bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐modeling of fractional constitutive relationships for rocks based on physics‐induced machine learning
Authors: Qu Peng‐Fei , Zhang Li‐Mao , Zhu Qi‐Zhi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA fractional constitutive meta‐model for the mechanical behavior of rocks is proposed to bypass complex integration algorithms and consider the uncertainty of model/material parameters. First, a physics‐induced database is constructed with the aid of a fractional constitutive model and two developed input–output strategies. Then three machine algorithms (i.e., random forests, extreme gradient boosting, and multilayer perceptron) together with two input–output strategies are employed to formulate six different meta‐models. The grid‐search and five‐fold cross‐validation methods are utilized to optimize key hyperparameters of meta‐models. Through the comparisons of evaluation metrics and prediction results, the multilayer perceptron algorithm with strategy II becomes an optimal combination to construct the meta‐model. The results of the feature's importance and sensitivity analyses indicate that the parameters' influences in this data‐driven paradigm are in line with physical reality. The effectiveness of the proposed meta‐model is validated by comparing the predicted results with experimental observations from the literature. Additionally, the uncertainty analyses from the meta‐model and material/model parameters can be conducted based on a linear regression model and the Monte Carlo simulation. The study results show that the presented meta‐model based on physics‐guided synthetic data has the potential to replace the general fractional constitutive model.
Wafer‐scale single‐crystalline MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers grown by molecular‐beam epitaxy at low‐temperature — the role of island‐substrate interaction and surface steps
Authors: Xia Yipu , Ding Degong , Xiao Ke , Zhang Junqiu , Xu Shaogang , He Daliang , Yue Xingyu , Rao Qing , Wang Xiong , Ding Sujuan , Gao Guoyun , Xue Hongxia , Wang Yueyang , Yuan Mengfei , Ho Wingkin , Ki Dong‐Keun , Xu Hu , Cui Xiaodong , Jin Chuanhong , Xie Maohai 
Published: February 2023

