bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Adaptogenic and Antidepressant Activity of Rhododendron arboreum Flower
Authors: Karki Subash , Rijal SaiBijaya , Swamy Shivakumar 
Published: June 2023

Various medications are available to treat stress and depression, but there is a growing interest in plant-based drugs due to their effectiveness and minimal side effects. As a result, researchers conducted a study to evaluate the adaptogenic and antidepressant effects of extracts from Rhododendron arboreum flowers using different animal models. The adaptogenic activity of the extracts was tested in mice and rats using anoxia stress and swimming endurance stress-induced models. In the anoxia stress model, animals were placed in airtight containers, and any increase in their tolerance to anoxia was considered a positive effect. In the swimming endurance model, the researchers measured various biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, blood cell count, and organ weights in both stressed animals and animals treated with the extract. The decrease in biochemical parameters and maintenance of blood cell counts indicated adaptogenic activity. Additionally, the extract protected against increased liver and adrenal gland weight, and decreased spleen weight under stress conditions, further confirming its adaptogenic activity. The antidepressant effect was evaluated using the tail suspension test and elevated plus maze model, where immobility was used as a behavioral parameter. Significant adaptogenic and antidepressant activity was observed after treating the animals with the ethanolic extract of R. arboreum flowers at doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Interestingly, the higher dose of the extract had a more pronounced effect compared to the lower dose.
Overall, this study provides compelling evidence supporting the significant adaptogenic and antidepressant activity of the ethanolic extract derived from R. arboreum flowers. The results suggest that the extract has the potential to help the body adapt to stress and exhibit antidepressant effects. Furthermore, the study highlights the extract's impact on various biochemical, hematological, and organ weight parameters in rats, indicating its adaptogenic properties. The presence of flavonoids such as rutin and quercetin in the extract may contribute to its adaptogenic activity, while terpenes could be responsible for its antidepressant effects.
Nourishing the Nation's Future: The Pioneering Role of Integrated Child Development Services in India's Effort to Combat Child Malnutrition
Authors: Aziz Fatima , Azeez N. P. Abdul 
Published: June 2023

Background: In India, a considerable portion of the population suffers from undernutrition, contributing to poor health. Under and over-nutrition continue to pose a severe threat to the country despite the increase in economic development and significant measures taken by the Indian government to address the issue of the dual implications of malnutrition. India has the highest rates of underweight children worldwide. The Indian government has started several initiatives to address the issue of early childhood development. One such program with goals for nutrition intervention and early child development is called Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).
Method: It focuses on the helping hand given by ICDS in reducing malnutrition in children aged 0-5 years by comparing data from the National Family Health Survey rounds conducted in India during 2005-06 and 2015-16. The study utilizes several parameters to highlight the program contribution, such as the nutritional status of children, Anemia, immunization coverage, antenatal care, health care, and child mortality. It also highlights the main issues and challenges the policymakers face in implementing the ICDS program.
Results: ICDS program has significantly improved in providing services to the beneficiaries, including children aged 0-59 months and pregnant and lactating women.
Conclusion: Despite several positive changes in ICDS schemes, the program failed to deliver the services efficiently nationwide. It has great potential to contribute to child development, but several loopholes need to be channelized properly.
Warning, may cause truth decay: Exploring the cannibalizing effect of social digital media and conspiracy theories on democracy and our public schools
Authors: Bartlett Tara 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, I examine how forms of new media, or social and digital media (SDM), can serve as conduits of participatory democracy while, at the same time, perpetuate the cannibalization of a cornerstone of democracy: public schools. I discuss how this new era of unprecedented access to content creation and dissemination has opened spaces and opportunities to spread misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation (MDM) about public schooling. I trace how forms of SDM are being used to perpetuate the anti‐CRT movement, foster attacks on LGBTQ+ students, and exacerbate the villainizing and doxing of educators and leaders in public schools. I then discuss the role of critical media literacy in a democracy to combat these movements, and offer suggestions and provocations to address these cannibalistic campaigns against public schools.
The way forward: Adult educators combating mis/disinformation via formal and informal education
Authors: Wright Robin Redmon 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the academic field of adult education as it relates to critical media literacy, critical public pedagogy, social and civic activism, and higher education in this era many have labeled “post‐truth.” I ask readers to reconsider the traditional university tenure process and the academic publishing industry as outdated systems that indirectly support disinformation and misinformation by ignoring the impact of media on adult learning and participatory democracy. After discussing alternative methods for disseminating research and expertise, I close with thoughts on Paulo Freire's view of education as humanization in this time of technological domination.
