bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical, Chemical, and Biological Aspects of Indoor Air in University Classrooms
Authors: Edelmers Edgars , Kauce Rūta , Konopecka Vita , Veignere Elizabete , Sprūdža Klinta Luīze , Neļķe Valters , Citskovska Elizabete , Šipilova Viktorija , Čikuts Matīss , Skrebele Elizabete , Martinsone Žanna , Borodinecs Anatolijs 
Published: May 2023

Nowadays there is a challenge to provide a good indoor air quality because of the energy crisis, distance working and climate changing circumstances in premises. The aim of study was dedicated to biological, chemical and physical parameters of air quality, such as temperature, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), and their fluctuations in a university classroom during ongoing classes. Measurements were taken for three days (November, 2022) in two different size rooms with natural ventilation using devices such as: SAS SUPER ISO 100 (microbiological sampling), Aranet4 (temperature, concentration of CO2), PCE-PCO 1 and PCE-RSCM 16 (PM2.5 and PM10). In total, 52 microbiological samples were collected from university classrooms over three days and further cultured on different growth mediums. Students’ activity as well as windows opening and closing times were recorded during study. The colony forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m3) overall fluctuated between 174-934 CFU/m3, with fungi making up the majority. The CFU/m3 for fungi grown on Sabouraud agar was 24-610, for bacteria grown on Trypticase soy agar (TSA) was 42-476, and for bacteria grown on Mannitol salt agar (MSA) was 42-254. The study concludes that according to guidelines, the recommended amount of microbiological contamination should be less than 500 CFU/m3. The indoor temperature for smaller rooms exceeded the allowed indoor air temperature of 25 °C after on average 50 minutes, while for the largest it remained below 25 °C level. The highest concentration of CO2 for the first day was 2689 ppm, for the second day - 1970 ppm, and for the third day – 2131 ppm. Performing the ventilation for 20 minutes on average decreases the CO2 concentration to 499 ppm. According to guidelines, CO2 concentration should not exceed 1000 ppm in premises, but this level was reached on average after 25 minutes following window closure and ongoing class. Natural ventilation alone was found to be insufficient for ongoing classes and effective during breaks, but other pollutants such as PM2.5 and PM10 enter the room in this way. The main findings reveal the tendency of both PM2.5 (on average 400 µg/m3) and PM10 (on average 35 µg/m3) to increase rapidly in crowded spaces during the classes, which require a constantly running air ventilation and purification system. However, there is a lack of regulations or guidelines regarding the maximum concentration of PM and microorganisms CFU in indoor air in public places.
CPJSdraw: analysis and visualization of junction sites of chloroplast genomes
Authors: Li Huie , Guo Qiqiang , Xu Lei , Gao Haidong , Liu Lei , Zhou Xiangyang 
Published: May 2023

Background
Chloroplast genomes are usually circular molecules, and most of them are tetrad structures with two inverted repeat (IR) regions, a large single-copy region, and a small single-copy region. IR contraction and expansion are among the genetic diversities during the evolution of plant chloroplast genomes. The only previously released tool for the visualization of junction sites of the regions does not consider the diversity of the starting point of genomes, which leads to incorrect results or even no results for the examination of IR contraction and expansion.

Results
In this work, a new tool named CPJSdraw was developed for visualizing the junction sites of chloroplast genomes. CPJSdraw can format the starting point of the irregular linearized genome, correct the junction sites of IR and single-copy regions, display the tetrad structure, visualize the junction sites of any number (≥1) of chloroplast genomes, show the transcription direction of genes adjacent to junction sites, and indicate the IR expansion or contraction of chloroplast genomes.

Conclusions
CPJSdraw is a software that is universal and reliable in analysis and visualization of IR expansion or contraction of chloroplast genomes. CPJSdraw has more accurate analysis and more complete functions when compared with previously released tool. CPJSdraw as a perl package and tested data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7669480 for English users. In addition, an online version with a Chinese interface is available at http://cloud.genepioneer.com:9929/#/tool/alltool/detail/335.
