bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The edge-on protoplanetary disk HH 48 NE
Authors: Sturm J. A. , McClure M. K. , Bergner J. B. , Harsono D. , Dartois E. , Drozdovskaya M. N. , Ioppolo S. , Öberg K. I. , Law C. J. , Palumbo M. E. , Pendleton Y. J. , Rocha W. R. M. , Terada H. , Urso R. G. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The abundance and distribution of ice in protoplanetary disks is critical for an understanding of the link between the composition of circumstellar matter and the composition of exoplanets. Edge-on protoplanetary disks are a useful tool for constraining this ice composition and its location in the disk because the spectral signatures of the ice can be observed in absorption against the continuum emission that arises from the warmer regions in the central disk.
Aims. The aim of this work is to model ice absorption features in protoplanetary disks and to determine how well the abundance of the main ice species throughout the disk can be determined within the uncertainty of the physical parameter space. The edge-on proto-planetary disk around HH 48 NE, a target of the James Webb Space Telescope Early Release program Ice Age, is used as a reference system.
Methods. We used the full anisotropic scattering capabilities of the radiative transfer code RADMC-3D to ray-trace the mid-infrared continuum. Using a constant parameterized ice abundance, we added ice opacities to the dust opacity in regions in which the disk was cold enough for the main carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen carriers to freeze out.
Results. The global abundance relative to the dust content of the main ice carriers in HH 48 NE can be determined within a factor of 3 when the uncertainty of the physical parameters is taken into account. Ice features in protoplanetary disks can be saturated at an optical depth of ≲1 due to local saturation. Ices are observed at various heights in the disk model, but in this model, spatial information is lost for features at wavelengths >7 µm when observing with James Webb Space Telescope because the angular resolution decreases towards longer wavelengths. Spatially observed ice optical depths cannot be directly related to column densities, as would be the case for direct absorption against a bright continuum source, because of radiative transfer effects. Vertical snowlines will not be a clear transition because the height of the snow surface increases radially, but their location may be constrained from observations using radiative transfer modeling. Radial snowlines are not really accessible. Not only the ice abundance, but also the inclination, the settling, the grain size distribution, and the disk mass have a strong impact on the observed ice absorption features in disks. Relative changes in the ice abundance can only be inferred from observations if the source structure is well constrained.
Neutron star mass–radius constraints using the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations of GRB 200415A
Authors: Sotani H. , Kokkotas K. D. , Stergioulas N. 
Published: July 2023

Context. Quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) observed in a giant flare of a strongly magnetized neutron star (magnetar) carry crucial information for extracting the properties od neutron stars.
Aims. The aim of this study is to constrain the mass and radius of the neutron star model for GRB 200415A by identifying the observed QPOs with crustal torsional oscillations and comparing these with experimental constraints on the nuclear matter properties.
The frequencies of the crustal torsional oscillations are determined by solving the eigenvalue problem with the Cowling approximation, assuming a magnetic field of about 1015 G.
Methods. We find that the observed QPOs can be identified with several overtones of crustal oscillations for carefully selected combinations of the nuclear saturation parameters. Thus, we can inversely constrain the neutron star mass and radius for GRB 200415A by comparing them to the values of nuclear saturation parameters obtained from terrestrial experiments.
Results. We impose further constraints on the neutron star mass and radius while the candidate neutron star models examined here are consistent with the constraints obtained from other available astronomical and experimental observations.
The volatile composition of C/2021 A1 (Leonard): Comparison between infrared and UV-optical measurements
Authors: Lippi M. , Vander Donckt M. , Faggi S. , Moulane Y. , Mumma M. J. , Villanueva G. L. , Jehin E. 
Published: July 2023

