bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute Obedience: Servants and Masters on Danish Estates in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Lyngholm Dorte Kook 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines legal relations between estate owners and their servants and workers on Danish estates in the nineteenth century. From the end of the eighteenth century onwards, the traditional privileged role of Danish estate owners was changing, and their special legal status as “heads of household” over the entire population on their estates was slowly being undermined. The article investigates the relationship between estate owners and their servants and workers in legislation and court cases during these times of change. It examines the Danish servant acts from 1791 and 1854 and identifies the asymmetric order of subordination and superiority in this legislation. The core of the relationship was still a “contractual submission” that, to some extent, was private and unregulated by law, and estate owners were entitled to impose sanctions and physical punishment on their servants and workers according to their own judgement. When the Servant Law of 1854 abolished estate owners’ right to punish adult servants physically, it was a significant break from the old legal order. However, a central element in the legislation, before and after 1854, was that servants’ and workers’ disobedience towards estate owners was illegal. By analysing court cases, the article examines the borderlands of the legal definition of disobedience. The elasticity in the legal system was substantial – and frequently favoured the owners. In the legal system, the notion of disobedience served to protect the last remnants of the traditional legal order of submission and superiority.
Bacterivory of the hydrothermal-vent-specific copepod Stygiopontius senokuchiae (Dirivultidae, Siphonostomatoida) from copepodite through adult stages
Authors: Nomaki Hidetaka , Kawatani Kento , Motomura Yusuke , Tame Akihiro , Uyeno Daisuke , Ogawa Nanako O. , Ohkouchi Naohiko , Shimanaga Motohiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Stygiopontius senokuchiae is a hydrothermal-vent-specific copepod species (Dirivultidae, Siphonostomatoida) and abundantly distributes near vent orifices. This species is thought to have an early juvenile planktic stage, and previous studies using bulk tissue stable-isotope and radioisotope data suggest that adults ingest chemoautotrophic microbes growing on vent chimneys. However, ontogenetic changes in their diets have not been investigated. We analysed gut contents of copepodite I to adult stages of S. senokuchiae collected from a hydrothermal-vent chimney at the Izu-Ogasawara Arc to check for the presence of bacterial cells in oral tubes and guts. We compared these results with an unidentified co-occurring calanoid and a species of Ectinosoma (Harpacticoida) and to other Siphonostomatoid copepods, namely Hatschekia labracis (Hatschekiidae), which was attached to a scarbreast tuskfin (Choerodon azurio, Labridae), and Asterocheres sp. 1 (Asterocheridae), which was attached to a spirastrellid sponge. Carbon isotope ratios of S. senokuchiae at different stages and Ectinosoma were measured to complement the nutritional insights obtained from gut-content analysis. Our results clearly showed that most S. senokuchiae individuals possessed bacteria in the oral tube or gut regardless of growth stage, whereas the coexisting Ectinosoma and calanoid did not. The carbon isotopic compositions confirmed that S. senokuchiae gains its nutrition from chemoautotrophic bacteria that use the rTCA carbon-fixation pathway. Comparisons with other Siphonostomatoida copepods suggest that Dirivultidae are specifically adapted to feed on bacteria at hydrothermal-vent chimneys, allowing their high dominance and evolutionary success in these habitats.
Stereotactic radiosurgery in brain metastasis: treatment outcomes and patterns of failure
Authors: Turna Menekse , Rzazade Rashad , Küçükmorkoç Esra , Canoğlu Mehmet Doğu , Küçük Nadir , Çağlar Hale Başak 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Introduction:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has become a preferred treatment in the initial management of brain metastases (BM). This study reported treatment outcomes and identified the patient, tumour, and treatment-related factors that predict failure, survival, and brain necrosis (BN).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of all BM patients treated with SRS. Patient, tumour characteristics and treatment details data were collected. All recurrences and BN were defined in the neurooncological tumour board.

