bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allgemeinmedizinische und hausärztliche Aspekte im
Koalitionsvertrag 2021
Authors: Nohl-Deryk Pascal , Scherer Martin 
Published: January 2023

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die bundesweite hausärztliche
Behandlungskapazität ist in der vergangenen Legislaturperiode gesunken.
In der Legislaturperiode ab 2021 droht sich dieser Trend fortzusetzen. Der
Sachverständigenrat Gesundheit sieht bis zur nächsten
Bundestagswahl 2025 einen Ersatzbedarf von mehr als 26.000 Hausärzten.
Daraus ergibt sich ein politischer Handlungsbedarf zur Sicherung der
hausärztlichen Versorgung.
Methodik Es erfolgte eine Inhaltsanalyse des Koalitionsvertrag 2021
zwischen SPD, Grünen und FDP in Bezug auf explizite und verwandte
Themenbereiche der hausärztlichen Versorgung. Mit einer gemischt
induktiven-deduktiven Einordnung der eingeschlossenen Textstellen erfolgte eine
thematische Strukturierung der Ergebnisse.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 34 relevante Textstellen zwischen den Seiten 8
bis 139 des Koalitionsvertrages identifiziert. Die hausärztliche
Versorgung wird nur einmal explizit angesprochen als es um die geplante
Aufhebung der Budgetierung geht. Weitere Vorhaben die die hausärztliche
Tätigkeit direkt betreffen umfassen Bürokratieabbau,
Präventionsmaßnahmen, sowie den vereinfachten medizinischen
Zugang für bisher benachteiligte Patientengruppen. Weitere Passagen im
Koalitionsvertrag betreffen die Versorgungssicherheit im Gesundheitswesen, inkl.
Bedarfsplanung, innovativer Gesundheitsmodelle, sowie
sektorenübergreifende Versorgung. Ein Schwerpunkt des
Koalitionsvertrages liegt im Themenfeld Digitalisierung. Dabei werden neben
IT-Grundlagen, auch eine Digitalisierungsstrategie im Gesundheitswesen,
telemedizinische Leistungen, sowie die elektronische Patientenakte inkl. opt-out
erwähnt. Weitere Textstellen umfassen Vorhaben zur Erleichterung von
Forschung oder Klimawandel und Gesundheit.
Schlussfolgerung Trotz fehlender Erwähnung von
Hausärztinnen und Hausärzten im Koalitionsvertrag betreffen
viele Vorhaben die hausärztliche Arbeit. Einige der erwähnten
Ideen hat auch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemeinmedizin und
Familienmedizin (DEGAM) schon in ihren Positionen zur Zukunft der
Allgemeinmedizin, Digitalisierung oder Klimawandel und Gesundheit
aufgeschrieben. Die geplanten Vorhaben im Koalitionsvertrag haben das Potential
die hausärztliche Versorgung zu stärken und auch für
Nachwuchs attraktiver zu machen. Um kurz- und auch langfristig aber die
hausärztliche Versorgung aufrechtzuerhalten könnten weitere
Maßnahmen notwendig sein.
One-Pot Carbon-Chain Extension for Nervonic/Carboxylic Acid Synthesis with the Assistance of Microwaves and Lithium Chloride
Authors: Yi Bingqing , Zhao Guodong , Lei Haimin , Wang Cheng , Su Jin , Li Yimeng , Gao Shengfang , Huo Xiaojie 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA mild, green, and convenient synthesis of nervonic acid was developed through a one-pot carbon-chain extension with the assistance of microwaves and lithium chloride (55% total yield); this is preferable to a previous six-step method (10% total yield). Compared with the previous lengthy refluxing process (>80 hours) with corrosive reagents, which furnished a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers, this efficient microwave protocol was more than a hundred times faster and was free of configurational isomerization. Notably, LiCl played a dual role in a Krapcho decarboxylation and subsequent ester hydrolysis under neutral conditions that replace the corrosive saponification in the previously reported one-pot method. Finally, this mild and efficient protocol was successfully applied to various carboxylic acids, including natural products, verifying its wide utility, easy operations, and attractive properties in organic synthesis.
