bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herausforderungen der aktuellen Evaluationspraxis in der Wissenschaftskommunikation in Deutschland
Authors: Ziegler Ricarda , Hedder Imke , Fischer Liliann 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungEvaluationen bieten einen wichtigen Mehrwert für Wissenschaftskommunikation, denn anhand ihrer Ergebnisse lässt diese sich zukünftig zielorientiert und effektiv gestalten. Zur Zeit steht die Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation in Deutschland allerdings noch vor Herausforderungen. So ergeben sich bereits vor Beginn der Evaluationen Probleme durch fehlende strategische Planung von Wissenschaftskommunikation. Darüber hinaus mangelt es bei Evaluationen oft an passenden Evaluationsdesigns und geeigneten Datenerhebungsmethoden. Zu guter Letzt erschwert das in der deutschen Wissenschaftskommunikationspraxis vorherrschende Bild von Evaluation einen kollektiven und konstruktiven Lernprozess für die Wissenschaftskommunikation. Diese Herausforderungen gilt es zu überwinden, damit Evaluation als kollektiver Reflexionsprozess zur konstruktiven Weiterentwicklung von Wissenschaftskommunikation beitragen kann.
Praxisbeitrag: Multimethodenansatz in der Evaluation am Beispiel der Dialogveranstaltung „Mensch Wissenschaft!“
Authors: Gabriel Markus , Kessel Isabella , Quast Thomas , Roth Eva 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungMit „Mensch Wissenschaft!“ hat die Robert Bosch Stiftung in einem mehrstufigen und durch eine Evaluation begleiteten Verfahren ein dialogisches und partizipatives Angebot der Wissenschaftskommunikation entwickelt. Dabei handelt es sich um eine zweitägige Veranstaltung mit dem Ziel, einen gleichberechtigten Dialog zwischen Bürger:innen und Wissenschaftler:innen zu initiieren und auf diese Weise gegenseitiges Verständnis und Vertrauen zu fördern. Das Angebot ist als Blaupause für Dialogformate zwischen Bürger:innen und Wissenschaftler:innen gedacht. Die begleitende formative Evaluation ist ein praxisorientiertes Beispiel für den Einsatz verschiedener aufeinander abgestimmter und verschränkter (quantitativer und qualitativer) Methoden in einem Evaluationsvorhaben, auch im engeren Sinne eines Multimethoden-Forschungsansatzes- oder Mixed-Method-Designs. Der Beitrag gibt zudem eine kurze theoretische Einführung in das Thema multimethodischer bzw. Mixed-Method-Designs.
Grundlagenbeitrag: Quantitative Befragungen
Authors: Böhmert Christoph , Abacioglu Ferdinand 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDie quantitative Befragung ermöglicht eine effiziente Erhebung und Auswertung großer Mengen an Daten und hat somit ihren festen Platz im Methodenkanon vieler empirischer Wissenschaften. Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich im Rahmen der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation mit den Grundlagen dieses Erhebungsverfahrens auseinander und geht dabei zunächst auf wesentliche Merkmale und Klassifizierungsmöglichkeiten der Methode ein. In Hinblick auf Konzeption und Durchführung werden dann zentrale Anforderungen an das entsprechende Messinstrument, sowie die grundlegenden Eigenschaften von Messskalen und Antwortformaten dargelegt. Der Beitrag gibt zudem praktische Hinweise für die Verwendung von Ratingskalen und schließt mit einer Zusammenfassung bewährter Praktiken bei der allgemeinen Fragenkonstruktion.
Beobachtungen in der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation
Authors: Weiß André 
Published: March 2023

