bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and Chemical Management of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa L.) Pests in the Bireuen District of Aceh Province
Authors: Andrian J , Priyambodo S , Dadang  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The agricultural sector, including food crops, plantations, fisheries, livestock, and forestry, plays an essential role in the development of the national economy development. The infestation of pests, diseases, and weeds is one of the constraints to obtaining optimal crop production. One of the major pest, especially on estate crops, is wild boar (Sus scrofa L.). The damage caused to plantation commodities, especially those bordering the forest, is very significant. Therefore, it needs to be controlled. The objectives of this research were to study: Food bait preference, mechanical control using hook bait and snare trap, and chemical control using zinc phosphide as acute poison. This research was designed using block randomized experimental design to treat of baits (banana fruit, jackfruit, and cassava) and treatment villages (Puuek and Jambo Dalam in Peulimbang District; Blang Beururu and Ara Bungong in Peudada District). Data were analyzed using Minitab v. 16 for windows 8, then analyzed using the Tukey test at a level of α=5%. Consumption of wild boar in Blang Beururu Village was the lowest and significantly different from the other three villages. Bait preference trial showed that wild boar consumed more cassava in Peulimbang and more jackfruit in Peudada. Jackfruit, cassava, and banana baits were consumed in the same amount. Therefore, we used cassava for the subsequent trial. Wild boar consumed poison bait and hooked bait in Peudada higher than in Peulimbang. Poison bait, hook bait, and control were consumed simultaneously at the same amount. Wild boar was caught by snare trap more in Peulimbang than in Peudada.
Detection and identification of viruses associated to mealybug wilt pineapple in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Valentino H , Damayanti T A , Nurulita S , Kurniawati F , Sartiami D , Harahap I S , Mubin N , Basuki M , Ratdiana  , Aziz R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pineapple is one of the essential export commodities in Indonesia. However, its production is constrained by pathogen infections, including viruses. Recently, a field surveyed at a pineapple production area in Blitar regency found virus-like symptoms such as leaf reddish intermingle with chlorosis and necrotic leaf tips with incidence up to 50% on clone 7350. However, until present, the genetic identity of causal viruses has been limitedly available in Indonesia. The study aimed to detect and identify the virus species associated with mealybug wilt pineapple (MWP) in Blitar regency. Total RNA was extracted and detected by one-step RT-PCR using a universal primer of Ampelovirus, a specific primer of pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus (PMWaV) 1 and 2, and confirmed by DNA sequencing. The PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 were successfully amplified by specific primers, while by Ampelovirus universal primers negatively amplified any DNA. It confirmed that the causal virus is associated with corresponding symptoms only by PMWaV-1 and -2 on clone 7350. Based on partial sequences of the HSP70 gene confirmed the existence of both species. The identity of PMWaV-1 Blitar isolates showed the highest similarity of nucleotide and amino acid to isolates from Taiwan, Mexico, and Ghana. The PMWaV-2 Blitar isolates showed the highest similarity to isolates from Taiwan, Mauritius, Cuba, and Ghana. The highly incidence of MWP suggests that cultivating virus-free vegetative propagation will become the best strategy to manage the viruses in the fields.
Effect of installation time and mesh size of fruit wrapping to scab symptoms on Cavendish banana
Authors: Kristiyani K A , Nurulalia L , Maryana N 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Cavendish is a popular banana cultivar in Indonesia. The cultivation is often disturbed by pests and diseases. Nacoleia octasema is a pest that causes scab symptoms on bananas. One of the methods to prevent scab symptoms is fruit wrapping. This research aimed to study the effect of installation time and mesh size of fruit wrapping on the damage level of the N. octasema attack and determine the right combination of installation time and mesh size to prevent N. octasema attacks on Cavendish. There were nine combination treatments of the fruit wrapping. The damage level of N. octasema was obtained by calculating the fruit attacked to the total number of bananas in one bunch. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the ScootKnott Test (α=0.05) in RStudio. The lowest average damage level was found in the combination of wrapping treatments when the new banana heart appeared with ten mesh wrappers (A1B2). Meanwhile, the highest was in the combination of wrapping treatments at the first banana heart blooms with five mesh wrappers (A3B3). Results showed that 0–7 days after anthesis (A1) is the best time to wrap the fruits, while 18 mesh (B1) is the best size for fruit wrappers.
