bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PS-C16-4: COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF VARIOUS ANTICOAGULANTS IN COVID-19 INDIAN SUBJECTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: Munganda Hariharan Ranga Satya , Amle Dnyanesh , Ponnaganti Satyanarayana Chowdary , Tirumalsetty Gopalakrishna Murthy , Vvl Aparna Devi 
Published: January 2023

Background:
To assess the efficacy of various anticoagulants being prescribed in the COVID 19 induced hypercoagulability, so as to know optimally effective anticoagulant.

Methods:
This was a Indian observational study conducted in our covid centre at vijayawada,Andhra Pradesh between june 2020 to January 2021 .

Results:
A total of 100 COVID 19 subjects were included. The patients were found to be matched with respect to age, gender, diet and past history of various illnesses. Gender wise more males (60 patients)are affected when compared to females(40 patients). Age group more affected are less than or equal to 50yrs . Comorbidites like Diabetes(67patients),cardiac problems(62patients), dyslipidemia(62patients) were seen. Risk factors like smoking(52patients), alcoholism(50patients) noticed. Almost all subjects are RTPCR positive. IL-6,CRP,LDH high in most subjects. Ferritin and PT/INR are normal in more subjects. Out of 100 patients oxygen is required in 48 subjects and BIPAP/CPAP required in 26 subjects. Death occurred in 24 patients (2 with CVA,22 with myocardial infraction). Mortality rate is more in vegetarians. More patients in our study belongs to CORADS score 4 and 5. D-dimer are increased in 67subjects. IL-6 are increased in 68patients .
Frequency of subjects with raised D-dimer (p = 0.049) and CRP (p = 0.002) levels were found to be benefitted on receiving nattokinase. However, no other parameters such as IL-6 (p = 0.068) ferritin (p = 0.396), ESR (p = 0.278), PT/INR (p = 0.47) LDH (p = 0.34) or CORADS staging achieved such significant association. Also need of interventions such as Oxygen (p = 0.001), BIPAP/CPAP (p < 0.0001) were low in patients on nattokinase. No significant difference was noted in follow up investigations such as PT/INR (p = 0.31) and other markers (D-dimer, IL-6, LDH, CRP) (p = 0.55). No bleeding episodes were reported in subjects on nattokinase. Significant low rate of death was found in subjects who received nattokinase (p < 0.0001) and rivaroxaban (p < 0.0001). Also, significantly higher mortality rate was observed in subjects who required to be put on oxygen (p < 0.0001) as well as BIPAP/CPAP (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Nattokinase simultaneously effects several key favourable benefits for thrombosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia, platelet aggregation, and neuroprotection in patients with COVID 19 infection.
PS-C16-11: PREVALENCE AND HOSPITAL OUTCOME OF BACTERIAL CO-INFECTION IN RESPIRATORY TRACT SPECIMEN AMONG COVID 19 PATIENTS WITH SARS-COV-2 PNEUMONIA
Authors: Soliman Dianne Joy Capuz 
Published: January 2023

Introduction:
COVID-19, a zoonotic disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a highly transmittable pathogenic viral infection, infecting millions of people globally. Guidelines recommendthe use of empiric antimicrobials based on clinical judgment, patient host factors and local epidemiology in patients suspected or confirmed severe COVID-19. However, current evidence does not support a high rate of bacterial respiratory co-infections in patients with SARS-COV-2 infection. At present, there is no known study regarding the prevalence of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19 patients in the Philippines

Methods:
This research is a cross-sectional hospital-based study that utilized hospital electronic and printed medical records, chest radiograph and microbiologic results. All respiratory specimen bacteriologic results for the year 2020 and 2021 were collected from the hospital laboratory unit followed by review of the hospital electronic records, printed medical records and chest radiograph results. Data were analyzed using Two-tailed Z-test for significance test for proportions and Chi-square test.

