bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supersoft luminous X-ray sources in galactic nuclei
Authors: Sacchi A. , Risaliti G. , Miniutti G. 
Published: January 2023

Context. Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are usually discovered at X-ray or optical wavelengths through their transient nature. A characteristic spectral feature of X-ray detected TDEs is a ‘supersoft’ X-ray emission, not observed in any other extragalactic source, with the exception of a few rapidly variable hyperluminous X-ray sources (HLXs) or supersoft active galactic nuclei (AGN) that are distinguishable by their optical emission.
Aims. The goal of our work is to find extragalactic supersoft sources associated with galactic centres. We expect this category to include overlooked TDEs, supersoft AGN, and nuclear HLXs. Finding such sources would allow for the study of extreme regime accretion on different black hole mass scales.
Methods. We searched for supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) by cross-correlating optical and X-ray catalogues to select extragalactic near-nuclear sources and we then filtered for very steep spectra (photon index Γ > 3) and high X-ray luminosities (LX > 1041 erg s−1).
Results. With our blind search we retrieved about 60 sources, including 15 previously known supersoft AGN or TDEs, thus demonstrating the efficiency of our selection. Of the remaining sample, 36 sources are optically classified as AGN, although they show steeper-than-usual spectra. The remaining nine previously unknown sources show spectral properties consistent with emission by extremely soft-excess dominated AGN (five sources) or TDEs (four sources). An XMM-Newton follow-up observation of one of these sources confirmed its likely TDE nature.
Conclusions. Our work is the first attempt to discover TDEs by their spectral features rather than their variability, and it has been successful in retrieving known TDEs and in discovering new extreme ultrasoft sources, including four new TDE candidates, one of which is confirmed via follow-up observations.
Compositional indication of E- and M-type asteroids by VIS-NIR reflectance spectra of meteorites
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Li Yang , Zhang Jiang , Li Shijie , Jin Ziliang , Han Huijie , Liu Changqing , Lin Yangting , Ling Zongcheng , Wen Yuanyun 
Published: January 2023

Context. E-type asteroids have been linked to aubrites, while M-type asteroids have been linked to enstatite chondrites (ECs) and iron meteorites (IMs). However, as ECs and IMs generally lack absorption characteristics, distinguishing their parent bodies by spectroscopy generally poses a challenge.
Aims. We aim to develop a method to distinguish two kinds of M-type asteroids, the parent bodies of ECs and IMs, and to infer their composition.
Methods. We measured the visible to near-infrared (VIS-NIR) reflectance spectra of aubrite, ECs, and IMs. Then we analyzed and compared their spectral parameters, such as the reflectance at 0.55 µm (R0.55), absorption bands, and spectral slopes. We also compared the geometric albedo and spectral slopes of a total of 13 E-type and 14 M-type asteroids. Furthermore, combining the collected radar albedo and density data of M-type asteroids, we discuss their potential composition at different depths.
Results. We find that for most meteorites, with the exception of very weak absorption in an aubrite and an EH7 chondrite, ECs and IMs do not show any absorption characteristics. Aubrite shows extremely high reflectance and a negative near-infrared slope (NIRS) and ECs show relatively low reflectance and moderately positive NIRS, while IMs show relatively moderate reflectance and the steepest positive NIRS. Two diagrams plotting with R0.55 and NIRS calculated in the 1.1–1.2 µm and 1.1–1.4 µm bands were subsequently shown to perform optimally at distinguishing aubrite, ECs, and IMs. In addition, M-type asteroids have a wide range of NIRS and diverse radar albedo and densities, whereby 16 Psyche shows high NIRS, radar albedo, and density, while 21 Lutetia is dominated by low values for these parameters.
Conclusions. We demonstrate that NIRS is correlated with metal content and increases with metal content. In particular, the NIRS calculated in the 1.1–1.4 µm band is a potentially useful parameter for inferring the surface metal content of E- and M-type asteroids. Based on our results, we suggest that the featureless M-type asteroids ought to be divided into two subtypes: Mm- (e.g., 16 Psyche) and Me-type (e.g., 21 Lutetia) in the aim of characterizing the sources of IMs and ECs, respectively.
