bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal governance mechanisms and information value of banks’ earnings
Authors: Elnahass Marwa , Tahir Muhammad , Abdul Rahman Ahmed Noora , Salama Aly 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study examines the association between internal corporate governance mechanisms (i.e. board of directors and audit committee) and the information value of bank earnings. The authors comparatively assess this association across different bank types, Islamic versus conventional banks. The authors also investigate the mediating effect of Shariah governance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilize a unique and an international sample of 723 bank-year observations representing 100 listed banks from 16 countries during the period 2007–2015. The authors investigate the characteristics of the board of directors and audit committee (i.e. size and independence) and employ three core analyses for earnings informativeness (i.e. earnings persistence, cash flow predictability and reliability of loan loss provisions). Additional analyses address Shariah supervisory boards’ (SSBs’) size, financial expertise and multiple outside directorships. The authors use the random-effect Generalised Least Squares (GLS) estimation technique and provide several robustness checks and sensitivities.FindingsThe authors find that, on average, having large and independent boards (and audit committees) increases the informativeness of reported earnings for banks. Conditional on bank type, our results report strong evidence for differential effects across the two alternative banking systems. In Islamic banks, large and independent board of directors (and audit committees) is positively associated with all measures of information value. There is insignificant evidence for conventional banks. However, SSBs show no significant effect on the reported earnings’ informativeness.Originality/valueThis is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, that empirically and comparatively assesses the information value of reported earnings in association with effective internal governance while recognizing the institutional characteristics of different bank types. The authors offer new insights to policymakers, investors and other stakeholders located within countries operating on a dual banking system. The results could help regulators to improve their rules/guidance related to double-layer governance and financial reporting quality.
“This is not going to be a quick fix”: a grounded theory study of superintendents leading school integration through redistricting
Authors: Leh Krista E. , Mayger Linda Kay , Yuknis Christina 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study investigated how superintendents lead the process of within-district racial and socioeconomic integration.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers used Constructivist Grounded Theory methodology to analyze interviews with superintendents, documents and videos from four school districts in suburban, southeastern Pennsylvania.FindingsThe emergent “Leadership for In-District Integration” theory indicated that superintendents who led redistricting initiatives aligned their systems for organizational equity only after developing culturally competent leadership practices and building trusting relationships within the school community. Despite these efforts, only two of the four districts achieved racial or socioeconomic balance in the targeted grade levels. In all districts the efforts to integrate their schools for equity were ongoing.Practical implicationsThe current study's findings indicate that school leaders may face less conflict with constituents about school desegregation if they capitalize on existing needs to redraw district boundaries for other purposes. Superintendents seeking to engage in such work should set clear goals for what constitutes desegregation, view integration as more than demographic balancing and seek support to develop culturally competent leadership practices that build trusting relationships among community members.Originality/valueThe Leadership for In-District Integration theory adds conceptual and practical value to the field of educational administration by effectively illustrating what it meant to superintendents to integrate a school system and revealing insights that may help other school leaders make such a change. This research is significant because it is one of the few studies that focuses primarily on leadership factors associated with integration within suburban school districts.
America’s greatest entrepreneurs and businesspeople: the third decennial survey of business historians
Authors: McCormick Blaine , Bean Jonathan 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to continue and extend the ongoing conversation about greatness in American business.

Design/methodology/approach
This survey, conducted in 2021, replicates and extends McCormick and Folsom’s 2001 and 2011 rankings of the greatest entrepreneurs and businesspeople in American history. The authors’ pool surveyed 51 experts to develop an updated ranking and explore factors of greatness.

Findings
Henry Ford topped the ranking followed by John D. Rockefeller and Steve Jobs. Business scholars ranked Oprah Winfrey the greatest female and minority businessperson.

Originality/value
The authors extend previous research by surveying the authors’ expert pool about factors of greatness in American business history. “Ability to imagine or envision the future” ranked highest with “created wealth for shareholders” in last place.
The EU MiCA Directive – chances and risks from a compliance perspective
Authors: Teichmann Fabian Maximilian Johannes , Boticiu Sonia Ruxandra , Sergi Bruno S. 
Published: May 2023

Purpose
This study aims to review the current EU approach to regulating crypto assets. It highlights the key points, opportunities and risks of the MiCA regulation, which is designed to provide a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets in the EU.

Design/methodology/approach
To do so, the authors extensively reviewed the literature and reports from several advisory and watchdog bodies and international organizations.