Results:
From December 2016 to April 2020, 148 patients were analysed. The median follow-up was 14·8 months (range 6–51). At the time of analyses, 72·3% of the patients were alive. Presence of initial neurological deficit (HR; 2·71 (1·07–6·9); p = 0·036) and prior RT (HR; 2·55 (1·28–5·09); p = 0·008) is associated with worse overall survival. The local recurrence rate was 11·5 %. The distant brain metastasis rate was 53·4 %. Leptomeningeal metastasis was seen in 11 patients (7·4%). Symptomatic BN was seen in 19 patients (12·8 %). Bigger lesions (13 versus 23 mm diameter; p = 0·034) and cavity radiosurgery are associated with more BN (63·2 % versus 36·8%; p: 0·004).

Conclusions:
Distant BM is the leading cause of CNS recurrences and, salvage SRS is possible. Due to the increasing risk of developing BN routine metastasectomy should be made with caution.
‘Only One Earth’: Environmental Perceptions and Policies before the Stockholm Conference, 1968–1972
Authors: Joos Lena 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis article examines the emergence of global environmental perceptions and policies in the preparatory phase of the UN Conference on the Human Environment 1968–1972, based on an internationally comparative study of sixty-three preparatory country reports. Located at the intersection of global, knowledge, environmental and political history, the article raises two theses. First, that ‘the environment’ emerged as a field of knowledge in not only capitalist industrial societies but globally, thus in socialist and non-industrial societies too. Second, the article demonstrates a large overlap of environmental policies taken across geographical and ideological lines. Thus, the article sheds light on the understanding of environmental problems as well as national and international environmental policy measures around 1970 and thereby contributes to the question of how environmental governance emerged as a global field.
Interactions of Hydraulic Fractures With Grain Boundary Discontinuities in the Near Wellbore Region
Authors: Yoshioka Keita , Katou Masafumi , Tamura Kohei , Arima Yutaro , Ito Yoshiharu , Chen Youqing , Ishida Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHydraulic fractures often turn or branch, interacting with preexisting discontinuities in the rock mass (e.g., natural fractures or defects). The criteria for fracture penetration or deflection are typically based on the in situ stress, and the angle and strength of discontinuities. However, in hydraulic fracture experiments on carbonate rocks (Naoi et al., 2020, https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa183), small scale analyses show that the fractures deflected more frequently at discontinuities (grain boundaries) as they propagated farther from the wellbore, a finding not explained by the conventional criteria. Here, we demonstrate that the energy dissipation of a deflecting fracture increases with the distance from the wellbore, such that a propagating hydraulic fracture more easily deflects at a discontinuity from an energetic standpoint. This tendency was confirmed by hydraulic fracture simulations based on a successive energy minimization approach. Our findings, which show that wellbores appreciably affect the behavior of hydraulic fractures, highlight the importance of energetic stability analysis for determining fracture paths.
Novel Insights Into the Zonal Flow and Transport in the Luzon Strait Based on Long‐Term Mooring Observations
Authors: Sun Zhongbin , Zhang Zhiwei , Huang Rui Xin , Gan Jianping , Zhou Chun , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe zonal flow and volume transport in the Luzon Strait play a crucial role in modulating the circulation, heat and material balance, and biogeochemical processes in the South China Sea (SCS), but the quantitative values remain unclear due to lack of long‐term direct observations. Here, this knowledge gap is bridged by analyzing 4‐year velocity measurements from a mooring array along 119.9°E. Based on the novel data, the mean value of the upper‐layer Luzon Strait transport (i.e., LST_up) is estimated at −4.54 ± 1.69 Sv. Seasonally, the westward LST_up attains its peak and trough in January and June with values of −6.80 ± 1.46 Sv and −2.59 ± 0.76 Sv, respectively. At the interannual time scale, the LST_up was strongest in 2016–2017 but weakest in 2017–2018. Further analysis suggested that local winds and the combination of local winds and upstream Kuroshio transport are likely the dominant modulation mechanisms for its seasonal and interannual variations, respectively. In the middle layer, a quasi‐steady cyclonic flow structure is identified and the volume transport is therefore trivial. We further found that seasonal variation of the middle‐layer transport is dominated by the eastward flow of this cyclonic structure. Corresponding to the gravest‐mode response in the Luzon Strait, seasonal‐to‐interannual variations of this middle‐layer eastward flow are nearly in‐phase with the upper‐layer westward flow. Overall, the above observational results provide a benchmark for the flow and transport in the Luzon Strait which can help understand the dynamics of the SCS circulation and validate and improve regional numerical simulations.
