bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrusion detection system using distributed multilevel discriminator in GAN for IoT system
Authors: Poongodi M. , Hamdi Mounir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe artificial intelligence‐based Internet of vehicles (IoV) systems are highly susceptible to cyber‐attacks. To reap the benefits from IoV applications, the network must be protected against numerous security threats. Attacks that have been reported by attackers within the IoV system are found using intrusion detection systems (IDSs). Instead of relying on a centralized server, a distributed classifier is required for large‐scale networks like IoV.Datasets are kept secret because managing sensitive information is a difficult task. Due to privacy concerns, devices are not intended to share information among themselves. This paper proposes a multilevel discriminator for the distributed model of IDS with generative adversarial networks (GANs) for IoV devices. Without relying on a centralized controller, the suggested architecture leverages a multilevel distributed GAN model to identify abnormal behavior. Each IoV device in the proposed architecture communicates with its neighbors in a peer‐to‐peer fashion to monitor its data and identify both internal and external threats on other devices nearby. Additionally, the proposed design makes sure that datasets do not need to be shared with other IoV devices, ensuring the privacy of all IoV system data, including sensitive data‐like vehicular data.
Content sharing strategy for blind popularity distribution in D2D communications
Authors: Zhuang Wenqin , Song Yiming , Chen Mingkai , Chen Jianxin , Li Haibo 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe development of multimedia content continuously encourages the appearances of new multimedia applications. Meanwhile, Device to Device (D2D) is regarded as an important 5G technology that creates a direct connection between two mobile devices. We combine the content sharing traits in D2D network situations in response to the problem of massive amounts of multimedia content being distributed. As a result, in this paper, we provide a popularity‐based information mining and content placement strategy for blind popularity distribution in D2D scenarios. To analyze the cache hit performance in D2D networks under the presumption of deterministic content popularity, we first construct a D2D content caching framework. Then, we design a multiarm bandits model and suggest a single and multicache placement policy based on online learning for blind popularity in D2D networks. Finally, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves better convergence and a better cache hit ratio than the other strategies.
Polysaccharides from brown seaweed: Physicochemical properties, absorption in the intestine, and beneficial effects on intestinal barrier
Authors: Yao Wanzi , Kong Qiuhong , You Lijun , Zhong Saiyi , Hileuskaya Kseniya 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe intestinal barrier is critical in maintaining gut homeostasis and host health. The intestinal barrier dysfunction contributes to intestinal and systemic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and metabolic syndromes. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of three main kinds of brown seaweed polysaccharides (BSP), laminarin, fucoidan, and alginate, along with their absorption and metabolism in the intestine and their effects on the intestinal barrier. The physicochemical properties of BSP were closely related to their beneficial effects on intestinal health. BSP were not digested directly in the upper gastrointestinal tract but could be utilized through fermentation by the gut microbiota. BSP kept the integrity of intestinal epithelium by ameliorating intestinal oxidative stress through the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 signaling pathway. They also reduced tight junction dysfunction and intestinal permeability and increased the expression of mucins. Moreover, BSP regulated the composition and abundance of gut microbiota and promoted the production of beneficial metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids. This review will help to understand the gut health‐promoting functions of the natural compounds derived from brown seaweed and offer a new perspective on intestinal disease prevention and therapy with high effectiveness and safety.
Differential effectiveness of COVID‐19 health behaviors: The role of mental health conditions in mask‐wearing, social distancing, and hygiene practice
Authors: Zhai Yusen , Du Xue 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundMental health conditions are known to increase susceptibility to infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Health behaviors play a crucial role in mitigating this susceptibility. We aim to examine the differential effectiveness of COVID‐19 preventive health behaviors among individuals, considering the presence or absence of specific mental health disorders.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression with interaction terms was performed to examine whether associations between adherence to health behaviors and COVID‐19 infection were conditional on depression, anxiety, or eating disorders in a national sample of adults (N = 61,891) from 140 US universities, 2020–2021.ResultsAdjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and gender/sex, the effectiveness of mask‐wearing was significant and comparable among individuals with and without depression, anxiety, or eating disorders. Social distancing provided significantly less protection among individuals with depression, anxiety, or eating disorders. Hygiene practice provided significantly less protection among individuals with anxiety.ConclusionMask‐wearing is robustly effective in the prevention of COVID‐19 among individuals. However, social distancing and hygiene practice provide less significant protection among individuals with certain mental health conditions, suggesting the importance of prioritizing these individuals for additional preventive measures (e.g., vaccines targeting variants) and mitigation strategies (e.g., financial assistance, targeted mental health care, health education).
Descriptive spectrum of thiamine deficiency in pregnancy: A potentially preventable condition
Authors: Nisar Sobia , Kareem Ozaifa , Muzaffer Umar , Tanvir Masood , Ganaie Mohd. Ashraf , Ahmed Rabia Nazir 
Published: July 2023