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag zeigt grundlegende Kriterien der sozialwissenschaftlichen Methode der Beobachtung auf und ordnet ihr Potenzial im Rahmen der Evaluation von Wissenschaftskommunikation ein. Der Beitrag geht dabei hauptsächlich auf eventbezogene Formate der externen Wissenschaftskommunikation ein, nennt aber auch Potenziale der (teilnehmenden) Beobachtung bei der Evaluation der Entstehung journalistischer Formate oder im Rahmen interner Wissenschaftskommunikation. Es wird insbesondere zwischen qualitativ und quantitativ ausgeprägten Formen der Beobachtung unterschieden und dargelegt, welche Schritte für eine erfolgreiche Durchführung zu beachten sind. Dabei werden auch Probleme und Herausforderungen bei der Anwendung der Methode genannt, derer durch die Beachtung bestimmter Gütekriterien vorgebeugt werden kann. Abschließend nennt der Beitrag Anwendungsszenarios und Beispiele für Beobachtungen im Rahmen von evaluativer Wissenschaftskommunikationsforschung.
Magnetic stimulation in the treatment of female urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review
Authors: Antić Anja , Pavčnik Maja , Lukanović Adolf , Matjašič Miha , Lukanović David 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
This systematic review analyzes published studies about magnetic stimulation (MS) treatment for UUI and determines whether this treatment is effective and non-invasive.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. The international standard for reporting results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) was used to guide the methodology of this systematic review. The key search terms were as follows: “magnetic stimulation” and “urinary incontinence.” We limited the time frame to articles published from 1998, when the FDA approved MS as a conservative treatment option for UI. The last search was performed on 5 August 2022.

Results
Two authors independently reviewed 234 article titles and abstracts, of which only 5 fitted the inclusion criteria. All 5 studies included women with UUI, but every study had different diagnostic and entry criteria for patients. They also differed in their treatment regimens and methodological approaches to assessing the efficacy of treating UUI with MS, which made it impossible to compare the results. Nonetheless, all five studies established that MS is an effective and non-invasive way of treating UUI.

Conclusions
The systematic literature review led to the conclusion that MS is an effective and conservative way of treating UUI. Despite this, literature in this area is lacking. Further randomized controlled trials are needed, with standardized entry criteria, UUI diagnostics, MS programs, and standardized protocols to measure the efficacy of MS in UUI treatment, with a longer follow-up period for post-treatment patients.
The critical 2d Stochastic Heat Flow
Authors: Caravenna Francesco , Sun Rongfeng , Zygouras Nikos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWe consider directed polymers in random environment in the critical dimension $$d = 2$$

d
=
2

, focusing on the intermediate disorder regime when the model undergoes a phase transition. We prove that, at criticality, the diffusively rescaled random field of partition functions has a unique scaling limit: a universal process of random measures on $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

with logarithmic correlations, which we call the Critical 2d Stochastic Heat Flow. It is the natural candidate for the long sought solution of the critical 2d Stochastic Heat Equation with multiplicative space-time white noise.
Fit-Seq2.0: An Improved Software for High-Throughput Fitness Measurements Using Pooled Competition Assays
Authors: Li Fangfei , Tarkington Jason , Sherlock Gavin 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The fitness of a genotype is defined as its lifetime reproductive success, with fitness itself being a composite trait likely dependent on many underlying phenotypes. Measuring fitness is important for understanding how alteration of different cellular components affects a cell’s ability to reproduce. Here, we describe an improved approach, implemented in Python, for estimating fitness in high throughput via pooled competition assays.
Efficacy of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in metastatic neuroendocrine neoplasms of different locations: data from the SEPTRALU study
Authors: Mitjavila Mercedes , Jimenez-Fonseca Paula , Belló Pilar , Pubul Virginia , Percovich Juan Carlos , Garcia-Burillo Amparo , Hernando Jorge , Arbizu Javier , Rodeño Emilia , Estorch Montserrat , Llana Belén , Castellón Maribel , García-Cañamaque Lina , Gajate Pablo , Riesco Maria Carmen , Miguel Maria Begoña , Balaguer-Muñoz David , Custodio Ana , Cano Juana María , Repetto Alexandra , Garcia-Alonso Pilar , Muros Maria Angustias , Vercher-Conejero Jose Luis , Carmona-Bayonas Alberto 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Nevertheless, its role in certain tumor sites remains unclear. This study sought to elucidate the efficacy and safety of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in NENs with different locations and evaluate the effect of the tumor origin, bearing in mind other prognostic variables. Advanced NENs overexpressing somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) on functional imaging, of any grade or location, treated at 24 centers were enrolled. The protocol consisted of four cycles of 177Lu-DOTATATE 7.4 GBq iv every 8 weeks (NCT04949282).

