bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of full immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age from deviant mothers/caregivers in Ethiopia: A multilevel analysis using 2016 demographic and health survey
Authors: Mihret Fetene Samrawit , Debebe Negash Wubshet , Shewarega Ever Siyoum , Asmamaw Desale Bihonegn , Belay Daniel Gashaneh , Teklu Rediet Eristu , Aragaw Fantu Mamo , Alemu Tewodros Getaneh , Eshetu Habitu Birhan , Fentie Elsa Awoke 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDespite remarkable improvements in child health services utilization, childhood immunization has been poorly implemented in Ethiopia. However, evidence on the coverage of immunization among children from mothers/caregivers with no education (non-educated mothers were the most identified risk for underutilization of services) are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the determinants of full immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age from deviant mothers/caregivers in Ethiopia.MethodsWe analyzed data from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) on a sample of 1,170 children 12–23 months of age identified from deviant mothers/caregivers (mothers/caregivers with no education) through a two-stage stratified sampling. A multilevel mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the individual and community level determinants of full immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age with their deviant mothers/caregivers. In the final model, a p-value of &lt; 0.05 and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to select statistically significant determinants of full immunization coverage.ResultsThe overall full immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age identified from deviant mothers/caregivers was 27.4% (95%CI: 25.0, 31.0) in Ethiopia. Deviant mothers/caregivers who are employed (AOR = 1.69, 95%CI: 1.68, 2.45), being in the rich household wealth status (AOR = 2.54, 95%CI: 1.53, 4.22), residing in city (AOR = 5.69, 95%CI: 2.39, 13.61), having one to three (AOR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.12–5.07) and four and more ANC follow-up during the recent pregnancy (AOR: 3.91, 95% CI: 2.45, 6.24) were the determinants that increased full immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age.ConclusionsFull immunization coverage among children 12–23 months of age from non-educated mothers/caregivers was low and far behind the national target of coverage. Therefore, a system-wide intervention should be used to enhance employability, wealth status, and key maternal health services like ANC follow-up among non-educated mothers/caregivers to increase their children's full immunization coverage.
The characteristics of HIV-1 subtype B on phylogenetic dynamic and molecular transmission network in Fuyang City, China, 2011 to 2019
Authors: Pan Wenting , Gao Nannan , Hu Bing , Yin Yueqi , Shen Yuelan , Yang Xiaohui , Wei Wei , Ni Jie , Dai Seying , Miao Lifeng , Qin Yizu , Jin Lin , Guo Hongxiong , Wu Jianjun 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionHIV-1 subtype B, as once one of the earliest strains introduced into mainland China rapidly spread in commercial plasma donors and heterosexuals in 1990s. Here, we aim to investigate the origin and evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype B in Fuyang city, China.MethodsWe collected sequences tested from Fuyang in the east of China where higher prevalence of HIV-1 among commercial plasma donors and heterosexuals to construct a phylogenetic tree using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm, infer molecular transmission network using TN93 model and visualize it with Cytoscape software.Results and discussionOur results showed that &gt;99% of subtype B sequences belonged to Thai B. The sequences from Fuyang often cluster closer to those from other its adjacent cities, which clustered together and formed a monophyletic cluster. HIV-1 B circulating in Fuyang dates back to approximately 1990. Among the 1,437 sequences, 166 clustered at a genetic distance of ≤1.2%, resulting in 73 clusters. The degree of clustering with at least one other person was 11.55%. Among the transmission clusters, 50 (80.65%) comprised two individuals. Most clusters consisted of both heterosexual transmission routes and men who have sex with men. Phylogenetic and molecular network analyses revealed a common origin with neighboring regions in mainland China, local onwards transmission after its introduction, and a limited clustering degree. However, at least two co-existing transmission routes in most transmission clusters imply a greater challenge in controlling the spread of HIV-1. Our findings highlight the value on tailoring prevention interventions by combination of molecular surveillance and epidemiology.
Evaluating the effective resolution of enhanced resolution SMAP brightness temperature image products
Authors: Long David G. , Brodzik Mary J. , Hardman Molly 
Published: March 2023

