bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risks of alcohol and drug use disorders in prostate cancer survivors: a national cohort study
Authors: Crump Casey , Stattin Pär , Brooks James D , Sundquist Jan , Edwards Alexis C , Sieh Weiva , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer (PC) survivors may potentially use substances to cope with psychological distress or poorly controlled physical symptoms. Little is known, however, about the long-term risks of alcohol use disorder (AUD) or drug use disorders in men with PC.

Methods
A national cohort study was conducted in Sweden of 180 189 men diagnosed with PC between 1998 and 2017 and 1 801 890 age-matched population-based control men. AUD and drug use disorders were ascertained from nationwide records through 2018. Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) while adjusting for sociodemographic factors and prior psychiatric disorders. Subanalyses examined differences by PC treatment from 2005 to 2017.

Results
Men with high-risk PC had increased risks of both AUD (adjusted HR = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33 to 1.57) and drug use disorders (adjusted HR = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.67 to 2.24). Their AUD risk was highest in the first year and was no longer significantly elevated 5 years after PC diagnosis, whereas their drug use disorders risk remained elevated 10 years after PC diagnosis (adjusted HR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.45 to 3.52), particularly opioid use disorder (adjusted HR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.61 to 5.84). Those treated only with androgen-deprivation therapy had the highest risks of AUD (adjusted HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.62 to 2.25) and drug use disorders (adjusted HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.70 to 2.92). Low- or intermediate-risk PC was associated with modestly increased risks of AUD (adjusted HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.30 to 1.46) and drug use disorders (adjusted HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.34).

Conclusions
In this large cohort, men with PC had significantly increased risks of both AUD and drug use disorders, especially those with high-risk PC and treated only with androgen-deprivation therapy. PC survivors need long-term psychosocial support and timely detection and treatment of AUD and drug use disorders.
Multivariate Small-Area Estimation for Mixed-type Response Variables with Item Nonresponse
Authors: Sun Hao , Berg Emily , Zhu Zhengyuan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMany surveys collect information on discrete characteristics and continuous variables, that is, mixed-type variables. Small-area statistics of interest include means or proportions of the response variables as well as their domain means, which are the mean values at each level of a different categorical variable. However, item nonresponse in survey data increases the complexity of small-area estimation. To address this issue, we propose a multivariate mixed-effects model for mixed-type response variables subject to item nonresponse. We apply this method to two data structures where the data are missing completely at random by design. We use empirical data from two separate studies: a survey of pet owners and a dataset from the National Resources Inventory. In these applications, our proposed method leads to improvements relative to a direct estimator and a predictor based on a univariate model.
(026) Perceptions of Sexual Consent for Diverse Sexual Orientation and Gender Identities
Authors: Blauenstein L 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Introduction
The literature has not examined the perceived differences of sexual consent across people of diverse social groups in great depth.

Objectives
This study explored how sexual consent communication is perceived for people across various gender identities and sexual orientations.

Methods
College students were recruited to participate in a survey by which they were asked to respond to a cisgender, heterosexual version or a sexual minority version of vignettes based on ambiguous sexual consent themes. Participants were asked to identify the degree to which they believed the sexual encounters in the vignettes were consensual, the degree by which the aggressors consented to the sexual encounters, and the degree by which the victims consented to the sexual encounters.

Results
The study findings indicate that five of the sixteen vignette themes showed statistically significant differences in participant perception. Participants perceived the retraction of sexual consent theme differently between the cisgender, heterosexual and sexual minority vignette version, in that the sexual minority characters (gay) were perceived to have consented at a higher degree than the cisgender, heterosexual characters. In looking at the characters in the aggressor role in the vignettes, the cisgender, heterosexual characters were perceived to have consented to the sexual scenarios at a higher degree than characters of sexual minority groups in the emotional dysregulation (male to female transgender), retraction of sexual consent (gay), bribe or blackmail (lesbian), and rape fantasy (queer) themes. In looking at the characters in the victim role in the vignettes, the character of a sexual minority group (questioning sexual orientation) in the fully consensual theme was perceived to have consented at a higher degree than the cisgender, heterosexual character.

