bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“It's going to help me in life”: Forms, sources, and functions of social support for youth in natural mentoring relationships
Authors: Varga Shannon M. , Yu Mark Vincent B. , Johnson Haley E. , Futch Ehrlich Valerie , Deutsch Nancy L. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial support is associated with positive physical and psychological health outcomes for youth. We took a qualitative approach to examine the sources, forms, and functions of social support youth receive from natural mentoring relationships in their lives. Based on in‐depth interviews with 40 adolescents participating in a study of youth–adult relationships and natural mentoring processes, we found that (1) different types of adults had the capacity to provide different types of support and were likely to provide overlapping supports; (2) emotional, informational, and instrumental support qualitatively differed depending on the adult's role (e.g., teacher), while companionship and validation were consistent across adults; and (3) youth were able to identify benefits attached to the social support received from adults. Our findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of aspects and characteristics of effective youth–adult mentoring processes and call for fuller assessments of social support in youths' lives so we may better meet their developmental needs.
The relationship between posttraumatic growth and forgiveness following the drug‐related death of a loved one
Authors: Sperandio Katharine R. , Gutierrez Daniel , Tuazon Victor E. , Kirk Meghan , Lopez Jessica 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis study explored the relationship between forgiveness and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in a sample of individuals who experienced a drug‐related death of a loved one (n = 292). Findings indicated that self‐forgiveness is strongly correlated with PTG. Study implications and limitations are also reviewed and discussed.
Robotic versus open Ivor–Lewis esophagectomy: A more accurate lymph node dissection without burdening the leak rate
Authors: Weindelmayer Jacopo , De Pasqual Carlo Alberto , Turolo Cecilia , Gervasi Maria Clelia , Sacco Michele , Bencivenga Maria , Giacopuzzi Simone 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundRobotic‐assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE) combines the beneficial effects of minimally invasive surgery on postoperative complications, especially on pulmonary ones, with the safety of the anastomosis performed in open surgery. Moreover, RAMIE could allow a more accurate lymphadenectomy.MethodsWe reviewed our database to identify all patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus treated by Ivor–Lewis esophagectomy in the period January 2014 to June 2022. Patients were divided according to the thoracic approach into RAMIE and open esophagectomy (OE) groups. We compared the groups for early surgical outcomes, 90‐day mortality as well as R0 rate, and the number of lymph nodes harvested.ResultsWe identified 47 patients in RAMIE and 159 patients in the OE group. Baseline characteristics were comparable. Operative time was significantly longer for RAMIE procedures (p < 0.01); however, we did not observe the difference in overall (RAMIE 55.5% vs. OE 61%, p = 0.76) and severe complications rate (RAMIE 17% vs. OE 22.6%, p = 0.4). The anastomotic leak rate was 2.1% after RAMIE and 6.9% after OE (p = 0.56). We did not report the difference in 90‐day mortality (RAMIE 2.1% vs. OE 1.9%, p = 0.65). In the RAMIE group, we observed a significantly higher number of thoracic lymph nodes harvested, with a median of 10 lymph nodes in the RAMIE group versus 8 in the OE group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsIn our experience, RAMIE has morbimortality rates comparable to OE. Moreover, it allows a more accurate thoracic lymphadenectomy which results in a higher thoracic lymph nodes retrieval rate.
Determining the optimal radiation‐surgery interval (RSI) for oncologic proctectomy following radiotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Bobel Matthew C. , McGee Michael F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPreoperative radiotherapy has improved outcomes in rectal cancer patients, however, the optimal interval between radiation and proctectomy is unknown. A review of contemporary literature suggests an 8–12 week interval between radiation and surgery likely improves tumor response rates for rectal cancer patients undergoing proctectomy, which may convey modest improvements in long‐term oncologic outcomes. Prolonged radiation‐surgery intervals may expose surgeons to pelvic fibrosis, however, which may impact later‐term proctectomies and compromise perioperative and oncologic outcomes.
