bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of h‐BN particles using Ca‐assisted carbothermal reduction nitridation to high‐thermal‐conductive resin/h‐BN composites
Authors: Daiki Shota , Ishikawa Toshihiro 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) particles exhibit high thermal conductivity and are promising fillers for resin filling. However, h‐BN particles are plate‐like particles with thermal anisotropy in the planar and thickness directions. Therefore, their applications are limited due to low thermal conductivity in the direction of the thickness of a resin sheet filled with h‐BN particles. In this study, we control the size and thickness of h‐BN particles using carbothermal reduction nitridation (CRN), which involves the carbothermic reduction of boric oxide in an N2 gas atmosphere and develop them into resin sheets. In CRN using a CaO promoter, a novel method is developed to control the shape, size, and thickness of h‐BN particles. Using h‐BN particles grown in the thickness direction, we have successfully provided resin sheets with high thermal conductivity.
The genogram as a recruitment tool for identifying primary caregivers of youth living with sickle cell disease preparing for transition
Authors: Varty Maureen , Speller‐Brown Barbara , Popejoy   , Patterson Kelly Katherine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe the impact of using genograms to identify family caregivers from an original research study which used family caregiver‐adolescents/young adults (AYA) dyads.BackgroundResearch to improve transition preparation for AYA with chronic disease is essential as 90% will survive into adulthood. Family‐based transition research is specifically needed as a majority of transition preparation will occur in the home setting. Dyadic research on transition has not previously described strategies for recruiting appropriate family caregivers.DesignA descriptive, secondary analysis was conducted using genograms developed during the original study conducted between October 2019 and February 2020.MethodsFor this secondary analysis conducted between July 2020 and August 2021, 50 genograms were analysed using descriptive statistics to describe family structures, relationships and responsibilities in families of AYAs living with sickle cell disease.ResultsIn 43 genograms, there was only one primary caregiver in the family. In seven genograms, there were multiple primary caregivers who met the inclusion criteria for primary caregiver in a single family. In five genograms, there were two appropriate primary caregivers in a single family, and in two genograms, there were three appropriate individuals in a single family who met study criteria as a primary caregiver.ConclusionsFindings from the analysis of the genograms used in the original study demonstrated potential ability to improve on dyad recruitment by more specifically identifying the family member most involved in supporting the AYA's disease management.ImpactGenograms are an established tool for gathering information on families and application with recruitment could improve research in the realm of transition and other family‐based research.No Patient or Public ContributionThis was a secondary analysis that assessed already existing data.
Concept analysis of adoption: A hybrid model
Authors: Kohne Zahra Amrollah Majdabadi , Shahrestanaki Sahar Keyvanloo , Parvizy Soroor , Shoghi Mahnaz 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundAdoption is a multidimensional concept affected by cultural and social factors. On the other hand, the number of adoptees has recently increased indicating the need to pay more attention to this issue. However, no clear definition of this concept has been provided so far.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to analyze the concept of adoption.MethodsThe present study was an analysis using a hybrid model in three phases. During the theoretical phase, using the keyword “adoption,” pertinent articles published between 2010 and 2022 were searched. In the field work phase, eight adoptive parents as the participants were interviewed and the data were analyzed using conventional content analysis method. In the final analysis phase, a general analysis of the two previous phases was performed and a final definition was presented.ResultsAdoption is one of the ways of having children that helps infertile couples to experience parental pleasure. If adoption is done wisely based on the abilities of parents, it can provide the best care setting for the child's growth leading to the consolidation of the family and a purposeful life. In adoption, all of the rights and responsibilities of the child are transferred from the biological parents to the adoptive parents, which is affected by religious and cultural beliefs.ConclusionThe analysis of the concept of adoption provided a good basis for identifying the various dimensions of adoption and its challenges. The parents need to pay attention to all dimensions of adoption before selecting this path. It also provided a good platform for future research in the field of adoption.