AbstractObjectivePregnancy, a nutritionally demanding situation in terms of macro‐ and micronutrient supply owing to heightened maternal, placental, and fetal needs, significantly affects thiamine reserves. Thiamine deficiency during pregnancy and the postpartum period, presenting with varied manifestations and outcomes, is a relatively common condition in our population. The study aimed to understand the various manifestations and outcomes of acute thiamine deficiency in pregnant and postpartum women, emphasizing the significance of early recognition and thiamine therapy to prevent serious complications during pregnancy and after childbirth.MethodsThis prospective study conducted in a tertiary care center in North India enrolled consecutive pregnant and postpartum women presenting with clinical features consistent with thiamine deficiency disorders, such as thiamine deficiency‐related neuropathy, high‐output heart failure, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, Wernicke's encephalopathy, gastric beriberi, and thiamine‐responsive acute pulmonary hypertension. In addition to capturing medical history including drug intake, dietary consumption, and comorbidities, women underwent brief relevant clinical examinations and laboratory assessments, including whole‐blood thiamine levels. Response to intravenous thiamine supplementation was also monitored.ResultsData of 31 women (12 pregnant, 19 postpartum) with a diagnosis of acute thiamine deficiency and a mean age of 28.88 ± 2.69 years were analyzed. The mean thiamine level was 1.28 ± 0.44 μg/dL with mean blood lactate of 3.46 ± 3.33. The most common presentation was gastric beriberi (n = 10), followed by paraparesis (n = 6), high‐output heart failure (n = 6), acute pulmonary hypertension, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (n = 3 each), and an acute confusional state (n = 2). All patients responded to thiamine challenge.ConclusionIn the context of borderline thiamine status, particularly in our population with endemic thiamine deficiency and heightened demand for thiamine during pregnancy and the peripartum period, the deficiency can have varied and serious manifestations of dry and wet beriberi. Early recognition of the clinical features and thiamine therapy can be life‐saving. There is a need for validated clinical criteria owing to the non‐availability of thiamine testing in resource‐limited settings.
Effect of renal tubular damage on non‐cancer mortality in the general Japanese population living in cadmium non‐polluted areas
Authors: Sakuma Sayaka , Nogawa Kazuhiro , Watanabe Yuuka , Sakurai Masaru , Nishijo Muneko , Ishizaki Masao , Morikawa Yuko , Kido Teruhiko , Nakagawa Hideaki , Suwazono Yasushi 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify the cause‐effect relationship between renal tubular damage and non‐cancer mortality in the general Japanese population. We conducted a 19‐year cohort study including 1110 men and 1,03 women who lived in three cadmium‐non‐polluted areas in 1993 or 1994. Mortality risk ratios based on urinary β2‐microglobulin (β2MG) and N‐acetyl‐β‐glucosaminidase (NAG) concentrations were estimated for specific non‐cancer diseases using the Fine and Gray competing risks regression model. In men, continuous urinary NAG (+1 μg/g cre) concentrations were significantly correlated with increased mortality caused by diseases of the respiratory system (hazard ratio (HR): 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.15). Urinary β2MG (+100 μg/g cre) concentrations were significantly correlated with increased mortalities caused by kidney and urinary tract diseases (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), renal diseases (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), renal failure (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), and external causes of mortality (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02). In women, urinary NAG (+1 μg/g cre) concentrations were significantly associated with increased mortality caused by ischemic heart diseases (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04) and kidney and urinary tract diseases (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.04). Urinary β2MG (+100 μg/g cre) concentrations were significantly correlated with increased mortality caused by cardiovascular diseases (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02), ischemic heart diseases (HR: 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02), and kidney and urinary tract diseases (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01–1.03). The present study indicates that renal tubular damage was significantly related to several non‐cancer disease causes of mortality in Japan's general population living in cadmium‐non‐polluted areas.
Association Between Sarcopenia and Fracture Risk in a Population From the UK Biobank Database
Authors: Jauffret Charlotte , Périchon Renaud , Lamer Antoine , Cortet Bernard , Chazard Emmanuel , Paccou Julien 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Studies on the fracture risk in presarcopenic and sarcopenic patients report contradictory results. The objective was to assess whether presarcopenia and sarcopenia are associated with an increase in fracture risk. We conducted a retrospective study using the UK Biobank cohort and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Muscle strength was evaluated using hand-grip strength (HGS) and muscle mass using the skeletal muscle index (SMI; from bioimpedance analysis). Presarcopenia was defined through the two definitions available in the literature, as low HGS with normal SMI and as normal HGS with low SMI, and sarcopenia as low HGS and low SMI. Fracture events were recorded as “fracture” (location compatible with an osteoporotic origin) and “major osteoporotic fracture” (MOF), as listed in the FRAX tool. Associations were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for sarcopenia and osteoporosis risk factors. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRa) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. A total of 387,025 participants (women 54.4%; median age 58.0 years; interquartile range [IQR] 51.0–63.0 years) were included. At baseline, there were 18,257 (4.7%) presarcopenic participants—subgroup 1 (low HGS only), 7940 (2.1%) presarcopenic participants—subgroup 2 (low SMI only), and 1124 (0.3%) sarcopenic participants. Over a median follow-up of 12.0 years (IQR 11.4–12.6 years), 18,300 (4.7%) participants were diagnosed with at least one incident fracture. Presarcopenic (subgroups 1 and 2) and sarcopenic status were significantly associated with a higher risk of fracture (respectively adjusted HRs: HR = 1.26 [1.19–1.33], HR = 1.20 [1.11–1.30], HR = 1.30 [1.08–1.56]) and with a higher risk of MOF (respectively adjusted HRs: HR = 1.30 [1.21–1.40], HR = 1.19 [1.08–1.72], HR = 1.18 [0.93–1.49]). In a middle-aged population, the fracture and MOF risks were higher in both presarcopenic and sarcopenic participants compared with nonsarcopenic participants. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
University students' psychological distress during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A structural equation model of the role of resource loss and gain
Authors: Kelada Lauren , Schiff Miriam , Gilbar Ohad , Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth , Benbenishty Rami 
Published: July 2023

