bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of age-related spontaneous internal jugular vein reflux with cognitive impairment and incident dementia
Authors: Adachi Utako , Toi Sono , Hosoya Megumi , Hoshino Takao , Seki Misa , Yoshizawa Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Yukiko , Maruyama Kenji , Kitagawa Kazuo 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe vascular aspect of cognitive impairment focuses on cerebral small-vessel disease and arterial circulation. However, it remains unclear whether changes in the venous circulation contribute to cognitive decline. This study aimed to clarify whether the spontaneous jugular vein reflux (JVR) is associated with cognitive impairment and incident dementia.MethodsThe Tokyo Women’s Medical University Cerebrovascular Disease registry is a prospective observational registry in which patients with any evidence of cerebral vessel disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were consecutively enrolled between October 2015 to July 2019. We employed carotid duplex sonography to measure the internal jugular vein (IJV). The subjects were classified into two groups based on the degree of JVR on either side: none, mild (JVR(-) group) and moderate, severe (JVR (+) group) JVR. They underwent both the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japanese (MoCA-J) global tests. Their cognitive status was prospectively assessed until March 2022.ResultsAmong 906 patients with an MMSE score ≥ 24 enrolled in the registry, 302 underwent duplex sonography of the IJV. Among them, 91 had spontaneous JVR on either side. Both MMSE and MoCA-J were significantly lower in patients with JVR (+) group than in the JVR (-) group. After the adjustment for age, sex, years of education, risk factors, and MRI findings, including small-vessel disease and medial temporal atrophy, intergroup differences in MoCA-J remained significant. Among the cognitive subdomains, median executive function and memory scores were significantly lower in the JVR (+) group than in the JVR (-) group. During the median 5.2-year follow-up, 11 patients with incident dementia (Alzheimer disease: 10, vascular dementia: 1) were diagnosed. Patients with severe JVR were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with dementia (log-rank test, P= 0.031).ConclusionsSpontaneous IJV reflux especially severe JVR, was associated with global cognitive function, and potentially with incident dementia.Clinical Trial Registration:URL:https://www.umin.ac.jp. Unique identifier: UMIN000026671.
Computational model of neuronal recruitment during ICMS for restoring somatosensation in the human somatosensory cortex
Authors: Kudela Pawel , Fifer Matthew S , Osborn Luke E , McMullen David P , Celnik Pablo A , Cantarero Gabriela L , Tenore Francesco V , Anderson William S 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObjectiveIntuitively providing touch feedback from artificial hands to users with sensory loss remains a challenge. Although localized fingertip sensations can be evoked via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), feedback is generally optimized using psychometric tasks rather than mimicking the cortical response to touch.ApproachWe created an anatomically-informed and participant-specific model of the human somatosensory cortex (S1) region with an implanted microelectrode array (MEA). We performed simultaneous stimulation-and-recording from the study participant S1 region to characterize cortical responses elicited by single ICMS pulses. Pulses were delivered to a set of pre-selected electrodes mapped to tactile receptive fields. We next performed a 2D (i.e., in the plane of the MEA probe tips) current source density (CSD) analysis of recorded cortical responses to inform cortical network model parameters on how ICMS activates neurons and lateral synaptic connections in the area of the S1 sampled by MEA electrodes. Using information from planar CSD profiles obtained from ground truth data, we reconstructed lateral connections in the S1 model needed to produce the desired responses to single ICMS pulses. The effect of multiple ICMS was then simulated in the biologically realistic cortical model and the results were validated against ground truth cortical responses from the study participant.Main resultsA high-resolution cortical network model, calibrated to produce the known cortical responses to single ICMS pulses delivered to individual electrodes, predicted with a reasonable accuracy the cortical response to ICMS pulses delivered simultaneously to multiple electrodes.SignificanceThese preliminary results suggest that high-resolution biologically realistic cortical network models can potentially be reliable predictors of cortical response to a given pattern of ICMS presentations and therefore useful in designing biomimetic stimulation patterns.
