bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Added value of deterministic models in Decision Support Systems
Authors: Gourbesville Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Management of water uses requests to harmonize demands and needs which are getting more and more complex and sophisticated especially with the growing urbanization. Modern cities request a larger number of services for their inhabitants and expect, at the same time, to limit investments to constrain the tax pressure. The need of optimization appears at various levels and request the wide spread of monitoring strategies. At the same time, urban growth mobilizes last available spaces that are frequently under the thread of natural hazards like inundations. Decisions Supports Systems that may integrated various components both for real-time monitoring and forecast through model, appear as one of the most relevant answers to the urban environment management’s expectations. The model’s integration is a challenging task that requests to build a global vision that ensures both technical feasibility and sustainability. As demonstrated with the AquaVar approach implemented in several catchments on the French Riviera, several deterministic models can be orchestrated within a single environment that can address the diversity of the water related issues handled by local technical services. The model’s selection must integrate the evolution of the tools and the possibility to integrate gradually new approaches and methods that are more data oriented and using the results produced from the implemented deterministic tools. The recent extreme events recorded in October 2020 during the ALEX storm and the disaster within the Vésubie valley have underlined the interest of the deterministic tools. In fact, those models are the only solutions that can produce a meaningful estimation of the extreme hydrological processes and deliver the expected results to decision makers.
Introduction of integrated decision support system for flood disaster management
Authors: Hsu Hao-Ming , Gourbesville Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Heavy precipitation events and fluvial flood can cause serious damage to property and fatality, and thus flood disaster management is essential to lower the risk, to prevent and to mitigate the crisis. Effective and efficient flood disaster management requires on-site information, forecast and appropriate corresponding response strategies and measures. Therefore, a concept of integrated decision support system (DSS) for flood disaster management is proposed and discussed in this paper. The DSS integrates observation, rainfall forecast, fast flood simulation, historical events and crisis scenarios, and response strategies and measures, by means of information and communication technology (ICT) and internet of things (IoT). The DSS can provide relevant information and offer suggestions of action before and during the crisis. The DSS can also be utilised for disaster drill, education, and demonstration with the help of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) or Metaverse technology. The aims of this DSS are to improve existing response strategies and emergency services, to enhance the community-based disaster risk management, and to raise public crisis awareness.
Integrated modelling approach for flood forecasting in small Mediterranean catchment – Application to the Cagne Catchment, France
Authors: Wang Mingyan , Game Paguédame , Gourbesville Philippe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The French Mediterranean region is vulnerable to flooding caused by extreme rainstorm events. To better predict floods and anticipate consequences, the technical managing services operating on the field need to analyze the hydrological situation, receive accurate forecasts and issue alerts to the exposed population. Within this context, the various needed modelling tools are integrated within a common framework of a Decision Support System (DSS). This approach has been developed and implemented in the Cagne catchment located in the French Riviera. The Cagne catchment covers 96 km2 area and it is densely urbanized with high risks of inundation in the downstream area. The hydrological model MIKE SHE covers 96 km2 with a 20 m resolution. The river network is represented in a 1D MIKE 11 model by 18 branches and 1899 cross sections. The downstream area is covered with a high-resolution hydraulic model built with MIKE 21 FM. The model receives inputs from the hydrological model and can produce detailed inundation maps and forecasts. A major rainfall event observed from October to December 2020 is currently used as validation situation and the built modelling system has demonstrated its efficiency to reproduce the observed processes and to deliver the forecasts on due time.
Rainfall variability assessment in the hydrological catchment of Addis Ababa
Authors: Failla Giulia , Bianco Marcella Lo , Freni Gabriele , Beninati Gaetano 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) relationship is a key input for defining the hydrograph and peak flow discharge required for the hydraulic design. The IDF curves describe the relationship between rainfall intensity, rainfall duration, and return period. The objective of this study was to develop an accurate rainfall analysis in the Addis Ababa catchment. To compute reliable IDF curves, long rainfall data at fine time step scale and uniformly distributed are necessary. In Ethiopia, there is limited availability of data at sub-hourly and at spatial scales. To cope with these issues, (1) stochastic disaggregation techniques have been employed to disaggregate daily observed data into sub-hourly data and (2) to guarantee homogeneity in the project area, the merge of satellite data and observed gauged data have been considered. In this study, IDF curves have been computed for the entire hydrological catchment of Addis Ababa (~1430 km2). The results of the study include tabular and graphical presentation of IDF curves under changed climatic conditions, for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years for the durations of 15,30 min and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours.
