bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow-Induced Vibrations of a Horizontal Elastic Pipe
Authors: Su Heng , Qu Yegao , Peng Zhike 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
This paper is concerned with experimental analyses on the vibration behaviors of a horizontal pipe containing gas–liquid two-phase flow with different flow patterns. The effects of flow patterns and superficial velocities on pressure fluctuations and structural responses are evaluated in detail. Numerical simulations on the fluid–structure interactions within the pipe are carried out using the volume of fluid method and the finite element method. A strongly partitioned coupling method is adopted to ensure the compatibility and equilibrium interface conditions between the fluid and the elastic pipe. The accuracy of the numerical solutions is confirmed by comparing with experimental results. It is found that the fluctuation frequency of the pressure fluctuations of the two-phase flow ranges from 0 Hz to 5 Hz. The standard deviation (STD) value of the pressure fluctuation of the two-phase flow increases with an increase in the superficial liquid velocity, and the maximum magnitude appears in slug flows. The vibration responses of the pipe exhibit strong dependence on the momentum flux of the two-phase flow, which mainly excites the fundamental flexural vibration mode of the pipe. The magnitude of vertical vibration response of the pipe is equal to that of the lateral vibration response, and the vibration response measured at the middle of the pipe does not contain the second-order operating mode. Moreover, the STD value of the structural responses of the pipe increases proportionally with an increase in the gas flowrate, while the predominant vibration frequency of the pipe slightly increases.
Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and young people: an umbrella review
Authors: Bevilacqua Leonardo , Fox-Smith Lana , Lewins Amy , Jetha Poonam , Sideri Athena , Barton Gil , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Beazley Peter 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundOver the past 3 years, a multitude of studies have highlighted the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and young people (CYP). In this umbrella review, we synthesise global evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of CYP from existing systematic reviews with and/or without meta-analysis.MethodsAdopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we evaluated 349 citations and identified 24 eligible reviews with medium to high methodological quality to be reviewed narratively.ResultsMost of the reviews reported a high prevalence of anxiety disorders, depression, suicidal behaviour, eating disorders and other mental health problems. Most studies that used data at multiple time points indicate a significant increase in mental health problems in CYP, particularly in females and older adolescents.ConclusionsMultipronged psychosocial care services, policies and programmes are needed to alleviate the burden of mental health problems in CYP as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated global health measures.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021276312.
Wind pressure on a 45° gabled roof: verifying code provisions with field measurements and wind tunnel data
Authors: Chavez M. , Baskaran A. , Aldoum M. , Stathopoulos T. , Geleta T.N. , Bitsuamlak G.T. 
Published: August 2023

The wind load provisions for gabled roofs with a slope of 27° < α < 45° in the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC) were derived from wind tunnel studies conducted in the 1970s. The coefficients have remained basically unchanged until this time. The paper presents the results of full-scale measurements and wind tunnel experiments to verify the necessity to update the current NBCC provisions. A full-scale building with a gabled roof of 45° was instrumented with pressure taps, and the wind load was monitored for 15 months. Special attention is given to the roof overhang by considering the simultaneous pressure contribution from both the upper and lower surfaces. The building and surroundings were replicated at a wind tunnel scale and investigated by Concordia University and Western University. Based on these three sources of data, the study concluded that the corner and edge provisions for both cases—a roof with and without overhang—need to be increased. It is suggested to merge the corner and edge into a single “perimeter” load provision. This code simplification would help the roofing industry to reduce misleading interpretations of the code and minimize failure due to installation errors.
Three generations of colored fermions with $$S_3$$ family symmetry from Cayley–Dickson sedenions
Authors: Gresnigt Niels , Gourlay Liam , Varma Abhinav 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAn algebraic representation of three generations of fermions with $$SU(3)_C$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

color symmetry based on the Cayley–Dickson algebra of sedenions $${\mathbb {S}}$$
S
is constructed. Recent constructions based on division algebras convincingly describe a single generation of leptons and quarks with Standard Model gauge symmetries. Nonetheless, an algebraic origin for the existence of exactly three generations has proven difficult to substantiate. We motivate $$\mathbb {S}$$
S
as a natural algebraic candidate to describe three generations with $$SU(3)_C$$

S
U

(
3
)

C

gauge symmetry. We initially represent one generation of leptons and quarks in terms of two minimal left ideals of $$\mathbb {C}\ell (6)$$

C
ℓ
(
6
)

, generated from a subset of all left actions of the complex sedenions on themselves. Subsequently we employ the $$S_3$$

