bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding farmers’ barriers to health and mental health‐related help‐seeking: The development, factor structure, and reliability of the Farmer Help‐Seeking Scale
Authors: Skaczkowski Gemma , Hull Melissa , Smith Ashleigh E. , Dollman James , Jones Martin , Gunn Kate M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this research was to develop a contextually and culturally appropriate scale to assess farmers’ barriers to health‐related help‐seeking.MethodsAn initial pool of items was developed from the academic literature and input from an expert panel of farmers, rural academics, and rural clinicians. A draft 32‐item questionnaire was then developed and sent to farmers registered with FARMbase, which is an Australian national farmer database.FindingsTwo hundred and seventy‐four farmers completed the draft questionnaire (93.7% male, 73.7% aged 56‐75 years). An exploratory factor analysis identified 6 factors; “Health Issues are a Low Priority,” “Concerns about Stigma,” “Structural Health System Barriers,” “Minimization and Normalization,” “Communication Barriers,” and “Continuity of Care.”. Test‐retest reliability was examined with a further 10 farmers (90% male, Mean age = 57, SD = 5.91), who completed the questionnaire twice (at 2‐ to 3‐week intervals). Results indicated moderate‐good test‐retest reliability.ConclusionsThe resulting 24‐item Farmer Help‐Seeking Scale provides a measure of help‐seeking that is specifically designed to capture the unique context, culture, and attitudes that can interfere with farmers’ help‐seeking, and inform the development of strategies to increase health‐service utilization in this at‐risk group.
Assessment of gastrointestinal health in racing Alaskan sled dogs using capsule endoscopy and inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Mabry K. , Davis M. S. , Gould E. , Gogal R. M. , Steiner J. M. , Tolbert M. K. , Hill T. L. 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesExercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome occurs in dogs and people and might compromise athlete performance by increasing intestinal permeability and causing gastrointestinal erosions. Racing sled dogs often receive acid suppressant prophylaxis which decreases the incidence of gastric erosions induced by exercise. The objectives were to quantify intestinal injury by measuring serum pro‐inflammatory cytokine concentrations before and after exercise and to evaluate gastrointestinal mucosa using video capsule endoscopy after exercise.Materials and MethodsProspective study of 12 racing Alaskan sled dogs receiving approximately 1 mg/kg omeprazole once daily from the day before the race until race completion. Blood was drawn before and 8 to 10 hours after an endurance race for the quantification of cytokines. Gastrointestinal tract mucosa was assessed with video capsule endoscopy immediately post‐race.ResultsEight of nine dogs (89%; 95% confidence interval 52 to 100%) had gastric erosions; all dogs (100%, 95% confidence interval 63 to 100%) had small intestinal erosions. Most of the dogs (seven of nine) had straw or foreign material present. Cytokine levels were not different from before to after the race.Clinical SignificanceVideo capsule endoscopy identified gastrointestinal tract mucosal erosions after exercise in all dogs receiving once‐daily omeprazole treatment, though other causes for the lesions besides exercise are possible.
Evangelical Civil War on the College Campus, White Evangelical Right Framing Resistance to Racial Justice in 2020s America
Authors: Kim Rebecca Y. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper examines a civil war brewing among evangelicals on the college campus over racial justice—calls for greater racial equality, equity, and inclusion—in the era of Black Lives Matter (BLM). It examines how the white evangelical right are framing their resistance to racial justice and redrawing the color line in the contemporary college evangelical landscape not with distant “social justice warriors” in broader secular society, but with those right inside their evangelical community who, at varying levels, are coming out in support for racial justice in 2020s America. To do this, I first examine the varied campus evangelicals that support racial justice and how they express and frame their support as proper religious practice. I then explicate how the white evangelical right utilize a strategy of colorblind‐othering to fight against these co‐evangelicals that support racial justice. Data for the study come from the Landscape Study of Chaplaincy and Campus Ministry (2019–22).
