bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red‐winged blackbirds nesting nearer to yellow warbler and conspecific nests experience less brood parasitism
Authors: Lawson Shelby L. , Enos Janice K. , Gill Sharon A. , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn functionally referential communication systems, the signaler's message intended for a conspecific receiver may be intercepted and used by a heterospecific eavesdropper for its own benefit. For example, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) produce seet calls to warn conspecifics of nearby brood parasitic brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and red‐winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) eavesdrop on and recruit to seet calls to mob the brood parasites. Prior work found that warblers nesting closer to blackbirds were less likely to be parasitized, suggesting that blackbirds may even be the target of warbler's seet calls to assist with antiparasitic defense. Here we discovered for the reverse to apply too: blackbirds nesting closer to yellow warblers also experienced lower probability of brood parasitism. Concurrently, we also found that blackbirds nesting closer to other blackbirds also experience lower parasitism rates. Although these are strictly correlational results, they nonetheless suggest that blackbirds are better able to defend their nest against cowbirds when also listening to nearby warblers' referential alarm calls.
The relationship between adipokine levels and bone mass—A systematic review
Authors: Mangion Darren , Pace Nikolai P. , Formosa Melissa M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIntroductionAdipose tissue is the source of a broad array of signalling molecules (adipokines), which mediate interorgan communication and regulate metabolic homeostasis. Alterations in adipokine levels have been causally implicated in various metabolic disorders, including changes in bone mass. Osteoporosis is the commonest progressive metabolic bone disease, characterized by elevated risk of fragility fractures as a result of a reduced bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration. The effects of different adipokines on bone mass have been studied in an attempt to identify novel modulators of bone mass or diagnostic biomarkers of osteoporosis.MethodsIn this review, we sought to aggregate and assess evidence from independent studies that quantify specific adipokines and their effect on bone mineral density (BMD).ResultsA literature search identified 57 articles that explored associations between different adipokines and BMD. Adiponectin and leptin were the most frequently studied adipokines, with most studies demonstrating that adiponectin levels are associated with decreased BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Conversely, leptin levels are associated with increased BMD at these sites. However, extensive heterogeneity with regards to sample size, characteristics of study subjects, ethnicity, as well as direction and magnitude of effect at specific skeletal anatomical sites was identified. The broad degree of conflicting findings reported in this study can be attributed several factors. These include differences in study design and ascertainment criteria, the analytic challenges of quantifying specific adipokines and their isoforms, pre‐analytical variables (in particular patient preparation) and confounding effects of co‐existing disease.ConclusionsThis review highlights the biological relevance of adipokines in bone metabolism and reinforces the need for longitudinal research to elucidate the causal relationship of adipokines on bone mass.
Evaluating programming that thinks and works politically: Challenges and emerging practice
Authors: Jacobstein David , Swift Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIssues of power are not new to program evaluation. What is new is a consideration of how programming uses insights into incentives that shape and adapt implementation. How should one evaluate in a way that explicitly assesses the ways in which a program considers power? One of the innovative topics deriving from the democracy and governance space is the approach of thinking and working politically (TWP) which is seeing increased use in development programming. TWP suggests different mental models and practical approaches to achieving development objectives in ways that are more contextually grounded and informed by power dynamics. This article describes several of the core challenges to evaluation of TWP and also a rubric of considerations for more effective evaluation practices in this emerging field.
Challenging democracy, human rights, and governance evaluation capacity development through a transformative lens
Authors: Olavarria Claudia , Mertens Donna M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDemocracy, human rights, and governance (DRG) evaluation practice faces diverse challenges, not only because of the complexity of intervention designs and implementation but also due to the complexity of the fragile contexts in which DRG evaluation is generally applied. Evaluating in fragile contexts demands responsiveness to the complexity and provides challenges to define what capacities and competencies a DRG evaluator should have. In 2019, the International Organization for Cooperation in Evaluation (IOCE) was funded to design a set of tools to develop individual and institutional DRG evaluation capacities in an online training course and an associated toolkit. These materials aim to advocate for more DRG evaluation for a stronger democracy, advancing human rights, and increased governance. Using a transformative lens, this chapter critically reviews the challenges and constraints faced while developing DRG evaluators’ capacities. This critical analysis of complexity with a transformative lens adds insights into the practice of evaluation in the pursuit of human rights and social, economic, and environmental justice.
