bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractory Helicobacter pylori infection in Australia: updated multicentre antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Schubert Jonathon P. , Ingram Paul R. , Warner Morgyn S. , Rayner Christopher K. , Roberts‐Thomson Ian C. , Costello Samuel P. , Bryant Robert V. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori infection is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide and eradication rates are falling globally because of increasing antimicrobial resistance. However, there is a paucity of local data to guide the choice of eradication therapy in Australia. This study aimed to evaluate current Australian rates of H. pylori antibiotic resistance in patients who had failed prior eradication therapy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of routine culture and antibiotic susceptibility data from two pathology laboratories servicing multiple tertiary referral hospitals in Western Australia (WA) and South Australia (SA), between 2018 and 2022, was performed. Rates of antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of multiresistant isolates in both SA and WA were calculated and comparison of temporal trends and differences between the two states was conducted.ResultsA total of 796 H. pylori isolates revealed a clarithromycin resistance rate of 82%, metronidazole 68%, amoxicillin 4.4% and tetracycline 0.5%. Resistance to levofloxacin was observed in 22% and rifampicin 14%. Rates of resistance to clarithromycin were lower in SA compared with WA (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 0.69, P = 0.0001). Multiresistant isolates were discovered in 63% of patients, with lower rates in SA compared with WA (IRR: 0.74, P = 0.002).ConclusionThis first multicentre, multistate study of H. pylori resistance in Australian patients exposed to prior therapy demonstrated high rates of antimicrobial resistance, including levofloxacin (>20%). This raises concern about recommending levofloxacin in empirical second‐line therapies. Increased monitoring and awareness of current H. pylori resistance rates in Australia are needed to guide local eradication practices.
Barriers and enablers to the implementation of Safewards and the alignment to the i‐PARIHS framework – A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Björkdahl Anna , Johansson Ulf , Kjellin Lars , Pelto‐Piri Veikko 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInpatient mental healthcare settings should offer safe environments for patients to heal and recover and for staff to provide high‐quality treatment and care. However, aggressive patient behaviour, unengaged staff approaches, and the use of restrictive practices are frequently reported. The Safewards model includes ten interventions that aim to prevent conflict and containment. The model has shown promising results but at the same time often presents challenges to successful implementation strategies. The aim of this study was to review qualitative knowledge on staff experiences of barriers and enablers to the implementation of Safewards, from the perspective of implementation science and the i‐PARIHS framework. A search of the Web of Science, ASSIA, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases resulted in 10 articles. A deductive framework analysis approach was used to identify barriers and enablers and the alignment to the i‐PARIHS. Data most represented by the i‐PARIHS were related to the following: local‐level formal and informal leadership support, innovation degree of fit with existing practice and values, and recipients' values and beliefs. This indicates that if a ward or organization wants to implement Safewards and direct limited resources to only a few implementation determinants, these three may be worth considering. Data representing levels of external health system and organizational contexts were rare. In contrast, data relating to local (ward)‐level contexts was highly represented which may reflect Safewards's focus on quality improvement strategies on a local rather than organizational level.
The effect of triclosan‐coated sutures on the incidence of surgical site infection in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, laparoscopic appendicectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A multi‐centre, double‐blind, randomized, intra‐individual study
Authors: Erfan Moatasem A. , Thabet El Ashraf M. , Rageh Mahmoud A. , Mohy Sara M. , El Wardany Ibrahim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSurgical site infection (SSI) is a common cause of post‐operative morbidity. According to the latest report announced by CDC, the SSI accounts for 20% of healthcare‐associated infection with a high risk of mortality up to twofold to 11‐fold increase with high economic burden for the prolonged hospital stay. Port site infection (PSI) is a subgroup of SSI occurring at the ports of laparoscopy. We tried to determine the efficacy of polyglactin 910 suture coated with triclosan in lowering the rate of PSI in some of the clean‐contaminated wound surgeries. This study included 480 individuals eligible for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendicectomy or sleeve operations. Polyglactin 910 sutures coated with triclosan were used in one port site incision while polyglactin 910 sutures were used in the other port sites incisions. In patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendicectomy, the incidence of PSI was significantly lower in the triclosan‐coated sutures. In sleeve gastrectomy patients, although a lower number of triclosan‐coated sutures developed PSI, there was no statistically significant difference between triclosan and non‐triclosan‐coated sutures. This study showed that using sutures coated with antiseptics like triclosan has clinical benefits to prevent SSIs in most of the laparoscopic surgeries.