Characteristics of line-shaped rainbands regarding duration, shape, and rainfall intensity in northern Japan using the Radar/Raingauge-Analyzed Precipitation Product
Authors: Ohya Yuta , Yamada Tomohito J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Line-shaped rainbands (LRBs), including Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs), stagnate on river basins and cause floods and landslides. Moreover, the frequency of LRBs is increasing around Hokkaido a part of northern Japan. Due to the complexity of the three-dimensional structures found in LRBs, some research dealt with two-dimensional observation data to identify them for the sake of simplicity. In previous studies, several methods to widely identify LRBs from radar rainfall data in terms of rainfall intensity, shape of rainfall area, and duration have been proposed. However, using the nationally consistent definition, the number of LRBs occurring in this region would be evaluated as very few due to the little rainfall climatology of this area. In this study, based on the previous studies, we adjust many combinations of threshold values, such as rainfall intensity, aspect ratio, and time duration in order to verify of validity the LRBs that occurred in northern Japan. The authors visually identified the six LRBs that caused the disaster and showed thresholds at which they were mechanically extractable by a computer program. The combination of thresholds that included at least six of those disaster-scale cases was “a rainfall area defined by a closed curve with a previous 3-hour rainfall of 40 mm or more, stagnating for 2 hours or more (covering 40% or more of its area), and with a maximum aspect ratio of 2.5 or more.”
Numerical simulations of flow over a side weir for diversion structures and water intakes
Authors: Nistoran Daniela-Elena Gogoaşe , Simionescu Ştefan-Mugur , Cîrciumaru Gabriela , Chihaia Rareş-Andrei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Side weirs are hydraulic structures used to divert the excess flow from a main channel into a lateral one at diversion structures or intakes, in order to control the water surface elevation or reroute part of the discharge. Flow over a side weir is considered to be a typical case of spatially varied flow, with decreasing discharge along the main channel and varying water surface elevation along the lateral crest. The objective of the paper is to apply various numerical modelling approximations (1D, 2D and 3D) using HEC-RAS and ANSYS Fluent software to virtually reproduce the flow characteristics over the side weir along the diversion canal of the Valea Iasului hydropower plant (HPP), on Argeş River (Romania). Different geometries, mesh types and sizes and the appropriate initial and boundary conditions are used for two HPP operating scenarios (fully functional and completely shut down). The water surface elevation profile along the weir crest is computed, together with a qualitative comparison between the shape of the simulated flow nappe and in-situ visualizations. Quantitative results from the numerical simulation cases are given in terms of the computed upstream and downstream weir rating curves.
Experimental and numerical investigations of the jetting regime
Authors: Tanase Nicoleta-Octavia , Rasuceanu Ioana , Balan Corneliu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this paper we highlight the first stages of liquid injection through a capillary nozzle prior to the jet formation regime. We emphasize the asymmetry of water-air interface at the beginning of the injection of liquid and the axial symmetry which follows when the jet is fully formed. Numerical simulations are performed in order to estimate the relaxation of the velocity distribution of the liquid as it leaves the capillary nozzle. The plug flow condition for low-viscosity liquid jets is investigated in relation with the parabolic velocity distribution in the nozzle. The numerical data is also used to characterize the flow during the drop formation and pinch-off, both driven by the action of surface tension.
A multi-utility and dynamic approach for the upgrade of an aged water distribution network
Authors: Minaei Amin , Creaco Enrico , Sitzenfrei Robert 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) along with other utilities are among the most important assets in every industrialized society. The rehabilitation and upgrade of WDNs refer to a very complex and multi-criteria problem which needs a comprehensive decision support system providing optimal renewal plans for the asset managers. There is a multitude of real-world problems faced with such activities. In this regard, this study aims to propose a novel method to cope with three practical challenges in WDNs rehabilitation activities including 1-budget limitation, 2- hydraulic deficiency and 3- correlation of WDNs with other infrastructures bringing the risk of cascading failures to a multiplex network. This results in a multi-objective optimization problem with three objectives which are cost, hydraulic and decoupled reliabilities. The problem is solved dynamically with the contribution of a nature inspired optimization algorithm, the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). The method is applied to a deteriorated water pipe network, and the results are compared with the ones obtained only by the consideration of two objectives, costs and hydraulic reliability showing how much the objectives are conflicted with each other.
