bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weekly variations of accelerometer variables and workload of professional soccer players from different positions throughout a season
Authors: Nobari Hadi , Praça Gibson Moreira , da Glória Teles Bredt Sarah , González Pablo Prieto , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Carlos-Vivas Jorge , Ardigò Luca Paolo 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThe current study aimed to analyze, using accelerometer-based activity, acute workload, chronic workload, acutechronic workloads ratio, training-monotony and training-strain throughout a competitive soccer-season and to compare these variables between players from different playing positions. Twenty-one professional soccer-players were monitored during the 48 weeks of the season. Players were grouped according to their position. Four lateral-defenders and four winger-players formed LDW group, four central-defenders and four forwards formed CDF group, and six midfielder-players formed MDF group. Accelerometer-based variables were collected during training and match contexts and were used to generate indicators of weekly acute and chronic workload, training monotony, training strain and metabolic power. A one-way ANOVA compared all dependent variables between groups, and effect sizes for pairwise comparisons were calculated. Results revealed variations in the weekly load throughout the season, which demands caution from coaches to avoid injuries. There were no differences in weekly-loads for all dependent variables (P > 0.05, small-to-moderate effects). We conclude that the weekly-load is not constant during a competitive season and players from different positions have similar weekly-loads. Therefore, previously reported in the literature, possible match-related positional differences might be compensated by differences in training-related loads, leading to a similar profile when considering the whole week.
Effects of presenilin-1 familial Alzheimer’s disease mutations on γ-secretase activation for cleavage of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Do Hung N. , Devkota Sujan , Bhattarai Apurba , Wolfe Michael S. , Miao Yinglong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractPresenilin-1 (PS1) is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase which cleaves within the transmembrane domain of over 150 peptide substrates. Dominant missense mutations in PS1 cause early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD); however, the exact pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Here we combined Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations and biochemical experiments to determine the effects of six representative PS1 FAD mutations (P117L, I143T, L166P, G384A, L435F, and L286V) on the enzyme-substrate interactions between γ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Biochemical experiments showed that all six PS1 FAD mutations rendered γ-secretase less active for the endoproteolytic (ε) cleavage of APP. Distinct low-energy conformational states were identified from the free energy profiles of wildtype and PS1 FAD-mutant γ-secretase. The P117L and L286V FAD mutants could still sample the “Active” state for substrate cleavage, but with noticeably reduced conformational space compared with the wildtype. The other mutants hardly visited the “Active” state. The PS1 FAD mutants were found to reduce γ-secretase proteolytic activity by hindering APP residue L49 from proper orientation in the active site and/or disrupting the distance between the catalytic aspartates. Therefore, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how PS1 FAD mutations affect structural dynamics and enzyme-substrate interactions of γ-secretase and APP.
Substantial burial of terrestrial microplastics in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China
Authors: Gao Bo , Chen Yalan , Xu Dongyu , Sun Ke , Xing Baoshan 
Published: February 2023

AbstractHydropower dams impact the transport of microplastics from rivers to the ocean. The Yangtze River is a large source of plastics to the ocean. Here, we report microplastic concentrations and compositions across a range of size fractions for sediment samples collected in the upper and lower reaches of the Three Gorges Dam in 2008, 2015, 2019 and 2020. We find a gradual increase in microplastic abundance over time, with preferential retention of small-sized (<300 μm) microplastics in the dam reservoir sediments. Small microplastics accounted for between approximately 44 and 90% of identified microplastics, and 82% of all polyethylene particles, which were the dominant polymer type. Our estimate of the total plastic mass load in reservoir sediments suggests that the Three Gorges Dam retains as much as 8048 ± 7494 tons yr‒1 microplastics in sediments, which is equivalent to 47 ± 44% of the Yangtze River microplastic flux to the ocean.
Tuning the emission and lighting the circularly polarized luminescence of polyfluorene by incorporating a non-emissive polycarbene
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhou Li , Zhu Yuan-Yuan , Liu Na , Wu Zong-Quan 
Published: February 2023

