bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of nomograms predicting overall and cancer-specific survival for non-metastatic primary malignant bone tumor of spine patients
Authors: Shao Yiming , Wang Zhonghao , Shi Xiaoya , Wang Yexin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAt present, no study has established a survival prediction model for non-metastatic primary malignant bone tumors of the spine (PMBS) patients. The clinical features and prognostic limitations of PMBS patients still require further exploration. Data on patients with non-metastatic PBMS from 2004 to 2015 were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariate regression analysis using Cox, Best-subset and Lasso regression methods was performed to identify the best combination of independent predictors. Then two nomograms were structured based on these factors for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The accuracy and applicability of the nomograms were assessed by area under the curve (AUC) values, calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: The C-index indicated that the nomograms of OS (C‐index 0.753) and CSS (C‐index 0.812) had good discriminative power. The calibration curve displays a great match between the model’s predictions and actual observations. DCA curves show our models for OS (range: 0.09–0.741) and CSS (range: 0.075–0.580) have clinical value within a specific threshold probability range compared with the two extreme cases. Two nomograms and web-based survival calculators based on established clinical characteristics was developed for OS and CSS. These can provide a reference for clinicians to formulate treatment plans for patients.
Influence of inflow directions and setting angle of inlet guide vane on hydraulic performance of an axial-flow pump
Authors: Nguyen Duc-Anh , Ma Sang-Bum , Kim Sung , Kim Jin-Hyuk 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInlet flow direction significantly affects the hydraulic performance of an axial-flow pump. Usually, the research papers ignore this phenomenon, resulting in discrepancies between simulation and experimental results. This study examines the influence of inflow direction in five cases (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 30% pre-swirl intensities) to determine the relationship between the pre-swirl intensity and the hydraulic performance of the axial-flow pump. Based on this, changing the setting angle of the inlet guide vane (IGV) is proposed and thoroughly investigated to reduce the effect of inflow direction. In this study, the influence of clearances in IGV blades on hydraulic performance is also investigated in detail. Numerical simulations are performed using ANSYS–CFX and a shear stress transport reattachment modification (SST k-$$\omega$$ω) turbulence model with small y+ values at all walls. Specifically, the hydraulic performance curves and internal flow characteristics, including contours and streamlines, are assessed and analyzed. The inflow direction significantly impacts the hydraulic efficiency of the axial-flow pump. Increased pre-swirl intensity causes more loss in the IGV passage. The internal flow field and performance are not affected by the clearance at the hub and shroud of the IGV. However, the tip clearance of the impeller causes a decrease in hydraulic efficiency due to the tip leakage vortex. By adjusting the setting angle of the IGV, the efficiency and head gradually increase from a negative to a positive setting angle. Additionally, 30° is considered the critical setting angle for IGV.
Effect of long-term antihypertensive treatment on cerebrovascular structure and function in hypertensive rats
Authors: Naessens Daphne M. P. , de Vos Judith , Richard Edo , Wilhelmus Micha M. M. , Jongenelen Cornelis A. M. , Scholl Edwin R. , van der Wel Nicole N. , Heijst Johannes A. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Strijkers Gustav J. , Coolen Bram F. , VanBavel Ed , Bakker Erik N. T. P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMidlife hypertension is an important risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease. We investigated the effects of long-term treatment with two classes of antihypertensive drugs to determine whether diverging mechanisms of blood pressure lowering impact the brain differently. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were either left untreated or treated with a calcium channel blocker (amlodipine) or beta blocker (atenolol) until one year of age. The normotensive Wistar Kyoto rat (WKY) was used as a reference group. Both drugs lowered blood pressure equally, while only atenolol decreased heart rate. Cerebrovascular resistance was increased in SHR, which was prevented by amlodipine but not atenolol. SHR showed a larger carotid artery diameter with impaired pulsatility, which was prevented by atenolol. Cerebral arteries demonstrated inward remodelling, stiffening and endothelial dysfunction in SHR. Both treatments similarly improved these parameters. MRI revealed that SHR have smaller brains with enlarged ventricles. In addition, neurofilament light levels were increased in cerebrospinal fluid of SHR. However, neither treatment affected these parameters. In conclusion, amlodipine and atenolol both lower blood pressure, but elicit a different hemodynamic profile. Both medications improve cerebral artery structure and function, but neither drug prevented indices of brain damage in this model of hypertension.
