bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Practices and Perspectives of Artificial Intelligence in the Clinical Management of Eating Disorders: Insights From Clinicians and Community Participants
Authors: Linardon Jake , Liu Claudia , Messer Mariel , McClure Zoe , Anderson Cleo , Jarman Hannah K. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveArtificial intelligence (AI) could revolutionize the delivery of mental health care, helping to streamline clinician workflows and assist with diagnostic and treatment decisions. Yet, before AI can be integrated into practice, it is necessary to understand perspectives of these tools to inform facilitators and barriers to their uptake. We gathered data on clinician and community participant perspectives of incorporating AI in the clinical management of eating disorders.MethodA survey was distributed internationally to clinicians (n = 116) with experience in eating disorder treatment (psychologists, psychiatrists, etc.) and community participants (n = 155) who reported occurrence of eating disorder behaviors.Results59% of clinicians reported use of AI systems (most commonly ChatGPT) for professional reasons, compared to 18% of community participants using them for help‐related purposes. While more than half of clinicians (58%) and community participants (53%) were open for AI to help support them, fewer were enthusiastic about their integration (40% and 27%, respectively) and believed that they would significantly improve client outcomes (28% and 13%, respectively). Nine in 10 agreed that AI may be improperly used if individuals are not adequately trained, and could pose new data privacy and security concerns. Most agreed that AI will be convenient, beneficial for administrative tasks, and an avenue for continuous support, but will never outperform human clinicians on relational skills.ConclusionWhile many clinicians and community participants are open to the use of AI in eating disorder treatment and recognize its possible wide‐ranging benefits, most remain cautious and uncertain about its implementation.
The role of dopants in mitigating the chemo‐mechanical degradation of Ni‐rich cathode: A critical review
Authors: Rambukwella Imesha , Ponnuru Hanisha , Yan Cheng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractNi‐rich cathodes are more promising candidates to the increasing demand for high capacity and the ability to operate at high voltages. However, the high Ni content creates a trade‐off between energy density and cycling stability, mainly caused by the chemo‐mechanical degradation. Oxygen evolution, cation mixing, rock salt formation, phase transition, and crack formation contribute to the degradation process. To overcome this problem, strategies such as doping, surface coating, and core‐shell structures have been employed. The advantage of doping is to engineer the cathode surface, structure, and particle morphology simultaneously. This review aims to summarize recent advances in understanding chemo‐mechanical degradation mechanism and the role of different dopants in enhancing the thermal stability and overall electrochemical performance. The pinning and pillaring effects of dopants on suppressing oxygen evolution, cation mixing, and phase transition are introduced. It is found that the higher ionic radii enable dopants to reside on cathode particles, preserving the particle surface and refining particle morphology to suppress crack formation. Finally, the effect of doping on Li ion diffusion, rate capability, and long‐term stability are discussed.