AbstractUltrathin two‐dimensional transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been pursued extensively in recent years for interesting physics and application potentials. For the latter, it is essential to synthesize crystalline TMD monolayers at wafer‐scale. Here, we report growth of single‐crystalline MSe2 (M = Mo, W) monolayers at wafer‐scale by molecular‐beam epitaxy at low temperatures (200–400°C) on nominally flat Au(1 1 1) substrates. The epifilms have low intrinsic defect densities of low 1012 cm−2. The grown films have then been exfoliated and transferred onto SiO2/Si by a wet chemical process, on which some optical measurements are performed, revealing high spatial uniformity of the samples. We also establish that MSe2 grows on Au via the van der Waals epitaxy mechanism, where a continuous film extends across the whole surface, overhangs atomic‐layer steps on substrate. We identify that the growth of highly crystalline MSe2 is promoted by an enhanced interaction between Au substrate and MSe2 islands rather than by the guidance of surface steps on substrate. The latter only arrests MSe2 lateral growth if they are multilayer high.Key points
MBE growth of wafer‐scale highly crystalline TMD monolayers at low‐temperature is achieved.
Island‐substrate interaction is found to play a critical role in vdW epitaxy of single‐crystalline TMDs on on‐axis substates.
The TMD monolayers are of high uniformity and low intrinsic defect density.
Directed evolution of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 peptidase activity profiles for therapeutic applications
Authors: Heinzelman Pete , Romero Philip A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAngiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been investigated for its ability to beneficially modulate the angiotensin receptor (ATR) therapeutic axis to treat multiple human diseases. Its broad substrate scope and diverse physiological roles, however, limit its potential as a therapeutic agent. In this work, we address this limitation by establishing a yeast display‐based liquid chromatography screen that enabled use of directed evolution to discover ACE2 variants that possess both wild‐type or greater Ang‐II hydrolytic activity and improved specificity toward Ang‐II relative to the off‐target peptide substrate Apelin‐13. To obtain these results, we screened ACE2 active site libraries to reveal three substitution‐tolerant positions (M360, T371, and Y510) that can be mutated to enhance ACE2's activity profile and followed up on these hits with focused double mutant libraries to further improve the enzyme. Relative to wild‐type ACE2, our top variant (T371L/Y510Ile) displayed a sevenfold increase in Ang‐II turnover number (kcat), a sixfold diminished catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) on Apelin‐13, and an overall decreased activity on other ACE2 substrates that were not directly assayed in the directed evolution screen. At physiologically relevant substrate concentrations, T371L/Y510Ile hydrolyzes as much or more Ang‐II than wild‐type ACE2 with concomitant Ang‐II:Apelin‐13 specificity improvements reaching 30‐fold. Our efforts have delivered ATR axis‐acting therapeutic candidates with relevance to both established and unexplored ACE2 therapeutic applications and provide a foundation for further ACE2 engineering efforts.
COVID‐19: Prevention, Detection, and Treatment by Using Carbon Nanotubes‐Based Materials
Authors: Hatta Mohd Hayrie Mohd , Matmin Juan , Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik , Kamisan Farah Hidayah , Badruzzaman Aishah , Batumalaie Kalaivani , Ling Lee Siew , Abdul Wahab Roswanira 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) was responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). The respiratory illness has rapidly spread worldwide and has claimed millions of lives. Although most countries have entered the endemic phase, health authorities warned that future variants could be more virulent than the existing ones. Since clinical trials of antiviral drugs for COVID‐19 may last even a year before approval, developing alternative approaches to combat the virus becomes mandatory. Previously, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exhibited an impressive track record in controlling numerous viral diseases, including COVID‐19. In this article, we review recent applications of CNTs for the prevention, detection, and treatment of COVID‐19. We highlight the strategies and prospective developments of CNTs in producing personal protection equipment (PPE), vaccines, immune‐triggering, development of biosensors and therapeutic strategies. Finally, the challenges, limitations, and future outlook of CNTs in combating COVID‐19 are also discussed.
Study on the Preparation and Optical Properties of Co‐polycarbonates Based on Binaphthalene and Cardo Structures
Authors: Li Chen , Long Xin , Sun Teng , Wang Qingyin , Wang Gongying 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCopolymer carbonate was synthesized from diphenyl carbonate (DPC), 9, 9‐bis [3‐phenyl‐4 ‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene (BPPEF) and 2,2′ ‐bis (2‐hydroxy‐ethoxy)‐1,1′ ‐binaphthalene (BHEBN) by melt transesterification. The composition and random structure of the copolymer were determined by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. DSC and TGA analysis showed that Cardo structure could significantly increase the glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature. With the addition of BHEBN, the refractive index of copolymer was increased, but the thermal properties of copolymer were decreased. It is found that the contribution of naphthalene structure to the refractive index of the polymer material is higher than that of benzene structure. When the dosage of BHEBN is 42 mol %, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the copolymer is 141.8 °C, the maximum thermal decomposition temperature is 421.9 °C, the refractive index is 1.6535, the Abbe number is 21, the transmittance is 88.29 %, and the birefringence is negative 0.01×10−3.