Aims. We report on the composition of comet C/2021 A1 (Leonard) as measured by CRIRES+, the upgraded high resolution infrared echelle spectrometer of VLT/ESO. We compare our results with those obtained in the near-UV-visible using TRAPPIST-South.
Methods. C/2021 A1 (Leonard) was observed with CRIRES+ on December 29, 2021 and January 1–3, 2022, and monitored almost daily using TRAPPIST-South from about mid-December 2021 to the end of January 2022. During the TRAPPIST observations the comet showed (almost) periodic outbursts, with an estimated interval of about 4.4 days. One of these outbursts occurred close in time with our CRIRES+ observations on January 1, allowing us to investigate fresh material released from the nucleus. Both data sets were reduced using established algorithms tailored for each telescope and instrument. The obtained results in the two spectral ranges were searched for correlations and similarities to compare the primary and secondary species in the coma.
Results. The abundance ratios (with respect to water) of CH3OH, C2H6, and CH4 in C/2021 A1, as measured in the infrared with CRIRES+, are lower than the average values measured in other comets, suggesting a depletion in organics for this comet. On the contrary, measurements in the near UV-Visible spectral region obtained close in time with TRAPPIST-South show a C2/CN ratio that falls in the typical range. The different conclusions that can be reached observing the same comet in different spectral ranges (organic depleted vs. organic typical) open a series of questions on the processes occurring in the coma. Their comprehensive interpretation requires deeper investigations in future studies.
Palliativmedizinische Aspekte in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sowie Intensivmedizin: Konsensuspapier der DGIIN, DGK, DGP, DGHO, DGfN, DGNI, DGG, DGAI, DGINA und DGPalliativmedizin
Authors: Michels Guido , John Stefan , Janssens Uwe , Raake Philip , Schütt Katharina Andrea , Bauersachs Johann , Barchfeld Thomas , Schucher Bernd , Delis Sandra , Karpf-Wissel Rüdiger , Kochanek Matthias , von Bonin Simone , Erley Christiane M. , Kuhlmann Susanne D. , Müllges Wolfgang , Gahn Georg , Heppner Hans Jürgen , Wiese Christoph H. R. , Kluge Stefan , Busch Hans-Jörg , Bausewein Claudia , Schallenburger Manuela , Pin Martin , Neukirchen Martin 
Published: July 2023

ZusammenfassungDie zeitgerechte Integration der Palliativmedizin ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der medizinischen Behandlung von verschiedenen Erkrankungen im fortgeschrittenen Stadium. Während eine erweiterte S3-Leitlinie zur Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankung existiert, fehlt bis dato eine Leitlinie für nicht-onkologische Patienten bzw. eine konkrete Empfehlung für Patienten, die in der Notaufnahme oder auf Intensivstation behandelt werden. Basierend auf dem vorliegenden Konsensuspapier wird auf die palliativmedizinischen Aspekte der jeweiligen Fachdisziplinen eingegangen. Durch die zeitgerechte Integration der Palliativversorgung soll eine verbesserte Lebensqualität und Symptomlinderung in der klinischen Akut- und Notfallmedizin sowie Intensivmedizin erreicht werden.
CircRNA SCAR Improves High-Glucose-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Permeability Damage in Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wu Rong , Huang Sheng , Xie Jin-feng , Wen Nian-lian , Wen Min , Zhong Su-e 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the role and mechanism of circRNA SCAR in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hRMVECs) treated with high glucose. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) were used to detect the effects of different concentrations of glucose on circRNA SCAR expression and cell proliferation in hRMVECs. Cell viability, levels of oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as well as activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the transfected hRMVECs in each group were detected using CCK-8 and their corresponding detection kits. Changes in mtDNA copy number in high-glucose-induced hRMVECs were observed by qRT-PCR. Additionally, western blot was applied to detect effect of overexpressing circRNA SCAR on the expression levels of mitochondrial function-related proteins (Drp1 and Fis1) and cell permeability-related proteins (claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1) in hRMVECs under high-glucose concentration. According to experimental results, high glucose significantly downregulated circRNA SCAR expression and inhibited cell proliferation in hRMVECs. Instead, overexpression of this circRNA SCAR promoted cell proliferation, reduced levels of ROS, MDA and ATP, and increased SOD and CAT activities in hRMVECs under high-glucose concentration. Also, circRNA SCAR overexpression reversed the high-glucose-induced decrease in mtDNA copy number as well as, high-glucose-induced upregulation of Drp1 and Fis1 protein expression and downregulation of claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1 protein expression in hRMVECs. In summary, circRNA SCAR promotes the proliferation of hRMVECs under high-glucose concentration, alleviates oxidative stress induced by high glucose, and improves mitochondrial function and permeability damage.
Doctors Identify Hemorrhage Better during Chart Review when Assisted by Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Laursen Martin S. , Pedersen Jannik S. , Hansen Rasmus S. , Savarimuthu Thiusius R. , Lynggaard Rasmus B. , Vinholt Pernille J. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objectives This study evaluated if medical doctors could identify more hemorrhage events during chart review in a clinical setting when assisted by an artificial intelligence (AI) model and medical doctors' perception of using the AI model.
Methods To develop the AI model, sentences from 900 electronic health records were labeled as positive or negative for hemorrhage and categorized into one of 12 anatomical locations. The AI model was evaluated on a test cohort consisting of 566 admissions. Using eye-tracking technology, we investigated medical doctors' reading workflow during manual chart review. Moreover, we performed a clinical use study where medical doctors read two admissions with and without AI assistance to evaluate performance when using and perception of using the AI model.
Results The AI model had a sensitivity of 93.7% and a specificity of 98.1% on the test cohort. In the use studies, we found that medical doctors missed more than 33% of relevant sentences when doing chart review without AI assistance. Hemorrhage events described in paragraphs were more often overlooked compared with bullet-pointed hemorrhage mentions. With AI-assisted chart review, medical doctors identified 48 and 49 percentage points more hemorrhage events than without assistance in two admissions, and they were generally positive toward using the AI model as a supporting tool.
Conclusion Medical doctors identified more hemorrhage events with AI-assisted chart review and they were generally positive toward using the AI model.
Assisted documentation as a new focus for artificial intelligence in endoscopy: the precedent of reliable withdrawal time and image reporting
Authors: Lux Thomas J. , Saßmannshausen Zita , Kafetzis Ioannis , Sodmann Philipp , Herold Katja , Sudarevic Boban , Schmitz Rüdiger , Zoller Wolfram G. , Meining Alexander , Hann Alexander 
Published: July 2023

