bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of board characteristics on corporate social responsibility disclosures: evidence from state-owned enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Abang'a Albert Ochien'g , Tauringana Venancio 
Published: July 2023

PurposeTo investigate the impact of board characteristics (board gender diversity, board chair age, board subcommittees, board meetings, board skill, board size and board independence) on corporate social responsibility disclosures (CSRD) of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Kenya during the period 2015–2018.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed fixed-effects balanced panel data to examine the impact of board characteristics on CSRD. The analysis is repeated using two regression estimators (robust least square and random effects) and the four CSRD subcomponents to evaluate the robustness of the main analysis.FindingsThe results established that board gender diversity, board chair age and board subcommittees had significant negative effects on CSRD. The impact of the remaining board characteristics was found to be insignificant.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to the disclosures included in the annual reports, which means that information disclosed in other media, like websites, was not considered. The second limitation concerns mediating and moderator variables that were not considered.Practical implicationsThere is a need for a stricter corporate governance implementation mechanism, as opposed to the “comply or explain” principle, since results suggest that most of the board characteristics do not appear to be impactful. Additionally, the low level of reported CSRD calls for the establishment of Corporate Social Responsibility or related committees.Social implicationsThe evidence suggests that SOEs are reluctant to report on issues such as ethics, health and safety initiatives, environment and social investments.Originality/valueThe paper extends the literature on the impact of board characteristics on CSRD in unlisted non-commercial SOEs in a developing country context.
Military directors and audit fees
Authors: Harymawan Iman , Wardani Damara Ardelia Kusuma , Nowland John 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis study investigates the relationship between companies with military directors and audit fees in Indonesia.Design/methodology/approachUsing upper echelon and audit pricing theories, the authors examine military directors' roles in the demand for and supply of auditing services. The authors use Indonesia as their research setting as their military forces have a long history of involvement in business. The study sample includes 898 firm-year observations on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2014–2018.FindingsThe authors find a negative relationship between military connections and audit fees. This is consistent with auditors assessing lower audit risk and charging lower audit fees to companies that have leaders with military experience. The study findings are strongest where there is military experience on the board of directors and where the military experience is from the Army.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature on the benefits of military experience in company leadership, especially in the context of auditing research. The study findings also have implications for the selection of board candidates and auditor risk assessments.
The reasons for the gap between academic education and the required skills of the labor market in Iran
Authors: Nazarzadeh Zare Mohsen , Parvin Ehsan 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe present study aims to investigate the reasons for the gap between academic education and the required skills of the labor market in Iran.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, the authors adopted a thematic analysis method. The participants in the study were connoisseurs from universities and research institutes in Iran, who were selected with purposeful sampling methods of snowball type. To collect the data, the authors used a semi-structured interview and performed a thematic analysis for data analysis.FindingsThe findings showed that the views and perceptions of the connoisseurs participating in the study about the reasons for the gap between academic education and the skills required in the labor market in Iran can be classified into four main themes including lack of attention to labor market needs in the academic curricula, lack of attention to practical and entrepreneurial skills in the academic curricula, the weak link between universities and industry and society, and shortage of academic resources and equipment in some academic disciplines.Originality/valueThe present study had three implications. First, the human capital theory, the social closure theory, the positional conflict theory and the labor market segmentation theory are more compatible with the labor market of Iranian graduates, compared to other theories of the labor market. Second, the lack of coordination between academic education and the required skills in the labor market has weakened the Iranian economy. Third, the absence of practical and entrepreneurial skills in academic graduates has led to increased unemployment in Iranian society.
The impact of intellectual capital-enhancing HR practices and culture on innovativeness—mediating role of knowledge management processes
Authors: Trivedi Karishma , Srivastava Kailash B.L. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThe study examines the effect of human and social capital-supporting human resource (HR) practices and structural capital-supporting culture on innovativeness and the mediating role of knowledge management (KM) processes in the knowledge-intensive Indian IT sector.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quantitative approach, the authors collected data from 387 employees in 30 IT organizations via a questionnaire survey. The authors analyzed data using structural equational modeling using AMOS 26.FindingsThe results indicate complete mediation of KM processes between human capital-HR (HCHRP), social capital HR (SCHRP), bureaucratic culture (BOC) space and innovativeness. KM processes partially mediated the effect of innovative-competitive culture (IOC) on innovativeness. KM processes have a robust predictive capacity for innovativeness, suggesting that human capital-supporting HR and innovative-competitive culture significantly contribute to KM Processes and innovativeness, respectively.Practical implicationsThis study provides practical insights to HR and knowledge managers to leverage their HR practices and organizational culture for improving innovation performance in KISO.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the intellectual capital and KM literature by exploring the mediating role of the KM process in the underlying mechanism suggesting that intellectual capital can enhance HR and culture, leveraging a firm's knowledge resources for innovativeness. It fills a research gap by providing original evidence based on primary data collected from India's IT sector.
Self and shared leadership in decision quality: a tale of two sides
Authors: Cristofaro Matteo , Neck Christopher P. , Giardino Pier Luigi , Neck Christopher B. 
Published: July 2023

