bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marginal Detachment Zones: The Fracture Factories of Ice Shelves?
Authors: Miele Chris , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Enderlin Ellyn M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractAlong the lateral margins of floating ice shelves in Greenland and Antarctica, ice flow past confining margins and pinning points is often accompanied by extensive rifting. Rifts in zones of marginal decoupling (“detachment zones”) typically propagate inward from the margins and result in many of Earth's largest calving events. Velocity maps of detachment zones indicate that flow through these regions is spatially transitioning from confined to unconfined ice shelf flow. We employ the software package icepack to demonstrate that longitudinally decreasing marginal resistance reproduces observed transitions in flow regime, and we show that these spatial transitions are accompanied by near‐margin tension sufficient to explain full‐thickness rifts. Thus, we suggest that zones of progressive decoupling are a primary control on ice shelf calving. The steadiness of detachment zone positions may be a good indicator of ice shelf vulnerability, with migratory or thinning detachment zones indicating shelves at risk of dynamic speedup and increased fracture.
Effect of different loads on the shoulder in abduction postures: a finite element analysis
Authors: Yang Zhengzhong , Xu Guangming , Yang Jiyong , Li Zhifei 
Published: June 2023

AbstractLoad can change the mechanical environment of dynamic and static stable structures of the shoulder joint, increase the risk of tissue damage and affect the stability of the shoulder joint, but its biomechanical mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, a finite element model of the shoulder joint was constructed to analyze the mechanical index changes of shoulder joint abduction under different loads. The stress of the articular side on the supraspinatus tendon was higher than that of the capsular side, with a maximum difference of 43% due to the increased load. For the deltoid muscle and glenohumeral ligaments, increases in stress and strain were obvious in the middle and posterior deltoid muscles and inferior glenohumeral ligaments. The above results indicate that load increases the stress difference between the articular side and the capsular side on the supraspinatus tendon and increases the mechanical indices of the middle and posterior deltoid muscles, as well as the inferior glenohumeral ligament. The increased stress and strain in these specific sites can lead to tissue injury and affect the stability of the shoulder joint.
Tirzepatid: GIP-/GLP-1-Rezeptoragonist zur Therapie des Typ-2-Diabetes – SURPASS-Studienprogramm
Authors: Aberle Jens , Forst Thomas , Heitmann Elke , Görgens Sven W , Seufert Jochen 
Published: June 2023

ZusammenfassungInnovative therapeutische Ansätze zur Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes (T2D) sollten idealerweise sowohl zur Senkung des glykierten Hämoglobins (HbA1c) als auch zur Gewichtsabnahme beitragen und eine überlegene Wirksamkeit gegenüber derzeit verfügbaren Behandlungsoptionen zeigen. Der Inkretinrezeptor-Agonist Tirzepatid (LY3298176) – entwickelt, um sowohl die Rezeptoren des Glukose-abhängigen insulinotropen Polypeptids (GIP) als auch des Glukagon-ähnlichen Peptids 1 (GLP-1) zu aktivieren – ist inzwischen in zahlreichen Ländern, einschließlich den USA und EU-Ländern, für die Behandlung des T2D zugelassen. Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit von Tirzepatid wurden im SURPASS-Programm klinischer Phase-3-Studien untersucht und hier zusammengefasst. Tirzepatid 5, 10 und 15 mg wurde als Monotherapie und in Kombination mit zugelassenen oralen Antidiabetika und/oder Insulin bei Patienten:innen mit T2D untersucht (in SURPASS 1 vs. Placebo; in SURPASS 2 vs. Semaglutid; in SURPASS 3 vs. Insulin degludec; in SURPASS 4 vs. Insulin glargin bei Patienten:innen mit erhöhtem kardiovaskulären Risiko; in SURPASS 5 vs. Placebo). Dabei waren über die SURPASS-1–5-Studien hinweg jegliche Tirzepatid-Behandlungsarme in Woche 40 oder 52 mit mittleren Senkungen des HbA1c von 1,87–2,59 % verbunden, die durchgehend signifikant größer waren als in den Vergleichsgruppen. Außerdem wirkte sich Tirzepatid in diesen Studien im Vergleich zu allen aktiven Vergleichspräparaten und Placebo überlegen auf die Körpergewichtsreduktion aus. Insgesamt weisen die verfügbaren Daten auf eine gute Verträglichkeit hin. Gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen sind vergleichbar mit denen anderer Inkretin-Agonisten und Tirzepatid zeigte außerdem eine sehr geringe Rate hypoglykämischer Ereignisse, was aufgrund seines Wirkmechanismus zu erwarten ist. Dank des neuartigen Wirkmechanismus und den damit verbundenen zusätzlichen klinischen Vorteilen konnte sich Tirzepatid als erster GIP/GLP-1-Rezeptoragonist seiner Klasse etablieren. Ebenfalls von großem Interesse werden die Ergebnisse der laufenden SURPASS-CVOT-Studie sein, die zum Verständnis möglicher kardiovaskulärer Vorteile von Tirzepatid – angesichts verbesserter glykämischer Kontrolle und Gewichtsreduktion – beitragen werden.
DepLink: an R Shiny app to systematically link genetic and pharmacologic dependencies of cancer
Authors: Nayak Tapsya , Wang Li-Ju , Ning Michael , Rubannelsonkumar Gabriela , Jin Eric , Zheng Siyuan , Houghton Peter J , Huang Yufei , Chiu Yu-Chiao , Chen Yidong 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Motivation
Large-scale genetic and pharmacologic dependency maps are generated to reveal genetic vulnerabilities and drug sensitivities of cancer. However, user-friendly software is needed to systematically link such maps.