The MEaSUREs Calibrated Enhanced-Resolution Passive Microwave Daily Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid 2.0 Brightness Temperature (CETB) Earth System Data Record (ESDR) includes conventional- and enhanced-resolution radiometer brightness temperature (TB) images on standard, compatible grids from calibrated satellite radiometer measurements collected over a multi-decade period. Recently, the CETB team processed the first 4 years of enhanced resolution Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) L-band (1.41 GHz) radiometer TB images. The CETB processing employs the radiometer form of the Scatterometer Image Reconstruction (rSIR) algorithm to create enhanced resolution images, which are posted on fine resolution grids. In this paper, we evaluate the effective resolution of the SMAP TB image products using coastline and island crossings. We similarly evaluate the effective resolution of the SMAP L1C_TB_E enhanced resolution product that is based on Backus-Gilbert processing. We present a comparison of the spatial resolution of the rSIR and L1C_TB_E enhanced resolution products with conventionally-processed (gridded) SMAP data. We find that the effective resolution of daily CETB rSIR SMAP TB images is slightly finer than that of L1C_TB_E and about 30% finer than conventionally processed data.
Evolution of coronal magnetic field parameters during X5.4 solar flare
Authors: Garland Seth H. , Yurchyshyn Vasyl B. , Loper Robert D. , Akers Benjamin F. , Emmons Daniel J. 
Published: March 2023

The coronal magnetic field over NOAA Active Region 11,429 during a X5.4 solar flare on 7 March 2012 is modeled using optimization based Non-Linear Force-Free Field extrapolation. Specifically, 3D magnetic fields were modeled for 11 timesteps using the 12-min cadence Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager photospheric vector magnetic field data, spanning a time period of 1 hour before through 1 hour after the start of the flare. Using the modeled coronal magnetic field data, seven different magnetic field parameters were calculated for 3 separate regions: areas with surface |Bz|≥ 300 G, areas of flare brightening seen in SDO Atmospheric Imaging Assembly imagery, and areas with surface |B| ≥ 1000 G and high twist. Time series of the magnetic field parameters were analyzed to investigate the evolution of the coronal field during the solar flare event and discern pre-eruptive signatures. The data shows that areas with |B| ≥ 1000 G and |Tw|≥ 1.5 align well with areas of initial flare brightening during the pre-flare phase and at the beginning of the eruptive phase of the flare, suggesting that measurements of the photospheric magnetic field strength and twist can be used to predict the flare location within an active region if triggered. Additionally, the evolution of seven investigated magnetic field parameters indicated a destabilizing magnetic field structure that could likely erupt.
Effect of climate warming on the grain quality of early rice in a double-cropped rice field: A 3-year measurement
Authors: Wang Yong , Yang Taotao , Xiong Ruoyu , Zeng Yanhua , Zhang Jun , Tang Feiyu , Zeng Yongjun , Huang Shan 
Published: March 2023

