bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tarp-Assisted Cooling for Exertional Heat Stroke Treatment in Wildland Firefighting
Authors: Pryor Riana R. , Haboian Kara , Fitts Triniti , Stooks Jocelyn J. 
Published: September 2023

Introduction Exertional heat stroke is a life-threatening emergency necessitating immediate treatment with rapid body cooling. A field-expedient alternative may be tarp-assisted cooling, requiring only water and a tarp. The objective of this study was to compare core temperature (Tc) cooling rates of tarp-assisted cooling using the limited resources available to a wildland firefighter and the current standard care provided in wilderness settings. Methods This cross-over, randomized control trial of 17 healthy individuals consisted of exercise in a 42±1°C, 32±4% relative humidity environment while wearing wildland firefighter attire, followed by cooling. Body cooling consisted of either pouring 11 L of 25±1°C water over the torso while lying supine on a tarp configured to hold water close to the individual (Tarp) or dousing the water on the participant followed by lying supine with a light breeze, current standard care in the wilderness (Current Care). Cooling occurred until Tc reached 38°C. Results Participants walked until a similar Tc was achieved in Tarp (39.59±0.04°C) and Current Care (39.55±0.22°C; P=0.36). Core temperature cooling rate was not different between Tarp (0.076±0.042°C·min−1) and Current Care (0.088±0.046°C·min−1; P=0.41). Conclusions In hyperthermic individuals, Tarp did not provide a faster cooling rate compared to the current exertional heat stroke care provided in the wilderness, and both provided a slower cooling rate than that provided by the traditional method of cold water immersion (>0.20°C·min−1) to treat exertional heat stroke patients.
The Impact of Climate‐Driven Lake Level Changes on Mantle Melting in Continental Rifts
Authors: Xue Liang , Muirhead James D. , Moucha Robert , Wright Lachlan J. M. , Scholz Christopher A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate cycles fundamentally control surface processes that affect the distribution of water and sediment, and their associated loads, across the Earth's surface. Here, we use a geodynamic model to examine how water loading can affect mantle melt generation in continental rift settings covered by deep lakes. Our modeling results suggest that lake level fluctuations can modulate the timing and rate of mantle melting. A rapid lake level drop of 800 m has the potential to increase mantle melt volumes by enhancing mantle upwelling beneath the rift, whereas a lake level rise can lead to a reduction of mantle melting. The volume of melt produced driven by lake level fluctuations is also dependent on crustal rheology, extension rate, mantle potential temperature, and lithosphere thickness. Our study identifies the importance of water loading for controlling rift processes, while also demonstrating critical links between changing climate, rift evolution and mantle melting.
A Juno‐Era View of Electric Currents in Jupiter's Magnetodisk
Authors: Liu Z.‐Y. , Blanc M. , Zong Q.‐G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecent observations from Juno provided a detailed view of Jupiter's magnetodisk, including its magnetic fields, waves, plasmas, and energetic particles. Here, we contribute to Juno results by determining the electric currents threading the magnetodisk and their coupling to field‐aligned currents (FACs) in the midnight‐to‐dawn local time sector. We first derive from Juno magnetic field data the spatial distributions of the height‐integrated radial (Ir) and azimuthal (Ia) currents in the magnetodisk, and then calculate the FACs from the divergence of the two current components. The Ir‐associated FAC, Jr, flows into and out of the magnetodisk at small and large radial distances, respectively, approximately consistent with the axisymmetric corotation enforcement model. On the other hand, Ia decreases with increasing local time everywhere in the local time sector covered, indicating an additional FAC (Ja) flowing out of the magnetodisk. From Ia and Ja, we conclude that the influence of the solar wind, which compresses the dayside magnetosphere and thus breaks the axisymmetry of currents and fields, reaches deep to a radial distance of at least about 25 Jupiter radii. Our results provide observational constraints on Jupiter's magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling current systems, on their relation to the main auroral emission and on the radial mass transport rate in the magnetodisk, which we estimate to be close to ∼1,500 kg/s.
