bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burnout among Japanese emergency medicine physicians: A multicentric questionnaire study
Authors: Morikawa Miki , Uechi Takahiro , Hanaki Nao , Goto Yukari , Funakoshi Hiraku , Takeuchi Shinya , Mizobe Michiko , Yajima Tsukasa , Kondo Yutaka , Tanaka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectiveBurnout negatively affects the wellness and performance of emergency physicians (EPs). This study aimed to clarify the actual prevalence of burnout and its associated factors among Japanese EPs.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional questionnaire study of selected 27 Japanese emergency departments (EDs). We examined the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Services Survey score and its associations with ED‐level‐ and EP‐level factors in a multivariable analysis.ResultsA total of 267 EPs (81.9%) completed survey. Of these, 43 EPs (16.1%) scored severe emotional exhaustion (EE), 53 (19.8%) scored severe depersonalization (DP), and 179 (67.0%) scored severe personal accomplishment (PA), and 24 (8.9%) scored severely in all three domains. In our multivariable analysis, emergency medical service centers were associated with severe PA scores (odds ratio [OR], 10.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78–62.66; p = 0.009). A 3 to 6 hour‐sleep period was associated with severe EE scores (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.04–3.98; p = 0.036), and EPs in their 20s were associated with severe DP scores (OR, 7.37; 95% CI, 1.41–38.38; p = 0.018).ConclusionOur results suggest that 8.9% of Japanese EPs are in higher degrees of burnout. In particular, Japanese EPs scored more severely on PA. To avoid burnout in Japanese EPs, it is important to improve the working environment by ensuring more than 6 h of sleep, providing more support for young EPs, and taking effective action to combat low EP self‐esteem.
Techno‐economic comparison of different reactor types used in the manufacture of fructooligosaccharides from sucrose
Authors: Vacharanukrauh Treerat , Plubwungklam Sasina , Pichyangkura Rath , Soottitantawat Apinan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFructooligosaccharides, a low‐calorie alternative sweetener with prebiotic effects, can be synthesized from sucrose via enzymatic reactions. Recently, methods for producing novel fructooligosaccharides using free and immobilized Bacillus licheniformis RN‐01 levansucrase were developed at the laboratory scale. However, there was a need to apply engineering knowledge in production process design and scale‐up to develop and evaluate the feasibility of this technology in the industrial scale. In this paper, three different types of reactors for fructooligosaccharides production using B. licheniformis RN‐01 levansucrase were compared in terms of technical and economic aspects. The previously collected experimental data, including enzyme activities, immobilization yields, product yields, and material balances, were used to estimate the capital and operating costs of fructooligosaccharides production using (a) immobilized enzyme in a stirred‐tank reactor, (b) immobilized enzyme in a packed‐bed reactor, and (c) free enzyme in a stirred‐tank reactor. The technical issues in reactor design and operation were also evaluated. The results showed that, in terms of minimum product selling prices, the process using immobilized enzyme had more economic advantages than the process using free enzyme because the cost savings from enzyme purchasing could compensate the additional equipment and chemical costs in the enzyme immobilization process. The results could be a guideline for selecting suitable reactor types for fructooligosaccharides production and provide directions for further reactor design and development.
Effects of tributyrin as plasticizer in poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) on processability, mechanical, and thermal properties
Authors: Carvalho Nathan K. , Silva Ana P. B. , Lemes Ana P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe development of biodegradable polymers has been stimulated owing to the inappropriate litter disposing in order to replace conventional polymers with long‐time degradation. As their performance is a challenge to this replacement, the insertion of additives in biodegradable polymers such as poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) consists in an effective way of adjusting their properties. For this reason, it was analyzed the incorporation of tributyrin (TB) in the matrix of PHBV as a plasticizer, so that higher plastic deformation is achieved. Samples of neat PHBV and with plasticizer concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 wt% were prepared by double screw extruder followed by press molding under temperature. Plasticizer exudation test confirmed the presence of TB in the samples of PHBV. Mechanical test showed the highest value of tensile strength and elongation at break for PHBV/5TB, with 23.4 MPa and 2.84%, respectively. It was observed at differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis that the PHBV/5TB resulted in an increase of 3% on crystallinity, a decrease of 3% on melting temperature, and a decrease of 46% and 29% on glass transition temperature by E″ and tan δ curves, respectively, compared with neat PHBV. Thus, PHBV/5TB was determined as the most appropriate composition for enhancing processability and properties of PHBV.
