bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Plasma Metabolic Profile on Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness With Mortality and Common Diseases
Authors: Yang Shaopeng , Zhu Zhuoting , Yuan Yixiong , Chen Shida , Shang Xianwen , Bulloch Gabriella , He Mingguang , Wang Wei 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe neural retina is considered a unique window to systemic health, but its biological link with systemic health remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the independent associations of retinal ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer thickness (GCIPLT) metabolic profiles with rates of mortality and morbidity of common diseases.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study evaluated UK Biobank participants enrolled between 2006 and 2010, and prospectively followed them up for multidisease diagnosis and mortality. Additional participants from the Guangzhou Diabetes Eye Study (GDES) underwent optical coherence tomography scanning and metabolomic profiling and were included for validation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSystematic analysis of circulating plasma metabolites to identify GCIPLT metabolic profiles; prospective associations of these profiles with mortality and morbidity of 6 common diseases with their incremental discriminative value and clinical utility.ResultsAmong 93 838 community-based participants (51 182 [54.5%] women), the mean (SD) age was 56.7 (8.1) years and mean (SD) follow-up was 12.3 (0.8) years. Of 249 metabolic metrics, 37 were independently associated with GCIPLT, including 8 positive and 29 negative associations, and most were associated with the rates of future mortality and common diseases. These metabolic profiles significantly improved the models for discriminating type 2 diabetes over clinical indicators (C statistic: 0.862; 95% CI, 0.852-0.872 vs clinical indicators only, 0.803; 95% CI, 0.792-0.814; P &amp;lt; .001), myocardial infarction (0.792; 95% CI, 0.775-0.808 vs 0.768; 95% CI, 0.751-0.786; P &amp;lt; .001), heart failure (0.803; 95% CI, 0.786-0.820 vs 0.790; 95% CI, 0.773-0.807; P &amp;lt; .001), stroke (0.739; 95% CI, 0.714-0.764 vs 0.719; 95% CI, 0.693-0.745; P &amp;lt; .001), all-cause mortality (0.747; 95% CI, 0.734-0.760 vs 0.724; 95% CI, 0.711-0.738; P &amp;lt; .001), and cardiovascular disease mortality (0.790; 95% CI, 0.767-0.812 vs 0.763; 95% CI, 0.739-0.788; P &amp;lt; .001). Additionally, the potential of GCIPLT metabolic profiles for risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases were further confirmed in the GDES cohort using a different metabolomic approach.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this prospective study of multinational participants, GCIPLT-associated metabolites demonstrated the potential to inform mortality and morbidity risks. Incorporating information on these profiles may facilitate individualized risk stratification for these health outcomes.
Association of 5α-Reductase Inhibitor Prescription With Bladder Cancer Progression in Males in South Korea
Authors: An Min Ho , Kim Min Seo , Kim Chungsoo , Noh Tae Il , Joo Kwan Joong , Lee Dong Hun , Yi Kyu-Ho , Kwak Jeong Woo , Hwang Tae-Ho , Park Rae Woong , Kang Seok Ho 
Published: May 2023

ImportanceThe antiandrogenic effect of the 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) has been investigated for its role in preventing male-predominant cancers. Although 5-ARI has been widely associated with prostate cancer, its association with urothelial bladder cancer (BC), another cancer experienced predominantly by males, has been less explored.ObjectiveTo assess the association between 5-ARI prescription prior to BC diagnosis and reduced risk of BC progression.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study analyzed patient claims data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The nationwide cohort included all male patients with BC diagnosis in this database from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2019. Propensity score matching was conducted to balance the covariates between 2 treatment groups: α-blocker only group and 5-ARI plus α-blocker group. Data were analyzed from April 2021 to March 2023.ExposureNewly dispensed prescriptions of 5-ARIs at least 12 months prior to cohort entry (BC diagnosis), with a minimum of 2 prescriptions filled.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the risks of bladder instillation and radical cystectomy, and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. To compare the risk of outcomes, the hazard ratio (HR) was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model and difference in restricted mean survival time analysis.ResultsThe study cohort initially included 22 845 males with BC. After propensity score matching, 5300 patients each were assigned to the α-blocker only group (mean [SD] age, 68.3 [8.8] years) and 5-ARI plus α-blocker group (mean [SD] age, 67.8 [8.6] years). Compared with the α-blocker only group, the 5-ARI plus α-blocker group had a lower risk of mortality (adjusted HR [AHR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.91), bladder instillation (crude HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92), and radical cystectomy (AHR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.88). The differences in restricted mean survival time were 92.6 (95% CI, 25.7-159.4) days for all-cause mortality, 88.1 (95% CI, 25.2-150.9) days for bladder instillation, and 68.0 (95% CI, 31.6-104.3) days for radical cystectomy. The incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 85.59 (95% CI, 80.53-90.88) for bladder instillation and 19.57 (95% CI, 17.41-21.91) for radical cystectomy in the α-blocker only group and 66.43 (95% CI, 62.22-70.84) for bladder instillation and 13.56 (95% CI, 11.86-15.45) for radical cystectomy in the 5-ARI plus α-blocker group.Conclusions and relevanceResults of this study suggest an association between prediagnostic prescription of 5-ARI and reduced risk of BC progression.
