bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
About Poverty and Inequality in Japan
Authors: Lebedeva I. P. 
Published: January 2023

As a result of the ageing of the population, shifts in the structure of households, changes in the labor market in the last two to three decades, in Japan, there is a gradual strengthening of the initial income disparity, as well as some increase in the relative poverty rate. However, through the mechanisms of redistribution of income embedded in the social security system and tax system, as well as through the provision of material support to the least protected segments of the population, the state has managed to restrain these processes. The measures taken to support families with children in recent years have been particularly important. They made it possible to reduce the rate of relative child poverty and keep income inequality among this group of families at a relatively low level.Obviously, current income, by which the level of relative poverty and income inequality are measured, cannot clearly indicate that a family or a particular person live in poverty. In addition to the current income, the standard of living also depends on the amount of financial savings, the availability of real estate, the possession of securities, etc. For example, older citizens, who are among the least well-off in terms of current income, have the largest share of the country’s accumulated financial assets. The results of opinion polls conducted annually by the Prime Minister’s Cabinet Office show that the changes taking place in the country have not led to the transformation of the Japanese “middle-class society” into a “divided society”.For more than half a century, the absolute majority of the Japanese, about 90 percent, when asked how they would rate their families’ standard of living, chose the answer “middle level”. At the same time, in the composition of the middle class, there was a shift towards the increasing share of the more well-off (middle and higher) strata. In general, Japanese society remains healthy and prosperous. As for poverty, unlike Russia, where it is a consequence of blatant social injustice and extreme social contrasts, in Japan, in our opinion, it is not systemic and arises as a result of some particularly unfavorable, exceptional circumstances in which a family or a person find themselves.
Pengendalian Gulma Paku di Areal Gambut Menggunakan Beberapa Jenis Bahan Aktif Herbisida
Authors: Kusumaningsih Kartirahayu , Saputra Setiaji Heri , Muhardi  
Published: January 2023

Fern weeds control with chemical herbicide in peat area is one solution to overcome weeds competition against cultivated plants at timber estate. Type of active component and solution concentrate of herbicide are effect on weed control result. The purpose of this research are to know weed species and its density, and effect of active component type and solution concentration of herbicide against weed mortality percentage and weed mortality start time. Results of the research showed that Stenochlaena palustris weed was dominated at peat area with 3.986/Ha density. Ammonium Glufosinat herbicide with 1,6% solution concentration was effective to control fern weeds with 100% weed mortality and start time of weed mortality was 3 days after herbicide application.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Topik Energi dan Perubahannya
Authors: Khairani Nilam 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dengan pendekatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA tentang energi dan perubahannya tentang sumber dan bentuk energi di kelas III B SD Negeri Kaung Luwuk Bogor melalui penerapan model model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III B di SD Negeri Kawung Luwuk sebanyak 29 siswa, dengan komposisi perempuan 13 siswa dan laki-laki 16 siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan dua siklus. Setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Teknik dan alat pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif terhadap data berupa dokumen hasil pekerjaan siswa, daftar nilai dan lembaran observasi Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di Kelas III B SD Negeri Kawung Luwuk Bogor. Sebelum menggunakan Model Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) hasil belajar peserta didik hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata 66,72 kemudian terjadi peningkatan setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) menjadi 73,62 pada siklus 1 dan 81,72 pada siklus 2. Oleh karena itu penerapan Model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) yang disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik.
HUBUNGAN KECERDASAN EMOSIONAL DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM
Authors: Muhajang Tatang 
Published: January 2023