Review of species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat P , Adilah N B , Maryana N , Suputa  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Fruit flies are one of the most important pests in horticulture worldwide. As one of the mega biodiversity countries, Indonesia is home to a high biodiversity of insects, including fruit flies. The information on species, host plants, and distribution of fruit flies is crucial. Still, that kind of information in Indonesia is not easy to be found and is scattered in many forms of publications such as books, journals, research reports, etc. This review aimed to gather and analyze various information on fruit flies reported in all islands across Indonesia. The study was done by collecting data from various resources, analyzing the information, and interpreting the results. There are 280 fruit fly species consisting of 29 reported from all islands in Indonesia. Most of the fruit flies reported in Indonesia were polyphagous. As many as 145 species from 50 families of plants were reported as the hosts of fruit flies, and most (70%) are horticultural plants. The highest number of species was recorded in Java, Sulawesi, and Sumatra islands. This review provides one-stop essential information on fruit flies in Indonesia, which is very useful for biologists, entomologists, as well as practitioners of plant protection.
Effectiveness of Homemade Repellents and Spray Timing in Controlling Insect Pest in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Chinese Mustard (Brassica rapa var. Parachinensis)
Authors: Norida M , Yahya S S , Ghazali F 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Pest is primary main destructive agents in fruits and vegetable production that impact the quality and its production. Insect pests are the most ruinous agents that attack vegetable plants. Use of chemical pesticides has become extensive to reduce the losses. However, synthetic pesticides can have adverse effects on the environment and human if applied without proper training in pesticide application. One of the alternative ways to control pests that are environmentally safe and cost effective is by using natural repellents. However, there are little study conducted on the application method regarding the effectiveness of the natural repellent in controlling pest. Hence, the present experiment was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neem fermentation and the combination solution of garlic, chili and ginger and its spray timing in controlling pest on Abelmoschus esculentus and Brassica rapa. There are two different application times, which are early morning 8-9 a.m. and the late evening which is between 6-7 p.m. The parameters collected were severity of pest infestation, number of pests infected in each treatment, and the yield of okra and mustard. Data were analysed using ANOVA and mean comparison using LSD. The result show that for both okra and mustard treated with neem can control insect attacks most effectively, followed by mixture of chili, garlic, and ginger. Between application times of natural plant repellent, spraying in late evening showed the most efficient in controlling pest attack, compared to spray in the early morning.
The sublethal doses effect on controlling of the nettle caterpillar Setothosea asigna (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) on oil palm plantation
Authors: Rozziansha T A P , Lubis Ardi Juliansyah Putra , Fitria  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The nettle caterpillar, Setothosea asigna, is a major pest in an oil palm plantation in North Sumatra, which causes severe defoliation and reduces productivity. Controlling this pest commonly uses Pyrethroids insecticides, but dimehypo was also used when controlling bagworms and nettle caterpillars in the exact location. The sublethal doses were reported to decrease pest mortality. The study aimed to determine the effect of dimehypo sublethal doses on mortality and pupae acceleration of Setothosea asigna. This study used five doses of treatments using the fogging technique, i.e., 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ml/ha, and untreated were tested following a completely randomized design (CRD) with five replications. The results showed that the sublethal doses (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml/ha) had low mortality reached 58.33-62.50%, and the efficacy value reached 52.38-57.14% in seven days after application. The lethal dose (250 ml/ha) has 100% mortality seven days after application, and the efficacy value reaches 80.95% in five days. The sublethal doses of 50, 100, and 150 ml/ha showed an acceleration in the Setothosea asigna pupation on three days and doses of 200 ml/ha on five days from the untreated treatment. This founding could be the reason for Setothosea asigna’s overlapping populations and prolonged the pest outbreak.