Development of ethical conflict scale for nurses in extraordinary circumstances and psychometric testing
Authors: Çiriş Yıldız Cennet , Yildirim Dilek , Ergin Emine , Korkmaz Irem , Coşkun Zeynep 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Ethical Conflict Scale for Nurses in Extraordinary Circumstances (ECSNEC).DesignThis study is designed to develop and validate an instrument.MethodsThere are four basic steps in the development process of ECSNEC: (1) establishment of the conceptual framework, (2) creation of the item pool, (3) preliminary evaluation and (4) psychometric evaluation. The data were gathered from 519 nurses who worked in two different hospitals operating in Istanbul between June 2022 and October 2022.ResultsThe scale had good content validity. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three‐factor construct which explained 47.31% of the total variance in the measured variable. The corresponding construct was confirmed by the confirmatory factor analysis. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than .60 for all dimensions. The test–retest reliability coefficient value of the scale was 0.90.ConclusionECSNEC is a valid and reliable tool to determine the ethical conflict experienced by nurses in extraordinary circumstances.ImpactThe established scale allows the identification of factors influencing the ethical challenges nurses face in extraordinary circumstances. Thus, policies can be developed to prevent such ethical conflicts.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
The iceberg of genomics: New perspectives in the use of genomics and epigenetics in oncology nursing clinical reasoning. A discursive paper
Authors: Milani Alessandra , Misurelli Eliana , Bottaccioli Anna Giulia , Bottaccioli Francesco , Lacapra Silvana , Ciccarelli Chiara , Magon Giorgio , Mazzocco Ketti 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundAlthough, there is a wealth of information in the medical literature on the usefulness of genomic testing in assessing risk and its application in medical oncology decision making, there are no theoretical reflections in the nursing field.AimTo understand the implications of molecular biology in nursing practice and highlight the role of Nursing Theory in guiding nurses’ reasoning.Materials and MethodsSearching literature published between 2000 and 2022 in Medline and Google Scholar. Scientific evidence was analysed by the authors expert in different fields.ResultsBased on the findings of the literature, concerns have been raised about the proper care of cancer patients who have a genomic risk profile determination. In particular, the absence of theoretical thinking and conceptual models that consider developments in molecular biology and their impact on nursing, in addition to the prevalence of heuristic thinking and the application of clinical patterns in nursing practice, could induce patient misjudgement with inadequate planning of preventive, curative, rehabilitative and educational nursing interventions. Nurses working in the field of oncology should be aware that the risk profile determined by genomics tests is merely the visible and stated portion of the cancer patient: the tip of iceberg.DiscussionThis study demonstrates how genomic testing takes into account a fraction of genes discovered in tumour tissue to establish a risk profile. This subset differs, for example, from the social genome, which can determine the risk of dementia, cancer and cardiovascular disease, but in response to social adversity. Nursing theory, which views the environment as a metaparadigm, must consider a conceptual model that can integrate the findings of genomic testing with recommendations from studies on the social genome of humans to make it easier to build nursing treatments that can better reduce these risks.ConclusionA nursing theoretical discourse on genomics is a paramount requirement for developing effective nursing care.
The oral protective efficacy of magnolol against Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii infection via enhancing anti‐inflammatory ability in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Li Jing , Wang Gaoxue , Ling Fei 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii are widespread and important critical pathogenic bacteria in the aquaculture industry and cause severe economic damage. At present, magnolol has been proved to be a broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity, such as A. hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans. In order to explore the cause of in vivo disease resistance of magnolol and promote its safe application in aquaculture, the pathological detection and changes in immune indicators of fish after feeding with magnolol were conducted in this paper. Results showed that the diets supplemented with magnolol (3 g magnolol/kg commercial feed) significantly increase the expression level of anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐10, TGF‐β and IL‐4) in the liver of goldfish (p < .05). Additionally, the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐8 and IFN‐γ) did not increase significantly. Subsequently, this study investigated the resistance of goldfish to A. hydrophila and A. veronii infection after feeding with magnolol. The results showed that the survival rates of treatment groups fed 3 g magnolol/kg commercial feed daily increased by 23.1% and 38.5% after 10 days post A. hydrophila and A. veronii (p = .0351) infection, respectively. Meanwhile, growth performance (body weight and length), major internal organs (liver, spleen, kidney and intestine) and the serum biochemistry indicators (ATL and AST) all exhibited no significant adverse effects after the goldfish fed with magnolol for 30 days. TP showed an increasing concentration in the treatment group (p < .05). Results of the mRNA expression of stress response indicated that the expression level of cyp1a and hsp70 was significantly down‐regulated after a 30‐day treatment (p < .05), and the two genes recovered to the similar level as the control group after a commercial feed diet. In brief, the diets supplemented with magnolol protected the host from the excessive immune response caused by A. hydrophila and A. veronii via enhancing its anti‐inflammatory capacity and had no adverse effects with feeding.
