bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Periprocedure Trigger for Outpatient Interventional Radiology Procedures in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Bart Nina , Mull Hillary J. , Higgins Mikhail , Sturgeon Daniel , Hederstedt Kierstin , Lamkin Rebecca , Sullivan Brian , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Foster Marva 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
Interventional radiology (IR) is the newest medical specialty. However, it lacks robust quality assurance metrics, including adverse event (AE) surveillance tools. Considering the high frequency of outpatient care provided by IR, automated electronic triggers offer a potential catalyst to support accurate retrospective AE detection.

Methods
We programmed previously validated AE triggers (admission, emergency visit, or death up to 14 days after procedure) for elective, outpatient IR procedures performed in Veterans Health Administration surgical facilities between fiscal years 2017 and 2019. We then developed a text-based algorithm to detect AEs that explicitly occurred in the periprocedure time frame: before, during, and shortly after the IR procedure. Guided by the literature and clinical expertise, we generated clinical note keywords and text strings to flag cases with high potential for periprocedure AEs. Flagged cases underwent targeted chart review to measure criterion validity (i.e., the positive predictive value), to confirm AE occurrence, and to characterize the event.

Results
Among 135,285 elective outpatient IR procedures, the periprocedure algorithm flagged 245 cases (0.18%); 138 of these had ≥1 AE, yielding a positive predictive value of 56% (95% confidence interval, 50%–62%). The previously developed triggers for admission, emergency visit, or death in 14 days flagged 119 of the 138 procedures with AEs (73%). Among the 43 AEs detected exclusively by the periprocedure trigger were allergic reactions, adverse drug events, ischemic events, bleeding events requiring blood transfusions, and cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Conclusions
The periprocedure trigger performed well on IR outpatient procedures and offers a complement to other electronic triggers developed for outpatient AE surveillance.
Preventing Surgical Site Infections: Are Safety Climate Level and Its Strength Associated With Self-reported Commitment To, Subjective Norms Toward, and Knowledge About Preventive Measures?
Authors: Pfeiffer Yvonne , Atkinson Andrew , Maag Judith , Lane Michael A. , Schwappach David L. B. , Marschall Jonas 
Published: February 2023

Objectives
Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a major source of preventable patient harm. Safety climate in the operating room personnel is assumed to be an important factor, with scattered supporting evidence for the association between safety climate and infection outcome so far. This study investigated perceptions and knowledge specific to infection prevention measures and their associations with general assessments of safety climate level and strength.

Methods
We invited operating room personnel of hospitals participating in the Swiss SSI surveillance program to take a survey (response rate, 38%). A total of 2769 responses from 54 hospitals were analyzed. Two regression analyses were performed to identify associations between subjective norms toward, commitment to, as well as knowledge about prevention measures and safety climate level and strength, taking into account professional background and number of responses per hospital.

Results
Commitment to perform prevention measures even when situational pressures exist, as well as subjective norm of perceiving the expectation of others to perform prevention measures were significantly (P < 0.05) related to safety climate level, while for knowledge about preventative measures this was not the case. None of the assessed factors was significantly associated with safety climate strength.

Conclusions
While pertinent knowledge did not have a significant impact, the commitment and the social norms to maintain SSI prevention activities even in the face of other situational demands showed a strong influence on safety climate. Assessing the knowledge about measures to prevent SSIs in operating room personnel opens up opportunities for designing intervention efforts in reducing SSIs.
Preanalytical Errors in Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory and Relationship With Hospital Departments and Staff: A Record-Based Study
Authors: Dundar Cihad , Bahadir Ozkan 
Published: February 2023

Objective
Despite many efforts to improve the overall quality of clinical laboratory service, errors that compromise patient safety and increase healthcare costs continue to occur even infrequently. We aimed to determine the causes of preanalytical errors and related factors by evaluating the laboratory records of a tertiary hospital.

