bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ramsey theory constructions from hypergraph matchings
Authors: Joos Felix , Mubayi Dhruv 
Published: January 2023

We give asymptotically optimal constructions in generalized Ramsey theory using results about conflict-free hypergraph matchings. For example, we present an edge-coloring of

K

n
,
n

K_{n,n}

with

2
n

/

3
+
o
(
n
)

2n/3 + o(n)

colors such that each

4
4

-cycle receives at least three colors on its edges. This answers a question of Axenovich, Füredi and the second author [J. Combin. Theory Ser B 79 (2000), pp. 66–86]. We also exhibit an edge-coloring of

K
n

K_n

with

5
n

/

6
+
o
(
n
)

5n/6+o(n)

colors that assigns each copy of

K
4

K_4

at least five colors. This gives an alternative very short solution to an old question of Erdős and Gyárfás [Combinatorica 17 (1997), pp. 459–467] that was recently answered by Bennett, Cushman, Dudek, and Prałat [J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 169 (2024), pp. 253–297] by analyzing a colored modification of the triangle removal process.
Social Environmental Predictors of Lapse in Dietary Behavior: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Amongst Dutch Adults Trying to Lose Weight
Authors: Roordink Eline M , Steenhuis Ingrid H M , Kroeze Willemieke , Hoekstra Trynke , Jacobs Nele , van Stralen Maartje M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
When losing weight, most individuals find it difficult to maintain a healthy diet. Social environmental conditions are of pivotal importance in determining dietary behavior. To prevent individuals from lapsing, insight in social environmental predictors of lapse in dietary behavior is needed.

Purpose
Identify social environmental predictors of lapse in dietary behavior, using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) amongst Dutch adults trying to lose weight.

Methods
Adults (N = 81) participated in two 7-day EMA weeks. Six times a day semi-random prompts were sent. At each prompt, participants indicated whether a lapse had occurred and responded to questions assessing social support, descriptive norm, injunctive norm, social pressure, presence of others, and current location. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations with lapse.

Results
Injunctive norm (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03–1.11), descriptive norm (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02–1.07), and social pressure (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05–1.14), all toward diverting from diet plans, predicted lapses. Social support toward sticking to diet plans and presence of others did not predict lapses. When controlling for a prior lapse, all other associations became nonsignificant. Lapses occurred most often at home and gradually occurred more often during the day.

Conclusions
Traditional public health perspectives have mainly focused on individual choice and responsibility for overweight related unhealthy lifestyles. This study shows that there may be opportunities to enhance intervention programs by also focusing on social norms and social pressure. The involvement of partners or housemates may create more awareness of the impact of (unintentional) social pressure on risk of lapsing, and reduce the level of exerted social pressure.
A life in dark times
Authors: Villa Dana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This chapter traces Arendt’s trajectory from her birth in Königsberg, East Prussia in 1906 to her death in New York in 1975. It describes her study of philosophy with Heidegger and Jaspers in the 1920s; her initiation into politics with the rise of the Nazi movement in the early 1930s; her escape from Germany and her sojourn in Paris; and her eventual arrival in America in 1941. The chapter then provides context and background for some of her major works, including Origins of Totalitarianism, The Human Condition, Eichmann in Jerusalem, and The Life of the Mind.
Political freedom, the public realm, and the vita activa
Authors: Villa Dana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The chapter discusses Arendt’s best-known contribution to political theory, The Human Condition (1958). It describes what she means by “the human condition” and why she eschews any appeal to “human nature.” The chapter explains why Arendt thought that the three activities—labor, work, and action—that traditionally comprised the vita activa (or active life) had undergone profound and disturbing changes in the modern age. These changes charted not just an inversion of their traditional ranking (with political action deemed the highest of human activities, and labor the lowest), but also their denaturing as the economic “life process” of society came to be increasingly channeled into the public realm.
A wider spectrum of avoidance and tolerance mechanisms explained ozone sensitivity of two white poplar ploidy levels
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , Li Guolei , Feng Zhaozhong , Liu Yong , Yuan Xiangyang , Uscola Mercedes 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background and Aims
Polyploidization can improve plant mass yield for bioenergy support, yet few studies have investigated ozone (O3) sensitivity linked to internal regulatory mechanisms at different ploidy levels.

