bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einfluß der Reaktionsbedingungen bei der Elektrosynthese von zinnorganischen Verbindungen
Authors: Britz D. , Luft H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Reduktion von Alkylhalogeniden an einer Zinnkathode in Wasser/Acetonitril‐Gemischen ergibt als Hauptprodukt das jeweilige Trialkylzinnsalz neben geringen Mengen von Tetraalkylzinn und Hexaalkyldizinn. Adsorptionseffekte, wie sie an Blei bei Verwendung von Tensiden zu guten Ausbeuten führen, sind in diesem System von geringer Bedeutung. Das Verhältnis Wasser: Acetonitril hat einen starken Einfluß auf die Reaktionseffizienz, was auf Löslichkeitseffekte und daraus sich ergebende Reduktionspotentialverschiebungen zurückzuführen ist.
Zum Einfluß der Leitfähigkeit von Phthalocyaninen bei der Elektrokatalyse in Brennstoffzellen
Authors: Meier H. , Albrecht W. , Tschirwitz U. , Zimmerhackl E. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractZwischen der elektrokatalytischen Aktivität der in Brennstoffzellen eingebauten Phthalocyaninkatalysatoren und deren Leitfähigkeit bestehen verschiedene Zusammenhänge: Unter anderem wird die Elektrokatalyse der Sauerstoffreduktion durch die am besten leitenden Polymere der Fe‐ oder Co‐Phthalocyaningruppe am stärksten aktiviert. Auch wird ein Einfluß der Leitfähigkeit und der mit dieser verbundenen Katalaseaktivität auf die Stabilität länger belasteter Sauerstoffkathoden festgestellt. Die an Fe‐Polyphthalocyaninen beobachtete Störung der pi‐Elektronendelokalisation (Rubikonjugation) und der Nachweis einer Beziehung zwischen Leitfähigkeit einerseits und Elektrokatalyse sowie Katalaseaktivität andererseits führt zu einer die Elektrokatalyse der Sauerstoffreduktion beschreibenden Modellvorstellung. Nach diesem Modell, das u. a. die überragende elektrokatalytische Eignung der Fe‐Polyphthalocyanine erklären kann, spielen bei der Elektrokatalyse sowohl Donatorzustände für die Reduktion des Sauerstoffs als auch Akzeptorzustände für die Zersetzung des H2O2 eine entscheidende Rolle.
Elektrochemische Untersuchungen zur Kinetik der Silberbild‐Farbbild‐Transformation in photographischen Systemen
Authors: Kramp E. , Schaller R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDer farbbildbildende Schritt des Silberfarbbleichverfahrens besteht in der Übertragung der Reduktionsäquivalente des entwickelten Silbers auf den diffusionsfest in die Gelatineschicht eingebauten Azofarbstoff durch den als Redoxüberträger wirkenden Katalysator A. Die Transport‐eigenschaften von A sowie seine Fähigkeit, gemäß nachfolgendem Schema magnified image aus der photographisch wirksamen Form HDas gilt nur für chromogene Farbumkehrprozesse. Bei einem chromogenen Negativ/Positiv‐Prozeß laufen Latentbildentwicklung und Farbstoffaufbau gleichzeitig nebeneinander ab.
in die tautomere, photographisch inaktive Form H überzugehen, bestimmen weitgehend den Ablauf des Gesamtvorgangs. Das Transportverhalten verschiedener Verbindungen A in Gelatineschichten wurde durch potentiostatische Impulsfolgen an gelatineüberspannten Kohlenstoffelektroden erfaßt und durch Hinzuziehung radiochemischer Methoden sowie die Messung der stationären Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit aufgeklärt. Das reaktive Verhalten von A wurde, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Radikal‐bildungskonstante K und die Geschwindigkeitskonstante k der Tautomeriereaktion, mit der rotierenden Scheiben‐Ring‐Elektrode sowie der Zweielektroden‐Dünnschicht‐Technik untersucht. Der Einfluß von Nebenreaktionen auf die Resultate und seine elektrochemische Erfassung werden diskutiert.
