bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of quality of life and mental health during the Covid-19 lockdown and six months after in Italy. A longitudinal exploration
Authors: Veronese Guido , Cavazzoni Federica , Pepe Alessandro 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Aim
Covid-19 pandemic and its relative containment measures have affected populations' quality of life and psychological well-being worldwide. The fear related to the pandemic and the imposed containment measures has acted as a trigger causing a global increase in negative mental health states. Thus, we aimed to explore the relationship between fear of covid-19 and mental health via QoL (the first and the second lockdown in Italy, 2020).

Subject and methods
Through a quantitative cross-lagged path model research design, the study investigates people’s fear of Covid-19, quality of life, and negative mental states in a population of 444 Italian adults (Mean=40.7; Standard Deviation=16.9; 80% women), in the period between the first and the second waves of the pandemic.

Results
Results show that participants’ Covid-19 fear decreased between waves, contributing to a decrease in negative mental states (stress, anxiety and depression), thus improving the perceived quality of life. Furthermore, quality of life emerged as able to buffer the impact of fear of Covid on people’s psychological distress in short and medium terms, confirming its central role in regulating mental distress.

Conclusion
The study suggests important guidelines for developing interventions to support the populations’ well-being and mental health.
A modified single edge V-notched beam method for evaluating surface fracture toughness of thermal barrier coatings
Authors: Bai Haoran , Wang Zhanyu , Luo Sangyu , Qu Zhaoliang , Fang Daining 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe surface fracture toughness is an important mechanical parameter for studying the failure behavior of air plasma sprayed (APS) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). As APS TBCs are typical multilayer porous ceramic materials, the direct applications of the traditional single edge notched beam (SENB) method that ignores those typical structural characters may cause errors. To measure the surface fracture toughness more accurately, the effects of multilayer and porous characters on the fracture toughness of APS TBCs should be considered. In this paper, a modified single edge V-notched beam (MSEVNB) method with typical structural characters is developed. According to the finite element analysis (FEA), the geometry factor of the multilayer structure is recalculated. Owing to the narrower V-notches, a more accurate critical fracture stress is obtained. Based on the Griffith energy balance, the reduction of the crack surface caused by micro-defects is corrected. The MSEVNB method can measure the surface fracture toughness more accurately than the SENB method.
Do soft soil layers reduce the seismic kinematic distress of onshore high-pressure gas pipelines?
Authors: Makrakis Nikolaos , Psarropoulos Prodromos N. , Sextos Anastasios , Tsompanakis Yiannis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOnshore high - pressure gas pipelines constitute critical infrastructure that usually cross seismic - prone regions and are vulnerable to Permanent Ground Deformations (PGDs) due to active seismic faults. In design, it may not be feasible to avoid fault rupture areas due to various technical, economical and topographic reasons. Moreover, the presence of soil layers affects the PGDs resulting from a tectonic fault, which in turn may alter the seismic demand on the pipeline. The current study investigates numerically the impact of soft soil layers on the seismic kinematic distress of onshore gas pipelines. For this purpose, a decoupled numerical modeling approach is adopted, consisting of two separate finite - element models for the simulation of soil response and pipeline distress, respectively. Soil non - linearities are taken into account utilizing the Mohr - Coulomb constitutive model with isotropic strain softening. An extensive parametric analysis is performed considering different faulting mechanisms and fault dip angles, as well as soil geometry and mechanical properties. Consequently, the maximum absolute values of both tensile and compressive pipeline strains are correlated with the seismic intensity level (i.e., in terms of bedrock offset which is associated with earthquake magnitude via simple relationships). The paper concludes with a set of design charts and tables for the preliminary seismic design of onshore high - pressure gas pipelines. These charts and tables predict with reasonable accuracy pipeline deformations, in terms of strains, for different magnitude, fault type, dip angle, sand type, and varying overlying soil layer thickness.
Teachers’ Scaffolding Behavior and Visual Perception During Cooperative Learning
Authors: Li Rangmei , Cao Yiming , Tang Haijun , Kaiser Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Teacher scaffolding is crucial to promote students’ cooperative learning processes, but little is known about the cognitive attention underlying teachers’ scaffolding behavior. This study aims to investigate the scaffolding behavior teachers exhibit while intervening in students’ cooperative learning and to explore the relation between teachers’ scaffolding behavior and visual perception when applying supportive strategies. Four secondary teachers in China were studied during mathematics lessons using eye-tracking glasses complemented by an additional classroom camera with interviews. The results show that the teachers applied scaffolding strategies very often, followed by the usage of diagnostic strategies. Furthermore, they were more concerned about the cognitive aspects of students’ learning processes than the social aspects. The applied strategies were significantly related to fixation patterns during scaffolding. Detailed analysis suggests that (1) the teachers diagnosed students’ understanding mainly by observing the material with an attention or scan pattern; (2) during scaffolding processes, when applying a cognitive performance strategy, teachers paid attention to both the students and their material; (3) while regulating cognitive processes, most teachers scanned students’ material quickly; and (4) teachers generally focused more on materials to provide interaction-related help than on students’ facial expressions. Additionally, the study points out that teachers’ perception skills and behaviors during class activities may be influenced by the task being performed, teachers’ teaching experience, and their beliefs.
Adapting Cubic Hermite Splines to the Presence of Singularities Through Correction Terms
Authors: Amat Sergio , Li Zhilin , Ruiz-Álvarez Juan , Solano Concepción , Trillo Juan C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHermite interpolation is classically used to reconstruct smooth data when the function and its first order derivatives are available at certain nodes. If first order derivatives are not available, it is easy to set a system of equations imposing some regularity conditions at the data nodes in order to obtain them. This process leads to the construction of a Hermite spline. The problem of the described Hermite splines is that the accuracy is lost if the data contains singularities. The consequence is the appearance of oscillations, if there is a jump discontinuity in the function, that globally affects the accuracy of the spline, or the smearing of singularities, if the discontinuities are in the derivatives of the function. This paper is devoted to the construction and analysis of a new technique that allows for the computation of accurate first order derivatives of a function close to singularities using a Hermite spline. The idea is to correct the system of equations of the spline in order to attain the desired accuracy even close to the singularities. Once we have computed the first order derivatives with enough accuracy, a correction term is added to the Hermite spline in the intervals that contain a singularity. The aim is to reconstruct piecewise smooth functions with$$O(h^4)$$O(h4)accuracy even close to the singularities. The process of adaption will require some knowledge about the position of the singularity and the jumps of the function and some of its derivatives at the singularity. The whole process can be used as a post-processing, where a correction term is added to the classical cubic Hermite spline. Proofs for the accuracy and regularity of the corrected spline and its derivatives are given. We also analyse the mechanism that eliminates the Gibbs phenomenon close to jump discontinuities in the function. The numerical experiments presented confirm the theoretical results obtained.
