bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-time spectroscopic modelling of the transitional Type Ia Supernova 2021rhu with tardis
Authors: Harvey L , Maguire K , Magee M R , Bulla M , Dhawan S , Schulze S , Sollerman J , Deckers M , Dimitriadis G , Reusch S , Smith M , Terwel J , Coughlin M W , Masci F , Purdum J , Reedy A , Robert E , Wold A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
An open question in SN Ia research is where the boundary lies between ‘normal’ Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) that are used in cosmological measurements and those that sit off the Phillips relation. We present the spectroscopic modelling of one such ‘86G-like’ transitional SN Ia, SN 2021rhu, that has recently been employed as a local Hubble Constant calibrator using a tip of the red-giant branch measurement. We detail its modelling from −12 d until maximum brightness using the radiative-transfer spectral-synthesis code tardis. Please check and correct this paper accordingly. We base our modelling on literature delayed-detonation and deflagration models of Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs, as well as the double-detonation models of sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. We present a new method for ‘projecting’ abundance profiles to different density profiles for ease of computation. Due to the small velocity extent and low outer densities of the W7 profile, we find it inadequate to reproduce the evolution of SN 2021rhu as it fails to match the high-velocity calcium components. The host extinction of SN 2021rhu is uncertain but we use modelling with and without an extinction correction to set lower and upper limits on the abundances of individual species. Comparing these limits to literature models we conclude that the spectral evolution of SN 2021rhu is also incompatible with double-detonation scenarios, lying more in line with those resulting from the delayed-detonation mechanism (although there are some discrepancies, in particular a larger titanium abundance in SN 2021rhu compared to the literature). This suggests that SN 2021rhu is likely a lower luminosity, and hence lower temperature, version of a normal SN Ia.
Exponential galaxy discs as the quasi-stationary distribution in a Markov chain model simulating stellar scattering
Authors: Wu Jian , Struck Curtis , Elmegreen Bruce G , D’Onghia Elena 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Previous models have shown that stochastic scattering of stars in a two-dimensional galaxy disc can generate a time-independent surface density distribution that is an exponential divided by radius when a constant inward scattering bias is present. Here we show, using a Markov chain model, that similar profiles result from an outward scattering bias, although the disc surface density decreases slowly with time because of a net stellar outflow. The trend towards a near-exponential surface profile is robust, as it exists even if the scattering intensity has moderate radial and time dependences, subject to some limitations on the scattering rates discussed in the text. The exponential scale length of the pseudo-equilibrium disc depends on the scattering bias, the scattering length, and the size of the disc where scattering is important.
Coevolution of the interstellar chemistry: gas-phase laboratory formation of hydrogenated fullerene-PAH clusters
Authors: Hu Xiaoyi , Dong Zhenru , Liu Jia , Zhen Junfeng , Qin Liping 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Fullerene molecules are affected and constrained by different interstellar environmental factors, such as UV radiation, atoms, and other coexisting molecules. To understand the coevolution of the interstellar fullerene chemistry, by tracking the accretion processes on fullerene cations, we present an investigation of the chemical reactivity of fullerene (C60) cations and smaller fullerene (C54/56/58) cations with hydrogen and C14H10 in the gas phase. Experiments are performed using a quadrupole ion trap in combination with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The experimental results show hydrogenated fullerene-C14H10 cluster cations (i.e. [Hn C60(C14H10)m ]+ and [Hn C54/56/58(C14H10)m ]+) are efficiently formed through ion-molecule collision reaction. H-atoms are more likely to accumulate on the surface of fullerenes than C14H10; not only does hydrogen more easily form