bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative diuretic evaluation of fruit and root of Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris Linn.) in albino rats
Authors: Sudheendran Ankitha , Shajahan M. A. , Premlal S. 
Published: March 2023

Background:

Gokshura Moola (root of Tribulus terrestris Linn.) is one among the ingredients of Dashamoola, a group of ten medicinal plants principally comprising roots as the useful part. In practice instead of root, fruit of Gokshura is widely used in most of the preparations of Dashamoola in Kerala. Dashamoola occupies a significant role in a wide range of Ayurvedic formulations and holds a major share in the drug manufacturing industry. This high demand of Dashamoola, leads the use of fruit instead of its root and implies the need to compare the efficacy of root and fruit of Gokshura.

Aim:
This study is planned to assess whether fruit of Gokshura can be substituted for its root using the parameter of diuretic activity in Wistar albino rats.

Materials and methods:
Wistar albino rats were divided in to four groups. The group I control group and group II standard group was orally administered with carboxymethyl cellulose 2% in normal saline and furosemide (20 mg/kg) respectively. Group III was administered orally with decoction of Gokshura root and groups IV with Gokshura fruit decoction, with a dose of 8.64 ml/kg. The diuretic effect was evaluated by measuring urine volume, Na+, K+ and Cl− ion content in urine. The results were analyzed by applying one-way ANOVA and LSD Post hoc pairwise comparison test.

Results:
Both test drugs in group III and group IV provided significant increase in urine output when compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Decoction of Gokshura root provided a significant increase in comparison to decoction of Gokshura fruit in regards of sodium (P < 0.01), potassium (P < 0.001), and chloride ion (P < 0.05) excretion.

Conclusion:
Diuretic action of both root and fruit of Gokshura is similar in terms of urine volume, but root is more effective in the basis of ionic excretion. Hence, while treating patients suffering from ionic imbalance, it is better to use fruit of Gokshura for protecting the ionic balance during diuresis. In all other conditions, root can be used for a better diuretic activity.
Role of Haratala Shodhana in the therapeutic efficacy of Rasamanikya along with Guduchi Ghana in the treatment of Ekakushtha (psoriasis)
Authors: Parekh Dipali Narendrakumar , Bopaliya Dharmishtha , Prajapati Dilipkumar , Bedarkar Prashant , Patgiri B. J. 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Rasamanikya (RM) and Guduchi Ghana (GG) are well-known formulations for treating skin disorders in Ayurveda. The drug RM is prepared from Shuddha Haratala (processed orpiment) as a single ingredient. In the present study, RM was prepared from the Haratala, which was Shodhita, with two different media, viz., Kushmanda Swarasa and Churnodaka. In the classics, the preparation of RM is mentioned in the Kushmanda Shodhita Haratala. However, the availability and cost of Kushmanda are the main points of concern in the present era. Shodhana of Haratala by Churnodaka is more cost-effective than Kushmanda Swarasa.

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the comparative efficacy of RM prepared by Churnodaka Shodhita Haratala (CSHRM) and RM prepared by Kushmanda Shodhita Haratala (KSHRM) with GG in Ekakustha (psoriasis).

Materials and methods:
The study was a randomized double-blind study involving 76 patients with Ekakushtha that were randomly divided into two groups. Patients registered in group A (n = 37) were treated with CSHRM with GG (125 mg + 375 mg) and group B (n = 36) with KSHRM with GG (125 mg + 375 mg) for 8 weeks. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t-test were applied to evaluate the effect of therapy in the individual group for subjective criteria like the PASI score, Matsyashakalopamam (looks like the scales of a fish), Rukshata (dryness), Aswedanam (anhydrosis), Daha (burning), Strava (discharge), Unnati (raised patches), Kandu (itching), Mahavastu (broad-based), and Vaivarnya (discoloration), while the comparison of results between the groups for the same was done by applying the Coefficient of Variation (CV).

Result:
CSHRM with GG showed better results in all signs and symptoms except Matsyaskalopamam, Aswedanam, Strava, Mahavastu, Nindra and DLQI in terms of the coefficient of variation. In both groups, statistically highly significant (P > 0.001) improvement was found in the signs and symptoms of Ekakushtha. However, the difference between the groups was statistically nonsignificant.

