bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The moral economy of the great resignation
Authors: Varavallo Giuseppe , Scarpetti Giulia , Barbera Filippo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe “Great Resignation” or “The Big Quit” represents a significant shift in people’s importance of employment. In September 2021, U.S. Department of Labor data revealed that 4.4 million Americans quit their jobs, an increase of over 1.13 million from September 2020. This study aims to explore the socio-psychological reasons behind the Great Resignation and potential future shifts in how people view work in their lives. A data collection of 955 highly rated posts from the r/antiwork subreddit was analyzed using the BERTopic method to semantically examine the posts into identifiable topics from February 2020 to February 2022. Subsequently, the moral economy framework was used to investigate these topics, classifying the reasons into three dimensions: ‘Work and Employment,’ which reflects organizational factors, ‘Social Justice and Activism,’ which includes community-level considerations, and ‘Health, Well-being, and Lifestyle,’ which relates to individual circumstances. The study reveals a ‘vocabulary of motives,’ including flexibility, meaningful work, social responsibility, and self-care, showcasing the interconnectedness across individual, community, and organizational dimensions. This evidence suggests an ongoing significant transformation in societal importance and understanding of work. These findings shed light on the profound shift in work values, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the Great Resignation phenomenon, and have far-reaching implications for organizations and policymakers.
Contingent reward versus punishment and compliance behavior: the mediating role of affective attitude and the moderating role of operational capabilities of artificial intelligence
Authors: Zhu Nan , Liu Yuxin , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Na 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPrevious research has long focused on the positive effect of contingent reward on employees’ psychological states and outcomes. Recent studies show that contingent punishment can also positively impact employees’ outcomes. Whether contingent reward can improve employees’ compliance behavior more than punishment can, has not been adequately studied. Exploring this issue can help researchers understand contingent reward and punishment from the perspective of the relationship norms between leaders and employees. Drawing on the planned behavior theory and cognitive appraisal theory, we developed and tested a model specifying why and how contingent reward (relative to contingent punishment) increase employees’ compliance behavior. Using a scenario-based experiment across two-stage surveys of 309 participants, we found that contingent reward (relative to contingent punishment) could influence compliance behavior by increasing and decreasing distinct types of affective attitudes (i.e., self-esteem and anxiety). Moreover, the perceived operational capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) moderated the effect of contingent reward on self-esteem and anxiety. High perceived operational capabilities of AI enhanced the positive effect of contingent reward (relative to contingent punishment) on self-esteem and its negative effect on anxiety as well. This research yields innovative insights for the improvement of compliance behavior.
Electro-optic non-reciprocal polarization rotation in lithium niobate
Authors: Örsel Oğulcan E. , Bahl Gaurav 
Published: September 2023

Polarization is a fundamental degree of freedom for light and is widely leveraged in free space and fiber optics. Non-reciprocal polarization rotation, enabled via the magneto-optic Faraday effect, has been essentially unbeatable for broadband isolators and circulators. For integrated photonics foundries, however, there is still no good path to producing low-loss magneto-optic components, which has prompted a search for alternatives that do not use polarization rotation. Moreover, magneto-optic materials tend to be highly lossy, and while large (10–100 rad/cm) polarization rotation can be achieved, the key figure of merit (rotation-per-loss) is typically &lt;1 rad/dB. Here, we demonstrate that broadband non-reciprocal polarization rotation can be produced using electro-optics in nanophotonic devices. Our demonstration leverages electro-optic inter-polarization scattering around 780 nm in lithium niobate, in which the reciprocity is broken with the help of a radiofrequency stimulus that carries synthetic momentum. While the demonstrated electro-optic polarization rotation rate is ≈1 rad/cm, the exceptionally low loss of lithium niobate enables non-reciprocal polarization rotators with figures of merit that are 1-2 orders of magnitude better than what is possible with magneto-optics. This approach can be replicated on III–V platforms, paving the way for high-performance lasers with co-integrated monolithic non-reciprocal devices.
Design of a high counting efficiency sensor for 1.0 cubic feet per minute laser particle counter
Authors: Zheng Yanchang , Wu Guo , Chen Yesheng , Lu Yuelin , Li Cheng , Wan Guibo , Yin Rongxin 
Published: September 2023

