bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2-charge circular fuzz-balls and their perturbations
Authors: Bianchi Massimo , Di Russo Giorgio 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We perform a detailed study of perturbations around 2-charge circular fuzz-balls and compare the results with the ones obtained in the case of ‘small’ BHs. In addition to the photon-sphere modes that govern the prompt ring-down, we also find a branch of long-lived QNMs localised inside the photon-sphere at the (meta)stable minimum of the radial effective potential. The latter are expected to dominate late time signals in the form of ‘echoes’. Moreover, contrary to ‘small’ BHs, some ‘static’ tidal Love numbers are non-zero and independent of the mass, charges and angular momentum of the fuzz-ball. We rely on the recently established connection between BH or fuzz-ball perturbation theory and quantum Seiberg-Witten curves for $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SYM theories, which in turn are related to Liouville CFT via the AGT correspondence. We test our results against numerical results obtained with Leaver’s method of continuous fractions or Breit-Wigner resonance method for direct integration and with the WKB approximation based on geodesic motion. In the probe approximation, we also exclude rotational super-radiance, due to the absence of an ergo-region, and absorption, due to the absence of a horizon.
Quantized strings and instantons in holography
Authors: Gautason Friðrik Freyr , Puletti Valentina Giangreco M. , van Muiden Jesse 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We study worldsheet instantons in holographic type IIA backgrounds directly in string theory. The first background is a dimensional reduction of AdS7 × S4 and is dual to the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on S5. The second background is AdS4 × CP3 dual to ABJM in the type IIA limit. We compute the one-loop partition function of the fundamental string in these backgrounds and show that the result is in exact agreement with field theory predictions. We argue that for higher rank instantons, the string partition function takes a product form of the single instanton partition function times the contribution of two orbifolds on the worldsheet. We determine the orbifold factor to be n−3/2 where n is the instanton rank. With this result, we reproduce the series of non-perturbative corrections in α′ to the planar S5 free energy. When studying the worldsheet instanton partition function on CP3, we encounter twelve fermionic and twelve bosonic zero modes. By deforming the ABJM theory, the zero-modes are lifted and consequently the tower of worldsheet instantons can be evaluated and matched to known results in the QFT. As a by-product, we determine a series of higher rank instanton corrections to the free energy of the mass-deformed and orbifolded ABJ(M) theory.
Bicrossproduct vs. twist quantum symmetries in noncommutative geometries: the case of ϱ-Minkowski
Authors: Fabiano Giuseppe , Gubitosi Giulia , Lizzi Fedele , Scala Luca , Vitale Patrizia 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We discuss the quantum Poincaré symmetries of the ϱ-Minkowski spacetime, a space characterised by an angular form of noncommutativity. We show that it is possible to give them both a bicrossproduct and a Drinfel’d twist structure. We also obtain a new noncommutative ⋆-product, which is cyclic with respect to the standard integral measure.
The relationship and predictive value of dementia and frailty for mortality in patients with surgically managed hip fractures
Authors: Ioannidis Ioannis , Forssten Maximilian Peter , Mohammad Ismail Ahmad , Cao Yang , Tennakoon Lakshika , Spain David A. , Mohseni Shahin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Both dementia and frailty have been associated with worse outcomes in patients with hip fractures. However, the interrelation and predictive value of these two entities has yet to be clarified. The current study aimed to investigate the predictive relationship between dementia, frailty, and in-hospital mortality after hip fracture surgery.

Methods
All patients registered in the 2019 National Inpatient Sample Database who were 50 years or older and underwent emergency hip fracture surgery following a traumatic fall were eligible for inclusion. Logistic regression (LR) models were constructed with in-hospital mortality as the response variables. One model was constructed including markers of frailty and one model was constructed excluding markers of frailty [Orthopedic Frailty Score (OFS) and weight loss]. The feature importance of all variables was determined using the permutation importance method. New LR models were then fitted using the top ten most important variables. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the predictive ability of these models.

