bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus differently affects electrical membrane properties of vagal afferent neurons of rats
Authors: da Silva‐Alves Kerly Shamyra , Ferreira‐da‐Silva Francisco Walber , Coelho‐de‐Souza Andrelina Noronha , Weinreich Daniel , Leal‐Cardoso José Henrique 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTo study whether diabetes mellitus (DM) would cause electrophysiological alterations in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons, we used patch clamp and intracellular recording for voltage and current clamp configuration, respectively, on cell bodies of NG from rats with DM. Intracellular microelectrodes recording, according to the waveform of the first derivative of the action potential, revealed three neuronal groups (A0, Ainf, and Cinf), which were differently affected. Diabetes only depolarized the resting potential of A0 (from −55 to −44 mV) and Cinf (from −49 to −45 mV) somas. In Ainf neurons, diabetes increased action potential and the after‐hyperpolarization durations (from 1.9 and 18 to 2.3 and 32 ms, respectively) and reduced dV/dtdesc (from −63 to ‐52 V s−1). Diabetes reduced the action potential amplitude while increasing the after‐hyperpolarization amplitude of Cinf neurons (from 83 and −14 mV to 75 and −16 mV, respectively). Using whole cell patch clamp recording, we observed that diabetes produced an increase in peak amplitude of sodium current density (from −68 to −176 pA pF−1) and displacement of steady‐state inactivation to more negative values of transmembrane potential only in a group of neurons from diabetic animals (DB2). In the other group (DB1), diabetes did not change this parameter (−58 pA pF−1). This change in sodium current did not cause an increase in membrane excitability, probably explainable by the alterations in sodium current kinetics, which are also induced by diabetes. Our data demonstrate that diabetes differently affects membrane properties of different nodose neuron subpopulations, which likely have pathophysiological implications for diabetes mellitus.
Resilience of compound action potential peaks to high‐frequency firing in the mouse optic nerve
Authors: Hopper Amy J. , Beswick‐Jones Hana , Brown Angus M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractAction potential conduction in axons triggers trans‐membrane ion movements, where Na+ enters and K+ leaves axons, leading to disruptions in resting trans‐membrane ion gradients that must be restored for optimal axon conduction, an energy dependent process. The higher the stimulus frequency, the greater the ion movements and the resulting energy demand. In the mouse optic nerve (MON), the stimulus evoked compound action potential (CAP) displays a triple peaked profile, consistent with subpopulations of axons classified by size producing the distinct peaks. The three CAP peaks show differential sensitivity to high‐frequency firing, with the large axons, which contribute to the 1st peak, more resilient than the small axons, which produce the 3rd peak. Modeling studies predict frequency dependent intra‐axonal Na+ accumulation at the nodes of Ranvier, sufficient to attenuate the triple peaked CAP. Short bursts of high‐frequency stimulus evoke transient elevations in interstitial K+ ([K+]o), which peak at about 50 Hz. However, powerful astrocytic buffering limits the [K+]o increase to levels insufficient to cause CAP attenuation. A post‐stimulus [K+]o undershoot below baseline coincides with a transient increase in the amplitudes of all three CAP peaks. The volume specific scaling relating energy expenditure to increasing axon size dictates that large axons are more resilient to high‐frequency firing than small axons.
Relationship between intraventricular mechanical dyssynchrony and left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance: An in vivo experimental study
Authors: Monge García Manuel Ignacio , Jian Zhongping , Hatib Feras , Settles Jos J. , Cecconi Maurizio , Pinsky Michael R. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractLeft ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony (LVMD) refers to the nonuniformity in mechanical contraction and relaxation timing in different ventricular segments. We aimed to determine the relationship between LVMD and LV performance, as assessed by ventriculo‐arterial coupling (VAC), LV mechanical efficiency (LVeff), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and diastolic function during sequential experimental changes in loading and contractile conditions. Thirteen Yorkshire pigs submitted to three consecutive stages with two opposite interventions each: changes in afterload (phenylephrine/nitroprusside), preload (bleeding/reinfusion and fluid bolus), and contractility (esmolol/dobutamine). LV pressure–volume data were obtained with a conductance catheter. Segmental mechanical dyssynchrony was assessed by global, systolic, and diastolic dyssynchrony (DYS) and internal flow fraction (IFF). Late systolic LVMD was related to an impaired VAC, LVeff, and LVEF, whereas diastolic LVMD was associated with delayed LV relaxation (logistic tau), decreased LV peak filling rate, and increased atrial contribution to LV filling. The hemodynamic factors related to LVMD were contractility, afterload, and heart rate. However, the relationship between these factors differed throughout the cardiac cycle. LVMD plays a significant role in LV systolic and diastolic performance and is associated with hemodynamic factors and intraventricular conduction.
Downregulation of extramitochondrial BCKDH and its uncoupling from AMP deaminase in type 2 diabetic OLETF rat hearts
Authors: Ogawa Toshifumi , Kouzu Hidemichi , Osanami Arata , Tatekoshi Yuki , Sato Tatsuya , Kuno Atsushi , Fujita Yugo , Ino Shoya , Shimizu Masaki , Toda Yuki , Ohwada Wataru , Yano Toshiyuki , Tanno Masaya , Miki Takayuki , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: February 2023

