bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Plane Nanowire Growth of Topological Crystalline Insulator Pb1 − xSnxTe
Authors: Schellingerhout Sander G. , Bergamaschini Roberto , Verheijen Marcel A. , Montalenti Francesco , Miglio Leo , Bakkers Erik P.A.M. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPredicted topological crystalline insulators such as Pb1 − xSnxTe are an interesting candidate for applications in quantum technology, as they can host spin‐polarized surface states. Moreover, in the nanowire geometry, a quasi‐1D system can be realized with potential applications exploiting Majorana fermions. Herein, the selective area growth of Pb1 − xSnxTe islands and nanowires over the full range of x is demonstrated, and their in‐depth growth dynamics and faceting are analyzed. By transmission electron microscopy, the single‐crystalline and defect‐free nature of the grown material and the homogeneous, controllable Pb/Sn ratio in the nanowires is confirmed. With support of phase‐field growth simulations, it is shown that the crystal faceting mainly follows the driving force of surface energy minimization, favoring the lowest energy {200} surfaces. A kinetic enhancement of adatom incorporation on {110} facets is recognized to limit their extension with respect to {200} and {111} facets. After inspecting all possible in‐plane orientations, we identify the 〈110〉 directions as the optimal candidate for the growth of high‐quality and perfectly straight Pb1 − xSnxTe nanowires, enabling the design of complex networks due to their threefold symmetry. This work opens the way to systematic transport investigation of the carrier density in Pb1 − xSnxTe nanowires and can facilitate further optimization of the Pb1 − xSnxTe system.
Heterogeneity Governs 3D‐Cultures of Clinically Relevant Microbial Communities
Authors: Peneda Pacheco Daniela , Bertoglio Federico , Butnarasu Cosmin , Suarez Vargas Natalia , Guagliano Giuseppe , Ziccarelli Anna , Briatico‐Vangosa Francesco , Ruzzi Vincenzo , Buzzaccaro Stefano , Piazza Roberto , van Uden Sebastião , Crotti Elena , Visentin Sonja , Visai Livia , Petrini Paola 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe intrinsic heterogeneity of bacterial niches should be retained in in vitro cultures to represent the complex microbial ecology. As a case study, mucin‐containing hydrogels ‐CF‐Mu3Gel ‐ are generated by diffusion‐induced gelation, bioinspired on cystic fibrosis (CF) mucus, and a microbial niche challenging current therapeutic strategies. At breathing frequency, CF‐Mu3Gel exhibits a G′ and G″ equal to 24 and 3.2 Pa, respectively. Notably, CF‐Mu3Gel exhibits structural gradients with a gradual reduction of oxygen tension across its thickness (280–194 µmol L−1). Over the culture period, a steep decline in oxygen concentration occurs just a few millimeters below the air–mucus interface in CF‐Mu3Gel, similar to those of CF airway mucus. Importantly, the distinctive features of CF‐Mu3Gel significantly influence bacterial organization and antimicrobial tolerance in mono‐ and co‐cultures of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that standard cultures are unable to emulate. The antimicrobial susceptibility determined in CF‐Mu3Gel corroborates the mismatch on the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment between planktonically cultured bacteria and those in patients. With this example‐based research, new light is shed on the understanding of how the substrate influences microbial behavior, paving the way for improved fundamental microbiology studies and more effective drug testing and development.
Hetero‐Polyionic Hydrogels Enable Dendrites‐Free Aqueous Zn‐I2 Batteries with Fast Kinetics
Authors: Yang Jin‐Lin , Yu Zehua , Wu Jiawen , Li Jia , Chen Liangyuan , Xiao Tuo , Xiao Tao , Cai Da‐Qian , Liu Kang , Yang Peihua , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractRechargeable aqueous Zn‐I2 batteries (ZIB) are regarded as a promising energy storage candidate. However, soluble polyiodide shuttling and rampant Zn dendrite growth hamper its commercial implementation. Herein, a hetero‐polyionic hydrogel is designed as the electrolyte for ZIBs. On the cathode side, iodophilic polycationic hydrogel (PCH) effectively alleviates the shuttle effect and facilitates the redox kinetics of iodine species. Meanwhile, polyanionic hydrogel (PAH) toward Zn metal anode uniformizes Zn2+ flux and prevents surface corrosion by electrostatic repulsion of polyiodides. Consequently, the Zn symmetric cells with PAH electrolyte demonstrate remarkable cycling stability over 3000 h at 1 mA cm–2 (1 mAh cm–2) and 800 h at 10 mA cm–2 (5 mAh cm–2). Moreover, the Zn‐I2 full cells with PAH‐PCH hetero‐polyionic hydrogel electrolyte deliver a low‐capacity decay of 0.008 ‰ per cycle during 18 000 cycles at 8 C. This work sheds light on hydrogel electrolytes design for long‐life conversion‐type aqueous batteries.
