bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intermittent Cytomegalovirus Infection Alters Neurobiological Metabolism and Induces Cognitive Deficits in Mice
Authors: Harrison Mark A.A. , Morris Sara L. , Rudman Grace A. , Rittenhouse Daniel J. , Monk Chandler H. , Sakamuri Siva SVP , Jones MaryJane J. , Hasan Md Mehedi , Khatun Mst Shamima , Wang Hanyun , Garfinkel Lucas P. , Norton Elizabeth B. , Steele Chad , Kim Sangku , Kolls Jay K. , Jazwinski S. Michal , Mostany Ricardo , Katakam Prasad VG , Engler-Chiurazzi Elizabeth B. , Zwezdaryk Kevin J. 
Published: December 2022

SUMMARYRisk factors contributing to dementia are multifactorial. Pathogens as risk factors for dementia is largely correlative with few causal relationships. Here, we demonstrate that intermittent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in mice, mimicking human chronic infection and reactivation/reinfection events, alters blood brain barrier (BBB) metabolic pathways. An increase in basal mitochondrial function is observed in brain microvasculature endothelial cells (BMEC) at 12 months post infection but not at earlier time points and is accompanied by elevated levels of superoxide, indicative of oxidative stress. Further, these mice score lower in cognitive assays as compared to age-matched controls. Our data show that repeated systemic infection with CMV, alters BBB metabolic function and impacts cognition. These observations provide mechanistic insights through which pathogens contribute to the progression of pathologies associated with dementia.In BriefMechanistic evidence supporting an infectious etiology of dementia (e.g. Alzheimer’s Disease) are poorly defined. Harrison et al., show that intermittent infection with cytomegalovirus metabolically rewires the blood brain barrier and neighboring glial cells altering their function, resulting in decreased cognitive function.
A pathogen effector FOLD diversified in symbiotic fungi
Authors: Teulet Albin , Quan Clement , Evangelisti Edouard , Wanke Alan , Yang Weibing , Schornack Sebastian 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPathogenic fungi use secreted effector proteins to suppress immunity and support their infection, but effectors have also been reported from fungi that engage in nutritional symbioses with plants. Sequence based effector comparisons between pathogens and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are hampered by the huge diversity of effector sequences even within closely related microbes.Here we used a systematic protein structure modelling approach to classify the secretome of the AM fungusRhizophagus irregularis. We identified secreted proteins with high structural similarity toFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersicidual domain (FOLD) effectors, which occur in low numbers in fungal pathogen genomes. Contrastingly, genes encoding FOLD proteins from AM fungi (MycFOLDs) are found in enlarged and diversified gene families.Our structure-model comparison suggests that MycFOLDs are similar to carbohydrate binding motifs. Different MycFOLD genes are expressed during colonisation of different hosts andMycFOLD-17transcripts accumulate in plant intracellular arbuscules.The exclusive presence of MycFOLDs across unrelated plant-colonising fungi, their inducible expression, lineage specific sequence diversification, and transcripts in arbuscules support the hypothesis that FOLD proteins act as effectors during plant colonisation by symbiotic and pathogenic fungi.
Wings of Change: aPKC/FoxP-dependent plasticity in steering motor neurons underlies operant selflearning inDrosophila
Authors: Ehweiner Andreas , Duch Carsten , Brembs Björn 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundMotor learning is central to human existence, such as learning to speak or walk, sports moves, or rehabilitation after injury. Evidence suggests that all forms of motor learning share an evolutionarily conserved molecular plasticity pathway. Here, we present novel insights into the neural processes underlying operant self-learning, a form of motor learning in the fruit flyDrosophila.MethodsWe operantly trained wild type and transgenicDrosophilafruit flies, tethered at the torque meter, in a motor learning task that required them to initiate and maintain turning maneuvers around their vertical body axis (yaw torque). We combined this behavioral experiment with transgenic peptide expression, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated, spatio-temporally controlled gene knock-out and confocal microscopy.ResultsWe find that expression of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) in direct wing steering motoneurons co-expressing the transcription factorFoxPis necessary for this type of motor learning and that aPKC likely acts via non-canonical pathways. We also found that it takes more than a week for CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout ofFoxPin adult animals to impair motor learning, suggesting that adultFoxPexpression is required for operant self-learning.ConclusionsOur experiments suggest that, for operant self-learning, a type of motor learning inDrosophila, co-expression of atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and the transcription factorFoxPis necessary in direct wing steering motoneurons. Some of these neurons control the wing beat amplitude when generating optomotor responses, and we have discovered modulation of optomotor behavior after operant self-learning. We also discovered that aPKC likely acts via non-canonical pathways and thatFoxPexpression is also required in adult flies.
Direct neural perturbations reveal a dynamical mechanism for robust computation
Authors: O’Shea Daniel J. , Duncker Lea , Goo Werapong , Sun Xulu , Vyas Saurabh , Trautmann Eric M. , Diester Ilka , Ramakrishnan Charu , Deisseroth Karl , Sahani Maneesh , Shenoy Krishna V. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe rich repertoire of skilled mammalian behavior is the product of neural circuits that generate robust and flexible patterns of activity distributed across populations of neurons. Decades of associative studies have linked many behaviors to specific patterns of population activity, but association alone cannot reveal the dynamical mechanisms that shape those patterns. Are local neural circuits high-dimensional dynamical reservoirs able to generate arbitrary superpositions of patterns with appropriate excitation? Or might circuit dynamics be shaped in response to behavioral context so as to generate only the low-dimensional patterns needed for the task at hand? Here, we address these questions within primate motor cortex by delivering optogenetic and electrical microstimulation perturbations during reaching behavior. We develop a novel analytic approach that relates measured activity to theoretically tractable, dynamical models of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. This computational model captures the dynamical effects of these perturbations and demonstrates that motor cortical activity during reaching is shaped by a self-contained, low-dimensional dynamical system. The subspace containing task-relevant dynamics proves to be oriented so as to be robust to strong non-normal amplification within cortical circuits. This task dynamics space exhibits a privileged causal relationship with behavior, in that stimulation in motor cortex perturb reach kinematics only to the extent that it alters neural states within this subspace. Our results resolve long-standing questions about the dynamical structure of cortical activity associated with movement, and illuminate the dynamical perturbation experiments needed to understand how neural circuits throughout the brain generate complex behavior.
Pediatric health system impact of an early respiratory viral season in Eastern Ontario, Canada: A descriptive analysis
Authors: Thampi Nisha , Meng Lynn , Bruce Liam , McLean Connor , Buba Melanie , Bisnaire Lise , Farion Ken J. , Samson Lindy M. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractBackgroundThe current respiratory viral season in Ontario started early with an intensity experienced throughout the pediatric health system. We sought to examine trends in patient volumes and level of care intensity among children admitted with laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection over the last five years in Ottawa.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of patients at CHEO, a pediatric health centre in Ottawa, who were diagnosed with a laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection in the first 72 hours of admission between October 22, 2017 and December 10, 2022. Their admissions were stratified by age groups and levels of care intensity and evaluated for trends over six surveillance periods that begin in Week 35 and end in Week 34 of the following calendar year.ResultsDuring this current surveillance period, there was an early, rapid, two-fold increase in admissions due to respiratory viral infections compared to previous periods, driven largely by RSV and influenza. While there were similar age distributions, there was a larger volume of Level 2 and 3 admissions, and higher proportion of patients requiring Level 2 intensity of care (20.8% versus 2.2% to 12.0% in pre-pandemic years; p<0.001). Lengths of stay were comparable to pre-pandemic surveillance years.InterpretationThe current viral season has been associated with elevated volumes and higher inpatient acuity compared to previous years and underscores the need for additional operational and human health resources to support pediatric health systems.
CT-based imaging metrics for identification of radiation-induced lung damage
Authors: Lee Joonsang , Benveniste Marcelo , Odisio Erika G. , Court Laurence E. , Lin Steven H. 
Published: December 2022

