bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of developmental coordination disorder in childhood on educational outcomes in adulthood among neonatal intensive care recipients: a register-based longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Persson Isak , Sampaio Filipa , Samkharadze Tengiz , Ssegonja Richard , Johansen Kine 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) is related to poorer educational outcomes among children and adolescents. Evidence on this association into adulthood is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether probable DCD (pDCD) in childhood affected educational outcomes among adults, and whether this was affected by sex or a co-occurring attention deficit in childhood.DesignRegister-based longitudinal cohort study.SettingNeonatal intensive care (NIC) recipients born at Uppsala University Children’s Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, from 1986 to 1989 until they reached the age of 28.Participants185 NIC recipients.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAt the age of 6.5, 46 (24.6%) of the NIC recipients were diagnosed with pDCD. Using register-based longitudinal data, we compared participants with and without pDCD in terms of: (1) age at Upper Secondary School (USS) graduation, and (2) highest level of education achieved by age 28.ResultsThe median age at USS graduation was 19 years, with similar graduation ages and ranges between those with or without pDCD. However, a higher proportion of participants without pDCD had graduated from USS at ages 19 and 24. By age 29, most participants had completed USS. At age 28, 33% of participants had attained a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Although there was no significant difference between the groups, the proportion that had attained a degree was higher among those without pDCD and women without pDCD had achieved the highest level of education. Educational outcomes remained similar for those with pDCD, regardless of childhood attention deficit.ConclusionspDCD during childhood may have a lasting impact on educational outcomes, particularly among women. Raising awareness of DCD among parents, health and educational professionals is vital for early identification and the provision of appropriate support and interventions in schools, mitigating the potential negative consequences associated with DCD and promoting positive educational outcomes.
Regional variations in short stay urgent paediatric hospital admissions: a sequential mixed-methods approach exploring differences through data linkage and qualitative interviews
Authors: King Emma , Dick Smita , Hoddinott Pat , Malcolm Cari , France Emma , Kyle Richard G , Aucott Lorna , Wilson Philip , Turner Stephen 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesThe aim of this sequential mixed-methods study was to describe and understand how paediatric short stay admission (SSA) rates vary across Health Board regions of Scotland.DesignExploratory sequential mixed-methods study. Routinely acquired data for the annual (per capita) SSA to hospital were compared across the 11 regions. Five diverse regions with different SSA per capita formed cases for qualitative interviews with health professionals and parents to explore how care pathways, service features and geography may influence decisions to admit.SettingScotland.ParticipantsAll children admitted to hospital 2015–2017. Healthcare staff (n=48) and parents (n=15) were interviewed.ResultsOf 171 039 urgent hospital admissions, 92 229 were SSAs, with a fivefold variation between 14 and 69/1000 children/year across regions. SSAs were higher for children in the most deprived compared with the least deprived communities. When expressed as a ratio of highest to lowest SSA/1000 children/year for diagnosed conditions between regions, the ratio was highest (10.1) for upper respiratory tract infection and lowest (2.8) for convulsions. Readmissions varied between 0.80 and 2.52/1000/year, with regions reporting higher SSA rates more likely to report higher readmission rates (r=0.70, p=0.016, n=11). Proximity and ease of access to services, local differences in service structure and configuration, national policy directives and disparities in how an SSA is defined were recognised by interviewees as explaining the observed regional variations in SSAs. Socioeconomic deprivation was seldom spontaneously raised by professionals when reflecting on reasons to refer or admit a child. Instead, greater emphasis was placed on the wider social circumstances and parents’ capacity to cope with and manage their child’s illness at home.ConclusionSSA rates for children vary quantitatively by region, condition and area deprivation and our interviews identify reasons for this. These findings can usefully inform future care pathway interventions.
Influence of low-dose esketamine on postoperative depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer (EASE): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Wei Qingfeng , Chen Cen , Zhu Jiajia , Mei Bin , Liu Xuesheng 
Published: September 2023

