bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensating for Lost Resources
Authors: Damodaran A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter argues that political, institutional, and environmental movements play a major role in preventing under-assessment of the true costs of projects in environmental impact assessment exercises. Such movements unearth the hidden social costs of projects and compel regulatory authorities and investors to integrate them in project documents. This, in turn, contributes to the flow of improved compensatory packages for the displaced victims of large infrastructure projects. Thus the initial assessment of the authorities that the environmental costs of the Narmada dam was confined to loss of forests was abandoned after the Narmada Bachao Andolan came up with their assessment of true social costs of the dam. But for the intervention of the Narmada Bachao Andolan, the oversimplified initial assessment of costs worked out for the dam would have persisted and carried through. Likewise, schemes relating to Payment for Ecosystem Services aim to provide local communities with appropriate rewards for their contribution to the conservation of ecosystem services. Indeed in many cases, payment for ecosystem services has been successful in getting victims of large infrastructure projects to be comprehensively compensated for their losses.
The Local Impacts of Multilateral Environmental Agreements
Authors: Damodaran A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter describes the experiences of local-level projects that attempted to solve the global commons concerns associated with the Climate Change and Biological Diversity Conventions, Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS), and the Basel Convention on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes. Examples of local-level projects discussed, include rural energy and water supply projects, joint forest management projects, projects associated with genetically modified plants and projects associated with movement of hazardous wastes. It is argued that the notion of instrumentalism associated with the mentioned Conventions precludes realization of the global commons goals at the ground level. It is argued that the chief limitation of the Climate Pact and the Basel Convention is that they deal with technology or products that are based on modernity principles which, in turn, are driven by intellectual property rights (IPRs). Hence these Conventions find it impossible to communicate their agenda to local communities. However it is also observed that the plant biotechnology industry appears to be in the throes of change. There is a greater appetite for local customization. The chapter concludes by stating that the emancipatory potential of these environmentally sound technologies can be realized only if there is a process of vertical and horizontal communication systems amongst local communities and governments.
Civil Society, Environment, and Trade
Authors: Damodaran A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Many NGOs and Civil Society groups have played an important role in the field of environment by way of constructive activism. Civil society groups have been enlisted as participants in MEAs and trade agreements. Thanks to civil society activism, many development projects in developing countries, have been compelled to change their track and pay for social costs. It is argued that the success of sustainable development programmes and projects depends on how effectively they integrate activities in their multiple dimensions. A large number of projects and programmes that address global commons are designed and executed in a centralized fashion. Organizational centralization breeds incompetence. Unfortunately, both governmental bodies and civil society organizations do not deal with global commons oriented programmes and actions in an integrated manner. The critical challenge before civil society groups lies in being able to meld cross-cutting issues involving global conventions with national and local development priorities. Since most of the civil society groups successfully undertaking or supporting operational projects are locally or regionally based, they are able to customize projects to suit local needs and capabilities. This, in turn, creates conditions for the adoption of non-instrumental approaches to project implementation and monitoring. However, there are many grassroot organizations that do not have the capabilities of executing global commons projects. The importance of capacity building for such organizations cannot be under-emphasized.
The Diversity Principle, Digital Technologies, and the Future of Global Commons
Authors: Damodaran A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The critical principle that defines proposals for restructuring environmental governance in the world are diversity, equity, and justice. It may not be desirable to realize a structure of world environment governance that is top-down. Any world governance system runs into insurmountable problems when it attempts to enter the domain of policy making at the country level. This is due to the fact that countries that are independent do not desire any inroads into their power as sovereign entities. However, the advent of distributed digital networks (like blockchain technologies) has the potential to conserve global commons and restructure global governance without undermining the sovereignty of countries. Smart contracts-based blockchain platforms, which are not based on energy-intensive mining operations, are not only climate-friendly but also provide a robust and unalterable record of NDC-related commitments given by individual countries, their fulfilment or non-fulfilment, the record of commitments and pledges made by donor countries on climate financing and the extent to which they are fulfilled. Blockchains can also provide similar services for the CBD, the UNCCD, and the other Conventions mentioned in the previous chapters by keeping track of activities and programmes. In the case of pandemics, blockchains, if designed well, can accurately monitor logistics associated with vaccine production and distribution, in addition to keeping a tab on supplies of vaccines pledged to poorer countries by international facilities such as the COVAX. The concept of a new environmental order is not about the creation of new supra-world structures that tower over sovereign nation-states. It is about an international system for environmental governance where layers of self-empowered sovereign entities exist that seek to achieve the goal of sustainable development with due regard to the norms of justice, equity, and fairness.