Findings
Although MiCA is an ambitious piece of legislation, there are still many unresolved issues and questions that the new regulation raises. Controversially several items have also been excluded from the MiCA regulations, including decentralized finance, non-fungible tokens unless they qualify under the existing cryptocurrency categories, as well as central bank digital currencies.

Originality/value
This study also addresses the Liechtenstein Token Act Regulation, which is considered to have served as a model for the EU MiCA Directive and the regulation of cryptocurrencies at the European level.
Beyond LMX: toward a theory-based, differentiated view of leader–member relationships
Authors: London Manuel , Volmer Judith , Zyberaj Jetmir 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis conceptual article develops a theory-based set of themes that characterize how a leader and member interact based on their attachment style, motivation to lead and follow and their interpersonal orientation.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes that the leader's and member's attachment styles, effectuated by their motivation to lead and/or follow and their interpersonal orientation, determine the emergence of primary (most frequently occurring) and secondary (less frequently occurring) leader–member relationship (LMR) themes.FindingsThe themes are labelled mutual affirmation, control, prestige, mutual indifference, conflict, imbalance and co-dependence. The article describes how these seven themes are grounded in their own streams of research, including leader–member exchange (LMX) as the basis for the first three, and how the themes vary in behaviors that generate the operational outcomes of psychological safety, proactivity and functionality, which, in turn, yield performance outcomes. Performance outcomes affect the leader's and member's perceptions of their relationship and their anticipation for the future. Leader–member similarity, situational pressures and perceptions of others' relationships moderate LMR development.Research limitations/implicationsEach theme reflects a pattern of interactions that produces degrees of psychological safety felt by the leader and member, proactivity of the leader and member to devote energy to their relationship and how well the leader and member function together. The behaviors, in turn, influence how the leader and member perceive each other and themselves and their anticipation for the future of the relationship.Practical implicationsThe model can be used by organizational development and human resource professionals to assess leader–member dyads and train leaders and members to be aware of factors that influence their relationship and how these factors affect performance outcomes.Originality/valueThe model contributes to the literature on leader–member relationships by suggesting a theory-based set of themes that characterize how the leader and team member interact and how their relationship develops.
Consumer confusion and its consequences in the e-hospitality marketplace: the mediating role of negative emotions
Authors: Sharma Anuradha , Singh Jagwinder , Prakash Gyan 
Published: May 2023

PurposeCluttered website layout and a poor presentation of information on limited web space are present on tourism websites as ineffective marketplace stimuli that give rise to the problem of consumers' confusion. Based on stimulus organism response theory (SOR), this research investigates the three-dimensional confusion framework, its direct and indirect effect on negative eWOM, and consumers' decision postponement, considering negative emotion as a mediator.Design/methodology/approachOn the data gathered from 501 respondents, structural equation modelling was used to test the proposed research hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal the existence of the ineffective marketplace stimulus as an antecedent of consumer confusion. Further outcomes validate the cognitive, affective and response behaviour state by demonstrating the direct influence of different types of confusion on negative emotions, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and decision postponement. The association between cognitive and response behaviour is also mediated by negative emotion.Practical implicationsThe study offers substantial practical insights for managers and company operators to better grasp the significance of the affective dimension in consumer confusion in view of the extended SOR model to encapsulate the role of human consciousness.Originality/valueThis study is among the first extensive studies to examine consumer confusion in the context of the modified SOR model that captures the essence of human consciousness by understanding the role of affective emotions between various confusions, negative eWOM and decision postponement. In addition, the ineffective marketplace stimulus as a confusion antecedent and negative eWOM as a response behaviour were studied for the first time.
Computational modeling and simulations for predicting the nonlinear responses of reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Pandimani  
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe ultimate capacity and ductility behavior of a reinforced concrete (RC) beam generally depends on its constituent material properties. This study aims to use ANSYS to accentuate the nonlinear parametric finite element (FE) simulations of RC sections under monotonic loading.Design/methodology/approachThe concrete matrix and steel reinforcement are the primary constituent materials of RC beams. The material properties such as tensile reinforcement area, tensile bars yield strength, concrete compressive strength and strain rate in tensile reinforcement at nominal strength have significantly influenced the ultimate response of RC beams. Therefore, these intensive parameters are considered in this study to ascertain their effect on the RC beam's ultimate behavior. The nonlinear response up to the ultimate load capacity and the crack evolutions of RC beams are predicted efficiently.FindingsThe parametric study reveals that increasing the tensile steel reinforcements (from Ast = 213–857 mm2) significantly improves the ultimate load capacity by 229% and yield deflections by 20%. However, it declines the ultimate deflection by 47% and ductility by 56% substantially. Varying the strain limit (?tn = 0.010–0.0015) of tensile reinforcement has proficiently increased the ultimate load-resisting capacity by 20%, whereas the ductility declined by 62%. When the concrete strength increases (from fck = 25–65 MPa), the cracking load increases profoundly by 51%, whereas the ultimate capacity has found an insignificant effect.Originality/valueThe load-deflection response plots extracted from the proposed numerical model exhibit satisfactory accuracy (less than 9% deviation) against the experimental curves available in the literature, which emphasizes the proficiency of the proposed FE model.
Perceived stress and mental health during the pandemic of COVID-19: an examination of Taiwanese police officers
Authors: Chu Doris C. 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThis study aims to examine Taiwanese male and female police officers' perceived stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachData were analyzed based on surveys conducted with 1,671 officers in various cities and counties between May and July of 2021, during the period of level 3 alert of COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.FindingsIt was found that officers who perceived poor inter-agency coordination and higher risk of infection, and those who were assigned to home quarantine duty and stationed in the metropolitan areas of Taipei, which suffered the worst spread of infected cases, were more likely to exhibit a higher level of stress. On the other hand, police identity, COVID-19 self-legitimacy, supervisor support, COVID-19 information and adaptive emotion regulation were found to be associated with an enhanced level of mental health.Research limitations/implicationsThe surveys were conducted at the beginning of the community outbreak. Given the cross sectional nature of the data, the findings may not reflect officers' mental health at different phases of the pandemic.Originality/valueSuch study can add a cross-national perspective that can be utilized to generalize about policy perspectives related to police mental health at times of health crises, such as COVID-19 pandemic.
Library workers on the front lines of conspiracy theories in the US: one nationwide survey
Authors: Beene Stephanie , Greer Katie 
Published: May 2023