AbstractPurposeThis study investigates the feasibility of radiomics for identifying textural changes of radiation-induced lung damage (RILD) after chemoradiotherapy.MethodsThe severity of RILD on each CT scan was graded on a scale from 0 (similar to the baseline CT scan) to 5 (lung fibrosis). The delineation of abnormal areas inside the lung on CT images was performed semi-automatically using a median filter. We extracted a total of 138 quantitative image features from this delineated region of interest and ran a random forest algorithm as a classifier for identifying the severity of RILD. After training and testing the model, we validated the model using a separate dataset.ResultsThe classification accuracies for identifying grade 0 from grades 1 ∼ 5 were 70% for the test dataset and 85% for the validation dataset; for identifying grade 1 from grades 2∼5, 90% for the test dataset and 95% for the validation dataset; and for identifying grade 5 from grades 2∼4, 80% for the test dataset and 85% for the validation dataset.ConclusionsOur preliminary study shows that the classification accuracy was robust, the model was most useful for distinguishing grade 1 from other grades, and the results demonstrated the feasibility of radiomics for identifying the severity of lung damage after chemoradiotherapy. This approach could be a potential tool for helping diagnostic radiologists identify RILD and its severity on CT images.
Maturity models in SSCM: a systematic review aimed at consolidating models and outlining possibilities for future research
Authors: Pavan Raquel Ottoboni , Ferreira Marco Antonio , Stefanelli Nelson Oliveira , Leal Gislaine Camila Lapasini 
Published: December 2022