Assessment of kiwifruit firmness by using airflow and laser technique
Authors: Sun Qinming , Luo Xiuzhi , He Ke , Jing Bowen , Tang Xiuying 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFirmness is a valid and widely acknowledged indication of fruit quality that is directly connected to physical structure and mechanical qualities. The deformation signals of kiwifruit for firmness assessment were acquired using an assessment system based on airflow and laser technology in this investigation. Using partial least squares regression (PLSR), genetic algorithm optimization of bp neural network (GA‐BP), and an extreme learning machine (ELM), deformation data from kiwifruit was used to create models of Magness–Taylor penetration firmness prediction. The ELM model outperformed the PLSR model, and GA‐BP model in the prediction set, with a correlation coefficient of 0.876 and a root mean squared error of 3.576 N in the prediction set. These findings showed that an assessment system based on airflow and laser techniques can be utilized to assess the firmness of kiwifruit quickly and nondestructively.
Customary rights of farmers and PepsiCo controversy
Authors: Singh Digvijay , Singh Rajnish K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFarming communities have played a vital role in making plant genetic resources available to commercial plant breeders for development of new varieties of plants. They are instrumental in ensuring sustainability of agriculture, which is a must to meet the demands of an increasing world's population. Despite the above the contributions of farming communities are undervalued. Agriculture‐based economies cannot do justice with these communities by treating them as steward of biological resources only. Attempts have been made in different jurisdictions to protect commercial plant breeders as well as farmers using different options available under the TRIPs Agreement. But, in no jurisdiction, farming communities have affirmative rights equal to or better than commercial plant breeders due to the demands of privatization of seed industries and technological developments in agriculture sector. An attempt has been made by the Government of India under the Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001 to recognize the enormous contributions of farming communities and give them protection at par with commercial plant breeders. In fact, the Act recognizes the long‐due customary claims of farming communities. The paper examines the rights of farmers as customary rights particularly in light of the UNDROP, 2018. It critically examines the recent decision of PPV&FR Authority in Kavitha Kuruganti case to understand PepsiCo's concerns and its contradictions with customary rights of farmers in India.
Analysis of the bacterial communities associated with pupae and winged or wingless adults ofLipoptena fortisetosacollected from cervids in Italy
Authors: Andreani Annalisa , Beltramo Chiara , Ponzetta Maria Paola , Belcari Antonio , Sacchetti Patrizia , Acutis Pier Luigi , Peletto Simone 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe hippoboscidLipoptena fortisetosaMaa, 1965 is a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids that can bite humans. This fly is expanding its geographical range and is of concern for animal and human health since it can potentially harbour harmful microorganisms. This study was aimed at characterizing the bacterial communities ofL. fortisetosain its different life‐cycle stages. Pupae and wingless adults were collected from cervids hunted in Tuscan‐Emilian Apennines (central Italy) and pooled into groups of 10 by life stage (30 individual pupae; 1420 individual wingless adults). Winged flies were caught by sweep netting and separated into five pools of 10 insects. After DNA extraction, the bacterial content of each pool was analysed using 16 S metabarcoding. Results revealed that the composition and relative abundance of different taxa greatly differed in the three analysed groups. Wingless adults showed a high abundance ofBartonella(33.07%), which is almost absent in winged flies and pupae. Among the detected pathogens, four genera of concern for human health were found:Bartonella,Moraxella,MycobacteriumandRickettsia. Interestingly reads similar toBartonella bovis,Moraxella osloensisandArsenophonus lipopteniOperational Taxonomic Unit (OTUs) were detected. These findings suggest the possible role ofL. fortisetosaas a reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms, confirming the need for further investigation to ascertain its vectorial capacity.
