bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvirgula curvata as a Cause of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection
Authors: Miceli Madeline , Ogulnick Jonathan , Gnanaprakasam Rachel , Belal Maymonah 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Microvirgula curvata is a small Gram-negative, curved rod first isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in Kuwait (Subhash et al. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016;66:5309–5313). We describe the first known case of human infection with M. curvata in a 65-year-old man with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Relationship Between Sensory Organization Testing Scores With Lower Extremity Injuries and Prior Concussion in Professional Soccer Players
Authors: Mooney James , Cochrane Graham D. , Gould Sara 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To evaluate for associations between concussion history or lower extremity (LE) injury and computerized sensory organization testing (SOT) performance in professional soccer players.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Tertiary care center.

Participants:
Thirty-three, professional, male soccer players on an American club, between the years 2019 and 2021.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Player age, history of reported LE injury (gluteal, hamstring, ankle, knee, hip, groin, and sports hernia), history of diagnosed concussion, and the number of prior concussions were documented for each player.

Main Outcome Measures:
Baseline SOT of postural sway was conducted in 6 sensory conditions for all players.

Results:
Eleven athletes (33%) reported a previous concussion, and 15 (45%) reported a previous LE injury. There were no significant differences in SOT scores between those with and without a previous diagnosis of concussion (P > 0.05). Those reporting a previous LE injury performed better on condition 3 (eyes open, unstable visual surround) than those who did not (P = 0.03). Athletes aged 25 years or younger performed worse on condition 3 (P = 0.01) and had worse, although not statistically significant, median performance on all other balance measures than those older than 25 years. Intraclass correlation coefficient for repeat SOT assessment was 0.58, indicating moderate reliability, without an evident practice effect.

Conclusions:
Professional soccer players with a previous concussion or history of LE injury did not demonstrate long-term deficits in postural control, as assessed by multiyear computerized SOT baseline testing. The SOT was reliable over time with younger athletes exhibiting greater postural sway than older athletes.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Lenkeit Christopher P. , Lofgren Daniel H. , Zappia John 
Published: January 2023

Objective
To investigate the role of cardiovascular risk factors (specifically hypertension [HTN], hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus I and II, and body mass index (BMI) on the development of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Study Design
Case-control retrospective chart review.

Setting
A tertiary referral center.

Patients
Patients aged 18 to 85 years who presented to the clinic over a 1-year span (September 17, 2020 to September 17, 2021) for evaluation of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Main Outcome Measure
Comparing the prevalence of the different cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss compared with when compared with non-SSNHL patients at a neurotology clinic.

Results
Two hundred twenty-three patients with SSNHL were compared with age- and gender-matched comparison group to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors within each group. There are no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in the prevalence of HTN, hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus I and II, and BMI in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss when compared with non-SSNHL patients at a neurotology clinic.

Conclusions
Despite correlation between CVRF and SSNHL found in some other studies, we did not find a significant correlation between CVRF (diabetes, HTN, dyslipidemia, and high BMI) and SSNHL in our retrospective case control study of patients presenting to a nonacademic tertiary neurotology clinic. Although there may be other factors contributing to the pathogenesis of SSNHL, we have not yet identified these factors.
Creative Arts Therapy Among Children With Cancer
Authors: Raybin Jennifer L. , Zhou Wenru , Pan Zhaoxing , Hendricks-Ferguson Verna L. , Jankowski Catherine 
Published: January 2023

Background
Symptom distress is related to decreased quality of life (QOL) among children with cancer, with high levels of pain, nausea, and anxiety reported. Creative arts therapy (CAT) has been related to improved QOL and symptoms in pediatric oncology, but the quality of evidence is mixed.

Objective
This article aims to examine the QOL symptom subscales in relation to CAT over time in children during the first year of cancer treatment.

