bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chaplaincy Perspectives on the Role of Spirituality in Australian Health and Aged Care
Authors: Best Megan C. , Jones Kate , Bradford Kate , Kearney Matthew 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore Australian chaplains’ views of spirituality. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted with 16 participants. Participants relied heavily on metaphors and analogies to describe spirituality. Four inter-related themes were identified through reflexive thematic analysis: (1) The core of spirituality: spirituality as a source of meaning or belief which leads to connectedness with something greater than oneself; (2) A function of spirituality: spirituality empowers people to cope in a crisis, by providing motivation, hope and comfort; (3) The experience of spiritual crisis: admission to hospital or residential care can lead to existential struggle; and (4) The spiritual practice: of holding space between struggle and growth. Greater understanding of the theoretical basis of their work may allow chaplains to offer more in the therapeutic space.
Primary and potential secondary risks of landslide outburst floods
Authors: Gao Yunjian , Fan Lee Chack , Deng Jianhui , Zhao Siyuan , Dai Wen , Zhu Jun , He Zhiliang , Yang Zhongkang , Lane Stuart N. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractOutburst floods triggered by breaching of landslide dams may cause severe loss of life and property downstream. Accurate identification and assessment of such floods, especially when leading to secondary impacts, are critical. In 2018, the Baige landslide in the Tibetan Plateau twice blocked the Jinsha River, eventually resulting in a severe outburst flood. The Baige landslide remains active, and it is possible that a breach happens again. Based on numerical simulation using a hydrodynamic model, remote sensing, and field investigation, we reproduce the outburst flood process and assess the hazard associated with future floods. The results show that the hydrodynamic model could accurately simulate the outburst flood process, with overall accuracy and Kappa accuracy for the flood extent of 0.956 and 0.911. Three future dam break scenarios were considered with landslide dams of heights 30 m, 35 m, and 51 m. The potential storage capacity and length of upstream flow back up in the upstream valley for these heights were 142 × 106m3/32 km, 182 × 106m3/40 km, and 331 × 106m3/50 km. Failure of these three dams leads to maximum inundation extents of 0.18 km2, 0.34 km2, and 0.43 km2, which is significant out-of-bank flow and serious infrastructure impacts. These results demonstrate the seriousness of secondary hazards associated with this region.
Explaining why public officials perceive interest groups as influential: on the role of policy capacities and policy insiderness
Authors: Albareda Adrià , Braun Caelesta , Fraussen Bert 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article asks why public officials perceive some interest groups as influential for policy outcomes. Theoretically, we rely on resource exchange and behavioral approaches. Perceived influence of interest groups does not only follow from the policy capacities they bring to the table; it also relates to the extent to which public officials consider groups as policy insiders. Both effects are assumed to be conditional on advocacy salience, i.e., the number of stakeholders mobilized in each legislative proposal. We rely on a new dataset of 103 prominent interest groups involved in 28 legislative proposals passed between 2015 and 2016 at the European Union level. Our findings show that interest groups associated with high analytical and political capacities are perceived as more influential for final policy outcomes than other groups with less policy capacities. Yet, in policy issues with high advocacy salience, interest groups characterized by higher ‘insiderness’ are perceived as more influential among public officials.
Ultra high resolution point spread function based on photonic crystal lens for 3D biomedical applications
Authors: Salama Norhan A. , Swillam Mohamed A. , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Badr Y. , Alexeree Shaimaa M. , Obayya Salah S. A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this paper, a novel design of superlens based on photonic bandgap structure for high resolution point spread function (PSF) is reported at a wavelength of 3 μm. The lens is able to generate a non-diffraction Bessel beam with a number of focusing points with variant resolution limits. The optimized structure provides high resolution in both lateral and axial directions. The maximum achieved lateral resolution of PSF is down to ~ 0.27λ with corresponding axial resolution down to ~ 0.57λ attaining a FOM, the inverse of the product of both resolution limits, of ~ 6.49. Meanwhile, the maximum axial resolution is down to ~ 0.4λ with corresponding lateral resolution down to ~ 0.33λ with a FOM of ~ 7.34. In addition, the proposed design is able to generate a focusing point extended in space up to ~ 0.98 µm with a sub-diffraction lateral resolution down to ~ 0.47λ. Furthermore, the reported superlens demonstrates a sub-diffraction focusing in lateral direction along the range the bandgap wavelengths (from 2.4 to 3.6 µm) showing a significant increase of focal depth when decreasing the operating wavelength. Remarkably, a high focal depth up to ~ 1.77 µm is achieved at the operating wavelength of 2.6 µm. The suggested design has a tremendous potential in 3D biological imaging and biosensing applications.
State-dependent importance sampling for estimating expectations of functionals of sums of independent random variables
Authors: Ben Amar Eya , Ben Rached Nadhir , Haji-Ali Abdul-Lateef , Tempone Raúl 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEstimating the expectations of functionals applied to sums of random variables (RVs) is a well-known problem encountered in many challenging applications. Generally, closed-form expressions of these quantities are out of reach. A naive Monte Carlo simulation is an alternative approach. However, this method requires numerous samples for rare event problems. Therefore, it is paramount to use variance reduction techniques to develop fast and efficient estimation methods. In this work, we use importance sampling (IS), known for its efficiency in requiring fewer computations to achieve the same accuracy requirements. We propose a state-dependent IS scheme based on a stochastic optimal control formulation, where the control is dependent on state and time. We aim to calculate rare event quantities that could be written as an expectation of a functional of the sums of independent RVs. The proposed algorithm is generic and can be applied without restrictions on the univariate distributions of RVs or the functional applied to the sum. We apply this approach to the log-normal distribution to compute the left tail and cumulative distribution of the ratio of independent RVs. For each case, we numerically demonstrate that the proposed state-dependent IS algorithm compares favorably to most well-known estimators dealing with similar problems.
Adaptation of the tuning parameter in general Bayesian inference with robust divergence
Authors: Yonekura Shouto , Sugasawa Shonosuke 
Published: February 2023