Conclusions
College students’ expectations of sexual consent communication may differ depending on the sexual orientation and gender identities of the individuals involved. Self-identification with a particular social group may indicate a higher expectancy for that group to communicate sexual consent with less ambiguity.

Disclosure
No.
Making Meaning of Difficult Experiences
Authors: Rauch Sheila A.M. , Rothbaum Barbara Olasov 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Making Meaning of Difficult Experiences is a self-help tool for all of us to help deal with the difficulties that are part of the human experience. Difficult experiences and trauma have always been a part of life. Most people will experience at least one if not multiple traumatic events in their lives. This self-guided program provides a map to help you move through difficult and potentially traumatic experiences for people who wish to work through them independently (outside of a formal therapeutic setting) and emerge on the other side. Difficult experiences may have resulted from the COVID pandemic, sexual or physical assault, loss of a job, life-threatening illness, divorce, motor vehicle crash, loss of a loved one, combat, and any other event that sticks in your brain and prevents you from moving on. Using their combined experience of more than 50 years in working with people suffering with difficult experiences, Drs. Rauch and Rothbaum created this book to move the most effective tools they use with patients out of the mental health office and into the world. The program includes exercises to help you work through difficult memories and also provides specific positive coping tools that you can try to see what positive coping strategies work best for you and fit your life. As the post-pandemic world emerges and people prepare to get back out and into our lives again, Making Meaning has resources for all of us.
Association of Genotype, High-G Tolerance, and Body Composition in Jet Aircraft Aviators
Authors: Shin Seunghwan 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Pilots of high-performance F15 and F16 jets must undergo periodic assessment of +8.5 Gz tolerance in a centrifuge, which is classified as a high-intensity exercise. Prior research has indicated that exercise performance may be correlated with alpha-actinin3 (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes, frequently termed the sports genes. This study aimed to investigate how ACTN3 and ACE genotypes correlate with high-g tolerance of Korean F15 and F16 pilots.

Materials and Methods
A total of 81 Korean F15 and F16 pilots (ages 25–39 years) volunteered to participate in human centrifuge testing at +8.5 Gz. Exercise tolerance was calculated as the mean breathing interval during high-g tests, the target gene genotypes (ACTN3 and ACE) were identified, and body composition measurements were measured. The relationship among the ACTN3 and ACE genotypes, high-g tolerance, and body compositions were evaluated.

Results
The ACTN3 genotypes identified included 23 RR (28.4%), 41 RX (50.6%), and 17 XX (21.0%). The ACE genotypes identified included 13 DD (16.0%), 39 DI (48.2%), and 29 II (35.8%). Both genes satisfied an equilibrium check. In multivariate analysis by Roy’s max, the interaction of the target genes (ACTN3 and ACE) was significant (P &lt; .05). The ACTN3 gene showed significance (P &lt; .05), while ACE tended toward significance with a correlation of P = .057 with high-g tolerance(s). Body composition parameters including height, body weight, muscle mass, body mass index, body fat (%), and basal metabolic rate showed no significant correlation with either genotype.

