bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum osmolality measured in fingertip capillary blood is comparable to serum osmolality measured in venous blood
Authors: Bergin-Taylor K. , Funnell M.P. , Ferguson R.A. , Mears S.A. , James L.J. 
Published: August 2023

Blood osmolality is considered the gold standard hydration assessment, but has limited application for technical and invasive reasons. Paired antecubital-venous blood and fingertip-capillary blood were collected pre- and 30 min post-drinking 600 mL water in 55 male/female participants. No bias (0.2 mOsmo/kg, limits of agreement = −2.5 to 2.8 mOsmo/kg) was found between sampling methods, with high linear correlation (Spearman’s r = 0.95, P < 0.001). Capillary blood sampling offers an accurate less-invasive method for determining serum osmolality than venous blood sampling.
Kinks in cuscuton-like models with two scalar fields
Authors: Andrade I. , Menezes R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis work deals with the presence of localized structures in relativistic systems described by two real scalar fields in two-dimensional spacetime. We consider the usual two-field model with the inclusion of the cuscuton term, which couples the fields regardless the potential. First we follow the steps of previous work to show that the system supports a first-order framework, allowing us to obtain the energy of solutions without knowing their explicit form. The cuscuton term brings versatility into the first-order equations, which gives rise to interesting modifications in the profiles of topological configurations, such as the smooth control over their slope and the internal structure of the energy density.
ISOradioLAb: an educational project on environmental radioactivity for Italian minor islands—the case study of Lampedusa and Linosa
Authors: Colucci Michele , Ambrosino Fabrizio , La Verde Giuseppe , Groppi Flavia , Pugliese Mariagabriella 
Published: August 2023

AbstractISOradioLAb is an educational project for schools of the Italian minor islands promoted by the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics. It aims to increase the population awareness of natural radioactivity by involving the students of the high schools in the measurement of indoor radon activity concentration in their schools and in some representative buildings. Within this project, questionnaires about risk perception and radon knowledge are also dispensed. With this approach students learn-by-doing and share their knowledge with friends and relatives. In this paper, we present the activities performed during the first year of the project, focused on the case study of the minor island of Lampedusa and Linosa, Agrigento (Italy). Questionnaires and radon measurements (using CR-39 and Electret) results are reported.
Orthogonal Layers of Parallelism in Large-Scale Eigenvalue Computations
Authors: Alvermann Andreas , Hager Georg , Fehske Holger 
Published: August 2023

We address the communication overhead of distributed sparse matrix-(multiple)-vector multiplication in the context of large-scale eigensolvers, using filter diagonalization as an example. The basis of our study is a performance model, which includes a communication metric that is computed directly from the matrix sparsity pattern without running any code. The performance model quantifies to which extent scalability and parallel efficiency are lost due to communication overhead.
To restore scalability, we identify two orthogonal layers of parallelism in the filter diagonalization technique. In the horizontal layer the rows of the sparse matrix are distributed across individual processes. In the vertical layer bundles of multiple vectors are distributed across separate process groups. An analysis in terms of the communication metric predicts that scalability can be restored if, and only if, one implements the two orthogonal layers of parallelism via different distributed vector layouts.
Our theoretical analysis is corroborated by benchmarks for application matrices from quantum and solid state physics, road networks, and nonlinear programming. We finally demonstrate the benefits of using orthogonal layers of parallelism with two exemplary application cases—an exciton and a strongly correlated electron system—which incur either small or large communication overhead.
Psychosocial Risk Profiles and Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Latent Profile Analysis in a Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention Setting
Authors: Shokar Navkiran K. , Dwivedi Alok , Molokwu Jennifer C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Health behavior theories have identified predictors of colorectal cancer screening. This study aimed to determine the psychosocial profiles of a predominantly Hispanic population of primarily Mexican origin receiving a colorectal cancer screening intervention and whether a specific combination of psychosocial profiles modified the effect of colorectal cancer screening intervention on colorectal cancer screening uptake.
A total of 467 participants aged 50 to 75 years due for colorectal cancer screening received an educational intervention. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was performed on baseline psychosocial constructs to identify the homogenous clustering of individuals with similar psychosocial constructs. In addition, colorectal cancer screening rates and changes in psychosocial scores between the latent groups were compared.
Three psychosocial profiles, including a low benefit and high susceptibility group (LBHS), a high benefit and low susceptibility group (HBLS), and a high barrier and high susceptibility group (HBHS), were identified in this study. The HBLS group had the lowest susceptibility, with no improvement in benefits and barriers. This group had the lowest screening rate (80.85%) compared with 88.8% in LBHS and 86.3% in HBHS following the intervention. Finally, the intervention effect size on psychosocial score changes was smaller in HBLS than in other groups.
This subgroup analysis suggests that colorectal cancer educational interventions should be tailored to improve the benefits and barriers among individuals with high susceptibility scores.

