bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Excited States Dynamics of Orthogonal Photoswitches and The Influence of the Environment
Authors: Schmitt Tanja , Hsu Li‐Yun , Oberhof Nils , Rana Debkumar , Dreuw Andreas , Blasco Eva , Tegeder Petra 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMolecular photoswitches are widely used in material sciences, physics, chemistry, and biology. As needs grow more complex, materials have to react more than one‐dimensionally. The use of multiple photoswitches at once opens manifold opportunities for further improved and more complicated systems. However, this requires independent addressability, i.e., orthogonality, and reversible processes. Herein, the first study on ultrafast excited state dynamics of two orthogonal photoswitches, a push‐pull azobenzene and a donor‐acceptor Stenhouse adduct is reported. In order to gain detailed insight in their interactions and mutual influences on their photoswitching behavior, they are addressed individually and simultaneously via transient absorption spectroscopy supported by quantum chemical calculations. They show reversible photoswitchability and in addition, can be used in 4D printing to provide easy access to a plethora of functional devices. Furthermore, environmental influences on the excited state dynamics are examined using different solvents and thin films. Both compounds photoisomerize independently when addressed individually or simultaneously and only little impacts on the excited state dynamics are found. Especially the vibrational relaxation is affected by different surroundings changing the energy dissipation while hardly affecting the electronic states involved. The orthogonal and simultaneous addressability is thereby crucial for their usage in 4D printed microactuators.
Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Promotes Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Zhao , Zi Jiangzhi , Luan Xue , Zhong Yueqi , Qu Minghan , Wang Yuzhe , Lian Zichao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCombining metal nanoparticles (NPs) featured with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) with metal–organic framework (MOF)‐based photocatalysts is a novel means for achieving efficient separation of electron–hole pairs. Herein, the Au@NH2‐UiO‐66/CdS composites are successfully synthesized by encapsulating Au NPs with LSPR into the NH2‐UiO‐66 nanocage, further growing CdS NPs on the surface of the NH2‐UiO‐66, which exhibits higher photocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction under visible‐light irradiation than that of NH2‐UiO‐66/CdS and CdS, respectively. Transient absorption measurements reveal that MOF is not only a transit station for electrons generated from CdS to Au, but also a receiver for hot electrons generated from plasmonic Au in Au@MOF/CdS composites. Thus, the LSPR‐induced hot electron transfer from Au NPs is an important manifestation to prolong the carrier lifetime and enhance the photocatalytic performance. This work provides insights into investigating the photoinduced carrier dynamics of nanomaterials with LSPR effects for enhancing the MOF‐based photocatalytic performance.
Regeneration of Critical‐Sized Mandibular Defects Using 3D‐Printed Composite Scaffolds: A Quantitative Evaluation of New Bone Formation in In Vivo Studies
Authors: Dalfino Sophia , Savadori Paolo , Piazzoni Marco , Connelly Stephen Thaddeus , Giannì Aldo Bruno , Del Fabbro Massimo , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMandibular tissue engineering aims to develop synthetic substitutes for the regeneration of critical size defects (CSD) caused by a variety of events, including tumor surgery and post‐traumatic resections. Currently, the gold standard clinical treatment of mandibular resections (i.e., autologous fibular flap) has many drawbacks, driving research efforts toward scaffold design and fabrication by additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. Once implanted, the scaffold acts as a support for native tissue and facilitates processes that contribute to its regeneration, such as cells infiltration, matrix deposition and angiogenesis. However, to fulfil these functions, scaffolds must provide bioactivity by mimicking natural properties of the mandible in terms of structure, composition and mechanical behavior. This review aims to present the state of the art of scaffolds made with AM techniques that are specifically employed in mandibular tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials chemical composition and scaffold structural properties are deeply discussed, along with strategies to promote osteogenesis (i.e., delivery of biomolecules, incorporation of stem cells, and approaches to induce vascularization in the constructs). Finally, a comparison of in vivo studies is made by taking into consideration the amount of new bone formation (NB), the CSD dimensions, and the animal model.