Methods
Diploid and triploid Populus tomentosa plants were exposed to ambient and ambient plus 60 ppb [O3]. We explored their differences in sensitivity (leaf morphological, physiological and biochemical traits, and plant mass) as well as mechanisms of avoidance (stomatal conductance, xanthophyll cycle, thermal dissipation) and tolerance (ROS scavenging system) in response to O3 at two developmental phases.

Key Results
Triploid plants had the highest plant growth under ambient O3, even under O3 fumigation. However, triploid plants were the most sensitive to O3 and under elevated O3 showed the largest decreases in photosynthetic capacity and performance, as well as increased shoot:root ratio, and the highest lipid peroxidation. Thus, plant mass production could be impacted in triploid plants under long-term O3 contamination. Both diploid and triploid plants reduced stomatal aperture in response to O3, thereby reducing O3 entrance, yet only in diploid plants was reduced stomatal aperture associated with minimal (non-significant) damage to photosynthetic pigments and lower lipid peroxidation.

Conclusions
Tolerance mechanisms of plants of both ploidy levels mainly focused on the enzymatic reduction of hydrogen peroxide through catalase and peroxidase, yet these homeostatic regulatory mechanisms were higher in diploid plants. Our study recommends triploid white poplar as a bioenergy species only under short-term O3 contamination. Under continuously elevated O3 over the long term, diploid white poplar may perform better.
Improving the enzymatic activity ofl-amino acid α-ligase for imidazole dipeptide production by site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Kino Kuniki , Komabayashi Takuma , Hashida Ayaka , Kuramoto Ayumu 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTImidazole dipeptides, histidine-containing dipeptides, including carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine), anserine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine), and balenine (β-alanyl-1-methyl-l-histidine) in animal muscles have physiological functions, such as significant antioxidant and antifatigue effects. They are obtained by extraction from natural raw materials, including chicken and fish meat. However, using natural raw materials entails stable supply and mass production limitations. l-amino acid α-ligase (Lal) catalyzes the formation of various dipeptides from unprotected l-amino acids by conjugating with adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis reaction. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis of Lal was applied to establish an efficient method for producing imidazole dipeptides by the enzymatic process. We significantly improved the conversion rate from substrate amino acids compared with wild-type Lal.
Characterization of hydantoin-5-propionic acid amidohydrolase involved in ergothioneine utilization inBurkholderiasp. HME13
Authors: Muramatsu Hisashi , Koujitani Akihito , Yamada Masaaki , Maguchi Hiroki , Kashiwagi Takehiro , Kato Shin-ichiro 
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACTIn our previous study, ertABC genes encoding ergothionase, thiourocanate hydratase, and 3-(5-oxo-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-yl) propionic acid desulfhydrase were identified, all of which may be involved in ergothioneine utilization of Burkholderia sp. HME13. In this study, we identify the ertD gene encoding metal-dependent hydantoin-5-propionic acid amidohydrolase in this strain. Mn2+-containing ErtD showed maximum activity at 45 °C and pH 8.5 and was stable at temperatures up to 45 °C. The Km and Vmax values of Mn2+-containing ErtD for hydantoin-5-propionic acid were 2.8 m m and 16 U/mg, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed that ertD expression levels in Burkholderia sp. HME13 cells cultivated in ergothioneine medium were 3.3-fold higher than those in cells cultivated in Luria–Bertani (LB) medium. ErtD activity in the crude extract from Burkholderia sp. HME13 cells cultured in ergothioneine medium was 0.018 U/mg, whereas that in LB medium was not detected. Accordingly, we suggest that ErtD is involved in ergothioneine utilization in this strain.
DeepGpgs: a novel deep learning framework for predicting arginine methylation sites combined with Gaussian prior and gated self-attention mechanism
Authors: Zhou Haiwei , Tan Wenxi , Shi Shaoping 
Published: January 2023

