bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public attitudes towards disclosing personal and anonymous health-related data and information
Authors: Yen Dorothy Ai-wan , Dorussen Han , Pickering Steve , Hansen Martin , Scotto Thomas , Reifler Jason 
Published: January 2025

Background/Aims Public perceptions of the acceptability of healthcare organisations, such as the NHS, sharing their data or information with other relevant entities may depend on various factors. This study aimed to fill gaps in the literature relating to this topic by investigating public perceptions of health record sharing with different entities, and how the anonymity (or lack thereof) of records and the terminology used may affect these attitudes. Methods A survey was distributed to 2335 members of the public in England, sampled through YouGov's online panel. Respondents were randomly sorted into four groups and given a scenario about health record sharing. The scenarios differed between groups in terms of whether records were personal (non-anonymous) or anonymous, and whether the term ‘data’ or ‘information’ was used. Respondents were asked to rate the acceptability of sharing with different entities, including health and social care providers, insurance companies and local government. Differences between responses were analysed, with significance set at P<0.01. Results The majority (84%) of respondents indicated that they found it either acceptable or very acceptable for the NHS to share personal data and information with hospitals and GPs. Higher levels of acceptability were observed when the term ‘information’ rather than ‘data’ was used. However, over half of respondents found it either unacceptable or very unacceptable for the NHS to share such information with pharmaceutical companies for research purposes or with councils, whether these data were personal or anonymised. Conclusions This study suggests that people are more willing to share personal data when they perceive there to be potential personal benefits. It also contradicts the commonly held assumption that people are more comfortable sharing records that have been anonymised. These findings could inform future public health initiatives.
The Basis for the International Division of Labor and International Trade Is Absolute Rather than Comparative Advantage: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Zhang Xian , Fan Jingyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract:
According to the general consensus in academia, Ricardo’s theory of international trade embodies the theory of comparative advantage. The principle of comparative advantage he proposed, based on the model of physical trade and employing comparative cost analysis, holds that comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage forms the basis of the international division of labor and of international trade, and is thus the negation of Smith’s theory of absolute advantage. However, a complete examination of Ricardo’s theory of international trade shows that the comparative advantage determined by Ricardo on the basis of comparative cost analysis is precisely the absolute advantage of intra-sector competition across countries in physical trade. Moreover, Ricardo also established a monetary model compatible with his understanding of physical trade. This monetary model, which has generally been ignored by academics, and especially by those adhering to the mainstream, i.e., the neoclassical theory of comparative advantage, is in line with the principle of absolute advantage. In particular, Ricardo emphasized the decisive role of exogenous technological progress in altering positions of advantage. The present analysis, however, shows equally that what the neoclassical theory of comparative advantage actually proves is still absolute advantage.
Chronic disease risk factors among hospital employees: A cross-sectional study in Türkiye
Authors: Medeni Volkan , Topcu Vildan , Bozdağ Fatma , Medeni İrem 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Chronic diseases have become a significant public health problem with the prolongation of human life. There are four main behavioral risk factors for mortality. This study evaluated the significant risk factors for chronic diseases in university hospital employees.

Materials and methods
The cross-sectional study population consisted of hospital employees working at Gazi University Hospital for at least one year. The sample size was calculated to be 285, with a 100% response rate. The study’s independent variables were age, gender, educational status, working department, and presence of chronic diseases. Dependent variables were smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity, and body mass index (BMI) categories. Data on participants’ characteristics, habits, and behaviors were obtained from the hospital system or with open-ended questions. Their body weight and height were measured. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to assess physical inactivity.

Results
The smoking prevalence of hospital employees was 41.8%. Regular alcohol use was 19.3%. Based on the BMI values obtained, 37.9% of the participants were pre-obese, and 18.2% were obese. According to the results of the IPAQ, 13.7% were inactive. The prevalence of smoking was 50.4%, alcohol consume 11.6%, physical inactivity 50.4%, and overweight 65.3% among those who graduated from high school or lower. In contrast, the prevalences were 35.4%, 25.0%, 69.5%, and 49.4%, respectively, among those who graduated from university or higher. A one-unit increase in age of participants without chronic disease increased BMI by 1.06 times (p<0.05). When individuals with a high school education or lower are taken as the reference group, it was found that physical inactivity is 1.78 times higher among those with a university degree or higher (p<0.05).

Conclusion
The effect of education level on health habits and behaviors should be considered in terms of the target group and content of preventive health programs and awareness-raising studies.
Futility in TAVI: A scoping review of definitions, predictive criteria, and medical predictive models
Authors: Ferry Charlie , Fiery-Fraillon Jade , Togni Mario , Cook Stephane 
Published: January 2025

Background
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) procedures are rapidly expanding, necessitating a more extensive stratification of patients with aortic stenosis. Especially in the high-risk group, some patients fail to derive optimal or any benefits from TAVI, leading to the risk of futile interventions. Despite consensus among several experts regarding the importance of recognizing and anticipating such interventions, the definition, and predictive criteria for futility in TAVI remain ambiguous.

