bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood Inflammatory Biomarkers Differentiate Inpatient and Outpatient Coronavirus Disease 2019 From Influenza
Authors: Luciani Lauren L , Miller Leigh M , Zhai Bo , Clarke Karen , Hughes Kramer Kailey , Schratz Lucas J , Balasubramani G K , Dauer Klancie , Nowalk M Patricia , Zimmerman Richard K , Shoemaker Jason E , Alcorn John F 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe ongoing circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a diagnostic challenge because symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are difficult to distinguish from other respiratory diseases. Our goal was to use statistical analyses and machine learning to identify biomarkers that distinguish patients with COVID-19 from patients with influenza.MethodsCytokine levels were analyzed in plasma and serum samples from patients with influenza and COVID-19, which were collected as part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (inpatient network) and the US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness (outpatient network).ResultsWe determined that interleukin (IL)-10 family cytokines are significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza patients. The results suggest that the IL-10 family cytokines are a potential diagnostic biomarker to distinguish COVID-19 and influenza infection, especially for inpatients. We also demonstrate that cytokine combinations, consisting of up to 3 cytokines, can distinguish SARS-CoV-2 and influenza infection with high accuracy in both inpatient (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.84) and outpatient (AUC = 0.81) groups, revealing another potential screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection.ConclusionsThis study not only reveals prospective screening tools for COVID-19 infections that are independent of polymerase chain reaction testing or clinical condition, but it also emphasizes potential pathways involved in disease pathogenesis that act as potential targets for future mechanistic studies.
Beyond Rainbow Flags and Resilience
Authors: Scrine Elly 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
There is palpable academic and sociocultural attention currently being directed towards the notion of diversity and inclusion. Contextualized by neoliberalism and other forces, these practices can operate as a thin façade, offering a promise of equality while offloading responsibility for change onto individuals to adapt, self-regulate, and develop resilience. Across a range of contexts with ‘vulnerable’ young people, music is identified as a potential site for building resilience. In music therapy, literature concerned with LGBTQIA+ practice has typically focused on constructing safe spaces for queer and gender-diverse clients rather than addressing larger systemic issues that necessitate the need for such refuge. This chapter examines the role of neoliberalism in placing responsibility on individuals to overcome adversity and where therapeutic intervention is posed as a solution to issues of social inequity. I write with an intention to journey beyond categorizing LGBTQIA+ people as a cohesive and distinct subject group, focusing instead on the gender binary and heteronormativity as ideologies under which we all exist, and their intersection with other systems of oppression. The latter part of the chapter elucidates some of these notions through a case study, drawn from my research with young people exploring gender in high school. I bring into focus the sociopolitical context of a school that used superficial notions of diversity to claim itself as progressive, highlighting the role of music in responding to these dynamics and building young people’s political agency.
Bone mineral density in patients diagnosed with giant cell arteritis taking glucocorticoids: a case–control study
Authors: Geressu Adam , Sultan Zain , Bukhari Marwan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe standard treatment for GCA is high-dose glucocorticoids (GCs). It is unknown whether GCs are more detrimental to BMD at the spine or the hip. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GCs on BMD at the lumbar spine and hip in patients with GCA being treated with GCs.MethodsPatients who were referred for DXA at a hospital in the north-west of England between 2010 and 2019 were included. Two patient groups were identified: patients with GCA on current GC (cases) were matched 1:4 based on age and biological sex to those referred to the scanner with no indication for scanning (controls). Logistic models were fitted looking at the spine and hip BMD, unadjusted and adjusted for height and weight.ResultsAs would be expected, this gave an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.280 (95% CI 0.071, 1.110) at the lumbar spine, OR of 0.238 (95% CI 0.033, 1.719) at the left femoral neck, OR of 0.187 (95% CI 0.037, 0.948) at the right femoral neck, OR of 0.005 (95% CI 0.001, 0.021) at the left total hip and OR of 0.003 (95% CI 0.001, 0.015) at the right total hip.ConclusionThe study has shown that patients diagnosed with GCA receiving GC treatment have a lower BMD at the right femoral neck, left total hip and right total hip compared with controls in patients of the same age and biological sex after adjusting for height and weight.