Connecting Contexts
Authors: Barrett Janet Revell 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Music’s situatedness in time and place, and the way it moves through eras and social milieux, implicates its close ties to history, calling music educators to interrogate the nature of these relationships. An elementary music teacher’s aim to foster historical empathy by teaching a unit on the Underground Railroad opens up questions of historical validity of song material, representations of enslaved persons in children’s literature, and critical reappraisal of curricular mythologies. A contemporary concert drama focused on one day in the life of a US president portrays how a graduate student created a series of mini-courses for singers and instrumentalists to deepen their understanding of the historical conflicts related to the murder of three civil rights workers, and the threat of attack in international waters that prompted US escalation in the Vietnam War. These cases call for greater attention to historical context and contemporary controversies in the music curriculum.
Introduction
Authors: Harbert Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Introduction sets up the book as a whole. It describes the danger of prison histories that point toward progress, proposing an alternative, thinking of the sounds of the prison over a century. History, then, accumulates from thinking about how the music connects to the working of the prison. It defines “prison music” as the organized sound of laws, policies, missions, and social consequences. In this way, a musical investigation of prison offers a way of listening to the complex dynamics of incarceration as they change over time. The introduction also contextualizes Louisiana State Penitentiary within the rise of mass incarceration, tracking the population growth and disproportionate effects on African American communities.
Politics
Authors: Harbert Benjamin J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
After reform efforts waned, Angola returned to a decade of violence, chaos, and austerity. Nevertheless, jazz continued, retreating to the band room. As drug charges continued to sweep musicians into Angola from New Orleans, jazz shifted to more contemporary, adventurous styles. Chapter 3’s focus on politics follows a group of musicians who develop avant-garde jazz to think beyond the status quo. Despite the institution’s oppressive formal and informal rules in the 1960s, they helped define and articulate higher principles of music and radical politics. Primarily based on the testimony of saxophonist Charles Neville, the chapter follows the Nic Nacs to becoming the premier band at the prison with the addition of James Black, James Booker, and Leotha Brown. As a backdrop to jazz intellectualism, the chapter follows Neville and a dozen other prisoners of the 1960s to the cotton and cane fields, where music existed within violence and unpredictability.
Activism under Fire
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rio de Janeiro’s favelas have become among the most well-known of Latin America’s neighborhoods under siege by armed drug gangs and invading militarized police. Since the 1970s, dangerous networks between drug traffickers and corrupt state actors have transformed these poor neighborhoods into sites of armed conflict and political repression, limiting residents’ ability to speak out against violence or demand their democratic rights. Despite these challenges, non-violent politics remains an integral element in Cidade de Deus, one of Rio’s most dangerous and famous favelas. Activism under Fire examines how local activists have adapted their mobilization efforts to this context, protesting against violence, making demands for their rights, and improving the neighborhood without directly endangering their lives. Based on fieldwork, virtual ethnography, and Participatory Action Research conducted between 2014 and 2020, the book provides a rich account of how conflict activism operates in Cidade de Deus. It documents how activists strategically navigate local constraints and opportunities—including gendered governing dynamics and racialized practices of solidarity—to create space for non-violent politics amid armed repression. By embedding themselves in urban, national, and transnational political networks and social movements, they bring resources into the neighborhood while avoiding dangerous alliances. Activism under Fire demonstrates that when we shift our focus away from the politics of violence in gang territories and other conflict zones and toward the creative actions of unarmed community members, we uncover many possibilities for non-violent organizing in the very terrains believed to be the most inhospitable to democratic claims-making.
Conflict Activism in Rio de Janeiro’s Gang Territories
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Introduction provides the overall framework, argument, and context of the book. It begins with background information on gang territories in Latin America and the constraints on activism in those areas, especially in favelas. The chapter also introduces the favela Cidade de Deus. It defines key concepts, including “conflict activism” and “gang territory,” and details the research methods used to collect the data in the book. It also provides a discussion of Participatory Action Research and how it was used in the research process. The chapter concludes with an overview of the core features of conflict activism in Cidade de Deus.
