bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive care unit admission is not necessary after venous sinus stenting
Authors: Iyer Ankitha M , Midtlien Jackson P , Kittel Carol , Fargen Kyle M 
Published: May 2023

Background
Venous sinus stenting (VSS) has emerged as a safe and effective treatment option for idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Many physicians routinely admit patients to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring, but little data exists on whether this is necessary.

Methods
Electronic medical records of consecutive patients who underwent VSS by the senior author from 2016 to 2022 at a single center were reviewed.

Results
214 patients were included. The mean (SD) age was 35.5 (11.6) and 196 (91.6%) patients were female. A total of 166 (77.6%) patients underwent transverse sinus stenting alone; 9 (4.2%) underwent superior sagittal sinus (SSS) stenting alone, 37 (17.3) concomitant transverse and SSS stenting, and 2 (0.9%) underwent stenting at alternate sites. All patients were planned admission to the regular ward (27.6%) or day hospital (72.4%). Twenty (9.3%) patients were discharged to home the same day as the procedure and 182 (85%) patients were discharged the following day. Major periprocedural complications were identified in 2 (0.93%) patients and minor complications were identified in 16 (7.4%). Only one patient with a subdural hematoma identified in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) had care escalated to the ICU. No severe complications were identified after the PACU stay. During the next 48 hours after discharge, 4 (1.9%) patients returned to any emergency room to be evaluated without requiring readmission.

Conclusion
Routine ICU admission following uncomplicated VSS is unnecessary. Overnight admission to a low-acuity ward, or even same-day discharge in select patients, appears to be a safe and cost-effective strategy.
A Novel Methodology for Welding Joint in Complex Structures: 2-Piece Coplanar Cruci-Trap Welded Joint
Authors: Patel Ashvin D. , Shah Pratik 
Published: May 2023

Due to continuously varying loads, Cruciform welded joints suffer fatigue. Limitations of the conventional 3-piece cruciform fillet welded joint (CFWJ), used to construct all present, metallic complex structures, are uprooted here. A broad literature survey and physical examination of many welded structures are carried out to find a research gap from the exploration available on CFWJ. How the use of this CFWJ is questionable for suitability and prone to structural failure is shown. To overcome the limitations of CFWJ, a novel 2-piece coplanar Cruci-Trap Welded Joint (CTWJ) is developed especially for complex welded structures subjected to a fluctuating loading. A novel groove shape is formed in base metal. CTWJ increases the overall load-carrying capacity of the structure in all nature. This paper also points to the possibility of fatigue failure of cruciform welded joints and the various methods for fatigue life assessment of welded structures. As a result, the proposed novel CTWJ promotes 28.5% more ultimate tensile strength and 25.5% more elongation than the conventional CFWJ method.
Hepatitis B Virus Immunity Gap: A Six-Year Laboratory Data Review of Hepatitis B Serological Profiles in Gauteng Province, South Africa
Authors: Mbenenge Nonhlanhla , Subramoney Kathleen , Gascua Adu-Gyamfi Clement , Treurnicht Florette K. 
Published: May 2023

Background. In 1995, the hepatitis B vaccine in South Africa was incorporated into the childhood expanded programme of immunization. We report on immunity gaps of laboratory-based hepatitis B virus (HBV) among patients in public facilities in Gauteng Province from 1st January 2014 to 31st December 2019. Methodology. We analyzed HBV serological data extracted from the National Health Laboratory Services Central Data Warehouse (NHLS CDW). A descriptive analysis was performed for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV core (anti-HBc) total, anti-HBc IgM, and antibodies to HBV surface antigen (anti-HBs) according to annual distribution, age groups, and sex. Results. The HBsAg positivity rate was 7.0% (75,596/1,095,561;

p
=
0.001

): 7.4% (96,532/944,077) in the 25 years and over age group and 4.0% (358/9,268 and 325/10,864) in the under 5 and 13–24 year age groups. The positivity rates of the other HBV serological markers were as follows: anti-HBc total was 37.0% (34,377/93,711;

