bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Surface Functionalization Based on Heterogeneous Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Molecular‐Scale Electronics
Authors: Khalid Hira , Tian Lixian , Yu Xi , Hussain Irshad , Hu Wenping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMixed self‐assembled monolayers (mixed SAMs)‐based molecular‐scale electronic devices in recent years have gained great achievement in the fundamental study on charge transport mechanism and electronic functionalities. This review aims to summarize the preparation and characterization, structure modulation, and applications of heterogeneous mixed SAMs in molecular electronics. One key advantage of SAM‐based molecular devices compared to single molecular devices is the ability to tune the intermolecular interactions, and two‐dimensional (2‐D) assembly structure allows for the optimization of charge transport in desired devices. Herein we review the qualitative and quantitative examination of the nanoscale organization and intermolecular interactions of mixed SAMs obtained by various mixed SAM preparation and characterization techniques. The use of mixed SAMs to control the structural order and compactness of SAM to form high‐performance molecular electronic devices is also reviewed. Finally, we wrap up the review by discussing the challenges of this technique for the development of novel electronic functional devices in the future.
Continuous‐/Micro‐Flow Reactions Using Highly Electrophilic PCl3 and POCl3
Authors: Kitamura Hiroshi , Fuse Shinichiro 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPCl3 and POCl3 are the most important sources of phosphorus‐containing compounds. They are also used for large‐scale industrial productions. However, chemical reactions using the highly reactive PCl3 and POCl3 tend to result in overreactions. In addition, the reactions are usually exothermic and therefore their utilization sometimes involves significant risk. That is why some phosphorylating reagents with mild electrophilicity such as phosphoramidites have been developed. Although these mild electrophiles are very useful for the highly selective synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, problems persist: the high cost of the reagents, the generation of large amounts of waste, and the requirement of long reaction times and high temperatures. Continuous‐flow technology is one of the most promising solutions for these problems. In particular, precise control of reaction times and temperatures enabled by micro‐flow technology suppresses undesired reactions and allows the safe operation of exothermic reactions using highly reactive PCl3 and POCl3. This Review describes recently reported reactions of PCl3 and POCl3 using continuous‐ and micro‐flow technologies.
An approach on nonlinear integration of MMC to linear model of ROPS in transient analysis
Authors: Shivashanker K. , Janaki M. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a novel prospective multilevel converter topology for high‐voltage or high‐power applications. This paper presents the 3‐ model integrated into a linear model in transient analysis and the design of current controller for MMC. This paper analyzes the control interactions of MMC on nearby turbine generator. The eigenvalue analysis is used to evaluate the impact of different controller modes of MMC. The impact of converter control with nonlinear switches is analyzed through the transient simulation. The eigenvalue analysis and controller design are carried out on a linear model, and the transient simulation analysis is performed on both the D‐Q model and a three‐phase model of MMC using MATLAB‐Simulink. The results show that the transient simulation of three‐phase model on the proposed approach is consistent with the transient simulation of D‐Q model. Also, the transient simulation results show a satisfactory response with the current controller parameters of the MMC at various operating cases. To validate the results of MATLAB‐Simulink model, the proposed system is implemented in hardware‐in‐the‐loop (HIL) simulation with an integrated subsystem built in two real‐time simulators. The subsystem of mathematical model is implemented in dSPACE, and the subsystem of 3‐ MMC with controller is implemented in Typhoon. The HIL simulation results show a satisfactory response and consistent with MATLAB‐Simulink model results.