AbstractWe introduce a novel methodology for robust Bayesian estimation with robust divergence (e.g., density power divergence or $$\gamma $$
γ
-divergence), indexed by tuning parameters. It is well known that the posterior density induced by robust divergence gives highly robust estimators against outliers if the tuning parameter is appropriately and carefully chosen. In a Bayesian framework, one way to find the optimal tuning parameter would be using evidence (marginal likelihood). However, we theoretically and numerically illustrate that evidence induced by the density power divergence does not work to select the optimal tuning parameter since robust divergence is not regarded as a statistical model. To overcome the problems, we treat the exponential of robust divergence as an unnormalisable statistical model, and we estimate the tuning parameter by minimising the Hyvarinen score. We also provide adaptive computational methods based on sequential Monte Carlo samplers, enabling us to obtain the optimal tuning parameter and samples from posterior distributions simultaneously. The empirical performance of the proposed method through simulations and an application to real data are also provided.
Probabilistic time series forecasts with autoregressive transformation models
Authors: Rügamer David , Baumann Philipp F. M. , Kneib Thomas , Hothorn Torsten 
Published: February 2023

AbstractProbabilistic forecasting of time series is an important matter in many applications and research fields. In order to draw conclusions from a probabilistic forecast, we must ensure that the model class used to approximate the true forecasting distribution is expressive enough. Yet, characteristics of the model itself, such as its uncertainty or its feature-outcome relationship are not of lesser importance. This paper proposes Autoregressive Transformation Models (ATMs), a model class inspired by various research directions to unite expressive distributional forecasts using a semi-parametric distribution assumption with an interpretable model specification. We demonstrate the properties of ATMs both theoretically and through empirical evaluation on several simulated and real-world forecasting datasets.
Interface Shapes in Microfluidic Porous Media: Conditions Allowing Steady, Simultaneous Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Cox S. J. , Davarpanah A. , Rossen W. R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractMicrofluidic devices offer unique opportunities to directly observe multiphase flow in porous media. However, as a representation of flow in geological pore networks, conventional microfluidics face several challenges. One is whether steady simultaneous two-phase flow through a two-dimensional network is possible without fluctuating occupancy of the pore constrictions. Flow without fluctuations can occur only if the flow paths of the two phases can cross on the 2D network; this requires that wetting phase can form a bridge across the gap between grains at a pore constriction while non-wetting phase flows through the constriction. We consider the conditions under which this is possible as a function of the local capillary pressure and the geometry of the constriction. Using the Surface Evolver software, we determine conditions for stable interfaces in constricted geometries, the range of capillary pressures at which bridging can occur, and those where the wetting phase would re-invade the constriction to block the flow of the non-wetting phase (“snap-off”). If a constriction is long and either straight or uniformly curved, snap-off occurs at the same capillary pressure as bridging. For constrictions of concave shape, which we represent as constrictions between cylindrical grains, however, we find a range of capillary pressures at which bridging is stable; the range is greater the narrower the diameter of the cylinders (i.e. the more strongly concave the throat) relative to the width of the constriction. For smaller-diameter pillars, the phenomenon of “Roof” snap-off as non-wetting phase invades a downstream pore body, is predicted not to occur.
Concept for modeling and quantitative evaluation of life cycle dynamics in factory systems
Authors: Dér Antal , Hingst Lennart , Nyhuis Peter , Herrmann Christoph 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAgainst the background of the climate crisis, fast innovation space in emerging technologies and the global competitive environment for manufacturing companies, a sound understanding of the life cycle behavior of factory systems becomes more and more important. The decision context of the factory life cycle conveys a high level of complexity, e.g. by the heterogeneous nature of factory element life cycles, manifold interactions between them as well as external change drivers. A model-based understanding as well as methods and tools are required that support factory planners and operators in this regard. This paper presents an approach for the modeling and quantitative evaluation of life cycle dynamics in factory systems while respecting the dynamic behavior of factory operation, as well. The purpose of the modeling is to deepen the knowledge of the prevailing life cycle mechanisms and their implications for factory planning and operation. The application of the approach is demonstrated in an exemplary case study.
Prospective Secondary Teachers’ Emergent Knowledge and Beliefs: Inquiry-Oriented Differential Equations Contributing to Teacher Preparation
Authors: Apkarian Naneh , Habre Samer , LaTona-Tequida Talia , Rasmussen Chris 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article reports on the evolution of prospective secondary teachers’ knowledge (meanings for $$\frac{dy}{dt}$$

