bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drivers of soil organic carbon stock during tropical forest succession
Authors: Satdichanh Manichanh , Dossa Gbadamassi G. O. , Yan Kai , Tomlinson Kyle W. , Barton Kasey E. , Crow Susan E. , Winowiecki Leigh , Vågen Tor‐G , Xu Jianchu , Harrison Rhett D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Soil organic matter contributes to productivity in terrestrial ecosystems and contains more carbon than is found in the atmosphere. Yet, there is little understanding of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration processes during tropical forest succession, particularly after land abandonment from agriculture practices.

Here, we used vegetation and environmental data from two large‐scale surveys covering a total landscape area of 20,000 ha in Southeast Asia to investigate the effects of plant species diversity, functional trait diversity, phylogenetic diversity, above‐ground biomass and environmental factors on SOC sequestration during forest succession.

We found that functional trait diversity plays an important role in determining SOC sequestration across successional trajectories. Increases in SOC carbon storage were associated with indirect positive effects of species diversity and succession age via functional trait diversity, but phylogenetic diversity and above‐ground biomass showed no significant relationship with SOC stock. Furthermore, the effects of soil properties and functional trait diversity on SOC carbon storage shift across elevation.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that reforestation and restoration management practices that implement a trait‐based approach by combining long‐lived and short‐lived species (conservative and acquisitive traits) to increase plant functional diversity could enhance SOC sequestration for climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts, as well as accelerate recovery of healthy soils.
Ultrasonic extraction of soy protein isolate: Characterization and comparison with microwave and enzymatic extraction methods
Authors: Das Dipak , Panesar Parmjit S. , Saini Charanjiv S. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoy meal as an agro‐industrial by‐product produced by the soybean oil processing industry is rich in protein. To valorize soy meal, the present study was aimed at the optimization of soy protein isolate (SPI) extraction by ultrasound treatment, its characterization, and comparison with microwave, enzymatic, and conventionally extracted SPI. Maximum yield (24.17% ± 0.79%) and protein purity (91.6% ± 1.08%) of SPI were obtained at the optimized ultrasound extraction conditions of 15.38:1 (liquid–solid ratio), 51.85% (amplitude), 21.70°C (temperature), 3.49 s (pulse), and 11.01 min (time). The SPI extracted with ultrasound treatment showed a smaller particle size (27.24 ± 0.33 µm) as compared to that extracted with microwave, enzymatically, or conventional treatment. Functional characteristics, namely, water and oil binding capacity, emulsion properties, and foaming properties of ultrasonically extracted SPI were increased by 40%–50% as compared to SPI extracted with microwave treatment, enzymatically, or conventionally. Structural and thermal properties studied by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning colorimeter showed amorphous, secondary structural change, and high thermal resistance of ultrasonically extracted SPI. Increased functionality of ultrasonically obtained SPI can enhance its application in the development of various new food products.Practical ApplicationSoybean meal is one of the richest sources of protein and has huge potential to lessen protein‐based malnutrition. Most of the studies on soy protein extraction were found to be based on the conventional methods that yield less quantity of protein. Hence, ultrasound treatment which is one of the novel nonthermal techniques has been selected for the present work and optimized for soy protein extraction. The ultrasound treatment showed significant improvement in extraction yield, proximate composition, amino acids profile, and improvement of functional properties of SPI as compared to the conventional, microwave, and enzymatic methods which proved the novelty of the work. Hence, the ultrasound technique could be used to increase the applications of SPI for developing a wide range of food products.
Who has naming rights? The framing of children's mental health issues in discursive therapy with their caregivers
Authors: Reid Katherine 
Published: June 2023

AbstractChildren in Western countries are being referred for therapy at increased rates. There is, however, a lack of research that explores how social workers, in the role of therapist, engage children and their caregivers to determine the ‘presenting concerns’ for therapy. This study uses a Critical Discourse analysis of therapy transcripts to investigate if and how children are afforded the right to name the issues they may face. The study examines the politics of knowledge production in the therapeutic triad between the therapist, child and caregiver. The messy realities of child‐centred practice are shown. The findings reveal the complex operations of power in therapy interactions and the influence of behavioural discourses in framing children's mental health issues, positioning children as therapeutic subjects. Findings underscore the need for social workers to find socio‐political ways to conceptualize, with children, the issues that impact on their lives, using externalizing practices and therapeutic resources.
