bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZATION OF ENDOGLUCANASE PRODUCTION BY SOLID FERMENTATION USING COCONUT RESIDUE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL
Authors: Cerqueira Keilla S. , Silva Graziella N. , Silva Karollyna M. , Rodrigues Jacqueline R.S. , Lobato Ana Katerine de C. L. , Souza Roberto R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Enzymes have several applications and potential, in addition to being an alternative for industry because they have advantages over synthetic chemicals that release polluting and toxic by-products into the environment. The optimization of the production of enzymes that degrade cellulose is of great interest, and in order to increase the viability of its use, several studies have been selecting sources and identifying means of obtaining and evaluating the enzymatic activity of these enzymes. Microorganisms can be used in the recycling of waste or in the production of several products with high added value, including biomolecules of industrial importance. The low cost of this raw material allows the development of economically competitive and ecological processes. Coconut fiber is an abundant lignocellulosic material and a rich source of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, presenting itself as a promising and low-cost raw material for the production of enzymes. This work aims to produce endoglucanase from microorganisms isolated from coconut fiber to produce second-generation ethanol. For this, the kinetic profile of the enzymatic complex containing cellulases was evaluated, analyzing the effects of moisture content, temperature, and pH during the solid-state fermentation of coconut fiber, using a microorganism isolated from the bagasse itself. The Statistica software was used to evaluate the enzyme's complex production parameters through Pareto charts and response surface plotting. The statistical results indicated that the best conditions of humidity, temperature, and pH were 80%, 30°C, and 3 with activities of 182 U/g endoglucanase in a time of 168 h.
Experimental Manifestation of Redox-Conductivity in Metal-Organic Frameworks and its Implication for Semiconductor/Insulator Switching
Authors: Li Jingguo , Kumar Amol , Johnson Ben , Ott Sascha 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Electrical conductivity through metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is almost exclusively interpreted in terms of band theory. This common practice neglects the fact that MOFs with electronically isolated redox active units will in fact show redox conductivity. Herein, we demonstrate unambiguous experimental evidence for redox conductivity in a MOF for the first time. The study was conducted on FTO-grown thin films of Zn(pyrazol-NDI) (pyrazol-NDI = 1,4-bis[(3,5-dimethyl)-pyrazol-4-yl]naphthalenediimide). Following Nernstian behavior, the proportion of reduced and oxidized NDI linkers can be adjusted by the applied potential. Through a series of conductivity measurements, it is demonstrated that the MOF exhibits minimal electric resistance at the mid-point potentials of the NDI linker, and conductivity is enhanced by more than 10000-fold compared to that of either the neutral or completely reduced films. The generality of redox conductivity is demonstrated in different MOFs, and its implication for applications that require switching between insulating and semiconducting regimes is discussed.
Multi-Scale Cross-Fusion for Arbitrary Scale Image Super Resolution
Authors: Li Guangping , Xiao Huanling , Liang Dingkai , Ling Bingo Wing-Kuen 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have great improvements for single image super resolution (SISR). However, most of the existing SISR pre-training models can only reconstruct low-resolution (LR) images in a single image, and their upsamling factors cannot be non-integers, which limits their application in practical scenarios. In this paper, we propose a multi-scale cross-fusion network (MCNet) to accomplish the super-resolution task of images at arbitrary scale. Specifically, we construct a multi-scale cross-fusion module (MSCF) to enrich spatial information and remove redundant noise, which uses deep feature maps of different sizes for interactive learning. A large number of experiments on four benchmark datasets show that the proposed method can obtain better super-resolution results than existing arbitrary scale methods in both quantitative evaluation and visual comparison.
