bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic skyrmions: materials, manipulation, detection, and applications in spintronic devices
Authors: Zhang Huai , Zhang Yajiu , Hou Zhipeng , Qin Minghui , Gao Xingsen , Liu Junming 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are vortex-like spin configurations that possess nanometric dimensions, topological stability, and high controllability through various external stimuli. Since their first experimental observation in helimagnet MnSi in 2009, magnetic skyrmions have emerged as a highly promising candidate for carrying information in future high-performance, low-energy-consumption, non-volatile information storage, and logical calculation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the progress made in the field of magnetic skyrmions, specifically in materials, manipulation, detection, and application in spintronic devices. Firstly, we introduce several representative skyrmion material systems, including chiral magnets, magnetic thin films, centrosymmetric materials, and Van der Waals materials. We then discuss various methods for manipulating magnetic skyrmions, such as electric current and electric field, as well as detecting them, mainly through electrical means such as the magnetoresistance effect. Furthermore, we explore device applications based on magnetic skyrmions, such as track memory, logic computing, and neuromorphic devices. Finally, we summarize the challenges faced in skyrmion research and provide future perspectives.
Effects of anti-osteoporosis therapy on the risk of secondary fractures and surgical complications following surgical fixation of proximal humerus fracture in older people
Authors: Katthagen Jan Christoph , Koeppe Jeanette , Stolberg-Stolberg Josef , Rischen Robert , Freistuehler Moritz , Faldum Andreas , Raschke Michael J 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
age-related fragility fractures cause significant burden of disease. Within an ageing society, fracture and complication prevention will be essential to balance health expenditure growth.

Objective
to assess the effect of anti-osteoporotic therapy on surgical complications and secondary fractures after treatment of fragility fractures.

Patients and methods
retrospective health insurance data from January 2008 to December 2019 of patients ≥65 years with proximal humeral fracture (PHF) treated using locked plate fixation (LPF) or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty were analysed. Cumulative incidences were calculated by Aalen–Johansen estimates. The influence of osteoporosis and pharmaceutical therapy on secondary fractures and surgical complications were analysed using multivariable Fine and Gray Cox regression models.

Results
a total of 43,310 patients (median age 79 years, 84.4% female) with a median follow-up of 40.9 months were included. Five years after PHF, 33.4% of the patients were newly diagnosed with osteoporosis and only 19.8% received anti-osteoporotic therapy. A total of 20.6% (20.1–21.1%) of the patients had at least one secondary fracture with a significant reduction of secondary fracture risk by anti-osteoporotic therapy (P &lt; 0.001). An increased risk for surgical complications (hazard ratio: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–1.47, P &lt; 0.001) after LPF could be reversed by anti-osteoporotic therapy. While anti-osteoporotic therapy was more often used in female patients (35.3 vs 19.1%), male patients showed significantly stronger effects reducing the secondary fracture and surgical complication risk.

Conclusions
a significant number of secondary fractures and surgical complications could be prevented by consequent osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment particularly in male patients. Health-politics and legislation must enforce guideline-based anti-osteoporotic therapy to mitigate burden of disease.
African History and Meleko Mokgosi: Your Trip to Africa
Authors: Mutongi Kenda , de Gooyer Alan 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article argues that the group of paintings entitled Your Trip to Africa, by US-based Botswanan visual artist Meleko Mokgosi, advocate for a clearer, more realistic encounter with Africa and its people. The paintings, motivated by Peter Kubelka’s 1966 experimental film documenting a hunting party in Sudan (Our Trip to Africa), admonish the viewer to pay attention not just to what they see but to how they see. This admonition is an important reminder for African historians as well. We should beware of the pitfalls of writing the history of Africa through a racialized discourse, fashioned in the West, that ignores or distorts experiences and subjectivities of the dark-skinned Africans that, necessarily, precede any racialized discourse. Just as important, Mokgosi reminds us that in representing African history we should be wary of essentializing or aestheticizing Africans to confirm our preconceived notions of their lives and histories: Africans should not be made instruments to serve historical narratives that reinforce our own ways of looking. Ultimately, Mokgosi’s paintings remind us of the artifice underlying any effort to portray the reality of Africans, and their history.
Successful management of suspected propofol dependence with phenobarbital in an adult patient with COVID-19
Authors: Feeney Megan E , Steiling Katrina 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Purpose
In critically ill patients, high sedation requirements for prolonged durations are often needed to achieve ventilator synchrony, a practice that was particularly common during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We report the successful use of phenobarbital to facilitate propofol weaning after prolonged medication exposure.

