bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The fractional $$p\,$$-biharmonic systems: optimal Poincaré constants, unique continuation and inverse problems
Authors: Kar Manas , Railo Jesse , Zimmermann Philipp 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article investigates nonlocal, quasilinear generalizations of the classical biharmonic operator $$(-\Delta )^2$$

(
-
Δ
)

2

. These fractional p -biharmonic operators appear naturally in the variational characterization of the optimal fractional Poincaré constants in Bessel potential spaces. We study the following basic questions for anisotropic fractional p -biharmonic systems: existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to the associated interior source and exterior value problems, unique continuation properties, monotonicity relations, and inverse problems for the exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann maps. Furthermore, we show the UCP for the fractional Laplacian in all Bessel potential spaces $$H^{t,p}$$

H

t
,
p

for any $$t\in {\mathbb R}$$

t
∈
R

, $$1 \le p < \infty $$

1
≤
p
<
∞

and $$s \in {\mathbb R}_+ {\setminus } {\mathbb N}$$

s
∈

R
+

\
N

: If $$u\in H^{t,p}({\mathbb R}^n)$$

u
∈

H

t
,
p

(

R

n

)

satisfies $$(-\Delta )^su=u=0$$

(
-
Δ
)

s

u
=
u
=
0

in a nonempty open set V, then $$u\equiv 0$$

u
≡
0

in $${\mathbb R}^n$$

R

n

. This property of the fractional Laplacian is then used to obtain a UCP for the fractional p -biharmonic systems and plays a central role in the analysis of the associated inverse problems. Our proofs use variational methods and the Caffarelli–Silvestre extension.
May bending radiographs be replaced by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis?
Authors: Prost Max , Röckner Melanie Elisabeth , Taday Roman , Windolf Joachim , Konieczny Markus Rafael 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
There is no data that shows if it is possible to determine if a curve is structural or non-structural or to assess flexibility of an adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instead of bending radiographs (BR). We investigated if the results of BR may be compared to those of MRI.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data of patients with AIS in whom a selective spinal fusion was performed and in whom a MRI, BR and full-spine X-rays were obtained preoperatively. We measured the Cobb angles of the main and of the minor curve in full-spine X-ray (FSR), BR and MRI and analyzed the degree of the intervertebral disk degeneration in the MRI.

Results
After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 patients were included. We found a significant correlation (p < 0.05, Corr Coeff = 0.41) between the Cobb angle of the main curve in FSR and the Cobb angle of the main curve in the MRI and between the Cobb angle of the minor curve in FSR and the Cobb angle of the minor curve in the MRI (p < 0.001, Corr Coeff = 0.04). All patients with a minor curve of less than 25° in the BR had a Cobb angle of less than 30° in the MRI.

Conclusion
Spinal curves showed a significant correlation between bending radiographs and recumbent images (MRI). In our group of patients, a Cobb angle of the minor curve of less than 30° in the MRI indicated that this minor curve was non-structural according to the classification of Lenke.
Artificial cerebrospinal fluid use during burr-hole surgery and reoperation rate in patients with chronic subdural hematoma: an analysis using a nationwide inpatient database
Authors: Shibahashi Keita , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The optimal surgical procedure to reduce the recurrence rate of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) after burr-hole surgery remains to be established. This study aimed to investigate the association between artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACF) use during burr-hole surgery and reoperation rate in patients with CSDH.

Method
In this retrospective cohort study, we used the Japanese Diagnostic Procedure Combination inpatient database. We identified patients aged 40–90 years who were hospitalized for CSDH and had undergone burr-hole surgery within 2 days of admission, between July 1, 2010 and March 31, 2019. We performed a one-to-one propensity score-matched analysis to compare the outcomes between patients with and without ACF irrigation during burr-hole surgery. The primary outcome was reoperation within 1 year of surgery. The secondary outcome was the total hospitalization costs.

