bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of the red alga Gracilariopsis tenuifrons (Gracilariales) along the Brazilian coast
Authors: Faria Andre V. F. , Martins Nuno T. , Ayres‐Ostrock Ligia M. , Gurgel Carlos F. D. , Plastino Estela M. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractChanges in the sea level during the Holocene are regarded as one of the most prevalent drivers of the diversity and distribution of macroalgae in Brazil, influenced by the emergence of the Vitória‐Trindade seamount chain (VTC). Gracilariopsis tenuifrons has a wide geographic distribution along the Brazilian coast, from Maranhão state (2°48′64.3" S) to Santa Catarina state (27.5°73′83" S). The knowledge of historical processes affecting diversity may allow the development of conservation strategies in environments against anthropogenic influence. Therefore, knowledge about phylogeography and populational genetic diversity in G. tenuifrons is necessary. Six populations were sampled along the northeastern tropical (Maranhão—MA, Rio Grande do Norte—RN, Alagoas—AL, and Bahia—BA States) and southeastern subtropical (São Paulo “Ubatuba”—SP1 and São Paulo “Itanhaém”—SP2 States) regions along the Brazilian coast. The genetic diversity and structure of G. tenuifrons were inferred using mitochondrial (COI‐5P and cox2‐3 concatenated) DNA markers. Gracilariopsis tenuifrons populations showed an evident separation between the northeast (from 2°48′64.3" S to 14°18′23" S; 17 haplotypes) and the southeast (from 23°50′14.9" S to 24°20′04.7" S; 10 haplotypes) regions by two mutational steps between them. The main biogeographical barrier to gene flow is located nearby the VTC. The southeast region (São Paulo State) is separated by two subphylogroups (SP1, three haplotypes and SP2, six haplotypes), and Santos Bay (estuary) has been considered a biogeographical barrier between them. The presence of genetic structure and putative barriers to gene flow are in concordance with previous studies reporting biogeographic breaks in the southwest Atlantic Ocean, including the genetic isolation between northeast and southeast regions for red and brown algae in the vicinity of the VTC.
Insomnia symptoms as risk factor for somatic disorders: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses
Authors: Benz Fee , Meneo Debora , Baglioni Chiara , Hertenstein Elisabeth 
Published: July 2023

SummaryThe objective of this umbrella review is to present a comprehensive summary of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses on the longitudinal association between insomnia and the risk of developing somatic disorders. Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo and PsycArticles were searched until 16 December 2022. Fourteen systematic reviews and meta‐analyses met the inclusion criteria. Results suggest that insomnia symptoms (i.e. aspects of disturbed sleep continuity as a single symptom) convey a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and thyroid cancer. The presence of insomnia symptoms may also enhance the risk for obesity, cognitive decline and dementia—however, results are contradictory and not conclusive here. Results do not suggest an association between insomnia symptoms and mortality. No conclusions can be drawn regarding insomnia disorder because the reviews did not ensure a valid diagnosis. It remains unclear what proportion of participants with insomnia symptoms fulfil diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder and/or suffer from an organic sleep disorder such as sleep‐related breathing disorder. Moreover, most of the included reviews were assessed to have critically low confidence according to the AMSTAR‐2 tool. Inconsistent definitions of insomnia and methodological unclarities further underline that results should be interpreted with caution. There is a need for future longitudinal studies that focus on a careful definition and differential diagnosis of both insomnia and the outcome.
Quantitative road crack evaluation by a U‐Net architecture using smartphone images and Lidar data
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Mizutani Tsukasa 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRoad cracks are a major concern for administrators. Visual inspection is labor‐intensive. The accuracy of previous algorithms for detecting cracks in images requires improvement. Further, the length and thickness of cracks must be estimated. Light detection and ranging (Lidar), a standard smartphone feature is used to develop a method for the completely automatic, accurate, and quantitative evaluation of road cracks. The two contributions of this study are as follows. To achieve the highest segmentation accuracy, U‐Net is combined with data augmentation and morphology transform. To calculate the crack length and thickness, crack images are registered into Lidar color data. The proposed algorithm was validated using a public database of road cracks and those measured by the authors. The algorithm was 95% accurate in determining crack length. The coefficient of determination for thickness estimation accuracy was 0.98 addressing various crack shapes and asphalt pavement patterns.
