bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem services change modulated by drought and rising CO2
Authors: Huang Binbin , Lu Fei , Wang Xiaoke , Wu Xing , Zheng Hua , Su Yuebo , Yuan Yafei , Ouyang Zhiyun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEcological restoration projects (ERPs) are an indispensable component of natural climate solutions and have proven to be very important for reversing environmental degradation in vulnerable regions and enhancing ecosystem services. However, the level of enhancement would be inevitably influenced by global drought and rising CO2, which remain less investigated. In this study, we took the Beijing‐Tianjin sand source region (which has experienced long‐term ERPs), China, as an example and combined the process‐based Biome‐BGCMuSo model to set multiple scenarios to address this issue. We found ERP‐induced carbon sequestration (CS), water retention (WR), soil retention (SR), and sandstorm prevention (SP) increased by 22.21%, 2.87%, 2.35%, and 28.77%, respectively. Moreover, the ecosystem services promotion from afforestation was greater than that from grassland planting. Approximately 91.41%, 98.13%, and 64.51% of the increased CS, SR, and SP were contributed by afforestation. However, afforestation also caused the WR to decline. Although rising CO2 amplified ecosystem services contributed by ERPs, it was almost totally offset by drought. The contribution of ERPs to CS, WR, SR, and SP was reduced by 5.74%, 32.62%, 11.74%, and 14.86%, respectively, under combined drought and rising CO2. Our results confirmed the importance of ERPs in strengthening ecosystem services provision. Furthermore, we provide a quantitative way to understand the influence rate of drought and rising CO2 on ERP‐induced ecosystem service dynamics. In addition, the considerable negative climate change impact implied that restoration strategies should be optimized to improve ecosystem resilience to better combat negative climate change impacts.
Hydric effects on thermal tolerances influence climate vulnerability in a high‐latitude beetle
Authors: Riddell Eric A. , Mutanen Marko , Ghalambor Cameron K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSpecies' thermal tolerances are used to estimate climate vulnerability, but few studies consider the role of the hydric environment in shaping thermal tolerances. As environments become hotter and drier, organisms often respond by limiting water loss to lower the risk of desiccation; however, reducing water loss may produce trade‐offs that lower thermal tolerances if respiration becomes inhibited. Here, we measured the sensitivity of water loss rate and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) to precipitation in nature and laboratory experiments that exposed click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae) to acute‐ and long‐term humidity treatments. We also took advantage of their unique clicking behavior to characterize subcritical thermal tolerances. We found higher water loss rates in the dry acclimation treatment compared to the humid, and water loss rates were 3.2‐fold higher for individuals that had experienced a recent precipitation event compared to individuals that had not. Acute humidity treatments did not affect CTmax, but precipitation indirectly affected CTmax through its effect on water loss rates. Contrary to our prediction, we found that CTmax was negatively associated with water loss rate, such that individuals with high water loss rate exhibited a lower CTmax. We then incorporated the observed variation of CTmax into a mechanistic niche model that coupled leaf and click beetle temperatures to predict climate vulnerability. The simulations indicated that indices of climate vulnerability can be sensitive to the effects of water loss physiology on thermal tolerances; moreover, exposure to temperatures above subcritical thermal thresholds is expected to increase by as much as 3.3‐fold under future warming scenarios. The correlation between water loss rate and CTmax identifies the need to study thermal tolerances from a “whole‐organism” perspective that considers relationships between physiological traits, and the population‐level variation in CTmax driven by water loss rate complicates using this metric as a straightforward proxy of climate vulnerability.
Effects of professional toothbrushing among patients with gingivitis
Authors: Noh Mi‐kyoung , Kim Eun‐Kyong , Sakong Joon , Park Eun Young 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the biological and clinical effect of professional toothbrushing on the periodontal health of patients with gingivitis.MethodsWe enrolled 21 university students with gingivitis in Jinju City in this study between April 24 and October 28, 2014. A dental hygienist performed a professional toothbrushing routine on the participants twice, once at baseline and after 3 months. Oral examinations were performed at baseline, 3, and 6 months to assess the periodontal health. The patient hygiene performance index, gingival bleeding rate, periodontal pocket depth, amount of gingival sulcus fluid, and number of bacterial colonies in the gingival sulcus (CFU/mL) were evaluated during the oral examination.ResultsThe patient hygiene performance index, gingival bleeding rate, pocket depth, amount of gingival sulcus fluid, and CFU/mL within the gingival sulcus significantly decreased after professional toothbrushing (p < 0.05), indicating an improvement in the periodontal health. The patient hygiene performance index, gingival bleeding rate, pocket depth, amount of gingival sulcus fluid, and CFU/mL within the gingival sulcus decreased more among those whose pocket depth was 4–5 mm than among those whose PD was ≤3 mm (p < 0.05).ConclusionsProfessional toothbrushing improved the periodontal health in patients with gingivitis in respect of both biological and clinical results.