Based on the theory of Mie scattering, an optical sensor for a 1.0 cubic feet per minute laser particle counter is developed in this paper. First, an illumination optical path relying on aspherical lens and cylindrical lens for laser shaping was designed, and a narrow optical spot with the illumination in the vertical direction of the photosensitive area approximately distributed as a flat top was obtained. Second, the scattering light path was designed by using the theory of Mie scattering and geometric optics method. Then, the structure of the sampling air path was designed with reference to the principle of Laval nozzle, and the particle flow trajectory was verified by simulation using the fluid dynamics software Ansys Fluent. Finally, the performance of the optical sensor was measured with polystyrene latex (PSL) particles, and the results showed that the counting efficiency of the 0.3 μm particle size channel met the requirement of 50% ± 20% and the 0.5 μm particle size channel met the requirement of 100% ± 10%, which complied with the ISO 21501-4 standard.
An agile radio-frequency source using internal linear sweeps of a direct digital synthesizer
Authors: Huegler Ethan , Hill Joshua C. , Meyer David H. 
Published: September 2023

Agile rf sources are a common requirement for control systems in quantum science and technology platforms. The direct digital synthesizer (DDS) often fills this role by allowing programmable control of the rf signals. Due to limitations of the DDS architecture, implementing an agile rf source requires rapid and precisely-timed programming of discrete updates that restrict the source’s agility. Here, we describe a microcontroller-based interface that exploits the DDS’s internal linear sweep accumulator to perform both sequential linear sweeps and standard discrete updates at the ∼10μs scale. This allows updates to the swept parameter as fast as every 8 ns with greatly reduced communication and memory overhead. We demonstrate the utility of this system by using it as the reference of an optical phase-locked loop to implement rapid, adjustable laser frequency sweeps in a Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency spectroscopy measurement.
Chiral molecule candidates for trapped ion spectroscopy byab initiocalculations: From state preparation to parity violation
Authors: Landau Arie , Eduardus  , Behar Doron , Wallach Eliana Ruth , Pašteka Lukáš F. , Faraji Shirin , Borschevsky Anastasia , Shagam Yuval 
Published: September 2023

