bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized thermal oxidation strategy for amorphous carbon removal in wet-spun carbon nanotube fibers
Authors: Jeong Se Eun , Lee Dongju , Kim Junghwan , Heo So Jeong , Im Byeong Woo , Piao Yuanzhe , Ku Bon-Cheol , Kim Seo Gyun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent an advanced material with exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, realizing these properties in fiber applications requires effective removal of impurities particularly amorphous carbon. This study presents an optimized thermal oxidation strategy to remove amorphous carbon while preserving the nanotube structure. We investigated various oxidation conditions, focusing on temperature-time conditions and their effects on single-walled CNT (SWCNT) structure and fiber formation. Here, we suggested the optimal oxidation parameters (400 °C, 12 h) that effectively removed amorphous carbon while maintaining the sp2
carbon structure. SWCNTs treated under optimal conditions exhibited improved dispersibility in chlorosulfonic acid and formed a liquid-crystalline phase. The resulting SWCNT fibers exhibited improved specific tenstile strength (0.80 N tex−1) and modulus (124 N tex−1) compared to fibers treated at high temperatures (500 °C) where structural degradation occurred due to excessive thermal oxidation. This study provides a foundational approach to fabricating high-performance SWCNT fibers through a controlled oxidation process, contributing to the development of high-performance CNT fibers for various applications.
Electrically reconfigurable surface acoustic wave phase shifters based on ZnO TFTs on LiNbO3 substrate
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xiong Zilong , He Lewei , Jiang Yang , Deng Chenkai , Du Fangzhou , Wen Kangyao , Tang Chuying , Hu Qiaoyu , Li Mujun , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Wenhui , Wang Han , Wang Qing , Yu Hongyu , Wang Zhongrui 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Reconfigurable surface acoustic wave (SAW) phase shifters have garnered significant attention owing to their potential applications in emerging fields such as secure wireless communication, adaptable signal processing, and intelligent sensing systems. Among various modulation methods, employing gate voltage-controlled tuning methodologies that leverage acoustoelectric interactions has proven to be an efficient modulation approach that requires a low bias voltage. However, current acoustoelectric devices suffer from limited tunability, intricate heterogeneous structures, and complex manufacturing processes, all of which impede their practical applications. In this study, we present a novel material system for voltage-tunable SAW phase shifters. This system incorporates an atomic layer deposition ZnO thin-film transistors on LiNbO3 structure. This structure combines the benefits of LiNbO3’s high electromechanical coupling coefficient (K
2) and ZnO’s superior conductivity adjustability. Besides, the device possesses a simplified structural configuration, which is easy to fabricate. Devices with different mesa lengths were fabricated and measured, and two of the different modes were compared. The results indicate that both the maximum phase shift and attenuation of the Rayleigh mode and longitudinal leaky SAW (LLSAW) increase proportionally with mesa length. Furthermore, LLSAW with larger effective electromechanical coupling coefficients (

