bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variational quantum one-class classifier
Authors: Park Gunhee , Huh Joonsuk , Park Daniel K 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
One-class classification (OCC) is a fundamental problem in pattern recognition with a wide range of applications. This work presents a semi-supervised quantum machine learning algorithm for such a problem, which we call a variational quantum one-class classifier (VQOCC). The algorithm is suitable for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computing because the VQOCC trains a fully-parameterized quantum autoencoder with a normal dataset and does not require decoding. The performance of the VQOCC is compared with that of the one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM), the kernel principal component analysis (PCA), and the deep convolutional autoencoder (DCAE) using handwritten digit and Fashion-MNIST datasets. The numerical experiment examined various structures of VQOCC by varying data encoding, the number of parameterized quantum circuit layers, and the size of the latent feature space. The benchmark shows that the classification performance of VQOCC is comparable to that of OC-SVM and PCA, although the number of model parameters grows only logarithmically with the data size. The quantum algorithm outperformed DCAE in most cases under similar training conditions. Therefore, our algorithm constitutes an extremely compact and effective machine learning model for OCC.
Non-volatile memory storage in tri-layer structures using the intrinsically ferromagnetic semiconductors GdN and DyN
Authors: Devese Sam , Pot Catherine , Natali Franck , Granville Simon , Plank Natalie , Ruck Ben J , Joe Trodahl H , Holmes-Hewett William 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We report on the potential use of the intrinsic ferromagnetic rare earth nitride (REN) semiconductors as ferromagnetic electrodes in tunnelling magnetoresistance and giant magnetoresistance device structures for non-volatile memory storage devices. Non-volatile memory elements utilising magnetic materials have been an industry standard for decades. However, the typical metallic ferromagnets and dilute magnetic semiconductors used lack the ability to independently tune the magnetic and electronic properties. In this regard, the rare earth nitride series offer an ultimately tuneable group of materials. Here we have fabricated two tri-layer structures using intrinsically ferromagnetic rare earth nitride semiconductors as the ferromagnetic layers. We have demonstrated both a non-volatile magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) and an in-plane conduction device using GdN and DyN as the ferromagnetic layers, with a maximum difference in resistive states of ∼1.2% at zero-field. GdN and DyN layers were shown to be sufficiently decoupled and individual magnetic transitions were observed for each ferromagnetic layer.
Analysis of Industry-Related Payments Among Physician Editors of Pathology Journals
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W , Martin Amarilis A , Larson Allison R , Gehrie Eric A , Silver Julie K , Booth Garrett S 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectivesGender inequities in editorial board representation and physician compensation are well documented, but few studies have focused on how editors of journals are compensated.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we examined industry-related compensation (from 2014 to 2020) among physician editors of 35 pathology journals using publicly available data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Open Payments Database.ResultsOf the physician editors included, 135 (69.9%) were men and 58 (30.1%) were women. Similar percentages of men and women physicians who were eligible received payments (112/135 [83.0%] men and 51/58 [87.9%] women; P = .38, χ2 test). Of the total transfer of value ($211,192,532), 112 men received $192,727,555 (91.3%), and 51 women received $18,464,978 (8.7%). Mean total payment per person was $1,720,782 for men and $362,058 for women (P = .05). The payment range for men was $18-$47,568,400 and the range of payments for women was $31-$2,375,637.ConclusionsThe findings highlight significant gender inequities in industry-related payments to physician editors of pathology journals. The financial relationships of journal editors and industry deserve further study, particularly as they relate to advancing science and closing both workforce and patient care inequities.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship of violaceoid D, a cytotoxic alkylated phenol isolated fromAspergillus violaceofuscusGasperini
Authors: Shoji Atsushi , Arai Yuka , Asakawa Ryuki , Saito Tatsuo , Kuramochi Kouji , Yajima Arata 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTThe enantioselective synthesis of violaceoid D, a cytotoxic phenolic compound isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus violaceofuscus Gasperini, was achieved. The total synthesis involves stereoselective construction of the stereogenic center of violaceoid D via Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, followed by Smiles rearrangement. The absolute configuration of natural violaceoid D was determined to be R from the specific rotation value. Synthesized violaceoid D and its analogs were evaluated for cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines, Jurkat and HCT116. Because the enantiomer of violaceoid D showed no cytotoxicity, it is plausible that violaceoid D binds selectively to specific target molecules, such as proteins in the cancer cells.