Overexpression of MrEsa1 accelerated growth, increased ascospores yield, and the polyketide production in Monascus ruber
Authors: Zhang Jing , Shao Yanchun , Chen Fusheng 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEsa1 has been proven to be an important histone acetyltransferase involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism. Monascus spp. with nearly 2000 years of edible history in East Asian countries can produce a variety of polyketides. It is unknown whether Esa1 plays a regulatory role in Monascus spp. In this study, we isolated the homology of histone acetyltransferase Esa1 (named MrEsa1) and constructed a mresa1‐overexpressed strain. Western blot experiments showed that MrEsa1 hyperacetylated at K4 and K9 of the H3 subunit in Monascus ruber. Overexpression of mresa1 led to the larger colony diameter and increased dry cell mass; meanwhile, the conidia germination rate was significantly accelerated in the mresa1‐overexpressed strain before 4 h, and the number of ascospores in the mresa1‐overexpressed strain was significantly higher than that in WT. In addition, the Monascus azaphilone pigments (MonAzPs) and citrinin production of the mresa1‐overexpressed strain were 1.7 and 2.4 times more than those of WT, respectively. Reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment suggested that mrpigB, mrpigH, mrpigJ, and mrpigK, involved in MonAzPs synthesis, and pksCT, mrl3, and mrl7, involved in citrinin synthesis, were upregulated in mresa1‐overexpressed strain. This study provides important insights into the effect of MrEsa1 on the developmental process and the production of secondary metabolites in Monascus spp.
Conversion to AbobotulinumtoxinA Increases Waning Time and Efficacy for Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Samotus Olivia , Jog Mandar 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundSymptom re‐emergence before re‐injection negatively impacts cervical dystonia (CD) patients receiving botulinum toxin type A (BoNT‐A) therapy. Longer waning time is associated with abobotulinumtoxinA (abo‐BoNT‐A) as compared to onabotulinumtoxinA (ona‐BoNT‐A)/incobotulinumtoxinA (inco‐BoNT‐A) formulations.ObjectivesTo compare waning time and treatment outcomes when chronically injected CD patients experiencing early waning despite being optimized on BoNT‐A (ona‐BoNT‐A/inco‐BoNT‐A) were converted to abo‐BoNT‐A.MethodsThirty‐three chronically injected CD participants with a waning time of ≤8 weeks were converted to abo‐BoNT‐A (1:2.5 dose ratio) for three injections every 12‐weeks. The second and third injection patterns were kinematically optimized. Participants were converted back to their original BoNT‐A for the fourth injection (1:2.5) using the same third abo‐BoNT‐A pattern. Participant‐perceived waning times were collected post‐injections. Clinical scales (Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS)) and kinematic measures were collected 12‐weeks post‐injection and at three peak effect time‐points.ResultsCompared to baseline, waning time (12–22 days) significantly increased following all abo‐BoNT‐A treatments (P < 0.005) but was not significantly different at the fourth injection (original BoNT‐A reconversion). TWSTRS sub‐scores significantly reduced following all abo‐BoNT‐A treatments (P < 0.0001) and at peak effect following the third injection compared to original BoNT‐A. Dysphagia and muscle weakness were reported and comparable to safety of original BoNT‐A formulations.ConclusionsOptimized patients experiencing waning had significant improvement in the peak benefit as well as the duration of effect when converted to abo‐BoNT‐A. This effect was toxin dependent as reconversion to the original BoNT‐A using the kinematically optimized pattern failed to produce an improvement in waning.
Multiple slot modules for high field magnetic resonance imaging array coils
Authors: Alkandari Dheyaa , Bosshard John C. , Huang Chung‐Huan , Wright Steven M. 
