bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of multi-observations uncertainty and models similarity on climate change projections
Authors: Pathak Raju , Dasari Hari Prasad , Ashok Karumuri , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: September 2023

AbstractClimate change projections (CCPs) are based on the multimodel means of individual climate model simulations that are assumed to be independent. However, model similarity leads to projections biased toward the largest set of similar models and intermodel uncertainty underestimation. We assessed the influences of similarities in CMIP6 through CMIP3 CCPs. We ascertained model similarity from shared physics/dynamics and initial conditions by comparing simulated spatial temperature and precipitation with the corresponding observed patterns and accounting for intermodel spread relative to the observational uncertainty, which is also critical. After accounting for similarity, the information from 57 CMIP6, 47 CMIP5, and 24 CMIP3 models can be explained by just 11 independent models without significant differences in globally averaged climate change statistics. On average, independent models indicate a lower global-mean temperature rise of 0.25 °C (~0.5 °C–1 °C in some regions) relative to all models by the end of the 21st century under CMIP6’s highest emission scenario.
Development of potent antibody drug conjugates against ICAM1+ cancer cells in preclinical models of cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Bing , Wang Xinyan , Shimura Takaya , Huang Andrew C , Kong Nana , Dai Yujie , Fang Jianmin , Guo Peng , Ying Jie-Er 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAs a highly lethal adenocarcinoma of the hepatobiliary system, outcomes for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients remain prominently poor with a 5-year survival of <10% due to the lack of effective treatment modalities. Targeted therapeutics for CCA are limited and surgical resection of CCA frequently suffers from a high recurrence rate. Here we report two effective targeted therapeutics in this preclinical study for CCA. We first performed a quantitative and unbiased screening of cancer-related antigens using comparative flow cytometry in a panel of human CCA cell lines, and identified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) as a therapeutic target for CCA. After determining that ICAM1 has the ability to efficiently mediate antibody internalization, we constructed two ICAM1 antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) by conjugating ICAM1 antibodies to different cytotoxic payloads through cleavable chemical linkers. The efficacies of two ICAM1 ADCs have been evaluated in comparison with the first-line chemodrug Gemcitabine in vitro and in vivo, and ICAM1 antibodies coupled with warhead DX-8951 derivative (DXd) or monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) elicit a potent and consistent tumor attenuation. In summary, this study paves the road for developing a promising targeted therapeutic candidate for clinical treatment of CCA.
Taxol acts differently on different tubulin isotypes
Authors: Chew Yean Ming , Cross Robert A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTaxol is a small molecule effector that allosterically locks tubulin into the microtubule lattice. We show here that taxol has different effects on different single-isotype microtubule lattices. Using in vitro reconstitution, we demonstrate that single-isotype α1β4 GDP-tubulin lattices are stabilised and expanded by 10 µM taxol, as reported by accelerated microtubule gliding in kinesin motility assays, whereas single-isotype α1β3 GDP-tubulin lattices are stabilised but not expanded. This isotype-specific action of taxol drives gliding of segmented-isotype GDP-taxol microtubules along convoluted, sinusoidal paths, because their expanded α1β4 segments try to glide faster than their compacted α1β3 segments. In GMPCPP, single-isotype α1β3 and α1β4 lattices both show accelerated gliding, indicating that both can in principle be driven to expand. We therefore propose that taxol-induced lattice expansion requires a higher taxol occupancy than taxol-induced stabilisation, and that higher taxol occupancies are accessible to α1β4 but not α1β3 single-isotype lattices.
