bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of preoperative and intraoperative colorectal Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS)
Authors: Venn Mary L , Hooper Richard L , Pampiglione Tom , Morton Dion G , Nepogodiev Dmitri , Knowles Charles H 
Published: July 2023

ObjectiveTo systematically review preoperative and intraoperative Anastomotic Leak Prediction Scores (ALPS) and validation studies to evaluate performance and utility in surgical decision-making. Anastomotic leak (AL) is the most feared complication of colorectal surgery. Individualised leak risk could guide anastomosis and/or diverting stoma.MethodsSystematic search of Ovid MEDLINE and Embase databases, 30 October 2020, identified existing ALPS and validation studies. All records including >1 risk factor, used to develop new, or to validate existing models for preoperative or intraoperative use to predict colorectal AL, were selected. Data extraction followed CHecklist for critical Appraisal and data extraction for systematic Reviews of prediction Modelling Studies guidelines. Models were assessed for applicability for surgical decision-making and risk of bias using Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool.Results34 studies were identified containing 31 individual ALPS (12 colonic/colorectal, 19 rectal) and 6 papers with validation studies only. Development dataset patient populations were heterogeneous in terms of numbers, indication for surgery, urgency and stoma inclusion. Heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. Definitions and timeframe for AL were available in only 22 and 11 ALPS, respectively. 26/31 studies used some form of multivariable logistic regression in their modelling. Models included 3–33 individual predictors. 27/31 studies reported model discrimination performance but just 18/31 reported calibration. 15/31 ALPS were reported with external validation, 9/31 with internal validation alone and 4 published without any validation. 27/31 ALPS and every validation study were scored high risk of bias in model analysis.ConclusionsPoor reporting practices and methodological shortcomings limit wider adoption of published ALPS. Several models appear to perform well in discriminating patients at highest AL risk but all raise concerns over risk of bias, and nearly all over wider applicability. Large-scale, precisely reported external validation studies are required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020164804.
Parkinson’s disease: symptoms and medications at the end of life
Authors: Wilson Elisabeth Alice , King-Oakley Emily , Richfield Edward William 
Published: July 2023

ObjectivesPeople with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) have a high palliative symptom burden throughout their disease course, equivalent to advanced malignancy. We aim to establish trends in symptom frequency and prescribing in the 72 hours prior to death for PwP.MethodsRetrospective case note review of PwP who died between February 2019 and September 2020.Results51 patients were included. 60.78% of patients (n=31) had agitation and 58.82% (n=30) had pain in the final 72 hours. Patients with cognitive impairment were 4.67 times more likely to experience agitation (p=0.035) compared with those without, with higher total midazolam doses (29.18 mg vs 11.4 mg, p=0.21). Terminal motor symptoms were recorded in three patients. 28.57% of patients received the recommended dose of rotigotine for dopaminergic therapy.ConclusionsPwP have a significant symptom burden at the end of life (EOL) with levels of terminal agitation at the higher end of those expected in the general population. There was a trend towards higher doses of sedation, rather than analgesia, in people with coexistent cognitive impairment.Terminal stiffness, despite being seldom documented in the literature, is an important although infrequent symptom.Rotigotine use at EOL remains commonplace and better understanding of its effect and dosing is required.
White Matter Integrity and Chronic Poststroke Upper Limb Function: An ENIGMA Stroke Recovery Analysis
Authors: Domin Martin , Hordacre Brenton , Hok Pavel , Boyd Lara A. , Conforto Adriana B. , Andrushko Justin W. , Borich Michael R. , Craddock Richard C. , Donnelly Miranda R. , Dula Adrienne N. , Warach Steven J. , Kautz Steven A. , Lo Bethany P. , Schranz Christian , Seo Na Jin , Srivastava Shraddha , Wong Kristin A. , Zavaliangos-Petropulu Artemis , Thompson Paul M. , Liew Sook-Lei , Lotze Martin 
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:
Integrity of the corticospinal tract (CST) is an important biomarker for upper limb motor function following stroke. However, when structurally compromised, other tracts may become relevant for compensation or recovery of function.

