bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of a 4D dynamic dose calculation model for proton pencil beam scanning without spot time stamp considering free‐breathing motion
Authors: Tominaga Yuki , Oita Masataka , Miyata Junya , Kato Takahiro 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeWe developed a 4‐dimensional dynamic dose (4DDD) calculation model for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS). This model incorporates the spill start time for all energies and uses the remaining irradiated spot time model instead of irradiated spot time logs. This study aimed to validate the calculation accuracy of a log file‐based 4DDD model by comparing it with dose measurements performed under free‐breathing conditions, thereby serving as an alternative approach to the conventional log file‐based system.MethodsThree cubic verification plans were created using a heterogeneous block phantom; these plans were created using 10 phase 4D‐CT datasets of the phantom. The CIRS dynamic platform was used to simulate motion with amplitudes of 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0 mm. These plans consisted of eight‐ and two‐layered rescanning techniques. The lateral profiles were measured using a 2D ionization chamber array (2D‐array) and EBT3 Gafchromic films at four starting phases, including three sinusoidal curves (periods of 3, 4, and 6 s) and a representative patient curve during actual treatment. 4DDDs were calculated using in‐house scripting that assigned a time stamp to each spot and performed dose accumulation using deformable image registration. Furthermore, to evaluate the impact of parameter selection on our 4DDD model calculations, simulations were performed assuming a ±10% change in irradiation time stamp (0.8 ± 0.08 s) and spot scan speed. We evaluated the 2D gamma index and the absolute point doses between the calculated values and the measurements.ResultsThe 2D‐array measurements revealed that the gamma scores for the static plans (no motion) and 4DDD plans exceeded 97.5% and 93.9% at 3%/3 mm, respectively. The average gamma score of the 4DDD plans was at least 96.1%. When using EBT3 films, the gamma scores of the 4DDD model exceeded 92.4% and 98.7% at 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm, respectively. Regarding the 4DDD point dose differences, more than 95% of the dose regions exhibited discrepancies within ±5.0% for 97.7% of the total points across all plans. The spot time assignment accuracy of our 4DDD model was acceptable even with ±10% sensitivity. However, the accuracy of the scan speed, when varied within ±10% sensitivity, was not acceptable (minimum gamma scores of 82.6% and maximum dose difference of 12.9%).ConclusionsOur 4DDD calculations under free‐breathing conditions using amplitudes of less than 5.0 mm were in good agreement with the measurements regardless of the starting phases, breathing curve patterns (between 3 and 6 s periods), and varying numbers of layered rescanning. The proposed system allows us to evaluate actual irradiated doses in various breathing periods, amplitudes, and starting phases, even on PBS machines without the ability to record spot logs.
Multi‐fidelity data fusion through parameter space reduction with applications to automotive engineering
Authors: Romor Francesco , Tezzele Marco , Mrosek Markus , Othmer Carsten , Rozza Gianluigi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMulti‐fidelity models are of great importance due to their capability of fusing information coming from different numerical simulations, surrogates, and sensors. We focus on the approximation of high‐dimensional scalar functions with low intrinsic dimensionality. By introducing a low dimensional bias we can fight the curse of dimensionality affecting these quantities of interest, especially for many‐query applications. We seek a gradient‐based reduction of the parameter space through linear active subspaces or a nonlinear transformation of the input space. Then we build a low‐fidelity response surface based on such reduction, thus enabling nonlinear autoregressive multi‐fidelity Gaussian process regression without the need of running new simulations with simplified physical models. This has a great potential in the data scarcity regime affecting many engineering applications. In this work we present a new multi‐fidelity approach that involves active subspaces and the nonlinear level‐set learning method, starting from the preliminary analysis previously conducted (Romor F, Tezzele M, Rozza G. Proceedings in Applied Mathematics & Mechanics. Wiley Online Library; 2021). The proposed framework is tested on two high‐dimensional benchmark functions, and on a more complex car aerodynamics problem. We show how a low intrinsic dimensionality bias can increase the accuracy of Gaussian process response surfaces.