Prevention Relevance:
This LPA analysis provides some direction for tailoring colorectal cancer educational interventions to improve the benefits and barriers among individuals with high susceptibility scores in hard-to-screen populations such as our border population.
MRTX1719 Is an MTA-Cooperative PRMT5 Inhibitor That Exhibits Synthetic Lethality in Preclinical Models and Patients with MTAP-Deleted Cancer
Authors: Engstrom Lars D. , Aranda Ruth , Waters Laura , Moya Krystal , Bowcut Vickie , Vegar Laura , Trinh David , Hebbert Allan , Smith Christopher R. , Kulyk Svitlana , Lawson J. David , He Leo , Hover Laura D. , Fernandez-Banet Julio , Hallin Jill , Vanderpool Darin , Briere David M. , Blaj Alice , Marx Matthew A. , Rodon Jordi , Offin Michael , Arbour Kathryn C. , Johnson Melissa L. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Jänne Pasi A. , Haddox Candace L. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Henry Jason T. , Leventakos Konstantinos , Christensen James G. , Shazer Ronald , Olson Peter 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Previous studies implicated protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as a synthetic lethal target for MTAP-deleted (MTAP del) cancers; however, the pharmacologic characterization of small-molecule inhibitors that recapitulate the synthetic lethal phenotype has not been described. MRTX1719 selectively inhibited PRMT5 in the presence of MTA, which is elevated in MTAP del cancers, and inhibited PRMT5-dependent activity and cell viability with &gt;70-fold selecti­vity in HCT116 MTAP del compared with HCT116 MTAP wild-type (WT) cells. MRTX1719 demonstrated dose-dependent antitumor activity and inhibition of PRMT5-dependent SDMA modification in MTAP del tumors. In contrast, MRTX1719 demonstrated minimal effects on SDMA and viability in MTAP WT tumor xenografts or hematopoietic cells. MRTX1719 demonstrated marked antitumor activity across a panel of xenograft models at well-tolerated doses. Early signs of clinical activity were observed including objective responses in patients with MTAP del melanoma, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, mesothelioma, non–small cell lung cancer, and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors from the phase I/II study.

Significance:
PRMT5 was identified as a synthetic lethal target for MTAP del cancers; however, previous PRMT5 inhibitors do not selectively target this genotype. The differentiated binding mode of MRTX1719 leverages the elevated MTA in MTAP del cancers and represents a promising therapy for the ∼10% of patients with cancer with this biomarker.
See related commentary by Mulvaney, p. 2310.
This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2293
Virtual Multidisciplinary Stroke Care Clinic for Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lo Suzanne Hoi Shan , Chau Janita Pak Chun , Lau Alexander Yuk Lun , Choi Kai Chow , Shum Edward Wai Ching , Lee Vivian Wing Yan , Hung Sheung Sheung , Mok Vincent Chung Tong , Siow Elaine Kee Chen , Ching Jessica Yuet Ling , Mirchandani Kashika , Lam Simon Kwun Yu 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Stroke survivors constantly feel helpless and unprepared after discharge from hospitals. More flexible and pragmatic support are needed for their optimized recovery. We examined the effects of a virtual multidisciplinary stroke care clinic on survivors’ health and self-management outcomes.

