bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for perinatal stroke in term infants: A case–control study in Australia
Authors: Roy Bithi , Webb Annabel , Walker Karen , Morgan Catherine , Badawi Nadia , Novak Iona 
Published: February 2023

AimThe aetiology of perinatal stroke is poorly understood. This study aimed to prospectively confirm the risk factors and identify any previously unknown variables.MethodsA prospective case–control study was conducted in Australia. Univariate odds ratios (ORs), associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and multivariable logistic regression models fitted with backwards stepwise variable selection were used.ResultsSixty perinatal stroke cases reported between 2017 and 2019 included 95% (57/60) with multiple risk factors. Univariate analysis identified emergency caesarean section rather than NVD (P < 0.01), low Apgar score (<7) at 1, 5 and 10 min of age (P < 0.01), resuscitation at birth (P < 0.01), abnormal cord blood gas (P < 0.01), neonatal infection/sepsis (P < 0.01), congenital heart disease (P < 0.01) and hypoglycaemia (P < 0.01) as significant risk factors. Multivariate analysis found smoking during pregnancy (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.09–1.99), 1‐min Apgar score < 7 (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.15–2.08), 10‐min Apgar score < 7 (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.02–1.54) and hypoglycaemia (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.07–2.06).ConclusionsPerinatal stroke is associated with multiple risk factors. Exposure to smoking, 10‐min Apgar score < 7, neonatal infection and hypoglycaemia were independent risk factors. Emergency caesarean section, resuscitation at birth and abnormal cord blood gas were additional risk factors.
Effect of withholding food versus feeding on creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, cholesterol, triglycerides, and other biochemical analytes in 100 healthy dogs
Authors: Yi Katarina C. , Heseltine Johanna C. , Jeffery Nicholas D. , Cook Audrey K. , Nabity Mary B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundWithholding food is often recommended before collection of blood for routine biochemical analysis in dogs despite a paucity of evidence to support this requirement.ObjectivesTo compare measurements of selected biochemical analytes collected before and after feeding in clinically healthy dogs.AnimalsOne hundred clinically healthy staff‐ and student‐owned dogs weighing ≥15 kg.MethodsProspective observational study. Food was withheld from the dogs for 10‐26 hours. Preprandial serum was collected, and then dogs were fed their usual food at an amount equivalent to at least 2/3 resting energy requirement (RER). Selected serum analytes were measured at 2‐, 4‐, 6‐, and 8‐hours postprandially. The proportion of postprandial values that exceeded either the reported allowable total error (TEa), or for symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), the reference change value (RCV), was determined. As neither TEa nor RCV is available for lipase, comparison was made to the high end of the reference interval (RI).ResultsThe proportion of dogs with at least 1 postprandial measurement that exceeded the TEa or RCV was 92/100 for triglycerides, 66/100 for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), 46/100 for phosphorus, 17/100 for glucose, 9/100 for bilirubin, 5/100 for SDMA, 2/100 for creatinine, and 0/100 for cholesterol and albumin. Postprandial lipase never exceeded the RI in dogs with normal fasted lipase.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceWithholding food is generally not necessary before performing routine biochemical analysis in clinically healthy dogs. Withholding food might be helpful to limit variability in analytes impacted by feeding, such as triglycerides and phosphorus.
Utility of 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero glutaric acid‐(6′‐methylresorufin)‐ester‐lipase for monitoring dogs with chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Kuzi Sharon , Adlersberg Dana , Aroch Itamar , Segev Gilad 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero glutaric acid‐(6′‐methylresorufin)‐ester‐(DGGR)‐lipase activity (DLA) in monitoring clinical progression of chronic pancreatitis (CP) in dogs is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association of DLA with clinical signs of CP, as assessed by a CP clinical severity score (CPCSS).Animals:Twenty‐four dogs.MethodsThis is a retrospective study. Chronic pancreatitis was diagnosed based on clinical signs and DLA > 250 U/L and monitored using CPCSS and DLA.ResultsThe study included 134 visits (median, 10 visits/dog; range, 2‐11). Mild‐moderate (CPCSS, 0‐3) and severe (CPCSS, ≥4) disease were documented in 94 (70%) and 40 (30%) visits, respectively. In emergency visits (n = 44; 33%) CPCSS (median, 5; range, 0‐15) and DLA (median, 534 U/L; range, 63‐7133) were higher (P < .001 andP = .003, respectively) than in scheduled ones (n = 90; 67%; median, 1; range, 0‐6 and median, 384 U/L; range, 49‐3747, respectively). DGGR‐lipase activity was associated (P = .009) with the CPCSS, with a lower activity documented in mild‐moderate CPCSS (median 391 U/L; range, 49‐3747), compared to severe score (median, 558 U/L; range, 63‐7133). DGGR‐lipase activity was significantly, but weakly, correlated with CPSS (r = 0.233,P = .007). DGGR‐lipase activity inefficiently discriminated mild‐moderate vs severe CP (area under the receiver operator characteristics curve, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.53‐0.75;P = .012), with DLA cutoff of 428 U/L corresponding to sensitivity of 65% and specificity of 63%.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased DLA is associated with emergency revisits in dogs with CP, possibly reflecting acute flare‐ups. DGGR‐lipase activity was associated with the CPCSS over the follow‐ups but could not differentiate disease severity.
