bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of GIS and Machine Learning Techniques for Mapping the Landslide-Prone Areas in the State of Goa, India
Authors: Ganesh Babitha , Vincent Shweta , Pathan Sameena , Benitez Silvia Raquel Garcia 
Published: June 2023

AbstractA landslide susceptibility map (LSM) assists in reducing the danger of landslides by locating the landslide-prone locations within the designated area. One of the locations that are prone to landslides in India's Western Ghats of which Goa is a part. This article presents the LSMs prepared for the state of Goa using four standard machine learning algorithms, namely Logistic Regression (LR ), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), and Random Forest (RF). In order to create LSMs, a 78-point landslide inventory, as well as 14 landslide conditioning factors, has been used, including slope, elevation, aspect, total curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, yearly rainfall, Stream Power Index, Topographic Wetness Index, distance to road, depth to bedrock/soil depth, soil type, lithology, and land use land cover. The most pertinent features for the models' construction have been chosen using the Pearson correlation coefficient test and the Random Forest method. The presence of landslides is shown to be strongly influenced by the distance to road, slope of the terrain, and the annual rainfall. The LSMs generated were classified into five levels ranging from very low susceptibility level to very high susceptible. The prediction accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, area under the ROC (AUC-ROC), and True Skill Statistics (TSS) have been used to analyse and compare the LSMs created using various methodologies. All of these algorithms perform pretty well, as evidenced by the overall accuracy scores of 81.90% for LR, 83.33% for SVM, 81.94% for KNN, and 86.11% for RF. SVM and RF are the better approaches for forecasting landslide vulnerability in the research area, according to TSS data. The maximum AUC-ROC of 86% was achieved by the RF algorithm. The results of performance metrics lead to the conclusion that the tree-based RF approach is most appropriate for producing LSM for the state of Goa. The results of this study indicate that more landslide-prone areas can be found in the Sattari, Dharbandora, Sanguem, and Canacona regions of Goa.
Holistic anti-tumor resistance mechanism of YBX1 and its potential as a chemoresistance target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Zheng , Chen Haidi , Li Borui , Wang Ting , Ji Shunrong , Qin Yi , Xu Xiaowu , Yu Xianjun 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe overall survival rate of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the worst among all cancers, which is mainly due to the fact that most patients are in the late tumor stage when diagnosed, lacking effective treatment options. Although targeted therapy has shown some prospects in PDAC, its efficacy is limited to patients with specific gene mutation or target gene expression. A large number of patients have no other treatment options except chemotherapy. However, the high drug resistance rate of chemotherapy for PDAC severely limits the improvement of curative effect. Therefore, determining the key factors that lead to drug resistance in PDAC is crucial to improve the prognosis of patients. Multifunctional oncoprotein Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) may be one of such potential targets. Studies have confirmed that YBX1 is associated with the inherent behavior of a variety of cancers, such as proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and cancer cell stemness. Herein, we integrated and analyzed the resistance mechanism of YBX1 in anti-tumor therapy, and discussed its potential as a therapeutic target to reverse the chemotherapy resistance of PDAC.
Motion Tracking in Diagnosis: Gait Disorders Classification with a Dual-Head Attentional Transformer-LSTM
Authors: Shayestegan Mohsen , Kohout Jan , Trnková Kateřina , Chovanec Martin , Mareš Jan 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGait and motion stability analysis in gait dysfunction problems is a very interesting research area. Usually, patients who undergo vestibular deafferentation are affected by changes in their dynamic balance. Therefore, it is important both patients and physicians are able to monitor the progress of the so-called vestibular compensation to observe the rehabilitation process objectively. Currently, the quantification of their progress is highly dependent on the physician’s opinion. In this article, we designed a novel methodology to classify the gait disorders associated with unilateral vestibular deafferentation in patients undergoing vestibular schwannoma surgery (model of complete vestibular loss associated with imbalance due to vestibular nerve section and eventual labyrinthectomy). We present a dual-head attentional transformer-LSTM (DHAT-LSTM) to evaluate the problem of rehabilitation from gait dysfunction, which is observed by a Kinect. A system consisting of a key-point-RCNN detector is used to compute body landmark measures and evaluate gait dysfunction based on a DHAT-LSTM network. This structure is used to quantitatively assess gait classification by tracking skeletal features based on the temporal variation of feature sequences. The proposed deep network analyses the features of the patient’s movement. These extracted high-level representations are then fed to the final evaluation of gait dysfunction. The result analytically demonstrates its effectiveness in classification evaluation when used in conjunction with state-of-the-art pose estimation and feature extraction techniques. An accuracy greater than 81% was achieved for given sets of individuals using velocity-based, angle-based, and position features for both the whole body and the symmetric features of the body.
