bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a novel indentometer to evaluate skin stiffness in healthy and diseased human skin
Authors: Ivanova Zlatina , Aleksiev Teodor , Dobrev Hristo , Atanasov Nikolay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMechanical behavior of the skin can be evaluated by different non‐invasive methods. In this study, we applied a new measurement device based on indentometry to determine the skin mechanical properties in healthy individuals and in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).Material and methodsThree studies were performed. Study 1 included 100 healthy individuals (46 male and 54 female) divided into four age groups with mean ages of 21.5, 28.9, 51.2, and 69.3 years, respectively. Test sites were located on the center of the forehead and the middle of both volar forearms. Study 2 included 16 healthy individuals (two males and 14 females). Test sites were on both volar forearms. Measurements were made before and after the application of Vaseline and emulsion with 12% urea. Study 3 included 20 patients (one male and 19 females) with SSc and 60 age‐matched healthy individuals (23 males and 37 females). Test sites were on the center of the forehead and the middle of both volar forearms. Skin stiffness was measured with skin Indentometer IDM 800 (Courage + Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) equipped with two probes with pin diameters of 3 and 5 mm, respectively. The stiffer the skin, the less deep the displacement by the indenter. The smaller the diameter, the deeper the pin will go into the skin when using the same force. In addition, the Corneometer CM 820 (Courage + Khazaka) was used to determine epidermal water content in study 2.ResultsIndentometric (IDM) values of healthy subjects measured with both probes were lower on the forehead compared to volar forearms. There was no significant difference between both forearms. In all age groups, the IDM values on the male forearms were lower than on the female forearms whereas there was no significant difference on the forehead. In both sex and on all test locations a significant positive correlation between age and IDM values measured with both probes was observed. There was a significant positive correlation between IDM values measured with both probes. The application of moisturizers induced significant changes in epidermal water content whereas the IDM values remained unchanged. At both the forehead and volar forearms, the IDM values in patients with SSc were significantly lower compared to the healthy control skin.ConclusionThe non‐invasive indentometric method used can successfully distinguish the changes in normal skin mechanical properties related to age, sex, and anatomical location, as well as in patients with SSc. The method is not appropriate to study the changes related to epidermal hydration.
Agreement between hematocrit values determined by the Cobas b121 blood gas analyzer and the microhematocrit method in dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Dallarosa Pâmela , Monteiro Eduardo R. , Borenstein Ana Paula S. , Valle Stella F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundPacked cell volume (PCV) is important for assessing a patient's health status. Some blood gas analyzers measure hematocrit, and the agreement with PCV varies among different analyzers.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the agreement between PCV measured by microcentrifugation and hematocrit measured by the Cobas b121 blood gas analyzer in dogs, cats, and horses.MethodsWhole blood samples for PCV and blood gas analysis were collected in lithium‐heparin syringes and analyzed within 10 min of collection. Agreement and association between the PCV and Cobas b121 generated hematocrit were assessed by the Bland–Altman method, Pearson's correlation, Deming regression analysis, and paired t tests. A total allowable error of 10% was used for the analysis.ResultsThis study included 45 dogs, 45 cats, and 33 horses. The respective mean ± SD (minimum‐maximum) of PCVs and hematocrits were: dogs, 34.9 ± 9.9% (9.0–55.0) and 32.5 ± 8.8% (10.4–50.6); cats, 29.0 ± 9.6% (11.0–51.0) and 26.9 ± 9.3% (10.2–50.9); horses, 34.2 ± 6.5% (24.0–47.0) and 34.1 ± 6.0% (22.5–46.1). There were no significant differences between the methods. The bias ± SD was: dogs, −2.4 ± 2.6%; cats, −2.2 ± 2.3%; horses, −0.1 ± 2.4%. Pearson's correlation coefficients were > 0.90 for all species (P < 0.0001). In 60%, 49%, and 85% of the samples for dogs, cats, and horses, respectively, the percentage differences between the methods were within 10%.ConclusionsThe Cobas b121 blood gas analyzer provided accurate estimates of PCVs in horses. However, in dogs and cats, there was a large frequency of unacceptable differences between the methods.
Platelet function analyzer‐200 closure curve analysis and assessment of flow‐obstructed samples
Authors: Kornya Matthew R. , Abrams‐Ogg Anthony C. G. , Blois Shauna L. , Wood R. Darren 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe Platelet function analyzer‐200 can determine the effect of clopidogrel in cats. Flow obstruction is an error that causes uninterpretable results. Closure curves and parameters initial flow rate (IF) and total volume (TV) are displayed by the PFA‐200 and may allow interpretation of results in cases of flow obstruction. The primary hemostasis components (PHC) are calculated values that normalize these parameters.ObjectivesTo determine if closure curves and research parameters allow detecting the effect of clopidogrel in cases of flow obstruction.MethodsA review of closure curves identified those with flow obstruction and paired analysis that did not. Non‐flow–obstructed curves were used to categorize curves with respect to clopidogrel effects. IF, TV, PHC(1), and PHC(2) were evaluated to determine if these could be used to categorize if a sample exhibited the effects of clopidogrel. Curves were visually analyzed, and characteristics identified that were more common with or without the effect of clopidogrel. Visual analysis of curves was performed by blinded observers to determine if a visual analysis was able to predict the effect of clopidogrel.ResultsAnalysis of parameters was able to predict closure or non‐closure in flow‐obstructed curves. TV, PHC(1), and PHC(2) had area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristics of 0.79, 0.79, and 0.87. Visual curve analysis was unable to predict closure, with an average accuracy of only 55%, among three reviewers. Agreement between reviewers was poor (Fleiss' Kappa 0.06).ConclusionsVisual curve analysis was unable to determine the effect of clopidogrel in flow‐obstructed samples. Numerical parameters were able to detect the effect of clopidogrel with a high degree of accuracy in flow‐obstructed samples.
Single-drone energy efficient coverage path planning with multiple charging stations for surveillance
Authors: Celik Atalay , Ustaomer Enes , Satoglu Sule Itir 
Published: July 2023

