bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A PyrR Regulating the Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Lost Antibacterial Ability Using CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knock-out for Metabolic Engineering at Lactobacillus casei
Authors: Chen Shaojun , Li Gang , Bao Jun , Qin Ziliang , He Xinmiao , Wang Wentao , Nai Zida , Xia Jiqiao , Liu Di , Jiang Xinpeng 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Lactobacillus casei had four possible probiotic roles, such as antimicrobial antagonism, competitional adhesion, immunoregulation and inhibition of bacterial toxin. The complex environment of gut microbe blocked to explore the antimicrobial scheme through genetics, metabolomics, proteomics, and signal transduction wth Lactobacillus casei. The genome editing Lactobacillus and germ-free animal provided the similar studying model of cell signal pathways to fully elucidate the probiotic mechanisms in animal.
Results
To delineate the metabolic reactions of nucleotides from L. casei associated with mechanisms of inhibiting pathogens and immunoregulation, we report the PyrR gene which was an important regulon to promote the pyrimidine biosynthesis, and PyrR deficient L. casei strain was successfully constructed with CRISPR-Cas9D10A tool. There were some changes with the basic biological characterization, such as decreasing the growth, auxotroph and morphological damage in the PyrR deficient strain. The metabolic profiles of supernatant between PyrR deficient and wild strain revealed a complementary regulation from other metabolic pathways within decreasing pyrimidine biosynthesis. Besides, the PyrR deficient strain significantly lost the character of inhibiting the growth of pathogens. We further identify PyrR regulating pyrimidine biosynthesis, which further improved the internalization and colocalization with the development of macrophages.
Conclusions
Evidence shows that PyrR gene is an active key for regulating pyrimidine biosynthesis in L. casei supernatant against a wide range of pathogens. The complementary regulation for the PyrR deficient could no inhibit the growth of pathogens, and immune regulation in the macrophages from mice. Thus, the deletion of PyrR in L. casei lost the probiotic character of antimicrobial antagonism and immunoregulation.
Sugar Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Its Associated Factors Among Adolescents in Rural and Urban Areas of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Gbadebo Abiola , Sholeye Oluwafolahan , Gbadebo Fatai 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: Globally, there has been an increasing trend in the consumption of sugar- sweetened beverages (SSBs) among adolescents and young adults; particularly in the LMIC In Nigeria. SSBs constitute a significant proportion of beverages consumed by adolescents. Excessive consumption of SSBs is associated with major risk factors driving the global burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and have been implicated in the increased prevalence of diet-related NCDs. This study assessed sugar sweetened beverage consumption and its associated factors among adolescents in rural and urban areas of Ogun state, Nigeria.
Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study conducted among in-school adolescents in rural and urban areas of Ogun State selected via multistage sampling method. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analysed with the aid of SPSS 23.0. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, and the level of significance was set at a 95% confidence interval with a P value ≤ 0.05.
Results: A total of 1800 in-school adolescents participated in this study, with 99.0% response rate. The lifetime prevalence of SSB consumption was higher in the rural (96%), than in urban area (85.9%). This is significantly associated with the location of respondents (χ2=55.875; p =0.001). Similarly, the current prevalence of SSB consumption was higher in the rural (77.6%), than in urban area (74.6%). Age (AOR=0.47, 95%CI=0.23-0.99) and mother’s education (AOR=8.80, 95%CI=1.35-57.41) were predictors of SSB consumption among adolescents in the rural area, while ethnicity was the only predictor of SSB consumption among adolescents in the urban area (AOR=0.12, 95%CI=0.02-0.95).
Conclusion: The prevalence of SSB consumption (lifetime and current) was high among adolescents both in the rural and urban groups. Efforts should be made to institute strategies to reduce SSB consumption, and also provide nutrition education to adolescents, that will influence them in making healthier food choices.
