bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilateral laryngeal paralysis following single‐staged, bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in a cocker spaniel
Authors: Allen Alexandra , Rozanski Elizabeth , DeStefano Ian , Kent Marc , Kudej Raymond 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old, spayed, female cocker spaniel was presented for surgical treatment of otitis externa and media/interna that was unresponsive to medical management. Preoperative computed tomography imaging revealed bilateral otitis externa and media/interna. Extensive soft tissue proliferation and mineralisation of the ear canals were present. Both tympanic bullae had lysis and proliferative bony changes. The dog underwent single‐staged, bilateral total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomies. Following recovery from anaesthesia, inspiratory respiratory distress developed. Visual examination of the larynx documented bilateral laryngeal paralysis. Palliation with unilateral arytenoid lateralisation was declined and despite 9 days of antimicrobials, anti‐inflammatory medication, oxygen therapy and supportive care, inspiratory respiratory distress persisted. The dog was euthanased due to inability to breathe comfortably without supplemental oxygen. Bilateral laryngeal paralysis was considered secondary to iatrogenic surgical trauma to the vagus nerve.
Unpacking AI-Infused Systems Qualities. Building a UX Evaluation Method
Authors: Spallazzo Davide , Sciannamè Martina , Ceconello Mauro 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The chapter illustrates the results of an enquiry aiming to systematize the qualities of AI-infused devices and to propose a specific method to assess the UX they entail. For the purpose, advanced users were involved in a semi structured questionnaire aimed to understand their perception of AI-infused products and the related UX qualities they care the most. Pragmatic, aesthetic, hedonic, affective, intelligence, trustworthiness, conversational, and meaningfulness dimensions have been proposed as a starting point and the less traditional have garnered particular consensus.
Comparison of health-related quality of life in atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, pemphigus and psoriasis
Authors: Balázs Péter György , Gáspár Krisztián , Gergely Hunor L. , Hajdú Krisztina , Holló Péter , Koszorú Kamilla , Poór Adrienn Katalin , Sárdy Miklós , Szegedi Andrea , Tamási Béla , Wikonkál Norbert , Brodszky Valentin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study aims to explore the measurement agreement between direct and indirect health utility measures in four chronic dermatological conditions (atopic dermatitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, pemphigus, psoriasis). Outpatients survey data collected between 2015 and 2021 were analysed. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcome measures included time trade-off (TTO), EQ-5D-5L and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Descriptive statistics were computed for the pooled sample and four diseases. Mean, standard deviation (SD), median, interquartile range (IQR), ceiling and floor effects were calculated for TTO, EQ-5D-5L and DLQI utilities. Bland‒Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were applied to investigate the agreement between health utility measures. Sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, educational level, employment status) and health-related information (disease duration, outpatient care visits in the past 3 months and disease severity) impact on utilities was investigated by Tobit regressions. The sample includes N = 765 patient responses with a mean age of 41.5 (SD = 16.2), majority being males (52.7%). Total sample mean utilities were the highest according to TTO (0.83), followed by EQ-5D-5L and vDLQI (0.81 and 0.81) and lowest in mDLQI (0.77). Measurement agreement was found only between TTO and EQ-5D-5L. Skin-disease severity impacted all health state utilities, though only TTO differentiated utility values according to disease type. The discrepancies between the TTO and DLQI warn to compare DLQI-based utilities in different dermatological conditions with extreme caution.
Average reward adjusted discounted reinforcement learning
Authors: Schneckenreither Manuel , Moser Georg 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a novel view upon reinforcement learning (RL for short). In particular, we are interested in applications of RL in use cases, where average rewards may be nonzero. While RL methodologies have been extensively researched upon, this particular application area has only received scarce attention in the Literature. In part, our motivation stems from applications in Operation Research (OR for short), where it is typically the case that rewards are profit derived. Similar use cases can be found in more general applications in economics. Based on a principled study of the mathematical background of discounted reinforcement learning we establish a novel adaptation of standard RL, dubbed Average Reward Adjusted Discounted Reinforcement Learning (ARAL for short). Our approach stems from revisiting the Laurent Series expansion of the discounted state value and a subsequent reformulation of the target function guiding the learning process. While the theoretical advance is arguably incremental, we provide ample experimental evidence that the thus obtained novel RL methodology compares favorable to well-established techniques like Q-learning or R-learning.
