bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sites of Synthesis of Serum Proteins
Authors: Stecher V. J. , Thorbecke G. J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The medium requirements for the maintenance of serum protein formation by rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro were investigated. Macrophages from both species showed much higher levels of β1C and transferrin synthesis after a 48- or 72-hr incubation in a medium containing 20% as opposed to 1% newborn calf serum.
This requirement for serum in the medium could be satisfied by addition of hydrocortisone (0.1 to 0.2 µg/ml) to synthetic medium (minimal Eagle's medium (MEM)) in the case of rat but not with mouse macrophages. In the absence of serum protein, higher cortisol concentrations (1 µg/ml) did not maintain serum protein formation by rat macrophages. If, however, bovine serum albumin (5 mg/ml) was added to the MEM, concentrations of cortisol as high as 5 µg/ml were effective in supplementing the basic medium. A “buffering” capacity of serum albumin with respect to the effect of cortisol on macrophages is suggested by these findings.
Interaction of Rickettsiae and Phagocytic Host Cells
Authors: Wisseman C. L. , Fiset Paul , Ormsbee R. A. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Non-viable Coxiella burneti in Phase 2 is highly susceptible to phagocytosis in vitro by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in isologous serum derived from non-immune subjects. In the same non-immune system, non-viable C. burneti in Phase 1 is significantly more resistant to phagocytosis. Phagocytosis of Phase 1, but not Phase 2, C. burneti, is markedly enhanced by serum derived from human subjects convalescent from clinical Q fever. A soluble dimethylsulfoxide extract of Phase 1 C. burneti, containing Phase 1 antigen, neutralizes the opsonic action of convalescent serum.
An Antigenic Determinant of Human γG-Globulin Susceptible to Papain Digestion
Authors: Henney Christopher S. , Ishizaka Kimishige 
Published: January 2023

Summary
An antigenic determinant in human γG-globulin (HGG) is described which is susceptible to papain digestion. Both γ1- and γ2-antibodies against this determinant are readily shown in guinea pigs which have been rendered tolerant to papain digested HGG and immunized with the intact HGG molecule. Normal guinea pigs immunized solely with HGG, however, also possess antibodies against this determinant, but to a less marked degree.
The determinant is specific for the γ-type of heavy chain of human γG-globulin. γG-globulin preparations from a number of other species; human γA- and γM-immunoglobulins; Bence-Jones proteins types K and L and light chain preparations from normal human γG-globulin, all lack the antigenic determinant. It was present in all of the γG-myeloma proteins tested, however, including representatives of the γG1-, γG2-, γG3- and γG4-subclasses and was also found in isolated γ-chain preparations from normal γG-globulin.
The determinant is destroyed by papain and pepsin digestion, and evidence is presented to indicate that the site is essentially composed of secondary and tertiary structural forces.
Cytotoxic Antibodies in Rabbit Anti-Leukocyte Serum: Relation to Suppression of Transferred Lymph Node Cells
Authors: Harris Susanna , Ogburn Clifton A. , Harris T. N. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Cytotoxic antibodies have been measured in rabbit antisera vs. rabbit leukocytes. These antibodies could be absorbed from anti-leukocyte sera by whole lymph node cells or by antigen-bearing cell membrane fragments and could be neutralized by butanol-solubilized preparations of rabbit histocompatibility antigens.
Such antibodies have been found in sera of individual rabbits twice injected with rabbit leukocytes or with the soluble histocompatibility antigens prepared from spleens and lymph nodes of rabbits. On the other hand, in antisera to soluble histocompatibility antigens from rabbit liver and in primary anti-leukocyte sera, cytotoxic antibodies could not be detected. This was in marked contrast to the levels in the same antisera of the antibody causing reduction in the number of rabbit lymph node cells which could produce hemolytic antibody plaques in vitro. The two antibody effects were also found in different concentrations in individual anti-leukocyte sera tested vs. cells of individual rabbits, and in chromatographic fractions of anti-leukocyte globulin.
In experiments designed to determine the relation of the two antibodies to the antibody causing suppression of rabbit lymph node cells transferred to recipient animals, antisera of the classes referred to were tested in all three systems vs. the same suspensions of lymph node cells. Close correlation was found between the degrees of plaque reduction and cell-transfer suppression in these antisera, but not between the cytotoxic and suppressive levels.
Reactions of Newcastle Disease Virus with Infectious Mononucleosis Sera in Agar Gel
Authors: Barron Almen L. , Friedman Arthur , Milgrom Felix 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A gel diffusion test with infectious mononucleosis (IM) sera and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is described. IM serum diffusing against concentrated virus preparation was found to form a distinct reaction line. Lines formed by various IM sera merged in reactions of complete identity. Positive results were obtained with the VIC strain of NDV but not with the B1 strain of NDV or with other myxoviruses. Of 65 IM sera, 43 were positive in gel diffusion tests but only 2 of 125 non-IM sera gave positive results in this test. IM serum diffusing simultaneously against NDV and bovine erythrocyte stromata added to opposite wells formed reaction lines which crossed, pointing to complete nonidentity of the antigens and antibodies participating in the test with NDV and in the heterophile test. The immunizing stimuli which are possibly responsible for the formation of heterophile antibodies and antibodies combining with NDV are discussed. The data suggest that the gel diffusion test would be of value for diagnostic purposes.
Two Serologically Distinguishable Subclasses of µ-Chains of Human Macroglobulins
Authors: Franklin Edward C. , Frangione Blas 
Published: January 2023

