bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Note on Latent Traits Estimates under IRT Models with Missingness
Authors: Guo Jinxin , Xu Xin , Xin Tao 
Published: April 2023

AbstractMissingness due to not‐reached items and omitted items has received much attention in the recent psychometric literature. Such missingness, if not handled properly, would lead to biased parameter estimation, as well as inaccurate inference of examinees, and further erode the validity of the test. This paper reviews some commonly used IRT based models allowing missingness, followed by three popular examinee scoring methods, including maximum likelihood estimation, maximum a posteriori, and expected a posteriori. Simulation studies were conducted to compare these examinee scoring methods across these commonly used models in the presence of missingness. Results showed that all the methods could infer examinees' ability accurately when the missingness is ignorable. If the missingness is nonignorable, incorporating those missing responses would improve the precision in estimating abilities for examinees with missingness, especially when the test length is short. In terms of examinee scoring methods, expected a posteriori method performed better for evaluating latent traits under models allowing missingness. An empirical study based on the PISA 2015 Science Test was further performed.
The relationships among metacognitive functions, sleep‐related thought‐control strategies and sleep quality: A mediation analysis
Authors: Socci Valentina , Pino Maria Chiara , Carcione Antonino , D'Aurizio Giulia , Ferrara Michele , Tempesta Daniela 
Published: April 2023

SummaryIn the context of sleep disturbances, increasing evidence suggests a critical role of sleep‐related dysfunctional metacognitive activity, including metacognitive control of intrusive thoughts in the pre‐sleep period. Although the relationship between sleep‐related thought‐control strategies and poor sleep quality is well recognized, the possible contribution of general metacognitive functioning within this relation is still unclear. In this study, we performed a mediation analysis to examine the role of thought‐control strategies on the relationship between metacognitive abilities and sleep quality in individuals with different self‐reported sleep characteristics. Two‐hundred and forty‐five individuals participated in the study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Thought Control Questionnaire Insomnia‐Revised, and the Metacognition Self‐Assessment Scale to evaluate sleep quality, thought‐control strategies and metacognitive functions, respectively. The results showed that worry strategy in the pre‐sleep period mediates the relationship between metacognitive functions and sleep quality. Particularly, the ability to understand one's mental states and mastery functions could be the two metacognitive domains primarily involved in the dysfunctional metacognitive thought‐control activity responsible for reduced sleep quality. The observed effect suggests that inadequate metacognitive functioning is associated with poor sleep quality in healthy subjects via the mediation of dysfunctional worry strategy. These findings suggest the potential relevance of clinical interventions to enhance specific metacognitive abilities, with the aim to promote more functional strategies for managing cognitive and emotional processes during the pre‐sleep period.
A deep natural language processing‐based method for ontology learning of project‐specific properties from building information models
Authors: Yin Mengtian , Tang Llewellyn , Webster Chris , Yi Xiaoyue , Ying Huaquan , Wen Ya 
Published: April 2023

AbstractElement property is a crucial aspect of building information modeling (BIM) for almost all BIM‐based engineering tasks. Since there are limited properties predefined in Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) specifications, a vast number of property concepts were customized and stored in BIM models, which lack labor‐intensive data modeling and alignment for effective information management and reuse. To tackle the challenge, this study presents a natural language understanding (NLU)‐based method for the automatic ontological knowledge modeling of project‐specific property concepts from BIM models. A soft pattern matching model was used to acquire contextual definitions of concepts from a domain corpus before applying deep NLU models to transform the concept names and definitions into dense vector representations. These outputs were then fed into two stacking ensemble learning models to carry out two tasks: (a) classifying whether an unseen concept overlaps with the IFC ontology, and (b) aligning the repetitive concepts with the most relevant concepts in the ontology. Finally, all fresh properties were appended to an IFC ontology, either as new objects or new synonyms. The performance was evaluated based on 327 property concepts from real‐life BIM models. The results show that the proposed approach incorporating reading comprehension of definitions outperforms the existing name similarity‐based methods. Finally, a case study on a renovation project demonstrates the effectiveness of this study in automatic ontology modeling of property concepts.
