bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National multicentered retrospective review of clinical and intraoperative factors associated with the development of cerebellar mutism after pediatric posterior fossa tumor resection
Authors: Kameda-Smith Michelle M , Ralugojan Malavan , Elliott Cameron , Bliss Lori , Moore Hanna , Sader Nicholas , Alsuwaihel Mosaab , Tso Michael K , Dakson Ayoub , Ajani Olufemi , Yarascavitch Blake , Fleming Adam , Mehta Vivek , Aminnejad Minoo , Farrokhyar Forough , Singh Sheila K 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
Cerebellar mutism (CM) is characterized by a significant loss of speech in children following posterior fossa (PF) surgery. The biological origin of CM remains unclear and is the subject of ongoing debate. Significant recovery from CM is less likely than previously described despite rigorous multidisciplinary neuro-rehabilitational efforts.
Methods
A national multi-centered retrospective review of all children undergoing PF resection in 4 midsized Canadian academic pediatric institutions was undertaken. Patient, tumor, and surgical factors associated with the post-operative development of CM were reviewed. Retrospective identification of PF surgery patients including those developing and those that did not (internal control).
Results
The study identified 258 patients across the 4 centers between 2010–2020 (mean age 6.73 years; 42.2 female). Overall, CM was experienced in 19.5% of patients (N = 50). Amongst children who developed CM histopathology included medulloblastoma (35.7%), pilocytic astrocytoma (32.6%), and ependymoma (17.1%). Intraoperative impression of adherence to the floor of the 4th ventricle was positive in 36.8%. Intraoperative abrupt changes in blood pressure and/or heart rate were identified in 19.4% and 17.8% of cases. The clinical resolution of CM was rated to be complete, significant resolution, slight improvement, no improvement, and deterioration in 56.0%, 8.0%, 20.0%, 14.0%, 2.0%, respectively. In the cohort of children who experienced post-operative CM as compared to their no-CM counterpart, proportionally more tumors were felt to be adherent to the floor of the 4th ventricle (56.0% vs 49.5%), intraoperative extent of resection was a GTR (74% vs 68.8%), and changes in heart rate were noted (≥ 20% from baseline) (26.0% vs 15.9%). However, a logistic regression for experiencing CM identified only intraoperative impression of adherence to the floor of the 4th ventricle (OR 2.32, p = 0.011), abrupt changes in intraoperative HR (> 20% from baseline) (OR 2.34, p = 0.028), and medulloblastoma histology (OR 3.77, p = 0.001) to significantly associated with development of post-operative CM.
Conclusion
As a devastating surgical complication, identifying and understanding the biological origin of CM is the first step to complication avoidance. Maximal safe resection irrespective of intraoperative pathology remains the strategy to minimize the devastating post-operative development of CM.
Screening of amino acids as a safe energy source for isolated rat pancreatic acini
Authors: Zub Anastasiia M. , Manko Bohdan O. , Manko Volodymyr V. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Amino acids play an essential role in protein synthesis, metabolism and survival of pancreatic acinar cells. Adequate nutritional support is important for acute pancreatitis treatment. However, some amino acids, such as arginine and lysine, are toxic for pancreatic acinar cells in high concentrations. The study aimed to select the candidate amino acids as the best non-toxic energy sources for supplemental therapy of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatic acini were isolated from male Wistar rats. Effects of amino acids (0.1–20 mM) on uncoupled respiration of isolated acini were studied with a Clark electrode. Cell necrosis and apoptosis were evaluated with fluorescent microscopy and DNA gel electrophoresis. Among the tested amino acids, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, lysine and aspartate were able to stimulate the uncoupled respiration rate of isolated pancreatic acini, while arginine, histidine and asparagine were not. Lysine, arginine and glutamine (20 mM) caused complete necrosis of acinar cells after 24 h of incubation. Glutamine also caused early (2–4 h) cell swelling and blebbing. Aspartate, asparagine and glutamate only moderately increased the number of necrotic cells, while alanine and histidine were not toxic. No significant apoptosis developed after incubation with amino acids. In conclusion, we propose alanine and glutamate as safe candidate amino acid supplements for patients with acute pancreatitis.
Prenatal and postnatal depression: prevalence, and risk factors among women seen at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus: a prospective cohort study, a call for early screening
Authors: Ayrout Ramah Abdo , Kookash Majd Hatem , Ashabi Khaled Kalalib AL , safiah Mhd homam , Latifeh Youssef 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background The perinatal period is an important and sensitive period for both mother and her newborn. Mental health is a significant component and can be marred by several issues, the most common of which are prenatal and postpartum depression. Screening for these disorders provides a golden opportunity to provide treatment and avoid risks to the mother and her child. Methods This a prospective cohort study was carried out at University Hospital Obstetrics in Damascus City, using convince sampling approach and conducted over two phases. The first phase was during the third trimester of pregnancy and the second phase involved a follow-up assessment after 6 weeks of delivery. Depression assessment was done using the Arabic-validated version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale questionnaire (EPDS). A cutoff of 13 or higher was used to determine the presence of probable depression in both assessments. Results Of 347 pregnant women, 134 (38.6%) had a score EPDS > 13 testing positive for prenatal depression (PND). 295 patients have achieved the second assessment, of which 89 (30.2%) had a score EPDS > 13 testing positive for postpartum depression (PPD). Furthermore, 44 (42.5%) who had PND developed PPD after 6 weeks of delivery. Self-harm thoughts were more common during gestation (7.8% versus 2.3%). On multinomial regression, risk factors for PND were Non- Syrian nationality [AOR = 3.25, p- value = 0.01], the father is not alive [AOR = 2.71, P- value = 0.001], and positive history of depression independent of pregnancy [AOR = 4.68, p- value < 0.001]. while for PPD were history of PPD [AOR = 2.54, p- value = 0.01] and earlier positive prenatal depression [AOR = 2.74, p- value < 0.001]. Conclusion This study demonstrated high rates for both PND and PPD in Syrian settings. Depression rate was higher during the third trimester than after 6 weeks. This study highlights the importance of early screening for depression and applying more effective management strategies to obtain a healthy mother bond with her newborn and their well-being, especially in Syrian settings.
