bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demographic and Public Health Characteristics of COVID-19 Mortality Cases in Rivers State, Nigeria –A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Owhonda Golden , Patrick Foster , Eze-Emiri Chidinma , Igwe Ezinne , Arugu Godswill , Des-Wosu Ihuoma , Oris-Onyiri Victor , Ohaka Justice , Nwadiuto Ifeoma 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 has accounted for approximately six million deaths globally. Several risk factors have been identified. However, the population profile varies in different population groups. The study's aim is to describe the population profile of COVID-19 mortality in Rivers State, Nigeria using captured population-based health records.
Methods: Using electronic State Health Records, secondary data analysis was conducted on recorded COVID-19 mortality. Data were obtained from the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre (PHEOC) at the State Ministry of Health, Rivers State. Data were accessed from the PHEOC database, and it included COVID-19 related mortality. Data were collected on demographics, pre-existing comorbidity, symptoms, facility managed, patient status, treatment outcome, and dates of related events. Cohort characteristics were described using means and proportions.
Results: There were 191 COVID-19 deaths identified. The mean age was 57.08 years, of which 144 were male (75.4%). The 51–65-year age group had the highest mortality count (38.9%). Over 50% of the patients were hypertensive, and diabetes was the second most common comrbidity (28.8%). Running nose, cough, fever and breathing difficulties were the most reported COVID-19 symptoms.
Conclusion: This study found that COVID-19 was responsible for a greater mortality increase in men and that the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was higher in these individuals. Additionally, age and the presence of comorbidities may be associated with COVID-19 mortality. Future research in this area could further explain these findings.
Effect of Different Organic Sources of Nutrients on Quality and Economics of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal]
Authors: Patel Payal K. , Jat R. K. , Shaikh Salma , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: March 2023

The present investigation entitled Effect of different organic sources of nutrients on quality and economics of ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] was carried out during Kharif 2021-22 at College Farm, College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Jagudan, Dist. Mehsana, Gujarat. Experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and twenty treatments viz., T1: 100% RDN through FYM; T2: 100% RDN through Vermicompost; T3: 100% RDN through Neem cake; T4: 100% RDN through Poultry manure; T5: 80% RDN through FYM; T6: 80% RDN through Vermicompost; T7: 80% RDN through Neem cake; T8: 80% RDN through Poultry manure; T9: 60% RDN through FYM; T10: 60% RDN through Vermicompost; T11: 60% RDN through Neem cake; T12: 60% RDN through Poultry manure; T13: 80% RDN through FYM + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T14: 80% RDN through Vermicompost + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T15: 80% RDN through Neem cake+ Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T16: 80% RDN through Poultry manure + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T17: 60% RDN through FYM + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T18: 60% RDN through Vermicompost + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T19: 60% RDN through Neem cake + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB; T20: 60% RDN through Poultry manure + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB.
Maximum chlorophyll a, b and total at 90 DAS (at full bloom stage) (1.92, 0.75 and 2.11 mg/g, respectively) and withanolides content (0.32%) at harvest were recorded with treatment T16. The maximum net income (₹ 1,38,707/ha) and benefit cost ratio (3.52) were also obtained in same treatment. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of 80% RDN through poultry manure + Azotobacter + KSM + PSB (T16) was found beneficial for obtaining higher yield of better quality and economic returns in ashwagandha.
A Finite-element Method of Solution for Optimization of Frame of Tractor Operated Single Row Maize Cobs Picker
Authors: Meena Balveer Singh , Shrivastava Atul Kumar , Bhelave Kunal 
Published: March 2023