Results
The sample comprised 522 subjects with pancreatic (35%), midgut (28%), bronchopulmonary (11%), pheochromocytoma/ paraganglioma (PPGL) (6%), other gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) (11%), and other non-gastroenteropancreatic (NGEP) (9%) NENs. The best RECIST 1.1 responses were complete response, 0.7%; partial response, 33.2%; stable disease, 52.1%; and tumor progression, 14%, with activity conditioned by the tumor subtype, but with benefit in all strata. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 31.3 months (95% CI, 25.7–not reached [NR]) in midgut, 30.6 months (14.4-NR) in PPGL, 24.3 months (18.0-NR) in other GEP, 20.5 months (11.8-NR) in other NGEP, 19.8 months (16.8–28.1) in pancreatic, and 17.6 months (14.4–33.1) in bronchopulmonary NENs. [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE exhibited scant severe toxicity.

Conclusion
This study confirms the efficacy and safety of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in a wide range of SSTR-expressing NENs, regardless of location, with clinical benefit and superimposable survival outcomes between pNENs and other GEP and NGEP tumor subtypes different from midgut NENs.
Cumulative response of Tempranillo vines to the crop forcing technique and pre-forcing and post-veraison water stress in terms of yield and grape and wine quality
Authors: Oliver-Manera Jordi , García-Tejera Omar , Mata Mercè , Girona Joan 
Published: March 2023

AbstractElevated temperatures during berry ripening are detrimental to grape quality. The crop forcing technique (summer pruning that ‘forces’ the vine to start a new cycle) increases must acidity and malic acid concentration at harvest by delaying the date of veraison. However, little information is available on the sensitivity to water stress of forced vines. A 3-year trial was conducted to test three irrigation strategies in forced vines: a minimum threshold of mid-day stem water potential (Ψs) of −0.75 MPa before forcing (DI), a minimum Ψs threshold of −1.2 MPa only after veraison (RDI), and the combination of both treatments (DI + RDI). Results were compared to a non-forced treatment with a minimum Ψs threshold of −1.2 MPa after veraison (C-RDI). Must acidity increased, and pH decreased in the forced treatments. However, yield was reduced by 35% and irrigation requirements increased by 20% when comparing forced and unforced treatments. As a result, water use efficiency was reduced in forced treatments. Only after a dry spring did the, DI (11%) and DI + RDI (30%) treatments, save water compared to the C-RDI treatment. Moreover, although Ψs before forcing never fell below −0.75 MPa, a significant negative correlation (R2 = 0.76) was found between the integral of water stress before the vines were forced and the number of forced bunches per vine. Post-veraison water stress in forced vines reduced the polyphenol content of the wine. Our findings suggest that forced vines are extremely sensitive to even mild water stress.
Intraoperative 3D imaging in plate osteosynthesis of proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Böhringer Alexander , Cintean Raffael , Eickhoff Alexander , Gebhard Florian , Schütze Konrad 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Introduction
Proximal humerus fractures are common and often associated with osteoporosis in the elderly. Unfortunately, the complication and revision rate for joint-preserving surgical treatment using locking plate osteosynthesis is still high. Problems include insufficient fracture reduction and implant misplacement. Using conventional intraoperative two dimensional (2D) X-ray imaging control in only two planes, a completely error-free assessment is not possible.

Materials and methods
The feasibility of intraoperative three-dimensional (3D) imaging control for locking plate osteosynthesis with screw tip cement augmentation of proximal humerus fractures was retrospectively studied in 14 cases with an isocentric mobile C-arm image intensifier set up parasagittal to the patients.

Results
The intraoperative digital volume tomography (DVT) scans were feasible in all cases and showed excellent image quality. One patient showed inadequate fracture reduction in the imaging control, which then could be corrected. In another patient, a protruding head screw was detected, which could be replaced before augmentation. Cement distribution in the humeral head was consistent around the screw tips with no leakage into the joint.

Conclusion
This study shows that insufficient fracture reduction and implant misplacement can be easily and reliably detected by intraoperative DVT scan with an isocentric mobile C-arm set up in the usual parasagittal position to the patient.
The Efficacy and Safety of Gefapixant in a Phase 3b Trial of Patients with Recent-Onset Chronic Cough
Authors: McGarvey Lorcan , Sher Mandel , Shvarts Yury Grigorievich , Lu Susan , Wu Wen-Chi , Xu Ping , Schelfhout Jonathan , La Rosa Carmen , Nguyen Allison Martin , Reyfman Paul A. , Afzal Amna Sadaf 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We evaluated gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in participants with recent-onset (≤ 12 months) refractory chronic cough (RCC) or unexplained chronic cough (UCC).