METHODS:
We used the ENIGMA Stroke Recovery data set, a multicenter, retrospective, and cross-sectional collection of patients with upper limb impairment during the chronic phase of stroke to test the relevance of tracts in individuals with less and more severe (laterality index of CST fractional anisotropy ≥0.25) CST damage in an observational study design. White matter integrity was quantified using fractional anisotropy for the CST, the superior longitudinal fascicle, and the callosal fibers interconnecting the primary motor cortices between hemispheres. Optic radiations served as a control tract as they have no a priori relevance for the motor system. Pearson correlation was used for testing correlation with upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer upper extremity).

RESULTS:

From 1235 available data sets, 166 were selected (by imaging, Fugl-Meyer upper extremity, covariates, stroke location, and stage) for analyses. Only individuals with severe CST damage showed a positive association of fractional anisotropy in both callosal fibers interconnecting the primary motor cortices (
r
[21]=0.49;
P=
0.025) and superior longitudinal fascicle (
r
[21]=0.51;
P=0
.018) with Fugl-Meyer upper extremity.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data support the notion that individuals with more severe damage of the CST depend on residual pathways for achieving better upper limb outcome than those with less affected CST.
A real-world cost-effectiveness study of vancomycin versus linezolid for the treatment of late-onset neonatal sepsis in the NICU in China
Authors: Xie Linjun , Ding Leyun , Tang Lian , Yang Zuming , Wu Dan , Wang Wenjuan , Mao Juehui , Shi Lu , Liu Chun , Duan Lufen , Xu Jinhui , Zhou Qin , Sun Jiantong , Ding Xinyuan 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background and objective
Currently, the detection rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) in the blood cultures of neonates with sepsis exceed the national average drug resistance level, and vancomycin and linezolid are the primary antibacterial drugs used for these resistant bacteria according to the results of etiological examinations. However, a comprehensive evaluation of their costs and benefits in late-onset neonatal sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has not been conducted. This study aimed to compare the cost and effectiveness of vancomycin and linezolid in treating neonatal sepsis in the NICU.

Methods
A cost-effectiveness analysis of real-world data was carried out by retrospective study in our hospital, and the cost and effectiveness of vancomycin and linezolid were compared by establishing a decision tree model. The drug doses in the model were 0.6 g for linezolid and 0.5 g for vancomycin. The cost break down included cost of medical ward, NICU stay, intravenous infusion of vancomycin or linezolid, all monitoring tests, culture tests and drugs. The unit costs were sourced from hospital information systems. The effectiveness rates were obtained by cumulative probability analysis. One-way sensitivity analysis was used to analyze uncertain influencing factors.

Results
The effectiveness rates of vancomycin and linezolid in treating neonatal sepsis in the NICU were 89.74% and 90.14%, respectively, with no significant difference. The average cost in the vancomycin group was ¥12261.43, and the average cost in the linezolid group was ¥17227.96. The incremental cost effectiveness was ¥12416.33 cost per additional neonate with treatment success in the linezolid group compared to vancomycin group at discharge. Factors that had the greatest influence on the sensitivity of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were the price of linezolid and the effectiveness rates.