Different correlation of body mass index with body fatness and obesity-related biomarker according to age, sex and race-ethnicity
Authors: Jeong Su-Min , Lee Dong Hoon , Rezende Leandro F. M. , Giovannucci Edward L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fatness could differ according to age, sex, and race-ethnicity. We aimed to evaluate in which contexts BMI could be a good measure for body fatness compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived measures. The study population included 18,061 participants (9141 men and 8920 women) aged 18 and older who tested DXA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 1999 to 2006, and 8107 men and 10,754 women with DXA data from Korea NHANES from 2008 to 2011 to represent the Asian population. We calculated Pearson correlation coefficients between BMI and DXA derived fat mass index (FMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) depending on age, sex, and race-ethnicity. The correlation between BMI, FMI and PBF and obesity-related biomarkers was also estimated among the subgroup with both DXA and information on each biomarker. BMI was strongly correlated with FMI (r = 0.944 in men and 0.976 in women), PBF (r = 0.735 in men and 0.799 in women), and truncal fat mass (r = 0.914 in men and 0.941 in women) with correlations stronger in women than in men except for with waist-height ratio (r = 0.921 in men and 0.911 in women). The correlation between BMI and DXA derived adiposity weakened with age in both sexes. BMI was less correlated with FMI (r = 0.840 in men and 0.912 in women), PBF (r = 0.645 in men and 0.681 in women), and truncal fat mass (r = 0.836 in men and 0.884 in women) in Korean compared to other race-ethnicities. Among obesity-related biomarkers, insulin was the most strongly correlated to body adiposity indices in both sexes and strength of these correlations generally decreased with age. BMI predicted obesity-related biomarkers as well as FMI and truncal fat mass and superior to PBF. BMI could be a good measure for body fatness, particularly among young age groups, women, the US population, but less so in Korean populations. The lower correlation between BMI and body fatness in older compared to younger age groups could be related to increasing PBF and decreasing lean body mass.
Decreased coherence in the model of the dorsal visual pathway associated with Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yan SiLu , Yang XiaoLi , Yang Hao , Sun ZhongKui 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDecreased coherence in electroencephalogram (EEG) has been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experimentally, which could be considered as a typical electrophysiological characteristic in AD. This work aimed to investigate the effect of AD on coherence in the dorsal visual pathway by the technique of neurocomputation. Firstly, according to the hierarchical organization of the cerebral cortex and the information flows of the dorsal visual pathway, a more physiologically plausible neural mass model including cortical areas v1, v2, and v5 was established in the dorsal visual pathway. The three interconnected cortical areas were connected by ascending and descending projections. Next, the pathological condition of loss of long synaptic projections in AD was simulated by reducing the parameters of long synaptic projections in the model. Then, the loss of long synaptic projections on coherence among different visual cortex areas was explored by means of power spectral analysis and coherence function. The results demonstrate that the coherence between these interconnected cortical areas showed an obvious decline with the gradual decrease of long synaptic projections, i.e. decrease in descending projections from area v2 to v1 and v5 to v2 and ascending projection from area v2 to v5. Hopefully, the results of this study could provide theoretical guidance for understanding the dynamical mechanism of AD.
