bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of mathematical model of nanofluid flow through stagnation point involving thermal radiation, activation energy, and living organisms
Authors: Chaudhry Munaza , Basit Muhammad Abdul , Imran Muhammad , Tahir Madeeha , Alharthi Aiedh Mrisi , Younis Jihad 
Published: January 2025

In a stagnation point flow, the rate at which heat transfers in fluid containing nanoparticles across a sheet that is stretchable on a surface having pores has been investigated in this research. Magnetohydrodynamic viscous nanofluid flow is considered that is subjected to Brownian movements and the thermophoresis effect. By utilizing a numerical technique, the characteristics of heat transmission in nanofluids are investigated. The model is based on momentum, energy, and concentration equations. To explain the flow model’s physical significance, zero mass flux condition has been employed at the surface. Nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a collection of linked ordinary differential equations via similarity transformations. Convergent implications of nonlinear systems are produced by MATLAB software’s built-in bvp4c algorithm. To indicate the physical importance, a thorough examination of relevant characteristics, such as heat sink/source, porosity, and magnetic parameter is conducted. We have observed the behavior of profiles by fixing the numerical values of the involving parameters as 0.1 ≤ λ ≤ 2.0, 0.1 ≤ Nr ≤ 3.0, 0.1 ≤ R ≤ 0.4, 0.1 ≤ M ≤ 0.4, 0.1 ≤ Rb ≤ 1.5, and 0.1 ≤ Nb ≤ 0.7. The temperature rises yet the rate at which heat transfers at the surface declines due to the increased far-field velocity. The greater nanoparticles concentration at the far field relative to the surface is related to the zero mass flux condition.
A study on the acoustic propagation characteristics of circular expanding ducts using the finite element method
Authors: Guan Wenyu , Xiong Zhongying , Xia Huan 
Published: January 2025

A circular expanding duct features an increasing cross-sectional area that tends to excite higher-order modes at low frequencies, thereby affecting the performance of acoustic devices. Studying the acoustic propagation characteristics of circularly expanding ducts is thus crucial for optimal design and noise control. Traditional prediction methods do not adequately account for three-dimensional wave effects inside a duct. This study investigates the sound attenuation performance of various circular expanding ducts in the frequency range of 10–2500 Hz using the three-dimensional finite element method in combination with acoustic theory. The results show that the geometric expansion of the duct changes the wavefront shapes of transmitted sound waves, causing varying degrees of wavefront distortion. Behind the expanding region, these distorted wavefronts interfere with each other to varying extents, affecting the transmission loss (TL) of the duct. When the length of the expanding section is shorter, the average attenuation is generally higher. However, at specific frequencies (e.g., 2100 Hz), a longer expanding section may enhance sound attenuation by exciting more resonant modes. As the expansion ratio of the cross-sectional area increases, wavefront distortion and modal resonance become more pronounced, leading to increased average attenuation and the appearance of more peaks in the TL curve. In addition, the incidence of higher-order modes induces complex modal coupling and interference, significantly reducing the average sound attenuation of the duct. This study provides theoretical foundations and reference values for optimizing the design of circular expanding ducts to improve acoustic performance.
Presence-prominence effect in multimodal eco-discourse
Authors: Dai Fengju , Liu Chengyu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The insufficient ecological awareness among the public is widely acknowledged as the fundamental cause of ecological crises. To address this issue, the present study incorporates the rhetorical concept of presence with the social psychological notion of prominence effect. The aim is to explore how ecological awareness is conveyed in multimodal discourse and then how it is transmitted to the audience through the presence of multimodal resources, using the ecological public service advertisement “BLUE” as a case study. To examine the prominence effect, interviews were conducted with 12 participants to investigate the influence of the prominent elements on the audience’s understandings. The findings reveal that the ecological awareness conveyed by multimodal resources in the selected material is “Green travel”. To promote this ecological awareness, various resources in the visual, auditory, and textual modalities, such as image displays, background colors, participants’ expressions, and gestures, are employed to achieve “presence”. These prominent elements, in turn, impact the audience’s understanding and reception of the conveyed ecological awareness. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the audience’s ecological awareness influences the prominence effect of elements designed for presence in the discourse, thereby impacting audiences’ understanding and response towards the eco-discourse, and for optimal impact, the elements emphasized in the presence of the discourse should align with the prominent elements to captivate the audience’s attention. Based on the analysis, a multidimensional model of presence-prominent effect of multimodal ecological discourse reception is proposed, and some implications for effective development of ecological awareness is then discussed.
