bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction‐Induced Oxygen Loss: the Hidden Surface Reconstruction Mechanism of Layered Oxide Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Jeon Seungyun , Lim Gukhyun , Lee Hoseok , Park Hyunyoung , Cho Min Kyung , Kim Chan , Lee YeEun , Kim Jaehoon , Kwon Minhyung , Yoo Jung‐Keun , Jeong Hyangsoo , Kim Jinwoo , Yu Seung‐Ho , Lee Minah , Kim Jongsoon , Hong Jihyun 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe surface reconstruction from the layered to rocksalt‐type phase represents a primary deterioration pathway of layered‐oxide cathodes in lithium‐ion batteries, involving irreversible oxygen loss and transition metal migration. This degradation mechanism has primarily been attributed to the oxidative instability of highly delithiated cathodes at high voltages (>4.3 V vs Li/Li+). However, the battery degradation also occurs under seemingly stable voltage ranges, the origin of which remains unclear. Herein, a hidden mechanism to induce surface reconstruction and oxygen loss is proposed, termed the “quasi‐conversion reaction”, which is revealed to occur during electrochemical reduction (discharge) processes just below 3.0 V (vs Li/Li+). Combined experiments and first‐principles calculations unveil that the oxygens at the surface can be extracted from the cathode lattice by forming lithium oxides and oxygen vacancies, at significantly higher potentials than conventional conversion reaction, due to the instability of surface oxygens coordinated with fewer cations than in the bulk. The chemical incompatibility between lithium oxides and commercial carbonate‐based electrolytes results in electrolyte decomposition, forming an organic‐rich blocking layer and gaseous byproducts, which further increases the cell impedance. This study emphasizes the necessity of a thorough understanding of surface instability upon reduction to develop long‐lasting batteries.
A Mixed Ion/Electron Thermoelectric Generator with Ultrahigh Steady Thermopower by Exploring Both the Hole Tunneling and Ion Accumulations
Authors: Qian Qi , Cheng Hanlin , Xie Hang , Wu Yihong , Fang Yuanlai , Le Qiujian , Yue Shizhong , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIonic thermoelectric (TE) materials are promising candidate for efficient heat harvesting mainly because they can have a thermopower higher than the electronic TE materials by 2–3 orders in magnitude. However, they cannot be directly exploited in conventional thermoelectric generators (TEGs) since ions cannot transport across the electrodes into the external circuit, and they cannot be used to harvest heat under steady temperature gradient. Here, a mixed ion/electron thermoelectric generator (MTEG) is reported that can continuously generate electricity under not only temperature fluctuation but also steady temperature gradient. It is consisted of a layer of an ionogel added with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The ionic liquid is an ionic conductor, while rGO is an electronic conductor. The MTEG can supply a constant output voltage to the external load under steady temperature gradient, and the behavior is similar to that of the conventional TEGs, particularly when the external resistance is relatively high. The thermopower can be more than 7.0 mV K−1, higher than the Seebeck coefficient of the best electronic TE materials by 1–2 orders in magnitude. The operation mechanism is attributed to the hole tunneling across the rGO sheets and the high thermopower due to the Soret effect of the ions.
A Label‐Like Monolithic Organic Thermoelectric Generator Enabled by Local Inkjet Doping of Aligned Polymer Films
Authors: Pataki Nathan James , Guchait Shubhradip , Jismy Badr , Leclerc Nicolas , Kyndiah Adrica , Brinkmann Martin , Caironi Mario 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe proliferation of distributed microelectronics and sensors necessitates adaptable, scalable, and cost‐effective power supplies. Organic thermoelectric generators (TEGs) that promise to harness heat sustainably and cost‐effectively are seen as pivotal elements in shaping future sensor infrastructures. Recent strides in morphological control through the alignment of conjugated polymer backbones have enhanced the thermoelectric performance of doped organic semiconductors to record values, matching expectations for real applications. However, the hurdles in crafting and deploying organic TEGs effectively exploiting aligned polymer films remain unexplored. This work presents a design and fabrication method to incorporate aligned films into a thin label‐like TEG. Thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(2,5‐bis((7‐butoxyheptyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) (PBTTT‐8O) are aligned via high‐temperature rubbing technique inducing a high degree of anisotropy in their charge transport properties. The crystal structure and anisotropy of the films are exploited to realize monolithic TEGs by patterning conductive thermoelements via local inkjet doping of films transferred on ultrathin parylene substrates. The TEGs based on aligned P3HT and PBTTT‐8O exhibit exceptional TEG power factors of 0.33 and 1.04 nW cm−2 K−2, respectively. Lastly, as a proof‐of‐concept use case for the TEGs, a thermoelectrically‐powered volume‐indicating label is presented as a potential application in the healthcare and food industries.