Data‐Class‐Specific All‐Optical Transformations and Encryption
Authors: Bai Bijie , Wei Heming , Yang Xilin , Gan Tianyi , Mengu Deniz , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractDiffractive optical networks provide rich opportunities for visual computing tasks. Here, data‐class‐specific transformations that are all‐optically performed between the input and output fields‐of‐view (FOVs) of a diffractive network are presented. The visual information of the objects is encoded into the amplitude (A), phase (P), or intensity (I) of the optical field at the input, which is all‐optically processed by a data‐class‐specific diffractive network. At the output, an image sensor‐array directly measures the transformed patterns, all‐optically encrypted using the transformation matrices preassigned to different data classes, i.e., a separate matrix for each data class. The original input images can be recovered by applying the correct decryption key (the inverse transformation) corresponding to the matching data class, while applying any other key will lead to loss of information. All‐optical class‐specific transformations covering A → A, I → I, and P → I transformations using various image datasets are numerically demonstrated. The feasibility of this framework is also experimentally validated by fabricating class‐specific I → I transformation diffractive networks and is successfully tested at different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., 1550 nm and 0.75 mm wavelengths. Data‐class‐specific all‐optical transformations provide a fast and energy‐efficient method for image and data encryption, enhancing data security and privacy.
Volumetric Printing Across Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds Fabricates Multi‐Material Living Constructs with Tunable Architecture and Mechanics
Authors: Größbacher Gabriel , Bartolf‐Kopp Michael , Gergely Csaba , Bernal Paulina Núñez , Florczak Sammy , de Ruijter Mylène , Rodriguez Núria Ginés , Groll Jürgen , Malda Jos , Jungst Tomasz , Levato Riccardo 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMajor challenges in biofabrication revolve around capturing the complex, hierarchical composition of native tissues. However, individual 3D printing techniques have limited capacity to produce composite biomaterials with multi‐scale resolution. Volumetric bioprinting recently emerged as a paradigm‐shift in biofabrication. This ultrafast, light‐based technique sculpts cell‐laden hydrogel bioresins into 3D structures in a layerless fashion, providing enhanced design freedom over conventional bioprinting. However, it yields prints with low mechanical stability, since soft, cell‐friendly hydrogels are used. Herein, the possibility to converge volumetric bioprinting with melt electrowriting, which excels at patterning microfibers, is shown for the fabrication of tubular hydrogel‐based composites with enhanced mechanical behavior. Despite including non‐transparent melt electrowritten scaffolds in the volumetric printing process, high‐resolution bioprinted structures are successfully achieved. Tensile, burst, and bending mechanical properties of printed tubes are tuned altering the electrowritten mesh design, resulting in complex, multi‐material tubular constructs with customizable, anisotropic geometries that better mimic intricate biological tubular structures. As a proof‐of‐concept, engineered tubular structures are obtained by building trilayered cell‐laden vessels, and features (valves, branches, fenestrations) that can be rapidly printed using this hybrid approach. This multi‐technology convergence offers a new toolbox for manufacturing hierarchical and mechanically tunable multi‐material living structures.
Large‐Area Mechanically‐Exfoliated Two‐Dimensional Materials on Arbitrary Substrates
Authors: Sahu Satyam , Haider Golam , Rodriguez Alvaro , Plšek Jan , Mergl Martin , Kalbáč Martin , Frank Otakar , Velický Matěj 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAtomically‐thin crystals have been shown to be rich in fundamental phenomena and are promising for various applications. Mechanical exfoliation of (2D) materials from bulk crystals is particularly suited for fundamental studies due to the high quality of the resulting monolayer crystals. To date, several techniques have been developed to increase the exfoliation yield, however, they still suffer drawbacks. In this work, a novel method that exploits gold‐assisted exfoliation to prepare large‐area monolayers of various layered materials followed by their transfer to arbitrary substrates is introduced. X‐ray photoelectron, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopies are employed to assess the quality of the prepared layers and their optical properties. Then, field‐effect transistors and photodetectors are fabricated to demonstrate the suitability of this technique for large‐area optoelectronic devices.
