bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H7N9avian influenza diagnosis based on a multilayer belief rule‐based inference methodology
Authors: Xu Xiaojian , Gao Yucai , Xu Xiaobin , Dai Libo , Liu Shelan , Zhang Shuo , Weng Xu 
Published: April 2023

AbstractH7N9 avian influenza is a novel virus with high morbidity and mortality that threatens human health and life. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose H7N9 avian influenza in a timely and rapid manner to prevent further transmission of the virus and greatly reduce the infection and mortality rates. This paper proposes an H7N9 avian influenza diagnostic model that is based on a multilayer belief rule‐based (BRB) inference methodology by considering five typical characteristics of influenza: epidemiology, clinical manifestations, complications, characteristics of imaging tests and positive pathogen test results. Specifically, the severity of H7N9 avian influenza is gradually identified by a multilayer BRB model, and then the diagnostic model is optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) to improve the diagnostic accuracy. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by fivefold cross‐validation with a real clinical dataset. The performance of the proposed diagnostic model is compared with those of the BP neural network (BPNN) model and support vector machine (SVM) model, and the results show that the multilayer BRB model can achieve rapid and satisfactory diagnostic results for H7N9 avian influenza. The experiment shows that the accuracy of the BRB model for H7N9 avian influenza hierarchical diagnosis provided in this paper is 0.903, which is higher than 0.818 of the BP neural network (BPNN) modules and 0.844 of the support vector machine (SVM) models. Especially when diagnosing the suspected and confirmed degree of H7N9 disease, it is more realized satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.
Parental leave system design impacts on its gendered use: Paternity leave introduction in Spain
Authors: Castellanos‐Serrano Cristina , Escot Lorenzo , Fernández‐Cornejo José Andrés 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe article evaluates the 2007 introduction of nontransferable and fully paid paternity leave in Spain.BackgroundPrevious research has focused on paternity leave reforms, especially in the Nordic and continental countries. This article studies characteristics of the parental leave system design, including transferability, payment, and purpose of different types of leave for mothers and fathers in a Mediterranean country.MethodWe use a quasi‐experimental approach based on a sample of heterosexual dual‐earner couples with children born before and after the paternity leave introduction. We estimate differences in differences regression models.ResultsThe 2007 reform caused a significant increase in fathers' number of days of parental leave. Most fathers used the whole nontransferable and fully paid paternity leave, but they hardly used transferable or unpaid leave. Mothers used all of these, especially paid leave.ConclusionThe number of nontransferable fully paid days of parental leave provided by law approximates the actual number of days most fathers used.ImplicationsThe policy design matters. A design of equal, nontransferable, and fully paid leave for each parent is necessary for equal use by fathers and mothers—and thus for gender equality in families and work.
Pathways of romantic jealousy to intimate partner violence in Mwanza, northern Tanzania
Authors: Aloyce Diana , Mshana Gerry , Peter Esther , Malibwa Donati , Buller Ana Maria , Mchome Zaina , Kapiga Saidi , Stöckl Heidi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of this research is to establish the pathways through which romantic jealousy leads to intimate partner violence.BackgroundPhysical and/or sexual intimate partner violence is widespread, with one in four women reporting it globally. Romantic jealousy is a known risk factor for intimate partner violence, yet little is known about the pathways that link it to intimate partner violence, especially in Africa.MethodWe used a qualitative design, interviewing 18 adult women in Northern Tanzania to understand their experiences and reflections of intimate partner violence. To grasp the mechanisms through which jealousy can trigger intimate partner violence, our analysis utilizes the concept of hegemonic masculinity.ResultsIntimate partner violence and romantic jealousy emerged as major issues in women's lives in this study. We established six pathways linking these variables: women confronting their partners because of infidelity, partners' anger because women confronted their mistress, women refusing to have sex or talk with their partners because they were jealous, male partners failing to control or regulate their emotions and becoming violent, and men feeling that their masculinity is threatened.ConclusionIn this study, intimate partner violence against women was largely men's reaction to their interpretation of perceived triggers of romantic jealousy and emotions as a threat to their masculinity and dominance.ImplicationsInterventions aiming to prevent intimate partner violence need to address the pathways linking the violence to romantic jealousy and include this connection in their programming.
