bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of visit-to-visit blood pressure variability on mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia in hypertensive patients receiving standard and intensive blood pressure treatment
Authors: Guo Hang , Tan Yi , Yao Zhizheng , Zhang Zilu , Yan Jiafu , Meng Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundHigh visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) and hypertension are risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable dementia (PD). Few articles assessed the effect of BPV on the MCI and PD in intensive blood pressure treatment and the different functions of three types of visit-to-visit BPV: systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV), diastolic blood pressure variability (DBPV) and pulse pressure variability (PPV).MethodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT MIND trial. The primary outcomes were MCI and PD. BPV was measured by average real variability (ARV). The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to clarify the difference in tertiles of BPV. We fit Cox proportional hazards models to our outcome. We also did an interaction analysis between the intensive and standard groups.ResultsWe enrolled 8,346 patients in the SPRINT MIND trial. The incidence of MCI and PD in the intensive group was lower than that in the standard group. 353 patients had MCI and 101 patients had PD in the standard group while 285 patients had MCI and 75 patients had PD in the intensive group. Tertiles with higher SBPV, DBPV and PPV in the standard group had a higher risk of MCI and PD (all p &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, higher SBPV and PPV in the intensive group were associated with an increased risk of PD (SBPV: HR(95%) = 2.1 (1.1–3.9), p = 0.026; PPV: HR(95%) = 2.0 (1.1–3.8), p = 0.025 in model 3) and higher SBPV in the intensive group was associated with an increased risk of MCI(HR(95%) = 1.4 (1.2–1.8), p &lt; 0.001 in model 3). The difference between intensive and standard blood pressure treatment was not statistically significant when we considered the effect of the higher BPV on the risk of MCI and PD (all p for interaction &gt;0.05).ConclusionIn this post hoc analysis of the SPRINT MIND trial, we found that higher SBPV and PPV were associated with an increased risk of PD in the intensive group, and higher SBPV was associated with an increased risk of MCI in the intensive group. The effect of higher BPV on the risk of MCI and PD was not significantly different in intensive and standard blood pressure treatment. These findings emphasized the need for clinical work to monitor BPV in intensive blood pressure treatment.
Optimization of the process variables on biodegradable industrial lubricant basestock synthesis from Jatropha curcas seed oil via response surface methodology
Authors: Ifeanyi-Nze Favour Okechi , Akhiehiero Ejiro Thelma 
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of biolubricants from renewable feedstocks is currently gaining attention. Over 95% of the market is comprised of lubricants made from petroleum. Due to their limited biodegradability and high eco-toxicity, lubricants generated from petroleum constitute a significant environmental hazard. As pollution levels increase and oil supplies decline, there is a rising need to develop biobased alternatives. Manufacturing cleaner fuel products will mitigate the negative environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming. Jatropha curcas seed oil is an efficient renewable feedstock for biolubricant synthesis. This study optimized the process variables on biodegradable lubricant basestock production from J. curcas seed oil. A central composite design was used to maximize the chemical interaction between J. curcas methyl ester and ethylene glycol (EG) as a polyol. A total of 20 experimental runs were done to examine reaction temperature, time, and the ethylene glycol to fatty acid methyl ester (EG-to-FAME) molar ratio. A statistical model indicated that the maximum conversion yield of jatropha biolubricant (JBL) would be 92.48% under the following optimum reaction conditions: 128.95°C, 202.40 min, and ethylene glycol to fatty acid methyl ester (EG-to-FAME) molar ratio of 3.87:1. At these optimum conditions, an average jatropha biolubricant (JBL) yield of 94.12% was achieved under experimental conditions, and this value was well within the range predicted (92.48%) by the model. The quadratic model predicted the biolubricant output (R2 = 0.9919). The synthesized biolubricant met the requirements of Viscosity Grade 46 (ISO VG 46) set by the International Organization for Standardization.
