bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology commitment of emergency medical service practitioners and dispatchers
Authors: Elsenbast Christian , Hagemann Vera 
Published: August 2023

Background Digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) have entered the emergency medical service (EMS). Successful use of them depends on employees’ personal attitudes towards modern technology and its use. Aims This study explored the technology commitment of EMS professionals, dispatchers and emergency physicians, including towards AI systems. Methods To assess attitudes in the context of AI systems in EMS, employees were asked to answer an online questionnaire between October 2021 and March 2022. Findings A total of 510 participants, including 184 EMS professionals, 199 dispatchers and 68 emergency physicians, participated. These professionals had moderate to high technology commitment values with minor differences. Technology commitment correlated negatively with age. Gender had no effect. Conclusion The EMS provides fertile ground for AI systems. It is important to keep in mind that people with uncertainties and reservations need support. The scales in the questionnaire proved to be reliable and valid.
The effectiveness and decay of public health policy actions on infection-control behaviour in the general public: Evidence from a low-COVID prevalence jurisdiction
Authors: Ross Kent , Dutton Daniel J. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPublic health policies designed to influence individuals’ infection-control behaviour are a tool for governments to help prevent the spread of disease. Findings on the impacts of policies are mixed and there is limited information on the effects of removing restrictions and how policies impact behavioural trends.MethodsWe use low-acuity emergency department visits from 12 hospitals in New Brunswick, Canada, (January 2017 –October 2021) as a proxy for infection-control behaviour and provide insight into the effects of the COVID-19 virus on a population with a low prevalence of cases. Quasi-experimental techniques (event studies) are applied to estimate the magnitude and persistence of effects of specific events (e.g., policy changes), to control for COVID-19 cases and vaccines, and to explore how the effectiveness of policy changes during the pandemic as more policies are introduced.ResultsInitial tightening of restrictions on March 11, 2020 reduced low-acuity emergency department visits by around 60% and reached a minimum after 30 days. Relaxing policies on social gatherings and personal services gradually increased low-acuity emergency department visits by approximately 50% after 44 days. No effects were found from policies lifting all restrictions, and reinstating a state of emergency on July 31, 2021, and September 24, 2021.ConclusionThese results suggest that policy interventions are less likely to be effective at influencing infection control behaviour with time and more policies introduced, and that tracking and publicly reporting case numbers can influence infection control behaviour.
Expression of circadian regulatory genes is dysregulated by increased cytokine production in mice subjected to concomitant intestinal injury and parenteral nutrition
Authors: Shearn Colin T. , Anderson Aimee L. , Devereaux Michael W. , El Kasmi Karim C. , Orlicky David J. , Sokol Ronald J. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundWe have developed a mouse model of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis (PNAC) in which combining intestinal inflammation and PN infusion results in cholestasis, hepatic macrophage activation, and transcriptional suppression of bile acid and sterol signaling and transport. In the liver, the master circadian gene regulatorsBmal/ArntlandClockdrive circadian modulation of hepatic functions, including bile acid synthesis. Once activated, Bmal and Clock are downregulated by several transcription factors including Reverbα (Nr1d1), Dbp (Dbp), Dec1/2 (Bhlhe40/41), Cry1/2 (Cry1/2) and Per1/2 (Per1/2). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of PN on expression of hepatic circadian rhythm (CR) regulatory genes in mice.MethodsWT, IL1KOor TNFRKOmice were exposed to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 4 days followed by soy-oil lipid emulsion-based PN infusion through a central venous catheter for 14 days (DSS-PN) and the expression of key CR regulatory transcription factors evaluated. Animals were NPO on a 14 hr light-dark cycle and were administered PN continuously over 24 hrs. Mice were sacrificed, and hepatic tissue obtained at 9-10AM (Zeitgeber Z+3/Z+4 hrs). PNAC was defined by increased serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bile acids, and total bilirubin and the effect of i.p. injection of recombinant IL-1β (200ng/mouse) or TNFα (200ng/mouse) on CR expression was examined after 4 hrs.ResultsIn the PNAC model, DSS-PN increased serum biomarkers of hepatic injury (ALT, AST, serum bile acids) which was suppressed in both DSS-PN IL1KOand DSS-PN TNFRKOmice. In WT DSS-PN, mRNA expression ofArntlandDec1was suppressed corresponding to increasedNr1d1,Per2,DbpandDec2. These effects were ameliorated in both DSS-PN IL1KOand DSS-PN TNFRKOgroups. Western analysis of the circadian transcription factor network revealed in WT mice DSS-PN significantly suppressed Reverbα, Bmal, Dbp, Per2 and Mtnr1b. With the exception of Dbp, DSS-PN mediated suppression was ameliorated by both IL1KOand TNFRKO. Intraperitoneal injection of IL-1β or TNFα into WT mice increased serum AST and ALT and suppressed mRNA expression ofNr1d1,ArntlandClockand increasedDbpandPer2.ConclusionsAltered expression of CR-dependent regulatory genes during PNAC accompanies cholestasis and is, in part, due to increased cytokine (IL-1β and TNFα) production. Evaluation of the effects of modulating CR in PNAC thus deserves further investigation.
Burnout and staff turnover among certified nursing assistants working in acute care hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Snyder Rachel L. , Barnes Laura E. A. , White Katelyn A. , Cochran Ronda L. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction
Healthcare worker burnout is a growing problem in the United States which affects healthcare workers themselves, as well as the healthcare system as a whole. The goal of this qualitative assessment was to understand factors that may lead to healthcare worker burnout and turnover through focus groups with Certified Nursing Assistants who worked in acute care hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Eight focus group discussions lasting approximately 30 minutes each were held remotely from October 2022–January 2023 with current and former Certified Nursing Assistants who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic in acute care hospitals. Participants were recruited through various sources such as social media and outreach through professional organizations. The focus groups utilized open-ended prompts including topics such as challenges experienced during the pandemic, what could have improved their experiences working during the pandemic, and motivations for continuing or leaving their career in healthcare. The focus groups were coded using an immersion-crystallization technique and summarized using NVivo and Microsoft Excel. Participant demographic information was summarized overall and by current work status.