Polyfluorenes carrying a Ni(ii)-terminal were first prepared via Ni(ii)-catalyzed quasi-living Kumada catalyst-transfer polymerization, and poly(fluorene)-b-polycarbene copolymers with high optical activity and CPL were obtained in one pot.
FinO/ProQ-family proteins: an evolutionary perspective
Authors: Liao Zhen , Smirnov Alexandre 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are key actors of post-transcriptional networks. Almost exclusively studied in the light of their interactions with RNA ligands and the associated functional events, they are still poorly understood as evolutionary units. In this review, we discuss the FinO/ProQ family of bacterial RNA chaperones, how they evolve and spread across bacterial populations and what properties and opportunities they provide to their host cells. We reflect on major conserved and divergent themes within the family, trying to understand how the same ancestral RNA-binding fold, augmented with additional structural elements, could yield either highly specialised proteins or, on the contrary, globally acting regulatory hubs with a pervasive impact on gene expression. We also consider dominant convergent evolutionary trends that shaped their RNA chaperone activity and recurrently implicated the FinO/ProQ-like proteins in bacterial DNA metabolism, translation and virulence. Finally, we offer a new perspective in which FinO/ProQ-family regulators emerge as active evolutionary players with both negative and positive roles, significantly impacting the evolutionary modes and trajectories of their bacterial hosts.
Describing the Spoken Language Skills of Typically Developing Afrikaans-Speaking Children Using Language Sample Analysis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Liebenberg Petria , van der Linde Jeannie , Schimper Isabella , de Wet Febe , Graham Marien , Bornman Juan 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Language sample analysis is widely regarded as the gold standard of language assessment. However, the uncertainty regarding the optimal length of sample and the limited availability of developmental language data for nonmainstream languages such as Afrikaans complicate reliable use of the method. The study aimed to provide guidelines on representative length of sample and concurrently provide a preliminary description of the spoken language skills of Afrikaans-speaking children.

Method:
The study involved 30 typically developing Afrikaans-speaking children aged between 3;6 and 9;6 (years;months). A descriptive research design was used to transcribe and analyze 1-hr interactions collected in natural environments of participants who were recruited using referral sampling. Video and audio recordings of the samples were transcribed using adapted Sampling Utterances and Grammatical Analysis Revised analysis procedures.

Results:
Results indicated that mean length of utterance in words per minute, number of different words per minute, and total number of words per minute stabilized at 30 min and no significant differences were found between 30 min and longer time segments. Morphology results concur with existing developmental findings in Afrikaans. Lexical diversity results correlated with the findings of the lexical specificity and accuracy in the Prutting and Kirchner Pragmatic Protocol (Prutting & Kirchner, 1987). The developmental trajectories for pragmatic and phonological development were consistent with existing guidelines.

Conclusions:
The study concluded that a 30-min interaction segment provides a representative language sample for Afrikaans-speaking children who are between 3;6 and 9;6. It provides promising preliminary developmental data and clinical guidelines, confirming the potential of language sample analysis (LSA) as a reliable component of language assessment in Afrikaans.
The Influence of Language Background on Dichotic Listening in Primary School Children
Authors: Brännström K. Jonas , Rudner Mary , Carlie Johanna , Andersson Ketty , Johansson Roger , Gulz Agneta , Sahlén Birgitta 
Published: February 2023

Purpose:
Dichotic speech tests are commonly used in audiological assessments of children with suspected listening difficulties, which may have a range of origins. In Sweden, today, one in four primary schoolchildren has a foreign background, which means that a large proportion of children will be assessed through the medium of a language that they speak at school, but it is not the language they regularly speak at home. This study examines dichotic listening ability among children attending primary schools in two cities in southern Sweden with a high proportion of recent immigrants.

Method:
In this study, 82 Swedish second and third graders aged 7–9 years with varying Swedish language exposure performed a dichotic listening task, under free recall and directed conditions. They also performed backward digit span as a measure of working memory and crosslinguistic nonword repetition, which is central for language learning.