AbstractUsing the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, we aimed to determine whether university students' loss and gain in resources during the pandemic mediated the relationships between COVID‐19 exposure/concern and depression and anxiety. In 2021, 7013 Israeli university students completed online questionnaires. We assessed the data using structural equation modeling. We found that resource loss was directly related to concern (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Depression and anxiety were both directly related to loss of resources (depression: β = 0.75, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.69, p < 0.001) and concern (depression: β = 0.06, p < 0.001; anxiety: β = 0.12, p < 0.001). Resource loss had an indirect effect on the relationships between concern and depression (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) and concern and anxiety (β = 0.22, p < 0.001). COR theory may help explain the mechanisms behind university students' mental health during the pandemic and provides a framework to better understand preparedness for future pandemics, epidemics, and major disasters. Governments and universities should help prevent the loss of resources during future emergencies.
SGLT2 Inhibitors’ Cardiovascular Benefits in Individuals Without Diabetes, Heart Failure, and/or Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khiali Sajad , Taban‐Sadeghi Mohammadreza , Sarbakhsh Parvin , Khezerlouy‐Aghdam Naser , Rezagholizadeh Afra , Asham Hila , Entezari‐Maleki Taher 
Published: July 2023

AbstractDespite the growing body of evidence regarding the beneficial cardiovascular effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, clinical data in individuals without diabetes, heart failure (HF), and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is limited. A systematic review of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, from database inception until May 4, 2023, to explore new evidence of SGLT2 inhibitors’ cardiovascular benefits in individuals without diabetes, HF, and/or CKD. A total of 1156 individuals from 14 studies (13 randomized controlled trials and 1 nonrandomized study) were included. The results showed the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors on blood pressure, weight, and body mass index in this population with an acceptable safety profile. The current evidence supports the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors as primary prevention in individuals without diabetes, HF, and/or CKD. This review may shed light on the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in conditions such as stage A HF and metabolic syndrome. The literature trend is going toward uncovering SGLT2 inhibitors’ role in stage B HF, different types of myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Crop production in northwestern Ethiopian highlands under changing climate
Authors: Misganaw Abebe , Addisu Solomon , Alemayhu Getachew , Kesete Nega , Khan Haroon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate change is the most serious threat to agricultural productivity. Ethiopia's agricultural sector is affected by climate change. The northern part of Ethiopia is among the drought prone and topographically diversified areas. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of climate change on crop yields, assess the pattern of rainfall maximum and lowest temperatures and assess the trajectory of selected crop yields. Historical weather station and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) power data were collected from 1981 to 2020. The Mann–Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen's slope (SS) method estimator were employed to estimate the trends and the direction of the trend. RClimDex package is used for climate extreme analysis. Nine rainfall and 11 temperature indices from a list of 27 extreme rainfall and temperature indices were used. The study found that the rainfall showed a significant decreasing and insignificant decreasing trend in Farta and Yilmana Densa districts, respectively. Maximum and minimum temperatures in both sites showed increasing trends. Rainfall happenings become more unanticipated, owing to the precipitation concentration index and anomaly trends. The majority of the indicators for extreme rainfall at both sites showed a downward trend. With the exception of the duration of cold spells, the annual lowest value of the daily minimum temperature, cold days and cold nights, the majority of the extreme temperature indices at both sites showed an increasing trend. The principal crop yields were connected with rainfall and temperature fluctuation, according to Pearson's product–moment correlation results, although the effects varied by crop and region. In summary, rising temperatures and decreasing precipitation may have a negative influence on agricultural activities, especially crop productivity.
Identification of traits underpinning good breadmaking performance of wheat grown with reduced nitrogen fertilisation
