bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where are caregivers in the clinical trial? Evaluation of caregiver responsibilities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias clinical trials
Authors: Miranda Armando , Rubovits Eve , Mudar Raksha , Leung Vania , Raj Minakshi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFamily caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have significant responsibilities within health care. They may identify relevant clinical trials and support decision‐making about their relative's participation. The objectives of this study were to (a) evaluate the responsibilities of caregivers related to their relative's participation in ADRD clinical trials and (b) examine how these responsibilities are communicated on clinicaltrials.gov.METHODSWe reviewed ADRD clinical trials completed between 1990 and 2021 using clinicaltrials.gov.RESULTSLess than half of clinical trial study information pages included caregiver responsibilities. Nine caregiver responsibilities were provided among those with information (e.g., giving consent, caregiver training and education, monitoring patient's response to intervention, communicating with study team).DISCUSSIONADRD clinical trial study information pages should consistently include caregiver responsibilities to help caregivers better prepare for trial responsibilities. This enhanced engagement with caregivers could also facilitate recruitment and retention, including participants from diverse communities.Highlights
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) clinical trial study information does not consistently include caregiver responsibilities.
Caregiver responsibilities in clinical trials span communication, monitoring, and transportation.
Robust information provision to caregivers could support participant recruitment and retention.
Meaningfully engaging caregivers could support recruitment of diverse participants.
Structure Elucidation of the First Sex‐Inducing Pheromone of a Diatom
Authors: Klapper Franziska A. , Kiel Christine , Bellstedt Peter , Vyverman Wim , Pohnert Georg 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDiatoms are abundant unicellular microalgae, responsible for ≈20 % of global photosynthetic CO2 fixation. Nevertheless, we know little about fundamental aspects of their biology, such as their sexual reproduction. Pheromone‐mediated chemical communication is crucial for successful mating. An attraction pheromone was identified in the diatom Seminavis robusta, but metabolites priming cells for sex and synchronizing search and mating behavior remained elusive. These sex‐inducing pheromones (SIP) induce cell cycle arrest and trigger the production of the attraction pheromone. Here we describe the challenging structure elucidation of an S. robusta SIP. Guided by metabolomics, a candidate metabolite was identified and elucidated by labeling experiments, NMR, ESI MSn analyses, and chemical transformations. The use of negative ion mode MS was essential to decipher the unprecedented hydroxyproline and β‐sulfated aspartate‐containing cyclic heptapeptide that acts in femtomolar concentrations.
From tetramerization to oligomerization/polymerization of ethylene by dinuclear pyridyl‐imine Co‐ and Ni‐based catalysts
Authors: Khoshsefat Mostafa , Ahmadjo Saeid , Zohuri Gholam Hossein , Ma Yanping , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: August 2023

A series of dinuclear pyridyl‐imine Co‐ and Ni‐based complexes (Co: C1 and C2 and Ni: C3 and C4) were prepared in reasonable yields through one‐pot synthesis method. Toward ethylene oligomerization/polymerization, C1 and C2, activated by MMAO, were capable to produce oligomers with moderate activity (up to 5.1 × 105 g mol−1 Co h−1 for C2) which α‐C8 was the major product. In contrast, C3 and C4 polymerized ethylene that the activity of C4 was twofold greater than C2. The high impact of o‐substituent in C2 and C4 was along with dinuclearity effect leading to high productivity and selectivity for ethylene oligomerization and polymerization, respectively. Moreover, polymerization parameters had strong influence on catalytic behavior of C4 and polyethylene samples made. For instance, high sensitivity of the structures led to formation of an oily branched oligoethylene to highly branched, high Mw polyethylene by changing the polymerization conditions. Polymerization of higher α‐olefins such as 1‐hexene and 1‐octene, moreover, emphasized the effect of effective distance between the centers where an oily low Mw oligo‐1‐hexene and a solid poly(1‐octene) having higher Mw were yielded. On the other side, quantum chemistry calculations were performed to investigate the structural properties and reactivity of the Ni‐ and Co‐based species. The obtained results indicated that the Ni atoms have strong molecular orbital interactions with the CC bond which may increase the reactivity of the catalyst in comparison with the Co metals.