Results
The focus groups included 58 Certified Nursing Assistants; 33 (57%) were current Certified Nursing Assistants and 25 (43%) were Certified Nursing Assistants who no longer work in healthcare. Throughout the focus groups, five convergent themes emerged, including staffing challenges, respect and recognition for Certified Nursing Assistants, the physical and mental toll of the job, facility leadership support, and pay and incentives.

Conclusions
Focus group discussions with Certified Nursing Assistants identified factors at individual and organizational levels that might contribute to burnout and staff turnover in healthcare settings. Suggestions from participants on improving their experiences included ensuring staff know they are valued, being included in conversations with leadership, and improving access to mental health resources.
Concepções e políticas para a formação profissional: graduação tecnológica frente às reformas educacionais pós 2017
Authors: Batista Sueli Soares do Santos , Freire Emerson 
Published: August 2023

Perante os intensos debates sobre a flexibilização do ensino técnico integrado ao médio e à ampliação dos mestrados e doutorados profissionais, torna-se urgente pensar que lugar ocupa ou poderá ocupar a graduação tecnológica. Essa modalidade educativa apresenta especificidades frente ao bacharelado e à licenciatura, estando entre suas concepções norteadoras a densidade tecnológica, a articulação com o desenvolvimento local e com as políticas de ciência, tecnologia e inovação. As reformas educacionais a partir de 2017 trouxeram mudanças substanciais para a educação profissional e tecnológica, culminando com novas diretrizes para essa modalidade educativa. Este artigo estuda os caminhos que se apresentam para a graduação tecnológica analisando o descompasso entre suas concepções norteadoras e as políticas atuais. Trata-se, também, de problematizar políticas educacionais que têm como pressupostos a aceleração na formação técnica e tecnológica. O estudo parte de revisão bibliográfica sobre as políticas de EPT e os Cursos Superiores de Tecnologia nesse contexto. Apresenta e analisa documentos legais e institucionais relacionados à temática., além de trazer elementos para problematizar as concepções de formação técnica e tecnológica contidas nas diretrizes estaduais e nacionais face a uma lógica que acentua e privilegia a velocidade em todas as instâncias sociais, fomentando uma política educacional de aceleração para o mercado.
Neurodevelopmental disorder and immunodeficiency
Authors: Roifman Chaim M. , Vong Linda 
Published: August 2023