Results:
We found no effect of Swedish language exposure on dichotic listening performance. Right ear was not significantly better than the left ear in either free or directed recall indicating no right ear advantage. Dichotic listening performance was significantly better in free recall compared with directed recall. Dichotic listening was related to working memory capacity. After controlling for working memory capacity, nonword repetition showed a significant positive association with dichotic listening under free recall but not directed recall.

Conclusions:
Test language exposure and knowledge do not seem to influence primary school children's performance on a dichotic digit task. Performance was related to working memory capacity and the complex skill of perceiving, coding, and producing novel words in a nonword repetition task. In clinical practice, both tests of working memory capacity and crosslinguistic nonword repetition may inform the interpretation of dichotic listening results in children with diverse language backgrounds.
Picosecond pulses with 40 W peak power from a passively mode‐locked tapered quantum well laser
Authors: Wohlfeil Shulin , Christopher Heike , Fricke Jörg , Wenzel Hans , Knigge Andrea , Tränkle Günther 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this letter, the authors present a monolithic edge emitting diode laser intended as a potential key component for the generation of terahertz radiation in a compact time‐domain spectroscopy system. The 6 mm long multi‐section InGaAsP double quantum well (DQW) laser, featured with a 3.6 mm long tapered (TP) gain section, operates at a wavelength of ∼832 nm and generates pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of ∼6.3 GHz in passive mode‐locking operation. Pulses with 2.6 ps width and 40 W peak power are measured. The generated pulses are not bandwidth‐limited and should be compressible for further applications.
Identification of vulnerable nodes in power grids based on graph deep learning algorithm
Authors: Gu Xueping , Liu Tong , Li Shaoyan , Yang Xiaodong , Cao Xin 
Published: February 2023

AbstractComprehensive and timely identification of vulnerable nodes is of great significance to ensure the security of the power system. With the development of power grids, traditional identification methods for vulnerable nodes with high operational risks can no longer meet the actual operation needs in terms of model accuracy, and it is prone to ignore some critical nodes. In view of this, a method based on graph deep learning is proposed for grid vulnerable nodes identification to realize fast and accurate identification of vulnerable nodes. Firstly, the GraphSAGE algorithm is used to aggregate the operation states of each node and its neighbours. The node attribute information and topology information are mapped to the output layer at the same time to form a comprehensive representation of the node state through non‐linear transformation. Then according to the similarity between the states, the improved K‐means algorithm is used to cluster the nodes so as to realize the identification of vulnerable nodes. The distances between the nodes and the vulnerability centre are calculated to rank the node vulnerabilities. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by the simulation results of the IEEE 30‐bus system and a practical power system.
Systematic protective scheme for mega‐city power systems against stray currents caused by metro systems
Authors: Guo Yujun , Du Qing , Liu Yijie , Yang Feng , Chen Lu , Zhang Xueqin , Xiao Song , Li Chunmao , Wu Guangning 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn modern megacities, stray currents from metro systems intrude into multiple transformers' neutral points becoming a potential threat to the high‐capacity transformers. Neutral current anomalies are exacerbated in unprotected substations when we instal guards at single stations. This paper presents a system protection strategy for multiple substations affected by stray currents in modern megacities. The model, taking Shanghai as an example, includes the spatial distribution information of the urban electrical energy transmission structure, the power system, and the metro system. A Particle swarm algorithm is used to calculate the resistance values of the devices for each station. Further stability tests are performed to select the optimal protection solution. The results show that when protection is considered as a system, the protection runs well and the neutral current level remains below the unprotected level when the protection fails at a single station or multiple stations.
Adopting metaverse‐related mixed reality technologies to tackle urban development challenges: An empirical study of an Australian municipal government
Authors: An Aaron 
Published: February 2023