How does trip frequency distort time value to impact congestion charging schemes?
Authors: Li Maosheng , Li Hangcong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
A notable feature of a city or region with close economic and social connections with its neighbours is its highly mixed local and external traffic, and in some cases the external traffic volume is almost as high as that of local traffic. Whilst local traffic volume may be largely made up of the same regular local commuters making frequent trips, external traffic from outside of the city (region) may not be the same people making regular trips to/from the city. However, from a large pool of people making infrequent trips to/from the city, the existence of external traffic is proven by data from the licence plate recognition system of road vehicles in Changde, China. The function of value of time correlated with the income/wage rate and trip frequency is exploited and verified statistically. The time value distorted by trip frequency is defined as perceived time value (PTV), which also influences the way travellers perceive any travel impedance such as congestion delay and toll charges. This paper analyses the price of anarchy (POA) when explicitly considering the travel frequency of the trip-makers and their PTV, and compares with previous analysis without considering travel frequency. We show that when travel frequency is considered, the optimal toll of congested road pricing schemes which converts road traffic flow from user equilibrium into system optimization is much lower than that without considering travel frequency. The cost of licence plate auction cannot be treated as a congestion toll, which is only a threshold of vehicle ownership. That travellers choose routes by PTV rather than TV (time value) is proven by an example of Heishipu Bridge in Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
Research and development of prevention and control measures on the transmission of pathogens in compartments of passenger transport
Authors: Tian Hongqi , Wang Tiantian , Xu Lei , Sha Miao , Chen Shujun , Yang Zeyun , Zhu Yan , Chen Dawei , Li Hengkui , Zhang Lei , Qian Bosen , Tian Xudong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Contagious pathogens like COVID-19 transmitted via respiratory droplets spread effortlessly in the passenger compartments of transport, significantly jeopardizing passengers’ safety when taking public transportation. To date, studies on the fundamental theories of airborne droplet transmission and the engineering application of decontamination techniques are insufficient for the prevention and control of pathogens transmitting in the compartments of passenger transport. It is essential to systematically investigate the control approaches to restrain pathogens from transmitting in passenger compartments. Herein, a theoretical framework for calculating the transmission of pathogens in a complex compartment environment was proposed, and experimental platforms that satisfy the Biosafety Level-2 Laboratory safety level for compartment environment simulations were built based on a set of real train cabins. On these bases, numerical investigations on the motion of pathogen-laden droplets were conducted, and decontamination techniques were examined experimentally. Thereby, control measures on the pathogen transmission and pathogen decontamination schemes were proposed. Moreover, highly efficient decontamination devices were developed, and coping strategies for epidemic emergencies were devised. The outcomes provide theoretical and technical support for developing the next generation of transportation and the prevention and control measures cooperatively considering regular and pandemic times.
Long‐term exercise preserves pancreatic islet structure and β‐cell mass through attenuation of islet inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Carvalho Vladmir H. C. , Wang Qianqian , Xu Xiaohan , Liu Lijie , Jiang Weixin , Wang Xiaohang , Wang Jinbang , Li Wei , Chen Juan , Li Tingting , Chen Yang , Zhu Wenwen , Sun Zilin , Qiu Shanhu 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIslet fibrosis is associated with the disruption of islet structure and contributes to β‐cell dysfunction, playing an essential role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise has been shown to attenuate fibrosis in various organs; however, the effect of exercise on islet fibrosis has not been defined. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal diet sedentary [N‐Sed], normal diet + exercise [N‐Ex], high‐fat diet sedentary [H‐Sed], and high‐fat diet + exercise [H‐Ex]. After 60 weeks of exercise, 4452 islets from Masson‐stained slides were analyzed. Exercise led to a 68% and 45% reduction in islet fibrosis in the normal and high‐fat diet groups and was correlated with a lower serum blood glucose. Fibrotic islets were characterized by irregular shapes and substantial loss of β‐cell mass, which were significantly reduced in the exercise groups. Remarkably, the islets from exercised rats at week 60 were morphologically comparable to those of sedentary rats at 26 weeks. In addition, the protein and RNA levels of collagen and fibronectin, and the protein levels of hydroxyproline in the islets were also attenuated by exercise. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in inflammatory markers in the circulation Interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β)] and pancreas [IL‐1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor‐alpha, Transforming Growth Factor‐β, and Phosphorylated Nuclear Factor Kappa‐B p65 subunit], lower macrophage infiltration, and stellate cell activation in the islets of exercised rats. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that long‐term exercise preserves pancreatic islet structure and β‐cell mass through anti‐inflammatory and anti‐fibrotic actions, suggesting additional rationales for the success of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes that should be further explored.
