bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haploid Parthenogenetic Embryos Exhibit Unique Stress Response to pH, Osmotic and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Crasta Daphne Norma , Nair Ramya , Kumari Sandhya , Dutta Rahul , Adiga Satish Kumar , Zhao Yulian , Kannan Nagarajan , Kalthur Guruprasad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractPreimplantation-stage embryos are susceptible to various types of stress when cultured in vitro. Parthenogenetic embryos that lack spermatozoa contribution exhibit aberrant developmental dynamics due to their uniparental origin. Herein, we assessed whether the absence of paternal genome affects the susceptibility of the embryos to pH, osmotic and oxidative stress. Haploid parthenogenetic embryos (HPE) (activated oocytes with 1 pronucleus and 2 polar bodies) were generated by incubating cumulus oocyte complexes of Swiss albino mice with 10 mM strontium chloride for 3 h. Normally fertilized embryos (NFE) (fertilized oocytes with 2 pronuclei and 2 polar bodies) were derived using in vitro fertilization. At 2-cell stage, both HPE and NFE were exposed to various stressors including pH (6.8 to 8.2), osmotic (isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic), and peroxidatic oxidative (H2O2, 25 µM) stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the rate of blastocyst development were assessed. HPE were susceptible to alteration in the pH that was well tolerated by NFE. Similarly, HPE displayed remarkable difference in sensitivity to hypertonic stress and oxidative stress compared to NFE. The results clearly indicate that the oocytes that develop into embryos in the absence of paternal contribution are more vulnerable to environmental stressors, further highlighting the importance of spermatozoa contribution and/or the ploidy status in mitigating these stressors and towards healthy early embryo development.

Graphical Abstract
Fermentation and recovery of cellobiose lipids using foam fractionation
Authors: Oraby Amira , Hug Daniel , Weickardt Isabell , Maerz Lea , Nebel Sabrina , Kurmann Jasper , Rupp Steffen , Tovar Günter E. M. , Zibek Susanne 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCellobiose lipids (CL) are glycolipids secreted by many Ustilaginaceae species in aerobic fermentations characterised by excessive foaming. While increasing CL concentrations remains an aim for its industrial production, excessive foaming during fermentation presents a challenge even at laboratory scale. Foam fractionation (FF) provides a solution to the foaming problem and facilitates the proceeding purification of CL. Here, we present a first CL fermentation process applying FF. With our set-up, we manage to exploit the excessive foaming for continuous product separation. The set-up includes a foam collecting vessel (FCV) with inserts for CL accumulation and foamate recirculation to minimise biomass and nutrient loss. Integrating a foam column (FC) into the fermenter headspace enabled foam enrichment, resulting in the recovery of > 90% of the produced CL from the separated fractions consisting of foam depositions in the fermenter headspace and the FCV. We also increased the fermenter filling volume and thus achieved a higher fermentation capacity. The separated CL fraction was purified via ethanol extraction to obtain CL with purities > 90%. We further examined the effects of different culture media constituents, including biomass and CL, on foam generation and decay and assessed the effect of FC geometries on product enrichment and recovery. In this work, a FF set-up is presented that enables a stable CL fermentation without additional foam mitigation methods. At the same time, the application of FF separated a fraction that was highly enriched in CL during fermentation, resulting in highly pure CL after a simple ethanol extraction.
China's New Global Health Governance
Authors: Zhou Jingyuan , Wang Yilin , Nwoko Ngozi S , Qadir Saeed 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article analyses China's global health governance (GHG) practices and GHG legal infrastructure in the wake of COVID-19. It posits that China has pursued a mix of bilateral and multilateral strategies during the pandemic to promote global cooperation and domestic regulation to shape an effective GHG response. It demarcates China's proactive role in norm-setting to respond to the global health crisis. It first considers China's responses to COVID-19 and its interaction model with multilateral institutions including WHO and GAVI. It then examines China's bilateral health strategies, taking its interactions with African countries as an example, before analysing and comparing existing norms and practices on the ‘right to regulate’ under the rules of the World Trade Organisation and treaties that China participates in that call for more regulatory recognition. The article then proceeds to examine China's new initiatives in shaping GHG strategy during COVID-19. Finally, it concludes and calls for a coordinated multilateral approach to handle global health crises.
