bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE ANIMAL MODEL OF EXERCISE REVEALS A MOLECULAR DETERMINANT OF LONG TERM HEALTH MAINTENANCE
Authors: Driscoll Monica 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
At all stages of life, both dynamic gene expression changes and events that “lock in” particular programs that promote health and maintenance are critical factors in aging trajectories. We have a long-term interest in the fundamental biology of healthy maintenance, a topic that has led us to consider multiple facets of healthspan. A powerful whole-organism intervention with maintenance-promoting, anti-disease, anti-aging impact is exercise. The molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate long-term system-wide exercise benefits, however, remain poorly understood, especially as applies to “off target” tissues that do not participate directly in training activity. We are investigating the basic biology of exercise benefits using the simple 959-celled model C. elegans. We found that multiple daily swim sessions are essential for exercise adaptation, leading to enhanced expression of muscle structural genes and improved locomotory performance. Importantly, swim exercise training enhances whole-animal health parameters such as mitochondrial respiration and mid-life survival, increases functional healthspan of pharynx and intestine, and enhances nervous system health by increasing learning ability of adults and protecting against neurodegeneration in models of tauopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Remarkably, swim training only during early adulthood induces long-lasting systemic benefits that in several cases are still detectable well into mid-life. Our investigation of the molecular requirements for long-term maintenance (“legacy effects”) revealed that deletion of the sole C. elegans extracellular superoxide dismutase gene SOD-4 changes this pattern. sod-4 mutants are able to swim train to gain measurable benefits, but do not maintain the healthspan improvements that wild type animals do, defining extracellular SOD-4 as a powerful mid-life maintenance factor associated with exercise experience. Our talk will discuss transcriptomic analysis of exercise and SOD-4, as well as our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms operative. Notably, mammalian extracellular SOD ecSOD has been shown to promote exercise associated health and protection against oxidative stress insults (PMID: 32220789 Yan, Spaulding 2020), implicating ecSOD in a conserved role for health maintenance and underscoring potential for therapeutic translation.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MEALTIME LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTICS IN NURSING HOME STAFF AND RESIDENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Authors: Liu Wen , Jao Ying-Ling , Yoon Si On 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Interactive staff-resident communication is crucial for nursing home residents with dementia requiring mealtime assistance. Effective communication may facilitate food intake and promote function and nutrition. However, understanding of staff and resident language characteristics in mealtime interactions is limited. This study examined language characteristics and associated factors in mealtime interactions. This was a secondary analysis using data from videotaped mealtime observations (N=160) involving 36 staff and 27 residents with moderate-to-severe dementia (53 staff-resident dyads) in 9 nursing homes. The dependent measures were 1) the number of words produced in each utterance (expression length), and 2) whether staff named the resident in each utterance (naming the resident). Mixed-effects models examined the effect of utterance quality (positive vs. negative utterances), intervention (pre- vs. post-communication training), and subject speaking (staff vs. resident), adjusting resident comorbidities and dementia stage. Staff (mean=4.30, SD=2.98) produced significantly longer utterances than residents (mean=2.64, SD=2.27). Expression length was modulated by utterance quality and intervention. Staff’s negative utterances were shorter than their positive utterances, while residents’ negative utterances were longer than their positive utterances. Staff’s negative utterances became longer after the intervention while the length of positive utterances remained similar pre- and post-intervention. Staff named the resident in 16.72% of their utterances and was more likely to name residents with severe dementia. Findings emphasize the potential benefit of communication training on mealtime interactions. Findings also highlight the need to further examine the impact of language characteristics on food intake, which may guide intervention development to promote nutrition for residents with dementia.
FIFTEEN-YEAR TRENDS IN THE PATTERNS OF MEAL TIMING AND EATING FREQUENCY AMONG US ADULTS
Authors: Farsijani Samaneh , Mao Ziling , Newman Anne 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Understanding patterns of eating behavior may provide insights into contributors to obesity and metabolic diseases. To characterize trends in meal timing and frequency in US population age &gt;19 years, we performed a serial cross-sectional analysis of 8 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2003-2018) on 34,470 adults (52.5% women and 21% black). Time of food and beverage intake was extracted from two 24-hour food recalls. The following meal timing measures were defined: 1) The time of the last and first calorie intake either from food or drink, 2) Eating window: The time elapsed between the first and last food intake, 3) Calorie midpoint time: The time when half of the calories for the day were consumed, 4) Late night eating: Consumption of ≥33% of total daily energy between 5:00pm and midnight, and 5) Eating frequency: Frequency of food or beverage consumption &gt;0 kcal which were &gt;15 minutes apart. From 2003 to 2018, survey-weighted mean (±SE) of eating window decreased from 12.21±0.06 to 12.02±0.05 hours/d (Ptrend=0.002). Time of the last calorie intake significantly decreased from 20.31±0.04 to 20.09±0.03 hours/d, while the time of first calorie intake and eating frequency remained unchanged. More than two-third of participants consumed ≥33% of total daily energy after 5:00pm. Over the 15-year span, composition of diet has also changed, including a decline in total calorie intake and percentage of energy from carbohydrate intake, while percentage of energy from dietary fats increased, Ptrend&lt; 0.05. Patterns of eating behavior have changed in American adults over time.
