bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fiscalização ou controle da administração pública. O controle financeiro da administração descentralizado
Authors: Barros Júnior Carlos S. de 
Published: August 2023

1. Delimitação do tema. 2. O direito como principio de ordem.3. A fiscalização ou controle administrativo, o controle hierárquico.4. Noção e classificação das formas pelas quais se manifesta ocontrole administrativo. 5. Divisão segundo o fim a que o controlese propõe. 6. Divisão sob o aspecto do momento em que se realiza.7. Divisão sob o aspecto do órgão de que a fiscalização emana. 8.A fiscalização política. 9. Outras modalidades de fiscalização oucontrole. 10. A correição administrativa. 11. A fiscalização financeira,controles interno e externo. 12. O controle financeiro na administraçãodescentralizada. 13. Nas empresas públicas em sentido amplo e fundações oficiais. 14. Dificuldades da matéria; a dispersão da atividade administrativa. 15. Controle a que se sujeitam as entidades referidas no item 12,' o controle financeiro. 16. A matéria na Constituição Federal, o debate e conclusão alcançada. 17. A Lei nº 6.223, de 14.7.1975.18. Os controles a que estão sujeitas as empresas públicas, sociedades de economia mista e fundações oficiais. 19. Entendimento da Lei nº 6.223. 20. O controle financeiro das fundações a que alude o art. 8º dessa lei.
Justiça do Trabalho - Composição dos tribunais - Competência - Recondução de juízes
Authors: Silva Carlos Medeiros 
Published: August 2023

- A restrição da recondução, por mais de dois períodos, expressaquanto aos classistas e temporários que compõem o TribunalSuperior do Trabalho, não se aplica aos Tribunais Regionais da mesmajustiça.- A recondução, a sua conveniência, e oportunidade são prerrogativasdo Presidente da República.- Interpretação da Emenda Constitucional nlJ 7, de abril de 1977 (art. 141, § 1º).
O princípio e os princípios da licitação
Authors: Silva Antonio Marcello da 
Published: August 2023

1. Princípio da licitação: livre escolha e princípio da licitação; conceitode licitação. 2. Princípios da licitação: procedimento formal; publicidade; igualdade entre os licitantes; sigilo na apresentação das propostas; vinculação ao edital; julgamento objetivo; adjudicação compulsória ao vencedor.
Dever de licitar e direitos dos concorrentes
Authors: Mello Celso Antônio Bandeira de 
Published: August 2023

1. A atividade administrativa e o dever de licitar. 2. Empresas governamentais e licitação. 3. Licitação e direitos do licitante. 4. Controleda proposta mais vantajosa. 5. Responsabilidade por contrato indevido.
Acquisitions and Technology Value Revision
Authors: Cai Xiangshang , De Cesari Amedeo , Gao Ning , Peng Ni 
Published: August 2023

Acquisition announcements coincide with upward value revisions for the target firms’ technology peers, which are not due to economic relations based on product market, supply chain, or geographical location. Such a phenomenon is robust across subsample periods, not specific to merger or technology waves, and not related to product-market structure and the unique innovation features of certain technology-intensive industries. Firms experience more dramatic value revisions when they have deeper technology overlaps with their targets, are more dependent on technology, or when a transaction features higher premium or greater technology overlap between the acquirer and target. Our mechanism analysis provides evidence that is primarily consistent with the acquisition-probability hypothesis whereby acquisition announcements elevate expected technology synergies and merger prospects for peers and partially in line with the enhanced-investment hypothesis that peers’ revaluations correlate with increased technology investments. We do not find any evidence in line with the competition-balance hypothesis that attributes peers’ value revisions to the change in industrial competition intensity. Overall, our results demonstrate that acquisition announcements disseminate novel information about the value of technology that is of common interest among firms with close technologies. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4890 .
Managing Weather Risk with a Neural Network-Based Index Insurance
Authors: Chen Zhanhui , Lu Yang , Zhang Jinggong , Zhu Wenjun 
Published: August 2023

