bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and low‐cost method to visualize musculature and other aspects of anatomy by confocal microscopy
Authors: Petrov Anatoly A. , Soldatenko Elena V. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractConfocal microscopy study of musculature and other anatomical structures in whole‐mount preparations of arthropods and some other cuticle‐bearing animals often presents a significant difficulty because the cuticle poses a barrier to fluorescent dyes and their pigmented tissues can cause attenuation of fluorescent signal. This paper describes a simple and inexpensive procedure based on the use of clove oil as a tissue‐clearing, staining, and mounting medium that helps overcome the problem of slow dye penetration and tissue opaqueness and allows muscles and several other organ systems to be visualized by confocal or epifluorescent microscopy. This clove oil‐induced fluorescence (COIF) method relies on the ability of clove oil to accumulate in muscles and some other tissues and become steadily fluorescent if irradiated at 488 nm. For this method, animals were fixed in 70% ethanol or 4% formaldehyde, then dehydrated and mounted in clove oil. Heavily pigmented animals were additionally bleached in hydrogen peroxide prior to the dehydration step. The COIF method showed excellent results in all major groups of arthropods and some mollusks and annelids revealing the three‐dimensional arrangement of muscles, gonads, glands, cellular nuclei and some parts of the nervous and digestive systems. In the other animal groups tested, clove oil stained all tissues making it difficult to observe the anatomical details. The COIF method is advantageous in some respects over other methods such as phalloidin staining because of its tissue penetration and clearing abilities, low cost of the reagents, resistance to photodamage and the possibility of staining museum specimens.
Phenology, floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha Aona (Commelinaceae), an endemic endangered species in an Atlantic Forest fragment
Authors: de Almeida Junior Railson Alves Correia , de Souza Everton Hilo , da Costa Grênivel Mota , Rossi Mônica Lanzoni , Bittrich Volker , Amaral Maria do Carmo Estanislau do , Aona Lidyanne Yuriko Saleme 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCommelinaceae is an important component of the Atlantic Forest and its analysis can provide information on the conservation of that species. This study had the objective of analyzing the phenology and floral and reproductive biology of Dichorisandra rhizantha, growing in an Atlantic Forest fragment, to obtain data related to the form of reproduction and pollination mechanism of this species. We monitored the phenophases and reproductive biology of the D. rhizantha in the area studied using different methodologies and microscopy techniques (LM, SEM and FM). The flowering period occurs during the dry season. The species is andromonoecious and has daytime anthesis (4:30 a.m.–1:30 p.m.). It has purple zygomorphic flowers and rimose but functionally poricidal anthers. The pollen viability was 97.6% and the two floral morphs investigated contained a large quantity of pollen grains. The time of greatest stigma receptivity (anthesis) coincided with the pollen viability. Cross‐pollination was the only efficient reproductive system of the species, with observation of gametophytic self‐incompatibility and pollen tubes growth only as far as the middle or lower third of the pistil. We observed bee species of the genera Xylocopa and Euglossa visiting the flowers and acting as effective pollinators. The immature fruits were formed after about 3.25 ± 1 days, and the presence was noted of ants of the genus Cephalotes acting as dispersers of the seeds, with aril serving as the reward. Although the natural reproductive system is efficient, D. rhizantha is endangered, mainly due to fragmentation of habitat caused by deforestation and urban encroachment.
Africa's lockdown dilemma: High poverty and low trust
Authors: Egger Eva‐Maria , Jones Sam , Justino Patricia , Manhique Ivan , Santos Ricardo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic unfolded, sub‐Saharan African countries faced the dilemma of how to minimize viral transmission without adversely affecting the poor. This study proposes an index of lockdown readiness, taking into account housing conditions and income security, and analyses how this predicts the pandemic responses of governments. Drawing on Afrobarometer data, we document that less than two in 10 urban households were fully ready for a lockdown and that neither institutional nor community trust levels offset this challenge. We find that the prior degree of lockdown readiness was predictive of the stringency of restrictions adopted but not of social unrest.