Sensory modality defines the relation between EEG Lempel–Ziv diversity and meaningfulness of a stimulus
Authors: Orłowski Paweł , Bola Michał 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiversity of brain activity is a robust neural correlate of global states of consciousness. It has been proposed that diversity measures specifically reflect the temporal variability of conscious experience. Previous studies supported this hypothesis by showing that perception of meaningful visual stimuli causes richer, more-variable experiences than perception of meaningless stimuli, and this is reflected in greater brain signal diversity. To investigate whether this relation is consistent across sensory modalities, to participants we presented three versions of naturalistic visual and auditory stimuli (videos and audiobooks) that varied in the amount of meaning (original, scrambled, and noise), while recording electroencephalographic signals. We report three main findings. First, greater meaningfulness of visual stimuli was related to higher Lempel–Ziv diversity of EEG signals, but the opposite effect was found in the auditory modality. Second, visual perception was related to generally higher EEG diversity than auditory perception. Third, perception of meaningful visual stimuli and auditory stimuli respectively resulted in higher and lower EEG diversity in comparison to the resting state. In conclusion, the signal diversity of continuous brain signals depends on the stimulated sensory modality, therefore it is not a generic index of the variability of conscious experience.
ANKLE1 cleaves mitochondrial DNA and contributes to cancer risk by promoting apoptosis resistance and metabolic dysregulation
Authors: Przanowski Piotr , Przanowska Róża K. , Guertin Michael J. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAlleles within the chr19p13.1 locus are associated with increased risk of both ovarian and breast cancer and increased expression of the ANKLE1 gene. ANKLE1 is molecularly characterized as an endonuclease that efficiently cuts branched DNA and shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm. However, the role of ANKLE1 in mammalian development and homeostasis remains unknown. In normal development ANKLE1 expression is limited to the erythroblast lineage and we found that ANKLE1’s role is to cleave the mitochondrial genome during erythropoiesis. We show that ectopic expression of ANKLE1 in breast epithelial-derived cells leads to genome instability and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cleavage. mtDNA degradation then leads to mitophagy and causes a shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis (Warburg effect). Moreover, mtDNA degradation activates STAT1 and expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. Reduction in mitochondrial content contributes to apoptosis resistance, which may allow precancerous cells to avoid apoptotic checkpoints and proliferate. These findings provide evidence that ANKLE1 is the causal cancer susceptibility gene in the chr19p13.1 locus and describe mechanisms by which higher ANKLE1 expression promotes cancer risk.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of metal-organic chalcogenolate assemblies as electrocatalysts for syngas production
Authors: Rabl Hannah , Myakala Stephen Nagaraju , Rath Jakob , Fickl Bernhard , Schubert Jasmin S. , Apaydin Dogukan H. , Eder Dominik 
Published: March 2023

AbstractToday, many essential industrial processes depend on syngas. Due to a high energy demand and overall cost as well as a dependence on natural gas as its precursor, alternative routes to produce this valuable mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide are urgently needed. Electrochemical syngas production via two competing processes, namely carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction and hydrogen (H2) evolution, is a promising method. Often, noble metal catalysts such as gold or silver are used, but those metals are costly and have limited availability. Here, we show that metal-organic chalcogenolate assemblies (MOCHAs) combine several properties of successful electrocatalysts. We report a scalable microwave-assisted synthesis method for highly crystalline MOCHAs ([AgXPh]∞: X = Se, S) with high yields. The morphology, crystallinity, chemical and structural stability are thoroughly studied. We investigate tuneable syngas production via electrocatalytic CO2reduction and find the MOCHAs show a maximum Faraday efficiency (FE) of 55 and 45% for the production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, respectively.
