bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the effect of competition on contractual fine print
Authors: Lahiri Surjasama 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
One of the ways product quality uncertainty can be resolved is via its associated standard form contract that is written in fine print. This is costly to read and interpret and buyers often purchase products without reading them and consequently, a monopolist never has an incentive to offer high quality terms. We investigate whether competitive forces can force a better outcome for quality. We set up a Hotelling-type linear city framework where competition is measured via changes in buyers’ transportation costs. Benchmark duopoly does not guarantee high quality terms to be offered. Surprisingly, increased competition via lower transportation cost lowers firms’ prices and also their probability of offering high-quality products. This can also be detrimental to welfare.
Label-consistent Kernel Transform Learning based Sparse Hashing for cross-modal retrieval
Authors: Maggu Jyoti 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Currently, there are various widely used methods for hashing-based cross modal retrieval to achieve promising performance in the information retrieval task. However, the challenge of learning discriminative representations against a heterogeneous gap in the case of multi-modal data still needs to be explored. Most existing methods directly project raw heterogeneous data linearly onto a common projection space, leading to high projection error because the semantic similarity of multi-modal data is not captured. We need the efficient feature representation of heterogeneous and multi-modal data to learn high-quality discrete hash codes and improve retrieval performance. This paper proposes a label-consistent kernel transform learning-based sparse hashing (LcKTLSH) for cross modal retrieval. Instead of projecting raw data samples, LcKTLSH learns transform and sparse coefficients suited for projection onto the kernel space, assuming each modality of a single instance has a unique hash code. The learned sparse coefficients are embedded into pre-learned hash codes, and semantic information from the similarity matrix is embedded into pre-learned hash codes to generate final hash codes. Kernel trick accounts for non-linearity in the data, and label-consistency constraint acts as the supervision term. Extensive experimental results on four benchmark datasets significantly advance over previous investigations.
Media Pressure and Body Image Depression (BID) Among Chinese High School Students: The Serial Mediating Effects of Future Goals and Self-Esteem
Authors: Yu Xide , Liu Jiafan , Wu Jiaxuan , Liu Huan , Yu Xuemei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Based on “stress coping” and “self-determination” theory, the present study aims to explore the potential intervention path of media social pressure affecting body image depression in Chinese high school students by examining the relationships between four variables: media social pressure, future goals, self-esteem, and body image depression. The study sample comprised 825 high school students from four middle schools in Guangdong and Yunnan provinces, aged between 14 and 19 (M ± SD = 15.87 ± 0.98). The results showed that, first, 57.7% of the surveyed high school students had different degrees of BID, and that the girls’ BID score was significantly higher than that of boys (t = -8.69, p < 0.001). Second, media pressure significantly positively predicted BID in high school students. Third, future goals and self-esteem were shown to play separate mediating roles between media stress and BID. Fourth, the indirect effect between media stress and BID was found to be realized through the chain mediating effect of future goals and self-esteem. The implications as well as the shortcomings and prospects of the present study are also discussed.
Hydrogen Atom Structures: An Exploratory Study using Numerov-Cooley's Solution of Schrödinger’s Equation
Authors: Sawarn Shivam 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a computationally efficient method to solve the Schrödinger equation for hydrogen atoms using atomic units. The method incorporates the Numerov-Cooley Shooting Method, a well-known fourth-order method, to attain high precision solutions. Coupled with the Cooley's Energy correction formula, the method achieves rapid convergence to accurate energy eigenvalues. With defined boundary conditions, this method enables efficient computation of the radial probability density for atoms. The method is implemented using FORTRAN 90/95, a language favored for its computational efficiency. The results are represented through various hydrogen states, providing a detailed understanding of their energy associations. Additionally, data visualization tools like matplotlib are employed for effective representation of these outputs. The method presented introduces a proficient approach for solving complex equations in quantum mechanics and can potentially be extended to other atomic systems.
Magnetic islands in 3D tokamak plasmas during the suppression of filamentary eruptions
Authors: Willendorfer Matthias , Mitterauer Verena , Hoelzl Matthias , Suttrop Wolfgang , Cianciosa Mark , Dunne Mike , Fischer Rainer , Leuthold Nils , Samoylov Oleg , Lopez Guillermo Suarez , Wendler Daniel 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tokamak, a leading concept for fusion energy, experiences periodic filamentary plasma eruptions known as edge localized modes (ELMs) in plasmas with high-energy confinement and their steep pressure profiles at the plasma edge. These ELMs pose a threat to the wall of future tokamak devices, but can be suppressed using small three dimensional magnetic perturbations. Here, we present the first experimental proof that these magnetic perturbations can change the magnetic topology just inside the steep gradient region of the plasma edge. The resulting formation of a magnetic island is linked to the suppression of ELMs. High-resolution measurements of perturbed magnetic surfaces are compared to predictions from ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) theory where the magnetic topology is preserved. While ideal MHD adequately describes the measurements in plasmas exhibiting ELMs, it proves insufficient in ELM suppressed plasmas. A novel analysis method identifies signatures of a magnetic island, which is further supported by non-linear resistive MHD modelling. Our study experimentally confirms the predicted role of magnetic islands in constraining the gradient region and inhibiting ELM occurrences, making it an important contribution for physics-based predictions in future fusion devices to control ELMs.
Diffusion of muonic hydrogen in hydrogen gas and the measurement of the 1$s$ hyperfine splitting of muonic hydrogen
Authors: Nuber Jonas , Adamczak A. , Abdou Ahmed M. , Affolter L. , Amaro F. D. , Amaro Pedro , Antognini A. , Carvalho P. , Chang Y. -H. , Chen T. -L. , Chen W. -L. , Fernandes L. M. P. , Ferro M. , Goeldi D. , Graf Thomas , Guerra M. , Hänsch T. W. , Henriques C. A. O. , Hildebrandt M. , Indelicato P. , Kara O. , Kirch K. , Knecht A. , Kottmann F. , Liu Y.-W. , Machado J. , Marszalek M. , Mano R. D. P. , Monteiro C. M. B. , Nez F. , Ouf A. , Paul N. , Pohl R. , Rapisarda E. , dos Santos J. M. F. , Santos J. P. , Silva P. A. O. C. , Sinkunaite L. , Shy J. -T. , Schuhmann K. , Rajamohanan S. , Soter A. , Sustelo L. , Taqqu David , Wang L. -B. , Wauters F. , Yzombard P. , Zeyen M. , Zhang J. 
Published: August 2023

