bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Men’s Health in Northern Ireland: Why do we need a men’s health policy?
Authors: Early Erin , Devine Paula 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMales accounted for half the United Kingdom population in 2021 yet they fail to be prioritised in health and social policies. As examining the health of males and females collectively falls short in accounting for the complexities associated with gendered health outcomes, male health should be considered as a separate policy issue. The island of Ireland has two jurisdictions, the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland (NI); however, only the former has implemented a men’s health policy. As well as a policy vacuum within NI, few studies have comprehensively examined male health. To address this shortcoming, a narrative review of males’ physical and mental health trends in NI is presented to determine the need for a men’s health policy. A collation of secondary administrative data and survey data was conducted. The narrative review highlights the importance of utilising a holistic framework to understand men’s health. Key findings include high male suicide rates and young males being more likely to report certain mental health problems. The study concludes that a male health policy is needed. To achieve this, a Health Impact Pyramid was developed, and it illustrates practical steps that can be taken to support decision‐makers, service providers and individual males.
Adhesive small‐bowel obstruction as a challenging complication of familial Mediterranean fever: A case‐based review
Authors: Küçükali Batuhan , Gezgin Yıldırım Deniz , Esmeray Şenol Pelin , Yıldız Çisem , Karaçayır Nihal , Belder Nuran , Kutlar Tanıdır Merve , Azzam Abdurrahman , Kapısız Alparslan , Bakkaloğlu Sevcan A. , Söylemezoğlu H. Oğuz 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFamilial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is the most common inherited autoinflammatory disorder, characterized by recurrent and self‐limiting episodes of fever and serosal inflammation. Recurrent serositis may rarely lead to the formation of adhesions in the peritoneum, which may result in mechanical bowel obstruction. The symptoms, such as abdominal pain and vomiting, may mimic typical FMF attacks, resulting in misdiagnosis and severe morbidity, including strangulation and intestinal necrosis. Physicians are generally aware of other complications associated with FMF but reports on peritoneal adhesions and intestinal obstruction in English‐language literature are inadequate to increase clinicians' awareness. Therefore, it is crucial to meticulously evaluate FMF patients presenting with abdominal pain and ileus because these symptoms could be due to adhesive small‐bowel obstruction (ASBO). Furthermore, patients presenting with ASBO without a history of abdominal surgery should also be thoroughly evaluated, especially as it could be an initial presentation for an autoinflammatory disease. Herein, we present a pediatric case of FMF with the M694V homozygous mutation, complicated by ASBO while under colchicine treatment. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive review of the available literature on ASBO in FMF.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and increasing autoimmune disorders among ICU‐hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Mosavat Arman , Mirhosseini Ali , Shariati Alireza , Mohareri Mehran , Valizadeh Narges , Mohammadi Fatemeh Sadat , Shamsian Seyed Ali Akbar , Jafari Rad Mozhdeh , Rezaee Seyed Abdolrahim 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionIn acute conditions, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes multi‐organ damage due to the induction of inappropriate immune responses, particularly lung tissue fibrosis. To evaluate the consequence of the deterioration of the immune system, autoimmune markers were assessed.MethodsIn a case–control study, 108 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 158 outpatients with mild clinical symptoms, with SARS‐CoV‐2 reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) positive tests, were included for comparison. The demographic and hematologic variables and presence of the main autoantibodies in sera of 40 eligible ICU‐hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and 40 COVID‐19 outpatients were assessed. Out of 108 COVID‐19 ICU‐hospitalized patients, 40 were selected as the control group (40/158) who had no underlying diseases before hospitalization, according to their self‐declaration and clinical records at the time of admission.ResultsThe results demonstrated that the main complete blood count indices, such as red blood cells and platelets, decreased dramatically in ICU‐hospitalized patients. Furthermore, the autoantibody profiles were positive in 45% and 15% of ICU‐admitted patients for antinuclear antibodies and antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies, respectively. In ICU patients, anti‐PM/Scl 100 or AMA‐M2 was 33%. Anti SS‐A, anti‐SS‐B, anti‐Ro‐52, and anti‐Jo‐1 in 11.5% for each one were reactive. Other autoantibodies of the ICU group were as follows: CENP (5.6%), Rib‐protein (5.6%), and nucleosome (5.6%). However, only two individuals in the control group had positive results for SS‐A and SS‐B (5%).ConclusionInduction of such particular autoantibodies by the virus can justify the multi‐organ involvement and severity of the disease in ICU patients, which may also cause other organ involvement in the long term.
