bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegan/vegetarian diet and human milk donation: An EMBA survey across European milk banks
Authors: Gandino Serena , Bzikowska‐Jura Agnieszka , Karcz Karolina , Cassidy Tanya , Wesolowska Aleksandra , Królak‐Olejnik Barbara , Klotz Daniel , Arslanoglu Sertac , Picaud Jean‐Charles , Boquien Clair‐Yves , Bertino Enrico , Moro Guido E. , Weaver Gillian 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe nutritional adequacy of human milk (HM) from vegan/vegetarian mothers has been a matter of debate, and a variety of recommendations regarding the eligibility of these mothers as human milk donors exists. According to the latest evidence, HM from vegans/vegetarians is similar in its composition to that from omnivores, however, some differences may be observed regarding vitamin B12 and omega‐3 fatty acids concentrations. Maternal supplementation of these compounds has been proven effective in increasing their HM concentration. With this survey, we aimed to explore the practices currently in use in European human milk banks (HMBs) regarding potential donors following vegan/vegetarian diets. The online survey was distributed to European HMBs between January and July 2022. A total of 188 HMBs were contacted, and 118 replied (response rate 63%). Vegan and vegetarian mothers were recommended supplements of vitamin B12 to be accepted as donors in 27% and 26% of HMBs, respectively. Additional omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation was required in 8% HMBs. In the remaining HMBs, these mothers were either systematically excluded or included regardless of supplementation. The dosage of the recommended supplements was extremely variable. Fifty‐one percent of HMBs were following recommendations to guide their practice, national or local recommendations mainly. Great variability in European HMBs practices towards potential donors following vegan/vegetarian diets exists. Some of these practices can result in loss of donors and/or in potential nutritional deficiencies. Standardised evidence‐based recommendations on this issue and their implementation in daily HMB practice are needed.
Diagnostic accuracy of severe periodontitis for Ramfjord teeth based on different classifications
Authors: Shi Jiahong , Zhou Nan , He Biyu , Hong Xin , Guo Wei , Jiang Lishan , Wang Chenchen , Lei Lang , Li Houxuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of Ramfjord teeth (RT) protocol for the diagnosis of severe periodontitis based on different classifications and explore the misclassification bias such as teeth loss.MethodsPatients (n = 435) receiving full‐mouth periodontal examination (FMPE) were included. Patients were classified as severe (stage III/IV) periodontitis and no/mild/moderate (no/stage I/II) periodontitis according to the case definition proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP)‐(CDC/AAP), a new classification introduced by AAP and the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP)‐(AAP/EFP), and consensus of Chinese experts (CCE). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden's index, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) compared with FMPE were evaluated.ResultsThe specificity of RT was 86.8%, 92.2%, and 77.1% when compared with FMPE protocol based on CDC/AAP, AAP/EFP, and CCE classifications, while the AUROC value was 0.934, 0.961, and 0.886 specifically. The loss of the first molar leads to the greatest reduction in the detection rate of severe periodontitis.ConclusionsRT showed the highest specificity based on the new AAP/EFP classification. The loss of the first molar leads to the greatest reduction in the detection rate of severe periodontitis.
Error traps in the perioperative management of children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hoagland M. , Duggar B. , Hamrick J. , Alonso G. Todd , Martin L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPatients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) require insulin administration at all times to maintain euglycemia and metabolic stability. Insulin administration in the perioperative period is complicated by fasting requirements and perioperative stressors that can change the patient's insulin needs. In addition, many anesthesia providers are not familiar with insulin dosing strategies and technology, such as insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors (CGMs), that are commonly used by patients with T1D. Errors in perioperative insulin administration can lead to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and diabetic ketoacidosis. This article reviews common errors of associated with the perioperative management of patients with T1D, including failure to assess and coordinate patient care preoperatively; failure to understand diabetes management and technology; failure to monitor blood glucose and recognize dysglycemia; and failure to appropriately administer basal insulin.
