bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NLG1, a novel mitochondrial membrane protein, control leaf and grain development in rice
Authors: Wen Yi , Wu Kaixiong , Chai Bingze , Hu Peng , Tan Yiqing , Wang Yueying , Wu Hao , Wang Junge , Zhu Li , Zhang Guangheng , Gao Zhenyu , Ren Deyong , Zeng Dali , Shen Lan , Dong Guojun , Zhang Qiang , Li Qing , Qian Qian , Hu Jiang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Mitochondrion is the key respiratory organ and participates in various anabolic and catabolic metabolic pathways in eukaryote. However, the underlying mechanism of how mitochondrial membrane proteins regulate leaf and grain development remains to be further elucidated.
Results Here, a mitochondria-defective mutant narrow leaf and slender grain 1 (nlg1) was identified from an EMS-treated mutant population, which exhibits narrow leaves and slender grains. Map-based cloning and transgenic functional confirmation revealed that NLG1encodes a mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase containing a subunit Tim21 domain. NLG1 was identified as a mitochondria-localized translocase protein, which is mainly transcribed in leaves and panicles. Further analysis showed that the expression level of respiratory function and auxin response related genes were significantly down-regulated, resulting in ATP production and auxin content declined remarkably in nlg1. Moreover, nlg1 also exhibited abnormal mitochondria structure and was sensitive to the inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport chain.
Conclusions These results suggested that NLG1 plays an important role in the regulation of leaf and grain size development by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Our finding provides a novel insight for exploring the relationship between mitochondria development and plant growth in rice.
Developing Behavioural Activation for people with acquired brain injury: A qualitative interpretive description study of barriers and facilitators to activity engagement
Authors: Kusec Andrea , Methley Abigail , Murphy Fionnuala C. , Peers Polly V. , Carmona Estela , Manly Tom 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Acquired brain injuries (ABI) from stroke, head injury, or resected brain tumours are associated with poor emotional wellbeing and heightened risk of mood disorder. Common sequalae of ABI, such as poor attention and memory, can create barriers to the efficacy of cognitively demanding mood interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Behavioural Activation (BA), where individuals plan and engage in reinforcing activities, is a promising alternative due to lower cognitive demands. However, BA was initially developed in clinical populations without ABI where the primary barriers to activity engagement were low mood and anxious avoidance. Additionally, BA can incorporate a range of techniques (e.g., mood monitoring, activity scheduling, targeting avoidance, contingency management) and psychoeducational topics (e.g., mindfulness, managing uncertainty; social/communication skills). Exploring barriers and facilitators to adopting specific BA components in ABI is an important aim.
Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively selected ABI survivors (N = 16) with both low and high depressive symptoms, and family members (N = 7). Questions focused on routine and enjoyable activities, and feedback on 10 different BA techniques and associated psychoeducational topics. Transcripts were analysed using an interpretive description framework. Analysis was informed by field notes, reflexivity diaries, and peer debriefing.
Results: The final constructed framework, Creating Sustainable Engagement, comprises a two-tier hierarchy. Higher-level themes concerned core perspectives of BA, regardless of BA component discussed. This included identifying optimal time windows for different BA components (Right Tool at the Right Time), that BA components should, at least initially, not be burdensome or fatiguing (Perceived Effort), that emotional readiness to confront activity-mood relationships should be addressed (Emotional Impact), and that planned BA activities are consistent with individual values (Relation to Values). Lower-level themes concerned specific BA components: Of these, activity scheduling, procedures targeting avoidance, managing uncertainty and social/communication skills were generally well-received, while mood monitoring, contingency management, and mindfulness had mixed feedback.
Conclusions: BA is a widely scalable intervention that can be adapted for ABI. This study provides a novel framework on implementing a range of BA components in ABI and adds to the limited evidence on which components may be particularly suitable.
