bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall-related health service use in Stepping On programme participants and matched controls: a non-randomised observational trial within the 45 and Up Study
Authors: Paul Serene S , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Dolja-Gore Xenia , Clemson Lindy , Lord Stephen R , Harvey Lara , Tiedemann Anne , Close Jacqueline C T , Sherrington Cathie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Falls and fall-related health service use among older adults continue to increase. The New South Wales Health Department, Australia, is delivering the Stepping On fall prevention programme at scale. We compared fall-related health service use in Stepping On participants and matched controls.

Methods
A non-randomised observational trial was undertaken using 45 and Up Study data. 45 and Up Study participants who did and did not participate in Stepping On were extracted in a 1:4 ratio. Rates of fall-related health service use from linked routinely collected data were compared between participants and controls over time using multilevel Poisson regression models with adjustment for the minimally sufficient set of confounders identified from a directed acyclic graph.

Results
Data from 1,452 Stepping On participants and 5,799 controls were analysed. Health service use increased over time and was greater in Stepping On participants (rate ratios (RRs) 1.47–1.82) with a spike in use in the 6 months prior to programme participation. Significant interactions indicated differential patterns of health service use in participants and controls: stratified analyses revealed less fall-related health service use in participants post-programme compared to pre-programme (RRs 0.32–0.48), but no change in controls’ health service use (RRs 1.00–1.25). Gender was identified to be a significant effect modifier for health service use (P &lt; 0.05 for interaction).

Discussion
Stepping On appeared to mitigate participants’ rising fall-related health service use. Best practice methods were used to maximise this study’s validity, but cautious interpretation of results is required given its non-randomised nature.
The minimal important change for measures of balance and postural control in older adults: a systematic review
Authors: Low Daniel C , Walsh Gregory S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The minimal important change and analogous terms (MIC) can provide a measure of change in health outcome variables that is associated with a level of importance for participant/patient. This review explores the availability of the MIC for different balance measures used with older adults in research and clinical settings. PubMed, ProQuest and Web of Science search engines were used and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were deemed suitable for data extraction and analysis. The results demonstrated that MIC is available for the following balance-associated tests: Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go, Short Physical Performance Battery, BESTest and the Tinetti test. A range of MIC values were shown, reflective of different older adult health conditions, calculation methods and anchors used. It was also evident that the responsiveness of the test was not always available or appropriately determined, questioning the validity of the MIC value published. Greater research is needed to establish MIC for balance measurements for use with older adults with different health conditions, preferably using objective measures such as falls. The calculation of such statistics will improve the evaluation of intervention effectiveness.
Targeted reduction of airborne viral transmission risk in long-term residential aged care
