bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of vascular access methods for hemodialysis in Serbia: Results from SerbVasc registry
Authors: Stepanovic Nemanja , Popovic Miroslava , Bogosavac Marijana , Damnjanovic Zoran , Matejevic David , Ljatifi Enes , Zoranovic Radivoje , Jemcov Tamara , Tanaskovic Slobodan , Koncar Igor 
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In many countries, hemodialysis is still the most common method of renal replacement. Significant regional variations exist in creating and maintaining vascular access for hemodialysis. Therefore, analyzing national registries with vascular access data is essential for developing effective national treatment strategies. The Serbian national vascular surgery registry was established as part of the VascuNet collaboration network in 2019. The registry comprehensively records vascular procedures across Serbia, including those related to vascular access for hemodialysis. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of different vascular access methods for hemodialysis in Serbia, focusing on both new and prevalent patients and examining demographic differences and risk factors. Patients and methods: The data were collected from the vascular accesses section of the SerbVasc registry over a 3-year observational period, focusing on the following aspects: number of incident and prevalent patients with types of vascular access, as well as comparison of patients with arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), arteriovenous grafts (AVG), central venous catheters (CVC), and tCVC based on age, gender, smoking, and comorbidities. Results: There were total of 1024 incident hemodialysis patients. AVF was created in 219 patients (21.4%), AVG in 5 patients (0.5%), and tCVC in 150 patients (14.6%), while hemodialysis via CVC was initiated in 650 (63.5%) patients. The total number of permanent vascular accesses for HD was 1402, comprising 686 (48.9%) distal AFVs, 220 (15.7%) proximal AVFs, 91 (6.4%) AVGs, and 405 (28.8%) tCVCs. The prevalence of current smoking was highest in the tCVC (48.3%) and lowest in the dAVF group (18.40%). Conclusion: The percentage of patients starting hemodialysis with AVF remains suboptimal. tCVC is used substantially as first and permanent access, particularly among older patients.
Absence of Cysteine and Iron Chelation Induces Ferroptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Neeraj Manvi Agarwal , Choi JunJeong 
Published: January 2025

Background: Ferroptosis is a recently studied form of programmed cell death characterized by lipid peroxides accumulation in the cells. This process occurs when a cell’s antioxidant capacity is disturbed resulting in the inability of the cell to detoxify the toxic peroxides. Two major components that regulate ferroptosis are cysteine and iron. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of cysteine deficiency and iron chelation on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) ferroptosis in a lipid-enriched microenvironment. Design: The study has a laboratory-based experimental design. This study used the MDA-MB-231 cell line in various in vitro cell culture systems to investigate the research question. Methods: For the first part of the study, we subjected MDA-MB-231 cells to grow in cysteine-absent adipocyte-conditioned media. In the second half, we treated MDA-MB-231 cells with iron chelator, deferoxamine. BODIPY imaging and western blot were carried out to observe ferroptosis in the cells under the 2 conditions. Results: The results showed that cysteine absence in the conditioned media was able to reduce the formation of lipid droplets, which increased the greater access to free fatty acids to undergo oxidation, therefore inducing ferroptosis. On the contrary, cells when treated with deferoxamine along with erastin (ferroptosis-inducing drug), showed an increase in cell iron content was observed, later inducing ferroptosis. Conclusion: Our results show an alternative function of cysteine and deferoxamine, one regulating lipid droplets and the other inducing ferroptosis, although an inhibitor of the same, respectively.
Research Attitudes Questionnaire scores and retention in a recruitment registry
Authors: Witbracht Megan , Xu Yiren , Morgan Olivia B , Salazar Christian R , Hoang Dan , Kind Amy , Gillen Daniel L , Grill Joshua D 
Published: January 2025

Background Recruitment registries are maximally effective when registrants are retained to the point of referral. The Research Attitudes Questionnaire (RAQ) has previously been shown to predict research participation behaviors, including Alzheimer's disease clinical trial completion. Objective To test the hypothesis that RAQ score is associated with retention behaviors in a local recruitment registry. Methods Using data from the UC Irvine Consent-to-Contact Registry, a recruitment registry that enrolls adults 18 years and older, we used logistic regression to quantify the association of RAQ score and the odds of first-year non-renewal. Covariates included demographic variables, comorbidities, and recruitment source. In longitudinal analyses, we used discrete proportional hazards and Cox proportional hazards models to quantify the relationship between RAQ score and time to non-renewal and time to active withdrawal, respectively. Results Among n = 4663 participants, we estimated that a 5-point higher baseline RAQ score was associated with a 15% lower odds of first-year non-renewal, after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: (0.79, 0.92), p < 0.001). Older age and higher education were also associated with lower odds of non-renewal while Asian race, Hispanic ethnicity, and certain recruitment sources (e.g., doctor or friend referral) were associated with higher odds of non-renewal. Higher baseline RAQ and higher annually updated RAQ were both significantly associated with lower odds of non-renewal longitudinally. Age, education, and some recruitment sources, but not RAQ, were associated with active withdrawal. Conclusions Opportunities exist to identify predictors of registry retention behaviors and possible targets for intervention to improve related outcomes.
Modulating effects of fitness and physical activity on Alzheimer's disease: Implications from a six-month randomized controlled sports intervention
Authors: David Shari , Costa Ana S , Hohenfeld Christian , Romanzetti Sandro , Mirzazade Shahram , Pahl Jennifer , Haberl Luisa , Schneider Kai M , Kilders Axel , Eggermann Thomas , Trautwein Christian , Hildebrand Frank , Schulz Jörg B , Reetz Kathrin , Haeger Alexa 
Published: January 2025

