bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State‐dependent risky choices in primates: Variation in energy budget does not affect tufted capuchin monkeys' (Sapajus spp.) risky choices
Authors: Ciacci Filippo , Mayerhoff Stella , De Petrillo Francesca , Gastaldi Serena , Brosnan Sarah Frances , Addessi Elsa 
Published: August 2023

AbstractEconomic models predict that rational decision makers' choices between a constant, “safe” option and a variable, “risky” option leading, on average, to the same payoff, should be random. However, a wealth of research has revealed that, when faced with risky decisions, both human and nonhuman animals deviate from economic rationality. According to the risk‐sensitivity theory, individuals should prefer a safe option when they are in a positive energy state and a risky option when they are in a negative energy state. The abundance/risk hypothesis proposes that individuals should prefer risky options when diet quality exceeds their nutritional requirements. We tested how energy budget affects decision making under risk by presenting 22 capuchins belonging to two colonies (IT: N = 12, US: N = 10) with a risky choice task. Capuchins had to choose between a constant option (always four food items) and a variable option (one or seven food items with a 50% probability) in two conditions. In the Low‐energy condition capuchins were tested before their main meal, whereas in the High‐energy condition they were tested following a high‐caloric meal. In neither colony did we find a significant difference between conditions, suggesting that the energy budget did not affect risk preferences. However, we found differences between colonies in their general response to risky choices: US capuchins were more risk‐prone after selecting a safe option than a risky option and after selecting a bad (one food item) than a good (seven food items) risky option, whereas this did not hold true in IT capuchins. Furthermore, in the IT colony, males were more risk‐prone under the High‐energy condition compared to the Low‐energy condition. Subtle differences in individual characteristics, management conditions, or stochastic founder effects may be implied, with relevant consequences for the outcomes of research on risky decision‐making across laboratories.
Terminally Chlorinated and Thiophene‐linked Acceptor‐Donor‐Acceptor Structured 3D Acceptors with Versatile Processability for High‐efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Kan Bin , Wang Peiran , Feng Wanying , Li Longyu , Zhang Shuchao , Chen Tianqi , Yang Yang , Duan Tainan , Yao Zhaoyang , Li Chenxi , Wan Xiangjian , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo exploit the potential of our newly developed three‐dimensional (3D) dimerized acceptors, a series of chlorinated 3D acceptors (namely CH8‐3/4/5) were reported by precisely tuning the position of chlorine (Cl) atom. The introduction of Cl atom in central unit affects the molecular conformation. Whereas, by replacing fluorinated terminal groups (CH8‐3) with chlorinated terminal groups (CH8‐4 and CH8‐5), the red‐shift absorption and enhanced crystallization are achieved. Benefiting from these, all devices received promising power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 16 % as well as decent thermal/photo‐stabilities. Among them, PM6:CH8‐4 based device yielded a best PCE of 17.58 %. Besides, the 3D merits with multi alkyl chains enable their versatile processability during the device preparation. Impressive PCEs of 17.27 % and 16.23 % could be achieved for non‐halogen solvent processable devices prepared in glovebox and ambient, respectively. 2.88 cm2 modules also obtained PCEs over 13 % via spin‐coating and blade‐coating methods, respectively. These results are among the best performance of dimerized acceptors. The decent performance of CH8‐4 on small‐area devices, modules and non‐halogen solvent‐processed devices highlights the versatile processing capability of our 3D acceptors, as well as their potential applications in the future.