Results
Of the 149,543 patients with CSDH from 1100 hospitals, ACF was used in 32,748 patients (21.9%). Propensity score matching created highly balanced 13,894 matched pairs. In the matched patients, the reoperation rate was significantly lower in the ACF users than that in the non-users group (6.3% vs. 7.0%, P = 0.015), with a risk difference of −0.8% (95% confidence interval, −1.5 to −0.2). There was no significant difference in the total hospitalization costs between the two groups (5079 vs. 5042 US dollars, P = 0.330).

Conclusions
ACF use during burr-hole surgery may be associated with lower reoperation rate in patients with CSDH.
Poly(ether)s derived from oxa-Michael polymerization: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ratzenböck Karin , Fischer Susanne M. , Slugovc Christian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPoly(ether)s represent an important class of polymers and are typically formed by ring-opening polymerization, Williamson ether synthesis, or self-condensation of alcohols. The oxa-Michael reaction presents another method to form poly(ether)s with additional functional groups in the polymer backbone starting from di- or triols and electron deficient olefins such as acrylates, sulfones, or acrylamides. However, research on oxa-Michael polymerization is still limited. Herein, we outline the principles of the oxa-Michael polymerization and focus on the synthesis and preparation of poly(ether-sulfone)s, poly(ether-ester)s, poly(ether)s, and poly(ether-amide)s. Further, challenges as well as future perspectives of the oxa-Michael polymerization are discussed.
Graphical abstract
Acid-induced hydrolysis of 1-(methoxydiphenylmethyl)-2-methyldiazene: interception of methyldiazenium ion with 1,3-dienes affording 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazine Diels–Alder products
Authors: Gamper Michael , Gstach Hubert , Schantl Joachim G. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe conversion of benzophenone methylhydrazone with bromine and pyridine into 1-[(methyldiazenyl)diphenylmethyl]pyridin-1-ium bromide followed by the solvolysis with methanol provides a facile synthesis of 1-(methoxydiphenylmethyl)-2-methyldiazene. The acid-induced hydrolysis of this N,O-ketal releases the methyldiazenyl moiety as the putative intermediate methyldiazenium ion. Reacting as a heterodienophile, methyldiazenium ion is intercepted with 1,3-dienes in [4 + 2+] cycloaddition reactions affording 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazine Diels–Alder products which are transformed into stable and isolated N-benzoyl derivatives.
Graphical abstract
Distribution flow of used motorcycles exported from Japan
Authors: Kimura Mami , Yamane Takumi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on used motorcycles (UMCs) that are exported from Japan, observes identifiable characteristics of each destination country's UMC exports, and categorizes their distribution flows. Based on the findings from precedent research, results from compiled data of trade statistics, and field surveys, this study reveals the following characteristics. (1) UMCs are continuously exported to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), but the export numbers fluctuate yearly. The UAE also exports large numbers of UMCs with low displacements and UMCs from all statistical categories except for “other.” (2) The number of UMCs exports to Cambodia has been increasing since 2011. In addition, changes in exports from 51 to 250 cc to low displacements of 50 cc and less are identified. Cambodia also exported UMCs from all statistical categories except “other.” (3) The number of UMCs exports to Myanmar has been increasing since 2015, and the primary units exported exhibit “electric motor propulsion as a motor driving force.” (4) Country trade features are identified and UAE is designated as a “transit trade type” and both Cambodia and Myanmar as “domestic distribution types.”
Alcohol prices, the April effect, and the environment, in violence-related injury in England and Wales
Authors: Matthews Kent , Heravi Saeed , Morgan Peter , Page Nicholas , Shepherd Jonathan , Sivarajasingam Vaseekaran 
Published: March 2023

