bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Welding fault detection and diagnosis using One-Class SVM
with distance substitution kernels and random convolutional
kernel transform
Authors: Amine Melakhsou Abdallah , Batton-Hubert Mireille , Casoetto Nicolas 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Welding defect detection is still often performed by the human visual inspection or with non destructive tests. These quality inspections methods can be time consuming and can have an important error rate. In this paper, we propose an approach for the detection of welding faults through the detection of abnormal subsequences of the welding voltage signal. The approach is based on the One-Class SVM with distance substitution kernels. The One Class-SVM has been used in many works for the detection of abnormal subsequences. However, often after transforming the subsequences into a set of features. Nevertheless, finding the relevant features for anomaly detection may be challenging. Dealing with the raw subsequences in distance-based approaches, on the other hand, are known to be effective and can generalize well to different problems but they often suffer from high computational cost, which may restrict their application, especially with the need of real time predictions in an industrial context. We show in this work that the One-Class SVM can be successfully used directly with the raw subsequences. This is achieved by employing distance substitution kernels. These class of kernels has not yet gained widespread adoption for time series anomaly detection. The results show that the approach is both accurate and fast, which makes it more suitable for real-time welding monitoring. We further propose an approach for automatic diagnosis of welding defects.
Safety and Efficacy of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors in fetal growth restriction: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Ying , Un Ella Man-Wai , Bai Ying , Chan Man Keong , Zeng Luo Xin , Lei Sut Leng , Li Junjun , Ung Carolina Oi Lam 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
The efficacy and safety of phosphodiesterase-5(PDE-5) inhibitors in the management of fetal growth restriction (FGR) remains inconclusive and new evidence continues to emerge. This study aimed to evaluate the most recent evidence about the clinical outcomes and safety profiles of PDE-5 inhibitors used to manage FGR.
Methods
Eight databases were searched for articles published in English and Chinese from the database inception to 30th September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the use of PDE-5 inhibitors in FGR were included. Odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) (95% confidence intervals) were pooled for analysis.
Results
From 229 citations identified, 16 studies involving 1492 pregnant women met the inclusion criteria. Only sildenafil (15 RCTs) and tadalafil (1 RCT) were investigated for their use in FGR. Sildenafil use was associated with an increase in birth weight (MD:164.07, 95%CI:61.55-266.59), pregnancy prolongation (MD:6.09,95%CI:2.15–10.03) and umbilical artery pulsatility indices (MD: -0.24, 95%CI: -0.32 - -0.15). However, sildenafil also had an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension in newborns (OR:4.37, 95%CI:1.49–12.80), as well as headache (OR:5.57, 95%CI:2.89–10.72) and flushing/rash in mothers (OR:5.11, 95%CI:2.08–12.53). No clinical differences in gestation age, perinatal mortality or major neonatal morbidity, stillbirth, neonate death, infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit, intraventricular hemorrhage and necrotizing enterocolitis in infants were reported with the use of sildenafil. There was no evidence of any increase in the risk of pregnancy hypertension and gastrointestinal side effects in mothers. Subgroup analyses by age showed similar significant effects of sildenafil on birth weight for mothers younger than 30 years old (MD:198.6, 95%CI:19.95-377.25) and those aged 30 years or older (MD:82.73, 95%CI:7.14-158.32). However, no significant effect was observed for pregnancy prolongation.
Conclusions
The evidence from this review indicates that PDE-5 inhibitors improve birth weight and duration of pregnancy without causing severe maternal side effects. However, it has been shown that sildenafil can also increase the risk of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. It remains uncertain whether the benefits of PDE-5 inhibitors in FGR outweighs the risks and further investigation with larger studies is warranted.
