bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving performance of SYCL applications on CPU architectures using LLVM‐directed compilation flow
Authors: Ghiglio Pietro , Dolinsky Uwe , Goli Mehdi , Narasimhan Kumudha 
Published: May 2023

SummaryThe wide adoption of SYCL as an open‐standard API for accelerating C++ software in domains such as HPC, automotive, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other areas necessitates efficient compiler and runtime support for a growing number of different platforms. Existing SYCL implementations provide support for various devices like CPUs, GPUs, DSPs, FPGAs and so forth, typically via OpenCL or CUDA backends. While accelerators have increased the performance of user applications significantly, employing CPU devices for further performance improvement is beneficial due to the significant presence of CPUs in existing data‐centers. SYCL applications on CPUs, currently go through an OpenCL backend. Though an OpenCL backend is valuable in supporting accelerators, it may introduce additional overhead for CPUs since the host and device are the same. Overheads like a run‐time compilation of the kernel, transferring of input/output memory to/from the OpenCL device, invoking the OpenCL kernel and so forth, may not be necessary when running on the CPU. While some of these overheads (such as data transfer) can be avoided by modifying the application, it can introduce disparity in the SYCL application's ability to achieve performance portability on other devices. In this article, we propose an alternate approach to running SYCL applications on CPUs. We bypass OpenCL and use a CPU‐directed compilation flow, along with the integration of whole function vectorization to generate optimized host and device code together in the same translation unit. We compare the performance of our approach—the CPU‐directed compilation flow, with an OpenCL backend for existing SYCL‐based applications, with no code modification for BabelStream benchmark, Matmul from the ComputeCpp SDK, N‐body simulation benchmarks and SYCL‐BLAS (Aliaga et al. Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on OpenCL; 2017.), on CPUs from different vendors and architectures. We report a performance improvement of up to on BabelStream benchmarks, up to on Matmul, up to on the N‐body simulation benchmark and up to 16% on SYCL‐BLAS.
SSHS: SDN seamless handover system among LAN access points
Authors: Abbas Shatha O. , Alenazi Mohammed J.F. 
Published: May 2023

SummaryIn recent years, artificial intelligence techniques, such as software‐defined networks (SDNs), machine learning classification (ML classification), and mobility models (MMs), have become vital in developing networks. Furthermore, communication methodologies, such as handover, directly affect network performance. In this paper, we propose a new system named SSHS, SDN Seamless Handover System, that combines SDN with an ML classifier to administer the network connection of mobile nodes. Through the SSHS system, the SDN will centralize the control to enable comprehensive management over the network, coupled with a decision tree (DT) classifier in the RYU controller to bring intelligence to the SDN application by enabling data analysis and prediction among mobile nodes generated by the RSSGM model. We present the SSHS model's effectiveness in providing a seamless communication handover among multiple access points (APs). The results of this study revealed that the SSHS provided a seamless handover among APs by improving the throughput by 26%, and decreasing the delay of arriving packets by 73% to standard SDN handover system.
Corals adapted to extreme and fluctuating seawater pH increase calcification rates and have unique symbiont communities
Authors: Tanvet Clément , Camp Emma F. , Sutton Jill , Houlbrèque Fanny , Thouzeau Gérard , Rodolfo‐Metalpa Riccardo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractOcean acidification (OA) is a severe threat to coral reefs mainly by reducing their calcification rate. Identifying the resilience factors of corals to decreasing seawater pH is of paramount importance to predict the survivability of coral reefs in the future. This study compared corals adapted to variable pHT (i.e., 7.23–8.06) from the semi‐enclosed lagoon of Bouraké, New Caledonia, to corals adapted to more stable seawater pHT (i.e., 7.90–8.18). In a 100‐day aquarium experiment, we examined the physiological response and genetic diversity of Symbiodiniaceae from three coral species (Acropora tenuis, Montipora digitata, and Porites sp.) from both sites under three stable pHNBS conditions (8.11, 7.76, 7.54) and one fluctuating pHNBS regime (between 7.56 and 8.07). Bouraké corals consistently exhibited higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment. Interestingly, A. tenuis from Bouraké showed the highest growth rate under the 7.76 pHNBS condition, whereas for M. digitata, and Porites sp. from Bouraké, growth was highest under the fluctuating regime and the 8.11 pHNBS conditions, respectively. While OA generally decreased coral calcification by ca. 16%, Bouraké corals showed higher growth rates than corals from the stable pH environment (21% increase for A. tenuis to 93% for M. digitata, with all pH conditions pooled). This superior performance coincided with divergent symbiont communities that were more homogenous for Bouraké corals. Corals adapted to variable pH conditions appear to have a better capacity to calcify under reduced pH compared to corals native to more stable pH condition. This response was not gained by corals from the more stable environment exposed to variable pH during the 100‐day experiment, suggesting that long‐term exposure to pH fluctuations and/or differences in symbiont communities benefit calcification under OA.
