bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal fatty acid profile reveals the therapeutic effect of red ginseng acidic polysaccharide on type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats
Authors: Yang Jingxuan , Wu Yi , Jiang Ziye , Jiao Lili , Wang Yang 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the potential hypoglycemic mechanism of red ginseng acidic polysaccharides (RGAP) from the perspective of fatty acid (FA) regulation. A high‐glucose/high‐fat diet in conjunction with streptozotocin administration was employed to establish type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat models, and their fecal FAs were detected using the liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) method. RGAP treatment alleviated the polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, and hyperglycemia observed in T2DM rats. FA profile was disturbed by T2DM modeling, and 11 marker FAs were selected from statistical analysis, whose intensities were reversely changed by RGAP administration. Among these marker FAs, short‐chain FAs were negatively correlated with the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, while positive correlations were observed between long‐chain FA and the FBG level. Combined with the metabolite‐enzyme‐gene network analysis, we inferred that the mechanistic mechanism RGAP on T2DM may be associated with the regulation of FA metabolism and inflammation‐related signaling pathways. This study confirmed the regulatory effect of RGAP on fecal FA, which can provide a scientific basis and new ideas for developing red ginseng as a functional food for supplementary treatment of T2DM.
Associations of Tea Consumption With the Risk of All‐Cause and Cause‐Specific Mortality Among Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study in China
Authors: Wang Lifeng , Fan Xikang , Su Jian , Qin Yu , Sun Zhongming , Lu Yan , Gu Shujun , Shen Chong , Zhou Jinyi , Yu Hao , Wu Ming 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate the associations of tea consumption with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Chinese patients.Materials and MethodsThe present study included 15 718 participants from the Comprehensive Research on the Prevention and Control of Diabetes between 2013 and 2014 in Jiangsu, China. Information on tea consumption (including frequency, amount, and duration) was collected at baseline using interviewer‐administered questionnaires. Death data were identified by linkage to the Death Certificate System. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 9.77 (9.69, 9.82) years, 3046 deaths were documented, including 922 from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 736 from cancer. Compared with nonconsumers, regular tea consumption (≥ 3 times/week, 1 cup/day, > 30 years) was associated with reduced all‐cause mortality risk in T2DM, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.82 (0.74, 0.91), 0.80 (0.72, 0.89), and 0.77 (0.68, 0.86). For cardiovascular mortality, the HRs (95% CIs) were 0.79 (0.65, 0.96), 0.72 (0.59, 0.89), and 0.75 (0.60, 0.93). The exposure‐response relationship suggested that consuming 4 g/day may offer the most evident health benefits.ConclusionsAmong Chinese T2DM patients, higher tea frequency and amount intake were associated with lower risk of all‐cause and CVD mortality. It is suggested that consuming 4 g/day of tea could potentially serve as an intervention target. These findings suggest that tea consumption can be a part of a healthy diet for T2DM patients.
Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics, Genetic Phenotypes, and Prognostics of Primary Pulmonary and Bronchial Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Zhengyang , Jin Xing , Wang Jian , Sui Qihai , Yi Yanjun , Zeng Dejun , Chen Zhencong , Wang Qun , Yin Jiacheng , Wang Lin , Lin Zongwu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPrimary pulmonary and bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) is a rare, low‐grade malignant tumor of the lung. However, the relationship between its clinical features, surgical prognosis, and genetic phenotype has not been fully described.MethodsPACC patient information was collected from the SEER, TCGA, and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (FDZSH) databases. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses through Cox proportional hazards regression identified risk factors that predicted OS. The limma and matfools packages from R were used to compare the differential genes and mutations between PACC and LUAD, respectively.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐two patients, 14 patients, and 12 patients with PACC were identified from the SEER, TCGA, and FDZSH databases, respectively. The 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year OS of the PACC patients were 91.7%, 88.6%, and 85.0%, respectively, compared to 95.8%, 93.9%, and 93.3% for patients who underwent surgery. Race, pathological grade, M stage, regional node examination, and regional node positive were independent prognostic factors for the OS of patients who underwent surgery. The gene map of PACC and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) shows significant differences. Common mutations found in lung cancer were almost undetectable in PACC patients, whereas mutations in the NOTCH pathway were more common. TMB levels and PD‐1/PD‐L1 expressions were also lower in PACC patients.ConclusionOur study analyzed the main factors that influence the prognosis of PACC patients undergoing surgery and discovered the unique genetic phenotype of PACC.