Prevalence of Post COVID-19 Condition among healthcare workers: self-reported online survey in four African countries
Authors: Elnadi Hager , Al-Mustapha Ahmad I. , Odetokun Ismail A. , Anjorin AbdulAzeez Adeyemi , Mosbah Rasha , Fasina Folorunso O. , Razouqi Youssef , Awiagah Kwame Sherrif , Nyandwi Jean Baptiste , Mhgoob Zuhal E. , Gachara George , Mohamud Mohamed Farah Yusuf , Damaris Bamu F. , Maisara Aala MohamedOsman , Radwan Mona 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe impact of Post COVID-19 Condition is ongoing despite the WHO declaration that the pandemic has ended. In this study, we explore the prevalence of PCC among healthcare workers (HCWs) in four African Countries and its influence on their professional performance. This study was conducted as an online cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers from four African countries (Cameroon, Egypt, Nigeria, and Somalia) between the 20thof December 2021 to 12thof January 2022. We determined the prevalence of PCC based on the WHO case definition and assessed variables associated with a higher prevalence of PCC in these countries using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A total of 706 HCWs from four African countries were included in this survey. Most of the HCWs were aged between 18-34 years (75.8%, n=535). Our findings showed that 19.5% (n=138) of the HCWs had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. However, 8.4% (n=59) were symptomatic for COVID-19 but tested negative or were never tested. Two-thirds of the HCWs (66.4%, n=469) have received a COVID-19 vaccine and 80.6% (n=378) of those vaccinated had been fully vaccinated. The self-reported awareness rate of PCC among the HCWs was 16.1% (n=114/706) whereas the awareness rate of PCC among COVID-19-positive HCWs was 55.3 % (n=109/197). The prevalence of PCC among HCWs was 58.8% (n=116). These changes include the self-reported symptoms of PCC which included headache (58.4%, n=115), fatigue (58.8%, n=116), and muscle pain (39.6%, n=78). Similarly, 30% (n=59) and 20.8% (n=41) of the HCWs reported the loss of smell and loss of taste long after their COVID-19 infection, respectively. Some HCWs (42%, n=83) believed that their work performance has been affected by their ongoing symptoms of PCC. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of PCC among the vaccinated and unvaccinated HCWs (p > 0.05). Of the socio-demographic variables, age (older HCWs between 45-54 years; OR:1.7; 95% CI: 1.06, 10.59; p = 0.001) and location (Egypt; OR:14.57; 95% CI: 2.62, 26.76; p = 0.001) were more likely to have experienced PCC than other age groups and countries respectively. The study revealed low prevalence of PCC among the surveyed HCC. In addition, it observed the need for adequate medical and psychological support to HCWs with PCC, improve their COVID-19 vaccination uptake, and conduct mass advocacy campaigns on PCC.Graphical abstractCOVID-19 positivity rate (n =197), vaccination rate (n =706), PCC awareness rate (n = 114), and prevalence of PCC (n = 116) in HCWs across four African countries.
Serum High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Poorly Predicts Bone Mineral Density: A NHANES 2017-2020 Analysis
Authors: Little-Letsinger Sarah E. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA reliable, widely available method to detect osteoporosis prior to fracture is needed. Serum levels of C-reactive protein may independently predict low bone mineral density (BMD) and high fracture risk. Existing empirical data focus on sexually and/or racially homogenous populations. This study tests the hypotheses that: C-reactive protein (1) negatively correlates with BMD and (2) fracture history, and (3) independently predicts BMD and fracture history in a diverse population. NHANES 2017-2020 pre-pandemic cycle data were analyzed in R studio. Strength and direction of relationships (-1 to +1) between variables were determined using Kendall’s rank correlation coefficient (τ). Linear models were optimized to predict femoral neck or lumbar spine BMD. C-reactive protein positively correlated with femoral (τ=0.09, p<0.0001) and spine BMD (τ=0.10, p<0.0001). Individuals identifying as female demonstrated more robust, but still weak, correlations between C-reactive protein and femoral neck (τ=0.15, p<0.0001; male, τ=0.06, p=0.051) and spine BMD (τ=0.16, p<0.0001; male, τ=0.06, p=0.04). C-reactive protein positively correlated with fracture history (τ=0.083, p=0.0009). C-reactive protein significantly predicted femoral neck (R2=0.022, p=0.0001) and spine BMD (R2=0.028, p<0.0001) and fracture history (R2=0.015, p<0.0001). Exploratory analyses identified weight was the single best predictor for femoral neck (R2=0.24, p<0.0001) and spine BMD (R2=0.21, p<0.0001). In sum, C-reactive protein statistically correlates with and predicts femoral neck and spine BMD, but the magnitude is too low to be biologically meaningful. While weight is a more robust predictor, individuals who are overweight or obese account for nearly half of all osteoporotic fractures, limiting the predictive power of this variable at identifying individuals at risk for osteoporosis. Identification of a robust predictor of fracture risk in a diverse population and across of range of body weights and compositions is needed.