Genome-wide identification of alternative splicing and splicing regulated in immune infiltration in osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Dai Zhibing , Sun Yachao , Maihemuti Maierdanjiang , Jiang Renbing 
Published: April 2023

Background: Osteosarcoma typically occurs in adolescents, and the survival rate of patients with metastatic and recurrent osteosarcoma remains low. Abnormal regulation of alternative splicing is associated with the development of osteosarcoma. However, there is no genome-wide analysis of the function and regulatory mechanisms of aberrant alternative splicing associated with osteosarcoma.Methods: Published transcriptome data on osteosarcoma (GSE126209) derived from osteosarcoma patient tissue were downloaded. Gene expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing was performed on 9 normal samples and 10 tumor samples for genome-wide identification of osteosarcoma-related alternative splicing events. The potential function of osteosarcoma-associated alternative splicing events was examined by immune infiltration and correlation analysis. Regulation of aberrantly expressed RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) related to alternative splicing in osteosarcoma was clarified by co-expression analysis.Results: A total of 63 alternative splicing events, which are highly credible and dominant, were identified. GO enrichment analysis indicated that alternative splicing may be closely related to the immune response process. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant changes in the percentages of CD8 T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, monocytes, resting dendritic cells, and activated mast cells in tumors compared to normal tissues, indicating the involvement of these immune cell types in the occurrence of osteosarcoma. Moreover, the analysis identified alternative splicing events that were co-altered with resting memory CD4 T cells, resting dendritic cells, and activated mast cells, events that may be associated with regulation of the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment. In addition, a co-regulatory network (RBP-RAS-immune) of osteosarcoma-associated RBPs with aberrant alternative splicing and altered immune cells was established. These RBPs include NOP58, FAM120C, DYNC1H1, TRAP1, and LMNA, which may serve as molecular targets for osteosarcoma immune regulation.Conclusion: These findings allow us to further understand the causes of osteosarcoma development and provide a new research direction for osteosarcoma immunotherapy or targeted therapy.
Efficacy and safety of different JAK inhibitors in the treatment of alopecia areata: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Dongfan , Chen Yi , Shen Yuqing , Xie Bo , Song Xiuzu 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundAlopecia areata (AA) is an immune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss. With the widespread application of JAK inhibitors in immune-related diseases, attention is being given to their role in the treatment of AA. However, it is unclear which JAK inhibitors have a satisfactory or positive effect on AA. This network meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different JAK inhibitors in the treatment of AA.MethodsThe network meta-analysis was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. We included randomized controlled trials as well as a small number of cohort studies. The differences in efficacy and safety between the treatment and control groups were compared.ResultsFive randomized controlled trials, two retrospective studies, and two prospective studies involving 1689 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. In terms of efficacy, oral baricitinib and ruxolitinib significantly improved the response rate of patients compared to placebo [MD = 8.44, 95% CI (3.63, 19.63)] and [MD = 6.94, 95% CI, (1.72, 28.05)],respectively. Oral baricitinib treatment significantly improved the response rate compared to non-oral JAK inhibitor treatment [MD=7.56, 95% CI (1.32,43.36)]. Oral baricitinib, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib treatments significantly improved the complete response rate compared to placebo [MD = 12.21, 95% CI (3.41, 43.79)], [MD = 10.16, 95% CI (1.02, 101.54)], and [MD = 9.79, 95% CI, (1.29, 74.27)], respectively. In terms of safety, oral baricitinib, tofacitinib, and ruxolitinib treatments significantly reduced treatment-emergent adverse event rates compared with conventional steroid treatment [MD = 0.08, 95% CI (0.02, 0.42)], [MD = 0.14, 95% CI (0.04, 0.55)], and [MD = 0.35, 95% CI, (0.14, 0.88)], respectively.ConclusionOral baricitinib and ruxolitinib are excellent options for the treatment of AA owing to their good efficacy and safety profiles. In contrast, non-oral JAK inhibitors do not appear to have satisfactory efficacy in treating AA. However, further studies are required to verify the optimal dose of JAK inhibitors for AA therapy.
The effect of paternal psoriasis on neonatal outcomes: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Huang Yu-Huei , Chiou Meng-Jiun , Yang Shun-Fa , Kuo Chang-Fu 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease involving both environmental and genetic risk factors. Maternal psoriasis often results in poor pregnancies that influence both mothers and newborns. However, the influence of paternal psoriasis on the newborn remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether paternal psoriasis is associated with increased risk of adverse neonatal outcomes, within a nationwide population-based data setting.MethodsSingleton pregnancies were identified in the Taiwan National Health Insurance database and National Birth Registry between 2004-2011 and classified into four study groups according to whether mothers and spouses had psoriasis (paternal(−)/maternal(−), paternal(+)/maternal(−), paternal(−)/maternal(+), and paternal(+)/maternal(+)). Data were analyzed retrospectively. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) or hazard ratios (aHR) were calculated to evaluate the risk of neonatal outcomes between groups.ResultsA total of 1,498,892 singleton pregnancies were recruited. Newborns of fathers with psoriasis but not of mothers with psoriasis were associated with an aHR (95% CI) of 3.69 (1.65–8.26) for psoriasis, 1.13 (1.06–1.21) for atopic dermatitis and 1.05 (1.01–1.10) for allergic rhinitis. Newborns of mothers with psoriasis but not of fathers with psoriasis were associated with an aOR (95% CI) of 1.26 (1.12-1.43) for low birth weight (&lt;2500 g) and 1.64 (1.10–2.43) for low Apgar scores, and an aHR of 5.70 (2.71–11.99) for psoriasis.ConclusionNewborns of fathers with psoriasis are associated with significantly higher risk of developing atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and psoriasis. Caution is advised for adverse neonatal outcomes when either or both parents have psoriasis.