Convolutional neural network and unmanned aerial vehicle‐based public safety framework for human life protection
Authors: Patel Nihar , Vasani Nakul , Gupta Rajesh , Kumar Jadav Nilesh , Tanwar Sudeep , Alqahtani Fayez , Tolba Amr , Simona Raboaca Maria 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn this paper, we developed an object detection and identification framework to bolster public safety. Before developing the proposed framework, several existing frameworks were analyzed to bolster public safety. The other models were carefully observed for their strengths and weaknesses based on the machine learning and deep learning algorithms they operate on. All these were kept in mind during the development of the proposed model. The proposed framework consists of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) utilized for data collection that constantly monitors and captures the images of the designated areas. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model is developed to recognize a threat and identifies various handheld objects, such as guns and knives, which facilitate criminals to commit crimes. The proposed CNN model comprises 16 layers with input, convolutional, dense, max‐pool, and flattened layers of different dimensions. For that, a benchmarked dataset, that is, small objects handled similarly to a weapon (SOHAs), a weapon detection dataset is used. It comprises six classes of 8945 images, with 5947 used for training, 1699 used for testing, and 849 used for validation. Once the CNN model accomplishes the object identification and classification, that is, the person is criminal or non‐criminal, the criminal is forwarded to various law enforcement agencies and non‐criminal data are again forwarded to the CNN model for improvising its accuracy rate. As a result, the proposed CNN model outperforms several pre‐trained models with an accuracy of 0.8352 and a validation accuracy of 0.7758. In addition, the proposed model gives a minimal loss of 0.83 with a validation loss of 0.97. The proposed framework decreases the burden on crime‐fighting agencies and increases the accuracy of crime detection. Additionally, it ensures fairness and operates at a meager computational cost compared to similar pre‐trained models.
Dark roads aid movement but increase mortality of a generalist herbivore in the American Southwest
Authors: Frank Kaitlyn M. , Ditmer Mark A. , Stoner David C. , Currie William S. , Olson Daniel D. , Carter Neil H. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRoad networks pose many well‐documented threats to wildlife, from fragmenting habitats and restricting movement to causing mortality through vehicle collisions. For large, wide‐ranging mammals, home range requirements and seasonal migrations often necessitate road crossings, posing threats to human safety, property, and animal survival. Artificial nightlight, emanating from light posts and urban sky glow, is ubiquitous on and around road networks worldwide; however, its effects on road crossing behavior and the associated mortality risk for wildlife are not well understood. By integrating the latest NASA nightlight products with GPS collar data collected from 67 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) over a 7‐year period (2012–2018), we used a resource‐selection framework to assess factors influencing seasonal crossing behavior and road mortality in Salt Lake City, Utah, an expanding metropolitan area in the United States. We found deer preferred to cross the road where surrounding artificial nightlight was lower in both summer and winter seasons, especially during crepuscular and nighttime periods. However, lower nightlight levels also increased the risk of road mortality. Areas with more shrub cover and lower speed limits increased the likelihood of crossing as well as lowered the risk of road mortality. There were five times as many mortality events in winter as in summer, likely because of the combination of deer preference for dark roads mixed with proximity to both higher speed roads and increased human activity. Better understanding how a pervasive and expanding environmental pollutant like artificial nightlight may attract or repel human‐tolerant wildlife species from roadways presents an opportunity to mitigate collision risk while improving population management strategies for this abundant, generalist herbivore and many other economically and ecologically important species.
β‐Alkylation through Dehydrogenative Coupling of Primary Alcohols and Secondary Alcohols Catalyzed by Thioether‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Mechrouk Victoria , Maisse‐François Aline , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Achard Thierry 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA catalytic system for the direct β‐alkylation of secondary alcohol with primary alcohol has been investigated. In this work, a series of cationic Ru(II)(η6‐p‐cymene) complexes with thioether‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands (imidazole‐based 1 a–l and benzimidazole‐based 2 a–e) have been successfully synthesized and evaluated as catalysts. This investigation shows that modifications in the ligand moiety (thioether group and/or NHC core) have a strong effect on both selectivity and reactivity. Imidazole‐based complex 1 c, with only 1 mol % of catalyst loading, displayed the best catalytic activity as well as the highest selectivity for the β‐alcohol up to 98 : 2 for this tandem borrowing hydrogen/aldol methodology. Applied to a wide range of substrates, β‐alkylated secondary alcohols have been obtained in moderate yields, but generally with complete conversion and very high selectivity.
