bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Before and During the First COVID-19 Surge: Work Conditions, Burnout, and Mental Health Among Resident Physicians in a Department of Psychiatry in the USA
Authors: Agrawal Alpna , De La Torre Kazandra , Cooper Conisha , Flores Jeremy , Miotto Karen , Wells Kenneth , Bromley Elizabeth , Yano Elizabeth M. , Heldt Jonathan , Castillo Enrico G. , DeBonis Katrina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objective
Resident physicians are critical frontline workers during pandemics, and little is known about their health. The study examined occupational and mental health risks among US psychiatry residents before and during the first COVID-19 surge.

Methods
Longitudinal data were collected from a cohort of US psychiatry residents at one academic medical center in October 2019, before the pandemic, and April 2020 after the initiation of a state-level stay-at-home order. Primary outcome measures were psychological work empowerment, defined as one’s self-efficacy towards their work role, and occupational burnout. A secondary outcome was mental health. In May and June 2020, resident engagement sessions were conducted to disseminate study findings and consider their implications.

Results
Fifty-seven out of 59 eligible residents participated in the study (97%). Half the study sample reported high burnout. From before to during the first COVID-19 surge, psychological work empowerment increased in the total sample (p = 0.03); and mental health worsened among junior residents (p = 0.004), not senior residents (p = 0.12). High emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were associated with worse mental health (p < 0.001). In engagement sessions, themes related to residents’ work conditions, COVID-19, and racism emerged as potential explanations for survey findings.

Conclusions
The study is exploratory and novel. During early COVID, psychiatry residents’ well-being was impacted by occupational and societal factors. Postpandemic, there is a growing psychiatrist shortage and high demand for mental health services. The findings highlight the potential importance of physician wellness interventions focused on early career psychiatrists who were first responders during COVID.
Appreciation of Slapstick Humour and Expressivity in Response to Amusing Stimuli in Individuals with Williams Syndrome
Authors: Treichel Noémie , Dukes Daniel , Barisnikov Koviljka , Samson Andrea C. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Previous studies on the comprehension and appreciation of humour in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) have only included complex types of humour that required complex cognitive abilities. Additionally, although individuals with WS have been described as having a bias towards positive emotions, no study has investigated their expressive responses to humour.

Methods
The present study examined basic humour processing skills, as well as expressive responses to simple humorous and non-humorous stimuli in individuals with WS (N = 8) compared to mental-age matched typically developing (TD) children (N = 9). Participants were shown short funny and non-funny excerpts of the movies “Ice Age” and “Madagascar” and were asked to rate their level of amusement. Their expressive responses, namely smiles and laughs, were coded and analysed.

Results
Individuals with WS seem to be able to discriminate between humorous and non-humorous conditions and appreciate simple humorous content as much as TD individuals. As such, they are equally able to process simple types of humour as their mental-age matched counterparts. Additionally, and in line with their positivity bias, individuals with WS expressed more frequent and more intense laughter than the control group.

Conclusion
Individuals with WS appreciate simple humour as much as TD individuals, and they seem to display a particularly high expressivity in response to humorous stimuli.
Influence of geogrid arrangement on the bearing capacity of a granular soil on physical models and its comparison to theoretical equations
Authors: Albuja-Sánchez Jorge , Cóndor Lino , Oñate Karen , Ruiz Shirley , Lal Dharmesh 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of the influence of geogrid distribution on the bearing capacity of granular soils. For this purpose, the bearing capacity is compared based on 3 arrangements, uniform, trapezoidal, and inverted trapezoidal, with 2 types of geogrids, biaxial and multiaxial, under the application of an axial load. The tests performed were analyzed in three forms in which the trapezoidal distribution was the best arrangement for biaxial and multiaxial geogrids. The first analysis considers the peaks for each stress–strain curve, the trapezoidal distribution increases the bearing capacity by 36% and 33% for biaxial and multiaxial geogrids, respectively. The second analysis considers a settlement ratio (s/B) of 10%, which had an average increment of 30.5% for the two types of geogrids. The third analysis considers a 20% of s/B ratio, which showed a 56% and 81% of bearing capacity ratio (BCR) increase for biaxial and multiaxial geogrids respectively. From an economical and environmental analysis, the trapezoidal distribution saves 7% of material compared to the traditional uniform distribution. The comparison between physical and numerical models with theoretical equations is presented.
Translation beyond Delsarte
Authors: Horváth Á. P. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe introduce general translations as solutions to Cauchy or Dirichlet problems. This point of view allows us to handle for instance the heat-diffusion semigroup as a translation. With the given examples, Kolmogorov–Riesz characterization of compact sets in certain $$L^p_\mu $$

