bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic predictors of greater carotid intima‐media thickness in tactical athletes: The CHIEF atherosclerosis study
Authors: Lin Yen‐Po , Hsu Yi‐Chiung , Tsai Kun‐Zhe , Huang Wei‐Chun , Han Chih‐Lu , Lin Gen‐Min 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveBoth electrocardiographic and echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have been reported with an association with greater carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with hypertension, while the associations are unclear in physically fit young adults.MethodsA total of 1822 Taiwanese military personnel, aged 18–40 years, received an annual health examination including electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography in 2018–2020. Left carotid bulb cIMT was measured by high‐resolution ultrasonography. Multiple logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, mean blood pressure, and physical fitness was used to determine the associations between echocardiographic and ECG parameters and the highest quintile of cIMT (≥0.8 mm).ResultsCornell‐based LVH, Myers et al.‐based RVH and heart rate ≥75/min were associated with cIMT ≥0.8 mm [odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals: 1.54 (1.01, 2.35), 1.66 (1.18, 2.33), and 1.39 (1.06, 1.83), respectively], while echocardiographic LVH defined as ≥46.0 g/m2.7 for men and ≥38.0 g/m2.7 for women was inversely associated with cIMT ≥0.8 mm [OR: 0.45 (0.24, 0.86)].ConclusionIn tactical athletes of military, the associations of ECG and echocardiographic LVH with cIMT were in opposite directions. Higher physical fitness may cause cardiac muscle hypertrophy and reduce the atherosclerosis severity, possibly leading to the paradoxical echocardiographic finding. This study suggests that ECG‐based LVH remains a good marker of subclinical atherosclerosis in our military population.
Meta‐analysis: Enhanced liver fibrosis test to identify hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver diseases
Authors: Hinkson Alexander , Lally Hannah , Gibson Hannah , Jones Rebecca , Rowe Ian A. , Shinkins Bethany , Parker Richard 
Published: January 2023

SummaryBackground & AimsPatients with liver disease can be stratified for risk of liver‐related ill health by degree of hepatic fibrosis. The Enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) test was developed to quantify hepatic fibrosis non‐invasively and is widely used. The objective of this review was to identify and synthesise the evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of the ELF test for staging of hepatic fibrosis.Approach & ResultsSearches of PubMed and EMBASE were conducted between October 2020 and November 2021 to identify studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of the ELF test compared to histology in liver disease patients. QUADAS‐2 was used to assess risk of bias in each study. Meta‐analysis using the multiple thresholds model described by Steinhauser S, Schumacher M, Rücker G. Modelling multiple thresholds in meta‐analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. BMC Med. Res. Methodol. 2016;16. 10.1186/s12874‐016‐0196‐1 allowed synthesis of 2 × 2 data at different cut‐offs. Sixty‐three studies were included in this review. These studies included 19,285 patients with or at risk of liver disease from viral hepatitis, Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Alcohol‐related Liver Disease and other mixed chronic liver diseases. The prevalence of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis was 47.5%, 39.2% and 4.4%, respectively. Cut‐offs with maximal Youden index were generated with AUROC = 0.811 (95% CI: 0.736–0.870), 0.812 (95% CI: 0.758–0.856) and 0.810 (95% CI: 0.694–0.888) to detect significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of the ELF test varied between different liver diseases and cut‐offs to detect each stage with 95% sensitivity or specificity were also generated.ConclusionsMeta‐analysis revealed considerable variability in the ability of ELF to stage fibrosis across disease aetiologies. Research has mostly focused on viral hepatitis and NAFLD. There is currently a lack of data on the value of the ELF test in Alcohol‐related liver disease and patients in primary care settings.
