bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epistemology
Authors: Greco John 
Published: March 2023

Epistemology has been traditionally concerned with questions about the nature, value, and scope of knowledge, together with other questions that arise in relation to these. Hence, another name for epistemology is the theory of knowledge. Investigations into the nature of knowledge ask what knowledge is, and how knowledge is different from related phenomena such as mere opinion, true belief, reasonable belief, and understanding. Investigations into the value of knowledge ask why knowledge is valuable, what kind of value knowledge has, and why knowledge is more valued than mere opinion, or even true opinion. Finally, investigations into the scope of knowledge ask questions about the reach of our knowledge, and also its limits; What kinds of things are possible to know, and what kinds of things are not possible to know? Questions about the scope of knowledge are closely related to sceptical arguments, which purport to show that we know less than we commonly take ourselves to know. The most general sceptical arguments conclude that we know nothing at all. Less general arguments challenge our knowledge in a particular domain, such as our knowledge of the physical world, the future, morality, or religion.
Contemporary epistemology continues to ask these traditional questions, but expands the field to include questions about the social dimensions of knowledge (for example, how our own knowledge depends on the knowledge of others), the relations among knowledge, practical reason and action, the relations between knowledge and assertion, and how knowledge interacts with social-political issues. For example, in what ways does one’s social-political status determine what one can (or cannot) know? In what ways does social-political status affect how one is treated as a knower (or not) by others? By asking these and other questions, contemporary epistemology becomes interdisciplinary, interacting with other fields such as ethics, action theory, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, psychology and other cognitive sciences, sociology, and political theory.
Epistemology’s traditional questions about the nature, value and scope of knowledge are clearly related. For example, what one says about the nature of knowledge will have consequences regarding the value of knowledge and the scope of knowledge. Contemporary epistemology’s expanded questions are also related to its traditional questions. For example, a good account of the nature of knowledge ought to explain why, or at least not make mysterious, why knowledge has the intimate relations that it does to assertion, action and practical reasoning. Likewise, the social dimensions of knowledge and its relations to political life have implications regarding the value of knowledge. In this way, contemporary epistemology does not merely expand the questions of traditional epistemology. It also provides deeper insight into the tradition’s central concerns.
Evidence
Authors: Gardiner Georgi 
Published: March 2023

Evidence is a sign or indication of what is true.
Evidence is central to representing and investigating the world. It can justify beliefs, credences, and various other doxastic attitudes, such as suspecting that p. Evidence also legitimates emotions, decisions, and actions. A state might close a bridge, for example, based on evidence it is unstable. Evidence affects moral and legal matters, such as how we may permissibly treat people. Killing another person is usually legally and morally prohibited, for instance, but can be rendered permissible by compelling evidence that the person is an immediate serious threat to others. More mundanely, we might permissibly avoid a person, based on evidence they mistreat people. In addition to justifying beliefs, it also causes belief. It can be difficult to suspend judgement in the face of compelling evidence.
Evidence plays significant roles in interpersonal relationships, including assigning blame and resolving disputes. It is paramount in law, science, journalism, and medical practice; it structures scholarly pursuits, such as historical investigation. More prosaically, evidence is how humans, higher animals, and (perhaps) robots navigate their environment. It is indispensable to thought.
What kinds of things can be evidence? Candidates include facts, propositions, assertions, beliefs, knowledge, objects, states of affairs, and phenomenological experiences (§1). Pieces of evidence stand in intricate webs, with the overall epistemic force of a body of evidence depending on many interlocking factors (§2). Evidence can be undermined or reinforced by other evidence, and differing background knowledge licenses different inferences from a given piece of evidence. Evidence affects the justification of belief and other doxastic attitudes in various ways, and also influences epistemic practices, character, and institutions (§3).
Heavy Metals in Homoeopathic Mother Tinctures – Is it a Cause for Concern?
Authors: Sharma Nitesh , Gaur Narendra , Vishwakarma Sunil Kumar , Gupta Jitendra , Dalua Snigdha Suman , Tiwari Poorva , Valavan Ramachandran 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The presence of heavy metals in higher quantity is a cause for concern in herbal medicines. Around 60-70% of homoeopathic medicines are manufactured using herbs. Herbs account for even more than 90% of the frequently used mother tinctures. There is a possibility of heavy metals transfer from herbs to the mother tincture during the manufacturing process.
Objective: This study was conducted to find out the transmission of heavy metals from herbs to mother tinctures.
Material and methods: 10 herbs have been identified based on the literature survey for the presence of heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic and cadmium). Samples of both herbs and the mother tinctures made from them have been studied for the presence of heavy metals in mg/kg.
Results & discussion: 8 out of 10 herbs were found to contain heavy metals. However, none of the homoeopathic mother tinctures prepared from these herbs has any trace of the presence of heavy metal. Even though mother tinctures are diluted 10 times and they may contain 1/10th of heavy metals present in the herbs, we could not find even 1/10th of the heavy metal in the mother tincture. This could be due to their insoluble nature in the solvents used. Perhaps all the heavy metals have been retained into the herbal residue.
Conclusion: Heavy metals present in the studied herbs do not transport during the manufacturing of homoeopathic mother tinctures. Thus, these homoeopathic mother tinctures may be considered safe with respect to heavy metals.
Review of Literature for Dissertation: Why and How?
Authors: Nahar Karanpreet , Nayak Chaturbhuja 
Published: March 2023