Predictive nomogram models for unfavorable prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Analysis from a prospective, observational cohort in China
Authors: Li Sijia , Zhang Jia , Li Ning , Wang Dandan , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to identify predictors for 3‐month poor functional outcome or death after aSAH and develop precise and easy‐to‐use nomogram models.MethodsThe study was performed at the department of neurology emergency in Beijing Tiantan Hospital. A total of 310 aSAH patients were enrolled between October 2020 and September 2021 as a derivation cohort, while a total of 208 patients were admitted from October 2021 to March 2022 as an external validation cohort. Clinical outcomes included poor functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) of 4–6 or all‐cause death at 3 months. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, as well as multivariable regression analysis, were applied to select independent variables associated with poor functional outcome or death and then to construct two nomogram models. Model performance were evaluated through discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness in both derivation cohort and external validation cohort.ResultsThe nomogram model to predict poor functional outcome included seven predictors: age, heart rate, Hunt‐Hess grade on admission, lymphocyte, C‐reactive protein (CRP), platelet, and direct bilirubin levels. It demonstrated high discrimination ability (AUC, 0.845; 95% CI: 0.787–0.903), satisfactory calibration curve, and good clinical usefulness. Similarly, the nomogram model combining age, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and treatment methods to predict all‐cause death also revealed excellent discrimination ability (AUC, 0.944; 95% CI: 0.910–0.979), satisfactory calibration curve, and clinical effectiveness. Internal validation showed the bias‐corrected C‐index for poor functional outcome and death was 0.827 and 0.927, respectively. When applied to the external validation dataset, both two nomogram models exhibited high discrimination capacity [poor functional outcome: AUC = 0.795 (0.716–0.873); death: AUC = 0.811 (0.707–0.915)], good calibration ability, and clinical usefulness.ConclusionsNomogram models constructed for predicting 3‐month poor functional outcome or death after aSAH are precise and easily applicable, which can help physicians to identify patients at risk, guide decision‐making, and provide new directions for future studies to explore the novel treatment targets.
Christianity, settler colonialism, and resource extraction
Authors: Pranger Jan H. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between Christianity, extractivism, and Amer‐European settler colonialism. It argues that Amer‐European Christianity is an extractivist religion, with beliefs and practices that are deeply intertwined with an extractivist relationship to the natural world and Indigenous peoples. In conversation with the work of Willie Jennings and exploring the impact of the doctrine of Christian discovery, the extractivist theology of John Locke, and the supersessionist use of divine election and covenant, this article exemplifies how Amer‐European Christianity has shaped and been shaped by settler colonial extractivism. It raises the question whether and how Amer‐European settler Christians may decolonize their extractivist relationship to Indigenous peoples and the natural world by learning from Indigenous peoples in dialogue with the work of the Osage theologian “Tink” Tinker.
Generalized anxiety disorder in Brazilian undergraduate dental students during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fernandez Matheus dos Santos , da Silva Nathalia Ribeiro Jorge , Bielavski Camilla Hubner , da Silva Jandilson Avelino , Silva Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveExplore the prevalence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and associated factors in undergraduate dental students during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil.Materials and MethodsCross‐sectional study. A semi‐structured questionnaire addressing the variables of interest was shared with dental students between July 8 and 27 2020. The outcome was determined using the seven‐item generalized anxiety disorder (GAD‐7) scale. A ‘positive’ diagnosis was defined as a total of ≥10 points on the scale. Statistical analysis involved descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses, with the significance level set at 5%.ResultsAmong the 1050 students evaluated, 53.8% had a positive diagnosis for GAD. The multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of symptoms was higher among individuals who resided with more than three people, those enrolled at teaching institutions that suspended all clinical and laboratory activities, those who did not have an adequate home situation to maintain distance learning, those who had been diagnosed with COVID‐19, those who felt anxious about having to see patients with a suspicion or diagnosis of COVID‐19 and those who preferred to interrupt in‐person academic activities until the population is vaccinated for the COVID‐19 virus.ConclusionThe prevalence of GAD was high. Aspects related to the composition and organization of the home, the suspension of academic activities, a history of COVID‐19 contamination, feelings of anxiety in providing dental care to patients with symptoms/suspected of COVID‐19 infection and the preference to interrupt in‐person academic activities until the population is vaccinated for COVID‐19 were factors predisposing the students to anxiety during the first wave of the pandemic.