Foaming behaviors and mechanical properties investigation of high‐strength polyethylene terephthalate/polycarbonate bead foam
Authors: Wang Zengzeng , Xu Dawei , Bai Shibing , Li Sai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDue to the low melt strength, PET foam cells easily grow, and due to the low CO2 concentration in PET, generating more nucleation sites during the foaming process is difficult. As a result, PET foam produced using the supercritical CO2 foaming method possesses a large cell size and a low expansion ratio, which leads to poor mechanical performance. In addition, there has not been much research on how to improve CO2 concentration in PET. In this work, the PC with higher melt strength and CO2 absorption capacity was incorporated into the PET matrix to improve the foaming behaviors of the blend. The results showed that the melt strength and CO2 concentration of PET/PC blends are much higher than that of pure PET. For instance, the melt strength and CO2 concentration of the PET/PC10 blend would be more than twice that of pure PET when the PC content is only 10%wt. By studying the foaming behavior, it was found that high melt strength inhibited the cell overgrowth and collapse of PET/PC foam, resulting in the foam with good cell structure was obtained. In addition, the high CO2 concentration in PET/PC blend is conducive to cell nucleation, thereby increasing the foam expansion ratio during the CO2 foaming process. Finally, the PET/PC blend foam with excellent mechanical properties was obtained. To be specific, the expansion ratio of the PET/PC blend foam was about 9.61, and the average cell size was only 40.38 μm. And the PET/PC blend foam possessed an excellent compressive strength of 7.41 MPa due to the strong interfacial bead cohesion, which showed the application prospect in the field of construction engineering.
Mono and Dinuclear Palladium Pincer Complexes of NNSe Ligand as a Catalyst for Decarboxylative Direct C−H Heteroarylation of (Hetero)arenes
Authors: Singh Sohan , Shinde Vikki N. , Kumar Sunil , Meena Neha , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Anil , Joshi Hemant 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis report describes the synthesis of a new NNSe pincer ligand and its mono‐ and dinuclear palladium(II) pincer complexes. In the absence of a base, a dinuclear palladium pincer complex (C1) was isolated, while in the presence of Et3N base a mononuclear palladium pincer complex (C2) was obtained. The new ligand and complexes were characterized using techniques like 1H, 13C{1H} nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Visible), and cyclic voltammetry. Both the complexes showed pincer coordination mode with a distorted square planar geometry. The complex C1 has two pincer ligands attached through a Pd−Pd bond in a dinuclear pincer fashion. The air and moisture‐insensitive, thermally robust palladium pincer complexes were used as the catalyst for decarboxylative direct C−H heteroarylation of (hetero)arenes. Among the complexes, dinuclear pincer complex C1 showed better catalytic activity. A variety of (hetero)arenes were successfully activated (43–87 % yield) using only 2.5 mol % of catalyst loading under mild reaction conditions. The PPh3 and Hg poisoning experiments suggested a homogeneous nature of catalysis. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed for the dinuclear palladium pincer complex catalyzed decarboxylative C−H bond activation reaction of (hetero)arenes.
Numerische Simulation von Drucksondierungen mithilfe der Particle Finite Element Method
Authors: Hauser Laurin , Schweiger Helmut F. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn‐situ‐Erkundungsmethoden wie die Drucksondierung werden als bewährte sowie kosten‐ und zeiteffiziente Verfahren zur Untergrundcharakterisierung eingesetzt. Die zur Interpretation herangezogenen Methoden werden laufend weiterentwickelt, um Einflussgrößen wie Teildrainage während der Versuchsdurchführung oder mikrostrukturelle Bindungen im Korngerüst berücksichtigen zu können. Diese beiden Effekte werden im vorliegenden Beitrag basierend auf der numerischen Simulation von Drucksondierungen mithilfe der Anwendung G‐PFEM, welche große Verformungen, Boden‐Struktur‐Interaktion und nichtlineares Materialverhalten berücksichtigt, untersucht. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Einfluss von Teildrainage und Mikrostruktur auf den gemessenen Spitzendruck und Porenwasserdruck, wobei unterschiedliche Tendenzen festgestellt wurden. Zudem konnte eine in situ durchgeführte Drucksondierung in postglazialen, feinkörnigen Sedimenten realistisch nachgebildet werden. Dies eröffnet einen möglichen Ansatz zur Kalibrierung nichtlinearer Materialmodelle, welche vielfach in der numerischen Analyse geotechnischer Randwertprobleme zum Einsatz kommen.
