bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RF-induced heating of interventional devices at 23.66 MHz
Authors: Özen Ali Caglar , Russe Maximilian Frederik , Lottner Thomas , Reiss Simon , Littin Sebastian , Zaitsev Maxim , Bock Michael 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
Low-field MRI systems are expected to cause less RF heating in conventional interventional devices due to lower Larmor frequency. We systematically evaluate RF-induced heating of commonly used intravascular devices at the Larmor frequency of a 0.55 T system (23.66 MHz) with a focus on the effect of patient size, target organ, and device position on maximum temperature rise.

Materials and methods
To assess RF-induced heating, high-resolution measurements of the electric field, temperature, and transfer function were combined. Realistic device trajectories were derived from vascular models to evaluate the variation of the temperature increase as a function of the device trajectory. At a low-field RF test bench, the effects of patient size and positioning, target organ (liver and heart) and body coil type were measured for six commonly used interventional devices (two guidewires, two catheters, an applicator and a biopsy needle).

Results
Electric field mapping shows that the hotspots are not necessarily localized at the device tip. Of all procedures, the liver catheterizations showed the lowest heating, and a modification of the transmit body coil could further reduce the temperature increase. For common commercial needles no significant heating was measured at the needle tip. Comparable local SAR values were found in the temperature measurements and the TF-based calculations.

Conclusion
At low fields, interventions with shorter insertion lengths such as hepatic catheterizations result in less RF-induced heating than coronary interventions. The maximum temperature increase depends on body coil design.
CNN-RNN architecture to calculate BPM from underwater ECG samples
Authors: Beckingham Thomas , Spencer Joseph , McKay Kirsty 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for the generation of heart Beats Per Minute (BPM) from noisy/distorted underwater Electrocardiogram (ECG) samples. We solve this problem using a software based approach via a Convolutional - Recurrent (CNN-RNN) regression model and demonstrate good performance: Mean Absolute Error (MAE): 0.400, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): 0.653 - for counted underwater heart beats. The neural network is trained on land based ECG samples that have been modified by replicating the signal noise/artefacts seen on under water ECG signals; this process has not yet been reported in literature. This allows the prediction of complex samples without the need for underwater sampling and improves neural network performance. To verify this approach, the trained neural network is tested on underwater ECG samples. This solution requires minimal signal pre-processing and does not require any specific ECG electrode/amplifier design. We have done this to minimise cost and ensure easy deployment. In addition, the techniques discussed here can be applied to any sampled ECG signals and are not hardware specific. This will lead to improved performance where underwater BPM data is required, for example: performance sport; rehabilitation and/or divers in hazardous environments.
Engineered transparent wood composites: a review
Authors: Jele Thabisile Brightwell , Andrew Jerome , John Maya , Sithole Bruce 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWood is a versatile resource due to its inherent properties such as low density, good weight to strength ratio, unique hierarchical structure, microscale pores, and ease of processing, including its biodegradability and renewability. In the building and construction industry, engineered transparent wood (ETW) may serve as a sustainable replacement for glass which is environmentally unfriendly in its manufacture and application. Natural wood is non transparent due to its low optical transmittance, therefore, lignin and chromophores are modified or eliminated, and a polymer is infiltrated in order to achieve transparency. Engineered transparent wood (ETW) exhibits excellent optical properties (transmittance > 80%), high haze (haze > 70%), thermal insulation (thermal conductivity less than 0.23Wm−1 K−1), unique hierarchical structure, good loadbearing performance with tough failure behaviour (no shattering) and ductility. These properties extend wood applications to optical components such as solar cells, screens, windows, magnetic materials, and luminescent and decorative materials. This review details the production of ETW and how the wood density, wood thickness, wood type, wood direction, cellulose volume fraction, extent and type of delignification, polymer type, functionalisation of ETW affect the morphological, functional, optical, thermal, photodegradation and mechanical properties of ETW.
Acute and Chronic Macrophage Differentiation Modulates TREM2 in a Personalized Alzheimer’s Patient-Derived Assay
Authors: Cosma Nicoleta-Carmen , Eren Neriman , Üsekes Berk , Gerike Susanna , Heuser Isabella , Peters Oliver , Hellmann-Regen Julian 
Published: May 2023

AbstractNeuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer`s disease (AD). Brain macrophage populations differentially modulate the immune response to AD pathology according to the disease stage. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is known to play a protective role in AD and has been postulated as a putative therapeutic target. Whether, and to which extent TREM2 expression can be modulated in the aged macrophage population of the brain is unknown, emphasizing the need for a human, patient-specific model. Using cells from AD patients and matched controls (CO) we designed an assay based on monocyte-derived macrophages to mimic brain-infiltrating macrophages and to assess the individualized TREM2 synthesis in vitro. We systematically assessed the effects of short-term (acute—2 days) and long-term (chronic—10 days) M1- (LPS), M2- (IL-10, IL-4, TGF-β), and M0- (vehicle) macrophage differentiation on TREM2 synthesis. Moreover, the effects of retinoic acid (RA), a putative TREM2 modulator, on individualized TREM2 synthesis were assessed. We report increased TREM2 synthesis after acute M2- compared to M1-differentiation in CO- but not AD-derived cells. Chronic M2- and M0-differentiation however resulted in an increase of TREM2 synthesis in both AD- and CO-derived cells while chronic M1-differentiation increased TREM2 in AD-derived cells only. Moreover, chronic M2- and M0-differentiation improved the amyloid-β (Aβ) uptake of the CO-derived whereas M1-differentiation of the AD-derived cells. Interestingly, RA-treatment did not modulate TREM2. In the age of personalized medicine, our individualized model could be used to screen for potential drug-mediated treatment responses in vitro.
Graphical Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been postulated as a putative therapeutic target in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using cells from AD patients and matched controls (CO), we designed a monocyte-derived macrophages (Mo-MФs) assay to assess the individualized TREM2 synthesis in vitro. We report increased TREM2 synthesis after acute M2- compared to M1- macrophage differentiation in CO- but not AD-derived cells. Chronic M2- and M0- differentiation however resulted in an increase of TREM2 synthesis in both AD- and CO-derived cells while chronic M1-differentiation increased TREM2 in AD-cells only
Fall compensation detection from EEG using neuroevolution and genetic hyperparameter optimisation
Authors: Bird Jordan J. , Lotfi Ahmad 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Detecting fall compensatory behaviour from large EEG datasets poses a difficult problem in big data which can be alleviated by evolutionary computation-based machine learning strategies. In this article, hyperheuristic optimisation solutions via evolutionary optimisation of deep neural network topologies and genetic programming of machine learning pipelines will be investigated. Wavelet extractions from signals recorded during physical activities present a binary problem for detecting fall compensation. The earlier results show that a Gaussian process model achieves an accuracy of 86.48%. Following this, artificial neural networks are evolved through evolutionary algorithms and score similarly to most standard models; the hyperparameters chosen are well outside the bounds of batch or manual searches. Five iterations of genetic programming scored higher than all other approaches, at a mean 90.52% accuracy. The best pipeline extracted polynomial features and performed Principal Components Analysis, before machine learning through a randomised set of decision trees, and passing the class prediction probabilities to a 72-nearest-neighbour algorithm. The best genetic solution could infer data in 0.02 s, whereas the second best genetic programming solution (89.79%) could infer data in only 0.3 ms.