Literature review adds legitimacy to the study which is primarily scrutinized to spot gaps of knowledge in that area of specialization. Review of Literature is also required to deciding the topic and strengthens the rationale of undertaking a particular research project. This article tries to throw light on a few common difficulties faced by the researchers particularly PG students while writing dissertations and remedial measures that can be taken into account to achieve this objective.
Homoeopathy In Management of Alopecia Areata – A Narrative Review
Authors: Gupta Yogeshwari , Sharma Samridhi 
Published: March 2023

Background: Alopecia areata is a form of alopecia that affects hair follicles. It presents with round patch. Many treatments are available and this review highlights the usage of homoeopathy in treatment of alopecia areata.
Objective: The review was done to explore the strengths of homoeopathy in management of alopecia areata through online available evidences.
Methods: A search was made for homoeopathic management of Alopecia areata in PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, Google Scholar, Google search engines was done to collect all relevant articles, reports, web pages published till October 2022. The term included was Alopecia homoeopathic treatment, Alopecia homoeopathy, Alopecia areata homoeopathy. Further literature review was also conducted & repertory was also searched.
Result: 16 studies were found and all are case reports except one.
Conclusion: At present available evidences for homoeopathic management of alopecia are very weak. Further studies are needed for strong evidences.
MANAJEMEN KONFLIK DI LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Mukhtar Syuaib Muhammad , Mardia  
Published: March 2023