Drones have started to be used for surveillance within the cities, visually scanning the predefined zones, quickly detecting abnormal states such as fires, accidents, and pollution, or assessing the disaster zones. Coverage Path Planning (CPP) is a problem that aims to determine the most suitable path or motion plan for a vehicle to cover the entire desired area in the task. So, this paper proposes a novel two-dimensional coverage path planning (CPP) mathematical model with the fact that a single drone may need to be recharged within its route based on its energy consumption, and the obstacles must be avoided while constructing the route. Our study aims to create realistic routes for drones by considering multiple charging stations and obstacles for surveillance. We tested the model for a grid example based on the scenarios obtained by changing the layout, the number of obstacles and recharging stations, and area size using the Python Gurobi Optimization library. As a contribution, we analyzed the impact of the number of existing obstacles and recharging stations, the size and layout of the area to be covered on total energy consumption, and the total solution time of CPP in our study for the first time in the literature, through a detailed Scenario Analysis. Results show that the map size and the number of covered cells affect the total energy consumption, but different layouts with shuffled cells are not effective. The area size to be covered affects the total computation time, significantly. As the number of obstacles and recharging stations increases, the computation time decreases up to a certain limit, then stabilizes.
SARS-CoV-2 main protease cleaves MAGED2 to antagonize host antiviral defense
Authors: Ju Xiaohui , Wang Ziqiao , Wang Pengcheng , Ren Wenlin , Yu Yanying , Yu Yin , Yuan Bin , Song Jingwei , Zhang Xiaochun , Zhang Yu , Xu Chang , Tian Boxue , Shi Yi , Zhang Rong , Ding Qiang 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent causing the global pandemic of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes a main protease (nsp5, also called Mpro) and a papain-like protease (nsp3, also called PLpro), which are responsible for processing viral polyproteins to assemble a functional replicase complex. In this study, we found that Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 can cleave human MAGED2 and other mammalian orthologs at Gln-263. Moreover, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mpro can also cleave human MAGED2, suggesting MAGED2 cleavage by Mpro is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of coronavirus infection in mammals. Intriguingly, Mpro from Beta variant cleaves MAGED2 more efficiently than wild type, but Omicron Mpro is opposite. Further studies show that MAGED2 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection at viral replication step. Mechanistically, MAGED2 is associated with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein through its N-terminal region in an RNA-dependent manner, and this disrupts the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and viral genome, thus inhibiting viral replication. When MAGED2 is cleaved by Mpro, the N-terminal of MAGED2 will translocate into the nucleus, and the truncated MAGED2 is unable to suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication. This work not only discovers the antiviral function of MAGED2 but also provides new insights into how SARS-CoV-2 Mpro antagonizes host antiviral response.

