bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer victimization and empathy for victims of bullying: A test of bidirectional associations in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Trach Jessica , Garandeau Claire F. , Malamut Sarah T. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAnti‐bullying interventions often assume that knowing how it feels to be bullied increases empathy for victims. However, longitudinal research on actual experiences of bullying and empathy is lacking. This study investigated whether within‐person changes in victimization predicted changes in empathy over 1 year using random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel models. Self‐ and peer‐reported victimization, and cognitive and affective empathy for victims were measured in a sample of 15,713 Finnish youth (Mage = 13.23, SDage = 2.01, 51.6% female; 92.5% had Finnish‐speaking parents; data was collected in 2007–2009 when information about participants’ race/ethnicity was not available due to ethical guidelines for the protection of personal information). Results indicated small, positive longitudinal associations from victimization to cognitive empathy. Implications for empathy‐raising interventions are discussed.
Folic acid deficiency exacerbates the inflammatory response of astrocytes after ischemia‐reperfusion by enhancing the interaction between IL‐6 and JAK‐1/pSTAT3
Authors: Cheng Man , Liang Xiaoshan , Shi Linran , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Liwen , Gong Zhongying , Luo Suhui , Wang Xuan , Zhang Xumei 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the role of IL‐6 and pSTAT3 in the inflammatory response to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion following folic acid deficiency (FD).MethodsThe middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats in vivo, and cultured primary astrocytes were exposed to oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to emulate ischemia/reperfusion injury in vitro.ResultsGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression significantly increased in astrocytes of the brain cortex in the MCAO group compared to the SHAM group. Nevertheless, FD did not further promote GFAP expression in astrocytes of rat brain tissue after MCAO. This result was further confirmed in the OGD/R cellular model. In addition, FD did not promote the expressions of TNF‐α and IL‐1β but raised IL‐6 (Peak at 12 h after MCAO) and pSTAT3 (Peak at 24 h after MCAO) levels in the affected cortices of MCAO rats. In the in vitro model, the levels of IL‐6 and pSTAT3 in astrocytes were significantly reduced by treatment with Filgotinib (JAK‐1 inhibitor) but not AG490 (JAK‐2 inhibitor). Moreover, the suppression of IL‐6 expression reduced FD‐induced increases in pSTAT3 and pJAK‐1. In turn, inhibited pSTAT3 expression also depressed the FD‐mediated increase in IL‐6 expression.ConclusionsFD led to the overproduction of IL‐6 and subsequently increased pSTAT3 levels via JAK‐1 but not JAK‐2, which further promoted increased IL‐6 expression, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response of primary astrocytes.
Gain‐of‐function of progesterone receptor membrane component 2 ameliorates ischemic brain injury
Authors: Zhou Chao , Zhu Taiyang , Ni Wanyan , Zhou Hui , Song Jiaxing , Wang Miao , Jin Guoliang , Zhou Yan , Han Jingjing , Hua Fang 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveProgesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2) belongs to the membrane‐associated progesterone receptor family, which regulates multiple pathophysiological processes. However, the role of PGRMC2 in ischemic stroke remains unexplored. The present study sought to determine the regulatory role of PGRMC2 in ischemic stroke.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The protein expression level and localization of PGRMC2 were examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The gain‐of‐function ligand of PGRMC2 (CPAG‐1, 45 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into sham/MCAO mice, and brain infarction, blood–brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and sensorimotor functions were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, brain water content, Evans blue extravasation, immunofluorescence staining, and neurobehavioral tests. The astrocyte and microglial activation, neuronal functions, and gene expression profiles were revealed by RNA sequencing, qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining after surgery and CPAG‐1 treatment.ResultsProgesterone receptor membrane component 2 was elevated in different brain cells after ischemic stroke. Intraperitoneal delivery of CPAG‐1 reduced infarct size, brain edema, BBB leakage, astrocyte and microglial activation, and neuronal death, and improved sensorimotor deficits after ischemic stroke.ConclusionCPAG‐1 acts as a novel neuroprotective compound that could reduce neuropathologic damage and improve functional recovery after ischemic stroke.