Methods
A secondary analysis of prospective data was performed with linear mixed modeling on 267 observations with predictors of 2 groups: No CAT (n = 18) vs CAT (n = 65). The covariate of time (6 months) was used to explore the CAT relationship with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) symptom subscales (pain and hurt, nausea, procedural anxiety, treatment anxiety, worry, cognitive problems, perceived physical appearance, and communication).

Results
Children (n = 83) were between 3 and 17 years old (M = 6), 51.2% female, and 32% minority. All tumor types were represented: liquid (37.3%), solid (24.1%), and central nervous system (38.6%). Reduced child report of procedural anxiety was significantly related to receiving CAT with a medium magnitude of association (adjusted effect size = 0.58, P = .01).

Conclusion
Creative arts interventions were associated with a longitudinal improvement in anxiety in children with cancer. Further work is needed to target interventions to the appropriate specific burdensome symptoms.

Implication for Practice
Pediatric oncology nurses can advocate for CAT as an effective intervention to ameliorate the burdensome procedural anxiety experienced by patients.
The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Emotional Flexibility and Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression in Divorced Women
Authors: Heshmati Rasoul , Khoury Bassam , Azmoodeh Shahin , Zerang Masoumeh , Sadowski Isabel 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The present study was developed to evaluate the effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on the level of emotional flexibility and ambivalence related to emotional expression of divorced women. A general community sample of 30 divorced women was recruited and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received MBSR for 8 weeks, and the control group was placed on a waiting list. The Emotional Flexibility Questionnaire (EFQ) and the Ambivalence Over the Expression of Emotion Questionnaire (AEQ) were administered to both groups before (pre) and after (post) the treatment. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed repeated-measures analyses of variance. The results showed that women in the treatment group had a significant increase in the total score of the EFQ and its components. In addition, the MBSR group had a significant decrease in the total score of the AEQ and its components. MBSR intervention shows potential for use with divorced women to help with emotion regulation and subsequent better adjustment to separation.
CD4/CD8 Ratio Recovery Among People Living With HIV Starting With First-Line Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors: A Prospective Regional Cohort Analysis
Authors: Han Win Min , Avihingsanon Anchalee , Rajasuriar Reena , Tanuma Junko , Mundhe Sanjay , Lee Man-Po , Choi Jun Yong , Pujari Sanjay , Chan Yu-Jiun , Somia Agus , Zhang Fujie , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Tek NG Oon , Gani Yasmin , Chaiwarith Romanee , Pham Thach Ngoc , Do Cuong Duy , Ditangco Rossana , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin , Khol Vohith , Ross Jeremy , Jiamsakul Awachana ,   on behalf of IeDEA Asia‐Pacific
Published: January 2023

Background:
We evaluated trends in CD4/CD8 ratio among people living with HIV (PLWH) starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) with first-line integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) compared with non-INSTI-based ART, and the incidence of CD4/CD8 ratio normalization.

Methods:
All PLWH enrolled in adult HIV cohorts of IeDEA Asia-Pacific who started with triple-ART with at least 1 CD4, CD8 (3-month window), and HIV-1 RNA measurement post-ART were included. CD4/CD8 ratio normalization was defined as a ratio ≥1. Longitudinal changes in CD4/CD8 ratio were analyzed by linear mixed model, the incidence of the normalization by Cox regression, and the differences in ratio recovery by group-based trajectory modeling.

Results:
A total of 5529 PLWH were included; 80% male, median age 35 years (interquartile range [IQR], 29–43). First-line regimens were comprised of 65% NNRTI, 19% PI, and 16% INSTI. The baseline CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.19 (IQR, 0.09–0.33). PLWH starting with NNRTI- (P = 0.005) or PI-based ART (P = 0.030) had lower CD4/CD8 recovery over 5 years compared with INSTI. During 24,304 person-years of follow-up, 32% had CD4/CD8 ratio normalization. After adjusting for age, sex, baseline CD4, HIV-1 RNA, HCV, and year of ART initiation, PLWH started with INSTI had higher odds of achieving CD4/CD8 ratio normalization than NNRTI- (P < 0.001) or PI-based ART (P = 0.015). In group-based trajectory modeling analysis, INSTI was associated with greater odds of being in the higher ratio trajectory.

