bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in learning and performing the Go/NoGo tasks
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Li Mingxi , Wang Zhiru , Chen Fujun 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The quality of learning and post-learning performances is critical for daily life. The behavioral flexibility is equally important for adapting the changing circumstances. The learning process requires repeated practices, which enhances prompt and proper behavioral responses, in turn, which promotes habits formation as well. Despite the well-documented sex differences in learning and performances, contradictory results were reported. A possible cause might be a systematic analysis due to specific research interests, regardless of the continuity of natural acquisition process. Here, we investigate the potential sex differences in learning, performances and adjustments of habited behaviors with regular and reversal Go/NoGo tasks.

Methods
Both male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. All rats were trained for a regular rodent Go/NoGo task and a subset of rats were trained for a reversal rodent Go/NoGo task, both with strict elimination criteria. The behavioral performance data were stored in PC for off-line analysis. Multiple behavioral indices were analyzed for both passed and retired rats.

Results
The ability of learning the regular the reversal Go/NoGo tasks was similar for both male and female rats, however, the female rats took longer time to master the task principles in later stages for both tasks. In the regular Go/NoGo task, the female rats spent more time on completing the trial in performance optimization phases, which implied female rats were more cautious than male rats. Along with the progression of training, both male and female rats developed Go-preference strategies to perform the regular Go/NoGo task, which induced failure to meet the setting success criteria. The retired male rats exhibited shorter RTs and MTs than the retired female rats after developing Go-preference. Moreover, the time needed to complete the Go trials was significantly prolonged for male rats in the reversal Go/NoGo task.