p

<

0.001

), anti-HBc IgM was 2.4% (5,661/239,237;

p
=
0.05

), and anti-HBs was 37.0% (76,302/206,138;

p
≤
0.001

). Naturally acquired HBV immunity was detected in 25.7% (11,188/43,536) of patients in the 25 years and over age group, and 9.7% and 8.2% (113/1,158 and 541/6,522) among those under 5 years and 13–24 year age group, respectively (

p

<

0.001

). Vaccine-induced immunity was 56.6% (656/1,158) in children under 5 years and 10.2% (4,425/43,536) among those 25 years and above (

p

<

0.001

). Fifty-six percent (29,404/52,581) of patients were HBV seronegative; predominantly among patients in the 13–24 year age group (60.6%; (3,952/6,522)) and 25 years and over (56.3% (24,524/43,536)) (

p
=
<
0.001

). Conclusion. The HBV infection seroprevalence remains high in South Africa, with Gauteng province having high intermediate endemicity. However, the HBV immunity gap has shifted from younger children to older children and adults.
Ccr2+ Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Influence Trajectories of Acquired Therapy Resistance in Braf-Mutant Melanoma
Authors: Kim Dahihm , An Luye , Moon Jiwon , Maymi Viviana I. , McGurk Alexander I. , Rudd Brian D. , Fowell Deborah J. , White Andrew C. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Therapies targeting oncogene addiction have had a tremendous impact on tumor growth and patient outcome, but drug resistance continues to be problematic. One approach to deal with the challenge of resistance entails extending anticancer treatments beyond targeting cancer cells by additionally altering the tumor microenvironment. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment contributes to the evolution of diverse resistance pathways could aid in the design of sequential treatments that can elicit and take advantage of a predictable resistance trajectory. Tumor-associated macrophages often support neoplastic growth and are frequently the most abundant immune cell found in tumors. Here, we used clinically relevant in vivo Braf-mutant melanoma models with fluorescent markers to track the stage-specific changes in macrophages under targeted therapy with Braf/Mek inhibitors and assessed the dynamic evolution of the macrophage population generated by therapy pressure-induced stress. During the onset of a drug-tolerant persister state, Ccr2+ monocyte-derived macrophage infiltration rose, suggesting that macrophage influx at this point could facilitate the onset of stable drug resistance that melanoma cells show after several weeks of treatment. Comparison of melanomas that develop in a Ccr2-proficient or -deficient microenvironment demonstrated that lack of melanoma infiltrating Ccr2+ macrophages delayed onset of resistance and shifted melanoma cell evolution towards unstable resistance. Unstable resistance was characterized by sensitivity to targeted therapy when factors from the microenvironment were lost. Importantly, this phenotype was reversed by coculturing melanoma cells with Ccr2+ macrophages. Overall, this study demonstrates that the development of resistance may be directed by altering the tumor microenvironment to improve treatment timing and the probability of relapse.

Significance:
Ccr2+ melanoma macrophages that are active in tumors during the drug-tolerant persister state following targeted therapy-induced regression are key contributors directing melanoma cell reprogramming toward specific therapeutic resistance trajectories.
Recent Mortality Patterns and Time Trends for the Major Cancers in 47 Countries Worldwide
Authors: Sedeta Ephrem , Sung Hyuna , Laversanne Mathieu , Bray Freddie , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground:Most prior studies have reported cancer mortality trends across countries for specific cancer types. Herein, we examine recent patterns and trends in cancer mortality rates for the eight common forms of cancer in 47 countries across five continents (except Africa) based on the World Health Organization mortality database.Methods:Rates were age-standardized to the 1966 Segi-Doll world population, and trends in the age-standardized rates for the most recent 10 years of data were examined using Joinpoint regression.Results:Cancer-specific mortality rates vary substantially across countries, with rates of infection-related (cervix and stomach) and tobacco-related cancers (lung and esophagus) varying by 10-fold. Recent mortality rates for all major cancers decreased in most of the studied countries except lung cancer in females and liver cancer in males, where increasing rates were observed in most countries. Rates decreased or stabilized in all countries for lung cancer in men and stomach cancer in both sexes.Conclusions:The findings reinforce the importance of implementing and strengthening resource-stratified and targeted cancer prevention and control programs in all parts of the world to further reduce or halt the rising cancer burden.Impact:The results may inform cancer prevention and treatment strategies and in so doing, reduce the marked global cancer disparities observed today.
Análise da temperatura de superfície terrestre e variáveis biofísicas em domínios de vegetação do Brasil
Authors: Silva Lucas Augusto Pereira da , Rocha Andre Medeiros , Souza Cristiano Marcelo Pereira de , Leite Marcos Esdras 
Published: May 2023

