bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geology and paleontology of the Santa Fe Group, southwestern Albuquerque Basin, Valencia County, New Mexico
Authors: Lozinsky Richard P. , Tedford Richard H. 
Published: March 2023

Santa Fe Group outcrops in the southwestern Albuquerque Basin occur in the Gabaldon badlands and Bobo Butte areas. Two oil test wells located near the Gabaldon badlands, the Humble Santa Fe Pacific #1 and Shell Santa Fe Pacific #2, penetrate the Santa Fe Group and pre-Santa Fe Tertiary deposits and bottom in Mesozoic bedrock.In the Gabaldon badlands, the thickness of the exposed Santa Fe Group is at least 1,138 m (3,732 ft) and may be as much as 1,800 m (6,000 ft). In the Humble Santa Fe Pacific #1 and Shell Santa Fe Pacific #2 wells, the Santa Fe thickness is 1,494 and 1,460 m (4,902 and 4,790 ft), respectively. The thickness of the exposed Santa Fe section at Bobo Butte is 246 m (807 ft). In the oil test wells, up to 1,097 m (3,600 ft) of pre-Santa Fe Group Tertiary deposits, which are correlative with possible Baca Formation and an unnamed post-Baca/pre-Santa Fe unit, underlie the Santa Fe Group. These pre--Santa Fe deposits indicate the presence of a depositional basin that predates the Albuquerque Basin.The Santa Fe Group exposed in the Gabaldon badlands area is divided into four units that correlate with the Popotosa Formation (units 1-3) and the Sierra Ladrones Formation. Units 1-3 of the Popotosa Formation were deposited in a closed-basin, distal-fan/basin-floor environment at a calculated sedimentation rate of 204 m/m.y. (669 ft/m.y.). The Sierra Ladrones Formation was deposited by a large, throughflowing, fluvial system and local alluvial-fan distributaries on adjacent piedmont slopes. Santa Fe Group deposits in the Bobo Butte area correlate with parts of the Popotosa Formation and were deposited in a proximal fan area. The caprock unit on Bobo Butte is probably correlative with at least part of the Sierra Ladrones Formation.Analysis of outcrop and thin-section data indicates that the Popotosa Formation in the southwestern Albuquerque Basin was derived from the Lucero uplift. At the time units 1-3 were deposited, the Lucero uplift was covered by at least one Tertiary ash-flow-tuff sheet and Upper Cretaceous strata. These rocks have since been eroded from the Lucero uplift and deposited in the southwestern Albuquerque Basin. The fluvial facies of the Sierra Ladrones Formation was at least partly derived from more distant source areas to the west and northwest. Outcrop data show that the caprock unit on Bobo Butte was derived from the Lucero uplift.Vertebrate fossils recovered from the Gabaldon badlands include Epicyon sp. cf. E. haydeni validus, Dipoides sp. cf. D. vallicula, Michenia sp. cf. M. yavapaiensis, and Plioceros sp. Fossils from units 2 and 3 indicate an early Hemphillian age (7-9 Ma), and the upper part of unit 1 is perhaps slightly older (latest Clarendonian).
Geology of Pennsylvanian and Wolfcampian rocks in southeast New Mexico
Authors: Meyer Richard F. 
Published: March 2023

