bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating the impacts of vegetation coverage on ecosystem services to determine ecological restoration targets for adaptive management on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: He Juan , Li Yao , Shi Xueyi , Hou Haiyan 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAchieving sustainable resource management is essential to address the rising demand for ecosystem services. The absence of targeted vegetation restoration based on ecological function positioning has, nevertheless, made it challenging to effectively combat the ecological decline. This study attempted to classify four dominant ecological function areas based on the assessment of water conservation, soil retention, habitat quality, and food supply and determined the vegetation coverage threshold by exploring the trade‐offs among ecosystem services and constraint effects between ecosystem services and vegetation coverage. The results highlighted the impacts of ecosystem services on vegetation coverage across the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 and established differentiated ecological restoration targets. The optimal vegetation coverage in the water conservation area was found to be 58%–63%, in the soil retention area was 52%–56%, in the food supply area was 34%–40%, and in the habitat quality area was 65%–70%. Finally, the study identified the subwatersheds with reasonable vegetation coverage, excessive restoration, and those that failed to reach the optimal vegetation coverage to develop targeted restoration strategies for each subwatershed according to its unique vegetation conditions. This study provides valuable insights into the specification of differentiated vegetation coverage targets and serves as a useful tool for more effective ecosystem planning and management.
Gathering validity evidence for a3D‐printed simulator for training of myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion
Authors: Lüscher Michael , Konge Lars , Tingsgaard Peter , Barrett Thomas Qvist , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to gather validity evidence according to Messick's framework for a novel 3D‐printed simulator for myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion for use in technical skills training of otorhinolaryngology (ORL) residents.MethodsThe study included 15 junior ORL residents (trainees) and 13 experienced teaching otolaryngologists (experts). Experts and trainees first received an identically structured introduction to the procedure, simulator, and simulation setup. Five procedures performed by each participant were video‐recorded and ordered randomly for blinded rating by two independent raters. The rating tools used were a global rating scale (GBRS) and a task‐specific checklist. Validity evidence was collected according to Messick's framework. Differences in time consumption and performance scores were analyzed. Finally, a pass/fail standard was established using the contrasting groups' method.ResultsTrainees used significantly more time per procedure (109 s, 95% CI: 99–120) than experts (82 s, 95% CI: 71–93;p < .001). Adjusted for repetition and rater leniency, experts achieved an average GBRS score of 18.8 (95% CI: 18.3–19.2) out of 20 points, whereas trainees achieved an average of 17.1 points (95% CI: 16.6–17.5;p < .001). In contrast to the task‐specific checklist, the GBRS score discriminated between repetition number and participant experience. The pass/fail standard for the GBRS was established at 18.4 points.ConclusionWe established educational validity evidence for a novel 3D‐printed model for simulation‐based training of ventilation tube insertion and established a reliable pass/fail standard.Level of Evidence1b.
Free‐flap volume correlates with body mass index in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Saito Mitsuko , Nakane Ayako , Asaumi Rieko , Kagifuku Yuko , Ishii Miki , Hasegawa Shohei , Yoshimi Kanako , Yamaguchi Kohei , Nakagawa Kazuharu , Hirai Hideaki , Kuroshima Takeshi , Tomioka Hirofumi , Tohara Haruka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative reconstructed tongue flap volume (RTFV) and body mass index (BMI) and identify factors affecting the flap volume in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma.MethodsThirty‐two patients were evaluated for RTFV from computed tomography images and BMI. The first and second evaluations were done at 6 months and 1.5 years after surgery respectively. RTFV rate changes and BMI differences from the first and second evaluations were calculated. The correlation between RTFV rate change and BMI difference was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Multiple regression analysis evaluated the relationship between the flap volume rate change and age, sex, flap type, and BMI difference to identify influencing factors.ResultsThe flap volume rate change and BMI difference correlated significantly (r = .594, p < .05). BMI difference and flap type were independent factors that affected reconstructed flap volume rate change in multiple regression analysis (p < .05).ConclusionThe flap volume of patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma correlates with the BMI change in the chronic phase. Patients after tongue reconstruction need to be well nourished to maintain BMI and thus postoperative tongue volume to maintain the quality of life.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
High rates of carbon burial linked to autochthonous production in artificial ponds
Authors: Holgerson Meredith A. , Ray Nicholas E. , Russ Chelsea 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPonds are globally abundant and important to the global carbon cycle. Although ponds have large greenhouse gas emissions, they also sequester carbon in their sediments. Here, we studied organic carbon (OC) burial rates in 22 temperate experimental ponds with negligible watersheds, where carbon sequestration derives solely from autochthonous primary production. The ponds were built identically in 1964 and have since experienced different management strategies, allowing us to test how management actions influence burial rates. On average, the ponds accumulated 67.1 g OC m−2 yr−1 (range 38.3–113.6 g OC m−2 yr−1)—about double the global average burial rate for lakes and similar to global averages for wetlands. Carbon burial rates were higher in ponds with macrophytes, fish, and higher N : P loads. We contend that the global carbon sink for inland waters may be substantially underestimated due to the undervaluation of OC burial in natural and artificial ponds.