Methods
In this retrospective study, 7,762,981 requests that were registered in the biochemistry laboratory records of Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Practice and Research Center during 2019 were examined. All rejected samples were analyzed according to the department where they were collected and the reasons for rejection.

Results
Of the total sample rejections, 99,561 (74.8%) were preanalytical and 33,474 (25.2%) belonged to the analytical phase. The preanalytical rejection rate was 1.28%, with the highest rejection rate in the inpatients (2.26%) and the lowest in the outpatients (0.02%). Insufficient sample (43.7%), clotted sample (35.1%), and inappropriate sample (11.1%) were the first 3 rows of rejection reasons. It was determined that sample rejection rates were low during routine working hours and high during nonworking hours.

Conclusions
Preanalytical errors were most common in inpatient wards and were most likely due to incorrect phlebotomy techniques. Education of health personnel on good laboratory practices, systematic monitoring of errors, and the development of quality indicators will play an important role in reducing the vulnerability of the preanalytical phase.
Clinical evidence supporting ceftaroline fosamil and ceftobiprole for complicated skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Leventogiannis Konstantinos , Mouktaroudi Maria , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are advanced generation cephalosporins with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This review summarizes their clinical efficacy for complicated skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs).

Recent findings
Both these agents retain excellent in vitro activity against both MRSA and Gram-negative isolates from patients with CSSTIs. Both these agents are registered for the management of cSSTIs based on the results of large scale phase III noninferiority trials. Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole are noninferior to the combination of vancomycin and aztreonam as this was assessed by their clinical cure rate at the test-of-cure visits. Furthermore, ceftobiprole is noninferior to comparators for the achievement of early clinical success at 72 h. Ceftaroline achieves 81% clinical cure against diabetic foot infections.

Summary
Ceftaroline and ceftobiprole can be used as monotherapy for the treatment of cSSTIs.
How to manage skin and soft-tissue infections in the emergency department
Authors: Bouza Emilio , Burillo Almudena , Muñoz Patricia 
Published: February 2023

Purpose of review
Our purpose is to review the state-of-the-art on the management of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in emergency departments (ED).
Although the information is scarce, SSTI may account for 3–30% of all cases presenting to an ED, of which 25–40% require hospital admission.
SSTI include very different entities in aetiology, location, pathogenesis, extension, and severity. Therefore, no single management can be applied to them all. A simple approach is to classify them as non-purulent, purulent, and necrotising, to which a severity scale based on their systemic repercussions (mild, moderate, and severe) must be added.
The initial approach to many SSTIs often requires no other means than anamnesis and physical examination, but imaging tests are an indispensable complement in many other circumstances (ultrasound, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging…). In our opinion, an attempt at etiological filiation should be made in severe cases or where there is suspicion of a causality other than the usual one, with tests based not only on cultures of the local lesion but also molecular tests and blood cultures.

Recent findings
Recent contributions of interest include the value of bedside ultrasound and the potential usefulness of biomarkers such as thrombomodulin to differentiate in early stages the presence of necrotising lesions not yet explicit.
New antimicrobials will allow the treatment of many of these infections, including severe ones, with oral drugs with good bioavailability and for shorter periods.