Parasite infection and the movement of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum along a depth cline
Authors: Feijen Frida , Buser Claudia , Klappert Kirsten , Jokela Jukka 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Parasite species that use two or more host species during their life cycle depend on successful transmission between these species. These successive host species may have different habitat requirements. For example, one host species may be aquatic while the other is terrestrial. To overcome this complicating factor in transmission, a wide diversity of parasite species have adaptations that alter the habitat preference in one host species to facilitate transmission to the next host species.

Two common trematode parasites in New Zealand, Atriophallophorus winterbourni and Notocotylus spp., both have a life cycle with two host species. The aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum is the intermediate host, from which the parasites require transmission to dabbling ducks or other waterfowl. Of these parasites, A. winterbourni is most frequently found in snails from the shallow‐water margin. This may indicate parasite‐induced movement of infected snails into the foraging habitat of dabbling ducks.

To test whether the parasites manipulate the snails to move into shallow water, we stretched tubular mesh cages across depth‐specific ecological habitat zones in a lake. Both infected and healthy snails were released into the cages. After 11 days, significantly higher infection frequencies of A. winterbourni were retrieved from the shallowest end of the cages, while Notocotylus spp. frequencies did not vary with depth.

The hypothesis that A. winterbourni induces its snail host to move into the shallow‐water habitat cannot be rejected based on the experimental results. Although further research is needed to address alternative explanations, the depth preference of infected snails may be due to a parasite adaptation that facilitates trophic transmission of parasites to dabbling ducks.
Molecular evolution and phylogenomic analysis of complete chloroplast genomes of Cotinus (Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Liu Qiaoyun , Yang Nan , Dong Wenpan , Zhao Liangcheng 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCotinus is an oligo‐specific ornamentally valuable genus with a disjunct distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Traditionally, the taxonomy of Cotinus was mainly based on leaf morphological characteristics. However, the limited availability of genomic information greatly hindered the study of molecular evolution and phylogeny of this genus. This study sequenced the chloroplast (cp) genomes of all currently recognized taxa of Cotinus, including three species and four varieties. A comparative analysis was performed to investigate their cp genome characteristics and evolution. Furthermore, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Cotinus based on whole cp genomes, protein‐coding genes, and nuclear ITS data. All cp genomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure with genome sizes ranging from 158,865 to 160,155 bp. A total of 113–114 genes were identified in the genomes. Seven non‐coding and four coding regions were identified as the most divergent hotspots for potential molecular barcodes and phylogenetic markers. Selection pressure analysis showed that there had been positive selection on genes matK and rps8 in the Cotinus cp genomes. Phylogenetic results confirmed that Cotinus is a monophyletic group but the widely distributed species Cotinus coggygria is not monophyletic. The divergence‐time analysis suggested that Cotinus underwent an evolutionary divergence from the middle Eocene and rapid adaptive radiation from the middle Miocene. This study revealed new insights into the cp genome evolution and phylogeny of Cotinus and related taxa.
Highly Efficient Conversion of Homocoupling and Heterocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by AuCu24/AC‐200
Authors: Sun Ningning , Yun Yapei , Li Kaikai , Ni Xin , Qin Yao , Yang Xiaofei , Sheng Hongting , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRegulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Bimetallic nanoclusters with synergistic effect exhibit better stability and activity than monometallic nanoclusters in catalytic applications. However, the large number of ligands on the surface of nanoclusters obscure the active sites, thus reducing the catalytic activity. Here, AuCu24/AC−X (X=0, 200, 300, 500, 800) catalysts were fabricated by removing the partial ligands on the surface of AuCu24H22((p‐FPh)3P)12nanoclusters (short for AuCu24NCs), and investigated the influence of calcination temperature on catalytic performance of AuCu24/AC in homocoupling and heterocoupling of terminal alkynes. The results showed that the catalytic activity of AuCu24/AC−X exhibited a volcanic trend with the increase of X (heat treatment temperature) and the content of Cu2+also changed with the increase of X. Compared with Au25/AC‐200 and Cu25/AC‐200 catalysts, the AuCu24/AC‐200 bimetallic catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity in homocoupling and heterocoupling of terminal alkynes under mild conditions with TOF values reaching 478.7 h−1and 114.1 h−1respectively, which are higher than most reported catalysts. This work provides a research idea for the design of bimetallic nanoclusters with superior performance.
