bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of injectate spread and nerve coverage between single-injection intertransverse process block and paravertebral block at the T2 level: a cadaveric study
Authors: Kim Ji Yeong , Lee U-Young , Kim Do-Hyeong , Han Dong Woo , Kim Sang Hyun , Cho Yun Jeong , Jeong Hyeyoon , Kim Yun Ji , Yang A Rim , Park Hue Jung 
Published: September 2023

BackgroundWe compared the spread of an injectate into the thoracic sympathetic chain resulting from a single-injection intertransverse process (ITP) block with that of a single-injection PV block at the T2 level.MethodsSixteen soft-embalmed cadavers were used. The right hemithorax was randomly allocated to receive either an ultrasound-guided single-injection ITP block or ultrasound-guided single-injection PV block at the T2 vertebral level, with the opposite block administered to the other side. Approximately 10 mL of latex dye solution was injected into each hemithorax using a random allocation technique. The presence of dye at the nerve root in the sympathetic chain and intercostal nerves at the injection and additional levels was examined by dissection.ResultsThe injectate spread into the T2 sympathetic ganglion on both ITP (11/16, 68.8%) and PV (16/16, 100%) blocks. The ITP block demonstrated greater uniformity of dye staining in both the dorsal rami and dorsal root ganglion, which contrasts with the less consistent staining outcomes of the PV block in these regions.ConclusionsAt the T2 level, we observed a lower efficacy of the ITP block for analgesic coverage of the sympathetic nerve. This suggested a potential preference by clinicians for the application of the T2 PV block over the ITP block, specifically for the management of sympathetically maintained pain in the upper extremities. In addition, our findings may hint at the potential advantages of the ITP block in specific clinical contexts where targeted nerve involvement, such as the medial branch block or dorsal root ganglion block, is sought.
Pencegahan COVID-19 di Panti dan Pondok melalui Pendidikan dan Perilaku Hidup yang Bersih dan Sehat
Authors: Muhammad Iqbal , Putra Ngakan , Djajalaksana Susanthy , Sari Fitri , Falyani Silvy , Yusdianto Adrian , Fahmi Kristia 
Published: September 2023

Background: COVID-19 is an infectious illness that has become a global pandemic and is a major concern, particularly for children and other susceptible groups. The introduction of the viral variation that causes COVID-19 is also a hazard, particularly to youngsters, as the delta variant has infected children aged 1 to 14 years. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is an effective technique for preventing the spread of COVID-19 that may be used by all segments of society, including children.
Aim: This study intends to determine the efficacy of PHBS education as a COVID-19 preventive strategy at the Malang City Orphanage.
Methods: This study method is action research with a participatory action program strategy (participatory action program) pre-test and post-test engaging the target community group, which consists of 65 orphans in orphanages. The data was acquired by questionnaires administered before and after counseling in the form of PHBS education for COVID-19 prevention, and SPSS was used to process the data.
Results: The average score of respondents' knowledge prior to counseling was 85.08 and climbed to 94.15 after counseling; these results were statistically significant with a p-value of less than 0.05.
Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the level of knowledge of PHBS as a prevention of COVID-19 before and after counseling for orphans in orphanages.
Profil Klinikopatologi Meningioma di Instalasi Patologi Anatomi RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang Periode Tahun 2016-2020
Authors: Putri Anggie Sasmita Kharisma , Diah Prabawati  , Dewi Rose Khasana , Angelina Aina 
Published: September 2023

Background. The most common intracranial neoplasms worldwide is meningioma. It has been classified into three grades by World Health Organization (WHO) in which each grade has several histological variants. The prognosis of meningioma is affected by many factors including histopathological type of tumor, age, and gender.
Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of meningioma based on histopathological type, age, and gender from 2016 to 2020 in Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang.
Methods. This study was a quantitative descriptive study and data was collected from medical records from 2016 to 2020 in Department of Anatomic Pathology, Medical Faculty, Brawijaya University, Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang. Histopathological type of meningioma, age, and gender were acquired.
Results and Discussion. From 2016 to 2020, there were 96 eligible cases of meningioma. Ratio of men to women was 1:12.7. Meningioma was most commonly found in age group 41­50 years old (43.75%). The most common histopathological type of meningioma was meningotheliomatous meningioma (37.5%). The average of meningioma cases was 19 per year. In this study, there was an increase in incidence rate of meningioma in 2017, and decreased in 2020. It may happen because The government has a better referral system to provide health care, thus meningioma can be detected earlier.
Conclusion. Frequency of meningioma is higher in women than men, and increases with age until 50 years, which then decreases. Meningotheliomatous meningioma is the most common histopathological type in this study.
Genome-wide association study of abnormal elevation of ALT in patients exposed to atabecestat
Authors: Li Qingqin S. , Francke Stephan , Snoeys Jan , Thipphawong John , Romano Gary , Novak Gerald P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Atabecestat, a potent brain penetrable BACE1 inhibitor that reduces CSF amyloid beta (Aβ), was developed as an oral treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Elevated liver enzyme adverse events were reported in three studies although only one case met Hy’s law criteria to predict serious hepatotoxicity.