Combining superpulse dynamic CO2 laser and supramolecular salicylic acid in the treatment of dense comedones with higher clearance in a shorter time: A prospective, randomized, split‐face clinical trial
Authors: Yang Meng‐yao , Liu Jing , Ning Di‐chao , Liu Yan‐ting , Ye Dan , Tu Chen , Wang Zhao , Zeng Wei‐Hui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivesDense comedones are common in patients with acne vulgaris, and promoting treatment can prevent the progression of acne lesions. However, the efficacy‐time conflict makes the treatment challenging and the medication options are limited by the side effects.Materials and methodsThirty‐five patients with symmetrical dense comedones were enrolled and the two sides of the face were randomly assigned to receive 30% supramolecular salicylic acid (SSA) combined with CO2 laser or CO2 laser monotherapy at an interval of 2 weeks for six treatment sessions. Comedones count, porphyrin index (PI), texture index (TI), melanin index, erythema index, hydration index (HI), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and side effects were recorded at each visit till the 12th week.ResultsThirty‐one patients completed the study. Comedones on the combined‐SSA side were reduced more after six treatments, that the mean reduction rate of the combined‐SSA side was 85.76%, and that of the CO2 laser‐treated side was 62.32% (Pbetween < 0.001). Combining SSA also showed a better effect on reducing PI and TI than CO2 laser singly (Pbetween < 0.001). TEWL and HI between the two sides showed no significant differences after treatments. No permanent or severe side effects were observed on both side.ConclusionsThe treatment combined CO2 laser with 30% SSA dealt with the efficacy‐time conflict while significantly reducing comedones and improving skin texture in 12 weeks and no serious adverse reactions occurred.LimitationsIt is a single‐center study and the number of subjects was small.
Modeling of the corrosion behavior of B30 alloy in a deep‐sea environment by using the response surface methodology
Authors: Yin Tengfei , Meng Song , Zhao Yang , Zhang Tao , Wang Fuhui 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of B30 copper‐nickel alloy in a deep‐sea environment was investigated by using the self‐built loop apparatus based on the response surface methodology. The results indicated that all the environmental factors accelerate the corrosion of alloys. The degree of effect of the individual factors decreased in the following order—dissolved oxygen > temperature > flow rate > pressure. Moreover, there exist interaction effects between any two of the environmental factors, of which the one between temperature and pressure is the most significant. A mathematical relationship between these factors and the corrosion behavior for B30 alloy was established. The accuracy of the corrosion model was verified by immersion and electrochemical testing.
Recent Progress in Polymers with Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Li Liqiang , Peng Xiaotong , Zhu Di , Zhang Jing , Xiao Pu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) have attracted huge interest in the past two decades, particularly in polymer materials, due to their reversibility. The introduction of DCBs into polymers often endows the polymers with unprecedented properties such as self‐healing, shape memory, enhanced mechanical strength, and stimuli responsiveness. Specifically, DCBs offer unique opportunities for self‐healing materials by enabling the spontaneous reformation of covalent linkages and restoring structural integrity upon damaged or mechanical stress. Additionally, shape memory behavior allows polymers to retain programmed shapes and undergo reversible transformations triggered by external stimuli. This property finds applications in various fields such as biomedical devices and smart textiles. Furthermore, DCBs enhance mechanical strength, making polymers resilient and durable, thus expanding their applications in structural materials. Their stimuli responsiveness allows for dynamic modulation of properties based on environmental triggers, enabling the development of intelligent materials for sensors, drug delivery systems, and responsive coatings. This review provides an overview of commonly employed DCBs in polymer materials, explaining their dynamic behaviors, reversibility, and stabilities. It also explores the diverse applications of DCB‐based polymers, from self‐healing coatings to shape memory polymers. Through these advancements, the potential for future breakthroughs in materials science becomes evident.
Review on Polymer Materials for Solid Desiccant Cooling System
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Sundarrajan Subramanian , Kumar Ganesh Vijay , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAs an alternative form of vapor compression air conditioning devices, solid desiccant cooling (SDC) techniques have increasingly been explored recently. The overall performances of SDC primarily rely on the capability of dehumidification and regeneration of desiccant. A desiccant with a great uptake capability and excellent regeneration potential is preferred in an SDC system. Although traditional desiccants like silica gels and zeolites are able to absorb moisture at moderate levels, hygroscopic polymers show a superior ability in moisture sorption and desorption. Significant research has been conducted to investigate the hygroscopic polymers in SDC for household and industrial applications. Here, first, an introduction to SDC systems is presented, and then hygroscopic polymers from natural and synthetic origins are discussed. Synthetic polymers discussed are metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), amorphous porous organic polymers (POPs), polyelectrolytes, and polymer‐based composites. Their dehumidification behaviors in SDC systems, primarily desiccant‐coated heat exchanger (DCHE) systems, are compared and summarized. Binders employed in SDC systems are also summarized, as a proper binder enhances the overall performance of the desiccant system. It can be anticipated that hygroscopic polymers and binder materials would witness extensive applications in the future.