‘They Wouldn’t Believe Me’: Giving a Voice to British South Asian Male Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Gill Aisha K , Begum Hannah 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBritish South Asian male child sexual abuse (CSA) survivors face a twofold problem: lack of research on this phenomenon and limited service provision. First, male CSA survivors have traditionally been marginalized in favour of female CSA survivors, a group that forms the basis of most academic research and to whom the majority of counselling and support services in the UK cater (Rapsey et al. 2020). The centrality of these female experiences, although crucial to understanding CSA survivor experiences in general, has eclipsed the specific narratives of male survivors. Second, despite the UK’s incredibly multicultural population, people from minoritized backgrounds still experience institutional forms of racism that are entrenched in service provision and research and that lead to racialized and Eurocentric perspectives and practices (Singh 2019). This article thus seeks to expand on the existing body of literature on male CSA in minoritized groups. It illuminates the experiences of male survivors from British South Asian communities, creating space for the much-needed voices of a critically under-researched group.
Secure and Compact Elliptic Curve Scalar Multiplication with Optimized Inversion
Authors: Jin Yaoan , Miyaji Atsuko 
Published: January 2023

AbstractElliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is a typical public key cryptography technique that can ensure equivalent security with considerably smaller key sizes than Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA). Hence, various implementations based on ECC are recommended for block chain and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Because elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM) is a fundamental computation in ECC, enhancing the security and efficiency of ECSM is important. ECSM specifies a scalar multiplication algorithm and elliptic curve addition formulae. Elliptic curve addition formulae on affine coordinates are compact from a memory cost perspective but weak against side channel attacks. Elliptic curve complete addition (CA) formulae can achieve secure ECSMs but are inefficient. A newly proposed secure ECSM, which uses a right-to-left (RL) scalar multiplication algorithm and (extended) affine coordinates, takes advantage of elliptic curve addition formulae on affine coordinates. However, it can only scan the input scalars from right to left. We propose new ECSMs, which can scan the input scalars from left to right (LR) based on (extended) affine coordinates. We also prove that our LR ECSMs satisfy secure generality without requiring exceptional computations. We enhance the efficiency of both LR and RL ECSMs with optimized inversion. Our LR ECSM with a memory of 12 field elements reduces that of the Montgomery ladder and Joye’s LR with CA formulae by 36.84% and that of 2-ary RL with (extended) affine coordinates by 14.29%, respectively. Our compact ECSMs are fit for applications on IoT devices and block chain, with a critical memory requirement.
Massive left ventricular pseudoaneurysm presenting as dysphagia: a case report
Authors: Pirzada Ashar , Styles Kim , Stewart Robbie 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a recognized, however, uncommon presentation of acute myocardial infarction in the current era. This is due to early reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm after myocardial infarction can present in a variety of ways, including heart failure, chest pain, and dyspnoea.

Case summary
We present a case of a 61-year-old male who presented with extremely atypical symptoms of dysphagia and weight loss due to a massive left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. Transthoracic echocardiogram and computed tomography revealed a large pseudoaneurysm causing mass effect on multiple gastrointestinal organs. Organic causes for dysphagia and weight loss were ruled out by gastroscopy. Surgical management was carried out but was ultimately unsuccessful.

Discussion
Despite the heterogeneity in presentation for patients with left ventricular pseudoaneurysm, rapid diagnosis is important for management and prognosis. Diagnostic tools include transthoracic echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Management is usually surgical; however, there is some debate in the literature regarding conservative vs. surgical management for chronic pseudoaneurysms. More data are needed to determine optimal management strategies and prognosis for patients with left ventricular pseudoaneurysms.