Summary
The ED has an essential role in managing SSTIs, in their classification, in decisions on when and where to administer antimicrobial treatment, and in the rapid convening of multidisciplinary teams that can deal with the most complex situations.
Integrative polygenic risk score improves the prediction accuracy of complex traits and diseases
Authors: Truong Buu , Hull Leland E. , Ruan Yunfeng , Huang Qin Qin , Hornsby Whitney , Martin Hilary , van Heel David A. , Wang Ying , Martin Alicia R. , Lee S. Hong , Natarajan Pradeep 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTPolygenic risk scores (PRS) are an emerging tool to predict the clinical phenotypes and outcomes of individuals. Validation and transferability of existing PRS across independent datasets and diverse ancestries are limited, which hinders the practical utility and exacerbates health disparities. We propose PRSmix, a framework that evaluates and leverages the PRS corpus of a target trait to improve prediction accuracy, and PRSmix+, which incorporates genetically correlated traits to better capture the human genetic architecture. We applied PRSmix to 47 and 32 diseases/traits in European and South Asian ancestries, respectively. PRSmix demonstrated a mean prediction accuracy improvement of 1.20-fold (95% CI: [1.10; 1.3]; P-value = 9.17 × 10−5) and 1.19-fold (95% CI: [1.11; 1.27]; P-value = 1.92 × 10−6), and PRSmix+ improved the prediction accuracy by 1.72-fold (95% CI: [1.40; 2.04]; P-value = 7.58 × 10−6) and 1.42-fold (95% CI: [1.25; 1.59]; P-value = 8.01 × 10−7) in European and South Asian ancestries, respectively. Compared to the previously established cross-trait-combination method with scores from pre-defined correlated traits, we demonstrated that our method can improve prediction accuracy for coronary artery disease up to 3.27-fold (95% CI: [2.1; 4.44]; P-value after FDR correction = 2.6 × 10−4). Our method provides a comprehensive framework to benchmark and leverage the combined power of PRS for maximal performance in a desired target population.
Baseline Clinical, Hormonal and Molecular Markers Associated with Clinical Response to IL-23 Antagonism in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Flora A , Kozera EK , Jepsen R , Gill K , Xu J , Frew JW 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundHidradenitis Suppurativa is a complex inflammatory disease in which predicting therapeutic response remains challenging. IL-23 interacts with sex hormones but the relationships between the two in HS remains uninvestigated.ObjectivesTo assess whether baseline clinical, hormonal, or molecular markers are associated with clinical response to IL-23 antagonism with Risankizumab in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.Methods26 individuals with Hurley Stage 2/3 disease were administered Risankizumab 150mg Week 0,4,12. Baseline sex hormones and skin biopsies were taken. Clinical response at Week 16 assessed by the HiSCR, and differences between responders and non-responders assessed.Results18 of 26 participants achieved HiSCR50 at week 16 (69.2%). Clinical response to IL-23 antagonism was associated with male gender, elevated total serum testosterone, and decreased levels of FSH. Stratification by clinical responders/non responders identified differentially expressed genes includingPLPP4andMAPK10. Immunohistochemistry identified elevated numbers of CD11c, IL-17A and IL-17F positive cells compared to non-responders. CD11c+ cells significantly correlated with serum levels of total testosterone and inversely correlated with serum FSH.ConclusionsClinical response to IL-23 antagonism in HS is associated with serum sex hormones, Th17 polarized inflammation in lesional tissue and CD11c+ cells. These potential therapeutic biomarkers require further validation in larger cohorts but may suggest potential targeted HS therapy.
Comparing human and artificial intelligence in writing for health journals: an exploratory study
Authors: Haq Zaeem ul , Naeem Huzaifa , Naeem Ayesha , Iqbal Faisal , Zaeem Durayya 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTAim and objectivesThe aim was to contribute to the editorial principles on the possible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)- based tools for scientific writing.The objectives includedEnlist the inclusion and exclusion criteria to test ChatGPT use in scientific writingDevelop evaluation criteria to assess the quality of articles written by human authors and ChatGPTCompare prospectively written manuscripts by human authors and ChatGPTDesignProspective exploratory studyInterventionHuman authors and ChatGPT were asked to write short journal articles on three topics: 1) Promotion of early childhood development in Pakistan 2) Interventions to improve gender-responsive health services in low-and-middle-income countries, and 3) The pitfalls in