Performance Analysis of CdS‐Free, Sb2Se3/ZnSe p–n Junction Cells with Various Hole Transport Layers and Contacts
Authors: Kumari Raman , Mamta  , Chaudhary Amit Kumar , Singh Vidya Nand 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSb2Se3, a promising thin‐film photovoltaic (TFPV) absorber material known for its non‐toxic nature, abundance on Earth, and stability has the inherent limitations of low doping density of 1013 cm−3 and poor carrier mobility of 1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1, leading to a low built‐in potential and inefficient carrier collection. To address these challenges and enhance the built‐in potential and carrier collection, an effective hole‐transport layer (HTL), e.g. CdS, which contains toxic components is used. A less‐toxic alternative is explored: ZnSe as the electron‐transport layer (ETL) to mitigate this issue. In this study, the performance is evaluated of Sb2Se3/ZnSe solar cells using six different HTLs (CuSCN, MoSe2, NiO, Spiro‐OMeTAD, SnS, MoOx) through the utilization of the SCAPS‐1D modeling tool. The HTL plays a critical role in improving the effectiveness of the built‐in potential, enhancing carrier collection, and suppressing back surface recombination. The analysis involves varying the thickness and doping concentration of the absorber, buffer, and HTLs, and exploring the impact of temperature, series and shunt resistance, and the metal work function of the back contact. Among the tested devices, the one with NiO as the HTL demonstrates the highest efficiency, exhibiting a VOC (open‐circuit voltage) of 0.81 V and a PCE (power conversion efficiency) of 24.07%.
Colloidal transport phenomena in dynamic, pulsating porous materials
Authors: Nagella Sachit G. , Takatori Sho C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the transport phenomena of colloidal particles embedded within a moving array of obstacles that mimics a dynamic, time‐varying porous material. While colloidal transport in an array of stationary obstacles (“passive” porous media) has been well studied, we lack the fundamental understanding of colloidal diffusion in a nonequilibrium porous environment. We combine Taylor dispersion theory, Brownian dynamics simulations, and optical tweezer experiments to study the transport of tracer colloidal particles in an oscillating lattice of obstacles. We discover that the dispersion of tracer particles is a nonmonotonic function of oscillation frequency and exhibits a maximum that exceeds the Stokes–Einstein–Sutherland diffusivity in the absence of obstacles. By solving the Smoluchowski equation using a generalized dispersion framework, we demonstrate that the enhanced transport of the tracers depends critically on both the direct interparticle interactions with the obstacles and the fluid‐mediated, hydrodynamic interactions generated by the moving obstacles.
Copper‐Catalyzed N,N‐Alkyl Formylation of Sulfonamides
Authors: Ramani Arti , Patil Rachit S. , Bhukya Hussain , Naveen Togati 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHerein, we have developed a novel copper‐catalyzed intermolecular alkyl formylation reaction of arene sulfonamides. This method represents a significant advancement in the field, as it does not require the use of any exogenous acid, base, or oxidant, and the reaction can be completed within two hours. A variety of N,N‐alkyl formylated sulfonamides were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Hitherto, no reports have been found in the literature for the N‐formylation of sulfonamides, making this reaction an important breakthrough in synthetic organic chemistry.
Die Zukunft (Radio‐)‐isotopenmarkierter Verbindungen in Forschung und Entwicklung der modernen Lebenswissenschaften
Authors: Derdau Volker , Elmore Charles S. , Hartung Thomas , McKillican Bruce , Mejuch Tom , Rosenbaum Claudia , Wiebe Christine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn diesem Überblick diskutieren wir die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von isotopenmarkierten Substanzen und betrachten ihre zukünftige Relevanz für die Biowissenschaften. Insbesondere wird ihre Verwendung in der Pharma‐ und Pflanzenschutz‐industrie erörtert. Ihre wichtigste Anwendung ist die Verwendung als Marker in Wirkstoffen. Ihre strukturelle Veränderung wird in der Umwelt, in vivo oder in komplexer Umgebung verfolgt. Dies dient dazu, Auswirkungen neuer Wirkstoffe zu ermitteln und die Sicherheit für die Menschheit und Umwelt zu steigern.