Parity non-conservation (PNC) due to the weak interaction is predicted to give rise to enantiomer dependent vibrational constants in chiral molecules, but the phenomenon has so far eluded experimental observation. The enhanced sensitivity of molecules to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) has led to substantial advances in molecular precision spectroscopy, and these may be applied to PNC searches as well. Specifically, trapped molecular ion experiments leverage the universality of trapping charged particles to optimize the molecular ion species studied toward BSM searches, but in searches for PNC, only a few chiral molecular ion candidates have been proposed so far. Importantly, viable candidates need to be internally cold, and their internal state populations should be detectable with high quantum efficiency. To this end, we focus on molecular ions that can be created by near threshold resonant two-photon ionization and detected via state-selective photo-dissociation. Such candidates need to be stable in both charged and neutral chiral versions to be amenable to these methods. Here, we present a collection of suitable chiral molecular ion candidates we have found, including CHDBrI+ and CHCaBrI+, that fulfill these conditions according to our ab initio calculations. We find that organo-metallic species have low ionization energy as neutrals and relatively high dissociation thresholds. Finally, we compute the magnitude of the PNC values for vibrational transitions for some of these candidates. An experimental demonstration of state preparation and readout for these candidates will be an important milestone toward measuring PNC in chiral molecules for the first time.
Quantum gravity phenomenology from the perspective of quantum general relativity and quadratic gravity
Authors: Menezes Gabriel 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Multi-messenger astronomy provides us with the possibility of discovering phenomenological signatures of quantum-gravity effects. This should be of paramount importance in the pursuit of an elusive quantum theory for the gravitational interactions. Here we discuss feasible explorations within the effective field theory (EFT) treatment of general relativity. By exploring current techniques borrowed from modern amplitude methods, we calculate leading quantum corrections to the classical radiated momentum and spectral waveforms. The lessons drawn from these low-energy results are that phenomenological applications in gravitational-wave physics can be discussed in line with the EFT approach. In turn, we also examine possible phenomenological surveys from the perspective of a UV completion for quantum gravity which employs the metric as the fundamental dynamical variable, namely quadratic gravity. Being more specific, by resorting to the eikonal approximation, we compute the leading-order time delay/advance in the scattering of light by a heavy object and find a possible significant deviation from the standard general-relativity prediction. This allows us to probe causal uncertainty due to quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field as a genuine prediction from Planck-scale physics.
A Fock space structure for the diffeomorphism invariant Hilbert space of loop quantum gravity and its applications
Authors: Sahlmann Hanno , Sherif Waleed 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a quantization program for gravity based on the principles of QFT and general covariance of general relativity. Quantum states of LQG describe gravitational excitations based on graphs embedded in a spatial slice of spacetime. We show that, under certain assumptions on the class of diffeomorphisms, the space of diffeomorphism invariant states carries a Fock space structure. The role of one-particle excitations for this structure is played by the diffeomorphism invariant states based on graphs with a single (linked) component. This means, however, that a lot of the structure of the diffeomorphism invariant Hilbert space remains unresolved by this structure. We show how the Fock structure allows to write at least some condensate states of group field theory as diffeomorphism invariant coherent states of LQG in a precise sense. We also show how to construct other interesting states using this Fock structure. We finally explore the quantum geometry of single- and multi-particle states and tentatively observe some resemblance to geometries with a single or multiple components, respectively.
Strong and controlled photonic spin Hall effect in a van der Waals semiconducting transition metal oxide slab
Authors: Da Haixia , Ye Huapeng 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
A natural biaxial van der Waals material α-MoO3 hosts the in-plane anisotropy as well as the ultra-low-loss polaritons, which hold great potential in the applications of subwavelength focusing, planar nanooptics as well as polarization converters. Here, we show that the simple α-MoO3 slab supports giant spin shifts of the reflected wave for either the horizontal (H) or vertical (V) polarized incident waves at specific frequencies and the low as well as large incident angle regions, whose maximum values can reach their theoretical upper limit. Such obtained giant spin shifts at the low and large incident angles are governed by the intrinsically in-plane anisotropy of α-MoO3 and the zero values of the reflectance at the transverse magnetic or electric wave. In addition, we also examine how the orientation of the optical axis of α-MoO3 slab controls the sign and magnitude of the reflected spin shifts and find that the positions where the maximum spin shifts of the reflected wave happen can be switched by rotating it. Our results on the reflected spin shifts in the α-MoO3 slab lay a foundation for unraveling the photonic spin Hall effects of anisotropic van der Waals crystals.
