bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Frail RISC-HIV: a Risk Score for Predicting Frailty Risk in the Short-term for Care of People with HIV
Authors: Ruderman Stephanie A. , Nance Robin M. , Drumright Lydia N. , Whitney Bridget M. , Hahn Andrew W. , Ma Jimmy , Haidar Lara , Eltonsy Sherif , Mayer Kenneth H. , Eron Joseph J. , Greene Meredith , Mathews William C. , Webel Allison , Saag Michael S. , Willig Amanda L. , Kamen Charles , McCaul Mary , Chander Geetanjali , Cachay Edward , Lober William B. , Pandya Chintan , Cartujano-Barrera Francisco , Kritchevsky Stephen B. , Austad Steven N. , Landay Alan , Kitahata Mari M. , Crane Heidi M. , Delaney Joseph A.C. 
Published: February 2023

Objective:
Frailty is common among people with HIV (PWH), so we developed frail risk in the short-term for care (RISC)-HIV, a frailty prediction risk score for HIV clinical decision-making.

Design:
We followed PWH for up to 2 years to identify short-term predictors of becoming frail.

Methods:
We predicted frailty risk among PWH at seven HIV clinics across the United States. A modified self-reported Fried Phenotype captured frailty, including fatigue, weight loss, inactivity, and poor mobility. PWH without frailty were separated into training and validation sets and followed until becoming frail or 2 years. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) and five-fold-cross-validation Lasso regression selected predictors of frailty. Predictors were selected by BMA if they had a greater than 45% probability of being in the best model and by Lasso if they minimized mean squared error. We included age, sex, and variables selected by both BMA and Lasso in Frail RISC-HIV by associating incident frailty with each selected variable in Cox models. Frail RISC-HIV performance was assessed in the validation set by Harrell's C and lift plots.

Results:
Among 3170 PWH (training set), 7% developed frailty, whereas among 1510 PWH (validation set), 12% developed frailty. BMA and Lasso selected baseline frailty score, prescribed antidepressants, prescribed antiretroviral therapy, depressive symptomology, and current marijuana and illicit opioid use. Discrimination was acceptable in the validation set, with Harrell's C of 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.73–0.79) and sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 61% at a 5% frailty risk cutoff.

Conclusions:
Frail RISC-HIV is a simple, easily implemented tool to assist in classifying PWH at risk for frailty in clinics.
Tuberculosis Preventative Therapy Initiation and Completion Among Adolescents and Young Adults Living With HIV in Kenya
Authors: Black Danae A. , LaCourse Sylvia M. , Njuguna Irene N. , Beima-Sofie Kristin M. , Mburu Caren W. , Mugo Cyrus , Itindi Janet , Onyango Alvin , Richardson Barbra A. , Wamalwa Dalton C. , John-Stewart Grace C. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among adolescents and young adults living with HIV (YWHIV) and their heightened risk warrants deeper understanding of utilization of tuberculosis-prevention measures within HIV care.

Setting:
Retrospective study using clinic surveys and medical record data from 86 Kenyan HIV clinics.

Methods:
Clinic surveys obtained information on tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) services. Medical records of YWHIV were abstracted. Bivariate and multivariate analyses used generalized linear models to determine individual-level and clinic-level cofactors of TPT initiation and completion.

Results:
Among 10,328 eligible YWHIV, 4337 (42.0%) initiated TPT. Of 3295 with ≥6 months follow-up, 1774 (53.8%) completed TPT. A lower patient-to-staff ratio was a clinic-level cofactor of TPT initiation (P = 0.044) and completion (P = 0.004); designated adolescent areas were associated with TPT initiation {prevalence ratio 2.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.46 to –2.88]}. Individual cofactors of TPT initiation included younger age at HIV-care enrollment [relative risk (RR) 0.85 (95% CI: 0.80 to 0.90)] and antiretroviral therapy (ART) duration [1–2 vs. <1 year RR 1.31 (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.45)]. TPT completion was associated with younger age [RR 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.98)] and ART duration [2–5 vs. <1 year RR 1.27 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.57)]. In multivariate models, TPT initiation was associated with younger age and ART duration [1–2 vs. 1 year; adjusted RR 1.30 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.46)] and TPT completion with ART duration [2–5 vs. 1 year adjusted RR 1.23 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.52)].