The area of this study includes about 38,700 sq mi in southeast New Mexico that lie within the Great Plains physiographic province on the east and the Basin and Range province on the west. Pennsylvanian and Wolfcampian rocks are discontinuously exposed in the mountain ranges on the west and in boreholes elsewhere.Major positive elements of the area during Pennsylvanian and Wolfcampian time included the Pedernal uplift, which extended in a north-south direction through the center of the area, and the Central Basin platform, the northwest corner of which lay in the southeast part of the area. Minor positive features included the domical Roosevelt uplift in the northeast, the Oscura and Joyita uplifts in the northwest, and the Diablo platform in the southwest. Major negative elements were the Permian Basin on the east and the Orogrande Basin on the west. Subprovinces of the Permian Basin were the Northwest shelf and the Delaware Basin, which included the Salt Flat embayment. Subprovinces of the Orogrande Basin were the Robledo and Sacramento shelves. The Orogrande Basin merged northward with the extreme south end of the Estancia Basin, and in like manner the Permian Basin joined the Tucumcari Basin.Pennsylvanian and Wolfcampian rocks are subdivided into stages based upon biostratigraphic zones defined by occurrences of fusulinids. It is possible to trace the zones over the entire area, thus effecting correlation of subsurface occurrences with outcroppings of rocks of the same age. The Pennsylvanian System here includes, in ascending order, the Morrowan Stage of the Lower Pennsylvanian Series, the Derryan and Desmoinesian Stages of the Middle Pennsylvanian Series, and the Missourian and Virgilian Stages of the Upper Pennsylvanian Series. Permian rocks described are those of the Wolfcampian Stage, (Lower Permian series).Prior to Pennsylvanian time, the area was the site of a shelf across which were deposited Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Mississippian sediments in seas entering the area from the south. Post-Chesteran uplift on the north resulted in southward tilting, and erosion, of pre-Pennsylvanian rocks. Pennsylvanian strata were deposited across Mississippian rocks to the south and on progressively older rocks northward, where Precambrian is exposed. In pre-Morrowan time, the Pedernal uplift was formed, which divided the area into two parts throughout the balance of the Pennsylvanian.Morrowan rocks are the most areally restricted of the various stages and contain the largest proportion of coarse clastic material. They attain thicknesses of 1,250 ft in the Permian Basin and 750 ft in the Orogrande Basin. Topographic relief over the Pedernal uplift was probably at a maximum during this time, most pre-Pennsylvanian sediments being eroded from it. Erosion of the granite core provided quartzose sandstone to the basins.
The Ordovician development of the Actinoceratida, with notes on Actinoceroid morphology and Ordovician stratigraphy
Authors: Flower Rousseau H. 
Published: March 2023

Part 1: Descriptions of new Ordovician species of Actinoceratida are combined with a review of the evolution and faunal development of the order in the Ordovician. New morphological information includes spatial relationships of cameral and siphonal deposits in complete shells of several species, and a revised concept of the canal system. Occurrences of antinoceroids in the Ordovician of North America, eastern Asia, and northern Europe are summarized. A revised concept of evolution of the group is presented. Reason is given for regarding Bathmoceras as the ancestor of the order; it gave rise to Polydesmia having thick primitive rings and dendritic radial canals. Reticulate canals characterize Whiterock actinoceroids, of which the genera Wutinoceras, Cyrtonybyoceras, and Adamsoceras are characteristic. Ormoceras, developed from Adamsoceras, continues beyond the close of the Ordovician, giving rise to Deiroceras, of which Troedssonoceras is a synonym. Actinoceras yields itself to division into species groups of faunal and stratigraphic value. Leurorthoceras is a synonym of this genus, and Saffordoceras and Troostoceras are doubtfully distinct. Kochoceras is derived from Actinoceras. Internal differences indicate that Gonioceras and Lambeoceras are homeorphic but not closely related.Stratigraphic notes include a general discussion of the Ordovician, with special reference to the recent revisions, recognition of a pre-Chazyan interval, the Chazy-Black River hiatus, and the correlation of the Red River beds with the Cobourg and Eden. A revision of the Montoya Group is presented. The importance of austral-boreal oscillations is emphasized, the actinoceroids being predominantly boreal in faunal affinities, although in Cobourg time Deiroceras and Orthonybyoceras invaded the austral realm. The systematic portion includes discussion of 15 genera, one of which, Adamsoceras, is new. Thirty-one species are described and illustrated, all but two of which are new; these are listed in the table of contents.Part II: The new genus Macroloxoceras is described from two species; the genotype M. magnum, from the Dyer Dolomite of Colorado, and M. minor, from the Percha Shale of New Mexico, both very late Devonian age. Together with Bergoceras, Paraloxoceras, and Pseudactinoceras, this genus comprises the new subfamily Macroloxoceratinae of the Pseudorthoceratidae. Although in the entire subfamily there is a strong resemblance to Rayonnoceras, reexaminations of the evidence suggests this relationship is homeomorphic, though a remarkable example of contemporaneous convergence. Pseudocyrtoceras, sp. Schindewolf is assigned to the Pseudorthoceratinae. In spite of its resemblance to the Macroloxoceratinae, Rayonnoceras retains actinoceroid features favoring its derivation from Ormoceras.
Part I. Montoya and related colonial corals. Part II. Organisms attached to Montoya corals
Authors: Flower Rousseau H. 
Published: March 2023

