bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering medicine residents to order labs mindfully to improve patient‐centered care
Authors: Rawal Rachna , Adeyemo Oluwasayo , Kunnath Paul , Vartanyan Ara , Saad Hala , Lane Alex , Schuelke Matthew J. , Sue Yujie , Drummond Jessica , Schmidt Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundUnnecessary laboratory testing of hospitalized patients is prevalent.ObjectiveWe conducted a study focused on “mindful ordering” to decrease unnecessary laboratory ordering within an Internal Medicine residency program.Designs, Settings and ParticipantsWe collected survey data on resident/faculty perceptions of laboratory ordering as well as order information from the electronic medical record (EMR).InterventionInterventions focused on resident‐identified barriers such as knowledge, EMR, habit and faculty expectations. Interventions were cumulative and included resident/faculty education and EMR optimization.Main Outcomes and MeasuresWe assessed basic and complete metabolic panels (BMP, CMP) and complete blood counts with and without differential (CBC w/diff, w/o diff). Primary outcomes included: total labs ordered per week, lab and frequency, and resident perception of ordering practices. Secondary outcomes included: length‐of stay (LOS) and venipuncture utilization.ResultsSurvey data demonstrated increased resident perception of both mindful ordering and team discussion. Total labs ordered per week decreased 20% in the first year (1944 to 1500 labs/week). Residents' use of the “one‐time draw” option increased; use of “daily” frequency decreased. Trends showed an increase in BMP relative to CMP, and an increase in CBC w/o diff relative to CBC w/diff. These changes were sustained through 127 weeks. There was an approximately 10% decrease in monthly average of patients undergoing venipuncture each day (86.7% to 74.2%).The shifts in laboratory ordering in conjunction with increased discussion about labs suggest a sustained change in resident lab ordering behavior. This study shows the impact of focusing interventions on resident‐identified barriers to mindful ordering to create a sustained decrease laboratory orders.
Characterizing lift, drag, and pressure differences across wandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans) with computational fluid dynamics to investigate aerodynamics
Authors: Brown Christian E. , Kirk Alexander M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWandering salamanders (Aneides vagrans), known to occupy the crowns of old growth coast redwood trees, have recently been found to decelerate and engage in controlled, nonvertical descent while falling. Closely related, nonarboreal species with seemingly minor morphological differences exhibit far less behavioral control while falling; however, the influence of salamander morphology on aerodynamics remains to be tested. Here, we examine differences in morphology and aerodynamics of two salamander species, A. vagrans and the nonarboreal ensatina salamander (Ensatina eschscholtzii), using a combination of traditional and contemporary techniques. Specifically, we compare morphometrics statistically, then use computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to characterize predicted airflow and pressure over digitally reconstructed models of the salamanders. While similar in body and tail lengths, A. vagrans are more dorsoventrally flattened with longer limbs and greater surface area of the foot relative to body size than the nonarboreal E. eschscholtzii. CFD results show dorsoventral pressure gradients differ between the two digitally reconstructed salamanders resulting in lift coefficients of approximately 0.02 and 0.00, and lift:drag ratios of approximately 0.40 and 0.00 for A. vagrans and E. eschscholtzii, respectively. We conclude that the morphology of A. vagrans is better suited for controlled descent than that of the closely related E. eschscholtzii and highlight the importance of subtle morphological features, such as dorsoventral flatness, foot size, and limb length, for aerial control. That our simulation reports align with real‐world performance data underscores the benefits of CFD for studying the link between morphology and aerodynamics in other taxa.