AbstractSystemic branched‐chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is dysregulated in cardiometabolic diseases. We previously demonstrated that upregulated AMP deaminase 3 (AMPD3) impairs cardiac energetics in a rat model of obese type 2 diabetes, Otsuka Long‐Evans‐Tokushima fatty (OLETF). Here, we hypothesized that the cardiac BCAA levels and the activity of branched‐chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), a rate‐limiting enzyme in BCAA metabolism, are altered by type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and that upregulated AMPD3 expression is involved in the alteration. Performing proteomic analysis combined with immunoblotting, we discovered that BCKDH localizes not only to mitochondria but also to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it interacts with AMPD3. Knocking down AMPD3 in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) increased BCKDH activity, suggesting that AMPD3 negatively regulates BCKDH. Compared with control rats (Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka [LETO] rats), OLETF rats exhibited 49% higher cardiac BCAA levels and 49% lower BCKDH activity. In the cardiac ER of the OLETF rats, BCKDH‐E1α subunit expression was downregulated, while AMPD3 expression was upregulated, resulting in an 80% lower AMPD3‐E1α interaction compared to LETO rats. Knocking down E1α expression in NRCMs upregulated AMPD3 expression and recapitulated the imbalanced AMPD3‐BCKDH expressions observed in OLETF rat hearts. E1α knockdown in NRCMs inhibited glucose oxidation in response to insulin, palmitate oxidation, and lipid droplet biogenesis under oleate loading. Collectively, these data revealed previously unrecognized extramitochondrial localization of BCKDH in the heart and its reciprocal regulation with AMPD3 and imbalanced AMPD3‐BCKDH interactions in OLETF. Downregulation of BCKDH in cardiomyocytes induced profound metabolic changes that are observed in OLETF hearts, providing insight into mechanisms contributing to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Intra‐ischemic hypothermia cardioprotection involves modulation of PTEN/Akt/ERK signaling and fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Justice Cody N. , Zhu Xiangdong , Li Jing , O'Donnell J. Michael , Vanden Hoek Terry L. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia (TH) provides cardioprotection from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it remains unknown how TH regulates metabolic recovery. We tested the hypothesis that TH modulates PTEN, Akt, and ERK1/2, and improves metabolic recovery through mitigation of fatty acid oxidation and taurine release. Left ventricular function was monitored continuously in isolated rat hearts subjected to 20 min of global, no‐flow ischemia. Moderate cooling (30°C) was applied at the start of ischemia and hearts were rewarmed after 10 min of reperfusion. The effect of TH on protein phosphorylation and expression at 0 and 30 min of reperfusion was investigated by western blot analysis. Post‐ischemic cardiac metabolism was investigated by 13C‐NMR. TH enhanced recovery of cardiac function, reduced taurine release, and enhanced PTEN phosphorylation and expression. Phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2 was increased at the end of ischemia but decreased at the end of reperfusion. On NMR analysis, TH‐treated hearts displayed decreased fatty acid oxidation. Direct cardioprotection by moderate intra‐ischemic TH is associated with decreased fatty acid oxidation, reduced taurine release, enhanced PTEN phosphorylation and expression, and enhanced activation of both Akt and ERK1/2 prior to reperfusion.
Embolic occlusion of internal carotid artery in conscious rats: Immediate effects of cerebral ischemia
