bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Robust Multivariate Time Series Analysis in Nonlinear Regression Models with Vector Autoregressive and t-Distributed Errors
Authors: Dorndorf Alexander , Kargoll Boris , Paffenholz Jens-André , Alkhatib Hamza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractGeodetic measurements rely on high-resolution sensors, but produce data sets with many observations which may contain outliers and correlated deviations. This paper proposes a powerful solution using Bayesian inference. The observed data is modeled as a multivariate time series with a stationary autoregressive (VAR) process and multivariate t-distribution for white noise. Bayes’ theorem integrates prior knowledge. Parameters, including functional, VAR coefficients, scaling, and degree of freedom of the t-distribution, are estimated with Markov Chain Monte Carlo using a Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm.
Kapitel 6. Mobilität
Authors: Frey Harald , Brezina Tadej , Emberger Günter 
Published: September 2023

ZusammenfassungDie Pkw-Nutzung, gemessen in durchschnittlicher zurückgelegter Tagesentfernungen, sowie der Motorisierungsgrad (Pkw/1000 Einwohner_innen) nehmen in ruralen und suburbanen Regionen weiter zu. Trendverlangsamungen bzw. Trendumkehren sind nur in einigen Landeshauptstädten feststellbar. (hohe Übereinstimmung, starke Literaturbasis)Der Verkehrssektor verursacht als einziger Sektor noch immer steigende Treibhausgasemissionen. (hohe Übereinstimmung, starke Literaturbasis)Technische, die Effizienz erhöhende Maßnahmen, wie zum Beispiel der Umstieg auf E-Mobilität oder alternative Treibstoffe, reichen nicht aus, um die Klimaziele im Verkehrssektor zu erreichen. (hohe Übereinstimmung, starke Literaturbasis)Das Verhalten der Verkehrsteilnehmer_innen wird maßgeblich von den bereitgestellten Strukturen (Infrastrukturen, ordnungspolitischen und monetären Strukturen) beeinflusst. (hohe Übereinstimmung, starke Literaturbasis)Das Verkehrsverhalten beeinflussende Maßnahmen, wie die Einführung von Kostenwahrheit für alle Verkehrsträger, Infrastrukturumgestaltung für den Umweltverbund zulasten des Autoverkehrs, Tempolimits, flächendeckende Parkraumbewirtschaftung etc., sind für eine flächendeckende Trendumkehr bezüglich Treibhausgasemissionen notwendig. (hohe Übereinstimmung, starke Literaturbasis)Eine zielgerichtete Planung, Beschluss, Umsetzung und Monitoring nachweislich effizienzgeprüfter Maßnahmen auf allen Verwaltungsebene (EU, Bund, Länder und Gemeinden) ist Voraussetzung für eine Dekarbonisierung der Mobilität. (hohe Übereinstimmung, starke Literaturbasis)
State dependence of Krylov complexity in 2d CFTs
Authors: Kundu Arnab , Malvimat Vinay , Sinha Ritam 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We compute the Krylov Complexity of a light operator $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
L in an eigenstate of a 2d CFT at large central charge c. The eigenstate corresponds to a primary operator $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
H under the state-operator correspondence. We observe that the behaviour of K-complexity is different (either bounded or exponential) depending on whether the scaling dimension of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
H is below or above the critical dimension hH = c/24, marked by the 1st order Hawking-Page phase transition point in the dual AdS3 geometry. Based on this feature, we hypothesize that the notions of operator growth and K-complexity for primary operators in 2d CFTs are closely related to the underlying entanglement structure of the state in which they are computed, thereby demonstrating explicitly their state-dependent nature. To provide further evidence for our hypothesis, we perform an analogous computation of K-complexity in a model of free massless scalar field theory in 2d, and in the integrable 2d Ising CFT, where there is no such transition in the spectrum of states.
Exploring β-symmetry in heterotic theory at order α′ with boundary term
Authors: Garousi Mohammad R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This paper investigates the β-symmetry of the heterotic string theory at order α′ in the context of open spacetime manifolds. Our analysis reveals that the parity-odd component of the effective action at this order remains invariant under β-transformations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the corresponding β-transformations leave the Gibbons-Hawking boundary term invariant.
Taming new physics in b → cūd(s) with τ(B+)/τ(Bd) and $$ {a}_{sl}^d $$
Authors: Lenz Alexander , Müller Jakob , Piscopo Maria Laura , Rusov Aleksey V. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Inspired by the recently observed tensions between the experimental data and the theoretical predictions, based on QCD factorisation, for several colour-allowed non-leptonic B-meson decays, we study the potential size of new physics (NP) effects in the decay channels b → cūd(s). Starting from the most general effective Hamiltonian describing the b → cūd(s) transitions, we compute NP contributions to the theoretical predictions of B-meson lifetime and of B-mixing observables. The well-known lifetime ratio τ(B+)/τ(Bd) and the experimental bound on the semi-leptonic CP asymmetry $$ {a}_{sl}^d $$