Tujuan penelitianÂ ini untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional dengan prestasi belajar pendidikan agama Islam di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Ciheuleut 2 Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan study korelasional. Instrumen penelitian sebelum digunakan diuji melalui uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis diperolehÂ hasil penelitian, yang dapat menjawab hipotesis yang diajukanÂ yaitu terdapat hubungan antara kecerdasan emosional denganÂ prestasi belajar siswa. Hasil analisis korelasi menggunakan product moment menunjukan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,9. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya korelasi yang tinggi antara kecerdasan emosional dengan prestasi belajar siswa dan arah yang positif. Artinya jikaÂ kecerdasan emosionalÂ pada diri siswa tinggi maka prestasi belajar siswa pun akan tinggi dan sebaliknya.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENGUASAAN KONSEP PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DENGAN PERILAKU RAMAH LINGKUNGAN
Authors: Yunnanda Anggita , Kurniasih Surti , Retnowati Rita 
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Mixed Methods Explanatory kuantitatif-kualitatif yang terdiri dari variabel bebas yaitu penguasaan konsep pengelolaan sampah (X) dan variabel terikat yaitu perilaku ramah lingkungan siswa di SMK Wikrama Bogor (Y). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan antara penguasaan konsep pengelolaan sampah dengan perilaku ramah lingkungan siswa di SMK Wikrama Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Juli 2016 dengan populasi siswa SMK Wikrama Bogor tahun akademik 2015/2016 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Multistage Random Sampling, dengan kriteria Slovin. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan melalui perhitungan statistik deskriptif, uji prasyarat yaitu uji normalitas menggunakan uji Liliefors dan homogenitas menggunakan uji Bartlett serta pengujian hipotesis data menggunakan teknik regresi linier sederhana dan statistik korelasi. Diperoleh nilai koefisien korelasi (r) = 0,403 dan hasil uji-t pada taraf signifikan a = 0,05 menunjukan thitung = 4,764 dan ttabel = 1,984, sehingga nilai thitung lebih besar dari ttabel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan positif yang kurang erat antara penguasaan konsep pengelolaan sampah dengan perilaku ramah lingkungan siswa di SMK Wikrama Bogor. Hasil penelitian kualitatif diperoleh dua faktor yang menyebabkan kurang eratnya hubungan yaitu faktor dalam diri dan lingkungan luar sekolah. Adapun faktor yang diperkirakan memiliki hubungan erat dengan perilaku ramah lingkungan siswa adalah kebijakan sekolah berupa hukuman dan konsistensi guru.
Kamışsı Yumak (Festuca arundinacea L. Debussy) Türünde Azot (N) Dozlarının Çim Kalitesi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: GÖKCE Vural , HOSAFLIOĞLU İbrahim , AKDENİZ Hakkı 
Published: January 2023

Bu araştırma, 2017 yılı Mayıs-Ekim döneminde, Iğdır Üniversitesi Tarımsal Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezinde, kamışsı yumak (Festuca arundinacea L. var. Debussy) türünde farklı azot (N) dozlarının çim kalitesi gibi beş özellik (kaplama oranı, yeşil ot miktarı, bitki boyu, yeşil renk tonu ve çim kalitesi), incelenmiştir. Ekimden önce bütün parsellere 2 m x 1 m = m2’ye 8 g saf fosfor (TSP) formunda verilmiş, sekiz azot dozu (Kontrol, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ve 7 g/m-2/ay) ve 3 tekerrürlü olmak üzere 24 parselde, Tesadüf Blokları Deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Ekimde parsel boyutları kadar dikdörtgen bir tahta kasa hazırlanarak, 40 g/m² tohum elle serpilmiş, 1 cm kalınlığında kapak toprağı, hacim esasına göre (kum, tarla toprağı ve yanmış hayvan gübresi karışımı), kullanılarak, tohumun toprakla temasını kolaylaştırmak için parsellerin üzeri silindirle bastırılmıştır. Ekimden deneme sonuna kadar, bitkinin ihtiyacı olan su tarla kapasitesine göre, fıskiye ile sulanmıştır.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre dikkate alındığında, aylık m2’ye 4 g dan başlayarak 7 g’a kadar değerler azalan oranda yükselmiştir. Ancak, 4 g azot dozundan sonra çok fazla bir kalite artışı bariz bir şekilde ortaya çıkmadığından, sürdürülebilir çim kültürü açısından aylık 4 g azot dozunun Festuca arundinacea L. Debussy için ideal olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Middle Paleolithic of the Gobi Altai
Authors: Arina M. Khatsenovich , Evgeny P Rybin , Dashzeveg Bazargur , Yadmaa Tserendagva , Daria V. Marchenko , Byambaa Gunchinsuren , John W. Olsen , Antoly P. Derevyanko 
Published: January 2023