Experimental study and model on the low‐cycle fatigue behavior of thermoplastic vulcanizates
Authors: Mao Wentao , Yang Fengpeng , Jin Zenggui , Gong Hao , Liu Ruohan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) is composed of crosslinked rubber and plastic and have recently been used to replace traditional rubber. To investigate their constitutive behavior throughout the fatigue life, a series of tensile fatigue tests were carried out. The experimental results show significant fatigue softening of TPV, which can be regarded as the joint action of fatigue damage and fatigue creep. After many cycles, the viscous flow can also be restored; thus, the fatigue creep was eliminated by the cyclic‐pause‐cyclic experiment. The cyclic curves were obtained when the fatigue damage was the only effect. Based on a visco‐hyperelastic constitutive model, the evolution rate of the constitutive model parameters during fatigue damage was obtained using the network alteration theory. Considering fatigue damage and fatigue creep effect together, a fatigue‐softening constitutive model is proposed. The model can predict the constitutive behavior of TPVs over their entire fatigue life.
Forest tree species adaptation to climate across biomes: Building on the legacy of ecological genetics to anticipate responses to climate change
Authors: Leites Laura , Benito Garzón Marta 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIntraspecific variation plays a critical role in extant and future forest responses to climate change. Forest tree species with wide climatic niches rely on the intraspecific variation resulting from genetic adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to accommodate spatial and temporal climate variability. A centuries‐old legacy of forest ecological genetics and provenance trials has provided a strong foundation upon which to continue building on this knowledge, which is critical to maintain climate‐adapted forests. Our overall objective is to understand forest trees intraspecific responses to climate across species and biomes, while our specific objectives are to describe ecological genetics models used to build our foundational knowledge, summarize modeling approaches that have expanded the traditional toolset, and extensively review the literature from 1994 to 2021 to highlight the main contributions of this legacy and the new analyzes of provenance trials. We reviewed 103 studies comprising at least three common gardens, which covered 58 forest tree species, 28 of them with range‐wide studies. Although studies using provenance trial data cover mostly commercially important forest tree species from temperate and boreal biomes, this synthesis provides a global overview of forest tree species adaptation to climate. We found that evidence for genetic adaptation to local climate is commonly present in the species studied (79%), being more common in conifers (87.5%) than in broadleaf species (67%). In 57% of the species, clines in fitness‐related traits were associated with temperature variables, in 14% of the species with precipitation, and in 25% of the species with both. Evidence of adaptation lags was found in 50% of the species with range‐wide studies. We conclude that ecological genetics models and analysis of provenance trial data provide excellent insights on intraspecific genetic variation, whereas the role and limits of phenotypic plasticity, which will likely determine the fate of extant forests, is vastly understudied.
Applying climate change refugia to forest management and old‐growth restoration
Authors: Pradhan Kavya , Ettinger Ailene K. , Case Michael J. , Hille Ris Lambers Janneke 
Published: April 2023

AbstractRecent studies highlight the potential of climate change refugia (CCR) to support the persistence of biodiversity in regions that may otherwise become unsuitable with climate change. However, a key challenge in using CCR for climate resilient management lies in how CCR may intersect with existing forest management strategies, and subsequently influence how landscapes buffer species from negative impacts of warming climate. We address this challenge in temperate coastal forests of the Pacific Northwestern United States, where declines in the extent of late‐successional forests have prompted efforts to restore old‐growth forest structure. One common approach for doing so involves selectively thinning forest stands to enhance structural complexity. However, dense canopy is a key forest feature moderating understory microclimate and potentially buffering organisms from climate change impacts, raising the possibility that approaches for managing forests for old‐growth structure may reduce the extent and number of CCR. We used remotely sensed vegetation indices to identify CCR in an experimental forest with control and thinned (restoration) treatments, and explored the influence of biophysical variables on buffering capacity. We found that remotely sensed vegetation indices commonly used to identify CCR were associated with understory temperature and plant community composition, and thus captured aspects of landscape buffering that might instill climate resilience and be of interest to management. We then examined the interaction between current restoration strategies and CCR, and found that selective thinning for promoting old‐growth structure had only very minor, if any, effects on climatic buffering. In all, our study demonstrates that forest management approaches aimed at restoring old‐growth structure through targeted thinning do not greatly decrease buffering capacity, despite a known link between dense canopy and CCR. More broadly, this study illustrates the value of using remote sensing approaches to identify CCR, facilitating the integration of climate change adaptation with other forest management approaches.