Double Differential Cross Section Measurements for the Angular Distribution of Secondary Electrons in Electron-Nitrous Oxide Collisions
Authors: Ozer Zehra Nur 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Gaining insight into the interaction of charged particles with nitrous oxide (N2O) is crucial for advancing our understanding of atmospheric processes and the environmental impacts of N2O. N2O plays a pivotal role in climate change, specifically contributing to global warming in the troposphere and ozone depletion in the stratosphere. In addition, it is of great importance in the fields of plasma physics, atomic and molecular physics, laser physics, and medicine. The cross sectional data obtained from collision studies provide fundamental information about the dynamics involved in the few-body system under investigation. This paper presents electron impact double differential cross sections (DDCSs) for secondary electrons emitted from N2O molecules. The measurements were conducted within fixed incident electron energy ranges of 50-350 eV, covering emission angles between 30° and 130°. Notably, a forward-backward angular asymmetry has been observed in the angular distribution of the DDCS for the detected electrons.&#xD;
Pushed and pulled fronts in a logistic Keller–Segel model with chemorepulsion*
Authors: Avery Montie , Holzer Matt , Scheel Arnd 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We analyze spatial spreading in a population model with logistic growth and chemorepulsion. In a parameter range of short-range chemo-diffusion, we use geometric singular perturbation theory and functional-analytic farfield-core decompositions to identify spreading speeds with marginally stable front profiles. In particular, we identify a sharp boundary between between linearly determined, pulled propagation, and nonlinearly determined, pushed propagation, induced by the chemorepulsion. The results are motivated by recent work on singular limits in this regime using PDE methods (Griette et al 2023 J. Funct. Anal.
285 110115).
Elastic scattering of metastable positronium from antihydrogen
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhang Jun-Yi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of collision between metastable positronium (Ps) and antihydrogen ($\bar{\text{H}}$) is crucial for precision experiments involving $\bar{\text{H}}$. &#xD;In this paper, we investigate the elastic scattering between $\bar{\text{H}}$ and Ps(2$s$) by combining the confined variational method with the projection method, for scattering energies from $0.0245$ eV to $0.068$ eV. &#xD;Our calculations provide accurate phase shifts and cross sections for the $^{1,3}S$ and $^{1,3}P$ symmetries. &#xD;Near the binding threshold, the rapid increase in the total cross section may be attributed to the $P$-wave resonance effect. &#xD;Additionally, we determined the $S$-wave scattering lengths to be $9.34$~$a_0$ and $5.81$~$a_0$ for singlet and triplet elastic scattering, respectively.
A Study of Laser-induced Triangular Geometric Textures on Aluminum 6061
Authors: Farhan Hasif , Ishak Mahadzir , Rai Rahool , Halil Aiman bin Mohd , Quazi M. M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The commercial applications of the Al 6061 alloy in the transportation, construction, and related engineering sectors are extensive. 6061 Aluminum alloy are widely utilized in the aerospace industry for aircraft fittings, automotive sectors for vehicle frameworks, and in the construction of robust, lightweight structures owing to their exceptional machinability and superior strength-to-weight ratio. Although the literature has examined the impact of surface chemistry and topography on wettability transition, the dominant mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Consequently, triangular geometric textures were investigated to evaluate hydrophobicity and optimize the laser parameters. The present study focuses on the processing and characterization of laser-induced triangular textured surfaces on aluminum 6061 alloy. Advanced techniques, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), confocal microscopy, and contact angle measurement equipment, are employed to comprehensively analyze the surface characteristics, including microstructural features, surface chemistry, wettability, and optical properties.
Do oversimplified durability metrics undervalue biochar carbon dioxide removal?
Authors: Ringsby A J , Maher K 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Soil amendment of biochar—the solid product of biomass pyrolysis—is one of few engineered strategies capable of delivering carbon dioxide removal (CDR) today. Quantifying CDR for biochar projects hinges critically on the durability of biochar materials once amended in soil. However, consensus on the definition of durability is still evolving, and as a result, standards developing organizations have generated a variety of different methodologies to assess the removal value of biochar projects. These methodologies primarily rely on single-parameter regression models to link the molar H/C ratio—an easily measurable bulk chemical metric—to the modeled durability of biochar materials. Specific deployment variables are not commonly considered. Thus, although H/C-based methodologies simplify project development and CDR assessment, questions remain as to how well they predict real project outcomes. Via a re-analysis of existing biochar incubation data and several case studies, we show that durability standards based on bulk compositional metrics are biased towards particular feedstocks and may not account for key environmental drivers. Without provisions for these factors, we find that existing assessment models appear to discount the removal value of biochar projects significantly. However, our conclusions rely on predictive models with important weaknesses and unknown uncertainty—pointing to a need to develop a use-aligned database. Limitations notwithstanding, our findings ultimately suggest the biochar ‘durability problem’ may be an artifact of the desire to simplistically define it. To reliably credit CDR, we propose a series of recommendations, including the creation of representative distributions for current feedstocks and environmental gradients to better align experimental data with real-world practices. Further, we suggest an approach to integrate in-field measurement protocols with existing strategies to evaluate CDR value, with potential to co-generate data to guide deployment, maximize agronomic co-benefits, and improve confidence in project integrity.
