bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comfort-based Criteria for Evaluating Seismic Strengthening Performance of Building
Authors: Nouchi E , Wariyatno N G , Han A L , Gan B S 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In modern seismic design and technologies, the building’s seismic-resistant based on non-collapse plastic deformation. According to the periodical reports of the Japan Meteorological Agency, the number of people injured due to strong earthquakes is much higher than the number of deaths. Also, the number of buildings collapsed is less than the partly damaged buildings. The report also concludes that human injuries or deaths are not a result of the collapsed building. Human injuries or deaths are due to shakings when strong earthquakes strike the building. The cause of human casualties is the collapse of non-structural elements such as ceilings, bookshelves, or machinery appliances. The report implies that the buildings designed by the latest revised seismic standards have good earthquake resistance but fail to protect human casualties. Present works proposed comfort-based criteria for evaluating the quantitative shaking of buildings. The use of comfort-based criteria is demonstrated in evaluating the strengthening case studies selection processes. The study revealed that, in general, the seismic strengthening of a building by using bracings is not effective in reducing the shaking of the building. The proposed method highly recommends using shaking quantity criteria as an evaluation tool in the seismic strengthening design of buildings to select the best output in decision-making.
FIBRADIKE, a novel distributed fiber optic monitoring system for dikes and earth dams
Authors: Rabaiotti Carlo , Höttges Alessio , Facchini Massimo , Bohren Isabel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Safety issues related to climate change are one of the major challenges of modern society. One of the most significant risks is represented by extreme flood events which could lead to dike or earth dam breaching with catastrophic consequences for the environment. Despite the relevance of these infrastructure and modern advanced sensing technologies, dike and earth dam safety monitoring is carried out as it has been for centuries with visual inspections. In the best case, traditional point sensors, like piezometers, are installed in some limited sections. In this way it is not possible to early identify problem sections, which can be located many km away from the observation point. In this research an attempt has been made in order to develop a distributed fiber optical sensing system for dike and earth dam safety monitoring. The core of the system is represented by a novel distributed pore water pressure sensing unit, in the form of a specifically designed fiber optic sensing cable.. The development and first promising results of laboratory testing carried out on the industrially produced prototypes of the sensing cable are presented in this paper.
Shared vibration absorbers for connected SDOF structures
Authors: Arfiadi Yoyong , Frans Richard 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper considers the response reduction of structures connected with shared vibration absorbers. The response of two single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures next to each other are minimized by a connected mass damper as an absorber. The optimum values of the damper’s properties are obtained by using metaheuristic algorithms. The objective function is taken as the H2 norm of the regulated outputs, where the regulated outputs are taken as displacements of both structures. To simplify the problems, the stiffness and damping properties of the absorber are taken the same. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the absorber parameters. Two cases are considered in the numerical examples. The first case is when we have twin buildings, in which each structure’s mass, stiffness, and damping are the same. The second case is when the structure stiffnesses are different, one is the stiff structure, and another is the flexible one. Several dampers’ constraints are considered to see the possibilities of the connected absorber to reduce the structural responses. The simulations of the structures subjected to four selected ground excitations were carried out to show the absorbers’ performance in reducing the structures’ response with different percentages of reductions.
Improvement of structural performance of RC Beams with external reinforcement method: an experimental investigation
Authors: Sukamta  , Hidayat B A , Tudjono S , Saputra A T 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The old existing RC structures around the world need to be examined and reinforced to increase their capacity for different reasons. Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) is believed to be the most efficient system to retrofit and improve the strength of the RC members. However, in certain cases, engineers need to utilize the combination of flexural and shear FRP systems, which was not mandated in the standard code. Therefore, this research was focused on the structural behavior of RC beams strengthened with a flexural and shear FRP combination. The beam specimens were tested for failure under a two-point load configuration and the confining effect of the FRP was also investigated. The finding of the experimental test revealed the enhancement of the load capacity and ductility performed in RC beams. The specimen failure was indicated by the concrete crushing at the top part of the beam and the yield condition at the bottom longitudinal reinforcement. It was also discovered that the externally bonded FRP system could confine the concrete and result in the enhancement of ductility and compressive strength. The evidence presents the understanding of the structural behavior of the RC beam strengthened with the combination of flexural and shear FRP systems.
