية تطبيقية
Authors: شقرون* د . محمد 
Published: September 2023

الاحتياط ثابت معتبر، وهو من مسالك الاجتهاد ومدارك الحكــم عنـد انتفاء الدليل الأصلي وكذا عند مثار الشبه والشكوك ومواطن التعارض فيأوي المجتهد إلى مهيع الاحتياط، لأنه أبعد من العطب، وأسلم للدين وأبـرأ للعهدة والذمة، كمـا يلجأ إليه المكلف في الامتثال طلبا لليقين وراحة النفس، فمــن قـيــل لـه إن في طريقك سبعا أو لصوصا كان الواجب عليه الأخذ بالحزم وترك الإقدام على سلوكها حتى يتبين أمرها.
وإعمال الاحتياط موافق لمقصد الشارع في المحافظة على مصالح الأحكـام ومـبـنـي عـلـى النـظـر فـي مـآلات الأفعال، والأدلة الجزئية ناطقة باعتبــار الشــارع للاحتياط في تشريع الأحكام وإن لم يوجد نص صريح بالاحتياط لكن جملـة مـن الأدلة الشرعية بلغت مبلغ العلم والقطع تدل على حجية الاحتياط.
"حتى" في القرآن الكريم بين الوظائف النحوية والدلالية
Authors: البقار تهاني جمعة 
Published: September 2023

الحمد لله رب العالمين، والصلاة والسلام على نبينا محمد صاحب اللسان الفصيح والنهج السديد، وبعد: فإن للأدوات النحوية تصرفاً مهمًا في التراكيب والأساليب النحوية، وكذلك في فهم المعاني والدلالات وتنوّعها، وقد اهتم الأوائل بهذه الأدوات، وأفردوا لها دراسات مستقلّة، وخصّوها بأبواب منفردة، وهذه الأدوات تختلف باختلاف أنواعها، وتعدّد مهامها وأدوارها؛ لذا رأيت أن أخوض غمار البحث في هذا الجانب بدراسة إحدى هذه الأدوات النحوية، ألا وهي " حتى" تحت عنوان: " حتى" في القرآن الكريم بين الوظائف النحوية والدلالية " نماذج مختارة".
الترويع في الفقه الجنائي وأثره في مجال الكليات الخمس
Authors: غديفان هبة الله محمود 
Published: September 2023

هدف البحثُ إلى بيان ما إذا كان الترويع جريمةً يُعاقب عليها الشرع أم لا. وتحليل آراء الفقهاء ومقارنتها, وبيانِ أدلتهم والترجيح ببيان رأيّ الباحثة في كلّ مسألة. واسْتخدم لتحقيق ذلك المنهجُ التحليلي المقارن, من نتائجِ البحث تبيّن أنّ الترويعَ جريمة يعاقب عليها الشرع بإسقاطه على أركان الجريمة ومطابقته لها, إذا ترتّب عليه هلاكُ نفسٍ أو هلاكُ ما دون النفس أو هتك عرضٍ, أمّا الترويعُ الذي يترتّبُ عليه إتلافُ مالٍ فلا يعتبر جريمة, وتكون العقوبة تبعاً للضرر الذي تركه الترويع في نفس المجني عليه, كوجوب القصاص على من روّع شخص وأدى ذلك إلى موته عند المالكية إن كان بينهما عداوة والشافعية في قول, وجوب الدية على من روّع شخص وأدّى ذلك إلى موته عند جميع الفقهاء -بما في ذلك المالكية على غير وجه العداوة- ,وجوب الضمان على من روّع شخصاً وأدّى ذلك إلى إتلافِ ماله. ومن التوصيات المختصين بالفقه الجنائي الإسلامي تقنينُ أحكام جريمةِ الترويع على شكل مواد قانونية على غرار مواد مجلة الأحكام العدلية؛ ليسهلَ إصدار الأحكام من قبل القضاة.
صورة المرأة في وسائل الإعلام السمعية والبصرية نموذج تطبیقی
Authors: القبائلي لطفية القبائلي 
Published: September 2023

يطول الحديث حول وسائل الإعلام وأثرها الايجابي والسلبي، فالإعلام ممارسة حياتية يومية تطورت مع تطور الحضارة الإنسانية، بل خاضت مسار التطور الطبيعي بالكثير من المراحل، حيث أصبح الإعلام اليوم يمتلك من قوة وعوامل التأثير والضغط والتحكم ما يؤهله لصنع الحدث والتحضير له في الوقت نفسه.
ودون الإسهاب في المقدمـة اخترت أن أدخل في صلب الموضوع مباشرة، وهو صورة المرأة في وسائل الإعلام السمعية والبصرية، وقد اعتمدت في هذه الورقة المتواضعة الأسلوب السسيولوجي في تحليل صورة المـرأة في وسائل الإعـلام السمعية والبصرية.
معالم النظام القانوني لتعدد الزوجات في التشريع العربي بين حق الزوجة في الاستئثار بزوجها وحق المرآة غير المتزوجة في الحصول على زوج
Authors: محسن صالح الطيب 
Published: September 2023

تقديم : (تحليل الإشكالية، وتحديد المنهجية) نظام تعدد الزوجات بعامة يمكن وصفه بأنه نظام قديم ومتجدد. وسر اكتسابه هـذه الخصيصة ارتباطه بعلاقة حيوية ينزع إليها الإنسان ذكرا كـان أو أنثى بفطرته، ويتطلع إليها من المحافظة على الذات، وديمومة الوجود النسبي، وتجسد تكاملا لنوعى خلق الإنسان في إطار خصائصه في الذكورة والأنوثة، تلك العلاقة هي الزواج تأسيسا على أن التعدد صورة من صوره.
كما يمكن القول أيضا إن الزواج هو الوسيلة المشروعة لبناء الأسرة، وأن بناء الأسرة من أقدس حقوق الإنسان كما تؤكد على ذلك كافة النظم التشريعية. ففي التشريع الليبي - مثلا - تم التأكيد على هذا المعنى من خلال نصوص الوثيقة الخضراء الكبرى لحقوق الإنسان في عصر الجماهير. فقد جاء في فقرتها العشرين
أن أبناء المجتمع الجماهيري يؤكدون أنه من أقدس حقوق الإنسان أن ينشأ في أسرة متماسكة فيها أمومة وأبوة وأخوة...)، وفي فقرتها الحادية والعشرين نصت على (أن الزواج مشاركة متكافئة بين طرفين متساويين...). ونصت المادة الخامسة والعشرين من القانون رقم: 20 لسنة 1991 م بشأن تعزيز الحرية على أنه: (لكل مواطن ومواطنة الحق في تكوين أسرة أساسها عقد النكاح القائم على رضا الطرفين ولا تحل إلا برضاهما أو بحكم المحكمة المختصة). ولأن التعدد صورة من صور الزواج، والزواج وسيلة لبناء الأسرة ، وبناء الأسرة حق مقدس أمكن وصف هذه الدراسة بأنها دراسة تتم في آفاق حقوق الإنسان.