Shearlets and Lambda Tomography With Applications to ROI and Edge-Orientation Detection in Images
Authors: Vera Daniel 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The term lambda-tomography refers to an operator that preserves the singular support of a function and, more generally, its wavefront set. We review the basics of the Radon transform (RT), microlocal analysis and lambda tomography. Then, we develop a novel analytical expression that allows us to evaluate some pseudo-differential operators (related to the RT) on a function with the shearlet system. We also develop their respective numerical implementation with the ShearLab toolbox. As a consequence, the implementation is simple, accurate and fast. A first application is on the lambda and local operators of the region-of-interest (ROI) tomography, where highly incomplete samples are measured. Taking advantage of the fact that the lambda operator accentuates boundaries and singularities, the second application is a very competitive algorithm aimed to detect edge-like features in synthetic, natural and real medical images along with their orientations.
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 42C40, 42-08, 65T99, 68U10
Enhance the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced sandy soil using xanthan gum
Authors: Ma Qiang , Wu Jiwei , Bai Yu xia , Xiao Henglin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Biopolymers are popular in soil improvement as an environmentally friendly alternative. Unconfined compressive strength tests, direct shear tests, Brazilian splitting tests were performed to investigate the effect of different xanthan gum content and drying times on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced sandy soils treated with xanthan gum. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to show the microstructure of the materials. The test results show that the extension of drying time and the increase of xanthan gum content have positive significance for strength, the maximum UCS, elastic modulus, shear strength, cohesion, and tensile strength are 4829 kPa, 171.65 MPa, 803.76 kPa, 620 kPa, and 807 kPa, respectively, for a drying time of 14 days. SEM analysis showed that the xanthan gum enhanced the strength by adhering to the surface of the soil particles after drying, filling the pores between the particles and enhancing the fiber network. These findings have significant implications for the application of xanthan gum in fiber-reinforced soil treatment.
The sharp turn: backward rupture branching during the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey earthquake
Authors: Ding Xiaotian , Xu Shiqing , Xie Yuqing , Ende Martijn van den , Premus Jan , Ampuero Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the 2023 Mw 7.8 Turkey earthquake started on a splay fault, then branched bilaterally onto the nearby East Anatolian Fault (EAF). This rupture pattern includes one feature deemed implausible, called backward rupture branching: rupture propagating from the splay fault onto the SW EAF segment through a sharp corner (with an acute angle between the two faults). To understand this feature, we perform 2.5-D dynamic rupture simulations considering a large set of possible scenarios. We find that both subshear and supershear ruptures on the splay fault can trigger bilateral ruptures on the EAF, which themselves can be either subshear, supershear, or a mixture of the two. In most cases, rupture on the SW segment of the EAF starts after rupture onset on its NE segment: the SW rupture is triggered by the NE rupture. Only when the EAF has initial stresses very close to failure, its SW segment can be directly triggered by the initial splay-fault rupture, earlier than the activation of the NE segment. These results advance our understanding of the mechanisms of multi-segment rupture and the complexity of rupture processes, paving the way for a more accurate assessment of earthquake hazards.
Air valve arrangement criteria for preventing secondary pipe bursts in long-distance gravitational water supply systems
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhang Jian , Xu Tingyu , Liu Yi , Yao Tianyu , Wang Kailang , Zhang Meng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Pipe burst incidents in long-distance gravitational water supply systems (LGWSSs) result in hydraulic characteristic variations and pose significant challenges. This study aims to prevent secondary pipe bursts by addressing the propagation of water hammer waves triggered by primary pipe bursts. Based on an analysis of pipe burst incidents and considering different pipe laying methods, air valve arrangement criteria are developed to mitigate the risk of secondary bursts in LGWSS pipelines. The principal results include a reasonable mathematical analysis model for understanding pipe bursts and the determination of air valve arrangement criteria which considers potentially dangerous pressure variations resulting from primary pipe bursts. This model aims to mitigate the adverse effects of pipe bursts and minimize the likelihood of secondary bursts. Implementing the proposed criteria has important engineering applications, thus improving the reasonable and effective placement of air valves to prevent secondary pipe bursts in LGWSSs. The conclusion involves optimizing the placement of air valves to enhance the flexibility and reliability of LGWSSs. By implementing the proposed air valve arrangement criteria, water supply systems can minimize the potential damage caused by pipe bursts and improve overall operational efficiency.
Unit-scale- and catchment-scale-based sensitivity analysis of bioretention cell for urban stormwater system management
Authors: Tansar Husnain , Duan Huan-Feng , Mark Ole 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

