bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative study of acetic acid emissions from historical cellulose acetate at room conditions
Authors: Novak M. , Grau-Bové J. , Rijavec T. , Kraševec I. , Kralj-Cigić I. , De Stefani C. , Checkley-Scott C. , Strlič M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Historic objects made of cellulose acetate are potential sources of indoor pollution in heritage collections. As these objects degrade, volatile organic compounds, including acetic acid, are produced and emitted. High concentrations of acetic acid can increase the degradation rate of both organic and inorganic objects stored nearby. In this study, micro-invasive sampling and ion chromatography were used to quantify acetic acid emission rates from objects made of cellulose acetate, including 3D objects and photographic negatives. It was observed that some degrading objects emit acetic acid at high rates, even under standard environmental conditions (20 °C and 30% RH) that are prescribed for storage of objects made of cellulose acetate. The emission rate was found to be governed by the internal diffusion for thicker cellulose acetate objects and by the surface evaporation for thinner objects. In the diffusion-controlled mode of emission, the airflow did not accelerate acetic acid emissions. To compare the storage options for cellulose acetate objects, the emission rates of acetic acid were used as the inputs for models predicting the equilibrium acetic acid concentrations in various enclosures (archival box, surface-coated archival box, metal can, and display case). It was observed that surface-coated boxes contained higher concentrations of acetic acid than other enclosures, mainly due to their low air exchange rates and deposition velocities.
PTEN loss drives p53 LOH and immune evasion in a novel urothelial organoid model harboring p53 missense mutations
Authors: Hamada Akihiro , Kita Yuki , Sakatani Toru , Nakamura Kenji , Takada Hideaki , Ikeuchi Ryosuke , Koike Shuhei , Masuda Norihiko , Murakami Kaoru , Sano Takeshi , Goto Takayuki , Saito Ryoichi , Teramoto Yuki , Fujimoto Masakazu , Hatano Narumi , Kamada Mayumi , Ogawa Osamu , Kobayashi Takashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite missense mutation accounts for over 60% of p53 alterations while homozygous deletion (HOM) for only 5% or less in advanced bladder cancer cases, most of the previously reported mouse models are deficient of p53. Accordingly, few studies have addressed the mechanisms of missense mutation occurrence and its functional advantage over HOM in bladder cancer development. Organoids derived from Krt5-expressing mouse urothelium (K5-mUrorganoid) demonstrated the crucial role of Pten loss in driving loss of wild-type allele of Trp53 (Trp53

R172H/LOH
), which conferred tumorigenic ability to K5-mUrorganoid in athymic mice. These tumors recapitulated the histological and genetic characteristics of the human basal-squamous subtype bladder cancer. Both Trp53

R172H/Δ

; Pten

Δ/Δ
and Trp53

Δ/Δ

; Pten

Δ/Δ
K5-mUrorganoids formed tumors in athymic mice, whereas only Trp53

R172H/Δ

; Pten

Δ/Δ
K5-mUrorganoid formed tumors even when directly inoculated in immunocompetent syngeneic mice. The absence of wild-type Trp53 was associated with upregulation of proliferative signaling, and the presence of a mutant Trp53 allele was associated with immune-excluded microenvironment. This study highlights the functional significance of p53 mutant LOH in bladder carcinogenesis conferring several hallmarks of cancer such as sustaining proliferative signaling and avoiding immune destruction, thus provides a novel immunocompetent mouse model of urothelial carcinoma harboring p53 mutations as a novel tool for cancer immunology research.
Electrical impedance tomography in neonates: a review
Authors: Ako Ako A. , Ismaiel Ahmed , Rastogi Shantanu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Appropriate interventions informed by real-time assessment of pulmonary function in mechanically ventilated critically ill neonates can reduce the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumothorax, intraventricular hemorrhage and other complications of newborn life. The respiratory system in neonates is uniquely different from older children, and its physiological and anatomic attributes increase neonatal vulnerability to respiratory distress and eventual failure. While significant advancements have been made in developing respiratory support for neonates, such support is accompanied by inherent risks to their delicate lungs. Ventilator-associated lung injury poses a critical concern that can be potentially decreased with more precise, non-invasive, non-radiating, bedside methods for assessing neonatal pulmonary function in real time. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is one such tool, with immense potential for real-time pulmonary function monitoring in neonates. Still relatively new and in the earliest stages of clinical adoption, EIT use in neonatal critical care has been reported in several studies. This review discusses the basic features of EIT, its distinct advantages over traditional pulmonary function monitoring tools, the scope of its adoption in neonatal clinical practice, challenges associated with clinical adoption, and prospects for future applications.

