bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource allocation scheme of netted radar system for target localisation
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Tao Haihong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn order to enhance the resource utilisation of the netted radar system, a receiving resource allocation (RRA) strategy for target localisation is developed in this article. Receiving resource refers to the receiving node and the processing approach adopted. The aim of the proposed RAA strategy is to select the receiver node and corresponding processing approach to minimise the resource cost while satisfying the desired target localisation accuracies. The resource cost includes the implementation cost of the processing approaches and the distance cost of data transmission. The Cramer‐Rao bound (CRB) incorporating the above controllable parameters is derived and used as the target localisation performance metric in the netted radar system. Whereafter, the RRA problem is modelled as a non‐convex constrained optimisation problem with the discrete variables. A scheme based on the modified depth‐first search is proposed to solve this problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce resource consumption under the desired target localisation performance constraints.
Estimating the number of planets that PLATO can detect
Authors: Matuszewski F. , Nettelmann N. , Cabrera J. , Börner A. , Rauer H. 
Published: July 2023

Context. The PLATO mission is scheduled for launch in 2026. It will monitor more than 245 000 FGK stars of magnitude 13 or brighter for planet transit events. Among the key scientific goals are the detection of Earth-Sun analogs; the detailed characterization of stars and planets in terms of mass, radius, and ages; the detection of planetary systems with longer orbital periods than are detected in current surveys; and to advance our understanding of planet formation and evolution processes.
Aims. This study aims to estimate the number of exoplanets that PLATO can detect as a function of planetary size and period, stellar brightness, and observing strategy options. Deviations from these estimates will be informative of the true occurrence rates of planets, which helps constraining planet formation models.
Methods. For this purpose, we developed the Planet Yield for PLATO estimator (PYPE), which adopts a statistical approach. We apply given occurrence rates from planet formation models and from different search and vetting pipelines for the Kepler data. We estimate the stellar sample to be observed by PLATO using a fraction of the all-sky PLATO stellar input catalog (PIC). PLATO detection efficiencies are calculated under different assumptions that are presented in detail in the text.
Results. The results presented here primarily consider the current baseline observing duration of 4 yr. We find that the expected PLATO planet yield increases rapidly over the first year and begins to saturate after 2 yr. A nominal (2+2) 2-yr mission could yield about several thousand to several tens of thousands of planets, depending on the assumed planet occurrence rates. We estimate a minimum of 500 Earth-size (0.8−1.25 RE) planets, about a dozen of which would reside in a 250–500 days period bin around G stars. We find that one-third of the detected planets are around stars bright enough (V ≤11) for RV-follow-up observations. We find that a 3-yr-long observation followed by 6 two-month short observations (3+1 yr) yield roughly twice as many planets as two long observations of 2 yr (2+2 yr). The former strategy is dominated by short-period planets, while the latter is more beneficial for detecting earths in the habitable zone.
Conclusions. Of the many sources of uncertainties for the PLATO planet yield, the real occurrence rates matters most. Knowing the latter is crucial for using PLATO observations to constrain planet formation models by comparing their statistical yields.
Delivery of chemotherapeutic drug targeting folate receptor to oral cancer cells using functionalized carbon nanospheres
Authors: Bhattacharya Dwaipayan , Sakhare Kalyani , Dhiman Chhavi , Ansari Aasia , Kundu Tapas Kumar , Narayan Kumar Pranav , Banerjee Rajkumar 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Folate receptor (FR) (α) has long been the subject of active interest as regards its potential to serve as a target for cancer therapy. FR has been found to be overexpressed in several cancers, including clinical samples of different stages from OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) patients. However, no clear correlation or conclusive finding has been obtained so far which might indicate the efficacy of FR as a credible target for the treatment of OSCC. All cell lines to be used were assessed for FR-expression. Subsequently, we developed glucose-derived carbon nanospheres (CSPs) and primed them with a Folate-based cationic lipid FA8 and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). CSP based delivery systems along with pristine drug DOX were characterized and treated subsequently to in vitro cultures of OSCC cells and assessed for cancer cell targetability as well as cell death. Subsequently, treatment was administered to immunocompetent C57 mice carrying MOC2 based syngeneic OSCC tumours and assessed for tumour regression and toxicity. Ligand primed targeted CSPs exhibited commendable drug uptake as well as efficient induction of cell death. Further, receptor blocking studies revealed FR-mediated uptake, preferentially in cancer cells. Drug once delivered by ligand-primed CSPs was retained longer inside cells than pristine drug alone, indicating possibilities of better therapeutic outcome. In animal studies, CSP-FA8-DOX (Ligand primed targeted CSP) demonstrated significant regression in tumour size compared to pristine DOX as well as CSP-DOX (non-targeted CSP) treated animals. FR-mediated system CFD demonstrated targeted drug uptake and apoptotic death selectively in cancer cells. Significant tumour regression was also observed in vivo. Overall, it may be presumed that the FR is a therapeutic target with substantial potential in OSCC treatment.
On classification of a 4D competitive LV system
Authors: Wu Wenxi , Jiang Jifa 
Published: July 2023