Summary
A 64-year-old male with hypertension was admitted for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient received high doses of fentanyl and propofol with periods of concomitant midazolam and dexmedetomidine throughout his prolonged time on mechanical ventilation. Total days of exposure were 19 for fentanyl, 17 for propofol, 12 for midazolam, and 15 for dexmedetomidine. Upon improvement in lung function, attempts to wean the patient from propofol all failed due to symptoms such as tachypnea, tachycardia, and hypertension, with symptom resolution only upon return to the previous dose. Phenobarbital was trialed for possible propofol withdrawal syndrome, allowing for a dose reduction of 10 μg/kg/min within 2 hours of the first dose without any corresponding symptoms. The patient continued to receive intermittent doses of phenobarbital for another 36 hours until propofol was discontinued. He underwent tracheostomy shortly after weaning off all sedation and was discharged to rehab 34 days after his initial admission.

Conclusion
Information concerning propofol withdrawal syndrome in the literature is limited. Our experience demonstrates the successful use of phenobarbital to facilitate propofol weaning after prolonged exposure.
Illegal Market Governance and Organized Crime Groups’ Resilience: A Study of The Sinaloa Cartel
Authors: Pereda Valentin , Décary-Hetu David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Since its emergence in the early 1990s, the Sinaloa Cartel has effectively surmounted all challenges to its existence, while, simultaneously, successfully developing its illegal ventures in Mexico and beyond. Based on evidence from the accounts of witnesses who testified in the prosecution of Joaquin Guzmán Loera (also known as El Chapo), one of the Sinaloa Cartel’s most prominent figures, we argue that this OCG’s resilience partially derives from the illegal governance practices it has implemented in the criminal markets in which it operates. In particular, we contend that the Sinaloa Cartel’s reliance on four types of illegal governance have been pivotal in promoting its capacity to weather adversity, namely: (1) judicial, (2) financial, (3) political and (4) regulatory governance.
The Mortality of Infective endocarditis with and without Surgery in Elderly (MoISE) Study
Authors: Hémar Victor , Camou Fabrice , Roubaud-Baudron Claire , Ternacle Julien , Pernot Mathieu , Greib Carine , Dijos Marina , Wirth Gaetane , Chaussade Hélène , Peuchant Olivia , Bonnet Fabrice , Issa Nahéma ,   the MoISE Study Group, Tlili G , Ngo Bell C , Barret A , Videcoq M , Alexandrino C , Vareil M O , Wille H , André K , Nyamankolly E , Girard D , Ducours M , Caubet O , Ferrand H , Lacassin F , Picard W , Pavin C , Castan B , Aguilar C 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Infective endocarditis (IE) is increasingly affecting older patients. However, data on their management are sparse, and the benefits of surgery in this population are unclear.

Methods
We included patients with left-sided IE (LSIE) aged ≥ 80 years enrolled in a prospective endocarditis cohort managed in Aquitaine, France, from 2013 to 2020. Geriatric data were collected retrospectively to identify factors associated with the 1-year risk of death using Cox regression.