Stratified Middle Paleolithic industries in Mongolia are mostly known from final Middle Paleolithic complexes in the Orkhon and Kharganyn Gol valleys in the north-central part of the country, while Middle Paleolithic complexes from Tsagaan Agui have not attracted as much attention. Re-analysis of archaeological collections made during excavations of Tsagaan Agui Cave in 1987–1989 have made it possible to define transitional and index tool types as well as systems of primary flaking. More recent excavations of Tsagaan Agui place the lithic complexes identified there in the 1980s into a more refined chronological sequence. Preliminary technological and typological analyses indicate a non-Levallois Mousterian character for the Middle Paleolithic industry at Tsagaan Agui Cave. Here, we attempt to identify analogies of this industry in Siberia and eastern Asia.
Говийн Алтайн дунд палеолитын үе
Товчлол. Монголын дунд палеолитын үеийн соёлт давхарга бүхий дурсгалууд тухайн үеийн төгсгөлийн шатанд хамаарах Орхон гол, Харганын голын сав дагуух суурингуудаар илэрхийлэгддэг. Цагаан агуйн дунд палеолитын үед хамаарах давхаргаас гарсан олдворууд удаан хугацааны туршид судлаачдын анхааралд өртөлгүй орхигдсон байна. Тус агуйд 1987-1989 онд хийсэн малтлагын явцад олдсон олдворуудыг дахин нягтлан үзэх явцад өгүүлэн буй үеийг төдийгүй шилжилтийн үеийг илтгэн харуулах олдвор, зэвсгийн зүйлс гарч ирсэн бөгөөд тэдгээрээр анхдагч цуулалтын явцыг сэргээн харах боломжтой болсон. Цагаан агуйд шинээр хийж буй судалгааны явцад 1980-аад оны үед олдсон эдгээр олдворыг агуулан байсан давхаргын он цагийг нарийвчлан тогтоох боломжийг олгох нь гарцаагүй билээ. Олдвор хэрэглэгдэхүүнийг үйлдсэн арга, төрөл зүйн үүднээс нь харахад леваллуагийн бус мустьен үйлдвэрлэлийн аргаар хийгджээ хэмээн урьдчилсан байдлаар таамаглаж болохоор байна. Тус өгүүлэлд чулуун зэвсгийн үйлдвэрлэлийн энэхүү аргаар хийгдсэн бусад дурсгалтай харьцуулсан судалгааг хөндөн авч үзлээ. 2021 оны Цагаан агуйн малтлага судалгаа нь урьд өмнө судлагдаагүй хойд хэсгийг судлахдаа байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны цогц шинжилгээ хийх өргөн боломж байгааг батлан харууллаа.Түлхүүр үгс: Цагаан агуй, дунд палеолит, леваллуагийн бус мустье, чулуун зэвсгийн үйлдвэрлэл
Qutluq qaghan’s Altar and Monument
Authors: Altangerel Enkhtur , Kydyrali Darkhan , Bazylkhan Napil , Bogenbayev Nurbolat , Tserenkhand Buyankhishig , Gonchig Batbold , Sarantuya Dalantai 
Published: January 2023

International Turkic Academy and the Mongolian Academy of Sciences jointly carried out archeological excavation at nine burial sites, which date back to the old Turkic period, in the Nomgon valley in Khashaat soum, Arkhangai aimag (province) in 2019-2022. During the “Nomgon-2” excavations, we conclude that the burial site was dedicated to the restorer of the Second Turkic empire, Elteris, who reigned as Qutluq Qaghan in 682-692, the father of Bilge Qaghan and Kültegin. The capped head and lower part of the Qaghan statue, two smaller pieces of a stone head statue, two stone statues of sheep, a stone statue of a lion with two cubs, roof ceramics, surface ceramics, bricks, a sacred square stone with a center hole, and other historical objects have been found from the sacred sites. At the sacred site’s зэл чулуунаас the seal of the “eshir” (Ashina) royal dynasty was found. The discovery of this stone stele with inscriptions is significant for global nomadic civilization and Turkic studies. During the archeological excavations, it is found for the very first time that the stele, of which two wolves and lotus are inscribed in the upper part, with inscriptions in Old Turkic, Sogdian, and Brahmi scripts. In particular, “Qutluq Qaghan” is clearly written in Old Turkic and Sogdian.
Товчлол. Монгол улсын ШУА-ийн Археологийн хүрээлэн, Олон Улсын Түрэг Академи хамтран 2019, 2022 онд Архангай аймгийн Хашаат сумын Номгоны хөндийд эртний Түрэгийн үеийн тахилын онгон цогцолборт археологийн хайгуул, малтлага судалгааг хийсэн юм. «Номгон-2» тахилын онгон цогцолборт хийсэн малтлагын явцад Түрэгийн хожуу хаант улсыг сэргээн тохинуулагч Кутлук хаанд зориулсан дурсгал болох нь тодорхой болсон. Кутлук «Элтэрис» хаан нь алдарт Билгэ хаан, Күлтегин жанжины эцэг юм. Малтлагаар хүн чулуун хөшөөний малгайтай толгойн болон доод хэсэг, хүн чулууны хоёр толгойн хугархай, хоёр чулуун хонь, хоёр гүентэй чулуун арслан, дээврийн ваар, нүүр ваар, тоосго, дундаа нүхтэй тахилын шоо чулуу зэрэг эд өлгийн зүйлийг илрүүлсэн юм. Мөн зэл чулуунаас «эшир» (ашина) аймгийн янгир тамга олдсон. Нүүдлчдийн түүхэнд тэр тусмаа Түрэг судлалын хувьд бичээстэй гэрэлт хөшөө шинээр олдож байгаа нь онцгой шинэ нээлт болж байна. Археологийн малтлагын явцад гэрэлт хөшөөний дээд хэсэгт нь хос чоно, бадамлянхуа цэцгийн дүрс сийлсэн бөгөөд эртний Түрэг, Согд, Брахми бичгээр сийлсэн хос хэлний бичээс бүхий гэрэлт хөшөө анх удаа олдож байгаа юм. «Кутлук каган» гэсэн бичээс нь эртний Түрэг, Согд бичгийн хэсэгт хос хэлээр тод бичигджээ.
Кутлуг хааны тахилын онгон цогцолбор, гэрэлт хөшөө
Түлхүүр үгс: Кутлук каган, Елтерис каган, эртний Түрэг бичиг, Согд бичиг, Брахми бичиг, гэрэлт хөшөө, эртний түрэгийн тахилын онгон цогцолбор, чулуун арслан, чулуун хонь, шоо чулуу, дээврийн нүүр ваар, тоосго
Research of Mongol graves in Uvur Delger Mountain
Authors: Natsag Batbold , Sanjperlee Enkhbold , Davaasuren Mandakh 
Published: January 2023