dy

dt

) and beliefs (about teaching and learning mathematics) in a semester-long inquiry-oriented differential equations class. Students entered the course with limited, primarily procedural, meanings for $$\frac{dy}{dt}$$

dy

dt

. Throughout the semester, they engaged in collaborative mathematical inquiry using a research-based curriculum. As viewed through the emergent perspective, students’ meanings for $$\frac{dy}{dt}$$

dy

dt

and their beliefs about teaching and learning mathematics co-evolved with community norms and practices through the classroom discourse. Students’ end-of-term portfolios and portfolio presentations were analyzed for evidence of meanings for $$\frac{dy}{dt}$$

dy

dt

and beliefs about students’ roles, instructors’ roles, and the general nature of learning mathematics. In these, students expressed rich, multifaceted meanings for $$\frac{dy}{dt}$$

dy

dt

and beliefs about learning as an active process of meaning-making. While many prospective teachers do not see the relevance of advanced mathematics coursework to their career, these students reflected on their experiences in the course and volunteered ways in which their emerging knowledge and beliefs would influence their future practice. We emphasize that the classroom norms supported students in pursuing connections themselves, and conjecture that similar norms would support the development of reflective practitioners in other contexts.
Deriving Expert Knowledge of Situational Awareness in Policing: a Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Huhta Juha-Matti , Di Nota Paula Maria , Hietanen Tony , Ropo Eero 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Situational awareness (SA) is the most important skill required by police to effectively assess and respond to encounters, including critical incidents. Incomplete or sub-optimal SA strategies can lead to errors in subsequent judgement, decision-making, and action, including tactics and use of force (UOF). Errors in UOF, especially lethal force, in training or operational field settings, have severe consequences for learning, occupational health, and public safety. Therefore, adequately defining and instructing SA is an important gap to fill in existing applied police literature and practice. Using a mixed-methods approach, the current study aimed to define and conceptualize SA in police-specific contexts. Participants included 23 novice trainees and 11 experienced officers and instructors in tactics and UOF. Participants were shown 13 static images of various staged encounters, ranging from non-threatening to high-threat. Following each image, participants were interviewed and asked to describe what they saw and how they would respond. Thematic analyses of the interview data revealed the following seven themes that are highly interrelated and more completely define police-specific SA: distance/time laws; partner/roles; profiling the suspect; tactical options and opportunities; ongoing assessment of own tactical activities and outcomes; surrounding environment and conditions; and dangerous objects. Expert officers provided more detailed and multidimensional descriptions of the themes and statistical analyses confirmed that experts identified more themes compared to novices. By making tacit knowledge visible, the current findings establish a professional standard for SA formation, which can inform evidence-based police training in SA, tactical decision-making, and UOF while improving operational safety.
Sexual Dysfunctions and Problematic Sexuality in Personality Disorders and Pathological Personality Traits: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ciocca Giacomo , Di Stefano Ramona , Collazzoni Alberto , Jannini Tommaso B. , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Rossi Alessandro , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Purpose of Review

This aim of the present systematic literature review is to critically analyze problematic sexuality and sexual dysfunctions in personality disorders (PDs) and pathological personality traits.

Recent Findings

An initial pool of 123 studies was found, out of which 17 met the selection criteria and were therefore included. Traumatic experiences as childhood sexual abuse and adverse childhood experiences characterize the relationship between sexual behavior and PDs. From this point of view, sexual compulsivity and sexual risk behaviors, typical of BPD and ASPD, respectively, are among the pathognomonic aspects of PDs and of pathological personality traits.

