bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery/Superficial Inferior Epigastric Artery Adipofascial Flaps for Facial Reconstruction of Linear Scleroderma
Authors: Xie Jiangmiao , Zhang Wenchao , Yang Elan , Zeng Ang 
Published: September 2023

Background
Linear scleroderma is an autoimmune connective disorder characterized by a saber-shaped facial deformity. The superficial circumflex iliac artery/superficial inferior epigastric artery (SCIA/SIEA) adipofascial flap is versatile for facial reconstruction, providing excellent aesthetic outcomes and minimal donor-site morbidity. Thus, this study aimed to share our experience of successfully treating linear scleroderma using single-stage SCIA/SIEA adipofascial flap microsurgery transplantation.

Methods
To correct asymmetric facial malformations, the SCIA/SIEA adipofascial flap transplantation was performed on 5 individuals with linear scleroderma. The flap was harvested based on SCIA or SIEA patterns and diameters. Donor and recipient vessels, postoperative complications, aesthetic outcomes, and patient satisfaction were recorded.

Results
All flaps survived with zero necrosis. Regarding the donor artery, SIEA was performed on 1 patient (1 of 5) and SCIA on 2 patients (2 of 5), and the remaining 2 patients (2 of 5) used the common trunk. Patients maintained a satisfactory facial counter-correction 6 to 10 years postoperatively. The complications included localized desquamate and hypotrichosis.

Conclusions
Free SCIA/SIEA adipofascial flaps improved facial linear scleroderma's long-term functional and morphological outcomes. This SCIA/SIEA adipofascial flap offers low mortality, invisible scars, and stable aesthetic outcomes compared with anterolateral thigh flap, parascapular flaps, and fat transplantation.
The Role of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Primary and Secondary Implant-Based Breast Augmentation
Authors: Villanueva Karie G. , Barr Meaghan L. , Klingbeil Kyle D. , Tranfield Wynn , Festekjian Jaco 
Published: September 2023

Background
The administration of antibiotic prophylaxis for implant-based breast augmentation (IBBA) is commonplace among many plastic surgeons. However, the current literature lacks evidence-based recommendations to support this practice. Although few studies have demonstrated a reduction in surgical site infection (SSI) and capsular contracture (CC) with antibiotics, these studies were underpowered and poorly designed. The aim of this study was to provide an updated comprehensive analysis of the literature to revisit the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane was performed from January 1989 to January 2022. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving primary and secondary IBBA and use of antibiotic prophylaxis were included. Primary outcomes included SSI and CC. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using standardized tools. A meta-analysis was performed for eligible studies. Trial Sequential Analysis was used to assess the need for future RCTs.

Results
A total of 5 studies (3 observational and 2 RCTs) with 2383 patients were included in this study. Rates of SSI ranged from 0% to 2.3%, whereas CC ranged from 0% to 53%. Antibiotic prophylaxis showed no benefit for both SSI (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–4.13) and CC (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–45.72). Trial Sequential Analysis demonstrated that further high-quality RCTs are needed.

Conclusions
Antibiotic prophylaxis for IBBA failed to demonstrate improvements in SSI and CC in this comprehensive review. Current evidence was shown to be of low quality because of heterogeneity and high risk for bias. Further high-quality multicentered RCTs are warranted to fully evaluate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis for IBBA.
Mechanisms inherent in acute-to-chronic pain after surgery – risk, diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic factors
Authors: Rosenberger Daniela C. , Segelcke Daniel , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther M. 
Published: September 2023

Purpose of review
Pain is an expected consequence of a surgery, but it is far from being well controlled. One major complication of acute pain is its risk of persistency beyond healing. This so-called chronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) is defined as new or increased pain due to surgery that lasts for at least 3 months after surgery. CPSP is frequent, underlies a complex bio-psycho-social process and constitutes an important socioeconomic challenge with significant impact on patients’ quality of life. Its importance has been recognized by its inclusion in the eleventh version of the ICD (International Classification of Diseases).

Recent findings
Evidence for most pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions preventing CPSP is inconsistent. Identification of associated patient-related factors, such as psychosocial aspects, comorbidities, surgical factors, pain trajectories, or biomarkers may allow stratification and selection of treatment options based on underlying individual mechanisms. Consequently, the identification of patients at risk and implementation of individually tailored, preventive, multimodal treatment to reduce the risk of transition from acute to chronic pain is facilitated.