Light modulates task-dependent thalamo-cortical connectivity during an auditory attentional task
Authors: Paparella Ilenia , Campbell Islay , Sharifpour Roya , Beckers Elise , Berger Alexandre , Aizpurua Jose Fermin Balda , Koshmanova Ekaterina , Mortazavi Nasrin , Talwar Puneet , Degueldre Christian , Lamalle Laurent , Sherif Siya , Phillips Christophe , Maquet Pierre , Vandewalle Gilles 
Published: September 2023

AbstractExposure to blue wavelength light stimulates alertness and performance by modulating a widespread set of task-dependent cortical and subcortical areas. How light affects the crosstalk between brain areas to trigger this stimulating effect is not established. Here we record the brain activity of 19 healthy young participants (24.05±2.63; 12 women) while they complete an auditory attentional task in darkness or under an active (blue-enriched) or a control (orange) light, in an ultra-high-field 7 Tesla MRI scanner. We test if light modulates the effective connectivity between an area of the posterior associative thalamus, encompassing the pulvinar, and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), key areas in the regulation of attention. We find that only the blue-enriched light strengthens the connection from the posterior thalamus to the IPS. To the best of our knowledge, our results provide the first empirical data supporting that blue wavelength light affects ongoing non-visual cognitive activity by modulating task-dependent information flow from subcortical to cortical areas.
Formation of nitrogen-containing gas phase products from the heterogeneous (photo)reaction of NO2 with gallic acid
Authors: Li Pan , Gemayel Rachel , Li Xue , Liu Jiangping , Tang Mingjin , Wang Xinming , Yang Yan , Al-Abadleh Hind A. , Gligorovski Sasho 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHeterogeneous reaction of gas phase NO2 with atmospheric humic-like substances (HULIS) is potentially an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including nitrogen (N)-containing compounds, a class of brown carbon of emerging importance. However, the role of ubiquitous water-soluble aerosol components in this multiphase chemistry, namely nitrate and iron ions, remains largely unexplored. Here, we used secondary electrospray ionization ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry for real-time measurements of VOCs formed during the heterogeneous reaction of gas phase NO2 with a solution containing gallic acid (GA) as a proxy of HULIS at pH 5 relevant for moderately acidic aerosol particles. Results showed that the number of detected N-containing organic compounds largely increased from 4 during the NO2 reaction with GA in the absence of nitrate and iron ions to 55 in the presence of nitrate and iron ions. The N-containing compounds have reduced nitrogen functional groups, namely amines, imines and imides. These results suggest that the number of N-containing compounds is significantly higher in deliquescent aerosol particles due to the influence of relatively higher ionic strength from nitrate ions and complexation/redox reactivity of iron cations compared to that in the dilute aqueous phase representative of cloud, fog, and rain water.
Synchronization in networked systems with large parameter heterogeneity
Authors: Nazerian Amirhossein , Panahi Shirin , Sorrentino Francesco 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSystems that synchronize in nature are intrinsically different from one another, with possibly large differences from system to system. While a vast part of the literature has investigated the emergence of network synchronization for the case of small parametric mismatches, we consider the general case that parameter mismatches may be large. We present a unified stability analysis that predicts why the range of stability of the synchronous solution either increases or decreases with parameter heterogeneity for a given network. We introduce a parametric approach, based on the definition of a curvature contribution function, which allows us to estimate the effect of mismatches on the stability of the synchronous solution in terms of contributions of pairs of eigenvalues of the Laplacian. For cases in which synchronization occurs in a bounded interval of a parameter, we study the effects of parameter heterogeneity on both transitions (asynchronous to synchronous and synchronous to asynchronous.).
Quantum-limit phenomena and band structure in the magnetic topological semimetal EuZn2As2
Authors: Blawat Joanna , Speer Smita , Singleton John , Xie Weiwei , Jin Rongying 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe interplay between magnetism and electronic topology in the quantum limit is a forefront subject of condensed matter physics. Here, we show the electronic and magnetic properties of layered antiferromagnet EuZn2As2 in pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T and temperatures down to 0.6 K. By analyzing the quantum oscillations observed in the magnetoresistance (MR) and proximity detector oscillator (PDO) frequency, we find that (1) the oscillation frequency F = 46 ± 6 T for H // c and 42 ± 2 T for H // ab; (2) the corresponding Berry phase is close to π for H // c, implying a nontrivial topology; and (3) the large linear MR occurs beyond the first Landau level, without any sign of saturation. From these observations, we conclude that the linear MR can be understood by considering diffusing cyclotron centers due to compressed Landau wavefunction, an emergent behavior in the quantum limit.