Results
Here, we present DepLink, a web server to identify genetic and pharmacologic perturbations that induce similar effects on cell viability or molecular changes. DepLink integrates heterogeneous datasets of genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screens, high-throughput pharmacologic screens and gene expression signatures of perturbations. The datasets are systematically connected by four complementary modules tailored for different query scenarios. It allows users to search for potential inhibitors that target a gene (Module 1) or multiple genes (Module 2), mechanisms of action of a known drug (Module 3) and drugs with similar biochemical features to an investigational compound (Module 4). We performed a validation analysis to confirm the capability of our tool to link the effects of drug treatments to knockouts of the drug’s annotated target genes. By querying with a demonstrating example of CDK6, the tool identified well-studied inhibitor drugs, novel synergistic gene and drug partners and insights into an investigational drug. In summary, DepLink enables easy navigation, visualization and linkage of rapidly evolving cancer dependency maps.

Availability and implementation
The DepLink web server, demonstrating examples and detailed user manual are available at https://shiny.crc.pitt.edu/deplink/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Distribution of property at the termination of de facto unions (marriages by cohabitation/repute) in some African countries
Authors: Mujuzi Jamil Ddamulira 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many African countries have ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Article 16(1) of CEDAW provides for, inter alia, the right to equality in a marriage. The drafting history of Article 16 of CEDAW shows that the delegates agreed that the whole provision was applicable to women whether or not they were married. In its General Recommendation No. 29 on Marriage and Family Relations, the CEDAW Committee provides interpretive guidance for states on Article 16 and, inter alia, highlights the economic hardships that women face at the termination of de facto unions or relationships (marriages by cohabitation) and urged state parties to protect the economic rights of women in such relationships. African countries have approached the issue of de facto relationships in different ways. These approaches have also determined the manner in which the economic rights of parties to these relationships are protected. In some countries such as Malawi and Tanzania, legislation recognizes such unions. In Kenya, although these unions are not recognized by legislation, they are recognized by courts. Courts have also recognized some economic rights of parties therein. In Seychelles, a ‘hybrid’ approach has been followed in terms of which these rights are protected in both legislation and case law. In Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Rwanda, de facto unions are neither recognized in legislation nor in case law. However, courts have invoked principles from other branches of law such as the law of equity (constructive trusts and proprietary estoppel), partnerships and the right to property to protect the economic rights of the parties in these unions. In this article, the author demonstrates the approaches taken by courts in countries where de facto unions are not recognized by legislation (Uganda, South Africa, Zambia, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Namibia, Eswatini (Swaziland), and Rwanda) to protect the economic rights of the parties when these relationships are terminated.
Futile Resistance as Protest
Authors: Tweedy Flanigan Edmund 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Acts of futile resistance—harms against an aggressor which could not reasonably hope to avert the threat the aggressor poses—give rise to a puzzle: on the one hand, many such acts are intuitively permissible, yet on the other, these acts fail to meet the justificatory standards of defensive action. The most widely accepted solution to this puzzle is that victims in such cases permissibly defend against a secondary threat to their honour, dignity, or moral standing. I argue that this solution fails, because futile resistance is not plausibly regarded as defensive in the relevant sense. I propose instead that futile resistance is justified as a form of protest, where protest is analysed as an expression of rejection of victims’ wrongs. Such protest is justified, I argue, when and because it is the fitting response to the circumstances of futility.
9New Materialisms
Authors: Taylor Colleen 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe works reviewed in this year’s essay on New Materialisms raise queries about first-wave New Materialism and signal what some critics refer to as second-phase Neo-materialism. The ‘Neo’ or New Materialisms of 2022 increasingly commingle the rhetorical and the material and address the Western-centric focus of previous New Materialisms. The works reviewed here, including Rosi Braidotti’s ‘The Virtual as Affirmative Praxis: A Neo-Materialist Approach’, Anne Elvey’s Reading with Earth: Contributions of the New Materialism to an Ecological Feminist Hermeneutics, Nina Lykke’s Vibrant Death: A Posthuman Phenomenology of Mourning, and Clayton Crockett’s Energy and Change a New Materialist Cosmotheology, engage new intersections between New Materialist theory and decoloniality, making deliberate gestures to integrate the idea of vibrant materiality and Indigenous cultures. This review essay is divided into five parts: 1. Introduction; 2. Neo-Materialism; 3. Literary Studies; 4. Theology; 5. Postcolonialism/Decoloniality. The essay concludes that New Materialism may indeed be on the brink of a second phase, especially if decolonial New Materialism continues to be explored.