Transcending the body: music, chastity and ecstasy in Reni’s St Cecilia playing the violin
Authors: Harris Sigrid 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
After St Cecilia’s reportedly incorrupt body was excavated in Rome in 1599, Cardinal Paolo Emilio Sfondrato commissioned a series of artworks in her honour. The last of these, Guido Reni’s St Cecilia playing the violin (1606), shows her gazing upwards, violin in hand, in a state of musical ecstasy. Highlighting the importance of this painting, which thus far has received little attention from musicologists, this article seeks to unpack the ambiguities inherent in Reni’s portrayal of the virgin martyr as a violinist. Taking the complex tradition linking Cecilia with music as a point of departure, the article examines the portrait in the context of contemporary attitudes to spiritual listening and women’s performance. This brings into focus the network of ideas about music-induced transcendence that would have informed visual readings of the painting; conversely, it also shows that the virginal saint was not immune to sensualizing interpretations. Finally, the study explores the ways in which the portrait references the saint’s miraculous body, suggesting that Reni sought to emphasize Cecilia’s sacred chastity and to gesture towards a numinous music unknowable by the senses.
Aleatoric governance: using lotteries to break the iron law of oligarchy
Authors: Doehne Malte , Geweke Jonas , Rost Katja 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Michels’ iron law of oligarchy states that political organizations tend inexorably towards oligarchy, to the likely detriment of the organizations themselves and, by extension, to the detriment of society more broadly. We suggest focal randomization as a historically proven countermeasure: a lottery decides who wins promotion from a preselected pool of highly qualified candidates. We draw on a historical case to assess the efficacy of focal randomization in eroding power monopolization and elite closure in 18th-century Basel, Switzerland. To combat widespread nepotism, starting in 1688, the city implemented a series of partly randomized selection regimes that were routinely applied in executive appointments to the city’s administration until 1798. Using data on all 2,587 appointments to the main governing body of the city between 1650 and 1798, we analyse how each selection regime affected elite closure. Our findings indicate that the targeted use of elements of chance in executive appointments eroded the elite’s ability to monopolize access to the highest political positions. Before the introduction of focal randomization, candidates from Basel’s elite were 4 times more likely to be appointed to top positions than candidates from non-elite families. After the introduction of focal randomization, the elites’ advantages declined, and members of non-elite families tripled their chances of advancing to the highest office. However, our study also cautions that this effect depended on several design choices. Focal randomization is effective in settings in which a surplus of qualified candidates competes for a limited number of coveted positions.
A qualitative study on stigma experienced by young adults living with sickle cell disease in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Okoibhole Lydia O , Ebenso Bassey 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of multisystem, genetic and stigmatising blood conditions that are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Health-related stigma is a negative experience or adverse social judgement about a group based on an enduring feature conferred by a particular health problem. Literature shows that stigmatisation is experienced by people with SCD with negative implications on their lives. This study investigated self-reported views and lived experiences of young adults in Accra, Ghana, regarding SCD-related stigma and its impact on their lives.

Methods
Data were collected from 19 males and females with SCD using semi-structured individual interviews and focus group discussions. Transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clark's framework for thematic analysis.

Results
Five themes were identified: exclusion; status loss; SCD misconceptions; internalised stigma; and stigma and health outcomes. Overall, interpersonal and institutional levels of stigma were evident throughout the data with a lack of public education, limited specialist care and religion acting as determinants of SCD-related stigma.

Conclusions
Stigma has detrimental consequences for young adults with SCD. Multilevel stigmatisation of SCD at interpersonal and institutional levels should be addressed through multipronged approaches including increased public education, investment in specialist healthcare and collaboration with socioreligious institutions. Further research is needed to investigate the experiences of young adults in rural Ghana.
