bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new integrated framework for the identification of potential virus–drug associations
Authors: Qu Jia , Song Zihao , Cheng Xiaolong , Jiang Zhibin , Zhou Jie 
Published: August 2023

IntroductionWith the increasingly serious problem of antiviral drug resistance, drug repurposing offers a time-efficient and cost-effective way to find potential therapeutic agents for disease. Computational models have the ability to quickly predict potential reusable drug candidates to treat diseases.MethodsIn this study, two matrix decomposition-based methods, i.e., Matrix Decomposition with Heterogeneous Graph Inference (MDHGI) and Bounded Nuclear Norm Regularization (BNNR), were integrated to predict anti-viral drugs. Moreover, global leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), local LOOCV, and 5-fold cross-validation were implemented to evaluate the performance of the proposed model based on datasets of DrugVirus that consist of 933 known associations between 175 drugs and 95 viruses.ResultsThe results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of global LOOCV and local LOOCV are 0.9035 and 0.8786, respectively. The average AUC and the standard deviation of the 5-fold cross-validation for DrugVirus datasets are 0.8856 ± 0.0032. We further implemented cross-validation based on MDAD and aBiofilm, respectively, to evaluate the performance of the model. In particle, MDAD (aBiofilm) dataset contains 2,470 (2,884) known associations between 1,373 (1,470) drugs and 173 (140) microbes. In addition, two types of case studies were carried out further to verify the effectiveness of the model based on the DrugVirus and MDAD datasets. The results of the case studies supported the effectiveness of MHBVDA in identifying potential virus-drug associations as well as predicting potential drugs for new microbes.
Fibrosis-4 index is associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with cirrhosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Albhaisi Somaya , Sun Jing , Sanyal Arun J. 
Published: August 2023