The ratio between flexural strength to compressive strength of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Evin  , Rachmansyah  
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Building infrastructure always chooses to use strong materials, low costs, easy maintenance and easily available materials. One of these materials is normal concrete which is one of the normal concrete making materials using Portland cement. The process of making Portland cement can cause damage to the environment due to greenhouse emissions, so research is needed to create environmentally friendly concrete, one of which is geopolymer concrete. In geopolymer concrete there is still not too much research done when compared to normal concrete. In this study want to know the relationship between the compressive strength results and the flexural strength results in geopolymer concrete which is represented by a formula in the form of a ratio of the results of the two tests. The ratio obtained from the study will be compared with the ratio of ACI 318 0.62

fc
′

. The compressive strength test used a cylindrical specimen with a size of 15×30 cm and a flexural strength test used a beam-shaped test object with a size of 53×15×15 cm. The results of the research that have been carried out have obtained the ratio of compressive strength and flexural strength in geopolymer concrete 0.477

fc
′

where the ratio value is below the ratio set by ACI 318.
The application of high-grade steel to the road barrier design for the construction project cost efficiency
Authors: Soekardjo Gunadi , Aji Sentosa G , Aryadi Arry , Wibawa Eri Dwi , Batubara Erwin , Widodo Trianto Puguh , Putri Annisa Dewanti 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Steel is a construction material that has been used in the construction field for a long time, so we need to consider more about the quality and the grading. Meanwhile, the cost of steel is so high that it will also impact the implementation. On this occasion, Hutama Karya Group in the collaboration with PT Bhirawa Steel has done research and innovation to the High-Grade Steel Structure, especially for type 520 MPa reinforcing steel which includes the development of Tensile strength, Yield Strength, Elongation from the strength of the materials. High-Grade Steel will be a solution to the cost efficiency of construction. Nowadays, the usages are only permitted for the non-structural part based on the written requirement from National Standard in Indonesia (SNI 2847: 2019), even though the test requirements for structural needs are already fulfilled. The purpose of this study was to apply it to the road barrier design along one of the sections of the Trans-Sumatera Toll Road which has a total length of a section of 58 kilometres. The usage of High-Grade Steel has proven to reduce the total weight needs of the reinforcing bar which may cut the cost by around 26 percent for the Road Barrier design. This study may be one of the proofs of the cost-efficient use of High-Grade Steel materials. Therefore, in further study, the testing reference which has been included in the structural use of the high-grade steel can be the supporting reference to be included in the SNI.
Introduction of business continuity plan for small and medium-sized local construction companies and restoration activities in Japan in the event of natural disasters
Authors: Okuno I 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In recent years, Japan has suffered significant damage due to natural disasters such as major earthquakes and flood Construction companies are expected to play an important role during natural disasters and respond quickly and restore infrastructure. The first author runs a small local construction company in Okayama, Japan. During a flood in 2011 at Okayama, the embankment restoring site turned extremely dangerous for workers. At this juncture, the first author, in the capacity of a company manager, identified the safety and administrative issues, and in 2013, the company began to implement BCP. When there was heavy flooding in Okayama in 2017, they supported the administration in recovery operations based on their BCP. The impact of BCP is to be acknowledged as the emergency operations were safer and timelier. BCP of the company has been continuously improved, and they were invited to join infrastructure recovery activities in the disaster area of Great East Japan Earthquake in 2019. The area is not the usual business region of the company, but 1,000 km away. There is a high requirement for human resources and equipment for emergency and recovery activities immediately after a disaster. Most of the construction companies are small and locally based in Japan, and several resources available at the construction site itself for initial recovery activities. It is desirable to prepare a plan so that the affected companies themselves can respond. The main tasks are the training of personnel to provide guidance and support for BCP, and the development of systems and laws that can actively support activities. By capturing accurate information on resources of local construction companies, their capability and response speed during an emergency can be improved. It is also necessary to create a system to receive support from other companies or organizations in case self-help is difficult or insufficient.
Analysis capacity of U-turn movement at median opening using microsimulation PTV Vissim (case study: median opening Jl. Prof. Soedarto, SH. Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia)
Authors: Karimi M B U Al , Haryadi B , Setiadji B H 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The median opening is a facility for turning vehicles, but when traffic flow is too high can become a congestion point. Congestion due to the volume of turning vehicles turning over capacity. Based on these problems, it is necessary to know the U-turn movement capacity of the median opening. In addition, analytical capacity calculations have limitations in practical simulations similar to traffic conditions in the field. The purpose of this study was to compare the capacity of U-turn movement of light vehicle (LV) at median opening using two methods, that is, Harder model and PTV Vissim microsimulation which was validated by the capacity of field measurements. Two median opening located on Jl. Prof. Soedarto, S.H., Tembalang, Semarang, that is, Polines and Tembalang exit toll median opening, were selected as case studies. The results showed that the PTV Vissim microsimulation could outperform the Harder model in estimating the capacity of U-turn movement for LV vehicles at median opening. The inconsistent behavior of the drivers when they make U-turn, together with the geometry of the median openings, contributed to the significant errors produced by Harder model.
