bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Close intervention sessions complement intensive insulin therapy in paediatric diabetes: a longitudinal study
Authors: Foran Jason , Egan Aisling , Somers Eric , O’Connell Susan M 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of multidisciplinary team input and intensive insulin therapy on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with diabetes over a 13-year period.DesignTwo statistical approaches were used to interrogate the dataset. First a matched pair analysis to compare insulin treatment-type effect (pump vs multiple daily injections (MDIs)), followed by panel data regression to assess the impact of intensive re-education on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), in addition to treatment type.SettingA large tertiary paediatric diabetes centre using a prospectively maintained database of clinical encounters from 2007 to 2020.Main outcome measuresDifference in HbA1c between treatment types (matching methodology) and expected change in HbA1c with treatment type and re-education (panel data).ResultsCompared with MDI, matched pump patients had a lower HbA1c 6 months after pump commencement (ΔHbA1c=-0.53%, CI -0.34% to -0.72%; n=106). This effect was robust in controlling for socioeconomic deprivation (ΔHbA1c=-0.74%, CI -0.40% to -1.08%; n=29). Panel data analysis demonstrated a -0.55% reduction in HbA1c with pump therapy compared with MDI therapy (CI -0.43% to -0.67%). Patients who had intensive re-education had recorded an HbA1c of 0.95% (CI 0.85% to 1.05%) greater than otherwise identical patients prior to re-education. Following these sessions, HbA1c dropped by a mean -0.81% (CI -0.68% to -0.95%) within 6 months. These were also robust in controlling for socioeconomic factors.ConclusionsCompared with matched peers on MDI regimens, patients on pump therapy have lower expected HbA1c, an effect sustained for up to 8 years. Intensive re-education is associated with a significant drop in previously elevated HbA1c levels.
FDA Approval Summary: Axicabtagene Ciloleucel for Second-Line Treatment of Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Sharma Poornima , Kasamon Yvette L. , Lin Xue , Xu Zhenzhen , Theoret Marc R. , Purohit-Sheth Tejashri 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In April 2022, the FDA approved axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) for adults with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) that is refractory to first-line chemoimmunotherapy or that relapses within 12 months of first-line chemoimmunotherapy. Approval was based on ZUMA-7, a randomized (1:1), open-label trial in 359 patients with primary refractory LBCL (74%) or early relapse who were transplant candidates. The study compared a single course of axi-cel to standard therapy, consisting of chemoimmunotherapy followed by high-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in responding patients. Overall, 94% of the experimental arm received chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product, and 35% of the control arm received on-protocol HSCT. The primary endpoint was event-free survival, which was significantly longer in the axi-cel arm with an HR of 0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.51; P value &lt; 0.0001) and estimated median of 8.3 months, versus 2.0 months with standard therapy. Among 168 recipients of axi-cel, cytokine release syndrome occurred in 92% (Grade ≥ 3, 7%), neurologic toxicity in 74% (Grade ≥ 3, 25%), prolonged cytopenias in 33%, and fatal adverse reactions in 1.8%. This is the first FDA approval of a CAR T-cell therapy for LBCL in the second-line setting and reflects a potential paradigm shift.
From Premalignant Biology to Precision Interception: Connecting the Dots with a Curated Collection of Invited Articles
Authors: Colbert Maresso Karen , Maitra Anirban , Hawk Ernest T. , Vilar Eduardo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractNearly all cancers have identifiable histologically defined precursors known as precancers. These precancers offer a window of opportunity to intercept the neoplastic process to prevent its development into invasive cancer. However, lack of knowledge regarding the evolution of precancers and the microenvironmental pressures shaping them precludes efforts to intercept them. Technological developments over the past decade have facilitated the study of precancers at a previously unattainable resolution. Calls for a national PreCancer Atlas effort incorporating these technologies were heeded in 2018, with the launch of the Human Tumor Atlas Network (HTAN) as part of the Beau Biden National Cancer Moonshot. Since then, five funded HTAN groups have focused their efforts on profiling precancers from breast, colon, skin, and lung. In this time, what progress has been made? What is next for HTAN and the field of premalignant biology? And are there lessons that individual investigators and the larger prevention field can learn from this initial effort to accelerate the development of novel early detection methods, risk prediction biomarkers, and interception agents? A special collection of invited reviews by experts in cancer evolution, systems biology, immunology, cancer genetics, preventive agent development, among other areas, attempts to answer these questions.
Phylogenetic relationships of the West African mud turtle (Pelusios castaneus) on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Central Africa
Authors: Guedes Patrícia , dos Santos Yodiney , Matilde Estrela , Alves João , Rato Catarina , Rocha Ricardo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
On the island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa, only one species of terrapin has been recorded: the West African mud turtle, Pelusios castaneus. Here, we use a mtDNA phylogenetic approach to shed light on the geographical origin of Pelusios castaneus on both islands. Our results indicate several independent colonisations from different African mainland regions (Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone and Congo). However, it is still unclear if the species arrived on the islands by natural dispersal (e.g., through vegetation rafts) or by human agency (e.g., as a food source). Our work provides important insights into the origins of P. castaneus in São Tomé and Príncipe, but a more in-depth study is needed to fully understand the origins and evolutionary histories of these populations.
Local German Salafists and Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jaraba Mahmoud 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Salafism in Germany is often viewed as a product of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to spread its conservative brand of Islam around the world. In recent years, the Kingdom has attempted to change its image both domestically and internationally by distinguishing itself from Salafism. The goal of this article is to look at how local Salafists, who have been supported by Saudi Arabia and religiously and ideologically shaped by Saudi Salafi scholars, are attempting to construct a localised and radicalised version of Salafism that is grounded in the German context, while also being critical of Saudi Arabia’s social liberalisation.
On Certain Classes of Rectangular Designs
Authors: Singh Mithilesh Kumar , Saurabh Shyam 
Published: July 2023