Weather risk affects the economy, agricultural production in particular. Index insurance is a promising tool to hedge against weather risk, but current piecewise-linear index insurance contracts face large basis risk and low demand. We propose embedding a neural network-based optimization scheme into an expected utility maximization problem to design the index insurance contract. Neural networks capture a highly nonlinear relationship between the high-dimensional weather variables and production losses. We endogenously solve for the optimal insurance premium and demand. This approach reduces basis risk, lowers insurance premiums, and improves farmers’ utility. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee [Grants GRF 16502020, GRF 16504522, and T31-603/21-N], Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 [Grants RG143/19 and RG55/20], the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grants RGPIN-2021-04144 and DGECR-2021-00330], the Research Database Matching Fund, and the School of Business and Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. Supplemental Material: The data files and online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4902 .
A holistic approach to assessing an individual with urinary incontinence
Authors: Kelly Anne Marie 
Published: August 2023

Urinary incontinence can have an overwhelmingly negative impact on an individual's quality of life. The personal, physical, psychosocial and sexual implications of urinary incontinence can affect health and well-being. This can increase the risk of falls, depression, anxiety, social isolation alongside a greater need for long-term care from a individual's own home. Statically, the prevalence rates of urinary incontinence increases with age; however, incontinence is not an inevitable or acceptable part of ageing—symptoms can be improved and managed effectively for suffers of this common condition. Urinary incontinence can be challenging to assess, address and overcome for individuals. However health professionals need to have the expertise and experience to undertake a comprehensive continence assessment. When assessment is completed evidence-based interventions can be recommended, implemented and subsequently evaluated.
Tunable and switchable multi-wavelength pulsed fiber laser based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror and an improved Sagnac filter
Authors: Pan Honggang , Peng Yaomei , Shi Yanmei , Peng Jianxin , Liu Zhanzhi , Cao Chuanbo , Chen Zhipan , Zhang Bo , Liu Xueting , Du Pu 
Published: August 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a tunable and switchable multi-wavelength erbium-doped fiber ring pulsed laser based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) and an improved Sagnac filter. To achieve multi-wavelength pulsed laser output, we adopt a NOLM as a quasi-saturable absorber and an improved Sagnac loop as a wavelength selected filter. The constructed laser has a maximum output wavelength number of five with a pulse repetition frequency of 40.45 kHz and pulse duration of 108 ns. The laser can output single-wavelength and dual-wavelength pulsed lasers within a certain wavelength tuning range and a five-wavelength pulsed laser with a constant wavelength interval of 3 nm by adjusting the polarization controller. Dual-wavelength, three-wavelength, and four-wavelength pulsed lasers with various wavelength intervals are also obtained. The output performance of the constructed laser is tested with a maximum average output power of 127.45 µW and minimum pulse duration of 52 ns, and the stability of the laser output is also tested with a maximum power fluctuation of 0.62 dB and minimum wavelength drift of 0.51 nm with pump power of 350 mW.
Dual-wavelength collaboratively pumping scheme for a 3.9  µm continuous-wave Ho:YLF laser
Authors: Jing Xiaofan , Zhang Xinlu , Kang Panqiang , Huang Jinjer 
Published: August 2023

A dual-wavelength collaboratively pumping scheme is proposed to realize the efficient operation of a 3.9 µm continuous wave Ho:YLF laser. An 888 nm laser is used to excite ions from the 5I8 ground-state manifold to the 5I5 laser’s upper manifold. Another 2.1 µm laser is used to excite ions from the 5I6 laser’s lower manifold to the short-lived 5I4 manifold to eliminate the self-terminated effect of 3.9 µm laser oscillation. Numerical simulation of 3.9 µm laser output performances is carried out, based on the developed rate equations. Simulation results indicate that the dual-wavelength collaboratively pumping scheme is feasible to realize the highly efficient output of the 3.9 µm continuous wave Ho:YLF laser. The relationship between the pump power for 888 nm and 2.1 µm laser sources is analyzed to obtain the optimal output. Furthermore, the impacts of crystal doping concentration, crystal length, output mirror transmittance, and important energy-transfer processes on the laser output performances are also analyzed. The dual-wavelength collaboratively pumping scheme provides beneficial guidance for the generation of a 3.9 µm high-power continuous-wave laser in an Ho:YLF laser.
Optimizing population accumulation in a designated single Zeeman state using microwave spectroscopy
Authors: Liou Jia-You , Wu Chi-En , Su Hsuan-Jui , Chen Yi-Hsin 
Published: August 2023