Os domínios de Vegetação são fundamentais para controle térmico e redistribuição de calor e umidade para o Brasil. Entretanto, a conversão da vegetação natural para sistemas antrópicos pode alterar essa dinâmica. O objetivo foi avaliar o padrão da temperatura de superfície terrestre e de variaveis biofísicas nos domínios de vegetação do Brasil nos anos de 2004 e 2016. Dados de sensoriamento remoto foram empregados para obter a temperatura de superfície e as variáveis biofísicas, a saber, índice de vegetação, evapotranspiração, precipitação e déficit hídrico. Comparando os anos de 2004 e 2016, a temperatura aumentou 1,04 ºC; com maior média no domínio de vegetação de Savanas (31,98 e 33,12 ºC para 2004 e 2016), seguida das Áreas de Tensão Ecológica (29,69 e 30,85 ºC, em 2004 e 2016), enquanto as menores médias ocorreram nas Florestas (27,46 e 28,38 ºC, para 2004 e 2016). Na dinâmica temporal (entre 2004 e 2016), observou-se que a ΔTST (mudança da temperatura de superfície terrestre) média para as Savanas foi 1,14 ºC, 0,92 ºC nas Florestas e 1,16 ºC nas Áreas de Tensão Ecológica. Portanto, as Savanas e ATE apresentaram menor capacidade de atenuar o efeito do aumento da temperatura de superfície. As variáveis biofísicas mostram correlação negativa com Temperatura de Superfície Terrestre em todos os domínios de vegetação. Em geral, o aumento da temperatura nos domínios de vegetação brasileiros indica os efeitos das perturbações antrópicas na dinâmica climática.
Sexual Minority Status Disparities in Life's Essential 8 and Life's Simple 7 Cardiovascular Health Scores: A French Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Deraz Omar , Caceres Billy , Streed Carl G. , Beach Lauren B. , Jouven Xavier , Touvier Mathilde , Goldberg Marcel , Zins Marie , Empana Jean‐Philippe 
Published: May 2023

Background
A higher burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors has been reported in sexual minority populations. Primordial prevention may therefore be a relevant preventative strategy. The study's objectives are to estimate the associations of Life's Essential 8 (LE8) and Life's Simple 7 (LS7) cardiovascular health scores with sexual minority status.

Methods and Results
The CONSTANCES is a nationwide French epidemiological cohort study that recruited randomly selected participants older than 18 years in 21 cities. Sexual minority status was based on self‐reported lifetime sexual behavior and categorized as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or heterosexual. The LE8 score includes nicotine exposure, diet, physical activity, body mass index, sleep health, blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipids. The previous LS7 score included 7 metrics without sleep health. The study included 169 434 cardiovascular disease–free adults (53.64% women; mean age, 45.99 years). Among 90 879 women, 555 were lesbian, 3149 were bisexual, and 84 363 were heterosexual. Among 78 555 men, 2421 were gay, 2748 were bisexual, and 70 994 were heterosexual. Overall, 2812 women and 2392 men declined to answer. In multivariable mixed effects linear regression models, lesbian (β=−0.95 [95% CI, −1.89 to −0.02]) and bisexual (β=−0.78 [95% CI, −1.18 to −0.38]) women had a lower LE8 cardiovascular health score compared with heterosexual women. Conversely, gay (β=2.72 [95% CI, 2.25–3.19]) and bisexual (β=0.83 [95% CI, 0.39–1.27]) men had a higher LE8 cardiovascular health score compared with heterosexual men. The findings were consistent, although of smaller magnitudes for the LS7 score.