Methods
Participants (≥ 18 years of age; ≥ 40 mm on a 100-mm cough severity visual analog scale [VAS] at screening and randomization) with chronic cough for < 12 months were enrolled in this phase 3b, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, multicenter study (NCT04193202). Participants were randomized 1:1 to gefapixant 45 mg BID or placebo for 12 weeks with a 2-week follow-up. The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline at Week 12 in Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) total score. Adverse events were monitored and evaluated.

Results
There were 415 participants randomized and treated (mean age 52.5 years; median [range] duration 7.5 [1–12] months): 209 received placebo and 206 received gefapixant 45 mg BID. A statistically significant treatment difference of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.06, 1.44; p = 0.034) for gefapixant vs. placebo was observed for change from baseline in LCQ total score at Week 12. The most common AE was dysgeusia (32% gefapixant vs. 3% placebo participants); serious AEs were rare (1.5% gefapixant vs. 1.9% placebo participants).

Conclusion
Gefapixant 45 mg BID demonstrated significantly greater improvement in cough-specific health status from baseline compared to placebo, in participants with recent-onset chronic cough. The most common AEs were related to taste and serious AEs were rare.
TOP-PIC: a new tool to optimize pharmacotherapy and reduce polypharmacy in patients with incurable cancer
Authors: Strassl Irene , Windhager Armin , Machherndl-Spandl Sigrid , Buxhofer-Ausch Veronika , Stiefel Olga , Weltermann Ansgar 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Polypharmacy is a significant problem in patients with incurable cancer and a method to optimize pharmacotherapy in this patient group is lacking. Therefore, a drug optimization tool was developed and tested in a pilot test.

Methods
A multidisciplinary team of health professionals developed a “Tool to Optimize Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Incurable Cancer” (TOP-PIC) for patients with a limited life expectancy. The tool consists of five sequential steps to optimize medications, including medication history, screening for medication appropriateness and drug interactions, a benefit–risk assessment using the TOP-PIC Disease-based list, and shared decision-making with the patient. For pilot testing of the tool, 8 patient cases with polypharmacy were analyzed by 11 oncologists before and after training with the TOP-PIC tool.

Results
TOP-PIC was considered helpful by all oncologists during the pilot test. The median additional time required to administer the tool was 2 min per patient (P < 0.001). For 17.4% of all medications, different decisions were made by using TOP-PIC. Among possible treatment decisions (discontinuation, reduction, increase, replacement, or addition of a drug), discontinuation of medications was the most common. Without TOP-PIC, physicians were uncertain in 9.3% of medication changes, compared with only 4.8% after using TOP-PIC (P = 0.001). The TOP-PIC Disease-based list was considered helpful by 94.5% of oncologists.