An improved understanding of bioretention cell (BC) design configuration at both the unit scale and catchment scale is necessary for critical insight into dynamical behaviors of design parameters, which resultantly guides and improves the effectiveness and efficiency of a BC. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis (SA) of BC design parameters was conducted in this study by using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) which is globally used for BC's modeling. The preliminary screening of various design parameters is conducted by the one-factor-at-a-time (OAT) SA method and the key influential parameters (i.e., conductivity, berm height, vegetation volume, suction head, porosity, wilting point, and soil thickness) are selected for further SA. To this end, 1,000 random uniformly distributed samples of each sensitive design parameter are simulated by a Python wrapper of SWMM (PySWMM) under different design storms at the unit scale and catchment scale, respectively. Unit-scale SA results found unique characteristics of each design parameter under different storm scenarios, and their behaviors toward different model responses dynamically change within their factor spaces. Catchment-scale SA results conclude vegetation and soil layers design parameters have significant impacts on controlling stormwater at the catchment scale, and optimal selection of design parameters of vegetation (type, density, and height) and soil (type, layer thickness, and void ratio) is necessary for significantly improving the effectiveness of the BC at the catchment scale.
Engineered Exosomes for Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy: A Promising
Approach and Application
Authors: Fu Peiwen , Yin Siqi , Cheng Huiying , Xu Wenrong , Jiang Jiajia 
Published: July 2023