Morphometric analysis of exuviae suggests sexual dimorphism and induced morphological plasticity in pond-dwelling dragonflies
Authors: Lehká Zuzana , Janto Adam , Svitok Marek , Novikmec Milan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The study of dragonfly exuviae is an effective tool that provides noninvasive insight into many aspects of their population biology or interspecific interactions with their predators or prey. Here, we analysed morphometric parameters of the exuviae of five dominant dragonfly species in three central European ponds characterized by different fish populations and generated a robust set of morphometric data. We hypothesized that sexual dimorphism may occur at least in some taxa, and we assumed that the presence of fish may induce phenotypic plasticity – differences in some morphological parameters (e.g., larger abdominal spines in Anisoptera). Except for one, all of the studied species showed significant sexual size dimorphism that was species-specific. In Aeshna cyanea, Pyrrhosoma
nymphula and Coenagrion cf. puella female exuviae were generally larger than male exuviae, whereas the exuviae were larger for males than for females in Sympetrum cf. vulgatum. We suppose that sexual selection but also other selection mechanisms, such as phenotypic adaptation to different microhabitats, underlie the observed patterns. The morphometric characteristics of the dragonfly nymphal populations also differed geographically, most likely as a trade-off between induced defence against fish predation and predation by other invertebrates, and adaptations for fish fry capture. Sexual dimorphism and between-site variability can have important ecological consequences for dragonfly nymphs in freshwater food webs. However, both may arise from a complicated tangle of factors that need further study.
Doing Away with Skepticism about Harm
Authors: Folland Anna 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The concept of harm plays a central role in many philosophical discussions. There are numerous ethical theories, claims, and arguments that appeal to the concept of harm. However, some philosophers think that the concept of harm is not fit to play this role in philosophical theorizing. Bradley (2012) argues that the concept is problematic to such an extent that we should do away with it. Bradley is not the only philosopher who doubts this concept’s usefulness, although others make more modest and suggestive skeptical claims. In this paper, I examine several claims in support of skepticism, which are explicitly embraced or hinted to in the literature. Some examples are the claims that the harm concept is defective and that harm is morally insignificant. Neither those claims nor others, I argue, yield a good case for skepticism about harm.
Inclusion of Dunaliella salina in cold extruded and softly dried diets as a promising way to enhance the quality of Paracentrotus lividus gonads
Authors: Canada Paula , Garrido Inês , Baião Luís F. , Sá Tiago , Amaro Helena M. , Guedes A. Catarina , Tavares Tânia , Costa Isabel , Malcata F. Xavier , Amaro Filipa , Pinto Joana , de Pinho Paula Guedes , Valente Luísa M. P. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The unicellular alga Dunaliella salina is a good source of β-carotene whereas the macroalga Porphyra sp. is rich in flavor-enhancing amino-acids such as glycine. Therefore, this study focused on the development of new dietary formulations for Paracentrotus lividus, including D. salina, Porphyra or glycine, aimed at improving roe color and flavour. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were produced by cold extrusion and soft drying, meant to protect carotenoids. Sea urchins were fed these diets every 2 days in a recirculating aquatic system, at 18ºC. At the end of 8 weeks all diets proved equally effective in promoting growth and improving the gonadossomatic index. However, there were differences in the feed conversion ratio, which was lower in sea-urchins grown upon a diet based on commercial macroalgae mix and supplemented with D. salina at 1.5% (D2). Notable differences were found between males and females on carotenoids deposition in both gut and gonads, gonadal proximal composition, volatile compounds and anti-oxidant activity. This suggests sex-related differences in both nutrient assimilation and several metabolic processes. Gut carotenoids were influenced by both sex and diet, but gonads carotenoids were only affected by sex. All diets supplemented with Dunaliella improved gonad colour, resulting in redder and darker gonads when compared to a control (non-supplemented) diet. In particular D2 allowed to produce gonads with a higher colour saturation (C*) and the lowest hue angle (h*), comparable to a gourmet reference. Glycine supplementation and Porphyra led to an increase of sweet tasting amino acids in P. lividus roe. Dunaliella salina and Porphyra also increased umami tasting amino acids. The overall results point to D2 as the most promising formulation for P. lividus grow-out, as it allowed to obtain good colour roe at a lower feed conversion ratio.
Analysis of the structural and optical characteristics of ZnSe thin films as interface layer
Authors: Emir Cansu , Tataroglu Adem , Gökmen Uğur , Ocak Sema Bilge 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This research reveals the results of a comprehensive analysis of the optical and structural features of zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin film. The studied film was synthesized using the thermal evaporation method after preparation on the glass substrate. The film’s structural characteristics, which have been determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirm the polycrystalline nature of the films with a predominant cubic zinc-blende structure. The surface morphology investigated through SEM reveals a uniform grain distribution with minimal surface defects, indicating high-quality film formation. In order to examine the optical characteristics, the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy method is used in a spectral range between 300 and 900 nm. In this way, the ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy data are utilized to obtain optical features such as extinction coefficient (k), optical band gap (Eg), refractive index (n), absorption coefficient (α), and optical conductivity (σopt). These optical properties are assessed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, revealing a direct band gap of approximately 2.88 eV, which is consistent with the bulk properties of ZnSe and suitable for optoelectronic applications. The results of this study clearly show that the studied ZnSe film can be used for optoelectronic device applications.