Sea animal colonies enhance carbonyl sulfide emissions from coastal Antarctic tundra
Authors: Zhang Wanying , Zhu Renbin , Jiao Yi , Rhew Robert C. , Sun Bowen , Rinnan Riikka , Zhou Zeming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Antarctic tundra, dominated by non-vascular photoautotrophs (NVP) like mosses and lichens, serves as an important habitat for sea animals. These animals contribute organic matter and oceanic sulfur to land, potentially influencing sulfur transformations. Here, we measured carbonyl sulfide (OCS) fluxes from the Antarctic tundra and linked them to soil biochemical properties. Results revealed that the NVP-dominated upland tundra acted as an OCS sink (−0.97 ± 0.57 pmol m−2 s−1), driven by NVP and OCS-metabolizing enzymes from soil microbes (e.g., Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Chloroflexi). In contrast, tundra within sea animal colonies exhibited OCS emissions up to 1.35 ± 0.38 pmol m−2 s−1, resulting from the introduction of organosulfur compounds that stimulated concurrent OCS production. Furthermore, sea animal colonization likely influenced OCS-metabolizing microbial communities and further promoted OCS production. Overall, this study highlighted the role of sea animal activities in shaping the soil-atmospheric exchange of OCS through interacting with soil chemical properties and microbial compositions.
Unsafe behaviour detection with the improved YOLOv5 model
Authors: Ying Li , Lei Zhao , Junwei Geng , Jinhui Hu , Lei Ma , Zilong Zhao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn industrial environments, workers should wear workwear for safety considerations. For the same reason, smoking is also prohibited. Due to the supervision of monitoring devices, workers have reduced smoking behaviours and started wearing workwear. To meet the requirements for detecting these behaviours in real‐time monitoring videos with high speed and accuracy, the authors proposed an improved YOLOv5 model with the Triplet Attention mechanism. This mechanism strengthens the connection between channel and spatial dimensions, focuses the network on important parts, and improves feature extraction. Compared to the original YOLOv5 model, the addition of the mechanism increases the parameters by only 0.04%. The recall rate of the YOLOv5 model is enhanced while its prediction speed is maintained with only a minimal increase in parameters. Experiment results show that, compared to the original model, the improved YOLOv5 has a recall rate of 78.8%, 91%, and 89.3% for detecting smoking behaviour, not wearing helmets, and inappropriate workwear, respectively.
Domain‐invariant attention network for transfer learning between cross‐scene hyperspectral images
Authors: Ye Minchao , Wang Chenglong , Meng Zhihao , Xiong Fengchao , Qian Yuntao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSmall‐sample‐size problem is always a challenge for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Considering the co‐occurrence of land‐cover classes between similar scenes, transfer learning can be performed, and cross‐scene classification is deemed a feasible approach proposed in recent years. In cross‐scene classification, the source scene which possesses sufficient labelled samples is used for assisting the classification of the target scene that has a few labelled samples. In most situations, different HSI scenes are imaged by different sensors resulting in their various input feature dimensions (i.e. number of bands), hence heterogeneous transfer learning is desired. An end‐to‐end heterogeneous transfer learning algorithm namely domain‐invariant attention network (DIAN) is proposed to solve the cross‐scene classification problem. The DIAN mainly contains two modules. (1) A feature‐alignment CNN (FACNN) is applied to extract features from source and target scenes, respectively, aiming at projecting the heterogeneous features from two scenes into a shared low‐dimensional subspace. (2) A domain‐invariant attention block is developed to gain cross‐domain consistency with a specially designed class‐specific domain‐invariance loss, thus further eliminating the domain shift. The experiments on two different cross‐scene HSI datasets show that the proposed DIAN achieves satisfying classification results.