Zinc Grid Based Transparent Electrodes for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Bellchambers Philip , Ammon Louis , Fitkin Arielle , Dingley Matthew , Walker Marc , Abrahamczyk Szymon , Pritchard Callum , Sosso Gabriele C. , Hatton Ross A. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractZinc is the fifth most electrically conductive metal and is available at a fraction of the cost of the most widely used transparent electrode materials; silver, indium‐tin oxide, and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, but has been surprisingly overlooked as a current carrying element in organic photovoltaics. Here, a transparent flexible electrode based on an embedded zinc grid with ≈1 µm linewidth is reported and its utility as a drop‐in replacement for indium‐tin oxide coated glass electrodes in model organic photovoltaic devices is demonstrated. The zinc grids are fabricated using the unconventional approach of condensation coefficient modulation, using a micro‐contact printed patterned layer of poly(perfluorooctylmethylmethacrylate) to resist zinc condensation in the gaps between grid lines, together with a copper acetylacetonate seed layer to nucleate zinc condensation where grid lines are required. Density functional theory calculations of the strength of the interaction between zinc atoms and this fluorinated polymer provide fundamental insight into why the latter is so effective at resisting zinc condensation. The resulting zinc grid is embedded in a flexible polymer support and transferred to a flexible plastic substrate by delamination, which enables recovery and reuse of the fluorinated polymer.
Cost‐Effective and Scalable Approach for the Separation and Direct Cathode Recovery from End‐of‐Life Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lipson Albert L. , Macholz Jessica D. , Dai Qiang , Melin Peyton , Gallagher Sabine M. , LeResche Michael , Polzin Bryant J. , Spangenberger Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLi‐ion battery recycling presents a promising opportunity to decrease dependence on foreign sources of materials and harvest precious materials within the United States. Herein, a superior complete direct recycling process on individual end‐of‐life cells is reported where the recovered high‐purity cathode active material, as well as electrolyte salt Li hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) can be reused without significant processing. This new process utilizes a series of mechanical separation steps that enable the separation of the cathode and anode active materials while they are still attached to their current collectors. Using this type of process can significantly reduce metal contamination and enable a clean cathode that can be directly recycled. The process if implemented commercially can greatly reduce the environmental burden of batteries as the greenhouse gas emissions of 8.25 kg CO2e kg−1 from the direct recycling process are 64% lower compared to those from virgin production of cathode material. During electrochemical testing of the recovered LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 a discharge capacity of ≈160 mAh g−1 and good cyclability of over 250 cycles at 0.33C are achieved. This success paves a new pathway to explore and optimize existing Li‐ion battery recycling procedures.