Published: February 2023

PurposeMitigating coupling effects between coil elements represents a continuing challenge. Here, we present a 16‐bowtie slot volume coil arranged in eight independent dual‐slot modules without the use of any decoupling circuits.MethodsTwo electrically short “bowtie” slot antennas were used to form a “module.” A bowtie configuration was chosen because electromagnetic modeling results show that bowtie slots exhibit improved efficiency when compared to thin rectangular slots. An eight‐module volume coil was evaluated through electromagnetic modeling, bench tests, and MRI experiments at 4.7 T.ResultsBench tests indicate that worst‐case coupling between modules did not exceed −14.5 dB. MR images demonstrate well‐localized patterns about single excited modules confirming the low coupling between modules. Homogeneous MR images were acquired from a synthesized quadrature birdcage transmit mode. MRI experiments show that the RF power requirements for the proposed coil are 9.2 times more than a birdcage coil. Whereas from simulations performed to assess the proposed coil losses, the total power dissipated in the phantom was 1.1 times more for the birdcage. Simulation results at 7 T reveal an equivalent B1+ homogeneity when compared with an eight‐dipole coil.ConclusionAlthough exhibiting higher RF power requirements, as a transmit coil when the power availability is not a restriction, the inherently low coupling between electrically short slots should enable the use of many slot elements around the imaging volume. The slot module described in this paper should be useful in the design of multi‐channel transmit coils.
Retrospective motion correction through multi‐average k‐space data elimination (REMAKE) for free‐breathing cardiac cine imaging
Authors: Neofytou Alexander Paul , Neji Radhouene , Kowalik Grzegorz Tomasz , Mooiweer Ronald , Wong James , Fotaki Anastasia , Ferreira Joana , Evans Carl , Bosio Filippo , Mughal Nabila , Razavi Reza , Pushparajah Kuberan , Roujol Sébastien 
Published: February 2023

PurposeTo develop a motion‐robust reconstruction technique for free‐breathing cine imaging with multiple averages.MethodRetrospective motion correction through multiple average k‐space data elimination (REMAKE) was developed using iterative removal of k‐space segments (from individual k‐space samples) that contribute most to motion corruption while combining any remaining segments across multiple signal averages. A variant of REMAKE, termed REMAKE+, was developed to address any losses in SNR due to k‐space information removal. With REMAKE+, multiple reconstructions using different initial conditions were performed, co‐registered, and averaged. Both techniques were validated against clinical “standard” signal averaging reconstruction in a static phantom (with simulated motion) and 15 patients undergoing free‐breathing cine imaging with multiple averages. Quantitative analysis of myocardial sharpness, blood/myocardial SNR, myocardial‐blood contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), as well as subjective assessment of image quality and rate of diagnostic quality images were performed.ResultsIn phantom, motion artifacts using “standard” (RMS error [RMSE]: 2.2 ± 0.5) were substantially reduced using REMAKE/REMAKE+ (RMSE: 1.5 ± 0.4/1.0 ± 0.4, p < 0.01). In patients, REMAKE/REMAKE+ led to higher myocardial sharpness (0.79 ± 0.09/0.79 ± 0.1 vs. 0.74 ± 0.12 for “standard”, p = 0.004/0.04), higher image quality (1.8 ± 0.2/1.9 ± 0.2 vs. 1.6 ± 0.4 for “standard”, p = 0.02/0.008), and a higher rate of diagnostic quality images (99%/100% vs. 94% for “standard”). Blood/myocardial SNR for “standard” (94 ± 30/33 ± 10) was higher vs. REMAKE (80 ± 25/28 ± 8, p = 0.002/0.005) and tended to be lower vs. REMAKE+ (105 ± 33/36 ± 12, p = 0.02/0.06). Myocardial‐blood CNR for “standard” (61 ± 22) was higher vs. REMAKE (53 ± 19, p = 0.003) and lower vs. REMAKE+ (69 ± 24, p = 0.007).ConclusionsCompared to “standard” signal averaging reconstruction, REMAKE and REMAKE+ provide improved myocardial sharpness, image quality, and rate of diagnostic quality images.