Twenty-seven species are described from the Montoya Group of New Mexico; 17 from the Second Value Formation; 6 from the Aleman, and 5 from the Cutter; 1 species being common to the Aleman and the Cutter. Only four species have been described previously; the others are new. Four species are not determined specifically. One Aleman species is tentatively identified in the Cutter; others are distinct for the three formations. Two new genera, Crenulites and Trabeculites, are described. Species from other regions described and discussed, and in some cases revised, include five species of Favistina, Protrochiscolithus magnus, and Saffordophyllumcrenulatum, three of Crenulites, one of Trabeculites, and two assigned to Foerstephyllum.Regional analysis strengthens the Red River affinities of the Second Value Formation and the Richmond equivalence of the Aleman and Cutter Formations, but fuller evaluation must await more precise study of corals of other Ordovician faunas, particularly in western and northern North America.Revised concepts of morphology and relationship are required, notably the derivation of septa as secondary structures from a primitive wall, and the primitive nature of a simple fibrous wall from which are derived trabecular walls on the one hand, and walls with an axial plate on the other, the axial plate developing both into the primary wall of the higher Favositidae, and into the epitheca of the rugosan types. The present study fails completely to support division of these corals into Tabulata and Rugosa, but it is felt that alternate proposals would be premature. A new structure, poikiloplasm, is described, which may line carallites, be concentrated as spherical knobs, with or without a thin connection, or form groups of discrete spheres.A summary is appended, briefly summarizing characters by which the Montoya species can be differentiated readily.
Perspectiva de abordaje en el desarrollo territorial: la región llanura (Córdoba, Argentina)
Authors: Crissi Aloranti Vanesa Soledad 
Published: March 2023

En el estudio del territorio se considera importante su abordaje desde una visión sistémica-holística que analice las dimensiones naturales, sociales, económicas, culturales y político-institucionales, que resultan de la comprensión de lo territorial desde distintas escalas, jerarquizadas y en interacción.
En el afán de acercarnos a la consideración de dichas dimensiones, el objetivo de este trabajo es describir y analizar los escenarios de las comunas (asentamientos poblaciones de menos de 2.000 habitantes, Ley N° 8102/1991) de la región Llanura de la provincia de Córdoba, a través de los capitales territoriales planteados por Boisier. Ello se materializa a partir de una revisión de perspectivas teóricas del desarrollo territorial, para luego proponer líneas estratégicas de acción en pos del desarrollo integral local-regional. Es menester señalar que los escenarios comunales de la región en estudio presentan realidades similares en relación a la conformación territorial, a las necesidades urbanas y problemas ambientales.
La investigación se realizó con el sustento de información cuantitativa y cualitativa que permitió el análisis exhaustivo junto al desarrollo de propuestas de acción. Las conclusiones expuestas buscan ampliar el abordaje para futuras investigaciones en capital sinergético desde la intervención y transformación de los territorios de estudio como componente del desarrollo territorial.
REASONS OF DONOR DEFERRAL FOR A SINGLE DONOR PLATELETPHERESIS IN A PUBLIC SECTOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION CENTRE OF LAHORE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Fateen Tooba , Sana Haseeb Khan  , Saima Farhan  , Amna Rani  , Rajia Liaqat  , Attiq Ur Rehman  
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective: Plateletpheresis is a process by which platelets are extracted from the donor. Donor selection is critical since donors are the sole supply of blood available to satisfy demand. The goal of this study is to investigate the causes behind plateletpheresis donor deferral in order to ensure safe blood donation.
Materials and Methods: The research was carried out at the department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital Lahore. 50 plateletpheresis donors who voluntarily came for donation were considered for the procedure as per guidelines and departmental standard operating procedure. The details of the procedure of plateletpheresis were explained to each donor. Donor questionnaire was filled including brief history, general physical examination, Haematological parameters such as haemoglobin and the donor blood screening was done to be considered fit for procedure. The reasons for deferral of donors were noted after all work up was done. Informed consent was taken before the procedure. Plateletpheresis was done using COM.TEC Cell Separator instrument.
Results: In this study 50 donors were included. Out of 50 donors 34 were approved for procedure and 16 were deferred due to different temporary and permanent reasons. The age of the donors were in between 18 to 50 years. Major reason for temporary deferral was poor venous access (n=7, 14%) followed by the low haemoglobin value (n=4, 8%). Other reasons for temporary deferral were history of medication (n=3, 6%), low platelet count (n=4,8%), history of blood transfusion (n=1, 2%), history of vaccination n=2, 4%), leucocytosis (n=1, 2%), underweight (n=4, 8%), fever (n=1, 2%), refusal after questionnaire (n=1, 2%), seropositive for malaria and VDRL (n=3, 6%), high blood pressure (n=1, 2%), and anxiety (n=1, 2%). Permanent reasons for deferral were seropositive for HbsAg (n=2, 4%), seropositive for HCV (n=4, 8%) and tattoo (n=1, 2%).
Conclusion: This study found a pattern of donor deferral in single donor platelet apheresis that was our experience in single centre. In conclusion during the selection of donors, Transfusion services should be very careful related to donor safety measures and these causes of deferral should be kept in mind.
SEVERITY AND CLINICO-HAEMATOLOGICAL FEATURES OF APLASTIC ANEMIA IN ADULTS PRESENTING TO PUBLIC SECTOR TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF LAHORE: A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Asma Akhtar  , Rabia Ahmad  , Sidra Sonia Chaudhary  , Shizra Kaleemi  , Naureen Saeed  , Mariam Danish  
Published: March 2023