Finite element analysis (FEA) is a computational technique that divides complex structures into small elements and solves them numerically using various partial differential equations. In agriculture, engineers can use numerical simulation based on the FEA technique to study the behaviour of various input products in order to optimise the design of any machine without developing a prototype. The present study focused to design and simulates the frame of tractor operated single row maize cobs picker by employing the FEA technique. A 3D-CAD model of the frame of a tractor-operated single row maize cobs picker was created using the Solid Works software, and a static structural test was performed using the FEA technique in the ANSYS version 15.0 workbench software. A special fixture has been developed to calculate the force required to scrape the pulpy material of the leaves in the Universal Testing Machine. According to the simulation results, maximum deformation was observed as 0.051mm while maximum shear stress and Von Mises equivalent stress were found to be 0.246 MPaPa and 1. 47 MPa, respectively at 250 N scraping forces. Additionally, it was noted that the stress values fall within the material's yield strength. The FEA approach was found to be a scientific and highly effective method for designing and simulating the frame of a tractor-operated single row maize cobs picker.
Assessment of Factors Influencing Ease of Access on Intentional Organophosphates Self-poisoning among Persons Aged 15-30 Years in Kericho County, Kenya
Authors: Sigey Langat K. , Maathai Ronald , Tenambergen Wanja M. 
Published: March 2023

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess factors influencing ease of access on intentional organophosphate self-poisoning among persons aged 15-30 years in Kericho County, Kenya.
Study Design: The study adopted prospective cross-sectional study design and purposive sampling technique.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in 3 level 4 health facilities (Kericho County Referral Hospital, Kapkatet Sub-County Hospital, Londiani Sub- County Hospital and Sigowet Sub- County Hospital) in Kericho County, Kenya; which were systematically sampled base on the highest monthly workload one year prior to the study period. Study was conducted between December 2021 and March 2022.
Methodology: 100 participants of age between 15 year and 30 years old were included in the study (88 males and 12 females). It was a study of all cases of intentional organophosphate self- poisoning, relied majorly on the diagnosis made by clinicians and doctors at emergency departments. Participants were sampled based on the presenting symptoms and history from the respondents. All respondents brought to hospital presenting to emergency department with a history of intentional organophosphate self-poisoning were recruited for the study depending on their eligibility where only respondents who were admitted and recovered after treatment were enrolled after signing or assenting to the consent voluntarily.
Results: A sampled of 100 participants were eligible and managed to have 100% response rate. The study found out that there was a statistical relationship between the parameters since the chi square value were 0.001 which was less than the standard p value which is 0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Bivariate analysis showed a strong positive correlation was found between self-poisoning and easy access to organophosphate (p<0.05, r=0.631). With regard to easy access to organophosphate, the majority indicated yes with 71(71%) responses while those who indicated no were 29 (29%) respondents out of 100 respondents.
Conclusion: It was concluded that ease of access of organophosphate poisons predisposed the high-risk group to find easiest way of committing suicide when they encountered challenges in their daily lives, therefore, laxity on sales, storage and distribution of pesticides give those at risk a chance to fulfill their suicidal ideation.
A General Report on Water Management of Desert Ecosystems: Bikaner District
Authors: Mohammad Sohel , Ranga Shashi Kalla 
Published: March 2023

In the arid eco-systems, water constitutes the most important resource that limits plants growth and yield. There is broadly, three way demands on available fresh water for human uses are for agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries etc. to provide food, to meet the civic needs of people in rural and urban areas, and water for industrial enterprises.
Water being a decisive component for quality of life and development activities, its supply, demand, quality and distribution for social and economic consumption patterns are important issues for developing a strategy of water management. Water is an essential commodity without which development of culture and economy is neither possible nor meaningful. Therefore, this paper "A General Report on Water Management of Desert Ecosystems: Bikaner District" is very significant in the present growing water crisis of the arid and semi-arid regions of India.
Association of Rates of Ganglion Cell and Inner Plexiform Thinning With Development of Glaucoma in Eyes With Suspected Glaucoma
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Vahid , Moghimi Sasan , Nishida Takashi , Walker Evan , Kamalipour Alireza , Micheletti Eleonora , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Girkin Christopher A. , Fazio Massimo , Zangwill Linda M. , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: March 2023

