bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accurate systemic redshifts and outflow speeds for extremely red quasars (ERQs)
Authors: Gillette Jarred , Hamann Fred , Lau Marie Wingyee , Perrotta Serena 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Extremely Red Quasars (ERQs) are thought to represent a brief episode of young quasar and galactic evolution characterized by rapid outflows and obscured growth due to dusty environments. We use new redshift measurements from CO and narrow Ly α emission-lines to better constrain outflow velocities from previous line measurements. We present sample of 82 ERQs, and the analysis confirms that ERQs have a higher incidence of large C iv blueshifts, accompanied by large Rest Equivalent Width (REW) and narrower line Full Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) than blue quasars. We find that strong blueshifts (&gt;2000 km s−1) are present in 12/54 (22.2 per cent) of ERQs with the most robust redshift indicators. At least 4 out of 15 ERQs in the sample also have blueshifts in their H β and low-ionization ultraviolet lines ranging from −500 to −1500 km s−1. ERQs with strong C iv blueshifts are substantially offset in C iv REW and FWHM from typical blue quasars in the same velocity range. ERQs have average values of REW = 124 Å and FWHM = 5274 km s−1, while blue quasars have REW = 24 Å and FWHM = 6973 km s−1. The extreme nature of the outflows in ERQs might explain some of their other spectral properties, such as the large C iv REWs and peculiar wingless profiles owing to more extended broad-line regions participating in outflows. The physical reasons for the extreme outflow properties of ERQs are unclear; however, larger Eddington ratios and/or softer ionizing spectra incident on the outflow gas cannot be ruled out.
Chemical abundances of the young inner-disc open cluster NGC 6705 observed by APOGEE: sodium-rich and not α-enhanced
Authors: Loaiza-Tacuri V , Cunha K , Souto D , Smith V V , Guerço R , Chiappini C , Sales-Silva J V , Horta D , Prieto C Allende , Beaton R , Bizyaev D , Daflon S , Frinchaboy P , Hasselquist S , Hayes C R , Holtzman J A , Jönsson H , Majewski S R , Mészáros S , Nidever D L , Pinsonneault M , Zasowski G 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Previous results in the literature have found the young inner-disc open cluster NGC 6705 to be mildly α-enhanced. We examined this possibility via an independent chemical abundance analysis for 11 red-giant members of NGC 6705. The analysis is based on near-infrared APOGEE spectra and relies on LTE calculations using spherical model atmospheres and radiative transfer. We find a mean cluster metallicity of $\rm [Fe/H] = +0.13 \pm 0.04$, indicating that NGC 6705 is metal-rich, as may be expected for a young inner-disc cluster. The mean α-element abundance relative to iron is $\rm \langle [\alpha /Fe]\rangle =-0.03 \pm 0.05$, which is not at odds with expectations from general Galactic abundance trends. NGC 6705 also provides important probes for studying stellar mixing, given its turn-off mass of M ∼ 3.3 M⊙. Its red giants have low 12C abundances ([12C/Fe] = −0.16) and enhanced 14N abundances ([14N/Fe] = +0.51), which are key signatures of the first dredge-up on the red giant branch. An additional signature of dredge-up was found in the Na abundances, which are enhanced by [Na/Fe] = +0.29, with a very small non-LTE correction. The 16O and Al abundances are found to be near-solar. All of the derived mixing-sensitive abundances are in agreement with stellar models of approximately 3.3 M⊙ evolving along the red giant branch and onto the red clump. As found in young open clusters with similar metallicities, NGC 6705 exhibits a mild excess in the s-process element cerium with $\rm [Ce/Fe] = +0.13\pm 0.07$.
A kinetic study of black hole activation by local plasma injection into the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Niv Idan , Bromberg Omer , Levinson Amir , Cerutti Benoit , Crinquand Benjamin 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
An issue of considerable interest in the theory of jet formation by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism, is how plasma is being supplied to the magnetosphere to maintain force-free conditions. Injection of electron–positron pairs via annihilation of MeV photons, emitted from a hot accretion flow, has been shown to be a viable possibility, but requires high enough accretion rates. At low accretion rates, and in the absence of any other form of plasma supply, the magnetosphere becomes charge-starved, forming intermittent spark gaps that can induce intense pair-cascades via interactions with disc radiation, enabling outflow formation. It is often speculated that enough plasma can penetrate the inner magnetosphere from the accretion flow through some rearrangement of magnetic field lines preventing the formation of spark-gaps. To address this question, we conducted a suite of 2D axisymmetric general-relativistic particle-in-cell simulations, in which plasma is injected into specified regions at a predescribed rate. We find that when pair-production is switched off, nearly complete screening is achieved when plasma is injected at the entire region inside the outer light cylinder at a high enough rate. Injection outside this region results in either, the formation of large vacuum-gaps, or coherent, large-amplitude oscillations of the magnetosphere, depending on the injection rate. Within our allowed dynamical range, we see no evidence for the system to reach a steady-state at high injection rates. Switching on pair-production results in nearly complete screening of the entire magnetosphere in all cases, with a small fraction of the Blandford–Znajek power dissipated as TeV gamma-rays.