IntroductionThe threat of climate warming to global rice production has been widely addressed, but little is known about its influence on the quality of rice grains.MethodsA free-air temperature increase (FATI) facility with two widely-planted high-quality cultivars was used to explore the impact of warming on the grain quality of early rice in subtropical China over 3 consecutive years.ResultsCompared with the control, FATI increased diurnal canopy temperature by 1.5°, and thus, rice growth duration was shortened by 4.0 d under warming. We found that warming significantly reduced both the milled rice and head rice rates relative to the control, thereby leading to a decrease in the milled rice and head rice yield by 3.9 and 8.3%, respectively. The chalky grain rate and chalkiness were increased by 19.1 and 22.2% under warming compared with the control, respectively. The content of protein, essential amino acids, and non-essential amino acids were increased by 4.1, 5.4, and 4.9% under warming, respectively. Warming reduced the amylose content and setback by 2.0 and 47.5% but increasing peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown, and final viscosity by 9.5, 13.6, 5.7, and 6.0%, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that the deteriorated milling and appearance quality induced by warming may be an upcoming challenge for high-quality early rice production in the future.
Eighteen cases of renal aneurysms: Clinical retrospective analysis and experience of endovascular interventional treatment
Authors: Lu Tao , Lin Bin , Zhang Yan-ping , Zhang Jian-hui , Luo Jie-Wei , Tang Yi , Fang Zhu-Ting 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundDevelopment of endovascular interventional techniques gradually replaced traditional open surgery and has become the preferred treatment for renal aneurysms. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of renal artery aneurysm (RAA) and the safety and efficacy of intravascular interventional treatment.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and imaging data of 23 aneurysms in 18 patients with RAA. The technical success rate, complication rate, mortality rate, reintervention rate, and use of embolization materials were evaluated.ResultsIn 18 patients with RAA (age, 32–72 years, average age, 52.2 ± 11.2 years), a total of 23 aneurysms were found (diameter 0.5–5.5 cm, average diameter 2.2 ± 1.4 cm). Among them, 11 cases (61.1%) were discovered accidentally, and the remaining patients were diagnosed due to the following major complaints: four cases (22.2%) presented low back pain, two (11.1%) were due to high blood pressure, and one (5.5%) had low back pain with gross hematuria. A total of 14 aneurysms in 13 patients received endovascular interventional therapy. The technical success rate of 13 patients with renal aneurysms was 100%. Three of the 18 patients were lost to follow-up, and the remaining were followed up for 4–89 months. There was no recurrence of the aneurysm or displacement of the stent or coil.ConclusionEndovascular treatment for RAA has a high success rate, low complication rate, and low reintervention rate. It has the advantage of less trauma and is flexible and more targeted for different types of renal aneurysms.
Maternal nano-titanium dioxide inhalation alters fetoplacental outcomes in a sexually dimorphic manner
Authors: Griffith Julie A. , Dunn Allison , DeVallance Evan , Schafner Kallie J. , Engles Kevin J. , Batchelor Thomas P. , Goldsmith William T. , Wix Kimberley , Hussain Salik , Bowdridge Elizabeth C. , Nurkiewicz Timothy R. 
Published: March 2023

The placenta plays a critical role in nutrient-waste exchange between the maternal and fetal circulations, thus functioning as an interface that profoundly impacts fetal growth and development. The placenta has long been considered an asexual organ, but, due to its embryonic origin it shares the same sex as the fetus. Exposures to toxicant such as diesel exhaust, have been shown to result in sexually dimorphic outcomes like decreased placental mass in exposed females. Therefore, we hypothesize that maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure during gestation alters placental hemodynamics in a sexually dimorphic manner. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed from gestational day 10–19 to nano-TiO2 aerosols (12.17 ± 1.69 mg/m3) or filtered air (sham-control). Dams were euthanized on GD20, and fetal tissue was collected based on fetal sex: whole placentas, placental junctional zone (JZ), and placental labyrinth zone (LZ). Fetal mass, placental mass, and placental zone percent areas were assessed for sex-based differences. Exposed fetal females were significantly smaller compared to their exposed male counterparts (2.65 ± 0.03 g vs 2.78 ± 0.04 g). Nano-TiO2 exposed fetal females had a significantly decreased percent junctional zone area compared to the sham-control females (24.37 ± 1.30% vs 30.39 ± 1.54%). The percent labyrinth zone area was significantly increased for nano-TiO2 females compared to sham-control females (75.63 ± 1.30% vs 69.61 ± 1.54%). Placental flow and hemodynamics were assessed with a variety of vasoactive substances. It was found that nano-TiO2 exposed fetal females only had a significant decrease in outflow pressure in the presence of the thromboxane (TXA2) mimetic, U46619, compared to sham-control fetal females (3.97 ± 1.30 mm Hg vs 9.10 ± 1.07 mm Hg) and nano-TiO2 fetal males (9.96 ± 0.66 mm Hg). Maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure has a greater effect on fetal female mass, placental zone mass and area, and adversely impacts placental vasoreactivity. This may influence the female growth and development later in life, future studies need to further study the impact of maternal nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure on zone specific mechanisms.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to neglected tropical diseases (schistosomiasis and fascioliasis) of public health importance: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Riaz Sajida , Ahmed Haroon , Kiani Sana Azeem , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Simsek Sami , Celik Figen , Wasif Samia , Bangash Nazneen , Naqvi Syed Kamran , Zhang Jing , Cao Jianping 
Published: March 2023