Prospective screening for monkeypox infection among users of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Denmark
Authors: Thomassen Sofie Ellen , Schreeb Sebastian von , Kirkby Nikolai Søren , Pinholt Mette , Lebech Anne-Mette , Kronborg Gitte , Engsig Frederik Neess 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionDuring the 2022 outbreak of mpox (previously called monkeypox), which primarily affected men who have sex with men (MSM), testing was mainly limited to individuals with symptoms of infection. Although sporadic cases of mpox continue to be diagnosed in Denmark, the benefit of screening asymptomatic high-risk populations, such as those using HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), is still unknown.MethodsDuring the autumn of 2022, a rectal swab test for mpox PCR was included in the routine sexually transmitted infections (STI) screening for PrEP users.ResultsThe screening included 224 asymptomatic men with a median age of 36.5 years. One patient (0.4%) tested positive for mpox. Ten (4.5%) and nine (4.0%) had chlamydia and gonorrhea, respectively.DiscussionWe found one case of mpox, who developed symptoms three days after testing positive. This finding may reflect low to non-existing levels of asymptomatic infection among mpox patients. Based on the current study, screening for asymptomatic mpox infection among PrEP users does not seem warranted.
TM6SF2 Determines Both the Degree of Lipidation and the Number of VLDL Particles Secreted by the Liver
Authors: Reyes-Soffer Gissette , Liu Jing , Thomas Tiffany , Matveyenko Anastasiya , Seid Heather , Ramakrishnan Rajasekhar , Holleran Steve , Zaghloul Norann , Sztalryd-Woodle Carole , Pollin Toni , Ginsberg Henry N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn 2014, exome-wide studies identified a glutamine176lysine (p.E167K) substitution in a protein of unknown function named transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2). The p.E167K variant was associated with increased hepatic fat content and reduced levels of plasma TG and LDL cholesterol. Over the next several years, additional studies defined the role of TM6SF2, which resides in the ER and the ER-Golgi interface, in the lipidation of nascent VLDL to generate mature, more TG-rich VLDL. Consistent results from cells and rodents indicated that the secretion of TG was reduced in the p.E167K variant or when hepatic TM6SF2 was deleted. However, data for secretion of APOB was inconsistent, either reduced or increased secretion was observed. A recent study of people homozygous for the variant demonstrated reduced in vivo secretion of large, TG-rich VLDL1 into plasma; both TG and APOB secretion were reduced. Here we present new results demonstrating increased secretion of VLDL APOB with no change in TG secretion in p.E167K homozygous individuals from the Lancaster Amish community compared to their wild-type siblings. Our in vivo kinetic tracer results are supported by in vitro experiments in HepG2 and McA cells with knock-down or Crispr-deletions of TM6SF2, respectively. We offer a model to potentially explain all of the prior data and our new results.