Molecular insights into the catalytic mechanism of plasticizer degradation by a monoalkyl phthalate hydrolase
Authors: Chen Yebao , Wang Yongjin , Xu Yang , Sun Jiaojiao , Yang Liu , Feng Chenhao , Wang Jia , Zhou Yang , Zhang Zhi-Min , Wang Yonghua 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPhthalate acid esters (PAEs), a group of xenobiotic compounds used extensively as plasticizers, have attracted increasing concern for adverse effects to human health and the environment. Microbial degradation relying on PAE hydrolases is a promising treatment. However, only a limited number of PAE hydrolases were characterized to date. Here we report the structures of MehpH, a monoalkyl phthalate (MBP) hydrolase that catalyzes the reaction of MBP to phthalic acid and the corresponding alcohol, in apo and ligand-bound form. The structures reveal a positively-charged catalytic center, complementary to the negatively-charged carboxyl group on MBP, and a penetrating tunnel that serves as exit of alcohol. The study provides a first glimpse into the enzyme-substrate binding model for PAE hydrolases, leading strong support to the development of better enzymes in the future.
Inverse Hamiltonian design by automatic differentiation
Authors: Inui Koji , Motome Yukitoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn ultimate goal of materials science is to deliver materials with desired properties at will. Solving the inverse problem to obtain an appropriate Hamiltonian directly from the desired properties has the potential to reach qualitatively new principles, but most research to date has been limited to quantitative determination of parameters within known models. Here, we develop a general framework that can automatically design a Hamiltonian with desired physical properties by using automatic differentiation. In the application to the quantum anomalous Hall effect, our framework can not only construct the Haldane model automatically but also generate Hamiltonians that exhibit a six-times larger anomalous Hall effect. In addition, the application to the photovoltaic effect gives an optimal Hamiltonian for electrons moving on a noncoplanar spin texture, which can generate ~ 700 Am−2 under solar radiation. This framework would accelerate materials exploration by automatic construction of models and principles.
Nematic fluctuations in an orbital selective superconductor Fe1+yTe1−xSex
Authors: Jiang Qianni , Shi Yue , Christensen Morten H. , Sanchez Joshua J. , Huang Bevin , Lin Zhong , Liu Zhaoyu , Malinowski Paul , Xu Xiaodong , Fernandes Rafael M. , Chu Jiun-Haw 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFe1+yTe1−xSex is characterized by its complex magnetic phase diagram and highly orbital-dependent band renormalization. Despite this, the behavior of nematicity and nematic fluctuations, especially for high tellurium concentrations, remains largely unknown. Here we present a study of both B1g and B2g nematic fluctuations in Fe1+yTe1−xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.53) using the technique of elastoresistivity measurement. We discovered that the nematic fluctuations in two symmetry channels are closely linked to the corresponding spin fluctuations, confirming the intertwined nature of these two degrees of freedom. We also revealed an unusual temperature dependence of the nematic susceptibility, which we attributed to a loss of coherence of the dxy orbital. Our results highlight the importance of orbital differentiation on the nematic properties of iron-based materials.
Dolostone as a reliable tracer of seawater lithium isotope composition
Authors: Liu Xiao-Feng , Liu Xiao-Ming , Wang Xi-Kai , Zhai Shikui , Liu Xinyu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe lithium isotope composition (δ7Li) of seawater records important information on the evolution of the carbon and silicon cycles over geologic time. Here we report δ7Li values in a suite of Neogene dolostones (23–3.4 Ma, n = 39) from the South China Sea. Over the Neogene, dolostone δ7Li values have increased from 24.9‰ to 30.1‰, overlapping previously published foraminifera records and documenting seawater δ7Li without applying any isotopic fractionation factor correction. Our results suggest that fabric-retentive dolostones are good proxies for providing seawater δ7Li records even after early diagenesis. Importantly, these results provide a high-resolution dolostone record rather than a foraminifera record to confirm the observed ~5‰ increase in Neogene seawater δ7Li. We predict that early marine diagenetic dolostones with fabric textures abundant in the Proterozoic may record changes in seawater δ7Li and continental weathering, providing great insights into the Precambrian global carbon cycle.