a covalent bond, the later accreted hydrogen will also expel the already accreted C14H10. Through theoretical calculations, we obtain the structure of newly formed clusters (e.g. [HC60(C14H10)]+ and [HC58(C14H10)]+) and the binding energies of their reaction pathways, together with IR spectra. The bonding ability plays a decisive role in the ternary cluster formation processes, and the existence of occupation and expulsion competitive reaction channels in the accretion processes on fullerene surfaces is confirmed. As part of the coevolution of the interstellar chemistry, the occupation and expulsion reaction modes should be considered when fullerenes further react with H-atoms and PAHs. As a result, the molecular structures of hydrogen/fullerene/PAH clusters are diverse, and hydrogenated-fullerene-related clusters (e.g. hydrogenated fullerenes or hydrogenated fullerenes-PAHs) have a higher distribution than non-hydrogenated-fullerene-related clusters (e.g. fullerenes or fullerenes-PAHs) in the interstellar environment.
Rotation and activity in late-type members of the young cluster ASCC 123
Authors: Frasca A , Alonso-Santiago J , Catanzaro G , Bragaglia A 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
ASCC 123 is a little-studied young and dispersed open cluster. Recently, we conducted the first research devoted to it. In this paper, we complement our previous work with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry for the 55 likely members of the cluster. We pay special attention to seven of these high-probability members, all with FGK spectral types, for which we have high-resolution spectra from our preceding work. By studying the TESS light curves of the cluster members, we determine the rotational period and the amplitude of the rotational modulation for 29 objects. The analysis of the distribution of the periods allows us to estimate a gyrochronological age for ASCC 123 similar to that of the Pleiades, confirming the value obtained in our previous investigation. A young cluster age is also suggested by the distribution of variation amplitudes. In addition, for those stars with spectroscopic data, we calculate the inclination of their rotation axis. These values appear to follow a random distribution, as already observed in young clusters, with no indication of spin alignment. However, our sample is too small to confirm this on more solid statistical grounds. Finally, for these seven stars, we study the level of magnetic activity from the Hα and Ca ii H&K lines. Despite the small number of data points, we find a correlation of the Hα and Ca ii flux with Rossby number. The position of these stars in flux–flux diagrams follows the general trends observed in other active late-type stars.
Coherent curvature radiation spectrum by dynamically fluctuating bunches in magnetospheres
Authors: Yang Yuan-Pei , Zhang Bing 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Coherent curvature radiation by charged bunches has been discussed as the radiation mechanism for radio pulsars and fast radio bursts. Important issues for this radiation mechanism include how the bunches form and disperse in the magnetosphere of a pulsar or magnetar. More likely, bunches form and disperse continuously and it remains unclear what the spectral features are for these fluctuating bunches. In this work, we consider that the bunches in a magnetosphere have a formation rate of λB , a lifetime of τB , and a typical Lorentz factor of γ, and analyse the spectral features of coherent curvature radiation by these fluctuating bunches. We find that the emission spectrum by a single fluctuating bunch is suppressed by a factor of ∼(λB τB )2 compared with that of a single persistent bunch, and there is a quasi-white noise in a wider band in the frequency domain. The high-frequency cutoff of the spectrum is at ∼max (ωpeak, 2γ2/τB ), where ωpeak is the peak frequency of curvature radiation. If the observed spectrum is not white-noise-like, the condition of 2γ2λB ≳ min (ωpeak, 2γ2/τB ) would be required. Besides, the radiation by multiple fluctuating bunches along a field line is the incoherent summation of the radiation by single bunches if the bunch separation is longer than the wavelength. Conversely, a coherent summation should be involved. We also discuss the effects of bunch structures and the mechanism of bunch formation and dispersion.