Straw Mulching and Plant Spacing Enhance Yield and Some Quality Traits of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Varieties
Authors: Ezaddin Neven Azad , Salih Rabar Fatah 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background Intensive research globally requested on climate change and increase the risk of drought. Organic mulch applications may be right way of agricultural management strategy for right now. This experiment conducted by using wheat straw mulch (M0 as control and M1= 4.2 t. ha-1), two plant spacing of (S1= 25cm and S2= 35cm) with three varieties Lachata, Coker 310 and Stoneville 213, that symbolled by (V1, V2 and V3), which were for determining its impact on yield, yield components and some quality parameters in two locations of Erbil Governorate.
Results Thereby, the results showed that maximum number of bolls. plant-1, lint index and ginning out turn were by Lachata variety. As well as, maximum number of seeds. boll-1 and earliness index were (27.06 and 82.36 %) by Coker 310. Mulching increased number of bolls. plant-1, boll weight, number of seeds. boll-1, and seed cotton yield as compared to no mulch treatment at both locations. There more, the interaction of factors in which V1S1M1 and V2S2M0 recorded the highest and lowest number of bolls. plant-1 which were (37.3 and 17.1), and seed cotton yield were (5900.0 and 2222.2 kg. ha-1), respectively at Grdarasha location. However, in fiber quality parameters such as longer staple length and single fiber length noted in mulched plots as compared to no mulch.
Conclusion Therefore, the use of wheat straw mulch has an impact on cotton yield and quality.
Using 320-Slice Computed Tomography to Preoperatively Investigate
Authors: Huu Trung Vu , Lam Khanh , Van Doan Le , Huu Dung Vu , Pham Tuan Anh , Tung Lam Nguyen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the leg perforator arterial system, identify the perforator flap’s pedicle artery and its projected cutaneous point using a 320-slice computed tomography (CT 320) scanner.
Methods
A total of 24 patients with leg soft-tissue defects unilaterally underwent 320-slice CT angiography scanning (CTA 320) with 47 legs. The used method enabled investigation of the perforator arteries originating from the tibial, peroneal arteries, perforator flap’s pedicle artery and its projected cutaneous point. These data were used to preoperatively design an improved flap. Then, the CT-confirmed location and length of the flap’s pedicle artery were compared with intraoperative findings.
Results
Findings of the CTA 320 on 47 legs showed that 217 perforator arteries with diameters of ≥ 0.5 mm were detected; the average number of arteries per leg, their average length and diameter were 4.6 ± 2.1, 30.7 ± 10.4 mm and 1.16 ± 0.27 mm, respectively. The perforator arteries originating from the anterior tibial artery were mainly distributed in the proximal and middle thirds of the leg. Perforators from the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries were distributed abundantly in the middle and distal thirds of the leg. As identified in the CT, the location and length of the flap’s pedicle artery and its projected cutaneous point were consistent with those observed during the surgery.
Conclusions
The CTA 320 is a minimally invasive imaging method that provides high-quality images of the leg perforator arterial system and can identify the exact location and projected cutaneous point of the perforator flap’s pedicle artery.
Evaluation of the of isothermal phases transformations and hardness measurements in SAF 2507 super duplex using Pulsed Eddy Currents
Authors: Santos Ygor T. B. , Queiroz João Carlos S. , Cavalcanti Luiz Antônio Pimentel , Farias Cláudia Teresa Teles , Silva Ivan Costa 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is utilized in various industries, including offshore, chemical, petrochemical, and pulp and paper. Exposure to certain temperatures can cause degradation of this material, reducing its mechanical and chemical properties, and potentially leading to equipment failure. In order to determine the residual lifespan of equipment made of SDSS, microstructural changes must be analyzed. Non-destructive techniques are favored over destructive methods, as they allow for the analysis without compromising the material. The Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) technique, commonly used to detect corrosion under insulation, also has potential to determine mechanical properties of SDSS. The aim of this study was to investigate how the amount of ferrite in SAF 2507 steel samples, subjected to different heat treatments, affects the signal received by a PEC probe. Results showed that the signal amplitude is related to the amount of ferrite present. The findings were compared to those obtained through optical microscopy, hardness measurements and suggest the feasibility of using PEC for this purpose.