Digital Surveillance Trends and Chinese Influence in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Germanò Marco André , Liu Ava , Skebba Jacob , Jili Bulelani 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCountries across the world expanded digital surveillance strategies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic occurred contemporaneously with a global trend toward greater digital repression, commentators advanced the notion that China would use the health crisis to promote a technology-enabled form of authoritarian governance abroad. This article surveys the evidence for these claims by first examining the literature on the increase of digital surveillance associated with China and then presenting three case studies from developing countries with varying responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The selected countries – Brazil, South Africa and Vietnam – used surveillance technology as part of their pandemic response and have either been influenced by Chinese approaches or adopted Chinese technology in recent years. Examining these case studies allows us to better understand claims regarding China's role in the general spread of digital surveillance and the interplay between Chinese state objectives and local political environments. Crucially, we illustrate how China's engagement in digital governance abroad is heavily contingent on domestic environments. Against a backdrop of China's growing influence in global digital governance, the effects observed in these case studies of Chinese surveillance models and technology proliferating through pandemic management are diffuse and contextualised by local factors.
Analyzing spillovers from food, energy and water conservation behaviors using insights from systems perspective
Authors: Kumar Pranay , Caggiano Holly , Cuite Cara , Felder Frank A. , Shwom Rachael 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSpillover effects are considered important in evaluating the impacts of food, energy and water (FEW) conservation behaviors for limiting global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Failure to account for all possible spillovers, or indirect and unintended results of an intervention, not only obscures valuable information pertaining to the dynamic interactions across domains but also results in biased estimates. In this study, we first systematically reviewed articles that investigate the idea that the performance of one pro-environmental behavior influences the conduct of subsequent behaviors(s) from the FEW domains. From our review of 48 studies in the last decade, we note that a big part of the discussion on spillover concerns the nature and direction of causal relationships between individual FEW conservation behaviors. We identify a critical gap in the literature regarding the distinction between spillover effects caused by the interventions as distinct from those caused by the primary behaviors. Next, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of the reviewed empirical studies to find a modest but overall positive spillover effect. Finally, we reviewed the theoretical and methodological plurality in the FEW spillover literature using a systemic thinking lens to summarize what is already known and identify future challenges and research opportunities with significant policy implications.
Virasoro constraints for moduli spaces of sheaves on surfaces
Authors: van Bree Dirk 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWe introduce a conjecture on Virasoro constraints for the moduli space of stable sheaves on a smooth projective surface. These generalise the Virasoro constraints on the Hilbert scheme of a surface found by Moreira and Moreira, Oblomkov, Okounkov and Pandharipande. We verify the conjecture in many nontrivial cases by using a combinatorial description of equivariant sheaves found by Klyachko.
