bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding Salience: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Investigation of Reward and Contextual Unexpectedness in Memory Encoding and Retrieval
Authors: Yi Yeo‐Jin , Kreißl Michael C. , Speck Oliver , Düzel Emrah , Hämmerer Dorothea 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the neuromodulatory substrates of salience processing and its impact on memory encoding and behaviour, with a specific focus on two distinct types of salience: reward and contextual unexpectedness. 46 Participants performed a novel task paradigm modulating these two aspects independently and allowing for investigating their distinct and interactive effects on memory encoding while undergoing high‐resolution fMRI. By using advanced image processing techniques tailored to examine midbrain and brainstem nuclei with high precision, our study additionally aimed to elucidate differential activation patterns in subcortical nuclei in response to reward‐associated and contextually unexpected stimuli, including distinct pathways involving in particular dopaminergic modulation. We observed a differential involvement of the ventral striatum, substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus, as well as a functional specialisation within the subregions of the cingulate cortex for the two salience types. Moreover, distinct subregions within the SN in processing salience could be identified. Dorsal areas preferentially processed salience related to stimulus processing (of both reward and contextual unexpectedness), and ventral areas were involved in salience‐related memory encoding (for contextual unexpectedness only). These functional specialisations within SN are in line with different projection patterns of dorsal and ventral SN to brain areas supporting attention and memory, respectively. By disentangling stimulus processing and memory encoding related to two salience types, we hope to further consolidate our understanding of neuromodulatory structures' differential as well as interactive roles in modulating behavioural responses to salient events.
On Being Absorbed: Taking up Dialogic Pedagogy in University Diversity Plans
Authors: Hicks Stephanie D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhat are we to make of the proliferation of Intergroup Dialogue (IGD) programs for social justice education on college campuses? Though the inception of IGD predates many institutions’ diversity plans, increasingly colleges and universities are citing their existing IGD programs in their present‐day plans, as IGDs effectiveness has been well documented. By focusing on the development and implementation of a dialogue‐based education program at an urban, public research university, this study investigated whether IGD had been incorporated into the university in a way that abated students’ critical stances and activism, or whether it challenged power.
The role of the health sector in responding to energy hardship: An Australian perspective
Authors: Hunter Nicholas J. R. , Lewis Virginia 
Published: January 2025

AbstractEnergy hardship is increasingly recognised as a significant determinant of health, with evidence linking it to numerous negative health and wellbeing outcomes. The association between energy hardship and public health raises questions about what roles the health sector can or should play in addressing the issue. While there are limited examples in the literature, the role of health sectors to date has been predominantly as an intermediary connecting eligible individuals to energy hardship interventions, such as financial counselling and household upgrades to improve energy efficiency. Australia's response to energy hardship is likely to be strengthened by stronger and more strategic engagement of the health sector as part of coordinated cross‐sectoral action.
