bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When should patients take simethicone orally before colonoscopy for avoiding bubbles: A single-blind, randomized controlled study
Authors: Jung Woohyuk , Oh Gyu Man , Kim Jae Hyun , Choi Youn Jung , Son Min Young , Jung Kyoungwon , Kim Sung Eun , Moon Won , Park Moo In , Park Seun Ja 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Many studies have reported the use of simethicone before colonoscopy removes bubbles. However, guidelines weakly recommend simethicone administration before colonoscopy. The present study aimed to confirm the advantages of taking simethicone and determine the appropriate time for taking simethicone.

Methods:
We randomly assigned patients to the following 5 groups according to the administration time: 4 groups were divided based on 2 parameters (the day before and on the day of colonoscopy and before and after bowel cleansing) and the remaining group was the control group. We compared bubble score (BS), number of simethicone solution irrigations when visually obscured, satisfaction score of the endoscopist, insertion time.

Results:
A total of 204 patients were included in the study. There was a difference in BS according to the timing of simethicone administration (P < .001). The group taking simethicone on the day of the test had a better BS than the group taking simethicone the day before (P < .001). The group taking simethicone on the previous day had a better BS than the control group (P = .001). In the group of taking simethicone on the examination day, the number of irrigations was lower, and satisfaction with the inspector was higher than group of taking simethicone on previous day and control group (both P < .001). The insertion time showed a non-significantly decreasing trend (P = .417).

Conclusion:
Administering simethicone reduced bubbles and facilitated effective colonoscopy, especially when administrating it on the day of examination. It needs to be administered on the day of the examination regardless of bowel preparation.
Fatal hepatic failure following atorvastatin treatment: A case report
Authors: Wang Huajun , Liu Shiyi , Zhou Chenjie , Fu Ye 
Published: May 2023

Rationale:
Atorvastatin is a commonly used statin for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in people at high risk for coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease. However, fatal liver failure due to atorvastatin treatment has been rarely reported, especially during the very short incubation period.

Patient concerns:
A 63-year-old male patient was admitted due to unexplained chest pain. After admission, his liver function had decreased < 24 hours after taking 20 mg tablets of atorvastatin due to lacunar infarction, which was improved after drug withdrawal. The treatment regimen was restarted 15 days later, but within 16 hours, the patient developed multiple organ failure, including liver failure and renal failure.

Diagnoses:
The pathological results after 7 days indicated focal inflammatory necrosis, virus and autoimmune correlation tests were negative, which did not rule out drug-induced liver injury. Interventions: receiving artificial liver therapy, continuous renal replacement therapy and other organ support treatment.

Outcomes:
The patient died 18 days after admission.

Lessons:
Statin idiosyncratic liver injury is very rare, but the consequences can be serious.
A case series of acute ischemic strokes with contralateral perfusion time delay on brain computed tomography
Authors: Lee Ji Min , Shin Yu Jeong , Byoung-Soo Shin , Kang Hyun Goo 
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
Collateral circulation sustains cerebral perfusion in patients with arterial occlusion. Extensive arterial occlusion may redirect cerebral blood flow to compensate for insufficient perfusion. Cerebral artery occlusion can be observed in computed tomography perfusion imaging with increased mean transit time (MTT). However, in some cases, MTT delay occurs contralateral to the site of stenosis or occlusion. This delay cannot be explained simply by the collateral blood supply. Therefore, the authors considered the similarity of the perfusion delay observed at the normal site to that observed in subclavian steal syndrome.

Case presentation:
Three patients were reviewed: the first had severe stenosis in the left proximal internal carotid artery (ICA), and the second had left common carotid artery occlusion and diffusion restriction of the ICA-middle carotid artery border zone. The third patient had total occlusion of the left common carotid artery and right proximal ICA, with multifocal infarctions in the right frontal, occipital, left frontal, and parietal lobes. All 3 patients had a contralateral MTT delay on perfusion imaging.