Method
We performed a case-control genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic risk variants associated with liver enzyme elevation using 42 cases with alanine transaminase (ALT) above three times the upper limit of normal (ULN) and 141 controls below ULN. Additionally, we performed a GWAS using continuous maximal ALT/ULN (expressed as times the ULN) upon exposure to atabecestat as the outcome measure (n = 285).

Results
No variant passed the genome-wide significance threshold (p = 5 × 10− 8) in the case-control GWAS. We identified suggestive association signals in genes (NLRP1, SCIMP, and C1QBP) implicated in the inflammatory processes. Among the genes implicated by position mapping using variants suggestively associated (p < 1 × 10− 5) with ALT elevation case-control status, gene sets involved in innate immune response (adjusted p-value = 0.05) and regulation of cytokine production (adjusted p-value = 0.04) were enriched. One genomic region in the intronic region of GABRG3 passed the genome-wide significance threshold in the continuous max(ALT/ULN) GWAS, and this variant was nominally associated with ALT elevation case status (p = 0.009).

Conclusion
The suggestive GWAS signals in the case-control GWAS analysis suggest the potential role of inflammation in atabecestat-induced liver enzyme elevation.
Dyspareunia, signs of epithelial disruption, sexual abstinence, and HIV status in female sex workers in Nairobi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fischer Bastian , Jaoko Walter , Kirui Elvis , Muture Bernard , Madegwa Isaac , Kageni Lisbeth 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Epithelial trauma is a risk factor of HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSWs). Painful intercourse may be indicative of epithelial tissue disruption. Previous studies on a cohort of Kenyan FSWs established an association between prolonged sexual abstinence and late HIV seroconversion. Our research objective was to establish whether there is a relationship between HIV serostatus and signs of epithelial disruption and between HIV serostatus and sexual abstinence behaviour.

Methods
Participants were selected from a Nairobi health facility. A structured questionnaire was administered to 322 FSWs, who provided data on HIV status, sexual behaviour, abstinence intervals and the level of sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction scores were created using parts of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-19). Additional questions addressed epithelial trauma signs. Descriptive data analysis, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to describe the study population and determine factors associated with living with HIV. Potential factors influencing sexual dysfunction were assessed by FSWs via self-rating.

Results
36% of FSWs reported discomfort or pain during vaginal penetration half the time. 44% noticed genital bleeding half the time. Vaginal tenderness was experienced by 70.6% half the time during or after intercourse. Variables predictive of living with HIV on multivariate analysis included a medium and high score of discomfort or pain during and following vaginal penetration (medium: AOR 2.288, p-value 0.032, 95% CI 1.075–4.871; high: AOR 3.044, p-value 0.031, 95% CI 1.110–8.348). No significant association of HIV status with past abstinence durations as reported by participants could be established in the multivariate analysis. A majority of FSWs agreed that steady partnerships (81% agreement), regularity of intercourse (74%), foreplay (72%) and lubricants (65%) alleviated dyspareunia.

