bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Strategies for Increasing the Uptake of Modern Methods of Family Planning in South Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Memon Zahid Ali , . Tahmeena , Fazal Syed Aleena , Reale Sophie , Spencer Rachael , Bhutta Zulfiqar Ahmed , Soltani Hora 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Family planning (FP) interventions have improved the use of modern contraceptives, yet a high unmet need for contraception still exists in South Asia. This systematic review of existing research was conducted to identify effective FP interventions that led to an increase in the uptake of modern methods of contraception in South Asia.Methods Five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 2000 and May 2021. Experimental studies which reported data on the impact of FP interventions on modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in the South Asian region were included. A random-effects Inverse Variance weighted model was employed to pool the adjusted odds ratio (OR) on modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception. In addition, we computed subgroup meta-estimates based on intervention type and the urban-rural divide.Results Among 513 studies identified, 21 met the inclusion criteria. The overall pooled odds ratio for modern contraceptive use was significantly higher (OR 1.51; 95% CI 1.35–1.70; heterogeneity; I2 = 81%) for FP interventions with a significant reduction in unmet need for contraception (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.78–0.94, I2 = 50%). The subgroup analysis revealed demand-generation (OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.32–1.96), health system integrated (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.07–2.20), and franchised FP clinic interventions (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.21–1.44) had promoted the modern contraceptive uptake. Further, FP interventions implemented in urban settings showed a higher increase in modern contraceptive use (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.44–2.07) compared to rural settings (OR 1.46; 95% CI 1.28–1.66). Given the considerable heterogeneity observed across studies and low degree of certainty indicated by GRADE summary for the primary outcome, caution is advised when interpreting the results.Conclusion The review collated experimentally evaluated FP interventions that increased modern contraception use and reduced the unmet need in South Asia. The demand generation interventions were found to be the most effective interventions in increasing the uptake of modern contraceptive methods. Furthermore, the urban environment provides a conducive environment for interventions to improve contraceptive usage. However, further studies should assess which aspects were most effective on attitudes towards contraception, selection of more effective methods, and contraceptive behaviors.
BH3 mimetics and azacitidine show synergistic effects on juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Erlacher Miriam , Wu Ying , Zehnle Patricia , Koleci Naile , Andrieux Geoffroy , Villar Lorena Gallego , Rajak Jovana , Aumann Konrad , Boerries Melanie , Niemeyer Charlotte , Bohler Sheila , Flotho Christian 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive hematopoietic disorder of infancy and early childhood driven by constitutively active RAS signaling and characterized by abnormal proliferation of the granulocytic-monocytic blood cell lineage. Most JMML patients require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for cure, but the risk of relapse is high for some JMML subtypes. Azacitidine was shown to effectively reduce both leukemic burden and risk of relapse. However, variable response rates to azacitidine and the risk of drug resistance highlight the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Since RAS signaling is known to interfere with the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, we combined various BH3-mimetic drugs with azacitidine in our previously established patient-derived xenograft model. We demonstrate that JMML cells require both MCL-1 and BCL-XL for survival, and that these proteins can be effectively targeted by azacitidine and BH3-mimetic combination treatment. In vivo azacitidine acts via downregulation of antiapoptotic MCL-1 but also promotes the differentiation of JMML cells towards mature myeloid cells. The combination of azacitidine with BCL-XL inhibition was superior to BCL-2 inhibition in eliminating JMML cells. Our findings emphasize the need to develop clinically applicable MCL-1 or BCL-XL inhibitors in order to enable novel combination therapies in JMML refractory to standard therapy.
Outbreak Prediction in Swine Populations with Machine Learning
Authors: Halev Avishai , Martínez-López Beatriz , Clavijo Maria , Gonzalez-Crespo Carlos , Kim Jeonghoon , Huang Chao , Robbins Rebecca , Liu Xin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The pork industry is an essential part of the global food system, providing a significant source of protein for people around the world. A major factor restraining productivity in the pork industry is disease outbreaks in pigs throughout the production process: widespread outbreaks can lead to losses as high as 10% of the U.S. pig population in extreme years. In this study, we present a model to predict the emergence of outbreaks of swine farms throughout the production process. We capture direct contact, spatio-temporal and historical predictors, each represented through a set of features, and then train and evaluate machine learning algorithms on our extracted feature sets. We perform a feature selection to determine the smallest subset of features that provides good performance and use the results to interpret the most valuable features and produce the most generalizable model to address issues caused by the curse of dimensionality. Finally, we evaluate the model's ability to predict outbreaks in both the near and distant future, which allows for advance warning of disease outbreak. We evaluate our model on two swine production systems; our results demonstrate good ability to predict outbreaks in both systems with a balanced accuracy of 0.798 on any disease in the first system and balanced accuracies of 0.638, 0.709, and 0.701 on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the second system, respectively.