Early post‐transplant leukopenia in heart transplant recipients and its impact on outcomes
Authors: Batra Jaya , DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Golob Stephanie , Lumish Heidi , Clerkin Kevin , Topkara Veli K. , Restaino Susan , Lee Sun Hi , Latif Farhana , Raikhelkar Jayant , Fried Justin , Oh Kyung Taek , Lin Edward , Colombo Paolo C. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Sayer Gabriel , Uriel Nir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundLeukopenia in the early period following heart transplantation (HT) is not well‐studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for the development of post‐transplant leukopenia and its consequences for HT recipients.MethodsAdult patients at a large‐volume transplant center who received HT between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020 were included. The incidence of leukopenia (WBC ≤3 × 103/μL) in the first 90‐days following HT, individual risk factors, and its effect on 1‐year outcomes were evaluated.ResultsOf 506 HT recipients, 184 (36%) developed leukopenia within 90‐days. Median duration of the first leukopenia episode was 15.5 days (IQR 8–42.5 days). Individuals who developed leukopenia had lower pre‐transplant WBC counts compared to those who did not (6.1 × 103/μL vs. 6.9 × 103/μL, p = .02). Initial immunosuppressive and infectious chemoprophylactic regimens were not significantly different between groups. Early leukopenia was associated with a higher mortality at 1‐year (6.6% vs. 2.1%, p = .008; adjusted HR 3.0) and an increased risk of recurrent episodes. Rates of infection and rejection were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsLeukopenia in the early period following HT is common and associated with an increased risk of mortality. Further study is needed to identify individuals at highest risk for leukopenia prior to transplant and optimize immunosuppressive and infectious chemoprophylactic regimens for this subgroup.
Quality assessment of donor liver procurement surgery using an unadjusted CUSUM prediction model. A practical nationwide evaluation
Authors: Lam Hwai‐Ding , Schaapherder Alexander F , Alwayn Ian PJ , Nijboer Willemijn N , Tushuizen Maarten E , Hemke Aline C , Baranski Andrzej , Pas Stéphanie L Van der 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the value of the unadjusted CUSUM graph of liver surgical injury and discard rates in organ procurement in the Netherlands.MethodsUnadjusted CUSUM graphs were plotted for surgical injury (C event) and discard rate (C2 event) from procured livers accepted for transplantation for each local procurement team compared with the total national cohort. The average incidence for each outcome was used as benchmark based on procurement quality forms (Sep 2010–Oct 2018). The data from the five Dutch procuring teams were blind‐coded.ResultsThe C and C2 event rate were 17% and 1.9%, respectively (n = 1265). A total of 12 CUSUM charts were plotted for the national cohort and the five local teams. National CUSUM charts showed an overlapping “alarm signal.” This overlapping signal for both C and C2, albeit a different time period, was only found in one local team. The other CUSUM alarm signal went off for two separate local teams, but only for C events or C2 events respectively, and at different points in time. The other remaining CUSUM charts showed no alarm signaling.ConclusionThe unadjusted CUSUM chart is a simple and effective monitoring tool in following performance quality of organ procurement for liver transplantation. Both national and local recorded CUSUMs are useful to see the implication of national and local effects on organ procurement injury. Both procurement injury and organ discard are equally important in this analysis and need to be separately CUSUM charted.