Synthese von C60/[10]CPP‐Catenanen durch Regioselektive Nanokapsel‐Templierte Bingel Bis‐Addition
Authors: Steudel Fabian M. , Ubasart Ernest , Leanza Luigi , Pujals Míriam , Parella Teodor , Pavan Giovanni M. , Ribas Xavi , von Delius Max 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDie Addition von zwei unsymmetrischen Malonsäureestern an das Buckminster‐Fulleren C60 kann zu 22 spektroskopisch unterscheidbaren isomeren Produkten führen und stellt daher eine beachtliche synthetische Herausforderung dar. In dieser Arbeit erreichen wir eine Selektivität von 87 % für die Bildung eines einzigen (in,out‐trans‐3)‐Isomers, indem wir drei Methoden kombinieren: (i) wir verwenden ein Ausgangsmaterial, in dem die beiden Malonsäureester kovalent verbunden sind (Tether); (ii) wir bilden den starken supramolekularen Komplex von C60 mit dem formstabilen [10]CPP‐Makrozyklus (Nanohoop‐Template) und (iii) wir schlossen diesen Komplex weiter in eine selbstorganisierte Nanokapsel ein (Schattenmaske). Die Variation der Alkylkette zeigte die Limitationen der Methode auf und die Ringdynamik in den ungewöhnlichen [2]Catenanen wurde in silico mit atomistischer Auflösung untersucht. Diese Arbeit erweitert das Spektrum der mechanisch ineinandergreifenden Architekturen mit Cycloparaphenylen (CPP) erheblich.
Two‐step foaming process for fabrication of flexible polyurethane foam composites with spring‐like air‐layer structure
Authors: Lou Ching‐Wen , Chu Sheng , Liu Peiyao , Wang Xiaomeng , Lin Jia‐Horng , Li Ting‐Ting 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to its exceptional mechanical properties, polyurethane (PU) foam has found wide application in various fields. Microcellular foaming not only reduces weight but also enhances the cushioning properties of PU. However, current foaming methods have limitations in improving performance. Therefore, this study aimed to construct spring‐like sandwich‐structured flexible PU foam composites (SFFCs). These composites were prepared using a two‐step foaming method, utilizing a precise amount of polyol and isocyanate as raw materials, at room temperature (28–35°C). In the preparation process, warp‐knitted spacer fabrics (WKSFs) with spring‐like structures were encapsulated in the middle layer, while the top and bottom layers consisted of PUF (flexible PU foam with different ring radius differences) formed through the foaming process of polyol and isocyanate. The study focused on investigating the influence of the ring radius difference (r = 1, 1.5, 2) and the two‐layer layout (staggered, diagonal, overlapping) of the WKSFs on the compression and cushioning properties. The experimental results revealed a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the PU with the incorporation of WKSFs. Particularly noteworthy was the excellent cushioning performance exhibited by the two‐layer WKSFs sample, RPUS‐1, in the dynamic impact test. RPUS‐1 absorbed 94.3% of the energy and reduced the impact value to 3921 N, which is 848 N (17.7%) lower than that of PU foam. Furthermore, even after 20 cycles of compression testing, the SFFCs retained excellent compressive properties, with the compressive stress only decreasing from 0.34 to 0.19 MPa. In conclusion, this study expands the application of PU in cushioning, demonstrating their potential in providing improved cushioning properties.
