bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coconut Oil and Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Schwingshackl Lukas , Schlesinger Sabrina 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This narrative review summarizes the current peer-reviewed literature and mechanisms surrounding the cardiovascular health impact of coconut oil.

Recent Findings
No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or prospective cohort studies have investigated the effect or association of coconut oil with cardiovascular disease. Evidence from RCTs indicated that coconut oil seems to have less detrimental effects on total and LDL-cholesterol compared to butter, but not compared to cis-unsaturated vegetable oils, such as safflower, sunflower, or canola oil. The isocaloric replacement (by 1% of energy intake) of carbohydrates with lauric acid (the predominant fatty acid in coconut oil) increased total cholesterol by 0.029 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.014; 0.045), LDL-cholesterol by 0.017 mmol/L (0.003; 0.031), and HDL-cholesterol by 0.019 mmol/L (0.016; 0.023).

Summary
The current evidence from shorter term RCTs suggests that replacement of coconut oil with cis-unsaturated oils lowers total and LDL-cholesterol, whereas for the association between coconut oil intake and cardiovascular disease, less evidence is available.
Evolution of risk prediction models for post-operative mortality in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Kalo Eric , George Jacob , Read Scott , Majumdar Avik , Ahlenstiel Golo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe perception of high surgical risk among patients with cirrhosis has resulted in a long-standing reluctance to operate. Risk stratification tools, first implemented over 60 years ago, have attempted to assess mortality risk among cirrhotic patients and ensure the best possible outcomes for this difficult to treat cohort. Existing postoperative risk prediction tools including the Child–Turcotte–Pugh (CTP) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) provide some prediction of risk in counselling patients and their families but tend to overestimate surgical risk. More personalised prediction algorithms such as the Mayo Risk Score and VOCAL-Penn score that incorporate surgery-specific risks have demonstrated a significant improvement in prognostication and can ultimately aid multidisciplinary team determination of potential risks. The development of future risk scores will need to incorporate, first and foremost, predictive efficacy, but perhaps just as important is the feasibility and usability by front-line healthcare professionals to ensure timely and efficient prediction of risk for cirrhotic patients.
Migration, Embeddedness, and Vulnerability During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: O’Dell Kevin Patrick , Fransen Sonja , Jolivet Dominique 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant policy measures have disproportionally affected the lives of migrants worldwide. Focusing on inequalities between social groups, studies have tended to neglect the role of local embeddedness as a factor influencing the extent to which individuals are affected by COVID-19. In this paper, we study the vulnerabilities of people with different migration experiences in an urban setting in the early stages of the pandemic, focusing on three key livelihood assets: economic, social, and human capital (health). Our analyses are based on online survey data (n = 1381) collected among international migrants, second-generation residents (those with at least one parent born abroad), and non-migrants residing in Amsterdam in July 2020. We find that international migrants, and particularly those who arrived in the city more recently, reported larger shocks to their economic and social capital than other city residents. This finding illustrates the vulnerabilities of “newcomers” to the city and their limited resilience to shocks. Second-generation residents were particularly vulnerable in terms of health, but this relationship was strongly mediated by education and neighborhood effects. In all three groups, those with poor relative wealth and those who were self-employed were more vulnerable to economic shocks. Our findings illustrate how the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated inequalities in vulnerabilities across migrant and non-migrant groups, and how those who were locally embedded, including migrants and non-migrants, were less likely to be negatively affected by the pandemic.
Local Migration Governance in European Shrinking Areas: a German and an Italian Case
Authors: Martins José Ricardo , Davino Chiara 
Published: March 2023

AbstractGovernance represents the dynamics related to a society more densely integrated into flows and not one-dimensional hierarchy relations and embodies a more cooperative mode where state and non-state actors participate in mixed public/private networks. This research explores innovative perspectives in local governance, based on two case studies in rural, shrinking areas in Germany and Italy in quest of revitalisation and the emplacement of asylum seekers and refugees in their territories. Based on empirical situations inherent in the category of “shrinking areas,” the article aims to bring out points of tangency, useful for providing recommendations and future research directions that can relate local territorial realities, united by similar processes, belonging to a larger European scale. Methodologically, this is qualitative research, based on literature and document review, interviews with key actors, group discussion, and observant participation. We conclude that although the German and Italian realities are quite diverse in terms of their shrinking trajectory, the present challenges for the emplacement of migrants are similar, such as housing and employment hardship, and that governance follows diverse parameters: while in Germany, it is more structured and coordinated, with a clear distribution of roles (civil society actors follow the leadership of the political actors), in the Italian case, the leadership is sometimes contested mainly due to political instability at the national level and the consequent effects on the reception system, which is reduced in its operation.