Conclusion
In a preliminary study, the RR ACTN3 genotype showed a significant correlation with +8.5 Gz tolerance. Pilots with the DI genotype showed the highest high-g tolerance in this test; however, the test pass rate was higher in pilots with the DD genotype in the preliminary study. This result shows the possibility of test passing and tolerance superiority consisting of two different factors in the relationship between high-g tolerance and ACE genotype. This study showed that pilots with the RR + DI genotype had the highest high-g tolerance, which correlated with the presence of the R and D alleles of the ACTN3 and ACE genes, respectively. However, body composition parameters were not significantly correlated with genotype. These results could suggest a plural gene effect on high-g tolerance; further follow-up is required to determine the practical usage and applications of these results.
Performance of the beta-glucan test for the diagnosis of invasive fusariosis and scedosporiosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lamoth Frederic , Nucci Marcio , Fernandez-Cruz Ana , Azoulay Elie , Lanternier Fanny , Bremerich Jens , Einsele Hermann , Johnson Elizabeth , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Mercier Toine , Porto Luciana , Verweij Paul E , White Lewis , Maertens Johan , Alanio Alexandre ,   the 9th European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL-9), Aerts Robina , Akova Murat , Alanio Alexandre , Averbuch Diana , Blennow Ola , Bretagne Stéphane , Busca Alessandro , Calandra Thierry , Cesaro Simone , Cordonnier Catherine , De La Camara Rafael , Garcia-Vidal Caroline , Gil Lidia , Groll Andreas , Herbrecht Raoul , Hirsch Hans , Hubacek Peter , Indolfi Giuseppe , Kassa Csaba , Lagrou Katrien , Lamoth Frederic , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Ljungman Per , Maertens Johan , Mallet Vincent , Martino Rodrigo , Mehra Varun , Mercier Toine , Mikulska Malgorzata , Nucci Marcio , Pagano Livio , Perruccio Katia , PiÑana Jose Luis , Porto Luciana , Robin Christine , Roilides Emmanuel , Slavin Monica , Styczynski Jan , Tverdek Frank , Verweij Paul , Vissing Nadja Hawwa , White Lewis , Xhaard Alienor , Spychala Olga Zajac 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) is a component of the fungal cell wall that can be detected in serum and used as an adjunctive tool for the diagnosis of invasive mold infections (IMI) in patients with hematologic cancer or other immunosuppressive conditions. However, its use is limited by modest sensitivity/specificity, inability to differentiate between fungal pathogens, and lack of detection of mucormycosis. Data about BDG performance for other relevant IMI, such as invasive fusariosis (IF) and invasive scedosporiosis/lomentosporiosis (IS) are scarce.The objective of this study was to assess the sensitivity of BDG for the diagnosis of IF and IS through systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Immunosuppressed patients diagnosed with proven or probable IF and IS, with interpretable BDG data were eligible. A total of 73 IF and 27 IS cases were included. The sensitivity of BDG for IF and IS diagnosis was 76.7% and 81.5%, respectively. In comparison, the sensitivity of serum galactomannan for IF was 27%. Importantly, BDG positivity preceded the diagnosis by conventional methods (culture or histopathology) in 73% and 94% of IF and IS cases, respectively. Specificity was not assessed because of lacking data. In conclusion, BDG testing may be useful in patients with suspected IF or IS. Combining BDG and galactomannan testing may also help differentiating between the different types of IMI.
Machine learning classification of repeating FRBs from FRB 121102
