bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune correlates analysis of the PREVENT-19 COVID-19 vaccine efficacy clinical trial
Authors: Fong Youyi , Huang Yunda , Benkeser David , Carpp Lindsay N. , Áñez Germán , Woo Wayne , McGarry Alice , Dunkle Lisa M. , Cho Iksung , Houchens Christopher R. , Martins Karen , Jayashankar Lakshmi , Castellino Flora , Petropoulos Christos J. , Leith Andrew , Haugaard Deanne , Webb Bill , Lu Yiwen , Yu Chenchen , Borate Bhavesh , van der Laan Lars W. P. , Hejazi Nima S. , Randhawa April K. , Andrasik Michele P. , Kublin James G. , Hutter Julia , Keshtkar-Jahromi Maryam , Beresnev Tatiana H. , Corey Lawrence , Neuzil Kathleen M. , Follmann Dean , Ake Julie A. , Gay Cynthia L. , Kotloff Karen L. , Koup Richard A. , Donis Ruben O. , Gilbert Peter B. ,   Immune Assays Team,   Coronavirus Vaccine Prevention Network (CoVPN)/2019nCoV-301 Principal Investigators and Study Team,   United States Government (USG)/CoVPN Biostatistics Team
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn the PREVENT-19 phase 3 trial of the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine (NCT04611802), anti-spike binding IgG concentration (spike IgG), anti-RBD binding IgG concentration (RBD IgG), and pseudovirus 50% neutralizing antibody titer (nAb ID50) measured two weeks post-dose two are assessed as correlates of risk and as correlates of protection against COVID-19. Analyses are conducted in the U.S. cohort of baseline SARS-CoV-2 negative per-protocol participants using a case-cohort design that measures the markers from all 12 vaccine recipient breakthrough COVID-19 cases starting 7 days post antibody measurement and from 639 vaccine recipient non-cases. All markers are inversely associated with COVID-19 risk and directly associated with vaccine efficacy. In vaccine recipients with nAb ID50 titers of 50, 100, and 7230 international units (IU50)/ml, vaccine efficacy estimates are 75.7% (49.8%, 93.2%), 81.7% (66.3%, 93.2%), and 96.8% (88.3%, 99.3%). The results support potential cross-vaccine platform applications of these markers for guiding decisions about vaccine approval and use.
Interphase chromosomes of the Aedes aegypti mosquito are liquid crystalline and can sense mechanical cues
Authors: Contessoto Vinícius G. , Dudchenko Olga , Aiden Erez Lieberman , Wolynes Peter G. , Onuchic José N. , Di Pierro Michele 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe use data-driven physical simulations to study the three-dimensional architecture of the Aedes aegypti genome. Hi-C maps exhibit both a broad diagonal and compartmentalization with telomeres and centromeres clustering together. Physical modeling reveals that these observations correspond to an ensemble of 3D chromosomal structures that are folded over and partially condensed. Clustering of the centromeres and telomeres near the nuclear lamina appears to be a necessary condition for the formation of the observed structures. Further analysis of the mechanical properties of the genome reveals that the chromosomes of Aedes aegypti, by virtue of their atypical structural organization, are highly sensitive to the deformation of the nuclei. This last finding provides a possible physical mechanism linking mechanical cues to gene regulation.
Epistasis lowers the genetic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody escape
Authors: Witte Leander , Baharani Viren A. , Schmidt Fabian , Wang Zijun , Cho Alice , Raspe Raphael , Guzman-Cardozo Camila , Muecksch Frauke , Canis Marie , Park Debby J. , Gaebler Christian , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Hatziioannou Theodora , Bieniasz Paul D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWaves of SARS-CoV-2 infection have resulted from the emergence of viral variants with neutralizing antibody resistance mutations. Simultaneously, repeated antigen exposure has generated affinity matured B cells, producing broadly neutralizing receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies with activity against emergent variants. To determine how SARS-CoV-2 might escape these antibodies, we subjected chimeric viruses encoding spike proteins from ancestral, BA.1 or BA.2 variants to selection by 40 broadly neutralizing antibodies. We identify numerous examples of epistasis, whereby in vitro selected and naturally occurring substitutions in RBD epitopes that do not confer antibody resistance in the Wuhan-Hu-1 spike, do so in BA.1 or BA.2 spikes. As few as 2 or 3 of these substitutions in the BA.5 spike, confer resistance to nearly all of the 40 broadly neutralizing antibodies, and substantial resistance to plasma from most individuals. Thus, epistasis facilitates the acquisition of resistance to antibodies that remained effective against early omicron variants.
