bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Hint Suggestion System Based on Student's Learning Status in Server Management Exercises
Authors: Takehara Ichitoshi , Kami Yuki , Kida Koji , Saisho Keizo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn recent years, more and more server administration exercises have been conducted at universities. Some students get stuck on the answer to a task. In this case, the student requests a hint for the task. The teacher hears the student, assesses the progress, and offers a hint. Also, teachers want students to conduct trial and error on a task before asking for hints. Many students ask for hints during exercises, which is a burden for teachers. We develop a system that presents hints based on the student's learning status. The teacher registers the learning status and corresponding hints in the system in advance. The student's command input/output and edited files are monitored by the system to check the student's progress. The system can suggest many hints based on learning status. As a result of the evaluation experiment, unnecessary hints were not presented to the students. Also, the system can guide students to conduct trial and error in the learning situation the teacher expects. In this paper, we describe the developed system and the results of evaluation experiments using the system.
Heart failure outcomes captured by adverse event reporting in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Observations from the VERTIS CV trial
Authors: Pandey Ambarish , Kolkailah Ahmed A. , McGuire Darren K. , Frederich Robert C. , Cater Nilo B. , Cosentino Francesco , Pratley Richard E. , Dagogo‐Jack Samuel , Cherney David Z.I. , Wynant Willy , Gantz Ira , Mancuso James P. , Masiukiewicz Urszula , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsIn VERTIS CV, ertugliflozin was associated with a 30% risk reduction for adjudication‐confirmed, first and total hospitalizations for heart failure (HHF) in participants with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the impact of ertugliflozin on the broader spectrum of all reported heart failure (HF) events independent of adjudication confirmation.Methods and resultsData from participants who received ertugliflozin (5 or 15 mg) were pooled and compared versus placebo. HF events included all investigator‐reported HF adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) based on the narrow standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) query ‘cardiac failure’. Terms for orthopnoea, dyspnoea, and peripheral oedema were evaluated separately. The effect of ertugliflozin on the first HF event was assessed by Cox proportional hazard models. Total HF events were assessed by Andersen–Gill models to account for first and recurrent events. A total of 8238 participants received ≥1 dose of ertugliflozin or placebo (mean follow‐up 3.5 years). Investigator‐reported HF events and AE capture yielded 420 first and 627 total HF events (vs. 238 and 345 adjudication‐confirmed HHF events, respectively, in the primary analyses). Ertugliflozin reduced the risk for first (hazard ratio [HR] 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.84; p < 0.001) and total HF AEs (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.57–0.78; p < 0.001), with similar results for first and total HF SAEs. Additionally, ertugliflozin reduced oedema risk, but not orthopnoea/dyspnoea.ConclusionThe effect of ertugliflozin was consistent across the spectrum of total investigator‐reported HF AEs and was similar in magnitude to adjudicated HHF events.
Considering Cumulative Damage in URM Buildings for Clustered Seismicity Risk Assessment
Authors: Inarritu Pablo Garcia de Quevedo , Kohrangi Mohsen , Cattari Serena , Lagomarsino Sergio , Bazzurro Paolo 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTUnreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are highly susceptible to cumulative damage, as demonstrated by the damage observations collected during and after numerous earthquake sequences. However, most previous numerical studies assessing cumulative damage in URM buildings have failed to fully capture the extent of the phenomenon observed in real events. This article aims to address this gap by applying a newly developed methodology for modeling the accumulation of damage in URM buildings in risk assessment case studies. This methodology quantifies the cumulative damage using an energy‐ and displacement‐based damage index (DI) within a component‐based framework. The methodology is validated using data from the URM school building in Visso that sustained severe, progressive damage during the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence. Additionally, this DI is employed to develop hazard‐consistent, damage‐state‐dependent fragility curves for five case‐study URM buildings through consecutive nonlinear dynamic analyses. The fragility analysis results align with real‐world observations, indicating a significant reduction in structural capacity due to cumulative damage. These set of fragility curves are then utilized in a risk assessment exercise. The last part of this study compares the impact on risk estimates when incorporating damage accumulation and earthquake sequences using the proposed methodology versus the conventional approach, which assumes only independent mainshocks affecting buildings in their intact state. The results reveal that the conventional approach underestimates the average annual losses for these five URM buildings in Central Italy by 45%–85%. Although the level of underestimation may vary for other URM buildings in other regions, it is undeniable that the conventional approach consistently underestimates the risk for URM structures by a significant margin.