Conclusions:
INSTI use was associated with higher rates of CD4/CD8 ratio recovery and normalization in our cohort. These results emphasize the relative benefits of INSTI-based ART for immune restoration.
Prevalence of Potentially Clinically Significant Drug–Drug Interactions With Antiretrovirals Against HIV Over Three Decades: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Hodge Daryl , Hodel Eva Maria , Hughes Elen , Hazenberg Phoebe , Grañana Castillo Sandra , Gibbons Sara , Wang Duolao , Marra Fiona , Marzolini Catia , Back David , Khoo Saye 
Published: January 2023

Background:
Contemporary first-line antiretrovirals have considerably reduced liability for clinically significant drug–drug interactions (DDI). This systematic review evaluates the prevalence of DDI among people receiving antiretrovirals across 3 decades.

Methods:
We searched 3 databases for studies reporting the prevalence of clinically significant DDIs in patients receiving antiretrovirals published between January 1987 and July 2022. Clinically significant DDIs were graded by severity. All data extractions were undertaken by 2 independent reviewers, adjudicated by a third.

Results:
Of 21,665 records returned, 13,474 were duplicates. After screening the remaining 13,596 abstracts against inclusion criteria, 122 articles were included for full-text analysis, from which a final list of 34 articles were included for data synthesis. The proportion of patients experiencing a clinically significant DDI did not change over time (P = 0.072). The most frequently reported classes of antiretrovirals involved in DDIs were protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; of note, integrase use in the most recent studies was highly variable and ranged between 0% and 89%.

Conclusions:
The absolute risk of DDIs has not decreased over the period covered. This is likely related to continued use of older regimens and an ageing cohort of patients. A greater reduction in DDI prevalence can be anticipated with broader uptake of regimens containing unboosted integrase inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
VHL Mutation Drives Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression Through PI3K/AKT-Dependent Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Fang Tinghe , He Yexuan , Feng Weichen , Yu Zhuoyang , Zheng Yaoyao , Zhang Chi , Hu Shuai , Liu Zhuojun , Liu Jia , Yu Jian , Zhang Han , He Anbang , Gong Yanqing , He Zhisong , Yang Kaiwei , Xi Zhijun , Yu Wei , Zhou Liqun , Yao Lin , Yue Shuhua 
Published: January 2023

SummaryBackgroundCholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) is an essential signature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), but its molecular mechanism and pathological significance remain elusive.MethodsEnabled by the label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, which integrated stimulated Raman scattering microscopy with confocal Raman spectroscopy on the same platform, we quantitatively analyzed LD distribution and composition at the single cell level in intact ccRCC cell and tissue specimensin situwithout any processing or exogenous labeling. Since we found that commonly used ccRCC cell lines actually did not show the CE-rich signature, primary cancer cells were isolated from human tissues to retain the lipid signature of ccRCC with CE level as high as the original tissue, which offers a preferable cell model for the study of cholesterol metabolism in ccRCC. Moreover, we established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model that retained the CE-rich phenotype of human ccRCC.FindingsSurprisingly, our results revealed that CE accumulation was induced by tumor suppressor VHL mutation, the most common mutation of ccRCC. Moreover, VHL mutation was found to promote CE accumulation by upregulating HIFα and subsequent PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBPs pathway. Inspiringly, inhibition of cholesterol esterification remarkably suppressed ccRCC aggressivenessin vitroandin vivowith negligible toxicity, through the reduced membrane cholesterol-mediated downregulations of integrin and MAPK signaling pathways.InterpretationCollectively, our study improves current understanding of the role of CE accumulation in ccRCC and opens up new opportunities for treatment.FundingThis work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23B2046 and No. 62027824), National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2023YFC2415500), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. YWF-22-L-547), PKU-Baidu Fund (No. 2020BD033), Peking University First Hospital Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation Incubation Guidance Fund (No.2022CX02), and Beijing Municipal Health Commission (No. 2020-2Z-40713).
The BinaxNOW antigen detection assay on CSF samples for diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis
Authors: Peela Sreeram Chandra Murthy , Sistla Sujatha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe BinaxNOW pneumococcal antigen detection assay is an immuno-chromatographic technique where the cell wall polysaccharide instead of capsular polysaccharide is the target. Although intended for use on urine samples, its role in diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis has been reported by many others. The current study explores its accuracy when compared with real-time PCR.MethodologyCSF samples from suspected meningitis cases were processed for Gram stain and culture following standard protocols. Antigen was detected by BinaxNOW antigen detection assay forStreptococcus pneumoniae. Previously published primers and protocols were used for real-time PCR targeting autolysin (lytA) gene and was considered as the gold standard test.ResultsAmong the 74 samples tested, pneumococcal antigen was detected in 21.6% (16/74) and qPCR in 11 (14.9%) samples. Antigen detection assay had higher sensitivity (90.9%) when compared with culture (45.5%) while the positive predictive value was the lowest (62.5% and 100% for culture). It was in substantial agreement with the gold standard test with kappa coefficient of 0.685 and an accuracy of 90.5%.ConclusionsThe BinaxNOW pneumococcal antigen detection test can be employed for initial screening of samples or point-of-care test owing to its substantial agreement with real-time PCR.
Autophagy disruption reduces mTORC1 activation leading to retinal ganglion cell neurodegeneration associated with glaucoma
Authors: Huang Kang-Chieh , Gomes Cátia , Shiga Yukihiro , Belforte Nicolas , VanderWall Kirstin B. , Lavekar Sailee S. , Fligor Clarisse M. , Harkin Jade , Di Polo Adriana , Meyer Jason S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAutophagy dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma, characterized by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, the mechanisms by which autophagy dysfunction promotes RGC damage remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that perturbation of the autophagy pathway results in increased autophagic demand, thereby downregulating signaling through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a negative regulator of autophagy, contributing to the degeneration of RGCs. We identified an impairment of autophagic-lysosomal degradation and decreased mTORC1 signaling via activation of the stress sensor adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), along with subsequent neurodegeneration in RGCs differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with a glaucoma-associated variant of Optineurin (OPTN-E50K). Similarly, the microbead occlusion model of glaucoma resulting in ocular hypertension also exhibited autophagy disruption and mTORC1 downregulation. Pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1 in hPSC-derived RGCs recapitulated disease-related neurodegenerative phenotypes in otherwise healthy RGCs, while the mTOR-independent induction of autophagy reduced protein accumulation and restored neurite outgrowth in diseased OPTN-E50K RGCs. Taken together, these results highlight an important balance between autophagy and mTORC1 signaling essential for RGC homeostasis, while disruption to these pathways contributes to neurodegenerative features in glaucoma, providing a potential therapeutic target to prevent neurodegeneration.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Antipsychotic Prescribing in individuals with autism, dementia, learning disability, serious mental illness or living in a care home: A federated analysis of 59 million patients’ primary care records in situ using OpenSAFELY
