bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Potential Linguistic Challenges do Pre-Service Teachers Identify in a Mathematical Expository Text?
Authors: Strohmaier Anselm R. , Albrecht Isabel , Schmitz Anke , Kuhl Poldi , Leiss Dominik 
Published: April 2023

AbstractLanguage is a crucial aspect of mathematical thinking and learning, and it is therefore essential for teachers to be equipped with the skills required for linguistically responsive teaching. This includes the ability to identify potential linguistic challenges in expository texts. In the present study, we investigated the ability of pre-service teachers (N = 115) to identify potential linguistic challenges in a mathematical expository text for ninth graders. Participants identified about 12% of the potential linguistic challenges that were previously identified by a reference expert group. They identified challenges more frequently that were on the word level and considered to be mathematics-specific by the experts. Subjective judgements of disciplinarity of the challenges differed between participants, and between participants and experts. No differences in the ability to identify potential linguistic challenges were found between participants who studied language arts (German or English) or mathematics as a subject. Our results indicate that pre-service teachers may not be adequately prepared to identify and respond to linguistic challenges in mathematical expository texts.
Comparative analysis of frictional behavior and mechanism of molybdenum ditelluride with different structures
Authors: Zhang Lina , Tan Xinfeng , Jiao Jianguo , Guo Dan , Luo Jianbin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have layered structures with excellent tribological properties. Since the energy difference between hexagonal-molybdenum ditelluride (2H-MoTe2) and distorted octahedral-molybdenum ditelluride (1T’-MoTe2) is very small among the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MoTe2 becomes one of the most promising candidates for phase engineering. In our experiment, we found that the friction force and friction coefficient (COF) of 2H-MoTe2 were an order of magnitude smaller than those of 1T’-MoTe2 by the atomic force microscope (AFM) experiments. The friction difference between 1T’-MoTe2 and 2H-MoTe2 was further verified in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the friction contrast is related to the difference in sliding energy barrier of the potential energy surface (PES) for a tip sliding across the surface. The PES obtained from the DFT calculation indicates that the maximum energy barrier and the minimum energy path (MEP) energy barrier of 2H-MoTe2 are both smaller than those of 1T’-MoTe2, which means that less energy needs to be dissipated during the sliding process. The difference in energy barrier of the PES could be ascribed to its larger interlayer spacing and weaker Mo–Te interatomic interactions within the layers of 2H-MoTe2 than those of 1T’-MoTe2. The obvious friction difference between 1T’-MoTe2 and 2H-MoTe2 not only provides a new non-destructive means to detect the phase transition by the AFM, but also provides a possibility to tune friction by controlling the phase transition, which has the potential to be applied in extreme environments such as space lubrication.
Stakeholder Involvement in the Governance of Human Genome Editing in Japan
Authors: Aikyo Tatsuki , Kogetsu Atsushi , Kato Kazuto 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Genome editing is a technology that can accurately and efficiently modify the genome of organisms, including the human genome. Although human genome editing (HGE) has many benefits, it also involves technical risks and ethical, legal, and social issues. Thus, the pros and cons of using this technology have been actively debated since 2015. Notably, the research community has taken an interest in the issue and has discussed it internationally. However, for the governance of HGE, the roles of government agencies and the general public are also important for an effective regulatory system. Here, we examine the roles of the research community, government, and public in the governance of HGE through an analysis of discussions in the Japanese Expert Panel on Bioethics. During the discussion of the research ethics review system, the professionalism of the research community and the pros and cons of state oversight have become issues for debate. Furthermore, through an examination of the overall policy-making process, three stakeholders are clearly involved in the governance of emerging medical technologies in the Expert Panel on Bioethics, a discussion forum established by government agencies. The contrast among these roles provides insight into the positive roles of government agencies and the research community and the conditions under which these roles are played. We also note that there are diverse actors in the public, which may have an impact on their participation. Our results may serve as a guide for countries and organizations to establish governance on emerging medical technologies.
Deep Learning for Head Pose Estimation: A Survey
Authors: Asperti Andrea , Filippini Daniele 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHead pose estimation (HPE) is an active and popular area of research. Over the years, many approaches have constantly been developed, leading to a progressive improvement in accuracy; nevertheless, head pose estimation remains an open research topic, especially in unconstrained environments. In this paper, we will review the increasing amount of available datasets and the modern methodologies used to estimate orientation, with a special attention to deep learning techniques. We will discuss the evolution of the field by proposing a classification of head pose estimation methods, explaining their advantages and disadvantages, and highlighting the different ways deep learning techniques have been used in the context of HPE. An in-depth performance comparison and discussion is presented at the end of the work. We also highlight the most promising research directions for future investigations on the topic.
