bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phonon-Assisted Photoluminescence and Exciton Recombination in Monolayer Aluminum Nitride
Authors: Yadav Pushpendra , Agarwal Amit , Bhattacharya Sitangshu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Efficient solid-state photon emitters with longer operating lifetimes in the ultraviolet (UV) wavelength range are crucial for optoelectronic devices. However, finding suitable material candidates has been a significant challenge. Here, we investigate wide bandgap hexagonal aluminum nitride (h-AlN) monolayers, a potential material candidate for efficient UV light source. From first-principle calculations, we investigate impact of electron-phonon interaction on single-particle spectrum and temperature-dependent bandgap renormalization of h-AlN monolayer. Additionally, temperature-dependent optical absorption and emission studied from finite-temperature Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) show significant impact of electron-phonon interaction. We calculate temperature-dependent non-radiative linewidths using the exciton-phonon coupling function that gives a parameter free exciton lifetimes. We demonstrate that h-AlN monolayers exhibit strong photoluminescence (PL) emission within the UV range of 3.94-4.05 eV. Furthermore, from the finite-momentum exciton spectrum calculation using BSE, we show that the PL emissions in indirect bandgap AlN are facilitated by phonon modes with finite lattice momentum. These phonon modes promote efficient recombination of electrons and holes having finite momentum difference q. Our findings provide a foundation for developing advanced optoelectronic devices and efficient UV light sources based on hexagonal AlN monolayers.
Ionically gated transistors based on two-dimensional materials for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Fullerton-Shirey Susan , Xu Ke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Neuromorphic computing is a low-power and energy efficient alternative to von Neumann computing that demands new materials and computing architectures. Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals materials and ions are a particularly favorable pair for neuromorphic computing. The large surface to volume ratio of 2D layered materials makes them sensitive to the presence of ions, detected as orders of magnitude change in electrical resistance. Quantum confinement of 2D crystals limits carrier scattering and enhances mobility, which decreases power consumption. Moreover, the 2D crystal-ion pair can provide volatile and non-volatile responses in the same device, as well as dynamic synaptic properties, such as spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). These dynamic properties are particularly relevant because they mirror the mechanisms involved in biological learning and memory. In this perspective, we first summarize recent progress in the field, categorize 2D crystal-ion devices in terms of their mechanisms (either electrostatic or electrochemical), and highlight key synaptic functionalities these devices can replicate. We underscore the differences between artificial and biological synapses, and between devices meant to emulate biological functions versus those optimized for compatibility with digital artificial neural networks (ANNs). We note that the use of ionically gated transistors based on 2D crystals (2D IGTs) in ANNs has primarily focused on their non-volatile memory functions, rather than fully exploiting their dynamic synaptic properties. We assert that the energy-efficient operation of ionically gated transistors based on 2D crystals, enabled by their high capacitance density and tunable ion dynamics, makes them particularly suited for low-power edge computing applications. Finally, our perspective is that realizing the full potential of 2D crystals and ions in neuromorphic systems will require bridging the gap between demonstrated synaptic functionalities and their practical implementations in neural networks.
Cu(Pd)-N-C catalysts with ORR activity were prepared through magnetron sputtering and ion implantation.
