bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonpoint source pollution measures in the Clean Water Act have no detectable impact on decadal trends in nutrient concentrations in U.S. inland waters
Authors: Tomczyk Nathan , Naslund Laura , Cummins Carolyn , Bell Emily V. , Bumpers Phillip , Rosemond Amy D. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract The Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972 regulates water quality in U.S. inland waters under a system of cooperative federalism in which states are delegated implementation and enforcement authority of CWA provisions by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. We leveraged heterogeneity in state implementation of the CWA to evaluate the efficacy of its nonpoint source provisions in reducing nutrient pollution, the leading cause of water quality impairment in U.S. inland waters. We used national survey data to estimate changes in nutrient concentrations over a decade and evaluated the effect of state-level policy implementation. We found no evidence to support an effect of (i) grant spending on nonpoint source pollution remediation, (ii) nutrient criteria development, or (iii) water quality monitoring intensity on 10-year trends in nutrient concentrations. These results suggest that the current federal policy paradigm for improving water quality is not creating desired outcomes.
Racial Disparities in the Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Wisniowski Paul , Samakar Kamran 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Racial disparities in surgical outcomes have been identified in multiple fields including bariatric surgery. Obesity and metabolic co-morbidities often affect racial minorities to a greater extent than Caucasian patients; however, the impact of bariatric surgery is often dampened. The purpose of this review is to evaluate possible racial difference in bariatric surgery outcomes.

Recent Findings
Obesity is a national epidemic which disproportionately affects racial minorities. Bariatric surgery, while safe and effective, has been shown to result in variable outcomes depending on the race of the patient. Non-Hispanic Black patients often have less weight loss, lower resolution of diabetes, and a higher rate of post-operative complications. Socioeconomic status has been theorized to account for the variance seen among races; however, various studies into socioeconomic factors have yielded mixed results.

Summary
Based on current evidence there remains a racial difference in some, but not all postoperative surgical outcomes. Despite these findings, bariatric surgery remains safe and effective and patients meeting criteria for bariatric surgery should strongly consider the options. However, further investigations are needed to bridge the racial differences in bariatric outcomes.
A note on gradient estimates for p-Laplacian equations
Authors: Guarnotta Umberto , Marano Salvatore A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe aim of this short paper is to show that some assumptions in Guarnotta et al. (Adv Nonlinear Anal 11:741–756, 2022) can be relaxed and even dropped when looking for weak solutions instead of strong ones. This improvement is a consequence of two results concerning gradient terms: an $$L^\infty $$

L
∞

estimate, which exploits nonlinear potential theory, and a compactness result, based on the classical Riesz-Fréchet-Kolmogorov theorem.
Beyond Predictive Learning Analytics Modelling and onto Explainable Artificial Intelligence with Prescriptive Analytics and ChatGPT
Authors: Susnjak Teo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA significant body of recent research in the field of Learning Analytics has focused on leveraging machine learning approaches for predicting at-risk students in order to initiate timely interventions and thereby elevate retention and completion rates. The overarching feature of the majority of these research studies has been on the science of prediction only. The component of predictive analytics concerned with interpreting the internals of the models and explaining their predictions for individual cases to stakeholders has largely been neglected. Additionally, works that attempt to employ data-driven prescriptive analytics to automatically generate evidence-based remedial advice for at-risk learners are in their infancy. eXplainable AI is a field that has recently emerged providing cutting-edge tools which support transparent predictive analytics and techniques for generating tailored advice for at-risk students. This study proposes a novel framework that unifies both transparent machine learning as well as techniques for enabling prescriptive analytics, while integrating the latest advances in large language models for communicating the insights to learners. This work demonstrates a predictive modelling framework for identifying learners at risk of qualification non-completion based on a real-world dataset comprising $$\sim $$
∼
7000 learners with their outcomes, covering 2018 - 2022. The study further demonstrates how predictive modelling can be augmented with prescriptive analytics on two case studies to generate human-readable prescriptive feedback for those who are at risk using ChatGPT.
Study of energy-efficient heat resistance and cooling technology for high temperature working face with multiple heat sources in deep mine
Authors: Zhao Hongbin , Tu Shihao , Liu Xun , Ma Jieyang , Tang Long 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn the present research, we proposed a scheme to address the issues of severe heat damage, high energy consumption, low cooling system efficiency, and wastage of cold capacity in mines. To elucidate the seasonal variations of environmental temperature through field measurements, we selected a high-temperature working face in a deep mine as our engineering background. To enhance the heat damage control cability of the working face and minimize unnecessary cooling capacity loss, we introduced the multi-dimensional heat hazard prevention and control method called "Heat source barrier and cooling equipment". First, we utilize shotcrete and liquid nitrogen injection to eliminate the heat source and implemented pressure equalization ventilation to disrupt the heat transfer path, thereby creating a heat barrier. Second, we establish divisional prediction models for airflow temperature based on the variation patterns obtained through numerical simulation. Third, we devise the location and dynamic control strategy for the cooling equipment based on the prediction models. The results of field application show that the heat resistance and cooling linkage method comply with the safety requirement throughout the entire mining cycle while effectively reducing energy consumption. The ambient temperature is maintained below 30 °C, resulting in the energy saving of 10% during the high-temperature period and over 50% during the low-temperature period. These findings serve as a valuable reference for managing heat damage in high-temperature working faces.
On 7-division fields of CM elliptic curves
Authors: Alessandrì Jessica , Paladino Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLet "Equation missing" be a CM elliptic curve defined over a number field K, with Weiestrass form $$y^3=x^3+bx$$

