bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors that are detrimental to children As a result of social media
Authors: Romana Bano  
Published: January 2023

Using Stalnaker's context and content base theory as a reference, the purpose of this study is to investigate the potentially negative effects that exposure to social media can have on children. The focus of this paper will be on how children continue to waste their prospects by devoting an excessive number of hours in playing video games, watching movies, and watching animated cartoons. It has a negative impact not only on their health but also on their prospects for the future. This article focuses on the various types of electronic gadgets that are used for by children when interacting with social media. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the negative effects that the use of social media may have on young people.
Derivation and external validation of clinical prediction rules identifying children at risk of linear growth faltering
Authors: Ahmed Sharia M , Brintz Ben J , Pavlinac Patricia B , Shahrin Lubaba , Huq Sayeeda , Levine Adam C , Nelson Eric J , Platts-Mills James A , Kotloff Karen L , Leung Daniel T 
Published: January 2023

Background:Nearly 150 million children under-5 years of age were stunted in 2020. We aimed to develop a clinical prediction rule (CPR) to identify children likely to experience additional stunting following acute diarrhea, to enable targeted approaches to prevent this irreversible outcome.Methods:We used clinical and demographic data from the Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) to build predictive models of linear growth faltering (decrease of ≥0.5 or ≥1.0 in height-for-age z-score [HAZ] at 60-day follow-up) in children ≤59 months presenting with moderate-to-severe diarrhea, and community controls, in Africa and Asia. We screened variables using random forests, and assessed predictive performance with random forest regression and logistic regression using fivefold cross-validation. We used the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) study to (1) re-derive, and (2) externally validate our GEMS-derived CPR.Results:Of 7639 children in GEMS, 1744 (22.8%) experienced severe growth faltering (≥0.5 decrease in HAZ). In MAL-ED, we analyzed 5683 diarrhea episodes from 1322 children, of which 961 (16.9%) episodes experienced severe growth faltering. Top predictors of growth faltering in GEMS were: age, HAZ at enrollment, respiratory rate, temperature, and number of people living in the household. The maximum area under the curve (AUC) was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 0.75) with 20 predictors, while 2 predictors yielded an AUC of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.72). Results were similar in the MAL-ED re-derivation. A 2-variable CPR derived from children 0–23 months in GEMS had an AUC = 0.63 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.65), and AUC = 0.68 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.74) when externally validated in MAL-ED.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that use of prediction rules could help identify children at risk of poor outcomes after an episode of diarrheal illness. They may also be generalizable to all children, regardless of diarrhea status.Funding:This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health under Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award NIH T32AI055434 and by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI135114).
On the origin of mitochondria: a multilayer network approach
Authors: Borges Dérick Gabriel F. , Carvalho Daniel S. , Bomfim Gilberto C. , Ramos Pablo Ivan P. , Brzozowski Jerzy , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , F. S. Andrade Roberto , El-Hani Charbel 
Published: January 2023

Backgound
The endosymbiotic theory is widely accepted to explain the origin of mitochondria from a bacterial ancestor. While ample evidence supports the intimate connection of Alphaproteobacteria to the mitochondrial ancestor, pinpointing its closest relative within sampled Alphaproteobacteria is still an open evolutionary debate. Many different phylogenetic methods and approaches have been used to answer this challenging question, further compounded by the heterogeneity of sampled taxa, varying evolutionary rates of mitochondrial proteins, and the inherent biases in each method, all factors that can produce phylogenetic artifacts. By harnessing the simplicity and interpretability of protein similarity networks, herein we re-evaluated the origin of mitochondria within an enhanced multilayer framework, which is an extension and improvement of a previously developed method.

Methods
We used a dataset of eight proteins found in mitochondria (N = 6 organisms) and bacteria (N = 80 organisms). The sequences were aligned and resulting identity matrices were combined to generate an eight-layer multiplex network. Each layer corresponded to a protein network, where nodes represented organisms and edges were placed following mutual sequence identity. The Multi-Newman-Girvan algorithm was applied to evaluate community structure, and bifurcation events linked to network partition allowed to trace patterns of divergence between studied taxa.