Authors: Li Tengfei , Yan Nongyang , Wang Kun , Wu Zhengwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Developing efficient and clean energy conversion technologies is paramount in depleting fossil fuel resources and escalating environmental pollution. Hydrogen fuel cells are increasingly seen as a potential answer to energy needs, thanks to their high energy conversion efficiency and clean, zero-emission function. Nonetheless, the slow pace of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction and the high costs associated with platinum catalysts have restricted their widespread use. This study employed magnetron sputtering and ion implantation techniques to address the challenge of preparing Cu-N-C and Cu(Pd)-N-C catalysts. Experiments were conducted using glass carbon as the substrate. Cu-N-C catalyst films were successfully prepared by adjusting parameters such as the Ar and N2 ratio, sputtering power, and sputtering time. Subsequently, Cu(Pd)-N-C catalysts were synthesized by implanting different doses of Pd metal into the Cu-N-C films using ion implantation technology. The catalysts' morphology, structure, and elemental composition were analyzed using SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS characterization techniques. Electrochemical performance tests revealed that, compared to the Cu-N-C catalyst without Pd implantation, the Cu(Pd)-N-C catalyst at an ion implantation dosage of 1×10¹⁷/cm² exhibited a significant enhancement in ORR performance, with the Eonset and E1/2 being 98 mV and 163 mV higher, respectively. A substantial increase in current density at 0.75 V. These findings underscore the effectiveness of magnetron sputtering and ion implantation in preparing catalysts and offer valuable insights for advancing hydrogen fuel cell technology. Mainly, they highlight the potential of non-platinum catalysts in reducing costs and enhancing the efficiency of fuel cells, which could be a significant step forward in the realm of clean energy.&#xD;
On the Feasibility of an Online Brain-Computer Interface-based Neurofeedback Game for Enhancing Attention and Working Memory in Stroke and Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients
Authors: T A Suhail , Ramakrishnan Subasree , Vinod A P , Alladi Suvarna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Background: Neurofeedback training (NFT) using Electroencephalogram-based Brain Computer Interface (EEG-BCI) is an emerging therapeutic tool for enhancing cognition. &#xD;Methods: We developed an EEG-BCI-based NFT game for enhancing attention and working memory of stroke and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. The game involves a working memory task during which the players memorize locations of images in a matrix and refill them correctly using their attention levels. The proposed NFT was conducted across fifteen subjects (6 Stroke, 7 MCI, and 2 healthy). The effectiveness of the NFT was evaluated using the percentage of correctly filled matrix elements and EEG-based attention score. EEG varitions during working memory tasks were also investigated using EEG topographs and EEG-based indices. Results: The EEG-based attention score showed an enhancement ranging from 4.29-32.18% in the Stroke group from the first session to the third session, while in the MCI group, the improvement ranged from 4.32% to 48.25%. We observed significant differences in EEG band powers during working memory operation between the stroke and MCI groups. Significance: The proposed neurofeedback game operates based on attention and aims to improve multiple cognitive functions, including attention and working memory, in patients with stroke and MCI. Conclusions: The experimental results on the effect of NFT in patient groups demonstrated that the proposed neurofeedback game has the potential to enhance attention and memory skills in patients with neurological disorders. A large-scale study is needed in the future to prove the efficacy on a wider population.
Jewish Law and Incorporation of Local Law: Theories of Why, What, and When
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the complex relationship between Jewish law and local secular legal systems, examining the historical and jurisprudential theories that govern when and why Jewish law incorporates external laws. Through the principle of dina demalkhuta dina (the law of the land is law), Jewish law acknowledges the validity of secular law, particularly in areas such as commerce and civil matters, while maintaining its autonomy in ritual law. The chapter reviews four key rabbinic theories that justify when external legal systems are integrated into Jewish law, exploring the nuanced conditions under which such integration occurs. It also covers the legal and ethical foundations for respecting foreign legal systems and treaties, demonstrating Jewish law’s pragmatic adaptability in interactions with other legal traditions.
Jewish Law and International Law: The Present
Authors: Broyde Michael J , Elazar-De Mota Yehonatan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the contemporary relationship between Jewish law and international law, particularly within the modern State of Israel. It examines how Israeli rabbinic authorities and legal scholars navigate the tensions between Jewish legal autonomy and the obligations of international legal frameworks, especially in areas such as human rights, state sovereignty, and global governance. The chapter also highlights the intellectual debates within Israeli legal circles regarding how Jewish law interacts with international norms, exploring the balance between preserving Jewish legal distinctiveness and engaging with the global legal community. It underscores the dynamic and ongoing integration of these two systems in the present era.
