bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil erosion modelling of burned and mulched soils following a Mediterranean forest wildfire
Authors: Gonzalez‐Romero Javier , Zema Demetrio Antonio , Carrà Bruno Gianmarco , Neris Jonay , Fajardo Alvaro , Plaza‐Álvarez Pedro Antonio , Moya Daniel , Peña‐Molina Esther , de las Heras Jorge , Lucas‐Borja Manuel Esteban 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSoil erosion modelling applied to burned forests in different global regions can be unreliable because of a lack of verification data. Here, we evaluated the following three erosion models: (1) Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), (2) Morgan‐Morgan‐Finney (MMF) and (3) Universal Soil Loss Equation‐Modified (USLE‐M). Using field plots that were either untreated or mulched with straw, this study involved observations of soil loss at the event scale at a burned pine forest in Central Eastern Spain. The erosion predictions of the three models were analysed for goodness‐of‐fit. Optimization of the MMF model with a new procedure to estimate the C‐factor resulted in a satisfactory erosion prediction capacity in burned plots with or without the mulching treatment. The WEPP model underestimated erosion in the unburned areas and largely overestimated the soil loss in burned areas. The accuracy of soil loss estimation by the USLE‐M model was also poor. Calibration of the curve numbers and C‐factors did not improve the USLE‐M model estimation. Therefore, we conclude that an optimized MMF model was the most accurate way to estimate soil loss and recommend this approach for in Mediterranean burned forests with or without postfire mulching. This study gives land managers insight about the choice of the most suitable model for erosion predictions in burned forests.
Assassination tango: an NLR/NLR‐ID immune receptors pair of rapeseed co‐operates inside the nucleus to activate cell death
Authors: Mermigka Glykeria , Michalopoulou Vassiliki A. , Amartolou Argyro , Mentzelopoulou Andriani , Astropekaki Niki , Sarris Panagiotis F. 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYPlant immunity largely relies on intracellular nucleotide‐binding domain leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. Some plant NLRs carry integrated domains (IDs) that mimic authentic pathogen effector targets. We report here the identification of a genetically linked NLR‐ID/NLR pair: BnRPR1 and BnRPR2 in Brassica napus. The NLR‐ID carries two ID fusions and the mode of action of the pair conforms to the proposed “integrated sensor/decoy” model. The two NLRs interact and the heterocomplex localizes in the plant‐cell nucleus and nucleolus. However, the BnRPRs pair does not operate through a negative regulation as it was previously reported for other NLR‐IDs. Cell death is induced only upon co‐expression of the two proteins and is dependent on the helper genes, EDS1 and NRG1. The nuclear localization of both proteins seems to be essential for cell death activation, while the IDs of BnRPR1 are dispensable for this purpose. In summary, we describe a new pair of NLR‐IDs with interesting features in relation to its regulation and the cell death activation.
The indecomposable objects in the center of Deligne's category Re̲pSt$\protect\underline{{\rm Re}}\!\operatorname{p}S_t$
Authors: Flake Johannes , Harman Nate , Laugwitz Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe classify the indecomposable objects in the monoidal center of Deligne's interpolation category by viewing as a model‐theoretic limit in rank and characteristic. We further prove that the center of is semisimple if and only if is not a non‐negative integer. In addition, we identify the associated graded Grothendieck ring of this monoidal center with that of the graded sum of the centers of representation categories of finite symmetric groups with an induction product. We prove analogous statements for the abelian envelope.
There and back again: 50 years of wandering through terra incognita fusorum
Authors: Banks Robert W. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper is in two parts: ‘There’, which is a review of some of the major advances in the study of spindle structure and function during the past 50 years, serving as an introduction to the symposium entitled ‘Mechanotransduction, Muscle Spindles and Proprioception’ held in Munich in July 2022; and ‘And Back Again’, presenting new quantitative morphological results on the equatorial nuclei of intrafusal muscle fibres and of the primary sensory ending in relationship to passive stretch of the spindle.