Stabilization of membrane topologies by proteinaceous remorin scaffolds
Authors: Su Chao , Rodriguez-Franco Marta , Lace Beatrice , Nebel Nils , Hernandez-Reyes Casandra , Liang Pengbo , Schulze Eija , Mymrikov Evgeny V. , Gross Nikolas M. , Knerr Julian , Wang Hong , Siukstaite Lina , Keller Jean , Libourel Cyril , Fischer Alexandra A. M. , Gabor Katharina E. , Mark Eric , Popp Claudia , Hunte Carola , Weber Wilfried , Wendler Petra , Stanislas Thomas , Delaux Pierre-Marc , Einsle Oliver , Grosse Robert , Römer Winfried , Ott Thomas 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn plants, the topological organization of membranes has mainly been attributed to the cell wall and the cytoskeleton. Additionally, few proteins, such as plant-specific remorins have been shown to function as protein and lipid organizers. Root nodule symbiosis requires continuous membrane re-arrangements, with bacteria being finally released from infection threads into membrane-confined symbiosomes. We found that mutations in the symbiosis-specific SYMREM1 gene result in highly disorganized perimicrobial membranes. AlphaFold modelling and biochemical analyses reveal that SYMREM1 oligomerizes into antiparallel dimers and may form a higher-order membrane scaffolding structure. This was experimentally confirmed when expressing this and other remorins in wall-less protoplasts is sufficient where they significantly alter and stabilize de novo membrane topologies ranging from membrane blebs to long membrane tubes with a central actin filament. Reciprocally, mechanically induced membrane indentations were equally stabilized by SYMREM1. Taken together we describe a plant-specific mechanism that allows the stabilization of large-scale membrane conformations independent of the cell wall.
Phonon-mediated room-temperature quantum Hall transport in graphene
Authors: Vaquero Daniel , Clericò Vito , Schmitz Michael , Delgado-Notario Juan Antonio , Martín-Ramos Adrian , Salvador-Sánchez Juan , Müller Claudius S. A. , Rubi Km , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Beschoten Bernd , Stampfer Christoph , Diez Enrique , Katsnelson Mikhail I. , Zeitler Uli , Wiedmann Steffen , Pezzini Sergio 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe quantum Hall (QH) effect in two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) is conventionally observed at liquid-helium temperatures, where lattice vibrations are strongly suppressed and bulk carrier scattering is dominated by disorder. However, due to large Landau level (LL) separation (~2000 K atB = 30 T), graphene can support the QH effect up to room temperature (RT), concomitant with a non-negligible population of acoustic phonons with a wave-vector commensurate to the inverse electronic magnetic length. Here, we demonstrate that graphene encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) realizes a novel transport regime, where dissipation in the QH phase is governed predominantly by electron-phonon scattering. Investigating thermally-activated transport at filling factor 2 up to RT in an ensemble of back-gated devices, we show that the highB-field behaviour correlates with their zeroB-field transport mobility. By this means, we extend the well-accepted notion of phonon-limited resistivity in ultra-clean graphene to a hitherto unexplored high-field realm.
Emission of floral volatiles is facilitated by cell-wall non-specific lipid transfer proteins
Authors: Liao Pan , Maoz Itay , Shih Meng-Ling , Lee Ji Hee , Huang Xing-Qi , Morgan John A. , Dudareva Natalia 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be released from the plant cell into the atmosphere, they have to cross the plasma membrane, the cell wall, and the cuticle. However, how these hydrophobic compounds cross the hydrophilic cell wall is largely unknown. Using biochemical and reverse-genetic approaches combined with mathematical simulation, we show that cell-wall localized non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) facilitate VOC emission. Out of three highly expressed nsLTPs in petunia petals, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid compounds, only PhnsLTP3 contributes to the VOC export across the cell wall to the cuticle. A decrease in PhnsLTP3 expression reduces volatile emission and leads to VOC redistribution with less VOCs reaching the cuticle without affecting their total pools. This intracellular build-up of VOCs lowers their biosynthesis by feedback downregulation of phenylalanine precursor supply to prevent self-intoxication. Overall, these results demonstrate that nsLTPs are intrinsic members of the VOC emission network, which facilitate VOC diffusion across the cell wall.