Conclusion:
The site of stenosis or occlusion did not correlate with ipsilateral perfusion delay in these 3 cases. Based on the precedent relationship between infarction and perfusion delay, we developed 2 hypotheses to explain why perfusion decreases on the contralateral side of the occlusion or stenosis. However, this study was limited because we could not identify events, like volume loss or decreased blood pressure, before stroke development.
Update on Overactive Bladder Therapeutic Options
Authors: Babin Caroline P. , Catalano Nicole T. , Yancey David M. , Pearl Nathan Z. , Koonce Eleanor M. , Ahmadzadeh Shahab , Shekoohi Sahar , Cornett Elyse M. , Kaye Alan D. 
Published: May 2023

Background:
Millions of Americans are burdened by overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome and the psychogenic and economic hardships that accompany it. Several theories attempt to explain OAB as a neurogenic dysfunction, myogenic dysfunction, urothelial dysfunction, or decreased expression of a channel protein secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. Given that the etiology of OAB is a working theory, the management of OAB is also an evolving subject matter in medicine. There are uncertainties surrounding the pathophysiology of OAB, the strength of a clinical diagnosis, and accurate reporting because of the disease's stigma and decreased use of health care.

Data Sources:
This is a narrative review that used PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and ScienceDirect to review literature on current and future OAB therapies.

Results:
Currently, first-line treatment for OAB is behavioral therapy that uses lifestyle modifications, bladder-control techniques, and psychotherapy. Second-line therapy includes antimuscarinic agents or beta 3 adrenergic agonists, and studies have shown that combination therapy with antimuscarinics and beta 3 adrenergic agonists provides even greater efficacy than monotherapy. Third-line therapies discussed include onabotulinumtoxinA, posterior tibial nerve stimulation, and sacral neuromodulation. OnabotulinumtoxinA has been FDA-approved as a nonpharmaceutical treatment option for refractory OAB with minimal side effects restricted to the urinary tract. Posterior tibial nerve modulation and sacral neuromodulation are successful in treating refractory OAB, but the costs and complication rates make them high-risk procedures. Therefore, surgical intervention should be a last resort. Estrogen therapy is effective in alleviating urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women, consistent with the association between estrogen deficiency and genitourinary syndrome. Potassium channel activators, voltage-gated calcium channel blockers, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors look to be promising options for the future of OAB management. As new therapies are developed, individuals with OAB can better personalize their treatment to maximize their quality of life and cost-effective care.
Pain Neuroscience Education in Elementary and Middle Schools
Authors: Louw Adriaan , Louw Colleen , Podalak Jessie , Zimney Kory , DeLorenzo Jen , Maiers Nicholas , Puentedura Emilio J. , Mintken Paul 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to deliver pain neuroscience education (PNE) to participants in grades 3 to 8 to determine whether participants in these grades had positive shifts in pain knowledge and beliefs.

Methods:
Three hundred twenty participants, grades 3 to 8, received a 1-time, 30-minute PNE lecture. The Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire and the Health Care Provider's Pain and Impairment Relationship Scale were administered before and after the PNE lecture.

Results:
All grades improved in pain knowledge and beliefs. Higher-grade school participants (sixth to eighth grades) experienced larger shifts in pain knowledge and attitudes and beliefs than lower-grade (third to fifth grades) participants.

Conclusion:
PNE results in changes in pain knowledge and beliefs in school participants in grades 3 to 8.
Value of the Prognostic Nutritional Index in Surgery for Crohn Disease in China and the Effects on Outcome: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Duan Wenbiao , Qian Jiao , Chen Wenzhong , Tong Kehui , Zhang Mingyuan 
Published: May 2023

Purpose:
To investigate the value of the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) in the surgery of Crohn Disease and examine the ability of PNI to predict poor outcomes with surgery.

Methods:
One hundred fifty-seven patients were divided into a good nutrition group (PNI ≥40) and a poor nutrition group (PNI <40). The retrospective univariate analysis, logistic regression multivariate analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used to screen out independent risk factors for postoperative complications and postoperative recurrences that required reoperation.

