bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current oral hygiene and recreational behavioral trends in HIV disease
Authors: Mercante Donald E. , Guarisco Emily , Lilly Elizabeth A. , Rao Arni , Treas Kelly , Beall Clifford J. , Thompson Zach , Griffen Ann L. , Leys Eugene J. , Vazquez Jose A. , Hagensee Michael E. , Fidel Paul L. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveHIV disease is evolving with more HIV+ persons experiencing a high quality of life with well‐controlled viremia. We recently enrolled a large cohort of HIV+ and clinically relevant HIV− persons for oral microbiome analyses that included a questionnaire related to oral hygiene and recreational behaviors. Here, the questionnaire responses were analyzed for behavioral trends within the cohort, together with trends over time by comparison to a previous geographically centered HIV+ cohort.MethodsData were collected by questionnaire at baseline visits as cross‐sectional assessments. Multivariable analyses were conducted for associations of HIV status as well as age, race, and sex, on oral hygiene/recreational behaviors.ResultsHIV+ subjects had reduced brushing frequency, but increased incidence of past cleanings and frequency of dry mouth, compared to the HIV− subjects. Within the entire cohort, positive associations were identified between age and several oral hygiene practices, and between age, race, and sex for several recreational behaviors. In comparison to the historical cohort, the contemporary HIV+ cohort participated in fewer high‐risk behaviors, but with similar trends for smoking and oral hygiene practices.ConclusionHIV status had little association with oral hygiene and recreational behaviors despite several differences in age, race, and sex. Behavioral trends over time support a higher quality of life in people currently living with HIV.
When and how do children solve the Weather Prediction Task?
Authors: Bochud‐Fragnière Emilie , Lavenex Pierre , Banta Lavenex Pamela 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Weather Prediction Task (WPT) can be solved by adults using several strategies dependent on different memory systems. One developmental study reported that 8–12‐year‐old children can solve WPT‐like tasks but, because of inadequate analyses, the cognitive processes involved in solving the task have not been established. The present study aimed to determine at what age children can first solve the WPT and identify the strategies used by children of different ages. We tested 3–12‐year‐old typically developing children and 20–30‐year‐old adults on a modified WPT. We performed detailed analyses of performance for each pattern of cue–outcome associations to decipher the strategies used by participants. None of the 3–5.5‐year‐old children solved the task. About one third of 5.5–7.5‐year‐old children performed above chance, relying only on the two most predictive cues. In contrast, about 80% of 7.5–12‐year‐old children performed above chance, relying on a conditional hierarchical strategy. Similar to 20–30‐year‐old adults, 7.5–12‐year‐old children considered the highly predictive cues primarily and the less predictive cues secondarily. These findings indicate that the learning strategies used to solve the WPT evolve from middle to late childhood and reflect an increasing ability to use a conditional strategy concomitant with the development of the hippocampus‐dependent memory system.
Developmental age and fatty acid amide hydrolase genetic variation converge to mediate fear regulation in female mice
Authors: Gerhard Danielle M. , Tse Nathaniel , Lee Francis S. , Meyer Heidi C. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAnxiety disorders are more prevalent in females than in males, yet a majority of basic neuroscience studies are performed in males. Furthermore, anxiety disorders peak in prevalence during adolescence, yet little is known about neurodevelopmental trajectories of fear expression, particularly in females. To examine these factors, we fear conditioned juvenile, adolescent, and adult female mice and exposed them to fear extinction and a long‐term recall test. For this, we used knock‐in mice containing a common human mutation in the gene for fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the primary catabolic enzyme for the endocannabinoid anandamide (FAAH‐IN). This mutation has been shown to impart a low‐anxiety phenotype in humans, and in rodents relative to their wild‐type littermates. We find an impact of the FAAH polymorphism on developmental changes in fear behavior. Specifically, the FAAH polymorphism appears to induce a state of hypervigilance (increased fear) during adolescence. We also used markerless pose estimation software to classify alternative behaviors outside of freezing. These analyses revealed age differences in vigilance to indicators of threat and in the propensity of mice to explore an aversive environment, though genotypic differences were minimal. These findings address a gap in the literature regarding developmental patterns of fear learning and memory as well as the mechanistic contributions of the endocannabinoid system in females.
