bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
runic inscriptions and stamps found at the site of Khar khoroot
Authors: Batsuuri Ankhbayar , Wenshen Bao , Basandorj Buyan-Orshikh 
Published: July 2023

We have discovered a new cultural monument with a runic inscription and stamp at the site of Khar Khoroot in the area of Bayanburd Bag, Buutsagaan soum, Bayankhongor aimag. A preliminary study of the contents of the inscription reveals that it was written about creation of a large number of golden coins. Accordingly, basing on the runic source in the vicinity of the monument and the record of trade in the inscriptions of Kultegin monument, we have reached a conclusion that it is a new fact represented economic trade relations along the westward roads of the Uyghur Khaganate during the reign of Bilge Khan, the late Turkic Khaganate.
Хар хороотын руни бичээс, тамга
Товчлол. Баянхонгор аймгийн Бууцагаан сумын Баянбүрд багийн нутаг Хар хороот хэмээх газраас руни бичиг, тамга бүхий шинэ дурсгалыг 2022 онд илрүүллээ. Уг бичээсийн агуулгыг урьдчилсан байдлаар уншихад олон алт дэлдэж зоос бүтээсэн тухай гарч байна. Тиймээс уг дурсгалын ойр орчимд буй руни бичгийн сурвалж хийгээд Күльтегиний хөшөөний бичигт гарч буй худалдаа арилжааны тухай тэмдэглэлд дулдуйдан хожуу Түрэгийн хаант улсын сүүл Билгэ хааны үед, эс бөгөөс Уйгурын хаант улсын өрнө зүгт чиглэсэн их замын дагуух эдийн засаг, арилжаа худалдааны харилцааг илэрхийлсэн шинэхэн баримт хэмээн үзэж байна.
Түлхүүр үг: Хар хороотын бичээс, Хожуу Түрэг, Уйгур, худалдаа арилжаа
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee anteromedial quadrant
Authors: Jorge Pedro Baches , Jorge Rafael Baches , de Oliveira Diego Escudeiro , Helito Camilo Partezani , da Silva Lucas Nakazone Matos , Sato Fernanda Tami , Brito Deivis Silva , Possebom Igor 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the possibility of characterizing an extra-articular thickening in the knee anteromedial quadrant in routine MRI scans.

Materials and methods
Firstly, in a pilot study, for a better understanding of this extra-articular thickening trajectory in MRI, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes were attached to the ligament structure topography in two dissected pieces. Afterward, 100 knee MRI studies were randomly selected from our database, and 97 met the inclusion criteria. Two musculoskeletal radiologists interpreted the exams separately. Both had previously studied the ligament in the cadaveric knee MRI with the PTFE tube.

Results
The intraobserver and interobserver agreement for the ligament identification was calculated using Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. The first radiologist identified the structure in 41 of the 97 scans (42.2%), and the second radiologist in 38 scans (39.2%). The interobserver agreement was substantial, with a Kappa of 0.68 and an agreement of 84.5%. The results suggest that this extra-articular thickening, recently called Anterior Oblique Ligament (AOL) in the literature, is a structure that can be frequently visualized on MRI scans with a high level of interobserver agreement in a relatively large number of exams.

Conclusion
Therefore, this study indicates that MRI is a promising method for evaluating this anteromedial thickening, and it may be used for future studies of the Anterior Oblique Ligament.
Recent Advances in Multicomponent Electro‐Organic (Electrochemical) Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Imeni Sahar , Makarem Ata , Javahershenas Ramin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn terms of pharmaceuticals and biological applications, synthesis of complex organic molecules is a significant and fast‐developing area. In this context, organic electrosynthesis is an alternative way to the traditional methods for chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective syntheses. Electro‐organic reactions occur at room temperature and normal pressure, through transferring electrons. It has been found that electrosynthesis is a mild approach for preparing electrophilic substrates, bases, and nucleophiles in situ, from highly stable and low‐level reagents; which can be further applied to make heterocycles more accessible. While several promising methods exist, multi‐component reactions (MCRs) have drawn much attention both in academia and industry worldwide, since they are cost‐efficient and environmentally friendly. Combining the electrosynthesis and MCRs has produced a great strategy in the field of organic synthesis for industry and research. This review focuses on recent advances in the electrochemical synthesis of heterocyclic compounds via multi‐component reactions, reported between 2015 and March 2023.
