bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ordovician geology of the Sibumasu Block, SE Asia
Authors: Agematsu Sachiko , Oo Thura 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
This paper describes the Ordovician stratigraphy of the Sibumasu Block, which formed part of equatorial peri-Gondwana during the early Paleozoic, and summarizes the palaeoenvironmental conditions that prevailed during that time. Upper Cambrian sequences are commonly dominated by coarse-grained clastic rocks of shallow-marine origin. The lithology of the Lower Ordovician varies from region to region, with fine-grained clastic rocks in the Shan Plateau, shallow-marine clastic rocks in northern to western Thailand and shallow-marine carbonate rocks in southern Thailand to northwestern Malaysia. Middle Ordovician strata consist entirely of shallow- to deeper-water carbonate rocks, with the exception of turbidites in midwestern Malaysia. Upper Ordovician rocks show an overall deeper environment, and the uppermost Ordovician consists of pelagic and deeper, fine-grained clastic rocks. On the basis of palaeobiogeographical data, the Sibumasu Block was adjacent to Western Australia throughout the early Paleozoic. Upper Cambrian rhyolitic rocks in the Shan Plateau and Lower–Middle Ordovician volcanics in midwestern Malaysia may have formed as a result of tectonomagmatism associated with the subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean plate into the northern Gondwanan margin. The close similarity of Late Ordovician fossil assemblages from Sibumasu and South China may be due to a sea-level rise during this time.
Trace element release from Bowland Shale into spring water in Lancashire
Authors: Armstrong Joseph Graham Trevor , Parnell John , Boyce Adrian Joseph , Perez Magali 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
A sulfurous spring emerges at an outcrop of Bowland Shale Formation on Crimpton Brook, Lancashire. The spring is marked by the precipitation of white and yellow jarosite. Comparable light sulfur isotope compositions suggest that the jarosite was derived from surface oxidation of pyritic shale. The shale contains anomalous concentrations of selenium and other trace elements, in common with other exposures of the Bowland Shale Formation in the north of England. The selenium is resident in the pyrite, and was released during oxidation and incorporated into the jarosite in Crimpton Brook. The small scale of the water flow at the site and the remote situation pose no environmental problem, but the data exemplify the potential danger of pyrite weathering into groundwater on a larger scale.
A Phase Ib/II Trial of Combined BRAF and EGFR Inhibition inBRAFV600E Positive Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Other Cancers: The EVICT (Erlotinib and Vemurafenib In Combination Trial) Study
Authors: Tan Lavinia , Tran Ben , Tie Jeanne , Markman Ben , Ananda Sumi , Tebbutt Niall C. , Michael Michael , Link Emma , Wong Stephen Q. , Chandrashekar Sushma , Guinto Jerick , Ritchie David , Koldej Rachel , Solomon Benjamin J. , McArthur Grant A. , Hicks Rodney J. , Gibbs Peter , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Desai Jayesh 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurpose:BRAF V600E mutant metastatic colorectal cancer represents a significant clinical problem, with combination approaches being developed clinically with oral BRAF inhibitors combined with EGFR-targeting antibodies. While compelling preclinical data have highlighted the effectiveness of combination therapy with vemurafenib and small-molecule EGFR inhibitors, gefitinib or erlotinib, in colorectal cancer, this therapeutic strategy has not been investigated in clinical studies.Patients and Methods:We conducted a phase Ib/II dose-escalation/expansion trial investigating the safety/efficacy of the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and EGFR inhibitor erlotinib.Results:Thirty-two patients with BRAF V600E positive metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and 7 patients with other cancers were enrolled. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in escalation, with vemurafenib 960 mg twice daily with erlotinib 150 mg daily selected as the recommended phase II dose. Among 31 evaluable patients with mCRC and 7 with other cancers, overall response rates were 32% [10/31, 16% (5/31) confirmed] and 43% (3/7), respectively, with clinical benefit rates of 65% and 100%. Early ctDNA dynamics were predictive of treatment efficacy, and serial ctDNA monitoring revealed distinct patterns of convergent genomic evolution associated with acquired treatment resistance, with frequent emergence of MAPK pathway alterations, including polyclonal KRAS, NRAS, and MAP2K1 mutations, and MET amplification.Conclusions:The Erlotinib and Vemurafenib In Combination Trial study demonstrated a safe and novel combination of two oral inhibitors targeting BRAF and EGFR. The dynamic assessment of serial ctDNA was a useful measure of underlying genomic changes in response to this combination and in understanding potential mechanisms of resistance.