y
3

=

x
3

+
b
x

or $$y^2=x^3+c$$

y
2

=

x
3

+
c

. For every positive integer m, we denote by "Equation missing" the m-torsion subgroup of "Equation missing" and by "Equation missing" the m-th division field, i.e. the extension of K generated by the coordinates of the points in "Equation missing". We classify all the fields $$K_7$$

K
7

. In particular we give explicit generators for $$K_7/K$$

K
7

/
K

and produce all the Galois groups $$\textrm{Gal}(K_7/K)$$

Gal
(

K
7

/
K
)

. We also show some applications to the Local–Global Divisibility Problem and to modular curves.
Applying the PERMA Framework to Young Volunteers in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Carlton Sally , Wong Jennifer H. K. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this paper, we apply the PERMA framework (Seligman, Flourish, Simon & Schuster, 2011) to the experiences of 63 young people who have volunteered in Ōtautahi Christchurch, Aotearoa New Zealand, at some point across the decade 2010–20. We seek to (1) explore the suitability of PERMA to young volunteers’ experiences of well-being, and (2) map out the relationships between the PERMA domains when the framework is applied. Our findings suggest that PERMA constitutes a suitable framework for considering the well-being of young volunteers in Aotearoa New Zealand, but also underscore the importance of context-specific conceptualisations of well-being. Our analysis reveals strong relationships between the PERMA domains, particularly emphasising the centrality of meaning to the well-being of young volunteers. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for advancing our understanding of and how to best support the well-being of young volunteers.
Passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner for hydrogen safety systems: prospects
Authors: Avdeenkov A. V. , Bessarabov D. G. , Zaryugin D. G. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper presents the concept of a passive electrochemical hydrogen recombiner (PEHR). The reaction energy of the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen is used as a source of electrical energy according to the operating principle for hydrogen fuel cells to establish forced circulation of the hydrogen mixture as an alternative to natural circulation (as is not utilized in conventional passive autocatalytic hydrogen recombiners currently used in nuclear power plants (NPPs)). The proposed concept of applying the physical operation principles of a PEHR based on a fuel cell simultaneously increases both productivity in terms of recombined hydrogen and the concentration threshold of flameless operation (the ‘ignition’ limit). Thus, it is possible to reliably ensure the hydrogen explosion safety of NPPs under all conditions, including beyond-design accidents. An experimental setup was assembled to test a laboratory sample of a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) at various hydrogen concentrations near the catalytic surfaces of the electrodes, and the corresponding current–voltage characteristics were recorded. The simplest MEA based on the Advent P1100W PBI membrane demonstrated stable performance (delivery of electrical power) over a wide range of hydrogen concentrations.
Prediction of Early Dropouts in Patient Remote Monitoring Programs
Authors: Vouzis Eleftherios , Maglogiannis Ilias 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe analysis of medical data is a significant opportunity worldwide for national health systems to reduce costs and at the same time improve healthcare. The utilization of these technologies is done in the context of monitoring health issues, counting health goals, as well as for recording medical data. In such a context, early detection of users at risk of lower compliance rates and patterns of use of a health monitoring application suggesting a risk of abandonment is an invaluable opportunity to implement tailored intervention strategies aimed at recovering and avoiding abandonment thoughts. This study aims to identify patterns of early dropout in users of an application for mobile intervention, having access to a database of users who have experienced the impact of a digital monitoring application to improve their quality of life for at least 6 months. At the experimental stage, many different approaches for early dropout prediction were implemented with a different set of features. Specifically, the current study proposes a methodology using the Neighborhood Cleaning Rule and a specific classification algorithm based on the Stacked Generalization learning method to predict the early abandonment of users of the health monitoring application. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to predict the early dropout of users from the application with an accuracy of 97.6%, making it reliable enough to be used as an early warning system.
Views on volunteering in mental health: a focus group study with mental health professionals and volunteers in Portugal
Authors: Pinto da Costa Mariana , Oliveira Jaime 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Volunteering has reported health benefits. However, little is known in Portugal about the views of mental health professionals and volunteers on volunteering in mental health care.