Tris(benzophenoneimino)phosphane and Related Compounds
Authors: Pikma Marta‐Lisette , Lõkov Märt , Tshepelevitsh Sofja , Saame Jaan , Haljasorg Tõiv , Toom Lauri , Selberg Sigrid , Leito Ivo , Kütt Agnes 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA new group of bases with benzophenoneiminyl (bpi) moiety has been synthesized and characterized in this work. The title compound tris(benzophenoneimino)phosphane (P(bpi)3) 1 was prepared with a convenient one‐pot approach: benzophenone imine was deprotonated using MeMgCl and reacted with PBr3 in diglyme. The method could be considered as a method of choice for preparing other (amino)phosphanes in case lithio‐intermediates and/or protonated phosphane is out of consideration. Phosphane 1 is further used to prepare a range of related phosphonium cations and phosphazenes. Phosphonium cations were deprotonated to assess the stability of the resulting phosphonium ylides. In some cases, the bulky substances were capable of forming P−N heterocycles. Experimental (MeCN) and computational (MeCN, THF, gas‐phase) basicities of benzophenone imine, phosphane 1, phosphonium ylides, and phosphazenes, as well as some representative XRD structures, are presented and discussed.
Energy transition through bioelectricity in Pakistan: Implications for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C
Authors: Raza Muhammad Amir , Aman Muhammad Mohsin , Tunio Nadeem Ahmed , Soomro Shakir Ali , Shahid Muhammad , Ara Darakhshan , Jumani Touqeer Ahmed , Haider Raza 
Published: May 2023

AbstractClimate change threats demand unprecedented economic shifts around the world, including a fundamental transformation of the global energy system. An energy transition is underway in most regions, predominantly in the power sector. This research depicts the energy transition pathway for achieving 100% renewable energy systems through bioenergy in Pakistan. The growth rate of 20%, 30%, and 40% in biomass projects were considered for the study period 2023 to 2053 using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software. It presents a technology‐rich, multi‐sectoral and cost‐optimal energy transition pathway for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C. The results revealed that Pakistan's electricity generation undergoes a rapidly evolving transition from predominantly fossil fuels 62.1% in 2023 to 81.3% renewables in 2053, and entirely zero CO2 emissions by 2060. Hydro source is costly, wind and solar sources are seasonal so biomass emerges as the major electricity supply source in a cost optimal energy transition of Pakistan. Share of biomass is increasing from a mere 0.81% in 2023 to around 9.44% by 2053 under the 20% growth rate, which then increase to 39.67% by 2053 under the 30% growth rate and further increases to 78.33% by 2053 under the 40% growth rate. Pakistan contributes 0.8% of the global carbon footprint, but we are among the 10 most climate‐stressed countries on the planet in 2023 so this study helps to reduce cumulative CO2 emissions from 151.63 million metric tons to 8.90 million metric tons from 2023 to 2053 across the power, heat, transport, and desalination sectors.
Techno‐economic analysis of PV–wind–diesel–battery hybrid power systems for industrial towns under different climates in Spain
Authors: Abbaspour Aria , Jahed Amin , Ahmadi Abolfazl 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to provide a techno‐economic analysis of hybrid energy systems, including wind turbines, photovoltaic systems (PV) panels, diesel generators, and batteries, for selected cities in five different climate zones in Spain to meet the load requirements of industrial towns. Homer software was used to determine the most efficient configuration for supplying the average load of the industrial sector, with a value of 1500 kWh/day and a peak load of 114.58 kW, and the residential sector, with a value of 150 kWh/day and a peak load of 27.85 kW. Optimization is carried out to minimize the evaluation parameters of net present cost (NPC) and cost of energy (COE). According to the software outputs, it appears that the system utilizes a variety of renewable energies. The priority is to use all hybrid system components, and the wind–PV–diesel–battery configuration has performed best in all cities. The cities of A Coruña, Bilbao, Ponferrada, Almería, Barcelona, Salamanca, Seville, Zaragoza, and Madrid, respectively, with NPC values of 1.39, 1.67, 1.76, 1.92, 2.23, 2.29, 2.39, 2.55, 2.61 M$ and COE values of 0.199, 0.24, 0.252, 0.276, 0.32, 0.329, 0.343, 0.366, 0.374 $/kWh have economic efficiency from the highest to the lowest. Reducing pollution production is one of the key reasons for approaching hybrid technologies. In this regard, A Coruña has the lowest carbon emissions among the selected cities, with 25,190, and 95.5% of its energy production is renewable. On the other hand, Madrid, which uses 89% renewable energy, has the highest carbon dioxide production with a value of 59,242. The system analysis in different cities of Spain provides insight into the conditions necessary for establishing such systems in different climate zones, which can serve as a road map for other places in the country.