ImportanceIn eyes with suspected glaucoma, it is clinically relevant to find diagnostic tests for the risk of development of perimetric glaucoma.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between rates of ganglion cell/inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) thinning and the development of perimetric glaucoma in eyes with suspected glaucoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis observational cohort study used data collected in December 2021 from a tertiary center study and a multicenter study. Participants with suspected glaucoma were followed up for 3.1 years. The study was designed in December 2021 and finalized in August 2022.ExposuresDevelopment of perimetric glaucoma was defined as having 3 consecutive results showing abnormal visual fields. Using linear mixed-effect models, rates of GCIPL were compared between eyes with suspected glaucoma that did and did not develop perimetric glaucoma. A joint longitudinal multivariable survival model was used to investigate the performance of rates of GCIPL and cpRNFL thinning in predicting the risk of developing perimetric glaucoma.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of GCIPL thinning and hazard ratio (HR) of developing perimetric glaucoma.ResultsAmong a total of 462 participants, the mean (SD) age was 63.3 (11.1) years, and 275 patients (60%) were female. Of 658 eyes, 153 eyes (23%) developed perimetric glaucoma. The mean rates of GCIPL thinning were faster in eyes that developed perimetric glaucoma (−1.28 vs −0.66 μm/y for minimum GCIPL thinning; difference, −0.62; 95% CI, −1.07 to −0.16; P = .02). Based on the joint longitudinal survival model, every 1-μm/y faster rate of minimum GCIPL and rate of global cpRNFL thinning were associated with a 2.4 and 1.9 higher risk of developing perimetric glaucoma, respectively (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8 to 3.2, and HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.76 to 2.22, respectively; P &amp;lt; .001). Among the predictive factors, African American race (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.34; P = .02), male sex (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.15; P = .03), 1-dB higher baseline visual field pattern standard deviation (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.56 to 1.91; P &amp;lt; .001), and 1-mm Hg higher mean intraocular pressure during follow-up (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.17; P &amp;lt; .001) were associated with higher risk of developing perimetric glaucoma.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that faster rates of GCIPL and cpRNFL thinning were associated with higher risks of developing perimetric glaucoma. Rates of cpRNFL thinning and specifically GCIPL thinning may be useful measures for monitoring eyes with suspected glaucoma.
How do natural changes in flow magnitude affect fish abundance and biomass in temperate regions? A systematic review
Authors: Rytwinski T. , Lin H.‐Y. , Harper M. , Smokorowski K. E. , Smith A. , Reid J. L. , Taylor J. J. , Birnie‐Gauvin K. , Bradford M. J. , Crossman J. A. , Kavanagh R. , Lapointe N. W. R. , Turgeon K. , Cooke S. J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We conducted a systematic review on the impacts of natural causes of variation or changes in flow magnitude (resulting from climatic variability and broad‐scale drivers such as climate‐induced change) on fish abundance and biomass in temperate regions.

Following our systematic review protocol (Birnie‐Gauvin et al., 2021), we examined commercially published and grey literature originally identified during a recent systematic map process (Rytwinski et al., 2020) and a systematic search update. Articles were screened using an a priori eligibility criteria, with consistency checks performed at the title and abstract, and full text screening stages. All eligible articles were assessed for study validity. A narrative synthesis included all available evidence (300 studies from 219 articles), and meta‐analyses (1863 datasets from 193 studies) were conducted where appropriate.

Most studies were conducted in the United States (65%) on genera in the Salmonidae and Leuciscidae families (29% and 28%, respectively), and mainly investigated variation in flow magnitude, followed by droughts and floods.

We found that fish abundance and biomass responses to changes in natural flow magnitude were mainly negative, but analyses do not support clear generalizable signals across all contexts (e.g. types of changes in flow magnitude, taxa, locations). When exploring reasons for heterogeneity in effect sizes, we found a detectable effect of intervention type on average fish abundance within the first year of the natural change in flow magnitude, with floods and droughts associated with overall negative responses. However, these patterns were more variable when considering between‐year variation or specific taxonomic responses.

Our results suggest that while immediate responses were more apparent and relatively consistent within specific types of natural events, fish populations may recover after such events (i.e. ≥2 years post‐natural event); however, most studies were short in duration (<2 years) and longer‐term effects were more variable and may be context dependent.

