bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redefining Classical Theory of Humours (Akhlat) with Emphasis on
Khilt-e-Sauda (Black Bile) Through its Physiological Role
Authors: Riaz Arshi , Ali Ferasat , Noor Huma , Rizvi Asim 
Published: March 2023

Background:
According to Hippocrates, Akhlat is of four types, i.e., Dam (Blood),
Balgham (Phlegm), Safra (Yellow Bile), and Sauda (Black Bile). The correct proportion of these
fluids in the body, in terms of quality and quantity, leads to health, while their irregular distribution
leads to diseases. The argument presented in this paper will encompass both Tabayi and Ghair
Tabayi Sauda.

Objective:
However, in light of recent advances in the area of molecular biology and biochemistry
of the human body, we aim to discuss Sauda as a Khilt in the context of human physiology. We
propose that the chemico-biological / physiological role of the molecule rather than its structure
will define its placement in Khilt-e-Sauda.

Conclusion:
Chemico/biological role of the molecule may change with the physiological context,
and hence the placement of the molecule previously included in the Khilt-e-Sauda, may or may not
remain in that categorization at that point in time in that physiological state.
Review on the Role of Nanomaterials in Membrane Fabrication via Additive Manufacturing for Gas Separation
Authors: Shi Linggao , Cheong Ying Huay , Lai Li Sze , Yeap Swee Pin , Yeong Yin Fong 
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
By virtue of the rapid development of technologies in the era of Industrial Revolution 4.0,
additive manufacturing technology enables faster production, diverse raw materials, infinite shapes
and geometries for fine products as compared to traditional manufacturing methods. Among many
manufacturing materials, nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention due to their wide variety,
high strength, and effect of catalytic, quantum, surface and boundary. From the aspect of an industrial
manufacturing process, the practical advantages of using additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate
nanomaterial-incorporated membranes for gas separation are valuable. This paper reviews the potential
of using additive manufacturing in the fabrication of membranes incorporated with nanomaterials
for gas separation.
The indexing trajectory of the Revista Ciências em Saúde
Authors: De Moraes Silva Melissa Andreia , Cardoso Rodolfo Souza 
Published: March 2023

Scientific publications disseminate knowledge, grant intellectual property to authors, and serve as memory and source of knowledge produced. They must also serve as a social institution, attributing prestige and recognition to authors, institutions, editors, and reviewers, which is essential in defining and legitimating knowledge. In addition, the publication of articles is a requirement of many medical societies to obtain titles and recognition of the validity of research.
Digital Health Data Quality Issues: Systematic Review
Authors: Syed Rehan , Eden Rebekah , Makasi Tendai , Chukwudi Ignatius , Mamudu Azumah , Kamalpour Mostafa , Kapugama Geeganage Dakshi , Sadeghianasl Sareh , Leemans Sander J J , Goel Kanika , Andrews Robert , Wynn Moe Thandar , ter Hofstede Arthur , Myers Trina 
Published: March 2023

Background
The promise of digital health is principally dependent on the ability to electronically capture data that can be analyzed to improve decision-making. However, the ability to effectively harness data has proven elusive, largely because of the quality of the data captured. Despite the importance of data quality (DQ), an agreed-upon DQ taxonomy evades literature. When consolidated frameworks are developed, the dimensions are often fragmented, without consideration of the interrelationships among the dimensions or their resultant impact.

Objective
The aim of this study was to develop a consolidated digital health DQ dimension and outcome (DQ-DO) framework to provide insights into 3 research questions: What are the dimensions of digital health DQ? How are the dimensions of digital health DQ related? and What are the impacts of digital health DQ?

Methods
Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a developmental systematic literature review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature focusing on digital health DQ in predominately hospital settings. A total of 227 relevant articles were retrieved and inductively analyzed to identify digital health DQ dimensions and outcomes. The inductive analysis was performed through open coding, constant comparison, and card sorting with subject matter experts to identify digital health DQ dimensions and digital health DQ outcomes. Subsequently, a computer-assisted analysis was performed and verified by DQ experts to identify the interrelationships among the DQ dimensions and relationships between DQ dimensions and outcomes. The analysis resulted in the development of the DQ-DO framework.

Results
The digital health DQ-DO framework consists of 6 dimensions of DQ, namely accessibility, accuracy, completeness, consistency, contextual validity, and currency; interrelationships among the dimensions of digital health DQ, with consistency being the most influential dimension impacting all other digital health DQ dimensions; 5 digital health DQ outcomes, namely clinical, clinician, research-related, business process, and organizational outcomes; and relationships between the digital health DQ dimensions and DQ outcomes, with the consistency and accessibility dimensions impacting all DQ outcomes.