METHODS:
A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Survivors were recruited from 10 hospitals and randomized at 1:1 ratio into the intervention or the control groups. Intervention group participants received the Virtual Multidisciplinary Stroke Care Clinic service (monthly online consultations with a nurse, follow-up phone calls, and access to an online platform). Control group participants received the usual care. Outcomes of self-efficacy (stroke self-efficacy questionnaire; primary), self-management behaviors (Stroke Self-Management Behaviors Performance Scale), social participation (reintegration to normal living index), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale; secondary) were measured at baseline, and 3 and 6 months after commencing the intervention (post-randomization). A generalized estimating equations model was used to compare the differential changes in outcomes at 3 and 6 months with respect to baseline between 2 groups.

RESULTS:
Between July 2019 and June 2022, 335 eligible participants were enrolled in the study. Participants (intervention group; n=166) showed significantly greater improvements in outcomes of self-efficacy (group-by-time interaction regression coefficient, B=4.60 [95% CI, 0.16 to 9.05]), social participation (B=5.07 [95% CI, 0.61 to 9.53]), and depression (B=−2.33 [95% CI, −4.06 to −0.61]), and no significant improvement in performance of self-management behaviors (B=3.45, [95% CI, −0.87 to 7.77]), compared with the control group (n=169) right after the intervention (6 months after its commencement). Hedges’ g effect sizes of the intervention on outcomes: 0.19 to 0.36.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results provide some positive evidence on the usefulness of the Virtual Multidisciplinary Stroke Care Clinic service. The effect sizes are regarded as small to medium, which may not be of clinical relevance. The baseline levels in outcomes were in favor of the control group, the intervention effects might be overestimated. The service must be tested further to determine its effectiveness.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1800016101.
Thrombectomy Use in the United States for Basilar Artery Occlusion in the Era of Neutral Clinical Trials: 2018 to 2020 Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Siegler James E. , Patel Karan , Taneja Kamil , Obusan Matthew B. , Koneru Manisha , Yaghi Shadi , Al‐Mufti Fawaz , Kass‐Hout Tareq , Nguyen Thanh N. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundIn 2019 and 2020, 2 randomized trials of basilar artery occlusion (BAO) thrombectomy reported no improvement in functional outcomes with thrombectomy, despite observational evidence. The objective of this study was to assess whether neutral clinical trials may have influenced BAO thrombectomy practice.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample (2018–2020) was queried for US patients with BAO, and comparisons were made between patients admitted in 2020 versus 2018 to 2019 for the primary outcome of thrombectomy. Unadjusted and adjusted multivariable regression was used, accounting for demographic and clinical covariates, with propensity‐score matching to balance clinical and hospital‐level characteristics between years.ResultsOf the 14 945 patients with BAO, 3,605 (24.1%) underwent thrombectomy,with an increase in the unadjusted rate of thrombectomy between 2020 and 2018–2019 (26.9% vs 22.9%,P= 0.04). Following multivariable adjustment, BAO thrombectomy was not independently associated with a year of treatment (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.54,P= 0.12). Thrombectomy was independently associated with having a NIHSS of 10–19 (OR: 3.67, 95% CI: 2.79–4.83,P< 0.01) or >19 (OR: 5.80, 95% CI: 4.41–7.64) versus a NIHSS of 10, while uinsured patiends hadal owe likelihood of receiving a thombectomy (OR: 0.49, 95% C: 0.26–0.92). These relationships were preserved in the PSM cohort, and admission year lacked association with thrombectomy for BAO (aOR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.83–1.45,P= 0.52).ConclusionFollowing publication of neutral BAO randomized clinical trials in late 2019 and 2020, there was no significant change in thrombectomy rate among US patients with BAO. The latest trials support thrombectomy for select patients with moderate‐to‐severe BAO symptoms, and this appears consistent with the practice of US clinicians before these trials.
Dynamic object–fruit combinations by introduced Tanimbar corellas (Cacatua goffiniana) in Singapore
Authors: Mioduszewska Berenika , O’Hara Mark , Rheindt Frank E. , Auersperg Alice M.I. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Tanimbar corellas, an important model in comparative cognition research, are endemic to the Tanimbar Islands, Indonesia, but were also introduced to several other locations with a tropical climate. Introduced psittacines offer valuable opportunities to test hypotheses at large temporal and spatial scales, such as geographic distribution of behaviours. Here, we report two opportunistic observations of Tanimbar corellas combining small wooden fragments with two types of tropical fruit (Ketapang and Pong-pong) in Singapore. The observations were recorded and uploaded to YouTube by a local bird-watcher. We analyse the behavioural similarities and differences between object combinations with the Pong-pong fruit in Singapore and extractive tool use on the Wawai fruit in Indonesia. Repeated insertions of the wooden fragment into the fruit and visible ingestion suggest that the combinatory behaviours were most likely related to foraging. This report provides first insights into the presence of advanced technical abilities in geographically separated Tanimbar corellas.