AbstractFast‐growing urban areas bring challenges to government authorities. The urban planning system in Australia is still very analogue with paper‐based systems as standard practice. Two‐dimensional document‐based blueprints and Geographic Information System (GIS) maps do not always give stakeholders and investors the necessary insights. By exploring Mixed Reality (MR) application at the municipal government level, this research explains how metaverse‐related immersive technologies can assist the government in better engaging with stakeholders and potential partners to improve their understanding of the urban environment and showcase future city developments to foster new opportunities and contribute to the development of the real living world.
The kinematics of the magnetized protostellar core IRAS15398-3359
Authors: Tabatabaei Farideh S. , Redaelli Elena , Caselli Paola , Alves Felipe O. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Observations of protostellar envelopes are essential in order to understand better the process of gravitational collapse toward star and planet formation. From a theoretical perspective, magnetic fields are considered an important factor during the early stages of star formation, especially during the main accretion phase.
Aims. Our aim is to study the relation between kinematics and magnetic fields at a very early stage of the star formation process by using data from the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) single-dish antenna with an angular resolution of 28".
Methods. We observed the two molecular lines C18O (2–1) and DCO+ (3–2) toward the Class 0 young stellar object IRAS15398-3359. We implemented a multi-component Gaussian fitting on the molecular data to study the kinematics. In addition, we used previous polarization observations on this source to predict the influence of the magnetic field on the core.
Results. The velocity gradient along the central object can be explained as an ongoing outflow motion. We report the flowing of material from the filament toward the central object, and the merging of two velocity components in the C18O (2–1) emission around the protostar position, probably due to the merging of filamentary clouds. Our analysis shows that the large-scale magnetic field line observed previously is preferentially aligned to the rotation axis of the core.
Estimating the longitudinal magnetic field in the chromosphere of quiet-Sun magnetic concentrations
Authors: Esteban Pozuelo S. , Asensio Ramos A. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Trujillo Bueno J. , Martínez González M. J. 
Published: February 2023

Context. Details of the magnetic field in the quiet-Sun chromosphere are key to our understanding of essential aspects of the solar atmosphere. However, the strength and orientation of this magnetic field have not been thoroughly studied at high spatial resolution.
Aims. We aim to determine the longitudinal magnetic field component (B∥) of quiet-Sun regions depending on their size.
Methods. We estimated B∥ by applying the weak-field approximation to high-spatial-resolution Ca II 854.2 nm data taken with the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope. Specifically, we analyzed the estimates inferred for different spectral ranges using the data at the original cadence and temporally integrated signals.
Results. The longitudinal magnetic field in each considered plasma structure correlates with its size. Using a spectral range restricted to the line core leads to chromospheric longitudinal fields varying from ∼50 G at the edges to 150–500 G at the center of the structure. These values increase as the spectral range widens due to the photospheric contribution. However, the difference between this contribution and the chromospheric one is not uniform for all structures. Small and medium-sized concentrations show a steeper height gradient in B∥ compared to their chromospheric values, so estimates for wider ranges are less trustworthy. Signal addition does not alleviate this situation as the height gradients in B∥ are consistent with time. Finally, despite the amplified noise levels that deconvolving processes may cause, data restored with the destretching technique show similar results, though are affected by smearing.
Conclusions. We obtained B∥ estimates similar to those previously found, except for large concentrations and wide spectral ranges. In addition, we report a correlation between the height variation of B∥ compared to the chromospheric estimates and the concentration size. This correlation affects the difference between the photospheric and chromospheric magnetic flux values and the reliability of the estimates for wider spectral ranges.
Scattered polarized radiation of extrasolar circumplanetary rings
Authors: Lietzow M. , Wolf S. 
Published: February 2023

