bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of TB in prisoners: a metanalysis of the prevalence of active and latent TB
Authors: Placeres Aline Ferreira , de Almeida Soares Débora , Delpino Felipe Mendes , Moura Heriederson Sávio Dias , Scholze Alessandro Rolim , dos Santos Márcio Souza , Arcêncio Ricardo Alexandre , Fronteira Inês 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) in prisons usually occurs at higher rates than in the general population, especially in developing countries. TB has been reported as the most common cause of death among prisoners. Studies have shown limitations for early detection of TB in prisons that seem to result from mistaken concepts about TB, delayed diagnosis mainly due to the naturalization of lack of healthcare for this populationMethodsA scoping review was performed using the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute to assess “What are the scientific evidences on the epidemiology of TB in the prison system?”. Then, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of TB (active and latent) TB in prisoners. The results are presented as prevalence, in percentage, through random effects models, with a confidence interval of 95%.ResultsRegarding active TB, the results of the metanalysis showed that countries with a high burden of TB had a prevalence of 3.54% [2.71; 4.63], countries not considered to be high burden TB countries had a prevalence of 1.43% [0.86; 2.37]. Latent TB had a prevalence of 51.61% [39.46; 63.58] in high TB burden countries and a prevalence of 40.24% [23.51; 59.61] in countries with low TB burden. In terms of development, in low- and lower-middle-income countries, the prevalence of active TB was 3.13% [1.84; 5.29] and in high- and upper-middle income countries the prevalence was 2.25% [1.70; 2.99]. The prevalence of latent TB in high- and middle-income countries was 43.77% [28.61; 60.18] and of 49.42% [45.91; 52.94] in low and lower middle-income countries.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that TB, and probably other infectious diseases, find fertile ground in prisons where previous acquire social disadvantages seem to thrive—therefore, TB in prisons is a global public health problem and effective strategies are needed to control the disease are needed targeting the prison environment, including rapid health assessments to understand each context and to implement tailored and precision interventions.
Diagnostic value of multiple b-value diffusion-weighted imaging in discriminating the malignant from benign breast lesions
Authors: Lin Chu-Xin , Tian Ye , Li Jia-Min , Liao Shu-Ting , Liu Yu-Tao , Zhan Run-Gen , Du Zhong-Li , Yu Xiang-Rong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe conventional breast Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was subtly influenced by microcirculation owing to the insufficient selection of the b values. However, the multiparameter derived from multiple b-value exhibits more reliable image quality and maximize the diagnostic accuracy. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic performance of stand-alone parameter or in combination with multiparameter derived from multiple b-value DWI in differentiating malignant from benign breast lesions.MethodsA total of forty-one patients diagnosed with benign breast tumor and thirty-eight patients with malignant breast tumor underwent DWI using thirteen b values and other MRI functional sequence at 3.0 T magnetic resonance. Data were accepted mono-exponential, bi-exponential, stretched-exponential, aquaporins (AQP) model analysis. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of quantitative parameter or multiparametric combination. The Youden index, sensitivity and specificity were used to assess the optimal diagnostic model. T-test, logistic regression analysis, and Z-test were used.Pvalue < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultThe ADCavg, ADCmax, f, and α value of the malignant group were lower than the benign group, while the ADCfastvalue was higher instead. The ADCmin, ADCslow, DDC and ADCAQPshowed no statistical significance. The combination (ADCavg-ADCfast) yielded the largest area under curve (AUC = 0.807) with sensitivity (68.42%), specificity (87.8%) and highest Youden index, indicating that multiparametric combination (ADCavg-ADCfast) was validated to be a useful model in differentiating the benign from breast malignant lesion.ConclusionThe current study based on the multiple b-value diffusion model demonstrated quantitatively multiparametric combination (ADCavg-ADCfast) exhibited the optimal diagnostic efficacy to differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions, suggesting that multiparameter would be a promising non-invasiveness to diagnose breast lesions.
Risk model and factors for prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer-a two-center cohort study
Authors: Liang Xian-Wen , Xiao Wei-Sheng , Lei Hao , Huag Qian-Cheng , Dong Yu-Lan , Wang Fang , Qing Wei-Peng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
Due to inconsistency in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) response in advanced gastric cancer (GC), the indications remain the source of controversy. This study focused on identifying factors related to NACT chemosensitivity and providing the best treatment for GC cases.

Methods
Clinical data in 867 GC cases treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were downloaded from two medical centers between January 2014 and December 2020, and analyzed by logistic regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) for identifying potential factors that predicted NACT response and might be incorporated in constructing the prediction nomogram.