The RNA–RNA interactome between a phage and its satellite virus reveals a small RNA that differentially regulates gene expression across both genomes
Authors: Dunham Drew T. , Angermeyer Angus , Seed Kimberley D. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSatellite viruses are present across all domains of life, defined as subviral parasites that require infection by another virus for satellite progeny production. Phage satellites exhibit various regulatory mechanisms to manipulate phage gene expression to the benefit of the satellite, redirecting resources from the phage to the satellite, and often inhibiting phage progeny production. While small RNAs (sRNAs) are well documented as regulators of prokaryotic gene expression, they have not been shown to play a regulatory role in satellite‐phage conflicts. Vibrio cholerae encodes the phage inducible chromosomal island‐like element (PLE), a phage satellite, to defend itself against the lytic phage ICP1. Here, we use Hi‐GRIL‐seq to identify a complex RNA–RNA interactome between PLE and ICP1. Both inter‐ and intragenome RNA interactions were detected, headlined by the PLE sRNA, SviR. SviR is involved in regulating both PLE and ICP1 gene expression uniquely, decreasing ICP1 target translation and affecting PLE transcripts. The striking conservation of SviR across all known PLEs suggests the sRNA is deeply rooted in the PLE‐ICP1 conflict and implicates sRNAs as unidentified regulators of gene expression in phage–satellite interactions.
Neutropenia‐related aspergillosis in non‐transplant haematological patients hospitalised under ambient air versus purified air conditions
Authors: Friese Christina , Breuckmann Katharina , Hüttmann Andreas , Eisele Lewin , Dührsen Ulrich 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundTo reduce the risk of invasive aspergillosis (IA), air purification by high‐efficiency particulate air filtration and laminar air flow (HEPA/LAF) is standard of care in allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Its use in non‐transplant haematological patients is inconsistent.ObjectivesWe sought to assess the incidence and outcome of pulmonary IA in non‐transplant patients with life‐threatening neutropenia by comparing an ambient air hospitalisation period (2008–2011) with a subsequent HEPA/LAF hospitalisation period (2012–2014).Patients and MethodsWe compared 204 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or aplastic anaemia completing 534 neutropenia‐related hospitalisations under ambient air conditions with 126 such patients completing 437 neutropenia‐related hospitalisations under HEPA/LAF conditions. IA was defined using the 2008 EORTC/MSG criteria.ResultsWithin a 7‐year study period, we observed one ‘proven’, three ‘probable’ and 73 ‘possible’ IAs, most often during acute leukaemia remission induction. Their frequency rose with increasing duration of life‐threatening neutropenia (1–10 days, 1.8%; >40 days, 35.2%) and concomitant severe anaemia (0 days, 3.2%; >20 days, 31.0%). Multiple logistic regression revealed a strong correlation between IA incidence and hospitalisation under HEPA/LAF conditions (odds ratio [OR], 0.368 [95% confidence interval, 0.207–0.654]; p < .001) and duration of neutropenia (OR, 1.043 [1.023–1.062] per day; p < .001) and anaemia (OR, 1.044 [1.008–1.081] per day; p = .016). IA‐associated fatal outcomes were non‐significantly reduced under HEPA/LAF (OR, 0.077 [0.005–1.151]; p = .063). The protective effect of HEPA/LAF was not seen under posaconazole prophylaxis (OR, 0.856 [0.376–1.950]; p = .711).ConclusionsImplementation of HEPA/LAF was associated with a significant reduction in neutropenia‐related IA in non‐transplant haematological patients.