Results:
Among 100 subjects, only 22% (n = 22) of the subjects were found to have bacterial isolates. the only demographic that is dependent with presence of bacterial infection is gender. The three most common bacterial isolate among COVID confirmed patients are Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 9), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 5), and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 3). Although the most common bacterial isolate is Klebsiella pneumoniae, the most common bacterial co-infection in patients who died are Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 2, 29%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 2, 29%).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of bacterial co-infection among COVID confirmed patients is relatively low, hence appropriate guidelines regarding antibiotic use should be formed taking into consideration local data on antimicrobial resistance.
PS-C16-12: IS ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION A MODIFIER OF CARDIOPULMONARY EXERCISE TEST AND ECHOCARDIOGAPHIC FINDINGS AFTER HOSPITALIZATION FOR SARS-COV-2?
Authors: Kariori Maria , Fragkoulis Christos , Chrysochoou Christina , Konstantinidis Dimitrios , Leontsinis Ioannis , Andrikou Ioannis , Iliakis Panagiotis , Mantzouranis Emmanouil , Konstantinou Konstantinos , Kalos Theodoros , Grigoriou Kalliopi , Thomopoulos Costas , Tsioufis Costas 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
There is little data concerning the impact of arterial hypertension (HTN) on the cardiopulmonary status and right ventricle (RV) function of patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection. The purpose of our study was to investigate whether HTN affects the functional status of hospitalized for SARS-Cov-2 patients, using cardiopulmonary test and echocardiographic parameters, 3 months after the first day of infection.

Design and Method:
Subjects who were hospitalized and survived Covid-19 infection were divided into two groups according to history of HTN. All subjects underwent cardiorespiratory exercise using Bruce or modified Bruce protocol evaluating all parameters. Echocardiographic findings including right ventricle strain were analyzed using an offline program.

Results and Conclusion:
A total population of 52 hospitalized Sars-Cov-2 patients with a mean age of 57 ± 11.5 years were evaluated 3 months after the symptoms onset. Males amounted to 51.9 %. History of coronary artery disease was recorded in 15.4% of them. In hypertensive subjects, age (63 ± 8 vs. 52 ± 11 years, p < 0.001), BMI (29.9 ± 4.6 vs. 27.1 ± 5.8 kg/m2, p:0.03) and BSA (2.1 ± 0.25 vs. 2 ± 0.9 m2, p:0.04) were significantly higher. When analyzing cardiopulmonary test parameters, only maximum systolic blood pressure ((SBP, mmHg), 190 ± 21 vs.171 ± 26, p: 0.02) at peak and during the 1st minute of recovery (180 ± 23 vs. 157 ± 27 mmHg, p: 0.005) were higher comparing to normotensive subjects. Furthermore, diameter of left atrium ((LA, mm), 42 ± 6 vs.38 ± 6 p: 0.009), left ventricle ejection fraction ((LVEF,%), 48 ± 11 vs. 57 ± 6, p:0.004) and the absolute mean value of right ventricle strain ((RVLS, %), 9.1 ± 4 vs. 12.7 ± 5.4, p:0.04) differed significantly between two groups. Using linear regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, HTN, coronary heart disease and LVEF, HTN (p: 0.01) proved to be independent predictive factor for RVLS in hospitalized patients. To conclude our study highlighted negative impact of HTN both in right and left ventricle functionality, implying HTN as a negative independent predictive factor for right ventricle strain in patients hospitalized for SARS-Cov-2.
PS-P01-5: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE RELATED INDICATORS AND PHYSICAL FRAILTY AMONG THE JAPANESE COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: THE NOSE STUDY
Authors: Godai Kayo , Kubo Mio , Kabayama Mai , Wada Arisa , Kido Michiko , Hashimoto Sumiyo , Higashi Makiko , Hatanaka Hiromi , Kikuchi Takeshi , Dodo Takayuki , Tabara Yasuharu , Asayama Kei , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Rakugi Hiromi , Kamide Kei 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the association between blood pressure (BP) related indicators and physical frailty among the Japanese community-dwelling elderly.

Design and method:
The present cross-sectional analysis was based on an ongoing community-based intervention study in Nose, Osaka, which was designed to assess the effect of home BP measurement on prolonging healthy life expectancy. A total of 1153 participants, 420 were aged 63–91 and measured their home BP. Among them, 273 participants were currently available for analysis. Physical frailty was defined as a case either the weak grip strength defined as < 28 kg for males and < 18 kg for females or the slow gait speed defined as < 1 m/s. Participants measured their home BP and pulse rate (PR) with an oscillometric device (HEM-7281; Omron Healthcare CO., Ltd) and wrote the value on the recording book. The value of and variability in home BP and PR were calculated as the average and coefficient of variation (CV) of the measurements, respectively. Office BP was measured at the survey venue using same device, HEM-7281. The associations of BP related indicators with physical frailty were examined using multiple logistic regression models by age group: 63–74, and ≧ 75 years.

