bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal analysis of bovine mammary gland development
Authors: Vang Alysia L. , Bresolin Tiago , Frizzarini Waneska S. , Menezes Guilherme L. , Cunha Thiago , Rosa Guilherme J. M. , Hernandez Laura L. , Dorea Joao R. R. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMany studies on bovine mammary glands focus on one stage of development. Often missing in those studies are repeated measures of development from the same animals. As milk production is directly affected by amount of parenchymal tissue within the udder, understanding mammary gland growth along with visualization of its structures during development is essential. Therefore, analysis of ultrasound and histology data from the same animals would result in better understanding of mammary development over time. Thus, this research aimed to describe mammary gland development using non-invasive and invasive tools to delineate growth rate of glandular tissue responsible for potential future milk production. Mammary gland ultrasound images, biopsy samples, and blood samples were collected from 36 heifer dairy calves beginning at 10 weeks of age, and evaluated at 26, 39, and 52 weeks. Parenchyma was quantified at 10 weeks of age using ultrasound imaging and histological evaluation, and average echogenicity was utilized to quantify parenchyma at later stages of development. A significant negative correlation was detected between average echogenicity of parenchyma at 10 weeks and total adipose as a percent of histological whole tissue at 52 weeks. Additionally, a negative correlation between average daily gain at 10 and 26 weeks and maximum echogenicity at 52 weeks was present. These results suggest average daily gain and mammary gland development prior to 39 weeks of age is associated with development of the mammary gland after 39 weeks. These findings could be predictors of future milk production, however this must be further explored.
Formulation and process determined fouling prediction for the continuous emulsion co polymerisation of vinyl acetate
Authors: Rust Sören , Pauer Werner 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFouling is challenging for the industrial implementation of continuous emulsion polymerisations. A requirement for the development of successful anti-fouling concepts is an in-depth understanding of the processes involved in fouling and the knowledge of the main influencing factors. In this work, an experiment-based strategy was developed for the quantification of fouling trends and in order to calculate the expected fouling intensities during the continuous emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate copolymers. These, then, can be correlated with the direct process parameters temperature, initiator and emulsifier content and comonomer ratio. The expected fouling tendency for formulations could be determined in the investigated range with an accuracy of ± 15% referred to experimental validations.
High thermal conductivity of green nanofluid containing Ag nanoparticles prepared by using solution plasma process with Paramignya trimera extract
Authors: Hao Nguyen Van , Tung Do Hoang , Thao Truong Thi , Hoa Vu Xuan , Thoan Nguyen Hoang , Tan Pham The , Minh Phan Ngoc , Fal Jacek , Żyła Gaweł , Trinh Pham Van 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHerein, we present for the first time a quick, easy, effective, and green method for preparing green nanofluids containing silver nanoparticles. The solution plasma method with a high-voltage DC power source and extracts from the Paramignya trimera was employed to prepare silver nanoparticles. The obtained results showed that silver nanoparticles were spherical, with a small average size of − 8 nm and fairly uniformly dispersed in solution. Surface plasmon resonance spectra show a strong peak at 410 nm for the prepared samples. The Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the presence of possible functional groups on the surface of silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, the formation mechanism of silver nanoparticles is also proposed. The effect of the preparation times on the thermal conductivity of nanofluid was also investigated. As a result, the nanofluids prepared with longer preparation times had higher thermal conductivity and the highest improvement of 18.3% was obtained for the nanofluid using 4 min preparation compared to the base fluid. The obtained results indicate promise for a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly method for producing nanofluids containing silver nanoparticles with high thermal conductivity for potential applications.
Practices, beliefs, and attitudes of clinicians in prescribing direct oral anticoagulants for obese adults with atrial fibrillation: a qualitative study
Authors: Shaikh Fahad , Wynne Rochelle , Castelino Ronald L. , Inglis Sally C. , Davidson Patricia M. , Ferguson Caleb 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity affect over 60 and 650 million people, respectively.

Aim
This study aimed to explore clinician practices, beliefs, and attitudes towards the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in obese adults (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with AF.

Method
Semi-structured interviews via video conference were conducted with multidisciplinary clinicians from across Australia, with expertise in DOAC use in adults with AF. Clinicians were invited to participate using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data were analysed in NVIVO using thematic analysis.

Results
Fifteen clinicians including cardiologists (n = 5), hospital and academic pharmacists (n = 5), general practitioners (n = 2), a haematologist, a neurologist and a clinical pharmacologist participated. Interviews were on average 31 ± 9 min. Key themes identified were: Health system factors in decision-making Disparities between rural and metropolitan geographic areas, availability of health services, and time limitations for in-patient decision-making, were described; Condition-related factors in decision-making Clinicians questioned the significance of obesity as part of decision-making due to the practical limitations of dose modification, and the rarity of the extremely obese cohort; Decision-making in the context of uncertainty Clinicians reported limited availability, reliability and awareness of primary evidence including limited guidance from clinical guidelines for DOAC use in obesity.

