bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing and using a scalable assessment to measure preservice elementary teachers' content knowledge for teaching about matter
Authors: Castellano Katherine E. , Mikeska Jamie N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThere is strong agreement in science teacher education of the importance of teachers' content knowledge for teaching (CKT), which includes their subject matter knowledge and their pedagogical content knowledge. However, there are limited instruments that can be easily administered and scored on a large scale to assess and study elementary science teachers' CKT. Such measures would support strategic monitoring of large groups of science teachers' CKT and the investigation of comparative questions about science teachers' CKT longitudinally across the professional continuum or across teacher education or professional development sites. To address this gap, this study focused on designing an automatically scorable summative assessment that can be used to measure preservice elementary teachers' (PSETs') CKT in one high‐leverage science content area: matter and its interactions. We conducted a field test of this CKT instrument with 822 PSETs from across the United States and used the response data to examine how this instrument functions as a potential tool for measuring PSETs' CKT in this science content area. Results suggest this instrument is reliable and can be used on large scale to support valid inferences about PSETs' CKT in this content area. In addition, the dimensionality analysis showed that all items measure a single construct of CKT about matter and its interactions, as participants did not show any differential performance by content topic or work of teaching science instructional tool categories. Implications for progressing the field's understanding of the nature of CKT and approaches to developing summative instruments to assess science teachers' CKT are discussed.
Screening for pre‐eclampsia with competing‐risks model using placental growth factor measurement in blood samples collected before 11 weeks' gestation
Authors: Riishede I. , Ekelund C. K. , Sperling L. , Overgaard M. , Knudsen C. S. , Clausen T. D. , Pihl K. , Zingenberg H. J. , Wright A. , Wright D. , Tabor A. , Rode L. ,   Collaborators
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe the distributional properties and assess the performance of placental growth factor (PlGF) measured in blood samples collected before 11 weeks' gestation in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE).MethodsThe study population consisted of pregnant women included in the Pre‐eclampsia Screening in Denmark (PRESIDE) study with a PlGF measurement from the routine combined first‐trimester screening (cFTS) blood sample collected at 8–14 weeks' gestation. PRESIDE was a prospective multicenter study investigating the predictive performance of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first‐trimester screening algorithm for PE in a Danish population. In the current study, serum concentration of PlGF in the cFTS blood samples was analyzed in batches between January and June 2021.ResultsA total of 8386 pregnant women were included. The incidence of PE was 0.7% at < 37 weeks' gestation and 3.0% at ≥ 37 weeks. In blood samples collected at 10 weeks' gestation, PlGF multiples of the median (MoM) were significantly lower in pregnancies with preterm PE < 37 weeks compared to unaffected pregnancies. However, PlGF MoM did not differ significantly between pregnancies with PE and unaffected pregnancies in samples collected before 10 weeks' gestation.ConclusionsThe gestational‐age range for PlGF sampling may be expanded from 11–14 to 10–14 weeks when assessing the risk for PE using the FMF first‐trimester screening model. There is little evidence to support the use of PlGF in blood samples collected before 10 weeks' gestation. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Umami and Salty: A Cooperative Pair
Authors: Dunteman Aubrey , Lee Soo-Yeun 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSodium chloride, or salt, has long been added to foods for a variety of purposes. Despite the value it contributes to food in both functionality and sensory aspects, overconsumption increases the risk of many chronic diseases. A great deal of strategies has been used in attempts to maintain the functionality and sensory quality of foods with a reduced-sodium content to assist in reducing the incidence of sodium overconsumption. While strategies focusing on stealth reduction of sodium and modifying the physical structure of the food or salt crystal itself are potential options to food manufacturers hoping to reduce sodium content, strategies that modify the flavor profile of the food may provide viable solutions that do not necessitate lengthy timeframes to implement or costly equipment. Replacement of portions of salt with potassium chloride is arguably the most popular flavor modification strategy to reduce sodium content, although it is not without drawbacks including an often reduced salty taste and a high likelihood of conferring an off-taste. Incorporating umami as a flavor enhancer into reduced-sodium foods takes advantage of the saltiness-enhancing effect typically associated with the umami taste and can be utilized through a variety of different substances. Although monosodium glutamate is a well-known umami-conferring substance with ample investigation into its use in sodium reduced products, incorporation of ribonucleotides, certain amino acids, and umami-heavy ingredients such as tomatoes or mushrooms has also been investigated.
Umami and Healthy Aging
Authors: Kouzuki Minoru , Urakami Katsuya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter focuses on nutrition in older adults and discusses how umami can be used to improve their health. It is necessary to be well nourished in order to stay alive and remain healthy into old age. However, older people are at high risk of becoming malnourished due to age-related changes, such as decreases in saliva production, taste function, food intake, and digestive function. Previous studies have shown that interventions using umami may improve functional changes and nutritional challenges associated with aging. Additionally, reports suggest favorable effects of long-term consumption of monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), an umami seasoning agent, on nutritional status, quality of life, and cognitive function in older people. MSG could be used not only to enhance the taste of meals but also to help people live healthier lives through their daily diet.