Preparation ofCitrus reticulatapeel nano‐encapsulated essential oil and in vitro assessment of its biological properties
Authors: Torshabi Maryam , MoadabShoar Zahra , Negahban Maryam 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDental caries is the most common biofilm‐dependent oral disease.Streptococcus mutansis among the main microorganisms responsible for the development of dental caries. Nano‐suspension ofCitrus reticulata(tangerine) peel essential oil in 0.5% (v/v) concentration was prepared and its antibacterial effect onS. mutansin planktonic and biofilm forms as well as its cytotoxic and antioxidant effects were assessed and compared with chlorhexidine (CHX). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of free essential oil, nano‐encapsulated essential oil, and CHX was 5.6% (v/v), 0.0005% (v/v), and 0.0002% (w/v), respectively. The percentage of biofilm inhibition by the free essential oil, nano‐encapsulated essential oil, and CHX at half‐MIC was 67.3%, 24%, and 90.6%, respectively. The nano‐encapsulated essential oil had no cytotoxicity and showed significant antioxidant effects in different concentrations. Nano‐encapsulation of tangerine peel essential oil significantly enhanced its biological activities in much lower concentrations than the free essential oil (11,000 times diluted). It also showed lower cytotoxicity and higher antibiofilm effects in sub‐MICs compared with CHX, indicating the optimal potential of tangerine nano‐encapsulated essential oil for incorporation in the composition of organic antibacterial and antioxidant mouth rinses.
Prediction of court decision from Arabic documents using deep learning
Authors: Zahir Jihad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe increasing amount of electronic legal documents represents a great opportunity for the development of intelligent computational systems for legal texts processing and classification. Most of these systems use classical machine learning and large datasets in English. This paper proposes an approach to automatically predict legal case outcome from written description of the events in Arabic using deep learning. An in‐house corpus from the decisions of the Moroccan Court of Cassation is built and used to train a deep learning model that predicts judgement. As the created corpus is of limited size, a new data augmentation method is proposed to boost the prediction performance. Two settings for text representation are tested, namely FastText and GloVe embeddings, and multiple deep learning models architectures are tested. The proposed approach succeeds in predicting judicial decisions of the Moroccan Court of Cassation with an accuracy of 80.51% on six classes. Even with a small dataset, the proposed data augmentation method was helpful in improving the overall models' performance. Despite the advancement in the area of legal judgement prediction over the years, this work is the first attempt to predict legal outcome using the documents of the Moroccan Cassation court. The corpus created in the context of this work will be made publicly available to the community.
Changing patterns of the East Asian monsoon drive shifts in migration and abundance of a globally important rice pest
Authors: Lv Hua , Zhai Meng‐Yuan , Zeng Juan , Zhang Yi‐Yang , Zhu Feng , Shen Hui‐Mei , Qiu Kun , Gao Bo‐Ya , Reynolds Don R. , Chapman Jason W. , Hu Gao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractNumerous insects including pests and beneficial species undertake windborne migrations over hundreds of kilometers. In East Asia, climate‐induced changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation systems are affecting wind‐fields and precipitation zones and these, in turn, are changing migration patterns. We examined the consequences in a serious rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) in East China. BPH cannot overwinter in temperate East Asia, and infestations there are initiated by several waves of windborne spring or summer migrants originating from tropical areas in Indochina. The East Asian summer monsoon, characterized by abundant rainfall and southerly winds, is of critical importance for these northward movements. We analyzed a 42‐year dataset of meteorological parameters and catches of BPH from a standardized network of 341 light‐traps in South and East China. We show that south of the Yangtze River during summer, southwesterly winds have weakened and rainfall increased, while the summer precipitation has decreased further north on the Jianghuai Plain. Together, these changes have resulted in shorter migratory journeys for BPH leaving South China. As a result, pest outbreaks of BPH in the key rice‐growing area of the Lower Yangtze River Valley (LYRV) have declined since 2001. We show that these changes to the East Asian summer monsoon weather parameters are driven by shifts in the position and intensity of the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) system that have occurred during the last 20 years. As a result, the relationship between WPSH intensity and BPH immigration that was previously used to predict the size of the immigration to the LYRV has now broken down. Our results demonstrate that migration patterns of a serious rice pest have shifted in response to the climate‐induced changes in precipitation and wind pattern, with significant consequences for the population management of migratory pests.