S
3

automorphism of order three, which is an automorphism of $$\mathbb {S}$$
S
but not of $$\mathbb {O}$$
O
, to generate two additional generations. Given the relative obscurity of sedenions, efforts have been made to present the material in a self-contained manner.
Inhibition of NAD+-Dependent Metabolic Processes Induces Cellular Necrosis and Tumor Regression in Rhabdomyosarcoma Models
Authors: McKay-Corkum Grace B. , Collins Victor J. , Yeung Choh , Ito Takeshi , Issaq Sameer H. , Holland David , Vulikh Ksenia , Zhang Yiping , Lee Unsun , Lei Haiyan , Mendoza Arnulfo , Shern Jack F. , Yohe Marielle E. , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Wilson Kelli , Ji Jiuping , Karim Baktiar O. , Thomas Craig J. , Krishna Murali C. , Neckers Leonard M. , Heske Christine M. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Deregulated metabolism in cancer cells represents a vulnerability that may be therapeutically exploited to benefit patients. One such target is nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway. NAMPT is necessary for efficient NAD+ production and may be exploited in cells with increased metabolic demands. We have identified NAMPT as a dependency in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a malignancy for which novel therapies are critically needed. Here we describe the effect of NAMPT inhibition on RMS proliferation and metabolism in vitro and in vivo.

Experimental Design:
Assays of proliferation and cell death were used to determine the effects of pharmacologic NAMPT inhibition in a panel of ten molecularly diverse RMS cell lines. Mechanism of the clinical NAMPTi OT-82 was determined using measures of NAD+ and downstream NAD+-dependent functions, including energy metabolism. We used orthotopic xenograft models to examine tolerability, efficacy, and drug mechanism in vivo.

Results:
Across all ten RMS cell lines, OT-82 depleted NAD+ and inhibited cell growth at concentrations ≤1 nmol/L. Significant impairment of glycolysis was a universal finding, with some cell lines also exhibiting diminished oxidative phosphorylation. Most cell lines experienced profound depletion of ATP with subsequent irreversible necrotic cell death. Importantly, loss of NAD and glycolytic activity were confirmed in orthotopic in vivo models, which exhibited complete tumor regressions with OT-82 treatment delivered on the clinical schedule.

Conclusions:
RMS is highly vulnerable to NAMPT inhibition. These findings underscore the need for further clinical study of this class of agents for this malignancy.
Cortical changes during the learning of sequences of simultaneous finger presses
Authors: Garzón Benjamín , Helms Gunther , Olsson Hampus , Brozzoli Claudio , Ullén Fredrik , Diedrichsen Jörn , Lövdén Martin 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The cortical alterations underpinning the acquisition of motor skills remain debated. In this longitudinal study in younger adults, we acquired performance and neuroimaging (7 T MRI) measures weekly over the course of 6 weeks to investigate neural changes associated with learning sequences of simultaneous finger presses executed with the non-dominant hand. Both the intervention group (n = 33), which practiced the finger sequences at home, and the control group (n = 30, no home practice) showed general performance improvements, but performance improved more and became more consistent for sequences that were intensively trained by the intervention group, relative to those that were not. Brain activity for trained sequences decreased compared with untrained sequences in the bilateral parietal and premotor cortices. No training-related changes in the primary sensorimotor areas were detected. The similarity of activation patterns between trained and untrained sequences decreased in secondary, but not primary, sensorimotor areas, while the similarity of the activation patterns between different trained sequences did not show reliable changes. Neither the variability of activation patterns across trials, nor the estimates of brain structure displayed practice-related changes that reached statistical significance. Overall, the main correlate of learning configural sequences was a reduction in brain activity in secondary motor areas.
Understanding the Drivers of Drought Onset and Intensification in the Canadian Prairies: Insights from Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
Authors: Mardian Jacob , Champagne Catherine , Bonsal Barrie , Berg Aaron 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and explainable AI (XAI) have created opportunities to better predict and understand drought processes. This study uses a machine learning approach for understanding the drivers of drought severity and extent in the Canadian Prairies from 2005 to 2019 using climate and satellite data. The model is trained on the Canadian Drought Monitor (CDM), an extensive dataset produced by expert analysis of drought impacts across various sectors that enables a more comprehensive understanding of drought. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) is used to understand model predictions during emerging or worsening drought conditions, providing insight into the key determinants of drought. The results demonstrate the importance of capturing spatiotemporal autocorrelation structures for accurate drought characterization and elucidates the drought time scales and thresholds that optimally separate each CDM severity category. In general, there is a positive relationship between the severity of drought and the time scale of the anomalies. However, high-severity droughts are also more complex and driven by a multitude of factors. It was found that satellite-based evaporative stress index (ESI), soil moisture, and groundwater were effective predictors of drought onset and intensification. Similarly, anomalous phases of large-scale atmosphere–ocean dynamics exhibit teleconnections with Prairie drought. Overall, this investigation provides a better understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for drought in the Prairies, provides data-driven thresholds for estimating drought severity that could improve future drought assessments, and offers a set of early warning indicators that may be useful for drought adaptation and mitigation.