AbstractViolent injury varies widely across England and Wales as does the price of alcohol. While the links between alcohol consumption and violence are well established in the medical and epidemiological literature, a causal link is questionable. This paper cuts through the causative argument by reporting a link between the general price of alcohol and violence-related injury across the economic regions of England and Wales. It examines the influence of the real price of alcohol and identifies an ‘April effect’ that coincides with the annual uprating of alcohol prices for excise duties, on violence-related injuries recorded at Emergency Department attendance. The data are monthly frequency of violent injury rates covering the period 2005–2014 across the economic regions. The principal finding is that a one-way relationship between the real price of alcohol and violent injury is established, and tax policy can be used to reduce the incidence of violent injury and the associated health costs.
Allometric relations between DBH and sapwood area for predicting stand transpiration: lessons learned from the Quercus genus
Authors: Schoppach R. , Chun K. P. , Klaus J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCatchment-scale transpiration is commonly determined by the use of sap-flow sensors, and its quantification, which is critical for water and forest management, relies crucially on the total catchment’s sapwood area (As). Species-specific allometric relationships between the trees As and the trees diameter at breast height (DBH) are widely used for determining stand or catchment As. However, substantial differences between studies challenge the robustness of these relationships between sites displaying various topographical and environmental characteristics. Our objectives for this study are to compare the parameters of these relationships between species of the Quercus genus from different sites across the globe and to test the role of topographical factors on the As-DBH relationship in Quercus petraea. Using 145 trees sampled within a 0.455 km2 catchment, we found that topography (slope, flow accumulation, aspect, curvature, and topographic wetness index) does not modulate the As-DBH relationship in Q. petraea, within our catchment. We compared our curve parameters with those from 16 studies on oak trees and found that the As-DBH relationship is not only species-specific, but depends on the site’s conditions. The use of species-specific parameters from other sites may lead to more than 100% difference in the calculation of As, and therefore in forest transpiration. In the light of these results, we recommend building site- and species-specific As-DBH relationships for determining stand or catchment transpiration, using a minimum of nine, randomly sampled trees, and different methods and azimuthal directions for determining sapwood depth.
Health promotion for families with parental alcohol addiction: a systematic review
Authors: Kuschick Doreen , Kuck Joachim , Pachanov Alexander , Geene Raimund 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Aim
Alcohol-related illnesses represent a major burden and challenge to families and pose health risks for all involved. Therefore, health promotion attempts need to focus on these vulnerable families and identify effective interventions. A systematic review was conducted of approaches to health promotion and prevention and their effectiveness for families with addiction concerns. The review focused on parental alcohol dependency.

Subject and methods
A systematic search of relevant databases was conducted, followed by a multistep screening process and a narrative synthesis of results.

Results
A total of 20 studies were included that evaluated 14 intervention programmes. The main target group was children with any form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their caregivers. The study sample was dominated by behavioural approaches. The evidence base was heterogeneous. There was limited evidence of the effectiveness of combined counselling and coaching interventions that aimed to strengthen psychosocial resources.