Interactive effects of elevated temperature and drought on plant carbon metabolism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhaoguo , Wang Chuankuan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractElevated temperature (Te) and drought often co‐occur and interactively affect plant carbon (C) metabolism and thus the ecosystem C cycling; however, the magnitude of their interaction is unclear, making the projection of global change impacts challenging. Here, we compiled 107 journal articles in which temperature and water availability were jointly manipulated, and we performed a meta‐analysis of interactive effects of Te and drought on leaf photosynthesis (Agrowth) and respiration (Rgrowth) at growth temperature, nonstructural carbohydrates and biomass of plants, and their dependencies on experimental and biological moderators (e.g., treatment intensity, plant functional type). Our results showed that, overall, there was no significant interaction of Te and drought on Agrowth. Te accelerated Rgrowth under well‐watered conditions rather than under drought conditions. The Te × drought interaction on leaf soluble sugar and starch concentrations were neutral and negative, respectively. The effect of Te and drought on plant biomass displayed a negative interaction, with Te deteriorating the drought impacts. Drought induced an increase in root to shoot ratio at ambient temperature but not at Te. The magnitudes of Te and drought negatively modulated the Te × drought interactions on Agrowth. Root biomass of woody plants was more vulnerable to drought than that of herbaceous plants at ambient temperature, but this difference diminished at Te. Perennial herbs exhibited a stronger amplifying effect of Te on plant biomass in response to drought than did annual herbs. Te exacerbated the responses of Agrowth and stomatal conductance to drought for evergreen broadleaf trees rather than for deciduous broadleaf and evergreen coniferous trees. A negative Te × drought interaction on plant biomass was observed on species‐level rather than on community‐level. Collectively, our findings provide a mechanistic understanding of the interactive effects of Te and drought on plant C metabolism, which would improve the prediction of climate change impacts.
Dystonia phenomenology and treatment response in migraine
Authors: Zolin Aryeh , Broner Susan W. , Yoo Andrea , Guan Ivan , Lakhani Shenela , Trabilsy Maissa , Klebanoff Louise , Vo Mary , Sarva Harini 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the phenomenology of cervical dystonia (CD) in patients with migraine and the effect of its treatment on migraine frequency.BackgroundPreliminary studies demonstrate that treatment of CD with botulinum toxin in those with migraine can improve both conditions. However, the phenomenology of CD in the setting of migraine has not been formally described.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center, descriptive, retrospective case series of patients with a verified diagnosis of migraine who were referred to our movement disorder center for evaluation of co‐existing, untreated CD. Patient demographics, characteristics of migraine and CD, and effects of cervical onabotulinumtoxinA (BoTNA) injections were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWe identified 58 patients with comorbid CD and migraine. The majority were female (51/58 [88%]) and migraine preceded CD in 72% (38/53) of patients by a mean (range) of 16.0 (0–36) years. Nearly all the patients had laterocollis (57/58) and 60% (35/58) had concurrent torticollis. Migraine was found to be both ipsilateral and contralateral to the dystonia in a comparable proportion of patients (11/52 [21%] vs. 15/52 [28%]). There was no significant relationship between migraine frequency and dystonia severity. Treatment of CD with BoTNA reduced migraine frequency in most patients (15/26 [58%] at 3 months and 10/16 [63%] at 12 months).ConclusionsIn our cohort, migraine often preceded dystonia symptoms and laterocollis was the most described dystonia phenotype. The lateralization and severity/frequency of these two disorders were unrelated, but dystonic movements were a common migraine trigger. We corroborated previous reports that cervical BoTNA injections reduced migraine frequency. Providers treating patients with migraine and neck pain who are not fully responding to typical therapies should screen for possible CD as a confounding factor, which when treated can reduce migraine frequency.
