bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digit ratio (2D:4D), laryngeal cancer and vocal fold leukoplakia
Authors: Pietruszewska Wioletta , Morawska Joanna , Manning John T. , Sitek Aneta , Antoszewski Bogusław , Kasielska-Trojan Anna 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
To date, there are no studies that have analyzed the possible influence of exposure to prenatal sex hormones on the risk of laryngeal cancer (LC) and premalignant laryngeal lesion—vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL). Digit ratio (2D:4D) is suggested to be a proxy of prenatal sex hormone exposure.

Objective
To examine 2D:4D in patients with LC and clarify if it could add to the verified risk factors in estimating the overall risk of LC.

Methods
511 subjects participated in the study. The study group included 269 patients: with LC (N = 114, 64 men) and VFL (N = 155, 116 men). Controls included 242 healthy individuals (66.40 ± 4.50 years (106 men)).

Results
Predictive models estimating the risk of VFL and LC in women, based solely on predictors like smoking and alcohol consumption had a lower area under the ROC curve (AUC) than the model with left 2D:4D. AUC for the model estimating the likelihood of VFL increased from 0.83 to 0.85, and for LC from 0.76 to 0.79.

Conclusions
Low left 2D:4D may be associated with an increased risk of developing leukoplakia and laryngeal cancer in women. In the case of laryngeal cancer, left 2D:4D may serve as additional variable (to other known risk factors, such as smoking and/or alcohol consumption), which can improve cancer risk prediction.
Stacking-based ensemble learning for remaining useful life estimation
Authors: Ture Begum Ay , Akbulut Akhan , Zaim Abdul Halim , Catal Cagatay 
Published: May 2023