Effects of antiresorptive medications on tooth root formation and tooth eruption in paediatric patients
Authors: Arai Yuki , English Jeryl D. , Ono Noriaki , Ono Wanida 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTooth eruption is a pivotal milestone for children's growth and development. This process involves with the formation of the tooth root, the periodontal ligament (PDL) and the alveolar bone, as the tooth crown penetrates the bone and gingiva to enter the oral cavity. This review aims to outline current knowledge of the adverse dental effects of antiresorptive medications. Recently, paediatric indications for antiresorptive medications, such as bisphosphonates (BPs), have emerged, and these agents are increasingly used in children and adolescents to cure pathological bone resorption associated with bone diseases and cancers. Since tooth eruption is accompanied by osteoclastic bone resorption, it is expected that the administration of antiresorptive medications during this period affects tooth development. Indeed, several articles studying human patient cohorts and animal models report the dental defects associated with the use of these antiresorptive medications. This review shows the summary of the possible factors related to tooth eruption and introduces the future research direction to understand the mechanisms underlying the dental defects caused by antiresorptive medications.
An iterative gene‐editing strategy broadens eIF4E1 genetic diversity in Solanum lycopersicum and generates resistance to multiple potyvirus isolates
Authors: Kuroiwa Kyoka , Danilo Benoit , Perrot Laura , Thenault Christina , Veillet Florian , Delacote Fabien , Duchateau Philippe , Nogué Fabien , Mazier Marianne , Gallois Jean‐Luc 
Published: January 2023

SummaryResistance to potyviruses in plants has been largely provided by the selection of natural variant alleles of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIF) 4E in many crops. However, the sources of such variability for breeding can be limited for certain crop species, while new virus isolates continue to emerge. Different methods of mutagenesis have been applied to inactivate the eIF4E genes to generate virus resistance, but with limited success due to the physiological importance of translation factors and their redundancy. Here, we employed genome editing approaches at the base level to induce non‐synonymous mutations in the eIF4E1 gene and create genetic diversity in cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme). We sequentially edited the genomic sequences coding for two regions of eIF4E1 protein, located around the cap‐binding pocket and known to be important for susceptibility to potyviruses. We show that the editing of only one of the two regions, by gene knock‐in and base editing, respectively, is not sufficient to provide resistance. However, combining amino acid mutations in both regions resulted in resistance to multiple potyviruses without affecting the functionality in translation initiation. Meanwhile, we report that extensive base editing in exonic region can alter RNA splicing pattern, resulting in gene knockout. Altogether our work demonstrates that precision editing allows to design plant factors based on the knowledge on evolutionarily selected alleles and enlarge the gene pool to potentially provide advantageous phenotypes such as pathogen resistance.
Wheat yellow mosaic virus NIb targets TaVTC2 to elicit broad‐spectrum pathogen resistance in wheat
Authors: Zhang Tianye , Hu Haichao , Wang Ziqiong , Feng Tianyou , Yu Lu , Zhang Jie , Gao Wenqing , Zhou Yilin , Sun Meihao , Liu Peng , Zhong Kaili , Chen ZhiHui , Chen Jianping , Li Wei , Yang Jian 
Published: January 2023

SummaryGDP‐L‐galactose phosphorylase (VTC2) catalyses the conversion of GDP‐L‐galactose to L‐galactose‐1‐P, a vital step of ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis in plants. AsA is well known for its function in the amelioration of oxidative stress caused by most pathogen infection, but its function against viral infection remains unclear. Here, we have identified a VTC2 gene in wheat named as TaVTC2 and investigated its function in association with the wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) infection. Our results showed that overexpression of TaVTC2 significantly increased viral accumulation, whereas knocking down TaVTC2 inhibited the viral infection in wheat, suggesting a positive regulation on viral infection by TaVTC2. Moreover, less AsA was produced in TaVTC2 knocking down plants (TaVTC2‐RNAi) which due to the reduction in TaVTC2 expression and subsequently in TaVTC2 activity, resulting in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in leaves. Furthermore, the enhanced WYMV resistance in TaVTC2‐RNAi plants was diminished by exogenously applied AsA. We further demonstrated that WYMV NIb directly bound to TaVTC2 and inhibited TaVTC2 enzymatic activity in vitro. The effect of TaVTC2 on ROS scavenge was suppressed by NIb in a dosage‐dependent manner, indicating the ROS scavenging was highly regulated by the interaction of TaVTC2 with NIb. Furthermore, TaVTC2 RNAi plants conferred broad‐spectrum disease resistance. Therefore, the data indicate that TaVTC2 recruits WYMV NIb to down‐regulate its own enzymatic activity, reducing AsA accumulation to elicit a burst of ROS which confers the resistance to WYMV infection. Thus, a new mechanism of the formation of plant innate immunity was proposed.