Konflik merupakan suatu proses alamiah yang melekat pada sifat semua hubungan dan dapat diatasi dengan pengelolaan yang konstruktif. Pengelolaan konflik ke arah positif membutuhkan proses dan usaha yang tidak mudah. Konflik dapat dijadikan sebagai stimulus peningkatan komunikasi dan kualitas kerja, namun juga dapat menurunkan kualitas kinerja seseorang jika tidak dapat dikendalikan. Madrasah sebagai lembaga pendidikan dalam melaksanakan proses pendidikan dan dalam mencapai visi yang dirumuskan tidak lepas dari konflik sehingga dapat menjadi faktor penghambat dalam mencapai tujuan yang telah dirumuskan bersama jika tidak dikelola dengan baik.
Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif karena ditunjukkan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis fenomena, peristiwa, aktivitas sosial, sikap, kepercayaan, persepsi, pemikiran orang secara individual maupun kelompok. Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi berperanserta (participant observation), wawancara mendalam (in dept interview), studi dokumen dan trianggulasi. Analisis data yang digunakan dengan melibatkan tiga komponen analisis, yaitu reduksi data (data reduction), penyajian data (data display), penarikan kesimpulan (verification).
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sumber konflik yang terdapat di MTs DDI Kaluppang yaitu dilatarbelakangi karena adanya ketidaksesuaian atau kesalahpahaman dalam komunikasi atau distorsi komunikasi, adanya perilaku salah satu personil yang keras kepala dalam memaksakan kehendak, dan tidak mau berkompromi terhadap keputusan bersama yang telah ditetapkan. Adapun langkah yang dillakukan dalam mengelola konflik yang terjadi, yaitu dengan mengambil langkah kekeluargaan, musyawarah bersama, bersikap kompromi yang kontroversial, bersikap akomodatif, bersikap toleran, dan mengedepankan nilai-nilai kebersamaan.
Point-of-Care Tests for Pancreatitis
Authors: Barbara Angela M. , Severn Melissa 
Published: March 2023

Horizon scan reports provide brief summaries of information regarding new and emerging health technologies, which are identified through the CADTH Horizon Scanning Service as topics of potential interest to health care decision-makers in Canada.
The Actim Pancreatitis test is a rapid point-of-care test that detects acute pancreatitis (including endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography–related pancreatitis). It has the potential to provide a diagnosis of pancreatitis more quickly and with fewer financial and human resources. It may be particularly useful in settings that do not have quick access to laboratory services.
INDUCTION OF RADIO COMMUNICATION IN INDIAN RAILWAY FOR SMOOTH RUNNING DURING FOG CONDITION
Authors: Chaudhary Ms. Diksha , Grover Nitigya , Ruhil Ms. Neelam , Garg Nitin 
Published: March 2023

In winter season due to low visibility our railway system not work smoothly. To remove the problem for this season we are going to design a railway driving system which can act in fog independently without seasonally variation. For this communication, we will use RF communication. So, control room personnel will be aware of the railway traffic as well as the drivers will also be aware so without visibility can run smoothly. So, RF communication is any of the electromagnetic wave frequencies that lie in the range spreading from around 3 kHz to 300 GHz, which include those frequencies used for communications or radar signals. RF mainly refers the electrical rather than mechanical oscillations. In RF communication basic elements are used that are:

Transmitter and modulation
Antenna
Propagation
Receiver and demodulation
Moral Learning through Tragedy in Aristotle and Force Majeure
Authors: MacAllister James 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In this article, I challenge Simon Critchley's recent suggestion that tragic art is not morally educational in Aristotle's analysis and instead argue that it can be inferred from Aristotle that tragic art can morally educate in three main ways: via emotion education, by helping the audience come to understand what matters in life, and by depicting conduct worthy of moral emulation and conduct that is not. Stephen Halliwell's reading of how catharsis helps the audience of tragedy learn to feel pity and fear appropriately is discussed. Two objections Lear makes to Halliwell's account are thereafter outlined and responded to. I maintain that for Aristotle, the pleasure proper to tragedy is prompted by an understanding of what matters most in life—not making mistakes that threaten the prosperity of loved ones. I pull the article together by questioning aspects of Christopher Falzon's reading of Ruben Östlund's film, Force Majeure. I conclude that the film both exemplifies and critiques Aristotle's account of moral learning through tragedy.
Conversation on Conversation: Maieutic Dialogue and Exponential Power in Creative Work
Authors: King Bob 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This article examines the role of maieutic dialogue and exponential power in creative work. Its thesis is that maieutic dialogue is the engine that drives the creative process, and exponential power is the engine that informs maieutic dialogue. The legacy of Socrates is rehabilitated, and then his example is used as a clinic to rehabilitate the legacies of Jackson Pollock, Robert Rauschenberg, and creative artists in general. Implications for aesthetic education are alluded to in a concluding section.
THE ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL MARKETING AND GREEN BRANDING OF THE REGION IN ENHANCING ITS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Бондаренко В.А. , Гузенко Н.В. , Дадаян Н.А. 
Published: March 2023