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationship between shared leadership (SL) and decision quality, utilizing shared leadership theory (SLT) and behavioral decision theory (BDT). The authors will explore the mediating role of “decision comprehensiveness” in the SL–decision quality linkage. Additionally, the authors will examine how individual “self-leadership” and “debate” among team members moderate the relationship between SL and decision comprehensiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the hypothesized moderated mediation model using a sample of 506 professionals employed in 112 research and development (R&D) teams, along with their direct managers from large Italian firms. To examine the relationships, the authors employed confirmatory factor analyses and path analyses. In order to address endogeneity concerns, the authors incorporated an instrumental variable, namely delegation, into the analysis.FindingsSL positively influences decision quality, mediated by decision comprehensiveness, where teams include comprehensive information in decision-making. The level of debate among team members positively moderates the SL–decision comprehensiveness relationship. High levels of self-leadership can harm SL by reducing decision comprehensiveness, indicating a downside. However, low or moderate levels of self-leadership do not harm decision comprehensiveness and can even benefit SL.Originality/valueThis is the first work to investigate the relationship between SL and decision quality, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying this association. By integrating SLT and BDT, the authors provide insights into how managers can make higher-quality decisions within self-leading teams. Moreover, this research makes a distinct contribution to the field of self-leadership by delineating its boundaries and identifying a potentially negative aspect within the self-influence process.
Incorporating metapopulation dynamics to inform invasive species management: Evaluating bighead and silver carp control strategies in the Illinois River
Authors: Kallis Jahn , Erickson Richard , Coulter David , Coulter Alison , Brey Marybeth , Catalano Matt , Dettmers John , Garvey James , Irons Kevin , Marschall Elizabeth , Rose Kenneth , Wildhaber Mark , Glover David 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Invasive species management can benefit from predictive models that incorporate spatially explicit demographics and dispersal to guide resource allocation decisions.

We used invasive bigheaded carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in the Illinois River, USA as a case study to create a spatially explicit model to evaluate the allocation of future management efforts. Specifically, we compared additional harvest (e.g. near the invasion front vs. source populations) and enhanced movement deterrents to meet the management goal of reducing abundance at the invasion front.

We found additional harvest in lower river pools (i.e. targeting source populations) more effectively limited population sizes upriver at the invasion front compared to allocating the same harvest levels near the invasion front. Likewise, decreasing passage (i.e. lock and dam structures) at the farthest, feasible downriver location limited invasion front population size more than placing movement deterrents farther upriver.

Synthesis and applications. Our work highlights the benefits of adopting a multipronged approach for invasive species management, combining suppression of source populations with disrupting movement between source and sink populations thereby producing compounding benefits for control. Our results also demonstrate the importance of considering metapopulation dynamics for invasive species control programs when achieving long‐term management goals.
Exploratory individuals are bolder in Great Tit: Correlation between personality and antipredator behavior
Authors: Bibi Nehafta , Gong Ye , Yu Jingping , Shah Waqar , Khan Khurshaid , Wang Haitao 
Published: July 2023

