bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl on apoB-48 in dyslipidemic patients treated with statin: A prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel group trial in Japan (PROUD48 study)
Authors: Takeda Yasutaka , Sakuma Ichiro , Hiramitsu Shinya , Okada Mizuho , Ueda Shinichiro , Sakurai Masaru 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWe compared the lowering effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl on fasting apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (apoB-48), a marker that reflects postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, which is one of the residual risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with statin treatment.MethodsThis prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel group trial was conducted at 4 medical institutions between April 2020 and May 2022. A total of 126 ambulatory patients with dyslipidemia receiving statin treatment for more than 4 weeks, aged 20–79 years with fasting triglyceride (TG) levels of ≥177 mg/dl were randomly assigned to 16-week pemafibrate 0.4 mg per day treatment group (PEMA, n = 63) or omega-3 fatty acid ethyl 4 g per day treatment group (OMEGA-3, n = 63). The primary endpoint was the percentage change in fasting apoB-48 from baseline to week 16.ResultsThe percentage changes in fasting apoB-48 in PEMA and OMEGA-3 were −50.8% (interquartile range −62.9 to −30.3%) and −17.5% (−38.3 to 15.3%) (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. As the secondary endpoints, the changes in fasting apoB-48 in PEMA and OMEGA-3 were −3.10 μg/ml (−5.63 to −1.87) and −0.90 μg/ml (−2.95 to 0.65) (P &lt; 0.001), respectively. Greater decreases with significant differences in the percentage changes in TG, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, apoC-III, fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase were observed in PEMA, compared with OMEGA-3. Greater increases with significant differences in those in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apoA-I, and apoA-II were observed in PEMA, compared with OMEGA-3. PEMA showed anti-atherosclerotic lipoprotein profiles in gel-permeation high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, compared with OMEGA-3. Although adverse events occurred in 9 of 63 (14.3%) patients in PEMA and 3 of 63 (4.8%) patients in OMEGA-3, no serious adverse events associated with drug were observed in either group.ConclusionsThis is the first randomized trial to compare the lowering effects of pemafibrate and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl on fasting apoB-48. We concluded that pemafibrate was superior to omega-3 fatty acid ethyl in lowering effect of fasting apoB-48. Pemafibrate is expected to reduce the residual risk for ASCVD with statin treatment.Clinical trial registrationhttps://rctportal.niph.go.jp/en, identifier jRCTs071200011.
Structures, deformation history and dynamic background of the Qianyingzi Coal Mine in the Huaibei Coalfield, eastern China
Authors: Gu Chengchuan , Zhai Xiaorong , Wu Jiwen , Li Guangping , Wang Xin , Tan Pengfei , Hao Hongjun 
Published: January 2023

The Qianyingzi Coal Mine is located in the west of the Suxian Mining District of the Huaibei Coalfield, eastern China. The study on structural development patterns and genetic mechanisms in this mine lays an important foundation for safe and efficiently underground mining, and is also the key to understanding the regional tectonic evolution. In this study, based on the analysis of three-dimensional seismic, drilling and underground measured data and regional tectonic correlation, the structures, evolution history and dynamic background of the Qianyingzi Coal Mine are discussed. The Carboniferous-Permian coal measure strata in the mine are generally a gentle syncline with a NNE-trending axis, and cut by a series of faults. The faults developed in this mine are mainly medium- and small-sized with a throw of less than 20 m, and the number of reverse faults is significantly greater than that of normal faults. The strikes of reverse and normal faults are both mainly NE, followed by NNE and nearly N‒S. According to the characteristics of structural geometry, tectonic association, fault property and cross-cutting relation, the structural deformation of coal measure strata in the Qianyingzi Coal Mine can be divided into five stages, and the corresponding tectonic stress fields are NWW‒SEE compressive stress, nearly E‒W compressive stress, NW‒SE compressive stress, nearly E‒W and NW‒SE extensional stresses, respectively. It developed the Fengjia Syncline with a NNE-trending axis in the first stage and nearly N‒S-striking reverse faults in the second stage, which were the results of foreland deformation and subsequent continent-continent collision during the convergence of the North China Craton and South China Plate in the Indosinian period. The NNE-striking reverse sinistral faults and NE-striking reverse faults developed in the third stage is related to the rapid oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate toward the East Asian continental margin at the beginning of the Early Cretaceous in the western Pacific region. Later, the fourth and fifth stages of the nearly N‒S- and NE-SW-striking normal faults were developed under the backarc extensional background in eastern China during the Early Cretaceous. These new results can be used to guide the rational arrangement for underground mining and also provide a new understanding for regional tectonic evolution of the Huaibei Coalfield.