Impact

Individualized care assisted by bedside pulmonary function monitoring can positively impact neonatal critical care and outcomes.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) has the potential to improve neonatal pulmonary function monitoring and treatment outcomes.

Electrical impedance tomography can be adopted as a part of routine neonatal respiratory critical care, especially in the population of patients most at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and acute respiratory complications.
Readability of paediatric participant information leaflets in research studies
Authors: O’Halloran Cian P. , Agarwal Abhishek , Hawcutt Daniel B. , Oni Louise , Moss James 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Information leaflets in research studies should be age-appropriate to be understood, however the formal readability of children’s participant information leaflets (PILs) for research studies has not been assessed.

Methods
A single-centre cross-sectional study assessing paediatric PILs. Six readability tests were applied (Gunning Fog Index (GFI), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Flesch Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Coleman–Liau Index (CLI), Automated Readability Index (ARI) and Flesch Reading Ease score (FRE). Results were compared between age groups, and whether the PIL was from either a commercially sponsored or investigator led study.

Results
191 paediatric PILs were included. Age categories; <10 years (n = 65), ≤12 (n = 73), ≤15 (n = 73) and ≥16 (n = 61); were used for analysis. There were 39 commercial PILs and 226 non-commercial PILs. For the ≤10 and ≤12 age bands, all 6 median readability scores exceeded the target age group (thus hard to read, p < 0.005), and there was no difference in readability scores between these two age bands. Four scores from the readability tests were considered age-appropriate in the ≤15 year category, and all median scores were age-appropriate in the ≥16 years age groups. Readability scores for children’s PILs were significantly higher in commercially sponsored versus non-commercial studies (P < 0.005).

Conclusion
Improvements are required to make children’s PILs readable for the target audience, particularly in commercially sponsored research studies.

Impact

Paediatric participant information leaflets may not be readable in research studies, especially in younger age groups.

PILs for children participating in commercially sponsored studies were less readable than non-commercial studies.