Effects of disturbance on macrofaunalbiodiversity‐ecosystemfunctioning relationships in seagrass habitats
Authors: Colvin T. J. , Snelgrove P. V. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSeagrass beds support diverse macrofaunal communities, and collectively they influence carbon and nutrient cycles; however, we know little on how seagrass disturbance alters this relationship. In Newfoundland, Canada, the invasive European green crabCarcinus maenasthreatens the seagrassZostera marinaby snipping and uprooting seagrasses while foraging and burrowing. In order to understand the effects of seagrass disturbance on macrofaunal diversity and ecosystem functioning within sediments, we experimentally uprooted small patches of seagrass and compared rates of oxygen and nutrient fluxes from sediment cores from uprooted (disturbed) patches, seagrasses, and unvegetated sediments nearby. In parallel, we assessed macrofaunal biodiversity (taxonomic and functional) and sedimentary (granulometric properties and organic matter content/freshness) variables in all three of these treatments over a three‐month period. As expected, macrofaunal abundance, species richness and functional richness declined significantly initially in disturbed cores, although this decrease had little effect on benthic flux rates. Over 3 months, macrofaunal colonization of the disturbed sediments resulted in abundances similar to the natural seagrass and unvegetated treatments. We also observed a change in nutrient flux rates that we attribute to seasonal shifts in regeneration pathways rather than macrofaunal community recovery, suggesting a lesser role for macrofaunal diversity in carbon and nutrient cycling in dynamic nearshore habitats than in deeper water. Our results demonstrate the impacts of green crab‐mediated seagrass disturbance on macrofaunal abundance and community structure while highlighting their potential capacity for rapid stabilization, and emphasize the strength of large‐scale seasonal environmental changes on ecosystem processes.
Therapeutic outcomes wide association scan of different antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: Randomized clinical trials and multi‐ancestry validation
Authors: Lu Zhe , Zhang Yuyanan , Sun Yaoyao , Liao Yundan , Kang Zhewei , Feng Xiaoyang , Yan Hao , Wang Lifang , Lu Tianlan , Zhang Dai , Yue Weihua 
Published: May 2023

AimThis study identified discrepant therapeutic outcomes of antipsychotics.MethodsA total of 5191 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled, 3030 as discovery cohort, 1395 as validation cohort, and 766 as multi‐ancestry validation cohort. Therapeutic Outcomes Wide Association Scan was conducted. Types of antipsychotics (one antipsychotic vs other antipsychotics) were dependent variables, therapeutic outcomes including efficacy and safety were independent variables.ResultsIn discovery cohort, olanzapine related to higher risk of weight gain (AIWG, OR: 2.21–2.86), liver dysfunction (OR: 1.75–2.33), sedation (OR: 1.76–2.86), increased lipid level (OR: 2.04–2.12), and lower risk of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS, OR: 0.14–0.46); risperidone related to higher risk of hyperprolactinemia (OR: 12.45–20.53); quetiapine related to higher risk of sedation (OR = 1.73), palpitation (OR = 2.87), increased lipid level (OR = 1.69), lower risk of hyperprolactinemia (OR: 0.09–0.11), and EPS (OR: 0.15–0.44); aripiprazole related to lower risk of hyperprolactinemia (OR: 0.09–0.14), AIWG (OR = 0.44), sedation (OR: 0.33–0.47), and QTc prolongation (β = −2.17); ziprasidone related to higher risk of increased QT interval (β range: 3.11–3.22), nausea (OR: 3.22–3.91), lower risk of AIWG (OR: 0.27–0.46), liver dysfunction (OR: 0.41–0.38), and increased lipid level (OR: 0.41–0.55); haloperidol related to higher risk of EPS (OR: 2.64–6.29), hyperprolactinemia (OR: 5.45–9.44), and increased salivation (OR: 3.50–3.68). Perphenazine related to higher risk of EPS (OR: 1.89–2.54). Higher risk of liver dysfunction in olanzapine and lower risk of hyperprolactinemia in aripiprazole were confirmed in validation cohort, and higher risk of AIWG in olanzapine and hyperprolactinemia in risperidone were confirmed in multi‐ancestry validation cohort.ConclusionFuture precision medicine should focus on personalized side‐effects.