Conclusion:
Over half of YWHIV did not initiate and >40% did not complete TPT, with distinct clinic-level and individual-level cofactors. Approaches to enhance adolescent-friendly infrastructure and support older YWHIV are necessary to improve TPT use.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in the Differentiation of Common Pediatric Brain Tumors in the Posterior Fossa: Different Region-of-Interest Selection Methods for Time Efficiency, Measurement Reproducibility, and Diagnostic Utility
Authors: Chen Dehua , Lin Shan , She Dejun , Chen Qi , Xing Zhen , Zhang Yu , Cao Dairong 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
This study aimed to explore the diagnostic ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values obtained from different region of interest (ROI) measurements in tumor parenchyma for differentiating posterior fossa tumors (PFTs) and the correlations between ADC values and Ki-67.

Methods
Seventy-three pediatric patients with PFTs who underwent conventional diffusion-weighted imaging were recruited in this study. Five different ROIs were manually drawn by 2 radiologists (ROI-polygon, ROI-3 sections, ROI-3–5 ovals, ROI-more ovals, and ROI-whole). The interreader/intrareader repeatability, time required, diagnostic ability, and Ki-67 correlation analysis of the ADC values based on these ROI strategies were calculated.

Results
Both interreader and intrareader reliabilities were excellent for ADC values among the different ROI strategies (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.899–0.992). There were statistically significant differences in time consumption among the 5 ROI selection methods (P < 0.001). The time required for the ROI-3–5 ovals was the shortest (32.23 ± 5.14 seconds), whereas the time required for the ROI-whole was the longest (204.52 ± 92.34 seconds). The diagnostic efficiency of the ADC values showed no significant differences among the different ROI measurements (P > 0.05). The ADC value was negatively correlated with Ki-67 (r = −0.745 to −0.798, all P < 0.0001).

Conclusions
The ROI-3–5 ovals method has the best interobserver repeatability, the shortest amount of time spent, and the best diagnostic ability. Thus, it is considered an effective measurement to produce ADC values in the evaluation of pediatric PFTs.
Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography on a Detector-Based Spectral Computed Tomography Platform: Evaluation of Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System Score of 3 and Higher
Authors: Igi Mae , Miller Jenna , Sayers Kia , Smith David L. , Toshav Aran , Batte Catherine , Spieler Bradley , Danrad Raman 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography performed on a detector-based spectral scanner helps more closely approximate severity of stenosis with nuclear medicine and cardiac catheterization tests compared with single-energy CT (SECT) in patients with an original CAD-RADS score of 3 and higher.

Methods
This retrospective trial was conducted between January 2017 and December 2019 and included 52 patients with a CAD-RADS score of 3 and higher. Two reading sessions were performed 6 weeks apart. The first reading session was performed using only conventional images and the second reading session was performed using spectral results. Detector-based spectral CT CAD-RADS scores were compared with cardiac stress test and/or cardiac catheterization results for final characterization of stenosis in 41 segments from 32 patients. The mean CAD-RADS score was calculated for both the conventional images and spectral images.

Results
The CAD-RADS score for SECT and the score for spectral CT for the 41 segments were compared. Available associated stress test and/or cardiac catheterization results were also compared with CAD-RADS scores. In 51% (21/41), a diagnosis concordant with best practices results was achieved with the help of spectral CT results. A mean CAD-RADS score of 3.56 was obtained using spectral results, compared with 3.93 using conventional images. A 2-tailed paired t test determined the difference to be significant with a P value of 0.007.