A flexible, leak crew focused localization model using a maximum coverage search area algorithm
Authors: Snider Brett , Lewis Gareth , Chen Albert , Vamvakeridou Lydia , Savić Dragan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Buried watermains are deteriorating and pipe failure is increasing in many cities. In response, advanced leak location models have been developed to help identify where a leak is occurring – which allows utilities to react quickly to pipe bursts and reduce the impact of the leak. This paper develops a new leak location model that is designed to identify optimal search areas for leak crews using a random forest classification model and the maximum coverage location problem algorithm. The model, when compared with other machine learning and clustering localization predictions, reduces the search space by over 35%, allowing utilities to confirm leak location and mitigate its impact more efficiently. The new model is also highly customizable, able to adjust the number of search areas and search size quickly and easily to meet leak crews’ requirements.
Topological analysis of water distribution networks for optimal leak localization
Authors: Alves Débora , Blesa Joaquim , Duviella Eric , Rajaoarisoa Lala 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper introduces two methodologies to provide an optimum sensor deployment layout, one based on a model-based approach and the other entirely data-driven. The first method is formulated as an integer optimization problem, an optimization criterion consisting of minimizing the average topological distance. The second method is a new methodology to provide an optimum sensor placement regarding how many sensors to install without using hydraulic information but just exploiting the knowledge of the topology of the Water Distribution Networks. The method uses the Girvan-Newman clustering algorithm to ensure complete coverage of the network and the study of the installation of pressure sensors in the central nodes of each group, selected according to different metrics of topological centrality. The approach is illustrated in the Modena network.
WDN-tailored Complex Network Centrality Metrics for water distribution networks domain analysis
Authors: Ciliberti Francesco G , Berardi Luigi , Laucelli Daniele B , Mauro Giuseppe , Giustolisi Orazio 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) are spatially organized infrastructures, whose hydraulic behavior greatly depends on their connectivity properties, i.e., the topological domain. The Complex Network Theory (CNT) provides a wide range of useful functions and metrics that have been tailored for identifying WDNs behavior, even before using hydraulic models. This work exploits the recent studies on the WDN domain, which couple the CNT metrics of centrality tailored for WDN with the intrinsic relevance of the spatial elements of the networks. The study accounts for various combinations of metrics and intrinsic relevance functions aimed at supporting WDN analysis for operational and management tasks. A Digital Water Service (DWS) is used to enable technicians and water companies to replicate the same domain analysis in the ongoing context of digital transformation in WDN sector.
Review of leakage detection in water distribution networks
Authors: Negm Ahmed , Ma Xiandong , Aggidis George 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The conservation of water is, justifiably, a huge concern to water companies, regulatory bodies, environmentalist and more but, unfortunately, water loss through leakage can remain undetected for long periods of time without effective leakage detection. Leakage detection in water distribution networks has taken many forms through investigating varying properties of leakage. Understanding the characteristic leakage types and properties introduces the different emerging technologies. Even though some methodologies have gained popularity in the past decade, the need to establish a complete, economical leakage detection solution that effectively identifies background leakage as well as burst events persists. The benefits and limitations of the aforementioned technologies has often confused water utilities on adapting the most suitable method. Therefore, there is an arising need to classify and benchmark leakage detection practices. This paper reviews technologies in leakage detection contrasting hardware & software, intrusive & non-intrusive, steady state & transient, single & hybrid methods. A particular focus will be placed on scoping the projected direction of leakage detection and localisation. As anticipated, the various techniques refined over the last two decades introduce different capabilities, conditions, and constraints[1]. Assessing and comparing those methods will provide a deeper novel understanding of the research area thus paving the way for novel solutions.
AI-based validation of wastewater treatment plant sensor data using an open data exchange architecture
Authors: Seshan Siddharth , Vries Dirk , Duren Maarten van , Helm Alex van der , Poinapen Johann 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Typically, within the context of treatment plant-wide data, the quality of data can be impacted by sensor faults, sensor calibration issues, fouling of and obstruction to the sensors and connectivity problems between sensors, actuators and the data management system, therefore hampering advanced data driven monitoring and control of (critical) water operations. Here, a smart data validation scheme is proposed that validates sensor data from a wastewater treatment plant and is tightly integrated with the open-source data exchange system called FIWARE, an EU supported framework. The data validation application and FIWARE setup are integrated, tested and deployed at the water utility, Waternet. The validation scheme is based on an anomaly detector using (statistical) threshold techniques and a data reconciliation part that aggregates deep learning based autoencoder model predictions whenever an anomaly is detected. The autoencoder models proved to have a high accuracy and good reconciliation performance considering the variability of the signal. Furthermore, (near) real-time validated and raw data signals are relayed towards a dashboard. Finally, the validated data can be used as a screening for data ingested by another AI-based model that enables monitoring and smart control of the wastewater treatment plant in order to minimise greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption while meeting effluent water quality standards.