Authors: Toung Thomas J. K. , Mehr Noah , Mirski Marek , Koehler Raymond C. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn most preclinical models of focal ischemic stroke, vascular occlusion is performed under general anesthesia. However, anesthetic agents exert confounding effects on mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), cerebrovascular tone, oxygen demand, and neurotransmitter receptor transduction. Moreover, the majority of studies do not use a blood clot, which more fully models embolic stroke. Here, we developed a blood clot injection model to produce large cerebral artery ischemia in unanesthetized rats. Under isoflurane anesthesia, an indwelling catheter was implanted in the internal carotid artery via a common carotid arteriotomy and preloaded with a 0.38‐mm‐diameter clot of 1.5, 3, or 6 cm length. After discontinuing anesthesia, the rat was returned to a home cage where it regained normal mobility, grooming, eating activity, and a stable recovery of MABP. One hour later, the clot was injected over a 10‐s period and the rats were observed for 24 h. Clot injection produced a brief period of irritability, then 15–20 min of complete inactivity, followed by lethargic activity at 20–40 min, ipsilateral deviation of the head and neck at 1–2 h, and limb weakness and circling at 2–4 h. Neurologic deficits, elevated MABP, infarct volume, and increased hemisphere water content varied directly with clot size. Mortality after 6‐cm clot injection (53%) was greater than that after 1.5‐cm (10%) or 3‐cm (20%) injection. Combined non‐survivor groups had the greatest MABP, infarct volume, and water content. Among all groups, the pressor response correlated with infarct volume. The coefficient of variation of infarct volume with the 3‐cm clot was less than that in published studies with the filament or standard clot models, and therefore may provide stronger statistical power for stroke translational studies. The more severe outcomes from the 6‐cm clot model may be useful for the study of malignant stroke.
Caffeine ingestion stimulates plasma carnitine clearance in humans
Authors: Wall Benjamin T. , Machin David , Dunlop Mandy V. , Stephens Francis B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIncreasing skeletal muscle carnitine content can manipulate fuel metabolism and improve exercise performance. Intravenous insulin infusion during hypercarnitinemia increases plasma carnitine clearance and Na+‐dependent muscle carnitine accretion, likely via stimulating Na+/K+ ATPase pump activity. We hypothesized that the ingestion of high‐dose caffeine, also known to stimulate Na+/K+ ATPase activity, would stimulate plasma carnitine clearance during hypercarnitinemia in humans. In a randomized placebo‐controlled study, six healthy young adults (aged 24 ± 5 years, height 175 ± 8 cm, and weight 70 ± 13 kg) underwent three 5‐h laboratory visits involving the primed continuous intravenous infusion of l‐carnitine (CARN and CARN + CAFF) or saline (CAFF) in parallel with ingestion of caffeine (CARN + CAFF and CAFF) or placebo (CARN) at 0, 2, 3, and 4 h. Regular blood samples were collected to determine concentrations of blood Na+ and K+, and plasma carnitine and caffeine, concentrations. Caffeine ingestion (i.e., CAFF and CARN + CAFF conditions) and l‐carnitine infusion (i.e., CARN and CARN + CAFF) elevated steady‐state plasma caffeine (to ~7 μg·mL−1) and carnitine (to ~400 μmol·L−1) concentrations, respectively, throughout the 5 h infusions. Plasma carnitine concentration was ~15% lower in CARN + CAFF compared with CARN during the final 90 min of the infusion (at 210 min, 356 ± 96 vs. 412 ± 94 μmol·L−1; p = 0.0080: at 240 min, 350 ± 91 vs. 406 ± 102 μmol·L−1; p = 0.0079: and at 300 min, 357 ± 91 vs. 413 ± 110 μmol·L−1; p = 0.0073, respectively). Blood Na+ concentrations were greater in CAFF and CARN + CAFF compared with CARN. Ingestion of high‐dose caffeine stimulates plasma carnitine clearance during hypercarnitinemia, likely via increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity. Carnitine co‐ingestion with caffeine may represent a novel muscle carnitine loading strategy in humans, and therefore manipulate skeletal muscle fuel metabolism and improve exercise performance.
Multiple nontrivial solutions of superlinear fractional Laplace equations without (AR) condition
Authors: Zhao Leiga , Cai Hongrui , Chen Yutong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this article, we study a class of nonlinear fractional Laplace problems with a parameter and superlinear nonlinearity