Gas stripping-assisted vapour permeation using graphene oxide membrane-coated silicon carbide tube for effectively recovering ethanol from its diluted aqueous solution
Authors: Carrio Juan A. G. , Talluri VSSL Prasad , Toolahalli T. Swamy , Echeverrigaray Sergio G. , Neto Antonio H. C. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The conventional methods for ethanol recovery in low concentrations from diluted aqueous solutions are limited by the high energy consumed. Therefore, developing a cost-effective advanced membrane process for ethanol recovery and concentration is still necessary. A gas stripping-assisted vapour permeation (GSVP) process was applied to concentrate ethanol by the selective removal of water using hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) membranes. Silicon carbide porous tubes were internally coated with GO-based membranes with an average thickness of 1.1 µm as a selective layer. Dry N2 was bubbled into the feed solution, carrying the saturated vapours to the separation module. The modified GSVP process was implemented to recover ethanol at lower temperatures than direct distillation and close-ended GSVP processes. The performance of the membrane-coated tubes was evaluated as a function of temperature and feed concentration, ranging from 23°C to 60°C and 10 wt% to 50 wt%. Distillates with 67 wt% and 87 wt% were obtained from feeds with 10 and 50 wt% ethanol at 50°C, respectively. The evaporation energy spent by the modified GSVP process using GO-coated SiC tubes was 22% and 31% lower than the traditional distillation and vapour stripping processes.
Associations of neighborhood social vulnerability with emergency department visits and readmissions among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Nelin Timothy , Yang Nancy , Radack Joshua , Lorch Scott , DeMauro Sara , Bamat Nicolas , Jensen Erik , Gibbs Kathleen , Just Allan , Burris Heather 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Objectives
To characterize associations of the CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) with medically attended acute respiratory illness among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Study Design:
Retrospective cohort of 378 preterm infants with BPD from a single center. Multivariable logistic regression quantified associations of SVI with medically attended acute respiratory illness, defined as emergency department (ED) visits or hospital readmissions within a year after first hospital discharge. Mediation analysis quantified the extent to which differences in SVI may explain known Black-White disparities in medically attended acute respiratory illness.
Results
SVI was associated with medically attended respiratory illness (per SVI standard deviation increment, aOR 1.44, 95%CI: 1.17–1.78). Adjustment for race/ethnicity attenuated the association (aOR 1.27, 95%CI: 0.97–1.64). SVI significantly mediated 31% of the Black-White disparity in ED visits (p = 0.04).
Conclusions
SVI was associated with, and may partially explain racial disparities in, medically attended acute respiratory illness among preterm infants with BPD.
Early PSA Decline after Starting Second-Generation Hormone Therapy in the Post-Docetaxel Setting Predicts Cancer-Specific Survival in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed , Lee Matthew , Mahmoud Ahmed , Joshi Vidhu , Gopalakrishna Ajay , Bole Raevti , Haloi Rimki , Kendi Ayse , Bold Michael , Bryce Alan , Karnes R Jeffrey , Kwon Eugene , Childs Daniel , Andrews Jack 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of early PSA decline following initiation of second-generation hormone therapy (2nd HT), namely abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide, in patients with taxane-refractory metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and evaluate utility of this metric in informing intensified surveillance/imaging protocols.
Methods
We retrospectively identified 75 mCRPC patients treated with 2nd HT following docetaxel failure (defined as PSA rise and radiographic progression). Patients were categorized patients into two cohorts based on the first PSA within 3 months after initiation of therapy: PSA reduction ≥ 50% (Group A) and PSA reduction < 50% (Group B). The primary endpoint was cancer-specific mortality (CSM). The secondary endpoint was radiographic disease progression (rDP) on 2nd HT. In univariate and multivariate analyses, we investigated factors associated with rPD and CSM.
Results
We included 75 patients (52 in Group A, 23 in Group B) in the analytic cohort. Baseline clinico-demographic characteristics, including median age, primary Gleason score risk group, median pre-treatment PSA, disease burden, site of metastases, and pre-treatment ECOG score were not statistically different between the two groups. Median follow up time was 30 months and the median time to radiographic disease progression was 28.1 and 12.5 months (p = 0.002) in cohorts A and B, respectively. On univariate and multivariate analyses, both PSA reduction ≥ 50% and volume of metastatic disease were significantly associated with a decreased risk of radiographic disease progression (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.21–0.80, p = 0.0113) as well as a decreased risk of cancer-specific mortality (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.87, p = 0.0325).