Piper betel - Not Just a Mouth Freshener But Also a Miraculous Herb for Healing: A Review
Authors: Panda Nivedita , Panda Arpita 
Published: May 2023

Piper betle L., often known as betel vine, is a member of the Piperaceae family and is a significant cash crop for both economic and therapeutic purposes. The betle vine is most likely from Malaysia, while it is also grown in India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Nepal. It is grown in the districts of Balasore, Jagatsinghpur, Puri, Khordha, and Ganjam along Odisha's coast. With tremendous potential for creating jobs and improving the socioeconomic situations of rural people in India and other Asian nations, betel vine has enormous economic, medical, and nutraceutical value. However, there are still a number of significant elements of these plants that have not received enough consideration. Over a million people in Odisha use paan, yet most are not aware of its superior nutritional value. The most common chewing combinations for Piper betel include sliced areca nut, slaked lime, coriander, aniseed, clove, cardamom, sweetener, and coconut scrapings. Along with its traditional uses, Piper betel's therapeutic characteristics have the power to treat a variety of illnesses and lessen mouth cancer, which is actually brought on by sliced areca nuts and slaked lime rather than betel leaves. Betel leaves are a great source of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, protein, lipids, fibre, calcium, iron, and many other nutrients. Many research studies on Piper betle have reported that it contains important chemical constituents such as chavibetol, chavibetol acetate, caryophyllene, allylpyrocatechol diacetate, campene, chavibetol methyl ether, eugenol, a-Pinene, f-Pinene, u-Limonene, saprobe, 1-8-cineol, allylpyrocatechol monoacetate etc. Betel leaf is one of nature's best medicines and is thought to be superior to medications. Additionally, the leaves retain an essential oil (EO) with a high eugenol content (1-3%), which is a popular ingredient in medicines, stimulants, antiseptics, tonics, and other ayurvedic formulations. The demand for its goods, such as herbal medications, treatments, and natural herbal formulations, has grown recently. Additionally, Piper betel aids in the treatment of a wide range of illnesses, including rheumatism, diabetes, hypertension, halitosis, boils and abscesses, obesity, voice issues, conjunctivitis, constipation, headache, itches, mastitis, mastoiditis, leucorrhoea, otorrhoea, ringworm, gum swelling, and many others. The botanical description, geographic distribution, economic worth, cultivation, and ethnobotanical use of P. betle are all succinctly summarised in the current paper. According to the research, P. betle is a naturally occurring, safe, and orally active drug with significant therapeutic potential for treating a range of human medical disorders. To better understand its underlying molecular mechanisms of action, clinical features, structure-activity connections, bioavailability, and synergistic interactions with other medications, more research is still required.
A Study on Status of Micro Food Processing Enterprises in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Aneesh Akkineni , Mahendran K. , Rohini A. , Kumar D. Suresh , Duraiswamy M. R. 
Published: May 2023

Aims: The aim of the study is to identify and understand the status of food processing enterprises in Andhra Pradesh and to categorize them into micro, small, medium, and large for better understanding.
Study Design: The research has been formulated to comprehend the status and distribution of food processing businesses district-wise in the state.
Methodology: The study used secondary data collected from multiple government sources, primarily the AP Food Processing Society (APFPS), to analyze the condition and distribution of food processing businesses in Andhra Pradesh. The study categorizes food processing businesses into micro, small, medium, and large for better clarity. The study also provides details on the number of micro food processing enterprises (MFEs) working in different categories, such as Agriculture, Horticulture and Plantation, Aquaculture, and Livestock, in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Results: According to the study, the AP Food Processing Society has recognized a sum of 4181 food processing firms in the state, with 2132 of them being micro-enterprises, 1665 being small businesses, 152 being medium-sized firms, and 168 being large enterprises. The study also includes data on the number of micro food processing enterprises (MFEs) operating in various categories, such as Agriculture, Horticulture and Plantation, aquaculture, and livestock, in the state.
Climate Resilient Water Management for Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Chouhan Shambhu , Kumari Smita , Kumar Rajneesh , Chaudhary Pravin L. 