The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen (\muμp) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy. In the proposed experiment, the \muμp atom is excited by a laser pulse from the singlet to the triplet hyperfine sub-levels, and is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H_22 molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after this cycle modifies the \muμp atom diffusion in the hydrogen gas and the arrival time of the \muμp atoms at the target walls. This laser-induced modification of the arrival times is used to expose the atomic transition. In this paper we present the simulation of the \muμp diffusion in the H_22 gas which is at the core of the experimental scheme. These simulations have been implemented with the Geant4 framework by introducing various low-energy processes including the motion of the H_22 molecules, i.e. the effects related with the hydrogen target temperature. The simulations have been used to optimize the hydrogen target parameters (pressure, temperatures and thickness) and to estimate signal and background rates. These rates allow to estimate the maximum time needed to find the resonance and the statistical accuracy of the spectroscopy experiment.
Synthesis of PES membranes modified with polyurethane–paraffin wax nanocapsules and performance of bovine serum albumin and humic acid rejection
Authors: Sert Buse , Kaya Gül , Ozay Yasin , Alterkaoui Aya , Ocakoglu Kasım , Dizge Nadir 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Membrane fouling is a serious handicap of membrane-based separation, as it reduces permeation flux and hence increases operational and maintenance expenses. Polyurethane–paraffin wax (PU/PW) nanocapsules were integrated into the polyethersulfone membrane to manufacture a composite membrane with higher antifouling and permeability performance against humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) foulants. All manufactured membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), and contact angle. The contact angle of the pristine polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was measured 73.40 ± 1.32. With the embedding of nanocapsules, the contact angle decreased to 64.55 ± 1.23 for PES/PU/PW 2.0 wt%, and the pure water flux of all composite membranes increased when compared to pristine PES. The pristine PES membrane also has shown the lowest steady-state fluxes at 45.84 and 46.59 L/m2h for BSA and HA, respectively. With the increase of PU/PW nanocapsule ratio from 0.5 to 1.0 wt%, steady-state fluxes increased from 51.96 to 71.61 and from 67.87 to 98.73 L/m2h, respectively, for BSA and HA. The results depicted that BSA and HA rejection efficiencies of PU/PW nanocapsules blended PES membranes increased when compared to pristine PES membranes.
The Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors:
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials
Authors: Dadkhah Tehrani Sahar , Keshani Mahdi , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein , Moallem Seyed Adel , Bagherniya Mohammad , Sahebkar Amirhossein 
Published: August 2023