The role of groups in galaxy evolution: compelling evidence of pre-processing out to the turnaround radius of clusters
Authors: Lopes Paulo A A , Ribeiro André L B , Brambila Douglas 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
We present clear and direct evidence of the pre-processing effect of group galaxies falling into clusters in the local Universe (z ≲ 0.1). We start with a sample of 238 clusters, from which we select 153 with N200 ≥ 20. We considered 1641 groups within the turnaround radius (∼5 × R200) of these 153 clusters. There are 6654 individual cluster galaxies and 4133 group galaxies within this radius. We considered two control samples of galaxies, in isolated groups and in the field. The former comprises 2601 galaxies within 1606 isolated groups, and the latter has 4273 field objects. The fraction of star-forming galaxies in infalling groups has a distinct clustercentric behaviour in comparison to the remaining cluster galaxies. Even at 5 × R200 the group galaxies already show a reduced fraction of star-forming objects. At this radius, the results for the individual cluster galaxies are actually compatible with the field. That is strong evidence that the group environment is effective to quench the star formation prior to the cluster arrival. The group star-forming fraction remains roughly constant inwards, decreasing significantly only within the cluster R200 radius. We have also found that the pre-processing effect depends on the group mass (indicated by the number of members). The effect is larger for more massive groups. However, it is significant even for pairs and triplets. Finally, we find evidence that the time-scale required for morphological transformation is larger than the one for quenching.
Dynamic elementomics of single-cell ICP–MS-derived signals in normal and calcium pump PMCA4-deficient mouse epididymal sperm during capacitation
Authors: Zhang Bao Li , Zhang Ze Peng , Shi Su Meng , Shi Hui Juan , DeLeon Patricia A , Shum Winnie 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
Currently, clinical analysis of male infertility mainly relies on parameters of semen and sperm cells. However, the high diagnostic failure rates indicate that the current assessment methods are not sufficient and a new approach to evaluating sperm function still needs to be developed. Here we explored the feasibility of single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sc-ICP–MS)-derived profiles to determine the elemental characteristics in viable capacitated sperm under normal and deficient conditions. To validate the measurements, we used male sterile Pmca4-knockout (KO) mice with impaired calcium clearance, known to be dysregulated due to loss of calcium efflux capacity during sperm capacitation. Consistently, we observed significantly increased calcium intensities in Pmca4-KO sperm upon capacitation stimulation compared with control sperm from the caudaepididymides of wild-type control (WT) mice. More importantly, we explored that the characteristic signatures of calcium intensities in individual spikes derived from sc-ICP–MS was consistent with the dynamics of relative calcium levels in single sperm reported in the literature. Prominent alterations were also observed in the dynamic signatures of sc-ICP–MS-derived profiles of essential elements, particularly the redox-labile elements including copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc in Pmca4-KO sperm compared to WT controls. Therefore, our study demonstrates that elementomics of sc-ICP–MS-derived signals can reveal ionic dysregulation in plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 4 protein deficient sperm, and that sc-ICP–MS assay can be applied for functional analysis of viable sperm in functional activities, such as capacitation stimulation. We propose that cell elementomics can be used as an alternative approach to assessing sperm quality and male fertility at the single-cell level.
Learning from the unknown: exploring the range of bacterial functionality
Authors: Mahlich Yannick , Zhu Chengsheng , Chung Henri , Velaga Pavan K , De Paolis Kaluza M Clara , Radivojac Predrag , Friedberg Iddo , Bromberg Yana 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Determining the repertoire of a microbe's molecular functions is a central question in microbial biology. Modern techniques achieve this goal by comparing microbial genetic material against reference databases of functionally annotated genes/proteins or known taxonomic markers such as 16S rRNA. Here, we describe a novel approach to exploring bacterial functional repertoires without reference databases. Our Fusion scheme establishes functional relationships between bacteria and assigns organisms to Fusion-taxa that differ from otherwise defined taxonomic clades. Three key findings of our work stand out. First, bacterial functional comparisons outperform marker genes in assigning taxonomic clades. Fusion profiles are also better for this task than other functional annotation schemes. Second, Fusion-taxa are robust to addition of novel organisms and are, arguably, able to capture the environment-driven bacterial diversity. Finally, our alignment-free nucleic acid-based Siamese Neural Network model, created using Fusion functions, enables finding shared functionality of very distant, possibly structurally different, microbial homologs. Our work can thus help annotate functional repertoires of bacterial organisms and further guide our understanding of microbial communities.
