bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sparse wavelengths data in mid‐infrared spectroscopy: Modelling approaches and channel sampling
Authors: Aledda Miriam , Kohler Achim , Zimmermann Boris , Patel Nageshvar , Shapaval Volha , Tafintseva Valeria 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfrared instruments with smaller and cost‐effective components such as bandpass filters, single channel detectors, and laser‐based light sources are being developed to provide cheaper and faster analysis of biological samples. Such instruments often provide measurements in form of sparse data, which include a collection of single‐frequency channels or a collection of channels covering very narrow spectral ranges, called here multi‐frequency channels. To keep costs low, the number of channels needs to be kept at a minimum. However, modelling and preprocessing of sparse data needs enough channels to perform the task. The aim of this study therefore was to understand the effect of channels sampling on data modelling results and find optimal modelling algorithm for different type of sparse data. The sparse data was simulated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectra of milk and fungi. Regression models were established to predict fatty acid composition by partial least squares regression (PLSR), multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) methods. We observe that PLSR algorithm is very well suited for sparse data such as multi‐frequency channels: excellent calibration models were obtained with only three channels comprising three wavenumbers each. The results were comparable to results obtained with full spectra. MLR and RF in turn provided similarly good results using data with single‐frequency channels requiring nine channels in total.
Analysis of the rate of force development reveals high neuromuscular fatigability in elderly patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chatrenet Antoine , Piccoli Giorgina , Audebrand Jean Michel , Torreggiani Massimo , Barbieux Julien , Vaillant Charly , Morel Baptiste , Durand Sylvain , Beaune Bruno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) induces muscle wasting and a reduction in the maximum voluntary force (MVF). Little is known about the neuromuscular fatigability in CKD patients, defined as the reduction of muscle force capacities during exercise. Neuromuscular fatigability is a crucial physical parameter of the daily living. The quantification of explosive force has been shown to be a sensitive means to assess neuromuscular fatigability. Thus, our study used explosive force estimates to assess neuromuscular fatigability in elderly CKD patients.MethodsInclusion criteria for CKD patients were age ≥ 60 years old and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 not on dialysis, and those for controls were GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, age and diabetes matched. The fatigability protocol focused on a handgrip task coupled with surface electromyography (sEMG). Scalars were extracted from the rate of force development (RFD): absolute and normalized time periods (50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 ms, RFD50, RFD75, RFD100, RFD150 and RFD200, respectively), peak RFD (RFDpeak in absolute; NRFDpeak normalized), time‐to‐peak RFD (t‐RFDpeak) and the relative force at RFDpeak (MVF‐RFDpeak). A statistical parametric mapping approach was performed on the force, impulse and RFD–time curves. The integrated sEMG with time at 0–30, 0–50, 0–100 and 0–200 ms time intervals relative to onset of sEMG activity was extracted and groups were compared separately for each sex.ResultsThe cohort of 159 individuals had a median age of 69 (9IQR) years and body mass index was 27.6 (6.2IQR) kg/m2. Propensity‐score‐matched groups balanced CKD patients and controls by gender with 66 males and 34 females. In scalar analysis, CKD patients manifested a higher decrement than controls in the early phase of contraction, regarding the NRFDpeak (P = 0.009; η2p = 0.034) and RFD75 and RFD100 (for both P < 0.001; η2p = 0.068 and 0.064). The one‐dimensional analysis confirmed that CKD males manifest higher and delayed neuromuscular fatigability, especially before 100 ms from onset of contraction. sEMG was lower in CKD patients than controls in the 0–100 ms (at rest: P = 0.049, Cohen's d = 0.458) and 0–200 ms (at rest: P = 0.016, Cohen's d = 0.496; during exercise: P = 0.006, Cohen's d = 0.421) time windows. Controls showed greater decrease of sEMG than CKD patients in the 0–30 ms (P = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.533) and 0–50 ms (P = 0.010, Cohen's d = 0.640) time windows. As opposite to females, males showed almost the same differences between groups.ConclusionsOur study is the first to show that CKD patients have higher fatigability than controls, which may be associated with an impaired motor‐unit recruitment, highlighting a neural drive disturbance with CKD. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Corylifol A ameliorates muscle atrophy by inhibiting TAOK1/p38‐MAPK/FoxO3 pathway in cancer cachexia