High‐latitude kelps and future oceans: A review of multiple stressor impacts in a changing world
Authors: Farrugia Drakard Veronica , Hollarsmith Jordan A. , Stekoll Michael S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractKelp forests worldwide are threatened by both climate change and localized anthropogenic impacts. Species with cold‐temperate, subpolar, or polar distributions are projected to experience range contractions over the coming decades, which may be exacerbated by climatic events such as marine heatwaves and increased freshwater and sediment input from rapidly contracting glaciers. The northeast Pacific has an extensive history of harvesting and cultivating kelps for subsistence, commercial, and other uses, and, therefore, declines in kelp abundance and distributional shifts will have significant impacts on this region. Gaps in our understanding of how cold‐temperate kelp species respond to climate stressors have limited our ability to forecast the status of kelp forests in future oceans, which hampers conservation and management efforts. Here, we conducted a structured literature review to provide a synthesis of the impacts of multiple climate‐related stressors on kelp forests in the northeast Pacific, assess existing knowledge gaps, and suggest potential research priorities. We chose to focus on temperature, salinity, sediment load, and light as the stressors most likely to vary and impact kelps as climate change progresses. Our results revealed biases in the existing literature toward studies investigating the impacts of temperature, or temperature in combination with light. Other stressors, particularly salinity and sediment load, have received much less focus despite rapidly changing conditions in high‐latitude regions. Furthermore, multiple stressor studies appear to focus on kelp sporophytes, and it is necessary that we improve our understanding of how kelp microstages will be affected by stressor combinations. Finally, studies that investigate the potential of experimental transplantation or selective cultivation of genotypes resilient to environmental changes are lacking and would be useful for the conservation of wild populations and the seaweed aquaculture industry.
Diversity–stability relationships across organism groups and ecosystem types become decoupled across spatial scales
Authors: Wisnoski Nathan I. , Andrade Riley , Castorani Max C. N. , Catano Christopher P. , Compagnoni Aldo , Lamy Thomas , Lany Nina K. , Marazzi Luca , Record Sydne , Smith Annie C. , Swan Christopher M. , Tonkin Jonathan D. , Voelker Nicole M. , Zarnetske Phoebe L. , Sokol Eric R. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe relationship between biodiversity and stability, or its inverse, temporal variability, is multidimensional and complex. Temporal variability in aggregate properties, like total biomass or abundance, is typically lower in communities with higher species diversity (i.e., the diversity–stability relationship [DSR]). At broader spatial extents, regional‐scale aggregate variability is also lower with higher regional diversity (in plant systems) and with lower spatial synchrony. However, focusing exclusively on aggregate properties of communities may overlook potentially destabilizing compositional shifts. It is not yet clear how diversity is related to different components of variability across spatial scales, nor whether regional DSRs emerge across a broad range of organisms and ecosystem types. To test these questions, we compiled a large collection of long‐term metacommunity data spanning a wide range of taxonomic groups (e.g., birds, fish, plants, invertebrates) and ecosystem types (e.g., deserts, forests, oceans). We applied a newly developed quantitative framework for jointly analyzing aggregate and compositional variability across scales. We quantified DSRs for composition and aggregate variability in local communities and metacommunities. At the local scale, more diverse communities were less variable, but this effect was stronger for aggregate than compositional properties. We found no stabilizing effect of γ‐diversity on metacommunity variability, but β‐diversity played a strong role in reducing compositional spatial synchrony, which reduced regional variability. Spatial synchrony differed among taxa, suggesting differences in stabilization by spatial processes. However, metacommunity variability was more strongly driven by local variability than by spatial synchrony. Across a broader range of taxa, our results suggest that high γ‐diversity does not consistently stabilize aggregate properties at regional scales without sufficient spatial β‐diversity to reduce spatial synchrony.
