bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem-based shared decision-making in diabetes care: a secondary analysis of video-recorded encounters
Authors: Ruissen Merel M , Montori Victor M , Hargraves Ian G , Branda Megan E , León García Montserrat , de Koning Eelco JP , Kunneman Marleen 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo describe the range of collaborative approaches to shared decision-making (SDM) observed in clinical encounters of patients with diabetes and their clinicians.DesignA secondary analysis of videorecordings obtained in a randomised trial comparing usual diabetes primary care with or without using a within-encounter conversation SDM tool.SettingUsing the purposeful SDM framework, we classified the forms of SDM observed in a random sample of 100 video-recorded clinical encounters of patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.Main outcome measuresWe assessed the correlation between the extent to which each form of SDM was used and patient involvement (OPTION12-scale).ResultsWe observed at least one instance of SDM in 86 of 100 encounters. In 31 (36%) of these 86 encounters, we found only one form of SDM, in 25 (29%) two forms, and in 30 (35%), we found ≥3 forms of SDM. In these encounters, 196 instances of SDM were identified, with weighing alternatives (n=64 of 196, 33%), negotiating conflicting desires (n=59, 30%) and problemsolving (n=70, 36%) being similarly prevalent and developing existential insight accounting for only 1% (n=3) of instances. Only the form of SDM focused on weighing alternatives was correlated with a higher OPTION12-score. More forms of SDM were used when medications were changed (2.4 SDM forms (SD 1.48) vs 1.8 (SD 1.46); p=0.050).ConclusionsAfter considering forms of SDM beyond weighing alternatives, SDM was present in most encounters. Clinicians and patients often used different forms of SDM within the same encounter. Recognising a range of SDM forms that clinicians and patients use to respond to problematic situations, as demonstrated in this study, opens new lines of research, education and practice that may advance patient-centred, evidence-based care.
Quality of care in the course of subcutaneous versus intravenous trastuzumab administration in patients with breast cancer: an integrated time–motion study with mixed-methods research
Authors: Lin Hsiang-Wen , Lin Chen-Yuan , Yeh Tzu-Pei , Lin Tien-Chao , Yeh Wan-Chen , Yang Lin-Chun , Chen Yu-Chieh , Chiu Li-Ying , Wu Chen-Teng , Chen Chih-Jung , Chen Yu-Fen , Wang Hwei-Chung , Wu Yao-Chung , Liu Liang-Chih 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the time required and concerns raised by various perspectives of participants regarding administering subcutaneous and intravenous trastuzumab for patients with breast cancer (BC).DesignThis observational time–motion study design with mixed-methods research (cross-sectional surveys and semistructured interviews) was conducted. The time spent on preparing or administering trastuzumab by different healthcare professionals (HCPs) was recorded. The data were analysed by descriptive/inferential statistical analyses, followed by thematic analyses.SettingOutpatient and inpatient administration units of a single medical centre in Taiwan.ParticipantsThe study included patients with early-stage BC who received subcutaneous or intravenous trastuzumab (n=93), and HCPs including two attending physicians, a nurse practitioner, two pharmacists and two nurses.ResultBased on the perspectives of patients and HCPs, the subcutaneous form of trastuzumab was more efficient, less expensive and produced less discomfort in outpatient units than inpatient units. More participants preferred the subcutaneous form over the intravenous form in both outpatient and inpatient units. Pharmacists and nurse practitioners spent threefold more time on patients when preparing and administering the intravenous form in both outpatient and inpatient units. The concerns raised by patients and HCPs varied in certain aspects, including the injection skills, speed, mental distress (eg, needle phobia) and pain associated with the subcutaneous form. Almost all patients preferred receiving the subcutaneous form in outpatient units after the initial COVID-19 outbreak.ConclusionPatients with early-stage BC preferred receiving subcutaneous trastuzumab in outpatient units rather than inpatient units or the intravenous form before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Such findings may serve as real-world evidence to facilitate better quality of care regarding administration of subcutaneous or intravenous trastuzumab in medical settings, and its feasible resolutions to balance the quality, concerns and efficiency of anticancer administration during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Barriers and facilitators of physical function, activity, sports and exercise in children and adolescents with spinal pain: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-ethnography
Authors: Tucker Susanna , Heneghan Nicola R , Alamrani Samia , Rushton Alison , Gardner Adrian , Soundy Andrew 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionSpinal pain is one of the leading causes of disability, with the incidence of adolescent back pain estimated at 20%. Multiple barriers influence exercise participation in adolescents. However, there remains a lack of literature surrounding patients’ choice to exercise, perceived barriers and facilitators of exercise, and their relationship to participant demographics. The aim of this systematic review with meta-ethnography will be to identify the barriers and facilitators of exercise participation among adolescents with thoracic or lower back pain (LBP). The secondary aim will be to identify any trends in barriers and facilitators of exercise between different demographic groups within children or adolescents under 18 years.Methods and analysisThe seven-phase process identified by Noblit and Hare’s meta-ethnography approach will be used. A comprehensive electronic search of databases (AMED, CINAHLplus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Nursing & Allied Health, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Social Science Database) will be completed during April 2022. Grey literature using reference lists, websites and search engines will also be searched in accordance with Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) guidelines. Inclusion criteria include: (A) qualitative studies, (B) participants under 18 years experiencing thoracic or LBP, (C) identification of barriers and facilitators of exercise participation in exercise, sports or physical activity and (D) primary research. This systematic review with meta-ethnography review aims to generate theories of behaviours and interpret significance across multiple studies. This process aims to develop future physiotherapeutic behavioural interventions, inform service provision and identify possible future research questions.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval was required due to the nature of using previously published work to form a systematic review paper. This systematic review and meta-ethnography will be disseminated through both conference presentations and journal publications. No funding was received for this review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022314796.
Do imaging findings modify the effect of non-surgical treatment in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis? A systematic literature review
Authors: Clausen Stine , Heerey Joshua , Hartvigsen Jan , Kemp Joanne L , Arnbak Bodil 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo review the available evidence on diagnostic imaging findings in knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) as treatment effect modifiers in non-surgical OA interventions.MethodsMEDLINE, Embase and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from the earliest records published to 22 March 2022. Studies in knee and hip OA reporting subgroup analyses in randomised controlled trials with imaging findings as potential treatment effect modifiers were included. Studies were critically appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool and a subgroup analysis quality assessment.ResultsOf 10 014 titles and abstracts screened, eight studies met the inclusion criteria, six on knee OA and two on hip OA. The studies investigated effect modifiers in exercise therapy, intra-articular injections and unloading shoes. Imaging findings assessed as potential treatment effect modifiers were radiographic OA severity, hip effusion (ultrasound), bone marrow lesions and meniscal pathology (MRI). Two studies fulfilled the methodological quality criteria for assessing effect modification. One reported that radiographic knee OA severity modified the effect of unloading shoes on walking pain. Those with more severe radiographic knee OA had a greater response to shoe inserts. One reported no interaction between radiographic OA severity or joint effusion and the effect of intraarticular injections of corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid in hip OA, indicating no difference in response in people with greater hip joint effusion or radiographic OA severity compared with those with less severe joint disease.ConclusionOverall, methodological limitations and very few studies do not permit conclusions on diagnostic imaging findings as effect modifiers in non-surgical interventions in knee and hip OA.Radiographic severity of knee OA potentially modifies the effect of unloading shoes.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020181934.