Vertical distribution of Fe, P and correlation with organic carbon in coastal sediments of Yellow Sea, Eastern China
Authors: Qi Zizhen , Gao Lei , Chen Daixing , Wang Xuhao , Liu Huan , Yang Yang , Zhao Yulian , Lu Xiancai 
Published: April 2023

The coastal zone is considered as a major carbon pool. Iron minerals and phosphates are vital factors affecting the amounts and occurrence of total organic carbon (TOC) in sediments. However, coupling mechanisms of iron (Fe) and phosphorous (P) in the source-sink transition of TOC in coastal sediments is poorly understood. This study characterized the distribution of Fe, P and TOC contents of three independent 170 cm sediment cores sampled from a coastal aquaculture area in the eastern Jiangsu Province, and quantified the correlations among Fe, P, median grain diameter (Dx(50)), and TOC. The results showed total phosphorus (TP) content ranges in a scope of 337.4-578.0 mg/kg, and many depths recorded moderate P eutrophication. Inorganic phosphorus (DA + IP) and biogenic apatite were the primary components of TP, accounting for 25.19–55.00 and 26.71–49.62%, respectively. The Fe contents varied from 987.9 mg/kg to 2900.7 mg/kg, in which oxidized iron (Feox) accounted for about 62.2–79.4%. In the vertical profile, the TOC was positively correlated with the contents of low-crystallinity Fe-bearing carbonates (Fecarb), high crystallinity pyrite (FePy), iron-bound phosphorus (PCDB), manganeses (Mn), and nitrogen (N), while it was negatively correlated with DA + IP, organic phosphorus (OP), and Dx(50). Based on the the partial least squares (PLS) model, we proposed that the higher FePy, Mn, magnetite (FeMag), Fecarb, PCDB, amorphous exchangeable Fe (Ex-Fe), and authigenic apatite phosphorus (Bio-P) in sediments represent the high capacity for TOC sink, whereas, higher DA + IP, and OP indicate a TOC conversion to the source. The non-siginificat indication of Feox on TOC source-sink is due to its surplus and strong reactivity relative to TOC content. These revealed correlations provide a theoretical reference for understanding and regulating the burial rate and storage of TOC by changing the input of Fe minerals and P components into coastal sediments.
Assessing key influences on the distribution and life-history of Arctic and boreal Calanus: are online databases up to the challenge?
Authors: Freer Jennifer J. , Tarling Geraint A. 
Published: April 2023

Despite the importance of calanoid copepods to healthy ecosystem functioning of the Arctic Ocean and Subarctic Seas, many aspects of their biogeography, particularly in winter months, remain unresolved. At the same time, online databases that digitize species distribution records are growing in popularity as a tool to investigate ecological patterns at macro scales. The value of such databases for Calanus research requires investigation - the long history of Calanus sampling holds promise for such databases, while conditions at high latitudes may impose limits through spatial and temporal biases. We collated records of three Calanus species (C. finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and C. hyperboreus) from the Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) providing over 230,000 unique records spanning 150 years and over 100 individual datasets. After quality control and cleaning, the latitudinal and vertical distribution of occurrences were explored, as well as the completeness of informative metadata fields. Calanus sampling was found to be temporally and spatially biased towards surfacemost layers (&lt;10m) in spring and summer. Only 3.5% of records had an average collection depth ≥400m, approximately half of these in months important for diapause. Just over 40% of records lacked associated information on sampling protocol while 11% of records lacked life-stage information. OBIS data contained fields for maximum and minimum collection depth and so were subset into discrete “shallow summer” and “deep winter” life cycle phases and matched to sea-ice and temperature conditions. 23% of OBIS records north of 66° latitude were located in regions of seasonal sea-ice presence and occurrences show species-specific thermal optima during the shallow summer period. The collection depth of C. finmarchicus was significantly different to C. hyperboreus during the deep winter. Overall, online databases contain a vast number of Calanus records but sampling biases should be acknowledged when they are used to investigate patterns of biogeography. We advocate efforts to integrate additional data sources within online portals. Particular gaps to be filled by existing or future collections are (i) widening the spatial extent of sampling during spring/summer months, (ii) increasing the frequency of sampling during winter, particularly at depths below 400m, and (iii) improving the quality, quantity and consistency of metadata reporting.