‘The Greatest Permanent Link between this Country and the East’: Cricket Diplomacy at the End of the British Empire in South Asia, c.1932–1950
Authors: Naha Souvik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article examines England’s cricketing contacts with India and Pakistan in the 1930s-1940s and the extent to which cricket constituted a situational diplomatic tool for Britain’s bid to retain close ties with its former colonies in the Indian subcontinent. Through a study of cricket diplomacy, it deepens our understanding of the end of the British Empire in South Asia and the provenance of the Commonwealth system. Seeking to analyse cricket’s significance for state-led policy of reconciliation, the article makes three important contributions to the study of imperial and Commonwealth history and the history of sport. First, it calls for a rethinking of the nature of Britain’s co-operation and conflict with South Asia by examining a form of cultural exchange (in this case, cricket) as a forum of diplomacy at both public and institutional levels. Secondly, it enhances the understanding of sport’s role in Britain’s Commonwealth and postcolonial relations. It gives special attention to political consciousness in Britain around the question of decolonising South Asia by analysing views on cricket as a vehicle for internationalism. Thirdly, it offers new insights into the internal tensions and divergent interests of state and non-state actors in mediating post-war international collaboration and the British sphere of influence. In this regard, it discusses cultural diplomacy as a means of shaping Britain’s international outlook, and enriches the historiography of state-led cultural missions.
Enhancing clinical documentation with ambient artificial intelligence: a quality improvement survey assessing clinician perspectives on work burden, burnout, and job satisfaction
Authors: Albrecht Michael , Shanks Denton , Shah Tina , Hudson Taina , Thompson Jeffrey , Filardi Tanya , Wright Kelli , Ator Gregory A , Smith Timothy Ryan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluates the impact of an ambient artificial intelligence (AI) documentation platform on clinicians’ perceptions of documentation workflow.

Materials and Methods
An anonymous pre- and non-anonymous post-implementation survey evaluated ambulatory clinician perceptions on impact of Abridge, an ambient AI documentation platform. Outcomes included clinical documentation burden, work after-hours, clinician burnout, and work satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and proportional odds logistic regression to compare changes for concordant questions across pre- and post-surveys. Covariate analysis examined effect of specialty type and duration of AI tool usage.

Results
Survey response rates were 51.9% (93/181) pre-implementation and 74.4% (99/133) post-implementation. Clinician perception of ease of documentation workflow (OR = 6.91, 95% CI: 3.90-12.56, P &lt;.001) and in completing notes associated with usage of the AI tool (OR = 4.95, 95% CI: 2.87-8.69, P &lt;.001) was significantly improved. Most respondents agreed that the AI tool decreased documentation burden, decreased the time spent documenting outside clinical hours, reduced burnout risk, and increased job satisfaction, with 48% agreeing that an additional patient could be seen if needed. Clinician specialty type and number of days using the AI tool did not significantly affect survey responses.

Discussion
Clinician experience and efficiency was improved with use of Abridge across a breadth of specialties.

Conclusion
An ambient AI documentation platform had tremendous impact on improving clinician experience within a short time frame. Future studies should utilize validated instruments for clinician efficiency and burnout and compare impact across AI platforms.