Unsaturated fatty acids uniquely alter aggregation rate of α‐synuclein and insulin and change the secondary structure and toxicity of amyloid aggregates formed in their presence
Authors: Matveyenka Mikhail , Zhaliazka Kiryl , Kurouski Dmitry 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDocosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids (ARA) are omega‐3 and omega‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs). These molecules constitute a substantial portion of phospholipids in plasma membranes. Therefore, both DHA and ARA are essential diet components. Once consumed, DHA and ARA can interact with a large variety of biomolecules, including proteins such as insulin and α‐synuclein (α‐Syn). Under pathological conditions known as injection amyloidosis and Parkinson's disease, these proteins aggregate forming amyloid oligomers and fibrils, toxic species that exert high cell toxicity. In this study, we investigate the role of DHA and ARA in the aggregation properties of α‐Syn and insulin. We found that the presence of both DHA and ARA at the equimolar concentrations strongly accelerated aggregation rates of α‐Syn and insulin. Furthermore, LCPUFAs substantially altered the secondary structure of protein aggregates, whereas no noticeable changes in the fibril morphology were observed. Nanoscale Infrared analysis of α‐Syn and insulin fibrils grown in the presence of both DHA and ARA revealed the presence of LCPUFAs in these aggregates. We also found that such LCPUFAs‐rich α‐Syn and insulin fibrils exerted significantly greater toxicities compared to the aggregates grown in the LCPUFAs‐free environment. These findings show that interactions between amyloid‐associated proteins and LCPUFAs can be the underlying molecular cause of neurodegenerative diseases.
Combined effects of P25 TiO2nanoparticles and disposable face mask leachate on microalgaeScenedesmus obliquus: Analysing the effects of heavy metals
Authors: Das Soupam , Mukherjee Amitava 
Published: June 2023

AbstractDisposable surgical masks have been extensively employed as protective medical equipment due to the widespread breakout and transmission of the COVID-19 virus across the globe. These masks were made up of plastic polymer materials that would emit microplastics after entering the environment. Therefore, their careless disposal might lead to new and bigger microplastic contamination. The impacts of plastics that seep into waterways and their subsequent interactions with aquatic life are yet largely unexplored. In this study, we determined the quantity and kind of microplastics that were discharged from disposable surgical face masks. Furthermore, we also quantified heavy metals leached from the face masks (HML). In contrast, the increasing usage of nTiO2in consumer items has led to its ubiquitous presence in freshwater systems. Four different concentrations of nTiO2, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mg L-1were mixed with face mask leachates (FML) to perform the mixture toxicity test on freshwater algae,Scenedesmus obliquus. Reduced cell viability and photosynthetic activity were noticed in the treatment groups containing nTiO2and FML. This was accompanied by increased oxidative stress and antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the heavy metals leached from the face masks were also tested for toxicity. In addition to that, changes in the cellular morphology were also studied with the help of FE-SEM and FTIR analysis. Our study reveals that leachates from disposable surgical face masks along with nTiO2possess a serious threat to the environment.Environmental significanceDuring COVID-19, surgical face masks were widely used and discarded. These discarded face masks end up in lakes, rivers, and ponds. The facemasks were composed of polypropylene and other polymers. These masks release microplastics and heavy metals when discarded into water bodies. The current research focuses on assessing the environmental toxicity of the microplastics and heavy metals leached from the masks using algae as a model system. Our work further demonstrates the combined toxic effects of nTiO2in the presence of the face mask leachate. Algae plays a crucial role as the primary producer in the freshwater ecosystem. These emerging contaminants may act as environmental stressors to the microalgae, and this may impair the ecosystem’s structure and function.
Machine learning to construct an mRPS risk prognostic model for directing immunotherapy in patients with breast cancer based on the mCAF signature genes
Authors: Huang Biaojie , Chen Qiurui , Ye Zhiyun , Zeng Lin , Huang Cuibing , Xie Yuting , Zhang Rongxin , Shen Han 
Published: June 2023