The gas bladder of Heterotis niloticus (Cuvier, 1829)
Authors: Icardo José M. , Alesci Alessio , Kuciel Michal , Zuwala Krystyna , Guerrera Maria C. , Zaccone Giacomo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThis work reports on the structural characteristics of the respiratory gas bladder of the osteoglossiform fish Heterotis niloticus. The bladder‐vertebrae relationships are also analyzed. A slit‐shaped orifice in the mediodorsal pharyngeal wall is surrounded by a muscle sphincter and serves as a glottis‐like opening to the gas bladder. The dorsolateral internal surface of the gas bladder is lined by a parenchyma of highly vascularized trabeculae and septa displaying an alveolar‐like structure. The trabeculae contain, in addition to vessels, numerous eosinophils probably involved in immune responses. The air spaces are endowed with a thin exchange barrier indicating a good potential for respiratory gas exchange. The ventral wall of the gas bladder is a well‐vascularized membrane that exhibits an exchange barrier in the luminal face and an inner structure dominated by the presence of a layer of richly innervated smooth muscle. This is suggestive of an autonomous adjustability of the gas bladder ventral wall. The trunk vertebrae show large transverse processes (parapophyses) and numerous surface openings that lead into intravertebral spaces that become invaded by the bladder parenchyma. Curiously, the caudal vertebrae show a regular teleost morphology with neural and hemal arches, but have similar surface openings and intravertebral pneumatic spaces. The African Arowana hence rivals the freshwater butterfly fish Pantodon in its exceptional role of displaying postcranial skeletal pneumaticity outside of Archosauria. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
ETS2 alleviates acute‐on‐chronic liver failure by suppressing excessive inflammation
Authors: He Lulu , Cai Qun , Liang Xi , Xin Jiaojiao , Shi Dongyan , Ren Keke , Li Yun , Chen Jiaxian , Sun Suwan , Guo Beibei , Yang Hui , Li Bingqi , Ma Shiwen , Luo Jinjin , Hu Meiqian , Li Jiaqi , Hu Wen , Li Peng , Yao Heng , Li Jun , Chen Xin , Jiang Jing , Li Jun 
Published: March 2023

AbstractHepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HBV‐ACLF) is a syndrome with high short‐term mortality. The mechanism of the transcription factor ETS2 in ACLF remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the molecular basis of ETS2 in ACLF pathogenesis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with HBV‐ACLF (n = 50) were subjected to RNA sequencing. Transcriptome analysis showed that ETS2 expression was significantly higher in ACLF patients than in patients with chronic liver diseases and healthy subjects (all p < 0.001). Area‐under‐ROC analysis of ETS2 demonstrated high values for the prediction of 28‐/90‐day mortality in ACLF patients (0.908/0.773). Significantly upregulated signatures of the innate immune response (monocytes/neutrophils/inflammation‐related pathways) were observed in ACLF patients with high ETS2 expression. Myeloid‐specific ETS2 deficiency in liver failure mice resulted in deterioration of biofunctions and increased expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6/IL‐1β/TNF‐α). Knockout of ETS2 in macrophages confirmed the downregulation of IL‐6 and IL‐1β caused by both HMGB1 and lipopolysaccharide, and an NF‐κB inhibitor reversed the suppressive effect of ETS2. ETS2 is a potential prognostic biomarker of ACLF patients that alleviates liver failure by downregulating the HMGB1‐/lipopolysaccharide‐triggered inflammatory response and may serve as a therapeutic target for ACLF.
Enhancement of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and growth by an ACE2‐specific monoclonal antibody
Authors: Luo Guangxiang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and continues to pose a threat to global public health through genetic mutation. In this study, we have found that an angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2‐specific monoclonal antibody at low concentration was able to enhance SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and growth in cell culture. Strikingly, it promotes SARS‐CoV‐2 plaque formation, resulting in accurate titration of different SARS‐CoV‐2 variants, particularly the newly emerged Omicron variants, which otherwise cannot be determined by standard plaque assays. Quantification of infectious titers of the newly emerged variants will facilitate the development and evaluation of vaccines and antiviral drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2.
Life cycle and plasmodial axenic culture of Physarum galbeum
Authors: Dai Dan , Sun Peng , Rao Gu , Zhang Fangfang , Wang Yang , Wei Yunhui , Li Yu , Zhang Bo 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMyxogastrea is a group of eukaryotic microorganisms included in Amoebozoa. Its life cycle includes two trophic stages: plasmodia and myxamoeflagellates. However, only about 102 species have their complete life cycle known in literature and only about 18 species have their plasmodial axenic culture accomplished in laboratory conditions. The research presented herein involved culturing of Physarum galbeum on the water agar medium. The events that transpired during its life cycle including spore germination, plasmodia formation, and sporocarp development were documented especially the subglobose or discoid sporotheca and the stalk formation. The spores germinated by the V‐shape split method to release a single protoplasm. Yellow‐green pigmented phaneroplasmodia developed into sporocarps by subhypothallic type. The present article gives details of the sporocarp development of P. galbeum and its plasmodial axenic culture on solid and liquid mediums.