Results
In our network-based analysis, we first examined the topology of the 8-layer multiplex when mitochondrial sequences disconnected from the main alphaproteobacterial cluster. The resulting topology lent firm support toward an Alphaproteobacteria-sister placement for mitochondria, reinforcing the hypothesis that mitochondria diverged from the common ancestor of all Alphaproteobacteria. Additionally, we observed that the divergence of Rickettsiales was an early event in the evolutionary history of alphaproteobacterial clades.

Conclusion
By leveraging complex networks methods to the challenging question of circumscribing mitochondrial origin, we suggest that the entire Alphaproteobacteria clade is the closest relative to mitochondria (Alphaproteobacterial-sister hypothesis), echoing recent findings based on different datasets and methodologies.
A Deep Learning Approach to Classify the Potato Leaf Disease
Authors: Islam Md. Ashraful , Sikder Md. Hanif 
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This paper aims to classify potato disease using convolutional neural network in different epochs to observe the best performance of the model. The best model will help the farmers to make different decisions to prevent the loss of potato production.
Methodology: The paper implements a deep learning approach, the convolutional neural network, to explore potato disease classification. To accomplish the research objective, we collected 10000 images of potato leaves from different sources like google and raw data from potato fields. We collected a dataset of 2152 images from Kaggle and the other 7848 images from the above sources. The dataset belongs to a few classes. The classes are Potato Early Blight, Potato Late Blight, and Potato healthy leaf. The paper includes four main steps: data acquisition, data pre-processing, data augmentation, and image classification to find the output.
Findings: This study found that the model performed better when we applied 40 epochs for the 10000 images dataset & we achieved 100% accuracy as we applied a total of 3 different epochs and achieved an accuracy of 99.97% and 99.98% for 30 and 50 epochs, respectively.
Research Limitations: The study significantly contributed to the agriculture sector and farmers by providing suggestions to classify the Potato leaf Disease with the best output.
Besides, researchers need more raw data to build the model for better output, and they also should be concerned regarding the system when working with large volumes of data as it takes longer to run the code. Originality/Value: This research paper contained high volume of the dataset, which is 10000 images of potato leaves. We collected a dataset of 2152 images from Kaggle and the rest, 7848 images from different sources like google, and raw data from potato filed. We showed different epochs to check the best performance and achieved 100% accuracy when 40 epochs were applied.
Mental Health Service Utilization Rates Among Commercially Insured Adults in the US During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: McBain Ryan K. , Cantor Jonathan , Pera Megan F. , Breslau Joshua , Bravata Dena M. , Whaley Christopher M. 
Published: January 2023