Electrical breakdown dynamics in an argon bubble submerged in conductive liquid for nanosecond pulsed discharges
Authors: L Sponsel Nicholas , Gershman Sophia , Stapelmann Katharina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This study delves into the dynamics of cold atmospheric plasma and their interaction within conductive solutions under the unique conditions of nanosecond pulsed discharges (22 kV peak voltage, 10 ns FWHM, 4.5 kV ns−1 rate-of-rise). The research focuses on the electrical response, breakdown, and discharge propagation in an argon bubble, submerged in a NaCl solution of varying conductivity. Full or partial discharges were observed at conductivities of 1.5 µS cm−1 (deionized water) to 1.6 mS cm−1, but no breakdown was observed at 11.0 mS cm−1 when reducing the electrode gap. It is demonstrated that at higher conductivity electric breakdown is observed only when the gas bubble comes into direct contact with the electrode and multiple emission nodes were observed at different timescales. These nodes expanded in the central region of the bubble over timescales longer than the initial high-voltage pulse. This work offers a temporal resolution of 2 ns exposure times over the first 30 ns of the initial voltage pulse, and insight into plasma formation over decaying reflected voltage oscillations over 200 ns.
A broadband microwave absorber with properties optimized by an all-dielectric structure
Authors: Feng Fan , Wu Zhuang , Luo Jie , Chen Xiqiao , Zhang Zilong , Zou Yanhong 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Impedance matching is the premise of obtaining a perfect absorbing effect. Through improving the impedance matching condition of the grid-structured absorber by covering a layer of 0.5 mm thick 3D printed disk structure. The bandwidth of the new structure with the reflection loss less than −10 dB is optimized from 5.3–10.2 GHz and 14.8–18 GHz to 5.3–18 GHz. And the total thickness is 3.5 mm. The experimental results further validated the simulation results. The broadband absorption attributes to the synergistic effect of the dielectric loss and magnetic loss. Additionally, the optimized impedance matching is the critical precondition. Due to the 3D printing technology, the printing layer all-dielectric structure can be flexibly fabricated. The tailored strategy of optimizing the impedance matching by the 3D printed all-dielectric plays a guiding role in the realization of broadband absorption.
Thermophysical properties and atomic structure of liquid Zr–Nb alloys investigated by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zuo D D , Chang J , Wang Q , Wang H P 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The investigation of the thermophysical properties of liquid Zr–Nb alloys holds great significance for theoretical research and technical application in liquid physics. However, the high temperatures involved make their experimental measurement challenging. In this study, the densities of liquid Zr-x wt.% Nb (x= 1.0, 2.5, 6.0) alloys were examined by electrostatic levitation and molecular dynamics calculation. Remarkably, the alloys achieved maximum undercooling of 335 K, 311 K and 326 K, respectively. Correspondingly, the densities are 6.20, 6.22 and 6.26 g·cm−3 at the liquidus temperatures (T
L), respectively. The corresponding temperature coefficients are 2.61 × 10−4, 2.75 × 10−4 and 2.84 × 10−4 g·cm−3·K−1, respectively. Notably, the experimental density results align well with the simulated results. Moreover, the molar volume (V
m), thermal expansion coefficient (α) and diffusion coefficient (D) were derived based on the experimental data and simulations. The thermal expansion coefficients reduce linearly with decreasing temperature. The analysis of the pair distribution function, coordination number (CN) and the radial distribution function reveals the temperature-dependent evolution of the atomic structure. The CN
total and CN
Zr–Zr initially increase and then decrease with decreasing temperature, while the change trends for CN
Zr–Nb and CN
Nb–Nb varied among the three alloys. The radial distribution function of three liquid alloys reveals that the atomic number density increases as the temperature drops. Additionally, the total diffusion coefficients decrease with the reduction of temperature and the rise of Nb content from 1.0 wt.% Nb to 6.0 wt.% Nb.
A closer look at how symmetry constraints and the spin–orbit coupling shape the electronic structure of Bi(111)
Authors: Alcántara Ortigoza Marisol , Rahman Talat S 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Fully relativistic density-functional-theory calculations of Bi(111) thin films are analyzed to revisit their two metallic surface-states branches. We first contrast these metallic branches with surface states arising at gaps in the valence band opened by the spin–orbit coupling (SOC). We find that the two metallic branches along

