bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defending Phaedra’s Glory
Authors: Puche Océane 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter shows how Marie-Jeanne L’Héritier, the first woman to produce a complete translation of Ovid’s Heroides (1732), defends women’s glory. The example of the fourth letter, ‘Phaedra to Hippolytus’, is particularly pertinent because here L’Héritier constructs a new ethos for Phaedra, guilty, in Ovid’s version, of incestuous love. L’Héritier uses several tools to build that new ethos: she responds to and corrects the other translators of that letter in her prefatory text, she resists the interpretation of Racine’s famous tragedy, Phèdre (1678), and modifies Ovid’s text. To promote women’s glory, L’Héritier rejects the tradition that has been built by male authors and sheds new light on Phaedra, in a representation that downplays her guilt. Beyond the question of guilt, L’Héritier invites the readers to pay attention to Phaedra’s and even her own ars scribendi as the only desirable way for women to achieve glory.
Corinne at the Capitol
Authors: Cox Fiona 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Germaine de Staël’s Corinne ou l’Italie (1807) is one of the most influential and important responses to Rome and her legacy ever penned by a woman. It is surprising, therefore, that so little scholarship exists that analyses the extensive intertextual presences of Latin texts within the novel. This chapter will explore the network of allusions to the Fasti and to the Heroides, as Corinne both celebrates the numinous vestiges of Rome’s past before fashioning herself as one of Ovid’s abandoned women, as she laments Oswald’s departure and betrayal. The chapter will show how the accomplished Corinne, rejoicing in her enjoyment of literature and able to converse about art and architecture, belongs very much within the French tradition of female salonnières. But the intertextual echoes that shape the figure of Corinne belong not only to the past, in the form of the Aeneid or the Heroides, but also to the future, since Corinne is the literary ancestor of the love interest—Cécile—in Michel Butor’s 1957 novel La Modification, one of the most extended meditations on the power of Rome in any language, and also a powerful examination of the enduring network of links and relationships binding Paris and Rome.
Asylum and Immigration Appeals Act 1993
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter explores the Asylum and Immigration Appeals Act 1993. It explains that the provision focused on persons who claim asylum in the United Kingdom and their dependents, while also amending the law with respect to the Immigration Act 1971. Moreover, the provision is an extension to the Immigration (Carriers’ Liability) Act 1987 to transit passengers. The chapter mentions that some provisions within the Act will be repealed by several sections of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999. It considers the supplementary provisions of the Asylum and Immigration Appeals Act 1993, referencing the financial provision, commencement, extent, and short title.
Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter tackles the Special Immigration Appeals Commission Act 1997. It explains that the establishment of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission aims to exercise the jurisdiction conferred by this Act. Moreover, the Commission holds the position of a superior court of record. The chapter then details the requirements for people appealing to the Special Immigration Appeals Commission against a decision. Moreover, the jurisdiction extends to the review of certain exclusions, certain naturalisation and citizenship, deportation, and immigration decisions. When the Special Immigration Appeals Commission has made a final determination of an appeal, any party to the appeal may bring a further appeal to the appropriate appeal court on any question of the law material.
Immigration Rules
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the Immigration Rules. The Home Secretary has made changes in the Rules laid down by him as to the practice to be followed in the administration of the Immigration Acts for regulating entry into and the stay of persons in the United Kingdom and contained in the statement laid before Parliament on 23 March 1990 (HC 251). Under the Immigration Rules, Immigration Officers, Entry Clearance Officers, and all staff of the Home Office will carry out their duties without regard to the race, colour, or religion of persons seeking to enter or remain in the United Kingdom. The chapter begins with the general provisions before considering the provisions for persons seeking to enter or remain in the United Kingdom for studies, for employment, or as a self-employed person. It then details the grounds for refusal of entry clearance, permission to enter, and permission to stay. Finally, the chapter looks at the provisions for asylum, deportation, and stateless persons.
The Channel Tunnel (International Arrangements) Order 1993
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the Channel Tunnel (International Arrangements) Order 1993. The Order provides that all frontier control enactments, except those relating to transport and road traffic controls, shall for the purpose of enabling officers belonging to the United Kingdom to carry out frontier controls extend to France within a control zone. Moreover, the Equality Act 2010 shall apply to the carrying out by immigration officers of their functions in a control zone or a supplementary control zone outside the United Kingdom as it applies to the carrying out of their functions within the United Kingdom. Without prejudice to the generality of [articles 4(1), 4(1B), and 5(1)], the frontier control enactments mentioned in Schedule 4 shall in their application to France and the United Kingdom, within the tunnel system and elsewhere for the authorised purposes, have effect with the modifications set out in Schedule 4. The chapter then details the enactments modified.
