bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACE DETECTION PADA GAMBAR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN OPENCV HAAR CASCADE
Authors: Akil Ibnu 
Published: February 2023

Abstract—OpenCV has more than 2500 optimized algorithms, which includes a comprehensive set of both classic and state-of-the-art computer vision and machine learning algorithms. It has been proven by software companies, that is why the researcher will use it for face detection application with Java programming langguage. The purpose of this paper is trying to implement machine learning library OpenCV with Haarcascade algorithm to detect face from an image and to find the weaknesess of haarcascade algorithm. Haar cascade is proven still relliable to detect face.
Abstrak— OpenCV memiliki lebih dari 2500 algoritma yang sudah dioptimisasi untuk digunakan dalam computer vision dan pembelajaran mesin. Karena keberhasilannya yang sudah dibuktikan oleh banyak perusahaan perangkat lunak, maka peneliti akan menggunakannya untuk aplikasi face detection dengan menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mencoba menerapkan library pembelajaran mesin OpenCV algoritma Haar cascade untuk mendeteksi wajah pada sebuah gambar dan untuk mencari kelemahannya. Haar cascade telah terbukti masih cukup handal dalam mendeteksi wajah.
PENDUGAAN FENOMENA UPWELLING BERDASARKAN VARIABILITAS SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DAN KLOROFIL-A DI PERAIRAN TELUK BONE, INDONESIA
Authors: Alfrediansyah Roni , Asmadin Asmadin , Ira Ira 
Published: February 2023

Produktivitas suatu perairan dapat digambarkan berdasarkan kondisi oseanografi seperti arus, suhu permukaan laut dan klorofil-a. Beberapa parameter oseanografi tersebut dapat dijadikan acuan untuk menduga kejadian upwelling pada suatu perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi Kawasan upwelling berdasarkan variabilitas Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Klorofil-a secara spasial dan temporal di perairan Teluk Bone, termasuk menilai kondisi arus permukaan lautnya. Data deret waktu yang dikumpulkan merupakan data bulanan periode 2019-2020. Data bulanan Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Klorofil-a menggunakan data Level 3 citra satelit aqua MODIS yang diunduh melalui laman https://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/. Data arus permukaan diunduh pada laman https://marine.copernicus.eu/. Data bulanan Level 3 satelit aqua MODIS tersebut diekstrak menggunakan perangkat lunak SeaDAS 7.2. Data arah dan kecepatan arus diekstrak menggunakan Pyferret. Analisis spasial untuk mengestimasi daerah upwelling menggunakan teknik tumpang susun layer berdasarkan algoritma estimasi Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Klorofil-a. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa data bulanan suhu permukaan Laut berkisar antara 25,74–33,76°C pada 2019 dan berkisar antara 26,85–34,82°C pada 2020. Estimasi konsentrasi Klorofil-a mencapai kisaran 0,06-6,53 mg/m3 pada 2019 dan berkisar 0,07–7,09 mg/m3 pada 2020. Pada tahun 2019, fenomena upwelling di perairan Teluk Bone diduga terjadi pada musim Timur (Juni, Juli, Agustus) dengan kriteria upwelling lemah dan sedang. Sepanjang tahun 2019-2020, kondisi kecepatan arus permukaan lautnya cenderung lemah mencapai nilai 0,02-0,16 m/s. Fenomena upwelling di perairan Teluk Bone diduga kuat terjadi pada periode Musim Timur (Juni, Juli, Agustus) Tahun 2019. Kondisi ini ditandai dengan relatif rendahnya nilai suhu permukaan laut dan tingginya konsentrasi klorofil-a dibandingkan dengan Musim lainnya. Kondisi kecepatan arus permukaan di perairan Teluk Bone cenderung lemah.Kata kunci: Arus Permukaan Laut, Klorofil-A, Suhu Permukaan Laut, Teluk Bone, Upwelling
KOMPOSISI DAN KEPADATAN GASTROPODA DAN BIVALVIA PADA EKOSISTEM LAMUN DI PERAIRAN DESA LANGARA BAJO KECAMATAN WAWONII BARAT, KABUPATEN KONAWE KEPULAUAN
Authors: Saprduddin Sapruddin , Ira Ira , Rahmadani Rahmadani 
Published: February 2023