CircHOMER1 inhibits porcine adipogenesis via the miR‐23b/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Li Meng , Li Jiao , Ji Mengting , An Jiaqi , Zhao Tianzhi , Yang Yang , Cai Chunbo , Gao Pengfei , Cao Guoqing , Guo Xiaohong , Li Bugao 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFat deposition is critical to pork quality. However, the mechanism of fat deposition remains to be elucidated. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ideal biomarkers and are involved in adipogenesis. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of circHOMER1 on porcine adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Western blotting, Oil red O staining, and HE staining were used to assess the function of circHOMER1 in adipogenesis. The results showed that circHOMER1 inhibited adipogenic differentiation of porcine preadipocytes and suppressed adipogenesis in mice. Dual‐luciferase reporter gene, RIP, and pull‐down assays demonstrated that miR‐23b directly bound to circHOMER1 and the 3′‐UTR of SIRT1. Rescue experiments further illustrated the regulatory relationship among circHOMER1, miR‐23b, and SIRT1. Conclusively, we demonstrate that circHOMER1 plays an inhibitory role in porcine adipogenesis through miR‐23b and SIRT1. The present study revealed the mechanism of porcine adipogenesis, which may be helpful to improve pork quality.
Antithrombotic therapy and bleeding risk in the era of aggressive lipid-lowering: current evidence, clinical implications, and future perspectives
Authors: Zhou Xin , Li Ziping , Liu Hangkuan , Li Yongle , Zhao Dong , Yang Qing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The clinical efficacy of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) in reducing major cardiovascular adverse events related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has been well established in recent large randomized outcome trials. Although the cardiovascular and all-cause mortality benefit of PCSK9i remains inconclusive, current cholesterol management guidelines have been modified toward more aggressive goals for lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Consequently, the emerging concept of “the lower the better” has become the paradigm of ASCVD prevention. However, there is evidence from observational studies of a U-shaped association between baseline LDL-C levels and all-cause mortality in population-based cohorts. Among East Asian populations, low LDL-C was associated with an increased risk for hemorrhagic stroke in patients not on antithrombotic therapy. Accumulating evidence showed that low LDL-C was associated with an enhanced bleeding risk in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention. Additionally, low LDL-C was associated with a higher risk for incident atrial fibrillation and thereby, a possible increase in the risk for intracranial hemorrhage after initiation of anticoagulation therapy. The mechanism of low-LDL-C-related bleeding risk has not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes recent evidence of low-LDL-C-related bleeding risk in patients on antithrombotic therapy and discusses potential measures for reducing this risk, underscoring the importance of carefully weighing the pros and cons of aggressive LDL-C lowering in patients on antithrombotic therapy.
Clinical feature difference between juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with SPTLC1 and FUS mutations
Authors: Wang Peishan , Wei Qiao , Li Hongfu , Wu Zhi-Ying 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background:
Juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (JALS) is an uncommon form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis whose age at onset (AAO) is defined as prior to 25 years. FUS mutations are the most common cause of JALS. SPTLC1 was recently identified as a disease-causative gene for JALS, which has rarely been reported in Asian populations. Little is known regarding the difference in clinical features between JALS patients carrying FUS and SPTLC1 mutations. This study aimed to screen mutations in JALS patients and to compare the clinical features between JALS patients with FUS and SPTLC1 mutations.