Inhomogeneous Galactic chemical evolution: modelling ultra-faint dwarf galaxies of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Alexander R K , Vincenzo F , Ji A P , Richstein H , Jordan C J , Gibson B K 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are among the oldest and most metal-poor galaxies in the cosmos, observed to contain no gas and a high dark matter mass fraction. Understanding the chemical abundance dispersion in such extreme environments could shed light on the very first generations of stars. We present a novel inhomogeneous chemical evolution model, i-getool, that we apply to two UFDs, Carina II and Reticulum II, both satellites of the Large Magellanic Cloud. Our model is based on the Monte Carlo sampling of the initial mass function as star formation proceeds in different gas cells of the galaxy volume. We account for the chemical enrichment of supernova (SN) bubbles as they spread in the interstellar medium, causing dispersion in the elemental abundances. We recreate the abundance patterns of α- and odd-Z elements, predicting two sequences in [C/Fe] and [N/Fe] at all metallicities. Our models underestimate [C/Fe] and [Ti/Fe] because of the large uncertainty in the adopted stellar nucleosynthesis yields. We discuss that the observed C and N abundances had likely been affected by internal mixing processes, which changed the initial surface abundances in the red giants. Our SN feedback scheme is responsible for driving galactic outflows, which quench the star formation activity at early times. We predict an average outflow mass-loading factor ≈103, which extrapolates towards very low galaxy stellar masses the trend observed at high masses. Finally, by combining our model with the MIST isochrone database, we compare our synthetic colour–magnitude diagrams to observations.
Cross-matching the General Catalogue of Variable Stars with the Gaia DR3 source catalogue
Authors: Ansari S G , Eyer L , Kerschbaum F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
The most recent release of the General Catalogue of Variable Stars (GCVS) (Samus et al. 2017) contains 518 different variable types, in eight different variable categories. The catalogue has now reached its 5th version available via the VizieR service and can be considered one of the primary catalogues on the subject. The Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) contains the most extensive catalogue of variable stars over the entire sky, still it is an intermediate step towards a better understanding of the quality of data and the automated algorithms being put in place to achieve a more concise classification as the work progresses. Ongoing work to identify all variability types in Gaia requires that a complete set of variable classes is represented. We investigated the most recent variability types listed therein, and compared them to the literature used to classify variable stars in Gaia. We have come across close to 10 000 individual variables in the GCVS that are not classified as variable in Gaia DR3, which include 56 variability types – some of which are bright stars. In this investigation, we demonstrate that there are still a large number of those bright stars missing from the Gaia variable classification. Clear indications show that variables with very short (&lt;1 d), and very long periods, were missed by Gaia DR3 Gaia (Prusti et al. 2016 and Vallenari et al. 2022). Moreover, variables with large amplitudes were also missing. We discuss our findings in some detail.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Viral Load Monitoring and Rate of Virologic Suppression Among Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2013–2020
Authors: Mayasi Ngongo Nadine , Kamangu Ntambwe Erick , Situakibanza Nani-Tuma Hippolyte , Mbula Mambimbi Marcel , Mandina Ndona Madone , Longokolo Mashi Murielle , Bepouka Izizag Ben , Lukiana Tuna , Odio Ossam Jérôme , Mangala Sonzi Donatien , Maes Nathalie , Moutschen Michel , El Moussaoui Majdouline , Darcis Gilles 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) expansion and viral load as a treatment monitoring approach have increased the demand for viral load testing. Many hurdles affect the coverage, quality, and use of viral load results. Estimates of viral load monitoring and viral suppression rates are needed to assess the performance of ART programs and improve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management outcomes.

