bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fall From Height Accidents in the Construction Industry in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mahmoud Abubakar Sadiq , Sanni-Anibire Muizz , Alsafwani Ahmed 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Falls from height (FFH) are considered the most dangerous accident in the global construction industry, especially in emerging economies like Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the causative factors responsible for FFH accidents in the construction industry in Saudi Arabia. The approach used by the study entailed a review of the extant literature to identify the main causes of FFH accidents. The identified causes were used to develop a questionnaire survey, which was administered to construction professionals in Saudi Arabia. Useable feedback from ninety-one responses was obtained and consequently analysed using the Relative Agreement Index (RAI). The results revealed that the top three causes include “lack of training”, “no safety inspection”, and “no safety meeting and seminar between stakeholders”. The causes were also categorized into three groups including “unsafe acts”, “unsafe conditions”, “communication barriers”, and “management commitment”, where “unsafe acts” was the most influential category. The significance of this study is its potential to help control the occurrence of FFH in the construction industry through the adoption of relevant controls, safety training, and risk-based decision-making in the planning and execution of construction works.
Impact of Variable Technological and Quality Factors on the Efficiency of Filtration Processes Using Dynasand Filters and Lamella Separator
Authors: Wiewiórska Iwona 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
The paper presents the influence of the quality of water subjected to treatment on the filtration process, using self-cleaning DynaSand filters with contact coagulation. Technological factors directly influencing the filtration process and filtrate quality were identified, e.g. variable flows, retention time on filter bed and filtration speed. In addition, the purification process of rinse water in the Lamella separator and its impact on the filtration process were investigated. The Lamella separator combined with the flocculation tank, in which the coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation processes are carried out, is an excellent solution to the problem involving the formation of large amounts of rinse water after washing the sand bed of DynaSand filters. The rinse water of fast filters is cleaned on the Lamella separator and returned to the beginning of the filtration system, before DynaSand filters. This solution allows to minimize water losses in the discussed WTP.
Dampak Microtransaction pada Kepuasan Pemain di PUBG Mobile
Authors: Saputra Pramana 
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana pemain PUBG Mobile di Indonesia mempersepsikan dan terlibat dalam mikrotransaksi, serta bagaimana transaksi tersebut memengaruhi pengalaman dan kepuasan mereka dalam bermain game. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah wawancara yang diperuntukkan untuk pemain PUBG Mobile di Indonesia. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik kualitatif untuk menginterpretasikan nilai pengalaman maupun kepuasan dari para pemain. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam mengenai pola perilaku pemain dalam melakukan mikrotransaksi, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pengalaman dan kepuasan bermain game di PUBG Mobile.
Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes universitários trabalhadores e não trabalhadores
Authors: Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gonçalves-Câmara Sheila 
Published: July 2023

Burnout Syndrome has been considered a social problem of increasing importance among researchers and the practical community due to its negative impact on the well-being and performance of students. Working during the university course can be a risk factor for developing the syndrome, due to the overload of activities and roles. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify similarities and differences in the prediction of sociodemographic and academic variables and academic stressors for the Burnout Syndrome in a non-probabilistic sample of 417 working students and 596 non-working students. As instruments, the Burnout Syndrome Assessment Scale in University Students, a sociodemographic and academic questionnaire, and a questionnaire of academic stressors were used. The groups presented similar predictors such as perceiving the relationship with professors as a stressor, reconciling study and leisure, carrying out extracurricular work, and relationships with the institution, and differed in the variables gender, age, type of university, current semester, and stressors such as many subjects to attend, taking tests and assignments, and relationships with colleagues. Thus, the groups differ in terms of sociodemographic and academic variables and academic stressors, and similarities occur with academic stressors. In this sense, the results obtained suggest the need for differentiated interventions for both groups.
Histopathological Outcome of Colonoscopic Biopsies in a Tertiary Hospital in Southwestern Nigeria: A 7-Year Retrospective Study
Authors: Oguntoye Oluwatosin Oluwagbenga , Oguntoye Oluwafunmilayo Adenike , Adeniyi Olawale Morenikeji , Jegede Oluwatosin Samson 
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim:
Colonoscopy with histopathological analysis of mucosal biopsy samples remains the gold standard procedure for diagnosing lower gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to determine the pattern of histopathological findings of mucosal biopsies obtained at colonoscopy over a 7-year period and to correlate the histological findings with the clinical profile of the patients.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study conducted in a healthcare facility in southwestern Nigeria. The Histology reports from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022, were retrieved from the histopathology department of the institution to obtain the following information for analysis: age, gender, year of the test, presenting complaint, provisional clinical diagnosis, colonoscopy diagnosis, and histological diagnosis.