Autocatalytic Green Synthesis of Imines in Traceless Medium
Authors: Ivanov Roman , Ivanova Elizaveta , Merkulov Vladislav , Zharkov Mikhail , Kuchurov Ilya , Zlotin Sergei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor the first time, condensations of amines with carbonyl compounds have been performed in supercritical carbon dioxide (sc‐CO2). The reactions with aldehydes or active ketones proceed at moderate temperatures (35–55 °C) without use of external catalysts. The process is autocatalytic: it is accelerated by the carbonic acid generated in situ by interaction between the released water and the CO2 medium. The imine products were obtained in high yields in a crystalline form and did not require further purification. The one‐pot transfer hydrogenation and [4+2] cycloaddition reactions performed in the CO2 medium have uncovered attractive prospects for facile green synthesis of more complex and valuable compounds from the generated in situ imine products.
Artificial intelligence techniques in advanced concrete technology: A comprehensive survey on 10 years research trend
Authors: Kazemi Ramin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAdvanced concrete technology is the science of efficient, cost‐effective, and safe design in civil engineering projects. Engineers and concrete designers are generally faced with the slightest change in the conditions or objectives of the project, which makes it challenging to choose the optimal design among several ones. Besides, the experimental examination of all of them requires time and high costs. Hence, an efficient approach is to utilize artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict and optimize real‐world problems in concrete technology. Despite the large body of publications in this field, there are few comprehensive surveys that conduct scientometric analysis. This paper provides a state‐of‐the‐art review that lists, summarizes, and categorizes the most widely used machine learning methods, meta‐heuristic algorithms, and hybrid approaches to concrete issues. To this end, 457 publications are considered during the recent decade with a scientometric approach to highlight the annual trend/active journals/top researchers/co‐occurrence of key title words/countries' participation/research hotspots. In addition, AI techniques are classified into distinct clusters using VOSviewer clustering visualization to identify the application scope and their relationship through the link strength. The findings can be a beacon to help researchers utilize AI techniques in future research on advanced concrete technology.
Energy and exergy investigation of industrial coal debris effect on solar still
Authors: Smakdji Nafila , Khechekhouche Abderrahmane , Abdelgaied Mohamed , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Sadoun Ali , Ward Sayed A. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRenewable energy‐based desalination systems are one of the main sources of human sustenance to address the climate damage of their fossil fuel‐based counterparts. Drinking water is not available in some remote areas and this causes a problem so there is a real need to develop simple and handy methods to solve this problem. Solar distillation is a simple, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly process. It entails evaporating dirty water with free solar energy to obtain pure water. This study aims to achieve the highest performance of solar stills by using industrial coal debris as low‐cost and locally available energy storage materials. These coals help to increase the rates of absorption of solar radiation and improve the rates of heat transfer to the basin water. In addition, aluminum waste represents thermal storage materials. Two identical solar stills were exposed to the sun for 10 h, resulting in identical meteorological conditions. The first solar still was taken as the reference (RSS), and the second solar still which contains the carbon debris as low‐cost and locally available energy storage materials, it is the modified solar still (MSS). The results showed that carbon debris improved the accumulative productivity from 3.233 to 4.066 kg/m2, with an improvement rate of 25.76%. Also, the average thermal efficiency of RSS and MSS reached 27.98% and 34.79%, respectively. According to the economic analysis, the sum invested in the building of the two solar stills is recovered in 45 days for RSS and 35 days for MSS.
Forecasting nonstationary time series
Authors: Gatarek Lukasz T. , Welfe Aleksander 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany variables show a tendency to increase over time in line with their nonstationary nature. It is notable, however, that the original time series can be transformed into a sequence of jumps measured by time distances between the successive maxima and present the resulting series as the compound Poisson process, which has powerful consequences discussed in the paper. Firstly, the jump‐generating process is stationary, unlike the one generating the original data. Secondly, the dynamics of a variable can be determined using solely the properties of the derived stationary counterpart. Thirdly, using this framework for prediction offers substantial advantages. The proposed methodology allows forecasting the number of periods necessary for a process to achieve the desired level and decomposing the path leading to that level into jumps of different size. It also gives a unique insight into the shape of the trajectory over the prediction horizon, which the traditional approach to the forecasting of nonstationary time series is incapable of providing.
