bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Student Worksheets with Guided Inquiry Oriented on Reaction Rate Materials to Improve the Ability of Scientific Literacy of Pharmaceutical Vocational Students
Authors: Zahrah S. , Mitarlis M. 
Published: April 2023

This study intends to describe the feasibility of student worksheets with guided inquiry-oriented reaction rate materials to improve the ability of scientific literacy of pharmaceutical vocational students. Development research methods using 4D methods defining, designing, developing, and disseminating with limited only to the developing stage. The limited test was conducted on 22 students of class XI Pharmacy Vocational High School Bina Husada Pamekasan. Instruments in this study include study sheets, validation sheets, response questionnaires and observation sheets of learner activity, and pretest post-test sheets. The results showed that the feasibility of the student worksheet developed, which is suitable for use, includes the validity of the student worksheet in terms of aspects of content, presentation, language, and graphics, obtaining consecutive percentages of 78%, 78%, 90%, and 93% with valid / very valid categories. The practicality of the student worksheets developed is practically used by reviewing the results of student responses of 98% and the results of observation of student activities by 93% with very practical categories. The effectiveness of student worksheets developed effectively by looking after learning obtained a percentage of 100% with the complete category and an average N-gain score of 0.73 with a high category.
Patients With Cardiovascular Disease Revisiting Specialist Physicians via Remote Treatment: Interview Study of Experiences
Authors: Ek Charlott , Liljegren Per-Daniel , Edin-Liljegren Anette 
Published: April 2023

Background
Access to health care for an aging population with growing needs presents major challenges in northern Sweden’s sparsely populated regions. Few people, the lack of professionals, and long distances make it difficult to provide health care on equitable terms according to the Swedish legislation. Remote treatment (RT) using information and communication technology has been suggested to overcome these difficulties, and person-centered care (PCC) is a desired philosophy to improve the quality of health care. However, there is scarce knowledge about how patients experience RT meetings.

Objective
This study aimed to describe the experiences of patients with cardiovascular disease revisiting specialist physicians via RT guided by a PCC perspective in northern Sweden’s sparsely populated regions.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted based on interviews with 8 patients with cardiovascular disease revisiting their physician through RT, from a digital health room to a health care center or from a health care center to a hospital. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive content analysis. The results are discussed from a PCC perspective.

Results
The analysis resulted in 6 categories: good accessibility, safety with good relationships, proximity and distance with technology, habit and quality of the technology facilitating the meeting, cherishing personal integrity, and participation in own care. These categories were interpreted as the theme, participation and relationships are important for good and close care via RT.

Conclusions
The study shows that participation and relationships are important for good and close care via RT. To improve the quality of an RT meeting, PCC can be applied but needs to be extended to the digital domain—electronic PCC, especially the communication component, as it is the most salient difference from a face-to-face meeting. Important factors that should be considered before, during, and after the RT meeting have been identified.
A Comparative Study of Regulations of Nasal Products in the US and EU
Authors: Jaiswal Sandhya , Sharma Parshant , Qureshi Heena 
Published: April 2023

A study relating to the regulation for nasal products has been conducted for the current review. The analysis emphasized the significance of classifying nasal products. Nasal products are challenging to manufacture in India due to regulatory and logistical issues. In addition to the production guidelines established by the USFDA and EU, the study analyses the prospects for nasal products in the future. Some common policies held by the 2 major international agencies have been shown in this review.
The current evaluation focuses on how nasal product production should be done in conjunction with other product production and will examine the fundamental recommendations made by the USFDA and EU, as well as whether or not there is a specific category of recommendations for nasal products.
Conclusions
The article demonstrates the USFDA and EU guidelines, and it was found that there were not major differences between the guidelines of the two. Instead, there are only minor differences between the infrastructures of the two agencies related to nasal products.
Gender aspect of the participation of minors in criminal proceedings
Authors: Khmelevska N. 
Published: April 2023