Desa Langara Bajo merupakan kawasan pesisir yang banyak dijumpai biota laut seperti gastropoda dan bivalvia. Tingginya tingkat pemanfaatan gastropoda dan bivalvia serta aktivitas masyarakat lainnya dikhawatirkan dapat menyebabkan habitat dan kondisi lingkungan bagi kehidupan gastropoda dan bivalvia terganggu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi dan kepadatan gastropoda dan bivalvia pada ekosistem lamun di Perairan Desa Langara Bajo, Kecamatan Wawonii Barat, Kabupaten Konawe Kepulauan. Persentase tutupan lamun diukur untuk mendapatkan kondisi tutupan lamun di lokasi penelitian. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan September di 3 titik stasiun pengambilan data. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode transek kuadrat. Transek garis dibentangkan sepanjang sepanjang 100 meter, kemudian transek kuadrat ukuran 1x1 meter diletakkan secara zig-zag. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 6 jenis gastropoda yaitu Cypraea tigris, Polineces aurantius, Nerita polita, Cymbiola aulica, Strombus labiatus dan Strombus urceus. Komposisi jenis gastropoda tertinggi ditemukan pada stasiun III, dengan jenis S. urceus sebanyak 54%, sedangkan komposisi jenis terendah terdapat pada stasiun I sebanyak 2% dengan jenis C. tigris. Kepadatan gastropoda yang tertinggi berada pada Stasiun II dengan nilai 5,06 ind/m2 dan kepadatan gastropoda terendah berada pada Stasiun III dengan nilai 2,84 ind/m2. Komposisi jenis bivalvia yang ditemukan sebanyak dua jenis, yaitu Clinocardium ciliatum dan Argopecten hirasei. Komposisi jenis bivalvia tertinggi terdapat pada Stasiun II dari jenis C. ciliatum sebanyak 57%, sedangkan komposisi jenis bivalvia terendah terdapat pada Stasiun III dari jenis C. ciliatum sebanyak 53%. Jumlah kepadatan bivalvia yang tertinggi berada pada Stasiun II yaitu 1,06 ind/m2, sedangkan kepadatan bivalvia yang terendah pada Stasiun III yaitu 0,57 ind/m2. Kategori kondisi lamun yang ditemukan jarang, sedang, dan padat, dimana persentase tutupan lamun tertinggi ditemukan pada Stasiun II dengan kategori padat (65,7%) dan persentase tutupan lamun terendah terdapat pada Stasiun III dengan kategori jarang (24,2%).Kata kunci : Bivalvia, Desa Langara Bajo, Gastropoda, Kepadatan, Komposisi Jenis, Lamun, dan Perairan
DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL DAN PREFERENSI HABITAT GASTROPODA DI KAWASAN HUTAN MANGROVE SEGARA ANAKAN, CILACAP
Authors: Kresnasari Dewi , Mei Gitarama Arbi , Subhan Subhan 
Published: February 2023

Ekosistem mangrove secara ekologis berperan sebagai spawning ground, nursery ground dan feeding ground berbagai macam organisme. Salah satu biota yang terletak pada ekosistem mangrove Segara Anakan adalah Gastropoda. Fauna ini memegang peranan penting dalam jaring-jaring makanan dan proses dekomposisi. Hutan mangrove Segara Anakan mengalami perubahan akibat faktor alami (sedimentasi) dan faktor antropogenik. Jika hal ini diabaikan tentu saja akan mempengaruhi pola distribusi dan preferensi habitat Gastropoda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi, kelimpahan, distribusi dan preferensi habitat Gastropoda pada hutan mangrove Segara Anakan, Cilacap. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2022 dengan periode pengambilan dua minggu sekali. Metode sampling yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling. Dua pemilihan lokasi berdasarkan perbedaan karakteristik yaitu : St A (bagian timur Segara Anakan, salinitas 10-20 ‰, kerapatan mangrove Rhizophora sp. rapat, dekat dengan pelabuhan) dan St B (bagian barat Segara Anakan, salinitas 5-10‰, kerapatan mangrove Rhizophora sp. jarang, dekat dengan pemukiman penduduk). Pada setiap stasiun penelitian ditentukan lima titik pengambilan sampel, setiap titik terdapat tiga plot pengambilan sampel. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan PCA (Principal Component Analysis). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh komunitas gastropoda pada St A sebanyak 8 famili dan St B 6 famili. Famili yang paling mendominasi pada kedua stasiun pengamatan yaitu Potamididae dan Neritidae. Kelimpahan tertinggi terdapat pada St B sebesar 290 ind/m2, sedangkan St A berjumlah 180 ind/m2. Pola distribusi gastropoda termasuk dalam kriteria mengelompok dan merata. Dari hasil analisis PCA kelimpahan Gastropoda berhubungan erat dengan kandungan oksigen terlarut. Hal ini terkait peran oksigen dalam pemenuhan respirasi dan dekomposisi bahan organik. Kata kunci : Gastropoda, Mangrove, Pola distribusi, Preferensi habitat, Segara Anakan
Dieting reverses histone methylation and hypothalamic AgRP regulation in obese rats