MEASURING PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF LATER LIFE DEPRESSION
Authors: Laine Abby , Steffen Ann 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Research linking behavioral health providers’ knowledge of later life depression to their clinical practices and patient outcomes is restricted by outdated measures. A multi-stage study was conducted to ameliorate this gap. Qualitative interviews with geropsychology content experts (N = 5) generated 49 true/false items capturing relevant concepts in later life depression, including brain health concerns. Additional content experts (N = 10) completed the questionnaire and a card sort task placing items into categories (Psychopathology, Assessment/Diagnosis, Treatment, Other) to understand measurement structure. This resulted in retention of 42 items. A random pool of licensed social workers (N=900) were mailed the survey packet with option to complete via return mail or online. This presentation will review scale psychometrics, reliability, and construct validity among MSWs from diverse clinical backgrounds. Associations between participant characteristics and knowledge of cognitive and other depressive symptoms will also be highlighted.
CLINICAL TOOLS TO ADDRESS BRAIN HEALTH CONCERNS IN THE CONTEXT OF LATER-LIFE DEPRESSION
Authors: Bergstrom Kelly 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
GSA’s revised KAER Toolkit for Primary Care Teams (Fall, 2021) is an important resource, yet the complexities of depressive and cognitive symptoms in aging individuals create particular challenges for generalist behavioral health providers. Mental health practitioners and their patients can benefit from evidence-based clinical intervention materials that address the intersection of depression and brain health concerns. This presentation highlights treatment strategies and clinical tools from the new Brain Health module of the revised 2021 client workbook Treating Later-Life Depression: A Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Approach from Oxford University Press. Examples will be presented of large print within-session “Learn pages” that inform both providers and patients about normative cognitive aging and ways in which cognitive functioning can be affected by depression. Between-session “Practice forms” will also be demonstrated that address lifestyle factors to promote brain health, consideration of whether to complete a cognitive evaluation, and strategies to manage brain health changes.
SELF-REPORTED DENTAL CONDITIONS AND MEMORY DECLINE: THE MEDIATION ROLE OF STROKE
Authors: Tan Chenxin , Luo Huabin , Qi Xiang , Wu Bei 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
The relationship between oral health and cognitive function has been studied extensively; however, little research has examined the underlying pathways. Using a cohort of 6,403 adults aged 51+ from the 2006-2010 English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, we analyzed the effect of changes in self-rated dental conditions on memory function (ranges 0-20) and the mediation effect of stroke using a causal mediation analysis framework. Controlling for socio-demographics, lifestyle, and health status, we found that compared with participants whose dental conditions remained the same, those who reported deterioration of dental conditions in 2006-2010 (N=1,755) experienced a steeper decline in memory function, with an average total effect of -0.22 (95% CI=-0.36, -0.07). The stroke incident had an average mediation effect of -0.007 (95% CI=-0.014, -0.001), representing 3% of the average total effect. The findings accentuate the importance of dental care access for older adults with exacerbated oral health problems.
A VISION FOR THE FUTURE OF ASSISTED LIVING RESEARCH: LEVERAGING ADMINISTRATIVE DATA TO STUDY QUALITY
Authors: Thomas Kali , Carder Paula , Smith Lindsey , Zimmerman Sheryl 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Because the assisted living industry is neither federally regulated nor federally licensed, methodologies to study the quality of long-term care used in other settings (e.g., annual inspection reports, resident assessment data) do not exist for the large and growing number of assisted living communities and their residents. The objective of this presentation is to present a vision for the future of assisted living research to inform quality using large, national datasets. To do this, the presenter will discuss existing approaches to identify and characterize assisted living communities and their residents using administrative data. A specific focus will be to highlight the opportunities and challenges associated with each approach. The presenter will offer suggestions for possible enhancements in existing approaches and next steps in the study of assisted living aimed at understanding and improving the quality of care delivered in these settings.