Authors: Brass Amanda , Shoubridge Andrew P , Larby Nicolas , Elms Levi , Sims Sarah K , Flynn Erin , Miller Caroline , Crotty Maria , Papanicolas Lito E , Wesselingh Steve L , Morawska Lidia , Bell Scott C , Taylor Steven L , Rogers Geraint B 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
COVID-19 has demonstrated the devastating consequences of the rapid spread of an airborne virus in residential aged care. We report the use of CO2-based ventilation assessment to empirically identify potential ‘super-spreader’ zones within an aged care facility, and determine the efficacy of rapidly implemented, inexpensive, risk reduction measures.
Lanthanum masquerading as foreign body ingestion in a critically ill patient with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Rappaport Stephen H , Vineyard Tedd , Hack Madelaine , Shah Tanya , Dooley Joseph W 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeMedication use may affect imaging results. In this case study, we report a case of lanthanum ingestion resulting in imaging consistent with ingested metallic foreign bodies.SummaryHyperphosphatemia affects most patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Lanthanum carbonate reduces daily phosphate absorption and is indicated as a non–calcium-based phosphate binder in patients with ESRD. A 58-year-old man with a medical history of stage 5 chronic kidney disease was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for hyperkalemia and acute respiratory failure after a missed dialysis session. He required vasopressors, intubation, and continuous renal replacement therapy. Admission imaging demonstrated several ingested metallic foreign bodies within the colon. There was consideration of colorectal surgery and gastroenterology consultation. On the initial medication reconciliation, no medications that would have the radiographic appearance of ingested metallic foreign bodies were identified. On further review of prescription data available through the electronic medical record, it was noted that the patient had recently filled a prescription for lanthanum despite its apparent discontinuation on a previous admission. After interviewing the patient’s wife, it was confirmed that the patient had continued taking lanthanum and that he was swallowing it whole and not chewing it. No consultations or interventions were performed, and the metallic foreign bodies were no longer present on further imaging after a period of 35 days.ConclusionEscalation of care was avoided in this patient due to the performance of diligent medication reconciliation and recognition of the impact of lanthanum ingestion on imaging.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection History and Antibody Response to 3 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA Vaccine Doses
Authors: Herring Meghan K , Romine James K , Wesley Meredith G , Ellingson Katherine D , Yoon Sarang K , Caban-Martinez Alberto J , Meece Jennifer , Gaglani Manjusha , Grant Lauren , Olsho Lauren E W , Tyner Harmony L , Naleway Allison L , Khan Sana M , Phillips Andrew L , Solle Natasha Schaefer , Rose Spencer , Mak Josephine , Fuller Sammantha B , Hunt Angela , Kuntz Jennifer L , Beitel Shawn , Yoo Young M , Zheng Pearl Q , Arani Gayatri , Lamberte Julie Mayo , Edwards Taylor , Thompson Mark G , Sprissler Ryan , Thornburg Natalie J , Lowe Ashley A , Pilishvili Tamara , Uhrlaub Jennifer L , Lutrick Karen , Burgess Jefferey L , Fowlkes Ashley L 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
Data on antibody kinetics are limited among individuals previously infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). From a cohort of healthcare personnel and other frontline workers in 6 US states, we assessed antibody waning after messenger RNA (mRNA) dose 2 and response to dose 3 according to SARS-CoV-2 infection history.