Authors: Shewry Peter R. , Wood Abigail J. , Hassall Kirsty L. , Pellny Till K. , Riche Andrew , Hussain Abrar , Shi Zhiqiang , Mosleth Ellen F. , Charlton Mark , Poole Mervin , Jones Stuart , Newton Keith , Penson Simon , Tucker Gary , Griffiths Simon , Hawkesford Malcolm J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundNitrogen fertiliser is the major input and cost for wheat production, being required to support the development of the canopy to maximise yield and for the synthesis of the gluten proteins that are necessary for breadmaking. Consequently, current high‐yielding cultivars require the use of nitrogen fertilisation levels above the yield optimum to achieve the grain protein content needed for breadmaking. This study aimed to reduce this requirement by identifying traits that allow the use of lower levels of nitrogen fertiliser to produce wheat for breadmaking.ResultsA range of commercial wheat genotypes (cultivars) were grown in multiple field trials (six sites over 3 years) in the UK with optimal (200 kg Ha‐1) and suboptimal (150 kg Ha‐1) application of nitrogen. Bulked grain samples from four sites per year were milled and white flours were baked using three types of breadmaking process. This identified five cultivars that consistently exhibited good breadmaking quality when grown with the lower nitrogen application. Chemical and biochemical analyses showed that the five cultivars were characterised by exhibiting grain protein deviation (GPD) and high dough elasticity.ConclusionsIt is possible to develop novel types of wheat that exhibit good breadmaking quality by selecting for GPD and high dough strength. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Is REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Changing? Secular Changes Versus Referral Patterns
Authors: Joza Stephen , Iranzo Alex , Stefani Ambra , Pelletier Amelie , Serradell Monica , Muñoz‐Lopetegi Amaia , Ibrahim Abubaker , Holzknecht Evi , Montplaisir Jacques Y. , Mayà Gerard , Santamaria Joan , Gaig Carles , Bergmann Melanie , Brandauer Elisabeth , Högl Birgit , Gagnon Jean‐François , Postuma Ronald B. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundSince 2014, there has been increasing public outreach effort regarding isolated/idiopathic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) in Montreal.ObjectiveTo assess if, over time, milder iRBD cases are presenting earlier.MethodsDisease‐free survival was compared in two iRBD recruitment epochs: 2004 to 2013 (“earlier”) versus 2014to 2022 (“later”) and by referral type (“self‐referral” vs. “conventional‐referral”) in three large centers.ResultsIn Montreal, among 209 subjects followed prospectively, shorter time to phenoconversion was observed in the earlier epoch (5‐year phenoconversion = 42% earlier vs. 23% later); diagnosis before 2014 had a 1.8‐fold phenoconversion hazard. However, no difference was observed in 248 subjects from Barcelona and 166 from Innsbruck. Analysis of Montreal data found that increased survival in the later epoch was driven by an increasing number of self‐referrals, who phenoconverted at 1/3 the rate of physician‐referred subjects.ConclusionsIncreased patient awareness of iRBD results in earlier presentation to clinical attention, with a longer time to phenoconversion.
Relational values of nature in empirical research: A systematic review
Authors: Pratson Daniel F. , Adams Nick , Gould Rachelle K. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

In the past 5 years, scholarly and policy attention to relational values, a concept that articulates plural values of nature, has grown steadily. To date, there are no published syntheses of empirical research that explicitly addresses relational values.

We perform a systematic literature review of n = 72 empirical studies of relational values to summarize the state of current research and to identify opportunities for future research and conceptual development. In our analysis, we categorize what authors identify as relational values and summarize study characteristics (e.g. study location, methods approach).

Authors collectively report n = 312 unique relational values. Categories of identity, social cohesion, livelihoods, connection to place/human–nature connection and sacred are most common.

Scholarship that explicitly addresses relational values has increased since 2017 and exhibits substantial diversity: in how relational values are conceptualized (or not); in disciplinary associations; in geographical location and in data collection methods.

We find that most empirical research on relational values does not justify how its results reflect characteristics that establish the relational values concept as unique from other environmental values concepts. As a result, diverse interpretations of the relational values concept pose the risk of the relational values concept being so broad and inclusive that it becomes meaningless, or at least meaning‐light.

Policy implications. Understanding why and how nature matters to people is critical to inform effective and just conservation. Relational values can offer nuanced perspectives on the significance associated with people–nature relationships. We argue that empirical relational values research that grounds itself in the concept's ‘core’ characteristics can foster conceptual coherence and bolster the relevance of research findings to sustainability and conservation science.

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