PurposeThis research analyzes the current knowledge regarding the use of maturity models (MMs) in SSCM, aiming to identify the main characteristics, trends and research gaps on the subject. Facing the growing interest in carrying out studies directed at sustainability, to the detriment of more prescient environmental and social impacts and the need to consolidate the concepts present in the literature regarding the SSCM, an absence of similar studies in the current literature was found. The authors have selected articles to compose a database that allows users to analyze and classify publications on MMs in SSCM, being those subdivided into 7 categories: focus, methodology, analyzed sector, sustainable practices, dimensions of sustainable development, type of MM and model/framework validation method.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this purpose, a literature systematization was conducted by searching publications using defined keywords in two databases and following a process of classification. The systematic process has five steps, from the selection of databases to the filtering of publications, review of information and analysis of the sample.FindingsThe topic under study is promising, with a few publications dealing with it, mainly in Brazil, and there is a trend to exploit more of the area in future research.Originality/valueThis research provides a detailed analysis of an emerging theme, divided into seven thematic categories. Results demonstrate that the topic is still underexplored, indicating an important research gap to be filled.
Understanding the fundamental economics of AI
Authors: Leavy Brian 
Published: December 2022

Purpose
Despite the hype about transformative technology, the authors of “Power and Prediction: The Disruptive Economics of Artificial Intelligence” see the recent AI advances as all basically ‘better statistical techniques’ that allow us to take really big data sets and come up with more refined predictions.

Design/Methodology/Approach
University of Toronto experts, Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans and Avi Goldfarb explain why transformation of business model by AI will be some time in the future when we move beyond simply substituting the new technology into existing systems and start to leverage its potential to enable the reimagining of old system solutions and innovate radically new value propositions.

Findings
What economic history tells us is that technology-driven transformation does not come easy and real adoption only occurs when new systems are created.

Practical Implications
As there are likely many decisions in your organization that have been codified into rules, AI offers the potential to turn them to dynamic decisions.

Originality/Value
To realize the full potential of AI, companies need to adopt a “system mind-set,” in contrast to the “task-level thinking” that still predominates in most companies.
Behavioural responses of a large, heat‐sensitive mammal to climatic variation at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Verzuh Tana L. , Rogers Savannah A. , Mathewson Paul D. , May Alex , Porter Warren P. , Class Corey , Knox Lee , Cufaude Teal , Hall L. Embere , Long Ryan A. , Monteith Kevin L. 
Published: December 2022

Abstract

Climate warming creates energetic challenges for endothermic species by increasing metabolic and hydric costs of thermoregulation. Although endotherms can invoke an array of behavioural and physiological strategies for maintaining homeostasis, the relative effectiveness of those strategies in a climate that is becoming both warmer and drier is not well understood.

In accordance with the heat dissipation limit theory which suggests that allocation of energy to growth and reproduction by endotherms is constrained by the ability to dissipate heat, we expected that patterns of habitat use by large, heat‐sensitive mammals across multiple scales are critical for behavioural thermoregulation during periods of potential heat stress and that they must invest a large portion of time to maintain heat balance.

To test our predictions, we evaluated mechanisms underpinning the effectiveness of bed sites for ameliorating daytime heat loads and potential heat stress across the landscape while accounting for other factors known to affect behaviour. We integrated detailed data on microclimate and animal attributes of moose Alces alces, into a biophysical model to quantify costs of thermoregulation at fine and coarse spatial scales.

During summer, moose spent an average of 67.8% of daylight hours bedded, and selected bed sites and home ranges that reduced risk of experiencing heat stress. For most of the day, shade could effectively mitigate the risk of experiencing heat stress up to 10°C, but at warmer temperatures (up to 20°C) wet soil was necessary to maintain homeostasis via conductive heat loss. Consistent selection across spatial scales for locations that reduced heat load underscores the importance of the thermal environment as a driver of behaviour in this heat‐sensitive mammal.