Sensitivity Analysis of the Noah‐MP Land Surface Model for Soil Hydrothermal Simulations Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hu Wei , Ma Weiqiang , Yang Zong‐Liang , Ma Yaoming , Xie Zhipeng 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) features unique and highly heterogeneous soils, terrains, vegetation, and climate. Accurately modeling complex freeze‐thaw processes and their hydrothermal impacts remains a great challenge. This study focused on deciphering the spatiotemporal variability of diverse parameterization schemes in the soil hydrothermal simulations using the Noah‐MP land surface model. We first discussed the spin‐up time required by the model to reach the equilibrium state, and then performed a sensitivity analysis of these schemes. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer land surface temperature and Soil Moisture Active Passive remote sensing products were used as benchmarks to evaluate the schemes' performance. Results show that longer spin‐up times are required in permafrost regions owing to water phase changes. Ground temperature and soil temperature are mainly sensitive to energy‐related schemes. Vegetation‐related schemes play an important role after the growing season begins on the southeastern TP. Soil water content shows strong sensitivity to schemes related to both water and energy transport. However, the sensitivity of these energy‐related schemes is weakened when simulating total soil moisture, including the total amount of water and ice, indicating that these schemes have marked impacts on soil freeze‐thaw processes. These results reveal the different spatial (both regional and depth‐related) and temporal effects of parameterization schemes; we also provided a preliminary selection of these schemes at a regional scale that could facilitate the further improvement of the soil hydrothermal simulations on the TP.
A novel ELP1 mutation impairs the function of the Elongator complex and causes a severe neurodevelopmental phenotype
Authors: Kojic Marija , Abbassi Nour E. H. , Lin Ting-Yu , Jones Alun , Wakeling Emma L. , Clement Emma , Nakou Vasiliki , Singleton Matthew , Dobosz Dominika , Kaliakatsos Marios , Glatt Sebastian , Wainwright Brandon J. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are heterogeneous, debilitating conditions that include motor and cognitive disability and social deficits. The genetic factors underlying the complex phenotype of NDDs remain to be elucidated. Accumulating evidence suggest that the Elongator complex plays a role in NDDs, given that patient-derived mutations in its ELP2, ELP3, ELP4 and ELP6 subunits have been associated with these disorders. Pathogenic variants in its largest subunit ELP1 have been previously found in familial dysautonomia and medulloblastoma, with no link to NDDs affecting primarily the central nervous system.

Methods
Clinical investigation included patient history and physical, neurological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. A novel homozygous likely pathogenic ELP1 variant was identified by whole-genome sequencing. Functional studies included in silico analysis of the mutated ELP1 in the context of the holo-complex, production and purification of the ELP1 harbouring the identified mutation and in vitro analyses using microscale thermophoresis for tRNA binding assay and acetyl-CoA hydrolysis assay. Patient fibroblasts were harvested for tRNA modification analysis using HPLC coupled to mass spectrometry.

Results
We report a novel missense mutation in the ELP1 identified in two siblings with intellectual disability and global developmental delay. We show that the mutation perturbs the ability of ELP123 to bind tRNAs and compromises the function of the Elongator in vitro and in human cells.

Conclusion
Our study expands the mutational spectrum of ELP1 and its association with different neurodevelopmental conditions and provides a specific target for genetic counselling.