Tilt Angle Filter Effect on Noise Cancelation and Structural Edges Detection in Hydrocarbon Sources in a Gravitational Potential Field
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Aliakbar , Khah Nasser Keshavarz Faraj , Kianoush Pooria , Arjmand Yaser , Ebrahimabadi Arash , Jamshidi Emad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Noise cancelation is the process done to remove out-of-range anomalies and make better edge boundaries interpretation. One of the most challenging issues in describing gravitational maps is separating the anomalies related to shallow sources from the deep ones. Furthermore, Existing noise can make it arduous to separate shallow blurred boundaries. In this study in SE Iran, gravitational surveying was carried out in shallow areas from the west of Qeshm to the Hormuz islands in a regular network with a distance of one kilometer. The range of gravitational Bouguer was -297 to -330 mGal. Modeling and determining geometrical parameters revealed five negative anomalies from salt penetration. The residual gravity was computed by deducting gravitational effects related to deep sources from measured gravitational data. The hyperbolic tangent function was preferred by comparing the results and employing the tilt angle filter on different gravitational field maps using numerical coding. Correspondingly, estimating the boundary and edge of the subsurface masses will be better than local filters, and anomalies will be highlighted with more intensity. Furthermore, three major fault systems in the Zagros basin were determined as the primary origin of activity and expansion of Hormuz salt. Sensitivity analysis was employed utilizing analytical signals and maps of tilt angle filtering, which both revealed the same satisfying results of -297 to -330 mGal. In this article, the effect of the tilt angle local phase filter on a synthetic model was accomplished through numerical coding. Then the results were analyzed on the gravity data.
How do trial teams plan for retention during the design stage of the trial? A scoping review
Authors: Murphy Ellen , Gillies Katie , Shiely Frances 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Retention to trials is important to ensure the results of the trial are valid and reliable. The SPIRIT guidelines (18b) require “plans to promote participant retention and complete follow-up, including list of any outcome data to be collected for participants who discontinue or deviate from intervention protocols” be included in trial protocols. The evidence for inclusion of this retention information in protocols is absent. The purpose of our scoping review is to establish if, and how, trial teams report plans for retention during the design stage of the trial.
Methods
A scoping review with searches in key databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Web of Science from 2014-2019 inclusive) to identify randomised controlled trial protocols. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to synthesise results.
Results
Eight-hundred and twenty-four protocols met our inclusion criteria. Definitive RCTs (n=722) and pilot and feasibility trial protocols (n=102) reported using the SPIRIT guidelines during protocol development 35% and 34.3% of the time respectively. Of these protocols, only 9.5% and 11.4% respectively reported all aspects of SPIRIT item 18b “plans to promote participant retention and to complete follow-up, including list of any outcome data for participants who discontinue or deviate from intervention protocols”.
Of the definitive RCT protocols, 36.8% included proactive “plans to promote participant retention”. Most protocols planned ‘combined strategies’ (48.1%). Of these, the joint most commonly reported were “reminders and data collection location and method” and “reminders and monetary incentives”. The most popular individual retention strategy was “reminders” (14.7%) followed by “monetary incentives- conditional” (10.2%). Of the pilot and feasibility protocols, 40.2% included proactive “plans to promote participant retention” with the use of ‘combined strategies’ being most frequent (46.3%). The use of “monetary incentives – conditional” (22%) was the most popular individual reported retention strategy.
Conclusion
There is a lack of communication of plans to promote participant retention in trial protocols. Proactive planning of retention strategies during the trial design stage is preferable to the reactive implementation of retention strategies. Prospective retention planning and clear communication in protocols may inform more suitable choice, costing and implementation of retention strategies and improve transparency in trial conduct.
Rule-based Reinforcement Learning for Lane Change Decision-making: A Risk Assessment Approach
Authors: Xiong Lu , Zhong Danyang , Xu Puhang , Tang Chen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
To solve problems of poor security guarantee and insufficient training efficiency in the conventional reinforcement learning methods for decision-making, this study proposes a hybrid framework to combine deep reinforcement learning with rule-based decision-making methods. A risk assessment model for lane-change maneuver considering uncertain prediction of surrounding vehicles is established as a safety filter to improve the learning efficiency while corrects dangerous actions for safety enhancement. On this basis, a Risk-fused DDQN is constructed utilizing the model-based risk assessment and supervision mechanism. The proposed reinforcement learning algorithm sets up a separate experience buffer for dangerous trials and punishes such actions, which is shown to improve the sampling efficiency and training outcomes. Compared with conventional DDQN methods, the proposed algorithm improves the convergence value of cumulated reward by 7.6\% and 2.2\% in the two constructed scenarios in the simulation study, and reduces the number of training episodes by 52.2\% and 66.8\% respectively. The success rate of lane change is improved by 57.3\% while the time headway is increased at least by 16.5\% in real vehicle tests, which confirms the higher training efficiency, scenario adaptability and security of the proposed Risk-fused DDQN.