Mycophenolate mofetil exposure on embryonic and fetal ear development in rats during pregnancy
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Yang , Luo Youqi , Li Gaofeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the pathogenesis of microtia, in this study, the different concentrations of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) exposure on the development of rat embryonic and fetal ears, in order to establish a drug‐induced microtia model, and provide a basis for further exploring the pathogenesis of microtia.MethodsThe pregnant rat model was established in this study, 56 pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group and MMF (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) group. Solutions were administered to the rats by oral gavage at gestation day (GD) 9 and GD 10 8:00 a.m, once a day. On GD 10.5 and GD 14.5, embryos were evaluated for neural crest development. On GD 20.5, fetuses were evaluated for overall survival and development with particular focus on ear development via morphologic, skeletal, and histologic investigation. Some animals were allowed to deliver their litters and offspring were evaluated on postnatal day 18 for ear development.ResultsA total of 56 pregnant rats, 14 in each group, were included in the study. As a result, depending on MMF dose increase, in experimental groups, it was determined that the statistically significant the development of the first and second branchial arches and derived tissues of the embryo, overall survival, ear development, and length and weight of fetuses. Imaging of MMF groups revealed statistically significant differences in the development of the skull and auditory vesicles of MMF treated fetuses. Histologically, MMF affected the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes and the expression of type II collagen.ConclusionsMycophenolate mofetil can lead to the hypoplasia of rat embryos, fetuses, and auricle in a dose‐dependent. MMF may affect the migration and proliferation of cranial neural crest cells, and then lead to microtia. MMF may induce the establishment of an animal model of microtia.
Protective effect of quercetin on fetal development and congenital skeletal anomalies against exposure of pregnant Wistar rats to crude oil vapor
Authors: Hussein Haifa Ali , Khazaeel Kaveh , Ranjbar Reza , Tabandeh Mohammad Reza , Alahmed Jala Amir Salman 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological evidence indicates a relationship between maternal exposure to crude oil vapors (COV) during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Quercetin (QUE) is a plant flavonoid with purported antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, which has been shown to prevent birth defects. This study was aimed to investigate the protective role of QUE on fetal development and congenital skeletal anomalies caused by exposure of pregnant rats to COV.MethodsTwenty‐four pregnant Wistar rats were randomly categorized into four groups of control, COV, COV + QUE, and QUE (50 mg/kg). The inhalation method was used to expose pregnant rats to COV from day 0 to 20 of pregnancy, and QUE was administered orally during this period. On day 20 of gestation, the animals were anesthetized and a laparotomy was performed, and then the weight and crown rump length (CRL) of the fetuses were determined. Skeletal stereomicroscopic evaluations of fetuses were performed using Alcian blue/Alizarin red staining method, and the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes (Runx2 and BMP‐4) was evaluated using qPCR.ResultsThis study showed that prenatal exposure to COV significantly reduced fetal weight and CRL, and expression of Runx2 and BMP‐4 genes. Moreover, COV significantly increased the incidence of congenital skeletal anomalies such as cleft palate, spina bifida and non‐ossification of the fetal bones. However, administration of QUE with exposure to COV improved fetal bone development and reduced congenital skeletal anomalies.ConclusionQUE can ameliorate the teratogenic effects of prenatal exposure to COV by increasing the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes.