Hot moment of N2O emissions in seasonally frozen peatlands
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Wang Shanyun , Yang Yuanhe , Tian Hanqin , Jetten Mike S M , Song Changchun , Zhu Guibing 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Since the start of the Anthropocene, northern seasonally frozen peatlands have been warming at a rate of 0.6 °C per decade, twice that of the Earth’s average rate, thereby triggering increased nitrogen mineralization with subsequent potentially large losses of nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. Here we provide evidence that seasonally frozen peatlands are important N2O emission sources in the Northern Hemisphere and the thawing periods are the hot moment of annual N2O emissions. The flux during the hot moment of thawing in spring was 1.20 ± 0.82 mg N2O m−2 d−1, significantly higher than that during the other periods (freezing, −0.12 ± 0.02 mg N2O m−2 d−1; frozen, 0.04 ± 0.04 mg N2O m−2 d−1; thawed, 0.09 ± 0.01 mg N2O m−2 d−1) or observed for other ecosystems at the same latitude in previous studies. The observed emission flux is even higher than those of tropical forests, the World’s largest natural terrestrial N2O source. Furthermore, based on soil incubation with 15N and 18O isotope tracing and differential inhibitors, heterotrophic bacterial and fungal denitrification was revealed as the main source of N2O in peatland profiles (0–200 cm). Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and qPCR assays further revealed that seasonally frozen peatlands have high N2O emission potential, but thawing significantly stimulates expression of genes encoding N2O-producing protein complexes (hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (hao) and nitric oxide reductase (nor)), resulting in high N2O emissions during spring. This hot moment converts seasonally frozen peatlands into an important N2O emission source when it is otherwise a sink. Extrapolation of our data to all northern peatland areas reveals that the hot moment emissions could amount to approximately 0.17 Tg of N2O yr−1. However, these N2O emissions are still not routinely included in Earth system models and global IPCC assessments.
Tissue transglutaminase exacerbates renal fibrosis via alternative activation of monocyte-derived macrophages
Authors: Shinoda Yoshiki , Tatsukawa Hideki , Yonaga Atsushi , Wakita Ryosuke , Takeuchi Taishu , Tsuji Tokuji , Tanaka Miyako , Suganami Takayoshi , Hitomi Kiyotaka 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMacrophages are important components in modulating homeostatic and inflammatory responses and are generally categorized into two broad but distinct subsets: classical activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) depending on the microenvironment. Fibrosis is a chronic inflammatory disease exacerbated by M2 macrophages, although the detailed mechanism by which M2 macrophage polarization is regulated remains unclear. These polarization mechanisms have little in common between mice and humans, making it difficult to adapt research results obtained in mice to human diseases. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a known marker common to mouse and human M2 macrophages and is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for crosslinking reactions. Here we sought to identify the role of TG2 in macrophage polarization and fibrosis. In IL-4-treated macrophages derived from mouse bone marrow and human monocyte cells, the expression of TG2 was increased with enhancement of M2 macrophage markers, whereas knockout or inhibitor treatment of TG2 markedly suppressed M2 macrophage polarization. In the renal fibrosis model, accumulation of M2 macrophages in fibrotic kidney was significantly reduced in TG2 knockout or inhibitor-administrated mice, along with the resolution of fibrosis. Bone marrow transplantation using TG2-knockout mice revealed that TG2 is involved in M2 polarization of infiltrating macrophages derived from circulating monocytes and exacerbates renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the suppression of renal fibrosis in TG2-knockout mice was abolished by transplantation of wild-type bone marrow or by renal subcapsular injection of IL4-treated macrophages derived from bone marrow of wild-type, but not TG2 knockout. Transcriptome analysis of downstream targets involved in M2 macrophages polarization revealed that ALOX15 expression was enhanced by TG2 activation and promoted M2 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the increase in the abundance of ALOX15-expressing macrophages in fibrotic kidney was dramatically suppressed in TG2-knockout mice. These findings demonstrated that TG2 activity exacerbates renal fibrosis by polarization of M2 macrophages from monocytes via ALOX15.