To improve our understanding of species‐specific and population‐level effects, as well as time‐lags in fish responses to natural changes in flow regimes, standardized, long‐term continuous monitoring both before and after a change in flow magnitude are needed to address knowledge gaps. Studies that focus on systems outside North America are recommended.
Highly Oxidation‐Resistant and Self‐Healable MXene‐Based Hydrogels for Wearable Strain Sensor
Authors: Chae Ari , Murali G. , Lee Seul‐Yi , Gwak Jeonghwan , Kim Seon Joon , Jeong Yong Jin , Kang Hansol , Park Seongmin , Lee Albert S. , Koh Dong‐Yeun , In Insik , Park Soo‐Jin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractVery recently, MXene‐based wearable hydrogels have emerged as promising candidates for epidermal sensors due to their tissue‐like softness and unique electrical and mechanical properties. However, it remains a challenge to achieve MXene‐based hydrogels with reliable sensing performance and prolonged service life, because MXene inevitably oxidizes in water‐containing system of the hydrogels. Herein, catechol‐functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA‐CA)‐based hydrogels is proposed to inhibit the oxidation of MXene, leading to rapid self‐healing and superior strain sensing behaviors. Sufficient interaction of hydrophobic catechol groups with the MXene surface reduces the oxidation‐accessible sites in the MXene for reaction with water and eventually suppresses the oxidation of MXene in the hydrogel. Furthermore, the PVA‐CA‐MXene hydrogel is demonstrated for use as a strain sensor for real‐time motion monitoring, such as detecting subtle human motions and handwriting. The signals of PVA‐CA‐MXene hydrogel sensor can be accurately classified using deep learning models.
BPA‐Containing Polydopamine Nanoparticles for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy in a U87 Glioma Orthotopic Model
Authors: Dai Liqun , Liu Jie , Zhao Xiaosheng , Li Yuhao , Zhou Siming , Yuan Liping , Shu Diyun , Pan Lili , Liu Yuan‐hao , Qian Zhiyong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBoron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a promising therapy for refractory cancer based on the cytotoxic reaction of 10B (n, α) 7Li. Although two BNCT agents are clinically available, they are quickly metabolized and show modest enrichment in tumor sites, partially limiting BNCT widespread application. Consequently, novel agents that perform active targeting and show good biocompatibility have to be developed. Herein, boronophenylalanine‐containing polydopamine (B‐PDA) nanoparticles are easily fabricated by encapsulating boronophenylalanine (BPA) in polydopamine via nitrogen‐boronate coordination. In this study, B‐PDA achieves increased tumor accumulation and prolonged retention effects in the tumor site and superior antitumor activity post neutron irradiation in the orthotopic xenograft glioma model. In brief, this study offers a novel strategy for BPA delivery and may broaden the perspective on nanomedicine design for BNCT.
Orbital Symmetry Engineering in Fused Polycyclic Heteroaromatics toward Extremely Narrowband Green Emissions with an FWHM of 13 nm
Authors: Zeng Xuan , Wang Lu , Dai Hengyi , Huang Tianyu , Du Mingxu , Wang Dong , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMultiresonance (MR) molecules generally face spectral broadening issues with redshifted emissions. Thus, green emitters with full widths at half maximum (FWHMs) of <20 nm are rarely reported, despite being highly desired. Herein, by properly fusing indolo(3,2,1‐jk)carbazole (ICZ) and naphthalene moieties, green MR emitters are reported, which have FWHMs of merely 13 nm (0.064 eV) and 14 nm (0.069 eV) in dichloromethane, accompanied by high photoluminescence quantum yields of >95%, which represent not only the smallest FWHMs among all green MR emitters but also the first green emitters based on ICZ MR derivatives. Theoretical studies reveal that the orbital interactions between the antisymmetric sites of the segments play an important role in extending the conjugation length in the fusion architectures while simultaneously maintaining a small FWHM. The corresponding organic light‐emitting diodes exhibit green emission peaks at 508–509 nm and the first green electroluminescence FWHM of <20 nm ever reported. Benefiting from the preferential horizontal dipole orientation, a high maximum external quantum efficiency of up to 30.9% is obtained, which remains at 28.9% and 23.2% under luminances of 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively, outperforming most reported green devices based on narrowband emitters.