Analysis of /s/ sound acoustic characteristics and mandibular speech movements in aesthetic restoration: a case series evaluation
Authors: Liu Ruirui , Hu Anni , Wu Linyue , Niu Lin , Zhou Qin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives

Although great attention has been paid to improve aesthetic and biological function in restorative dentistry, the pronunciation issues after anterior restoration still trouble patients. The aims were to evaluate the effect of different incisor overlaps on the /s/ acoustic characteristics and mandibular speech movement trajectory of patients for anterior aesthetic restoration.

Materials and Methods

Eight patients who required bilateral upper incisors restoration were selected without any other oral diseases or malocclusion. Five prostheses with different overlaps (P0: prosthesis with original overlap; P1, P2, P3: prosthesis with overjet of 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, respectively; Pf: final prosthesis with overlap by considering the normal aesthetic and functional restoration principles) were made for each patient. Then /s/ sound acoustic characteristics and mandibular speech movement trajectory were tested.

Results

The overlap for each patient changed after restoration (Pf) compared with the original value (P0). Patients’ acoustic features of /s/ sound and mandibular speech movement altered with overlaps change. Only noise peak and maximum closing speed both before and after restoration (P0-Pf) were statistically different and lower than that of individual normal occlusion (INO) (P < 0.05). A certain variational trend was found between overlaps and acoustic features of /s/ sound and mandibular speech movement.

Conclusions

Aesthetic anterior restoration may result in overlap changes, which may disturb normal acoustic characteristics of /s/ sound and mandibular speech movement. Clinical Relevance: Only with the harmonious preconditions as occlusion, aesthetics and pronunciation, can we achieve the goal of integrating aesthetics and function in restorative dentistry.
Clinical Relevance: Only with the harmonious preconditions as occlusion, aesthetics and pronunciation, can we achieve the goal of integrating aesthetics and function in restorative dentistry.
Fatty acids metabolism affects the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immune microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Hansen , Fu Liangmin , Cao Jiazheng , Chen Zhenhua , Lu Jun , Zhang Lizhen , Chen Wei , Li Xiaofei , Mumin Mukhtar Adan , Yao Gaosheng , Bao Jiahao , Zhao Yiqi , Liu Yujun , Zhu Jiangquan , Wang Yinghan , Shu Guannan , Chen Minyu , Luo Junhang , Zhou Xinwei , Chen Yuhang , Li Pengju , Xu Quanhui 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background：Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly invasive and metastatic subtype of kidney malignancy and is correlated with metabolic reprogramming for adaptation to the tumor microenvironment comprising infiltrated immune cells and immunomodulatory molecules. The role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their association with abnormal fatty acids metabolism in ccRCC remain poorly understood.
Method: Data from TGCA-KIRC, E-MTAB-1980, CheckMate-025, IMmotion150 and IMmotion151 cohort were obtained for subsequent analysis. After differential expression genes identification, the signature was constructed through univariate Cox proportional hazard regression and simultaneously the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis and the predictive performance of our signature was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis, nomogram, drug sensitivity analysis, immunotherapeutic effect analysis and enrichment analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR and western blot were performed to measure related mRNA or protein expression. Biological features were evaluated by wound healing, cell migration and invasion assays and colony formation test and analyzed using coculture assay and flow cytometry.
Results: Twenty fatty acids metabolism-related mRNA signatures were constructed in TCGA and possessed a strong predictive performance demonstrated through time-dependent ROC and KM survival analysis. Notably, the high-risk group exhibited an impaired response to anti-PD-1/ PD-L1(Programmed death-1 receptor/Programmed death-1 receptor-ligand) therapy compared to the low-risk group. The overall levels of the immune score were higher in the high-risk group. Additionally, drug sensitivity analysis observed that the model could effectively predict efficacy and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Enrichment analysis revealed that the IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway was a major pathway. IL4I1 could promote ccRCC cells’ proliferation, migration and invasion through JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and M2-like macrophage polarization.
Conclusion: The study elucidates that targeting fatty acids metabolism can affect the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immune microenvironment as well as related signal pathways. The model can effectively predict the response to several treatment options, underscoring its potential clinical utility.