Rectangular designs are classified as regular, Latin regular, semi-regular, Latin semi-regular and singular designs. Some series of self-dual as well as α–resolvable designs which belong to the above classes are obtained. The building blocks of the designs are square (0, 1)-matrices. It is more general to view a class of designs based on an array than to view them based on disjoint groups of treatments of equal size. This generality enabled us to identify three subclasses of rectangular designs: Latin regular RDs, Latin semi-regular RDs and semi-regular L2-type designs which deserve further study. In every construction we obtain a matrix N with square (0, 1)-submatrices such that N becomes the incidence matrix of a rectangular design. The method is the reverse of the well-known tactical decomposition of the incidence matrix of a known design. The authors have already obtained some series of Group Divisible and L2-type designs using this method. Tactical decomposable designs are of great interest because of their connections with automorphisms of designs, see Bekar et al.[ 1 ] The rectangular designs constructed here are of statistical as well as combinatorial interest. AMS Subject Classification: 62K10, 05B05
Predictors of long-stay in a tertiary care psychiatry hospital in India
Authors: Vranda Mysore Narasimha , Ranjith Prabhu James , Aadi Shivaleela , Gunasekaran Durai Murukan , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Naveen Kumar Channaveerachari , Thirumoorthy Ammapattian , Vasanthra Cicil Radhakrishnan , Amaresha Anekal Chandrareddy 
Published: July 2023

Background: Many psychiatric patients continue to stay for longer duration in psychiatric institutions. Community reintegration and rehabilitation of such patients needs to be explored to ensure appropriate bed occupancy rates and access to in-patient care for newer patients in need of the same. Objectives: The aim is to identify the risk and protective factors leading to long-term admission of mentally ill patients in tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with all patients in the long-stay ward between May 2018 and February 2023. A retrospective chart review followed by cross sectional assessment of risks and disability was carried out with all the patients living in a long-stay psychiatric ward ( N = 101) at a tertiary hospital in Bangalore, India, between May 2018 and February 2023. Results: The hospital’s average length of stay (LOS) was 5.70 ± 8.30 years. The risk and protective factors for LOS in psychiatric hospitals were analyzed using the Poisson Regression model. The results revealed that the male gender, diagnosis of schizophrenia or psychosis, clinicians’ knowledge of family information, good clinical improvement, and higher participation in ward activities are the protective factors for a shorter hospital stay. While higher age, family history of mental illness, being married and employed, absence of children, and/or having family members rarely visiting the patient at the hospital were some factors that increased the risk of LOS. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of possible LOS predictors in the tertiary care psychiatric hospital. The multi-disciplinary team may utilize risk and protective factors for delayed LOS to introduce comprehensive psychosocial interventions and policies that reduce the risk of delays or length of stay in mental health hospitals.
The effect of nutrition on sleeve gastrectomy patients’ weight loss, biochemical measurements, and comorbids: A clinical study
Authors: Dallı Şen Seher , Erdem Nihal Zekiye 
Published: July 2023