Field study on ventilation rate and COVID-19 infection risks in an office building in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Gong Xiaoqiang , Bu Zengwen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The current cases and studies show that the aerosol propagation of COVID-19 is possible in the office building. Reduction of the staff’ exposure risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the office building, i.e., daily office area and conference room is of prime importance during pandemic and the normalization. In this study, the main influencing factors of the exposure risk of SARS-CoV-2, including working density, dwell time and fresh air volume per person, were field measured in three office areas and three conference rooms of an office building in Shenzhen, China. And the field monitored CO2 data were used to estimate the possibility of COVID-19 infection in offices and conference rooms. The conference room with working density of 2.84 ~ 4.86m2/per presents a more crowded environment than the office area with working density of 7.7 ~ 10.15m2/per, twice the design working density. The ventilation rate of the office building is far lower than the rate of CO2 exhaled by people, resulting in the continuous accumulation of CO2 concentration, and the fresh air volume of 30 m3/(h·per) in the office building is verified to be in line with the actual situation in the paper. The conference room with an average infection risk of 2.77 × 10 − 2 is larger than the office with an average infection risk of 1.53 × 10 − 2 when the mask is not worn, and the infection risk in the office building can be reduced by 74% when the mask is worn. The results show that the number of staff, ventilation rate and office hours are all important factors affecting the infection risk of workers in office building environment, but the existing literature rarely considers these three points at the same time. On the contrary, the paper adopts the method of assessing the infection risk from place to place, time to time and person to person in the building environment, providing early warning for office buildings and helping to control the spread of airborne diseases.
Salivary fluoride concentrations following toothbrushing with experimental toothpaste containing S-PRG filler
Authors: Hirose Mina , Murata Yukie , Fukuda Atsushi , Fujita Yusuke , Yahata Shoko , Kaji Minako , Saitog Masato 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Single-blind, nine case comparative studies were conducted to evaluate salivary fluoride concentrations following toothbrushing using experimental toothpastes containing Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-ionomer (S-PRG) fillers. Preliminary tests were conducted in order to determine the volume of usage as well as the concentrations (wt%) of S-PRG filler. Based on the results given these experiments, we compared the salivary fluoride concentrations following toothbrushing with 0.5 g of 4 different types of toothpastes: 5 wt % S-PRG filler, 1400 ppm F AmF (amine fluoride), 1500 ppm F NaF (sodium fluoride), and MFP (monofluorophosphate) containing toothpaste.
Methods: Of the 12 participants, 7 participated in the preliminary study and 8 participated in the main study. All participants brushed their teeth using the scrubbing method for 2 minutes. At first 1.0 and 0.5 g of 20 wt % S-PRG filler toothpastes were used to compare, then followed by 0.5 g of 0 (control), 1, and 5 wt % S-PRG toothpastes, respectively. ThepParticipants spat out once and rinsed with 15 mL of distilled water for 5 seconds. Saliva was collected for 3 minutes each at different time intervals of 0 (baseline), 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes (min) after the rinsing. Fluoride concentrations were determined using a fluoride-electrode, and the area under the curve (AUC: ppm‧min) of each toothpaste was calculated as the salivary fluoride retention. The main study was then conducted to evaluate the salivary fluoride concentrations as well as the AUC value using 0.5 g of 5 wt % S-PRG filler toothpaste, followed by NaF, MFP, and AmF toothpaste.
