bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring and Management of Intra-abdominal Pressure in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Li ZhiRu , Wang HuaFen , Lu FangYan 
Published: June 2023

Background
Intra-abdominal hypertension is a comorbid condition in critically ill children, is an independent predictor of mortality, and has harmful effects on multiple organ systems through renal, pulmonary or hemodynamic damage. Intra-abdominal pressure monitoring is widely used in clinical practice because it is a safe, accurate, inexpensive, and rapid method for the clinical diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension.

Objective
To improve pediatric critical care nurses’ understanding of and ability to perform intra-abdominal pressure monitoring and provide a reference for standardizing intra-abdominal pressure monitoring in clinical practice.

Methods
A literature review was performed using the following keywords: intra-abdominal pressure, bladder pressure, vesicular pressure, measurement, monitoring, critically ill children, pediatric intensive care, pediatric, and children. Four hundred fifty-four articles were initially identified and screened; 24 were included.

Results
The monitoring and management of intra-abdominal pressure should include appropriate and clinically proven intra-abdominal pressure measurement techniques, appropriate patients, the proper frequency of measurement, and a repeatable intra-abdominal pressure measurement method.

Conclusions
Knowledge of intra-abdominal pressure monitoring in critically ill children enhances the ability of nurses in clinical practice to accurately measure intra-abdominal pressure to improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical identification of intra-abdominal hypertension and guide decompression interventions.
Efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fatemi Behzad , Rezaei Soheila , Peikanpour Mohammad , Dastan Farzaneh , Saffaei Ali 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
Though controversial, many clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) in COVID-19 cases. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been performed to evaluate the efficacy of IVIG in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Experimental approach:
A systematic search was performed in electronic databases and preprint servers up to November 20, 2021. Since substantial heterogeneity was expected, a random-effects model was applied to pool effect size from included studies to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the continuous variables and relative risks (RRs) for the dichotomous variable with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Findings/Results:
Five randomized clinical trials and seven cohort studies were analyzed among the 12 eligible studies with a total of 2,156 patients. The pooled RR of mortality was 0.77 (CI 0.59-1.01, P-value = 0.06), and of mechanical ventilation was 1.50 (CI 0.29-7.83; P-value = 0.63) in the IVIG group compared with the standard care group. The pooled SMD of hospital length of stay was 0.84 (CI -0.43-2.11; P-value = 0.20) and of ICU length of stay was -0.07 (CI -0.92-0.78; P-value = 0.86) in the IVIG group compared with the standard care group.

Conclusion and implications:
This meta-analysis found that the IVIG therapy was not statistically different from the standard care group. Mortality, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and length of ICU stay were not significantly improved among IVIG recipients. However, statistical indifference is not equal to clinical indifference.
Molecular docking, synthesis, and antibacterial activity of the analogs of 1-allyl-3-benzoylthiourea
Authors: Shalas Alvan F. , Winarsih Sri , Ihsan Bachtiar Rifai Pratita , Kharismawati Aprilia , Firdaus Azatil Ismah , Wiloka Era 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
The incidence of antibiotic resistance rapidly emerges over the globe. In the present study, the synthesis of thiourea derivatives as antibacterial agents and their biological evaluation are reported.

Experimental approach:
Preliminary studies were done by molecular docking of four analogs of 1-allyl-3-benzoylthiourea, clorobiocin, and ciprofloxacin on the DNA gyrase subunit B receptor (PDB: 1KZN). The nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzoyl chloride analogs to the allylthiourea yielded four 1-allyl-3-benzoylthiourea analogs (Cpd 1-4). The reactions were done by a modified Schotten Baumann method. The in vitro antimicrobial activities were determined using the agar dilution method against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Findings/Results:
The in-silico study showed that Cpd 1-4 possesses a good interaction on the DNA gyrase subunit B receptor compared to the ciprofloxacin. Cpd 3 had the best binding affinity with a rerank score of - 91.2304. Although the candidate compounds showed unsatisfactory antibacterial activity, they indicated an increasing trend of growth inhibition along with the increment of concentration. Cpd 1 and 4 exhibited in vitro antibacterial activities against MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 1000 µg/mL, better compared to the other compounds.