AbstractProtein arginine methylation is an important posttranslational modification (PTM) associated with protein functional diversity and pathological conditions including cancer. Identification of methylation binding sites facilitates a better understanding of the molecular function of proteins. Recent developments in the field of deep neural networks have led to a proliferation of deep learning-based methylation identification studies because of their fast and accurate prediction. In this paper, we propose DeepGpgs, an advanced deep learning model incorporating Gaussian prior and gated attention mechanism. We introduce a residual network channel to extract the evolutionary information of proteins. Then we combine the adaptive embedding with bidirectional long short-term memory networks to form a context-shared encoder layer. A gated multi-head attention mechanism is followed to obtain the global information about the sequence. A Gaussian prior is injected into the sequence to assist in predicting PTMs. We also propose a weighted joint loss function to alleviate the false negative problem. We empirically show that DeepGpgs improves Matthews correlation coefficient by 6.3% on the arginine methylation independent test set compared with the existing state-of-the-art methylation site prediction methods. Furthermore, DeepGpgs has good robustness in phosphorylation site prediction of SARS-CoV-2, which indicates that DeepGpgs has good transferability and the potential to be extended to other modification sites prediction. The open-source code and data of the DeepGpgs can be obtained from https://github.com/saizhou1/DeepGpgs.
Engineering Vengeful Effervescence: Lynching Rituals and Religious–Political Power in Pakistan
Authors: Asif Muhammad , Weenink Don , Mascini Peter 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Based on case studies of seven (attempted) lynchings in Pakistan, we argue that they can be considered lynching rituals, which are instrumental in a context of political strife. ‘Shrpsnd anasr’ (agitators) play an important role as ritual engineers; they assemble crowds by spreading rumours and vocalizing accusations, use rhythmic chanting and slogan repetition to generate a shared vengeful mood and focus the crowd’s attention on the (fabricated) encroachment of a moral imperative (notably blasphemy). We conclude that the vengeful effervescence generated in lynching rituals strengthens the clientelistic interdependency networks of religious–political leaders. The contribution of our study lies in demonstrating the importance of bodily practices in lynching rituals and their instrumental political value for both masses and political leaders.
288 Once-daily crisaborole as a long-term maintenance treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: A 52-week clinical trial
Authors: Gower Richard , Xu JinHua , Alam Maryam S , Su John C , Myers Daniela E , Sanders Paul , Vlahos Bonnie , Zang Chuanbo , Lan Jar , Werth John  
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) often fail to achieve lasting disease control despite patient adherence, with safety concerns limiting the long-term use of many therapies. Crisaborole ointment, 2%, is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild-to-moderate AD. Crisaborole has the potential as a long-term maintenance therapy. To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of crisaborole once daily as a maintenance treatment to reduce the incidence of flares in patients who had achieved response with treatment with crisaborole twice daily. CrisADe CONTROL (NCT04040192) was a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, 52-week, phase 3 study of patients aged ≥ 3 months with mild-to-moderate AD involving ≥ 5% treatable body surface area. In an open-label run-in period, patients received crisaborole twice daily for up to 8 weeks. Patients who achieved success per Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA; ISGA score of 0 [clear] or 1 [almost clear] with a ≥ 2-grade improvement from baseline) and ≥ 50% reduction from baseline on the Eczema Area and Severity Index during the run-in were randomly assigned to receive blinded crisaborole or vehicle once daily during the 52-week maintenance period. Patients who experienced a flare (ISGA score ≥2) during the maintenance period switched to crisaborole twice daily for up to 12 weeks (assessed every 4 weeks); if the flare resolved (ISGA score ≤ 1), patients resumed their blinded once-daily treatment. Endpoints included flare-free maintenance until the onset of the first flare (primary), the number of days without flare and the number of flares. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was also evaluated. Of 270 randomly assigned patients, 135 were assigned to crisaborole and 135 to a vehicle once daily. The median time of flare-free maintenance was longer for patients treated with crisaborole vs. vehicle (111 vs. 30 days, respectively; P = 0.0034). The mean number of flare-free days was higher for patients treated with crisaborole vs. vehicle (234.0 vs. 199.4, respectively; P = 0.0346). The mean number of flares was lower for patients treated with crisaborole vs. vehicle (0.95 vs. 1.36, respectively; P = 0.0042). Crisaborole was well tolerated, with no unexpected safety findings or new safety signals when used as a maintenance treatment for 52 weeks. Once-daily treatment with crisaborole was effective and well tolerated for long-term maintenance treatment and flare reduction in adult and paediatric patients with mild-to-moderate AD.
