bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe and just Earth system boundaries
Authors: Rockström Johan , Gupta Joyeeta , Qin Dahe , Lade Steven J. , Abrams Jesse F. , Andersen Lauren S. , Armstrong McKay David I. , Bai Xuemei , Bala Govindasamy , Bunn Stuart E. , Ciobanu Daniel , DeClerck Fabrice , Ebi Kristie , Gifford Lauren , Gordon Christopher , Hasan Syezlin , Kanie Norichika , Lenton Timothy M. , Loriani Sina , Liverman Diana M. , Mohamed Awaz , Nakicenovic Nebojsa , Obura David , Ospina Daniel , Prodani Klaudia , Rammelt Crelis , Sakschewski Boris , Scholtens Joeri , Stewart-Koster Ben , Tharammal Thejna , van Vuuren Detlef , Verburg Peter H. , Winkelmann Ricarda , Zimm Caroline , Bennett Elena M. , Bringezu Stefan , Broadgate Wendy , Green Pamela A. , Huang Lei , Jacobson Lisa , Ndehedehe Christopher , Pedde Simona , Rocha Juan , Scheffer Marten , Schulte-Uebbing Lena , de Vries Wim , Xiao Cunde , Xu Chi , Xu Xinwu , Zafra-Calvo Noelia , Zhang Xin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1–3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future.
3D mapping of intra-articular calcaneal fractures
Authors: Shi Guang , Lin Zhao , Liu Wei , Liao Xun , Xu Xingming , Luo Xue , Zhan Hongrui , Cai Xiyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTo determine the pattern of intra-articular calcaneal fractures (ICFs) by a three-dimensional (3D) mapping and determine whether there were consistent fracture patterns and comminution zones. In this study, 67 patients with ICFS by CT scan were included. The calcaneal fractures fragments in CT were multiplanar reconstructed and virtual reduced. 3D heat mapping was subsequently created by graphically superimposing all fracture lines onto a standard calcaneal template. The cohort included 26 (38.8%) left calcaneal fractures, 27 (40.30%) right calcaneal fractures, and 14 (20.9%) cases with bilateral fractures. Comminuted fractures accounted for 92.5%. Sagittal 3D mapping shows that the fracture line is mainly concentrated at the critical angle of Gissane and extending rear to the posterior of the tuberosity of the lateral wall and the anterior of the medial process of the calcaneus tuberosity but with more significant variation in the medial wall. The average angle of fracture lines concerning the long calcaneal axis (LCA) was 29.1° and 19.2° in the lateral and medial walls. Axial 3D mapping shows that fracture lines were primarily concentrated in the anterior area to the posterior joint facet and extending along the rear joint facet and calcaneus sulcus to the posteriorly of the tuberosity. The mean angle of fracture lines concerning the LAC was 11° in the axial wall. Our data provided elucidated that ICFs have consistent characteristic fracture patterns and comminution zones. This study provides visual guidelines for understanding fracture morphology, which may assist with fracture classification, preoperative planning, development of fixation concepts.