Indigenous Conceptual Cartographies and Landscape Pedagogy: Vibrant Modalities Across Semiotic Domains
Authors: Zimmerman Michael , O’Donnell Noodin Margaret , Mayes Patricia , Perley Bernard C. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis chapter explores how aspects of the landscape can be incorporated in language teaching practices. Drawing on the area of research known as “linguistic landscape,” language teachers have recently begun to see the linguistic landscape as a pedagogical resource. Jaworski and Thurlow’s (2010) work broadens these ideas. They use the termsemiotic landscape, which is “any (public) space with visible inscription made through deliberate human intervention and meaning making” (p. 2). In addition, we link this approach to the notion ofindigenous conceptual cartographies, which we use to describe the multiple ways that indigenous teachers conceptualize language, landscape, and cosmology. This includes physical artifacts of cartographic representation such as maps, signs, and the landscape itself, as well as metaphorical cartographies such as ideas of the landscape, concepts of sustainability, and the relationships between language, landscape, and cosmology. We apply these concepts to one lesson that was organized as a narrated walking tour on the grounds of an indigenous community school, arguing that indigenous ways of learning in the landscape offer a rich experience that promotes not only language learning but also other learning that may help create a sustainable future.
Multilingual Landscapes in Telecollaboration: A Spanish-American Exchange
Authors: Vinagre Margarita , Llopis-García Reyes 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this chapter we aim to explore the role that the linguistic landscape (LL) can play in intercultural telecollaborative exchanges. Although research in the field of LL has gained worldwide interest over the last decade and some studies have analyzed its potential for foreign language learning (Cenoz J, Gorter D, Int Rev Appl Linguist Lang Teach 46(3):267–287, 2008; Gorter D, Cenoz J, Knowledge about language and linguistic landscape. In: Hornberger N (ed), Encyclopedia of language and education. Springer Science, Berlin, pp. 1–13, 2007; Dagenais D et al, Linguistic landscape and language awareness. In: Shohamy E, Gorter D (eds), Linguistic landscape: expanding the scenery. Routledge, New York, pp. 253–269, 2009; Gorter D, Ann Rev Appl Linguist 33:190–212, 2013; Malinowski D et al, Language teaching in the linguistic landscape: mobilizing pedagogy in public space. Springer, Berlin, 2020; Niedt G, Seals C (eds) Linguistic landscapes beyond the language classroom. Bloomsbury Academic, New York, 2020; Krompák E et al (eds) Linguistic landscapes and educational spaces. Multilingual Matters, Bristol, 2021; Solmaz O, Przymus S (eds) Linguistic landscapes in English language teaching: a pedagogical guidebook. Available fromhttps://www.llineltproject.com/, 2021), works that analyze its impact for language and culture awareness in telecollaboration are still scarce (Vinagre M, Engaging with difference: integrating the linguistic landscape in virtual exchange. System 105:102750.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102750,2022).In order to explore these issues, we organized an exchange between undergraduate students of English at Autónoma University in Madrid (UAM) and undergraduate students of Spanish at Columbia University. Over the course of two and a half months the students worked together and discussed a series of topics relating to each other’s and their own cultures. As a final task they were required to take photos of shops, posters, announcements, and walls in their respective cities that showed how English was used in Madrid and how Spanish was used in New York. Findings suggest that attending to the LL as an activity within a telecollaborative exchange provides an ideal opportunity for learning about language diversity from an intercultural perspective. The project also provided evidence of its potential for the creation of a dialogic third space in which participants negotiated their cultural identities.
Was ist Neoliberalismus?
Authors: Lenk Alexander 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungBei dem Versuch, die aufgeworfene Frage mit geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Lexika-Beiträgen zu klären, zeigen sich Leerstellen und diffuse Erklärungsversuche, wohingegen über die Definition von Liberalismus weitestgehend Einigkeit herrscht: So konstatiert Zöller (2014: 273).
Epilog
Authors: Lenk Alexander 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDas besondere Subjektivierungs- und Ausbeutungsregime in der deutschen Hochschullandschaft erfordert auch ein Nachwort sui generis. Wie eingangs angekündigt, folgt nun die politische Botschaft der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit. Dazu werden im Folgenden – entgegen traditionellen akademischen Imperativen – politische Forderungen formuliert. Eine empirische Bodenhaftung erhalten die politischen Schlussfolgerungen durch Aussagen der Interviewteilnehmer*innen zu ihren Zukunftsperspektiven und Wünschen (vgl. Electronic Supplementary Material).