Effect of air gap induction on the morphological microstructure of polyether sulfone hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Jiang Jinhu , Lu Caiyun , Shen Shiyu , Deng Qifan , Wang Bei , Shen Chunyin , Wang Yanli , Zhan Liang , Dai Gance 
Published: July 2023

AbstractPolyether sulfone hollow fiber membrane was prepared via nonsolvent‐induced phase separation process using dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP‐K30) and water as additives. The mechanism of air gap environment in the membrane structure formation was studied. The scanning electron microscope microstructure morphology revealed that the air gap environment induced the microstructure formation of membranes. The low humidity air gap environment was not conducive to the surface pore formation and hard to obtain surface pores until lowering the dope solution temperature. The high humidity can easily induce the formation of large out surface pore structure along with the decreases of the surface pore uniformity. As air gap humidity and distance increased, the membrane cross section structure near the outer surface tends to be looser and that near the inner surface became denser, while the proportion of finger‐like pores in the cross section initially increased and stabilized. At 100 RH, the average outer surface pore size increased from 0.192 μm at an air gap distance of 20 cm to 0.351 μm at 50 cm, the corresponding pore density decreased from 2.66 to 1.13 pores/μm2, and the percentage of the inner skin layer thickness increased from 3.26% to 7.69%.
How to Develop Useful Models for Solid‐State Batteries – A Plea for Simplicity and Interdisciplinary Cooperation
Authors: Bielefeld Anja 
Published: July 2023

AbstractWith research on solid‐state batteries being on the rise, also simulations and modeling studies become more and more popular. It is therefore time to reflect upon the interplay of experiments and simulations and the upcoming dilemma of drawing general conclusions from increasingly complex model approaches that naturally go along with advancements and insights in the research field. Albeit this perspective focuses on (microstructure) models for composite cathodes, it is also an invitation to contemplate the epistemological considerations and the proposed tentative agenda on how to build useful models for other sub‐fields of the solid‐state research community.
Application of ultramicrotomy and infrared imaging to the forensic examination of automotive paint
Authors: Zhong Haoran , Donkor Elizabeth , Whitworth Lisa , White Collin G. , Dahal Kaushalya Sharma , Fasasi Ayuba , Hancewicz Thomas M. , Uba Franklin , Lavine Barry K. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIn several previously published studies, Lavine and coworkers have demonstrated that infrared (IR) spectra from all layers of an intact multilayered automotive paint chip can be collected in a single analysis by scanning across each layer of a cross sectioned paint chip using a Fourier transform IR imaging microscope. Applying alternating least squares to the spectral data, the IR spectrum of each layer of an original equipment manufacturer paint chip can be extracted from a line map of the spectral image. To further develop this imaging technique for automotive paint analysis, the capability to cross section “small” paint chips (1 mm or less) using an ultramicrotome has been incorporated into our current imaging methodology. An ultramicrotome does not require epoxy or other embedding media for the paint chip and will simplify the analysis. However, extracting the IR spectra for each layer of an original equipment manufacturer paint chip by alternating least squares can be problematic for thin peels (less than one micron thickness), necessitating the use of target testing factor analysis to determine whether a specific layer is present in the line map and modified alternating least squares to recover the IR spectrum of the layer. Using a new sample preparation technique and the appropriate multivariate curve resolution methods, high quality IR spectra of the layers of a modern automotive paint system can be obtained from paint fragments that are smaller than what is practical to analyze by conventional Fourier transform IR spectroscopy.