Methods
People with HIV (PWH) viral load monitoring data were routinely collected in 84 health facilities in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), between 2013 and 2020. The number of PWH under ART, the number of participants with at least 1 viral load test result, the rate of viral suppression (defined as ≤1000 HIV ribonucleic acid copies per mL), and the mean turnaround time from sample collection to release of viral load test results were collected together with clinical data.

Results
A total of 14 057 PWH were included in the analysis. People with HIV were mainly enrolled after the “test and treat” implementation. The patients were followed for a median period of 27 months. The proportion of PWH with at least 1 available viral load largely increased in recent years. The delay from sample collection to release of viral load test results decreased overtime, from 35 days in 2018 to 16 days in 2020. Pregnancy and advanced HIV disease were associated with a lower chance of viral suppression.

Conclusions
There has been considerable success in increasing viral load access for all PWH under therapy in DRC. Nevertheless, viral load testing should be intensified with a particular effort to be made in groups at higher risk of viral failure.
Greening the Swiss National Bank’s Portfolio
Authors: Fahlenbrach Rüdiger , Jondeau Eric 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Central banks are increasingly concerned about climate-related risks and want to ensure that the financial system is resilient to them. As they integrate these risks into financial stability monitoring, they also discuss how to apply environmental criteria to their own policy portfolio management, without compromising their policy mandate. We describe different strategies and assess their relevance for central banks, using the Swiss National Bank’s (SNB) equity portfolio as a laboratory. We develop a carbon-conscious screening approach that is likely consistent with its policy mandate. The approach reduces the portfolio’s carbon footprint by 20%, with little impact on diversification or performance. (JEL E58, G11)
Differences in transcriptional changes in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis skin with immunoglobulin gene enrichment in psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Johnsson Hanna , Cole John , McInnes Iain B , Graham Gerard , Siebert Stefan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Approximately 20% of people with psoriasis develop PsA. Although genetic, clinical and environmental risk factors have been identified, it is not known why some people with psoriasis develop PsA. The skin disease is traditionally considered the same in both. This study compares transcriptional changes in psoriasis and PsA skin for the first time.

Methods
Skin biopsies were collected from healthy controls (HC), and uninvolved and lesional skin from patients with PsA. Bulk tissue sequencing was performed and analysed using the pipeline Searchlight 2.0. Transcriptional changes in PsA skin were compared with existing sequencing data from participants with psoriasis without PsA (GSE121212). Psoriasis and PsA datasets could not be directly compared as different analysis methods were used. Data from participants with PsA in the GSE121212 dataset were used for validation.

Results
Skin samples from 9 participants with PsA and 9 HC were sequenced, analysed and compared with available transcriptomic data for 16 participants with psoriasis compared with 16 HC. Uninvolved skin in psoriasis shared transcriptional changes with lesional skin in psoriasis, but uninvolved skin in PsA did not. Most transcriptional changes in psoriasis and PsA lesional skin were shared, but immunoglobulin genes were upregulated in PsA lesional skin specifically. The transcription factor POU2F1, which regulates immunoglobulin gene expression, was enriched in PsA lesional skin. This was confirmed in the validation cohort.

Conclusions
Immunoglobulin genes are upregulated in PsA but not in psoriasis skin lesions. This may have implications for the spread from the cutaneous compartment to other tissues.
Revision of Hypseleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) from Indo-Pacific Islands using molecular and morphometric approaches, with description of one new species
Authors: Keith Philippe , Mennesson Marion I 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The taxonomy of Hypseleotris fish species from the Indo-Pacific (Australian endemics not included) is revised, using combined molecular and morphological approaches. Seven species are recognized, including description of one new species (Hypseleotris ebneri sp. nov.) and re-elevation of four previous synonyms (Hypseleotris alexis, Hypseleotris everetti, Hypseleotris guentheri and Hypseleotris moncktoni). Two other species retained are Hypseleotris compressa and Hypseleotris cyprinoides. The species differ by divergence in mitochondrial genes (complete ND2 and COI) and by characters including the number of pectoral fin rays, scales in lateral, transverse forward and pre-dorsal series, body depth and head length. The number of Hypseleotris species is greater than previously thought and there are serious conservation issues for several species that have limited distributions. As four different species were found in Papua New Guinea, it is important to study all the specimens collected in this country, and we recommend additional field and genetic sampling, because it is likely that other Hypseleotris species with narrow distribution ranges also exist there.
Validation of the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Lambrechts Mark J. , Schroeder Gregory D. , Tran Khoa , Li Sandy , Huang Angela , Chu Justin , Karamian Brian A. , Canseco Jose A. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Oner Cumhur , Dvorak Marcel , Schnake Klaus , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. 
Published: May 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective.
To determine how historical management of thoracolumbar spine injuries compares to the recently proposed AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System treatment algorithm.