Results:
Overall, 195 participants were aged 63–74 years and 78 were aged ≧ 75 years. The percentage of physical frailty in each age group was 10.3% and 30.8%, respectively. Among participants aged 63–74 years, office systolic BP (odds ratio [OR] 0.964, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.932–0.998) and female (OR 5.943, 95% CI 1.524–23.185) were associated with physical frailty. Among participants aged ≧ 75 years, CV of morning PR (OR 1.320, 95% CI 1.003–1.739) and age (OR 1.313, 95% CI 1.085–1.588), but not the BP level, were associated with physical frailty.

Conclusions:
The indicators associated to physical frailty differed depending on the age group. Among the relatively young old group, physical frailty was few with increasing office systolic BP. Among the older group aged ≧ 75 years, variability of PR was associated with physical frailty. There may be the influence of declined autonomic nervous function by aging or reduced muscle mass.
PS-P01-9: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLOOD PRESSURE AND FRAILTY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ANY CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK FACTORS
Authors: Ishikawa Joji , Toba Ayumi , Tamura Yoshiaki , Araki Atsushi , Harada Kazumasa 
Published: January 2023

Background:
High blood pressure in mid-life was associated with frailty in elderly patients; however, frail patients have reduced quality of life (QOL) causing blood pressure decline. We thought to evaluated relationship between the blood pressure and frailty.

Methods:
We registered 691 elderly patients who had any cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure) between Sep. 2015 and April 2022, and follow up for 1 year (N = 363). Clinic blood pressure (CBP) was taken twice in a seated position, using semi-automatic upper arm device, without doctors or nurses present. Frailty was evaluated using modified Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study score (J-CHS) that included appendicular skeletal muscle index, hand grip strength, and walk speed, and Kihon check list (KCL) that included QOL associated with frailty.

Results:
Mean age was 79.2 ± 6.3 years (male 35.6%). There were 30.4 % of patients with frailty by J-CHS criteria and 38.0 % by KCL criteria. In the multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis, frailty by J-CHS criteria was significantly associated with lower clinic DBP (OR = 0.901 per 5 mmHg increase, 95%CI, 0.829–0.978, P = 0.013); frailty by KCL criteria was with lower clinic SBP (OR = 0.843 per 10 mmHg increase, 95%CI 0.761–0.933, P = 0.001). In patients with antihypertensive medication, frailty with KCL was associated with clinic SBP (OR = 0.815 per 10 mmHg increase, 95%CI 0.703–0.944, P = 0.006). In frail patients by J-CHS criteria at baseline, low clinic DBP at baseline (OR = 0.937 per 1 mmHg increase, 95%CI 0.883–0.994, P = 0.031) and change in clinic DBP (OR = 0.921 per 1 mmHg change, 95%CI 0.861–0.986, P = 0.018) were associated with sustained frailty at 1 year later. In patients with preserved walk speed (> 1.0m/sec) at baseline, change in clinic DBP was associated with development of reduced walk speed (< 1.0m/s) at 1 year later (OR = 0.945, 95%CI 0.893–0.999, P = 0.046).

Conclusion:
Frailty was associated with lower clinic systolic or diastolic blood pressure, and change in clinic DBP in elderly patients with cardiometabolic risk factors.
PS-P02-2: EFFECT OF A STRUCTURED TRAINING PROGRAM ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS
Authors: Patil Mansi , Patil Vishal 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hypertension awareness among healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding lifestyle modification is still low. According to research, the best method to solve this problem is to sensitize and train HCPs regarding the different modalities of lifestyle management. This study aims to see how a structured training program aimed at HCPs is effective in improving knowledge of hypertension in the advice of lifestyle changes to their patients.