Summary
One of 16 antisera to pathologic macroglobulins detected serologic differences between them, thus permitting their division into at least two subclasses. Approximately one-third of 40 proteins reacted with this antiserum after it was absorbed with an antigenically deficient protein. The unique determinants were located on the heavy (µ)-chains. Though able to inhibit precipitation of reactive proteins, neither the heavy chains nor the 7 to 8 S monomers from reactive proteins were able to precipitate the absorbed antiserum.
A New Serum Factor in Normal Rabbits
Authors: Mandy William J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Additional evidence for a naturally occurring serum factor, homoreactant (HR), originally shown to be reactive with Fab fragments of homologous γG-globulin, was extended by demonstrations of similar reactivity with (Fab′)2 and Fab′ fragments.
The reactions were provided by agglutinations and agglutination-inhibitions of human O Rh (+) erythrocytes sensitized with the fragments of pepsin digested rabbit anti-HEA antibody. Reduction and alkylation of the (Fab′)2 fragments did not affect its reactivity with HR.
Evidence for the presence of more than one naturally occurring serum factor was provided by cross-adsorption and cross-inhibition experiments. Normal rabbit serum or its corresponding γG-globulin fraction was shown to react specifically with Fab or with Fab′ fragments of homologous γG-globulins. Thus another criterion, namely specificity, was demonstrated for this naturally occurring serum antibody. As a corollary to HR specificity, the results support the concept that papain and pepsin cleave the γG-globulin molecules at different regions of the H-chains by revealing the first antigenic difference between the Fab and Fab′ fragments.
That Fab′ fragments could be converted to Fab fragments by subsequent digestions with papain was demonstrated by 1) the loss of Fab′ HR specificity with the concomitant exposure of the Fab HR specific site and 2) the release of 4 to 5 peptides.
Antibody-Forming Cells in the Pronephros of the Teleost Lepomis Macrochirus
Authors: Smith A. Mason , Potter Michael , Merchant E. Bruce 
Published: January 2023