Conjoint transcriptomic and proteogenomic analysis of quality formation in various Porphyra dentata harvests: Photosynthesis acts as a stressor
Authors: Yang Mingchang , Ma Lizhen , Yang Xianqing , Li Laihao , Chen Shengjun , Qi Bo , Wang Yueqi , Li Chunsheng , Wei Ya , Wang Di , Zhao Yongqiang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPorphyra dentata is widely cultivated for its rich nutritional value and superior palatability. However, its quality varies with harvest time and there is a lack of understanding of the molecular mechanism of quality differences. Photosynthesis is a key factor in human‐mediated plant development and quality formation and changes. To explore the quality impact of photosynthesis on P. dentata, we compared transcriptomic and proteogenomic data of the first and fifth harvests. Of the 53,580 genes detected in this study, 7073 were identified as differentally expressed genes by RNA‐seq, and 462 showed differential expression between genes and proteins in proteogenomics. The results show that quality differences between harvest periods were regulated by proteins and genes from the allophycocyanin, Lhca1, chloroplast processing enzyme, and phycocyanin families. Generated cell tissue passivated continuously, the blades gradually became thicker and darker and had an increased degree of lignification, decreased protein levels, increased carbohydrate levels, and decreased quality. Our results demonstrate the complementary power of transcriptomics and proteogenomics and provide a rich database for quality improvement or evolutionary function analysis of P. dentata.
Systematic review on oral microbial dysbiosis and its clinical associations with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ting Haaron S. L. , Chen Zigui , Chan Jason Y. K. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractObjectivesThe relationship between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and the oral microbiome has been drawn in various studies. Microbial diversities, microbiome profiles, metagenomic analysis, and host–pathogen interactions were collected from these studies to highlight similarities and account for inconsistencies. We also evaluate the possible clinical applications of the microbiome regarding screening and diagnosis of HNSCC.MethodsSystematic analysis of studies regarding HNSCC and the microbiome was done according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. Articles were retrieved from four databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, CUHK Full‐Text Journals, and Cochrane database) and were screened using predefined criteria.ResultsTwenty studies were chosen after screening for full‐text review. α‐diversity comparison was inconsistent whereas β‐diversity between HNSCC and normal samples showed distinct clustering. Microbial dysbiosis characterized by change in the relative abundances of several bacterial species were also seen in HNSCC patients. At a phylum level, inconsistencies were seen between studies using HNSCC tumor tissue samples and saliva samples. At a genus level, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Alloprevotella, Capnocytophaga, Catonella, and Prevotella were differentially enriched in HNSCC while Streptococcus, Actinomyces Veillonella, and Rothia were differentially depleted. Co‐occurrence network analysis revealed a positive correlation of HNSCC with periodontal pathogens and a negative correlation with commensal bacteria. Metagenomic analysis of microbiota revealed a differential enrichment of pro‐inflammatory genomic pathways which was consistent across various studies. Microbial dysbiosis was applied in clinical use as a tool for HNSCC screening. Random‐forest analysis was adopted to differentiate between tumor and normal tissue, at 95.7% and 70.0% accuracies respectively in two studies. Microbial dysbiosis index was also used to predict prognosis.ConclusionsOral microbial dysbiosis could be a promising tool for HNSCC screening and diagnosis. However, more research should be conducted pertaining to clinical applications to improve diagnostic accuracy and explore other clinical uses.
Euthanasia in Africa: A scoping review of empirical evidence
Authors: Amzat Jimoh , Kanmodi Kehinde Kazeem , Ismail Abbas , Egbedina Eyinade Adeduntan 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsThe core ethical perplexity is that physician‐assisted suicide and euthanasia (PAS/E) contradicts the core value of medical practice which is about the duty of care to preserve life. While most arguments for and against euthanasia emerge from other continents, no African country legalizes or decriminalizes PAS/E. The essence of this scoping review is to collate evidence and scientific voices on euthanasia in Africa by synthesizing empirical articles on the subject in Africa.MethodsIn this scoping review, a systematic search of five electronic research databases—PubMed, SCOPUS, CINHAL Complete, Allied and Complementary Medicine (AMED), and APA PsycInfo—was conducted to identify relevant articles conducted in Africa on euthanasia. After deduplication with the Rayyan software, the retrieved literature were screened for eligibility, and only eligible articles were included in the review. Relevant data from these articles were extracted and analyzed using narrative synthesis.ResultsOnly 14 articles reporting empirical studies, conducted in Africa, and published in English, were included in the review after a rigorous screening process. The review shows a wide rejection of euthanasia, but there is not much resistance to passive euthanasia, that is, withholding/withdrawing life‐saving medical care from a terminally ill patient, mostly due to advanced age of the patient and the incurability of the illness. Many factors, such as religion, profession, and age help in shaping the way an individual view and understand PAS/E. Professionals take the patient's clinical condition and sociocultural context into consideration when making decisions about end‐of‐life care. The sociocultural context did not favor PAS/E.ConclusionEuthanasia will continue to be a subject of controversy and debate in Africa and elsewhere. The majority of Africans hold the duty of care and preservation of life as the hallmark of medical practice, which informs the wide rejection of PAS/E.