Allostatic load and risk of all‐cause, cancer‐specific, and cardiovascular mortality in older cancer survivors: An analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010
Authors: Yang Danting , Wheeler Meghann , Karanth Shama D. , Aduse‐Poku Livingstone , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Anton Stephen , Guo Yi , Bian Jiang , Liang Muxuan , Yoon Hyung‐Suk , Akinyemiju Tomi , Braithwaite Dejana , Zhang Dongyu 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundAllostatic load (AL) has been linked to an increased risk of death in various populations. However, to date, there is no research specifically investigating the effect of AL on mortality in older cancer survivors.AimsTo investigate the association between AL and mortality in older cancer survivors.MethodA total of 1291 adults aged 60 years or older who survived for ≥1 year since cancer diagnoses were identified from the 1999 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. AL was the exposure of interest incorporating nine clinical measures/biomarkers; one point was added to AL if any of the measures/biomarkers exceeded the normal level. The sum of points was categorized as an ordinal variable to reflect low, moderate, and high ALs. Our outcomes of interest were all‐cause, cancer‐specific, and cardiovascular disease–specific mortality. Death was identified by linkage to the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality by AL category.ResultsOverall, 53.6% of participants were male and 78.4% were white. The mean age of study participants at interview was 72.8 years (standard deviation = 7.1). A total of 546 participants died during the follow‐up (median follow‐up time: 8.0 years). Among them, 158 died of cancer, and 106 died of cardiovascular events. Results from multivariable Cox proportional hazards models showed that higher ALS was positively associated with higher all‐cause mortality (ALS = 4–9 vs. ALS = 0–1: aHR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.17–1.98, p‐trend < 0.01) and higher cancer‐specific mortality (ALS = 4–9 vs. ALS = 0–1: aHR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.12–2.90, p‐trend = 0.01). The association between ALS and cardiovascular mortality was positive but nonsignificant (ALS = 4–9 vs. ALS = 0–1: aHR = 1.59, 95% CI = 0.86–2.94, p‐trend = 0.11).ConclusionsOur study suggests that older cancer survivors can have a higher risk of death if they have a high burden of AL.
A Simple Poly(Vinyl Sulfonate) Coating for All‐Purpose, Self‐Cleaning Applications: Molecular Packing Density–Defined Surface Superhydrophilicity
Authors: Wang Rong , Cheng Chongling , Wang Huiyun , Tao Qi , Wang Dayang 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIn this study, poly(vinyl sulfonate) (PVS)–capped surfaces are constructed on the polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(styrene sulfonate) via electrostatic assembly. The water wetting behavior on the resulting PVS‐capped PEMs is meticulously correlated with the number of surface sulfonate groups with the aid of sum frequency generation spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance. It is found that when the molecular packing density of surface sulfonate groups is adjusted to be comparable to the maximal packing density of spheres in two dimensions (≈0.9), the PVS capping is able to effectively adsorb water molecules from the surrounding to form hydrogen‐bonded networks, which not only promote complete surface wetting by water in air but also diminish surface affinity to adhesion of ice, oil and wax deposited atop. As a result, the PVS‐capped PEMs are able to fulfil all the self‐cleaning functions proposed for superhydrophilic surfaces including anti‐fogging, anti‐icing, anti‐grease, anti‐smudge, anti‐graffiti, and anti‐wax. After being coated with the self‐cleaning PVS‐capped PEMs, conventional stainless steel meshes are able to perform oil‐water separation without prior water wetting.