Graphical abstract
Geodesic structure of a rotating regular black hole
Authors: Bautista-Olvera Brandon , Degollado Juan Carlos , German Gabriel 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe examine the dynamics of particles around a rotating regular black hole. In particular we focus on the effects of the characteristic length parameter of the spinning black hole on the motion of the particles by solving the equation of orbital motion. We have found that there is a fourth constant of motion that determines the dynamics of orbits out the equatorial plane similar as in the Kerr black hole. Through detailed analyses of the corresponding effective potentials for massive particles the possible orbits are numerically simulated. A comparison with the trajectories in a Kerr spacetime shows that the differences appear when the black holes rotate slowly for large values of the characteristic length parameter.
Orbital inflammation following COVID-19 vaccination: A case series and literature review
Authors: Ang Terence , Tong Jessica Y. , Patel Sandy , Khong Jwu Jin , Selva Dinesh 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to report three cases of orbital inflammation following administration of the COVID-19 vaccination, manifesting as Tolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) and orbital myositis.

Method
A retrospective case series and literature review of patients who developed orbital inflammation following a COVID-19 vaccination.

Results
One patient presented with Tolosa–Hunt syndrome (THS) 14 days following her third (booster) COVID-19 vaccination, one patient developed orbital myositis 10 days following his first COVID-19 vaccination and one patient developed recurrent orbital myositis 1 and 7 days following her second and fourth COVID-19 vaccination. All patients received the Comirnaty vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). A thorough systemic autoimmune disease workup in both patients was unremarkable. Two patients had a prior history of orbital inflammation, with previous involvement of other different orbital structures. Characteristic MRI features for each pathology were observed, supporting the clinical presentation of THS and orbital myositis. There was complete resolution of THS following corticosteroids, with no recurrence at 2 months. Meanwhile, one case of orbital myositis self-resolved at 2 months without use of systemic corticosteroids, while the other patient with orbital myositis required treatment with intra-orbital steroid injections and oral corticosteroids.

Conclusion
Orbital inflammation has been recognised as a rare adverse effect following COVID-19 vaccination. We present a case series of THS and orbital myositis as varied presentations of this entity.
Deviations in continuously monitored electrodermal activity before severe clinical complications: a clinical prospective observational explorative cohort study
Authors: Johansen Andreas Ohrt , Mølgaard Jesper , Rasmussen Søren Straarup , Gu Ying , Grønbæk Katja Kjær , Sørensen Helge B. D. , Aasvang Eske Kvanner , Meyhoff Christian Sylvest 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMonitoring of high-risk patients in hospital wards is crucial in identifying and preventing clinical deterioration. Sympathetic nervous system activity measured continuously and non-invasively by Electrodermal activity (EDA) may relate to complications, but the clinical use remains untested. The aim of this study was to explore associations between deviations of EDA and subsequent serious adverse events (SAE). Patients admitted to general wards after major abdominal cancer surgery or with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were continuously EDA-monitored for up to 5 days. We used time-perspectives consisting of 1, 3, 6, and 12 h of data prior to first SAE or from start of monitoring. We constructed 648 different EDA-derived features to assess EDA. The primary outcome was any SAE and secondary outcomes were respiratory, infectious, and cardiovascular SAEs. Associations were evaluated using logistic regressions with adjustment for relevant confounders. We included 714 patients and found a total of 192 statistically significant associations between EDA-derived features and clinical outcomes. 79% of these associations were EDA-derived features of absolute and relative increases in EDA and 14% were EDA-derived features with normalized EDA above a threshold. The highest F1-scores for primary outcome with the four time-perspectives were 20.7–32.8%, with precision ranging 34.9–38.6%, recall 14.7–29.4%, and specificity 83.1–91.4%. We identified statistically significant associations between specific deviations of EDA and subsequent SAE, and patterns of EDA may be developed to be considered indicators of upcoming clinical deterioration in high-risk patients.
Blended Emotions can be Accurately Recognized from Dynamic Facial and Vocal Expressions
Authors: Israelsson Alexandra , Seiger Anja , Laukka Petri 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPeople frequently report feeling more than one emotion at the same time (i.e., blended emotions), but studies on nonverbal communication of such complex states remain scarce. Actors (N = 18) expressed blended emotions consisting of all pairwise combinations of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness – using facial gestures, body movement, and vocal sounds – with the intention that both emotions should be equally prominent in the resulting expression. Accuracy of blended emotion recognition was assessed in two preregistered studies using a combined forced-choice and rating scale task. For each recording, participants were instructed to choose two scales (out of 5 available scales: anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness) that best described their perception of the emotional content and judge how clearly each of the two chosen emotions were perceived. Study 1 (N = 38) showed that all emotion combinations were accurately recognized from multimodal (facial/bodily/vocal) expressions, with significantly higher ratings on scales corresponding to intended vs. non-intended emotions. Study 2 (N = 51) showed that all emotion combinations were also accurately perceived when the recordings were presented in unimodal visual (facial/bodily) and auditory (vocal) conditions, although accuracy was lower in the auditory condition. To summarize, results suggest that blended emotions, including combinations of both same-valence and other-valence emotions, can be accurately recognized from dynamic facial/bodily and vocal expressions. The validated recordings of blended emotion expressions are freely available for research purposes.
Temporal and Latitudinal Variation in Penumbra-Umbra Ratios of the Sunspots: Analyses of RGO, Kodaikanal and Debrecen Databases
Authors: Takalo Jouni 
Published: May 2023