Summary
This review will give an update on current knowledge on mechanism-based risk, prognostic and predictive factors for CPSP in adults, and preventive and therapeutic approaches, and how to use them for patient stratification in the future.
Thermochemistry of hybrid materials
Authors: Navrotsky Alexandra , Leonel Gerson J. 
Published: September 2023

This paper is based on a lecture Navrotsky gave honouring the memory of Paul McMillan. It summarizes our recent findings in the thermodynamics of hybrid materials including metal organic frameworks (MOFs), polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) and ionic organic–inorganic compounds. This work describes the main structure types and their corresponding thermodynamic stability, obtained from calorimetric measurements in our laboratory. The effects of linker substituent and framework topology on the thermodynamic stability of isostructural zeolitic imidazolate frameworks and other MOFs are discussed. The paper documents the effects of interdomain interaction and bonding speciation on the thermodynamic stability of various PDC compositions, including SiC, SiOC and SiCN systems. The paper further describes effects of different cations on the thermodynamic stability of selected ionic organic–inorganic compounds. Similarities and differences among these materials are emphasized.This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
Recent developments in X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography for materials science
Authors: Omori Naomi E. , Bobitan Antonia D. , Vamvakeros Antonis , Beale Andrew M. , Jacques Simon D. M. 
Published: September 2023

X-ray diffraction/scattering computed tomography (XDS-CT) methods are a non-destructive class of chemical imaging techniques that have the capacity to provide reconstructions of sample cross-sections with spatially resolved chemical information. While X-ray diffraction CT (XRD-CT) is the most well-established method, recent advances in instrumentation and data reconstruction have seen greater use of related techniques like small angle X-ray scattering CT and pair distribution function CT. Additionally, the adoption of machine learning techniques for tomographic reconstruction and data analysis are fundamentally disrupting how XDS-CT data is processed. The following narrative review highlights recent developments and applications of XDS-CT with a focus on studies in the last five years.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
Multiple interspecies recombination events documented by whole genome sequencing in multidrug resistant Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates.
Authors: Michel Charlotte , Argudín Maria A. , Wautier Magali , Echahidi F. , Prevost Benoit , Vandenberg Olivier , Martiny Delphine , Hallin Marie 
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) was long known as an easy-to-treat bacterium but the rise of resistance against beta-lactams and other critically important antibiotics is now an increasing concern. We describe here the whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of three non-typeable Hi isolates received in 2018 – 2019 by the Belgian National Reference Centre (NRC) for Haemophilus influenzae as they presented an unusual multi-resistant profile.
Methods: All three isolates were sequenced by WGS and mapped to the Reference isolate Hi Rd KW20. Shorten Uptake signal sequence (USS) known to be associated with homologous recombination were sought in ftsI, murE and murF genes, and inner partial sequences were compared to the database of Blast nucleotide to look for similarity with other Haemophilus species. Their Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) genotype was studied. Core-genome MLST was performed on NTHi database pubMLST to place our isolates in the actual worldwide epidemiology.
Results: The isolates also harboured interspecies recombination patterns in the murF-murE-ftsI regioninvolved in cell wall synthesis. The three isolates were multidrug resistant and two of them were also resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and showed a reduced susceptibility to meropenem. All three isolates belonged to the MLST Clonal Complex (CC) 422, and WGS revealed that the three were very similar. They harbored mobile genetic elements (carrying blaTEM-1B, mefA and msrD genes associated with resistance), mutations in gyrA and parC linked to fluoroquinolone resistance as well as remodelling events in ompP2 that might be related to lower carbapenem susceptibility.
Conclusion: The Hi evolution towards antimicrobial multiresistance (AMR) is a complex and poorly understood phenomenon, although probably linked in majority to the presence of USS and exchange within the Pasteurellaceae family. To better understand the respective roles of clonal expansion, horizontal gene transfers, spontaneous mutations and interspecies genetic rearrangements in shaping Hi AMR , both analysis of Hi communities over time within individuals and worldwide monitoring of non-typeable Hi causing infectionsshould be conducted.
PATHOGENECITY AND ENZYME SCREENING OF SOME SELECTED NON-DERMATOPHYTIC MOLDS
Authors: Nwofor CN , Onyenwe NE , Osuaha CB 
Published: September 2023