Tiller demography of tall fescue and tall wheatgrass cut at different times during the reproductive phase
Authors: Scheneiter Jorge O. , Sacoccia Matias , Beribe María J. , Barletta Pablo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTall fescue (TF) and tall wheatgrass (TW) are the main temperate perennial grasses used for livestock grazing in the Pampas region of Argentina. In this region, pastures based on these grasses show low tiller density and the presence of bare soil in winter.MethodsAn experiment was performed in pots kept outdoors. Plants of TF and TW were cut every 550°C day and 700°C day, respectively. In each species, reproductive tillers were removed at different times: (i) at each cut, (ii) when they reached the flag leaf stage, or (iii) when they reached full bloom. Tiller appearance, tiller death, and type of bud (basal or axillary) of the tillers present were determined.ResultsTiller appearance decreased from July to April. Minimum values were 0.2 and 1.1 tillers 100 tillers−1 day−1 in TF and TW, respectively. In TF, tiller death began in September–October and increased from 0.2 to 0.8 tillers 100 tillers−1 day−1 in March–April. In TW, tiller death began in October–November and increased from 0.6 to 0.8–1.0 tillers 100 tillers−1 day−1 from February to April.ConclusionsDefoliation of reproductive tillers affected the tiller density of TF plants in spring and in the following fall. In TW, the treatments did not modify the tiller density of the plants.
Summertime and the drivin’ is easy? Daylight saving time and vehicle accidents
Authors: Laliotis Ioannis , Moscelli Giuseppe , Monastiriotis Vassilis 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe investigate how exogenous variation in daylight caused by Daylight Saving Time affects road safety as measured by the count of vehicle crashes. We use administrative daily data from Greece covering the universe of all types of recorded vehicle accidents during the 2006–2016 period. Our regression discontinuity estimates support an ambient light mechanism that reduces the counts of serious vehicle accidents during the Spring transition and increases the count of minor ones during the Fall transition. The effects are driven from the hour intervals that are mostly affected from seasonal clock changes. We then discuss the potential cost implications of those seasonal transitions. In light of the talks about abolishing seasonal clock changes in the European Union (EU), our findings are policy relevant and can inform the public debate as empirical evidence for the block is scarce.
Developmental rate displays effects of inheritance but not of sex in interpopulation hybrids of Tigriopus californicus
Authors: Healy Timothy M. , Hargadon Alexis Cody , Burton Ronald S. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCoevolved genetic interactions within populations can be disrupted by hybridization resulting in loss of fitness in hybrid individuals (i.e., hybrid breakdown). However, the extent to which variation in fitness‐related traits among hybrids is inherited across generations remains unclear, and variation in these traits may be sex‐specific in hybrids due to differential effects of genetic incompatibilities in females and males. Here we present two experiments investigating variation in developmental rate among reciprocal interpopulation hybrids of the intertidal copepod Tigriopus californicus. Developmental rate is a fitness‐related trait in this species that is affected by interactions between mitochondrial‐encoded and nuclear‐encoded genes in hybrids that result in variation in mitochondrial ATP synthesis capacities. First, we show that F2‐hybrid developmental rate is equivalent in two reciprocal crosses and is unaffected by sex, suggesting that breakdown of developmental rate is likely experienced equally by females and males. Second, we demonstrate that variation in developmental rate among F3 hybrids is heritable; times to copepodid metamorphosis of F4 offspring of fast‐developing F3 parents (12.25 ± 0.05 days, μ ± SEM) were significantly faster than those of F4 offspring of slow‐developing parents (14.58 ± 0.05 days). Third, we find that ATP synthesis rates in these F4 hybrids are unaffected by the developmental rates of their parents, but that mitochondria from females synthesize ATP at faster rates than mitochondria from males. Taken together, these results suggest that sex‐specific effects vary among fitness‐related traits in these hybrids, and that effects likely associated with hybrid breakdown display substantial inheritance across hybrid generations.
