bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Social Interaction Intervention on the Elderly:A Systematic Review
Authors: Yoo Soo Yeon , Han Jung Min , Park Ji‐Hyuk 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundExercise or cognitive interventions have already been sufficiently provided to the elderly, and their effectiveness has been proven. However, interventions in the context of promoting social interaction have not been well‐implemented for the elderly, and few studies have considered the effectiveness of interaction mediation for the elderly. This study therefore sought to examine the effectiveness of interactive interventions by examining studies that provide interventions focusing on social interactions.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search spanning the period from 2013 to 2023, utilizing databases such as RISS, DBpia, Embase, and Web of Science. The primary search terms employed were (“elderly” OR “geriatric”) AND “social interaction” AND intervention.” Four carefully selected studies were subjected to detailed analysis.ResultAmong the four selected studies, three specifically evaluated cognitive function and confirmed the results. The interventions demonstrated a notable increase in both social interaction and cognitive function, coupled with a decrease in depression.ConclusionThis study examined interventions targeting social interaction among older adults. These findings serve as foundational data for designing effective social interaction interventions within the context of occupational therapy for the elderly.
Simple fully convolutional network to estimate Brain Age
Authors: Aithal Ninad , Sinha Neelam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundData‐driven methods, particularly deep learning, are transforming neuroimaging by accurately estimating Brain Age using diverse modalities. Discrepan‐ cies between predicted and actual age unveil potential health risks. Utilizing a training set of healthy subjects, a regression algorithm correlates brain features to age, allowing inference for unseen patients. Deviations, termed brain age delta, correlate with brain health. This Simple fully convolutional network (SFCN) model draws inspiration from the work of Peng H et al. and is trained on the openly available ADNI dataset.MethodWe trained the SFCN model on 908 MRI skull stripped and linearly registered MRI images using fsl belonging to Cognitively normal (CN) group, where each scan was of dimensions 1×91×109×91. The SFCN model has 7 blocks, The first five blocks extract features rapidly, reducing dimensions, and the sixth block introduces non‐linearity, while the final block functions as dense layers to capture the feature map. The model is trained with Mean Squared Error loss with Adam optimiser and early stopping.ResultThe dataset exhibited an age range from 56 to 96 years, with 71 being the mode. The model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.23 years on the validation set and 2.22 years on the test set, comparable to State‐of‐the‐ Art (SOTA) techniques. Applying the same model to Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) subjects, totaling 396, yielded a MAE of 6.89 years.ConclusionAccurate brain age prediction, revealing disparities between chronological age and brain age, serves as an early marker for diseases. This approach, showcasing a MAE of 2.22 years on T1‐weighted MRI images with minimal preprocessing, holds promise for precise brain age prediction, contributing to early disease detection and intervention.
Cognitive Impairment and Its Risk Factors Among South Asians Living in India: Findings from the P‐CARRS Cohort Study
Authors: Pai Rima , Kondal Dimple , Mohan Deepa , Komal Rani , Subramani Poongothai , Alladi Suvarna , Mohan Sailesh , Ali Mohammed K , Goldstein Felicia , Levey Allan I. , Tandon Nikhil , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Mohan V , KM Venkat Narayan , Jagannathan Ram 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundTo estimate the prevalence of cognitive impairment in a population‐based cohort from India and assess the potential modifiable factors of cognitive impairment.MethodWe used the population‐representative data from the longitudinal Precision‐CARRS study from Delhi and Chennai, India. The cohort was recruited in two waves, CARRS‐1 in 2010‐11 and CARRS‐2 in 2015‐16. We administered the Mini‐Cog screening test during the 7th follow‐up visit in CARRS‐1 and the 2nd follow‐up of the CARRS‐2 in participants over 50 years old. The Mini‐Cog test is a three‐minute screening instrument that consists of two components: a three‐item recall test for memory and a clock drawing test that yields high sensitivity and specificity for detecting cognitive impairment. In models accounting for age, we tested the association between seven hypothesized modifiable risk factors (education level, tobacco use, alcohol use, sleep duration, fruit and vegetable daily intake, presence of moderate to severe depression, type 2 diabetes, and high blood pressure) and cognitive impairment (Mini‐Cog ≤2 points/5 total points).ResultA total of 5,711 participants (mean age: 61.0 years; female: 59%) with the Mini‐Cog screening test were included in the analysis. Twenty‐five percent (female: 28.3%; men: 22.7%) of the participants showed indications of cognitive impairment on the Mini‐Cog. We identified an association between higher education levels and lower alcohol intake being linked to a lower risk of cognitive impairment. Additionally, higher tobacco use was directly associated with a greater risk of cognitive impairment. In sex‐stratified analysis, we observed that higher education attainment was protective against cognitive impairment in both men and women. Moreover, tobacco use was specifically associated with cognitive impairment in men, while higher fruit and vegetable intake exerted a protective effect against cognitive impairment only in females (Table).ConclusionOver a quarter of the P‐CARRS study participants presented with cognitive impairment. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the association of risk factor control with improving cognitive function, particularly in populations and regions where dementia prevalence is projected to increase, such as in South Asia.