Robust stability region analysis of time‐delayed load frequency control systems with EVs aggregator using Kharitonov theorem
Authors: Naveed Ausnain , Sönmez Şahin , Ayasun Saffet , Iqbal Sheeraz , Zeinoddini‐Meymand Hamed , Kamel Salah 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study focuses on analyzing the robust stability regions and robustness margin of a time‐delayed load frequency control (LFC) system with Electric Vehicles (EVs) using the Kharitonov Theorem. Communication time delays in LFC systems can jeopardize stability and reliability, leading to suboptimal controller performance. Integrating EVs into LFC systems enhances dynamical stability but introduces additional complexity. Therefore, it is crucial to employ robust analysis and controller design techniques to ensure system stability. In this study, we utilize the Kharitonov Theorem to determine the robust stability regions and stability boundaries in the parameter plane of the Proportional‐Integral (PI) controller. By considering communication time delays and parametric uncertainties in the LFC system with EVs (LFC‐EVs), the robust PI controller gains using these methods are efficiently computed. To evaluate the performance of the theoretically computed robust controller parameters, time‐domain simulations are conducted.
FNRegion: A fast NAM‐based region extraction algorithm
Authors: Zheng Yunping , Yang Bowen , Sarem Mudar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRegion extraction is usually used by many computer vision tasks as a pre‐processing step to extract image features. However, how to efficiently extract effective regions remains a challenging problem. In this paper, inspired by the non‐symmetry and anti‐packing pattern representation model (NAM) and the FatRegion algorithm, a fast NAM‐based region extraction algorithm which is called FNRegion is proposed. A NAM‐based homogeneous block generation algorithm is first presented to represent an image as a combination of multiple homogeneous blocks, each of which is a square region with visually indistinguishable intra‐region colour difference. Then, these homogeneous blocks are merged into larger regions according to their colour and shape information. To group these regions into larger ones in order to progressively build a region tree, a distance function is defined using variety of regional information to measure the distance between adjacent regions. Also, a multi‐feature region merging algorithm with linear complexity both in time and space is presented.The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on multiple public datasets in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art region extraction algorithms. The experimental results show that in the case of almost the same or even less running time as other fast region extraction algorithms, the proposed algorithm is able to extract higher‐quality regions.
SE‐Swin: An improved Swin‐Transfomer network of self‐ensemble feature extraction framework for image retrieval
Authors: Xu Yixuan , Wang Xianbing , Zhang Hua , Lin Hai 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Swin‐Transformer is a variant of the Vision Transformer, which constructs a hierarchical Transformer that computes representations with shifted windows and window multi‐head self‐attention. This method can handle the scale invariance problem and performs well in many computer vision tasks. In image retrieval, high‐quality feature descriptors are necessary to improve retrieval accuracy. This paper proposes a self‐ensemble Swin‐Transformer network structure to fuse the features of different layers of the Swin‐Transformer network, eliminating noise points present in a single layer, and improving the retrieval effect. Two experiments were conducted, one on the In‐shop Clothes Retrieval dataset and another on the Stanford Online Product dataset. The experiments showed that the proposed method significantly increased the retrieval effect of features extracted using Vision Transformer, surpassing previous state‐of‐the‐art image retrieval methods. In the second experiment, the feature map of the trained model was visualized, revealing that the improved network significantly reduces focus on some noise points and enhances focus on image features compared to the original network.
Predicting Positive Radial Margin on Restaging MRI of Patients with Low Rectal Cancer: Can We Do Better?
Authors: Patra Anurima , Lakhani Aisha , Augustine Antony , Mohapatra Priyanka , Eapen Anu , Singh Ashish , Masih Dipti , Ram Thomas S. , Jesudason Mark R. , Mittal Rohin , Chandramohan Anuradha 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the tissue involving the margin and study if this information will affect margin prediction on restaging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in low rectal adenocarcinoma (LRC) patients treated with neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy (LCCRT).