Authors: Rapps Kayla , Kisliouk Tatiana , Marco Asaf , Weller Aron , Meiri Noam 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionAlthough dieting is a key factor in improving physiological functions associated with obesity, the role by which histone methylation modulates satiety/hunger regulation of the hypothalamus through weight loss remains largely elusive. Canonically, H3K9me2 is a transcriptional repressive post-translational epigenetic modification that is involved in obesity, however, its role in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) has not been thoroughly explored. Here we explore the role that KDM4D, a specific demethylase of residue H3K9, plays in energy balance by directly modulating the expression of AgRP, a key neuropeptide that regulates hunger response.MethodsWe used a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) to assess whether histone methylation malprogramming impairs energy balance control and how caloric restriction may reverse this phenotype. Using ChIP-qPCR, we assessed the repressive modification of H3K9me2 at the site of AgRP. To elucidate the functional role of KDM4D in reversing obesity via dieting, a pharmacological agent, JIB-04 was used to inhibit the action of KDM4D in vivo.ResultsIn DIO, downregulation of Kdm4d mRNA results in both enrichment of H3K9me2 on the AgRP promoter and transcriptional repression of AgRP. Because epigenetic modifications are dynamic, it is possible for some of these modifications to be reversed when external cues are altered. The reversal phenomenon was observed in calorically restricted rats, in which upregulation of Kdm4d mRNA resulted in demethylation of H3K9 on the AgRP promoter and transcriptional increase of AgRP. In order to verify that KDM4D is necessary to reverse obesity by dieting, we demonstrated that in vivo inhibition of KDM4D activity by pharmacological agent JIB-04 in naïve rats resulted in transcriptional repression of AgRP, decreasing orexigenic signaling, thus inhibiting hunger.DiscussionWe propose that the action of KDM4D through the demethylation of H3K9 is critical in maintaining a stable epigenetic landscape of the AgRP promoter, and may offer a target to develop new treatments for obesity.
Status assessment and probabilistic health risk modeling of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soil across China
Authors: He Mingjiang , Shangguan Yuxian , Zhou Zijun , Guo Song , Yu Hua , Chen Kun , Zeng Xiangzhong , Qin Yusheng 
Published: February 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) accumulation in topsoil is getting particular concern with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, while the overall pollution status and related risk posed by PAHs received limited attentions at the national scale. This study conducted an overview of published data on 16 priority control PAHs by USEPA on the related peer-reviewed 207 research papers between 2000 and 2020 in 30 provinces of China. Based on that, the pollution levels, composition status, spatial distribution pattern, ecological risk, and human health risk posed by soil PAHs were evaluated. Monte Carlo simulation was adopted to model the probabilistic health risk and identify the contributor of such risks. Results demonstrated the concentrations of ∑16PAHs in soil varied from “undetected” to 261 μg g−1 with a mean value of 0.63 μg g−1, indicating the obvious accumulation of PAHs in topsoil of most provinces in China compared with the guideline value (0.2 μg g−1). The concentrations of ∑16PAHs in surface soil of China has obvious regional characteristics. Higher concentrations of soil PAHs are mainly distributed in north, northwest, and eastern regions, especially in Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Sichuan, and Guangxi Province. Risk assessment indicates potential ecological and human health risk were posed by soil PAHs, therefore, reducing soil PAHs concentration and exposure frequency are the most effective pathways to protect human health. Despite the fact that risks posed by soil PAHs are generally low, concentrations of PAHs in some sites are relatively high. It is necessary to take effective measures to remediate soil PAHs pollution in certain areas to reduce concentration and associated risks.
Genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) gene family in chinese soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)
Authors: Lei Luo , Zhu Junxian , Chen Chen , Wang Yongchang , Wu Congcong , Qi Ming , Wang Yakun , Liu Xiaoli , Hong Xiaoyou , Yu Lingyun , Chen Haigang , Wei Chengqing , Liu Yihui , Li Wei , Zhu Xinping 
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a crucial role in bone formation and differentiation. Recent RNA-Seq results suggest that BMPs may be involved in the sex differentiation of P. sinensis, yet more relevant studies about BMPs in P. sinensis are lacking.Methods: Herein, we identified BMP gene family members, analyzed the phylogeny, collinear relationship, scaffold localization, gene structures, protein structures, transcription factors and dimorphic expression by using bioinformatic methods based on genomic and transcriptomic data of P. sinensis. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR was used to verify the RNA-Seq results and initially explore the function of the BMPs in the sex differentiation of P. sinensis.Results: A total of 11 BMP genes were identified, 10 of which were localized to their respective genomic scaffolds. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BMP genes were divided into eight subfamilies and shared similar motifs (“WII”, “FPL”, “TNHA”, “CCVP”, and “CGC”) and domain (TGF-β superfamily). The results of the sexually dimorphic expression profile and qRT-PCR showed that Bmp2, Bmp3, Bmp15l, Bmp5, Bmp6 and Bmp8a were significantly upregulated in ovaries, while Bmp2lb, Bmp7, Bmp2bl and Bmp10 were remarkable upregulated in testes, suggesting that these genes may play a role in sex differentiation of P. sinensis.Discussion: Collectively, our comprehensive results enrich the basic date for studying the evolution and functions of BMP genes in P. sinensis.
Genome-wide association study of the age of onset of type 1 diabetes reveals HTATIP2 as a novel T cell regulator
Authors: Cardinale Christopher J. , Chang Xiao , Wei Zhi , Qu Hui-Qi , Bradfield Jonathan P. , Polychronakos Constantin , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionType 1 diabetes, a disorder caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells, is more difficult to manage when it presents at a younger age. We sought to identify genetic correlates of the age of onset by conducting the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) treating the age of first diagnosis as a quantitative trait.MethodsWe performed GWAS with a discovery cohort of 4,014 cases and a replication cohort of 493 independent cases. Genome-wide significant SNPs were mapped to a causal variant by Bayesian conditional analysis and gel shift assay. The causal protein-coding gene was identified and characterized by RNA interference treatment of primary human pan-CD4+ T cells with RNA-seq of the transcriptome. The candidate gene was evaluated functionally in primary cells by CD69 staining and proliferation assays.ResultsOur GWAS replicated the known association of the age of diagnosis with the human leukocyte antigen complex (HLA-DQB1). The second signal identified was in an intron of the NELL1 gene on chromosome 11 and fine-mapped to variant rs10833518 (P &lt; 1.54 × 10−9). Homozygosity for the risk allele leads to average age of onset one year earlier. Knock-down of HIV TAT-interacting protein 2 (HTATIP2), but not other genes in the locus, resulted in alterations to gene expression in signal transduction pathways including MAP kinases and PI3-kinase. Higher levels of HTATIP2 expression are associated with increased viability, proliferation, and activation of T cells in the presence of signals from antigen and cytokine receptors.DiscussionThis study implicates HTATIP2 as a new type 1 diabetes gene acting via T cell regulation. Larger population sample sizes are expected to reveal additional loci.
Impacts of morphological change and sea-level rise on stratification in the Pearl River Estuary
Authors: Ma Mengyao , Zhang Wenyan , Chen Wei , Deng Junjie , Schrum Corinna 
Published: February 2023

The Pearl River Delta (PRD), where several megacities are located, has undergone drastic morphological changes caused by anthropogenic impact during the past few decades. In its main estuary, the water area has been reduced by 21% whilst the average water depth has increased by 2.24 m from 1970s to 2010s. The mainly human-induced morphological change together with sea level rise has jointly led to a remarkable change in the water stratification. However, the spatial and temporal variability of stratification in the estuary and associated driving mechanisms remain less understood. In this study, stratification in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) in response to morphological change and external forcing is investigated by 3-dimensional numerical modeling. Simulation results indicate that stratification in the PRE exhibits distinct spatial and temporal variabilities. At a tidal-to-monthly time scale, variation of stratification is mainly driven by advection and straining through tidal forcing. At a monthly-to-seasonal scale, monsoon-driven river runoff and associated plume and fronts dominate the variation of stratification. Human-induced morphological change leads to an enhancement of stratification by up to four times in the PRE. Compared to an overwhelming human impact in the past few decades, future sea level rise would further enhance stratification, but to a much lesser extent than past human impacts. In addition, stratification in different areas of the estuary also responds differently to the driving factors. The western shoal of the estuary is most sensitive to changes in morphology and sea level due to its shallowness, followed by the channels and other parts of the estuary, which are less sensitive.