A total of 10 non-dermatophytic molds isolated from both symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle skin which includes Penicillumcitrinum, Aspergillus welwitschiae, Aspergillus aculeatus, Curvulariakusanol, Cladosporium teniussmum, Pestalotiopsismicrospora, Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium linchenicola, Absidia sp. and Aspergillus fumigatus were subjected to a pathogenecity test using albino mice. These isolates were also screened for five enzymes using standard plate method.Result from pathogenecity test showed that Absidiasp, C.tenuissimum and Aspergillus welwitschiae were able to elicit discolouration, lesion production and alopecia on the albino mice skin respectively which are evidences of clinical symptoms associated of cutaneous mycoses. For enzyme screening resultrevealed the highest zone of activity for keratinase (65mm), amylase (86mm), protease (60mm), lipase (60mm) and cellulase (86mm) which were observed on P.microspora, A.welwitschiae, C.tenuissimum, A.welwitschiae and A. welwitschiaerespectively. Pathogenecity test from this study shows that some of these molds are highly virulent and that can be attributed to their ability to posses some virulent factors which includes secretion of hydrolytic enzyme.
Activation mechanism of the cardiac calcium pump by a small-molecule allosteric modulator
Authors: Šeflová Jaroslava , Cruz-Cortés Carlos , Guerrero-Serna Guadalupe , Robia Seth L. , Espinoza-Fonseca L. Michel 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTThe discovery of small-molecule allosteric modulators is an emerging paradigm in drug discovery, and signal transduction is a subtle and dynamic process that is challenging to characterize. We developed a time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) imaging approach to investigate the activation mechanism of a druggable protein by a small-molecule allosteric modulator. We tested this approach using the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), an important pharmacological target that transports Ca2+at the expense of ATP hydrolysis in the heart. We found that CDN1163, a validated SERCA2a activator, does not dissociate the endogenous complex between SERCA2a and its regulator phospholamban (PLN) in the presence of either Ca2+or AMP-PCP, a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog. CDN1163 does not influence SERCA2a’s affinity for Ca2+ions at functionally relevant conditions. Global analysis of the fluorescence lifetimes showed that ATP is both a substrate and a modulator that populates competent SERCA2a conformations. Interestingly, CDN1163 alone does not significantly induce changes in the structural populations of SERCA2a. Instead, CDN1163 potentiates the effects of ATP to further shift the equilibrium toward a competent SERCA2a conformation. Importantly, this population shift occurs at sub-physiological conditions, and within physiological Ca2+concentrations at which SERCA2a operates. We propose an activation mechanism whereby a small-molecule modulator synergizes with ATP to stabilize a conformation of SERCA2a primed for activation. This study demonstrates the power of TCSPC to reveal novel insights into how structural and biochemical states are coupled to allosterically activate a pharmacological target in the heart.
MAGIK: A rapid and efficient method to create lineage-specific reporters in human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Haideri Tahir , Lin Jirong , Bao Xiaoping , Lian Xiaojun Lance 
Published: September 2023