Background: Neurodevelopment is closely entwined with immune maturation and function during embryogenesis. While haematopoietic-derived microglia have recognized roles in a number of neurodevelopmental processes, the contribution of molecules classically involved in the immune system (including complement, toll-like receptors, and cytokines) are also emerging. To date, approximately 11% of genes known to cause primary immunodeficiency also confer varying degrees of neurological abnormalities. These can range from intellectual disability, cognitive and behavioural disorders, through to seizures, spasticity, and motor development delay. However, very rarely are sensory processing defects associated with aberrations of the immune system. Aims: To define the clinical presentation and immune phenotype of a novel syndrome encompassing immunodeficiency, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and altered pain sensitivity in two siblings. Methods: Comprehensive retrospective review of the patient’s charts were performed, in accordance with local research ethics board approval. Results: We describe two teenage sisters who presented with recurrent sinopulmonary infections, lymphopenia affecting both B and T cells, developmental delay, learning and processing disorder, seizures, and reduced sensitivity to pain. Other features include bronchogenic cyst, microscopic hematuria, oral ulcers, papular urticaria, and keratosis pilaris. Conclusion: An underlying defect in genes known to cause primary immunodeficiency was not identified, suggesting the role of an as-yet undefined molecule at the crossroads of immunity, neurodevelopment, and sensory processing. Statement of novelty: We report on two patients, siblings, with a novel phenotype of combined immunodeficiency, neurodevelopmental delay, and reduced sensitivity to painful stimuli.
Metyrosine-associated endocrinological changes in pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma
Authors: Matsuo Yuko , Ashida Kenji , Nagayama Ayako , Moritaka Kanoko , Gobaru Mizuki , Yasuda Junichi , Ogasawara Naoyuki , Kurose Hirofumi , Chikui Katsuaki , Iwata Shimpei , Inoguchi Yukihiro , Hasuzawa Nao , Motomura Seiichi , Igawa Tsukasa , Nomura Masatoshi 
Published: August 2023

Objective
Metyrosine (alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine) effectively reduces catecholamine levels in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. However, improvements in physiological and metabolic parameters and changes in endocrine function associated with metyrosine administration should be validated in comparison to surgery. This study was performed to confirm the effects of metyrosine on the physiological, metabolic, and endocrinological functions of patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma in the perioperative period.

Design
This retrospective cohort study was performed at a single university hospital.

Methods
We included ten patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma who received oral metyrosine after α-blocker therapy and consecutive surgeries. Urinary catecholamine metabolite levels and other clinical parameters were evaluated before and after metyrosine administration, and 1 week after surgery.

Results
The mean age was 53.1 ± 16.1 years. Of the ten participants (four men and six women), nine had pheochromocytoma and one had paraganglioma. The median maximum metyrosine dose was 750 mg/day. Urinary catecholamine metabolite levels significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner after metyrosine administration. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased after metyrosine and surgical treatment. Metyrosine administration significantly improved insulin sensitivity, although surgery improved the the basal insulin secretion. Additionally, serum prolactin and thyroid-stimulatory hormone levels were significantly increased by metyrosine treatment, whereas plasma renin activity was decreased.

Conclusions
Metyrosine significantly reduced catecholamines in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma and ensured the safety of the surgery. Adjustment of metyrosine administration may make surgical pretreatment more effective in achieving stabilized blood pressure and improving glucose metabolism. Endocrine parameters may manifest as the systemic effects of metyrosine administration.
Maternal restricted- and over- feeding during gestation perturb offspring sperm epigenome in sheep
Authors: Zhu Linkai , Tillquist Nicole , Scatolin Giovanna , Gately Rachael , Kawaida Mia , Reiter Amanda , Reed Sarah , Zinn Steven , Govoni Kristen , Jiang Zongliang 
Published: August 2023

In brief
Inadequate maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and lifelong effects on offspring. This study shows that maternal restricted - and over- nutrition during gestation do not affect semen characteristics in F1 male offspring but alters offspring sperm sncRNA profiles and DNA methylome in sheep.

Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that inadequate maternal nutrition during gestation can have immediate and lifelong effects on offspring. However, little is known about the effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on male offspring reproduction. Here, using a sheep model of maternal restricted - and over - nutrition (60 or 140% of the National Research Council requirements) during gestation, we found that maternal restricted - and over - nutrition do not affect semen characteristics (i.e. volume, sperm concentration, pH, sperm motility, sperm morphology) or scrotal circumference in male F1 offspring. However, using small RNA sequencing analysis, we demonstrated that both restricted - and over - nutrition during gestation induced marked changes in composition and expression of sperm small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) subpopulations including in male F1 offspring. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing analysis further identified specific genomic loci where poor maternal nutrition resulted in alterations in DNA methylation. These findings indicate that maternal restricted - and over - nutrition during gestation induce epigenetic modifications in sperm of F1 offspring sperm in sheep, which may contribute to environmentally influenced phenotypes in ruminants.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY: THE ATTITUDES OF TURKISH AND FOREIGN MALE STUDENTS TO THE PHYSICAL EDUCATION LESSON
Authors: Ünlü Hüseyin , Karahan Mustafa , Aydos Latif , Öner Mutlu 
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the attitudes that foreign students, obtaining secondary education in Turkey, have to the physical education lessons, compared with Turkish students. The study sample consists of 437 students. 325 of these are male students from 34 different countries and 112 of them are Turkish students. The study used the “Attitude Scale to Physical Education Lesson” as a data collection tool. While data analysis used descriptive statistics, independent t test was used for the comparison of the attitudes of Turkish and foreign students to the physical education lesson. The study revealed that participants in the study have positive attitudes to physical education lessons and, when compared, there is a significant difference between the attitudes of Turkish and foreign students. Keywords: attitudes differences, nationality differences, scale of attitudes, secondary school students.----------------- Cilj ove analize je istražiti stavove koje strani učenici koji pohađaju srednju školu u Turskoj imaju prema nastavi tjelesnog odgoja u odnosu na turske studente. Uzorak u ovome istraživanju sastoji se od 437 učenika. Od tog broja 325 učenika dolazi iz 34 različite zemlje, a 112 učenika je turske narodnosti. U analizi se kao instrument za prikupljanje podataka koristila „Ljestvica stavova prema nastavi tjelesnog odgoja“. Za analizu podataka koristila se deskriptivna statistika, dok je nezavisni t-test korišten za usporedbu stavova prema nastavi tjelesnog odgoja među turskim i stranim učenicima. Analiza je otkrila da sudionici u ovome istraživanju imaju pozitivne stavove prema nastavi tjelesnog odgoja, a kod usporedbe stavova turskih i stranih učenika postoji značajna razlika. Ključne riječi: ljestvica stavova, razlika prema narodnosti, razlika u stavovima, učenici srednjih škola.
TEACHING OPTIONAL SCIENCE SUBJECTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN SERBIA: TEACHERS' PROBLEMS / PROBLEMI UČITELJA U REALIZACIJI IZBORNIH PREDMETA PRIRODNIH ZNANOSTI U RAZREDNOJ NASTAVI U SRBIJI
Authors: Cvjeticanin Stanko , Segedinac Mirjana , Segedinac Milan 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARY In the Republic of Serbia, first to fourth graders have to choose three optional subjects from the list comprising six of them. These also include science subjects, Hands in Dough and The Guardians of Nature. The present paper deals with teaching optional science subjects in the elementary school, as well as with problems teachers may have when they teach them. The research involved 182 elementary school teachers from Vojvodina. The analytical and descriptive method was used in the research, whereas the instrument referred to a questionnaire based on the crucial aim. The teachers mostly teach The Guardians of Nature, more than Hands in Dough, because of the contents they consider less complex in the former case. Besides, they think that they do not have enough professional and methodological knowledge to use the methods of science, which is taught within the latter subject, and that they lack the needed literature and technical recourses, so they do not offer Hands in Dough to children. In addition, they need some further training considering the use of scientific method to be able to improve their competences for teaching such a subject and provide children with better knowledge from the field of natural sciences. Key words: early elementary school teaching, problems in teaching science, the Republic of Serbia, teachers. ---- SAŽETAK U Republici Srbiji djeca u razrednoj nastavi trebaju odabrati tri izborna predmeta od ponuđenih šest. Među izbornim predmetima su i predmeti prirodnih znanosti, Čuvari prirode i Ruka u tijestu. Cilj rada je analiza zastupljenosti i realizacije tih predmeta u nastavi, kao i analiza problema s kojima se učitelji susreću tokom njihove realizacije. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 182 učitelja iz Vojvodine. Primijenjena je analitičko-deskriptivna metoda. Instrument istraživanja je anketa, konstruirana na temelju postavljenoga cilja. Većina anketiranih učitelja više realizira predmet Čuvari prirode, jer su im sadržaji lakši, nego predmet Ruka u tijestu. Oni navode da nemaju dovoljno stručnog i metodičkog znanja za primjenu znanstvene metode, što se uči u predmetu Ruka u tijestu, kao i potrebnu literaturu i tehničke mogućnosti, zbog čega ovaj predmet djeci ne nude kao izborni. Nužno je daljnje stručno i metodičko usavršavanje učitelja u primjeni znanstvene metode da bi povećali kompetencije za poučavanje u sklopu predmeta Ruka u tijestu i djeci omogućili bolje znanje iz područja prirodnih znanosti. Ključne riječi: izborni predmeti, problem u realizaciji prirodnih znanosti, razredna nastava, Srbija, učitelji.
CROATIAN - WITH OR WITHOUT GRAMMAR / HRVATSKI - S GRAMATIKOM ILI BEZ NJE
Authors: Požgaj Hadži Vesna , Plešković Maša , Ćužić Tomislav 
Published: August 2023