Design and Methods:
The sample size (n = 30) HCPs was determined using a quasi-experimental method. The Hypertension Knowledge-Level Scale (HK-LS), a modified structured questionnaire from the World Health Organization (WHO), was used to assess understanding of hypertension, knowledge of lifestyle modification, and practice. A 7-module, 12-week online course was delivered to the HCPs and a pre-test and post-test was administered to assess the change in knowledge regarding the awareness of lifestyle modifications.

Results:
The result showed that the t-test of the pre-knowledge about hypertension among HCPs differed significantly from post-knowledge after intervention (t = 4.90, p = 0.001). In addition, there is a significantly different between the pre and post-knowledge levels about lifestyle modification after intervention (t = 3.62, p = 0.001). A significant difference was also observed between the pre and post their advice of lifestyle modification to their patient after intervention (t = 3.56, p = 0.001).

Conclusions:
The health care providers, especially the allied healthcare professionals must be trained in a structured way to improve their knowledge of lifestyle modification specifically in hypertension as part of the primary prevention of hypertension.
PS-P03-1: THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SHORT EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS ON PROPER HOME BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING KNOWLEDGE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Rashid Aneesa Abdul , Thew Hui Zhu , Zakaria Zulaikha , Faizal Muhammad Shafirul Daniel Mohd , Choo Zhi Cheng 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Hypertension is a major global public health problem. It is often poorly controlled leading to many health complications. The use of home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an effective tool for assisting clinicians in diagnosing and managing patients with hypertension. HBPM has been proven to improve BP levels for at least twelve months when used in conjunction with co-inventions such as educational interventions or support from health care. Around 15% of those with hypertension are young adults; aged between 18–39 years. Developing hypertension at a young age puts this group at risk of earlier onset cardiovascular events. Challenges in treating hypertension in young adults include the perception that it is a disorder for older people; lack of health education; shortage of suitable educational materials; and limited health resources. Short videos are one of the ways to address this problem. Hence, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of short videos on knowledge of HBPM among medical students.

Design and method:
This is a pre-post interventional pilot study. It was done among 13 first year medical students in the Universiti Putra Malaysia from January to April 2022. The students were given a two-part online questionnaire on HBPM pre and immediately post intervention. The questionnaire was adapted from the Malaysian clinical practice guidelines on the management of hypertension and content validation was done by a panel of experts. It consisted of 20 questions, with one point for each correct answer. A higher score indicates better knowledge. The intervention consists of three short 1 minute videos on (1) things to avoid before taking blood pressure, (2) how to take proper HBPM and (3) how to take proper BP.

Results:
Thirteen students took part in the study. Most of the respondents were female n = 10, 76.9% and Malay ethnicity n = 12, 92.%, and mostly family income of <RM2000 (approximately USD 460); n = 6,46.2%. There were 30.8% that practised monitoring their own BP and 69.2% assist family members in monitoring their BP. There was a significant increase in the mean knowledge score pre-test, and post-test which was 10.85 (+3.63), and 16.15 (±2.27) respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
We found our short educational videos were effective in increasing knowledge of HBPM among first year medical students. This has great potential as an intervention for not only health sciences students but those with a different educational background, and later on to the public.
PS-P03-2: RACIAL AND ETHNIC DISPARITIES IN HYPERTENSION CONTROL IN AN INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE UNITED STATES, 2008–2019
Authors: Reynolds Kristi , Harrison Teresa N , Zhou Hui , Wei Rong , Brettler Jeffrey , Su Angeline L Ong , An Jaejin , Sanders Mark , Muntner Paul 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
To determine whether racial/ethnic disparities in control of hypertension changed from 2008 through 2019 within a large and diverse integrated healthcare system that implemented a series of health care delivery changes in 2011 to address disparities in hypertension control.

Design and method:
We evaluated hypertension control, defined as systolic BP < 140 mmHg and diastolic BP < 90 mmHg, among adults age 18 years and older with diagnosed hypertension identified from a clinical hypertension registry, stratified by race/ethnicity (self-reported as non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, or Asian or Pacific Islander (API)) from 2008–2019.