Published: May 2023

The management of water resources in both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture is becoming an increasingly complex worldwide due to anticipated water scarcity, and compounded by the challenges of global warming and climate change. Climate-smart water technologies viz. Drip irrigation, Central pivot irrigation, Hydrogel and SWAT method need to be judiciously applied to overcome these challenges. Agriculture is a critical sector in India and other developing countries, providing substantial employment opportunities to rural populations and supporting efforts to achieve food and nutritional security. This paper addresses the challenge of increasing food production and improving rural livelihoods while safeguarding critical water resources for sustainable use, particularly in drought-prone regions, through adaptive measures for effective water management. An integrated approach is necessary for agricultural water management through the adoption of innovative technologies such as water harvesting, micro-irrigation, and resource conservation farming to increase water-use efficiency in agriculture and other critical services to humans and animals. The study aims to enhance understanding of the potential implications of climate change and adaptation options for agricultural water management, thereby enabling them to take up adaptation challenges and develop measures to reduce the farming sector's vulnerability to climate change.
Fighting and Penalty Minutes Associated With Long-term Mortality Among National Hockey League Players, 1967 to 2022
Authors: Popkin Charles A. , Morrissette Cole R. , Fortney Thomas A. , McCormick Kyle L. , Gorroochurn Prakash , Stuart Michael J. 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceNational Hockey League (NHL) players are exposed to frequent head trauma. The long-term consequences of repetitive brain injury, especially for players who frequently engage in fighting, remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the mortality rates and causes of death among NHL enforcers with more career fights and penalty minutes as compared with matched controls.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis matched cohort study examined 6039 NHL players who participated in at least 1 game in the seasons between October 11, 1967, and April 29, 2022, using official NHL data. Cohorts designated as enforcer-fighter (E-F) and enforcer-penalties (E-P) were selected. The E-F cohort consisted of players who participated in 50 or more career fights (n = 331). The E-P cohort included players with 3 or more penalty minutes per game (n = 183). Control-matched NHL players were identified for each E-F player (control-fighter [C-F]) (n = 331) and each E-P player (control-penalties [C-P]) (n = 183).ExposuresFighting and penalty minutes were both used as proxies for head trauma exposure. Players with significantly increased exposure to fighting and penalties (E-F and E-P cohorts) were compared with NHL players with less frequent exposure to head trauma (C-F and C-P cohorts).Main Outcomes and MeasuresMortality rates and age at death of the enforcer and control cohorts, and their causes of death using data obtained from publicly available sources such as online and national news sources, including NHL.com.ResultsAmong the 6039 NHL players identified (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [15.2] years), the mean (SD) number of fights was 9.7 (24.5). The mortality rates of E-F and C-F players (13 [3.9%] vs 14 [4.2%], respectively; P = .84) or E-P and C-P players (13 [7.1.%] vs 10 [5.5%]; P = .34) were not significantly different. The mean (SD) age at death was 10 years younger for E-F players (47.5 [13.8] years) and E-P players (45.2 [10.5] years) compared with C-F players (57.5 [7.1] years) and C-P players (55.2 [8.4] years). There was a difference in causes of death between the control and enforcer players (2 neurodegenerative disorders, 2 drug overdoses, 3 suicides, and 4 vehicular crashes among enforcers vs 1 motor vehicle crash among controls; P = .03), with enforcers dying at higher rates of overdose (2 of 21 [9.5%] vs 0 of 24) and suicide (3 of 21 [14.3%] vs 0 of 24) (P = .02).Conclusions and RelevanceThe findings of this matched cohort study indicate that there is no difference in overall mortality rates between NHL enforcers and controls. However, being an enforcer was associated with dying approximately 10 years earlier and more frequently of suicide and drug overdose.