Results
After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, totally 460 cases were enrolled, among which, 307 were males (66.74%) whereas 153 were females (33.26%), with the age of 24–77 (average, 59.37 ± 10.60) years. Consistent with RECIST standard, 242 patients were classified into effective group (PR or CR) while 218 were into ineffective group (PD or SD), with the effective rate of 52.61%. In training set, LASSO and logistic regression analysis showed that five risk factors were significantly associated with NACT effectiveness, including tumor location, Smoking history, T and N stages, and differentiation. In terms of our prediction model, its C-index was 0.842. Moreover, calibration curve showed that the model-predicted results were in good consistence with actual results. Validation based on internal and external validation sets exhibited consistency between training set results and ours.

Conclusions
This study identified five risk factors which were significantly associated with NACT response, including smoking history, clinical T stage, clinical N stage, tumor location and differentiation. The prediction model that exhibited satisfying ability to predict NACT effectiveness was constructed, which may be adopted for identifying the best therapeutic strategy for advanced GC by gastrointestinal surgeons.
Terminal ileitis and cytotoxic lesion of corpus callosum as the presenting features of Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C): a case report
Authors: Davoodi Marzieh , Pouladfar Gholamreza , Kadivar Mohammad Rahim , Dehghan Alireza , Askarisarvestani Aida , Hamzavi Seyedeh Sedigheh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a post-viral inflammatory vasculopathy characterized by persistent fever, multiorgan dysfunction, significant laboratory markers of inflammation, lack of an alternative diagnosis, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure in children and adolescents. The most common early symptoms include a prolonged fever, as well as dermatologic, mucocutaneous, and gastrointestinal symptoms such abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Case presentation
We present a pediatric patient with multisystem inflammatory syndrome with the development of abdominal pain and seizure who was found to have a circumferential wall thickening of the terminal ileum and ileocecal junction in abdominal CT scan. The brain MRI of the patient showed cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCC) which had hypersignal intensity with a few diffusion restrictions in the splenium of the corpus callosum.

Conclusion
This case is being reported to raise awareness of MIS-C presenting characteristics. Given the rising number of MIS-C patients and a lack of understanding regarding early diagnostic clinical characteristics and therapy, further research into clinical presentations, treatment, and outcomes is urgently needed.
The Precision in Psychiatry (PIP) study: Testing an internet-based methodology for accelerating research in treatment prediction and personalisation
Authors: Lee Chi Tak , Palacios Jorge , Richards Derek , Hanlon Anna K. , Lynch Kevin , Harty Siobhan , Claus Nathalie , Swords Lorraine , O’Keane Veronica , Stephan Klaas E , Gillan Claire M 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Evidence-based treatments for depression exist but not all patients benefit from them. Efforts to develop predictive models that can assist clinicians in allocating treatments are ongoing, but there are major issues with acquiring the volume and breadth of data needed to train these models. We examined the feasibility, tolerability, patient characteristics, and data quality of a novel protocol for internet-based treatment research in psychiatry that may help advance this field.

Methods
A fully internet-based protocol was used to gather repeated observational data from patient cohorts receiving internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT) (N = 600) or antidepressant medication treatment (N = 110). At baseline, participants provided > 600 data points of self-report data, spanning socio-demographics, lifestyle, physical health, clinical and other psychological variables and completed 4 cognitive tests. They were followed weekly and completed another detailed clinical and cognitive assessment at week 4. In this paper, we describe our study design, the demographic and clinical characteristics of participants, their treatment adherence, study retention and compliance, the quality of the data gathered, and qualitative feedback from patients on study design and implementation.

Results
Participant retention was 92% at week 3 and 84% for the final assessment. The relatively short study duration of 4 weeks was sufficient to reveal early treatment effects; there were significant reductions in 11 transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms assessed, with the largest improvement seen for depression. Most participants (66%) reported being distracted at some point during the study, 11% failed 1 or more attention checks and 3% consumed an intoxicating substance. Data quality was nonetheless high, with near perfect 4-week test retest reliability for self-reported height (ICC = 0.97).

