bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evidence supporting methods of tooth width measurement: Part II. Digital models and intra-oral scanners
Authors: Naidu Devan , Freer Terrence J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Digital models and intra-oral scanners are gaining increasing popularity in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning by allowing clinicians to store and ‘virtually’ analyse dental casts. The present paper reviews the various digital model programs and available intra-oral scanners and presents the research which has tested their accuracy. With this information, clinicians may be better informed to adopt the most appropriate system.
Permanent mandibular canine(s) impaction: expansion of our understanding
Authors: Jain Shikha , Sadashiva Shetty K. , Prakash Anaveri T. , Agrawal Mamta , Jain Shweta 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Eruption disturbances, tooth size and specific malocclusions are known to be genetically influenced. The clinical association between these traits may indicate common genetic controls.

Objectives: A cross-sectional clinical study was designed to test the null hypothesis that the maximum mesiodistal crown diameter (MMD) of maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors and the prevalence of various classes of incisor relationships (Class I, II/1, II/2 and III) do not differ between the subjects with and without permanent mandibular canine(s) impaction.

Methods: Dental models of 43 subjects diagnosed with mandibular canine(s) impaction (Impaction Group - IG) were compared with those of 86 subjects of a control reference sample (Control Group - CG). Independent t-test and chi-square tests were used to determine the association between mandibular canine(s) impaction and the MMD of the incisors and the incisor relationship, respectively. The likelihood of various incisor relationships between the IG and CG were evaluated according to odds ratios.

Results: A fourfold increase (p < 0.0001) in the overall frequency of Class II/2 incisor relationship was observed in the IG when compared to controls.

Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Subjects with mandibular canine(s) impaction appeared to be characterised with wider incisors and a remarkably high rate of Class II/2 malocclusion. This information assists the understanding of genetically controlled dental anomalies, which are likely to co-exist with mandibular canine(s) impaction.
Treatment effects of a Twin-Force Bite Corrector versus an Activator in comparison with an untreated Class II sample: a preliminary report
Authors: Dalci Oyku , Altug Ayse Tuba , Memikoglu Ufuk Toygar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the treatment outcomes of a fixed-functional appliance (Twin-Force Bite Corrector - TFBC) and a conventional removable functional appliance (Activator) in the treatment of skeletal Class II malocclusions.

Methods: The TFBC and Activator Groups each included 10 young adults possessing a skeletal Class II malocclusion, and the treatment outcomes of both groups were quantified and compared, using lateral cephalometric radiographs, with an untreated skeletal Class II Control Group.

Results: A skeletal Class I relationship and a marked reduction in overjet were achieved in both treatment groups; however, the duration of treatment was significantly shorter in the TFBC Group (0.45 years) when compared with the Activator Group (1.37 years) (p < 0.001). Effective length and sagittal positioning of the mandible underwent significant changes in the TFBC and Activator Groups. Vertical facial dimensions increased in each group; however, these increases were significantly greater in the Activator Group when compared to the TFBC and Control Groups (p < 0.05). Dentoalveolar changes also contributed to the reduction in overjet.

Conclusions: Although both appliances succeeded in eliminating the Class II relationship and improving the overjet and overbite, the short treatment time in the TFBC Group raises questions regarding the long-term stability of the results.
Cortical bone thickness of the adult alveolar process - a retrospective CBCT study
Authors: Germec-Cakan Derya , Tozlu Murat , Ozdemir Fulya 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate and compare cortical bone thickness of the posterior alveolar process in adult patients presenting with skeletal Class I, II and III malocclusions.

Methods: Cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of 196 adult subjects, aged 20–45, were evaluated. Cortical bone thickness was measured 4 mm from the alveolar crest, as the shortest bucco-lingual dimension of the cortical bone at interdental sites from the distal of the maxillary canine to the mesial of the maxillary second molar.

Results: There were no differences between the malocclusion groups in mean age, gender, or vertical pattern (p > 0.05). At all sites measured, there were no statistically significant differences in the means of cortical bone thickness between the groups (p > 0.05). Maxillary palatal bone thickness was reduced in the Class I (p < 0.0001), and Class II (p < 0.001) groups; but mandibular buccal thickness increased significantly (p < 0.001) in all malocclusion groups from anterior to posterior.