Investigating Social Media to Evaluate Emergency Medicine Physicians’ Emotional Well-being During COVID-19
Authors: Agarwal Anish K. , Mittal Juhi , Tran Annie , Merchant Raina , Guntuku Sharath Chandra 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceEmergency medicine (EM) physicians experience tremendous emotional health strain, which has been exacerbated during COVID-19, and many have taken to social media to express themselves.ObjectiveTo analyze social media content from academic EM physicians and resident physicians to investigate changes in content and language as indicators of their emotional well-being.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used machine learning and natural language processing of Twitter posts from self-described academic EM physicians and resident physicians between March 2018 and March 2022. Participants included academic EM physicians and resident physicians with publicly accessible posts (at least 300 total words across the posts) from the US counties with the top 10 COVID-19 case burdens. Data analysis was performed from June to September 2022.ExposureBeing an EM physician or resident physician who posted on Twitter.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSocial media content themes during the prepandemic period, during the pandemic, and across the phases of the pandemic were analyzed. Psychological constructs evaluated included anxiety, anger, depression, and loneliness. Positive and negative language sentiment within posts was measured.ResultsThis study identified 471 physicians with a total of 198 867 posts (mean [SD], 11 403 [18 998] words across posts; median [IQR], 3445 [1100-11 591] words across posts). The top 5 prepandemic themes included free open-access medical education (Cohen d, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.38-0.50), residency education (Cohen d, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.37-0.49), gun violence (Cohen d, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.32-0.44), quality improvement in health care (Cohen d, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.27-0.39), and professional resident associations (Cohen d, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.27-0.39). During the pandemic, themes were significantly related to healthy behaviors during COVID-19 (Cohen d, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.90), pandemic response (Cohen d, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.77), vaccines and vaccination (Cohen d, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.53-0.66), unstable housing and homelessness (Cohen d, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.34-0.47), and emotional support for others (Cohen d, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.34-0.46). Across the phases of the pandemic, thematic content within social media posts changed significantly. Compared with the prepandemic period, there was significantly less positive, and concordantly more negative, language used during COVID-19. Estimates of loneliness, anxiety, anger, and depression also increased significantly during COVID-19.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, key thematic shifts and increases in language related to anxiety, anger, depression, and loneliness were identified in the content posted on social media by academic EM physicians and resident physicians during the pandemic. Social media may provide a real-time and evolving landscape to evaluate thematic content and linguistics related to emotions and sentiment for health care workers.
Evaluation of commercial devices for patient specific QA of stereotactic radiotherapy plans
Authors: James Shands , Al‐Basheer Ahmad , Elder Eric , Huh Chulhaeng , Ackerman Christopher , Barrett John , Hamilton Russell , Mostafaei Farshad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) methods have become common for the treatment of small tumors in various parts of the body. Small field dosimetry has a unique set of challenges when it comes to the pre‐treatment validation of a radiotherapy plan that involves film dosimetry or high‐resolution detectors. Comparison of commercial quality assurance (QA) devices to the film dosimetry method for pre‐treatment evaluation of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), fractionated SRT, and stereotactic body radiation therapy treatment plans have been evaluated in this study. Forty stereotactic QA plans were measured using EBT‐XD film, IBA Matrixx Resolution, SNC ArcCHECK, Varian aS1200 EPID, SNC SRS MapCHECK, and IBA myQA SRS. The results of the commercial devices are compared to the EBT‐XD film dosimetry results for each gamma criteria. Treatment plan characteristics such as modulation factor and target volume were investigated for correlation with the passing rates. It was found that all detectors have greater than 95% passing rates at 3%/3 mm. Passing rates decrease rapidly for ArcCHECK and the Matrixx as criteria became more strict. In contrast, EBT‐XD film, SNC SRS MapCHECK, and IBA myQA SRS passing rates do not decline as rapidly when compared to Matrix Resolution, ArcCHECK, and the EPID. EBT‐XD film, SNC SRS MapCHECK, and IBA myQA SRS maintain greater than 90% passing rate at 2%/1 mm and greater than 80% at 1%/1 mm. Additionally, the ability of these devices to detect changes in dose distribution due to MLC positioning errors was investigated. Ten VMAT SBRT/SRS treatment plans were created with 6 MV FFF or 10 MV FFF beam energies using Eclipse 15.6. A MATLAB script was used to create two MLC positioning error scenarios from the original treatment plan. It was found that errors in MLC positioning were most reliably detected at 2%/1 mm for high‐resolution detectors and that lower‐resolution detectors did not consistently detect MLC positioning errors.