Effects of soybean gums and soybean soapstocks on weanling pig growth performance, fecal dry matter, and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter
Authors: Gaffield Katelyn N , Goodband Robert D , DeRouchey Joel M , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , Denny Gordon , Slipher Carmen , Krishnan Hari B , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Depending on the processing plant, gums and soapstocks may be added back to soybean meal. There is potential for these by-products to serve as an affordable energy source for swine due to their residual oil content. A total of 350 pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA; initially 5.3 ± 0.02 kg) were weaned at approximately 19 d of age and used in a 42-d experiment. At weaning, pigs were randomly assigned to pens and allotted to 1 of 5 treatments. There were 5 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Diets were fed in 3 phases: phase 1 from weaning to d 11, phase 2 from d 11 to 23, and phase 3 from d 23 to 42. Treatments included a control diet containing soybean meal with no added soybean by-products. Two additional diets contained gums or soapstocks at 4% of the soybean meal level in the diet. Another treatment diet contained soybean meal with 2% added soybean gums and 2% added soybean soapstocks. Lastly, a negative control contained 4% less soybean meal with no added by-products to have equal protein from soybean meal to diets with added gums or soapstocks. Feces were collected on d 11 and 23 from 3 pigs per pen to determine fecal dry matter (DM). Fecal samples taken on d 23 were used to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM. From d 0 to 11 (phase 1) and d 11 to 23 (phase 2), there was no evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.10) for any growth response criteria. From d 23 to 42 (phase 3), pigs fed soybean meal with added gums had increased (P = 0.05) average daily gain (ADG). However, there was no evidence for differences (P &gt; 0.10) in average daily feed intake (ADFI) or gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). For the overall experimental period (d 0 to 42), there was no evidence of differences (P &gt; 0.10) due to dietary treatment for ADG, ADFI, or G:F. Fecal DM was approximately 19% on both d 11 and 23 and was not affected (P &gt; 0.10) by treatment. There was an interaction (P = 0.019) between soybean gum and soapstocks for the ATTD of DM. When adding 4% gums to the diet, there was an improvement in the ATTD of DM; however, there was no evidence of differences when adding 4% soapstocks or 2% gums and 2% soapstocks to soybean meal. These data suggest adding soybean processing by-products to soybean meal has minimal effects on nursery pig growth performance. However, there is a potential for improved ADG in the late nursery period when soybean meal containing added gums is included in the diet.
Evaluating knowledge of ticks and tick-borne diseases among Indiana healthcare professionals
Authors: Sherpa Phurchhoki , Kaur Jasleen , Murgia Maria V , Sadof Clifford , Pfeiffer Linda , Hill Catherine A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ticks and tick-borne disease (TBD) risks are increasing in Indiana and North America. The successful prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of TBDs requires healthcare professionals be well-informed and prepared. This study reports the findings of a 2020 online survey of 465 Indiana healthcare professionals, designed to assess their knowledge of ticks and TBDs and identify factors influencing total knowledge scores. The survey included 24 discrete/ordinal questions and one open-ended question. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, t-tests, and the Boruta algorithm, were conducted in R. Indiana healthcare professionals scored 30.8% for tick- and 57.9% for disease-related questions. Professionals scored higher on most disease-related questions, including (i) the importance of prompt tick removal to reduce TBD transmission risk, (ii) that not all Lyme disease cases present with bull’s-eye rash, and (iii) the signs and symptoms of TBDs. They scored lower on tick-related questions, including (i) the tick species capable of transmitting diseases to humans, (ii) TBDs considered endemic, (iii) the distribution of Ixodes scapularis (deer tick), and (iv) regions considered higher risk for Lyme disease transmission in Indiana. Knowledge scores varied across demographic categories, with the use of online resources identified as the most important predictor of total knowledge scores. These findings highlight the importance of increasing awareness of existing resources, expanding online educational materials to cover TBDs beyond Lyme disease, and promoting self-guided learning. Achieving these goals will require collaboration among state and public health agencies, healthcare professionals, research institutions, and community outreach partners.
D-vine Generalized Additive Model copula-based quantile regression with application to ensemble postprocessing
Authors: Jobst David , Möller Annette , Groß Jürgen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The D-vine copula-based quantile regression (DVQR) is a powerful tool for weather forecasting, as it is able to select informative predictor variables from a large set and takes account of nonlinear relationships among them. However, DVQR shows in its current form a lack in adaptively modelling strongly varying effects among variables, such as temporal and/or spatial effects. Consequently, we propose an extension of the current DVQR, where we specify the parameters of the bivariate copulas in the D-vine copula through Kendall’s τ to which additional covariates are linked. The parameterization of the correlation parameter allows generalized additive models (GAMs) to incorporate, e.g. linear, nonlinear, and spatial effects as well as interactions. The new method is called GAM-DVQR, and its performance is illustrated in a case study on postprocessing 2 m surface temperature ensemble weather forecasts. We investigate constant as well as time-dependent Kendall’s τ correlation models. The results indicate that the GAM-DVQR models are able to identify time-dependent correlations and significantly outperform state-of-the-art postprocessing methods. Furthermore, the introduced temporal parameterization allows a more economical and faster model estimation in comparison to DVQR using a sliding training window. To complement this article, we provide an R-package for our method called gamvinereg.
