bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent results from the HAWC experiment
Authors: Tibolla Omar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory is a wide field of view experiment comprised of an array of 300 water Cherenkov detectors to study transient and steady emission of TeV gamma rays. HAWC can detect gamma rays up to very high energies of several hundreds TeV. HAWC also plays a significant role as a survey instrument, since it can continuously observe 2/3 of the sky every 24 hours. Hence, many new TeV gamma-ray emitters are detected and known TeV gamma-ray sources can be studied in more detail and up to higher energies with HAWC. Some highlights of the first seven years of operation of the full array are presented, with particular emphasis to the most recent results.
Science with the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Authors: Serini Davide 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope started its science operations in August 2008. The Large Area Telescope (LAT) is the main instrument onboard Fermi. It is an imaging, wide field-of-view pair conversion telescope able to detect photons in the energy range from about 20 MeV up to the TeV region and it is still in excellent operating conditions after 14 years of observation. The Fermi-LAT is providing an increasingly detailed portrait of the Universe’s most extraordinary phenomena and plays a crucial role in the era of multi-messenger astrophysics. A selection of the most relevant scientific results obtained by the Fermi LAT telescope and some implications from indirect searches for dark matter will be presented.
The prototype Schwarzschild Couder Telescope: a Medium-Sized Telescope for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Authors: Pantaleo Francesca Romana 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Schwarzschild Couder Telescope (SCT) is a dual mirror Medium-Sized telescope proposed for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), the next-generation very-high energy (from about 20 GeV to 300 TeV) gamma-rays observatory. The SCT design consists of a dual-mirror optics and a high-resolution camera with a field of view (FoV) of 8°, which will allow exceptional performance in terms of angular resolution and background rejection. A prototype telescope (pSCT) has been installed and is operating at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO) in Arizona, USA. Its camera is partially equipped with silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) matrices and covers a FoV of 2.7°. The pSCT has recently successfully detected the Crab Nebula with a statistical significance of 8.6 standard deviations. The upgrade of the pSCT focal plane is now ongoing, aimed to equip the full camera with upgraded sensors and electronics, enhancing the telescope field of view from the current 2.7° to the final 8°. An overview of the pSCT project and obtained results will be given, together with the camera upgrade status and expected performance.
Very high energy sky monitoring with the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory
Authors: La Mura G , Barres de Almeida U , Longo F 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is the proposal for a new ground-based γ-ray instrument in the Southern Hemisphere, which will use an array of water-Cherenkov based particle detectors to provide continuous monitoring and regular scanning of a large portion of the sky at the very- and ultra-high-energies (VHE and UHE, respectively). At the low energy side, SWGO aims to push the observational range of wide-field ground-based γ-ray facilities down to a few hundred GeV, thus bridging the gap between space and ground-based facilities in the monitoring of the VHE sky. In the high energy domain, on the contrary, it will benefit from the optimal coverage of the Galactic Plane to map the distribution of UHE sources in the inner parts of the Galactic disk and close to the Galactic Center, leading to an extraordinary improvement in our ability to identify their most likely counterparts. In this contribution, we describe the concept of SWGO and its potential to constrain the physics of VHE emission and particle acceleration in γ-ray sources powered by relativistic jets and energetic shocks. We finally discuss its role within the global network of multi-messenger facilities.
Surveying the MeV gamma-ray sky with AMEGO-X
Authors: Fleischhack Henrike 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Recent detections of gravitational wave signals and neutrinos from gamma-ray sources have ushered in the era of multi-messenger astronomy, while highlighting the importance of gamma-ray observations for this emerging field. AMEGO-X, the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-Ray Observatory eXplorer, is an MeV gamma-ray instrument proposed to the 2021 call for medium-sized explorer missions. AMEGO-X will survey the sky in the energy range from 100 keV to 1 GeV with unprecedented sensitivity, as well as detecting and localizing transient events such as gamma-ray bursts and magnetar activity down to 25 keV. AMEGO-X will detect gamma-ray photons both via Compton interactions and pair production processes, bridging the “sensitivity gap” between hard X-rays and high-energy gamma rays. AMEGO-X will provide important contributions to multi-messenger science and time-domain gamma-ray astronomy, studying e.g. high-redshift blazars, which are probable sources of astrophysical neutrinos, and gamma-ray bursts. I will present an overview of the instrument and anticipated science program.