a
sl
d

, provide strong, complementary constraints on some of the NP Wilson coefficients.
Complexity, scaling, and a phase transition
Authors: Yang Jiayue , Frey Andrew R. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We investigate the holographic complexity of CFTs compactified on a circle with a Wilson line, dual to magnetized solitons in AdS4 and AdS5. These theories have a confinement-deconfinement phase transition as a function of the Wilson line, and the complexity of formation acts as an order parameter for this transition. Through explicit calculation, we show that proposed complexity functionals based on volume and action obey a scaling relation with radius of the circle and further prove that a broad family of potential complexity functionals obeys this scaling behavior. As a result, we conjecture that the scaling law applies to the complexity of conformal field theories on a circle in more general circumstances.
Human myofibroblasts increase the arrhythmogenic potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: Johnson Robert D. , Lei Ming , McVey John H. , Camelliti Patrizia 
Published: September 2023

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have the potential to remuscularize infarcted hearts but their arrhythmogenicity remains an obstacle to safe transplantation. Myofibroblasts are the predominant cell-type in the infarcted myocardium but their impact on transplanted hiPSC-CMs remains poorly defined. Here, we investigate the effect of myofibroblasts on hiPSC-CMs electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling using optical mapping of advanced human cell coculture systems mimicking cell–cell interaction modalities. Human myofibroblasts altered the electrophysiology and Ca2+ handling of hiPSC-CMs and downregulated mRNAs encoding voltage channels (KV4.3, KV11.1 and Kir6.2) and SERCA2a calcium pump. Interleukin-6 was elevated in the presence of myofibroblasts and direct stimulation of hiPSC-CMs with exogenous interleukin-6 recapitulated the paracrine effects of myofibroblasts. Blocking interleukin-6 reduced the effects of myofibroblasts only in the absence of physical contact between cell-types. Myofibroblast-specific connexin43 knockdown reduced functional changes in contact cocultures only when combined with interleukin-6 blockade. This provides the first in-depth investigation into how human myofibroblasts modulate hiPSC-CMs function, identifying interleukin-6 and connexin43 as paracrine- and contact-mediators respectively, and highlighting their potential as targets for reducing arrhythmic risk in cardiac cell therapy.
The metabolic response of human trophoblasts derived from term placentas to metformin
Authors: Tarry-Adkins Jane L. , Robinson India G. , Pantaleão Lucas C. , Armstrong Jenna L. , Thackray Benjamin D. , Holzner Lorenz M. W. , Knapton Alice E. , Virtue Sam , Jenkins Benjamin , Koulman Albert , Murray Andrew J. , Ozanne Susan E. , Aiken Catherine E. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Metformin is increasingly used therapeutically during pregnancy worldwide, particularly in the treatment of gestational diabetes, which affects a substantial proportion of pregnant women globally. However, the impact on placental metabolism remains unclear. In view of the association between metformin use in pregnancy and decreased birthweight, it is essential to understand how metformin modulates the bioenergetic and anabolic functions of the placenta.

Methods
A cohort of 55 placentas delivered by elective Caesarean section at term was collected from consenting participants. Trophoblasts were isolated from the placental samples and treated in vitro with clinically relevant doses of metformin (0.01 mmol/l or 0.1 mmol/l) or vehicle. Respiratory function was assayed using high-resolution respirometry to measure oxygen concentration and calculated $${\dot{V}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O

2

. Glycolytic rate and glycolytic stress assays were performed using Agilent Seahorse XF assays. Fatty acid uptake and oxidation measurements were conducted using radioisotope-labelled assays. Lipidomic analysis was conducted using LC-MS. Gene expression and protein analysis were performed using RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively.

Results
Complex I-supported oxidative phosphorylation was lower in metformin-treated trophoblasts (0.01 mmol/l metformin, 61.7% of control, p<0.05; 0.1 mmol/l metformin, 43.1% of control, p<0.001). The proton efflux rate arising from glycolysis under physiological conditions was increased following metformin treatment, up to 23±5% above control conditions following treatment with 0.1 mmol/l metformin (p<0.01). There was a significant increase in triglyceride concentrations in trophoblasts treated with 0.1 mmol/l metformin (p<0.05), particularly those of esters of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Fatty acid oxidation was reduced by ~50% in trophoblasts treated with 0.1 mmol/l metformin compared with controls (p<0.001), with no difference in uptake between treatment groups.