Conclusions
An internet-based methodology can be used efficiently to gather large amounts of detailed patient data during iCBT and antidepressant treatment. Recruitment was rapid, retention was relatively high and data quality was good. This paper provides a template methodology for future internet-based treatment studies, showing that such an approach facilitates data collection at a scale required for machine learning and other data-intensive methods that hope to deliver algorithmic tools that can aid clinical decision-making in psychiatry.
The prevalence and mental health correlates of exposure to offensive behaviours at work in Hungary: results of a national representative survey
Authors: Szusecki Tyler , Konkolÿ Thege Barna , Stauder Adrienne 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Within the last decades, a substantial number of reports have established bullying behaviours as a severe risk to the health and safety of workers. However, in Hungary, the severity of this issue remains largely unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to 1) determine the prevalence of offensive workplace behaviours in the Hungarian working population and 2) examine the relationship between exposure to these offensive behaviours and certain mental health indicators.

Methods
The cross-sectional analyses of the present study are based on a sample of 13,104 active workers being representative of the Hungarian working population according to gender, age, educational level, and 18 occupational sectors. The mid-length version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II) was used to measure workplace offensive behaviours (bullying, sexual harassment, threats of violence, and physical violence) in the 12 months preceding the survey. Examined mental health correlates included depressive symptomatology (Beck Depression Inventory), functional somatic symptoms (PHQ-15), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), and general well-being (WHO Well-being Index).

Results
Almost half (48.7%) of the sample reported exposure to some form of offensive behaviour; 37.6% of participants reported occasional-, while 11.1% reported weekly or daily exposure. More women than men were exposed to offensive workplace behaviours, and those targeted the most were individuals aged 18–29 and in companies employing 20–49 employees. Top managers reported the lowest amount of bullying, while unskilled labourers reported the most frequent exposure. A moderately strong relationship was discovered between exposure to workplace offensive behaviours and all indicators of mental health.

Conclusion
Workplace bullying was revealed to be a significant public health concern according to this large, representative data set from Hungary. Strategies to reduce the occurrence and impact of these behaviours on employee health should be a priority for occupational health and safety interventions.
Does China’s Equalization of Basic Public Health Services policy improve delivery care for migrant women?
Authors: Zou Hong , Xiao Han , Xu Hongwei 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background

As of 2020, 1 in 4 people in China is a domestic migrant. However, their lack of access to health care in destination cities has been largely neglected by the Chinese government until recently.

Methods

Drawing on data from the 2010–2016 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study evaluated the impact of a pilot program of the Equalization of Basic Public Health Services launched in 2014 and focused on place of childbirth, an important indicator of delivery care. A difference-in-differences design was employed for statistical inference.

Results
The migrant pilot program increased the likelihood of a migrant childbirth at a migration destination by about 4 to 8 percentage points, depending on the model specification. Further analyses revealed that this positive effect was short-term and benefited relatively better-off migrant families.