The impact of remote consultations on the health and wellbeing of first contact physiotherapists in primary care: A mixed methods study
Authors: Anchors Zoe , Jones Bethan , Thomas Rachel , Berry Alice , Walsh Nicola 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundFirst Contact Physiotherapists (FCPs) were introduced to reduce demands on GPs by providing improving access to expert musculoskeletal care. FCPs experience similar workplace stressors to GPs and there is an emerging concern that remote consultations are causing further impacts to their wellbeing.AimTo explore the impact of remote consultations on FCPs.MethodsA mixed methods sequential explanatory study with FCPs was conducted. An online survey measured the usage and impact of remote consultations. Semi‐structured interviews explored the lived experiences of using remote consultations.ResultsThe online survey was completed by 109 FCPs. A key benefit of remote consultations was patient convenience; perceived challenges included IT issues, poor efficacy, FCP anxiety, isolation, and increased workload. FCPs viewed remote consultations as a ‘challenge’ rather than a ‘threat’. Nearly two thirds of the FCPs had not received relevant training, yet over half were interested. Follow‐up interviews with 16 FCPs revealed 4 themes: (1) Remote consultations provide logistical benefits to the patient; (2) Compromised efficacy is the key challenge of remote consultations; (3) Challenges for FCPs working in areas of high deprivation; and (4) Remote consultations impact the health, wellbeing and work satisfaction of FCPs.ConclusionsRemote consultations offer a convenient alternative for patients, but may add to FCP stress particularly in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation. Further research is required to understand how remote consultations can be enhanced when communication barriers and lower levels of digital literacy exist. Continued monitoring of job satisfaction and resilience levels is important to ensure FCPs remain in their role.
Identification of Degenerated Murine Facial Nerves With Fluorescence Labeling After Transection Injury
Authors: Crawford Kayva L. , Lee Yu‐Jin , Hom Marisa , Rosenthal Eben L. , Orosco Ryan K. , Nguyen Quyen T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveDelayed peripheral nerve repair is complicated by nerve degeneration and atrophy that can prevent identification. We use a murine facial nerve transection model to demonstrate the efficacy of ALM‐488 (bevonescein) in labeling degenerated facial nerves with quantitative image analysis and qualitative survey data.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingLaboratory.MethodsTen wild‐type mice underwent transection of the lower facial nerve division with subsequent degeneration. Either 9 (n = 5 mice) or 12 (n = 5 mice) weeks later, mice underwent intravenous infusion of ALM‐488 with in vivo real‐time fluorescence imaging (FL) of the facial nerve. Using ImageJ, the mean gray value of each nerve segment under white light reflectance (WLR) and FL was compared to that of adjacent soft tissue to calculate the signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR). A survey was distributed to evaluate the perceived utility of ALM‐488 in surgeon identification of degenerated nerves.ResultsThe mean SBR of degenerated nerves was 1.08 (standard deviation [SD]: 0.07) under WLR and 2.11 (SD: 0.31) under FL (p < 0.001). In mice with degenerated nerves, survey participants identified on average 3.01 (SD: 1.84) nerve branches under WLR and 5.73 (SD: 1.88) under FL (p < 0.0001). Under FL, 47 of 48 survey responses correctly identified isolated, degenerated nerves; in contrast, only 12 responses identified degenerated nerves under WLR (p < 0.0001).ConclusionPreoperative intravenous infusion of ALM‐488 with FL improves the identification of degenerated facial nerves. ALM‐488 also improves surgeon confidence in nerve identification, particularly in degenerated nerve branches that are not visible with WLR.
Endoscopically assisted bone lid surgery for foreign body removal from the maxillary sinus and maxillary bone
Authors: Takaoka Shohei , Uchida Fumihiko , Ishibashi‐Kanno Naomi , Yamagata Kenji , Yanagawa Toru , Bukawa Hiroki 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundBone lid surgery (BLS) is commonly used for the removal of foreign bodies from the maxillary sinus.Case presentationImaging tests showed the presence of a foreign body in the maxillary bone, close to the maxillary sinus floor, and in the maxillary sinus. Removal of this foreign body was performed using endoscopically assisted BLS. Rough areas distinctly different from the surrounding bone were detected via endoscopy was removed.ConclusionWe assessed the effectiveness of endoscopically assisted BLS in the removal of foreign bodies from the maxillary sinus and maxillary bone.