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether and in what ways library workers in the United States encountered patrons espousing beliefs in conspiracy theories and, if so, to explore the effectiveness of the strategies they used to address information disorder during the interactions.Design/methodology/approachThe study was designed with an exploratory qualitative approach. Data were collected via an online survey posted to national and state library association listservs, utilizing a self-selected sampling method. Researchers inductively and deductively analyzed results, developing predetermined themes based on the research questions, then iteratively integrating unexpected data during coding.FindingsA total of 334 responses were received over two weeks. Data represent library workers from 43 states and Washington, D.C., including various types of libraries. Library workers interacted with patrons with conspiratorial thinking, and both library workers and patrons evidenced a range of emotions and motivations.Originality/valueThis is the first national study to survey library workers and whether they encountered patrons espousing conspiracy theories. While the sample size is small, themes elucidate various strategies that library workers use for interacting with patrons who express some level of conspiracy ideation.
Does the temperature–size rule apply to marine protozoans?
Authors: Calbet Albert , Saiz Enric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The temperature–size rule suggests that there is a negative relationship between the size (volume) of an ectothermic organism and the environmental temperature experienced during its development

We question how to validate this hypothesis for the particular case of some algivorous protozoans because in many of these unicellular organisms, body size is directly related to the consumption of prey and, on most occasions, the true size of the cell is uncertain.

In our opinion, to approach this question, the actual size of the protozoan should be measured when the prey are fully digested.

To prove our arguments, we designed a series of experiments with the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina, including functional and numerical responses, time‐dependent acclimation responses and the estimation of the protozoan volume during absence of food.

We found that after the digestion of the prey Rhodomonas salina, the size of our long‐term thermally acclimated strains of Oxyrrhis marina was the same regardless of the temperature (16 and 22°C).

We believe that previous reports showing protozoan size reduction because of temperature might actually reflect imbalances between ingestion and digestion of prey, perhaps amplified by insufficient acclimation.

In support of the previous argument, we found evidence that short‐term temperature exposure experiments may suggest a negative relationship between well‐fed protozoan size and temperature, although this was not observed after long‐term acclimation.