YouTube as a source of information on infantile colic
Authors: Demirtas Mehmet Semih , Alici Nurettin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundYouTube is increasingly used by patients and parents as a source of information in the field of health. The aim of the study was to measure the quality and reliability levels of the videos published in English on infantile colic (IC) uploaded on YouTube.MethodsA YouTube search was achieved by two authors using the key words “infantile colic,” “baby”, “colic”, “children” and “treatment”. Along with the general features of the videos, their quality and reliability were evaluated according to the global quality score (GQS), modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) score.ResultsAmong the 55 videos included in the study, 25 (55.6%) were high quality, 19 (42.2%) medium quality and 11 (2.2%) low quality. The mDISCERN and GQS scores of the videos in the useful group were higher than those in the misleading group (p < 0.001). Videos uploaded by academic institutes and physicians had higher mDISCERN and GQS scores than other groups (p = 0.045, p = 0.005) and positive correlation detected between mDISCERN and GQS scores (p < 0.001).ConclusionIC videos broadcasted on YouTube, whose usage rates are increasing with the COVID‐19 pandemic, are a useful data source for patients/parents. Digital video resources provided by academic institutions, universities and healthcare professionals can assist physicians and parents in IC pathophysiology and treatment.
Temporal unpredictability increases error monitoring as revealed by EEG–EMG investigation
Authors: Korolczuk I. , Burle B. , Coull J. T. , Ogińska H. , Ociepka M. , Senderecka M. , Śmigasiewicz K. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractReacting in an unpredictable context increases error monitoring as evidenced by greater error‐related negativity (ERN), an electrophysiological marker linked to an evaluation of response outcomes. We investigated whether ERN also increased when participants evaluated their responses to events that appeared in unpredictable versus predictable moments in time. We complemented electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis of cortical activity by measuring performance monitoring processes at the peripheral level using electromyography (EMG). Specifically, we used EMG data to quantify how temporal unpredictability would affect motor time (MT), the interval between the onset of muscle activity, and the mechanical response. MT increases following errors, indexing online error detection, and an attempt to stop incorrect actions. In our temporally cued version of the stop‐signal task, symbolic cues predicted (temporally predictable condition) or not (temporally unpredictable condition) the onset of a target. In 25% of trials, an auditory signal occurred shortly after the target presentation, informing participants that they should inhibit their response completely. Response times were slower, and fewer inhibitory errors were made during temporally unpredictable than predictable trials, indicating enhanced control of unwanted actions when target onset time was unknown. Importantly, the ERN to inhibitory errors was greater in temporally unpredictable relative to temporally predictable conditions. Similarly, EMG data revealed prolonged MT when reactions to temporally unpredictable targets had not been stopped. Taken together, our results show that a temporally unpredictable environment increases the control of unwanted actions, both at cortical and peripheral levels, suggesting a higher subjective cost of maladaptive responses to temporally uncertain events.
Pathogenesis of the crosstalk between reproductive function and stress in animals—part 1: Hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis, sympatho‐adrenomedullary system and kisspeptin
Authors: Kaiser Marianne , Jaillardon Laetitia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractStress is defined as a disruption of the body homeostasis in response to modest as well as perceived challenge. Two main physiological routes, the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system (HPA) and the sympatho‐adrenomedullary system (SAM), aim to maintain or restore homeostasis by mutual interaction. SAM is quickly‐reacting as it primarily works through the nervous system—the sympathetic nervous system. In response to stress, signals are sent to activate the adrenal medulla which releases catecholamines (primarily adrenaline and norepinephrine). The catecholamines have a momentary effect on the body's organs that are prepared for a fight situation. At the same time, the stressor activates the HPA axis by signals from the brain causing secretion of the pituitary hormone adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH acts on the adrenal cortex, which secretes glucocorticoids, including cortisol. Since HPA primarily works through hormones, the system is slightly slower than SAM and gives rise to a metabolic effect. While short‐term stress response is an adaptive and beneficial process, chronic or excessive stress can lead to a range of negative health outcomes including reproductive disorders and infertility. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between stress and reproduction. This includes in particular kisspeptin, which is closely related to reproduction, as it is a powerful stimulator of the Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) system. The present review, through current knowledge in various male and female species, deals with the role of the SAM and the HPA, including the major action of kisspeptin and glucocorticoids that trigger the consequences of psychological or physiological stress on reproductive function.