Preliminary findings on long‐term effects of fMRI neurofeedback training on functional networks involved in sustained attention
Authors: Pamplona Gustavo Santo Pedro , Heldner Jennifer , Langner Robert , Koush Yury , Michels Lars , Ionta Silvio , Salmon Carlos Ernesto Garrido , Scharnowski Frank 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionNeurofeedback based on functional magnetic resonance imaging allows for learning voluntary control over one's own brain activity, aiming to enhance cognition and clinical symptoms. We previously reported improved sustained attention temporarily by training healthy participants to up‐regulate the differential activity of the sustained attention network minus the default mode network (DMN). However, the long‐term brain and behavioral effects of this training have not yet been studied. In general, despite their relevance, long‐term learning effects of neurofeedback training remain under‐explored.MethodsHere, we complement our previously reported results by evaluating the neurofeedback training effects on functional networks involved in sustained attention and by assessing behavioral and brain measures before, after, and 2 months after training. The behavioral measures include task as well as questionnaire scores, and the brain measures include activity and connectivity during self‐regulation runs without feedback (i.e., transfer runs) and during resting‐state runs from 15 healthy individuals.ResultsNeurally, we found that participants maintained their ability to control the differential activity during follow‐up sessions. Further, exploratory analyses showed that the training increased the functional connectivity between the DMN and the occipital gyrus, which was maintained during follow‐up transfer runs but not during follow‐up resting‐state runs. Behaviorally, we found that enhanced sustained attention right after training returned to baseline level during follow‐up.ConclusionThe discrepancy between lasting regulation‐related brain changes but transient behavioral and resting‐state effects raises the question of how neural changes induced by neurofeedback training translate to potential behavioral improvements. Since neurofeedback directly targets brain measures to indirectly improve behavior in the long term, a better understanding of the brain–behavior associations during and after neurofeedback training is needed to develop its full potential as a promising scientific and clinical tool.
Enhancing community development management and the management of social and environmental impacts to get social license to operate in the mining industry: A Peruvian case study
Authors: Saenz Cesar 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis research aims to determine the type of strategy used by mining companies according to the degree of community development management and social and environmental impact management. For this purpose, a qualitative study has been carried out using the methodology of case studies of mining companies in Peru, for which written and virtual reports and audiovisual material have been analyzed. The results show a framework whose main axes are community development management and social and environmental impact management. In addition, it is shown four types of community relations strategies: shared value strategy, compensatory strategy, business‐oriented strategy, and compliance strategy.
Do fast fashion sustainable business strategies influence attitude, awareness and behaviours of female consumers?
Authors: Hageman Eva , Kumar Vikas , Duong Linh , Kumari Archana , McAuliffe Eileen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the fashion and textile industries have come under pressure to manage customer expectations. Previous research has shown that female consumers tend to buy more clothing than male consumers and are understood to care more about fashion. However, existing studies that have focused on understanding consumer attitudes toward sustainable fast fashion consumption have not been particularly explored from the female consumer's perspective. Neither have they attempted to explore the impact of sustainable business strategies on purchasing behaviour. This study attempts to bridge this gap and focuses on exploring the attitude and purchasing behaviour of female consumers driven by sustainable business strategies of fast fashion firms. The research findings are based on responses from 155 female consumers, followed by interviews to triangulate the findings. The results show that female consumers are sustainably conscious and aware of the sustainable initiatives of fast fashion companies. Furthermore, the study indicates that female consumers' attitudes and purchasing behaviour are both (unconsciously) influenced by the sustainable initiatives of fast fashion companies. Therefore, fast fashion companies should investigate how their sustainable initiatives and strategies influence the female consumer in terms of attitude and purchasing behaviour. This study thus adds to the limited empirical studies investigating female consumers' attitudes, awareness and purchasing behaviours.