Guideline‐directed medical therapy rates in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction in a diverse cohort
Authors: Berry Natalia C. , Sheu Yi‐Shin , Chesbrough Karen , Bishop R. Clayton , Vupputuri Suma 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsGuideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) is recommended for all patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Despite this, little data exist describing GDMT use in diverse, real‐world populations including the use of vasodilators, prescribed primarily to Black populations. We sought, among a diverse population of HFrEF patients, to determine (1) GDMT use rates and target dosing by medication class and (2) predictors of GDMT use and target dosing by medication class.MethodsWe utilized electronic health records (EHRs) from Kaiser Permanente (KP) Mid‐Atlantic States, a large integrated health system. Included patients had heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) of ≤40% between 2015 and 2021. GDMT was defined by five medication classes—angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (ACEis)/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)/angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNis), beta‐blockers (BBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and vasodilators (Black patients only). Proportions of patients on GDMT and target dose rates were examined. Logistic regression determined, within each class, predictors of medication use and being at ≥80% of the target dose.ResultsA total of 3154 patients were included. Among the 93.8% on some form of GDMT, 82.8%, 81.4%, 23.5%, 3.6% and 13.4% were on ACEis/ARBs/ARNis, BBs, MRAs, SGLT2is and vasodilators (Black patients only), respectively. Among treated patients, 45.8%, 21.4%, 77.6%, 100% and 14.7% were treated at ≥80% of the target dose for ACEis/ARBs/ARNis, BBs, MRAs, SGLT2is and vasodilators, respectively. Overall, increasing age, higher EF, atrial fibrillation/flutter, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), prior stroke and dementia were associated with decreased odds of GDMT use. Conversely, higher body mass index (BMI), Black race, higher glomerular filtration rate (GFR), recent echo and cardiac defibrillator were associated with increased odds of GDMT use. Among treated, higher BMI, higher systolic blood pressure, haemoglobin A1C ≥ 6.5% and cardiac defibrillator were associated with higher odds of being at ≥80% of the target dose.ConclusionsOur study using real‐world data from a diverse health system demonstrated gaps in GDMT use among patients with HFrEF, specifically older patients with more comorbidities.
Relaxin mimetic in pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease: Design and rationale of Re‐PHIRE
Authors: Ufnal Marcin , Connolly Kathleen , Millegard Marcus , Surkova Elena , Guazzi Marco , Bonderman Diana , Ezekowitz Justin , Gustafsson Finn , Ciurzyński Michał , Vilella Raquel López , Ahmad Tariq , Gardner Roy , Jansa Pavel , van Wijk Sandra , Kinugawa Koichiro , Björklund Erik , Jing Zhi‐Cheng , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAimsDespite receiving guideline‐directed medical heart failure (HF) therapy, patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with left heart disease (PH‐LHD) experience higher mortality and hospitalization rates than the general HF population. AZD3427 is a functionally selective, long‐acting mimetic of relaxin, a hormone that has the potential to induce vasodilation and prevent fibrosis. In a phase 1b study conducted in patients with HF, AZD3427 demonstrated a favourable safety and pharmacokinetic profile. To address the unmet medical need in patients with PH‐LHD in the context of HF, AZD3427 is currently under development as a potential treatment option.Methods and resultsThe Re‐PHIRE study is a phase 2b, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre, dose‐ranging study to evaluate the effect of AZD3427 on a broad range of PH‐LHD phenotypes. In total, 220 patients will be randomized to four treatment groups to receive a subcutaneous injection of AZD3427 or placebo every 2 weeks for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study is the change in pulmonary vascular resistance in patients treated with AZD3427 versus placebo after 24 weeks of treatment. Key secondary endpoints include changes in mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary artery wedge pressure, systemic vascular resistance, 6‐min walking distance, N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide levels, echocardiographic parameters, and health‐related quality of life (assessed by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire).ConclusionsRe‐PHIRE is the first study of a relaxin mimetic in patients with PH‐LHD. The insights gained from the Re‐PHIRE study are expected to inform the further development of AZD3427 in the PH‐LHD population, including identifying the most suitable pulmonary hypertension and HF phenotypes for treatment.
Research on the Development of Rural Human Settlement Environment in the Upper Reaches of the Lancang River Based on Ecological Carrying Capacity Constraints
Authors: Zhao Xiaoliang , Li Junhuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe development of rural human settlement environments in ecologically sensitive areas, particularly the upper reaches of the Lancang River within the Sanjiangyuan region, has garnered significant attention due to its paramount importance in balancing economic growth and ecological conservation. However, the comprehension of sustainable development strategies within the confines of ecological carrying capacity in these regions remains inadequate. The present study aims to investigate the rural human settlement environment in Nangqen County, situated within the Sanjiangyuan region, and to explore adaptive construction strategies that facilitate harmonious coexistence between human settlements and the natural environment. Utilizing an ecological footprint model integrated with the ArcGIS platform, this research evaluates the ecological carrying capacity and its variations from 2000 to 2020. The results indicate that, despite the land ecological environment being generally safe, the total ecological footprint has surpassed a twofold increase, primarily driven by the expansion of animal husbandry activities. Furthermore, the study conducts a suitability assessment of rural settlements in Nangqen County, pinpointing areas that are most conducive to sustainable development and those that necessitate protection.