Health-Related Quality of Life is Linked to the Gut Microbiome in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Swarte J. Casper , Knobbe Tim J. , Björk Johannes , Gacesa Ranko , Nieuwenhuis Lianne M. , Zhang Shuyan , Vila Arnau Vich , Kremer Daan , Douwes Rianne M. , Post Adrian , Quint Evelien E. , Pol Robert A. , Jansen Bernadien , de Borst Martin , de Meijer Vincent , Blokzijl Hans , Berger Stefan , Festen Eleonora , Zhernakova Alexandra , Fu Jingyuan , Harmsen Hermie , Bakker Stephan , Weersma Rinse 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) have impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and suffer from intestinal dysbiosis. Increasing evidence shows that gut health and HRQoL are tightly related in the general population. We investigated the association between the gut microbiome and HRQoL in KTR, using metagenomic sequencing data from fecal samples collected from 507 KTR. Multiple bacterial species were associated with lower HRQoL, many of which have previously been associated with adverse health conditions. Gut microbiome dissimilarity to the general population was highest among KTR with an impaired physical HRQoL (R=-0.20, P=2.3x10-5) and mental HRQoL (R=-0.14, P=1.3x10-3). Physical and mental HRQoL explained a significant part of the variance in the gut microbiome (R2=0.63%, FDR=5.40x10-4 and R2=0.37%, FDR=1.40x10-3, respectively). Additionally, multiple metabolic and neuroactive pathways (gut brain modules) were associated with lower HRQoL. These results put forward the microbiome as a potential target to improve HRQoL in KTR.
Discovery of a New Potent Oxindole Multi-kinase Inhibitor Among a Series of Designed 3-Alkenyl-oxindoles with ancillary Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory activity as antiproliferative agents
Authors: Ismail Rania S. M. , Kerdawy Ahmed M. El , Soliman Dalia H. , Georgey Hanan H. , Gawad Nagwa M. Abdel , Angeli Andrea , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
An optimization strategy was adopted for designing and synthesizing new series of 2-oxindole conjugates. Selected compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative effect in vitro against NCI-60 cell lines panel, inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms (hCAI, II, IX and XII), and protein kinases. Compounds 5 and 7 showed promising inhibitory effects on hCA XII, whereas compound 4d was the most potent inhibitor with low nanomolar CA inhibition against all tested isoforms. These results were rationalized by using molecular docking. Despite its lack of CA inhibitory activity, compound 15c was the most active antiproliferative candidate against most of the 60 cell lines with mean growth inhibition 61.83%. To uncover the mechanism of action behind its antiproliferative activity, compound 15c was assessed against a panel of protein kinases (RET, KIT, cMet, VEGFR1,2, FGFR1, PDFGR and BRAF) showing % inhibition of 74%, 31%, 62%, 40%, 73%, 74%, 59% and 69%, respectively, and IC50 of 1.287, 0.117 and 1.185, respectively, against FGFR1, VEGFR and RET kinases. These results were also explained through molecular docking.
Extracellular Vesicles From Lactobacillus druckerii Inhibit Hypertrophic scar Fibrosis
Authors: Han Fu , Wang Kejia , Shen Kuo , Wang Jing , Han Shichao , Hu Dahai , Wu Gaofeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic scars (HS) affect millions of people each year and require better treatment strategies. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are advantaged by low cost and high yield which was commonly used in the treatment of diseases. Here, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of EVs obtained from Lactobacillus druckerii in hypertrophic scar. In vitro, the effects of Lactobacillus druckerii-derived EVs (LDEVs) on Collagen I/III and α-SMA in fibroblasts obtained from HS. In vivo, a scleroderma mouse model was used to investigate the effects of LDEVs on fibrosis. The impact of LDEVs on excisional wound healing was explored. The different proteins between PBS and LDEVs treated fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scar were studied by untargeted proteomic analysis.
Results: In vitro, LDEVs treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Collagen I/III and α-SMA and cell proliferation of fibroblasts derived from HS. In vivo, LDEVs withdrawn the hypertrophic scar formation in scleroderma mouse model and decreased the expression of α-SMA. LDEVs promoted the proliferation of skin cells, new blood vessel formation and wound healing in excisional wound healing mice model. Moreover, proteomics has shown that LDEVs inhibit hypertrophic scar fibrosis through multiple pathways.