ImportanceThe COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an elevated prevalence of mental health conditions and disrupted mental health care throughout the US.ObjectiveTo examine mental health service use among US adults from January through December 2020.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used county-level service utilization data from a national US database of commercial medical claims from adults (age &amp;gt;18 years) from January 5 to December 21, 2020. All analyses were conducted in April and May 2021.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPer-week use of mental health services per 10 000 beneficiaries was calculated for 5 psychiatric diagnostic categories: major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, adjustment disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Changes in service utilization rates following the declaration of a national public health emergency on March 13, 2020, were examined overall and by service modality (in-person vs telehealth), diagnostic category, patient sex, and age group.ResultsThe study included 5 142 577 commercially insured adults. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with more than a 50% decline in in-person mental health care service utilization rates. At baseline, there was a mean (SD) of 11.66 (118.00) weekly beneficiaries receiving services for MDD per 10 000 enrollees; this declined by 6.44 weekly beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees (β, –6.44; 95% CI, –8.33 to –4.54). For other disorders, these rates were as follows: anxiety disorders (mean [SD] baseline, 12.24 [129.40] beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees; β, –5.28; 95% CI, –7.50 to –3.05), bipolar disorder (mean [SD] baseline, 3.32 [60.39] beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees; β, –1.81; 95% CI, –2.75 to –0.87), adjustment disorders (mean [SD] baseline, 12.14 [129.94] beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees; β, –6.78; 95% CI, –8.51 to –5.04), and PTSD (mean [SD] baseline, 4.93 [114.23] beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees; β, –2.00; 95% CI, –3.98 to –0.02). Over the same period, there was a 16- to 20-fold increase in telehealth service utilization; the rate of increase was lowest for bipolar disorder (mean [SD] baseline, 0.13 [16.72] beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees; β, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.04-1.76) and highest for anxiety disorders (mean [SD] baseline, 0.20 [9.28] beneficiaries per 10 000 enrollees; β, 9.12; 95% CI, 7.32-10.92). When combining in-person and telehealth service utilization rates, an overall increase in care for MDD, anxiety, and adjustment disorders was observed over the period.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of US adults, we found that the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a rapid increase in telehealth services for mental health conditions, offsetting a sharp decline in in-person care and generating overall higher service utilization rates for several mental health conditions compared with prepandemic levels.
LINC00173 facilitates tumor progression by stimulating RAB1B‐mediated PA2G4 and SDF4 secretion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: He Shi‐Wei , Liang Ye‐Lin , Zhang Yuan , Liu Xu , Gong Sha , Ye Ming‐Liang , Huang Sheng‐Yan , Tan Xi‐Rong , Zhou Shi‐Qing , Zhao Yin , Liu Na , Li Ying‐Qing 
Published: January 2023

An increasing number of studies have found that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) play important roles in driving the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Our microarray screening revealed that expression of the lncRNA long intergenic non‐protein coding RNA 173 (LINC00173) was upregulated in NPC. However, its role and mechanism in NPC have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that high LINC00173 expression indicated a poor prognosis in NPC patients. Knockdown of LINC00173 significantly inhibited NPC cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, LINC00173 interacted and colocalized with Ras‐related protein Rab‐1B (RAB1B) in the cytoplasm, but the modulation of LINC00173 expression did not affect the expression of RAB1B at either the mRNA or protein levels. Instead, relying on the stimulation of RAB1B, LINC00173 could facilitate the extracellular secretion of proliferation‐associated 2G4 (PA2G4) and stromal cell‐derived factor 4 (SDF4; also known as 45‐kDa calcium‐binding protein) proteins, and knockdown of these proteins could reverse the NPC aggressive phenotype induced by LINC00173 overexpression. Moreover, in vivo LINC00173‐knockdown models exhibited a marked slowdown in tumor growth and a significant reduction in lymph node and lung metastases. In summary, LINC00173 serves as a crucial driver for NPC progression, and the LINC00173–RAB1B–PA2G4/SDF4 axis might provide a potential therapeutic target for NPC patients.
Land‐use intensity impacts habitat selection of ground‐nesting farmland birds in The Netherlands
Authors: Li Yuhong , Piersma Theunis , Hooijmeijer Jos C. E. W. , Howison Ruth A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Agricultural intensification has modified grassland habitats, causing serious declines in farmland biodiversity including breeding birds. Until now, it has been difficult to objectively evaluate the link between agricultural land‐use intensity and range requirements of wild populations at the landscape scale.

In this study of Black‐tailed Godwits Limosa limosa, we examined habitat selection and home range size during the breeding phase in relation to land‐use intensity, at the scale of the entire Netherlands. From 2013 to 2019, 57 breeding godwits were tracked with solar‐Platform Transmitter Terminals (26–216 locations [mean: 80] per bird per breeding phase) and used to estimate their core (50%) and home ranges (90%). Of these, 37 individuals were instrumented in Iberia and therefore unbiased toward eventual breeding locations. The tracks were used to analyse habitat selection by comparing the mean, median and standard deviation of land‐use intensity of core and home ranges with matching iterated random samples of increasing radii, that is, 500 m (local), 5 km (neighbourhood), 50 km (region) and the whole of The Netherlands.

Land‐use intensities of the core and home ranges selected by godwits were similar to those at the local and neighbourhood scales but were significantly lower and less variable than those of the region and the entire country. Thus, at the landscape scale, godwits were selected for low‐intensity agricultural land.