Background This study investigates the effect of a nutrition program applied to patients as per bariatric surgery protocol at the sixth month postoperative. The study also compares and contrasts the postoperative findings with preoperative data. Methods Twenty severely obese sleeve gastrectomy patients between the ages of 18–65 participated in the study. Energy requirements were calculated as 22 kcal/ideal body weight (kg/day) and protein requirements as 1.5 g/ideal body weight (kg/day). The study evaluates patients’ anthropometric and biochemical measurements, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass (%), weight loss (%), excess weight loss (%), comorbids, and dietary habits at the third and sixth months preoperative and postoperative. Patients’ daily macro-micronutrient intake was also calculated. The Friedman Test and Cochran's Q test were performed to determine statistically significant data ( p < 0.05). Results During the first 6 months postoperative, patients lost 34 kg of weight and 16.7% of fat mass, and their percent excess weight loss was measured at 60.2% (<0.0001). Biochemical measurements of the patients revealed that fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and calcium levels, which were above the reference range in the preoperative period, were within this range in the postoperative period (<0.0001). Thirteen out of 21 comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pulmonary problems, and sleep apnea, improved at different rates in the sixth month postoperative. Conclusions Thanks to the nutrition program applied as per bariatric surgery protocol, patients lost weight, and their biochemical measurements and comorbids have improved following sleeve gastrectomy.
Challenging Organizational Factors Associated With Admission Delay to Intensive Care Unit—A Novel Quality Indicator
Authors: Jakobson Daniel J. , Bashkin Osnat , Kalatskaya Viktoria , Veinberg Halel , Chernoguz Evgeny , Nesi Vicky , Levy Chezy , Sherer Yaniv 
Published: July 2023

Background Delays in admitting patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) can defer the timely initiation of life-sustaining therapies and invasive monitoring, jeopardizing the success of the treatment. Nevertheless, the availability of research on interventions that reduce or minimize admission delays is limited. Objectives The current study aimed to assess the factors related to delays in admission times of critically ill patients transferred to the ICU. Methods A software was designed to follow-up, compare and measure the defined intervals of the time to admission, implemented at the ICU for 6 months. Measurements included 5 time intervals, referral department, and work shift at admission. Data from 1004 patients admitted to the ICU between July 2017 and January 2020 were analyzed in a retrospective observational study. Results Precisely, 53.9% of total patients were referred from the hospital emergency department, and 44% were admitted during the evening shift. Significant differences were found in time intervals between shifts, showing the morning round had the longer total admission time (median: 67.8 min). Analysis showed that admission time was longer at times of full capacity compared to times of available bed (mean: 56.4 and 40.2 min, respectively; U = 68,722, p < .05). Findings demonstrated a significant shortening of time to admission after implementing a new time monitoring software by the Institutional Quality Control Commission ( U  =  5072, p < .001). Conclusions Our study opens doors for potential studies on applying effective initiatives in critical care settings to improve patient care and outcomes. Additionally, it generates new insights regarding how clinicians and nursing teams can jointly develop and promote multidisciplinary interventions in intensive care work environments.
Dropping the mask: It takes two
Authors: Cook Julia M , Crane Laura , Mandy William 
Published: July 2023

In some social situations, autistic people feel pressure to modify their innate social behaviour (i.e. camouflage), while in other social situations they feel free to engage in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. To date, the latter aspect of autistic people’s experience has rarely been explored. Using an online qualitative survey, this study examined 133 autistic people’s experiences and perspectives of socialising in ways that felt authentic to them, with a particular focus on mixed-neurotype interactions and the role of nonautistic people. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were generated: (1) embracing diverse communication styles, interests and perspectives; (2) creating a more inclusive mixed-neurotype social environment together; (3) minimising and managing mixed-neurotype miscommunication in mutually beneficial ways; and (4) enjoyable interactions involving reduced anxiety and exhaustion as well as genuine connection and rapport. These findings are discussed with reference to theory and research involving the construct of authenticity both inside and outside the field of autism research. The knowledge generated in this study illuminates a previously underexplored aspect of autistic people’s experience and elucidates potential avenues through which to enhance the social experiences and well-being of this group. Lay abstract In some situations, autistic people feel pressure to change their social behaviour by camouflaging. In other situations, autistic people feel they don’t need to change their social behaviour. Instead, they feel they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Past research has tended to focus on autistic people’s experiences of camouflaging rather than their experiences of authenticity. In this study, we asked autistic people what it is like for them when they can socialise in ways that feel authentic or true to themselves. Autistic people described authentic-feeling socialising as more free, spontaneous and open than camouflaging. In supportive environments, this kind of socialising had more positive and less negative consequences than camouflaging. Autistic people felt that having self-awareness and acceptance of their own social needs and being around autistic and nonautistic people who were accepting and understanding helped them to socialise in authentic-feeling ways. Autistic people also spoke about communication behaviours they felt nonautistic people should use to help overcome misunderstandings and create autism-friendly social environments. These findings suggest it is helpful for autistic people to have access to supportive and accepting social environments in which they feel able to socialise in ways that feel authentic to them. In creating such social environments, it is important to focus on nonautistic people’s knowledge and attitude towards autistic people and also their ability to use helpful communication behaviours.
Effect of oral nutritional supplements on outcomes in children presenting with, or at risk of, faltering growth in clinical settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cawood AL , Smith C , Kinnear FJ , Upton L , Trace S , O’Connor G , Stratton RJ 
Published: July 2023