Colorectal Metastasis From Lung Adenocarcinoma With Initial Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Xin Yu , Liu Dan , Zang Dan , Sun Yan , Chen Jun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTLung cancer (LC) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality. Nearly 50% of patients with primary LC have distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis. LC usually metastasizes from the lungs to the liver, adrenal glands, brain, and bone, but rarely to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Most gastrointestinal metastases (GIM) from LC are found on the basis of primary LC. GIM of LC with GI symptoms as the initial symptom is extremely rare. Moreover, the overall survival time of lung cancer patients developing intestinal metastases is from 5 weeks to 1 year, and most patients will die within the first 6 months. This report describes an uncommon case of lung adenocarcinoma that metastasized to the colon with initial symptoms involving the GI tract. After immunotherapy, the condition was stable for more than 2 years, and he is currently in good condition.
Gut Passage in Lemurs Enhances the Germination of Mistletoe Seeds Bakerella gonoclada, in a Madagascar Rainforest
Authors: Fenosoa Zo Samuel Ella , Brook Cara E. , Dunham Amy E. , Rakotomanana Hajanirina F. , Razafindraibe Hanta , Ring Kacie A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn Madagascar's rainforests, we lack knowledge of the natural history of mistletoe, a hemiparasitic plant that is an essential food source and habitat for many animals. Here, we compared the germination success and survival of Bakerella gonoclada mistletoe seeds that were defecated by lemurs with seeds hand‐removed from fruits to assess the effects of lemur gut passage on germination. We found that mistletoe seeds defecated by lemurs had significantly higher germination success, germination speed, hypocotyl growth, and survival probability than hand‐removed seeds, demonstrating that lemurs enhance the germination of this species. These results suggest a mutualistic relationship between mistletoe and lemurs.
The Colonic Vitamin D Receptor and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: No Correlation to Histologic or Endoscopic Inflammation
Authors: Bagger‐Jörgensen Harald , Thomsen Christian , Borrisholt Martine , Wanders Alkwin , Sjöberg Klas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe role of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is poorly described. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between immunohistochemical VDR expression and IBD activity. The immunohistochemical expression of VDR was analysed in biopsies from active and inactive IBD in 28 patients (ulcerative colitis: 21, Crohn's disease: 7) and 12 non‐IBD controls. VDR expression did not change in active compared to inactive disease (p = 0.40 in epithelium and p = 0.29 in stroma). There was a trend for higher VDR expression in controls compared to IBD patients. No relationship was found between VDR expression and histologic inflammation (r = −0.19, p = 0.89 for epithelium and r = 0.13, p = 0.35 for stroma), colonoscopic picture and clinical and laboratory measures including serum 25(OH) vitamin D status (r = −0.91, p = 0.82). IBD disease activity did not correlate to VDR immunohistochemical expression, nor did it differ compared to controls. These results partly conflict with prior studies, but these have only shown modest correlations. Prospective studies investigating VDR activity between IBD and controls should be contemplated.
North Korea's nuclear gambit: Coercion, deterrence, and the escalation‐de‐escalation paradox
Authors: Kwon Edward 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNorth Korea's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) development and recent nuclear law permitting preemptive nuclear use have jeopardized US and ROK security. Analyzing possible channels of Pyongyang's nuclear brinkmanship and military provocations through international relations theories—including nuclear coercive diplomacy and the nuclear stability‐instability paradox—and the “escalation to de‐escalation” military strategy reveals concerning trends. Pyongyang continues to develop new WMDs and conduct military drills involving tactical nuclear weapons, enhancing Kim Jong Un's adventurous brinkmanship. In response, the United States must adopt a strong nuclear retaliation strategy, expedite its nuclear triad modernization plan, and support an effective South Korean missile defense system. A military contingency plan, and diplomatic efforts to persuade Kim to abandon WMDs are crucial. The United States must take a firm stance against nuclear threats from North Korea, ensuring a robust defense and encouraging denuclearization. This multifaceted approach will help address the security challenges posed by North Korea's nuclear program.