Methods:
Sixteen JALS patients were enrolled, including three newly recruited patients between July 2015 and August 2018 from the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Mutations were screened by whole-exome sequencing. In addition, clinical features such as AAO, onset site and disease duration were extracted and compared between JALS patients carrying FUS and SPTLC1 mutations through a literature review.

Results:
A novel and de novo SPTLC1 mutation (c.58G>A, p.A20T) was identified in a sporadic patient. Among 16 JALS patients, 7/16 carried FUS mutations and 5/16 carried respective SPTLC1, SETX, NEFH, DCTN1, and TARDBP mutations. Compared with FUS mutation patients, those with SPTLC1 mutations had an earlier AAO (7.9 ± 4.6 years vs. 18.1 ± 3.9 years, P < 0.01), much longer disease duration (512.0 [416.7–607.3] months vs. 33.4 [21.6–45.1] months, P < 0.01), and no onset of bulbar.

Conclusion:
Our findings expand the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of JALS and help to better understand the genotype–phenotype correlation of JALS.
Characteristics of Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients With Livedoid Vasculopathy
Authors: Eswaran Harish , Traub Rebecca , Googe Paul , Moll Stephan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is an ulcerative disorder of the lower extremities characterized by dermal vessel thrombosis with unclear cause. Recent reports of LV-associated upper extremity peripheral neuropathy and epineurial thrombosis suggest a systemic etiology for the condition. We sought to outline the characteristics of peripheral neuropathy in patients with LV. Cases of LV with concurrent peripheral neuropathy and reviewable electrodiagnostic testing reports were identified by electronic medical record database query and examined in detail. Of 53 patients with LV, 33 (62%) had peripheral neuropathy, 11 had reviewable electrodiagnostic reports, and 6 had no clear alternative explanation for neuropathy. Distal symmetric polyneuropathy was the most commonly observed pattern of neuropathy (n = 3) followed by mononeuropathy multiplex (n = 2). Most patients experienced symptoms in both upper and lower extremities (n = 4). Peripheral neuropathy is common in patients with LV. Whether this association is reflective of a systemic, prothrombotic etiology remains to be determined.
Conjunctival Müllerectomy With or Without Tarsectomy Using Absorbable Versus Nonabsorbable Suture
Authors: Mechels Keegan B. , Hwang Catherine J. , Perry Julian D. 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
To compare the outcomes of blepharoptosis repair using conjunctival Müllerectomy with or without tarsectomy (CM±T) using absorbable suture versus nonabsorbable suture.

Methods:
Retrospective case-series of all consecutive cases of CM±T ptosis repair between January 1, 2019, and August 31, 2021. Patients were placed in groups based on whether they had absorbable or nonabsorbable suture used during their procedure. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of MRD1 were gathered in both groups, and information on patient satisfaction, symmetry, complications, and reoperations.

Results:
Ninety-two patients had surgery using nonabsorbable suture and 96 patients had surgery using absorbable suture, with average age of 72.0 and 70.9 years, respectively (p = 0.488). When comparing nonabsorbable to absorbable suture, the groups did not differ on average preoperative MRD1 (1.11 mm [±0.96] vs. 0.96 mm [±0.86]; p = 0.161), average postoperative MRD1 (3.18 mm [±0.54] vs. 3.20 mm (±0.51); p = 0.736) or average MRD1 improvement (2.09 mm (±0.86) vs. 2.25 mm (±0.79); p = 0.089). Goal MRD1 was achieved in 85.3% of nonabsorbable cases and 82.8% of absorbable cases (p = 0.562) and the rate of reoperation between groups was not significant (p = 0.63). Good postoperative symmetry was noted in 91.6% of nonabsorbable and 91.0% absorbable suture cases (p = 0.83). No difference in the number of complications was noted between groups (p = 0.88), including need for contact lens placement (2.7% nonabsorbable, 1.3% absorbable; p = 0.37).