Low‐cost and Non‐flammable Eutectic Electrolytes for Advanced Zn‐I2 Batteries
Authors: Hao Junnan , Yuan Libei , Zhu Yilong , Bai Xiaowan , Ye Chao , Jiao Yan , Qiao Shi‐Zhang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs a burgeoning electrolyte system, eutectic electrolytes based on ZnCl2/Zn(CF3SO3)2/Zn(TFSI)2 have been widely proposed in advanced Zn‐I2 batteries; however, safety and cost concerns significantly limit their applications. Here, we report new‐type ZnSO4‐based eutectic electrolytes that are both safe and cost‐effective. Their universality is evident in various solvents of polyhydric alcohols, in which multiple −OH groups not only involve in Zn2+ solvation but also interact with water, resulting in the high stability of electrolytes. Taking propylene glycol‐based hydrated eutectic electrolyte as an example, it features significant advantages in non‐flammability and low price that is <1/200 cost of Zn(CF3SO3)2/Zn(TFSI)2‐based eutectic electrolytes. Moreover, its effectiveness in confining the shuttle effects of I2 cathode and side reactions of Zn anodes is evidenced, resulting in Zn‐I2 cells with high reversibility at 1 C and 91.4 % capacity remaining under 20 C. After scaling up to the pouch cell with a record mass loading of 33.3 mg cm−2, super‐high‐capacity retention of 96.7 % is achieved after 500 cycles, which exceeds other aqueous counterparts. This work significantly broadens the eutectic electrolyte family for advanced Zn battery design.
Accelerating Ethanol Complete Electrooxidation via Introducing Ethylene as the Precursor for the C−C Bond Splitting
Authors: Chen Teng , Xu Shen , Zhao Taotao , Zhou Xiaohang , Hu Jianqiang , Xu Xin , Liang Chenjia , Liu Min , Ding Weiping 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe crucial issue restricting the application of direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) is the incomplete and sluggish electrooxidation of ethanol due to the chemically stable C−C bond thereof. Herein, a unique ethylene‐mediated pathway with a 100 % C1‐selectivity for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is proposed for the first time based on a well‐structured Pt/Al2O3@TiAl catalyst with cascade active sites. The electrochemical in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) analysis disclose that ethanol is primarily dehydrated on the surface of Al2O3@TiAl and the derived ethylene is further oxidized completely on nanostructured Pt. X‐ray absorption and density functional theory (DFT) studies disclose the Al component doped in Pt nanocrystals can promote the EOR kinetics by lowering the reaction energy barriers and eliminating the poisonous species. Strikingly, Pt/Al2O3@TiAl exhibits a specific activity of 3.83 mA cm−2Pt, 7.4 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C and superior long‐term durability.
The Lucigenin Assay: Measuring Anion Transport in Lipid Vesicles**
Authors: Chvojka Matúš , Singh Anurag , Cataldo Alessio , Torres‐Huerta Aaron , Konopka Marcin , Šindelář Vladimír , Valkenier Hennie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractSynthetic anion transporters are developed to transport anions across lipid membranes with the long‐term perspective of biological applications. The lucigenin assay is a popular tool to study their transport of chloride and other anions in liposomes. It relies on the quenching of the fluorescence of encapsulated lucigenin by anions, which can be monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy. This article provides a tutorial introduction to the practical use and understanding of the lucigenin assay. It describes in detail how to use this assay to monitor chloride/nitrate antiport in liposomes, process and interpret the data, and solve common issues. Variations of the assay enabling the investigation of the transport of other anions and transport mechanisms are discussed. Furthermore, a zwitterionic analogue of lucigenin is demonstrated to have advantages for use in experiments over longer time scales, as it does not leak out of the liposomes, or when studying chloride uniport, as it avoids interference from antiport with nitrate that is present in commercial lucigenin.
Various polymorphs of calcium carbonate and poly(ethylene) glycol as thermal energy storage materials
Authors: Ranjane Prathamesh , Deshpande Madhura , Kulkarni Prashant S. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study investigates, thermal properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and various polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as blends. The prepared calcite, aragonite, and vaterite forms of CaCO3 were confirmed by x‐ray diffraction (XRD). Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) revealed that, PEG‐calcite blend (composition 40/60 wt%), exhibited maximum enthalpy (112.9 ± 0.87 J/g). Aragonite and vaterite blends of similar composition displayed lower enthalpies (73.7 ± 0.61 J/g and 61.3 ± 0.75 J/g), which can be attributed to irregularities in crystal lattice and secondary interactions. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of PEG‐calcite revealed its impressive thermal stability, as blend was stable up to 423°C, higher than decomposition temperature of PEG. DSC analysis of PEG‐calcite after 50 cycles showcased excellent thermal reliability of blend, with enthalpy decreasing to only 108.5 ± 0.52 J/g. Stability of material was further supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), where position and shape of peaks were found to be intact, suggesting no new compound formation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) suggested strong adhesion and wrapping of PEG around calcite particles, facilitated by cross‐hydrogen bonding between carbonate group and PEG. PEG‐calcite blend exhibited high thermal conductivity (0.74 ± 0.05 W/mK), highlighting potential applications in thermal management systems.
