bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersion and persistence in the competitive balance of North American major leagues 1960–2019
Authors: Gerrard Bill , Kringstad Morten 
Published: August 2023

PurposeThis paper focuses on the proliferation of empirical measures of competitive balance arising from its multi-dimensionality (i.e. win dispersion versus performance persistence), and the increasing complexity and specificity of league structures. This has led to significant inconsistencies in the assessments of competitive balance, rendering it difficult to derive policy recommendations.Design/methodology/approachThe authors extend previous empirical studies of the four North American major leagues (i.e. MLB, NFL, NBA and NHL) using six competitive balance measures to (1) compare changes in competitive balance over the period 1960–2019; (2) to investigate the degree to which win dispersion and performance persistence move in the same direction; and (3) to explore the extent to which competitive balance has changed across facility construction eras and regulatory regimes.FindingsThe authors find that the assessment of competitive balance is both metric-dependent and time-dependent, reinforcing the importance of using a portfolio of measures rather than a single metric. The findings also highlight the importance of understanding the dispersion-persistence relationship.Originality/valueThe authors stress that leagues must be aware of a potential dispersion-persistence trade-off when intervening to improve competitive balance.
Managing the emerging role of generative AI in next-generation business
Authors: Dencik Jacob , Goehring Brian , Marshall Anthony 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Since the release of ChatGPT by OpenAI in November 2022 – with its ability to create compelling, relevant content, new large language model (LLM) technology – business leaders, especially CEOs, are being pressured to accelerate new generative AI investments. IBM IBV surveyed executives to assess their progress and concerns and their adoption strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
Adoption of generative AI is still in its very early stages. Most organizations are only beginning to figure out how and where to make use of it. In fact, as few as 6 percent of executives in new surveying conducted by the IBM Institute for Business Value say they are operating generative AI in their enterprise today.

Findings
In contrast to many peoples’ expectations about AI, automating tasks is not the top priority for executives looking to tap generative AI to grow business value. Looking at benefits by function, research and innovation is the primary area where organizations see opportunities for generative AI.

Practical implications
IBM IBV's recent survey of executives found that the key barriers to the effective deployment and use of generative AI are linked to security, privacy, ethics, regulations and economics – not access to the underlying technology itself.

Originality/value
Organizations will have to evaluate where in their enterprise the potential gains and cost efficiencies outweigh the risks of possible errors or unintended consequences from the use of generative AI along with broader ethical considerations. Ecosystems expand generative AI opportunities to harness data, insights and technology capabilities from across partners and stakeholders while enabling control over the capabilities that are most central to an organization’s value proposition.
Phosphate kinetic modeling as an estimate of daily ingested phosphate in hemodialysis patients with or without residual kidney function
Authors: Samaan Emad , Nagah Mohammed , El Said Ghada 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimDaugirdas suggested a 2‐pool phosphate kinetic model based on his previously established urea kinetic model. The current study aims to assess the level of agreement between the modeled daily ingested phosphorus (DIP) values and the routine method of dietary recall calculations in hemodialysis patients.MethodThe study was conducted on 100 hemodialysis patients; 50 were anuric, and the others had residual kidney function (RKF). The level of correlation and agreement between the dietary calculated and modeled DIP were assessed in both study groups.ResultsA statistically significant positive correlation existed between the calculated and modeled DIP (r = 0.79 for the anuric group, r = 0.84 for the RKF group, p < 0.001). There was a significant level of agreement between calculated and modeled DIP in RKF patients only.ConclusionThese findings suggest that phosphate modeling can estimate phosphate intake in RKF patients and be cost‐effective in their management.
Analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane block versus paravertebral block in lung surgeries—A non‐inferiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Andrade Filho Pedro Hilton de , Pereira Victor Egypto , Sousa Daniel da Escossia Melo , Costa Ladyer da Gama , Nunes Yuri Pinto , Taglialegna Giovani , de Paula‐Garcia Waynice Neiva , Silva Joao Manoel 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPain management plays an essential role in postoperative recovery after lung surgeries. The Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) is a widely used regional anaesthesia technique; however, few clinical trials have compared this block to active control in thoracic surgeries. This study evaluated the non‐inferiority of the analgesia provided by ESPB when compared to paravertebral block (PVB) in lung surgeries.MethodsRandomised, active‐controlled, blinded for patients and assessors, non‐inferiority trial. Patients who underwent unilateral lung surgeries were divided into two groups according to the regional anaesthesia technique—continuous ESPB or PVB at the T5 level. The primary outcome was to assess pain using a numerical rating scale (NRS) with a test of the interaction of three measures over 24 h postoperatively. An NRS score ≥ 7 was considered analgesia failure, and the prespecified non‐inferiority margin was 10%.ResultsIn the interim analysis that terminated this study, 120 participants were enrolled. ESPB patients reported higher mean NRS general values over 24 h, 4.6 ± 3.2 in the ESPB group versus 3.9 ± 2.9 in the PVB group, with a difference of −0.67 (−15.2%) and 95%CI: −1.29 to −0.05 (p = .02), demonstrating not non‐inferiority. In addition, the ESPB group presented higher NRS failure of analgesia over 24 h (p < .01) and required more postoperative opioids (p = .01 over 24 h). There was no difference in patient satisfaction between groups.ConclusionThis trial demonstrated that a continuous erector spinae plane block was not non‐inferior to a continuous paravertebral block for analgesia after lung surgery but resulted in higher levels of postoperative pain and opioid consumption.