IntroductionDepressive symptoms have surfaced as the principal mental health concern among patients with breast cancer, with surgical interventions potentially exacerbating these symptoms and adversely influencing clinical outcomes. This study protocol is designed to investigate the efficacy of low-dose esketamine administered perioperatively on depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer. It also aims to illuminate the potential neurobiological underpinnings of this effect.Methods and analysisThis research represents a single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The trial anticipates enrolling 108 female patients exhibiting mild-to-severe depressive symptoms who are slated for radical mastectomy. Through stratified randomisation, eligible patients will be systematically assigned to either the esketamine group (0.25 mg/kg) or placebo group (0.9% saline) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is the response rate at the third postoperative day. Secondary outcomes encompass the remission rate, depression-related scores, depression severity and safety-related endpoints. Tertiary (exploratory) outcomes involve alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and resting-state functional brain connectivity.Ethics and disseminationThe Clinical Trial Ethics Committee at The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University has conferred ethical approvals for this trial (approval number: PJ2023-05-25). Results from this trial will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and presented at professional symposiums.Trial registration numberChinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR2300071062).
Clinical-scientist-led transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE): using extended roles to improve the service
Authors: Kaye Nikki , Purdon Michael , Schofield Rebecca , Antonacci Grazia , Proudlove Nathan 
Published: September 2023

At the North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, we perform transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), a semi-invasive diagnostic test using ultrasound for high-quality heart imaging. TOE allows accurate diagnosis of serious heart problems to support high-quality clinical decision-making about treatment pathways. The procedure can be lengthy and is traditionally performed by a consultant cardiologist, who typically has multiple commitments. This constrains patient access to TOE, leading to waits from referral to test, delaying treatment decisions.In this quality improvement project, we improved access by redesigning workforce roles. The clinical scientist, who had been supporting the consultant during TOE clinics, took on performing the procedure as the main operator. We used the Model for Improvement to develop this clinical-scientist-led service-delivery model, and then test and refine it. This increased capacity and frequency of TOE clinics, reducing waits and releasing around 2 days per month of consultant time.Over five plan-do-study-act cycles, we tested six changes/refinements. Our targets were to reduce the maximum waiting time for TOE to 3 working days for inpatients and to 14 working days for outpatients. We succeeded, achieving reductions in mean waiting times from 7.7 days to 3.0 days for inpatients and from 33.2 days to 8.3 days for outpatients.TOE requires intubation; when this fails, TOE is abandoned. We believe light (rather than heavy) sedation is helpful for this intubation. We reduced sedation levels (from a median of 3 mg of midazolam to 1.5 mg) and, as a secondary outcome of this project, reduced the intubation failure rate from 13% to 0% (over 32 postchange patients).Following this project, our TOE service is usually performed by a clinical scientist in echocardiography who has British Society of Echocardiography TOE accreditation and advanced training. We have sustained the improved performance and demonstrated the value of enhanced roles for clinical scientists.
Drug dependence epidemiology in palliative care medicinal cannabis trials
Authors: Lee Chee Yen , Good Phillip , Huggett Georgie , Greer Ristan , Hardy Janet 
Published: September 2023

ObjectivesDrug dependence is becoming increasingly common and meeting palliative care patients with substance use disorders is inevitable. However, data on substance use in these patients are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of drug dependence in palliative care patients with advanced cancer and correlate with symptom distress and opioid use.MethodsPalliative care patients with advanced cancer interested in participation in a medicinal cannabis trial were required to complete Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) and record of concomitant medications including baseline opioid use as part of the eligibility screen.ResultsOf the 182 participants, 167 (92%) reported lifetime alcohol and 132/182 (73%) lifetime tobacco use. No participant reached the threshold criteria for high risk of drug dependence with majority being low risk. There was no correlation between ASSIST score, ESAS and oral morphine equivalent.ConclusionThis study identified alcohol and tobacco as the main substances used in this group of patients and that most were of very low risk for drug dependence. This suggests routine drug screening for palliative care patient may not be justified, but the high possibility of questionnaire bias is acknowledged.
Studies on RPC detectors operated with environmentally friendly gas mixtures in LHC-like conditions
Authors: Rigoletti Gianluca , Guida Roberto , Mandelli Beatrice 
Published: September 2023