Milking the Resource Matrix
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 2 explores the opportunities that enabled activism to emerge in favelas at a time when most scholars bemoaned the death of democracy and development in gang territories. These include the repertoires of action developed under the dictatorship, new funding opportunities and expectations under the Worker’s Party, a shift toward neoliberal economics, and the rise of information community technologies that have enabled access to social movements and allies across the world. The chapter describes three distinct clusters of activism that have emerged and become adept at targeting this matrix of resources, thereby capitalizing on opportunities at multiple scales and channeling external resources into the favela.
Violent Clientelism and Gendered Governance
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
While there has been a growing literature on the relationship between hyper-masculinity and criminal governance in gang territories, Chapter 3 explores the role of feminized, non-violent activism in contributing to the governance of the neighborhood. It introduces the concept of gendered division of governing labor and describes how a feminized sphere of non-violence has emerged in opposition to the masculinized sphere of violent clientelism. Each sphere negotiates relationships with different branches of the state: the former works with various state secretariats responsible for urban development (housing, education, social services, etc.), while the latter is embroiled in violent and often corrupt ties with the police. The chapter argues that the feminization of activism allows local non-violent actors to construct a meaningful semi-autonomous sphere of political action that operates parallel to violent clientelism, while also remaining subservient to it.
Political Upcycling
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 explores the cultural tools employed by favela activists to situate their activism within the dominant frames of the favela. Through a strategy of embedded resistance, activists “upcycle” the cultural values of the neighborhood by deploying them for more political objectives. This strategy allows them to remain within the normative discourses of the neighborhood—surveilled by the local drug trade—while also calling for more concrete social and political changes. The chapter describes how activists capitalize on local values around education, cultural production, and opposition to racial violence as a way of maneuvering within cultural opportunities to make more explicitly political claims.
Seek and Ye Shall Find
Authors: Fahlberg Anjuli 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The Conclusion returns to broader questions of what we can learn from Cidade de Deus about activism in conflict zones. The chapter begins by reflecting on the daily lives of residents in Cidade de Deus and how this is depicted in the media, which overwhelmingly focuses on violence while silencing stories about non-violent organizing. It also considers whether a more unified and consolidated favela-based social movement might emerge in the future. Finally, the chapter considers how the ability of CDD’s activists to adapt and reconfigure in light of changing political environments offers hope that non-violent collective action will be sustained in other times and spaces of armed conflict and political repression.
Role of Caregivers
Authors: Murdaugh Donna L. , O’Toole Kathleen M. , King Tricia Z. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter discusses the effectiveness of C-READY skill training in leading to new communication patterns between caregivers and youth. Working with caregivers to develop new responses to their youth can be challenging and requires understanding of the family system. One of the key benefits of caregiver involvement is the generalization of skills in the clinic setting to real-life settings. The therapist coaches the caregiver to become the co-therapist while understanding the caregiver’s needs and possible frustrations. This chapter helps the reader conceptualize the program’s demands and impact on the caregiver, as well as how to maximize the relationships among therapist, caregiver, and youth.
Segregated Time
Authors: Brendese P.J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When Martin Luther King Jr. argued on behalf of civil rights he was told that he was “too soon.” Today, those demanding reparations for slavery are told they are “too late.” What time is it? Or perhaps the appropriate question is: whose time is it? These questions point to a phenomenon of segregated time: how certain political subjects are viewed as occupants of different time zones, how experiences of time diverge across peoples, and how these divergent temporal spheres entwine to serve white supremacy. While racial segregation and inequality are typically conceived in terms of space, Segregated Time explores how they are also sustained through impositions on human time. In this study, P. J. Brendese takes a time-sensitive approach to race as it pertains to the acceleration of human disposability, dynamic identity formation, and the production and allocation of economic goods. The chapters examine the temporal borders of migration politics, how the extended lifetimes of some are built on the foreshortened lives of others, how racial stigma conveys debt and “subprime time,” and how whiteness functions as a store of credit through time. Segregated Time illuminates the temporal orders whereby racial others are regarded as behind the times, violently cast out of time, compelled to “do time” in a carceral society, and forced to live on borrowed time in an epoch of climate catastrophe. Drawing upon a range of Africana, Latinx, and Indigenous political thought, Brendese advances an innovative theory of “white time” as a possessive, acquisitive, colonizing force.
