bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Barriers and ways to overcome them when using an etonogestrel implant for contraception
Authors: Oboskalova T. A. , Vorontsova A. V. , Rosyuk E. A. , Koval M. V. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. One of the ways to increase adherence to contraceptives is to switch to prolonged contraceptives that do not require daily use.Objective. Identify barriers to the use of Implanon by doctors and patients.Materials and methods. At the first stage, we analyzed the results of using LARC with etonogestrel with 44 patients in the period from 2016–2019. Then, using Google-Forms, we conducted an online survey of 36 women of reproductive age (18–49 years old). At the third stage, we evaluated the results of a survey of 27 obstetricians and gynecologists who were trained in the “Clinical training program for the introduction and removal of a subcutaneous contraceptive implant (radiopaque implant, 68 mg of etonogestrel)” in Yekaterinburg. Microsoft Office Exel 2016 application software packages were used for statistical data processing.Results. The majority of women – 80% (32) – wished to use implant with etonogestrel repeatedly. Women lack complete and real information about a subcutaneous implant with etonogestrel, which reduces the possibility of its use as a highly effective method of contraception. After the Implanon insertion/removal training, only 2 doctors (7.4%) voiced concerns about self-administration of the drug, and 25 (92.6%) cadets were ready for the introduction of a subcutaneous implant in practice and did not experience anxiety and fears before manipulation.Conclusions. The main barrier in choosing an implant with etonogestrel n among women was low awareness of the mechanism of action, benefits and possible side effects of an implant with etonogestrel. Preliminary training-training of obstetricians and gynecologists with the possibility of self-administration of the drug on a dummy in conditions close to real, significantly increases the commitment of specialists to the use of the drug.
Echosonography’s accuracy of intrauterine pathology’s diagnostics in reproductive-age women
Authors: Ivanov I. A. , Kostуukov K. V. , Chernukha G. E. 
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Accuracy of transvaginal sonography (TVS) is substantial as the first-line approach of intrauterine pathology diagnostics. However, TVS has some limitations and factors that reduce its accuracy have not been definitively determined.Aim. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of echography in intrauterine pathology and identify factors affecting it. Materials and methods. The study included 250 women who underwent hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy: 128 with endometrial polyps (EP), 33 with endometrial hyperplasia (EH), 28 with chronic endometritis (CE) and 60 women without endometrial pathology.Results. The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in diagnosis of EP was 64.8% and 77.9%, respectively, EH – 64.7% and 89.8%, CE – 39.3% and 90.1%. Cumulative intrauterine pathology’s sensitivity reached 94.7%, and the specificity – 15.0%, which indicates a significant amount of false positive results. The lowest accuracy was in CE, EP less than 0.6 cm and in the absence of abnormal uterine bleeding.Conclusions. TVS has limitations in verifying a specific diagnosis and characterized by both hyper- and hypodiagnosis. The clinician should take into account the size of the EP and the presence of symptoms for choosing optimal management.
A case of successful delivery in a patient with large uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Yashchuk A. G. , Fatkullina D. A. , Yanbarisova A. R. , Berdigulova E. F. , Gurova Z. G. , Iskandarova A. R. , Gainanova Z. F. 
Published: April 2023