K

eff

2

) values exhibits greater phase velocity shifts and attenuation coefficients, with a maximum phase velocity tuning of 1.22% achieved. It is anticipated that the proposed devices will find utility in a variety of applications necessitating tunable acoustic components.
EMC-YOLO: a feature enhancement and fusion based surface defect detection for hot rolled strip steel
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Wan Xin , Zhang Mingyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Steel is one of the most common and widely used materials in modern industrial production, and has been widely and deeply used in the field of engineering construction. However, the manufacturing process and external factors can lead to defect problems that seriously affect the quality and appearance of the steel. Defects have the characteristics of multi-scale, weak texture, many dense and small defects, and interference in the processing environment, which are challenging for the actual location and classification of defects. The detection of these surface defects is challenging due to their multi-scale nature, weak textures, numerous small defects, and complex background interference. To address these challenges, an EMC-YOLO algorithm is proposed to detect defects accurately. First, an Enhanced Fast Feature Extraction (EFFE) module is constructed. It integrates local saliency information with global saliency information and achieves multi-depth feature fusion. The EFFE replaces the bottleneck structure of C2F, enhancing feature extraction capabilities. Secondly, to optimize multi-scale defect feature detection for small and elongated defects, a Multi-Scale Receptive Field Spatial. Pooling Fast Pyramid (MRF-SPPF) module is proposed. Finally, Cross-Reinforced Connections Across Spatial Features (CCASF) is designed to give full play to the feature representation extracted after backbone network enhancement and deeply integrate it with neck features. This closely links the enhanced backbone features with the enriched neck features. On the NEU-DET dataset, the mAP value of the proposed model is improved by 3.5%, and the accuracy of the model finally reaches 80.7%. At the same time, in another GC10-DET dataset, our model also achieved 73.5% mAP value. It achieves good accuracy while satisfying real-time performance. It has a good application prospect in the actual strip processing.
Grid-connected applications using a seven-level switched capacitor-based reduced switch component multilevel inverter
Authors: Sinha Rajiv Ranjan , Mandal Rajib Kumar 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The majority of nations in the world now generate power from renewable sources, including wind, tidal, and photovoltaic (PV) due to the rising need for electricity with the depletion of fossil fuels. The study of photovoltaic cells as a substitute source for producing power has garnered significant attention among these. In the present paper, a novel switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with the fewest possible components is presented. Using two capacitors rated at half the input voltage, nine semiconductor switches, and a single dc source, the inverter produces a seven-level output waveform across the load. This suggested SCMLI has several important advantages, such as the capacity to raise voltage up to three times the input voltage, fewer devices, no bidirectional switches, capacitor self-balancing, and a lower total standing voltage (TSV). The working principles, capacitor voltage balance, and control method are all thoroughly examined in this article. In-depth analyses are also offered, including power loss, efficiency analysis, cost function per level (CF/NLev), and switch device power (SDP) ratings. Using simulation tests with MATLAB/SIMULINK software, the steady-state and dynamical characteristics of the projected topology (PT) are evaluated, and the results are validated through empirical investigations. Additionally, a comparison of the suggested SCMLI with other released multilevel inverters (MLIs) is included in this paper. Ultimately, findings related to the verification of the PT’s performance for a single-stage connected to the grid photovoltaic (PV) equipment are presented. Finally, experimental results on a laboratory prototype confirm the proposed inverter ability to increase the input by a ratio of three.
Patterns and trends of heat and wildfire smoke indicators across rural–urban and social vulnerability gradients in Idaho
Authors: Seydi Seyd Teymoor , Pierce Jennifer , Abatzoglou John T , Radin Anna , Sims Ethan , Flint Hilary , Wicks Stephanie , Henderson Eric , Chittoori Bhaskar , Sadegh Mojtaba 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Climate change poses a grave threat to human health with disparate impacts across society. While populations with high social vulnerability generally bear a larger burden of exposure to and impact from environmental hazards; such patterns and trends are less explored at the confluence of social vulnerability and rural–urban gradients. We show that in rural regions in Idaho, low vulnerability populations had both the highest long-term average and the highest increase rate of exposure to heatwaves from 2002–2020, coincident with a higher population density in low—as compared to high—vulnerability rural census tracts. In urban areas, however, high vulnerability populations accounted for the highest long-term average and increase rate of heatwave exposure; they also accounted for highest population density. Contrary to regional warming trends, population-weighted maximum summer land surface temperature (LST-Max) showed a negative trend across Idaho in the past two decades coincident with increasing neighborhood greenness. Our results show that increasing population density in southern Idaho with a Mediterranean climate and hot summers is correlated with increasing greenness—associated with development of barren land and growing trees planted in former developments—and declining LST-Max. Furthermore, we show that while ambient air quality in the past two decades improved in southern Idaho—consistent with national trends—it worsened in northern Idaho. Wildfire smoke concentrations also increased across Idaho, with pronounced trends in northern Idaho. Our findings indicate that while climatic extremes continue to increasingly threaten human lives, nature-based solutions—such as neighborhood greening, where allowed by environmental and social factors—can mitigate some of the adverse impacts of climate change.
Aging and the Threat of Normative Poverty
Authors: Scheffler Samuel 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter addresses a threat that confronts many people as they age, the threat of normative poverty. As we get older, many of our relationships with other people are ended by the deaths of those people. This threatens to leave us with a shortage of the relationship-dependent reasons that structure our lives. The shortage of these reasons amounts to a condition of normative poverty. The chapter assesses two responses to this threat, arguing that each by itself is inadequate. The first says that we should avoid normative poverty by developing new relationships. The second asserts that relationships that have ended nevertheless continue to be sources of relationship-dependent reasons. The chapter then argues that there is a deeper problem underlying the threat of normative poverty, which is that our best ways of acknowledging the value of relationships that have ended seem incongruous with that value itself.
Use of a trigger tool to describe and screen drug-related hospital admissions in older adults: the TRIGGAge retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dauny Vincent , Minaud Alix , Boutitie Léa , Genet Bastien , Boddaert Jacques , Zerah Lorene 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Drug-related hospital admissions (DRAs) can account for 5%–40% of total hospital admissions in older adults, with a significant proportion deemed preventable. To increase the detection of DRAs, in 2021, a revised trigger tool listing 21 frequent causes of admissions and medications at risk was proposed. This study aimed to describe DRAs using this trigger tool in a French acute geriatric ward and to assess the performance of the tool.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study in a 20-bed geriatric unit including all patients hospitalised in 2023. During the first quarter of 2024, each patient’s chart was adjudicated by using a two-step standardised review procedure to assess whether the admission was a DRA. The potentially at cause medications and reasons for admission were also assessed.