Analyzing paramagnetic NMR data on target DNA search by proteins using a discrete‐state kinetic model for translocation
Authors: Yu Binhan , Iwahara Junji 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBefore reaching their targets, sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins nonspecifically bind to DNA through electrostatic interactions and stochastically change their locations on DNA. Investigations into the dynamics of DNA‐scanning by proteins are nontrivial due to the simultaneous presence of multiple translocation mechanisms and many sites for the protein to nonspecifically bind to DNA. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide information about the target DNA search processes at an atomic level. Paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) is particularly useful to study how the proteins scan DNA in the search process. Previously, relatively simple two‐state or three‐state exchange models were used to explain PRE data reflecting the target search process. In this work, using more realistic discrete‐state stochastic kinetics models embedded into an NMR master equation, we analyzed the PRE data for the HoxD9 homeodomain interacting with DNA. The kinetic models that incorporate sliding, dissociation, association, and intersegment transfer can reproduce the PRE profiles observed at some different ionic strengths. The analysis confirms the previous interpretation of the PRE data and shows that the protein's probability distribution among nonspecific sites is nonuniform during the target DNA search process.
Prediction of distant metastasis and specific survival prediction of small intestine cancer patients with metastasis: A population‐based study
Authors: Xu Jinyi , Yao Zhiyi , Liao Guoliang , OuYang Xi , Mao Shengxun , Cao Jiaqing , Lai Bin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundSmall intestine cancer (SIC) is difficult to diagnose early and presents a poor prognosis due to distant metastasis. This study aimed to develop nomograms for diagnosing and assessing the prognosis of SIC with distant metastasis.MethodsPatients diagnosed with SIC between 2010 and 2015 were included from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database. Univariate and multifactor analysis determined independent risk factors for distant metastasis and prognostic factors for overall and cancer‐specific survival. We then constructed the corresponding three nomograms and assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the nomograms by net reclassification improvement, receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves, assessed the clinical utility by decision curve analysis.RESULTSThe cohort consisted of 6697 patients, of whom 1299 had distant metastasis at diagnosis. Tstage, Nstage, age, tumor size, grade, and histological type were independent risk factors for distant metastasis. Age, histological type, T stage, N stage, grade, tumor size, whether receiving surgery, number of lymph nodes removed, and the presence of bone or lung metastases were predictors of both overall survival and cancer‐specific survival. The nomograms showed excellent accuracy in predicting distant metastasis and prognosis.ConclusionNomograms were developed and validated for SIC patients with distant metastasis, aiding physicians in making rational and personalized clinical decisions.
Synthesis and utilization of mesoporous alumina as a supporting material of Ce‐promoted Ni‐based catalysts in the methane reforming process
Authors: Zolghadri Sara , Honarvar Bizhan , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza , Arab Aboosadi Zahra , Azizi Mehdi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the large applications of hydrogen as a feedstock of chemical industries and as an energy carrier, its production on large scales with low costs has attracted researchers. Steam reforming of methane (SRM) is the most common process for producing H2‐rich syngas over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, which suffer from coke deposition and Ni particles agglomeration. For overcoming these issues, we have synthesized mesoporous alumina (MA) as a supporting material of Ni particles, structure, and activity, which were compared with the bulk alumina (BA) supported catalysts in the SRM process for the first time. Besides, cerium as an appropriate promoter for lowering deposited coke was added to all prepared catalysts. The reaction temperature (600–700°C), Ni loading (10–25 wt.%), and Ce loading (1–5 wt.%) were the parameters that were optimized for maximizing H2 yield and CH4 conversion. Prepared samples were characterized by various techniques before and/or after reaction. The results of TEM and XRD depicted the formation of nanocrystalline and mesoporous structure for Ni‐MA catalysts compare to Ni‐BA samples. The observations indicated that 20Ni‐3Ce/MA had the highest catalytic performance, achieving a CH4 conversion of 91.0% and H2 yield of 92.8% at 700°C.