Summary
Using a modification of the hemolytic plaque technique cells producing hemolytic antibody in L. macrochirus (bluegill) have been recovered from two organs, the spleen and the pronephros. The pronephros contained larger numbers of antibody-releasing cells, a finding which correlated with its more prominent lympho-reticular morphology. Marked similarities between the pronephric cellular architecture and that of mammalian lymph nodes suggest a common involvement in filtration of tissue fluids as well as in antibody formation. As such, the teleost pronephros may represent a primitive prototype of the more advanced mammalian lymph node.
Radioimmunodiffusion Inhibition Test for Detection of Blocking Autoantibody to Intrinsic Factor
Authors: Goldberg Leonard S. , Samloff I. Michael , Barnett Eugene V. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
A radioimmunodiffusion inhibition test (RidIh) for the detection of blocking antibody to intrinsic factor is described. The test is based on the competition between blocking antibody and vitamin B12 for the B12-binding site of intrinsic factor. The RidIh appeared to be as sensitive as the charcoal assay in detecting blocking antibody. The introduction of the RidIh, together with the previously described radioimmunodiffusion test, offers an opportunity to test for both blocking and binding antibodies to intrinsic factor on the same slide.
Studies on the Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity Phenomena
Authors: Levy David A. , Osler Abraham G. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
An in vitro procedure has been described which utilizes the release of histamine from human leukocytes for assays of reaginic activity in human sera. The method involves incubation of leukocytes from nonallergic donors with serum of ragweed-sensitive individuals. Heparin and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid are included in the sensitization reaction mixtures. The cells are then freed of bulk serum constituents and tested for their capacity to release histamine on interaction with a purified protein antigen derived from ragweed pollen. The extent of histamine release is used as an index of serum reagin content.
Various parameters of the sensitization reaction have been explored to establish optimal conditions for valid comparisons of different specimens. The in vitro procedure yielded a high coefficient of correlation in comparative studies with the Prausnitz-Küstner skin test.
Serum assays for passive leukocyte sensitization (PLS) indicate that allergic individuals experience an annual increase in reaginic activity which is initiated during the pollination season. Highest PLS titers have been observed in the early fall, and lowest titers in August. Therapeutic immunization diminishes the annual pollen-induced elevation of PLS activity.
Studies of the Sensitization in Mice Induced by Cellular Fractions Containing H-2 Antigens
Authors: Corson Joseph M. , Mann Lewis T. , Dammin Gustave J. 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The sensitization induced in inbred mice by the injection of antigenic fractions containing allogeneic H-2 antigens has been investigated.
Fractions injected intraperitoneally led to strong sensitization which was maximal in grafts placed on the 4th day and was of short duration. Fractions injected subcutaneously sensitized less intensely. Those injected intravenously were relatively ineffective, but when given in large doses sensitized strongly.
The injection of multiple small doses potentiated the response, but injection of multiple large doses led to a less intense, but more prolonged response than a single dose.
Injection of the antigenic fraction in Freund's adjuvant resulted in a loss of the ability to sensitize which may have been due to the denaturation of lipoprotein in the fraction during the emulsification step.
Spectrum of Human Cytomegalovirus Complement-Fixing Antigens
Authors: Dreesman Gordon R. , Benyesh-Melnick Matilda 
Published: January 2023

Summary
The antigenic properties of two strains of monkey cytomegalovirus (CMV) were analyzed and compared with several human CMV strains. Analysis of the strains was made possible by utilization of selective cross-reactive sera obtained from African green monkeys recently taken into captivity. A uni-directional cross of complement-fixing (CF) reactivity was demonstrated in that certain monkey sera reacted with both monkey and some, but not all, human CMV strains; however, human sera reacted only with human CMV. In contrast, the serum neutralization reactions with these two systems were species specific; monkey sera neutralized only simian CMV strains and human sera neutralized only human CMV strains.
Monkey sera which contained CF antibodies against simian CMV gave a spectrum of reactivity when tested with five different strains of human CMV. About 90% of these monkey sera reacted with human CMV strain AD-169 but none reacted with strain C-87. Approximately 50% of these sera reacted with strains BC-13 and L-38E and 25% reacted weakly with the Davis strain. It was concluded that the various human CMV strains possess overlapping mosaics of CF antigens which can be differentiated with sera obtained from monkeys naturally infected with simian CMV.
Perlindungan Perempuan Dari Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Di Desa Cibogo Sebrang Ciseeng Parung
Authors: Suherman  , Suprima  , Yuli Yuliana 
Published: January 2023

Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) adalah kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusian, oleh karenanya korban KDRT harus mendapatkan perlindungan dari Negara dan masyarakat. Pada kenyataannya banyak terjadi KDRT pada perempuan dan anak-anak yang mengalami kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan, dan perlakuan yang merendahkan derajat dan martabat kemanusian berupa cacian dan penghinaan. Kejadian ini juga terjadi di Desa Cibogo Sebrang, Ciseeng Parung.Karenanya, perlu mendapatkan perlindungan secara hukum bagi mereka yang mengalami KDRT tersebut. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini memberikan pemahaman kepada warga Desa Cibogo Sebrang terhadap tindakan-tindakan yang dapat dikatagorikan sebagai KDRT dan bagaimana melindungi dirinya dari tindakan KDRT tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode dialog, presentasi, dan diskusi kepada para warga masyarakat Desa Cibogo Sebrang, Ciseeng Parung. Adapun tahapan yang dilakukan tim pengabdi adalah sebagai berikut yaitu tahapan persiapan, tahapan proses perizinan, tahapan pelaksanaan dan tahapan pelaporan hasil pelaksanaan. Sedangkan sasaran dari pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah perempuan yang telah berumah tangga. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah ternyata di Desa Cibogo Sebrang, Ciseeng Parung juga banyak terjadi KDRT terutama pada wanita, tetapi mereka tidak mengerti dan paham bahwa memang tindakan kasar yang dilakukan oleh suaminya berupa dimaki dengan nada kasar dan kotor serta tidak diberikan uang belanja atau kebutuhan rumah tangga itu juga termasuk dalam KDRT. Hasil kegiatan dari pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah KDRT yang terjadi pada warga di Desa Cibogo serbang karena disebabkan faktor perkawinan di usia muda dan juga faktor ekonomi yang dialami oleh warga Cibogo Sebrang, sehingga mereka sudah mengetahui bahwa KDRT adalah suatu perbuatan pidana dan pelakunya dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana.Oleh kerananya, Kegiatan sosialisasi terhadap warga Desa Cibogo Sebrang, Ciseeng terkait dengan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) perlu dilaksanakan pada tingkat yang lebih luas lagi yaitu tingkat Desa yang terdiri dari beberapa rukun warga.
SAĞLIK KURUMLARINDA ÇEVREYE DUYARLI POLİTİKALAR: YEŞİL HASTANE ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: BAYTAŞ Veysel , ÇETİN AYDIN Gülşen 
Published: January 2023