Conclusions
The DQ-DO framework developed in this study demonstrates the complexity of digital health DQ and the necessity for reducing digital health DQ issues. The framework further provides health care executives with holistic insights into DQ issues and resultant outcomes, which can help them prioritize which DQ-related problems to tackle first.
Scoring Single-Response Multiple-Choice Items: Scoping Review and Comparison of Different Scoring Methods
Authors: Kanzow Amelie Friederike , Schmidt Dennis , Kanzow Philipp 
Published: March 2023

Background
Single-choice items (eg, best-answer items, alternate-choice items, single true-false items) are 1 type of multiple-choice items and have been used in examinations for over 100 years. At the end of every examination, the examinees’ responses have to be analyzed and scored to derive information about examinees’ true knowledge.

Objective
The aim of this paper is to compile scoring methods for individual single-choice items described in the literature. Furthermore, the metric expected chance score and the relation between examinees’ true knowledge and expected scoring results (averaged percentage score) are analyzed. Besides, implications for potential pass marks to be used in examinations to test examinees for a predefined level of true knowledge are derived.

Methods
Scoring methods for individual single-choice items were extracted from various databases (ERIC, PsycInfo, Embase via Ovid, MEDLINE via PubMed) in September 2020. Eligible sources reported on scoring methods for individual single-choice items in written examinations including but not limited to medical education. Separately for items with n=2 answer options (eg, alternate-choice items, single true-false items) and best-answer items with n=5 answer options (eg, Type A items) and for each identified scoring method, the metric expected chance score and the expected scoring results as a function of examinees’ true knowledge using fictitious examinations with 100 single-choice items were calculated.

Results
A total of 21 different scoring methods were identified from the 258 included sources, with varying consideration of correctly marked, omitted, and incorrectly marked items. Resulting credit varied between –3 and +1 credit points per item. For items with n=2 answer options, expected chance scores from random guessing ranged between –1 and +0.75 credit points. For items with n=5 answer options, expected chance scores ranged between –2.2 and +0.84 credit points. All scoring methods showed a linear relation between examinees’ true knowledge and the expected scoring results. Depending on the scoring method used, examination results differed considerably: Expected scoring results from examinees with 50% true knowledge ranged between 0.0% (95% CI 0% to 0%) and 87.5% (95% CI 81.0% to 94.0%) for items with n=2 and between –60.0% (95% CI –60% to –60%) and 92.0% (95% CI 86.7% to 97.3%) for items with n=5.

Conclusions
In examinations with single-choice items, the scoring result is not always equivalent to examinees’ true knowledge. When interpreting examination scores and setting pass marks, the number of answer options per item must usually be taken into account in addition to the scoring method used.
Artificial Intelligence for the Prediction and Early Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Scoping Review
Authors: Jan Zainab , El Assadi Farah , Abd-alrazaq Alaa , Jithesh Puthen Veettil 
Published: March 2023

Background
Pancreatic cancer is the 12th most common cancer worldwide, with an overall survival rate of 4.9%. Early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is essential for timely treatment and survival. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides advanced models and algorithms for better diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective
This study aims to explore AI models used for the prediction and early diagnosis of pancreatic cancers as reported in the literature.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted and reported in line with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, BioRXiv, and MedRxiv were explored to identify relevant articles. Study selection and data extraction were independently conducted by 2 reviewers. Data extracted from the included studies were synthesized narratively.

Results
Of the 1185 publications, 30 studies were included in the scoping review. The included articles reported the use of AI for 6 different purposes. Of these included articles, AI techniques were mostly used for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (14/30, 47%). Radiological images (14/30, 47%) were the most frequently used data in the included articles. Most of the included articles used data sets with a size of <1000 samples (11/30, 37%). Deep learning models were the most prominent branch of AI used for pancreatic cancer diagnosis in the studies, and the convolutional neural network was the most used algorithm (18/30, 60%). Six validation approaches were used in the included studies, of which the most frequently used approaches were k-fold cross-validation (10/30, 33%) and external validation (10/30, 33%). A higher level of accuracy (99%) was found in studies that used support vector machine, decision trees, and k-means clustering algorithms.

Conclusions
This review presents an overview of studies based on AI models and algorithms used to predict and diagnose pancreatic cancer patients. AI is expected to play a vital role in advancing pancreatic cancer prediction and diagnosis. Further research is required to provide data that support clinical decisions in health care.
Evaluating Conversational Agents for Mental Health: Scoping Review of Outcomes and Outcome Measurement Instruments
Authors: Jabir Ahmad Ishqi , Martinengo Laura , Lin Xiaowen , Torous John , Subramaniam Mythily , Tudor Car Lorainne 
Published: March 2023

Background
Rapid proliferation of mental health interventions delivered through conversational agents (CAs) calls for high-quality evidence to support their implementation and adoption. Selecting appropriate outcomes, instruments for measuring outcomes, and assessment methods are crucial for ensuring that interventions are evaluated effectively and with a high level of quality.