Effects of injectable vitamin C at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance of early-weaned beef steers
Authors: Beenken-Bobb Aubree M , Dornbach Colten W , Deters Erin L , Shike Daniel W , Hansen Stephanie L , McCann Joshua C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of injectable vitamin C (VC) at weaning and prior to transit on growth performance and immune function in early-weaned beef steers. On day 0, 91 Angus × Simmental steers (92 ± 4 kg) were weaned (65 ± 11 d of age), given vaccination boosters, blocked by age, and randomly assigned to weaning (WEAN) treatments: intramuscular injections (20 mL per steer) of VC (250-mg sodium ascorbate per mL; 5 g per steer) or saline (SAL). From days 0 to 48, steers were housed at the Dixon Springs Agricultural Center (Simpson, IL) in pens (six pens; N = 14 to 16 steers per pen) equipped with two to three Vytelle bunks to measure individual daily feed disappearance. On day 49, half of the steers in each WEAN treatment were randomly assigned to an additional injection treatment (20 mL per steer) of VC or SAL prior to transport (TRANS). After administering pretransit injections, all steers were loaded onto a commercial livestock trailer with equal representation of treatments across compartments. Steers were transported for 6 h (approximately 480 km) to the Illinois Beef and Sheep Field Laboratory (Urbana, IL). Upon arrival, steers were sorted into pens (six pens; N = 13 to 17 steers per pen) with 2 Vytelle bunks per pen. Steers were weighed on days 0, 1, 14, 48, 49, 64, 78, 106, and 107. Blood was collected (WEAN = 24 steers per treatment; TRANS = 12 steers per treatment) on days 0, 1, 2, 14, 49 (pre- and posttransit), 50, and 51. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS 9.4 with fixed effects of age block, WEAN, TRANS, and WEAN × TRANS. Plasma ascorbate concentrations were greater (WEAN × time P &lt; 0.01) on days 1 and 2 for steers that received VC at weaning. Similarly, for steers that received VC on day 49 pretransit, ascorbate concentrations were greater (TRANS × time P = 0.04) on days 49 posttransit, 50, and 51. Treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.13) body weight, average daily gain, or gain to feed throughout the trial. Serum Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1 and 2 antibody titers on days 14 and 51 were not affected (P ≥ 0.32) by treatment. Injectable VC administered to early-weaned beef steers at the time of weaning or pretransit increased plasma ascorbate concentrations but did not improve growth performance or antibody response to vaccination booster.
A review of the effect of nutrient and energy restriction during late gestation on beef cattle offspring growth and development
Authors: Waldon Naomi , Nickles Kirsten , Parker Anthony , Swanson Kendall , Relling Alejandro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChanges in the environment, including nutritional changes, can influence fetal and postnatal development of the offspring, which can result in differences in growth, metabolism, reproduction, and health later in life. In beef cattle research on energy and protein restriction during late gestation appears to be contradictory. Therefore, in this review, we will examine the nutrient requirements recommended for this period. We are summarizing contradictory data on effects on offspring performance with possible explanations of the reason for why the data seems contradictory. We will finish by discussing some areas that we consider important for further research to increase the knowledge on how maternal nutrition influences offspring development. In particular, suggestions are provided on the need for more accurately measuring nutrient and energy supply and use and the impact on subsequent epigenetic effects. This will improve understanding of nutritional effects during gestation on offspring performance.