Conclusion
The migrant pilot program improved delivery care for migrant women. The Chinese government needs to expand this pilot program to more cities and improve its benefits to better serve the massive migrant population.
Prevalence of married women’s decision-making autonomy on contraceptive use and its associated factors in high fertility regions of Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis using EDHS 2016 data
Authors: Belachew Tadele Biresaw , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Bitew Desalegn Anmut , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundWomen's independence in reproductive health is crucial to the health of mothers and children. Couples are, however, restricted from discussing their relationship openly. Regarding this, information about women’s decision-making autonomy is low in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess married women’s decision-making autonomy on contraceptive use in high fertility regions of Ethiopia.MethodsThe study was based on secondary data analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data. A total weighted sample of 1157 reproductive age women was included. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the significant associated factors of decision making autonomy on contraceptive use. Statistical significance was determined using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval.ResultsOverall prevalence of decision making autonomy on contraceptive use was observed to be 17.2% (15.1, 19.5). Women's age 25–34 (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI:1.55, 6.54), and 35–49 (AOR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.5, 8.36), secondary and above educational level (AOR = 3.38; 95% CI: 1.07, 10.67), being married before 18 years (AOR = 0.42; 95% CI:0.26, 0.68), being Muslim in religion (AOR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.98), women being in urban area (AOR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.97, 6.35), and community media exposure (AOR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.48) were associated with decision making autonomy on contraceptive use.ConclusionWomen’s decision-making autonomy on contraceptive use in this study was low. Age of mothers, educational status of mothers, age at first marriage, residence, religion, and community media exposure were significant factors. Therefore, the government should promote women’s autonomy on contraceptive use as an essential component of reproductive health rights through mass media, educating, with particular attention for, youth women, and women living in rural settings.
Synovial biopsy for establishing a definite diagnosis in undifferentiated chronic knee monoarthritis
Authors: Soroosh Soosan G , Ghatfan Ali , Farbod Abolfazl , Meftah Elahe 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundUndifferentiated arthritis is a condition in which the problem cannot be classified into any definite diagnosis category. Various methods have been suggested to clarify the definite diagnosis in this class. The synovial biopsy is suggested as the last diagnostic approach to determine the precise histopathological diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of synovial biopsy for establishing a definite diagnosis in patients with undifferentiated chronic knee monoarthritis.MethodsThe present retrospective case series was conducted in 2005 in the rheumatology research center of Shariati hospital and the 501 hospital in Tehran, Iran. The study included the synovial biopsy of patients with chronic knee monoarthritis who did not have a definite diagnosis after all the diagnostic steps before the synovial biopsy. Pathology slides of the patients’ synovial biopsy were reevaluated with a senior expert pathologist.ResultsEighty patients with a mean age of 37.6 ± 17.32 years (range: 6–68) were included, of whom 50% were female. The gap time between the onset of knee monoarthritis and the decision-making for synovial biopsy was 14.34 ± 19.61 months. Histopathologic evaluations revealed non-specific synovitis in 65% of the patients and a definite diagnosis in 35%. The most common definite diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis (9%), followed by septic arthritis (5%). The most common pathologic findings were endothelial proliferation (89%) and synovial proliferation (88%), and the most common infiltrating cell was lymphocyte (54%). Patients with non-specific synovitis were more likely to have neovascularization, cellular infiltration (p-value < 0.001), synovial proliferation, endothelial proliferation (p-value = 0.001), pannus formation (p-value = 0.009), and fibrosis (p-value = 0.022) compared to the patients with a definite pathologic diagnosis. However, age, gender, and the gap time between disease symptoms to synovial biopsy were not significantly different between the different groups of diagnosis (p-value > 0.05).ConclusionNon-specific synovitis remains the most common histopathologic finding, highlighting the importance of physician expert opinion for most of the patients with undifferentiated chronic knee monoarthritis. Studies with larger samples and immunohistochemistry analyses are needed to clarify this uncategorized entity further.
Impact of apparent diffusion coefficient on prognosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma: a case control study
Authors: Yamada Shinichiro , Morine Yuji , Ikemoto Tetsuya , Saito Yu , Teraoku Hiroki , Waki Yuhei , Nakasu Chiharu , Shimada Mitsuo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
We investigated the usefulness of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) from diffusion-weighted images (DWI) obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prognosis of early hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 and A.

Methods
We enrolled 102 patients who had undergone surgical resection for early HCC: BCLC stage 0 and A, and calculated their minimum ADC using DWI-MRI. We divided patients into ADCHigh (n = 72) and ADCLow (n = 30) groups, and compared clinicopathological factors between the two groups.

Results
The ADCLow group showed higher protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) levels (p = 0.02) compared with the ADCHigh group. In overall survival, the ADCLow group showed significantly worse prognosis than the ADCHigh group (p < 0.01). Univariate analysis identified multiple tumors, infiltrative growth, high PIVKA-II, and low ADC value as prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis identified infiltrative growth and low ADC value as an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion
ADC values can be used to estimate the prognosis of early HCC.
Risk factor analysis and prediction of postoperative clinically relevant pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy
Authors: He Chenchen , Zhang Yibing , Li Longfei , Zhao Mingda , Wang Chunhui , Tang Yufu 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective
Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following distal pancreatectomy (DP) is a serious complication. In the present study, we aimed to identify the risk factors associated with clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) and establish a nomogram model for predicting CR-POPF after DP.

Methods
In total, 115 patients who underwent DP at the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command between January 2005 and December 2020 were retrospectively studied. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors associated with CR-POPF. Then, a nomogram was formulated based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis. The predictive performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Decision curve and clinical impact curve analyses were used to validate the clinical application value of the model.

Results
The incidence of CR-POPF was 33.0% (38/115) in the present study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as independent risk factors for POPF: body mass index (BMI) (OR 4.658, P = 0.004), preoperative albumin level (OR 7.934, P = 0.001), pancreatic thickness (OR 1.256, P = 0.003) and pancreatic texture (OR 3.143, P = 0.021). We created a nomogram by incorporating the above mentioned risk factors. The nomogram model showed better predictive value, with a concordance index of 0.842, sensitivity of 0.710, and specificity of 0.870 when compared to each risk factor. Decision curve and clinical impact curve analyses also indicated that the nomogram conferred a high clinical net benefit.

Conclusion
Our nomogram could accurately and objectively predict the risk of postoperative CR-POPF in individuals who underwent DP, which could help clinicians with early identification of patients who might develop CR-POPF and early development of a suitable fistula mitigation strategy and postoperative management.