Withdrawal statementThe authors have withdrawn their manuscript owing to the identification of inadequate informed consent procedures in this research. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding author.
Determinants of First‐Ever Stroke Severity in West Africans: Evidence From the SIREN Study
Authors: Adebayo Oladimeji , Akpa Onoja , Asowata Osahon J. , Fakunle Adekunle , Sarfo Fred S. , Akpalu Albert , Wahab Kolawole , Obiako Reginald , Komolafe Morenikeji , Owolabi Lukman , Osaigbovo Godwin O. , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Sunmonu Taofiki , Tiwari Hemant K. , Jenkins Carolyn , Arulogun Oyedunni , Appiah Lambert , Akinyemi Joshua , Adeoye Abiodun M. , Ogbole Godwin , Yaria Joseph , Arnett Donna , Adebayo Philip , Calys‐Tagoe Benedict , Ogah Okechukwu S. , Balogun Olayemi , Ogunjimi Luqman , Mensah Yaw , Agbogu‐Ike Obiageli U. , Akinyemi Rufus , Ovbiagele Bruce , Owolabi Mayowa O. , Adebayo Oladimeji , Akpa Onoja , Asowata Osahon J. , Fakunle Adekunle , Sarfo Fred S. , Akpalu Albert , Wahab Kolawole , Obiako Reginald , Komolafe Morenikeji , Owolabi Lukman , Osaigbovo Godwin O. , Okekunle Akinkunmi Paul , Sunmonu Taofiki , Tiwari Hemant K. , Jenkins Carolyn , Arulogun Oyedunni , Appiah Lambert , Akinyemi Joshua , Adeoye Abiodun M. , Ogbole Godwin , Yaria Joseph , Arnett Donna , Adebayo Philip , Calys‐Tagoe Benedict , Ogah Okechukwu S. , Balogun Olayemi , Ogunjimi Luqman , Mensah Yaw , Agbogu‐Ike Obiageli U. , Akinyemi Rufus , Ovbiagele Bruce , Owolabi Mayowa 
Published: June 2023

Background
Baseline stroke severity is probably partly responsible for poor stroke outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa. However, there is a paucity of information on determinants of stroke severity among indigenous Africans. We sought to identify the factors associated with stroke severity among West Africans in the SIREN (Stroke Investigative Research and Educational Networks) study.

Methods and Results

Stroke was diagnosed clinically and confirmed with brain neuroimaging. Severe stroke was defined as a Stroke Levity Scale score of ≤5. A multivariate logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with stroke severity at 95% CI and a nominal cutoff of 5% type 1 error. A total of 3660 stroke cases were included. Overall, 50.7%% had severe stroke, including 47.6% of all ischemic strokes and 56.1% of intracerebral hemorrhage. Factors independently associated with severe stroke were meat consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97 [95% CI, 1.43–2.73]), low vegetable consumption (aOR, 2.45 [95% CI, 1.93–3.12]), and lesion volume, with an aOR of 1.67 (95% CI, 1.03–2.72) for lesion volume of 10 to 30 cm
3
and aOR of 3.88 (95% CI, 1.93–7.81) for lesion volume >30 cm
3
. Severe ischemic stroke was independently associated with total anterior circulation infarction (aOR, 3.1 [95% CI, 1.5–6.9]), posterior circulation infarction (aOR, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.1–4.2]), and partial anterior circulation infarction (aOR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.2–3.3]) compared with lacunar stroke. Increasing age (aOR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.3–5.2]) and lesion volume >30 cm
3
(aOR, 6.2 [95% CI, 2.0–19.3]) were independently associated with severe intracerebral hemorrhage.