Aims. We have investigated the impact of circumplanetary rings consisting of spherical micrometer-sized particles on the net scattered light polarization of extrasolar gas giants.
Methods. Using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code POLARIS, we studied the impact of the macroscopic parameters that define the ring, such as its radius and inclination, and the chemical composition of the ring particles on the net scattered polarization. For the spherical ring particles, we applied the Mie scattering theory. We studied the flux and polarization of the scattered stellar radiation as a function of planetary phase angle and wavelength from the optical to the near-infrared.
Results. For the chosen grain size distribution, the dust particles in the ring show strong forward scattering at the considered wavelengths. Thus, the reflected flux of the planet dominates the total reflected and polarized flux at small phase angles. However, the scattered and polarized flux of the ring increase at large phase angles and exceeds the total reflected planetary flux. For large rings that contain silicate particles, the total reflected flux is dominated by the radiation scattered by the dust in the ring at all phase angles. As a result, the orientation of polarization is parallel to the scattering plane at small phase angles. In contrast, for a ring that contains water ice particles, the orientation of polarization is parallel to the scattering plane at large phase angles. Depending on the ring inclination and orientation, the total reflected and polarized flux show a specific distribution as well. Large particles show a strong polarization at large phase angles compared to smaller particles. For a Jupiter-like atmosphere that contains methane and aerosols, methane absorption features are missing in the spectrum of a ringed planet.
Conclusions. Scattering of the stellar radiation by dust in circumplanetary rings of extrasolar planets results in unique features in the phase-angle- and wavelength-dependent reflected and polarized net flux. Thus, exoplanet polarimetry provides the means to study not only the planetary atmosphere and surface, but also to identify the existence and constrain the properties of exoplanetary rings.
Case Management für Personen mit Pflegebedarf und
gebrechliche ältere Personen
Authors: Herberg Stephan , Teuteberg Frank , Zerth Jürgen 
Published: February 2023

ZusammenfassungEine wachsende Fallschwere, höheres Lebensalter und teilweise nicht
vorhandene familiäre Betreuungsnetze führen dazu, dass die
Koordination von medizinisch-pflegerischen Leistungen und sozialen
Unterstützungsleistungen nicht in jedem Fall zu einer adäquaten
Versorgungssituation beitragen. Um Menschen soweit als möglich im
eigenen Lebens- und Betreuungsumfeld zu halten, ist ein adjustierter Care-Mix
zwischen Familienpflege und professioneller Pflege notwendig.Die Betreuung eines vulnerablen Personenkreises durch professionelle wie
informelle Akteure bedarf allerdings einer professionellen Koordination. Das
Prinzip des Case Managements kann in fast idealtypischer Weise eingesetzt
werden, um professionelle und informelle Akteure in einen Care-Prozess zu
integrieren und sowohl medizinische Leistungen als auch Pflege- und
Betreuungsleistungen im dazu nötigen Setting auszubalancieren.Eine stärke Koordination von Pflegeleistungen ist als Notwendigkeit
weithin anerkannt. In verschiedenen Projektansätzen werden
Ansätze wie Case Management, Pflegelosten, professionelle
Krankenhausnachbetreuung und Gemeindeschwesteransätze erprobt und
gelebt.Die Auswertung internationaler Studien im Bereich des Case Managements zeigen
grundsätzlich eine proaktivere Herangehensweise an, mit der Empfehlung,
eine für ein zielführendes Case Management frühzeitigere
und spezifischere Fallauswahl vorzunehmen. Die klare Definition der
Einschlusskriterien, die Konzentration auf Patient*innen mit einer hohen
Wiederaufnahmewahrscheinlichkeit und ein intensives Case Management
können so zu effektiveren Versorgungsergebnissen und reduzierten
Inanspruchnahmen von Leistungen führen.In diesem Beitrag soll die Frage diskutiert werden, ob die bestehenden Beratungs-
und Lotsenangebote gebündelt, fusioniert und zu einer Case
Management-Organisation weiterentwickelt werden können. Insbesondere,
falls sich die bestehenden Angebote überschneiden und vorhandene
Ressourcen nicht ausreichend koordiniert werden.Es sollen insbesondere Organisationsstrukturen aufgezeigt werden, in denen Case
Management langfristig verortet werden könnte. Hier gilt es die
Bedeutung der eigenständigen pflegeinfrastrukturellen Rolle eines
erweiterten Case Managements zu verdeutlichen.