Authors:   The OpenSAFELY Collaborative:, Macdonald Orla , Green Amelia , Walker Alex , Croker Richard , Curtis Helen , Brown Andrew , Butler-Cole Ben , Andrews Colm , Morton Caroline , Evans Dave , Inglesby Peter , Dillingham Iain , Massey Jon , Fisher Louis , Bacon Seb , Davy Simon , Ward Tom , Hulme Will , Morley Jess , Mehrkar Amir , Bates Chris , Cockburn Jonathan , Parry John , Hester Frank , Harper Sam , O’Hanlon Shaun , Eavis Alex , Jarvis Richard , Avramov Dima , Wood Ian , Parkes Nasreen , Goldacre Ben , MacKenna Brian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected health and social care services. We aimed to explore whether this impacted the prescribing rates of antipsychotics within at-risk populations.MethodsWith the approval of NHS England, we completed a retrospective cohort study, using the OpenSAFELY platform to explore primary care data of 59 million patients. We identified patients in five at-risk groups: autism, dementia, learning disability, serious mental illness and care home residents. We then calculated the monthly prevalence of antipsychotic prescribing in the population, as well as the incidence of new prescriptions in each month over the study period (Jan 2019-Dec 2021).ResultsThe average monthly rate of antipsychotic prescribing increased in dementia from 82.75 patients prescribed an antipsychotic per 1000 patients (95% CI 82.30-83.19) in Q1 2019 to 90.1 (95% CI 89.68-90.60) in Q4 2021 and from 154.61 (95% CI 153.79-155.43) in Q1 2019 to 166.95 (95% CI 166.23-167.67) in Q4 2021 in care homes. There were notable spikes in the rate of new prescriptions issued to patients with dementia and in care homes. In learning disability and autism groups, the average monthly rate of prescribing per 1000 decreased from 122.97 (95% CI 122.29-123.66) in Q1 2019 to 119.29 (95% CI 118.68-119.91) in Q4 2021, and from 54.91 (95% CI 54.52-55.29) in Q1 2019 to 51.04 (95% CI 50.74-51.35) in Q4 2021 respectively.ConclusionsDuring each of the lockdowns in 2020, we observed a significant spike in antipsychotic prescribing in the dementia and care home groups. We have shown that these peaks are likely due to prescribing of antipsychotics for palliative care purposes and may have been linked to pre-emptive prescribing, when on-site medical visits would have been restricted. Over the study period, we observed gradual increases in antipsychotic use in patients with dementia and in care homes and a decrease in their use in patients with learning disability or autism.
How is physical healthcare experienced by staff, service users, and carers in adult community mental health services in a South London Mental Health Trust? A Service Evaluation
Authors: Tredget Gracie , Williams Julie , McGrath Ray , Sadler Euan , Gaughran Fiona , Ang Karen , Stepan Natalia , Cross Sean , Tweed John , Orlando Lia , Sevdalis Nick 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdults with a serious mental illness (SMI) are at greater risk of physical health morbidity and premature death than the general population, largely as a result of preventable physical health issues. Staff working in mental health services have a role to play in addressing these inequalities, but little is known about how they perceive their role and how this impacts on their practice. Understanding this better would enable services to improve their approach and support better health outcomes for SMI patients. A service evaluation was undertaken to investigate how physical healthcare is approached within adult community mental health teams (CMHTs) at a South London (UK) Mental Health Trust.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross-sectional evaluation design. Interviews and focus groups were conducted with clinical staff, service users and carers, to understand their experiences and to identify key barriers and facilitators to supporting physical healthcare support for adults with SMI. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes which were classified into five main categories.Results50 participants took part in the study, 38 were clinical staff, eight were service users and four were carers. We found staff widely recognised the importance of supporting physical healthcare. However, there was variability in how staff approached physical healthcare in routine practice, and differences in how physical healthcare is experienced by service users and carers. Staff were keen to engage in changes to the way physical healthcare is delivered in CMHTs. However, they sought clearer guidance on their roles and responsibilities, and wanted to better understand the rationale for changes in community mental health practice, such as increased screening for physical healthcare. Service users and carers felt equally that the role of CMHTs in physical healthcare was unclear, which limited their ability to access it and understand the benefit for their overall care. Staff articulated gaps in leadership and training that impacted on their ability to implement the overall vision for physical healthcare within the Trust.ConclusionMental health staff recognise the role they play in supporting the physical health of adults living with SMI. This evaluation provides insight into common barriers and facilitators faced by staff, service users and carers when providing or accessing physical healthcare within adult CMHTs. These findings indicate a more comprehensive and better articulated approach to physical healthcare in mental health Trusts is needed to ensure service users and their carers understand what support is available and how to access it and to equip staff to provide and sustain that care in routine practice.