Protecting Reproductive Rights Post-Roe: Can Companies Keep Your Data Safe?
Authors: Barrera Meagan , Rayman Labrin Danny 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe United States Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization brought to the forefront the intersections between technology and reproductive rights. As the country grappled with the impact of Dobbs on reproductive rights, digital and human rights experts warned that the vast amounts of data collected by companies could now be used to target and punish people seeking or facilitating access to abortions. This is the most recent manifestation of the negative impact technology can have on women, girls and persons of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities, and represents a global challenge for companies that collect, store, share and process user data. To fulfill their responsibility to respect human rights, companies should take steps to prevent the risks associated with collecting, storing, sharing and processing user data, and adapt these steps to respond to emerging risks, such as those now posed by the Dobbs decision.
Tail variance allocation, Shapley value, and the majorization problem
Authors: Galeotti Marcello , Rabitti Giovanni 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWith a focus on the risk contribution in a portofolio of dependent risks, Colini-Baldeschi et al. (2018) introduced Shapley values for variance and standard deviation games. In this note we extend their results, introducing tail variance as well as tail standard deviation games. We derive closed-form expressions for the Shapley values for the tail variance game and we analyze the vector majorization problem for the two games. In particular, we construct two examples showing that the risk contribution rankings for the two games may be inverted depending on the conditioning threshold and the tail fatness. Motivated by these examples, we formulate a conjecture for general portfolios. Lastly, we discuss risk management implications, including the characterization of tail covariance premiums and reinsurance pricing for peer-to-peer insurance policies.
ERRATUM TO “NON-UNIFORMLY FLAT AFFINE ALGEBRAIC HYPERSURFACES”
Authors: MANDAL ARINDAM , PINGALI VAMSI PRITHAM , VAROLIN DROR 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this erratum, we correct an erroneous result in [PV2] and prove that the affine algebraic hypersurfaces
$xy^2=1$
and
$z=xy^2$
are not interpolating with respect to the Gaussian weight.
Incidence of adverse events and comparative tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for the treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Gosmann Natan Pereira , Costa Marianna de Abreu , Jaeger Marianna de Barros , Frozi Júlia , Spanemberg Lucas , Manfro Gisele Gus , Cortese Samuele , Cuijpers Pim , Pine Daniel Samuel , Salum Giovanni Abrahão 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSelective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) show similar efficacy as treatments for anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and stress-related disorders. Hence, comparisons of adverse event rates across medications are an essential component of clinical decision-making. We aimed to compare patterns of adverse events associated with SSRIs and SNRIs in the treatment of children and adults diagnosed with these disorders through a network meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane, websites of regulatory agencies, and international registers from inception to 09 September 2022, for randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of SSRIs or SNRIs. We analyzed the proportion of participants experiencing at least one adverse event and incidence rates of 17 specific adverse events. We estimated incidence rates and odds ratios through network meta-analysis with random effects and three-level models. We analyzed 799 outcome measures from 80 studies (n = 21 338). Participants in medication groups presented higher rates of adverse events (80.22%, 95% CI 76.13–83.76) when compared to placebo groups (71.21%, 67.00–75.09). Nausea was the most common adverse event (25.71%, CI 23.96–27.54), while weight change was the least common (3.56%, 1.68–7.37). We found higher rates of adverse events of medications over placebo for most medications, except sertraline and fluoxetine. We found significant differences between medications for overall tolerability and for autonomic, gastrointestinal, and sleep-related symptoms. Adverse events are a common reason that patients discontinue SSRIs and SNRIs. Results presented here guide clinical decision-making when clinicians weigh one medication over another. This might improve treatment acceptability and compliance.
More Honey Than Vinegar: Peer Review As a Middle Ground between Universalism and National Sovereignty
Authors: Domínguez-Redondo Elvira , McMahon Edward R. 
Published: June 2023

SummaryPeer review mechanisms, such as the Universal Periodic Review, rely upon traditional sovereign state diplomacy for contemporary human rights implementation. This article argues that this is a positive development for several reasons. First, at a theoretical level, it reveals an evolving maturity of the human rights regime through its capacity to detach from exclusively legalistic approaches to human rights implementation. Second, at a policy level, there is enough evidence of measured positive outcomes of peer review mechanisms to suggest a preference for more co-operative approaches to ensuring human rights compliance as a first and complementary step to other more controversial legal/adversarial means of implementation (such as the third pillar of the R2P concept). Finally, peer review mechanisms offer a theoretical and pragmatic framework conciliating between universalist and relativist conceptual approaches to human rights, accommodating and integrating views that call for compliance with international human rights law as well as those emphasizing respect for sovereignty.