Non‐typhoidal Salmonella bacteremia in a healthy young man after a maxillary cystectomy: A case report
Authors: Yoshitomi Izumi , Kawasaki Goro 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundNon‐typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of infectious diarrhea worldwide. Although NTS bacteremia is frequently observed in immunocompromised hosts, it rarely occurs in healthy subjects.Case presentationWe report a case in which a 15‐year‐old male was diagnosed with NTS bacteremia after undergoing an operation. He had a high temperature on the 6th postoperative day but did not exhibit any obvious gastrointestinal manifestations. A blood culture was positive for NTS. Cefotaxime was intravenous, and the patient's symptoms improved.ConclusionWe experienced a case of non‐typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), which is rare in healthy individuals.
Assessing the value of biodiversity‐specific footprinting metrics linked to South American soy trade
Authors: Molotoks Amy , Green Jonathan , Ribeiro Vivian , Wang Yunxia , West Chris 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

International demand for a small handful of commodities is a major driver of tropical deforestation and associated biodiversity loss. Previous commitments to reduce commodity‐driven deforestation have largely failed, yet there are currently various proposals in place globally, which aim to address the challenge of reducing overseas environmental impacts of supply chains.

However, many of these are highly focused on the issue of deforestation alone. Given that biodiversity objectives are often cited alongside protection of forests, deforestation rates are therefore often used as a proxy for biodiversity loss. Assessments exploring deforestation risk linked to commodity supply chains, enabled by increasingly granular information on sourcing patterns, therefore potentially overlook other important biodiversity concerns.

In response, we examine sourcing risks across three producer countries in South America for both forest loss and biodiversity for the example of soy production and trade, which has one of the largest embodied deforestation footprints in international supply chains. Using IUCN and Birdlife data, we create four simple biodiversity metrics to represent different aspects of species‐related biodiversity risk and link both these, and a forest loss metric representing soy driven deforestation, to sub‐national supply chain data to examine risks for the two largest importers from each producer country.

We find relatively little evidence of convergence between forest loss and biodiversity metrics, as well as divergence between the four biodiversity indicators both for different importers and across landscapes. This suggests not only that forest loss alone is unlikely to be an adequate proxy for biodiversity, especially at larger spatial scales when considering risks across sourcing patterns, but also that further work is necessary to develop a deeper understanding of interactions between more complex measures of biodiversity and their consequences for informing supply chain activities.

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Experiments and simulations on cookoff characteristics of a DNAN based cast explosive
Authors: Wang Xinjie , You Sa , Liu Ruifeng , Bai Mengjing , Duan Zhuoping , Huang Fenglei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncidents caused by fire and combat operations can heat energetic materials that may lead to thermal explosion and result in structural damage and casualty, thus understanding the response of energetic materials to thermal insults is crucial for the safety design and assessment of insensitive munitions. In the present work, cookoff characteristics of a new DNAN‐based cast explosive ROL‐1 are systematically analyzed. Small‐scale slow cookoff experiments were performed and an overall reaction kinetic model including the melt‐ignition model for DNAN was developed and implemented in FLUENT. The simulated results agree well with the experimental data, which verifies the validity of the model. The large‐scale fast cookoff experiment and simulation were then performed. Ignition behaviors as well as the reaction mechanism of ROL‐1 under slow and fast cookoffs are investigated. The heat generation rates are highly correlated to the temperature gradient, liquid phase fraction, and ignition behaviors in ROL‐1. The ignition of ROL‐1 happens at around 550 K, delaying the ignition temperature of the HMX (493 K) by nearly 60 K, indicating the potential substitution of NTO for HMX. The safety of ROL‐1 has proven to stand out in comparison to a range of mixed explosives.
A case of prolonged COVID‐19 treated with tixagevimab/cilgavimab
Authors: Shimizu Takahiro , Shirasaki Hiroki , Okafuji Kazuhiro , Sawazaki Aiko , Iwabuchi Tasuku , Matubayashi Ryo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA 54‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with a fever and cough. The patient had a medical history of follicular lymphoma treated with obinutuzumab. She was infected with an omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 and developed viral pneumonia. Antibiotics, molnupiravir, sotrovimab, and prednisolone were administered but were ineffective. The patient's symptoms and pneumonia persisted. She could not produce antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) because she was administered obinutuzumab. Finally, when we administered 300 mg of tixagevimab and cilgavimab, pneumonia immediately improved. However, the infection was prolonged for more than 4 months. Patients treated with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies may have a prolonged SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In such cases, tixagevimab/cilgavimab may be effective.