Exploring the Influence of Loneliness on Cognitive Decline: Differential Effects in White and Black Older Adults
Authors: Lin Quinn , Dadar Mahsa , Oliver Michael , Morrison Cassandra 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 25% of adults 65+ are socially isolated. Social isolation (i.e., loneliness), or the perceived absence of an available and acceptable social network, may be associated with increased cognitive decline. However, there is a limited understanding of how social isolation influences cognitive decline and if this relationship differs as a function of race.MethodsA total of 3,082 participants (n = 1943 Whites, n = 1139 Blacks) with 20,882 follow‐ups over 10 years were included from the RUSH database. Participants completed the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale and were identified as having either high or low loneliness using a median split of perceived social isolation. Participants were then divided into one of four groups based on race (White vs Black) and loneliness (High vs Low): 1) White‐High (n = 1030), 2) White‐Low (n = 913), 3) Black‐High (n = 493), 4) Black‐Low (n = 646). Linear mixed‐effects models examined group differences in cognitive change over time (global cognition, episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial ability, and working memory).ResultsWhite adults with high loneliness exhibited increased rates of cognitive change compared to low and high loneliness Black adults in all domains (p<.01). Compared to White adults with low loneliness, Whites with high loneliness exhibited increased decline in all domains except processing speed and visuospatial ability (p<.001). Black adults with high loneliness exhibited increased decline compared to Black adults with low loneliness in all domains (p<.01).ConclusionOur study reveals a robust association between loneliness and cognitive decline in older adults, with White individuals experiencing a more pronounced impact than their Black counterparts. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address loneliness, particularly among White older adults, to mitigate cognitive decline and promote healthy aging.
Widespread neurite degeneration in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease revealed using advanced diffusion MRI
Authors: Laporte John P , Gong Zhaoyuan , Guo Alex , Bae Jonghyun , Faulkner Mary E , Bouhrara Mustapha 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundNeurite degeneration is increasingly suspected to represent a causal feature of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, sensitive and specific imaging biomarkers of neuronal degeneration are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cognitive impairment in MCI and AD. However, the recently developed Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) MRI technique, used to measure the neurite density index (NDI), has some limitations. To address these, we have introduced the constrained NODDI (C‐NODDI) analysis providing more accurate determination of NDI (PMC10435293). Here, we investigated neurite degeneration in MCI and AD using C‐NODDI and compared the results to those derived using NODDI.MethodsWe obtained Multi‐shell diffusion MR images from the ADNI study (Table 1) and calculated NDI using NODDI or C‐NODDI. We conducted a voxelwise two‐sample t‐test to compare NDI of control vs. AD, control vs. MCI, and MCI vs. AD groups. Further, we assessed the regional associations between NDI and overall cognition as measured using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (dependent variable), controlling for age and sex. All continuous variables were Z‐scored.ResultsThe AD group exhibited significantly lower NDI values as compared to control, with C‐NODDI exhibiting greater sensitivity in capturing regional NDI variations as compared to NODDI (Figure 1). Further, unlike NODDI, C‐NODDI was capable of detecting subtitle differences in NDI between control and MCI and between MCI and AD (Figure 1). Interestingly, NODDI exhibited higher NDI values in MCI or AD as compared to control in several brain regions (Figure 1), a physiologically implausible result that C‐NODDI corrected. Additionally, the associations between MMSE and NDI derived using C‐NODDI were significant in several white matter regions, with higher NDI values corresponding to expected higher MMSE scores (Figure 2). NODDI has failed to capture this anticipated association.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of widespread neuronal degeneration in MCI and AD. Importantly, our results highlight the superior sensitivity of C‐NODDI analysis in detecting these differences in neurite density as compared to NODDI, making it a potent MRI method for clinical investigations and trials studying neuronal degeneration in aging and age‐related diseases.