Effects of injectable vitamin E before or after transit on receiving phase growth performance, health, and blood parameters of beef steers
Authors: Dornbach Colten W , Beenken-Bobb Aubree M , Shike Daniel W , Hansen Stephanie L , McCann Joshua C 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe objective was to determine the effects of injectable vitamin E (VE) before or after transit on feedlot cattle receiving performance, health, and blood parameters. Angus × Simmental steers (n = 196; body weight [BW] = 163 ± 29 kg) were utilized in a randomized complete block design. Steers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: intramuscular injections of saline pre- and post-transit (CON), intramuscular injections of VE (2,000 mg d-α-tocopherol) pre-transit and saline post-transit (PRE), or intramuscular injections of saline pre-transit and VE (2,000 mg d-α-tocopherol) post-transit (POST). Pre-transit injections were administered on day 0, and steers were transported on day 7 for approximately 4 h (348 km). After arrival, steers were fed a common corn silage-based diet in GrowSafe bunks. Final BW tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for CON steers compared with POST steers while PRE steers were intermediate. From days 7 to 63, treatment affected average daily gain (ADG) with PRE and CON steers exhibiting (P = 0.04) greater ADG compared with POST steers. Dry matter intake (DMI), water intake, and gain to feed from days 7 to 63 were not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by treatment. Day 0 serum α-tocopherol concentrations were considered marginal (2.3 ± 0.2 mg/l). A treatment × day interaction (P &lt; 0.01) was observed for serum α-tocopherol concentrations. Serum α-tocopherol concentrations were greatest for PRE steers on day 7 (prior to and post-transit), but greater for POST steers on dys 10 and 14. Plasma ferric-reducing antioxidant potential concentrations increased (P = 0.04) for POST steers compared with CON steers and PRE steers being intermediate. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations exhibited a treatment × day interaction (P = 0.04) with CON and POST steers being 16% and 14% greater than PRE steers on day 14, respectively. On day 21, NEFA concentrations were greatest for POST steers compared with PRE steers and CON steers being intermediate. There was no main effect (P ≥ 0.14) of treatment on the number of bovine respiratory disease morbidity treatments. Hair cortisol concentrations were decreased (P &lt; 0.01) 14 days after transit for PRE and POST steers compared with CON steers. Overall, injectable VE administered before or after transit increased serum tocopherol concentrations while reducing stress, but did not improve the growth performance of beef steers during the receiving phase.
Effect of substitution of distillers grains and glycerin for steam–flaked corn in finishing cattle diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics
Authors: Larson Haley E , Jaderborg Jeff P , Paulus-Compart Devan M , Crawford Grant I , DiCostanzo Alfredo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of substituting modified corn distillers grains with solubles (DGS) or crude soy glycerin (CG) for steam–flaked corn (SFC) in finishing diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial with DGS (0% or 40%) and CG (0% or 10%) replacing dietary SFC in a basal diet. Growth performance and carcass traits were measured on 48 individually fed crossbred yearling cattle (21 steers and 27 heifers; 380 ± 37 kg). Cattle were randomly allotted to 48 Calan gate bunks. After the first 28 days, nine animals were removed from the study for health reasons or observed confirmation of consumption of feed from unassigned Calan gate bunk (n = 39). After the feeding period, cattle were harvested in two groups on day-124 and day-173. No DGS × CG interactions were observed (P &gt; 0.10) for any dependent growth performance or carcass characteristic variable tested. Cattle-fed DGS as 40% of diet dry matter (DM) had greater (P&lt; 0.01) dry matter intake (DMI), while CG inclusion at 10% of diet DM did not affect DMI (P = 0.16). Carcass–adjusted average daily gain (ADG) was not affected by DGS (P = 0.73) or CG (P = 0.28). Decreased (P = 0.03) carcass–adjusted gain-to-feed (G:F) was observed as the main effect of DGS. Greater DMI resulting from feeding DGS as 40% of diet DM appears to have driven the tendency for reduced G:F. Hot carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, 12th rib fat depth, yield grade, and marbling score were not (P&gt; 0.10) influenced by DGS or CG. However, kidney, pelvic, fat (KPH) was increased (P = 0.01) when cattle were fed DGS as 40% of diet DM. Based on the findings presented, it is concluded that CG can substitute up to 10% of SFC in the diet without negatively affecting cattle growth performance or carcass characteristics, regardless of DGS inclusion as 40% of the diet DM.