Identification of the energy contributions associated with wall-attached eddies and very-large-scale motions in the near-neutral atmospheric surface layer through wind LiDAR measurements
Authors: Puccioni Matteo , Calaf Marc , Pardyjak Eric R. , Hoch Sebastian , Morrison Travis J. , Perelet Alexei , Iungo Giacomo Valerio 
Published: January 2023

Recent works on wall-bounded flows have corroborated the coexistence of wall-attached eddies, whose statistical features are predicted through Townsend's attached-eddy hypothesis (AEH), and very-large-scale motions (VLSMs). Furthermore, it has been shown that the presence of wall-attached eddies within the logarithmic layer is linked to the appearance of an inverse-power-law region in the streamwise velocity energy spectra, upon significant separation between outer and viscous scales. In this work, a near-neutral atmospheric surface layer is probed with wind light detection and ranging to investigate the contributions to the streamwise velocity energy associated with wall-attached eddies and VLSMs for a very-high-Reynolds-number boundary layer. Energy and linear coherence spectra (LCS) of the streamwise velocity are interrogated to identify the spectral boundaries associated with eddies of different typologies. Inspired by the AEH, an analytical model for the LCS associated with wall-attached eddies is formulated. The experimental results show that the identification of the wall-attached-eddy energy contribution through the analysis of the energy spectra leads to an underestimate of the associated spectral range, maximum height attained and turbulence intensity. This feature is due to the overlap of the energy associated with VLSMs obscuring the inverse-power-law region. The LCS analysis estimates wall-attached eddies with a streamwise/wall-normal ratio of about 14.3 attaining a height of about 30 % of the outer scale of turbulence.
Does healthcare decision-making capacity affect women’s justification of sexual violence? The situation of sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Baatiema Linus , Ameyaw Edward Kwabena , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Yendaw Elijah , Moomin Aliu 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSexual violence against women is commonly justified in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite international commitments to halt it. This study investigated the association between healthcare decision-making capacity and the justification of sexual violence among women in SSA. We used current datasets of 30 sub-Saharan African countries published between January 2010 and December 2018. The sample included 259,885 women who were in sexual unions. We extracted and analysed the data with Stata version 14. Chi-square test and multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse the data. Results for the regression analysis were presented as adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The results showed that women who decided on their healthcare alone had lower odds [AOR=0.93; CI=0.91–0.96] of justifying sexual violence compared to those who were not deciding alone. We also found that women aged 45-49 [AOR=0.85; CI=0.82-0.89], those with higher education [AOR=0.26; CI=0.24-0.29], cohabiting women (AOR=0.82, CI=0.80-0.85], richest women [AOR= 0.58; CI=0.56-0.60], women living in urban areas [AOR=0.74; CI=0.73-0.76], and Christians [AOR=0.52; CI=0.51-0.54] had lower odds of justifying wife beating if a woman refuses to have sex with her partner. On the contrary, women who engaged in agriculture had higher odds of justifying sexual violence than those who were not working [AOR=1.07; CI=1.04-1.09]. Groups that should be prioritised with anti-sexual violence initiatives are the poor, rural residents, and young women. It is also vital to institute policies and interventions focused on educating men about women’s right to make decisions, and why partner violence is unjust and intolerable.
Do maternal obstetric morbidity and its concomitants differ between sedente and migrant groups? The case of the Oraon populations of Eastern India
Authors: Thakur Joyeeta , Goswami Monali , Roy Subho 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe state of pregnancy and child birth is a stretch of intense vulnerability and incurs reproductive cost, which is governed within a specific socio-ecological context. We asked in our research whether the obstetric morbidities at three stages: antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum, and their concomitants differed significantly between sedente and migrant populations. 403 Oraon indigenous women [203 sedente and 200 migrants] living in Eastern India were selected. Data on socio-demographic, reproductive, maternal health care services and obstetric morbidities were collected using semi structured schedules. We applied Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) on the first three variables; PC1 and PC4 were loaded with “socio-demographic and maternal health care services” and PC2 and PC3 loaded with “socio-demographic and reproductive” variables. We applied Poisson regression to examine the determinants of obstetric morbidities. Bivariate analyses showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) sedente-migrant differences in variables related to socio-demographic, reproductive, maternal health care and obstetric morbidities. Poisson regression showed migrants were more likely (p ≤ 0.001) to experience ante and intrapartum morbidities than the sedentes, after controlling the confounders. PC1, PC2 and PC3 could significantly (p ≤ 0.05) predict ante and intrapartum morbidities. For postpartum morbidities, barring the variables related to availing of maternal health care services at the time of child delivery and post delivery, neither migration status nor any of the PCs was a significant predictor. For example, participants who delivered their child in health institutions and had episiotomy and/or caesarean delivery (p ≤ 0.01); and those who availed first PNC within the 24 hours of delivery, stayed under medical supervision after delivery for more than 48 hours and received higher coverage of PNCs were more and less likely respectively (p ≤ 0.05) to have experienced postpartum morbidities. We conclude that the maternal obstetric morbidities and their concomitants differed between sedente and migrant Oraon populations owing to their living in differential socio-ecological contexts.
