bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced CO2 uptake is marginally offset by altered fluxes of non‐CO2 greenhouse gases in global forests and grasslands under N deposition
Authors: Xiao Shuqi , Wang Chao , Yu Kai , Liu Genyuan , Wu Shuang , Wang Jinyang , Niu Shuli , Zou Jianwen , Liu Shuwei 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the increasing impact of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on terrestrial greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, through driving both the net atmospheric CO2 exchange and the emission or uptake of non‐CO2 GHGs (CH4 and N2O), few studies have assessed the climatic impact of forests and grasslands under N deposition globally based on different bottom‐up approaches. Here, we quantify the effects of N deposition on biomass C increment, soil organic C (SOC), CH4 and N2O fluxes and, ultimately, the net ecosystem GHG balance of forests and grasslands using a global comprehensive dataset. We showed that N addition significantly increased plant C uptake (net primary production) in forests and grasslands, to a larger extent for the aboveground C (aboveground net primary production), whereas it only caused a small or insignificant enhancement of SOC pool in both upland systems. Nitrogen addition had no significant effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (RH) in both forests and grasslands, while a significant N‐induced increase in soil CO2 fluxes (RS, soil respiration) was observed in grasslands. Nitrogen addition significantly stimulated soil N2O fluxes in forests (76%), to a larger extent in grasslands (87%), but showed a consistent trend to decrease soil uptake of CH4, suggesting a declined sink capacity of forests and grasslands for atmospheric CH4 under N enrichment. Overall, the net GHG balance estimated by the net ecosystem production‐based method (forest, 1.28 Pg CO2‐eq year−1 vs. grassland, 0.58 Pg CO2‐eq year−1) was greater than those estimated using the SOC‐based method (forest, 0.32 Pg CO2‐eq year−1 vs. grassland, 0.18 Pg CO2‐eq year−1) caused by N addition. Our findings revealed that the enhanced soil C sequestration by N addition in global forests and grasslands could be only marginally offset (1.5%–4.8%) by the combined effects of its stimulation of N2O emissions together with the reduced soil uptake of CH4.
Association between mouth rinse use and changes in blood pressure: A systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Farook Fathima Fazrina , Alnasyan Bothinah , Alhamid Reem , AlAmri Zahra , Alshammari Abdulsalam , Nizam Mohamed Nuzaim Mohamed , Alorf Roaa Ali 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionPrevious randomized controlled trials have shown that the use of antiseptic mouth rinses not only eradicates oral bacteria but also disrupts their ability to convert nitrate to nitrite, which is the key molecule in regulating blood pressure (BP).ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of mouth rinses and changes in BP.MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched from their respective inception dates to 18th December 2022 to identify potential interventional studies with information on the association between the use of mouth rinse and changes in BP. Five trials using a controlled, crossover design were identified for data analysis.ResultsThe weighted mean difference was pooled using a random‐effects model. The pooled results of five trials together showed that the use of mouth rinses did not result in a statistically or clinically significant increase in the systolic BP (SBP) (1.59 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.15 to 3.33) or diastolic BP (DBP) (0.46 mmHg; 95% CI, −0.72 to 1.64). The trial sequential analysis did not present conclusive evidence supporting the association between mouth rinse use and BP elevation.ConclusionWithin the limits of the available evidence, our review and meta‐analysis showed that mouth rinse use did not result in a statistically significant increase in the SBP, DBP, or mean arterial pressure (MAP). Nevertheless, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the high degree of inconsistency across the studies.
International marriage migration: The predicament of culture and its negotiations
Authors: Ahsan Ullah A. K. M. , Chattoraj Diotima 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMarriage‐led migration or migration‐led marriage was rarely discussed in public or private realms just over two decades ago. However, international marriage migration (IMM) has become a norm in today's globalised world. While a substantial body of literature deals with this growing practice, existing literature does not adequately address the role that ethnicity plays in the context of IMM. The purpose of this study is to explore the question of ethnicity in IMM in Southeast Asian contexts. It focusses on what we have called the ‘predicament of ethnicity’ and the negotiations around ethnicity, culture and identity among couples where at least one partner migrated for the purpose of the marriage. The study is based on interviews with international couples selected using a snowball sampling method and demonstrates complex and intriguing patterns of cultural and ethnic identity negotiations between international Southeast Asian couples.