miR‐29a‐3p promotes the regulatory role of eicosapentaenoic acid in the NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy in microglial cells
Authors: Pan Jian‐Ping , Xie Jia‐Li , Huang Li‐Yun , Wu Qi‐Zhen , Tang Dan‐Feng , Jin Qi , Wang Wei , Yang Ming‐Fu 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been reported to play an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative stress role in a series of human diseases, including major depressive disorder. However, its exact mechanism is still largely unknown. Mouse BV‐2 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an in vitro inflammatory cell model of depression. Cytotoxic effects were assessed with MTT and lactate dehydrigebase release assays. Cytokine mediators were elevated by western blot and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Autophagy‐relators were determined by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. Interaction relationships among molecules were evaluated utilizing chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays. Methylated miR‐29a‐3p was detected via methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction. EPA treatment at 60 μM had no cytotoxic effects on BV2 cells and significantly inhibited the LPS‐induced inflammatory response and NLRP3 inflammasome but activated autophagy, while all these effects were reversed by the autophagy inhibitor 3‐MA. Importantly, miR‐29a‐3p exhibited a role similar to that of EPA in LPS‐treated BV2 cells. Mechanistically, EPA treatment elevated miR‐29a‐3p by repressing its promoter methylation. MAPK8 was a direct target of miR‐29a‐3p. Inhibition of miR‐29a‐3p greatly diminished the regulatory roles mediated by EPA in LPS‐treated BV2 cells, while these roles were further impeded after MAPK8 silencing. To conclude, our data demonstrated that EPA treatment alleviated LPS‐induced NLRP3 inflammasomes by activating autophagy via regulation of miR‐29a‐3p/MAPK8 signaling, which further elucidates the potential antidepressant mechanism of EPA.
Hypothyroidism as an Independent Predictor of 30‐day Readmission in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Nyirjesy Sarah C. , Zhao Songzhu , Judd Ryan , McCrary Hilary , Kuhar Hannah N. , Farlow Janice L. , Seim Nolan B. , Rocco James W. , Kang Stephen Y. , Haring Catherine T. 
Published: March 2023

ObjectivesTo define the role of hypothyroidism and other risk factors for unplanned readmissions after surgery for head and neck cancer.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was used to identify patients who underwent surgery for mucosal head and neck cancer (oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx) between 2010 and 2017. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine patient, tumor, and hospital related risk factors for 30‐day readmission. Readmitted patients were stratified by preoperative diagnosis of hypothyroidism to compare readmission characteristics.ResultsFor the 131,013 patients who met inclusion criteria, the readmission rate was 15.9%. Overall, 11.91% of patients had a preoperative diagnosis of hypothyroidism. After controlling for other variables, patients with a preoperative diagnosis of hypothyroidism had 12.2% higher odds of readmission compared to those without hypothyroidism (OR: 1.12, 1.03–1.22, p = 0.008). Patients with hypothyroidism had different reasons for readmission, including higher rates of wound dehiscence, fistula, infection, and electrolyte imbalance. Among readmitted patients, the length of stay for index admission (mean 10.5 days vs. 9.2 days, p < 0.001), readmission (mean 7.0 vs. 6.6 days, p = 0.05), and total hospital charge were higher for hypothyroid patients ($137,742 vs. $119,831, p < 0.001).ConclusionHypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for 30‐day readmission following head and neck cancer resection. Furthermore, hypothyroid patients are more likely to be readmitted for wound complications, infection, and electrolyte imbalance. Targeted interventions should be considered for hypothyroid patients to decrease readmission rates and associated patient morbidity, potentially leading to earlier initiation of adjuvant treatment.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 133:2988–2998, 2023
Lakes protect downstream riverine habitats from chloride toxicity