Fauda and the Israeli occupation of Palestine: Gender, emotions, and visual representations of complicity in international politics
Authors: Jude Sorana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis article examines the visual politics of complicity within war, conflict, and military occupation in International Relations (IR). By arguing that complicity is a social relation through which actors navigate violence while drawing on power and resources that are distributed unevenly, it explores the production, articulation, and reception of complicity within the Israeli television series Fauda, which addresses complicit behaviour under the Israeli occupation of Palestine. By building on Feminist IR's engagement with emotions, gender, and visual representations, this article provides a twofold contribution to the study of complicity in international politics. Firstly, the complicit entanglement between creators, distributors, and viewers of Fauda spotlights the cultural workers’ role in shaping public knowledge of war, violence, and military occupation, particularly by creating and circulating cultural representations that facilitate the complicity of audiences with the violence that they consume through certain emotional logics (empathy, compassion, fear). Secondly, this article examines representations of complicity within Fauda to shed light on complicit actors’ embodied experiences of navigating between different identities while caught in the middle of violence (perpetrator, victim, witness, bystander). To this end, this article develops our understanding of emotions, resistance, and domination in international politics.
Dietary fiber and its role in performance, welfare, and health of pigs
Authors: Grześkowiak Ł. , Saliu E.-M. , Martínez-Vallespín B. , Aschenbach J. R. , Brockmann G. A. , Fulde M. , Hartmann S. , Kuhla B. , Lucius R. , Metges C. C. , Rothkötter H. J. , Vahjen W. , Wessels A. G. , Zentek J. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractDietary fiber (DF) is receiving increasing attention, and its importance in pig nutrition is now acknowledged. Although DF for pigs was frowned upon for a long time because of reductions in energy intake and digestibility of other nutrients, it has become clear that feeding DF to pigs can affect their well-being and health. This review aims to summarize the state of knowledge of studies on DF in pigs, with an emphasis on the underlying mode of action, by considering research using DF in sows as well as suckling and weaned piglets, and fattening pigs. These studies indicate that DF can benefit the digestive tracts and the health of pigs, if certain conditions or restrictions are considered, such as concentration in the feed and fermentability. Besides the chemical composition and the impact on energy and nutrient digestibility, it is also necessary to evaluate the possible physical and physiologic effects on intestinal function and intestinal microbiota, to better understand the relation of DF to animal health and welfare. Future research should be designed to provide a better mechanistic understanding of the physiologic effects of DF in pigs.
Simulated Trapping of Solar Energetic Protons for the 8–10 March 2012 Geomagnetic Storm: Impact on Inner Zone Protons as Measured by Van Allen Probes
Authors: Hudson Mary K. , Engel Miles A. , Kress Brian T. , Li Zhao , Patel Maulik , Selesnick Richard S. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractSolar energetic protons (SEPs) have been shown to contribute significantly to the inner zone trapped proton population for energies <100 MeV and L > 1.3 (Selesnick et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006sw000275). The Relativistic Electron Proton Telescope (REPT) on the Van Allen Probes launched 30 August 2012 observed a double‐peaked (in L) inner zone population throughout the 7‐year lifetime of the mission. It has been proposed that a strong SEP event accompanied by a CME‐shock in early March 2012 provided the SEP source for the higher L trapped proton population, which then diffused radially inward to be observed by REPT at L ∼ 2. Here, we follow trajectories of SEP protons launched isotropically from a sphere at 7 Re in 15 s cadence fields from an Lyon‐Fedder‐Mobarry coupled to Rice Convection Model global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation driven by measured upstream solar wind parameters. The timescale of the interplanetary shock arrival is captured, launching a magnetosonic impulse propagating azimuthally along the dawn and dusk flanks inside the magnetosphere, shown previously to produce SEP trapping. The MHD‐test particle simulation uses Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) proton energy spectra to weight the initial radial profile required for the radial diffusion calculation over the following 2 years. GOES proton measurements also provide a dynamic outer boundary condition for radial diffusion. A direct comparison with REPT measurements 20 months following the trapping event in March 2012 supports this novel combination of short‐term and long‐term evolution of the newly trapped protons.