Mimicking Nature: Effect of Architectural Design Inspired by Cancellous Bone on the Biological Response of hMSC Cultured on Titanium Scaffolds Fabricated by Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Idaszek Joanna , Heljak Marcin , Szlązak Karol , Jankowski Krzysztof , Chmielewska‐Wysocka Agnieszka , Wysocki Bartłomiej , Skalski Konstanty , Święszkowski Wojciech 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBone tissue regeneration can be affected by various architectonical features of 3D porous scaffold, for example, pore size and shape, strut size, curvature, or porosity. However, the design of additively manufactured structures studied so far was based on uniform geometrical figures and unit cell structures, which often do not resemble the natural architecture of cancellous bone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of architectonical features of additively manufactured (aka 3D printed) titanium scaffolds designed based on microtomographic scans of fragments of human femurs of individuals of different ages on in vitro response of human bone‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Four different types of titanium scaffold (33Y, 48Y, 56Y, and 63Y, where the number indicates the age of the individual) were fabricated using laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF‐LB) and characterized with respect to the dimensional features, permeability, and stiffness. hMSC were seeded onto the scaffolds and MTS, DNA, alkaline phosphatase, and alizarin red assays were used to study cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Microcomputed tomography revealed that the largest average pore size was in scaffolds 63Y (543 ± 200 μm), which was nearly twice as large as the smallest pores in scaffolds 56Y. Moreover, scaffolds 63Y exhibited the highest porosity (~61%), while the other architectures had porosity of ~43%–44%. Scaffolds 63Y also had the lowest surface area‐to‐volume ratio (11.07 ± 0.05 mm−1), whereas scaffolds 56Y had the highest (14.80 ± 0.06 mm−1). Furthermore, scaffolds 33Y had the largest strut size (398 ± 124 μm), exceeding the size in scaffolds 56Y (the smallest strut size) by over 1.5 times. CFD simulations indicated that the hydraulic permeability was the highest for scaffolds 63Y (5.24 × 10−9 m2; order of magnitude higher than in the other architectures). Stiffness of the investigated scaffolds, determined by finite element modeling, ranged from ~29 GPa (63Y) to ~60 GPa (56Y). This study demonstrates that the highest manufacturing accuracy in 3D printed structures based on architectural designs inspired by cancellous bone could be achieved when the structures were characterized by moderate strut sizes, the largest pores, and the highest porosity and permeability. The scaffold with the highest porosity and permeability (i.e., 63Y) yielded the lowest cell retention. Regarding the osteogenic differentiation, a correlation was found between the mineralization of the deposited extracellular matrix and the hydraulic permeability, pore size, and surface area‐to‐volume ratio but not the porosity.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate in Pediatric Acute Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: Rower Joseph E. , Johnson Michael D. , Zorc Joseph J. , Shihabuddin Bashar , Dai Mengtao , Barney Bradley J. , Finkelstein Yaron 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPediatric asthma exacerbations represent a significant cause of emergency department use and hospitalizations. Despite available treatment options, many children's exacerbations are refractory to standard therapies and require adjunct treatments. The Intravenous Magnesium: Prompt use for Asthma in Children Treated in the Emergency Department study investigated the pharmacology of intravenous magnesium sulfate (IVMg) in treating pediatric asthma exacerbations. Specifically, the objectives of the study included (1) externally validating a previously published population pharmacokinetic model and (2) linking serum magnesium concentrations with outcomes including asthma severity score (efficacy) and hypotension (safety). Data were obtained from 49 children prospectively treated with IVMg (placebo, 50 or 75 mg/kg) after presenting to the pediatric emergency department with an acute asthma exacerbation. Reductions in Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure scores were associated with both total and ionized serum magnesium area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–2 h). Despite frequent study‐specific blood pressure monitoring, hypotension was uncommon in IVMg‐treated participants (n = 2/31), and no concentration dependence was observed. The findings signal that IVMg may be an efficacious and safe option for treating moderate–severe pediatric acute asthma exacerbations in the ED. Importantly, this study is the first to suggest a serum exposure target (total serum magnesium AUC0–2 h >63.1 mg h/L) reflective of effective IVMg dosing in pediatric acute asthma. While further study in a larger clinical trial is needed to refine and validate this exposure target, these findings support the continued study of IVMg therapy as an adjunct therapeutic option in the setting of pediatric asthma exacerbations.