Results
We included 163 patients with LSIE (median age, 84 years; men, 59%; rate of prosthetic LSIE, 45%). Of the 105 (64%) patients with potential surgical indications, 38 (36%) underwent valve surgery: they were younger, more likely to be men with aortic involvement, and had a lower Charlson comorbidity index. Moreover, they had better functional status at admission (ie, the ability to walk unassisted and a higher median activities of daily living [ADL] score; n = 5/6 vs 3/6, P = .01). The 1-year mortality rate in LSIE patients without surgical indications was 28%; it was lower in those who were operated on compared with those who were not despite a surgical indication (16% vs 66%, P &lt; .001). Impaired functional status at admission was strongly associated with mortality regardless of surgical status. In patients unable to walk unassisted or with an ADL score &lt;4, there was no significant surgical benefit for 1-year mortality.

Conclusions
Surgery improves the prognosis of older patients with LSIE and good functional status. Surgical futility should be discussed in patients with altered autonomy. The endocarditis team should include a geriatric specialist.
Prior cancer history and suitability for kidney transplantation
Authors: Wong Germaine , Lim Wai H 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for most patients with kidney failure. For patients with a prior history of treated cancers, listing and transplant eligibility decisions are complex. Patients and health professionals are obliged to consider the time-periods between cancer cure and transplantation, the risk of cancer recurrence under the influence of immunosuppression and anti-cancer treatment options if the disease recurs. Cancer recurrence is associated with a high mortality rate, thus potentially reduces the projected survival benefit of transplantation, and dampens the utility of scarce organs. In view of the uncertain risk of harms, clinicians may consider transplantation for candidates with prior cancer history only after an extended period of cancer-free interval, as the fear of disease recurrence and shortened life expectancy may outweigh the benefits of receiving a kidney transplant compared with dialysis. Over the past decade, the evolution of novel anti-cancer therapies coupled with improved understanding of cancer genomics have led to considerable improvement in cancer-free survival. It is therefore justifiable to make individualized transplant suitability decisions based the joint effects of cancer biology, available therapeutic options and prognostic covariates on clinical outcomes. In this review, we first summarized the cancer epidemiology in kidney transplant recipients. We then explored how the probability of cancer cure, risk of recurrence and outcomes in candidates with a prior cancer history may influence the decisions to transplant. Finally, the role of shared decision-making between health professionals and patients regarding the optimal management options, and considerations of patients’ preferences and values are discussed.
Case report: successful termination of ventricular tachycardia by intrinsic anti-tachycardia pacing beyond conventional anti-tachycardia pacing
Authors: Kazawa Shuichiro , Satomi Kazuhiro , Murakami Hidetaka , Tanaka Nobuhiro 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background
Anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) is a pain-free alternative to defibrillation shock for monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Intrinsic ATP (iATP) is a novel algorithm of auto-programmed ATP. However, the advantage of iATP over conventional ATP in clinical cases is still unknown.

Case summary
A 49-year-old man with no significant past medical history was transferred to our institution with sudden-onset fatigue from working on a farm. A 12-lead electrocardiogram showed monomorphic sustained wide QRS tachycardia with a right bundle branch block pattern and superior axis deviation with a cycle length (CL) of 300 ms. Sustained monomorphic VT originating from the left ventricle due to underlying vasospastic angina was diagnosed by contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, coronary angiography, and the acetylcholine stress test, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation was performed. Nine months later, a clinical VT episode with a CL of 300 ms was observed, which could not be terminated by three sequences of conventional burst pacing. Ventricular tachycardia was finally terminated by a third iATP sequence without any acceleration.