The core range size of godwits increased with increasing land‐use intensity, indicating high agricultural land‐use intensity necessitating godwits to use larger areas.

This is consistent with the idea that habitat quality declines with increasing land‐use intensity. This study is novel as it examines nationwide habitat selection and space use of a farmland bird subspecies tracked independently of breeding locations. Dutch breeding godwits selected areas with lower land‐use intensity than what was generally available. The majority of the Dutch agricultural grassland (94%) is managed at high land‐use intensity, which heavily restricts the viability of breeding possibilities for ground‐nesting birds. The remote sensing methodology described here illustrates the potential to study entire wild populations from the local field level to their whole spatial range.
Subclinical Systemic Sclerosis Primary Heart Involvement by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Shows No Significant Interval Change
Authors: Dumitru Raluca B. , Bissell Lesley‐Anne , Erhayiem Bara , Fent Graham , Kidambi Ananth , Abignano Giuseppina , Greenwood John P. , Biglands John , Del Galdo Francesco , Plein Sven , Buch Maya H. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveSubclinical systemic sclerosis (SSc) primary heart involvement is commonly described. Whether these findings progress over time is not clear. The study aimed to investigate cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) interval change of subclinical SSc primary heart involvement.MethodsPatients with SSc with no cardiovascular disease underwent two CMR scans that included T1 mapping and quantitative stress perfusion. The CMR change (mean difference) and association between CMR measures and clinical phenotype were assessed. The study had a prospective design.ResultsThirty‐one patients with SSc participated, with a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 33 (17‐37) months (10 [32%] in the diffuse subset, 16 [52%] with interstitial lung disease [ILD], and 11 [29%] who were Scl‐70+). Four of thirty‐one patients had focal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) at visit 1; one of four had an increase in LGE scar mass between visits. Two patients showed new focal LGE at visit 2. No change in other CMR indices was noted. The three patients with SSc with increased or new LGE at visit 2 had diffuse cutaneous SSc with ILD, and two were Scl‐70+. A reduction in forced vital capacity and total lung capacity was associated with a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (ρ = 0.413, P = 0.021; ρ = 0.335, P = 0.07) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) (ρ = 0.543, P = 0.007; ρ = 0.627, P = 0.002). An increase in the N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide level was associated with a reduction in MPR (ρ = −0.448, P = 0.042). Patients on disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) had an increase in native T1 (mean [SD] 1208 [65] vs. 1265 [56] milliseconds, P = 0.008). No other clinically meaningful CMR change in patients receiving DMARDs or vasodilators was noted.ConclusionSerial CMR detects interval subclinical SSc primary heart involvement progression; however, this study suggests abnormalities remain largely stable with follow‐up.
Selective Inhibition of the MK2 Pathway: Data From a Phase IIa Randomized Clinical Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gordon David , Kivitz Alan , Singhal Atul , Burt David , Bangs Madison C. , Huff Emma E. , Hope Heidi Rath , Monahan Joseph B. 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveThe study objective was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of ATI‐450 with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA parallel‐assignment, placebo‐controlled, investigator‐blinded/patient‐blinded multicenter study evaluated patients with moderate‐to‐severe RA aged 18 to 70 years. Eligible patients were randomized (1:1) to ATI‐450 50‐mg oral tablets twice daily or placebo with a stable weekly dose of methotrexate for 12 weeks. The primary objective was to assess ATI‐450 safety and tolerability. The secondary objectives were to assess the median percentage change from baseline high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels, the mean change from baseline in Disease Activity Score in 28 joints based on CRP level (DAS28‐CRP) and Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score hand‐wrist assessments of synovitis or bone erosion at week 12, and the proportion of patients with American College of Rheumatology 20/50/70 (ACR 20/50/70) and with DAS28‐CRP scores of less than 