bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient automated error detection in medical data using deep-learning and label-clustering
Authors: Nguyen Tuc , Diakiw Sonya , VerMilyea Matthew , Dinsmore Andrew , Perugini Michelle , Perugini Don , Hall Jonathan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Medical datasets inherently contain errors from subjective or inaccurate test results, or from confounding biological complexities. It is difficult for medical experts to detect these elusive errors manually, due to lack of contextual information, limiting data privacy regulations, and the sheer scale of data to be reviewed. Current methods for detecting errors in data typically focus only on minimizing the effects of random classification noise. More recent progress has focused on using deep-learning to capture errors stemming from subjective labelling and confounding variables, however, such methods can be computationally intensive and inefficient. In this work, a deep-learning based algorithm was used in conjunction with a label-clustering approach to automate error detection. Results demonstrated high performance and efficiency on both image- and record-based datasets. Errors were identified with an accuracy of up to 85%, while requiring up to 93% less computing resources to complete. The resulting trained AI models exhibited greater stability and up to a 45% improvement in accuracy, from 69% to over 99%. These results indicate that practical, automated detection of errors in medical data is possible without human oversight.
Elevated n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio in erythrocyte membranes of obese patients interacts with intestinal flora to promote cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhao Tong , Huang Hongying , Li Jinchen , Shen Jingyi , Zhou Cui , Xiao Rong , Ma Weiwei 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Objective:Obesity increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, and the gut microbiota can affect brain cognitive function and obesity through a variety of pathways such as the gut-brain axis. This study aimed to discover how fatty acid affect cognitive function by regulating intestinal flora in obesity.Method:Obese subjects were recruited for cognitive function assessment, and participants were divided into obese group with cognitive impairment (MCI) and obese cognitively normal group (Non_MCI).Result:In the erythrocyte membrane, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) and n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in the MCI group than in the Non_MCI group. However, the α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3) percentage of the erythrocyte membrane was lower in the MCI group. We found thatCoriobacteriales_Incertae_Sediswas positively correlated with erythrocyte membrane C20:4 n-6 and n-6 PUFA and negatively correlated with cognitive scores in obese patients. In addition, several of the functional pathways we predicted were significantly different in the MCI and Non_MCI groups.Conclusion:Higher levels of n-6/n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in the erythrocyte membranes may influence the inflammatory response in the organism causing obesity induced cognitive damage. Moreover, high levels of n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio may also affect the intestinal flora of obese patients, which in turn may affect the cognitive function of obese patients.
Relationship between seed traits and seedling parameters in rice wild species
Authors: Kaldate Supriya , Bharti Uma , Basandrai Daisy , Bhatia Shivani , Basandrai Ashwini 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Rice is everyday meal of about half of the world’s population. Demand for rice is continuously growing because of increasing population. With the impact of climate change, rice crop needs to be diversified with direct seeded cultivation. Under direct seeded condition seeds of high seedling vigour and good crop stand are preferred. Therefore, the following study was undertaken to analyse the seed traits and its effect on seedling vigour and grain yield in rice wild species. It was found that large seeds have larger embryos and better seedling vigour. Significant positive correlation found between embryo area grain yield, germination percentage nodal root number and seedling height. The cultivated Oryza sativa genotypes had largest embryo area and seed area followed by Oryza meridionalis. Oryza glaberrima had the smallest embryo area. The seed size was observed to be evolved under selection pressure. Bigger seed sizes in the Oryza sativa cultivars indicate gradual selection for increased seed size and fitness under agronomic condition.
Bioremediation of Diesel Oil Polluted Seawater by a Hydrocarbon-degrading Bacterial Consortium with Oleophilic Nutrients
Authors: Luo Qun , Wang Yunfei , Chen Qingguo , Zhu Baikang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The use of oleophilic nutrients that contained nitrogen and phosphorus is a valid strategy to enhance bioremediation rate in the open marine environments contaminated with hydrocarbons where the presence of nutrients is limited. The bioremediation effectiveness of the natural oleophilic nutrients (uric acid and soya bean lecithin) and an artificial oleophilic fertilizer prepared in this study were tested with an efficient bacterial consortium. The artificial oleophilic fertilizer was prepared using urea solution, soya bean lecithin, alcohol and oleic acid to form a water-in-oil type microemulsion system. The bioremediation potential of the oil-degrading bacterial consortium and these oleophilic nutrients were implemented by flask-shaking tests and laboratory mesocosm experiments. The diesel oil degradation ratios of the natural oleophilic nutrients and oleophilic fertilizer were upto 73% and 60%, respectively, at the optimal application rate during the shake flask trials. In the mesocosm experiments, the oil concentration of the oleophilic fertilizer + bacterial consortium group was decrease from about 8000 mg/L to 823 mg/L after six days of incubation, and the number of bacteria in the seawater increased from 3×104 to 1.8×1010 CFU/mL. The combination of these oleophilic nutrients and the consortium was an effective strategy to enhance bioremediation rate. This method could be exploited further for the development of an effective bioremediation technology for the marine oil pollution.
