bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress of island health in the Maldives
Authors: Eya Lawson Ifeanyi , Adam Imran Mohamed , Ibrahim Muiz , Miranda Adriana Viola , Kannan Subbaram , Lucero‐Prisno Don Eliseo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe provision of equitable healthcare on remote islands is critical in the fight to attain the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Many island countries, particularly the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), are confronted with numerous obstacles to accessing quality healthcare. Many SIDS are located in the Asia‐Pacific region, and they suffer shared challenges such as a lack of infrastructure, logistical concerns, and a shortage of health staff. As a SIDS, the Maldives has made significant progress in the health sector, when compared to its neighbours. Part of this is due to spending a large portion of the national budget on the social sector, and a well‐structured health system. Despite these accomplishments, it continues to struggle to provide equitable health care across the whole nation, especially to the small and underpopulated islands. One contributing factor is the dispersed geography. The pandemic highlighted the importance of telemedicine and its capacity to bridge the barriers to healthcare delivery, and its potential in the Maldives is huge. There is also a need to strengthen integrated health services through primary healthcare, train a larger workforce, and upgrade hospitals to be able to provide comprehensive medical services. This will limit the frequency of travel to the capital and abroad in search of better healthcare.
Design of an ultrasound‐emitting drill guide for freehand pedicle screw navigation
Authors: MacLean Luke J. , Street John , Hodgson Antony J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundAccurate pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery is critical as inaccuracies can lead to morbidity and suboptimal outcomes. Navigation and robotics have reduced malplacement rates, but their adoption is limited by high costs, learning curves, surgical time, and radiation. The authors propose an ultrasound‐emitting and self‐localising drill guide for precise screw placement that overcomes the limitations of current techniques.Materials and MethodsThe preliminary configuration analysis involves systematically varying design parameters and assessing localization performance using lumbar spine MRI based simulations. The authors evaluate localization techniques based on accuracy and optimization capture range.ResultsResults suggest that feasible designs can accurately estimate position. A promising design features a 5 mm radius cannula with ten 35mm‐long ultrasound strips, 32 elements per strip, and a fanned‐out emission profile. A multi‐start active‐set optimization algorithm with six initial estimates ensures reliable and efficient localization.ConclusionsThe simulation suggests that the proposed design can achieve sufficient localization accuracy for pedicle screw navigation. These findings will guide the fabrication of a novel ultrasound‐emitting drill guide for further evaluation and physical testing.
Reading Development from Kindergarten to Age 18: The Role of Gender and Parental Education
Authors: Manu Mari , Torppa Minna , Vasalampi Kati , Lerkkanen Marja‐Kristiina , Poikkeus Anna‐Maija , Niemi Pekka 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe gender difference in reading achievement in favor of adolescent girls is a robust finding in the literature, but the evidence is mixed when considering younger children. The present study followed the development of reading skills among Finnish children (N = 1867) from kindergarten age (6 years) to 18 years of age to determine the onset of gender differences and to identify the subskills which present gender differences. Additionally, associations between parents' educational levels and children's reading development from kindergarten to the end of comprehensive school were examined to determine whether the effect of parental education varied by child's gender. The results showed that girls outperformed boys in almost all prereading and reading skills from kindergarten age onwards. The gender difference in reading fluency increased steadily across the school years (Cohen's d = .26–.59) and remained evident also among 18‐year‐olds (d = .42). In terms of reading comprehension, the gender difference was small but increased with age (d = .17–.36). Parents' education levels were associated with children's reading development and children of higher educated parents manifested the best performance. Interaction effects were found between child's gender and their fathers' education levels: lower education levels were associated with poorer PISA reading performance among boys, but not among girls. The results suggest that gender differences in reading performance have an early onset, they increase throughout the school years, and boys of fathers with low education are particularly at risk of falling behind in their development of reading comprehension skill.