Alanine aminotransferase assay biosensor platform using silicon nanowire field effect transistors
Authors: Muratore Katherine A. , Zhou Dan , Du Jiangang J. , Chlystek John S. , Motesadi Kasra , Larsen Erik K. , Molgora Brenda M. , Lee Tetz C. , Pamarti Sudhakar , Erramilli Shyamsunder , Mohanty Pritiraj 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFrequent monitoring of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity is essential to prevent drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Current ALT assays are restricted to centralized clinical laboratories, making frequent patient monitoring logistically difficult. To address this, we demonstrated the capability of commercial foundry manufactured silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW-FET) biosensors in a form factor that enables frequent near-patient monitoring. Here, we designed an ALT assay, by coupling the ALT-catalyzed production of pyruvate to the reduction of ferricyanide, enabling both spectrophotometric and electrical measurement of ALT activity. The two methods yield comparable ALT activity detection across a dynamic range wide enough to monitor patients at risk for DILI. This study demonstrates kinetic activity measurement of an endogenous enzyme using uncoupled SiNW-FETs, and commercial manufacturing of SiNW-FET sensor arrays for use in a portable biosensor platform.
The double sides of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in sepsis
Authors: Vigneron Clara , Py Bénédicte F. , Monneret Guillaume , Venet Fabienne 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSepsis is defined as a life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Immune response induced by sepsis is complex and dynamic. It is schematically described as an early dysregulated systemic inflammatory response leading to organ failures and early deaths, followed by the development of persistent immune alterations affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses associated with increased risk of secondary infections, viral reactivations, and late mortality. In this review, we will focus on the role of NACHT, leucin-rich repeat and pyrin-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis. NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiproteic intracellular complex activated by infectious pathogens through a two-step process resulting in the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 and the formation of membrane pores by gasdermin D, inducing a pro-inflammatory form of cell death called pyroptosis. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of sepsis can be ambivalent. Indeed, although it might protect against sepsis when moderately activated after initial infection, excessive NLRP3 inflammasome activation can induce dysregulated inflammation leading to multiple organ failure and death during the acute phase of the disease. Moreover, this activation might become exhausted and contribute to post-septic immunosuppression, driving impaired functions of innate and adaptive immune cells. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome could thus be an attractive option in sepsis either through IL-1β and IL-18 antagonists or through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway downstream components. Available treatments and results of first clinical trials will be discussed.
Verbal Fluency in Prelingually Deaf, Early Implanted Children and Adolescents With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Hasnain Fahad , Herran Reid M. , Henning Shirley C. , Ditmars Allison M. , Pisoni David B. , Sehgal Susan T. , Kronenberger William G. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose:Verbal fluency tasks assess the ability to quickly and efficiently retrieve words from the mental lexicon by requiring subjects to rapidly generate words within a phonological or semantic category. This study investigated differences between cochlear implant users and normal-hearing peers in the clustering and time course of word retrieval during phonological and semantic verbal fluency tasks.Method:Twenty-eight children and adolescents (aged 9–17 years) with cochlear implants and 33 normal-hearing peers completed measures of verbal fluency, nonverbal intelligence, speech perception, and verbal short-term/working memory. Phonological and semantic verbal fluency tests were scored for total words generated, words generated in each 10-s interval of the 1-min task, latency to first word generated, number of word clusters, average cluster size, and number of word/cluster switches.Results:Children and adolescents with cochlear implants generated fewer words than normal-hearing peers throughout the entire 60-s time interval of the phonological and semantic fluency tasks. Cochlear implant users also had slower start latency times and produced fewer clusters and switches than normal-hearing peers during the phonological fluency task. Speech perception and verbal working memory scores were more strongly associated with verbal fluency scores in children and adolescents with cochlear implants than in normal-hearing peers.Conclusions:Cochlear implant users show poorer phonological and semantic verbal fluency than normal-hearing peers, and their verbal fluency is significantly associated with speech perception and verbal working memory. These findings suggest deficits in fluent retrieval of phonological and semantic information from long-term lexical memory in cochlear implant users.