Ein Zweielektroden‐Dünnschichtverfahren zur Untersuchung von Halogenidadsorbaten an Festelektroden
Authors: Schmidt E. , Stucki S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Adsorption von Halogeniden X− (ΔCl−, Br−, J−) an Ag−, Pt− und Au‐Elektroden in Sulfat‐ oder Perchloratlösung wurde mittels einer Zweielektroden‐Dünnschichttechnik untersucht. Die adsorbierte Halogenidmenge wird elektrolytisch an einer Ag/AgX‐Generatorelektrode erzeugt. wobei die X−‐Konzentration der Dünnschicht auf konstantem Wert gehalten wird. Gelöstes Ag+ wird an einer Au‐Minigridelektrode zwischen Adsorbat‐ und Generatorelektrode reduziert.Die Halogenide bilden Adsorbate in der Größenordnung monoatomarer Bedeckungen an Au und Ag. Am Pt werden im Gebiet Er(Ag/AgCl) + 0.6 V > E > ErAg/Agcl) ‐ 0.3 V nur 0.4 nmol/cm2 an Cl− umgesetzt. Die Desorption von X− vom Ag wird durch die Bildung von Pb2‐‐Monoschichten erleichtert In Gegenwart von Ag+ wird die Icl‐Isotherme am Gold infolge Stabilisation durch Ag+‐Koadsorption nach negativeren Potentialen verschoben.
Multiplikationseffekt bei der Sensibilisierung organischer Molekülkristalle durch induzierte Feldemission
Authors: Killesreiter H. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEin sandwichartiger Aufbau aus einem p‐Chloranilkristall und monomolekularen Schichten von Cyaninfarbstoff‐ und Fettsäuremolekülen wurde mit aufgedampften Aluminiumelektroden kontaktiert. Die Quantenausbeute für den sensibilisierten Photostrom ist bis zu mehreren Größenordnungen höher als eins. Die Strom‐Spannungsabhängigkeit, die Temperaturabhängigkeit und die Intensitätsabhängigkeit wurden untersucht. Die Deutung der Ergebnisse ist konsistent mit einem Modell, das durch eine lichtinduzierte Potentialbergänderung zwischen dem Kristall und der Elektrode eine zusätzliche Elektronenemission aus dem Metall erklärt
The Influence of the Inner Solvation Sphere on Electrochemical Outer Sphere Redox Reactions of Transition Metal Ions – a Quantum Mechanical Approach
Authors: Schmickler W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe theory of Levich and Dogonadze is extended to include the inner hydration sphere of transition metal ions. It is shown that the inner sphere must be treated quantum mechanically; tunnel transitions of the system predominate even at normal temperatures. As a consequence the energy of activation and the transfer coefficient are temperature dependant. A prediction is made about the magnitude of : if the ligands of the oxidized species are more firmly bound than in the reduced species, is less than 0.5.
Solvatation = Lückenbildung + Anhaftung
Authors: Lange Erich 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Solvatation einer Partikel, der Übergang aus der Gasphase in eine flüssige Mischphase, kann in zwei Teilschritte zerlegt gedacht werden: in die Bildung einer geeigneten Lücke in der Flüssigkeit und in die anschließende Anhaftung beim Eintritt der Partikel in diese Lücke. Die hierbei frei werdende Anhaftenergie ist theoretisch zur Abschätzung der Bindungskräfte zwischen der Partikel und dem Lösungsmittel besser geeignet als die Solvatationsenergie.
Development and validation of an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of baloxavir in rat plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Mu Hongli , Zhang Wenyu , Song Yuanming , Liang Rui , Zhao Hengli , Song Chunhong , Wen Qing 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study, an ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the development and validation of baloxavir acid (BXA) concentrations and the active ingredients of the antiviral drug baloxavir marboxil (BXM). Further, the method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of BXA. BXA was determined by the electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring positive ion mode, and the mass‐to‐charge ratios (m/z) of BXA and internal standard baloxavir‐d4 were 484.2 → 247.2 and 488.1 → 247.2. An Oasis max online column (2.1 × 20 mm, 30 μm) was used with 1% formic acid in water (A) and 2% formic acid in acetonitrile (B) as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min−1 for chromatographic separation. The linearity was good in the range of 3–200 ng·mL−1 (r = 0.9994), with 3.00 ng·mL−1 lower limit of quantification. The relative standard deviation of the inter‐assay precision was less than or equal to 6.51%, and the accuracy was in the range of 91.28%–104.29%. This method is suitable for the determination of BXA and for performing pharmacokinetic studies in clinical research.