L
μ
p

spaces is given. Pego-type characterizations are also derived. Finally, for some examples, the equivalence of the corresponding modulus of smoothness and K-functional is pointed out.
Automatic Screening System to Distinguish Benign/Malignant Breast-Cancer Histology Images Using Optimized Deep and Handcrafted Features
Authors: Yang Yongguo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBreast Cancer (BC) has been increasing in incidence among women for a variety of reasons, and prompt detection and management are essential to reducing mortality rates. In the context of clinical-level breast cancer screening, the needle biopsy sample is used to generate Breast Histology Images (BHIs), which will then be used to confirm the results. Using a novel Deep-Learning Plan (DLP), the proposed work identifies BHI accurately and confirms the severity of BC by confirming its severity. As part of the proposed DLP implementation, four phases are involved: (i) the collection and enhancement of images, (ii) the extraction of features, (iii) the reduction of features and their integration, and (iv) binary classification and validation. The purpose of this study is to optimize deep features and machine features using particle swarm algorithms. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we compare the results obtained using individual deep features, dual deep features, and hybrid features. Using the hybrid image features in the classifier, this study has determined that ResNet18 with k-nearest neighbor provides superior classification accuracy (> 94%).
Air pollution reduction during COVID-19 lockdown in China: a sustainable impact assessment for future cities development
Authors: Zhang Yingbo , Zhang Chunxiao , Liu Zhengguang , Yang Xiaohu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCOVID-19 has significantly impacted people's daily lives worldwide in the past three years. During the COVID-19 lockdown in China, people's activities were restricted, private cars were banned, and some factories were shut down. It is expected that air pollution would be mitigated due to the reduction of automobile exhaust and factory pollution gas emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown. In this study, a city-level comparative study was investigated to quantify the impact of lockdown on air pollution in China. The concentration changes of air pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO, PM2.5, PM10) caused by the lockdown are studied covering 345 cities in China. The sensitivity analysis method was adopted to explore the variation scale of pollutant concentration in typical cities. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of pollutant changes between 2019 and 2020 and typical months are discussed using a composite index. The results showed that NO2, SO2 and PM10 concentrations had a significant reduction due to the lockdown, ranging from 15 to 30%. Pollutant emissions of 321 cities in February and March 2020 fell noticeably, and 272 cities showed a rebound of pollutant emissions after April 2020 when work and production resumed. The lessons learned from COVID-19 lockdowns offer valuable insights into how cities can better prepare for future crises and improve their resilience and adaptability.
Cloud-Based Digital Twins’ Storage in Emergency Healthcare
Authors: Wang Erdan , Tayebi Pouria , Song Yeong-Tae 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn a medical emergency situation, real-time patient data sharing may improve the survivability of a patient. In this paper, we explore how Digital Twin (DT) technology can be used for real-time data storage and processing in emergency healthcare. We investigated various enabling technologies, including cloud platforms, data transmission formats, and storage file formats, to develop a feasible DT storage solution for emergency healthcare. Through our analysis, we found Amazon AWS to be the most suitable cloud platform due to its sophisticated real-time data processing and analytical tools. Additionally, we determine that the MQTT protocol is suitable for real-time medical data transmission, and FHIR is the most appropriate medical file storage format for emergency healthcare situations. We propose a cloud-based DT storage solution, in which real-time medical data are transmitted to AWS IoT Core, processed by Kinesis Data Analytics, and stored securely in AWS HealthLake. Despite the feasibility of the proposed solution, challenges such as insufficient access control, lack of encryption, and vendor conformity must be addressed for successful practical implementation. Future work may involve Hyperledger Fabric technology and HTTPS protocol to enhance security, while the maturation of DT technology is expected to resolve vendor conformity issues. By addressing these challenges, our proposed DT storage solution has the potential to improve data accessibility and decision-making in emergency healthcare settings.
A web-based low carbohydrate diet intervention significantly improves glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes: results of the T2Diet Study randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dening Jedha , Mohebbi Mohammadreza , Abbott Gavin , George Elena S. , Ball Kylie , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background/objectives
In people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), low carbohydrate diets (LCD), defined as 10–<26% total energy intake from carbohydrate, have indicated improved glycaemic control and clinical outcomes. Web-based interventions can help overcome significant challenges of accessibility and availability of dietary education and support for T2DM. No previous study had evaluated a web-based LCD intervention using a randomised controlled trial (RCT) design. The objective of this study was to assess whether a web-based LCD programme provided in conjunction with standard care improves glycaemic control in adults with T2DM.