Background & Objective: Aplastic anemia is a rare and heterogeneous disorder. Literature shows inconsis- tencies in frequency and its clinico-hematological findings. Objective of this study was to assess frequency of different severity grades and clinico-hematological features in newly diagnosed cases of aplastic anemia in adults.
Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, conducted in Allama Iqbal Medical College Lahore from October 2021 through April 2022, a total of 100 diagnosed cases of acquired aplastic anemia were included. Modified Camitta's criteria were applied to assess the severity of aplastic anemia. Clinical features such as pallor, fever and bleeding manifestations were determined by history and physical examination. About 3ml whole blood was collected in EDTA vial and run for complete blood count on automated hematology analyzer for hematological Parameters (Hb, Platelets, total leukocyte count and absolute Neutrophil count). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Quantitative variables like age, Hb, TLC and platelet count were expressed as mean ±Standard deviation. Qualitative variables such as gender, severity of aplastic anemia and clinical features were expressed as percentages.
Results: In this study, 55% participants were male and 45% were female. All patients had pallor, 61% had fever and 66% had bleeding on presentation. Regarding severity of aplastic anemia, 56% were categorized as severe, 24% as very severe and 20% were as non severe aplastic anemia.
Conclusion: Severe aplastic anemia is frequent among male population and at younger age. This information has prognostic implications. Therefore, all patients with aplastic anemia should be assessed for severity for further clinical management.
Improved YOLOv4-tiny based on attention mechanism for skin detection
Authors: Li Ping , Han Taiyu , Ren Yifei , Xu Peng , Yu Hongliu 
Published: March 2023

Background
An automatic bathing robot needs to identify the area to be bathed in order to perform visually-guided bathing tasks. Skin detection is the first step. The deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detection algorithm shows excellent robustness to light and environmental changes when performing skin detection. The one-stage object detection algorithm has good real-time performance, and is widely used in practical projects.