Moose in North America have long been characterized as riparian‐obligate species because of their dependence on woody plant species for food. Nevertheless, the importance of dissipating endogenous heat loads conductively through wet soil suggests riparian habitats also are critical thermal refuges for moose. Such refuges may be especially important in the face of a warming climate in which both high environmental temperatures and drier conditions will likely exacerbate limits to heat dissipation, especially for large, heat‐sensitive animals.
Abundance and diversity of eukaryotic rather than bacterial community relate closely to the trophic level of urban lakes
Authors: Wan Wenjie , Gadd Geoffrey Michael , He Donglan , Liu Wenzhi , Xiong Xiang , Ye Luping , Cheng Yarui , Yang Yuyi 
Published: December 2022

AbstractScientific understanding of biotic effects on the water trophic level is lacking for urban lakes during algal bloom development stage. Based on the Illumina MiSeq sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and multiple statistical analyses, we estimated distribution patterns and ecological roles of planktonic bacteria and eukaryotes in urban lakes during algal bloom development stage (i.e., April, May, and June). Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta mainly dominated algal blooms. Bacteria exhibited significantly higher absolute abundance and community diversity than eukaryotes, whereas abundance and diversity of eukaryotic rather than bacterial community relate closely to the water trophic level. Multinutrient cycling (MNC) index was significantly correlated with eukaryotic diversity rather than bacterial diversity. Stronger species replacement, broader environmental breadth, and stronger phylogenetic signal were found for eukaryotic community than for bacterial community. In contrast, bacterial community displayed stronger community stability and environmental constraint than eukaryotic community. Stochastic and differentiating processes contributed more to community assemblies of bacteria and eukaryotes. Our results emphasized that a strong linkage between planktonic diversity and MNC ensured a close relationship between planktonic diversity and the water trophic level of urban lakes. Our findings could be useful to guide the formulation and implementation of environmental lake protection measures.
Disrupting Management Research? Critical Reflections on British Journal of Management COVID‐19 Research and an Agenda for the Future
Authors: Brammer Stephen , Branicki Layla , Linnenluecke Martina 
Published: December 2022

AbstractResearch interest in extreme contexts was growing before the COVID‐19 pandemic and has intensified since. The climate crisis, significant geo‐political conflict, political polarization and upheaval, and economic/financial crises that present existential challenges to organizations have all contributed to rising interest in extreme‐context research. COVID‐19 itself has generated an enormous body of research across all sub‐fields of management. However, the substantive, methodological and conceptual implications of this large volume of research remain unclear. In this introduction to the British Journal of Management COVID‐19 Online Virtual Issue, we describe and analyse COVID‐19 research so far published in the British Journal of Management. The Journal was proactive in seeing the profound implications of COVID‐19 for management research and practice, issuing an early call for contributions, and publishing several exploratory commentaries as early as July 2020. In this paper, we situate COVID‐19 research within the broader extreme‐context research, analyse contributions made so far, and build upon an extended taxonomy of extreme contexts to suggest ways for future research to generate further impactful insights.
Conjuring spirits: melancholic play and refusal among alcohol‐drinking Lisu men on the China‐Myanmar border
Authors: Lau Ting Hui 
Published: December 2022

AbstractAmong the ethnic minority Lisu in the Nu River Valley on the China‐Myanmar border, Christian missionization and Chinese development have led to cultural loss by paradoxically erasing and reifying Lisu cultural practices. Responding to loss, non‐Christian Lisu men gather regularly to drink alcohol, a practice denigrated by state and Christian discourses. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic fieldwork, this article argues that alcohol drinking is a form of melancholic play – a mode through which non‐Christian Lisu men objectify and refuse cultural loss. Revising conventional understandings of melancholia, in which people are said to be haunted by loss, I analyse how the men exert a haunting force through melancholic play. Incorporating forgotten rituals and summoning abandoned spirits, they reverse hegemonic hierarchies, reshape communal boundaries, and remember lost lifeworlds. By illuminating how melancholia constitutes an active refusal of loss rather than a pathological return of the repressed, this article contributes to understanding how people transform loss into social creativity, agency, and political action.
The effect of barley to wheat ratio in malt blends on protein composition and physicochemical characteristics of wort and beer
Authors: Li Xiu , Yang Junhua , Xie Lan , Jin Yuhong , Liu Junhan , Xing Wenjiao 
Published: December 2022

AbstractThe present work explored the effect of barley to wheat ratio in malt blends on protein composition and physicochemical characteristics of wort and beer. Results illustrated that the addition of wheat malt can significantly improve the soluble protein of wort and the final beer, and it can provide more > 2.2 kDa protein in final beer, which is mainly derived from the raw wheat malt, but also including some protein produced in the fermentation process, such as some protein between 29 and 66.4 kDa. Though the content of > 15 kDa protein was relatively lower than the protein whose molecular weight was < 15 kDa, but it had important effects on total nitrogen, total water‐soluble protein, free amino nitrogen, chromaticity, and viscosity of final beer. The addition of wheat malt significantly improved the concentration of 2.2–15 and > 15 kDa protein, but higher percentage of addition ratio can decrease the foam stability of the beer.Practical ApplicationThis findings can reasonably control the protein content and types of wheat beer, improve the quality of wheat beer, solve the key technological problems, and expand and popularize the application of wheat in beer industry.