Learning Losses of Undergraduate Students in South Asia during COVID‐19 and its Determinants*
Authors: Mumtahena Farzin , Sen Kaustav , Sayyed Mahnoor Imran , Wijayawardhana Pasan , Zafari Roya , Kafle Shrijya 
Published: August 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic has brought about significant changes to the the learning process, prompted by the shift away from traditional physical classrooms to virtual ones. With unequal access to remote learning technologies, there are concerns regarding undergraduate students' academic progress. A primary survey was conducted to create a composite learning score to quantify learning losses. A significantly higher learning loss is visible among students belonging to families facing income losses during the pandemic, and public university students. We find that compared to India, students of Bangladesh and Pakistan are affected more severely in terms of learning losses. The article also measures the extent of psychological distress and academic demotivation related to online learning. We find that the same groups of students face higher psychological distress and academic demotivation.
Strategies to reduce morbidity following pleurectomy and decortication for malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Bou‐Samra Patrick , Chang Austin , Zhang Kevin , Azari Feredun , Kennedy Gregory , Guo Emily , Hwang Wei‐Ting , Singhal Sunil 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPleurectomy and decortication (PD) in malignant pleural mesothelioma has a high morbidity mostly associated with aspiration pneumonia (PNA), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and foreign catheter sepsis. We instituted four strategies to reduce these complications and report our experience.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of patients who underwent PD at the University of Pennsylvania between 2015 and 2022. Our patients underwent standard of care PD in addition to tracheostomy and gastrostomy/jejunostomy tube with therapeutic anticoagulation (AC) leading up to surgery. Measured outcomes were postoperative PNA, DVT, and sepsis. The predicted risk of those same outcomes had patients not undergone the interventions was calculated based on the American College of Surgeons (ACS) surgical risk calculator (SRC). A McNemar's test was used to determine whether the risk of having PNA, DVT and sepsis differed between the two subgroups.ResultsFifty‐five patients were included in the study. The mean age was 70 years (SD 6.2) with a mean of 21 (SD 19) pack‐years of smoking. PNA, DVT, and catheter‐related sepsis occurred in 12, four, and seven patients, respectively. Upon using the ACS SRC prediction model of the nonintervention group, PNA, DVT and catheter related sepsis was predicted to occur in 24 (paired data OR 5, 95% CI: 1.4–17.2; McNemar's test p = 0.008), 14 (paired data OR 3.5, 95% CI: 1.15–10.6; McNemar's test p = 0.03), and 17 (paired OR 3, 95% CI: 1.09–8.3; McNemar's test p = 0.04) patients, respectively.DiscussionPatients undergoing tracheostomy creation, therapeutic AC at the time of diagnosis, and gastrostomy tube placement had a reduced risk of aspiration PNA, DVT, and catheter sepsis.
Dynamics of land use land cover change in an East African inland valley wetland
Authors: Gimbo Rebecca , Mukundi John Bosco , Mburu David Mwehia , Balirwa John Stephen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe dynamics of inland valley wetlands landuse landcover (LULC) changes are of ecological and economical significance hence necessitating up‐to‐date datasets of resource status. Nalwekomba inland valley wetland is highly agriculturally utilised yet ecologically important wetland threatened with conversion. Historical LULC data sets as bench marks justifying wetland conservation are lacking. Therefore, the spatial–temporal LULC changes in Nalwekomba inland valley wetland were analysed through a combination of remote sensing and GIS, using satellite images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 as reference years. Results revealed variable dominance of grassland and tree cover for the wetland and its catchment over the years; 32.7% and 35.3% and 30.9% and 29.8%, respectively, for 1990 and 41.4% and 30.4% and 26.3% and 29.1% for 2020. The 30‐year analysis revealed increasing area‐shifts for cropland and built‐up/settlement of 265.7% and 76.2%, respectively, reducing cover for shrubland by 78.31% in the wetland. Similar trend emerged for its catchment. Highest net cover gains and losses identified between 1990 and 2000 were for cropland and tree cover respectively. The observed trend points to the need for landuse planning and landcover management to enhance ecosystems' resilience to support sustainable livelihoods dependent on this ecosystem.