risk communication for COVID-19. We content analyzed the articles using an evaluation matrix.Outcome measuresThe completeness, credibility, and scientific content of an article. Completeness meant that structure (IMRaD) and organization was maintained. Credibility required that others work is duly cited, with an accurate bibliography. Scientific content required specificity, data accuracy, cohesion, inclusivity, confidentiality, limitations, readability, and time efficiency.ResultsThe articles by human authors scored better than ChatGPT in completeness and credibility. Similarly, human-written articles scored better for most of the items in scientific content except for time efficiency where ChatGPT scored better. The methods section was absent in ChatGPT articles, and a majority of references in its bibliography were unverifiable.ConclusionsChatGPT generates content that is believable but may not be true. The creators of this powerful model must step up and provide solutions to manage its glitches and potential misuse. In parallel, the academic departments, editors, and publishers must expect a growing utilization of ChatGPT and similar tools. Disallowing ChatGPT as a co-author may not be enough on their part. They must adapt the editorial policies, use measures to detect AI-based writing, and stop its likely implications for human health and life.STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONSFirst study that examines the scientific writing of ChatGPT by comparing it with human-written articles.Explains how ChatGPT generates believable content that may not be true.Indicates that the creators of ChatGPT must step up to address its misuse and potential hazards.An initial exploration, based on limited data—larger studies are needed for generalizable conclusions.
IFT74variants cause skeletal ciliopathy and motile cilia defects in mice and humans
Authors: Bakey Zeineb , Cabrera Oscar A. , Hoefele Julia , Antony Dinu , Wu Kaman , Stuck Michael W. , Micha Dimitra , Eguether Thibaut , Smith Abigail O. , van der Wel Nicole N. , Wagner Matias , Strittmatter Lara , Beales Philip L. , Jonassen Julie A. , Thiffault Isabelle , Cadieux-Dion Maxime , Boyes Laura , Sharif Saba , Tüysüz Beyhan , Dunstheimer Desiree , Niessen Hans W.M. , Devine William , Lo Cecilia W , Mitchison Hannah M. , Schmidts Miriam , Pazour Gregory J. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMotile and non-motile cilia are critical to mammalian development and health. Assembly of these organelles depends on proteins synthesized in the cell body and transported into the cilium by intraflagellar transport (IFT). A series of human and mouseIFT74variants were studied to understand the function of this IFT subunit. Humans missing exon 2, which codes for the first 40 residues, presented an unusual combination of ciliary chondrodysplasia and mucociliary clearance disorders while individuals carrying biallelic splice site variants developed a lethal skeletal chondrodysplasia. In mice, variants thought to remove all Ift74 function, completely block ciliary assembly and result in midgestational lethality. A mouse allele that removes the first 40 amino acids, analogous to the human exon 2 deletion, results in a motile cilia phenotype with mild skeletal abnormalities.In vitrostudies suggest that the first 40 amino acids of IFT74 are dispensable for binding of other IFT subunits but are important for tubulin binding. Higher demands on tubulin transport in motile cilia compared to primary cilia could account for the motile cilia phenotype observed in human and mice.
Next-generation sequencing of pancreatic cyst wall specimens obtained using Moray micro-forceps for improving diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Astbury Stuart , Baskar Aishwarya , Grove Jane I , Kaye Philip , Aravinthan Aloysious D , James Martin W , Clarke Christopher , Aithal Guruprasad P , Venkatachalapathy Suresh Vasan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground and study aimsPancreatic cysts are common incidental findings, with an estimated prevalence of 13-15% in imaging done for other reasons. It is difficult to identify cysts with malignant potential. Diagnosis often relies on collection of cyst fluid, but tissue sampling using micro-forceps may allow for a more reliable diagnosis and higher yield of DNA for next-generation sequencing (NGS).Patients and methods24 patients referred for endoscopic ultrasound were recruited. Biopsies were taken using micro-forceps and the AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot panel was used for NGS, a PCR assay targeting several hotspots within 50 genes, including GNAS, KRAS and VHL.ResultsThe concentration of DNA extracted from 24 cyst wall samples was significantly higher than in the 9/24 available matched cyst fluid samples. Cyst wall biopsy was able to diagnose 19/24 cysts (5 high risk, 6 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and 4 benign). The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy for standard of care was 66.6%, 50% and 63.1% respectively and for standard of care with NGS was 100%, 50% and 89.4% respectively.ConclusionsCyst wall biopsy performs well in diagnosing cysts but was inadequate in 5/24 patients. NGS data correlates well with histology and may aid in diagnosis and risk stratification of pancreatic cysts.