Transition-Metal-Free Dehydrogenative Cyclization via α-Csp3–H Activation of Ethers and Thioethers
Authors: Jana Ranjan , Manna Kartic , Begam Hasina Mamataj 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe report herein the tetraethylammonium bromide catalyzed intramolecular oxidative cyclization of O- or S-alkylated salicylic or thiosalicylic acid derivatives to access 4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-ones or 4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxathiin-4-ones, respectively. The oxidative cyclization of salicylic acid derivatives proceeds through a radical pathway at 110 °C. In contrast, the cyclization of the thiosalicylic acids proceeds smoothly at room temperature via an ionic pathway. Notably, the overall reactions are fast, completed within short reaction times, furnishing the products in high yields and with smooth formation of quaternary carbon centers.
Use of CEUS for Imaging Evaluation of Pediatric Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Tüchert Stefanie Eliane , Vollert Kurt , Schuster Tobias , Kröncke Thomas 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Purpose Peritonsillar abscess can be diagnosed by B-mode ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging. The latter (with MRI being the modality of first choice in children) is associated with higher effort and risk for pediatric patients due to the administration of X-rays and/or the need of sedation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the introduction of CEUS into the diagnostic algorithm for suspected pediatric peritonsillar abscess is suitable and advantageous.
Materials and methods Single-institution retrospective review of data of pediatric patients who were presented to the department of pediatric radiology for sonographic evaluation under the suspicion of peritonsillar abscess. Diagnostic performance of CEUS was evaluated by using surgical exploration or clinical follow-up as the reference standard.
Results 284 children included in the study underwent B-mode ultrasound. Mean age of all patients was 6,23 years. Peritonsillar abscess was the diagnosis in 42 patients. Diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess was made by B-mode ultrasound alone in 13 of 42 patients (31 %). In 17 of 42 patients (40 %), diagnosis was made by a combination of B-mode ultrasound and CEUS. Sensitivity rose from 37 % to 86 % in cases where B-mode ultrasound remained unclear and CEUS was used.
Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is suitable and efficient for the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess in pediatric patients. It increases the sensitivity for the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess and thereby reduces the need of additional cross-sectional imaging for the pediatric patients.
Aryl Triflates in Phosphorus-Directed Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Activation
Authors: Roger Julien , Hierso Jean-Cyrille , Sire Charline , Tsivery Anthonia , Cattey Hélène 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAryl triflates are selected as suitable electrophile coupling partners for the phosphorus-directed rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct C–H arylation of polyaromatic phosphines. We report herein simple conditions for the peri-C–H functionalization of polyarylphosphines, where a [Rh(III)Cl2Cp*]2 precatalyst is employed to provide a convenient access to polyarylated phosphines in up to 93% isolated yield. This synthetic approach tolerates a wide range of different aryl trifluoromethylsulfonate derivatives bearing either electron-donating (COMe, CN, CF3 or Cl) or electron-withdrawing substituents (Me, OMe) at the para-, meta- and ortho-positions, and includes bulky polyaromatic triflate substrates. We further describe access to a large class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phosphine ligands, their oxidized derivatives (i.e., their oxides and selenides), their coordination modes with Au(I) and Cu(I) coinage metal salts, and their use as efficient ligands for the atom-economic, gold-catalyzed oxidative cyclization of terminal alkynes with nitriles.
Fatigue-induced Alterations of the Patellar Tendon in Elite Sprint
Track Cyclists
Authors: Klich Sebastian , Michalik Kamil , Rajca Jolanta , Ficek Krzysztof , Fernández-de-las-Peñas Cesar , Kawczynski Adam , Madeleine Pascal 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aims to investigate morphological and mechanical properties and
echogenicity of the patellar tendon (PT) after acute fatigue-induced alterations
in sprint track cyclists. Fourteen elite track cyclists participated in this
study. The exercise protocol consisted of three maximal start accelerations
(over a distance of 62.5 m), one maximal start acceleration (at both
125 m and 250 m), and sprints from the standing start.
Immediately after testing all measurements, PT stiffness and thickness were set
at 5–10–15–20 mm distal from the apex of the
patella and 5–10 mm proximal to the tibial tuberosity. CSA was
set at proximal, middle, and distal, while echogenicity was at proximal and
distal points. The results showed significant increases in PT stiffness at all
reference points after start acceleration (p<0.001). PT thickness showed
similar results for stiffness, except for location placed at TT-5
(p<0.001). CSA increased significantly in proximal, middle, and distal
regions (p<0.001), while echogenicity of the tendon increased in
proximal and distal regions (p<0.001) after start acceleration.
Regional-dependent alterations of PT thickness and stiffness may be related to
anatomical and physiological mechanisms due to acute isometric contraction in
the initial phase of standing start. Tendon echogenicity might be also useful in
monitoring tendon mechanical properties and defining acute fatigue-induced
changes.