The association of donor and recipient sex on sepsis rates and hemoglobin increment among critically ill patients receiving red cell transfusions in a retrospective study
Authors: Li Wenhui , Liu Yang , Lucier Kayla J. , Heddle Nancy M. , Acker Jason P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundExisting research presents conflicting results on the influence of blood donor sex on hemoglobin (Hb) change and transfusion‐associated infection and mortality in transfusion recipients.AimThis retrospective study explored the association between donor and recipient sex on hospital‐onset sepsis (HO‐sepsis) and Hb changes in critically ill patients receiving red blood cell (RBC) transfusions.MethodsData from 2010–2020 were extracted from an academic hospital's clinical database and a blood supplier's donor database. HO‐sepsis was determined based on the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD‐10) diagnostic codes without requiring a microbiology test within the first 48 h of admission. Hb increments were determined by comparing the last Hb result in the 24‐h period prior to RBC unit issue and the first Hb result within 4–24 h after RBC unit issued for transfusion.Results25,585 critically ill patients received one or more RBC transfusions; 3,410 were included in the HO‐sepsis and 3,487 in the Hb increment analysis. There was no significant differences in the HO‐sepsis rate among the four groups, but female recipients were more prone to HO‐sepsis than males (OR 1.48, p = 0.04). Multivariate analysis found that the number of RBC unit transfused (p = 0.001) and recipient age (p = 0.03), but not recipient sex (p = 0.63), were significant contributors to HO‐sepsis. Male blood was associated with higher Hb than female blood in female recipients (p = 0.007), but not in male recipients (p = 0.75). Variables such as donor Hb levels and recipient Hb level influenced Hb increments.ConclusionBlood donor sex was not associated with HO‐sepsis in critically ill patients receiving RBC transfusion. Male to female transfusions were associated with a higher Hb increment in recipients. Further exploration of the impact of sex mis‐matched transfusion on recipient outcomes is warranted.
Ultra‐Wide Stopband Bandpass Filter Using Second‐Order M‐Type Circuit Based on Glass‐Based IPD Technology
Authors: Wang Jianye , Cao Yazi , Wu Wei , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAn ultra‐wide stopband bandpass filter (BPF) using second‐order M‐type circuit is proposed by virtue of glass‐based integrated passive device (IPD) technology. The second‐order M‐type circuit is composed of two first‐order M‐type circuits in series. The first‐order M‐type circuit consists of a low‐pass filter (LPF) and a high‐pass filter (HPF), each of which can generate one transmission zero. The second‐order M‐type circuit can generate two transmission zeros in the low frequency band and another two transmission zeros in the high frequency band, which can achieve high rejection in the upper ultra‐wide stopband. The proposed BPF covering 3.3–4.2 GHz is fabricated with a compact size of 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 0.3 mm on glass‐based IPD technology. According to the measurements, the fabricated BPF can achieve a minimum in‐band insertion loss less than 1.4 dB, a return loss better than 15.6 dB, and more than 20 dB ultra‐wide stopband rejection from 5.81 to 43.5 GHz. Compared to the previous designs, the proposed BPF shows the superior advantages of compact size and ultra‐wide stopband.
Mechanisms of Autophagy in Ineffective Reperfusion After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bai Shangying , Ding Yuchuan , Simo Leticia , Li Fengwu , Geng Xiaokun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTDespite significant advancements in achieving high recanalization rates (80%–90%) for large vessel occlusions through mechanical thrombectomy, the issue of “futile recanalization” remains a major clinical challenge. Futile recanalization occurs when over half of patients fail to experience expected symptom improvement after vessel recanalization, often resulting in severe functional impairment or death. Traditionally, this phenomenon has been attributed to inadequate blood flow and reperfusion injury. More recently, ongoing neuronal death after reperfusion, which leads to the progression of the ischemic penumbra into the core infarct, has been termed “futile reperfusion.” This review explores the complex role of autophagy mechanisms in futile reperfusion following ischemic stroke, with a focus on its relationship to neuronal survival. We also examine the regulation of autophagic activity by epigenetic mechanisms. By investigating autophagy's role in ischemic stroke, we aim to identify novel pathways for precision treatment.