Polarization and Spatial Distribution Features of Pc4 and Pc5 Waves in the Magnetosphere
Authors: Rubtsov A. V. , Nosé M. , Matsuoka A. , Shinohara I. , Miyoshi Y. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUltra‐low frequency waves interact with different particle populations all over the magnetosphere. Some interaction mechanisms are associated with certain wave modes, but is it really so and what about waves interaction between each other? We present a statistical analysis of Pc4 and Pc5 waves in the magnetosphere of the Earth that were observed by Arase satellite from March 2017 to December 2020. These waves were classified by polarization into toroidal, poloidal, and compressional waves. Toroidal and poloidal waves are thought to be Alfvén waves that are eigenoscillations of Earth's magnetic field lines. The former are believed to be generated by external sources, while the latter one—by internal sources. We compared spatial distribution features with well‐known case studies to reveal their nature for all three polarizations. A high inclination of Arase orbit supported a wave field‐aligned structure research. We found that toroidal waves are mostly odd harmonics and poloidal waves are both even and odd harmonics of Alfvén waves, while compressional waves were observed in a narrow equatorial region only. Different wave generation mechanisms that cause a clear difference in spatial distributions of toroidal, poloidal, and compressional waves could excite a specific wave polarization. Surprisingly, the statistics of wave polarization has a normal distribution without separate clusters. We suggest that polarization change and mode coupling processes make mixed polarization the most common type of polarization in the magnetosphere. This result raises the question of how the polarization change process affects wave‐particle interactions responsible for energy transport throughout the magnetosphere.
In Situ Observations of the Small‐Scale Dynamics at Camarinal Sill—Strait of Gibraltar
Authors: Roustan Jean‐Baptiste , Bordois Lucie , Dumas Franck , Auclair Francis , Carton Xavier 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, PROTEVS GIB20 experiment was performed in the Strait of Gibraltar. Part of this experiment was dedicated to observe the high frequency dynamics near Camarinal Sill (CS), considered as a mixing hotspot in the region. Mooring lines equipped with current profilers and temperature/salinity probes provided data which evidence two dynamical regimes depending on the tidal current intensity; in neap tide floods, local internal hydraulic control is never observed over CS while in spring tide, local internal hydraulic control depicts a tide‐dependent and spatially variable pattern. In spring tide floods, measurements revealed the development of a hydraulic jump over the sill and its advection on the lee side. Cross sill sections with CTD casts and acoustic images confirmed this dynamics and depicted a well developed hydraulic jump on the eastern flank of the sill during spring tide ebbs. The north‐south and temporal variability of the internal hydraulics was analyzed from several zonal sections over CS, the mean topographic feature of the Strait of Gibraltar. We highlighted a complex series of local hydraulic jumps constrained by topography and a significant north‐south variability. The spatiotemporal variability of local hydraulics questions the two dimensional representation of the exchange flow in the Strait of Gibraltar. During neap tide flood, the dynamics of the Mediterranean outflow was investigated from a fixed station. We imaged the development of instabilities at the interface between Atlantic and Mediterranean waters jointly with the generation of much thicker billows deeper. Finally, we discuss our findings in relation to other straits dynamics.
Atmospheric Gravity Wave and Instability Observations From the International Space Station Using the Near InfraRed Airglow Camera (NIRAC)
Authors: Hecht J. H. , Gelinas L. J. , Rudy R. J. , Walterscheid R. L. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Near Infrared Airglow Camera (NIRAC) is an imager that was deployed to the International Space Station (ISS) in May 2019. NIRAC's bandpass (1.5–1.72 microns) and field of view (∼23° × 23°) are ideal for observations of the bright OH Meinel airglow emission. NIRAC utilizes a 4‐megapixel Teledyne H2RG detector, a custom‐designed rectilinear lens, and a newly developed motion compensation system to obtain a spatial pixel‐resolution of about 83 m (66 m) at the ground (airglow layer). This design allows smear‐free, high (>50) signal to noise (S/N) imaging (of the ground or airglow layer) over the whole detector during multi‐second image acquisition times, even though the ISS is moving >7 km/s. NIRAC nominally acquires imagery at an ∼7.5 s cadence resulting in image sequences with significant overlap. These can be analyzed for wavelike features (gravity waves and instabilities) at 85 km using the relative displacement of these features as viewed from the two different viewing angles. This technique removes tropospheric cloud backgrounds and Earth background surface features that otherwise make identification of wavelike difficult in this band, an issue with remote sensing satellite instruments. Examples of imagery are presented that show how this technique can distinguish wavelike features that originate at ∼85 km from surface and tropospheric cloud features. This limited data set shows that complex wavelike dynamics are seen in the airglow directly over weather fronts. Because these regions are often cloudy and remote these dynamics have not been well‐studied.