The article analyzes statistical information for recent years regarding the commission of criminal offenses by minor girls and boys, the gender aspect of their participation in criminal proceedings, and the main differences. It was concluded that Ukraine does not pay due attention to the gender aspect of the participation of minors in criminal proceedings.
In science and practice don’t pay attention that the majority of girls who are arrested have unique challenges compared to boys. It is a good idea that programs for girls should be designed to take into account the unique situations of girls, as well as to address the special problems that girls face in a gendered society. Unfortunately, traditional rehabilitation strategies have largely been shaped by healthy assumptions about what young people, usually boys, need. Sometimes girls will benefit from these ideas, and sometimes they will not apply to girls' problems at all.
According to statistics of recent years, girls are less likely to be prosecuted for serious and especially serious crimes than boys. It is considered that scientists of foreign countries actively substantiate the difference between the participation of girls and boys in the field of juvenile justice. They found a gender difference in the behavior of minors. It turned out that boys were more likely to break the law, get arrested, participate in violent crimes, and sell drugs. Instead, girls were more often prosecuted for non-violent crimes.
Juvenile probation programs do not include a gender perspective, although it has been proven that juvenile girls and boys often have different problems that need to be addressed, and a one-size-fits-all approach may not always help. With this in mind, it is necessary to develop and implement probation programs separately for minor girls and for minor boys.
Optimization of captain’s safety management
Authors: Балобанов O. , Fedchun N. 
Published: April 2023

The article is devoted to the maritime safety issues in terms of captain’s management activity. Effective and safe management of captains can be achieved by identifying the importance of considering psychophysiological factors in the selection of seamen personnel, including captains, in conjunction with their managerial qualifications and high level of legal culture (knowledge and real willingness to strictly follow legal prescriptions and regulations), and by using a formal safety assessment method in relation to maritime crew management risks.
The authors made a conclusion that the causes of accidents are rooted in the conflict between two main components: subjective (behavior – managerial decision) and objective (vessel and situation), in fact, the captain's personality (or behavior) complies with the requirements of the situation or technical condition of the vessel.
Psychophysiological selection aims to identify abilities and qualities that appropriate professions, accompanied by significant neuropsychological strain, the severity of stressful situations, etc. It appeared that reaction disorder play a decisive role in one-third of all accidents, ergo, psychophysiological selection can reduce maritime casualties by 20-25%. In this respect, the application of the formal safety assessment method in combination with psychophysiological selection in the context of optimizing captain's safety management is proposed. The authors considered the professional selection of captains based on stable psychophysiological states and qualification while assessing the risks via formal safety assessment methodology as a dual basis of the maritime safety.
The functional dependence of maritime safety on the policy of the shipping companies is defined: a) risk assessment, which allows to connect legal norms of safety directly with actions of the captain as much as possible, based on modelling of a situation; b) personnel activity, carried out on the basis of professional and managerial abilities of captains and taking into account the psychophysiological states; c) the level of legal culture (knowledge and strict adherence to safety rules and regulations) of the captain, who operates within the commercial, social and safety sectors, based on the complex of legal rules and regulations governing these sectors.
Polychlorinated biphenyl serum levels in subjects with hepatocellular carcinoma as compared with the general population
Authors: Zani Claudia , Gelatti Umberto , Portolani Nazario , Bergonzi Roberto , Apostoli Pietro , Donato Francesco 
Published: April 2023

Background. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been recognized as human carcinogens and cause liver cancer in animal experimental studies. However, no study investigated their association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) so far. This study aimed to evaluate the serum PCB concentration in HCC patients and in healthy subjects of the general population living in Brescia, North Italy, a highly industrialized area with heavy PCB environmental pollution due to the presence of a PCB producing factory.
Methods. Lipid-adjusted PCB concentrations, computed as the sum of 24 congeners, were measured in the serum of 101 HCC patients and in 101 healthy subjects of the same age and gender.
Results. Hepatitis B and C virus infection and history of heavy alcohol intake were found, alone and combined, in 87% of HCC patients. No difference was found in PCB serum concentration of HCC patients with and without, and according to, the major risk factors for liver disease. No significant difference was observed in serum total PCB concentration between HCC patients (median: 1081; range: 287.0-3182.0 ng/g lipid) and healthy subjects (median: 1199.3; range: 225.7-22825 ng/g lipid). PCB congeners 118, 138, 153, 156, 180 and 194 were the only ones found over the detection limit in at least 30% of HCC patients. The serum level of PCB 118, but not that of other congeners, was higher in HCC patients than in healthy subjects.
Conclusion. These findings do not support the hypothesis that PCBs play an important role in HCC development, although a contribution by some specific congeners cannot be ruled out
Association of Smoking Cessation and Intentions to Quit: Role of Occupational Status, Health Professional’s Support, and Perceived Risk
Authors: Mannocci Alice , Semyonov Leda , Saulle Rosella , Skroza Nevena , Skroza Nevena , Potenza Concetta , Tolino Ersilia , Boccia Antonio , La Torre Giuseppe 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Cigarette smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Tobacco related mortality has promoted a massive effort to understand and enhance smoking cessation efforts. In this study, we examine the role of different factors on intentions to quit smoking.
Methods: Data is taken from Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2012. A total of 1745 national representative samples of U.S adults, meeting our research conditions, were included in this study.
Results: Multivariate statistical analysis methods were used which showed that employed participants were 6 times more likely to have intentions to quit than participants with other occupational statuses were. Participants who received support sometimes from health professionals were 9 times more likely to have intention to quit smoking as compared to those who never received support from health professionals. In addition, race (Hispanic), and age group (35-39 years) are significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking. Perceived personal risk of cancer, perceived compared risk of cancer, and family history of cancer were not significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that age, race, occupational status, and help from health professionals are viable intervention targets for smoking cessation interventions. As a key role can be played by health professionals in smoking cessation interventions, future work should evaluate the extent to which health professionals can play a role in smoking cessation intervention. Smokers should be encouraged to maintain smoke free environments in their homes and offices, by health care providers leading to the protection of non-smokers, lesser convenience for smoking, decreased cigarette consumption, and smoking cues over time.
Multivariate determinants of self-management in Health Care: assessing Health Empowerment Model by comparison between structural equation and graphical models approaches
Authors: Trentini Filippo , Malgaroli Matteo , Camerini Anne Linda , Di Serio Clelia , Schulz Peter 
Published: April 2023