Knockdown of Anopheles dirus far upstream element‐binding protein gene lower oocyst numbers of Plasmodium vivax
Authors: Kubera Anchanee , Putanyawiwat Piriya , Bantuchai Sirasate , Kumpitak Chalermpon , Duangmanee Apisak , Sattabongkot Jetsumon 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe modulation of gene expression levels of Anopheles dirus on Plasmodium vivax infection at the ookinete and oocyst stages was previously reported. In the present study, several upregulated An. dirus genes were selected based on their high expression levels and subcellular locations to examine their roles in P. vivax infection. Five An. dirus genes—carboxylesterase, cuticular protein RR‐2 family, far upstream element‐binding protein, kraken, and peptidase212—were knocked down by dsRNA feeding using dsRNA‐lacZ as a control. The dsRNA‐fed mosquitoes were later challenged by P. vivax–infected blood, and the oocyst numbers were determined. The expression of these five genes was examined in many organs of both male and female mosquitoes. The results showed that the decreased expression level of the far upstream element‐binding protein gene could lower the oocyst numbers, whereas the others showed no effect on P. vivax infection. The expression levels of these genes in ovaries were found, and in many organs, they were similar between male and female mosquitoes. The reduction of these five gene expressions did not affect the lifespan of the mosquitoes. In addition, the malaria box compound, MMV000634, demonstrated the lowest binding energy to the far upstream element‐binding protein using virtual screening. This protein might be a target to block malaria transmission.
Invited review: Bovine abortion—Incidence, risk factors and causes
Authors: Mee John F. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe true incidence of bovine abortion (42–260 days of gestation) is unknown because of under‐reporting. This is particularly true of the first half of gestation when most abortions occur. From research studies, it is estimated that the animal‐level incidence of abortion between day 45 and term is approximately 10%, being lower in suckler than in dairy cows. While wide variation exists in herd‐level incidence, up to 30%, it is estimated that less than 5% of farmers report high (>5%) observed abortion rates. Given these figures, veterinary practitioners and farmers tend to use investigation thresholds close to these values, ≥5 and ≥3%, respectively. Most of the risk factors for abortion are animal‐level factors (e.g. parity), but there are also herd‐level factors (e.g. enterprise type). Of the many risk factors for bovine abortion, only a small number are modifiable. While the causes of bovine abortion are often classified as noninfectious or infectious, in reality, this means diagnosis not reached (DNR) or infectious. Approximately 40% of abortions are diagnosed as infectious and the remaining 60% as DNR; DNR includes both infectious and noninfectious causes not diagnosed. Increasingly, genetic causes are being diagnosed and changes to current national genetic selection indices may be warranted. Of the infectious causes, Neospora caninum is now the most commonly diagnosed abortifacient internationally, followed by Trueperella pyogenes, BVDv and fungi. Both national eradication programmes and effective vaccination programmes can reduce the burden of some infectious abortifacients, but the control of sporadic, noninfectious and Neospora‐associated abortions remains challenging.
The role of bone marrow microenvironment on CAR‐T efficacy in haematologic malignancies
Authors: Gao Dandan , Hong Fei , He Aili 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn recent years, chimeric antigen receptor‐T (CAR‐T) cell therapy has emerged as a novel immunotherapy method. It has shown significant therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of haematological B cell malignancies. In particular, the CAR‐T therapy targeting CD19 has yielded unprecedented efficacy for acute B‐lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐ALL) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In haematologic malignancies, tumour stem cells are more prone to stay in the regulatory bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (called niches), which provides a protective environment against immune attack. However, how the BM microenvironment affects the anti‐tumour efficacy of CAR‐T cells and its underlying mechanism is worthy of attention. In this review, we discuss the role of the BM microenvironment on the efficacy of CAR‐T in haematological malignancies and propose corresponding strategies to enhance the anti‐tumour activity of CAR‐T therapy.
Design and implementation of two medical escape rooms: An educational case study
Authors: Percival Katie , Snow Sarah , Isles Chris 
Published: April 2023

AbstractBackgroundEscape rooms (ERs) have become increasingly popular as an interactive educational experience, especially in medical education. We present an educational case study covering the design, implementation and evaluation of two medical ERs.ApproachWe created ERs for senior medical students from Glasgow University on rotation at Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary. Students assessed and managed a patient presenting with either stroke or sepsis. The information gained during students' assessment ‘unlocked’ padlocks or generated codes providing further information or equipment. The ERs were evaluated following analysis of video recordings, debriefings and student and faculty feedback.EvaluationEvaluation was focused on students' perceptions of the teaching experience, with changes made to the scenario design following student feedback and faculty reflection. Feedback was positive; students enjoyed the ‘fun’ nature of the learning experience. They felt they gained knowledge covering the subject areas and that the ERs also highlighted the importance of non‐technical skills. We discuss the aspects of ER design and implementation that we learnt during the evaluation process.ImplicationsWe have shown that medical ERs provide an immersive and engaging learning experience for students. We recognise a need for a more objective review of knowledge gained. We hope that by sharing our design and assessment of two medical ERs, we may inform and inspire other educators to consider ERs as an innovative learning experience.
