bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of diffusion-weighted imaging for differentiation of phyllodes tumor from fibroadenoma and breast cancer
Authors: Fang Jinzhi , Zhang Yuzhong , Li Ruifeng , Liang Lanlan , Yu Juan , Hu Ziqi , Zhou Lingling , Liu Renwei 
Published: March 2023

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for differentiating breast tumors.MethodsThe medical records of 17 patients with phyllodes tumor [PT; circular regions of interest (ROI-cs) n = 171], 74 patients with fibroadenomas (FAs; ROI-cs, n = 94), and 57 patients with breast cancers (BCs; ROI-cs, n = 104) confirmed by surgical pathology were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThere were significant differences between PTs, FAs, and BCs in ADCmean, ADCmax, and ADCmin values. The cutoff ADCmean for differentiating PTs from FAs was 1.435 × 10−3 mm2/s, PTs from BCs was 1.100 × 10−3 mm2/s, and FAs from BCs was 0.925 × 10−3 mm2/s. There were significant differences between benign PTs, borderline PTs, and malignant PTs in ADCmean, ADCmax, and ADCmin values. The cutoff ADCmean for differentiating benign PTs from borderline PTs was 1.215 × 10−3 mm2/s, and borderline PTs from malignant PTs was 1.665 × 10−3 mm2/s.ConclusionDWI provides quantitative information that can help distinguish breast tumors.
China’s drug clinical trial institution record-keeping system: Qualification requirements for PI are the key
Authors: Huang Nanqu , Huang Wendi , Luo Yong , Huang Juan 
Published: March 2023

It has been 3 years since China implemented new management regulations for drug clinical trial institutions in December 2019, the most important of which is to change the qualification recognition of drug clinical trial institutions into record-keeping system. The original intention of the institution record-keeping system was to solve the shortage of clinical trial resources in China, effectively expand the number of clinical trial institutions, and effectively alleviate the contradiction between medical treatment and scientific research. After implementing the record-keeping system, although these goals have been achieved to a certain extent, there are still areas worthy of optimization and improvement. Therefore, we evaluated the new process, in particular the requirements, in order to see what possible barriers in the record-keeping system of institutions. We find that the requirements for principal investigator (PI) qualifications are the key to the record-keeping system. This reflects the shift of Chinese regulators’ supervision of clinical trials to supervision of the ability to conduct clinical trials. However, the ambiguity of the definition of PI qualification has hindered implementation of the record-keeping system and reduced the release of clinical trial resources.
Pharmacokinetic study of Strongylocentrotus nudus egg polysaccharide in rats and beagles using a 3H-labeling method
Authors: Xing Han , Zhu Xiaojie , Liao Jianmin , Kong Ying , Lu Yayuan , Zhao Di , Li Ning , Chen Xijing , Qin Zhiying 
Published: March 2023

Strongylocentrotus nudus egg polysaccharide (SEP) extracted from sea urchins has potential anticancer activity. However, little is known about its pharmacokinetic properties. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of SEP, it was radiolabeled with tritium. Furthermore, a sensitive, selective, and rapid liquid scintillation counter (LSC) method for quantifying 3H-SEP in biological matrix was validated. The lower quantification limit of the method was 4 Bq. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the intra- and inter-day precision were &lt;3.0% and &lt;3.9%, respectively. 3H-SEP was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of SEP after intravenous administration of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg (40 μCi/kg) in rats and 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg (6 μCi/kg) in beagles. The AUC(0-t) of SEP at three different doses was 487.81 ± 39.99 mg/L*h, 1,003.10 ± 95.94 mg/L*h, and 2,188.84 ± 137.73 mg/L*h in rats and 144.12 ± 3.78 mg/L*h, 322.62 ± 28.03 mg/L*h, and 754.17 ± 37.79 mg/L*h in beagles. The terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) of SEP was longer in beagles (204.29 ± 139.34 h) than in rats (35.48 ± 6.04 h). The concentration of SEP in plasma declined rapidly in both rats and beagles. All the study results provide detailed pharmacokinetic profiles of SEP in two kinds of animals, which will be helpful for further development.