Existence of solutions for resonant double phase problems with mixed boundary value conditions
Authors: Yang Yihao , Liu Wulong , Winkert Patrick , Yan Xingye 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe study a double phase problem with mixed boundary value conditions with reaction terms that resonate at the first eigenvalue of the related eigenvalue problem. Based on the maximum principle and homological local linking, we are going to prove the existence of at least two bounded nontrivial solutions for this problem.
Analysis of the vortex-dominated flow field over a delta wing at transonic speed
Authors: Di Fabbio T. , Tangermann E. , Klein M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe present work provides an advancement in the prediction of delta wing flow and an improved understanding of various flow physical phenomena which occur over the wing in transonic conditions. Scale-resolving simulations of the vortex-dominated flow around a sharp leading-edge VFE-2 wing have been performed using the SA-based IDDES model. The complex leading-edge vortex pattern with embedded shocks and subsequent shock-vortex interaction is investigated. A promising accuracy has been achieved using the high-fidelity flow field data provided by the scale-resolving simulation results. Besides the assessment of sensitivity to spatial and temporal resolution, physical aspects are presented, which are not accessible in experimental data in such detail and require scale-resolving simulation approaches. This includes the observation of the vortex system and the shocks in the fully three-dimensional flow field data. Finally, turbulence-related quantities such as eddy viscosity and resolved Reynolds-stresses and their behaviour during the vortex formation and sustaining process are analysed.
A Transnational Canon of African Literatures in Portuguese?: Mia Couto, José Eduardo Agualusa and the Circulation of Lusophone African Literature
Authors: Bucaioni Marco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfrican literatures in Portuguese were first canonized in the 1970s. During and in the wake of decolonization, the main force driving their internationalization was the solidarity with the struggle for liberation. This trend weakened, however, after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. At the same time, the 1990s marked a turn in the process of literary production that also corresponded with a shift in style, themes, and aesthetic inclination by a younger generation of writers. A few of these names became standard reference in the translational canon of these literatures: notably Mia Couto and José Eduardo Agualusa, the two most prominent beneficiaries of this system, alongside Paulina Chiziane, Germano Almeida, Pepetela, and Ondjaki. Offering a comparative mapping of this transnational canon alongside the publication and reception of these literatures in the Portuguese-speaking world will give us a better understanding of their relationship to world literature and of the functioning of the world literary consecration machine.
The Eurocentric Constant: An Approach to the Study of Mozambican Literature
Authors: Doval Helena González 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe study of Mozambican literature is present at various latitudes within the academic world. There are, however, different outlooks and interests that must be analyzed if we want to account for the epistemologies present when facing a postcolonial reality such as Mozambique. On the understanding that literary texts are codified cultural information and that academics function as legitimators of discourses, this article offers an analysis of a corpus of academic publications on Mozambican literature published between 1975 and 2018. It posits thereby the possible existence of a Eurocentric constant within academic knowledge production and proposes some paths of action that may be of relevant pedagogical and self-reflective potentiality to the investigative exercise itself.
Affective Polarization in the Canadian Party System, 1988–2021
Authors: Johnston Richard 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article brings three decades of broadly consistent survey data on survey respondents’ feelings about the parties as evidence of affective polarization. It also presents evidence about policy differences among the parties and makes an explicit link between elite and mass data with multilevel modelling. The article shows that affective polarization is real and also demonstrates its connection to the ideological landscape. But it also shows that conceptual categories originating in the United States must be adapted to Canada's multiparty system and to the continuing contrasts between Quebec and the rest of Canada. It suggests that accounts of Canada's twentieth-century party system may not apply to the twenty-first century.
La vérité saisie. L'enjeu de la perception entre Hegel et Jacobi
Authors: Chaput Emmanuel 
Published: April 2023

RésuméLe rapport qu'a entretenu G. W. F. Hegel avec la pensée de F. H. Jacobi a été constant. Il s'attarde avant tout à la question du savoir, de la vérité et de sa saisie, immédiate ou médiatisée. Or, l'un des concepts centraux à la pensée de Jacobi, et sur lequel se fonde en un sens sa conception du savoir immédiat, est celui de perception entendue comme saisie du vrai (Wahr-nehmen). C'est en partant de ce concept, largement discuté au chapitre deux de laPhénoménologie de l'esprit, que nous tenterons d’éclairer sous un angle inédit la critique hégélienne de Jacobi.
Total mean curvature surfaces in the product space and applications
Authors: Albujer Alma L. , da Silva Sylvia F. , dos Santos Fábio R. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe total mean curvature functional for submanifolds into the Riemannian product space $\mathbb{S}^n\times\mathbb{R}$ is considered and its first variational formula is presented. Later on, two second-order differential operators are defined and a nice integral inequality relating both of them is proved. Finally, we prove our main result: an integral inequality for closed stationary $\mathcal{H}$-surfaces in $\mathbb{S}^n\times\mathbb{R}$, characterizing the cases where the equality is attained.