Authors: Zhang Ruiqin , Shen Qiang , Wang Yueping , Deng Xue , Fan Jialing , Gu Xiaofan , Fan Meng , Wei Kun , Cheng Chun‐Ru , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Zhang Xiong‐wen , Liu Xuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackgroundCorylifol A (CYA) is one of the main active components of Psoralea corylifolia L. CYA had been reported to have ameliorating effects on dexamethasone‐induced atrophy of C2C12 mouse skeletal myotubes, but its effects on cancer cachexia were unclear. Here, we checked the influence of CYA on muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia mice and tried to clarify its mechanisms.MethodsC26 tumour‐bearing mice were applied as the animal model to examine the effects of CYA in attenuating cachexia symptoms. The in vitro cell models of TNF‐α‐induced C2C12 myotubes or ad‐mRFP‐GFP‐LC3B‐transfected C2C12 myotubes were used to check the influence of CYA on myotube atrophy based on both ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy‐lysosome system. The possible direct targets of CYA were searched using the biotin‐streptavidin pull‐down assay and then confirmed using the Microscale thermophoresis binding assay. The levels of related signal proteins in both in vitro and in vivo experiments were examined using western blotting and immunocytochemical assay.ResultsThe administration of CYA prevented body weight loss and muscle wasting in C26 tumour‐bearing mice without affecting tumour growth. At the end of the experiment, the body weight of mice treated with 30 mg/kg of CYA (23.59 ± 0.94 g) was significantly higher than that of the C26 model group (21.66 ± 0.56 g) with P < 0.05. The values of gastrocnemius muscle weight/body weight of mice treated with 15 or 30 mg/kg CYA (0.53 ± 0.02% and 0.54 ± 0.01%, respectively) were both significantly higher than that of the C26 model group (0.45 ± 0.01%) with P < 0.01. CYA decreased both UPS‐mediated protein degradation and autophagy in muscle tissues of C26 tumour‐bearing mice as well as in C2C12 myotubes treated with TNF‐α. The thousand‐and‐one amino acid kinase 1 (TAOK1) was found to be the direct binding target of CYA. CYA inhibited the activation of TAOK1 and its downstream p38‐MAPK pathway thus decreased the level and nuclear location of FoxO3. siRNA knockdown of TAOK1 or regulation of the p38‐MAPK pathway using activator or inhibitor could affect the ameliorating effects of CYA on myotube atrophy.ConclusionsCYA ameliorates cancer cachexia muscle atrophy by decreasing both UPS degradation and autophagy. The ameliorating effects of CYA on muscle atrophy might be based on its binding with TAOK1 and inhibiting the TAOK1/p38‐MAPK/FoxO3 pathway.
Nipple properties affect sensorimotor integration during bottle feeding in an infant pig model
Authors: Johnson Maxwell L. , Steer Kendall E. , Edmonds Chloe E. , Adjerid Khaled , German Rebecca Z. , Mayerl Christopher J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractInfant feeding is a critical neurological milestone in development defined by the coordination of muscles, peripheral nerves, and brainstem nuclei. In infants, milk flow rate is often limited to improve feeding performance without treating the underlying deficiencies in the sucking and swallowing processes. Modification of the neuromotor response via sensory information from the nipple during bottle feeding is an unexplored avenue for physiology‐based interventions. In this study, we assessed how differences in nipple hole size and nipple stiffness affect sucking muscle activation and subsequent movement. We fabricated four bottle nipples of varying hole size and stiffness to determine how variation in nipple properties affects the sucking behavior of infant pigs. Our results demonstrate that sensory information from the nipple affects sucking motor output. Nipple hole sizes and stiffnesses with a larger milk flow rate resulted in greater muscle activity and kinematic movement. Additionally, our results suggest that sensorimotor interventions are better directed toward modulating tongue function rather than the mandible movements due to a greater response to sensory information. Understanding how sensory information influences infant feeding is instrumental in promoting effective infant feeding.