Legal Judgment as Self‐Mastery
Authors: Eleftheriadis Pavlos 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany legal theorists see legal judgment as a largely professional or technical task. This is not how law sees itself. When looked at from the perspective of the engaged judge, law requires from us that we arrive at a certain internal governance of our thoughts and emotions. Legal scholarship and legal procedure tell us that law creates true reasons that override other, personal, reasons, even those of the utmost importance to us. A philosophical understanding of law requires a distinct argument that explains how such overriding reasons can be associated with the law and how there can be a personal duty to adapt our reasoning when we make authoritative legal judgments in order to change the lives of others. The philosophy of law needs to explain how legal judgment can be a form of self‐mastery.
Risk analysis sampling methods in terrorist networks based on the Banzhaf value
Authors: Algaba Encarnación , Prieto Andrea , Saavedra‐Nieves Alejandro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis article introduces the Banzhaf and the Banzhaf–Owen values as novel measures of risk analysis of a terrorist attack, determining the most dangerous terrorists in a network. This new approach counts with the advantage of integrating at the same time the complete topology (i.e., nodes and edges) of the network and a coalitional structure on the nodes of the network. More precisely, the characteristics of the nodes (e.g., terrorists) of the network and their possible relationships (e.g., types of communication links), as well as coalitional information (e.g., level of hierarchies) independent of the network. First, for these two new measures of risk analysis, we provide and implement approximation algorithms. Second, as illustration, we rank the members of the Zerkani network, responsible for the attacks in Paris (2015) and Brussels (2016). Finally, we give a comparison between the rankings established by the Banzhaf and the Banzhaf–Owen values as measures of risk analysis.
Ammonia volatilization from ammonium sulfate as sulfur source
Authors: Chien S. H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSurface application of ammonium sulfate (AMS) as S source to soils with pH ≥7.0 is subjected to ammonia (NH3) volatilization. However, AMS volatilizes less NH3 than urea does. In soils with pH <7.0, unlike urea, very little NH3 volatilization from AMS occurs. The associated N with AMS may enhance early biological N fixation by leguminous crops as compared to S sources without N such as polyhalite.
Role of smoothened and sfrp genes in Eupentacta fraudatrix regeneration
Authors: Girich Alexander , Sadriev Konstantin , Frolova Lidia , Dolmatov Igor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe secreted frizzled‐related proteins (sfrp) and smoothened (smo) genes and their possible role in the regeneration of internal organs in the holothurian Eupentacta fraudatrix were studied. In this species, two sfrp genes were identified: sfrp1/2/5, sfrp3/4 and one smo gene. Their expression was analysed during regeneration of the aquapharyngeal bulb (AB) and intestine, and these genes were knock down by RNA interference. It has been shown that the expression of these genes is extremely important for the formation of AB. In all animals subjected to knockdown, at 7 days after evisceration, a full‐sized AB rudiment was not formed. As a result of sfrp1/2/5 knockdown, the process of extracellular matrix remodelling in AB is interrupted, that leading to clusters of dense connective tissue formation, which slows down cell migration. When sfrp3/4 is knockdown, the connective tissue of AB anlage is completely disrupted and its symmetry is broken. The effect of smo knockdown was expressed in a significant impairment of AB regeneration, when connections between ambulacras were not formed after evisceration. However, despite severe disturbances in AB regeneration, a normal‐sized gut anlage developed in all cases, which suggests that the regeneration of the digestive tube and AB occur independently of each other.