The Impact of Vertical Wind Shear on the Outcome of Interactions Between Squall Lines and Cities
Authors: Naylor J. , Mulholland J. P. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study examines how organized lines of deep convective storms can be impacted by a large city with a prominent urban heat island and how low‐level environmental vertical wind shear may influence the outcomes of that interaction. Idealized simulations of squall lines are conducted in which a simplified urban area—defined by perturbations to skin temperature and surface roughness length—is placed in the center of an otherwise horizontally homogeneous domain. Simulations are conducted with three different magnitudes of low‐level vertical wind shear representing “weak,” “medium,” and “strong” shear environments. Results show that storms experience noticeable modification—including enhanced downwind precipitation—after interacting with a prominent urban heat island in all three shear configurations. However, the details of the modification are a function of the shear magnitude. In the medium and strong shear simulations, updrafts are enhanced via increased buoyancy after passing over a prominent urban heat island. In contrast, little updraft strengthening is evident in the weak‐shear simulations. Instead, near‐surface winds are enhanced downwind of the urban heat island due to a more prominent descending rear‐inflow jet.
Initial Results of the Relative Humidity Observations by MEDA Instrument Onboard the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover
Authors: Polkko J. , Hieta M. , Harri A.‐M. , Tamppari L. , Martínez G. , Viúdez‐Moreiras D. , Savijärvi H. , Conrad P. , Zorzano Mier M. P. , De La Torre Juarez M. , Hueso R. , Munguira A. , Leino J. , Gómez F. , Jaakonaho I. , Fischer E. , Genzer M. , Apestigue V. , Arruego I. , Banfield D. , Lepinette A. , Paton M. , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Sánchez Lavega A. , Sebastian E. , Toledo D. , Vicente‐Retortillo A. ,   MEDA team
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe Mars 2020 mission rover “Perseverance”, launched on 30 July 2020 by NASA, landed successfully 18 February 2021 at Jezero Crater, Mars (Lon. E 77.4509° Lat. N 18.4446°). The landing took place at Mars solar longitude Ls = 5.2°, close to start of the northern spring. Perseverance's payload includes the relative humidity sensor MEDA HS (Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer Humidity Sensor), which operations, performance, and the first observations from sol 80 to sol 410 (Ls 44°–210°) of Perseverance's operations we describe. The relative humidity measured by MEDA‐HS is reliable from late night hours to few tens of minutes after sunrise when the measured humidity is greater than 2% (referenced to sensor temperature). Data delivered to the Planetary Data System include relative humidity, sensor temperature, uncertainty of relative humidity, and volume mixing ratio (VMR). VMR is calculated using the MEDA‐PS pressure sensor values. According to observations, nighttime absolute humidity follows a seasonal curve in which release of water vapor from the northern cap with advancing northern spring and summer is visible. At ground level, frost conditions may have been reached a few times during this season (Ls 44°–210°). Volume mixing ratio values show a declining diurnal trend from the midnight toward the morning suggesting adsorption of humidity into the ground. Observations are compared with an adsorptive single‐column model, which complies with observations and confirms adsorption. The model allows estimating daytime VMR levels. Short‐term subhour timescales show large temporal fluctuations in humidity, which suggest vertical and spatial advection.