Nonlinear multi-frequency phonon lasers with active levitated optomechanics
Authors: Kuang Tengfang , Huang Ran , Xiong Wei , Zuo Yunlan , Han Xiang , Nori Franco , Qiu Cheng-Wei , Luo Hui , Jing Hui , Xiao Guangzong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPhonon lasers, which exploit coherent amplifications of phonons, are a means to explore nonlinear phononics, image nanomaterial structures and operate phononic devices. Recently, a phonon laser governed by dispersive optomechanical coupling has been demonstrated by levitating a nanosphere in an optical tweezer. Such levitated optomechanical devices, with minimal noise in high vacuum, can allow flexible control of large-mass objects without any internal discrete energy levels. However, it is challenging to achieve phonon lasing with levitated microscale objects because optical scattering losses are much larger than at the nanoscale. Here we report a nonlinear multi-frequency phonon laser with a micro-size sphere, which is governed by dissipative coupling. The active gain provided by a Yb3+-doped system plays a key role. It achieves three orders of magnitude for the amplitude of the fundamental-mode phonon lasing, compared with the passive device. In addition, nonlinear mechanical harmonics can emerge spontaneously above the lasing threshold. Furthermore, we observe coherent correlations of phonons for both the fundamental mode and its harmonics. Our work drives the field of levitated optomechanics into a regime where it becomes feasible to engineer collective motional properties of typical micro-size objects.
Age-specific trend and birth cohort effect on different histologic types of uterine corpus cancers
Authors: Tai Yi-Jou , Chiang Chun-Ju , Chiang Ying-Cheng , Wu Chia-Ying , Lee Wen-Chung , Cheng Wen-Fang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the uterine corpus cancer incidence rates, age-specific trends, and birth cohort patterns by different histologic types. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of uterine cancer patients (n = 28,769) of all ages from the National Cancer Registry of Taiwan between 1998 and 2017. We estimated the incidence trends, average annual percent changes (AAPCs), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate for the two main subtypes (endometrioid and nonendometrioid) of uterine cancer in Taiwan. During the study period, uterine corpus cancer incidence rates increased over time from 5.3 to 15.21 per 100,000 women. Incidence trends for endometrioid carcinoma increased in all age groups (positive AAPCs > 5% for each age group), and the rise was steeper among women aged 50 years and younger. For nonendometrioid carcinomas, incidence rates increased among women over 50 years. The CSS rate improved among women with stage I (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49–0.81) and stage III (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.58–0.90) endometrioid carcinomas after 2013 compared with those during 2009–2012. However, the CSS rate remained unchanged for nonendometrioid carcinomas. Age, diagnostic period, stage and histologic types were significant factors associated with the 5-year CSS rate. We found that the incidences of both endometrioid and nonendometrioid carcinomas continued to increase among contemporary birth cohorts. Etiologic research is needed to explain the causes of these trends.
Gene-environment correlations and genetic confounding underlying the association between media use and mental health
Authors: Ayorech Ziada , Baldwin Jessie R. , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Rimfeld Kaili , Plomin Robert 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe increase in online media use and mental health problems have prompted investigations into their association, although most literature is focussed on deleterious effects. We assessed the aetiology of media use and mental health associations (Mage = 22.14, SD = 0.85) using twin (n = 4000 pairs) and polygenic score methods (n = 6000 unrelated individuals) in the Twins Early Development Study. Beyond the traditionally explored negative uses of online media (online victimisation and problematic internet use), we investigate general media uses such as posting online and watching videos and distinguish both positive (pro-social behaviour) and negative (anxiety, depression, peer and behaviour problems) mental health measures. Negative media use correlated with poor mental health (r = 0.11–0.32), but general media use correlated with prosocial behaviour (r = 0.20) and fewer behavioural problems (r =  − 0.24). Twin analyses showed that both general and negative media use were moderately heritable (ranging from 20 to 49%) and their associations with mental health were primarily due to genetic influences (44–88%). Genetic sensitivity analysis combining polygenic scores with heritability estimates also suggest genetic confounding. Results indicate research on the mental health impact of media use should adopt genetically informed designs to strengthen causal inference.