315 A patient survey to identify atopic dermatitis prescription treatment access barriers
Authors: Loiselle Allison R , Thibau Isabelle J C , Guadalupe Michele , Butler Lisa , Begolka Wendy Smith 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most prevalent form of eczema and is a chronic disease with a relapsing-remitting nature. Multiple treatment options exist, yet little is known about patients’ ability to obtain recommended prescription treatments. The aim of this web-based survey was to ascertain the frequency, causes and patient impact of insurance delays and denials for AD prescription treatments. Adult AD patients (18 + years) or caregivers of pediatric AD patients were recruited to complete a survey about experiences with prescription treatment access in the last 12 months. Responses from 1234 AD patients (42.0 ± 16.7 years) and 248 caregivers (8.5 ± 4.7 years) were included in the analysis; 55.4% (n = 680) reported moderate or severe AD. Overall, there were 789 insurance delays or denials for AD prescriptions, with 37.0% (457/1234) of respondents experiencing at least one in the past 12 months. Overall, the majority of delays/denials were for topical steroids (38.3%; 302/789), which is likely due to the high number of patients using one or more topical steroid prescriptions (82.5%; 1018/1234). However, the highest individual drug class burden was on biologics, for which 38.7% of all prescriptions (122/315) faced a delay or denial. Coverage denials were caused primarily by step therapy (25.5%), and delays by prior authorization (61.1%), and only 62.0% of respondents said they would know what to do if they faced an issue getting a prescription covered by their insurer. Patient-reported impacts of prescription denials and delays included: AD flares (85.0%; n = 255), needing alternate medications (72.3%; n = 217), emergency care (49.0%; n = 147) and giving up on treatment altogether (59.0%; n = 177). Patients with AD and their families frequently experience issues obtaining recommended therapies which can result in detrimental health and quality of life impacts. As many as one-third of patients may not know how to respond if their prescriptions are met with insurance delays or denials, further exacerbating those impacts. These data may help identify strategies to improve timely and beneficial therapeutic access.
318 Facilitating mentorship for caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis: the supporting eczema caregivers initiative
Authors: Tu Michelle , Amaro Lauren , Kidder Bennett , Kelley Keri , Capozza Korey , Schwartz Alan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Caregivers of children with atopic dermatitis (AD) report high levels of stress, feelings of failure and isolation, and a need for social support. These socioemotional effects accumulate over time, often resulting in dramatic changes in career, finances and social activities for caregivers and families when childhood AD is poorly controlled. Psychosocial support and supportive relationships are critical to handling stressful life events. The present study assesses a psychosocial support programme for parents of children with AD. This mentorship program’s primary objective was to promote improvements in stress, resilient coping and loneliness among AD caregivers. Participants were randomized to an email-only group (n = 40) or a one-to-one mentorship pairing (n = 17). We collected measures of stress, coping resilience, loneliness, AD severity and program satisfaction at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. Eczema severity significantly decreased overall from baseline to 6 weeks (P &lt; 0.001) and remained decreased at 12 weeks (P &lt; 0.001 vs. baseline). There was no significant difference between groups or change in stress, resilience or loneliness over time. Qualitative data demonstrated high program satisfaction. While there was no change in loneliness, resilience or stress, we found a reduction in self-reported eczema symptoms. Continued reduction in these symptoms could affect the overall quality of life, which in turn could yield improved measures of loneliness, resilience and stress.
323 Onset of atopic comorbidities relative to atopic dermatitis diagnosis in a real-world setting using an Israeli claims database