Results
An estimated total of 216,395 patients were included. Dementia was the 7th most important variable for predicting in-hospital mortality. When the OFS and weight loss were included, they replaced dementia in importance. There was no significant difference in the predictive ability of the models when comparing the model that included markers of frailty [AUC for in-hospital mortality (95% CI) 0.79 (0.77–0.81)] with the model that excluded markers of frailty [AUC for in-hospital mortality (95% CI) 0.79 (0.77–0.80)].

Conclusion
Dementia functions as a surrogate for frailty when predicting in-hospital mortality in hip fracture patients. This finding highlights the importance of early frailty screening for improvement of care pathways and discussions with patients and their families in regard to expected outcomes.
Characterisation and analysis of the surface texture of injection-moulded automotive interior ABS and PP components
Authors: Reddy Vijeth V. , Krishna Amogh Vedantha , Sjögren Anders , Rosén Bengt-Göran 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInterior automotive plastic components are often manufactured by injection moulding since this technique enables cost-efficient manufacturing, large design freedom, and easy integration of functions. However, to obtain a high-quality impression, it is important to produce components with uniformity in texture, colour, and gloss. Unfortunately, this is rather difficult since a large number of material and processing parameters affect the surface topography and thereby the texture, colour, and gloss. It is therefore important to improve the understanding of how different material and processing parameters affect the surface topography, and in the present study, the influence on surface topography of ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and PP (Polypropylene) by melt temperature, tool temperature, and injection speed is investigated by coherence scanning interferometry. Area scale analysis is used to identify the wavelengths of interest, and areal surface parameters are statistically screened to identify robust surface parameters that can be used to discriminate between the surfaces and quantify the influence on surface topography by different material and process variables. Results from the study suggest that tool temperature and injection speed have significant influence on certain surface parameters and, particularly, arithmetic mean height (Sa) and root mean square gradient (Sdq) by approximately 40%, core material volume (Vmc) by 35%, and core roughness depth (Sk) by 50%. These surface parameters are identified as significant and used to discriminate between the sample surfaces.
Impact of vessel morphology on CT-derived fractional-flow-reserve in non-obstructive coronary artery disease in right coronary artery
Authors: Tsugu Toshimitsu , Tanaka Kaoru , Belsack Dries , Nagatomo Yuji , Tsugu Mayuko , Argacha Jean-François , Cosyns Bernard , Buls Nico , De Maeseneer Michel , De Mey Johan 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Objectives
Computed tomography (CT)–derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) decreases continuously from proximal to distal segments of the vessel due to the influence of various factors even in non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD). It is known that FFRCT is dependent on vessel-length, but the relationship with other vessel morphologies remains to be explained.

Purpose
To investigate morphological aspects of the vessels that influence FFRCT in NOCAD in the right coronary artery (RCA).

Methods
A total of 443 patients who underwent both FFRCT and invasive coronary angiography, with < 50% RCA stenosis, were evaluated. Enrolled RCA vessels were classified into two groups according to distal FFRCT: FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (n = 60) and FFRCT > 0.80 (n = 383). Vessel morphology (vessel length, lumen diameter, lumen volume, and plaque volume) and left-ventricular mass were assessed. The ratio of lumen volume and vessel length was defined as V/L ratio.

Results
Whereas vessel-length was almost the same between FFRCT ≤ 0.80 and > 0.80, lumen volume and V/L ratio were significantly lower in FFRCT ≤ 0.80. Distal FFRCT correlated with plaque-related parameters (low-attenuation plaque, intermediate-attenuation plaque, and calcified plaque) and vessel-related parameters (proximal and distal vessel diameter, vessel length, lumen volume, and V/L ratio). Among all vessel-related parameters, V/L ratio showed the highest correlation with distal FFRCT (r = 0.61, p < 0.0001). Multivariable analysis showed that calcified plaque volume was the strongest predictor of distal FFRCT, followed by V/L ratio (β-coefficient = 0.48, p = 0.03). V/L ratio was the strongest predictor of a distal FFRCT ≤ 0.80 (cut-off 8.1 mm3/mm, AUC 0.88, sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 76.7%, 95% CI 0.84–0.93, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our study suggests that V/L ratio can be a measure to predict subclinical coronary perfusion disturbance.