Composition and antifungal properties of phenolic extracts from sunflower hulls
Authors: Martinez Guadalupe , Regente Mariana , Rio Marianela Del , Radicioni Melisa Belén , Pinedo Marcela , Silveyra Maria Ximena , Canal Laura de la 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Plants produce diverse types of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, which are involved in protection against fungal infections. Sunflower hulls, an under-appreciated by-product of the oil industry, is a natural source of phenolic compounds. The aim of this work was to characterize the composition of natural extracts from sunflower hulls, evaluate their ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogenic fungi and provide insights on its mechanism of action. We obtained an extract enriched in phenolic compounds (EPC) by hydroalcoholic extraction of sunflower hulls. The analysis by LC-MS/MS showed that the main phenolic compound of EPC was chlorogenic acid. The extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity determined by radical scavenging assay. Through different experimental approaches, we demonstrated that EPC at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL exerts a fungicidal action against the phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dalhiae and Botrytis cinerea. EPC displayed cytotoxic effects mediated by membrane permeabilization and oxidative stress on fungal cells. Our findings contribute to valorize an agro-industrial by-product that is usually discarded, through its potential application as a biofungicide.
Flexibility in ape gestural production
Authors: Amici Federica , Liebal Katja 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Flexibility is an important hallmark of complex communication systems, yet few studies have systematically assessed it in non-human species. In this study, we investigated different aspects of flexibility in the gestural communication systems of 7 groups of captive apes (N = 53), including 19 chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), 16 Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and 18 siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus). We operationalized flexibility in four different ways: (i) the use of one gesture type across several contexts (i.e. contextual flexibility), (ii) the use of many gesture types in the same context, (iii) morphological variation with which individual gesture types can be produced (i.e. morphological flexibility), and (iv) the ability to combine signals into different sequences. Comparisons across individuals and species revealed variation in contextual and morphological flexibility. In particular, contextual flexibility increased through age, and it was overall higher in chimpanzees than in siamangs. However, morphological flexibility was highest in siamangs and lowest in orangutans. Overall, variation could be largely explained in terms of changes in social experience and differences in the socio-ecological characteristics of the species. Our findings suggest that contextual and morphological flexibility might be good candidates to study inter-individual and inter-specific variation in primate gestural production.
Elevated hypoxic inducible factor-1 alpha levels associated with metabolic disorders in children with obesity
Authors: Zhou Nan , Peng Ting , Sun Bin , Gao Hu , Shi Nan , Cao Yao , Xu Yao , Li Xiaonan 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to examine expression and circulation levels of hypoxic inducible factor-1 (HIF1α) in children, and to evaluate its potential relationships with obesity and metabolic disorders.
Methods: To begin, mRNA and protein expressions of HIF1α in 17 paired subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) adipose tissues from children were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Subsequently, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in 100 normal weight children and 402 children with overweight or obesity (OV/OB). Furthermore, the serum levels of HIF1α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: Both HIF1α mRNA and protein levels were higher in OV/OB children (p＜0.05), especially in OM adipose tissue. Additionally, serum HIF1α levels were markedly elevated in OV/OB children compared to normal children (p＜0.05). Serum HIF1α levels were positive correlated with BMI z-score, FM%, WHtR, SBP, ALT, TG, UA, and HOMA-IR. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratios the ORs for IR (OR: 1.729, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.571~10.056, p=0.021), NAFLD (OR: 1.176, 95% CI: 1.002~1.402 , p=0.030), and MS (OR: 2.821, 95% CI: 0.519~11.993, p=0.003) remained significant in the presence of all potential confounding variables. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of serum HIF1α levels in diagnosing children with IR, NAFLD, and MS were 0.698 (95% CI: 0.646~ 0.750, p < 0.001), 0.679 (95% CI: 0.628~0.731, p < 0.001), and 0.829 (95% CI: 0.749~0.910, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: HIF1α expression in adipose tissue of children appeared to be depot specific and increased in OM of children with obesity. Elevated serum HIF1α levels may predict higher risk of obesity complications.