Managing magnets: An audit of introduction of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine Best Practice Guideline
Authors: McLeish S. , Harwood R. , Decker E. , Almond S. , Hall N. J. , Durand C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimTo evaluate management of children and young people presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with magnet ingestion before and after new guidance.MethodsIn May 2021, a National Patient Safety Agency and Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM) Best Practice Guideline about management of ingested magnets was published. This was implemented in our department. Children and young people presenting after magnet ingestion were identified from SNOMED (coded routinely collected data) and X‐ray requests between January 2016 and March 2022. Management was compared to national guidance.ResultsThere were 138 patient episodes of magnet ingestion, with a rising incidence over the 5‐year period. Following introduction of the guideline, there was a higher incidence of admission (36% vs. 20%) and operative intervention (15.7% vs. 8%). Use of follow‐up X‐ray increased from 56% to 90%. There was substantial variation in the management prior to guidance which reduced after introduction of the RCEM guidance.ConclusionManagement of magnet ingestion has become more standardised since introduction of the National RCEM Best Practice Guideline, but there is still room for improvement.
Predicting climate change impacts on critical fisheries species in Fijian marine systems and its implications for protected area spatial planning
Authors: Lawson Katherine N. , Lang Karina M. , Rabaiotti Daniella , Drew Joshua 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimSpatially explicit protections of coastal habitats determined on the current distribution of species and ecosystems risk becoming obsolete in 100 years if the movement of species ranges outpaces management action. Hence, a critical step of conservation is predicting the efficacy of management actions in future. We aimed to determine how foundational, habitat‐building species will respond to climate change in Fiji.LocationThe Republic of Fiji.MethodsWe develop species distribution models (SDMs) using MaxEnt, General Additive Models and Boosted Regression Trees and publicly available data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to predict changes in distribution of suitable habitat for mangrove forests, coral habitat, seagrass meadows and critical fisheries invertebrates under several IPCC climate change scenarios in 2070 or 2100. We then overlay predicted distribution models onto existing Fijian protected area network to assess whether today's conservation measures will afford protection to tomorrow's distributions.ResultsWe found that mangrove suitability is projected to decrease along the Coral Coast and increase northward towards the Yasawa Islands due to precipitation changes. The response of seagrass meadows was predicted to be inconsistent and dependent on the climate scenario. Meanwhile, suitability for coral reefs was not predicted to decline significantly overall. The mangrove crab Scylla serrata, an important resource for fisherwomen in Fiji, is projected to increase in habitat suitability while economically important sea cucumber species will have highly variable responses to climate change.Main conclusionsSpecies distribution models are a critical tool for conservation managers, as linking spatial distribution data with future climate change scenarios can aid in the creation and resiliency of protected area programmes. New protected area designations should consider the future distribution of species to maximize benefits to those taxa.
Sweet dreams are made of this: The need for narrowly tailored statutory protection for documented dreamers
Authors: Fontanetta Emily 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe growing backlog of immigrant visa petitions and legal permanent resident adjustment applications is a harsh reality of the American dream. Dependent children of immigrants can wait decades for their parents' visas to become current, only to age out of dependent status before stepping foot on American soil. Dependent children of nonimmigrants seeking to become legal permanent residents age out before their parents' adjustment application is approved – leaving them at risk of removal. This Note proposes a temporary visa status for these dependents, allowing them to maintain legal status in America and remain with their parents.