Results: Since there were no statistical differences between using 1.0 g and 0.5 g of 20 wt % S-PRG toothpastes in salivary fluoride concentrations as well as the AUC value throughout the 180 min measurement, the volume was set as 0.5 g for the following studies. Concentrations of 5 and 20 wt % S-PRG toothpastes retained 0.09 ppm F or more in saliva even after 180 min. No statistical differences were seen in the salivary fluoride concentrations at any time intervals as well as the AUC value between 5 and 20 wt % S-PRG toothpastes. Based on these results, the concentration of 5 wt % S-PRG toothpaste was used for the main comparative study. MFP toothpaste resulted in by far the lowest salivary fluoride concentrations (0.06 ppm F at 180 min) and the AUC value (24.6 ppm‧min), whereas 5 wt % S-PRG toothpaste (0.15 ppm F at 180 min, 92.3 ppm‧min) displayed retention on par with AmF toothpaste which appeared to result in higher values (0.17 ppm F at 180 min, 103 ppm‧min), compared to NaF toothpaste (0.12 ppm F at 180 min, 49.3 ppm‧min).
Conclusions: The salivary fluoride concentrations following toothbrushing with 0.5 g of 5 wt % S-PRG filler containing toothpaste showed retention similar to the best performing 1400 ppm F AmF toothpaste even 180 min after toothbrushing.
Towards high-performance p-type two-dimensional field effect transistors: contact engineering, scaling, and doping
Authors: Oberoi Aaryan , Han Ying , Stepanoff Sergei , Pannone Andrew , Sun Yongwen , Lin Yu-Chuan , Chen Chen , Shallenberger Jefferey , Redwing Joan , Robinson Joshua , Wolfe Douglas , Yang Yang , Das Saptarshi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
N-type field effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) like MoS2 and WS2 have come closer to meeting the requirements set forth in International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS). However, p-type 2D FETs are dramatically lagging behind in meeting performance standards. Here, we adopt a three-pronged approach that includes contact engineering, channel length (Lch) scaling, and monolayer doping to achieve high-performance p-type FETs based on synthetic WSe2. Using electrical measurements backed by atomistic imaging and rigorous analysis, Pd was identified as the favorable contact metal for Wse2 owing to better epitaxy, larger grain size, and higher compressive strain leading to lower Schottky barrier height. While the ON-state performance of Pd-contacted WSe2 FETs was improved by ~10× by aggressively scaling Lch from 1 µm down to ~ 20 nm, ultra-scaled FETs were found to be contact limited. To reduce the contact resistance, monolayer tungsten oxyselenide (WOxSey) obtained using self-limiting oxidation of bilayer WSe2 was used as p-type dopant. This led to ~ 5× improvement in the ON-state performance and ~ 9× reduction in the contact resistance. We were able to achieve a median ON-state current as high as ~ 10 µA/µm for ultra-scaled and doped p-type WSe2 FETs with Pd contacts. We also show the applicability of our monolayer doping strategy to other 2D materials, like MoS2, MoTe2, and MoSe2.
Human Lantern Ribozymes: Smallest Known Self-cleaving Ribozymes
Authors: Zhou Yaoqi , Zhang Zhe , Hong Xu , Xiong Peng , Wang Junfeng , Zhan Jian 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Despite their importance in a wide range of living organisms, self-cleaving ribozymes in human genome are few and poorly studied. Here, we performed deep mutational scanning and covariance analysis of two previously proposed self-cleaving ribozymes (LINE-1 and OR4K15 ribozymes). We found that the functional regions for both ribozymes are made of two short segments, connected by a non-functional loop with a total of 46 and 47 contiguous nucleotides only. The discovery makes them the shortest known self-cleaving ribozymes. Moreover, the above functional regions of LINE-1 and OR4K15 ribozymes are circular permutated with two nearly identical catalytic internal loops, supported by two stems of different lengths. This new self-cleaving ribozyme family, named as lantern ribozyme for their shape, is similar to the catalytic core region of the twister sister ribozymes in term of sequence and secondary structure. However, the nucleotides at the cleavage sites have shown that mutational effects on lantern ribozymes are different from twister sister ribozymes. Lacking a stem loop for stabilizing the core active region and two mismatches in the internal loops may force lantern ribozymes to adopt a tertiary structure (and functional mechanisms) different from twister sister, requiring further studies. Nevertheless, the discovery of the lantern ribozymes reveals a new ribozyme family with the simplest and, perhaps, the most primitive structure needed for self-cleavage.