2.6. The exploratory outcomes were change from baseline in endogenous and ex vivo–stimulated cytokine levels.ResultsATI‐450 was well tolerated with no severe adverse events reported. ATI‐450 reduced median hs‐CRP levels by 42% or more at all posttreatment timepoints. In the ATI‐450 group, a mean (median) decrease in DAS28‐CRP score of 2.0 (2.1) was observed at week 12; proportions of patients with an ACR 20/50/70 response in the per‐protocol population were 60%, 33%, and 20%, respectively, at week 12. Endogenous plasma levels of key inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8) were reduced across the 12 treatment weeks.ConclusionThis is the first clinical study demonstrating that selective mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)–activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway blockade leads to a sustained antiinflammatory effect. This suggests that targeting the MK2 pathway mitigates the tachyphylaxis observed with p38 MAPK inhibitors in RA and supports further exploration.
Revealing Intrinsic Relations Between Cu Scales and Radical/Nonradical Oxidations to Regulate Nucleophilic/Electrophilic Catalysis
Authors: Wan Zhonghao , Cao Yang , Xu Zibo , Duan Xiaoguang , Xu Shuguang , Hou Deyi , Wang Shaobin , Tsang Daniel C.W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCopper/carbon catalysts under different electron‐transfer regimes can evolve both radical and nonradical pathways in peroxide activation. However, the underlying trigger to manipulate the transition in between is unclear. Herein, it is revealed that Cu species in a state of sub‐nanometre particles (SNPs, < 1 nm) exhibits an electrophilic nature, which is opposite to its nucleophilic nature at a larger scale (nanoclusters, > 1 nm). This switch between nucleophile/electrophile nature leads to distinct catalytic mechanisms in activating peroxymonosulfate, i.e., nonradical 1O2 surface‐bound upon Cu SNPs and unleashed radical •OH induced by Cu nanoclusters. The vacancy defects of biomass‐derived carbon can stabilize Cu SNPs via a CuVC configuration, circumventing the contemporary difficulties in coordinating/preserving MetalNC bonding. Depth profiling, chemical probes, and charge density difference modeling support the regulable electroactive nature over modulated Cu scales. This featured system is applied for tetracycline degradation, and Cu SNPs demonstrates the highest efficacy with their better peroxymonosulfate confinement in nonradical regime (88.9% removal, nucleophilic activation). Comparatively, severe Cu leaching caused by radical erosion (44.8% removal, electron‐donation) is undesirable. Overall, a regulable heterogeneous catalysis is unraveled over carbon‐supported Cu sites through scaling modulation and defect engineering. This study illuminates a promising path for customizing biomass‐derived Cu‐based catalysts to achieve versatile catalysis.
A Stable Polymer‐based Solid‐State Lithium Metal Battery and its Interfacial Characteristics Revealed by Cryogenic Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lu Xinzhen , Cheng Yifeng , Li Menghao , Zou Yucheng , Zhen Cheng , Wu Duojie , Wei Xianbin , Li Xiangyan , Yang Xuming , Gu Meng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) are a promising candidate for next‐generation energy storage systems due to their intrinsic safety and high energy density. However, they still suffer from poor interfacial stability, which can incur high interfacial resistance and insufficient cycle lifespan. Herein, a novel poly(vinylidene fluoride‑hexafuoropropylene)‐based polymer electrolyte (PPE) with LiBF4 and propylene carbonate plasticizer is developed, which has a high room‐temperature ionic conductivity up to 1.15 × 10−3 S cm−1 and excellent interfacial stability. Benefitting from the stable interphase, the PPE‐based symmetric cell can operate for over 1000 h. By virtue of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (Cryo‐TEM) characterization, the high interfacial compatibility between Li metal anode and PPE is revealed. The solid electrolyte interphase is made up of an amorphous outer layer that can keep intimate contact with PPE and an inner Li2O‐dominated layer that can protect Li from continuous side reactions during battery cycling. A LiF‐rich transition layer is also discovered in the region of PPE close to Li metal anode. The feasibility of investigating interphases in polymer‐based solid‐state batteries via Cryo‐TEM techniques is demonstrated, which can be widely employed in future to rationalize the correlation between solid‐state electrolytes and battery performance from ultrafine interfacial structures.