bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down‐set thresholds
Authors: Gunby Benjamin , He Xiaoyu , Narayanan Bhargav 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe elucidate the relationship between the threshold and the expectation‐threshold of a down‐set. Qualitatively, our main result demonstrates that there exist down‐sets with polynomial gaps between their thresholds and expectation‐thresholds; in particular, the logarithmic gap predictions of Kahn–Kalai and Talagrand (recently proved by Park–Pham and Frankston–Kahn–Narayanan–Park) about up‐sets do not apply to down‐sets. Quantitatively, we show that any collection of graphs on that covers the family of all triangle‐free graphs on satisfies the inequality for some universal , and this is essentially best‐possible.
The spectral gap of random regular graphs
Authors: Sarid Amir 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWe bound the second eigenvalue of random ‐regular graphs, for a wide range of degrees , using a novel approach based on Fourier analysis. Let be a uniform random ‐regular graph on vertices, and be its second largest eigenvalue by absolute value. For some constant and any degree with , we show that asymptotically almost surely. Combined with earlier results that cover the case of sparse random graphs, this fully determines the asymptotic value of for all . To achieve this, we introduce new methods that use mechanisms from discrete Fourier analysis, and combine them with existing tools and estimates on ‐regular random graphs—especially those of Liebenau and Wormald.
Sources of knowledge and innovation for sustainable development: A multifaceted perspective
Authors: Wu Aihua , Zhai Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2023

AbstractHow and when internal and external sources of knowledge impact green innovation outcomes for sustainable development remain unclear. This study goes beyond examining their direct effects and takes a multifaceted approach to gain a more comprehensive understanding of how the two sources of knowledge influence sustainable development outcomes. This includes exploring the balanced effect and combined effect of the two sources of knowledge, as well as the synergistic effect of the balanced and combined fits. Furthermore, from the perspective of contingency, this study also proposes a non‐linear moderating role of interpersonal relation‐specific investments in the knowledge source‐green innovation link. Based on the survey of Chinese heavily polluted and high energy‐consuming industry, adopting regression analysis and hierarchical moderated method to test the hypotheses, our findings show that not only the two sources of knowledge boost green innovation outcomes, but the balanced and combined fits of them can also promote green innovation outcomes. Moreover, high levels of balanced and combined fits can yield synergistic effect. In addition, the non‐linear moderating effects of the external/internal interpersonal relation‐specific investments are also revealed. Thus, this research expands our integrated understanding of knowledge sources mainly by unveiling the balanced and combined fits of them, and their synergistic benefits as well as the inverted U moderating effect of the interpersonal relation‐specific investments in green innovation.
Matrix‐enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry: Effects of aliphatic carboxylic acid matrices on the sensitivity enhancement of biological phospholipids
Authors: Shishido Rie 
Published: April 2023

Matrix‐enhanced secondary ion mass spectrometry (ME‐SIMS) is an effective pre‐treatment method for the sensitivity enhancement of large molecules. Recently, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrices, which consist of aromatic acids with benzene rings, have been developed using this technique. However, there are several differences in the desorption and ionization processes of SIMS and MALDI. In this study, the sensitivities of phospholipids mixed with aliphatic carboxylic acids were investigated using Bi‐cluster time‐of‐flight SIMS (TOF‐SIMS). Trans‐aconitic acid (tri‐carboxylic acid) and citric acid (hydroxycarboxylic acid) were used as the matrices. 2,5‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), which is a typical aromatic MALDI matrix, was selected as the reference matrix. When trans‐aconitic acid and DHB were used as matrices, the secondary ion yields of [M + H]+ and [2 M + H]+ for phospholipids were approximately 10–150 times higher than that of the pristine lipid. For samples with citric acid, the yield enhancements of [M + H]+ and [2 M + H]+ were approximately 400–1000 times higher than those of pristine lipids. Furthermore, the protonated ionization of citric acid was mostly suppressed because of mixture with phospholipids. These results indicate that the matrix effect between phospholipids and the matrix contributes to the sensitivity enhancement of the target molecules. Hence, aliphatic carboxylic acid was equally or more effective than the MALDI matrix for the sensitivity enhancement of phospholipids in Bi‐cluster TOF‐SIMS.