The abundance of gall fly Cecidochares connexa as biocontrol agent of Chromolaena odorata in several habitat types
Authors: Pradana M G , Aulia M I , Rozziansha T A P , Nasution U , Asmanizar A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Chromolaena odorata is one of the weeds which cause a problem in agricultural land, plantations and livestock. Chemical control is considered incapable of controlling the weeds because the sprayed C. odorata stems are still challenging to eradicate. The introduction of the gall fly Cecidochares connexa (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Colombia as a biological control agent was released in 1993 at North Sumatra. This study aimed to know the population level of C. connexa at three different habitats i.e oil palm plantation, agriculture, and urban area. The field study was done by collecting C. odorata for each location then collected weeds observed at laboratory. The data observation were a number of C. odotara, percentage of infected weed and percentage of the adult emerge. The results showed that the oil palm area had the highest number of C. odorata weeds and C. connexa adults compared to agricultural and urban area. Contrastingly, the agricultural area showed the lowest number of the gall fly. There were two parasitoids found in this study, Braconidae sp.1 and Ormyridae sp.1.
Chitosan-based fruit coating as postharvest treatments on two pineapples (Ananas comosus L. Merr) clones
Authors: Fahmi P M , Widodo S E , Karyanto A , Waluyo S 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Production of fresh pineapple fruit is dominated by the MD2 clone, while the GP3 clone is used as canned fruit. To be promoted as fresh fruit, the GP3 has some defects, namely a less sweet taste and sensitivity to internal browning (IB) disorders. The clones need fruit coatings, and the two might get responded differently. This study aimed to study the effects of chitosan-based fruit coating mixed with palm stearin and Aloe vera gel on the fruit qualities of the two clones, as well as to seek the potential of the GP3 clone as a fresh fruit. The study used 2 x 4 factorials. The first factor was two clones (GP3 and MD2). The second factor was fruit coatings (control, chitosan, palm stearin + chitosan, and Aloe vera gel + chitosan). The fruits were stored at 7 °C. The results showed that the GP3 started to show the incidence of IB disorders on the 21st day, 2 weeks earlier than the MD2. The MD2 showed a °Brix of 16.82% and vitamin C of 391.45 mg/L, which were significantly higher than the GP3. Meanwhile, the GP3 showed 0.60% acidity, which was significantly higher than the MD2. These indicated that the GP3 should not be used for fresh fruit consumption, mainly because of its sensitivity to IB and lower sweetness compared to the MD2 clone. The chitosan treatment, which was added with Aloe vera or palm stearin, showed a higher vitamin C value than the other treatments.
Can boron application increase the starch content in cassava roots?
Authors: Hadi M S , Hidayat R , Setiawan K , Sarno  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Boron is one of the essential micronutrients that is important for cassava growth, one of which is in the formation of starch, but research on the effect of boron on cassava plants is still rarely reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to know the effect of boron application on cassava starch content. The experiment was conducted in Tanjung Bintang District, South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province from February to December 2020. Waxy clone cassava was used as planting material and 45% boric acid fertilizer as treatment material. There were five boron treatments (B0 (0 kg boron ha-1), B1 (0.31 kg boron ha−1), B2 (0.63 kg boron ha−1), B3 (0.94 kg boron ha−1), and B4 (1.26 kg boron ha−1)) applied to waxy clone cassava. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with 3 replicates. The results showed that treatment B2 showed the average weight of cassava roots is 2.15 kg/plant and starch content is 23.83%. Treatment B2 also showed the highest mean of those two variables compared to other treatments.
