bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hidden Costs of Unaccompanied Child Migration
Authors: Digidiki Vasileia , Bhabha Jacqueline 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Dramatic reductions in refugee resettlement numbers, restrictions on asylum access and growing externalisation of humanitarian protection have significantly curtailed legal migration pathways for distress migrants. This continues to be the case despite well-established international legal obligations requiring states to protect humanitarian migrants and afford children, in particular, a series of protective procedures. We argue that unaccompanied child migrants are disproportionately disadvantaged by these restrictive measures because other avenues for legal migration – for work, for family reunification, for educational and cultural activities – are generally not open to them. As restrictions increase, unaccompanied children adopt self-initiated, challenging strategies to pay the significant costs of the journeys they embark on, a departure from more linear, “traditional” trajectories towards safety. This article presents qualitative data collected in Greece, site of the largest European distress migrant arrivals in recent years, to discuss the growing cost of irregular mobility for unaccompanied children and the role that exploitation-funded earning plays in enabling their migrations today.
The Chinese View of the Rights of the Child
Authors: Hämäläinen Juha , Wu Shih-Yun , Zhao Fang 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This article aims to identify the nature of the interpretation of children’s rights in China. More specifically, it seeks to increase the understanding of the characteristics of the national perspective on children’s rights by examining and analysing the key issues relevant to the Chinese legislation. Using the concept of legal culture, the article offers a hermeneutic analysis of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors, in which the Chinese view of the rights of the child is explained in the light of a cultural background. The analysis shows that the Chinese view of the rights of the child is culturally coloured. In particular, the influence of the Confucian conception of family and the corresponding paternalistic social theory can be identified.
Restoring Children’s Right to Education during and after War
Authors: Moodrick-Even Khen Hilly 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The need to protect children in armed conflicts has become urgent, especially since the 1990s, and is now outstanding in the war in Ukraine. Among the violations against children in Ukraine that were identified by the UN Secretary General in 2005, were attacks on schools and hospitals. This article discusses the question of how the violation of the right to education during armed conflict can be redressed and suggests a mechanism for doing so. It uses the Russia-Ukraine war (2022) as a case study.
The legal protection of children’s rights in armed conflict is facilitated by three branches of international law: international humanitarian law (or the laws of armed conflict); international human rights law; and international criminal law. This article will address the first two as well as, in a more limited way, the law of refugees.
The article discusses the significance of the child’s right to education. It provides empirical data on how this right is jeopardised during armed conflicts and offers recommendations regarding what the international community can do to secure this right as far as possible during, as well as directly after, armed conflict. The article suggests a mechanism that would involve states parties to the crc, the crc Committee, and the establishment of a trust fund to compensate states that have suffered an armed conflict, and to use the compensation to redress the right to education. This arrangement could be regulated by an additional protocol to the crc. States parties to the crc that ratified the additional protocol would be required to contribute to the fund (according to a socio-economic index). States parties subjected to armed conflicts would be permitted to use the trust funds primarily if they proved they were compliant (before the eruption of the conflict) with their treaty obligations to secure the right to education according to the Concluding Observations of the crc Committee. There could also be exceptions, depending on the specific circumstances of each case. This mechanism would be advantageous in that it would use the already-existing crc Committee and the expertise and experience of its members and would also increase the accountability of states parties to the crc for their treaty obligations. In this way, it would also tackle a larger problem: the difficulty of imposing states’ accountability for their obligations under human rights law treaties.
International Relocation Disputes and the Risk of Cultural Bias in Family Law Matters
Authors: Strous Martin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper discusses how judges and forensic experts can reach culturally biased decisions in family relocation matters, potentially compromising the best interests of children involved. The risk of reports and judgments being biased is particularly pronounced when cultural factors are focused upon selectively, while other relevant factors are overlooked. To mitigate this potential for cultural bias, several strategies are proposed. These include encouraging self-awareness in forensic experts and judges of their potential for bias, implementing a system of peer review in which decisions are reviewed by colleagues, providing a mandatory checklist of factors to be considered, and requiring transparency and accountability in forensic reports and relocation judgements.
Why Attitudes Are Not Character Traits
Authors: Baston René 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In social psychology, explicit and implicit attitudes play an important role for behavior prediction and explanation. Edouard Machery claims that attitudes are not mental states but dispositional character traits. The goal of this article is to show that this conceptualization of attitudes comes with two weaknesses: first, the author will show that if attitudes are traits, they are unmeasurable, or if we assume that a part of the trait is measurable, then we do not need the trait-picture, because then the classic attitude-picture is sufficient. Second, it is unclear how the trait-picture leads to attitudes that explain behavior.
Explaining Visual Shape–Taste Crossmodal Correspondences
Authors: Spence Charles 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
A growing body of experimental research now demonstrates that neurologically normal individuals associate different taste qualities with design features such as curvature, symmetry, orientation, texture and movement. The form of everything from the food itself through to the curvature of the plateware on which it happens to be served, and from glassware to typeface, not to mention the shapes of/on food product packaging have all been shown to influence people’s taste expectations, and, on occasion, also their taste/food experiences. Although the origins of shape–taste and other form–taste crossmodal correspondences have yet to be fully worked out, it would appear that shape qualities are occasionally elicited directly. However, more often, there may be a metaphorical attempt to translate the temporal qualities of taste sensations into a spatial analogue. At the same time, emotional mediation may sometimes also play a role in the affinity people experience between shape properties and taste. And finally, it should be acknowledged that associative learning of the relation between packaging shapes, glassware shapes, logos, labels and iconic food forms that commonly co-occur with specific taste properties (i.e., in the case of branded food products) may also play an important role in determining the nature of shape–taste correspondences. Ultimately, however, any attempt to use such shape–taste correspondences to nudge people’s behaviour/perception in the real world is made challenging due to the fact that shape properties are associated with multiple qualities, and not just taste.
The Scribe Narrates – The Art of Ara Oshagan
Authors: Tchalian Adriana 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Photographer and installation artist Ara Oshagan examines diaspora and displacement, in his solo exhibit, How the World Might Be (2022). Oshagan’s visual vernacular explores Armenian identity, especially as it relates to the subject of indigeneity. Taking his cue from contemporary art – a mix of disparate styles, genres, and media – Oshagan constructs a hybridized model of native Armenian identity, one that is an eclectic mix of peoples, places, and cultures. Consequently, he formulates a new genus of Armenian through his art, much the same way contemporary art mixes dissimilar elements to create a novel art form.
Clinical characteristics of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after iodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer patients
Authors: Li Na , Zhang Wanchun 
Published: April 2023