Biotinylated Tn5 transposase‐mediated CUT&Tag efficiently profiles transcription factor‐DNA interactions in plants
Authors: Tao Xiao‐Yuan , Guan Xue‐Ying , Hong Gao‐Jie , He Yu‐Qing , Li Su‐Juan , Feng Shou‐Li , Wang Jian , Chen Guang , Xu Fei , Wang Jia‐Wei , Xu Sheng‐Chun 
Published: February 2023

SummaryIn contrast to CUT&Tag approaches for profiling bulk histone modifications, current CUT&Tag methods for analysing specific transcription factor (TF)‐DNA interactions remain technically challenging due to TFs having relatively low abundance. Moreover, an efficient CUT&Tag strategy for plant TFs is not yet available. Here, we first applied biotinylated Tn5 transposase‐mediated CUT&Tag (B‐CUT&Tag) to produce high‐quality libraries for interrogating TF‐DNA interactions. B‐CUT&Tag combines streptavidin‐biotin‐based DNA purification with routine CUT&Tag, optimizing the removal of large amounts of intact chromatin not targeted by specific TFs. The biotinylated chromatin fragments are then purified for construction of deep sequencing libraries or qPCR analysis. We applied B‐CUT&Tag to probe genome‐wide DNA targets of Squamosa promoter‐binding‐like protein 9 (SPL9), a well‐established TF in Arabidopsis; the resulting profiles were efficient and consistent in demonstrating its well‐established target genes in juvenile‐adult transition/flowering, trichome development, flavonoid biosynthesis, wax synthesis and branching. Interestingly, our results indicate functions of AtSPL9 in modulating growth‐defence trade‐offs. In addition, we established a method for applying qPCR after CUT&Tag (B‐CUT&Tag‐qPCR) and successfully validated the binding of SPL9 in Arabidopsis and PHR2 in rice. Our study thus provides a convenient and highly efficient CUT&Tag strategy for profiling TF‐chromatin interactions that is widely applicable to the annotation of cis‐regulatory elements for crop improvement.
New woodlands created adjacent to existing woodlands grow faster, taller and have higher structural diversity than isolated counterparts
Authors: Hughes Samuel , Kunin William , Watts Kevin , Ziv Guy 
Published: February 2023

Creating native woodland is a policy goal globally, and one strategy to maximize woodland creation benefits in limited space is to target efforts to extend existing woodlands. There is evidence to support spatially targeting habitat creation for biodiversity, however, there is little evidence of how this affects a habitat's structural development. Here, a space‐for‐time study using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data assesses how the structure of recently created woodlands, are affected by the presence of an adjacent older woodland. Recently created native woodlands were identified across the Isle of Wight UK using historical maps and satellite imagery. Canopy height and foliage height diversity were derived for all woodlands from LiDAR data collected at two different time points (2011 and 2021), and linear models were used to test for any differences in these structural metrics between sites with an adjacent older woodland, and those without. The percentage change in woodland height between the two time points was also tested. In woodlands created adjacent to older woodlands, canopy height was found to be higher by an average of nearly 2 m, and foliage height diversity was found to be on average 4.7% higher, using the 2021 data. Growth rates between 2011 and 2021 were not significantly different between the groups, although young adjacent woodlands grew the most on average. This research shows that creating woodlands adjacent to existing older woodlands reduces the time taken to create tall and to a lesser extent structurally diverse habitat, which may lead to early biodiversity benefits.
Dental innovations which will influence the oral health care of baby boomers
Authors: Hartshorn Jennifer E , Nair Rohit U 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFrom the widespread use of smartphones and tablets to the multitude of applications available, older adults are showing an interest in utilizing technology to maintain their independence and to improve their quality of life. As technology continues to advance and be incorporated into many day‐to‐day activities, the baby boom generation will see these changes affecting the way they access and utilize dental services. Innovative toothbrushes and chemotherapeutics are continuing to be developed and utilized by many older adults. Within the dental office, older adults are seeing greater application of technology in every day dental procedures. These include the use of teledentistry, artificial intelligence (AI), innovative restorative materials, digitization of fixed and removable prosthodontics, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to guide dental implant placement and endodontic procedures. There is also new technology to aid in cancer detection and shielding during cancer treatment. Improved communication between the medical and dental fields has become increasingly necessary to facilitate effective patient care and a few innovative healthcare systems have begun to consolidate these services. Overall, the baby boom generation will continue to see dental innovations that will change the way they experience everyday life and dental services.