Withdrawal of bevacizumab is associated with rebound growth of vestibular schwannomas in neurofibromatosis type 2-related schwannomatosis patients
Authors: Webb M J , Neth Bryan J , Webb Lauren M , Van Gompel Jamie J , Link Michael J , Neff Brian A , Carlson Matthew L , Driscoll Colin L , Dornhoffer Jim , Ruff Michael W , Anderson Kelsey A , Kizilbash Sani H , Campian Jian L , Uhm Joon H , Lane Jack I , Benson John C , Blezek Daniel J , Mehta Parv M , Bathla Girish , Sener Ugur T 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related schwannomatosis is an autosomal dominant tumor-predisposition syndrome characterized by bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). In patients with VS associated with NF2, vascular endothelial growth factor A inhibitor, bevacizumab, is a systemic treatment option. The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate NF2 patient responses to bevacizumab on VS growth and symptom progression.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of patients seen at the Mayo Clinic Rochester Multidisciplinary NF2 Clinic.

Results
Out of 76 patients with NF2 evaluated between 2020 and 2022, we identified 19 that received treatment with bevacizumab. Thirteen of these patients discontinued bevacizumab after median treatment duration of 12.2 months. The remaining 6 patients are currently receiving bevacizumab treatment for a median duration of 9.4 months as of March, 2023. Fifteen patients had evaluable brain MRI data, which demonstrated partial responses in 5 patients, stable disease in 8, and progression in 2. Within 6 months of bevacizumab discontinuation, 5 patients had rebound growth of their VS greater than 20% from their previous tumor volume, while 3 did not. Three patients with rebound growth went on to have surgery or irradiation for VS management.

Conclusions
Our single-institution experience confirms prior studies that bevacizumab can control progression of VS and symptoms associated with VS growth. However, we note that there is the potential for rapid VS growth following bevacizumab discontinuation, for which we propose heightened surveillance imaging and symptom monitoring for at least 6 months upon stopping anti-VEGF therapy.
NUTMEG: A randomized phase II study of nivolumab and temozolomide versus temozolomide alone in newly diagnosed older patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Sim Hao-Wen , Wachsmuth Luke , Barnes Elizabeth H , Yip Sonia , Koh Eng-Siew , Hall Merryn , Jennens Ross , Ashley David M , Verhaak Roel G , Heimberger Amy B , Rosenthal Mark A , Hovey Elizabeth J , Ellingson Benjamin M , Tognela Annette , Gan Hui K , Wheeler Helen , Back Michael , McDonald Kerrie L , Long Anne , Cuff Katharine , Begbie Stephen , Gedye Craig , Mislang Anna , Le Hien , Johnson Margaret O , Kong Benjamin Y , Simes John R , Lwin Zarnie , Khasraw Mustafa 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Background
There is an immunologic rationale to evaluate immunotherapy in the older glioblastoma population, who have been underrepresented in prior trials. The NUTMEG study evaluated the combination of nivolumab and temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma aged 65 years and older.

Methods
NUTMEG was a multicenter 2:1 randomized phase II trial for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma aged 65 years and older. The experimental arm consisted of hypofractionated chemoradiation with temozolomide, then adjuvant nivolumab and temozolomide. The standard arm consisted of hypofractionated chemoradiation with temozolomide, then adjuvant temozolomide. The primary objective was to improve overall survival (OS) in the experimental arm.

Results
A total of 103 participants were randomized, with 69 in the experimental arm and 34 in the standard arm. The median (range) age was 73 (65–88) years. After 37 months of follow-up, the median OS was 11.6 months (95% CI, 9.7–13.4) in the experimental arm and 11.8 months (95% CI, 8.3–14.8) in the standard arm. For the experimental arm relative to the standard arm, the OS hazard ratio was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.54–1.33). In the experimental arm, there were three grade 3 immune-related adverse events which resolved, with no unexpected serious adverse events.

Conclusions
Due to insufficient evidence of benefit with nivolumab, the decision was made not to transition to a phase III trial. No new safety signals were identified with nivolumab. This complements the existing series of immunotherapy trials. Research is needed to identify biomarkers and new strategies including combinations.