Methods
Participants submitted sera every 3 months, after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and after each mRNA vaccine dose. Sera were tested for antibodies and reported as area under the serial dilution curve (AUC). Changes in AUC values over time were compared using a linear mixed model.

Results
Analysis included 388 participants who received dose 3 by November 2021. There were 3 comparison groups: vaccine only with no known prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 224); infection prior to dose 1 (n = 123); and infection after dose 2 and before dose 3 (n = 41). The interval from dose 2 and dose 3 was approximately 8 months. After dose 3, antibody levels rose 2.5-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.2–3.0) in group 2 and 2.9-fold (95% CI = 2.6–3.3) in group 1. Those infected within 90 days before dose 3 (and median 233 days [interquartile range, 213–246] after dose 2) did not increase significantly after dose 3.

Conclusions
A third dose of mRNA vaccine typically elicited a robust humoral immune response among those with primary vaccination regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection &gt;3 months prior to boosting. Those with infection &lt;3 months prior to boosting did not have a significant increase in antibody concentrations in response to a booster.
Predictive value of late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation: dual-centre validation of a standardized method
Authors: Althoff Till F , Eichenlaub Martin , Padilla-Cueto David , Lehrmann Heiko , Garre Paz , Schoechlin Simon , Ferro Elisenda , Invers Eric , Ruile Philipp , Hein Manuel , Schlett Christopher , Figueras i Ventura Rosa M , Prat-Gonzalez Susanna , Mueller-Edenborn Bjoern , Bohnen Marius , Porta-Sanchez Andreu , Tolosana Jose Maria , Guasch Eduard , Roca-Luque Ivo , Arbelo Elena , Neumann Franz-Josef , Westermann Dirk , Sitges Marta , Brugada Josep , Arentz Thomas , Mont Lluís , Jadidi Amir 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAimsWith recurrence rates up to 50% after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), predictive tools to improve patient selection are needed. Patient selection based on left atrial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has been proposed previously (UTAH-classification). However, this approach has not been widely established, in part owed to the lack of standardization of the LGE quantification method. We have recently established a standardized LGE-CMR method enabling reproducible LGE-quantification. Here, the ability of this method to predict outcome after PVI was evaluated.Methods and resultsThis dual-centre study (n = 219) consists of a prospective derivation cohort (n = 37, all persistent AF) and an external validation cohort (n = 182; 66 persistent, 116 paroxysmal AF). All patients received an LGE-CMR prior to first-time PVI-only ablation. LGE was quantified based on the signal-intensity-ratio relative to the blood pool, applying a uniform LGE-defining threshold of &gt;1.2. In patients with persistent AF in the derivation cohort, left atrial LGE-extent above a cut-off value of 12% was found to best predict relevant low-voltage substrate (≥2 cm two with &lt;0.5 mV during sinus rhythm) and arrhythmia-free survival 12 months post-PVI. When applied to the external validation cohort, this cut-off value was also predictive of arrhythmia-free survival for both, the total cohort and the subgroup with persistent AF (LGE &lt; 12%: 80% and 76%; LGE &gt; 12%: 55% and 44%; P = 0.007 and P = 0.029, respectively).ConclusionThis dual-centre study established and validated a standardized, reproducible LGE-CMR method discriminating PVI responders from non-responders, which may improve choice of therapeutic approach or ablation strategy for patients with persistent AF.
Incompatibility and Interchangeability in Molecular Evolution
Authors: Sloan Daniel B , Warren Jessica M , Williams Alissa M , Kuster Shady A , Forsythe Evan S 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThere is remarkable variation in the rate at which genetic incompatibilities in molecular interactions accumulate. In some cases, minor changes—even single-nucleotide substitutions—create major incompatibilities when hybridization forces new variants to function in a novel genetic background from an isolated population. In other cases, genes or even entire functional pathways can be horizontally transferred between anciently divergent evolutionary lineages that span the tree of life with little evidence of incompatibilities. In this review, we explore whether there are general principles that can explain why certain genes are prone to incompatibilities while others maintain interchangeability. We summarize evidence pointing to four genetic features that may contribute to greater resistance to functional replacement: (1) function in multisubunit enzyme complexes and protein–protein interactions, (2) sensitivity to changes in gene dosage, (3) rapid rate of sequence evolution, and (4) overall importance to cell viability, which creates sensitivity to small perturbations in molecular function. We discuss the relative levels of support for these different hypotheses and lay out future directions that may help explain the striking contrasts in patterns of incompatibility and interchangeability throughout the history of molecular evolution.
Investigation of Causal Effects of Protein Biomarkers on Cardiovascular Disease in Persons With HIV
Authors: Reilly Cavan S , Borges Álvaro H , Baker Jason V , Safo Sandra E , Sharma Shweta , Polizzotto Mark N , Pankow James S , Hu Xiaojun , Sherman Brad T , Babiker Abdel G , Lundgren Jens D , Lane H Clifford 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Background
There is an incompletely understood increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people with HIV (PWH). We investigated if a collection of biomarkers were associated with CVD among PWH. Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to identify potentially causal associations.

Methods
Data from follow-up in 4 large trials among PWH were used to identify 131 incident CVD cases and they were matched to 259 participants without incident CVD (controls). Tests of associations between 460 baseline protein levels and case status were conducted.

Results
Univariate analysis found CLEC6A, HGF, IL-6, IL-10RB, and IGFBP7 as being associated with case status and a multivariate model identified 3 of these: CLEC6A (odds ratio [OR] = 1.48, P = .037), HGF (OR = 1.83, P = .012), and IL-6 (OR = 1.45, P = .016). MR methods identified 5 significantly associated proteins: AXL, CHI3L1, GAS6, IL-6RA, and SCGB3A2.

