bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress of the RADIX (Rapid Access Drilling and Ice eXtraction) fast-access drilling system
Authors: Schwander Jakob , Stocker Thomas F. , Walther Remo , Marending Samuel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract. RADIX (Rapid Access Drilling and Ice eXtraction) is a prospecting drilling system that has been designed, realized and tested on polar ice
sheets. The goal of RADIX is to provide rapid, deep access for sampling of ice and downhole physical measurements that inform about ice sheet age
and history and the integrity of layering. A 20 mm access hole is drilled with a hydraulic coiled tubing system where the tube consists of a
plastic hose. The ice cuttings are flushed to the surface in normal circulation, i.e., between the hose and borehole wall, and can be sampled for
analysis. After drilling, a dedicated logger with a 15 mm diameter is deployed into the hole for measuring the geometric orientation of the
hole, the temperature profile and the dust content in the surrounding ice (optical dust logger). The equipment has been tested and improved during
six field projects in Greenland and Antarctica. It is designed to ultimately drill through a 3000 m ice sheet within roughly 1 week. The
greatest depth reached so far was 324 m during the last field project at Little Dome C.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Martins Lauber 
Published: March 2023

The editorial of Thermal Engineering of this issue continues the discussion on scientific research needs in vital areas in which thermal engineering has important participation. The main goal is to motivate the readers, within their specialties, to identify possible subjects for their future research. The ever growing global energy demand requires de development of alternative fuels. That demand has propelled the search for viable sources of clean energy. The investment in research and development in renewable energy has increased in recent years and the economic viability of those sources of energy has become closer to reality. One of the major downsides of the production of biofuels from vegetal sources is the use of land that would be used to produce food to produce agricultural products that will be used to produce fuel. Taking that context in consideration, the development of a methodology economically viable that produces biofuels and bioproducts from microalgae is a solution that meets the criteria aforementioned. Energy applications is the biggest assets of microalgae growth; it can generate biohydrogen, biodiesel and biogas. Biodiesel is produced from microalgae oil, gas methane is produced by the anaerobic digestion (AD) of microalgae biomass and biohydrogen is produced by photolysis in the photochemical step of the photosynthesis. Hydrocarbons with similar composition of jet fuel can be obtained from microalgae by distillation. Other than that, microalgae can be used as supplies for pharmaceutical companies with high added value product as carotenoids, for example. Microalgae can be produced in photobioreactos (PBR’s). PBR’s are designed in a way that do not compete with the use of land for produce. The mission of Thermal Engineering is to document the scientific progress in areas related to thermal engineering (e.g., energy, oil and renewable fuels). We are confident that we will continue to receive articles’ submissions that contribute to the progress of science.
The Effects of the Online versus Face-to-face (F2F) Modes of Teaching on the Academic Achievement of EFL Learners in Writing Skills Courses
Authors: Abduh Mariam Yousef , Khan Mohammad Owais 
Published: March 2023

English as a Foreign Language (EFL) practitioners regard writing as one of the most innovative discrete skills to teach. Many researchers examined the writing difficulties of EFL students and provided resolutions and guidance. Although the viability of the planned objectives was re-examined before any conclusions were made. However, this research aimed to investigate the effect of online and face-to-face (F2F) teaching methods on students’ academic performance in writing skills. The participants, N=44, were divided into two groups A and B and belonged to the English department in the second semester at Najran University, Najran, KSA. The controlled group A received online instruction, whereas the experimental group B received face-to-face instruction. A quasi-experimental study design was employed using the pre-test and the post-test research instruments. A test was administered to two groups to measure their levels of homogeneity at the beginning of the semester. Another test was then administered to the same groups after the first semester of teaching. In order to analyze the data, the SPSS program was used. According to the results, the F2F intervention improved student performance over the online mode. The F2F mode of participation was more comfortable and engaging for participants than the online mode. Additionally, F2F discussion produced better writing performances from the students than online communication does. Thus, despite certain benefits associated with F2F learning, further research is required in order to fully understand how F2F teaching approaches affect English learners' academic achievement in writing.
К ВОПРОСУ ОБ УПРАВЛЕНИИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИМИ РЕСУРСАМИ В МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ КОМПАНИЯХ
Authors: Бакирбекова А.М.  
Published: March 2023