The use of mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. A systematic review
Authors: Maza‐Morales Mariana , Valdés‐Loperena Sofía , Durán‐McKinster Lourdes Carola , García‐Romero María Teresa 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundKaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a locally aggressive and potentially lethal vascular tumor of infancy. Current consensus recommendations include the use of vincristine and/or systemic steroids as first‐line treatment. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors represent a promising therapy for patients with KHE. The goal of our study is to critically assess the existing literature on outcomes of patients with KHE treated with mTOR inhibitors.MethodsWe conducted a literature search from 1 January 2000, to 30 April 2022. Articles reporting outcomes of patients treated with mTOR inhibitors for KHE were included. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and summarize the outcomes of the treatment.ResultsWe included 327 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 9.1 months (SD ± 9). Patients were treated with an mTOR inhibitor for a mean of 15.2 months (SD ± 4.1). A total of 315 (96.3%) patients had positive outcomes including improvement of the tumor size, symptoms and/or laboratory parameters in 227 (85%) and complete remission in 38 (12%). Seven (2%) patients did not respond to treatment and seven (2%) died of sepsis (4), Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon complications (1), cardiac and liver failure due to ductus arteriosus (1), or metastatic disease (1).ConclusionThis systematic review supports the efficacy and safety of mTOR inhibitors for KHE. Their use resulted in positive outcomes in terms of decreased symptoms, reduction in tumor size and improvement in biochemical parameters with a mortality rate of 2%. According to these findings, we suggest revised consensus treatment guidelines for KHE with mTOR inhibitors potentially considered first‐line therapy.
Opportunities for system dynamics research in operations management for public policy
Authors: Anderson Edward G. , Keith David R. , Lopez Jose 
Published: January 2023

Operations management (OM) in the public policy context is extremely complex with many mutually interacting factors characterized by feedback loops, delays and nonlinearities, as well as multiple stakeholders pursuing divergent objectives. Prior researchers have called for a systems approach in these contexts, arguing that standard OM methodologies such as mathematical programming, and queuing theory often cannot fully address these problems. Researchers have employed one such systems approach, system dynamics, successfully for decades for studying OM problems in public policy because it can address such complexity and can also integrate disciplines from outside OM such as political science, epidemiology, ecology, etc. In this paper, we create a roadmap for researchers—both those who are familiar with systems dynamics and those who are not—for the expanded use of system dynamics studying public policy‐related OM problems. We review and organize relevant system dynamics literature in both traditional operations management venues as well as public policy venues unfamiliar to OM audiences. We then identify a set of interesting open questions and potential system dynamics building blocks for answering them by topic. Leveraging this review, we describe under what conditions system dynamics is most appropriate. We then identify several overarching methodological and domain gaps for future research. Finally, we build on previous work to extend a process for using system dynamics with traditional operations management methodologies. It separates model building into two sequential phases: consensus‐building models and detailed operational models. It also incorporates scenario planning and feedback from implementation outcomes.