Background Physical activity and fitness are major targets in Alzheimer's disease (AD) preventive research. However, current research is heterogeneous and often disregards the relationship between these parameters and disease outcomes. Objective To assess the effects of physical activity and fitness on AD within the context of a multicomponent sports intervention. Methods 46 participants with early-stage AD (mean age 70 ± 7 years, 18 women, mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score 19±5) were included in a six-month randomized controlled trial (Dementia-MOVE), participating in either a multicomponent sports intervention or a control condition with a psychoeducational program. The modulating effect of fitness and physical activity changes on AD outcome parameters such as cognition, function and cerebral brain structure from 3T-MRI were examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Results An increase in VO2max was associated with assignment to the intervention group ( p = 0.016), lower baseline fitness ( p = 0.001), and an increased rate of physical activity ( p = 0.046). Only in the intervention group, ΔVO2max had a beneficial modulating effect on the MoCA score ( p = 0.039), the executive functions ( p = 0.017) and regional brain volumes of the temporal lobe, e.g., the hippocampus ( p = 0.044). High daily step count was associated with preserved executive functions ( p = 0.001), and caregivers’ quality of life ( p ≤ 0.001) in the overall sample. Conclusions Our results confirm that multicomponent exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in AD, which is associated with advantageous developments in cognitive performance and preservation of brain structure. These findings suggest that especially patients with comparably worse cognition and fitness benefit and should be encouraged for activity engagement.
Validation of Spatial Orientation Screening questionnaire for use in memory clinic patients
Authors: Tangen Gro Gujord , Engedal Knut , Persson Karin , Selbæk Geir , Dakhil Shams , McArdle Riona , Mjørud Marit , Røsvik Janne , Mengshoel Anne Marit , Knapskog Anne Brita 
Published: January 2025

Background Spatial orientation is required for independent mobility in society. Deficits in spatial orientation can be an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and there is a need for brief assessment tools to identify impairments. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct and known-group validity of our newly developed Spatial Orientation Screening (SOS) questionnaire. Methods We included 132 patients with subjective cognitive decline (n = 16), mild cognitive impairment (n = 32), or all-cause dementia (n = 84) from a memory clinic and a reference group of cognitively unimpaired older adults (n = 108). The patients and their next-of-kin answered the self- and proxy-rated versions of the 4-item SOS (0–8 points) and the 10-item Questionnaire of Everyday Navigational Ability (QuENA, 0–30 points). The patients also performed the Floor Maze Test (FMT) for performance-based spatial abilities. Results Mean ages (SD) of the patient and reference groups were 68.6 (±7.6) years and 73.7 (±6.7) years, respectively. Construct validity between self-rated versions of the SOS and QuENA was satisfactory with rs = 0.66, between the proxy-rated versions rs = 0.61, and between the proxy-reported SOS and FMT rs = 0.49 (all p < 0.001). Known-group validity was also acceptable, with significantly higher median (IQR) SOS self-reported scores in patients 1.0 (2.0) compared to the reference group 0.2 (0.5) points, (p < 0.001). Informants reported more severe impairments compared to the patients’ self-reports on both SOS and QuENA (both p < 0.001). Conclusions The SOS had satisfactory validity for use as a screening instrument for assessment of spatial orientation in memory clinic patients.
Discovering potential ERK1 inhibitors from natural products for therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Taufeeq Mohammad , Choudhury Arunabh , Hussain Afzal , Alajmi Mohamed F , Mohammad Taj , Shamsi Anas , Hassan Md Imtaiyaz 
Published: January 2025