Accretion disc around black hole in Einstein-SU(N) non-linear sigma model
Authors: Abbas G. , Rehman Hamza , Usama M. , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe accretion of matter onto celestial bodies like black holes and neutron stars is a natural phenomenon that releases up to $$40\%$$

40
%

of the matter’s rest-mass energy, which is considered a source of radiation. In active galactic nuclei and X-ray binaries, huge luminosities are observed as a result of accretion. Using isothermal fluid, we examine the accretion and geodesic motion of particles in the vicinity of a spherically symmetric black hole spacetime in the Einstein-SU(N) non-linear sigma model. In the accretion process, the disk-like structure is produced by the geodesic motion of particles near the black hole. We determine the innermost stable circular orbit, energy flux, radiation temperature, and radioactive efficiency numerically. In the equatorial plane, we investigate the mobility of particles with stabilities that form circular orbits. We examine perturbations of a test particle by using restoring forces and particle oscillations in the vicinity of the black hole. We analyze the maximum accretion rate and critical flow of the fluid. Our findings demonstrate how parameter N influences the circular motion of a test particle as well as the maximum accretion rate of the black hole in the Einstein-SU(N) non-linear sigma model.
High Performance on a Pragmatic Task May Not Be the Result of Successful Reasoning: On the Importance of Eliciting Participants’ Reasoning Strategies
Authors: Mayn Alexandra , Demberg Vera 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Formal probabilistic models, such as the Rational Speech Act model, are widely used for formalizing the reasoning involved in various pragmatic phenomena, and when a model achieves good fit to experimental data, that is interpreted as evidence that the model successfully captures some of the underlying processes. Yet how can we be sure that participants’ performance on the task is the result of successful reasoning and not of some feature of experimental setup? In this study, we carefully manipulate the properties of the stimuli that have been used in several pragmatics studies and elicit participants’ reasoning strategies. We show that certain biases in experimental design inflate participants’ performance on the task. We then repeat the experiment with a new version of stimuli which is less susceptible to the identified biases, obtaining a somewhat smaller effect size and more reliable estimates of individual-level performance.
Khālid al-Kātib in the Biographical Tradition
Authors: Tobkin Jennifer 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Khālid al-Kātib is the author of more than 500 love poems and was associated with several notables of the Abbasid court, including Ibrāhīm b. al-Mahdī. Male-male love is a major theme in Khālid’s poetry and akhbār. Abū Tammām figures prominently in the biographical anecdotes about Khālid, both as an admirer and an adversary. Khālid’s akhbār in Kitāb al-Aghānī, Taʾrīkh Baghdād, and other sources provide insights into his relationships with his contemporaries while leaving open many questions about life, love, and poetry in Abbasid Baghdad.
Creative Self-Beliefs Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ginns Paul , Martin Andrew J , Freebody Kelly , Anderson Michael , O’Connor Peter 
Published: May 2023

Young people’s confidence in their creative abilities, as well as their beliefs about whether these abilities are fixed or malleable, play potentially important roles in educators’ efforts to foster creativity. This study explores a multidimensional model of young people’s creative self-beliefs that comprises creative self-efficacy, growth-creative mindsets, and fixed-creative mindsets. It operationalizes and tests this model via a new three-factor instrument appropriate for young samples. Drawing on data from 2980 children and adolescents (mean age 12–13 years), confirmatory factor analysis established the construct validity of the scales, and hence, the multidimensional concepts underpinning creative self-beliefs. All measures evinced suitable levels of reliability, and invariance analysis supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender, language background, and school type. Findings supported the convergent and divergent validity of scales against Big Five (openness and conscientiousness) personality measures. Implications of this three-factor creative self-beliefs model for researchers, educational practitioners, and youth are discussed.
Expectancy or Salience?—Replicating Senders’ Dial-Monitoring Experiments With a Gaze-Contingent Window
Authors: Eisma Yke Bauke , Bakay Ahmed , de Winter Joost 
Published: May 2023

Introduction In the 1950s and 1960s, John Senders carried out a number of influential experiments on the monitoring of multidegree-of-freedom systems. In these experiments, participants were tasked with detecting events (threshold crossings) for multiple dials, each presenting a signal with different bandwidth. Senders’ analyses showed a nearly linear relationship between signal bandwidth and the amount of attention paid to the dial, and he argued that humans sample according to bandwidth, in line with the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. Objective The current study tested whether humans indeed sample the dials based on bandwidth alone or whether they also use salient peripheral cues. Methods A dial-monitoring task was performed by 33 participants. In half of the trials, a gaze-contingent window was used that blocked peripheral vision. Results The results showed that, without peripheral vision, humans do not effectively distribute their attention across the dials. The findings also suggest that, when given full view, humans can detect the speed of the dial using their peripheral vision. Conclusion It is concluded that salience and bandwidth are both drivers of distributed visual attention in a dial-monitoring task. Application The present findings indicate that salience plays a major role in guiding human attention. A subsequent recommendation for future human–machine interface design is that task-critical elements should be made salient.