The explosive value of the networks
Authors: Scala Antonio , Delmastro Marco 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNetworks have always played a special role for human beings in shaping social relations, forming public opinion, and driving economic equilibria. Nowadays, online networked platforms dominate digital markets and capitalization leader-boards, while social networks drive public discussion. Despite the importance of networks in many economic and social domains (economics, sociology, anthropology, psychology, etc.), the knowledge about the laws that dominate their dynamics is still scarce and fragmented. Here, we analyse a wide set of online networks (those financed by advertising) by investigating their value dynamics from several perspectives: the type of law they follow, their geographic scope, and the relationship between economic value and financial value. The results show that the networks are dominated by strongly nonlinear dynamics. The existence of non-linearity is often underestimated in social sciences because it involves contexts that are difficult to deal with, such as the presence of multiple equilibria—some of which are unstable. Yet, these dynamics must be fully understood and addressed if we aim to understand the recent evolution in the economic, political and social milieus, which are precisely characterised by corner equilibria (e.g., polarisation, winner-take-all solutions, increasing inequality) and nonlinear patterns.
Predictive value of admission CO2 combining power combined with serum sodium for the prognosis in acute Stanford type A aortic dissection patients
Authors: Huang Peng-fei , Zhang Yun-jing , Lou Xian-zhe , Ma Dong , Wu Yun-yan , Zhao Yong-bo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAcute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with sudden onset and high mortality requiries a standard Bentall operation and a accurate prognosis in common, together with alteration of CO2 combining power (CO2CP) and serum sodium rase concern, hence, we evaluated the prognostic value of CO2CP combined with serum sodium in ATAAD patients. This retrospective study included 183 patients who underwent Bentall operation for ATAAD from 2015 to 2021 in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, subsequently followed grouping by the levels of CO2CP and serum sodium. The study endpoint was 30-day all-cause mortality, and the prognostic value of CO2CP combined with serum sodium levels in ATAAD patients were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression method. The postoperative incidence of in-hospital death and adverse events in patients with ATAAD were 18% and 25.7%, respectively. Combination of CO2CP and serum sodium for predicting ATAAD death and adverse events presented a higher predictive value than each single indicator with ROC curve analysis (the AUC of CO2CP combined with serum sodium was 0.786, 95% CI 0.706–0.869, P < 0.001), along with CO2CP < 22.5 mmol/L + serum sodium > 138.5 mmol/L group had the worst prognostic. Multivariate regression analyse showed that CO2CP < 22.5 mmol/L combined with serum sodium > 138.5 mmol/L preferably predicted the prognosis of ATAAD (OR =6.073, 95% CI 2.557–14.425, P < 0.001). Consistently, the cumulative 30-day survival after surgery in ATAAD patients with the low CO2CP and high serum sodium simultaneously was the worst (log-rank P < 0.05). The combination of CO2CP and serum sodium increases the predictive value of prognosis, which is conducive to risk stratification of patients with ATAAD.
Poly(vinyl alcohol) freeze casts with nano-additives as potential thermal insulators
Authors: Hübner C. , Vadalà M. , Voges K. , Lupascu D. C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFreeze-casting consists of freezing a liquid suspension (aqueous or other), followed by sublimation of the solidified state to the gas state under reduced pressure, and subsequent sintering of the remaining scaffold to consolidate and densify the struts and walls. The structure is very porous with the pores being a replica of the solvent crystals. The technique is rather versatile and the use of a liquid solvent (water most of the time) as a pore forming agent is a strong asset. Freeze-casting has also been developed as a near net shape forming route yielding dense ceramics. In this work we report on porous composite materials synthesized via the ice templating method. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is used as matrix and nano-silica (SiO2), nanoclay (NC) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) are used as fillers to improve the mechanical stability of the PVA scaffold. We show our results on the porosity and mechanical stability and consider these porous nanocomposites as potential insulation materials with low thermal conductivity and superior mechanical properties.
