bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptance and Commitment Training in the Workplace
Authors: Flaxman Paul E. , Prudenzi Arianna , Zernerova Lucie 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the workplace has become an important context for delivering acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions. This article summarizes the evidence that has accumulated on worksite ACT-based training programs. Although these programs have been shown to be effective in improving employees’ general mental health, their effects on job burnout and overall psychological flexibility have been less consistent. The authors respond to calls to provide clearer conceptualization of ACT’s hypothesized influence on people’s work-related well-being by considering the functions of psychological flexibility from the perspective of resource-based theories of job characteristics, burnout, and work engagement. The article highlights opportunities for further workplace research and practice, including: exploring the predictive influence of psychological flexibility on the effects of job demands and job resources; the use of multidimensional measures of flexibility to investigate specific subprocesses of change in worksite ACT interventions; and the potential of cultivating flexibility as part of other organizational initiatives.
The Concept of Accountability in AI Ethics and Governance
Authors: Lechterman Theodore M. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Calls to hold artificial intelligence to account are intensifying. Activists and researchers alike warn of an “accountability gap” or even a “crisis of accountability” in AI. Meanwhile, several prominent scholars maintain that accountability holds the key to governing AI. But usage of the term varies widely in discussions of AI ethics and governance. This chapter begins by disambiguating some different senses and dimensions of accountability, distinguishing it from neighboring concepts, and identifying sources of confusion. It proceeds to explore the idea that AI operates within an accountability gap arising from technical features of AI as well as the social context in which it is deployed. The chapter also evaluates various proposals for closing this gap. It concludes that the role of accountability in AI ethics and governance is vital but also more limited than some suggest. Accountability’s primary job description is to verify compliance with substantive normative principles—once those principles are settled. Theories of accountability cannot ultimately tell us what substantive standards to account for, especially when norms are contested or still emerging. Nonetheless, formal mechanisms of accountability provide a way of diagnosing and discouraging egregious wrongdoing even in the absence of normative agreement. Providing accounts can also be an important first step toward the development of more comprehensive regulatory standards for AI.
Smart City Technologies
Authors: Botero Arcila Beatriz 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Smart cities and smart city technologies are terms used to refer to computational models of urbanism and to data-driven and algorithmically intermediated technologies. Smart city technologies intend to plan for and deliver new efficiencies, insights, and conveniences on city services. At the same time, in instances when these tools are involved in decision-making processes that don’t have right or wrong mathematical answers, they present important challenges related to cementing inequality, discrimination, and surveillance. This chapter is an introduction to the governance challenges smart city technologies pose. It includes an overview of the literature, focusing on the risks they pose and it includes a case study of surveillance technologies as an example of the adoption and diffusion patterns of smart city technologies. This is a political economy approach to smart city technologies, which emphasizes the adoption, development, and diffusion patterns of these technologies as a function of institutional, market and ideological dynamics. Such an approach should allow scholars and policymakers to find points of intervention at the level of the institutions and infrastructures that sustain the current shape of these technologies to address and prevent some of risks and harms they create. This should help interested parties add some nuance to binary analyses and identify different actors, institutions, and infrastructures that can be instances of intervention to shape their effects and create change. It should also help those working on developing these tools to imagine how institutions and infrastructures must be shaped to realize their benefits.
AI Loyalty by Design
Authors: Aguirre Anthony , Reiner Peter B. , Surden Harry , Dempsey Gaia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Personal and professional relationships between people take a wide variety of forms, with many including both socially and legally enforced powers, responsibilities, and protections. Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly supplementing, or even replacing, people in such roles including as advisors, assistants, and (soon) doctors, lawyers, and therapists. Yet it can be quite unclear to what degree they are bound by the same sorts of responsibilities. Much has been written about fairness, accountability, and transparency in the context of AI use and trust. But largely missing from this conversation is the concept of “AI loyalty”: for whom does an AI system work? AI systems are often created by corporations or other organizations, and may be operated by an intermediary party, such as a government agency or business, but the end-users are often distinct individuals. This leads to potential conflict between the interests of the users and those of the creators or intermediaries, and, problematically, to AI systems that appear to act purely in users’ interest even when they are not. Here, we investigate the concept of “loyalty” both in human and AI systems, and advocate its central consideration in AI design. Systems for which high loyalty is appropriate should be designed, from the outset, to primarily and transparently benefit their end users, or at minimum transparently communicate unavoidable conflict-of-interest tradeoffs. This chapter discusses both market and social advantages of high-loyalty AI systems, and potential governance frameworks in which AI loyalty can be encouraged and—in appropriate contexts—required.