Backgroung. In public health one debated issue is related to consequences of improper self-management in health care. Some theoretical models have been proposed in Health Communication theory which highlight how components such general literacy and specific knowledge of the disease might be very important for effective actions in healthcare system.
Methods. This paper aims at investigating the consistency of Health Empowerment Model by means of both graphical models approach, which is a “data driven” method and a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, which is instead “theory driven”, showing the different information pattern that can be revealed in a health care research context.
The analyzed dataset provides data on the relationship between the Health Empowerment Model constructs and the behavioral and health status in 263 chronic low back pain (cLBP) patients. We used the graphical models approach to evaluate the dependence structure in a “blind” way, thus learning the structure from the data.
Results. From the estimation results dependence structure confirms links design assumed in SEM approach directly from researchers, thus validating the hypotheses which generated the Health Empowerment Model constructs.
Conclusions. This models comparison helps in avoiding confirmation bias. In Structural Equation Modeling, we used SPSS AMOS 21 software. Graphical modeling algorithms were implemented in a R software environment.
Health Related Quality of Life norm data of the Italian general population: results using the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments
Authors: Scalone Luciana , Cortesi Paolo Angelo , Ciampichini Roberta , Cesana Giancarlo , Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni 
Published: April 2023

Background: Many studies have been conducted in Italy to assess Health-Related Quality-of-Life (HRQoL) in subjects with different diseases. However, no recent HRQoL population norm data were available to make comparisons with diseased populations. We assessed HRQoL norm data using the generic instrument EQ-5D in its standard version (EQ-5D-3L) and with the recently introduced version (EQ-5D-5L).
Methods: A survey was conducted on 6,800 individuals representative of the Lombardy general adult population for age, gender and geographical distribution. Each participant underwent a telephone interview with questions using the EQ-5D-3L and the EQ-5D-5L descriptive systems, the visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and socio-demographic data.
Results: participants were 48% male, aged on average 51.9 years. With the 3L version, men and women aged 18-35 years reporting a full health state were 71.3% and 56.5%, respectively, those aged >76 years decreased to 29.5% and 13.5%, respectively. The proportion of respondents reporting no problems decreased with the 5L version. The mean (standard deviation) of the EQ-VAS was 87.7(12.1) and 85.0(15.2) among men and women aged 18-35 years, and 68.0(20.6) and 64.4(23.2) in men and women aged >76 years. The mean (standard deviation) utility obtained from the 3L version ranged from 0.965(0.068) and 0.944(0.086) among men and women aged 18-35 years, to 0.880(0.123) and 0.829(0.137) in men and women aged >76 years. Similar results were obtained with the 5L version.
Conclusion: HRQoL norm data are now available from the Italian general adult population, to be used as a reference in clinical sector, economic evaluations and in policy setting.
Does the use of dietary supplements enhance athletes’ sport performances? A systematic review and a meta-analysis
Authors: De Meo Concetta , De Waure Chiara , De Meo Concetta , Terracciano Elisa , Di Nardo Francesco , Ricciardi Walter 
Published: April 2023