Effect of start and stop cycles on hydropower plants: modelling the deterioration of the equipment to evaluate the cycling cost
Authors: Savin Olivian , Badina Carmen , Pollier Renaud , Drommi Jean-Louis , Baroth Julien , Charbonnier Sylvie , Berenguer Christophe 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the high energy demand, renewable energies emerged and the deregulation of the energy market appeared in the late ’90. These types of energies are intermittent and can produce high fluctuations in the power grid because they are connected only in certain weather conditions (for example: solar energy can be produced only by day and wind energy only when it is windy). Hydropower energy is recognized for its flexibility in responding to the demands of the network in order to maintain a constant level of energy and to guarantee the security of the electrical network. Nowadays, the hydropower plants are the main provider of energy adjustments thanks to a high number of start and stop cycles (which can sometimes be around 6 per day), the fast variations in load and the use of PSH (pumped-storage hydropower). But these rapid changes in the production conditions of hydroelectric power plants lead to high stresses on the components and consequently to faster degradation (mechanical, electrical, thermal, hydraulic, etc.). This work focuses on the design of a methodology that relies on auditable methods to estimate the cost of start and stop cycles and presents three complementary, representative (by equipment), reproductible (can be applied by different operators) methods based on explicit assumptions and validated by experts and in function of the available data in order to estimate the degradation of the main components of the hydropower plant (shut-off valve, runner, generator, transformer and circuit-breaker). These methods are based on the main degradation phenomena. The first method uses on-site measurements to study the fatigue on runners, the second method uses a reliability law to estimate the lifetime of generators and a predictive model using online temperature measurements and the last method uses expert judgement due to the lack of measurements on the equipment.
Reducing operating costs in district heating systems by optimizing functional parameters. Comparative studies
Authors: Muntean Daniel , Tokar Adriana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In district heating networks, the influence of conditions: thermohydraulic, reliability, availability and cost of materials, heat demand and energy consumption for pumping, on the operation of the system must be considered in terms of optimizing the design so that the costs of production, transport and maintenance to be reduced as much as possible. These system problems are unavoidable during operation and therefore the paper proposes an analysis based on simulating the operation of the system in two possible situations: reducing the diameters of the heat transmission pipes with the compromise of increasing the energy consumption required for pumping and respectively reducing the maximum pressure losses with the advantage of obtaining an energy saving at pumping. The comparison of the results obtained by the simulation allowed the choice of the optimal solution established on the basis of the minimum total costs (capital and operational) and the minimum heat losses on the pipeline network, taking into account the variation of investment costs of the pipeline and pumping energy depending on the diameter of the pipe.
Carbon footprint of Vidraru hydropower development
Authors: Vuta Liana-Ioana , Dumitran Gabriela-Elena , Tica Eliza-Isabela , Popa Bogdan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Large hydropower developments are not considered to be environmentally friendly due to large landscape flooded by their reservoirs. There is a certain carbon footprint related to this, in the phase of construction and of the operation of the reservoirs. This paper presents GHG emissions related to an iconic reservoir from Romania, Vidraru, and demonstrate that values are close to those determined around the world and that comparing with other conventional power plants producing electricity is the best environmental option. Furthermore, must be considered the other water uses related to reservoirs as flood mitigation, water supply for population, irrigation, and industry, where reservoirs cannot be replaced by anything else.
A way to develop a micro-grid using a Siemens S7-1500 PLC
Authors: Niculescu-Faida Oana-Carmen , Minea Adrian Ion , Niculescu-Faida Adrian 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The main objective of the paper is to present a way to develop a micro grid that will help minimize electricity costs. A controller can monitor all subsystems of the micro grid, thus helping the operator to manage the key performance indicators for generation, storage and consumption in an efficient way. The micro grid generators are: a micro hydropower plant, photovoltaic panels, wind turbines. This proposal comes in support of energy developers and producers to use their investments more efficiently.