Insight into the biochemical and cell biological function of an intrinsically unstructured heat shock protein, Hsp12 of Ustilago maydis
Authors: Mitra Aroni , Bhakta Koustav , Kar Ankita , Roy Anisha , Mohid Sk Abdul , Ghosh Abhrajyoti , Ghosh Anupama 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSmall heat shock proteins (sHsps) play diverse roles in the stress response and maintenance of cellular functions. The Ustilago maydis genome codes for few sHsps. Among these, Hsp12 has previously been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of the fungus by our group. In the present study we further investigated the biological function of the protein in the pathogenic development of U. maydis. Analysis of the primary amino acid sequence of Hsp12 in combination with spectroscopic methods to analyse secondary protein structures revealed an intrinsically disordered nature of the protein. We also carried out detailed analysis on the protein aggregation prevention activity associated with Hsp12. Our data suggest Hsp12 has trehalose‐dependent protein aggregation prevention activity. Through assaying the interaction of Hsp12 with lipid membranes in vitro we also showed the ability of U. maydis Hsp12 to induce stability in lipid vesicles. U. maydis hsp12 deletion mutants exhibited defects in the endocytosis process and delayed completion of the pathogenic life cycle. Therefore, U. maydis Hsp12 contributes to the pathogenic development of the fungus through its ability to relieve proteotoxic stress during infection as well as its membrane‐stabilizing function.
Experimental warming altered plant functional traits and their coordination in a permafrost ecosystem
Authors: Wei Bin , Zhang Dianye , Wang Guanqin , Liu Yang , Li Qinlu , Zheng Zhihu , Yang Guibiao , Peng Yunfeng , Niu Kechang , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: July 2023

Summary

Knowledge about changes in plant functional traits is valuable for the mechanistic understanding of warming effects on ecosystem functions. However, observations have tended to focus on aboveground plant traits, and there is little information about changes in belowground plant traits or the coordination of above‐ and belowground traits under climate warming, particularly in permafrost ecosystems.

Based on a 7‐yr field warming experiment, we measured 26 above‐ and belowground plant traits of four dominant species, and explored community functional composition and trait networks in response to experimental warming in a permafrost ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau.

Experimental warming shifted community‐level functional traits toward more acquisitive values, with earlier green‐up, greater plant height, larger leaves, higher photosynthetic resource‐use efficiency, thinner roots, and greater specific root length and root nutrient concentrations. However, warming had a negligible effect in terms of functional diversity. In addition, warming shifted hub traits which have the highest centrality in the network from specific root area to leaf area.

These results demonstrate that above‐ and belowground traits exhibit consistent adaptive strategies, with more acquisitive traits in warmer environments. Such changes could provide an adaptive advantage for plants in response to environmental change.
GhRCD1 regulates cotton somatic embryogenesis by modulating the GhMYC3–GhMYB44–GhLBD18 transcriptional cascade
Authors: Yuan Jiachen , Liu Xingxing , Zhao Hang , Wang Ye , Wei Xi , Wang Peng , Zhan Jingjing , Liu Lisen , Li Fuguang , Ge Xiaoyang 
Published: July 2023

Summary
Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a multifactorial developmental process where embryos that can develop into whole plants are produced from somatic cells rather than through the fusion of gametes. The molecular regulation of plant SE, which involves the fate transition of somatic cells into embryogenic cells, is intriguing yet remains elusive.
We deciphered the molecular mechanisms by which GhRCD1 interacts with GhMYC3 to regulate cell fate transitions during SE in cotton. While silencing of GhMYC3 had no discernible effect on SE, its overexpression accelerated callus formation, and proliferation.