Conclusion and implication:
Despite lacking antibacterial activity, all the synthesized compounds showed an increased trend of growth inhibition along with the increment of concentration. Therefore, additional development should be implemented to the compounds of interest in which optimization of lipophilicity and steric properties are suggested.
The effects of Astragalus polysaccharides, tragacanthin, and bassorin on methotrexate-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Samii Bahareh , Jafarian Abbas , Rabbani Mohamad , Zolfaghari Behzad , Rahgozar Soheila , Pouraboutaleb Elnaz 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
One strategy to overcome methotrexate (MTX) resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia is suppressing MDR1 expression. It has been proved Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) exert their anticancer effect by reversing drug resistance. Due to the structural similarity of tragacanthin and bassorin with APS, we aimed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned polysaccharides on the expression of the MDR1 gene in the MTX-treated CCRF-CEM cells.

Experimental approach:
Cytotoxicity of APS, bassorin, and tragacanthin on CCRF-CEM, CCRF-CEM/MTX (cells treated with MTX at IC50), and CCRF-CEM/R cells (CCRF-CEM cells resistant to MTX) was evaluated by MTT assay. The effect of all three compounds on MDR1 expression was evaluated using RT-PCR.

Findings/Results:
All the concentrations of tragacanthin, bassorin, and APS (except at 0.8-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM) decreased the viability of all the cells compared to the negative control group; and against the positive control (MTX-treated cells), only bassorin at 20-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R and tragacanthin at 50 and 100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/MTX and at 2-100 μg/mL in CCRF-CEM/R decreased cell viability. Tragacanthin diminished MDR1 expression in CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells, which MTX had already induced.

Conclusion and implication:
According to the results of this study, tragacanthin was a potent cytotoxic agent against CCRF-CEM cells and enhanced the chemosensitivity of CCRF-CEM/MTX and CCRF-CEM/R cells to MTX by down-regulation of MDR1 gene expression. Therefore, it could be a promising compound against cancer. Other possible mechanisms of action of tragacanthin should be evaluated and further in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.
Renal vascular responses to angiotensin II infusion in two kidneys-one clip hypertensive rats under partial ischemia/reperfusion with and without ischemia preconditioning: the roles of AT1R blockade and co-blockades of AT1R and MasR
Authors: Karimi Farzaneh , Nematbakhsh Mehdi 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
The renin-angiotensin system activation, partial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, and hypertension contribute to the development of acute kidney injury. The study aims to look at the vascular responses of angiotensin II (Ang II) during Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade (losartan) or co-blockades of AT1R and Mas receptor (A779) in two kidneys one clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats which subjected to partial IR injury with and without ischemia preconditioning (IPC).

Experimental approach:
Thirty-three 2K1C male Wistar rats with systolic blood pressure ≥ 150 mmHg were divided into three groups of sham, IR, and IPC + IR divided into two sub-groups receiving losartan or losartan + A779. The IR group had 45 min partial kidney ischemia, while the IPC + IR group had two 5 min cycles of partial ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion and then 45 min of partial kidney ischemia followed by reperfusion. The sham group was subjected to similar surgical procedures except for IR or IPC.

Findings/Results:
Ang II increased mean arterial pressure in all the groups, but there were no significant differences between the sub-groups. A significant difference was observed in the renal blood flow response to Ang II between two sub-groups of sham and IR groups treated with AT1R blockade alone or co-blockades of AT1R + A779.

Conclusion and implications:
These findings demonstrated the significance of AT1R and Mas receptor following partial renal IR in the renal blood flow responses to Ang II in 2K1C hypertensive rats.
Anti-metastatic effect of taraxasterol on prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Movahhed Morteza , Pazhouhi Mona , Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh Hadi , Jalali Kondori Bahman 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
Prostate cancer is the second cause of death among men. Nowadays, treating various cancers with medicinal plants is more common than other therapeutic agents due to their minor side effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of taraxasterol on the prostate cancer cell line.

Experimental approach:
The prostate cancer cell line (PC3) was cultured in a nutrient medium. MTT method and trypan blue staining were used to evaluate the viability of cells in the presence of different concentrations of taraxasterol, and IC50 was calculated. Real-time PCR was used to measure the expression of MMP-9, MMP-2, uPA, uPAR, TIMP-2, and TIMP-1 genes. Gelatin zymography was used to determine MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzyme activity levels. Finally, the effect of taraxasterol on cell invasion, migration, and adhesion was investigated.

Findings/Results:
Taraxasterol decreased the survival rate of PC3 cells at IC50 time-dependently (24, 48, and 72 h). Taraxasterol reduced the percentage of PC3 cell adhesion, invasion, and migration by 74, 56, and 76 percent, respectively. Real-time PCR results revealed that uPA, uPAR, MMP-9, and MMP-2 gene expressions decreased in the taraxasterol-treated groups, but TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 gene expressions increased significantly. Also, a significant decrease in the level of MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzymes was observed in the PC3 cell line treated with taraxasterol.