Lifelong mental health service use among 15–22 years old offenders: a document-based, mixed-methods descriptive study
Authors: Huikko Eeva , Aalto-Setälä Terhi , Santalahti Päivi , Lämsä Riikka , Ahlgrén-Rimpiläinen Aulikki 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesAmong young offenders, psychiatric morbidity and comorbidity are common, but our knowledge about their use of mental health services during childhood and adolescence is scarce. We aimed to describe the lifelong use of mental health services of young offenders who have committed serious crimes.Design and study settingUsing data on forensic psychiatric examinations of 42 Finnish offenders aged 15–22 years, we analysed the timing and typical patterns of their prior mental health service use with qualitative and quantitative content analysis and typification.ResultsYoung offenders appeared in this study as children with plenty of perinatal and developmental risks, and risks related to their family situation and peer relations. Most subjects were described as having had emotional or behavioural symptoms, or both, since childhood. Involvement in mental health services was rare before the age of 7 years but increased markedly after that, staying on the same level during adolescence. Five categories of mental health service users were identified: (1) continuing service use around a decade (14.3%), (2) one brief fixed treatment (11.9%), (3) involuntary use of services (31.0%), (4) evasive use of services (21.4%) and (5) no mental health service use (21.4%).ConclusionsYoung offenders had symptoms from early ages, but during childhood and adolescence, involvement in mental health services appeared for most as relatively short, repetitive or lacking. To help children at risk of criminal development, a multiprofessional approach, an early evidence-based intervention for behavioural symptoms and screening for learning problems, traumatic experiences and substance use are necessary. Results can help identify children and adolescents with a risk of criminal development, to develop mental health services and to plan further research.
Pathway map development for medical device event reporting in operating theatres: a human factors approach to improving the existing system
Authors: Tase Arkeliana , Micocci Massimo , Buckle Peter , Ni Melody , Hanna George 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop the actual pathway to reporting and information transfer in operating theatres in relation to medical technology malfunction/failure. This with the aim of understanding the differences with the pathway published by NHS Improvement and identification of points for improvement.DesignThis is a qualitative study involving stakeholder interviews with doctors, nurses, manufacturers, medical device safety officer and Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.SettingData were collected on reporting pathway used in operating theatres. Clinical staff who took part worked in different trusts throughout UK while manufacturers provided devices in UK and EU/USA.ParticipantsSemistructured interviews were completed with 15 clinicians and 13 manufacturers. Surveys were completed by 38 clinicians and 5 manufacturers. Recognised methods of pathway development were used. The Lean Six Sigma principles adapted to healthcare were used to develop suggestions for improvement.Main outcome measuresTo identify the differences between the set pathway to reporting and information transfer to what is occurring on a day-to-day basis as reported by staff. Identify points in the pathway where improvements could be applied.ResultsThe developed pathway demonstrated great complexity of the current reporting system for medical devices. It identified numerous areas that give rise to problems and multiple biases in decision making. This highlighted the core issues leading to under-reporting and lack of knowledge on device performance and patient risk. Suggestions for improvement were deduced based on end user requirements and identified problems.ConclusionsThis study has provided a detailed understanding of the key problem areas that exist within the current reporting system for medical devices and technology. The developed pathway sets to address the key problems to improve reporting outcomes. The identification of pathway differences between ‘work as done’ and ‘work as imagined’ can lead to development of quality improvements that could be systematically applied.
Development of a clot-adhesive coating to improve the performance of thrombectomy devices
Authors: Skarbek Charles , Anagnostakou Vania , Procopio Emanuele , Epshtein Mark , Raskett Christopher M , Romagnoli Romeo , Iviglia Giorgio , Morra Marco , Antonucci Marta , Nicoletti Antonino , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Gounis Matthew J 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundThe first-pass complete recanalization by mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for the treatment of stroke remains limited due to the poor integration of the clot within current devices. Aspiration can help retrieval of the main clot but fails to prevent secondary embolism in the distal arterial territory. The dense meshes of extracellular DNA, recently described in stroke-related clots, might serve as an anchoring platform for MT devices. We aimed to evaluate the potential of a DNA-reacting surface to aid the retention of both the main clot and small fragments within the thrombectomy device to improve the potential of MT procedures.MethodsDevice-suitable alloy samples were coated with 15 different compounds and put in contact with extracellular DNA or with human peripheral whole blood, to compare their binding to DNA versus blood elements in vitro. Clinical-grade MT devices were coated with two selected compounds and evaluated in functional bench tests to study clot retrieval efficacy and quantify distal emboli using an M1 occlusion model.ResultsBinding properties of samples coated with all compounds were increased for DNA (≈3-fold) and decreased (≈5-fold) for blood elements, as compared with the bare alloy samples in vitro. Functional testing showed that surface modification with DNA-binding compounds improved clot retrieval and significantly reduced distal emboli during experimental MT of large vessel occlusion in a three-dimensional model.ConclusionOur results suggest that clot retrieval devices coated with DNA-binding compounds can considerably improve the outcome of the MT procedures in stroke patients.
Access for Cancer Caregivers to Education and Support for Shared Decision Making (ACCESS) intervention: a cluster cross-over randomised clinical trial
Authors: Oliver Debra Parker , Washington Karla , Benson Jacquelyn , Kruse Robin L , Popejoy Lori , Liu Jingxia , Smith Jami , Pitzer Kyle , White Patrick , Demiris George 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to test an intervention named ACCESS (Access for Cancer Caregivers to Education and Support for Shared Decision Making). The intervention uses private Facebook support groups to support and educate caregivers, preparing them to participate in shared decision-making during web-based hospice care plan meetings. The overall hypothesis behind the study was that family caregivers of hospice patients with cancer would experience lower anxiety and depression as a result of participating in an online Facebook support group and shared decision-making with hospice staff in a web-based care plan meeting.MethodsThis is a cluster cross-over randomised three-arm clinical trial where one group participated in both the Facebook group and the care plan team meeting. A second group participated only in the Facebook group and the third group was a control group and received usual hospice care.ResultsThere were 489 family caregivers who participated in the trial. There were no statistically significant differences between the ACCESS intervention group and the Facebook only or the control group on any outcome. The participants in the Facebook only group, however, experienced a statistically significant decrease in depression compared with the enhanced usual care group.ConclusionsWhile the ACCESS intervention group did not experience significant improvement in outcomes, caregivers assigned to the Facebook only group showed significant improvement in depression scores from baseline as compared with the enhanced usual care control group. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action leading to reduced depression.
Increase of unmotivated and hardened smokers in Hong Kong: a repeated cross-sectional trend analysis
Authors: Zhao Sheng Zhi , Wu Yongda , Cheung Derek Yee Tak , Luk Tzu Tsun , Weng Xue , Tong Henry Sau Chai , Lai Vienna , Chan Sophia Siu Chee , Lam Tai Hing , Wang Man Ping 
Published: March 2023

