bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear indium atom chains at graphene edges
Authors: Elibol Kenan , Susi Toma , Mangler Clemens , Eder Dominik , Meyer Jannik C. , Kotakoski Jani , Hobbs Richard G. , van Aken Peter A. , Bayer Bernhard C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe presence of metal atoms at the edges of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) opens new possibilities toward tailoring their physical properties. We present here formation and high-resolution characterization of indium (In) chains on the edges of graphene-supported GNRs. The GNRs are formed when adsorbed hydrocarbon contamination crystallizes via laser heating into small ribbon-like patches of a second graphitic layer on a continuous graphene monolayer and onto which In is subsequently physical vapor deposited. Using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we find that this leads to the preferential decoration of the edges of the overlying GNRs with multiple In atoms along their graphitic edges. Electron-beam irradiation during STEM induces migration of In atoms along the edges of the GNRs and triggers the formation of longer In atom chains during imaging. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of GNRs similar to our experimentally observed structures indicate that both bare zigzag (ZZ) GNRs as well as In-terminated ZZ-GNRs have metallic character, whereas in contrast, In termination induces metallicity for otherwise semiconducting armchair (AC) GNRs. Our findings provide insights into the creation and properties of long linear metal atom chains at graphitic edges.
Intersecting distributed networks support convergent linguistic functioning across different languages in bilinguals
Authors: Geng Shujie , Guo Wanwan , Rolls Edmund T. , Xu Kunyu , Jia Tianye , Zhou Wei , Blakemore Colin , Tan Li-Hai , Cao Miao , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHow bilingual brains accomplish the processing of more than one language has been widely investigated by neuroimaging studies. The assimilation-accommodation hypothesis holds that both the same brain neural networks supporting the native language and additional new neural networks are utilized to implement second language processing. However, whether and how this hypothesis applies at the finer-grained levels of both brain anatomical organization and linguistic functions remains unknown. To address this issue, we scanned Chinese-English bilinguals during an implicit reading task involving Chinese words, English words and Chinese pinyin. We observed broad brain cortical regions wherein interdigitated distributed neural populations supported the same cognitive components of different languages. Although spatially separate, regions including the opercular and triangular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus, temporal pole, superior and middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus and supplementary motor areas were found to perform the same linguistic functions across languages, indicating regional-level functional assimilation supported by voxel-wise anatomical accommodation. Taken together, the findings not only verify the functional independence of neural representations of different languages, but show co-representation organization of both languages in most language regions, revealing linguistic-feature specific accommodation and assimilation between first and second languages.
Models versus pathogens: how conserved is the FtsZ in bacteria?
Authors: Battaje Rachana Rao , Piyush Ravikant , Pratap Vidyadhar , Panda Dulal 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Combating anti-microbial resistance by developing alternative strategies is the need of the hour. Cell division, particularly FtsZ, is being extensively studied for its potential as an alternative target for anti-bacterial therapy. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli are the two well-studied models for research on FtsZ, the leader protein of the cell division machinery. As representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively, these organisms have provided an extensive outlook into the process of cell division in rod-shaped bacteria. However, research on other shapes of bacteria, like cocci and ovococci, lags behind that of model rods. Even though most regions of FtsZ show sequence and structural conservation throughout bacteria, the differences in FtsZ functioning and interacting partners establish several different modes of division in different bacteria. In this review, we compare the features of FtsZ and cell division in the model rods B. subtilis and E. coli and the four pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Reviewing several recent articles on these pathogenic bacteria, we have highlighted the functioning of FtsZ, the unique roles of FtsZ-associated proteins, and the cell division processes in them. Further, we provide a detailed look at the anti-FtsZ compounds discovered and their target bacteria, emphasizing the need for elucidation of the anti-FtsZ mechanism of action in different bacteria. Current challenges and opportunities in the ongoing journey of identifying potent anti-FtsZ drugs have also been described.
Erfolgreiche mikrochirurgische Replantation einer vollständig
amputierten, in Eis gefrorenen Fingerpulpa: Fallbericht und
Literaturübersicht
Authors: Winterholer Dorrit , Fritsche Elmar , Kulakli Elif , Giesen Thomas 
Published: January 2023

ZusammenfassungDie mikrochirurgische Replantation von falsch asservierten und für den
Transport nicht korrekt gelagerten Amputaten wird gemeinhin als
unmöglich und ohne Aussicht auf Erfolg beurteilt. Dies gilt insbesondere
für Amputate, welche einen Kälteschaden durch längeres
Gefrieren des Gewebes aufweisen. Wir stellen einen Fall vor, bei dem es gelang,
eine amputierte Fingerpulpa, die in Eis vollständig gefroren war,
erfolgreich zu replantieren. Wir geben eine Übersicht über die
Literatur zum Thema der falschen Asservierung von Amputaten und deren negativen
Effekten auf Erfolgsaussichten zur Replantation.