Investigating the Effects of Chordoma Cell-Derived Exosomes on the Tumorigenicity of Nucleus Pulposus Cells
Authors: Aydemir Esra , Yılmaz Nur Zübeyda , Bayrak Ömer Faruk , Sahin Fikrettin 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Objective Interaction of tumor cells with the surrounding environment is essential for tumor growth and progression that eventually leads to metastasis. Growing evidence shows that extracellular vesicles also known as exosomes play a crucial role in signaling between the tumor and its microenvironment. Tumor-derived exosomes have generally protumorigenic effects such as metastasis, hypoxia, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Methods In this study, exosomes were isolated from a chordoma cell line, MUG-Chor1, and characterized subsequently. The number of exosomes was determined and introduced into the healthy nucleus pulposus (NP) cells for 140 days. The protumorigenic effects of a chordoma cell line-derived exosomes that initiate the tumorigenesis on NP cells were investigated. The impact of tumor-derived exosomes on various cellular events including cell cycle, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, and viability has been studied by treating NP cells with chordoma cell-line-derived exosomes cells.
Results Upon treatment with exosomes, the NP cells not only gained a chordoma-like morphology but also molecular characteristics such as alterations in the levels of certain gene expressions. The migratory and angiogenic capabilities of NP cells increased after treatment with chordoma-derived exosomes.
Conclusion Based on our findings, we can conclude that exosomes carry information from tumor cells and may exert tumorigenic effects on nontumorous cells.
Anatomical Step-by-Step Dissection of Midline Suboccipital Approaches to the Fourth Ventricle for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Telovelar, Transvermian, and Superior Transvelar Routes, Surgical Principles, and Illustrative Cases
Authors: Dang Danielle D. , Rechberger Julian S. , Leonel Luciano C.P.C. , Hallak Hana , Graepel Stephen , Link Michael J. , Daniels David J. , Peris-Celda Maria 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Introduction Safe, effective access to the fourth ventricle for oncologic resection remains challenging given the depth of location, restricted posterior fossa boundaries, and surrounding eloquent neuroanatomy. Despite description in the literature, a practical step-by step dissection guide of the suboccipital approaches to the fourth ventricle targeted to all training levels is lacking.
Methods Two formalin-fixed, latex-injected specimens were dissected under microscopic magnification and endoscopic visualization. Dissections of the telovelar, transvermian, and supracerebellar infratentorial-superior transvelar approaches were performed by one neurosurgery resident (D.D.D.), under guidance of senior authors. The dissections were supplemented with representative clinical cases to highlight pertinent surgical principles.
Results The telovelar and transvermian corridors afford excellent access to the caudal two-thirds of the fourth ventricle with the former approach offering expanded access to the lateral recess, foramen of Luschka, adjacent skull base, and cerebellopontine angle. The supracerebellar infratentorial-superior transvelar approach reaches the rostral third of the fourth ventricle, the cerebral aqueduct, and dorsal mesencephalon. Key steps described include positioning and skin incision, myofascial dissection, burr hole and craniotomy, durotomy, the aforementioned transventricular routes, and identification of relevant skull base landmarks.
Conclusion The midline suboccipital craniotomy represents a foundational cranial approach, particularly for lesions involving the fourth ventricle. Operatively oriented resources that combine stepwise neuroanatomic dissections with representative cases provide a crucial foundation for neurosurgical training. We present a comprehensive guide for trainees in the surgical anatomy laboratory to optimize familiarity with fourth ventricle approaches, mastery of relevant microsurgical anatomy, and simultaneous preparation for learning in the operating room.