Aim
The purpose of this study is to explore the literature addressing the definition, predictive criteria, and medical predictive models for futility in cases of TAVI.

Design
A scoping review was conducted by two researchers and reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Eligibility criteria
Studies addressing futility in TAVI, including definitions, predictive variables, and models, were included without restrictions on study design but were excluded study only on surgical valve replacement, valve in valve or aortic stenosis causes by other pathology than calcification.

Information sources
We identified 129 studies from five key sources: CINAHL, PUBMED, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMBASE. The literature search was conducted in two rounds—first in February 2024 and again in October 2024—using no restrictions on the year of publication or the language of the studies. Additional references were included through cross-referencing.

Results
The definition of futility is not unanimous, although most researchers agreed on 1-year survival as a cutoff. The majority of studies focused on single variables that can predict 1-year survival, employing either prospective or retrospective designs. Frailty was the major concept studied. Numerous predictive models have been identified, but no consensus was found.

Conclusion
Futility concepts generate interest in the TAVI procedure. In this review, numerous articles state that 1-year mortality serves as a cutoff to define futile procedures. Some variables, cardiac or otherwise, are independent predictors of 1-year mortality. Medical predictive models showed moderate sensitivity and specificity, except for machine learning, which shows promise for the future. However, few articles delve deeply into non-quantifiable parameters such as patient goals and objectives or ethical questions. More studies should focus on these parameters.
Retrospective study of incidence/prevalence of pigmentary maculopathy and retinopathy in patients receiving pentosan polysulfate sodium
Authors: Yuan Zhong , Vaughan Subusola , Jeffcoat Carolyn , Hu Peter , Yuson Ritchie , Fife Daniel , Borkar Durga 
Published: January 2025

Purpose
To evaluate prevalence and incidence rates of pigmentary maculopathy and retinopathy (PM/PR), and visual acuity (VA) changes in patients exposed to pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) and in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) not exposed to PPS.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study (January 2015–March 2021) which included adult de-identified patients from the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight) and Komodo Health database. Three patient cohorts were identified: two PPS-exposed patient cohorts, and Non-PPS-exposed IC patient cohort. Key study outcomes included PM/PR/Any (defined based on prior literature regardless of PPS exposure) and PM/PR/PPS (further defined by an algorithm that was based on clinical notes and other protocol-prespecified criteria in PPS-exposed patients), and VA changes in each respective cohort.

Results
Prevalence of PM/PR/Any was relatively common in patients prior to PPS exposure (4.16%–8.43%). Incidence rate of PM/PR/PPS was uncommon in both PPS-exposed cohorts (0.13–0.15 per 100 person-years). Crude incidence rates of PM/PR/Any (based on ITT analysis) varied slightly across 3 study cohorts (2.13–2.81 and 2.38 per 100-person-years for PPS-exposed cohorts and Non-PPS-exposed IC cohort, respectively). Across all 3 study cohorts, patients with PM/PR/Any appeared to have approximately 2-fold higher proportion of 3 lines of VA worsening than those without PM/PR/Any.

Conclusion
Prevalence of PM/PR was common in patients prior to PPS exposure. Incidence of PM/PR/PPS that may be associated with PPS exposure was relatively uncommon. Crude incidence rates of PM/PR appeared similar across all patient cohorts regardless of PPS exposure.
Genetic variability and population structure analysis of Protostrongylus oryctolagi (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) in Lepus europaeus from Central and Northern Italy
Authors: Guarniero Ilaria , Stancampiano Laura , Franch Rafaella , Armaroli Elisa , Macchioni Fabio , Negrisolo Enrico 
Published: January 2025