Inside job: Evidence from the Chinese housing market
Authors: Chu Yongqiang , Kuang Weida , Zhao Daxuan , Zhou Xiaoxia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUsing a comprehensive data set of housing transactions in Beijing, China, we find that government officials are more likely than non‐officials to buy housing units before the government‐imposed housing purchase restriction policy. We also find that officials use their power to speed up the loan application process and pay higher prices to complete the transactions before the policy. Overall, the results suggest that officials trade on private information gained during the policymaking process.
Numerical investigation of mixed convection flow over a heated horizontal plate of finite length
Authors: Babor Lukas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present numerical study concerns the steady two‐dimensional laminar mixed convection flow of Newtonian fluid over a heated horizontal plate of finite length at a zero angle of attack for large Peclet and small Prandtl and Richardson numbers. The plate is located in a horizontal channel of finite height. Buoyancy induces a uniform hydrostatic pressure jump at the trailing edge and across the thermal wake, which is compensated by a perturbation of the outer potential flow according to the Kutta condition. Counter‐intuitively, the total lift force acting on the plate points in the opposite direction compared to the buoyancy force. The numerical solution obtained with the Finite Element solver FEniCS is compared to an analytical boundary‐layer solution from the literature. For small values of the Richardson number (Ri), an excellent agreement between the numerical and analytical solutions is observed. When Ri exceeds a certain threshold, the flow separates near the leading edge at the lower side of the plate. For some narrow intervals of Ri, three co‐existing solutions of the governing equations are found, which differ by the size of the separation bubble. The flow separation can be suppressed by bending the leading edge.
Fluid–structure interaction of a dynamic seal with a 3D‐printed surface
Authors: Graf Matthias , Lankenau Tobias , Ottink Kathrin , Ebel Thomas 
Published: September 2023

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) methods are finding more and more applications in the manufacturing of machine parts. One consequence of this method is that generated surface qualities are typically lower than in other processes. This becomes especially relevant when the surface quality is critical for the mechanical function: This is the case in dynamic sealing technologies, for example, in seals between a moving rod and a hydraulic cylinder. Between the seal lip and the polished rod, a thin lubrication film is established with the goal of minimal leakage. How well this goal is reached depends on the surface quality of the seal. For spare part production of seals, we investigate AM methods, which have a surface defined by layers from fused filament fabrication (FFF). We apply a coupled model for fluid–structure interaction of the elastic seal and the film flow. This model provides information on flow field and pressure distribution. Results change when the ‘ideal’ seal lip is replaced by the seal lip geometry from FFF. The continuous loss of solid body contact is replaced by a stepwise loss of contact for the FFF surface.
Efficient Newton‐multigrid FEM solver for multifield nonlinear coupled problems applied to thixoviscoplastic flows
Authors: Begum Naheed , Ouazzi Abderrahim , Turek Stefan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis note is concerned with efficient Newton‐multigrid finite element method (FEM) solver for multifield nonlinear flow problems. In our approach, for efficient FEM solver, we advantageously use the delicate symbiosis aspects of the problem settings for FEM approximations, and the algorithmic tools to obtain the numerical solutions. We concretize our ideas on thixoviscoplastic flow problems. It is a two‐field coupled nonlinear problem. And beside the integrated nonlinearity within momentum and microstructure equations, thixoviscoplastic problems induce a nonlinear two‐way coupling. As far as FEM numerical solutions are concerned, we set the problem in a suitable variational form to use the corresponding wellposedness analysis to develop FEM techniques for the solver. Indeed, the wellposedness study is not an intellectual exercise, rather it is the foundation for the approximate thixoviscoplastic problem as well as for the development of an efficient solver. We base our investigations for the solver on our wellposedness and error analysis results of thixoviscoplastic flow problems published in Proc. Appl. Math. Mech. We continue our series, and proceed to develop a monolithic Newton‐multigrid thixoviscoplastic solver. The solver is based on Newton's method and geometric multigrid techniques to treat the coupling of the problem. So, we use Local Pressure Schur Complement (LPSC) concept to solve the coupled problem on mesh's elements, and proceed with outer blocks Gauss‐Seidel iteration to update the global solutions. Furthermore, we handle the nonlinearity of the problem with the combined adaptive discrete Newton's and multigrid methods. The adaptivity within discrete Newton's method is based on the adaptive step‐length control for the discrete differencing in the Jacobian calculations, while the convergence of linear multigrid solver is made to match the convergence requirement of nonlinear solver, accordingly. And the solver's update parameters are solely dependent on the actual convergence rate of the nonlinear problem. We provide the numerical results of solver performance for thixoviscoplastic lid‐driven cavity flow.