Deep‐water sedimentary systems and tectono–sedimentary interactions on the oblique convergent margin in Antarctica
Authors: Liu Shan , Yang Chupeng , Yin Shaoru , Zhuo Haiteng , Su Ming , Luo Kunwen , Xu Ziying , Zhu Rongwei , Liang Zijun 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTActive continental margins are tectonic sites with complex sedimentary processes. Tectono–sedimentary interactions occur over geological time and determine the modern morphology of the margin. However, such interactions have been poorly documented in high‐latitude regions. This study focuses on deep‐water sedimentary systems on the South Shetland convergent margin, which is the only remaining active continental margin in Antarctica. Numerous gullies, 20 canyons and three contourite drifts are identified by interpreting bathymetry, oceanography and reflection seismic data. Heavy mineral contents of a gravity core, located at a downslope elongated mounded drift, show the asynchronous interplay of downslope and alongslope processes. The rest of the margin is dominated by turbidity currents. Variations in the slope gradient control thalweg profiles and sinuosity of canyons. Tectonic‐related morphology restricts the distribution of contourite drifts. Earthquakes triggered by underplating and tectonic compression may induce slope instability at the lower flank of the plastered drift. Tectonic uplift influences the amount of sediments transported by ice sheets and controls the shelf stacking pattern. The mixed turbidite–contourite system transitions to separated canyon and drift systems from passive to active continental margins under the influence of the tectonic‐related morphology. A systematic comparison has been made among several convergent margins with similar tectonic settings. Results suggest that submarine canyons on these shelf‐slope systems have similar morphological features and are comparable in size. Coarse sediment input and steep continental slopes (mean slope 7 to 10°) control the canyon morphology on these margins. Therefore, this research has important implications for furthering the current understanding of sedimentary systems on high‐latitude convergent margins and tectono–sedimentary interactions.
Biochemical and structural basis of polyamine, lysine and ornithine acetylation catalyzed by spermine/spermidine N‐acetyl transferase in moss and maize
Authors: Bělíček Jakub , Ľuptáková Eva , Kopečný David , Frömmel Jan , Vigouroux Armelle , Ćavar Zeljković Sanja , Jagic Franjo , Briozzo Pierre , Kopečný David Jaroslav , Tarkowski Petr , Nisler Jaroslav , De Diego Nuria , Moréra Solange , Kopečná Martina 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYPolyamines such as spermidine and spermine are essential regulators of cell growth, differentiation, maintenance of ion balance and abiotic stress tolerance. Their levels are controlled by the spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase (SSAT) via acetylation to promote either their degradation or export outside the cell as shown in mammals. Plant genomes contain at least one gene coding for SSAT (also named NATA for N‐AcetylTransferase Activity). Combining kinetics, HPLC‐MS and crystallography, we show that three plant SSATs, one from the lower plant moss Physcomitrium patens and two from the higher plant Zea mays, acetylate various aliphatic polyamines and two amino acids lysine (Lys) and ornithine (Orn). Thus, plant SSATs exhibit a broad substrate specificity, unlike more specific human SSATs (hSSATs) as hSSAT1 targets polyamines, whereas hSSAT2 acetylates Lys and thiaLys. The crystal structures of two PpSSAT ternary complexes, one with Lys and CoA, the other with acetyl‐CoA and polyethylene glycol (mimicking spermine), reveal a different binding mode for polyamine versus amino acid substrates accompanied by structural rearrangements of both the coenzyme and the enzyme. Two arginine residues, unique among plant SSATs, hold the carboxyl group of amino acid substrates. The most abundant acetylated compound accumulated in moss was N6‐acetyl‐Lys, whereas N5‐acetyl‐Orn, known to be toxic for aphids, was found in maize. Both plant species contain very low levels of acetylated polyamines. The present study provides a detailed biochemical and structural basis of plant SSAT enzymes that can acetylate a wide range of substrates and likely play various roles in planta.