Background and aimsIdentification of high-risk patients for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is essential for long term monitoring of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) cirrhosis progression. We sought to evaluate the association between Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and incidence of HCC risk among patients with NASH cirrhosis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with NASH cirrhosis (n= 1,338) who were evaluated in a single medical center between 2005 and 2015. Those who developed HCC were identified through electronic medical records using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9 and 10 codes until the end of September 2021.ResultsDuring a median follow-up time of 3.7 years, 157 (11.7%) patients with NASH cirrhosis developed HCC. At index visit, the study population had a median age 57 years, 43% males, 78.8% White, and mean FIB-4 index 4.2. The final multivariable Cox regression model revealed that male sex, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2, and hypertension were independent factors associated with development of HCC in patients with NASH cirrhosis. Compared to patients with FIB-4 ¾ 1.45, patients with FIB-4 between 1.45-3.25 had a similar hazard of HCC (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% CI: 0.67-1.86, p=0.670), whereas patients with FIB-4 &gt;3.25 had a 1.93 (95% CI: 1.22-3.05, p=0.005) increased hazard of HCC.ConclusionFIB-4 &gt; 3.25 was an independent factor associated with increased HCC risk among NASH cirrhosis patients. FIB-4 index is a promising tool for determining high-risk patients and may be used in routine clinical practice to monitor risk of HCC in patients with NASH cirrhosis.
Evidence for increased DNA damage repair in the postmortem brain of the high stress-response group of schizophrenia
Authors: Shishido Risa , Kunii Yasuto , Hino Mizuki , Izumi Ryuta , Nagaoka Atsuko , Hayashi Hideki , Kakita Akiyoshi , Tomita Hiroaki , Yabe Hirooki 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) is a disorder diagnosed by specific symptoms and duration and is highly heterogeneous, clinically and pathologically. Although there are an increasing number of studies on the association between genetic and environmental factors in the development of SZ, the actual distribution of the population with different levels of influence of these factors has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on stress as an environmental factor and stratified SZ based on the expression levels of stress-responsive molecules in the postmortem prefrontal cortex.MethodsWe selected the following stress-responsive molecules: interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, glucocorticoid receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin, S100 calcium-binding protein B, superoxide dismutase, postsynaptic density protein 95, synuclein, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA2, and solute carrier family 6 member 4. We performed RNA sequencing in the prefrontal gray matter of 25 SZ cases and 21 healthy controls and conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis of SZ based on the gene expression levels of stress-responsive molecules, which yielded two clusters. After assessing the validity of the clusters, they were designated as the high stress-response SZ group and the low stress-response SZ group, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between clusters was performed, and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was conducted on four cases each in the high and low stress-response SZ groups to validate DNA damage.ResultsWe found higher prevalence of family history of SZ in the low stress-response SZ group (0/3 vs. 5/4, p = 0.04). Pathway analysis of DEGs between clusters showed the highest enrichment for DNA double-strand break repair. TUNEL staining showed a trend toward a lower percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the high stress-response SZ group.ConclusionOur results suggest that there are subgroups of SZ with different degrees of stress impact. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of these subgroups may be associated with DNA damage repair. These results provide new insights into the interactions and heterogeneity between genetic and environmental factors.
Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among ART-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals from 2019 to 2021 in Nanjing, China
Authors: Xu Yuanyuan , Shi Hongjie , Dong Xiaoxiao , Ding Chengyuan , Wu Sushu , Li Xin , Zhang Hongying , Qiao Mengkai , Li Xiaoshan , Zhu Zhengping 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundTransmitted drug resistance (TDR) is an increasingly prevalent problem worldwide, which will significantly compromise the effectiveness of HIV treatments. However, in Nanjing, China, there is still a dearth of research on the prevalence and transmission of TDR among ART-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals. This study aimed to understand the prevalence and transmission of TDR in Nanjing.MethodsA total of 1,393 participants who were newly diagnosed with HIV-1 and had not received ART between January 2019 and December 2021 were enrolled in this study. HIV-1 pol gene sequence was obtained by viral RNA extraction and nested PCR amplification. Genotypes, TDR and transmission cluster analyses were conducted using phylogenetic tree, Stanford HIV database algorithm and HIV-TRACE, respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with TDR.ResultsA total of 1,161 sequences were successfully sequenced, of which CRF07_BC (40.6%), CRF01_AE (38.4%) and CRF105_0107 (6.3%) were the main HIV-1 genotypes. The overall prevalence of TDR was 7.8%, with 2.0% to PIs, 1.0% to NRTIs, and 4.8% to NNRTIs. No sequence showed double-class resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that compared with CRF01_AE, subtype B (OR = 2.869, 95%CI: 1.093–7.420) and female (OR = 2.359, 95%CI: 1.182–4.707) were risk factors for TDR. Q58E was the most prevalent detected protease inhibitor (PI) -associated mutation, and V179E was the most frequently detected non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) -associated mutation. A total of 613 (52.8%) sequences were segregated into 137 clusters, ranging from 2 to 74 sequences. Among 44 individuals with TDR (48.4%) within 21 clusters, K103N/KN was the most frequent TDR-associated mutation (31.8%), followed by Q58E/QE (20.5%) and G190A (15.9%). Individuals with the same TDR-associated mutations were usually cross-linked in transmission clusters. Moreover, we identified 9 clusters in which there was a transmission relationship between drug-resistant individuals, and 4 clusters in which drug-resistant cases increased during the study period.ConclusionThe overall prevalence of TDR in Nanjing was at a moderate level during the past 3 years. However, nearly half of TDR individuals were included in the transmission clusters, and some drug-resistant individuals have transmitted in the clusters. Therefore, HIV drug-resistance prevention, monitoring and response efforts should be sustained and expanded to reduce the prevalence and transmission of TDR in Nanjing.
Inter-rater agreement of CDC criteria and ASEPSIS score in assessing surgical site infections after cesarean section: a prospective observational study
Authors: Delli Carpini Giovanni , Giannella Luca , Di Giuseppe Jacopo , Fioretti Marco , Franconi Ilaria , Gatti Ludovica , Sabbatini Keti , Montanari Michele , Marconi Chiara , Tafuri Elisa , Tibaldi Luisa , Fichera Mariasole , Pizzagalli Davide , Ciavattini Andrea 
Published: August 2023