Battling disinformation on the front lines of the pandemic: Physicians’ dual roles as healers and CML educators
Authors: Kalantari Annahieta , Kass Lawrence 
Published: June 2023

Abstract“I got the vaccine, and it gave me COVID!” said the elderly woman who was vaccinated the day prior to her emergency department visit. A woman in her 50s, sitting at the bedside of her husband who is profoundly short of breath and barely able to speak due to COVID, states that neither of them will ever get vaccinated because “We don't want a vaccine that's going to mess with our DNA.” Another younger patient who arrived after an accident and required the operating room for his fracture repair states “COVID‐19 doesn't exist. I refuse testing,” after being informed of the hospital policy to test all patients going to the operating room. These statements are just the tip‐of‐the‐iceberg in the battle between COVID misinformation and patient care. In this article, the authors will address the history of misinformation and the education theories behind them, link these theories to COVID misinformation, and provide strategies on how to dispel COVID misinformation in the front lines.
Three Potential Elements of Developing Nerve Guidance Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Chaoying , Gong Jiaxing , Zhang Jingyu , Zhu Ziyu , Qian Ying , Lu Kejie , Zhou Siyi , Gu Tianyi , Wang Huiming , He Yong , Yu Mengfei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAutograft replaced by a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) is challenging in peripheral nerve injury because current NGC is still limited by precise conductivity and excellent biocompatibility in vivo, which influences the peripheral nerve repair even for a long lesion gap repair. Several particular elements have the potential function for nerve conductivity acceleration based on the traditional three factors of neural tissue engineering. The review aims to address three questions: 1) What is the superior factor for nerve conduction in the application? 2) How can a more conductive regenerative scaffold be constructed in vivo? 3) What is the next step in nerve regeneration for NGC? The bibliometrics analysis of NGC‐related references is adopted to acquire that the conductive material, manufacturing technology of neural scaffold, and electrical stimulation (ES) play essential roles in the acceleration of nerve conduction. This review visually analyses the research status and summarizes the main types of conductive materials, the manufacturing technologies of neural scaffolds, and the characteristics of ES. The viewpoints and outlook of developing NGC are also discussed in this review. The proposed three elements are expected to improve the nerve conduction of NGC in vivo and even address the dilemma of long‐distance peripheral nerve injury.
Aquatic Diatoms‐Inspired Universal Adhesive Coacervates Triggered by Water
Authors: Sun Wen , Liu Tingwu , Zhang Xieli , Zhang Xu , Yan Qiuyan , Yin Jinghua , Luan Shifang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAdhesives with strong underwater adhesion performance are urgently needed in diverse areas. However, designing adhesives with long‐term stability to diverse materials underwater in a facile way is challenging. Here, inspired by aquatic diatoms, a series of novel biomimetic universal adhesives is reported that shows tunable performance with robust and long‐lasting stable underwater adhesion to various substrates, including wet biological tissues. The versatile and robust wet‐contact adhesives are pre‐polymerized by N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide, n‐butyl acrylate, and methylacrylic acid in dimethyl sulfoxide and spontaneously coacervated in water triggered by solvent exchange. The synergistic interaction between hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction allows the hydrogels with instant and strong adhesion to various substrate surfaces. The slowly formed covalent bonds enhance cohesion and adhesion strength in hours. The spatial and timescale‐dependent adhesion mechanism endows the adhesives with strong and long‐lasting stable underwater adhesion to be coupled with fault‐tolerant convenient surgical operations.
Optical Waveguides Fabricated via Femtosecond Direct Laser Writing: Processes, Materials, and Devices
Authors: Li Jiawei , Cao Chun , Qiu Yiwei , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAs the most fundamental unit of photonic integration, optical waveguides offer the possibility of developing efficient and practical photonic chips by facilitating the on‐chip integration of devices with different functions. Femtosecond direct laser writing (FsDLW), as a burgeoning 3D microfabrication technology, can realize the rapid formation of arbitrary optical waveguides without any mask inside versatile materials, such as crystalline dielectric crystals, glasses, polymers, and photoresists. This significant material‐independence allows FsDLW to combine different materials and manufacturing processes to implement a cross‐platform solution. This review first describes the different optical loss types and suitable measurement methods for different applicable scenes, then summarizes the two fabrication mechanisms and points out the general direction for adjusting the waveguide properties by fabrication processes. Finally, the application fields and development prospects of different materials are discussed by overviewing the characteristics of different materials and the material selection preferences of different devices. With a panoramic view of the development, it is concluded with insights and perspectives of the future development of optical waveguides and processing technology via FsDLW.