This paper classifies the global dynamics of a 4D competitive Lotka-Volterra system (1.3) with two positive parameters

k
1

,

k
2

k_1,\ k_2

via carrying simplex. It is proved that the interior of the carrying simplex is filled with periodic orbits except equilibria and each interior trajectory is persistent and tends to either a periodic orbit or an equilibrium if

k
1

/

k
2

=
2

k_1/k_2=2

. Otherwise, the system admits two 2D carrying simplices

Δ
i

\Delta _i

on

x
1

=
i

x_1=i

for

i
=
0
,

1

i=0,\ 1

, which are filled with periodic orbits surrounding an equilibrium. All interior orbits go in the long run to

Δ
1

\Delta _1

if

k
1

/

k
2

>
2

k_1/k_2>2

. If

0
>

k
1

/

k
2

>
2

0>k_1/k_2>2

, then the system admits a bistable structure:

Δ
0

\Delta _0

and the equilibrium

R
1

(
1
+

k
2

/

k
1

,

0
,

0
,

0
)

R_1(1+k_2/k_1,\ 0,\ 0,\ 0)

are locally asymptotically stable, the attracting set of

Δ
1

\Delta _1

separates the attracting basins of

Δ
0

\Delta _0

and

R
1

R_1

.
Development of HPLC Method for Ixabepilone (Oncology Drug) in Bulk and Dosage Form: Quantification of Impurities and Forced Degradation Studies
Authors: Nekkalapudi Arjuna R , Navuluri Srinivasu , Pippalla Sreenivas , Katari Naresh K , Cholleti Vijay K , Bapatu Hanimi R 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The objective of study is to develop a new stability-indicating HPLC method for quantifying ixabepilone degradation products and known process impurities (EPO-2 and Epothilone B) in bulk and injectable dose forms. A gradient stability-indicating RP-HPLC approach was developed to determine the known impurities of ixabepilone in ixabepilone API and ixabepilone for injection. Ixabepilone was subjected to base, acid, oxidation, photolytic and thermal degradations. The gradient approach was used to optimize the mobile phase-A [pH 4.8 acetate buffer (10 mM) and acetonitrile 90:10 v/v] and mobile phase-B [pH 4.8 acetate buffer (10 mM) and acetonitrile 20:80 v/v] of a USP L1 column. A wavelength of 250 nm was chosen based on known impurities and degradation products response, with a 1.0 mL/min flow rate. In compliance with ICH criteria Q2(R1), the developed technique was validated. The stability-indicating-related impurities technique was proven to be appropriate for estimating degrading impurities and known impurities in ixabepilone API and ixabepilone injection.
Hypothetical interventions and risk of atrial fibrillation by sex and education: application of the parametric g-formula in the Tromsø Study
Authors: Nilsen Linn , Sharashova Ekaterina , Løchen Maja-Lisa , Danaei Goodarz , Wilsgaard Tom 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Aims
To use the parametric g-formula to estimate the long-term risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) by sex and education under hypothetical interventions on six modifiable risk factors.