Generation Z's psychology and new‐age technologies: Implications for future research
Authors: Ameen Nisreen , Hosany Sameer , Taheri Babak 
Published: August 2023

AbstractGeneration Z (Gen Z), also known as digital natives, constitutes one‐third of the world' population. Despite notable contributions and progress explaining Gen Z's behavior, significant gaps remain in our understanding of digital natives, their interactions with new‐age technologies and how these technologies can be utilized to provide a better quality of life for this group of consumers. In this review article, we provide a background on Gen Z's consumer psychology and interactions with new‐age technologies, followed by an overview of the articles published in our special section. Finally, we suggest new areas for future research on Gen Z's consumer psychology and interactions with new‐age technologies. Specifically, we propose four main themes for future research in this area: (1) Gen Z and new‐age technologies, specifically generative artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, the metaverse, virtual influencers, and live streaming; (2) Gen Z consumers and global issues, specifically economic and social issues, sustainability and environmental issues, and health and wellbeing; (3) combining theories, concepts and disciplines to understand Gen Z and new‐age technologies; and (4) new methods and forms of collaboration.
Study of a Multiple Responses, High Deformation, and Programmable PLA–PPC/PVA–PDA Actuator
Authors: Zhang Yan , Sun Tianyi , Zhang Dashuai , Sun Shishu , Liu Jinrui , Li Bangsen , Zhu Wenya , Shi Zaifeng 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe intelligent response actuators based on bilayer polymer can deform under the stimulation of temperature, humidity, light, and other external environment, which is the focus of research. However, achieving multiple responses, high deformation, and programmability is still one of the challenges for these actuators. Herein, a nondetachable bilayer structure, polylactic acid–polypropylene carbonate/polyvinyl alcohol–polydopamine (PLA–PPC/PVA–PDA) multiresponse programmable actuator is prepared by a simple scraping film method. Using PLA–PPC as the solvent‐driven response layer, the effects of length, thickness, shape, and solvent vapor on the deformation of PLA–PPC/PVA–PDA actuators are studied. Among them, the high curvature of the film stimulated by ethyl acetate (EA) solution is 29.85 cm−1. Using PVA–PDA as the response layer to water molecules and infrared (IR) light, the bilayer film shows excellent curling performance. Moreover, the dynamic processes of human clothing and biomimetic squid under solvent stimulation, the picture rolling motion under water molecule stimulation, the biomimetic flower blooming and merging under the synergistic of water molecules and IR light, and the deformation process of biomimetic mimosa under the competition between water molecules and IR light are simulated, which broadens the road for the development of intelligent driving materials.
An update on multiplexed mass spectrometry‐based lysosomal storage disease diagnosis
Authors: Darie‐Ion Laura , Petre Brînduşa Alina 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a type of inherited metabolic disorders in which biomolecules, accumulate as a specific substrate in lysosomes due to specific individual enzyme deficiencies. Despite the fact that LSDs are incurable, various approaches, including enzyme replacement therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or gene therapy are now available. Therefore, a timely diagnosis is a critical initial step in patient treatment. The‐state‐of‐the‐art in LSD diagnostic uses, in the first stage, enzymatic activity determination by fluorimetry or by mass spectrometry (MS) with the aid of dry blood spots, based on different enzymatic substrate structures. Due to its sensitivity, high precision, and ability to screen for an unprecedented number of diseases in a single assay, multiplexed tandem MS‐based enzyme activity assays for the screening of LSDs in newborns have recently received a lot of attention. Here, (i) we review the current approaches used for simultaneous enzymatic activity determination of LSDs in dried blood spots using multiplex—LC‐MS/MS; (ii) we explore the need for designing novel enzymatic substrates that generate different enzymatic products with distinct molecular masses in multiplexed‐MS studies; and (iii) we give examples of the relevance of affinity‐MS technique as a basis for reversing undesirable immune‐reactivity in enzyme replacement therapy.
