bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, manufacturing, and testing of 0.35/25 kV, 20 kHz transformers for particle accelerators
Authors: Chakraborty Aritra , Christian Paul D. , S Amal , Kumar Saurabh , Kundu Ananya , Mankani Ashok , Baruah Ujjwal K. 
Published: July 2023

A high voltage, high frequency transformer unit has been designed and built for powering the Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier to be used as part of a particle accelerator power supply at the Institute For Plasma Research, India, for the nuclear fusion research facility. A novel combination of high voltage (25 kV), high frequency (20 kHz), and high power (70 kV A) specifications makes its design distinctive and more challenging. The complete unit is composed of two 0.350/25 kV amorphous core transformers connected in center-tap configuration and immersed in an oil-filled tank. To facilitate an iterative design procedure, a spreadsheet method was utilized. The design involved a methodical approach for the core and winding selection, followed by the magnetic analysis and high voltage insulation layout through the finite element method. All the magnetic, electrical, and thermal parameters have been evaluated in detail, assuring a continuous stable operation having an efficiency of greater than 95%. Finally, the transformers were made, and preliminary experiments, including turns ratio, short-circuit, and dielectric tests, were carried out to verify the accuracy of the proposed design. The unit was also field tested under actual load conditions, and the test results were presented and corroborated with the design calculations.
Electromagnetic pulse protective shielding for digital x-ray detectors
Authors: Schreiner Stephan , Rauch Constantin , Akstaller Bernhard , Bleuel Paulina , Fröjdh Eric , Martynenko Artem S. , Mozzanica Aldo , Neumayer Paul , Wegert Leonard , Zielbauer Bernhard , Zink Adrian , Anton Gisela , Michel Thilo , Funk Stefan 
Published: July 2023