Background Reliable documentation is essential for maintaining quality standards in endoscopy; however, in clinical practice, report quality varies. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based prototype for the measurement of withdrawal and intervention times, and automatic photodocumentation.
Method A multiclass deep learning algorithm distinguishing different endoscopic image content was trained with 10 557 images (1300 examinations, nine centers, four processors). Consecutively, the algorithm was used to calculate withdrawal time (AI prediction) and extract relevant images. Validation was performed on 100 colonoscopy videos (five centers). The reported and AI-predicted withdrawal times were compared with video-based measurement; photodocumentation was compared for documented polypectomies.
Results Video-based measurement in 100 colonoscopies revealed a median absolute difference of 2.0 minutes between the measured and reported withdrawal times, compared with 0.4 minutes for AI predictions. The original photodocumentation represented the cecum in 88 examinations compared with 98/100 examinations for the AI-generated documentation. For 39/104 polypectomies, the examiners’ photographs included the instrument, compared with 68 for the AI images. Lastly, we demonstrated real-time capability (10 colonoscopies).
Conclusion Our AI system calculates withdrawal time, provides an image report, and is real-time ready. After further validation, the system may improve standardized reporting, while decreasing the workload created by routine documentation.
Outcome of Emergency Pulmonary Lobectomy under ECMO Support in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Almeida Ana Beatriz , Schweigert Michael , Spieth Peter , Dubecz Attila , de Abreu Marcelo Gama , Richter Torsten , Kellner Patrick 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background Not much is known about the results of nonelective anatomical lung resections in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients put on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of lobectomy under ECMO support in patients with acute respiratory failure due to severe COVID-19.
Methods All COVID-19 patients undergoing anatomical lung resection with ECMO support at a German university hospital were included into a prospective database. Study period was April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021 (first, second, and third waves in Germany).
Results A total of nine patients (median age 61 years, interquartile range 10 years) were included. There was virtually no preexisting comorbidity (median Charlson score of comorbidity 0.2). The mean interval between first positive COVID-19 test and surgery was 21.9 days. Clinical symptoms at the time of surgery were sepsis (nine of nine), respiratory failure (nine of nine), acute renal failure (five of nine), pleural empyema (five of nine), lung artery embolism (four of nine), and pneumothorax (two of nine). Mean intensive care unit (ICU) and ECMO days before surgery were 15.4 and 6, respectively. Indications for surgery were bacterial superinfection with lung abscess formation and progressive septic shock (seven of nine) and abscess formation with massive pulmonary hemorrhage into the abscess cavity (two of nine). All patients were under venovenous ECMO with femoral-jugular configuration. Operative procedures were lobectomy (eight) and pneumonectomy (one). Weaning from ECMO was successful in four of nine. In-hospital mortality was five of nine. Mean total ECMO days were 10.3 ± 6.2 and mean total ICU days were 27.7 ± 9.9. Mean length of stay was 28.7 ± 8.8 days.
Conclusion Emergency surgery under ECMO support seems to open up a perspective for surgical source control in COVID-19 patients with bacterial superinfection and localized pulmonary abscess.
PEDOT:PSS stabilized paper-based piezoresistive sensor for wearable electronics
Authors: Pan Xiaoying , Zhao Cong , Sun Qingyin , Qin Chu , Wu Jiaxin , Wang Min 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