Decreased functional connectivity is associated with increased levels of Cerebral Spinal Fluid soluble-PDGFRβ, a marker of blood brain barrier breakdown, in older adults
Authors: Contreras Joey Annette , Fujisaki Kimiko , Ortega Nancy , Barisano Giuseppe , Sagare Abhay , Pappas Ioannis , Chui Helena , Ringman John M , Joe Elizabeth B , Zlokovic Berislav , Toga Arthur W , Pa Judy 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) is suggested to be cross-sectionally associated with both vascular burden and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. For instance, studies in pre-clinical AD subjects have shown increases of cerebral spinal fluid soluble platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (CSF sPDGFRβ, a marker of BBB breakdown) but have not demonstrated if this vascular impairment affects neuronal dysfunction. It’s possible that increased levels of sPDGFRβ in the CSF may correlate with impaired FC in metabolically demanding brain regions (i.e. Default Mode Network, DMN). Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between these two markers in older individuals that were cognitively normal and had cognitive impairment. Eighty-nine older adults without dementia from the University of Southern California were selected from a larger cohort. Region of interest (ROI) to ROI analyses were conducted using DMN seed regions. Linear regression models measured significant associations between BOLD FC strength among seed-target regions and sPDGFRβ values, while covarying for age and sex. Comparison of a composite ROI created by averaging FC values between seed and all target regions among cognitively normal and impaired individuals was also examined. Using CSF sPDGFRβ as a biomarker of BBB breakdown, we report that increased breakdown correlated with decreased functional connectivity in DMN areas, specifically the PCC while the hippocampus exhibited an interaction effect using CDR score. We conclude that BBB breakdown as measured by CSF sPDGFRβ affects neural networks resulting in decreased functional connections that leads to cognitive dysfunction.
Intrinsic capacity in acutely hospitalized older adults
Authors: Nagae Masaaki , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Komiya Hitoshi , Nakashima Hirotaka , Fujisawa Chisato , Watanabe Kazuhisa , Yamada Yosuke , Miyahara Shuzo 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to examine the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and adverse outcomes of hospitalization.
Design: A prospective observational cohort study.
Setting and Participants: We recruited patients aged 65 years or older who were admitted to the geriatric ward of an acute hospital between Oct 2019 and Sep 2022.
Measurements: Each of the five IC domains (locomotion, cognition, vitality, sensory, and psychological capacity) was graded into three levels, and the composite IC score was calculated (0, lowest; 10, highest). Hospital-related outcomes were defined as in-hospital death, hospital-associated complications (HACs), length of hospital stay, and frequency of discharge to home.
Results: In total, 296 individuals (mean age 84.7± 5.4 years, 42.7% males) were analyzed. Mean composite IC score was 6.5 ± 1.8, and 95.6% of participants had impairment in at least one IC domain. A higher composite IC score was independently associated with lower frequency of in-hospital death (odds ratio [OR] 0.62) and HACs (OR 0.71), higher frequency of discharge to home (OR 0.50), and shorter length of hospital stay (β=-0.24, p<0.01). The locomotion, cognition, and psychological domains were independently associated with the occurrence of HACs, discharge destination, and length of hospital stay.
Conclusion: Evaluating IC was feasible in the hospital setting and was associated with outcomes of hospitalization. For older inpatients with decreased IC, integrated management may be required to achieve functional independence.
Analysis of forced vibration data using output-error methods
Authors: Pourgholi Mehran 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Based on the linearization of the structure's vibration equation in the state space, the stochastic subspace (SSI) approach is often used for system identification in the time domain of structures. As a consequence of using singular value decomposition (SVD) and QR factorization, the non-linear optimization solution may be avoided, and the identification issue can be solved as a linear least-squares problem. Although SSI does not explicitly minimize a cost function to produce the system matrices, the statistical analysis is significantly more involved for subspace approaches. Alternatively, in system identification, one might choose an output-error method (OEM), whereby the model parameters are repeatedly tweaked to match the outputs of the simulated model and the observed system. The purpose of this study is to modify the OEM to obtain structural features in the following manner: First, to reduce the number of optimization iterations, the initial term is derived using the SSI. Second, the objective function's nonlinearity is reduced by considering the second-order derivatives as a linear system to optimize parameters using the Gauss-Newton approach. Finally, perform a gradient project minimization in state-space systems to prevent non-injectivity. After applying OEM to the results of a model of a three-story structure activated by seismic acceleration at SNR = 1dB, the model's damping ratio and mode shapes became more precise.