Genome-wide investigation of NLP gene family members in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.): Evolution and expression profiles during development and stress
Authors: Yu Jinqiu , Yuan Yuying , Dong Linling , Cui Guowen 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
NIN-like protein (NLP) transcription factors (TFs) compose a plant-specific gene family whose members play vital roles in plant physiological processes, especially in the regulation of plant growth and the response to nitrate-nitrogen. However, no systematic identification or analysis of the NLP gene family has been reported in alfalfa. The recently completed whole-genome sequence of alfalfa has allowed us to investigate genome-wide characteristics and expression profiles.
Results
53 MsNLP genes were identified from alfalfa and renamed according to their respective chromosome distributions. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these MsNLPs could be classified into three groups on the basis of their conserved domains. Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed that closely clustered MsNLP genes were relatively conserved within each subgroup. Synteny analysis revealed 4 fragment duplication events of MsNLPs in alfalfa. The ratios of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates of gene pairs indicated that MsNLP genes underwent purifying selection during evolution. Examination of the expression patterns of different tissues revealed specific expression patterns of MsNLP genes in the leaves, indicating that these genes are involved in plant functional development. Prediction of cis-acting regulatory elements and expression profiles further demonstrated that MsNLP genes might play important roles in the response to abiotic stress and in phytohormone signal transduction processes.
Conclusion
This study represents the first genome-wide characterization of MsNLP in alfalfa. Most MsNLPs are expressed mainly in leaves and respond positively to abiotic stresses and hormonal treatments. These results provide a valuable resource for an improved understanding of the characteristics and biological roles of MsNLP genes in alfalfa.
Synthetic PROTACs based on a depsipeptide macrocycle selectively degrade cyclophilin A and inhibit HIV-1
Authors: Gathmann Clara , Newton Lydia S. , Ridewood Sophie , Smith Robert J. , Hornsby Thomas W. , Reuschl Ann-Kathrin , Wijaya Andre , Morling Kate L. , Tan Ying Ying , Thorne Lucy G. , Ciulli Alessio , Jolly Clare , Towers Greg J. , Selwood David L. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

We have designed and characterised PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) active against the human protein cyclophilin A (CypA), a viral cofactor required for efficient replication of a series of unrelated viruses. Our cyclophilin PROTACs have fully synthetic macrocycle warheads derived from Sanglifehrin A, which are structurally different from the classical Cyp inhibitor, cyclosporin A, and do not have immunosuppressive activity. They effectively degrade CypA, with selectivity over CypB, in a ubiquitin dependent manner and across a variety of cell lines and primary cells. Critically, CypA degradation underlies improved antiviral activity against HIV-1 in primary T cells compared to the non-PROTAC parental inhibitor. We propose that PROTACs targeting CypA to inhibit viral replication promise high antiviral potency, reduced evolution of viral resistance, and broad specificity for unrelated viruses.
Inviscid modeling of unsteady morphing airfoils using a discrete-vortex method
Authors: Martínez-Carmena Alfonso , Ramesh Kiran 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
A low-order physics-based model to simulate the unsteady flow response to airfoils undergoing large-amplitude variations of the camber is presented in this paper. Potential-flow theory adapted for unsteady airfoils and numerical methods using discrete-vortex elements are combined to obtain rapid predictions of flow behavior and force evolution. To elude the inherent restriction of thin-airfoil theory to small flow disturbances, a time-varying chord line is proposed in this work over which to satisfy the appropriate boundary condition, enabling large deformations of the camber line to be modeled. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed to assess the accuracy of the low-order model for a wide range of dynamic trailing-edge flap deflections, up to δ = 45◦. By allowing the chord line to rotate with trailing-edge deflections, aerodynamic loads predictions are greatly enhanced as compared to the classical approach where the chord line is fixed. This is especially evident for large-amplitude deformations.
Ultrasonographic Examination of Masticatory Muscles in Patients with TMJ Arthralgia and Headache Attributed to Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Bae Hyung-Kyu , Chun Yang-Hyun , Lee Jung-Woo , Kim Hee-Jin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Aim: This study used ultrasonography to compare the thickness and cross-sectional area of the masticatory muscles in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthralgia and investigated the differences according to sex and the co-occurrence of headache attributed to temporomandibular disorders (HATMD).