Diversity, relative abundance and distribution of avian fauna in three states of East Sudan
Authors: Baraka Abdelgani Gumaa Abdelmuala , Kanno Ibrahim Osman , Musa Faisal Ismail 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The study of avifaunal diversity is an essential ecological tool, which acts as an important indicator to evaluate different habitat condition both qualitatively and quantitatively. Birds are play ecological functions, which include disease regulation, biomass recycling, seed dispersal of fleshy fruits, and pollination. The study was aimed to assess the diversity and distribution of bird species in east Sudan. The result of this finding is valuable data base on area to game orders, area specific management planers, conservationists, ecologists and provides baseline information for different scientific recommendation. Study was conducted in three states; Red Sea, Kassalaa and El Gadarif states in represent eastern States in Sudan. A point transect count aided by binocular was employed to investigate avian species diversity and distribution. Biodiversity indexes were used to calculate the bird species diversity and one way-ANOVA. All together (43) birds species belonging to (11) orders. The highest number of birds observed was Village Weaver (11.7%) belonging to order of Passeriformes. While the orders identified with the highest numbers of different bird species were Accipitriformes (18.6%); and Passeriformes (18.6). The maximum number of birds observed during in states was El Gadarif (45.3%). it concluded that the area has good potential for bird watching tourism that can integrate economic gain with biodiversity conservation. Hence, urgent conservation measures and further detail research is recommended.
Study protocol - Ascertaining the career Intentions of UK Medical Students (AIMS) post-graduation: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ferreira Tomas , Collins Alexander M. , Horvath Rita 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background
Among doctors in the United Kingdom, there is growing sentiment regarding delaying specialist training, emigrating to practice medicine abroad, or leaving the profession altogether. This may have significant implications for the future of the profession in the UK. The extent to which this sentiment is also present in the medical student population is unknown.
Methods
The AIMS study is a national, multi-institution, cross-sectional study of all medical students at all medical schools in the United Kingdom. It will be administered via an online questionnaire and disseminated through a collaborative network recruited for this purpose. Our primary outcome is to determine current medical students’ career intentions after graduation and upon completing the Foundation Programme, and to establish the motivations behind these intentions. Secondary outcomes include determining which, if any, demographic factors alter the propensity to pursue different career paths available to a medical graduate, determining which specialties medical students plan on pursuing and understanding current views on the prospect of working in the National Health Service (NHS). Both quantitative analysis and thematic analysis will be used.
Discussion
Doctors’ career satisfaction within the NHS is a well-researched topic, however, there is a shortage of high-powered studies able to offer insight into medical students’ outlook on their future careers. It is anticipated that the results from this study will bring clarity to this issue. Identified areas of improvement in medical training or within the NHS could be targeted to improve doctors' working conditions and help retain medical graduates. Results may also aid future workforce planning efforts.
Trial Registration:
Not Applicable.
Contrasting patterns in growth attributes, root traits plasticity, and defence mechanism of maize under deficit moisture and phosphorus supply
Authors: Hussain Hafiz Athar , Qingwen Zhang , Hussain Saddam , Naqvi Rubab Zahra , Atif Rana Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad , Ain Qurat ul , Imran Asma 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background: The phosphorus uptake in plants is decreased due to soil water deficiency which negatively affects plant growth. How the interaction of soil moisture and P deficiency affects the morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of plants is still little known.
Methods: This study investigates physiological and biochemical responses of maize hybrids under interaction of moisture and P deficit conditions. Three levels of water (well-watered, moderate drought, severe drought) and P-supply (P100, P50, and P0) were used for two maize hybrids.
Results: The interaction of water and P-deficiency (60% and 40% FC along with P50 or P0) reduced the shoot and root traits, and P uptake in both maize cultivars. The activities of SOD, total protein, free proline, and total reducing sugar were increased with decreasing water and P-supply but response of POD and CAT remained variable. The significant upregulation of ZmNAC111 was noted under 40%FC with P100 treatment, but no such effects were recorded under 100%FC at all P treatments in both cultivars. The expression of ZmPHR1.1 and ZmPHR1.2 was increased with reducing P supply, but higher expression was observed at P0 at 60%FC and 40%FC, which indicates these are key genes for P-deficiency tolerance.