Conclusion:

Rasamanikya prepared with both media Shodhita Haratala along with Guduchi Ghana was discovered to be a safe and effective psoriasis treatment.
Evaluation of Punarnavadi Mandura for haematinic activity against mercuric chloride-induced anemia in albino rats
Authors: Kori V. K. , Ravishankar B. , Patel K. S. 
Published: March 2023

Background:

Punarnavadi Mandura, a compound Ayurvedic formulation, is one of the most commonly used medicine in the treatment of anemia (Pandu) in Ayurveda. The safety profile of this formulation is well established; however, no pharmacological study has been reported to provide the scientific basis for its use in the treatment of anemia.

Aim:
To evaluate the hematinic effect of Punarnavadi Mandura against mercuric chloride-induced anemia in albino rats.

Materials and methods:
The test drug (Punarnavadi Mandura) was suspended in distilled water and administered orally in a dose of 450 mg/kg for 30 days in rats. Anemia was induced by simultaneous administration of mercuric chloride (9 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. Body weight was noted for each animals. At the end, haematological parameters, anaemia markers like serum iron, ferritin, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC), as well as relative weight of organs and histopathology investigation, were examined.

Results:
Exposure of mercuric chloride to rats for 30 days resulted in a significant decrease of body weight, an increase in the weight of the liver and kidney and a decrease in hemoglobin content. It also decreased serum ferritin to a significant extent and increased serum TIBC. Histopathology of the liver shows macro fatty changes, vacuolization, marked necrosis, and severe degenerative changes, while the kidney shows cell infiltration. All these changes were significantly attenuated by the administration of Punarnavadi Mandura.

Conclusion:
The present data indicate that Punarnavadi Mandura has possessing marked cytoprotective activity, significantly attenuated the HgCl2-induced adverse changes on red blood cell related parameters, and showing hematinic activity in albino rats.
Efficacy of external application of oil and gel dosage forms of Aragvadhadi formulation in combination with Rasayana Churna in the management of Shwitra (vitiligo) - An open-labeled comparative clinical trial
Authors: Makwana Sarika , Parekh Dipali , Bedarkar Prashant , Patgiri Biswajyoti 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Aragvadhadi Taila (ART) is one of the herbomineral formulations mentioned in Chakradatta indicated in Shwitra (vitiligo). Modification of Taila form into gel form reduces the risk of contamination in view of arsenical contents (Manahshila, Haratala) assures precise dose administration at desired site (by avoiding spreading). The gel is a comparatively acceptable dosage form than that of medicated oil.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the comparative efficacy of Aragvadhadi formulation in Taila (ART: Aragvadhadi Taila) and gel (ARG: Aragvadhadi gel) dosage forms with the internal administration of Rasayana Churna in the management of Shwitra.

Materials and methods:
The study was a randomized open labeled, involving 66 patients of Shwitra that were randomly divided into two groups. Patients registered in group A (n = 34) were treated with local applications of ART and group B (n = 32) with ARG for 2 months. Rasayana Churna (3 g), along with the equal quantity of honey and Ghrita was given twice a day after the meal in both groups. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied to evaluate the effect of therapy in the individual group for subjective criteria like vitiligo area scoring index score, size and number of patches, Rukshata (dryness), Saparidaha (burning sensation), Bahalatva (thickening), Kandu (itching) while the comparison of results between the groups for the same by applying Coefficient of Variation (CV).

Results:
Group B showed better and consistent results in all signs and symptoms except Rukshata, Saparidaha in terms of Coefficient of Variation. In both the groups, statistically highly significant improvement was found in signs and symptoms of Shwitra such as Saparidaha, Kandu, size of patches and number of patches; however, the difference between the groups was statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
Both the forms (ART, ARG) of Aragvadhadi formulation along with Rasayana Churna were found as a safe and effective treatment in vitiligo with significant pigment regeneration capacity as topical use for application over 2 months.
Dhatri Lauha in the management of iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Srikanth Narayanam , Rao Bhogavalli Chandrasekhara , Yadav Babita , Rai Amit Kumar , Jameela Sophia , Rana Rakesh Kumar , Singhal Richa , Khanduri Shruti , Sharma Bhagwan Sahai , Makhija Pratap 
Published: March 2023

Background:
The burden of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) remains persistently high in India due to the poor tolerability of oral iron supplementation. Therefore, more focus is required to explore traditional medicine for safe and effective options for managing IDA.