IMPORTANCE
Host factors that restrict severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remain elusive. Here, we found that MAGED2 can be cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) at Gln-263. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Mpro can also cleave MAGED2, and MAGED2 from multiple species can be cleaved by SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Mpro from Beta variant cleaves MAGED2 more efficiently efficiently than wild type, but Omicron is the opposite. MAGED2 depletion enhances SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting its inhibitory role in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mechanistically, MAGED2 restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication by disrupting the interaction between nucleocapsid and viral genomes. When MAGED2 is cleaved, its N-terminal will translocate into the nucleus. In this way, Mpro relieves MAGED2' inhibition on viral replication. This study improves our understanding of complex viral-host interaction and provides novel targets to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Phytostratigraphic Scale of the Nonmarine Cretaceous of Northeast Asia: Attempts at Elaboration and Results
Authors: Shczepetov S. V. , Herman A. B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAt the beginning of the 1970s, the paleobotanist V.A. Samylina published her concept of stratofloras: a stratigraphic scale of nonmarine Cretaceous deposits of Northeast Russia based on plant megafossils. This concept derived from the evolution of a systematic composition of plant communities upon the transition from Mesophyte to Cenophyte. Because the accuracy of this scale was similar to that for marine deposits, it almost instantaneously began to be used for the determination of the age and the correlation of continental deposits of the region. The paper considers the changes in views on the evolution of plant world of the region as new data arrive. It is shown that the elaboration of a common scale for the region is impossible, because the paleolandscape environments differed on this territory. The accuracy of scales for various parts of the region with similar paleolandscape conditions is lower than the stages of the General Stratigraphic Chart.
Interaction of Finite Perturbations with the Front and Singularity of the Profile of a Nonlinear Wave in a Dissipative Medium
Authors: Gusev V. A. , Rudenko O. V. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe interaction of a short pulse with three types of wave profiles in a nonlinear dissipative medium are described: a stationary shock front of finite width, a nonstationary forming front, and a “stationary” wave the profile of which contains a singularity. Exact solutions to the Burgers equation are used, which describe these interactions, as well as the symmetry properties of this equation.
Prediction of charmed-bottom pentaquarks in quark model
Authors: Yan Ye , Wu Yuheng , Huang Hongxia , Ping Jialun , Zhu Xinmei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInspired by the fully heavy tetraquark states reported by the LHCb, ATLAS and CMS Collaborations, we perform a systematical investigation of the low-lying fully heavy pentaquark systems composed of charm and bottom quarks (anti-quark) in the chiral quark model. With the help of the channel-coupling, we obtain several fully heavy pentaquark candidates, which are $$cccc\bar{b}$$