A Novel Anode Material Li2FeGeO4 with Lithium Storage Mechanism Controlled by Both Iron and Germanium Elements
Authors: Gao Yang , Tang Yakun , Liu Lang , Li Xiaohui , Qian Mao , Ma Wenjie 
Published: August 2023

AbstractTo obtain anode materials with high capacity/energy density for lithium‐ion batteries, a polyanionic compound Li2FeGeO4 is prepared, which combines the conversion‐type Fe‐based oxide and the alloy‐type Ge‐based oxide at the atomic scale. The influence of citric acid in the sol–gel process on the structure and performance of the calcined products (LFG0, LFG1, and LFG2) is investigated. The results demonstrate that citric acid does not affect the phase of Li2FeGeO4. However, with the increase of citric acid, the crystallinity and grain size of the final product are reduced and its dispersion becomes better. Among the as‐prepared samples, LFG1 exhibits moderate particle size and more uniform dispersion, providing a high discharge capacity of 669.7 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 200 cycles. Based on the ex situ XPS and operando XRD tests, it is found that the electrochemical reaction process of LFG1 is controlled by both the conversion of iron/germanium and the alloying of germanium. In addition, it is verified that the reaction mechanism of LFG1 for aqueous lithium‐ion capacitors is also controlled by iron and germanium elements. Importantly, Li2FeGeO4 is first proved to be a novel anode for lithium‐ion batteries and lithium‐ion capacitors.
Recent Progress in Design Principles of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Rechargeable Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Lin , Zhang Xiaofei , Han Diandian , Zhai Lipeng , Mi Liwei 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) are acknowledged as a new generation of crystalline organic materials and have garnered tremendous attention owing to their unique advantages of structural tunability, frameworks diversity, functional versatility, and diverse applications in drug delivery, adsorption/separation, catalysis, optoelectronics, and sensing, etc. Recently, COFs is proven to be promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage materials. Their chemical compositions and structures can be precisely tuned and functionalized at the molecular level, allowing a comprehensive understanding of COFs that helps to make full use of their features and addresses the inherent drawback based on the components and functions of the devices. In this review, the working mechanisms and the distinguishing advantages of COFs as electrodes for rechargeable Li‐ion batteries are discussed in detail. Especially, principles and strategies for the rational design of COFs as advanced electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries are systematically summarized. Finally, this review is structured to cover recent explorations and applications of COF electrode materials in other rechargeable metal‐ion batteries.
Determination of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Cross‐Linked, Hydroxypropylated, and Dual Modified Corn Starch and Investigation of Its Use as Gelling Agent in Soft Confectionery
Authors: Kibar Emine Aytunga Arik , Aslan Özlem , Bakan Ayşe , Özer Hayrettin 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this study dual‐modified corn starches are prepared by hydroxypropylation and cross‐linking. The physicochemical properties of dual modified starch are compared with its native and single‐modified counterparts, and its performance as a gelatin substitute in confectionery products is determined. The gelatinization enthalpy values for hydroxypropylated, cross‐linked, and native starch samples are 8.3, 13.4, and 12.7 J g−1 ds−1, respectively. Hydroxypropylation decreases the gelatinization temperature and enthalpy values, while cross‐linking increases them significantly. The retrogradation endotherm is not observed for hydroxypropylated sample. In addition, retrogradation enthalpy of native starch decreases from 7.8 to 6.4 J g−1 ds−1 through crosslinking. Gelatinization and retrogradation properties of dual modified samples depend on the reaction sequence and the level of cross‐linking agent. It is observed via XRD diffraction patterns that when hydroxypropylation is applied as a pre‐treatment, degree of crystallization increased up to 55 ± 2%. However, when crosslinking is applied first, the effect of hydroxypropylation becomes limited due to the more stable structure developed by cross‐linking. Texture analysis reveals that dual modified starches improve textural properties, and they are promising thickening agents that can be used as gelatin substitute for jelly confectionaries.