Maternal Transmission of the PAX7 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms among Indian Cleft Trios
Authors: Khan Mahamad Irfanulla , C.S Prashanth , Mustak Mohammed S. , Nizamuddin Sheikh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common congenital anomalies of the human face with a complex etiology involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have shown the association of the paired box 7 (PAX7) gene with CL/P in different populations worldwide. However, the current literature reveals no reported case-parent trio studies to evaluate the association between the PAX7 gene and the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in the Indian population. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the PAX7 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the etiology of NSCL/P among the Indian cleft trios. Forty Indian case-parent trios of NSCL/P were included. The cases and their parents' genomic DNA were extracted. The SNPs rs9439714, rs1339062, rs6695765, rs742071, and rs618941of the PAX7 gene were genotyped using the Agena Bio MassARRAY analysis. The allelic transmission disequilibrium test was performed using PLINK software while pair-wise linkage disequilibrium by the Haploview program. The SNP rs9439714 showed evidence of association (p-value = 0.02, odds ratio = 3) with NSCL/P. Considering the parent-of-origin effects, the SNPs rs9439714 and rs618941 showed an excess maternal transmission of allele C at rs9439714 (p-value = 0.05) and G allele at rs618941 (p-value = 0.04). The results of the present study suggested that the SNPs rs9439714 and rs618941 showed an excess maternal transmission of alleles suggestive of the possible role of the PAX7 gene involvement in the etiology of NSCL/P in the Indian population.
“fhircrackr”: An R Package Unlocking Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources for Statistical Analysis
Authors: Palm Julia , Meineke Frank A. , Przybilla Jens , Peschel Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground The growing interest in the secondary use of electronic health record (EHR) data has increased the number of new data integration and data sharing infrastructures. The present work has been developed in the context of the German Medical Informatics Initiative, where 29 university hospitals agreed to the usage of the Health Level Seven Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for their newly established data integration centers. This standard is optimized to describe and exchange medical data but less suitable for standard statistical analysis which mostly requires tabular data formats.Objectives The objective of this work is to establish a tool that makes FHIR data accessible for standard statistical analysis by providing means to retrieve and transform data from a FHIR server. The tool should be implemented in a programming environment known to most data analysts and offer functions with variable degrees of flexibility and automation catering to users with different levels of FHIR expertise.Methods We propose the fhircrackr framework, which allows downloading and flattening FHIR resources for data analysis. The framework supports different download and authentication protocols and gives the user full control over the data that is extracted from the FHIR resources and transformed into tables. We implemented it using the programming language R [1] and published it under the GPL-3 open source license.Results The framework was successfully applied to both publicly available test data and real-world data from several ongoing studies. While the processing of larger real-world data sets puts a considerable burden on computation time and memory consumption, those challenges can be attenuated with a number of suitable measures like parallelization and temporary storage mechanisms.Conclusion The fhircrackr R package provides an open source solution within an environment that is familiar to most data scientists and helps overcome the practical challenges that still hamper the usage of EHR data for research.
Preoperative Identification and Management of Anemia in the Colorectal Surgery Patient
Authors: Lynch Kevin T. , Hassinger Taryn E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreoperative anemia is a common finding in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, particularly those with cancer. While often multifactorial, iron deficiency anemia remains the most common cause of anemia in this patient population. Although seemingly innocuous, preoperative anemia is associated with an increased risk of perioperative complications and need for allogenic blood transfusions, both of which may worsen cancer-specific survival. Preoperative correction of anemia and iron deficiency is thus necessary to diminish these risks. Current literature supports preoperative screening for anemia and iron deficiency in patients slated to undergo colorectal surgery for malignancy or for benign conditions with associated patient- or procedure-related risk factors. Accepted treatment regimens include iron supplementation—either oral or intravenous—as well as erythropoietin therapy. Autologous blood transfusion should not be utilized as a treatment for preoperative anemia when there is time to implement other corrective strategies. Additional study is still needed to better standardize preoperative screening and optimize treatment regimens.
Perioperative Nutritional Considerations in Colon and Rectal Surgery
Authors: Curran Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMalnutrition is common in surgical patients and is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality. Dedicated assessment of nutritional status is advised by major nutrition and surgical societies. Assessment may utilize comprehensive and validated nutritional assessment tools or targeted history, physical examination with accompanying serologic markers to identify nutritional risk preoperatively. Emergent surgery in malnourished patients should proceed as the clinical situation dictates with consideration of ostomy or primary anastomosis with proximal fecal diversion to mitigate postoperative infectious complications. Nonemergent surgery should be delayed to facilitate nutritional optimization via oral nutritional supplementation preferably and total parenteral nutrition if necessary for at least 7 to 14 days. Exclusive enteral nutrition may be considered to optimize nutritional status and inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease. Immunonutrition use in the preoperative setting is not supported by evidence. Perioperative and postoperative immunonutrition may be of benefit but requires dedicated study in the contemporary era. Close attention to preoperative nutritional status and optimization represents a critical opportunity to improve outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Vibrationally excited states of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazole isotopologues analyzed by millimeter-wave and high-resolution infrared spectroscopy with approximate state-specific quartic distortion constants
Authors: Zdanovskaia Maria A. , Franke Peter R. , Esselman Brian J. , Billinghurst Brant E. , Zhao Jianbao , Stanton John F. , Woods R. Claude , McMahon Robert J. 