Conclusions: There was no difference in cortical bone plate thickness between Class I, II and III subjects when related to mini– implant placement sites. As the measurement site moved towards the posterior, maxillary palatal cortical thickness decreased except in Class III cases, while mandibular buccal bone thickness increased in all malocclusion groups.
Severity and outcome assessments of patients undertaking surgical orthodontic treatment
Authors: Zhao Yilong , Fowler Peter V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background: Combined orthognathic-orthodontic treatment can be lengthy and expensive. It is therefore important to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed treatment and the likely outcomes.

Objectives: To determine the demographic and surgical details of patients who received orthognathic-orthodontic treatment at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, and to assess treatment using the Severity and Outcome Index (SOI).

Methods: An observational and retrospective study was conducted of patients who received surgical orthodontic treatment between 2005 and 2012 at Christchurch Hospital. Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 93 patients were evaluated. Seven cephalometric parameters were assessed using the Severity and Outcome Index. A severity score ranged from 0 for the most severe to 7 for the least severe, while the outcome score ranged from 0 for the worst to 7 for the best outcome.

Results: Class II patients had a severity score of 3.4 and the best outcome score of 6.2. Class III patients had a severity score of 3.3 and an outcome score of 6.1. Patients with an anterior open bite (AOB) had the worst severity score of 3.0, and the worst outcome score of 5.9. The overall treatment outcome scores for all groups were statistically significantly greater than the severity scores, which increased from 3.4 to 6.1 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Favourable outcomes were achieved for a group of patients with a high need for treatment. Christchurch Hospital appeared to be treating cases of increased severity and gained better treatment outcomes when compared with a United Kingdom (UK) national audit.
In vitro spectrophotometric evaluation of Vivera® clear thermoplastic retainer discolouration
Authors: Zafeiriadis Anastasios A. , Karamouzos Andreas , Athanasiou Athanasios E. , Eliades Theodore , Palaghias George 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the in vitro effect of different staining solutions on the colour stability of Vivera® retainers.

Methods: Thirty flat specimens fabricated using the Vivera® material (Align Technology Inc., CA, USA) were assigned into five Groups (A, B, C, D and E) and immersed at 37°C in solutions of distilled water (control), coffee, tea, red wine, and Coca-Cola®. The CIE colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured before immersion (T0) and after 12 hours (T1), three days (T2) and seven days (T3) of solution exposure. Colour differences (ΔΕ) between the interval groups were calculated.

Results: Significant differences were observed concerning (i) L* between T3 and T0, T1 and T2 for Group B; (ii) a* between T0 and T1, T2 and T3 for Groups B, C, D and E, as well as between T1 and T2 for Group C; and (iii) b* between T0 and T1, T2 and T3 for Group B and between T0 and T2 and T3 for Group C. The differences between ΔΕ(T1-T0), ΔΕ(T2-T0) and ΔΕ(T3-T0) were statistically significant for Groups B and C, as well as the difference between ΔΕ(T1-T0) and ΔΕ(T2-T0) for Group D.

Conclusions: Coffee, tea and red wine caused visible changes in the retainers’ colour.
Body dysmorphic disorder and orthodontics – an overview for clinicians
Authors: Anthony Marshneil Trista , Farella Mauro 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often seek aesthetic medical treatment including orthodontics to correct their perceived physical defects. When the disorder pertains to the dentofacial region, it is important for orthodontists to be familiar with this condition.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on BDD and its relationship to orthodontics.

Method: PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were searched for publications relating to BDD and orthodontics. Further articles were sourced from the reference lists of the articles identified through the search.

Results: The literature recommends that orthodontic patients suspected of having BDD should be referred to a psychiatrist for a definitive diagnosis and subsequent management. However, this may be difficult to implement in clinical practice. Management by a psychiatrist could include pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioural therapy. There is still debate as to whether orthodontic treatment should be provided for these patients.