Modeling noise propagation in Fourier-filtering wavefront sensing, fundamental limits, and quantitative comparison
Authors: Chambouleyron V. , Fauvarque O. , Plantet C. , Sauvage J.-F. , Levraud N. , Cissé M. , Neichel B. , Fusco T. 
Published: January 2023

Context.Adaptive optics (AO) is a technique allowing for ground-based telescopes’ angular resolution to be improved drastically. The wavefront sensor (WFS) is one of the key components of such systems, driving the fundamental performance limitations.Aims.In this paper, we focus on a specific class of WFS: the Fourier-filtering wavefront sensors (FFWFSs). This class is known for its extremely high sensitivity. However, a clear and comprehensive noise propagation model for any kind of FFWFS is lacking.Methods.Considering read-out noise and photon noise, we derived a simple and comprehensive model allowing us to understand how these noises propagate in the phase reconstruction in the linear framework.Results.This new noise propagation model works for any kind of FFWFS, and it allows one to revisit the fundamental sensitivity limit of these sensors. Furthermore, a new comparison between widely used FFWFSs is held. We focus on the two main FFWFS classes used: the Zernike WFS (ZWFS) and the pyramid WFS (PWFS), bringing new understanding of their behavior.
Information Technology Systems for Infection Control in German University Hospitals—Results of a Structured Survey a Year into the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic
Authors: Kaba Hani , Krefting Dagmar , Reinoso Schiller Nicolás , Wiesenfeldt Martin , Loderstädt Ulrike , Scheithauer Simone 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Digitalization is playing a major role in mastering the current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, several outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in German hospitals last year have shown that many of the surveillance and warning mechanisms related to infection control (IC) in hospitals need to be updated.
Objectives The main objective of the following work was to assess the state of information technology (IT) systems supporting IC and surveillance in German university hospitals in March 2021, almost a year into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Methods As part of the National Research Network for Applied Surveillance and Testing project within the Network University Medicine, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the situation of IC IT systems in 36 university hospitals in Germany.
Results Among the most prominent findings were the lack of standardization of IC IT systems and the predominant use of commercial IC IT systems, while the vast majority of hospitals reported inadequacies in the features their IC IT systems provide for their daily work. However, as the pandemic has shown that there is a need for systems that can help improve health care, several German university hospitals have already started this upgrade independently.
Conclusions The deep challenges faced by the German health care sector regarding the integration and interoperability of IT systems designed for IC and surveillance are unlikely to be solved through punctual interventions and require collaboration between educational, medical, and administrative institutions.
Gestures are modulated by social context
Authors: Brown Lucien , Kim Hyunji , Hübscher Iris , Winter Bodo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates gesture as a resource for marking politeness-related meanings. We asked 14 Korean and 14 Catalan
participants to retell a cartoon, once to an unknown superior and once to a close friend. Participants in both languages curtail gestures
when interacting with a socially distant superior. Speakers of both languages produced fewer gestures when addressing the superior, reduced their gesture space, decreased the encoding of manner, and reduced the use of
character-viewpoint gestures. We see the decrease in gesture frequency and the less frequent encoding of manner as indicators of
lower levels of iconicity when talking with status superiors. Curtailing gesture marks a less playful communicative context, and a more
serious and deferential persona. Altogether, our research speaks to the importance of politeness in gesture production, and the social
nature of gestures in human communication.