Methods
In our previous work, we performed skin detection using Faster R-CNN (ResNet50 as backbone), Faster R-CNN (MobileNetV2 as backbone), YOLOv3 (DarkNet53 as backbone), YOLOv4 (CSPDarknet53 as backbone), and CenterNet (Hourglass as backbone), and found that YOLOv4 had the best performance. In this study, we considered the convenience of practical deployment and used the lightweight version of YOLOv4, i.e., YOLOv4-tiny, for skin detection. Additionally, we added three kinds of attention mechanisms to strengthen feature extraction: SE, ECA, and CBAM. We added the attention module to the two feature layers of the backbone output. In the enhanced feature extraction network part, we applied the attention module to the up-sampled features. For full comparison, we used other lightweight methods that use MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2, and MobileNetV3 as the backbone of YOLOv4. We established a comprehensive evaluation index to evaluate the performance of the models that mainly reflected the balance between model size and mAP.

Results
The experimental results revealed that the weight file of YOLOv4-tiny without attention mechanisms was reduced to 9.2% of YOLOv4, but the mAP maintained 67.3% of YOLOv4. YOLOv4-tiny’s performance improved after combining the CBAM and ECA modules, but the addition of SE deteriorated the performance of YOLOv4-tiny. MobileNetVX_YOLOv4 (X = 1, 2, 3), which used MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2, and MobileNetV3 as the backbone of YOLOv4, showed higher mAP than YOLOv4-tiny series (including YOLOv4-tiny and three improved YOLOv4-tiny based on the attention mechanism) but had a larger weight file. The network performance was evaluated using the comprehensive evaluation index. The model, which integrates the CBAM attention mechanism and YOLOv4-tiny, achieved a good balance between model size and detection accuracy.
Anti-leukemic effect of menthol, a peppermint compound, on induction of apoptosis and autophagy
Authors: Naksawat Mashima , Norkaew Chosita , Charoensedtasin Kantorn , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Tanyong Dalina 
Published: March 2023

Background
Menthol, a natural compound in peppermint leaves, has several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial and anticancer properties. This study revealed the anti-leukemic effects and its underlying mechanisms of the menthol related apoptosis signaling pathway and autophagy in both NB4 and Molt-4 leukemic cell lines.

Methods
Both leukemic cells were treated with menthol in various concentration. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, whereas apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC/PI and anti-LC3/FITC antibodies staining, respectively. Apoptotic and autophagic related gene and protein expression were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Moreover, STITCH database was used to predicts the interaction between menthol and proposed proteins.

Results
Menthol significantly decreased cell viability in NB4 and Molt-4 cell lines in dose dependent manner. In combination of menthol and daunorubicin, synergistic cytotoxic effects were observed in leukemic cells. However, there was a minimal effect found on normal, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Moreover, menthol significantly induced apoptosis induction via upregulation of caspase-3, BAX, p53 and downregulation of MDM2 mRNA expression. Autophagy was also induced by menthol through upregulating ATG3 and downregulating mTOR mRNA expression. For protein expression, menthol significantly increased caspase-3 whereas decreased mTOR in both leukemic cells. Conclusions. These results suggest that menthol exhibits cytotoxic activities by inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and autophagy through activating the caspase cascade, altering BAX and p53/MDM2, and regulating autophagy via the ATG3/mTOR signaling pathway.
Green Synthesis of Lead Oxide Nanoparticles, Characterization and Adsorption Study for Removal of Malachite Green Dye
Authors: Elamin Nuha Y. , Eltom Egbal , Ramadan Rasha 
Published: March 2023

In this study lead oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using ecofriendly and non-toxic Morus rubra extract. The obtained lead oxide nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, BET and FTIR techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that synthesized PbO nanoparticles had crystallite structure of high purity. SEM survey shows that the obtained nanoparticles having in general uniform particle distribution and the particle sizes vary within the range of 22.4 to 29.2nm. As established by EDX to confirm the presence of lead and oxygen, the weight percentage of the latter was (71.5 % Pb and 28.5% O), respectively. FT-IR spectra exhibit a sharp peak at 439.38 and 595.46 cm−1 attributed to PbO vibration, confirming the formation of PbO nanoparticles. The effectiveness of PbO nanostructures for removing indigo carmine (MG) dye from an aqueous solution is demonstrated in this article. , the MG dye uptake and adsorption processes were investigated using a PbO sorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity and contact time were optimized which corresponding to 41.3 mg. g-1 and 60min respectively.