Measuring patients' experiences of continuity of care in a primary care context—Development and evaluation of a patient‐reported experience measure
Authors: Ljungholm Linda , Årestedt Kristofer , Fagerström Cecilia , Djukanovic Ingrid , Ekstedt Mirjam 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundContinuity of care is viewed as a hallmark of high‐quality care in the primary care context. Measures to evaluate the quality of provider performance are scarce, and it is unclear how the assessments correlate with patients' experiences of care as coherent and interconnected over time, consistent with their preferences and care needs.AimTo develop and evaluate a patient‐reported experience measure of continuity of care in primary care for patients with complex care needs.MethodThe study was conducted in two stages: (1) development of the instrument based on theory and empirical studies and reviewed for content validity (16 patients with complex care needs and 8 experts) and (2) psychometric evaluation regarding factor structure, test–retest reliability, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity. In all, 324 patients participated in the psychometric evaluation.ResultsThe Patient Experienced Continuity of care Questionnaire (PECQ) contains 20 items clustered in four dimensions of continuity of care measuring Information (four items), Relation (six items), Management (five items), and Knowledge (five items). Overall, the hypothesized factor structure was indicated. The PECQ also showed satisfactory convergent validity, internal consistency, and stability.Conclusion/ImplicationsThe PECQ is a multidimensional patient experience instrument that can provide information on various dimensions useful for driving quality improvement strategies in the primary care context for patients with complex care needs.Patient or Public ContributionPatients have participated in the content validation of the items.
Adaptive phenotypic and genomic divergence in the common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) following niche expansion within a small oceanic island
Authors: Recuerda María , Palacios Mercè , Frías Oscar , Hobson Keith , Nabholz Benoit , Blanco Guillermo , Milá Borja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAccording to models of ecological speciation, adaptation to adjacent, contrasting habitat types can lead to population divergence given strong enough environment-driven selection to counteract the homogenizing effect of gene flow. We tested this hypothesis in the common chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) on the small island of La Palma, Canary Islands, where it occupies two markedly different habitats. Isotopic (δ13C, δ15N) analysis of feathers indicated that birds in the two habitats differed in ecosystem and/or diet, and analysis of phenotypic traits revealed significant differences in morphology and plumage colouration that are consistent with ecomorphological and ecogeographical predictions respectively. A genome-wide survey of single-nucleotide polymorphism revealed marked neutral structure that was consistent with geography and isolation by distance, suggesting low dispersal. In contrast, loci putatively under selection identified through genome-wide association and genotype-environment association analyses, revealed a marked adaptive divergence between birds in both habitats. Loci associated with phenotypic and environmental differences among habitats were distributed across the genome, as expected for polygenic traits involved in local adaptation. Our results suggest a strong role for habitat-driven local adaptation in population divergence in the chaffinches of La Palma, a process that appears to be facilitated by a strong reduction in effective dispersal distances despite the birds' high dispersal capacity.AbstractWe study the process of local adaptation in the common chaffinch to two contrasting habitats on the island of La Palma, the humid laurel forest and the dry pine forest. We document habitat-related phenotypic divergence, and using genome–environment association analysis on a small fraction of the genome, we detect adaptive genomic divergence at a small spatial scale associated with habitat type.