Role of human dural fibroblasts in the angiogenic responses of human endothelial cells: An in vitro dural model and the application of lab‐on‐a‐chip for EDAS
Authors: Kwon Woo‐Keun , Yoo Chang‐Min , Kim Jang Hun , Kim Tae‐Won , Kim An‐Gi , Hwang Min‐Ho , Choi Hyuk 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEncephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), an indirect anastomosis procedure, is widely accepted as a primary treatment for moyamoya disease (MMD) to improve collateral blood flow. During surgical intervention, dural fibroblasts (DuF) are thought to produce various proteins that create an angiogenic microenvironment. However, the biophysiological evidence supporting the angiogenic properties of this surgical technique has not been thoroughly elucidated. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether DuF releases pro‐angiogenic factors and chemokines and promotes angiogenic properties in human endothelial cells (ECs) under IL‐1β‐mediated wound conditions, which are expected to occur during the process of neo‐vascularization within the dura mater. Furthermore, a microfluidic chemotaxis platform was implemented to investigate the angiogenic activity of ECs in response to a reconstituted dura model. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that IL‐1β stimulation on DuF induced a significant upregulation of various pro‐angiogenic genes, including IL‐6, IL‐8, CCL‐2, CCL‐5, SMOC‐1, and SCG‐2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared to ECs cultured in naïve media or naïve DuF media, those exposed to IL‐1β‐DuF conditioned media expressed higher mRNA and protein levels of these pro‐angiogenic factors (p < 0.001). ECs co‐cultured with IL‐1β‐DuF also exhibited considerable migration on the microfluidic chemotaxis platform. Furthermore, the chemotactic effects on the ECs were reduced upon neutralization of IL‐8 or inhibition of NF‐κB signaling. Our findings demonstrate that IL‐1β‐DuFs release factors that activate and enhance the angiogenic properties of ECs. These results suggest a potential interaction between DuF and ECs following EDAS for MMD, and these components could be targeted for the development of therapeutic biomarkers.
‘I just know I am upset, and thats it!’: The role of adolescents’ attachment, emotions, and relationship with caregivers in residential care
Authors: Babo Francisca , Pinheiro Mota Catarina , Santos Beatriz , Mena Matos Paula , Carvalho Helena 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAccording to the attachment theory, the establishment of emotional bonds with significant figures is an important process in human development throughout life. The quality of the relationships between adolescents and their caregivers in residential care (RC) may act as a protective factor for internal reorganisation and the development of emotional regulation skills. The present study aims to analyse the effect of insecure attachment orientation and the quality of relationships developed with caregivers in RC settings and adolescent emotion regulation. It also aims to assess the mediating role of emotion regulation in the association between attachment and the quality of the relationship with caregivers. The sample consisted of 249 adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years old, living in RC facilities in Porto (Portugal). The results suggest that perceived insecurity of attachment to significant figures has a negative effect on emotional regulation and on the quality of the relationship with caregivers. We also found a negative mediating effect of the differentiating emotions dimension on the association between attachment and the quality of the relationship with caregivers. It is relevant to highlight the importance of close affective relationships in developing adolescents' ability to regulate their emotions and particularly the impact of caregivers and their work in residential care.
Angle based hand gesture recognition using graph convolutional network
Authors: Aiman Umme , Ahmad Tanvir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHand gesture recognition has attracted huge interest in the areas of autonomous driving, human computer systems, gaming and many others. Skeleton based techniques along with graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are being popularly used in this field due to the easy estimation of joint coordinates and better representation capability of graphs. Simple hand skeleton graphs are unable to capture the finer details and complex spatial features of hand gestures. To address these challenges, this work proposes an “angle‐based hand gesture graph convolutional network” (AHG‐GCN). This model introduces two additional types of novel edges in the graph to connect the wrist with each fingertip and finger's base, explicitly capturing their relationship, which plays an important role in differentiating gestures. Besides, novel features for each skeleton joint are designed using the angles formed with fingertip/finger‐base joints and the distance among them to extract semantic correlation and tackle the overfitting problem. Thus, an enhanced set of 25 features for each joint is obtained using these novel techniques. The proposed model achieves 90% and 88% accuracy for 14 and 28 gesture configurations for the DHG 14/28 dataset and, 94.05% and 89.4% accuracy for 14 and 28 gesture configurations for the SHREC 2017 dataset, respectively.