The impact of pharmacist early active consultation (PEAC) on multidrug resistance organism treatment outcomes: A prospective historically controlled study
Authors: Du Qian , Xi Xin , Dong Jie , Zhang Tongyan , Li Dongxuan , Dong Yuzhu , Li Wenjun , Huang Guili , Zhu Jun , Ran Hailong , Gou Jinghui , Chen Cheng , Bai Zhanfeng , Liu Qinglong , Yao Wei , Zhang Lei , Bi Yutian , Liu Songqing 
Published: March 2023

Background and aim: Infectious disease (ID) consultation can improve multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) treatment outcomes. However, the impact of clinical pharmacists’ ID consultation on MDRO therapy, especially early initiation, has not been reported. In this study, we try to explore the impact of the pharmacist early active consultation (PEAC) on MDRO patient management.Methods: We conducted a prospective historical controlled study based on PEAC in MDRO patients. The retrospective control group was patients hospitalized 18 months before the PEAC initiation, and the prospective PEAC group was patients hospitalized 18 months after the PEAC initiation. Primary endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were MDRO clinical outcome, duration of antibiotic use, length of stay, antibiotic consumption and antibiotic costs. Further subgroup analysis of secondary outcomes was performed by the condition at admission, MDRO pathogenicity and MDRO clinical outcome.Results: 188 MDRO patients were included. After adjusting for potential predictors, PEAC reduced the 30-day all-cause mortality by 70% (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.09–0.96, p = 0.042). PEAC group had clinical improvement than control group (89.47% vs. 65.59%, p &lt; 0.001), especially in patients with non-severe clinical conditions at admission (98.41% vs. 70.18%, p &lt; 0.001). However, no significant differences were found between groups in length of stay, antibiotics consumption, and antibiotics costs.Conclusion: Early active pharmacy ID consultation can reduce 30-day all-cause mortality and improve clinical outcomes in MDRO patients.
Integrating network pharmacology prediction and experimental investigation to verify ginkgetin anti-invasion and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells via the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail and Wnt/β-catenin pathway
Authors: Liu Kaile , Fu Xiaojie , Wang Zhongqi , Yang Lian , Yang Jia , Deng Haibin 
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Lung cancer, one of the most frequent malignancies, has a high death rate and an increased number of new cases globally. Ginkgo biloba has been used for many years in the treatment of lung cancer. Ginkgetin is the key active ingredient extracted from Ginkgo biloba. However, the mechanism by which ginkgetin inhibits the invasive metastasis of lung cancer is unclear.Methods: We used a network pharmacology approach to obtain the molecular mechanism by which ginkgetin inhibits lung cancer metastasis. Then we analyzed potential target proteins between ginkgetin and lung cancer. Finally, we validated with molecular docking and experimental validation.Results: By analyzing the intersecting genes of lung cancer and ginkgetin, there were 79 intersecting genes, which were mainly involved in the positive regulation of cell migration, with the cancer pathway being one of the most enriched pathways. The results of in vitro experiments showed that GK had a large inhibitory effect on cell invasion and metastasis of A549 and H1299. In vivo animals GK had a great inhibitory effect on metastasis of LLC.Conclusion: This study identified the potential related GK molecular targets and signaling pathways in treating human lung cancer using network pharmacological approaches. Experiments confirmed that GK inhibits the Akt/GSK-3β/Snail and Wnt/β-catenin cascade initiation in A549, H1299 and LLC cells, preventing metastasis. This study’s results align with the hypotheses derived from the network pharmacology analysis.