Overview of the results from the ANTARES neutrino telescope
Authors: Fusco Luigi Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The ANTARES neutrino telescope took high-quality data for over 15 years, starting in 2007 and ending its operations in 2022. During this period, it was the most sensitive detector for cosmic neutrino fluxes from the Southern Sky below 100 TeV, where significant neutrino emissions induced by galactic cosmic rays are expected. In addition, it showed the great potential of under-water neutrino telescopes in various searches involving atmospheric neutrinos and neutrinos from dark matter annihilation and/or decays. This contribution provides an overview of the results achieved over these 15 years and an outlook concerning what is still to come once the analysis of its data will be finalised.
Supernova’s neutrino detection at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory
Authors: Lombardo C. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) will be the largest ever built liquid scintillator detector for neutrino physics. JUNO is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector, equipped with 20012 large PMTs and 25600 small PMTs. It will be sensitive to various neutrino sources and will give a unique contribution to the observation of the all-flavor neutrino flux from a Galactic core collapse supernova (CCSN). JUNO can detects neutrinos emitted by the next CCSN neutrinos through several interactions, among which inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton can providing information of energy spectra of all flavors. Furthermore, JUNO will be able to provide an alert during the pre-SN phase. In this manuscript, the observatory detectors and its capability to detect CCSN neutrinos will be presented.
Characterisation of an improved 3” Hamamatsu photomultiplier for the KM3NeT Neutrino Telescope
Authors: Simonelli Andreino , Mollo Carlos M. , Migliozzi Pasquale 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Hamamatsu R14374-02 3-inch photomultiplier tube is an improved version of the previous R12199-02 model. It will be used for the completion of the KM3NeT neutrino telescope. Five hundred photomultipliers have been characterized for dark count rate, timing spread, and spurious pulses. The quantum efficiency, the gain and the peak-to-valley ratio have also been measured for a sub-sample of two hundred PMTs in order to determine parameter values needed as input to numerical simulations of the detector.
The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network: a Summary
Authors: Ayala Solares Hugo A. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON) aims to connect the world’s leading high-energy and multimessenger observatories. AMON’s objective are to evoke the discovery of new multimessenger phenomena, exploit these phenomena as tools for fundamental physics and astrophysics, and explore archival datasets in search of multimessenger activity. Present projects include distributing low-latency multimessenger alerts from the Neutrino-Electromagnetic (NuEM) channel, as well as distrubting alerts from individual detectors including IceCube and HAWC. Looking ahead, AMON will continue providing useful real-time analyses of a wide variety of high-energy and multimessenger data streams, including coincidences between gravitational-wave data and gamma-ray data. It will also start using the SCiMMA-standard cyberinfrastructure, and keep strengthening its ties with the theoretical and time domain astrophysics communities.
Multi-messenger implications of the Pierre Auger Observatory measurements
Authors: Novotný Vladimír 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Pierre Auger Observatory is not only the world’s largest cosmic-ray observatory, but also an efficient detector of cosmic particles other than nuclei. Using its enormous exposure, the Observatory is a competitive player in searches for ultra-high energy neutrinos, photons, and even particles that could be predicted by theories beyond the standard model of particle physics. We present our recent results of such searches, targeting both the diffuse fluxes of particles and specific transient events. Special attention is given to the potential of the Observatory to support or constrain the observations of the ANITA experiment interpreted as upward-going air showers. The search for correlations of arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array with high-energy neutrinos detected by IceCube and ANTARES experiments is also discussed.
Gamma Rays and Neutrinos from the Galactic Plane at the PeV frontier
Authors: Luque Pedro De La Torre , Gaggero Daniele , Grasso Dario , Marinelli Antonio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Tibet ASγ experiment recently reported the observation of a diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic plane with energy up to the PeV. This finding seems to be confirmed by LHAASO preliminary results. Both measurements provide the first evidence of a diffuse gamma-ray emission throughout the Galaxy up to such high energies. These results have relevant implications for neutrino astronomy since they strengthen the expectation that a neutrino diffuse emission from the Galactic plane could soon be discovered by IceCube and KM3NeT. To explore this possibility we use physically motivated numerical models which reasonably describe the observed gamma-ray diffuse emission angular distribution and spectral energy distribution from few GeV up to the PeV under the hypothesis that is mostly originated by the cosmic ray population of the Galaxy. We will discuss the possible detectability of the associated neutrino emission and the valuable implications it may have for understanding the origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
The targeted search for gravitational waves from known pulsars
Authors: D’Onofrio Luca 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, I review the latest results by the LIGO-Virgo-Kagra Collaboration for the targeted search of continuous gravitational waves (CWs) from 236 pulsars. First, I present an overview of the types of the CW search. Then, I show the results obtained using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo detectors combined with data from the second observing run. No evidence of gravitational waves has been found but it is possible to set upper limits on the CW amplitude and on the pulsar ellipticity at 95% confidence level. 23 of the analyzed pulsars have strain amplitudes that are lower than the limits calculated from their electromagnetically measured spin-down rates.