Molecular structure of soluble vimentin tetramers
Authors: Vermeire Pieter-Jan , Lilina Anastasia V. , Hashim Hani M. , Dlabolová Lada , Fiala Jan , Beelen Steven , Kukačka Zdeněk , Harvey Jeremy N. , Novák Petr , Strelkov Sergei V. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntermediate filaments (IFs) are essential constituents of the metazoan cytoskeleton. A vast family of cytoplasmic IF proteins are capable of self-assembly from soluble tetrameric species into typical 10–12 nm wide filaments. The primary structure of these proteins includes the signature central ‘rod’ domain of ~ 300 residues which forms a dimeric α-helical coiled coil composed of three segments (coil1A, coil1B and coil2) interconnected by non-helical, flexible linkers (L1 and L12). The rod is flanked by flexible terminal head and tail domains. At present, the molecular architecture of mature IFs is only poorly known, limiting our capacity to rationalize the effect of numerous disease-related mutations found in IF proteins. Here we addressed the molecular structure of soluble vimentin tetramers which are formed by two antiparallel, staggered dimers with coil1B domains aligned (A11 tetramers). By examining a series of progressive truncations, we show that the presence of the coil1A domain is essential for the tetramer formation. In addition, we employed a novel chemical cross-linking pipeline including isotope labelling to identify intra- and interdimeric cross-links within the tetramer. We conclude that the tetramer is synergistically stabilized by the interactions of the aligned coil1B domains, the interactions between coil1A and the N-terminal portion of coil2, and the electrostatic attraction between the oppositely charged head and rod domains. Our cross-linking data indicate that, starting with a straight A11 tetramer, flexibility of linkers L1 and L12 enables ‘backfolding’ of both the coil1A and coil2 domains onto the tetrameric core formed by the coil1B domains. Through additional small-angle X-ray scattering experiments we show that the elongated A11 tetramers dominate in low ionic strength solutions, while there is also a significant structural flexibility especially in the terminal domains.
Fiber counts and architecture of the human dorsal penile nerve
Authors: Tunçkol Elçin , Purkart Leopold , Eigen Lennart , Vida Imre , Brecht Michael 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe human penis transmits behaviorally important sensory information via the dorsal penile nerve, which is required for initiation and maintenance of erection. The human penis differs from the penes of other hominids. The lack of a baculum makes the human penis dependent on erectile tissue, which is under control of neural signals activated by tactile stimulation. Accordingly, the penile sensory innervation is crucial for human sexual behavior. To clarify penile innervation, we analyzed the architecture of the dorsal penile nerve of five male subjects who donated their body. We stained the sensory fibers in the penile dorsal nerve with anti-neurofilament H antibody, and identified myelinated axons with Luxol fast blue staining. Furthermore, we visualized nerve bundles as they travel along the shaft of the penis by performing microfocus computed tomography scans after counterstaining penes with iodine. Our results show that the dorsal penile nerve is organized in 25–45 loosely packed nerve bundles, running mediodorsally in the shaft of the penis. This organization corresponds to that in penes of other mammalian species, but differs from the organization of the other peripheral sensory nerves. Around half of the dorsal penile nerve fibers were myelinated and a human hemipenis contained a total of 8290 ± 2553 (mean ± SD) axons. Thus, the number of sensory axons in the human dorsal penile nerve is higher than in other species described so far. The large fraction of unmyelinated nerve fibers suggests that the conduction speed is not a crucial aspect of penile sensory transmission.
Efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants over TiO2 nanoparticles modified with nitrogen and MoS2 under visible light irradiation
Authors: El Sharkawy Heba M. , Shawky Amira M. , Elshypany Rania , Selim Hanaa 
Published: May 2023

AbstractInvestigate the use of visible light to improve photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. Nitrogen-doped titania and molybdenum sulfide nanocomposites (NTM NCs) with different weight ratios of MoS2 (1, 2, and 3 wt.%) synthesized by a solid state method applied to the photodegradation of methylene blue(MB) under visible light irradiation. The synthesized NTM composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, DRS and PL spectroscopy. The results showed enhanced activity of NTM hybrid nanocrystals in oxidizing MB in water under visible light irradiation compared to pure TiO2. The photocatalytic performance of NTM samples increased with MoS2 content. The results show that the photodegradation efficiency of the TiO2 compound improved from 13 to 82% in the presence of N-TiO2 and to 99% in the presence of MoS2 containing N-TiO2, which is 7.61 times higher than that of TiO2. Optical characterization results show enhanced nanocomposite absorption in the visible region with long lifetimes between e/h+ at optimal N-TiO2/MoS2 (NTM2) ratio. Reusable experiments indicated that the prepared NTM NCs photocatalysts were stable during MB photodegradation and had practical applications for environmental remediation.