Conclusions
Overall, we conclude that distinctive strategies were employed in performing Go/NoGo tasks for both male and female rats. Male rats required less time to stabilize the performance in behavioral optimization phase. In addition, male rats were more accurate in estimating time elapsing. In contrast, female rats took more cautious considerations in performing the task, through which minimal influences were manifested in the reversal version of task.
Cryptosporidium parvum competes with the intestinal epithelial cells for glucose and impairs systemic glucose supply in neonatal calves
Authors: Dengler Franziska , Hammon Harald M. , Liermann Wendy , Görs Solvig , Bachmann Lisa , Helm Christiane , Ulrich Reiner , Delling Cora 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCryptosporidiosis is one of the main causes of diarrhea in children and young livestock. The interaction of the parasite with the intestinal host cells has not been characterized thoroughly yet but may be affected by the nutritional demand of the parasite. Hence, we aimed to investigate the impact of C. parvum infection on glucose metabolism in neonatal calves. Therefore, N = 5 neonatal calves were infected with C. parvum on the first day of life, whereas a control group was not (N = 5). The calves were monitored clinically for one week, and glucose absorption, turnover and oxidation were assessed using stable isotope labelled glucose. The transepithelial transport of glucose was measured using the Ussing chamber technique. Glucose transporters were quantified on gene and protein expression level using RT-qPCR and Western blot in the jejunum epithelium and brush border membrane preparations. Plasma glucose concentration and oral glucose absorption were decreased despite an increased electrogenic phlorizin sensitive transepithelial transport of glucose in infected calves. No difference in the gene or protein abundance of glucose transporters, but an enrichment of glucose transporter 2 in the brush border was observed in the infected calves. Furthermore, the mRNA for enzymes of the glycolysis pathway was increased indicating enhanced glucose oxidation in the infected gut. In summary, C. parvum infection modulates intestinal epithelial glucose absorption and metabolism. We assume that the metabolic competition of the parasite for glucose causes the host cells to upregulate their uptake mechanisms and metabolic machinery to compensate for the energy losses.
Experimental and MCFT-Based Study on Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Subjected to In-Plane Shear Forces
Authors: Wagh Suyash K. , Vianthi Agie , Liao Wen-Cheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTesting of concrete panels subjected to pure in-plane shear loading is necessary to elucidate the shear behavior of concrete. However, available data for predicting the shear capacity and behavior of steel fiber-reinforced concrete are rather limited. This study aims to evaluate the shear capacity and behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete made of highly flowable strain hardening fiber-reinforced concrete (HF-SHFRC) experimentally and analytically, respectively, using a panel tester loaded under pure shear and modified compression field theory (MCFT). The test was conducted using a panel test machine at the University of Toronto. The test results of the HF-SHFRC demonstrated strain hardening behavior at tension after the first crack, as indicated by the increase in the shear stress after the first crack in the HF-SHFRC panel. An analysis procedure is proposed for predicting the shear strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) based on experimental data of the SFRC panels to obtain reliable results. A comparison of results obtained from the proposed analysis procedure and experiments show that it accurately predicted the response of the HF-SHFRC. The proposed MCFT-based analysis procedure can provide valuable insight for understanding the behavior of the SFRC panels under shear loading.
The G51D SNCA mutation generates a slowly progressive α-synuclein strain in early-onset Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lau Heather H. C. , Martinez-Valbuena Ivan , So Raphaella W. L. , Mehra Surabhi , Silver Nicholas R. G. , Mao Alison , Stuart Erica , Schmitt-Ulms Cian , Hyman Bradley T. , Ingelsson Martin , Kovacs Gabor G. , Watts Joel C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUnique strains of α-synuclein aggregates have been postulated to underlie the spectrum of clinical and pathological presentations seen across the synucleinopathies. Whereas multiple system atrophy (MSA) is associated with a predominance of oligodendroglial α-synuclein inclusions, α-synuclein aggregates in Parkinson’s disease (PD) preferentially accumulate in neurons. The G51D mutation in the SNCA gene encoding α-synuclein causes an aggressive, early-onset form of PD that exhibits clinical and neuropathological traits reminiscent of both PD and MSA. To assess the strain characteristics of G51D PD α-synuclein aggregates, we performed propagation studies in M83 transgenic mice by intracerebrally inoculating patient brain extracts. The properties of the induced α-synuclein aggregates in the brains of injected mice were examined using immunohistochemistry, a conformational stability assay, and by performing α-synuclein seed amplification assays. Unlike MSA-injected mice, which developed a progressive motor phenotype, G51D PD-inoculated animals remained free of overt neurological illness for up to 18 months post-inoculation. However, a subclinical synucleinopathy was present in G51D PD-inoculated mice, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates in restricted regions of the brain. The induced α-synuclein aggregates in G51D PD-injected mice exhibited distinct properties in a seed amplification assay and were much more stable than those present in mice injected with MSA extract, which mirrored the differences observed between human MSA and G51D PD brain samples. These results suggest that the G51D SNCA mutation specifies the formation of a slowly propagating α-synuclein strain that more closely resembles α-synuclein aggregates associated with PD than MSA.
P16 immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and specific surrogate marker for CDKN2A homozygous deletion in gliomas
Authors: Vij Meenakshi , Cho Benjamin B. , Yokoda Raquel T. , Rashidipour Omid , Umphlett Melissa , Richardson Timothy E. , Tsankova Nadejda M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMolecular characterization of gliomas has uncovered genomic signatures with significant impact on tumor diagnosis and prognostication.CDKN2Ais a tumor suppressor gene involved in cell cycle control. Homozygous deletion of theCDKN2A/Blocus has been implicated in both gliomagenesis and tumor progression through dysregulated cell proliferation. In histologically lower grade gliomas,CDKN2Ahomozygous deletion is associated with more aggressive clinical course and is a molecular marker of grade 4 status in the 2021 WHO diagnostic system. Despite its prognostic utility, molecular analysis forCDKN2Adeletion remains time consuming, expensive, and is not widely available. This study assessed whether semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry for expression of p16, the protein product ofCDKN2A, can serve as a sensitive and a specific marker forCDKN2Ahomozygous deletion in gliomas. P16 expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry in 100 gliomas, representing both IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant tumors of all grades, using two independent pathologists’ scores and QuPath digital pathology analysis. MolecularCDKN2Astatus was determined using next-generation DNA sequencing, with homozygousCDKN2Adeletion detected in 48% of the tumor cohort. ClassifyingCDKN2Astatus based on p16 tumor cell expression (0–100%) demonstrated robust performance over a wide range of thresholds, with receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.993 and 0.997 (blinded and unblinded pathologist p16 scores, respectively) and 0.969 (QuPath p16 score). Importantly, in tumors with pathologist-scored p16 equal to or less than 5%, the specificity for predictingCDKN2Ahomozygous deletion was 100%; and in tumors with p16 greater than 20%, specificity for excludingCDKN2Ahomozygous deletion was also 100%. Conversely, tumors with p16 scores of 6–20% represented gray zone with imperfect correlation toCDKN2Astatus. The findings indicate that p16 immunohistochemistry is a reliable surrogate marker ofCDKN2Ahomozygous deletion in gliomas, with recommended p16 cutoff scores of ≤ 5% for confirming and > 20% for excluding biallelicCDKN2Aloss.
Micro-hepatocellular carcinoma with bile duct tumor thrombus mimicking intrahepatic intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: a case report
Authors: Matsumoto Takatsugu , Shimizu Takayuki , Sato Shun , Tanaka Genki , Yamaguchi Takamune , Park Kyung-Hwa , Sakuraoka Yuhki , Shiraki Takayuki , Mori Shozo , Iso Yukihiro , Nemoto Takehiko , Kubota Keiichi , Nozawa Yumi , Ishida Kazuyuki , Aoki Taku 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Microhepatocellular carcinoma with a gross bile duct tumor thrombus is extremely rare, making the correct preoperative diagnosis difficult.

