bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extensive crop–wild hybridization during Brassica evolution and selection during the domestication and diversification of Brassica crops
Authors: Saban Jasmine M , Romero Anne J , Ezard Thomas H G , Chapman Mark A 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Adaptive genetic diversity in crop wild relatives (CWRs) can be exploited to develop improved crops with higher yield and resilience if phylogenetic relationships between crops and their CWRs are resolved. This further allows accurate quantification of genome-wide introgression and determination of regions of the genome under selection. Using broad sampling of CWRs and whole genome sequencing, we further demonstrate the relationships among two economically valuable and morphologically diverse Brassica crop species, their CWRs, and their putative wild progenitors. Complex genetic relationships and extensive genomic introgression between CWRs and Brassica crops were revealed. Some wild Brassica oleracea populations have admixed feral origins; some domesticated taxa in both crop species are of hybrid origin, while wild Brassica rapa is genetically indistinct from turnips. The extensive genomic introgression that we reveal could result in false identification of selection signatures during domestication using traditional comparative approaches used previously; therefore, we adopted a single-population approach to study selection during domestication. We used this to explore examples of parallel phenotypic selection in the two crop groups and highlight promising candidate genes for future investigation. Our analysis defines the complex genetic relationships between Brassica crops and their diverse CWRs, revealing extensive cross-species gene flow with implications for both crop domestication and evolutionary diversification more generally.
The Incidence of Pouch Neoplasia Following Ileal Pouch–Anal Anastomosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Urquhart Siri A , Comstock Bryce P , Jin Mauricio F , Day Courtney N , Eaton John E , Harmsen William S , Raffals Laura E , Loftus Edward V , Coelho-Prabhu Nayantara 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background
Ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard restorative procedure following proctocolectomy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who require colectomy. However, removal of the diseased colon does not eliminate the risk of pouch neoplasia. We aimed to assess the incidence of pouch neoplasia in IBD patients following IPAA.

Methods
All patients at a large tertiary center with International Classification of Diseases–Ninth Revision/International Classification of Diseases–Tenth Revision codes for IBD who underwent IPAA and had subsequent pouchoscopy were identified using a clinical notes search from January 1981 to February 2020. Relevant demographic, clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were abstracted.

Results
In total, 1319 patients were included (43.9% women). Most had ulcerative colitis (95.2%). Out of 1319 patients, 10 (0.8%) developed neoplasia following IPAA. Neoplasia of the pouch was seen in 4 cases with neoplasia of the cuff or rectum seen in 5 cases. One patient had neoplasia of the prepouch, pouch, and cuff. Types of neoplasia included low-grade dysplasia (n = 7), high-grade dysplasia (n = 1), colorectal cancer (n = 1), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (n = 1). Presence of extensive colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, backwash ileitis, and rectal dysplasia at the time of IPAA were significantly associated with increased risk of pouch neoplasia.