Conclusions
The cost for treatment success of one neonate in linezolid group was ¥5449.17 more than that in vancomycin group, indicating that vancomycin was more cost-effective. Therefore, these results can provide a reference for a cost effectiveness treatment scheme for neonatal sepsis in the NICU.
Hyperparameter optimization method based on dynamic Bayesian with sliding balance mechanism in neural network for cloud computing
Authors: Zhang Jianlong , Wang Tianhong , Wang Bin , Chen Chen , Wang Gang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHyperparameter optimization (HPO) of deep neural networks plays an important role of performance and efficiency of detection networks. Especially for cloud computing, automatic HPO can greatly reduce the network deployment cost by taking advantage of the computing power. Benefiting from its global-optimal search ability and simple requirements, Bayesian optimization has become the mainstream optimization method in recent years. However, in a non-ideal environment, Bayesian method still suffers from the following shortcomings: (1) when search resource is limited, it can only achieve inferior suboptimal results; (2) the acquisition mechanism cannot effectively balance the exploration of parameter space and the exploitation of historical data in different search stages. In this paper, we focused on the limited resources and big data provided by the cloud computing platform, took the anchor boxes of target detection networks as the research object, employed search resource as a restraint condition, and designed a dynamic Bayesian HPO method based on sliding balance mechanism. The dynamism of our method is mainly reflected in two aspects: (1) A dynamic evaluation model is proposed which uses the cross-validation mechanism to evaluate the surrogate model library and select the best model in real time; (2) A sliding balance mechanism is designed based on resource constraints to seek a balance between exploration and exploitation. We firstly augment the recommended samples of probability of improvement acquisition function by using k-nearest neighbor method, then introduce Hausdorff distance to measure the exploration value and match sampling strategy with resource utilization, which makes it slide smoothly with resource consumption to establish a dynamic balance of exploration to exploitation. The provided experiments show that our method can quickly and stably obtain better results under the same resource constraints compared with mature methods like BOHB.Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of the frequency of e-cigarette usage among high school students and factors that influence vaping. Adolescents’ knowledge of chemical composition of e-cigarettes and side effects
Authors: Sejnowska Natalia , Dobko Katarzyna , Frącz Gabriela , Glac Agata , Kuliga Klaudia , Musz Kinga , Socha Agnieszka , Surowiec Agata , Śnieżek Kinga , Zając Anna 
Published: July 2023

Introduction: E-cigarettes, also known as electronic cigarettes, pose a new public health challenge. Their growing popularity and availability have raised concerns about potential health risks for young people. Vaping may also become a new addiction among young people.
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the popularity of e-cigarette use among high school students and factors that influence vaping. Adolescents' knowledge of chemical composition of e-cigarettes and side effects was analyzed.
Materials and methods: The survey was conducted among 323 people in the age range of 15 to 19 years old. The study group consisted of students from one of the high schools in Krosno. An anonymous online survey was used to conduct the study.
Results: 59% of the youth surveyed had tried an e-cigarette. 35,7% of non-smokers say they want to try vaping in the future. Most adolescents start their tobacco initiation with e-cigarettes. 62,2% are passive smokers and regularly inhale the vapor. 89% say it is easy to access e-cigarettes. Young people are aware of the harmfulness of e-cigarettes - 88,2%, and that they should not be used during pregnancy - 97%.
Conclusions: High school students are very likely to use e-cigarettes. Every other student has used them actively or passively. Increasing students' awareness of the side effects of vaping and identifying symptoms of addiction. Conversations with a pediatrician and health education lessons at school could have a huge impact on the decrease in e-cigarette usage by the youth.
A adequação do sistema de escolar às novas realidades socioeconómicas. A(s) reforma(s) do ensino liceal (1945-1968)
Authors: Ferreira António Gomes Alves , Mota Luís Carlos Martins D´Almeida 
Published: July 2023