Conclusions: Our results indicated that Lactobacillus druckerii-derived EVs has the potential application in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and any other fibrosisdiseases.
WITHDRAWN: Association between dietary inflammatory index and Parkinson’s disease from NHANES (2003–2018): a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Lu , Cen Yanmei , Zeng Zhaohao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective: To explore the association between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores in adults over 40 years old in the US.
Methods: In this study, data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2003 to 2018. A total of 80,241 participants were included in the study. A weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the DII and PD, in which continuous variables or categorical variables grouped by tertiles has used. The relationship between DII and PD has been further investigated using propensity score matching (PSM) and a subgroup analysis stratified based on DII and PD characteristics. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was conducted to examine whether there was a nonlinear association between DII and PD.
Results: A total of 21,994 participants were obtained for statistical analysis, including 263 patients with PD and 21,731 participants without PD. Univariate and multivariable logistics regression analysis showed DII to be positively associated with PD before and after matching. Subgroup analysis revealed a statistical difference in non-Hispanic Whites, but RCS analysis suggested that there was no nonlinear relationship between the DII and PD.
Conclusion: For participants over 40 years of age, higher DII scores were positively correlated with PD. In addition, these results support the ability of diet to be used as an intervention strategy for managing PD.
La doped TiO2 nanoparticles for photocatalysis: Synthesis, activity in terms of degradation of Methylene Blue dye and regeneration of used nanoparticles
Authors: Verma Veeresh , Singh Satya Vir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this study, bare and Lanthanum (La) doped TiO2 photocatalysts Ti1 − xLaxO2 (x = 0.00-0.025) were prepared by employing a solution-combustion procedure. In this citric acid was utilised as fuel and as a complexing agent. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by FTIR for the identification of various functional groups, FE-SEM to identify the morphology of nanoparticles, XRD to determine their crystal structure and crystallite size, and DRS to calculate the band gap. Photo-catalytic breakdown of Methylene blue (MB) dye in its aqueous solutions of different concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) was used to examine the activity of synthesized nanoparticles in a UV photochemical reactor (UV-PCR). The dye degradation was found to be first order. The best activity was shown by 1.5% La-doped TiO2 photocatalyst and it was better than the commercial Aeroxide P-25 photocatalyst. The Ti0.985La0.015O2 catalyst could be regenerated and reused up to five times with a minor loss in degradation efficiency of MB dye (30 ppm) about 7.85% at the end of fifth cycle.
Sizes and Shapes of Perivascular Spaces Surrounding Murine Pial Arteries
Authors: Raicevic Nikola , Forer Jarod M. , Ladron-de-Guevara Antonio , Du Ting , Nedergaard Maiken , Kelley Douglas H. , Boster Kimberly A. S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background: Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through brain perivascular spaces (PVSs) is essential for the clearance of interstitial metabolic waste products whose accumulation and aggregation is a key mechanism of pathogenesis in many diseases. The PVS geometry has important implications for CSF flow as it affects CSF and solute transport rates. Thus, the size and shape of the perivascular spaces are essential parameters for models of CSF transport in the brain and require accurate quantification.
Methods: We segmented two-photon images of pial (surface) PVSs and the adjacent arteries and characterized their sizes and shapes of thousands of cross sections from 14 PVS segments in 9 mice. Based on the analysis, we propose an idealized model that approximates the cross-sectional size and shape of pial PVSs, closely matching their area ratios and hydraulic resistances.
Results: PVS size only approximately scales with vessel size, and the ratio of PVS-to-vessel area varies widely across the thousands of cross sections analyzed. The hydraulic resistance per unit length of the PVS scales with the PVS cross-sectional area, and we found a power-law fit that predicts resistance as a function of the area. Three idealized geometric models were compared to PVSs imaged in vivo, and their accuracy in reproducing hydraulic resistances and PVS-to-vessel area ratios were evaluated. The area ratio was obtained across thousands of different cross sections, and we found that the distribution peaks for the original PVS and its closest idealized fit (polynomial fit) were 1.12 and 1.21, respectively. The peak of the hydraulic resistance distribution is 1.73 x 1015 Pa-s/m5 and 1.44 x 1015 Pa-s/m5 for the segmentation and its closest idealized fit, respectively.