Authors: Leshem Yael , Becker Allan , Busse William W , Beck Lisa A , Weil Clara , Daoud Moataz , Lubwama Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are more likely than the general population to have other type 2 associated conditions, for example, asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) and food allergy (FA).1,2 Classically, the atopic march is thought to begin with AD and progresses to FA, asthma and AR,1,2 but this may be an oversimplification. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of type 2 associated conditions included in the atopic march among patients newly diagnosed with AD in a large healthcare provider database in Israel. This retrospective cohort study was performed using the Maccabi Healthcare Services database in Israel, which includes over 2.5 million members. Based on the International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9) diagnosis codes, patients with diagnosed AD during 2000–2019 were identified. The earliest AD diagnosis was defined as the index date and patients had to have been enrolled for ≥12 months pre-index to exclude prevalent AD. Diagnosis data were obtained during 1998–2020 to describe the cumulative prevalence of asthma, AR and FA pre- and post-AD diagnosis (−1, 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 years) using Kaplan–Meier analysis among patients aged &lt;3, 3–5, 6–11, 12–17 and ≥18 years at AD diagnosis. The study included 243,687 patients (51.6% female) with AD. The median (interquartile range) age at AD diagnosis was 4.3 (1.1–22.8) years, with 43.9% and 72.7% of patients diagnosed before age 3 and 18 years, respectively. At AD diagnosis, 28.1% had a prior/concurrent diagnosis of asthma/AR/FA (asthma: 17.1%, AR: 12.8%, FA: 3.4%). Among patients diagnosed with AD at age &lt;3 years, 16.2% had been diagnosed with asthma/AR/FA by/at the time of their AD diagnosis (asthma: 10.6%, AR: 2.2%, FA: 4.9%). In this youngest age group, the cumulative prevalences of asthma/AR/FA were 28.8%, 42.7%, 49.6% and 59.6% within 1, 5, 10 and 20 years post-AD diagnosis. Among patients diagnosed with AD in adulthood, 37.7% had been diagnosed with asthma/AR/FA by/at the time they were diagnosed with AD (asthma: 16.5%, AR: 29.7%, FA: 0.8%). It this oldest age group, the cumulative prevalences of asthma/AR/FA were 40.3%, 46.1%, 50.9% and 57.6% within 1, 5, 10 and 20 years post-AD diagnosis. The results of this real-world analysis are consistent with previous evidence that AD is primarily a childhood-onset disease. The sharpest increase in type 2 associated conditions was seen in the 5 years post-AD diagnosis among patients diagnosed with AD at age &lt;3 years. Most adults newly diagnosed with AD who developed another type 2 associated condition had already done so prior to AD diagnosis, although it is possible that earlier AD diagnoses were not captured. Regardless of age at AD diagnosis, nearly 60% of patients with AD were estimated to have ≥1 of asthma/AR/FA within 20 years of their AD diagnosis.
Feasibility and effectiveness of segmentectomy versus wedge resection for clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Akamine Takaki , Yotsukura Masaya , Yoshida Yukihiro , Nakagawa Kazuo , Yatabe Yasushi , Watanabe Shun-ichi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractOBJECTIVESWith recent improvements in surgical techniques for segmentectomy, we hypothesized that segmentectomy is feasible and more effective than wedge resection for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared perioperative and oncological outcomes for segmentectomy and wedge resection.METHODSWe performed a retrospective analysis of 720 patients who underwent sublobar resection (segmentectomy, 479; wedge resection, 241) for clinical stage 0 or I NSCLC from January 2017 to June 2020. An adequate surgical margin was defined as a surgical margin distance of ≥2 cm or ≥ the total tumour size. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method for clinical stage IA.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in the rate of major (grade ≥III) complications between segmentectomy (1.7%) and wedge resection (1.2%) (P = 0.76). The probability of obtaining adequate surgical margins was significantly higher with segmentectomy (71.4%) versus wedge resection (59.5%) (P = 0.002), and the difference was especially prominent for clinical stage IA2 (75.3% vs 56.9%; P = 0.012). Among patients with clinical stage IA, segmentectomy significantly improved the RFS compared with wedge resection (hazard ratio 2.7; 95% confidence interval 1.60–4.61; log-rank P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis based on the tumour status revealed that segmentectomy had a better RFS in clinical stage IA2 (P &lt; 0.001) and in pure-solid tumours (P = 0.022) than wedge resection.CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate that segmentectomy is a feasible procedure with comparable safety outcomes and better surgical margins and cancer control than wedge resection, particularly for clinical stage IA2 NSCLC.