Who Will Govern Cybersecurity in Spain by 2035? Results From a Delphi Study
Authors: Del‐Real Cristina , Díaz‐Fernández Antonio M. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study explores the future of cybersecurity governance in Spain by 2035, focusing on the roles of public and private actors. Using a two‐round Delphi method, we collected insights from experts to evaluate the probability, desirability, and impact of 20 projections for Spain's cybersecurity landscape. The findings suggest a consolidation of multi‐stakeholder forms of governance, with public agencies like INCIBE and CCN guiding policy and oversight while private entities deliver essential services. Experts foresee continued collaboration between national and EU institutions, with the EU playing a key role in regulatory coordination. Three governance scenarios emerged: public‐centric cybersecurity governance, state‐driven cybersecurity assurance, and private monopolistic provision. These scenarios underscore a complex multistakeholder model shaped by collaboration and tension between public and private actors, particularly in light of fragmented ownership over cyberspace resources. This study highlights the need for adaptable governance frameworks that balance regulatory oversight with private sector efficiency, providing insights for stakeholders as they prepare for evolving cyber threats.
Enhancing the quality of pear candies via jaggery‐based osmotic dehydration: Optimization and analysis
Authors: Dhillion Gurpreet , Kour Amardeep , Gupta Navjot , Atreya Padma Nath 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPear (Pyrus pyrifolia) is a healthy fruit; however, its availability is limited in certain seasons due to short shelf life. To overcome this limitation, a cost‐effective dehydration‐based preservation involving osmotic dehydration process with jaggery as a pretreatment, followed by drying in a cabinet dryer was explored. The Box–Behnken design was used to optimize the key factors: immersion time (hour), temperature (°C), and jaggery concentration (°Brix) which were employed with the aim to maximize water loss (WL) and overall acceptability (OA) while minimizing solute gain (SG) and achieving the ideal hardness in the resulting pear candy with an OA score. After optimization, immersing the pear for 3 h, maintaining the osmotic solution at 45°C, and using a jaggery concentration of 52°Brix resulted in a WL of 40%, with an SG of 9.5%. The hardness of the resulting pear candy was 3.20 N with an OA score of 7.65. Pear slices were processed using the optimized osmotic dehydration conditions, followed by conventional drying with an air convective dryer at 50°C. Further characterized, the jaggery‐osmosed pear candy was compared with traditional sucrose‐based pear candy. Our findings suggest that using jaggery as an osmotic agent improved the candy's mineral profile and improved consumer acceptability, making it a suitable alternative to the standard production method.
Transformation of the Algorithm for Prioritising Clinical Trial Development in Kazakhstan Based on Practical Significance
Authors: Nurgozhin Talgat , Kulkayeva Gulnara , Graf Margarita , Tarasova Valentina , Tabarov Adlet 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe research relevance is determined by the need for rational use of limited resources in the healthcare sector and the importance of implementing the results of scientific research into medical practice to improve the quality of medical care. The study aims to identify key criteria and develop a system for evaluating clinical trials to prioritise the most promising areas based on their practical applicability in healthcare. The expert evaluation method of 17 research projects in the field of clinical medicine funded by government grants, involving 37 experts, was used to achieve the objective. The experts conducted the assessment using a multi‐criteria system, including 4 categories and about 20 individual indicators. The results showed that 58.8% of the projects required a change in the composition of the teams, and in 70.6% of cases, third‐party organisations were involved for methodological support. About 41.2% of applications had a solid scientific basis, but the demand for the results of 17.6% of projects decreased due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. For 23.5% of projects, the proposed topics were of low public demand. Only 47.1% of the projects demonstrated interest in addressing national health issues. In 17.2% of fundamental projects, assessing the economic efficiency was difficult. In 23.5% of cases, projects could have been financed from other sources. The timeframe of 3 years was assessed as insufficient for 76.5% of highly specialised projects. Based on the analysis, recommendations for improving processes to increase the practical significance of research are formulated. The study contributes to developing an evaluation methodology and improving the efficiency of grant funding in medicine.
