bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPIRATORY MECHANICS AND NEURAL RESPIRATORY DRIVE OF UNTREATED GASPING DURING CARDIAC ARREST IN A PORCINE MODEL
Authors: Lin Lin , Wang Pengfei , Zheng Houzhen , Zhong Zheye , Zhuansun Yongxun , Yang Zhengfei , Chen Rui 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Although the effects on hemodynamics of gasping during cardiac arrest (CA) have received a lot of attention, less is known about the respiratory mechanics and physiology of respiration in gasping. This study aimed to investigate the respiratory mechanics and neural respiratory drive of gasping during CA in a porcine model. Method: Pigs weighing 34.9 ± 5.7 kg were anesthetized intravenously. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced and untreated for 10 min. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was ceased immediately after the onset of VF. Hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, pressure signals, diaphragmatic electromyogram data, and blood gas analysis data were recorded. Results: Gasping was observed in all the animals at a significantly lower rate (2–5 gaps/min), with higher tidal volume (V
T; 0.62 ± 0.19 L, P < 0.01), and with lower expired minute volume (2.51 ± 1.49 L/min, P < 0.001) in comparison with the baseline. The total respiratory cycle time and the expiratory time tended to be lengthened. Statistically significant elevations in transdiaphragmatic pressure, the pressure-time product of diaphragmatic pressure, and the mean of root mean square diaphragmatic electromyogram values (RMSmean) were observed (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P < 0.001, respectively); however, V
T/RMSmean and transdiaphragmatic pressure/RMSmean were reduced at all time points. The partial pressure of oxygen showed a continuous decline after VF to reach statistical significance in the 10th minute (9.46 ± 0.96 kPa, P < 0.001), whereas the partial pressure of carbon dioxide tended to first rise and then fall. Conclusions: Gasping during CA was characterized by high V
T, extremely low frequency, and prolonged expiratory time, which may improve hypercapnia. During gasping, increased work of breathing and insufficient neuromechanical efficacy of neural respiratory drive suggested the necessity of MV and appropriate management strategies for MV during resuscitation after CA.
Mast fruiting in a large tropical African legume tree provides evidence for the nutrient resource limitation hypothesis
Authors: Newbery David M. , Schwan Sarah , Chuyong George B. , Neba Godlove A. , Etta Culbertson E. , Norghauer Julian M. , Worbes Martin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe large grove-forming tropical treeMicroberlinia bisulcata(Fabaceae subfamily Detarioideae) at Korup, Cameroon, shows strong mast fruiting. Reproductive allocation is considerable. The site has very nutrient-poor soil. To test the nutrient resource limitation hypothesis, phenological recordings between 1989 and 2017 were matched with climate variables, and analyzed using logistic time-series regression. Masting happened mostly on 2- or 3-year cycles. A strong predictor was mean daily rainfall in the dry season: low in the current year of masting and high in the year prior. Less strongly predictive was the increase in dry season radiation between prior and mast years. Masting events showed no relationship to annual stem increment, nor with local plantation yields. Later, the normally heavy mastings became moderate after two attacks by caterpillars. Collated studies of fallen leaf nutrient concentrations showed that P increased markedly, K rose and fell, but N and Mg changed little, in the inter-mast interval. P and K were likely being accumulated and stored, and then triggered masting events when internal thresholds were crossed. The drier season prior to masting enabled a rise in C, and the wetter season the year before, with higher soil moisture, enabled better acquisition and uptake of nutrients by roots and mycorrhizas. The main storage of P may be in bark and branches, that for K on soil organic-colloids. A rooting-fruiting trade-off in C allocated over a minimal 2-year cycle is implied. Hypothesized is that synchrony among masting trees may be achieved, in part, by an equilibration of P across the mycorrhizal network. The long-term driver appears to be the inherent year-to-year stochasticity of dry-season rainfall, realization of which leads to an important refinement of the hypothesis. Life history strategy linked to nutrient resource dynamics provides a plausible explanation and more advanced hypothesis for the masting events observed.