Detection of early harvest cassava clone through plant height development and starch content in dry land of Lampung
Authors: Ardian  , Setiawan K , Noerwijati K , Utomo S D , Yelli F , Syaifudin A , Sungkono  
Published: July 2023

AbstractLampung is one the biggest areas for planting cassava in Indonesia, approximately 119 thousand ha with a productivity of 26 tons/ha. Optimum harvest time for cassava high yield could be 10-12 months after planting (MAP). However, most farmers used to harvest cassava around 7 MAP leading to low yield. This condition needs to introduce early age of harvest cassava to achieve the alternative solution. The objective of this study were to evaluate the growth characteristics of early cassava harvest for high yield. Treatment were arranged by a single factor in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Factors were 12 cassava clones as CMR 51-61-1, CMR 51-48-17, CMR 51-48-16, UJ-3, UJ-5, Vamas, Adira, CMR 51-07-03, OMM 0806-57, CMR 51-06-16, MC 6.10.311, and Litbang UK2. In this study, the variables measured included plant height, root fresh weight, starch content, and starch yield. Result indicated that the Vamas clone had relatively low plant height. At 7 MAP, the Vamas clone showed high starch content compared to the UJ-3 clone. Low plant height and starch content could be used to detect early-harvest cassava clones at harvest of 7 MAP.
Heterosis analysis of F1 progenies derived from IS21 × MR220CL2 and IS21 × UKMRC16 crossing combinations
Authors: Ahmad F , Hisham S N , Yusof S N , Ahmad M S , Hasan N A , Hassan A A , Sukiran N L , Bhuiyan A R , Hussein S , Harun A R , Shamsudin N A A 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
A new high-yielding mutant rice cultivar, IS21, has been released by the Malaysian Nuclear Agency (MNA) in 2021. This cultivar matures in 105-108 days after transplanting. Since there is a need to reduce days to maturity (DTM) in most Malaysian rice mega-varieties to minimise the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses, crossing IS21 with early maturing rice genotypes could be an efficient strategy to address these issues. Preliminary screening has successfully identified two early maturing and shorter plant statue rice genotypes, MR220CL2 and UKMRC16. Therefore, these rice genotypes were crossed to IS21 to generate two F1 populations. These F1 populations (IS21 × MR220CL2 and IS21 × UKMRC16) were planted in the MNA glasshouse with parental lines from December 2021 to March 2022. The agro-morphological data for F1 populations and parental lines were recorded and analysed using the RStudio software package. The putative F1 progenies were confirmed using two polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) SSR markers, RM628 and RM140. About 75% of the putative F1 are F1 hybrids. IS21 × MR220CL2 F1 progenies showed better morpho-agronomical performances compared to IS21 × UKMRC16 F1 progenies. This crossing combination also had positive mid-parents and better parent heterosis values of all evaluated traits except for thousand-grain weight, days to flowering and DTM. This study suggested the potential use of IS21 x MR220CL2 F1 progenies for rice breeding programmes with high-yielding and early maturity traits.
Correlation of Hg-N on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with Sub-Bituminous coal and activation of Sub-Bituminous coal–NaOH
Authors: Maulana A , Harianti M , Prasetyo T B , Herviyanti  
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Mercury (Hg) contamination has become a serious threat to ecosystems. Amelioration technology for soil is expected to control the specific interactions between N in ex-gold mining soil contaminated with Hg. This research aimed to analyze the interaction of Hg-N on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with sub-bituminous coal and the activation of sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH. The experimental design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The treatment I (Sub-bituminous coal) and II [activation of Sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH) was implemented in the pot with equivalent doses, respectively: (A) 0 [0g 100g-1 soil], (B) 10 [0.5g 100g-1 soil], (C) 20 [1g 100g-1 soil], (D) 30 [1.5g 100g-1 soil], and (E) 40 t ha-1 [2.0g 100g-1 soil]. The correlation between total Hg with total Nl on ex-gold mining soil ameliorated with sub-bituminous coal [r = -0.889** or Hg = -9.9794 (N) + 6.9097; R2 = 0.9222] and activation of sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH [r = -0.835** or Hg = -4.3111 (N) + 6.4265; R2 = 0.8156]. Amelioration technology on ex-gold mining land with sub-bituminous coal and activation of sub-bituminous coal with 10% NaOH can reduce the total Hg by 2.50 and 2.84 mg kg-1 and also increase the total N by 0.23 % and 0.53% respectively, compared to control.