Exploring the Structural and Elastic Properties of CH 3 NH 3 GeI 3 under High Pressure Based on First Principle Calculations
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Kang Kunyong , Deng Shuduan , Zhu Gang 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Methylamine iodide based chalcogenide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite is a new material of wide interest in the photovoltaic field because of its high conversion efficiency. However, it contains Pb, a heavy metal element, and its structure is not very stable, therefore researchers continue to explore its replacement. It has been found that CH3NH3GeI3 has similar excellent photoelectric properties to CH3NH3PbI3, but there are few literatures on its mechanical properties. In this paper, the mechanical properties of CH3NH3GeI3 are studied by first-principles to provide theoretical guidance for its experimental research and practical application. The results show that under high pressure, the T-phase transforms into C- and O- phases at 0.05 GPa and 0.10 GPa, respectively, and in addition, the Young's modulus E of the O-phase keeps decreasing with increasing pressure, and its Platts ductility index (G/B) is always greater than 0.57, while the T-phase always stays below 0.57, which proves that the T-phase is brittle and the O-phase is ductile. Mechanical stability conditions are met for all three phases as the pressure increases.
Oil flowers to oil bees? Differences on pollination niche based on pollinator performance
Authors: Oleques Suiane , Souza-Chies Tatiana , Avila Rubem 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Oil-producing flowers depend on pollination by oil bees resulting in a very narrow pollination niche. However, some observations have indicated pollen bees as potential pollinator. We combined data from previous study visitation frequency and pollen deposition on stigmas to investigate the performance of these two bee groups and determine the role of each them as effective pollinators of oil-producing species. These native plant species from Pampean grasslands vary in morphological traits, elaiophore position and visitation rates. Bees differed significantly in pollination performance. Oil bees performed better as pollinators of C. herbertii, while pollen bees were more effective in H. pulchella. Both groups were equally important in the K. brasiliensis pollination. This study reinforces that pollination niches are better understood when pollination efficiency among pollinator groups in a particular community context is analysed. Although the plant set studied represents a potential oil bee fundamental pollination niche by floral attributes, the two functional bee groups determined different realized pollination niches. These findings could be useful for a better comprehensive scenario of the evolution of floral traits in oil flowers of Iridaceae.
Knowledge of Venous Thromboembolism Among Nigerian Pregnant Women: a Preliminary Survey for the 'move for Flow' Program
Authors: Petronilla Ojukwu Chidiebele , Nwagha Theresa Ukamaka , Agbo Livinus Chikere , Ezeigwe Anne Uruchi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Background: Pregnancy is a significant risk factor for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) which results in high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Awareness creation is one of the preventable strategies of VTE. To this effect, we designed the 'Move for Flow' program aimed at maternal health education on VTE, its symptoms and preventive strategies. For the best implementation of this program, the current knowledge level of the relevant population is of great interest in guiding the program design and implementation.
Aim: To assess the knowledge levels of VTE among Nigerian pregnant women.
Methodology: In this cross-sectional survey, 1000 pregnant women residing in Enugu, Nigeria, completed a structured questionnaire which assessed their knowledge of VTE, its risk factors and prevention strategies. Quantitatively, their knowledge levels were categorized as no, poor, average and good knowledge.
Results: The majority of the respondents did not know about pregnancy-related deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (80.8%) and pulmonary embolism (PE) (88.9). Predictors of DVT knowledge levels include husbands’ level of education ( at most secondary education) ( AOR=4.2; 95%CI =2.554-6.816; p= <0.001) and maternal age (AOR=0.9; 95% CI=0.930-0.999; p=0.044) while predictors of PE knowledge level include husbands’ level of education (at most secondary education) (AOR=2.1; 95%CI=1.005-4.436; p=0.048)and maternal occupation (professionals) (AOR=0.4; 95% CI=0.219-0.794; p=0.008)
Conclusion: Pregnant women are unaware of pregnancy-related VTE in Enugu, Nigeria. Immediate designing and implementation of the 'Move for Flow' program are recommended to improve maternal knowledge levels of VTE.
Drug Carriers in The Delivery and Release of Hydroxychloroquine by Biopolymer
Authors: Al-Hayder Layth S. Jasim , Al-Hussainawy Mohammed kassim. 
Published: March 2023

Abstract

The successful creation of several unique and intelligent drug delivery systems with improved therapeutic effectiveness, improved patient compliance, and new developments and research in the realm of biopolymers guides cost effectiveness. Several biodegradable polymers are widely employed in the drug delivery industry because they are biologically broken down inside the body into non-toxic components. The design of diverse drug delivery systems based on biopolymers can benefit from a comprehensive understanding of the possible qualities of biopolymers, including extraction techniques and environmentally friendly manufacturing, chemistry, surface properties, rheology, bulk properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Accordingly, new biopolymers were synthesized by free radical and cross-linked molecules and their physical and chemical properties were studied, and some comprehensive examinations were conducted for the task of research, such as FT-IR-EDX, XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and BET-BJH. Good results were obtained for adsorption and releasing the adsorbed drug into the aqueous solution with a percentage of 20% at pH 2 and 3% at pH 7, 10. The divorce rate was high when there were different concentrations of salt.