The Immigration (Leave to Enter) Order 2001
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the Immigration (Leave to Enter) Order 2001. Where Article 2 applies to a person, the Secretary of State may give or refuse them leave to enter the United Kingdom. Article 2 applies to a person who seeks leave to enter the United Kingdom and who has made a claim for asylum or has made a claim that it would be contrary to the United Kingdom’s obligations under the Human Rights Convention for them to be removed from, or required to leave, the United Kingdom. This Article also applies to a person who seeks leave to enter the United Kingdom for a purpose not covered by the immigration rules or otherwise on the grounds that those rules should be departed from in their case. In relation to the giving or refusing of leave to enter by the Secretary of State under Article 2, paragraphs 2 (examination by immigration officers, and medical examination), 4 (information and documents), 7(1), (3), and (4) (power to require medical examination after entry), 8 (removal of persons refused leave to enter), and 9 (removal of illegal entrants) of Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971 shall be read as if references to an immigration officer included references to the Secretary of State.
The British Nationality (General) Regulations 2003
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the British Nationality (General) Regulations 2003, which came into force on 1 April 2003. Any application for registration as a British citizen, British Overseas citizen or British subject, or for a certificate of naturalisation as a British citizen shall be made to the appropriate authority specified in regulation 4. For persons not of full age or capacity, an application may be made by their father or mother or any person who has assumed responsibility for their welfare. Subject to regulation 7B, where an individual makes an application for registration or naturalisation as a British citizen, an authorised person may require the individual to provide biometric information. The chapter then looks at the process for renunciation of British citizenship, British Overseas citizenship, or the status of a British subject.
The Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (Part V Exemption: Relevant Employers) Order 2003
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter details the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (Part V Exemption: Relevant Employers) Order 2003. This order came into force on 1 January 2004. Subject to paragraph (2), regulation 3 specifies the category of person for the purposes of section 84(4)(d) of the Immigration and Asylum Act 1999 (provision of immigration services). This category of person provides immigration advice or immigration services free of charge to an employee or prospective employee who is the subject of an application for a work permit submitted by the prospective employer; has been granted a work permit entitling him to work with the employer; where the immigration advice or immigration services are restricted to matters which concern that employee or prospective employee or their immediate family. For the purposes of paragraph (1), the person providing the immigration advice or immigration services must be the employer or prospective employer of the person receiving the advice or services, or an employee of that employer acting as such.
The British Nationality (Proof of Paternity) Regulations 2006
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the British Nationality (Proof of Paternity) Regulations 2006. These Regulations came into force on 1 July 2006. For the purposes of section 50(9A)(c) of the British Nationality Act 1981, the prescribed requirement as to proof of paternity is that the person must satisfy the Secretary of State that he is the natural father of the child. The Secretary of State may determine whether a person is the natural father of a child for the purpose of regulation 2. For this purpose, the Secretary of State may have regard to any evidence which he considers to be relevant, including, but not limited to, DNA test reports, court orders, and birth certificates.
The Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the Transfer of Functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal Order 2010, which came into force on 15 February 2010. The Order concerns the abolishment of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal. The functions of the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal are thus transferred to the First-tier Tribunal. The Asylum and Immigration Tribunal (Procedure) Rules 2005 and the Asylum and Immigration Tribunal (Procedure) (Fast-track) Rules 2005 have effect as if they were Tribunal Procedure Rules. The chapter then looks at the transitional and saving provisions under Schedule 4, which concern appeals and applications for bail; application for review under section 103A of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002; and the time period for making an appeal or application.
The Proposed Marriages and Civil Partnerships (Meaning of Exempt Persons and Notice) Regulations 2015
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter highlights the regulations may be cited as the Proposed Marriages and Civil Partnerships (Meaning of Exempt Persons and Notice) Regulations 2015, which took effect on 2 March 2015. It explains that a person is exempted from immigration control if he has the right of abode in the United Kingdom. It also describes the kinds of visa or other authorisation specified for the entry clearance or leave to enter as a visitor under the immigration rules for the purpose of marriage or civil partnership. The chapter considers a visa or other authorisation for the purpose of entry clearance or leave to enter as a visitor if the relevant visa was given to a party in respect of a proposed marriage or as a proposed registration of a civil partnership. It mentions a notice that is required to be given by the Secretary of State to a party.