Absorption of 15N Enriched Ammonia by Winter Wheat at Different Growth Stages
Authors: Frößl Jonas , Ruser Reiner , Müller Torsten 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoss of gaseous reactive nitrogen in the form of aerosols may impact human health, and its deposition leads to eutrophication and acidification of natural ecosystems. In order to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions, which are a main pathway of nitrogen loss to the environment, accurate monitoring and understanding of the factors involved is required.AimsAs information on the absorption of NH3 by wheat plants in central Europe is scarce, we conducted a field experiment to quantify NH3 absorption by a winter wheat canopy in May and June with each two emission scenarios (5 and 12 kg NH3‐N ha−1).MethodsTo induce NH3 emissions, a 15N enriched ammonium sulfate solution (pH 9) was applied in trays between the wheat rows.ResultsAbsorption of the volatilized NH3 of the aboveground plant biomass ranged between 23 and 181 mg NH3‐N m−2 (corresponding to 14.8% and 20.0% of the emitted NH3) and was significantly higher during the first sampling in May, when compared to the second sampling in June. A higher emission led to a higher absolute amount absorbed.ConclusionsThe results indicate that wheat will indeed absorb significant amounts of NH3 emitted at ground level. They will be useful for further improving NH3 emission factors and the understanding of the NH3 emission pathway.
Enhancing Clinical Insights: New Radiographic Grading for Lumbar Facet Joint Degeneration, A Reliability Study
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Zhu Zhenyu , He Shouyu , Sun Mingjian , Zhao Tianyi , Liu Lei , Shi Haoyang , Hou Yang , Shi Guodong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLumbar facet joint diseases can often lead to reduced work efficiency and increased medical costs. As a primary imaging tool in orthopedics, X‐rays offer numerous advantages. However, there is no consensus on the classification of lumbar facet joints based on X‐ray imaging.MethodsThis study was conducted for 356 patients between November 2017 and September 2023. A senior radiologist and a senior orthopedic surgeon discussed and established a grading system for lumbar facet joints based on both X‐ray and MRI findings. Two double‐blind attending spinal surgeons were asked to evaluate and grade the included cases. The intra‐rater reliability and inter‐rater reliability were evaluated by assessing the weighted kappa (κw) coefficient.ResultsThe level of inter‐rater reliability of MRI for complete agreement was good for Doctor A (κw = 0.792) and Doctor B (κw = 0.869). The inter‐rater reliability coefficient for grading lumbar facet joint degeneration based on the radiograph was as follows: for Doctor A (κw = 0.702, session 1; κw = 0.847, session 2) and Doctor B (κw = 0.714, session 1; κw = 0.828, session 2). Moreover, the level of intra‐rater reliability based on X‐ray for complete agreement was excellent for Doctor A (κw = 0.843) and Doctor B (κw = 0.836).ConclusionWe propose a new grading system for lumbar facet joint degeneration based on X‐rays, which serves as a supplement to the Weishaupt and Pathria classifications. This grading system aims to provide clinicians with a more comprehensive understanding of lumbar facet joint degeneration, allowing for the use of a broader range of diagnostic tools to evaluate facet joint degeneration from multiple perspectives. We believe that this grading system can be valuable in assessing potential anatomical changes related to the facet joint, thereby informing modifications to surgical techniques and procedural steps.