Clinical Assessment of Drug Transporter Inhibition Using Biomarkers: Review of the Literature (2015–2024)
Authors: Rodrigues David , Wezalis Stephanie 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAs part of a narrative review of various publications describing the clinical use of urine‐ and plasma‐based drug transporter biomarkers, it was determined that the utilization of coproporphyrin I, a hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 and OATP1B3 biomarker, has been reported for 28 different drug–drug interaction (DDI) perpetrator drugs. Similarly, biomarkers for liver organic cation transporter 1 (isobutyryl‐l‐carnitine, N = 7 inhibitors), renal organic cation transporter 2 and multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (N1‐methylnicotinamide, N = 13 inhibitors), renal organic anion transporter (OAT) 1 and 3 (pyridoxic acid, N = 7 inhibitors), and breast cancer resistance protein (riboflavin, N = 3 inhibitors) have also been described. Increased use of biomarkers has also been accompanied by modeling efforts to enable DDI predictions and development of multiplexed methods to facilitate their bioanalysis. Overall, there is consensus that exploratory biomarkers such as coproporphyrin I can be integrated into decision trees encompassing in vitro transporter inhibition data, DDI risk assessments, and follow‐up Phase 1 studies. Therefore, sponsors can leverage biomarkers to evaluate dose‐dependent inhibition of selected transporters, use them jointly with drug probes to deconvolute DDI mechanisms, and integrate in vitro data packages to establish calibrated (biomarker informed) DDI risk assessment cutoffs. Although transporter biomarker science has progressed, reflected by its inclusion in the recently issued International Council for Harmonisation DDI guidance document (M12), some biomarkers still require further validation. There is also a need for biomarkers that can differentiate specific transporters (e.g., OATP1B3 vs OATP1B1 and OAT1 vs OAT3).
Effectiveness of E‐Learning Method on Exodontia for Dental Students: A Theoretical Domain Framework Study
Authors: Abed Hassan , Demyati Abrar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThe study aimed to assess the impact of e‐learning tools using teaching videos on dental extraction for dental students.Material and MethodsTeaching videos on dental extraction were sent to each participating dental students. The theoretical domain framework (TDF) was used to assess dental students’ self‐reported behavior on dental extraction.ResultsThe response rate was 77%. Male students found teaching videos support their practice significantly in dental extraction by their skills, beliefs about capabilities, optimism, environment context and resources, social influences, and emotion (p‐value <0.001 and <0.05). T‐Test showed that male students reported significant improvement in the overall TDF compared to female students (male = 130.26 ± 21.4 vs. female = 115.09 ± 26.8, p‐value = 0.007). Results showed that there are positive correlations between skills (r = 0.419), beliefs about capabilities (r = 0.511), optimism (r = 0.414), emotion (r = 0.411), beliefs about consequences (r = 0.314), reinforcement (r = 0.396), intentions (r = 0.322), goals (r = 0.329), memory, attention and decision process (r = 0.356), environment context and resources (r = 0.318), and social influences (r = 0.367) with students’ satisfaction rate when practicing dental extraction after watching the teaching videos (p‐value <0.001 and <0.05). The one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed that students at higher levels have higher scores on the theoretical framework's domains as measured by the means on 10 domains out of 13 (p‐value < 0.001).ConclusionsIncorporating video‐based teaching materials into the dental curriculum can be valuable in improving students' skills and proficiency in performing dental extractions.