Comparison of Linear and Ring Polymers Partitioning into Pores Using Random Walks and Self‐Avoiding Walks Models
Authors: Litle Christopher Alexander , Wang Yongmei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMonte Carlo simulations that examine the partitioning of dilute solutions of ring or linear chains into a slit pore using two chain models, the random‐walk (RW) model and the self‐avoiding walk (SAW) model are presented. The partitioning coefficients K for the ring and the linear chains at the surface interaction both under the critical adsorption point (CAP) and above the CAP are compared. In both chain models, K for the ring remains larger than K for the linear chains. The ring chain crosses over the point K = 1 at a weaker surface interaction than the linear chain. When extrapolated to infinite chain length, the cross‐over point for the ring and linear chain becomes the same (within statistical errors) for the RW model but remains different for the SAW model. The density profiles of the ring within the pore reveal the development of humps near the wall as the surface interaction crosses over the CAP. The excluded volume interaction in the SAW model additionally impacts the partitioning of chains in a solution consisting of a binary mixture of ring and linear chains and makes the K values in a binary mixture differ from the monodispersed solutions.
Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 1 (NAP1L1) promotes cardiac fibrosis by inhibiting YAP1 ubiquitination and degradation
Authors: Li Tianyu , Niu Zhihui , Yu Tong , Li Jinrui , Lu Xin , Huang Mengqin , Wang Qianqian , Yu Xiaojiang , Feng Jiayue , Xu Bingqian , Bing Danyang , Li Xuelian , Lu Lifang , Liang Haihai , Yang Rui , Wang Bin , Shan Hongli 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMyocardial fibrosis post myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and cardiac dysfunction could finally develop into serious heart disease, like heart failure. Lots of regulating factors involved in this pathological process have been reported while the specific mediators and underlying mechanisms remain to need to be further investigated. As part of the NAP1 family, Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 1 (NAP1L1) is expressed in a wide variety of tissues. Here, we report that NAP1L1 is a significant regulator of cardiac fibrosis and is upregulated in ischemic cardiomyopathy patient hearts. Enhanced expression of NAP1L1 can promote cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) proliferation, migration, and differentiation into myofibroblasts. In contrast, loss of NAP1L1 decreased fibrosis‐related mRNA and protein levels, inhibited the trans‐differentiation, and blunted migration and proliferation of CFs after Transforming Growth Factorβ1（TGF‐β1）stimulation. In vivo, NAP1L1 knockout mice enhanced cardiac function and reduced fibrosis area in response to MI stimuli. Mechanically, NAP1L1 binding to Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1) protein influences its stability, and silencing NAP1L1 can inhibit YAP1 expression by promoting its ubiquitination and degradation in CFs. Collectively, NAP1L1 could potentially be a new therapeutic target for various cardiac disorders, including myocardial fibrosis.
Microtubule‐targeting agents for cancer treatment: Seven binding sites and three strategies
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Gigant Benoît , Zheng Xi , Chen Qiang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMicrotubules are pivotal in diverse cellular functions encompassing cell signaling, morphology, intracellular trafficking, and cell mitosis/division. They are validated targets for disease treatment, notably hematological cancers and solid tumors. Microtubule‐targeting agents (MTAs) exert their effects by modulating microtubule dynamics, impeding cell proliferation, and promoting cell death. Recent advances in structural biology have unveiled novel perspectives for investigating multiple binding sites and mechanisms of action used by MTAs. In this review, we first provide an overview of the intricate structure and dynamics of microtubules. Then we explore the seven binding sites and the three primary strategies (stabilization, destabilization, and degradation) harnessed by MTAs. Furthermore, we introduce the emerging domain of microtubule‐targeting degraders, exemplified by PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras and small‐molecule degraders, which enable precise degradation of specific microtubule‐associated proteins implicated in cancer pathogenesis. Additionally, we discuss the promising realm of precision‐targeted approaches, including antibody–drug conjugates and the utilization of photopharmacology in MTAs. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical applications of microtubule‐targeting therapies, assessing their efficacy and current challenges. We aim to provide a global picture of MTAs development as well as insights into the microtubule‐targeting drug discovery for cancer treatment.
A low‐cost broadband millimeter‐wave bias tee network using SICL technology
Authors: Shukla Saurabh , Mukherjee Soumava 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis article presents a substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL)‐based low‐cost bias tee network operating in K‐ and Ka‐band (20–29 GHz). A butterfly stub is introduced in the direct current (DC) circuit path for the radiofrequency (RF) isolation. A single‐layer ceramic capacitor is used along the RF mainline to provide the DC isolation. The size of the proposed circuit is , where is the guided wavelength at the center frequency of 24.5 GHz. The proposed design exhibits 0.5–1 dB insertion loss in 20–25 GHz and 1–2 dB insertion loss in 25–29 GHz, along with more than 30 dB isolation between RF and DC circuits with good impedance matching. The isolation is improved by adding a series of butterfly stubs. Moreover, a design method for realizing a mounting pad to connect the surface‐mount device (SMD) capacitor with the SICL line is proposed. The proposed method helps integrate SMD component in the SICL environment. The parasitic effects of the pad are analyzed with the help of an equivalent circuit. This circuit is most suitable for 5G FR2 (millimeter‐wave) band application.