The Immigration (Residential Accommodation) (Termination of Residential Tenancy Agreements) (Guidance etc.) Regulations 2016
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter is about the Immigration (Residential Accommodation) (Termination of Residential Tenancy Agreements) (Guidance etc.) Regulations 2016. The text of the SI is not reproduced.
The Citizens’ Rights (Frontier Workers) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews regulations that may be cited as the Citizens’ Rights (Frontier Workers) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020, which come into force on the day after the day on which they are made. It details how a person is to be treated as not being primarily resident in the United Kingdom if they have returned to their country of residence. It also considers a person who is no longer a worker in the United Kingdom as someone to be treated as such if the person is temporarily unable to work as the result of an illness or accident. The chapter mentions the Secretary of State, who must issue a frontier worker permit to a frontier worker on receipt of a valid application. It also discusses how the Secretary of State may refuse to issue a frontier worker permit if justified on grounds of public policy, public security, or public health.
Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter mentions the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that have affirmed the principle that human beings shall enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms without discrimination. It describes the manifestation of the United Nations of profound concern for stateless persons, which endeavoured to assure stateless persons the widest possible exercise of fundamental rights and freedoms. It also points out that stateless persons who are refugees are covered by the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees of 28 July 1951. The chapter considers a stateless person as a person who is not considered as a national by any State. It looks at the duties of a stateless person to the country in which he finds himself, which require him to conform to its laws and regulations.
Nationality and Borders Act 2022
Authors: Allen Frances , Gasparro Julia , Swaney Jo , Phelan Margaret , Gillespie James 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter covers the content of the Nationality and Borders Act 2022. The provision of the Act mainly focuses on nationality, asylum, and immigration in an effort to address victims of slavery or human trafficking. An asylum claim must be made in person at a designated place recognised by the Secretary of State in the United Kingdom. Meanwhile, the Nationality and Borders Act 2022 also aims to provide the power to charge participants where their behaviour has wasted the Tribunal’s resources. The chapter then considers the inadmissibility of asylum claims by EU nationals and people with connections to safe third States.
An Introduction to the History of Hylomorphism
Authors: Charles David 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The Introduction traces the ways in which Aristotle’s version of hylomorphism was interpreted and reinterpreted by critics and defenders alike in the nearly two millennia that separate its original formulation and its critical reception by Descartes. This process was lengthy and complex as subsequent writers, from the Stoics to Aquinas and Suárez considered problems within hylomorphism itself and raised, or attempted to respond to, objections to its central claims. In doing so, they were led to formulate the two component account of substances with which we are now familiar and paved the way for Descartes and later philosophers to set up the mind-body problem in the form that still perplexes us. The Introduction sets out and critically assesses their motivations for doing so.
Galen on the Form and Substance of the Soul
Authors: Marechal Patricia 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In On My Own Opinions, Galen claims to agree with Aristotle that the soul is the form of the body. Elsewhere, he says that the substance of the soul is a bodily mixture, and that the soul is the form of body in the sense that it is the principle of mixing of the elements. As is well known, Aristotle explicitly rejects this sort of materialist account of the soul. In De Anima, he tells us that the soul cannot be a harmonia of bodily elements, understood either as the proportion according to which the elements are mixed or as the mixtures themselves. In this chapter, I argue that Galen rejects a substantive version of hylomorphism, in favour of a view according to which the soul’s substance is nothing other than a bodily mixture. Galen’s position contains a veiled objection to Aristotelian form as a genuine metaphysical and explanatory category
Alexander of Aphrodisias’ Emergentism
Authors: Caston Victor 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Alexander of Aphrodisias offers a systematic metaphysics of form and matter in his De Anima. He argues for materialism wherever change is involved, as only bodies can act or be acted upon, but they do so in virtue of their forms. The underlying matter may itself be a body, also composed of matter and form; and this may be iterated until ultimately ‘prime matter’ is reached. At each level, the form is responsible not only for what something is, but its causal powers to behave in the ways characteristic of that type of thing. The forms within the underlying matter both make the matter suitable for performing the composite’s functions, but also determine which form supervenes on it—on Alexander’s view, forms co-vary with the types of underlying matter, without sacrificing their causal priority and efficacy. He is thus committed to emergentism, a type of non-reductive materialism.