We identified two of GhMYC3 downstream SE regulators, GhMYB44 and GhLBD18. GhMYB44 overexpression was unconducive to callus growth but bolstered EC differentiation. However, GhLBD18 can be triggered by GhMYC3 but inhibited by GhMYB44, which positively regulates callus growth. On top of the regulatory cascade, GhRCD1 antagonistically interacts with GhMYC3 to inhibit the transcriptional function of GhMYC3 on GhMYB44 and GhLBD18, whereby a CRISPR‐mediated rcd1 mutation expedites cell fate transition, resembling the effects of GhMYC3 overexpression. Furthermore, we showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in SE regulation.
Our findings elucidated that SE homeostasis is maintained by the tetrapartite module, GhRCD1–GhMYC3–GhMYB44–GhLBD18, which acts to modulate intracellular ROS in a temporal manner.
Both‐column Acetabular Fractures with Posterior Wall Involved can be Managed through Single Anterior Approach by Evaluation of Computer‐assisted Virtual Surgery Technique
Authors: Wan Yizhou , Xue Peiran , Chen Kaifang , Yan Dong , Yu Keda , Huang Guixiong , Guo Xiaodong 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivePosterior wall (PW) fractures were sometimes associated in both‐column acetabular fractures. How to evaluate pre‐operatively the necessity for the performance of the posterior approach was an issue to be solved. In order to solve this issue, the computer‐assisted virtual surgery technique was used to evaluate if the involved PW in both‐column acetabular fractures (BACF) should be managed through posterior approach and verify the feasibility of this method.MethodsData of a consecutive cohort of 72 patients with both‐acetabular fractures from January 2012 to January 2020 was collected for retrospective study, of which 44 patients had concomitant acetabular PW fractures, and patients without PW fractures were labeled as the BCAF group. Computer‐assisted virtual surgery technique was performed pre‐operatively to evaluate the necessity for performance of posterior approach in 44 patients, and posterior approach was required if more than 3 mm of displacement was still present in the reduced 3D model. The 23 patients without treatment through posterior approach were labeled as the BCAF‐PW− group, and the 21 patients with treatment through posterior approach were labeled as the BCAF‐PW+ group. Operation‐related and post‐operative parameters were recorded. The quality of reduction and functional outcomes were assessed by the Matta scoring system and modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel scoring system. The measurement data were analyzed using the t‐test of independent samples and rank‐sum test of ranked data between every two groups. Also, the one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze data between the three groups.ResultsComparing operation‐related and post‐operative parameters in the three groups, some PW fractures in both‐column acetabular fractures could be ignored, and which could be evaluated pre‐operatively for necessity of an additional posterior approach. Operative time (271.2 ± 32.8 mins) and intra‐operative blood loss (1176.7 ± 211.1 mL) were significantly higher in the BCAF‐PW+ group. The excellent/good of reduction (25/28 of the BCAF group, 21/23 of the BCAF‐PW− group, 19/21 of the BCAF‐PW+ group) and functional outcomes (24/28 of the BCAF group, 18/23 of the BCAF‐PW− group, 18/21 of the BCAF‐PW+ group) of three groups were similar. The incidence of complications, such as deep vein thrombosis (4/28 of the BCAF group >3/23 of the BCAF‐PW− group >1/21 of the BCAF‐PW+ group) and injury of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (3/23 of the BCAF‐PW− group >2/28 of the BCAF group >0/21 of the BCAF‐PW+ group), was no significant difference.ConclusionThe partial both‐column acetabular fractures with PW involvement could be managed through a single anterior approach without another posterior approach by evaluation of computer‐assisted virtual surgery technique.