Doing Time
Authors: Brendese P.J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter examines carcerality in the United States as a condition of racialized temporal theft and entrapment of those subject to arrest in time and space. It considers how segregated carceral temporalities extend well beyond prison spaces and time served. Contemporary mass incarceration is frequently understood to be a reactionary response to people of color moving “too fast” and igniting racial blowback. Complicating and appending such accounts, the chapter explores how race functions as a forward-looking predictive technology, while also registering innovative race-making projects emerging from nonlinear forms of temporal arrest and capture. The weaponization of time and criminalization of racial difference are co-implicated in the regeneration of segregated time where children of color are apprehended as sites of future dangerousness. The insularity, myopia, and deafness of white temporality spurs reflections on forms of “white noise” and affective economies of pleasure and cruelty that fortify segregated time. The last section situates the analysis of carceral temporality in the context of debates over prison abolition by avowing the haunting copresence of slavery and colonial dispossession that conjoins the segregated time of prison system to racial capitalism and imperial futurity. The chapter initiates the kind of time-sensitive theoretical promiscuity the foregoing analysis enjoins by staging an encounter between decolonial theory, Michel Foucault, and Black Panther revolutionary George Jackson.
Killing Time
Authors: Brendese P.J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter engages the temporal, as opposed to merely spatial, borders of Latinx immigration and detention, as well as evolving forms of punishment, attrition, and modes of longer-term wasting—such as the indefinite exploitation of temporary labor. Treating Foucauldian discipline and biopolitics as synchronic, rather than diachronic, the chapter disturbs the temporal stages he assigns to each while also illuminating nonlinear, dynamic race-making processes that go missing when migration is addressed with respect to territoriality alone. This, in turn, allows us to see how discipline and biopolitics function simultaneously for racialized ends. The strategy of casting racial/ethnic others as a viral epidemic to be documented, quarantined, and even exterminated—and to justify present-day states of emergency—resonates with what Foucault referred to as the “plague dream.” At the same time, the foreshortened life-spans of Latinx immigrants are also employed to shore up endemic contingencies and random events for the benefit of white time. The immunity paradigm provides interpretive insight into the simultaneity of disciplinary and biopolitical powers, while also illuminating the apparent contradiction in American politics whereby immigrants are alternately regarded as both a cure and a disease over time. The chapter closes by drawing sustenance from Latinx resistance, which is figured in temporal terms by dramatizing the role of immigrant presence in the prevailing temporal order.
End Times
Authors: Brendese P.J. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter analyzes the segregated apocalypse now: a split temporality wherein right-wing racial chauvinists regard threats to white supremacy as apocalyptic, political realists worry about the world-ending powers of nuclear warfare, and left environmentalists tremble at the planetary destruction of ecocide. Intriguingly, many who regard the end of white supremacy in world-ending terms simultaneously deny the imminent catastrophe of climate change. Amid a growing apprehension that the credit value of whiteness is under siege, the chapter examines the threat of white disposability under the pejorative “white trash” as a fluid interlocution of race-making and waste-making. The chapter sketches the production of liminal whiteness and expendability of the poor as a distinct breed in colonial times through modern and contemporary innovations of white backwardness in US politics. The conflagration of the desire for white temporal sovereignty combined with the production of white trash functions as a politically meaningful accelerant of racial resentment and climate disavowal in segregated time.
Queer Posthumanism
Authors: Henry Claire 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Chapter 4 turns to the critical alignment between queer theory and posthumanism. Drawing on theorists such as Patricia MacCormack and Rosi Braidotti, the chapter sets out key conceptual figures of queer posthumanism that cut across theory and cinema, including the cyborg, the monster, and the collective. Being John Malkovich (Spike Jonze, 1999) is addressed as a prototypical example of the cyborg’s queer potential and compared with Jonze’s later film Her (2013) and Brandon Cronenberg’s Possessor (2020) to trace the analog to digital queering of heteronormative humanist selfhood across time, genre, and auteur preoccupations. The chapter then turns to the figures of the monster and collective within revolutionary films by independent queer auteurs. Born in Flames (Lizzie Borden, 1983) is discussed as a prototype of queer posthumanist vision in independent cinema for its genre hybridity, political fury, utopianism, and centering of collectivity. Bruce LaBruce’s zombie films, Otto; or, Up with Dead People (2008) and L.A. Zombie (2010), and the third film of Shu Lea Cheang’s postporn trilogy Fluidø (2017) are analyzed for the ways they use monstrosity, collectivity, and genre hybridity to achieve radical utopian queer posthuman ends. The chapter’s diverse examples demonstrate how film theorizes the intersection of the queer and posthuman as they transcend boundaries, upset dichotomies, and challenge the cisgender heterosexual male as the foundational figure of humanism.