Effect of graphene oxide loading on the performance of melanized corn oil based polymeric nanocomposite coatings
Authors: Alam Manawwer , Ahmed Mukhtar , Altaf Mohammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this work, melanized corn oil (CO)‐based polymer was synthesized and was further engineered using three different ratios of graphene oxide (GO). The polymer nanocomposite thus formed was evaluated using various standard techniques to check the efficacy of GO nanosheets on the overall coating performance. Fourier transform infrared and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques helped in structural elucidation of the prepared resins. The thermal stability of melanized CO based dihydroxy compound (CmDHC) was found to enhance up to 315°C on the incorporation of 0.5 wt% GO nanosheets. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscopy results revealed that incorporation of GO improved the surface roughness of CmDHC@GO2 nanocomposite coatings. This amplified surface roughness resulted in increased hydrophobicity with contact angle value of 78° as well as excellent corrosion resistance of 29.5 × 106 Ω cm2. The overall results suggest that dispersion of GO nanosheets into the polymer matrix helped to improve the mechanical, thermal as well as corrosion resistance performance of these coatings and 0.5 wt% was the optimum amount required for the same.Highlights
GO nanosheets were dispersed in melanized CO‐based polymer matrix.
Incorporation of GO nanoparticles in CmDHC polymer matrix enhanced the coating resistance almost 30 times.
GO inhibited the corrosive ions effectively that resulted in excellent corrosion resistive performance.
0.5 wt% GO was the optimum amount to produce torturous path for corrosive ions.
Overall CmDHC@GO2 nanocomposite exhibited excellent coating performance.
Effect of hybridization on mechanical and water absorption properties of short palmyra palm leaf stalk/carbon fibers reinforced polyester composites
Authors: K. Madhan Muthu Ganesh , G. Rajeshkumar , P. Ravikumar 
Published: September 2023

AbstractRecently, there has been interest in the development of hybrid composites for diverse industrial applications. In this aspect, this paper explores the mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and dynamic mechanical analysis) and water (distilled and seawater) absorption properties of palmyra palm leaf stalk/carbon fiber‐based composites. Hybrid composites with various reinforcement weight ratios were manufactured for the experiment employing the compression molding procedure. To analyze the hybridization effect, composites with a single reinforcement were also produced and evaluated. The results demonstrated that adding carbon fiber to palmyra fiber in the matrix enhances the composites' overall mechanical properties. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was used to assess the broken surface of mechanically tested composites to better comprehend the failure causes. The findings of the moisture absorption test have shown that using carbon fiber in composites reduces moisture absorption due to their hydrophobic behavior. In addition, the specimens dipped in seawater absorbed more water due to the higher pH value of seawater and gained more weight due to salt deposition. The results of this study indicate that the hybrid composite formulation P25C75 exhibits a balance between its mechanical properties and environmental resilience, making it a possible lightweight material for structural applications.Highlights
Various properties of palmyra palm/carbon hybrid composites were investigated.
Addition of carbon fibers to palmyra palm composites enhanced their properties.
Hybrid composites exhibit better‐damping property.
Performance, environmental effect, and cost are balanced in hybrid composites.