Methods
A qualitative secondary analysis of data from six focus groups with 28 participants was conducted in order to explore and compare the perspectives on volunteering in mental health of two stakeholders: mental health professionals and volunteers in Portugal.

Results
Four main themes arose: the nature of the volunteering relationship; volunteering has multiple aims; technology has potential for volunteering; and volunteering has its challenges. Although there were mostly commonalities between their views, some variability suggested that different stakeholders may consider different aspects of volunteering differently. Overall, stakeholders called for structured recruitment and support, training, defining boundaries and fighting the stigma of mental illness.

Conclusion
Despite the lack of volunteering tradition in mental health care in Portugal, volunteering programmes were perceived as an important resource for patients with mental illness.
Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Biomedical Interventions on Adult Hepatitis B Elimination in China: A Mathematical Modelling Study
Authors: Wang Xinran , Du Zhicheng , Wang Yijing , Wang Junren , Huang Shanshan , Wang Ying , Gu Jing , Deng Wanyu , Gilmour Stuart , Li Jinghua , Hao Yuantao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Background
China has one of the highest hepatitis B virus (HBV) disease burdens worldwide and tracking progress toward the 2030 HBV elimination targets is essential. This study aimed to assess the impact of biomedical interventions (i.e., adult vaccination, screening and treatment) on the adult HBV epidemic, estimate the time for HBV elimination, and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the interventions in China.

Methods
A deterministic compartmental model was developed to project the HBV epidemic from 2022 to 2050 and estimate the time to meet elimination targets under four intervention scenarios. Cost-effectiveness was calculated using incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, i.e., average cost-effectiveness ratio (CER).

Results
Under the status quo, there will be 42.09–45.42 million adults living with HBV in 2050 and 11.04–14.36 million HBV-related deaths cumulatively from 2022 to 2050. Universal vaccination would cumulatively avert 3.44–3.95 million new cases at a cost of US$1027–1261/QALY gained. The comprehensive strategy would cumulatively avert 4.67–5.24 million new chronic cases and 1.39–1.85 million deaths, expediting the realization of the elimination targets forward to 2049. This strategy was also cost-effective with an average CER of US$20,796–26,685/QALY and a saved healthcare cost of US$16.10–26.84 per person.