Trifluoroethanol-Mediated Cyclization of Two-Carbon-Tethered Epoxide–N-Boc Pairs: Completely Regioselective Synthesis of 3,6-Disubstituted 1,3-Oxazinan-2-ones
Authors: Das Sajal Kumar , Das Jonali , Chouhan Raju , Borgohain Hemi , Borah Biraj Jyoti 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe regio- and diastereoselective construction of biologically relevant cyclic carbamates under operationally simple and mild transition-metal-free conditions is challenging and has led to a demand for efficient methods for their synthesis. The intramolecular ring-opening cyclization of N-Boc-tethered epoxides leading to the formation of cyclic carbamates is equipped with many favorable synthetic features, including easy accessibility of starting materials in a stereodefined form, high diversification points in the substrates, and a favorable entropy factor. However, its use in the construction of 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones remains largely neglected. Specifically, prior to 2020, only few 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones were successfully synthesized using this strategy. Moreover, our very own recent attempt to access these heterocycles using one-carbon-tethered N-Boc–epoxide pairs was met with little success as the process furnished either only 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones or nearly equal amounts of 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones and 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones. Herein, we demonstrate that when the epoxide and N-Boc moieties are connected by a two-carbon tether, the cyclization could deliver 1,3-oxazinan-2-ones containing vicinal stereocenters, as sole regioisomers and diastereomers in high yields (up to 95% yield), irrespective of whether the distal epoxide substituent is alkyl or aryl, or the epoxide is cis- or trans-configured.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Diazobicyclic Oxadiazines via Organocatalytic [3+3]-Cycloaddition of γ-Hydroxy-α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyls with N,N′-Cyclic Azomethine Imines
Authors: Kim Sung-Gon , Kang Sung Hyun , Park Byung Jun 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA diastereo- and enantioselective synthesis of diazobicyclic oxadiazines was developed through an organocatalytic cycloaddition reaction. Asymmetric catalytic [3+3]-cycloaddition of γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated carbonyls with N,N′-cyclic azomethine imines, using a squaramide-based catalyst, provided biologically important enantioenriched diazobicyclic oxadiazines in good yields with moderate to high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 10:1 dr and 79:21 er).
Synthesis of N–C Fused Bicyclic 1,3,5-Triazinane-2,4-dione Derivatives from Saturated Ring-Fused Urazoles
Authors: Manjunath Bhanu N. , Panga Subhaskar R. , Hall Roger G. , Shyadligeri Ashok , Shete Shrikant A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA synthesis of novel bicyclic 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4-diones has been accomplished through base-promoted fragmentation followed by cyclization. Various saturated ring-fused bicyclic urazoles were prepared by two complementary methods: by the reaction of N,N′-bis(2-chloroethyl)urazoles with various nucleophiles or by using 4-substituted urazoles and dibromoalkanes. Treatment of these symmetrical urazole derivatives with LDA at –78 °C to 25 °C resulted in fragmentation of the N–N bond to form an imine that underwent intramolecular cyclization, resulting in moderate yields of nonsymmetric heterocycle derivatives with an asymmetric (racemic) center and various ring sizes. The utility of these transformations was extended to syntheses of a tricyclic system and bicyclic systems containing additional heteroatoms.
A Cyclobutanol Ring-Expansion Approach to Oxygenated Carbazoles: Total Synthesis of Glycoborine, Carbazomycin A and Carbazomycin B
Authors: Parsons Philip J. , Natho Philipp , Allen Lewis A. T. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe transition-metal-free total syntheses of the oxygenated carbazole natural products glycoborine, carbazomycin A and carbazomycin B are reported. The key step involves an NBS-mediated cyclobutanol ring expansion to 4-tetralones for the preparation of the tricyclic carbazole core.
Influence of Kirschner-Wire Insertion Angle on Construct Biomechanics following Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Fixation in Dogs
Authors: Hawbecker Tyler J. , Duffy Daniel J. , Chang Yi-Jen , Moore George E. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kirschner wire insertion angle on the biomechanical characteristics following tibial tuberosity osteotomy fixation in dogs.Study Design Twelve pairs of cadaveric tibia were harvested and randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Kirschner wires were placed either transversely (0 degrees) or placed caudodistally (30 degrees) with respect to the tibial tuberosity osteotomy. Each limb acted as its own respective control. Radiographic analysis allowed for the calculation of Kirschner wire insertion angle variance. Constructs were tested to monotonic failure while evaluating yield, peak, and failure forces, construct stiffness, and failure mode.Results Kirschner wire insertion angles were 1.1 ± 2.2 degrees and 30.5 ± 2.3 degrees, respectively, for 0-degree and 30-degree groups (p <0.0001). Yield (p = 0.0095), peak (p <0.024) and failure loads (p <0.030) were all significantly greater for Kirschner wires inserted at an angle of 0 degrees compared with 30 degrees. Construct stiffness did not differ regardless of insertion angle (p = 0.068). Failure mode did not differ (p = 0.87) with tibial tuberosity avulsion and Kirschner wire pull-out seen in the majority of constructs (67%).Conclusion Kirschner wires placed transversely (0 degrees) for tibial tuberosity osteotomy fixation were biomechanically superior, increasing yield, peak, and failure forces by 1.6 times, 1.3 times, and 1.4 times, respectively, to those placed in a caudodistal (30 degrees) orientation. Kirschner wire insertion angle is an important consideration following tibial tuberosity osteotomy in dogs, with Kirschner wires placed at 0 degrees conferring increased resistance of the repair to construct deformation.