Ocean-based Climate Action and Human Rights Implications under the International Climate Change Regime
Authors: Morgera Elisa , Lennan Mitchell , Kulovesi Kati , La Bianca Giulia , Niner Holly J. , Harrould-Kolieb Ellycia , Recio Piva Eugenia , Hills Jeremy , Ntona Mara , Lancaster Alana Malinde SN , Strand Mia , Snow Bernadette , Erwin Kira , Shannon Lynne , Rees Sian , Hyder Kieran , Engelhard Georg , Howell Kerry 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
After drawing attention to the crucial role of marine biodiversity, including that of deep-sea ecosystems, in current scientific understanding of the ocean-climate nexus, this article highlights the limited extent to which the international climate change regime has so far addressed the ocean. The focus then shifts to how the international climate change regime could contribute to the protection of marine biodiversity as part of mitigation, adaptation and finance, taking into account human rights impacts and standards, drawing a comparison with REDD+. The article concludes with an original proposal, inspired by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, to develop urgent, synergistic approaches to ocean- and human rights-based climate action through a multi-actor coalition, including different international treaties and United Nations bodies, to ‘protect and restore the ocean’s contributions to climate regulation, human well-being and planetary health’.
Supermodeling: Improving Predictions with an Ensemble of Interacting Models
Authors: Schevenhoven Francine , Keenlyside Noel , Counillon François , Carrassi Alberto , Chapman William E. , Devilliers Marion , Gupta Alok , Koseki Shunya , Selten Frank , Shen Mao-Lin , Wang Shuo , Weiss Jeffrey B. , Wiegerinck Wim , Duane Gregory S. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The modeling of weather and climate has been a success story. The skill of forecasts continues to improve and model biases continue to decrease. Combining the output of multiple models has further improved forecast skill and reduced biases. But are we exploiting the full capacity of state-of-the-art models in making forecasts and projections? Supermodeling is a recent step forward in the multimodel ensemble approach. Instead of combining model output after the simulations are completed, in a supermodel individual models exchange state information as they run, influencing each other’s behavior. By learning the optimal parameters that determine how models influence each other based on past observations, model errors are reduced at an early stage before they propagate into larger scales and affect other regions and variables. The models synchronize on a common solution that through learning remains closer to the observed evolution. Effectively a new dynamical system has been created, a supermodel, that optimally combines the strengths of the constituent models. The supermodel approach has the potential to rapidly improve current state-of-the-art weather forecasts and climate predictions. In this paper we introduce supermodeling, demonstrate its potential in examples of various complexity, and discuss learning strategies. We conclude with a discussion of remaining challenges for a successful application of supermodeling in the context of state-of-the-art models. The supermodeling approach is not limited to the modeling of weather and climate, but can be applied to improve the prediction capabilities of any complex system, for which a set of different models exists.
The Effect of an Exponentially Decaying Upper-Ocean Vertical Mixing on the Pacific Tropical Sea Surface Temperature
Authors: Wang Zhuoqun , Liu Yonggang , Yin Xunqiang , Zhang Ming , Zhang Jian , Qiao Fangli 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We investigate the mechanisms with which the sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Pacific responds to the perturbation of an exponential form to the background vertical mixing of the upper ocean. For a surface value of 0.005 m2 s−1 and a scale depth of 10 m (as typically used in the so-called nonbreaking wave parameterization), it is found that only ocean temperature within the equatorial eastern Pacific (EEP) is directly impacted; surface cooling and thermocline warming anomalies are produced. These signals propagate poleward as coastal Kelvin waves and then westward as equatorial Rossby waves. The surface cooling is severely damped while the thermocline warming is able to reach the western coast. This warm anomaly is brought up to the surface by equatorial upwelling more strongly around 110°W than at other places. In the coupled model, such equatorial warming induces an El Niño–like large-scale warming through Bjerknes feedback. Increasing the surface value of vertical mixing by a factor of 10 does not increase the equatorial surface warming while increasing the scale depth to 20 m does. Increasing the scale depth generates thermocline warming also in the subtropical region, which then propagates to the equatorial thermocline and enhances the warming there. Moreover, the off-equatorial cooling is enhanced, which makes the final warming anomaly narrower meridionally compared to an El Niño pattern.
Exploring the negative impacts of artificial intelligence in government: the dark side of intelligent algorithms and cognitive machines
Authors: Valle-Cruz David , García-Contreras Rigoberto , Gil-Garcia J. Ramon 
Published: August 2023