Results:
The data of a total number of 81 patients were analyzed; 51 males (63.0%) and 30 females (37.0%) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.7–1. The age range of the patients was 30–86 years with a mean (±standard deviations) age of 59.87 ± 14.44. The most common indication for colonoscopy was hematochezia (23 (28.4%)) followed by change in bowel habit (16 [19.8%]), constipation (11 [13.6%]), and tenesmus (10 [12.3%]). Large bowel masses suggestive of cancers were the most common colonoscopy finding in the study subjects (36 [44.4%]). Colorectal cancer was the most common histologic abnormality in the study subjects (26 [32.1%]) followed by chronic nonspecific colitis (8 [9.9%]), polyps (7 [8.6%]), adenomas (5 [6.2%]) and acute on chronic colitis (5 [6.2%]). Twenty-two (27.2%) patients had normal histologic findings. Patients aged between 45 and 64 years had the highest prevalence of colorectal cancer (13 [50.0%]).

Conclusion:
Colorectal cancer was the most common histopathological finding in this study and the patients were mostly within the middle-age group. Early screening colonoscopy is therefore recommended and histopathological analysis of the mucosal specimens obtained is essential for early detection of premalignant lesions.
Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Young: An Institutional Registry Analysis
Authors: Menon Girish , Macharla Aparna , Srinivasan Siddharth , Santosh Sonin , Pai Ashwin , Nair Rajesh , Hegde Ajay 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Background:
Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) accounts for about 10–15% of all strokes. Generally, it is a disease of the elderly; worldwide, the incidence of SICH in the young is showing an increasing trend, especially in India and the Asian continent. An attempt is also made to analyze the presence of factors, which may predict the risk of SICH among young hypertensives.

Methods:
A six-year retrospective review of patients aged below 50 years who presented with SICH was included in the study. Patients with bleeds secondary to an identifiable cause such as tumor, trauma, vascular malformations, and coagulopathy-induced bleeds were excluded from the study. The outcome was measured at 90 days using the modified ranking scale, and predictors of outcome (good outcome modified ranking score (mRS): 0–3; poor outcome mRS: 4–6) were analyzed.

Results:
SICH in the young accounted for 28.4% of all intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients admitted during the study period (344/1210). The mean age of our male-dominant (78.5%) cohort was 42.9 ± 6.24 years, and the median Glasgow coma score (GCS) on presentation was 11 (IQR: 8–14). A prior history of hypertension (HTN) was obtained in 51.2% (176), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was documented in 237 (68.9%) patients. The basal ganglia was the most common location of the bleed (62.2%). At 90 days, 200 patients (58.1%) had good outcome and 144 (41.9%) had poor outcome with an overall mortality of 75 (21.8%). Independent predictors of poor outcome were poor GCS, larger volume, and high serum creatinine values.