A scoping review of heart failure transitional care quality indicators and outcomes for use in clinical care and research
Authors: Oskouie Suzanne , Michael Faith , Whitelaw Sera , Bozkurt Biykem , Fonarow Gregg C. , Van Spall Harriette G.C. 
Published: July 2023

AimsThere are no accepted quality indicators for transitional care following hospitalization for heart failure (HF). Current quality measures focus on 30‐day readmissions without accounting for competing risks such as death. In this scoping review of clinical trials, we aimed to develop a set of HF transitional care quality indicators for clinical or research applications following hospitalization for HF.Methods and resultsWe performed a scoping review using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, HealthSTAR, reference lists and grey literature from January 1990 to November 2022. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adults hospitalized for HF who received a healthcare service or strategy intervention that aimed to improve patient‐reported or clinical outcomes. We independently extracted data and performed a qualitative synthesis of the results. We generated a list of process, structure, patient‐reported, and clinical measures that could be used as quality indicators. We highlighted process indicators that were associated with improved clinical outcomes and patient‐reported outcomes that had high adherence to COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and United States Food and Drug Administration standards. From 42 RCTs included in the study, we identified a set of process, structure, patient‐reported, and clinical indicators that could be used as transitional care measures in clinical or research settings.ConclusionIn this scoping review, we developed a list of quality indicators that could guide clinical efforts or serve as research endpoints in transitional care in HF. Clinicians, researchers, institutions, and policymakers can use the indicators to guide management, design research, allocate resources, and fund services that improve clinical outcomes.
Impact of comorbidities on health status measured using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in patients with heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Yang Mingming , Kondo Toru , Adamson Carly , Butt Jawad H. , Abraham William T. , Desai Akshay S. , Jering Karola S. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Packer Milton , Rouleau Jean L. , Solomon Scott D. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Zile Michael R. , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: July 2023

AimPatients with heart failure (HF) often suffer from a range of comorbidities, which may affect their health status. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different comorbidities on health status in patients with HF and reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Methods and resultsUsing individual patient data from HFrEF (ATMOSPHERE, PARADIGM‐HF, DAPA‐HF) and HFpEF (TOPCAT, PARAGON‐HF) trials, we examined the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) domain scores and overall summary score (KCCQ‐OSS) across a range of cardiorespiratory (angina, atrial fibrillation [AF], stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) and other comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease [CKD], anaemia). Of patients with HFrEF (n = 20 159), 36.2% had AF, 33.9% CKD, 33.9% diabetes, 31.4% obesity, 25.5% angina, 12.2% COPD, 8.4% stroke, and 4.4% anaemia; the corresponding proportions in HFpEF (n = 6563) were: 54.0% AF, 48.7% CKD, 43.4% diabetes, 53.3% obesity, 28.6% angina, 14.7% COPD, 10.2% stroke, and 6.5% anaemia. HFpEF patients had lower KCCQ domain scores and KCCQ‐OSS (67.8 vs. 71.3) than HFrEF patients. Physical limitations, social limitations and quality of life domains were reduced more than symptom frequency and symptom burden domains. In both HFrEF and HFpEF, COPD, angina, anaemia, and obesity were associated with the lowest scores. An increasing number of comorbidities was associated with decreasing scores (e.g. KCCQ‐OSS 0 vs. ≥4 comorbidities: HFrEF 76.8 vs. 66.4; HFpEF 73.7 vs. 65.2).ConclusionsCardiac and non‐cardiac comorbidities are common in both HFrEF and HFpEF patients and most are associated with reductions in health status although the impact varied among comorbidities, by the number of comorbidities, and by HF phenotype. Treating/correcting comorbidity is a therapeutic approach that may improve the health status of patients with HF.