Atypical extravertebral ventral cervical disc extrusion in a dog
Authors: Azoulay Florian , Couturier Jérôme , El Baze Jean‐Rémy , Besson Julie , Rault Delphine 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA 6‐year‐old cocker spaniel dog was investigated by computed tomography for a marked neck pain more evident on ventroflexion. Cervical disc extrusion of mineralised nucleus pulposus material was identified in the vertebral canal dorsally to the C4–C5 intervertebral space, with spinal cord compression. Another mineralised material was also identified at an unusual location, ventrally to the C2–C3 intervertebral space. Ventral slot at C4–C5 intervertebral disc allowed surgical removal of the compressive disc, and longus colli muscles dissection at C2–C3 level allowed removal of the identified material, confirmed histologically as degenerated (mineralised) nucleus pulposus. Ventral paravertebral disc extrusion of degenerated nucleus pulposus extrusion is rarely described in human medicine. This case report illustrates the anatomical and imaging key points that support the diagnostic approach to a previously undescribed presentation of disc extrusion in dog.
Super-Schur polynomials for Affine Super Yangian Y($$ \hat{\mathfrak{gl}} $$1|1)
Authors: Galakhov Dmitry , Morozov Alexei , Tselousov Nikita 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We explicitly construct cut-and-join operators and their eigenfunctions — the Super-Schur functions — for the case of the affine super-Yangian Y($$ \hat{\mathfrak{gl}} $$

gl
̂

1|1). This is the simplest non-trivial (semi-Fock) representation, where eigenfunctions are labeled by the superanalogue of 2d Young diagrams, and depend on the supertime variables (pk, θk). The action of other generators on diagrams is described by the analogue of the Pieri rule. As well we present generalizations of the hook formula for the measure on super-Young diagrams and of the Cauchy formula. Also a discussion of string theory origins for these relations is provided.
LEX-EFT: the Light Exotics Effective Field Theory
Authors: Carpenter Linda M. , Murphy Taylor , Smylie Matthew J. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We propose the creation of a Light Exotics Effective Field Theory (LEX-EFT) catalog. LEX-EFT is a generic framework to capture all interactions between the Standard Model (SM) and all (or at least a large class of) theoretically allowed exotic states beyond the Standard Model (bSM), indexed by their SM and bSM charges. These states are light enough to be on or nearly on shell in some collider processes. This framework, which subsumes beyond the Standard Model paradigms as generally as possible, is meant to extend recent successful implementations of bSM EFTs and complement e.g. the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), which can capture the off-shell effects of exotic fields. In this work, we review a general method for the construction of a complete list of gauge-invariant operators involving SM interactions with light exotics via iterative tensor product decomposition, up to the desired order in mass dimension. Each operator is characterized by specific Clebsch-Gordan coefficients determined by the charge flow; we show how this charge flow affects the range of EFT validity and cross sections associated with an effective operator. We create an example catalog of exotic scalars coupling to SM gauge boson pairs, and we highlight some operators with exotic weak SU(2)L charges that can produce spectacular LHC phenomenology. We further demonstrate the utility of the LEX-EFT approach with several examples of effects on kinematic distributions and cross sections that would not be captured by EFTs agnostic to the exotic degrees of freedom and may evade the main inclusive collider searches tailored to the existing preferred set of standard bSM theories.
Dark top partner
Authors: Cai Haiying , Cacciapaglia Giacomo 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Composite Higgs models with extended symmetries can feature mesonic dark matter candidates. In fundamental CHMs, the origin of dark parity can be explained in the UV theory. Combined with top partial compositeness, this leads to non-chiral Yukawa interaction connecting mesonic DM with one dark top partner and one SM top. We examine the DM phenomenology in SU(6)/SO(6) and SU(6)/Sp(6) CHMs with the presence of dark top partners. Phenomenological constraints require the mass of top partner in even parity to be of the multi-TeV order.
End of the world brane in double scaled SYK
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
We study the end of the world (EOW) brane in double scaled SYK (DSSYK) model. We find that the boundary state of EOW brane is a coherent state of the q-deformed oscillators and the associated orthogonal polynomial is the continuous big q-Hermite polynomial. In a certain scaling limit, the big q-Hermite polynomial reduces to the Whittaker function, which reproduces the wavefunction of JT gravity with an EOW brane. We also compute the half-wormhole amplitude in DSSYK and show that the amplitude is decomposed into the trumpet and the factor coming from the EOW brane.