Uterine leiomyoma occurs in women over 35 years of age in 25–30% and in pregnant women in about 3–12%. However, in 10% of pregnant women, it turns out to be an accidental finding and is detected by ultrasound examination in the first trimester of pregnancy Approximately 10–30% of pregnant women with uterine leiomyoma have complications during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. The article demonstrates a case of successful delivery in a patient with uterine myoma at full-term pregnancy with preservation of reproductive function in a maternity hospital of the 3rd level. In the period of 38–39 weeks, the patient was hospitalized in the maternity hospital. By the decision of the council, the pregnant woman was prepared for a planned operative delivery. A lower median laparotomy was performed for adequate access. Performed caesarean section in the lower segment according to Defler. During the operation, a live, full-term girl weighing 3600 g and height 53 cm, 7/8 points on the Apgar scale was extracted. On the left, along the anterior surface of the uterus in the bottom area, a subserous myomatous node on a pedicle is determined, measuring 300*220*150 mm. Blunt and sharp dissection of adhesions was performed, followed by removal of a myomatous node weighing more than 1 kg. The postoperative period was uneventful. The patient was discharged on the 5th day. In our clinical case, a successful myomectomy was performed during a planned caesarean section. This type of surgery can be considered a safe option in carefully selected cases and a cost-effective method. However, this method should be performed by experienced surgeons who are skilled in the technique and take into account the size and location of the myomatous node.
NIIF andamiaje normativo de la contabilidad de costo en la gestión financiera de las Pymes
Authors: Soto Aguirre Neirys , Falconí Mónica 
Published: April 2023

El IASB (International Accounting Standards Board) creo las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) para minimizar a través de la homogeneización las múltiples diferencias presentes en los países, estas regulaciones estandarizados aplican en todas las ciencias contables, incluyendo la contabilidad de costo, esa que permite cuantificar los valores de los recursos utilizados, cuyas técnicas proveen el orden de la información monetaria, dotando a la gestión del análisis sobre la actividad económica y la dirección en la que debe ir si desea mejorar su eficiencia económica, ahora bien, es necesario cumplir con las regulaciones contables, razón por la cual, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal describir y categorizar de las normas contables NIIF para Pymes vinculadas con la contabilidad de costos, para esto realizamos una investigación de carácter documental, soportada en un estudio exploratorio realizado en el año 2022, de carácter descriptivo, en el contexto local del Ecuador. Como hallazgos principal se determinó que aún hay pymes que no aplican las NIIF. Llegándose a determinar cómo consideración final, la necesidad de superar la debilidad procedimental, normativa y de regulaciones que presentan algunas pymes en el Ecuador mediante el entendimiento y la praxis de estas normas relacionados con los costos, la intención es contribuir tanto al crecimiento como la formación de los gerentes de las Pymes.
A Trainable Open-Source Machine Learning Accelerometer Activity Recognition Toolbox: Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Wieland Fluri , Nigg Claudio 
Published: April 2023

Background
The accuracy of movement determination software in current activity trackers is insufficient for scientific applications, which are also not open-source.

Objective
To address this issue, we developed an accurate, trainable, and open-source smartphone-based activity-tracking toolbox that consists of an Android app (HumanActivityRecorder) and 2 different deep learning algorithms that can be adapted to new behaviors.

Methods
We employed a semisupervised deep learning approach to identify the different classes of activity based on accelerometry and gyroscope data, using both our own data and open competition data.

Results
Our approach is robust against variation in sampling rate and sensor dimensional input and achieved an accuracy of around 87% in classifying 6 different behaviors on both our own recorded data and the MotionSense data. However, if the dimension-adaptive neural architecture model is tested on our own data, the accuracy drops to 26%, which demonstrates the superiority of our algorithm, which performs at 63% on the MotionSense data used to train the dimension-adaptive neural architecture model.

Conclusions
HumanActivityRecorder is a versatile, retrainable, open-source, and accurate toolbox that is continually tested on new data. This enables researchers to adapt to the behavior being measured and achieve repeatability in scientific studies.
Few-Shot Learning for Clinical Natural Language Processing Using Siamese Neural Networks: Algorithm Development and Validation Study
Authors: Oniani David , Chandrasekar Premkumar , Sivarajkumar Sonish , Wang Yanshan 
Published: April 2023

Background
Natural language processing (NLP) has become an emerging technology in health care that leverages a large amount of free-text data in electronic health records to improve patient care, support clinical decisions, and facilitate clinical and translational science research. Recently, deep learning has achieved state-of-the-art performance in many clinical NLP tasks. However, training deep learning models often requires large, annotated data sets, which are normally not publicly available and can be time-consuming to build in clinical domains. Working with smaller annotated data sets is typical in clinical NLP; therefore, ensuring that deep learning models perform well is crucial for real-world clinical NLP applications. A widely adopted approach is fine-tuning existing pretrained language models, but these attempts fall short when the training data set contains only a few annotated samples. Few-shot learning (FSL) has recently been investigated to tackle this problem. Siamese neural network (SNN) has been widely used as an FSL approach in computer vision but has not been studied well in NLP. Furthermore, the literature on its applications in clinical domains is scarce.