Objective
We aimed to identify the types of outcomes, outcome measurement instruments, and assessment methods used to assess the clinical, user experience, and technical outcomes in studies that evaluated the effectiveness of CA interventions for mental health.

Methods
We undertook a scoping review of the relevant literature to review the types of outcomes, outcome measurement instruments, and assessment methods in studies that evaluated the effectiveness of CA interventions for mental health. We performed a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase (Ovid), PsychINFO, and Web of Science, as well as Google Scholar and Google. We included experimental studies evaluating CA mental health interventions. The screening and data extraction were performed independently by 2 review authors in parallel. Descriptive and thematic analyses of the findings were performed.

Results
We included 32 studies that targeted the promotion of mental well-being (17/32, 53%) and the treatment and monitoring of mental health symptoms (21/32, 66%). The studies reported 203 outcome measurement instruments used to measure clinical outcomes (123/203, 60.6%), user experience outcomes (75/203, 36.9%), technical outcomes (2/203, 1.0%), and other outcomes (3/203, 1.5%). Most of the outcome measurement instruments were used in only 1 study (150/203, 73.9%) and were self-reported questionnaires (170/203, 83.7%), and most were delivered electronically via survey platforms (61/203, 30.0%). No validity evidence was cited for more than half of the outcome measurement instruments (107/203, 52.7%), which were largely created or adapted for the study in which they were used (95/107, 88.8%).

Conclusions
The diversity of outcomes and the choice of outcome measurement instruments employed in studies on CAs for mental health point to the need for an established minimum core outcome set and greater use of validated instruments. Future studies should also capitalize on the affordances made available by CAs and smartphones to streamline the evaluation and reduce participants’ input burden inherent to self-reporting.
Android-Based Mobile Application for Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Puspitasari Hesty , Maharani Ruth Febry , Setyawan Wawan Herry , Primasari Yusniari 
Published: March 2023

The improvements in technology have made it inevitable to use in learning vocabulary. It is an undeniable fact that learning styles affect the use of applications. Accordingly, this study is aimed to analyze the efficacy of mobile applications based on Android for learning vocabulary to tenth-level learners. At this point, the product is a mobile application for learning vocabulary completed with teachers’ and students’ books for learning guides. The researchers apply Research and Development with 20 students and five teachers as research participants randomly from two Senior High Schools. The instruments used tests, guiding interviews, guiding Observations, and questionnaire. The process data is collected by systematically searching and arranging the interview transcript, field notes, validation expert, and other materials you accumulate to support the data found. Then the researchers analyze data using triangulation data. The results of the first step prove that problem-solving abilities are shown; students need help remembering unfamiliar and mastering the meaning of foreign words. The result of the design and Development indicates that the Mobile Application was valid. The results of the product experiment prove that this form is appropriate to be applied to students in vocabulary upgrading and is claimed to be sourced in general. At the same time, the product test result shows that the essential has an important effect on students’ vocabulary. The “Vocabulary App” media improves students' vocabulary.
The Professional Development of Teachers in Türkiye: First-Year Outputs of the New Approach by the Ministry of National Education
Authors: ÖZER Mahmut , SUNA Hayri Eren 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: The trainings for teachers’ professional development were planned and implemented by the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) for a long time in Türkiye. The MoNE has improved the teachers’ professional training system in late 2021 considering the teacher needs, school autonomy and recent research results on effective training policies. This study aims to evaluate the results from the first year of new approach via teacher participation and satisfaction data.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is design as a casual-comparative research. The teacher population data from the last five years to evaluate the participation and satisfaction within comparative approach. The participation and satisfaction are measured via official participation data and teacher training survey by MoNE.
Findings: Results show that the new approach led a great boost in both the total- and individual participation in 2022. The improvement in participation reflected in all ISCED levels. The gender- and seniority distribution have become more balanced. Teachers’ satisfaction has maximized in all aspects of trainings in 2022.
Highlights: The new approach by MoNE has led a great increase in the participation: almost all teachers in Turkish education system participated the in-service trainings. New approach considering teacher needs and flexibility have a substantial potential for developing the teachers’ professional development.
Aspek Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Lingkungan Ekowisata Subak Sembung, Kelurahan Peguyangan, Kecamatan Denpasar Utara, Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali
Authors: TOGATOROP TIO TAPIANTA , WIJAYANTI PUTU UDAYANI , ANGGREINI I. G. A. A. LIES 
Published: March 2023