In light of the results presented here, we suggest that the actual evidence supporting the temperature–size rule in algivorous protozoans may not be sufficiently conclusive because most of the present studies largely ignore the effect of prey presence on the grazer's volume and are usually based on short‐term responses to temperature.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Healthy eating blog readership: A cross‐sectional survey in Australian adults
Authors: Mete Rebecca , Shield Alison , Murray Kristen , Bacon Rachel , Kellett Jane 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether members of the public read blogs for the purpose of accessing healthy eating information; examine demographic predictors of healthy eating blog readership, specifically education, gender, age, body mass index, and residential location; and explore the reasons for reading, and not reading, healthy eating blogs.MethodsThis study used a cross‐sectional online self‐reported survey design collected over three time points (round 1: December 2017–March 2018, round 2: August 2018–December 2018, round 3: December 2021–March 2022). The total sample of participants comprised of 238 respondents with a mean age of 46 years old, who mostly reported gender as female (82%), being educated with a university degree (69%), and predominantly resided in urban and city areas (84%).ResultsFifty‐one percent of respondents reported reading healthy eating blogs, suggesting that consumers were proactively seeking healthy eating information through this avenue. Participants who identified as female were 3.2 times more likely to read healthy eating blogs. Commonly, healthy eating blogs were read to receive practical information that aligned with current food choices. The main reason participants reported not reading healthy eating blogs was not thinking about using them (29%).ConclusionsUnderstanding who is seeking healthy eating information through blogs, and their reasons doing so, is important to continue research into the potential effectiveness of blogs as a platform to communicate healthy eating and nutrition messages. This study provides direction for further investigation into how dietetics professionals could effectively use blogs to disseminate healthy eating information and positively influence consumer food choices and dietary intake.
Fueling employee proactive behavior: The distinctive role of Chinese enterprise union practices from a conservation of resources perspective
Authors: Han Mingyan , Zhang Maolong , Hu Enhua , Shan Hongmei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractGiven its importance to organizational development, interest in exploring the antecedents of employee proactive behavior has grown exponentially. Moving beyond the traditional managerial mindset, we highlight the role of Chinese enterprise union practices in fueling proactive behavior. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, we argue that Chinese enterprise union practices can exert a downward influence on proactive behavior, and critically, this cross‐level effect can be accounted for through perceived insider status and affective commitment. Multilevel structural equation modeling based on a sample of 433 employees from 43 enterprises supported the hypotheses. This study responds to previous calls for action to commence a multidisciplinary perspective to explore predictors of proactive behavior, and contributes to a deeper understanding of the distinctive characteristics and unique effects of trade unions in China. It also presents implications for broader union research and workplace partnership initiatives aimed at promoting better labor relationships.
Effect of Lactobacillus (L. acidophilus NCIB1899, L. casei CRL 431, L. paracasei LP33) fermentation on free and bound polyphenolic, antioxidant activities in three Chenopodium quinoa cultivars
Authors: Zhang Jigang , Huang Xudong , Cheng Jianghua , Wang Chuyan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation to the production of probiotic beverages is a common method for modifying the health‐related functional characteristics and phytochemical content of such beverages. This study evaluated the effect of fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus NCIB1899, Lactobacillus casei CRL 431, and Lactobacillus paracasei LP33 on the total phenolic contents (PCs), flavonoid contents (FCs), phenolic profiles, and antioxidant capacities of the solvent‐extractable (free) and cell‐wall‐bound (bound) fractions in quinoa varying in bran color. Compared with unfermented beverages, LAB fermentation significantly increased the free PCs and free FCs by 15.7%–79.4% and 7.6%–84.3%, respectively. The bound PCs increased, whereas bound FCs decreased in fermented black and red quinoa juice. The increments of procyanidin B2, protocatechuic acid, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, rutin, and kaempferol through 30 h fermentation exceeded 189%–622%, 13.8%–191%, 55.6%–100%, 48.5%–129%, and 120%–325%, respectively. However, the contents of catechin, procyanidin B1, and ferulic acid decreased with fermentation. Overall, L. acidophilus NCIB1899, L. casei CRL431, and L. paracasei LP33 strains may be suitable for producing fermented quinoa probiotic beverages. L. acidophilus NCIB1899 was superior for fermentation to L. casei CRL431 and L. paracasei LP33. Red and black quinoa had significantly higher total (sum of free and bound) PC and FC concentrations and antioxidant capacities than white quinoa (p < 0.05) because of their higher concentrations of proanthocyanins and polyphenol, respectively.Practical ApplicationIn this study, different LAB (L. acidophilus NCIB1899, L. casei CRL431, and L. paracasei LP33) were singly inoculated on aqueous solutions from quinoa to ferment probiotic beverage and to compare the metabolic capacity of LAB strains on nonnutritive phytochemicals (phenolic compounds). We observed that LAB fermentation greatly enhanced the phenolic and antioxidant activity of quinoa. The comparison indicated that the L. acidophilus NCIB1899 strain has the highest fermentation metabolic capacity.