The effects and predictive value of calcium and magnesium concentrations on nutritional improvement, inflammatory response and diagnosis in patients with Crohn's disease
Authors: Zheng Ying , Liao Yijun , Ouyang Ye , Wu Ziying , Li Zebin , Lin Jiasen , Zhang Kaijun , Wang Xu , Cen Zhuoxian , Ma Wenjun , Dai Shixue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCrohn's disease (CD) is a progressive inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract associated with malnutrition, high levels of inflammation and calcium and magnesium deficiencies. However, the relationships between these symptoms are poorly defined.MethodSeventy‐six adult CD patients who had not yet started treatment and 83 healthy volunteers were recruited. The dietary intakes, serum calcium and magnesium levels, nutritional indicators and biochemical markers of disease activity were measured.ResultsMost participants had inadequate magnesium and calcium intake. The serum magnesium and calcium levels, as well as nutritional and inflammatory indicators, differed significantly between CD patients and controls, especially in the active phase. Serum levels of magnesium and calcium correlated with both nutritional status and inflammation. The cut‐off values for CD development were 0.835 mmol/L (magnesium) and 2.315 mmol/L (calcium), whereas those for the active phase were 0.785 and 2.28 mmol/L, respectively.ConclusionAdequate intake of magnesium and calcium may both improve the nutritional status of CD patients and reduce inflammation, benefiting disease relief. As both magnesium and calcium reflect CD status, they may be useful markers for CD diagnosis and disease activity.
Clinical decision‐making and the nursing process in digital health systems: An integrated systematic review
Authors: Hants Laura , Bail Kasia , Paterson Catherine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimsTo identify how the nursing process (assessment, planning, intervention and outcome evaluation) has been incorporated into digital health systems (electronic medical records, electronic care plans and clinical decision support systems) to gain an understanding of known benefits and challenges posed to nurses' decision‐making processes.BackgroundNursing terminologies, including the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), and Nursing Minimum Data Set's (NMDS), have been developed to improve standardised language integration of components of nursing care into digital systems. However, there is limited evidence regarding whether the complete nursing process is effectively being incorporated into digital health systems.MethodsAn integrative systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. A search strategy was applied to extract articles from included databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science Core Collection. Articles were limited to English language and published January 2007–March 2022 and assessed using a pre‐determined eligibility criteria. Quality assessment and a narrative synthesis were conducted.ResultsA total of 3321 articles were identified, and 27 studies included. There were (n = 10) qualitative, (n = 4) quantitative non‐randomised controlled trials, (n = 3) quantitative descriptive studies and (n = 10) mixed methods. Nurse assessment and planning components were the most comprehensive phases incorporated into digital health systems, and interventions and outcome evaluation were scarcely reported.ConclusionsInadequate capture of nursing work is a problem unresolved by digital health systems. This omission may be hindering nurse clinical decision‐making for patient care and limiting the visibility of the nursing role in health care interventions and the associated impact on patient outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceFurther research is needed on how digital systems can support nurses to apply the full nursing process and to further evaluate patient outcomes. Digital systems can support health‐service level evaluation through capturing missed nursing care and the consequences on patients utilising nurse‐sensitive‐outcomes; however, this is not yet being realised.
The master regulator for entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis becomes a mother cell‐specific transcription factor for forespore engulfment
Authors: Marathe Anuradha , Zarazúa‐Osorio Brenda , Srivastava Priyanka , Fujita Masaya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Spo0A transcription factor is activated by phosphorylation in starving Bacillus subtilis cells. The activated Spo0A (Spo0A~P) regulates genes controlling entry into sporulation and appears to control mother‐cell‐specific gene expression after asymmetric division, but the latter remains elusive. Here, we found that Spo0A~P directly binds to three conserved DNA sequences (0A1‐3) in the promoter region of the mother cell‐specific lytic transglycosylase gene spoIID, which is transcribed by σE‐RNA polymerase (RNAP) and negatively controlled by the SpoIIID transcription factor and required for forespore engulfment. Systematic mutagenesis of the 0A boxes revealed that the 0A1 and 0A2 boxes located upstream of the promoter positively control the transcription of spoIID. In contrast, the 0A3 box located downstream of the promoter negatively controls the transcription of spoIID. The mutated SpoIIID binding site located between the −35 and −10 promoter elements causes increased expression of spoIID and reduced sporulation. When the mutations of 0A1, 0A2, and IIID sites are combined, sporulation is restored. Collectively, our data suggest that the mother cell‐specific spoIID expression is precisely controlled by the coordination of three factors, Spo0A~P, SpoIIID, and σE‐RNAP, for proper sporulation. The conservation of this mechanism across spore‐forming species was discussed.