Research teams writing PILs for a paediatric study need to consider the use of readability tools to ensure that the information they are providing is readable by the target audience.
Cold spells over Greenland during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period
Authors: Sousa I. M. C. , Hillaire-Marcel C. , de Vernal A. , Montero-Serrano J. -C. , Aubry A. M. R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP; 3.26–3.02 Ma) is an interval often suggested as a potential analogue of the near future climate and fate of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). Here, neodymium and lead isotopes from marine sediment cores collected off the southern Greenland margin suggest pulses of intense glacial erosion of Precambrian terranes during this interval, while grain size data indicate a reduction in the strength of contour currents, both following a near obliquity cycle (~41 ka) pacing. These cold spells were thus sufficiently intense to trigger recurrent ice growth over Greenland, even under the high atmospheric CO2 concentration (~400 ppmV) of the interval, before the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (~2.7 Ma). However, the mPWP was marked by a low amplitude in the axial tilt oscillation of the Earth, thus lesser variations in summer insolation at high latitudes than in the present era. Therefore, although it may offer some similarities with the future of the Earth’s climate, the mid-Pliocene cannot be seen as a genuine analogue for predicting the fate of the GIS.
Activation of CAMK2 by pseudokinase PEAK1 represents a targetable pathway in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Yang Xue , Ma Xiuquan , Zhao Tianyue , Croucher David R. , Nguyen Elizabeth V. , Clark Kimberley C. , Hu Changyuan , Latham Sharissa L. , Bayly-Jones Charles , Nguyen Bao V. , Budnar Srikanth , Shin Sung-Young , Nguyen Lan K. , Cotton Thomas R. , Chüeh Anderly C. , Lim Kam Sian Terry C. C. , Stratton Margaret M. , Ellisdon Andrew M. , Daly Roger J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The PEAK family of pseudokinases, comprising PEAK1-3, play oncogenic roles in several poor prognosis human cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, therapeutic targeting of pseudokinases is challenging due to their lack of catalytic activity. To address this, we screen for PEAK1 effectors and identify calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMK2)D and CAMK2G. PEAK1 promotes CAMK2 activation in TNBC cells via PLCγ1/Ca2+ signalling and direct binding to CAMK2. In turn, CAMK2 phosphorylates PEAK1 to enhance association with PEAK2, which is critical for PEAK1 oncogenic signalling. To achieve pharmacologic targeting of PEAK1/CAMK2, we repurpose RA306, a second generation CAMK2 inhibitor. RA306 inhibits PEAK1-enhanced migration and invasion of TNBC cells in vitro and significantly attenuates TNBC xenograft growth and metastasis in a manner mirrored by PEAK1 ablation. Overall, these studies establish PEAK1 as a critical cell signalling nexus that integrates Ca2+ and tyrosine kinase signals and identify CAMK2 as a therapeutically ‘actionable’ target downstream of PEAK1.
Analysis of NS2-dependent effects on influenza PB1 segment extends replication requirements beyond the canonical promoter
Authors: Swaminath Sharmada , Mendes Marisa , Zhang Yipeng , Remick Kaleigh A. , Mejia Isabel , Güereca Melissa , te Velthuis Aartjan J. W. , Russell Alistair B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Influenza A virus encodes conserved promoter sequences. Using minimal replication assays—transfections with viral polymerase, nucleoprotein, and a genomic template—these sequences were identified as 13nt at the 5’ end of the genomic RNA (U13) and 12nt at the 3’ end (U12). Other than the fourth 3’ nucleotide, the U12 and U13 sequences are identical between all eight RNA molecules of the segmented influenza A genome. However, individual segments can exhibit different dynamics during infection. Influenza NS2, which modulates transcription and replication differentially between genomic segments, may provide an explanation. Here, we assess how internal sequences of two genomic segments, HA and PB1, contribute to NS2-dependent replication and map such interactions down to individual nucleotides in PB1. We find that the expression of NS2 significantly alters sequence requirements for efficient replication beyond the identical U12 and U13 sequences, providing a potential mechanism for segment-specific replication dynamics across the influenza genome.
Interpretable single-cell factor decomposition using sciRED
Authors: Pouyabahar Delaram , Andrews Tallulah , Bader Gary D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing maps gene expression heterogeneity within a tissue. However, identifying biological signals in this data is challenging due to confounding technical factors, sparsity, and high dimensionality. Data factorization methods address this by separating and identifying signals in the data, such as gene expression programs, but the resulting factors must be manually interpreted. We developed Single-Cell Interpretable REsidual Decomposition (sciRED) to improve the interpretation of scRNA-seq factor analysis. sciRED removes known confounding effects, uses rotations to improve factor interpretability, maps factors to known covariates, identifies unexplained factors that may capture hidden biological phenomena, and determines the genes and biological processes represented by the resulting factors. We apply sciRED to multiple scRNA-seq datasets and identify sex-specific variation in a kidney map, discern strong and weak immune stimulation signals in a PBMC dataset, reduce ambient RNA contamination in a rat liver atlas to help identify strain variation and reveal rare cell type signatures and anatomical zonation gene programs in a healthy human liver map. These demonstrate that sciRED is useful in characterizing diverse biological signals within scRNA-seq data.