Comparative metagenomics at Solfatara and Pisciarelli hydrothermal systems in Italy reveal that ecological differences across substrates are not ubiquitous
Authors: Ugwuanyi Ifeoma R. , Fogel Marilyn L. , Bowden Roxane , Steele Andrew , De Natale Giuseppe , Troise Claudia , Somma Renato , Piochi Monica , Mormone Angela , Glamoclija Mihaela 
Published: February 2023

IntroductionContinental hydrothermal systems (CHSs) are geochemically complex, and they support microbial communities that vary across substrates. However, our understanding of these variations across the complete range of substrates in CHS is limited because many previous studies have focused predominantly on aqueous settings.MethodsHere we used metagenomes in the context of their environmental geochemistry to investigate the ecology of different substrates (i.e., water, mud and fumarolic deposits) from Solfatara and Pisciarelli.Results and DiscussionResults indicate that both locations are lithologically similar with distinct fluid geochemistry. In particular, all substrates from Solfatara have similar chemistry whereas Pisciarelli substrates have varying chemistry; with water and mud from bubbling pools exhibiting high SO42− and NH4+ concentrations. Species alpha diversity was found to be different between locations but not across substrates, and pH was shown to be the most important driver of both diversity and microbial community composition. Based on cluster analysis, microbial community structure differed significantly between Pisciarelli substrates but not between Solfatara substrates. Pisciarelli mud pools, were dominated by (hyper)thermophilic archaea, and on average, bacteria dominated Pisciarelli fumarolic deposits and all investigated Solfatara environments. Carbon fixation and sulfur oxidation were the most important metabolic pathways fueled by volcanic outgassing at both locations. Together, results demonstrate that ecological differences across substrates are not a widespread phenomenon but specific to the system. Therefore, this study demonstrates the importance of analyzing different substrates of a CHS to understand the full range of microbial ecology to avoid biased ecological assessments.
Association of the risk factor UNC13A with survival and upper motor neuron involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Manini Arianna , Casiraghi Valeria , Brusati Alberto , Maranzano Alessio , Gentile Francesco , Colombo Eleonora , Bonetti Ruggero , Peverelli Silvia , Invernizzi Sabrina , Gentilini Davide , Messina Stefano , Verde Federico , Poletti Barbara , Fogh Isabella , Morelli Claudia , Silani Vincenzo , Ratti Antonia , Ticozzi Nicola 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundThe UNC13A gene is an established susceptibility locus for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a determinant of shorter survival after disease onset, with up to 33.0 months difference in life expectancy for carriers of the rs12608932 risk genotype. However, its overall effect on other clinical features and ALS phenotypic variability is controversial.MethodsGenotype data of the UNC13A rs12608932 SNP (A–major allele; C–minor allele) was obtained from a cohort of 972 ALS patients. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, including cognitive and behavioral profiles, evaluated through the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) – Italian version and the Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI); upper and lower motor neuron involvement, assessed by the Penn Upper Motor Neuron Score (PUMNS) and the Lower Motor Neuron Score (LMNS)/Medical Research Council (MRC) scores, respectively; the ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) score at evaluation and progression rate; age and site of onset; survival. The comparison between the three rs12608932 genotypes (AA, AC, and CC) was performed using the additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models.ResultsThe rs12608932 minor allele frequency was 0.31 in our ALS cohort, in comparison to 0.33–0.41 reported in other Caucasian ALS populations. Carriers of at least one minor C allele (AC + CC genotypes) had a shorter median survival than patients with the wild-type AA genotype (−11.7 months, p = 0.013), even after adjusting for age and site of onset, C9orf72 mutational status and gender. Patients harboring at least one major A allele (AA + AC genotypes) and particularly those with the wild-type AA genotype showed a significantly higher PUMNS compared to CC carriers (p = 0.015 and padj = 0.037, respectively), thus indicating a more severe upper motor neuron involvement. Our analysis did not detect significant associations with all the other clinical parameters considered.ConclusionOverall, our findings confirm the role of UNC13A as a determinant of survival in ALS patients and show the association of this locus also with upper motor neuron involvement.