Conclusions
Cardiovascular health disparities exist in sexual minority adults, particularly lesbian and bisexual women, who may represent a priority population for primordial cardiovascular disease prevention.
Potential Impact of the Pan-African Great Green Wall on Sahelian Summer Precipitation: A Global Modeling Approach with MPAS
Authors: Smiatek Gerhard , Kunstmann Harald 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The pan-African Great Green Wall for the Sahara and the Sahel initiative (GGW) is a reforestation program to reverse the degradation of land. We investigate characteristics of mean precipitation due to proposed land-use changes to woody savannah with three hypothetical courses of the GGW, with an area between 0.8 and 1.25 million km2, and between the 100- and 400-mm isohyets. The global Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) was applied for this investigation, employing ensembles with 40 members for the rainy season from June to September and 50 members for August when precipitation is at its peak. In comparison with the observational reference, the results show that a wet bias on the order of 33% in the eastern Sahel and a moderate dry bias of −41% in the western Sahel are present in the MPAS simulations. Our simulations do not provide any significant evidence for GGW-induced changes in the characteristics of the summer precipitation, for positive changes within the Sahel supporting the forestation activities, or for potentially adverse changes in the neighboring regions. Changes are present at the regional scale, but they are not significant at the 5% level. Also, changes simulated for further hydrometeorological variables such as temperature, radiation fluxes, or runoff are comparatively small.
A Novel Strategy to Manage Below-Knee-Amputation (BKA) Stump Complications for Early Wound Healing and BKA Salvage
Authors: Balan Naveen , Qi Xin , Keeley Jessica , Neville Angela 
Published: May 2023

Introduction The optimal management of major stump complications (operative infection or dehiscence) following below-knee-amputation (BKA) is unknown. We evaluated a novel operative strategy to aggressively treat major stump complications hypothesizing it would improve our rate of BKA salvage. Methods Retrospective review of patients requiring operative intervention for BKA stump complications between 2015 and 2021. A novel strategy employing staged operative debridement for source control, negative pressure wound therapy, and reformalization was compared to standard care (less structured operative source control or above knee amputation). Results 32 patients were studied, 29 of which were male (90.6%) with an average age of 56.1 ± 9.6 y. 30 (93.8%) had diabetes and 11 (34.4%) peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The novel strategy was used in 13 patients and 19 had standard care. Novel strategy patients had higher BKA salvage rates, 100% vs 73.7% ( P = .064), and postoperative ambulatory status, 84.6% vs 57.9% ( P = .141). Importantly, none of the patients undergoing the novel therapy had PAD, while all progressing to above-knee amputation (AKA) did. To better assess the efficacy of the novel technique, patients progressing to AKA were excluded. Patients undergoing novel therapy who had their BKA level salvaged (n = 13) were compared to usual care (n = 14). The novel therapy’s time to prosthetic referral was 72.8 ± 53.7 days vs 247 ± 121.6 days ( P < .001), but they did undergo more operations (4.3 ± 2.0 vs 1.9 ± 1.1, P < .001). Conclusion Utilization of a novel operative strategy for BKA stump complications is effective in salvaging BKAs, particularly for patients without PAD.
Measurement of cholesterol levels of lipoprotein subclasses in human serum using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography with a linear concentration gradient of sodium perchlorate
Authors: Ito Riku , Manita Daisuke , Yanai Hidekatsu , Hirowatari Yuji 
Published: May 2023