Conclusion:
The incidence of SICH among the young accounts for nearly 30% of admitted ICH. Poor outcome and mortality are high with HTN being the single most important modifiable risk factor in the cohort.
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Authors: Virtasalo Joonas J. , Österholm Peter , Asmala Eero 
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Flocculation of riverine dissolved organic matter to the particulate form in estuaries is an important mechanism for capturing dissolved metals to
newly formed organic particles, regulating the metal transport from land to sea. The process is particularly relevant for rivers draining boreal
acid sulfate soils of western Finland, which are known to deliver large amounts of trace metals with detrimental environmental consequences for the
recipient estuaries in the eastern Gulf of Bothnia in the northern Baltic Sea. This is the first study to investigate dissolved metal (Al,
Fe, Mn, Co, and Cu) association with flocculating organic particles in the laboratory, by mixing of acidic metal-rich
water from acid-sulfate-soil-impacted rivers and particle-free artificial seawater. Water samples were collected in April 2021 from the Laihianjoki
and Sulvanjoki rivers in western Finland. Experiments with an in situ laser-diffraction-based particle size distribution sensor and a
multiparameter water quality sonde were run to continuously monitor the development of a suspended particle pool over the salinity gradient from 0
to 6, corresponding to the salinity range observed in these estuarine systems. Flocculator experiments with discrete salinity treatments were carried
out to investigate metal behaviour with the collection of flocculated material on glass fibre filters. Filtrate was analysed for coloured dissolved-organic-matter absorbance and fluorescence for the characterization of potential changes in the organic matter pool during the flocculation
process. Retentate on the filter was subjected to persulfate digestion of organic particles and metal oxyhydroxides (pH < 2.3), and the
digestion supernatants were analysed for metal concentrations. The laboratory experiments showed strong transfer of Al and Fe already
at a salinity of 0–2 to newly formed organically dominated flocs that were generally larger than 80 µm. Very strong coupling between the
decrease in humic fluorescence and the increase in organically bound Al demonstrated that Al transfer to the flocs was stronger than
that of Fe. The flocs in the suspended particle pool were complemented by a smaller population of Al- and Fe-oxyhydroxide-dominated flocculi (median size of 11 µm) after pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Cobalt and Mn transfer to the particle pool was
weak, although some transfer to Mn oxyhydroxides as well as Co association with the flocs took place. Up to 50 % of Cu was
found to be bound to humic substances in the flocs in the river waters, and this proportion did not significantly change during mixing with
seawater. The findings of this study demonstrate that salinity and pH are important independent but connected controls of the flocculation behaviour
of dissolved metals from boreal acid sulfate soils and the seaward transport and environmental consequences of the metals in the marine
environment.
The Principle of Energy Solidarity in European Union Law
Authors: Borges Taveira Luís Felipe , Campos de Carvalho Daniel 
Published: July 2023

The Principle of Energy Solidarity in European Union Law: Nord Stream 2 as a Common Thread
Changes in the European natural gas market that were planned to enable the installation of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline are wrapped in a regulatory dome. Gazprom, a Russian state-owned company, is concerned with demonstrating that the project is compatible with European integration. The legal debate expands when it becomes clear that political, regulatory and legal institutions, such as the Court of Justice of the European Union, use the principle of energy solidarity to justify European action in this market and its application at the national level. The general hypothesis to be answered is: does the principle of energy solidarity satisfy the European pretensions about the gas pipeline? Through a documental and bibliographical research, the supranational norms and jurisprudence on the gas market will be adopted as a starting point; later on, an analysis of the judicial decisions on the extension of the competence of the European norms and a theoretical assessment of the principle of energy solidarity will be conducted.
Colonial Legacy of Pakistan and Genesis of a New Constitution
Authors: Akhtar Zia 
Published: July 2023