Conclusions
Computed tomography coronary angiography is feasible on a detector-based spectral CT scanner and can improve diagnostic confidence over SECT angiography in patients with an original CAD-RADS score of 3 and higher.
Gastric Mucosal Viability Assessment Using 99mTcO4 in a Case of Pure Esophageal Atresia After Isoperistaltic Gastric Tube Replacement
Authors: Prakash Sneha , Kumar Rakesh , Tripathi Madhavi , Jha Vimalendu , Bajpai Minu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Gastric surface mucosal cells are responsible for the uptake and secretion of 99mTcO4, a feature that has been used in imaging heterotopic gastric mucosa. We used the same principle to look for gastric mucosal viability in this case of pure esophageal atresia admitted for cervical stomal closure after a previous isoperistaltic gastric tube (IGT) replacement procedure. 99mTcO4 scintigraphy was done after encountering a failure to maneuver the esophagoscope through the IGT. The study was helpful in assessing the loss of gastric mucosal viability in an intervening segment of the IGT.
18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT Findings of Myeloid Sarcoma
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Xiao , Chen Liming , Chen Yue , Xu Tingting 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A 28-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of swelling and pain in the chest wall. An irregular soft tissue mass in the chest wall and mediastinum was showed on chest CT. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed obvious FDG uptake in the mass. Subsequently, the patient was participated in a 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT tumor clinical trial. 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT also showed elevated tracer uptake in the mass. Biopsy of the mass confirmed a diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma.
Atypically Intense Pharmacologically Induced Brown Fat Activation on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Brahmbhatt Pavan , Ataei Fatemeh , Parent Ephraim E. , Sharma Akash 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Brown fat activation with increased radiotracer localization on FDG PET/CT studies is a well-known phenomenon. Activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) is usually seen in the supraclavicular region, but also in paraspinal and rarely in upper abdominal fat. Ours is a unique case of atypically intense, multilobular FDG uptake in activated BAT. Chart review revealed that the patient was receiving mirabegron, a known activator of brown fat. Methods of reducing brown fat uptake are known, but little information is reported on pharmacologic causes of increased uptake. Factors increasing FDG uptake in BAT should also be considered when interpreting PET/CT studies.
68Ga-FAPI Versus 18F-FDG PET/CT in Evaluating Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Zheng Shan , Lin Junyu , Zhu Youzhi , Chen Yun , Zhang Jiaying , Chen Xiangjin , Miao Weibing 
Published: February 2023

Purpose
This study aimed to compare the performance of 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Methods
Thirty-four women with newly diagnosed breast cancer who underwent both 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT within 1 week were prospectively included in the study. The imaging characteristics of primary lesions, diagnostic efficiency of lymph node metastasis (LNM), and accuracy of N stage evaluation between 2 PET/CTs were compared.

Results

68Ga-FAPI showed higher SUVmax (11.06 ± 5.48 vs 8.33 ± 6.07, P = 0.02) and tumor-to-background ratio (15.32 ± 10.33 vs 8.25 ± 5.51, P < 0.001) than 18F-FDG in primary tumors. 68Ga-FAPI SUVmax was positively correlated with the pathological grade of the primary lesions and the final stage of the patients (P < 0.001). The specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-FAPI was higher than that of 18F-FDG in the diagnosis of LNMs on patient-based and lesion-based analysis (P < 0.001). The accuracy for the evaluation of N stage and N0 axillar status was 91.2% (31/34) and 85.7% (12/14) for 68Ga-FAPI, and 73.5% (25/34) and 42.9% (6/14) for 18F-FDG, respectively.

Conclusions
The 68Ga-FAPI SUVmax was positively correlated with the pathological grade of the primary lesions and the final stage of the patients. 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT has higher accuracy than 18F-FDG in the evaluation of N stage, especially N0 axillar status, which is helpful to improve the treatment strategy for breast cancer patients.
Increased 18F-PSMA and 18F-FDG Uptake in Lipomatous Hypertrophy of the Interatrial Septum
Authors: Grünig Hannes , Strobel Klaus , Zander Andrea , del Sol Pérez Lago Maria 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS) is a benign anomaly with low prevalence. Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum is asymptomatic in most of the cases and rarely leads to atrial arrhythmias, obstructive flow symptoms, or sudden death. It is mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding in cross-sectional imaging and echocardiography, and increased 18F-FDG uptake on LHIS has been described. We present a case of repeated increased 18F-PSMA uptake in LHIS. Although very rare, familiarity with the typical features and prevalence of LHIS in PET/CT can avoid misinterpretation for metastatic disease.
Donor BMI and Post–living Donor Liver Transplantation Outcomes: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Lin Jessica S. , Muhammad Haris , Lin Timothy , Kamel Ihab , Baghdadi Azarakhsh , Rizkalla Nicole , Ottmann Shane E. , Wesson Russell , Philosophe Benjamin , Gurakar Ahmet 
Published: February 2023

Background.
Living liver donor obesity has been considered a relative contraindication to living donation given the association with hepatic steatosis and potential for poor donor and recipient outcomes. We investigated the association between donor body mass index (BMI) and donor and recipient posttransplant outcomes.