(Re‐)use and (re‐)analysis of publicly available metabolomics data
Authors: Witting Michael 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMetabolomics, the systematic measurement of small molecules (<1000 Da) in a given biological sample, is a fast‐growing field with many different applications. In contrast to transcriptomics and proteomics, sharing of data is not as widespread in metabolomics, though more scientists are sharing their data nowadays. However, to improve data analysis tools and develop new data analytical approaches and to improve metabolite annotation and identification, sharing of reference data is crucial. Here, different possibilities to share (metabolomics) data are reviewed and some recent approaches and applications regarding the (re‐)use and (re‐)analysis are highlighted.
Mechanisms of ventilatory limitation to maximum exercise in children and adolescents with chronic airway diseases
Authors: Donadio Márcio Vinícius Fagundes , Amor‐Barbosa Marta , Vendrusculo Fernanda Maria , Ramirez Tamara Iturriaga , Santana‐Sosa Elena , Sanz‐Santiago Veronica , Perez‐Ruiz Margarita 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionExercise intolerance is common in chronic airway diseases (CAD), but its mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity and its association with lung function, ventilatory limitation, and ventilatory efficiency in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and asthma when compared to healthy controls.MethodsCross‐sectional study including patients with mild‐to‐moderate asthma, CF and healthy children and adolescents. Anthropometric data, lung function (spirometry) and exercise capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise testing) were evaluated. Primary outcomes were peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), breathing reserve (BR), ventilatory equivalent for oxygen consumption (VE/VO2) and for carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2), both at the ventilatory threshold (VT1) and peak exercise.ResultsMean age of 147 patients included was 11.8 ± 3.0 years. There were differences between asthmatics and CF children when compared to their healthy peers for anthropometric and lung function measurements. Asthmatics showed lower VO2peak when compared to both healthy and CF subjects, although no differences were found between healthy and CF patients. A lower BR was found when CF patients were compared to both healthy and asthmatic. Both CF and asthmatic patients presented higher values for VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 at VT1 when compared to healthy individuals. For both VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2 at peak exercise CF patients presented higher values when compared to their healthy peers.ConclusionPatients with CF achieved good exercise capacity despite low ventilatory efficiency, low BR, and reduced lung function. However, asthmatics reported reduced cardiorespiratory capacity and normal ventilatory efficiency at peak exercise. These results demonstrate differences in the mechanisms of ventilatory limitation to maximum exercise testing in children and adolescents with CAD.
Mg‐based reactive materials with high iodine concentration and biocidal characteristics of aerosolized Mg‐based biocidal materials
Authors: Shi Chao , Hu Liang , Liu Xinhang , Chen Lang 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis work is aimed to develop a stable Mg‐based thermite with high iodine concentration and preliminarily set a method to test inactivation factor (IF) values of biocidal materials with proximity to the combat situation. First, Mg−I2 composites were mechanochemically prepared and up to 10 wt% of iodine could be retained until the material heated to 265 °C. Then biocidal thermites were mechanochemically prepared using Mg−I2 as a fuel and Ca(IO3)2 as an oxidizer. For Mg−I2−Ca(IO3)2 thermites, apparent aging was observed in the material with a stoichiometric fuel‐to‐oxidizer ratio. In heated filament ignition tests, thermites had ignition temperatures of ~760 °C and ~820 °C at heating rates of 1800 K/s and 13000 K/s, respectively, and were slightly lower than that of pure Mg. Particle combustion test showed that the thermite with more fuel fraction burned faster. A setup based on the constant volume explosion experiment was established to test the inactivation effect of biocidal materials. Results showed that pure Mg had the best inactivation effect, and IF value doesn't have a clear correlation with max pressure achieved by explosions of biocidal materials. For results within the same max pressure range, IF value is proportional to the iodine concentration within the materials. Interestingly, for Mg, IF value was exponentially changed with max pressurization rate, this leads to the unexpected high IF value of Mg. This study shows excessive iodine or oxidizer could deactivate the biocidal material, and the heat release rate may play a crucial role in biocidal performance.