BackgroundSnails play an important role as an intermediate host in various parasitic diseases, which are referred to as snail-borne parasitic diseases (SBPDs). The prevalence of the SBPDs, schistosomiasis and fascioliasis is low in Pakistan compared to other countries. The present study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to these two SPBDs and risk factors associated with them among the humans living in close contact with livestock and pets from three regions of Pakistan: Punjab, Islamabad and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK).MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge, attitude and practices related to schistosomiasis and fascioliasis during 2021–2022.ResultsThe majority of the 507 participants who were interviewed had good knowledge of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis: 43% were aware of schistosomiasis and 57% were aware of fascioliasis, but only 25% knew about snails as an intermediate host. Most respondents had a positive attitude toward treatment, prevention and control of the diseases but they did not have any healthcare facilities.ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of the public's awareness for the need to control SBPDs. It also draws attention to the need for health education for risk reduction and the prevention of SBPDs in endemic areas.
Semantic Communities from Graph-Inspired Visual Representations of Cityscapes
Authors: Balaska Vasiliki , Theodoridis Eudokimos , Papapetros Ioannis-Tsampikos , Tsompanoglou Christoforos , Bampis Loukas , Gasteratos Antonios 
Published: March 2023

The swift development of autonomous vehicles raises the necessity of semantically mapping the environment by producing distinguishable representations to recognise similar areas. To this end, in this article, we present an efficient technique to cut up a robot’s trajectory into semantically consistent communities based on graph-inspired descriptors. This allows an agent to localise itself in future tasks under different environmental circumstances in an urban area. The proposed semantic grouping technique utilizes the Leiden Community Detection Algorithm (LeCDA), which is a novel and efficient method of low computational complexity and exploits semantic and topometric information from the observed scenes. The presented experimentation was carried out on a novel dataset from the city of Xanthi, Greece (dubbed as Gryphonurban urban dataset), which was recorded by RGB-D, IMU and GNSS sensors mounted on a moving vehicle. Our results exhibit the formulation of a semantic map with visually coherent communities and the realisation of an effective localisation mechanism for autonomous vehicles in urban environments.
Investigating the Timing and Extent of Juvenile and Fetal Bone Diagenesis in a Temperate Environment
Authors: Hale Amanda R. , Ross Ann H. 
Published: March 2023

It is well understood that intrinsic factors of bone contribute to bone diagenesis, including bone porosity, crystallinity, and the ratio of organic to mineral components. However, histological analyses have largely been limited to adult bones, although with some exceptions. Considering that many of these properties are different between juvenile and adult bone, the purpose of this study is to investigate if these differences may result in increased degradation observed histologically in fetal and juvenile bone. Thirty-two fetal (n = 16) and juvenile (n = 16) Sus scrofa domesticus femora subject to different depositions over a period of two years were sectioned for histological observation. Degradation was scored using an adapted tunneling index. Results showed degradation related to microbial activity in both fetal and juvenile remains across depositions as early as three months. Buried juvenile remains consistently showed the greatest degradation over time, while the blanket fetal remains showed more minimal degradation. This is likely related to the buried remains’ greater contact with surrounding soil and groundwater during deposition. Further, most of the degradation was seen in the subendosteal region, followed by the subperiosteal region, which may suggest the initial microbial attack is from endogenous sources.
From Abundance to Extinction: Evolutionary History of European Aedemonini (Curculionidae) with a Description of the First Representative from Rovno Amber
Authors: Legalov Andrei A. , Vasilenko Dmitry V. , Perkovsky Evgeny E. 
Published: March 2023

