bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a long‐term follow up service for bariatric surgical patients in the community: Patient and professional perspectives
Authors: Graham Yitka , Fox Ann , Mahawar Kamal , Parrott Julie , Khalil Fadi , Hayes Catherine 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIn the UK, bariatric surgical patients are followed up for 2 years post‐operatively in hospital settings, before being discharged into General Practice for long‐term follow‐up. Presently, there is ambiguous guidance as to what should be included in a community‐based bariatric surgical follow‐up service. The aim of the study was to understand, from both patient and professional perspectives, what is needed to support the long‐term management of bariatric surgical patients in community‐based settings.MethodsPost‐surgical bariatric patients and General Practice staff were recruited from an area in the UK which has an National Health Service (NHS) hospital providing a high‐volume and established bariatric surgical service. Data was collected through semi‐structured interviews. A thematic analytic framework was used to construct eight themes which illuminated the participants' experiences. The study took place between March and December 2021.FindingsThirty participants (14 patients and 16 healthcare professionals) were recruited to the study. The study revealed the lack of a framework for delivery of a long‐term follow up service was frustrating to both patients and professionals. Patient participants reported needing more support, especially dietetic and psychological input, and professionals stated they had little knowledge about bariatric surgical care, and what was needed to provide optimal care, but wanted to provide quality patient care.ConclusionLong‐term follow up of bariatric surgical patients is an important issue which needs addressing. This study illuminates both the patient and professional perspectives on developing a pragmatic, community‐based service which meets the needs of patients and considers the need to incorporate such a service into existing infrastructures without adding additional demands on General Practice.
Does social exposure influence locals' and migrants' city attachment? Comparing residential areas and activity spaces
Authors: Lin Shuting , Ta Na 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCity attachment captures individual migrants' emotional bonds to their host city and is an essential indicator of their social integration. Although a growing literature has investigated the impact of the residence‐based social environment on city attachment, few works have attempted to unravel the effects of social exposure in an individual's daily activity space. Drawing on an activity diary survey and census data from Shanghai, we examine how social exposure in residential areas and activity spaces influences an individual's city attachment. Specifically, we compare these differences among local residents, urban migrants, and rural migrants. Social exposure is measured by time‐weighted migrant exposure in residential and activity spaces, capturing the social mix among locals and migrants. We find that the city attachment of local residents is greater than that of migrants. There are also significant differences in migrant exposure among the three groups: Local residents have the lowest migrant exposure, while rural migrants possess the highest. Moreover, people living in residential spaces with higher migrant exposure experience lower exposure levels in activity spaces. Each of the three groups also reveals a distinct impact of social exposure on city attachment. For local residents, residence‐based migrant exposure has a significant positive impact on their city attachment. For urban migrants, however, the effect of migrant exposure on their city attachment is statistically insignificant. Finally, for rural migrants, activity‐based migrant exposure negatively impacts their city attachment. Accordingly, this study indicates that the social mix in both residential areas and activity spaces, for example, workplace or routine activity locations, should be evaluated to promote individuals' social integration.
Antiplatelet effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection in acute ischemic stroke: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Chen Chunxiang , Lv Huihui , Shan Lili , Long Xie , Guo Cen , Huo Yajing , Lu Lingdan , Zhou Yinting , Liu Mingyuan , Wu Haibo , Zhu Desheng , Han Yan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study was designed to evaluate antiplatelet effect and therapeutic effect of ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine injection (GDLI) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. In this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, we randomly assigned 70 inpatients within 48 hr after the onset of AIS to combination therapy with GDLI and aspirin (GDLI at a dose of 25 mg/d for 14 days plus aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/d for 90 days) or to placebo plus aspirin in a ratio of 1:1. Platelet function, the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were evaluated. A good outcome was defined as NIHSS scores decrease ≥5 or mRS scores decrease ≥2. Results showed that arachidonic acid induced maximum platelet aggregation rate (AA‐MAR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) of the GDLI‐aspirin group were much lower than that of the aspirin group (p = 0.013 and p = 0.034, respectively) after the 14‐day therapy. The combination of GDLI and aspirin was superior to aspirin alone, and had significant impact on the good outcome at day 90 (ORadj 7.21 [95%CI, 1.03–50.68], p = 0.047). In summary, GDLI has antiplatelet effect and can improve the prognosis of AIS patients.