Rich‐defect carbon nanotubes for highly sensitive detection of Dopamine
Authors: Jiang Li Ke , Li Juan , Shi Fan , Peng Gan Li , Sun Wei , Song Lu Zhi , Zou Zhuo , Ming Li Chang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDopamine (DA) plays an essential role in the central nervous, renal, hormonal and cardiovascular systems. Various modified carbon nanotubes (CNT)‐based dopamine sensors have been reported, but inexpensive, highly sensitive plain CNT‐based ones are seldom studied. In this work, a facile and inexpensive CNT‐based DA sensor is made by rich‐defect multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (RD‐CNT) via an ultrasound method. The defect and elemental states of the RD‐CNT are systematically studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray‐photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results show that massive holes and cracks exist in RD‐CNT. The level of defects increases from the additional exposed edges. The electrochemical characterizations indicate that the electrochemical sensor has the highest sensitivity of 438.4 μA/(μM ⋅ cm2) among all carbon materials‐based DA sensors while well meeting the clinically required detection range and selectivity. The DA sensor was further used to detect live healthy human serum and live PC12 cells with satisfactory results, thus holding great promise for an inexpensive but sensitive DA sensor in practical applications of clinical diagnosis and biological research.
Association of retinal nerve layers thickness and brain imaging in healthy young subjects from the i‐Share‐Bordeaux study
Authors: Lima Rebouças Sara Cristina , Crivello Fabrice , Tsuchida Ami , Tzourio Christophe , Schweitzer Cédric , Korobelnik Jean‐François , Delcourt Cécile , Helmer Catherine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGiven the anatomical and functional similarities between the retina and the brain, the retina could be a “window” for viewing brain structures. We investigated the association between retinal nerve fiber layers (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer, ppRNFL; macular ganglion cell‐inner plexiform layer, GC‐IPL; and macular ganglion cell complex, GCC), and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in young health adults. We included 857 students (mean age: 23.3 years, 71.3% women) from the i‐Share study. We used multivariate linear models to study the cross‐sectional association of each retinal nerve layer thickness assessed by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) with structural (volumes and cortical thickness), and microstructural brain markers, assessed on MRI globally and regionally. Microstructural MRI parameters included diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI). On global brain analysis, thicker ppRNFL, GC‐IPL and GCC were all significantly associated with patterns of diffusion metrics consistent with higher WM microstructural integrity. In regional analyses, after multiple testing corrections, our results suggested significant associations of some retinal nerve layers with brain regional gray matter occipital volumes and with diffusion MRI parameters in a region involved in the visual pathway and in regions containing associative tracts. No associations were found with global volumes or with global or regional cortical thicknesses. Results of this study suggest that some retinal nerve layers may reflect brain structures. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in young subjects.
Morphological adjustments of the Yamuna River in the Himalayan foothills in response to natural and anthropogenic stresses
Authors: Yadav Anshul , Boothroyd Richard J. , Sambrook Smith Gregory H. , Sen Sumit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRivers can adjust to natural and anthropogenic stresses through changes in flow regime and sediment dynamics. Flow regulation due to dam construction can modify sediment transport processes, causing morphological adjustments and changes in conveyance capacity. In this study, we explored morphological adjustments along a 46 km segment of the Yamuna River in the Himalayan foothills from Dakpathar Barrage to Hathni Kund Barrage using a combination of remote sensing approaches. The cloud computing platform Google Earth Engine (GEE) was used to analyse multi‐temporal collections of Landsat satellite imagery acquired between 1989 and 2021. Active river channels (including water and exposed sediment) were classified using an MNDWI and NDVI thresholding approach from annually resolved temporal composite images. Declassified CORONA satellite imagery (acquired in 1965, 1973 and 1976) was manually digitized to provide longer‐term insights into channel change. Morphological adjustments were assessed using the RivMAP toolbox, providing quantitative information on the rates of bank erosion and accretion, bank line shifts and changes in active channel width. Results showed a substantial narrowing of the active channel after 2013, which coincided with the construction of the Lakhwar‐Vyasi Dam. We calculated a 67% reduction in mean active channel width, narrowing from ~800 m in 1989 to ~250 m in 2021. During the same period, evidence of sand mining in the active channel indicates a substantial increase in mining activities after 2015. The concept of stasis was explored under different flow regulation scenarios to suggest that the river has undergone a state of inactivity, where the river is doing nothing for much longer durations. We suggest that the combined effects of flow regulation and increased mining activities during the same period have altered river morphology, and further stresses due to a combination of human activities can be damaging for the river regime. This study sheds light on the potential implications of multiple stresses acting on the Yamuna River at the same time, which can inform future sustainable river management activities.