Significance Statement
This work is significant because it identifies drivers of drought onset and intensification in an agriculturally and economically important region of Canada. This information can be used in the future to improve early warning for adaptation and mitigation. It also uses state-of-the-art machine learning techniques to understand drought, including a novel approach called SHAP probability values to improve interpretability. This provides evidence that machine learning models are not black boxes and should be more widely considered for understanding drought and other hydrometeorological phenomena.
The Mediating Role of Job Stress Between Organizational Climate and Work Alienation Among Nurses in Emergency Departments: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Li Na , Li Yan , Wang Jinfang , Kong Chang , Qin Yuting , Liu Jinfeng 
Published: August 2023

Background: Nurses suffer a certain degree of work alienation (a psychological state in which employees feel separated from their jobs because the jobs do not meet the needs of employees or do not match their expectations). It is necessary to identify predictors of work alienation and find effective interventions. Objective: To explore the influence of organizational climate and job stress on work alienation among nurses in emergency departments. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from June to August 2022. A convenience sampling method was adopted to invite 342 nurses from emergency departments in 12 tertiary public hospitals in 4 cities in China. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires on organizational climate, job stress, and work alienation. Path analysis implemented by IBM AMOS 21.0 was used to explore the associations among organizational climate, job stress, and work alienation. Results: Job stress can positively affect work alienation among nurses in emergency departments (β = 0.44, P < .01). Organizational climate can directly and negatively affect work alienation (β = −0.33, P < .01); it can also negatively and indirectly affect work alienation through job stress (β = −0.20, 95% confidence interval: −0.252 to −0.146). Conclusions: Job stress partially mediated the effect of organizational climate on work alienation among nurses in emergency departments. The findings provided a valuable perspective on predictors of work alienation among emergency department nurses.
New Method to Assess Sagittal Jaw Position: TWM and TWG Angles: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Bishnoi Anita , Kamat Nandini V. 
Published: August 2023

Aim The aim of the study was to develop new cephalometric angles TWM (T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, M-maxillary point) and TWG (T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, G point-center of mandibular symphysis) and to assess and evaluate the newly developed angles in determining the maxillary and mandibular sagittal position, respectively. Materials and Methods Ninety pretreatment lateral cephalograms from the records of Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics were traced and divided equally into three groups as class I, class II, and class III based on cephalometric values of ANB angle and WITS appraisal. Further for each radiograph, angles such as SNA, TWM, SNB, and TWG were measured and recorded. The TWM angle (Maxilla) was formed using the points T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, M-maxillary point, and the TWG angle (mandible) was formed using the points T-Tuberculum sella, W-wing point, G point-center of mandibular symphysis. Results The mean values of TWM and TWG angles for the class I group were 120.1°± 3.6° and 101.4 ± 3.7°, respectively. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Tukey post hoc testing to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of the three groups. A p value ≤ .05 was considered to be statistically significant. Pearson correlation test revealed a strong correlation between SNA and TWM angles and similarly between SNB and TWG angles. Conclusion The two new angles, TWM for maxilla and TWG for mandible established, can be used as an alternative for assessing the sagittal position of the jaw bases and will give a clearer picture, as stable and reproducible landmarks are used.
The Planning Mind – The Spirit of Japan's Political Economy
Authors: Sheridan Kyoko 
Published: August 2023

From the mid 1940s Japan's economy was transformed from semi-industrialised to a modern industrial state. In that time the economic drive was supported by almost thirty years of high growth and was then maintained through the subsequent steady growth environment following the oil crisis in 1972. But now in 1995 the economy is struggling to restore its once well defined purpose and closely sustained vitality. There is pressure at home for Japan to deregulate and withdraw its public planning in favour of entrepreneurial spirits that some see as the only force able to lead the economy to the next stage of expansion. Abroad, there are similar pressures aiming to penetrate Japan's affluent market by reducing the government's influence in economic planning. With such conjectures I interviewed 71 selected senior officers from the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) in Tokyo over the period from 1991 to 1993. I wanted to understand their own views on economic planning and reveal the intricacies of the ‘planning mind'. My analysis of the interviews is still in progress. However, I can report that the planning mind (at least in MITI) is still intact. It is searching for a new direction with the scope to make it effective in the changing policy environment. MITI officials are still searching for ways to maintain economic dynamism and growth, but MITI's traditional industry structure policy is being replaced with a new focus on restructuring norms across all aspects of life. The issues of the improvement of quality of life and creating wealth have become central to the well organised work process.
Feasibility of OptiMaL, a Self-Management Programme for Oesophageal Cancer Survivors
Authors: King Eilish , Algeo Naomi , Connolly Deirdre 
Published: August 2023