The genetic legacy of the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples in Africa
Authors: Fortes-Lima Cesar A. , Burgarella Concetta , Hammarén Rickard , Eriksson Anders , Vicente Mário , Jolly Cecile , Semo Armando , Gunnink Hilde , Pacchiarotti Sara , Mundeke Leon , Matonda Igor , Muluwa Joseph Koni , Coutros Peter , Nyambe Terry S. , Cikomola Cirhuza , Coetzee Vinet , de Castro Minique , Ebbesen Peter , Delanghe Joris , Stoneking Mark , Barham Lawrence , Lombard Marlize , Meyer Anja , Steyn Maryna , Malmström Helena , Rocha Jorge , Soodyall Himla , Pakendorf Brigitte , Bostoen Koen , Schlebusch Carina M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWith the largest genomic dataset to date of Bantu-speaking populations, including newly generated data of modern-day and ancient DNA from previously unsampled regions in Africa, we shed fresh light on the expansion of peoples speaking Bantu languages that started ∼4000 years ago in western Africa. We have genotyped 1,740 participants, including 1,487 Bantu speakers from 143 populations across 14 African countries, and generated whole-genome sequences from 12 Late Iron Age individuals. Our results show that Bantu speakers received significant gene-flow from local groups in regions they expanded into. We show for the first time that genetic diversity amongst Bantu-speaking populations declines with distance from western Africa, with current-day Zambia and the DRC as possible crossroads of interaction. Using spatially explicit methods and correlating genetic, linguistic and geographical data, we provide cross-disciplinary support for a serial founder migration model. Finally, we discuss the utility of our dataset as an exhaustive modern-day African comparative dataset for ancient DNA studies. These new findings and data will be important to a wide range of disciplines from science and humanities as well as to the medical sector studying human genetic variation and health in African and African-descendant populations.One-sentence summaryA comprehensive genetic analysis of the expansion of people speaking Bantu languages reveals a complex history of serial founder events, variable levels of contact with local groups, and spread-over-spread events.
Prediction and stratification of longitudinal risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across smoking behaviors
Authors: He Yixuan , Qian David C. , Diao James A. , Cho Michael H. , Silverman Edwin K. , Gusev Alexander , Manrai Arjun K. , Martin Alicia R. , Patel Chirag J. 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTSmoking is the leading risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide, yet many people who never smoke develop COPD. We hypothesize that considering other socioeconomic and environmental factors can better predict and stratify the risk of COPD in both non-smokers and smokers. We performed longitudinal analysis of COPD in the UK Biobank to develop the Socioeconomic and Environmental Risk Score (SERS) which captures additive and cumulative environmental, behavioral, and socioeconomic exposure risks beyond tobacco smoking. We tested the ability of SERS to predict and stratify the risk of COPD in current, previous, and never smokers of European and non-European ancestries in comparison to a composite genome-wide polygenic risk score (PGS). We tested associations using Cox regression models and assessed the predictive performance of models using Harrell’s C index. SERS (C index = 0.770, 95% CI 0.756 to 0.784) was more predictive of COPD than smoking status (C index = 0.738, 95% CI 0.724 to 0.752), pack-years (C index = 0.742, 95% CI 0.727 to 0.756). Compared to the remaining population, individuals in the highest decile of the SERS had hazard ratios (HR) = 7.24 (95% CI 6.51 to 8.05, P < 0.0001) for incident COPD. Never smokers in the highest decile of exposure risk were more likely to develop COPD than previous and current smokers in the lowest decile with HR=4.95 (95% CI 1.56 to 15.69, P=6.65×10−3) and 2.92 (95%CI 1.51 to 5.61, P=1.38×10−3), respectively. In general, the prediction accuracy of SERS was lower in the non-European populations compared to the European evaluation set. In addition to genetic factors, socioeconomic and environmental factors beyond smoking can predict and stratify COPD risk for both non- and smoking individuals. Smoking status is often considered in screening; other non-smoking environmental and non-genetic variables should be evaluated prospectively for their clinical utility.