Flexible Solution‐Processable Black‐Phosphorus‐Based Optoelectronic Memristive Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing and Artificial Visual Perception Applications
Authors: Kumar Dayanand , Li Hanrui , Das Uttam Kumar , Syed Abdul Momin , El‐Atab Nazek 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBeing renowned for operating with visible‐light pulses and electrical signals, optoelectronic memristive synaptic devices have excellent potential for neuromorphic computing systems and artificial visual information processing. Here, a flexible back‐end‐of‐line‐compatible optoelectronic memristor based on a solution‐processable black phosphorus/HfOx bilayer with excellent synaptic features, toward biomimetic retinas is presented. The device shows highly stable synaptic features such as long‐term potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD) for repetitive 1000 epochs, having 400 conductance pulses, each. The device presents advanced synaptic features in terms of long‐term memory (LTM)/short term memory (STM), as well as learning–forgetting–relearning when visible light is induced on it. These advanced synaptic features can improve the information processing abilities for neuromorphic applications. Interestingly, the STM can be converted into LTM by adjusting the intensity of light and illumination time. Using the light‐induced characteristics of the device, a 6 × 6 synaptic array is developed to exhibit possible use in artificial visual perception. Moreover, the devices are flexed using a silicon back‐etching process. The resulting flexible devices demonstrate stable synaptic features when bent down to 1 cm radius. These multifunctional features in a single memristive cell make it highly suitable for optoelectronic memory storage, neuromorphic computing, and artificial visual perception applications.
Performance Study of Graphene Oxide as an Antierosion Coating for Ornamental and Heritage Dolostone
Authors: Martínez‐García Rebeca , González‐Campelo David , Fraile‐Fernández Fernando J. , Castañón Ana María , Caldevilla Pablo , Giganto Sara , Ortiz‐Marqués Almudena , Zelli Flavia , Calvo Víctor , González‐Domínguez José M. , Fernández‐Raga María 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConcern for the perpetuation of stone monuments is deeply ingrained in humans; however, despite the attempts made in this field, there is still a great deal of effort needed to bring about advancements in the conservation of ornamental stone. Erosive agents, such as rain, extreme temperatures, and chemical and biological agents, threaten our stone heritage and gradually wear away buildings, sculptures, and other monuments found all around the world. Limestone and dolostone have been widely used throughout history, given their ease of extraction and workability. Nevertheless, these properties make them particularly vulnerable to the aforementioned erosive agents, for which the main solution at present is costly and time‐consuming restoration. Given the scarcity of effective and durable agents to prevent the deterioration of ornamental and heritage stones, and as graphene oxide (GO) has recently shown impressive effectiveness for this task, this work will further explore the viability of GO as a protective coating for monumental dolostone. For this purpose, GO is sprayed over dolostone surfaces by water dispersion with no adjuvants. The coating performance is assessed in terms of thermal stress, optical inspection (structured light 3D scanner), colorimetry, leachate analysis, and electron microscopy. The main results show that spray‐coated GO over stone surfaces creates a highly protective and durable barrier without altering their aesthetic qualities.
Implantable Sensors for Post‐Surgical Monitoring of Vascular Complications
Authors: Zhao Binfan , Eid Loy , Zhang Yuguang , Sun Xiaoming , Cui Wenguo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractFor surgeries involving vessel anastomosis, it is critical to ensure fluent blood flow and to monitor the occurrence of vascular complications. However, the current clinical methods are ineffective in achieving direct, continuous, and accurate monitoring. At present, implantable sensors are widely used and explored in various biomedical applications, including cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, cancer treatment, and health monitoring. They can be easily placed during surgical procedures and offer irreplaceable advantages including directness, continuity, and higher accuracy of monitoring. Based on this, the types of implantable sensors for vascular monitoring are reviewed, and some preclinical research advances which are expected to provide promising methods for post‐surgical vascular complications are discussed. In the end, the future perspectives of the research of implantable sensors for post‐surgical monitoring are put forward. It is believed that implantable sensors hold great promise in clinical translation, providing physicians with more accurate, continuous, and real‐time monitoring results, helping to improve surgical success and patient outcomes.