Conclusion
China is not on track to meet the elimination targets but comprehensive biomedical interventions can accelerate the realization of the targets. A comprehensive strategy is cost-effective and cost-saving, which should be promoted in primary care infrastructures. Universal adult vaccination may be appropriate in the near future considering practical feasibility.
Non-Newtonian Slippery Nanofluid Flow Due to a Stretching Sheet Through a Porous Medium with Heat Generation and Thermal Slip
Authors: Abbas W. , Megahed Ahmed M. , Ibrahim M. A. , Said Ahmed A. M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe domains of engineering, electrical, and medicine all have a significant demand for nanofluids. Applications for nanofluid flow include electronic device storage, industrial cooling and heating frameworks, and associated medicinal management information systems. Nanofluids are utilized generally as coolants in heat exchangers such as thermostats, electronic cooling systems, and radiators due to their enhanced thermal characteristics. This study aims to explain the mixed convection phenomenon’s applications on the thermal impact of Maxwell nanofluid. The mass diffusivity is supposed to be a function of concentration, whereas the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Maxwell nanofluid are assumed to be functions of temperature. It is recommended to consider the additional thermal effects of thermal slip, magnetic fields, and heat generation phenomena. The fluid flow motion was caused by the vertically stretched sheet. The dimensionless formulation of the suggested physical model is shown by the suitable variables interacting. The shooting approach is used in the numerical simulations, and it is based on lowering higher-order nonlinear differential equations to first-order. The slip velocity and the magnetic parameters have a direct impact on the local skin friction coefficient and velocity, as indicated by the research findings. Also, the increase in values of the Maxwell parameter, porous parameter, and viscosity parameter leads to the enhancement of temperature distribution, while the decline in velocity distribution can be attributed to the same factors. A comparison is also made with the results described in the literature that is currently available, and a superb agreement is discovered.
Estimation of regional anthropogenic heat from air conditioning systems and related devices in metropolitan commercial districts of Japan
Authors: Ueno Takahiro , Kumakura Eiko , Ashie Yasunobu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith the expanding urban areas and increasing elderly population in Japan, anthropogenic heat poses substantial threat to human health. Air conditioning systems contribute to the anthropogenic heat from buildings. However, information regarding the heat characteristics of these systems is inadequate. In the present study, we developed a method for estimating anthropogenic heat from air conditioning, which accounts for most of the artificial heat from buildings during summer, to include artificial anthropogenic heat from surrounding buildings in the local heat risk assessment. The estimation results for commercial areas in Japan using the developed method showed that latent heat from air conditioning is substantially higher than sensible heat, and there was a difference in heat emissions between daytime and nighttime and between weekdays and holidays. A comparison of the calculation results of our method and those of previous studies showed no major differences in the orders of magnitude. With regard to the change in the amount of air-conditioning anthropogenic heat in the region, a directly proportional relationship was found between the outdoor temperature and the amount of air-conditioning anthropogenic heat. These results are useful for assessing the summer heat risk in urban areas and developing methods to mitigate the risks posed by urban heat.
A Benefit-Cost Analysis of Increased International Migration of Skilled Labor in Africa and the World
Authors: Maskus Keith E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGreater labor migration can establish more channels for information flows, directly contributing to faster economic growth and improved innovation and work. It can also expand international remittances, which can be invested by recipient households in home countries in education, entrepreneurship, and improved and sustainable agricultural technologies. At the same time, however, increased emigration of medical professionals and technical workers from poor countries can reduce quality of local services, innovation, health status, and productivity. This analysis attempts to quantify the economic benefits and costs of permitting an immediate 10% increase in the bilateral migration of skilled workers (physicians, engineers or science, engineering, technology, and mathematics workers, and other persons with advanced educations) among the nations of the African Continental Free Trade Area and, more broadly, among 25 global regions. Economic benefits include higher migrant incomes abroad, welfare gains in destination countries associated with higher economic efficiency, spillover productivity gains, and an improved ability of the younger and more skilled working force to support the needs of the wider population, resulting in higher national production. Benefits in source countries include productivity enhancements from two sources: (a) greater access to knowledge associated with more bilateral trade and investment and (b) the ability of local households to invest remittances in productivity-enhancing activities. Welfare losses in source nations include static efficiency reductions and a worsened demographic support capability. In Africa, the benefit-cost ratios range from 3.7 to 6.9; in the global analysis, 17 to 38.
Laser chirp controlled relativistic few-cycle mid-infrared pulse generation
Authors: Li Dongao , Zhang Guobo , Zhao Jie , Hu Yanting , Lu Yu , Zhang Hao , Li Qianni , Zhang Dongze , Sha Rong , Shao Fuqiu , Sheng Zhengming , Yu Tongpu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Relativistic few-cycle mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses are unique tools for strong-field physics and ultrafast science, but are difficult to generate with traditional nonlinear optical methods. Here, we propose a scheme to generate such pulses with high efficiency via plasma-based frequency modulation with a negatively chirped laser pulse (NCLP). The NCLP is rapidly compressed longitudinally due to dispersion and plasma etching, and its central frequency is downshifted via photon deceleration due to the enhanced laser intensity and plasma density modulations. Simulation results show that few-cycle mid-IR pulses with the maximum center wavelength of

$7.9\;\unicode{x3bc} \mathrm{m}$

and pulse intensity of

${a}_{\mathrm{MIR}}=2.9$

can be generated under a proper chirp parameter. Further, the maximum energy conversion efficiency can approach 5.0%. Such a relativistic mid-IR source is promising for a wide range of applications.
Late CambrianPywackiais a cnidarian, not a bryozoan: Insights from skeletal microstructure
Authors: Hageman Steven J. , Vinn Olev 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe phylum Bryozoa had long been the only major phylum unknown from the Cambrian and by inference the Cambrian Explosion of biodiversity. When described in 2010 as a late Cambrian cryptostome bryozoan,Pywackia baileyiLanding in Landing et al., 2010 became the oldest known bryozoan (early Cambrian bryozoans have since been described). Controversy remains about the phylum-level identification ofPywackiaLanding in Landing et al., 2010—one study proposed an interpretation ofPywackiaas an octocoral. No previous studies of the skeletal microstructure ofPywackiahave employed the analysis of petrographic thin sections and high-magnification scanning electron microscopy. These two methods, with the addition of data from previous studies, are employed in this analysis of skeletal microstructure, a feature often important for higher-level taxonomic identification. Although many candidate groups were considered,Pywackia's distinctive pillar and laminae, porous skeleton like many Cnidaria, topology of the body walls, and growth of modules are consistent with a cnidarian affinity.Pywackiaskeletons with primary microstructure were 100% phosphate mineral and were collected from a setting of pervasive phosphatic replacement, which leaves uncertainty as to the original skeletal composition.Pywackiais not assigned here to a cnidarian class and likely represents an early, rare, short-lived cnidarian evolutionary group.