Conclusion
PSA reduction ≥ 50% within 3 months of starting 2nd HT was associated with significantly improved radiographic disease progression-free survival and 3-year cancer-specific mortality. This suggests using PSA 50%-decline metric in surveillance patients with on 2nd HT and identifies patients who require further evaluation with imaging.
Clinical efficacy of hyperextension bicondylar tibial plateau fractures fixed by medial and lateral dual plates and spinal cage
Authors: Xu Yibo , Lu Yao , Huang Qiang , Ren Cheng , Li Ming , Zhao Guolong , Wang Qian , Bai Huanan , Du Bing , Ma Teng , Li Zhong , Zhang Kun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical efficacy of medial and lateral dual plates with spinal cage for the treatment of hyperextension bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 patients with hyperextension bicondylar tibial plateau fractures who were surgically treated at the Lower Limb Surgery Ward of Traumatic Orthopedic Department, Xi’an Honghui Hospital from January 2020 to January 2022. The gender, age, cause of injury, associated injury, the preoperative and postoperative posterior tibial slope angle (pTSA), duration between injury and operation, surgical duration, intraoperative blood loss, complications, time of bone healing, time of weight bearing, Rasmussen radiological criteria and HSS scores were collected and analyzed.Results We analyzed 12 patients (9 males and 3 females, aged ranging from 27 to 66 years with mean age of 46.0 ± 12.3 years) with Schatzker type VI fractures. The patients were successfully followed up for an average of 12.50 ± 3.37 months (8 to 18 months). The postoperative pTSA was significantly improved related to the preoperative pTSA (P < 0.001). The average duration between injury and operation was 6.08 ± 2.78 days, the average surgical duration was 131.67 ± 32.71 min, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 320.83 ± 113.73ml. Furthermore, the average time of bone healing was 13.58 ± 2.57 weeks and the average time of weight-bearing was 8.33 ± 2.93 weeks. In addition, 33.33% of postoperative complications was observed in 1 case of superficial wound infection and dehiscence, 1 case of delayed union combined with limited range of motion of the knee joint and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis. The excellent and good rates of Rasmussen radiological criteria and HSS scores were 83.33% and 91.67% respectively.Conclusion Fracture reduction and fixation by medial and lateral dual plates and spinal cage is an effective method for the treatment of hyperextension bicondylar tibial plateau fractures, which showed advantages such as favorable bone healing time, weight bearing time, radiographic and clinical functional outcomes.
Highly efficient endosperm and pericarp protoplast preparation system for transient transformation of endosperm-related genes in wheat
Authors: Han Shichen , Qu Ge , Li Xiaohui , Zhang Feixiong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Plant protoplasts constitute a versatile system for transient gene expression and have frequently been used in high-throughput to screen and identify functional characterization of plant genes. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops for our daily life. Endosperm-trait related genes are associated with grain yield or quality in wheat. However, very few studies have explored on the use of protoplasts isolated from endosperm and pericarp tissue of developing grain. In this study, endosperm tissues of developing wheat grains at 8 DPA (days post-anthesis) were collected. It was shown that, after being digested with the enzymolysis solution containing 13% mannitol for 2 h, total 1.1×105 of intact protoplasts containing 80% vital individuals were isolated from 0.6 g samples. Pericarp protoplasts were successfully purified from wheat grains at 4 DPA using the optimized method. To identify the activity of the protoplasts, transcription factor TaABI5 and amyloplast protein TaSSIIIa were transfected to the protoplasts, and they were successfully localized in the nucleus and the surface of starch granule, respectively. It is an effective and reproductive method for endosperm and pericarp protoplast isolation and of great importance to further investigate gene’s functions and regulations related to endosperm development and differentiation in plants.
Rural health dialogue for the sustainability of help-seeking behaviors among older patients: Grounded theory approach
Authors: Ohta Ryuichi , Sano Chiaki 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background Help-seeking behaviors (HSBs) are essential for disease prevention and health promotion. Dialogues with peers and medical professionals can improve HSBs, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Rural communities lacking healthcare resources require effective HSBs for healthcare sustainability. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of health dialogues between medical professionals and rural citizens on their HSBs.Methods All procedures complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The Unnan City Hospital Clinical Ethics Committee approved the study protocol (No. 20220002). A grounded theory approach was employed for the health dialogue participants in rural communities. Health dialogues with family physicians were conducted once a month at rural community centers. The dialogues and focus group interviews were recorded and coded to investigate changes in participants’ perceptions and behaviors regarding HSBs.Results Twenty-one dialogues were conducted in two rural community centers, with a total of 112 participants. The average age of the participants was 70.2 years (standard deviation = 5.4), with 24% being males. Analysis of the grounded theory approach revealed four themes, namely joy-driven dialogue driving the realization of HSBs, reflection on personal HSBs through learning from others, revising HSBs based on rural social resources, and familiarity with physicians, hence motivating safe and secure HSBs.Conclusions Mitigation of barriers between citizens and medical professionals and improvement of psychological safety in communities can drive effective HSBs in rural communities.