Empirical and instance‐dependent estimation of Markov chain and mixing time
Authors: Wolfer Geoffrey 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe address the problem of estimating the mixing time of a Markov chain from a single trajectory of observations. Unlike most previous works which employed Hilbert space methods to estimate spectral gaps, we opt for an approach based on contraction with respect to total variation. Specifically, we estimate the contraction coefficient introduced in Wolfer (2020), inspired from Dobrushin's. This quantity, unlike the spectral gap, controls the mixing time up to strong universal constants and remains applicable to nonreversible chains. We improve existing fully data‐dependent confidence intervals around this contraction coefficient, which are both easier to compute and thinner than spectral counterparts. Furthermore, we introduce a novel analysis beyond the worst‐case scenario by leveraging additional information about the transition matrix. This allows us to derive instance‐dependent rates for estimating the matrix with respect to the induced uniform norm, and some of its mixing properties.
Sex differences in hemodynamic response to high‐intensity interval exercise
Authors: Coe Leah Noël , Astorino Todd Anthony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSex differences in the cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic response to exercise exist due to differences in heart size, blood volume, and hemoglobin mass, eliciting higher maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in men versus women. Data are equivocal whether sex differences in training responsiveness occur. This study investigated potential sex differences in the hemodynamic response (stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO)) to high‐intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Habitually active men (n = 15) and women (n = 13) underwent VO2max testing, followed by three HIIE sessions consisting of the 4 × 4, 10 × 1, and reduced exertion high‐intensity training (REHIT), whose order was randomized. During exercise, oxygen uptake (VO2) and hemodynamic responses were determined. Results showed no sex difference in peak relative VO2 (p = 0.263), CO (p = 0.277), or SV (p = 0.116), although absolute values were higher in men (p < 0.05). Peak absolute (127.3 ± 20.6 vs. 115.2 ± 16.6 mL/beat, p = 0.004, d = 0.66) and relative SV (111.0 ± 15.5 vs. 100.7 ± 11.1% max, p = 0.005, d = 0.78) were higher with REHIT versus 4 × 4. No sex differences in mean relative VO2, CO, or SV occurred (p > 0.05). Data showed lower mean VO2 during REHIT versus 4 × 4 (59.3 ± 6.8 vs. 65.8 ± 5.8 %VO2max, p < 0.001, d = 1.05) and 10 × 1 (59.3 ± 6.8 vs. 69.1 ± 7.4 %VO2max, p < 0.001, d = 1.4). Mean CO was lower in REHIT than 10 × 1 (79.8 ± 8.6 vs. 84.0 ± 7.4% max, p = 0.012, d = 0.53). Previously reported differences in VO2max response to HIIE may not be due to unique hemodynamic responses.
Public understandings of welfare and the economy: Who knows what and does it relate to political attitudes?
Authors: Eichhorn Jan , Kenealy Daniel , Bennett Hayley 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious studies have revealed significant gaps in the UK public's knowledge about the welfare state and the economy. However, we know little about which groups of the population know more, and which less. Drawing on survey evidence, we confirm that many people overstimate both the size of unemployment provision and levels of benefit fraud, and also make mistakes when answering factual questions about finance, employment rights, and benefit entitlements. While men, older people and university degree holders demonstrate slightly better knowledge on average, substantial differences appear when we distinguish specific domains of knowledge. For example, women know more about benefits, but men more about finance. We argue that understanding patterns of economic knowledge requires more complex engagement than has been undertaken to date. This is important because we find that knowledge is linked to political attitudes, with those who are more supportive of the welfare state – and those who tend to emphasise the government's role in the delivery of public services – more likely to demonstrate greater levels of knowledge.