Published: January 2023

In this work, we present the spectral analysis of 1H- and 2H-1,2,3-triazole vibrationally excited states alongside provisional and practical computational predictions of the excited-state quartic centrifugal distortion constants. The low-energy fundamental vibrational states of 1H-1,2,3-triazole and five of its deuteriated isotopologues ([1-2H]-, [4-2H]-, [5-2H]-, [4,5-2H]-, and [1,4,5-2H]-1H-1,2,3-triazole), as well as those of 2H-1,2,3-triazole and five of its deuteriated isotopologues ([2-2H]-, [4-2H]-, [2,4-2H]-, [4,5-2H]-, and [2,4,5-2H]-2H-1,2,3-triazole), are studied using millimeter-wave spectroscopy in the 130–375 GHz frequency region. The normal and [2-2H]-isotopologues of 2H-1,2,3-triazole are also analyzed using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, determining the precise energies of three of their low-energy fundamental states. The resulting spectroscopic constants for each of the vibrationally excited states are reported for the first time. Coupled-cluster vibration–rotation interaction constants are compared with each of their experimentally determined values, often showing agreement within 500 kHz. Newly available coupled-cluster predictions of the excited-state quartic centrifugal distortion constants based on fourth-order vibrational perturbation theory are benchmarked using a large number of the 1,2,3-triazole tautomer isotopologues and vibrationally excited states studied.
Data quality up to the third observing run of advanced LIGO: Gravity Spy glitch classifications
Authors: Glanzer J , Banagiri S , Coughlin S B , Soni S , Zevin M , Berry C P L , Patane O , Bahaadini S , Rohani N , Crowston K , Kalogera V , Østerlund C , Trouille L , Katsaggelos A 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Understanding the noise in gravitational-wave detectors is central to detecting and interpreting gravitational-wave signals. Glitches are transient, non-Gaussian noise features that can have a range of environmental and instrumental origins. The Gravity Spy project uses a machine-learning algorithm to classify glitches based upon their time–frequency morphology. The resulting set of classified glitches can be used as input to detector-characterisation investigations of how to mitigate glitches, or data-analysis studies of how to ameliorate the impact of glitches. Here we present the results of the Gravity Spy analysis of data up to the end of the third observing run of advanced laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatory (LIGO). We classify 233981 glitches from LIGO Hanford and 379805 glitches from LIGO Livingston into morphological classes. We find that the distribution of glitches differs between the two LIGO sites. This highlights the potential need for studies of data quality to be individually tailored to each gravitational-wave observatory.
Electrical equivalent model of a long dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet for endoscopy
Authors: Bastin Orianne , Thulliez Max , Serra Teo , Nyssen Linus , Fontaine Thomas , Devière Jacques , Delchambre Alain , Reniers François , Nonclercq Antoine 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasmas are a known source of reactive species enabling various treatments, from the healing of chronic wounds to the treatment of surface cancers. Therapeutic endoscopic procedures require developing specific flexible tools that can be used through or alongside endoscopes. Plasma devices for endoscopy have aroused significant research interest over the past few decades, but their electrical behaviour is not yet fully understood and predictable. There is thus a clear need for a robust model that provides a way to understand and optimize future devices. In this work, for the first time, an electrical equivalent model of a long plasma source (comprising plasma generation, transport and target interaction) was designed, implemented, and validated. System parameters were estimated based on the system geometry and independent measurements. The model reliably reproduces the double ignition (in the quartz chamber and at the treatment site) observed experimentally. Simulations globally agree with measurements taken for various gas gap distances and input voltages. Internal parameters that are difficult to measure, such as the electrical charge at the gas gaps, were inferred. The model can predict leakage current in the body and current at the target site. This work provides a new understanding of endoscopic plasma systems that could be used in the future to ensure patient and operator safety.