Old and new anthropometric indices in relation to blood pressure among the elderly: Birjand longitudinal aging study
Authors: Pakmehr Azin , Hezaveh Zohreh Sajadi , Fakhrzadeh Hossein , Moodi Mitra , Khorashadizadeh Masoumeh , Marvasti Fateme Ettehad , Taghavi MinaSadat , Ejtahed Hanieh-Sadat , Sharifi Farshad 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate whether or not anthropometric indices are associated with hypertension in a sample of Iranian older adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study used the data from the first wave of Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study (BLAS) (n=1364). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed as the old anthropometric indices, and body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI) were assessed as new body composition indices. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) were measured and used to assess hypertension (HTN). Analyses were conducted using binary logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) analysis.
Results: Prevalence of obesity was the highest based on BMI (59%). The best predictor of HTN were WC and BMI (AUC= 0.6 and 0.62). Before and after adjusting for confounders, high BMI and high WC had the strongest direct association with the presence of HTN, high SBP and high DBP in total population and in men and women separately. In women, BRI was significantly associated with DBP (OR: 1.60, 95%CI: 1.01; 2.52, P= 0.04. ABSI was not associated with blood pressure (P> 0.05).
Conclusions: The result of this study showed that old obesity indices are better predictors of HTN and BMI and WC are more strongly associated with HTN than the new indices. BRI is only associated with DBP in women.
Caregivers’ burden in Parkinson’s Disease: a study on related features and attachment styles
Authors: Carpinelli Luna , Savarese Giulia , Russo Claudio , Stornaiuolo Giovanna , Luisi Ettore , Pellegrino Francesca , Mollo Monica , Pellecchia Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurological disease clinically characterized bymotor and non-motor symptoms, with an increasing impact on quality of life not only for the patient, but also for the caregivers.
Methods: Twenty-six primary caregivers (female= n°19; mean age= 57.04, SD= 10.64) of PD patients were consecutively recruited. Several psychological aspects were verified through clinical screening tests: EQ-5D and PQoL CARER for quality of life, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS), Caregiver Burden Inventory(CBI), Family Strain Questionnaire(FSQ), Adult Attachment Questionnaire.
Results: We found that the burden was generally higher in cohabiting female caregivers of patients with dementia as compared with not cohabiting caregivers. Severe burden emerged in 7.7% of the participants according to the PQoL. The mean score of this scale was higher in cohabiting caregivers. Finally, according to the CBI, 19.2% of the participants suffered from severe burden, with mean scores of the CIB-S and CIB-E subscales higher in cohabitants.
Conclusions: Our study highlights the need to investigate more thoroughly the burden of caregivers of PD patients and its associated factors, and to pay more attention to the physical and psychological health of caregivers to improve their quality of life.
Hybrid image encryption using advanced Least Significant Bit Algorithm, Chaotic Maps and DNA Encoding for Digital Healthcare
Authors: B Selvakumar , S Sheron , T Smitha Rajini 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Security and privacy are major concerns in this modern world. Medical documentation of patient data needs to be transmitted between hospitals for medical experts opinions on critical cases and sharing among chains of hospitals to make the patient’s data available which may cause delay and threats to the data. Nowadays most of the hospitals use electronic methods to store and transmit data with basic security measures, but these methods are still vulnerable. There is no perfect solution that solves all the problems in any industry, especially healthcare. So, to cope with the arising need to increase the security of the data from being identified and manipulated the proposed method uses a hybrid image encryption technique to hide the data in an image so it becomes difficult to sense the presence of data in the image while transmission. It combines Least Significant Bit Algorithm using Arithmetic Division Operation along with Canny edge detection algorithm to embed the patient data in medical images. The image is subsequently encrypted using keys of six different chaotic maps sequentially using XOR operation to improve reliability by preventing intrusion. The encrypted image is further converted into DNA sequence using DNA encoding rule and compressed using Bz2 algorithm.