bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How are financial institutions enabling online fraud? A developmental online financial fraud policy review
Authors: Cole Tessa 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
The criminalization of online financial fraud is examined by analyzing the existing literature, policies and state statutes within the context of the cybercrime ecosystem. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate online fraud policies within the USA and the prevalence of such incidents to explore the effectiveness of current fraud policies.

Design/methodology/approach
This examination explores policies related to online fraud within the USA by defining online financial fraud incidents within the context of the cybercrime ecosystem and analyzing such incidents with routine activities theory to emphasize the current legislative inadequacies with provisional policy recommendations.

Findings
This research suggests online financial fraud is not unanimously conceptualized among regulating or criminal institutions. Although federal regulators have governed financial institutions, federal institutions have failed to account for the capabilities of computer-mediated and technological device use (12 USC §1829).

Research limitations/implications
The limited research analyzing the effectiveness of guardianship that prevents or deters internet-mitigated or dependent financial fraud crimes.

Practical implications
Policy recommendations include but are not limited to mandating federal and privatized financial institutions to disclose all fraudulent activity to all stakeholders (e.g. customers and local and federal criminal justice agencies).

Originality/value
This paper provides an innovative approach using a criminological theory and policy framework to examine the prevalence of online fraud and the regulations enacted to counteract such violations.
Understanding employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior in public organizations – an integrative theory approach
Authors: Al Zaidi Sameera Mohamed , Iyanna Shilpa , Jabeen Fauzia , Mehmood Khalid 
Published: January 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the impact of situational factors and internal psychological states on employees’ decisions to perform voluntary pro-environmental behavior. This study used a model combining the theory of planned behavior, norm activation model and comprehensive action determination model. This stud also explored the moderating role of habit (HAB) on the relationship between intention and actual voluntary pro-environmental behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through three waves of time-lagged survey questionnaires from 519 employees of public organizations in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Findings
Employees’ perceptions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) had a significant impact on intention to perform voluntary pro-environmental behavior, as did all other variables except perceived behavioral control. HABs related to pro-environmental behavior enhanced the relationship between intention and actual behavior.

Practical implications
The main factors influencing employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavioral intentions were perceived CSR, personal moral norms, organizational citizenship behaviors toward the environment and attitude. Public organization planners, managers and practitioners can use these findings to improve their organization’s environmental performance, leveraging nonmandated actions.

Social implications
Employees can achieve a better work–life balance in organizations with flexible CSR policies and which sponsor social activities to improve public well-being and individuals’ life quality. Positive sense-making of corporate social activity helps employees develop social interactions with stakeholders, increasing their involvement in society and decreasing work stress.

Originality/value
This study sheds light on the factors influencing employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to combine these three models to explain the variables affecting intent to perform voluntary pro-environmental behavior in the workplace.
Seed dormancy revisited: Dormancy‐release pathways and environmental interactions
Authors: Lamont Byron B. , Pausas Juli G. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Many internal (inherent) and environmental (imposed) factors control seed dormancy and germination that we divide into three basic dormancy‐release pathways: Maternal structures and embryo physiology control inherent dormancy that is broken by various types of scarification and physiological changes, followed by imposed‐dormancy release when the prevailing environment is replaced by certain ‘standard’ conditions that stimulate germination (Pathway 1); imposed dormancy prevails even if inherent dormancy is broken or not applicable that is released when replaced by certain ‘standard’ environmental conditions which stimulate germination (Pathway 2); and release from inherent dormancy by light/dark or cold stratification is contingent on the pre‐existence of certain environmental conditions that stimulate germination (Pathway 3).

On‐plant seed storage (serotiny) and frugivorous seeds are recognized here as representing special types of physical dormancy, as their properties are consistent with those of hard diaspores. Warm stratification does not require seeds to be moist as it is just a physical response. Heat may promote germination of non‐hard, as well as hard, seeds as it may increase their permeability further.

Levels of germination gauge the net effect of inherent‐ and imposed‐dormancy release so that it is only possible to identify the extent of inherent‐dormancy release when conditions for germination are optimal (imposed dormancy has been annulled). While imposed dormancy may be protracted after inherent dormancy is broken by heat or chilling during the dry or cold seasons, release from both states may effectively coincide if smoke chemicals or light are received during the (wet) growing season.

We suggest reserving the term secondary dormancy for seeds that return to (inherent or imposed) dormancy due to changed environmental conditions. Under seasonal climates, fluctuations in environmental conditions can lead to secondary dormancy and even dormancy cycling.

We recognize four types of functional interactions between any two environmental factors that induce inherent‐dormancy release: binary interactions are ineffective, only one stimulus is effective, both are effective but non‐additive, or both are additive/synergistic. Two environmental stimuli that individually break dormancy but have no additive effect must be affecting the same process; this was demonstrated here for some interactions between heat and smoke.