Fibrinogen genotypes and their impact on recurrence of venous thromboembolism and family history: A prospective population‐based study
Authors: Memon Ashfaque A. , Zöller Bengt , Svensson Peter J. , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: January 2025

SummaryVenous thromboembolism (VTE) involves blood clot formation in veins, resulting in serious health issues. Fibrinogen, a crucial clotting protein, consists of three polypeptides encoded by the fibrinogen genes: alpha (FGA), beta (FGB) and gamma (FGG). We genotyped most common missense variants in the fibrinogen genes in relation to VTE, recurrence and family history in Malmö Thrombophilia Study, including 1465 VTE patients followed for ~10 years and 429 healthy donors. FGG (rs6063) was significantly associated with increased odds of primary VTE (odds ratio [OR] = 8.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–63.6) after adjusting for age and sex. For recurrent VTE, Cox‐regression analysis indicated a higher risk associated with FGA (rs6050) (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.1–2.8), with even greater risk for unprovoked recurrent VTE (HR = 2.3; 95% CI = 1.3–4.2), surpassing the well‐known factor V Leiden (FVL) (HR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.2–3.0). Combining risk alleles from FVL and FGA (rs6050) significantly raised the risk for unprovoked recurrent VTE: ≥3 risk alleles (HR = 4.6; 95% CI = 1.9–11.3), two risk alleles (HR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.4–4.8) and one risk allele (HR = 1.5; 95% CI = 0.8–2.7) compared to 0 risk allele. Prevalence of FGA (rs6050) risk allele was significantly higher in cases with a family history of VTE. We propose FGA (rs6050) as a novel predictor for unprovoked recurrent VTE and it may contribute to the familial occurrence of VTE.
Allergens Responsible for Contact Allergy in Children From 2010 to 2024: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Isufi Daniel , Jensen Mikkel Bak , Kursawe Larsen Christoffer , Alinaghi Farzad , Schwensen Jakob Ferløv Baselius , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTContact allergy (CA) is a frequent condition in children; however, newer estimates of the prevalence of CA in children are lacking. Herein, we aim to provide an estimate of the prevalence of CA in children from 2010 to 2024. Two authors independently searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science for studies reporting the prevalence of positive patch tests (PPTs) to allergens in populations including ≥ 100 children (< 18 years). Proportion meta‐analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled prevalence estimates of CA in children. Seventeen studies comprising 11 593 children undergoing patch testing with 4176 (36%) PPTs were eligible for inclusion. The allergen with the highest prevalence was nickel (11.9% [95% confidence interval [CI], 8.6%–15.71%]), followed by cobalt (6.6% [95% CI, 4.2%–9.5%]), cocamidopropyl betaine (5.5% [95% CI, 3.1–8.7]), bacitracin (5.2% [95% CI, 1.2%–10.0%]), fragrance mix I (4.8% [95% CI, 2.9%–7.1%]) and methylisothiazolinone (4.3% [95% CI, 2.2%–7.2%]). Children with atopic dermatitis had higher rates of PPTs for cocamidopropyl betaine, propylene glycol, lanolin alcohol and carba mix. Across geographical areas, higher prevalences of several allergens were found in the United States compared to Europe, for example, for methylisothiazolinone. This meta‐analysis confirmed that CA is frequent in children across geographical areas; however, differences in the frequency of top allergens depend on regulatory interventions, indicating their value.
