bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Consociationalism and Coalition Politics in Malaysia
Authors: Abdulwahed Jalal Nori  
Published: February 2023

National unity and integration are among the most critical problems that we have faced and continue to face in Malaysia. The central concern is not the differences that exist in societies per se but the nature of the relationships among people characterised by distinct ethnicities, religions and socioeconomic classes and multiple identities, living within the nation. These relationships range from harmonious and functional to acrimonious and dysfunctional. In general, legal approaches are commonly used in order to regulate the behaviour of groups towards each other. Many countries have constitutional provisions or enact national laws and regulations that provide for equality and non-discrimination or to protect the rights of certain groups. Various other measures are also taken. While necessary, legal approaches are limited in what they can achieve. They define some of the boundaries that may not be crossed but do not remove negative worldviews, attitudes and beliefs that motivate hatred animosity and unfriendly actions among groups. Could it be said that national unity and integration means the creation of a mental state and elimination in which everyone will place "national interest well above communal, religious, linguistic or local interests". This is only possible when each group feels that they will get a square deal and have no fear of domination by others. Such a mental climate could be seen to prevail when intolerance, fear and inferiority complex are minimised or eliminated. Creating such a mental climate also largely depends on the relationships among and behaviour of the political leaders in the society. Therefore, it is important to start examine and analyse (1) The current state of play – what are we doing right and wrong?; (2) What do we want to see in an integrated and united Malaysia?; and (3) How do we craft a Malaysian ethos of unity and cohesiveness?
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion versus posterior decompression in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sattari Shahab Aldin , Ghanavatian Mohamad , Feghali James , Rincon-Torroella Jordina , Yang Wuyang , Xu Risheng , Bydon Ali , Witham Timothy , Belzberg Allan , Theodore Nicholas , Lubelski Daniel 
Published: February 2023

OBJECTIVE
The optimal surgical approach for patients with multilevel degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) remains unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to compare anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) versus posterior decompression (PD) in patients with DCM spanning ≥ 2 levels without ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

METHODS
MEDLINE and PubMed were searched from inception to February 22, 2022. The primary outcomes were Neck Disability Index (NDI), SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS), modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scale, visual analog scale (VAS), and EQ-5D scores. Secondary outcomes were operative bleeding, operative duration, hospital length of stay (LOS), postoperative morbidity (including hematoma, surgical site infection [SSI], CSF leakage, dysphagia, dysphonia, C5 palsy, and fusion failure), mortality, readmission, reoperation, and Cobb angle.

RESULTS
Nineteen studies comprising 8340 patients were included, of whom 4118 (49.4%) and 4222 (50.6%) underwent ACDF and PD, respectively. The mean number of involved spinal levels was comparable between the groups (3.1 vs 3.5, p = 0.15). The mean differences (MDs) of the primary outcomes were the mean of each index in the ACDF group minus that of the PD group. At the 1-year follow-up, the MDs of the NDI (−1.67 [95% CI −3.51 to 0.18], p = 0.08), SF-36 PCS (2.48 [95% CI −0.59 to 5.55], p = 0.11), and VAS (−0.32 [95% CI −0.97 to 0.34], p = 0.35) scores were similar between the groups. While the MDs of the mJOA (0.71 [95% CI 0.27 to 1.16], p = 0.002) and EQ-5D (0.04 [95% CI 0.01 to 0.08], p = 0.02) scores were greater in the ACDF group, the differences were not clinically significant given the minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) of 2 and 0.05 points, respectively. In the ACDF group, the MDs for operative bleeding (−102.77 ml [95% CI −169.23 to −36.30 ml], p = 0.002) and LOS (−1.42 days [95% CI −2.01 to −0.82 days], p < 0.00001) were lower, the dysphagia OR (11.10 [95% CI 5.43–22.67], p < 0.0001) was higher, and the ORs for SSI (0.43 [95% CI 0.24–0.78], p = 0.006) and C5 palsy (0.32 [95% CI 0.15–0.70], p = 0.004) were lower. The other outcomes were similar between the groups. Overall evidence according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach was moderate.