Improved mechanical properties of the E-glass fibres through TiO2 nanoparticle coating
Authors: Ahmed Md Kawsar , Bagheri Behboud Ali , Kurucu Arda , Kurt Çömlekçi Göksenin , Ordu Mustafa 
Published: January 2023

In this work, the mechanical properties of nanoparticle-coated E-glass fibres were investigated for high-performance composites. Glass fibres were dip-coated in TiO2 solutions by varying the concentration of nanoparticles. Single-filament tensile test was performed on bare and coated fibres to understand the effects of nanoparticles and the concentration of solutions on the mechanical properties. The analysis was carried out using two-parametrical Weibull distribution, and the result indicates that the nanoparticle-coated glass fibres have a lower probability of failure than the bare fibres. The tensile strengths of the fibres were improved up to 7.31%, 11.71% and 9.67% by coating with 5%, 10% and 15% nanoparticle solutions, respectively. The nanoparticle-coating of glass fibres has positively affected the mechanical properties against fabrication-related surface defects. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Investigation of key physical properties of new La@PbS filled Poly (vinyl and pyrrolidone) nanocomposite films for opto-electronics
Authors: Elhosiny Ali H , Shkir Mohd , Khairy Yasmin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Polymer blends incorporated with various nanoparticles are the key components for obtaining new and advanced physical properties for a wide area of applications. Herein, poly (vinyl and pyrrolidone) blend films containing different content of La@PbS nanoparticles are well prepared by following the casting procedure. La-doped PbS nanoparticles were facile synthesized via a chemical route at low temperatures. The structure of compositions was investigated through XRD, TEM, AFM, and FTIR. UV–visible spectroscopy shows that the absorption edge is redshifted to a higher wavelength and the absorbance increases with the La@PbS content. The direct and indirect transitions in the hybrid nanocomposites (HNCs) are reduced as the influence of filling percentage. Tauc’s model and quantum theory confirmed the presence of direct optical bandgap transitions in the HNC films. Urbach energy (E

u
) and refractive index were also calculated. Through Wemple–Di Domenico’s (WDD) model of single-oscillator the optical susceptibilities and nonlinear refractive index were estimated. The dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of the HNC films are influenced not only by frequency but also by the La@PbS percentage. The dominant mechanism in all films is related to barrier hopping (CBH) and follows Jonscher’s power (JP) performance.
The effects of relativistic hidden sector particles on the matter power spectrum
Authors: Ganjoo Himanish , Erickcek Adrienne L. , Lin Weikang , Mack Katherine J. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
If dark matter resides in a hidden sector minimally coupled to the Standard Model, another particle within the hidden sector might dominate the energy density of the early universe temporarily, causing an early matter-dominated era (EMDE). During an EMDE, matter perturbations grow more rapidly than they would in a period of radiation domination, which leads to the formation of microhalos much earlier than they would form in standard cosmological scenarios. These microhalos boost the dark matter annihilation signal, but this boost is highly sensitive to the small-scale cut-off in the matter power spectrum. If the dark matter is sufficiently cold, this cut-off is set by the relativistic pressure of the particle that dominates the hidden sector. We determine the evolution of dark matter density perturbations in this scenario, obtaining the power spectrum at the end of the EMDE. We analyze the suppression of perturbations due to the relativistic pressure of the dominant hidden sector particle and express the cut-off scale and peak scale for which the matter power spectrum is maximized in terms of the properties of this particle. We also supply transfer functions to relate the matter power spectrum with a small-scale cut-off resulting from the pressure of the dominant hidden sector particle to the matter power spectrum that results from a cold hidden sector. These transfer functions facilitate the quick computation of accurate matter power spectra in EMDE scenarios with initially hot hidden sectors and allow us to identify which models significantly enhance the microhalo abundance.