Design and Development of Copper Trimesic Acid Anchored sPEEK/Polyimide Composite Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Aparna Mahalingam , Hemalatha Pushparaj , Paradesi Deivanayagam , Raj David Akash 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElectrolyte membranes play a critical role as their properties directly influences the performance of fuel cell. A copper‐based metal organic framework (MOF) anchored polymeric blend membrane was developed for fuel cell application. Cu‐MOF serves as an excellent filler material due to its small size, high degree of crystallinity and surface area. Through XRD analysis well defined crystallite sites was evidenced and the average crystallite size measured ∼ 0.3 Å. The acidic functional group in MOF interacts with sulfonic acid (−SO3H) group in sulfonated polyetheretherketone (sPEEK) matrix which further improves proton conduction via. hydrogen bonding interaction. With the as‐prepared sPEEK as the matrix; polyimide (PI) was blended to improve its processibility and thermal stability. Cu‐MOF loaded composite membranes (X wt.% Cu‐MOF‐sPEEK/PI) were prepared and characterized. To assess the suitability of the developed membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications, ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and proton conductivity was measured. 3 wt.% Cu‐MOF‐2‐sPEEK/PI membrane displayed an IEC value of 2.35 meq g−1 with a water uptake of 38.18 % and proton conductivity of 0.0711 S cm−1. Overall, the experimental results of the prepared membranes revealed that they act as an efficient proton exchange membrane (PEM) for PEMFCs.
Investigation on bond in post‐installed anchored bars and lap splices subjected to direct tension
Authors: Croppi José I. , Genesio Giovacchino , Piccinin Roberto , Casucci Daniele , Ahrens Mark Alexander , Mark Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMoment‐resisting monolithic connections between new and pre‐existing structural members are frequently used whenever existing reinforced‐concrete structures must be extended and/or strengthened. Overlapping post‐installed and cast‐in‐place bars is a common solution to provide reinforcement continuity. Nowadays, post‐installed bars with high‐performance mortars can reach higher bond strength than cast‐in‐place bars configurations. While higher performance could lead to shorter embedment lengths, uncertainties and constraints from design standards limit the potential for cost‐effective solutions. In this work, an experimental investigation on post‐installed lap splices is presented with some novelties in terms of test setup and specimen layout. The bond of a high‐performance injection mortar used in all specimens was assessed by means of tension tests. Lap length, concrete strength, and confinement by transverse reinforcement are the variable factors in the study of the load–slip behavior of the bars and the splitting resistance of the specimens. Results are in good accordance with the design formulas available in standards and empirical data published in the literature.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Ionic Liquids: A Personal Account
Authors: Md Moshikur Rahman , Goto Masahiro 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have been extensively used in drug formulation and delivery as designer solvents and other components because of their inherent tunability and useful physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties. ILs can be used to manage some of the operational and functional challenges of drug delivery, including drug solubility, permeability, formulation instability, and in vivo systemic toxicity, that are associated with conventional organic solvents/agents. Furthermore, ILs have been recognized as potential solvents to address the polymorphism, limited solubility, poor permeability, instability, and low bioavailability of crystalline drugs. In this account, we discuss the technological progress and strategies toward designing biocompatible ILs and explore potential biomedical applications, namely the solubilization of small and macromolecular drugs, the creation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and the delivery of pharmaceuticals.
