bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Healthy Blood Donors Paving Way to Herd Immunity
Authors: Sareen Rateesh , Gupta GN , Agarwal Pankaj , Saini Shyan 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives:
Herd immunity is the immunity or resistance to particular infection that occurs in group of people when a very high percentage of individuals have been vaccinated or previously exposed to infection. The goal of this study was to assess the development of herd immunity to COVID-19 in parts of Western India.

Methods:
The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in India on routine blood donors who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. We systematically investigated 808 healthy donors at various points of time in the 3-month period starting from September 2020 to November 2020 for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence.

Results:
The results of November month show a sudden increase (51.96%) in the later half. The seroprevalence in healthy donors in other towns and cities shows an aggregate average of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody 13.59% (200/1472) as against Jaipur city with 36.12% (292/808). Deedwana has higher seropositivity in blood donors 31.5% (24/76) whereas Sujangarh and Jhunjhunu did not have any donors with seropositive status.

Conclusion:
Our findings could be the tip of iceberg of emerging herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection in India. Future research will determine how long these antibodies will last. Will they be protective toward future COVID-19 infection?
BRCA1 promoter methylation & its immunohistochemical correlation in sporadic breast cancer
Authors: Khan Fatima , Agarwal Preeti , Gupta Sameer , Maurya Malti Kumari , Singh Pooja , Agarwal Apoorva , Singh Kulranjan , Sonkar Abhinav Arun , Goel Madhu Mati 
Published: August 2023

Background & objectives:
Studies have shown that apart from hereditary breast carcinomas, breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) mutations conferring to its loss are seen in sporadic breast carcinomas (SBC) as well. The aim of the present study was to assess BRCA1 methylation in females presenting at King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, with SBC by both immunohistochemistry (IHC) and methylation PCR with respect to hormonal profile and various morphological prognostic parameters. The primary objective was to look for the association between BRCA1 protein expression and DNA promoter methylation.

Methods:
81 mastectomy specimens from SBC of invasive breast carcinoma (no special type) were included in this study. After a detailed morphological assessment, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from a representative tumour area was selected for BRCA1 IHC by heat-mediated antigen retrieval under high pH and DNA extraction and further bisulphate treatment. BRCA1 was studied for methylation by methylated and unmethylated PCR-specific primers.

Results:

BRCA1 promoter methylation was present in 42/81 (51.9%) participants, with significant BRCA1 protein loss (72.7%; P=0.002). A significant association between BRCA1 loss and hormonal profile was found (P=0.001); maximum in triple negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) (72%; 18/25). Most of the TNBC also harboured methylation (68%). Although not significant grade II and III tumours, lymph vascular invasion, ductal carcinoma in situ, and nodal metastasis (≥3) were seen in a higher percentage in methylated tumours. Mortality in SBC was significantly associated with BRCA1 loss (30.3%; P=0.024).

Interpretation & conclusions:
Study results highlight the concept of “BRCAness” in SBC as well. Hence, we can confer that identification of BRCA1 loss in SBC can make it a perfect candidate for poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors or cisplatin-based therapy like hereditary ones.
Mortality Rate and Acute Kidney Injury Prevalence Reduction in COVID-19 Critical Patients Treated with Hemoperfusion
Authors: Barriga-Moreno Adriana P. , Lozano-Sanchez Marcela , Barón-Alvarez Rafael A. , Cordoba Juan P. , Aroca-Martinez Gustavo , Dianda Daniela , Gonzalez-Torres Henry , Musso Carlos G. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces organic damage mainly through the patient’s immune overreaction. Hemoperfusion (HPF) can remove inflammatory cytokines and can reduce the negative effects of cytokine storm in COVID-19. We compared the mortality rate, inflammatory response, and acute kidney injury (AKI) prevalence among patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 treated with and without HPF with HA330 cartridge.

Methods:
Mortality rate, serum creatinine, and ferritin values were compared between patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 who received conventional treatment and another group of patients who additionally received four sessions of HPF with HA330.

Results:
Of 116 patients suffering from acute respiratory insufficiency secondary to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), one group (n: 84) received support treatment and the other group (n: 32) additionally received HPF with HA330 cartridge. Both groups had no renal disease and similar age and comorbidities at admission, except for obesity and mechanical ventilation requirement, which were significantly higher in the HPF group. Mortality rate (61% vs. 31%, P: 0.008), serum creatinine (1.4 vs. 0.5 mg/dl, P < 0.001), and post-HPF serum ferritin (2868 vs. 1675, P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the HPF group.