Lipid Biosignatures From SO4‐Rich Hypersaline Lakes of the Cariboo Plateau
Authors: Nichols Floyd , Pontefract Alexandra , Dion‐Kirschner Hannah , Masterson Andrew L. , Osburn Magdalena R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractModern and ancient hypersaline brines have been identified across the solar system, but the habitability of these environments remains unknown. Here, we evaluate organic matter (OM) production in MgSO4 and Na2CO3 rich hypersaline lakes whose chemistries resemble deposits on Mars such as those identified in Jezero crater. We focus our analysis on lipid biomarkers including fatty acids, alkanes, and ether‐bound lipids in modern brines, salt deposits, and surface sediments. We also report total organic carbon (TOC), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios, and bulk OC (δ13C and δ15N) isotopes to contextualize the lipid biomarker data. In all lakes, the predominant biosignatures include midchain (12 < C < 23) fatty acids and alkanes suggesting microbial origin. Sediments also incorporate a greater diversity of lipids. Ether‐bound lipids derived from archaea and bacteria constitute a minor but measurable fraction of the lipids. This result contrasts with typical findings from other studies with NaCl brines which contain significant archeal biomass. TOC concentrations in all sediments are high, ranging from 0.7% to 12% with sulfate‐rich sediments having the highest concentrations. The isotopic and elemental compositions of TOC corroborate the biomarker results, showing δ13C values and C/N values indicative of aquatic microbial origin. This richness of organic matter and in situ microbial biosignatures differ from previously studied Cl‐dominated Mars‐analog sites which have shown limited OM production and preservation and acidic SO4‐rich hypersaline environments which were dominated by terrestrial inputs. Overall, our results suggest that MgSO4‐rich hypersaline environments are conducive for life and harbor a rich microbial biomarker landscape.
Inequalities in treatment among patients with colon and rectal cancer: a multistate survival model using data from England national cancer registry 2012–2016
Authors: Ling Suping , Luque Fernandez Miguel-Angel , Quaresma Manuela , Belot Aurelien , Rachet Bernard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividual and tumour factors only explain part of observed inequalities in colorectal cancer survival in England. This study aims to investigate inequalities in treatment in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in England between 2012 and 2016 were followed up from the date of diagnosis (state 1), to treatment (state 2), death (state 3) or censored at 1 year after the diagnosis. A multistate approach with flexible parametric model was used to investigate the effect of income deprivation on the probability of remaining alive and treated in colorectal cancer.ResultsCompared to the least deprived quintile, the most deprived with stage I–IV colorectal cancer had a lower probability of being alive and treated at all the time during follow-up, and a higher probability of being untreated and of dying. The probability differences (most vs. least deprived) of being alive and treated at 6 months ranged between −2.4% (95% CI: −4.3, −1.1) and −7.4% (−9.4, −5.3) for colon; between −2.0% (−3.5, −0.4) and −6.2% (−8.9, −3.5) for rectal cancer.ConclusionPersistent inequalities in treatment were observed in patients with colorectal cancer at every stage, due to delayed access to treatment and premature death.