ObjectiveTo assess and compare the inter-rater agreement of the CDC criteria and the ASEPSIS score in identifying surgical site infections after cesarean section.MethodsProspective observational study including 110 patients subjected to a cesarean section at our institution. Surgical wounds were managed according to standard care and were photographed on the third, seventh, and thirtieth postoperative day or during any evaluation in case of complications. Three expert surgeons reviewed the prospectively gathered data and photographs and classified each wound using CDC criteria and the ASEPSIS score. The inter-rater agreements of CDC criteria and ASEPSIS score were determined with Krippendorff's Alpha with linear weights and compared with a confidence interval approach.ResultsThe weighted α coefficient for CDC criteria was 0.587 (95%CI, 0.411–0.763, p &lt; 0.001, “moderate” agreement according to Altman's interpretation of weighted agreement coefficient), while the weighted α coefficient for the ASEPSIS score was 0.856 (95%CI, 0.733–0.980, p &lt; 0.001, “very good” agreement).ConclusionASEPSIS score presents a “very good” inter-rater agreement for surgical site infections identification after cesarean, resulting in a more objective method than CDC criteria (“moderate” inter-rater agreement). ASEPSIS score could represent an objective tool for managing and monitoring surgical site infections after cesarean section, also by photographic evaluation.
UAV Monitoring Topsoil Moisture in an Alpine Meadow on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Sang Yazhuan , Yu Shangzhao , Lu Fengshuai , Sun Yi , Wang Shulin , Ade Luji , Hou Fujiang 
Published: August 2023

Soil moisture is one of the most critical soil components for sustained plant growth and grassland management. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are gradually replacing manual labor in various aspects of grassland management. However, their potential for monitoring soil moisture in grasslands remains largely unexplored. High vegetation coverage and frequent rainfall in the Tibetan Plateau pose a challenge for personnel working in alpine meadows. To explore the potential of UAV technology for soil moisture detection in these areas, we conducted a rainfall reduction experiment in Maqu County, China to understand the relationships among soil moisture, vegetation coverage, and visible-light images captured using UAVs. The findings indicated a significant correlation between topsoil moisture and the brightness values in visible-light images acquired by UAVs (p < 0.0001). These results demonstrated that visible-light brightness, vegetation coverage, rainfall reduction, and aboveground biomass can be utilized for estimating the topsoil moisture using these images (y = −0.2676 × Brightness + 0.2808 × Vegetation coverage −0.1862 × Rainfall reduction + 0.1357 × Aboveground biomass + 37.77). The model validation worked well (E = 0.8291, RS = −3.58%, RMA = 10.38%, RMSE = 3.5878, Pearson’s r = 0.9631, PSI = 0.0125). This study further addresses the problem of topsoil moisture measurement in flat areas of mesoscale moist alpine meadows and is expected to facilitate the widespread adoption of UAV use in grassland ecology research.
Ecological Interactions of Predatory Mites, Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (Trombidiformes: Cheyletidae) and Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans, and Prey, Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae), under Different Thermo-Hygrometric Regimes
Authors: Danso James K. , Opit George P. , Giles Kristopher L. , Noden Bruce H. 
Published: August 2023