Conclusion:
Mortality rate, serum ferritin, and AKI were significantly reduced in critical COVID-19 patients who received HPF with HA330 cartridge than in those who did not receive it. These results were obtained despite the HPF group risk factors, such as obesity and mechanical ventilation, worsening its prognosis.
Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Phospholipidosis – A Forgotten Complication of a Common Drug
Authors: Kothapalli Nagamounika , Padiyar Shivraj , Nair Aswin M. , Manikuppam Prathyusha , Matthai Smitha M. , Roy Sanjeet , Pulimood Anna , Alexander Suceena , Mathew John 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive properties and is used in many rheumatological conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome. It is usually a widely used and well-tolerated DMARD (Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs). Its most feared toxicities include retinopathy and, rarely, cardiomyopathy. Among its other reported side effects is drug-induced phospholipidosis. Here, we report two cases of HCQ-induced phospholipidosis based on renal biopsy electron microscopy. HCQ-induced phospholipidosis, although uncommon, must be considered as one of the differentials in a patient with persistent proteinuria.
Genetic polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and its effects on plasma carbamazepine levels and metabolic ratio in persons with epilepsy of South India
Authors: Venkatraman Shravan , Ramasamy Kesavan , Nair Pradeep Pankajakshan 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Carbamazepine (CBZ), an anti-seizure drug, is widely prescribed for the management of focal seizures. At a given therapeutic dose, CBZ exhibits marked interindividual variation in the plasma CBZ levels. The aim wasto study the influence of EPHX1 c.337 T>C and UGT2B7*2 genetic polymorphisms on plasma carbamazepine (CBZ) levels in persons with epilepsy (PWE) from South India.

METHODS:
115 PWE belong to South India origin who are on carbamazepine monotherapy were recruited. Genotyping of the two variants weredone using RT-PCR method. PWE who had seizure freedom for one year and their last dose which was not changed for one year duration were included and their plasma levels of CBZ and its active metabolite CBZ 10,11 epoxide were analysed by reverse phase HPLC.

RESULTS:
In EPHX1 c. 337 (T>C) polymorphism, the PWE carrying CC had lower plasma CBZ levels when compared to CT genotype (2.45 μg/ml vs 3.15 μg/ml. In UGT2B7*2, PWE carrying homozygous mutant TT had higher levels when compared with CT (3.09 μg/ml vs 2.74 μg/ml) genotype but found no statistical significance. Mutant genotype of EPHX1 (CC) had higher metabolic ratio compared to TT genotype (1.33 vs 1.17) but not found to be statistically significant. Mutant genotype of UGT2B7*2 (TT) was found to be having lower metabolic ratio when compared with CC genotype (1.18 vs 1.35; p value =0.08).

CONCLUSION:
PWE carrying EPHX1 c.337 T>C (rs1051740) and UGT2B7*2 (rs7439366) genetic polymorphisms did not affect the plasma CBZ levels and metabolic ratio of PWE of South Indian origin. However, this finding should be confirmed in a larger sample size which may help in optimization and personalized CBZ therapy in South Indians.
A cross sectional analysis of medical device associated adverse events with radiotherapy devices - A materiovigilance study
Authors: Raghav M. V. , Geetha A. , Purushotham V. S. , Mamatha K. , Rajesh J. , Raghuvanshi Rajeev , Kalaiselvan Vivekananda , Shukla Shatrunjay , Hariharan V. , Gowda B. Naveen 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Materiovigilance is a method for tracking, documenting, and analyzing the causal factors of adverse outcomes or complications associated with the use of medical devices. In addition, it recommends that the Indian regulatory authority takes necessary steps with the aim of enhancing patient safety. The present study was taken up as there are hardly any studies available in the public domain on adverse events due to radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study is to analyze the pattern of adverse events due to medical devices used in the department of radiation oncology.

METHODS:
It was a cross-sectional study carried out from June to September, 2022. The patients who were treated with the medical devices in radiation oncology at Victoria Hospital affiliated with Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, were included. The medical device used on the patients causes adverse events. The data were collected from the patient's health records available in the department of radiotherapy.

RESULTS:
Total 40 adverse events collected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. All the adverse events associated with medical devices were filled in the medical device adverse event reporting form and submitted to materiovigilance program, which also included the causality assessment. All the adverse events were caused due to external beam radiotherapy/teletherapy device. Dermatitis was the most common adverse event found in the reported cases (n = 20, 50%).

