bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shaping the structural dynamics of motor learning through cueing during sleep
Authors: Stee Whitney , Legouhy Antoine , Guerreri Michele , Foti Michael-Christopher , Lina Jean-Marc , Zhang Hui , Peigneux Philippe 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Enhancing the retention of recent memory traces through sleep reactivation is possible via Targeted memory reactivation (TMR), involving cueing learned material during posttraining sleep. Evidence indicates detectable short-term microstructural changes in the brain within an hour after motor sequence learning, and posttraining sleep is believed to contribute to the consolidation of these motor memories, potentially leading to enduring microstructural changes. In this study, we explored how TMR during posttraining sleep affects performance gains and delayed microstructural remodeling, using both standard diffusion tensor imaging and advanced neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging. Sixty healthy young adults participated in a 5 days protocol, undergoing five diffusion-weighted imaging sessions, pre- and post-two motor sequence training sessions, and after a posttraining night of either regular sleep (RS) or TMR. Results demonstrated rapid skill acquisition on day 1, followed by performance stabilization on day 2, and improvement on day 5, in both RS and TMR groups. (Re)training induced widespread microstructural changes in motor-related areas, initially involving the hippocampus, followed by a delayed engagement of the caudate nucleus. Mean Diffusivity changes were accompanied by increased neurite density index in the putamen, suggesting increased neurite density, while free water fraction reduction indicated glial reorganization. TMR-related structural differences emerged in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on day 2 and the right cuneus on day 5, suggesting unique sleep TMR-related neural reorganization patterns. Persistence of practice-related structural changes, although moderated over time, suggests a lasting neural network reorganization, partially mediated by sleep TMR.
Workplace Climates, Workplace Structures, and LGBTQ People’s Identity Disclosure: A Longitudinal Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Ueno Koji , Bastow Skyler , Dominguez Rachael , D’Amours Jason V 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Past research shows that workplace conditions influence the degree to which LGBTQ people disclose their sexual and gender identities at work. This suggests that LGBTQ workers may shift their levels of identity disclosure if workplace conditions change, but other research conceptualizes identity disclosure as a political action or a developmental milestone and indicates that disclosure levels are irresponsive to contextual changes. To reconcile these opposing views, this study examines changes in disclosure levels by analyzing qualitative data from young LGBTQ workers who participated in two to five in-depth interviews in two-year intervals. The analysis shows that a majority of LGBTQ workers experienced changes in disclosure levels, especially during job changes. Consistent with previous research that emphasized the importance of workplace climates, transitions to workplaces with friendlier climates promoted identity disclosure. In many cases, however, changes in disclosure levels represented LGBTQ workers’ responses to shifts in workplace structures, which defined relationships among workers and specified formal rules and informal routines about work procedures. Overall, the study brought an insight from broader organization research to LGBTQ research that workplace structures designed to ensure worker contributions to organizational goals and increase efficiency may inadvertently constrain workers’ expressions of social identities.
Chronic Radium-226 toxicity to and oxidative stress in the aquatic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus
Authors: Lacroix-Durand Charlotte , Janz David , Liber Karsten 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The mining industry, including uranium mining and milling, is of high importance in Canada. It is, however, important to consider that ore processing can result in the creation of by-products that contain radionuclides such as radium-226 (226Ra). Even with the strict discharge regulations in place, there is limited evidence to suggest that the current Canadian regulatory thresholds for 226Ra are protective for aquatic life. This concern underscores the importance of generating toxicity data for 226Ra, as no federal Canadian water quality guidelines for 226Ra currently exist to safeguard aquatic ecosystems. The potential ecological risks of 226Ra are significant due to its high mobility under typical environmental conditions, long half-life (t1/2 ~ 1,600 years), bioaccumulative properties, and similarity to calcium (Ca2+). Considering this, the primary objective of this research was to gather data on the toxicity of 226Ra to the aquatic invertebrate Chironomus dilutus. For this purpose, a partial life cycle experiment was conducted, with larval growth, survival and pupation, and emergence and sex ratio of emerged adults, as the experimental endpoints. In addition, an assessment of oxidative stress as a potential cause of toxicity was performed. These experiments revealed that elevated activity concentrations of 226Ra (25.5 Bq/L) can significantly impact the growth of C. dilutus. However, none of the other nonlethal endpoints were significantly affected by 226Ra exposure, and there was no evidence of oxidative stress in exposed C. dilutus. Finally, 226Ra was shown to adsorb onto the silica sand used as a substrate for all experiments and desorbed following acid extraction.