The isotropy of cryptocurrency volatility
Authors: Hairudin Aiman , Mohamad Azhar 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWe examine the fractal volatility and long‐range dependence of Bitcoin, Ethereum, Tether and USD Coin by employing the continuous wavelet transform, maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform and rescaled range. Our dataset consists of daily prices spanning from January 2017 through to October 2022, encapsulating pre‐ and post‐epidemic eras. Generally, our findings suggest that Tether presents the least overall volatility throughout the time‐frequency spectrum. USD Coin demonstrates ephemeral turbulence, contrary to Tether's maturity in influencing market equilibrium through token issuance and trade responses. In the post‐epidemic sample, both stablecoins indicate mean reversion, with USD Coin showing marginally better efficiency. Conversely, investment tokens display persistent clusters due to retail traders and long‐term fundamental institutions. Although both tokens illustrate multifractal volatility, Ethereum unveils more essence of self‐similarity than Bitcoin. Hence, there is no evidence that Ethereum truly duplicates Bitcoin since policy‐related events differ between them, as both return series move incongruously. Conditional dynamics signify that all cryptocurrencies, except Tether, were affected by the pandemic transition of COVID‐19 and subsequent macroeconomic news. The unconditional volatility of stablecoins evinces zero‐mean errors, antithetical to investment tokens exhibiting annual cycles. The fractal geometry suggests that investment tokens simulate one‐dimensional lines, whereas stablecoins mimic two‐dimensional planes.
Glioma detection using EHO based FLAME clustering in MR brain images
Authors: Karun Baiju , Prasath T. Arun , Rajasekaran M. Pallikonda , Makreri Rakhee 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMRI is a popular imaging method for examining brain tumours. The ability to precisely segment tumours from MRI is absolutely essential for medical diagnostics and surgical planning. Manual tumour segmentation might be unrealistic for more comprehensive studies. Deep learning is the most widely used technique in medical diagnosis. For effective tumour dissection from brain MRI, this paper proposed a novel combination of FLAME and EHO Algorithm. FLAME is a type of clustering method that groups the most similar pixels in to a single cluster. EHO algorithm is one of the nature‐inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms based on the social herding behaviour of elephants and swimming search methods. The proposed methodology's efficiency is validated through testing on various BraTS challenge datasets. The average computational time, mean squared error, peak signal to noise ratio, tanimoto coefficient, and dice score ‐ obtained are 23.3775 s, 0.213, 54.9669 dB, 54.6148%, and 84.053%, respectively.
Front Cover
Authors: Bai Lin , Wu Yaping , Dai Wenshu , Zhang Jie , Zheng Lily , Cheng Jingqiu 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA quick and easy method for labeling blood vessels of cleared organs of mice was established. This method effectively labels the vascular network of mouse organs, showing details down to the capillary level. Through adjusting of mw. Of FITC‐Dextran and injection methods, labeling preference could be manipulated. By using software (eg. Imaris) processing, further information such as the number of cerebral blood vessels or kidney glomeruli could be concluded.For further details please visit the article by Lin Bai, Yaping Wu, Wenshu Dai, Jie Zhang, Lily Zheng, and Jingqiu Cheng (e202300042).
image