CONCLUSION:
Materiovigilance program is in budding stage. It was observed that the adverse events in patients were due to medical devices used in radiation oncology. Medical devices with skin-sparing effect (radiation is converged onto tumor) should be promoted and more research and engineering are required in designing of advanced medical devices for the treatment of cancer across the globe.
Pediatric Psoriasis: A Closer View on Clinical Presentations
Authors: ALHamdi Dooha Khalil , ALHamdi Khalil Ismail 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Psoriasis in children is not uncommon. The study is an attempt to shed light on its clinical presentations among children in Basrah, Iraq.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational clinical study of 416 children with psoriasis was conducted in the department of Dermatology of Basrah teaching hospital and two private clinics, Basrah, Iraq, from November 2018 to December 2021. Detailed history and a complete clinical examination were done. In cases of doubt, skin biopsy was performed.

Results:
Four hundred and sixteen children with psoriasis were enrolled in this study, their age ranged from 11 months to 12 years, 236 of them were females, and the remaining 180 were males. Psoriasis of the scalp, eyelid, blepharitis, follicular, and guttate were the most common types reported in 61.8%, 11.05%, 10.3%, and 9.8%, respectively. Plaque psoriasis was reported in only 6.2% of the patients. Atypical presentations in shape and site were reported in 122 (29.3%) of the patients. Infections, emotional stress, and environmental factors were the most common precipitating causes.

Conclusions:
Psoriasis is not uncommon among children; the presentations may be atypical regarding clinical features, site affected, symptoms, family history, and gender, so that it should be considered in any child with chronic recurrent erythematous scaly skin lesions, especially when they are recurrent with poor response to treatment.
Pattern of Noninfectious Pediatric Dermatoses at a Tertiary Care Center in Gujarat
Authors: Agarwal Pooja , Jagati Ashish , Patel Shefali , Ambasana Akshay R. , Chaudhari Snehal V. , Rathod Santoshdev P. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Pediatric dermatoses are commonly encountered in the dermatology outpatient department with various presentations in the form of infective and noninfective dermatoses. The incidence and severity of these dermatoses are influenced by geographic, cultural, genetic factors and socioeconomic status. This study was planned to evaluate the burden and pattern of disease among children.

Materials and Methods:
This was an ambispective observational cohort study, and all the children <12 years of age with noninfectious dermatoses were included from July 2020 to December 2020.

Results:
We included a total of 1206 pediatric patients in 0–12 years of age with dermatological complaints, of which noninfectious dermatoses were 53% (n = 639) and infectious dermatoses 47% (n = 567). Out of them, 340 (53%) were males and 299 (47%) were females. Among all noninfectious dermatoses, eczema (30%) was found to be the most common dermatosis in our study.

Conclusion:
The present study focused on noninfectious dermatoses and highlighted the fact that they form a considerable burden of pediatric dermatoses.
Do past and present adverse experiences impact the mental health of children? A study among children in the Juvenile Justice System in India
Authors: Srinivasan Shiva Prakash , Arumugam Chiranjeevi , Anandan Ananya , Ramachandran Padmavati 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children in the Juvenile Justice System (JJS) in India include children who may have engaged in criminal acts and children who cannot be cared for by their families of origin for various reasons. Given the nature of the children in such circumstances, they face multiple challenges growing up. Few studies from India have systematically explored interpersonal experiences, including adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) or bullying experiences, and their effects on these children’s mental health.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted using standardized scales to identify the frequencies of and relationships between life experiences and current mental health outcomes (stress, well-being, and psychopathology) faced by children residing in seven child care institutions (CCIs) across two states in India.

Results:
Of the 278 children who participated in the study, at least one ACE was endorsed by 86.7%, and at least one instance of bullying was experienced by 71.7%. A significant negative correlation was noted between the number of ACEs, bullying experiences, and well-being and a significant positive correlation with stress and psychopathology. Information about the family of origin was significantly associated with lower psychopathology and stress scores.

Conclusions:
This study highlights the relationship between mental health outcomes, ACEs, and bullying experiences in children in the JJS in India. The study identifies the immediate and ongoing effects of these experiences on children’s mental health and, thus, focuses on the need for appropriate interventions to allay the effects of these experiences.
Effect of vortioxetine versus venlafaxine on cognitive functions in adults with major depressive disorder: A randomized-controlled trial
Authors: Manna Chayan K. , Ranjan Rajeev , Kumar Pankaj , Ahmad Shamshad , Nath Santanu 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Vortioxetine and venlafaxine are antidepressants which have shown established efficacy to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). There are no studies that compared them for their efficacy in cognitive symptoms of depression. The study aimed to compare the effect of vortioxetine and venlafaxine on the change in cognitive scores in adults with MDD.