The asymptotic weak gravity conjecture in M-theory
Authors: Cota Cesar Fierro , Mininno Alessandro , Weigand Timo , Wiesner Max 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The tower Weak Gravity Conjecture predicts infinitely many super-extremal states along every ray in the charge lattice of a consistent quantum gravity theory. We show this far-reaching claim in five-dimensional compactifications of M-theory on Calabi-Yau 3-folds for gauge groups with a weak coupling limit. We first characterize the possible weak coupling limits, building on an earlier classification of infinite distance limits in the Kähler moduli space of M-theory compactifications. We find that weakly coupled gauge groups are associated to curves on the compactification space contained in generic fibers or in fibers degenerating at finite distance in their moduli space. These always admit an interpretation as a Kaluza-Klein or winding U(1) in a dual frame or as part of a dual perturbative heterotic gauge group, in agreement with the Emergent String Conjecture. Using the connection between Donaldson-Thomas invariants and Noether-Lefschetz theory, we then show that every ray in the associated charge lattice either supports a tower of BPS states or of non-BPS states, and prove that these satisfy the super-extremality condition, at least in the weak coupling regime.
Encoded information of mixed correlations: the views from one dimension higher
Authors: Ghodrati Mahdis 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
After reviewing the JT gravity, we discuss the four saddles in the mixed correlation measures of black holes Hawking radiation in the setup of geometric evaporation of [1]. By looking from 1d higher point of view and partial dimensional reduction, we examine the phase structures and the universalities for these four saddles. We also discuss the behavior of quantum error correction codes for each of these four phases, reaching to consistent results. Then, instead of dimension reduction between Einstein gravity and JT, we try to explore the connections between partition functions and saddles of 3d Chern-Simons and 2d BF theories, 2d Liouville and 2d Wess-Zumino-Witten models, and also the dimensionally reduced 1d Schwarzian and 1d particles on group. We specifically sketch on the connections between these theories in the setup of mixed correlations and island formulation.
Maximization through optimization? On the relationship between hybrid performance and parental genetic distance
Authors: Würschum Tobias , Zhu Xintian , Zhao Yusheng , Jiang Yong , Reif Jochen C. , Maurer Hans Peter 
Published: August 2023

AbstractHeterosis is the improved performance of hybrids compared with their parental components and is widely exploited in agriculture. According to quantitative genetic theory, genetic distance between parents at heterotic quantitative trait loci is required for heterosis, but how heterosis varies with genetic distance has remained elusive, despite intensive research on the topic. Experimental studies have often found a positive association between heterosis and genetic distance that, however, varied in strength. Most importantly, it has remained unclear whether heterosis increases continuously with genetic distance or whether there is an optimum genetic distance after which heterosis declines again. Here, we revisit the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance and provide perspectives on how to maximize heterosis and hybrid performance in breeding, as well as the consequences for the design of heterotic groups and the utilization of more exotic material and genetic resources.