Summary Teaching Croatian as a foreign or second language still lacks a systematic theoretical and methodological approach to presenting grammatical content. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze noun morphology in beginner-level textbooks for Croatian as a foreign language in regard to a) the order of presentation and b) the didactic and methodological presentation of cases. The results of comparative analysis show that textbooks are moving toward the communicative approach. However, the structuralist approach has not yet been abandoned. The order of presentation of cases is no longer traditional. Rather, it is based on communicative needs. The differences in methodology (the presentation of grammar rules, grammatical overviews, the text and tasks interrelation, etc.) stem from the different concepts of the textbooks. The authors conclude that what lacks in teaching Croatian as a foreign or second language is a Threshold for Communication in Croatian as well as a concept on guidelines for future research at national level. Keywords: grammar, noun morphology, cases, textbook, Croatian as a foreign language ----- Sažetak Kako u hrvatskome kao stranom/drugom jeziku još uvijek ne postoji usustavljen teorijsko-metodološki pristup obradi gramatičkih sadržaja, cilj je rada analizirati imeničku morfologiju u udžbenicima hrvatskoga jezika kao stranoga namijenjenima početnomu stupnju učenja, i to s obzirom na: a) redoslijed obrade padeža i b) njihov didaktički/metodički prikaz. Rezultati komparativne analize pokazuju da je u udžbenicima uočljiv pomak prema komunikacijskome pristupu, ali strukturalistički pristup još uvijek nije prevladan. Što se redoslijeda padeža tiče, on se više ne pojavljuje prema tradicionalnome redoslijedu već proizlazi iz komunikacijskih datosti. Razlike se vide i u metodičkome instrumentariju (prikaz gramatičkih pravila, gramatički pregledi, odnos teksta i zadataka itd.) zbog različitih koncepcija pojedinih udžbenika. Zaključuje se da hrvatskome inojezičnome nedostaje Prag za sporazumijevanje na hrvatskome jeziku kao i koncept o smjernicama budućih istraživanja na nacionalnoj razini. Ključne riječi: gramatika, hrvatski jezik kao strani, imenička morfologija, padeži, udžbenik