Characteristics and outcomes of respiratory distress among term infants born in a regional setting
Authors: Scullin Madeleine , Carmo Kathryn Browning , Haggie Stuart 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionRespiratory distress is the leading cause of admission to neonatal units and is a common indication for medical retrieval. Whilst approximately 25% of births in NSW occur in regional centres, there is a paucity of neonatal research in these settings.ObjectiveTo describe the characteristics and outcomes of term neonates admitted with respiratory distress to two regional special care nurseries (SCNs) and identify variables associated with the need for medical retrieval.DesignWe describe a cohort of 629 term infants admitted to the SCN in two regional hospitals, 2015–2019. We describe the admission characteristics, level of respiratory support, biochemical investigations, diagnosis and outcomes.FindingsDuring the study period, 629 eligible term infants were admitted, retrieval occurred in 29 (4.6%). Those admitted were more often male (66.5%), with a mean gestational age of 39 + 1 weeks (±9 days) and birth weight of 3470 g (±500 g). Infants requiring medical retrieval had higher PaCO2 on blood gas analysis (59.8 mmHg vs. 53.3 mmHg, OR 1.03, p = 0.02). There was no association between maternal GBS status, meconium‐stained liquor, gestational age, or raised inflammatory markers and medical retrieval. Transient tachypnoea of the newborn was the most common diagnosis of neonates admitted to SCN with respiratory distress.DiscussionAmong term infants admitted to a SCN for respiratory distress most were male, of a normal birthweight and born in good condition. Within our cohort there was no association between retrieval and maternal GBS colonisation, meconium‐stained liquor or raised infectious biomarkers. Medical retrieval was infrequent and was associated with higher PaCO2 on initial blood gas analysis.ConclusionWe present a large cohort of term newborn infants managed for respiratory distress in a regional setting over a five‐year period. Retrieval was infrequent, and outcomes for the cohort were excellent with no deaths during the study period.
Intrapatient comparison of atopic dermatitis skin transcriptome shows differences between tape‐strips and biopsies
Authors: Del Duca Ester , He Helen , Liu Ying , Pagan Angel D. , David Eden , Cheng Julia , Carroll Britta , Renert‐Yuval Yael , Bar Jonathan , Estrada Yeriel D. , Maari Catherine , Proulx Etienne Saint‐Cyr , Krueger James G. , Bissonnette Robert , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundOur knowledge of etiopathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is largely derived from skin biopsies, which are associated with pain, scarring and infection. In contrast, tape‐stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring technique to collect skin samples.MethodsTo construct a global AD skin transcriptomic profile comparing tape‐strips to whole‐skin biopsies, we performed RNA‐seq on tape‐strips and biopsies taken from the lesional skin of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD patients and the skin of 20 controls. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined by fold‐change (FCH) ≥2.0 and false discovery rate <0.05.ResultsWe detected 4104 (2513 Up; 1591 Down) and 1273 (546 Up; 727 Down) DEGs in AD versus controls, in tape‐strips and biopsies, respectively. Although both techniques captured dysregulation of key immune genes, tape‐strips showed higher FCHs for innate immunity (IL‐1B, IL‐8), dendritic cell (ITGAX/CD11C, FCER1A), Th2 (IL‐13, CCL17, TNFRSF4/OX40), and Th17 (CCL20, CXCL1) products, while biopsies showed higher upregulation of Th22 associated genes (IL‐22, S100As) and dermal cytokines (IFN‐γ, CCL26). Itch‐related genes (IL‐31, TRPV3) were preferentially captured by tape‐strips. Epidermal barrier abnormalities were detected in both techniques, with terminal differentiation defects (FLG2, PSORS1C2) better represented by tape‐strips and epidermal hyperplasia changes (KRT16, MKI67) better detected by biopsies.ConclusionsTape‐strips and biopsies capture overlapping but distinct features of the AD molecular signature, suggesting their respective utility for monitoring specific AD‐related immune, itch, and barrier abnormalities in clinical trials and longitudinal studies.