Hybrid Composite With Natural and Synthetic Fibers in the Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Authors: Ivanova Ivelina , Assih Jules , Diagana Cheikhna , Titeux‐Peth Isabelle 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMany concrete structures, such as buildings, civil structures, or transport facilities, have an enormous need for rehabilitation. The defects have a critical influence on the resistance and durability of these structures. This study evaluates the effectiveness of strengthening reinforced concrete structures by bonding natural fiber composite materials (hemp fiber fabrics [HFF]) mixed with synthetic fibers (carbon fiber reinforced polymer [CFRP] or Glasse fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites) using epoxy‐based adhesives to increase their mechanical strength and extend the lifespan of the structures. This strengthening consists of bonding a composite sheet based on natural fiber fabric to the judiciously targeted outer surface of the reinforced concrete structure. From a sustainable development perspective, replacing synthetic fibers as reinforcement with vegetal fiber plants is the first step in respecting environmental issues. This paper focuses on experimental investigations on reinforced concrete specimens (33 in all) considered strengthened by different composite mixes between natural and synthetic composite fibers. The crack propagation behavior and the influence of adhesive thickness were investigated. Considering that the adhesively bonded composite materials reduce the stress intensity at the crack tip and, therefore, increase the remaining lifetime of the concrete structure. In fact, the experimental results showed an increase in ultimate load in flexural strength from 65% to 104% of strengthened concrete specimens with hybrid (hemp and glass fiber fabrics) composite plate and from 117% to 163% of strengthened concrete specimens with hybrid (hemp and carbon fiber fabrics) composite plate, compared to the control concrete specimen without strengthening.
Synthesis and Characterization of Fe‐Phthalocyanine‐Based Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Oi Hiroto , Isobe Momoka , Kishikawa Riko , Abe Fumiya , Morishita Norihiro , Takagi Shunsuke , Nakayama Shota , Kanai Kaname 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis paper reports the successful synthesis of Fe‐phthalocyanine‐based metal‐organic framework (FePc‐MOF) by simple thermal polymerization. FePc‐MOF is a promising candidate for Lieb lattice, which is a type of Dirac materials with two independent sites in a square unit cell, and it is theoretically predicted to have a unique electronic structure featuring both a Dirac band and a flat band near the Fermi level. The prepared samples exhibit the structure of FePc‐MOF, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The FePc‐MOF pellet demonstrates electrical conductivity approximately a thousand times higher than that of its precursor, octacyano‐Fe‐phthalocyanine. This significant increase in electrical conductivity compared to the precursor indicates that FePc‐MOF has a 2D π‐electron system with a FePc‐based framework and is consistent with the prediction that FePc‐MOF is a semiconductor with a narrow energy gap due to its Lieb lattice‐like structure. The synthesis method developed in this study is expected to advance fundamental research on Lieb lattices as new electronic and magnetic functional materials.
Pareto in Prison
Authors: Morgan Mark A. , Long Joshua S. , Logan Matthew W. , Benton Frank 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe Pareto principle is based on the concept that roughly 80% of outcomes are generated by 20% of inputs, efforts, or contributors within a group. Using a national sample of U.S. prison inmates, we examined various percentile rankings of self‐reported institutional misconduct to determine how much disorder is created behind bars by the most prolific offenders. Findings revealed that, regardless of sex, the top 20% of inmates were responsible for approximately 90% of all rule violations and write‐ups received. These general patterns remained similar even after adjusting infractions for time served in prison. Further analyses indicated that membership within these high‐rate groups was often significantly predicted by those who were younger, black, had more extensive criminal histories, committed violent crimes, resided in state facilities, anticipated being released, used drugs prior to their arrest, were diagnosed with a personality disorder or ADHD, and exhibited worse negative affect. Some sex‐specific effects were also observed. The disproportionate impact these chronic offenders have on the prison environment is detrimental to all individuals who live and work around them. Future research should investigate specific types of misconduct, distinct time intervals of incarceration, and facility effects such as management style, security levels, or offender composition.
The opposite effect of ELP4 and ZEB2 on TCF7L2‐mediated microglia polarization in ischemic stroke
Authors: Min Xiao‐li , Lin Sixian , Hu Jia‐yi , Jing Rui , Zhao Qing , Shang Fei‐fei , Zeng Yong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicroglia M1 polarization plays important role in the development of ischemic stroke (IS). This study explored the role of transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) in regulating microglia M1 polarization during IS. TTC staining was used to determine the cerebral infarction, and Nissl staining was applied to examine neuronal injury. The secretion levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA. The interaction between Zinc finger E‐Box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and TCF7L2 was analyzed by Co‐IP, and H3K27ac enrichment in the TCF7L2 promoter was detected by ChIP assay. TCF7L2 knockdown reduced MCAO/R‐induced mice cerebral injury. TCF7L2 silencing or TAK‐242 (TLR4 antagonist) injection inhibited OGD/R‐induced microglia M1 polarization by repressing the TLR4/NF‐κB signal, and TCF7L2 knockdown combined with TAK‐242 treatment further inhibited microglia M1 polarization. TCF7L2 promoted transcriptional activation of TLR4. ELP4 enhanced H3K27ac‐mediated transcriptional activation of TCF7L2, and ZEB2 promoted the K48‐linked ubiquitination of TCF7L2. TCF7L2 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effect of ELP4 knockdown or ZEB2 overexpression on OGD/R‐induced microglia M1 polarization. TCF7L2 exacerbated cerebral injury by promoting microglia M1 polarization during IS progression. Mechanistically, ELP4 promoted TCF7L2 expression by promoting H3K27ac enrichment in the TCF7L2 promoter, while ZEB2 promoted TCF7L2 ubiquitination degradation.