Using complete blood count‐derived inflammatory markers to compare postoperative inflammation in dogs undergoing open or laparoscopic ovariectomy
Authors: Espadas‐González Lorena , Usón‐Casaús Jesús M. , Pastor‐Sirvent Nieves , Santella Massimo , Ezquerra‐Calvo Javier , Pérez‐Merino Eva M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe inflammatory response triggered in dogs after laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOV) or ovariectomy through mini‐celiotomy (COV) has never been compared using the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII).MethodsBitches underwent LapOV (n = 25) or COV (n = 25). NLR, PLR and SII were calculated 1 hour before ovariectomy (T0) and 2−3, 6−8 and 20−24 hours (T1−T3) after surgery.ResultsSurgical time was longer in the LapOV group. Changes over time were observed in the NLR, PLR and SII in both groups (p <0.001). PLR at baseline and T1 (p = 0.03 and 0.01) and NLR, PLR and SII at T2 (p = 0.01, 0.01 and 0.009) were higher in the LapOV group than in the COV group, but they did not differ at T3.LimitationsThe overrepresentation of Greyhounds in the LapOV group and the short‐term follow‐up are the study's main limitations.ConclusionAlthough an inflammatory peak was observed 6−8 hours after COV or LapOV, it was higher after the laparoscopy. However, there was no difference in the bitches' inflammatory status 24 hours after surgery.
Analysing wind power ramp events and improving very short‐term wind power predictions by including wind speed observations
Authors: Lochmann Moritz , Kalesse‐Los Heike , Schäfer Michael , Heinrich Ingrid , Leinweber Ronny 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThough wind power predictions have been consistently improved in the last decade, persistent reasons for remaining uncertainties are sudden large changes in wind speed, so‐called ramps. Here, we analyse the occurrence of ramp events in a wind farm in Eastern Germany and the performance of a wind power prediction tool in forecasting these events for forecasting horizons of 15 and 30 min. Results on the seasonality of ramp events and their diurnal cycle are presented for multiple ramp definition thresholds. Ramps were found to be most frequent in March and April and least frequent in November and December. For the analysis, the wind power prediction tool is fed by different wind velocity forecast products, for example, numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and measurement data. It is shown that including observational wind speed data for very short‐term wind power forecasts improves the performance of the power prediction tool compared to the NWP reference, both in terms of ramp detection and in decreasing the mean absolute error between predicted and generated wind power. This improvement is enhanced during ramp events, highlighting the importance of wind observations for very short‐term wind power prediction.
Application of infrared spectroscopy and its theoretical simulation to arsenic adsorption processes
Authors: Ablat Hadiya , Nurmamat Xamsiya , Ma Xiaoyan , Xie Qingqing , Zhao Zhixi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAccurate detection and analysis of arsenic pollutants are an important means to enhance the ability to manage arsenic pollution. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy technology has the advantages of fast analysis speed, high resolution, and high sensitivity and can be monitored by real‐time in situ analysis. This paper reviews the application of IR spectroscopy in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of inorganic and organic arsenic acid adsorbed by major minerals such as ferrihydrite (FH), hematite, goethite, and titanium dioxide. The IR spectroscopy technique cannot only identify different arsenic contaminants but also obtain the content and adsorption rate of arsenic contaminants in the solid phase. The reaction equilibrium constants and the degree of reaction conversion can be determined by constructing adsorption isotherms or combining them with modeling techniques. Theoretical calculations of IR spectra of mineral adsorbed arsenic pollutant systems based on density functional theory (DFT) and analysis and comparison of the measured and theoretically calculated characteristic peaks of IR spectra can reveal the microscopic mechanism and surface chemical morphology of the arsenic adsorption process. This paper systematically summarizes the qualitative and quantitative studies and theoretical calculations of IR spectroscopy in inorganic and organic arsenic pollutant adsorption systems, which provides new insights for accurate detection and analysis of arsenic pollutants and arsenic pollution control.Practitioner Points
This paper reviews the application of infrared spectroscopy in the qualitative and quantitative analyses of inorganic and organic arsenic acid adsorbed by major minerals such as ferrihydrite, hematite, goethite, and titanium dioxide, which can help identify and evaluate the type and concentration of arsenic pollutants in water bodies.