Conclusions
The incidence of pouch neoplasia in IBD patients who have undergone IPAA is relatively low. Extensive colitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and backwash ileitis prior to IPAA and rectal dysplasia at the time of IPAA raise the risk of pouch neoplasia significantly. A limited surveillance program might be appropriate for patients with IPAA even with a history of colorectal neoplasia.
Middle lobe suffering due to malposition and 180° tilt of the 2 remaining lobes after right upper lobectomy
Authors: Janet-Vendroux Aurelie , Al Zreibi Charbel , Reverdito Guillaume , Arame Alex , Badia Alain , Masmoudi Hicham , Messaoudi Houssem , Le Pimpec-Barthes Francoise 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMiddle lobe (ML) suffering after right upper lobectomy (RUL) is rare but represents a major complication usually due to lobar torsion. We report 3 atypical consecutive cases of ML suffering due to malposition of the 2 remaining right lobes with a 180° tilt. All 3 female patients had surgery for non–small-cell carcinoma including RUL associated with radical hilar and mediastinal lymph node removal. Postoperative chest X-ray abnormalities appeared at days 1–3 respectively. The diagnosis of malposition of the 2 lobes was done on contrast-enhanced chest CT scan at days 7, 7 and 6, respectively. A reoperation for suspected ML torsion was required in all patients. Three repositionings of the 2 lobes and 1 middle lobectomy were performed. The postoperative courses were then uneventful, and the 3 patients were alive at a mean follow-up of 12 months. Before thoracic approach closure after RUL, systematic check of good positioning of the 2 reinflated remaining lobes is indispensable. It may prevent ML suffering secondary to 180° lobar tilt leading to whole pulmonary malposition.
Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Postoperative Seroma of the Breast and Axilla
Authors: Smith Camron B , Baker Jay A , Yoon Sora C , Lowell Dorothy A , Grimm Lars 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the effectiveness of alcohol sclerotherapy in postoperative breast and axillary seromas.MethodsThis was an IRB-approved retrospective review of consecutive patients from 2017 to 2021. The procedure involves aspiration of seroma fluid, injection of ethanol for 15 to 30 minutes, and then aspiration of the injected ethanol. Following review of the medical record, patient and procedure data were recorded. Success was defined as no recurrence of seroma. Statistical analysis was performed using a chi-square or t-test, as appropriate.ResultsTwenty seromas were treated in 19 patients (mean age, 63 years; range, 49–79) following mastectomy (9/20, 45%), lumpectomy (25%, 5/20), axillary nodal dissection (5/20, 25%), or chest wall surgery (1/20, 5%). The mean seroma volume was 146 ± 165 mL. There was a mean of 1.4 prior aspiration attempts (range, 0–3). Mean injected ethanol volume was 39 mL (range, 8–60 mL) for a mean of 26 ± 5 minutes. Seromas recurred in 85% (17/20) of cases, and repeat aspiration was performed in 35% (6/17). The mean recurrence time was 34 ± 29 days. The recurrent seromas were 31% smaller (mean, 80 ± 48 mL). Only a smaller pre-ablation seroma was associated with successful ablation (P &lt; 0.01), as the mean pre-ablation volume was 36 ± 24 mL for successful ablations and 119 ± 56 mL for unsuccessful ablations. There were no post-procedural complications.ConclusionSingle-treatment ethanol sclerotherapy is typically unsuccessful in ablating breast and axillary seromas. Only a smaller pre-ablation seroma size was associated with successful ablation.
Hands-on seminar for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy and intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Masui Koji , Yoshida Ken , Noda Shin-ei , Watanabe Miho , Takenaka Tadashi , Ii Noriko , Atsumi Kazushige , Umezawa Rei , Inaba Koji , Iijima Kotaro , Kubo Akiko , Igaki Hiroshi , Shikama Naoto , Ikushima Hitoshi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Compared with the implementation speed of image-guided adaptive brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer, that of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy is slow, possible because it requires more invasive procedure of inserting needles directly into tumours. To accelerate the implementation speed of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy, a first hands-on seminar for image-guided adaptive brachytherapy and intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer was held on 26 November 2022, supported by Japanese Society for Radiology and Oncology. This article deals with this hands-on seminar and difference of degree of confidence of participants in starting intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy before and after the seminar.

Methods
The seminar consisted of lectures regarding intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy in the morning and hands-on practice of needle insertion and contouring, as well as dose calculation practice using the radiation treatment system in the evening. Prior to and following the seminar, participants completed a questionnaire asking about their level of confidence in performing intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy, expressed between 0 and 10 (the higher the number, the stronger the confidence).

Results
A total of 15 physicians, six medical physicists and eight radiation technologists from 11 institutions attended the meeting. The median level of confidence before and after the seminar was 3 (range, 0–6) and 5.5 (range, 3–7), respectively, and a statistically significant improvement was observed (P&lt;0.001).