AbstractConsistent individual behavioral differences from other members of local populations are called animal personality, and a suite of these correlated behaviors generates a behavioral syndrome. Differential selection patterns among personality types can be largely influenced by predatory behavior. Prey has a large arsenal of antipredator behaviors at their disposal; However, how closely these behaviors are linked to personality is almost unknown. Using a social model species, the Great Tit, Parus major, we investigated whether antipredator behavior in response to predators is correlated with personality. First, we determined if individual differences in exploratory behavior were consistent across trials, that is, whether they were repeatable. Second, we looked into how antipredator behavior was correlated to personality. Individuals were subjected to two repeated trials of standard personality assays followed by an alternative control (Rock Pigeon, Columba livia domestica) and predator display (Eurasian Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus) treatment. We found that exploratory behavior was repeatable across trials and had a greater tendency for positive correlation with antipredator behavior when a predator model was displayed. Individuals that swiftly explored novel environments were slower to react to predators than those who explored the novel room slowly. As a result, our findings provide some of the first experimental evidence for a link between exploratory and antipredator behavior, suggesting that personality traits may impact individual fitness.
Delving the impact of adaptability and government support in small‐and medium‐sized enterprises business resilience: The mediating role of information technology capability
Authors: Choong Yuen Onn , Seow Ai Na , Low Mei Peng , Ismail Nur Hafizah , Choong Chee Keong , Seah Choon Sen 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe main aim of this study is two‐fold. First, we examine the combined effect of small‐and medium‐sized enterprises' (SMEs) adaptability, government support and information technology capability in business resilience. Second, we study the mediating effect of information technology capability on the proposed direct relationships. A total of 211 SMEs participated in this survey voluntarily. The proposed model and hypotheses were tested using variance‐based structural equation modelling. The findings disclosed that SMEs’ adaptability and information technology capability are positively related to business resilience. In terms of government support, it is not significantly related to SMEs’ business resilience, while a mediation result is uncovered between government support and business resilience. Additionally, the results revealed that information technology capability mediates the relationship between adaptability and business resilience. Based on the theoretical implications of the existing literature on the SMEs’ business resilience, this study also provides several useful managerial implications for business resilience enhancement.
Decoding hidden darknet networks: What we learned about the illicit fentanyl trade on AlphaBay
Authors: Maras Marie‐Helen , Logie Kenji , Arsovska Jana , Wandt Adam Scott , Barthuly Bryce 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe opioid epidemic, impacted from the proliferation of fentanyl, has added impetus to the need to detect fentanyl, sources of fentanyl, and places where fentanyl and drugs adulterated with fentanyl are available. Many darknet marketplaces (DNMs) have rules that ban fentanyl. However, it is unclear how these affect the fentanyl market. Using the AlphaBay DNM as a case study, we conducted mixed methods qualitative research. We scraped and analyzed data from the AlphaBay I2P website using, among other methods, content and social network analysis, to uncover hidden fentanyl networks. Our research highlights the next evolution of darknet marketplaces – the migration of DNMs from Tor to I2P and the methods that can be used identify fentanyl networks, irrespective of where sites are: I2P, Tor, or multihomed on I2P and Tor. Despite its ban in the Global AlphaBay Rules, our research revealed the sale of fentanyl on the AlphaBay DNM. Unlike previous studies, our findings predominantly revealed the covert sale of fentanyl on AlphaBay and predatory vendors selling illicit drugs, which unbeknownst to buyers, contained fentanyl. To a lesser extent, our findings identified the overt sale of fentanyl patches on AlphaBay. Although we examined only one DNM, the prevalence of the covert sale of fentanyl and the presence of predatory vendors underscores the importance of research that decodes the language of vendors who surreptitiously sell fentanyl or drugs adulterated with fentanyl or other illicit substances. The results of our research can inform strategies aimed at disrupting and dismantling DNM fentanyl networks.
Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy enables confirmatory detection of dyes on hair submerged in hypolimnion water for up to twelve weeks
Authors: Holman Aidan P. , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDifficulties in the localization of bodies of homicidal or drowning victims in natural water result in their submergence for weeks if not months. Water insects and microbes drastically change the body's appearance, which significantly changes the determination of a victim's identity. DNA analysis is commonly used for identifying the decedent; however, this PCR‐based approach is time‐consuming and destructive of the evidence. Considering that nearly half of the people in the world dye their hair with a variety of permanent and semi‐permanent dyes, one can expect that confirmatory identification of dyes on the body's hair can be used to shed light on the victim's identity. A growing body of evidence suggests that surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) can be used to detect and identify hair dyes. In this study, we investigated the extent to which SERS could be used to detect black and blue, permanent and semi‐permanent dyes on hair submerged in hypolimnion water for up to twelve weeks. We found that SERS enabled 100% accurate identification of analyzed dyes on hair submerged in hypolimnion water for up to 8 weeks, whereas, on average, 87% accurate identification of the hair dyes could be achieved on hair exposed for 10 weeks and 50% for hair exposed 12 weeks in hypolimnion water. We also found that the aqueous environment caused progressive fading of some dyes, whereas other dyes showed substantial spectral transformations after prolonged submergence. Finally, we found that changes in the intensity of vibrational bands of dyes could be used to predict the duration of submergence of colored hair in hypolimnion water.
New data‐driven method for estimation of net ecosystem carbon exchange at meteorological stations effectively increases the global carbon flux data
Authors: Zhang Wenqiang , Luo Geping , Yuan Xiuliang , Li Chaofan , Xie Mingjuan , Wang Yuangang , Ma Xiaofei , Shi Haiyang , Hamdi Rafiq , Hellwich Olaf , Ma Xiumei , Termonia Piet , De Maeyer Philippe 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

The eddy covariance (EC) flux stations have great limitations in the evaluation of the global net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) and in the uncertainty reduction due to their sparse and uneven distribution and spatial representation. If the EC stations are linked with widely distributed meteorological stations using machine learning (ML) and remote sensing, it will play a big role in effectively improving the accuracy of the global NEE assessment and reducing uncertainty.