Conclusion
The robustness of the results is limited by the moderate methodological quality of the studies. Because of the search strategy, which focused on studies with outcomes for parents with alcohol dependence, and the systematic review methodology, almost all studies reviewed featured behavioural prevention interventions. Very few studies provided specific information on the effectiveness of interventions for alcohol-dependent parents with a focus on environmental changes. The selected approach provided a limited mapping of the field of interest. However, these review findings provide the foundation for an evidence-based approach to health promotion for families with parental alcohol dependence.
Effects of surrounding landscape on the performance of Solidago canadensis L. and plant functional diversity on heavily invaded post-agricultural wastelands
Authors: Czortek Patryk , Królak Elżbieta , Borkowska Lidia , Bielecka Aleksandra 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHigh invasiveness and well-documented negative impact on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning makeSolidago canadensisL. a species of global concern. Despite a good understanding of the driving factors of its invasions, it remains unclear how the surrounding landscape may shape invasion success of this species in human-transformed ecosystems. In our study, we investigated the impacts of different landscape features in the proximity of early successional wastelands onS. canadensisbiomass allocation patterns. Further, we examined the relationships between the surrounding landscape,S. canadensiscover, and plant functional diversity, used as a supportive approach for the explanation of mechanisms underlying successfulS. canadensisinvasion. We found that increasing river net length had positive impacts onS. canadensisrhizome, stem, and total above ground biomass, but negative effects on leaf biomass, indicating that vegetative spread may perform the dominant role in shaping the competitiveness of this invader in riverine landscapes. A higher proportion of arable lands positively influencedS. canadensisabove ground and flower biomass; thus promotingS. canadensisinvasion in agricultural landscapes with the prominent role of habitat filtering in shaping vegetation structure. Concerning an increasing proportion of settlements, flower biomass was higher and leaf biomass was lower, thereby influencingS. canadensisreproductive potential, maximizing the odds for survival, and indicating high adaptability to exist in an urban landscape. We demonstrated high context-dependency of relationships between functional diversity components and surrounding landscape, strongly influenced byS. canadensiscover, while the effects of surrounding landscape composition per se were of lower importance. Investigating the relationships between the surrounding landscape, invasive species performance, and plant functional diversity, may constitute a powerful tool for the monitoring, controlling, and predicting of invasion progress, as well as the assessment of ecosystem invasibility.
Upper bounds for the product of element orders of finite groups
Authors: Di Domenico Elena , Monetta Carmine , Noce Marialaura 
Published: March 2023

AbstractLet G be a finite group of order n, and denote by $$\rho (G)$$

ρ
(
G
)

the product of element orders of G. The aim of this work is to provide some upper bounds for $$\rho (G)$$

ρ
(
G
)