Conclusions
Recurrent exposure to blood during sex was highly prevalent in FSWs, as was sexual dysfunction. Complaint levels were associated with living with HIV, providing evidence that reducing sexual dysfunctions may prevent HIV transmission. Preventive initiatives may be created that address sexual dysfunction in key populations and general populations with a high HIV prevalence. Subjective assessments indicate that prevention may include the promotion of sexual intercourse regularity, foreplay, and lubricant use.
Perceptions of orthodontic residents toward the implementation of dental technologies in postgraduate curriculum
Authors: Nakornnoi Theerasak , Chantakao Chanchawan , Luangaram Nutchanon , Janbamrung Thapakorn , Thitasomakul Teetouch , Sipiyaruk Kawin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDental technologies have increasingly been implemented in orthodontic practice to offer better experiences for orthodontists and patients, however, there is no scientific evidence yet whether which technologies should be implemented into the postgraduate programs.ObjectivesTo investigate perceptions of orthodontic residents toward the confidence and importance of dental technologies, as well as to determine their necessity in postgraduate programs.Materials and methodsThe online questionnaire was designed to collect data from residents from all accredited orthodontic postgraduate programs in Thailand. The questionnaire consisted of four sections, which were (1) demographic data, (2) self-perceived importance of orthodontic technologies, (3) self-perceived confidence toward orthodontic technologies, and (4) the necessity of orthodontic technologies in postgraduate programs. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation, and a chi-square test.ResultsIntraoral scanner was found to be an orthodontic technology with the highest scores for both self-perceived importance (4.37 ± 0.59) and confidence (4.23 ± 0.75), followed by cone-beam computed tomography, digital treatment planning software, and lab-produced aligners. These orthodontic technologies were also considered as mandatory in orthodontic postgraduate programs. CAD/CAM technologies appeared to be least important, and their training may be arranged as short course training. There was no significant influence of training locations on the necessity of all orthodontic technologies (P > 0.05), except CBCT. Self-perceived importance and confidence in all technologies were found to have significant positive correlations (P < 0.05), except teledentistry and in-office aligners.ConclusionOrthodontic technologies were perceived as important in clinical workflow. Intraoral Scanners, CBCT, digital treatment planning software, lab-produced aligners, and digital modeling software appeared to be necessary for clinical practice and should be considered for orthodontic postgraduate programs, while other technologies may be arranged as short course training. Further research should investigate how to arrange and organize training sessions in orthodontic postgraduate programs.
Knowledge and attitudes toward evidence-based cariology and restorative dentistry among Egyptian dental practitioners: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Elkady Dina M. , Khater Ahmad G. A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
This is the first study to assess Egyptian dental practitioners’ knowledge about conservative caries management approaches and investigate whether this knowledge transfers into clinical practice and the barriers to translating research into evidence-based practice.

Methods
A sample of dental practitioners was surveyed using an online questionnaire. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to collect data from February to June 2022. We included graduated dentists from Egyptian universities who practiced in Egypt. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the associations between variables were checked using Kruskal Wallis and Chi-Square tests.

Results
This study included 396 participants from throughout Egypt. There were significant correlations between specialty and participants’ knowledge and behaviors toward evidence-based caries management (p = 0.002) and between specialization and tools used to detect carious lesions (p < 0.001). Most participants (59.1%) used G.V Black’s classification, and (80.8%) removed caries based on the feature of dentin hardness and color, whereas (67%) removed caries until hard dentine remained. The participants’ primary hurdle to staying up-to-date was their belief that the newly gained information would not be clinically applicable due to a lack of equipment or working in low-economic areas. Patient-related barriers were the major obstacles for participants in implementing evidence-based practice.

Conclusion
Egyptian dentists did not fully embrace minimal invasive approaches for caries management, and practitioners’ experiences continue to shape decision-making. It emphasizes the imperative to practically educate dentists using effective knowledge translation dissemination to promote evidence adoption in daily practice and advocate value-based dental care to address the economic crisis’s impact on Egypt’s healthcare.
The medical humanities at United States medical schools: a mixed method analysis of publicly assessable information on 31 schools
Authors: Anil Joshua , Cunningham Phoebe , Dine C. Jessica , Swain Amanda , DeLisser Horace M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Introduction
There have been increasing efforts to integrate the arts and humanities into medical education, particularly during undergraduate medical education (UME). Previous studies, however, have focused on courses and curricular programming without rigorous characterization of the associated paracurricular environment or infrastructure enabling or facilitating these offerings.

Methods
To assess opportunities for students to engage the arts and humanities during their medical education as well as the institutional resources to support those opportunities, we developed the Humanities and Arts Programming Scale (HARPS): an 18-point scale involving eight sub-domains (Infrastructure, Curricular Opportunities, Extracurricular Engagement, Opportunities for Immersion, Faculty Engagement, Staff Support, Student Groups, and Scholarship). This scale was used to evaluate the top-31 ranked United States medical schools as determined by US News and World Report’s (USWNR) Medical School Research Rankings using information derived from public-facing, online information.

Results
Mean cumulative HARPS score was 11.26, with a median score of 12, a standard deviation of 4.32 and a score range of 3–17. Neither USWNR ranking nor private/public institution status were associated with the cumulative score (p = 0.121, p = 0.739). 52% of institutions surveyed had a humanities-focused center/division with more than 70% of the schools having significant (> 5) faculty engaged in the medical humanities. 65% of schools offered 10 or more paracurricular medical humanities events annually, while 68% of the institutions had more than 5 medical humanities student organizations. While elective, non-credit courses are available, only 3 schools required instruction in the arts and humanities, and comprehensive immersive experiences in the medical humanities were present in only 29% of the schools.