On asymptotic dark energy in string theory
Authors: Cremonini Sera , Gonzalo Eduardo , Rajaguru Muthusamy , Tang Yuezhang , Wrase Timm 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We examine bounds on accelerated expansion in asymptotic regions of the moduli space in string theory compactifications to four spacetime dimensions. While there are conjectures that forbid or constrain accelerated expansion in such asymptotic regions, potential counter examples have been discussed recently in the literature. We check whether such counter examples can arise in explicit string theory constructions, focusing in particular on non-geometric compactifications of type IIB string theory that have no Kähler moduli. We find no violation of the Strong Asymptotic dS Conjecture and thus provide support for the absence of accelerated expansion in asymptotic regions of a barely explored corner of the string landscape. Moreover, working in a simplified setting, we point out a new mechanism for potentially connecting the Sharpened Distance Conjecture and the Strong Asymptotic dS Conjecture. If this argument could be generalized, it would mean that the Sharpened Distance Conjecture is implied by the Strong Asymptotic dS Conjecture, and that their exponential factors are naturally related by a factor of 2.
Time measurement in insect photoperiodism: external and internal coincidence
Authors: Saunders David S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe identity and nature of the photoperiodic photoreceptors are now quite well known, as is the nature of the endocrine regulation of the resulting diapauses. The central problem of time measurement—how the photoperiodic clock differentiates long from short days—however, is still obscure, known only from whole-animal experiments and abstract models, although it is clearly a function of the insect circadian system. This review describes some of these experiments in terms of oscillator entrainment and two widely applicable photoperiodic clock models, external and internal coincidence, mainly using data from experiments on flesh flies (Sarcophaga spp) and the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.
A real-time calibration method for the numerical pollen forecast model COSMO-ART
Authors: Adamov Simon , Pauling Andreas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTechnologies for monitoring pollen concentrations in real-time made substantial advances in the past years and become increasingly available. This opens the possibility to calibrate numerical pollen forecast models in real-time and make a significant step forward regarding the quality of pollen forecasts. We present a method to use real-time pollen measurements in numerical pollen forecast models. The main idea is to calibrate model parameterizations and not to assimilate measurements in a nudging sense. This ensures that the positive effect persists throughout the forecast period and does not vanish after a few forecast hours. We propose to adapt in real-time both the model phenology scheme and the overall tuning factor that are present in any numerical pollen forecast model. To test this approach, we used the numerical pollen forecast model COSMO-ART (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling-Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) on a mesh size of 1.1 km covering the greater Alpine domain. Test runs covered two pollen seasons and included Corylus, Alnus, Betula and Poaceae pollen. Comparison with daily measurements from 13 Swiss pollen stations revealed that the model improvements are large, but fine-tuning of the method remains a challenge. We conclude that the presented approach is a first valuable step towards comprehensive real-time calibration of numerical pollen forecast models.
Sociodemographic and Behavioral Risk Correlates of PrEP Interest and Use Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles
Authors: Storholm Erik D. , Klein David J. , Pedersen Eric R. , D’Amico Elizabeth J. , Rodriguez Anthony , Garvey Rick , Tucker Joan S. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractYoung adults experiencing homelessness (YAEH) are at elevated risk for HIV compared to their stably housed peers. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV infection, yet YAEH have been largely overlooked in PrEP efforts to date despite YAEH reporting high overall interest in PrEP. We assessed individual, social, and structural variables associated with PrEP interest and use among a sample of 195 YAEH (ages 18–25) recruited from drop-in centers across Los Angeles County who met criteria for HIV risk. In the current sample, though most had heard of PrEP (81.0%), the majority were not interested in taking PrEP (68.2%) and only a minority had used/were using PrEP (11.8%). YAEH who identified as sexual and/or gender minority, reported knowing someone who had used PrEP, or recently accessed sexual health services were more likely to have used and/or reported interest in using PrEP. Those who reported more episodes of heavy drinking were less likely to report having used PrEP. Suggestions are provided for better integrating PrEP-related services into existing behavioral and health service programs for YAEH, as well as leveraging peers and fostering positive social norms to reduce PrEP-related stigma and increase interest and use of PrEP among YAEH.
Measuring cryptocurrency moment convergence using distance analysis
Authors: Cheah Jeremy Eng-Tuck , Dao Thong , Su Haozhe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis study measures the convergence and divergence of major cryptocurrencies by applying two distance measures used in machine learning. Particularly, the time-varying Euclidean distance measure was constructed by combining the first four moments (i.e. mean, variance, skewness and kurtosis) of the return distributions of cryptocurrencies following the $$\ell ^{2}$$

ℓ
2

-normalisation. It was found that major cryptocurrencies converged to the centroid during the 2018 market crash, but diverged before and after the crash. Their divergence could be due to the uncertainty arising from market news and regulatory events. In addition, Bitcoin cosine similarity measure was developed to provide further insights into the relationship between Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. This cosine similarity shows how each cryptocurrency moves relative to Bitcoin, which is not captured by the Euclidean distance. More importantly, it was demonstrated that the divergence of major cryptocurrencies from their centroids can improve Markowitz’s efficient frontier and provide more diversification benefits to investors and portfolio fund managers. Finally, a profitable trading strategy was provided based on the Euclidean distance.