Methods.
We studied 66 living donors and their recipients who underwent living donor liver transplant at our center between 2013 and 2020. BMI was divided into 3 categories (<25, 25–29.9, and ≥30 kg/m2). Magnetic resonance imaging–derived proton density fat fraction was used to quantify steatosis. Donor outcomes included length of stay (LOS), emergency department visits within 90 d, hospital readmissions within 90 d, and complication severity. Recipient outcomes included LOS and in-hospital mortality. The Student t test was used to compare normally distributed variables, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for nonparametric data.

Results.
There was no difference in donor or recipient characteristics based on donor BMI. There was no significant difference in mean magnetic resonance imaging fat percentage among the 3 groups. Additionally, there was no difference in donor LOS (P = 0.058), emergency department visits (P = 0.64), and hospital readmissions (P = 0.66) across BMI category. Donor complications occurred in 30 patients. There was no difference in postdonation complications across BMI category (P = 0.19); however, there was a difference in wound complications, with the highest rate being seen in the highest BMI group (0% versus 16% versus 37%; P = 0.041). Finally, there was no difference in recipient LOS (P = 0.83) and recipient in-hospital mortality (P = 0.29) across BMI category.

Conclusions.
Selecting donors with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 can result in successful living donor liver transplantation; however, they are at risk for perioperative wound complications. Donor counseling and perioperative strategies to mitigate wound-related issues should be used when considering obese living donors.
Characterization of the redox status of cancer patients through the d-ROMs and BAP test and correlation of these parameters with blood variables
Authors: de Oliveira Clarissa Aires , Iorio Eugenio Luigi , Paraiso Lara Ferreira , Espindola Foued Salmen 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTOxidative distress and inflammation are common biochemical disorders in individuals with cancer. The measurement of oxidative stress in oncology can be useful in clinical practice to monitor the effectiveness of therapy and unwanted effects of the treatment. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the redox status through the reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) and biological antioxidant potential (BAP) tests and investigate the correlations of these parameters with blood variables in cancer patients. This is an observational, retrospective study of analysis of medical records of patients evaluated the period from 2018 to 2020 in an integrative medicine center. The inclusion criteria were individuals of both sexes, over 18 years of age, diagnosed with cancer who performed the d-ROMs and BAP test in the same period of blood analysis. Following the inclusion criteria, the final sample of the study were 57 individuals, 60% were woman and 40% were men. The evaluation of redox state showed that the d-ROMs were high (420.2 ± 112.1 U CARR) in total sample and higher in women compared to male (p < 0.01) and BAP tests were normal (2332 ± 812 μmol/l). The oxidative parameters, d-ROMs and OSI, was correlated positively with BAP, red cell distribution width (only d-ROMs), platelets (Plt), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) and negatively with hemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). Regarding the antioxidant potential index, BAP/dROMs, were correlated positively with Hb and serum albumin (HAS) and negatively correlated with Plt, CRP and ESR. The study shows that redox status of an individual with cancer is altered, and it is possible to monitor this system in clinical practice through d-ROMs and BAP test. These parameters, in addition to being suitable for assessing oxidative stress, were correlated with parameters predictors of inflammation.