Edaravone Mitigates Hippocampal Neuronal Death and Cognitive Dysfunction by Upregulating BDNF Expression in Neonatal Hypoxic–Ischemic Rats
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Yongkai , Lin Yijun 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNeonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a severe neurological injury during infancy, often resulting in long‐term cognitive deficits. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Edaravone (EDA), a free radical scavenger, and elucidate the potential role of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mediating these effects in neonatal HIE rats. Using the Rice‐Vannucci model, HIE was induced in neonatal rats, followed by immediate administration of EDA after the hypoxic–ischemic insult. To examine the role of BDNF, a separate group of rats received intrahippocampal injections of a lentiviral vector for BDNF knockdown prior to the induction of HIE and subsequent EDA treatment. Neuronal survival and apoptosis in the hippocampal region were assessed by immunofluorescence and TUNEL staining, respectively. BDNF expression levels in the hippocampus were analysed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) and Y maze tests. Results demonstrated that EDA significantly reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and death, increased neuronal survival, and enhanced BDNF expression compared to the control group. However, the therapeutic effects of EDA were mitigated in the BDNF knockdown group, indicating a crucial role of BDNF in mediating the neuroprotective effects of EDA. Behavioural testing confirmed that EDA treatment significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities in HIE rats, but these improvements were not observed in rats with BDNF knockdown. In conclusion, our study suggests that EDA treatment mitigates hippocampal neuronal death and improves cognitive dysfunction in HIE rats primarily by upregulating BDNF expression. These findings provide experimental support for the potential application of EDA in the treatment of HIE and highlight the essential role of BDNF in neuroprotection and cognitive recovery post‐HIE.
Effect of Proteinuria Before Lenvatinib Administration on Treatment Response After Atezolizumab Bevacizumab Combination Therapy
Authors: Ochi Hironori , Kurosaki Masayuki , Tanaka Takaaki , Tamaki Nobuharu , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yasui Yutaka , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Tada Toshifumi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Akahane Takehiro , Okamoto Eisuke , Kobashi Haruhiko , Arai Hirotaka , Nonogi Michiko , Izumi Namiki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAimWe investigated the impact of proteinuria on the therapeutic effect before lenvatinib administration as second‐line treatment after atezolizumab‐bevacizumab.MethodsWe examined 64 patients who were administered lenvatinib as second‐line treatment after discontinuation of atezolizumab and bevacizumab. Proteinuria assessed before lenvatinib administration was considered severe if the qualitative value test (QV) was 3+ or the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR) was ≥ 2.0 (group A, n = 13) and non‐severe if the UPCR was < 2.0 or the QV was ≤ 2+ (group B, n = 51).ResultsIn the entire cohort, the modified albumin–bilirubin grades were grades 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 in 12, 21, 26, and 5 patients, respectively. Regarding the Barcelona Clinic of Liver Cancer stage, 2, 22, and 40 patients had stages A, B, and C, respectively. The objective response rate (ORR) was 14.0% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 59.3%. The median survival time and progression free survival after administration of lenvatinib was 14.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.3–18.4) and 5.5 (95% CI, 3.6–7.5) months, respectively. The ORR and DCR were 0% and 38.4% for group A (n = 13) and 17.6% and 64.7% for group B (n = 51), respectively. The median time to treatment failure was 2.2 months in group A and 4.2 months in group B (p = 0.120).ConclusionsSevere proteinuria before lenvatinib as a second‐line therapy after atezolizumab‐bevacizumab treatment may affect the duration of lenvatinib administration and treatment efficacy.