Space Charge Improved Poly(Aryl Ether Sulfone) Composite Membrane for Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Zhong Jundong , Qi Hongyan , Xu Tingting , Sun Weibo , Zhao Zhe , Zhang Haibo , Zhu Xuanbo , Jiang Zhenhua 
Published: January 2025

Comprehensive SummaryThe ion‐selective porous membrane is the key component in osmotic energy conversion, and optimizing its permeability and selectivity is crucial for improving output performance. Here, to construct a permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced osmotic energy generator, the surface and space charge synergistically enhanced 3D composite membrane is prepared by inserting sulfonated hydrogels into the 3D ion channels with tunable surface charge. The membrane's selectivity is improved from 0.66 to 0.94 by increasing the charge density on the membrane surface and the spatial charge density of the membrane. The experimental and simulation results showed that the synergistic enhancement of the spatial and surface charges significantly improved the electrostatic interactions between the ions and the ion channels, which led to the enhancement of selectivity, net ionic fluxes, and output performance. The space charge improved composite membrane presents an advanced power density of about 6.4 W·m–2 under a 50‐fold concentration gradient, which is nearly 2 times that of the phase inversion membrane without hydrogels. Our study provides a promising solution for constructing high‐performance osmotic energy generators.
Hospitalization outcomes among older adults living undiagnosed or unaware of dementia
Authors: Amjad Halima , Sekhon Vishaldeep K. , Wolff Jennifer L. , Samus Quincy M. , Roth David L. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMany persons with dementia are undiagnosed or unaware of dementia, which may affect hospitalization outcomes.METHODSWe evaluated differences in length of stay, days not at home, discharge destination, and 30‐day readmissions over 1 year in 6296 older adults in the National Health and Aging Trends Study with linked Medicare claims. Multivariable‐adjusted models compared outcomes across no dementia, undiagnosed dementia, unaware but diagnosed with dementia, and aware and diagnosed with dementia.RESULTSPersons with undiagnosed dementia had longer length of stay and were more likely to be discharged to a facility (44.8% vs. 19.3%) compared to no dementia; differences persisted in multivariable models. Persons undiagnosed or unaware experienced outcomes similar to persons aware and diagnosed except for more 30‐day readmissions in the undiagnosed (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.05 [1.01, 4.16]).DISCUSSIONPersons undiagnosed or unaware of dementia experience worse hospitalization outcomes, suggesting potential clinically significant implications of unrecognized dementia.Highlights
Persons with undiagnosed versus no dementia have worse hospitalization outcomes.
Persons with undiagnosed dementia have more 30‐day readmissions compared to persons diagnosed.
Lack of clinician or family recognition of dementia may adversely affect hospitalization outcomes.