ELDER MALTREATMENT IN INDIA: EXAMINING THE SENIOR CITIZENS ACT OF 2007 AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Ejaz Farida 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Although cultural traditions place a high regard for older adults, elder maltreatment is on the rise in India. Prevalence rates vary widely. A recent national survey demonstrated a prevalence rate as low as 5% (LASI, 2020) while another report (HelpAge, 2015) found that 50% of older adults felt emotionally abused by family members. This presentation focuses on an important legislation, ‘The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act’ of 2007, amended in 2013 and 2018. It makes it obligatory for adult children and heirs to care for their parents/stepparents, address their needs, provide a monthly allowance and protect their property. As part of the implementation of this Act, tribunals have been set up to prosecute perpetrators. Police stations also have a helpline for Senior Citizens to address complaints amicably. Through two case studies, we will discuss how the Act is implemented in India, bringing critical nuances to light.
EXPERIENCING PAIN TOGETHER: CARE PARTNERS REFLECT ON A DYADIC INTERVENTION FOR PAIN SELF-MANAGEMENT
Authors: Fox Aimee , Schmid Arlene , Portz Jennifer Dickman , Van Puymbroeck Marieke , Leach Heather , Sharp Julia , Fruhauf Christine 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
When caregivers and care receivers (caregiving dyad) both experience persistent pain, there is increased risk for shared adverse health outcomes, including social isolation and decreased relationship satisfaction. Yet, there are few non-pharmacological pain interventions for the caregiving dyad. The purpose of this study was to understand changes in the caregiving dyad after participating in a dyadic, multi-modal intervention for pain self-management. Fifteen caregiving dyads with pain (N=30) participated in the Merging Yoga and self-management to develop Skills (MY-Skills) intervention. Open-ended questions were included in the post-intervention evaluation tool to discuss changes in the dyadic relationship. Qualitative methods were used to analyze data, develop a coding scheme, and identify themes. Findings suggest the intervention strengthened relationships by improving communication, enhancing emotional connection, and increasing physical activity. This study demonstrates the importance of dyadic approaches to interventions for care partners with pain.
STRATEGIES TO CREATE CAREGIVER-FRIENDLY WORKPLACES
Authors: Tell Eileen , Nadash Pamela , Ruggeri Siena 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
An estimated one in six employees is juggling work and being a family caregiver. Research suggests working caregivers neglect their own health and experience higher levels of stress and poor mental health. Their employers also experience negative outcomes, most typically in terms of increased absenteeism, lost productivity, difficulty recruiting and retaining workers, and higher health care claim costs. A wide range of strategies have emerged for employers to better support working caregivers and, hopefully, thereby reducing the financial impact both for the company and the caregiver. In this session, we discuss recommendations that emerged from research with both public and private sector stakeholders to identify best practice models and action steps for a national strategy supporting working family caregivers. Recommendations range from employer education, voluntary recognition programs, tax credits for employer-paid caregiver support programs, expanded PFMLA, and even federal LTSS financing reform.
EFFECT OF ACA MEDICAID EXPANSION ON THE LABOR SUPPLY OF DIRECT CARE WORKERS
Authors: Xu Lili , Sharma Hari 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Direct care workers (DCWs) such as personal care aides, home health aides, and nursing assistants provide critical care to patients and residents in different settings including at home, nursing homes, and hospitals but DCWs earn low wages with limited benefits. The Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion increased health insurance access among low-income individuals but there are concerns that public insurance may disincentivize labor supply. In this study, we examine whether Medicaid expansion affected the labor supply of low-educated DCWs at both extensive and intensive margin overall, and by different healthcare settings. Using annual American Community Survey data from 2010 to 2019 retrieved via Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, we identify 100,676 adult DCWs (age: 19-64) with a high school or less degree from 50 states and DC. We examine the potentially causal effect of Medicaid expansion on labor supply of DCWs using difference-in-differences and event-study regressions We find that Medicaid expansion is associated with a 2.9 percentage-point (p&lt; 0.01) increase in full-time employment (&gt;=35 hours) and a 1.9 percentage point (p&lt; 0.05) decrease in part-time employment (20-34 hours). We also find that unemployment decreased by 0.8 percentage points (p&lt; 0.1) among DCWs mainly driven by those working in the long-term care industry. Our study suggests that Medicaid expansion does not have a negative impact on labor supply among low-educated DCWs. States that have not expanded Medicaid can consider policies to increase insurance coverage for DCWs as a strategy to strengthen this workforce.