In this study, we developed a framework for estimating NEE at meteorological stations. We first optimized the hyperparameters and input variables of the ML model based on the optimization method called an adaptive genetic algorithm. Then, we developed 566 random forest (RF)‐based NEE estimation models by the strategy of spatial leave‐out‐one cross‐validation. We innovatively established the Euclidean distance‐based accuracy projection algorithm of the R square (R2), which could test the accuracy of each model to estimate the NEE of the specific flux at the weather station. Only the model with the highest R2 was selected from the models with a prediction accuracy of R2 > 0.5 for the specific meteorological stations to estimate its NEE.

4674 out of 10,289 weather stations around the world might match at least one of the 566 NEE estimation models with a projected accuracy of R2 > 0.5. The NEE estimation models we screened for the meteorological stations showed a reliable performance and a higher accuracy than the former studies. The NEE values of the most (96.9%) screened meteorological stations around the world are negative (carbon sink) and most (65.3%) of those showed an increasing trend in the mean annual NEE (carbon sink).

The NEE dataset produced at the meteorological stations could be used as a supplement to the EC observations and quasi‐observation data to assess the NEE products of the global grid. The NEE dataset is publicly available via the figshare with https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20485563.v1.
Who benefits from brief motivational intervention among young adults presenting to the emergency department with alcohol intoxication: A latent‐class moderation analysis
Authors: Gaume Jacques , Blanc Stéphanie , Magill Molly , McCambridge Jim , Bertholet Nicolas , Hugli Olivier , Daeppen Jean‐Bernard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundResearch has not identified which patients optimally benefit from brief Motivational Interviewing (bMI) for heavy drinking when delivered to young adults in the Emergency Department (ED).MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial in which 344 young adults (18–35 years) presenting to the ED with alcohol intoxication received either bMI or Brief Advice (BA, control group). We used Latent Class Analysis to derive participants' profiles from baseline characteristics (i.e., sex, age, severity of alcohol use disorder, attribution of ED admission to alcohol use, importance, and confidence to change, cognitive discrepancy, anxiety, depression, and trait reactance). We then conducted a moderation analysis to assess the number of heavy drinking days at short‐term (1‐month) and long‐term (12‐month) follow‐up using negative binomial regressions with interactions between the intervention and derived classes.ResultsFit statistics indicated that a 4‐class solution best fit the data. Class 3 (high severity, importance and discrepancy, and low confidence and anxiety) benefitted more from bMI than BA at short‐ and long‐term follow‐up than Class 1 (younger; lowest severity, importance, discrepancy, reactance, anxiety and depression, and highest confidence). Class 2 (older; highest severity, importance, discrepancy, reactance, anxiety and depression, and lowest confidence) also benefitted more from bMI than BA than did Class 1 at short‐term follow‐up. In these significant contrasts, Class 1 benefitted more from BA than bMI. There were no significant interactions involving Class 4 (more likely to be women; low severity; high levels of anxiety, depression, and reactance).ConclusionsThis study identified the patient profiles that benefitted more from bMI than BA among nontreatment‐seeking young adults who present intoxicated to the ED. The findings have implications for intervention design and argue for the importance of research aimed at developing intervention content tailored to patient profiles.
Approaches to vital pulp therapies
Authors: Ballikaya Elif , Çelebi‐Saltik Betül 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTooth decay, which leads to pulpal inflammation due to the pulp’s response to bacterial components and byproducts is the most common infectious disease. The main goals of clinical management are to eliminate sources of infection, to facilitate healing by regulating inflammation indental tissue, and to replace lost tissues. A variety of novel approaches from tissue engineering based on stem cells, bioactive molecules, and extracellular matrix‐like scaffold structures to therapeutic applications, or a combination of all these are present in the literature. Shortcomings of existing conventional materials for pulp capping and the novel approches aiming to preserve pulp vitality highligted the need for developing new targeted dental materials. This review looks at the novel approches for vital pulp treatments after briefly addresing the conventional vital pulp treatment as well as the regenerative and self defense capabilities of the pulp. A narrative review focusing on the current and future approaches for pulp preservation was performed after surveying the relevant papers on vital pulp therapies including pulp capping, pulpotomy, and potential approaches for facilitating dentin‐pulp complex regeneration in PubMed, Medline, and Scopus databases.