AbstractExcessive and untimely maintenance prompts economic losses and unnecessary workload. Therefore, predictive maintenance models are developed to estimate the right time for maintenance. In this study, predictive models that estimate the remaining useful life of turbofan engines have been developed using deep learning algorithms on NASA’s turbofan engine degradation simulation dataset. Before equipment failure, the proposed model presents an estimated timeline for maintenance. The experimental studies demonstrated that the stacking ensemble learning and the convolutional neural network (CNN) methods are superior to the other investigated methods. While the convolution neural network (CNN) method was superior to the other investigated methods with an accuracy of 93.93%, the stacking ensemble learning method provided the best result with an accuracy of 95.72%.
Subject-specific tribo-contact conditions in total knee replacements: a simulation framework across scales
Authors: Rothammer Benedict , Wolf Alexander , Winkler Andreas , Schulte-Hubbert Felix , Bartz Marcel , Wartzack Sandro , Miehling Jörg , Marian Max 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFundamental knowledge about in vivo kinematics and contact conditions at the articulating interfaces of total knee replacements are essential for predicting and optimizing their behavior and durability. However, the prevailing motions and contact stresses in total knee replacements cannot be precisely determined using conventional in vivo measurement methods. In silico modeling, in turn, allows for a prediction of the loads, velocities, deformations, stress, and lubrication conditions across the scales during gait. Within the scope of this paper, we therefore combine musculoskeletal modeling with tribo-contact modeling. In the first step, we compute contact forces and sliding velocities by means of inverse dynamics approach and force-dependent kinematic solver based upon experimental gait data, revealing contact forces during healthy/physiological gait of young subjects. In a second step, the derived data are employed as input data for an elastohydrodynamic model based upon the finite element method full-system approach taking into account elastic deformation, the synovial fluid’s hydrodynamics as well as mixed lubrication to predict and discuss the subject-specific pressure and lubrication conditions.
Be my guest: the effect of foreign policy visits to the USA on FDI
Authors: Adam Antonis , Tsarsitalidou Sofia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine whether a country leader’s diplomatic visit to the USA affects the Foreign Direct Investment inflow. The literature so far has found inconclusive results regarding diplomatic relations' effect on international flows. We use a dynamic Inverse Probability Weighting Regression Adjustment framework to examine this relationship and estimate the causal effect of foreign visits. Our results indicate that a visit to the US increases the country’s total FDI inflows by up to one percentage point per annum, with a cumulative effect reaching 2.5 percentage points six years after the visit. However, this is a short-run effect as it disappears in the subsequent years. Furthermore, our first-stage results shed light on the profile of the leaders that visit the US. Our findings are consistent with the view that foreign visits act as signals to investors regarding the country’s political risk.
The Moral Foundations of Vaccine Passports
Authors: Harjani Trisha , He Hongwei , Chao Melody Manchi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe debate around vaccine passports has been polarising and controversial. Although the measure allows businesses to resume in-person operations and enables transitioning out of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some have expressed concerns about liberty violations and discrimination. Understanding the splintered viewpoints can aid businesses in communicating such measures to employees and consumers. We conceptualise the business implementation of vaccine passports as a moral decision rooted in individual values that influence reasoning and emotional reaction. We surveyed support for vaccine passports on a nationally representative sample in the United Kingdom in 2021: April (n = 349), May (n = 328), and July (n = 311). Drawing on the Moral Foundations Theory—binding (loyalty, authority, and sanctity), individualising (fairness and harm), and liberty values—we find that individualising values are a positive predictor and liberty values a negative predictor of support for passports, suggesting adoption hinges on addressing liberty concerns. Longitudinal analysis examining the trajectory of change in support over time finds that individualising foundations positively predict changes in utilitarian and deontological reasoning over time. In contrast, a fall in anger over time predicts increased support towards vaccine passports. Our study can inform business and policy communication strategies of existing vaccine passports, general vaccine mandates, and similar measures in future pandemics.
7E + Q analysis: a new multi-dimensional assessment tool of solar dryer for food and agricultural products
Authors: Susanto Evan Eduard , Saptoro Agus , Kumar Perumal , Tiong Angnes Ngieng Tze , Putranto Aditya , Suherman Suherman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDrying process has been employed since ancient times to preserve agricultural products by reducing the moisture content. Solar dryer is one of the most commonly used dryers due to its availability, reliability, and environmentally friendly nature. It is practical in rural areas since solar dryer can be fabricated with a simple design. Despite its potential, designing a long-term, feasible solar dryer is challenging without a good understanding of its performance parameters, such as energy, exergy, economic, environmental (4E) aspect, and its impact on product quality. Therefore, many attempts have been dedicated to conducting these analyses. Nonetheless, the information obtained is only one-dimensional, and they do not reflect the actual behaviour of a solar dryer. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive and critical review of the additional 3E parameters, namely energoeconomic, exergoeconomic, and enviroeconomic. Moreover, the effect of solar drying on product quality parameters (Q) will be discussed. Furthermore, a new idea to perform energy, exergy, environmental, economic, energoeconomic, exergoeconomic, and enviroeconomic (7E) and quality analysis (7E + Q) is proposed and outlined to improve the operability of the solar dryer. It is envisaged that 7E + Q analysis will pave the way for more effective and efficient solar dryers.
Graphical Abstract
Increasing the conductivity of V2O5-TeO2 glass by crystallization: structure and charge transfer studies
Authors: Okoczuk Piotr , Wójcik Natalia Anna , Murawski Leon , Wicikowski Leszek , Łapiński Marcin Stanisław , Winiarz Piotr , Kościelska Barbara 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, V2O5-TeO2 glass was prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Crystallization of glass with a vanadium content higher than 35%mol results in an increase in electrical conductivity by a few orders of magnitude and a decrease in activation energy from ~0.40 to ~0.12 eV. In this work, a critical review of existing charge transfer models was presented on the example of V2O5-TeO2 glass and glass–ceramics. Schnakenberg’s and Friedman-Triberis’ charge transfer models were found to be applicable to both glass and glass–ceramics. Optical phonon frequencies obtained from Schnakenberg’s model are in agreement with FTIR studies. Values of activation energies obtained from the Schnakenberg model decrease after crystallization. Friedman-Triberis’ model shows an increase in the density of states near the Fermi level from 1019 eV−1 cm−3 in glass, to 1021 eV−1 cm−3 in glass ceramics. Structural studies show that the main crystallizing phase is Te2V2O9 which occurs with the V2O5 shell in glasses with compositions 50–50%mol and 45–55%mol. It is concluded that crystallization results in the reduction of vanadium ions in the remaining glass matrix which leads to an increase in the V4+/V5+ ratio and therefore, an increase in electrical conductivity.