Inhaled ozone induces distinct alterations in pulmonary function in models of acute and episodic exposure in female mice
Authors: Lee Jordan M , Meshanni Jaclynn A , Vayas Kinal N , Sunil Vasanthi R , Radbel Jared , Laskin Jeffrey D , Laskin Debra L , Gow Andrew J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ozone is an urban air pollutant known to cause lung injury and altered function. Using established models of acute (0.8 ppm, 3 h) and episodic (1.5 ppm, 2 h, 2 times/wk, 6 wk) inhalation exposure, we observed distinct structural changes in the lung; whereas acutely, ozone primarily disrupts the bronchiolar epithelial barrier, episodic exposure causes airway remodeling. Herein we examined how these responses altered pulmonary function. A SCIREQ small animal ventilator was used to assess lung function; impedance was used to conditionally model resistance and elastance. Episodic, but not acute ozone exposure reduced the inherent and frequency-dependent tissue recoil (elastance) of the lung. Episodic ozone also increased central and high-frequency resistance relative to air control after methacholine challenge, indicating airway hyperresponsiveness. Pressure-volume (PV)-loops showed that episodic ozone increased maximum lung volume, whereas acute ozone decreased lung volume. Episodic ozone-induced functional changes were accompanied by increases in alveolar circularization; conversely, minimal histopathology was observed after acute exposure. However, acute ozone exposure caused increases in total phospholipids, total surfactant protein D (SP-D), and low-molecular weight SP-D in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Episodic ozone exposure only increased total SP-D. These findings demonstrate that acute and episodic ozone exposure caused distinct alterations in surfactant composition and pulmonary function. Whereas loss in PV-loop area following acute ozone exposure is likely driven by increases in SP-D and inflammation, emphysematous pathology and airway hyperresponsiveness after episodic ozone appear to be the result of alterations in lung structure.
Cold exposure and thermoneutrality similarly reduce supraclavicular brown adipose tissue fat fraction in fasted young lean adults
Authors: van Eenige Robin , Hoekx Carlijn A. , Sardjoe Mishre Aashley S. D. , Straat Maaike E. , Boon Mariëtte R. , Martinez‐Tellez Borja , Rensen Patrick C. N. , Kan Hermien E. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBrown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically highly active tissue that dissipates energy stored within its intracellular triglyceride droplets as heat. Others have previously utilized MRI to show that the fat fraction of human supraclavicular BAT (scBAT) decreases upon cold exposure, compared with baseline (i.e., pre‐cooling). However, comparisons to a control group that was not exposed to cold are largely lacking. We recently developed a non‐invasive dynamic MRI protocol that allows for quantifying scBAT fat fraction changes over time. Here, we aimed to study the effect of cold exposure versus thermoneutrality on fat fraction changes in human scBAT. Ten young (mean age: 21.5 ± 0.7 years), lean (mean BMI: 21.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2), 12 h‐fasted volunteers (9 females; 1 male) underwent up to 70 consecutive MRI scans each on two separate study visits in a cross‐over design. Participants were exposed to a temperature of 32°C for 10 scans (i.e., ±16 min), which was then either lowered to 18°C (i.e., cold exposure) or was maintained at 32°C (i.e., thermoneutrality). Dynamic fat fraction changes were quantified, and self‐reported thermal perception scores were monitored. The fat fraction in scBAT decreased over time upon cold exposure (r = −.222, p < .001). Interestingly however, we also observed a decrease in scBAT fat fraction over time upon thermoneutrality (r = −.212, p < .001). No difference was observed between the two temperature conditions (p = .55), while self‐reported thermal perception scores were consistently higher (i.e., colder) upon cold exposure. In the trapezius muscle and the humerus bone as control tissues, the fat fraction was unaffected in both temperature conditions. The fat fraction in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) however, also decreased over time upon cold exposure (r = −.270, p < .001) and during thermoneutrality (r = −.190, p < .001), again with no difference (p = .92) between the two temperature conditions. In conclusion, our results show that in 12 h‐fasted, healthy individuals cold exposure and thermoneutrality similarly reduce the fat fraction within scBAT and sWAT. While we interpret that the cold exposure was sufficient to induce thermogenesis, we suggest that an increased lipolytic activity within adipocytes, as a consequence of fasting, may be the primary cause of the decreased fat fraction in both sWAT and scBAT in our study. The current study highlights the potential influence of fasting on the fat fraction in scBAT and stresses the importance of inclusion of a thermoneutral control group in studies investigating the BAT‐modulating effect of cold exposure.
Treatment Response Evaluation in Necrotizing Otitis Externa Using 18F-FDG-PET Imaging
Authors: Jansen Robin W. , Kemp Pieter , Wiegers Sanne E. , de Graaf Pim , van Schie Annelies , Martens Roland M. , Boellaard Ronald , Zwezerijnen Gerben J.C. , Goderie Thadé 
Published: January 2025