Authors: Rock Linnea A. , Dugan Hilary A. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractFreshwater salinization from anthropogenic activities threatens water quality and habitat suitability for many lakes and rivers in North America. Recognizing that salinization is a stress on freshwater environments globally, research on watershed salt transport is necessary for informed management strategies. Prior to this research, there were few studies that examined salt export regimes along a river–lake continuum to investigate the drivers, temporal dynamics, and modulators of freshwater salinization. Here, we use high‐frequency in situ monitoring to assess specific conductance–discharge (cQ) relationships, chloride concentrations and fluxes, and the role of lakes in downstream salt transport. The Upper Yahara River Watershed in southern Wisconsin, USA, is a mixed urban and agricultural watershed where the lakes' chloride concentrations have risen from < 5 mg L−1 in the 1940s to > 50–80 mg L−1 in 2021. Our results suggest cQ behavior depends on land use, with urban areas exhibiting more frequent mobilization events during stormflow and agricultural areas exhibiting predominantly dilution dynamics. In addition, chloride loading is driven by hydrology and watershed size whereas concentrations and yields are a function of anthropogenic drivers like urbanization. We demonstrate how an in‐network lake attenuates downstream salinity, dampening the hydrologic, anthropogenic, and seasonal patterns observed in rivers upstream of the lake. Importantly, biogeochemical processes in lakes overlay a seasonal signal on salinity that must be considered when investigating temporal dynamics of anthropogenic salinization. This research contributes to understanding of temporal dynamics of salt export through watersheds and can be used to inform management strategies for habitat protection.
Recent progress and structural analyses of domain‐selective BET inhibitors
Authors: Divakaran Anand , Harki Daniel A. , Pomerantz William C. K. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms for controlling gene expression through heritable modifications to DNA, RNA, and proteins, are essential processes in maintaining cellular homeostasis. As a result of their central role in human diseases, the proteins responsible for adding, removing, or recognizing epigenetic modifications have emerged as viable drug targets. In the case of lysine‐ε‐N‐acetylation (Kac), bromodomains serve as recognition modules (“readers”) of this activating epigenetic mark and competition of the bromodomain‐Kac interaction with small‐molecule inhibitors is an attractive strategy to control aberrant bromodomain‐mediated gene expression. The bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) family proteins contain eight similar bromodomains. These BET bromodomains are among the more commonly studied bromodomain classes with numerous pan‐BET inhibitors showing promising anticancer and anti‐inflammatory efficacy. However, these results have yet to translate into Food and Drug Administration‐approved drugs, in part due to a high degree of on‐target toxicities associated with pan‐BET inhibition. Improved selectivity within the BET‐family has been proposed to alleviate these concerns. In this review, we analyze the reported BET‐domain selective inhibitors from a structural perspective. We highlight three essential characteristics of the reported molecules in generating domain selectivity, binding affinity, and mimicking Kac molecular recognition. In several cases, we provide insight into the design of molecules with improved specificity for individual BET‐bromodomains. This review provides a perspective on the current state of the field as this exciting class of inhibitors continue to be evaluated in the clinic.
Influence of input motion and surface layer properties on seismic site response: A stochastic simulation method–based MLR model
Authors: Yıldız Özgür 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeismic site response analyses are simulations in which the effects of geological conditions on seismic waves are examined. The uncertainties that make these analyses crucial are defined as the source of motion, the travel path of seismic waves, and geological conditions. In this study, a series of non‐linear seismic response analyses were performed using data from site investigation studies. The results of non‐linear analyses performed under earthquakes with different characteristics based on real soil data were investigated in terms of acceleration time histories and response spectra. The relationship between site response with the surface layer properties and input motion properties used in the simulations was examined in a parametrical manner. Based on the results obtained, Monte Carlo simulation, which is a stochastic data simulation method, was performed. Additionally, multiple regression and variance analysis (ANOVA) was performed on the dataset created by both site response analysis and stochastic simulations. The MLR model displayed highly accurate results with a coefficient of determination,R2of 0.9763, and a standard error of 0.109. The efficiency level of the independent variables used as input parameters in the simulations on the dependent variable, AF was examined. It was revealed that the coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest (Ko), earthquake motion (i.e., PGA of input motion) and surface layer thickness (dsurface) from the soil properties had the highest effect on the amplification factor.