Summary

A maladaptive personality functioning may manifest through a problematic sexuality and a sexual impairment. In this regard, traumatic life experiences may structure personality together with sexual functioning. Therefore, it would be useful to consider the relationship between trauma, sexuality, and personality in research and in the clinical setting.
The Uncanny Capital: Mapping the Historical Spatial Evolution of Windhoek
Authors: Roland Stephanie , Stevens Quentin , Simon Katrina 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis paper has traced the historic spatial development of Windhoek through five distinct socio-political epochs. These different periods’ spatial, aesthetic, and representational effects on the city’s urban landscape are presented in original maps, allowing a spatial-to-scale comparison and analysis of the city’s development. Rather than the discrete chapters in Windhoek’s urban development, successive occupations’ spatial compositions are shown to have been assembled from and grounded in the geomorphological, spatial, social, and administrative conditions preceding them. The paper expands the concept of the uncanny, the colonial drive to recreate home in foreign lands and local resistance to this, from the architectural to the urban. It describes how infrastructure, residential typologies and neighbourhood morphologies, memorials, places of memory, and public space were designed to segregate and subjugate Windhoek’s population and how this spatial legacy continues to inform city-making in Windhoek today. In doing so, the paper challenges the notion that the city’s spatial structure, layout, and urban planning are neutral quantitative entities.
Rescuing Mele/Robb-Style Cases
Authors: Rychter Pablo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractA good part of the philosophical debate on free will and moral responsibility in the last fifty years has revolved around so-called Frankfurt-style cases. One of the most important milestones in this debate is the case described by Mele and Robb (1998), which was intended to avoid some earlier objections directed at Frankfurt’s original argument. However, the success of Mele and Robb’s case has been contested by Pereboom (2001), Widerker (2003), and Moya (2003, 2017), among others. The present paper aims to vindicate Mele and Robb’s (and Frankfurt’s) general argument by describing a variation of their case that overcomes or avoids the objections of those authors.
How animal dung can help to reconstruct past forest use: a late Neolithic case study from the Mooswinkel pile dwelling (Austria)
Authors: Jakobitsch Thorsten , Dworsky Cyril , Heiss Andreas G. , Kühn Marlu , Rosner Sabine , Leskovar Jutta 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Animal dung analyses are a useful tool for vegetational studies. Preserved ruminant dung from archaeological layers offers a unique possibility for the reconstruction of past fodder management strategies, and further for studying the impact of fodder acquisition and pasturing on forests. In this case study we investigate the impact of Late Neolithic livestock keeping on the forest around the “Mooswinkel” pile dwelling at the Austrian lake Mondsee through the analysis of botanical macroremains, insect remains as well as microhistological analyses of botanical remains in animal dung. Seasonal plant parts in the dung point out that cattle, goats, and/or sheep were evidently kept inside the settlement during the winter for protection. During the daytime, they were allowed to forage around the settlement. Winter fodder consisted of dried leaf hay, hay from grasses and herbs, male flowers of early blooming bushes, and fresh twigs of evergreen species, such as fir (Abies alba), ivy (Hedera helix), and mistletoe (Viscum album).
MUC1 promotes lung metastases of liver cancer by impairing anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Yin Yanze , Yang Changjie , Xu Jiafeng , Luo Yi , Xia Qiang , He Kang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Purpose
MUC1 is a membrane bound protein that can regulate tumor progression but its role in tumor metastasis and the metastatic microenvironment remains unclear.

Methods
We performed differential gene analysis for primary liver cancer (n = 31) and lung metastases (n = 31) using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset (GSE141016) and obtained RNA sequencing data from 374 liver cancer and 50 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We analyzed the prognostic value of MUC1 and the relationship between MUC1 and the TME using online databases and a clinical cohort. Immunohistochemistry detected MUC1 in normal liver, liver cancer, and lung metastases. Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining detected immune cells in the metastatic microenvironment.

Results
High MUC1 expression levels in hepatocellular carcinoma are associated with worse clinical prognosis and higher rates of lung metastasis. In addition, we observed a correlation between MUC1 and multiple immune cells in the metastatic microenvironment. In paired primary liver cancer and lung metastatic tumor tissues from the same patient, we observed higher MUC1 protein levels in lung metastases than in primary liver cancer. Furthermore, MUC1 was negatively correlated with CD8+T and Treg cells in the metastatic tumor microenvironment and positively correlated with DC. In addition, we found that MUC1 was associated with CD8+T cell activation and function using flow cytometry in another cohort of patients with liver cancer.

Conclusion
These data confirm the potential of MUC1 as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target.