Rhinorrhea Recurrence After Posterior Nasal Nerve Cryoablation: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Craig John R. , Mack Curtis , Vidovich Aleks , Wilson Carl , Nguyen Theodore V. , Kuan Edward C. 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPosterior nasal nerve (PNN) cryoablation improves chronic rhinitis (CR) symptoms in 70–80% of cases, including clear thin rhinorrhea (CTR). This study's purpose was to determine time to and degree of CTR recurrence following cryoablation.MethodsA multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who underwent PNN cryoablation to treat CR‐related CTR refractory to ipratropium bromide nasal spray (IBNS). Cryoablation was applied along middle meatal posterolateral walls. Demographic and clinical data were collected at clinic visits or by phone surveys. Patients were followed for either 12 months minimum, or until CTR recurrence. Primary outcome measures were time to and degree of CTR improvement and recurrence based on patient‐reported runny nose scores (Likert scale, 0–5). Additionally, patients were asked whether their recurrent CTR was bothersome enough to require treatment, and their preference for subsequent treatments.ResultsOf 74 CR patients, mean age was 58 years, and 53% were female. Regarding CR subtypes, 74% were nonallergic, 22% mixed, and 4% allergic. Additionally, 78% were IBNS responders. Overall, 62 of 74 (84%) initially improved. Of 60 patients with adequate follow‐up for recurrence (mean 31.6 months), 57 (95%) recurred to some degree at a mean 5 months post‐treatment. Of those who recurred, 37 (65%) recurred completely to preoperative RNSs, and 11 (19%) achieved 20–25% RNS reduction. Almost 90% of those with recurrent CTR were bothered enough to desire further treatment.ConclusionPNN cryoablation led to CTR improvement in 84% of CR patients, with nearly 90% of patients developing bothersome recurrent CTR by about 5 months post‐treatment.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 2025
Food Productivity, Green Energy and Land Resources: A Critical Perspective of the BRICS Economic Food Production Industry
Authors: Yuan Zelin , Li Juan , Feng Zehua , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTFood security and productivity is an essential part of sustainable development and goals which needs high attention because of the severity of climate risk and change. Therefore, we evaluated the food production index in BRICS economies through its leading determinants where the direct studies are missing in the literature. To address this gap, this research delves into the interplay between total natural resources (TNRNTS), economic growth (GDP), and the food production index (FPINDX) within the BRICS economies spanning from 1990 to 2022. This research also considers the significant impact of renewable energy (REC), research and development (RDEVP), and technological innovation (TI). This research employs a range of panel data techniques, encompassing first‐generation panel unit root tests. Both Kao residual and Johansen cointegration tests are employed to examine long‐run cointegration. The primary approach hinges on the utilization of panel ARDL. To ensure the robustness of the findings, FMOLS and quantile regression tests, encompassing both linear and nonlinear variations, are conducted. To investigate causality, the pairwise Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test is applied. The results reveal that the variables exhibit stationarity at the first difference, while a long‐run equilibrium relationship is observed among them. The empirical outcomes suggest that GDP, TNRNTS, and TI positively and significantly influence FPINDX, while REC and RDEVP reduce FPINDX in the short and long run. Robustness protocols provide similar and comparable outcomes to the main methods, while causal linkage reveals that TI has a bidirectional linkage with FPINDX, while the remaining variables have a unidirectional connection with FPINDX. Despite resource shortages, the role of cleaner technologies has a lower or negative influence on FPINDX. Policymakers should promote investments and innovations in renewable energy to enhance energy efficiency and productivity, reduce reliance on fossil fuels in the agricultural sector and increase the productivity of FPINDX.
The effect of unilateral endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy on swallowing in cases of bilateral vocal fold palsy
Authors: Ambrus Andrea , Rovó László , Bach Ádám 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectiveEndoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL) is a minimally invasive surgical technique for the immediate management of bilateral vocal fold palsy (BVFP). Specifically, it achieves a stable and adequate airway by lateralizing the arytenoid cartilage without resecting laryngeal structures. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of EAAL on swallowing in cases of BVFP.MethodsThe participants consisted of 17 adult patients (15 female, 2 male) who underwent unilateral EAAL for BVFP. Swallowing function was evaluated by using the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) on the 6th postoperative day and in the 6th postoperative month. The results were assessed by using the pharyngeal residue severity scale (PRSS) and the modified penetration‐aspiration scale (mPAS). Additionally, the M.D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) questionnaire was self‐administered during the 6th postoperative month.ResultsOverall, 16 of the 17 patients demonstrated normal swallowing function during the early and late postoperative periods. Moreover, one patient experienced mild fluid aspiration early on, but initially managed it with dietary adjustments and eventually resolved it with a head flexion compensatory maneuver. There was no significant deterioration in swallowing‐related quality of life according to the MDADI assessments.ConclusionBased on this evaluation of unilateral EAAL, our results confirmed that this procedure is not only a reliable solution for BVFP from the perspective of respiratory function and phonation but also in terms of swallowing quality.Level of Evidence4.