Case presentation
A 78-year-old man was referred to our department for close examination of a liver tumor that was incidentally detected using ultrasonography. Blood tests revealed normal levels of tumor markers. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a 2-cm-sized hyperechoic mass with indistinct borders and hypoechoic margins at the origin of the right hepatic duct. Dynamic computed tomography showed a tumor with arterial phase predominance, a heterogeneous contrast effect, and prolonged enhancement. Cystic structures were observed in the tumors. In addition, localized dilatation of the caudate lobe bile duct was observed near the tumor. Cholangiography showed that the common bile duct, right and left hepatic ducts, and secondary branches did not have dilatation or stenosis. Biopsies of the bile duct revealed no malignancy. Under suspicion of intrahepatic intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct, right hemi-hepatectomy was performed. The extrahepatic bile duct was preserved, because no tumor was found at the margin of the right hepatic duct during intraoperative frozen diagnosis. Macroscopically, the lesion was an 18 × 15 mm tumor occupying a dilated intrahepatic bile duct near the right hepatic duct, with a soft, fine papillary tumor. Based on morphology and immunostaining, tumor matched with moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, a 2 mm-sized hepatocellular carcinoma was observed in the liver parenchyma near the bile duct, where the tumor was located.

Conclusions
Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with small hepatocellular carcinoma with a gross bile duct tumor thrombus. The cystic part seen on the preoperative images was considered as a gap between the bile duct and the tumor thrombus. The patient recovered well with no signs of recurrence 20 months after surgery.
Upside and downside correlated jump risk premia of currency options and expected returns
Authors: He Jie-Cao , Chang Hsing-Hua , Chen Ting-Fu , Lin Shih-Kuei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis research explores upside and downside jumps in the dynamic processes of three rates: domestic interest rates, foreign interest rates, and exchange rates. To fill the gap between the asymmetric jump in the currency market and the current models, a correlated asymmetric jump model is proposed to capture the co-movement of the correlated jump risks for the three rates and identify the correlated jump risk premia. The likelihood ratio test results show that the new model performs best in 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month maturities. The in- and out-of-sample test results indicate that the new model can capture more risk factors with relatively small pricing errors. Finally, the risk factors captured by the new model can explain the exchange rate fluctuations for various economic events.
A core of functional complementary bacteria infects oysters in Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome
Authors: Clerissi Camille , Luo Xing , Lucasson Aude , Mortaza Shogofa , de Lorgeril Julien , Toulza Eve , Petton Bruno , Escoubas Jean-Michel , Dégremont Lionel , Gueguen Yannick , Destoumieux-Garzόn Delphine , Jacq Annick , Mitta Guillaume 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is one of the main cultivated invertebrate species worldwide. Since 2008, oyster juveniles have been confronted with a lethal syndrome known as the Pacific Oyster Mortality Syndrome (POMS). POMS is a polymicrobial disease initiated by a primary infection with the herpesvirus OsHV-1 µVar that creates an oyster immunocompromised state and evolves towards a secondary fatal bacteremia.