Results
During the study period, 483 patients were hospitalised in the acute-care geriatric ward (mean age 86.7 ± 6.15 years). After adjudication, 207 admissions (43%) were identified as DRAs; 70% were considered preventable. The main causes of DRAs were falls/fractures (33%), bleeding (23%) and delirium (14%). The drugs most frequently responsible were diuretics (21%), renin–angiotensin system inhibitors (20%) and direct oral anticoagulants (15%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the tool for detecting DRAs was 90% (95% CI 88–93) and 72% (68–76), respectively. After adjudication, the trigger tool helped detect 83% more DRAs as compared with the attending geriatrician.

Conclusion
DRAs are frequent in a geriatric population and often preventable. Their detection may be improved by the use of a trigger tool.
A registry-based approach for estimating county-level race disparities in breast cancer mortality: an analysis in Georgia
Authors: Nash Rebecca , Switchenko Jeffrey M , Ward Kevin C , Maliniak Maret L , Collin Lindsay J , Moubadder Leah , Kramer Michael R , Lash Timothy L , Gaglioti Anne , Bayakly Rana , McCullough Lauren E 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite similar incidence rates, nationwide breast cancer mortality is 40% higher among non-Hispanic Black (NHB) than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. The racial disparity persists even among women with early-stage disease, prognostically favorable subtypes, and indicators of high socioeconomic status and is not evenly distributed throughout the US. Understanding geographic differences may provide additional insight into the drivers of the disparity. However, current data are geographically limited, based primarily on death certificate information, do not incorporate incidence, and often do not provide estimates or account for areas with small populations or sparse case data. Using a Bayesian framework, we estimated the local racial disparity in 5-year mortality for non-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed during 2005–2013 across counties in Georgia, a racially and geographically diverse state. Overall, during the study period, 5-year breast cancer mortality was 43% higher among NHB than NHW women. The racial disparity varied across Georgia with more pronounced disparity observed in the central and southeast and less pronounced disparity in the southwest. Rurality increased and the proportion of owner-occupied housing decreased the magnitude of the disparity, but only after accounting for other area-level covariates. This approach can help guide decisions and resource allocation at the local level.
BetaAlign: a deep learning approach for multiple sequence alignment
Authors: Dotan Edo , Wygoda Elya , Ecker Noa , Alburquerque Michael , Avram Oren , Belinkov Yonatan , Pupko Tal 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Motivation
Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are extensively used in biology, from phylogenetic reconstruction to structure and function prediction. Here, we suggest an out-of-the-box approach for the inference of MSAs, which relies on algorithms developed for processing natural languages. We show that our artificial intelligence (AI)-based methodology can be trained to align sequences by processing alignments that are generated via simulations, and thus different aligners can be easily generated for datasets with specific evolutionary dynamics attributes. We expect that natural language processing (NLP) solutions will replace or augment classic solutions for computing alignments, and more generally, challenging inference tasks in phylogenomics.

Results
The MSA problem is a fundamental pillar in bioinformatics, comparative genomics, and phylogenetics. Here, we characterize and improve BetaAlign, the first deep learning aligner, which substantially deviates from conventional algorithms of alignment computation. BetaAlign draws on NLP techniques and trains transformers to map a set of unaligned biological sequences to an MSA. We show that our approach is highly accurate, comparable and sometimes better than state-of-the-art alignment tools. We characterize the performance of BetaAlign and the effect of various aspects on accuracy; for example, the size of the training data, the effect of different transformer architectures, and the effect of learning on a subspace of indel-model parameters (subspace learning). We also introduce a new technique that leads to improved performance compared to our previous approach. Our findings further uncover the potential of NLP-based methods for sequence alignment, highlighting that AI-based algorithms can substantially challenge classic approaches in phylogenomics and bioinformatics.

