bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of planned number of children, the well-being of the couple, and associated factors in a prospective cohort in Yokohama (HAMA study): study protocol
Authors: Hara Koji , Kuroki Makoto , Shiraishi Sayuri , Matsumura Shingo , Ito Shuichi , Kurasawa Kentaro , Arimoto Azusa , Matsuzaki Yohei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMany developed countries including Japan are experiencing declining birth rates, particularly in urban areas. There is a gap between the planned number of children and the actual number of children, which has been attributed to various factors. The following issues that are considered indispensable for addressing the problem of declining birth rates have been rarely investigated: childcare leave and employment policies, childcare services, financial support, husbands’ contributions to household chores and childcare, marriage support, and the community. In addition, the relationship between these situations and their well-being is also important and is one of the main outcomes. Therefore, we propose the present HAMA study for having a baby, parenting, and marriage life (HAMA = 'H'aving 'A' baby, parenting, and 'MA'rriage life) in Yokohama (an urban area) to examine the aforementioned issues.MethodsIn this large-scale cohort study, we plan to elucidate the actual situation of families and child rearing in Yokohama, evaluate the current policies, and propose future measures to prevent a decline in birth rate. Overall, 10,000 young married couples (wives aged 20–39 years as of 2022) will be randomly selected, and a survey form will be sent to them annually. They will be followed up for 5 years to examine the factors associated with the planned number of children, well-being of the couple, childcare support policies, externalization of housework and childcare, fathers’ participation in housework and childcare, wives’ free time, loneliness and social connectedness, relationship with the spouse, and if they are working, questions regarding their work style and work-life balance will also be included. Ultimately, a conceptual model of the planned number of children and associated factors will be developed.DiscussionThis study will help identify issues related to families and childcare in the urban areas of Japan with high population concentrations. The separate collection of data from husbands and wives will help identify their connectedness or disconnectedness. In addition, this study will build a conceptual model for the planned number of children and well-being after considering various factors that reflect contemporary realities and urban characteristics.
ADT increases prostate cancer cell invasion via altering AR/SALL4/SOX2-OCT4 stem cell signaling
Authors: Guo Changcheng , Kadier Aimaitiaji , Zhang Zhijin , Huang Chi-Ping , Mao Shiyu , Yang Bin , Zheng Junhua , Yao Xudong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Early studies indicated that the androgen-deprivation-therapy with antiandrogen Enzalutamide could increase prostate cancer patients’ survival by an average of 4.8 months. Yet Enz might also have some adverse effects via increasing the PCa cell invasion. Here we found Enz treatment could increase oncogene SALL4 expression to increase the cancer stem cells population that resulted in increasing the PCa cell invasion. Mechanisn dissection revealed that Enz could function via androgen receptor to transcriptionally regulate the SALL4 expression via direct binding to the androgen-response-elements on the SALL4 5'-promoter. The consequences of such Enz/AR/SALL4 axis may then lead to transcriptionally increase the SOX2-OCT4 expression to increase the CSC population to increase the PCa cell invasion. Together, results from multiple in vitro cell lines and in vivo mouse model all conclude that Enz may induce the adverse effect of increasing PCa cell invasion via altering the AR/SALL4/SOX2-OCT4 signaling to increase the CSC population, and targeting this newly identified signaling with small molecule of sh-SALL4 may decrease this adverse effect to further suppress the PCa progression.
Impact of duration and number of subjects on students’ performance in junior clerkship
Authors: Aaraj Sahira , Kausar Ayisha , Farooqui Fareeha 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Medical colleges need curriculum reforms in order to enhance clinical learning contingent on previous observations. Shifa College of medicine (SCM) introduced Family medicine clerkship for final year in year 2022. To accommodate this Paeds and Gynae Obs clerkships were shifted from final to fourth year. This resulted in two major curricular shifts, first: four examining (previously there were three) subjects in 4th professional MBBS exam and Second: 2 years of clinical exposure for Gynae Obs and Paeds (previously it was three years.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from Jan 2021 to June 2022. Annual professional exam results of students of year 2021 and 2022 were included. We analyzed the effect of span of clinical teaching (2 years vs. three years) and the effect of number of examining subjects in professional exam (3 subjects vs. four subjects) on students’ final performance. Data was analysed by SPSS version 23. Mean scores ± SD for all theory and OSCE (Objectively structured clinical exam) were compared. Results were also compared for number of failures and high scores > 80 % between two study cohorts.