Coordination Effect of Oligopolists' Multimarket Contact
Authors: Yu Zuo , Luo Tianyu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this article, we examine the coordination effect of oligopolists' multimarket contact with asymmetric cost. We extend a model of infinitely repeated multimarket contact games with “symmetric advantage” in the seminal paper of Bernheim and Whinston (The RAND Journal of Economics 1990; 21(1): 1–26). We consider Stackelberg and Cournot competition as the stage game while Bernheim and Whinston consider Bertrand competition. Different from Bernheim and Whinston, we show that collusive sustainability under multimarket contact is the same to single‐market if the stage games are Stackelberg competition. Our research has policy implications for the antimonopoly review of the merger and detecting cartels.
Lightweight Solution for English Course Quality Evaluation Supported by Edge Intelligence
Authors: Weng Shihua 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWith the development of artificial intelligence and computer vision technologies, smart education supported by artificial intelligence and computer vision has gradually replaced the traditional classroom teaching mode, such as English courses. However, the existing studies about smart education mainly focus on student classroom behavior recognition and neglect quality evaluation of teaching and learning in the classroom. On the other hand, it still lacks a lightweight solution for smart education in the network environment with limited resources. This paper establishes a lightweight English course quality evaluation scheme to tackle the above issues. First, a camera is used to collect the information of class; then, a lightweight network, which consists of a MobileNet v4 Small and a YOLO network, is deployed in the edge computing device to automatically process the information from the camera for attendance rate estimation and students' behavior recognition; lastly, the server in the remote control room collects all the information from classrooms to implement course quality evaluation. The experimental and simulated results show that student detection and student behavior recognition can meet the requirements in the real application.
Cut‐Off Points for Low Relative 30‐s Sit‐to‐Stand Power and Their Associations With Adverse Health Conditions
Authors: Garcia‐Aguirre Mikel , Baltasar‐Fernandez Ivan , Alcazar Julian , Losa‐Reyna Jose , Alfaro‐Acha Ana , Ara Ignacio , Rodriguez‐Mañas Leocadio , Alegre Luis M. , Garcia‐Garcia Francisco J. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDespite muscle power derived from the 5‐rep sit‐to‐stand (STS) test having been demonstrated to be a valuable biomarker in older individuals, there is limited information regarding muscle power derived from the 30‐s STS test, a widely used test in the clinical setting. This study aimed (i) to compare relative 30‐s STS power values between older men and women, (ii) to identify cut‐off points for low relative 30‐s STS power, (iii) to compare the prevalence of low relative STS power between sexes and (iv) to evaluate the association of low relative 30‐s STS power with adverse conditions in older people.MethodsA total of 1475 community‐dwelling older adults (65–98 years; 45% men) from the Toledo Study for Healthy Aging were included. Relative STS power was assessed using the 30‐s STS test and the Alcazar's equation. Adverse health conditions considered encompassed frailty, depression, disability in basic (BADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), cognitive impairment and low habitual gait speed (HGS).ResultsRelative STS power decreased linearly at an average rate of 1.0% year−1 in men and 1.5% year−1 in women. The cut‐off points for low relative STS power were 2.53 and 2.01 W·kg−1 for men and women, respectively. The prevalence of low relative STS power was significantly lower in older men compared with older women (43.5% vs. 50.0%, respectively; p = 0.005). In men, low relative STS power was associated with frailty (OR [95% CI] = 4.4 [2.4–8.0]), cognitive impairment (OR [95% CI] = 1.7 [1.0–2.7]), disability in BADL (OR [95% CI] = 4.5 [1.5–13.8]) and low HGS (OR [95% CI] = 3.4 [1.9–5.9]). In women, low relative STS power was associated with frailty (OR [95% CI] = 5.2 [3.5–7.7]), disability in BADL (OR [95% CI] = 4.3 [1.8–9.9]) and IADL (OR [95% CI] = 3.1 [2.2–4.3]) and low HGS (OR [95% CI] = 6.1 [2.8–13.1]). No associations were found between low relative STS power and disability in IADL or depression in men, nor between low relative STS power and cognitive impairment or depression in women.ConclusionRelative STS power decreased with increasing age in both men and women. The provided sex‐specific cut‐off points for low relative STS power using the 30‐s STS test adequately identified older people with frailty and were associated with an increased risk of experiencing adverse conditions.