Flexible beam delivery of ultrafast laser through vacuum-pumped anti-resonant hollow-core fiber
Authors: Cai Yiming , Mai Yifan , Xiang Shen , Shi Jianhong , Zhu Qixin , Li Rong , Li Jinyan , Li Cheng , Yan Dapeng , Xing Yingbin 
Published: March 2023

We demonstrate the transmission of a 100 MW-peak-power ultrafast laser through a 5-m anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF) with a pumpable armored tube for air exhaust. The AR-HCF consists of a 45-μm-hollow-core and seven untouched capillaries with an attenuation of 0.11 dB/m measured at a wavelength of 1030 nm. We investigate the effect of air-filling and vacuum pumping on transmission efficiency and pulse distortion. The comparison reveals the importance of controlling air concentration in hollow-core fibers (HCFs) for achieving high transmission efficiency and pulse quality. With the suppression of air concentration, the transmission efficiency increases from 61% to 72%, and pulse distortion is effectively controlled. The results demonstrate the potential of AR-HCFs for high-power ultrafast laser delivery systems for various applications. The pumpable armored tube design provides a simple and effective solution to suppress self-phase modulation (SPM) and enable flexible beam delivery.
Temporal dynamics of the cecal and litter microbiome of chickens raised in two separate broiler houses
Authors: Zwirzitz Benjamin , Oladeinde Adelumola , Johnson Jasmine , Zock Gregory , Milfort Marie C. , Fuller Alberta Lorraine , Ghareeb Ahmed F. A. , Foutz James C. , Teran Jose Alexis , Woyda Reed , Abdo Zaid , Looft Torey , Lawrence Jodie Plumblee , Cudnik Denice , Aggrey Samuel E. 
Published: March 2023

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the ceca and litter microbiome of chickens from post-hatch through pre-harvest. To achieve this, six hundred one-day old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were raised on floor pens for 49 days in two separate houses. We performed short-read and full-length sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene present in the meconium and in cecal and litter samples collected over the duration of the study. In addition, we determined the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotype of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolated from the meconium and the ceca of 49-day old chickens. We monitored the relative humidity, temperature, and ammonia in each house daily and the pH and moisture of litter samples weekly. The overall microbial community structure of the ceca and litter consistently changed throughout the course of the grow-out and correlated with some of the environmental parameters measured (p &lt; 0.05). We found that the ceca and litter microbiome were similar in the two houses at the beginning of the experiment, but over time, the microbial community separated and differed between the houses. When we compared the environmental parameters in the two houses, we found no significant differences in the first half of the growth cycle (day 0–21), but morning temperature, morning humidity, and ammonia significantly differed (p &lt; 0.05) between the two houses from day 22–49. Lastly, the prevalence of AMR in cecal E. coli isolates differed from meconium isolates (p &lt; 0.001), while the AMR phenotype of cecal Enterococcus isolates differed between houses (p &lt; 0.05).
Validation of the self-compassion scale in a sample of Italian special needs teacher
Authors: Ragni Benedetta , Sulla Francesco , Toto Giusi Antonia , Limone Pierpaolo 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSpecial needs teachers deliver crucial care to their students by showing a particular attitude toward them. However, they usually face stressful situations that negatively impact their capacity to support their students, often reporting higher levels of burnout compared to teachers from mainstream education. Self-compassion has been seen to function as a protective factor against teacher stress, enhancing their resilience and coping abilities.MethodsThe current study aimed to evaluate the factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the Self-compassion Scale (SCS) in a sample of Italian special needs teachers (R1). In addition, it was investigated whether the satisfactory internal reliability of the SCS is confirmed (R2). Finally, the validity of the SCS criterion was assessed, assuming that each of its subscales would be related to anxiety, measured with GAD-7, and with resilience, measured with the BRS (R3). A sample of 629 teachers was enrolled in this study and completed an online questionnaire.ResultsOverall, the confirmatory factor analysis showed good or acceptable indices of fit to the data supporting the use of SCS to measure self-compassion in Italian special needs teachers.DiscussionThe tool could be helpful for future research to start exploring the self-compassion dimension at school as a protective factor that may foster teachers’ and, consequently, students’ well-being.