c
c
c
c

b

¯

and $$bbbb\bar{c}$$

b
b
b
b

c

¯

systems with $$J^P = 1/2^-$$

J
P

=
1
/

2
-

and $$3/2^-$$

3
/

2
-

, $$cccb\bar{c}$$

c
c
c
b

c

¯

, $$bbbc\bar{b}$$

b
b
b
c

b

¯

, $$cccb\bar{b}$$

c
c
c
b

b

¯

and $$bbbc\bar{c}$$

b
b
b
c

c

¯

systems with $$J^P = 5/2^-$$

J
P

=
5
/

2
-

. The binding energies of these states are all below 10 MeV and the root mean square (RMS) are around 1.8 fm, which indicates that these states are likely to be molecular states. These predicted exotic states may provide new ideas for experimental searches and we expect more experimental and theoretical researches to study and understand the fully heavy states in future.
Like a sticker
Authors: Xu Rui-Liang , Lu Chia-Rung 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This study explores a new type of grammaticalisation, namely, grammatical constructionalisation, based on an investigation of the use of a newly emerging construction, the [X.jpg] construction, in online forums in Taiwan. JP(E)G stands for ‘Joint Photographic Experts Group’. As an abbreviation for the file extension of images, it was initially attached to image files in computers. However, in Taiwanese Mandarin, new usages for it have developed, whereby it can be attached to any phrase, including those without any source images, thereby simply pretending that the phrase has an attached image. Since the file extension .jpg is a technical term and a bound morpheme, when it extends to attenuating the force of the speech act, it functions as a pragmatic marker or hedge. This process of change from lexical to grammatical is known as grammatical constructionalisation and reveals the results of the interplay between popular Internet memes and user psychology. When using [X.jpg], users tend to downtone the speaker’s attitude, increase solidarity among insiders and pursue vividness and a sense of humour. This usage initially emerged under the technical limitations of a text-only online environment. The findings of this study suggest that the constructionist approach is an efficient, unified theoretical framework for its explanatory adequacy in addressing issues concerning both synchronic lexical semantics and diachronic grammatical change.
‘It sounds a little cool’
Authors: Hsieh Chen-Yu Chester 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Social media platforms such as YouTube have become increasingly popular for language teaching and learning. Despite adequate research on the use of YouTube for educational purposes, it is necessary to explore the verbal and non-verbal features YouTubers deploy, as in Taiwan, to construct online discourse in a multilingual context. Using the Appraisal Theory framework, this study analyses the evaluative practices in three Taiwan-based English-teaching videos. The results reveal that YouTubers made evaluations fairly frequently and used specific multimodal devices for evaluation in language-teaching videos, such as expressions of judgement, disclaim, and focus, and gestures such as beats and pointing. The evaluation was found to serve genre-specific functions, including explaining pedagogical content, making meta-pragmatic comments about language use, marking the opening and closing of the video, and promoting products or services. The findings have implications for research on appraisal, social media pragmatics, and online language teaching practices.
Précis of Radical Skepticism and Epistemic Intuition
Authors: Bergmann Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In this précis of Radical Skepticism and Epistemic Intuition, I highlight the main lines of argument in the book and provide an outline of each of the book’s three parts. I explain how: Part I lays out an argument for radical skepticism and objects to one of the two main ways of responding to it; Part ii presents my version of the other main way of responding to that skeptical argument (a version that relies heavily on epistemic intuition); and Part iii defends epistemic intuition (and, thereby, my response to radical skepticism) from several important objections.
Replies to Chudnoff, Lemos, and McCain
Authors: Bergmann Michael 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
These replies to critical comments by Elijah Chudnoff, Noah Lemos, and Kevin McCain on my book Radical Skepticism and Epistemic Intuition begin (after the Introduction) with Section 2, where I address a cluster of complaints from Chudnoff and McCain in connection with skepticism-supporting underdetermination principles. (These principles play a significant role in my portrayal of radical skepticism and in my Reidian response to it.) In Section 3, I reply to some objections from Lemos concerning a claim (from Radical Skepticism and Epistemic Intuition) that I call ‘the Paradigm-case Thesis’. In Section 4, I respond to some concerns that McCain and Lemos raise in connection with my discussion of the rationality of seemings. Lastly, Section 5 covers a few remaining objections from McCain and Lemos having to do with Chisholm’s “Problem of the Criterion,” the comparative strength of seemings, and the challenge of identifying which seemings count as epistemic intuitions.
The Influence of ngos on Danish Migration Policy in the 1930s: the Role of Moral and Pragmatic Legitimacy
Authors: Syberg Mikkel Witt 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
This article contributes to a debate initiated in this journal in 2019 on the influence of ngos on migration policies in twentieth-century Western Europe. The study further develops previous studies by examining how ngos in 1930s Denmark managed and used different types of legitimacy to gain political influence. The claims of this article can be useful in seeing the influence of ngos as a process in which moral and pragmatic legitimacy are decisive factors in different phases of this process. The study finds that moral legitimacy is crucial for ngos in the initial phase of gaining access to negotiations with policymakers: the so-called ‘insider strategies’. Pragmatic legitimacy proves to be important for ngos when access to insider strategies is achieved. The ngos used their pragmatic legitimacy – for instance, their ability to reduce costs for the state – when negotiating with policymakers.
A new species of cirri-bearing eel of the genus Cirrhimuraena (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the coastal Bay of Bengal, India
Authors: MOHANTY SWARUP RANJAN , BEHERA RAJESH KUMAR , PATRO SHESDEV , MOHAPATRA ANIL 
Published: July 2023