Dynamical Numerical Model of the Molluscan Radula in its Interaction with the Substrate and Food Particles
Authors: Filippov Alexander E. , Gorb Stanislav N. , Kovalev Alexander E. , Krings Wencke 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe radula, a chitinous membrane with teeth, is the molluscan autapomorphy for food gathering and processing. Even though this structure is studied for decades, the interplay between the structure and the particular food or/and the substrate remains mostly enigmatic. Here, we provide a numerical model approach to understand the relationship between structure, feeding efficiency, and partial work performed by the system. This first simple dynamic numerical radular model interacts with the food particles and the uneven substrate. This protocol can be applied to any system in the future, as the parameters (interaction between structures, adhesion, size of food particles, attachment angle of teeth to membrane, etc.) can be easily altered. This will shed light on the biomechanical adaptations of this feeding structure (e.g., wear and failure prevention) to the specific environment.
Organic Memristor‐Based Flexible Neural Networks with Bio‐Realistic Synaptic Plasticity for Complex Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Kim Hyeongwook , Kim Miseong , Lee Aejin , Park Hea‐Lim , Jang Jaewon , Bae Jin‐Hyuk , Kang In Man , Kim Eun‐Sol , Lee Sin‐Hyung 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHardware neural networks with mechanical flexibility are promising next‐generation computing systems for smart wearable electronics. Several studies have been conducted on flexible neural networks for practical applications; however, developing systems with complete synaptic plasticity for combinatorial optimization remains challenging. In this study, the metal‐ion injection density is explored as a diffusive parameter of the conductive filament in organic memristors. Additionally, a flexible artificial synapse with bio‐realistic synaptic plasticity is developed using organic memristors that have systematically engineered metal‐ion injections, for the first time. In the proposed artificial synapse, short‐term plasticity (STP), long‐term plasticity, and homeostatic plasticity are independently achieved and are analogous to their biological counterparts. The time windows of the STP and homeostatic plasticity are controlled by the ion‐injection density and electric‐signal conditions, respectively. Moreover, stable capabilities for complex combinatorial optimization in the developed synapse arrays are demonstrated under spike‐dependent operations. This effective concept for realizing flexible neuromorphic systems for complex combinatorial optimization is an essential building block for achieving a new paradigm of wearable smart electronics associated with artificial intelligent systems.
Preserved autophagy in cognitively intact non‐demented individuals with Alzheimer's neuropathology
Authors: Tumurbaatar Batbayar , Fracassi Anna , Scaduto Pietro , Guptarak Jutatip , Woltjer Randall , Jupiter Daniel , Taglialatela Giulio 
Published: May 2023

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGrowing evidence supports that dysfunctional autophagy, the major cell mechanism responsible for removing protein aggregates and a route of clearance for Tau in healthy neurons, is a major finding in demented Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, the association of autophagy with maintenance of cognitive integrity in resilient individuals who have AD neuropathology but remain non‐demented (NDAN) has not been evaluated.METHODSUsing post mortem brain samples from age‐matched healthy control, AD, and NDAN subjects, we evaluated autophagy in relation to Tau pathology using Western blot, immunofluorescence and RNA‐seq.RESULTSCompared to AD patients, NDAN subjects had preserved autophagy and reduced tauopathy. Furthermore, expression of autophagy genes and AD‐related proteins were significantly associated in NDAN compared to AD and control subjects.DISCUSSIONOur results suggest preserved autophagy is a protective mechanism that maintains cognitive integrity in NDAN individuals. This novel observation supports the potential of autophagy‐inducing strategies in AD therapeutics.Highlights
NDAN subjects have preserved autophagic protein levels comparable with control subjects.