В статье рассмотрен вопрос об управлении человеческими ресурсами в международных компаниях с учетом критерии отбора и оценки персонала. Отдельно раскрыты внешние и внутренние факторы, влияющие на управление персоналом в международных компаниях. Выявлено, что управление человеческими ресурсами в международных компаниях отличается высоким влиянием внешних факторов от управления человеческими ресурсами в одной стране. Дополнительное влияние на функции управления человеческими ресурсами оказывает потребность адаптации программ и политик для персонала к каждой стране, согласно внутренней политике этой страны. В результате проведенного исследования подведен вывод, что международные компании вносят свой вклад в разработку международных норм в области управления человеческими ресурсами и в мотивационные программы. Они разрабатывают механизмы, которые способствуют передаче знаний и опыта между странами, и это является важным аспектом международной системы управления человеческими ресурсами.
Prime Minister Mudra Yojana and Economic Development of India
Authors: Gautam Ajay 
Published: March 2023

A large part of the Indian population lives in the rural areas of the nation and is excluded from the financial services available in the urban areas. Many people in India do not have access to farmland despite India being an agriculture-dominant country. Owing to limited job opportunities, most of the people are left to their own devices to earn a livelihood. Moreover, many such people belong to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other backward classes, who lack proper education, training and financial support. They initiate a micro enterprise or any retail trading activity, which has the potential to expand and grow. If this potential could be harnessed with some guidance, financial support, and training, it could be a huge milestone in the economic growth of the country. The Honourable Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi recognized the potential of the under-privileged section of the society and launched this Mudra scheme. This scheme has the potential to be a game changer; it can boost a whole new generation of entrepreneurs who can succeed.
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana or Prime Minister Mudra scheme aims to provide financial support to micro/small entrepreneurs by meeting their credit aspirations and by offering an opportunity to grow and expand business. In the Union Budget of 2015-16, the Mudra scheme was proposed by the Finance Minister of India. The primary goal is to “fund the unfunded”, banks are required to provide hassle-free loans under this scheme as per the requirements of the borrower. The end users of this scheme are entrepreneurs in rural hinterlands, women entrepreneurs, micro manufacturers, artisans, small-scale businessmen and tradesmen. This study is primarily focused on analyzing the pros and cons of this scheme in order to analyze its impact on the economic development of the country. The methodology of the study will be based on empirical reviews that are based on the available literature related to the Prime Minister Mudra Scheme. It will focus on understanding the usefulness of the scheme to the citizens.
Planned Relocation
Authors: Salem Saber 
Published: March 2023

Climate change is undeniably a global phenomenon, which requires timely global efforts and sincere commitments to save the planet before it is too late. The blue Pacific region as a whole is experiencing the destructive effects of climate change, arguably more so than any other nation in the world. Scientists warn us that this slow-in-motion phenomenon is claiming entire nations and will continue to do so. Nations will cease to exist on the face of the earth as early next century. Sea level rise is one of the biggest existential threats that the region is facing. Countries such as Tuvalu, Kiribati and the Marshall Islands have already started sinking, with their citizens looking for alternate countries.
In Fiji, more than 200 low-lying villages are at risk of sinking and the government with its meagre economy has decided to relocate these communities to higher ground. The relocates will lose their most precious commodity, the land, which is their identity, status and source of survival. The other most precious commodity to which they attach a sense of belonging which will be lost for life is their ancestral home, along with their culture and traditional way of life. The relocation plan also creates a large distance between people and the sea, which is the source of their food.
This article argues that despite being considered as an effective adaptation mechanism to climate change, the relocation plan is facing multiple hurdles. The plan is far beyond the financial capacity and technical prowess of the Fijian government. The other possible alternative to mass relocation is strengthening the locally-made seawalls into strong durable structures, which can withstand the strength of cyclones and be an effective barrier to further shoreline erosion into the sea. The small island developing nations of the Pacific region will need the financial and technical assistance of industrialised nations to implement the project successfully.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES PRODUCED BY NOVEL COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI (CNS) ISOLATED FROM FERMENTED DAIRY PRODUCTS IN MALANG, INDONESIA
Authors: Firdausy Alif Firman , Walidah Ziyana , Mufidah Kurnia , Rahmadhany Azizah Nurul , Ningrum Nofita Diyah , Adila Afnan 
Published: March 2023