Conclusion: As health care workers providing aesthetic treatment to patients, orthodontists should be aware of BDD and its implications. Risks include repeated requests for unnecessary treatment, dissatisfaction with the result and thus potential for litigation. BDD still remains a challenge to diagnose, and further research is needed to determine the appropriate management of orthodontic patients suffering from the disorder.
PD-1 Blockage Facilitates Cytotoxic T and NK Cells Tumoricidal Phenotype in a Murine Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Tripković Sanja , Jocić Miodrag , Stanisavljević Isidora , Jovanović Marina , Jurišević Milena , Petrović Andjela , Jovanović Milan , Milev Boško , Marić Veljko , Jovanović Marina 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In breast cancer therapy, as the leading cause of death in women, besides chemo-radiotherapy, immunotherapy has been increasingly used. PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade primarily acts on T lymphocytes, the main effectors of acquired immune response. NK cells, which are part of the innate immune response, also play a role in the anti-tumor response through the blockade of this signaling pathway. The study was conducted to examine the effects of anti-PD-1 therapy on NK and T cells in mouse breast cancer. Female BALB/c mice were used, divided into two groups, one with induced breast cancer and one treated with anti-PD-1 antibody. Breast cancer cell line was used to induce the cancer, and the anti-PD-1 antibody was applied intraperitoneally. Cell populations in spleen and tumor microenvironment were examined using flow cytometry. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The percentage of NK cells expressing FasL, NKG2D, and IFN-γ is significantly higher in spleen and tumor-infiltrating NK cells upon anti-PD-1 therapy, while the expression of inhibitory markers Foxp3 and IL-10 in regulatory NK cells is significantly lower. The percentage of T lymphocytes expressing CD107a and IL-17 is significantly higher in the spleen, while a higher number of T lymphocytes expressing CD69 is present in the tumor microenvironment. The study suggests that anti-PD-1 therapy can activate NK and T cells, and improve anti-tumor immune response in breast cancer. Further research is needed to understand the interplay between these cells during PD-1 blockage.
Temperature and Humidity Data Evaluation of Tight Sportswear during Motion Based on Intelligent Modeling
Authors: Cheng Pengpeng , Wang Jianping , Zeng Xianyi , Bruniaux Pascal , Chen Daoling 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
A neural network structure of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) is proposed which could be used to predict the temperature and humidity of other key parts from the temperature and humidity data of some parts of the human body when wearing tight sportswear, so as to realize the temperature and humidity data prediction of all key points of the human body. The temperature and humidity of different people wearing tights were collected by DHT sensors. The experimental results show that the LSTM neural network structure proposed has higher prediction accuracy than other algorithms, and the model evaluates the feasibility of temperature and humidity data of tights in a state of motion, which facilitates the study of dynamic thermal and humid comfort and reduces the time cost of analyzing the temperature and humidity distribution and changing the law during human movement. It will effectively promote the study of temperature and humidity changes when people wear sports tights, provide theoretical reference for the study of human skin temperature in the field of sports medicine, and provide practical guidance for the application of human skin temperature changes in sports clothing production, diagnosis and prevention of sports injuries.
Comparison of Environmental Costs in Divisions with Different Geographical Action and their Significance in Environmental Management
Authors: Teplická Katarína , Hurná Soňa 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The relevance of the decision of this scientific research is related to the requirements of Industry 4.0. orientated to environmental sustainability. This article summarizes the scientific discussion on the issue of the comparison of environmental costs in various divisions such as Slovakia, Italy, Brazil, Mexico, China. The main goal of this article is to compare costs in divisions of the parent company with different geographical working. The object of the research was the parent company EMBRACO. Methods of research were focused on using economic analysis with indicators of the cost function, chain index, and cost structure. The results of the research show environmental costs of the divisions are at the level of €1.9-€3.1 million. The total state of the environmental costs by individual country represents the lowest value in Italy and Slovakia. The lowest environmental costs are for the category of air costs for all divisions and the second category of costs with low values are other environmental costs, while Brazil and Mexico do not record this category of costs in the accounting. The key category for minimizing environmental costs is water costs for Slovakia and China and other waste costs for Italy, Brazil, and Mexico. The hazardous waste category represents (0.9-32%). Based on these results, the parent company can decide on the possibilities of positioning its divisions in terms of strategic business.
The Human Element in the Context of Smart Cities
Authors: Giela Małgorzata 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The smart city concept, influenced by societal changes, technology, and geopolitics, is transitioning towards a human-centered model—Smart City 3.0. Emphasizing community engagement, this model ensures that new technologies are tailored to each city’s unique needs. The creation of a participatory society is essential for this approach, fostering public involvement in decision-making. Core mechanisms include public consultations and participatory budgeting, as legislated, enhancing co-management between authorities and residents. To successfully implement Smart City 3.0, it is vital to build a partnership based on mutual trust between local authorities and communities. Opinions must not only be expressed, but factored into city planning and development. Advisory bodies like city youth councils illustrate this approach, engaging youth in meaningful roles and ensuring their interests are represented. This paper investigates the vital role of community members in the creating of smart city. Additionally, the paper conducts a comprehensive review of various models of participation, evaluating their respective strengths and weaknesses within the context of smart city development.