Alexander of Aphrodisias on the Ancient Debate on Hylomorphism and the Development of Intellect
Authors: de Haas Frans A.J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Alexander of Aphrodisias and his school have preserved traces of the debate on the relation between form and matter that took place in the centuries leading up to 200 ce: especially Mantissa 5, and Quaestiones I.8, I.17, and I.26 discuss the questions to which Alexander’s general account of hylomorphism in De Anima 1–26 seems to be his most considered answer. Alexander discussed various interpretations of Aristotle’s hylomorphism of Platonic, Stoic, and Aristotelian origin. His main concern is to provide a comprehensive version of hylomorphism, and to refute the suggestion that Aristotle’s texts are in any way incoherent.
Plotinus on Hylomorphic Forms
Authors: Chiaradonna Riccardo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Plotinus’ engagement with Aristotle’s hylomorphism against the wider background of Plotinus’ account of living beings. Plotinus’ general point throughout his writings is that, whatever one might think of the soul as an enmattered form, its status is not sufficiently distinct from that of the body and of its attributes. So Aristotle cannot ground his own distinction between body and soul, since the soul is an attribute among others and all attempts to make sense of its status and of its causal role are doomed to fail. This chapter outlines Plotinus’ critical approach to Aristotle’s hylomorphism from the early treatise 4.7 through the treatises on the soul (4.3 and 4.4) down to the treatises 6.7 and 6.3, where Plotinus develops his own sophisticated theory of incorporeal forms. Particular attention is paid to the status of living bodies within Plotinus’ account of causation.
Philoponus and Alexander in Historical Context on Relations between Matter and Form Inside and Outside Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Sorabji Richard 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
John Philoponus, the Christian commentator on Aristotle in Alexandria of the 6th century ce, elucidated several relations between matter and form, most of them, but not all, from the context of philosophy of mind. This essay places his discussion in the context of earlier accounts of the relations between bodily elements and the soul, including those offered by Galen, Proclus, and Alexander of Aphrodisias and assesses his distinctive contribution. Special attention is given to developing an interpretation of the key terms that Philoponus used in formulating his account: ‘supervening’, ‘following from’, and ‘resulting from’.
Hoc Aliquid
Authors: Shields Christopher 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Aquinas inherits a problem implicit in all hylomorphic accounts of living beings, namely the problem of how the soul can be both a form and something particular. This question takes on a particular urgency for Aquinas, because he accepts as a Catholic dogma a thesis redolent of Platonic dualism, that the soul can subsist without the body whose soul it is. If forms are universals, however, then souls are both particulars and universals—an initially unhappy sounding result. Much to his credit, Aquinas addresses this problem head on. In fact, the very first question of his Quaestiones de Anima poses it directly. He wants to know, first and foremost, whether the soul can be both a form and this something (utrum anima humana possit esse forma et hoc aliquid; QdA 1). His response: yes, it can. The soul is both a form and this something.
Suárez’ Compositional Account of Substance
Authors: Perler Dominik 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
According to Francisco Suárez, a substance is literally composed of many entities and therefore displays a complex internal structure. The chapter examines this compositional account of substance, arguing that Suárez radically transformed hylomorphism. It first looks at the ‘thin substance’, which consists of form and matter as the most basic entities. It pays particular attention to Suárez’ thesis that these two entities are really distinct from each other and therefore in need of a special relation that connects them. The chapter then analyses the ‘thick substance’, which has additional powers and properties. All of them are distinct entities that somehow enrich the form-matter compound. In providing this compositional account, Suárez presents metaphysics as a way of doing reverse engineering: we do not know what a substance is unless we decompose it in our thoughts and reconstruct it.
The Regulation of E-commerce Post-Brexit
Authors: Harcourt Alison 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This chapter investigates the UK as the EU’s largest trading partner for e-commerce and, until recently, the most popular country for European shoppers online. It traces the history of EU e-commerce legislation which contains a strong soft governance component under influence from UK models. The chapter shows that the UK is viewed by the EU very much as a competitor on its doorstep. The EU accelerated its legislative train, embracing greater use of statutory instruments post-Brexit. As a third country, UK-based companies offering cross-border digital goods and services have been met with a whole host of new rules and customers are faced with difficulties with online dispute resolution mechanisms constituting more complex arrangements for cross-border e-commerce.