The characteristics and evolution process of presummer intense regional rainfall over the Pearl River Delta metropolitan region
Authors: Li Yuping , Lu Xi , Xiang Kunlun , Jiang Mingnuo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe presummer intense regional rainfall events (RREs) over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) metropolitan region have been defined using rainy stations, maximum instantaneous regional rainfall coefficient (RRCt) and maximum rainfall intensity based on the rain gauge data from 2008 to 2017. Most of intense RREs with the maximum rainfall intensity about 20–60 mm·h−1 and the lifetime shorter than 24 h have the primary rainfall peak from noon to afternoon. Based on the rainfall pattern at 3 h prior to the events start, the intense RREs can be classified into two groups that one is southeastward propagation mode originating from the northwestern mountains of PRD and another is coastal mode from South China Sea (SCS). During the premonsoon‐onset period, the first type of RREs is the main mode causing the heavy rain in the cities of the inland region owing to the anomalous cold air from north confronting the wet and warm air from south with the increased southwesterly winds resulting in the strengthening frontal zone and moisture convergence. After the summer monsoon onset, the main rainfall pattern changes to the coastal mode having the significant impact on the coastal cities. The obvious anomalous cyclonic circulation related with the increased moisture convergence in the coastal regions providing the favourable conditions of the convection initiation and development. The study of the characteristics and evolution process of preceding intense RREs can improve the forecasting skills and reduce the risk of urban inundation.
Application of highly ozonated sunflower oil does not improve palatal wound healing: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Loureiro Bruno B. , Juber Paola , Souza Alessandra A. , Cezario Edson M. , Lima‐Junior Josué C. , Fontes Karla Bianca F. C. , Soares Isabela F. , Zuza Elizangela P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundOzone is a molecule that plays an important role in dentistry, specially for wound healing. The aim of the present study was to clinically and immunologically evaluate the effect of ozonated oil on the healing of palatal wounds.MethodsThis is a prospective, longitudinal, triple‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. The groups were divided as follows: Test group (n = 14): after removal of the free gingival graft (FGG), the palatal wound was treated with ozonized seed sunflower oil with a peroxide index between 510 and 625 meq O2/kg; Control group (n = 14): after removal of the FGG, the palatal wound was treated with non‐ozonated sunflower oil (placebo). The treatments were applied three times a day, for 7 days.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the measurements of wound area (mm2) between the test and control groups in the different periods evaluated (0, 3, 7, and 14 days; p > 0.05). The intra‐group analysis showed a significant decrease in wound size over the course of days (0, 3, 7, and 14 days; p < 0.05). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; pg/mL) presented a significant reduction at 7 days (p < 0.05) compared to day 3 in the test group (p < 0.05). There was a statistical difference for malondialdehyde (MDA; pg/mL) in the test group between 3 and 7 days post‐treatment (p < 0.05) and between test and control groups on the 7th day (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe application of highly ozonated sunflower oil did not improve the remaining scar area of the palate, decreasing the VEGF and increasing the oxidative stress marker MDA.
Passive layer investigation on tin and tin solder alloys
Authors: Schneider Michael , Langklotz Ulrike , Körsten Oliver , Gierth Uta 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe present work investigates the passive film formation and properties on tin and tin solder alloys in weakly acidic nitrate solution by using conventional electrochemical methods as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky analysis. It is observed that the influence of the main alloying elements, antimony and copper, positively influences the formation and properties of native oxide films on the respective alloys. If the oxide film is anodically formed, the process can be interpreted as a high‐field mechanism. In this case, antimony, as well as copper, increases the electron conductivity of the anodic formed layers analogous to the transparent conducting oxide layers (e.g., ATO layers).