Methods In this retrospective study of nonmetastatic LRC (distal margin <5 cm from the anal verge) treated with LCCRT followed by surgery, a radiologist blinded to outcome reread the restaging MRI and documented if the radial margin was involved by tumor, fibrosis, or mucin reaction using T2 high-resolution (HR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). The diagnostic performance of tumor-involving margin on restaging MRI was assessed using surgical histopathology as a reference. Interobserver agreement between three independent radiologists was assessed in a subset.
Results We included 133 patients (80 males and 53 females) with a mean (range) age of 44.7 (21–86) years and 82% of them had well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Baseline MRI showed T3 (n = 58) or T4 (n = 60) disease in 89% of the patients. The pathological margin was positive in 21% (n = 28) cases. In restaging MRI, the circumferential resection margin (CRM) ≤1 mm in 75.1% (n = 100) cases and MRI predicted tumor, fibrosis, and mucin reaction at the margin in 60, 34, and 6%, respectively, and histopathology showed tumor cells in 33, 14.7, and 16.6% of them, respectively. LRC with tumor-involving margin and bad response (MR tumor regression grade [mr-TRG] 3–5) on restaging MRI had fourfold increased risk of positive pathological circumferential resection margin (pCRM). There was moderate and fair inter-reader agreement for the tissue type involving the CRM (κ = 0.471) and mr-TRG (κ = 0.266), p < 0.05. The use of both distance criteria and tumor-involving margins improved the diagnostic accuracy for margin prediction from 39 to 66% on restaging MRI.
Conclusions Margin prediction on restaging MRI can be improved by characterizing the tissue type involving the margin in low rectal cancer patients. The inter-reader agreement was moderate for determining the tissue type.
A climate of optimism? EU policy-making, political science and the democratization of Central and Eastern Europe (2000–2015)
Authors: Herman Lise Esther , Dawson James , Ananda Aurelia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDemocratic erosion in the EU’s Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states has confounded EU policy-makers. In this paper, we investigate the assumptions behind the climate of optimism about CEE democratization that prevailed in EU decision-making before and after the 5th and 6th enlargements, and the extent to which political science participated in this intellectual climate. Based on a qualitative analysis of EU decision-making in the early twenty-first century and a quantitative analysis of 500 randomly sampled papers published between 2000 and 2015, we find that both policy makers and the most influential research in political science shared a bias towards optimism structured by common assumptions: A procedural understanding of democracy, a rational institutionalist belief in the EU’s capacity to bring these procedures about with the use of incentives and the related assumption that sociocultural dimensions of democracy would eventually follow institutions. We argue that these common assumptions help to explain both the EU’s failure to pre-empt and respond proportionately to democratic erosion, and the failure of our discipline to check that optimism.
Gradual parallel-process training for counseling students delivering intervention programs
Authors: Hadar Efrat , Peleg Ora 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPsycho-educational group counseling can be useful for counselors working with schoolchildren; however, there is a paucity of studies on the effectiveness of parallel-process training for school counseling students who deliver these programs. This qualitative-phenomenological study aims to outline a gradual training model based on parallel processes and to examine its contribution to counseling students’ professional development. Thirty-three graduate students, who participated in an Intervention Programs course and delivered 27 programs in schools, were interviewed at the conclusion of the academic year. Of them, 29 (88%) were women; 15 were Jews, 17 were Arabs (15 Muslims and two Christians), and one was a non-Arab Christian born abroad. Most interviewees (28) were married, and their mean age was 34.79 (SD = 7.57, range = 26–54). Results indicated that, despite their initial fears about their ability to conduct an intervention program, the training was effective in enhancing students’ personal and professional development and confidence. The unique in-depth training also enriched students’ skills in delivering effective intervention programs to promote pupils’ well-being. Results provide insight into improving and fine-tuning school counselor training.