Modeling carbon uptake by vegetation of grassland ecosystems and its associated factors in China based on remote sensing
Authors: Li Xuejie , Li Ruren , Sha Zongyao 
Published: January 2023

In order to reveal the spatial variation characteristics and influencing factors of grassland net primary productivity (NPP) in China, this paper uses remote sensing data, land use data and meteorological data to simulate and estimate China’s grassland net primary productivity from 2001 to 2019 using the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA). The trend analysis and complex correlation analysis were used to analyze the relationship with the temporal and spatial changes of grassland NPP from the perspectives of climate factors, topography, longitude and latitude. The results show that: 1) In the past 19 years, the China’s grassland NPP has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend, the spatial distribution of NPP variation shows a characteristic of low in the west and high in the east, with the increased area accounting for 70.39% of the total grassland area, and the low NPP values are mainly distributed in the northwestern part of Tibet and Qinghai and the central part of Inner Mongolia, the average annual NPP is 257.13 g C·m−2·a−1. 2) The change of mean NPP value of grassland in China is more dependent on precipitation (p) than air temperature (T). 3) Grassland NPP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of altitude, and the NPP on the gradient with DEM between 200 m and 500 m was the highest (483.86 g·C·m−2·a−1); The maximum annual mean value (448.42 g C·m−2·a−1) is fallen over the sharp slope of 35°–45°; the NPP of grassland increases with the slope (from shade to sunny), and the NPP of grassland on the semi-sunny slope increases. The annual average NPP is the highest (270.87 g C·m−2·a−1). 4) The mean value of grassland NPP was negatively correlated with the change of latitude, and showed a “wave-like” downward trend from south to north; the mean value of grassland NPP was positively related to the change of longitude. The correlation relationship shows a “stepped” upward trend from west to east.
A record of volcanic eruptions over the past 2,200 years from Vostok firn cores, central East Antarctica
Authors: Veres Arina N. , Ekaykin Alexey A. , Golobokova Liudmila P. , Khodzher Tamara V. , Khuriganowa Olga I. , Turkeev Alexey V. 
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The products of volcanic eruptions found in the snow, firn and ice deposits of the polar ice sheets are precious sources of information on the volcanic forcing of the climate system in the recent or remote past. On the other hand, the layers containing the traces of well-known eruptions serve as absolute age markers that help to construct the depth-age scale for the snow-firn thickness.Methods: In this study we present new records of the sulfate concentrations and electrical conductivity (ECM) from three shallow (up to 70 m depth) firn cores drilled in the vicinity of Vostok station (central East Antarctica).Results: In the non-sea-salt sulfate and ECM profiles we were able to identify 68 peaks that can be interpreted as traces of volcanic events.Discussion: 22 of these peaks can be unambiguously attributed to well-known volcanic eruptions (including Tambora 1816 CE, Huaynaputina 1601 CE, Samalas 1258 CE, Ilopango 541 CE and others), which allowed to construct a robust depth-age scale for the cores. 37 events have their counterparts in other Antarctic cores, but cannot be associated with welldated eruptions. Finally, 9 peaks do not have analogues in the other cores, i.e., they may be traces of so far unknown volcanic events. According to the newly constructed depth-age function, the deepest studied firn layers (70.20 m) are dated by 192 BCE.
Spatial patterns in sociodemographic factors explain to a large extent the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Aragon (Spain)
Authors: Bentué-Martínez Carmen , Mimbrero Marcos Rodrigues , Zúñiga-Antón María 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionThe global burden of multi-morbidity has become a major public health challenge due to the multi stakeholder action required to its prevention and control. The Social Determinants of Health approach is the basis for the establishment of health as a cross-cutting element of public policies toward enhanced and more efficient decision making for prevention and management.ObjectiveTo identify spatially varying relationships between the multi-morbidity of hypertension and diabetes and the sociodemographic settings (2015–2019) in Aragon (a mediterranean region of Northeastern Spain) from an ecological perspective.Materials and methodsFirst, we compiled data on the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and sociodemographic variables to build a spatial geodatabase. Then, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to derive regression variables, i.e., aggregating prevalence rates into a multi-morbidity component (stratified by sex) and sociodemographic covariate into a reduced but meaningful number of factors. Finally, we applied Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and cartographic design techniques to investigate the spatial variability of the relationships between multi-morbidity and sociodemographic variables.ResultsThe GWR models revealed spatial explicit relationships with large heterogeneity. The sociodemographic environment participates in the explanation of the spatial behavior of multi-morbidity, reaching maximum local explained variance (R2) of 0.76 in men and 0.91 in women. The spatial gradient in the strength of the observed relationships was sharper in models addressing men’s prevalence, while women’s models attained more consistent and higher explanatory performance.ConclusionModeling the prevalence of chronic diseases using GWR enables to identify specific areas in which the sociodemographic environment is explicitly manifested as a driving factor of multi-morbidity. This is step forward in supporting decision making as it highlights multi-scale contexts of vulnerability, hence allowing specific action suitable to the setting to be taken.