Spatial habitat heterogeneity influences host–pathogen dynamics in a patchy population of Ranchman's tiger moth
Authors: Pepi Adam , Pan Vincent , Grof‐Tisza Patrick , Holyoak Marcel , Ballman Alexis , Laws‐McNeil Aiyanna , Mase Vinay , Moseley Cameron , Karban Richard 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHost–pathogen dynamics are influenced by many factors that vary locally, but models of disease rarely consider dynamics across spatially heterogeneous environments. In addition, theory predicts that dispersal will influence host–pathogen dynamics of populations that are linked, although this has not been examined empirically in natural systems. We examined the spatial dynamics of a patchy population of tiger moths and its baculovirus pathogen, in which habitat type and weather influence dynamics. Theoretical models of host–baculovirus dynamics predict that such variation in dynamics between habitat types could be driven by a range of factors, of which we predict two are likely to be operating in this system: (1) differences in the environmental persistence of pathogens or (2) differences in host intrinsic rates of increase. We used time series models and monitored infection rates of hosts to characterize population and disease dynamics and distinguish between these possibilities. We also examined the role of host dispersal (connectivity) and weather as important contributors to dynamics, using time series models and experiments. We found that the population growth rate was higher, delayed density dependence was weaker, and long‐period oscillations had lower amplitudes in high‐quality habitat patches. The infection rate was higher on average in high‐quality habitat, and this was likely to have been driven by higher mean population densities and no differences in pathogen persistence in different habitats (delayed density dependence). Time series modeling and experiments also showed an interactive effect of temperature and precipitation on moth population growth rates (likely caused by variation in host plant quality and quantity), and an effect of connectivity. Our results showed that spatial heterogeneity, connectivity, climate, and their interactions were important in driving host–baculovirus dynamics. In particular, our study found that connected patches and spatial heterogeneity generated differences in dynamics that only partially aligned with theoretical predictions.
Engineered nanodrug targeting oxidative stress for treatment of acute kidney injury
Authors: Li Liwen , Shen Yining , Tang Zhongmin , Yang Yuwen , Fu Zi , Ni Dalong , Cai Xiaojun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, and is associated with a high risk of death. Many pathological changes happen in the process of AKI, including crucial alterations to oxidative stress levels. Numerous efforts have thus been made to develop effective medicines to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, researchers have encountered several significant challenges, including unspecific biodistribution, high biotoxicity, and in vivo instability. To address these problems, engineered nanoparticles have been developed to target oxidative stress and treat AKI. This review thoroughly discusses the methods that empower nanodrugs to specifically target the glomerular filtration barrier and presents the latest achievements in engineering novel ROS‐scavenging nanodrugs in clustered sections. The analysis of each study's breakthroughs and imperfections visualizes the progress made in developing effective nanodrugs with specific biodistribution and oxidative stress‐targeting capabilities. This review fills the blank of a comprehensive outline over current progress in applying nanotechnology to treat AKI, providing potential insights for further research.
Alive but not well: The neglected cost of air pollution
Authors: Luan Mengna , Tao Zhigang , Yuan Hongjie 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBesides medical expenses, hospitalizations associated with air pollution will incur the welfare loss due to activity restrictions and the wage loss due to inability to work. We fill in the gap in the literature by examining the impact of air pollution on volume and intensity of hospitalizations, which allows us to incorporate the welfare loss and the wage loss. Using a data set that covers most of the inpatients in a major Chinese city during 2015‐16, we find that worse air quality causes more hospital admissions, more total inpatient days, and higher total inpatient expenditure for various diseases, particularly diseases of the respiratory and circulatory systems. We also find that there would be an underestimate of the loss from air pollution if we had ignored the loss associated with activity restrictions and the wage loss during hospitalization.