2‐in‐1 Optimization for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Ziyu , Liu Lu , Wang Le , Chang Zhen , Li Jianxun , Wang Kai , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: April 2023

AbstractOrganic lead halide perovskites are regarded as qualified candidates for the photoactive layers of semitransparent solar cells. The critical aspect of boosting the performance of semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to a higher level lies in preparing perovskite films with both excellent photoelectric properties and high transmittance. Herein, it is realized that, through theoretical analysis, perovskite materials with bandgap of 2.00–2.30 eV are suitable for the preparation of semitransparent PSCs that can simultaneously achieve low thermal‐energy loss, allow transmission of light for high photopic response, and provide acceptable transmittance for photovoltaic greenhouses. Then the study aims at improving the crystallinity and morphology of wide‐bandgap perovskite films by using additive engineering. As such, PSCs with absorber bandgaps of 2.02, 2.16, and 2.32 eV deliver maximum power‐conversion efficiencies of 12.08%, 9.17%, and 8.42%, respectively. Then the corresponding semitransparent PSCs are crafted with average transmittance of light detectable by the human eye of 9.41%, 23.26%, and 43.47%, respectively. Furthermore, the crop growth factors are predicted to be 21.25%, 29.48%, and 37.07%, respectively. This work gives full play to bandgap modulation in the fabrication of semitransparent PSCs, which will broaden the application of semitransparent solar cells in the field of building integrated photovoltaics.
Carbon Dioxide Sorbent from Construction and Textile Plastic Waste
Authors: Savas Paul E. , Algozeeb Wala A. , Wang Zhe , Kittrell Carter , Wu Xiaowei , Hall Jacklyn N. , Malloy Thomas B. , Bollini Praveen , Tour James M. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractPlastic waste (PW) from textile and construction industries is rarely recycled due to the lack of economical and effective commercial recycling technologies. In this work, PW from these two sources is successfully converted into a microporous sorbent that is highly selective to carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. The synthesis of the sorbent is achieved by the pyrolysis of PW in the presence of a potassium salt activator. The properties of the sorbent can be tuned by changing the parent plastic type to get varying degrees of microporosity, surface area, and nitrogen content. The best performer, a sorbent derived from nylon 6,12, had a CO2 uptake of 19 wt% (4.32 mmol g−1) and 5 wt% (1.1 mmol g−1) at 1 and 0.1 bar, respectively. The initial estimated cost of synthesizing the sorbent is ≈$531 tonne−1 of PW making this process economically attractive compared to competitive technologies. The sorbent effectiveness in CO2 separation is demonstrated from various feeds including simulated flue gas and direct air capture. Thus, this upcycling approach can help to address two environmental challenges: PW pollution and increased atmospheric CO2 levels.
Social Life Cycle Assessment of Mexico City's Water Cycle
Authors: García Sánchez Maribel , Padilla‐Rivera Alejandro , Güereca Leonor Patricia 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThere is a need to generate micro‐scale indicators to measure progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 and 8. In this sense, this study applies Social Life Cycle Assessment, including Quality of Employment (QoE) and Adequate Public Water Supply (AWS) indicators to assess the social performance of Mexico City's water cycle to identify the level (low, medium and high) of the potential risk of social impact (PR). The results show that the labor hours (WH) required by 1m3 of water in Mexico City is equivalent to 0.062 WH. The QoE indicator shows that 94% of WH are associated with high PR due to low wages. For AWS, 5% is associated with a high PR for local communities in the Cutzamala system due to poor water quality and consumption of bottled water. This case study demonstrates that progress on QoE and AWS indicators can significantly contribute to achieving SDGs 6 and 8 in the water management of communities involved in Mexico City's water cycle.