Location is a major barrier for transferring US fossil fuel employment to green jobs
Authors: Lim Junghyun , Aklin Michaël , Frank Morgan R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe green energy revolution may displace 1.7 million fossil fuel workers in the US but a Just Transition to emerging green industry jobs offers possibilities for re-employing these workers. Here, using 14 years of power plant data from the US Energy Information Administration, job transition data from the Census Bureau, as well as employment and skills data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we assess whether people employed in fossil fuel resource extraction today are co-located and have the transferable skills to switch to expected green jobs. We find that these workers could leverage their mobility to other industries and have similar skills to green occupations. However, today’s fossil fuel extraction workers are not co-located with current sources of green energy production. Further, after accounting for federal employment projections, fossil fuel extraction workers are mostly not located in the regions where green employment will grow despite attaining the appropriate skillsets. These results suggest a large barrier to a Just Transition since fossil fuel extraction workers have not historically exhibited geospatial mobility. While stakeholders focus on re-skilling fossil fuel extraction workers, this analysis shows that co-location with emerging green employment will be the larger barrier to a Just Transition.
Realistic fault detection of li-ion battery via dynamical deep learning
Authors: Zhang Jingzhao , Wang Yanan , Jiang Benben , He Haowei , Huang Shaobo , Wang Chen , Zhang Yang , Han Xuebing , Guo Dongxu , He Guannan , Ouyang Minggao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAccurate evaluation of Li-ion battery (LiB) safety conditions can reduce unexpected cell failures, facilitate battery deployment, and promote low-carbon economies. Despite the recent progress in artificial intelligence, anomaly detection methods are not customized for or validated in realistic battery settings due to the complex failure mechanisms and the lack of real-world testing frameworks with large-scale datasets. Here, we develop a realistic deep-learning framework for electric vehicle (EV) LiB anomaly detection. It features a dynamical autoencoder tailored for dynamical systems and configured by social and financial factors. We test our detection algorithm on released datasets comprising over 690,000 LiB charging snippets from 347 EVs. Our model overcomes the limitations of state-of-the-art fault detection models, including deep learning ones. Moreover, it reduces the expected direct EV battery fault and inspection costs. Our work highlights the potential of deep learning in improving LiB safety and the significance of social and financial information in designing deep learning models.
Synergistic effects of mixing and strain in high entropy spinel oxides for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Baek Jihyun , Hossain Md Delowar , Mukherjee Pinaki , Lee Junghwa , Winther Kirsten T. , Leem Juyoung , Jiang Yue , Chueh William C. , Bajdich Michal , Zheng Xiaolin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeveloping stable and efficient electrocatalysts is vital for boosting oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates in sustainable hydrogen production. High-entropy oxides (HEOs) consist of five or more metal cations, providing opportunities to tune their catalytic properties toward high OER efficiency. This work combines theoretical and experimental studies to scrutinize the OER activity and stability for spinel-type HEOs. Density functional theory confirms that randomly mixed metal sites show thermodynamic stability, with intermediate adsorption energies displaying wider distributions due to mixing-induced equatorial strain in active metal-oxygen bonds. The rapid sol-flame method is employed to synthesize HEO, comprising five 3d-transition metal cations, which exhibits superior OER activity and durability under alkaline conditions, outperforming lower-entropy oxides, even with partial surface oxidations. The study highlights that the enhanced activity of HEO is primarily attributed to the mixing of multiple elements, leading to strain effects near the active site, as well as surface composition and coverage.
Maintenance of pluripotency-like signature in the entire ectoderm leads to neural crest stem cell potential
Authors: Pajanoja Ceren , Hsin Jenny , Olinger Bradley , Schiffmacher Andrew , Yazejian Rita , Abrams Shaun , Dapkunas Arvydas , Zainul Zarin , Doyle Andrew D. , Martin Daniel , Kerosuo Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe ability of the pluripotent epiblast to contribute progeny to all three germ layers is thought to be lost after gastrulation. The later-forming neural crest (NC) rises from ectoderm and it remains poorly understood how its exceptionally high stem-cell potential to generate mesodermal- and endodermal-like derivatives is obtained. Here, we monitor transcriptional changes from gastrulation to neurulation using single-cell-Multiplex-Spatial-Transcriptomics (scMST) complemented with RNA-sequencing. We show maintenance of pluripotency-like signature (Nanog, Oct4/PouV, Klf4-positive) in undecided pan-ectodermal stem-cells spanning the entire ectoderm late during neurulation with ectodermal patterning completed only at the end of neurulation when the pluripotency-like signature becomes restricted to NC, challenging our understanding of gastrulation. Furthermore, broad ectodermal pluripotency-like signature is found at multiple axial levels unrelated to the NC lineage the cells later commit to, suggesting a general role in stemness enhancement and proposing a mechanism by which the NC acquires its ability to form derivatives beyond “ectodermal-capacity” in chick and mouse embryos.