Subjects/methods
A 16-week parallel RCT was conducted remotely during Covid-19 among the general community, recruiting adults with T2DM not on insulin aged 40–89 years. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to standard care plus the web-based T2Diet healthy LCD education programme (intervention) or standard care only (control). The primary outcome was haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were weight, body mass index (BMI), anti-glycaemic medication, dietary intake, and self-efficacy. Blinded data analysis was conducted by intention-to-treat.

Results
Ninety-eight participants were enrolled, assigning 49 to each group, with 87 participants (n = 40 intervention; n = 47 control) included in outcome analysis. At 16 weeks, there was a statistically significant between-group difference favouring the intervention group, with reductions in HbA1c –0.65% (95% CI: –0.99 to –0.30; p < 0.0001), weight –3.26 kg (p < 0.0001), BMI –1.11 kg/m2 (p < 0.0001), and anti-glycaemic medication requirements –0.40 (p < 0.0001), with large effect sizes Cohen’s d > 0.8.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that as an adjunct to standard care, the web-based T2Diet programme significantly improved glycaemic control and clinical outcomes in adults with T2DM. In addition, the results highlight the potential to improve access and availability for people with T2DM to achieve glycaemic control and improved health through web-based dietary education and support.
Polyploidy, EZH2 upregulation, and transformation in cytomegalovirus-infected human ovarian epithelial cells
Authors: El Baba Ranim , Haidar Ahmad Sandy , Monnien Franck , Mansar Racha , Bibeau Frédéric , Herbein Georges 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been implicated in epithelial ovarian cancer (OC). Polyploidy giant cancer cells (PGCCs) have been observed in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC); they possess cancer stem cell-like characteristics and give rise to progeny cells expressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. EZH2 plays a potential oncogenic role, correlating with high proliferative index and tumor grade in OC. Herein, we present the experimental evidence for HCMV as a reprogramming vector that elicited human ovarian epithelial cells (OECs) transformation leading to the generation of “CMV-transformed Ovarian cells” (CTO). The infection with the two high-risk clinical strains, namely HCMV-DB and BL provoked a distinct cellular and molecular mechanisms in infected OECs. EZH2 upregulation and cellular proliferation were curtailed by using EZH2 inhibitors. The HGSOC biopsies were characterized by an elevated EZH2 expression, possessing a strong positive correlation between the aforementioned marker and HCMV. From HGSOC biopsies, we isolated three HCMV clinical strains that transformed OECs generating CTO cells which displayed proliferative potentials in addition to EZH2 upregulation and PGCCs generation; these features were reduced upon EZH2 inhibition. High-risk HCMV strains transformed OECs confirming an HCMV-induced epithelial ovarian cancer model and highlighting EZH2 tumorigenic properties. Our findings might be highly relevant in the pathophysiology of ovarian tumors thereby nominating new targeted therapeutics.