Background Relationships between the subclasses of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have been studied, and using various methods, such as ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, and nuclear magnetic resonance, for analysing lipoprotein subclasses. We established a method for HDL and LDL subclasses using anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (AEX-HPLC) with a linear concentration gradient of sodium perchlorate (NaClO4). Method In the AEX-HPLC, the subclasses of HDL and LDL were separated, and detected using a post-column reactor with an enzymatic cholesterol reagent, that contained cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and peroxidase as major ingredients. LDL subclasses were divided based on the absolute value of first-derivative chromatogram. Result Three HDL subclasses, HDL-P1, HDL-P2, and HDL-P3, and three LDL subclasses, LDL-P1, LDL-P2, and LDL-P3, were separated by AEX-HPLC, and detected in order. The major components of HDL-P2 and HDL-P3 were HDL3 and HDL2, respectively. The linearity was determined for each lipoprotein subclass. The coefficients of variation of cholesterol concentration of the subclasses for within-day assay ( n = 10) and between-day assay ( n = 10) ranged between 3.08–8.94% and 4.52–9.97%, respectively. Cholesterol levels in HDL-P1 of diabetic patients were positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels (r = 0.409, p = 0.002). Moreover, cholesterol levels in LDL-P2 and LDL-P3 were positively correlated with oxidized LDL levels (r = 0.393, p = 0.004 and r = 0.561, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion AEX-HPLC may be highly suitable as an assay to clinically assess lipoprotein subclasses.
Characteristics of clinical-pharmacological recommendations in psychiatry in Germany
Authors: Schröder Sebastian , Schulze Westhoff Martin , Pfister Tabea , Bleich Stefan , Wedegärtner Felix , Krüger Tillmann HC , Heck Johannes , Groh Adrian 
Published: May 2023

Objective Psychiatric patients in general, and elderly psychiatric patients in particular, are at risk of adverse drug reactions due to comorbidities and inappropriate polypharmacy. Interdisciplinary and clinical-pharmacologist-led medication reviews may contribute to medication safety in the field of psychiatry. In this study, we reported the frequency and characteristics of clinical-pharmacological recommendations in psychiatry, with a particular focus on geriatric psychiatry. Method A clinical pharmacologist, in collaboration with the attending psychiatrists and a consulting neurologist, conducted interdisciplinary medication reviews in a general psychiatric ward with a geropsychiatric focus at a university hospital over a 25-week period. All clinical and pharmacological recommendations were recorded and evaluated. Results A total of 316 recommendations were made during 374 medication reviews. Indications/contraindications of drugs were the most frequently discussed topics (59/316; 18.7 %), followed by dose reductions (37/316; 11.7 %), and temporary or permanent discontinuation of medications (36/316; 11.4 %). The most frequent recommendations for dose reduction involvedbenzodiazepines (9/37; 24.3 %). An unclear or absent indication was the most common reason for recommending temporary or permanent discontinuation of the medication (6/36; 16.7 %). Conclusion Interdisciplinary clinical pharmacologist-led medication reviews represented a valuable contribution to medication management in psychiatric patients, particularly the elderly ones.
Internet Addiction and Its Association with Demographic Variables, Depression, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-being in College Students
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Goel Kapil , Mehra Aseem 
Published: May 2023

Background Internet is an integral part of the daily life of everyone. Internet addiction (IA) is one of the major concerns, specifically among young adults. The association between IA, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being (PWB) is least studied in young adults. Purpose To evaluate IA and its association with psychological morbidity and PWB in a larger sample size. In addition, to examine the factors that are associated with IA. Methods A total of 1287 young students were evaluated in the present study. Participants were evaluated on the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Psychological Well-Being Index-22. Results The mean age of the study’s participants is 19.5 years. The majority were female (68.9%), from nuclear families (61.8%), and belonged to urban localities (61.5%). On IAT, 15.9% had a presence of IA with a cut-off score of 50. 27.4% and 20.5% had a presence of depression and anxiety with a cut-off score of 10 on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, respectively. Approximately two-thirds (66.7%) reported poor PWB. IA had a significant positive association with depression and anxiety and a negative association with PWB. Male students, the presence of depression, anxiety, and poor PWB were independent factors associated with IA. Conclusion Internet addiction is highly prevalent among college students and has a significant association with anxiety, depression, and poor PWB. There is a need to develop a structured plan, educational strategy, and program to minimize IA in young adults.