The functions of self‐harm in young people and their perspectives about future general practitioner‐led care: A qualitative study
Authors: Mughal Faraz , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Babatunde Opeyemi O. , Saunders Benjamin , Meki Aula , Dikomitis Lisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐harm in young people is a serious concern but a deeper understanding of the functions of self‐harm in young people can tailor care and inform new clinical interventions to reduce repeat self‐harm and suicide risk. General practitioners (GPs), as frontline healthcare professionals, have an important role in managing self‐harm in young people. This study aimed to explore the functions of self‐harm in young people and their perspectives on future GP‐led care.MethodsA qualitative study using interviews with young people aged between 16 and 25 years with a personal history of self‐harm was conducted. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.FindingsFour distinct functions were identified: (1) handling emotional states; (2) self‐punishment; (3) coping with mental illness and trauma; and (4) positive thoughts and protection. Young people valued GP‐led support and felt future GP interventions should include self‐help and be personalised.ConclusionsThese findings support clinicians, including GPs, to explore the functions of self‐harm in young people aged 16–25 in a personalised approach to self‐harm care. It should be noted that self‐harm may serve more than one function for a young person and thus interventions should recognise this.Patient and Public ContributionA group consisting of young people with lived experience of self‐harm, carers, the public, and those who work with young people who harm themselves conceived this study idea, informed recruitment methods and the interview topic guide, and supported the interpretation of findings.
Immune response to ART initiation in advanced HIV infection
Authors: Mounzer Karam , Brunet Laurence , Fusco Jennifer S. , McNicholl Ian R. , Dunbar Megan , Sension Michael , McCurdy Lewis H. , Fusco Gregory P. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to compare the immunological responses to commonly used antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens among people with advanced HIV in the USA and to assess virological outcomes and regimen persistence.MethodsThis study included ART‐naïve adults with advanced HIV infection (CD4 cell count <200 cells/μL) initiating ART with bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF), boosted darunavir (bDRV), dolutegravir (DTG), or elvitegravir (EVG/c)‐containing regimens between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 in the Observational Pharmaco‐Epidemiology Research and Analysis (OPERA) cohort. Cox proportional hazards models and linear mixed models with random intercept were fit with inverse probability of treatment weighting.ResultsOverall, 1349 people with advanced HIV (816 B/F/TAF, 253 DTG, 146 EVG/c, 134 bDRV) were followed for a median of 22 months. Compared with B/F/TAF, a lower likelihood of achieving a CD4 cell count ≥200 cells/μL was observed with bDRV (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–0.96), DTG (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.69–0.98), and EVG/c (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57–0.93). All groups had a similar pattern of CD4:CD8 ratio changes: a rapid increase in the first 6 months (ranging from +0.15 to +0.16 units), followed by a slower increase thereafter. Only 40 individuals (4%) achieved CD4:CD8 ratio normalization (≥1). B/F/TAF was associated with a faster time to virological suppression (viral load <200 copies/mL) and a slower time to discontinuation compared with other regimens.ConclusionsAmong people with advanced HIV infection, B/F/TAF initiation was associated with faster CD4 cell count recovery and favourable virological outcomes compared with bDRV‐, DTG‐, and EVG/c‐based regimens, although no difference was observed in CD4:CD8 ratio changes over time across regimens.
Antioxidants for improved skin appearance: Intracellular mechanism, challenges and future strategies
Authors: Ngoc Le Thi Nhu , Moon Ju‐Young , Lee Young‐Chul 
Published: February 2023

AbstractRecent advances in molecular and biochemical processes relevant to the skincare field have led to the development of novel ingredients based on antioxidants that can improve skin health and youthfulness. Considering the plethora of such antioxidants and the many implications for the skin's appearance, this review focuses on describing the critical aspects of antioxidants, including cosmetic functions, intracellular mechanisms and challenges. In particular, specialized substances are suggested for the treatment of each skin condition, such as skin ageing, skin dehydration and skin hyperpigmentation, which treatments can maximize effectiveness and avoid side effects during skin care processes. In addition, this review proposes advanced strategies that either already exists in the cosmetic market or should be developed to improve and optimize cosmetic’ beneficial effects.