Aim:
To assess the clinical safety and efficacy of Dhatri Lauha in patients with IDA.

Materials and methods:
An open-label, prospective, single-arm, multi-center trial was conducted at 12 centers with a sample size of 40 participants per study site. Patients with IDA aged 18-60 years with hemoglobin levels in the range of 6-10gm/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) <34 μg/dl, serum ferritin <30 μg/dl and serum iron <50 μg/dl were included in the study. Dhatri Lauha 500 mg capsule was administered twice daily with lukewarm water after meals for 45 days. The primary outcome measure was the change in hemoglobin (Hb%) level from baseline to day 45. Secondary outcome measures included the change in MCV, MCHC, serum iron and ferritin levels, incidence of adverse events, and change in safety parameters (liver and kidney function tests). The mean (statistical) change in outcome measures from baseline to day 45 was compared using a paired sample t-test.

Results:
Out of 458 participants enrolled in the study, 400 contributed to the final analysis. A significant difference was observed in the outcome parameters such as Hb%, MCV, MCHC, serum ferritin, and serum iron levels (P < 0.001) after 45 days of treatment. Mean Hb% changed from 8.46 ± 1.14 g/dl at baseline to 9.18 ± 1.61 g/dl on day 45 (P < 0.001). LFT and KFT were within the normal limits after the study period. No participant withdrew from the study due to adverse events.

Conclusions:

Dhatri Lauha is a safe intervention and can be expected to improve hemoglobin levels, red blood cell parameters, and iron stores in patients with IDA. Future RCTs with a larger sample size, standard care as control and a longer follow-up may produce more accurate and reliable results.
Pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and molecular studies of an important medicinal herb Achillea millefolium L.
Authors: Kumar Prasanna , Shruthi R. , Bindu I. , Raghavendra P. 
Published: March 2023

Background:

Achillea millefolium L. is traditionally important medicinal herb used for the treatment of various ailments from the centuries. Recent studies showed its biological activities on hay fever, hepato-biliary disorders, and as appetite enhancing drug. It is also reported to be used for the treatments of skin inflammations, wounds, cuts, and abrasions.

Aim:
To investigate preliminary pharmacognostical, phytochemical, and molecular parameters of aerial parts of the drug.

Materials and methods:

A. millefolium was identified and collected from the Himalaya region. The material is properly dried, macro-and microscopic evaluation, phytochemical and molecular studies as per the standard quality control and WHO guidelines.

Results:
The leaves are pinnately lobed, inflorescence compound corymbose. Nonglandular trichomes are uni-seriate, multicellular, and smooth walled; glandular trichomes are bicellular, present throughout the aerial parts. The endodermis is evident in the stem and leaf mesophyll is equifacial. The partial genome sequence analysis showed similarity toward studied species, which can clearly distinguish it from other species of the genus Achillea. The best chromatographic separation was observed with ascentis express C18, 2.7 μm, 100 mm × 4.6 mm. The flavonoids and phenolic acids have shown maximum absorbance at 330 nm. The system suitability parameters such as theoretical plate, tailing factor, and resolution met the acceptance criteria with United States pharmacopeia (USP).

Conclusion:
The findings of this study will be helpful for the precise identification of the raw drug of A. millefolium from its closely allied species.
Efficacy of Vamana Karma (therapeutic emesis) followed by Darvyadi Kwatha (herbal decoction) in the management of prediabetes (Prameha) - A single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Yadav Uttamram , Bhatted Santosh Kumar 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Prediabetes is an alarming condition to control and prevent from developing diabetes mellitus which occurs due to the change in lifestyle and food habits. Timely untreated prediabetes turn into type-2 diabetes mellitus within a year and systemic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy could occur and in later stage multi system damage could take place.

Aims:
The ai of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Vamana Karma (therapeutic emesis) with Ikshuvaku Yoga and followed by oral administration of Darvyadi Kwatha (herbal decoction) in the management of prediabetes.