Process chain for forming and consolidating fiber-reinforced thermoplastics and metallic sheets in a two-stage isothermal tool
Authors: Behrens B-A , Raatz A , Hübner S , Farahmand E , Albracht L , Fünfkirchler T , Yarcu S , Schumann C , Wehmeyer J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Due to their good mechanical properties and low structural weight, multi-material structures are a promising approach in the automotive industry to lightweight design, body construction and functionalization. Especially metal and plastic are mainly combined to achieve improved properties of the final component compared to mono-material structures. This paper describes the development of a manufacturing cell for the joint forming and heat-assisted press joining of steels and continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastics in the form of unidirectional carbon-fiber tapes. In order to achieve shorter cycle times and to ensure economical production, a manufacturing cell, supplemented with automated handling by means of two robots and an isothermal, two forming stages tool concept was developed and tested. The composite components produced were tested with regard to their mechanical performance. The feasibility of the production was demonstrated. All composite components had a higher specific load capacity than a pure steel component. Cycle times of well under 60 seconds were achieved. An enormous reduction in process time compared to variothermal tool concepts could be achieved with the new manufacturing cell.
Investigation on evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of heat-treatable 6010-S aluminium alloy during gas-based hot sheet metal forming process
Authors: Teeuwen T , Baru N K , Bailly D , Hirt G 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Modern hot sheet metal forming processes offer the opportunity, especially in the automotive sector, to meet current demands for ultra-lightweight design. Due to the increased formability at the high process temperatures, high-strength aluminium alloys are increasingly coming into the focus of the industry. However, the complex thermo-mechanical interactions within these processes can lead to undesirable microstructural changes that could have a negative impact on the final mechanical properties. The purpose of this work is therefore to investigate the microstructural evolution of age-hardenable EN AW 6010-S alloy in the course of a modern gas-based sheet metal forming process and to quantify its influence on the resulting mechanical T6 properties. For this purpose, two different components were first formed at laboratory scale and the areas of microstructural interest were identified. Metallographic examinations and EBSD measurements were performed to visualize the influence of process temperature and deformation on the microstructure. EDX analysis helped to identify non-metallic phases. In the next step, artificial aging of the components was performed to increase the mechanical properties. Tensile tests and hardness measurements showed that the deformation and temperature have no negative influence on the final mechanical properties of the alloy.
Numerical and experimental investigation of hole flangeability of AA6061 alloy
Authors: Kumar V , Ravi Kumar D 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Hole flangeability is a measure of edge formability or local formability, and it is important for forming processes like stretch flanging. Hole flangeability of sheet metals is evaluated by determination of hole expansion ratio (HER) using a standard hole expansion test (HET). In the present work, numerical and experimental investigation of hole flangeability has been carried out on 1.6mm thick AA6061 alloy sheets. The material model plays an important role in the accuracy of predicted results in numerical simulations. The simulations have been carried out using two different work hardening laws (Swift and Voce). The failure has been predicted using the experimentally determined forming limit curve (FLC) of AA6061 alloy sheets. HER and thickness have been predicted along the edge of the expanded hole by simulation. The predicted HER and thinning from FE simulation have been validated experimentally by performing hole expansion tests according to ISO 16630-2009 using a conical punch. The predicted results have been found to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Study on the ultrasonic-assisted spinning of thin-walled cylindrical parts with longitudinal and transverse ribs
Authors: Li Shuangli , Zhao Yixi , Yu Zhongqi , Li Shuhui 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Current studies have shown that the application of composite energy fields in the plastic forming process can help reduce the forming load and promote material flow. In this paper, a new method of ultrasonic-assisted spinning integral forming for thin-walled cylindrical parts with outer ribs was proposed, which could not only improve the manufacturing efficiency of ribbed cylindrical parts, but also further improve the forming height of outer ribs. A simulation model of ultrasonic-assisted spinning for thin-walled cylindrical parts with longitudinal and transverse outer ribs was established, the influence of ultrasonic amplitude on the forming accuracy of longitudinal and transverse outer ribs was obtained, and the mechanism of ultrasonic vibration improving the forming accuracy of ribs was revealed. On this basis, ultrasonic-assisted spinning equipment was built to verify the feasibility of this process. The results showed that with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude, the forming height of longitudinal and transverse outer ribs gradually increases, and the effect of raising the forming height of transverse ribs is higher than that of longitudinal ribs. In addition, as the ultrasonic amplitude increases, the uniformity of the forming morphology of the outer rib is not obviously improved. The spinning of the outer rib is mainly realized by the material in the form of integral filling into the groove. The ultrasonic vibration improves the material flow properties, and promotes the filling of the material into the rib groove, thereby increasing the spinning forming height of the outer ribs. The forming height of the outer rib was measured with or without ultrasonic vibration. When the rolling reduction is 1 mm, the average forming height of the outer ribs is increased by 50% compared with that without ultrasound, which provides a new research idea for the integral forming of the spinning of thin-walled cylindrical parts with longitudinal and transverse ribs.