Estimating the hospital costs of care for people living with HIV in England using routinely collected data
Authors: Miners Alec , Lampe Fiona C. , Cambiano Valentina , Schwenk Achim , Rodger Alison , Sadique Zia , Rein Sophia , Delpech Valerie , Phillips Andrew N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the health care activity and associated hospital costs of caring for people living with HIV is an important component of assessing the cost effectiveness of new technologies and for budget planning.MethodsData collected between 2010 and 2017 from an English HIV treatment centre were combined with national reference costs to estimate the rate of hospital attendances and costs per quarter year, according to demographic and clinical factors. The final dataset included records for 1763 people living with HIV, which was analysed using negative binomial regression models and general estimating equations.ResultsPeople living with HIV experienced an unadjusted average of 0.028 (standard deviation [SD] 0.20) inpatient episodes per quarter, equivalent to one every 9 years, and 1.85 (SD 2.30) outpatient visits per quarter. The unadjusted mean quarterly cost per person with HIV (excluding antiretroviral drug costs) was £439 (SD 604). Outpatient appointments and inpatient episodes accounted for 88% and 6% of total costs, respectively. In adjusted models, low CD4 count was the strongest predictor of inpatient stays and outpatient visits. Low CD4 count and new patient status (having a first visit at the Trust in the last 6 months) were the factors that most increased estimated costs. Associations were weaker or less consistent for demographic factors (age, sex/sexual orientation/ethnicity). Sensitivity analyses suggest that the findings were generally robust to alternative parameter and modelling assumptions.ConclusionA number of factors predicted hospital activity and costs, but CD4 cell count and new patient status were the strongest. The study results can be incorporated into future economic evaluations and budget impact assessments of HIV‐related technologies.
Cutting performance and wear characteristics of Si3N4–SiCw–HfB2 ceramic cutting tools in turning of ductile cast iron
Authors: Gu Qian‐Kun , Liu Run‐Ping , Chen Zhi‐Wei , Luo Si‐Chun , Guo Wei‐Ming , Lin Hua‐Tay 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research investigated the cutting performance of three different types of Si3N4‐based ceramic tools (Si3N4, Si3N4–SiCw, and Si3N4–SiCw–HfB2) with distinct mechanical properties during turning of ductile cast iron. Si3N4 ceramic tool, characterized by high hardness and low toughness, showed minor micro‐chipping and the highest average flank wear rate during the initial wear stage, leading to a short cutting life of 1679 m. Si3N4–SiCw ceramic tool, with low hardness and high toughness, exhibited the highest average flank wear rate during the middle and final wear stages, resulting a short cutting life (1602 m). In contrast, the Si3N4–SiCw–HfB2 ceramic tool, featuring high hardness and high toughness, demonstrated the lower average flank wear rate during all the wear stages, leading to a longest cutting life (2636 m). The results indicated that the average flank wear rate during the initial wear stage was mainly influenced by toughness, while during the middle and final wear stages, the average flank wear rate was primarily dependent on hardness.
Spillover effects within supply chains: Evidence from Chinese‐listed firms
Authors: Wang Xunxiao , Bian Shibo , Wu Chongfeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThere is increasing attention on information transfers along supply chain partners for firm (extreme) events. This growing literature finds spillover effects following certain types of firm events. Using data from credit rating actions of Chinese‐listed firms over the period between March 2007 and May 2020, we examine the spillover effects of supply chains by focusing on the market reactions of event firms to the action announcements. We find strong evidence of spillover effects driven by the market reactions of event firms, which are enhanced through information diffusion channels as supply chain partners receive more investor attention. Moreover, the effects are stronger when event firms' market reactions are negative, event firms are non‐stated‐owned, the industry concentration of event firms is higher, or the supplier‐customer business relationship is closer. Overall, these findings highlight the role of investor attention and network characteristics in supply chain spillovers.
Bruxism, parafunctional oral habits and oral motor problems in children with spastic cerebral palsy: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Tuncer Aysenur , Uzun Asiye , Tuncer Abidin H. , Guzel Hazel C. , Atılgan Elif D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with spastic cerebral palsy are more predisposed to parafunctional oral activities and oral motor problems because of spasticity.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between the gross motor function classification system score (GMFCS), age, bruxism, parafunctional oral habits and oral motor problems in children with cerebral palsy.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 63 children with spastic cerebral palsy, aged 3–18 years, with developmental disabilities. The relationship between parentally reported bruxism, parafunctional oral activity rates, oral motor problems, and GMFCS was analysed.ResultsThe prevalence of bruxism was 52.4%, and the rate decreased as age increased. There was a greater likelihood of bruxism in individuals with tongue thrust (OR [95% CI] = 8.15 [1.4–47.3]) and swallowing problems (OR [95% CI] = 5.78 [1.3–24.68]).ConclusionIn children with spastic cerebral palsy, bruxism and the rate of parafunctional oral habits were high, thus affecting oral motor activities. A relationship was found between oral motor problems and increased GMFCS levels, but no relationship was found between bruxism and GMFCS levels. Children with spastic cerebral palsy who display tongue thrust or swallowing problems have an increased likelihood of presenting with bruxism.
The Others: Finding and Counting America's Invisible Churches
Authors: Melton J. Gordon , Ferguson Todd , Foertsch Steven 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe 2010 U. S. Religious Census: Religious Congregations and Membership Survey (RCMS) is the most comprehensive picture of U.S. religious life, county by county. How thorough is the RCMS in covering local religious groups? To answer this question, three county snapshots were performed with collected data compared to the RCMS 2010 reported numbers. Data suggest that there has been an underreport by as much as 25 percent of the number of local congregations in these counties. New and emerging religious movements and denominations as well as ethnic congregations comprise much of this percentage, making it more imperative for scholars to develop methodologies and frameworks in order to capture these “others” and invisible churches in America.