Synthesis and properties of elevated temperature hydrogels for enhanced oil recovery based on AM/AMPA/NVP copolymer and silica nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Pingde , Zhang Song , Wei Falin , Lv Jing , Xu Pan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo improve the stability of polymer gel profile control agents used in high‐temperature and high‐salinity reservoirs, the temperature‐resistant and salinity‐resistant polymer (TSP) was synthesized from acrylamide (AM), 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NVP) via free radical polymerization reaction using initiator. The TSP showed excellent salt resistance and thermal stability because of the introduction of the sulfonic acid group, hydrophobic group, and rigid group. Furthermore, a novel elevated temperature hydrogel (ETG) for profile control was prepared using TSP, a crosslinker hexamethylenetetramine‐hydroquinone (HMTA‐HQE), and silica nanoparticles as an enhancer. The formula of ETG was as follows: 0.5 wt% TSP + 0.3 wt% HMTA‐HQE + 0.2 wt% silica nanoparticles (enhancer). SEM and FTIR analyzed the micromorphology and composition of ETG. Under high temperature and salinity (110°C, 85702 mg/L), the apparent viscosity of ETG reached up to 3 × 104 mPa·s, and controllable gelation time was 10–20 h. After aging for 120 days at 110°C, the viscosity retention rate was more than 75%, indicating ETG had better thermal stability. Moreover, the plugging ratio of ETG reached up to 97.8%, while the plugging ratio of the conventional HPAM hydrogel was only 81.2%, which indicated that ETG also had good plugging performance.
The comparative anatomy of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four small‐sized deer
Authors: Zhang Bei , Tong Haowen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHere we provide complete 3D reconstructions of the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of four kinds of small‐sized deer (Elaphodus cephalophus, Muntiacus reevesi, Muntiacus muntjak, Hydropotes inermis) based on high‐resolution CT scanning, and select one musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) as a comparative object. The petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus are illustrated for the first time, as well as the petrosal bones of M. reevesi and H. inermis. Some morphological characters of petrosal bone and bony labyrinth can be used to distinguish the above‐mentioned species. For example, M. moschiferus shows a prominent transpromontorial sulcus and a ventral basicapsular groove on the petrosal bone; there is a bifurcate cochlear aqueduct on the bony labyrinth of E. cephalophus; there is a distinct fusion between the lateral and posterior semicircular canals on the bony labyrinth of H. inermis. Meanwhile, there are some intraspecific variations on the subarcuate fossa, the tegmen tympani, the cochlear aqueduct, as well as the endolymphatic sac. Our results further confirm that the petrosal bone and bony labyrinth have enormous potential for taxonomy. This work will provide new anatomical data for the phylogenetic study of ruminants in the future, and it will be very practical to identify the isolated ruminants' petrosal bones that are frequently unearthed from paleontological or archeological sites.
Opportunities and challenges with decentralized trials in Neuroscience
Authors: Burger Hans Ulrich , Van de Casteele Tom , Rantell Khadija Rerhou , Corey‐Lisle Patricia , Sfikas Nikolaos , Abt Markus ,   the Working group on Decentralized Trials as part of the European Scientific Interest Group (ESIG) in Neuroscience
Published: August 2023

AbstractDecentralized clinical trials (DCTs), that is, studies integrating elements of telemedicine and mobile/local healthcare providers allowing for home‐based assessments, are an important concept to make studies more resilient and more patient‐centric by taking into consideration participant's views and shifting trial activities to better meet the needs of trial participants. There are however, not only advantages but also challenges associated with DCTs. An area to be addressed by appropriate statistical methodology is the integration of data resulting from a possible mix of home and clinic assessments at different visits for the same variable, especially in adjusting for sources of possible systematic differences. One source of systematic bias may be how a participant perceives their disease and treatment in their home versus in a clinical setting. In this paper, we will discuss these issues with a focus on Neuroscience when participants have the choice between home and clinic assessments to illustrate how to identify systematic biases and describe appropriate approaches to maintain clinical trial scientific rigor. We will describe the benefits and challenges of DCTs in Neuroscience and then describe the relevance of home versus clinic assessments using the estimand framework. We outline several options to enable home assessments in a study. Results of simulations will be presented to help deciding between design and analysis options in a simple scenario where there might be differences in response between clinic and home assessments.