Conclusions:
The use of absorbable suture was found to have predictable and effective outcomes similar to cases using nonabsorbable suture for CM±T without an increase in complications or rate or reoperation.
COVID-19–Related Medical Vulnerability and Mental Health Outcomes Among US First Responders
Authors: Lebeaut Antoine , Zegel Maya , Leonard Samuel J. , Healy Nathaniel A. , Anderson-Fletcher Elizabeth A. , Vujanovic Anka A. 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The present investigation examined the main and interactive effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–related medical vulnerability (CMV; the number of medical conditions with potential to elevate COVID-19 risk) and first responder status (emergency medical services roles vs non–emergency medical services roles) on mental health symptoms.

Methods
A national sample of 189 first responders completed an online survey between June and August 2020. Hierarchal linear regression analyses were conducted and included the following covariates: years served as a first responder, COVID-19 exposure, and trauma load.

Results
Unique main and interactive effects emerged for both CMV and first responder status. COVID-19–related medical vulnerability was uniquely associated with anxiety and depression, but not alcohol use. Simple slope analyses revealed divergent results.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that first responders with CMV are more likely to experience anxiety and depressive symptoms and that these associations may vary by first responder role.
Increased actin binding is a shared molecular consequence of numerous spinocerebellar ataxia mutations in β-III-spectrin
Authors: Atang Alexandra E. , Keller Amanda R. , Denha Sarah A. , Avery Adam W. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in theSPTBN2gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein β-III-spectrin. Previously, we demonstrated that a L253P missense mutation, localizing to the β-III-spectrin actin-binding domain (ABD), causes increased actin-binding affinity. Here we investigate the molecular consequences of nine additional ABD-localized, SCA5 missense mutations: V58M, K61E, T62I, K65E, F160C, D255G, T271I, Y272H, and H278R. We show that all of the mutations, similar to L253P, are positioned at or near the interface of the two calponin homology subdomains (CH1 and CH2) comprising the ABD. Using biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the mutant ABD proteins can attain a well-folded state. However, thermal denaturation studies show that all nine mutations are destabilizing, suggesting a structural disruption at the CH1-CH2 interface. Importantly, all nine mutations cause increased actin binding. The mutant actin-binding affinities vary greatly, and none of the nine mutations increase actin-binding affinity as much as L253P. ABD mutations causing high-affinity actin binding, with the notable exception of L253P, appear to be associated with early age of symptom onset. Altogether, the data indicate increased actin-binding affinity is a shared molecular consequence of numerous SCA5 mutations, which has important therapeutic implications.
Functional analysis of the apple fruit microbiome based on shotgun metagenomic sequencing of conventional and organic orchard samples
Authors: Bartuv Rotem , Berihu Maria , Medina Shlomit , Salim Shoshana , Feygenberg Oleg , Faigenboim‐Doron Adi , Zhimo V. Yeka , Abdelfattah Ahmed , Piombo Edoardo , Wisniewski Michael , Freilich Shiri , Droby Samir 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFruits harbour abundant and diverse microbial communities that protect them from post‐harvest pathogens. Identification of functional traits associated with a given microbiota can provide a better understanding of their potential influence. Here, we focused on the epiphytic microbiome of apple fruit. We suggest that shotgun metagenomic data can indicate specific functions carried out by different groups and provide information on their potential impact. Samples were collected from the surface of ‘Golden Delicious’ apples from four orchards that differ in their geographic location and management practice. Approximately 1 million metagenes were predicted based on a high‐quality assembly. Functional profiling of the microbiome of fruits from orchards differing in their management practice revealed a functional shift in the microbiota. The organic orchard microbiome was enriched in pathways involved in plant defence activities; the conventional orchard microbiome was enriched in pathways related to the synthesis of antibiotics. The functional significance of the variations was explored using microbial network modelling algorithms to reveal the metabolic role of specific phylogenetic groups. The analysis identified several associations supported by other published studies. For example, the analysis revealed the nutritional dependencies of the Capnodiales group, including the Alternaria pathogen, on aromatic compounds.