Learning by exporting: A system‐based review and research agenda
Authors: Freixanet Joan , Federo Ryan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOver the past four decades, flourishing empirical research has attempted to establish the mechanisms and conditions underpinning improvements in exporters’ innovation and productivity via the learning‐by‐exporting (LBE) effect, and the domain has gained legitimacy and empirical credibility. However, the literature's findings are largely fragmented and require systematic review and analysis to draw definitive conclusions on the factors that influence the subsequent realization of learning from exporting. To fill this void, we critically examine the extant LBE research for the period 1984–2021. We systematically review 167 articles to develop a system‐based taxonomy and conceptual model of LBE, which comprises five major components: system outputs (productivity and innovation), inputs (e.g., institutional factors and resources), firm‐level capabilities (e.g., absorptive capacity and innovation persistence), managerial characteristics (e.g., entrepreneurship skills) and internationalization strategies. In doing so, we uncover paradoxical tensions within the system brought about by the conflicting roles of some components of the LBE system, such as firm‐, industry‐ and country‐level technological capabilities. Our review also reveals research gaps that open relevant opportunities for further research and conclusions that hold novel implications for managers and policymakers.
Unfolding executive coaches' identity work through the social constructivist lens: Coach–coachee–organisation
Authors: Lai Yi‐Ling , Passmore Jonathan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis study responds to a recent call on coaches' professional identity work through a socially contextualised lens. Coaches, as the freelancer, encounter complex working relationships with clients due to multiple contracting entities; yet coaches' identity work has been neglected in the extant training and development courses. A total of 36 semi‐structured interviews with coaches and relational others (e.g., coachees and organisational stakeholders) were conducted to understand how coaches develop professional identity as part of their career development in responding to interactions with relational others. The research findings identify that learning facilitator is the core identity of coaches regardless of varied stages of the coaching process. Three layers of sub‐identity are distinguished for them to handle a multi‐level working relationship with clients. Coaches often ‘travel’ in‐and‐out between layers of these sub‐identities to incorporate micro‐personal career interests, meso coaching dyadic working relationships and the macro‐level organisational scope into their identity development and negotiation. Accordingly, coaches' learning agility is required to remain identity flexibility for coping with varied coaching scenarios. This study outlines a conceptual framework which illustrates coaches' identity work as a conscious cognitive learning process embedded social and psychological exchanges. This framework offers coaching professional development courses a groundwork to facilitate coaches' identity development.
‘Selection into training will always be an inexact process’: A survey of Directors of Physician Education on selection into Basic Physician Training in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Grosse Anna , Thomas Josephine 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite being one of the largest medical specialty training programmes in Australasia, there is no standardised method for selection into Basic Physician Training (BPT), and limited data exist regarding current practices.AimsTo address existing knowledge gaps, we aimed to create a ‘snapshot’ of current BPT selection practices and explore the perspectives of Directors of Physician Education (DPEs) regarding trainee selection.MethodsAn electronic survey of DPEs from adult and paediatric medicine BPT sites in Australia and New Zealand was undertaken in January–February 2022. A combination of free text, multiple‐choice and yes/no answers were analysed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis.ResultsA total of 70 responses were received, achieving a response rate of 35% (70/198). Selection practices were found to be heterogenous across BPT sites. Respondents had varying opinions regarding the utility of selection tools and desirable candidate attributes. A heavy reliance upon interviews and the reported use of subjective assessments raise concerns for selection process bias.ConclusionBPT sites should critically evaluate their selection methods, and more research in this field is needed to establish best practice.
Intrapleural tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease administered concurrently and once daily for complex parapneumonic pleural effusion and empyema
Authors: Smith Dugal , Shaw Hannah , Ryder Timothy 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundPleural infection is life‐threatening and increasingly prevalent. In addition to usual care, twice‐daily, separate administration of tissue plasminogen activator and deoxyribonuclease (tPA‐DNase) reduces radiological pleural opacity with lower surgical referral rates.AimsThis retrospective cohort study examines the use of once‐daily, concurrent administration of tPA‐DNase for complex parapneumonic pleural effusion and empyema.MethodsPatients with pleural infection who received intrapleural tPA‐DNase between October 2014 and July 2020 at Logan Hospital, where it is given concurrently and once‐daily as salvage therapy, were retrospectively identified. Radiographic opacification, inflammatory markers, clinical response and complications were examined.ResultsThirty‐one patients were identified. Mean age was 48.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 17.2). Median tPA‐DNase administration was 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 2–3). Chest x‐ray pleural opacity decreased significantly (P = 0.047) from a median of 39.6% (IQR, 28.8–65.7%) to 9.7% (IQR, 2.5–23.2%), a median relative reduction of 75.5% (IQR, 47.7–93.9%). White cell count and C‐reactive protein improved significantly (P = 0.002 and P = 0.032, respectively) from a median of 16.3 × 109/L (IQR, 11.8–20.6 × 109/L) to 9.9 × 109/L (IQR, 8.0–12.3 × 109/L) and 311.0 mg/L (IQR, 218.8–374.0 mg/L) to 69.0 mg/L (IQR, 36.0–118.0 mg/L), respectively. No patients experienced significant bleeding or died. Five patients (16.1%) were referred for surgery.ConclusionThis is pilot evidence that a practical regimen of concurrent, once‐daily intrapleural tPA‐DNase improved pleural opacification and inflammatory markers without bleeding or mortality. The surgical referral rate was higher than in studies assessing twice‐daily administration, though the validity of this outcome as a measure of treatment success is limited, and further studies are needed to assess the optimal dose and frequency of intrapleural therapy and indications for surgical referral.