The Concept of Legal Language: What Makes Legal Language ‘Legal‘?
Authors: Glogar Ondřej 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany legal theorists and linguists have addressed the notion of legal language from different perspectives. Despite that, the definitions of legal language vary. Almost all of the approaches conclude that legal language entails several types of communication. Nevertheless, not all of these categories are sufficiently researched. Some types of legal communication seem to be neglected. This lack of interest might be rooted in the uncertainty of whether these texts or utterances even fall under the scope of the concept of legal language. In order to avoid this superficiality in subsequent research, it is first necessary to come to a clear determination of which communicative acts can be considered a part of legal language and which cannot. Accordingly, in this search for the definition of legal language, we should not neglect the fact that language is executed in concrete communicative acts, and the only means to grasp the language is through communication. The aim of this article is therefore to clearly delineate the boundaries of this concept. Based on analysis of how the given term is currently defined, I draw out the common features and trace the characteristics in which they differ. Taking into account these findings, I propose a novel comprehensive demarcation of legal language. This concept argues that the ‘legal’ nature of language should be determined by the context and function of the particular statement or exchange, in connection with the role of participants in the communication. This means that a particular act may be considered a part of legal language not in accordance with a certain form or lexicon used, but mainly by extralinguistic circumstances in the context of which it is being performed.
Heavy metal uptake by plant parts of Populus species: a meta-analysis
Authors: Tőzsér Dávid , Horváth Roland , Simon Edina , Magura Tibor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPopulus species are well documented for being potentially suitable for phytoremediation purposes regarding their accumulation characteristics. However, published results are contradictory. Based on the data gathered during an extensive literature search, we aimed to assess and revise the metal accumulation potential in the root, stem, and leaf of Populus species growing in contaminated soils, with meta-analysis. We evaluated the influences of pollution level, soil pH, and exposure time on the metal uptake patterns. We found accumulations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn to be significant in each plant part, while that was only moderate for Ni, and limited for Mn. By calculating the soil pollution index (PI), we observed significantly intensive, PI-independent accumulation for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. A decrease in soil pH significantly increased the uptake of Mn and significantly decreased the accumulation of Pb in the stem. Metal uptake was significantly influenced by exposure time as well; Cd concentration was significantly decreased in the stem, while concentrations of Cr in the stem and leaf, and Mn in the stem were significantly increased with time. These aforementioned findings support a well-founded metal-and-growth condition-specific application of poplars in phytoremediation processes, also triggering further in-depth assessments to enhance the efficiency of relevant poplar-based technologies.
Sorry—Bad Habit! Validation of the German Self-Report Habit Index with a Test for Its Relation to Potentially Addictive Forms of Health-Risk Behaviors
Authors: Opwis Mareile , Bartel Eva Catrin , Salewski Christel , Schmidt Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHabits are highly automated behaviors that have received renewed attention in addiction research. The Self-Report Habit Index (SRHI) is a widely used measure of habits. Two cross-sectional online studies aimed at validating a German version of the SRHI to assess two everyday health-risk behaviors: caffeine consumption and smartphone/tablet use. In both studies (N = 1310), the SRHI scales (one adapted for caffeine consumption, one for smartphone/tablet use), as well as corresponding addiction scales and health outcomes (study 1), or established validity measures (study 2), were assessed. Both SRHI scales showed satisfying item characteristics, high internal consistencies (αs > .90), adequate construct validity, and a three-factorial solution with a satisfying model fit (CFI/TLIs > .95, SRMRs ≤ 0.05). Highest correlations emerged between SRHI and addiction scales. The studies show that the German SRHI can be used to validly assess health-risk behaviors. The observed strong correlations of the SRHI scales with addiction scales suggest that (self-reported) habit is indeed an important aspect to consider in addiction research.
‘Oh you’re on our side, you’re my brother’: occupational ontology and challenges for Muslim prison officers in Europe
Authors: Quraishi Muzammil , Wilkinson Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFilling a significant gap in prisons research, this paper articulates the experiences and perspectives of a group of Muslim prison officers interviewed as part of an international study examining Islam in prison. These Muslim prison officers occupied a precarious occupational cultural space between Us (prison officers) and Them (Muslim prisoners) which presented both risks of exclusion, religious and racial prejudices and opportunities to build bridges between prisoners and staff and to educate, especially in the dimension of religion. The very presence of Muslim prison officers in prisons challenged traditional occupational cultural stereotypes around both prison officers and Muslims. The disproportionately large numbers of Muslim prisoners in Europe and the haphazard way that Muslim prison officers often encounter the profession, suggest both that better training focused upon Islam in prison for existing prison officers is vital and that more directed recruitment of Muslim prison officers is needed.
Gopal Sreenivasan, Emotion and Virtue: Five Questions About Courage
Authors: Barney Rachel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAn important virtue of Emotion and Virtue is its careful and sophisticated discussion of the central yet ill-understood virtue of courage. However, Sreenivasan’s treatment of courage raises as many questions as it answers; several of these can be brought into sharper focus by comparison with the argument of Plato and Aristotle on the topic.
Ultraviolet Light Radiation Effects on Viscoelastic Property Variation in Polymers
Authors: Farroni Flavio , Sakhnevych Aleksandr , Timpone Francesco , Genovese Andrea 
Published: May 2023