The effectiveness of a personalised multidomain lifestyle intervention programme to slow cognitive decline: study protocol for a series of randomised open‐label N‐of‐1 trials
Authors: Chong Wayne Freeman , Kandiah Nagaendran , Azam Mohammed Adnan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundMultidomain lifestyle interventions for dementia risk reduction have been developed and trialled because reversible lifestyle factors have been shown to contribute to the onset and progression of dementia. A recent review and meta‐analysis confirmed small beneficial effects of such interventions on cognitive performance. To enhance the effectiveness of these interventions, we have developed and incorporated personalisation approaches. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a personalised multidomain lifestyle intervention programme in slowing cognitive decline.MethodA series of randomised open‐label trials in a single research participant (N‐of‐1 trials) will be conducted with 100 participants who are 50 years and over, and with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). These participants will be recruited from an ongoing panel study that evaluates global and specific cognition, demographic, behavioural and vascular risk characteristics, lifestyle habits, blood‐based biomarkers and brain structure, among community dwelling Singapore residents. With a multiple baseline design situated within a 12‐week period, the baseline duration for each participant will vary systematically and randomly (Figure A). Baseline measurements should appear stable before each participant starts the intervention. The intervention is a 24‐week programme in which a study clinician reviews available baseline data, discloses the MCI and CSVD classification, provides standard cognitive health education electronically, communicates a dementia risk score via the use of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia Risk Score App, discusses and recommends lifestyle activities involving some combination of a tailored exercise regimen, gamified digital cognitive activities, and nutritional guidance, with intensity personalized according to the baseline vascular risk characteristics and CSVD burden of each participant, and provides behavioural counselling utilising cognitive‐behavioural and motivational strategies. Adherence to the lifestyle activities will be assessed fortnightly using wearable trackers, in‐game cognitive assessments, and a digital food diary respectively.ResultGlobal cognition at 24 weeks and at 1‐, 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up will be compared with baseline global cognition for each participant. Data aggregation could uncover response characteristics across individuals (Figure B).ConclusionMeta‐analyses would provide high quality evidence of the intervention’s effectiveness at the individual and the population levels.
Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers/ imaging findings in patient with amyloid‐negative dementia ∼second report∼
Authors: Takenoshita Naoto , Inagawa Shoya , Yamamoto Ryo , Hanyu Haruo , Kasuga Kensaku , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Ishii Kenji , Shimizu Soichiro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn daily clinical practice, we often encounter cases with atypical symptoms and imaging findings, even among those diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Amyloid PET and cerebrospinal fluid examinations were performed in such non‐typical cases and young cases.MethodA total of 85 patients underwent both amyloid PET and cerebrospinal fluid examinations. The amyloid PET results were divided into two groups, amyloid‐positive group (n=43) and amyloid‐negative group (n=42) based on the visual judgment criteria of Japanese‐ADNI. Neuropsychological tests, MRI findings, cerebral blood flow SPECT findings, and cerebrospinal fluid findings were compared between the two groups.ResultCSF findings showed significant differences in Aβ42, Aβ42/40 and P‐tau between the two groups. MRI findings showed no significant differences in medial temporal lobe atrophy and cerebral white matter lesion between the two groups. Cerebral blood flow SPECT findings showed a significant difference in decreased blood flow in the right parietal lobe and bilateral precuneus between the two group.ConclusionIn dementia patients with atypical clinical symptoms/imaging findings, cerebrospinal fluid findings and decreased blood flow in the right parietal lobe and bilateral precuneus are used to investigate whether amyloid is involved in the background pathology.
Policy & Organizational Factors that Affect the Utilization of Health Services for Alzheimer’s Disease Among the Latinx Community – The Primary Care Provider Perspective
Authors: Pinzon Maria C Mora , Garcia Diana C Martinez , Perales Jaime 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundLatinx individuals bear a disproportionate burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), with higher risk, underdiagnosis, and limited access to quality care. Primary care providers (PCPs) are crucial for early detection and management, yet organizational and policy factors significantly impact their ability to provide culturally competent and equitable ADRD care for this community. This study explores PCP perspectives to inform the development of accessible models that improve early diagnosis, preventive care, and quality of life for Latinx individuals with ADRD.MethodsQualitative interviews with 23 diverse PCPs across the USA (via videoconference or phone) were analyzed using thematic analysis. Snowball sampling and rigorous data reduction techniques ensured robust findings.ResultsKey themes emerged highlighting the interplay of organizational and policy factors: 1) Policy Constraints: Insurance eligibility and care options for those uninsured were foremost, with mandated language services facing access and quality challenges that affected the ability of clinicians to perform an accurate diagnosis. 2) Resource‐Dependent Care: Staffing and available resources dictated the type of care offered, leading to inconsistent protocols and options. Providers referred that work‐up was usually limited to referral to specialty care or ruling out other causes, and this was influenced by their level of training, time availability, and comfort. 3) Comprehensive assessments that include evaluation of their home and social environment, while recognized as crucial, were limited by appointment constraints and lack of follow‐up resources. 4) Family Involvement was critical in the diagnosis process, and some PCPs recognized the importance of educating families in the disease process and care needs.ConclusionEconomic and organizational factors, including insurance, costs, staffing models, and resource navigation, shape PCPs' ability to deliver culturally competent and equitable ADRD care. Future interventions should address these barriers through: Training of PCPs in diagnostic procedures in Latinx communities, developing accessible service models and culturally appropriate diagnostic tools, and utilizing PCPs' trusted position to promote early diagnosis and preventive care.