Toward coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering‐Raman optical activity for reaction monitoring in organocatalysis: Chiral vibrational signatures of the two atropisomers (R)‐ and (S)‐MOM‐BINOL in solution
Authors: Kumar Vikas , Reichenauer Till , Supovec Luca , Jansen Dennis , Brodt Nikolai , Zając Grzegorz , Domagała Agnieszka , Barańska Małgorzata , Niemeyer Jochen , Schlücker Sebastian 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCoherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering‐Raman optical activity (CARS‐ROA) is a coherent version of spontaneous ROA spectroscopy, the latter being a well‐established chirally sensitive vibrational spectroscopic technique. A central major advantage of heterodyne‐detected CARS‐ROA over ROA is the drastic reduction of acquisition times from several hours to approximately 1 min due to the high ratio of the chiral Raman signal relative to the achiral CARS background. Here, we present the first demonstration of heterodyne‐detected CARS‐ROA of chiral molecules dissolved in an achiral solvent by using an experimental setup built from a conventional broadband CARS spectrometer. Specifically, the two atropisomers (R/S) of 2,2′‐Bis(methoxymethoxy)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, a methoxymethyl (MOM) bis‐protected derivative of 1,1′‐Bi‐2‐naphthol (BINOL), dissolved in the achiral organic solvent dichloromethane (DCM) were characterized by employing ~1 ps, 1 mW of pump pulses and ~60 fs, 10 mW of Stokes pulses within approximately 4‐min acquisition time. MOM‐BINOL is an important precursor for the synthesis of a great variety of many chiral auxiliaries including binaphthyl phosphoric acids, which are an important class of chiral organocatalysts used in asymmetric reactions. Overall, this work is a first step toward kinetic reaction monitoring in organocatalysis by coherent ROA providing the necessary short acquisition times.
Dynamically adaptive scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering
Authors: Peng Yachen , Zhuang Yaling , Zhang Yanbo , Zuo Jianlin , Ding Jianxun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAlthough cartilage regeneration is a continuously changing, complex process, most studies on cartilage tissue regeneration have focused on specific stages, thereby promoting regeneration in only a limited period rather than over the entire repair process. The ideal adaptive scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering should exhibit dynamic and spatiotemporally controlled evolution according to the physiological microenvironments during each phase of cartilage repair. Moreover, scaffolds should have a specific feedback regulation capability, including long‐term feedback for the controlled delivery of multiple factors, which would better meet the requirements of cartilage regeneration. Adaptive scaffolds matching the whole evolving stages of cartilage repair are still under exploration. This review highlights the development of dynamically adaptive scaffolds to provide the appropriate microenvironments for cartilage regeneration, including scaffolds that manipulate the immune microenvironments from the inflammation stage to the regeneration stage, scaffolds that release cytokines on demand across several stages, and scaffolds that adapt according to the mechanical properties of extracellular matrices over time, and also discusses the future challenges and development directions of adaptive scaffolds in cartilage tissue regeneration. This understanding is expected to inspire the application of adaptive scaffolds for cartilage repair.
How open‐stage melt crystallization affects tensile and shrinkage properties of 3D printed polypropylene
Authors: Chatterjee Rahul , SK MD Touhid , Chanda Jagannath , Acharya Suman , Basu Debdipta , Ghosh Prasenjit , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Bandyopadhyay Abhijit 
Published: July 2023

AbstractMelt crystallization of isotactic Polypropylene (PP) on open platform during 3D processing is critical and often challenging. Numerous factors that influence the melt extrusion of PP directly influence its crystallization and hence impact the physico‐mechanical properties of the printed parts. The present article represents a detailed investigation of the influence of 3D processing parameters on tensile and shrinkage properties of PP subject to respective melt‐crystallization behaviors. Moreover, the article also demonstrated the best experimental conditions that can produce mechanically stronger parts (even stronger than compression molded specimens used for comparison) with minimum warping. Influence of print temperature, bed temperature, print layer thickness (when the layer thickness varies by a margin of four folds), print orientation (horizontal or vertical), and infill rates was found to be highly sensitive towards melt crystallization of the PP dumbbell (which was printed as a product) hence brought about the highest variation in tensile and shrinkage properties. A print head temperature of above 220°C and a bed temperature of 60°C produced stronger dumbbells when printed with a higher layer thickness (0.20 mm/0.25 mm) in horizontal conditions with a 100% infill rate. Such specimens possessed higher tensile strength, and elongation at break values than the compression molded sample.