Conclusions
These results implicate inflammatory and fibrotic processes as contributing to CVD. While some of these biomarkers are well established in the general population and in PWH (IL-6 and its receptor), some are novel to PWH (HGF, AXL, and GAS6) and some are novel overall (CLEC6A). Further investigation into the uniqueness of these biomarkers in PWH and the role of these biomarkers as targets among PWH is warranted.
Pod Save IR: Podcasts as Effective Assignments in the International Relations Classroom
Authors: Krain Matthew 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This paper discusses the development of a podcast assignment as an alternative to a literature review paper in the international studies classroom. A podcast assignment still enables students to read, evaluate, and synthesize research in a given field, but also allows them to meet other important educational objectives such as application of research to a real-world problem or setting, teamwork, problem-solving, feeling a part of an intellectual community, communication and digital media skills, engagement with the field and the material, and ability to communicate academic research to an interested nonexpert audience. The paper situates podcasts within the scholarship of active teaching and learning, and describes the rationale for the development of the assignment in a course on international political economy, in part to deal with issues arising from the COVID-19 disruption. It describes how the assignment was run and was evaluated, and provides the assignment task description and scoring rubric, as well as supporting materials and resources. Finally, the paper uses student postexperience surveys to gather indirect assessment data on the podcast assignment's effectiveness in achieving a range of educational objectives.
What Are UN General Assembly Resolutions for? Four Views on Parliamentary Diplomacy
Authors: Mesquita Rafael , Pires Antonio 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has passed over eighteen thousand resolutions since its foundation. It is a very heterogeneous collection, containing at once landmark documents, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and scores of less important and even controversial pieces. Hence, scholarship for the past 75 years has been divided on the actual relevance of UNGA resolutions and on member states’ motivations in engaging with their drafting. We propose a novel theoretical typology to organize prevailing views on the role of UNGA resolutions. Relying on the dimensions of effect and consensus, that is, whether or not resolutions are deemed to have a real-world impact and to what extent they represent world opinion, we sort the literature into four ideal types: resolutions can be regarded as the fruit of deliberation, dispute, diversion, or drama. We discuss the rationale of each view and indicate proposals within the UNGA that exemplify these perspectives. Our typology contributes to scholarship by both tidying previous debates and highlighting unnoticed commonalities between the UNGA and topics from the political representation literature.
Artificial Intelligence for Breast US
Authors: Villa-Camacho Juan C , Baikpour Masoud , Chou Shinn-Huey S 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
US is a widely available, commonly used, and indispensable imaging modality for breast evaluation. It is often the primary imaging modality for the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer in low-resource settings. In addition, it is frequently employed as a supplemental screening tool via either whole breast handheld US or automated breast US among women with dense breasts. In recent years, a variety of artificial intelligence systems have been developed to assist radiologists with the detection and diagnosis of breast lesions on US. This article reviews the background and evidence supporting the use of artificial intelligence tools for breast US, describes implementation strategies and impact on clinical workflow, and discusses potential emerging roles and future directions.
In vivogenotoxicity of high-intensity intermediate frequency magnetic fields in somatic cells and germ cells
Authors: Ohtani Shin , Ushiyama Akira , Wada Keiji , Suzuki Yukihisa , Hattori Kenji 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIntermediate frequency magnetic fields (IF-MFs) at ~85 kHz are one of the components of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. However, the available data needed for the assessment of the safety of organisms from IF-MF exposure are scarce. Thus, there is an imminent need to accumulate evidence-based assessment data. In particular, if humans are exposed to IF-MF due to an accident or trouble, they are at increased risk of being exposed to high-intensity IF-MF within a short period. The already existing exposure system was improved to a system that could intermittently expose animals at 3 s intervals. This system allows the exposure of a mouse to high-intensity IF-MF (frequency: 82.3 kHz; induced electric field: 87 V/m, which was 3.8 times the basic restriction level for occupational exposure in the ICNIRP guideline), while regulating the heat generated by the coil. In vivo genotoxicity after IF-MF exposure was assessed using micronucleus (MN) test, Pig-a assay, and gpt assay. The results of MN test and Pig-a assay in hematopoietic cells revealed that neither the reticulocytes nor the mature erythrocytes exhibited significant increases in the IF-MF-exposed group compared with that in the sham-exposed group. In germ cells, MN test and gpt assay outcomes showed that IF-MF exposure did not cause any genetic or chromosomal abnormality. Based on these data, there was no genotoxic effect of our set IF-MF exposure on somatic and germ cells. These findings can contribute to the widespread use of WPT systems as effective data of IF-MF safety assessment.
Unexpected post-operative haemorrhage: Could it be splenosis?
Authors: Boerkamp Andrea , Das Ashwin , De Robles Marie Shella 
Published: December 2022