Prevalence and spectrum of cancer predisposition germline mutations in young patients with the common late‐onset cancers
Authors: Hao Shaoyu , Zhao Ximeng , Fan Yue , Liu Zhengchuang , Zhang Xiang , Li Wei , Yuan Hongling , Zhang Jie , Zhang Yanxiang , Ma Tonghui , Tao Houquan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic germline variants (PGVs) can play a vital role in the oncogenesis process in carriers. Previous studies have recognized that PGVs contribute to early onset of tumorigenesis in certain cancer types, for example, colorectal cancer and breast cancer. However, the reported prevalence data of cancer‐associated PGVs were highly inconsistent due to nonuniform patient cohorts, sequencing methods, and prominent difficulties in pathogenicity interpretation of variants. In addition to the above difficulties, due to the rarity of cases, the prevalence of cancer PGV carriers in young cancer patients affected by late‐onset cancer types has not been comprehensively evaluated to date.MethodsA total of 131 young cancer patients (1–29 years old at diagnosis) were enrolled in this study. The patients were affected by six common late‐onset cancer types, namely, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, and head–neck cancer. Cancer PGVs were identified and analyzed. based on NGS‐based targeted sequencing followed by bioinformatic screening and strict further evaluations of variant pathogenicity.ResultsTwenty‐three cancer PGVs in 21 patients were identified, resulting in an overall PGV prevalence of 16.0% across the six included cancer types, which was approximately double the prevalence reported in a previous pancancer study. Nine of the 23 PGVs are novel, thus expanding the cancer PGV spectrum. Seven of the 23 (30.4%) PGVs are potential therapeutic targets of olaparib, with potential implications for clinical manipulation. Additionally, a small prevalence of somatic mutations of some classic cancer hallmark genes in young patients, in contrast to all‐age patients, was revealed.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the high prevalence of PGVs in young cancer patients with the common late‐onset cancers and the potentially significant clinical implications of cancer PGVs, the findings highlight the value of PGV screening in young patients across lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, renal cancer, or head–neck cancer.
The unkindest cut of all: A quantitative study of betrayal narratives
Authors: Lalot Fanny 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAll close relationships come with the risk of experiencing betrayal. Despite its relevance for interpersonal relationships, the literature lacks updated knowledge about the types of betrayals people are more likely to experience and their differential consequences. This paper's aim is twofold: first, to replicate and update past findings from the 1990s to 2000s regarding the typology of betrayal narratives; and second, to provide a novel test of the role of causal attributions for response to the betrayal. It presents a quantitative analysis of more than 900 betrayal narratives from British, French and Swiss respondents (students and community participants). Participants freely reported a past episode of betrayal (betrayal narrative). Results revealed that unfaithfulness from a romantic partner was the most commonly reported instance of betrayal (17%), but there were also frequent occurrences of disappointing one's hopes and expectations, lying, revealing secrets, manipulating and taking advantage, gossiping and slandering, cutting ties unexpectedly, and failing to offer assistance during time of need. Most cases involved a close friend (27%) or romantic partner (30%); while others involved family members and people in the workplace. The most common behavioural responses were to confront or cut ties with the betrayer. Forgiveness seemed possible, especially for cases that had triggered less anger. Revenge was rarely reported overall, except in cases that had triggered more anger. Finally, causal attributions (to intrinsic vs. group‐based characteristics of the betrayer, to the situation and to the victim themselves) were related to different response to the betrayal and more specifically to forgiveness. These results contribute to developing a better typology of betrayal in interpersonal relationships. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Chemical Probes for Profiling of MALT1 Protease Activity
Authors: Verhelst Steven H. L. , Prothiwa Michaela 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe paracaspase MALT1 is a key regulator of the human immune response. It is implicated in a variety of human diseases. For example, deregulated protease activity drives the survival of malignant lymphomas and is involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. Thus, MALT1 has attracted attention as promising drug target. Although many MALT1 inhibitors have been identified, molecular tools to study MALT1 activity, target engagement and inhibition in complex biological samples, such as living cells and patient material, are still scarce. Such tools are valuable to validate MALT1 as a drug target in vivo and to assess yet unknown biological roles of MALT1. In this review, we discuss the recent literature on the development and biological application of molecular tools to study MALT1 activity and inhibition.
Mechanoenzymatic Reactions – Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Hollenbach Rebecca , Ochsenreither Katrin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMechanoenzymology has emerged as a recent topic in modern research and process design in the transition towards green chemistry. Due to the almost solvent‐free character of mechanoenzymatic reactions solvent usage is considerably reduced and waste can be avoided. Moreover, mechanoenzymatic reactions show highly promising space‐time yields and conversions, however, are still less investigated than their chemical counterparts. The selectivity of enzymes is an important feature for designing green processes and avoiding formation of by‐products. In this review, different mechanoenzymatic strategies are pointed out, involving the most common applied devices, i. e., shaker ball mills, planetary ball mills and twin‐screw extruders. Their compatibility with upscaling and continuous processes is discussed and reusability of enzymes in the different mechanoenzymatic processes is evaluated. In addition, learnings from mechanochemistry are presented and their potential benefits for mechanoenzymology are outlined.