AbstractWe study the latitudinal distribution and temporal evolution of the sunspot penumbra-umbra ratio ($q$
q
) for the even and odd Solar Cycles 12 – 24 of RGO sunspot groups, SC21 – SC24 of Debrecen sunspot groups and Kodaikanal sunspot dataset for SC16 – SC24. We find that RGO even (odd) Cycles have $q$
q
-values 5.20 (4.75), Kodaikanal even (odd) cycles have $q$
q
-values 5.27 (5.43), and Debrecen cycles have $q$
q
-value 5.74 on the average.We also show that $q$
q
is at its lowest around the Equator of the Sun and increases towards higher latitudes having maximum values at about 10 – 25 degrees. This is understandable because smaller sunspots and groups locate nearer to the Equator and have smaller $q$
q
-values than larger sunspots and groups, which maximize at about 10 – 20 degrees at both hemispheres. The error limits are very wide, and, thus, the confidence in this result is somewhat vague.For the Debrecen dataset, we find a deep valley in the temporal $q$
q
-values before the middle of the cycle. We show that this exists simultaneously with the Gnevyshev gap (GG) in the graph of the total and umbral areas of the large sunspot groups. Other databases do not show GG in their $q$
q
-graphs, although GG exists in their temporal total area and umbral area.
Conceptual Engineering Between Representational Skepticism and Complacency: Is There a Third Way?
Authors: Belleri Delia 
Published: May 2023