Results:
Penetrating behavior was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Emergency surgery, penetrating behavior, hypoalbuminemia, and low PNI were independent risk factors for reoperation. By the receiver operating characteristic analysis, low PNI was superior to hypoproteinemia in predicting postsurgical recurrence.

Conclusions:
PNI is a good marker for predicting surgical recurrence, but it cannot predict postoperative complications. The nutritional status in patients before elective surgery can be modified to improve PNI. It can reduce surgical recurrence to a minimum level.
Morphological limitations imposed on lizards facing urbanization
Authors: Row Kristopher W. , Villasana-Espinosa Oscar , Perez Jaele , Urbina Grace , Frishkoff Luke O. 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTHabitat conversion in general, and urbanization in particular, are thought to create ecological filters that eliminate some species while simultaneously replacing them with others that thrive under novel conditions. The specific nature of these filters is unclear, but morphology may play an important role. Here, we seek to assess which lizard morphologies are favored in urban habitats. We quantified 17 linear measurements of morphology from museum specimens from 37 lizard species from across the continental United States. We then correlate these morphological measurements with the relative incidence of observations in urban versus non-urban environments from the citizen science database iNaturalist to determine whether particular morphologies predispose species to tolerate urban environments. We then use functional diversity and morphospace volume metrics to quantify both the total amount of unique morphological diversity represented by urban associated species, versus those restricted to natural areas. Based on our results morphology appears to be filtering lizard species from urban environments. Specifically, species with intermediate body sizes and relative tails lengths, as well as larger heads and shorter hind-limbs were more likely to occupy urban zones. As a result of this filtering, there was substantially diminished morphological diversity among urban tolerant species. While natural restricted species had a high amount of morphological diversity that was unrepresented in urban tolerant species, most urban species’ morphologies were shared by natural restricted ones. Only a small subset of morphologies found in natural environments persist in urban ones, but urban lizards do possess a small number of unique morphological features that may facilitate their success. Strong selection pressures in evolutionarily novel environments are not only diminishing species diversity but pruning phenotypic diversity to favor a much smaller subset of functional possibilities. Due to the connection between phenotype and function, such diminished morphological diversity is likely to impact ecosystem functioning in impoverished human-modified systems.
Sinogram Domain Angular Upsampling of Sparse-View Micro-CT with Dense Residual Hierarchical Transformer and Noise-Aware Loss
Authors: Adishesha Amogh Subbakrishna , Vanselow Daniel J , La Riviere Patrick , Cheng Keith C , Huang Sharon X 
Published: May 2023