Abstract:
A significant amount of research effort is currently focused on investigating the role of exosomes
in various cancers. These tiny vesicles, apart from acting as biomarkers, also play a crucial role in
tumor formation and development. Several studies have demonstrated that exosomes can be a drug delivery
vehicle for cancer therapy. In this paper, we highlight the key advantages of exosomes as a drug
delivery candidate, with a particular focus on their low immunogenicity, natural targeting ability and
suitable mechanical properties. Furthermore, we propose that the selection of appropriate exosomes and
drug loading methods based on therapeutic goals and product heterogeneity is essential for preparing
engineered exosomes. We comprehensively analyzed the superiorities of current drug-loading methods
to improve the creation of designed exosomes. Moreover, we systematically review the applications of
engineered exosomes in various therapies such as immunotherapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, chemotherapy,
indicating that engineered exosomes have the potential to be reliable and, safe drug carriers
that can address the unmet needs in cancer clinical practice.
Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 regulates cognitive dysfunction of mice with sepsis-associated encephalopathy through SIRT1 deubiquitination
Authors: Li Zuoxiao , Gao Weina , Wang Lijuan 
Published: July 2023

Background:
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the most severe complication of sepsis. Ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) could improve cognitive and motor disorders in SAE.

Objective:
This study explored the mechanism of USP8 in SAE mice to provide new therapeutic targets for SAE.

Methods:
C57BL/6 mice were selected to establish SAE models by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and injected with lentivirus overexpressing USP8 one week before SAE modeling. Mouse weight changes were monitored, cognitive and learning abilities were tested by the Morris water maze test, behaviors were evaluated by open-field tests, and pathological changes in brain tissue were analyzed by H&E staining. Levels of USP8, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and SOD, GSH-Px activities, and MDA levels were detected by Western blot, ELISA, and kits. Co-immunoprecipitation assay verified the interaction between USP8 and SIRT1 and SIRT1 ubiquitination level.

Results:
In CLP mice, the body weight, cognitive function, and learning ability were decreased, along with motor disorder, abnormal morphological structure of neurons, and obvious inflammatory infiltration. USP8 protein in brain tissue was decreased, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were increased, IL-10 was decreased, SOD and GSH-Px activities were decreased, and MDA level was increased. USP8 treatment improved cognitive dysfunction and inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in CLP mice. USP8 promoted SIRT1 expression by direct deubiquitination. SIRT1 knockdown partially reversed the regulation of USP8 on SAE mice.

Conclusion:
USP8 can directly deubiquitinate SIRT1 and inhibit inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, thus improving cognitive dysfunction in SAE mice.
Vulnerable Carotid Plaque is Associated with an Increased Risk of
Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Individuals at High Risk of Stroke: A
Chinese Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Li Jie , Zhang Ping , Chen Hong , Qing Ting , Wang Yanfen , Zhou Ju , Yi Xingyang , Wang Chun 
Published: July 2023

Objectives:
To assess the association between carotid artery plaques and the risk of incident intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) event in high-risk individuals for stroke.

Methods:
We conducted a population-based cohort study using the longitudinal participant-level data of a multicenter, cross-sectional survey in southwestern China. 2644 high-risk participants for stroke were enrolled in the year 2015. The primary outcome was new-onset ICH events during a five-year follow-up period. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the association between carotid plaque and new-onset ICH. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted to identify variables that might modify the association between vulnerable carotid plaque and ICH.

Results:
Among 2644 high-risk individuals enrolled, carotid plaques were found in 904 (34.2%) subjects, including 479 (18.1%) with stable plaques and 425 (16.1%) with vulnerable plaques. During a five-year follow-up period, 22 (0.83%) participants developed ICH. Vulnerable carotid plaque was associated with an increased risk of new-onset ICH in multivariable analyses (adjusted RR 3.72, 95 % CI 1.32 to 10.46, p=0.013).Stratified analyses and interaction analyses demonstrated the association between vulnerable carotid plaque and ICH was not changed by age, family history of stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and chronic disease, smoking, drinking, physical activity, BMI, antihypertensives, and antithrombotic drugs (all p for interaction>0.05). However, among the female cohort, participants with vulnerable plaques had a significantly higher risk of ICH compared with participants without vulnerable plaques (crude RR=9.8; 95%CI: 3.1-31.3, p<0.001; adjusted RR=26.3, 95%CI: 5.5-124.5, p<0.001), but not in man (p>0.05).