In 2020, as part of the custom project “Nobility of the Mongolian Empire”, the field research department of the Institute of Archeology of the MAS, in 2020, excavated 8 graves related to the Mongol period in Uvur Delger Mountain in the Sumber Sum area of Govsumber Province. Human and animal bones were found. Based on the study of animal bones, the authors tried to explain the meaning of the anklets found in Mongol graves in connection with the idiom “grandson to hold mouth”. Also, this article discusses the use of horse bones in the burial rituals of that time, and the fact that the practice of horse bones has been handed down since the Bronze Age.
Өвөр дэлгэр уулын монгол булшны судалгаа
Товчлол. “Монголын эзэнт гүрний язгууртан” захиалгат төслийн хүрээнд ШУА-ийн Археологийн хүрээлэнгийн хээрийн шинжилгээний анги 2020 онд Говьсүмбэр аймгийн Сүмбэр сумын нутагт орших Өвөр дэлгэр ууланд Монголын үед холбогдох 8 булш малтан судалж сумны зэв, төмөр хайч, төмөр илүүр зэрэг олдвор илрүүлснээс гадна булш тус бүрээс хүн, малын яс илэрч олджээ. Зохиогчид малын ясны судалгаанд тулгуурлан Монгол булшинд дагалдуулдаг шагайт чөмөгний учир холбогдлыг “ам барих ач” гэдэг хэлц үгтэй холбон тайлбарлах оролдлого хийсэн байна. Мөн энэ өгүүлэлд тухайн үеийн оршуулгын зан үйлд адууны ясаар тахил үйлдэж байсан талаар авч үзсэн байна.
Түлхүүр үгс: Өвөр дэлгэр уул, Монгол булш, малтлага судалгаа, шагайт чөмөг, малын яс
Review of threats and implementation of the Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of Marine Mammals in the Wider Caribbean Region
Authors: Borobia Monica , Vail Courtney , Pusineri Claire , Conruyt Géraldine 
Published: January 2023

The Action Plan for the Conservation of Marine Mammals in the Wider Caribbean Region (MMAP) was adopted in 2008 by Contracting Parties under the Protocol concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) of the Cartagena Convention, administered by the United Nations Environment Programme (UN Environment). After more than a decade of MMAP-related programmatic work under SPAW, this paper presents a synthesis of major threats to marine mammals in the Region and an assessment of progress achieved by the 17 Contracting Parties to the SPAW Protocol toward achieving implementation of the MMAP and based upon a scientific and technical analysis conducted in 2020. The country assessment focused on 11 threat categories (indicators), along with two additional indicators relating to country legislation and national action plans. As part of this scientific and technical analysis, surveys were sent to SPAW Contracting Party focal points and individual interviews were conducted with key regional organizations and experts. For every SPAW Contracting Party, each indicator was assigned a relative level of its current intensity (Low, Moderate, High, or Unknown). A similar scheme was utilized to represent each country’s response to that threat. The results highlighted those threats that were of concern for several countries and hence may be considered a management priority at the regional scale. In terms of threat mitigation, these priorities are: interaction between marine mammals and fisheries, pollution, and acoustic disturbance. Regarding needs, the development of national marine mammal action plans, as well as the implementation of research and monitoring programmes dedicated to marine mammals, should be considered a priority. Finally, two threats were found to be of high priority for knowledge enhancement: acoustic disturbance and vessel strikes. It is important to note that this review was not intended to single out insufficient country effort, but rather assist Wider Caribbean countries to identify threats and/or issue areas which would benefit from attention.
Reacciones adversas y vacunación contra COVID-19 en adultos diabéticos.
Authors: Indio Quimis Jefferson Antonio , Indio Quimis Jhonny Joel , Zambrano Macías Coralía 
Published: January 2023