Results:
Two hundred and twenty students were enrolled in the study. No statistically significant difference was found in scores of Ophthalmology theory /OSCE, Gynae & Obs and ENT Theory and Paeds OSCE. Mean scores ± SD were significantly better in ENT OSCE (74.16 ± 6.38 vs. 64.25 ± 7.03, p-value = 0.000) and in Gynae & Obs OSCE (141.59 ± 15.59 vs. 146.66 ± 11.38, p-value 0.015) after 2 years of teaching/ four subjects in professional exam. Paeds theory results showed decline after 2 years of teaching as compared to three years teaching (65.01 ± 6.61 vs. 71.66 ± 7.88, p-value = 0.000).
Conclusion:
The curricular shift for introduction of Family medicine in senior clerkship with subsequent, reduction in teaching duration and increased number of subjects in 4th professional examination did not significantly affect students’ performance in junior clerkship.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Individualized Arousal-Biofeedback for children and adolescents with Disruptive Behavior Disorders (DBD)
Authors: Aggensteiner Pascal-M , Böttinger Boris , Baumeister Sarah , Hohmann Sarah , Heintz Stefan , Kaiser Anna , Häge Alexander , Werhahn Julia , Hofstetter Christoph , Walitza Susanne , Franke Barbara , Buitelaar Jan , Banaschewski Tobias , Brandeis Daniel , Holz Nathalie E 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background:
Disruptive behavior disorders (including conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)) are common childhood and adolescent psychiatric conditions often linked to altered arousal. The recommended first-line treatment is multi-modal therapy and includes psychosocial and behavioral interventions. Their modest effect sizes along with clinically and biologically heterogeneous phenotypes, emphasize the need for innovative personalized treatment targeting impaired functions such as arousal dysregulation.
Methods:
A total of 37 children aged 8-14 years diagnosed with ODD/CD were randomized to 20 sessions of individualized arousal biofeedback using skin conductance levels (SCL-BF) or active treatment as usual (TAU) including psychoeducation and cognitive-behavioral elements. The primary outcome was the change in parents´ ratings of aggressive behavior measured by the Modified Overt Aggression Scale. Secondary outcome measures were subscales from the Child Behavior Checklist, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits and the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire.
Results:
The SCL-BF treatment was neither superior nor inferior to the active TAU. Both groups showed reduced aggression after treatment with small effects for the primary outcome and large effects for some secondary outcomes. Importantly, successful learning of SCL self-regulation was related to reduced aggression at post-assessment.
Conclusions:
Individualized SCL-BF was not inferior to active TAU for any treatment outcome with improvements in aggression. Further, participants were on average able to self-regulate their SCL, and those who best learned self-regulation showed the highest clinical improvement, pointing to specificity of SCL-BF regulation for improving aggression. Further studies with larger samples and improved methods, for example by developing BF for mobile use in ecologically more valid settings are warranted.
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Factors for Synthesis of Copper and Tin Oxide for Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Rezayat Mohammad , Karamimoghadam Mojtaba , Yazdi Morteza Saghafi , Moradi Mahmoud , Bodaghi Mahdi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This research article investigates the impact of three input variables, including Cu Composition (%), Heating Temperature (C), and Milling Time (h), on the final production of copper-tin alloy nanoparticles for the first time. The study uses design of experiments techniques and measures three output responses, including Particle Size (nm), Optical Density (ppm), and Number of Colonies. The research identifies the presence of new Cu3Sn phases in the final structure of nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that all three input factors have a significant impact on nanoparticle production, with mechanical alloying effectively producing nanoparticle powders up to 15 nanometers in size. The study reveals that increasing the percentage of copper in the final alloy leads to stronger antibacterial properties, as demonstrated by increased optical density and decreased colony counts. This work provides valuable insights into the antibacterial properties of copper-tin alloy nanoparticles and the influence of input variables on their structure and properties.