Lateral Buckling of an Elastic Pipe on a Frictional Seabed
Authors: Peek Ralf 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Pipelines tend to buckle laterally under thermal expansion. In existing analytical solutions by Kerr and Hobbs, it is assumed that the seabed resistance q0 to lateral pipe movements is constant in magnitude and opposite in direction to the total displacement. Here, it is opposite to the velocity instead, i.e., the seabed is taken to be frictional rather than nonlinear elastic with a V-shaped potential function. A three-lobe (“mode 3f”) analytical solution is provided for the frictional case, using the same approximate end-of-buckle condition v = v′ = v″ = 0 used by Hobbs in his “mode 3” solution for the nonlinear elastic case. For both modes 3 and 3f solutions, the shape of the buckle does not change as it grows with increasing thermal expansion, though the scaling factors in the axial and lateral directions are different, i.e., the solutions are self-similar. A single finite element solution for the frictional case with an initial imperfection imposed by a bumper can be scaled to cover all such cases. It shows that the shape of the buckle depends on the amplitude of the initial triggering imperfection and is close to the mode 3f solution for very small initial imperfections. The difference between modes 3 and 3f is significant in regard to buckle shape and the relative size of the buckle lobes, but small in regard to the maximum bending moment for a given amount of thermal expansion accommodated by the buckle.
Non-Surgical Carpal Arch Space Augmentation for Median Nerve Decompression
Authors: Li Zong-Ming 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The carpal tunnel is a tightly bounded space, making the median nerve prone to compression and eventually leading to carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel release surgery transects the transverse carpal ligament to expand the tunnel arch space, decompress the median nerve, and relieve the associated symptoms. However, the surgical procedure unavoidably disrupts essential anatomical, biomechanical and physiological functions of the wrist, potentially causing reduced grip strength, pillar pain, carpal bone instability, scar tissue formation, and perineural fibrosis. It is desirable to decompress the median nerve without surgically transecting the transverse carpal ligament. This paper is to review several approaches we have developed for nonsurgical carpal arch space augmentation (CASA), namely, radio ulnar wrist compression, muscle-ligament interaction, palmar pulling, and collagenolysis of the transverse carpal ligament. Briefly summarized is the research work on the CASA topic about theoretical considerations, in vitro and in situ experiment, computational modeling, and human subject studies with asymptomatic and carpal tunnel syndrome hands.
Joint Coordinate System Using Functional Axes Achieves Clinically Meaningful Kinematics of the Tibiofemoral Joint as Compared to the International Society of Biomechanics Recommendation
Authors: Pourtabib Joe , Hull M. L. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Quantification of clinically meaningful tibiofemoral motions requires a joint coordinate system (JCS) with motions free from kinematic crosstalk errors. The objectives were to use a JCS with literature-backed functional axes (FUNC) and a JCS recommended by the International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) to determine tibiofemoral kinematics of the native (i.e., healthy) knee, determine variability associated with each JCS, and determine whether the FUNC JCS significantly reduced kinematic crosstalk errors compared to the ISB JCS. Based on a kinematic model consisting of a three-cylindric joint chain, the FUNC JCS included functional flexion–extension (F–E) and internal-external (I–E) tibial rotation axes. In contrast, the ISB JCS included F–E and I–E axes defined using anatomic landmarks. Single-plane fluoroscopic images in 13 subjects performing a weighted deep knee bend were analyzed. Tibiofemoral kinematics using the FUNC JCS fell within the physiological range of motion in all six degrees-of-freedom. Internal tibial rotation averaged 13 deg for the FUNC JCS versus 10 deg for the ISB JCS and motions in the other four degrees-of-freedom (collectively termed off-axis motions) were minimal as expected based on biomechanical constraints. Off-axis motions for the ISB JCS were significantly greater; maximum valgus rotation was 4 deg and maximum anterior and distraction translations were 9 mm and 25 mm, respectively, which is not physiologic. Variabilities in off-axis motions were significantly greater with the ISB JCS (p &lt; 0.0002). The FUNC JCS achieved clinically meaningful kinematics by significantly reducing kinematic crosstalk errors and is the more suitable coordinate system for quantifying tibiofemoral motions.