On the Choice of Longitudinal Models for the Analysis of Antitumor Efficacy in Mouse Clinical Trials of Patient-derived Xenograft Models
Authors: Savel Hélène , Barbier Sandrine , Proust-Lima Cécile , Rondeau Virginie , Thiébaut Rodolphe , Meyer-Losic Florence , Richert Laura 
Published: January 2023

In translational oncology research, the patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model and its use in mouse clinical trials (MCT) are increasingly described. This involves transplanting a human tumor into a mouse and studying its evolution during follow-up or until death. A MCT contains several PDXs in which several mice are randomized to different treatment arms. Our aim was to compare longitudinal modeling of tumor growth using mixed and joint models.Mixed and joint models were compared in a real MCT (N = 225 mice) to estimate the effect of a chemotherapy and a simulation study. Mixed models assume that death is predictable by observed tumor volumes (data missing at random, MAR) while the joint models assume that death depends on nonobserved tumor volumes (data missing not at random, MNAR).In the real dataset, of 103 deaths, 97 mice were sacrificed when reaching a predetermined tumor size (MAR data). Joint and mixed model estimates of tumor growth slopes differed significantly [0.24 (0.13;0.36)log(mm3)/week for mixed model vs. −0.02 [−0.16;0.11] for joint model]. By disrupting the MAR process of mice deaths (inducing MNAR process), the estimate of the joint model was 0.24 [0.04;0.45], close to mixed model estimation for the original dataset. The simulation results confirmed the bias in the slope estimate from the joint model.Using a MCT example, we show that joint model can provide biased estimates under MAR mechanisms of dropout. We thus recommend to carefully choose the statistical model according to nature of mice deaths.Significance:This work brings new arguments to a controversy on the correct choice of statistical modeling methods for the analysis of MCTs. We conclude that mixed models are more robust than joint models.
Frequency of Thrombectomy in Early and Late Postonset Time Windows Among Emergency Medical Services Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bosson Nichole , Saver Jeffrey L. , Lyden Patrick D. , Gausche‐Hill Marianne 
Published: January 2023

Background
With recent trials demonstrating benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) up to 24 hours from last known well time (LKWT), emergency medical services systems must consider stroke center routing for patients with LKWT ≤24 hours. We sought to determine the frequency of thrombectomy by prehospital‐determined LKWT using retrospective data from a tiered regional stroke care system.

Methods
During the July 2018 to March 2019 study period, patients with potential large‐vessel occlusion, based on a Los Angeles Motor Scale of 4 or 5, were routed directly to a designated EVT center if within 30 minutes. We determined the frequency of thrombectomy by time intervals from prehospital‐determined LKWT to first medical contact.

Results
Emergency medical services transported 830 patients with acute ischemic stroke with documented prehospital‐determined LKWT ≤24 hours to EVT centers. The ≤6 hours, >6 to ≤16 hours, and >16 to ≤24 hours epochs accounted for 75%, 20%, and 5% of transports to EVT centers, respectively. Men accounted for 47% of the study population, with a median age of 77 years (interquartile range, 64–86 years) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale median of 11 (interquartile range, 4–20). Overall, 28.2% (234/830) received EVT. Time window–specific EVT frequencies were: ≤6 hours (29.8% of patients [187/627]); >6 to ≤16 hours (24.1% of patients [39/162]); and >16 to ≤24 hours (19.5% of [8/41]).