Large Yk,b ${Y}_{k,b}$‐tilings and Hamilton ℓ $\ell $‐cycles in k $k$‐uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Gan Luyining , Han Jie , Sun Lin , Wang Guanghui 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor , let be the ‐uniform hypergraph with two edges intersecting in vertices. Our main result is that any ‐vertex 3‐uniform hypergraph with at least edges contains a collection of vertex‐disjoint copies of , for . The bound on the number of edges is asymptotically best possible. This problem generalizes the Matching Conjecture of Erdős. We then use this result combined with the absorbing method to determine the asymptotically best possible minimum ‐degree threshold for ‐Hamiltonicity in ‐graphs, where is odd and . Moreover, we give related results on ‐tilings and Hamilton ‐cycles with ‐degree for some other values of .
Using maltodextrin and state diagrams to improve thermal transitions in tilapia fillet (Oreochromis spp.)
Authors: Coronado‐Vázquez Francisco J. , Grajales‐Lagunes Alicia , Rosales‐Mendoza Sergio , Abud‐Archila Miguel , Ruiz‐Cabrera Miguel Angel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundTilapia (Oreochromis spp.) in the form of frozen fillets is one of the fishes with the highest commercial production levels worldwide. However, protein denaturation, membrane rupture, and lipid oxidation are commonly observed in fillets when stored at standard commercial freezing temperatures for long periods. This study proposes, for the first time, the use of maltodextrin and state diagrams to define processing strategies and suitable storage temperatures for fresh and dehydrated tilapia fillets. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the effect of maltodextrin weight fractions () of 0, 0.4, and 0.8 on the thermal transitions of tilapia fillets as a function of solid mass fractions ().ResultsThe glass transition temperature curve () and characteristic parameters of maximal freeze concentration (, , ) of tilapia increased significantly with the addition of maltodextrin. Using developed state diagrams, freezing and storage temperatures of −22 °C, −15 °C, and −10 °C (P < 0.05) for long‐term preservation were defined for tilapia fillets produced with of 0, 0.4, and 0.8.ConclusionMaltodextrin is an excellent alternative as a cryoprotectant and drying aid to increase the thermal parameters of tilapia fillets by achieving frozen storage temperatures above the standard commercial freezing temperature of −18 °C. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Appendiceal neoplasms—A practical guide
Authors: Rossi Alexander , Maloney Patel Nell 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAppendiceal neoplasms (ANs) are a diverse group of pathologies that range from benign to malignant with widely varying prognoses. This article serves as an overview of the practical approach to evaluating and managing a patient with AN by reviewing the current literature and guidelines to provide a framework for the management of these nuanced pathologies.
Contemporary surgical management of colorectal cancer in Lynch syndrome
Authors: Abbass Mohammad Ali , Church James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLynch syndrome is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome. Although the current literature has been supportive of extended resections in certain Lynch syndrome patients with colon cancer. This article reviews the recent data on the topic and raises questions about the importance of homogenous high‐quality prospective data to establish the accurate risk of cancer and future risk of metachronous cancer in the setting of all these risk reduction interventions.
Recalcitrant prurigo nodularis after COVID‐19 vaccination and successfully treated by dupilumab
Authors: Wang Shang‐shang , Chen Qin‐yi , Xiang Lei‐hong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPrurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by the presence of pruritic nodules. We report a 57‐year‐old woman in whom PN might have been induced by COVID‐19 vaccination. PN lesions started 2 days after she received the second dose of COVID‐19 vaccine. She had a poor response to a variety of treatments but achieved satisfactory efficacy after Dupilumab therapy, an interleukin‐4 receptor inhibitor.