How social media expression can reveal personality
Authors: Han Nuo , Li Sijia , Huang Feng , Wen Yeye , Su Yue , Li Linyan , Liu Xiaoqian , Zhu Tingshao 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundPersonality psychology studies personality and its variation among individuals and is an essential branch of psychology. In recent years, machine learning research related to personality assessment has started to focus on the online environment and showed outstanding performance in personality assessment. However, the aspects of the personality of these prediction models measure remain unclear because few studies focus on the interpretability of personality prediction models. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a machine learning model with domain knowledge introduced to enhance accuracy and improve interpretability.MethodsStudy participants were recruited via an online experiment platform. After excluding unqualified participants and downloading the Weibo posts of eligible participants, we used six psycholinguistic and mental health-related lexicons to extract textual features. Then the predictive personality model was developed using the multi-objective extra trees method based on 3,411 pairs of social media expression and personality trait scores. Subsequently, the prediction model’s validity and reliability were evaluated, and each lexicon’s feature importance was calculated. Finally, the interpretability of the machine learning model was discussed.ResultsThe features from Culture Value Dictionary were found to be the most important predictors. The fivefold cross-validation results regarding the prediction model for personality traits ranged between 0.44 and 0.48 (p &lt; 0.001). The correlation coefficients of five personality traits between the two “split-half” datasets data ranged from 0.84 to 0.88 (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the model performed well in terms of contractual validity.ConclusionBy introducing domain knowledge to the development of a machine learning model, this study not only ensures the reliability and validity of the prediction model but also improves the interpretability of the machine learning method. The study helps explain aspects of personality measured by such prediction models and finds a link between personality and mental health. Our research also has positive implications regarding the combination of machine learning approaches and domain knowledge in the field of psychiatry and its applications to mental health.
Safety and effectiveness of vortioxetine for major depressive disorder: Real-world evidence from a population-based study in South Korea
Authors: Moon Seok Woo , Kim Jee Wook , Kim Do Hoon , Lee Kyu Young , Reines Elin Heldbo , Lee Minah , Park Yoo Jin 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundA post-marketing surveillance study was conducted to assess the real-world safety and effectiveness of vortioxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in South Korea.MethodsAdult patients aged 19–94 years receiving vortioxetine for MDD at 72 hospitals and clinics in South Korea between 19th August 2014 and 18th August 2020 were included. Patients were followed for up to 24±2 weeks, at up to three visits. Adverse events (AEs) and effectiveness, assessed by both clinician and patient-reported measures, were analyzed.ResultsA total of 3,263 patients (mean age: 51.28 years) were included in the safety set; 1,095 were aged ≥65 years. The majority of the safety set (61.97%) were female. The overall rate of any AEs and serious AEs were 17.13 and 1.56%, respectively. The majority of AEs were mild (88.32%). The rates of AEs did not differ statistically by age (≥65 years: 16.89% [185/1,095] versus &lt;65 years: 17.25% [374/2,168)], p=0.7989), sex (male: 15.95% [198/1,241] versus female: 17.85% [361/2,022], p=0.1623), or liver impairment (with liver impairment: 20.90% [14/67] versus without liver impairment: 17.05% [545/3,196], p=0.4087). Effectiveness was assessed in 1,918 patients. By 24±2 weeks, there were significant clinical improvements from baseline, assessed by change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale total score (mean±standard deviation [SD]: -10.49±9.42 points, p &lt;0.0001), the proportion of patients with improved symptoms using the Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scores (79.29%), and in both patient-reported measures, with a significant improvement in the Korean Version of the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Depression (mean±SD: -6.06±13.23, p &lt;0.0001) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (mean±SD: 4.83±9.81, p &lt;0.0001) total scores from baseline. Similar to the safety profiles, the proportions of patients with improved symptoms compared with baseline using the Clinical Global Impression – Improvement scores did not differ by age (≥65 years: 82.09% versus &lt;65 years: 78.32%, p=0.0511), sex (male: 77.45% versus female: 81.01%, p=0.0587), or liver impairment (with liver impairment: 67.57% versus without liver impairment: 79.85%, p=0.0663).ConclusionVortioxetine appears to be well-tolerated and effective for treating MDD patients in the real-world setting in South Korea, irrespective of age, sex, and liver impairment, reflecting the known profile of vortioxetine based on studies worldwide.