In this paper, theoretical calculations of infrared spectra of mineral adsorbed arsenic pollutant systems based on density functional theory reveal the adsorption mechanism of arsenic pollutants in water at the solid–liquid interface and help to develop targeted arsenic pollution control technologies.
This paper provides a new and reliable analytical detection technique for the study of arsenic contaminants in water bodies.
Polymer nanomaterials for use as adjuvant surgical tools
Authors: Erdi Metecan , Sandler Anthony , Kofinas Peter 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMaterials employed in the treatment of conditions encountered in surgical and clinical practice frequently face barriers in translation to application. Shortcomings can be generalized through their reduced mechanical stability, difficulty in handling, and inability to conform or adhere to complex tissue surfaces. To overcome an amalgam of challenges, research has sought the utilization of polymer‐derived nanomaterials deposited in various fashions and formulations to improve the application and outcomes of surgical and clinical interventions. Clinically prevalent applications include topical wound dressings, tissue adhesives, surgical sealants, hemostats, and adhesion barriers, all of which have displayed the potential to act as superior alternatives to current materials used in surgical procedures. In this review, emphasis will be placed not only on applications, but also on various design strategies employed in fabrication. This review is designed to provide a broad and thought‐provoking understanding of nanomaterials as adjuvant tools for the assisted treatment of pathologies prevalent in surgery.This article is categorized under:
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanoscale Tools and Techniques in Surgery
Research on the Public Participation of Nuclear Safety Based on Social Psychology
Authors: Li Guanghui , Bai Gang , Li Xiaoding , Qu Yunhuan , Gong Yu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractNuclear safety concerns the development of the cause of putting nuclear energy and technology to good use, environmental safety, and the public interest. The public participation of nuclear safety is an important means of popularizing safety knowledge and eliminating public concerns. Social psychology is a branch of psychology that studies the social phenomena of individuals and groups. In fact, the public participation of nuclear safety is a collective activity for citizens to integrate into nuclear safety and participate in nuclear safety. The theoretical root of public participation is social psychology. Using social psychology to analyze the behavior and ideas of various stakeholders in public participation can effectively enhance the relevance and effectiveness of public participation. Therefore, it is very important to carry out public safety research based on social psychology. This paper investigates the present situation of public participation of nuclear safety, and analyze the misunderstandings of current public participation based on social psychology: Public participation requires a high level of knowledge because more knowledgeable people are more supportive of nuclear energy; The public must either support or oppose nuclear energy, without a third option; Public opposition to nuclear energy is attributed to insufficient public participation; Wrong views should be downplayed and will disappear over time; Public participation is only the responsibility of dedicated staff. For these misunderstandings, this paper proposes a follow-up to the recommendations of public participation: Understand the conformity among individuals; Apply various measures to engage people from different groups to improve the effectiveness of public participation; Encourage extensive participation to create synergy; Step up international cooperation to promote public participation.
Economic Analysis of the One Through Fuel Cycle Based on Equilibrium Mass Flow
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Hu Jiang , Rong Mei , Shang Xin , Zhang Yifan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn order to evaluate the cost of each stage of the one through fuel cycle (OTC), the uranium required for each stage of the OTC is calculated in detail based on the equilibrium mass flow. According to the material flow analysis, front-end cost and back-end cost of the nuclear fuel cycle under different discount rates are analyzed according to the material flow. The results show that the front-end cost increases with the discount rate, while the back-end cost decreases with the discount rate, and the front-end cost is higher than the back-end cost. The three stages of natural uranium, uranium enrichment and fuel manufacturing not only account for a large proportion of the total cost, but also have a strong sensitivity. Among them, the cost of uranium enrichment has the greatest impact on LCOE, followed by the cost of natural uranium.