Gelişen ve değişen dünya yerel ve küresel çapta, 20. yüzyılın yarısından günümüze kadar hızlı nüfus artışı, aşırı kentleşme, aşırı doğal kaynak kullanımına bağlı olarak çok çeşitli çevre sorunlarıyla yüzleşmektedir. Modern sağlık kurumlarında ortaya çıkan aşırı atık üretimi, aşırı enerji tüketimi ve kaynakların aşırı kullanımı ise; “yeşil hastane” terimiyle karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu anlamda sağlık kurumlarının çevre sorunlarını artırır nitelikteki problemlere çözümü ve çevreye daha az zararla hizmet geliştirmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Sağlık kurumlarına ve çevreye sağladığı katkılar incelenerek; yeşil hastane kavramı hakkında bilgi vermek, uygulanabilir yeşil hastane kavramını ortaya koymak aynı zamanda Türkiye’de sağlık sektöründe yeşil kavramına dikkat çekmek çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Sonuç olarak; yeşil hastane kimliğinin hem özel hem de kamu da artırılması sağlık hizmetlerinin maliyetlerini düşürmekle beraber sağlık hizmetlerinin kalitesini de artırmaktadır. Sağlık sektörünün gerek çevresel gerekse ekonomik açıdan etkileri göz önünde bulundurularak hem sağlık uzmanlarına hem de sağlık hizmetinin üretimi ve sunumunda toplumsal gelişime katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Perbedaan Efektivitas Video dan Flipbook Aktivitas Fisik Terhadap Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Sumatera Utara
Authors: Setiawati Dian , Andayani Lita Sri 
Published: January 2023

Latar Belakang. Aktivitas Fisik merupakan salah satu poin penting dari Instruksi Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 mengenai suatu gerakan yang mendukung gaya hidup sehat di masyarakat yaitu Gerakan Masyarakat Sehat (GERMAS). Mahasiswa FKM USU memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik ringan yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 81,2%. Salah satu hal memengaruhinya yaitu mahasiswa FKM USU jarang membaca informasi mengenai aktivitas fisik.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektivitas video dan flipbook aktivitas tentang fisik terhadap pengetahuan Mahasiswa FKM USU.Metode. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan desain penelitian Quasi Experiment Design dan desain penelitian Non-Equivalent Control Group Design.Hasil. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nilai rerata pengetahuan pada kelompok media video dan flipbook. Diketahui nilai probabilitas kedua variabel tersebut <0,05 yang memiliki makna terdapat hubungan bermakna yang signifikan terhadap pengetahuan responden. Nilai rerata pengetahuan responden yang diberi intervensi melalui media flipbook lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden yang diberi intervensi melalui media video.Kesimpulan. Media Flipbook lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan media video terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap Mahasiswa FKM USU tentang aktivitas fisik. ABSTRACT Bakground. Physical activity is one of the important points of the Presidential Instruction of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2017 regarding a movement that supports a healthy lifestyle in the community, namely Gerakan Masyarakat Sehat (GERMAS). USU's FKM students have a high level of light physical activity, which is 81.2%. One of the things that influenced him was that USU's FKM students rarely read information about physical activity.Aim. This study aims to determine the differences in the effectiveness of videos and flipbooks about physical activity on the knowledge of USU FKM students. Method. The research design used was a Quasi Experiment Design research design and a Non-Equivalent Control Group Design research design. Result. This study found that there were differences in the mean values of knowledge in the video and flipbook media groups. Whether or not the dependency value of the two variables is <0.05 which means there is a significant significant relationship to the respondent's knowledge. The mean value of knowledge of respondents who were given intervention through flipbook media was higher than respondents who were given intervention through video media.Conclusion. Flipbooks are more influential than video media on the knowledge and attitudes of USU FKM students regarding physical activity.
Peranan Kuliah Kerja Nyata Sebagai Wujud Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Albab Al Umar Ahmad Ulil , Nur Savitri Anava Salsa , Pradani Yolanda Sryta , Mutohar Mutohar , Khamid Nur 
Published: January 2023