Long-wavelength interdomain phonons and instability of dislocations in small-angle twisted bilayers
Authors: Enaldiev V V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We develop a theory for long-wavelength phonons originating at dislocations separating domains in small-angle twisted homobilayers of two-dimensional materials such as graphene and MX
2 transition metal dichalcogenides (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se). We find that both partial and perfect dislocations, forming due to lattice relaxation in the twisted bilayers with parallel and antiparallel alignment of the unit cells of the constituent layers, respectively, support several one-dimensional subbands of the interdomain phonons. We show that the spectrum of the lowest gapless subband is characterized by imaginary frequencies for wave numbers below a critical value, dependent on the dislocation orientation, which indicates an instability for long enough straight partial and perfect dislocations. We argue that the pinning potential and/or small deformations of the dislocations can stabilize the gapless phonon spectra. The other subbands are gapped, with subband bottoms lying below the frequency of the interlayer shear mode in the domains, which facilitates their detection with the help of optical and magnetotransport techniques.
Interaction of dynamic magnetic island with bootstrap current in toroidal plasma
Authors: Chen Wenjin , Zhang Min , Ma Zhiwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Interaction of dynamic magnetic island with bootstrap current in toroidal plasmas is investigated based on the ﬁrst principles of kinetic simulation. The perturbed magnetic and electric fields associated with the dynamic magnetic island are calculated from a three-dimensional toroidal MHD code (CLT), instead of artificial imposed magnetic island perturbation. Inside the static magnetic island, the bootstrap current decreases as expected with the effective collision frequency. The radial electric field Er associated with dynamic island could cause the E×B drift, which can noticeably modify the bootstrap current distribution. If the bootstrap current turns on when the tearing mode saturates, the widths of magnetic islands ascend rapidly and saturate again for both static and dynamic cases. But the saturated island width of the dynamic case is smaller than that of the static case because the magnetic islands in the dynamic case is rotated due to strong asymmetric distribution of the bootstrap current in the vicinity of the X-points.
Introduction
Authors: Shanahan Brendan A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter establishes the book’s central claims, foremost the argument that noncitizen immigrants encountered disparate regimes of citizenship rights in the American political economy on a state-by-state basis in the century between the Civil War and the civil rights era. It spotlights the importance of disputes over noncitizen voting rights, anti-alien apportionment schemes, blue-collar nativist hiring measures, anti-alien licensure policies, and marital repatriation law. All but the latter of these were most repeatedly and prominently contested in the domains of state politics and alienage law from the late nineteenth to the mid-twentieth centuries, a time more often remembered for ascendant federal powers in immigration politics and citizenship law. The introduction also challenges widespread depictions that state alienage laws were of peripheral significance to the history of American citizenship, laying out how Disparate Regimes illustrates the invention and evolution of many US citizenship rights as citizen-only rights in law and in popular perception.
Twenty years of advances in prediction of nucleic acid-binding residues in protein sequences
Authors: Basu Sushmita , Yu Jing , Kihara Daisuke , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Computational prediction of nucleic acid-binding residues in protein sequences is an active field of research, with over 80 methods that were released in the past 2 decades. We identify and discuss 87 sequence-based predictors that include dozens of recently published methods that are surveyed for the first time. We overview historical progress and examine multiple practical issues that include availability and impact of predictors, key features of their predictive models, and important aspects related to their training and assessment. We observe that the past decade has brought increased use of deep neural networks and protein language models, which contributed to substantial gains in the predictive performance. We also highlight advancements in vital and challenging issues that include cross-predictions between deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-binding and ribonucleic acid (RNA)-binding residues and targeting the two distinct sources of binding annotations, structure-based versus intrinsic disorder-based. The methods trained on the structure-annotated interactions tend to perform poorly on the disorder-annotated binding and vice versa, with only a few methods that target and perform well across both annotation types. The cross-predictions are a significant problem, with some predictors of DNA-binding or RNA-binding residues indiscriminately predicting interactions with both nucleic acid types. Moreover, we show that methods with web servers are cited substantially more than tools without implementation or with no longer working implementations, motivating the development and long-term maintenance of the web servers. We close by discussing future research directions that aim to drive further progress in this area.