Conclusion
This study highlights the complexity of decision-making for clinicians, due to the limited availability, reliability and awareness of evidence, the intrinsic complexity of the obese cohort and limited guidance from clinical guidelines. This highlights the urgent need for contemporary research to improve the quality of evidence to guide informed shared decision-making.
Lonely Places and Lonely People
Authors: Ratcliffe Matthew 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFeeling lonely, being a lonely person, and living through lonely times can all be construed in terms of the emotional experiences of individuals. However, we also speak of lonely places. Sometimes, a place strikes us as lonely even when we do not feel lonely ourselves. On other occasions, finding a place lonely also involves feeling lonely, isolated, and lost. In this paper, I reflect on the phenomenological structure of loneliness by addressing what it is to experience a place as lonely. I suggest that approaching loneliness in this way can help us to see how it involves not merely the lack or absence of something but, more specifically, the sense ofbeing unable toaccess social and personal possibilities that may still appear accessible to others.
Comparative analysis of bone outcomes between quantitative ultrasound and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry from the UK Biobank cohort
Authors: Swinton Paul A , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J , Sale Craig 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Summary

This large cohort study investigated reliability and validity of heel ultrasound to estimate bone mineral density in adults. Reliability calculated between left and right heels was relatively poor and so was criterion validity assessed relative to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Heel ultrasound should be used cautiously when estimating bone mineral density.

Introduction
Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) may be used as a safe, low cost, and portable means to estimate bone mineral density (BMD) in large cohorts. The purpose of this study was to quantify the reliability and validity of QUS in comparison to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which is the reference method for BMD measurement and diagnoses of osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Methods
Bone outcomes measured on the large UK Biobank cohort were used. The reliability of QUS estimated BMD was quantified by comparing values obtained from the left and right heel measured in the same session. Criterion validity was assessed through agreement between QUS and DXA, quantifying correlations, and sensitivity and specificity of osteopenia and osteoporosis diagnoses.

Results
Reliability calculations were made using data from over 216,000 participants demonstrating similar QUS BMD values between left and right heels in the absolute scale (Sd of difference for men: 0.12 and 0.07 g·cm−2). However, when expressed in relative scales, including concordance of quartiles, reliability was poor. Agreement between QUS and DXA was quantified using data from 5042 participants. Low to modest correlations (r = 0.29 to 0.44) were obtained between multiple QUS variables and DXA BMD, with sensitivity identified as very poor (0.05 to 0.23) for osteoporosis, and poor (0.37 to 0.62) for osteopenia diagnoses.

Conclusions
The findings of this large comparative analysis identify that whilst calcaneal QUS has the potential to produce reliable absolute BMD measurements and demonstrate modest associations with DXA BMD measures, use of that information to make relative statements about participants in the context of the larger population or to appropriately diagnose osteopenia or osteoporosis may be severely limited.
Changes in Fat-Free Mass, Protein Intake and Habitual Physical Activity Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Prospective Study
Authors: Nuijten Malou A. H. , Eijsvogels Thijs M. H. , Sanders Boy , Vriese Laura M. , Monpellier Valerie M. , Hazebroek Eric J. , Janssen Ignace M. C. , Hopman Maria T. E. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPurposeLarge inter-individual variations in post-bariatric fat-free mass loss (FFML) are observed, which might relate to differences in protein intake and physical activity across patients. We performed repetitive assessments of protein intake and physical activity before and after banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, and examined its relations to FFML during 6 months of follow-up.Materials and MethodsFFML (bio-impedance analyses), protein intake (24-h dietary recalls) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; activPAL) were assessed in 28 patients (4 males, age 42 ± 12 years) before surgery and at 1-, 3- and 6-months post-surgery. Changes in protein intake and MVPA were evaluated with mixed model analysis, whereas associations with FFML were assessed by univariate regression analysis.ResultsSix-month FFML was -7.3 ± 3.6 kg. Protein intake decreased from 80 ± 29 g/day (pre-surgery) to 45 ± 26 g/day (1 month post-surgery (P < 0.001)) and did not improve thereafter (51 ± 21 g/day;P > 0.05). Seven participants (25%) consumed ≥ 60 g protein/day at 6 months post-surgery. Participants performed 7394 ± 2420 steps/day in 54 ± 20 min/day of MVPA, which did not change from pre- to post-surgery (P > 0.05). A higher step count (B = -0.002; 95%CI = [-0.004 – 0.000];P = 0.048) and higher level of MVPA (B = -0.29; 95%CI = [-0.54 – -0.03];P = 0.018) were related to a lower FFML.ConclusionA lower post-surgery FFML was attributable to higher MVPA levels but not protein intake. This may be due to the low total protein intake and the observation that only a minority of patients achieved a protein intake ≥ 60 g/day. Future studies should focus on interventions to increase post-bariatric protein intake and MVPA levels.Graphical Abstract
Targeting Glutamine Metabolism as an Attractive Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Xiao Yan , Hu Bingbing , Guo Yao , Zhang Dengyang , Zhao Yuming , Chen Yun , Li Na , Yu Liuting 
Published: May 2023