Compared to control subjects, NDAN subjects have significantly reduced Tau oligomers and PHF Tau phosphorylation at synapses that negatively correlate with autophagy markers.
Transcription of autophagy genes strongly associates with AD‐related proteins in NDAN donors.
Cladribine Effects on T and B Cells and T Cell Reactivity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Holm Hansen Rikke , von Essen Marina Rode , Mahler Mie Reith , Cobanovic Stefan , Binko Tomas Sorm , Sellebjerg Finn 
Published: May 2023

ObjectiveCladribine tablet therapy is an efficacious treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), however, its mechanism of action on T and B cell subsets remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of cladribine on the peripheral pool of T and B cells subsets and reactivity toward central nervous system (CNS) antigens.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional exploratory study, frequencies and absolute counts of peripheral T and B cell subsets and B cell cytokine production from untreated patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) and patients treated with cladribine for 1 year were measured using flow cytometry. Autoreactivity was assessed using a FluoroSpot assay.ResultsWe found that 1 year after initiation of cladribine treatment, a lower number of CD4+ T cells was persisting whereas CD19+ B cell counts were normalized compared to untreated patients with RRMS. Follicular helper T cells and their effecter subsets producing cytokines exerting distinct B cell helper activity were lower and, additionally, the peripheral B cell pool was skewed toward a naïve and anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Finally, reactivity to the recently identified CNS‐enriched autoantigen RAS guanyl‐releasing protein 2 (RASGRP2), but not to myelin basic protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, was lower in cladribine‐treated patients.InterpretationTogether, these investigations on T and B cell subsets suggest that cladribine treatment impairs the B–T cell crosstalk and reduces their ability to mediate pathogenic effector functions. This may result in specific reduction of autoreactivity to RASGRP2 which is expressed in B cells and brain tissue. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:518–530
Charting the Chemical Reaction Space around a Multicomponent Combination: Controlled Access to a Diverse Set of Biologically Relevant Scaffolds
Authors: Nadal Rodríguez Pau , Ghashghaei Ouldouz , Schoepf Anna M. , Benson Sam , Vendrell Marc , Lavilla Rodolfo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCharting the chemical reaction space around the combination of carbonyls, amines, and isocyanoacetates allows the description of new multicomponent processes leading to a variety of unsaturated imidazolone scaffolds. The resulting compounds display the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein and the core of the natural product coelenterazine. Despite the competitive nature of the pathways involved, general protocols provide selective access to the desired chemotypes. Moreover, we describe unprecedented reactivity at the C‐2 position of the imidazolone core to directly afford C, S, and N‐derivatives featuring natural products (e.g. leucettamines), potent kinase inhibitors, and fluorescent probes with suitable optical and biological profiles.
Research on air‐cooled thermal management of energy storage lithium battery
Authors: Zhang Dongwang , Zhao Xin , Zhang Man , Yang Hairui , Li Shiyuan , Zhou Tuo 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBattery energy storage system occupies most of the energy storage market due to its superior overall performance and engineering maturity, but its stability and efficiency are easily affected by heat generation problems, so it is important to design a suitable thermal management system. Due to the huge scale, complex composition, and high cost of stationary energy storage systems, it is difficult to optimize its parameters and structures by direct experimental research. In order to explore the cooling performance of air‐cooled thermal management of energy storage lithium batteries, a microscopic experimental bench was built based on the similarity criterion, and the charge and discharge experiments of single battery and battery pack were carried out under different current, and their temperature changes were analyzed. The numerical simulation study of the thermal management system of the battery pack is carried out by using ANSYS Fluent software, and the numerical simulation results are compared with the experimental results to verify its feasibility. And the influence of structural and parametric factors such as inlet and outlet position, battery spacing, and inlet air volume on the performance of the air‐cooled thermal management system is explored by means of numerical simulation. The results show that the heat generation of the battery in the discharge process is higher than that of the charging process, and the air from the top of the battery pack can achieve a better cooling effect, and there is an optimal battery spacing to achieve the best cooling effect, and the research conclusion provides some reference for the optimal design of the actual stationary energy storage system.