A synthesis of mercury research in the Southern Hemisphere, part 1: Natural processes
Authors: Schneider Larissa , Fisher Jenny A. , Diéguez María C. , Fostier Anne-Hélène , Guimaraes Jean R. D. , Leaner Joy J. , Mason Robert 
Published: March 2023

AbstractRecent studies demonstrate a short 3–6-month atmospheric lifetime for mercury (Hg). This implies Hg emissions are predominantly deposited within the same hemisphere in which they are emitted, thus placing increasing importance on considering Hg sources, sinks and impacts from a hemispheric perspective. In the absence of comprehensive Hg data from the Southern Hemisphere (SH), estimates and inventories for the SH have been drawn from data collected in the NH, with the assumption that the NH data are broadly applicable. In this paper, we centre the uniqueness of the SH in the context of natural biogeochemical Hg cycling, with focus on the midlatitudes and tropics. Due to its uniqueness, Antarctica warrants an exclusive review of its contribution to the biogeochemical cycling of Hg and is therefore excluded from this review. We identify and describe five key natural differences between the hemispheres that affect the biogeochemical cycling of Hg: biome heterogeneity, vegetation type, ocean area, methylation hotspot zones and occurence of volcanic activities. We review the current state of knowledge of SH Hg cycling within the context of each difference, as well as the key gaps that impede our understanding of natural Hg cycling in the SH. The differences demonstrate the limitations in using NH data to infer Hg processes and emissions in the SH.
In-Fiber Thermally Diffused Coupler and Fiber Bragg Grating Inscribed in Twin-Core Fiber for Sensitivity-Enhanced Vector Bending Sensing
Authors: Meng Lingzhi , Wang Hongye , Xia Qi , Yuan Tingting , Zhang Xiaotong , Yuan Libo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractA vector bending fiber sensor based on core-by-core inscribed fiber Bragg gratings in a twin-core fiber has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An in-fiber integrated vector bending sensor is realized by using the thermal diffusion technique to fabricate the coupler. The characteristics of the coupler fabricated by thermal diffusion are simulated and experimented. By inscribing fiber Bragg gratings with different reflection wavelengths in the two cores of a symmetrical twin-core fiber, the curvature sensitivity can be enhanced by tracking the wavelength difference between the fiber Bragg gratings of the two cores. The measured bending sensitivity of the fiber Bragg grating ranges from −161.6 pm/m−1to +165.5 pm/m−1. The differential sensitivity of the two cores is twice that of a conventional single grating, and the temperature-induced crosstalk is also reduced. The bending sensor proposed in this paper has the advantages of high integration, enhancing the sensitivity and two-dimensional orientation recognizability, and reducing temperature crosstalk, which can be a promising candidate for structural health monitoring or wearable artificial electronics applications.
What Can Restructuring Laws Do? Geopolitical Shocks, the New German Restructuring Regime, and the Limits of Restructuring Laws
Authors: Eidenmüller Horst 
Published: March 2023

AbstractIn this article, I discuss the possibilities and limitations of restructuring laws against the background of geopolitical shocks such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the current energy crisis. I make two claims, one narrow and focused on German bankruptcy law, and one broad with a cross-jurisdictional reach. My narrow claim relates to ‘StaRUG’, the new German restructuring regime. I argue that this law is a superfluous and flawed instrument. It should be repealed. My second claim is much broader. I argue that bankruptcy laws, including restructuring laws, are generally ill-suited to deal with the economic consequences of geopolitical or macroeconomic shocks as a ‘first line of defence’. Bankruptcy laws are not designed to provide the structural assistance at scale which the businesses affected by these shocks need. At the same time, massive state aid for distressed businesses in times of crisis and, in particular, ad hoc bailouts of large critical firms are also problematic. I propose that firms’ resilience against geopolitical or macroeconomic shocks should be strengthened, and that best practices (‘Principles’) for bailouts should be developed.
A Comparison of Wavelet Packet, Wavelet Leaders Multifractal, and p-Leader Multifractal Method in Chatter Detection
Authors: Zheng Zehui , Jing Xiubing , Wang Yangyang , Song Xiaofei , Li Huaizhong 
Published: March 2023

AbstractAn efficient stability analysis contributes to the improvement of machining stability and chatter suppression. First, this paper presents three chatter detection approaches that were developed on the application of wavelet transforms. Second, the feasibility of the methods for chatter detection is verified by combining numerical simulations and experimental research. Finally, the recognition performance of the three methods is compared. The analysis results indicate that the proposed three methods can distinguish different machining states. Thep-leader multifractal method (PLMM) provides the best recognition performance but takes the longest time, the wavelet leader multifractal method (WLMM) comes second, and the wavelet packet method (WPM) is the worst but takes the shortest amount of time. Therefore, the PLMM can be used for identifying signals with high accuracy requirements, whereas the WLMM or WPM can be used otherwise.