Integration of African countries in regional and global value chains: Static and dynamic patterns
Authors: Mensah Emmanuel B. , Van Biesebroeck Johannes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study the geographic concentration of trade flows of African countries using information on the global input–output structure of trade from the Eora database. Most countries show a similar concentration between close‐by versus long‐distance trade in their foreign input sourcing as in their export sales. However, changes over the last two decades indicate that many countries increasingly focus their long‐distance trade on only one of these two dimensions. This trend is most pronounced in manufacturing industries with stronger global value chains. In line with the learning‐by‐exporting hypothesis, export success on distant markets is a leading predictor (Granger causes) of regional export success. Only in light manufacturing do we find some evidence of a reverse pattern, that is, regional exports preceding global exports.
Trade and value chain participation: Domestic firms and FDI spillovers in Africa
Authors: Hoekman Bernard , Sanfilippo Marco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractData on the location of foreign direct investment (FDI) projects within and across African nations are combined with firm‐level survey data and information on sectoral input–output relationships to assess what types of FDI are more likely to influence participation in global value chains (GVCs) and to investigate the relationship between FDI and the performance of proximate domestic firms. Firm‐level analysis finds evidence of vertical spillovers from exposure to FDI, mainly in the manufacturing sector: domestic firms located near FDI projects that offer potential supply or demand linkages are more likely to engage in trade through imports or exports. Proximity to FDI projects in the same sector (horizontal linkage) is less likely to affect trade or GVC performance of domestic firms. Both vertical and horizontal FDI linkages are associated with higher labour productivity and other dimensions of performance.
Pendular mechanism determinants and elastic energy usage during walking of obese and non‐obese children
Authors: Peyré‐Tartaruga Leonardo Alexandre , Oliveira Henrique Bianchi , Dewolf Arthur H. , Buzzachera Cosme Franklim , Martinez Flávia Gomes , Ivaniski‐Mello André 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe mechanical and metabolic responses of walking by obese children are not yet well understood. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the pendular mechanism (recovery, phase shift by α and β values, and ratio between forward and vertical mechanical work), the maximum possible elastic energy usage and the bilateral coordination during walking between non‐obese and obese children, and (2) to verify if the bilateral coordination could contribute to understanding the pendular mechanism and elastic energy usage in these populations. Nine obese (six female, 8.7 ± 0.5 years, 1.38 ± 0.04 m, 44.4 ± 6.3 kg and 24.1 ± 3.50 kg/m2) and eight non‐obese (four female, 7.4 ± 0.5 years, 1.31 ± 0.08 m, 26.6 ± 2.1 kg and 16.4 ± 1.40 kg/m2) children were analysed during walking on a treadmill at five speeds: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 km/h. The results indicated that although the mechanical energy response of the centre of mass during walking is similar between obese and non‐obese children, the obese children showed a lower pendulum‐like mechanism and greater elastic energy usage during level walking. Therefore, obese children seem to use more elastic energy during walking compared to non‐obese children, which may be related to their apparent higher positive work production during the double support phase. Finally, bilateral coordination presented high values at slow speeds in both groups and requires further attention due to its association with falls.