Gender mismatch and bias in people‐centric operations: Evidence from a randomized field experiment
Authors: Son Yoonseock , Choi Angela Aerry , Wowak Kaitlin D. , Angst Corey M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractWhile considerable progress has been made in understanding gender mismatch and bias in the physical workplace, there is a limited understanding of how these biases manifest in online platforms where gender masking and manipulation can easily occur. In this study, we collaborate with an online product and service firm in Asia and propose a field experiment design to examine how gender bias influences people‐centric operations in online platforms. By assigning different gender combinations of clients and consultants, we examine how the effect of gender bias differs depending on the gender match or mismatch of the entities in the information exchange process. Using 7 months of data, we provide preliminary evidence of gender biases of different client‐consultant gender pairings. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Current practice of gastric residual volume measurements and related outcomes of critically ill patients: A secondary analysis of the intestinal‐specific organ function assessment study
Authors: Lindner Matthias , Padar Martin , Mändul Merli , Christopher Kenneth B. , Reintam Blaser Annika , Gratz Hans‐Christoph , Elke Gunnar , Bachmann Kaspar F. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBackgroundGastric residual volume (GRV) measurement to detect gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common diagnostic procedures in critical care, albeit still not well standardized being operator‐, patient‐, and tube‐dependent. Our aim was to describe current practice of GRV measurements and its association with clinical outcomes in critically ill patients.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of an international prospective observational cohort study (intestinal‐specific organ function assessment). Eligibility criteria were defined as ≥1 GRV measurement during the 7‐day study period. Data collection included GRV measurement practices, tube diameters and volumes, symptoms of GI dysfunction, and clinical outcomes. The primary aim was to describe current practices of GRV measurements, and the secondary aim was to test the association of high (>200 ml) vs. low GRV with symptoms of GI dysfunction and clinical outcomes using generalized linear regression and survival models.ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐eight patients with 2422 GRV measurements on 875 study days were analyzed. GRV was mainly measured via passive drainage twice daily using large diameter tubes. There was no significant association between tube size or measurement technique and high GRV. High GRV occurred in 34% of patients and was associated with other GI symptoms and with increased disease severity but not with 28‐day or 90‐day mortality, intensive care unit‐free and ventilator‐free days.ConclusionThere was substantial variability of GRV measurement techniques, but this had no impact on the amount of GRV. High GRV was not associated with mortality or ventilator‐free days but may serve as a marker of GI dysfunction and disease severity.
On‐farm assessment of yield and quality traits in durum wheat
Authors: Tabbita Facundo , Ortiz‐Monasterio Iván , Piñera‐Chavez Francisco J. , Ibba María Itria , Guzmán Carlos 
Published: March 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDDurum wheat is key source of calories and nutrients for many regions of the world. Demand for it is predicted to increase. Further efforts are therefore needed to develop new cultivars adapted to different future scenarios. Developing a novel cultivar takes, on average, 10 years and advanced lines are tested during the process, in general, under standardized conditions. Although evaluating candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on‐farm conditions is a strategy that is strongly recommended, its application for durum wheat and particularly for quality traits has been limited. This study evaluated the grain yield and quality performance of eight different genotypes across five contrasting farmers’ fields over two seasons. Combining different analysis strategies, the most outstanding and stable genotypes were identified.RESULTSThe analyses revealed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect (thousand kernel weight, flour sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, and flour yellowness), others by the management practices (yield and grain protein content), and others (test weight) by the year effect. In general, yield showed the highest range of variation across genotypes, management practices, and years and test weight the narrowest range. Flour yellowness was the most stable trait across management conditions, while yield‐related traits were the most unstable. We also determined the most representative and discriminative field conditions, which is a beneficial strategy when breeders are constrained in their ability to develop multi‐environment experiments.CONCLUSIONSWe concluded that assessing genotypes in different farming systems is a valid and complementary strategy for on‐station trials for determining the performance of future commercial cultivars in heterogeneous environments to improve the breeding process and resources. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Gelatin Methacryloyl Based Injectable Cryogels with Tunable Degradability for Cell Delivery
Authors: Dalal Neha , Challa Ramadevi , Thimukonda Jeyapriya J. , Tayalia Prakriti 
Published: March 2023

AbstractScaffold‐based cell delivery can improve therapeutic effects of transplanted cells in cell therapy. Biomaterial scaffolds serveas niche for cell growth and proliferation which improves cell survival and overall function post cell delivery. In this study, gelatin methacryloyl based injectable scaffolds made using poly(ethylene)glycol as a sacrificial polymer and cryogelation as a technique, are demonstrated to have tunable degradability and porosity that is required for cell and drug delivery applications. The pore size (10–142 µm) of these gels makes them suitable for loading different cell types as per the application. In vitro studies using mammalian cells confirm that these cryogels are cytocompatible. These cell‐laden scaffolds are injectable and have a cell retention ability of up to 90% after injection. Rheology is done to evaluate stiffness and shape recovery property, and it is found that these gels can maintain their original shape even after applying 7 cycles of strain from 0.1% to 20%. Furthermore, their degradability can be modulated between 6 and 10 days by changing the overall polymer composition. Thus, injectability and degradability of these cryogels can circumvent invasive surgical procedures, thereby making them useful for a variety of applications including delivery of cells and bioactive factors.