Stretchable Polyaniline@Epoxidized Natural Rubber Composites with Strong 3D Conductive Networks for High Performance Strain Sensors
Authors: Gao Yifei , Sun Jinyu , Tian Xiaohui , Yuan Yizhong 
Published: January 2023

AbstractFlexible strain sensors are one of the core devices in wearable electronics. At present, it is still difficult to develop flexible strain sensors with high stretchability, sensitivity, and long‐term stability. In this study, polyaniline (PANI) is successfully coated onto the surface of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) nanospheres to form the PANI@ENR composites with core–shell structure by in situ polymerization. At PANI content of 5 wt% (PANI/ENR), the optimally conductive networks of PANI endow the composites with excellent comprehensive properties. The strain‐sensing tests show that the PANI@ENR composites possess two successive linear sensing ranges (gauge factor of 7.3 in 0–400% strain, gauge factor of 1.8 in 400–1000% strain) and excellent cycling stability (over 2500 cycles at 0–50% strain). In addition, PANI@ENR‐based strain sensors can monitor the movements of human finger joints, elbow joints, and knee joints in real time, indicating a wide range of potential applications in wearable flexible electronics.
Reversible Molecular Capture and Release in Microfluidics by Host–Guest Interactions in Hydrogel Microdots
Authors: Jiao Chen , Liubimtsev Nikolai , Zagradska‐Paromova Zlata , Appelhans Dietmar , Gaitzsch Jens , Voit Brigitte 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe integration of microscopic hydrogels with high specific surface area and physically reactive groups into microfluidic systems for selective molecular interactions is attracting increasing attention. Herein, the reversible capture and release of molecules through host–guest interactions of hydrogel dots in a microfluidic device is reported, which translates the supramolecular chemistry to the microscale conditions under continuous flow. Polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel arrays with grafted β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) modified poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (CD‐PMOXA) chains are fabricated by photopolymerization and integrated into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐on‐glass chip. The β‐CD/adamantane (β‐CD/Ada) host–guest complex is confirmed by two dimensional Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy NMR (2D NOESY NMR) prior to transfer to microfluidics. Ada‐modified molecules are successfully captured by host–guest interaction formed between the CD‐PMOXA grafted chains in the hydrogel network and the guest molecule in the solution. Furthermore, the captured molecules are released by perfusing free β‐CD with higher binding affinity than those grafted in the hydrogel array. A small guest molecule adamantane‐fluorescein‐isothiocyanate (Ada‐FITC) and a macromolecular guest molecule (Ada‐PMOXA‐Cyanine 5 (Cy5)) are separately captured and released for three times with a release ratio up to 46% and 92%, respectively. The reproducible capture and release of functional molecules with different sizes demonstrates the stability of this hydrogel system in microfluidics and will provide an opportunity for future applications.
Theoretical research of chalcogenide waveguide CH4 sensor based on lift‐off method
Authors: Liu Yang , Pi Mingquan , Zheng Chuantao 
Published: January 2023

AbstractChalcogenide (ChG) waveguide gas sensor with good application prospect at mid‐infrared band can be fabricated by the lift‐off method with a simple process. However, the inclined sidewalls of the core layer caused by lift‐off are unavoidable. The TE and TM mode ChG rectangular waveguides were optimized and the influence of inclined angle on the sensing performance was studied. The performance of TE mode ChG waveguide is more affected by the fabrication error of the inclined angle. The relative variation of the external confinement factor and limit of detection of the TM mode waveguide are 10 and 23 times smaller than that of the TE mode waveguide. This work provides guidance for the design, fabrication, and application of the ChG waveguide gas sensors fabricated by the lift‐off method.