Results
In the present article, we describe the implementation of an unprecedented combination of metabarcoding and metatranscriptomic approaches to show that the sequence of events in POMS pathogenesis is conserved across infectious environments. We also identified a core bacterial consortium which, together with OsHV-1 µVar, forms the POMS pathobiota. This bacterial consortium is characterized by high transcriptional activities and complementary metabolic functions to exploit host’s resources. A significant metabolic specificity was highlighted at the bacterial genus level, suggesting low competition for nutrients between members of the core bacteria.

Conclusions
Lack of metabolic competition between the core bacteria might favor complementary colonization of host tissues and contribute to the conservation of the POMS pathobiota across distinct infectious environments.
Successful prioritisation of inguinal herniotomies in children during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimise emergency presentations
Authors: Marei Mahmoud Marei , Hassan Ahmed Sobhy , Kamel Mohamed , Moore Aiden , Aworanti Olugbenga Michael 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupted the delivery of elective surgery in children. We introduced guidance to mitigate this impact. By reviewing the outcomes for inguinal herniotomies, we aimed to determine if this guidance has enabled us to prevent an increase in the elective surgery wait time and therefore the need for emergency surgery for incarcerated hernias. This report aims to share our learnt lessons about responding to a crisis limiting accessibility to elective surgery.

Results
We performed a retrospective review of all elective and emergency herniotomies performed between April 1 and September 30, 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and the same period in 2020 (post-COVID-19). We compared the data on wait time from referral to clinic review/elective surgery and incarceration rates. During the study period in 2019, 76 elective herniotomies were performed compared to 46 in 2020. We did not observe a simultaneous increase in emergency herniotomies in 2020 (27 [2020] vs 25 [2019], OR [95% CI] = 1.53 [0.79–2.9]; p = 0.2). The median time from referral to elective surgery in 2019 compared to 2020 did not differ (56 vs 59 days, respectively; p = 0.61). In 2020, 72% of children that required emergency surgery had not been previously referred to our service and the median age (interquartile range) at which they presented with an incarcerated hernia was 2.8 months (2.1–13.7 months).

Conclusion
By adhering to local guidelines for resumption of elective activity, the pandemic did not result in children waiting longer to be seen by a surgeon for a suspected inguinal hernia. As a result, we did not perform more emergency herniotomies. Urgent prioritisation of hernias in infants, from birth up to 3 months old, was a beneficial strategy. Public health education on childhood hernias will improve outcomes.
Monitoring induced microseismicity in an urban context using very small seismic arrays: The case study of the Vendenheim EGS project
Authors: Fiori Rémi , Vergne Jérôme , Schmittbuhl Jean , Zigone Dimitri 
Published: May 2023