Clinical relevance statement
A novel marker of the ratio of lumen volume to vessel length (V/L ratio) is the strongest predictor of a distal CT-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) and may have the potential to improve the diagnostic accuracy of FFRCT.

Key Points
• Physiological FFRCT decline depends not only on vessel length but also on the lumen volume in non-obstructive coronary artery disease in the right coronary artery.
• FFRCT correlates with plaque-related parameters (low-attenuation plaque, intermediate-attenuation plaque, and calcified plaque) and vessel-related parameters (proximal and distal vessel diameter, vessel length, lumen volume, and V/L ratio).
• Of vessel-related parameters, V/L ratio is the strongest predictor of a distal FFRCT and an optimal cut-off value of 8.1 mm3/mm.
Resolving transient temperature and density during ultrafast laser ablation of aluminum
Authors: Winter Jan , Redka David , Minár Ján , Schmidt Michael , Huber Heinz P. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo understand the dynamics of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation, the interpretation of ultrafast time-resolved optical experiments is of utmost importance. To this end, spatiotemporally resolved pump-probe ellipsometry may be utilized to examine the transiently changing dielectric function of a material, particularly when compared to two-temperature model simulations. In this work, we introduce a consistent description of electronic transport as well dielectric function for bulk aluminum, which enables unambiguous quantitative predictions of transient temperature and density variations close to the surface after laser excitation. Potential contributions of these temperature and density fluctuations to the proposed optical model are investigated. We infer that after the thermal equilibrium of electrons and lattice within a few picoseconds, the real part of the dielectric function mostly follows a density decrease, accompanied by an early mechanical motion due to stress confinement. In contrast, the imaginary part is susceptible to a complicated interaction between time-varying collision frequency, plasma frequency, and a density dependency of the interband transitions. The models proposed in this study permit an outstanding quantitative prediction of the ultrashort-pulse laser ablation’s final state and transient observables. Consequently, it is anticipated that in the future, these models will provide a quantitative understanding of the dynamics and behavior of laser ablation.
Graphical abstract
Management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Spain: learnings from a nationwide survey of otorhinolaryngologists
Authors: Alobid Isam , Liesa Rafael Fernández , Aubá Jose Miguel Villacampa , Moure Abraham L. , Sánchez-Herrero M. Guadalupe , del Cuvillo Bernal Alfonso 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the self-reported practices on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) by ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialists in Spain to identify potential areas for management optimization.

Methods
A cross-sectional online survey with 16 questions was carried out. Recruitment was performed by emailing registered ENT specialists in the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC).

Results
In total, 127 ENT specialists completed the survey. Fifty-one percent of respondents combined clinical criteria and objective evidence of mucosal inflammation to diagnose CRSwNP. Patient interview and, to a lower degree, a visual analogue scale were the most employed diagnostic tools to quantify symptom severity. Less than half (45%) routinely used the 22-item sino-nasal outcomes test (SNOT-22) to assess the impact of CRSwNP disease in quality of life. The use of patient-reported outcomes and other clinical evaluation tools showed a larger uptake among ENT specialists that worked at an ENT department with an available rhinology unit. Almost all the specialists surveyed (95%) recommended biological treatment, particularly in patients with uncontrolled CRSwNP with respiratory comorbidities (76%), as well as in candidates for revision surgery (66%).