Securing accelerated access to long‐acting injectable cabotegravir for HIV prevention in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Jenkins Sarah Y. , Resar Danielle , Panos Zachary , Staple Alan , Watkins Melynda , Ripin David , Amole Carolyn 
Published: July 2023

AbstractIntroductionReductions in HIV acquisition have slowed, and the global community is significantly off track from global goals. Oral pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) alone cannot address the diverse needs of the millions of people at risk of HIV acquisition. Long‐acting injectable cabotegravir (CAB‐LA) received United States Food and Drug Administration approval for HIV prevention in December 2021. When studied, CAB‐LA demonstrated high effectiveness, provides months of protection versus daily use, is preferred by some users and has the potential to achieve commodity cost reduction. These factors position CAB‐LA to catalyse transformation in HIV prevention. Significant work must be undertaken to ensure at‐scale uptake in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Leveraging decades of product introduction experience, Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI) has developed an innovative roadmap to support equitable CAB‐LA introduction, comprising tightly executed market‐shaping, product development, regulatory, and programmatic and implementation action.DiscussionProven models exist (e.g. long‐acting reversible contraceptives, paediatric tuberculosis treatment and antiretrovirals (ARVs), such as paediatric dolutegravir and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and dolutegravir) for partnership‐driven, accelerated, impactful product introduction. Based on learnings from these models and needs in the prevention space, CHAI developed a roadmap to maximize the near‐term impact of CAB‐LA and accelerate the development of, access to and impact of quality‐assured, low‐cost generic CAB‐LA. This roadmap is intended to inform introduction planning and investment decision‐making across a range of stakeholders, including donors, governments, manufacturers and other partners working in the HIV prevention space. Elements include (1) ensuring coordination and alignment across partners, and avoiding redundancy experienced during oral PrEP introduction; (2) preparing national programmes and providing support to maximize impact, including the development of national policies, guidelines and introduction plans; system strengthening; quantification and procurement; and addressing evidence needs, among other areas; (3) supporting community engagement, ensuring that demand generation and delivery approaches are person‐centred and community‐led; (4) incentivizing generic product development through, for example, milestone‐based commercialization incentives and product development cost‐sharing; and (5) expediting regulatory reviews.ConclusionsAccelerating access to affordable, generic CAB‐LA can transform progress towards HIV epidemic control. This vision of impact at scale in prevention is achievable, if informed by results‐backed approaches to introduction.
Comparative studies on physicochemical properties of three potato varieties different in RS2 and RS3 contents
Authors: Zhang Siyan , Cheng Linrun , Gong Wanxin , Huang Jie , Peng Zhangchi , Meng Kaiwei , Zhang Liang , Shu Xiaoli , Wu Dianxing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDAt present, increasing importance has been attracted to healthy food enriched in resistant starch (RS), which has great benefits in health‐promoting. Raw potato has rich RS2, whereas most RS2 may become digestible after gelatinization, resulting in few RS being left in processed potato. Breeding potatoes with high RS2 or RS3 or both can meet the demand for various healthy potato products.RESULTSThere were apparent discrepancies among three potatoes with contrast RS2 and RS3 content in thermal properties, viscosity and digestibility. ZS‐5 had the highest RS2 with 50.17% but the lowest RS3 with 3.31%. Meanwhile, ZS‐5 had the largest starch granule, the highest proportion of B3, viscosity and hardness, and the highest digestibility. DN303 with the highest content of RS3 (5.08%) had the lowest hardness and fracturability. MG56‐42 with both higher RS2 and RS3 content showed the highest resistance to digestion and moderate hardness and fracturability.CONCLUSIONThe present study enriches the potential resources and provides a reliable scientific basis for high RS potatoes breeding. The various features of different potatoes make it possible to screen potatoes according to different demands. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Lonicerae flos polysaccharides improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase pathway and reshaping gut microbiota