Patterns of care in locally advanced carcinoma lung: An audit from radiation Oncologist’s perspective
Authors: Ravi Aswin , Pathy Sushmita , Mallick Supriya , Malik Prabhat Singh , Kumar Sunil , Pandey RM 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe standard of care in locally advanced NSCLC is concurrent chemo- radiation. This audit aims to document different treatment approaches offered in real world scenario and the resultant outcomes.MethodologyInstitute medical records during 2014–2018 were retrieved. Demographic and clinical data, different treatment offered with associated outcomes and the side effects were analysed. Various prognostic factors, disease‐free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.Results396 patients were eligible for the analysis of which 278 patients were treated with curative intent. The elderly population constituted 53% and 85.3% were male. Among allpatients, 86.7% were NSCLC and 13.3% were SCLC and 25.1% of them presented in locally advanced stage. The proportion of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma are 55.8% and 31.3% respectively. Although 71.6% of curative patients were given neoadjuvant therapy, only 53.2% could complete the scheduled number of cycles. Only 31.6% could actually receive chemo- radiotherapy. Surgical excision was done in 19.4% of patients. The compliance to concurrent and sequential chemo- radiation were 52.1% and 70.7% respectively. The median overall survival of the curative intent cohort is 17.5 months (9.3- 30.7 IQR) and the progression free survival is 9 months (4.4- 16.5 IQR). The median OS of the palliative intent cohort is 9.1 months (3.1- 15.7 IQR) and the PFS is 6.5 months (4.2- 12.7 IQR). Although, definitive chemo- radiation had lower median PFS, it provided significantly superior long-term survival outcome when compared to surgery with adjunct therapy. Median PFS, median OS, OS at 1.5 and 2- years were not significantly different. No significant differences in survival outcomes between concurrent versus sequential chemo- radiation approaches. Sequential CTRT, surgery with adjunct therapy had significantly better median PFS. Smoking, reception of intended treatment, and definitive chemo- radiation were significant prognostic factors in multivariate analysis.ConclusionCompared to global figures the outcome in the present study observed poorer outcome in terms of median PFS associated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and concurrent chemo- radiation. Surgery may not lead to better outcomes in locally advanced NSCLC patients and the standard of care still remains definitive chemo- radiation.
COMT Val 158 Met polymorphism protects the impact of a mother's history of childhood trauma on emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children
Authors: Xavier Janaína , Bastos Clarissa Ribeiro , Marins Thayane Moreira , Camerini Laísa , Mello Daniele Behling , Antunes Bruna , Quevedo Luciana de Ávila , Matos Mariana Bonati , Pinheiro Ricardo Tavares , Ghisleni Gabriele 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Childhood trauma has a well-established negative impact for mental health outcomes across the lifespan. Accumulating evidence now suggests that offspring's mental health problems can also be a consequence of intergenerational trauma transmission. A child's genetic background emerges as an important target in this outcome. This study aims to investigate the interactive effect of maternal childhood trauma and child COMT Val158Met polymorphism (rs4680) on offspring emotional/behavioral problems from a dyad of a population-based cohort that follow adolescent pregnant women and their children at age 4-5 and 11 years old. The behavior problems of 310 children were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) instrument, and maternal trauma was assessed with the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) between the 20º to 22º gestational weeks. Regarding our results there was no direct association between the Val158Met polymorphism with emotional/behavioral problems in the children (p>0.05). However, we noted that maternal childhood trauma modified the effect of the Val158Met polymorphism on externalizing and total problems susceptibility. Children carrying the Val/Met genotype whose mothers have been exposed to childhood trauma are less likely to develop externalizing (p=0.020) and total problems (p=0.041) when compared with children homozygous (Val/Val and Met/Met). This association was maintained after adjustment for sex, age, and skin color. Thus, our findings reinforce evidence on the intergenerational impact of maternal trauma on emotional/behavioral problems and show that this risk is influenced by the genetic background of the individual, varying according to COMT genotype, which confers a protective character for development of externalizing and total problems.