Migration and Skewed Subnational Sex Ratios among Young Adults
Authors: Gulczyński Michał 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSkewed sex ratios have been found to increase crime and spread of diseases, as well as influence fertility decisions, gender roles, and economic development. I document the extent to which international and internal migration shape national and subnational sex ratios among young adults (SRYA). For this purpose, I analyze the data from the United Nations’ Urban and Rural Population by Age and Sex and World Population Prospects, focusing on the cohort born between 1975 and 1985 in 200 countries. I find that, while 33 countries have significantly skewed country‐level sex ratios, as many as 107 of the 200 investigated countries have either rural or urban skewed SRYA in 2010. To identify the sources of sex ratio imbalances, I decompose country‐level sex ratios into three factors: sex ratio at birth, relative probability of survival, and sex‐selective migration. I show that without sex‐selective international migration, country‐level SRYA would be balanced in almost all countries of the world. In the third part of the study, I use Eurostat data for European subnational regions. I find a strong log‐linear relationship between sex ratios and population density, that is, relatively more women among young adults as population density increases. Moreover, I show that skewed SRYA can be mainly attributable to sex‐selective migration, rather than to imbalanced sex ratios at birth and differential mortality.
Benefits and challenges of combined pediatrics‐anesthesiology residency programs: A qualitative study
Authors: Nguyen Clarice , Xie James , Brandford Elena , Wang Tammy , Rassbach Caroline E. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe combined pediatrics‐anesthesiology residency program was created in 2011 for trainees interested in careers within both specialties. Prior studies have cited challenges of combined training, but none have systematically identified benefits.AimsOur objective was to describe the perceived educational and professional benefits and challenges of combined pediatrics‐anesthesiology residency programs.MethodsIn this qualitative study using a phenomenological approach, all graduates of combined pediatrics‐anesthesiology residency programs from 2016 to 2021, program directors, associate program directors, and faculty mentors were invited to participate in surveys and interviews. Study members conducted interviews using a semi‐structured interview guide. Each transcript was coded inductively by two authors and themes were developed using thematic analysis through the lens of self‐determination theory.Results43 of 62 graduates and faculty responded to our survey (69% response rate), and 14 graduates and five faculty were interviewed. Survey and interview data represented seven programs, including five currently accredited combined programs. Themes emerged regarding benefits of training: it 1) fosters residents' clinical expertise in managing critically ill and medically complex children; 2) provides residents with exceptional knowledge and skills in communicating between medical and perioperative services; and 3) affords unique academic and career opportunities. Other themes emerged regarding the challenges of long duration of training and transitions between pediatrics and anesthesiology rotations.ConclusionsThis is the first study to describe the perceived educational and professional benefits of combined pediatrics‐anesthesiology residency programs. Combined training affords exceptional clinical competence and autonomy in the management of pediatric patients and the ability to skillfully navigate hospital systems, and leads to robust academic and career opportunities. However, the duration of training and challenging transitions may threaten residents' sense of relatedness to colleagues and peers, and their self‐perceived competence and autonomy. These results can inform mentoring and recruitment of residents to combined pediatrics‐anesthesiology programs and career opportunities for graduates.
Conceptualizing and measuring “punitiveness” in contemporary advanced democracies
Authors: Pfeffer Elizabeth Gordon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article addresses a key political question regarding the relationship between states and their citizens: how harsh are judicial systems in their punishment of those who deviate from the law? Punitiveness is a fraught concept in the existing literature and robust measurement methods maximizing conceptual complexity are lacking. Here I develop a functional approach to punitiveness through a revised conceptualization and operationalization of this key variable while cautioning against the solitary use of incarceration rates to measure state intention. Punitiveness is conceptually disaggregated into three main components: (1) a commitment to punishment over rehabilitation, (2) the degree of harshness of response to crime (i.e., a longer sentence in prison), and (3) the lack of a logical progression of punishment based on the severity of crime committed or intent of the offender. These axes are further disaggregated into measurable indicators to build a novel index of punitiveness (P‐Index) from the legal codes of 26 countries. Ultimately, this rules‐as‐data measure offers researchers purchase on the puzzling variation in punitiveness across contexts, which persists regardless of current and historical crime levels, offering particular utility for supply‐side political‐economic explanations.