Impact of rapid near-patient STI testing on service delivery outcomes in an integrated sexual health service in the United Kingdom: a controlled interrupted time series study
Authors: Walter Scott R , Jackson Joni , Myring Gareth , Redaniel Maria Theresa , Margelyte Ruta , Gardiner Rebecca , Clarke Michael D , Crofts Megan , McLeod Hugh , Hollingworth William , Phillips David , Muir Peter , Steer Jonathan , Turner Jonathan , Horner Paddy J , De Vocht Frank 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of a new clinic-based rapid sexually transmitted infection testing, diagnosis and treatment service on healthcare delivery and resource needs in an integrated sexual health service.DesignControlled interrupted time series study.SettingTwo integrated sexual health services (SHS) in UK: Unity Sexual Health in Bristol, UK (intervention site) and Croydon Sexual Health in London (control site).ParticipantsElectronic patient records for all 58 418 attendances during the period 1 year before and 1 year after the intervention.InterventionIntroduction of an in-clinic rapid testing system for gonorrhoea and chlamydia in combination with revised treatment pathways.Outcome measuresTime-to-test notification, staff capacity, cost per episode of care and overall service costs. We also assessed rates of gonorrhoea culture swabs, follow-up attendances and examinations.ResultsTime-to-notification and the rate of gonorrhoea swabs significantly decreased following implementation of the new system. There was no evidence of change in follow-up visits or examination rates for patients seen in clinic related to the new system. Staff capacity in clinics appeared to be maintained across the study period. Overall, the number of episodes per week was unchanged in the intervention site, and the mean cost per episode decreased by 7.5% (95% CI 5.7% to 9.3%).ConclusionsThe clear improvement in time-to-notification, while maintaining activity at a lower overall cost, suggests that the implementation of clinic-based testing had the intended impact, which bolsters the case for more widespread rollout in sexual health services.
Effects of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health First Aid training programme for non-suicidal self-injury on stigmatising attitudes, confidence in ability to assist, and intended and actual assisting actions: an uncontrolled trial with precourse and postcourse measurement and 6-month follow-up
Authors: Armstrong Gregory , Sutherland Georgina , Pross Eliza , Mackinnon Andrew , Reavley Nicola , Jorm Anthony 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a complex issue affecting Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia. We evaluated the effects of an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Mental Health First Aid (AMHFA) training course on assisting an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person engaging in NSSI, including the effects on stigmatising attitudes, confidence in ability to assist, and intended and actual assisting actions.DesignUncontrolled trial with precourse and postcourse measurement (n=49) and 6-month follow-up (n=17).SettingParticipants attended courses that were run in Queensland and Victorian communities and through one national organisation.ParticipantsParticipants were 49 adults who worked directly with Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Peoples.InterventionThe 5-hour ‘Talking About Non-Suicidal Self-Injury’ course was delivered by accredited AMHFA instructors and teaches people how to support an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander person who is engaging in NSSI.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe outcome measures were stigmatising attitudes, confidence in ability to assist, and intended and actual actions to assist a person engaging in NSSI.ResultsImprovements were observed in stigmatising attitudes, with significant changes from precourse in both the ‘weak-not-sick’ (postcourse p<0.0623; follow-up p=0.0058) and ‘dangerous/unpredictable’ (postcourse p<0.0001; follow-up p=0.0036) subscales. Participants’ confidence in ability to assist increased significantly both postcourse (p<0.0001) and at follow-up (p<0.0001). Despite a high level of endorsement for the nine recommended assisting actions at precourse, significant improvements (p<0.05) were observed in endorsement for six and four of the assisting actions postcourse and at follow-up, respectively. Course content was rated as being somewhat (3.4%), mostly (13.8%) or very (82.7%) culturally appropriate by participants who identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander.ConclusionsThe results of this uncontrolled trial were encouraging, suggesting that the Talking About Non-Suicidal Self-Injury course was able to improve participants’ attitudes, confidence and intended assisting actions.