CONCLUSIONS
ACDF and PD are similar regarding functional outcomes. ACDF is beneficial in terms of less bleeding, shorter LOS, and lower odds of SSI and C5 palsy, while the procedure carries higher odds of dysphagia. The authors recommend individualized treatment decision-making.
Sustainable Tourism: A Hope or a Necessity? The Case of Tofino, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Dodds Rachel 
Published: February 2023

<p>With many communities now dependent on tourism for their economic livelihood, long-term sustainability through a local, multi-stakeholder process is becoming key for destination management. Tofino, which was originally a remote, fishing village, has repositioned itself as an international tourism destination. Home to approximately 1,655 full-time residents, the town now attracts over 750,000 tourists per year. With the contentious Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision in 1995 that aimed to disrupt the logging industry, this saw the beginning of a major increase in tourism demand in the area. Businesses developed focusing on adventure and ecotourism and restaurants, coffee shops, retail opportunities and accommodations are now plentiful. Although tourism has brought many benefits, challenges such as infrastructure, resource management, cost of living and social issues have now come to the forefront. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to assess different stakeholders in Tofino to understand impacts of tourism development in Tofino as well as to identify possible solutions for long-term sustainable development through a multi-stakeholder assessment. Research was conducted with 38 key stakeholders in the summer of 2009 to help the community understand key issues facing their future. </p>
Who Walks the Walk and Talks the Talk? Understanding What Inﬂuences Sustainability Behaviour in Business and Leisure Travellers
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Holmes Mark Robert 
Published: February 2023

<p>While there is considerable research into what drives tourists to travel sustainably, little has been done to examine business travellers and how they differ from leisure travellers. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by looking to understand these differences and what drives them. Specifically, this paper looked to understand the influence that demographics, travel characteristics, and everyday behaviour (pro-ecological actions, frugal consumption patterns, and altruistic behaviours) have on sustainable travel behaviour, and if these influences held true for both business and leisure travellers. To facilitate this investigation, a quantitative study of 869 Canadian travellers in March of 2020 was undertaken. This research found that demographics and travel characteristics to contribute to the prediction of sustainable travel behaviour, but the greatest prediction power came from everyday behaviour. Beyond confirming that everyday behaviour is still the greatest indicator of sustainable travel domestically or abroad, this research found that this influence does not change whether the travel is for business or leisure. </p>
Industry perspectives on carbon offset programs in Canada and the United States.pdf
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Kelman Ilan , Thiesen Natalie , McDougall Alison , Garcia Joshua , Bessada Tim 
Published: February 2023

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<p>Carbon offsetting is often put forward as a possible mitigation strategy for climate change. This study examines carbon-offset businesses in Canada and the United States to better understand their standards, project types, and project locations and to determine their perspectives regarding the challenges of the carbon-offset industry. Twenty companies (a 40% response rate) agreed to a structured interview, although many were reluctant to share some in-formation. Several salient themes emerged and are discussed in more detail: involvement of the hospitality and tour-ism industry, financial commitment, confusion in the marketplace, transparency, and needs for education. Implementation of three recommendations—covering standardization, education, and further engagement among the industry, its customers, and researchers—could reduce confusion and increase the transparency of carbon offsetting. Yet these changes might not help business since customers might decide that purchasing carbon offsets does little to address climate change.</p>
Lake Watershed Tourists: Who They Are and How to Attract Them
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Holmes Mark Robert 
Published: February 2023

<p>Lakes act as both ecosystems for numerous life forms, and in many cases, tourist destinations. In order to sustain lakes as tourist destinations and protect them as ecosystems, municipalities need to understand the tourist, their demographics, motivations, satisfaction levels and the tourists’ desire for sustainability initiatives. To this end, the purpose of this study was to examine lake tourists, their demographics, motivational drivers and their relation to each other. Using a sample of 475 surveys, cross-tabulations, t-tests, and ANOVA’s were executed to understand differences and relationships. The results show varying differences with three key findings. First, motivations drive visitors based on their age and gender. Second, income has an influence on the importance visitors put on businesses promoting sustainability, such that the greater the income-level the lower the importance visitors placed on businesses promoting sustainability. This research builds upon past segmentation studies to show the link between sustainable types of tourism and the importance of sustainability. This adds a third key finding to the area of inquiry, demonstrating that increased awareness not only strengthens the relationship between demand and nature-based offerings, but that it can also increase satisfaction levels. </p>
Understanding policy integration of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Network Theory approach
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Wong Stephanie 
Published: February 2023