As a key component of electronic skins, flexible pressure sensors have attracted more and more attention because of the increasingly growing demand. Stability is a key parameter to evaluate pressure sensors, while relatively few reports have focused on it. Here, a paper-based piezoresistive sensor is developed, in which, the airlaid paper based sensing layer is modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and sandwiched in between two convex electrodes. Due to the cross bonding of PEDOT:PSS membrane, the conductive paths of AgNWs networks are strengthened and stabilized, thus the stability of the sensor is found to be significantly improved. Besides, to regulate the compressibility by varying sensing layers, the performance of the proposed sensor can be further improved, and its practical application performances in healthcare pulse monitoring, tiny muscle motion, and voice recognition are demonstrated. The results confirm that PEDOT:PSS has the potential as stabilization media to AgNWs for paper-based flexible wearable electronics.
Effects of bendable P3CT polymers layer on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chandel Anjali , Chiang Shou-En , Chang Wen-Hsin , Wu Jia-Ren , Yuan Chi-Tsu , Chang Sheng Hsiung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We report on the formation of bendable and edge-on poly[3-(4-carboxybutyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (P3CT) polymers thin layer used as a hole modification layer (HML) in the inverted perovskite solar cell. The aggregations of 2D layer-like P3CT polymers in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution can be formed via aromatic π–π stacking interactions and/or hydrogen-bonding interactions with the different concentration from 0.01 to 0.02 wt%, which highly influences the photovoltaic performance of the inverted perovskite solar cells. The atomic-force microscopic images and water droplet contact angle images show that the P3CT polymers modify the surface properties of the transparent conductive substrate and thereby dominating the formation of perovskite crystalline thin films, which play important roles in the highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells. It is noted that the V
OC (J
SC) of the encapsulated solar cells values are maintained to be higher than 1.115 V (22 mA cm−2) after 104 d when an optimized π–π stacked and hydrogen-bonded P3CT polymer is used as the HML. On the other hand, the solar cell showed a high long-term stability by maintaining 85% of the initial power conversion efficiency in the ambient air for 103 d.
Mechanically induced dye-release from polyurea microcapsules in a rubbery adhesive
Authors: Koch C , Müller A , Kahlmeyer M , Riske T , Melnyk I , Dähne L , Kaden D , Baitinger M , Fery A , Böhm S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Especially in the building industry the demand for in situ monitoring concepts of adhesive joints persists. In a new approach, microcapsules filled with special dyes, are added into a rubbery adhesive. Certain stress levels within the adhesive lead to a breakage of the capsules, which release their liquid cores. This results in a detectable colour change and thus, enables non-destructive condition monitoring of the bond. Dye-filled polyurea microcapsules were produced by interfacial polymerization by varying synthesis parameters while their influence on capsule morphology and wall thickness was determined. The morphology and thermal properties of the microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic differential calorimetry, respectively. Subsequently, the method of nanoindentation was used to study the deformation and fracture behaviour of the microcapsules. Finally, it was analysed to what extent the microcapsules break within a polymer matrix, e.g. by critical stress levels or deformations. This development is a new quality assurance method for glass façades.
Quantum-information theory of magnetic field influence on circular dots with different boundary conditions
Authors: Shafeekali H , Olendski O 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Influence of the transverse uniform magnetic field B on position (subscript ρ) and momentum (γ) Shannon quantum-information entropies S