We present an all-optical method for the highly efficient preparation of cold atoms in a specific Zeeman state, such as the magnetically insensitive clock state (m
F
= 0) or a particular state suitable for quantum information processing and storage. This technique employs a single microwave spectrum, enabling precise determination of the population distribution, microwave polarization ratio, and microwave Rabi frequency individually. By analyzing the microwave spectrum, we can track the population distribution while systematically varying the power or period of the optical pumping field(s). In steady-state conditions, our simplified model, which incorporates resonant and off-resonant transitions, reveals an upper limit to the population purity. Through the optimization of the intensity and polarization of the optical pumping field, we have achieved exceptional population purities of up to 96(2)% or 98(1)% for the desired quantum state. These remarkable results indicate a significant advancement in state preparation accuracy. Our all-optical method introduces an approach to achieving high-purity atomic states while employing novel microwave spectroscopy to accurately detect all unknown parameters, offering valuable insights and potential applications in precision measurement and quantum computation research.
Optimal State Feedback Controller for Balancing Cube
Authors: Piotrowski Robert , Kowalczyk Adam 
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a nonlinear balancing cube system is considered which concept is based on an inverted pendulum. The main purpose of this work was the modelling and construction of a balancing cube with the synthesis of the control system. The control objectives included swing-up and stabilization of the cube on its vertex at an unstable equilibrium. Execution of the intended purpose required, firstly – deriving a cognitive mathematical model. It was based on the Lagrange method. Next, a mathematical model for control purposes was derived. The project of the physical model of the balancing cube was presented. A stabilization system based on a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) was developed. Moreover, a swing-up mechanism was used to bring the cube close to the upper equilibrium point. The algorithm switching condition was important to enable the correct functioning of the system. The developed control system was verified in the Matlab environment. Finally, verifying experiments and comparison between models (mathematical and physical) were performed.
Notch Signaling Plays a Dual Role in Regulating the Neuron-to-Oligodendrocyte Switch in the Developing Dorsal Forebrain
Authors: Tran Luuli N. , Loew Sarah K. , Franco Santos J. 
Published: August 2023

Neural progenitor cells in the developing dorsal forebrain generate excitatory neurons followed by oligodendrocytes (OLs) and astrocytes. However, the specific mechanisms that regulate the timing of this neuron–glia switch are not fully understood. In this study, we show that the proper balance of Notch signaling in dorsal forebrain progenitors is required to generate oligodendrocytes during late stages of embryonic development. Usingex vivoandin uteroapproaches in mouse embryos of both sexes, we found that Notch inhibition reduced the number of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the dorsal pallium. However, Notch overactivation also prevented oligodendrogenesis and maintained a progenitor state. These results point toward a dual role for Notch signaling in both promoting and inhibiting oligodendrogenesis, which must be fine-tuned to generate oligodendrocyte lineage cells at the right time and in the right numbers. We further identified the canonical Notch downstream factors HES1 and HES5 as negative regulators in this process. CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9-mediated knockdown ofHes1andHes5caused increased expression of the pro-oligodendrocyte factor ASCL1 and led to precocious oligodendrogenesis. Conversely, combining Notch overactivation with ASCL1 overexpression robustly promoted oligodendrogenesis, indicating a separate mechanism of Notch that operates synergistically with ASCL1 to specify an oligodendrocyte fate. We propose a model in which Notch signaling works together with ASCL1 to specify progenitors toward the oligodendrocyte lineage but also maintains a progenitor state through Hes-dependent repression ofAscl1so that oligodendrocytes are not made too early, thus contributing to the precise timing of the neuron–glia switch.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural progenitors make oligodendrocytes after neurogenesis starts to wind down, but the mechanisms that control the timing of this switch are poorly understood. In this study, we identify Notch signaling as a critical pathway that regulates the balance between progenitor maintenance and oligodendrogenesis. Notch signaling is required for the oligodendrocyte fate, but elevated Notch signaling prevents oligodendrogenesis and maintains a progenitor state. We provide evidence that these opposing functions are controlled by different mechanisms. Before the switch, Notch signaling through Hes factors represses oligodendrogenesis. Later, Notch signaling through an unknown mechanism promotes oligodendrogenesis synergistically with the transcription factor ASCL1. Our study underscores the complexity of Notch and reveals its importance in regulating the timing and numbers of oligodendrocyte production.
Contributions of the Sodium Leak Channel NALCN to Pacemaking of Medial Ventral Tegmental Area and Substantia Nigra Dopaminergic Neurons
Authors: Cobb-Lewis Dana E. , Sansalone Lorenzo , Khaliq Zayd M. 
Published: August 2023