Methods and results
We estimated the risk reduction under hypothetical risk reduction strategies for smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, body mass index, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure in 14 923 women and men (baseline mean age 45.8 years in women and 47.8 years in men) from the population-based Tromsø Study with a maximum of 22 years of follow-up (1994–2016). The estimated risk of AF under no intervention was 6.15% in women and 13.0% in men. This cumulative risk was reduced by 41% (95% confidence interval 17%, 61%) in women and 14% (−7%, 30%) in men under joint interventions on all risk factors. The most effective intervention was lowering body mass index to ≤ 25 kg/m2, leading to a 16% (4%, 25%) lower risk in women and a 14% (6%, 23%) lower risk in men. We found significant sex-differences in the relative risk reduction by sufficient physical activity, leading to a 7% (-4%, 18%) lower risk in women and an 8% (−2%, −13%) increased risk in men. We found no association between the level of education and differences in risk reduction by any of the interventions.

Conclusion
The population burden of AF could be reduced by modifying lifestyle risk factors. Namely, these modifications could have prevented 41% of AF cases in women and 14% of AF cases in men in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway during a maximum 22-year follow-up period.
Association of a Blood-Based Aging Biomarker Index With Death and Chronic Disease: Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Sanders Jason L , Boudreau Robert M , Arnold Alice M , Justice Jamie N , Espeland Mark A , Kuchel George A , Barzilai Nir , Kuller Lewis H , Lopez Oscar L , Kritchevsky Stephen B , Newman Anne B 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background
A goal of gerontology is to discover phenotypes that reflect biological aging distinct from disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers that are strongly associated with mortality could be used to define such a phenotype. However, the relation of such an index with multiple chronic conditions warrants further exploration.

Methods
A biomarker index (BI) was constructed in the Cardiovascular Health Study (N = 3 197), with a mean age of 74 years. The BI incorporated circulating levels of new biomarkers, including insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin-6, amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cystatin-C, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor 1, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose, and was built based on their relationships with mortality. Cox proportional hazards models predicting a composite of death and chronic disease involving cardiovascular disease, dementia, and cancer were calculated with 6 years of follow-up.

Results
The hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for the composite outcome of death or chronic disease per category of BI was 1.65 (1.52, 1.80) and 1.75 (1.58, 1.94) in women and men, respectively. The HR (95% CI) per 5 years of age was 1.57 (1.48, 1.67) and 1.55 (1.44, 1.67) in women and men, respectively. Moreover, BI could attenuate the effect of age on the composite outcome by 16.7% and 22.0% in women and men, respectively.