<p>The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been much debated but there is no question that their goal is to achieve a more balanced and sustainable planet. This study systematically reviewed literature in order to determine the key criteria needed to implement such goals. A search of Scopus indexed journals as well as grey literature published up to March 2020 yielded 114 papers for examination. Using a Network Theory approach, the study found 14 common criteria for successful policy integration of the SDGs. The findings from this paper support that the achievement of the SDGs needs a comprehensive and holistic approach to achieve them. Through an assessment of many different fields of study, commonalities or networks occurred demonstrating how one goal can support and be a means to an end to achieve another. Conclusions consider that using Network Theory to assess tourism policies may assist in the success of policies for the achievement of the SDGs due to its interrelated nature. </p>
Overtourism: Issues, realities and solutions
Authors: Dodds Rachel , Butler Richard 
Published: February 2023

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<p>Overtourism has become a major concern for an increasing number of destinations as tourism numbers continue to grow, stimulated by general economic and technological growth and the expansion of the global middle class. This, coupled with relentless promotion of tourism by many organisations and destinations, has increased tourism, despite growing opposition to excessive development. This book is the first academic volume to deal with this topic and contains chapters by experienced researchers in the tourism field, taking a multidisciplinary approach to review and explain the subject. The introductory section begins with an overview of the current situation and the forces enabling the appearance of overtourism. This is followed by a number of case studies from a range of destinations around the world, both urban and rural, which share the same problems. The concluding section includes a discussion of potential mitigation methods and approaches and a final assessment of future developments.</p>
<p>The focus and relevance of this book are not just for academics, as it offers insights into destinations, enablers and solutions for how to address the issue of overtourism on a wide variety of scales. This book offers globally relevant perspectives on destinations as varied as Venice and Barcelona, that have gained global media attention, as well as less publicised rural areas and developing destinations.</p>
<p>Includes up to date examples of all facets of sustainable tourism and addresses the emerging issues of overtourism.</p>
PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MEDIA POSTER DENGAN METODE DARING TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PROTOKOL KESEHATAN COVID-19
Authors: Pawiono  
Published: February 2023

Kebijakan pemerintah dengan memberlakukan protokol kesehatan ternyata belum sepenuhnya ditaati oleh masyarakat Indonesia, banyak yang masih mengabaikan kebijakan dari pemerintah.Pasalnya Pemerintah tidak bisa bergerak sendiri untuk menangani wabah Covid-19, diperlukan kerjasama dengan masyarakat untuk memutus rantai penyebaran Covid-19.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Media Poster Dengan Metode Daring Terhadap Kepatuhan Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 Di Desa Sumberjo Rt.06 Rw.01, Plandaan, Jombang.
Desain penelitian menggunakanone group pre test post test desaign yang merupakan rancangan eksperimen dengan cara dilakukam pre test terlebih dahulu sebelum diberikan intervensi kemudian setelah diberi intervensi dilakukan post test. Populasi penelitian ini sebanyak 110 orang. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 86 responden yang diambil dengan menggunakanTeknik Simple Random Sampling. Variabel terikat adalah pendidikan kesehatan media poster sedangkan Kepatuhan Protokol Kesehatan Covid-19 Di Desa Sumberjo Rt 6 Rw 1 Kecamatan Plandaan, Kabupaten Jombang adalah variable bebas.Uji statistik menggunakan T Test.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan sesudah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan melalui media poster dengan metode daring tingkat kepatuhan protokol kesehatan responden meningkat dari tidak patuh menjadi patuh yaitu sebanyak 29 responden 59,2%.Berdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji T test didapatkan nilai signifikan P=0,000 (?<0,05) menunjukkan bahwa H1 diterima yang artinya adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan media poster terhadap metode daring terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan Covid-19, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan media poster terhadap metode daring terhadap kepatuhan protokol kesehatan Covid-19 di Desa Sumberjo Rt.06 Rw.01, Plandaan, Jombang.
PENGARUH RELAKSASI BENSON TERHADAP TINGKAT STRES PADA LANSIA DI PSTW JOMBANG
Authors: Rodiyah  
Published: February 2023