Trends in inpatient and post-discharge mortality among young infants admitted to Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Talbert Alison , Ngari Moses , Obiero Christina , Nyaguara Amek , Mwangome Martha , Mturi Neema , Ouma Nelson , Otiende Mark , Berkley James 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesTo describe admission trends and estimate inpatient and post-discharge mortality and its associated exposures, among young infants (YI) admitted to a county hospital in Kenya.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSecondary level hospital.ParticipantsYI aged less than 60 days admitted to hospital from January 2009 to December 2019: 12 271 admissions in 11 877 individuals. YI who were resident within a Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS): n=3625 with 4421 admissions were followed-up for 1 year after discharge.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInpatient and 1-year post-discharge mortality, the latter in KHDSS residents.ResultsOf 12 271 YI admissions, 4421 (36%) were KHDSS-resident. Neonatal sepsis, preterm complications and birth asphyxia accounted for 83% of the admissions. The proportion of YI among under-5s admissions increased from 19% in 2009 to 34% in 2019 (Ptrend=0.02). Inpatient case fatality was 16%, with 66% of the deaths occurring within 48 hours of admission. The introduction of free maternity care in 2013 was not associated with a change in admissions or inpatient mortality among YI. During 1-year post-discharge, 208/3625 (5.7%) YI died, 64.3 (95% CI 56.2 to 73.7) per 1000 infant-years. 49% of the post-discharge deaths occurred within 1 month of discharge, and 49% of post-discharge deaths occurred at home. Both inpatient and post-discharge deaths were associated with low admission weight. Inpatient mortality was associated with clinical signs of disease severity, while post-discharge mortality was associated with the length of hospitalisation, leaving against advice and referral to a specialised hospital.ConclusionsYIs accounted for an increasing proportion of paediatric admissions and their overall mortality remains high. Post-discharge mortality accounts for a lower proportion of deaths but mortality rate is higher than among children aged 2–59 months. Services to address post-discharge mortality are needed and should focus on infants at higher risk.
Visual outcomes and safety profile of intraocular lens implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia with no subluxation
Authors: Chattannavar Goura , Mohamed Ashik , Malgi Vishwesh , Kekunnaya Ramesh 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveTo study the visual, refractive and surgical outcomes of intraocular lens (IOL) implantation versus aphakia in children with microspherophakia.DesignRetrospective, comparative, non-randomised interventional study.MethodsAll consecutive children with microspherophakia who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. The eyes that underwent in-the-bag IOL implantation and those that were left aphakic were included in groups A and B, respectively. The postoperative visual outcomes, IOL stability and complications during the follow-up period were studied.Results22 eyes (13 patients, male 76%), of which 12 eyes were in group A and 10 eyes in group B. The mean±SE of age at surgery was 9.4±1.4 and 7.3±0.9 years in group A and group B, respectively (p value 0.18). The mean follow-up of group A was 0.9±0.4 years (median 0.5 years; Q1 0.04, Q3 2.16) and group B was 1.3±0.9 years (median 0.147 years; Q1 0.08, Q3 0.39) (p value 0.76). All the baseline biometric variables including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were comparable in each group. The final BCVA in logMAR adjusted for follow-up was comparable in both group A (0.29±0.06) and group B (0.52±0.09) (p value 0.06). Mean predictive error of IOL power in microspherophakia was 0.17±0.43.The most common complication in group A was visual axis opacification of two eyes (16.7%, 95% CI 2.9% to 49.1%), of which one eye (8.3%, 95% CI 0.4% to 40.2%) needed membranectomy. Vitreous in anterior chamber was the most common complication in group B, seen in two eyes (20%, 95% CI 3.5% to 55.8%), of which one eye (10%, 95% CI 0.5% to 45.9%) underwent YAG laser vitreolysis. The survival analysis (p value 0.18) was comparable in each group.ConclusionIn-the-bag IOL is an option, which can be considered in selected cases of microspherophakia in developing nations where regular follow-up and economic constraints are a major concern.