Conclusion
It was suggested that the hands-on seminar on intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced uterine cervical cancer improved the level of confidence of the attendees and propelled their motivation, through which it is expected that the implementation of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy will be accelerated.
A quantitative Heppes theorem and multivariate Bernoulli distributions
Authors: Fraiman Ricardo , Moreno Leonardo , Ransford Thomas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUsing some extensions of a theorem of Heppes on finitely supported discrete probability measures, we address the problems of classification and testing based on projections. In particular, when the support of the distributions is known in advance (as for instance for multivariate Bernoulli distributions), a single suitably chosen projection determines the distribution. Several applications of these results are considered.
ORIGIN OF RECOGNITION COMPLEX 3 controls the development of maternal excess endosperm in the Paspalum simplex agamic complex (Poaceae)
Authors: Bellucci Michele , Caceres Maria Eugenia , Paolocci Francesco , Vega Juan Manuel , Ortiz Juan Pablo Amelio , Ceccarelli Marilena , De Marchis Francesca , Pupilli Fulvio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Pseudogamous apomixis in Paspalum simplex generates seeds with embryos genetically identical to the mother plant and endosperms deviating from the canonical 2(maternal):1(paternal) parental genome contribution into a maternal excess 4m:1p genome ratio. In P. simplex, the gene homologous to that coding for subunit 3 of the ORIGIN OF RECOGNITION COMPLEX (PsORC3) exists in three isogenic forms: PsORC3a is apomixis specific and constitutively expressed in developing endosperm whereas PsORCb and PsORCc are up-regulated in sexual endosperms and silenced in apomictic ones. This raises the question of how the different arrangement and expression profiles of these three ORC3 isogenes are linked to seed development in interploidy crosses generating maternal excess endosperms. We demonstrate that down-regulation of PsORC3b in sexual tetraploid plants is sufficient to restore seed fertility in interploidy 4n×2n crosses and, in turn, its expression level at the transition from proliferating to endoreduplication endosperm developmental stages dictates the fate of these seeds. Furthermore, we show that only when being maternally inherited can PsORC3c up-regulate PsORC3b. Our findings lay the basis for an innovative route—based on ORC3 manipulation—to introgress the apomictic trait into sexual crops and overcome the fertilization barriers in interploidy crosses.
Analysis of Specificity and Distribution Characteristics of Red Blood Cell Irregular Antibodies
Authors: Ni Hui , Sun Xiaoye , Cong Hui 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
The presence of red blood cell (RBC) irregular antibodies can severely jeopardize mother and child and bring trouble to the treatment of anemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the specificity of RBC irregular antibody in inpatients.

Methods
An analysis was performed on samples from patients with RBC irregular antibodies. Antibody screening positive samples were analyzed.

Results
Among the 778 cases of irregular antibody positive samples, 214 were from males and 564 from females. History of blood transfusion accounted for 13.1% of the total. Of the women, 96.8% had a pregnancy. A total of 131 antibodies were identified. The antibodies included 68 Rh systematic antibodies, 6 MNS systematic antibodies, 6 Lewis systematic antibodies, 2 Kidd systematic antibodies, 10 autoantibodies, and 39 antibodies of uncertain specificity.