Laser-driven x-ray backlighting can be used to image fast dynamic processes like the propagation of laser-driven shock waves in matter. We demonstrate and evaluate the feasibility of operating the JUNGFRAU detector designed by PSI, a direct detecting x-ray detector, in environments with extreme electromagnetic pulses. The electromagnetic pulse-protective housing is specifically designed for this detector and optimized for pump-probe experiments at the Petawatt High-Energy Laser for Heavy Ion EXperiments (PHELIX) facility at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH. The beryllium x-ray entrance window of the protective housing has a high x-ray transmission of 94% at 8 keV. Measurements have shown that the housing simultaneously provides a relative damping of the electromagnetic field on average higher than 1000 in the frequency range of 100 MHz to 5 GHz. The results demonstrate the feasibility of operating digital detectors in experiments where strong electromagnetic pulses are present.
Versatile recognition of graphene layers from optical images under controlled illumination through green channel correlation method
Authors: Sahriar Miah Abdullah , Abed Mohd. Rakibul Hasan , Nirjhar Ahsiur Rahman , Dipon Nazmul Ahsan , Tan-Ema Sadika Jannath , Somphonsane Ratchanok , Buapan Kanokwan , Wei Yong , Ramamoorthy Harihara , Jang Houk , Nam Chang-Yong , Ahmed Saquib 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this study, a simple yet versatile method is proposed for identifying the number of exfoliated graphene layers transferred on an oxide substrate from optical images, utilizing a limited number of input images for training, paired with a more traditional number of a few thousand well-published Github images for testing and predicting. Two thresholding approaches, namely the standard deviation-based approach and the linear regression-based approach, were employed in this study. The method specifically leverages the red, green, and blue color channels of image pixels and creates a correlation between the green channel of the background and the green channel of the various layers of graphene. This method proves to be a feasible alternative to deep learning-based graphene recognition and traditional microscopic analysis. The proposed methodology performs well under conditions where the effect of surrounding light on the graphene-on-oxide sample is minimum and allows rapid identification of the various graphene layers. The study additionally addresses the functionality of the proposed methodology with nonhomogeneous lighting conditions, showcasing successful prediction of graphene layers from images that are lower in quality compared to typically published in literature. In all, the proposed methodology opens up the possibility for the non-destructive identification of graphene layers from optical images by utilizing a new and versatile method that is quick, inexpensive, and works well with fewer images that are not necessarily of high quality.
Phase transition in bilayer MoS2 under tensile loading: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Rahman Mahabubur , Zhao Huijuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), especially single-layer MoS2, has been experimentally and computationally discovered to exist in several different polymorphs exhibiting various electronic and mechanical properties. The morphology of MoS2 can be tuned through strain engineering. Molecular dynamics simulations are conducted to systematically study the phase transition of single-layer MoS2 and bilayer MoS2 under the uniaxial tensile condition at room temperature. The roles of edge and S-line vacancy are investigated. Phase transitions are always triggered near the edge and vacancy sites. The initiation of the metastable T″ phase can release the tensile stress in the lattice, followed by I4/mmm phase initiation, regardless of the edge conditions. The growth of the I4/mmm phase can cause the local buckling of the MoS2 plane. With a tilted S-line vacancy, I4/mmm phase is first initiated to reduce the local shear stress accumulated near the vacancy line. Overall, the phase transition mechanism of single layer and bilayer MoS2 under the uniaxial tensile loading is provided, which guides the future strain engineering of MoS2 in nanoelectronics applications.
Enhancement of catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol using MoO3 nanobelts incorporated SiO2 nanocomposite fabricated by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation technique
Authors: Baroot Abbad Al , Haladu Shamsuddeen A , Ibrahim Mansur B , Akhtar Sultan , Alshammari Alhulw H , Taha Taha AbdelMohaymen , Elsayed Khaled A , Manda Abdullah A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Nanocomposites of SiO2/MoO3 having respective weight ratios of 3:1, 2:2, and 1:3 were synthesized using a nanosecond pulsed laser ablation method. The prepared samples were analyzed with UV–Vis and Raman spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Based on the TEM analysis, the morphology and the structure of the nanocomposites varied with the change in the ratio of MoO3, and the sample containing the highest amount of MoO3 shows a compact morphology and a higher number of nanoparticles. The band gap energy of the nanocomposites increases with an increase in MoO3 load. The nanocomposites were used in the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in the presence of NaBH4. The reduction time of 4-NP decreases as the amount of MoO3 increases in the nanocomposite. The rate constants were estimated at 0.0878, 0.2319, and 0.1726 min−1 for SiO2/MoO3 (3:1, 2:2, and 1:3) catalysts respectively. The results demonstrate the good catalytic performance of the prepared materials by enabling fast reduction of 4-NP.
Quantum metrology with critical driven-dissipative collective spin system
Authors: Pavlov Venelin P , Porras Diego , Ivanov Peter A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We propose two critical dissipative quantum metrology schemes for single parameter estimation which are based on a quantum probe consisting of a coherently driven ensemble of N spin-1/2 particles under the effect of a collective spin decay. The collective spin system exhibits a dissipative phase transition between thermal and ferromagnetic phases, which is characterized by a nonanalytical behavior of the spin observables. We show that thanks to the dissipative phase transition the sensitivity of the parameter estimation can be significantly enhanced. Furthermore, we show that our steady state is a spin squeezed state which allows one to perform parameter estimation with sub shot-noise limited measurement uncertainty.
Relativistic charged stellar modeling with a perfect fluid sphere
Authors: Estevez-Delgado Joaquin , Rodríguez Ceballos Joel Arturo , Paulin-Fuentes Jorge Mauricio , Vega Cabrera José , Rendón Romero Antonio 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this report we present the generalization of a solution to Einstein’s equations with perfect fluid for the case of Einstein–Maxwell with perfect fluid. The effect of the charge is reflected by a parameter, ν, and its interval is determined by the positivity condition from the pressure in the interior of the star. It is shown that the solution is stable according to the Zeldovich criteria as well as in relation to the criteria of the adiabatic index. The compactness, u = GM/c
2
R, of this charged model is greater than it is for the chargeless case as a result of the effect of the presence of the charge. This allows it to represent stars with a high compactness, in particular a graphic analysis is presented for the star SAX J1808.4-3658 with mass M = 1.435M
⊙ and radius R = 7.07 km. From these data and employing the solution, we obtain that the total maximum charge for the star is Q = 2.4085 × 1020 C.
Embrittlement of WCLL blanket and its fracture mechanical assessment
Authors: Aktaa Jarir , Gaganidze Ermile , Bongioví Gaetano , Arena Pietro , Spagnuolo Gandolfo Alessandro , Aiello Giacomo , Chiovaro Pierluigi , Bachmann Christian 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In the European fusion programme, the Water Cooled Lithium Lead breeding blanket (WCLL BB) uses EUROFER as a structural material cooled with water at temperatures between 295 °C–328 °C and a pressure of 155 bar. The WCLL BB will be significantly irradiated (>2 dpa), while some parts will not receive significant heat loads, e.g. the sidewalls or the back-supporting structures. The irradiation, together with the irradiation temperature of EUROFER below 350 °C, produces a shift of the ductile-to-brittle-transition temperature (DBTT) to levels above room temperature at neutron doses, causing material damage as low as 2–3 dpa. Even though the DBTT does not reach the operating temperature level, brittle/non-ductile fracture is a concern during in-vessel maintenance when the BB temperature is below the DBTT. Two loading scenarios were identified as severe in this respect: (i) re-pressurization of the WCLL BB cooling loop after in-vessel maintenance, and (ii) dead weight loads during lifting of the BB segment. The embrittlement of the WCLL BB was investigated by quantifying the local DBTT shift in its parts based on current knowledge of the embrittlement behaviour of EUROFER under neutron irradiation. Therefore, a suitable, not overly conservative procedure was derived considering dpa damage and transmuted helium effects. The results demonstrate the ability to identify the 3D spread of the severely embrittled zones in the structure whose impact on the structural integrity was assessed considering the risk of brittle/non-ductile fracture. Thereby, the fracture mechanics approach established in nuclear codes was applied assuming its applicability to EUROFER. The embrittled zones in the first wall (FW) and its sidewalls pass the criteria when assessing the relatively low stresses resulting from the coolant pressure. The assessment was then continued considering stresses appearing in the FW during maintenance, in particular, when lifting the BB segment and transporting it out of the vacuum vessel. In this context, the maximum tolerable flaw sizes were determined in a parameter study considering designs of the FW with different cooling channel wall thicknesses.
Preface
Authors: Zank G P 
Published: July 2023