Ethical and cultural competence of social‐ and health care educators from educational institutions – Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Erkkilä Päivi , Koskenranta Miro , Kuivila Heli , Oikarainen Ashlee , Kamau Suleiman , Kaarlela Veera , Immonen Kati , Koskimäki Minna , Mikkonen Kristina 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe international mobility has increased cultural diversity in social‐ and health care. As such, ethical and cultural competence is an essential skill among educators. They are promoting the ethical and cultural competence and professional growth of students with diverse backgrounds and, therefore, must be ethically and culturally competent.AimThe aim of the study was to identify distinct ethical and cultural competence profiles of social‐ and health care educators and explore the associated factors.Research DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was used to collect quantitative observational data in 2020–2021. Competence profiles were identified by K‐means clustering based on answers to an instrument focussing on educators' ethical and cultural competence.Participants and Research ContextParticipants (N = 1179, n = 243) were social‐ and health care educators based at 10 universities of applied sciences and 10 vocational colleges in Finland.Ethical ConsiderationsThe research adhered to good scientific practice. A research permit was received from each educational institution that participated in the study. The privacy of the participants was protected throughout the study.ResultsThe analysis identified three profiles of educators (A, B, C) based on self‐assessed ethical and cultural competence. Profile A educators demonstrated high scores across all three competence areas. Profile B educators had high scores for ethical knowledge and intermediate scores for other competence areas. Profile C educators demonstrated intermediate scores across all three competence areas. An educator's pedagogical education was found to significantly influence which profile they belonged to.ConclusionsThe educators generally evaluated their ethical and cultural competence highly. Educators understand the importance of professional ethics in their work, but they need additional support in developing ethics skills in their daily work. Among all educators, there is a need for developing international and culturally diverse collaboration.
3D printed hemodialysis access and subcutaneous volume model as a guide for cannulation: A proof of concept training tool
Authors: Li Yi , Qi Kevin , Li Jiahua , Siedlecki Andrew 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 54‐year‐old underwent brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistula placement. Following maturation of the access, consistent cannulation for routine hemodialysis was challenging for clinical specialists. A three‐dimensional intraluminal access model was generated, but clinical specialists adept at cannulation had difficulty orienting the model to the patient's anatomy without repeat supervision. When provided the model prima facie, 50% (4/8) clinical specialists were not able to spatially orient the model appropriately in the x‐axis with respect to the coronal plane (2/8) or in the z‐axis with respect to the transverse plane (2/8). Spatial renderings of the subcutaneous volume available for cannulation were then printed and physically applied to the vascular access model resulting in appropriate spatial orientation among all clinical specialists (n = 12) that were presented the models for the first time. Mean Kt/V increased during the 3‐month period directly following model introduction. This case demonstrates the potential utility of 3D‐modeling to readily visualize the subcutaneous volume of a hemodialysis vascular access and reduce cannulation error.
Adapting and Validating the G‐NORM (Gender Norms Scale) in Nepal: An Examination of How Gender Norms Are Associated with Agency and Reproductive Health Outcomes
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Dahal Minakshi , Bingenheimer Jeffrey Bart , Puri Mahesh C. , Rimal Rajiv N. , Granovsky Rachel , Diamond‐Smith Nadia G. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractResearch calls for the sexual and reproductive rights field to prioritize gender norms to ensure that women can act on their reproductive rights. However, there is a gap in accepted measures. We addressed this by including important theoretical components of gender norms: differentiating between descriptive and injunctive norms and adding a referent group. Our team originally developed and validated the G‐NORM, a gender norms scale, in India. In this paper, we describe how we subsequently adapted and validated it in Nepal. We administered items to women of reproductive age, conducted exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and examined associations between the subscales and reproductive health outcomes. Like the original G‐NORM, our factor analyses showed that descriptive norms and injunctive norms comprise two distinct scales which fit the data well and had Cronbach alphas of 0.92 and 0.89. More equitable descriptive gender norms were associated with higher decision‐making scores, increased odds of intending to use family planning, disagreeing that it is wrong to use family planning, and older ideal age at marriage. Injunctive gender norms were only associated with disagreeing that it is wrong to use family planning. Findings offer an improved measure of gender norms in Nepal and provide evidence that gender norms are critical for agency and reproductive health outcomes.