Background:
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a set of metabolic abnormalities that
are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been used in several studies as a natural agent to improve CMS risk factors. The present study aimed to perform a
systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of ACV consumption on lipid and glycemic parameters.

Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases were systematically searched to find
clinical trials evaluating the effects of ACV consumption on CMS risk factors.

Results:
Overall, 25 clinical trials (33 arms) comprising 1320 adults were entered in this study.
ACV consumption could significantly improve the levels of FBG (-21.20 mg/dl; 95% CI: -32.31 to
-2.21; I2
: 95.8%), HbA1c (-0.91mg/dl; 95% CI: -1.62 to -0.21; I2
: 98.9%), and TC (-6.72 mg/dl;
95% CI: -12.91 to -0.53; I2
:50.8%). No significant results were observed for BMI, HOMA-IR,
serum insulin, TG, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Subgroup analysis showed a significant decrease in FBG,
HbA1c, TC, and TG in diabetic patients. In this type of analysis, ACV consumption significantly
reduced FBG levels when administered for both duration subgroups (≥12 and <12 weeks). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis based on duration, TG concentration was significantly decreased following ACV consumption for ≥ 12 weeks.

Conclusion:
This meta-analysis showed that consumption of ACV has a favorable effect
in decreasing some CMS risk factors including FBG, HbA1c, and TC.
Advancement in Epilepsy Pharmacotherapy: An Insight into the
Pharmacophoric Approaches of Recent Drugs
Authors: Sharma Vikas , Kaushik Rahul , Kumar Verma Krishan , Gupta Akanksha , Srivastava Snigdha , Kurmi Rajan Kumar 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Epilepsy is the most general, extensive, and severe neurological disorder, affecting more
than 50 million individuals globally. Initially, conventional medicines and simple salts like potassium
bromide were employed as antiepileptic medication candidates. Nowadays, large number of anticonvulsant
drugs have been discovered as first-generati, second-generation and newer drugs which are
still in development phases. The pharmacophore-based drug design process includes pharmacophore
modeling and validation, pharmacophore-based virtual screening, virtual hits profiling, and lead identification
with special to epilepsy. This comprehensive article reviews recently developed anticonvulsant
derivatives on the basis of pharmacophoric approaches. A literature survey was performed using
various search engines like Google Scholar, Scopus, Sci Finder, ScienceDirect, Science gate, Scilit,
PubMed, NINDS database of NIH, Bentham Sciences, and other online and print journals and scientific
databases for compilation of this review article. The presented review discusses newer drugs that
are in the market as well as in various clinical trial phases. Detailed outcomes of pharmacophoric
modeling have been discussed for newly derived derivatives like targets involved in Epilepsy, lead
molecules etc., for the treatment of epilepsy. This exhaustive review will assist the researchers in the
further development of potential antiepileptic agents.
Fault Detection in Windmills Using Augmented Reality
Authors: P Arunagiri , Jayabala Pradeep , M Harikrishnan , L Martin 
Published: August 2023

Aim::
Wind energy, being a non-conventional and sustainable renewable resource, provides
electrical energy through the rotation of the blades of a wind turbine caused by wind impact. To ensure
the sustainability of this resource, maintenance of the wind turbines is essential.