Reference Values of Handgrip and Lower Extremity Strength for Vietnamese Men and Women: The Vietnam Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Do Kiet T. , Hoang Duy K. , Luong Quan N. , Nguyen Huy G. , Do An T. , Ho‐Pham Lan T. , Nguyen Tuan V. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundFalls and sarcopenia are significant public health issues in Vietnam. Despite muscle strength being a critical predictor for these conditions, reference data on muscle strength within the Vietnamese population are lacking.PurposeTo establish the reference ranges for muscle strength among Vietnamese individuals.MethodsThe study involved 4096 individuals, including 1419 men and 2677 women aged 18 years and above, from the Vietnam Osteoporosis Study. Muscle strength was assessed using a Baseline hand dynamometer for handgrip strength and a Back‐Leg‐Chest dynamometer for leg strength. We calculated mean values, standard deviations, interquartile ranges, and peak muscle strength (pMS) for both handgrip and leg strength across various ages. Reference curves were created with the Generalised Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape, and polynomial regression models were employed to analyse the relationship between muscle strength and age.ResultsAdvancing age was significantly associated with lower muscle strength. Peak muscle strength typically occurred between ages 30 and 40, with earlier peaks in women, especially in leg strength. Men consistently showed higher muscle strength than women, with variations depending on the measurement site. Specifically, average handgrip strength was 36.4 kg ± 8.4 (mean ± SD) for men and 23.2 kg ± 6.0 for women (p < 0.001). Leg strength averaged 63.9 kg ± 27.2 for men and 29.5 kg ± 13.9 for women (p < 0.001). Additionally, we produced a percentile chart illustrating muscle weakness ranges based on the 25th percentile of muscle strength and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) for the Vietnamese population.ConclusionThese data provide reference ranges for evaluating muscle strength in the Vietnamese population, offering crucial insights for identifying individuals at risk of falls or sarcopenia in clinical settings.
Demonstration of autonomous fixed‐wing drone delivery of prescribed medications in remote islands in Japan
Authors: Miyata Jun , Tsuchiya Hironobu , Nonaka Fumiaki , Aso Yuji , Sugahara Masanori , Maeda Takahiro 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundIn rural areas, physicians and dentists often dispense medications without pharmacists. Technology that can safely and promptly deliver medications is required so that pharmacists, even those at a distance, can dispense them in a timely manner.MethodsWe demonstrated a combination of online medication counseling and drone delivery of medications dispensed by pharmacists in two rural clinics located far from pharmacies on remote islands in Japan. After being prescribed by physicians, dispensed by pharmacists, and online medication counseling, the medications were transported by autonomous fixed‐wing drones, dropped, and picked up by the staff. Following Japanese regulations, our drones could only fly over the sea and drop medications on the shore. After the demonstration, we administered a questionnaire.ResultsA total of 62 patients participated in the demonstration, which was successful except for two patients whose drone deliveries were canceled because of strong winds. Most patients received their medications after more than an hour. Individual home delivery costs were involved because the delivery spot was restricted to the shore. More than 80% of the patients were satisfied with online medication counseling, but a few expressed the desire to receive their medication at the clinic.ConclusionsPrescribed medication delivery using drones was technically feasible. This project will contribute to separating the prescribing and dispensing functions, promote pharmacist participation in rural areas, and expand patient treatment options. Methods for checking and monitoring the delivery spot, ensuring successful delivery, and covering the cost of drone delivery need further exploration.