EMG-projected MEG High-Resolution Source Imaging of Human Motor Execution: Brain-Muscle Coupling above Movement Frequencies
Authors: Huang Ming-Xiong , Harrington Deborah L. , Angeles-Quinto Annemarie , Ji Zhengwei , Robb-Swan Ashley , Huang Charles W. , Shen Qian , Hansen Hayden , Baumgartner Jared , Hernandez-Lucas Jaqueline , Nichols Sharon , Jacobus Joanna , Song Tao , Lerman Imanuel , Bazhenov Maksim , Krishnan Giri P , Baker Dewleen G. , Rao Ramesh , Lee Roland R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive functional imaging technique for pre-surgical mapping. However, movement-related MEG functional mapping of primary motor cortex (M1) has been challenging in presurgical patients with brain lesions and sensorimotor dysfunction due to the large numbers of trails needed to obtain adequate signal to noise. Moreover, it is not fully understood how effective the brain communication is with the muscles at frequencies above the movement frequency and its harmonics. We developed a novel Electromyography (EMG)-projected MEG source imaging technique for localizing M1 during ∼l minute recordings of left and right self-paced finger movements (∼1 Hz). High-resolution MEG source images were obtained by projecting M1 activity towards the skin EMG signal without trial averaging. We studied delta (1-4 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), and gamma (30-90 Hz) bands in 13 healthy participants (26 datasets) and two presurgical patients with sensorimotor dysfunction. In healthy participants, EMG-projected MEG accurately localized M1 with high accuracy in delta (100.0%), theta (100.0%), and beta (76.9%) bands, but not alpha (34.6%) and gamma (0.0%) bands. Except for delta, all other frequency bands were above the movement frequency and its harmonics. In both presurgical patients, M1 activity in the affected hemisphere was also accurately localized, despite highly irregular EMG movement patterns in one patient. Altogether, our EMG-projected MEG imaging approach is highly accurate and feasible for M1 mapping in presurgical patients. The results also provide insight into movement related brain-muscle coupling above the movement frequency and its harmonics.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of geriatric trauma risk assessment: Instrument development and validation
Authors: Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Konda Sanjit , Grudzen Corita , DiMaggio Charles , Esper Garrett , Rogers Erin , Goldfeld Keith , Blecker Saul , Chodosh Joshua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackgroundEmergency providers and nurses play pivotal roles in the initial triage and risk assessment of geriatric trauma patients. Their knowledge, attitudes, and practices of geriatric trauma risk assessment may significantly influence geriatric trauma outcomes. This study aims to develop scales that comprehensively assess emergency providers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices of geriatric trauma triage and risk assessment.MethodsWe designed the knowledge (30 items), attitude (14 items), and practice (14 items) scale using the American College of Surgeons geriatric trauma management guidelines. Each of the surveys was designed using a five-point Likert scale. Content validation was performed by nine clinicians and instrument design experts. We computed Cohen’s Kappa, and item and scale content validity indices (CVIs).ResultsOf the 30 items in the knowledge scale, 27 were retained. The Cohen’s Kappa value ranged from 0.3 to 1.0 and the item and scale CVIs for the 27 items were each 0.90. Of the 14 items on the attitude scale, 13 were retained. The Cohen’s Kappa value ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 and the item and scale CVIs for the 13 items were each 0.94. All 14 items in the practice scale were retained. The Cohen’s Kappa value ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 and item and scale CVIs for the 14 items were each 0.86.ConclusionWe present a content-validated survey instrument that can assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of geriatric trauma risk assessment among emergency providers and nurses.
Revising and evaluating the Safe Recovery fall prevention education program with patients and staff in a hospital rehabilitation setting: A mixed methods study
Authors: Francis-Coad Jacqueline , Farlie Melanie K , Haines Terry , Weselman Tammy , Black Linda , Cummings Philippa , Hill Anne-Marie 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundProviding patients with falls prevention education can improve their overall safety and reduce their risk of falling in hospital. Partnering with patients and staff in developing and evaluating such programs could better enable patient learning and translation of safety messages.AimTo create a revised version of the Safe Recovery falls prevention education program (SRP) in partnership with patients and hospital allied health staff, to improve patient engagement in undertaking strategies to reduce their risk of falling in hospital.MethodsTwo-phase sequential mixed methods participatory design. In phase 1 patient (n=10) and staff (n=10) consumer engagement surveys and discussions were undertaken to inform program revision. New resources (video and workbook) were co-produced and staff were trained to deliver the revised program to patients. In phase 2 patients (n=10) were surveyed pre and post revised program delivery and staff were surveyed regarding their reaction to the revised program. Deductive content analysis and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Tests were used respectively to analyse qualitative and quantitative findings.ResultsPatients and staff were very satisfied with the revised program, with patients demonstrating significant improvements in knowledge, awareness, motivation and intention to reduce their risk of falling. Staff perceived that the revised resources showed significant improvements in aesthetic appeal and ability to engage patients in learning.ConclusionPatients and staff contributed to successfully revising the Safe Recovery program with positive reactions to the co-produced resources. Participating in the revised program significantly improved patients’ knowledge and attitudes to reduce their risk of falling. Investigating the impact of the revised program on patients’ behaviour change and on reducing hospital falls is warranted.