Universal in situ oxide-based ABX3-structured seeds for templating halide perovskite growth in All-perovskite tandems
Authors: Chen Weiqing , Zhou Shun , Cui Hongsen , Meng Weiwei , Guan Hongling , Zeng Guojun , Ge Yansong , Cheng Sengke , Yu Zixi , Pu Dexin , Huang Lishuai , Zhou Jin , Chen Guoyi , Li Guang , Fang Hongyi , Yu Zhiqiu , Zhou Hai , Fang Guojia , Ke Weijun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Precise control over halide perovskite crystallization is pivotal for realizing efficient solar cells. Here, we introduce a strategy utilizing in-situ-formed oxide-based ABX3-structured seeds to regulate perovskite crystallization and growth. Introducing potassium stannate into perovskite precursors triggers a spontaneous reaction with lead iodide, producing potassium iodide and lead stannate. Potassium iodide effectively passivates defects, while PbSnO3 (ABX3-structured), exhibiting a 98% lattice match, acts as a template and seed. This approach facilitates pre-nucleation cluster formation, preferential grain orientation, and the elimination of intermediate-phase processes in perovskite films. Incorporating potassium stannate into both the perovskite precursors and the buried hole transport layers enables single-junction 1.25 eV-bandgap Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells to achieve a steady-state efficiency of 23.12% and enhanced stability. Furthermore, all-perovskite tandem devices yield efficiencies of 28.12% (two-terminal) and 28.81% (four-terminal). This versatile templating method also boosts the performance of 1.77 eV and 1.54 eV-bandgap cells, underscoring its broad applicability.
Droplet impact dynamics on stretched textiles
Authors: Varghese Nonu , Stone Corinne A. , Quetzeri-Santiago Miguel A. , Castrejón-Pita J. Rafael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Preventing droplets from penetrating fabrics is critical in surgical wards and the battlefield, where biological and chemical hazards are dispersed and transmitted in droplet form. Here, we study the interaction between droplets and a nylon textile using high-speed imaging. We explore various droplet impact velocities and liquids to understand the influence of liquid characteristics on the impact behaviour. Importantly, we investigate the impact dynamics of droplets on textiles subjected to various tensile forces. Critical phenomena, such as droplet penetration and capture, are analyzed. We find that the critical impact velocity for droplet penetration increases as the stretching tension in the textile decreases. Furthermore, we present a simple model to predict the critical conditions for droplet penetration and capture that takes into account the surface tension, the droplet size, density and speed, the tensile load and the textile contact angle. We validate the model through experiments, demonstrating a strong agreement. These insights hold significant implications for the design of protective garments, such as face-masks and water-repellent clothing.
Comparison of SS-EPI DWI and one-minute TGSE-BLADE DWI for diagnosis of acute infarction
Authors: Okuchi Sachi , Fushimi Yasutaka , Sakata Akihiko , Otani Sayo , Nakajima Satoshi , Maki Takakuni , Tanji Masahiro , Sano Noritaka , Ikeda Satoshi , Ito Shuichi , Urushibata Yuta , Zhou Kun , Arakawa Yoshiki , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The efficacy of 2D turbo gradient- and spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging with non-Cartesian BLADE trajectory (TGSE-BLADE DWI) has not been well studied for acute stroke due to its long acquisition time. This study was performed to compare distortion, artifacts and image quality between single-shot echo planar imaging (SS-EPI) DWI and TGSE-BLADE DWI with acquisition time reduced to 1 min by simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) imaging, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of TGSE-BLADE DWI for acute infarctions. Total 104 patients with a past history of stroke or symptoms suspicious for acute infarction or who had undergone surgery for brain tumor within two days were prospectively enrolled. Ten lesions in 9 patients were diagnosed as acute or subacute infarction and were detectable only in TGSE-BLADE DWI but not in SS-EPI DWI. Scores for geometric distortion, susceptibility artifacts, overall image quality, lesion conspicuity and diagnostic confidence were lower for SS-EPI DWI than TGSE-BLADE DWI (p ≤ .001). Distortion was significantly worse in SS-EPI DWI than TGSE-BLADE DWI (p < .001). SNR of centrum semiovale was significantly higher in SS-EPI DWI than TGSE-BLADE DWI (p < .001). One-minute TGSE-BLADE DWI showed better image quality than SS-EPI DWI in terms of distortion and artifacts, and higher diagnostic performance for acute infarctions.
Differentiating right upper limb movements of esports players who play different game genres