Partial resistance tempering of hot-stamped components made of 22MnB5 for subsequent bending
Authors: Behrens B A , Hübner S , Herbst S , Albracht L , Wehmeyer J , Yarcu S , Müller P , Farahmand E 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The manganese-boron alloy 22MnB5 is particularly used for structural and safety-relevant parts in the automotive industry. Parts made from this alloy are usually produced using the hot forming process. Here, the sheet is heated to over 950 °C using an industrial roller hearth furnace. The heated sheet is then simultaneously formed and quenched in a cooled tool with a temperature gradient of more than 27 K/s. This leads to the formation of a martensitic microstructure with a hardness value of over 450 HV10 and an elongation at break of less than 6%. The small strain potential of such components makes them difficult to form after hot-stamping. Due to the high temperature gradients of resistance heating, a sheet can be heat-treated locally without a large temperature transition zone. This can be used to locally soften already hot-stamped components for subsequent operations such as bending. Within the scope of this paper, resistance heating is used to soften a hot-stamped 22MnB5+AlSi sheet stripe of 3 mm width. The sheet could consequently be bent over an angle of 90° without cracking the substrate.
Measurement and prediction methods for forming limit strain of stretch bending deformation in sheet metal forming
Authors: Taguchi Y , Maeda Y , Maeda Y 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this study, a new test method using protruding punch was proposed, that can separate bending and stretching deformations. In this test, the blank makes simultaneous contact with the punch head and shoulder to ensure a constant bending angle during the test. After the simultaneous contact, increasing the punch stroke increases the amount of stretch deformation without changing the bending deformation. In addition, this test method can control the inflow of materials by controlling the BHF, and it is possible to evaluate cracks during stretch bending deformation even for materials with low forming limits. This test can control the distribution of strain through the thickness. As a result, the measurable surface formation limit strain in this test was higher than FLC with uniform strain along the thickness. It is suggested that this is because the strain gradient through the thickness delayed the timing of necking occurrence. There is a linear relationship between this strain gradient and the maximum principal strain on the sheet surface, which can be applied to the prediction of stretch-bending cracks in FEM analysis.
Development of a new cyclic shear test setup for characterizing thin metallic foils
Authors: Karadogan C , Beck M , Cyron P , Riedmüller K R , Liewald M 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecent developments aimed at reducing cumulative CO2emissions in the energy sector and e-mobility are leading to an increase in the production volumes of formed components made from thin metallic foils used for alternative energy supply concepts. Thus, components such as bipolar plates in fuel cells and a variety of parts in e-motors and batteries are being manufactured in ever higher quantities and thinner material thicknesses. As a consequence, this leads to increased challenges regarding the feasibility and robustness of required production processes. Finite Element Analysis in fact do represent a useful tool in this context to predict and to optimize expected outcome of forming processes virtually at an early stage of development. The prediction accuracy of such simulation codes thereby significantly depends on the precision of modelling the sheet metal material behavior, which is derived from special characterization methods. However, classical approaches to mechanical characterization usually tend to fail in case of thin metallic foils, especially when the structural stability of the specimen becomes an important factor for the validity of the characterization test. The cyclic shear test, for example, is used to determine the hardening behavior of the material to be characterized, but appear unsuitable for metallic foil investigations unless a special anti-wrinkling device is used. Current anti-wrinkling devices proposed in literature must be attached directly to the deforming area of the specimen and cause further weaknesses. Attaching such devices to prevent the specimen from wrinkling requires remarkable skills of the operator to avoid deforming of the specimen even before testing. Against this background, this paper presents a novel experimental setup, which increases the structural stability of the cyclic shear specimen and thus prevents wrinkling. Structural stability of specimen is enhanced by curving the gauge area of the specimen to drastically suppress the tendency to wrinkle. As a proof of concept FE-simulations with LS-Dyna were performed in this study to verify this novel idea and to design a suitable experimental setup.