HOME HEALTHCARE WORKFORCE AND NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Ma Chenjuan 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Despite the rapid increase in the needs for home- and community-based services (HCBS), including home health care which is the most commonly used HCBS, workforce shortage has become a critical challenge to home health agencies in providing quality care to meet the needs of millions of homebound Americans. This study aimed to examine the availability of home health care workforce and its variations by neighborhood characteristics. We linked several national datasets from 2019 and included information from 11,005 HHC agencies in 1,849 counties. The unit for analysis is county. We found that on average county had fulltime equivalent (FTE) 83 (SD=351) home health care nurses, 120 (SD=411) FTE skilled home health providers (e.g., nurses, physical/occupational therapists) and 37 (SD=411) FTE aides. For every 1,000 persons, on average counties had 0.7 (SD=4.6) FTE nurses, 0.9 (SD=4.7) FTE skilled providers, and 0.2 (SD=0.8)) FTE aides. For every 1,000 older adults (&gt;=65), on average counties had 3.6 (SD=23.9)) FTE nurses, 4.8 (SD=24.6) FTE skilled providers and 1.2 (SD=4.4) FTE aides. We also found that counties with moderate (2nd tertile) proportion of Black and Hispanic Americans; counties with highest (3rd title) proportion of Black and Hispanic Americans had the lowest number of FTE home health care aides per every 1,000 persons. Our findings highlight the staff shortage facing home health care and suggest the existence of disparities in availability of home health care workforce.
PANDEMIC POLICIES MOVING FORWARD: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED
Authors: Lindberg Brian 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Leading aging and health policy advocates will present their findings and viewpoints regarding pandemic and post-pandemic policy and programmatic changes and innovations. Issues will include elder justice, home and community-based services, Medicaid, nursing home care, and social isolation. The group will discuss what has changed and how will programs and services be different in the future.
ALL HANDS ON DECK: CONCEPTUALIZING AND OPERATIONALIZING COLLABORATION WITHIN CARE NETWORKS
Authors: Koumoutzis Athena , Ellis Katrina , Lewis Jordan , Lin Zhiyong , Zhou Yuanjin , Chopik William , Gonzalez Richard 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
Care recipients often report multiple caregivers that provide assistance. Yet, consideration of conceptual and methodological issues of caregiving networks has yet to be fully explored. This paper proposes a care collaboration index for each care network that predicts variation in collaboration among multiple networks. The association between network size, race/ethnicity, and dementia status with collaboration was also examined. Data came from the 2015 waves of NHATS and NSOC. Operationalization of collaboration was derived from 1,298 caregivers within 552 care networks. Care recipients were older adults (Mage = 83.69, SD = 7.73), most were women (71.6%), 47.9% had possible/probable dementia, and 38.9% identified as persons of color. The collaboration index considered shared care tasks and scope of assistance while controlling for the size of the immediate and broader care networks. This measure also considered task overlap among care networks as a collaboration process. A series of regression models were run to analyze whether care collaboration differed for older adults by key predictors and if the association between care collaboration and predictors varied across care tasks. Care networks with more caregivers garnered greater collaboration overall, both in general and across most types of tasks. Greater collaboration was observed among Black, Hispanic, and Other (non-White) care recipients and those with possible/probable dementia. This index provides a way to examine care network behaviors and highlights the importance of collaboration-informed approaches. Implications regarding the relationship between care collaboration and outcomes for caregivers and recipients will be discussed.
INSIDE THE REVIEW MEETING
Authors: Gabor Helena 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
What happens to applications on meeting day? What do study section members discuss? Review of applications are evaluated for their scientific and technical merit, and this is reflected in the reviewers’ written assessment of the project’s overall impact. In addition, reviewers score five core criteria and additional review criteria as defined in the funding opportunity announcement. The panel’s initial assessment determines which applications will be discussed in full at the meeting. For each that is discussed, reviewers briefly present the strengths and weaknesses of the application and discuss the factors that inform their overall assessment. At the end of the discussion, a final impact score is given by all eligible members of the panel, which is reported on the summary statement. Every application undergoes a similar process that ensures that fair and consistent consideration is applied to all applications. At the end of the presentation, attendees will learn how the foundation and pillars of the NIH peer review process are put into practice through scoring, discussion, and potential impact on the field.
ALTRUISTIC AGING: ON THE MORALITY OF “AGING WELL”
Authors: Barrett Anne , Vecchione Katia 
Published: December 2022

Abstract
A dominant aging narrative emphasizes what individuals should do to age well, namely remain active and productive. Underlying these promotional messages, however, are others about what should be avoided. At their core is a proscription against becoming dependent, thus “burdensome.” To critically examine this aging narrative, we develop the concept of “altruistic aging,” which captures a cultural expectation that older adults adopt a selfless concern for the well-being of others. We use data from interviews with 28 Italians aged 65 and older to illustrate how the goal of altruistic aging shapes older adults’ behaviors in the present and their framing of care options in the future. It motivates physical and social activity, as well as healthy eating – all aimed, in part, at extending the duration of one’s self-sufficient years. Altruistic aging also involves expunging the idea of ever living with one’s children and emphasizing the benefits of nursing homes. This observation suggests that altruistic aging may be constructed as a familial duty, particularly in nations like Italy with family-centered models of care. Our analyses reveal that taken-for-granted, and culturally celebrated, orientations toward aging may mask an internalization of ageism that devalues the self to the point of selflessness.