Sport participation, acculturative stress, and depressive symptoms among international college students in the United States
Authors: Yim Hyosoon , Kim Amy Chan Hyung , Du James , James Jeffrey D. 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe distinctive social nature of sport in its capacity to promote immigrants’ adaptation to the new society has been regarded as a vehicle to cope with adverse mental health outcomes derived from acculturative stress (AS) and feelings of marginalization. However, the evidence on the relationship between sport participation (SP), AS, and mental health have been lacking and fragmented. Recognizing this challenge, we examined the mediating effect of AS on the relationship between SP and depressive symptoms (DS) among international college students in the USA.MethodsA total of 203 international college students in the USA were recruited via Prolific. The instrumentation included previously validated measures: SP (SLIM-18), AS (ASSIS), DS (CES-D-10), sense of coherence (SOC-13), and demographic characteristics.ResultsMediation analysis showed a significant association between (1) SP and DS (ß = −0.030, p &lt; 0.05) and (2) AS and DS (ß = 0.053, p &lt; 0.001), while (3) no significant indirect effect of AS was found [ß = −0.001, SE = 0.0003, 95% CI (−0.008, 0.004)].DiscussionEven though several previous scholars have argued that SP is an effective tool to cope with AS among international students, the present study implies this may not be applied to all international students. Specifically, AS and DS among European participants were lower than those from non-European countries, including Asia. Future studies using meta-analysis could be beneficial to examine the external validity of the previous studies on the relationship between SP, acculturation, and mental health to address this potential heterogeneity on the level of AS based on their origin countries or continents. The current study provides meaningful implications for adopting the transformative marketing perspective, which is a marketing approach that pursues positive social outcomes by promoting positive behavior of the target population.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of different screening and diagnostic strategies for sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis in women attending primary health care facilities in Cape Town
Authors: Smith Elise , Masson Lindi , Passmore Jo-Ann S. , Sinanovic Edina 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundGenital inflammation associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) is considered a key driver in the HIV epidemic. A new rapid point-of-care test (POC) that detects genital inflammation in women—Genital InFlammation Test (GIFT)—was recently developed by researchers at the University of Cape Town. The objective of this study was to establish the cost-effectiveness of this novel intervention relative to other relevant screening and diagnostic strategies for the management of STIs and BV in women seeking care in the public health sector in South Africa.MethodsA decision analysis model was developed for five different screening and diagnostic strategies for women incorporating syndromic management, screening with GIFT and using etiological diagnosis. A decision tree was constructed using Microsoft Excel Office 365, and cost and effectiveness parameters were obtained from published literature and market prices. The model incorporated all clinic-level and treatment costs associated with diagnosing and treating a single episode of disease. The effectiveness of each approach was proxied by its sensitivity. One-way and threshold sensitivity analyses were conducted to test key uncertainties and assumptions in the model.ResultsScreening with GIFT, and following with antibiotic treatment according to syndromic management guidelines for GIFT-positive cases, was the most cost-effective strategy with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of USD 11.08 per women diagnosed with an STI(s) and/or BV and provided treatment. This strategy resulted in lower rates of overtreatment compared to syndromic management, but higher rates compared to etiological diagnosis using nucleic acid amplification tests and microscopy. However, following a GIFT positive test with etiological diagnosis prior to treatment did not increase the effectiveness, but dramatically increased the cost.ConclusionScreening with GIFT and treating positive cases according to syndromic management guidelines is the most cost-effective strategy for the management of STIs and BV. GIFT has a potential to significantly improve the management of STIs and BV in women by identifying asymptomatic women and reducing their risk of HIV infection. This analysis presents a first step in establishing the cost-effectiveness of these interventions and paves the way for further research to develop optimal context-specific implementation strategies.