The three dormancy‐release pathways, together with internal, seasonal and stochastic interactions, are coordinated by the non‐dormant seed to ensure maximum germination under optimal conditions. To ignore any aspect outlined here leads to an impoverished understanding of the disparate seed ecology of species adapted to different stressful and disturbance‐prone habitats.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Undersowing oats with clovers supports pollinators and suppresses arable weeds without reducing yields
Authors: Boetzl Fabian A. , Douhan Sundahl Anna , Friberg Hanna , Viketoft Maria , Bergkvist Göran , Lundin Ola 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Sustainable food production requires agriculture to conserve biodiversity and facilitate ecosystem services to maintain productivity levels while reducing inputs detrimental to ecosystem functioning. Increasing within‐field vegetation diversity by legume intercropping seems promising to facilitate cropping system multi‐functionality. Effects of intercropping with legumes on biodiversity‐mediated ecosystem services such as pollination or natural pest control are, however, not sufficiently understood.

Using 26 observation plots in a paired field design, we studied the effects of undersowing oats with a mixture of three annual clovers across different aspects of cropping system multi‐functionality. We investigated 16 below‐ and above‐ground ecosystem service indicators related to soil mineral nitrogen, arable weed control, pollination, disease and pest pressures, natural pest control and crop yield.

We found lower arable weed cover, higher flower cover and pollinator densities as well as decreased root‐feeding nematode densities in intercropped observation plots compared with the non‐intercropped controls. However, intercropping decreased spider activity densities and oat yield nitrogen content. Root diseases, pest damages, natural pest control and crop yield were not affected by intercropping.

The biomass of undersown clovers was positively related with the differences in flower cover and pollinator densities, and negatively related with the differences in arable weed cover between the intercropped and the control treatment.

Synthesis and applications: We demonstrate that undersowing annual clovers suppresses arable weeds and simultaneously support pollinators without reducing crop yields or taking land out of arable production. Undersown plant mixtures should, however, be tailored to support a wider spectrum of pollinators and benefit natural pest control to support a higher level of overall cropping system multi‐functionality.
Climatic and vegetational controls of Holocene wildfire regimes in the boreal forest of northern Fennoscandia
Authors: Remy Cécile C. , Magne Gwenaël , Stivrins Normunds , Aakala Tuomas , Asselin Hugo , Seppä Heikki , Luoto Tomi , Jasiunas Nauris , Ali Adam A. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Climate change is expected to increase wildfire activity in boreal ecosystems, thus threatening the carbon stocks of these forests, which are currently the largest terrestrial carbon sink in the world. Describing the ecological processes involved in fire regimes in terms of frequency, size, type (surface vs. crown) and severity (biomass burned) would allow better anticipation of the impact of climate change on these forests. In Fennoscandia, this objective is currently difficult to achieve due to the lack of knowledge of long‐term (centuries to millennia) relationships between climate, fire and vegetation.

We investigated the causes and consequences of changes in fire regimes during the Holocene (last ~11,000 years) on vegetation trajectories in the boreal forest of northern Finland. We reconstructed fire histories from sedimentary charcoal at three sites, as well as vegetation dynamics from pollen, moisture changes from Sphagnum spore abundance at two sites, and complemented these analyses with published regional chironomid‐inferred July temperature reconstructions.

Low‐frequency, large fires were recorded during the warm and dry mid‐Holocene period (8500–4500 cal. year BP), whereas high‐frequency, small fires were more characteristic of the cool and wet Neoglacial period (4500 cal. year BP onward). A higher proportion of charcoal particles with a woody aspect—characterizing crown fires—was recorded at one of the two sites at times of significant climatic and vegetational changes, when the abundance of Picea abies was higher.

Synthesis. Our results show both a direct and an indirect effect of climate on fire regimes in northern Fennoscandia. Warm and dry periods are conducive to large surface fires, whereas cool and moist periods are associated with small fires, either crown or surface. Climate‐induced shifts in forest composition also affect fire regimes. Climatic instability can alter vegetation composition and structure and lead to fuel accumulation favouring stand‐replacing crown fires. Considering the ongoing climate warming and the projected increase in extreme climatic events, Fennoscandian forests could experience a return to a regime of large surface fires, but stand‐replacing crown fires will likely remain a key ecosystem process in areas affected by climatic and/or vegetational instability.
The need for an integrated multi‐OMICs approach in microbiome science in the food system
Authors: Ferrocino Ilario , Rantsiou Kalliopi , McClure Ryan , Kostic Tanja , de Souza Rafael Soares Correa , Lange Lene , FitzGerald Jamie , Kriaa Aicha , Cotter Paul , Maguin Emmanuelle , Schelkle Bettina , Schloter Michael , Berg Gabriele , Sessitsch Angela , Cocolin Luca ,   The MicrobiomeSupport Consortium
Published: January 2023