Discussion
Although standard burst pacing by conventional ATP reached the VT circuit, it failed to terminate the VT. Using the post-pacing interval, iATP automatically calculated the appropriate number of S1 pulses required to reach the VT circuit. In iATP, the S2 pulses are delivered with a calculated coupling interval based on the estimated effective refractory period during tachycardia. In this case, iATP might have led to less aggressive S1 stimulation, followed by aggressive S2 stimulation, which probably helped terminate the VT without any acceleration.
Stable Randomisation
Authors: Agranov Marina , Healy Paul J , Nielsen Kirby 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe design a laboratory experiment to identify whether a preference for randomisation defines a stable type across different choice environments. In games and individual decisions, subjects face 20 simultaneous repetitions of the same choice. Subjects can randomise by making different choices across the repetitions. We find that randomisation does define a type that is predictable across domains. A sizeable fraction of individuals randomise in all domains, even in questions that offer a stochastically dominant option. For some mixers, dominated randomisation is responsive to intervention. We explore theoretical foundations for mixing, and find that most preference-based models are unable to accommodate our results.
Climate Change Policies and Older Adults: An Analysis of States’ Climate Adaptation Plans
Authors: Carlson Bryant , Kohon Jacklyn N , Carder Paula C , Himes Dani , Toda Eiji , Tanaka Katsuya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background and Objectives
As climate change drives more frequent and intense weather events, older adults face disproportionate impacts, including having the highest mortality rates from storms, wildfires, flooding, and heat waves. State governments are critical in deploying local resources to help address climate change impacts. This policy study analyzes states’ climate adaptation plans to assess the methods through which they address the impact of climate change on older adults.

Research Design and Methods
This study uses content analysis to analyze available climate change adaptation plans for all U.S. states for strategies designed to increase the resilience of older adults to the impacts of climate change.

Results
A total of 19 states have climate adaptation plans, of which 18 describe older adults as a population group with specific health impacts and risk factors. There are 4 categories of adaptation strategies for older adults that includes communications, transportation, housing, and emergency services. State plans vary in terms of the risk factors and adaptation strategies included.