Cyclosporine plus eltrombopag in the treatment of aplastic anemia with or without antithymocyte immunoglobulin: A multicenter real‐world retrospective study
Authors: Chen Miao , Liu Qingchi , Gao Yan , Suo Xiaohui , Ding Xiaoqing , Wang Ling , Li Lihong , Shao Yingqi , Gao Da , Sun Wanling , Tan Yehui , Wang Wei , Ye Fang , Han Bing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimsTo compare cyclosporine (CSA) combining eltrombopag (EPAG) with or without antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in aplastic anemia (AA) patients in the real world.MethodsAA patients who received ATG combining CSA and EPAG (Group A) and CSA + EPAG (Group B) as front‐line treatment in 13 medical centers in China were enrolled. The efficacy and safety were compared.ResultsA total of 89 patients were enrolled with 51 patients in Group A and 38 patients in Group B. The 6‐month overall response (OR)/complete response (CR) was 73.3%/24.4% and 60.6%/27.3% in Groups A and B (p > .1). For severe AA patients, the 6‐month OR was 74.1% versus 50% and 6‐month CR was 25.9% versus 20% in Groups A and B (p > 0.1). Multivariate analysis showed gender affects the 6‐month OR with females better OR (p = .017, OR 6.045, 95% CI: 1.377–26.546) and time from disease onset to treatment affected the 12‐month CR (p = .026, OR 0.263, 95% CI: 0.081–0.852). No difference was found in side effects except ATG infusion reaction and serum sickness. Mortality was 7.8% in Group A and no patient died in Group B.ConclusionsCSA + EPAG had a similar response and less side effects compared with standard immunosuppressive therapy + EPAG in newly diagnosed AA.
Cognitive deficits in patients with peripheral vestibular dysfunction
Authors: Obermann Mark , Gebauer Alexander , Arweiler‐Harbeck Diana , Lang Stephan , Seilheimer Bernd , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Holle Dagny , Naegel Steffen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposePrevious studies demonstrated cognitive deficits in patients with peripheral vestibulopathy (PVP) with dysfunction of spatial navigation and orientation, but also documented cognitive decline in nonspatial abilities. This study evaluates cognitive deficits in patients with unilateral vestibulopathy (UVP) as well as bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) in multiple cognitive domains using common screening tests to reliably detect these deficits in clinical practice.MethodsThis prospective study compared patients with UVP and BVP to age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (HC). Tests included the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS), Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test Part A and B, Clock Drawing Task, Executive Interview‐25 (EXIT25), Dementia Detection (DemTect), and the Judgment of Line Orientation (JLO). The Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale was used to control for depression. Videonystagmography objectively reconfirmed PVP. The Vertigo Symptoms Scale and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory were used to assess for symptom severity and restrictions of activities of daily living.ResultsEighty‐one patients (65 UVP, 16 BVP) were compared to 55 HC. Patients showed impairment in ADAS, MMSE, DemTect, EXIT25, and JLO. No differences between UVP and BVP were detected. The relative risk (RR) estimates of developing cognitive deficits following PVP were increased. The RR for the ADAS was higher in BVP (RR = 4.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.87–12.9, p = 0.001) than in UVP (RR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.65–8.51, p = 0.002), but was similar for the MMSE and DemTect between groups.ConclusionsPatients with PVP showed deficits in multiple cognitive domains including nonspatial cognitive abilities. Vestibulopathy could be a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment.
Safety of intravenous lacosamide in hospitalized children and neonates
Authors: Fong Susan L. , Utidjian Levon , Kaur Moninder , Abend Nicholas S. , Wainwright Mark S. , Grande Krista M. , Foskett Nadia , Roebling Robert , Guerriero Réjean M. , Jain Badal , Rao Suchitra , Stoltenberg Meredin , Williams Paulette , Yuen Nancy , Dickinson Kimberley , McDonald Jill , Maltenfort Mitchell , Forrest Christopher B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveSeizures are common in critically ill children and neonates, and these patients would benefit from intravenous (IV) antiseizure medications with few adverse effects. We aimed to assess the safety profile of IV lacosamide (LCM) among children and neonates.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter cohort study examined the safety of IV LCM use in 686 children and 28 neonates who received care between January 2009 and February 2020.ResultsAdverse events (AEs) were attributed to LCM in only 1.5% (10 of 686) of children, including rash (n = 3, .4%), somnolence (n = 2, .3%), and bradycardia, prolonged QT interval, pancreatitis, vomiting, and nystagmus (n = 1, .1% each). There were no AEs attributed to LCM in the neonates. Across all 714 pediatric patients, treatment‐emergent AEs occurring in >1% of patients included rash, bradycardia, somnolence, tachycardia, vomiting, feeling agitated, cardiac arrest, tachyarrhythmia, low blood pressure, hypertension, decreased appetite, diarrhea, delirium, and gait disturbance. There were no reports of PR interval prolongation or severe cutaneous adverse reactions. When comparing children who received a recommended versus a higher than recommended initial dose of IV LCM, there was a twofold increase in the risk of rash in the higher dose cohort (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–4.38).SignificanceThis large observational study provides novel evidence demonstrating the tolerability of IV LCM in children and neonates.