Analysis of the Impact of Effective Time Management on Workstation Efficiency Using a Multi-Criteria Optimization Approach
Authors: Krynke Marek 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe aim of the article is to analyze the impact of effective time management on the performance of workstations in the context of the conflict between maximizing workstation utilization and minimizing the number of items waiting in the queue. The article utilized the FlexSim program to build a simulation model of the workstation and conducted optimization using the built-in optimizer. The research demonstrated that effective time management has a positive impact on workstation performance by reducing the number of items waiting in the queue, leading to increased throughput and reduced delays in production processes. An important aspect of the analysis was the application of a multi-criteria optimization approach, which allowed for achieving a balance between maximizing workstation utilization and minimizing the number of items waiting. Multi-criteria optimization considers diverse goals and decision criteria, leading to a more comprehensive approach to optimizing production processes. As a result, effective time management on workstations, based on analysis and multi-criteria optimization, can significantly improve the efficiency and performance of production processes. This analysis can be a valuable tool for organizations seeking to optimize their processes and achieve a competitive advantage in the market. The analysis conducted in the article confirms that effective time management has a beneficial impact on workstation performance. The use of a multi-criteria approach in optimization enables achieving a balance between various decision factors. The presented simulation model and research results can be useful for decision-makers in the manufacturing field who aim to make more informed decisions regarding planning and optimizing production processes to enhance efficiency, effectiveness, and customer satisfaction.
Analysis of the Survey Results on the Pro-Ecological Awareness of Young People in the Aspect of Sustainable Development
Authors: Czajkowska Agnieszka , Ingaldi Manuela 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to propose effective methods to implement sustainable development principles among young people, both in schools and universities. The authors of this article recognize the significant potential among young individuals whose actions and choices have a substantial impact on the environment. By analyzing the knowledge and behaviors of young people towards sustainable development and environmental protection, based on surveys conducted among pupils and students from the south-eastern region of Poland, this paper identifies gaps that require improvement and proposes actions aimed at raising pro-ecological awareness among the youth. The analysis revealed that only 25% of the respondents have heard about the “Agenda for Sustainable Development – 2030”, 20% were familiar with the goals of sustainable development, and few have participated in initiatives for sustainable development. However, 58% of respondents claimed to engage in activities for environmental protection in their daily lives. The article also presents the degree of compliance with the assumptions of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development on both global and local scales. Furthermore, the paper analyzes two aspects of students’ awareness of sustainable development: their knowledge of goals and documents, and their pro-ecological behavior in daily life. Based on the findings, this paper proposes ways to introduce sustainable development principles in selected areas of school and university functioning to enhance ecological awareness and shape pro-ecological attitudes among young people. Concrete actions to facilitate implementation are also suggested.
Mortality after radial-only balloon aortic valvuloplasty: a long-term follow-up and a bridge-to-TAVI analysis
Authors: Achim Alexandru , Van den Eynde Jef , Szűcsborus Tamás , Sasi Viktor , Nagy Ferenc , Jambrik Zoltán , Nemes Attila , Varga Albert , Ruzsa Zoltán 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
The benefits of distal radial balloon aortic valvuloplasty were recently reported: same efficacy as the classical femoral approach, with no vascular complications. The long-term outcomes for these patients remain unknown.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the long-term mortality and the impact of TAVI in a cohort of 30 patients who underwent distal radial (DR) BAV.

Results
The mean age was 78.3 ± 7.14 years and the median follow-up was 22.8 months. The indication for BAV was stable aortic stenosis in 70% of patients, while 23% of patients had concomitant acute heart failure symptoms and 6.6% of patients were in cardiogenic shock. A total of 16 patients (53.3%) received TAVI during follow-up after their BAV procedure while the remainder only received BAV. All-cause mortality was 20%, with only 1 death (6.3%) in the “BAV + TAVI” group compared to 5 deaths (35.7%) in the “BAV only” group (p = 0.089). All of the TAVI procedures were performed within 7 months after BAV. Cumulative incidence of TAVI was 40.0% at 5 months and 50.0% at 10 months. Cumulative incidence of death was 6.7% at 5 months, 13.3% at 10 months, 16.7% at 15 months, and 20.0% at 25 months. The probability of being alive without TAVI decreased from 53.3% at 5 months to 30.0% at 25 months.

Conclusion
In the present study, we could show that half of the patients undergoing BAV eventually need TAVI, most of them within 5 months after BAV, and that BAV remains associated with high mortality after the procedure, with 35% of those undergoing isolated BAV dying during short-term follow-up.