Identification of POLR3B biallelic mutations‐associated hypomyelinating leukodystrophy‐8 in two siblings
Authors: Yang Fan , Sun Huaqin , Yang Yanting , Wang Yanan , Dai Siyu , Lin Ziyuan , Shen Ying , Liu Hongqian 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPOLR3B gene encodes the 2nd largest catalytic subunit and affects the function of RNA polymerase III enzymes in transcription. Bi‐allelic variants in POLR3B pathogenically cause hypomyelinating leukodystrophy‐8 (HLD8). Herein, we recruited a family with two patients, who presented clinically with cerebellar atrophy, intellectual disability, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and visual problems. We identified the two affected siblings carrying the compound heterozygous variations (c.165_167del; c.1615G>T) in POLR3B by trio‐whole‐exome sequencing (trio‐WES). The qPCR and western blot showed that both transcriptional and translational levels of the mutation (c.165_167del, p.I55_K56delinsM) were sharply attenuated. Following that, a thorough functional examination of a zebrafish line disrupted for human POLR3B validated the pathogenic effects of the two mutations. Our research broadens the spectrum of HLD8‐related pathogenic POLR3B mutations and provides new molecular and animal evidence.
Human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cerebral organoid of leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
Authors: Deng Jiong , Zhang Jie , Gao Kai , Zhou Ling , Jiang Yuwu , Wang Jingmin , Wu Ye 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionLeukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (VWM) is a rare autosomal recessive leukoencephalopathy resulting from mutations in EIF2B1‐5, which encode subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B). Studies have found that eIF2B mutation has a certain influence on embryonic brain development. So far, the effect of the eIF2B mutations on the dynamic process of brain development is not fully understood yet.AimsThree‐dimensional brain organoid technology has promoted the study of human nervous system developmental diseases in recent years, providing a potential platform for elucidating the pathological mechanism of neurodevelopmental diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of eIF2B mutation on the differentiation and development of different nerve cells during dynamic brain development process using 3D brain organoids.ResultsWe constructed eIF2B mutant and wild‐type brain organoid model with induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC). Compared with the wild type, the mutant brain organoids were significantly smaller, accompanied by increase in apoptosis, which might be resulted from overactivation of unfolded protein response (UPR). Neuronal development was delayed in early stage, but with normal superficial neuronal differentiation in later stage. eIF2B mutations resulted in immature astrocytes with increased expression of GFAPδ, nestin, and αB‐crystallin, and there were increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, decreased mature oligodendrocytes, and sparse myelin in mutant cerebral organoids in the later stage.Conclusionwe constructed the first eIF2B mutant cerebral organoids to explore the dynamic brain development process, which provides a platform for further research on the specific pathogenesis of VWM.
Young Children's Engagement with Objects in Science Museums: A Rapid Evidence Assessment of Research
Authors: Flewitt Rosie , Bangpan Mukdarut , Manyukhina Yana , Wyse Dominic 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis rapid evidence assessment (REA) of literature was conducted to aggregate knowledge about young children's engagement with objects in science museums. The review focuses on empirical studies published between 2000 and 2020 reporting on children in the age range from birth to eight years. Scrutiny of a final sample of 48 peer‐reviewed papers indicated that certain museum object characteristics may arouse children's curiosity more than others. Children's interest in museum objects is enhanced and sustained by dialogical and collaborative activity with peers and adults, by sensory, emotional and cognitive engagement with objects, and by children having choice and freedom to explore museum spaces on their own terms. The review identifies there is limited evidence pertaining to children's visits to STEM museums and a need for theoretically robust empirical research with children, museum educators, teachers and parents from diverse communities.
Residential instability during adolescence predicts earlier age at onset of psychosis: The moderating role of extraversion
Authors: Ku Benson S. , Walker Elaine F. , Druss Benjamin G. , Murray Camille R. , Compton Michael T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionResidential instability (RI) during adolescence is associated with poor health outcomes. Also, extraversion has been shown to be a moderator of these associations. However, the associations between RI, extraversion, and age at onset of psychosis (AOP) remain unknown.MethodsData were collected from patients with first‐episode psychosis (FEP). Linear regression models assessed the association between RI during adolescence and AOP. Extraversion was tested as a moderator using the interaction term RI‐by‐extraversion.ResultsAmong 89 participants with FEP, both RI (adjusted β = −.278, p = .006) and the interaction term RI‐by‐extraversion (adjusted β = .290, p < .001) were associated with earlier AOP. Stratified analyses showed that RI was only significantly associated with earlier AOP among those with low extraversion (adjusted β = −.598, p < .001).ConclusionsRI predicted earlier AOP and this association was moderated by extraversion. These findings suggest that extraversion may buffer the negative relationship between RI and AOP. Future research should replicate these findings.