Increased Risk of Femoral Neck Stress Fractures in Patients With Cam or Pincer Morphology
Authors: Rynecki Nicole D. , DeClouette Brittany , Gantz Owen B. , Berzolla Emily , Li Zachary , Garra Sharif , Akpinar Berckan D. , Youm Thomas 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrevious studies suggest a relationship between femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and femoral neck stress fractures (FNSF), due to pathologic biomechanics in the setting of femoral head abutment (cam morphology) and/or acetabular overcoverage (pincer morphology). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between cam or pincer morphology and FNSF, compared to a control group of patients without hip pain. A retrospective review of the electronic medical record at a single institution was queried for patients with FNSF over a 10‐year time period from January 2011–2021. These patients were compared to a control group with diagnostic radiographs and a chief complaint that was not hip pain presenting to the institution's emergency department. Hip morphology was evaluated radiographically. A multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate an association between FNSF and cam or pincer morphology. Eighty‐three patients with FNSF and a mean age of 38.6 years were compared to 55 healthy controls with a mean age of 35.8 years. Patients in the FNSF group were more often female, white, and had lower BMI. These patients were also more likely to have associated cam morphology (p = 0.010). Binary logistic regression demonstrated a statistically significant independent association between both cam (OR 5.2, p = 0.01) and pincer (OR 4.6, p = 0.022) morphology with FNSF when controlling for demographic variables. Black race and higher BMI were protective factors for FNSF (OR 0.09, OR 0.84, p < 0.01). In summary, radiographic cam morphology, superolateral acetabular overcoverage, female sex, and lower BMI are risk factors for sustaining FNSF, while the black race was found to be protective.
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with significant elevations to fecal calprotectin, systemic inflammatory markers
Authors: Villalba‐Davila Priscila , Aronson Stephanie , Lat Jessica , Charles Cassandra , Schroeder Bryce , Pittman Meredith , Tang Vivian , Wallach Thomas 
Published: January 2025

AbstractObjectivesFecal calprotectin (FC) is a marker commonly used in the diagnosis and follow‐up of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, other gastrointestinal conditions, like H. pylori (HP) infection, can result in increased neutrophil activity as well. We set out to assess the impact of HP infection on FC and downstream gastrointestinal care via a retrospective study.MethodsIn this study, we collected data from two institutions in Brooklyn, NY, in a high immigrant density community. We reviewed data from patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) between January 2017 and October 2022. Patients aged 6–18 years old with an FC level 6 months prior to EGD and HP testing were included.ResultsOf 129 patients, 37 (28.7%) tested positive for HP infection. The mean FC level was significantly elevated in HP‐positive patients (241.2, confidence interval [CI]: 161.0–321.3) as compared with HP‐negative patients (88.1, CI: 59.1–117.0) (p < 0.001). Patients with higher FC levels were also more likely to undergo colonoscopies (p = 0.003).DiscussionHP infection is associated with increased calprotectin, and calprotectin increases in HP patients are associated with an increased risk of colonoscopy.
Investigation of protein structure and quality of Acipenser sinensis frozen by liquid nitrogen
Authors: Tan Ling , Chen Jiwang , Li Zihan , Liao E , Xiong Youling , Lu Hongyan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of Acipenser sinensis deteriorates significantly during frozen storage due to its high water, protein, and unsaturated fatty acid content. Conventional freezing methods are insufficient to preserve it effectively. This study investigated the effects of liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF) on the quality and myofibrillar protein (MP) characteristics of A. sinensis during frozen storage.ResultsFreezing A. sinensis with LNF resulted in faster freezing, lower free water content, smaller ice crystals, and less structural damage to MPs than refrigerator freezing (RF). It also resulted in higher shear force, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, and total sulfhydryl content, as well as lower total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) values, thawing loss rate, and disulfide bond content, demonstrating that LNF can inhibit protein denaturation and delay the deterioration in the quality of A. sinensis during frozen storage. There were no significant differences between LNF‐80 and LNF‐110 in quality and myofibrillar protein characteristics of A. sinensis.ConclusionsLiquid nitrogen freezing can maintain the quality of A. sinensis and reduce the degree of MP denaturation and oxidation during frozen storage. Freezing with LNF at −80 °C might be more appropriate for A. sinensis. The study has important implications for the application of cryogenic storage technology to aquatic products. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.