The 20th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC) was held at the La Posada de Santa Fe Hotel, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA from October 31 to November 4, 2022. This year’s meeting followed in the footsteps of 2020’s COVID-19-affected meeting and was the first AIAC since the pandemic. Understandably, the re-opening of the AIAC meetings proceeded cautiously but we are happy to report that the meeting went exceptionally smoothly, safety protocols were followed, and an enjoyable and stimulating meeting was held. Leading the way in ensuring a safe and successful meeting was of course the conference organizer Adele Corona of ICNS and her assistant Kathy Tolbert, and the staff at the La Posada. With the successful conclusion of this meeting, we look forward to a degree of normalcy in organizing meetings and conferences in future.
The theme of the 20th AIAC was “From the Depths of the Solar Corona to the Darkness of Interstellar Space: A 20 Year Perspective” with our now traditional format of 25-minute presentations punctuated by selected 40-minute invited talks that explored various themes in greater detail.
The intent of the 20th AIAC was twofold – retrospective, celebrating the solar, space, and astrophysical accomplishments of the past 20 years as expressed in the 19 prior AIAC conferences, and perspective, i.e., examining some of the pressing questions that taxed our community over the past 20 years from the perspective of what we think we now know and understand. Since the 19 previous meetings addressed the broad themes of the interaction of the outer heliosphere and the local interstellar medium, shock waves and nonlinear processes, energetic particles, particle acceleration and transport, the heating and physics of the solar corona and solar wind, turbulence processes, and much more, these were the themes of the 20th iteration of the AIAC. A characteristic theme of previous meetings was the universality of many of the physical processes that informed the conference, and this was a central element of the 20th celebration.
Finally, let me thank again Adele Corona for another outstanding meeting. Her ability to create and organize superbly run and efficient conferences is unmatched. Likewise, we thank her long-time assistant Kathy Tolbert for her excellent help. Finally, thanks as always to Adele for her help in providing the logistical support for this volume of papers.
Impact of Magnetic Focusing on the Transport of Energetic Electrons in the Solar Corona
Authors: Tang Bofeng , Che Haihong , Zank Gary P. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Observations of Type III radio bursts discovered that electron beams with power-law energy spectra are commonly produced during solar flares. The locations of these electron beams are ~ 300 Mm above the particle acceleration region of the photosphere, and the velocities range from 3 to 10 times the local background electron thermal velocity. However, the mechanism that can commonly produce electron beams during the propagation of energetic electrons with power-law energy spectra in the corona remains unclear. In this paper, using kinetic transport theory, we find for the first time that the magnetic focusing effect governs the formation of electron beams over the observational desired distance in the corona. The magnetic focusing effect can sharply increase the bulk velocity of energetic electrons to the observed electron beam velocity within 0.4 solar radii (300 Mm) as they escape from the acceleration region and propagate upward along magnetic field lines. In more rapidly decreasing magnetic fields, energetic electrons with a harder power-law energy spectrum can generate a higher bulk velocity, producing type III radio bursts at a location much closer to the acceleration region. During propagation, the spectral index of the energetic electrons is unchanged.
Third-Generation Single-Molecule Sequencing for Preimplantation Genetic Testing of Aneuploidy and Segmental Imbalances
Authors: Tan Vivienne J , Liu Timing , Arifin Zainul , Pak Beatrice , Tan Arnold S C , Wong Simin , Khor Chiea-Chuen , Yang Henry , Lee Caroline G , Huang Zhongwei , Choolani Mahesh A , Chong Samuel S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Current strategies for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy or structural rearrangements (PGT-A/SR) rely mainly on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and microarray platforms, which are robust but require expensive instrumentation. We explored the suitability of third-generation single-molecule sequencing as a PGT-A/SR screening platform for both aneuploidy and segmental imbalance.