Land in Food Regimes
Authors: McMichael Philip 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Land is the centerpiece of food regimes. Originating in the long twentieth century, food regimes have developed across time and space via waves of land enclosure, commodifying natural resources to feed capital accumulation. The consolidating frontier has dismantled diverse farm and forest cultures in a cumulative process of “dispossession by accumulation.” Land-grab patterning shapes food regimes that are governed by hegemonic geopolitical relations and specified by geographies of global food provisioning. Successive food regimes deepen the span of industrial capitalism, annihilating space by time: collapsing distance with rising velocities of food circulation. Continuing land enclosure annihilates time by space, with the future closing in on a planetary ecology seriously compromised by public-private financial partnerships, promoting “agriculture without farmers/humans” with standardizing narratives of “sustainable intensification,” represented now by biodigitalization.
Land in World-Ecology Perspectives
Authors: Patel Raj 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While theorists of international relations have generally understood land as a strategic resource under the purview of nation-states, a range of theories in the classical Marxist tradition have offered an increasingly sophisticated critique. World-systems theory sought to explain how enclosure turns land from commons into a fungible commodity to which labor and capital are applied across the planet. Through its analysis of the commodity frontier, world-ecology offers a way of thinking about land and the web of life of which it is part that complicates temporal, physical, and politico-legal understandings on which capital and labor operate. This chapter explores how world-ecology helps to deepen an understanding of land by posing questions about how land becomes recognized, and worked on, under capitalism. By drawing attention to the national-state and international complexes that attend the expansion of commodity frontiers, and to the dynamics of material and discursive change through such frontiers, this chapter shows how land itself becomes a site of production about which a richer series of questions might be asked.
Struggles over Land under Customary Tenure in Contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Peters Pauline E. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Most useable land in African countries is under customary forms of tenure, which today are facing considerable threat from the increasing appropriation of customary land by national and international agents, as well as from land policies and agricultural-development programs that push privatization. The typical basis of landholding across Sub-Saharan Africa was, and continues to be, through belonging to localized descent groups. Colonial “customary law” denied the status of property to customary landholdings by placing the land in trust of “native” or “traditional” authorities, a denial that continues in most countries today. Up through the 1990s, flawed land reforms, structural adjustment policies, indebtedness, economic downturn, and global trade imbalance all exacerbated the conflicts over land. The current century has seen these conditions worsen along with the financialized volatility of capital and a rush for land for production, investment, and speculation by national and international players. Repeated calls to increase the “security” of land rights produce legislation and policies that are overly focused on privatization and individual rights rather than on finding the means to legally recognize existing and long held “customary” land rights.
Conservation, Land Dispossession, and Resistance in Africa
Authors: Cavanagh Connor , Benjaminsen Tor A. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
While conservation organizations work to expand the network of protected areas in Africa to 30 percent or more of terrestrial land area, the flip side of such expansion is the mounting dispossession of rural land users, including subsistence-oriented farmers and pastoralists. This may result in forced migration to urban areas or elsewhere, but also to various forms of resistance: both covert and more overt instances of opposition to conservation. This chapter examines the risks and determinants of these variable constellations of overt resistance. In doing so, it assesses whether or to what extent recent developments in violent resistance, including the growth of jihadist groups, can be linked to the expansion of a top-down environmental conservation agenda. Drawing on case studies from throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, the chapter suggests that mainstream conservation interventions often underestimate the risks of local resistance to these initiatives. In a similar vein, ideology-focused explanations of violent extremism also tend to overlook the material determinants of violence and associated grievances rooted in the loss of access to land, natural resources, and customary forms of livelihood. Empirical studies of the latter factors—and particularly those which eschew single-factor determinism in favor of qualitative, multifactor explanation or contextualization—represent a promising new area for future research on resistance to conservation in political ecology, critical agrarian studies, and related fields.
Aligning Arts Research with Practitioner Needs
Authors: Iyengar Sunil 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
For much of the past half century, researchers at the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) have marshaled statistics about arts “supply and demand” in the United States—one thinks immediately of surveys tracking the public’s arts participation habits, or reports about the artist labor force or arts organizations and industries. A separate focus of NEA research has been to measure the “value and impact” of the arts for individuals and communities. Such studies often use experimental or quasi-experimental methods to understand the relationships between the arts and various outcomes of interest, such as in health, education, or community development. The COVID-19 pandemic’s toll on arts organizations and arts workers has revealed some limitations to this twofold approach. The United States currently lacks a national arts surveillance and reporting system, one with sufficient data streams (approximating real time) that reliably can inform the sector about the health and vitality of its component parts, especially during economic downturns. Also lacking is a national clearinghouse of evidence-based practices that can appeal directly to arts managers. Although the NEA is not in a position to satisfy both needs entirely, the agency’s development of a new strategic plan and research agenda has surfaced themes that will contribute to a far more practitioner-oriented set of research investments than the NEA has made in previous years.