Mortality Prediction of Various Cancer Patients via Relevant Feature Analysis and Machine Learning
Authors: Bozkurt Caner , Aşuroğlu Tunç 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBreast, lung, prostate, and stomach cancers are the most frequent cancer types globally. Early-stage detection and diagnosis of these cancers pose a challenge in the literature. When dealing with cancer patients, physicians must select among various treatment methods that have a risk factor. Since the risks of treatment may outweigh the benefits, treatment schedule is critical in clinical decision making. Manually deciding which medications and treatments are going to be successful takes a lot of expertise and can be hard. In this paper, we offer a computational solution to predict the mortality of various types of cancer patients. The solution is based on the analysis of diagnosis, medication, and treatment parameters that can be easily acquired from electronic healthcare systems. A classification-based approach introduced to predict the mortality outcome of cancer patients. Several classifiers evaluated on the Medical Information Mart in Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) dataset. Diagnosis, medication, and treatment features extracted for breast, lung, prostate, and stomach cancer patients and relevant feature selection done with Logistic Regression. BestF1 scores were 0.74 for breast, 0.73 for lung, 0.82 for prostate, and 0.79 for stomach cancer. Best AUROC scores were 0.94 for breast, 0.91 for lung, 0.96 for prostate, and 0.88 for stomach cancer. In addition, using relevant features, results were very similar to the baseline for each cancer type. Using less features and a robust machine-learning model, the proposed approach can be easily implemented in hospitals when there are limited data and resources available.
Cloning and structural basis of fluorescent protein color variants from identical species of sea anemone, Diadumene lineata
Authors: Horiuchi Yuki , Makabe Koki , Laskaratou Danai , Hatori Kuniyuki , Sliwa Michel , Mizuno Hideaki , Hotta Jun-ichi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractDiadumene lineata is a colorful sea anemone with orange stripe tissue of the body column and plain tentacles with red lines. We subjected Diadumene lineata to expression cloning and obtained genes encoding orange (OFP: DiLiFP561) and red fluorescent proteins (RFPs: DiLiFP570 and DiLiFP571). These proteins formed obligatory tetramers. All three proteins showed bright fluorescence with the brightness of 58.3 mM−1·cm−1 (DiLiFP561), 43.9 mM−1·cm−1 (DiLiFP570), and 31.2 mM−1·cm−1 (DiLiFP571), which were equivalent to that of commonly used red fluorescent proteins. Amplitude-weighted average fluorescence lifetimes of DiLiFP561, DiLiFP570 and DiLiFP571 were determined as 3.7, 3.6 and 3.0 ns. We determined a crystal structure of DiLiFP570 at 1.63 Å resolution. The crystal structure of DiLiFP570 revealed that the chromophore has an extended π-conjugated structure similar to that of DsRed. Most of the amino acid residues surrounding the chromophore were common between DiLiFP570 and DiLiFP561, except M159 of DiLiFP570 (Lysine in DiLiFP561), which is located close to the chromophore hydroxyl group. Interestingly, a similar K-to-M substitution has been reported in a red-shifted variant of DsRed (mRFP1). It is a striking observation that the naturally evolved color-change variants are consistent with the mutation induced via protein engineering processes. The newly cloned proteins are promising as orange and red fluorescent markers for imaging with long fluorescence lifetime.
Graphical abstract
Synthesis, structural, and optical properties of (Ag/ZnS) core–shell nanostructures and their applications to polycrystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Seoudi Roshdi , Alghamdi Samiyah A. , Allehyani Saud 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe present work focuses on the two-step chemical synthesis of Ag/ZnS nanoparticles as core–shell nanoparticles. Various techniques were used to characterize nanoparticles, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and a Solar Simulator. UV–Vis spectral analysis of Ag/ZnS core–shell nanoparticles at 450, 469, and 498 nm reveals broad plasmon resonance bands. The solution of silver nanoparticles was redshifted by increasing its concentration. Core and shell images obtained from each nanoparticle show different contrasts, indicating that the core and shell materials differ. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ZnS NPs around AgNPs. Incorporating Ag/ZnS into polycrystalline silicon solar cells has improved efficiency from 13.02 to 14.29%.
“Harnessing Customer Feedback for Product Recommendations: An Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis Framework”
Authors: Yadav Nimesh Bali 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis research paper presents a novel approach for recommending products to customers based on their cared aspects by performing sentiment analysis on customer feedback. The proposed approach utilizes the WordNet database to identify and extract aspects from customer reviews and feedback, and then applies sentiment analysis techniques to determine the sentiment associated with each aspect. The resulting sentiment scores are then used to generate personalized product recommendations that align with the customer’s preferences and priorities. Here we extract the comments from an e-commerce website that is Amazon, and we then choose the most cared aspects from those comments. The dataset is publicly available online which contains reviews of each product. The chosen most cared aspects are price, colour, battery, and screen. These cared aspects are keywords that shopping online and recommending, will help to categorize the comments based on price, colour, battery, and screen. After categorizing the comments, it will be defined as the set of explicit comments. After an explicit comment set is defined, sentiment analysis is performed to systematically identify the interest of the customer through comments. Here the comments are classified into the polarity of given texts in an explicit comment set into positive, negative, and neutral. Finally, scores were calculated for all brands which will help to recommend the product.