The histone chaperone function of Daxx is dispensable for embryonic development
Authors: Sun Chang , Qi Yuan , Fowlkes Natalie , Lazic Nina , Su Xiaoping , Lozano Guillermina , Wasylishen Amanda R. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDaxx functions as a histone chaperone for the histone H3 variant, H3.3, and is essential for embryonic development. Daxx interacts with Atrx to form a protein complex that deposits H3.3 into heterochromatic regions of the genome, including centromeres, telomeres, and repeat loci. To advance our understanding of histone chaperone activity in vivo, we developed two Daxx mutant alleles in the mouse germline, which abolish the interactions between Daxx and Atrx (DaxxY130A), and Daxx and H3.3 (DaxxS226A). We found that the interaction between Daxx and Atrx is dispensable for viability; mice are born at the expected Mendelian ratio and are fertile. The loss of Daxx-Atrx interaction, however, does cause dysregulated expression of endogenous retroviruses. In contrast, the interaction between Daxx and H3.3, while not required for embryonic development, is essential for postnatal viability. Transcriptome analysis of embryonic tissues demonstrates that this interaction is important for silencing endogenous retroviruses and for maintaining proper immune cell composition. Overall, these results clearly demonstrate that Daxx has both Atrx-dependent and independent functions in vivo, advancing our understanding of this epigenetic regulatory complex.
MiR-297 inhibits tumour progression of liver cancer by targeting PTBP3
Authors: Lu Na , Min Jiali , Peng Lin , Huang Shengjian , Chai Xiahua , Wang Susu , Wang Jian 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWhereas increasing evidences demonstrate that miR-297 contributes to the tumour development and progression, the role of miR-297 and its underlying molecular mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was still unclear. Here, we reported that the expression of miR-297 increased significantly in hepG2 cells after the treatment of the conditioned medium of human amniotic epithelial cells(hAECs) which can inhibit the proliferation and migration of hepG2. And the overexpression of miR-297 inhibits the cell proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cell lines in vitro and suppressed the tumorigenesis of HCC in vivo. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 3 (PTBP3) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-297 in HCC cell lines, and mediated the function of miR-297 in HCC cells. In clinical samples, miR-297 levels have a tendency to decrease, but there are no statistically significant differences. Furthermore, in vitro cell experiments confirmed that overexpression of miR-297 could inhibit the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by down-regulating PTBP3 expression, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. In conclusion, our results revealed that miR-297 could down-regulate the expression of PTBP3 and inhibit the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby preventing HCC growth, migration and invasion.
Co-amplification of CBX3 with EGFR or RAC1 in human cancers corroborated by a conserved genetic interaction among the genes
Authors: Bosso Giuseppe , Cipressa Francesca , Tullo Liliana , Cenci Giovanni 
Published: August 2023