Objectives
To examine the trends in the prevalence of hardening indicators and hardened smokers in Hong Kong, where the low smoking prevalence has plateaued in the recent decade.

Methods
This is an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data from 9 territory-wide smoking cessation campaigns conducted annually from 2009 to 2018 (except 2011). Participants were 9837 biochemically verified daily cigarette smokers aged ≥18 years (18.5% female, mean age 43.2±14.2 years) recruited from the communities. Hardening indicators included heavy smoking (>15 CPD), high nicotine dependence (Heaviness of Smoking Index ≥5), no intention to quit within next 30 days and no past-year quit attempt. Perceived importance, confidence and difficulty of quitting were measured (each ranged 0–10). Multivariable regressions were used to model the changes in hardening indicators by calendar year, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
From 2009 to 2018, the prevalence of heavy smoking decreased from 57.6% to 39.4% (p<0.001), high nicotine dependence also decreased from 10.5% to 8.6% (p=0.06). However, the proportion of smokers with no intention to quit (12.7%–69.0%) and no past-year quit attempt (74.4%–80.4%) significantly increased (both p values <0.001). Hardened smokers (heavy smoking, no intention to quit, no past-year attempt quit attempt) significantly increased from 5.9% to 20.7% (p<0.001). Mean perceived importance (from 7.9±2.3 to 6.6±2.5) and confidence (from 6.2±2.6 to 5.3±2.4) of quitting also decreased significantly (all p values <0.001).