Results:
Between 2008 and 2019, the population with hypertension increased from 624,094 to 855,257. Mean age was 61.8 years in 2008 and increased to 64.5 years in 2019; ∼52% of the population in each year was female. The proportion of NHW and NHB adults decreased during this period from 45.4% to 38.8% and 14.3% to 12.5%, respectively, while the proportion of API and Hispanic adults increased from 9.8% to 12.6% and 25.2% to 33.0%, respectively. The overall age-adjusted estimated proportion with controlled hypertension increased from 2008 to 2013 from 74.3% (95% CI, 74.1%-74.6%) to 83.0% (95% CI, 82.8%-83.2%) and then decreased from 2014 to 2019 from 81.1% (95% CI, 80.9%-81.3%) to 79.3% (95% CI, 79.1%-79.4%). This trend was present in men and women across all races/ethnicities (Figure). In each year, API adults had the highest and NHB adults had the lowest age-adjusted estimated proportion with controlled hypertension. The disparity in controlled hypertension between NHW and NHB women was 5.7% (p < .001) in 2008 and decreased to 1.6% (p < .001) in 2015 and increased to 2.7% (p < .001) by 2019. In 2008, the disparity in controlled hypertension between NHW and NHB men was 7.1% (p < .001) and decreased to 2.8% (p < .001) in 2016 and increased to 3.7% (p < .001) by 2019. In 2019, NHB adults were more likely to have uncontrolled hypertension compared with NHW adults (multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.12–1.14]).

Conclusions:
While disparities in hypertension control have narrowed between NHB and NHW adults in this integrated healthcare system, differences persist. Understanding these differences can help identify continued unmet needs and guide more equitable health care to reduce the burden of hypertension-related cardiovascular disease.
PS-P04-1: RISK FACTOR PROFILE AND LACK OF TREATMENT INTENSIFICATION AS A MAIN FACTOR OF INCREASED STROKE MORTALITY IN BULGARIA
Authors: Postadzhiyan Arman , Yotov Yoto , Tisheva Snezana , Nikolov Fedya , Ramshev Konstantin , Grouev Ivan 
Published: January 2023

Objective:
Bulgaria is one of the leading countries in terms of premature mortality due to stroke with 6406,4 years of life lost per 100000 (95% CI 5211,7 to 7763,4) according to the data from Global Burden of Disease for 2019. In the same year The May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative was implemented in the country aiming to raise hypertension awareness and control. The aim of the study was to identify whether national-level MMM hypertension parameters are associated with national stroke mortality statistics.

Design and method:
Three BP readings and self-reported demographic, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors were collected from 3678 participants during MMM2019 campaign. National stroke mortality statistics and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Hypertension was defined as a raised BP (systolic BP > 140 mmHg or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg based on the mean of the second and third readings), or on antihypertensive medication. Logistic and linear regression were applied, respectively, to the association between hypertension and stroke and between national-level GBD stroke mortality with MMM proportions with raised, treated and uncontrolled BP.

Results:
Overall we notice a relatively high proportion of participants with a previous stroke 237 (6.4%). Stroke survivors were older (69 vs 58,1, p < 0.001), with higher levels of systolic BP (139,4 vs 134,9 mmHg), but lower diastolic BP (80,2 vs 82,5 mmHg) and significantly more frequent concomitant coronary and peripheral arterial diseases, diabetes or heart failure (p < 0.001 for all). The proportion with previous atrial fibrillation was also higher among previous stroke patients 13,9 vs 5,6%. Stroke mortality increased, on average, by 680 per 100,000 per 1% increase in the proportion of individuals with raised BP (p = 0.006) and by 909 per 100,000 per 1% increase in proportion with treated but uncontrolled BP (p = 0.012). The corresponding years of life lost due to ischemic stroke were 736 (p = 0.015) and 172 per 100000 (p = 0.0005) due to hemorrhagic stroke per 1% increase in proportion with suboptimally treated BP.

Conclusions:
There was a significant association between national stroke mortality from GBD and the proportions of participants with raised BP and of hypertensives treated but uncontrolled in MMM. This suggests that despite lacking a population-based design, estimates from MMM broadly reflect rates of downstream mortality and that opportunistic screening can be an effective means not only of screening for hypertension, but of improving control of the patients already treated. The data presented gives rational for using estimates to inform policy and to start national campaign in order to change the existing tendencies.