Conclusions: Overall, P0 with 60% and 40%FC caused severe reductions in growth traits among P levels but 40%FC was most destructive at all levels of P-supply. These findings would be helpful to understand the drought and low P tolerance mechanism of maize and provide future directions for regulation of responsive genes for developing tolerant maize cultivars.
Global well-posedness and exponential decay of strong solutions for 2D nonhomogeneous Magneto-Micropolar equations with density-dependent viscosity
Authors: Liu Min 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We study an initial boundary value problem of 2D nonhomogeneous magneto-micropolar equations with density-dependent viscosity in smooth bounded domains. When the initial density can contain vacuum states, we prove that there is a unique global strong solution for the system under the assumption that initial velocity is suitably small. In particular, the initial data can be arbitrarily large except the gradient of velocity. Finally, we obtain the exponential decay rates of strong solutions by using the energy method.
MSC(2010). 35Q35, 76D03.
Admet, Biological Activity Prediction and Docking Studies of Main Phytoconstituents Present in Eucalyptus Using Computational Tools
Authors: G Krishna Kishor H , A Hithash S , P Navneet karanth , G Shreya U 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In-silico studies and computational tools are widely used in the field of drug discovery and drug design because of the advantages that they offer over traditional methods, such as reduced time and cost. Eucalyptus, scientific name Eucalyptus globulus, family Myrtaceae, has long been known to possess medicinal properties, evidenced by its inclusion in many herbal formulations by traditional systems of medicine. Its activity is mainly due to mixture of volatile oils, terprnoids esters ketones etc. In this study, the most active of the phytoconstituents were screened using multiple sources to analyze their suitability as new drug molecules. First, the SMILES of the constituents were obtained using PubChem, an online chemical database. These SMILES were then used to predict the various parameters of the compounds using ADMETLab 2.0, which gave results about the constituents’ physicochemical properties, medicinal chemistry, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity parameters. Then the molecules were screened in PASS Online, an online activity predictor, which indicated that 5 of the constituents were mainly antieczemic in their activity, with the remaining constituents showing mainly carminative activity and also some antineoplastic activity. To test the antieczemic activity of the compounds, they were imported into the docking software Maestro by Schrodinger, where they were prepared using LigPrep, and were docked against the human histamine receptor in complex with doxepin obtained from PDB (Protein ID:3RZE), using the compound flucloxacillin (-7.708) as a synthetic standard. Among the phytoconstituents assessed spathulenol showed highest antieczemic activity (-6.368) compared to the standard flucloxacillin.
Metastases to the Kidney from Primary Lung Cancer : Clinicopathological analysis of six cases in a single center
Authors: lian hui , Pan Xinyu , Hong Bo , Min Jie , Huang Fengbo 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objectives: Cancer metastasis to the kidney is a rare event. We retrospectively analyzed Clinicopathologic characteristics in 6 cases of diagnosed renal metastases from primary lung Cancer. We also provide clinical follow-up data and brief review of the literature.
Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of TTF1, NapsinA, CK7, CK(AE1/AE3), P63, P40, CgA, PAX8, GATA-3 and Ki-67 in Primary tumor and metastases. Additionally, the clinical characteristics, imaging features, diagnosis, and treatment were analyzed.
Results: With the help of immunohistochemistry and combined clinical history, we found four cases were lung adenocarcinomas, one case was lung squamous cell carcinoma, and the other case was lung small cell carcinoma metastases to the kidney.The patients were all male by gender and had a mean age of 62 years, and metastasis to the left kidney were more universal. Most of the tumors histological grade originating from the lung were poorly-moderately differentiated, and the time to metastasis to the kidney was relatively short for squamous lung cancer and small cell lung cancer, while the time to metastasis for lung adenocarcinoma was related to its degree of differentiation. Overall, we found the prognosis of lung cancer patients with renal metastases were poor especially with multi-site metastases.