AbstractViscoelastic materials exhibit a variable mechanical behavior generally investigated through Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA). Such kind of test is carried out on standardized specimens, which have to be specifically produced or extracted from the component to be characterized, causing its destruction. This work, taking advantage of an innovative non-invasive testing procedure, based on an instrumented evaluation of indentation, aims to experimentally study the viscoelastic properties changes in polymer compounds, caused by exposure to UV rays. The analysis has been executed on two different polymer compounds designed for tire tread. An extensive use of UV radiation is performed to generate changes in rubber compound properties, but as concerns tire compounds application, there are only a few studies in literature and the same can be stated regarding the monitoring of properties over time using non-destructive procedures. In order to evaluate the viscoelastic properties variation, a proper test bench has been developed employing an UV lamp coupled with an innovative testing device. A test campaign has been carried out on the different tire compound specimens, tested in different conditions in terms of exposure time, exposure face and after various time ranges from the exposition. The tested compound samples exhibit a different chemical composition in terms of polymer blend ratio. The overall results highlight: the ability of the proposed technique to measure the variation in the mechanical behavior of the materials induced by exposure to UV rays and significant variations in viscoelastic properties induced on the compounds as a function of the time of exposure to UV rays and of the chemical composition.
CellRemorph: A Toolkit for Transforming, Selecting, and Slicing 3D Cell Structures on the Road to Morphologically Detailed Astrocyte Simulations
Authors: Keto Laura , Manninen Tiina 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnderstanding functions of astrocytes can be greatly enhanced by building and simulating computational models that capture their morphological details. Novel computational tools enable utilization of existing morphological data of astrocytes and building models that have appropriate level of details for specific simulation purposes. In addition to analyzing existing computational tools for constructing, transforming, and assessing astrocyte morphologies, we present here the CellRemorph toolkit implemented as an add-on for Blender, a 3D modeling platform increasingly recognized for its utility for manipulating 3D biological data. To our knowledge, CellRemorph is the first toolkit for transforming astrocyte morphologies from polygonal surface meshes into adjustable surface point clouds and vice versa, precisely selecting nanoprocesses, and slicing morphologies into segments with equal surface areas or volumes. CellRemorph is an open-source toolkit under the GNU General Public License and easily accessible via an intuitive graphical user interface. CellRemorph will be a valuable addition to other Blender add-ons, providing novel functionality that facilitates the creation of realistic astrocyte morphologies for different types of morphologically detailed simulations elucidating the role of astrocytes both in health and disease.
Entity Realism Meets Perspectivism
Authors: Khalili Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRelying on the notion of “overlapping perspectives,” this paper argues that entity realism and perspectivism are complementary. According to entity realism, it is justified to maintain a positive attitude toward the existence of unobservable entities with which multiple experimental interactions are possible. Perspectivism also explains that our beliefs about these entities are bounded by historically contingent theoretical and instrumental perspectives. The argument of the paper is developed through a discussion of Ronald Giere’s versions of realism: entity realism, constructive realism, and perspectival realism.
Increased breast cancer mortality due to treatment delay and needle biopsy type: a retrospective analysis of SEER-medicare
Authors: Pathak Rashmi , Leslie Macall , Dondapati Priya , Davis Rachel , Tanaka Kenichi , Jett Elizabeth , Chervoneva Inna , Tanaka Takemi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Substantial evidence indicates that delay of first treatment after diagnosis is associated with poorer survival outcomes in breast cancer. Accordingly, the Commission on Cancer introduced a quality measure for receipt of therapeutic surgery within 60 days of diagnostic biopsy for stage I–III breast cancer patients in the non-neoadjuvant setting. It is unknown, however, what may contribute to mortality associated with treatment delay. Therefore, we investigated whether biopsy type moderates the effect of the mortality risk posed by treatment delay.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of 31,306 women with stage I–III breast cancer diagnosed between 2003 and 2013 selected from the SEER-Medicare database was performed to determine whether needle biopsy type [core needle biopsy (CNB) or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB)] impacts time to treatment (TTT)-associated survival outcomes. Multivariable Fine-Gray competing risk survival models, adjusted for inverse propensity score weights, were used to determine the association between biopsy type, TTT, and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM).