The pedagogical value of parallel charts for dental students in clinical education: A qualitative study
Authors: Marty Mathieu , Bédard Ulysse , Gendron Bénédicte , Vergnes Jean‐Noel , Valéra Marie‐Cécile 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIntroductionNarrative medicine is a novel approach aimed at attending to the socio‐emotional aspects of illness and care. Parallel charts represent one of the tools of narrative medicine and are brief accounts of care in which practitioners can express their feelings and emotions towards patients and treatments. They are, therefore, intended to collect practitioners' feedback in the form of “narrative” tools to encourage reflection.Materials and MethodsThis is a single‐centre observational pilot study comprising the setting up and analysis of parallel charts in two classes of 5th and 6th year students in a Paediatric Dentistry Department in France. Forty‐four students completed 126 parallel charts. A qualitative, thematic, analysis was conducted and the charts were also classified according to the three types of description of illness made by Arthur Kleinman.ResultsThis work showed that dental students mainly compiled parallel charts from a disease‐centred perspective. The qualitative analysis identified the various themes addressed by the student: relationship with patients and managing children's anxiety, student stress, relationship with the environment or with lecturers.ConclusionThe qualitative analysis highlighted the usefulness of compiling parallel charts by the students to allow them to express both positive and negative feelings, and thus to adopt a self‐evaluative approach regarding their practices based on emotional impact. Parallel charts may improve patient‐practitioner relationship, but more extensive studies over longer periods of time need to be undertaken.
The gut microbiome in intravenous immunoglobulin‐treated chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Svačina Martin K. R. , Sprenger‐Svačina Alina , Tsakmaklis Anastasia , Rüb Alina M. , Klein Ines , Wüstenberg Hauke , Fink Gereon R. , Lehmann Helmar C. , Vehreschild Maria J. G. T. , Farowski Fedja 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and purposeThe gut microbiome is involved in autoimmunity. Data on its composition in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), the most common chronic autoimmune disorder of peripheral nerves, are currently lacking.MethodsIn this monocentric exploratory pilot study, stool samples were prospectively collected from 16 CIDP patients (mean age 58 ± 10 years, 25% female) before and 1 week after administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). Gut microbiota were analyzed via bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared to 15 age‐matched healthy subjects (mean age 59 ± 15 years, 66% female).ResultsThe gut microbiota of CIDP patients showed an increased alpha‐diversity (p = 0.005) and enrichment of Firmicutes, such as Blautia (p = 0.0004), Eubacterium hallii (p = 0.0004), or Ruminococcus torques (p = 0.03), and of Actinobacteriota (p = 0.03) compared to healthy subjects. IVIg administration did not alter the gut microbiome composition in CIDP in this short‐term observation (p = 0.95).ConclusionsThe gut microbiome in IVIg‐treated CIDP shows distinct features, with increased bacterial diversity and enrichment of short‐chain fatty acid producing Firmicutes. IVIg had no short‐term impact on the gut microbiome in CIDP patients. As the main limitation of this exploratory pilot study was small cohort size, future studies also including therapy‐naïve patients are warranted to verify our findings and to explore the impact of long‐term IVIg treatment on the gut microbiome in CIDP.