Objective
This study aims to identify 18F-FDG-PET imaging features for improving treatment response evaluation in patients with necrotizing otitis externa (NOE), aiding in the difficult differentiation between sterile inflammation and active infection.

Study Design
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting
Tertiary hospital.

Patients
Patients diagnosed with NOE between 2011 and 2022. NOE criteria included otalgia, otorrhea, granulation, and radiological features consistent with osteomyelitis.

Intervention

18F-FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) parameters were derived from manually delineated regions of interest and were evaluated on both pretreatment and end-of-treatment scans.

Main outcome measures
Recurrent disease of NOE after end-of-treatment 18F-FDG-PET scans.

Results
This study comprised 20 NOE patients, including 5 (25%) experiencing recurrent disease after the end-of-treatment scan. The end-of-treatment 18F-FDG-PET parameters of maximal and peak standardized uptake value (SUVmax and SUVpeak) were significantly higher in recurrent cases (p = 0.025 and p = 0.025, respectively). Both parameters demonstrated good discrimination ability in predicting recurrence, with optimal cutoffs yielding 100% sensitivity and 67% specificity. Other parameters, including mean SUV and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), did not yield significant results, neither did the calculated difference in uptake between end-of-treatment and pretreatment scans.

Conclusions
SUVpeak on 18F-FDG-PET was the preferred parameter for treatment response evaluation of NOE at the end-of-treatment scan. A high residual SUVpeak may adequately detect patients at risk for recurrent disease, which may necessitate prolonged treatment, while low SUVpeak is found in patients with low risk for recurrent disease permitting safe treatment cessation.
Hearing Preservation Outcomes in 230 Consecutive Patients with Small Vestibular Schwannomas Treated with Microsurgery
Authors: Jiramongkolchai Pawina , Vacaru Alexandra , Wahlin Tamara , Schwartz Marc S. , Friedman Rick A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective
To evaluate hearing preservation (HP) outcomes for patients with small sporadic vestibular schwannomas (VS) who elect to undergo microsurgical resection.

Study Design
Retrospective study.

Setting
Tertiary single-academic institution.

Patients
Individuals 18 years or older with small sporadic VS (≤15 mm) who underwent microsurgical resection from 2018 to 2023.

Interventions
Microsurgical resection via a middle cranial fossa (MCF) or retrosigmoid (RS) approach.

Main Outcome Measures
Postoperative HP (word recognition score ≥ 50%) and facial nerve function.

Results
Of the 230 consecutive patients with small sporadic VS who elected to undergo microsurgical resection, hearing was preserved in 61% of patients. When stratified by tumor size, patients with tumors ≤10 mm had a 72% hearing preservation rate. On multivariate analysis, the most important prognostic factors for hearing preservation were the presence of preoperative vertigo (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17–0.52) and tumor size. Patients with tumors between 0 to 5 mm and 5.1 to 10 mm had 3.62 higher odds (95% CI, 1.39–9.4) and 2.52 higher odds (95% CI, 1.30–4.9) of hearing preservation, respectively, when compared to patients with tumors that were larger than 10 mm. At the time of last follow-up, a House–Brackmann (HB) 1 or 2 was maintained in 95% (n = 218) patients.