Discussion and Implications
To varying degrees, states’ climate change adaptation planning addresses health, social, and economic risks specific to older adults, as well as strategies for mitigating those risks. As global warming continues, collaborations between public and private sectors and across regions will be needed to prevent negative outcomes such as forced relocation and other social and economic disruptions as well as disparate morbidity and mortality.
Political discretion and risk: the Fukushima nuclear disaster, the distribution of global operations, and uranium company valuation
Authors: Aliyev Murod , Devinney Timothy , Ferguson Andrew , Lam Peter 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between political constraint and investor perception of policy risk using an analysis of the reaction of Australian and Canadian uranium company stocks to the Fukushima nuclear disaster in 2011. Our dataset traces 933 projects of 322 uranium firms located across 36 countries and posits a U-shaped relationship between political constraint and investor perceptions of policy risk. Using an event study methodology as applied to the natural quasi-experiment arising from the event, we link heterogeneous changes in stock returns to the policy risk in the uranium project locations of the firms. The results corroborate the expected relationship and hold even after we control for home-country bias.
Bioinformatic identification and experiment validation revealed that ACTG1 is a promising prognostic signature and therapeutic target for sepsis
Authors: Yao Hua , Zhou Yue , Li Tingting , Li Yao , Li Fan , Zhang Geng , Fu Xin , Kang Yan , Wu Qin 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In the intensive care unit, sepsis is a prevalent clinical syndrome (i.e. the final pathway to death from most infections). Peripheral blood gene expression profiling is becoming more and more accepted as a potential diagnostic or prognostic tool. This work aimed to recognize genes related to sepsis, providing potential translational therapeutic targets. RNA sequencing was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 healthy control subjects and 51 sepsis patients. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to pick out sepsis-related and immunocyte-related gene modules. Genes in the yellow module are primarily involved in excessive inflammation and immune suppression. STRING and Cytoscape were combined to identify ACTG1 and IQGAP1 as hub genes with highest connective degree, and prognostic predication value of ACTG1 was confirmed. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. ACTG1 messenger RNA expression was increased in animal and in cell-related sepsis models. Small interfering RNA revealed decreasing ACTG1 can reduce the in vitro sepsis model apoptosis. We have authenticated ACTG1 as a reliable signature of a poor outcome of sepsis and promising therapeutic targets for sepsis.
ARTC1-mediated VAPB ADP-ribosylation regulates calcium homeostasis
Authors: Ma Xueyao , Li Mengyuan , Liu Yi , Zhang Xuefang , Yang Xiaoyun , Wang Yun , Li Yipeng , Wang Jiayue , Liu Xiuhua , Yan Zhenzhen , Yu Xiaochun , Wu Chen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) is a post-translational modification that regulates a variety of biological processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, metabolism, and stress and immune responses. In mammals, MARylation is mainly catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which consist of two groups: ART cholera toxin-like (ARTCs) and ART diphtheria toxin-like (ARTDs, also known as PARPs). The human ARTC (hARTC) family is composed of four members: two active mono-ADP-ARTs (hARTC1 and hARTC5) and two enzymatically inactive enzymes (hARTC3 and hARTC4). In this study, we systematically examined the homology, expression, and localization pattern of the hARTC family, with a particular focus on hARTC1. Our results showed that hARTC3 interacted with hARTC1 and promoted the enzymatic activity of hARTC1 by stabilizing hARTC1. We also identified vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) as a new target of hARTC1 and pinpointed Arg50 of VAPB as the ADP-ribosylation site. Furthermore, we demonstrated that knockdown of hARTC1 impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis, highlighting the functional importance of hARTC1-mediated VAPB Arg50 ADP-ribosylation in regulating calcium homeostasis. In summary, our study identified a new target of hARTC1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and suggested that ARTC1 plays a role in regulating calcium signaling.
Potential role of kin selection in the transition from vegetative to reproductive allocation in plants
Authors: Chen Renfei , Shi Cenxi , Zhang Liang , Tu Chengyi , Weiner Jacob 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
According to the original optimal reproductive allocation theory, plants should shift from vegetative growth to reproductive allocation abruptly and completely. Some plants do this, and it is also considered a good strategy for crop plants to maximize yield, but most plants shift gradually. Modified versions of the theory predict such a gradual transition from growth to reproduction. We hypothesize that kin selection can also alter the predictions of optimal allocation theory. We investigated the theoretical implications of both positive and negative kin selection on the timing of plant reproductive development using mathematical models. Under reasonable assumptions of costs and benefits, plants under kin selection are more likely to shift from growth to reproduction in an abrupt way when the initial value of the ratio between reproductive and vegetative biomass is high. Supported by empirical observations, our theoretical predictions have important implications in linking life history and energy allocation as well as for improving yields in agriculture.
CCDC189 affects sperm flagellum formation by interacting with CABCOCO1
Authors: Wang Mengyue , Kang Junyan , Shen Zhiming , Hu Yingchun , Chen Min , Cui Xiuhong , Liu Hongbin , Gao Fei 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) are one of the major causes of male infertility and are characterized by multiple defects. In this study, we found that the coiled-coil domain-containing 189 (Ccdc189) gene was predominantly expressed in mouse testes and that inactivation of the Ccdc189 gene caused male infertility. Histological studies revealed that most sperm from Ccdc189-deficient mice carried coiled, curved or short flagella, which are typical MMAF phenotypes. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that the CCDC189 protein was located at the radial spoke of the first peripheral microtubule doublet in the sperm axoneme. A CCDC189-interacting protein, CABCOCO1 (ciliary-associated calcium-binding coiled-coil protein 1), was discovered via co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, and inactivation of Cabcoco1 caused malformation of sperm flagella, which was consistent with findings obtained with Ccdc189-deficient mice. Further studies revealed that inactivation of CCDC189 caused downregulation of CABCOCO1 protein expression and that both CCDC189 and CABCOCO1 interacted with the radial-spoke-specific protein RSPH1 and intraflagellar transport proteins. This study demonstrated that Ccdc189 is a radial-spoke-associated protein and is involved in sperm flagellum formation through its interactions with CABCOCO1 and intraflagellar transport proteins.