Fabrication of g‐C3N4/Bi4O5Br2 2D Nanosheet Photocatalyst for Removal of Organic Pollutants under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Zhang Jinxin , Wu Dongfang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe g‐C3N4/Bi4O5Br2 photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal method for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light. The structure of the catalyst is a two‐dimensional (2D) nanosheet structure with a high specific surface area, which provides more active sites. The heterojunction structure of g‐C3N4/Bi4O5Br2 can narrow the bandgap and thus increase the visible light absorption. The heterojunction formed by g‐C3N4 and Bi4O5Br2 can facilitate the separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes (e−−h+). The degradation efficiencies of g‐C3N4/Bi4O5Br2 prepared under the optimal conditions are higher than 93.1 % for ciprofloxacin (CIP), rhodamine B (Rh B), and methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The results of the trapping experiment indicate that h+ and ⋅O2− contribute greatly to the removal of organic pollutants. Furthermore, the feasible mechanism of g‐C3N4/Bi4O5Br2 to degrade organic pollutants is proposed.
Furan and Thiophene Based Cycloheterophane Esters and Thioesters: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activities, and DFT Calculations
Authors: Özcan Hafize , Deliorman Anıl , Zaim Ömer , Tüzün Nurcan Ş. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFour novel macrocyclic compounds with furan and thiophene were synthesized, characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Q‐TOF spectral data. Antimicrobial activities of these compounds were tested against Gram− Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Gram− E. coli O157 : H7ATCC 43895, Gram+ Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Gram− Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Gram− Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Macrocyclic thioesters were found more efficient against selected microorganisms than other compounds, especially the thioester with thiophene ring notably showed results as effective as reference antibiotic AMP (ampicillin) against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. DFT calculations on synthesized macromolecules provided insights into their 3‐dimensional geometries and electronic properties.
Zinc Oxide Nanomaterial‐Based Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction for the Trace Determination of Gold in Flash Gold Plating Solution Samples using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Kapukıran Fatih , Kartoğlu Bedrihan , Ebrar Karlıdağ Nazime , Bakırdere Sezgin 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe noble metal Au is extensively used in jewelry, industry, and medicine. In order to mitigate the low sensitivity of the flame module atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS) to determine the gold, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterial were synthesized and used to pretreatment of the sample and preconcentrate gold ions in dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE) process. Enrichment factor of the extraction method was enhanced by performing buffer solution type/volume, nanomaterial amount, mixing type/period, and desorption solvent concentration/volume optimizations. Calibration plot displayed good linearity and percent relative standard deviation recorded for the lowest concentration of the plot was adequately low (<7.0 %). Dynamic dynamic range for the proposed method was calculated between 30–400 μg/L. Regression coefficient (R2) of proposed method was found to be 0.9956. With an enrichment factor of 44.5‐folds, method recorded a detection limit (LOD) of 7.4 μg L−1 and quantification limit (LOQ) of 24.8 μg L−1. Flash gold plating bath solution was used to certify the quantification accuracy/applicability in complex matrix of the method. The obtained results (1.86±0.08 g L−1) were compatible with the results of the reference method (ICP‐OES) (1.87±0.08 g L−1). This is the first study for the extraction/preconcentration of gold using ZnO nanomaterial.
Christoffel–Darboux Kernels in Several Real Variables
Authors: Cichoń Dariusz , Szafraniec Franciszek Hugon 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe Christoffel–Darboux kernels for orthogonal polynomials in several real variables are investigated within the context of the three-term relation reformulated for this purpose. As suggestive examples of orthogonality, we propose to discuss the two simple algebraic cases: the unit circle and the Bernoulli lemniscate.