We tested the role of the sodium leak channel, NALCN, in pacemaking of dopaminergic neuron (DAN) subpopulations from adult male and female mice. In situ hybridization revealed NALCN RNA in all DANs, with lower abundance in medial ventral tegmental area (VTA) relative to substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Despite lower relative abundance of NALCN, we found that acute pharmacological blockade of NALCN in medial VTA DANs slowed pacemaking by 49.08%. We also examined the electrophysiological properties of projection-defined VTA DAN subpopulations identified by retrograde labeling. Inhibition of NALCN reduced pacemaking in DANs projecting to medial nucleus accumbens (NAc) and others projecting to lateral NAc by 70.74% and 31.98%, respectively, suggesting that NALCN is a primary driver of pacemaking in VTA DANs. In SNc DANs, potentiating NALCN by lowering extracellular calcium concentration speeded pacemaking in wildtype but not NALCN conditional knockout mice, demonstrating functional presence of NALCN. In contrast to VTA DANs, however, pacemaking in SNc DANs was unaffected by inhibition of NALCN. Instead, we found that inhibition of NALCN increased the gain of frequency-current plots at firing frequencies slower than spontaneous firing. Similarly, inhibition of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) conductance increased gain but had little effect on pacemaking. Interestingly, simultaneous inhibition of NALCN and HCN resulted in significant reduction in pacemaker rate. Thus, we found NALCN makes substantial contributions to driving pacemaking in VTA DAN subpopulations. In SNc DANs, NALCN is not critical for pacemaking but inhibition of NALCN makes cells more sensitive to hyperpolarizing stimuli.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPacemaking in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DAN) relies on multiple subthreshold conductances, including a sodium leak. Whether the sodium leak channel, NALCN, contributes to pacemaking in DANs located in the VTA and the SNc has not yet been determined. Using electrophysiology and pharmacology, we show that NALCN plays a prominent role in driving pacemaking in projection-defined VTA DAN subpopulations. By contrast, pacemaking in SNc neurons does not rely on NALCN. Instead, the presence of NALCN regulates the excitability of SNc DANs by reducing the gain of the neuron’s response to inhibitory stimuli. Together, these findings will inform future efforts to obtain DAN subpopulation-specific treatments for use in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Implementing Higher Phototherapy Thresholds for Jaundice in Healthy Infants 35 Plus Weeks
Authors: Cahill Chris , Jegatheesan Priya , Song Dongli , Cortes Maria , Adams Marian , Narasimhan Sudha Rani , Huang Angela , Angell Cathy , Stemmle Monica 
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVES
To determine the impact of higher bilirubin thresholds on testing and treatment of healthy infants during the neonatal period.

METHODS
This quality improvement study included infants born at ≥35 weeks gestation and admitted to the well-baby nursery between July 2018 and December 2020. We assessed the transition from infants treated according to the 2004 AAP guidelines (pregroup) with those following the Northern California Neonatal Consortium guidelines (postgroup). We examined the proportion of infants receiving phototherapy and total serum bilirubin (TSB) assessments as outcome measures. We examined critical hyperbilirubinemia (TSB above 25 mg/dL or TSB within 2 mg/dL of threshold for exchange transfusion), exchange transfusion, and readmission for jaundice as balancing measures. We compared the differences in outcomes over time using Statistical Process Control p charts. Balancing measures between the pre and postgroups were compared using χ square tests and t-tests.