Summary of Background Data.
Classifications of the thoracolumbar spine are not uncommon. The frequent advent of new classifications is typically due to previous classifications being primarily descriptive or unreliable. Thus, AO Spine created a classification with an associated treatment algorithm to guide injury classification and management.

Methods.
Thoracolumbar spine injuries were retrospectively identified from a prospectively collected spine trauma database at a single, urban, academic medical center during the years 2006 to 2021. Each injury was classified and assigned points based on the AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System injury severity score. Patients were grouped into scores of 3 or less (preferred initial conservative treatment) and greater than 6 (preferred initial surgical intervention). Either operative or non-operative treatment was considered appropriate for injury severity scores of 4 or 5.

Results.
A total of 815 patients (TL AOSIS 0-3: 486, TL AOSIS 4-5: 150, TL AOSIS 6+: 179) met inclusion status. Injury severity scores of 0-3 were more likely to undergo non-operative management compared to scores of 4-5 or 6+ (99.0% vs. 74.7% vs. 13.4%, P<0.001). Thus, guideline congruent treatment was 99.0%, 100%, and 86.6%, respectively (P<0.001). Most injuries determined to be a 4 or 5 were treated non-operatively (74.7%). Based on the treatment algorithm, 97.5% of patients who received operative treatment and 96.1% who received non-operative treatment were managed in accordance with the algorithm. Of the 29 patients who did not receive algorithm congruent treatment, 5 (17.2%) were treated surgically.

Conclusions.
A retrospective review of thoracolumbar spine injuries at our urban academic medical center identified that patients are historically treated in accordance with the proposed AO Spine Thoracolumbar Injury Classification System treatment algorithm.
The Role of Liposomal Bupivacaine in Multimodal Pain Management Following Posterior Spinal Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Changoor Stuart , Giakas Alec , Sacks Karen , Asma Ali , Lang R. Scott , Yorgova Petya , Rogers Kenneth , Gabos Peter G. , Shah Suken A. 
Published: May 2023

Study Design.
Retrospective controlled cohort.

Objective.
To evaluate the effect of intraoperative liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration on postsurgical pain management in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients by analyzing postoperative opioid consumption, ambulation, and length of stay (LOS).

Summary of Background Data.
Optimal postoperative pain control for AIS patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) is challenging. Multimodal pain management protocols provide adequate analgesia while decreasing opioid consumption. LB was recently approved for pediatric patients; however, use in AIS patients is understudied.

Methods.
119 consecutive patients with AIS who underwent PSF were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who received LB as erector spinae block in addition to the standard postoperative pain management protocol (Group A), and patients who received only the standard postoperative pain protocol (Group B). Oral morphine equivalents, intravenous opioid and valium consumption, pain scores (VAS), nausea/vomiting, ambulation distance and LOS were assessed.

Results.
Group A experienced significantly lower total opioid consumption compared to Group B (44.5 mg vs. 70.2 mg). Morphine use was lower in Group A on postoperative day (POD) 0, and oxycodone use was lower in Group A on PODs 1 and 2. There was a higher proportion of patients who used only oral opioids in Group A (81% vs. 41%). Of patients requiring any intravenous opioids, 79% did not receive LB. A significantly higher proportion of LB patients were discharged on POD 2 (55% vs. 27%); therefore, LOS was shorter for Group A. Group A ambulated further postoperatively. There were no differences in pain scores, valium requirements or nausea/vomiting.

Conclusions.
LB was associated with decreased total opioid use, shorter LOS, and improved ambulation in AIS patients undergoing PSF. Including LB in multimodal pain management protocols proved effective in reducing opioid use while increasing mobilization in the immediate postoperative period.

Level of Evidence.
3.