New prognostic scoring system for mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by modifying the gender, age, and physiology model with desaturation during the six-minute walk test
Authors: Lee Jae Ha , Jang Ji Hoon , Jang Hang-Jea , Kim Song Yee , Chung Man Pyo , Yoo Hongseok , Jeong Sung Hwan , Song Jin Woo , Lee Hong Lyeol , Choi Sun Mi , Kim Young Whan , Kim Yong Hyun , Park Sung Woo , Park Jong Sun , Jegal Yangin , Lee Jongmin , Uh Soo-Taek , Kim Tae-Hyung , Kim Yee Hyung , Shin Beomsu , Lee Hyun-kyung , Yang Sei-Hoon , Lee Hyun , Kim Sang-Heon , Lee Eun-Joo , Choi Hye Sook , Kang Hyung Koo , Heo Eun Young , Lee Won-Yeon , Park Moo Suk 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD) with variable and heterogeneous clinical course. The GAP (gender, age, and physiology) model had been used to predict mortality in patients with IPF, but does not contain exercise capacity. Therefore, our aim in this study was to develop new prognostic scoring system in the Korea IPF Cohort (KICO) registry.Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective study of Korean patients with IPF in KICO registry from June 2016 to August 2021. We developed new scoring system (the GAP6) based on the GAP model adding nadir saturation of percutaneous oxygen (SpO2) during six-minute walk test (6MWT) in the KICO registry and compared the efficacy of the GAP and the GAP6 model.ResultsAmong 2,412 patients in KICO registry, 966 patients were enrolled. The GAP6 model showed significant prognostic value for mortality between each stage [HR Stage II vs. Stage I = 2.89 (95% CI = 2.38–3.51), HR Stage III vs. Stage II = 2.68 (95% CI = 1.60–4.51)]. In comparison the model performance with area under curve (AUC) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the GAP6 model showed a significant improvement for predicting mortality than the GAP model (AUC the GAP vs. the GAP6, 0.646 vs. 0.671, p &lt; 0.0019). Also, the C-index values slightly improved from 0.674 to 0.691 for mortality.ConclusionThe GAP6 model adding nadir SpO2 during 6WMT for an indicator of functional capacity improves prediction ability with C-index and AUC. Additional multinational study is needed to confirm these finding and validate the applicability and accuracy of this risk assessment system.
Associations between reproductive history, hormone use, APOE ε4 genotype and cognition in middle- to older-aged women from the UK Biobank
Authors: Lindseth Linn R. S. , de Lange Ann-Marie G. , van der Meer Dennis , Agartz Ingrid , Westlye Lars T. , Tamnes Christian K. , Barth Claudia 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionRelative to men, women are at a higher risk of developing age-related neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease. While women’s health has historically been understudied, emerging evidence suggests that reproductive life events such as pregnancy and hormone use may influence women’s cognition later in life.MethodsWe investigated the associations between reproductive history, exogenous hormone use, apolipoprotein (APOE) ε4 genotype and cognition in 221,124 middle- to older-aged (mean age 56.2 ± 8.0 years) women from the UK Biobank. Performance on six cognitive tasks was assessed, covering four cognitive domains: episodic visual memory, numeric working memory, processing speed, and executive function.ResultsA longer reproductive span, older age at menopause, older age at first and last birth, and use of hormonal contraceptives were positively associated with cognitive performance later in life. Number of live births, hysterectomy without oophorectomy and use of hormone therapy showed mixed findings, with task-specific positive and negative associations. Effect sizes were generally small (Cohen’s d &lt; 0.1). While APOE ε4 genotype was associated with reduced processing speed and executive functioning, in a dose-dependent manner, it did not influence the observed associations between female-specific factors and cognition.DiscussionOur findings support previous evidence of associations between a broad range of female-specific factors and cognition. The positive association between a history of hormonal contraceptive use and cognition later in life showed the largest effect sizes (max. d = 0.1). More research targeting the long-term effects of female-specific factors on cognition and age-related neurocognitive disorders including Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for a better understanding of women’s brain health and to support women’s health care.