Azide Thermolysis Frameworks: Self‐inflating, Porous, and Lightweight Materials
Authors: Brückel Julian , Matt Yannick , Schmidt Lisa , Mattern Cornelia M. , Schepers Ute , Leopold Sonja , Calkovsky Martin , Gerthsen Dagmar , Bräse Stefan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPorous organic materials have received increasing attention due to their potential applications, such as gas storage, gas separation, and catalysis. In this work, we present a series of aromatic, polyazide‐containing building blocks that enable the formation of a new class of amorphous porous organic materials. The azide precursors are obtained in moderate to good yields following an easy synthesis procedure. By thermal decomposition, self‐inflating porous structures named Azide Thermolysis Frameworks (ATFs) can be obtained. Modified thermogravimetric analysis is used to determine the onset temperature at which the azides decompose and the frameworks are formed. The frameworks are further investigated via infrared (IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas adsorption measurements. Specific surface areas and pore sizes are determined by nitrogen adsorption measurements at 77 K using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET) to give surface areas of up to 677 m2/g for the ATF resulting from the thermolysis of TPB‐Azide at 450 °C, which can compete with early Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs). The specific surface area can be tuned by varying the thermolysis temperature.
A case of complete remission of Hodgkin lymphoma confirmed histopathologically by neck dissection
Authors: Ohashi Yu , Shiga Kiyoto , Katagiri Katsunori , Saito Daisuke , Oikawa Shin‐ichi , Tsuchida Kodai , Miyaguchi Jun , Kusaka Takahiro , Yamada Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is diagnosed definitively by biopsy, and treatment is based on stage. Owing to the nature of the disease, post‐treatment efficacy is determined mainly by fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography/computed tomography, and the efficacy of treatment is not confirmed by histopathology. We report a case of tongue cancer after treatment for HL, in which a post‐treatment lymph node with complete remission was histopathologically confirmed by neck dissection.CaseThe patient was a 74‐year‐old man who was referred to our hospital for cancer on the right side of his tongue. He had previously undergone chemotherapy for HL involving the right side of his neck and achieved complete remission. Because he had cT3N2cM0 tongue cancer, glossectomy and bilateral neck dissection were performed. Surprisingly, histopathological examination revealed that there was neither metastatic lymph nodes nor lymphoma cells in his right neck. Moreover, there was no lymphatic structure in his remnant lymph nodes.ConclusionThis was a rare case in which complete remission of HL was confirmed by histopathological analysis. The absence of lymph node structure and lymphatic flow led to contralateral neck lymph node metastases of tongue cancer.
Advanced reversible stenographic method for image and video frames by adapting dual tree complex wavelet transform and chaotic whale optimization algorithm
Authors: J Jerisha Liby , T Jaya 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn this article, an advanced reversible stenographic method is proposed for image and video frames by adapting dual tree complex wavelet transform and chaotic whale optimization algorithm. Here, the cover image and secret message are taken as input. In this image, the edges are identified by Canny edge detection system and embedded by the process of dual‐tree complex wave transformation method (DT‐CWT‐CWOA‐SDH) and pixel edges are optimized using the chaos whale optimization algorithm (CWOA), it optimizes the edge pixel variations and maximizes the robustness of the image and visual quality of stego image. The objective of this process is to increase the security of secret data hiding the secret message on cover image and forming the stego image by the embedding procedure and to maximize the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) and reduce the execution time. The proposed method runs on the MATLAB work site and the performance of proposed method is evaluated using different existing methods. The simulation outcomes illustrate that the proposed DT‐CWT‐CWOA‐SDH shows higher PSNR of 32.01%, 24.79%; lower mean square error (MSE) of 21.13%, 45.185%, normalized correlation (NC) of 11.24%, 19.04% compared with existing method.