Development of an UHPLC–MS/MS method to determine cutaneous biodistribution of cannabidiol after topical application of cannabidiol gel assisted by iontophoresis
Authors: Kang Dongzhu , Wang Chenhui , Liu Wenqian , Yang Meiqing , Cheng Xiaohong , Chen Yong 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCannabidiol has potential for use in skin disease therapy, so it is important to know the cutaneous biodistribution of cannabidiol after topical application of cannabidiol formulations. However, currently existing quantification methods for the investigation of cannabidiol skin distribution are not optimal. This study aimed to establish a method for the determination of cannabidiol in skin samples by UHPLC–MS/MS. A BEH C18 (50.0 × 2.1 mm, 2.5 μm) column was used; the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid (70:30, v/v), the flow rate was 0.2 μl·min−1 and the column temperature was 30°C. Positive‐ion mode with multiple reaction monitoring detection was used to quantify cannabidiol (m/z 315.1 → 193.1) while diphenhydramine (m/z 256.3 → 167.08) served as the internal standard. Good linearity was shown in the range of 1–200 ng·ml−1 for cannabidiol with correlation coefficients of >0.999. The LLOQ was 1 ng·ml−1. The intra‐day and inter‐day RSDs of cannabidiol were all <2%. A cryo‐sectioning technique combined with the UHPLC–MS/MS method was used to successfully determine cannabidiol levels in a series of very thin skin layers.
International consensus for a dissection room quality system (DRQS): A Delphi panel study
Authors: Dalmau‐Pastor M. , Alvarez Toledo N. , Valdivia‐Gandur I. , Tubbs R. S. , Vázquez‐Osorio T. , de Anta J. M. , Simon de Blas C. , Prats‐Galino A. , Loukas M. , Manzanares‐Cespedes M. C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDissection Rooms (DRs) are key facilities that allow teaching and research on human anatomy, where students and researchers work with human bodies to acquire, increase, or create new knowledge. Usually, DRs work with a Body Donation Program (BDP), where living donors bequeath their bodies for use in teaching and research after they expire. Despite DRs being part of universities worldwide, no common guidelines, regulations, or quality management systems (QMS) exist that could be applied to different countries. With that purpose in mind, we aimed to develop a QMS that could be applied to DRs globally, using a Delphi panel to achieve consensus about the items that should constitute the QMS. The panel was constituted by 20 anatomy professors from 20 different countries, and the 167 standards to create the rules or guidelines that constitute the QMS were divided in five categories: direction, body donation, students, instructors, and research. After two rounds of revisions, 150 standards were considered “essential” or “important” by more than 70% of the participants, thus being incorporated to the Dissection Room Quality System (DRQS). The results of this panel represent a minimum list of items of the DRQS for improving the functioning of DRs globally.
Expanding the Genetic Code: Incorporation of Functional Secondary Amines via Stop Codon Suppression
Authors: Gran‐Scheuch Alejandro , Bonandi Elisa , Drienovská Ivana 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEnzymes are attractive catalysts for chemical industries, and their use has become a mature alternative to conventional chemical methods. However, biocatalytic approaches are often restricted to metabolic and less complex reactivities, given the limited amount of functional groups present. This drawback can be addressed by incorporating non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) harboring new‐to‐nature chemical groups. Inspired by organocatalysis, we report the design, synthesis and characterization of a panel of ncAAs harboring functional secondary amines and their cellular incorporation into different protein scaffolds. D/L‐pyrrolidine‐ and D/L‐piperidine‐based ncAAs were successfully site‐specifically incorporated into proteins via stop codon suppression methodology. To demonstrate the utility of these ncAAs, the catalytic performance of the obtained artificial enzymes was investigated in a model Michael addition reaction. The incorporation of pyrrolidine‐ and piperidine‐ based ncAAs significantly expands the available toolbox for protein engineering and chemical biology applications.
Designing and implementation of internet of things (IoT) on physico‐biological treatment of wastewater
Authors: Das Sujata , Sarkar Avijit Deb , Singh Shalini 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe use of Internet of Things (IoT) in industries is not new; however, the amalgamation of IoT and Biotechnology is still less explored. IoT in wastewater treatment comes with a full suite including cloud and its corresponding ecosystem. The available cloud‐based systems are advantageous, but costly and tightly coupled to their own cloud infrastructure. Opportunities are limited for the creation of a hybrid/multiple cloud model as it's difficult to integrate with the legacy system(s) and/or customized systems. The current investigation focuses on designing architechture of an open source IoT platform on an effluent treatment plant (ETP) protoype of textile industry. The designed prototype includes physical (adsorption) and biological (Rotating Biological Contactor, RBC, immobilized with white rot fungus) processes. IoT has been used for automated data monitoring of pH and ultrasound (for effluent flow from one tank to another, with respect to the water level, for processing). The process operated under an optimized pH (6.53±0.15) with reduction of representative wastewater quality parameters, biological & chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and optical density by 78.9, 52.15, 91.6, 20.3 and 88.8%, respectively. The findings demonstrated the reliability of the designed system and the analytics on treatment facilities.