Colonial Legacy of Pakistan and Genesis of a New Constitution: Legitimacy of Power, Land Ownership and the Enlightenment
The state of Pakistan came into being in 1947 after inheriting the laws of the British colonial rule based on a framework that has allowed the land-owning stakeholders to compete for influence and power. The constitution of the country has been reconfigured to suit its rulers, including the military in power and the largest constituency is the land-owning class which maintains its presence in all the elected assemblies that have formed the legislature in Pakistan. The ideological underpinning and the electoral system have been inherited from the British rulers and with it the zamindari system also which provides the landed gentry its power base. The issue is to what extent is the feudal system tilted towards maintaining the status quo that gives those in the land-owning class their privileged status. The power of the nobility known locally as the jagirdars command a mystical allegiance drawn from their privileges of birthright. This article defines the colonial legacy that has permeated the constitutional framework through laws instituted by British rule which persists in the corridors of the legal and political hierarchy. The argument presented is that Pakistan has to sever its colonial inheritance and emerge as a redefined state by adopting the intellectual preamble of the French Enlightenment that will bring about a revised system that can also be sustained in the light of dispensation based on a social contract.
The Quality and Constitutionality of Enabling Provisions in Legislation in St. Kitts and Nevis
Authors: Saurie Slack Michelle Jan 
Published: July 2023

The Quality and Constitutionality of Enabling Provisions in Legislation in St. Kitts and Nevis
Notwithstanding historical arguments surrounding the constitutionality of the delegation of legislative power, the practice is now an accepted feature of the legislative process in St. Kitts and Nevis to the extent that it is more likely than not that laws are passed which include provisions enabling ministers or other senior public officials to make subsidiary legislation. The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court has considered the question of the constitutionality of the delegation of legislative power and has ruled that the practice is ‘not unconstitutional per se’. The critical question is, what makes it constitutional or not and what is necessary to ensure that the making of subsidiary legislation is within the bounds of the Constitution. Stated otherwise, what is necessary to ensure an effective enabling clause?This article highlights how it is necessary to include measures within enabling clauses that circumscribe the exercise of delegated legislative power and require parliamentary oversight of the making of subsidiary legislation. By so doing, the quality of enabling clauses in St. Kitts and Nevis legislation can be greatly improved.
Studies of beta-cardiotoxin from king cobra venom on rat cardiac functions: Effect on isolated single cardiomyocyte
Authors:   , Lertwanakarn Tuchakorn 
Published: July 2023

Beta-cardiotoxin (ß-CTX), a novel protein isolated from the King cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) venom has previously been proposed as a beta-blocker candidate. However, cellular mechanisms of ß-CTX on cardiomyocyte is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ß-CTX on isolated rat cardiomyocyte function and the cardiac myofibrillar activity, and to explore involvement of ß-adrenergic receptor (ß-AR) signaling pathway. ß-CTX was isolated and purified using two-step chromatographic method and confirmed by N-terminal sequencer. The function of ß-CTX on cardiomyocyte was compared to propranolol in 3 conditions, basal state, with isoproterenol (ISO), and with forskolin (FSK). ß-CTX exhibited more potency than propranolol to suppress the myocyte contraction without altering calcium transient. However, ß-CTX prolonged the calcium decaying resulted in negative lusitropy. Although cardiac functions were blunted by ß-CTX in the presence of either ISO or FSK, the phosphorylation of the downstream ß-AR signaling sites were not affected. The compound was further tested on the cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity and the kinetics. ß-CTX suppressed the maximal ATPase activity without changing Ca2+-sensitivity of the myofibril. In conclusion, the mechanism of ß-CTX on cardiomyocyte was not mediated through classical ß-AR pathway but directly suppress the actomyosin ATPase activity, depress the myofilament kinetics, and hence, reduce the cardiomyocyte functions.
Correlation Between Acupuncture Point LI-18 and PC-1 Sensitivity and Front Hoof Surface Temperature in Horses Using Infrared Thermography
Authors: Dai Shu , Shiau Deng-Shan , Zilberschtein Jose 
Published: July 2023