Genome assembly, resequencing and genome‐wide association analyses provide novel insights into the origin, evolution and flower colour variations of flowering cherry
Authors: Nie Chaoren , Zhang Yingjie , Zhang Xiaoqin , Xia Wensheng , Sun Hongbing , Zhang Sisi , Li Na , Ding Zhaoquan , Lv Yingmin , Wang Nian 
Published: February 2023

SUMMARYFlowering cherry is a very popular species around the world. High‐quality genome resources for different elite cultivars are needed, and the understanding of their origins and the regulation of key ornamental traits are limited for this tree. Here, a high‐quality chromosome‐scale genome of Prunus campanulata ‘Plena’ (PCP), which is a native and elite flowering cherry cultivar in China, was generated. The contig N50 of the genome was 18.31 Mb, and 99.98% of its contigs were anchored to eight chromosomes. Furthermore, a total of 306 accessions of flowering cherry germplasm and six lines of outgroups were collected. Resequencing of these 312 lines was performed, and 761 267 high‐quality genomic variants were obtained. The origins of flowering cherry were predicted, and these 306 accessions could be classified into three clades, A, B and C. According to phylogenetic analysis, we predicted two origins of flowering cherry. Flowering cherry in clade A originated in southern China, such as in the Himalayan Mountains, while clades B and C originated in northeastern China. Finally, a genome‐wide association study of flower colour was performed for all 312 accessions of flowering cherry germplasm. A total of seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified. One gene encoding glycosylate transferase was predicted as the candidate gene for one QTL. Taken together, our results provide a valuable genomic resource and novel insights into the origin, evolution and flower colour variations of flowering cherry.
A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans
Authors: Hisey Erin A. , Galor Anat , Leonard Brian C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDry eye disease is a complex ophthalmic disorder that consists of two main subtypes, aqueous deficient dry eye (ADDE) and evaporative dry eye disease (EDED). Due to the complex underlying physiology, human dry eye disease can be difficult to model in laboratory animal species. Thus, the identification and characterization of a spontaneous large animal model of dry eye disease is desirable. Dogs have been described as an ideal spontaneous model of ADDE due to the similar pathophysiology between dogs and humans. Recently, EDED and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) have been increasingly recognized and reported in dogs. These reports on EDED and MGD in dogs have identified similarities in pathophysiology, clinical presentations, and diagnostic parameters to humans with the comparable disorders. Additionally, the tests that are used to diagnose EDED and MGD in humans are more easily applicable to dogs than to laboratory species due to the comparable globe sizes between dogs and humans. The reported response of dogs to EDED and MGD therapies are similar to humans, suggesting that they would be a valuable preclinical model for the development of additional therapeutics. Further research and clinical awareness of EDED and MGD in dogs would increase their ability to be utilized as a preclinical model, improving the positive predictive value of therapeutics for EDED and MGD in both humans and dogs.
Comparative Study of Different Tube Geometries of Evacuated Tube Solar Collector
Authors: Sonowal Juri , Bhowmik Mrinal , Muthukumar P. , Anandalakshmi R. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This study investigates the thermal performance of an evacuated U-tube solar collector (ETSC) using different tube geometrical configurations. The effect of tube geometry on the overall collector efficiency is numerically analyzed and compared with experimental results. Three different ETSC configurations made of copper viz., Model 1 (M1) having one inlet and two outlets, Model 2 (M2) having one inlet and three outlets, and Model 3 (M3) having one inlet and four outlets are considered. An overall rise in temperature of heat transfer fluid at the outlets for each model is predicted and compared with a conventional U-tube (CT) for different mass flowrates and solar insolations to evaluate the collector performance. In comparison with the CT, the outlet temperature of the M3 and M1 is higher by 46.2% and 40.3%, respectively. M2 gives a nearly similar fluid outlet temperature as M1. A maximum of 35.4% enhancement in heat gain compared to the CT is observed for M3 (which is best among modified configurations) under similar operating conditions. However, at 788 W/m2 solar insolation and a constant mass flowrate of 0.0167 kg/s, the estimated thermal efficiency of M1 is higher among the three models which is 33.5% higher than the CT. The experimental results closely approximate the numerical predictions with a deviation of ± 1.1 °C. From the economic evaluation of the modified collectors, a minimum payback period of 2.5 years was observed for Model 1 which is the shortest among the investigated ETSC systems.