Signs and symptoms of human T‐lymphotropic virus 1 and 2 infections in paediatric patients
Authors: Rojas Cerón Christian Andrés , Galvis Arias Deigober , García‐Perdomo Herney Andrés 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of signs and symptoms of HTLV‐1 and 2 infection in paediatric patients.MethodsWe included cohort, case‐control and descriptive observational studies that reported the prevalence of signs and symptoms of HTLV‐1 and 2 infections in paediatric patients. Searches were performed in MEDLINE® (Ovid), EMBASE and LILACS from inception to the present, and we saturated information with other sources of published and unpublished literature. We decided not to perform meta‐analysis according to heterogeneity.ResultsA total of eight studies met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis. No studies of HTLV‐2 were found. Females predominated and there was vertical transmission in nearly 100% of cases. Infective dermatitis was a common manifestation of HTLV in paediatric patients. In addition, persistent hyperreflexia, clonus and the Babinski sign were early neurological alterations observed in patients carrying the virus.ConclusionHTLV screening is recommended in patients presenting infective dermatitis, persistent hyperreflexia, walking disturbances and in those who come from endemic zones.
Fatal exposure to quaternary ammonium disinfectant in 2 dogs
Authors: Wipond Marley , Prittie Jennifer , Mastrocco Alicia , Donovan Taryn A. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the clinical course and necropsy findings of 2 dogs after exposure to quaternary ammonium disinfectants.Case Series SummaryTwo dogs were treated after accidental exposure to quaternary ammonium disinfectants in kennel settings. Both dogs developed ulcerative upper gastrointestinal lesions, severe pulmonary disease, and skin lesions. In the second case, the skin lesions were severe and became necrotizing. Both patients were ultimately euthanized due to severity of illness and lack of response to therapy.New or Unique Information ProvidedQuaternary ammonium compounds are commonly used as disinfectants in veterinary hospitals and boarding facilities. This is the first report detailing presentation, clinical picture, case management, and necropsy findings in dogs exposed to these chemicals. Awareness of the severity of these poisonings and the potential for fatal outcome is imperative.
Fuzzy Recurrence Plots for Shallow Learning-Based Blockage Detection in a Centrifugal Pump Using Pre-Trained Image Recognition Models
Authors: Ranawat Nagendra Singh , Prakash Jatin , Miglani Ankur , Kankar Pavan Kumar 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Rags, dusts, foreign particles, etc., are the primary cause of blockage in the centrifugal pump and deteriorate the performance. This study elaborates an experimental and data-driven methodology to identify suction, discharge, and simultaneous occurrence of both blockages. The discharge pressure signals are acquired and denoised using CEEMD. The fuzzy recurrence plots obtained from denoised signals are attempted to classify using three pre-trained models: Xception, GoogleNet, and Inception. None of these models are trained on such images; thus, features are extracted from different pooling layers which include shallow features too. The features extracted from different layers are fed to four shallow learning classifiers: Quadratic SVM, Weighted k-nearest network, Narrow Neural network, and subspace discriminant classifier. The study finds that subspace discriminant achieves the highest accuracy of 97.8% when trained using features from second pooling of Xception model. Furthermore, this proposed methodology is implemented at other blockage conditions of the pump. The subspace discriminant analysis outperforms the other selected shallow classifier with an accuracy of 93% for the features extracted from the first pooling layer of the Xception model. Therefore, this study demonstrates an efficient method to identify pump blockage using pre-trained and shallow classifiers.
Scoping review protocol exploring the relationship between food insecurity, mental health and diet intake among adolescents across the globe
Authors: Nkwanyana Akhona , Florence Maria , Swart Elizabeth Catherina 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionStudies, exploring the effect of food insecurity on physical and mental health, have shown that food insecurity is associated with lower self-reports of physical and mental health. With the COVID-19 pandemic, food insecurity has increased leading to higher risks of poor mental health. Despite evidence of the negative implications of food insecurity on mental health, there is a paucity of research on these variables for adolescents specifically. The current evidence shows there is a gap in adolescent centred research linking mental health and food insecurity globally. Adolescence is a crucial period of development where habits, nutritional inadequacies linked to food insecurity and mental health problems formed due to these inadequacies can be conveyed into adulthood. The aim of this study is to systematically scope the literature exploring the relationship between mental health, food (in)security and/or diet intake of adolescents.MethodsThis review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s extended framework. The search strategy was developed by two of the authors and will be used to search literature from January 2012 to December 2022 in PubMed, Academic search complete, PsychARTICLES, Google, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Web of science core collection. Searching published and unpublished literature will be done in the chosen databases. References used in included literature will be reviewed for additional studies/sources. Articles will be assessed for eligibility by two reviewers, and any discrepancies reviewed by a third reviewer. The inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used for screening. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram will be used to document the selection process. A narrative summary and descriptive analysis will be used to summarise and report the extracted data.Ethics and disseminationApproval for this study has been granted by the University of the Western Cape Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (BM21/8/3). Strict measures will be followed to ensure methodological rigour.