The Influence of Menstrual-Cycle Phase on Measures of Recovery Status in Endurance Athletes: The Female Endurance Athlete Project
Authors: De Martin Topranin Virginia , Engseth Tina Pettersen , Hrozanova Maria , Taylor Madison , Sandbakk Øyvind , Noordhof Dionne A. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To investigate the influence of menstrual-cycle (MC) phase on measures of recovery status, that is, resting heart rate, perceived sleep quality, and physical and mental readiness to train, among female endurance athletes. Methods: Daily data were recorded during 1 to 4 MCs (ie, duration ≥21 and ≤35 d, ovulatory, luteal phase ≥10 d) of 41 trained-to-elite-level female endurance athletes (mean [SD]: age 27 [8] y, weekly training: 9 [3] h). Resting heart rate was assessed daily using a standardized protocol, while perceived sleep quality and physical and mental readiness to train were assessed using a visual analog scale (1–10). Four MC phases (early follicular phase [EFP], late follicular phase, ovulatory phase, and midluteal phase [MLP]) were determined using the calendar-based counting method and urinary ovulation-prediction test. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. Results: Resting heart rate was significantly higher in MLP (1.7 beats·min−1, P = .006) compared with EFP without significant differences between the other MC phases. Perceived sleep quality was impaired in MLP compared with late follicular phase (−0.3, P = .035). Physical readiness to train was lower both in ovulatory phase (−0.6, P = .015) and MLP (−0.5, P = .026) compared with EFP. Mental readiness to train did not show any significant differences between MC phases (P > .05). Conclusions: Although significant, the findings had negligible to small effect sizes, indicating that MC phase is likely not the main determinant of changes in measures of recovery status but, rather, one of the many possible stressors.
Simultaneous carbon catabolite repression governs sugar and aromatic co-utilization in
Pseudomonas putida
M2
Authors: Shrestha Shilva , Awasthi Deepika , Chen Yan , Gin Jennifer , Petzold Christopher J. , Adams Paul D. , Simmons Blake A. , Singer Steven W. 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
have emerged as promising biocatalysts for the conversion of sugars and aromatic compounds obtained from lignocellulosic biomass. Understanding the role of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) in these strains is critical to optimize biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. The CCR functioning in
P. putida
M2, a strain capable of consuming both hexose and pentose sugars as well as aromatic compounds, was investigated by cultivation experiments, proteomics, and CRISPRi-based gene repression. Strain M2 co-utilized sugars and aromatic compounds simultaneously; however, during cultivation with glucose and aromatic compounds (
p-
coumarate and ferulate) mixture, intermediates (4-hydroxybenzoate and vanillate) accumulated, and substrate consumption was incomplete. In contrast, xylose-aromatic consumption resulted in transient intermediate accumulation and complete aromatic consumption, while xylose was incompletely consumed. Proteomics analysis revealed that glucose exerted stronger repression than xylose on the aromatic catabolic proteins. Key glucose (Eda) and xylose (XylX) catabolic proteins were also identified at lower abundance during cultivation with aromatic compounds implying simultaneous catabolite repression by sugars and aromatic compounds. Reduction of
crc
expression via CRISPRi led to faster growth and glucose and
p
-coumarate uptake in the CRISPRi strains compared to the control, while no difference was observed on xylose+
p
-coumarate. The increased abundances of Eda and amino acid biosynthesis proteins in the CRISPRi strain further supported these observations. Lastly, small RNAs (sRNAs) sequencing results showed that CrcY and CrcZ homologues levels in M2, previously identified in
P. putida
strains, were lower under strong CCR (glucose+
p
-coumarate) condition compared to when repression was absent (
p
-coumarate or glucose only).

IMPORTANCE

A newly isolated
Pseudomonas putida
strain,
P. putida
M2, can utilize both hexose and pentose sugars as well as aromatic compounds making it a promising host for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Pseudomonads have developed a regulatory strategy, carbon catabolite repression, to control the assimilation of carbon sources in the environment. Carbon catabolite repression may impede the simultaneous and complete metabolism of sugars and aromatic compounds present in lignocellulosic biomass and hinder the development of an efficient industrial biocatalyst. This study provides insight into the cellular physiology and proteome during mixed-substrate utilization in
P. putida
M2. The phenotypic and proteomics results demonstrated simultaneous catabolite repression in the sugar-aromatic mixtures, while the CRISPRi and sRNA sequencing demonstrated the potential role of the
crc
gene and small RNAs in carbon catabolite repression.