Can hybrid models predict actual evapotranspiration instead of weighting lysimeters?
Authors: Sharafi Milad , Rezaverdinejad Vahid , Behmanesh Javad 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActual daily evapotranspiration (ET) can be considered as one of the most important meteorological parameters. One of the main ways to measure ET is using lysimeters, which are expensive tools, and the data obtained from them are not available in most parts of the world. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to provide an intelligent model that can predict ET using data obtained from cheap and available tools. To do this, data from two NE and SE lysimeters located in Potter County, Texas between 1996-1999 were used as input for SVR and SVR-FFA models in 13 scenarios. The results of this study showed that the SVR-FFA model with an error value of 1.22 mm/day for 1996, 1.14 mm/day for 1997, 1.56 mm/day for 1998, and 1.54 mm/day for 1999 has the highest accuracy for all combinations. Among the standalone SVR models, the SVR-13 model has performed better than other SVR combinations for all years with a Willmott's index of agreement above 0.87. The comparison between the inputs used for the models showed that the Rn and PAR parameters had the greatest impact on the accuracy of the SVR and SVR-FFA models, so they increased the accuracy of the models in every four years. One of the limitations of this study is the lack of access to some parameters such as minimum and maximum temperature in the study area. Therefore, it is suggested to measure these parameters and consider them as other inputs to measure the performance of the models.
Equation of State for Earth’s Mineral and MgSiO3-MgO System under High Compressions
Authors: Gaurav S. , Shankar S. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The thermodynamic parameters of MgSiO3-MgO system have been calculated by employing the modified Shanker equation of state (EOS) named “Higher Order Shanker (HOS) EOS ”. The modification is based on the inclusion of higher order terms in Shanker EOS. The Higher Order Shanker (HOS) EOS has been assessed for consistency with Stacey criteria for the variation of the pressure dependence of isothermal bulk modulus. The comparative analysis of the thermodynamic properties obtained from Higher Order Shanker (HOS) EOS with existing classical EOS such as the Birch-Murnagham, the Shanker, the Vinet, the Stacey, and electronic contribution analysis demonstrate that the proposed Higher Order Shanker (HOS) EOS is reliable EOS for computing thermodynamic properties of similar systems at higher pressures. Expressions for the bulk modulus and its pressure derivatives have been derived and reduced to the limit of infinite pressure. The expression thus obtained are useful for further analysis of higher derivatives thermoelastic properties.
Patterns of Ancestral Green Plants Codon Usage Bias Revealed through Rhodophyta
Authors: Yao Huipeng , Li Tingting , Ma Zheng , Wang Xiyuan , Xu Lixiao , Zhang Yuxin , Cai Yi , Tang Zizhong 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Rhodophyta is one of the closest known relatives of green plants. Studying the codons of their genomes can provide us with a new understanding of how plants evolved from their unicellular and multicellular ancestors. Codon usage bias has been widely studied in some green plants. However, little is known about the characteristics of codon usage for green plant ancestors. Here, we have studied the codon usage patterns of all close ancestors for green plants, including four unicellular red algae and four multicellular red algae. Codon usage in almost all species is conservative. High-bias genes prefer codons ending with GC, but limited analysis indicates that it is likely to be caused by local mutation pressure. Our analysis proves that natural selection is the dominant factor for the codon usage bias of red algae in terms of translation accuracy and efficiency. It is worth noting that the selection of translation accuracy even can be found in the low-bias genes of individual species. The high-frequency codons are proven to evolve with tRNA together. Optimal codons are found to be complementary and bound to the tRNA genes with the highest copy number. Additionally, tRNA modification is found in the highly degenerate amino acids of all multicellular red algae and individual unicellular red algae. It seems that highly biased genes tend to use modified tRNA in translation. Determining optimal codons will help to design and carry out transgenic work in some economic red algae in the future, by maximizing the corresponding protein yield.