Kuliah Kerja Nyata saatpandemi covid-19 seperti ini berbeda dengan KKN pada umumnya. KKN pada saatpandemi covid-19 bisa dilakukan secara kelompok langsung di lapangan dan bisa secara mandiri daring. Dengan adanya KKN di tengah pandemi covid-19 diharapkan Mahasiswa tetap memiliki urgensi pengabdian sehingga dapat mengembangkan kompetensi Mahasiswa dan interaksi dalam bersosial di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Kuliah Kerja Nyata sebagai wujud pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Populasi dan Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelompok 122 KKN IAIN Salatiga yakni 3 orang Mahasiswa serta 3 masyarakat. Metode pengumpulan data mengggunakan wawancara, observasi serta dokumentasi. Metode wawancara pada Penelitian ini digunakan bertujuan menggali informasi kepada masyarakat mengenai kebermanfaatan kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata di masa pandemi covid 19. Hasil pada Penelitian inimenunjukkan bahwa kegiatan KKN sebagai wujud pengabdian kepada masyarakat pada masa pandemi masih tetap bisa dirasakan manfaatnya oleh masyarakat dan peran Mahasiswa masih bisa dilakukan dengan rangkaian kegiatan inovatif serta tetap menjalankan protokol kesehatan
PENDAMPINGAN BAHASA INGGRIS PADA ANAK- ANAK SETINGKAT SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA WISATA PAGARAN GALA- GALA, MANDAILING NATAL- SUMUT, DALAM MENGAHADAPI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN (MEA) MELALUI METODE DRILLING DAN REPETITION
Authors: Nasution Dina Syarifah , Harahap Sartika Dewi , Siregar Syamsiah Depalina , Hasibuan Afriyanti 
Published: January 2023

Pengabdian Masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam upaya memberikan pemahaman mengenai penguatan Ekonomi Asean (MEA), Berbasis Community Development (pengembangan masyarakat) oleh Tim Dosen Prodi Tadris Bahasa Inggris STAIN Madina melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat kepada anak-anak setingkat SD di desa wisata Pagaran Gala-gala, kecamatan Panyabungan Selatan, Mandailing Natal-Sumatera Utara. Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Masyarakat ini didukung oleh berbagai pihak yang dalam hal ini Kepala Desa dan orang tua siswa-siswa sebagai sasaran pendampingan ini. Salah satu alasan dipilihnya desa ini yakni merupakan 10 tujuan wisata terbaik di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal. Selanjutnya, kepedulian serta keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam mendukung pesona desa agar terlihat kepada Masyarakat luas dan sebagai wujud kearifan lokal. Mereka sangat mendukung program yang dilaksanakan karena mereka menyadari bahwa untuk mempertahankan Desa Pagaran Gala-gala sebagai Desa Wisata tentu saja dibutuhkan kemampuan berahasa Asing khususnya Bahasa Inggris. Tahapan Pengabdian Masyarakat yang dilaksanakan dibagi menjadi tiga tahapan yaitu; Sosisalisasi Program Kerja, Pendampingan Penguasaan Bahasa Inggris dan Evaluasi Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. Pendampingan berlangsung selama 8 kali pertemuan tatap muka yang berdurasi 2 jam, diikuti oleh 20 orang peserta. Pokok bahasan yang disampaikan berfokus pada Vocabulary, Writing dan Reading dengan metode drilling dan repetition. Melalui pendampingan Bahasa Inggris yang dilaksanakan kelak dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja mandiri berupa menjadi pemandu wisata dan memberikan pelayanan baik bagi wisatawan mancanegara maupun wisatawan lokal ketika berkunjung ke Desa tersebut