Methods: The observational study comprised 100 patients with TMJ arthralgia (71 females; mean age, 40.01 ± 17.67 years) divided into two groups: group 1, including 86 patients with arthralgia alone (60 females; 41.15 ± 17.65 years); and group 2, including 14 patients with concurrent arthralgia and HATMD (11 females; 33.00 ± 16.72 years). The parameters of the masticatory muscles examined by ultrasonography were analyzed.
Results: The pain area (2.23 ± 1.75 vs. 5.79 ± 2.39, p=0.002) and visual analog scale (VAS) score (3.41 ± 1.82 vs. 5.57 ± 12.14, p=0.002) were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Muscle thickness (12.58 ± 4.24 mm) and cross-sectional area (4.46 ± 2.57 cm2) were larger in the masseter muscle than in the other three masticatory muscles (p<0.001). When examining sex-based differences, the thickness and area of the masseter and lower temporalis muscles were significantly larger in males (all p<0.05). The area of the masseter muscle (4.67 ± 2.69 vs. 3.18 ± 0.92, p=0.004) and lower temporalis muscle (3.76 ± 0.95 vs. 3.21 ± 1.02, p=0.049) was significantly smaller in group 2 than in group 1. An increase in VAS was significantly negatively correlated with the thickness of the masseter (r=-0.268) and lower temporalis (r=-0.215), and the cross-sectional area of the masseter (r=-0.329) and lower temporalis (r=-0.293).
Conclusion: The masseter and lower temporalis muscles were significantly thinner in females than in males, and their volumes were smaller in patients with TMJ arthralgia and HATMD than in those with TMJ arthralgia alone. HATMD and decreased masseter and lower temporal muscle volume were associated with increased pain intensity.
Age-period-cohort analysis of stroke incidence in China and India from 1990 to 2019 and predictions up to 2042
Authors: Ji Xincan , Tao Mengjun , Guo Hao-Yang , Wang Wei , Wang Peipei , Jin Lairun , Yuan Hui , Peng Hui , Ye Mingquan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the trend of stroke incidence in Chinese and Indian residents from 1990 to 2019, to discuss the effects of age, period, and birth cohort factors on the incidence of stroke in China and India, respectively, and to predict the future incidence trends to provide scientific reference for stroke prevention and control measures in China and India.
Methods
We downloaded the stroke incidence data of China and India residents from the GBD2019 database from 1990 to 2019 and fitted the trend of stroke incidence data of China city residents by using the Joinpoint regression model to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC). In addition, the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the incidence of stroke were investigated by building an age-period-cohort model. Bayesian age-period-cohort models were used to predict stroke incidence by 2042.
Results
The overall trend in stroke incidence from 1990 to 2019 was downward in both China and India. Age-standardized incidence rates in China and India decreased from 221.51/100,000 and 121.35/100,000 in 1990 to 200.84/100,000 and 110.7/100,000 in 2019, respectively. Joinpoint regression models showed that stroke incidence in China declined by an average of 0.35% per year (AAPC = − 0.35%, P < 0.001), with the fastest decline occurring from 2005 to 2010 (AAPC = − 2.18%, P < 0.001), and that stroke incidence in India declined by an average of 0.32% per year (AAPC = − 0.32%, P < 0.001), with the fastest decline occurring from 1995 to 2000 (APC = − 1.57%, P < 0.001). Age-period-cohort models showed that the relative risk (RR) of stroke increased with age and period in both countries but decreased with birth cohort. Projections indicate a decreasing trend in the incidence of stroke in the Chinese population by 2042. The ASIR for men and women decreases to 186.87/100,000 and 161.97/100,000, respectively, while the incidence of stroke in the Indian population shows an upward trend, increasing to 133.85/100,000 and 209.16/100,000 for men and women, respectively.
Conclusion
The age-standardized incidence of stroke in both China and India showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019. In both countries, the risk of stroke increased with increasing age and period and decreased with birth cohort. Increasing age is a key factor influencing stroke incidence in both countries, and stroke remains a major public health problem in both countries, especially because they are the two most populous countries in the world.