Wearable Electronics Based on Stretchable Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Xu Xinzhao , Zhao Yan , Liu Yunqi 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWearable electronics are attracting increasing interest due to the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). Compared to their inorganic counterparts, stretchable organic semiconductors (SOSs) are promising candidates for wearable electronics due to their excellent properties, including light weight, stretchability, dissolubility, compatibility with flexible substrates, easy tuning of electrical properties, low cost, and low temperature solution processability for large‐area printing. Considerable efforts have been dedicated to the fabrication of SOS‐based wearable electronics and their potential applications in various areas, including chemical sensors, organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photodiodes (OPDs), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs), have been demonstrated. In this review, some recent advances of SOS‐based wearable electronics based on the classification by device functionality and potential applications are presented. In addition, a conclusion and potential challenges for further development of SOS‐based wearable electronics are also discussed.
High‐Performing Atomic Electrocatalyst for Chlorine Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ha Miran , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Dang Ngoc Kim , Kim Dong Yeon , Sultan Siraj , Lee Jae Sung , Kim Kwang S. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElectrocatalysts facilitating chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) play a vital role in chlor–alkali industries. Owing to a huge amount of chlorine consumed worldwide, inexpensive high‐performing catalysts for Cl2 production are highly demanded. Here, a superb ClER catalyst fabricated through uniform dispersion of Pt single atoms (SAs) in C2N2 moieties of N‐doped graphene (denoted as Pt‐1) is presented, which demonstrates near 100% exclusive ClER selectivity, long‐term durability, extraordinary Cl2 production rate (3500 mmol h−1 gPt−1), and >140 000‐fold increased mass activity over industrial electrodes in acidic medium. Excitingly, at the typical chlor–alkali industries’ operating temperature (80 °C), Pt‐1 supported on carbon paper electrode requires a near thermoneutral ultralow overpotential of 5 mV at 1 mA cm−2 current density to initiate the ClER, consistent with the predicted density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Altogether these results show the promising electrocatalyst of Pt‐1 toward ClER.
Enantioseparation Membranes: Research Status, Challenges, and Trends
Authors: Cheng Qingsong , Ma Qian , Pei Hebing , He Simin , Wang Rui , Guo Ruibin , Liu Nijuan , Mo Zunli 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe purity of enantiomers plays a critical role in human health and safety. Enantioseparation is an effective way and necessary process to obtain pure chiral compounds. Enantiomer membrane separation is a new chiral resolution technique, which has the potential for industrialization. This paper mainly summarizes the research status of enantioseparation membranes including membrane materials, preparation methods, factors affecting membrane properties, and separation mechanisms. In addition, the key problems and challenges to be solved in the research of enantioseparation membranes are analyzed. Last but not least, the future development trend of the chiral membrane is expected.
Modeling and design of concrete hinges under general loading
Authors: Markić Tomislav , Kaufmann Walter 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDespite their successful applications in practice for over a century, the design of concrete hinges still entails considerable modeling uncertainty. Their dimensioning still relies on semi‐empirical recommendations originally proposed for admissible stress design, based on limited experimental data and generalized with engineering judgment. This presumably results in overly conservative designs in many cases, particularly when applied with modern design codes based on partial safety factors. This paper addresses these issues by revisiting the analytical modeling for one‐way Freyssinet concrete hinges under general loading based on approaches compatible with current design codes. A cross‐sectional analysis with confined concrete properties is proposed for the behavior under axial forces and bending moments, where the strength of the triaxially compressed concrete in the hinge throat is determined with a discontinuous stress field. The hinge resistance to shear forces is investigated with failure mechanisms inspired by failure modes observed in experiments. Based on the shear strength, a simple approach to estimate the torsional resistance of the throat is proposed. Remarks are also made on the analysis of combined actions. The predictions of the proposed models are validated against a wide range of test data, including a series of recently conducted own experiments. Overall, the proposed models agree better with the available experimental data than the existing approaches, potentially allowing for a more efficient design of new and assessment of existing concrete hinges.
Declines in prey production during the collapse of a tailwater Rainbow Trout population are associated with changing reservoir conditions
Authors: Yard Michael D. , Yackulic Charles B. , Korman Josh , Dodrill Michael J. , Deemer Bridget R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective
Understanding how energy moves through food webs and limits productivity at various trophic levels is a central question in aquatic ecology and can provide insight into drivers of fish population dynamics since many fish populations are food limited. In this study, we seek to better understand what factors drove a decline of &gt;85% in the number of Rainbow TroutOncorhynchus mykiss found in the tailwater portion of the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam during 2012–2016.