AbstractMicrobiome science as an interdisciplinary research field has evolved rapidly over the past two decades, becoming a popular topic not only in the scientific community and among the general public, but also in the food industry due to the growing demand for microbiome‐based technologies that provide added‐value solutions. Microbiome research has expanded in the context of food systems, strongly driven by methodological advances in different ‐omics fields that leverage our understanding of microbial diversity and function. However, managing and integrating different complex ‐omics layers are still challenging. Within the Coordinated Support Action MicrobiomeSupport (https://www.microbiomesupport.eu/), a project supported by the European Commission, the workshop “Metagenomics, Metaproteomics and Metabolomics: the need for data integration in microbiome research” gathered 70 participants from different microbiome research fields relevant to food systems, to discuss challenges in microbiome research and to promote a switch from microbiome‐based descriptive studies to functional studies, elucidating the biology and interactive roles of microbiomes in food systems. A combination of technologies is proposed. This will reduce the biases resulting from each individual technology and result in a more comprehensive view of the biological system as a whole. Although combinations of different datasets are still rare, advanced bioinformatics tools and artificial intelligence approaches can contribute to understanding, prediction, and management of the microbiome, thereby providing the basis for the improvement of food quality and safety.
Quorum‐quenching enzymes: Promising bioresources and their opportunities and challenges as alternative bacteriostatic agents in food industry
Authors: Wang Dangfeng , Cui Fangchao , Ren Likun , Li Jianrong , Li Tingting 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe problems of spoilage, disease, and biofilm caused by bacterial quorum‐sensing (QS) systems have posed a significant challenge to the development of the food industry. Quorum‐quenching (QQ) enzymes can block QS by hydrolyzing or modifying the signal molecule, making these enzymes promising new candidates for use as antimicrobials. With many recent studies of QQ enzymes and their potential to target foodborne bacteria, an updated and systematic review is necessary. Thus, the goals of this review were to summarize what is known about the effects of bacterial QS on the food industry; discuss the current understanding of the catalytic mechanisms of QQ enzymes, including lactonase, acylase, and oxidoreductase; and describe strategies for the engineering and evolution of QQ enzymes for practical use. In particular, this review focuses on the latest progress in the application of QQ enzymes in the field of food. Finally, the current challenges limiting the systematic application of QQ enzymes in the food industry are discussed to help guide the future development of these important enzymes.
Development and validation of a LC–MS/MS method for analysis of vortioxetine in postmortem specimens. First data from an authentic case
Authors: Zuccarello Pietro , Carnazza Giulia , Barbera Nunziata 
Published: January 2023