Maternal periodontal diseases affect the leukocyte profiles of umbilical cord blood: A cohort study
Authors: Zhao Dan , Cheng Tianfan , Hu Dangli , Xu Xiaoyi , Zhang Feng , Yu Rong , Li Huijun , Wen Ping , Chen Lihua , Fu Mali , Yang Hong , Zhang Hanyu , Yao Jilong , Jin Lijian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimThis study evaluated the connection of periodontal status with the leukocyte profiles of maternal peripheral blood (MPB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB).Materials and MethodsNinety‐nine pregnant females were recruited, and their data were collected via questionnaire and from medical records, including demographics, systemic conditions, complete blood count (CBC) and C‐reaction protein (CRP) level in MPB. Full‐mouth periodontal assessment was performed. CBC and CRP levels in UCB were measured after parturition.ResultsAll subjects and their neonates were generally healthy. 30.3% of the participants presented with periodontal health condition, whereas 69.7% had different severities of periodontal diseases. The counts/percentages of eosinophils and monocytes in UCB from the subjects with periodontal diseases elevated, and the percentage of neutrophils decreased referencing to that from the counterparts (p < 0.05). There were positive correlations for total leukocyte count, neutrophils and lymphocytes counts/percentages in MPB and UCB among the periodontally healthy subjects (r > 0.4, p < 0.05), but such findings did not exist in those with periodontal diseases. Moreover, periodontal diseases independently accounted for the counts/percentages of neutrophils and eosinophils in UCB after controlling confounders in four testing models (ANCOVA, p < 0.05).ConclusionMaternal periodontal diseases could to some extent disturb the leukocyte profiles of umbilical cord blood.
Microvascular density analysis and histological parameters of oral cancer progression
Authors: Batistella Elis Angela , Miguel Andressa Fernanda Paza , Nascimento Nicole Lonni , Horta Martinho Campolina Rebello , Vieira Daniella Serafin Couto , Rivero Elena Riet Correa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the role of blood and lymphatic microvascular density in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsThe sample was composed of 54 cases of OSCC. The immunoexpression to anti‐alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and to anti‐endoglin (CD105) was used to determine the microvessel density (MVD); anti‐podoplanin (D2‐40) was used to assess the lymphatic vessel density (LVD); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated in malignant cells. The histological differentiation, the worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), tumour thickness and tumour budding (TB) intensity were assessed using haematoxylin–eosin and anti‐pan‐cytokeratin (AE1/AE3). Patients' age and sex, TNM classification and follow‐up time were collected from the medical records.ResultsMVD markers presented a similar pattern of expression in blood vessels. However, only α‐SMA + MVD was significantly higher among women and in tumours ≤4 cm. LVD was lower in tumours with lymph node metastasis. Regarding the histological parameters, high TB intensity was associated with histological differentiation, advanced clinical stage, greater tumour thickness and reduced disease‐free survival. No difference was found in VEGF.ConclusionsThe decrease in OSCC LVD could be related to pathological node involvement, whereas high TB intensity could indicate OSCC progression and worse patient outcomes.
Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis from tissue metabolic profiling
Authors: Wang Shuai , Li Ke , Zhao Tong , Sun Yawei , Zeng Tao , Wu Yan , Ding Liang , Huang Xiaofeng , Celentano Antonio , Yang Xihu , Hu Qingang , Ni Yanhong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectiveDisease metabolomes have been studied for identifying diagnostic and predictive biomarkers of pathology. Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is one of the most prevalent subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, yet the profile and diagnostic value of its tissue metabolite are unclear.Subjects and MethodsTumor tissue samples and matched normal mucosal tissue samples were collected from 40 OTSCC patients. Untargeted metabolic analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry, in positive and negative ion modes, was used to identify dysregulated metabolites in OTSCC. Further, utilizing LASSO regression and receiver operating characteristic analyses, biomarker metabolites were selected and validated, and a diagnostic model was established.ResultsOne hundred and ninety metabolites were detected. The OTSCC had a total of 89 dysregulated metabolites, of which 73 were elevated. A diagnostic panel of nine metabolites was subsequently created that could accurately identify OTSCC with 100% sensitivity of 100%, 100% specificity and an AUC of 1.00.ConclusionsThis study identified distinct metabolic characteristics of OTSCC and established a diagnostic model. Our research also contributes to the investigation of the pathogenesis of OTSCC.
Stellate ganglion block to mitigate thalamic pain syndrome of an oncological origin
Authors: Wilkinson Alex J. , Yang Ajax , Chen Grant H. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThalamic pain syndrome (TPS) is an enigmatic and rare condition. Thalamic pain syndrome is under the umbrella of central pain syndrome, which is classically associated with multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, postamputation, epilepsy, stroke, tumor, and Parkinson's disease. The mainstay treatment of TPS is polypharmacy. There is uncertainty about the intermediate options to manage medication‐resistant TPS before resorting to invasive, and often expensive, intracranial therapies. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has shown promise in reducing TPS symptoms of the upper extremity and face following a thalamic ischemic event.AimsDiscuss the effect and potential utility of SGB on ipsilateral headache, facial, and upper extremity neuropathic pain due to thalamic malignancies.Materials and MethodsA review of two patient records that underwent SGB for treatment of TPS of oncologic origin.ResultsWe present two cases of the successful use of SGB for the treatment of oncologic‐related TPS for patients who had failed other conservative pharmacologic measures.DiscussionChronic pain is a complex experience that often simultaneously involves psychosocial, neuropathic, and nociceptive constituents. Among advanced cancer patients, factors such as an individual's spirituality, psychological stressors, and views on their mortality add layers of intricacy in addressing their pain. While TPS has been characterized in both stroke populations and oncologic populations, the treatment of SGB for pain relief in TPS has been limited to the stroke population. Repeated SGB worked to alleviate the ipsilateral headache, facial, and upper extremity pain in these two patients. The benefits of utilization of SGB, with the possibility of pain relief, within the thalamic malignancy population cannot be understated.ConclusionIn summary, ultrasound‐guided SGB may be considered in patients with TPS due to thalamic cancer, before pursuing more invasive intracranial surgeries to treat pain.
Outcomes of children treated for multiple Epstein–Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant tumors
Authors: Devine Kaitlin J. , Seif Alix E. , Reilly Anne F. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundAfter solid organ transplantation, children are at risk for Epstein–Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and smooth muscle tumors. Little is known about the clinical course, Epstein–Barr viral load variations, and optimal treatment for such patients. We set forth to understand the course of repeated episodes of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and smooth muscle tumors.MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients up to 21 years old with solid organ transplantation and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from January 2003 through June 30, 2020.ResultsSix patients had multiple episodes of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and smooth muscle tumors. When the second episode was discovered, only one patient was symptomatic. Histology differed from diagnosis in four patients. Treatment included viral‐specific T‐lymphocytes (2), rituximab (3), reduction in immunosuppression alone (1). Five patients had complete response, and one had stable disease, but three patients developed a subsequent tumor. Two patients developed Epstein–Barr virus‐associated smooth muscle tumors. Of these six patients, four are alive. The deaths were not related to their tumors.ConclusionsDespite a complete response to initial therapy, children are at risk for repeated episodes of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder and smooth muscle tumors. Histology and location were not typically consistent with initial diagnosis, suggesting these are second primaries rather than recurrences. Disease may be managed with individualized treatment plans but EBV‐specific T cells need further study in such tumors.