Centimeter‐Sized Piezoelectric Single Crystal of Chiral Bismuth‐Based Hybrid Halide with Superior Electrostrictive Coefficient
Authors: Tao Kezheng , Zhang Bowen , Li Qiang , Yan Qingfeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe lead‐free hybrid perovskite piezoelectrics possess advantages of easy processing, light weight, and low‐toxicity over inorganic ceramics. However, the lack of understanding in structure–property relationships hinders exploration of new molecular piezoelectric crystals with excellent performances. Herein, by introducing chiral α‐phenylethylammonium (α‐PEA+) cations into bismuth‐based hybrid halides, centimeter‐sized (R‐α‐PEA)4Bi2I10 and (S‐α‐PEA)4Bi2I10 single crystals with a superior piezoelectric voltage coefficient g22 of 309 mV m N−1, are obtained. Structural rigidity in crystals leads to a remarkable electrostrictive coefficient Q22 of 25.8 m4 C−2, nearly 20 times higher than that of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), which is beneficial to improve piezoelectricity with the synergistic effect of chirality. Moreover, the as‐grown crystals show outstanding phase stability from 173 K to ≈470 K. This work suggests a design strategy based on rigidity and chirality to exploit novel piezoelectrics among hybrid metal halides.
Monotone iterative finite volume algorithms for coupled systems of first‐order nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Roy Rupsha , Aggarwal Aekta , Vijesh V. Antony 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper studies coupled systems of first‐order nonlinear partial differential equations, where the first equation is an advection equation with a source term. The system is known to model physical phenomena such as general blood–tissue exchange (BTEX) and the gas–solid interphase heat transfer for the fast igniting catalytic converter. We propose a finite volume implicit–explicit approximation for the system and establish the existence and uniqueness of the classical solution of the system using the method of upper and lower solutions. The error estimates for the numerical scheme are also derived for each iteration of the monotone iterative method. Numerical tests show that the proposed scheme can accurately describe the behavior of various physical phenomena. The performance of the scheme is compared with the existing results in the literature and the numerical solutions are shown to preserve physical properties of the solutions such as positivity, blow up behavior in finite time, and concentration of the impulse.
Rheumatoid arthritis study of the Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR): nationwide presentation and worldwide stance
Authors: Gheita Tamer A. , Raafat Hala A. , El-Bakry Samah A. , Elsaman Ahmed , El-Saadany Hanan M. , Hammam Nevin , El-Gazzar Iman I. , Samy Nermeen , Elsaid Nora Y. , Al-Adle Suzan S. , Tharwat Samar , Ibrahim Amira M. , Fawzy Samar M. , Eesa Nahla N. , Shereef Rawhya El , Ismail Faten , Elazeem Mervat I Abd , Abdelaleem Enas A. , El-Bahnasawy Amany , Selim Zahraa I. , Gamal Nada M. , Nassr Maha , Nasef Samah I. , Moshrif Abdel Hafeez , Elwan Shereen , Abdel-Fattah Yousra H. , Amer Marwa A. , Mosad Doaa , Mohamed Eman F. , El-Essawi Dina F. , Taha Hanan , Salem Mohamed N. , Fawzy Rasha M. , Ibrahim Maha E. , Khalifa Asmaa , Abaza Nouran M. , Abdalla Ahmed M. , El-Najjar Amany R. , Azab Noha A. , Fathi Hanan M. , El-Hadidi Khaled , El-Hadidi Tahsin ,   The Egyptian College of Rheumatology (ECR) Rheumatoid Arthritis Study Group
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo depict the spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Egypt in relation to other universal studies to provide broad-based characteristics to this particular population. This work included 10,364 adult RA patients from 26 specialized Egyptian rheumatology centers representing 22 major cities all over the country. The demographic and clinical features as well as therapeutic data were assessed. The mean age of the patients was 44.8 ± 11.7 years, disease duration 6.4 ± 6 years, and age at onset 38.4 ± 11.6 years; 209 (2%) were juvenile-onset. They were 8750 females and 1614 males (F:M 5.4:1). 8% were diabetic and 11.5% hypertensive. Their disease activity score (DAS28) was 4.4 ± 1.4 and health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) 0.95 ± 0.64. The rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) were positive in 73.7% and 66.7% respectively. Methotrexate was the most used treatment (78%) followed by hydroxychloroquine (73.7%) and steroids (71.3%). Biologic therapy was received by 11.6% with a significantly higher frequency by males vs females (15.7% vs 10.9%, p = 0.001). The least age at onset, F:M, RF and anti-CCP positivity were present in Upper Egypt (p < 0.0001), while the highest DAS28 was reported in Canal cities and Sinai (p < 0.0001). The HAQ was significantly increased in Upper Egypt with the least disability in Canal cities and Sinai (p = 0.001). Biologic therapy intake was higher in Lower Egypt followed by the Capital (p < 0.0001). The spectrum of RA phenotype in Egypt is variable across the country with an increasing shift in the F:M ratio. The age at onset was lower than in other countries.
Pulmonary manifestations in VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Kouranloo Koushan , Ashley Athea , Zhao Sizheng Steven , Dey Mrinalini 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, auto-inflammatory, somatic) syndrome is a newly described auto-inflammatory disease. Many cases feature pulmonary infiltrates or respiratory failure. This systematic review aimed to summarize respiratory manifestations in VEXAS syndrome described to date.