Conclusions/interpretation
In primary trophoblasts derived from term placentas metformin treatment caused a reduction in oxidative phosphorylation through partial inactivation of complex I and potentially by other mechanisms. Metformin-treated trophoblasts accumulate lipids, particularly long- and very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Our findings raise clinically important questions about the balance of risk of metformin use during pregnancy, particularly in situations where the benefits are not clear-cut and alternative therapies are available.

Graphical Abstract
School learning modes during the COVID-19 response and pre- to during pandemic mental health changes in a prospective cohort of Canadian adolescents
Authors: Patte Karen A. , Battista Katelyn , Ferro Mark A. , Bélanger Richard E. , Wade Terrance J. , Faulkner Guy , Pickett William , Riazi Negin A. , Michaelson Valerie , Carsley Sarah , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractPurposeConsiderable debate centered on the impact of school closures and shifts to virtual learning on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated whether mental health changes differed by school learning modes during the pandemic response among Canadian adolescents and whether associations varied by gender and perceived home life.MethodsWe used prospective survey data from 7270 adolescents attending 41 Canadian secondary schools. Conditional change linear mixed effects models were used to examine learning mode (virtual optional, virtual mandated, in-person, and blended) as a predictor of change in mental health scores (depression [Centre for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression], anxiety [Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7], and psychosocial well-being [Flourishing scale]), adjusting for baseline mental health and covariates. Gender and home life happiness were tested as moderators. Least square means were calculated across interaction groups.ResultsStudents learning in a blended learning mode had greater anxiety increases relative to their peers in other learning modes. Females learning fully in-person and males learning virtually when optional reported less of an increase in depression scores relative to their gender counterparts in other learning modes. Learning virtually when optional was associated with greater declines in psychosocial well-being in students without happy home lives relative to other learning modes.ConclusionFindings demonstrate the importance of considering gender and home environments as determinants of mental health over the pandemic response and when considering alternative learning modes. Further research is advised before implementing virtual and blended learning modes. Potential risks and benefits must be weighed in the context of a pandemic.
Trajectories of COVID-19 pandemic-related depressive symptoms and potential predictors: the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Li Ru , Karukivi Max , Lindblom Jallu , Korja Riikka , Karlsson Linnea , Karlsson Hasse , Nolvi Saara 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health problems have been reported, and parents of young children may be more vulnerable to psychological distress due to increased caregiving responsibilities. However, research on the heterogeneity of the longitudinal course of psychological symptoms during the pandemic and the predispositions linked with these courses is still scarce. This study aimed to identify differential trajectories of depressive symptoms among the parents of young children and investigate the role of temperament traits, alexithymia, and coping styles in the heterogeneity of the symptom trajectories.

Methods
The sample consists of 844 parents from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Latent growth mixture modeling was utilized to identify trajectories of depressive symptoms from pre-pandemic between 2014 and 2019 (T0, the closest available measurement was used) to May/June 2020 (T1) and December 2020 (T2) during the pandemic. Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine temperament, alexithymia, and coping as predictors of symptom trajectories, controlling for various background factors.

Results
Four trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified. Most parents experienced low and stable depressive symptoms. Negative affect, effortful control, alexithymia, emotion-diverting coping (self-distraction and venting), and avoidant coping (denial and behavioral disengagement) were predictors for subclinical stable depressive symptoms. Constructive coping (positive reframing, acceptance, and humor) protected the cohort parents from increasing or moderately high depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
The findings have implications for identifying vulnerable individuals with specific traits and strengthening of constructive coping strategies as possible foci in interventions for depression during global crises.
Artificial intelligence–built analysis framework for the manufacturing sector: performance optimization of wire electric discharge machining system
Authors: Ishfaq Kashif , Sana Muhammad , Ashraf Waqar Muhammad 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the era of industry 4.0, digitalization and smart operation of industrial systems contribute to higher productivity, improved quality, and efficient resource utilization for industrial operations and processes. However, artificial intelligence (AI)–based modelling and optimization analysis following a generic analysis framework is lacking in literature for the manufacturing sector thereby impeding the inclusion of AI for its potential application's domain. Herein, a comprehensive and generic analysis framework is presented depicting the key stages involved for carrying out the AI-based modelling and optimization analysis for the manufacturing system. The suggested AI framework is put into practice on wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) system, and the cutting speed of WEDM is adjusted for the stainless cladding steel material. Artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM) are three AI modelling techniques that are trained with meticulous hyperparameter tuning. A better-performing model is chosen once the trained AI models have undergone the external validation test to investigate their prediction performance. The sensitivity analysis on the developed AI model is performed and it is found that pulse on time (Pon) is the noteworthy factor affecting the cutting speed of WEDM having the percentage significance value of 26.6 followed by the Dw and LTSS, with the percentage significance value of 17.3 and 16.7 respectively. The parametric optimization incorporating the AI model is conducted and the results pertain to the cutting speed are 27.3% higher than the maximum value of cutting speed achieved for WEDM. The cutting speed performance optimization is realized following the proposed AI-based analysis framework that can be applied, in general, to other manufacturing systems therefore unlocking the potential of AI to contribute to industry 4.0 for the smart operation of manufacturing systems.
Green functions and smooth distances
Authors: Feneuil Joseph , Li Linhan , Mayboroda Svitlana 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the present paper, we show that for an optimal class of elliptic operators with non-smooth coefficients on a 1-sided Chord-Arc domain, the boundary of the domain is uniformly rectifiable if and only if the Green function G behaves like a distance function to the boundary, in the sense that $$\left| \frac{\nabla G(X)}{G(X)}-\frac{\nabla D(X)}{D(X)}\right| ^2D(X) dX$$