Next-generation seismic model of the Australian crust from synchronous and asynchronous ambient noise imaging
Authors: Chen Yunfeng , Saygin Erdinc , Kennett Brian , Qashqai Mehdi Tork , Hauser Juerg , Lumley David , Sandiford Mike 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe proliferation of seismic networks in Australia has laid the groundwork for high-resolution probing of the continental crust. Here we develop an updated 3D shear-velocity model using a large dataset containing nearly 30 years of seismic recordings from over 1600 stations. A recently-developed ambient noise imaging workflow enables improved data analysis by integrating asynchronous arrays across the continent. This model reveals fine-scale crustal structures at a lateral resolution of approximately 1-degree in most parts of the continent, highlighted by 1) shallow low velocities (<3.2 km/s) well correlated with the locations of known sedimentary basins, 2) consistently faster velocities beneath discovered mineral deposits, suggesting a whole-crustal control on the mineral deposition process, and 3) distinctive crustal layering and improved characterization of depth and sharpness of the crust-mantle transition. Our model sheds light on undercover mineral exploration and inspires future multi-disciplinary studies for a more comprehensive understanding of the mineral systems in Australia.
Rotating quantum wave turbulence
Authors: Mäkinen J. T. , Autti S. , Heikkinen P. J. , Hosio J. J. , Hänninen R. , L’vov V. S. , Walmsley P. M. , Zavjalov V. V. , Eltsov V. B. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTurbulence under strong influence of rotation is described as an ensemble of interacting inertial waves across a wide range of length scales. In macroscopic quantum condensates, the quasiclassical turbulent dynamics at large scales is altered at small scales, where the quantization of vorticity is essential. The nature of this transition remains an unanswered question. Here we expand the concept of wave-driven turbulence to rotating quantum fluids where the spectrum of waves extends to microscopic scales as Kelvin waves on quantized vortices. We excite inertial waves at the largest scale by periodic modulation of the angular velocity and observe dissipation-independent transfer of energy to smaller scales and the eventual onset of the elusive Kelvin wave cascade at the lowest temperatures. We further find that energy is pumped to the system through a boundary layer distinct from the classical Ekman layer and support our observations with numerical simulations. Our experiments demonstrate a regime of turbulent motion in quantum fluids where the role of vortex reconnections can be neglected, thus stripping the transition between the classical and the quantum regimes of turbulence down to its constituent components.
Astaxanthin treatment ameliorates ER stress in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jabarpour Masoome , Aleyasin Ashraf , Nashtaei Maryam Shabani , Lotfi Sara , Amidi Fardin 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAstaxanthin (ASX), as a natural carotenoid compound, exists in various types of seafood and microorganisms. It has several possible beneficial therapeutic effects for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Patients with PCOS also suffer from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In the present work, it was hypothesized that ER stress could be improved by ASX in PCOS patients. Granulosa cells (GCs) were obtained from 58 PCOS patients. The patients were classified into ASX treatment (receiving 12 mg/day for 60 days) and placebo groups. The expression levels of ER stress pathway genes and proteins were explored using Western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To assess oxidative stress markers, follicular fluid (FF) was gained from all patients. The Student’s t test was used to perform statistical analysis. After the intervention, ASX led to a considerable reduction in the expression levels of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), and X-box-binding protein 1 compared to the placebo group, though the reduction in the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression level of activating transcription factor 6 was not statistically significant. However, ASX significantly increased the ATF4 expression level. GRP78 and CHOP protein levels represented a considerable decrease in the treatment group after the intervention. In addition, a statistically significant increase was found in the FF level of total antioxidant capacity in the treatment group. Based on clinical outcomes, no significant differences were found between the groups in terms of the oocyte number, fertilization rate, and fertility rate, but the ASX group had higher rates of high-quality oocytes, high-quality embryo, and oocyte maturity compared to the placebo group. Our findings demonstrated that ER stress in the GCs of PCOS patients could be modulated by ASX by changing the expression of genes and proteins included in the unfolding protein response.Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered on the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials website (www.irct.ir; IRCT-ID: IRCT20201029049183N, 2020-11-27).