Methods
Single-cell and multicell replicates from aneuploid or segmentally unbalanced cell lines (n = 208) were SurePlex-amplified, randomized, and subjected to (a) Nanopore-based single-molecule sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and (b) NGS using a leading commercial PGT-A solution (Illumina VeriSeq PGS). Archival SurePlex-amplified trophectoderm biopsy samples (n = 96) previously analyzed using the commercial kit were blinded and reanalyzed using Nanopore.

Results
Nanopore-based PGT-A identified the specific aberration in 95.45% (84/88) and 97.78% (88/90) of single-/multicells with an aneuploidy or segmental imbalance (10–30.5 Mb), respectively. Comparison against the commercial kit’s results revealed concordances of 98.86% (87/88) and 98.89% (89/90) for the aneuploid and segmentally unbalanced (10–30.5 Mb aberration) samples, respectively. Detection sensitivity for smaller segmental imbalances (5–5.8 Mb aberration, n = 30) decreased markedly on both platforms. Nanopore-based PGT-A reanalysis of trophectoderm biopsy samples was 97.92% (94/96) concordant with the commercial kit results.

Conclusion
Up to 24 SurePlex-amplified single-cell, multicell, or trophectoderm samples could be sequenced in a single MinION flow-cell for subsequent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy or structural rearrangements (PGT-A/SR) analysis, with results obtainable in ≤3 days and at per-sample costs that are competitive with commercial offerings. Nanopore’s third-generation single-molecule sequencing represents a viable alternative to current commercial NGS-based PGT-A solutions for aneuploidy and segmental imbalance (≥10 Mb) screening of single-/multicell or trophectoderm biopsy samples.
Interactions of beet leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), vector of beet curly top virus, and hemp in New Mexico
Authors: Creamer Rebecca , Simpson Annabel , Rheay Hanah T , Brewer Catherine E 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus (Baker 1896), is the sole vector of beet curly top virus (BCTV). Both the virus and the vector have very wide host ranges, including many crops and weeds. Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has been reported as a host for both the virus and leafhopper in the past few years with the legal cultivation of the crop in the United States. This research assessed the interactions of the beet leafhopper and hemp in New Mexico by determining the natural infection of hemp with BCTV in 3 field plots in 2021 and 2022 and monitoring the numbers of leafhoppers using yellow sticky traps. The relative preference of beet leafhopper for hemp types and varieties of hemp was assessed using cafeteria-style choice tests. Higher numbers of beet leafhoppers were trapped in and around hemp fields in 2022 than in 2021 in all 3 locations. BCTV was found to infect all 3 types of hemp (cannabidiol or CBD, fiber, and grain) in 2022 in 1 location and only a single CBD variety of hemp in the other 2 locations. Two BCTV strains were identified in CBD hemp, while an additional BCTV strain was found infecting chile pepper grown at the same location.
Safety and Immunogenicity of a ChAd155-Vectored Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine in Infants 6–7 Months of age: A Phase 1/2 Randomized Trial
Authors: Sáez-Llorens Xavier , Norero Ximena , Mussi-Pinhata Marisa Márcia , Luciani Kathia , de la Cueva Ignacio Salamanca , Díez-Domingo Javier , Lopez-Medina Eduardo , Epalza Cristina , Brzostek Jerzy , Szymański Henryk , Boucher François D , Cetin Benhur S , De Leon Tirza , Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Gabriel Miguel Ángel Marín , Ince Tolga , Macias-Parra Mercedes , Langley Joanne M , Martinón-Torres Federico , Rämet Mika , Kuchar Ernest , Pinto Jorge , Puthanakit Thanyawee , Baquero-Artigao Fernando , Gattinara Guido Castelli , Arribas Jose Manuel Merino , Ramos Amador Jose Tomas , Szenborn Leszek , Tapiero Bruce , Anderson Evan J , Campbell James D , Faust Saul N , Nikic Vanja , Zhou Yingjun , Pu Wenji , Friel Damien , Dieussaert Ilse , Lopez Antonio Gonzalez , McPhee Roderick , Stoszek Sonia K , Vanhoutte Nicolas 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. This phase 1/2, observer-blind, randomized, controlled study assessed the safety and immunogenicity of an investigational chimpanzee-derived adenoviral vector RSV vaccine (ChAd155-RSV, expressing RSV F, N, and M2-1) in infants.