AbstractResistive Plate Chambers (RPC) are gasesous detectors employed at CERN LHC experiments thanks to their trigger performance, timing capabilities and contained production costs. High Pressure Laminate RPCs are operated with a three-component gas mixture, made of 90–95% of C$$_2$$2H$$_2$$2F$$_4$$4, around 5% of i-C$$_4$$4H$$_{10}$$10and 0.3% of SF$$_6$$6. Due to the presence of leaks at detector level and to the greenhouse characteristics of C$$_2$$2H$$_2$$2F$$_4$$4and SF$$_6$$6, RPCs in ATLAS and CMS were accounting for about 87% of CO$$_2$$2equivalent emissions during LHC Run 2. To address this, several alternative gases were studied, including R-1234ze as a possible substitute for R-134a. Furthermore, the addition of some amount of CO$$_2$$2into the RPCs gas mixture was explored as a possible short-to-medium term solution to lower the total greenhouse gas emissions and reduce the usage of C$$_2$$2H$$_2$$2F$$_4$$4. A dedicated data taking campaign was performed at the Gamma Irradiation Facility at CERN, where RPCs detectors performance were studied with muon beam and gamma background. The detectors were operated with the addition of 30% and 40% and 50% of CO$$_2$$2to the standard gas mixture, together with an increased fraction of SF$$_6$$6. Two different amounts of i-C4H10 were also evaluated to assess compatibility with the CMS and ATLAS requirements. Results from these beam tests with the above-mentioned gas mixtures are reported in this work.
Axion emission from supernovae: a cheatsheet
Authors: Carenza Pierluca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSupernovae provide fascinating opportunities to study various particles and their interactions. Among these there are neutrinos, axions, and other light weakly interacting particles, which play a significant role in our understanding of fundamental physics. In this study, the focus lies on the recent advancements made in characterizing axion emission from nuclear matter within the context of supernovae. The main production mechanisms for axions coupled with nucleons, bremsstrahlung and pion-axion conversion, are extensively discussed. These findings shed light on the behavior of axions in dense and hot nuclear matter, encountered in these extreme astrophysical environments.
Energy relaxation rate and power loss density in graphene on GaAs substrate due to piezoelectric surface acoustic phonons
Authors: Arshia Khatoon S. , Ansari Meenhaz , Ashraf S. S. Z. 
Published: September 2023