Monitoring the seismicity induced by fluid injections in deep geothermal reservoirs is often limited by the significant anthropogenic ambient noise level inherent to most enhanced geothermal system (EGS) projects in urban contexts. We report on the performance of a monitoring network made of three small aperture (72 m) seismic arrays composed of 21 3D nodes. We test the setup for four months (from 12 December 2020 to 8 April 2021) of the Strasbourg sequence of induced earthquakes (2019–2022) related to the EGS Georhin project (Vendenheim, France). The deployment starts a few days after the MLv = 3.6 induced earthquake of 4 December 2020 and covers the early shut-in period of the wells. We use a beamforming technique to characterize the main noise sources, which consist of slow apparent velocities of surface waves emitted from mobile anthropogenic sources (motorway and railway traffic). We detect events with a phase-weighted stacking method, which is efficient when wavefronts illuminate the arrays with a high apparent velocity. Earthquakes associated with these detections are located using a matched field processing technique. The obtained catalog includes 216 seismic events, which represent four times more events than the reference catalog from Le Bureau Central Sismologique Français–Renass (the national academic agency in charge of seismicity monitoring in France), and a reduction of the completeness magnitude from 0.3 to −0.5. The clustering of the seismicity is analyzed using waveform correlation. The enriched catalog reveals intermittent seismic activity during the slow and continuous decrease in fluid pressure after shut-in.
Childbearing Trajectories in a West African Setting: A Sequence Analysis Approach
Authors: Bras Hilde , Remund Adrien , Delaunay Valérie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe lagging fertility transition in West Africa has important repercussions for global population growth but remains poorly understood. Inspired by Caldwell and colleagues' fertility transition framework, as well as by subsequent research, we examine diversity in women's holistic childbearing trajectories in Niakhar, Senegal, between the early 1960s and 2018 using a sequence analysis approach. We evaluate the prevalence of different trajectories, their contribution to overall fertility levels, and their association with women's socioeconomic and cultural characteristics. Four trajectories were observed: “high fertility,” “delayed entry,” “truncated,” and “short.” While the high fertility trajectory was most prevalent across cohorts, delayed entry grew in importance. The high fertility trajectory was more common among women born between 1960 and 1969 and was followed less often by divorced women and those from polygynous households. Women with primary education and those from higher status groups were more likely to experience delayed entry. The truncated trajectory was associated with lack of economic wealth, polygynous households, and caste membership. A short trajectory was related to lack of agropastoral wealth, divorce, and possibly secondary sterility. Our study advances knowledge on fertility transitions in Niakhar—and Sahelian West African contexts more generally—by showing the diversity of childbearing trajectories within high fertility regional contexts.
Balloon-Assisted Catheterization of Occluded Carotid Artery (BOCA) Technique in Acute Stroke
Authors: Siddiq Farhan , Bhagavan Sachin , Ishfaq M. Fawad , Jaura Attiya , Bhatti Ibrahim Ahmad , Gomez Camilo R. , Qureshi Adnan I. 
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND:
Acute ischemic stroke from tandem occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) poses a technical challenge to neurointerventionalists.

OBJECTIVE:
To present a novel balloon-assisted catheterization of occluded carotid artery (BOCA) technique used for rapid and effective catheterization of occluded/critically stenosed ICA in tandem occlusion.

METHODS:
A retrospective review of 10 patients with tandem carotid occlusion, treated with BOCA technique for revascularization between July 2020 and June 2021, was performed. Clinical, radiographic, and procedural data; details of BOCA technique; complications; and outcomes were reviewed.

RESULTS:
Of the 10 patients, 8 (80%) had complete occlusion of the cervical ICA and the remaining 2 had high-grade stenosis with poor intracranial flow. The mean age was 63.2 years. The mean presenting NIH Stroke Scale was 13.4. The BOCA technique resulted in recanalization of ICA in all patients and allowed mechanical thrombectomy of middle cerebral artery. Thrombolysis in cerebral infarction grade 2b/3 was achieved in all 10 patients. The mean groin-to-reperfusion time was 41.4 minutes. The mean internal carotid artery stenosis was 99.7% preoperatively and 41.1% postoperatively. Only one patient needed stent at the end of the procedure because of dissection.

CONCLUSION:
The BOCA technique can be used in distal first approach for acute stroke from tandem ICA occlusion. This technique allows direct guide catheterization of occluded ICA by tracking over a partially inflated balloon.