Pendahuluan: Lansia yang tinggal dipanti banyak yang mengalami stres karena mereka tinggal jauh dari lingkungan keluarga. Ada beberapa alasan lansia tinggal dipanti salah satunya karena dibuang oleh keluarganya ada juga alasan karena tidak punya rumah dan keluarga. Kehidupan di panti tentu berbeda dengan kehidupan ketika lansia tersebut bersama-sama dengan keluarganya sehingga bisa menyebabkan stres. Salah satu cara penanganan yang bisa dilakukan yaitu dengan relaksasi Benson. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh relaksasi Benson terhadap tingkat stres pada lansia. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasy eksperimental one group pre-posttest dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang lansia, uji analisis menggunakan uji wilcoxon dengan signifikansi 0,05. Hasil: Hasil uji ststistik dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test pada signifikan (2-tailed) nya sebesar 0,002 yang berarti lebih kecil dari ? (?: tingkat signfikan= 0,05), maka H1 diterima yang artinya ada pengaruh tehnik relaksasi terhadap tingkat stres pada lansia. Hal itu menunjukkan jika ada pengaruh relaksasi Benson terhadap tingkat stres pada lansia. Kesimpulan: Relaksasi Benson terbilang efektif dalam menurunkan stres pada lansia. Relaksasi Benson dapat disarankan menjadi salah satu pilihan terapi non farmakologi untuk mengatasi stres pada lansia.
ANALISIS KESESUAIAN DAN DAYA DUKUNG LOKASI BUDIDAYA KERANG MUTIARA MABÈ (Pteria penguin) DI PERAIRAN PALABUSA KOTA BAU-BAU
Authors: Iyen Hartina , Kasnir Muhammad , Hamsiah Hamsiah 
Published: February 2023

Southeast Sulawesi region, especially the Palabusa waters area of Buton Regency, has become a center for cultivation of several economical species, one of which is the mabè pearl (Pteria penguin). This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the suitable area for the development of mabè pearl cultivation and determining the carrying capacity of the area in Palabusa waters in developing mabè pearl cultivation. This research was conducted in September to November 2020. The data collection was carried out in two parts, namely field and laboratory activities. The data obtained then were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Physical, chemical and biological parameters in Palabusa waters indicate the potential site suitability for the development of mabè pearl cultivation are in the very suitable category (SS) is 128, 3 Ha, quite suitable (S) is 64,5 Ha and not suitable (N) is 47,7 Ha for mabè pearl cultivation; (2) The carrying capacity of Palabusa waters for the development of pearl mabè pearl culture is 847 units. Further research needs to be carried out, especially regarding social and economic aspects as well as other water quality parameters that affect the determination of the suitability of mabè pearl cultivation areas such as environmental pollution, waves and tides.
BIDANG KUASA EKSKLUSIF MAHKAMAH SYARIAH SELEPAS PINDAAN PERKARA 121(1A) PERLEMBAGAAN PERSEKUTUAN: SATU PENILAIAN
Authors: Che Pa Hussin , Nor Muhammad Nasrul Hisyam , Mustar Suhaimi 
Published: February 2023