The great crypto crash in September 2018: why did the cryptocurrency market collapse?
Authors: Manahov Viktor 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe cryptocurrency crash on the 5th of September, 2018, resulted in price decreases in 95 of the 100 leading digital currencies. We obtained millisecond data of some of the more prominent cryptocurrencies–bitcoin, ethereum, ripple, bitcoin cash and eos–and some of the smaller cryptocurrencies–neo, nem, omg, tezos and lisk–that were most affected in the crash and investigated what caused the digital market to collapse. We find that the behaviour of the more prominent cryptocurrencies and bitcoin, in particular, was the dominant factor behind the crash. We also find that smaller cryptocurrencies followed the behaviour of the larger ones in the crash. Furthermore, our empirical findings show that the trading behaviour of cryptocurrency traders (CTs) did not trigger the digital market crash. We propose the introduction of a single-cryptocurrency circuit breaker most prominent largest cryptocurrency–bitcoin–that will halt trading during market disruptions.
Fairness-aware fake news mitigation using counter information propagation
Authors: Saxena Akrati , Gutiérrez Bierbooms Cristina , Pechenizkiy Mykola 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGiven the adverse impact of fake news propagation on Social media, fake news mitigation has been one of the main research directions. However, existing approaches neglect fairness towards each community while minimizing the adverse impact of fake news propagation. This results in the exclusion of some minor and underrepresented communities from the benefits of the intervention, which can have important societal repercussions. This research proposes a fairness-aware truth-campaigning method, called FWRRS (Fairness-aware Weighted Reversible Reachable System), which focuses on blocking the influence propagation of a competing entity, in this case, with the use case of fake news mitigation. The proposed method employs weighted reversible reachable trees and maximin fairness to achieve its goals. Experimental analysis shows that FWRRS outperforms fairness-oblivious and fairness-aware methods in terms of both total outreach and fairness. The results show that in the proposed approach, such fairness does not come at a cost in efficiency, and in fact, in most cases, it works as a catalyst for achieving better effectiveness in the future. In real-world networks, we observe up to $$\sim $$
∼
10% improvement in the saved nodes and $$\sim $$
∼
57% improvement in maximin fairness as compared to the second best-performing baseline, which varies for each network.
A Perfused In Vitro Human iPSC-Derived Blood–Brain Barrier Faithfully Mimics Transferrin Receptor-Mediated Transcytosis of Therapeutic Antibodies
Authors: Burgio Floriana , Gaiser Carine , Brady Kevin , Gatta Viviana , Class Reiner , Schrage Ramona , Suter-Dick Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDelivering biologics to elicit a therapeutic response in the central nervous system (CNS) remains challenging due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Receptor-mediated transcytosis is a strategy to improve brain exposure after systemic drug administration. The availability of a clinically relevant in vitro BBB model is crucial to investigate transcytosis pathways and to predict the penetration of biologics into the CNS. We created a perfused human in vitro BBB model made of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) for studying transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis. iPSC-derived BMEC were seeded in the top channel of a three-lane microfluidic device (OrganoPlate®). After 2 days in culture, the established cell model exhibited relevant BBB features, including physiological transendothelial electrical resistance in a transwell setting (1500 Ω*cm2), reduced apparent permeability (Papp) to the fluorescence tracer Lucifer yellow (20-fold less than cell-free chips), expression of key BBB markers such as tight junctions proteins, transporters, receptors and functional P-gp efflux pump. Moreover, the model exhibited functional transferrin receptor-mediated uptake and transcytosis. To assess selective transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis, a mixture of anti-human transferrin receptor (MEM-189) and control (sheep IgG anti-bovine serum albumin) antibodies was perfused in the top channel for 2 h. The Papp of MEM-189 was 11-fold higher than that of the control antibody, demonstrating facilitated receptor-mediated transcytosis. Compared to published work reporting a 2-fold ratio, this result is remarkable and establishes the suitability of our model for exploring receptor-mediated transcytosis and screening of antibodies for putative brain shuttle application.
Graphical Abstract
A perfused in vitro human model made of iPSC-derived BMEC with the chief characteristics (barrier tightness, functionality) of the human BBB can be applied to study transferrin receptor (TfR)-mediated transcytosis of therapeutic antibodies. This may bring critical advances in drug shuttle technology. Graphical abstract generated with biorender.com.