Yogurt and kefir are well-known fermented dairy products that provide many benefits to human health. Microorganisms contained in yogurt and kefir play an important role to produce bioactive metabolites, including eradicating pathogens. This study presents the antimicrobial activity of 12 strains isolated from kefir and yogurt samples obtained in Malang, Indonesia. Strain K3 from kefir shows the highest antimicrobial activity with the diameter of the inhibitory zone was 8.11±0.07 mm against Escherichia coli and 8.20±0.17 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. Phenotypic characterization through Gram-staining, endospore-forming, motility, catalase, oxidase, and carbohydrate fermentation test, and genotypic identification through the 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify the species of isolate. Based on the result, K3 was characterized as non-motile Gram-negative bacilli bacteria, tested negative in endospore formation, catalase, and oxidase. According to the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the isolate was classified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain UTI-045 with 100% of similarity. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis of the strain’s cell-free supernatant (CFS) reveals 3,6-Dioxa-2, 7-disilaoctane, 2,2,4,7,7-pentamethyl- (Rt=9.449 min); and Propanoic acid, 2-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trimethylsilyl ester (Rt=11.328 min) as the active metabolites.
El e-commerce en la venta de bebidas alcohólicas, caso: cantón El Empalme, provincia del Guayas.
Authors: Feijó Cuenca Nilba Priscila 
Published: March 2023

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar la percepción sobre la compra y venta de bebidas alcohólicas a través e-commerce en el cantón El Empalme, provincia del Guayas. El estudio descriptivo consideró la aplicación de encuestas a clientes y observación a vendedores para hacer un contraste efectivo de la información, tomando en cuenta el análisis de informes realizados por la Cámara Ecuatoriana de Comercio Electrónico (CECE) en correlación al comportamiento de las empresas y los clientes durante la pandemia. Los resultados indican que el modelo de comercio electrónico en Ecuador aún no se ha establecido del todo ya que el cliente mantiene ciertos niveles de desconfianza, a pesar de que, en pandemia se transformó en la vía para efectuar transacciones de compra-venta.
PEMANFAATAN MODEL COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK TWO STAY TWO STRAY DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PELAJARAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Authors: Gianistika Chika , Ajeng Arini Dede , Azizah Syifa 
Published: March 2023

Berdasar studi awal, kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi tokoh sejarah pada masa Hindu, Budha dan Islam di kelas V SD Negeri Parungjaya. Guru masih melakukan pembelajaran yang tradisional hanya berceramah mengenai materi yang akan diajarkan, jadi konsep-konsep IPS yang diperoleh siswa pun hanya berupa konsep-konsep yang sudah ada, dan hasil belajar siswa berada di bawah KKM. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka diterapkanlah suatu model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik two stay two stray dengan menggunakan media gambar. Melalui metode penelitian tindakan kelas (classroom action research), dengan menggunakan instrument observasi, wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan tes akhir sebagai upaya untuk memperbaiki permasalahan tersebut di atas. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik two stay two stray dengan menggunakan media gambar pada materi tokoh sejarah pada masa hindu, budha dan islam di kelas V SD Negeri Parungjaya. Selain dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa, juga dapat meningkatkan kinerja guru dan aktivitas siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil pelaksanaan tindakan sebanyak dua siklus, persentase pencapaian indikator dari siklus I sampai siklus II mengalami peningkatan. data awal siswa yang tuntas sebanyak enam siswa dengan persentase 37,5%, pada siklus I menjadi siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 12 siswa dengan persentase 75%, pada siklus II menjadi siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 14 siswa dengan persentase 87,5%. Dengan demikian, penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif teknik two stay two stray dengan menggunakan media gambar di kelas V SD Negeri Parungjaya dapat meningkatkan pemahaman materi tokoh sejarah pada masa hindu, budha dan islam dan hasil belajar siswa.
Part I: Some El Paso guide fossils. Part II. Fossils from the Smith Basin Limestone of the Fort Ann region. Part III. Fossils from the Fort Ann Formation. Part IV. Merostomes from the Cassinian portion of the El Paso Group
Authors: Flower Rousseau H. 
Published: March 2023