Christian Mission and Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Colvin Gina , Dewerse Rosemary 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Indigenous peoples have suffered greatly, their worldviews and cultural practices almost destroyed by empire, justified by Christianity. This chapter speaks to Christian mission through the voice of Indigenous women and considers mission’s impact upon their systems of meaning-making. It privileges the decolonizing work of the Indigenous feminine speaking themselves out of even the subtlest forms of spiritual oppression by claiming sovereignty over their stories and worldviews. Applying an Indigenous feminist hermeneutic to the question of mission makes clear that God, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit, and indeed the biblical world continue to have profound resonance, and Indigenous woman an important place in the church’s story. The work of two Indigenous women, re-reading Scripture and re-framing theology is offered to demonstrate a unique missional insight brought by some of the most overlooked people in the church.
Hybrid Governance of State-owned Enterprises
Authors: Okhmatovskiy Ilya , Grosman Anna , Sun Pei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The governance of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) is hybrid in nature as it combines mechanisms of public administration, informal political interference, and standard corporate governance. While researchers often consider social enterprises as hybrid organizations and offer a favorable evaluation of these hybrid characteristics, the similar characteristics in SOEs are oftentimes viewed as their vulnerability. Prior discussions about SOE governance tend to focus on standard corporate governance mechanisms and treat the distinct SOE governance practices as “deviations” from these standard governance mechanisms. By considering SOE governance as hybrid, we bring attention to the existence of alternative governance mechanisms that the state can rely on, such as governance through performance contracts, intermediate ownership structures, and informal influence by politicians. We examine governance hybridity from a variety of theoretical perspectives used in prior research on SOE governance. We also discuss how hybrid governance arrangements in SOEs vary within and across countries. We conclude the chapter with directions for future research on the hybrid governance of SOEs.
Ethical Dimensions of Persuasive Technology
Authors: Williams James 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
This chapter explores the ethical dimensions of persuasive technology. It mentions persuasion as one of the most prevalent and consequential forms of interaction. The technological advancements of persuasion occurred in tandem with advances in the understanding of human psychology and decision-making. Since the ethics of persuasive technology intersects with many other areas of applied ethics, issues of persuasion may coexist with ethical issues that stem from the nature of technology. Generally, the ethical considerations that arise from a technology's persuasiveness per se concern questions of autonomy. The chapter notes the future of persuasive technology ethics that revolves around mitigating risks and enhancing the autonomy of persuasive technology.
How Lady Jane Grey May Have Used her Education
Authors: Richards Jennifer 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThat early modern education was segregated is a widely accepted truism. While boys attended school, girls remained at home to receive domestic and religious training. This paradigm overlooks exceptions: girls in whom the ambitions of their aristocratic families were invested. This chapter focuses on one such girl, Lady Jane Grey (1537–1554). It explores what we know of her education, contrasting the hesitant speaking voice created for her by Michael Drayton, with the one we hear in her prison writings. It compares Drayton’s Ovidian model for her speaking voice with the catechist role that she adopts in her prison writings. It also turns attention from the question of authorship to the act of attribution, arguing that even if the words we read were not spoken or written entirely by Grey herself, their attribution to her is meaningful—creating a different script for readers that is unusually direct, confrontational, and female.
The Self-Portrayal of Widows in the Early Modern English Courts of Law
Authors: Fikkers Lotte 
Published: December 2022

AbstractUpon becoming a widow, an early modern woman was often faced with patriarchal anxieties and stereotypes about her new status. This held particularly true for widows who embarked on legal proceedings. While rejecting certain stereotypes, other tropes could work to her advantage. This could mean that widows fashioned a different image of themselves at different times, or in different areas of their lives. The persona a widowed litigant chose to adopt was dictated by the kind of suit she brought. Other models were tied to specific circumstances. This, together with the nature of these legal records, forced widowed litigants to fashion themselves as a particular kind of widow, while life-writing demonstrates that they may have been all of the above at the same time. As such, never were they merely widows, but they were biblical widows, wives and/or femes soles.