Conclusion
Patients with blood transfusion or pregnancy history are prone to produce RBC irregular antibodies.
Nucleation–Growth Versus Spinodal Decomposition in Fe–Cr Alloys: An Experimental Verification by Atom Probe Tomography and Small Angle Neutron Scattering
Authors: Sarkar Sudip Kumar , Ray Debes , Sen Debasis , Biswas Aniruddha 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIdentifying the operative mode of phase separation [spinodal decomposition (SD) or nucleation–growth (NG)] remains an extremely important area of research. The present work examines this critically in the Fe–Cr system using atom probe tomography (APT) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and establishes the framework to distinguish the two different modes of α′ phase separation in thermally aged Fe–35 at% Cr and Fe–20 at% Cr alloys. Independent APT analysis determines the mode of phase separation on the basis of (i) the presence/absence of periodic chemical fluctuation through radial distribution function analysis and (ii) interphase interface characteristics (diffuse/sharp). SANS analysis, in contrast, yields virtually indistinguishable correlation peaks for both the modes, which necessitates further investigation of the several different aspects of SANS profiles in the light of APT results. For the first time, key features of SANS profiles have been identified that can unambiguously distinguish SD from NG in the Fe–Cr system: (i) nature of temporal evolution of FWHM of the correlation peak and (ii) appropriate value of γ for fitting with the dynamic scaling model (γ = 6 for SD, Fe–35 at% Cr alloy; γ = 4 for NG, Fe–20 at% Cr alloy).
Identifying the Best Approximating Model in Bayesian Phylogenetics: Bayes Factors, Cross-Validation or wAIC?
Authors: Lartillot Nicolas 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThere is still no consensus as to how to select models in Bayesian phylogenetics, and more generally in applied Bayesian statistics. Bayes factors are often presented as the method of choice, yet other approaches have been proposed, such as cross-validation or information criteria. Each of these paradigms raises specific computational challenges, but they also differ in their statistical meaning, being motivated by different objectives: either testing hypotheses or finding the best-approximating model. These alternative goals entail different compromises, and as a result, Bayes factors, cross-validation, and information criteria may be valid for addressing different questions. Here, the question of Bayesian model selection is revisited, with a focus on the problem of finding the best-approximating model. Several model selection approaches were re-implemented, numerically assessed and compared: Bayes factors, cross-validation (CV), in its different forms (k-fold or leave-one-out), and the widely applicable information criterion (wAIC), which is asymptotically equivalent to leave-one-out cross-validation (LOO-CV). Using a combination of analytical results and empirical and simulation analyses, it is shown that Bayes factors are unduly conservative. In contrast, CV represents a more adequate formalism for selecting the model returning the best approximation of the data-generating process and the most accurate estimates of the parameters of interest. Among alternative CV schemes, LOO-CV and its asymptotic equivalent represented by the wAIC, stand out as the best choices, conceptually and computationally, given that both can be simultaneously computed based on standard Markov chain Monte Carlo runs under the posterior distribution. [Bayes factor; cross-validation; marginal likelihood; model comparison; wAIC.]
An exercise in restraint: amending the presumption of advancement
Authors: Morsali Emitis 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article considers the law concerning the presumption of advancement as it applies in the United Kingdom and other common law countries. The article suggests that the proposed legislative reforms in the United Kingdom, by which the presumption would be abolished, provide no sure guide for the path the law will take in the future. This is evidenced by the fact that they have failed to come into force as of January 2023. Governments should instead exercise restraint, permitting the law to continue to be developed by the courts on a case-by-case basis, sensitive to the realities of modern social conditions and human relationships, on which the presumption has always been, and should continue to be, anchored.
Uterine Externalization Versus In Situ Repair of Hysterotomy During Cesarean Delivery: A Systematic Review, Equivalence Meta-analysis, and Trial Sequential Analysis
Authors: Bhat A. , Jaffer D. , Keasler P. , Kamath K. , Kelly J. , Singh P.M. 
Published: February 2023

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2022;50:103271)
Cesarean delivery (CD) technique should be optimized in order to optimize quality of recovery, oral intake, bowel function, and ambulation. Two different and contested forms of surgical techniques exist in order to repair the hysterotomy-externalization and in situ repair. Previous studies have demonstrated differing results in outcomes between the 2 techniques, leading to clinical equipoise and choice based on provider preference. This study examined different randomized controlled studies chosen for data accuracy and consistency that compared in situ and externalized uterine repair in an effort to analyze the greatest number of patients possible.
Supine Hypotensive Syndrome of Pregnancy: A Review of Current Knowledge
Authors: Massoth C. , Chappell D. , Kranke P. , Wenk M. 
Published: February 2023