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) after Iodine-131 (131I) therapy and provide guidance for clinical decision-making. Methods Thirty-one DTC patients with NLDO were retrospectively enrolled from the Nuclear Medicine Department of Shanxi Bethune Hospital during follow-up of 131I therapy between June 2018 and March 2021. Eight hundred and seventy-one thyroid cancer patients during this period without NLDO after 131I therapy were enrolled as the control group. Clinical characteristics, including sex, age, dose, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb), and metastatic lesions, were analyzed by χ2 test and logistic multifactor regression. Results In the NLDO group and without NLDO group, there were statistically significant differences in gender, age, dose, and whether there was metastasis. Among the NLDO group, the proportion of women, age >55 years old, dose >5.55 GBq, and the presence of metastasis was higher, and the difference was statistically significant; There was no significant difference in the proportion of TGAb positive and negative patients based on 131I therapy (χ2 = 0.27, P = .782).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex (2.59), age (1.45), dose (2.36), and metastatic lesions (1.93) were all statistically significant influential factors of NLDO after iodine therapy. Significant differences were found in the incidence of NLDO between the number of treatment courses (χ2 = 23.541, P < .001). Prevalence rate of repeat radioiodine therapy (2 times or 3 times and more) is higher than 1 time. Conclusion Women patients over 55 who had metastatic lesions, and received a dose >5.55 GBq, were more likely to have NLDO. When determining therapeutic doses of 131I, doctors should weigh multiple factors and then give appropriate dosage and suggest that high risk populations be referred for appropriate ophthalmic surgical consultation, for timely diagnosis and therapy.
Perspectives of health professionals on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in hospitalised adults: A systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Alsop Tahlia , Woodforde James , Rosbergen Ingrid , Mahendran Niruthikha , Brauer Sandra , Gomersall Sjaan 
Published: April 2023