Authors: Raquel Bjorn Jasper R , Hashimoto Tetsuya , Goto Tomotsugu , Chen Bo Han , Uno Yuri , Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Kim Seong Jin , Ho Simon C-C 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are mysterious bursts in the millisecond time-scale at radio wavelengths. Currently, there is little understanding about the classification of repeating FRBs, based on difference in physics, which is of great importance in understanding their origin. Recent works from the literature focus on using specific parameters to classify FRBs to draw inferences on the possible physical mechanisms or properties of these FRB subtypes. In this study, we use publicly available 1652 repeating FRBs from FRB 121102 detected with the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), and studied them with an unsupervised machine learning model. By fine-tuning the hyperparameters of the model, we found that there is an indication for four clusters from the bursts of FRB 121102 instead of the two clusters (‘Classical’ and ‘Atypical’) suggested in the literature. Wherein, the ‘Atypical’ cluster can be further classified into three sub-clusters with distinct characteristics. Our findings show that the clustering result we obtained is more comprehensive not only because our study produced results which are consistent with those in the literature but also because our work uses more physical parameters to create these clusters. Overall, our methods and analyses produced a more holistic approach in clustering the repeating FRBs of FRB 121102.
Study of recently discovered Be/X-ray pulsar MAXI J0655-013 using NuSTAR
Authors: Rai Binay , Tobrej Mohammed , Ghising Manoj , Tamang Ruchi , Paul Bikash Chandra 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We study the recently discovered Be/X-ray pulsar MAXI J0655-013 using the 2022 NuSTAR observations. This paper is the first detailed study of the timing and spectral properties of the source. The pulse profiles of the pulsar vary with energy. The pulsed fraction is found to increase monotonically with energy. In between the two NuSTAR observations, a large spin-up rate of ∼−1.23 s d−1 is observed, which can be due to large spin-up torque acting on the pulsar during an outburst. Such a large spin-up rate is observed for the first time in an X-ray pulsar during an outburst. The variation of the spin period with time can be employed to obtain the orbital parameters of the binary system, and we found the orbital period to be ∼27.9 d. The second NuSTAR observation is done in a low-luminosity state (LX ∼ 3.9 × 1034 $\text{erg}\, \text{s}^{-1}\,$). We have detected the pulsation of the pulsar in such a low-luminosity state. In such a low-luminosity state, the pulsar MAXI J0655-013 might be accreting from the cold disc.
The SkyMapper search for extremely metal-poor stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Oh W S , Nordlander T , Da Costa G S , Bessell M S , Mackey A D 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
We present results of a search for extremely metal-poor stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which can provide crucial information about the properties of the first stars as well as on the formation conditions prevalent during the earliest stages of star formation in dwarf galaxies. Our search utilized SkyMapper photometry, together with parallax and proper motion cuts (from Gaia), colour–magnitude cuts (by selecting the red giant branch region), and finally a metallicity-sensitive cut. Low-resolution spectra of a sample of photometric candidates were taken using the ANU 2.3m telescope/WiFeS spectrograph, from which seven stars with $\rm [Fe/H] \le -2.75$ were identified, two of which have $\rm [Fe/H] \le -3$. Radial velocities, derived from the Ca ii triplet lines, closely match the outer rotation curve of the LMC for the majority of the candidates in our sample. Therefore, our targets are robustly members of the LMC based on their 6D phase-space information (coordinates, spectrophotometric distance, proper motions, and radial velocities), and they constitute the most metal-poor stars so far discovered in this galaxy.
Contrasting Responses of Two Grapevine Cultivars to Drought: The Role of Non-structural Carbohydrates in Xylem Hydraulic Recovery
Authors: Vuerich Marco , Petrussa Elisa , Boscutti Francesco , Braidot Enrico , Filippi Antonio , Petruzzellis Francesco , Tomasella Martina , Tromba Giuliana , Pizzuto Mauro , Nardini Andrea , Secchi Francesca , Casolo Valentino 
Published: June 2023