Conclusions
Although there is a significant presence of the medical humanities in UME, there is a need for integration of the arts and humanities into required UME curricula and into immersive pathways for engaging the medical humanities.
Pharmacogenetic analysis of inter-ethnic variability in the uptake transporter SLCO1B1 gene in Colombian, Mozambican, and Portuguese populations
Authors: Nega Mulata Haile , Berhe Derbew Fikadu , Ribeiro Vera 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Statin-induced myopathy is reported to be associated with the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism, c.521 T > C. There is no epidemiologic data on this gene polymorphism in several countries. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the genotype and allele frequencies of the gene variant in three countries.

Methods
This study involved healthy individuals from Colombia, Mozambique, and Portugal. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples using the Qiamp DNA Extraction Kit (Qiagen). The isolated DNA was genotyped using novel Polymerase Chain Reaction—Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Microstat and GraphPad QuickCal software were used for the Chi-square test and the evaluation of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium respectively.

Results
A total of 181 individuals’ blood samples were analyzed. Overall, the TT (74.0%) genotype was the highest and the CC (7.8%) was the lowest. Country wise genotypic frequencies were Colombia 47(70.2%) TT, 12(17.9%) TC and 8(11.9%) CC; Mozambique 47(88.7%) TT, 5(9.4%) TC, and 1(1.9%) CC; and Portugal 40(65.6%) TT, 16(26.2%) TC, and 5(8.2%) CC. The reference (T) allele was highest among Mozambicans (93.4%) compared to Colombians (79.1%) and Portuguese (78.7%). Mozambicans showed statistically significant genotypic and allelic frequency differences compared to Colombians (p < 0.01) and Portuguese (p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Overall and country-wise, CC genotype was less frequent and it is relatively high for Colombians and Portuguese populations. This finding may imply statins risk–benefit variability associated with CC genotype among these populations that needs further understanding.
Disease characteristics of HLA-B27 positive and negative finnish patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis - results of the 18-year cohort follow-up study
Authors: Peltoniemi Suvi Oili Orvokki , Glerup Mia , Lahdenne Pekka , Eklund Kari K , Aalto Kristiina 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to compare the disease characteristics of HLA-B27 positive and negative patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods
The study is a cohort study with consecutive cases of newly diagnosed Finnish patients with JIA according to the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria [1]. Patients were enrolled between 1997 and 2000 from a defined area of Southern Finland. Clinical data including disease activity and serology were registered during a mean period of 17.5 years.

Results
159 patients completed the 18-year follow-up study. HLA-B27 was available for 151 patients, of which 25% were HLA-B27 positive. Chronic uveitis was diagnosed in 30% of HLA-B27 positive and 29% of HLA-B27 negative patients. HLA-B27 positive patients had a lower prevalence of temporomandibular (TMJ) involvement than the antigen negative ones, 19% versus 28%. None of the HLA-B27 positive patients had cervical spine affected compared to 11% of antigen negative patients (p = 0.022). Of the HLA-B27 positive patients, 54% had had biological medication at some point during follow-up versus 25% in the negative group (p = 0.003). At last follow-up, 32% of antigen positive patients were not in remission compared to 18% of the antigen negative (p = 0.017).

Conclusions
The use of biological medication was more common in HLA-B27 positive patients with JIA. At the 18-year follow-up, more antigen positive patients had active disease compared HLA-B27 negative patients. This real-world follow-up study indicates that the prospects for worse outcome with HLA-B27 positivity in long-term should be taken into consideration.
Analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome cluster in east China
Authors: Liu Tao , Zhang Nannan , Li Haiwen , Hou Shuting , Liu Xiuwei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a common tick-borne, natural focal disease. SFTS virus (SFTSV) transmission can occur between family members through close contact with an infected patient. In this study, we explored the possible transmission route of an outbreak cluster in east China.

Method
A case-control study was carried out to analyze the potential risk factors for person-to-person transmission. Bunia virus was detected by IgM antibody, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Chi-square, univariate, and multivariate analyses were performed to calculate the association of possible risk factors for SFTSV transmission.

Results
Two patients had a clear history of blood and aerosols contact, and one may be exposed to aerosols in a closed environment. Five close contacts of the Index patient were IgM-positive and three were IgM and SFTSV RNA positive. Exposure to a poorly ventilated space where the corpse was stored (χ2 = 5.49, P = 0.019) and contact with the Index patient’s contaminated items (χ2 = 15.77, P < 0.001) significantly associated with SFTSV infection.

Conclusion
We suspect that the cluster outbreak was possibly a person-to-person transmission of SFTSV, which may have been transmitted by directly contacting with blood of SFTS patient. The propagation of aerosols in closed environments is also an undeniable transmission.