AbstractEctopic splenic tissue can be classified as accessory spleen, polysplenia or a phenomenon termed as splenosis. Once believed a rare occurrence, the incidence of splenosis is now thought to be significantly higher. Generally, splenosis is asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during operation, imaging or at autopsy. The case presented herein describes an incidental finding of an intraabdominal splenosis, which was subsequently biopsied to investigate for peritoneal metastatic disease. The biopsied tissue subsequently caused significant post-operative haemorrhage. Past medical history and specific pre-operative imaging modalities for patients presenting with asymptomatic peritoneal or intra-abdominal nodules are discussed. Splenosis is highlighted as a common condition to consider prior to invasive investigations.
Reference genes for quantitative Arabidopsis single molecule RNA fluorescencein situhybridization
Authors: Duncan Susan , Johansson Hans E , Ding Yiliang 
Published: December 2022

AbstractSubcellular mRNA quantities and spatial distributions are fundamental for driving gene regulatory programmes. Single molecule RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) uses fluorescent probes to label individual mRNA molecules, thereby facilitating both localization and quantitative studies. Validated reference mRNAs function as positive controls and are required for calibration. Here we present selection criteria for the first set of Arabidopsis smFISH reference genes. Following sequence and transcript data assessments, four mRNA probe sets were selected for imaging. Transcript counts per cell, correlations with cell size, and corrected fluorescence intensities were all calculated for comparison. In addition to validating reference probe sets, we present sample preparation steps that can retain green fluorescent protein fluorescence, thereby providing a method for simultaneous RNA and protein detection. In summary, our reference gene analyses, modified protocol, and simplified quantification method together provide a firm foundation for future quantitative single molecule RNA studies in Arabidopsis root apical meristem cells.
SICRET: Supernova Ia Cosmology with truncated marginal neural Ratio EsTimation
Authors: Karchev Konstantin , Trotta Roberto , Weniger Christoph 
Published: December 2022

ABSTRACT
Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), standardizable candles that allow tracing the expansion history of the Universe, are instrumental in constraining cosmological parameters, particularly dark energy. State-of-the-art likelihood-based analyses scale poorly to future large data sets, are limited to simplified probabilistic descriptions, and must explicitly sample a high-dimensional latent posterior to infer the few parameters of interest, which makes them inefficient. Marginal likelihood-free inference, on the other hand, is based on forward simulations of data, and thus can fully account for complicated redshift uncertainties, contamination from non-SN Ia sources, selection effects, and a realistic instrumental model. All latent parameters, including instrumental and survey-related ones, per object and population-level properties, are implicitly marginalized, while the cosmological parameters of interest are inferred directly. As a proof of concept, we apply truncated marginal neural ratio estimation (TMNRE), a form of marginal likelihood-free inference, to bahamas, a Bayesian hierarchical model for salt parameters. We verify that TMNRE produces unbiased and precise posteriors for cosmological parameters from up to 100 000 SNe Ia. With minimal additional effort, we train a network to infer simultaneously the ${\sim}100\, 000$ latent parameters of the supernovae (e.g. absolute brightnesses). In addition, we describe and apply a procedure that utilizes local amortization of the inference to convert the approximate Bayesian posteriors into frequentist confidence regions with exact coverage. Finally, we discuss the planned improvements to the model that are enabled by using a likelihood-free inference framework, like selection effects and non-Ia contamination.