Fish morphological and parasitological traits as ecological indicators of habitat quality in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon
Authors: Almeida David , Cruz Alejandra , Llinares Carla , Torralva Mar , Lantero Esther , Fletcher David H. , Oliva‐Paterna Francisco J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Coastal lagoons are key ‘transitional’ aquatic environments for biodiversity conservation. Ecological indicators are useful tools for the management of water resources in the European Union. Among different biological communities, fish are a very sensitive tool to assess environmental integrity. Indeed, their parasites can be used as complementary indicators of habitat quality. Yet there is still a deep lack of information on ecological assessment using fish (along with their parasites) for coastal lagoons, particularly for the Iberian Peninsula.
The aim of the present study was to assess the use of fish morphology and their parasite communities as ecological indicators of anthropogenic impact within the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain), a Mediterranean area of special conservation concern for European/Iberian biodiversity.
Fish samples (black‐striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster and marbled goby Pomatoschistus marmoratus) were collected in August 2022 from the Littoral (high level of nutrient enrichment) and Barrier habitats. Physical status (both external and internal indices), asymmetry (level of developmental instability), parasite load, diversity and life‐cycle complexity were compared between habitat types.
Body condition and mainly the health assessment index were better in the Barrier habitat. Except for pectoral fins in pipefish, the fluctuating asymmetry was statistically greater in the Littoral habitat (i.e. with eutrophication leading to poorer fish development). The parasite load was higher in the Littoral habitat for both host fish species. However, the diversity and life‐cycle complexity of parasite communities were statistically lower in the Barrier habitat (a structurally simpler environment) only for gobies.
This study demonstrates an elevated potential for certain fish morphological and parasitological traits to be considered as good ecological indicators of environmental health. This could help environmental managers and policy makers to design effective monitoring programmes to detect impacts within valuable areas for conservation, such as the Mar Menor coastal lagoon.
Disclosing an autism diagnosis: A social identity approach
Authors: Togher Katie , Jay Sarah 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAutistic people face a difficult dilemma around whether or not to disclose their diagnosis because autistic people are a stigmatized social group. The central aim of this study was to examine if a social identity approach could be useful in understanding the factors that predict the likelihood of autistic adults disclosing their autism diagnosis in social settings, in the workplace, in educational settings and in the family. The social identity approach predicts that autistic people may cope with this dilemma by using an individualistic strategy to distance themselves from their autistic social identity. Alternatively, they may embrace their autistic social identity and use a collective strategy to resist stigma and advocate for autistic people. We present a survey based cross‐sectional study (n = 175) with autistic adults living in Ireland. Participants completed a series of measures; autism social identification, stigma consciousness, and individualistic and collective strategy use to assess disclosing in the four settings. The overall models in each of the four regressions were significant. Autism social identification positively predicted disclosure in social, workplace and educational settings, while stigma consciousness negatively predicted disclosure in the family and in the workplace. Interestingly, over and above these predictors individualistic strategy use negatively predicted disclosure in each of the four settings, while collective strategy use positively predicted disclosure in social, educational and family settings. Our novel social identity approach was useful for explaining autistic adults' strategies to cope with the complex disclosure dilemma. Strengths, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.
Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of dinotefuran in an F1‐generation toxicity study in mice
Authors: Tanaka Toyohito , Suzuki Jin , Inomata Akiko 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundFew studies were found for neurobehavioral toxicity of dinotefuran in mammals. This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of dinotefuran exposure in mice.MethodsDinotefuran was given in the diet to provide levels of 0% (control), 0.015%, 0.03%, and 0.06% from 5 weeks of age of the F0 generation to 11 weeks of age of the F1 generation in mice. Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured.ResultsMovement time increased with a significant dose‐related trend, and the related variables of rearing time decreased in significant dose‐related trends in adult males in the F0 generation. Litter size and weight increased in significant dose‐related trends, and sex ratio decreased in a significant dose‐related trend. The average body weight of offspring increased in a significant dose‐related trend on postnatal day (PND) 21 in both sexes. In the olfactory orientation on PND 14 in female offspring, the time required lengthened in a significant dose‐related trend. In male offspring, total distance and the average speed decreased in significant dose‐related trends, and the average time of rearing, number of defecations, and frequencies of mice with urination increased in a significant dose‐related trend. In female offspring, the related variables of rearing increased in significant dose‐related trends. In spontaneous behavior of males, the parallel lines during the control and treatment groups indicated a significant distance in the number of horizontal activities.ConclusionsThe dose levels of dinotefuran in the present study produced several adverse effects on reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters in mice.
Clinical outcome of therapy‐related acute myeloid leukemia patients. Real‐life experience in a University Hospital and a Cancer Center in France
Authors: Belhabri Amine , Heiblig Mael , Morisset Stephane , Vila Liliana , Santana Clémence , Nicolas‐Virelizier Emmanuelle , Hayette Sandrine , Tigaud Isabelle , Plesa Adriana , Labussiere‐Wallet Hélène , Sobh Mohamad , Michallet Anne‐Sophie , Marie Balsat , Nicolini Franck‐Emmanuel , Guillermin Yann , Gaëlle Fossard , Lebras Laure , Rey Philippe , Jauffret‐Bertholon Lucie , Laude Marie‐Charlotte , Sandrine Loron , Michallet Mauricette 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundt‐AML occurs after a primary malignancy treatment and retains a poor prognosis.AimsTo determine the impact of primary malignancies, therapeutic strategies, and prognostic factors on clinical outcomes of t‐AML.ResultsA total of 112 adult patients were included in this study. Fifty‐Five patients received intensive chemotherapy (IC), 33 non‐IC, and 24 best supportive care. At t‐AML diagnosis, 42% and 44% of patients presented an unfavorable karyotype and unfavorable 2010 ELN risk profile, respectively. Among treated patients (n = 88), 43 (49%) achieved complete remission: four out of 33 (12%) and 39 out of 55 (71%) in non‐IC and IC groups, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 5.5 months, the median overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) for the whole population were 9 months and 6.3 months, respectively, and for the 88 treated patients 13.5 months and 8.2 months, respectively. Univariate analysis on OS and DFS showed a significant impact of high white blood cells (WBC) and blast counts at diagnosis, unfavorable karyotype and ELN classification. Multivariate analysis showed a negative impact of WBC count at diagnosis and a positive impact of chemotherapy on OS and DFS in the whole population. It also showed a negative impact of previous auto‐HCT and high WBC count on OS and DFS and of IC on OS in treated patients which disappeared when we considered only confounding variables (age, previous cancers, marrow blasts, and 2010 ELN classification). In a pair‐matched analysis comparing IC treated t‐AML with de novo AML, there was no difference of OS and DFS between the two populations.ConclusionWe showed, in this study that t‐AML patients with unfavorable features represented almost half of the population. Best outcomes obtained in patients receiving IC must be balanced by known confounding variables and should be improved by using new innovative agents and therapeutic strategies.