Characterization of thermal fatigue properties of lead-free Sn–Cu–Al–Mg solder alloy produced by powder metallurgy method
Authors: Serin Nimet Selin , Soy Berke , Keskin Gorkem , Arabaci Aliye , Emiroglu Yasin , Mutlu Ilven 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In the present study, lead-free Sn–Cu–Al–Mg-based solder alloys for electronics packaging were produced. Effects of thermal shock and thermal stress on the crack formation in the Sn-based solder alloys were investigated. Lead-free quaternary Sn–Cu–Al–Mg-based solder alloys were produced by using mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy route. Soldering involves using a molten filler metal to wet the surfaces of a joint. Wave soldering is a method for mass assembly of printed circuit boards involving through holes, surface. Lead-free solder alloys must show high wettability, suitable mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, high electrochemical corrosion resistance, and low cost. Mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy method were used in order to prevent formation of intermetallics and formation of voids. Mechanical alloying–powder metallurgy method could reduce the micro/macro-segregation and provide homogeneous microstructure. Initially, elemental metal powders were mechanically alloyed in a ball mill by using zirconia balls in order to produce alloy powders. Then, the alloy powders were compacted at 300 MPa and then the green specimens were sintered at 180 °C for 60 min. Nondestructive ultrasonic tests and eddy current tests were used for characterization of the solder alloy specimens. Elastic modulus of the Sn alloys was determined by ultrasonic measurements. Electrical conductivity of the specimens was determined by using eddy current tests. Microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscope. Effects of thermal shock and thermal stress on the crack formation in the alloys were investigated by heat treatment cycles in a chamber furnace. Heating cycles for thermal stress consist of heating to 150 °C and slow cooling. Heating cycles for the thermal shock consist of heating and quenching. In addition, electrochemical corrosion behaviour of the Sn solder alloys was investigated in NaCl solution.
Longitudinal Relationships Across Bullying Victimization, Friendship and Social Support, and Internalizing Symptoms in Early-to-Middle Adolescence: A Developmental Cascades Investigation
Authors: Cheng Qiqi , Mills-Webb Kathryn , Marquez Jose , Humphrey Neil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Current understanding of the longitudinal relationships between different aspects of peer relationships and mental health problems in early- to mid-adolescence is limited. In particular, the role played by gender in these developmental cascades processes is unclear, little is known about within-person effects between bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms, and the theorized benefits of friendship and social support are largely untested. Addressing these important research gaps, this study tested a number of theory-driven hypotheses (e.g., interpersonal risk model, transactional model) regarding longitudinal relationships between bullying victimization, friendship and social support, and internalizing symptoms. The study sample was N = 26,458 adolescents (50.6% girls, average age 12 years 8 months (SD = 3.58 months) at baseline) attending k = 176 schools in Greater Manchester, England. Separating within-person effects from between-person effects, a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) was applied to three annual waves of data. Analyses revealed that developmental cascade pathways varied across gender, as follows: higher rates of bullying victimization led to increased internalizing symptoms (partially for girls, fully for boys) and lower levels of friendship and social support (for girls only); higher levels of friendship and social support did not confer any protection against future bullying victimization (for girls or boys) but did lead to reduced internalizing symptoms (partially for girls, but not for boys); and, higher levels of internalizing symptoms led to increased rates of bullying victimization (for boys only) and lower levels of friendship and social support (partially for girls, fully for boys). Evidence of reciprocal relationships between bullying victimization and internalizing symptoms (for boys only) and between internalizing symptoms and friendship and social support (for girls only) was also found. Effect sizes of developmental cascade pathways varied but were mostly in the moderate-to-large range relative to the empirical distribution of cross-lagged effects in existing studies (i.e., 50th to 75th percentile). Sensitivity analyses indicated that findings were largely robust to a number of researcher-led analytic choices. The current study indicates that approaches to prevent or reduce the effects of bullying victimization should be prioritized, given the consistent evidence of its substantial role in increasing internalizing symptoms for both genders, in addition to its deleterious impact on girls’ friendship and social support. Preregistration: This study was preregistered at https://osf.io/xrwfq. The study design, hypotheses, and target analyses were registered.