RESULTS
In our population of 6173 babies, there was a significant shift in the proportion receiving phototherapy from 6.4% to 4%. There were no significant changes in incidences of bilirubin &gt;25 mg/dL (0 of 1472 vs 7 of 4709, P = .37), bilirubin within 2 mg/dL of exchange transfusion thresholds (4 of 1472 vs 5 of 4709, P = .15), exchange transfusion (0 of 1472 vs 1 of 4709, P = .70) or readmission for phototherapy (2.9% versus 2.4%, P = .30), between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Higher thresholds for phototherapy treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia can decrease the need for phototherapy without increasing critical hyperbilirubinemia or readmission rate.
Імідж України в умовах війни та міжнародна політична підтримка
Authors: Цурканова Ірина 
Published: August 2023

Метою дослідження є вивчення та аналіз іміджу України після повномасштабного вторгнення росії. Адже, коли держава стикається з військовим конфліктом і потребує допомоги, її імідж на світовій арені стає особливо важливим.
Актуальність дослідження у вивченні цього напрямку охарактеризовано закономірністю залучення міжнародної політичної підтримки під час війни та розбудовою українського суспільства після перемоги України.
З’ясовано, що правильне формування іміджу України може мати велике значення для подовження отримання допомоги, залучення інвестицій та розвитку різних галузей економіки. Країна використовує комунікаційні засоби, дипломатичні канали та інші інструменти для підтримки свого позитивного образу, висвітлення важливості своїх цілей та досягнень, а також для привертання уваги до гуманітарної ситуації, що склалася.
Доведено, що рівень підтримки з боку міжнародних партнерів пов’язаний з іміджем країни та її лідера. Виявлено, що залучення союзників та партнерів у вирішенні конфлікту, підтримка на міжнародних форумах та в організаціях, а також санкції проти агресора сприяють політичному становленню України.
Висновки. Тема іміджу України та міжнародної політичної підтримки в умовах війни є важливою й актуальною у складних умовах. Сьогодні ворог намагається штучно знижувати імідж України через вплив зі свого боку брехливої пропаганди та дезінформації. Однак, вже доведено, що весь цивілізований світ бачить справжню картину, і тому надає допомогу нашій країні, що є дуже важливим фактором. Багато різних країн і міжнародних організацій осуджують агресію росії та підтримують суверенітет і територіальну цілісність України. У своїх зусиллях покращити імідж країни в умовах війни, уряд та президент України широко залучають різні засоби комунікації та інформаційні кампанії.
Концепція рамкових країн НАТО
Authors: Кулик Тетяна 
Published: August 2023

Концепція рамкових країн НАТО є органічним втіленням оборонного принципу багатонаціональної співпраці й багаторічного формування інтегрованої структури НАТО, засвоєння досвіду, постійної адаптації до стратегічного безпекового середовища шляхом трансформації Альянсу. Зміст Концепції полягає в об’єднанні зусиль груп країн-членів на багатонаціональному рівні для спільного формування сил і потенціалу Альянсу під проводом «рамкової» країни.
Метою статті є дослідження сутності та процесу реалізації Концепції рамкових країн НАТО. Визначено зміст, цілі, напрямки, основні сфери реалізації Концепції рамкових країн НАТО.
Висвітлено історичний контекст та паралелі, передумови, причини, що обумовили впровадження та розвиток Концепції як багатогранної ініціативи Альянсу, спрямованої на посилення колективної оборони шляхом багатонаціональної співпраці. Розглянуто етапи формування, структуру, ключові елементи, практичні інструменти і механізми, принципи забезпечення ефективності процесів в рамках Концепції. Проведений аналіз діяльності багатонаціональних груп та ініціатив довготривалого співробітництва під проводом рамкових країн. Зазначені різноспрямованість діяльності та складу, поєднання спільними цілями груп країн КРК, унікальність ролі та відповідальності рамкових країн. Досліджено окремі аспекти втілення Концепції, такі як Передова присутність НАТО, Центри передового досвіду, нова Модель сил. Проведено оцінювання різних варіантів задіяння Концепції для оборони Європи, стримування російської агресії, а також питань регіональної безпеки для забезпечення підходу «на 360 градусів».
Результатом дослідження є висновки щодо подальшого розвитку та реалізації Концепції, а також багатонаціональних ініціатив, що впроваджуються в її рамках та безпосередньо сприяють розвитку сил та засобів, зміцненню потенціалу стримування та оборони й в такий спосіб посилюють спроможність Альянсу виконувати основні завдання в стратегічно конкурентному безпековому середовищі.