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2022;39:236–243)
Supine hypotensive syndrome was first described in 1953, which was used to describe acute hypotension associated with pallor, sweating, increased femoral venous pressure, and increased pulse rate during pregnancy when lying in a supine position for 3 to 7 minutes. It continues to be a peripartum challenge in the field of obstetrics today, and the use of the 15 degrees lateral tilt (first introduced in the 1970s) during labor and cesarean section remains a mandatory clinical practice worldwide. Modern physiological and anatomic knowledge prompts a reassessment of guidelines regarding supine hypotensive syndrome of pregnancy. This review looks at the definition and physiology of supine hypotensive syndrome; symptomatic vs. asymptomatic parturients; hemodynamic measurements and compression of the aorta when in the supine position; maternal position and fetal compromise; and implications for obstetric anesthesia.
Lawmakers v. The Scientific Realities of Human Reproduction
Authors: Rasmussen S.A. , Jamieson D.J. 
Published: February 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:367–368)
The Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization case was determined by the US Supreme Court in favor of having government dictate the health care of Americans regarding human reproduction, overturning the Roe v. Wade decision. The result of the trial was an effort to protect the health of persons seeking abortion, however, data from the National Center for Health Statistics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention indicate abortion is not a significant issue concerning maternal mortality rates (0.41 abortion deaths vs 23.8 overall deaths per 100000). Restricting abortion access does not dramatically decrease abortions performed, but it does dramatically impact the safety of those abortions. State laws against abortion can have severe adverse physical, financial, emotional, social, and legal ramifications as well as an impact on maternal mortality. New laws regarding human reproduction bring confusion around IVF rights and risk creating an even greater health and wealth disparity. The New England Journal of Medicine strongly condemns the decision made by the US Supreme Court in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization case.
Could, Should Families Watch Their Loved One’s Surgeries and, If So, When?
Authors: Quiñónez Z.A. , Pyke-Grimm K.A. , Char D. 
Published: February 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2022;135:704–707)
The quality of transparency in health care in an ongoing discussion in the United States. An increasing number of families desire to observe surgical procedures and decision-making processes within the operating room (OR). There are some care locations where families are already allowed such as the ED, ICU, and labor and delivery, and patients may move rapidly to or from one of these sites. This article discusses the presence of families (FP) in the procedural and perioperative environment and the factors and situations to consider including family presence during cesarean delivery, all trying to answer the question of whether FP should be part of family-centered care that would provide increased transparency provided there were not risk of worse clinical outcomes.
Maternal Vaccination and Risk of Hospitalization for Covid-19 Among Infants
Authors: Halasa N.B. , Olson S.M. , Staat M.A. , Newhams M.M. , Price A.M. ,   et al,   Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators
Published: February 2023

(N Engl J Med. 2022;387:109–119)
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increases the risk of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy have been shown to be effective at mitigating the risks of severe COVID-19 side effects in the mother, yet infants <6 months of age are not eligible for the vaccination though still prone to adverse effects of the infection. COVID-19 vaccination of the mother during pregnancy may propagate vaccination benefits to the neonate through transplacental transfer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARs-CoV-2) antibodies and provide protection to infants. The aim of this study is to analyze maternal vaccination and the risk of hospitalization of infants younger than 6 months of age from COVID-19.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders: Knowledge Gaps in Anesthesia Care
Authors: Warrick C.M. , Markley J.C. , Farber M.K. , Balki M. , Katz D. , Hess P.E. , Padilla C. , Waters J.H. , Weiniger C.F. , Butwick A.J. 
Published: February 2023

(Anesth Analg. 2022;135:191–197)
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder is a high-risk, life-threatening illness for pregnant women and its incidence has increased over time. Peripartum complications include massive blood loss, intensive care unit admission, and hysterectomy. Guidelines recommend a multidisciplinary team for PAS disorder management, within which anesthesiologists play an important role as they manage peridelivery care, oversee transfusion-related decisions, and oversee postpartum analgesia. Despite anesthesiologists’ key involvement in PAS disorder management during the peripartum period, the relationship between anesthesiologist involvement and maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients with PAS lacks data. This Special Article analyzes knowledge gaps in anesthesia care for patients with PAS disorder and what research is required to bridge these gaps.