Fossil weevils of the subfamily Molytinae are currently represented by 103 species in 42 genera from 14 tribes. Fossil records of the tribe Aedemonini are known from the Eocene of Europe. This tribe makes up 22% of the London Clay weevil specimens identified to the genus level and 16% of the Curculionidae genera. At present, the distribution of this tribe is mainly paleotropical, but it was very prominent in the paratropical biota of the London Clay in the early Eocene, and it was still represented in the biota of the amber forests of Europe that retained some tropical elements in the Priabonian. A new species, Electrorhinus vlaskini n. sp., from the tribe Aedemonini of the subfamily Molytinae, is described from Rovno amber. It differs from E. friedhelmi in the smaller body size, finely faceted eyes, a coarser rugose pronotum, and sparser scales on the body. A list of the fossil Molytinae is compiled. This is the first record of a weevil of the subfamily Molytinae in Rovno amber, and the second finding of a representative of the genus Electrorhinus in the late Eocene and the third record of a species of Aedemonini preserved as a fossil. A key to European species of Molytinae with a rostral channel from Europe is given.
The Genus Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) in South America: Nomenclatural Review and Taxonomic Notes with the Description of a New Species from North Peru
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Montesinos-Tubée Daniel B. 
Published: March 2023

All the names in Paronychia described from South America are investigated. Five names (P. arbuscula, P. brasiliana subsp. brasiliana var. pubescens, P. coquimbensis, P. hieronymi, and P. mandoniana) are lecto- or neotypified on specimens preserved at GOET, K, LP, and P. The typification of nine names, first proposed by Chaudhri in 1968 as the “holotype” are corrected according to Art. 9.10 of ICN. Three second-step typifications (Art. 9.17 of ICN) are proposed for P. camphorosmoides, P. communis, and P. hartwegiana. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: P. arequipensis comb. et stat. nov. (basionym: P. microphylla subsp. microphylla var. arequepensis), P. compacta nom. nov. pro P. andina (Philippi non Gray; Art. 53.1 of ICN), P. jujuyensis comb. et stat. nov. (basionym: P. hieronymi subsp. hieronymi var. jujuyensis), P. compacta subsp. boliviana comb. nov. (basionym: P. andina subsp. boliviana), and P. compacta subsp. purpurea comb. nov. (basionym: P. andina subsp. purpurea). A new species (P. glabra sp. nov.) is proposed based on our examination of live plants and herbarium specimens. P. johnstonii subsp. johnstonii var. scabrida is synonymized (syn. nov.) with P. johnstonii. Finally, P. argyrocoma subsp. argyrocoma is excluded from South America since it was based on misidentified specimens (deposited at MO) of P. andina subsp. andina. A total of 30 species (43 taxa including subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, and forms) are recognized, highlighting that for some (Paronychia chilensis, P. communis, P. setigera) we provisionally accept Chaudhri’s infraspecific classification, since the high phenotypic variability of these taxa is quite complicated and further investigations need to solve their taxonomy.
Optimization of a New Antioxidant Formulation Using a Simplex Lattice Mixture Design of Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Petroselinum crispum M. Grown in Northern Morocco
Authors: Nouioura Ghizlane , Tourabi Meryem , El Ghouizi Asmae , Kara Mohammed , Assouguem Amine , Saleh Asmaa , Kamaly Omkulthom Al , El Ouadrhiri Faiçal , Lyoussi Badiaa , Derwich El Houssine 
Published: March 2023

A statistical Simplex Lattice Mixture design was applied to develop a new formulation based on a combination of three plants grown in northern Morocco: Apium graveolens L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Petroselinum crispum M. We examined the extraction yield, total polyphenol content (TPC), 2′2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results of this screening study showed that C. sativum L. had the highest content of DPPH (53.22%) and TAC (37.46 ± 0.29 mg Eq AA/g DW) compared to the other two plants, while P. crispum M. showed the highest TPC (18.52 ± 0.32 mg Eq GA/g DW). Furthermore, the ANOVA analysis of the mixture design showed that all three responses (DPPH, TAC, and TPC) were statistically significant, with determination coefficients of 97%, 93%, and 91%, respectively, and fit the cubic model. Moreover, the diagnostic plots showed good correlation between the experimental and predicted values. Therefore, the best combination obtained under optimal conditions (P1 = 0.611, P2 = 0.289, P3 = 0.100) was characterized by DPPH, TAC, and TPC of 56.21%, 72.74 mg Eq AA/g DW, and 21.98 mg Eq GA/g DW, respectively. The results of this study reinforce the view of stimulating the effect of plant combinations to achieve better antioxidant activities, thus providing a better formulation using designs of mixtures for the food industry and in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, our findings support the traditional use of the Apiaceae plant species in managing many disorders cited in the Moroccan pharmacopeia.