Ophthalmic symptoms, clinical signs and diagnostic delay in infants diagnosed with brain tumours in Denmark between 2007 and 2017
Authors: Turanzas Nathali J. , Mathiasen René , Heegaard Steffen , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Sehested Astrid , Holtz Jeppe K. , Siersma Volkert , Nissen Kamilla R. , von Holstein Sarah L. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeTo investigate ophthalmic onset manifestations and the impact of diagnostic delay on the prognosis in infants (<1 year) diagnosed with a brain tumour.MethodsA retrospective population‐based nationwide study of infants diagnosed with a brain tumour between 2007 and 2017 in Denmark. Data was retrieved from the Danish Childhood Cancer Registry, the National Danish Health registries, and medical files. Primary outcome measures included symptoms, clinical findings, time to diagnosis and survival.ResultsThirty‐seven infants were diagnosed with a brain tumour in Denmark between 2007 and 2017. In total, 19/37 infants (51%, 95% CI: 34–68) had ophthalmic manifestations at any time prior to or at diagnosis; and in 6/37 (16%, 95% CI: 6–32) ophthalmic manifestations were the initial symptom. The most common ophthalmic manifestations were strabismus (n = 7), sunset eyes (n = 6), nystagmus (n = 4), reduced pupillary light reflex (n = 4), and/or decreased vision (n = 4). The median number of symptoms per infant at the time of diagnosis was three (range 0–9). The median diagnostic delay was 26 days (range 0–283, IQR: 6;90). 5‐year survival rate was 75% (95% CI: 61–90) and all children with diagnostic delay > 100 days (n = 9, 24%) were still alive at the end of follow‐up (median 6.3 years, range 2.2–10.2).ConclusionWe provide an overview of symptoms and clinical signs in a nation‐wide series of infants with CNS tumours and demonstrate that ophthalmic manifestations are frequently observed in infants prior to diagnosis, but, often in combination with other clinical signs. The diagnostic delay was substantial for a large part of the infants, but this was not associated with increased mortality.
HTLV‐1 and blood donation
Authors: Murphy Edward L. 
Published: August 2023

Human T‐cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is a human retrovirus that causes adult T‐cell lymphoma and HTLV‐associated myelopathy. In this issue, Rosadas et al. use data from a recent WHO report to describe how blood banks test for HTLV‐1 and how this testing contributes to public health surveillance for the virus.Commentary on: Rosadas et al. HTLV‐1 screening of blood donations: we are systematically missing opportunities. Br J Haematol 2023;202:1220–1223.
The child's place in the foster family: Use of conventional names and adoption intentions throughout childhood
Authors: Kaiser Sabine , Mabille Geraldine , Thørnblad Renee , Skoglund Jeanette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis longitudinal study examines the child's place in the foster family through the use of conventional names for familial figures (e.g., ‘mum/dad’) and through the foster parents' intention to adopt the child. Data were collected at two time points during childhood and adolescence, among children placed in kinship and non‐kinship foster care in Norway. Children placed at a younger age and children in non‐kinship foster care were more likely to call their foster parents for ‘mum/dad’. Children placed at an older age and children in non‐kinship care were more often presented as ‘foster child’ by their foster parents. Only 25%–34% of foster parents reported having considered adoption. The most common reason for not considering adoption was that they already deemed to be a family. The use of conventional names for familial figures in foster families might not necessarily reflect the child's integration into a foster family as it seems to be related to the age of the child at placement rather than to the duration of placement. Intention to adopt was relatively low, mostly because foster parents considered adoption as not necessary.