Objective
The aim of our study is to propose and evaluate SNN-based approaches for few-shot clinical NLP tasks.

Methods
We propose 2 SNN-based FSL approaches, including pretrained SNN and SNN with second-order embeddings. We evaluate the proposed approaches on the clinical sentence classification task. We experiment with 3 few-shot settings, including 4-shot, 8-shot, and 16-shot learning. The clinical NLP task is benchmarked using the following 4 pretrained language models: bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), BERT for biomedical text mining (BioBERT), BioBERT trained on clinical notes (BioClinicalBERT), and generative pretrained transformer 2 (GPT-2). We also present a performance comparison between SNN-based approaches and the prompt-based GPT-2 approach.

Results
In 4-shot sentence classification tasks, GPT-2 had the highest precision (0.63), but its recall (0.38) and F score (0.42) were lower than those of BioBERT-based pretrained SNN (0.45 and 0.46, respectively). In both 8-shot and 16-shot settings, SNN-based approaches outperformed GPT-2 in all 3 metrics of precision, recall, and F score.

Conclusions
The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed SNN approaches for few-shot clinical NLP tasks.
Rare clinical forms of chronic brucellosis
Authors: Pshenichnaya N. Yu. , Gopatsa G. V. , Sergeeva T. V. 
Published: April 2023

Brucellosis is the most common and severe infectious disease in the group of zoonotic infections. This disease is characterized by a multisysitemic lesion. The difficulties in diagnosing this disease are associated with the pathogenetic features of the development of brucellosis, namely prolonged bacteremia, which causes the development of secondary foci of infection in various organs and tissues, manifested by a variety of clinical manifestations, the erasure of symptoms of the disease, as well as the appearance of rare clinical forms of brucellosis.One of the rare clinical manifestations of chronic brucellosis is the defeat of the cardiovascular system and the defeat of the nervous system. According to the latest literature data, cardiovascular complications of brucellosis in humans account for only 3%, but are the main cause of death in 80%. Damage to the nervous system is rare, with a registered frequency of 3% to 13%.Clinical manifestations of neurobrucellosis are diverse and can mimic many other neurological diseases. The most common manifestations of brucellosis may be meningitis, meningoencephalitis. Despite the rare occurrence, these forms of the disease are severe, lead to disability and mortality with late diagnosis. The article presents clinical cases of brucellosis with lesions of the heart and central nervous system.
En kristendomsform der ikke-troen hører til: Teologisk counter-conduct i dag
Authors: Wyller Trygve 
Published: April 2023

The chapter discusses whether the Foucauldian counter conduct concept also has a theological relevance today. In his analysis, Foucault located counter conduct as a practice, which reformatted and reconstructed the prevailing pastoral power. The intention was to strengthen individual independency in faith issues and to reduce the powers of ecclesial hierarchy.
One section in the article presents current interpretations of non-conventional ecclesial practices, from Norway and from Sweden. The discussion part presents significant perspectives from the so-called Scandinavian Creation Theology (SCT). The SCT gives theological prominence also to issues that seem not be directly relevant for faith matters. Everyday life issues are interpreted as aspects which are of strong significance for theology. This means that also what seems to be non-faith practices are theologically important.
The final discussion in the article that a practice where Muslims are given a prayer room within the basement of a Lutheran church in Sweden can be interpreted as contemporary, theological counter-conducts. The practice gives significance to people not pertaining to Christian faith. But it also recognizes the life forms of people as relevant for a Christian church. The conclusion is that recognizing non-faith as part of what is ecclesial relevant, can be seen as theological counter conducts today. This practice recognizes people’s identity and reduces ecclesial hierarchies.
COMPORTAMENTO DE XYLOCOPA ORDINARIA SMITH (HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE) NA POLINIZAÇÃO DE ESPÉCIES EM DUAS COMUNIDADES VEGETAIS DE RESTINGA DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL
Authors: Verçoza Fábio de Castro 
Published: April 2023