Do discriminatory laws have societal origins? The diffusion of anti-Ahmadiyah regulations in Indonesia
Authors: Buehler Michael 
Published: June 2023

AbstractGovernment laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities are on the rise worldwide. Scholars have debated whether or not society-based discrimination is a pre-condition for government-based discrimination. Examining an original dataset of regulations discriminating against the Ahmadiyah community in Indonesia, this article argues that calls from within society to restrict the freedom of religious minorities are neither a sufficient nor a necessary condition for the rise of discriminatory government regulations. Instead, governments may emulate other governments and adopt laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities without any immediate societal pressure preceding it. Hence, future research needs to consider theinterdependencebetween jurisdictions as an important driver of laws and regulations discriminating against religious minorities.
Chamfered edge filtering ultra-wideband antenna integrated with H-unit cell-loaded feed line for improved out-of-band rejection
Authors: Ramakrishnan Bhakkiyalakshmi , Sivashanmugham Vasanthi Murugiah 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThis paper proposes a passive filtering antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The edge chamfering technique is adopted to construct the UWB antenna. The designed UWB antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 135%. A low-pass filter (LPF) is embedded on the feed line of the UWB antenna to convert it into a narrowband antenna that works at 2.45 GHz with 29.5% fractional bandwidth by removing the high-frequency components. The LPF is a transmission line with a stepped impedance configuration loaded with an H-shaped unit cell. The proposed filtering antenna is fabricated and tested. The measured results indicate the gain is >4.2 dBi and the radiation efficiency is >75%.
Microwave Observations of Ganymede's Sub‐surface Ice: 2. Reflected Radiation
Authors: Zhang Zhimeng , Brown Shannon , Bolton Scott , Levin Steven , Adumitroaie Virgil , Bonnefoy Lea E. , Feng Jianqing , Hartogh Paul , Lunine Jonathan , Misra Sidharth , Siegler Matthew 
Published: June 2023

AbstractJuno's microwave radiometer experiment (MWR) provided the first spatially resolved observations beneath the surface of Ganymede's ice shell. The results indicate that scattering is a significant component of the observed brightness temperature, which is a combination of the upwelling ice emission and reflected emission from the sky and from Jupiter's synchrotron emission (Brown et al., 2023). Retrieval of the sub‐surface ice temperature profile requires that these confounding signals are estimated and removed to isolate the thermal signature of the ice. We present data analysis and model results to estimate the reflected synchrotron emission component. Our results indicate reflected emission over a broad range of observed angles, due to surface roughness and internal scattering. Based on viewing geometry, direct specular reflection from a smooth surface at a narrow angle is not observed. A microwave‐reflective medium is indicated, that is, a very rough surface and/or non‐homogeneous subsurface.
Temperature and Salinity Anomalies in the Sea Surface Microlayer of the South Pacific During Precipitation Events
Authors: Gassen L. , Badewien T. H. , Ewald J. , Ribas‐Ribas M. , Wurl O. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWe present the results of salinity (ΔS) and temperature (ΔT) anomalies in the sea surface microlayer (SML) in relation to the underlying mixed bulk water (bulk). Several light to moderate rain events were recorded in the southern Pacific near Fiji using our remotely operated catamaran. Precipitation and evaporation drive freshwater fluxes across the sea surface (i.e., the SML) and are the most essential processes of the hydrologic cycle. However, measurements of the SML during precipitation are rare, but necessary to fully understand freshwater exchange at the air‐sea interface. Here we show that freshwater can mix rapidly with the bulk water through wind‐induced mixing, as ΔS and ΔT show a clear dependence on wind speed. At high wind speeds (5.1–11.6 m s−1), anomalies approach zero (ΔS = −0.02 ± 0.49 g kg−1, ΔT = −0.09 ± 0.46°C) but can reach ΔS = 1.00 ± 0.20 g kg−1 and ΔT = −0.37 ± 0.09°C at lower wind speeds (0–2 m s−1). We find shallow freshwater lenses and fronts, likely caused by past rainfall, with ΔS and ΔT of up to −1.11 g kg−1 and 1.77°C, respectively. Our observations suggest that freshwater lenses can be very shallow (<1 m depth) and missed by conventional measurements. In addition, the temperature and salinity in the SML respond to freshwater fluxes instantaneously. It highlights the role of the SML in a mechanistic understanding of the fate of freshwater over the ocean and, therefore, the global hydrologic cycle.