El desencadenamiento pandémico ha dejado un sinnúmero de afecciones causado por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, la cual afecta a todo tipo de personas sin distinción social, ubicación geográfica o calidad de vida, sin embargo, la presencia de comorbilidades como la diabetes mellitus, mantiene una relación más directa desde infecciones asintomáticas a complicaciones graves o letales como síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda, falla multiorgánica e incluso desenlaces como la muerte. Se realizó una revisión sistemática por medio de bases de datos científicas SciELO, Elsevier, Redalyc, además de páginas oficiales de organización especializada en salud pública como la OMS, OPS, MSP del Ecuador, entre otros. El objetivo principal fue identificar las reacciones adversas relacionadas a la vacunación contra COVID-19 en adultos diabéticos.
Se observó en la mayoría de las fuentes, la existencia de efectos adversas, siendo un porcentaje mínimo que van desde dolor en la zona localizada de la punción hasta complicaciones como cetoacidosis diabética y síndrome hiperglucémico hiperosmolar posterior a la vacunación contra el coronavirus en adultos diabéticos, a su vez se vincula la eficacia que tienen las vacunas suministradas en la población estudiada y por ende, se investiga la morbimortalidad de este proceso de inmunidad en dicho población de estudio en esta investigación.
El aporte académico que este proyecto evidencia, toma importancia ante la relación de las variables en estudio, siendo concluyentes a la escala de este grupo vulnerable y el control ante la inmunización por vacunas contra el COVID-19 ante los efectos que producen.
Restauración de humedales en zonas áridas: nuevo registro de Gallineta Chica (Rallus antarcticus) en el Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados de Jaramillo, Santa Cruz, Argentina
Authors: Testoni Daniel , Rodríguez-Planes Lucía , Subires Samanta , Pisentini Federico , Lopez Renda Nicolás , Del Río Matías , Dalmaso Arnaldo , Malmierca Laura 
Published: January 2023

Los humedales de la Patagonia semiárida austral representan verdaderos oasis en la estepa que son usados por aves mi- gratorias. Los caballos asilvestrados que invaden la región impactan negativamente estos ambientes frágiles, conduciendo a su pérdida y la de su biodiversidad. Una de las especies afectadas es la Gallineta Chica (Rallus antarcticus), un rálido en peligro de extinción del que poco se sabe sobre su biología y ecología. En el Parque Nacional Bosques Petrificados se registró la especie en el pequeño humedal “El Cuadro” con regularidad hasta 2008. La degradación provocada por caballos asilvestrados prácticamente desertificó el sector. La Gallineta se registró ocasionalmente entre 2013 y 2017, y no volvió a verse ni oírse desde entonces. En 2020 se inició un proyecto de restauración que, en una temporada, permitió recuperar la cobertura vegetal del humedal. Durante el invierno de 2021 se registró y confirmó la reaparición de la Gallineta Chica en El Cuadro.
Consumer Perceptions, Preferences and Awareness Towards Potential Geographical Indication of Products in Tanzania
Authors: John Innocensia 
Published: January 2023

This paper assesses consumer awareness, preference and perception of high-quality products from information provided in the market, and on the labels for coffee and rice products in Mbeya and Kilimanjaro regions of Tanzania. This paper is a part of a study that was established to understand the potential of geographical indication protection in Tanzania, which looked at producers, sellers, and consumers. The study collected data from a sample of 130 consumers: 58 and 72 rice and coffee consumers, respectively. A mixed method approach was used to analyse data; specifically a logit model was used to understand the determinants of consumers awareness; and providing a clear description of the different factors that determine consumers’ preferences and perceptions. The results showed that 62% of the consumers had awareness of the different qualities they seek in a product. Price and label/brand information were found to be the main factors influencing and signalling the preferences and perceptions of consumers to high-quality products.
JEL Classification Q18, D18, L15,