Conclusion
In this regional stroke system with 2‐tiered routing, patients in the >6‐ to 24‐hour postonset window accounted for nearly one fourth of transports to EVT centers and 23% received thrombectomy.
Rule and Exemplar-based Transfer in Category Learning
Authors: Liu Zhiya , Liao Siyao , Seger Carol A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We compared the neural systems involved in transfer to novel stimuli via rule application versus exemplar processing. Participants learned a categorization task involving abstraction of a complex rule and then categorized different types of transfer stimuli without feedback. Rule stimuli used new features and therefore could only be categorized using the rule. Exemplar stimuli included only one of the features necessary to apply the rule and therefore required participants to categorize based on similarity to individual previously learned category members. Consistent and inconsistent stimuli were formed so that both the rule and feature similarity indicated the same category (consistent) or opposite categories (inconsistent). We found that all conditions eliciting rule-based transfer recruited a medial prefrontal–anterior hippocampal network associated with schematic memory. In contrast, exemplar-based transfer recruited areas of the intraparietal sulcus associated with learning and executing stimulus-category mappings along with the posterior hippocampus. These results support theories of categorization that postulate complementary learning and generalization strategies based on schematic and exemplar mechanisms.
Leveraging Prior Knowledge to Support Short-term Memory: Exploring the Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Race Elizabeth , Tobin Hope , Verfaellie Mieke 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
It is well established that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) plays a critical role in memory consolidation and the retrieval of remote long-term memories. Recent evidence suggests that the vmPFC also supports rapid neocortical learning and consolidation over shorter timescales, particularly when novel events align with stored knowledge. One mechanism by which the vmPFC has been proposed to support this learning is by integrating congruent information into existing neocortical knowledge during memory encoding. An important outstanding question is whether the vmPFC also plays a critical role in linking congruent information with existing knowledge before storage in long-term memory. The current study investigated this question by testing whether lesions to the vmPFC disrupt the ability to leverage stored knowledge in support of short-term memory. Specifically, we investigated the visuospatial bootstrapping effect, the phenomenon whereby immediate verbal recall of visually presented stimuli is better when stimuli appear in a familiar visuospatial array that is congruent with prior knowledge compared with an unfamiliar visuospatial array. We found that the overall magnitude of the bootstrapping effect did not differ between patients with vmPFC lesions and controls. However, a reliable bootstrapping effect was not present in the patient group alone. Post hoc analysis of individual patient performance revealed that the bootstrapping effect did not differ from controls in nine patients but was reduced in two patients. Although mixed, these results suggest that vmPFC lesions do not uniformly disrupt the ability to leverage stored knowledge in support of short-term memory.
The role of epidemic spreading in seizure dynamics and epilepsy surgery
Authors: Millán Ana P. , van Straaten Elisabeth C. W. , Stam Cornelis J. , Nissen Ida A. , Idema Sander , Baayen Johannes C. , Van Mieghem Piet , Hillebrand Arjan 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Epilepsy surgery is the treatment of choice for drug-resistant epilepsy patients, but only leads to seizure freedom for roughly two in three patients. To address this problem, we designed a patient-specific epilepsy surgery model combining large-scale magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain networks with an epidemic spreading model. This simple model was enough to reproduce the stereo-tactical electroencephalography (SEEG) seizure propagation patterns of all patients (N = 15), when considering the resection areas (RA) as the epidemic seed. Moreover, the goodness of fit of the model predicted surgical outcome. Once adapted for each patient, the model can generate alternative hypothesis of the seizure onset zone and test different resection strategies in silico. Overall, our findings indicate that spreading models based on patient-specific MEG connectivity can be used to predict surgical outcomes, with better fit results and greater reduction on seizure propagation linked to higher likelihood of seizure freedom after surgery. Finally, we introduced a population model that can be individualized by considering only the patient-specific MEG network, and showed that it not only conserves but improves the group classification. Thus, it may pave the way to generalize this framework to patients without SEEG recordings, reduce the risk of overfitting and improve the stability of the analyses.