VEGF-A in serum protects against memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by blocking neutrophil infiltration
Authors: Qi Fangfang , Zuo Zejie , Hu Kaishun , Wang Rui , Wu Tong , Liu Hao , Tang Jiaoling , Wang Qingbo , Xie Yufeng , Tan Liren , Yang Yunjie , Zhang Xiaoran , Zheng Jiaying , Xu Jie , Yao Zhibin , Wang Shengwen , Wu Long-Jun , Guo Kaihua 
Published: June 2023

AbstractActivation of innate immunity in the brain is a prominent feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study investigated the regulation of innate immunity by wild-type serum injection in a transgenic AD mouse model. We found that treatment with wild-type mouse serum significantly reduced the number of neutrophils and microglial reactivity in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Mimicking this effect, neutrophil depletion via Ly6G neutralizing antibodies resulted in improvements in AD brain functions. Serum proteomic analysis identified vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) as factors enriched in serum samples, which are crucial for neutrophil migration and chemotaxis, leukocyte migration, and cell chemotaxis. Exogenous VEGF-A reversed amyloid β (Aβ)-induced decreases in cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and increases in CXCL1 in vitro and blocked neutrophil infiltration into the AD brain. Endothelial Cdk5 overexpression conferred an inhibitory effect on CXCL1 and neutrophil infiltration, thereby restoring memory abilities in APP/PS1 mice. Our findings uncover a previously unknown link between blood-derived VEGF signaling and neutrophil infiltration and support targeting endothelial Cdk5 signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
Barriers and solutions to the adoption of translational tools for computational psychiatry
Authors: Benrimoh David , Fisher Victoria , Mourgues Catalina , Sheldon Andrew D. , Smith Ryan , Powers Albert R. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractComputational psychiatry is a field aimed at developing formal models of information processing in the human brain, and how alterations in this processing can lead to clinical phenomena. There has been significant progress in the development of tasks and how to model them, presenting an opportunity to incorporate computational psychiatry methodologies into large- scale research projects or into clinical practice. In this viewpoint, we explore some of the barriers to incorporation of computational psychiatry tasks and models into wider mainstream research directions. These barriers include the time required for participants to complete tasks, test-retest reliability, limited ecological validity, as well as practical concerns, such as lack of computational expertise and the expense and large sample sizes traditionally required to validate tasks and models. We then discuss solutions, such as the redesigning of tasks with a view toward feasibility, and the integration of tasks into more ecologically valid and standardized game platforms that can be more easily disseminated. Finally, we provide an example of how one task, the conditioned hallucinations task, might be translated into such a game. It is our hope that interest in the creation of more accessible and feasible computational tasks will help computational methods make more positive impacts on research as well as, eventually, clinical practice.
In situ photo-on-demand phosgenation reactions with chloroform for syntheses of polycarbonates and polyurethanes
Authors: Tsuda Akihiko 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPhosgene is an important carbonyl source for industrial production of polycarbonates (PCs) and polyurethanes (PUs). However, since it is highly toxic, alternative compounds and/or new phosgenation reactions have been explored for safety reasons. Given this background, we found a novel photochemical reaction enabling the synthesis of phosgene from chloroform. Subsequently, we developed new phosgenation reactions and reaction systems, and the key objective was “safe application” to organic synthesis. This focus review reports our recent use of in situ photo-on-demand phosgenations of alcohols and amines in synthesizing PC, PU, and their precursors, such as chloroformates, carbonate esters, and diisocyanates, in batch reaction systems, which are preferable for laboratory or small-scale industrial syntheses. We believe that the present reactions have advantages over conventional phosgenation reactions, especially in terms of safety and environmental impacts, and are expected to make positive contributions to practical organic syntheses in both academia and industry.
Wearable-based accelerometer activity profile as digital biomarker of inflammation, biological age, and mortality using hierarchical clustering analysis in NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Shim Jinjoo , Fleisch Elgar , Barata Filipe 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRepeated disruptions in circadian rhythms are associated with implications for health outcomes and longevity. The utilization of wearable devices in quantifying circadian rhythm to elucidate its connection to longevity, through continuously collected data remains largely unstudied. In this work, we investigate a data-driven segmentation of the 24-h accelerometer activity profiles from wearables as a novel digital biomarker for longevity in 7,297 U.S. adults from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using hierarchical clustering, we identified five clusters and described them as follows: “High activity”, “Low activity”, “Mild circadian rhythm (CR) disruption”, “Severe CR disruption”, and “Very low activity”. Young adults with extreme CR disturbance are seemingly healthy with few comorbid conditions, but in fact associated with higher white blood cell, neutrophils, and lymphocyte counts (0.05–0.07 log-unit, all p < 0.05) and accelerated biological aging (1.42 years, p < 0.001). Older adults with CR disruption are significantly associated with increased systemic inflammation indexes (0.09–0.12 log-unit, all p < 0.05), biological aging advance (1.28 years, p = 0.021), and all-cause mortality risk (HR = 1.58, p = 0.042). Our findings highlight the importance of circadian alignment on longevity across all ages and suggest that data from wearable accelerometers can help in identifying at-risk populations and personalize treatments for healthier aging.