A markerless beam's eye view motion monitoring algorithm based on structure conversion and demons registration in medical image with partial data
Authors: Qiu Minmin , Guan Qi , Zhong Jiajian , Huang Taiming , Luo Ning , Deng Yongjin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPurposeTo propose a markerless beam's eye view (BEV) motion monitoring algorithm, which works with the inferior quality megavolt (MV) images with multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) occlusion‐compatible.MethodsA thorax phantom was used to verify the accuracy of the algorithm. Lung tumor quality assurance (QA) plans were generated for the phantom, and delivered 10 times on the linear accelerator with manually treatment offsets in various directions. The algorithm was used to register 753 electronic portal imaging device (EPID) images with the appropriate digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR), calculating a registration offset that was compared with the actual offset to determine the monitoring errors. Image similarity measure was used as an independent check. Additionally, patient data of 21 lung tumor treatment plans were gathered. A total of 533 pairs of patient images were acquired for motion monitoring study, to offer quantifiable data of the tumor position change during treatment.ResultsThe monitoring algorithm can process various degrees (10%–80%) of image loss, and performs well when dealing with non‐rigid registration for partial data images. About 86.8% of the monitoring errors are less than 3 mm in the algorithm verification of the phantom study, and about 80% of the errors are under than 2 mm. Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) of phantom images changes from 1.182 ± 0.026 to 1.202 ± 0.027, with p < 0.005, and the Hausdorff‐Distance (HD) changes from 3.506 ± 0.417 mm to 3.466 ± 0.473 mm, with p < 0.005. Translation with a displacement range of ‐6.0 mm to 6.2 mm is the predominant change of the patient target during treatment. NMI of patient images changes from 1.216 ± 0.031 to 1.225 ± 0.031, with p < 0.005, and HD changes from 3.131 ± 0.876 mm to 3.118 ± 0.038 mm, with p < 0.005. The dice index of target before and after registration is 0.264 ± 0.336, indicating the presence of non‐negligible non‐rigid deformation.ConclusionsThe study provides a robust markerless motion monitoring algorithm for multi‐modal, partial data and inferior quality image processing.
A novel mixed and energy‐momentum consistent framework for coupled nonlinear thermo‐electro‐elastodynamics
Authors: Franke Marlon , Zähringer Felix , Hille Moritz , Ortigosa Rogelio , Betsch Peter , Gil Antonio J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA novel mixed framework and energy‐momentum consistent integration scheme in the field of coupled nonlinear thermo‐electro‐elastodynamics is proposed. The mixed environment is primarily based on a framework for elastodynamics in the case of polyconvex strain energy functions. For this elastodynamic framework, the properties of the so‐called tensor cross product are exploited to derive a mixed formulation via a Hu‐Washizu type extension of the strain energy function. Afterwards, a general path to incorporate nonpotential problems for mixed formulations is demonstrated. To this end, the strong form of the mixed framework is derived and supplemented with the energy balance as well as Maxwell's equations neglecting magnetic and time dependent effects. By additionally choosing an appropriate energy function, this procedure leads to a fully coupled thermo‐electro‐elastodynamic formulation which benefits from the properties of the underlying mixed framework. In addition, the proposed mixed framework facilitates the design of a new energy‐momentum consistent time integration scheme by employing discrete derivatives in the sense of Gonzalez. A one‐step integration scheme of second‐order accuracy is obtained which is shown to be stable even for large time steps. Eventually, the performance of the novel formulation is demonstrated in several numerical examples.
Real‐time control of connected vehicles in signalized corridors using pseudospectral convex optimization
Authors: Shi Yang , Wang Zhenbo , LaClair Tim J. , Wang Chieh (Ross) , Shao Yunli 
Published: January 2023

AbstractRecent advances in Connected and Automated Vehicle (CAV) technologies have opened up new opportunities to enable safe, efficient, and sustainable transportation systems. However, developing reliable and rapid speed control algorithms in highly dynamic environments with complex inter‐vehicle interactions and nonlinear vehicle dynamics is still a daunting task. In this paper, we develop a novel speed control method for CAVs to produce optimal speed profiles that minimize the fuel consumption and avoid idling at signalized intersections. To this end, an optimal control problem is formulated using the information of the upcoming traffic signal to adapt vehicles' speeds to avoid frequent stop‐and‐go driving patterns. By applying the pseudospectral discretization method and the sequential convex programming method, the computational efficiency is greatly improved, enabling potential real‐time on‐vehicle applications. In addition, the algorithm is implemented under a model predictive control framework to ensure online control with instant response for collision avoidance and robust vehicle coordination. The proposed algorithm is verified through numerical simulations of three different traffic scenarios. The convergence and accuracy of the proposed approach are demonstrated by comparing with a popular nonlinear solver. Furthermore, the benefit of the proposed method in both traffic mobility and fuel efficiency is validated using the speed profile determined from a traffic following model in a simulation software as the baseline.