O reposicionamento geoestratégico de Portugal no mundo do pós-guerra e as transformações na formação social portuguesa conduziram a alterações na política educativa, reconhecendo à educação um papel fulcral no crescimento económico, sustentado na teoria do capital humano. As preocupações centraram-se na formação de recursos humanos qualificados, na valorização do capital escolar e na promoção da planificação educativa. Analisa-se a evolução dos objetivos e da estrutura curricular dos liceus, incluindo a criação do Ciclo Preparatório do Ensino Secundário, convocando fontes escritas submetidas a análise documental, com recurso ao método crítico, e de conteúdo. As finalidades a atribuir ao ensino liceal revelam-se a questão central no sentido de os liceus promoverem a escolarização de um leque mais alargado de portugueses. Um processo que se concretiza com base na desigualdade de acesso à educação.
Fear is an illness of the brain. A cognitive account of a novel constructive scenario of fear
Authors: Dąbrowska Anna 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Once we perceive a situation as a danger, threat, or shock, the information about a fearful stimulus is immediately sent to the amygdala, which, being a component of the limbic system, is responsible for fear and anxiety processing, and plays an important role in emotion and behaviour. As the research suggests, the message about a potentially frightening situation can reach the amygdala long before we are even consciously aware of it. Then, the amygdala is to trigger a fight-or-flight reaction, marked by our increased heart rate and respiration to prepare for action (cf. LeDoux 2007). The aim of the research is, first, to account for the most prototypical cognitive scenario of fear through the prism of Cognitive Linguistics (cf. Kövecses 1986, 2015) and supply it with this neuroscientific and psychological knowledge of fear. We learn that in addition to the most common human reactions to fear, i.e. the one of a fighter or the one of a runaway, a modern man reacts to fear by denying it as well as by displacing fear from their subconscious mind. Second, by investigating the novel metaphor FEAR IS AN ILLNESS OF THE BRAIN, we aim to propose a novel constructive cognitive scenario of fear, which helps us deal with this unwanted emotion in contemporary situations that generate fear, e.g. in the era of (post)Covid-19 pandemic (WHO 2021, July 15).
Dyadic Death Series from An Autopsy Center: Femicide Suicides Cases
Authors: Balcı Yasemin , Ekinci Ecesu , Anolay Nurettin Nezih , Çallak Füsun 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Dyadic death is a term generally used to describe cases in which the murderer committed suicide, usually after a murder, or cases where two people committed suicide together. In the cases that underwent autopsy in Muğla, between 2013 and 2021, the crime scene and dead examination reports were retrospectively analyzed, and those with dyadic deaths were evaluated and these cases were discussed. We believe that creating a database where dyadic deaths are recorded across the country, will shed light on understanding the dynamics of dyadic deaths.
Methods: The crime scene analysis and dead examination reports of autopsies carried out between 2013-2021 in Muğla Forensic Medicine Branch Office were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: In our case series, all 11 bilateral deaths were femicide-suicide and 9 of them used firearms for murder. In one of the cases, femicide occurred with a penetrating tool, and in the other case, it was caused by blunt head trauma.
Conclusion: There is a partner relationship in all of the murders. Except for one case, all of those killed were women and all were spouses/ partners or ex-partners. These data in our case series show that dyadic deaths are an indicator of the violence against women in our country.
Hukuka Aykırı Şekilde Yapılan Organ Nakillerinin Türk Ceza Kanunu Madde 25/2 Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Atılgan Mehmet , Deveci Cemyiğit , Toksoy İrem Tuğçe 
Published: July 2023