Methods::
The incorporation of emerging technologies into the tedious processes has enabled quality
improvement in the performance of systems. Augmented reality, which enhances the 3D digital content
over the real world, may be used to leverage the tedious process of wind turbine maintenance by providing
a user-friendly environment.

Results/Discussion:
AR utilization provides great insights into the problems occurring in specific
parts of a wind turbine, thereby easing out the complexity of field workers. The objective is to create an
augmented reality environment to monitor the proper functioning and detect the faultiness in a wind
turbine with accuracy.

Conclusion::
AR utilization can help facilitate better maintenance service, thereby increasing the life of
a wind turbine.
Cuphea Genus: A Systematic Review on the Traditional uses,
Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology
Authors: Santos Marí C. , Mendez Andreas S.L. , Henriques Amélia T. 
Published: August 2023

Introduction:
Species from the Cuphea genus (Lythraceae) have wide usage in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Cuphea comprises about 260 species distributed worldwide among five continents.

Methods:
This systematic review aimed to synthesize the information available about the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Cuphea spp. This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, with a search in the scientific databases, namely Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, using keywords, such as “Cuphea”, “sete-sangrias”, “Cuphea” and “polyphenols”, “Cuphea” and “flavonoid”, “Cuphea” and “pharmacology”, “Cuphea” and “traditional uses”, “Cuphea” and “toxicology”, and all references found were analyzed. Among 1438 publications identified in the initial screening, 86 studies were included based on eligibility criteria. The chemical composition of Cuphea spp. is mainly polyphenols related to therapeutic use, especially as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumoral, anti-inflammation, and antihypertensive.

Results:
In summary, this systematic review provides an overview of the active compounds responsible for the pharmacological actions of the genus, often linked to traditional use.

Conclusion:
However, its safety and potential toxicology need to be further studied, along with the bioactive mechanisms and discussion of the structure-activity relationship, besides future clinical studies for novel drug development.
Unravelling the Supercapacitive Potential of Zn-Ni-Co Mixed
Transition Metal Oxide
Authors: Ramli Nurul Infaza Talalah , Ali Ab Malik Marwan , Hussin Nur Hafiz , Mohamad Taib Mohamad Fariz , Hassan Oskar Hasdinor 
Published: August 2023

Objective:
A promising Zn-Ni-Co mixed transition metal oxide was successfully
synthesized by means of the sol-gel route and its super capacitive behavior was studied.

Methods:
The structural, morphology, and functional groups were deduced via XRD,
SEM, EDX, and FTIR analysis. The super capacitive performance of the hybrid and ternary
mixed transition metal oxides was executed through a three-electrode system, in a 2M
KOH electrolyte.

Results:
The specific capacitance of Zn-Ni-Co O was reckoned to be 415 Fg-1 at 50 mVs-1,
thrice as much as the specific capacitance of ZnCo2O4 hybrid transition metal oxide (139
Fg-1). The synergistic effects benefited from multiple metal constituents and low activation
energy for electron transportation plays an important role in boosting the electrochemical
performance.

Conclusion:
The obtained results proved that Zn-Ni-Co O ternary composite has a promising
future as an alternative for supercapacitor electrodes.
Advancement in Nanobiotechnology for Human Health Care: Focus on Ocular Diseases and Future Prospects
Authors: Srivastava Ankit , Pradhan Biswajita , Jit Bimal Prasad , Bharadwaj Kaushik Kumar , Rikhari Deeksha 
Published: August 2023

Abstract:
Nanotechnology involves the study of different materials on the nanometer scale, typical-ly less than 100 nm in size. Nanomedicine is the creation of nanotechnology, a new science and technology area. Similarly, various nanomaterials, such as nanostructure, nanotubes, and nanoparticles, were also found to have significant applications in the human biological system at the molecu-lar level to achieve healthcare advantage. Nanotechnology is rapidly expanding in the field of medicine with a special emphasis on ophthalmology. Nanotechnology advancements need to be translated into a new and exciting platform for diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutics for ocular disease. The application of nanotechnology in ocular disease and cancer, such as nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, drug development, gene therapy, and tissue engineering, helps overcome many oc-ular problems. In particular, one of the most important applications of the emerging nanoscience system is used in ocular cancer diagnosis and therapy with the help of carbon nanotubes, nanocrys-tals, nanowires, etc. Several approaches have been developed for treatment and therapy for ocular disease. Moreover, these tremendous approaches have been safely used and effective for a broad range of applications. In this study, the focus is to discuss recent findings and various constraints and summarize the applications of nanotechnology-mediated systems for treating various ocular diseases.
Study on the Influence of Carbonation on the Microstructure of
Cement-based Materials Based on BSE Technique
Authors: Shen Qizhen , Lou Gaoxiang 
Published: August 2023