Conclusions: Distinguishing primary and secondary tumors of the kidney is essential to guide treatment and prevent unnecessary surgery, so clinical information, radiology, histological correlation of the primary tumor, and immunohistochemical findings help the pathologist determine correct diagnosis.
Medical Expulsive Therapy (Met) in adults with ureteral calculi: A prospective evaluation of Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Pandey Abhishek , Mandal Swarnendu , K Santosh , Gaur Abhay Singh , Das Manoj K , Nayak Prasant 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for ureteral stones predominantly assess the pain. Despite the lack of evidence, multiple trials studying the efficacy of medical expulsive therapy (MET) have used PROs to define spontaneous stone passage (SSP). We aim to objectively evaluate the accuracy of PROs to predict successful SSP and the probability of patient’s symptom resolution after stone passage. Methods: A single-center, prospective observational study recruiting adults with isolated, uncomplicated, ≤ 10 mm ureteral calculus was conducted. All patients received four weeks of MET, and SSP was confirmed by low-dose non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). The accuracy of PROs: “pain cessation,” “decreased pain,” “stone seen,” and “stone capture” to predict successful SSP was evaluated at one month. The patient’s symptom resolution rate was assessed at one and four-month follow-ups. Results: A total of 171 patients were included, and the overall SSP rate was 66.4% (n = 99). Patient-reported pain cessation, stone visualization, and stone capture were associated with successful SSP, but their accuracy was 59%, 53%, and 43%, respectively. Moreover, 25% of patients reporting complete pain cessation still harbored ureteral calculus. Pain resolved in 91% of patients after SSP at a four-month follow-up. While hematuria and nausea resolved in all patients, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were not resolved in 17% of patients. Conclusions: We concluded that patient-reported pain cessation, stone visualization, and stone capture predict successful SSP, but confirmatory imaging is required due to the poor accuracy of these measures. The significant rates of non-pain-related symptoms indicate their significant contribution to patient morbidity.
Supplementation of nicotinic acid and its derivatives up-regulates cellular NAD+ level rather than nicotinamide derivatives in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Oyama Takahiro , Yamamoto Takumi , Kameda Takeshi , Kamiya Takanori , Abe Hideaki , Abe Takehiko , Tanuma Sei-ichi 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD+) is an important component for various biological processes in mammalian cells, such as energy production, redox state maintenance, and gene regulation. In most mammalian cells, NAD+ is produced by vitamin B3, including nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinic acid (NA). Recently, NAD+ up-regulation therapy has attracted attention for suppressing the aging processes, called rejuvenation. Although various enzymes participate in the NAD+ production pathway, some enzymes are lacking in particular cells. Therefore, it is thought that the suitable material for NAD+ production varies with the types of cells. However, the optimization of the NAD+-precursor for use in topical formulations has rarely been considered. In this study, we asked which precursor is suitable for application against human skin keratinocytes. As a result, NA supplementation 1.3-fold up-regulated intracellular NAD+ level significantly, even with a nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitor, FK866, and its metabolites NA mononucleotide also increased NAD+ level by1.5-fold with 100 μM application. Surprisingly, NAM and its derivatives could not up-regulate cellular NAD+ levels in keratinocytes. The NA supplementation also up-regulated mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), which indicates the effect for mitochondria. NA also alleviated rotenone-induced mitochondrial ROS accumulation. These results suggest that NA can be used for topical application for skin rejuvenation.