Objective: Illegal organ transplantations are attempted from time to time by issuing fake IDs or using someone else’s identity to receive transplantation as soon as possible by bypassing the organ waiting list. In recent years, it has been requested by the Court of Cassation that the people who were alleged to have purchased organs be evaluated in terms of Turkish Penal Code (TPC) 25/2. This study aims to discuss the method of approach to these cases.
Methods: The forensic reports prepared by the Department of Forensic Medicine of Akdeniz University Hospital between 01.01.2019 and 31.12.2021 were examined, and the cases that were sent by judicial authorities to be evaluated in terms of TPC 25/2 were included in the study.
Results: A total of nine cases were identified. It was understood that five of these cases used fake IDs, as well as, in six cases the illegal transplants were identified after the completion of the transplantations.
Conclusion: TPC Article 25/2 states that, in case of necessity, the person does not have any criminal responsibility regarding the behaviors they do to protect against a serious and certain danger which was directed at a right to which they, or another, were entitled where there are no other means of protection. Although end-stage renal disease is an important public health problem, there are treatment alternatives for patients with end-stage renal disease. As a result, it was concluded that these cases did not have a medical emergency that prevented hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis before transplantation.
Genetic diversity Analysis using molecular markers of some rice varieties for Physiological, biochemical and yield Traits under water deficit condition
Authors: El-Aty Mohamed S. Abd , Abo-Youssef Mahmoud I. , Bahgt Mohamed M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Rice is a major staple food crop all over the world. Recent climate change trends forecast an increase in drought severity, necessitating the creation of novel drought-tolerant rice cultivars in order to continue rice production in this ecosystem. This study was carried out at the experimental farm of the rice research and training center (RRTC) using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) to assess the impact of water scarcity on eight rice varieties by identifying differences in physiological and biochemical responses among drought-sensitive and resistant rice varieties, in addition applying two PCR-based molecular marker systems ISSR and SCoT to assess the genetic diversity among the studied rice varieties. The results revealed that, Water shortage stress significantly reduced relative water content, total chlorophyll content, grain yield, and yield characteristics. while, it significantly raised proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT, APX, and SOD). The combined analysis of variance demonstrated that the mean squares for environments, varieties, and their interaction were highly significant for all investigated traits, suggesting that the germplasm used in the study had significant genetic diversity from one environment (normal irrigation) to another (water deficit) and could rank differently in both of them. Mean performance data showed that, Puebla and Hispagran varieties were selected as the most favourable varieties for most physiological and biochemical parameters studied, as well as yield traits which recorded the highest desirable values under both irrigation treatments. They were recommended for use in rice hybrid breeding programmes for water scarcity tolerance. Genetic Similarity and Cluster Analysis revealed that, the both molecular markers exhibited comparable genetic diversity values but a higher level of polymorphism was represented by ISSR. This indicates the high efficiency of both markers in discriminating the tested varieties. The dendrogram generated by ISSR and SCoT markers combined data divided the varieties into two major clusters. Cluster I consisted of the genotype Sakha 106. Cluster II retained seven varieties, which were further divided into two sub-clusters; Sakha 101, Sakha 105, Sakha 106, Sakha 107 constituted the first subgroup, while Giza 177, Hispagran, and Puebla formed the second one.
Ultrasonographic characteristics and outcome of 40 cases of fetal umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunts: a single-center study
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Zhang Jun , Chen Ying , Qiu Mei , Xue Yafang , Guo Yanli 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground To investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics and outcome of fetal umbilical-portal-systemic venous shunt (UPSVS). Methods The study studied cases of UPSVS retrospectively at an single center from January 2015 to December 2021. The ultrasonographic features, types and postnatal outcomes of fetal UPSVS were retrospectively analyzed and the outcomes were followed up. Results A total of forty cases with UPSVS including 4 Type I, 18 Type II, 18 cases of Type III (16 cases of IIIa, 2 cases of IIIb ) were identified. Two cases of Type I were terminated due to complete absence of the portal venous (PV) system. Genetic assessment revealed one case of Type I had deletion of fragment. Type II were mainly complicated by structural malformations, particularly cardiovascular abnormalities. And the parents opted for pregnancy termination in 4 cases. The most common associated anomalies was cardiac enlargement, followed by fetal growth restriction in Type III shunts. Termination of pregnancy occurred in 6 cases of Type IIIa as requested by the couples, 1 case of Type IIIa resulted from premature and 2 cases of Type IIIb due to the completely absent PV. Genetic tests showed trisomy X had microduplication in one case. The shunt was spontaneous closed after birth in all Type IIIa cases. Conclusions Prenatal diagnosis of UPSVS by ultrasonography is feasible, which is valuable for perinatal management and prenatal consultation. Fetal postnatal prognosis is determined by the presence of anomalies in the PV system, genetics or structure.