AbstractReduced angular sampling is a key strategy for increasing scanning efficiency of micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT). Despite boosting throughput, this strategy introduces noise and artifacts due to undersampling. In this work, we present a solution to this issue, by proposing a novel Dense Residual Hierarchical Transformer (DRHT) network to recover high-quality sinograms from 2 ×, 4× and 8× undersampled scans. DRHT is trained to utilize limited information available from sparsely angular sampled scans and once trained, it can be applied to recover higher-resolution sinograms from shorter scan sessions. Our proposed DRHT model aggregates the benefits of a hierarchical-multi-scale structure along with the combination of local and global feature extraction through dense residual convolutional blocks and non-overlapping window transformer blocks respectively. We also propose a novel noise-aware loss function namedKL-L1to improve sinogram restoration to full resolution. KL-L1, a weighted combination of pixel-level and distribution-level cost functions, leverages inconsistencies in noise distribution and uses learnable spatial weights to improve the training of the DRHT model. We present ablation studies and evaluations of our method against other state-of-the-art (SOTA) models over multiple datasets. Our proposed DRHT network achieves an average increase in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) of 17.73dB and a structural similarity index (SSIM) of 0.161, for 8× upsampling, across the three unique datasets, compared to their respective Bicubic interpolated versions. This novel approach can be utilized to decrease radiation exposure to patients and reduce imaging time for large-scale CT imaging projects.
Microscopic fractional anisotropy asymmetry in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Arezza Nico J. J. , Abbas Hana , Chadwick Caroline , Johnsrude Ingrid S. , Burneo Jorge , Khan Ali R. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesSurgical resection is the method of choice for treating medically refractory unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but postsurgical prognosis depends on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Seizure freedom is more often achieved after resection in MRI-positive patients (those with MRI abnormalities such as mesial temporal sclerosis) than in MRI-negative patients. Diffusion MRI shows promise as a marker of neuronal abnormalities due to its sensitivity to cellular changes such as axon damage, indexed by fractional anisotropy. However, fractional anisotropy is not specific to axon integrity in grey matter where axon orientation is not uniform. In contrast, microscopic fractional anisotropy is a recently introduced dMRI technique that is sensitive to axon integrity regardless of axon orientation. This work investigated whether microscopic fractional anisotropy may be sensitive to hippocampal abnormalities in unilateral TLE.MethodsDiffusion MRI was performed on a 3T scanner in 9 patients (age = 33 +/- 12 years) with unilateral TLE and 9 healthy volunteers (age = 26 +/- 6). A deep learning method was employed to segment the hippocampus into smaller subfields corresponding to the subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA) 1, CA2/3, and CA4 plus dentate gyrus (DG). Mean ipsilateral and contralateral measurements of subregion volume, diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, and microscopic fractional anisotropy were compared to investigate asymmetry in each subfield.ResultsMicroscopic fractional anisotropy was reduced, and diffusivity was elevated in the ipsilateral CA4/DG region relative to the contralateral side in all 9 patients. Asymmetries in diffusion metrics between the left and right sides of the hippocampus subfields were not observed in the healthy volunteers.SignificanceDiffusion MRI may complement standard imaging procedures by detecting abnormalities in MRI-negative patients. Due to its insensitivity to axon orientation, microscopic fractional anisotropy may yield a more robust measurement than fractional anisotropy and may improve epileptic focus localization in surgical candidates.
Factors associated with the near miss of pregnant and postpartum women hospitalized by Covid-19
Authors: da Silva Ana Carolina Schultz , Moroskoski Márcia , de Oliveira Natan Nascimento , de Brito Franciele Aline Machado , de Andrade Pereira Silva Marcela , Salci Maria Aparecida , Carreira Lígia , Nickenig Vissoci João Ricardo , de Oliveira Rosana Rosseto 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the factors associated with maternal near miss due to Covid-19 in Brazil.Methodcross-sectional study that assessed the cases of pregnant and postpartum women hospitalized with SARS due to Covid-19, aged between 10 and 49 years and from March 2020 to March 2022. Secondary data available in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Flu) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, with univariate analysis followed by logistic regression.Resultsthe significant independent factors associated with near miss in pregnant postpartum women due to Covid-19 were black/brown race, O2 saturation <95%, dyspnea, comorbidities, need for invasive and non-invasive ventilatory support.Conclusionthe factors associated with near misses in pregnant and postpartum women with covid-19 reveal characteristics and risks inherent to the pathophysiology of the disease that contribute to worsening the condition.
Defining a core configuration for human centromeres during mitosis