Methods
Databases were searched for articles discussing VEXAS syndrome until May 2022. The research question was: What are the pulmonary manifestations in patients with VEXAS syndrome? The search was restricted to English language and those discussing clinical presentation of disease. Information on basic demographics, type and prevalence of pulmonary manifestations, co-existing disease associations and author conclusions on pulmonary involvement were extracted. The protocol was registered on the PROSPERO register of systematic reviews.

Results
Initially, 219 articles were retrieved with 36 ultimately included (all case reports or series). A total of 269 patients with VEXAS were included, 98.6% male, mean age 66.8 years at disease onset. The most frequently described pulmonary manifestation was infiltrates (43.1%; n = 116), followed by pleural effusion (7.4%; n = 20) and idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (3.3%; n = 9). Other pulmonary manifestations were: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (n = 1), bronchiolitis obliterans (n = 3), pulmonary vasculitis (n = 6), bronchiectasis (n = 1), alveolar haemorrhage (n = 1), pulmonary embolism (n = 4), bronchial stenosis (n = 1), and alveolitis (n = 1). Several patients had one or more co-existing autoimmune/inflammatory condition. It was not reported which patients had particular pulmonary manifestations.

Conclusion
This is the first systematic review undertaken in VEXAS patients. Our results demonstrate that pulmonary involvement is common in this patient group. It is unclear if respiratory manifestations are part of the primary disease or a co-existing condition. Larger epidemiological analyses will aid further characterisation of pulmonary involvement and disease management.
Higher Hölder regularity for mixed local and nonlocal degenerate elliptic equations
Authors: Garain Prashanta , Lindgren Erik 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe consider equations involving a combination of local and nonlocal degenerate p-Laplace operators. The main contribution of the paper is almost Lipschitz regularity for the homogeneous equation and Hölder continuity with an explicit Hölder exponent in the general case. For certain parameters, our results also imply Hölder continuity of the gradient. In addition, we establish existence, uniqueness and local boundedness. The approach is based on an iteration in the spirit of Moser combined with an approximation method.
Wolff potentials and measure data vectorial problems with Orlicz growth
Authors: Chlebicka Iwona , Youn Yeonghun , Zatorska-Goldstein Anna 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe study solutions to measure data elliptic systems with Uhlenbeck-type structure that involve operator of divergence form, depending continuously on the spacial variable, and exposing doubling Orlicz growth with respect to the second variable. Pointwise estimates for the solutions that we provide are expressed in terms of a nonlinear potential of generalized Wolff type. Not only we retrieve the recent sharp results proven for p-Laplace systems, but additionally our study covers the natural scope of operators with similar structure and natural class of Orlicz growth.
Quantitative futility in emergency laparotomy: an exploration of early-postoperative death in the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit
Authors: Javanmard-Emamghissi H. , Doleman B. , Lund J. N. , Frisby J. , Lockwood S. , Hare S. , Moug S. , Tierney G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Quantitative futility is an appraisal of the risk of failure of a treatment. For those who do not survive, a laparotomy has provided negligible therapeutic benefit and may represent a missed opportunity for palliation. The aim of this study was to define a timeframe for quantitative futility in emergency laparotomy and investigate predictors of futility using the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) database.

Methods
A two-stage methodology was used; stage one defined a timeframe for futility using an online survey and steering group discussion; stage two applied this definition to patients enrolled in NELA December 2013–December 2020 for analysis. Futility was defined as all-cause mortality within 3 days of emergency laparotomy. Baseline characteristics of this group were compared to all others. Multilevel logistic regression was carried out with potentially clinically important predictors defined a priori.

Results
Quantitative futility occurred in 4% of patients (7442/180,987). Median age was 74 years (range 65–81 years). Median NELA risk score was 32.4% vs. 3.8% in the surviving cohort (p < 0.001). Early mortality patients more frequently presented with sepsis (p < 0.001). Significant predictors of futility included age, arterial lactate and cardiorespiratory co-morbidity. Frailty was associated with a 38% increased risk of early mortality (95% CI 1.22–1.55). Surgery for intestinal ischaemia was associated with a two times greater chance of futile surgery (OR 2.67; 95% CI 2.50–2.85).