Objective To explore health professionals’ perspectives on physical activity and sedentary behaviour of hospitalised adults to understand factors that contribute to these behaviours in this environment. Data sources Five databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and CINAHL) were searched in March 2023. Review methods Thematic synthesis. Included studies explored perspectives of health professionals on the physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour of hospitalised adults using qualitative methods. Study eligibility was assessed independently by two reviewers and results thematically analysed. Quality was assessed using the McMaster Critical Review Form and confidence in findings assessed using GRADE-CERQual. Results Findings from 40 studies explored perspectives of over 1408 health professionals from 12 health disciplines. The central theme identified was that physical activity is not a priority in this setting due to the complex interplay of multilevel influences present in the interdisciplinary inpatient landscape. Subthemes, the hospital is a place for rest, there are not enough resources to make movement a priority, everyone's job is no one's job and policy and leadership drives priorities, supported the central theme. Quality of included studies was variable; critical appraisal scores ranged from 36% to 95% on a modified scoring system. Confidence in findings was moderate to high. Conclusion Physical activity in the inpatient setting is not a priority, even in rehabilitation units where optimising function is the key. A shift in focus towards functional recovery and returning home may promote a positive movement culture that is supported by appropriate resources, leadership, policy, and the interdisciplinary team.
Signatures of exposure to childhood trauma in young adults in the structure and neurochemistry of the superior temporal gyrus
Authors: Hepsomali Piril , Machon Sandra , Barker Holly , Lythgoe David J , Hugdahl Kenneth , Gudbrandsen Maria , Allen Paul 
Published: April 2023

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) has been linked to increased risk for mental illness in adulthood. Although work in experimental animals has shown that early life stressors can affect inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission in adult rodents, with possible excitotoxic effects on local grey matter volumes (GMV), the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate this relationship in humans remain poorly understood. Aim: To examine glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolite concentrations and potential excitotoxic effects on GMV, in adults who experienced CT. Methods: Fifty-six young adults ( Mage = 20.41) were assigned to High CT ( n = 29) and Low CT ( n = 27) groups (by using the CT questionnaire) and underwent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to measure temporal lobe metabolite concentrations and volumetric imaging to measure GMV. Results: Glutamate concentrations did not differ between groups; however, relative to the Low CT group, participants in the High CT group had reduced GABA concentrations in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) voxel. Furthermore, logistic regression showed that participants with low left STG GABA concentrations and low left STG volumes were significantly more likely to be in the high CT group. Conclusions: This study provides the first evidence that both low GABA concentrations and its interaction with GMV in the left STG are associated with high levels of CT and suggest that altered inhibitory neurotransmission/metabolism may be linked to a lower GMV in the left STG in adults who experienced CT. Future studies are warranted to establish if utilizing these measures can stratify clinical high-risk and predict future clinical outcomes in high CT individuals.
Construction and evaluation of an aging-associated genes-based model for pancreatic adenocarcinoma prognosis and therapies
Authors: Zhao Junjie , Guan Kelei , Xing Jiyuan 
Published: April 2023

Objectives: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a highly malignant tumor. Despite extensive research, the precise role of aging-related genes in the initiation, microenvironment regulation, and progression of PAAD remains unclear. Methods: Patients with PAAD were selected from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts and the cell senescence-associated genes were obtained from CellAge. ConsensusClusterPlus was utilized for cluster identification. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a prognosis prediction model. Results: We identified three clusters (C1, C2, and C3) based on aging-associated gene profiles. The C1 cluster had a shorter overall survival time, advanced clinical grades, lower immune ESTIMATE score, and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score than the C3 subgroup. Moreover, signaling pathways for cell cycle activation were enriched in the C1 cluster. We also identified eight hub genes and constructed a risk model. The high cellular senescence-related signature (CSRS) score subtype exhibited poor prognosis, advanced clinical grades, M2 macrophage infiltration, higher immune checkpoint gene expression, and lower immunotherapeutic benefits. Conclusion: Our risk score model shows high prediction accuracy and survival prediction ability in individual clinical prognosis and pre-immunotherapy evaluation.
Physico-mechanical properties of sand-plastic interlocking paving brick
Authors: Nnorom Onyekachi Onyinyechi , Onuegbu Genevive Chinyere , Nwanonenyi Simeon Chukwudozie 
Published: April 2023