MoCRiL: Pacini’s experiment in a modern and educational way
Authors: Liguori D. , Passarelli D. , Schioppa M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The MoCRiL (Measurements of Cosmic Rays in Lake) project has re-proposed, in an educational way and using modern measuring instruments, Domenico Pacini’s experiment for determining the origin of the natural ionizing radiation that surrounds us in any instant. The students of 4 different schools from Calabria Region with the collaboration of the INFN researchers (OCRA collaboration of Cosenza [1]) and of the Physics department of UNICAL, performed the measurement of the ionizing particle rate at different depths in the waters of the Arvo Lake in the Sila plateau (1300 m asl). The aim of this project is to let students know and understand the often very difficult way that leads to scientific discovery, sharing ideas and results with other students, from different years and schools, and with teachers and researchers.
Analyzing cosmic-ray muons in the experimental paths of the “Mathematical High School” Project
Authors: Aramo C. , Colalillo R. , Tortoriello F.S. , Veronesi I. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Mathematical High School (MHS) Project is a research project involving 160 high schools and 26 Italian universities in which experimental research paths are deepened to explore mathematics as a universal language and as a link between the various areas of both humanistic and scientific knowledge. These activities are developed with the collaboration of internationally recognized research institutions. In particular, in the MHS schools, the research group of the Mathematics Department of the University of Salerno in collaboration with INFN (National Institute of Nuclear Physics) Naples division, offers laboratory activities of data analysis on cosmic rays. Students, guided by the researchers, use the CRC (Cosmic Rays Cube), a portable muon detector, to carry out an experimental activity, from the data taking to the analysis. They study what cosmic rays are, where they come from and, in particular, the characteristics of comic-ray muons produced in the Earth atmosphere. Mathematics becomes the instrument to interpret data collected by the detector, measure the muon flux and reconstruct their direction. Using dedicated software, students experience the activity of the researchers. Working in team, they deal with high-profile scientific issues usually not developed in the curricular educational paths.
Design of the PMT underwater cascade implosion protection system for JUNO
Authors: He Miao , Qin Zhonghua , Hou Shaojing , Jing Xiaoping , Liu Hongbang , Ke Zunjian , Wu Diru , Xie Wan , Xu Meihang , Chen Fang , Lu Junguang , Heng Yuekun , Zhang Jiawen , Ma Xiaoyan , Du Zhipeng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used underwater in
large-scale neutrino experiments. As a hollow glass spherelike
structure, implosion is unavoidable during long-term operation under
large water pressure. There is a possibility of cascade implosion to
neighbor PMTs due to shockwave. Jiangmen Underground Neutrino
Observatory designed a protection structure for each 20-inch PMT,
consisting of a top cover, a bottom cover, and their
connection. This paper introduces the requirement and design of the
PMT protection system, including the material selection,
investigation of manufacture technology, and
prototyping. Optimization and validation by simulation and
underwater experiments are also presented.
Population in floodplains or close to sea level increased in US but declined in some counties—especially among Black residents
Authors: Titus James G 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Previous studies estimating US population vulnerable to climate change have assumed that population is uniformly distributed within the geographical unit of analysis, typically a census block. That assumption overstates vulnerable population in places where people have avoided the most hazardous areas. After using independent samples of housing location and building footprints to validate a revised approach, this letter estimates the US population close to sea level and in floodplains based on the assumption that population in a hazard zone is proportional to the fraction of buildings in the hazard zone, for the period 1990–2020. The building-based assumption reduces population estimates about 30%. Over the 30-year period, the US population below 1 m increased 14%–18% from 1.85 (±0.19) million in 1990 to 2.2 (±0.25) million; population below 3 m increased 31%. Sea level rise accounts for 75% of the increase in population below 1 m, but only 14% of the increase below 3 m. Nevertheless, in 21 counties, net emigration from land below 1 m was greater than 1% of county population. Although this emigration was particularly great in the 2000s after Hurricane Katrina, it totaled 170 000 for the entire 30-year period. Similarly, the US population of inland 100-year floodplains increased 7%, but several hundred counties saw a steady emigration throughout the 30-year period which totaled about 240 000. Black residents accounted for 19% of the population below 1 m but only 12% of the nation’s population in 2020, meaning that Black residents were 63% more likely to live below 1 m than the general population nationwide. This disproportionality is more attributable to high Black populations in the most vulnerable localities (especially New Orleans) than to historic segregation. Black people also are almost five times as likely to have emigrated from land below 1 m than the general population since 1990.