Application of evidence‐based nursing in postoperative radiotherapy care for breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Qiuping , Lin Li , Zou Meiying , Jiang Jing , Wu Yaqin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractTo investigate the effect of evidence‐based nursing on breast cancer patients during postoperative radiotherapy care. In the sample selection, 100 breast cancer patients who received postoperative radiotherapy in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were selected to participate in this study. Patients in the control group received routine nursing program, while patients in the study group applied the intervention of evidence‐based nursing philosophy, the nursing effect was compared between the two groups. According to the nursing effect of the two groups, there was a significant difference under the intervention of different protocols. The patients in the study group showed significant improvements in Self‐Rating Depression Scale and Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale scores under the evidence‐based care intervention, superior to those of the control group, and the difference was significant (p < .05); from the scores of shoulder and elbow functions, the patients in the study group showed more significant intervention effects, superior to that of the control group, and the difference was significant (p < .05); from the skin injury degree of the two groups, the skin injury grade of the study group was significantly superior to that of the control group, with a significant difference (p < .05); from the patient satisfaction indexes, after the evidence‐based nursing intervention, the satisfaction indexes of the study group and the control group were 98% and 82%, respectively, and the difference was significant (p < .05). In the current nursing intervention of postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer patients, evidence‐based nursing models can effectively relieve the adverse emotions of patients, improve patients' shoulder joint and elbow joint function, reduce the skin damage, and improve patient satisfaction, which has an important clinical spread value.
Plant volatiles mediated the orientation preference of slugs to different plant species
Authors: Zhang Zelong , Liu Minghong , Wang Xiaoyan , Gou Jianyu , Li Tianliang , Zhao Te , Zhou Lin , Zhang Fulong , Cheng Fujia , Wang Li 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDSlugs mechanically damage plant leaves, resulting in significant economic losses. However, there are limited cost‐efficient strategies available in slug management. By studying how slugs utilize plant volatiles to locate host plants, we can gain insights into the design of attractants and repellents.RESULTSBioassay results suggest slugs (Agriolimax agrestis) prefer to orientate to lettuce (Lactuca sativa), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.), and young tobacco seedlings, compared with old tobacco seedlings. We analyzed the volatomics of lettuce, cabbage, young and old tobacco seedlings. 2‐(2‐butoxyethoxy)‐ethanol acetate (2EA) had high abundance while nonanal, decanal, and β‐cylocitral had relatively low content in volatiles. Old tobacco seedlings released significantly more hexanal but fewer 1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxopyridazine (DO). In olfactory tests, hexanal, nonanal, decanal, and β‐cylocitral showed strong repellency to slugs, while DO at a dose of 500 ng/μL and 2EA at a dose of 1% were attractive to slugs. The two alkanes, hexadecane and heptadecane, had no effect on slug orientating to host plants. DO and 2EA can thus alleviate the repellency of hexanal, nonanal, decanal and β‐cylocitral.CONCLUSIONThe high emission of hexanal in old tobacco seedlings helps repel slugs, while 2EA and DO attract slugs to lettuce and cabbage. These findings suggest that these chemicals can be utilized in the design of repellents and attractants, and contribute to constructing a push–pull system for slug control. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Income difference between highly educated migrants and highly educated local‐born workers in urban China
Authors: Wu Xiaoman , Fong Eric 
Published: September 2023

AbstractOur study explores the income of highly educated migrants in China. Based on the 2014 China Labor‐force Dynamics Survey (CLDS), we conducted Blinder‐Oaxaca decomposition of income among highly educated migrants. we found that highly educated migrants, with or without local hukou, have higher income than highly educated local‐born workers. We also found that highly educated migrants without local hukou have higher average income than those with local hukou. Given that the average income is high and knowing a foreign language is highly rewarded in the eastern region and that highly educated migrants without local hukou are clustered in the eastern region, a large percentage of these highly educated migrants know a foreign language and their average income is higher than that of other two groups. Our study demonstrates that not having local hukou, though it brings institutional constraints, does not necessarily lead to lower economic attainment in comparison to having local hukou. If a group has more human capital resources and is sought‐after by the labour market, its members have the luxury of moving to cities where they can maximize their income.