This research proposes a framework for the negative impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) in government by classifying 14 topics of its dark side into five socio technical categories. The framework is based on a systematic literature review and highlights that the dark side is predominantly driven by political, legal, and institutional aspects, but it is also influenced by data and technology. Lack of understanding of AI outcomes, biases, and errors, as well as manipulation of intelligent algorithms and cognitive machines are contributing factors. The public sector should create knowledge about AI from an ethical, inclusive, and strategic perspective, involving experts from different areas. Points for practitioners Government officials and other decision-makers should be aware of the potential benefits of artificial intelligence, but also of the dark side, and try to avoid those potential negative consequences.
Microfracture Lateral to the Greater Tuberosity of the Humerus Enhances Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rat Rotator Cuff Model
Authors: Wang Haoliang , Guo Yawen , Zhao Yurou , Chen Qingzhong , Gong Yanpei , Jeon In-Ho , Sun Yucheng 
Published: August 2023

Background: Microfracture at the rotator cuff insertion is an established surgical marrow-stimulation technique for enhancing rotator cuff healing. However, the effect of lateralized or medialized microfracture on the insertion is unknown. Purpose: To compare the biomechanical and histologic effects of microfracture at 3 different regions for rotator cuff repair in a rat model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats with bilateral supraspinatus tendon insertion detachment were allocated into 4 groups with 4 different interventions: no microfracture at the humeral head as a control group (Con), traditional microfracture at the footprint area (MFA), and medialized microfracture to the footprint area (MMFA) on the articular surface of the humerus or lateralized microfracture to the footprint area at the greater tuberosity (LMFA). All underwent immediate repair. Tendon-to-bone healing was assessed by biomechanical and histologic tests 4 and 8 weeks postoperation. Results: At 4 weeks, the LMFA group showed a significantly superior failure load compared with the other groups (all P < .05). The LMFA and MFA groups showed significantly superior stiffness compared with the Con and MMFA groups (all P < .01). At 8 weeks, superior failure load and stiffness were observed in the LMFA group compared with the control group (all P < .05). Histologic examination revealed that the LMFA group had superior collagen composition and tendon-to-bone maturation at the interface at 4 and 8 weeks compared with the Con group (all P < .05). Conclusion: Lateralized microfracture at the greater tuberosity improved the histologic quality of repair tissue and biomechanical strength at the tendon-to-bone insertion after rotator cuff repair in a rat model. Clinical Relevance: Microfracture lateral to the footprint area might be a better way to enhance rotator cuff healing clinically.