Availability and implementation
Datasets used in this work are available on HuggingFace (Wolf et al. Transformers: state-of-the-art natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations. p.38–45. 2020) at: https://huggingface.co/dotan1111. Source code is available at: https://github.com/idotan286/SimulateAlignments.
The Fantasy of the Good Death
Authors: Tran Johnathan , Crawford Mathew A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Good people often die badly, and, sometimes, bad people die well. Both are true for complex reasons. We worry that the tropic formulation trades on a simplistic anthropology that belies the complexities of how persons operate in the world. In this essay, we are interested in these complexities and a better theological acknowledgement of them, not least because the fantasy of the good death ill prepares one for real death. We argue that valorizing pious religious death and profane ugly death loses sight of these complexities, which we think should comprise any account Christians give about what persons are and are in their dying—an account that often goes by the name “theological anthropology.” It is the simplistic theological anthropology more than the tropic formulation—the anthropology the trope smuggles in—that concerns us. Our argument proceeds by first examining the fantasy of the good death, measuring it against a historical record with an examination of the Ars Moriendi tradition, and then thinking more broadly about what motivates it. Along the way, we consider a recent film, The Farewell, where good-death fantasies comically run up against death’s reality and where goodness, truth, and beauty show up anyhow.
How to perform and evaluate a myocardial perfusion imaging by computed tomography
Authors: Mushtaq Saima , Baggiano Andrea , Cannata Francesco , Del Torto Alberico , Fazzari Fabio , Fusini Laura , Junod Daniele , Maragna Riccardo , Tassetti Luigi , Volpe Alessandra , Carrabba Nazario , Conte Edoardo , Guglielmo Marco , La Mura Lucia , Pergola Valeria , Pedrinelli Roberto , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Guaricci Andrea Igoren , Pontone Gianluca 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Stress computed tomography perfusion (CTP) delivers a comprehensive evaluation of both the anatomical and functional aspects in a single examination. It stands out as the only non-invasive technique capable of quantifying coronary stenosis and assessing its functional impact, offering a consolidated diagnostic and management approach for patients with confirmed or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). This very practical review (‘How to..’ approach) provides guidance on conducting and interpreting static and dynamic CTP, along with an analysis of the strengths and limitations of these methodologies.
The vertebrate small leucine-rich proteoglycans: amplification of a clustered gene family and evolution of their transcriptional profile in jawed vertebrates
Authors: Gil Nathan , Leurs Nicolas , Martinand-Mari Camille , Debiais-Thibaud Mélanie 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a major family of vertebrate proteoglycans. In bony vertebrates, SLRPs have a variety of functions from structural to signaling and are found in extracellular matrices, notably in skeletal tissues. However, there is little or no data on the diversity, function and expression patterns of SLRPs in cartilaginous fishes, which hinders our understanding of how these genes evolved with the diversification of vertebrates, in particular regarding the early events of whole-genome duplications that shaped gnathostome and cyclostome genomes. We used a selection of chromosome-level assemblies of cartilaginous fish and other vertebrate genomes for phylogeny and synteny reconstructions, allowing better resolution and understanding of the evolution of this gene family in vertebrates. Novel SLRP members were uncovered together with specific loss events in different lineages. Our reconstructions support that the canonical SLRPs have originated from different series of tandem duplications that preceded the extant vertebrate last common ancestor, one of them even preceding the extant chordate last common ancestor. They then further expanded with additional tandem and whole-genome duplications during the diversification of extant vertebrates. Finally, we characterized the expression of several SLRP members in the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula and from this, inferred conserved and derived SLRP expression in several skeletal and connective tissues in jawed vertebrates.
Transcriptomic analysis of human cartilage identified potential therapeutic targets for hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Huang Jingyi , Liu Ming , Furey Andrew , Rahman Proton , Zhai Guangju 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Cartilage degradation is the hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was to identify and validate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human articular cartilage that could serve as potential therapeutic targets for hip OA. We performed transcriptomic profiling in a discovery cohort (12 OA-free and 72 hip OA-affected cartilage) and identified 179 DEGs between OA-free and OA-affected cartilage after correcting for multiple testing (P &lt; 2.97 × 10−6). Pathway and network analyses found eight hub genes to be associated with hip OA (ASPN, COL1A2, MXRA5, P3H1, PCOLCE, SDC1, SPARC, and TLR2), which were all confirmed using qPCR in a validation cohort (36 OA-free and 62 hip OA-affected cartilage) (P &lt; 6.25 × 10−3). Our data showed that dysregulation of extracellular matrix formation and imbalance in the proportion of collagen chains may contribute to the development of hip OA, and SDC1 could be a promising potential therapeutic target. These findings provided a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms for hip OA and may assist in developing targeted treatment strategies.