Opinion statementRelapse after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation leads to adverse prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. As a “conditionally essential amino acid,” glutamine contributes to the growth and proliferation of AML cells. Glutamine-target strategies as new treatment approaches have been widely explored in AML treatment to improve outcome. Glutamine-target strategies including depletion of systemic glutamine and application of glutamine uptake inhibitors, glutamine antagonists/analogues, and glutaminase inhibitors. Because glutamine metabolism involved in multiple pathways in cells and each pathway of glutamine metabolism has many regulatory factors, therefore, AML therapy targeting glutamine metabolism should focus on how to inhibit multiple metabolic pathways without affecting normal cells and host immune to achieve effective treatment for AML.
Reciprocal Interaction of Cancer Stem Cells of Cholangiocarcinoma with Macrophage
Authors: Wang Xin , Golino Jihye L. , Hawk Nga Voong , Xie Changqing 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive type of liver cancer with few effective treatment options. Therefore, there is great need to better understand the biology of this malignancy to further development of novel treatment options. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to the underlying reason for cancer initiation, metastasis, and relapse. However, due to their elusive character and differences in identification among different types of cancer, it remains a challenge to study such cells. Additionally, characterization of the tumor microenvironment such as interactions with immune cells remain largely unknown. Here, we employ a fluorescent reporter system to track and isolate stem-like cancer cells of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Following verification of a stem-like signature (upregulated expression of stemness markers, resistance to chemotherapy, increased spheroid formation, and tumorigenesis capabilities despite inoculation of a small number of cells), we analyzed the interaction of these cells with macrophages via direct and indirect coculture assays. We noted direct coculturing increased stemness among CSC populations and induced both M1 (CD80 and HLA-DR) and M2 (CD163) tumor associated macrophage polarization. These studies suggest that there is a bi-directional crosstalk between macrophages and CSCs that promotes stemness renewal and tumor associated macrophage polarization.
Graphical Abstract
Cultural Beliefs About Diabetes-Related Social Exclusion and Diabetes Distress Impact Self-Care Behaviors and HbA1c Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ly Albert L. , Flynn Patricia M. , Betancourt Hector M. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disproportionally impacts Latin Americans (Latinos) in the U.S. compared to non-Latino Whites, as reflected by an increased risk for disease complications and higher mortality rates. Guided by an Integrative Model of Culture, Psychological Processes, and Health Behavior, the purpose of the present study was to examine the role of cultural beliefs and diabetes distress as determinants of self-care behaviors and HbA1c among Latino patients with T2DM.

Methods
Participants included 109 Latino patients with T2DM recruited from a diabetes treatment center located in a region of Southern California with high diabetes mortality rates. Structural equation modeling was employed to examine the extent to which cultural beliefs about diabetes-related social exclusion and diabetes distress impact self-care behaviors and self-reported HbA1c.

Results
Consistent with the study hypotheses, cultural beliefs about diabetes-related social exclusion predicted diabetes distress, which in turn predicted poor diabetes self-care.