(

−
Δ

)

s

u
=
λ
u
+
f

(

x
,
u

)

,

in

Ω
,

u
=
0
,

in

R

N

\
Ω
.

\left\{\phantom{\rule[-1.25em]{}{0ex}}\begin{array}{ll}{\left(-\Delta )}^{s}u=\lambda u+f\left(x,u),\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}\Omega ,\\ u=0,\hspace{1.0em}& \hspace{0.1em}\text{in}\hspace{0.1em}\hspace{0.33em}{{\mathbb{R}}}^{N}\backslash \Omega \right.\end{array}\right.

Multiplicity of nontrivial solutions is obtained when the parameter is near the eigenvalue of the fractional Laplace operator without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz condition for the nonlinearity. Our methods are the combination of minimax method, bifurcation theory, and Morse theory.
Vocabulary learning in a foreign language: multimedia input, sentence-writing task, and their combination
Authors: Teng Mark Feng , Zhang Danyang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article examines the effects of task conditions (i.e., with and without a sentence-writing task), multimedia input (definition only, definition + information, definition + information + videos), and combinations of these two variables on the learning gains of new words. This study involved a 2 × 3 research design. In total, 235 Chinese EFL learners were allocated to the six conditions. Vocabulary learning outcomes were measured by pre- and post-tests on 24 target items. The results showed that the definition + information + videos group scored significantly higher than the definition + information and the definition-only groups. Additionally, the sentence-writing task increased the effectiveness of vocabulary learning versus the condition without this task. The combination of the definition + information + videos condition and sentence-writing task was identified as the most effective technique for learning lexical items. This study highlighted the effectiveness of combining multimedia input with a sentence-writing task to learn new words. Relevant teaching and theoretical implications were also discussed.
Generalized Crofoot transform and applications
Authors: Khan Rewayat , Farooq Aamir 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Matrix-valued asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators are compressions of multiplication operators acting between two model spaces. These are the generalization of matrix-valued truncated Toeplitz operators. In this article, we describe symbols of matrix-valued asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators equal to the zero operator. We also use generalized Crofoot transform to find a connection between the symbols of matrix-valued asymmetric truncated Toeplitz operators

T

(

Θ

1

,

Θ

2

)

{\mathcal{T}}\left({\Theta }_{1},{\Theta }_{2})

and

T

(

Θ

1

′

,

Θ

2

′

)

{\mathcal{T}}\left({\Theta }_{1}^{^{\prime} },{\Theta }_{2}^{^{\prime} })