Conclusions
Severe stroke is common among indigenous West Africans, where modifiable dietary factors are independently associated with it. These factors could be targeted to reduce the burden of severe stroke.
Validation of “Life's Essential 8” Metrics With Cardiovascular Structural Status in Children: The PROC Study in China
Authors: Shu Wen , Li Menglong , Xiao Huidi , Amaerjiang Nubiya , Khattab Nourhan M. , Zunong Jiawulan , Guan Mengying , Vermund Sten H. , Hu Yifei 
Published: June 2023

Background
Life's Essential 8 (LE8) metrics for cardiovascular health (CVH) aid primordial prevention in US populations.

Methods and Results

We conducted a child cohort study (PROC [Beijing Child Growth and Health Cohort]) with baseline (2018–2019) and follow‐up (2020–2021) assessments, enrolling disease‐free 6‐ to 10‐year‐old children from 6 elementary schools in Beijing. We collected LE8‐assessed components via questionnaire surveys and 3 cardiovascular structural parameters by 2‐dimensional M‐mode echocardiography: left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index, and carotid intima‐media thickness. Compared with 1914 participants (mean age, 6.6 years) at baseline, we saw lower mean CVH scores at follow‐up (n=1789; 8.5 years). Among LE8 components, diet presented the lowest perfect‐score prevalence (5.1%). Only 18.6% of participants had physical activity ≥420 min/wk, 55.9% had nicotine exposure, and 25.2% had abnormal sleep duration. Prevalence of overweight/obesity was 26.8% at baseline and 38.2% at follow‐up. We noted optimal blood lipid scores in 30.7%, while 12.9% of children had abnormal fasting glucose. Normal BP was 71.6% at baseline and 60.3% at follow‐up. LVM (g), LVM index (g/m
2.7
), and carotid intima‐media thickness (mm) were significantly lower in children with high (56.8, 33.2, 0.35) or moderate CVH scores (60.6, 34.6, 0.36), compared with children with low CVH scores (67.9, 37.1, 0.37). Adjusting for age/sex, LVM (β=11.8 [95% CI, 3.5–20.0];
P
=0.005), LVM index (β=4.4 [95% CI, 0.5–8.3];
P
=0.027), and carotid intima‐media thickness (β=0.016 [95% CI, 0.002–0.030];
P
=0.028) were higher in the low‐CVH group.

Conclusions
CVH scores were suboptimal, declining with age. LE8 metrics indicated worse CVH in children with abnormal cardiovascular structural measurements, suggesting the validity of LE8 in assessing child CVH.

Registration

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn/index.html
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR2100044027.
Hepatic Venous Stasis Index Reflects Hepatic Congestion and Predicts Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Ohara Himika , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Ishibashi Shinji , Matsuda Mitsuko , Yamadera Yukio , Sugawara Yukiko , Ichijo Yasuhiro , Sato Yu , Misaka Tomofumi , Sato Takamasa , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Takeishi Yasuchika 
Published: June 2023

Background
It has been reported that the hepatic vein waveforms determined by abdominal ultrasonography can assess hepatic congestion in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the parameter that quantifies hepatic vein waveforms has not been established. We suggest the hepatic venous stasis index (HVSI) as the novel indicator to evaluate hepatic congestion quantitatively. To examine the clinical significance of HVSI in patients with HF, we aimed to clarify the associations of HVSI with the parameters of cardiac function and right heart catheterization, as well as that with prognosis, in patients with HF.

Methods and Results

We performed abdominal ultrasonography, echocardiography, and right heart catheterization in patients with HF (n=513). The patients were divided into 3 groups based on HVSI as follows: HVSI 0 (HVSI=0, n=253), low HVSI (HVSI 0.01–0.20, n=132), and high HVSI (HVSI>0.20, n=128). We examined the associations of HVSI with parameters of cardiac function and right heart catheterization and followed up for cardiac events defined as cardiac death or worsening HF. There was a significant increase in level of B‐type natriuretic peptide, inferior vena cava diameter, and mean right atrial pressure with increasing HVSI. During the follow‐up period, cardiac events occurred in 87 patients. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, cardiac event rate increased across increasing HVSI (log‐rank,
P
=0.002).

Conclusions
HVSI assessed by abdominal ultrasonography reflects hepatic congestion and right‐sided HF and is associated with adverse prognosis in patients with HF.