AbstractChromobox Protein 3 (CBX3) overexpression is a common event occurring in cancer, promotes cancer cell proliferation and represents a poor prognosis marker in a plethora of human cancers. Here we describe that a wide spectrum of human cancers harbors a co-amplification of CBX3 gene with either EGFR or RAC1, which yields a statistically significant increase of both mRNA and protein levels of CBX3, EGFR and RAC1. We also reveal that the simultaneous overexpression of CBX3, RAC1 and EGFR gene products correlates with a worse prognosis compared to the condition when CBX3, RAC1 and EGFR are singularly upregulated. Furthermore, we also show that a co-occurrence of low-grade amplification, in addition to high-grade amplification, between CBX3 and EGFR or RAC1 is associated with a reduced patient lifespan. Finally, we find that CBX3 and RAC1/EGFR genetically interact in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, suggesting that the simultaneous overexpression as well as well the co-occurrence of high- or low-grade copy number alterations in these genes is not accidental and could reflect evolutionarily conserved functional relationships.
Resonating holes vs molecular spin-orbit coupled states in group-5 lacunar spinels
Authors: Petersen Thorben , Bhattacharyya Pritam , Rößler Ulrich K. , Hozoi Liviu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe valence electronic structure of magnetic centers is one of the factors that determines the characteristics of a magnet. This may refer to orbital degeneracy, as for jeff = 1/2 Kitaev magnets, or near-degeneracy, e.g., involving the third and fourth shells in cuprate superconductors. Here we explore the inner structure of magnetic moments in group-5 lacunar spinels, fascinating materials featuring multisite magnetic units in the form of tetrahedral tetramers. Our quantum chemical analysis reveals a very colorful landscape, much richer than the single-electron, single-configuration description applied so far to all group-5 GaM4X8 chalcogenides, and clarifies the basic multiorbital correlations on M4 tetrahedral clusters: while for V strong correlations yield a wave-function that can be well described in terms of four V4+V3+V3+V3+ resonant valence structures, for Nb and Ta a picture of dressed molecular-orbital jeff = 3/2 entities is more appropriate. These internal degrees of freedom likely shape vibronic couplings, phase transitions, and the magneto-electric properties in each of these systems.
Room temperature valley polarization via spin selective charge transfer
Authors: Shrestha Shreetu , Li Mingxing , Park Suji , Tong Xiao , DiMarzio Donald , Cotlet Mircea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe two degenerate valleys in transition metal dichalcogenides can be used to store and process information for quantum information science and technology. A major challenge is maintaining valley polarization at room temperature where phonon-induced intervalley scattering is prominent. Here we demonstrate room temperature valley polarization in heterostructures of monolayer MoS2 and naphthylethylammine based one-dimensional chiral lead halide perovskite. By optically exciting the heterostructures with linearly polarized light close to resonance and measuring the helicity resolved photoluminescence, we obtain a degree of polarization of up to −7% and 8% in MoS2/right-handed (R-(+)-) and left-handed (S-(-)-) 1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium lead iodide perovskite, respectively. We attribute this to spin selective charge transfer from MoS2 to the chiral perovskites, where the perovskites act as a spin filter due to their chiral nature. Our study provides a simple, yet robust route to obtain room temperature valley polarization, paving the way for practical valleytronics devices.
Semaglutide in HFpEF across obesity class and by body weight reduction: a prespecified analysis of the STEP-HFpEF trial
Authors: Borlaug Barry A. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Davies Melanie J. , Rasmussen Søren , Barros Eric , Butler Javed , Einfeldt Mette Nygaard , Hovingh G. Kees , Møller Daniél Vega , Petrie Mark C. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Verma Subodh , Abhayaratna Walter , Ahmed Fozia Z. , Chopra Vijay , Ezekowitz Justin , Fu Michael , Ito Hiroshi , Lelonek Małgorzata , Melenovsky Vojtech , Núñez Julio , Perna Eduardo , Schou Morten , Senni Michele , van der Meer Peter , Von Lewinski Dirk , Wolf Dennis , Kosiborod Mikhail N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn the STEP-HFpEF trial, semaglutide improved symptoms, physical limitations and exercise function and reduced body weight in patients with obesity phenotype of heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). This prespecified analysis examined the effects of semaglutide on dual primary endpoints (change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) and body weight) and confirmatory secondary endpoints (change in 6-minute walk distance (6MWD), hierarchical composite (death, HF events, change in KCCQ-CSS and 6MWD) and change in C-reactive protein (CRP)) across obesity classes I–III (body mass index (BMI) 30.0–34.9 kg m−2, 35.0–39.9 kg m−2 and ≥40 kg m−2) and according to body weight reduction with semaglutide after 52 weeks. Semaglutide consistently improved all outcomes across obesity categories (P value for treatment effects × BMI interactions = not significant for all). In semaglutide-treated patients, improvements in KCCQ-CSS, 6MWD and CRP were greater with larger body weight reduction (for example, 6.4-point (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.1, 8.8) and 14.4-m (95% CI: 5.5, 23.3) improvements in KCCQ-CSS and 6MWD for each 10% body weight reduction). In participants with obesity phenotype of HFpEF, semaglutide improved symptoms, physical limitations and exercise function and reduced inflammation and body weight across obesity categories. In semaglutide-treated patients, the magnitude of benefit was directly related to the extent of weight loss. Collectively, these data support semaglutide-mediated weight loss as a key treatment strategy in patients with obesity phenotype of HFpEF. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04788511.