Augmented Reality Used in Cultural Heritage: a Systematic Review
Authors: IBIŞ Ali , ALP Neşe ÇAKICI 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
With the development of Augmented Reality (AR) technology, the products developed in this field have become widespread. Today, AR technologies, which are used in many fields such as education, health, and tourism, are also widely used in architecture. It is aimed to research the studies on the use of AR technology for the conservation of architecture and cultural heritage, to reach academic publications and to obtain information about the subject. Cultural heritage sites are the common heritage of humanity in terms of historical, aesthetic, and artistic values. This heritage is being damaged by the developing city and vandalism and is even in danger of extinction. It is impossible to protect cultural heritage and transfer it to future generations with current technologies and conservation methods. AR technology can help preserve cultural heritage and pass it on to future generations. This study identifies relevant research in AR, architecture, and cultural heritage. It aims to evaluate technology’s development process from the past to the present. In the study, the articles in the field of AR are listed in two different databases (ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore). In which these research were carried out, the place and importance of architecture in these areas were analyzed. Since the study proceeded in a systematic order, the subject was narrowed, and 14 articles in the cultural heritage field were examined in detail. Applications and equipment used in academic studies on cultural heritage are added as a table. Our opinions on using applications and equipment developed for AR to protect cultural heritage are presented in the conclusion section.
Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolite-x From Coal Fly Ash Obtained From Thermal Power Plant of Gujarat State: a Parametric Optimization Approach
Authors: Tirva Divya , Palkar Ritesh Ramesh 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
The coal fly ash (CFA) is generally referred as waste generated. The authors tried to convert the waste into the useful product like Zeolite. The coal fly ash (Class-F) was used to synthesize Zeolite-X that was obtained from Mundra thermal power plant, Gujarat, India. In this present work, an alkaline fusion hydrothermal treatment method with and without seeding of sodium aluminate was employed for the synthesis. The purpose of this study is to maximize zeolite-X crystallization that is derived CFA. In addition to this study, authors also optimized the hydrothermal parameters using the L9 orthogonal Taguchi methodology. The operational parameters examined are: fusion temperature, fusion time, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio and concentration of alkaline solution. The effect of the selected parameters on the crystallization of zeolite-X was investigated using analysis mean (ANOM) and variance (ANOVA) method. Fly ash is transformed into zeolite by alkaline treatment with NaOH solution with varying molarity from 1 M to 3 M at 90 °C. The XRF study of CFA reveals predominant composition of quartz (SiO2), mullite (Al2O3.SiO2) and small quantity of hematite and magnetite. The effect of various parameters such as alkaline solution concentration, fusion temperature, crystallization time and seeding on the synthesis of zeolite formation has been studied. The highly crystalline zeolite (ZT-5) was obtained at 0.3 M NaOH solution at fusion temperature 550 °C with 90 hours of crystallization time with seeding of NaAlO3. The XRD pattern of zeolite (ZT-5) exhibits sharp peaks from 20°- 40° contrary to the CFA graph. The SEM images depict the transformation in morphology of CFA from smooth spherical texture to highly crystalline lattice structure. FT-IR absorption band reports sharp stretch around 440 cm-1 and 460 cm-1 and weak bend at 660 cm-1 and 694 cm-1 represents the relative O-T-O deformation and the alteration in shape of the Al-O-H bonds.
Accumulation of high-energy phosphates blocks the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers in soleus muscle under 24 hours of rat hindlimb suspension
Authors: Lvova Irina D. , Sharlo Kristina A. , Vilchinskaya Natalia A. , Sidorenko Daria A. , Sharlo Dmitrii T. , Shenkman Boris S. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Under the initial stage of muscle mechanical unloading, the skeletal muscle undergo accumulation of high-energy phosphates followed by AMP-dependent proteinkinase (AMPK) inactivation. Since AMPK is known to activate mitochondrial biogenesis, it cannot be excluded that AMPK inactivation results in oxidative potential decrease at the later stages of muscle unloading. We decided to test the role of the accumulation of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle fibers in the inactivation of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators at an early stage of muscle unloading. To reduce the ATP/ADP ratio, we used beta-guanidine propionic acid, and the obtained data indicating that already during the first day of simulated microgravity, the accumulation of high-energy phosphates can reduce the expression level of mRNA of the key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis PGC1α, the transcription factor TFAM, as well as the mitochondrial fusion regulator - mitofusin-1. A number of other parameters of mitochondrial signaling were not subject to changes at this time-point. Thus, we demonstrated the role of the ATP/ADP ratio in the inactivation of several regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in the postural soleus muscle at an early stage of functional unloading.