Rational design of moldable calcium chloride ceramic‐like material with supramolecular structure
Authors: Chen Lingqing , Huang Xingyu , Zhong Yidan , Yan Ming , Tian Chaochao , Lu Hailong , Zhou Xiaofan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractCalcium chloride is widely used in various fields of society because of its good chemical stability and non‐toxic properties. As an inorganic salt with low ductility at low temperature, it is never used to prepare bulk materials but is usually used to prepare energy storage materials. The work in this paper presents the first synthesis of a moldable calcium chloride ceramic‐like material (flexural strength up to 32 MPa) using calcium chloride. The process results in occurring ion‐dipole interactions between calcium chloride and glycerol by means of direct heating and forms supramolecular structure. Due to the presence of dynamic and reversible non‐covalent bonds, the bonds break upon heating bringing good flowability; the re‐established bonds upon cooling allow the formation of rigid materials. The preparation is also a green and recyclable process, as the molded material can be reshaped by heating. Such a brilliant moldable property reveals the potential of this new approach for the design and production of calcium chloride materials with adjustable shapes.
Observing, ‘doing’ and ‘making’ gender in Dutch paediatric type 1 diabetes care, at home and in the clinic: Multiple‐stakeholder perspectives
Authors: Liu Yosheng , Verdonk Petra , de Wit Maartje , Nefs Giesje , Dedding Christine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the perspectives of Dutch care professionals, parents and experts by experience on gender dynamics in paediatric type 1 diabetes care.DesignQualitative research design.MethodsFifteen semi‐structured interviews were held with care professionals, supplemented by two focus groups with parents of children with diabetes (n = 12 parents) and three semi‐structured interviews with two experts by experience and a mother. Two respondent validation interviews were conducted, one with two care professionals and one with an expert by experience. Participant observations were conducted at three clinics, a diabetes sports day, weekend for young people and their families, and a high‐school. An inductive framework analysis was done, informed by relational theory on gender.ResultsCare professionals ‘did’ and ‘made’ gender differences together with young people, manifesting as communicative difficulties, in particular between female care professionals and young boys. Boys were considered less skilled in articulating their needs compared to girls. At home, care professionals and parents observed, ‘did’ and ‘made’ gender differences by perpetuating gendered divisions of labour. As traditional caretakers, mothers risk focusing excessively on the diabetes of their child whilst fathers remained more at a distance.ConclusionGender patterns have negative implications on those involved in paediatric type 1 diabetes. Leaving tacit the gendered communicative issues across child–parent and child‐care professional dyads, can sustain invisible friction in a care system that normatively expects verbal participation and increased self‐management.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareFindings may encourage care professionals and parents to engage with the potential impact of gender dynamics on diabetes practices. Incorporating these dynamics as conversational tools would contribute to improving type 1 diabetes care for young people.
Exploring the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), early adequate feeding and access to health care on urban–rural disparities of child malnutrition in China
Authors: Lin Junjie , Feng Xing Lin 
Published: June 2023

AbstractTo explore the effects of UNICEF‐suggested modifiable factors, that is, water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), early adequate feeding and health care on child malnutrition, and to examine the extent to which each factor contributes to urban–rural disparities of child malnutrition in China. Pooling two waves of regionally representative survey data from Jilin, China, in 2013 and 2018, we report on urban–rural relative risks (RRs) in the prevalence of child stunting, wasting and overweight. We employ Poisson regression to examine the effects of urban–rural setting and the three modifiable factors on the prevalence of each malnutrition outcome, that is, stunting, wasting and overweight. We perform mediation analyses to estimate the extent to which each modifiable factor could explain the urban–rural disparities in each malnutrition outcome. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight were 10.9%, 6.3% and 24.7% in urban, and 27.9%, 8.2% and 35.9% in rural Jilin, respectively. The rural to urban crude RR was 2.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.92–3.39) for stunting, while the corresponding RRs for wasting and overweight were 1.31 (95% CI: 0.84–2.03) and 1.45 (95% CI: 1.20–1.76), respectively. The rural to urban RR for stunting reduced to 2.01 (95% CI: 1.44–2.79) after adjusting for WASH. The mediation analyses show that WASH could mediate 23.96% (95% CI: 4.34–43.58%) of the urban–rural disparities for stunting, while early adequate feeding and health care had no effects. To close the persistent urban–rural gap in child malnutrition, the specific context of rural China suggests that a multi‐sectoral approach is warranted that focuses on the sanitation environment and other wider social determinants of health.