Ultrasound and enzyme‐pretreated extraction for the valorization of pea pod proteins
Authors: Karabulut Gulsah , Yildiz Semanur , Karaca Asli Can , Yemiş Oktay 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPea pod (PP) is an agricultural by‐product with 10%–13% protein content which has a potential to be converted to value‐added ingredients. In this study, different protein extraction strategies including three different solvents (water, salt, and alkaline) and two different pretreatments (ultrasound [US] and enzyme such as pectinase and Viscozyme®) before conventional alkaline extraction were employed to maximize the extraction yield. The US‐pretreated alkaline extraction achieved the highest yield (21.1%) in protein extracts under optimum conditions (30% amplitude for 5 min). PP protein concentrates showed significant differences in solubility, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein patterns, scanning electron microscopy images, and color depending on the applied extraction method. All PP residues after extraction still remained protein (5.2–8.0 g/100 g) regardless of the extraction techniques, representing the challenges in protein extraction from agricultural by‐products with a lignocellulosic matrix. The combined use of US and enzyme treatments should be further investigated for higher extraction yields.Practical ApplicationsAgricultural wastes and by‐products could be potential protein sources; however, their lignocellulosic structure could be challenging for protein extraction. In the current study, different extraction strategies including ultrasound (US) and enzyme pretreatments were performed for the extraction of proteins from pea pods which is an agro‐industrial by‐product. Results suggest that US pretreatment may have promising applications for the extraction of valuable compounds from agricultural and industrial by‐products, contributing to sustainable food processing strategies.
Malnutrition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Zainul Omar , Perry Danny , Pan Michael , Lau Jennifer , Zarzuela Kate , Kim Ryan , Konerman Matthew C. , Hummel Scott L. , Goyal Parag 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundMalnutrition may be an important geriatric condition in adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but studies on its prevalence and associated clinical outcomes are limited. The aim of this study was to determine if malnutrition is associated with short‐term morbidity and mortality in ambulatory patients with HFpEF.MethodsWe examined 231 patients with a clinical diagnosis of HFpEF seen at two dedicated academic HFpEF programs (Weill Cornell Medicine and Michigan Medicine) from June 2018 to April 2022. Malnutrition was defined by Mini‐Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA‐SF) scores ≤11. The primary endpoint was a 6‐month composite of all‐cause mortality and all‐cause hospitalization. A Cox proportional‐hazard models was used to examine the association between malnutrition and the primary endpoint, adjusting for race, prior hospitalization history, and the validated Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic (MAGGIC) heart failure prognostic risk score.ResultsThe median age of the cohort was 73 years (interquartile range 64–81). The most common comorbid conditions included hypertension (prevalence 81%), atrial fibrillation (43%), and obesity (63%). The prevalence of malnutrition was 42% (n = 97), and MNA‐SF scores did not significantly correlate with body mass index (R = −0.02, p = 0.71). At the 6‐month follow‐up, 62 patients (26.8%) were hospitalized and four patients died (1.7%). In a fully‐adjusted analysis, malnutrition was independently associated with the composite outcome of all‐cause mortality and all‐cause hospitalization (HR 1.94 [95% CI: 1.17–3.20], p = 0.01).ConclusionDespite a high prevalence of obesity, two out of five ambulatory adults with HFpEF are malnourished. Malnutrition was independently associated with adverse outcomes at 6 months. Future work is necessary to develop interventions that can address malnutrition.
Providing Inclusive Midwifery Care for 2SLGBTQQIA+ People: Supporting Inclusion in Ontario's Midwifery Education Program
Authors: Murdock Melanie 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionResearch on how midwives in North America are trained to provide inclusive care to Two Spirited, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning, Intersex, or Asexual (2SLGBTQQIA+) clients is limited. The objective of this study was to define 2SLGBTQQIA+ inclusive midwifery care in the Canadian context and to explore the experiences of graduates of Ontario's Midwifery Education Program (MEP) to determine how midwives are trained to provide inclusive care.MethodsEthics approval was obtained for this qualitative study to perform semistructured interviews with graduates from the MEP hosted by McMaster, Toronto Metropolitan, and Laurentian University. Eleven midwives were recruited and were required to be (1) graduates of Ontario's MEP, (2) registered midwives under the College of Midwives of Ontario or elsewhere, (3) currently practicing or on leave, and (4) self‐identified advocates for 2SLGBTQQIA+ individuals.ResultsWhen defining 2SLGBTQQIA+ inclusive care, midwives described the following principles: using inclusive language, changing the clinical environment, amending documents and websites, and tailoring care for each client. Participants recognized recent efforts by Ontario's MEP to provide 2SLGBTQQIA+ inclusive education while highlighting the need to expand 2SLGBTQQIA+ content across all courses, practicing inclusive care during placement, and ensuring an inclusive environment in the program.DiscussionMidwives in this study helped conceptualize inclusive midwifery care for 2SLGBTQQIA+ clients and underlined remaining gaps in Ontario's MEP toward providing student midwives with this competency by graduation. This study helped to fill a gap in the literature on how Canadian midwives are trained to provide 2SLGBTQQIA+ inclusive care and generated recommendations for Ontario's MEP to support prelicensure education that trains inclusive midwives. Having demonstrated gaps in how birth workers are trained to provide 2SLGBTQQIA+ inclusive care, this study points to the need for other prelicensure health professional programs to evaluate their training and to support 2SLGBTQQIA+ inclusive practice.