Background:
The influence of carbonation on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) microstructure
of cement-based materials was significant. However, the width of ITZ is about tens
of microns, and studying its micro-characteristics (such as porosity, hydration products, content of
unhydrated cement, etc.) by macro test was difficult.

Methods:
Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging technology and gray scale analysis method were
used to analyze the cement-based materials with water-binder (W/B) ratios of 0.53 and 0.35, respectively.

Results:
BSE and gray scale analysis showed that in the ITZ, the porosity of 0.53P (Portland cement
paste), 0.35P (Portland cement paste), 0.53F (fly ash), and 0.35F (fly ash) decreased by
24.1%, 28.9%, 49.5%, and 64.2% respectively, whereas the content of hydration products increases
after carbonation, and the matrix also shows the same rule. At the same time, the smaller
W/B ratio, the greater the porosity reduction, and the filling effect of carbonation on the specimens
with supplementary cementitious material (SCM) was more significant than that of pure
cement specimens.

Conclusion:
The porosity of the ITZ decreased after carbonation, however it remained higher
than that of the matrix. Consequently, the ITZ remained a vulnerable zone with a greater diffusion
rate of CO2 compared to the matrix even after carbonation.
The Vinyasa Tool for mHealth Solutions: Supporting Human-Centered Design in Nascent Digital Health Ecosystems
Authors: Thomas Verghese , Kalidindi Bharat , Waghmare Abijeet , Bhatia Abhishek , Raj Tony , Balsari Satchit 
Published: August 2023

Background
mHealth (mobile health) systems have been deployed widely in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for health system strengthening, requiring considerable resource allocation. However, most solutions have not achieved scale or sustainability. Poor usability and failure to address perceived needs are among the principal reasons mHealth systems fail to achieve acceptance and adoption by health care workers. A human-centered design approach to improving mHealth system use requires an exploration of users’ perceptions of mHealth systems, including the environmental, user-related, and technological aspects of a system. At present, there is a dearth of contextually intelligent tools available to mHealth developers that can guide such exploration before full-scale development and deployment.

Objective
To develop a tool to aid optimization of mHealth solutions in LMICs to facilitate human-centered design and, consequently, successful adoption.

Methods
We collated findings and themes from key qualitative studies on mHealth deployment in LMICs. We then used the Informatics Stack framework by Lehmann to label, sort, and collate findings and themes into a list of questions that explore the environment, users, artifacts, information governance, and interoperability of mHealth systems deployed in LMICs.

Results
We developed the Vinyasa Tool to aid qualitative research about the need and usability of mHealth solutions in LMICs. The tool is a guide for focus group discussions and key informant interviews with community-based health care workers and primary care medical personnel who use or are expected to use proposed mHealth solutions. The tool consists of 71 questions organized in 11 sections that unpack and explore multiple aspects of mHealth systems from the perspectives of their users. These include the wider world and organization in which an mHealth solution is deployed; the roles, functions, workflow, and adoption behavior of a system’s users; the security, privacy, and interoperability afforded by a system; and the artifacts of an information system—the data, information, knowledge, algorithms, and technology that constitute the system. The tool can be deployed in whole or in part, depending on the context of the study.

Conclusions
The Vinyasa Tool is the first such comprehensive qualitative research instrument incorporating questions contextualized to the LMIC setting. We expect it to find wide application among mHealth developers, health system administrators, and researchers developing and deploying mHealth tools for use by patients, providers, and administrators. The tool is expected to guide users toward human-centered design with the goal of improving relevance, usability, and, therefore, adoption.