Multiple segment spectacle lenses for myopia control. Part 1: Optics
Authors: Radhakrishnan Hema , Lam Carly Siu Yin , Charman W. Neil 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPurposeTo understand and compare the optics of two multiple segment (MS) spectacle lenses (Hoya MiyoSmart and Essilor Stellest) designed to inhibit myopia progression in children.MethodsThe optics of the two designs are presented, together with geometrical optics‐based calculations to understand the impact of the lenses on the optics of the eye. Lenses were evaluated with three techniques: surface images, Twyman–Green interferometry and focimetry. The carrier lens powers and the spatial distribution, powers and forms of the lenslets were measured.ResultsMS lenses as manufactured were found to match most of the design specifications provided by their manufacturers, although some apparent small discrepancies were found. The focimeter‐measured power of the lenslets was approximately +3.50 D for the MiyoSmart and +4.00 D for the highly aspheric lenslets of the Stellest design. For both lens designs, image contrast would be expected to become modestly reduced in the focal planes of the distance‐correcting carrier lenses. Images become much more degraded in the combined carrier‐lenslet focal plane, due to the generation of multiple laterally displaced images formed by adjacent lenslets within the effective pupil. The exact effects observed depended on the effective pupil size and its location with respect to the lenslets, as well as the power and arrangement of the lenslets.ConclusionWearing either of these lenses will produce broadly similar effects on retinal imagery.
Outcomes of adjunct posterior wall isolation in atrial fibrillation patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices
Authors: Aryana Arash , Thiemann Anna M. , Pujara Deep K. , Cossette Laura L. , Allen Shelley L. , Vierra Eleanor C. , Bowers Mark R. , Gandhavadi Maheer , Heath Russell , Trivedi Amar D. , O'Neill Padraig Gearoid , Ellis Ethan R. , d'Avila André 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) remains the cornerstone of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), several studies have illustrated clinical benefits associated with PVI with posterior wall isolation (PWI).MethodsThis retrospective study investigated the outcomes of PVI alone versus PVI+PWI performed using the cryoballoon in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) and paroxysmal AF (PAF) or persistent AF (PersAF).ResultsAcute PVI was achieved in all patients using cryoballoon ablation. Compared to PVI alone, PVI+PWI was associated with longer cryoablation, fluoroscopy, and total procedure times. Adjunct radiofrequency was required to complete PWI in 29/77 patients (37.7%). Adverse events were similar with PVI alone versus PVI+PWI. But at 24 ± 7 months of follow‐up, not only cryoballoon PVI+PWI was associated with improved freedom from recurrent AF (74.3% vs. 46.0%, P = .007) and all atrial tachyarrhythmias (71.4% vs. 38.1%, P = .001) in patients with PersAF, cryoballoon PVI+PWI also yielded greater freedom from AF (88.1% vs. 63.7%, P = .003) and all atrial tachyarrhythmias (83.3% vs. 60.8%, P = .008) in those with PAF. Additionally, PVI+PWI was associated with higher reductions in atrial tachyarrhythmia burden (97.9% vs. 91.6%, P < .001), need for cardioversion (5.2% vs. 23.6%, P < .001) and repeat catheter ablation (10.4% vs. 26.1%, P = .005), and a longer time‐to‐arrhythmia recurrence (16 ± 6 months vs. 8 ± 5 months, P < .001) in both PersAF and PAF patients.ConclusionIn CIED patients with PersAF or PAF, cryoballoon PVI+PWI is associated with a greater freedom from recurrent AF and atrial tachyarrhythmias, as compared to PVI alone during long‐term follow‐up.
Putting the constructive ambiguity of climate change loss and damage into practice: The early work of the UNFCCC WIM ExCom
Authors: Vanhala Lisa 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe establishment within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of the Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage associated with Climate Change Impacts (L&D) resulted from a loose consensus that emerged based on a constructively ambiguous understanding of what climate change loss and damage is and how to best address this policy problem. Different actors have understood and advocated for divergent conceptualizations of L&D: some frame it through the lens of risk and see comprehensive disaster risk management strategies, insurance schemes and post hoc humanitarian approaches as most appropriate. Others understand it through the lens of climate justice, emphasizing the harms that arise because of climate change losses and damages and advocate for compensation as an appropriate policy response. How does this ambiguity embedded within the climate regime translate into practice during the implementation stage? This research shows that ideational contestation over L&D has specific implications for institutional development, including: (i) the composition and expertise of the governing Executive Committee (ExCom); and (ii) the practices of agenda‐setting and the development of the ExCom's workplan. Drawing on multi‐sited ethnographic data and interviews with key stakeholders, this analysis identifies some of the ways in which constructive ambiguity can become embodied and institutionalized in L&D governance. It also points to a paradox in international climate governance—that the very ambiguity that allowed for the institutional embedding of L&D is also the driver of continued contestation, facilitates the re‐negotiating of issues already agreed and explains institutional delays in effectively grappling with the losses and damages that are already taking place.