Genetically predicted childhood body mass index and lung cancer susceptibility: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wu Dongsheng , Zhou Jian , Huang Yuchen , Zheng Quan , Wang Tengyong , Liu Lunxu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe association between adult body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer (LC) susceptibility have been reported, but the causal relationship with childhood BMI remains largely unclear. To evaluate the causal effect of childhood BMI on LC susceptibility, a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed.MethodsThe two‐sample MR analysis utilized 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for childhood BMI. Genetic summary data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and FinnGen databases were analyzed to estimate the causal effect of these SNPs on LC susceptibility. The IVW method was employed as the primary analysis, supplemented by the Weighted Median, MR‐Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test.ResultsOur findings indicated that there was no causal association between childhood BMI and the susceptibility of LC (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–1.17, p = 0.705), lung adenocarcinoma (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86–1.13, p = 0.832), lung squamous cell carcinoma (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.84–1.13, p = 0.726), and small cell LC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.82–1.45, p = 0.554) based on the IVW as well as other methods employed. Furthermore, these findings indicated no causal effect of childhood BMI on the LC susceptibility in both ever smokers and never smokers.ConclusionThis study did not conclude a causal effect between childhood BMI and LC susceptibility. However, given the complex nature of cancer development, further studies are needed to verify these findings.
Solitary pulmonary metastases at first recurrence of osteosarcoma: Presentation, treatment, and survival of 219 patients of the Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group
Authors: Mettmann Vanessa L. , Baumhoer Daniel , Bielack Stefan S. , Blattmann Claudia , Friedel Godehard , von Kalle Thekla , Kager Leo , Kevric Matthias , Nathrath Michaela , Sorg Benjamin , Dürken Matthias , Hecker‐Nolting Stefanie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate patient and tumour characteristics, treatment and their impact on survival in patients with a solitary pulmonary metastasis at first relapse of high‐grade osteosarcoma.ProcedureTwo‐hundred and nineteen consecutive patients who had achieved a complete surgical remission and then developed a solitary pulmonary metastasis at first recurrence of high‐grade osteosarcoma were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTwo hundred and three (94.9%) of 214 patients achieved a second complete remission. After a median time from initial diagnosis of osteosarcoma to first relapse of 2.3 years (range, 0.3–18.8 years), actuarial post‐relapse overall survival after 2 and 5 years was 72.0% and 51.2%. Post‐relapse event‐free survival was 39.1% and 31.1%. Median follow‐up time was 3.2 years (range, 0.1–29.4 years). A longer time until first relapse and diagnosis due to imaging were positive prognostic factors in uni‐ and multivariate analyses, as were a second complete surgical remission and, in regard to death, the absence of a subsequent relapse. The use of salvage chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not associated with patient outcomes, nor was the surgical approach (thoracoscopy vs. thoracotomy) nor the exploration (uni‐ vs. bilateral).ConclusionApproximately half of the patients who experience a solitary pulmonary relapse at first recurrence of osteosarcoma remain alive 5 years after this first relapse. Only one third will remain disease‐free. A complete surgical resection of the lesion is essential for long‐term survival while relapse chemotherapy does not seem to improve survival. Innovative therapies are required to improve outcomes.
How can counselling training courses better prepare their trainee therapists to work with LGBTQ+ clients?
Authors: Carrington Michael , Sims Michael 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and training experiences of recently qualified, LGBTQ+ identifying therapists who work with sexuality and gender diverse clients, in order to discover ways in which counselling training organisations might better prepare their trainees to work competently with this particular client group.MethodOne‐to‐one, semistructured interviews with five therapists were conducted. Data collected from these interviews were subsequently analysed using the seven steps of interpretative phenomenological analysis.FindingsThe analysis revealed six superordinate themes: Enhance tutors' LGBTQ+ knowledge and cultural awareness; Provide students with adequate supervision; Teach a range of LGBTQ+ topics; Integrate LGBTQ cultural competence training throughout the curriculum; Invite LGBTQ+ specialists; and Signpost students to additional resources.ConclusionsParticipants felt unprepared by their entry‐level counselling training to work with LGBTQ+ clients. The perceived lack of LGBTQ+ knowledge and understanding of their tutors was regarded as a contributing factor to the limited time and depth of LGBTQ cultural competence training received. Several suggestions to improve training in this area were offered.RecommendationsEntry‐level counselling training courses should integrate LGBTQ cultural competence training throughout their curriculums in order to adequately prepare their trainees to work competently with LGBTQ+ clients. Additionally, it is important that counselling educators maintain their own LGBTQ+ knowledge, understanding and skills.