Near‐optimal control of a class of output‐constrained systems using recurrent neural network: A control‐barrier function approach
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Surena , Farrokhi Mohammad 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a near‐optimal controller design for the constrained nonlinear affine systems based on a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Extended State Observers (ESOs). For this purpose, after defining a finite‐horizon integral‐type performance index, the prediction over the horizon is performed using the Taylor expansion that converts the primary problem into a finite‐dimensional optimization. In comparison with other controllers of the similar structure, the proposed method is capable of dealing with output constraints by employing the Control Barrier Function (CBF). The class of the output and input constraints are of the box‐type. Moreover, whereas several safe control approaches are proposed regardless of the performance of the closed‐loop system, this paper aims at achieving a near‐optimal performance as far as the constraints permit. As a result, a constrained optimization problem is achieved, where the online solution is obtained using a rapidly convergent RNN. Stability and the ease of implementation are some of the advantages of this network making the algorithm more reliable. Moreover, integrated stability analysis of the closed‐loop system that includes the dynamic RNN reveals that the closed‐loop system is stable in the sense of the Lyapunov stability theory. The effectiveness of the proposed control method in terms of the tracking performance and constraint satisfaction is illustrated through a simulating example of two‐inverted pendulums system. The results indicated advantages of the proposed method as compared with the recently published methods in well‐known literature.
Free Flap Fat Volume is Not Associated With Recurrence or Wound Complications in Oral Cancer
Authors: Burnham Andre J. , Wicks Jaime , Baugnon Kristen L. , El‐Deiry Mark W. , Schmitt Nicole C. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdipose stem cells (ASCs) have been shown in many preclinical studies to be potent suppressors of the immune system. Prior studies suggest that ASCs may promote cancer progression and wound healing. However, clinical studies investigating the effects of native, or fat‐grafted adipose tissue on cancer recurrence have generated mixed results. We investigated whether adipose content in reconstructive free flaps for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with disease recurrence and/or reduction in wound complications.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAcademic medical center.MethodsWe performed a review of 55 patients undergoing free flap reconstruction for OSCC over a 14‐month period. Using texture analysis software, we measured the relative free flap fat volume (FFFV) in postoperative computed tomography scans and compared fat volume with patient survival, recurrence, and wound healing complications.ResultsWe report no difference in mean FFFV between patients with or without recurrence: 13.47 cm3 in cancer‐free survivors and 17.99 cm3 in cases that recurred (p = .56). Two‐year recurrence‐free survival in patients with high and low FFFV was 61.0% and 59.1%, respectively (p = .917). Although only 9 patients had wound healing complications, we found no trend in the incidence of wound healing complications between patients with high versus low FFFV.ConclusionFFFV is not associated with recurrence or wound healing in patients undergoing free flap reconstruction for OSCC, suggesting adipose content should not be of concern to the reconstructive surgeon.
The effects of LactoCare synbiotic administration on chemotherapy‐induced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation in children with ALL: A double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Eghbali Aziz , Ghaffari Kazem , Khalilpour Atefeh , Afzal Roghayeh Rahimi , Eghbali Aygin , Ghasemi Ali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundSynbiotics are supplements containing probiotics and prebiotics and potentially have a stronger effect in modulating the gut microbiota than probiotics or prebiotics alone. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of LactoCare synbiotic administration on chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea (CID), nausea, vomiting, and constipation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who receiving maintenance chemotherapy.MethodsThis double‐blind clinical trial was performed on 113 children with ALL. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 5 × 109 CFU LactoCare synbiotic administration or placebo (58 patients in the LactoCare‐treatment group and 55 patients in the placebo group), twice a day for 7 days. The number of times CID, vomiting, nausea, and constipation were recorded in the first week after the beginning of receiving LactoCare and the placebo.ResultsIn the LactoCare‐treatment group, CID was present in 3.7% and 1.8% of patients on the first and second days, respectively, and no CID was observed on the third to seventh days (p < .05). While in the placebo group, the rate of patients with CID on the second, third, and fourth days was 11.5%, 13.5%, and 11.5%, respectively, and less than 10% on the first, fifth, sixth, and seventh days. It was observed that the rate of constipation in the LactoCare‐treatment group was significantly lower than in the placebo group. The difference between the groups was about 14% on the third day, which increased to about 20% on the sixth day (p < .05).ConclusionThe use of synbiotic supplements in this study reduced CID in patients. This study supports the concept that the use of synbiotic supplements will be an easy and effective way to reduce CID in ALL patients.