Conclusions
Biomarker index was significantly and independently associated with a composite outcome of death and chronic disease, and attenuated the effect of age. The BI that is composed of plasma biomarkers may be a practical intermediate phenotype for interventions aiming to modify the course of aging.
Temperature-dependent development of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at constant temperatures: instar pathways and stage transition models with semifield validation
Authors: Jung Jin Kyo , Kim Su Bin , Seo Bo Yoon , Kim Jiwon , Kim Dong-Soon 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Temperature-dependent development of Helicoverpa armigera (Hüber) fed with an artificial diet was studied at different temperatures. The instar pathway (IPW) defined as the number of instars prior to pupation significantly affected larval development time, with higher IPW leading to longer larval development time. The IPW was determined at the fifth instar to proceed to 6–7 IPW, when the development time of fifth instar was largely shortened. Accordingly, the development time after the fourth instar was combined (i.e., the fifth–seventh instar) as a single stage to simplify the various IPW and applied to develop phenology models. In linear models, the lower threshold temperature (LT) and thermal constant (degree-days, DD) for each stage were estimated. DD based on the common LT of 10.7 °C were 43, 287, and 191 DD for eggs, larvae, and pupae, respectively. DD model (253.6 DD with LT 10.3 °C for larvae and 181.5 DD with 11.6 °C for pupae) showed good performance in predicting the 50% occurrences of pupae and adults. In nonlinear models, stage transition (ST) models were constructed using the development rate and distribution models to simulate the proportion of individuals shifted from one stage to the next stage. The ST model showed good performance, indicating an average discrepancy of 1.74 days at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% adult emergence. Our models developed here will be useful to predict the phenology of H. armigera in the field and to construct a deterministic population model in the future.
Engineered biomaterials in stem cell-based regenerative medicine
Authors: Zhu Fei , Nie Guangjun , Liu Changsheng 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Stem cell-based regenerative therapies, which harness the self-renewal and differentiation properties of stem cells, have been in the spotlight due to their widespread applications in treating degenerative, aging, and other, generally intractable diseases. Therapeutically effective hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells have been used in numerous basic and translational studies with exciting results. However, pre-/post-transplantation issues of poor cell survival and retention, uncontrolled differentiation, and insufficient numbers of cells engrafted into host tissues are the major challenges in stem cell-based regenerative therapies. Engineered biomaterials have adjustable biochemical and biophysical properties that significantly affect cell behaviors, such as cell engraftment, survival, migration, and differentiation outcomes, thereby enhancing the engraftment of implanted stem cells and guiding tissue regeneration. Therefore, the combination of stem cell biology with bioengineered materials is a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic outcomes of stem cell-based regenerative therapy. In this review, we summarize the advances in the modulation of behaviors of stem cells via engineered biomaterials. We then present different approaches to harnessing bioengineered materials to enhance the transplantation of stem cells. Finally, we will provide future directions in regenerative therapy using stem cells.
Microalgae–material hybrid for enhanced photosynthetic energy conversion: a promising path towards carbon neutrality
Authors: Xiong Wei , Peng Yiyan , Ma Weimin , Xu Xurong , Zhao Yueqi , Wu Jinhui , Tang Ruikang 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACT
Photosynthetic energy conversion for high-energy chemicals generation is one of the most viable solutions in the quest for sustainable energy towards carbon neutrality. Microalgae are fascinating photosynthetic organisms, which can directly convert solar energy into chemical energy and electrical energy. However, microalgal photosynthetic energy has not yet been applied on a large scale due to the limitation of their own characteristics. Researchers have been inspired to couple microalgae with synthetic materials via biomimetic assembly and the resulting microalgae–material hybrids have become more robust and even perform new functions. In the past decade, great progress has been made in microalgae–material hybrids, such as photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation, photosynthetic hydrogen production, photoelectrochemical energy conversion and even biochemical energy conversion for biomedical therapy. The microalgae–material hybrid offers opportunities to promote artificially enhanced photosynthesis research and synchronously inspires investigation of biotic–abiotic interface manipulation. This review summarizes current construction methods of microalgae–material hybrids and highlights their implication in energy and health. Moreover, we discuss the current problems and future challenges for microalgae–material hybrids and the outlook for their development and applications. This review will provide inspiration for the rational design of the microalgae-based semi-natural biohybrid and further promote the disciplinary fusion of material science and biological science.
Topical coapplication of hyaluronan with transdermal drug delivery enhancers attenuates inflammatory and neuropathic pain
Authors: Bonet Ivan J.M. , Araldi Dionéia , Green Paul G. , Levine Jon D. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
We have previously shown that intradermal injection of high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (500-1200 kDa) produces localized antihyperalgesia in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In the present experiments, we studied the therapeutic effect of topical hyaluronan, when combined with each of 3 transdermal drug delivery enhancers (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], protamine or terpene), in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Topical application of 500 to 1200 kDa hyaluronan (the molecular weight range used in our previous studies employing intradermal administration), dissolved in 75% DMSO in saline, markedly reduced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) hyperalgesia, in male and female rats. Although topical 500- to 1200-kDa hyaluronan in DMSO vehicle dose dependently, also markedly, attenuated oxaliplatin chemotherapy–and paclitaxel chemotherapy–induced painful peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in male rats, it lacked efficacy in female rats. However, following ovariectomy or intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense to G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30) mRNA, CIPN in female rats was now attenuated by topical hyaluronan. Although topical coadministration of 150 to 300, 300 to 500, or 1500 to 1750 kDa hyaluronan with DMSO also attenuated CIPN, a slightly lower-molecular-weight hyaluronan (70-120 kDa) did not. The topical administration of a combination of hyaluronan with 2 other transdermal drug delivery enhancers, protamine and terpene, also attenuated CIPN hyperalgesia, an effect that was more prolonged than with DMSO vehicle. Repeated administration of topical hyaluronan prolonged the duration of antihyperalgesia. Our results support the use of topical hyaluronan, combined with chemically diverse nontoxic skin penetration enhancers, to induce marked antihyperalgesia in preclinical models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
Comparing Expectations: How Pharmacy Students View Physician Assistant and Medical Students
Authors: Hong Lisa , Milliron Mark , Thorpe Donna , Vyhmeister Kirsten 
Published: July 2023