Conclusions
Quantitative futility after emergency laparotomy is associated with quantifiable risk factors available to decision-makers preoperatively. These findings should be incorporated qualitatively by the multidisciplinary team into shared decision-making discussions with extremely high-risk patients.
Algorithms in the court: does it matter which part of the judicial decision-making is automated?
Authors: Barysė Dovilė , Sarel Roee 
Published: January 2023

AbstractArtificial intelligence plays an increasingly important role in legal disputes, influencing not only the reality outside the court but also the judicial decision-making process itself. While it is clear why judges may generally benefit from technology as a tool for reducing effort costs or increasing accuracy, the presence of technology in the judicial process may also affect the public perception of the courts. In particular, if individuals are averse to adjudication that involves a high degree of automation, particularly given fairness concerns, then judicial technology may yield lower benefits than expected. However, the degree of aversion may well depend on how technology is used, i.e., on the timing and strength of judicial reliance on algorithms. Using an exploratory survey, we investigate whether the stage in which judges turn to algorithms for assistance matters for individual beliefs about the fairness of case outcomes. Specifically, we elicit beliefs about the use of algorithms in four different stages of adjudication: (i) information acquisition, (ii) information analysis, (iii) decision selection, and (iv) decision implementation. Our analysis indicates that individuals generally perceive the use of algorithms as fairer in the information acquisition stage than in other stages. However, individuals with a legal profession also perceive automation in the decision implementation stage as less fair compared to other individuals. Our findings, hence, suggest that individuals do care about how and when algorithms are used in the courts.
A global analysis of habitat fragmentation research in reptiles and amphibians: what have we done so far?
Authors: Tan W. C. , Herrel A. , Rödder D. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractHabitat change and fragmentation are the primary causes of biodiversity loss worldwide. Recent decades have seen a surge of funding, published papers and citations in the field as these threats to biodiversity continue to rise. However, how research directions and agenda are evolving in this field remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the current state of research on habitat fragmentation (due to agriculture, logging, fragmentation, urbanisation and roads) pertaining to two of the most threatened vertebrate groups, reptiles and amphibians. We did so by conducting a global scale review of geographical and taxonomical trends on the habitat fragmentation types, associated sampling methods and response variables. Our analyses revealed a number of biases with existing research efforts being focused on three continents (e.g., North America, Europe and Australia) and a surplus of studies measuring species richness and abundance. However, we saw a shift in research agenda towards studies utilising technological advancements including genetic and spatial data analyses. Our findings suggest important associations between sampling methods and prevalent response variables but not with the types of habitat fragmentation. These research agendas are found homogeneously distributed across all continents. Increased research investment with appropriate sampling techniques is crucial in biodiversity hotpots such as the tropics where unprecedented threats to herpetofauna exist.
Deep learning-based user experience evaluation in distance learning
Authors: Sadigov Rahim , Yıldırım Elif , Kocaçınar Büşra , Patlar Akbulut Fatma , Catal Cagatay 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic caused uncertainties in many different organizations, institutions gained experience in remote working and showed that high-quality distance education is a crucial component in higher education. The main concern in higher education is the impact of distance education on the quality of learning during such a pandemic. Although this type of education may be considered effective and beneficial at first glance, its effectiveness highly depends on a variety of factors such as the availability of online resources and individuals’ financial situations. In this study, the effectiveness of e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic is evaluated using posted tweets, sentiment analysis, and topic modeling techniques. More than 160,000 tweets, addressing conditions related to the major change in the education system, were gathered from Twitter social network and deep learning-based sentiment analysis models and topic models based on latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithm were developed and analyzed. Long short term memory-based sentiment analysis model using word2vec embedding was used to evaluate the opinions of Twitter users during distance education and also, a topic model using the LDA algorithm was built to identify the discussed topics in Twitter. The conducted experiments demonstrate the proposed model achieved an overall accuracy of 76%. Our findings also reveal that the Covid-19 pandemic has negative effects on individuals 54.5% of tweets were associated with negative emotions whereas this was relatively low on emotion reports in the YouGov survey and gender-rescaled emotion scores on Twitter. In parallel, we discuss the impact of the pandemic on education and how users’ emotions altered due to the catastrophic changes allied to the education system based on the proposed machine learning-based models.