Authors: Dupuy Antoine , Campbell Mark J. , Toth Adam J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Esports is a fast-growing worldwide phenomenon encompassing hundreds of millions of competitive players. It is well-established that different game genres require distinct cognitive skills, but the biomechanical implications of playing different game genres have received little attention. This is the first study to quantify gamers’ kinematic behaviour across genres, demonstrating the importance of physical demands on performance and equipment in esports. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the right upper limb kinematic behaviour differs among players across game genres. 63 esports players played a First Person Shooter (FPS), Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA), or Adventure game for 10 min. Three tri-axial accelerometers, positioned on each participant’s right upper limb (hand, forearm, arm), recorded kinematic data during gameplay. Hand acceleration magnitude, direction change, distance travelled (sum of all hand displacements over 10-min of gameplay), and displacement area (size and shape) were calculated in addition to hand, forearm, and arm acceleration ratios. There was a marked difference in movement patterns across players of different game genres. FPS players displayed greater hand acceleration magnitude (0.96 m.s−2 ± 0.07 SEM), moved their hand through a greater distance (38.96 m ± 2.47 SEM), and over a larger displacement area (119.13 cm2 ± 16.05 SEM) compared to MOBA and Adventure players. MOBA players exhibited greater hand acceleration magnitude (0.73 m.s−2 ± 0.05 SEM), changed direction more (2335 ± 172 SEM) and covered more distance (29.25 m ± 1.80 SEM) compared to Adventure players within a smaller overall area (70.49 cm2 ± 9.91 SEM). These findings have the potential to impact the design of gaming equipment and the training volumes of gamers across different game genres, so as to mitigate injury risk and improve overall gaming performance.
Association between systemic immune inflammation index and adolescent obesity in a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Zhang Yu-zhen , Ma Run-wei , Bhandari Suwas , Xie Juan , Zhang Xiao-yu , Xie Chao , Duan Hong , Meng Juan , Wu Qiong-yu , Liu Kai , Feng Bo , Cheng Li-ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Obesity is a prevalent health issue among adolescents, characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, which increases the risk of developing various chronic diseases in the future. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) serves as an indicator of inflammation and immune response. This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2016, including 5,676 participants. A multivariate logistic regression model, Generalized Additive Models (GAM), and subgroup analysis were used to examine the relationship between obesity and SII. The multivariate logistic regression results revealed a significant positive correlation between log SII and adolescent obesity (1.254 [1.024–1.537]). Furthermore, the risk of obesity increased with higher quartiles of SII. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests showed that this positive association persisted across various factors, including female gender, race (Non-Hispanic White and Mexican American), non-hyperlipidemia, normal white blood cell count, and PIR < 1. Additionally, a U-shaped relationship between log SII and obesity was observed, with a turning point at 6.410. The findings suggest that an increase in the systemic immune-inflammation index is significantly associated with obesity in adolescents. However, further validation through large-scale prospective studies is needed.
Unveiling the contribution of particle-associated non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs to N2 fixation in the upper mesopelagic North Pacific Gyre
Authors: Reeder Christian F. , Filella Alba , Voznyuk Anna , Coët Arthur , James Reece C. , Rohrer Tully , White Angelicque E. , Berline Léo , Grosso Olivier , van Dijken Gert , Arrigo Kevin R. , Mills Matthew M. , Turk-Kubo Kendra A. , Benavides Mar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dinitrogen (N2) fixation supports marine life through the supply of reactive nitrogen. Recent studies suggest that particle-associated non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs (NCDs) could contribute significantly to N2 fixation contrary to the paradigm of diazotrophy as primarily driven by cyanobacterial genera. We examine the community composition of NCDs associated with suspended, slow, and fast-sinking particles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Suspended and slow-sinking particles showed a higher abundance of cyanobacterial diazotrophs than fast-sinking particles, while fast-sinking particles showed a higher diversity of NCDs including Marinobacter, Oceanobacter and Pseudomonas. Using single-cell mass spectrometry we find that Gammaproteobacteria N2 fixation rates were higher on suspended and slow-sinking particles (up to 67 ± 48.54 fmol N cell⁻¹ d⁻¹), while putative NCDs’ rates were highest on fast-sinking particles (121 ± 22.02 fmol N cell⁻¹ d⁻¹). These rates are comparable to previous diazotrophic cyanobacteria observations, suggesting that particle-associated NCDs may be important contributors to pelagic N2 fixation.