‘Mistresses of Tongues’
Authors: Hosington Brenda M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractIn the 1673 pamphlet, An Essay to Revive the Ancient Education of Gentlewomen in Religion, Manner, Arts & Tongues, the phrase ‘mistresses of Tongues’ alludes to women’s linguistic abilities but also to the proverbial slur, ‘one tongue is enough for a Woman’. This chapter explores this binary concept of women and language in three areas: foreign language learning; translation; and the paratextual discourse accompanying female-authored translations. It also argues that anxieties concerning female speech surface in various ways in male-authored manuals, often circumscribing the female student in a domestic sphere. This chapter provides an overview of women’s translations in the years c 1500–1660. It concentrates on a few specific translators and the ways in which translation enabled connections with other language communities and cultures. Finally, it discusses how some women translators perceive their linguistic abilities and the importance of their translations as a tool for reaching beyond temporal and geographical borders.
Authorship, Attribution, and Voice in Early Modern Women’s Writing
Authors: Smith Rosalind 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter examines how questions of authorship, attribution, and voice have shaped the critical field of early modern women’s writing and continue to underwrite its investments, determining authors and texts that are studied, taught, and canonised. A consequence of the field’s emphasis on authors as embodied women has been its occlusion of texts of uncertain attribution that are linked indirectly or partially to historical women subjects through signature, voice, or prosopopoeia. This chapter examines how such problematic cases might be considered within studies of early modern women’s writing. In particular, it will address Stephen May’s recent case against the attribution of an early sonnet sequence to Anne Locke, arguing that May provides a telling example of the ways in which the investments in the embodied author continue to shape the field in ways counter to wider studies of early modern literature and revisions within early modern women’s writing itself.
Women’s Letters and Cryptological Coteries
Authors: Akkerman Nadine 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThis chapter analyses how women used both branches of cryptology: cryptography and steganography. Cryptography was not the prerogative of diplomats; before 1642, elite letter writers, male and female, employed cryptography socially, to create a sense of intimacy amongst a select circle of correspondents, one that encompassed a communal sense of privacy. A ciphered letter broadcasts its deceptive intent in the numbers or symbols staring blankly at the reader, whether they are the actual recipient or an interceptor. Letter writers were, in effect, compelled to try their hand at steganography, the creation of fictional discourses, to avoid detection. In illustrating another layer of ‘fiction in the archives’, this chapter casts letter writers as literary authors, showing cryptology to be a polysemous linguistic technique that women employed for many reasons, ranging from forming and maintaining fragile social networks across enemy lines and borders to ensuring secret communications remained just that: secret.
Networked Authorship in English Convents Abroad
Authors: Goodrich Jaime 
Published: December 2022

AbstractLucy Knatchbull (1584–1629) is an important figure in the history of seventeenth-century English Benedictine convents on the Continent. This chapter examines Knatchbull’s significance as an author by considering how an external network of priests and ecclesiastical officials preserved, circulated, and mediated her writings. While the corpus of Knatchbull’s extant work is comparatively small, it is also highly representative of textual production in convents of this period. Analysis of the material and intertextual aspects of this corpus reveals that cloistered authorship itself was a networked phenomenon. Serving as both a conduit and a mediator of Knatchbull’s writings, her circle offers an intriguing example of the way that cloistered authorship functioned as an extension of nuns’ social networks. By drawing attention to the network’s participation in constructing Knatchbull’s authorial roles, this chapter extends the ongoing critical conversation about nuns’ roles within familial, literary, patronage, and textual networks.
TheQuerelle des Femmes,the Overbury Scandal, and the Politics of the Swetnam Controversy in Early Modern England
Authors: Luckyj Christina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractOffering a fresh reading of the texts of the so-called ‘Swetnam controversy’ of 1615–1617, this chapter explores both the history of the querelle des femmes and the historical moment in the early seventeenth century that produced an explosion of querelle texts. The first respondent to answer Joseph Swetnam, Rachel Speght, echoes earlier defences representing the female voice as a model of resistance to monarchical abuse. Mingling serious religio-political critique with a playfulness that anticipates Ester Sowernam and Constantia Munda, Speght never refers explicitly to the Overbury affair but taps into the backlash against its misogynist scapegoating of women. The chapter argues that Sowernam and Munda share Speght’s religious and political allegiances, offering a searing anti-court critique in their turn. The Swetnam controversy texts exploit the gendered discourses surrounding contemporary court scandal to offer thinly veiled criticism of the monarch, building on a tradition of real and imagined women speaking truth to power.