Metabolome-wide Mendelian randomization characterizes heterogeneous and shared causal effects of metabolites on human health
Authors: Yin Xianyong , Li Jack , Bose Debraj , Okamoto Jeffrey , Kwon Annie , Jackson Anne U. , Silva Lilian Fernandes , Oravilahti Anniina , Stringham Heather M. , Ripatti Samuli , Daly Mark , Palotie Aarno , Scott Laura J. , Burant Charles F. , Fauman Eric B. , Wen Xiaoquan , Boehnke Michael , Laakso Markku , Morrison Jean 
Published: June 2023

SummaryMetabolites are small molecules that are useful for estimating disease risk and elucidating disease biology. Nevertheless, their causal effects on human diseases have not been evaluated comprehensively. We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization to systematically infer the causal effects of 1,099 plasma metabolites measured in 6,136 Finnish men from the METSIM study on risk of 2,099 binary disease endpoints measured in 309,154 Finnish individuals from FinnGen. We identified evidence for 282 causal effects of 70 metabolites on 183 disease endpoints (FDR<1%). We found 25 metabolites with potential causal effects across multiple disease domains, including ascorbic acid 2-sulfate affecting 26 disease endpoints in 12 disease domains. Our study suggests that N-acetyl-2-aminooctanoate and glycocholenate sulfate affect risk of atrial fibrillation through two distinct metabolic pathways and that N-methylpipecolate may mediate the causal effect of N6, N6-dimethyllysine on anxious personality disorder. This study highlights the broad causal impact of plasma metabolites and widespread metabolic connections across diseases.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities Impact the Real-World Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Maternal Smoking Cessation Program: Findings from the CTTP Cohort
Authors: Wiles Stacey D. , Lee Jerry W. , Nelson Anna , Petersen Anne Berit , Singh Pramil N. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroductionSmoking during pregnancy adversely affects perinatal outcomes for both women and infants. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of the state-funded Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment Program (CTTP) – the largest maternal tobacco cessation program in San Bernardino County, California – to determine the real-world program effectiveness and to identify variables that can potentially improve effectiveness.MethodsDuring 2012-2019, women who smoked during pregnancy were enrolled in CTTP’s multicomponent behavioral smoking cessation program that implemented components of known efficacy (i.e., incentives, biomarker testing, feedback, and motivational interviewing).ResultsWe found that 40.1% achieved prolonged abstinence by achieving weekly, cotinine-verified, 7-day abstinence during 6 to 8 weeks of enrollment. Using intention-to-treat analyses, we computed that the self-reported point prevalence abstinence rate (PPA) at the six-month telephone follow-up was 36.7%. Cohort members achieving prolonged abstinence during the CTTP were five times more likely to achieve PPA six months after CTTP. Several non-Hispanic ethnicities (Black, Native American, White, or More than one ethnicity) in the cohort were two-fold less likely (relative to Hispanics) to achieve prolonged abstinence during CTTP or PPA at six months after CTTP. This disparity was further investigated in mediation analysis. Variables such as quitting during the first trimester and smoking fewer cigarettes at enrollment were also associated with achieving PPA at six months.DiscussionRacial/ethnic health disparities that have long been linked to a higher rate of maternal smoking persist even when the pregnant smoker enrolls in a smoking cessation program.SignificanceWhat is already known on this subject?Causal factors that enable pregnant smokers to achieve abstinence during and after enrollment in maternal smoking cessation programs are not well understood.What does this study add?We found that US (United States) racial/ethnic disparities that have long been linked to higher national rates of maternal smoking for several non-Hispanic ethnicities (Black, Native American/Alaskan, White) also persisted in the form of lower abstinence rates in non-Hispanic ethnicities (Black, Native American, White, More than one ethnicity) who enrolled in the maternal smoking cessation program we evaluated. This racial/ethnic disparity in maternal smoking cessation program outcomes is a new addition to the literature and needs further study to identify the underlying causal factors.