Mass extinctions, their causes and consequences: an interview with Douglas H. Erwin and Shuzhong Shen
Authors: Xie Shucheng 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
‘Mass extinctions’ have been a hot topic for several decades. What triggers a mass extinction? How does a mass extinction impact the evolution of life? How does our ecosystem recover after a mass extinction? These questions attracted the interest of both scientists and the public alike. NSR spoke to two renowned researchers in the field of mass extinctions: Prof. Douglas H. Erwin from the National Museum of Natural History of the USA, and Prof. Shuzhong Shen from Nanjing University, China. Prof. Erwin has been interested in the end-Permian mass extinction since graduate school. He has worked on a variety of problems, from Permian gastropod systematics to the origin of animals. Currently his work focuses on the nature of evolutionary novelty and innovation. Prof. Shen's research career is centered upon the end-Permian mass extinction, Permian stratigraphy and global correlations, with taxonomic expertise on brachiopods and conodonts. The International Commission on Stratigraphy recognizes his outstanding singular contribution to stratigraphy and awarded him the ICS Stratigraphy Medal in 2019.
Challenges and approaches of single-crystal Ni-rich layered cathodes in lithium batteries
Authors: Hu Jiangtao , Wang Hongbin , Xiao Biwei , Liu Pei , Huang Tao , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhang Qianling , Liu Jianhong , Ouyang Xiaoping , Sun Xueliang 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACT
High energy density and high safety are incompatible with each other in a lithium battery, which challenges today's energy storage and power applications. Ni-rich layered transition metal oxides (NMCs) have been identified as the primary cathode candidate for powering next-generation electric vehicles and have been extensively studied in the last two decades, leading to the fast growth of their market share, including both polycrystalline and single-crystal NMC cathodes. Single-crystal NMCs appear to be superior to polycrystalline NMCs, especially at low Ni content (≤60%). However, Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes experience even faster capacity decay than polycrystalline NMC cathodes, rendering them unsuitable for practical application. Accordingly, this work will systematically review the attenuation mechanism of single-crystal NMCs and generate fresh insights into valuable research pathways. This perspective will provide a direction for the development of Ni-rich single-crystal NMC cathodes.
Breast Cancer-Related Financial Toxicity in Sri Lanka: Insights From a Lower Middle-Income Country With Free Universal Public Healthcare
Authors: Ranawaka Sarith , Gunarathna Sathika , Gunasekera Sanjeeva , Booth Christopher M , Jalink Matthew , Carson Laura M , Berry Scott , Gyawali Bishal , Seneviratne Sanjeewa , Wijeratne Don Thiwanka 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Financial toxicity (FT) describes either objective or perceived excess financial strain due to a cancer diagnosis on the well-being of patients, families, and society. The consequences of FT have been shown to span countries of varied economic tiers and diverse healthcare models. This study attempts to describe FT and its effects in a lower- to middle-income country delivering predominantly public nonfee-levying healthcare. This was a cross-sectional study involving 210 patients with breast cancer of any stage (I to IV), interviewed between 6 and 18 months from the date of diagnosis. Financial toxicity was highly prevalent with 81% reporting 3 or more on a scale of 1 to 5. Costs incurred for travelling (94%), out-of-hospital investigations (87%), and consultation fees outside the public system (81%) were the most common contributors to FT. Daily compromises for food and education were made by 30% and 20%, respectively, with loss of work seen in over one-third. Greater FT was seen with advanced cancer stage and increasing distance to the nearest radiotherapy unit (P = .008 and .01, respectively). Family and relatives were the most common form of financial support (77.6%). In conclusion, FT is substantial in our group, with many having to make daily compromises for basic needs. Many opt to visit the fee-levying private sector for at least some part of their care, despite the availability of an established public nonfee-levying healthcare.
Des expériences négatives de l’enfance à la santé relationnelle précoce : les conséquences pour la pratique clinique
Authors: Williams Robin C 
Published: September 2023

Résumé
Les enfants grandissent et se développent dans un environnement de relations. Des relations sécuritaires, stables et bienveillantes contribuent à consolider la résilience et à atténuer les répercussions des expériences négatives. La promotion de la santé relationnelle en pratique clinique recentre l’attention accordée aux expériences négatives de l’enfance sur les expériences positives de l’enfance. Cette approche, qui évalue les forces et les atouts d’une famille, peut être intégrée à la fois aux rendez-vous réguliers de l’enfant en santé et aux soins surspécialisés. Il est optimal de réaliser de telles interventions pendant la période prénatale ou le plus rapidement possible avant l’âge de trois ans, mais il n’est jamais trop tard pour les entreprendre. Le présent document de principes décrit comment les cliniciens peuvent adopter une approche de santé relationnelle lors de chacune de leurs rencontres médicales s’ils comprennent ce qu’est le stress toxique et ses effets sur le cerveau en développement, les relations familiales et le développement de l’enfant; à quel point les relations, expériences et comportements positifs peuvent en atténuer les effets et renforcer la résilience; quels sont les signes observables de la santé relationnelle et des risques relationnels dans les interactions entre les parents et l’enfant; quelles sont les caractéristiques de relations thérapeutiques de confiance avec les familles et comment en optimiser les avantages par les échanges et la pratique clinique.