The objective of this study was to determine whether acupuncture point sensitivity to palpation at LI-18 and PC-1 acupoints in horses was correlated with a difference in surface temperature between front hooves measured by highresolution infrared camera. Client-owned horses (n=41) presenting for traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) exams for a variety of medical issues were recruited for convenience sampling. After 20 minutes of stall rest, bilateral front hoof thermography was performed in a designated stall. This was followed by bilateral acupoint scan (APS), where the outcome was considered positive (APS+) when an acupoint palpation, performed with an acupuncture needle guide tube (28 gauge, 2 inch), elicited a flinch response, or negative (APS-) when the palpation equaled no reaction. Based on the APS results, horses were grouped into 1) bilateral APS- outcome (bi-APS-) or 2) unilateral APS+ outcome (uni-APS+). Within each of the 2 groups mean temperature difference between front hoof surfaces was compared. The results showed that the bi-APS- group thermographic readings were not significantly different (p=0.551) between front hooves; however, the hoof temperatures were significantly different from each other in the uni-APS+ group (p=0.039). Study findings suggest that a horse’s APS sensitivity at LI-18 and/or PC-1 are correlated with thermographic imaging temperature of the front hooves. Further investigation and confirmation of these findings is needed along with further studies associating this temperature difference with hoof disorders for diagnostic investigations.
ESTIMATION OF EXTREME WAVE CONDITIONS IN THE SOUTHERN NHA TRANG BAY AREA
Authors: Mau Le Dinh 
Published: July 2023

This paper presents the distribution features of calculated maximum significant wave height in the Southern Nha Trang bay area corresponding to maximum wind speed of 50 years return periods. Wind data from 1976 to 2006 were taken from Nha Trang Meteorological Station. Weibull distrihution function was used to estimate maximum wind speed for different return periods. Dolphin and SWAN models were used to estimate wave characteristics in the offshore and nearshore regions, respectively. The studied results show that maximum wind speeds for 50 years return period were 27, 22, 15 and 17 m/s in NE, E, SE and S directions, respectively. The areas of Southern Tre Island including Nha Trang Port, Mieu, Mot, Tam and Mun islands were strongest affected by wave action from E and S directions with significant wave height of 2 - 4 m, and lesser affected by wave action from NE and SE directions with significant wave height of 2 m. The area between Mun Island to Noi and Ngoai Islands, and the coastline from Dong Ba to Cam Ranh Headlands were strongest affected by wave action from E and NE directions with significant wave height of 4 - 7 m, and lesser affected by wave action from SE and S directions with significant wave height of 2 - 3 m. Maximum wind field blown from SW direction (V = 19 m/s) was generated a relatively strong wave field in the studv area, especialy in the area around Mun and Mot Islands with significant wave height range from 1.5 to 2.0 m. In general, for maximum wind speed of 50 years return period the southern area of Nha Trang bay was strongest affected by wave action from E and NE directions.
Experiences of professional nurses regarding shortage of resources at a tertiary hospital in Gauteng Province, South Africa: qualitative study
Authors: Jiyane Makoasha Philistus , Khunou Sisinyana Hannah 
Published: July 2023

Background: Shortage of resources in hospitals is a global problem with South Africa not being excluded. These leads to a situation where most health care workers especially professional nurses (PNs) leave the health institutions to private hospitals or abroad for better opportunities. The study explored and described professional nurses’ experiences regarding shortage of resources at a tertiary hospital in Gauteng Province.
Methods: Qualitative, explorative, descriptive design was used on a sample of 16 professional nurses (PNs), who have worked for two or more years in selected units. Unstructured individual conversations with a grand tour question were used. Tesch’s method was employed to analyze data.
Results: The study revealed both negative and positive experiences regarding the deficiency of resources. PNs experienced the following: The study revealed four themes: 1) Experiences pertaining to lack of material resources; 2)Negative impact of a shortage of resources on patients; 3) Experiences on inadequate number of nurses and support staff; 4) Dealing with a shortage of resources
Conclusions: Appropriate measures should be put in place to ensure that resources are adequate at this tertiary hospital. Medical machinery should be audited monthly and a daily checklist used to document available stock. Appropriate recruitment and retention policies must be implemented by the Human Resource Department to ensure that vacant posts are filled timeously and reduce high staff turnover. Perceptions of patients could be explored related to the unavailability of medicine in healthcare facilities