Photodynamic therapy in the coadjuvant treatment of Sporothrix schenckii complex
Authors: da Silva Weslay Rodrigues , da Costa Almeida Marcelo Vieira , Gominho Luciana , Albuquerque Antonio Carlos Moura Melo , Cavalcanti Ully Dias Nascimento Távora , Cavalcanti Lúcia de Fátima Santos , Romeiro Kaline 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionSporotrichosis, a zoonosis caused by animal, mainly cat, scratches or bites, is caused by fungi belonging to the Sporothrix complex. Treatment usually consists in antifungal administration, although treatment failure and hepatotoxicity reports have been noted. Alternative sporotrichosis treatment methods, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), may, therefore, be indicated.Case reportIn this context, this study followed a 56‐year‐old male renal transplanted patient displaying disseminated sporotrichosis, presenting erythematous skin lesions with ulcerated backgrounds and hardened consistency on the nose, oral and scalp. The lesions were present for about 2 months and the patient coexisted with cats. Intravenous amphotericin B administration was initiated, and immunosuppression was suspended. Seven aPDT sessions were also performed in 48 h intervals on the oral lesions, employing 0.01% methylene blue gel as the photosensitizing agent. After the 4th aPDT session, the patient was discharged, amphotericin B administration was suspended, and the treatment was continued with itraconazole, without immunosuppression. Red laser was applied to the oral lesions after the 7th aPDT session. Significant lesion improvement was observed after the final aPDT session and complete palate lesion repair was noted after two red laser sessions.ConclusionThese findings indicate that aPDT is a valuable strategy as an adjunct sporotrichosis treatment.
What goes before the CART? Introducing classification trees with Arbor and CODAP
Authors: Erickson Tim , Engel Joachim 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis volume is largely about nontraditional data; this paper is about a nontraditional visualization: classification trees. Using trees with data will be new to many students, so rather than beginning with a computer algorithm that produces optimal trees, we suggest that students first construct their own trees, one node at a time, to explore how they work, and how well. This build‐it‐yourself process is more transparent than using algorithms such as CART; we believe it will help students not only understand the fundamentals of trees, but also better understand tree‐building algorithms when they do encounter them. And because classification is an important task in machine learning, a good foundation in trees can prepare students to better understand that emerging and important field. We also describe a free online tool—Arbor—that students can use to do this, and note some implications for instruction.
Cytomegalovirus Immune reconstitution in cord blood transplant recipients on letermovir prophylaxis
Authors: Abidi Maheen Z. , Molina Kyle C. , Garth Krystle , Gutman Jonathan A. , Weinberg Adriana 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionCytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause significant morbidity and mortality in cord blood transplant (CBT) recipients. Development of CMV‐specific cell‐mediated immunity (CMV‐CMI) has been associated with protection against CMV clinically significant reactivation (CsCMV). In this study, we evaluated CMV‐CMI reconstitution during letermovir prophylactic therapy, which prevents CsCMV without complete suppression of CMV reactivation.MethodsWe measured CMV‐CMI in CMV‐seropositive CBT recipients pre‐transplant after Day+90 of letermovir prophylaxis and at Days +180, and +360‐ post‐transplant using a dual color CMV‐specific IFNγ/IL2 FLUOROSpot. CsCMV and nonCsCMV reactivations were abstracted from medical records. CsCMV was defined as CMV viral load ≥5,000 IU/ml using a whole blood assay.ResultsAmong 70 CBT recipients, 31 developed CMV‐CMI by Day+90 and an additional eight and five participants by Days +180 and +360, respectively. Thirty‐eight participants developed CMV reactivation, including nine with CsCMV. Most reactivations (33 of 38) occurred before Day+180. Early CMV‐CMI was present in six out of nine participants with CsCMV, indicating a lack of protection against CsCMV. Moreover, the magnitude of CMV‐CMI at Day+90 did not differ between participants with CsCMV and nonCsCMV.ConclusionApproximately 50% of CBT recipients reconstituted CMV‐CMI during letermovir prophylactic therapy. However, CMV‐CMI did not reach levels protective against CsCMV. Extension of CMV prophylaxis beyond Day+90 may be considered in CMV‐seropositive CBT recipients.
image