Methods:
The present study was an open-label, active-controlled parallel design randomized clinical trial. After randomization, baseline clinical evaluations by Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) were done and coding (subset of WAIS-IV), WCST, TMT, Stroop test, PGI memory were used to assess cognition in 100 unmedicated MDD patients. They were reassessed after eight weeks of monotherapy with vortioxetine or venlafaxine.

Results:
Primary cognitive measure (coding score) was found to be significantly higher (Mean Difference = 0.680; 95% CI:.202 to 1.158; P = 0.006) in vortioxetine in comparison with venlafaxine. Stroop test scores (word score, color score, color–word score) were also found to be significantly higher with vortioxetine. In other cognitive measures (WCST scores: total trials, total errors score, total perseverative responses score, total perseverative errors scores; TMT-A and B scores), a significant decrease in scores with vortioxetine in comparison with venlafaxine were observed. A significant decrease in MADRS and increase in SOFAS scores were observed with vortioxetine in comparison with venlafaxine. Both the drugs alleviated the symptoms of depression but vortioxetine was better tolerated.

Conclusion:
Our study findings suggest that improvement in cognitive scores is significantly higher with vortioxetine than venlafaxine over the eight weeks of monotherapy.

Clinical Trial registration number:
CTRI/2020/07/026819 (Registered with Clinical Trials Registry- India).
Depression, sleep, body image, and lifestyle: Prevalence and associated factors of depression among school-going adolescents in Delhi National Capital Region
Authors: Khanna Tejasvini , Banerjee Bratati , Majhi Madan M. , Futela Dheeman 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adolescents are known to be vulnerable to depression, which worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. They also exhibit poor sleep quality and body image issues (BIIs) which are considered risk factors for depression. There is a paucity of Indian studies regarding adolescent depression and its correlation with lifestyle.

Aims:
To detect the prevalence of depression in adolescents, and understand its association with sociodemographic variables, sleep quality, BIIs, and lifestyle factors.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 392 adolescents attending classes 8th–12th in two schools in Delhi National Capital Region. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and lifestyle data. Depression anxiety stress scale-21 was used to detect depression. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Stunkard Figure Rating Scale were used to evaluate sleep quality and BIIs. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version-25.

Results:
Depression was present in 40.3% of students. It was more common in girls, older students, students in higher classes, who lacked siblings and whose mothers were engaged in professions as well as those with BIIs. However, after multivariate analysis, the association of depression with poor sleep quality, meal skipping, lack of exercise, family history of mental illness, and inverse association with open discussion of one’s thoughts and worries with family remained significant.

Conclusions:
Depression is common among adolescents and shows associations with poor sleep quality and lifestyle choices. Awareness of these associations may enable better screening and early intervention for vulnerable adolescents.
Exploring internet addiction and its associated factors among college students in Western Rajasthan, India: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Rajasekhar Thota , Naveen Kikkeri Hanumantha Setty , Raghav Pankaja , Aneja Jitender , Thirunavukkarasu Prasanna , Dutta Gitashree , Srinivasan Srikanth , Sharma Prem Prakash , Gupta Manoj Kumar , Goel Akhil Dhanesh 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT

Background:
With near universal use of internet by college students, there is propensity for internet addiction (IA) among them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and predict the factors for internet addiction among college students in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, and qualitatively explore the factors associated with internet addiction.

Materials and Methods:
Explanatory sequential (QUAN-QUAL) mixed-methods design was used. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted among three streams of undergraduate colleges (health, engineering, and others). Survey instruments included Young’s internet addiction test (IAT), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) Items. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) among the students with mild-to-moderate levels of addiction were conducted to understand the reasons for excessive internet use.

Results:
The prevalence of internet addiction (IA) among the college students was 51% and the rates for mild, moderate, and severe addiction were 31.8%, 18.5%, and 0.7%, respectively. Predictors of IA were male gender, age in years, age of first internet use in years, urban origin, accessing internet at college, mobile internet use, using internet to make online friendship, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and stress. Qualitative study identified five major themes related to situations initiating internet use for nonacademic purpose, content of internet use, triggers for internet overuse/addiction (IA), perceived impact of IA, and measures to overcome IA.

Conclusions:
Internet addiction was found to be highly prevalent in college students across various streams. Qualitative results provide deeper insights into IA among college students. It is imperative to screen for IA among the students and devise suitable preventive interventions, which can be easily implemented at community level.