Nematodes are abundant and ubiquitous animals which are poorly known at intraspecific level. This work represents the first attempt to fill the gap on basic knowledge of genetic variability and differentiation in Protostrongylus oryctolagi, a nematode parasite of lagomorphs. 68 cox1 sequences were obtained from brown hares collected in five locations in Northern and Central Italy, highlighting the presence of a high amount of genetic variation inside this species. The eleven haplotypes identified (Haplotype diversity equal to 0.702) were split into two lineages: lineage A (comprising six different haplotypes, A1-A6) and lineage B (B1-B5). The mean intra-lineage amount of genetic variation was 0.3%, whereas the inter-lineage percentage of variation was ten-fold higher (3%). These two lineages were non-randomly distributed in the investigated areas. Lineage A showed a preference for Central Italy (Tuscany) even if it was sporadically found also in northern territories (Emilia-Romagna), while B-haplotypes were present exclusively in Emilia-Romagna. The analysis of molecular variance identified two main barriers to gene flow: (i) a strong major one which separate samples of Central Italy (PIA and GR7) from the northern ones (RE1, RE3 and MO1; ΦST = 0.750, P = 0.00); (ii) a secondary faint barrier which separates Pianosa island from Grosseto (ΦST = 0.133, P = 0.00). Any difference was found among northern samples (ΦST = 0.009, P = 0.00). The observed data may be explained by several factors ranging from the parasite’s biology (presence of a narrow host spectrum), the final host’s behaviour (small home range), the natural dispersion of the host-parasite dyad occurred in past or the recent passive men-mediated migration. Finally, the presence of unconventional shortened amplicons revealed the presence of NUMTs (nuclear copy of mitochondrial genes) in the P. oryctolagi nuclear genome, suggesting caution when using DNA barcode as unique marker for the identification of species belonging to this genus.
“In short, if all the matter in the universe except the nematodes were swept away, our world would still be dimly recognizable”. Nathan Augustus Cobb, from "Nematodes and Their Relationships", 1915
Cervical cancer care at a tertiary oncology facility in Uganda: Comparing daily practice with national treatment targets on cervical cancer control
Authors: de Fouw Marlieke , Boere Melissa W. M. , Nakisige Carolyn , Nabwire Mariam , Namugga Jane , Luutu Israel , Orem Jackson , Lith Jan M. M. van , Beltman Jogchum J. 
Published: January 2025

Objective
Treatment of cervical cancer patients in Uganda is hampered by late diagnosis due to the unavailability of timely screening and limited availability of advanced cancer care. This study evaluated the clinical presentation and management of cervical cancer patients presenting at the Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) in Kampala, the tertiary oncology facility in Uganda with access to radiotherapy and reflected on daily clinical practice to identify priority areas for improving cervical cancer care in Uganda.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed medical records of all cervical cancer patients presenting to UCI between January 2017 and March 2018 for sociodemographic characteristics and clinical variables with descriptive statistics. The clinical management of patients with early and advanced stage disease who initiated treatment at UCI was evaluated using the national targets formulated in the Uganda strategic plan for cervical cancer prevention and control.

Results
Medical records of 583 patients were included, representing less than 10% of the annual estimated incidence in Uganda. The majority (86%) of patients presented with advanced stage of disease. More than half of patients never initiated (31%) or interrupted (30%) treatment. The national treatment targets for surgery (10%) and palliative care (25%) were achieved for eligible patients at UCI, however, the target for chemoradiotherapy (65%) was not met.

Conclusion
Daily clinical practice differed from the ambitions formulated in the national treatment targets on cervical cancer control. While most women presented in advanced stage requiring chemoradiotherapy, the target was not met due to limited availability of radiotherapy. Although targets for surgery and palliative care were achieved at UCI facility level, they mask the unmet need of the majority of cervical cancer patients who never initiated or completed treatment. This demands for further expansion of oncological surgical capacity, chemotherapy and radiotherapy and warrants to focus on accessible prevention programs.
Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity does not improve mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with severe abdominal aortic calcification
Authors: Sheng Chang , Xiong Yacheng , Yang Pu , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2025

Background
The impact of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with severe abdominal aortic calcification (SAAC) remains unclear.

Methods
We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014, including T2D patients aged 40 years and older. AAC was assessed using the Kauppila scoring system, with SAAC defined as a score >6. Self-reported MVPA was categorized based on weekly minutes of activity. The weighted Cox regression model was used to investigate risk associations.

Results
Among the weighted sample of 20,328,606 T2D participants, 16.39% had SAAC. SAAC was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR 2.57, 95% CI 1.52–4.35) after adjusting for confounders. MVPA did not significantly reduce mortality risk in patients with SAAC (HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.40–2.49).