depending only on n and on its least prime divisor, when G belongs to some classes of non-cyclic groups.
What Are You Worried About? Content and Extent of Worry in Autistic Adults
Authors: Black Melissa H. , Greenwood Dana L. , Hwa Jerome Choo Chen , Pivac Jacqueline , Tang Jessica , Clarke Patrick J. F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAutistic adults commonly experience anxiety and worry, although knowledge on how worry presents and the content, extent, and experiences among autistic adults is limited. A convergent parallel mixed-methods approach was used to explore the presentation and experiences of worry in autistic and non-autistic adults. Quantitative surveys were used to compare the content and extent of worry in autistic adults to non-autistic adults, with semi-structured interviews also conducted with autistic adults to gain a deeper understanding of the experiences, impacts and content of worry in autistic adults. Findings indicated that autistic adults demonstrated clinically significant levels of worry which were substantially higher than non-autistic adults. Autistic adults described worry as a cycle of negative thoughts impacting their daily life. Findings indicate that autistic adults may worry more than non-autistic adults, impacting on participation in activities of daily living, sleep, and mental health.
Synthesis and characterization of InP quantum dots for photovoltaics applications
Authors: Lasheen Dina , Fathy Marwa , Othman Hossam Awad , Elkholy Meawad Mohamed , Kashyout Abd El Hady B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, InP quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized with a green methodology. The preparation of the InP QDs is demonstrated by varying the ratios of the precursors used such as InCl3 and trioctylphosphine (TOP). These QDs are fabricated through the application of TOP (as phosphorous source and reducing agent for the In salt) for forming indium and to develop the targeted InP QDs, which are characterized using HRTEM, XRD, PL, FTIR, UV–Vis, and time resolved spectroscopy. A rapid reaction time (~ 30 min) procedure in a single pot at a temperature of ~ 310 °C is developed. InP QDs with particle sizes varying from 4 to 6 nm have been measured with different concentrations of InCl3 and TOP. InP QDs yield reached 23%. Zincblende crystal structure is recognized for InP with high orientation plane of (220) as confirmed with XRD and confirmed with SAED. Solar cell devices are built by anchoring the InP QDs onto a TiO2 layer and measure the photovoltaic performance and spectral response of the device built on FTO/glass substrate. TiO2/InP QDs solar cell devices are fabricated with high fill factor of 0.86 and open circuit voltage value of 501 mV and overall efficiency of 0.48%.
The X-ray Structures of 2- and 3-Sulfolene and Two Halogenated Derivatives
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Sonecha Dheirya K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe structures of the isomeric 2,5-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide [orthorhombic, a = 11.340(2), b = 7.0887(15), c = 6.2811(13) Å, space group Pnma] and 2,3-dihydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide [orthorhombic, a = 6.3903(13), b = 7.2783(16), c = 11.075(2) Å, space group Pnma] have been determined and show perfectly planar rings with the expected bond lengths and angles. In contrast, the halogenated derivatives 3,3,4,4-tetrachlorotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide [monoclinic, a = 11.8716(8), b = 6.5579(4), c = 11.4802(8) Å, β = 97.705(17), space group P21/c] and 2,3-dibromotetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide [orthorhombic, a = 5.2502(3), b = 11.3561(6), c = 24.9802(17) Å, space group Pbca] both show twisted conformations. The degree of planarity is compared with that in the structures of comparable 5-membered ring cyclic sulfones and C–H…O hydrogen bonding patterns are discussed for all four structures.
Graphical Abstract
The two isomeric sulfolenes are perfectly planar while tetrachloro- and dibromo-derivatives adopt twisted structures.
Traveling with TARDIS. Parameterization and transferability in molecular modeling and simulation
Authors: Lenhard Johannes , Hasse Hans 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe English language has adopted the word Tardis for something that looks simple from the outside but is much more complicated when inspected from the inside. The word comes from a BBC science fiction series, in which the Tardis is a machine for traveling in time and space, that looks like a phone booth from the outside. This paper claims that simulation models are a Tardis in a way that calls into question their transferability. The argument is developed taking Molecular Modeling and Simulation as an example. There, simulation models are force fields that describe the molecular interactions and that look like simple and highly modular mathematical expressions. To make them work, they contain parameters that are adjusted to match certain data. The role of these parameters and the way they are obtained is seriously under-appreciated. It is constitutive for the model and central for its applicability and performance. Hence, the model is more than it seems so that working with adjustable parameters deeply affects the ontology of simulation models. This is particularly crucial for the transferability of the models: the information on how a model was trained is like luggage the model must carry on its voyage.
The potential effect of Moringa oleifera ethanolic leaf extract against oxidative stress, immune response disruption induced by abamectin exposure in Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Reda Rasha M. , Helmy Rania M. A. , Osman Ali , Ahmed Farag A. Gh. , Kotb Gamila A. M. , El-Fattah Amir H. Abd 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Abamectin (ABM), a naturally fermented product of Streptomyces avermitilis, is applied to pest control in livestock and agriculture fields. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaf ethanolic extract (MOE) on biochemical changes including oxidative stress indices, immune response marker, lipid profiles as well as mRNA expression of immune related genes, and abamectin (ABM, 5% EC) residue levels in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.5 µg/l) for 28 days. Disturbance in liver and kidney biomarkers was markedly increased in ABM-exposed fish compared to the control group. Malondialdehyde levels in the liver and brain tissues, as well as the activities of glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxides, all increased significantly in ABM group. Additionally, ABM exposure increased the levels of interleukin 10 beta and growth factor gene expression. On the other hand, fish exposed to ABM had significantly lower serum alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, high-density lipoprotein, glutathione peroxides in brain, glutathione in liver and brain tissues, lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, immunoglobulin M, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 1 beta as compared to the control group. The recorded detrimental effects of ABM on tilapia have been overcome by the addition of MOE to the diet (1%) and ameliorating hepato-renal damage and enhancing antioxidant activity, innate immune responses, and upregulating the anti-inflammatory gene expression. Therefore, it could be concluded that MOE dietary supplementation at 1% could be used to counteract the oxidative stress, immune response disruption induced by abamectin exposure in Oreochromis niloticus, and reduce its accumulation in fish tissues.