The effect of combined β-lactoglobulin supplementation and resistance exercise training prior to limb immobilisation on muscle protein synthesis rates in healthy young adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hughes Alix , Francis Thomas , Marjoram Lindsey , Rooney Jessica , Ellison-Hughes Georgina , Pollock Ross , Curtis Michael , Cape Angela , Larsen Mads , Phillips Bethan , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip , Witard Oliver 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background

The decline in skeletal muscle mass experienced following a short-term period (days to weeks) of muscle disuse is mediated by impaired rates of muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (myo-MPS). Previous RCTs of exercise or nutrition prehabilitation interventions designed to mitigate disuse-induced muscle atrophy have reported limited efficacy. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of a complex prehabilitation intervention, that combines β-lactoglobulin (a novel milk protein with a high leucine content) supplementation with resistance exercise training, on disuse-induced changes in free-living integrated rates of myo-MPS in healthy, young adults.

Methods/design:

To address this aim, we will recruit 24 healthy young (18–35 years) males and females to conduct a parallel, double-blind, 2-arm, randomised placebo-controlled trial. The intervention group will combine a 1-week structured resistance exercise training programme with thrice daily dietary supplementation with 23 g of β-lactoglobulin. The placebo group will combine the same training programme with an energy-matched carbohydrate (dextrose) control. The study protocol will last 16 days for each participant. Day 1 will be a familiarisation session and days 2–4 will be the baseline period. Days 5–11 represent the ‘prehabilitation period’ whereby participants will combine resistance training with their assigned dietary supplementation regimen. Days 12–16 represent the muscle disuse-induced ‘immobilisation period’ whereby participants will have a single leg immobilised in a brace and continue their assigned dietary supplementation regimen only (i.e., no resistance training). The primary endpoint of this study is the measurement of free-living integrated rates of myo-MPS using deuterium oxide tracer methodology. Measurements of myo-MPS will be calculated at baseline, over the 7-day prehabilitation period and over the 5 day immobilisation period separately. Secondary endpoints include measurements of muscle mass and strength that will be collected on days 4 (baseline), 11 (end of prehabilitation) and 16 (end of immobilisation).

Discussion

This novel study will establish the impact of a bimodal prehabilitation strategy, that combines ß-lactoglobulin supplementation and resistance exercise training, in modulating myo-MPS following a short-term period of muscle disuse. If successful, this complex intervention may be translated to clinical practice with application to patients scheduled to undergo, for example, hip/knee replacement or cancer surgery.
Trial Registration: NCT05496452
Protocol version: 16-12-2022 / 1
Predictive Validity on Clinical Item-Level of the HKT-R divided into Clinical Patient Classes
Authors: Frowijn Iris , Masthoff Erik , Bogaerts Stefan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Background Because of the heterogeneity of forensic groups, latent class analysis (LCA) can allow for the formation of stronger homogeneous patient classes, which can improve the predictive validity of forensic risk assessment tools, such as the Historical Clinical Future – Revised (HKT-R), which was used in this study. In particular, dynamic clinical risk and protective items are important in treatment and are obligatory assessed annually for every forensic patient with a TBS measure in the Netherlands. Therefore, this study investigated the predictive validity of the HKT-R at clinical item-level per patient class. Method A cohort of 332 forensic patients, who were discharged from highly secured Forensic Psychiatric Centers/Clinics (FPCs) in the Netherlands between 2004 and 2008, was followed. LCA was performed to cluster this group of patients based on psychopathology and criminal offenses. The predictive validity of the HKT-R clinical items by class was assessed with official reconviction data two and five years after discharge as outcome measure. Results Four classes were identified. The predictive validity of the HKT-R clinical items showed differences between and within classes on admission or discharge, and for predicting violent reoffending after two or five years after discharge. Discussion Different risk/protective factors of the HKT-R may play a role for different subgroups of patients. Therefore, this heterogeneity should be considered for any measure or intervention.