Conclusion
SAAC is a robust predictor of mortality in T2D patients, and MVPA does not improve mortality outcomes in this high-risk group. Future studies should conduct more detailed subgroup analyses to identify the specific indications for MVPA.
Transpedicular implantation using a two-part navigation template in extremely small pedicles
Authors: Kosulin A. V. , Elyakin D. V. , Saburova D. A. , Gordievskikh O. A. , German A. D. , Bulatova I. A. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To explore results of transpedicular screws insertion in extremely small pedicles using two-part navigation template.Material and Methods. Eleven consecutive patients with spinal deformities were included in the study. During surgery pedicle screws were implanted using two-part navigation templates with metallic adapter that allow to guide screw insertion as well as pedicle drilling (total of 98 screws including 60 screws in pedicle width lesser than 3.5 mm). Retrospective control group consisted of 46 patients treated using common design navigation templates that guide pedicle drilling only (total of 294 screws including 106 screws in pedicle width lesser than 3.5 mm). Malpositions with “empty” correct transpedicular channel and without one were reported separately.Results. In extremely small pedicles malposition without “empty” transpedicular channel (due to navigation template misplacement) rates were similar in both groups (8.3 % vs. 8.5 %; p > 0.05). Meanwhile malposition with “empty” transpedicular channel (because of secondary screw deviation) rate was significantly less in two-part template group than in common design template group (3.6 % vs. 17.5 %; p < 0.05).Conclusion. In pedicle width less than 3.5 mm application of two-part navigation template guiding transpedicular channel drilling and screw insertion allows to reduce the rate of malposition due to secondary screw deviation significantly, while the difference in malposition rate because of template misplacement is insignificant as compared with navigation template of common design.
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the spine in children: features of intravertebral zoning and results of surgical treatment with a follow-up of at least one year
Authors: Malamashin D. B. , Mushkin A. Yu. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To analyze the features of zonal localization of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma and the results of their surgical treatment in pediatric patients.Material and Methods. The data of 41 children aged 4 to 17 years who underwent surgery for osteoid osteoma (29) and osteoblastoma (12) of the vertebrae were compared retrospectively within a monocentric cohort. The features of the tumor zonal location and the results of surgical treatment were assessed taking into account the risk of relapse and the need for instrumental stabilization.Results. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma are localized in the posterior structures of the vertebrae (sectors 2–4 and 9–11 according to the Weinstein – Boriani – Biagini classification) in 93 and 75 %, respectively, with a predominance of right-sided localization of osteoid osteoma (sector 9–11). Osteoid osteomas are predominantly located in zones B and C, while the spread of osteoblastomas to zone D indicates a more aggressive course with the possibility of developing neurological symptoms in 50 % of cases. Complete removal of tumors in the volume of marginal resection due to unilateral localization in the posterior elements of the vertebra is safe and allows, in the absence of intraoperative destabilization, to complete the operation without additional instrumental fixation; local bone fusion is sufficient to prevent local instability.Conclusion. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma of the vertebrae in children differ in localization, zoning according to the Weinstein – Boriani – Biagini classification, and clinical aggressiveness of the course. Features of intraorgan zoning of tumors with proximity to nerve structures limit the use of ablation technologies, while wide marginal resection provides a full-fledged cure. The need for instrumental stabilization of the spine depends on the volume of resection.
Nonspecific craniovertebral spondylitis: features of surgical tactics
Authors: Lisitsky I. Yu. , Khomenko V. A. , Lychagin A. V. , Zarov A. Yu. , Korkunov A. L. , Cherepanov V. G. , Vyazankin I. A. , Tselishcheva E. Yu. 
Published: January 2025

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of nonspecific spondylitis in the area of craniovertebral junction taking into account the clinical and pathomorphological features of the disease.Material and Methods. The study included 11 patients with nonspecific craniovertebral spondylitis: 4 women and 7 men aged 31 to 75 years. In 8 patients, the clinical picture was represented by neurological symptoms, and in 3 – by pain syndrome. Combined interventions were performed in 7 patients who had compression of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Of these, 5 patients first underwent transoral decompression, and then occipitospondylodesis. In the rest patients, the sequence of surgical treatment had the reverse order. In 6 cases, combined operations were performed simultaneously, and in one case — with an interval of 7 days. In one patient, the first stage was external ventricular drainage of hydrocephalus due to occlusion of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways by a displaced odontoid process, and the second stage was transoral decompression. Patients with pain syndrome underwent occipitospondylodesis. In one case, after combined surgery, ventriculoperitoneal shunting was performed for aresorptive hydrocephalus that developed after meningitis.Results. In 10 patients, the pain intensity according to VAS decreased by 5–7 points (6.3 on average) in the postoperative period. Out of 8 patients with conductor symptoms, regression of neurological disorders after surgery was achieved in 3, complete recovery (Frankel E) in 4, and one patient died of purulent ventriculitis. Control examination of 10 patients confirmed the relief of the inflammatory process and the absence of compression of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Among the early postoperative complications, one case of postoperative liquorrhea and the divergence of the edges of the wound of the posterior pharyngeal wall were recorded. Fracture of metal structure elements was observed in one patient 3 years after surgery.Conclusion. In nonspecific craniovertebral spondylitis, an active surgical tactic is justified. Occipitospondylodesis at an early stage of the disease allows to eliminate atlantoaxial instability and prevent the associated risk of neurological complications. In conduction disorders, if the patient’s condition allows, simultaneous transoral decompression and craniocervical fixation is the best option for surgical treatment of nonspecific spondylitis of the craniovertebral region. Preservation of mobility in the cervical spine facilitates the transoral stage, therefore occipitospondylodesis is advisable to be performed at the second stage.