Improving the management of left ventricular thrombus in a tertiary cardiology centre: a quality improvement project
Authors: Rahunathan Nithusa , Hurdus Ben , Straw Sam , Iqbal Hansa , Witte Klaus , Wheatcroft Stephen 
Published: January 2023

Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is an increasingly recognised complication following anterior myocardial infarction and non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Whilst vitamin K antagonists (VKA) remain the only approved therapeutic option to reduce the risk of systemic thromboembolism including stroke, the off-label use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is becoming an attractive alternative.We aimed to improve the diagnosis and management of LV thrombus at a tertiary cardiology centre using quality improvement methodology. Outcomes included increasing the use of DOACs from 25% to 70% over a period of 1 year and shorten length of time from diagnosis to repeat imaging to within 3–6 months as recommended by guidelines.During the first Plan–Do–Study–Action (PDSA) cycle, we identified 84 patients diagnosed with LV thrombus between 1 December 2012 and 30 June 2018. The majority (74%) were prescribed VKA. Repeat imaging occurred in 89% of patients, but only 55% using the same modality. The mean duration between diagnosis and repeat imaging was 233±251 days. There were no significant differences between VKA and DOAC in terms of thrombus resolution, systemic embolisation or clinically significant bleeding. We published trust-wide guidelines on the management of LV thrombus with recommendations supporting the use of DOACs and appropriate follow-up imaging. A second PDSA cycle undertaken between 1 October 2019 and 31 March 2020 identified a further 20 patients. DOAC use increased to 70% and 70% of patients underwent follow-up imaging following a mean duration of 140±61 days, although in only 36% using the same modality.Using quality improvement methodology, we confirmed safe and efficient use of DOAC in the setting of LV thrombus. We published trust guidelines supporting their use, which was associated with an increase in DOAC use and in earlier follow-up imaging in line with our recommendations.
Beyond the medals: a cross-sectional study exploring retired elite female athletes’ health
Authors: Thornton Jane , Rosen Casey , Davenport Margie , Mountjoy Margo Lynn , Dorian Paul , Gouttebarge Vincent , Breau Becky , Pila Eva , Reilly Kristen , Yuan Jane , Mok Kelly , Di Ciacca Steve , Speechley Mark , Crossley Kay 
Published: January 2023

ObjectivesLittle is known about the impact of elite sport participation on long-term athlete health. We aimed to: (1) describe musculoskeletal, mental health, reproductive/endocrine and cardiovascular characteristics in retired elite female athletes and compare to the general population and (2) explore athletes’ perceptions of their elite sport participation and its impact on health.MethodsA 136-item online questionnaire was disseminated to Canadian elite female rowing and rugby athletes >18 years old,>2 years retired from elite competition. Matched general population data were obtained from Statistics Canada when available.ResultsSeventy-four (24% response rate) athletes (average age 45 (±9) years; retired 15 (±9) years) completed the questionnaire (30 rowing, 44 rugby athletes). During their career, 63 athletes (85%) experienced a hip/groin, knee, foot/ankle injury, or low back pain, with 42 (67%) reporting ongoing symptoms. Athletes 35–54 years reported worse knee symptoms and quality of life compared with the general population (symptom: p=0.197; d=1.15 [0.66, 1.63]; quality of life: p=0.312 d=1.03 [0.54, 1.51]) while other hip, knee and foot/ankle outcome scores were similar. Retired athletes had lower odds of anxiety (OR=0.155 [95% CI0.062 to 0.384]), greater lifetime/ever odds of amenorrhea (OR=6.10 [95%CI 2.67 to 13.96]) and gave birth when older (p<0.05). Fifty-nine (79%) recalled witnessing or experiencing at least one form of harassment/abuse during their career. Sixty athletes (81%) rated their current health as above average or excellent and 61 (82%) would compete at the same level again if given the choice.ConclusionThese novel insights can inform future preventative efforts to promote positive elite sport-related outcomes for current, former and future female athletes.