PHPGAT: predicting phage hosts based on multimodal heterogeneous knowledge graph with graph attention network
Authors: Liu Fu , Zhao Zhimiao , Liu Yun 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to global health, making the development of alternative strategies to combat bacterial pathogens increasingly urgent. One such promising approach is the strategic use of bacteriophages (or phages) to specifically target and eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Phages, being among the most prevalent life forms on Earth, play a critical role in maintaining ecological balance by regulating bacterial communities and driving genetic diversity. Accurate prediction of phage hosts is essential for successfully applying phage therapy. However, existing prediction models may not fully encapsulate the complex dynamics of phage–host interactions in diverse microbial environments, indicating a need for improved accuracy through more sophisticated modeling techniques. In response to this challenge, this study introduces a novel phage–host prediction model, PHPGAT, which leverages a multimodal heterogeneous knowledge graph with the advanced GATv2 (Graph Attention Network v2) framework. The model first constructs a multimodal heterogeneous knowledge graph by integrating phage–phage, host–host, and phage–host interactions to capture the intricate connections between biological entities. GATv2 is then employed to extract deep node features and learn dynamic interdependencies, generating context-aware embeddings. Finally, an inner product decoder is designed to compute the likelihood of interaction between a phage and host pair based on the embedding vectors produced by GATv2. Evaluation results using two datasets demonstrate that PHPGAT achieves precise phage host predictions and outperforms other models. PHPGAT is available at https://github.com/ZhaoZMer/PHPGAT.
High-volume lactated Ringer’s solution with human albumin versus standard-volume infusion as a prophylactic treatment for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shatsnimitkul Ekaphan , Laopeamthong Issaree , Tansawet Amarit , Techapongsatorn Suphakarn , Kasetsermwiriya Wisit , Leungon Poramet , Sukhvibul Pakkapol 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Adverse events after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are rare, and post-ERCP pancreatitis is a serious adverse event. This study aimed to determine the role of aggressive intravenous hydration with lactated Ringer’s solution at a specific volume with 20% human albumin before ERCP in reducing the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Methods
This study was a single-centre randomized clinical trial. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups: those who received aggressive intravenous hydration with 20% human albumin and lactated Ringer's solution (intervention group), and those who received standard-volume intravenous hydration with lactated Ringer's solution (control group). The primary endpoint was post-ERCP pancreatitis. Participants and outcome assessors were blinded to treatment allocation. Comparison was performed using the chi-square, the Fisher’s exact, the Student’s t, or the Mann–Whitney U tests, where appropriate.

Results
Of 300 randomized participants, 149 and 144 participants from the intervention and control group were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference in the post-ERCP pancreatitis rate (n = 10; 6.7% versus n = 9; 6.3%, P = 0.873) between the intervention and control groups. High-risk procedures (that is pancreatic duct wiring, pancreatic duct injection, precut sphincterotomy, and balloon dilation of the ampulla) were significantly associated with post-ERCP pancreatitis compared with low-risk procedures (n = 15; 15% versus n = 4; 2.1%, P &lt; 0.001). In the high-risk procedures population, the intervention and control groups had increased post-ERCP pancreatitis rates (P = 0.716). Two participants in each group developed pulmonary congestion.

Conclusion
Aggressive peri-ERCP intravenous hydration with lactated Ringer's solution combined with 50 ml of 20% human albumin did not prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis. None of the subgroups presented with prophylactic effects.

Trial registration
Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20240405003)
Safety and Tolerability of Pivmecillinam During More Than Four Decades of Clinical Experience: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kaye Keith S , Santerre Henriksen Anne , Sommer Morten , Frimodt-Møller Niels 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of pivmecillinam—an oral prodrug of the amidinopenicillin antibiotic mecillinam—presents a valuable opportunity to address the need for new treatments for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI). We report findings of a systematic literature review of the safety profile of pivmecillinam/mecillinam based on more than 40 years’ experience, mainly in Europe and Canada, to describe its tolerability profile and identify any important safety signals. In total, 110 eligible publications were identified describing use of pivmecillinam/mecillinam as monotherapy or in combination, for treatment of uUTI or other infectious conditions. These studies revealed a benign safety and tolerability profile, awareness of which will inform treatment decisions as pivmecillinam is made available in the United States. Together with the evidence for efficacy of, and minimal resistance to, pivmecillinam, the findings of this review support the position of pivmecillinam as a first-line treatment for uUTI.