AbstractConceptual engineering has been linked by Herman Cappelen to a position called “representational skepticism”, described as one’s refusal to uncritically take over the conceptual representations one is handed. This position is contrasted with an uncritical attitude, called “representational complacency”. Arguably, neither position, or a hybrid of the two, is rationally sustainable. This paper therefore proposes an alternative option, called “critical concept conservatism”, stating that having a concept makes it rational (in a suitable sense of “rational”) for one to retain it, unless there are grounds to question it. Critical concept conservatism avoids the drawbacks of skepticism and complacency; plus, it is independently supported by both positive and negative considerations. Furthermore, it complies with the demanding attitude towards conceptual representations that a conceptual engineer would be expected to have.
Removal of anthraquinone dye from wastewaters by hybrid modified activated carbons
Authors: Tolkou Athanasia K. , Mitropoulos Athanasios C. , Kyzas George Z. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Dyes are among the main environmental pollutants, due to the high amount of discharge of wastewater, lost in the dyeing process, without any further treatment. Anthraquinone dyes are stable and resistant in the aquatic system. Among the methods that have been applied to remove these dyes from wastewaters, adsorption on activated carbon has been reported as a very effective technique, and its modification with oxides and hydroxides of metals have been used to increase its surface area. In the present study, the production of activated carbon was originated by coconut shells, and a mixture of metals and metalloids, such as magnesium, silicate, lanthanum, and aluminum (AC-Mg-Si-La-Al), was used for its subsequent modification and applied to Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) removal. AC-Mg-Si-La-Al surface morphology was studied by BET, FTIR, and SEM methods. For the evaluation of AC-Mg-Si-La-Al, several parameters, such as dosage, pH, contact time, and initial RBBR concentration were studied. According to the results, in pH 5.0 ± 0.1, the dye percentage rate reached 100% by applying 0.5 g/L. Therefore, the optimal dose of 0.4 g/L and pH 5.0 ± 0.1 are selected, which leads to 99% removal of RBBR. The experimental data found to better fit to Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.9189) and pseudo-second-order kinetic (R2 = 0.9291) models and 4 h were the sufficient time for adsorption. According to thermodynamics, a positive value of ∆H0 (19.661 kJ/mol) suggests the endothermic nature of the process. The AC-Mg-Si-La-Al adsorbent was able to regenerate after 5 cycles of use, showing only a 17% decrease in its efficiency. Because of its effectiveness in full RBBR removal, AC-Mg-Si-La-Al could be further examined for the removal of several other dyes, even anionic or cationic.
Graphical Abstract
Recent developments in CVD growth and applications of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Zeng Hui , Wen Yao , Yin Lei , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Hao , Liu Chuansheng , He Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with fascinating electronic energy band structures, rich valley physical properties and strong spin–orbit coupling have attracted tremendous interest, and show great potential in electronic, optoelectronic, spintronic and valleytronic fields. Stacking 2D TMDs have provided unprecedented opportunities for constructing artificial functional structures. Due to the low cost, high yield and industrial compatibility, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is regarded as one of the most promising growth strategies to obtain high-quality and large-area 2D TMDs and heterostructures. Here, state-of-the-art strategies for preparing TMDs details of growth control and related heterostructures construction via CVD method are reviewed and discussed, including wafer-scale synthesis, phase transition, doping, alloy and stacking engineering. Meanwhile, recent progress on the application of multi-functional devices is highlighted based on 2D TMDs. Finally, challenges and prospects are proposed for the practical device applications of 2D TMDs.
A sensorized modular training platform to reduce vascular damage in endovascular surgery
Authors: Fischer Nikola , Marzi Christian , Meisenbacher Katrin , Kisilenko Anna , Davitashvili Tornike , Wagner Martin , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Purpose
Endovascular interventions require intense practice to develop sufficient dexterity in catheter handling within the human body. Therefore, we present a modular training platform, featuring 3D-printed vessel phantoms with patient-specific anatomy and integrated piezoresistive impact force sensing of instrument interaction at clinically relevant locations for feedback-based skill training to detect and reduce damage to the delicate vascular wall.

Methods
The platform was fabricated and then evaluated in a user study by medical ($$n=10$$

n
=
10

) and non-medical ($$n=10$$

n
=
10

) users. The users had to navigate a set of guidewire and catheter through a parkour of 3 modules including an aneurismatic abdominal aorta, while impact force and completion time were recorded. Eventually, a questionnaire was conducted.

Results
The platform allowed to perform more than 100 runs in which it proved capable to distinguish between users of different experience levels. Medical experts in the fields of vascular and visceral surgery had a strong performance assessment on the platform. It could be shown, that medical students could improve runtime and impact over 5 runs. The platform was well received and rated as promising for medical education despite the experience of higher friction compared to real human vessels.

Conclusion
We investigated an authentic patient-specific training platform with integrated sensor-based feedback functionality for individual skill training in endovascular surgery. The presented method for phantom manufacturing is easily applicable to arbitrary patient-individual imaging data. Further work shall address the implementation of smaller vessel branches, as well as real-time feedback and camera imaging for further improved training experience.