Conclusions: Brief summary and potential implicationsPVS hydraulic resistance can be reasonably predicted as a function of the PVS area. The proposed polynomial-based fit most closely captures the shape of the PVS with respect to area ratio and hydraulic resistance. Idealized PVS shapes are convenient for modeling, which can be used to better understand how anatomical variations affect clearance and drug delivery transport.
ActGraph: Prioritization of Test Cases Based on Deep Neural Network Activation Graph
Authors: Chen Jinyin , Ge Jie , Zheng Haibin 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Widespread applications of deep neural networks (DNNs) benefit fromDNN testing to guarantee their quality. In the DNN testing, numeroustest cases are fed into the model to explore potential vulnerabilities,but they require expensive manual cost to check the label. Therefore,test case prioritization is proposed to solve the problem of labeling cost,e.g., activation-based and mutation-based prioritization methods. How-ever, most of them suffer from limited scenarios (i.e. high confidenceadversarial or false positive cases) and high time complexity. To addressthese challenges, we propose the concept of the activation graph fromthe perspective of the spatial relationship of neurons. We observe thatthe activation graph of cases that triggers the model’s misbehaviorsignificantly differs from that of normal cases. Motivated by it, wedesign a test case prioritization method based on the activation graph,ActGraph, by extracting the high-order node features of the activationgraph for prioritization. ActGraph explains the difference between thetest cases to solve the problem of scenario limitation. Without muta-tion operations, ActGraph is easy to implement, leading to lower timecomplexity. Extensive experiments on three datasets and four mod-els demonstrate that ActGraph has the following key characteristics.(i) Effectiveness and generalizability: ActGraph shows competitiveperformance in all of the natural, adversarial and mixed scenarios,especially in RAUC-100 improvement (∼ ×1.40). (ii) Efficiency: Act-Graph does not use complex mutation operations and runs in less time (∼ ×1/50) than the state-of-the-art method. The code of ActGraph is open-sourced at https:// github.com/ Embed-Debuger/ ActGraph.
How Should the Time Interval be Defined in Homicide-Suicide Cases?
Authors: Li Feng , Chen Chuqian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Homicide−suicide behavior ordinarily refers to people who attempt to kill other people then themselves within a week. However, some offenders may have suicide behaviors before or almost simultaneously with homicide acts. The present study aimed to examine the time interval involved in homicide−suicide behavior.
Methods
Murderers who have attempted suicide or individuals who have attempted murder and suicide are regarded as homicide−suicide offenders. We searched Chinese court documents to identify these individuals. We classified them into five groups: those who attempted suicide more than 24 hours before (T1); within 24 hours before (T2); almost simultaneously (T3); within 24 hours after (T4, reference group); and more than 24 hours after (T5) homicide acts. We used multinomial logistic regressions to compare demographics, methods of homicide and suicide, and risk factors among the five groups.
Results
A total of 987 offenders were included (T1, 62; T2, 111; T3, 103; T4, 688; T5, 23). T1 (OR, 2.94; p < 0.01), T2 (OR, 1.89; p < 0.05), and T3 (OR, 3.73; p < 0.01) were more likely to be female than T4; T1 (33.9% vs 19.4%) and T5 (65.2% vs 30.4%) were more likely to attack extra-family members than intimate partners; and T1 were more likely to have psychiatric illnesses than T4 (OR, 9.33; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
If the tendency of attacking intimate partners was set to be the primary inclusion standard of HS, only cases that involved less than one-day intervals between homicidal and suicidal acts could be regarded as homicide−suicide.