Altered Effective Connectivity Patterns in Low‐Gamma Band for MCI Patients in a Motion Detection Task
Authors: Renli Alina Brighty , Sun Boxin , Gu Ming , Deng Jinxian , Kavcic Voyko , Li Tongtong , Giordani Bruno ,   Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundChanges in effective connectivity, which represents the directed connectivity or information flow from one brain region to the other, have been proposed to underlie mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. The present study explores possible differences in brain effective connectivity between persons with normal cognition (NC) and patients with MCI.MethodOur research focuses on task‐based EEG (64‐channel) acquired at Wayne State University, where participants were asked to perform a motion direction discrimination task. The current dataset includes 56 consensus‐diagnosed, community‐dwelling African Americans with subjective cognitive complaints (ages 60‐90 years, 28 NC and 28 MCI) recruited through the Wayne State Institute of Gerontology and Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center.We evaluated the effective connectivity at different time periods of the motion‐detection task across all the possible EEG region pairs using causalized convergent cross‐mapping (cCCM) of the current source density. For each task trial, the successive time periods being examined included: (I) stimulus onset to Go/No‐Go indication, (II) Go (or No‐Go) indication to motion‐stop, and (III) the button‐press period.ResultOur analysis indicated that MCI patients showed increased bidirectional effective connectivity in low‐gamma band (30‐48Hz) over MP (medial parietal)—Occ (occipital) and MP—MC (medial central) pairs in all the time periods during the motion task.ConclusionAltered effective connectivity measures in low‐gamma band may reflect compensatory brain activity among older individuals with MCI as they struggle to achieve comparable behavioral results to NC during the motion direction discrimination task. While effective connectivity may be decreased for MCI across certain region pairs (see Figures), a significant increase in effective connectivity in some other region pairs may be an indicator associated with AD and MCI pathology.Funding: NSF‐2032709/Li; NIH‐1R21AG046637‐01A1/Kavcic; NIH‐1R01AG054484‐01A1/Kavcic; NIH‐P30AG072931/Paulson and NIH‐P30AG024824/Yung.
Association between long‐term Environmental Enrichment and Memory‐Related Functional Brain Activity in the DELCODE cohort
Authors: Hass Simon , Soch Joram , Kizilirmak Jasmin , Liebscher Maxie , Düzel Emrah , Fliessbach Klaus , Jessen Frank , Laske Christoph , Peters Oliver , Priller Josef , Roeske Sandra , Schneider Anja , Schuetze Hartmut , Spottke Annika , Teipel Stefan , Wagner Michael , Wiltfang Jens , Gloeckner Franka , Schott Björn H. , Wirth Miranka , Klimecki Olga M. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental factors account for a considerable percentage of dementia cases. Studies in animal models have shown that environmental enrichment (EE; i.e., stimuli‐rich housing conditions) has positive effects on brain structure, including the memory system. In humans, EE as measured by the engagement in a variety of leisure activities has been associated with better fornix structure and memory (Klimecki et al., 2023). We assessed whether long‐term EE (in terms of engagement in diverse leisure activities) is related to functional brain activity in the memory system of older adults.MethodsWe operationalized individual EE in 372 older participants aged between 60 and 87 years of the DZNE Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (DELCODE) study. We used subscales of the Lifetime of Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ; Valenzuela & Sachdev, 2007) that capture the frequency of engagement in diverse leisure activities in young adulthood and middle life (13‐30 and 30‐65 years). Memory‐related brain activity was assessed using individual FADE‐SAME scores in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm on visual memory encoding and recognition. The scores capture the similarity of older adults’ brain activity patterns with typical activations of younger adults’ (Soch et al., 2021). We performed multiple regression analyses between long‐term EE as independent variable and FADE‐SAME scores related to novelty processing and subsequent memory as dependent variables.ResultLong‐term EE was significantly associated with novelty‐based SAME scores. More specifically, older participants with higher EE in early and middle life showed a higher similarity of functional brain activity patterns during novelty processing with the patterns seen in younger adults (see Figure 1). Exploratory subgroup analysis showed that this association was predominantly found in participants with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD, n = 199). No other significant findings were obtained.ConclusionEngagement in a variety of leisure activities during early and middle life is related to more “youth‐like” memory‐related brain activity patterns in older adults, including older individuals at increased risk of AD. Higher EE during early life might contribute to preservation or promotion of memory functions in later life.