Interlocking paving bricks were produced with plastic wastes and sand using heating technique without other cementing or binding agent and water. Waste single-use plastics - polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles and low density polyethylene (LDPE) sachet water films used respectively were sourced from dump site, washed, air dried, melted and mixed with sand of not more than 2 mm particle size to produce interlocking paving brick (IPB). Sand-plastic mix ratios of 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 and metal mould of 190 × 90 × 90 mm dimension were used. The compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, abrasion and water-absorption test results showed that IPB from LDPE-sand composite has better mechanical performance than IPB from PET-sand composite for all the mix ratios. The IPB from LDPE-sand composite of 3:1 mix ratio had a compressive strength of 31.11 N/mm2 and water absorption of 0.33% of its dry weight whereas its PET counterpart had compressive strength of 13.1 N/mm2 and water absorption of 0.5%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and abrasion results also showed that LDPE had better compatibility with sand particles. Waste single-use plastics can be used to produce high quality interlocking paving brick without cement and water and as well reduce the menace of waste PET bottles and LDPE films in our environment.
Risk factors for mortality in 1528 Brazilian childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Sakamoto Ana P , Silva Clovis A , Pita Ana C , Trindade Vitor C , Islabao Aline G , Fiorot Fernanda J , Lopes Sandra RM , Pereira Rosa MR , Saad-Magalhaes Claudia , Russo Gleice CS , Len Claudio A , Prado Rogerio do , Campos Lucia MA , Aikawa Nadia E , Appenzeller Simone , Ferriani Virginia PL , Silva Marco F , Felix Marta , Fonseca Adriana R , Assad Ana PL , Sztajnbok Flavio R , Santos Maria C , Bica Blanca E , Sena Evaldo G , Moraes Ana J , Fraga Melissa M , Robazzi Teresa C , Spelling Paulo F , Scheibel Iloite M , Cavalcanti Andre S , Matos Erica N , Guimaraes Luciano J , Santos Flavia P , Mota Licia MH , Bonfa Eloisa , Terreri Maria T 
Published: April 2023

Objectives To identify associations between mortality in cSLE patients and their characteristics: clinical and laboratory features, disease activity and damage scores, and treatment; to evaluate risk factors associated with mortality in cSLE; and to determine the most frequent causes of death in this group of patients. Methods We performed a multicenter retrospective cohort using data from 1,528 cSLE patients followed in 27 pediatric rheumatology tertiary centers in Brazil. Patients’ medical records were reviewed according to a standardized protocol, in which information regarding demographic and clinical features, disease activity and damage scores, and treatment were collected and compared between deceased cSLE patients and survivors. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox regression model were used to calculate risk factors for mortality, whereas survival rates were analyzed by Kaplan–Meier plots. Results A total of 63/1,528 (4.1%) patients deceased, 53/63 were female (84.1%), median age at death was 11.9 (9.4–13.1) years and median time interval between cSLE diagnosis and death was 3.2 (0.5–5.3) years. Sepsis was the main cause of death in 27/63 (42.8%) patients, followed by opportunistic infections in 7/63 (11.1%), and alveolar hemorrhage in 6/63 (9.5%) patients. The regression models resulted in neuropsychiatric lupus (NP-SLE) (HR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.48–4.42) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (HR = 4.33, 95% CI = 2.33–4.72), as risk factors significantly associated with mortality. Overall patient survival after cSLE diagnosis at 5, 10, and 15 years were 97%, 95.4%, and 93.8%, respectively. Conclusions This study confirmed that the recent mortality rate in cSLE in Brazil is low, but still of concern. NP-SLE and CKD were the main risk factors for mortality, indicating that the magnitude of these manifestations was significantly high.
Weight Loss During Neoadjuvant Therapy Is Associated With Poor Response Among the Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: Bu Zhaoting , Jiang Yuting , Luo Shanshan , He Xinxin , Qin Haiquan , Tang Weizhong 
Published: April 2023

Purpose The aim of the current study was to identify the relationship between body composition changes during neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and the treatment efficiency of NAT in gastrointestinal cancer (GC) patients. Methods From January 2015 to July 2020, 277 GC patients treated with NAT had included for retrospective analysis. The body mass index (BMI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging before and after NAT were recorded. The BMI change optimal cut-off value were calculated by ROC curve. Balancing essential characteristic variables using propensity score matching (PSM) method. Exploring the association between BMI changes and tumor response to NAT using logistic regression analysis. The survival outcome of matched patients between different BMI change groups was compared. Results A cutoff point of BMI change >2% during NAT was defined as BMI loss. Among the 277 patients, 110 (39.7%) patients showed BMI change with a loss after NAT. In total, 71 pairs of patients were selected for further analysis. The median follow-up time was 22 months (range 3 to 63 months). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses in matched cohort showed that BMI change was a prognostic factor for tumor response after NAT in GC patients (odds ratio (OR), .471; 95% confidence interval (CI), .233-.953; P = .036). In addition, patients who experienced BMI loss after NAT showed worse overall survival than those who had BMI gain or stable. Conclusion BMI loss during NAT probably may has negative effects on NAT efficiency and survival for gastrointestinal cancer patients. It is necessary to monitor and maintain weight for patients during treatment.