Conclusions
Findings suggest an important need for intervention efforts that address both cultural and psychological factors in order to improve diabetes self-care behaviors and associated disease outcomes among Latino patients with T2DM. Future research could benefit from investigating protective aspects of culture that could help counter the negative implications of cultural beliefs about social exclusion and diabetes distress associated with poor self-care.
Dumping military waste into Lake Superior: the historic legacies of secrecy, censorship, and uncertainty
Authors: Charrière Elodie , Langston Nancy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn recent years, the issue of military waste disposal in oceans and seas has gained significant attention; however, the impact of such waste in freshwater deposits has been understudied. The Laurentian Great Lakes of North America contain 20% of the world’s fresh surface water and are particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors such as climate change, invasive species, and toxic chemicals, making the examination of military waste management in these waters crucial. This interdisciplinary study aims to investigate the legacy of two military waste disposal sites in Lake Superior, referred to as Site A (containing barrels) and Site B (containing bullets). Both are located within the ceded territories of the Ojibwe. Despite being in close proximity, these sites have had vastly different outcomes in terms of public concern, state and federal regulatory actions, and tribal restoration efforts. Based on this observation, this study aims to answer the following questions: How did these differences develop? How did military secrecy and the loss of memory influence the management of underwater military waste at each site? How do uncertainties and rumors continue to influence citizen concern and agency management of military waste? We argue for the importance of investigating the environmental legacies of underwater military waste in order to protect inland freshwater resources worldwide.
The development of deep-ocean anoxia in a comprehensive ocean phosphorus model
Authors: Donohue J. G. , Florio B. J. , Fowler A. C. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe analyse a model of the phosphorus cycle in the ocean given by Slomp and Van Cappellen (Biogeosciences 4:155–171, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-155-2007). This model contains four distinct oceanic boxes and includes relevant parts of the water, carbon and oxygen cycles. We show that the model can essentially be solved analytically, and its behaviour completely understood without recourse to numerical methods. In particular, we show that, in the model, the carbon and phosphorus concentrations in the different ocean reservoirs are all slaved to the concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus in the deep ocean, which relaxes to an equilibrium on a time scale of 180,000 y, and we show that the deep ocean is either oxic or anoxic, depending on a critical parameter which we can determine explicitly. Finally, we examine how the value of this critical parameter depends on the physical parameters contained in the model. The presented methodology is based on tools from applied mathematics and can be used to reduce the complexity of other large, biogeochemical models.
Getting the chronological age out of DNA: using insights of age-dependent DNA methylation for forensic DNA applications
Authors: Naue Jana 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
DNA analysis for forensic investigations has a long tradition with important developments and optimizations since its first application. Traditionally, short tandem repeats analysis has been the most powerful method for the identification of individuals. However, in addition, epigenetic changes, i.e., DNA methylation, came into focus of forensic DNA research. Chronological age prediction is one promising application to allow for narrowing the pool of possible individuals who caused a trace, as well as to support the identification of unknown bodies and for age verification of living individuals.

Objective
This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge, possibilities, and (current) limitations about DNA methylation-based chronological age prediction with emphasis on forensic application.

Methods
The development, implementation and application of age prediction tools requires a deep understanding about the biological background, the analysis methods, the age-dependent DNA methylation markers, as well as the mathematical models for age prediction and their evaluation. Furthermore, additional influences can have an impact. Therefore, the literature was evaluated in respect to these diverse topics.

Conclusion
The numerous research efforts in recent years have led to a rapid change in our understanding of the application of DNA methylation for chronological age prediction, which is now on the way to implementation and validation. Knowledge of the various aspects leads to a better understanding and allows a more informed interpretation of DNAm quantification results, as well as the obtained results by the age prediction tools.
Optimal approximation of analog PID controllers of complex fractional-order
Authors: Mahata Shibendu , Herencsar Norbert , Maione Guido 
Published: May 2023

AbstractComplex fractional-order (CFO) transfer functions, being more generalized versions of their real-order counterparts, lend greater flexibility to system modeling. Due to the absence of commercial complex-order fractance elements, the implementation of CFO models is challenging. To alleviate this issue, a constrained optimization approach that meets the targeted frequency responses is proposed for the rational approximation of CFO systems. The technique generates stable, minimum-phase, and real-valued coefficients based approximants, which are not always feasible for the curve-fitting approach reported in the literature. Stability and performance studies of the CFO proportional-integral-derivative (CFOPID) controllers for the Podlubny’s, the internal model control, and the El-Khazali’s forms are considered to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique. Simulation results highlight that, for a practically reasonable order, all the designs achieve good agreement with the theoretical characteristics. Performance comparisons with the CFOPID controller approximants determined by the Oustaloup’s CFO differentiator based substitution method justify the proposed approach.
Monitoring of hive weight changes in various landscapes
Authors: Czekońska Krystyna , Łopuch Sylwia , Miścicki Stanisław , Bańkowski Janusz , Szabla Kazimierz 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBee development is determined by the quantity and quality of food resources available in the environment that can be used by bees only to a certain extent. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate, by means of changes in hive weight, the amount of food collected by honey bees in various landscapes, in relation to meteorological conditions, landscape, and forest structure. The monitored colonies (n = 104) were placed on electronic beehive scales, which provided data about hive weight, temperature, and humidity over two beekeeping seasons. The landscape valuation within a 2 km radius from each beehive was prepared based on digital maps. The seasonal distribution of food resources collected by honey bees was determined based on hive weight changes analysed in 5-day-periods (i.e. pentads). The hive weight changes mainly depended on the observation period and the air temperature. The hive weight increased from April to the last 10 days of June and when the air temperature was over 24 °C. The proportions of agricultural lands and forests, as well as the air humidity, had a small effect on hive weight changes. Continuous monitoring of the weight of honey bee colonies on a large scale showed that honey bees collected food stores in their nests mainly in the spring. Then, they collected a small amount of food, probably due to limited access to food resources from the last 10 days of June until the end of the growing season.