В статье исследуется проблематика востребованности экологического маркетинга как управленческой концепции, являющейся проявлением маркетинга территории в осуществлении его экологически ориентированного развития. Акцент сделан на применяемых подходах и показателях для оценки устойчивости региона, а также значении зеленого имиджа и бренда для построения работы с целевыми аудиториями и обеспечения возможностей социально-экономического развития территории.
The article examines the problems of the demand for environmental marketing as a management concept, which is a manifestation of territory marketing in the implementation of its environmentally oriented development. The emphasis is placed on the approaches and indicators used to assess the sustainability of the region, as well as the importance of a "green" image and brand in building work with target audiences and providing opportunities for socio-economic development of the territory.
MONITORING OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES USED IN THE OIL AND GAS COMPLEX IN ORDER TO FORM A UNIFIED INFORMATION SPACE
Authors: Лавров Д.А. , Корсакова Е.В. 
Published: March 2023

В исследовании проведен мониторинг использования цифровых технологий при формировании интегрированной отчетности в нефтегазовом секторе по двум направлениям: 1) цифровые технологии, используемые при формировании финансовой и нефинансовой отчетности, включая интегрированную отчетность, и раскрытии информации в них; 2) цифровые технологии, используемые в производственной деятельности компаний нефтегазового сектора. Полученные результаты исследования позволили определить и обосновать основные направления развития цифровых технологий в нефтегазовой отрасли, включая мгновенную ориентацию и готовность бизнеса к вводу на рынок новых продуктов и услуг; перестройку менеджмента и бизнес-процессов с ориентацией на создание единого информационного пространства (ЕИП), усиление киберзащиты в целях обеспечения информационной безопасности как своей организации, так и партнеров по бизнесу; активное развитие цифровых компетенций у сотрудников компаний.
The study monitored the use of digital technologies in the formation of integrated reporting in the oil and gas sector in two directions: 1) digital technologies used in the formation of financial and non-financial statements, including integrated reporting and disclosure of information therein; 2) digital technologies used in the production activities of oil and gas companies. The results of the study allowed us to identify and justify the main directions of digital technology development in the oil and gas industry: instant orientation and readiness 86 of the business to enter new products and services into the market; restructuring of management and business processes with a focus on creating a unified information space (UIP), strengthening cyber defense, in order to ensure information security as their organization, and business partners; active development of digital competencies among company employees.
CLASSIFICATION BY REFERENCE VECTOR METHOD OF FRAUDULENT BITCOIN THEFT PROGRAMS
Authors: Бакуменко Л.П. , Васильева Н.С. 
Published: March 2023

С появлением криптовалюты возникла угроза со стороны вредоносных программ (ransomware), которые наносят ущерб различным секторам экономики, особенно здравоохранению, поэтому анализ классификации транзакций криптовалюты (в частности, Биткоина) необходим с целью построения такой модели, на основе которой при помощи машинного обучения возможно было бы отнести транзакцию к классу опасных или безопасных. В статье рассматривается точность применения различных видов функций классификации методом опорных векторов. С целью классификации различных видов мошеннических программ, связанных с кражей криптовалюты Bitcoin, проведен сравнительный анализ точности каждой функции. На основе сравнительного анализа выбрана функция, с применением которой классификация является наиболее точной. Данная работа направлена на изучение эффективности и точности использования метода опорных векторов для выполнения вышеописанной задачи.
With the advent of cryptocurrencies, there was a threat from malware (ransomware), which pose a threat to various sectors of the economy, especially healthcare. Therefore, the analysis of the classification of cryptocurrency transactions (in particular, Bitcoin) is necessary in order to build such a model on the basis of which, with the help of machine learning, it 113 would be possible to determine the transaction to the class of dangerous or safe. The article discusses the accuracy of the application of various types of classification functions by the method of support vectors. In order to classify various classes of fraudulent programs related to the theft of the Bitcoin cryptocurrency, a comparative analysis of the accuracy of each function was carried out. Based on the comparative analysis, the function with which the classification is the most accurate is selected. This work is aimed at studying the effectiveness and accuracy of using the support vector machine to achieve the above-described goal.
IS IT WORTH STUDYING FURTHER? ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Мяктинова Т.А. , Трегуб И.В. 
Published: March 2023