Purpose
The aim of this prospective, perception scale study was to evaluate pharmacy student expectations and perceptions of student medical providers before and after interprofessional education (IPE).

Methods
Using pre- and postactivity surveys, the expectations and perceptions of 2 cohorts of third-year pharmacy students who worked with first-year physician assistant (PA) students and second-year medical (MD) students in an evidence-based, case-based IPE session were compared.

Results
Before engaging in the interprofessional activities, the pharmacy students' (N = 131) expectations were either similar for both student provider groups or greater for MD students. However, these expectations differed significantly from postactivity perceptions. After completion of the IPE experiences, when compared with MD students, PA students were perceived as having equal or greater knowledge of patient care (60.2 vs. 12%, P < .001), demonstrating equal or superior application of evidence-based practice (46.6 vs. 5.3%, P < .001), being equally or more collaborative (54.1 vs. 10.5%, P < .001), and being equally easy or easier to work with (69.9 vs. 10.5%, P < .001).

Conclusion
The magnitude of shift in expectations and perceptions demonstrates the value of IPE and underscores the high caliber of PA educational standards.
Reinfection incidence and risk among people treated for recent hepatitis C virus infection: the react study
Authors: Martinello Marianne , Carson Joanne M. , Van Der Valk Marc , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Ingiliz Patrick , Hellard Margaret , Nelson Mark , Lutz Thomas , Bhagani Sanjay , Kim Arthur Y. , Hull Mark , Cordes Christiane , Moon Juhi , Feld Jordan J. , Gane Ed , Rauch Andri , Bruneau Julie , Tu Elise , Applegate Tanya , Grebely Jason , Dore Gregory J. , Matthews Gail V. 
Published: July 2023

Objective:
Reinfection poses a challenge to HCV elimination. This analysis assessed incidence of, and factors associated with reinfection among people treated for recent HCV (duration of infection <12 months).

Methods:
Participants treated for recent HCV (primary infection or reinfection) in an international randomised trial were followed at three-monthly intervals for up to two years to assess for reinfection. Reinfection incidence was calculated using person-time of observation. Factors associated with HCV reinfection were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.

Results:
Of 222 participants treated for recent HCV, 196 (62% primary infection, 38% reinfection) were included in the cohort at risk for reinfection, of whom 87% identified as gay or bisexual men, 71% had HIV, and 20% injected drugs in the month prior to enrolment. During 198 person-years of follow-up, 28 cases of HCV reinfection were identified among 27 participants, for an incidence of 14.2 per 100 person-years (95%CI 9.8, 20.5). Reinfection was associated with prior HCV reinfection (aHR 2.42; 95%CI 1.08, 5.38), injection drug use post-treatment (aHR 2.53; 95%CI 1.14, 5.59), condomless anal intercourse with casual male partners (aHR 3.32; 95%CI 1.14, 9.65) and geographic region (United Kingdom, aHR 0·21; 95% CI 0.06, 0.75). Among gay and bisexual men, reinfection was also associated with sexualised drug use involving injecting post-treatment (aHR 2.97; 95%CI 1.10, 8.02).

Conclusion:
High reinfection incidence following treatment for recent HCV among people with ongoing sexual and drug use risk behaviour highlights the need for post-treatment surveillance, rapid retreatment of reinfection, and targeted harm reduction strategies.

Clinical trial registration:
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT02625909

Funding:
National Institutes of Health (R01DA040506). Study medication - Gilead Sciences Inc.