Modulating Surface Chemistry of Al Powders for Elastomeric Composites with Applications in Electronic Cooling
Authors: Ma Qiangqiang , Zhang Chenxu , Ren Linlin , Zeng Xiaoliang , Xu Jian‐Bin , Sun Rong , Yao Yimin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElastomeric composites are an important class of thermal interface materials as they are shape‐adaptive, which can fit uneven interfaces and achieve ideal interfacial heat transfer in electronic cooling. There is often a trade‐off between mechanical and thermal performances in highly filled composites. Here, the surface chemistry of Al powders via introducing dodecyltrimethoxysilane (DTS) upon different grafting densities is precisely controlled. The results show that the DTS grafting density of 0.24 molecule nm−2 endows the composites with optimized mechanical properties. The tensile stress, elongation at break, and Young's modulus are enhanced by 180%, 56%, and 94.4% after DTS grafting, respectively. Meanwhile, the composite possesses a high fracture energy of 356.2 J m−2 with an enhanced strain energy density of 37.6 kPa. The DTS grafting on Al also contributes to higher thermal conductivity (4.4 W mK−1) and lower contact thermal resistance (0.52 °C cm2 W−1) of the composites and significantly improves the stability of the composites upon high‐temperature storage. Guidance is provided here on methods and data references for optimizing the performance of elastomeric composites, which helps to expand their practical application in electronic cooling.
A Modified Weber Number Capturing the Bouncing–Wetting Transition of Droplet Impact on Rough Surfaces
Authors: Bao Yanyao , Wang Zhongzheng , Shi Zhang , Gan Yixiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this work, the effects of surface properties on bouncing–wetting transition of water droplet impacting rough surfaces in the Weber number (We) range from 18 to 221 are experimentally investigated. The correlation between impact outcomes and We is examined with an empirical function, and an impact outcome transition from bouncing to no bouncing is identified with the increase of We. The results suggest that a higher surface area ratio promotes the bouncing to no bouncing transition on sample surfaces used in this study. To quantify the effects of surface wetting area on the transitions of droplet impact regimes, a modified Weber number, We*, is proposed by taking the actual surface area into account. Results show that the regime transitions of droplet impact on samples of different surface area ratios can be unified by the We*. This study reveals the significance of actual surface area and the resultant adhesion force on the droplet impact dynamics on random rough surfaces.
Transformation from Helmholtz to Membrane Resonance by Electro‐Adhesive Zip of a Double‐Layer Micro‐Slit Acoustic Absorber
Authors: Wu Chih Chun , Loke Siu‐Chung , Lu Zhenbo , Shrestha Milan , Khoo Boo Cheong , Lau Gih‐Keong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRoad noise varies with the vehicles’ load and speed, ranging from low to medium frequencies. The existing absorbers, including acoustic metamaterials, cannot fully mitigate the variable noise due to limited bandwidth. To target the variable noise but not occupy much space, this paper presents a tunable acoustic absorber that can transform from Helmholtz resonance to membrane resonance. This tunable absorber consist of double micro‐slit layers, namely an electro‐adhesive membrane and a flexible plate spaced closely in front of a shallow cavity. The boundary‐layer thick gap between the two forms a network of lateral orifices to enhance the acoustic damping at medium frequencies. When the gap closes under electrostatic attraction force, the membrane and plate zipped together and resonated like a drum at a much lower frequency. This transformation can shift the resonant frequency down by 1.6 octaves from 898 hetz (Hz) to 281 Hz, thanks to the structural resonance of the zipped parts. Interestingly, the peak absorption coefficient at the lowest tuned 281 Hz was as high as 0.93. Such distributed tunability based on a fault‐tolerant electro‐adhesive membrane will also be applicable to other acoustic meta‐materials that embody the components of micro‐perforated or micro‐slit panels.