Leveraging Coupled Solvatofluorochromism and Fluorescence Quenching in Nitrophenyl‐Containing Thiazolothiazoles for Efficient Organic Vapor Sensing
Authors: Brotherton Andrew R. , Shibu Abhishek , Meadows Jared C. , Sayresmith Nickolas A. , Brown Chloe E. , Ledezma Ana Montoya , Schmedake Thomas A. , Walter Michael G. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractSolvatofluorochromic molecules provide strikingly high fluorescent outputs to monitor a wide range of biological, environmental, or materials‐related sensing processes. Here, thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (TTz) fluorophores equipped with simple alkylamino and nitrophenyl substituents for solid‐state, high‐performance chemo‐responsive sensing applications are reported. Nitroaromatic substituents are known to strongly quench dye fluorescence, however, the TTz core subtly modulates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enabling strong, locally excited‐state fluorescence in non‐polar conditions. In polar media, a planar ICT excited‐state shows near complete quenching, enabling a twisted excited‐state emission to be observed. These unique fluorescent properties (spectral shifts of 0.13 – 0.87 eV and large transition dipole moments Δµ = 20.4 – 21.3 D) are leveraged to develop highly sought‐after chemo‐responsive, organic vapor optical sensors. The sensors are developed by embedding the TTz fluorophores within a poly(styrene‐isoprene‐styrene) block copolymer to form fluorescent dye/polymer composites (ΦF = 70 – 97%). The composites respond reversibly to a comprehensive list of organic solvents and show low vapor concentration sensing (e.g., 0.04% solvent saturation vapor pressure of THF – 66 ppm). The composite films can distinguish between solvent vapors with near complete fluorescent quenching observed when exposed to their saturated solvent vapor pressures, making this an extremely promising material for optical chemo‐responsive sensing.
Develop a Compact RNA Base Editor by Fusing ADAR with Engineered EcCas6e
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhang Renxia , Yang Dong , Li Guoling , Fan Zhanqing , Du Hongting , Wang Zikang , Liu Yuanhua , Lin Jiajia , Wu Xiaoqing , Shi Linyu , Yang Hui , Zhou Yingsi 
Published: April 2023

AbstractCatalytically inactive CRISPR‐Cas13 (dCas13)‐based base editors can achieve the conversion of adenine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) or cytidine‐to‐uridine (C‐to‐U) at the RNA level, however, the large size of dCas13 protein limits its in vivo applications. Here, a compact and efficient RNA base editor (ceRBE) is reported with high in vivo editing efficiency. The larger dCas13 protein is replaced with a 199‐amino acid EcCas6e protein, derived from the Class 1 CRISPR family involved in pre‐crRNA processing, and conducted optimization for toxicity and editing efficiency. The ceRBE efficiently achieves both A‐to‐I and C‐to‐U base editing with low transcriptome off‐target in HEK293T cells. The efficient repair of the DMD Q1392X mutation (68.3±10.1%) is also demonstrated in a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) after AAV delivery, achieving restoration of expression for gene products. The study supports that the compact and efficient ceRBE has great potential for treating genetic diseases.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Sugi Tomoyuki , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Ohara Yusuke , Furuya Kinji , Kitaguchi Daichi , Moue Shoko , Akashi Yoshimasa , Ogawa Koichi , Owada Yohei , Oda Tatsuya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAimTo investigate the risk factors for postoperative delirium among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery for gastroenterological cancer.MethodsFrom May 2020 to March 2022, patients ≥75 years old with gastroenterological cancer who underwent radical surgery were enrolled. The geriatric assessment, including evaluations of frailty, physical function, nutrition status, and cognitive function, was conducted preoperatively. The confusion assessment method was used to diagnose postoperative delirium. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for postoperative delirium.ResultsA total of 158 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. Of these 53 patients (34%) developed postoperative delirium. In the univariate analysis, the age, regular use of sleeping drugs and benzodiazepine, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, performance status, Fried's frailty score, Vulnerable Elders Survey‐13 score, grip weakness, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form score, and Mini‐Mental State Examination score were statistically associated with the incidence of postoperative delirium. In the multivariate analysis, a SPPB score ≤9, Mini Nutritional Assessment score ≤11, a Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≤24, and regular use of benzodiazepine were found to be independent preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium.ConclusionCertain findings during the preoperative geriatric assessment, especially low SPPB, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores, and regular use of benzodiazepine were risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery.