Background Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) belongs to mitogen-activated protein kinases, which are essential for memory formation, cognitive function, and synaptic plasticity. During Alzheimer's disease (AD), ERK1 phosphorylates tau at 15 phosphorylation sites, leading to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The overactivation of ERK1 in microglia promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which results in neuroinflammation. Additionally, elevated oxidative stress during AD stimulates the ERK1 pathway, leading to neuronal loss. Objective Because ERK1 signaling plays a significant role in tau phosphorylation, targeting ERK1 may be therapeutically beneficial by either preventing excessive activation of the signaling pathway or altering its pathway to enhance neuroprotective effects during AD. Methods This study employed structure-based virtual screening of phytoconstituents from the IMPPAT library. Subsequently, in-depth docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were implemented to identify potential ERK1 inhibitors with desirable pharmacological properties. Results Silandrin and Hydroxytuberosone were found to be potential ERK1 inhibitors with higher affinity and specificity than the control molecule Tizaterkib. These compounds specifically bind to the ERK1 substrate binding pocket and interact with crucial residues. Finally, the elucidated compounds with ERK1 were evaluated using an all-atom molecular MD simulation to analyze structural dynamics, structural compactness, hydrogen bond dynamics, principal component analysis, and free energy landscape. Conclusions The study suggested that Silandrin and Hydroxytuberosone can further be exploited as potential lead molecules for therapeutic development against ERK1-mediated AD.
Tele-mentorship versus in-person mentorship for trainee performance of cricothyroidotomy
Authors: Rosenberg Meagan L. , Goebel Mathew , LaPorte Mackenzie , Carpenter Cassidy , Clark Ryan , Kelly Seth , Carey Yamuna , Kelly Edward , Kamine Tovy H. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction Physicians and other first-line medical care providers may find themselves in an airway management emergency where they cannot ventilate, cannot oxygenate, and have limited resources to aid them. The rise in use of tele-health and other virtual interfaces creates the opportunity to bring experienced guidance to a resource-poor critical airway situation. We aimed to compare in-person mentoring (IPM) by an emergency medicine (EM) physician to tele-mentoring (TM) by a trauma surgeon for an emergent surgical airway. Methods Thirty EM residents were randomized to cricothyroidotomy on a model with IPM or TM. The IPM preceptor was an EM attending, and TM preceptors were trauma surgeons. The procedure was timed and graded on a Global Rating Scale (GRS). Post-procedure, mentor and trainee completed a NASA Task Load Index (TLX). Results There was no difference in procedure success; however, the IPM group took longer (163.6 vs. 107.6 s, p < 0.05). TM trainees experienced greater temporal demand (4.27 vs. 2.73, p = 0.03). Telementors recorded improved performance compared to in-person mentors (2.30 vs. 4.17, p < 0.05). Comparing mentors and trainees in each arm, IPM trainees felt more temporal demand than their mentors (4.63 vs. 2.73, p < 0.05) while TM trainees felt they had worse performance than their mentors perceived (4.23 vs. 2.3, p = 0.01). Discussion Performance based on GRS between groups was equal; however, those with telementors secured the airway more rapidly. Telementors reported higher performance and lower time pressure than in-person preceptors. This data suggests that TM is effective for precepting cricothyroidotomy and may be the superior option in some settings.
Machine Learning–Aided Diagnosis Enhances Human Detection of Perilunate Dislocations
Authors: Luan Anna , von Rabenau Lisa , Serebrakian Arman T. , Crowe Christopher S. , Do Bao H. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Chang James , Pridgen Brian C. 
Published: January 2025

Background: Perilunate/lunate injuries are frequently misdiagnosed. We hypothesize that utilization of a machine learning algorithm can improve human detection of perilunate/lunate dislocations. Methods: Participants from emergency medicine, hand surgery, and radiology were asked to evaluate 30 lateral wrist radiographs for the presence of a perilunate/lunate dislocation with and without the use of a machine learning algorithm, which was used to label the lunate. Human performance with and without the machine learning tool was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score. Results: A total of 137 participants were recruited, with 55 respondents from emergency medicine, 33 from radiology, and 49 from hand surgery. Thirty-nine participants were attending physicians or fellows, and 98 were residents. Use of the machine learning tool improved specificity from 88% to 94%, accuracy from 89% to 93%, and F1 score from 0.89 to 0.92. When stratified by training level, attending physicians and fellows had an improvement in specificity from 93% to 97%. For residents, use of the machine learning tool resulted in improved accuracy from 86% to 91% and specificity from 86% to 93%. The performance of surgery and radiology residents improved when assisted by the tool to achieve similar accuracy to attendings, and their assisted diagnostic performance reaches levels similar to that of the fully automated artificial intelligence tool. Conclusions: Use of a machine learning tool improves resident accuracy for radiographic detection of perilunate dislocations, and improves specificity for all training levels. This may help to decrease misdiagnosis of perilunate dislocations, particularly when subspecialist evaluation is delayed.
Pharmacist accessibility for non-native Japanese speakers: A cross-sectional study in Japan
Authors: Suzuki Shota , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Nakayama Takeo , Okada Hiroshi 
Published: January 2025