The synergistic mechanism of transition layer and transfer layer on dry sliding wear of multi-layered diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating at wide temperature
Authors: Xu Runzhou , Liu Yinshui , Cheng Qian , Wang Zhenyao , Ke Peiling , Deng Yipan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The friction and wear characteristics of Cr/CrC/DLC coatings deposited on the surface of 17-4PH stainless steel by a combination of linear anode layer ion source (LIS) and direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) techniques at a wide temperature were studied. The analysis of the wear mechanism and tribochemical reaction mechanism of multi-layered coatings at wide temperatures (25–200 ℃) revealed that the transfer layer generated during wear and the transition layer (Cr/CrC) of multi-layered coatings had a beneficial effect on wear. The friction test results show that the transformation of graphitization mechanism of the DLC coating surface and the lubricating effect of the transfer layer lead to a reduction of the friction coefficient to 0.03. With the increase of temperature, the wear mechanism of DLC coating changes from abrasive wear to adhesive wear, and finally delamination, which is caused by the intensification of surface graphitization. The complex tribochemical reaction in the wear process leads to the dynamic change of its graphitization transformation, which is mainly because the transition layer Cr/CrC and Si3N4 play a role in inhibiting the graphitization transformation of DLC layer during the wear process, thus affecting the friction properties of DLC.
Recurrent multifocal urothelial tumor associated with Lynch syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Duarte Ivan Kirche , Taha Raphael , Monteiro Camila Ribeiro Arruda , Azevedo Rodrigo , Stavale João Norberto , Saiovici Samuel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lynch syndrome is a rare pathology triggered by several genetic mutations that predispose individuals to various tumors. Although uncommon, urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract can present with different characteristics. Here, we present the case of a patient with Lynch syndrome who developed a multifocal, recurrent lesion. A young woman with Lynch syndrome underwent screening at 30 years of age. She presented with macroscopic hematuria, underwent a urinary tract ultrasound, and was diagnosed with bladder cancer. The lesion was resected, and after a few years, she presented with a tumor of the right renal pelvis. Subsequently, a laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy was performed. As the patient had an allergy to iodinated contrast, we continued screening with cystoscopy, urinary tract ultrasound, and oncotic cytology in the urine. After several years, she developed a new recurrence in the left renal pelvis and left ureter. Despite multiple tumors, as the patient had a single kidney, a therapy with lower morbidity was selected. This comprised endoscopic resection of the lesion and laser ablation at its base. After years of follow-up, the patient showed no evidence of disease recurrence and remained under follow-up. Lynch syndrome is a pathology with the potential for multisite tumors. It is extremely important for urologists to understand this syndrome because urothelial tumors of the upper urinary tract may be the initial manifestation of this syndrome. Screening must be individualized for each patient, considering the limitations of each method.
Substituting phenol in phenol-formaldehyde resins for wood modification by phenolic cleavage products from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin
Authors: Karthäuser Johannes , Biziks Vladimirs , Frauendorf Holm , Hoffmann Lisa , Raskop Salomé , Roggatz Daniel , Militz Holger 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Wood modification using phenol-formaldehyde resins (PF resins) is a well-known and commercialized method to improve, amongst others, the dimensional stability and the durability of wood. However, phenol is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, and the substitution of phenol by renewable resources has been a topic of research interest for years. Due to the high availability of technical lignins, lignin-derived cleavage products are promising candidates. In this study, organic cleavage products obtained from vacuum low-temperature microwave-assisted pyrolysis of softwood kraft lignin were used to substitute up to 45% of phenol in PF resins. The curing behavior and the free formaldehyde content of the resins was studied. Pine sapwood was treated with these resins by a vacuum pressure treatment, and the weight percent gain, leaching, and dimensional stability of the species were examined. Selected samples were analyzed with microscopy. The results indicate that up to 30% substitution of phenol by lignin-based organic products does not lead to significantly inferior wood modifications. At a substitution of 45%, the performance decreases, most likely due to the lower reactivity of the lignin cleavage products compared to pure phenol. The method described in this study could be a way to improve the environmental footprint of wood modification by PF resins.