The Malaysian legal system is derived from the historical development of two separate legal systems namely Civil Court and Syariah Court. Both institutions have exclusive jurisdiction respectively. However, the intervention of the civil court into the jurisdiction of the Syariah Court has occurred even after amendments made to the article 121 (1A) of the Constitution and the decision of the Federal Court decided that matters pertaining to Muslims and Islam are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Syariah Court. This amendment has conferred exclusive jurisdiction to the Syariah Court for cases involving Muslims. This article aims to discuss the position of the jurisdiction of the Syariah Court and the effect of amendment of article 121 (1A), of the Federal Constitution. For this purpose the author will make highlights on the development of the Syariah Court from its early history until the latest developments. Analysis have been made against several important cases concerning the jurisdiction of the courts. Few suggestions were proposed to strengthen the power of the Syariah Court, in line with the amendments to the article 121 (1A) of the Constitution.
Keyword (s): Islamic law; The jurisdiction of the Syariah Court; separation of powers; Article 121 (1A) of the Federal Constitution.
ABSTRAK
Kewujudan dua sistem undang-undang sivil dan syariah di Malaysia berkaitan rapat dengan perkembangan sejarah undang-undang di negara ini bermula dengan undang-undang adat Melayu/Islam sehinggalah penggunaan korpus undang-undang Common Law dan Kaedah Ekuiti dan undang-undang Inggeris. Dalam artikel ini, analisis dibuat terhadap institusi kehakiman, khususnya bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah sebelum dan selepas merdeka bagi perkara yang berkaitan dengan Islam. Kesan pindaan Perkara 121(1A) Perlembagaan akan dikaji termasuk campur tangan Mahkamah Sivil dalam bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah walaupun pindaan selepas pindaan dibuat dan terdapatnya keputusan Mahkamah Persekutuan yang memutuskan perkara yang berkaian dengan orang Islam/Islam adalah di bawah bidang kuasa eksklusif Mahkamah Syariah. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang bidang kuasa eksklusif Mahkamah Syariah dan kesan pindaan Perkara 121(1A) dengan membuat analisis terhadap perkembangan awal hingga terkini Mahkamah Syariah. Perhubungan di antara kerajaan persekutuan dan negeri (federalisme) dan pengharmonian undang-undang/institusi kehakiman sivil dan syariah juga dibincangkan. Analisis juga telah dibuat terhadap beberapa kes penting yang berkaitan dengan bidang kuasa mahkamah dan beberapa cadangan telah dikemukakan bagi mengukuhkan lagi bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah selaras dengan pindaan Perkara 121(1A) Perlembagaan.
Kata Kunci: Undang-undang Islam, Bidang kuasa Mahkamah Syariah; pengasingan kuasa; federalisme; Perkara 121 (1A) Perlembagaan Persekutuan.
Próstata Feminina: Concepções históricas, morfológicas, patológicas e evolutivas
Authors: Frazão Luiz Felipe Neves , Batista Matheus Neres , Maia Pétala Diane Koster , Alves Cleiber Amaro , Lobo Isabella Rodrigues , Silva Maria Eduarda Barbosa , Gomes Gabrielly Caroliny Souza , Penha Lívia Franco , Santos Antônio José Coimbra dos , Mariano Ester Emanuela , Lacerda Virgínia Mara Modesto da Silva , Lemos Eduarda de Paiva , Oliveira Giovana Jenifer Santana de 
Published: February 2023

O objetivo desta revisão é demonstrar aspectos essenciais da próstata feminina, agregando literaturas históricas e científicas, e contextualizando relatos atuais sobre o desenvolvimento, aspectos morfológicos, patológicos e funções biológicas que esta glândula pode vir a apresentar. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa, na pesquisa sobre a próstata feminina. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de artigos nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e PubMed, com os seguintes Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Female ;Female Gland; Prostate Gland; Prostate. Foram selecionados artigos entre os períodos de 1880 a 2023, nos idiomas Alemão, Espanhol, Inglês e Português. Ao contrário do que se pensava a próstata não é uma glândula existente apenas em humanos do sexo masculino. Pesquisas mostram que essa glândula está presente em diversos mamíferos inclusive no humano do sexo feminino. O ambiente hormonal é alterado pela ação de vários disruptores endócrinos e através destes fatores podem ocorrer tumores malignos em sua estrutura, assim como ocorrem em indivíduos do sexo masculino. É perceptível a gama de patologias que possuem potenciais de acometerem a próstata feminina, doenças presentes em casos já relatados na literatura. É necessário a aprimoramento em estudos observacionais e literários acerca da próstata feminina, para o esclarecimento detalhado das funções biológicas e evolutivas dessa glândula. Além de pesquisas epidemiológicas sobre as patologias que podem acometer o público feminino, pois, mesmo em casos raros, podem ser empecilhos na saúde humana no futuro.