Leaf Age Affects Mercury Accumulation in Evergreen Plants
Authors: Pleijel Håkan , Klingberg Jenny , Sjöman Henrik , Wallin Göran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We investigated the mercury (Hg) concentration of the full range of needle age classes (NACs) in two conifers, nine NACs in Picea abies and fourteen in Abies pinsapo var. marocana, as well as three leaf age classes (LACs) in two broadleaved evergreen species, Trochodendron aralioides and Rhododendron catawbiense. Additionally, the Hg concentration of the wooden branch segments to which the NACs were attached in the two conifers was studied. Picea abies showed a continued Hg accumulation over all NACs, but with an age-dependent decline in the accumulation rate. In Abies pinsapo var. marocana, maximum needle concentrations of Hg were reached after eight years. The concentration remained constant for NACs 9–14, indicating that needles had become saturated with Hg. The Hg concentrations of the branch segments were much lower than those of the needles in the older NACs. Over the three LACs of Trochodendron aralioides and Rhododendron catawbiense there was a steady increase in concentration with a weak indication of a declining Hg uptake rate in older leaves. The average needle/leaf lifetime Hg uptake rate per year was only half that of broadleaved species across all NACs and LACs. We conclude that in conifers maintaining a larger number of NACs there is a decline of the Hg accumulation rate in older NACs. In future biogeochemical research (empirical and modelling) and biomonitoring studies, the age of sampled leaves needs to be considered to account for the age dependence of leaf Hg concentration and accumulation rate.
Magnetic resonance imaging safety in Asia-Oceania: call for action
Authors: Choorakuttil Rijo Mathew , Kan Elaine Yee Ling , Hallinan James Thomas Patrick Decourcy , Cuenza Tamara Razon , Ho Evelyn Lai Ming , Afrin Rawnak , Supakul Nucharin , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Chupetcharasopon Chamaree , Cho Danny Hing Yan , Ng Kwan Hoong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) safety is a critical concern in the Asia-Oceania region, as it is elsewhere in the world, due to the unique and complex MRI environment that demands attention. This call-for-action outlines ten critical steps to enhance MRI safety and promote a culture of responsibility and accountability in the Asia-Oceania region. Key focus areas include strengthening education and expertise, improving quality assurance, fostering collaboration, increasing public awareness, and establishing national safety boards. By implementing these actions, we aim to significantly reduce MRI-related incidents and create a culture of safety across diverse healthcare settings in the Asia-Oceania Region.
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
Authors: Bernhard Johannes , Galli Lukas , Speidl Walter S. , Krychtiuk Konstantin A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, characterized by hepatic steatosis with at least one cardiometabolic risk factor. Patients with MASLD are at increased risk for the occurrence of cardiovascular events. Within this review article, we aimed to provide an update on the pathophysiology of MASLD, its interplay with cardiovascular disease, and current treatment strategies.

Recent Findings
Given their high burden of cardiovascular comorbidities, patients with MASLD or MASH should undergo regular cardiovascular risk assessment using established risk models. In the absence of liver-specific therapies, therapeutic strategies should focus on improving cardiometabolic risk factors. Patients require a multimodal and multi-stakeholder treatment approach, including optimization of lifestyle, dysglycemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Statin treatment represents a safe and effective but often underused therapy in the management of at-risk patients with MASLD and MASH. Novel promising approaches include the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, especially in, but not limited to, patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity.

Summary
Patients with MASLD and MASH are at high cardiovascular risk requiring a multi-modal therapeutic approach including regular cardiovascular risk assessment, as well as lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. Statin therapy represents an inexpensive, safe and effective therapy across the spectrum of non-alcohol related steatotic liver diseases without major safety concerns. More prospective, randomized trials in patients with MASLD and MASH are needed.
Migrants’ Trust in the Swedish Migration Agency: Exploring Influencing Factors Through Large-Scale Survey Data
Authors: Schütze Carolin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Trust in institutions is an important component of political trust and trust in the society in which one lives. For most migrants, the Migration Agency (MA) is the first institution of contact in their new host country. This encounter helps shape how migrants perceive governmental systems. Very few studies have examined migrants’ trust in the MA. In particular, there is a lack of studies making use of directly surveying migrant populations. This article integrates theories of trust with literature on migrants’ social embeddedness in order to investigate the factors associated with having trust in the Swedish MA. To this end, original data from an online survey (N = 22.630) were examined. A stepwise logistic regression model was applied. As this article demonstrates for the first time, migrants’ experience of the MA’s institutional performance plays a major role in their trust in the MA. Moreover, respondents from countries with high perceived levels of government effectiveness also reported having more trust in the MA. Additionally, this article suggests that application group matters for migrants’ level of trust. The results show that asylum seekers have the lowest levels of trust compared to other application groups such as work permit and student visa. This article argues it is important to examine migrants’ trust in the MA because their view of this institution can influence their overall perception of their new host country.