Virological failure and its predictors among human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals on second line antiretroviral treatment in North‐East Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Masresha Seteamlak Adane , Kidie Atitegeb Abera , Alen Gedefaw Diress , Mulaw Getahun Fentaw , Feleke Fentaw Wassie , Kassaw Mesfin Wudu , Dejene Tadesse Mamo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIntroductionAcquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) becomes a manageable chronic disease due to the presence of effective prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care accesses. Viral load cascade analyses are important to identify gaps in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS treatment and care for quality improvements.ObjectiveTime to Virological Failure and its Predictors among HIV Infected Individuals on Second Line Antiretroviral Treatment (SLART) in North‐East Ethiopia, 2021.MethodsInstitution‐based retrospective follow‐up study was conducted on 474 HIV‐infected individuals who were on SLART between September 2016 and April 2020. A universal sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Data were entered by EpiData‐3.3.1 and analyzed by STATA‐14. Cox proportional hazard assumptions were checked to determine the effect of predictor variables on virological failure (VF). The study was conducted from February 1 to April 30, 2021.ResultsThe rate of VF in this study was 15.4% with an incidence rate of 4.93 per 100 person‐years. As participants' age and duration of ART use increased by 1 year the hazards of VF was reduced by 2.9% (AHR: 0.971, 95% CI: 0.945, 0.995) and 10.6% (AHR: 0.894, 95% CI: 0.828, 0.963), respectively. The hazards of VF were twice higher among those who were on a non‐protease inhibitor‐based regimen. Individuals who had a history of making enhanced adherence counseling (EAC) sessions during SLART had three times more risk to develop VF (AHR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.790, 6.361).Conclusion and RecommendationsThe rate of VF among SLART users was high. Keeping SLART users on PI‐based regimens may improve virological outcomes in HIV care and treatment. Making EAC sessions effective in promoting better ART adherence might reduce VF.
Release kinetics and binding interactions of curcumin‐encapsulated nanoparticles released from chitosan‐graft‐(methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐polycaprolactone) injectable hydrogels
Authors: Madech Pawitchaya , Sitthichai Napasri , Phetdee Chanita , Prangkio Panchika , Punyodom Winita , Manokruang Kiattikhun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractInjectable hydrogels are alternative materials for drug delivery in biomedical applications. Most injectable hydrogels are derived from stimuli‐responsive polymers that can respond to the changes of physical and/or chemical properties of the environment, such as temperature and pH variation. In this study, chitosan‐graft‐(methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)‐block‐polycaprolactone) injectable hydrogels were loaded with curcumin in different concentrations. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of curcumin in such hydrogels were increased and decreased respectively with increasing curcumin concentrations. The encapsulation efficiency, however, was more than 90% for all formulations. Such hydrogels demonstrated curcumin release that proceeded in a sustained manner. The release profiles followed Korsmeyer‐Peppas and zero‐order kinetic release models which suggested that the release was facilitated by drug diffusion and the erosion of the self‐assembled polymeric networks. The curcumin released from the hydrogels was found as encapsulated core‐shell nanoparticles, the size of which depended on the loading concentration. A combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and thermodynamics analysis showed that van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds were major binding forces between curcumin and the copolymers. In addition, the curcumin‐encapsulated nanoparticles showed a progressive reduction in survival of the cervical cancer HeLa cell line, as shown in in vitro cytotoxicity experiments. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.