PRMT5 promotes ovarian cancer growth through enhancing Warburg effect by methylating ENO1
Authors: Xie Fei , Zhang Han , Zhu Kongkai , Jiang Cheng‐Shi , Zhang Xiaoya , Chang Hongkai , Qiao Yaya , Sun Mingming , Wang Jiyan , Wang Mukuo , Tan Junzhen , Wang Tao , Zhao Lianmei , Zhang Yuan , Lin Jianping , Zhang Chunze , Liu Shuangping , Zhao Jianguo , Luo Cheng , Zhang Shuai , Shan Changliang 
Published: March 2023

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a major type II enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine (SDMA), and plays predominantly roles in human cancers, including in ovarian cancer. However, the exactly roles and underlying mechanisms of PRMT5 contributing to the progression of ovarian cancer mediated by reprogramming cell metabolism remain largely elusive. Here, we report that PRMT5 is highly expressed and correlates with poor survival in ovarian cancer. Knockdown or pharmaceutical inhibition of PRMT5 is sufficient to decrease glycolysis flux, attenuate tumor growth, and enhance the antitumor effect of Taxol. Mechanistically, we find that PRMT5 symmetrically dimethylates alpha‐enolase (ENO1) at arginine 9 to promotes active ENO1 dimer formation, which increases glycolysis flux and accelerates tumor growth. Moreover, PRMT5 signals high glucose to increase the methylation modification of ENO1. Together, our data reveal a novel role of PRMT5 in promoting ovarian cancer growth by controlling glycolysis flux mediated by methylating ENO1, and highlights that PRMT5 may represent a promising therapeutic target for treating ovarian cancer.
Otolaryngology Away Subinternships: An Analysis of the Application Process and Survey of Current Applicants' Perspectives
Authors: Cyberski Thomas , Tatineni Swetha , Shogan Andrea , Baroody Fuad M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the availability and uniformity of application information for away subinternships and survey 4th‐year medical students on their experiences obtaining away subinternships in otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (OHNS) during the 2022 to 2023 application cycle.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingOnline survey.MethodsThe Association of American Medical College's Visiting Student Learning Opportunities (VSLO) program was queried for information on OHNS away subinternship applications. A survey assessing 4th‐year medical students' perceptions of the away subinternship application process was distributed via OHNS residency program directors and Otomatch.ResultsOf 129 OHNS residency programs, 103 (80%) offered away subinternship opportunities on VSLO. Variability in application release dates (January 18 to June 3, 2022), offer release dates (January 27 to August 7, 2022), and estimated cost ($22‐$5500) were found. The most common application requirements were a transcript (98.1%) and a CV/resume (90.3%). There were 64 survey respondents, for a 13% response rate. The most common concerns include applying to too few programs (80%) and not knowing offer release dates (77%). The most common stressors include choosing a number of programs to which to apply (48%) and cost (35%). The majority (76%) reported difficulty finding updated information on program websites. Among the proposed changes, the greatest support was found for having all applications on VSLO (88%), uniform application release date (84%), and uniform application requirements (82%).ConclusionThe OHNS away subinternship application process is a significant source of anxiety for medical students due to the tremendous variability in application and acceptance procedures. Having all applications on VSLO, uniform application requirements, and uniform application opening and offer release dates would better facilitate this process.
Survival effect of complete surgical resection of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic, high‐risk neuroblastoma in a large Canadian cohort
Authors: Seemann Natashia M. , Erker Craig , Irwin Meredith S. , Lopushinsky Steven R. , Kulkarni Ketan , Fernandez Conrad V. , Romao Rodrigo L. P. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether extent of surgical resection of the primary tumor correlates with survival in patients with International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage 4, high‐risk neuroblastoma.MethodsData were extracted for patients with newly diagnosed INSS stage 4, high‐risk neuroblastoma between 2001 and 2019 from the national Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYPC) database. Complete resection was defined as gross total resection of primary tumor based on operative reports. Primary endpoints were 3 and 5‐year event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Survival analyses were completed using log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression including covariates of age, sex, decade of treatment (2001–2009 vs. 2010–2019), immunotherapy, and tandem stem cell transplant (SCT).ResultsOne‐hundred and forty patients with complete surgical data were included. On univariate analysis, 3‐year EFS and OS for patients that had complete versus incomplete resection was 71% (95% CI 57–80%) vs. 48% (36–60%) and 86% (75–93%) vs. 64% (51–74%), p = .008 and p = .002, respectively. 5‐year EFS and OS for patients with complete resection also demonstrated significantly improved survival. On Cox Proportional Hazards models adjusted for age, immunotherapy, tandem SCT, and surgical resection, only complete resection was associated with statistically significant improved 3 year EFS and OS, HR = 0.48 (0.29–0.81; p = .006) and HR = 0.42 (0.24–0.73; p = .002).ConclusionsIn a large Canadian INSS stage 4 high‐risk neuroblastoma cohort, complete surgical resection was associated with increased EFS and OS. Within the constraints of a retrospective study, these results suggest that the ability to achieve primary tumor complete resection in patients with metastatic high‐risk disease is associated with improved survival.