Methods
We estimate the production of dominant prey using data from previously published studies of Rainbow Trout abundance and growth alongside drift and diet samples. We test how prey production correlates to both proximate (e.g., nutrients) and distal (e.g., limnological conditions in the upriver reservoir) drivers.

Result
Results suggest that gross consumption of invertebrate prey by the Rainbow Trout population declined from an annual mean of 423 to 69 kg/d. Daily production rates of dominant prey in aggregate declined from a high of 0.173 to 0.018 g·m−2·d−1. Chironomids accounted for 70% of the decline in prey production. Foraging efficiency by Rainbow Trout (range, 0.99–0.67) was high across the range of prey production rates. After the Rainbow Trout population had declined by ~90%, prey consumption saturated at higher rates of prey production and the gross quantity of daily drift exported from the reach increased from 8.9 to 12.7 kg/d.

Conclusion
Rainbow Trout population dynamics are largely influenced by changes in prey production, which is itself driven by soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) concentrations in the reservoir. The SRP model predicted that prey production would increase by 32 kg/d (SE, 9) for each 1 μg/L increase in SRP. These concentrations were indirectly influenced by reservoir hydrology and biogeochemistry, linkages that may extend far beyond the confines of this tailwater fishery and into the downstream reaches of the Grand Canyon's Colorado River ecosystem.
Antimicrobial resistance patterns and characterisation of emerging beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli in camels sampled from Northern Kenya
Authors: Akunda Irene Karegi , Kariuki Daniel W. , Matulis Graham , Mwaura Patrick , Maina Brian , Mohammed Halima , Paul Ayieko , Onyambu Frank G. , ole Kwallah Allan , Martins Dino J. , von Fricken Michael E. , Kamau Joseph M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundAnimal husbandry practices in different livestock production systems and increased livestock–wildlife interactions are thought to be primary drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Arid and Semi‐Arid Lands (ASALs). Despite a tenfold increase in the camel population within the last decade, paired with widespread use of camel products, there is a lack of comprehensive information concerning beta‐lactamase‐producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) within these production systems.ObjectivesOur study sought to establish an AMR profile and to identify and characterise emerging beta‐lactamase‐producing E. coli isolated from faecal samples obtained from camel herds in Northern Kenya.MethodsThe antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of E. coli isolates were established using the disk diffusion method, with beta‐lactamase (bla) gene PCR product sequencing performed for phylogenetic grouping and genetic diversity assessments.ResultsHere we show, among the recovered E. coli isolates (n = 123), the highest level of resistance was observed for cefaclor at 28.5% of isolates, followed by cefotaxime at 16.3% and ampicillin at 9.7%. Moreover, extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing E. coli harbouring the blaCTX‐M‐15 or blaCTX‐M‐27 genes were detected in 3.3% of total samples, and are associated with phylogenetic groups B1, B2 and D. Multiple variants of non‐ESBL blaTEM genes were detected, the majority of which were the blaTEM‐1 and blaTEM‐116 genes.ConclusionsFindings from this study shed light on the increased occurrence of ESBL‐ and non‐ESBL‐encoding gene variants in E. coli isolates with demonstrated multidrug resistant phenotypes. This study highlights the need for an expanded One Health approach to understanding AMR transmission dynamics, drivers of AMR development, and appropriate practices for antimicrobial stewardship in camel production systems within ASALs.
Holographic measurement and quantum teleportation in the SYK thermofield double
Authors: Antonini Stefano , Grado-White Brianna , Jian Shao-Kai , Swingle Brian 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
According to holography, entanglement is the building block of spacetime; therefore, drastic changes of entanglement will lead to interesting transitions in the dual spacetime. In this paper, we study the effect of projective measurements on the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model’s thermofield double state, dual to an eternal black hole in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. We calculate the (Renyi-2) mutual information between the two copies of the SYK model upon projective measurement of a subset of fermions in one copy. We propose a dual JT gravity model that can account for the change of entanglement due to measurement, and observe an entanglement wedge phase transition in the von Neumann entropy. The entanglement wedge for the unmeasured side changes from the region outside the horizon to include the entire time reversal invariant slice of the two-sided geometry as the number of measured Majorana fermions increases. Therefore, after the transition, the bulk information stored in the measured subsystem is not entirely lost upon projection in one copy of the SYK model, but rather teleported to the other copy. We further propose a decoding protocol to elucidate the teleportation interpretation, and connect our analysis to the physics of traversable wormholes.
Hot and dense QCD shear viscosity at leading log
Authors: Danhoni Isabella , Moore Guy D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe leading-order weak-coupling shear viscosity of QCD was computed almost 20 years ago, and the extension to next-to-leading order is 4 years old. But these results have never been applied at finite baryon chemical potentialμ, despite the fact that intermediate-energy heavy ion collisions and merging neutron stars may explore the Quark-Gluon Plasma in a regime where baryon chemical potentials are large. Here we extend the leading-log shear viscosity calculation to finiteμ, and we argue that the convergence of the weak-coupling expansion, while questionable for achievable plasmas, should be better atμ > Tthan atμ= 0.
Fractional Hall conductivity and spin-c structure in solvable lattice Hamiltonians
Authors: Han Zhaoyu , Chen Jing-Yuan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Kapustin-Fidkowski no-go theorem forbids U(1) symmetric topological orders with non-trivial Hall conductivity in (2+1)d from admitting commuting projector Hamiltonians, where the latter is the paradigmatic method to construct exactly solvable lattice models for topological orders. Even if a topological order would intrinsically have admitted commuting projector Hamiltonians, the theorem forbids so once its interplay with U(1) global symmetry which generates Hall conductivity is taken into consideration. Nonetheless, in this work, we show that for all (2+1)d U(1) symmetric abelian topological orders of such kind, we can construct a lattice Hamiltonian that is controllably solvable at low energies, even though not “exactly” solvable; hence, this no-go theorem does not lead to significant difficulty in the lattice study of these topological orders. Moreover, for the fermionic topological orders in our construction, we introduce the lattice notion of spin-c structure — a concept important in the continuum that has previously not been adequately introduced in the lattice context.
JT gravity and near-extremal thermodynamics for Kerr black holes in AdS4,5 for rotating perturbations
Authors: Poojary Rohan R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We study the near horizon 2d gravity theory which captures the near extremal thermodynamics of Kerr black holes where a linear combination of excess angular momentum δJ and excess mass δM is held fixed. These correspond to processes where both the mass and the angular momenta of extremal Kerr black holes are perturbed leaving them near extremal. For the Kerr AdS4 we hold $$ \delta J-\mathcal{L}\delta M=0 $$
δJ
−
L
δM
=
0
while for Myers-Perry(MP) type Kerr black hole in AdS5 we hold $$ \delta {J}_{\varphi 1,2}-{\mathcal{L}}_{\varphi 1,2}\delta M=0 $$
δ