Radio-frequency ablation versus hepatic surgery for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dani Avichal , Gandhi Khushi Vishal , Desai Dev 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant tumor composed of cells resembling hepatocytes. It is the fourth most common cause of cancer□related death on earth. Treatment involves radio frequency ablation (RFA)or hepatic resection (HR). This is a review & evaluation of evidence comparing either methods by using meta-analysis technique.Materials and methodsWe conducted a database search of the PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, Cochrane, EMBASE etc. in which total of 36 observational studies and 3 RCTs following PRISMA guidelines till September 2020 and matching inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected. These studies include total 16,700 patients out of which 8565 were treated with RFA & 8135 with surgery. The following search strings were used: “ RFA vs HR”, “hepatocellular carcinoma treatment “. The primary end point was overall survival rate in 3&5 years respectively, including hospital stay duration & local recurrence. RevMan 5.3 was used for appropriate statistical tests. Fixed and Random Effect Model Tests was used and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMeta-analysis showed that RFA was associated with significant decrease in the length of hospital stay for RCTs (SMD = -2.171, CI = -2.381 to - 1.962, p=<0.001) and non-RCTs (SMD = -1.048, CI = 1.492 to -0.937, p=<0.001) respectively. However, it was also associated with significant increase incidence of recurrence (RR = 1.749, 95% CI = 1.444 to 2.119, p=<0.001) and significantly poorer 3-year (RR = 0.850, 95% CI = 0.772 to 0.935, p=0.001); (RR = 0.941, 95%CI = 0.927 to 0.956, p=<0.001) survival chances for RCTs and non-RCTs respectively. 5-year survivability was (RR=0.856, 95% CI = 0.835 to 0.878, p=0.001).ConclusionAlthough RFA was associated with decreased duration of hospital stay, it was associated with increased chances of recurrence compared to hepatic resection. 3-year survival rate was also poorer.
p53 translational-isoform Δ40p53 regulates cell cycle by modulating the miR-4671-5p/SGSH axis
Authors: Pal Apala , Ghosh Pritam Kumar , Ghosh Sahana , Tripathi Sachin Kumar , Guha Sohini , Coca Pragnya , Patra Subrata , Prathima K.M. , Khan Debjit , Das Manjula , Maitra Arindam , Das Saumitra 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTParsing functions of tumour suppressor geneTP53is inherently complicated owing to multiple p53 isoforms it encodes. Δ40p53, the only translational isoform, alters p53 target gene expression both positively and negatively, thereby modulating p53 functional activity. Independent of p53, Δ40p53 regulates miR-186-5p–YY1 axis to decrease cell proliferation. To uncover more such miRNAs that are differentially regulated by Δ40p53 and p53, in this study, we performed small RNA sequencing. Overexpression of Δ40p53, but not full-length (FL) p53, substantially downregulated expression of miR-4671-5p. However, upon overexpression of different ratios of Δ40p53 and FLp53, changes in miR-4671-5p levels implied that it is a FLp53 modifiable target. In anin-silicoapproach, we identified N- sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH) as a candidate miR-4671-5p target. The expression levels of SGSH show potential prognostic significance for survival that trends oppositely to miR-4671-5p levels associated with the same cancer types, which supports a direct physiological relevance of their interaction. Furthermore, decreasedSGSHmRNA and protein levels were observed with siΔ40p53 as well as upon overexpression of miR-4671-5p, confirming the molecular interplay. Notably, overexpression of miR-4671-5p led to intra-S- phase cell cycle arrest. Therefore, the Δ40p53-miR-4671-5p-SGSH axis emerges as a novel regulatory pathway influencing cell cycle progression. We also expanded our study to a cohort of colorectal cancer patient samples. Results indicate that the expression level of Δ40p53 can stratify miR-4671-5p andSGSHmRNA levels, validating their inverse correlation observed in the cellular scenario. Collectively, these findings significantly enhance our understanding of the functions of Δ40p53 mediated by miRNAs, contributing to the maintenance of metabolic and cellular homeostasis independent of full-length p53.