Simulation and analysis of mechanical properties of complex steel cover beam under static load
Authors: Ma Zhile 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the development of high‐speed railways in China has been rapid. High‐speed railway bridges play an essential role whenever the railway intersects with existing facilities in three dimensions. With the increasing speed of high‐speed railways and increasingly complex geographical locations, the span of bridges is constantly increasing. Based on their advantages, steel structures in large‐span bridges are beginning to replace traditional concrete structures. Taking the steel cover beam technology applied in the Fuqiangbao Tremendous Bridge as a starting point, this paper uses Rhino parameterized modeling and Abaqus software to conduct finite element analysis on the stress of steel cover beams. It compares and analyzes stress under different conditions. The results show that the steel cover beam's most unfavorable and unstable position in this paper is at the support on the stress side. This provides a reference for monitoring the steel cover beam after its application in the Fuqiangbao Tremendous Bridge and technical accumulation for the application of steel cover beam technology.
Nickel hydroxide growth on renewable activated carbon microfibers for the development of supercapacitors
Authors: Hinkle John , Bansode Archana , Alizadeh Nima , Poudyal Amulya , Thornhill John , Bass Anthony , Zhang Xinyu , Adamczyk Andrew J. , Elder Thomas , Auad Maria L. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLignin is one of the most common naturally occurring macromolecules. It is associated with cellulose and hemicelluloses in terrestrial plants, providing mechanical stiffness and contributing to moisture control and defense toward insects and fungi. Lignin is typically a polymer of three different cinnamyl alcohols, para‐coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol, which varies with the plant species. Solubilized lignin from the kraft pulping process is mainly concentrated and burned as part of the liquor recovery cycle in the kraft pulping. Given its aromatic nature, other uses of lignin include the development of platform chemicals, polymers, and fuels. This work uses lignin to develop carbon fibers to act as supercapacitors. Lignin microfibers were produced using an electrospinning process, carbonized under an inert atmosphere, and activated to increase surface area and improve capacitance. The activation process is shown to improve the specific capacitance of the material. In addition to activation, nanocrystals were grown on the surface of the carbon microfibers as these nanocrystals have been shown to improve the specific capacitance. When both surface modifications are performed to the lignin‐based carbon fiber, it improves the specific capacitance retention regarding scan rate increase during cyclic voltammetry. The specific capacitance for the carbon fiber, activated carbon fiber, Ni(OH)2 carbon fiber, and Ni(OH)2 activated carbon fiber at 10 mV/s are 189, 206, 10, and 103 F/g.
Linear PEI‐based responsive hydrogels: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Araque Luis M. , Pérez Claudio J. , Infantes‐Molina Antonia , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Copello Guillermo J. , Lázaro‐Martínez Juan M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo responsive PEI hydrogels (P1.5E and P2E) were synthesized through a click reaction using linear PEI polymers with different cross‐linker contents (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether—EGDE) and avoiding organic solvents. Through 13C HRMAS NMR and DSC studies the presence of residual epoxy groups and different protonation states of the linear PEI segments in the hydrogel were detected. The swelling and rheological behavior was dependent on the cross‐linking degree. The hydrogel with the lower cross‐linking degree (P1.5E) presented higher swelling values, but it was less resistant to the deformation. Besides, the swelling capacity and the resistance to deformation were found to be dependent on the interchain repulsions and charge of the amine groups, which endowed the hydrogels with stimuli‐responsive behavior to pH or ionic strength changes. For both hydrogels, the swelling capacity and rheological properties were inversely proportional and directly proportional to the pH increase, respectively. Both materials presented adsorption capacity for the azo dye methyl orange (MO) and Cu2+ ions. The interaction of the materials with the pollutants was also dependent on the cross‐linking degree, being P1.5E the one that presented higher sorption capacities. Furthermore, the hydrogels did not release toxic molecules, as assessed by lettuce seeds germination experiments.