Hypervalent Halogen Compounds in Electrochemical Reactions: Advantages and Prospects
Authors: Winterson Bethan , Bhattacherjee Dhananjay , Wirth Thomas 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe clean and facile electrochemical synthesis of hypervalent iodine reagents is a fast growing field. In the past 5 years, a diverse number of reaction types have been established, from fluorinations, oxidative cyclizations, C−N and C−H couplings and oxidations. Electrochemistry is beneficial in terms of sustainability as the requirement for chemical oxidants is eliminated. This contributes to cleaner processes with limited by‐product waste. Often, the purification of iodine(III) compounds is simple, since electrolysis is performed in the absence stoichiometric oxidants. Significant breakthroughs have been made recently, including the first asymmetric application, electrocatalytic applications, and even the synthesis of bromine(III) reagents using similar methodologies.
Poor Cycling Performance of Rechargeable Lithium–Oxygen Batteries under Lean‐Electrolyte and High‐Areal‐Capacity Conditions: Role of Carbon Electrode Decomposition
Authors: Ono Manai , Saengkaew Jittraporn , Matsuda Shoichi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThere is growing demand for practical implementation of lithium–oxygen batteries (LOBs) due to their superior potential for achieving higher energy density than that of conventional lithium‐ion batteries. Although recent studies demonstrate the stable operation of 500 Wh kg−1‐class LOBs, their cycle life remains fancy. For further improving the cycle performance of LOBs, the complicated chemical degradation mechanism in LOBs must be elucidated. In particular, the quantitative contribution of each cell component to degradation phenomenon in LOBs under lean‐electrolyte and high‐areal‐capacity conditions should be clarified. In the present study, the mass balance of the positive‐electrode reaction in a LOB under lean‐electrolyte and high‐areal‐capacity conditions is quantitatively evaluated. The results reveal carbon electrode decomposition to be the critical factor that prevents the prolonged cycling of the LOB. Notably, the carbon electrode decomposition occur during charging at voltages higher than 3.8 V through the electrochemical decomposition of solid‐state side products. The findings of this study highlight the significance of improving the stability of the carbon electrode and/or forming Li2O2, which can decompose at voltages lower than 3.8 V, to realize high‐energy‐density LOBs with long cycle life.
Polythiophene Derivatives for Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: An Mingwei , Bai Qingqing , Jeong Sang Young , Ding Jianwei , Zhao Chaoyue , Liu Bin , Liang Qiming , Wang Yimei , Zhang Guangye , Woo Han Young , Qiu Xiaohui , Niu Li , Guo Xugang , Sun Huiliang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPolymerized small molecule acceptors have recently greatly facilitated the development of all‐polymer solar cells (All‐PSCs) with respect to the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, high‐performance and low‐cost polymer donors for All‐PSCs are still lacking, limiting further large‐scale manufacturing of All‐PSCs. Herein, this work designs and synthesizes a new thiophene derivative, FETVT, featuring vinyl‐bridged fluorine and ester‐substituted monothiophene. Incorporation of FETVT into a polymer yields a high‐performance polythiophene derivative PFETVT‐T, which exhibits deep‐lying HOMO level, suitable solution pre‐aggregation ability, finely‐tuned polymer crystallinity, and appropriate thermodynamic miscibility with the polymer acceptor L15. As a result, binary based on PFETVT‐T achieves a record PCE of 11.81% with agood stability, representing a breakthrough for polythiophenes and their derivatives‐based All‐PSCs, which is also significantly higher than that (1.92%) of All‐PSCs based on its isomerized analog. Remarkably, PFETVT‐T achieves an impressive PCE exceeding 16% via the implementation of a ternary blend design. These findings offer a hopeful pathway toward attaining high‐performance, stable, and cost‐effective PSCs.
Ambiguous genitalia, giant congenital melanocytic nevus and subpulmonic outlet ventricular septal defect in an African child with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Ekure Ekanem N. , Musa Kareem O. , Ulonnam Ngozi , Kruszka Paul , Muenke Maximilian , Adeyemo Adebowale A. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant multisystemic disease caused by mutation of the neurofibromin (NF1) gene located on chromosome 17q11. We report a case of Neurofibromatosis 1 with ambiguous genitalia, giant congenital melanocytic nevus, and associated subpulmonic outlet ventricular septal defect, hitherto unreported in sub‐Saharan Africa. In addition, a literature review of congenital heart diseases associated with Neurofibromatosis 1 is presented.
Chemoselective Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Benzylic Amines Driven by the TEtraQuinoline/FeCl2 Complex
Authors: Nishiwaki Mizuki , Xu Wei , Kumagai Naoya 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA chemoselective dehydrogenation protocol for benzylic amines catalyzed by the TEtraQuinoline (TEQ)/FeCl2 complex is described. In combination with 2 equiv of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, as little as 0.1 mol% of catalyst loading was sufficient to convert primary and secondary benzylic amines to the corresponding imines and dimerized imines, respectively. Subsequent hydrolysis of the imines allowed for removal of the benzyl group on the nitrogen atom. Nonaromatic carbon‐carbon multiple bonds and the O‐Bn group remained intact in the present protocol, providing a complementary deprotection procedure to reductive removal conditions exerted by Pd catalysis.
