bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between placental pathology and poor intrauterine growth among a cohort of mother–infant singleton pairs in Leyte, the Philippines
Authors: Colt Susannah , Barry Christopher V. , Sagliba Marianne J. , Amoylen Amabelle J. , Tallo Veronica , Friedman Jennifer F. , Gundogan Fusun , McDonald Emily A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectivePoor intrauterine growth has negative impacts for child growth and development and disproportionately affects children living in low‐resource settings. In the present study, we investigated relationships between placental pathologies and indicators of poor intrauterine growth.MethodsWe enrolled a longitudinal cohort of 279 mother–infant pairs from Leyte, the Philippines. Placental measures included characteristics, pathological findings, and immunohistochemistry. At birth, intrauterine growth was assessed using anthropometric measures, weight‐for‐gestational age, and the clinical assessment of nutritional status score (CANSCORE) for determining fetal malnutrition. Multivariate linear regression and log‐binomial regression models were applied, controlling for potential confounding factors.ResultsMaternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) was related to reduced birthweight (P < 0.0001), birth length (P = 0.002), head circumference (P = 0.001), and weight‐to‐length ratio (P = 0.016). MVM increased the risk for preterm delivery (P = 0.0005) and small for gestational age (SGA) (P = 0.016). Acute chorioamnionitis (P = 0.013) and MVM (P = 0.021) both led to an increased risk for fetal malnutrition defined by CANSORE<25. Villous tissue activated caspase‐3 was associated with lower birth length (P = 0.0006), higher weight‐to‐length ratio (P = 0.004), reduced risks for SGA (P = 0.011) and low weight‐to‐length ratio for gestational age (P = 0.004).ConclusionThe present study applied comprehensive measures for intrauterine growth and demonstrates that low placental weight and placental pathology, chiefly MVM, contribute to poor intrauterine growth. A better understanding of the mechanistic role of specific placental pathologies on adverse newborn outcomes will provide opportunities for reducing incidence of poor intrauterine growth and associated long‐term morbidities.
Performance analysis ofstate‐of‐the‐art CNNarchitectures for brain tumour detection
Authors: Khushi Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab , Masood Tehreem , Jaffar Arfan , Akram Sheeraz , Bhatti Sohail Masood 
Published: August 2023

AbstractDeep learning models, such as convolutional neural network (CNN), are popular now a day to solve various complex problems in medical and other fields, such as image classification, object detection, recommendation of images, processing of natural languages and video and image analysis. So, the idea of studying the architecture of CNNs has gotten a lot of attention and become popular. This study analysed and contrasted the performance of many different CNN models trained on the publicly accessible Br35h dataset for the detection of brain tumours. These models included the LeNet, AlexNet, VGG16, VGG19 and ResNet50. Several optimisers were used in this research to fine‐tune the performance of the CNN model. These included Adam (adaptive moment estimation), SGD (stochastic gradient descent) and RMSprop (root‐mean‐square propagation). Accuracy, miss‐classification rate, sensitivity, specificity, NPV (negative predictive value), PPV (positive predictive value), F1‐score and false omission rate (FOR) were used to assess the efficacy of five different CNN architectures trained using three different optimisers. The experimental results showed that AlexNet architecture with SGD optimiser performed better than other CNN architecture with different optimisers and achieved the highest accuracy of 98.79% with a miss classification rate of 1.20%. It also achieved 98.98% sensitivity, 98.58% specificity, 98.93% NPV, 98.65% PPV, 98.82% F1‐score and 1.06% FOR.
MacD‐Net: An automatic guided‐ensemble approach for macular pathology detection using optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Maurya Ritesh , Pandey Nageshwar Nath , Joshi Rakesh Chandra , Dutta Malay Kishore 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIn this work, a novel guided‐ensemble approach has been proposed for an automated diagnosis of three different types of retinal disorders, such as drusen, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and diabetic macular edema (DME). These conditions, if left untreated, can lead to vision loss. In the proposed approach, four different pre‐trained CNNs such as MobileNetV1, EfficientNetB3, NASNetMobile and XceptionNet have been fine‐tuned for that purpose and the prediction score obtained by each CNN in an ensemble has been combined based on their validation accuracies. The proposed guided‐ensemble approach has been trained and tested on the public dataset consisting of 84 495 retinal OCT images for training and 1000 unseen images for testing. These images were graded by the experts into four categories, such as CNV, DME, drusen and normal. The proposed approach has outperformed the other methods by obtaining an accuracy of 99.8% in classifying four different classes of retinal OCT images.