The JAK–STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis: a systematic review with qualitative synthesis
Authors: Yin Qi , Wolkerstorfer Albert , Lapid Oren , Niessen Frank B. , Van Zuijlen Paul P. M. , Gibbs Susan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractKeloid tissues contain inflammatory cells and upregulated pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The Janus kinase (JAK)‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway mediate cellular responses to these cytokines. We performed a systematic review on the role of the JAK–STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis and the evidence for JAK–STAT inhibitors in keloid treatment. The search combined the terms (1) keloid and (2) JAK or TYK or STAT and included MeSH terms and synonyms. Two reviewers screened the articles and assessed the full texts on eligibility. Data were collected on the tested drugs and molecules, the type of cells and tissues used in the experiments, and study findings on the association between the JAK–STAT pathway and keloid cells and tissues. A total of twenty preclinical studies were included. Eleven preclinical studies proved that STAT3 expression and phosphorylation are enhanced in keloid tissue and keloid fibroblasts. Thirteen different JAK and/or STAT inhibitors were investigated. Tested drugs inhibited keloid progression as demonstrated by different processes, including reduced collagen production, cell proliferation and migration, increased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, enhanced antioxidant responses, decreased (paracrine) signalling, and decreased profibrotic gene expression. No clinical studies have been published to date. Preclinical studies indicate a role for the JAK–STAT pathway in keloid pathogenesis and a potential role for JAK–STAT inhibitors in keloid treatment. The effect of these drugs should be further investigated on relevant biomarkers in a human keloid skin model, preferably including immune cells besides keloid fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in clinical studies.
Gender representation in police organizations: Do upper‐level and street‐level female bureaucrats differ in their roles?
Authors: Pyo Sunyoung , Lee Hongseok 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSome representative bureaucracy literature has suggested that increasing the share of female bureaucrats, particularly in supervisory positions, would not have a substantial influence on producing policy outcomes in favor of female clients because of the potential impact of organizational socialization. However, there has been little empirical investigation into how passive female representation across hierarchical ranks and its interaction influence policy outcomes for women. By analyzing data on 360 local U.S. police organizations in 2013 and 2016, we found that a higher proportion of female officers in first‐line supervisory level positions was negatively linked to arrest performance for rape offenses, while a higher share of female street‐level officers was not significantly linked to arrest performance for the same offenses. However, we noticed a positive interactive effect of the proportion of female street‐level officers and female officers at the intermediate‐level on rape arrests. These results imply that promoting female representation across different hierarchical ranks in police organizations will help to ensure the benefits of representative bureaucracy.
Management and outcomes of persistent headache after accidental dural puncture in the obstetric population: A 9‐year prospective audit
Authors: Niraj G. , Critchley Peter 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness and safety of a novel management pathway in the obstetric population presenting to a pain medicine clinic with persistent headache after accidental dural puncture (PHADP).BackgroundAccidental dural puncture (ADP) can result in headaches that persist for months to years. These headaches can be a therapeutic challenge, often cause severe disability, and management pathway remains obscure.MethodsObstetric patients with PHADP referred to a pain medicine physician were prospectively followed up in a longitudinal audit of a novel management pathway. ADP reports dated from 2008 until 2019. Initial management included brain imaging and pharmacological agents. Patients who failed to respond were offered greater occipital nerve (GON) block with depot methylprednisolone followed by pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment. A headache diary was completed for 4 weeks prior to commencing treatment and maintained for 24 weeks following an intervention. Data collected included use of epidural blood patch to manage postdural puncture headache, past history of headache, severity of headache, duration of persistent headache, low back pain, and employment status.ResultsOver the 9‐year period, a cohort of 54 obstetric patients with PHADP with a 16‐gauge Tuohy needle were reviewed in the pain clinic. Forty patients presented with chronic daily headache (40/54, 74%). Brain imaging did not reveal any sign of intracranial hypotension in 50 patients (50/54, 93%). Mean follow‐up period was 5.7 years. Two patients were lost to follow‐up (2/54, 4%). Pharmacological management was effective in 17 patients (17/52, 33%). Medical management failed to improve symptoms in 35 patients (35/52, 67%), and they were offered GON block. Fourteen (14/35, 40%) patients refused the intervention. Nerve block was performed in 21 patients and produced durable benefit lasting 24 weeks in 18 patients (18/21, 86%). Three patients underwent PRF treatment to GONs and all three (100%) reported durable benefit. At final follow‐up, mean monthly headache frequency was 5.9 for the medical management group, 8.6 for the refused nerve block group, and 4.1 in patients who received GON treatment (p < 0.001).ConclusionADP can cause chronic headaches that persist beyond 3 years. Interventions targeting the GONs appear to have a role in the management of PHADP.