Semi‐Supervised Learning Allows for Improved Segmentation With Reduced Annotations of Brain Metastases Using Multicenter MRI Data
Authors: Ottesen Jon André , Tong Elizabeth , Emblem Kyrre Eeg , Latysheva Anna , Zaharchuk Greg , Bjørnerud Atle , Grøvik Endre 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundDeep learning‐based segmentation of brain metastases relies on large amounts of fully annotated data by domain experts. Semi‐supervised learning offers potential efficient methods to improve model performance without excessive annotation burden.PurposeThis work tests the viability of semi‐supervision for brain metastases segmentation.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsThere were 156, 65, 324, and 200 labeled scans from four institutions and 519 unlabeled scans from a single institution. All subjects included in the study had diagnosed with brain metastases.Field Strength/Sequences1.5 T and 3 T, 2D and 3D T1‐weighted pre‐ and post‐contrast, and fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR).AssessmentThree semi‐supervision methods (mean teacher, cross‐pseudo supervision, and interpolation consistency training) were adapted with the U‐Net architecture. The three semi‐supervised methods were compared to their respective supervised baseline on the full and half‐sized training.Statistical TestsEvaluation was performed on a multinational test set from four different institutions using 5‐fold cross‐validation. Method performance was evaluated by the following: the number of false‐positive predictions, the number of true positive predictions, the 95th Hausdorff distance, and the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC). Significance was tested using a paired samples t test for a single fold, and across all folds within a given cohort.ResultsSemi‐supervision outperformed the supervised baseline for all sites with the best‐performing semi‐supervised method achieved an on average DSC improvement of 6.3% ± 1.6%, 8.2% ± 3.8%, 8.6% ± 2.6%, and 15.4% ± 1.4%, when trained on half the dataset and 3.6% ± 0.7%, 2.0% ± 1.5%, 1.8% ± 5.7%, and 4.7% ± 1.7%, compared to the supervised baseline on four test cohorts. In addition, in three of four datasets, the semi‐supervised training produced equal or better results than the supervised models trained on twice the labeled data.Data ConclusionSemi‐supervised learning allows for improved segmentation performance over the supervised baseline, and the improvement was particularly notable for independent external test sets when trained on small amounts of labeled data.Plain Language SummaryArtificial intelligence requires extensive datasets with large amounts of annotated data from medical experts which can be difficult to acquire due to the large workload. To compensate for this, it is possible to utilize large amounts of un‐annotated clinical data in addition to annotated data. However, this method has not been widely tested for the most common intracranial brain tumor, brain metastases. This study shows that this approach allows for data efficient deep learning models across multiple institutions with different clinical protocols and scanners.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Longitudinal Analysis of Creative and Entrepreneurial Self‐Efficacy in Undergraduates
Authors: Álvarez‐Huerta Paula , Muela Alexander , Larrea Inaki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTCreativity and entrepreneurship are fundamental to the personal and professional development of new generations and for social progress in general. The primary aim of this study was to analyze changes in the creative and entrepreneurial self‐efficacy of undergraduates as they progress through university, and to examine whether these trajectories are influenced by gender. We also explored the impact of engagement on students' creative and entrepreneurial self‐efficacy. The sample comprised 200 undergraduates attending a Spanish university, all of whom completed various measures in Years 1 and 4 of their degree program. Results showed an increase in creative self‐efficacy over time, but no change in entrepreneurial self‐efficacy. Gender had no effect on these trajectories. Two dimensions of student engagement were found to be associated with an increase in both creative and entrepreneurial self‐efficacy by the end of undergraduate study. From a practical point of view, the findings suggest the need to promote learning experiences involving participation in high‐impact practices and reflective and integrative learning.