A geometric approach to quantifying the neuromodulatory effects of persistent inward currents on individual motor unit discharge patterns
Authors: Beauchamp James A , Pearcey Gregory E P , Khurram Obaid U , Chardon Matthieu , Wang Y Curtis , Powers Randall K , Dewald Julius P A , Heckman CJ 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Objective. All motor commands flow through motoneurons, which entrain control of their innervated muscle fibers, forming a motor unit (MU). Owing to the high fidelity of action potentials within MUs, their discharge profiles detail the organization of ionotropic excitatory/inhibitory as well as metabotropic neuromodulatory commands to motoneurons. Neuromodulatory inputs (e.g. norepinephrine, serotonin) enhance motoneuron excitability and facilitate persistent inward currents (PICs). PICs introduce quantifiable properties in MU discharge profiles by augmenting depolarizing currents upon activation (i.e. PIC amplification) and facilitating discharge at lower levels of excitatory input than required for recruitment (i.e. PIC prolongation). Approach. Here, we introduce a novel geometric approach to estimate neuromodulatory and inhibitory contributions to MU discharge by exploiting discharge non-linearities introduced by PIC amplification during time-varying linear tasks. In specific, we quantify the deviation from linear discharge (‘brace height’) and the rate of change in discharge (i.e. acceleration slope, attenuation slope, angle). We further characterize these metrics on a simulated motoneuron pool with known excitatory, inhibitory, and neuromodulatory inputs and on human MUs (number of MUs; Tibialis Anterior: 1448, Medial Gastrocnemius: 2100, Soleus: 1062, First Dorsal Interosseus: 2296). Main results. In the simulated motor pool, we found brace height and attenuation slope to consistently indicate changes in neuromodulation and the pattern of inhibition (excitation–inhibition coupling), respectively, whereas the paired MU analysis (ΔF) was dependent on both neuromodulation and inhibition pattern. Furthermore, we provide estimates of these metrics in human MUs and show comparable variability in ΔF and brace height measures for MUs matched across multiple trials. Significance. Spanning both datasets, we found brace height quantification to provide an intuitive method for achieving graded estimates of neuromodulatory and inhibitory drive to individual MUs. This complements common techniques and provides an avenue for decoupling changes in the level of neuromodulatory and pattern of inhibitory motor commands.
Turbulence characterization during the suppression of edge-localized modes by magnetic perturbations on ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Leuthold N. , Suttrop W. , Willensdorfer M. , Birkenmeier G. , Brida D. , Cavedon M. , Dunne M. , Conway G.D. , Fischer R. , Gil L. , Happel T. , Hennequin P. , Kappatou A. , Kirk A. , Manz P. , McDermott R.M. , Vicente J. , Zohm H. , Upgrade Team the ASDEX , MST1 Team the EUROfusion 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study localized edge turbulence in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak that appears if resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) are applied to suppress edge localized modes (ELMs) in the high confinement mode. The concomitant density fluctuations are detected by microwave reflectometry at the outboard midplane. Two modes can be distinguished, (a) a broadband fluctuation below a threshold of the RMP field amplitude, and (b) a narrow-band quasi-coherent mode (QCM) above the threshold. The broadband fluctuation is toroidally spread out but disappears at the toroidal position of maximum E × B shear in the gradient region. Temporal and spatial correlation along field lines of the midplane density fluctuation and the divertor particle flux suggests that this mode is producing significant particle transport across the gradient region and into the divertor, hence contributing to the plasma density reduction that is often observed when applying RMP fields (the so-called ‘pump-out’ effect). The QCM is also toroidally localized, its radial extent grows with increasing RMP field amplitude, and leads to further increased divertor particle flux compared to the broadband mode. Our observations suggest that both modes not only play an important role in keeping the plasma density stationary in the absence of ELMs but also to reduce the plasma pressure such that the plasma edge becomes stable against ELMs.
Trigger-less readout and unbiased data quality monitoring of the CMS drift tubes muon detector
Authors: Migliorini M. , Pazzini J. , Triossi A. , Zanetti M. , Zucchetta A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The CMS experiment 40 MHz data scouting project is aimed at intercepting the data produced at the level of the detectors’ front-end without the filters induced by hardware-based triggers. A first implementation is realized by the trigger-less reading and processing of a fraction of the Drift Tube (DT) muon detector, equipped with a preliminary version of the so-called Phase-2 Upgrade on-detector electronics boards. The data are transferred via high-speed optical links to back-end boards independently from the central experiment data acquisition (DAQ), permitting real-time detector status monitoring via receiving all the signals produced at the front-end level, and providing an unbiased estimate of the CMS DT hit-rate under various data-taking conditions.