Authors: Gupta Ayantika Sen , Seidel Chris , Tsuchiya Dai , McKinney Sean , Yu Zulin , Smith Sarah , Unruh Jay , Gerton Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe biorientation of sister chromatids on the mitotic spindle, essential for accurate sister chromatid segregation, relies on critical centromere components including cohesin, the centromere-specific H3 variant CENP-A, and centromeric DNA. Centromeric DNA is highly variable between chromosomes yet must accomplish a similar function. Moreover, how the 50 nm cohesin ring, proposed to encircle sister chromatids, accommodates inter-sister centromeric distances of hundreds of nanometers on the metaphase spindle is a conundrum. Insight into the 3D organization of centromere components would help resolve how centromeres function on the mitotic spindle. We used ChIP-seq and super-resolution microscopy to examine the geometry of essential centromeric components on human chromosomes. ChIP-seq demonstrates that cohesin subunits are depleted in α-satellite arrays where CENP-A nucleosomes and kinetochores assemble. Cohesin is instead enriched at pericentromeric DNA. Structured illumination microscopy of sister centromeres is consistent, revealing a non-overlapping pattern of CENP-A and cohesin. We used single particle averaging of hundreds of mitotic sister chromatids to develop an average centromere model. CENP-A clusters on sister chromatids, connected by α-satellite, are separated by ∼562 nm with a perpendicular intervening ∼190 nM wide axis of cohesin. Two differently sized α-satellite arrays on chromosome 7 display similar inter-sister CENP-A cluster distance, demonstrating different sized arrays can achieve a common spacing. Our data suggest a working model for a common core configuration of essential centromeric components that includes CENP-A nucleosomes at the outer edge of extensible α-satellite DNA and pericentromeric cohesion. This configuration helps reconcile how centromeres function and serves as a foundation for future studies of additional components required for centromere function.
Design to Data for mutants of B-glucosidase B fromPaenibacillus polymyxa: V311D, F248N, Y166H, Y166K, M221K
Authors: Chan Morgan , Siegel Justin B. , Vater Ashley 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTEngaging computational tools for protein design is gaining traction in the enzyme engineering community. However, current design and modeling algorithms have limited functionality predictive capacities for enzymes due to limitations of the dataset in terms of size and data quality. This study aims to expand training datasets for improved algorithm development with the addition of five rationally designed single-point enzyme variants. β-glucosidase B variants were modeled in Foldit Standalone and then produced and assayed for thermal stability and kinetic parameters. Functional parameters: thermal stability (TM) and Michaelis-Menten constants (kcat, KM, andkcat/KM) of five variants, V311D, Y166H, M221K, F248N, and Y166K, were added into the Design2Data database. As a case study, evaluation of this small mutant set finds mutational effect trends that both corroborate and contradict findings from larger studies examining the entire dataset.
Effect of Mangiferin Isolated fromHedysarum neglectumL. Root Culture on Fat Accumulation in ExperimentsIn Vivo
Authors: Fedorova Anastasia M. , Prosekov Alexander Y. , Milentyeva Irina S. , Minina Varvara I. , Ostapova Elena V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPlant polyphenols possess diverse medicinal and therapeutic properties. For instance, they can prevent such age-related diseases as stroke, heart attack, type II diabetes, and their various pathological complications. Mangiferin is a polyphenolic compound with a C-glycosylxanthone structure. This biologically active substance is known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory properties. This research features mangiferin isolated fromHedysarum neglectumL. root culture and its effect on fat accumulation inCaenorhabditis elegansN2 Bristol. A set of experimentsin vivoproved that mangiferin was able to inhibit fat accumulation in the model organism. The optimal concentration was determined as 50 μm: it provided 44.5% fluorescence.
Mild/Asymptomatic Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Leads to Immune Paralysis in Fetal Circulation and Immune Dysregulation in Fetal-Placental Tissues
Authors: Doratt Brianna M. , Sureshchandra Suhas , True Heather , Rincon Monica , Marshall Nicole , Messaoudi Ilhem 
Published: May 2023

SUMMARYFew studies have addressed the impact of maternal mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection on the developing neonatal immune system. In this study, we analyzed umbilical cord blood and placental chorionic villi from newborns of unvaccinated mothers with mild/asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy using flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and functional assays. Despite the lack of vertical transmission, levels of inflammatory mediators were altered in cord blood. Maternal infection was also associated with increased memory T, B cells, and non-classical monocytes as well as increased activation. However,ex vivoresponses to stimulation were attenuated. Finally, within the placental villi, we report an expansion of fetal Hofbauer cells and infiltrating maternal macrophages and rewiring towards a heightened inflammatory state. In contrast to cord blood monocytes, placental myeloid cells were primed for heightened antiviral responses. Taken together, this study highlights dysregulated fetal immune cell responses in response to mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.