Characterizing heterogeneity in early adolescent reward networks and individualized associations with behavioral and clinical outcomes
Authors: Mattoni Matthew , Smith David V. , Olino Thomas M. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Associations between connectivity networks and behavioral outcomes such as depression are typically examined by comparing average networks between known groups. However, neural heterogeneity within groups may limit the ability to make inferences at the individual level as qualitatively distinct processes across individuals may be obscured in group averages. This study characterizes the heterogeneity of effective connectivity reward networks among 103 early adolescents and examines associations between individualized features and multiple behavioral and clinical outcomes. To characterize network heterogeneity, we used extended unified structural equation modeling to identify effective connectivity networks for each individual and an aggregate network. We found that an aggregate reward network was a poor representation of individuals, with most individual-level networks sharing less than 50% of the group-level network paths. We then used Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation to identify a group-level network, subgroups of individuals with similar networks, and individual-level networks. We identified three subgroups that appear to reflect differences in network maturity, but this solution had modest validity. Finally, we found numerous associations between individual-specific connectivity features and behavioral reward functioning and risk for substance use disorders. We suggest that accounting for heterogeneity is necessary to use connectivity networks for inferences precise to the individual.
Predicting mobility and research performance of the faculty members in the economics departments at Turkish public universities
Authors: Yuret Tolga 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Academic mobility is an important factor that shapes academic institutions. Research performance is correlated with many factors, including the past research performance and gender of the academic. Understanding the factors behind academic mobility and research performance may provide a guide for a better higher education policy. In this paper, we analyze the mobility, publication, and research grant performance of all faculty members who taught in economics departments at Turkish public universities in 2010. Women, older faculty, and those who work in more established universities or in three major cities are less likely to move. The faculty members who have better past research performance, and who hold foreign PhDs, publish more. However, contrary to most of the literature, we do not find any gender productivity differentials. Last, we find that past publication performance is positively correlated with the number of current research grants, although past research grant performance does not have a significant correlation with the number of current publications.
Three Regimes of Internal Gravity Wave–Stable Vortex Interaction Classified by a Nondimensional Parameter δ: Scattering, Wheel-Trapping, and Spiral-Trapping with Vortex Deformation
Authors: Ito Kaoru , Nakamura Tomohiro 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The internal wave–vortex interaction was investigated for a broad parameter range except near inertial waves, by 1) scaling, 2) numerical experiments, and 3) the estimation of possible occurrences. By scaling, we identified a nondimensional parameter, δ = (V/c)[1/(kR)], where V is the vortex flow speed, R is the radius, c is the incident wave phase speed, and k is the horizontal wavenumber. As δ appears in all terms related to the interaction, it is important in the classification of the wave–vortex interaction. Numerical experiments were conducted on internal waves incident on a stable barotropic vortex with a parameter range of δ = [0.001, 1.7], which is much broader than that used in previous studies (δ ≪ 1). We found new phenomena for δ > 0.15, in addition to previously known scattering for δ ≤ 0.15 (scattering regime). For 0.15 < δ ≤ 0.4, part of the incident internal wave is trapped in a vortex, forming a wheel-like shape maintaining a superinertial frequency (wheel-trapping regime). When δ > 0.4, incident waves are trapped, but with a spiral shape (spiral-trapping regime). Spiral-shaped trapped waves release momentum by wave breaking, which deforms the vortex into a zigzag shape in the vertical direction. Vortex deformation produces vertical shear, which rapidly increases the vertical wavenumber of the incident wave. The distribution of δ in the Pacific Ocean was estimated using a high-resolution (1/30°) ocean general circulation model output. We found the occurrences of all three regimes. The scattering and wheel-trapping regimes are distributed broadly and varied seasonally, thus affecting mixing variability.