Conclusions
Microsurgical resection for patients with small VS is associated with good hearing preservation and excellent facial nerve outcomes. Because larger tumor size portends poorer hearing outcomes, for patients who elect to undergo microsurgical resection for hearing preservation, proactive surgical intervention when tumors are ≤10 mm should be considered to increase the likelihood of hearing preservation.
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Recording of Simultaneous Electric–Acoustic Stimulation between Round Window Membrane and Basal Part of Cochlear Bone in guinea Pigs
Authors: Lin Yi-Chen , Huang Nai-Hsin , Chou Yu-Fu , Chen Bo-Cheng , Lin Lian-Jie , Hsu Wei-Chung , Lee Chia-Fone 
Published: January 2025

Hypothesis
Extracochlear electric–acoustic stimulation (EAS) between the round window membrane and the basal part of the cochlear bone exhibits distinct auditory brainstem response (ABR) characteristics.

Background
The use of EAS in individuals with residual hearing is becoming increasingly common in clinical settings. Ongoing research has explored the characteristics of EAS-induced responses in hearing cochleae.

Methods
This study explored a novel extracochlear EAS approach using round window membrane–cochlear bone stimulation to maintain cochlear integrity. The electrodes stimulate the basal part of the cochlea and spare the apex, making the model ideal for EAS candidates with profound high-frequency hearing loss and residual low-frequency hearing. ABR analyses of EAS were conducted to compare responses to acoustic, electrical, and combined stimulations.

Results
The threshold of EAS was higher than that of acoustic stimulation (AS) or electric stimulation (ES). The maximum peak height of the amplitude (MPHA) in the EAS showed sound pressure level (SPL)- and electric current-dependent changes, with superior performance at higher SPLs. The MPHA latency shift index analysis demonstrated significant differences between the EAS and the AS or ES only. In the context of EAS, neural responses occurring before 4 ms are defined as early responses, which are related to the stimulus. Late responses, occurring after 4 ms, suggest distinct physiological mechanisms that may involve synaptic actions or specific interactions within the EAS.