Authors: Han Chao , Li Zongshuo , Liu Ruiying , Zhao Zihan , Wang Yu , Zuo Xuli , Zhang Yushi , Geng Zeyu , Huang Houyu , Pan Xiuzhen , Li Weidong 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBACKGROUNDNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer. Lonicerae flos polysaccharides (LPs) have been shown to be effective in treating metabolic diseases; however, the therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of LPs in NAFLD remain unclear.PURPOSEThe objective of this study was to investigate the morphological characterization of Lonicerae flos polysaccharides (LPs) and the mechanism of LPs in relieving NAFLD.METHODSThe morphology of LPs was observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermal weight (TG), and thermal weight derivative (DTG); NAFLD mice were treated with LPs at the same time as they were induced with a Western diet, and then the indexes related to glycolipid metabolism, fibrosis, inflammation, and autophagy in the serum and liver of the mice were detected.RESULTSThe atomic force microscope analysis results indicated that the LPs displayed sugar‐chain aggregates, exhibited an amorphous structure, and were relatively stable in thermal cracking at 150 °C. It was also found that LPs exerted therapeutic effects in NAFLD. The LPs prevented high‐fat and ‐cholesterol diet‐induced NAFLD progression by regulating glucose metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, lipid accumulation, inflammation, fibrosis, and autophagy. Adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor compound C abrogated LP‐induced hepatoprotection in mice with NAFLD. The LPs further treated NAFLD by reshaping the structure of the gut microbiota, in which Desulfovibrio bacteria plays a key roles.CONCLUSIONLonicerae flos polysaccharides exert protective effects against NAFLD in mice by improving the structure of the intestinal flora and activating the AMPK signaling pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cascading, interactive, and indirect effects of climate change on aquatic communities, habitats, and ecosystems
Authors: Menden‐Deuer Susanne , Mullarney Julia C. , Boersma Maarten , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Sponseller Ryan , Woodin Sarah Ann 
Published: July 2023

AbstractClimate‐change is rapidly and intensively altering aquatic communities and habitats. While previous work has focused on direct effects of potential drivers, indirect and interactive effects on organisms and ecosystems have received less attention. Here, we give an overview of contributions to a special issue in Limnology and Oceanography that addresses this knowledge gap. Contributions covered diverse habitats, from polar to tropical regions, alpine streams to coral reefs. Several studies relied on time‐series to identify indirect effects, thus emphasizing our need to maintain high‐quality time‐series data. Time‐series are particularly crucial now that the pace of climate‐change on aquatic‐ecosystems is accelerating. Another common theme is the role of species‐specific characteristics in physiology, behavior or genetics in aquatic ecosystem function. The addition of inter‐ and intra‐specific variability to investigations of climate‐change may be challenging particularly since ecosystem studies typically involve a large parameter space of environmental and biological variables across spatial and temporal scales. However, the results demonstrate that inclusion of species‐specific dynamics, although challenging, can deliver mechanistic insights into aquatic ecosystem patterns and processes. Some contributions leverage habitat changes from disturbances or climate shifts to document capacity for resilience or recovery of pelagic and benthic communities. Jointly, the results in this special issue document fruitful approaches and provide urgent information needed for deciphering aquatic ecosystem responses to climate forcings. This information is foundational if we wish to tackle the combined effects of climate change and other human impacts with maximum efficacy and minimize unintended consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Application of Nondegradable Synthetic Materials for Tendon and Ligament Injury
Authors: Yu Chengxuan , Feng Sijia , Li Yunxia , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTendon and ligament injuries, prevalent requiring surgical intervention, significantly impact joint stability and function. Owing to excellent mechanical properties and biochemical stability, Nondegradable synthetic materials, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), have demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. These above materials offer substantial mechanical support, joint mobility, and tissue healing promotion of the shoulder, knee, and ankle joint. This review conclude the latest development and application of nondegradable materials such as artificial patches and ligaments in tendon and ligament injuries including rotator cuff tears (RCTs), anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and Achilles tendon ruptures.