Transmission in Graphene through Tilted Barrier in Laser Field
Authors: Aitouni Rachid El , Mekkaoui Miloud , Jellal Ahmed 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe transmission of Dirac fermions in graphene through a tilted barrier potential in the presence of a laser field of frequency ω is studied. By using Floquet theory, the Dirac equation is solved and then the energy spectrum is obtained. The boundary conditions together with the transfer matrix method allow to determine the transmission probabilities corresponding to all energy bands . By limiting to the central band and the two first side bands , it is shown that the transmissions are strongly affected by the laser field and barrier. Indeed, it is found that the Klein effect is still present, a variety of oscillations are inside the barrier, and there is essentially no transmission across all bands.
Electron Acceptor Molecule Doping Induced π–π Interaction to Promote Charge Transport Kinetics for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lian , Chang Bohong , Li Hui , Wu Yutong , Zhang Luyuan , Yin Longwei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAlthough the incorporation of 2D perovskite into 3D perovskite can greatly enhance intrinsic stability, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D/3D perovskite is still inferior to its 3D counterpart due to poor carrier transport kinetics resulted from the quantum and dielectric confinement of 2D component. To overcome this issue, the electron acceptor molecule 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) was introduced to trigger intermolecular π–π interaction in 2D perovskite along with the electronic doping of 2D/3D perovskite to improve charge transfer efficiency. By virtue of high electron affinity, TCNB can undergo electron transfer reaction and subsequently establish π–π interaction with 1‐naphthalenemethylammonium (NMA) cations, greatly strengthening lattice rigidity and reducing exciton binding energy. Transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate that 2D phases are mainly distributed at grain boundaries, reducing defect density and weakening nonradiative recombination. Meanwhile, the p‐type doping of perovskite by TCNB optimizes energy level alignment at perovskite/hole transport layer interface. Consequently, PCE of champion device is significantly boosted to 24.01 %. The unencapsulated device retains an initial efficiency close to 94 % after exposure to ambient environment for over 1000 h. This work paves a novel path for designing new mixed‐dimensional perovskite solar cells with high PCE and superior stability.
Coating dense silicon carbide layer on artificial graphites to achieve synergistically enhanced thermal conductivity and electronic insulation of polymer composites
Authors: Huang Min , Tian Yexin , Kong Nizao , Liao Gen , Ye Chong , Fu Liqin , Wen Bingjie , Jia Kun , Wang Shuang , Liu Jinshui , Han Fei 
Published: April 2023

AbstractAs a potential thermal conductive filler, spherical graphite (SG) has high thermal conductivity, low density, and a good spherical shape structure. However, the poor electrical insulation of SG will seriously limit its application in highly integrated electronic device packaging. Herein, through a simple liquid–solid chemical reaction, the surface of the SG particle is firmly covered by a uniform silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic coating. Subsequently, a polycarbosilane precursor is immersed into the pore channels of the SiC layer and pyrolyzed at a high temperature to densify the coating. As compared to the original SG thermal pad, the SiC‐coated SG‐derived pad exhibits significantly enhanced electrical insulation and even higher thermal conductivity. As a result, the SiC‐coated SG‐based composite displays a high thermal conductivity of 3.36 W m−1 K−1, a satisfactory resistivity of 7.10 × 1010 Ω cm accompanied with a low density of 1.65 g/cm3. This work could provide the instructional designing protocol of the highly thermal conductive carbon‐based particles by coating ceramic layers for potential application in electronic packaging.