Convex duality for partial hedging of American options: continuous price processes
Authors: Perkkiö Ari-Pekka , Treviño-Aguilar Erick 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPartial hedging of American options is an interesting minimax problem and in this paper we establish its dual problem that concerns only maximization. The case of a continuous price process is considered under a general incomplete market. Our construction of a duality requires a careful preparation in order to define the dual domain with a compactness property. A key step is an extension of linear functionals preserving norm and positivity.
On automorphism criteria for comparing amounts of mathematical structure
Authors: Barrett Thomas William , Manchak J. B. , Weatherall James Owen 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWilhelm (Forthcom Synth 199:6357–6369, 2021) has recently defended a criterion for comparing structure of mathematical objects, which he calls Subgroup. He argues that Subgroup is better than SYM$$^*$$∗, another widely adopted criterion. We argue that this is mistaken; Subgroup is strictly worse than SYM$$^*$$∗. We then formulate a new criterion that improves on both SYM$$^*$$∗and Subgroup, answering Wilhelm’s criticisms of SYM$$^*$$∗along the way. We conclude by arguing that no criterion that looks only to the automorphisms of mathematical objects to compare their structure can be fully satisfactory.
Flow and Heat Transfer Study of an Annulus Partially Filled with Metallic Foam on Two Wall Surfaces Subject to Asymmetrical Heat Fluxes
Authors: Iranmanesh Aghil , A. Moshizi Sajad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe current research deals with the fully developed forced convection through metallic foam partly filled annulus. A metallic foam was adhered to inner and outer walls of the annulus in such a way that two foam regions and one open region were formed against the fluid flow. The inner and outer surfaces were exposed to an asymmetric heat flux ratio. To couple heat transfer and flow of the foam and open regions, no-slip coupling conditions were considered at the fluid–solid interface. Based on the fully developed fluid flow assumption, momentum, continuity, and energy equations for foam and open regions were simplified to ordinary differential equations and solved numerically as the governing equations. The impact of porosity, pore density, ratio of fluid–solid conductivity, Re number, heat flux ratio on velocity profiles, temperature distributions, flow heterogeneity, friction factor, Nu, and system performance in an annulus partly included with metallic foam were obtained. The obtained results indicated that flow heterogeneity, friction factor, and Nu depend crucially on thickness of the foam, porosity, and pore density. The study found that partially filled cases had lower performance than the empty annulus across various porosity, pore density, and Re number for a fixed conductivity ratio of 0.01, but the performance depended on the conductivity ratio. When kr values were below 0.002, the partially filled annulus outperformed the empty one, but for a fully filled annulus, this critical kr increased to 0.006.
The Mori–Zwanzig formulation of deep learning
Authors: Venturi Daniele , Li Xiantao 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe develop a new formulation of deep learning based on the Mori–Zwanzig (MZ) formalism of irreversible statistical mechanics. The new formulation is built upon the well-known duality between deep neural networks and discrete dynamical systems, and it allows us to directly propagate quantities of interest (conditional expectations and probability density functions) forward and backward through the network by means of exact linear operator equations. Such new equations can be used as a starting point to develop new effective parameterizations of deep neural networks and provide a new framework to study deep learning via operator-theoretic methods. The proposed MZ formulation of deep learning naturally introduces a new concept, i.e., the memory of the neural network, which plays a fundamental role in low-dimensional modeling and parameterization. By using the theory of contraction mappings, we develop sufficient conditions for the memory of the neural network to decay with the number of layers. This allows us to rigorously transform deep networks into shallow ones, e.g., by reducing the number of neurons per layer (using projection operators), or by reducing the total number of layers (using the decay property of the memory operator).
Assessment of Delivery and Receipt of a Complex School-Based Smoking Intervention: A Systematic Quantitative Process Evaluation
Authors: Jensen Marie Pil , Krølner Rikke Fredenslund , Jørgensen Marie Birk , Bast Lotus Sofie , Andersen Susan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComprehensive school tobacco policies have the potential to reduce smoking in vocational education where smoking is widespread. Assessment of the implementation process is important to understand whether and how complex interventions work, yet many studies do not measure receipt among the target group. We conducted a quantitative process evaluation of a newly developed smoking intervention in Danish vocational education to (1) operationalize measures of delivery and receipt, (2) investigate the extent to which the intervention was delivered and received, and (3) analyze whether this differed across school settings. We used questionnaire data collected 4–5 months after baseline among students (N = 644), teachers (N = 54), and principals (N = 11) from 8 intervention schools to operationalize implementation at the school level (delivery; content, quality, and fidelity) and student level (receipt; participation, responsiveness, exposure, and individual-level implementation). We calculated means and compared levels across school settings using stratified analysis and mixed models. The total intervention was delivered by a mean of 76% according to how it was intended and received by a mean of 36% across all students. Relatively low means of participation and responsiveness indicated challenges to reach the students with the intervention components, and delivery and receipt varied between school settings. This study highlights the challenge of reaching the intended target group in complex health behavior interventions even when reaching relatively high levels of fidelity. Further studies using the operationalized measures can give insight into the ‘black box’ of the intervention and strengthen future programs targeting smoking in vocational education.
Preliminary Study on the Effect of Blood Purification Therapy with Dual-Cannula in Jugular-Femoral Venous: A Report of 2 Cases
Authors: He Yi Ran , Gu Zhun Yong , Liu Yi Mei , He Hong Yu , Shen Bo , Ju Min Jie 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the study is to investigate whether the multistage draining cannula strategy inserted via the femoral vein and with blood return to the jugular vein can improve the therapeutic efficiency in patients with vena cava drainage disorder compared to traditional hemodialysis therapy.