A fast methodology for generating skeletal FEM with detailed human geometric features based on CPD and RBF algorithms
Authors: Yuan Qiuqi , Jiang Binhui , Zhu Xiaoming , Hu Jingzhou , Wang Yulong , Chou Clifford C. , Xu Shiwei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to the significant effects of the human anatomical characteristics on the injury mechanism of passenger in traffic accidents, it is necessary to develop human body FEM (Finite Element Model) with detailed anatomical characteristics. However, traditional development of a human body FEM is an extremely complicated process. In particular, the meshing of human body is a huge and time-consuming project. In this paper, a new fast methodology based on CPD (Coherent Point Drift) and RBF (Radial Basis Function) was proposed to achieve the rapid developing the FEM of human bone with detailed anatomical characteristics. In this methodology, the mesh morphing technology based the RBF was used to generate FEM mesh in the geometry extracted from the target CT (Computed Tomography) data. In order to further improve the accuracy and speed of mesh morphing, the target geometric feature points required in the mesh morphing process were realized via the rapid and automatic generation based on the point-cloud registration technology of the CPD algorithm. Finally, this new methodology was used to generate a 3-year-old ribcage FEM consisting of a total of 27,728 elements with mesh size 3–5 mm based on the THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) adult model. In the entire process of generating this new ribcage model, it only took about 2.7 s. The average error between the new FEM and target geometries was only about 2.7 mm. This indicated that the new FEM well described the detailed anatomical characteristics of target geometry, thus importantly revealing that the mesh quality of the new FEM was basically similar to that of source FEM.
A beamline to control longitudinal phase space whilst transporting laser wakefield accelerated electrons to an undulator
Authors: Dewhurst Kay A. , Muratori Bruno D. , Brunetti Enrico , van der Geer Bas , de Loos Marieke , Owen Hywel L. , Wiggins S. Mark , Jaroszynski Dino A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLaser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) can produce high-energy electron bunches in short distances. Successfully coupling these sources with undulators has the potential to form an LWFA-driven free-electron laser (FEL), providing high-intensity short-wavelength radiation. Electron bunches produced from LWFAs have a correlated distribution in longitudinal phase space: a chirp. However, both LWFAs and FELs have strict parameter requirements. The bunch chirp created using ideal LWFA parameters may not suit the FEL; for example, a chirp can reduce the high peak current required for free-electron lasing. We, therefore, design a flexible beamline that can accept either positively or negatively chirped LWFA bunches and adjust the chirp during transport to an undulator. We have used the accelerator design program MAD8 to design a beamline in stages, and to track particle bunches. The final beamline design can produce ambidirectional values of longitudinal dispersion ($$R_{56}$$

R
56

): we demonstrate values of + 0.20 mm, 0.00 mm and − 0.22 mm. Positive or negative values of $$R_{56}$$

R
56

apply a shear forward or backward in the longitudinal phase space of the electron bunch, which provides control of the bunch chirp. This chirp control during the bunch transport gives an additional free parameter and marks a new approach to matching future LWFA-driven FELs.
Taking advantage of noise in quantum reservoir computing
Authors: Domingo L. , Carlo G. , Borondo F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe biggest challenge that quantum computing and quantum machine learning are currently facing is the presence of noise in quantum devices. As a result, big efforts have been put into correcting or mitigating the induced errors. But, can these two fields benefit from noise? Surprisingly, we demonstrate that under some circumstances, quantum noise can be used to improve the performance of quantum reservoir computing, a prominent and recent quantum machine learning algorithm. Our results show that the amplitude damping noise can be beneficial to machine learning, while the depolarizing and phase damping noises should be prioritized for correction. This critical result sheds new light into the physical mechanisms underlying quantum devices, providing solid practical prescriptions for a successful implementation of quantum information processing in nowadays hardware.