An intelligent MAC protocol for mission critical applications in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Raut Archana R. , Khandait S. P. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn the current age, wireless sensor networks (WSN) are growing the attention of researchers. WSNs are significantly used in a broad scope of real‐time monitoring applications. With ongoing advances and requirements in industrial emerging time‐critical applications, WSNs have been accordingly stretched out to help the reliable, time‐bound data delivery. In WSNs, node organization, resource limitations, topology varieties, providing delay guarantees for channel access, and transmission time barrier are the most significant challenges in real‐time handling traffic. Suppose critical data packets arrive from sensor nodes simultaneously. In that case, finding the optimal path for the transmission of data packets so that data are reached within time bounds, taking into account the current network scenario, is a more inspiring task. With this perspective, in order to provide a priority‐based transmission scheme, an improved adaptive media access control (MAC) protocol is proposed to support priority‐based channel access considering the current network scenario, which ensures time‐bounded reliable transfer of critical data packets. The proposed system uses an adaptive learning‐centered approach to find the optimum path for sending critical data packets in varying network scenarios. The proposed mission‐critical MAC (MC‐MAC) protocol is assessed arithmetically to offer reliable and time‐bounded transmission for emergency data packets.
Joint scheduling optimization of a microgrid with integration of renewable energy sources and electric vehicles considering energy and reserve minimization
Authors: Hai Tao , Zhou Jincheng , Zain Jasni Mohamad , Jamali Farah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo lower operational costs as well as emissions when wind and solar resources are available in a microgrid (MG), this study discusses the scheduling of electric vehicles (EVs) and responsive demands simultaneously. To mitigate the effects associated with undispatchable energy sources such as wind and solar, the proposed system makes use of EVs for peak shaving and load curve changes, while responsive demands provide the reserves required to do so. In addition, a two‐stage model is provided to evaluate MG's planned running costs (energy and reserve). Costs related to generating and reserving electricity are minimized in Stage 1, while costs related to adjusting unit scheduling to account for fluctuations in wind and photovoltaic output are minimized in Stage 2. Converged barnacles mating optimizer (CBMO) is a highly effective and powerful optimization tool that is used to handle the resultant objective optimization issue. An MG consisting of multiple dispersed generations is used to implement the proposed model. It is worth mentioning that three scenarios have been defined to analyze the impact of joint scheduling of EVs and controllable loads on the MG's day‐ahead operation. The three cost terms, that is, the generation cost, the reserve cost, and the startup cost of units in this scenario, are derived as $745.6913, $10.5278, and $6.35, respectively, remarkably less than the values reported in Scenarios 1 and 2. In Scenario 1, the CBMO algorithm yielded a lower MG operational cost than methods by a margin of 843.2 $/day. Costs per day of operation in Scenario 2 are derived to be $819.3 using the CBMO technique, whereas in Scenario 3, they are determined to be $743.1.
Joint user and throughput maximization in re‐configurable intelligent surface assisted beyond 5G/6G networks
Authors: Azam Alishba , Imran Muhammad , Ali Mudassar , Khan Humayun Zubair , Wakeel Abdul , Naeem Muhammad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCurrent fifth‐generation (5G) cellular networks must be upgraded to sixth‐generation (6G) networks as the data rate demands are increasing dramatically. In 6G, the re‐configurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) concept has recently received a lot of attention, it is a new technology that can be configured to optimize the wireless propagating environments and adjust wireless settings to improve the throughput of a network. RIS is emerging as a solution for Tera‐Hertz technologies. Therefore the joint user and the throughput maximization problem with RIS‐assisted B5G/6G wireless network is investigated in this paper subject to power transmission, quality of service (QoS), and phase shift constraints. The proposed research work focuses on RIS‐assisted wireless transmission, to collaboratively improve the admitted users and the throughput for all users in comparison to a traditional communications platform. The problem formulated is non‐convex resulting in the mixed integer non‐linear programming (MINLP) problem. MINLP problems are NP‐hard problems. A mesh adaptive direct search (MADS) algorithm is proposed to solve this problem efficiently. Extensive simulation work validates the proposed algorithm, in a RIS‐assisted network. Results achieved from the simulation show that by incorporating RIS in a network, efficient resource allocation increases throughput and maximizes the admitted users in a wireless network. The proposed MADS algorithm outperforms the existing advanced algorithms and its computational complexity is also low.
Electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients at tertiary referral centers in Tehran: Hypermagnesemia as a marker of fatality: A retrospective cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mardani Sayna , Hakamifard Atousa , Aghazadeh Sarhangipour Kouros , Mardani Masoud 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsTo evaluate biochemical abnormalities and their association with the outcome of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients at a tertiary referral center in Iran.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on COVID‐19 patients who were admitted at tertiary referral centers in Tehran, Iran, from March 2021 to 2022. Demographic and biochemical laboratory data of the patients including blood sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were collected from patient treatment sheets of severe COVID‐19 patients admitted to a different ward of the hospital. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify the associated parameters with mortality.ResultsFour hundred and ninety‐nine patients with COVID‐19, including 287 males (57.5%), who had a mean age of 58.95 ± 16.60 years, were enrolled. Thirty‐eight patients (7.62%) died during hospitalization. The factors we found to be independently associated with an increased risk of in‐hospital death were having comorbidity (mortality of 94.7%, vs. 61% among those without comorbidity; odds ratio, 17.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.81–82.37), hypermagnesemia (34.2%, vs. 26.2% among those with normal magnesium; odds ratio, 9.71; 95% CI, 2.958–31.91), and having a male gender (34.2%, vs. 26.2% among those were female; odds ratio, 9.71; 95% CI, 2.958–31.91)ConclusionsHypermagnesemia, having a male gender, and the existence of comorbidity in patients with COVID‐19 is associated with an increase in mortality. Further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications need to be done.
Assessment of heat transfer in large parallel plates with a narrow gap maintained at a constant temperature
Authors: Mohanty Rajiva Lochan , Chaudhuri Sumanta , Chakraborty Paromita , Mishra Vijay Kumar , Sahu Kunja Bihari , Das Bitanjaya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigations are conducted on electromagnetohydrodynamic (EMHD) flow and heat transfer in a third‐grade fluid flowing through large parallel plates, which are maintained at constant temperatures. The impact of convective heat transmission is disregarded since the space between the plates is small. The influence of viscous dissipation is considered. Despite being addressed for Newtonian fluids, the conduction problem with the viscous dissipation effect is not examined in third‐grade fluids for EMHD flow and heat transfer behavior. The least‐square method is adopted to solve nondimensional, nonlinear momentum and energy conservation equations to get the dimensionless velocity, temperature distribution, and heat flux. Temperature and heat flux are investigated in relation to the third‐grade fluid parameter, the Hartmann number, the electric field parameter, and the Brinkman number. The findings show a rise in the Brinkman number dramatically increases heat transfer from both walls, necessitating cooling of both plates. The heat flow from both walls increases as the parameters of third‐grade fluid increases.
Antibody Libraries as Platforms to Exploring Target and Receptor Pleiotropy
Authors: Lin Chih‐Wei , Ho Han Kyung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become important classes in biopharmaceutical products. The selection of antibodies has traditionally been based on their binding affinity. New techniques and advancements in combinatorial antibody libraries have made it possible to isolate functional antibodies within cellular environments. These antibodies can act an agonist or antagonist provide valuable insights into the complexities of signal transduction and potentially leading to different cell responses or affecting cell behavior. Additionally, an in vivo selection system is utilized, which relies on cell migration to specific tissues, to generate antibodies that induce cells to differentiate and selectively migrate to particular tissues. Overall, the discovery of functional antibodies from antibody libraries has the potential to reveal receptor pleiotropism and pave opportunities to investigate cellular biology and uncover surprising discoveries in the areas of stem cells and cancer research.