The Controversial Involvement of Non-State Actors in the Commission of Enforced Disappearances: An Introduction
Authors: Ayat Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractEnforced disappearance is one of the most horrific crimes of our time. This is a crime that causes excruciating suffering to its victims: the disappeared and their families and relatives. Thousands of people have suffered, and are still suffering, all over the world from enforced disappearances. To combat this scourge, a United Nations Convention was adopted in 2006 and entered into force in 2010. It adopted a definition of enforced disappearance that includes an important element: the direct or indirect involvement of the State Party in the commission of the enforced disappearance. Yet, private entities (commonly referred to as non-State actors) can also commit acts similar to enforced disappearances. However, in the absence of the element of the State Party’s involvement, can we go so far as to qualify the acts perpetrated by non-State actors as enforced disappearances? This question has generated and continues to generate an interesting debate.
Pure point spectrum for dynamical systems and mean, Besicovitch and Weyl almost periodicity
Authors: LENZ DANIEL , SPINDELER TIMO , STRUNGARU NICOLAE 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider metrizable ergodic topological dynamical systems over locally compact,
$\sigma $
-compact abelian groups. We study pure point spectrum via suitable notions of almost periodicity for the points of the dynamical system. More specifically, we characterize pure point spectrum via mean almost periodicity of generic points. We then go on and show how Besicovitch almost periodic points determine both eigenfunctions and the measure in this case. After this, we characterize those systems arising from Weyl almost periodic points and use this to characterize weak and Bohr almost periodic systems. Finally, we consider applications to aperiodic order.
Phylogenetic diversity in conservation: A brief history, critical overview, and challenges to progress
Authors: Cardillo Marcel 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSpecies that are evolutionarily distinct have long been valued for their unique and irreplaceable contribution to biodiversity. About 30 years ago, this idea was extended to the concept of phylogenetic diversity (PD): a quantitative, continuous-scale index of conservation value for a set of species, calculated by summing the phylogenetic branch lengths that connect them. This way of capturing evolutionary history has opened new opportunities for analysis, and has therefore generated a huge academic literature, but to date has had only limited impact on conservation practice or policy. In this review, I present a brief historical overview of PD research. I then examine the empirical evidence for the primary rationale of PD that it is the best proxy for “feature diversity,” which includes both known and unknown phenotypic characters, contributing to utilitarian value, ecosystem function, future resilience, and evolutionary potential. Surprisingly, it is only relatively recently that this rationale has been subject to systematic empirical scrutiny, and to date, there are mixed results on the connection between PD and phenotypic diversity. Finally, I examine the least well-studied, but potentially greatest challenge for PD: its dependence on the reliability of phylogenetic inference itself. The very few studies that have investigated this so far show that the ranking of species assemblages by their PD values can vary substantially under alternative, routine, phylogenetic methods and assumptions. If PD is to become more widely adopted into conservation decision-making, it will be important to better understand the conditions under which it performs well, and those under which it performs poorly.
An evaluation of journalistic reporting on schizophrenia in the Irish news media
Authors: Godfrey Emmet , Gavin Conor , Haskins Elaine , O’Meara Áine , O’Connor Karen , Donohoe Gary 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectives:Schizophrenia represents one of the most stigmatised of mental disorders. Despite public awareness campaigns to raise awareness and increase understanding of mental health disorders, schizophrenia continues to be poorly understood. In this context, this study aims to provide a descriptive analysis of reporting on schizophrenia in the Irish online print news media.Methods:Online printed news articles which made reference to schizophrenia or related terms in 2021, the latest year for which full date was available, were collected. A list of criteria considered good reporting practise on mental illness in the media was curated. Additionally, a scale was developed based on these criteria to assign a valence to each article in terms of characteristics that were either stigma reinforcing or stigma challenging.Results:A total of 656 articles were included in the analysis. A majority of articles were found to avoid stigma reinforcing criteria (e.g. use of pejorative language). By contrast, few characteristics considered stigma challenging criteria were being endorsed (e.g. inclusion of a first person account). Overall sample valences show good reporting practises, but also suggested targets for improvement.Conclusions:While Irish online print news reports on schizophrenia and related illnesses avoid many stigmatising characteristics, many opportunities to challenge stigma remain.