Predicting response to cytotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Thompson Joe Sneath , Madrid Laura , Hernando Barbara , Sauer Carolin M. , Vias Maria , Escobar-Rey Maria , Leung Wing-Kit , Huckstep Jamie , Sekowska Magdalena , Hosking Karen , Jimenez-Linan Mercedes , Reinius Marika A. V. , Dobson Harry , De Silva Dilrini , Fernández-Sanromán Ángel , Sanders Deborah , Martins Filipe Correia , Quintela-Fandino Miguel , Markowetz Florian , Yip Jason , Brenton James D , Piskorz Anna M , Macintyre Geoff 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCytotoxic chemotherapies have been a crucial part of cancer treatment for over 40 years. While their primary target is cancer cells, they can also harm normal cells, resulting in dose-limiting toxicity. Most chemotherapies were approved before the advent of precision biomarkers, as such, many patients experience severe toxic side effects without any benefit. To address this challenge, we have developed three precision biomarkers to predict response to platins, taxanes, and anthracyclines. Based on chromosomal instability (CIN) signatures, these biomarkers can be computed from a single genomic test. For platins and taxanes, we used CIN signatures related to impaired homologous recombination, while for anthracyclines, we discovered a CIN signature representing micronuclei induction which predicts resistance. In a clinical study involving 41 high-grade serous ovarian cancers, patients predicted to be sensitive by these biomarkers showed significantly prolonged progression-free survival. To further validate the effectiveness of the taxane and anthracycline predictors, we conducted a retrospective randomised control study involving 182 ovarian and 219 breast cancer patients. Patients predicted as resistant showed increased risk of time to treatment failure compared to standard of care, hazard ratios of 1.73 (95%CI=0.98-3.07) for taxane in ovarian, 3.67 (95%CI=2.12-6.34) for taxane in breast, and 1.93 (95%CI=1.22-3.04) for doxorubicin in ovarian. We also found that liquid biopsies can be used to make these predictions in up to 30% of ovarian cancer patients. Our findings highlight the clinical value of CIN signatures in predicting treatment response to various chemotherapies across multiple different types of cancer. The ability to quantify multiple CIN signature biomarkers using a single genomic test offers a unified approach to guide treatment decisions for cytotoxic chemotherapies. Ultimately, this has the potential to transform the current one-size-fits-all chemotherapy approach into a more precise and tailored form of medicine.
High number of SARS-CoV-2 persistent infections uncovered through genetic analysis of samples from a large community-based surveillance study
Authors: Ghafari Mahan , Hall Matthew , Golubchik Tanya , Ayoubkhani Daniel , House Thomas , MacIntyre-Cockett George , Fryer Helen , Thomson Laura , Nurtay Anel , Buck David , Green Angie , Trebes Amy , Piazza Paolo , Lonie Lorne J , Studley Ruth , Rourke Emma , Smith Darren , Bashton Matthew , Nelson Andrew , Crown Matthew , McCann Clare , Young Gregory R , dos Santos Rui Andre Nunes , Richards Zack , Tariq Adnan , Cahuantzi Roberto ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute COVID-19 Surveillance Team,   COVID-19 Infection Survey Group,   The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, Barrett Jeff , Fraser Christophe , Bonsall David , Walker Ann Sarah , Lythgoe Katrina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPersistent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections may act as viral reservoirs that could seed future outbreaks1–5, give rise to highly divergent lineages6–8, and contribute to cases with post-acute Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) sequelae (Long Covid)9,10. However, the population prevalence of persistent infections, their viral load kinetics, and evolutionary dynamics over the course of infections remain largely unknown. We identified 381 infections lasting at least 30 days, of which 54 lasted at least 60 days. These persistently infected individuals had more than 50% higher odds of self-reporting Long Covid compared to the infected controls, and we estimate that 0.09-0.5% of SARS-CoV-2 infections can become persistent and last for at least 60 days. In nearly 70% of the persistent infections we identified, there were long periods during which there were no consensus changes in virus sequences, consistent with prolonged presence of non-replicating virus. Our findings also suggest reinfections with the same major lineage are rare and that many persistent infections are characterised by relapsing viral load dynamics. Furthermore, we found a strong signal for positive selection during persistent infections, with multiple amino acid substitutions in the Spike and ORF1ab genes emerging independently in different individuals, including mutations that are lineage-defining for SARS-CoV-2 variants, at target sites for several monoclonal antibodies, and commonly found in immunocompromised patients11–14. This work has significant implications for understanding and characterising SARS-CoV-2 infection, epidemiology, and evolution.