Conclusion
Extracochlear EAS provides insights into its physiological implications, proposes a method for clinical application, and offers a potential avenue for improving hearing preservation and performance.
Codon Usage Bias Analysis of theWRKYGene Family inMusa acuminata
Authors: Sun Jiaman , Zhang Ji , Zhang Jinzhong , Ferguson Brett J. , Chen Andrew 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCodon usage bias (CUB) is a universal phenomenon across all organisms and species, providing valuable insights into codon usage patterns to understand evolutionary mechanisms. TheWRKYtranscription factor family plays a pivotal role in regulating plant responses to various stresses at both physiological and biochemical levels. Bananas (Musaspp.), widely consumed as a fruit or staple food, are an important horticulture crop in the tropical and subtropical regions around the world. A total of 151WRKYtranscription factors were identified across the genome of theMusa acuminatabanana cultivar ‘Guijiao 9’, which has been shown to be resistant to the Tropical Race 4 of the Fusarium wilt of banana. The codons of these transcription factors, selected based on their expression from RNA-Seq data, were analysed to investigate the evolutionary patterns of WRKY genes inMusa acuminata. The average GC content ofMaWRKYgenes was 55.49%, with a GC3 content of 62.13%, indicating a preference for G/C-ending codons. Among the codons, 27 were identified as high frequency, with 22 ending in G or C. The high effective number of codons (ENC) values (34.53–60.79) and low codon adaptation index (CAI) values (0.143–0.3) suggested weak CUB and that was associated with low gene expression levels. ENC-plot, PR2-plot, and neutrality analysis revealed that both natural selection and mutation pressure contributed to the observed CUB, with natural selection being the dominant factor influencing the codon usage ofMaWRKYgenes inM. acuminata‘Guijiao 9’. Fourteen optimal codons, all ending in G or C, were identified. This analysis provides a theoretical foundation for further understanding the evolutionary mechanisms ofWRKYgenes and identifying key genes involved in resistance to biotic stress inMusa. Analysing the evolution ofWRKYfamily genes can offer valuable genetic insights into banana growth and development, supporting the phenotypic selection of banana hybrids in breeding programs.
Testing for changes in population trends from low-cost ecological count data
Authors: Singer Liam , Caduff Madleina , Aebischer Thierry , Tabiti Primaël , Freiberg Aimée , Ingensand Jens , Leuenberger Christoph , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAccurate and up-to-date knowledge of population trends is essential for effective biodiversity conservation, as is assessing the impact of conservation measures designed to alter these trends. Estimating population trends is challenging, however, either due to altogether insufficient data or due to so-called noisy data that do not readily allow for standard statistical analyses. In addition, many existing methods require monitoring data over long periods of time, which is in contrast to the quick interventions needed by conservation projects, especially when endangered species are involved.To address these issues, we here presentbirp, a novel Bayesian tool that maximizes the power to test for population trends and changes in trends under arbitrary designs, including the canonical before-after (BA), control-intervention (CI) and before-after-control-intervention (BACI) designs often used to assess conservation impact. Our model builds on classic Poisson and negative binomial models for ecological count data and infers changes in population trends jointly from data obtained with multiple survey methods such as track counts, camera trap surveys, or distance sampling, and also from limited and noisy data not necessarily collected in standardized ecological surveys. By focusing on the change itself, our method side-steps common challenges of estimating population trends and does not need to know about absolute population densities or detection probabilities.birpis open-source and available as both a standalone command line tool as well as an R-package for fast and easy use.We illustrate the power of our tool through extensive simulations and show that changes in trends are accurately estimated under various designs, even when data are noisy and sparse, and thereby enables biodiversity research also in regions that are remote and difficult to access.Usingbirp, we further test for changes in population trends of Tasmanian devils in Australia and of apex predators and their main prey in the Central African Republic. Based on these results we give general guidelines on survey designs that maximize the power to detect trends.
Large extracellular vesicles containing mitochondria (EVMs) derived from Alzheimer’s disease cells harbor pathologic functional and molecular profiles and spread mitochondrial dysfunctions
Authors: Eysert Fanny , Legros Véronique , Gay Anne-Sophie , Debayle Delphine , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Kaidi Khouloud , Chevreux Guillaume , Lagarde Julien , Checler Fréderic , Sarazin Marie , Potier Marie-Claude , Chami Mounia 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn addition to small extracellular vesicles known as exosomes, cells release large extracellular vesicles containing mitochondria (EVMs). However, the molecular and functional characteristics of EVMs, as well as the impact of EVM secretion on the spreading of mitochondrial dysfunction between cells, remain unknown in the context of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Here, we provide an ultrastructural, biochemical, and functional characterization of EVMs isolated from cells expressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) with the familial Swedish mutation (APPswe). We identified differential proteomic and lipidomic signatures in APPswe-derived EVMs compared to control EVMs and revealed a specific proteomic profile in EVMs isolated from conditioned media of fibroblasts from AD patients at the prodromal stage of the disease. Our findings show that APP-C terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) pathogenic accumulation in cells potentiates EVM secretion through the budding of the plasma membrane. We lastly demonstrated that APP-CTFs loaded EVMs are active carriers of dysfunctional mitochondria that transfer mitochondrial pathology to naïve control recipient cells.
Natural body-selective motion processing in humans: Evidence from event-related potentials
Authors: Chesley Jane , Riecke Lars , de Gelder Beatrice 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs social species, perception of body motion is crucial to daily interactions, yet the underlying neural processes and their dynamics are not fully understood. While well-established EEG evidence has identified temporal markers of biological body motion, and recent fMRI research points to naturalistic body networks, the temporal markers of higher-level, naturalistic body motion processes remain unknown. The present study bridges this gap, showing that at the stage of P2, the cortex may already distinguish between the global motion of naturalistic bodies compared to objects. Exploratory analyses point to a similar body-specific modulation across stimulus species, namely human and monkey. The findings of the present study expand our understanding of body motion processes, in line with emerging, integrative models of multi-faceted body processes.