Linguistic prosody in autism spectrum disorder—An overview
Authors: Grice Martine , Wehrle Simon , Krüger Martina , Spaniol Malin , Cangemi Francesco , Vogeley Kai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLinguistic prosody involves the rhythm and melody of speech. It implicitly enhances or modifies the explicit meaning of spoken words. The literature on linguistic prosody related to autism spectrum disorder deals both with the production and perception of a broad range of linguistic functions. These functions range from the formal encoding of grammatical features (e.g. lexical stress, syntactic structure) to the less formal, more intuitive signalling of pragmatic or interactional aspects (speech acts, information structure, turn‐taking in conversation). This narrative review reports mixed results from 51 studies, with tentative evidence for greater differences in the perception of intuitive functions. Apart from considerable methodological differences across the different studies, much of the variability in the results is due to the wide range of ages investigated, since difficulties encountered by autistic children do not always persist into adulthood and compensatory strategies can be learnt for using prosody in communication.
The Effect of Standing Versus Sitting on Creativity in Adolescents—A Crossover Randomized Trial: The PHIT2LEARN Study
Authors: Luteijn Petra J. , van der Wurff Inge S. M. , van Tuijl Piet , Singh Amika S. , Savelberg Hans H. C. M. , de Groot Renate H. M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCreativity is important for school performance. As several brain mechanisms involved in creativity are stimulated by low‐intensity physical activity, standing might influence creativity. Few studies on the relationship between standing and creativity have been executed, and none among vocational education and training (VET) students. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether standing influences creativity in VET students. In a randomized crossover study, 192 VET students were randomly allocated to standing or sitting (i.e., control) for 30 min. After 15 min, they performed two creativity tests: Guilford's Alternative Uses Test (divergent thinking) and Remote Associates Test (convergent thinking). Subsequently, conditions were switched, and the procedure was repeated. Multilevel analyses showed no significant effect of standing on divergent or convergent thinking test performance. Our results show that 30 min of standing does not affect creativity in VET students.
Cysts of the jaws: A multicentre study
Authors: Dhanuthai Kittipong , Chantarangsu Soranun , Klanrit Poramaporn , Chamusri Nutchapon , Aminishakib Pouyan , Khoozestani Neda Kardouni , Morozan Arina , Tang Celina , Singh Riponjot , Darling Mark 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients diagnosed with cysts of the jaws.Materials and MethodsBiopsy records of the participating institutions from 2000 to 2020 were reviewed for lesions diagnosed in the cyst category. Demographic data, the location of the cysts and pathologic diagnoses were collected. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using IBM SPSS software version 28.0.ResultsFrom 148,353 accessioned cases, 25,628 cases (17.28%) were diagnosed in the cyst category. Mean age of the patients ± SD = 42.62 ± 19.36 years. Paediatric patients (aged ≤ 16 years) accounted for 9.63%, while geriatric patients (aged ≥ 65) comprised 14.22% of all the patients. The male‐to‐female ratio was 1.27:1. The majority of the lesions were encountered in the mandible. The most prevalent cyst was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst. In the paediatric group, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent, whereas in the geriatric group, radicular cyst was the most common.ConclusionsIn general, the results of this study are in accordance with previous studies. This study provides an invaluable database for clinicians when formulating clinical differential diagnoses as well as for pathologists in rendering the final diagnosis.
Neoliberalism and governmental and individual responses to the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐national analysis
Authors: Liu Yuanze , Wu Zhongda , Wang Yuying , Dong Zhiwen , Sun Zhaoyang , Gan Yiqun 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGiven the deficiencies of traditional government capacity indicators and cultural factors (e.g., individualism) in explaining the discrepancies of different agents' responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the present study proposed and examined the role of neoliberalism, a novel cultural tradition of knowledge emphasizing the principles of free markets and self‐governance, as an additional explanation of the discrepancies in the governmental and individual responses to the pandemic. Analyzing policy responses of 106 nations and personal responses from 105,203 individuals in 104 nations during the first wave of the pandemic, we found that nation‐level neoliberalism (delineated by the economic freedom index) negatively predicted the nonlinear trajectories of government policy responses to contain the pandemic. Specifically, in more neoliberal countries, stringent containment policy responses showed a sharper decline in the later stage of the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, nation‐level neoliberalism negatively predicted individuals' pandemic‐protective attitudes and behaviors. All these effects are independent of and incremental to those of nation‐level individualism. In conclusion, this study sheds light on how neoliberalism could lead to negative consequences during large‐scale, long‐lasting public threats, offering practical guidance for adjusting public crisis management in the future.