Microeukaryotic predators shape the wastewater microbiome
Authors: Heck Nils , Freudenthal Jule , Dumack Kenneth 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe physicochemical parameters that shape the prokaryotic community composition in wastewater have been extensively studied. In contrast, it is poorly understood whether and how biotic interactions affect the prokaryotic community composition in wastewater. We used metatranscriptomics data from a bioreactor sampled weekly over 14 months to investigate the wastewater microbiome, including often neglected microeukaryotes. Our analysis revealed that while prokaryotes are unaffected by seasonal changes in water temperature, they are impacted by a seasonal, temperature-induced change in the microeukaryotic community. Our findings suggest that selective predation pressure exerted by microeukaryotes is a significant factor shaping the prokaryotic community in wastewater. This study underscores the importance of investigating the entire wastewater microbiome to develop a comprehensive understanding of wastewater treatment.
Supplementary motor area in speech initiation: a large-scale intracranial EEG evaluation of stereotyped word articulation
Authors: Bullock Latané , Forseth Kiefer J , Woolnough Oscar , Rollo Patrick S , Tandon Nitin 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSpeech production is known to engage a distributed network. The brain regions responsible for the initiation of articulation are unclear, and they would be expected to coordinate a distributed network. Using direct intracranial recordings in a large cohort, during stereotyped speech production to eliminate confounds of phonological and semantic complexity, we performed a comprehensive analysis of cortical sites engaged in speech initiation. We found that the supplementary motor area (SMA) was the earliest speech motor region to be active prior to speech onset and was active almost exclusively prior to articulation. Broadband gamma activity in the SMA was predictive of the response time of word production, predicting response time from 250 ms after stimulus onset. Neural activity in SMA began at a highly predictable time after stimulus onset and extended until speech onset. SMA activityoffsetcoincided with ventral premotor cortex and primary motor activityonset. This suggests that the SMA may coordinate the concerted activation of motor execution cortex. Our results support the idea that SMA is a key node in the speech initiation network.Significance statementProducing speech requires coordination across multiple brain regions. One cortical region - the supplementary motor area (SMA) - has long been a candidate region to coordinate across other regions to initiate speech production. In this study, we used human intracranial recordings from patients with epilepsy to investigate the role of the SMA in initiating speech. In a picture-naming task, subjects repeated the word “scrambled” scores of times; using this condition to eliminate any linguistic confounds, we found that the SMA was consistently one of the earliest regions to activate during word production. We also uncovered the SMA’s temporally precise tuning to speech onset at the single-trial level.
Activation of aVibrio choleraeCBASS anti-phage system by quorum sensing and folate depletion
Authors: Severin Geoffrey B. , Ramliden Miriam S. , Ford Kathryne C. , Van Alst Andrew J. , Sanath-Kumar Ram , Decker Kaitlin A. , Hsueh Brian Y. , Yoon Soo Hun , Demey Lucas M. , O’Hara Brendan J. , Rhoades Christopher R. , DiRita Victor J. , Ng Wai-Leung , Waters Christopher M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractA major challenge faced by bacteria is infection by bacteriophage (phage). Abortive infection is one strategy for combating phage in which an infected cell kills itself to limit phage replication, thus protecting neighboring kin. One class of abortive infection systems is thecyclic oligonucleotidebasedanti-phagesignalingsystem (CBASS) which relies on two core enzymatic activities; an oligo-nucleotide cyclase that is activated following phage infection and a cyclic-oligo-nucleotide sensitive effector whose activity kills the infected cell. However, the mechanisms behind the deployment and activation of these lethal CBASS systems prior-to and following infection have largely remained a mystery. While exploring unique genomic features of the current pandemicVibrio choleraebiotype El Tor for clues underlying its pandemic success we found its CBASS was spuriously activated by the folate biosynthesis inhibitor sulfamethoxazole, but only after the population had reached a high-cell density. This population density dependent activity revealed that transcription of both the oligo-nucleotide cyclase,dncV, and the CBASS phospholipase effector,capV, is enhanced at high-cell density by quorum sensing. Together, these results demonstrate that theV. choleraeCBASS is deployed when the environment is densely populated and activated in response to a perturbation in folate biosynthesis.SignificanceTo counteract infection with phage, bacteria have evolved a myriad of molecular defense systems. Some of these systems initiate a process called abortive infection, in which the infected cell kills itself to prevent phage propagation. However, such systems must be inhibited in the absence of phage infection to prevent spurious death of the host. Here we show that thecyclic oligonucleotidebasedanti-phagesignalingsystem (CBASS) accomplishes this by sensing intracellular folate molecules and only expressing this system in a group. These results enhance our understanding of the evolution of the 7thV. choleraepandemic and more broadly how bacteria defend themselves against phage infection.