Neste trabalho é descrito o comportamento intrafloral desempenhado por Xylocopa ordinaria Smith (Hymenoptera, Apidae) e sua efetividade na polinização de Canavalia rosea (Sw.) DC., Crotalaria vitellina Ker Gawl., Sophora tomentosa L., Senna australis (Vell.) Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae), Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae) e Opuntia monacantha (Willd.) Haw. (Cactaceae) na restinga de Grumari, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, no período de março de 2010 a dezembro de 2011. Os registros foram efetuados no período diurno, através do método do indivíduo-focal proposto por Altmann (1974), considerando a capacidade das abelhas de transportarem pólen sobre seus corpos, sua fidelidade floral e sua capacidade de contatar as anteras e o estigma. Dados referentes à biologia floral das espécies de plantas visitadas, tais como morfologia, cor e odor entre outras são apresentados.
RISCO DE INFECÇÃO POR TOXOPLASMA PELA INGESTÃO DE LEITE CRU E DERIVADOS CONTAMINADOS E VENDIDOS NO COMÉRCIO INFORMAL
Authors: Medeiros Mildred Ferreira 
Published: April 2023

O presente estudo realizado a partir de levantamento bibliográfico de dados objetivou esclarecer a comunidade acadêmica sobre os riscos de infecção humana por Toxoplasma gondii quando da ocorrência da ingestão de leite, queijos e outros laticínios contaminados vendidos no mercado informal. O parasita Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) é um protozoário coccídeo unicelular flagelado que infecta um terço da população mundial, causando a toxoplasmose- doença que pode ser assintomática, mas que pode desenvolver sintomas variados tais como febre, dor de cabeça, confusão mental, anormalidades na visão, falta de coordenação e convulsões; gestantes podem sofrer abortamento ou os bebês podem nascer com icterícia, surdez, macrocefalia, microcefalia e crises convulsivas. Entre as formas de prevenção, não ingerir leite não pasteurizado é uma importante estratégia inserida nas normas de profilaxia para essa doença. O produtor de leite e derivados de leite deve atentar para a legislação que regulamenta as condições de criação pecuária e de fabricação destes produtos para serem comercializados sem riscos á saúde da população. Conclui-se que a inspeção sanitária proporciona segurança alimentar e proporciona melhorias ao produto comercializado, conferindo credibilidade ao produtor comerciante.
Methods of Objectifying Cough
Authors: Andrej Miert , Renata Pecova 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Cough is one of the most common symptoms encountered by clinicians. Attempts to measure cough date back to early 1950s and since then, significant progress has been made in understanding cough and many methods have been developed. Methods for cough measurement can be divided into subjective and objective methods and further according to the aspect of cough they assess. Subjective methods for cough assessment provide us with information about patient’s personal experiences of cough and about psychosocial aspect of cough. Most widely used subjective methods include cough severity visual analogue scale, cough severity diaries, and various quality of life questionnaires. Objective methods for cough assessment focus mainly on cough frequency and on cough reflex sensitivity. Most widely used methods from this group include cough monitors and cough inhalation challenges. This review focuses on the most widely used cough measurement methods and points out their advantages and limitations for use in research and clinical practice. The ability to measure cough in clinical and research conditions could be used to determine treatment outcomes, to test new therapies, and to further study pathophysiology and physiology of cough.
Is Nasal Nitric Oxide Measurement an Useful Diagnostic Tool in Respiratory Diseases?
Authors: Miroslava Lucanska , Peter Kunc , Renata Pecova 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Nasal nitric oxide (nNO), discovered in exhaled air in 1991, is produced in the nose and paranasal sinuses. This small gaseous molecule plays various roles in the organism, e.g. the first line defense through its antiviral and antimicrobial activity, stimulation of ciliary motility, regulation of pulmonary function. The measurement of nNO has become a diagnostic tool in various diagnoses, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and others. In this article, we discuss the potential benefit of nNO measurement in diagnosis and monitoring of various respiratory diseases.
Search for Molecular Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease. New Tissues and Methods