Alterations in Aquaporin‐4‐IgG Serostatus in 986 Patients: A Laboratory‐Based Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Majed Masoud , Valencia Sanchez Cristina , Bennett Jeffrey L. , Fryer James , Mulligan Martin D. , Redenbaugh Vyankya , McKeon Andrew , Mills John R. , Wingerchuk Dean M. , Lennon Vanda A. , Weinshenker Brian , Chen John J. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Pittock Sean J. , Kunchok Amy 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThis study was undertaken to investigate factors associated with aquaporin‐4 (AQP4)‐IgG serostatus change using a large serological database.MethodsThis retrospective study utilizes Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory data from 2007 to 2021. We included all patients with ≥2 AQP4‐IgG tests (by cell‐based assay). The frequency and clinical factors associated with serostatus change were evaluated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined whether age, sex, or initial titer was associated with serostatus change.ResultsThere were 933 patients who had ≥2 AQP4‐IgG tests with an initial positive result. Of those, 830 (89%) remained seropositive and 103 (11%) seroreverted to negative. Median interval to seroreversion was 1.2 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 0.4–3.5). Of those with sustained seropositivity, titers were stable in 92%. Seroreversion was associated with age ≤ 20 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09–4.63; p = 0.028) and low initial titer of ≤1:100 (OR = 11.44, 95% CI = 3.17–41.26, p < 0.001), and 5 had clinical attacks despite seroreversion. Among 62 retested after seroreversion, 50% returned to seropositive (median = 224 days, IQR = 160–371). An initial negative AQP4‐IgG test occurred in 9,308 patients. Of those, 99% remained seronegative and 53 (0.3%) seroconverted at a median interval of 0.76 years (IQR = 0.37–1.68).InterpretationAQP4‐IgG seropositivity usually persists over time with little change in titer. Seroreversion to negative is uncommon (11%) and associated with lower titers and younger age. Seroreversion was often transient, and attacks occasionally occurred despite prior seroreversion, suggesting it may not reliably reflect disease activity. Seroconversion to positive is rare (<1%), limiting the utility of repeat testing in seronegative patients unless clinical suspicion is high. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:727–735
Polymeric STING Pro‐agonists for Tumor‐Specific Sonodynamic Immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Jie , He Shasha , Zhang Chi , Xu Cheng , Huang Jingsheng , Xu Mengke , Pu Kanyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe efficacy of combination immunotherapy has been limited by tumor specificity and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). Herein, we report the development of polymeric STING pro‐agonists (PSPA), whose sono‐immunotherapeutic efficacy is activated by sono‐irradiation and elevated glutathione (GSH) within the tumor microenvironment (TME). PSPA is composed of sonosensitizers (semiconducting polymer) and STING agonists (MSA‐2) via the GSH‐activatable linkers. Under sono‐irradiation, PSPA serves as a sonosensitizer to generate 1O2 and induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of malignant tumor cells. Furthermore, MSA‐2 is released specifically in tumor microenvironment with highly expressed GSH, minimizing off‐target side effects. The activation of the STING pathway elevates the interferon‐β level and synergizes with SDT to enhance the anti‐tumor response. Therefore, this work proposes a universal approach for spatiotemporal regulation of cancer sono‐immunotherapy.
The Power of Kinetic Inertness in Improving Platinum Anticancer Therapy by Circumventing Resistance and Ameliorating Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Panda Tushar Ranjan , M Manikandan , Vaidya Shreyas P. , Chhatar Sushanta , Sinha Suman , Mehrotra Megha , Chakraborty Sourav , Gadre Shubhankar , Duari Prakash , Ray Pritha , Patra Malay 
Published: June 2023

AbstractEven in the modern era of precision medicine and immunotherapy, chemotherapy with platinum (Pt) drugs remains among the most commonly prescribed medications against a variety of cancers. Unfortunately, the broad applicability of these blockbuster Pt drugs is severely limited by intrinsic and/or acquired resistance, and high systemic toxicity. Considering the strong interconnection between kinetic lability and undesired shortcomings of clinical Pt drugs, we rationally designed kinetically inert organometallic Pt based anticancer agents with a novel mechanism of action. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that the development of a remarkably efficacious but kinetically inert Pt anticancer agent is feasible. Along with exerting promising antitumor efficacy in Pt‐sensitive as well as Pt‐resistant tumors in vivo, our best candidate has the ability to mitigate the nephrotoxicity issue associated with cisplatin. In addition to demonstrating, for the first time, the power of kinetic inertness in improving the therapeutic benefits of Pt based anticancer therapy, we describe the detailed mechanism of action of our best kinetically inert antitumor agent. This study will certainly pave the way for designing the next generation of anticancer drugs for effective treatment of various cancers.