Childhood maltreatment contributes to the medical morbidity of individuals with bipolar disorders
Authors: Godin Ophélia , Leboyer Marion , Grillault Laroche Diane , Aubin Valérie , Belzeaux Raoul , Courtet Philippe , Dubertret Caroline , Gard Sébastien , Haffen Emmanuel , Olie Emilie , Polosan Mircea , Roux Paul , Samalin Ludovic , Schwan Raymund ,   FondaMental Advanced Centers of Expertise in Bipolar Disorders (FACE-BD) Collaborators, Bellivier Frank , Etain Bruno 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with bipolar disorders (BD) are at risk of premature death, mainly due to medical comorbidities. Childhood maltreatment might contribute to this medical morbidity, which remains underexplored in the literature.MethodsWe assessed 2891 outpatients with BD (according to DSM-IV criteria). Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Lifetime diagnoses for medical disorders were retrospectively assessed using a systematic interview and checked against medical notes. Medical morbidity was defined by the sum of medical disorders. We investigated associations between childhood maltreatment (neglect and abuse) and medical morbidity while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOne quarter of individuals had no medical comorbidities, while almost half of them had at least two. Multivariable regression showed that childhood maltreatment (mainly abuse, but also sexual abuse) was associated with a higher medical morbidity. Medical morbidity was also associated with sex, age, body mass index, sleep disturbances, lifetime anxiety disorders and lifetime density of mood episodes. Childhood maltreatment was associated with an increased prevalence of four (i.e. migraine/headache, drug eruption, duodenal ulcer, and thyroid diseases) of the fifteen most frequent medical disorders, however with no difference in terms of age at onset.ConclusionsThis large cross-sectional study confirmed a high medical morbidity in BD and its association with childhood maltreatment. The assessment of childhood maltreatment in individuals with BD should be systematically included in routine care and the potential impact on physical health of psycho-social interventions targeting childhood maltreatment and its consequences should be evaluated.
Maternal protein restriction during the lactation period disrupts the ontogenetic development of behavioral traits in male Wistar rat offspring
Authors: de Oliveira-Silva Juliana , Lisboa Patrícia C. , Lotufo-Denucci Bruna , Fraga Mabel , de Moura Egberto G. , Nunes Fernanda C. , Ribeiro-Carvalho Anderson , Filgueiras Cláudio C. , Abreu-Villaça Yael , Manhães Alex C. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNeonatal undernutrition in rats results in short- and long-term behavioral and hormonal alterations in the offspring. It is not clear, however, whether these effects are present since the original insult or if they develop at some specific age later in life. Here, we assessed the ontogenetic profile of behavioral parameters associated with anxiety, exploration and memory/learning of Wistar rat offspring that were subjected to protein malnutrition during lactation. Dams and respective litters were separated into two groups: (1) protein-restricted (PR), which received a hypoproteic chow (8% protein) from birth to weaning [postnatal day (PN) 21]; (2) control (C), which received normoproteic chow. Offspring’s behaviors, corticosterone, catecholamines, T3 and T4 levels were assessed at PN21 (weaning), PN45 (adolescence), PN90 (young adulthood) or PN180 (adulthood). PR offspring showed an age-independent reduction in the levels of anxiety-like behaviors in the Elevated Plus Maze and better memory performance in the Radial Arm Water Maze. PR offspring showed peak exploratory activity in the Open Field earlier in life, at PN45, than C, which showed theirs at PN90. Corticosterone was reduced in PR offspring, particularly at young adulthood, while catecholamines were increased at weaning and adulthood. The current study shows that considerable age-dependent variations in the expression of the observed behaviors and hormonal levels exist from weaning to adulthood in rats, and that protein restriction during lactation has complex variable-dependent effects on the ontogenesis of the assessed parameters.
Evolution of Global Ocean Tide Levels Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Sulzbach R. , Klemann V. , Knorr G. , Dobslaw H. , Dümpelmann H. , Lohmann G. , Thomas M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study addresses the evolution of global tidal dynamics since the Last Glacial Maximum focusing on the extraction of tidal levels that are vital for the interpretation of geologic sea‐level markers. For this purpose, we employ a truly‐global barotropic ocean tide model which considers the non‐local effect of Self‐Attraction and Loading. A comparison to a global tide gauge data set for modern conditions yields agreement levels of 65%–70%. As the chosen model is data‐unconstrained, and the considered dissipation mechanisms are well understood, it does not have to be re‐tuned for altered paleoceanographic conditions. In agreement with prior studies, we find that changes in bathymetry during glaciation and deglaciation do exert critical control over the modeling results with minor impact by ocean stratification and sea ice friction. Simulations of 4 major partial tides are repeated in time steps of 0.5–1 ka and augmented by 4 additional partial tides estimated via linear admittance. These are then used to derive time series from which the tidal levels are determined and provided as a global data set conforming to the HOLSEA format. The modeling results indicate a strengthened tidal resonance by M2, but also by O1, under glacial conditions, in accordance with prior studies. Especially, a number of prominent changes in local resonance conditions are identified, that impact the tidal levels up to several meters difference. Among other regions, resonant features are predicted for the North Atlantic, the South China Sea, and the Arctic Ocean.