∇
G
(
X
)

G
(
X
)

-

∇
D
(
X
)

D
(
X
)

2

D

(
X
)

d
X

is the density of a Carleson measure, where D is a regularized distance adapted to the boundary of the domain. The main ingredient in our proof is a corona decomposition that is compatible with Tolsa’s $$\alpha $$
α
-number of uniformly rectifiable sets. We believe that the method can be applied to many other problems at the intersection of PDE and geometric measure theory, and in particular, we are able to derive a generalization of the classical F. and M. Riesz theorem to the same class of elliptic operators as above.
Prevalence, trends, and individual patterns of long-term antidepressant medication use in the adult Swiss general population
Authors: Amrein Melanie A. , Hengartner Michael P. , Näpflin Markus , Farcher Renato , Huber Carola A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Antidepressant use has increased in many European countries, mostly driven by longer treatment duration. The aim of this study was to provide prevalence rates of long-term users of antidepressants for the Swiss population over the last decade and to investigate associated factors for longer use.

Methods
We examined the prevalence rates of individuals with at least one prescription for antidepressants using longitudinal health claims data for 2013 to 2021. We defined short- (< one year), medium- (one–two years), and long-term users (> two years) for 2015 to 2019. We applied a binary logistic regression model to investigate the effects of population (gender, age, area of living, language, health insurance plan, and nursing home) and treatment characteristics (psychiatric or psychotherapeutic care) on long-term compared to short- and medium-term users in 2019.

Results
In 2021, 9% of the Swiss population (n = 770,698) received at least one antidepressant prescription, which remained stable since 2013. In 2019, the proportion of long-term users was 57.4%, with steady increase since 2015. The proportion of medium- and short-term users has decreased. Older age, being a woman, living in an urban area, living in a nursing home, being enrolled in a standard care plan, and receiving psychiatric or psychotherapeutic care were factors positively associated with being a long-term user.

Conclusion
The proportion of long-term users in Switzerland is high and steadily increasing. Given the ongoing debate about the confounding effects of relapse and withdrawal, more research is needed to investigate longer use of antidepressants that could indicate overprescribing.
PD-L1-expressing cancer-associated fibroblasts induce tumor immunosuppression and contribute to poor clinical outcome in esophageal cancer
Authors: Kawasaki Kento , Noma Kazuhiro , Kato Takuya , Ohara Toshiaki , Tanabe Shunsuke , Takeda Yasushige , Matsumoto Hijiri , Nishimura Seitaro , Kunitomo Tomoyoshi , Akai Masaaki , Kobayashi Teruki , Nishiwaki Noriyuki , Kashima Hajime , Maeda Naoaki , Kikuchi Satoru , Tazawa Hiroshi , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis plays a crucial role in tumor immunosuppression, while the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have various tumor-promoting functions. To determine the advantage of immunotherapy, the relationship between the cancer cells and the CAFs was evaluated in terms of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Overall, 140 cases of esophageal cancer underwent an immunohistochemical analysis of the PD-L1 expression and its association with the expression of the α smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activation protein, CD8, and forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) positive cells. The relationship between the cancer cells and the CAFs was evaluated in vitro, and the effect of the anti-PD-L1 antibody was evaluated using a syngeneic mouse model. A survival analysis showed that the PD-L1+ CAF group had worse survival than the PD-L1- group. In vitro and in vivo, direct interaction between the cancer cells and the CAFs showed a mutually upregulated PD-L1 expression. In vivo, the anti-PD-L1 antibody increased the number of dead CAFs and cancer cells, resulting in increased CD8+ T cells and decreased FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. We demonstrated that the PD-L1-expressing CAFs lead to poor outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer. The cancer cells and the CAFs mutually enhanced the PD-L1 expression and induced tumor immunosuppression. Therefore, the PD-L1-expressing CAFs may be good targets for cancer therapy, inhibiting tumor progression and improving host tumor immunity.