Conclusion and implications:
The present study confirmed the therapeutic role of taraxasterol in preventing prostate cancer cell metastasis in the in-vitro study.
Analytical determination, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Bhamrung-Lohit a traditional Thai medicine
Authors: Panchakul Chitralada , Thongdeeying Pakakrong , Itharat Arunporn , Pipatrattanaseree Weerachai , Kongkwamcharoen Chonthicha , Davies Neal M. 
Published: June 2023

Background and purpose:
Bhamrung-Lohit (BRL) remedy is a traditional Thai medicine (TTM). There are few reports of biological activity, the activity of its constituent plants, or quantitative analytical methods for the content of phytochemicals. In this study, we investigated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content and validated a new analytical method for BRL.

Experimental approach:
Antioxidant activity was evaluated by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging. The cellular antioxidant activity was evaluated by inhibition of the superoxide anion (O2●-) production from HL-60 cells and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Validated analytical procedures were conducted according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines.

Findings/Results:
An ethanolic extract of BRL exerted potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and moderate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Caesalpinia sappan exerted the greatest effect and the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids. The HPLC method validated parameters that complied with ICH requirements. Each peak showed selectivity with a baseline resolution of 2.0 and precision was less than 2.0% CV. The linearity of all compounds was > 0.999 and the recovery % was within 98.0%-102.0%. The validated results demonstrated specificity/selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy with appropriate LOD and LOQ.

Conclusion and implication:
BRL remedy, a TTM demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is the first report on the biological activity and the validation of an HPLC method for BRL remedy.
The Pattern of Malignancies and Associated Factors Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Ale Ayotunde Oladunni , Agboola Ayodeji Johnson , Ayoade Babatunde Adeteru , Bakare Jane Chiemeka 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Epidemiological evidence shows that both diabetes and cancers have a devastating impact on health globally. Studies have observed a significant rise of cancer risk among diabetes patients, particularly among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Caucasians. However, there is a dearth of epidemiological study in sub-Sahara Africa and Nigeria.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to report the pattern of malignancies and associated factors as seen among T2DM patients in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective analysis of all cancer cases with T2DM at the diabetic outpatient clinic over a 2-year period. Their clinical data were collected. Cancers were categorized into breast, Reproductive(RE), Gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs (GIT), Hematological, Central nervous, and Dermatological (DE) systems. Results were collated and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS 21.

Results:
Four hundred and fifty-one T2DM patients newly presenting were seen. Out of this, 29 of them had cancers within the stated period. The mean age of DM patients with and without reported cancers was comparable, 63.11 (4.77) versus 58.25 (14.26), P = 0.08. The female constituted majority (18, 62.07%) of the DM patients with cancers. The most occurring cancers were observed in breast 9 (31.03%) and GIT 9 (31.03%), followed by RE 6 (20.69%) and others 5 (17.24%). Breast cancers exclusively occurred in females while GIT 7 (63.64%) cancers were predominant in males. Associated factors with cancers are shorter DM duration, adiposity, and elevated atherogenic indices, P < 0.05.

Conclusion:
The commonly observed cancers in T2DM were breast cancers and GI cancers, mostly prevalent in the middle-aged class and with a differential gender distribution.
Thyroid Function in Obese Patients without Thyroid Disorders
Authors: Haq Tahniyah , Fariduddin Md , Sutradhar Palash Chandra , Aurpa Nishat Nayla , Hasanat Md Abul 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Thyroid status influences weight and thyroid function is altered in obese individuals.

Objective:
This study aimed to see the levels of free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and their relationship with the parameters of obesity in obese children and adults with primary exogenous obesity without thyroid disorders.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from May 2019 to March 2020 in 238 children and adults with primary exogenous obesity. Individuals with thyroid disorders were excluded from the study. Data were taken from hospital records to assess the thyroid function (FT4 and TSH) in obesity.

Results:
Two hundred and thirty-eight individuals with a mean age of 16.42 ± 9.72 years (range 3–62 years) and mean body mass index of 31.09 ± 7.64 kg/m2 were included in the study. The distribution of FT4 was normal and that of TSH was skewed to the right. Ninety-five percent confidence interval (CI) of FT4 and TSH was within the normal reference range. Ninety-five percent CI of FT4 was in the upper end of normal (1.176–1.251 mIU/L in ≤20 years and 1.094–1.306 mIU/L in >20 years) and that of TSH was in the lower end of normal (2.619–3.207 mIU/L in ≤20 years and 2.616–4.141 mIU/L in >20 years). About 13.4% had low FT4 and 15.4% had raised TSH. Waist circumference (WC) had a negative linear association with FT4 (r = −0.229, P = 0.003, R
2 = 5.24%), which was not present in the multivariate analysis. WC was significantly higher in the first versus third quartile of FT4 (103.974 ± 17.211 vs. 94.818 ± 14.544 cm).