This systematic review summarises evidence regarding oral nutritional supplement (ONS) use in children with, or at risk of, faltering growth (FG). Ten randomised controlled trials (RCTs), compared changes in outcomes amongst children receiving ONS versus control were included. Overall, 1116 children (weighted mean (WM) age 5 years; n658 (59%) male) were recruited, of which 585 (52%) received ONS (WM intake contribution 412 kcal, 16.3 g protein, 395 ml) for 116 days (WM). ONS use was associated with significantly greater gains in weight (mean difference (MD) 0.4 kg, 95% CI [0.36, 0.44]) and height (MD 0.3 cm, 95% CI [0.03, 0.57]), likely related to improvements in nutritional intake. Mean compliance to prescribed dose was 98%. Data suggested an association between ONS use and reduced infections. Further research is warranted to establish ONS dosage and effects upon other outcomes. This review provides evidence to support use of ONS in the management of children with, or at risk of, FG.
Persistent flow inside the Woven EndoBridge at angiographic follow-up: A multicenter study
Authors: Janot Kevin , Charbonnier Guillaume , Marnat Gaultier , Sporns Peter , Burel Julien , Papagiannaki Chrysanthi , Forestier Geraud , Hak Jean-Francois , Agripnidis Thibault , Bolognini Frederico , Lebedinsky Pablo Ariel , Ifergan Heloise , Bibi Richard , Herbreteau Denis , Adeniran Bankole Nourou Dine , Biondi Alessandra , Barreau Xavier , Guédon Alexis , Shotar Eimad , Clarençon Frederic , Kerleroux Basile , Boulouis Grégoire , Bala Fouzi , Rouchaud Aymeric 
Published: July 2023

Background The occurrence of persistent intra-device filling (BOSS 1, using the Bicêtre Occlusion Scale Score (BOSS)) in aneurysms treated with a Woven Endobridge (WEB) device is infrequent based on angiographic follow-up. To date, three monocentric case series were published studying BOSS 1 cases. Through a multicenter retrospective study, we aimed to report the incidence, and risk factors of intra-WEB persistent filling. Methods We reached out to European academic centers that treat patients using WEB devices and requested de-identified data of patients treated with a WEB device and underwent angiographic follow-up, at least 3 months after embolization, to assess the BOSS 1 occlusion score. We compared baseline characteristics, treatment modalities, and aneurysm data of the included BOSS 1 patients with those of a control group consisting of non-BOSS 1 patients ( n = 116) who had an available angiographic follow-up. Univariable and multivariable models were employed for analysis. Results Among the pooled sample of 591 aneurysms treated with WEB, the rate of persistent flow (BOSS 1) at angiographic follow-up was 5.2% ( n = 31 out of 591), performed after an average of 8.7 ± 6.3 months. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, dual antiplatelet therapy in the postoperative period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.3 [95% CI 1.3–14.2]), and WEB undersizing (aOR 10.8 [95% CI 2.9–40]) were independently associated with a BOSS 1 persistent flow result. Conclusion Persistent blood flow within the WEB device during angiographic follow-up (BOSS 1) is an uncommon occurrence. Our findings indicate that post-procedural dual antiplatelet therapy and undersizing of the WEB device are independently associated with the presence of BOSS 1 at follow-up.
A randomized comparison of two-stage versus traditional one-stage consent for a low-stakes randomized trial
Authors: Vickers Andrew J , Vertosick Emily A , Austria Mia , Gaffney Christopher D , Carlsson Sigrid V , Kim Scott YH , Ehdaie Behfar 
Published: July 2023

Background/Aims It has been proposed that informed consent for randomized trials should be split into two stages, with the purported advantage of decreased information overload and patient anxiety. We compared patient understanding, anxiety and decisional quality between two-stage and traditional one-stage consent. Methods We approached patients at an academic cancer center for a low-stakes trial of a mind–body intervention for procedural distress during prostate biopsy. Patients were randomized to hear about the trial by either one- or two-stage consent (n = 66 vs n = 59). Patient-reported outcomes included Quality of Informed Consent (0–100); general and consent-specific anxiety and decisional conflict, burden, and regret. Results Quality of Informed Consent scores were non-significantly superior for two-stage consent, by 0.9 points (95% confidence interval = −2.3, 4.2, p = 0.6) for objective and 1.1 points (95% CI = −4.8, 7.0, p = 0.7) for subjective understanding. Differences between groups for anxiety and decisional outcomes were similarly small. In a post hoc analysis, consent-related anxiety was lower among two-stage control patients, likely because scores were measured close to the time of biopsy in the two-stage patients receiving the experimental intervention. Conclusion Two-stage consent maintains patient understanding of randomized trials, with some evidence of lowered patient anxiety. Further research is warranted on two-stage consent in higher-stakes settings.