Conclusion:
In Chinese individuals at high risk of stroke, vulnerable carotid artery plaques are associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage independent of classical vascular risk factors, especially in female individuals.
Research Progress on Small-molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine
Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) for Treating Cancer
Authors: Guo Chaohua , Wu Lintao , Zheng Xumei , Zhao Lin , Hou Xiaojia , Wang Zhijun , Han Chun 
Published: July 2023

Background:
The protein arginine methyltransferase family includes nine members,
with PRMT5 being the major type II arginine methyltransferase. PRMT5 is upregulated in a variety
of tumors and promotes tumorigenesis and tumor cell proliferation and metastasis, making it a
potential tumor therapy target. Recently, PRMT5 inhibitor research and development have become
hotspots in the tumor therapy field.

Methods:
We classified and summarized PRMT5 inhibitors according to different binding mechanisms.
We mainly analyzed the structure, biological activity, and binding interactions of PRMT5
inhibitors with the PRMT5 enzyme.

Results:
At present, many PRMT5 inhibitors with various mechanisms of action have been reported,
including substrate-competitive inhibitors, SAM-competitive inhibitors, dual substrate-/SAMcompetitive
inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors, PRMT5 degraders, MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors
and PPI inhibitors.

Conclusion:
These inhibitors are beneficial to the treatment of tumors. Some drugs are being used
in clinical trials. PRMT5 inhibitors have broad application prospects in tumor therapy.
Pengaruh Variasi Latihan Passmove Terhadap Keterampilan Teknik Dasar Passing Futsal
Authors: Anjanika Yonifia , Ali Muhammad , Rizky Ramadhani Ella 
Published: July 2023

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi latihan passmove terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar passing Futsal Ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 11 Kota Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dalam penelitian ini terdapat satu kelompok eksperimen yang sengaja diberikan perlakuan. Adapun rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan One Group Pretest-Postest Design yaitu kelompok yang diberikan perlakuan, tetapi sebelum perlakuan diberikan terlebih dahulu dilakukan tes awal (pretest), dan kemudian diakhir perlakuan dilakukan lagi tes akhir (postest). sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan total sampeling pemain Futsal Ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 11 Kota Jambi berjmlah 18 orang. Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh sebagai berikut tes awal diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 6,39 Standar Deviasi 1,39 dengan nilai terbaik 9 dan kemampuan terendah 4 serta rentang 5. Data hasil tes akhir keterampilan teknik dasar passing futsal setelah diberi Latihan Passmove didapat rata-rata sebesar 8,78 Standar Deviasi 0,73 dengan nilai terbaik 10 dan kemampuan terendah 7 dengan rentang 3. Nilai antar t hitung dengan nilai presentil pada tabel distribusi – t, untuk taraf nyata α = 0,05 dengan derajat kebebasan (dk) = (n – 1) = 17 diperoleh t hitung (8,85) > t tabel (1,7396). Ini berarti hipotesis Ha yang diterima dan Ho ditolak. Jadi dapat disimpulkan terdapat pengaruh Latihan Passmove terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar passing futsal ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 11 Kota Jambi dengan t Hitung > t Tabel. Dapat di simpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Latihan Passmove terhadap keterampilan teknik dasar passing futsal ekstrakurikuler SMA Negeri 11 Kota Jambi
Kata kunci: Latihan Passmove, Teknik Dasar, Passing Futsal
PERSEPSI ORANG TUA SISWA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI WHATSSAPP
Authors: Rohayu Sri 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan persepsi orang tua siswa terhadap penggunaan video pembelajaran melalui Whatsapp, dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus (Case Studies). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada kelas IA SDN 02 Kota Jambi yang jumlah siswanya 23 orang, terdiri dari 13 siswa laki-laki dan 10 siswa perempuan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan dokumen. Kemudian analisis data dilakukan dengan deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun data yang diperoleh bersumber dari Orang Tua Siswa Kelas 1A SDN 02 Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian persepsi orang tua siswa terhadap penggunaan video pembelajaran melalui whatsapp antara lain: persepsi orang tua sebagian besar menyatakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan video tidak efektif dan tidak efisien karena membuat orang tua kerepotan dan menyita waktu serta tidak meningkatkan minat untuk diterapkan pada saat pembelajaran dari rumah. Persepsi Positifnya terhadap pembelajaran dengan menggunakan video dikirim melalui whatsapp ini orangtua dapat lebih mengenal sikap dan karakter anaknya dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran
Kata Kunci : Persepsi, Video, dan Whatsapp.