Changes in gamma‐aminobutyric acid and glutamate/glutamine levels in the right thalamus of patients with episodic and chronic migraine: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Wang Wei , Bai Xiaoyan , Zhang Yingkui , Yuan Ziyu , Tang Hefei , Zhang Xue , Li Zhiye , Zhang Peng , Hu Zhangxuan , Zhang Yaqing , Yu Xueying , Man Xue , Sui Binbin , Wang Yonggang 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo explore gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) levels in the right thalamus of patients with episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) and their effects on the chronification of migraine.BackgroundMigraine affects approximately 1 billion people worldwide, with 2.5%–3% of people with EM progressing to CM each year. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies have revealed altered GABA and Glx levels in the thalamus of patients with migraine without aura, but these neurometabolic concentrations are underexplored in the thalamus of patients with CM.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, patients with EM and CM were recruited. Mescher‐Garwood point resolved spectroscopy sequence was used to acquire neurotransmitter concentrations in the right thalamus of patients with EM and CM and matched healthy controls (HCs).ResultsA total of 26 patients (EM, n = 11; CM, n = 15) and 16 age‐ and sex‐matched HCs were included in the analysis. There were significantly lower GABA+/Water levels in the right thalamus of the CM group (mean ± standard deviation: 2.27 ± 0.4 [institutional units]) than that of the HC group (2.74 ± 0.4) (p = 0.026; mean difference [MD] = −0.5 [i.u.]), and lower Glx/Cr levels in the EM group (mean ± SD: 0.11 ± < 0.1) than in the HCs (0.13 ± < 0.1) and CM group (0.13 ± < 0.1) (p = 0.023, MD < −0.1, and p = 0.034, MD < −0.1, respectively). The GABA+/Glx ratio was lower in the CM group (mean ± SD: 0.38 ± 0.1) compared to the EM group (0.47 ± 0.1) (p = 0.024; MD = −0.1). The area under the curve for GABA+/Water levels in differentiating patients with CM from HCs was 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.68, 0.98; p = 0.004). Correlation analyses within the migraine group revealed no significant correlation between metabolite concentration levels and headache characteristics after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionReduced GABA+/Water levels and imbalance of excitation/inhibition in the right thalamus may contribute to migraine chronification.
An exploratory study evaluating the 30 medications most commonly associated with headaches in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Authors: Musialowicz Brett , Kamitaki Brad , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis project seeks to identify the top 30 drugs most commonly associated with headaches in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), as well as their respective reporting odds ratios (RORs).BackgroundHeadache secondary to medication use is a well‐known entity. However, which medications are most likely to cause headaches on a global scale is unknown.MethodsWe extracted case identifiers, adverse events, and attributed medications for entries in the FAERS database from July 1, 2018, to March 31, 2020. Entries were split into two datasets based on whether or they contained the word “headache(s).” Non‐medication words were then excluded. The medications most commonly associated with headaches were then identified.ResultsWe extracted 2,673,081 entries, of which 86,086 contain the word “headache(s).” The 30 most frequently appearing medications were then ranked by ROR values with associated 95% confidence intervals. The three medications with the greatest association with headaches were selexipag (ROR 16.7, 95% CI 15.8–17.7), epoprostenol (ROR 11.7, 95% CI 10.8–12.7), and glecaprevir (ROR 8.7, 95% CI 8.3–9.2). Immunosuppressants, antivirals, as well as pulmonary hypertension medication classes were most commonly associated with headache.ConclusionOur study offers a potential list of the medication classes commonly associated with iatrogenic headaches.