Conclusion:
FT4 and TSH levels were in the lower and upper end of normal, respectively, in obese patients without thyroid disorders. Central obesity was negatively associated with FT4 in obese individuals.
Combined remineralizing effect of arginine and fluoride on artificially demineralized human primary dentin evaluated using quantitative light induced fluorescence
Authors: Prasad Jeessica , Bhojraj Nandlal , Shanbhog Raghavendra , Ashwini K. P. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
One the most common chronic dental diseases affecting children is dental caries. Dentin caries is a condition in which caries has progressed to the dentin and caused a significant depth of lesion. Clinical studies have revealed that an increased caries risk is associated with a decreased alkali-producing capacity of the microbial populations colonizing the oral cavity of adults, which arginine somewhat compensates for.

Aims:
To evaluate the remineralizing efficacy of fluoridated toothpaste, with fluoride-arginine containing toothpaste on demineralized dentin of primary teeth using quantitative light-induced fluorescence™.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five primary molars were decoronated and sectioned to prepare dentin specimens and mounted in an acrylic block in a uniform manner using a customized acrylic jig. Samples were randomized into three groups, were subjected to demineralization to create artificial dentin caries lesion. Following this, all the 45 samples were subjected to multispecies bacterial pH cycling for 21 days. All the specimens were evaluated for postdemineralization, pH cycling day 7, 14, and 21 on QLF™.

Results:
On day 21, maximum fluorescence gain was observed by the positive control group followed by the arginine and negative control group. The variation observed between positive control and arginine group was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusions:
An in vitro development of artificial caries such as demineralized lesion on primary dentin sample using plaque biofilm was observed successfully under QLF after 72 h. Arginine in combination with fluoride showed almost similar remineralization of demineralized primary dentin compared to fluoride alone after 21 days of multispecies bacterial pH cycling.
An 8-year follow-up of resin infiltration on anterior white spot lesions
Authors: Omoto Érika M , Oliveira Laryssa C , Rocha Rafael S , Machado Lucas Silveira , Bresciani Eduardo , Prakki Anuradha , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
White spot lesions (WSLs) are sites of enamel surface and subsurface demineralization that increases tissue porosity and affects the teeth appearance. The resin infiltration technique proved to be a valid alternative to arrest caries lesion progression and to masking a color change in noncavitated WSLs. Thus, this study aims to report a clinical case of anterior WSLs treated with resin infiltration technique with an 8-year follow-up. The resin infiltration protocol was performed in an 18-year-old female patient presenting WSLs on the maxillary right lateral incisor, left central incisor, and left canine. The protocol followed the manufacturer’s recommendations. The patient reported satisfaction with the smile appearance, at the end of the appointment. Infiltrated areas remained unchanged after an 8-year follow-up, showing an acceptable result for the patient’s esthetic desires. After 8 years of evaluation, the resin infiltration technique proved to be a resistant and reliable alternative in preventing caries progression and in color masking WSLs.
Antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, saline, and Er, Cr:YSGG laser-assisted disinfection in root canal treatment of primary molars: An in vivo study
Authors: Chauhan Neha , Kumar Gyanendra , Goswami Mridula , Johar Smriti , Sharma Abha 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of the study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Saline, and Er, Cr:YSGG laser-assisted disinfection through microbiological analysis in root canal treatment of primary molars.

Materials and Methods:
Forty-five primary teeth were selected for this study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria in the age group of 4–8 years and then randomly allocated to Three Groups A, B, and C. In Group A, during root canal treatment, irrigation was done using NaOCl, in Group B, laser-assisted disinfection was done using Er, Cr:YSGG laser, and in Group C, saline was used as an irrigating agent. This was followed by obtaining pre- and postirrigation samples from the canals for microbiological investigation in all the groups. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science-21 (SPSS-21).

Results:
NaOCl was more effective against aerobic bacteria while Er, Cr:YSGG laser was more effective against anaerobic bacteria when used for disinfection in root canal treatment. There was a significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
The study showed that NaOCl and Er, Cr:YSGG laser have antimicrobial effects when used for disinfection in root canal treatment of primary teeth. Moreover, the study also shows that Er, Cr:YSGG laser may be used as a valuable tool for laser-assisted disinfection in root canal treatment of primary teeth.