Conclusions
TOP-PIC provides a detailed, disease-based benefit–risk assessment with recommendations specific for cancer patients with limited life expectancy. Based on the results of the pilot study, the tool seems practicable for day-to-day clinical decision-making and provides evidence-based facts to optimize pharmacotherapy.
Social media bot detection with deep learning methods: a systematic review
Authors: Hayawi Kadhim , Saha Susmita , Masud Mohammad Mehedy , Mathew Sujith Samuel , Kaosar Mohammed 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSocial bots are automated social media accounts governed by software and controlled by humans at the backend. Some bots have good purposes, such as automatically posting information about news and even to provide help during emergencies. Nevertheless, bots have also been used for malicious purposes, such as for posting fake news or rumour spreading or manipulating political campaigns. There are existing mechanisms that allow for detection and removal of malicious bots automatically. However, the bot landscape changes as the bot creators use more sophisticated methods to avoid being detected. Therefore, new mechanisms for discerning between legitimate and bot accounts are much needed. Over the past few years, a few review studies contributed to the social media bot detection research by presenting a comprehensive survey on various detection methods including cutting-edge solutions like machine learning (ML)/deep learning (DL) techniques. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the first one to only highlight the DL techniques and compare the motivation/effectiveness of these techniques among themselves and over other methods, especially the traditional ML ones. We present here a refined taxonomy of the features used in DL studies and details about the associated pre-processing strategies required to make suitable training data for a DL model. We summarize the gaps addressed by the review papers that mentioned about DL/ML studies to provide future directions in this field. Overall, DL techniques turn out to be computation and time efficient techniques for social bot detection with better or compatible performance as traditional ML techniques.
Explainable reinforcement learning for broad-XAI: a conceptual framework and survey
Authors: Dazeley Richard , Vamplew Peter , Cruz Francisco 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBroad-XAI moves away from interpreting individual decisions based on a single datum and aims to provide integrated explanations from multiple machine learning algorithms into a coherent explanation of an agent’s behaviour that is aligned to the communication needs of the explainee. Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, we propose, provide a potential backbone for the cognitive model required for the development of Broad-XAI. RL represents a suite of approaches that have had increasing success in solving a range of sequential decision-making problems. However, these algorithms operate as black-box problem solvers, where they obfuscate their decision-making policy through a complex array of values and functions. EXplainable RL (XRL) aims to develop techniques to extract concepts from the agent’s: perception of the environment; intrinsic/extrinsic motivations/beliefs; Q-values, goals and objectives. This paper aims to introduce the Causal XRL Framework (CXF), that unifies the current XRL research and uses RL as a backbone to the development of Broad-XAI. CXF is designed to incorporate many standard RL extensions and integrated with external ontologies and communication facilities so that the agent can answer questions that explain outcomes its decisions. This paper aims to: establish XRL as a distinct branch of XAI; introduce a conceptual framework for XRL; review existing approaches explaining agent behaviour; and identify opportunities for future research. Finally, this paper discusses how additional information can be extracted and ultimately integrated into models of communication, facilitating the development of Broad-XAI.
Resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in a KPC-2–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae caused by the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase VEB-25
Authors: Findlay Jacqueline , Poirel Laurent , Bouvier Maxime , Gaia Valeria , Nordmann Patrice 
Published: March 2023

AbstractCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, including KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, represent a major threat to public health due to their rapid spread. The beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combination ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) has recently been introduced and shown to exhibit excellent activity toward multidrug-resistant KPC-producing Enterobacterales strains. However, CAZ-AVI-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates are being increasingly reported, mostly corresponding to producers of KPC variants that confer resistance to CAZ-AVI but at a cost of carbapenem resistance. We have characterized here, both phenotypically and genotypically, a clinical CAZ-AVI- and carbapenem-resistant KPC-2 K. pneumoniae isolate co-producing the inhibitor-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase VEB-25.
The long-term efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication with Medigus Ultrasonic Surgical Endostapler (MUSE) for gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Shen Shien , Yu Ge , Guo Xingya , Zong Guanzhao , Wang Chuanyang , Bao Jingpiao , Chen Jiahui , Cheng Zhiyuan , Xiao Wenqin , Shen Jie , Jiang Weiliang , Wan Rong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the long-term efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) with Medigus Ultrasonic Surgical Endostapler (MUSE) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods
A total of 16 patients with proton pump inhibitor-dependent gastroesophageal reflux disease had undergone TIF by MUSE in Shanghai General Hospital （Shanghai, China）from March 2017 to December 2018. Patients were followed up at 6 months, and the GERD-health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire score, the GERD questionnaire (GERD-Q) score, high-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) and 24 h esophageal pH parameters, the Hill grade of the gastroesophageal flap valve (GEFV) and daily Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) consumption before and after procedure were compared. Patients also were followed up at 3 years and 5 years using a structured questionnaire via phone which evaluated symptoms of reflux, dose of PPI medication and side effects.

Results
Follow-up data were collected from 13 patients, ranging from 38 to 63 months, 53 months on average. 10/13 patients reported symptomatic improvement and daily PPI consumption was stopped or halved in 11/13. After procedure, the mean scores of GERD-HRQL and GERD-Q were significantly increased. The mean DeMeester score, the mean acid exposure time percentage and the mean number of acid reflux episodes were significantly lower. The mean rest pressure at lower esophageal sphincter (LES) had no significant difference.

Conclusion
TIF by MUSE has significant efficacy in the treatment of PPI-dependent GERD, which can improve symptoms and life quality of patients, and reduce the acid exposure time for long-term. Chictr.org.cn.

Trial Registration
ChiCTR2000034350.