Authors: Peter Racay 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that is clinically manifested by motor and non-motor symptoms. At the early stage of the disease, it can be misdiagnosed with some neurologic disorders due to overlapping or similar clinical features. In addition, the pathogenesis of this disease is initiated several years prior to the appearance of classical motor symptoms. This latent phase of neurodegeneration in PD characterised at cellular level by preservation of significant fraction of dopaminergic neurones is of particular interest with respect to the development of disease-modifying or neuroprotective therapies which would require intervention at the earliest stages of disease with an aim to slow down or reverse the disease progression. Therefore, huge effort was performed in order to find and validate a biomarker that would reliably differentiate PD from other neurologic diseases as well as a biomarker that would reveal preclinical/prodromal stage of PD. This short review summarises a recent progress in validation of molecular biomarkers of PD, distinct from genetic markers of PD, with some focus on new analysed tissues and new methods.
Quantitatively comparing elite formation over a century: ministers and judges
Authors: Hogan John , Feeney Sharon , O’Rourke Brendan K. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper employs elite formation quantitative indices to directly and transparently compare the role of the Irish secondary school system in the formation of Ireland’s political and judicial elites, over its history as an independent country (1922–2022). Whereas other elite studies have tended to compare either the same elite formation systems or the same elites, across countries, we examine the eliteness, influence and exclusiveness of one formation system in the creation of two very different societal elites. Our results suggest that the secondary schools that educated Ireland’s superior court judges were significantly more elite and influential than those that educated its cabinet ministers. Additionally, the vast majority of the secondary schools that educated superior court judges, and about 30 per cent of those that educated cabinet ministers, were fee-paying schools, a category of school that constitutes only a tiny fraction of the secondary schools in the country.
Effects of capacity building on rural women involvement in Climate Smart Agriculture initiatives in Rivers state, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeanyi-obi Chinwoke C. , Akwiwu Uzoamaka N. , Uche Chima , Abuta Chigozie A. , Onwusika Adaobi I. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The study assessed the effects of capacity building on rural women involvement in Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA)initiative in Rivers State, Nigeria. Respondents were leaders of rural women cooperative societies in Rivers State who were randomly selected from 23 Local Government Areas in the State. Structured questionnaire administration and Key Informant Interview was used to collect data while frequency counts, mean and percentages were employed to analyze the data collected. Results showed that the rural women interviewed were mostly adults, as majority (71.8%) were within the age range of 40 - 59 years. Majority (62.52%) were engaged in business/trading and other non-agricultural income generating activities, such as civil service (21.89%), income from pensions (3.13%), while 12.5% of the respondents had no other income generating activity aside farming. Some (40.63%) of the rural women had Senior Secondary Certificate as the highest form of education. Only 43.75% were aware of CSA, with 62.51% of them indicating low level of CSA knowledge. The major CSA management practices they know include mixed farming (50.0%), crop management practices (40.63%), application of indigenous knowledge and practices (25.0%) and soil management practices (25.0%). Approximately 84% have not attended CSA training before now. All the rural women (100%) used for the study upheld that CSA training is helpful in improving their CSA knowledge, imparted their readiness to adopt CSA practices (94%) and equipped them to be more involved in CSA initiative (100%). The major effects of capacity building on rural women involvement in CSA initiative are better knowledge of CSA for increased use of CSA practices (X̄ = 3.72), capacity to add value to their farm products (X̄= 3.69) and capacity to train others on CSA practices (X̄= 3.50). Regular training on CSA components by both government and private agencies could help in strengthening and sustaining rural women active participation in CSA initiative in the state and beyond.