Methods
Healthy 6- to 7-month-olds were 1:1:1-randomized to receive 1 low ChAd155-RSV dose (1.5 × 1010 viral particles) followed by placebo (RSV_1D); 2 high ChAd155-RSV doses (5 × 1010 viral particles) (RSV_2D); or active comparator vaccines/placebo (comparator) on days 1 and 31. Follow-up lasted approximately 2 years.

Results
Two hundred one infants were vaccinated (RSV_1D: 65; RSV_2D: 71; comparator: 65); 159 were RSV-seronaive at baseline. Most solicited and unsolicited adverse events after ChAd155-RSV occurred at similar or lower rates than after active comparators. In infants who developed RSV infection, there was no evidence of vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). RSV-A neutralizing titers and RSV F-binding antibody concentrations were higher post–ChAd155-RSV than postcomparator at days 31, 61, and end of RSV season 1 (mean follow-up, 7 months). High-dose ChAd155-RSV induced stronger responses than low-dose, with further increases post–dose 2.

Conclusions
ChAd155-RSV administered to 6- to 7-month-olds had a reactogenicity/safety profile like other childhood vaccines, showed no evidence of VAERD, and induced a humoral immune response.
Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03636906.
Long-term Prophylaxis Against Aerosolized Marburg Virus in Nonhuman Primates With an Afucosylated Monoclonal Antibody
Authors: Abelson Dafna , Barajas Jennifer , Stuart Lauren , Kim Do , Marimuthu Arumugapradeep , Hu Chris , Yamamoto Brent , Ailor Eric , Whaley Kevin J , Vu Hong , Agans Krystle N , Borisevich Viktoriya , Deer Daniel J , Dobias Natalie S , Woolsey Courtney , Prasad Abhishek N , Peel Jennifer E , Lawrence William S , Cross Robert W , Geisbert Thomas W , Fenton Karla A , Zeitlin Larry 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) causes a hemorrhagic fever disease in human and nonhuman primates with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Concerns about weaponization of aerosolized MARV have spurred the development of nonhuman primate (NHP) models of aerosol exposure. To address the potential threat of aerosol exposure, a monoclonal antibody that binds MARV glycoprotein was tested, MR186YTE, for its efficacy as a prophylactic. MR186YTE was administered intramuscularly to NHPs at 15 or 5 mg/kg 1 month prior to MARV aerosol challenge. Seventy-five percent (3/4) of the 15 mg/kg dose group and 50% (2/4) of the 5 mg/kg dose group survived. Serum analyses showed that the NHP dosed with 15 mg/kg that succumbed to infection developed an antidrug antibody response and therefore had no detectable MR186YTE at the time of challenge. These results suggest that intramuscular dosing of mAbs may be a clinically useful prophylaxis for MARV aerosol exposure.