Air‐Sea Fluxes of CO2 in the Indian Ocean Between 1985 and 2018: A Synthesis Based on Observation‐Based Surface CO2, Hindcast and Atmospheric Inversion Models
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Sridevi B. , Metzl N. , Patra P. K. , Lachkar Z. , Chakraborty Kunal , Goyet C. , Levy M. , Mehari M. , Chandra N. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe Indian Ocean significantly influences the global carbon cycle but it is one of the undersampled regions with reference to surface ocean pCO2. As a part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes‐2 (RECCAP2) project, several approaches, such as interpolated observational climatology, hindcast model, observation‐based surface CO2 (empirical models), and atmospheric inversion models have been employed for estimating net sea‐to‐air CO2 fluxes between 1985 and 2018. The seasonal, spatial and long‐term variability in sea‐to‐air fluxes of CO2 were compared with observational climatology. The mean value of CO2 in the Indian Ocean (north of 37.5°S) for the period of 1985–2018 using all models is estimated to be −0.19 ± 0.1 PgC yr−1 and it is consistent with the observational climatology (−0.07 ± 0.14 PgC yr−1). The Indian Ocean north of 18°S is found to be the mean annual source (0.04 ± 0.05 PgC yr−1) whereas a net sink (−0.23 ± 0.11 PgC yr−1) in the south of 18°S. All models captured observed spatial patterns but underestimated the net source of CO2 in the Oman/Somalia upwelling, the Equatorial Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal whereas CO2 sink is overestimated in the South Indian Ocean. Overall, all models captured the seasonality in pCO2 levels and CO2 fluxes but overestimated the amplitude of their variability. All models suggested the strengthening of the sink over the period between 1985 and 2018 by 0.02 PgC yr−1 decade−1. A significant increase in the collection of surface ocean pCO2 and atmospheric CO2 measurements improves the model simulations in the Indian Ocean.
Diverging Northern Hemisphere Trends in Meteorological Versus Ecological Indicators of Spring Onset in CMIP6
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Ault Toby , Evans Colin P. , Lehner Flavio , Carrillo Carlos M. , Donnelly Alison , Crimmins Theresa , Gallinat Amanda S. , Schwartz Mark D. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlant phenology regulates the carbon cycle and land‐atmosphere coupling. Currently, climate models often disagree with observations on the seasonal cycle of vegetation growth, partially due to how spring onset is measured and simulated. Here we use both thermal and leaf area index (LAI) based indicators to characterize spring onset in CMIP6 models. Although the historical timing varies considerably across models, most agree that spring has advanced in recent decades and will continue to arrive earlier with future warming. Across the Northern Hemisphere for the periods 1950–2014, 1981–2014, and 2015–2099 in the historical and SSP5‐8.5 simulations, thermal‐based indicators estimate spring advances of −0.7 ± 0.2, −1.4 ± 0.4, and −2.4 ± 0.7 days/decade, while LAI‐based indicators estimate −0.4 ± 0.3, −0.1 ± 0.3, and −1±1.1 days/decade. Thereby, LAI‐based indicators exhibit weaker trends toward earlier onset, leading to uncertainties from different indices being as large or larger than model uncertainty. Reconciling these discrepancies is critical for understanding future changes in spring onset.
Simulations of Halos Produced by Carbon Dioxide Ice Crystals in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Ding Jiachen , Yang Ping , Lemmon Mark T. , Zhang Yuheng 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIt has been known for decades that carbon dioxide (CO2) ice clouds exist in the Martian atmosphere. According to remote sensing observations and previous modeling studies, the Martian CO2 ice crystals may be sufficiently large to generate halos. However, observations of CO2 ice crystal halos have not been reported so far. This study simulates the scattering and polarized phase functions at a wavelength of 0.48 μm based on state‐of‐the‐art light‐scattering computational capabilities. The specific CO2 ice crystal habits considered in the simulations include cubes, octahedrons, cubo‐octahedrons, and truncated octahedrons of various sizes. The halos produced by CO2 ice crystals peak at approximately 29° and 42°. Moreover, large CO2 ice crystals may cause strong scattering peaks at 155° and 180°. An ensemble of water (H2O) ice crystals and CO2 ice crystals with appropriate mixing fractions might be responsible for a halo occurrence recently observed on Mars.