Conclusions
Daily cigarette smokers in Hong Kong were motivational hardening, but not dependence hardening. Effective tobacco control policies and interventions are warranted to motivate quitting to further reduce smoking prevalence.
Of mice, ticks, and fleas: host behaviour and co-occurring parasites
Authors: Caron-Lévesque Merlin , Careau Vincent 
Published: March 2023

Host behaviour should be a key determinant of the acquisition of “sit-and-wait” and nidicolous ectoparasitic arthropods that ambush the host in their environment and/or nest. Here, we tested the association between parasitism and individual differences in exploratory and grooming behaviours in white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)), the primary host for the black-legged tick ( Ixodes scapularis Say, 1821) in its larval stage. During 4333 captures of 1035 individual mice over five summers (2016–2020) in Ontario, Canada, the probability and intensity of tick parasitism were both significantly higher when the mouse was also parasitized by fleas, suggesting co-occurrence of these two parasites on host mice. Distance moved by mice in a novel environment was negatively and positively affected by tick and flea parasitism, respectively. Interestingly, there was a significant “tick × flea” statistical interaction on distance moved, such that fleas were positively associated with activity/exploration only when ticks were absent. There was no relationship between grooming behaviour and parasite presence. This study suggests that co-occurring parasite species (ticks and fleas) may differentially affect their host's behaviour depending on the presence/absence of the other parasite on the host. Alternatively, host behaviour may differentially affect individual susceptibility to being infested with ticks, fleas, or both.
Three types of Landauer’s erasure principle: a microscopic view
Authors: Oriols Xavier , Nikolić Hrvoje 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn important step to incorporate information in the second law of thermodynamics was done by Landauer, showing that the erasure of information implies an increase in heat. Most attempts to justify Landauer’s erasure principle are based on thermodynamic argumentations. Here, using just the time-reversibility of classical microscopic laws, we identify three types of the Landauer’s erasure principle depending on the relation between the two final environments: the one linked to a logical input 1 and the other to logical input 0. The strong type (which is the original Landauer’s formulation) requires the final environments to be in thermal equilibrium. The intermediate type giving the entropy change of $$k_{\textrm{B}} \ln 2$$

k
B

ln
2

occurs when the two final environments are identical macroscopic states. Finally, the weak Landauer’s principle, providing information erasure with no entropy change, when the two final environments are macroscopically different. Even though the above results are formally valid for classical erasure gates, a discussion on their natural extension to quantum scenarios is presented. This paper strongly suggests that the original Landauer’s principle (based on the assumption of thermalized environments) is fully reasonable for microelectronics, but it becomes less reasonable for future few-atoms devices working at THz frequencies. Thus, the weak and intermediate Landauer’s principles, where the erasure of information is not necessarily linked to heat dissipation, are worth investigating.