Design
This study was approved by the Review Board of the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (No. B2022-380), and the need for obtaining signed informed consent was waived for this retrospective analysis.

Patients
Two adult patients with acute vena cava reflux disorder were analyzed retrospectively in the study.

Interventions
To minimize recirculation, a multistage draining cannula strategy in a suitable position inserted via the femoral vein and with blood return to the jugular vein was used in patients with vena cava obstruction.

Measurements and Main Results
Study endpoints included vasopressors equivalent dose, ICU outcome and other clinical outcomes. The results showed that blood purification based on dual-cannula in jugular-femoral venous was able to improve the hemodynamic state, reduce the vasopressors dosage and improve the outcome for critically ill patients with acute vena cava reflux disorder.

Conclusions
Blood purification therapy with dual-cannula in jugular-femoral venous may be an effective and feasible strategy for patients with acute superior or inferior vena cava “obstruction”.
Generation of a curved plasma channel from a discharged capillary for intense laser guiding
Authors: Li Jian-Long , Li Bo-Yuan , Zhu Xin-Zhe , Bi Ze-Wu , Wen Xin-Hui , Lu Lin , Yuan Xiao-Hui , Liu Feng , Chen Min 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Straight plasma channels are widely used to guide relativistic intense laser pulses over several Rayleigh lengths for laser wakefield acceleration. Recently, a curved plasma channel with gradually varied curvature was suggested to guide a fresh intense laser pulse and merge it into a straight channel for staged wakefield acceleration [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 154801 (2018)]. In this work, we report the generation of such a curved plasma channel from a discharged capillary. Both longitudinal and transverse density distributions of the plasma inside the channel were diagnosed by analyzing the discharging spectroscopy. Effects of the gas-filling mode, back pressure and discharging voltage on the plasma density distribution inside the specially designed capillary are studied. Experiments show that a longitudinally uniform and transversely parabolic plasma channel with a maximum channel depth of 47.5 μm and length of 3 cm can be produced, which is temporally stable enough for laser guiding. Using such a plasma channel, a laser pulse with duration of 30 fs has been successfully guided along the channel with the propagation direction bent by 10.4°.
Limitations on fundamental freedoms in Sri Lanka: majoritarian influence of constitutional practice
Authors: Gunatilleke Gehan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSri Lanka’s Constitution authorises the state to limit certain fundamental freedoms on the grounds of specific public interests. This article examines how this constitutional limitation regime has become vulnerable to majoritarian influence. It uses a case study approach, supplemented by key informant interviews, to delve into Sri Lanka’s constitutional practice with respect to limitations on fundamental freedoms such as the freedom of religion or belief, and the freedom of expression. The article illustrates how organs of the Sri Lankan state have equated notions of ‘public interest’ with the majority community’s conceptions of ‘security’, ‘order’, ‘health’ and ‘morals’. It argues that this practice reflects a cleavage between the moral legitimacy and the legal claimability of fundamental freedoms of minorities and satirists in Sri Lanka. It concludes that legal regimes designed to guarantee fundamental freedoms offer very little protection to minorities when the underlying politics driving the application of law is majoritarian.
Uncertainties on Climate Extreme Indices Estimated From U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) Near‐Surface Temperatures
Authors: Madonna Fabio , Essa Yassmin Hesham , Marra Fabrizio , Serva Federico , Gardiner Tom , Sarakhs Faezeh Karimian , Tramutola Emanuele , Rosoldi Marco 
Published: May 2023

AbstractChanges in the frequency of temperature extremes are often attributed to global warming. The recent availability of near‐surface temperature data records from reference networks, such as the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN), enables the quantification of measurement uncertainties. Within an activity of the Copernicus Climate Change Service, the estimation of the measurement uncertainty has been provided for USCRN temperature data, using metadata made available by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). In this paper, four climate extreme indices (Frost Days, Summer Days, Ice Days, Tropical Nights) and the related uncertainties are calculated for the period 2006–2020 from the USCRN data set and compared with traditional indices. Moreover, the asymmetric USCRN measurement uncertainties are propagated to estimate the uncertainties of climate indices. The comparison shows expanded uncertainties homogeneously distributed with the latitude and typically within 15 days per year for Frost Days and within 10 days for Ice Days, while smaller uncertainties are estimated for Summer Days and Tropical Nights, with values typically within six to seven days per year. Positive uncertainties are typically larger than negative ones for all the indices. The values of Frost and Ice Days with the related uncertainties for USCRN have also been compared with the corresponding values calculated from reanalyses data, showing differences typically within 60 days for median values, quite often smaller than USCRN and inconsistent within the related uncertainties, Overall, the results show that USCRN measurement uncertainties increase confidence in the estimation of climate extreme indices and decisions for adaptation.