TCAD optimization of LGAD sensors for extremely high fluence applications
Authors: Croci T. , Morozzi A. , Sola V. , Asenov P. , Fondacci A. , Giordanengo S. , Borghi G. , Vignali M.C. , Paternoster G. , Boscardin M. , Menichelli M. , Cartiglia N. , Passeri D. , Moscatelli F. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The next generation of high-energy physics experiments at future hadronic colliders will require tracking detectors able to efficiently operate in extreme radiation environments, where expected fluences will exceed 1 × 1017 neq/cm2. This new operating scenario imposes many efforts on the design of effective and radiation-resistant particle detectors. Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) represents a remarkable advance because the radiation damage effects can be mitigated by exploiting its charge multiplication mechanism after heavy irradiation. To obtain the desired gain (about 10–20) on the sensor output signal, a careful implementation of the “multiplication” region is needed (i.e.  the high-field junction implant). Moreover, a proper design of the peripheral region (namely, the guard-ring structure) is crucial to prevent premature breakdown and large leakage currents at very high fluences, when the bias voltage applied creates an electric field higher than 15 V/μm. In this contribution, the design of LGAD sensors for extreme fluence applications is discussed, addressing the critical technological aspects such as the choice of the active substrate thickness, the gain layer design and the optimization of the sensor periphery. The impact of several design strategies is evaluated with the aid of Technology-CAD (TCAD) simulations based on a recently proposed model for the numerical simulation of radiation damage effects on LGAD devices.
Storm surge variability and prediction from ENSO and tropical cyclones
Authors: Tan Yicheng , Zhang Wei , Feng Xiangbo , Guo Yipeng , Hoitink A J F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Storm surges are among the deadliest natural hazards, but understanding and prediction of year-to-year variability of storm surges is challenging. Here, we demonstrate that the interannual variability of observed storm surge levels can be explained and further predicted, through a process-based study in Hong Kong. We find that El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts a compound impact on storm surge levels through modulating tropical cyclones (TCs) and other forcing factors. The occurrence frequencies of local and remote TCs are responsible for the remaining variability in storm surge levels after removing the ENSO effect. Finally, we show that a statistical prediction model formed by ENSO and TC indices has good skill for prediction of extreme storm surge levels. The analysis approach can be applied to other coastal regions where tropical storms and the climate variability are main contributors to storm surges. Our study gives new insight into identifying ‘windows of opportunity’ for successful prediction of storm surges on long-range timescales.
Geotechnical characterization of an amphibolite from Baixada Santista-SP, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira E P S , Marques E A G , Leão M F 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This work presents the results of the characterization of a sound to slightly weathered amphibolite, sampled at Baixada Santista, on the coast of the state of São Paulo, in the southeastern region of Brazil. Initially, petrographic analysis of material sheets were performed. Characterization tests were carried out to determine the physical indexes and to determine p-wave propagation velocity. For the mechanical characterization of these materials, uniaxial compression and point load tests were carried out in two different loading directions. The results of the micro petrographic analysis indicate that an average of 66% of the analysed minerals did not present weathering and 34% percent of the minerals are the result of weathering. The physical characterization results indicate (average values) of apparent porosity equal to 2.77%, apparent absorption capacity of 0.92% and apparent specific dry mass of 2.69 g/cm3. The results of p-wave propagation velocity measurements indicate a 2.63% reduction in the wave velocity of the ones measured on parallel direction to the ones on perpendicular direction. As for the mechanical characterization tests, there was an average value of uniaxial compressive strength equal to 77.40 MPa for samples loaded on the parallel direction and 92.96 MPa for samples loaded on the perpendicular direction (differences of about 20%). For the point load compression tests, an Is50 value of 2.44 MPa was obtained for the samples loaded on the direction parallel to the foliation and of 5.41 MPa for the samples loaded on the perpendicular direction (increase of about 121%). The UCS/Is50 ratio was determined for both loading directions, being equal to 17.2 and 31.7 for samples loaded on the parallel and perpendicular directions to the foliation, respectively.