Materials and methods:
After approval of IEC and registration under clinical trial registry of India, 20 patients suffering from prediabetes were registered in the trial. Diagnosis criteria were hemoglobin A1c (HBA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and assessment criteria includes HBA1c, FBS, PPBS, along with improvement in Agnibala (strength of digestion and metabolism), Dehabala (physical strength) and Satvabala (mental strength), relief sign and symptom of prediabetes (Prameha), and improvement in quality of life (SF-36 Score). Classical Vamana Karma followed by oral administration of Darvyadi Kwatha was done. Total duration of treatment was 45 days and last follow-up was done on the 120th day. Student's t– test was used for the analysis of parametric data.

Results:
After the treatment were observed that there is improvement in subjective as well as in objective parameters. Statistically highly significant result was observed in HBA1c (BT [day 0] Mean score 6.25 and AT [day 120] 5.63 [P < 0.001]), FBS (BT [day 0] mean score 120.05 and AT [day 120] 93.31 [P < 0.001]) and PPBS (BT [day 0] mean score 165.26 and AT [day 120] 112.84 [P < 0.001]), sign and symptoms of Prameha, Dehabala, Agnibala, Satvabala, and quality of life (SF-36 Score).

Conclusion:
The present clinical study concludes that therapeutic emesis (bio purification) followed by Darvyadi Kwatha as internal medicine shows significant result in treating prediabetes (Prameha) safely and effectively also control and prevent developing diabetes mellitus. None of the patient converted to diabetes mellitus on the day 120.
The efficacy of diet supplemented with Lepidium sativum (Chandrashoor) on expressed breast milk volume in hypogalactic mothers – An open-label noncross-over randomized trial
Authors: Ranade Manjiri , Mudgalkar Nikhil 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Hypogalactia is the common condition, especially in preterm deliveries. Some herbs in Indian medicines such as Lepidium sativum L. (L. sativum) have galactogogeus effects. The galactogogeus effect of L. sativum (Chandrashoora) has not been quantified in randomized control trials in humans till date. We intend to study the galactogogeus effects of L. sativum in hypogalactic mothers through an open-label noncross-over trial.

Materials and methods:
The target population were women who had delivered infants <32 weeks gestation with no lower limit to gestational age and their babies admitted in neonatal intensive care unit for prematurity. Participants who were taking specific drugs as a result of their primary illnesses, such as chemotherapy, sedatives, or antiseziure medications, were excluded. The randomization was achieved with computer-generated random number table. The experimental group (n = 23) received 2.5 g of L. sativum (Chandrashoora) seeds each day, soaked in luke warm water for half an hour in the morning, along with instructions about how to take the seeds. The control group did not receive any medication (n = 23). According to the institutional procedure, participants were trained to express breast milk six times using a breast pump. The amount of milk extracted was measured every day for 28 days. The difference in milk production between the two groups at 28 days was the primary endpoint. The secondary endpoint was to asses if any of the trial medicines had any adverse drug effects.

Results:
A total of 46 participants completed the study till 28 days. In both groups, demographic factors were comparable. The study group surpassed the control group in terms of breast milk volume slowly and reached statistical significance (P = 0.00002) after 28 days of therapy. No adverse drug effects were reported by the participants.

Conclusion:
There was statistically significant improvement in breast milk production at 28 days in hypogalactic mothers in the experimental group. L. sativum can be used as cheap alternatives to costly medicines to improve lactation with minimal costs and no adverse drug reactions.
Evaluation of nutritional value and antioxidant activity of Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. root and leaf
Authors: Durgadas Sarvade Dattatray , Rabinarayan Acharya 
Published: March 2023

Background:

Hanshia dabar or hathkan is one of the folklore plant of Odisha, the botanical source of which is Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem., family Vitaceae. Its root and leaves are eaten as vegetables, and used for Rasayana purpose (tonic and alterative properties).

Aim:
The aim is to assess the nutritive value and antioxidant potential of the root and leaves of L. macrophylla with compound leaf.

Materials and methods:
Nutritional parameters such as energy value, carbohydrate, protein, true protein, fat, mineral contents, and Vitamin A, Vitamin C of the root and leaves of the plant were evaluated with standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant properties of the root and leaf of L. macrophylla were screened through 1,1diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, and phosphomolybdenum assay.