Mental health of new and recent graduates during the university-to-work transition: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Zayts Olga , Edmonds David Matthew , Kong Brandon Chee Kin , Fortune Zoë 
Published: April 2023

IntroductionUniversity students face challenges when starting their careers and entering the workforce after tertiary education is associated with negative psychological outcomes. The planned scoping review will synthesise the literature on the impact of university-to-work transitions on the mental health of new and recent graduates. We will describe the characteristics and main findings of the studies, and will examine the variables associated with, and the theories used to explain, the relationship between transitions to work and graduates’ mental health.MethodsWe will search the following databases: Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, PSYCINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index, CINAHL Plus, Ovid MEDLINE and Google Scholar, to locate published and unpublished literature. The included studies will focus on undergraduate and postgraduate university students during planned or current university-to-work transitions, as well as early-career workers. We will include studies involving people who have left or are in their final year of study, are undergoing career transition preparation or have worked for no longer than 3 years since graduation. Studies from all countries, those published in English and since 2000, will be included. We will use a set of predefined search terms and we will extract studies using the EndNote V.20 reference management software. Two reviewers will screen and assess the identified studies using the Covidence software. Finally, we will present the data in a summary table and will qualitatively analyse the studies using thematic analysis.Ethics and disseminationOur scoping review does not require ethical approval. The scoping review’s findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journal articles and conference presentations, and will inform the development of training resources for different stakeholders as part of a wider research project.Trial registration numberThe study has been registered with the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gw86x).
The existence of null circular geodesics outside extremal spherically symmetric asymptotically flat hairy black holes
Authors: Peng Yan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe existence of null circular geodesics in the background of non-extremal spherically symmetric asymptotically flat black holes has been proved in previous works. An interesting question that remains, however, is whether extremal black holes possess null circular geodesics outside horizons. In the present paper, we focus on the extremal spherically symmetric asymptotically flat hairy black holes. We show the existence of the fastest circular trajectory around an extremal black hole. As the fastest trajectory corresponds to the position of null circular geodesics, we prove that null circular geodesics exist outside extremal spherically symmetric asymptotically flat hairy black holes.
Вплив кастрації на розвиток адреналінового ушкодження серця в щурів, які зазнали хронічного гіподинамічного стресу
Authors: Друзюк Р. Б. , Денефіль О. В. 
Published: April 2023

Мета роботи: оцінити вплив кастрації на розвиток окиснювальних процесів та морфологічних змін у серці щурів, які зазнали хронічного стресу, при адреналіновому ушкодженні серця (АУС).
Матеріали і методи. Досліди виконано на 120 білих щурах-самцях лінії Вістар. Усі тварини були розділені на дві серії: 1 – стрес, 2 – кастрація і стрес. Для відтворення АУС щурам вводили одноразово внутрішньочеревно 0,18 % розчин адреналіну гідротартрату з розрахунку 0,5 мг/кг маси (фармацевтична фірма “Дарниця”, Україна). Оцінювали розвиток окиснювального стресу та морфологічні зміни у серці в контролі, через 1, 3, 7, 14 і 28 діб після введення адреналіну.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Кастрація і стрес у тварин ІІ серії, порівняно з І серією щурів, які зазнали тільки стресу, спричинила зменшення продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, але значне збільшення окисно модифікованих протеїнів. Супероксиддисмутазна активність у ІІ серії зросла, а каталазна активність значно зменшилася. Адреналін призвів до найбільшого накопичення ТБК-aктивних продуктів: у тварин, які зазнали стресу – через 14 діб, а кастрації і стресу – через 1 добу. Ступінь накопичення окисно модифікованих протеїнів вираженіший у тварин, які зазнали стресу, але абсолютні значення значно більші у щурів, які були попередньо кастровані. У І серії тварин після ін’єкції адреналіну зросла супероксиддисмутазна, але зменшилася каталазна активність. У ІІ серії тварин активність антиоксидантів збільшилася, але залишилася значно меншою, порівняно з показниками І серії щурів. Морфологічні зміни вказували на значне ушкодження міокарда і судинної стінки обох серій тварин. Кастрація спричинює більші порушення окснювальних процесів у серці щурів, які зазнали хронічного гіподинамічного стресу, при розвитку адреналінового ушкодження міокарда.