Significance Statement
Oceanic internal waves constitute the fundamental forcing of overturning and material circulation, because internal waves eventually break and cause vertical mixing. Interactions between internal waves and vortices affect wave properties and, therefore, mixing. However, as far as we are aware, all previous studies have focused on large weak vortices relative to waves. Here, we investigated such interactions for a much larger parameter space and identified two new regimes, in which vertical mixing is caused by newly found internal wave trapping and vortex deformation processes. We identified a nondimensional parameter that classifies the regimes and estimated their spatiotemporal distribution. These results suggest new energy routes from internal waves to turbulence and are applicable to other types of waves and vortices.
Qualitative Study Assessing Factors for 30-day Readmissions: A Head and Neck Oncology Cohort
Authors: Beatty Simon , Penn Joseph , O’Donnell Mackenzie , Villwock Jennifer 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: There is a paucity of literature on what contributes to 30-day readmission rates from the patient’s perspective in head and neck cancer patients. Post-operatively, these patients are often discharged with multiple surgical sites and home equipment requiring education and a large responsibility upon arriving home. Patients have a unique understanding of the discharge process and rationale behind presenting for care following initial discharge. Understanding the experience of the readmitted patient may be critical in finding effective methods to prevent unnecessary readmissions. Methods: Through key-informant interviews, we assessed factors that impact readmission rates from the patient perspective. Patients were eligible if they were discharged within the last 30 days and subsequently readmitted following an admission for a head and neck cancer surgery. Inductive coding was used to analyze interview transcripts and develop themes. Results: Thirteen respondents were interviewed. 46% (n = 6) did not feel ready for discharge after the index admission. Out of these 6 patients, 83% (n = 5) felt their readmission could have been avoided. Patients often encountered unexpected events after returning home from the index admission and felt their readmissions were potentially avoidable with more information regarding what to expect at home, prior to discharge. Although medically stable upon discharge, these findings indicate some patients might be discharged sooner than they should be due to factors outside of medical indications. Conclusions: To address the various biopsychosocial components of patient care in addition to medical aspects, an otolaryngology-specific, prior-to-discharge checklist could aid in lowering 30-day readmissions. Since the amount of education each patient requires to feel competent managing their health at home varies, more work is needed to craft post-education assessments of patient/caregiver competencies for home equipment, prior to discharge to reduce avoidable readmissions.
Outcomes and predictive factors for re-stricture with urethroplasty methods for anterior urethra stricture
Authors: Güler Yavuz 
Published: January 2023

Objectives: We wished to compare the treatment success of urethroplasty methods (EPA and BMG) used for anterior urethra stricture after unsuccessful internal urethrotomy. Methods: A total of 85 and 51 patients, respectively, who underwent excision and primary anastomosis (EPA) and buccal mucosal graft (BMG) urethroplasty due to recurrent strictures after direct vision internal urethrotomy (DVIU) were evaluated retrospectively. On the uroflowmetry test, >15 ml/s urine flow and residual urine (PVR) below 50 ml were determined as success criteria. Cox regression analysis investigated the probable predictive factors for surgery success. Kaplan-Meier analysis assessed stricture free survival after redo-urethroplasty. Results: After surgery, EPA and BMG patients were followed for 31.9 ± 9.8 (4–40) and 30.7 ± 10.3 (4–40) months. At the end of this follow-up duration, success was obtained for 71 (83.5%) and 44 (86.3%) patients. Mean re-stricture times were 13.9 ± 6.0 (4–19) and 10.2 ± 5.1 (4–26) months. Most re-strictures had penile location (10 (71.5%) and 7 (100%)). After one session of DVIU, there was 100% success in both groups, but after >3 sessions of DVIU, success fell to 70.3% and 78.3% in the groups respectively. Patients with high numbers of DVIU sessions had longer durations for urethroplasty surgery. Apart from complications related to the donor field in the oral region with BMG and four patients who developed fistula (7.8%), complications were similar in both groups. Conclusions: In this series of cases, it was not possible to identify which of the techniques employed provides the best result or predictive factors for stenosis recurrence after correction procedures for anterior urethral stenosis.