Predictors of glycaemic improvement in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes and very elevated HbA1c using the MiniMed 780G system
Authors: Zhou Yongwen , Boucsein Alisa , Michaels Venus R. , Gray Madeleine K. , Jefferies Craig , Wiltshire Esko , Paul Ryan G. , Parry‐Strong Amber , Pasha Maheen , Petrovski Goran , de Bock Martin I. , Wheeler Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to identify key factors with the greatest influence on glycaemic outcomes in young individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and very elevated glycaemia after 3 months of automated insulin delivery (AID).Materials and MethodsData were combined and analysed from two separate and previously published studies with similar inclusion criteria assessing AID (MiniMed 780G) efficacy among young individuals naïve to AID (aged 7–25 years) with glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥69 mmol/mol (≥8.5%). Univariate and multivariate linear models were performed to explore factors leading to the greatest improvements in HbA1c and time in range 3.9–10.0 mmol/L (70–180 mg/dL; TIR).ResultsA total of 99 young individuals (aged 17.3 ± 4.2 years; baseline HbA1c 92 ± 21 mmol/mol [10.6% ± 1.9%]) were included. After 3 months of AID use, HbA1c improved to 65 ± 16 mmol/mol (8.1% ± 1.5%) (−27 ± 23 mmol/mol; −2.5% ± 2.1% change), and TIR improved from 24.2% ± 13.5% to 58.4% ± 15.4% (p both <0.001). In the multivariate analysis, two key factors for both HbA1c and TIR improvement were identified: high baseline HbA1c (>100 mmol/mol [>11.0%]) and high time in automation mode (>80%), which led to decreased HbA1c by 27.0 mmol/mol (2.4%) and 14.2 mmol/mol (1.3%) and increased TIR by 6.1% and 11.1% (p all <0.05) respectively. Meal announcement frequency >3 times/day and glucose target of 5.5 mmol/L (100 mg/dL) also led to significant increases in TIR. No other factors, including age, prior use of multiple daily injection, ethnicity, gender and optimal active insulin time 2 h, contributed to statistically significant HbA1c or TIR improvement.ConclusionsIn young individuals naive to AID, those with the highest baseline HbA1c and high percentage time in automation experience the greatest benefits after initiation of AID. Sociodemographic background and carbohydrate counting adherence/knowledge should not prevent or delay access to AID technology (ACTRN12621000556842 and ACTRN12622001454763).
Foundations and Future Directions for Causal Inference in Ecological Research
Authors: Siegel Katherine , Dee Laura E. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTEcology often seeks to answer causal questions, and while ecologists have a rich history of experimental approaches, novel observational data streams and the need to apply insights across naturally occurring conditions pose opportunities and challenges. Other fields have developed causal inference approaches that can enhance and expand our ability to answer ecological causal questions using observational or experimental data. However, the lack of comprehensive resources applying causal inference to ecological settings and jargon from multiple disciplines creates barriers. We introduce approaches for causal inference, discussing the main frameworks for counterfactual causal inference, how causal inference differs from other research aims and key challenges; the application of causal inference in experimental and quasi‐experimental study designs; appropriate interpretation of the results of causal inference approaches given their assumptions and biases; foundational papers; and the data requirements and trade‐offs between internal and external validity posed by different designs. We highlight that these designs generally prioritise internal validity over generalisability. Finally, we identify opportunities and considerations for ecologists to further integrate causal inference with synthesis science and meta‐analysis and expand the spatiotemporal scales at which causal inference is possible. We advocate for ecology as a field to collectively define best practices for causal inference.
Trees First Inhibit Then Promote Litter Decomposition in the Subarctic
Authors: Jonsson Micael , Clemmensen Karina E. , Castaño Carles , Parker Thomas C. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTTrees affect organic matter decomposition through allocation of recently fixed carbon belowground, but the magnitude and direction of this effect may depend on substrate type and decomposition stage. Here, we followed mass loss, chemical composition and fungal colonisation of leaf and root litters incubated in mountain birch forests over 4 years, in plots where belowground carbon allocation was severed by tree girdling or in control plots. Initially, girdling stimulated leaf and root litter mass loss by 12% and 22%, respectively, suggesting competitive release of saprotrophic decomposition when tree‐mediated competition by ectomycorrhizal fungi was eliminated (Gadgil effect). After 4 years, girdling instead hampered mass loss of root litter by 30%, suggesting late‐stage priming of decomposition in the presence of trees, in parallel with increased growth of shrubs and associated fungi following tree elimination. Hence, different mechanisms driving early‐ and late‐stage litter decomposition should be considered in climate‐feedback evaluations of plant–soil interactions.
The Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS): Regression‐based norms for German‐speaking countries
Authors: Penner I. K. , Baijot J. , Filser M. , Bätge S. , Raithel L. , Toth E. , Renner A. , Nagels G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackground and purposeCognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and is associated with problems in employment, driving ability, and quality of life. Since cognitive impairment at time of diagnosis is predictive of disability progression, early assessment and annual monitoring is recommended. The Brief International Cognitive Assessment in Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) was introduced as a time‐efficient screening tool that can easily be applied in standard clinical care. However, besides application, tests need to be analysed and the raw values obtained must be interpreted accordingly. Since normative values have not been available for German‐speaking countries, BICAMS has not been implemented in clinical routine. The aim of this study was to calculate German normative BICAMS data to improve the current diagnostic process for people with MS.MethodsHealthy control subjects in different age categories were recruited to enable regression‐based norm analysis. Raw scores for each BICAMS test were converted into scaled scores before they were regressed for age, age squared, gender, and education. The obtained scores were then normalised to a z‐score by dividing the difference between the scaled score and the predicted score by the root mean squared error of the model.ResultsIn all, 237 HCs were recruited (68.8% female, 31.2% male) and examined with BICAMS. Datasets entered the regression‐based norms analysis and formed the basis for a final z‐score calculation. To simplify handling in everyday clinical practice, nomograms and look‐up tables were created which provide clinicians with age‐ and education‐corrected norms.ConclusionOur work fills the gaps between BICAMS application, evaluation and interpretation and will make a significant contribution to more regular cognitive assessment of MS patients.
Code choice and translanguaging in Spanish classroom tasks
Authors: Urzúa Alfredo 
Published: January 2025

AbstractResearch shows that bilingual learners move naturally between their languages to learn; however, this practice is not welcomed in many second/foreign language classrooms given the belief that first language (L1) use negatively affects second language (L2) development, despite much empirical evidence to the contrary. Moreover, translanguaging practices calling for the use of full linguistic repertories can also benefit L2 learning, especially during collaborative tasks. It is thus important to explore translanguaging practices in classroom contexts. This study investigates code choice and translanguaging within collaborative oral tasks by focusing on the way college‐level, Spanish language learners strategically alternate between languages to sustain and enhance their interactions. In particular, the positive role of L1 use during the pretask phase and its relation to L2 use during the task phase are examined.
Activation of Evolutionarily Young Endogenous Retroviruses Is Implicated in COVID‐19 Immunopathology
Authors: Yoshida Reia , Ohtani Hitoshi 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe dysfunction of the innate immune system is well‐described as a clinical characteristic of COVID‐19. While several groups have reported human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) as enhancing factors of immune reactivity, characterization of the COVID‐19‐specific ERVs has not yet been sufficiently conducted. Here, we revealed the transcriptome profile of more than 500 ERV subfamilies and innate immune response genes in eight different cohorts of platelet, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), lung, frontal cortex of brain, ventral midbrain, pooled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (pHUVECs), placenta, and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC) from COVID‐19 patients (total; n = 124) and normal samples (total; n = 53) using publicly available datasets. While upregulation of ERV subfamilies was found in platelets, PBMCs, and placenta, the immune reactivity was confined to only platelets and PBMCs. It is noteworthy that the evolutionary ages of the upregulated ERV subfamilies detected in platelets and PBMCs were younger than other ERV subfamilies, but the tendency was not seen in the upregulated ERV subfamilies in placenta. The results suggest that only evolutionarily young ERVs can function as enhancing factors of the immune reactivity in COVID‐19 patients. The finding should be instrumental in understanding the COVID‐19 immunopathology.