Child health nurses in Solomon Islands, piloting the ‘Bachelor of nursing: Child health’
Authors: Burhin Mikael , Isom Verzilyn , Ogaoga Divinal , Devine Sue , Duke Trevor , Bugoro Hugo , Tamou Mathias , Mark Caleb , Panda Nixon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimIn 2016, the Solomon Islands National University developed and implemented the country's first nursing specialisation in child health, the Bachelor of Nursing: Child Health. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of the first cohort of students (n = 14) during this course in order to evaluate the programme.BackgroundThe Bachelor of Nursing: Child Health was implemented in 2016 to develop nurses’ knowledge and skills in child health and improve child health outcomes and so on.DesignThe qualitative evaluation study used an exploratory, descriptive design.MethodsThe 14 nurses who constituted the first cohort of students were selected as study participants. Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted between August and December 2018. Thematic analysis was undertaken following the Braun and Clarke six‐phase process to generate themes and sub‐themes from the data. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist guided the reporting of the study.ResultsInterviews revealed important feedback about the course, including areas to strengthen and avenues to improve it in the future. Four themes emerged: learning during the Bachelor of Nursing: Child Health, support during the course, challenges experienced during the course and suggested course improvements in the future. The study found that theoretical sessions combined with practical and interactive activities were most effective in learning both theoretical concepts and their related clinical applications and skills. Although support was generally available during the course, participants emphasised their responsibility to take the lead in their learning and seek support when required. The lack of mentoring combined with logistical difficulties were perceived as barriers to learning. Participant recommendations support further development of the child health nursing specialisation, with specific strengthening in areas such as teaching and mentoring, logistics, course curriculum and human and material resources.Implications for nursing and health policyGiven the potential benefits of increasing nurses’ knowledge and skills in child health and paediatric care on reducing neonatal and child mortality and morbidity, ongoing support for the implementation of this course in Solomon Islands and more broadly across the Pacific region is recommended. The provision of such support is a local, regional and a global responsibility. Indeed, Sustainable Development Goal 3c calls for a substantial increase in health financing and in the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in low‐ and middle‐income countries.ConclusionsResults of the evaluation demonstrate the positive aspects of the course in relation to content and curriculum delivery strategies as well as identifying areas where further refinement and strengthening is required.
Perception of political influence within the general population of the United Kingdom
Authors: Rigoli Francesco 
Published: April 2023

AbstractWhen reflecting upon politics, people express judgements about the political influence exerted by different institutions. However, the nature of these judgements remains to be studied by scholars. The paper explores this with a focus on the United Kingdom. Online, participants recruited from the general population judged the political influence of a variety of institutions such as parties, media and economic powers. Political institutions (e.g., the Conservative Party) were attributed the highest influence, followed by economic powers (e.g., banks), the media (e.g., BBC) and by marginal groups (e.g., laypeople without political expertise). Variability in judgement was explained by two factors: one capturing a tension between marginal groups and economic powers and the second between the media and political institutions. Ideology modulated the latter factor, with participants opposing tradition in politics attributing higher influence to political institutions over the media. These observations shed light on an important, yet poorly known, aspect of political thinking, namely, the perception of political influence.
Fintech applications in social welfare schemes during Covid times: An extension of the classic TAM model in India
Authors: Singh Jaskirat , Singh Manjit 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn terms of remote banking services for social welfare programmes, fintech has completely changed the game for financial institutions, particularly during the COVID pandemic. However, many recipients continue to be dubious due to fears about its security. This study aims to create an extended technology acceptance model (TAM) that incorporates perceived risk, trust and innovation diffusion theory into the conventional TAM model to understand better the variables that influence user adoption and implementation of Fintech technologies. The critical FinTech applications were evaluated using the hypothetical classic model, which included external influences. The proposed model (urban poor beneficiaries‐TAM) was experimentally verified using semi‐structured questionnaires and structural equation modelling data. This research shows that attitude has a considerable impact on how fintech apps are meant to be used, outweighing usefulness and risk as factors that directly affect how they are used. The report concludes by discussing the critical organizational consequences and offering a variety of strategies for maintaining this recently innovative business in light of current technological improvements.