ρ,γ
Fisher informations I

ρ,γ
and informational energies O

ρ,γ
is studied theoretically for the 2D circular quantum dots (QDs) whose circumference supports homogeneous either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary condition (BC). Comparative analysis reveals similarities and differences of the influence on the properties of the structure of the surface interaction with the magnetic field. A conspicuous distinction between the two spectra are crossings at the increasing induction of the Neumann energies with the same radial quantum number n and adjacent non-positive angular indices m. At the growing B, either system undergoes Landau condensation when its characteristics turn into their uniform field counterparts. It is shown that for the Dirichlet system this transformation takes place at the smaller magnetic intensities; e.g. the Dirichlet sum

S

ρ

00

+

S

γ

00

on its approach from above to a fundamental limit

2
(
1
+
ln
π
)

is at any B smaller than the corresponding Neumann quantity what physically means that the former geometry provides more total information about the position and motion of the particle. It is pointed out that the widely accepted disequilibrium uncertainty relation

O

ρ

O

γ

≤

2
π

−
d

, with d being a dimensionality of the system, is violated by the Neumann QD in the magnetic field. Comparison with electrostatic harmonic confinement is performed; in particular, contrary to the hard-wall QDs, for this configuration the sums S

ρ
+ S

γ
and the products I

ρ

I

γ
and O

ρ

O

γ
do not depend on the field. Physical interpretation is based on the different roles of the two BCs and their interplay with the field: Dirichlet (Neumann) surface is a repulsive (attractive) interface.
Transmission and Reflection properties of the incident Light via SW coherent laser field
Authors: Smait Drai Ahmed , Khalil Noor , Bashar Bashar S , Mohhamed Elaf M , Khalaf Sabreen Ali , Salman Zahraa N , Nayyef Murtadha Salam , Hadrawi Salema K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The relative phase of the applied lights has been used to explore the position dependence of the transmitted and reflected light from a defective dielectric medium. The duplicated two-level atomic system that makes up the dielectric medium interacts with a position-dependent standing wave (SW) coupling light and a weak probe laser field. We found that identical behaviors can be produced for the transmitted and reflected light in various directions due to the relative phase of the applied light. Furthermore, we understood that the transmitted and reflected spectra of the incident light become asymmetric for the asymmetric profile of the coupling light, and that these circumstances will cause the probing field to be amplified. In this instance, we found that altering the relative phase of the applied lights can modify the position of the subluminal and superluminal light.
Production and characterization of random electrode sectorization in GEM foils
Authors: Pellecchia A. , Bianco M. , De Oliveira R. , Fallavollita F. , Fiorina D. , Rosi N. , Verwilligen P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In triple-GEM detectors, the segmentation of GEM foils in electrically independent
sectors allows reducing the probability of discharge damage to the detector and improving the
detector rate capability. However, a segmented foil presents thin dead regions in the separation
between two sectors and the segmentation pattern has to be manually aligned with the GEM hole
pattern during the foil manufacturing, a procedure potentially sensitive to errors.

We describe the production and characterization of triple-GEM detectors obtained with an
innovative GEM foil segmentation technique, the “random hole segmentation”, that allows easier
manufacturing of segmented GEM foils. The electrical stability to high voltage and the gain
uniformity of a random-hole segmented triple-GEM prototype are measured. The results of a test
beam on a prototype assembled for the Phase-2 GEM upgrade of the CMS experiment are also
presented. A high statistics efficiency measurement shows that the random hole segmentation can
limit the efficiency loss of the detector in the areas between two sectors, making it a viable
alternative to blank segmentation for the GEM foil manufacturing of large-area detector systems.