Background: The consumption of dietary supplements has increased in recent years.
Despite their widespread use, there is confusion about effects on sport performances.
The aim of this study was to investigate association between use of supplements and enhance of athletes’ sports performance.
Methods: A review and a meta-analysis of studies conducted on Dietary Supplements and Sports between 2003 and 2013 were performed. Enhancement on sport performances was considered as outcome. The following aspects related to enhancement were considered: ergogenic effect (EE), time to exhaustion (TTE), muscular endurance (ME), post-exercise recovery (PER) and body mass (BM). With respect to meta-analysis, data on level of post Exercise Glucose (GpE [mg/dL]) and level of post exercise Lactate (LpE [mmol/L]) were considered as indicators of TTE, PER and EE. Similarly, Change in Body Mass (CBM) [kg] was used as indicator of BM.
Results: The most investigated dietary supplements were: Creatine, Carbohydrates, Beta-alanine, Proteins. The qualitative analysis evaluating the effect of supplements on sports listed by the International Olympic Committee has achieved interesting results: supplements didn’t show statistically significant effects when compared to placebo in more than 48% of papers.
For the quantitative analysis, 15 studies were considered. The meta-analysis showed that there was no significant effect of Beta-alanine, Creatine and Carbohydrates on LpE and GpE. Furthermore, a non-significant increase in BM was observed in athletes undergoing Creatine compared to placebo.
Conclusion: Considering the increasing attention to this topic, it would be interesting to investigate the existing awareness about effectiveness and possible risks of supplements.
Assessment of the knowledge and attitudes of preliminary school students toward smoking in Baghdad
Authors: Abbas Jabbar Sahib , Husham J Abd Al-Badri 
Published: April 2023

Background: Early smoking considered as a major challenge for health promoters, as well it is socially not acceptable, thus interventions must tackle childhood starts of smoking.
Aim: Assessing the knowledge and attitude of preliminary students towards tobacco use.
Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 2195, 5th grade students from 30 preliminary schools in Baghdad (15 from each side Karkh & Rusafa) during November 2014. They were selected by multistage sampling technique.
Results: Participated students age ranged between (10-13) years and (51.9%) of them were girls, (54.3%) of their parents were nonsmoker while the rest reported that both or one of them are smokers, direct and indirect risks of cigarette smoking were known by (82.4%) and (66.2%) respectively, and (70.8%) of students’ families were found to wear their kids from smoking hazards, while more than (50%) of them have received health education massages from their teachers. Sitting near smoker person was not in favor of (86.2%) of the participants, as (51.4%) considered it religiously inconvenient and (34.6%) considered smoking as a sign of no self-confidence. At last, (73.7%) of the surveyed students agreed with smoking prohibition in public places while (25.8%) opposed that.
Conclusion: In spite of the high percentage of students’ parents were smokers; nevertheless, risks of smoking are well known by the surveyed students and they showed positive attitudes toward smoking prohibition in public places. Parental advising for quit smoking and urging teachers to educate their students about smoking hazards are thought to be the right action.
Parametric and nonparametric two-sample tests for feature screening in class comparison: a simulation study
Authors: Landoni Elena , Ambrogi Federico , Mariani Luigi , Miceli Rosalba 
Published: April 2023

Background. The identification of a location-, scale- and shape-sensitive test to detect differentially expressed features between two comparison groups represents a key point in high dimensional studies. The most commonly used tests refer to differences in location, but general distributional discrepancies might be important to reveal differential biological processes.
Methods. A simulation study was conducted to compare the performance of a set of two-sample tests, i.e. Student's t, Welch's t, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, Podgor-Gastwirth PG2, Cucconi, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS), Cramer-von Mises (CvM), Anderson-Darling (AD) and Zhang tests (ZK, ZC and ZA) which were investigated under different distributional patterns. We applied the same tests to a real data example.
Results. AD, CvM, ZA and ZC tests proved to be the most sensitive tests in mixture distribution patterns, while still maintaining a high power in normal distribution patterns. At best, the AD test showed a loss in power of ~ 2% in the comparison of two normal distributions, but a gain of ~ 32% with mixture distributions respect to the parametric tests. Accordingly, the AD test detected the greatest number of differentially expressed features in the real data application.
Conclusion. The tests for the general two-sample problem introduce a more general concept of 'differential expression', thus overcoming the limitations of the other tests restricted to specific moments of the feature distributions. In particular, the AD test should be considered as a powerful alternative to the parametric tests for feature screening in order to keep as many discriminative features as possible for the class prediction analysis.