A subset of type-II collagen-binding antibodies prevents experimental arthritis by inhibiting FCGR3 signaling in neutrophils
Authors: Xu Zhongwei , Xu Bingze , Lundström Susanna L. , Moreno-Giró Àlex , Zhao Danxia , Martin Myriam , Lönnblom Erik , Li Qixing , Krämer Alexander , Ge Changrong , Cheng Lei , Liang Bibo , Tong Dongmei , Stawikowska Roma , Blom Anna M. , Fields Gregg B. , Zubarev Roman A. , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves several classes of pathogenic autoantibodies, some of which react with type-II collagen (COL2) in articular cartilage. We previously described a subset of COL2 antibodies targeting the F4 epitope (ERGLKGHRGFT) that could be regulatory. Here, using phage display, we developed recombinant antibodies against this epitope and examined the underlying mechanism of action. One of these antibodies, R69-4, protected against cartilage antibody- and collagen-induced arthritis in mice, but not autoimmune disease models independent of arthritogenic autoantibodies. R69-4 was further shown to cross-react with a large range of proteins within the inflamed synovial fluid, such as the complement protein C1q. Complexed R69-4 inhibited neutrophil FCGR3 signaling, thereby impairing downstream IL-1β secretion and neutrophil self-orchestrated recruitment. Likewise, human isotypes of R69-4 protected against arthritis with comparable efficiency. We conclude that R69-4 abrogates autoantibody-mediated arthritis mainly by hindering FCGR3 signaling, highlighting its potential clinical utility in acute RA.
Large-scale capture of hidden fluorescent labels for training generalizable markerless motion capture models
Authors: Butler Daniel J. , Keim Alexander P. , Ray Shantanu , Azim Eiman 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDeep learning-based markerless tracking has revolutionized studies of animal behavior. Yet the generalizability of trained models tends to be limited, as new training data typically needs to be generated manually for each setup or visual environment. With each model trained from scratch, researchers track distinct landmarks and analyze the resulting kinematic data in idiosyncratic ways. Moreover, due to inherent limitations in manual annotation, only a sparse set of landmarks are typically labeled. To address these issues, we developed an approach, which we term GlowTrack, for generating orders of magnitude more training data, enabling models that generalize across experimental contexts. We describe: a) a high-throughput approach for producing hidden labels using fluorescent markers; b) a multi-camera, multi-light setup for simulating diverse visual conditions; and c) a technique for labeling many landmarks in parallel, enabling dense tracking. These advances lay a foundation for standardized behavioral pipelines and more complete scrutiny of movement.
Structural basis for calcium-stimulating pore formation of Vibrio α-hemolysin
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chuan , Yeh Min-Chi , Wang Chun-Hsiung , Chen Yu-An , Chang Hsiang , Lin Han-You , Ho Meng-Chiao , Lin Shih-Ming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractVibrio α-hemolysins (αHLs) are β-pore-forming toxins secreted by Vibrio pathogens, crucial for the facilitation of bacterial infections through host cell lysis. These toxins are produced as inactive precursors, requiring proteolytic maturation and membrane association for activation within host tissues. Here, we investigate Vibrio campbellii αHL (VcαHL), and establish that its hemolytic activity is significantly stimulated by calcium ions, with an EC50 that aligns with physiological calcium concentrations. Furthermore, we illustrate the vital contribution of calcium ions to the oligomerization of VcαHL on membranes. Using X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, we decipher both the immature and assembled structures of VcαHL and elucidate the conformational changes corresponding to toxin assembly. We also identify a calcium-binding module that is integral for VcαHL’s calcium-dependent activation. These findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanisms of VcαHL and have the potential to inform the development of targeted therapeutic strategies against Vibrio infections.