Dietary total antioxidant capacity and serum 8-OHdG in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Karagöl Gülbin , Songur Emrah , Rakıcıoğlu Neslişah 
Published: May 2023

Background Dietary total antioxidant capacity serves as an indicator for dietary quality and reflects daily antioxidant intake. This study aimed to determine the oxidative stress status of patients with schizophrenia and to examine the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker for oxidative stress. Methods This study was conducted in Turkey and involved 40 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., and 30 healthy controls matched for age and gender. The participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional habits were determined through face-to-face interviews and through the use of questionnaires. The dTAC and dietary oxidative balance scores were calculated using a three-day dietary intake record. 8-OHdG levels were analyzed in the serum samples collected from the subjects. Results Dietary ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP-1, FRAP-2), Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) values were lower in patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy controls ( P < 0.05). Serum 8-OHdG levels were found similar in both groups ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Nutritional interventions are needed in patients with schizophrenia given that insufficient antioxidant intake may increase oxidative stress, which in turn affects disease development. Therefore, healthy nutrition, especially sufficient intake of dietary antioxidants, should be encouraged in patients with schizophrenia.
Eiffel Tower: A deep-sea underwater dataset for long-term visual localization
Authors: Boittiaux Clémentin , Dune Claire , Ferrera Maxime , Arnaubec Aurélien , Marxer Ricard , Matabos Marjolaine , Van Audenhaege Loïc , Hugel Vincent 
Published: May 2023

Visual localization plays an important role in the positioning and navigation of robotics systems within previously visited environments. When visits occur over long periods of time, changes in the environment related to seasons or day-night cycles present a major challenge. Under water, the sources of variability are due to other factors such as water conditions or growth of marine organisms. Yet, it remains a major obstacle and a much less studied one, partly due to the lack of data. This paper presents a new deep-sea dataset to benchmark underwater long-term visual localization. The dataset is composed of images from four visits to the same hydrothermal vent edifice over the course of 5 years. Camera poses and a common geometry of the scene were estimated using navigation data and Structure-from-Motion. This serves as a reference when evaluating visual localization techniques. An analysis of the data provides insights about the major changes observed throughout the years. Furthermore, several well-established visual localization methods are evaluated on the dataset, showing there is still room for improvement in underwater long-term visual localization. The data is made publicly available at seanoe.org/data/00810/92226/.
Rates and causes of mortality among the homeless in Sydney
Authors: Woodman Logan , Staples Lauren , Karin Eyal , Solterbeck Kirra , Burns Nicholas , Mitchell Rebecca , Nielssen Olav 
Published: May 2023

Objective To report on the rate and causes of mortality, and associations with premature mortality among the homeless in inner city Sydney. Method Retrospective cohort study of 2,498 people who attended a psychiatric clinic conducted at the three main homeless hostels between 17 February 2008 and 19 May 2020. Cox’s proportional hazards regression was used to identify factors associated with mortality. Results A total of 324 of the 2498 (13.0%) clinic attenders were found to have died in the follow-up period, with a mean age at death of 50.7 years. Unnatural causes of death (119/324, 36.7%) included drug overdose (24.1%), suicide (6.8%) and other injuries (5.9%), at a younger age (44.4 years) than those who died from natural causes (54.4 years). There were 142 (43.8%) deaths from natural causes and 63 (19.4%) in which the cause of death was not determined. Conclusions The study confirms the high mortality of homeless clinic attenders in Sydney found in a study from 30 years earlier. The lower mortality among regular attenders supports the provision of accessible services to address the physical health needs of homeless people, as well as ready access to mental health and substance use services.