Caregivers and Coping: Well-being and coping styles among caregivers of young adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Singer Hannah , Clarke Elaine , Schiltz Hillary , Lord Catherine 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLittle research examines well-being in caregivers of individuals with developmental disabilities (DDs) during their child’s adulthood. Drawing from a longitudinal cohort of caregivers of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other DDs (n= 134), this study examined change in caregiver well-being over ten years (young adults ages 18-28) and predictors of well-being, such as coping. Lower caregiver education and high young adult externalizing symptoms were related to lower caregiver well-being. Notably, caregiver coping style predicted degree of change in well-being over time. Effects of coping were moderated by demographic (i.e., parental education) and young adult characteristics (i.e., externalizing symptoms). In line with strengths-based approaches, these results illustrate the importance of coping styles in promoting caregiver well-being.
A leptin-responsive hypothalamic circuit inputs to the circadian feeding network
Authors: Tang Qijun , Godschall Elizabeth , Brennan Charles D. , Zhang Qi , Abraham-Fan Ruei-Jen , Williams Sydney P. , Güngül Taha Buğra , Onoharigho Roberta , Buyukaksakal Aleyna , Salinas Ricardo , Olivieri Joey J. , Deppmann Christopher D. , Campbell John N. , Podyma Brandon , Güler Ali D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSalient cues, such as the rising sun or the availability of food, play a crucial role in entraining biological clocks, allowing for effective behavioral adaptation and ultimately, survival. While the light-dependent entrainment of the central circadian pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN) is relatively well defined, the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying entrainment associated with food availability remains elusive. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing during scheduled feeding (SF), we identified a leptin receptor (LepR) expressing neuron population in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) that upregulates circadian entrainment genes and exhibits rhythmic calcium activity prior to an anticipated meal. We found that disrupting DMHLepRneuron activity had a profound impact on both molecular and behavioral food entrainment. Specifically, silencing DMHLepRneurons, mis-timed exogenous leptin administration, or mis-timed chemogenetic stimulation of these neurons all interfered with the development of food entrainment. In a state of energy abundance, repetitive activation of DMHLepRneurons led to the partitioning of a secondary bout of circadian locomotor activity that was in phase with the stimulation and dependent on an intact SCN. Lastly, we discovered that a subpopulation of DMHLepRneurons project to the SCN with the capacity to influence the phase of the circadian clock. This leptin regulated circuit serves as a point of integration between the metabolic and circadian systems, facilitating the anticipation of meal times.
Outer hair cell receptor potentials reveal a local resonance in the mammalian cochlea
Authors: Lukashkin Andrei N , Russell Ian J , Rybdylova Oyuna 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYSensory hair cells, including the sensorimotor outer hair cells, which enable the sensitive, sharply tuned responses of the mammalian cochlea, are excited by radial shear between the organ of Corti and the overlying tectorial membrane. It is not currently possible to measure directlyin vivomechanical responses in the narrow cleft between the tectorial membrane and organ of Corti over a wide range of stimulus frequencies and intensities. The mechanical responses can, however, be derived by measuring hair cell receptor potentials. We demonstrate that the seemingly complex frequency and intensity dependent behaviour of outer hair cell receptor potentials could be qualitatively explained by a two-degrees of freedom system with a local cochlear partition and tectorial membrane resonances strongly coupled by the outer hair cell stereocilia. A local minimum in the receptor potential below the characteristic frequency is always observed at the tectorial membrane resonance frequency which, however, might shift with stimulus intensity.