Electron-piezoelectric phonon interaction provides a significant extrinsic channel for energy relaxation in a graphene sheet placed on a polar substrate. We report in this paper our analytical and numerical investigations on energy relaxation rate and power loss density in graphene sheet on a polar substrate considering the electron-piezoelectric phonon scattering channel in the Boltzmann transport approach. We overcome the earlier crude approximations made to achieve the reported analytical results and compare the obtained results for their compliance with the numerical findings for the graphene sheet on the GaAs substrate. The obtained analytical expression for energy relaxation rate is valid for all temperatures and electron energies. The analytical result for power loss density limits its validity for low electron densities [Formula: see text]. It is observed that the relaxation rate due to surface piezoelectric phonons in graphene on GaAs substrate is directly proportional to temperatures above [Formula: see text], below which temperature independence is seen. Also, it is observed that the relaxation rate is linearly dependent on electron energy, [Formula: see text] at low temperatures, and [Formula: see text] independent at high temperatures. Moreover, the relaxation rate is electron density-independent for all (low to high) temperatures. The seemingly odd (from earlier reported behavior) temperature-independent, linearly dependent [Formula: see text] and n independent relaxation rate behavior for low temperatures is attributed to the approximation used so far in the phononic statistical occupation factor in deriving the relaxation rate in the low-temperature Bloch-Gruneisen (BG) regime. In undoped graphene, we have found that the power loss behavior follows a crossover from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] behavior while moving from low [Formula: see text] to high [Formula: see text] electron temperature. This behavior contradicts the study by Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. B 87, 075443 (2013)] and M. Ansari [Physica E: Low Dimens. Syst. Nanostruct. 131, 114722 (2021)] which reported low-temperature BG behavior of [Formula: see text]. This behavior is again attributed to using BG regime approximation for statistical occupation factors. Our findings are in agreement with the experimental work by Chen et al. [Nature Nanotechnol. 3, 206 (2008)] and You et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 115, 043104 (2019)].
Targeting WNT/β-Catenin via Modulating EZH2 Function: A New Chapter in the Treatment of β-Catenin Mutant Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Authors: Hung Man Hsin , Wang Xin Wei 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In a recent study, Rialdi and colleagues identified a specific vulnerability in β-catenin mutant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via EZH2-mediated suppression of WNT signaling and revealed the selective anti-HCC activity of WNTinib, a chemical derivative of regorafenib and sorafenib in targeting this vulnerability. Their discoveries highlight the role of EZH2 in modulating WNT signaling and suggest an implication of WNTinihb as a small-molecule inhibitor for the treatment of HCC with activated WNT/β-catenin.
Clinico-Genomic Profiling of Conventional and Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcomas Reveals TP53 Mutation to Be Associated with Worse Outcomes
Authors: Denu Ryan A. , Yang Richard K. , Lazar Alexander J. , Patel Shalin S. , Lewis Valerae O. , Roszik Jason , Livingston J. Andrew , Wang Wei-Lien , Shaw Kenna R. , Ratan Ravin , Zarzour Maria A. , Bird Justin , Raza Shaan , Akdemir Kadir C. , Rodon Ahnert Jordi , Subbiah Vivek , Patel Shreyaskumar , Conley Anthony P. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract

Purpose:
Chondrosarcomas are the most common primary bone tumor in adults. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 mutations are prevalent. We aimed to assess the clinico-genomic properties of IDH mutant versus IDH wild-type (WT) chondrosarcomas as well as alterations in other genes.

Experimental Design:
We included 93 patients with conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma for which there were available clinical next-generation sequencing data. Clinical and genomic data were extracted and compared between IDH mutant and IDH WT chondrosarcomas and between TP53 mutant and TP53 WT chondrosarcomas.

Results:
IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are prevalent in chondrosarcoma (50.5%), more common in chondrosarcomas arising in the extremities, associated with higher age at diagnosis, and more common in dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas compared with grades 1–3 conventional chondrosarcoma. There was no difference in survival based on IDH mutation in univariate and multivariate analyses. TP53 mutation was the next most prevalent (41.9%) and is associated with worse overall survival and metastasis-free survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. TP53 mutation was also associated with higher risk of recurrence following curative-intent surgery and worse survival among patients that presented with de novo metastatic disease.