Preparation of corrosion‐resistant composite coating on AZ91D magnesium alloy through hydrothermal method
Authors: Chen Shengli , Zhu Jiyuan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThe high corrosion susceptibility of magnesium alloy has become a practical problem which restricts its wide application in many fields. To improve its surface properties, a composite coating has been successfully prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy using a one‐step hydrothermal method. The coating surface possesses a dense structure in the form of scales and has an adhesion strength of 3B. The effect of different preparation conditions on the coating thickness and corrosion resistance is discussed. The coating heated at 180°C for 2 h showed the best corrosion resistance in a 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution, with a reduction in corrosion current density of 5 orders of magnitude compared to the bare sample. This solution significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the magnesium alloy and helped to further realize the application of magnesium alloys in corrosive environments.
Corrosion inhibition mechanism of aromatic amino acids for steel in alkaline pore solution simulating carbonated concrete environment
Authors: Purnima  , Goyal Shweta , Luxami Vijay 
Published: July 2023

AbstractCorrosion inhibition mechanism of two aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine (Phe) and tryptophan (Trp), was explored for steel in an alkaline pore solution simulating a carbonated concrete environment. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization test results revealed that both compounds can be used effectively as corrosion inhibitors for carbonated concrete environments with high inhibition efficiency. The dissolution of steel got controlled as Phe and Trp acted as anodic‐type inhibitors. Phe and Trp adsorbed on the steel surface by physiochemisorption process following the Langmuir isotherm. The inhibitive solution analysis through UV–visible technique confirmed the formation of inhibitor–Fe complexes. The surface of steel was analyzed after submergence in corrosive solutions with and without inhibitors by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, which highlights the formation of a compact, barrier layer comprised of metal–inhibitor complex. Subsequently, with the help of the aforementioned techniques, an inhibition mechanism for Phe and Trp was conjectured, which revealed that the presence of additional heterocycle in amino acids can raise the chances of chelation and formation of a more adherent and thermodynamically stable layer. Phe bound with Fe ions through the carboxylate functional group only, while Trp chelated the Fe ions via a nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring and carboxylate functional group.
Matrix stiffness‐induced α‐tubulin acetylation is required for skin fibrosis formation through activation of Yes‐associated protein
Authors: Wen Dongsheng , Gao Ya , Liu Yangdan , Ho Chiakang , Sun Jiaming , Huang Lu , Liu Yuxin , Li Qingfeng , Zhang Yifan 
Published: July 2023

AbstractSkin fibrosis, a pathological process featured by fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, makes a significant contribution to morbidity. Studies have identified biomechanics as the central element in the complex network of fibrogenesis that drives the profibrotic feedback loop. In this study, we found that the acetylation of α‐tubulin at lysine 40 (K40) was augmented in fibrotic skin tissues. Further analysis showed that α‐tubulin acetylation is required for fibroblast activation, including contraction, migration, and ECM deposition. More importantly, we revealed that biomechanics‐induced upregulation of K40 acetylation promotes fibrosis by mediating mechanosensitive Yes‐associated protein S127 dephosphorylation and its cytoplasm nucleus shuttle. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the knockdown of α‐tubulin acetyltransferase 1 could rescue the K40 acetylation upregulation caused by increased matrix rigidity and ameliorate skin fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. Herein, we highlight the critical role of α‐tubulin acetylation in matrix stiffness‐induced skin fibrosis and clarify a possible molecular mechanism. Our research suggests α‐tubulin acetylation as a potential target for drug design and therapeutic intervention.
The intra‐cavity QEPAS sensor using fiber‐ring laser for C2H2 and CO2 detection
Authors: Zhang Hengbiao , Yu Yuanfang , Bi Shaoqiang , Zhang Qinduan , Tian Cunwei , Wang Zongliang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAn intra‐cavity quartz‐enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor using fiber‐ring laser is demonstrated. The sensor includes an erbium‐doped fiber (EDF) intra‐cavity laser and a quartz tuning fork (QTF), and realizes wavelength scanning through a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). The acousto‐optic modulator (AOM) is used to modulate laser intensity at a frequency of 32.758 kHz. We use optical switches to detect acetylene (C2H2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at 1530.37 and 1572.66 nm, respectively, based on the time division multiplexing (TDM) technology. The two‐component gas sensor showed good linearity of 0.9996 and 0.9966, and could achieve a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 180.64 ppbv and 145.45 ppmv for C2H2 and CO2 detection, respectively.