Five loop minimal MOM scheme field and quark mass anomalous dimensions in QCD
Authors: Gracey J A , Mason R H 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We determine the anomalous dimensions of the gluon, Faddeev–Popov ghost and quark in the minimal momentum subtraction scheme to five loops for a general colour group when quantum chromodynamics is fixed in a linear covariant gauge. The quark mass anomalous dimension is also constructed in the same scheme.
Lack of genetic differentiation of Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849) in Peninsular Malaysia based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I
Authors: Binashikhbubkr Khaled , Naim Darlina Md. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Kawakawa Euthynnus affinis is a cosmopolitan epipelagic tuna and is regarded as one of the most commercially important tunas in the subtropical and tropical waters of Indo-Pacific region. Regrettably, a lack of information on the stock structure management and conservation of E. affinis populations in Malaysian waters could result in overfishing and perhaps decreasing the stock structure of this marine fish. Thus, for an effective and successful management of the species, an assessment of stock structure based on molecular knowledge is essential. In this current research, genetic differentiation was assessed utilizing sequence analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. A 632 bp segment of the COI region was sequenced in 114 individuals of E. affinis sampled from two central geographic regions; the Straits of Malacca (M), and the South China Sea (SCS). The results revealed that the genetic distance within and between seven populations of E. affinis from Peninsular Malaysia was extremely low. The overall mean of haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.6942, while the average nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.0011. The neighbor-joining (NJ) tree revealed that the samples of E. affinis collected from Peninsular Malaysia were clustered into one clade. The outcomes of this study will provide a valuable baseline of knowledge for proper management and conservation of this neritic tuna in Malaysian waters.
Use of agricultural wastes in rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa USM-AR2
Authors: Aggo G M , Noh N A M , Yahya A R M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigates agricultural wastes as potential fermentation substrates to provide a cheaper solution in rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 while simultaneously attempting to recycle waste. Rhamnolipid production was estimated by orcinol assay, oil spreading test (OST), and emulsification index (E24). The wastes used were waste cooking oil and glycerine pitch. Rhamnolipid fermentation was carried out in shake flask culture using minimal salt medium (MSM) supplemented with 3% (v/v) agricultural wastes as the sole carbon source and NaNO3 as the nitrogen source. MSM supplemented with waste cooking oil exhibited higher biomass, while glycerine pitch resulted in higher rhamnolipid production. Rhamnolipid from MSM supplemented with waste cooking oil demonstrated higher diameter of clearing zone in the OST than glycerine pitch. It exhibited high emulsification activity on waste cooking oil at 63.3 ± 0.03%, with glycerine pitch recording higher E24 at 71.5 ± 0.03%. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa USM-AR2 was able to utilize agricultural wastes to produce appreciable amounts of rhamnolipid.
Thermal study on novel spokes fin for high power LED
Authors: Nandanwar Tanmay , Jani Jash , Rammohan A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
High Power LED (HPLED) lights are popular today in industrial, residential, and consumer applications. In this work, under natural cooling considerations, on a commercial (size 17.85 × 17.85 × 3 mm) heatsink base, a novel spokes fin model was introduced and the temperature has been investigated and compared with rectangular and circular fin models. Using commercial FEA tool, the effect of heat transfer has been explored for a single and six HPLED arrays integrated on the top of the heat sink base and for different fin lengths, about 60 mm, 70 mm and 80 mm and junction temperatures 130 °C, 110 °C, 90 °C, 70 °C and 50 °C. The results revealed that the novel spokes fin is effective at about 4.72% (6 °C) on the upper part of the fins and 5.87% (13 °C) on the lower part of the fins. The heat dissipation from the HPLED junction to the atmosphere is effective using novel spokes compared to rectangular fins for both single and six HPLED array configurations. At the same time, the rectangular fin is effective in dissipating the heat for a single HPLED operation compared to the circular fin about 2.85% on the upper fins, 3.66% on the lower fins and has an equal dissipation effect while used for six HPLED array configurations. During the simulation, the mesh independence test is conducted and the radiation effect is also considered.