Predator–prey interactions are linked through trophic relationships, and individual population dynamics are a function of multiple interactions among many ecological factors. The present study considered the efficacy of the predatory mites Cheyletus eruditus (Schrank) (Trombidiformes: Cheyletidae) and Cheyletus malaccensis Oudemans to manage Liposcelis decolor (Pearman) (Psocodea: Liposcelididae). Prey population suppression and progeny replacement efficiency of the predators were assessed under different predator–prey ratios (0:20, 1:20, 2:20, 4:20, and 10:20), temperatures (20, 24, 28, and 32 °C), and relative humidities (RH) (63, 75, and 85%) over 40 days under laboratory conditions of 0:24 (L:D) photoperiod. Suppression of L. decolor population when C. eruditus-related predator-to-prey ratios of 1:20, 2:20, 4:20, and 10:20 were used was ~61.7, 79.7, 85.1, and 87.5%, respectively, relative to the Control ratio (0:20). In the case of C. malaccensis, suppression of 70, 82.1, 92.9, and 96.5%, respectively, was achieved. Although the low 63% RH limited efficacy of these cheyletid mites, both predatory mites caused pest population suppression of ~67.1–97.2% and increased their progeny by ~96.7–844.4% fold for the predator–prey ratios of 1:20, 2:20, 4:20, and 10:20, temperatures of 20, 24, 28, and 32 °C, and RH levels of 63, 75, and 85%. The levels of psocid population suppression achieved indicate the potential of both predatory mites for psocid management.
Note sur la notion de "pôle de croissance"
Authors: Perroux François 
Published: August 2023

Note on the concept of “growth poles”.
Models of the stationary economy and of equally diffused growth of an economy do not correspond to observed facts. Economic growth originates in certain zones and proceeds with unequal intensity. It is diffused throughout a system by various channels and affects diversely the whole of the economy. The process of economic growth may be studied in relation to a progressive industry or firm, a group of complementary industries, and the growth of national economies.
The growth of a progressive industry in relation to its environment brings out the nature of “external economies”. The relationships observed go beyond those stated in terms of prices only. The contribution of the growth of the firm to the growth of the economy as a whole may be measured by the firm's own net contribution to gross national product and by the growth induced in other sectors.
This type of analysis leads to a consideration of industrial centres where key industries and their environment, and the relations between large firms, together generate expansive forces. The great centres of economic activity have repercussions throughout the whole of the national economy whose fate is largely linked to their growth.
The concept of growth poles thus makes necessary a reconsideration of the growth of national economies in terms of the inter-relations between the active centres of growth and the rest of the environment. The economic waste engendered by the association between growth poles and national states focuses attention upon an aspect of the nature of balanced growth of the world economy.
Les vrais et les faux dangers de la méthode mathématique en économie politique et les insuffisances de la méthode mathématique
Authors: Fréchet Maurice 
Published: August 2023

The fact of human liberty and will limits, but does not exclude, the use of deductive and quantitative methods in the social sciences. When large numbers of individuals are examined, we find many examples of the regularity with which certain events repeat themselves. Again, the cardinal nature of economic phenomena, such as utility, cannot exclude entirely every use of mathematics.
It shoud be recalled that, in every branch of science , the use of mathematics can lead to incorrect solutions if the basic hypotheses are at fault. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that it is not necessary for an hypothesis, and therefore for the result supplied by the application of mathematical tools to that hypothesis, to correspond in every detail to reality.
Other examples of unfounded criticisms of mathematics in economics may be mentioned ; the necessity for continuous functions ; the use of extrapolations ; the neglect of time factors and of irreversibility. None of these criticisms resist examination.
It would no doubt be desirable to see more economists become competent mathematicians. But even without this it should be possible for economists to examine objectively the results secured by mathematicians. Extremely important in this respect is the need to test mathematical models just as all models in physics are tested.
In general, it may be said that, whatever may be the present defects of econometrics, it has produced results, notably in forecasting, which it would have been impossible to attain without the use of mathematics.
Facteurs monétaires et stabilité économique
Authors: Haberler Gottfried von ,   Association internationale des sciences économiques
Published: August 2023