Artificial intelligence‐based digital scores of stromal tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and tumour‐associated stroma predict disease‐specific survival in triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Albusayli Rawan , Graham J Dinny , Pathmanathan Nirmala , Shaban Muhammad , Raza Shan E Ahmed , Minhas Fayyaz , Armes Jane E , Rajpoot Nasir 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known to have a relatively poor outcome with variable prognoses, raising the need for more informative risk stratification. We investigated a set of digital, artificial intelligence (AI)‐based spatial tumour microenvironment (sTME) features and explored their prognostic value in TNBC. After performing tissue classification on digitised haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides of TNBC cases, we employed a deep learning‐based algorithm to segment tissue regions into tumour, stroma, and lymphocytes in order to compute quantitative features concerning the spatial relationship of tumour with lymphocytes and stroma. The prognostic value of the digital features was explored using survival analysis with Cox proportional hazard models in a cross‐validation setting on two independent international multi‐centric TNBC cohorts: The Australian Breast Cancer Tissue Bank (AUBC) cohort (n = 318) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Breast Cancer (TCGA) cohort (n = 111). The proposed digital stromal tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes (Digi‐sTILs) score and the digital tumour‐associated stroma (Digi‐TAS) score were found to carry strong prognostic value for disease‐specific survival, with the Digi‐sTILs and Digi‐TAS scores giving C‐index values of 0.65 (p = 0.0189) and 0.60 (p = 0.0437), respectively, on the TCGA cohort as a validation set. Combining the Digi‐sTILs feature with the patient's positivity status for axillary lymph nodes yielded a C‐index of 0.76 on unseen validation cohorts. We surmise that the proposed digital features could potentially be used for better risk stratification and management of TNBC patients. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Mechanical, DMA, and fatigue behavior of Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose Bambusa vulgaris fiber epoxy composites
Authors: Kaliappan S. , Velumayil Ramesh , Natrayan L. , Pravin P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis investigation aimed to determine the effect of adding Vitis vinifera stalk cellulose (VSC) to epoxy resin composites reinforced with Bambusa vulgaris fiber (BVF). This study also focused on the mechanical, dynamic mechanical analysis, and fatigue properties of epoxy composites fabricated using VSC and BVF. The composite laminates were prepared using a hand layup method and were evaluated with respect to the corresponding ASTM standards. The mechanical properties illustrate that the increment in values for tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, Izod impact as well as hardness maximum up to 162 MPa, 6.21 GPa, 182 MPa, 6.48 GPa, 5.72 J, and 90 shore‐D, respectively for 5.0 vol% of BVF and 40 vol% of bamboo fiber composite designation EBG3 (Epoxy + Bamboo + Grape cellulose). Similarly, the addition of BVF by 40 vol% improved the storage modulus, loss factor, and fatigue life count of composite “EB” (Epoxy + Bamboo) by about 2.91 GPa, 0.55 and 19,227, respectively. The highest observed storage modulus and minimum loss factor were about 4.14 GPa and 0.36 for the composite designation “EBG3” as well as the maximum observed fatigue life counts were about 34,227 for the same. These composites with mechanically strong properties with improved thermo‐mechanical properties and fatigue life could be applicable in automotive side door beadings, ballistic resistance defense equipments, sports goods, and also in some of the household gadgets making purposes.