Evaluation of lung adverse events with nivolumab using the spontaneous reporting system in Japan
Authors: Kanbayashi Yuko , Shimizu Tadashi , Kojima Asuka , Anzai Miku , Kawai Rika , Uchida Mayako 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study was conducted to examine times to onset, incidence rates, and outcomes of nivolumab-induced lung adverse events (AEs), using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. We analysed data for the period between April 2004 and March 2021. Data on lung AEs were extracted, and relative risks of AEs were estimated using the reporting odds ratio. We analysed 5,273,115 reports and found 18,721 reports of nivolumab-related AEs, including 3084 lung AEs. Signals were detected for nine lung AEs: interstitial lung disease; pneumonitis; lung disorder; organising pneumonia; pleural effusion; pneumonia aspiration; pneumonia bacterial; radiation pneumonitis; and infectious pleural effusion. Among these, interstitial lung disease was the most frequently reported (68.7%) and included some fatal cases. A histogram of median times to onset showed AEs occurring from 34 to 79 days after the first dose, but some cases occurred even more than one year after starting administration. In conclusion, we focused on lung AEs caused by nivolumab as post-marketing AEs. Some cases could potentially involve serious outcomes, particularly in interstitial lung disease. Patients should be monitored for signs of the development of these AEs not only at the start of administration, but also over an extended time.
Allantoic fluid metabolome reveals specific metabolic signatures in chicken lines different for their muscle glycogen content
Authors: Petit Angélique , Tesseraud Sophie , Beauclercq Stéphane , Nadal-Desbarats Lydie , Cailleau-Audouin Estelle , Réhault-Godbert Sophie , Berri Cécile , Le Bihan-Duval Elisabeth , Métayer-Coustard Sonia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNutrient availability in eggs can affect early metabolic orientation in birds. In chickens divergently selected on the Pectoralis major ultimate pH, a proxy for muscle glycogen stores, characterization of the yolk and amniotic fluid revealed a different nutritional environment. The present study aimed to assess indicators of embryo metabolism in pHu lines (pHu+ and pHu−) using allantoic fluids (compartment storing nitrogenous waste products and metabolites), collected at days 10, 14 and 17 of embryogenesis and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Analysis of metabolic profiles revealed a significant stage effect, with an enrichment in metabolites at the end of incubation, and an increase in interindividual variability during development. OPLS-DA analysis discriminated the two lines. The allantoic fluid of pHu− was richer in carbohydrates, intermediates of purine metabolism and derivatives of tryptophan-histidine metabolism, while formate, branched-chain amino acids, Krebs cycle intermediates and metabolites from different catabolic pathways were more abundant in pHu+. In conclusion, the characterization of the main nutrient sources for embryos and now allantoic fluids provided an overview of the in ovo nutritional environment of pHu lines. Moreover, this study revealed the establishment, as early as day 10 of embryo development, of specific metabolic signatures in the allantoic fluid of pHu+ and pHu− lines.
Myopia progression risk assessment score (MPRAS): a promising new tool for risk stratification
Authors: Manoharan Manoj K. , Thakur Swapnil , Dhakal Rohit , Gupta Satish K. , Priscilla Jacinth J. , Bhandary Shashank K. , Srivastava Alok , Marmamula Srinivas , Poigal Nitish , Verkicharla Pavan K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTimely identification of individuals “at-risk” for myopia progression is the leading requisite for myopia practice as it aids in the decision of appropriate management. This study aimed to develop ‘myopia progression risk assessment score’ (MPRAS) based on multiple risk factors (10) to determine whether a myope is “at-risk” or “low-risk” for myopia progression. Two risk-score models (model-1: non-weightage, model-2: weightage) were developed. Ability of MPRAS to diagnose individual “at-risk” for myopia progression was compared against decision of five clinicians in 149 myopes, aged 6–29 years. Using model-1 (no-weightage), further 7 sub-models were created with varying number of risk factors in decreasing step-wise manner (1a: 10 factors to 1g: 4 factors). In random eye analysis for model-1, the highest Youden’s J-index (0.63–0.65) led to the MPRAS cut-off score of 41.50–43.50 for 5 clinicians with a sensitivity ranging from 78 to 85% and specificity ranging from 79 to 87%. For this cut-off score, the mean area under the curve (AUC) between clinicians and the MPRAS model ranged from 0.89 to 0.90. Model-2 (weighted for few risk-factors) provided similar sensitivity, specificity, and AUC. Sub-model analysis revealed greater AUC with high sensitivity (89%) and specificity (94%) in model-1g that has 4 risk factors compared to other sub-models (1a–1f). All the MPRAS models showed good agreement with the clinician’s decision in identifying individuals “at-risk” for myopia progression.
Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research
Authors: Shaw Jane Alexandra , Meiring Maynard , Allies Devon , Cruywagen Lauren , Fisher Tarryn-Lee , Kasavan Kesheera , Roos Kelly , Botha Stefan Marc , MacDonald Candice , Hiemstra Andriёtte M. , Simon Donald , van Rensburg Ilana , Flinn Marika , Shabangu Ayanda , Kuivaniemi Helena , Tromp Gerard , Malherbe Stephanus T. , Walzl Gerhard , du Plessis Nelita ,   The Stellenbosch University Immunology Research Group Bronchoalveolar Lavage Study Consortium (SU IRG BAL Study Consortium), Nemes Elisa , Kleynhans Léanie , McAnda Shirley , Kruger Charlene , Richardson Tracey , Noor Firdows , Benting Lauren , Mtala Nosipho , Storm Robin-Lee , Persence Gertrude , Molima Elsabe , Chetram Alicia , Stanley Kim , Lewinsohn David M. , Lewinsohn Deborah A. , Urdahl Kevin B. , Schurr Erwin , Orlova Marianna , Boom W. Henry , Fortune Sarah 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is becoming a common procedure for research into infectious disease immunology. Little is known about the clinical factors which influence the main outcomes of the procedure. In research participants who underwent BAL according to guidelines, the BAL volume yield, and cell yield, concentration, viability, pellet colour and differential count were analysed for association with important participant characteristics such as active tuberculosis (TB) disease, TB exposure, HIV infection and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 337 participants, BAL volume and BAL cell count were correlated in those with active TB disease, and current smokers. The right middle lobe yielded the highest volume. BAL cell and volume yields were lower in older participants, who also had more neutrophils. Current smokers yielded lower volumes and higher numbers of all cell types, and usually had a black pellet. Active TB disease was associated with higher cell yields, but this declined at the end of treatment. HIV infection was associated with more bloody pellets, and recent SARS-CoV-2 infection with a higher proportion of lymphocytes. These results allow researchers to optimise their participant and end assay selection for projects involving lung immune cells.
Effects of acute psychosocial stress on source level EEG power and functional connectivity measures
Authors: Vanhollebeke Gert , Kappen Mitchel , De Raedt Rudi , Baeken Chris , van Mierlo Pieter , Vanderhasselt Marie-Anne 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe usage of EEG to uncover the influence of psychosocial stressors (PSSs) on neural activity has gained significant attention throughout recent years, but the results are often troubled by confounding stressor types. To investigate the effect of PSSs alone on neural activity, we employed a paradigm where participants are exposed to negative peer comparison as PSS, while other possible stressors are kept constant, and compared this with a condition where participants received neutral feedback. We analyzed commonly used sensor level EEG indices (frontal theta, alpha, and beta power) and further investigated whether source level power and functional connectivity (i.e., the temporal dependence between spatially seperated brain regions) measures, which have to our knowledge not yet been used, are more sensitive to PSSs than sensor level-derived EEG measures. Our results show that on sensor level, no significant frontal power changes are present (allp’s > 0.16), indicating that sensor level frontal power measures are not sensitive enough to be affected by only PSSs. On source level, we find increased alpha power (indicative of decreased cortical activity) in the left- and right precuneus and right posterior cingulate cortex (allp’s < 0.03) and increased functional connectivity between the left- and right precuneus (p < 0.001), indicating that acute, trial based PSSs lead to decreased precuneus/PCC activity, and possibly indicates a temporary disruption in the self-referential neural processes of an individual.