Γ
M

‾

do not overlap with the bulk band at the zone boundary, M. We show that the spin texture observed in such states cannot be traced to the lifting of Kramers’ degeneracy. Instead, we track them to the

m
j

=
±
1

/

2

–

m
j

=
±
3

/

2

SOC splitting, the potential anisotropy for in-plane and out-of-plane states, and the coupling between the opposite surfaces of a slab occurring near M, which is driven by a spatial redistribution of the four metallic states composing the two metallic branches. Each of these branches appears to be non-degenerate at the tested surface, yet each is degenerate with another state of opposite spin at the other surface. Nevertheless, the four metallic states bear some contribution on both surfaces of the film because of their spatial redistribution near M. The overlapping among these states near M, afforded by their spatial redistribution on both surfaces, causes a hybridization that perpetuates the splitting between the two branches, makes the film’s electronic structure thickness dependent near M, extinguishes the magnetic moment of the metallic states avoiding the magnetic-moment discontinuity at M, and denies the need or expectancy of the metallic branches becoming degenerate at M. We propose that the opposite spin polarization observed for the two metallic branches occurs because the surface atoms retain their covalent bonds and thus cannot afford magnetic polarization. We show that the Rashba-splitting of the metallic states for inversion-asymmetric films does not have a fixed magnitude but can be tuned by changing the perturbation breaking inversion symmetry.
Evaluation of receiver calibration based on clock-steering for time–frequency transfer
Authors: Guo Wenfei , Chen Jinxin , Gong Xiaopeng , Liu Jingnan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Calibrating the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) time–frequency transfer system is crucial for accurate GNSS time–frequency transfer. The most commonly used relative calibration method relies on the common-clock to eliminate clock differences. However, it cannot eliminate the changes in clock signal reference point delay (REFDLY). The changes in REFDLY during calibration could not be ignored, especially for ordinary users in an unstable environment. To address this issue, we use the GNSS real-time single-difference time synchronization calibration based on clock-steering, which can detect the change in REFDLY. According to this method, the clock differences and REFDLY are eliminated simultaneously. We installed two GNSS antennas on the roof of the Xinghu Building of Wuhan University and designed a clock synchronization terminal to evaluate the performance of this method. The data were collected on Day of Year 152–156, 167–171, 222–226, 231–235, 244, 258, 260, and 262 in 2022. In accordance with the calibration results, the standard deviation better than 100 ps, and the stability reaches

10

−
15

@

10
000

s

. Also, the time variance better than 60 ps, and the uncertainty

u

CAL

better than 0.5 ns. Compared to the common-clock calibration, one of the most significant benefits is the elimination of REFDLY, which leads to decreased uncertainty and better stability over both the short-term and long-term.
Measuring porous media velocity fields and grain bed architecture with a quantitative PLIF-based technique
Authors: Hilliard Brandon , Budwig Ralph , Skifton Richard S , Durgesh Vibhav , Reeder William J , Bhattarai Bishal , Martin Benjamin T , Xing Tao , Tonina Daniele 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Porous media flows are common in both natural and anthropogenic systems. Mapping these flows in a laboratory setting is challenging and often requires non-intrusive measurement techniques, such as particle image velocimetry (PIV) coupled with refractive index matching (RIM). RIM-coupled PIV allows the mapping of velocity fields around transparent solids by analyzing the movement of neutrally buoyant micron-sized seeding particles. The use of this technique in a porous medium can be problematic because seeding particles adhere to grains, which causes the grain bed to lose transparency and can obstruct pore flows. Another non-intrusive optical technique, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), can be paired with RIM and does not have this limitation because fluorescent dye is used instead of particles, but it has been chiefly used for qualitative flow visualization. Here, we propose a quantitative PLIF-based methodology to map both porous media flow fields and porous media architecture. Velocity fields are obtained by tracking the advection-dominated movement of the fluorescent dye plume front within a porous medium. We also propose an automatic tracking algorithm that quantifies 2D velocity components as the plume moves through space in both an Eulerian and a Lagrangian framework. We apply this algorithm to three data sets: a synthetic data set and two laboratory experiments. Performance of this algorithm is reported by the mean (bias error, B) and standard deviation (random error, SD) of the residuals between its results and the reference data. For the synthetic data, the algorithm produces maximum errors of B & SD = 32% & 23% in the Eulerian framework, respectively, and B & SD = −0.04% & 3.9% in the Lagrangian framework. The small-scale laboratory experimental data requires the Eulerian framework and produce errors of B & SD = −0.5% & 33%. The Lagrangian framework is used on the large-scale laboratory experimental data and produces errors of B & SD = 5% & 44%. Mapping the porous media architecture shows negligible error for reconstructing calibration grains of known dimensions.