В статье проведено исследование влияния уровня образования на величину заработной платы в России. Представлены результаты эконометрической оценки уравнения отдачи от образования Минцера, полученные на информационной базе репрезентативного проекта «Российский мониторинг экономического положения и здоровья населения (RLMS HSE)» за 2021 г. Спецификация уравнения, помимо стандартных количества лет обучения, стажа и стажа в квадрате, включает пол индивида, тип поселения, уровень его образования и количество работников на предприятии, где он работает. Оценка уравнения проведена с помощью метода наименьших квадратов. Получено, что уровень чистой отдачи от образования в форме числа лет обучения очень низок и составляет 1,9 %, однако отдача от высшего образования составляет 21 %, а от высшего послевузовского – 38 %, что значительно больше по сравнению со средним, средним специальным и незаконченным высшим образованием. Это позволяет сделать вывод, что лучшим с точки зрения отдачи вложением в образование является не увеличение числа лет обучения, а повышение его уровня.
The paper presents the results of an econometric assessment of the Mintzer education return equation on the information base of the representative project «Russian Monitoring of the economic situation and public Health (RLMS HSE)» for 2021. The specification of the equation, in addition to the standard number of years of study, experience and experience squared, includes the gender of the individual, the type of settlement, the level of his education and the number of employees at the company where she/he works. The equation was evaluated using the least squares method. It was found that the level of net return from education in the form of the number of years of study is very low (over 1,9 %), however, the return from higher education is 21 %, and from postgraduate education – 38 % compared with secondary, secondary specialized and incomplete higher education. This allows us to conclude that the best investment in education from the point of view of return is not an increase in the number of years of study, but an increase in level of education.
Learning Management of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Based on Multiple Intelligences at SMA IT Insan Mandiri Cibubur
Authors: Syukur Agus , Nata Abuddin , Rosyada Dede , Suralaga Fadhilah 
Published: March 2023

This research is entitled "Learning Management of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) Based on Multiple Intelligences at SMA IT Insan Mandiri Cibubur". The purpose of this research is to explain how the SMA IT Insan Mandiri Cibubur High School as an education provider institution applies the concept of "Multiple Intelligences" to makes a learning model based on "Multiple Intelligences". The writer deliberately took PAI learning as a sample to make it easier for writer in the research process and not to widen and focus too much. Because in essence this study aims to find out a comprehensive model of the concept of learning based on multiple intelligences. This research is a type of qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The conclusions of this study stated: That the implementation management of the "Multiple Intelligences" based learning concept that implemented by SMA IT Insan Mandiri Cibubur includes the learning planning process, learning implementation and assessment of learning outcomes. In planning learning, teacher use a database of students' multiple intelligences research (MIR) results, this is to make it easier for teachers to prepare lesson plans (RPP), and than teacher can choose a variety of strategies and learning methods, which are adjusted to the learning style and intelligence tendencies of students. Then in the implementation of learning, the teacher implements what has been prepared in the lesson plan (RPP) by implementstion with attractive learning and fun learning with the aim of sparking the various potentials of the students and using the “quantum teaching method” and implementation of project based qur’an (PBQ). The last process is the assessment of learning outcomes, by using authentic assessment, its named a balanced and objective assessment in each domain, both cognitive, affective and psychomotor.