Marginal ulcer perforation after one anastomosis gastric bypass: a case report
Authors: Rios Christian , Verboonen Sergio , Romero Jeffry , Ponce de Leon Jaime , Ribadeneira Alex Guachilema 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has gained popularity and it is currently the third most frequently performed bariatric procedure worldwide. A marginal ulcer (MU) at the anastomosis site between the gastric pouch and the small intestine is a common complication of gastric bypass procedures but a rare complication of OAGB. Risk factors for MUs include cigarette smoking, alcohol misuse, and Helicobacter pylori infection. MU symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting; however, some patients are asymptomatic. MU perforations are repaired as follows: laparoscopy with or without ulcer debridement, omental patch closure, conversion into Y gastric bypass, or reoperation. This report describes MU perforations in two patients after OAGB.
Three Good Questions for Faculty and Their Mentors in Support of Academic Career Development
Authors: Freeland Deborah G. , Verbsky Jennifer , Babbott Stewart 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Faculty mentorship is essential for a successful career in academic medicine, and effective support includes a commitment between a faculty member and mentor to navigate through competing interests and priorities. Many faculty mentorship programs have been described. However, the program content, including guidance tools and guiding questions, are less often defined.
To address this gap, the authors draw on their faculty mentor-mentee experience in academic medicine to propose a set of guiding questions in this Commentary called “3 good questions.” This supplemental tool encourages mentors to ask of their mentees: (1) Are you doing what you love? (2) Are you making it count twice? (3) Are you staying focused? These questions can be incorporated during mentorship discussion sessions and can be answered in a stepwise approach to reflect, confirm, and explore a mentee’s needs in the short- and long-term for a successful career in academic medicine.
Propranolol As an Anxiolytic to Reduce the Use of Sedatives for Critically Ill Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation (PROACTIVE): An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Downar James , Lapenskie Julie , Kanji Salmaan , Watpool Irene , Haines Jessica , Saeed Uzma , Porteous Rebecca , Polskaia Nadia , Burry Lisa , Himed Shuhira , Anderson Koby , Fox-Robichaud Alison 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES:
Surges in demand for sedatives for mechanical ventilation during the COVID-19 pandemic caused shortages of sedatives globally. Propranolol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic blocker, has been associated with reduced agitation and sedative needs in observational studies. We aimed to test whether propranolol could reduce the dose of sedatives needed in mechanically ventilated patients.

DESIGN:
Open-label randomized controlled trial.

SETTING:
Three academic hospitals.

SUBJECTS:
Any nonparalyzed patient receiving mechanical ventilation and requiring high-dose sedatives.

INTERVENTIONS:
Enteral propranolol 20–60 mg every 6 hours titrated to effect in the intervention group; all participants received protocol-titrated sedation with propofol or midazolam.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
Mean change in 24 hours dose of sedative from baseline to day 3, proportion of sedation scores within target, and occurrence rate of adverse events. We enrolled a planned 72 patients between January 2021 and October 2022. Sixty-nine percent were male with a mean (sd) age of 54 years (15.91 yr). Most were admitted for COVID or non-COVID pneumonia. Intervention participants received propranolol for a mean of 10 days (mean daily dose, 90 mg). There was a significantly larger decrease in sedative dose from baseline (54% vs. 34%; p = 0.048) and more sedation assessments within target range (48% vs. 35%; p < 0.0001) in the intervention group compared with controls. There were no differences in mortality or adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS:
Propranolol is an inexpensive drug that effectively lowered the need for sedatives in critically ill patients managed in the COVID-19 pandemic. Propranolol may help preserve limited supplies of sedatives while achieving target sedation.