Policy reinvention in diffusion: Evidence from municipal solid waste classification policy in China
Authors: Zhang Qingzhi , Luo Dan , Xie Aiwen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhile research on policy diffusion has gained significant interest among scholars worldwide, little attention has been given to policy reinvention in diffusion. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors and combination paths of policy reinvention in the Municipal Solid Waste Classification Policy (MSWCP). To achieve this, a theoretical framework encompassing internal factors, intergovernmental relations, and external influence has been constructed. Empirical analysis has been conducted on the MSWCP of 31 large‐ and medium‐sized cities in China using Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Through this analysis, several combination paths that prompted local governments to reinvent policies have been identified. Furthermore, the study has clarified the various roles of six conditions—financial resources, government attention, policy experience, peer competition, organizational learning, and social demand—in achieving policy reinvention. These findings are expected to provide new theoretical and practical insights into the field of policy reinvention research.
Being black and non‐citizen in South Africa: Intersecting race, white privilege and afrophobic violence in contemporary South Africa
Authors: Angu Pineteh 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPost‐apartheid South Africa is characterized by growing feelings of pain, anger and frustration amongst black communities triggered by pervasive social inequalities. This has given birth to a new form of political and social activism shaped by crude violence, vandalism, destruction, brutal killings of women and children as well as thuggery in different black communities. It has also led to an upsurge in violence particularly on Africans from other parts of the continent. In this article, I attempt to examine how racial politics and resilient white privilege intersect to trigger afrophobic violence in South Africa. I draw on existing literature on broad conceptions of race and xenophobia to make a set of assertions about racial valuations, the resilience of white supremacy and black on black violence. In the article, I argue that black South Africans' pain, anger and the performance of violence on African migrants are on one level a consequence of resilient structural racism and racial practices, which continue to marginalize, emasculate and dispossess blacks. These racial practices force black South Africans to look elsewhere to express their anger, pains and frustrations.
Age‐related decline in anti‐HBV antibodies in vaccinated kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Dadhania Darshana M. , Cravedi Paolo , Blumberg Emily , Stryniak Gabriel , Montez‐Rath Maria E. , Maltzman Jonathan S. 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is indicated for all end stage kidney disease patients, including all solid organ transplant candidates. Maintenance of adequate immunity is especially important for immunosuppressed solid organ recipients who are at increased risk for donor or community acquired HBV. The impact of age and immunosuppression on long‐term maintenance of HBV immunity postvaccination has not been fully investigated.MethodsWe performed a single‐center retrospective study of 96 kidney transplant recipients, transplanted between July 2012 and December 2020, who had Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels measured pretransplantation and 1‐year posttransplantation. We compared the change in HBsAb levels stratified by patient's age (<45, 45–60, and >60) and by whether or not the patient received lymphocyte depleting induction therapy.ResultsOur results demonstrate that HBsAb IgG levels vary by age group, decreased significantly at 1‐year posttransplant (p < .0001) and were significantly lower in the older cohort (p = .03). Among recipients who received rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin induction (rATG), the log HbsAb levels were significantly lower in the older age group (2.15 in age <45, 1.75 in age 45–60 and 1.47 in age >60, p = .01). Age group (p = .004), recipient HBcAb status (p = .002), and rATG (p = .048) were independently associated with >20% reduction in log HBsAb levels posttransplant.ConclusionSignificant declines in HBsAb levels occur postkidney transplantation, especially in older individuals, thus placing exposed older kidney transplant recipients at greater risk of HBV infection and associated complications.
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Performance Study of Photovoltaic/Thermal Collector System for Cold Production by Adsorption in a Mediterranean Climate: Foodstuffs Preservation
Authors: Nedjar Achraf , Chaker Abla , Absi Rafik , Lahmer Yousra , Bennacer Rachid 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This work presents a numerical study on the performance of a stand-alone adsorption cooling system based on the silica gel/water couple driven by hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collectors. This system is intended for the conservation of perishable agricultural products which require air-conditioned premises to preserve them. The weather conditions are those of North Africa (Algiers). Considering the above, this paper aims at analyzing the PVT-Adsorption system with energy storage to guarantee a stabilized production and increase the solar coverage. trnsys was used to simulate the system taking into account hourly series of irradiation and ambient temperature covering one year. The performance study reveals that the DualSun PVT hybrid collectors used provide optimal annual production and that the adsorption cooling system offers more reliable production during summer. The temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cooled enclosure balances supply and demand. The loss analysis of the storage device indicates that losses depend, on the one hand, on the interior/exterior temperature difference of the storage tank with more significant values during the summer season. On the other hand, the losses also depend on the volume of the storage tank which was optimized in order to limit the heat exchange with the surroundings.