Conclusion
Spanish otorhinolaryngologists showed a trend toward incorporating CRSwNP guideline recommendations in their clinical practice. The observed low uptake of patient-reported outcomes and objective clinical evaluation tools in routine clinical practise have been identified as areas for optimizing the management of patients with CRSwNP.
Prediction of IOL decentration, tilt and axial position using anterior segment OCT data
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra , Cayless Alan , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Intraocular lenses (IOLs) require proper positioning in the eye to provide good imaging performance. This is especially important for premium IOLs. The purpose of this study was to develop prediction models for estimating IOL decentration, tilt and the axial IOL equator position (IOLEQ) based on preoperative biometric and tomographic measures.

Methods
Based on a dataset (N = 250) containing preoperative IOLMaster 700 and pre-/postoperative Casia2 measurements from a cataractous population, we implemented shallow feedforward neural networks and multilinear regression models to predict the IOL decentration, tilt and IOLEQ from the preoperative biometric and tomography measures. After identifying the relevant predictors using a stepwise linear regression approach and training of the models (150 training and 50 validation data points), the performance was evaluated using an N = 50 subset of test data.

Results
In general, all models performed well. Prediction of IOL decentration shows the lowest performance, whereas prediction of IOL tilt and especially IOLEQ showed superior performance. According to the 95% confidence intervals, decentration/tilt/IOLEQ could be predicted within 0.3 mm/1.5°/0.3 mm. The neural network performed slightly better compared to the regression, but without significance for decentration and tilt.