Challenging Cases in Neuroimmunology
Authors: Shah Anna A. , Wolf Andrew B. , Declusin Anthony , Coleman Kyle , Kammeyer Ryan , Khan Baber , Corboy John R. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractNeuroimmunology is rapidly evolving field extending from well-known, but incompletely understood conditions like multiple sclerosis, to novel antibody-mediated disorders, of which dozens have been described in the past 10 years. The ongoing expansion in knowledge needed to effectively diagnose and treat these patients presents myriad challenges for clinicians. Here, we discuss six informative cases from our institution. By highlighting these challenging cases, we hope to instill fundamental points on the nuances of diagnosis and management for conditions including tumefactive multiple sclerosis, antibody-mediated encephalitis, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG–associated disease.
Acetazolamide, Short Bed Rest, and Subfascial Off-Suction Drainage in Preventing Persistent Spinal Fluid Leaks from Incidental Dural Tears
Authors: AbdelFatah Mohamed A.R. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Background Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak might occur after the repair of dural tears. Acetazolamide lowers intradural pressure by decreasing CSF production. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of persistent CSF leak from incidental dural tears after using acetazolamide, short bed rest, and subfascial off-suction drainage.
Methods The medical records at the Ain Shams University hospital were examined retrospectively for this descriptive single-arm cohort study. Adult patients who underwent lumbar degenerative spine surgery from January 2011 through January 2021 were enrolled. The included patients experienced a CSF leak and were administered acetazolamide 1.5 g/d from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 7. Subfascial drainage was kept for a maximum of 5 days without suction.
Results Seventy-four patients met the inclusion criteria of the study. Fifty-nine patients (79.7%) had recurrent lumbar surgery. The average age of the patients was 55.7 years. In all patients, the quantity of fluid in the drain decreased on a daily basis. The subfascial drain was kept for 5 days in 26 patients (35.1%). There was no wound infection, collection, or persistent CSF leakage in any of the patients over the 6-month follow-up period.
Conclusions In this study, acetazolamide was well tolerated by the patients and, in addition to short bed rest (72 hours) and off-suction subfascial drainage, did not result in persistent CSF leakage in any patient. A prospective placebo-controlled study is beneficial to confirm the efficacy of acetazolamide in preventing CSF leakage.
Geospatial Distribution of Fluoride and Iron in Natural Water Sources in Mangalore City
Authors: Kushalan Sharanya , Kashyap Anusha , Morajkar Shaiesh , Hegde Smitha 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWater is the most essential substance that supports life on earth. Animals and plants require water for their survival. Since water is being lost or used by our body, it is essential to replace it constantly. Humans need clean, potable water for consumption and to meet their daily hygiene needs. However, increased anthropogenic activities have caused a drastic increase in heavy metals in fresh waters. Heavy metals interfere with the normal physiology of the human body. It binds to cellular components, leading to dysfunction of the metabolic processes in our body. This study was undertaken to study the geospatial distribution of selected heavy metals in open-well waters within Mangalore City Corporation limits. Mangalore is perched strategically on the path of rapid development, heading toward becoming a smart city in India. Water samples were collected from all 60 wards in the jurisdiction of Mangalore City Corporation. The fluoride concentration was estimated using the spectrophotometric method using the Sodium 2-(parasulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy3,6-naphthalene disulfonate (SPADNS) reagent. Similarly, iron was estimated using the phenanthroline reagent. The findings report that the pH of the samples was acidic in 20 wards. Panambur, Kunjathbail North, Mannagudda, Court and Cantonment water was colored. Kunjathbail (North), Kunjathbail (South), Kambala, Kadri North, Bendoor, Bolar, Mannagudda, and Markada, showed high turbidity levels. The fluoride concentration in the samples collected from 60 wards of Mangalore city was less than 1.5 ppm, which is the permissible limit by the World Health Organization. Iron is within the permissible limit except for the wards Court and Boloor, which showed an iron concentration of 0.4 ppm and 3.08 ppm, respectively. However, arsenic was not detected in any of the 180 samples collected from the 60 wards of Mangalore City Corporation.