AbstractXylem embolism is one of the possible outcomes of decreasing xylem pressure when plants face drought. Recent studies have proposed a role for non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in osmotic pressure generation, required for refilling embolized conduits. Potted cuttings of grapevine Grenache and Barbera, selected for their adaptation to different climatic conditions, were subjected to a drought stress followed by re-irrigation. Stem embolism rate and its recovery were monitored in vivo by X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The same plants were further analyzed for xylem conduit dimension and NSC content. Both cultivars significantly decreased Ψpd in response to drought and recovered from xylem embolism after re-irrigation. However, although the mean vessel diameter was similar between the cultivars, Barbera was more prone to embolism. Surprisingly, vessel diameter was apparently reduced during recovery in this cultivar. Hydraulic recovery was linked to sugar content in both cultivars, showing a positive relationship between soluble NSCs and the degree of xylem embolism. However, when starch and sucrose concentrations were considered separately, the relationships showed cultivar-specific and contrasting trends. We showed that the two cultivars adopted different NSC-use strategies in response to drought, suggesting two possible scenarios driving conduit refilling. In Grenache, sucrose accumulation seems to be directly linked to embolism formation and possibly sustains refilling. In Barbera, maltose/maltodextrins could be involved in a conduit recovery strategy via the formation of cell-wall hydrogels, likely responsible for the reduction of conduit lumen detected by micro-CT.
Solar Occultation Experiments (SOE) in the Venusian Atmosphere: effect of orbital parameters on the spatiotemporal distribution of measurements
Authors: Pradeep Jayadev , Sunilkumar S V 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSolar occultation is a satellite-based technique for high-resolution vertical profiling of planetary atmospheres. Owing to the distinctive observational geometry, the deduction of the spatiotemporal coverage of solar occultation measurements as a function of the spacecraft orbit is non-trivial. In this work, we have implemented python-based 3D simulations of the occultation-viewing geometry for a hypothetical Solar Occultation Experiment (SOE) to study the atmosphere of Venus. The simulations incorporate planetary motions and orbital propagation using the astropy and poliastro packages, and compute the instantaneous line-of-sight (LoS) tangent point using 3D vector algebra. SPICAV/SOIR data from Venus Express was used to validate the simulations, showing excellent agreement. Using the simulations, we conducted a first-of-its-kind theoretical study on the effect of varying different spacecraft orbital elements on the spatiotemporal distribution of solar occultation measurements in the Venusian atmosphere, confirming a highly sensitive dependence. The semimajor axis (a) and inclination (i) of the spacecraft orbit are found to influence the latitudinal extent of observations and the nature/duration of occultation seasons, while the eccentricity (e) and argument of periapsis (ω) determine the distinct regions of sparse observations. The spatiotemporal spread of individual SOE profiles is found to depend on the orbital parameters as well as the solar beta angle. Our results show that spacecraft orbits can be designed with appropriate parameters to optimize the coverage of SOE measurements in view of achieving specific science goals, providing valuable inputs for future missions to Venus that aim to implement the solar occultation technique.
Inspecting spectra with sound: proof-of-concept and extension to datacubes
Authors: Trayford James W , Harrison C M , Hinz R C , Kavanagh Blatt M , Dougherty S , Girdhar A 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We present a novel approach to inspecting galaxy spectra using sound, via their direct audio representation (‘spectral audification’). We discuss the potential of this as a complement to (or stand-in for) visual approaches. We surveyed 58 respondents who use the audio representation alone to rate 30 optical galaxy spectra with strong emission lines. Across three tests, each focusing on different quantities measured from the spectra (signal-to-noise ratio, emission-line width, and flux ratios), we find that user ratings are well correlated with measured quantities. This demonstrates that physical information can be independently gleaned from listening to spectral audifications. We note the importance of context when rating these sonifications, where the order examples are heard can influence responses. Finally, we adapt the method used in this promising pilot study to spectral datacubes. We suggest that audification allows efficient exploration of complex, spatially resolved spectral data.
Phage display technology for fabricating a recombinant monoclonal ScFv antibody against tetanus toxin
Authors: Nejad Hamideh Rouhani , Mehrabadi Jalil Fallah , Saeedi Pardis , Zanganeh Saeed 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Tetanus is a specific infectious disease, often associated with lower immunization in developing countries and catastrophic events (such as earthquakes). Millions of people, especially children, die every year from tetanus disease. Therefore, it is necessary to devise a rapid and sensitive detection method for tetanus toxin to ensure an early diagnosis and clinical treatment of tetanus. The current study looks at developing a novel, high specific, low-cost, and sensitive ScFv antibody. It is capable of tetanus detection immunoassays in clinical diagnosis, suspicious foods, and water monitoring. For this regard, a high-quality phage display antibody library (8.7 × 107 PFU/ml) was constructed. Tetanus-specific antibodies with high affinity retrieved from libraries. After phage rescue and four rounds of biopanning, clone screening was performed by phage ELISA. Recombinant antibodies expressed from the AC8 clone showed the highest affinity for tetanus. SDS-PAGE and western blotting confirmed the presence of a high-quality, pure ScFv band at 32 kDa. ELISA was used to determine the affinity value, estimated to be around 10−8 M. The results suggest that the proposed detection method by ScFv antibodies is an alternative diagnostic tool enabling rapid and specific detection of the tetanus toxin.