Symbol error probability of mmWave communications with transmit antenna selection and RISs under the impacts of hardware impairments
Authors: Vinh Nguyen Van 
Published: August 2023

SummaryIn practice, hardware impairments (HIs) often exist in wireless devices, especially in low‐cost device systems. However, previous reports usually ignored HIs due to the computational complexity in mathematical derivations, particularly in millimeter‐wave (mmWave) communications. This article proposes the usage of transmit antenna selection (TAS) and multiple reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) to address HIs in mmWave communications. In particular, TAS is utilized at the source to increase the received signal power at the destination and reduce the effects of HIs. Multiple channel gains from RISs are combined with the classical source‐destination channel gain at the destination. The symbol error probability (SEP) expression of the mmWave communications with TAS and RISs under the effects of HIs (shortened as the TAS‐RISs‐HIs communications) is formulated over Nakagami‐
channels and verified through Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of HIs on the SEP of TAS‐RISs‐HIs communications are demonstrated through numerical illustrations. Specifically, the SEP of the TAS‐RISs‐HIs communications is significantly higher than the SEP of the ideal hardware communications with TAS and RISs, especially in the high transmit power regime. As a result, ignoring HIs when evaluating the SEP of the mmWave communications can result in some inappropriate conclusions. Moreover, the joint and separate advantages of TAS and RISs are thoroughly analyzed when comparing the SEPs in the cases with and without TAS, with and without RISs.
Cytomorphologic panorama of giant cell tumour of tendon sheath
Authors: Suneja Priya , Diwaker Preeti , Ranjan Karishma 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundGiant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath (GCTTS) is a slow growing benign soft tissue tumour arising from synovium of tendon sheath or joint. These tumours occur more frequently in upper limbs, especially hands. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cytomorphological spectrum of GCTTS.MethodsThis retrospective study includes a total of 56 cases of GCTTS diagnosed over a period of 8 years. The clinical and radiological details of these cases were retrieved from the cytopathology records and detailed cytomorphological features were studied and analysed. Histopathological correlation was done in 16/56 cases, where follow‐up was available.ResultsThe mean age of patients at the time of presentation was 32 years and were predominantly females (68%). The most common site of GCTTS was fingers (76%), followed by foot, wrist and toes. The most consistent finding on cytology was stromal cells (100%) of polygonal, spindle and plasmacytoid morphology with interspersed multinucleated osteoclastic giant cells (100%), followed by binucleated stromal cells (75%), xanthoma cells (61%) and hemosiderin laden macrophages (52%). Presence of proteinaceous fluid background was also observed in 50% of the cases.ConclusionGCTTS can be diagnosed with certainty on FNAC based on characteristic cytomorphological features in an appropriate clinical and radiological setting. FNAC plays a pivotal role in diagnosing GCTTS and differentiating it from other giant cell rich lesions, thus obviating the need of tissue biopsy for diagnosis, which in turn helps the clinician in timely and adequate management of the patient.
Metastatic juvenile granulosa cell tumor in abdominal wall
Authors: Biswas Dipanwita , Duggal Nisha , Lal Raghav , Dey Pranab 
Published: August 2023

AbstractJuvenile granulosa cell tumor (JGCT) is an uncommon ovarian tumor. There are only a few cases in the literature that depict the cytomorphology of JGCT at the primary/metastatic site. We described the fine‐needle aspiration cytology of a recurrent metastatic JGCT of the anterior abdominal wall, 5 years post‐surgery (total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy).