Calculation and Analysis of Polonium-210 Source Term in Primary Coolant System of Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactor
Authors: Wan Haixia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAfter the lead-bismuth coolant flows through the core area of the lead-bismuth fast reactor and is irradiated by neutrons, the radionuclide Polonium-210 will be produced. Polonium-210 has a half-life of 138 days and releases alpha particles during decay. With certain volatility, Polonium-210 will pose a potential threat to the environment. Therefore, Polonium-210 is one of the key contents of radiation environmental impact assessment of lead-bismuth reactor. The calculation model of Polonium-210 is established according to the metabolic mechanism of Polonium-210 in the coolant. According to the Polonium-210 calculation model, the generation, decay and migration laws of Polonium-210 in the whole life were analyzed, and the influence of extraction rate on the saturation of Polonium-210 was calculated. The results show that, taking a 20MWth lead-bismuth reactor as an example, in the case of no extraction, Polonium-210 reaches saturation in the fifth year of reactor operation, with a saturation activity of 3.15E + 15Bq. With an extraction efficiency of 90%, Polonium-210 will reach saturation on the 60th day after the reactor starts operating, with a saturation activity of 3.83E + 10Bq. The calculation results can provide a reference for the research on the distribution of Polonium-210 in the coolant.
Effects of Eluting Volumes to Isolation Efficiencies in Manual Synthesis of Ga-68 Labelled FAPI-04
Authors: Jiang Fei , Xing Naiguo , Lv Taiyong , Sun Zhanliang , Zhao Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAmong different FAPIs (fibroblast activation protein inhibitors) developed for PET imaging, 68Ga-FAPI-04 has demonstrated the most impressive properties with low nanomolar affinity to FAP, near-complete internalization of radioactivity bound to FAP, and rapid blood clearance. The application of 68Ga-FAPI-04 has been extended to 28 different kinds of clinical cancer detection. The manual synthesis of 68Ga-FAPI-04 is like other 68Ga-labeling peptides, such as PSMA-11 and DOTATATE. However, because the radiochemical conversion (RCC) is about 90%, it is required to conduct a purification and isolation process to meet the required standard for clinical application. The purpose of this work is to characterize the increase of isolation efficiency (IE) by increasing the volume of eluting liquid applied to C18 columns and sterile filters. We designed an experiment and measured the residual activity distribution on both C18 columns and sterile filters for different eluting volumes. We characterized the change of activity residuals and isolation efficiencies with different eluting volumes in the process of purification and isolation. As a result, it was found that there were more activity leftovers on sterile filters than on C18 columns. By increasing the eluting volume from 6 mL to 12 mL, we measured the average IE being improved from 62.4% to 87.4%, which is greatly beneficial to clinical applications. In addition, the fluctuation of IE which might come from the different radiolabeling operators or materials used in the experiment, was also obviously decreased from 11.3% to 4.5%. This method has been proven to be efficient in the production of 68Ga-FAPI-04.
A Multi-state Degradation Model for Reliability Assessment of Multi-component Nuclear Safety Systems Considering Degradation Dependency and Random Shocks
Authors: Liang Qingzhu , Peng Changhong , Zhang Hang , Lu Jianchao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe degradation (e.g., wear, stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue) of nuclear safety systems is an inherently irreversible process, which will lead to system failure when the accumulated damage reaches a threshold level, resulting in catastrophic consequences. Therefore, it is essential to understand and model the degradation behavior of nuclear safety systems to predict and prevent potential failures and thus effectively avoid subsequent losses. This paper proposes a multi-state degradation model for multi-component nuclear safety systems, considering the dependency among the degradation processes and the effect of random shocks. The degradation processes of the system were modeled by the Semi-Markov process. The arrival of random shocks obeys a Poisson process. The transfer kernel function of the holistic model was derived, based on which the Monte Carlo algorithm for estimation of the system reliability was developed. Based on a simple case, the correctness of the proposed model is verified. The model is applied to the reliability analysis of one sub-system of the residual heat removal system of a nuclear power plant.