Introduction There is limited availability of self-management interventions for oesophageal cancer survivors at present. This study examined the feasibility of OptiMal, a six-week, self-management programme to improve fatigue, mood and health-related quality of life for oesophageal cancer survivors. Methods A mixed methods design was used to evaluate the feasibility of OptiMal. The quantitative arm of the study examined changes in the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the EQ-5D-3L, administered prior to OptiMal (T1), immediately following completion of OptiMal (T2), and three months following completion (T3). Qualitative inquiry in the study was guided by a qualitative descriptive approach through focus groups investigating the experiences of group participants, and individual semi-structured interviews at T3. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results Two OptiMal programmes were delivered over a six-month period with a total of fourteen individuals who had finished treatment for oesophageal cancer. The attendance rate was 89.3%. Statistically significant reductions were observed in fatigue, difficulty performing usual activities, anxiety and depression at three-month follow-up. Qualitative findings identified acceptability of the content and delivery format of OptiMal. Participants reported applying self-management strategies acquired through OptiMal to increase participation in daily activities and improve their health and well-being. Conclusions This feasibility study yielded promising results in terms of self-management outcomes for oesophageal cancer survivors following attendance of OptiMal. Larger scale research studies with control groups are warranted to examine the outcomes in a robust manner.
A Comprehensive Analysis of the PI3K/AKT Pathway: Unveiling Key Proteins and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer Treatment
Authors: Fadhal Emad 
Published: August 2023

Background: Cancer development and progression involve a complex network of pathways among which certain pathways play a pivotal role in promoting tumor growth and survival. An important pathway in this context is the PI3K/AKT pathway, which regulates crucial cellular processes including proliferation, viability, and metabolic regulation. Dysregulation of this pathway has been strongly linked to the development of various types of cancers. Consequently, it is imperative to identify the key proteins within this pathway as potential targets for impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Results: One of the key findings of this study was the identification of signaling proteins that dominate various forms of PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, proteins play critical roles in cancer networks, acting as oncogenes that promote cancer development or as tumor suppressor genes that inhibit tumor growth. This study identified several genes, including KIT, ERBB2, PDGFRA, MET, FGFR2, and FGFR3, which are involved in various types of the PI3K/Akt pathways. Additionally, this study identified 55 proteins that are commonly found in various forms of PI3K/Akt, and these proteins play crucial roles in regulating various biological functions. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of identifying key proteins involved in the PI3K/AKT pathway. In this study, we identified several genes involved in different pathways that play essential roles in the activation, signaling, and regulation of the pathway. Understanding the proteins participating in the PI3K/AKT pathway is vital for the development of targeted therapies, not only for cancer but also for other related diseases. By elucidating their roles and functions, this study contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field and paves the way for the development of effective treatments targeting this pathway.
Phantom Limb Pain and Painful Neuroma After Dysvascular Lower-Extremity Amputation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Langeveld Mirte , Bosman Romy , Hundepool Caroline A. , Duraku Liron S. , McGhee Christopher , Zuidam J. Michiel , Barker Tom , Juszczak Maciej , Power Dominic M. 
Published: August 2023

Background Phantom limb pain (PLP) and symptomatic neuroma can be debilitating and significantly impact the quality of life of amputees. However, the prevalence of PLP and symptomatic neuromas in patients following dysvascular lower limb amputation (LLA) has not been reliably established. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the prevalence and incidence of phantom limb pain and symptomatic neuroma after dysvascular LLA. Methods Four databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science) were searched on October 5th, 2022. Prospective or retrospective observational cohort studies or cross-sectional studies reporting either the prevalence or incidence of phantom limb pain and/or symptomatic neuroma following dysvascular LLA were identified. Two reviewers independently conducted the screening, data extraction, and the risk of bias assessment according to the PRISMA guidelines. To estimate the prevalence of phantom limb pain, a meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed. Results Twelve articles were included in the quantitative analysis, including 1924 amputees. A meta-analysis demonstrated that 69% of patients after dysvascular LLA experience phantom limb pain (95% CI 53-86%). The reported pain intensity on a scale from 0-10 in LLA patients ranged between 2.3 ± 1.4 and 5.5 ± .7. A single study reported an incidence of symptomatic neuroma following dysvascular LLA of 5%. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates the high prevalence of phantom limb pain after dysvascular LLA. Given the often prolonged and disabling nature of neuropathic pain and the difficulties managing it, more consideration needs to be given to strategies to prevent it at the time of amputation.