Fear response of rat pups to a non‐aversive social stimulus: Evidence for the involvement of memory processes
Authors: Zuluaga María José , Agrati Daniella , Athaíde Vanessa , Ferreira Annabel , Uriarte Natalia 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLearning processes in rats during early development are importantly mediated by the mother, which represents the primary source of environmental information. This study aimed to determine whether aversive early experiences can induce the expression of pups' fear responses toward a non‐aversive stimulus as a consequence of a memory process. First, we determined pups’ fear responses toward an anesthetized female after being exposed to this stimulus or an empty cage together with their mothers from Postnatal Day (PNDs) 1 to 4. Second, we evaluated if the administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX; 0.2 mg/kg, subcutaneously (sc).) disrupted the reconsolidation processes and abolished the fear response on PND 9. Only female pups previously exposed to the female intruder expressed fear responses toward an anesthetized female on PND 8. CHX administration to female pups immediately after exposure to an anesthetized female on PND 8 suppressed fear responses on PND 9, indicating that the fear expression was the result of a memory process, probably mediated by the mother. These findings demonstrated that early experiences can shape responses to social stimuli in a sex‐dependent manner and emphasize the critical role of the mother in influencing fear learning in a social context.
Postural analysis reveals persistent changes in paper wasp foundress behavioral state after conspecific challenge
Authors: Legan Andrew W. , Vogt Caleb C. , Sheehan Michael J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractVigilant animals detect and respond to threats in the environment, often changing posture and movement patterns. Vigilance is modulated not only by predators but also by conspecific threats. In social animals, precisely how conspecific threats alter vigilance behavior over time is relevant to long‐standing hypotheses about social plasticity. We report persistent effects of a simulated conspecific challenge on behavior of wild northern paper wasp foundresses, Polistes fuscatus. During the founding phase of the colony cycle, conspecific wasps can usurp nests from the resident foundress, representing a severe threat. We used automated tracking to monitor the movement and posture of P. fuscatus foundresses in response to simulated intrusions. Wasps displayed increased movement, greater bilateral wing extension, and reduced antennal separation after the threat was removed. These changes were not observed after presentation with a wooden dowel. By rapidly adjusting individual behavior after fending off an intruder, paper wasp foundresses might invest in surveillance of potential threats, even when such threats are no longer immediately present. The prolonged vigilance‐like behavioral state observed here is relevant to plasticity of social recognition processes in paper wasps.
Distributional responses to climate change of two maple species in southern China
Authors: Liu De Tuan , Chen Jian Ying , Sun Wei Bang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractClimate change is a major factor affecting biodiversity and species distribution, particularly of montane species. Species may respond to climate change by shifting their range to higher elevations. The southeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and the Hengduan Mountains are considered as global biodiversity hotspots. However, information on the response of maple species to climate change in these regions was limited. Therefore, we selected two maple species that occur there and assessed changes in their habitat suitability under past, present and future climate scenarios in Biomod2. The results showed that temperature seasonality (bio4) was the most critical factor influencing their potential distributions. The distribution of potentially suitable habitat for Acer caesium and Acer stachyophyllum was predicted to be larger during the LGM compared to the present. Under the current climate scenario, the largest areas of potentially suitable habitat for these species were mainly located in southeastern Tibet, the Hengduan Mountains in northwestern Yunnan and western Sichuan, the Qinling‐Daba Mountains in southern Gansu and the Wumeng‐Daliang Mountains in northeastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and southeastern Sichuan. Under future climate change scenarios, the predicted loss of suitable habitat areas for these two species ranged from 13.78% to 45.71% and the increase ranged from 18.88% to 57.98%, with an overall increasing trend. The suitable habitat areas were predicted to shift towards the eastern parts of the QTP under both the pessimistic and optimistic future climate change scenarios in the 2050s and the 2070s, which became evident as global warming intensified, particularly in the eastern QTP and the Hengduan Mountains. Our results highlight the possibility that the diverse topography along altitudinal gradients in the QTP and the Hengduan Mountains may potentially mitigate the range contraction of mountain plants in response to climate warming. These findings provide a basis for planning conservation areas, planting and species conservation in the mountainous areas of southern China under the anticipated global warming.
Photocatalytic C−H Functionalization of Nitrogen Heterocycles Mediated by a Redox Active Protecting Group
Authors: Pizzio Marianela G. , Mata Ernesto G. , Dauban Philippe , Saget Tanguy 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, we report a photocatalytic strategy for the C−H functionalization of saturated azaheterocycles under mild conditions with only one equivalent of starting material. Our strategy is based on a redox active benzamide protecting group that is activated via a halogen‐atom transfer (XAT) process to trigger the formation of an α‐amino radical. This nucleophilic radical intermediate was then engaged in Giese additions and radical cross couplings to afford C−H alkylated and arylated products.