SummaryPrecise insertion of a fluorescent protein into a lineage-specific gene in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) presents challenges due to the low knockin efficiency and difficulties in selecting the correctly targeted cells. Here we introduce the ModRNA-based Activation for Gene Insertion and Knockin (MAGIK) approach to enhance knockin efficacy in hPSCs. MAGIK operates in two steps: first, it employs a Cas9-2A-p53DD modRNA with a mini-donor plasmid (without a drug-selection cassette) to significantly enhance efficiency; second, a dCas9 activator modRNA and a dgRNA are used to temporarily activate the successfully targeted gene, allowing for live cell sorting without single cell cloning. Consequently, MAGIK eliminates the need for drug selection cassettes or labor-intensive single cell colony screening, expediting precise genetic integration. We have demonstrated that MAGIK can be utilized to insert fluorescent proteins into various genes, includingSOX17, NKX6.1, NKX2.5andPDX1, across multiple hPSC lines, showcasing its robustness. This innovative MAGIK approach streamlines the process and provides a promising solution for targeted genetic modifications in hPSCs.
Clinical actionability of genetic findings in cerebral palsy
Authors: Lewis Sara A , Chopra Maya , Cohen Julie S. , Bain Jennifer , Aravamuthan Bhooma , Carmel Jason B , Fahey Michael C , Segel Reeval , Wintle Richard F , Zech Michael , May Halie , Haque Nahla , Fehlings Darcy , Srivastava Siddharth , Kruer Michael C 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTBackground and objectivesSingle gene mutations are increasingly recognized as causes of cerebral palsy (CP) phenotypes, yet there is currently no standardized framework for measuring their clinical impact. We evaluated Pathogenic/Likely Pathogenic (P/LP) variants identified in individuals with CP to determine how frequently genetic testing results would prompt changes in care.MethodsWe analyzed published P/LP variants in OMIM genes identified in clinical (n = 1,345 individuals) or research (n = 496) cohorts using exome sequencing of CP patients. We established a working group of clinical and research geneticists, developmental pediatricians, genetic counselors, and neurologists and performed a systematic review of existing literature for evidence of clinical management approaches linked to genetic disorders. Scoring rubrics were adapted, and a modified Delphi approach was used to build consensus and establish the anticipated impact on patient care. Overallclinical utilitywas calculated from metrics assessingoutcome severityif left untreated,safety/practicalityof the intervention, and anticipated interventionefficacy.ResultsWe found 140/1,841 (8%) of individuals in published CP cohorts had a genetic diagnosis classified asactionable, defined as prompting a change in clinical management based on knowledge related to the genetic etiology. 58/243 genes with P/LP variants were classified as actionable; 16 had treatment options targeting theprimary disease mechanism, 16 hadspecific prevention strategies, and 26 hadspecific symptom managementrecommendations. The level of evidence was also graded according to ClinGen criteria; 44.6% of interventions had evidence class “D” or below. The potential interventions haveclinical utilitywith 97% of outcomes being moderate-highseverityif left untreated and 62% of interventions predicted to be of moderate-highefficacy. Most interventions (71%) were considered moderate-highsafety/practicality.DiscussionOur findings indicate that actionable genetic findings occur in 8% of individuals referred for genetic testing with CP. Evaluation of potentialefficacy, outcomeseverity, and interventionsafety/practicalityindicates moderate-highclinical utilityof these genetic findings. Thus, genetic sequencing to identify these individuals for precision medicine interventions could improve outcomes and provide clinical benefit to individuals with CP. The relatively limited evidence base for most interventions underscores the need for additional research.
Comparison of COVID-19 and Influenza-Related Outcomes in the United States during Fall-Winter 2022-2023
Authors: Kopel Hagit , Bogdanov Alina , Winer-Jones Jessamine , Adams Christopher , Winer Isabelle , Bonafede Mac , Nguyen Van Hung , Mansi James A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundThree years into the pandemic, SARS-COV-2 remains a significant burden in comparison to other respiratory illnesses; however, many of the monitoring tools available during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic have been phased out, making it more difficult to track the current burden of outpatient medical encounters and hospitalizations, especially for at-risk groups. The objective of this analysis was to characterize the frequency and severity of medically-attended COVID-19 and influenza during peak influenza activity in the pediatric (0-17), adult (18-64), and older adult (65+) populations and characterize the prevalence of underlying medical conditions among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of individuals in the Veradigm Health Insights EHR Database linked to Komodo claims data with a medical encounter of claim between October 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023. We captured age, sex, and underlying medical conditions associated with higher risk for severe COVID-19 during a 12-month baseline period. We identified patients with medical encounters with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or influenza between October 1, 2022, and March 31, 2023, and stratified them into 5 mutually exclusive categories based on the highest level of care received with that diagnosis during the season (intensive care unit [ICU] > hospitalization without ICU > emergency department > urgent care > other outpatient).ResultsAmong the 23,526,196 individuals in the dataset, 5.0% had a COVID-19-related medical encounter, and 3.0% had an influenza-related medical encounter during the 6 month observation period. The incidence of hospitalizations with a COVID-19 diagnosis was 4.6 times higher than the incidence of hospitalizations with an influenza diagnosis. Hospitalizations with COVID-19 were higher in all age groups. Nearly all adults hospitalized with COVID-19 had at least one underlying medical condition, but 25.8% of 0-5-year-olds and 18.3% of 6-17-year-olds had no underlying medical conditions.ConclusionsCOVID-19 continues to place a heavy burden on the United States healthcare system and was associated with more medical encounters in all age groups, including hospitalizations, than influenza during a 6-month period that included the 2022-2023 peak influenza activity.
Fine Needle Aspiration Versus the CytoCore® Motorized Rotating Needle Device for Thyroid Nodule Biopsies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Verma Adarsh , McDowell Rhonda , Porreca Anthony 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundWhile ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (US-FNA) is commonly used to biopsy suspicious thyroid nodules, its use is associated with a high rate of nondiagnostic and indeterminate samples. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of a new motorized FNA device (CytoCore®, Praxis Medical) to a historical cohort of patients biopsied using US-FNA within the same health system and literature controls.Materials and MethodsData from 120 patients with suspicious thyroid nodules undergoing thyroid biopsy with a motorized FNA device between March 2022 and August 2023 was retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, lesion characteristics, number of passes required, Bethesda category, and cellularity scores were compared to a historical control cohort of 100 patients who underwent US-FNA between March 2019 and March 2020. All patients underwent the procedure within the same health system. Nondiagnostic and indeterminate samples rates for the motorized FNA device were separately compared to literature controls.ResultsA significantly reduced median number of passes were required with the motorized FNA device compared to US-FNA (z= 8.235,p< .001). Adequate samples were obtained after the first pass for 58% of nodules biopsied with motorized FNA device compared to only 11% with US-FNA. The cumulative percentage of adequate samples increased to 98% after two passes for the motorized FNA group versus only 58% for the US-FNA group. Eleven percent of subjects in the US-FNA required 5 passes to obtain an adequate sample. The mean cellularity score was also greater for the motorized FNA group (3.5 ± 0.5 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6;z= 5.201,p< .001). Compared to published rates, the motorized had a lower nondiagnostic rate (2.0% vs. 10% to 15%) and lower indeterminate rate (8.3% vs. 20%; p=0.05) compared to the use of FNA.ConclusionThe motorized FNA device requires less passes to obtain an adequate biopsy than US-FNA, thus decreasing procedure length, tissue trauma, and damage to the specimen damage. Its use is also associated with obtaining samples with a higher cellularity and lower nondiagnostic and indeterminate sample rates.