Emergence of metallic surface states and negative differential conductance in thin β-FeSi2 films on Si(001)
Authors: Sagisaka Keisuke , Kusawake Tomoko , Bowler David , Ohno Shinya 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The electronic properties of the surface of β-FeSi2 have been debated for a long. We studied the surface states of β-FeSi2 films grown on Si(001) substrates using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS), with the aid of density functional theory calculations. STM simulations using the surface model proposed by Romanyuk et al (2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 155305) reproduce the detailed features of experimental STM images. The result of STS showed metallic surface states in accordance with theoretical predictions. The Fermi level was pinned by a surface state that appeared in the bulk band gap of the β-FeSi2 film, irrespective of the polarity of the substrate. We also observed negative differential conductance at ∼0.45 eV above the Fermi level in STS measurements performed at 4.5 K, reflecting the presence of an energy gap in the unoccupied surface states of β-FeSi2.
Adaptive filter entropy monitoring method for scalar magnetic detection using optically pumped magnetometers
Authors: Qiao Shuai , Wang Qimeng , Zheng Doudou , Hou Qingfeng , Zhao Junzhi , Tang Jun , Yanjun Li , Sugawara Yasuhiro , Ma Zongmin , Liu Jun 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive filtering minimum entropy detector (AF-MED) method is proposed, which is an improvement on the minimum entropy detector (MED) method. The improvement can be divided into two parts. Firstly, in view of the low detection rate of the MED method in the case of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an adaptive filtering technology is added, which can accurately and dynamically determine the frequency range of the magnetic field according to the moving speed of the magnetic target, and effectively restrain the influence of environmental noise on the magnetic field. Compared with the MED method, the detection rate is increased by 48%. Secondly, using the kernel density estimation method to calculate the probability density value, the advantage is that there is no need to make any predictions or assumptions about the target, which makes the method more convenient to achieve. Furthermore, in this study, numerous simulations and experiments were performed, and the cell averaging constant false alarm rate detector was used to calculate the detection rate. The average value of detection rates of AF-MED, MED and the orthogonal basis function (OBF) are about 69%, 21% and 43% respectively when SNR is low (SNR from −25 dB to −50 dB). The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed method over the MED and the OBF.
High-mobility and low subthreshold swing amorphous InGaZnO thin-film transistors by in situ H2 plasma and neutral oxygen beam irradiation treatment
Authors: Wu Chien-Hung , Mohanty Srikant Kumar , Huang Bo-Wen , Chang Kow-ming , Wang Shui-Jinn , Ma Kung-jeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, staggered bottom-gate structure amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with high-k ZrO2 gate dielectric were fabricated using low-cost atmospheric pressure-plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (AP-PECVD) with in situ hydrogenation to modulate the carrier concentration and improve interface quality. Subsequently, a neutral oxygen beam irradiation (NOBI) technique is applied, demonstrating that a suitable NOBI treatment could successfully enhance electrical characteristics by reducing native defect states and minimize the trap density in the back channel. A reverse retrograde channel (RRGC) with ultra-high/low carrier concentration is also formed to prevent undesired off-state leakage current and achieve a very low subthreshold swing. The resulting a-IGZO TFTs exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, including a low subthreshold swing of 72 mV dec−1 and high field-effect mobility of 35 cm2 V−1 s−1, due to conduction path passivation and stronger carrier confinement in the RRGC. The UV–vis spectroscopy shows optical transmittance above 90% in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The study confirms the H2 plasma with NOBI-treated a-IGZO/ZrO2 TFT is a promising candidate for transparent electronic device applications.
Robust reconstruction of fluorescence molecular tomography based on adaptive adversarial learning strategy
Authors: Zhang Peng , Song Fan , Ma Chenbin , Liu Zeyu , Wu Huijie , Sun Yangyang , Feng Youdan , He Yufang , Zhang Guanglei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is a promising molecular imaging modality for quantifying the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of tumor probes in small animals. However, traditional deep learning reconstruction methods that aim to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) and iterative regularization algorithms that rely on optimal parameters are typically influenced by strong noise, resulting in poor FMT reconstruction robustness. Approach. In this letter, we propose an adaptive adversarial learning strategy (3D-UR-WGAN) to achieve robust FMT reconstructions. Unlike the pixel-based MSE criterion in traditional CNNs or the regularization strategy in iterative solving schemes, the reconstruction strategy can greatly facilitate the performance of the network models through alternating loop training of the generator and the discriminator. Second, the reconstruction strategy combines the adversarial loss in GANs with the L1 loss to significantly enhance the robustness and preserve image details and textual information. Main results. Both numerical simulations and physical phantom experiments demonstrate that the 3D-UR-WGAN method can adaptively eliminate the effects of different noise levels on the reconstruction results, resulting in robust reconstructed images with reduced artifacts and enhanced image contrast. Compared with the state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method achieves better reconstruction performance in terms of target shape recovery and localization accuracy. Significance. This adaptive adversarial learning reconstruction strategy can provide a possible paradigm for robust reconstruction in complex environments, and also has great potential to provide an alternative solution for solving the problem of poor robustness encountered in other optical imaging modalities such as diffuse optical tomography, bioluminescence imaging, and Cherenkov luminescence imaging.