Results:
Root is having higher energy value (391.87 Kcal/100 g) as compared to leaf (353.62 Kcal/100 g). L. macrophylla root and leaf showed the presence of carbohydrates (30.65% and 21.72%), protein (8.78% and 9.37%), true protein (6.85% and 7.23%), fat (0.77% and 1.89%), iron (723.80 ppm and 285.07 ppm), zinc (26.51 ppm and 13.75 ppm), manganese (44.88 ppm and 35.00 ppm), phosphorous (0.07 ppm and 0.03 ppm), calcium (7806.90 ppm and 3862.80 ppm), Vitamin A (3.63 mg/g and 2.47 mg/g), and Vitamin C (8.49 mg/g and 6.7 mg/g), respectively. Percentage scavenging of DPPH radical was found to rise with an increase in concentration. IC50 values of root and leaf, by DPPH assay, were 66.46 and 110.68 μg/ml, respectively. In the FRAP assay, the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of leaf (507.06 μmol/l) was found to be more than root (455.93 μmol/l). The total antioxidant capacity of root and leaf were 20.15 and 17.90 mg, equivalent to ascorbic acid on a dry weight basis, respectively.

Conclusion:
Root and leaf of L. macrophylla has the highest energy value, contains carbohydrate, protein, fat, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorous, calcium, Vitamin A, and Vitamin C, and possesses antioxidant capacity.
Antifertility effect of methanolic extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. flower in male albino rats
Authors: Parween Shaista , Kausar Hena , Alam Imtiyaz , Nehar Shamshun 
Published: March 2023

Background:
Search for an effective, feasible, and safe male contraceptive has been one of the major public health challenges. The present contraceptive methods are either permanent or impractical. Herbal methods are considered safe, and thus, their acceptability is higher than other prospective methods.

Aims:
In the present study, oral administration of methanolic extract of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. flower was investigated for its potential role in the modulation of fertility in male albino rats.

Materials and methods:
Healthy male albino rats were randomly distributed into three groups, i.e., a control and two groups administered with 50 and 500 mg/kg body weight/day of methanolic extract of B. monosperma flower for 30, 90, and 180 days, respectively. Fertility records were maintained throughout the experimental period. At the end of experiment, animals were sacrificed and the weight of reproductive organs, sperm characteristics, and histopathology of testicular and epididymal tissues were evaluated. A 45-day withdrawal period was also investigated for parameters as described above for each group.

Results:
A 40% decline in fertility rate was evident in rats administered with 500 mg/kg of B. monosperma flower extract for 180 consecutive days. A significant reduction in testicular and epididymal weight was observed in these animals. Sperm count, motility, and viability were also reduced significantly in animals treated for 180 days. Histological evaluation of testicular cells indicated distortions in germ cell arrangements at various stages of spermatogenesis. Following 45 days of withdrawal, the resumption of normal functional and histological characteristics was apparent.

Conclusion:
Based on the abnormalities present in the sperm characteristics and damages in testicular histology, it was confirmed that methanolic extract of B. monosperma flower contain antifertility potential.
Decisional Authority' and Compliance in Cosmetic Limb Lengthening
Authors: Guichet Jean-Marc , Parisi Maria Grazia , Salamino Ferdinando 
Published: March 2023

Introduction:
Cosmetic lengthening are heavy procedures, often undervalued by patients, decided for psychological improvements of their life and not for diseases or deformities. The surgical trauma can induce a subconscious freeze stress response; at that moment, the 'emotional brain' takes over the 'rational brain' for actions. Previous trauma or archaic imprints resurge and constitute references for these actions. Rational thoughts are lost. As a result, patients take the Decisional Authority over the surgeon for treatment decisions and become non-compliant to guidelines of the surgeon who is the 'knowledgeable person' in the treatment. Reaction patterns are 'Fight', 'Flight' or 'Fright'.

Materials and Methods:
A series of 288 cosmetic lengthening with fully weight bearing nails pointed out the patients reaction patterns, some failures of traditional psychological and psychiatric evaluations, the need for treating previous trauma (e.g. the 'Fast-Reset' technique) and having a strong physical and psychological coaching to secure a constant result.

Results:
Lies, sometimes difficult to detect, and deviations from guidelines generate complications, some resulting in new surgeries. Real responsibility of the patient in complications should be evaluated.

Conclusions:
Separating the patient and surgeon responsibilities will help to better anticipate and support deviating patients, in order to secure a faster and optimised physical and psychological results, and a quieter Patient-Doctor relation.