High tibial osteotomy versus unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for Kellgren–Lawrence grade 3–4 knee osteoarthritis in younger patients: comparable improvements in patient‐reported outcomes, adjusted for osteoarthritis grade and sex
Authors: Hoorntje A. , Pronk Y. , Brinkman J. M. , van Geenen R. C. I. , van Heerwaarden R. J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposePrevious studies comparing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) have seldom accounted for differing patient characteristics between both groups. This study compared patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of HTO and UKA patients, adjusted for preoperative PROs, osteoarthritis grade and sex.MethodsA retrospective study was performed analysing prospectively collected PROs, namely the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and pain/satisfaction scores, collected preoperatively and at 6 months, 12 months and 24 months postoperatively. Consecutive medial opening‐wedge HTOs and medial UKAs from 2016–2019, with a preoperative Kellgren–Lawrence grade ≥ 3, aged 50–60 years, were included. Linear mixed model analyses, with the OKS over time as the primary outcome, were used.ResultsWe included 84 HTO patients (mean age 55.0 ± 3.0, 79% male, mean BMI 27.8 ± 3.4, 75% Kellgren–Lawrence grade 3) and 130 UKA patients (mean age 55.7 ± 2.8, 47% male, mean BMI 28.7 ± 4.0, 36% Kellgren–Lawrence grade 3). Response rates were ≥ 87% at all time points. Corrected for preoperative PROs, Kellgren–Lawrence grade and sex, the HTO group had a 2.5 (95% CI 1.0–4.0) points lower OKS over time than the UKA group (p = 0.001). The Numeric Rating Scale scores (NRS; 0–10) for pain at rest and during activity were higher (p < 0.01) in the HTO group. The EQ‐5D‐descriptive system (p < 0.01), NRS satisfaction (p < 0.01), anchor function and pain scores (p < 0.01) were lower over time in the HTO group.ConclusionUKA patients had better OKS scores, pain and satisfaction scores over time than HTO patients. However, the observed differences were below their established minimal clinically important differences. Therefore, from the patients’ perspective, HTO did not appear to be inferior to UKA under the indications outlined in this study.Level of evidence Level IV.
Application of external torque enhances the detection of subtle syndesmotic ankle instability in a weight‐bearing CT
Authors: Peiffer M. , Dhont T. , Cuigniez F. , Tampere T. , Ashkani‐Esfahani S. , D’Hooghe P. , Audenaert E. , Burssens A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeAcute syndesmotic ankle injuries continue to impose a diagnostic dilemma and it remains unclear whether weightbearing and/or external rotation should be added during the imaging process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess if combined weightbearing and external rotation increases the diagnostic sensitivity of syndesmotic ankle instability using weightbearing CT (WBCT) imaging, compared to isolated weightbearing.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients with an acute syndesmotic ankle injury were analysed using a WBCT (N = 21; Age = 31.6 ± 14.1 years old). Inclusion criteria were an MRI confirmed syndesmotic ligament injury imaged by a WBCT of the ankle during weightbearing and combined weightbearing‐external rotation. Exclusion criteria consisted of fracture associated syndesmotic injuries. Three‐dimensional (3D) models were generated from the CT slices. Tibiofibular displacement and talar rotation were quantified using automated 3D measurements (anterior tibiofibular distance (ATFD), Alpha angle, posterior Tibiofibular distance (PTFD) and Talar rotation (TR) angle in comparison to the contralateral non‐injured ankle.ResultsThe difference in neutral‐stressed Alpha angle and ATFD showed a significant difference between patients with a syndesmotic ankle lesion and contralateral control (P = 0.046 and P = 0.039, respectively). The difference in neutral‐stressed PTFD and TR angle did not show a significant difference between patients with a syndesmotic ankle lesion and healthy ankles (n.s.).ConclusionApplication of combined weightbearing‐external rotation reveals an increased ATFD in patients with syndesmotic ligament injuries. This study provides the first insights based on 3D measurements to support the potential relevance of applying external rotation during WBCT imaging. In clinical practice, this could enhance the current diagnostic accuracy of subtle syndesmotic instability in a non‐invasive manner. However, to what extent certain displacement patterns require operative treatment strategies has yet to be determined in future studies.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Technology diffusion and uneven development
Authors: Knez Klemen 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe propose a conceptualisation of the process of technology adoption that takes into account the uneven relative costs of technology implementation, especially country differences in wage levels. The novelties and contributions of our approach are the following. First, we introduce a dynamic macroeconomic model of technology diffusion, which is the first to directly account for the difference in factor cost proportions in an endogenous cross-country setting. Second, we utilise the Cross-country Historical Adoption of Technology (CHAT) and Penn World Table databases to calibrate the model using non-linear approximation across countries and technologies, which explains about 50% of the variability in technology density. Third, the results of the calibrated model offer a new insight into the dynamics and patterns of technology diffusion of differently developed countries, offering both an approximation of the average technology adoption across differently developed countries over time and an approximation of the relative technology density adoption curves, which are country specific generalisations of the logistic curves and depend highly on the general level of development and wage levels.