Background: Pharmacists, being one of the more readily accessible primary health care professionals, must ensure accessibility. With growing internationalization, those in Japanese community pharmacies increasingly interact with non-Japanese speakers. This study aimed to understand how Japanese pharmacies can fulfill accessibility needs by accounting for patients’ native language and culture. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacies in 2 Japanese municipalities (Hirakata and Suma) was conducted between September and October, 2022. The survey questionnaire included questions on “interaction with non-native Japanese speakers”, “impressions during dialogue”, and “characteristics and preparedness of pharmacies”. The responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The response rate was 30.9% (46/149) in Hirakata and 50.0% (29/58) in Suma. The frequency of contact with non-native Japanese speakers at least once a month was 47.8% (22/46) in Hirakata and 55.2% (16/29) in Suma. The main purpose of the visits was to obtain prescription medicines. English was the most commonly used language, as seen on the website, patient forms, medicine bags, informational materials, and staff language skills. However, fewer than half of the stores offered this service. Chinese, Korean, and Vietnamese were even less common. Discussion: Pharmacists, often recognized for their accessibility among primary health care providers, demonstrated limited readiness to serve non-native Japanese speakers in the surveyed regions. To enhance service to diverse pharmacy visitors, improved preparedness for linguistic and cultural differences and cultural competence education are recommended. Conclusion: Japanese pharmacies face barriers in providing language-aligned care to service visitors with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. By preparing for linguistic differences and providing cultural competency education, pharmacies can improve accessibility to effectively serve diverse populations.
Perceptions of community healthcare workers on the use of teledentistry for seniors in Singapore: A qualitative study
Authors: Nurjono Milawaty , Ho Ezra , Lee Jing Yi , Petcu Roland , Sim Christina PC 
Published: January 2025

Objective This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators surrounding the implementation of TDOCS from Community Health Workers (CHW)'s perspective before TDOCS implementation. Methods A descriptive qualitative study was conducted through semistructured interviews with a purposive sampling of CHWs from partner nursing homes and home care teams. A French framework outlining barriers to asynchronous oral teleconsultation adoption was used to develop the topic guide for this study. Then, the Consolidated Framework for Implementation research (CFIR 1.0) was used to guide coding and analysis. Results A total of 43 CHWs from participating institutions were interviewed prior to receiving teledentistry training. Perceived barriers included low awareness about the importance of dental care, limiting conditions to T-DOCS participation among beneficiaries, limited understanding of T-DOCS, perceived low self-efficacy among CHWs, manpower shortages, perceived low priority of dental care, competition with other nursing duties and restricted access due to COVID-19. Facilitators included existing relationships between CHWs and beneficiaries, receptivity towards participation, CHWs’ motivation to upskill and improve dental care for seniors, prior experience with other telemedicine technology, perceived need for change, supportive management, colleagues and existing impediments to access dental care. Conclusion This study identified barriers and facilitators to implementing T-DOCS from the CHWs’ perspectives. We recommend for targeted CHW training, programme champions, workflow integration and incentivisation schemes. Addressing challenges like manpower strain and resource limitations through efficient scheduling and capacity building is vital for sustainability. Policy-level support, including legal frameworks, funding and regulatory structures, is essential for integrating teledentistry into mainstream healthcare.
Community-Partnered Training in Trauma-Informed Primary Care for Patients Experiencing Reentry From Incarceration: A Pilot Training Study
Authors: Szkodny Lauren E. , Yared Mahlet A. , Bardach Shoshana H. , Lascaze Joseph , Stevens Randy , Adachi-Mejia Anna M. , Satcher Milan F. 
Published: January 2025

Introduction/Objectives: Patients returning to the community from incarceration (ie, reentry) are at heightened risk of experiencing trauma when interacting with the healthcare system. Healthcare professionals may not recognize patients’ trauma reactions or know how to effectively respond. This paper describes the development and pilot evaluation of a single-session training to prepare primary care teams to deliver trauma-informed care (TIC) to patients experiencing reentry. Methods: A multidisciplinary team including community members with lived experience engaged in a multiphase human-centered design process that incorporated interviews, discussions, and a participatory process to design and evaluate a single-session interactive pilot training targeting providers’ attitudes toward formerly incarcerated patients and confidence to deliver TIC. Results: Both pre- and post-training surveys were completed by 12 TIC training attendees, which included primary care providers and staff. Trainees reported significant increases in confidence to reduce potentially re-traumatizing practices and improved attitudes toward formerly incarcerated individuals. They also expressed interest in receiving additional TIC training and learning how best to care for and meet the needs of persons with a history of incarceration. Trainees described the panel of community members with lived experience as one of the most rewarding aspects of the training. Conclusion: Centering people with lived experience in the training design and delivery produced a single-session TIC training that was both well-received and effective. Our TIC training helped primary care providers and staff move from being merely informed on trauma to having the self-efficacy to prevent and respond to trauma reactions during encounters with all patients, particularly those with a history of incarceration.