Effect of internal connection type and screw channel angle on the screw stability of anterior implant‐supported zirconia crowns
Authors: Çakmak Gülce , Güven Mehmet Esad , Donmez Mustafa Borga , Kahveci Çiğdem , Schimmel Martin , Abou‐Ayash Samir , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of implant–abutment connection and screw channel angle on screw stability by comparing a newly introduced and an established connection, before and after cyclic loading.Materials and MethodsImplants (N = 44) with Torcfit (TF) or Crossfit (CF) connection were divided to be restored with a straight (CFS and TFS) or an angled screw access channel (CFA and TFA) titanium‐base abutment (n = 11). CFA and TFA received screw‐retained crowns, whereas CFS and TFS received hybrid zirconia abutments and cement‐retained crowns. The initial torque value (ITV) of each complex (ITVI) and removal torque value (RTV) after 24 h (RTVI) were measured. Screws were replaced with new ones, ITVs were recorded again (ITVF), and crowns were cyclically loaded (2.4 million cycles, 98 N) to measure RTVs again (RTVF). Percentage torque loss was calculated. Data were analyzed (α = 0.05).ResultsITVs were similar among groups (p ≥ .089). CF led to higher RTVs (p ≤ .002), while CFS had higher RTVI than CFA (p = .023). After 24 h, CFS had lower percentage torque loss than TF, while CFA had lower percentage torque loss than TFA (p ≤ .011). After cyclic loading, CF led to lower percentage torque (p < .001).ConclusionThe implant–abutment connection affected the removal torque values. However, no screw loosening occurred during cyclic loading, which indicated a stable connection for all groups. Screw access channel angle did not affect screw stability after cyclic loading.
Personalized brain MRI revealed distinct functional and anatomical disruptions in Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Ren Jianxun , Cui Weigang , Dahmani Louisa , Wang Danhong , Fu Xiaoxuan , Li Meiling , Li Shiyi , Zhang Yi , Lin Xue , Zhen Zhen , Xu Yichen , Xie Dan , Guan Hongzhi , Yi Fang , Wang Jiawei , Shi Qi , Liu Hesheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsCreutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder, which leads to a rapidly progressive dementia. This study aimed to examine the cortical alterations in CJD, changes in these brain characteristics over time, and the differences between CJD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) that show similar clinical manifestations.MethodsTo obtain reliable, subject‐specific functional measures, we acquired 24 min of resting‐state fMRI data from each subject. We applied an individual‐based approach to characterize the functional brain organization of 10 patients with CJD, 8 matched patients with AD, and 8 normal controls. We measured cortical atrophy as well as disruption in resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) and then investigated longitudinal brain changes in a subset of CJD patients.ResultsCJD was associated with widespread cortical thinning and weakened rsFC. Compared with AD, CJD showed distinct atrophy patterns and greater disruptions in rsFC. Moreover, the longitudinal data demonstrated that the progressive cortical thinning and disruption in rsFC mainly affected the association rather than the primary cortex in CJD.ConclusionsCJD shows unique anatomical and functional disruptions in the cerebral cortex, distinct from AD. Rapid progression of CJD affects both the cortical thickness and rsFC in the association cortex.
The use of non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce body weight and food cravings: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alhindi Yousef Abdullah , Khalifa Najat , Al‐Khyatt Waleed , Idris Iskandar 
Published: August 2023

SummarySeveral studies demonstrated non‐invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are safe and simple techniques that can reduce body weight, food cravings, and food consumption in patients with obesity. However, a systematic to evaluate the efficacy of active NIBS versus sham stimulation in reducing body weight and food cravings in patients with obesity is not available. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Trial between January 1990 and February 2022. Mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcome variables with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to examine the effects of NIBS on body weight and body mass index (BMI), whereas the hedges's g test was used to measure the effects on food craving. Nineteen RCTs involving 571 participants were included in this study. Active neurostimulation (TMS and tDCS) was significantly more likely than sham stimulation to reduce body weight (TMS: −3.29 kg, 95% CI [−5.32, −1.26]; I2 = 48%; p < .001; tDCS: −0.82 kg, 95% CI [−1.01, −0.62]; I2 = 0.0%; p = .00) and BMI (TMS: −0.74, 95% CI [−1.17, −0.31]; I2 = 0% p = .00; tDCS: MD = −0.55, 95% CI [−2.32, 1.21]; I2 = 0% p = .54) as well as food cravings (TMS: g = −0.91, 95% CI [−1.68, −0.14]; I2 = 88 p = .00; tDCS: g = −0.32, 95% CI [−0.62, −0.02]; p = .04). Compared with sham stimulation, our findings indicate that active NIBS can significantly help to reduce body weight and food cravings. Hence, these novel techniques may be used as primary or adjunct tools in treating patients with obesity.