Fossils from the El Paso Group are here figured and described, largely species diagnostic of some horizons or of correlative significance. The forms are listed in the Table of Contents. Here are brought together illustrations and descriptions of some fossils from the El Paso Group of NM and western Texas. They are largely forms which characterize several of the formations or are of correlative significance. The selection is far from being representative. No attempt is made to treat the calcareous algae, abundant and massive at several horizons. As yet these fossils have not yielded taxonomically in such a way that those of the various horizons can be distinguished.Cephalopods, particularly the endoceroids, supply associations which characterize three main and several minor horizons. The Endoceratida are being treated in a separate work, which has now grown to somewhere around 40 plates and a bale of manuscript, and it seems unwise to duplicate any of this work here. The endoceroids supply the main faunal criteria for the recognition of the faunas of the Cooks, the Victorio Hills, and the McKelligon Formations. Another work in an advanced stage includes the Tarphyceratida, the exogastric cyrtocones and nautilicones, also of considerable faunal significance though less generally abundant. Ellesmeroceratida of the El Paso Group were included in a revision of the order already published. Some new forms have since come to light.Sponges are abundant in several horizons from the Cooks Formation to the top of the El Paso Group; they are particularly characteristic of stromatolitic facies where slender endoceroids and the more rapidly expanding piloceroids are also abundant. The El Paso materials have been entrusted to Dr. Keith Rigby for description, and they promise to yield information of faunal and stratigraphic value. The author was tempted to figure some of these, but was unable to find some of the negatives, and the best specimens were on loan.The residue from which selected forms are described, is a heterogeneous lot. A number of the species which characterize several horizons, have been in manuscript for some years, and some have been mentioned, though only broadly identified, in summaries of the El Paso, largely prepared by requests for various guidebooks. Delay was caused in part by taxonomic problems in groups of which the writer's knowledge is far from intimate, and in part by the constant hope of obtaining additional and better material.
Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits and molluscan faunas, east-central New Mexico
Authors: Leonard A. B. , Frye J. C. 
Published: March 2023

A reconnaissance of Pliocene and Pleistocene geology, and Pleistocene fossil mollusks was made for the region of east-central New Mexico, including the High Plains and Pecos valley areas, northward from northern Eddy County to the south side of Canadian River valley. The Ogallala Formation (Pliocene) was deposited by streams flowing east-southeast, resulting in a broad alluviated plain that masked the earlier erosional topography. Early Pleistocene time witnessed structural tilting and warping, increased precipitation, and development of a new drainage system that flowed eastward through the now abandoned Portales valley into Texas. An independent southward drainage system captured the drainage through Portales valley in the vicinity of Fort Sumner, and thus produced the present Pecos River.Molluscan faunal assemblages from 45 localities produced a composite fauna of 47 species; 2 assemblages are from deposits judged to be Kansan, 7 assemblages are from Holocene terrace deposits dated at 6,000 to 5,000 radiocarbon years B.P.; the remaining assemblages are Woodfordian, 7 of them radiometrically dated at ages ranging from 18,000 to 13,000 B.P. Inferences drawn from the molluscan faunas include: 1) the 2 Kansas faunas lived in a xeric environment not unlike that produced by the present-day climate; 2) a long, perhaps intermittent pluvial period existed in the region from 18,000 to 13,000 B.P. and perhaps longer; and 3) by about 5,000 B.P. the present semiarid climate was well established. While the long pluvial period produced environments suitable for branchiate gastropods, many aquatic pulmonates, and a variety of terrestrial gastropods, evidence of forest cover or a climate significantly cooler than today is not clear.
FREQUENCY AND REASONS OF DELAYED INITIATION OF TREATMENT AFTER DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV): A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Ali Sarfaraz  , Mehwish Akhtar  , Tahir Mahmud  , Qurrat ul Ain Naqvi  , Tariq Iqbal  , Huda Abbas  , Faiza Anwar  
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective: The rise in incidence and prevalence of cases of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has made it a disease of public health concern especially in under-developed countries. Timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment, the only effective strategy to break the chain of transmission in the community, is a caveat in the measures taken for its prevention. The objective of this study was to determine frequency and the reasons behind delay in initiating treatment after being diagnosed with HIV among patients presenting to a public sector hospital.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the HIV center of Aziz Bhatti Hospital, Gujrat for six months after approval from ERB. About 200 diagnosed HIV patients fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study after an informed consent. Data were collected by personal interviews and information regarding their timing of initiation of therapy and reasons behind delay in treatment were noted in a questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0 and cross tabulation was done keeping p-value <0.05 as significant.
Results: Among 200 study participants, mean age was 26.5 ± 5.68 years including 126 (63%) males and 74 (27%) females. About 34 (17%) of patients were found to have a delay in initiation of treatment for more than 6 months. Patients reported multiple reasons behind the delay in initiation of treatment the most frequent was being in denial in which they did not believe the test results 32 (94%) followed by difficulty in accessing health care 28 (82.3%). Age was found to be significantly related with delay (p= <0.001) while relationship of gender with delay in treatment was found to be insignificant.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that a considerable proportion of patients diagnosed with HIV delay their treatment because of lack of acceptance of results or access to health care. Proper educational session of these patients along with increasing the accessibility to health care facilities can result in timely management and better outcomes in these patients.