Risk factors and outcomes of lower respiratory tract infections after traumatic brain injury: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Caceres Eder , Olivella Juan C. , Yanez Miguel , Viñan Emilio , Estupiñan Laura , Boada Natalia , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Reyes Luis Felipe 
Published: April 2023

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health problem with a high burden in terms of disability and death. Infections are a common complication, with respiratory infections being the most frequent. Most available studies have addressed the impact of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) after TBI; therefore, we aim to characterize the hospital impact of a broader entity, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs).MethodsThis observational, retrospective, single-center cohort study describes the clinical features and risk factors associated with LRTIs in patients with TBI admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). We used bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to identify the risk factors associated with developing LRTI and determine its impact on hospital mortality.ResultsWe included 291 patients, of whom 77% (225/291) were men. The median (IQR) age was 38 years (28–52 years). The most common cause of injury was road traffic accidents 72% (210/291), followed by falls 18% (52/291) and assault at 3% (9/291). The median (IQR) Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on admission was 9 (6–14), and 47% (136/291) were classified as severe TBI, 13% (37/291) as moderate TBI, and 40% (114/291) as mild TBI. The median (IQR) injury severity score (ISS) was 24 (16–30). Nearly 48% (141/291) of patients presented at least one infection during hospitalization, and from those, 77% (109/141) were classified as LRTIs, which included tracheitis 55% (61/109), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 34% (37/109), and hospital-acquired pneumoniae (HAP) 19% (21/109). After multivariable analysis, the following variables were significantly associated with LRTIs: age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.01–1.2), severe TBI (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1–6.9), AIS thorax (OR 1.4, 95 CI 1.1–1.8), and mechanical ventilation on admission (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.1–13.5). At the same time, hospital mortality did not differ between groups (LRTI 18.6% vs. No LRTI 20.1%, p = 0.7), and ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) were longer in the LRTI group (median [IQR] 12 [9–17] vs. 5 [3–9], p &lt; 0.01) and (median [IQR] 21 [13–33] vs. 10 [5–18], p = 0.01), respectively. Time on the ventilator was longer for those with LRTIs.ConclusionThe most common site/location of infection in patients with TBI admitted to ICU is respiratory. Age, severe TBI, thoracic trauma, and mechanical ventilation were identified as potential risk factors. LRTI was associated with prolonged ICU, hospital stay, and more days on a ventilator, but not with mortality.
The association between sleep duration, respiratory symptoms, asthma, and COPD in adults
Authors: Ruan Zhishen , Li Dan , Cheng Xiaomeng , Jin Minyan , liu Ying , Qiu Zhanjun , Chen Xianhai 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionThe association between sleep duration and cough, wheezing, and dyspnea was unclear. This research aimed to test this relationship.MethodsResearch data were obtained from people who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2012. We used weighted logistic regression analysis and fitted curves to explore the association between sleep and respiratory symptoms. In addition, we investigated the association between sleep duration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. The stratified analysis is used to analyze inflection points and specific populations.ResultsThe 14,742 subjects are weighted to reflect the 45,678,491 population across the United States. Weighted logistic regression and fitted curves show a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and cough and dyspnea. This U-shaped relationship remained in people without COPD and asthma. The stratified analysis confirmed that sleep duration before 7.5 h was negatively associated with cough (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.87) and dyspnea (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77–0.88). In contrast, it was positively associated with cough and (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14–1.48) dyspnea (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00–1.26) when sleep duration was &gt;7.5 h. In addition, short sleep duration is associated with wheezing, asthma, and COPD.ConclusionBoth long and short sleep duration are associated with cough and dyspnea. And short sleep duration is also an independent risk factor for wheezing, asthma, and COPD. This finding provides new insights into the management of respiratory symptoms and diseases.
Technology-enhanced simulation for healthcare professionals: A meta-analysis
Authors: Mitchell Aaron A. , Ivimey-Cook Edward R. 
Published: April 2023

AimThere have been substantial changes in the simulation technology landscape, in particular virtual reality (VR), during the past decade, which have resulted in increased abundance and decreased cost. We therefore updated a previous meta-analysis conducted in 2011, aiming to quantify the impact of digital technology-enhanced simulation (T-ES) compared with traditional teaching in physicians, physicians-in-training, nurses, and nursing students.DesignWe conducted a meta-analysis consisting of randomized controlled trials published in English between January 2011 and December 2021 in peer-reviewed journals indexed in seven databases. Moderators for study duration, instruction, type of healthcare worker, type of simulation, outcome measure, and study quality rated by Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) score were included in our model and used to calculate estimated marginal means (EMMs).ResultsThe overall effect of T-ES was positive across the 59 studies included in the analysis compared with traditional teaching [overall effect size 0.80 (95% CI 0.60, 1.00)]. This indicates that T-ES is effective in improving outcomes across a wide variety of settings and participants. The impact of T-ES was found to be greatest for expert-rated product metrics such as procedural success, and process metrics such as efficiency, compared with knowledge and procedure time metrics.ConclusionsThe impacts of T-ES training on the outcome measures included in our study were greatest in nurses, nursing students and resident physicians. T-ES was strongest in studies featuring physical high-fidelity mannequins or centers, compared with VR sensory environment T-ES, though there was considerable uncertainty in all statistical analyses. Further high-quality studies are required to assess direct effects of simulation training on patient and public health outcomes.