Social, Economic, and Environmental Aspects in Subak Sembung as Ecotourism, Peguyangan Village, North Denpasar District, Bali
Bali is part of the Indonesian territory that relies on the agricultural sector to meet the needs of the community as well as to support its tourism activities. Subak Sembung has been conserved and inaugurated as an ecotourism site in 2014 by the Denpasar City Government. Currently, Subak Sembung has 103 hectares of land and it has the largest green land in the city center, then known as the lungs of Denpasar City. This research is conducted with the aim of analyzing the social, economic, and environmental aspects in Subak Sembung as ecotourism in Peguyangan Village, North Denpasar District, Bali. The sample size is 35 people and generated by using simple random sampling. The data analysis method used is the descriptive qualitative analysis. The results shows that Subak Sembung as ecotourism in terms of social aspects measured from three indicators, namely the high level of knowledge of farmers about ecotourism, positive responses of farmers to ecotourism, and high skills of farmers in farming. The economic aspect measured in terms of economic benefits is relatively high, and the environmental aspect can be said to be good in terms of natural resource conservation is fairly high and facilities in the form of counseling and coaching are carried out quite often.
QUEDAS E FATORES ASSOCIADOS ENTRE IDOSOS ATENDIDOS EM UMA CLÍNICA ESCOLA: UM ESTUDO DE COORTE
Authors: Borges Cíntia Lira , Mapurunga Marcelo Vasconcelos , De Vasconcelos Davi José Barros , Peixoto Júnior Arnaldo Aires , Lima José Wellington de Oliveira 
Published: March 2023

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência, a incidência e os fatores associados a quedas entre idosos atendidos em uma clínica escola. Método: O estudo foi dividido em dois componentes, sendo o seguimento transversal de agosto de 2016 a novembro de 2018 (n=129), e o de coorte de agosto de 2018 a novembro de 2018 (n=66). Realizaram-se análises estatísticas, a partir da Regressão Múltipla de Poisson, entre o desfecho e as características sociodemográficas e de saúde. Resultados: A prevalência e a incidência de quedas foram de 44,2% e 36,4%, respectivamente. Na análise de regressão múltipla de Poisson do estudo transversal, as variáveis sintomas dispépticos, baixos valores no teste Time Up and Go e ter hipertensão foram associadas com a variável queda. No estudo de coorte, a análise reforçou associação entre não ser ex-etilista e ter constipação. Conclusão: Considera-se elevada a prevalência e incidência de quedas entre os idosos avaliados, e ressalta-se a necessidade de identificação de grupos mais susceptíveis a esse desfecho.
Ownership Structure and Information Disclosure in Sub- Saharan African Countries
Authors: Munisi G. 
Published: March 2023

Purpose: This study examines the association between ownership structure and information disclosure using a sample of the listed non-financial firms in Sub-Saharan African countries.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed quantitative methods to examine the relationship between ownership structure and information disclosure. The population was non-financial firms listed in eleven countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Data were sourced from the listed firms’ annual reports available online. The regression analysis was done using the fractional probit model. The dependent variable is the disclosure index which was developed using scores of various attributes of information disclosure through analysis of annual reports to identify whether the attributes were included in the annual reports. The firm scored 1 if the attribute was included in the annual report and zero otherwise. Thereafter, the scores were aggregated to obtain actual scores for each individual firm. Finally, the average score was computed by dividing aggregated actual score value by the expected score value.
Findings: Findings indicate that concentrated ownership is significantly negatively associated with disclosure. Furthermore, the findings show government and foreign ownerships are positively and significantly associated with information disclosure. This study shows the effects of ownership structure on disclosure. Overall, the findings indicate that ownership structure is related to information disclosure.
Research Limitation/Implication: This study focused on non-financial listed firms which their annual reports were available online. The interpretation of the results of these studies needs to consider this bias as may affect the generalizability of the results to all firms including those which do provide annual reports online.
Practical Implications: The finding implies reforms should consider the presence of different characteristics of firms, in particular ownership structure, and their impacts on the firm propensity to disclose information.
Social Implications: More specifically, the finding suggests that applying simple policies to specify types and levels of disclosure requirements to all firms may not be realistic because the concept of one size fits all may not be applicable.
Originality/Value/Novelty: The study provides highlights on determinants of information disclosure which is one of the mechanisms for monitoring agency problems resulting from the conflict of interests between internal and external stakeholders of the firm. In this regard, this study extends research on the nexus of ownership structure and information disclosure to developing countries’ context and therefore contributes to understanding corporate governance around the globe.