Conclusion
Neural network or linear regression-based prediction models for IOL decentration, tilt and axial lens position could be used for modern IOL power calculation schemes dealing with ‘real’ IOL positions and for indications for premium lenses, for which misplacement is known to induce photic effects and image distortion.
Minimally invasive autopsies for the investigation of pulmonary pathology of COVID-19—experiences of a longitudinal series of 92 patients
Authors: Noack Petar , Grosse Claudia , Bodingbauer Jacob , Almeder Marion , Lohfink-Schumm Sylvia , Salzer Helmut J.F. , Meier Jens , Lamprecht Bernd , Schmitt Clemens A. , Langer Rupert 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMinimally invasive autopsies (MIAs) allow the collection of tissue samples for diagnostic and research purposes in special situations, e.g., when there is a high risk of infection which is the case in the context of COVID-19 or restrictions due to legal or personal reasons. We performed MIA to analyze lung tissue from 92 COVID-19 patients (mean age 78 years; range 48–98; 35 women, 57 men), representing 44% of all patients who died from the disease between October 2020 and April 2021. An intercostal approach was used with removal of a 5-cm rib section followed by manual collection of four lung tissue samples (5–8 cm in size). Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was found in 89 (97%) patients at various stages. Exudative DAD (eDAD) predominated in 18 (20%) patients, proliferative DAD (pDAD) in 43 (47%) patients, and mixed DAD (mDAD) in 31 (34%) patients. There were no significant differences in the predominant DAD pattern between tissue samples from the same patient. Additional purulent components were present in 46 (50%) cases. Fungi were detected in 11 (12%) patients. The pDAD pattern was associated with longer hospital stay including intensive care unit (p=0.026 and p<0.001) and younger age (p=0.019). Positive bronchoalveolar lavage and blood cultures were observed more frequently in pDAD patterns (p<0.001; p=0.018). In contrast, there was no significant association between intravital positive microbiological results and superimposed bronchopneumonia or fungal infection at autopsy. Having demonstrated the characteristic lung changes in a large longitudinal autopsy series, we conclude that the presented MIA approach can be considered a reliable and safe method for performing post mortem lung diagnostics in COVID-19 and other high-risk situations. The lack of correlation between histological changes indicative of bacterial or fungal superinfection and microbiology could have clinical implications for disease and treatment surveillance.
MOBILIZE—Maintaining the operational safety and security of large railway systems in emergency situations
Authors: Schreiber David , Bauer Daniel , Hubner Michael , Litzenberger Martin , Opitz Andreas , Veigl Stephan , Biron Bettina 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this paper we describe the concept and ongoing work of the research project MOBILIZE, which addresses the operational safety and security of large railway systems to prevent sabotage and vandalism. Examples of such acts are manipulation of system components, intentional placement of objects on the tracks, theft of copper cables or damage to property such as graffiti on parked trains. The prevention of personal injuries resulting from crossing tracks or climbing on parked wagons and thereby getting too close to or even touching the overhead lines is also an important aspect. A permanent installation of video surveillance systems for the entire railway infrastructure is not feasible and, what is more, state-of-the-art video surveillance alone is currently not up to the challenges of monitoring very large areas completely. Therefore, MOBILIZE focuses on the development of a reliable portable system with multi-sensor modalities. In case of increased incidents in a specific region, the system can be deployed quickly and easily. The development of such a system raises questions that represent the main scientific challenges to be explored within MOBILIZE: which combination of sensor technologies is the most suitable to reduce false alarm rates to a minimum in practical operation, legal issues such as the changing regulations regarding the usage of drones, usability for the operator, integration into the operational procedures of the railway operators as well as future economic exploitation of the MOBILIZE project. The current paper focuses on the work done on ground-based visual sensors as well as their fusion with other sensors employed within MOBILIZE, and an assessment of their social impact.
Practical use of apomorphine infusion in Parkinson’s disease: lessons from the TOLEDO study and clinical experience
Authors: Henriksen Tove , Katzenschlager Regina , Bhidayasiri Roongroj , Staines Harry , Lockhart Donna , Lees Andrew 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSubcutaneous apomorphine infusion is a device-aided therapy for Parkinson’s disease that can be considered when motor fluctuations become persistent and are no longer adequately controlled by oral/transdermal medication. Apomorphine infusion is less invasive than enteral levodopa, deep brain stimulation or focused ultrasound, and is often indicated even when neurosurgical approaches are contraindicated. This article aims to provide practical guidance for doctors and nurses initiating and treating patients with apomorphine infusion, and is based on both trial data and clinical experience from movement disorders specialists. A post hoc analysis of data from the TOLEDO randomized clinical trial of apomorphine infusion was conducted along with an analysis of ‘real world’ experience from 13 movement disorders specialists using a questionnaire that focused on starting patients on apomorphine infusion. Practical guidelines for starting treatment with apomorphine infusion are provided taking into consideration the regional disparities in healthcare. Apomorphine infusion is straightforward to administer but to be successful it requires concordance from the patient and family, and clinical support from an experienced team of doctors and nurses, particularly in the early months of treatment.
A generalised $${\varvec{W}}\left({{\varvec{I}}}_{1},{{\varvec{I}}}_{2}\right)$$ strain energy function of binomial form with unified applicability across various isotropic incompressible soft solids
Authors: Anssari-Benam Afshin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractA generalised $$W\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)$$

W

I
1

,

I
2

strain energy function, a generalisation of previously devised response functions $${W}_{1}$$

W
1

and $${W}_{2}$$

W
2

, of binomial form is presented in this work for application to the finite deformation of isotropic incompressible soft solids. It is shown that the proposed model is the parent to many of the well-known existing invariants-based models in the literature. The first-order expansion of the model, with six model parameters, is then applied to extant multiaxial deformation of a wide range of materials, from filled and unfilled rubbers to hydrogels, liquid crystal elastomers and biomaterials. The model captures the experimental data accurately, with typical relative errors below 4%, while favourably modelling various challenging mechanical behaviours such as the asymmetry of compression—tension, high nonlinearity of the simple shear response, deformation softening effects, pronounced Payne effect, the soft elasticity phenomenon, and the reverse Poynting effect. The predictive capabilities of the model are also demonstrated and verified against experimental data. Given the analyses and results presented here, the devised model is proposed to serve as a standard choice for a priori selection for application to the finite deformation of isotropic incompressible soft materials.