Conclusions:
IDH mutations are prevalent in chondrosarcoma though were not associated with survival outcomes in this cohort. TP53 mutations were the next most common alteration and were associated with worse outcomes.
A Novel Irreversible TEAD Inhibitor, SWTX-143, Blocks Hippo Pathway Transcriptional Output and Causes Tumor Regression in Preclinical Mesothelioma Models
Authors: Hillen Hanne , Candi Aurélie , Vanderhoydonck Bart , Kowalczyk Weronika , Sansores-Garcia Leticia , Kesikiadou Elena C. , Van Huffel Leen , Spiessens Lore , Nijs Marnik , Soons Erik , Haeck Wanda , Klaassen Hugo , Smets Wim , Spieser Stéphane A. , Marchand Arnaud , Chaltin Patrick , Ciesielski Fabrice , Debaene Francois , Chen Lei , Kamal Adeela , Gwaltney Stephen L. , Versele Matthias , Halder Georg A. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
The Hippo pathway and its downstream effectors, the YAP and TAZ transcriptional coactivators, are deregulated in multiple different types of human cancer and are required for cancer cell phenotypes in vitro and in vivo, while largely dispensable for tissue homeostasis in adult mice. YAP/TAZ and their main partner transcription factors, the TEAD1–4 factors, are therefore promising anticancer targets. Because of frequent YAP/TAZ hyperactivation caused by mutations in the Hippo pathway components NF2 and LATS2, mesothelioma is one of the prime cancer types predicted to be responsive to YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitor treatment. Mesothelioma is a devastating disease for which currently no effective treatment options exist. Here, we describe a novel covalent YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitor, SWTX-143, that binds to the palmitoylation pocket of all four TEAD isoforms. SWTX-143 caused irreversible and specific inhibition of the transcriptional activity of YAP/TAZ-TEAD in Hippo-mutant tumor cell lines. More importantly, YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitor treatment caused strong mesothelioma regression in subcutaneous xenograft models with human cells and in an orthotopic mesothelioma mouse model. Finally, SWTX-143 also selectively impaired the growth of NF2-mutant kidney cancer cell lines, suggesting that the sensitivity of mesothelioma models to these YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitors can be extended to other tumor types with aberrations in Hippo signaling. In brief, we describe a novel and specific YAP/TAZ-TEAD inhibitor that has potential to treat multiple Hippo-mutant solid tumor types.
Bivalirudin Versus Heparin During PCI in NSTEMI: Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Large Randomized Trials
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , Erlinge David , Valgimigli Marco , Kastrati Adnan , Han Yaling , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Stables Rod H. , Mehran Roxana , James Stefan K. , Frigoli Enrico , Goldstein Patrick , Li Yi , Shahzad Adeel , Schüpke Stefanie , Mehdipoor Ghazaleh , Chen Shmuel , Redfors Björn , Crowley Aaron , Zhou Zhipeng , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND:
The benefit:risk profile of bivalirudin versus heparin anticoagulation in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is uncertain. Study-level meta-analyses lack granularity to provide conclusive answers. We sought to compare the outcomes of bivalirudin and heparin in patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI.

METHODS:
We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis of patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction in all 5 trials that randomized ≥1000 patients with any myocardial infarction undergoing PCI to bivalirudin versus heparin (MATRIX [Minimizing Adverse Hemorrhagic Events by Transradial Access Site and Systemic Implementation of Angiox], VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART [Bivalirudin Versus Heparin in ST-Segment and Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients on Modern Antiplatelet Therapy in the Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies Registry Trial], ISAR-REACT 4 [Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment 4], ACUITY [Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy], and BRIGHT [Bivalirudin in Acute Myocardial Infarction vs Heparin and GPI Plus Heparin Trial]). The primary effectiveness and safety end points were 30-day all-cause mortality and serious bleeding.

RESULTS:

A total of 12 155 patients were randomized: 6040 to bivalirudin (52.3% with a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion), and 6115 to heparin (53.2% with planned glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use). Thirty-day mortality was not significantly different between bivalirudin and heparin (1.2% versus 1.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.24 [95% CI, 0.86–1.79];
P
=0.25). Cardiac mortality, reinfarction, and stent thrombosis rates were also not significantly different. Bivalirudin reduced serious bleeding (both access site–related and non—access site–related) compared with heparin (3.3% versus 5.5%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.48–0.72;
P
<0.0001). Outcomes were consistent regardless of use of a post-PCI bivalirudin infusion or routine lycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use with heparin and during 1-year follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI, procedural anticoagulation with bivalirudin and heparin did not result in significantly different rates of mortality or ischemic events, including stent thrombosis and reinfarction. Bivalirudin reduced serious bleeding compared with heparin arising both from the access site and nonaccess sites.