Monetary factors affecting economic stability
The criteria of economic growth and the meaning of stability are defined. The connections between stability and growth are then examined. It is noted that two schools of thought exist in this matter : one refuses all short-run instability, the other finds that instability and growth are part of the same process and inseparable.
As regards the monetary aspects of short-run fluctuations it is significant that fluctuations in real magnitudes and in money flows occur together and that most economists agree that the proximate causes of fluctuations are to be found in expenditure changes. This does not mean , of course , that monetary factors alone can avoid fluctuations.
This point of view is illustrated by an analysis of the «real» and «monetary » factors in instability and of their interactions. The latter point has tended to be neglected in much modern work on the cycle. For example, the role of monetary factors in depressions is highly important. The influence of credit expansion during the up-swing is also fundamental. It is main¬ tained that the elimination of monetary factors in the trade cycle would in fact remove most of the causes of instability. Unfortunately, their elimination is not likely to be complete and the cycle will therefore remain. In the international sphere in particular the importance of monetary causes of instability cannot be stressed too much.
Des problèmes économiques que pose la stabilisation de l'activité économique
Authors: Slesinger R. E. 
Published: August 2023

Economic problems confronted in the stabilisation of business activity
Activities capable of generating business prosperity must operate through gross domestic investment, consumer buying, government purchases and net foreign investment. For the United Stales of America, the last is smalt enough to be ignored. The first two both depend upon the decisions of private persons as to future prospects, and all are closely inter-related. To avoid wide fluctuations in a period of increasing productivity requires a constantly growing demand, and the pattern of private demand does not meet this requirement. Government demand is consequently of importance, since it is technically free from economic restraint. The use of credit may also be of importance, for example in increasing demand if there are willing borrowers.
At present two-thirds of the United Stales’ labour force produces personal consumption goods ; the rest must be employed in personal investment or by the government. It is variations in employment in this latter group which is the primary cause of most fluctuations. Consequently, private investment needs not only to be maintained, but must actually be increased to ensure full employment, as 1958 has demonstrated. Thus, the government must act to increase demand in recession, since it is the only economic organism with the necessary latitude. Arguments are given for public works being less satisfactory as a stimulus than lax reduction or government purchases of current goods and services, and the author presents statistics which evaluate the practicability and scope of government activities of these kinds. -
In conclusion, the author utilises the above arguments in an examination of recent developments in the United Slates.
Capital-temps et répartition des revenus. De la remise en cause des fondements théoriques de la micro-économie à une nouvelle loi macro-économique des revenus
Authors: Bresson Yoland 
Published: August 2023

Les individus vivent le même temps physique. Ils partagent le temps unité en une fraction de temps contraint, correspondant à l’obtention et à l’usage de biens librement choisis, et une fraction de temps libre. Ils communiquent entre eux à l’aide d’un bien commun, la monnaie. L’article montre que le revenu individuel est directement lié au partage personnel du temps et à une constante fondamentale, par une véritable “équation aux dimensions” qui fait de l’unité temps, l’étalon de mesure et qui donne la valeur économique de l’unité — temps physique. Les échanges de biens ne sont que des images de transferts de temps. Tout échange modifie la répartition des revenus individuels. L’équilibre général défini par l’arrêt des échanges est une recherche illusoire. Les fondements microéconomiques Walrassiens sont inapplicables.
Par contre, il existe, au niveau macroéconomique, malgré le mouvement perpétuel des échanges, un “ordre” statistique stable qui explique la forme unique de la Répartition des Revenus. Pareto avait raison, mais la loi de Répartition n’est pas celle de Pareto, c’est une loi nouvelle, théoriquement établie, qui confrontée à des observations empiriques apporte une remarquable superposition.
Théorie de la stagflation et expérience comparée de la France et de l’Allemagne 1971-1979
Authors: Marczewski Jean 
Published: August 2023

La hausse brutale du prix d’un facteur ou d’un bien essentiel engendre un double circuit : un circuit inflationniste alimenté par le pouvoir d’achat accru des vendeurs et un circuit déflationniste dû à la réduction du pouvoir d’achat des acheteurs.
Au cours de la dernière décennie, les causes principales (mais non uniques) de la stagflation ont été les majorations brutales des coûts salariaux par unité produite et les hausses du prix du pétrole. Grâce à la modération de ses syndicats de salariés, l’Allemagne a pu en réduire les effets négatifs, tout en augmentant le pouvoir d’achat