Opposite pattern of transcranial direct current stimulation effects in middle-aged and older adults: Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence
Authors: Bagattini Chiara , Cid-Fernández Susana , Bulgari Martina , Miniussi Carlo , Bortoletto Marta 
Published: January 2023

IntroductionEpisodic memory (EM) exhibits an age-related decline, with overall increased impairment after the age of 65. The application of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to ameliorate cognitive decline in ageing has been extensively investigated, but its efficacy has been reported with mixed results. In this study, we aimed to assess whether age contributes to interindividual variability in tDCS efficacy.MethodsThirty-eight healthy adults between 50 and 81 years old received anodal tDCS over the left prefrontal cortex during images encoding and then performed an EM recognition task while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded.ResultsOur results showed an opposite pattern of effect between middle-aged (50–64 years) and older (65–81 years) adults. Specifically, performance in the recognition task after tDCS was enhanced in older adults and was worsened in middle-aged adults. Moreover, ERPs acquired during the recognition task showed that two EM components related to familiarity and post-retrieval monitoring, i.e., Early Frontal and Late Frontal Old-New effects, respectively, were significantly reduced in middle-aged adults after anodal tDCS.DiscussionThese results support an age-dependent effect of prefrontal tDCS on EM processes and its underlying electrophysiological substrate, with opposing modulatory trajectories along the aging lifespan.
No genetic causal association between Alzheimer’s disease and osteoporosis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hu Hongxin , Mei Jian , Cai Yuanqing , Ding Haiqi , Niu Susheng , Zhang Wenming , Fang Xinyu 
Published: January 2023

ObjectiveMany observational studies have found an association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and osteoporosis. However, it is unclear whether there is causal genetic between osteoporosis and AD.MethodsA two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was used to investigate whether there is a causal relationship between osteoporosis and AD. Genes for osteoporosis and AD were obtained from published the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with significant genome-wide differences (p &lt; 5 × 10−8) and independent (r2 &lt; 0.001) were selected, and SNPs with F ≥ 10 were further analyzed. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was used to assess causality, and the results were reported as odds ratios (ORs). Subsequently, heterogeneity was tested using Cochran’s Q test, pleiotropy was tested using the MR–Egger intercept, and leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the robustness of the results.ResultsUsing the IVW method, MR Egger method, and median-weighted method, we found that the results showed no significant causal effect of osteoporosis at different sites and at different ages on AD, regardless of the removal of potentially pleiotropic SNPs. The results were similar for the opposite direction of causality. These results were confirmed to be reliable and stable by sensitivity analysis.ConclusionThis study found that there is no bidirectional causal relationship between osteoporosis and AD. However, they share similar pathogenesis and pathways.
Rescue intracranial stenting for acute ischemic stroke after the failure of mechanical thrombectomy: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Cai Junxiu , Xu Hai , Xiao Rongzhou , Hu Liping , Xu Ping , Guo Xianbin , Xie Yu , Pan Min , Tang Jie , Gong Qingtao , Liu Yan , Su Rong , Deng Jiahua , Wang Li 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundIntracranial rescue stenting (RS) might be an option for acute ischemic stroke after the failure of mechanical thrombectomy (MT). However, the findings were not consistent in previous systematic reviews, and whether the conclusion was supported by sufficient statistical power is unknown.AimTo examine the effect of RS on acute ischemic stroke after the failure of MT with a systematic review, meta-analysis, and trial sequential analysis (TSA).MethodsWe searched Ovid Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to 15 June 2022, without any language restriction. Studies assessing the effect of RS for acute ischemia stroke after MT failure were included. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included studies through the New Ottawa Scale (NOS). The primary outcome was the recanalization rate after RS. Secondary outcomes included modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months after stroke, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality rate. We synthesized the data through a random-effects model and performed a TSA analysis.ResultsWe included 15 studies (containing 1,595 participants) after screening 3,934 records. The pooled recanalization rate for rescue stenting was 82% (95% CI 77–87%). Compared with non-stenting, rescue stenting was associated with a higher proportion of patients with 0–2 mRS score (OR 3.96, 95% CI 2.69–5.84, p &lt; 0.001) and a lower 90-day mortality rate (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.65, p &lt; 0.001), and stenting did not increase sICH rate (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–1.04, p = 0.075). The TSA analysis showed that the meta-analysis of the mRS score had a sufficient sample size and statistical power.ConclusionsOur study showed that rescue stenting was effective and safe for patients with acute ischemia stroke who also had a failed MT, and this result was confirmed in a TSA analysis.