Results
TTT ≥ 60 days was associated with 45% higher risk of BCSM (sHR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.24–1.69) compared to those with TTT < 60 days in stage I–III cases. Independent of TTT, CNB was associated with 28% higher risk of BCSM compared to VAB in stage II–III cases (sHR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.11–1.36), translating to a 2.7% and 4.0% absolute difference in BCSM at 5 and 10 years, respectively. However, in stage I cases, the BCSM risk was not associated with type of biopsy.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that treatment delay ≥ 60 days is independently associated with poorer survival outcomes in breast cancer patients. In stage II–III, CNB is associated with higher BCSM than VAB. However, type of biopsy does not underlie TTT-associated breast cancer mortality risk.
The enumerative geometry of cubic hypersurfaces: point and line conditions
Authors: Belotti Mara , Danelon Alessandro , Fevola Claudia , Kretschmer Andreas 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe set of smooth cubic hypersurfaces in $${{\mathbb {P}}}^n$$

P

n

is an open subset of a projective space. A compactification of the latter which allows to count the number of smooth cubic hypersurfaces tangent to a prescribed number of lines and passing through a given number of points is termed a 1–complete variety of cubic hypersurfaces, in analogy with the space of complete quadrics. Imitating the work of Aluffi for plane cubic curves, we construct such a space in arbitrary dimensions by a sequence of five blow-ups. The counting problem is then reduced to the computation of five total Chern classes. In the end, we derive the desired numbers in the case of cubic surfaces.
You are how (and where) you search? Comparative analysis of web search behavior using web tracking data
Authors: Urman Aleksandra , Makhortykh Mykola 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this article, we conduct a comparative analysis of web search behaviors in Switzerland and Germany. For this aim, we rely on a combination of web tracking data and survey data collected over a period of 2 months from users in Germany (n = 558) and Switzerland (n = 563). We find that web search accounts for 13% of all desktop browsing, with the share being higher in Switzerland than in Germany. In over 50% of cases users clicked on the first search result, with over 97% of all clicks being made on the first page of search outputs. Most users rely on Google when conducting searches, with some differences observed in users’ preferences for other engines across demographic groups. Further, we observe differences in the temporal patterns of web search use between women and men, marking the necessity of disaggregating data by gender in observational studies regarding online information seeking behaviors. Our findings highlight the contextual differences in web search behavior across countries and demographic groups that should be taken into account when examining search behavior and the potential effects of web search result quality on societies and individuals.