Carvacrol attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury by down-regulating TLRs gene expression and regulating the gut microbiota in rabbit
Authors: Wu Diange , Xia Miao , Yan An , Jiang Haotian , Fan Jiaqi , Zhou Siyuan , Wei Xu , Liu Shudong , Chen Baojiang 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
This study was attended to investigate the mechanisms and effects of carvacrol (CAR) regulated lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) intestinal injury in rabbits. Forty 40d rabbits were allocated to a 2 (with or without CAR) × 2 (with or without LPS) factors completely random. LPS was intramuscularly injected on 28th day of the trial period, and samples were taken after injection 4h. The results showed that LPS could significantly increase IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α levels in serum (P < 0.05), and increased the relative genes expression of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, MAPK14, MAPK8, MAPK1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 in the cecum (P < 0.05); The carvacarol could inhibit the increase of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α induced by LPS in serum (P < 0.05), meanwhile, inhibited the increase of genes expression of TLR2, TLR4, MYD88, NF-κB, MAPK14, MAPK8, MAPK1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 in the cecum (P < 0.05). LPS could significantly damage the intestine such the intestinal composition was broken (P < 0.05) and the relative genes expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1 and Occludin were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), carvacarol could relived the intestinal damage induced by LPS (P < 0.05). The same phenomenon also appeared in the acetate, propionate and butyrate in cecal chyme (P < 0.05). LPS could significantly decrease the the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (P < 0.05); carvacrol could control the decrease of the relative abundance of Ruminococcus induced by LPS (P < 0.05). In conclusion, carvacrol can alleviate LPS-induced intestinal injury that reduces secretion of inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting TLRs/NF-κB/TNF-α/MAPK genes and regulating cecal microbiota in rabbits.
Rapid pesticide resistance bioassays for three major urban insects in Taiwan
Authors: Pai Hsiu-Hua , Chang Chun-Yung , Lin Kai-Chen , Hsu Err-Lieh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background Taiwan’s warm and humid climate and dense population provide a suitable environment for the breeding of pests. The three major urban insects in Taiwan are house flies, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. In cases where a disease outbreak or high pest density necessitates chemical control, selecting the most effective pesticide is crucial. The resistance of pests to the selected environmental pesticide must be rapidly assessed to achieve effective chemical control and reduce environmental pollution.Methods In this study, we evaluated the resistance of various pests, namely, house flies (Musca domestica L.), cockroaches (Blattella germanica L. and Periplaneta americana), and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus), against 10 commonly used insecticides. Rapid pesticide resistance bioassays were performed using discriminating doses or concentrations of the active ingredients of insecticides.Results Five field strains of M. domestica (L) were resistant to all 10 commonly used insecticides and exhibited cross-resistance and multiple resistance to four types of pyrethrins and three types of organophosphates, propoxur, fipronil, and imidacloprid. None of the five field strains of P. americana were resistant to any of the tested insecticides, and only one strain of B. germanica (L.) was resistant to permethrin. One strain of A. albopictus was resistant to pirimiphos-methyl, whereas five strains of A. aegypti exhibited multiple resistance to pyrethrins, organophosphates, and other insecticides.Conclusions In the event of a disease outbreak or high pest density, rapid pesticide resistance bioassays may be performed using discriminating doses or concentrations to achieve precise and effective chemical control, reduce environmental pollution, and increase control efficacy.