Household Liquidity Constraints and Labor Market Outcomes: Evidence from a Danish Mortgage Reform
Authors: HE ALEX XI , MAIRE DANIEL LE 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTWe study the causal effect of liquidity constraints on individual labor market outcomes by exploiting the 1992 mortgage reform in Denmark, which for the first time allowed homeowners to borrow against housing equity for nonhousing purposes. Following the reform, liquidity‐constrained homeowners increased debt levels and had higher earnings growth and lower employment rates. The option to borrow against housing equity enabled liquidity‐constrained individuals to move to high‐wage jobs and invest in valuable human and physical capital. The results imply that relaxing household liquidity constraints during recessions can create better job matches, potentially increasing earnings and output in the longer run.
The doubly disadvantaged: The motherhood penalty for internal migrants in China
Authors: Kong Siyang , Dong Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines hourly earnings differentials among internal migrants in urban China according to motherhood status and child coresidence. It also contemplates the potential mediation of family support and flexible work arrangements.BackgroundExisting research has primarily studied the general population of working mothers, most of whom co‐reside with their children and enjoy access to childcare support from local institutions. Our knowledge remains limited regarding international and internal migrant mothers, a large and vulnerable group that often suffers institutional segregation. Moreover, some migrant mothers leave children behind, while others do not; this fact helps us transcend the dichotomous mother/non‐mother distinction to better understand the nuances between theoretical explanations of motherhood status (being a mother) and childcare obligation effects that are otherwise intertwined in the general population.MethodThis study analyzed a representative sample of 41,996 internal married migrant women in China in 2015. Propensity score weighting methods were used to account for potential selection based on a rich set of confounders. Structural equation models were applied for mediation analysis.ResultsInternal migrant mothers in China are disadvantaged in hourly earnings, particularly those who live with their children. Living with the spouse or parents (‐in‐law) does not mediate the motherhood penalty, but working part‐time and self‐employment do.ConclusionThis study reveals an additional disadvantage for migrant mothers apart from the well‐known difficulties that confront Chinese internal migrants because of institutional segregation. These doubly disadvantaged mothers deserve public attention and policy interventions to attain a family‐friendly employment environment.
miR‐19a may function as a biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by regulating the signaling pathway of miR‐19a/GRK6/GPCRs/PKC in a Chinese population
Authors: Chen Jijun , Wang Liang , Ma Danhua , Zhang He , Fan Jiayan , Gao Hongyan , Xia Xinyu , Wu Wei , Shi Yuyuan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of miR‐19a as a biomarker of OSCC and its underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsWe collected serum and saliva samples from 66 OSCC patients and 66 healthy control subjects. Real‐time PCR analysis, bioinformatic analysis and luciferase assays were performed to establish a potential signaling pathway of miR‐19a/GRK6/GPCRs/PKC. Flowcytometry and Transwell assays were performed to observe the changes in cell apoptosis, metastasis and invasion.ResultsWe found that miR‐19a, GPR39 mRNA and PKC mRNA were upregulated while GRK6 mRNA was downregulated in the serum and saliva samples collected from OSCC patients. Moreover, in silico analysis confirmed a potential binding site of miR‐19a on the 3′UTR of GRK6 mRNA, and the subsequent luciferase assays confirmed the molecular binding between GRK6 and miR‐19a. We further identified that the over‐expression of miR‐19a could regulate the signaling between GRK6, GPR39 and PKC via the signaling pathway of miR‐19a/GRK6/GPR39/PKC, which accordingly resulted in suppressed cell apoptosis and promoted cell migration and invasion.ConclusionCollectively, the findings of our study propose that miR‐19a is a crucial mediator in the advancement of OSCC, offering a potential avenue for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions aimed at regulating GRK6 and its downstream signaling pathways.
Despondent superheroes and cosmic horror: Posthumanism and antihumanism in Jack Kirby's cosmic mythos
Authors: Costello Matthew J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe breakdown of cultural categories in the 1960s was perceived as liberating, but by the 1970s Americans increasingly felt uneasy and directionless. The liminality of social categories was evident in popular culture, such as superhero comics. Examining how Jack Kirby melded superhero and cosmic horror tropes in the Fantastic Four, Fourth World, and Eternals series reveals how Kirby's work initially celebrated human significance but increasingly decentered humans from his narratives. The challenge to cultural and genre boundaries that seemed liberating in the 1960s, left people anomic and directionless by the mid‐1970s, replacing posthumanist optimism with anti‐humanist pessimism.