BDNF expression mediates verbal learning and memory in women in a cohort enriched with risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Edmunds Kyle J. , Pandos Alyssa A. , Hoang Isabella , Mamlouk Gabriella M. , Motovylyak Alice , Lose Sarah R. , Asthana Sanjay , Stremlau Matthew , Johnson Sterling C. , van Praag Henriette , Okonkwo Ozioma C. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study examined whether sex differences in verbal learning and memory (VLM) are mediated by plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression.METHODSIn a sample of n = 201 participants (63.81 ± 6.04 years, 66.2% female, 65.7% family history of Alzheimer's disease [AD], 38% apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4+) from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention, VLM was measured using trials 3 through 5 and delayed recall from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Plasma BDNF was measured using a Human BDNF Quantikine Immunoassay. Mediation analysis used bootstrapping, and stratified mediation models tested the conditional dependence of APOE ε4 carriage.RESULTSBDNF partially mediated the sex–VLM relationship (β = −0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.18, −0.01). Female APOE ε4 carriers had higher VLM scores (β = −0.53; p = 0.03), while female non‐carriers had both higher BDNF levels (β = −0.68; p < 0.01) and VLM scores (β = −1.06; p < 0.01); BDNF was again a significant mediator (β = −0.18; 95% CI: −0.37, −0.05).DISCUSSIONThis study found that circulating BDNF mediates higher verbal memory scores in females—particularly in APOE ε4 non‐carriers.Highlights
Sex differences in verbal learning and memory (VLM) were mediated by plasma brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.
Women exhibited higher VLM scores and plasma BDNF levels compared to men.
The protective effect of BDNF in women was attenuated by apolipoprotein E ε4 carriage.
Findings suggest sex‐specific mechanisms against verbal memory decline in aging.
Older US adults’ experiences with and views about cognitive screening and blood biomarker testing for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Cox Chelsea G. , Kirch Matthias , Singer Dianne , Solway Erica , Malani Preeti N. , Kullgren Jeffrey T. , Roberts J. Scott 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia is underdiagnosed in the United States. Understanding of older adults’ experiences with screening is needed to optimize diagnosis.METHODSUS adults ages 65 to 80 (N = 1298) were surveyed on experiences with cognitive screening and blood biomarker (BBM) testing. Regression models estimated associations between characteristics and screening use.RESULTSMost older adults were aware of screening (71%); 41% reported ever being screened. Older age, higher education, retirement, poorer health, and family history of dementia were associated with higher odds of screening; Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Asian race/ethnicity were associated with lower odds (p < .05). Most older adults were unaware of BBM (81%); few wanted testing immediately (9%). Although older adults held positive views about screening and BBM, half reported concerns about distress or stigma if tests indicated risk.DISCUSSIONCognitive screening rates remain low. Older adults view screening and BBM as useful to inform health decisions but have concerns about potential harms.Highlights
Only one in five older US adults report having cognitive screening in the past year.
Sociodemographic and health factors may influence whether older adults receive cognitive screening.
Most older adults have positive views about cognitive screening and BBM testing.
Many older adults would be concerned about distress or stigma if test result indicated dementia risk.
Blood phosphorylated Tau181 reliably differentiates amyloid‐positive from amyloid‐negative subjects in the Alzheimer's disease continuum: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Antonioni Annibale , Raho Emanuela Maria , Manzoli Lamberto , Koch Giacomo , Flacco Maria Elena , Di Lorenzo Francesco 
Published: January 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONBlood‐based biomarkers seem promising for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the potential of blood phosphorylated Tau181 (p‐tau181) to differentiate amyloid‐positive (A+) and amyloid‐negative (A−) subjects. Two meta‐analyses were conducted, showing the mean p‐tau values in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the A+ and A− group, and the second comparing the mean p‐tau concentrations in blood and CSF among A+ versus A‐ participants, by laboratory assessment method.RESULTSEighteen studies (2764 A+ and 5646 A− subjects) were included. The single‐group meta‐analysis showed mean higher blood p‐tau181 values in the A+ than in the A− group. In the head‐to‐head meta‐analysis, blood p‐tau reliably differentiated A+ patients from A− participants.DISCUSSIONRegardless of the laboratory technique, blood p‐tau181 reliably differentiates A+ and A− subjects. Therefore, it might have important applications for early diagnosis and inclusion in clinical trials for AD patients.Highlights
The role of blood‐based biomarkers in discriminating AD patients is still uncertain.
Blood p‐tau181 distinguishes among amyloid‐positive and amyloid‐negative subjects.
Blood p‐tau181 might allow early diagnosis and inclusion in clinical trials.