An Evaluation of Parking Facilities on Selected Shopping Complexes in Minna, Nigeria to Achieve Sustainability
Authors: Dada Abubakar Dauda , Ayuba Philip , Dachi Hassan Shedrack 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Shopping complex is a collection of spaces that offer different types of services to the public including selling and buying of daily needs. A shopping complex is expected to possess adequate parking facilities in order to ease the movement of its occupants and increase the productivity of the staff, thereby ensuring conducive shopping activities. On the other hand, the parking structures comprise one of the largest land uses in modern cities which make them functionally inefficient. Conventional parking method is one of the most difficult barriers to achieve sustainability. So, a great attention is being paid upon the creation of smaller, high-density, low-energy and more eco-friendly parking facilities. Due to the incessant growth of shopping complexes in and around Minna metropolis, there seems to be not only inadequate parking facilities around such shopping complexes. But, the facilities also follow unsustainable development approaches which results in inefficient usage and wastage of the energy. These inadequate parking facilities make users to park their vehicles indiscriminately which in turn causes discomfort and accidents while moving in and around the perimeter of the complexes. Moreover, other pressing issues include the lack of greenery and the use of non-permeable paving which resulted in unsustainable solutions in the creation of an environmental-friendly area. In this background, the current research article evaluates the parking facilities within the complexes from a sustainability point of perspective. The aim of the research is to develop practical solutions for better applications. For this purpose, the data was collected through personal observations in order to analyze the parking facilities in the shopping complexes located in the study area. The results infer that there is a lack of law enforcement by the professionals in the built environment in terms of implementing the planning standards and building laws for sustainable development. Conclusions and recommendations are made in this paper for the architect and other allied professionals to design the shopping complexes with an emphasis on parking spaces. Both design and planning of the parking spaces should be given adequate consideration by the approval body in Minna prior to the approval of any shopping complex.
A Study on Thermal and Acoustic comfort in an Institutional Building
Authors: Vidhushini R , Rajkumar Surya , Horrison Ebin 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The indoor environment in educational buildings like schools and colleges need to provide a healthy atmosphere to encourage the students towards learning and improve their productivity. In educational buildings, both thermal and acoustical comfort depend on the site and there exists a relationship among buildings, open spaces, building design with external factors and also its interior design. The aim of the current paper is to study the thermal and acoustic principles in detail and analyze the factors that impact the occupant’s health and comfort by field study method in a school building. Both thermal and acoustical factors that influence the occupants’ health and comfort are highlighted in this study and prioritized for necessary enhancements in the school building. A central board school building was identified for the study and the paper discusses about the site features and building design. For this study, the field data was recorded during 2019. Based on the data collected, analysis was conducted on the influencing factors on thermal and acoustical comfort of the school building. The methodology of the work includes an understanding about the influencing factors of thermal and acoustical comfort with documentation of the school building design, field study measurements in the identified school building and analysing the building design with field measurements on thermal and acoustical factors in school building. The field study measurements were recorded using a Thermo-anemometer and a data logger to collect the data on temperature, humidity and wind speed. Subjective analysis was conducted about comfort and noise level among the students aged between 9 and 16 using a questionnaire survey. The opportunities for improving the occupants’ well being and comfort include various measures that are listed herewith; appropriate shading of the windows that can reduce the heat transfer into the building; well-channelized air movement into the indoor environment to improve the occupants’ comfort; and replacing the paved surfaces with grasscrete or aligning the axis path with shrubs to reduce the radiation towards the indoor surfaces. On the other hand, the selection of the appropriate building materials for wall construction provides an oppurtunity to increase the indoor environmental quality. It can also act as insulation to reduce the noise level in the classrooms.