Engineering the IL‐4/IL‐13 axis for targeted immune modulation
Authors: Bernstein Zachary J. , Shenoy Anjali , Chen Amy , Heller Nicola M. , Spangler Jamie B. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryThe structurally and functionally related interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IL‐13 cytokines play pivotal roles in shaping immune activity. The IL‐4/IL‐13 axis is best known for its critical role in T helper 2 (Th2) cell‐mediated Type 2 inflammation, which protects the host from large multicellular pathogens, such as parasitic helminth worms, and regulates immune responses to allergens. In addition, IL‐4 and IL‐13 stimulate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as non‐hematopoietic cells, to coordinate various functions, including immune regulation, antibody production, and fibrosis. Due to its importance for a broad spectrum of physiological activities, the IL‐4/IL‐13 network has been targeted through a variety of molecular engineering and synthetic biology approaches to modulate immune behavior and develop novel therapeutics. Here, we review ongoing efforts to manipulate the IL‐4/IL‐13 axis, including cytokine engineering strategies, formulation of fusion proteins, antagonist development, cell engineering approaches, and biosensor design. We discuss how these strategies have been employed to dissect IL‐4 and IL‐13 pathways, as well as to discover new immunotherapies targeting allergy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Looking ahead, emerging bioengineering tools promise to continue advancing fundamental understanding of IL‐4/IL‐13 biology and enabling researchers to exploit these insights to develop effective interventions.
Surface decontamination of explanted peri‐implantitis‐affected implants
Authors: Ichioka Yuki , Derks Jan , Larsson Lena , Berglundh Tord 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAimThe present study aimed at evaluating the effect of air‐polishing (AP) and a combination of AP and alkaline electrolysed water (AEW) in surface decontamination of explanted peri‐implantitis‐affected implants.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five patients with 34 dental implants scheduled for explantation due to severe peri‐implantitis were included. Following implant removal, the apical part of each implant was embedded in acrylic blocks. Implants were randomly allocated to surface decontamination using AP with or without AEW. Four implants were left untreated and used as negative controls. Specimens were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Area of residual bacteria was the primary outcome.ResultsSEM analysis revealed that both treatment protocols were effective in biofilm removal and only small proportions of target areas of the implants showed residual bacterial or mineralized deposits. Although differences between the treatment protocols were small, implant thread loci (top/flank/valley), zones of the implant (apical/middle/coronal), implant surface characteristics and gender influenced the results. In addition, EDS analysis showed that zones influenced the atomic% of carbon and calcium and that implant surface characteristics affected the atomic% of titanium.ConclusionsAP, with or without AEW, is an effective method in removing biofilm from peri‐implantitis‐affected implants.
Recent advances in the immunomodulation mechanism of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in liver diseases
Authors: Liu Pingji , Yao Lichao , Hu Xue , Wang Zheng , Xiong Zhiyu , Jiang Yingan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLiver fibrosis, acute liver injury or liver failure, liver tumors, and immune rejection after liver transplantation are common clinical liver diseases. Immune responses are the key to determining the prognosis of liver diseases. Liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with liver failure. However, the use of liver transplantation is limited because of the scarcity of organ donors, immunological rejection in recipients, and high cost. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent adult stem cells with extensive anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulation effects. MSCs can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitations that are associated with liver transplantation. Therefore, several clinical trials have utilized MSCs for the treatment of refractory liver diseases and the related mechanism is increasingly being elucidated. We have mainly summarized the recent studies that focus on the immunomodulation mechanism of MSC therapy in liver diseases. Further, we have presented our insights on the prospects of using MSCs in the treatment of liver diseases.
Aspects of degradation and translation of the expanded C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat RNA
Authors: Mori Kohji , Gotoh Shiho , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAn hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in the non‐coding region of C9orf72 gene causes frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This mutation is estimated to be the most frequent genetic cause of these currently incurable diseases. Since the mutation causes autosomal dominantly inherited diseases, disease cascade essentially starts from the expanded DNA repeats. However, molecular disease mechanism is inevitably complex because possible toxic entity for the disease is not just functional loss of translated C9ORF72 protein, if any, but potentially includes bidirectionally transcribed expanded repeat containing RNA and their unconventional repeat‐associated non‐AUG translation products in all possible reading frames. Although the field learned so much about the disease since the identification of the mutation in 2011, how the expanded repeat causes a particular type of fronto‐temporal lobe dominant neurodegeneration and/or motor neuron degeneration is not yet clear. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current understandings of molecular mechanism of this repeat expansion mutation with focuses on the degradation and translation of the repeat containing RNA transcripts.image