J

φ
1
,
2

−

L

φ
1
,
2

δM
=
0
. We show that in near horizon, the 2d Jackiw-Teitelboim theory is able to capture the thermodynamics of the higher dimensional black holes at small near extremal temperatures TH. We show this by generalizing the near horizon limits found in literature by parameters $$ \mathcal{L} $$
L
and $$ {\mathcal{L}}_{\varphi 1,2} $$

L

φ
1
,
2

for the two geometries. The resulting JT theory captures the near extremal thermodynamics of such geometries provided we identify the temperature $$ {T}_H^{(2)} $$

T
H

2

of the near horizon AdS2 geometry to be $$ {T}_H^{(2)}={T}_H/\left(1-\mu \mathcal{L}\right) $$

T
H

2

=

T
H

/

1
−
μ
L

for 4d Kerr and $$ {T}_h^2={T}_H/\left(-\mu \left({\mathcal{L}}_{\varphi 1}+{\mathcal{L}}_{\varphi 2}\right)\right) $$

T
h
2

=

T
H

/

−
μ

L

φ
1

+

L

φ
2

for 5d Kerr μ is their chemical potential, with $$ \mu \mathcal{L}<1 $$
μ
L
<
1
and $$ \mu \left({\mathcal{L}}_{\varphi 1}+{\mathcal{L}}_{\varphi 2}\right)<1 $$
μ

L

φ
1

+

L

φ
2

<
1
respectively. We also argue that such a theory embeds itself non-trivially in the higher dimensional theorydual to the Kerr geometries.