A new species of cirri-bearing ophichthidae eel Cirrhimuraena odishaensis sp. nov. is described here, on the basis of two specimens collected from the Palur canal and Talasari fish landing centre in Odisha, India. The distinguishing characters of Cirrhimuraena odishaensis sp. nov. that separate it from its congeners include the presence of a single row of mandibular teeth, origin of the dorsal fin directly above the midpoint of pectoral fin, vertebral counts (pre-dorsal 10, pre-anal 46–47, and total 160–162), and number of cirri (13) on the upper jaw. Morphologically Cirrhimuraena odishaensis shows close affinity with Cirrhimuraena yuanding and Cirrhimuraena orientalis. The new species differs from C. yuanding by origin of dorsal fin, number of intermaxillary and maxillary teeth, and length of head. The new species differs from C. orientalis with relatively higher vertebrae.
An Iterative Approach toward Development of Ensemble Visualization Techniques for High-Impact Winter Weather Hazards: Part II: Product Evaluation
Authors: Radford Jacob T. , Lackmann Gary M. , Goodwin Jean , Correia James , Harnos Kirstin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We developed five prototype convection-allowing model ensemble visualization products with the goal of improving depictions of the timing of winter weather hazards. These products are interactive, web-based plots visualizing probabilistic onset times and durations of intense snowfall rates, probabilities of heavy snow at rush hour, periods of heightened impacts, and mesoscale snowband probabilities. Prototypes were evaluated in three experimental groups coordinated by the Weather Prediction Center (WPC) Hydrometeorological Testbed (HMT), with a total of 53 National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters. Forecasters were asked to complete a simple forecast exercise for a snowfall event, with a control group using the Storm Prediction Center’s (SPC) High-Resolution Ensemble Forecast (HREF) system viewer, and an experimental group using both the HREF viewer and the five experimental graphics. Forecast accuracy was similar between the groups, but the experimental group exhibited smaller mean absolute error for snowfall duration forecasts. A series of Likert-scale questions saw participants respond favorably to all of the products and indicated that they would use them in operational forecasts and in communicating information to core partners. Forecasters also felt that the new products improved their comprehension of ensemble spread and reduced the time required to complete the forecasting exercise. Follow-up plenary discussions reiterated that there is a high demand for ensemble products of this type, though a number of potential improvements, such as greater customizability, were suggested. Ultimately, we demonstrated that social science methods can be effectively employed in the atmospheric sciences to yield improved visualization products.