.
Developing a European longitudinal and interprofessional curriculum for clinical reasoning
Authors: Hege Inga , Adler Martin , Donath Daniel , Durning Steven J. , Edelbring Samuel , Elvén Maria , Bogusz Ada , Georg Carina , Huwendiek Sören , Körner Melina , Kononowicz Andrzej A. , Parodis Ioannis , Södergren Ulrika , Wagner Felicitas L. , Wiegleb Edström Desiree 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Clinical reasoning is a complex and crucial ability health professions students need to acquire during their education. Despite its importance, explicit clinical reasoning teaching is not yet implemented in most health professions educational programs. Therefore, we carried out an international and interprofessional project to plan and develop a clinical reasoning curriculum with a train-the-trainer course to support educators in teaching this curriculum to students. We developed a framework and curricular blueprint. Then we created 25 student and 7 train-the-trainer learning units and we piloted 11 of these learning units at our institutions. Learners and faculty reported high satisfaction and they also provided helpful suggestions for improvements. One of the main challenges we faced was the heterogeneous understanding of clinical reasoning within and across professions. However, we learned from each other while discussing these different views and perspectives on clinical reasoning and were able to come to a shared understanding as the basis for developing the curriculum. Our curriculum fills an important gap in the availability of explicit clinical reasoning educational materials both for students and faculty and is unique with having specialists from different countries, schools, and professions. Faculty time and time for teaching clinical reasoning in existing curricula remain important barriers for implementation of clinical reasoning teaching.
Single 30 min treadmill exercise session suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in obese female adolescents
Authors: Pranoto Adi , Rejeki Purwo Sri , Miftahussurur Muhammad , Setiawan Hayuris Kinandita , Yosika Ghana Firsta , Munir Misbakhul , Maesaroh Siti , Purwoto Septyaningrum Putri , Waritsu Cakra , Yamaoka Yoshio 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objectives
Regular treadmill exercise may result in changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. However, the way acute treadmill exercise mechanisms affect the changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in obese has not been comprehensively exposed. This study aimed to analyze the pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress between 30 min before treadmill exercise and 24 h after treadmill exercise in obese adolescents.

Methods
A total of 20 obese females aged 19–24 years were recruited from female students and given one session of treadmill exercise with an intensity of 60–70% HRmax. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) was used to analyze serum levels of MDA, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to analyze serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, the independent samples t-test with a significance level of 5% was employed to have the statistical analysis.

Results
The results on 24 h after treadmill exercise and delta (Δ) between CTRL and TREG showed a significant difference (p<0.001).

Conclusions
This study found a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress 24 h after treadmill exercise in obese adolescents. Therefore, treadmill exercise can be a promising strategy for preventing adolescents from obesity as well as preventing disease risks associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
A review on pulmonary and mediastinal synovial sarcoma
Authors: Dewi Kristin Purnama , Dewi Ivana Purnama , Iswanto Iswanto , Wulandari Laksmi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Sarcoma is defined as a tumor located in the thoracic cavity. However, sarcoma can occur on every side of the body. Synovial sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor originating from pluripotent with a high malignancy rate. The most common predilection of synovial sarcoma is in the joints. Primary synovial sarcoma of the lung and mediastinum are rare tumors and generally malignant. There are only a few cases have been reported. Definite diagnosis is made by histopathological, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetic examination. The management strategy for synovial sarcoma requires multimodality treatment with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, effective and relatively non-toxic therapy for primary synovial sarcoma is still developed. The five years life expectancy is higher if the patient received adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery.
Redetermination of crystal structure of [bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine-κ
3
N,Nʹ,Nʺ]chloridopalladium(II) chloride monohydrate
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
C12H13Cl2N3Pd·H2O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.0698(4) Å, b = 8.5546(6) Å, c = 12.8539(9) Å, α = 106.541(2)°, β = 102.510(2)°, γ = 91.572(2)°, V = 724.23(8) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0199, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0438, T = 223 K.
A review of tiger conservation studies using nonlinear trajectory: A telemetry data approach
Authors: Choudhary Richa , Dahiya Susheela , Choudhury Tanupriya 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Radio telemetry is being used in India to capture the location and movements of radio-collared wild animals. Radio telemetry data analysis has changed the scenario for wildlife conservation. It has provided many models and solutions for natural habitat utilization, genetic diversity, and even implementing green corridors for the species. Insights drawn from the data collected through radio telemetry from radio-collared animals have provided impactful information to understand the wild animal’s ecology. In the past few years, India has remarkably improved the population of tigers using telemetry studies and other conservation methods. In this study, a review of the telemetry studies conducted for tigers in India in the past decade has been presented. This study summarizes the telemetry studies of tigers in India and discusses how telemetry has enhanced the knowledge of ecologists and scientists to understand tiger ecology. This study also discusses the challenges and issues of conducting telemetry studies on tigers in India. Finally, the authors address the gaps in understanding the tiger’s ecology based on these studies and outline how radio telemetry can address these issues to better understand and conserve tigers.