Impact of thyroid cancer on the cancer risk in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or dyslipidemia
Authors: Ho Joon , Kim Eunhwa , Lee Myeongjee , Jung Inkyung , Jo Young Suk , Lee Jandee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe raised prevalence of obesity has increased the incidence of obesity-related metabolic diseases such as dyslipidemia (DL) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), along with the development and progression of various types of cancer, including thyroid cancer. In this study, we investigated whether thyroid cancer in patients with DL and NAFLD could be a risk factor for other cancers. To achieve our goal, we generated two independent cohorts from our institution and from the National Health Insurance System in South Korea. Based on the ICD-10 code, we conducted exact matching (1:5 matching) and estimated the overall risk of thyroid cancer for other cancers in patients with DL or NAFLD. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the hazard ratio (HR) of thyroid cancer was 2.007 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.597–2.522) and 2.092 (95% CI, 1.546–2.829), respectively in the institutional cohort and 1.329 (95% CI, 1.153–1.533) and 1.301 (95% CI, 1.115–1.517), respectively in the nationwide cohort. Risk analysis revealed a significant increase in the HR in lip, tongue, mouth, lung, bone, joint, soft tissue, skin, brain, male cancers and lymphoma after thyroid cancer occurred. Thyroid cancer in patients with DL or NAFLD might be a valuable factor for predicting the development of other cancers.
Abnormal physiological findings after FFR-based revascularisation deferral are associated with worse prognosis in women
Authors: Hoshino Masahiro , van de Hoef Tim P. , Lee Joo Myung , Hamaya Rikuta , Kanaji Yoshihisa , Boerhout Coen K. M. , de Waard Guus A. , Jung Ji-Hyun , Lee Seung Hun , Mejia-Renteria Hernan , Echavarria-Pinto Mauro , Meuwissen Martijn , Matsuo Hitoshi , Madera-Cambero Maribel , Eftekhari Ashkan , Effat Mohamed A. , Marques Koen , Doh Joon-Hyung , Christiansen Evald H. , Banerjee Rupak , Nam Chang-Wook , Niccoli Giampaolo , Murai Tadashi , Nakayama Masafumi , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Shin Eun-Seok , Sasano Tetsuo , Appelman Yolande , Beijk Marcel , Knaapen Paul , van Royen Niels , Escaned Javier , Koo Bon Kwon , Piek Jan J. , Kakuta Tsunekazu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe prognostic value of abnormal resting Pd/Pa and coronary flow reserve (CFR) after fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided revascularisation deferral according to sex remains unknown. From the ILIAS Registry composed of 20 hospitals globally from 7 countries, patients with deferred lesions following FFR assessment (FFR > 0.8) were included. (NCT 04485234) The primary clinical endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF) at 2-years follow-up. We included 1392 patients with 1759 vessels (n = 564 women, 31.9%). Although resting Pd/Pa was similar between the sexes (p = 0.116), women had lower CFR than men (2.5 [2.0–3.2] vs. 2.7 [2.1–3.5]; p = 0.004). During a 2-year follow-up period, TVF events occurred in 56 vessels (3.2%). The risk of 2-year TVF was significantly higher in women with low versus high resting Pd/Pa (HR: 9.79; p < 0.001), whereas this trend was not seen in men. (Sex: P-value for interaction = 0.022) Furthermore, resting Pd/Pa provided an incremental prognostic value for 2-year TVF over CFR assessment only in women. After FFR-based revascularisation deferral, low resting Pd/Pa is associated with higher risk of TVF in women, but not in men. The predictive value of Pd/Pa increases when stratified according to CFR values, with significantly high TVF rates in women in whom both indices are concordantly abnormal.Clinical Trial Registration: Inclusive Invasive Physiological Assessment in Angina Syndromes Registry (ILIAS Registry), NCT04485234.
Efficient cell death mediated by bioengineered killer extracellular vesicles
Authors: Dancourt Julia , Piovesana Ester , Lavieu Gregory 
Published: January 2023

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are biological vehicles that are thought to mediate cell–cell communication via the transfer of biomolecules from donor to acceptor cells. Repurposing those natural vesicles into therapeutics delivery vectors is a high priority challenge for translational science. Here we engineer donor cells to produce copious amount of fusogenic EVs loaded with the catalytic domain of the Diphteria Toxin, known to trigger cell death through protein synthesis inhibition. We show that, when incubated with cancer acceptor cells, these Killer EVs block protein synthesis and lead to cell death. This proof of concept establishes the efficacy of Killer EVs in vitro, and suggests that further development may lead to tumor ablation in vivo, expanding the existing cancer therapeutics arsenal.