AbstractVortioxetine is an antidepressant recently licensed in USA and EU for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Neither fatal case due to overdose nor data about postmortem concentrations on blood or other specimens have been reported. The aims of this study were the development and validation of a method for vortioxetine analysis by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) in postmortem samples and its application in an authentic case. The method was validated and applied on blood, vitreous humor, bile, brain, liver, kidney, and gastric content. After protein precipitation, the supernatant was directly injected into LC–MS/MS. Analysis was carried out by Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode. The authentic case concerned a 38 years‐old woman, affected by depression, who was found hanged at home. The method determined an acceptable sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy for all matrices. No interference was shown for all matrices. The matrices do not significantly reduce the peak intensity of vortioxetine. No carryover was shown. Toxicological analysis of the authentic case showed vortioxetine in blood (234 ng/ml), vitreous humor (10.5 ng/ml), brain (490 ng/g), lung (479 ng/g), liver (3751 ng/g), kidney (798 ng/g), bile (2267 ng/ml) and gastric content (253 ng/ml). Our case suggests that even at blood concentrations of vortioxetine equal to 234 ng/ml, the subject was able to stage and carry out the hanging. Vortioxetine concentrations found in the other cadaveric samples (biological fluids, organs, and gastric content) may be helpful to evaluate further similar comparable cases.
Early prediction of hospital admission of emergency department patients
Authors: Kishore Kartik , Braitberg George , Holmes Natasha E , Bellomo Rinaldo 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThe early prediction of hospital admission is important to ED patient management. Using available electronic data, we aimed to develop a predictive model for hospital admission.MethodsWe analysed all presentations to the ED of a tertiary referral centre over 7 years. To our knowledge, our data set of nearly 600 000 presentations is the largest reported. Using demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, triage, vital signs, pathology data and keywords in electronic notes, we trained a machine learning (ML) model with presentations from 2015 to 2020 and evaluated it on a held‐out data set from 2021 to mid‐2022. We assessed electronic medical records (EMRs) data at patient arrival (baseline), 30, 60, 120 and 240 min after ED presentation.ResultsThe training data set included 424 354 data points and the validation data set 53 403. We developed and trained a binary classifier to predict inpatient admission. On a held‐out test data set of 121 258 data points, we predicted admission with 86% accuracy within 30 min of ED presentation with 94% discrimination. All models for different time points from ED presentation produced an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ≥0.93 for admission overall, with sensitivity/specificity/F1‐scores of 0.83/0.90/0.84 for any inpatient admission at 30 min after presentation and 0.81/0.92/0.84 at baseline. The models retained lower but still high AUC levels when separated for short stay units or inpatient admissions.ConclusionWe combined available electronic data and ML technology to achieve excellent predictive performance for subsequent hospital admission. Such prediction may assist with patient flow.
Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the left main bronchus: A case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Limin , Li Huifang , Shen Wang , Wang Xinyun , Ai Cheng , Li Xuebing 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTracheal tumors are rare, accounting for 0.1% of all malignancies. Squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma are the two most prevalent tracheal cancers. Less than 20 cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the trachea and main bronchus have ever been documented in the literature, making it extremely uncommon. Although the origin of these lesions is unclear, viral pathogenesis and persistent inflammation are thought to be the main causes. Clinically, these individuals exhibit vague symptoms such as stridor, a persistent cough, dyspnea, or wheezing, making a correct diagnosis difficult.
Associations between enteral nutrition and outcomes in the SUP‐ICU trial: Protocol for exploratory post hoc analyses
Authors: Borthwick Mark , Granholm Anders , Marker Søren , Krag Mette , Lange Theis , Wise Matt P. , Bendel Stepani , Keus Frederik , Guttormsen Anne Berit , Schefold Joerg C. , Wetterslev Jørn , Perner Anders , Møller Morten Hylander ,   for the SUP‐ICU investigators
Published: January 2023

AbstractCritically ill patients are at risk of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Counter measures to minimise this risk include the use of pharmacological stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP). The effect of enteral nutrition as SUP on GI bleeding event rates is unknown. There are conflicting data describing the effect of co‐administration of enteral nutrition with pharmacological SUP, and there is substantial variation in practice. We aim to conduct an exploratory post hoc analysis to evaluate the association of enteral nutrition with clinically important GI bleed rates in ICU patients included in the SUP‐ICU trial, and to explore any interactions between enteral nutrition and pharmacologic SUP on patient outcomes. The SUP‐ICU trial dataset will be used to assess if enteral nutrition is associated with the outcomes of interest. Extended Cox models will be used considering relevant competing events, including treatment allocation (SUP or placebo) and enteral nutrition as a daily time‐varying covariate, with additional adjustment for severity of illness (SAPS II). Results will be presented as adjusted hazard ratios for treatment allocation and enteral nutrition, and for treatment allocation and enteral nutrition considering potential interactions with the other variable, all with 95% confidence intervals and p‐values for the tests of interaction. All results will be considered as exploratory only. This post hoc analysis may yield important insights to guide practice and inform the design of future randomised clinical trial investigating the effect of enteral nutrition on GI bleeding.
Anatomical and pathological characteristics of ribs in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and its relevance to soft tissue changes
Authors: Brimsholm Malin , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Hansen Tom , Trangerud Cathrine , Knutsen Geir Magne , Asserson Charlotte Finstad , Koppang Erling Olaf , Bjørgen Håvard 
Published: January 2023

AbstractStudies on the anatomical and pathological characteristics of ribs in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) are warranted due to their possible association with red and melanized focal changes (RFC and MFC) in the fillet, a major quality and animal welfare concern. In this work, we provide an anatomical description of ribs based on radiographical and histological analyses. We also address various pathological rib changes and their association to RFC and MFC. In total, 129 fish were investigated; captured wild (n = 10) and hatchery reared (n = 119) Atlantic salmon (3.5–6.1 kg). The fish were selected based on the macroscopic presence of RFC, MFC or no changes (controls). Radiographic results revealed costal abnormalities in all fish groups. By histological investigations of the variations herein, our results provide new insight into the anatomical characteristics including vascularization within the ribs; a potential site for haemorrhage following costal fractures. Costal fractures were detected by radiology in 40 of 129 samples (RFC: 38.4%, MFC: 47.2%, controls: 9.5 %). A statistically significant association was found between costal fractures and red (p = 0.007) and melanized changes (p = 0.000). However, red and melanized changes were also observed in samples with no costal fractures (n = 45), indicating that also other factors influence the development of RFC/MFC.