Programmatic implementation of kangaroo mother care: a systematic synthesis of grey literature
Authors: Bergh Anne-Marie , Gupta Shuchita , Rao Suman 
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence on the effectiveness of kangaroo mother care (KMC) is available and guidelines have been formulated. However, little is known about the programmatic implementation of KMC at national and subnational levels.MethodsA structured search of grey literature was conducted to identify reports of national or subnational level implementation of KMC to understand the population-based coverage of KMC, availability of KMC services at national and subnational levels, programmatic approaches to scale, and health systems actions that may influence KMC scale-up. The search strategy included two rounds of screening using a variety of grey literature search engines, portals, repositories, and targeted websites, as well as snowball sampling. Data from 212 documents were extracted and transferred into a database with an extensive topic list. These documents were then classified as “for in-depth analysis”, “possible nuggets”, and “not important”. Further analysis of 42 information-rich documents was conducted with NVivo software to identify recurring themes.FindingsWe found information on KMC implementation on a national or subnational scale for 18 countries. Estimates for national- or subnational-level population-based coverage of KMC were available from only six countries (Colombia 63%, the Philippines 53%, Malawi 22%, Bangladesh 22%, India 13%, Viet Nam 8%). Information on the availability of KMC services was scant and fragmented, with no information on their quality. Programmatic KMC implementation is characterised by leadership from a variety of implementation partners and by different implementation trajectories. Countries for which information on KMC implementation was available shared common health system actions such as the inclusion of KMC in national policy, recognition of KMC as a priority newborn health intervention and strong advocacy by champions at all levels, dedicated investment in KMC and in some cases insurance cover for KMC, capacity building and motivation among health workers, dedicated space for KMC with equipment and supplies, support for KMC practice, and data collection and use.ConclusionProgrammatic implementation of KMC requires action in multiple health system building blocks with a focus on monitoring and evaluation of availability and quality of services, along with coverage.
Diverging asymmetry of intrinsic functional organization in autism
Authors: Wan Bin , Hong Seok-Jun , Bethlehem Richard A.I. , Floris Dorothea L. , Bernhardt Boris C. , Valk Sofie L. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAutism is a neurodevelopmental condition involving atypical sensory-perceptual functions together with language and socio-cognitive deficits. Previous work has reported subtle alterations in the asymmetry of brain structure and reduced laterality of functional activation in individuals with autism relative to non-autistic individuals (NAI). However, whether functional asymmetries show altered intrinsic systematic organization in autism remains unclear. Here, we computed inter- and intra-hemispheric asymmetry of intrinsic functional gradients capturing connectome organization along three axes, stretching between sensory-default, somatomotor-visual, and default-multiple demand networks, to study system-level hemispheric imbalances in autism. We observed decreased leftward functional asymmetry of language network organization in individuals with autism, relative to NAI. Whereas language network asymmetry varied across age groups in NAI, this was not the case in autism, suggesting atypical functional laterality in autism may result from altered developmental trajectories. Finally, we observed that intra-but not inter-hemispheric features were predictive of the severity of autistic traits. In sum, our findings illustrate how regional and patterned functional lateralization is altered in autism at the system level. Such differences may be rooted in altered developmental trajectories of functional organization asymmetry in autism.