Data governance for wicked problems: A case from the Thai health system
Authors: Gunawong Panom 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examined how data governance practices in multi‐agency organizations manifest while trying to solve a wicked problem. This study adopted the data governance framework to analyze the Working Group that is responsible for opium addiction and treatment projects in Thailand. This framework comprises five decision domains of data: data principles, data quality, metadata, data access, and data lifecycle. The results showed that the Working Group did not have strong data principles among the relevant agencies and faced local obstacles. This led to uncertainty in the other four areas. It demonstrated, however, some effective outcomes by improvising its specific approach, which considers the relationships between various stakeholders in their dynamic adaptations within the overall data governance process. The Working Group practiced localized framework strategies, which consisted of eight approaches: data consensus in the knowledge network, strong structure, information integrity and cultural awareness, flexibility of organizational integration, dynamic adjustment process, effective information sharing, unlocking stagnations, and data governance cycles. All these strategic approaches compensated for the low performance of the current universal data governance framework.
In vitro assessment of inflammatory skin potential of poly(methyl methacrylate) at non‐cytotoxic concentrations
Authors: Barraza‐Vergara Luisa F. , Carmona‐Sarabia Lesly , Torres‐García Wandaliz , Domenech‐García Maribella , Mendez‐Vega Janet , Torres‐Lugo Madeline 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPoly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is considered an attractive substrate material for fabricating wearable skin sensors such as fitness bands and microfluidic devices. Despite its widespread use, inflammatory and allergic responses have been attributed to the use of this material. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to obtain a comprehensive understanding of potential biological effects triggered by PMMA at non‐cytotoxic concentrations using in vitro models of NIH3T3 fibroblasts and reconstructed human epidermis (RhE). It was hypothesized that concentrations that do not reduce cell viability are sufficient to activate pathways of inflammatory processes in the skin. The study included cytotoxicity, cell metabolism, cytokine quantification, histopathological, and gene expression analyses. The NIH3T3 cell line was used as a testbed for screening cell toxicity levels associated with the concentration of PMMA with different molecular weights (MWs) (i.e., MW ~5,000 and ~15,000 g/mol). The lower MW of PMMA had a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5.7 mg/cm2, indicating greater detrimental effects than the higher MW (IC50 = 14.0 mg/cm2). Non‐cytotoxic concentrations of 3.0 mg/cm2 for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 mg/cm2 for MW ~5,000 g/mol) induced negative metabolic changes in NIH3T3 cells. Cell viability was severely reduced to 7% after the exposure to degradation by‐products generated after thermal and photodegradation degradation of PMMA. PMMA at non‐cytotoxic concentrations still induced overexpression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (IL1B, CXCL10, CCL5, IL1R1, IL7, IL17A, VEGFA, FGF2, IFNG, IL15) on the RhE model. The inflammatory response was also supported by histopathological and gene expression analyses of PMMA‐treated RhE, indicating tissue damage and gene overexpression. Results suggested that non‐cytotoxic concentrations of PMMA (3.0 to 5.6 mg/cm2 for MW ~15,000 g/mol and 0.9 to 2.1 mg/cm2 for MW ~5,000 g/mol) were sufficient to negatively alter NIH3T3 cells metabolism and activate inflammatory events in the RhE skin.
The phenotype of adults with complicated eosinophilic esophagitis is dominated by a 5‐year longer diagnostic delay: A population‐based study of the DanEoE cohort
Authors: Henriksen Stine D , Hansen Stine K , Heinesen Mia , Terkelsen Jacob H , Hollænder Martin , Bredal Kasper , Melgaard Dorte , Krarup Anne L 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackground and AimThe DanEoE is a previously described population‐ and register‐based cohort of 236 adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) in a well‐defined Danish region with a population of 580 000 and free medical treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the phenotype and treatment response between EoE patients with complications to patients without complications at diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study of the DanEoE cohort's 236 adult EoE patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 in the North Denmark Region. Patients were divided into a group who had had complications (dilated or food bolus obstruction [FBO]) before or at the diagnosis, and a group without.ResultsAt the diagnostic endoscopy, 61% had never had a complication, and 39% had either had FBO (n = 77) or been dilated (n = 15). The complicated group had the same mean age at symptom debut (37 [SD = 16] vs 37 [SD = 17] years, P = 1.0), but were diagnosed significantly later with a resulting longer diagnostic delay (13 [SD = 13] vs 7.9 [SD = 11] years, P = 0.01). Almost half of all patients were never treated to symptomatic remission (uncomplicated 40%, complicated 49%). The histological remission was not secured in the majority (uncomplicated 68%, complicated 70%). Despite this, <15% of patients with previous FBO experienced this after the diagnosis.ConclusionIn the population‐based DanEoE cohort, results indicated that the complicated EoE phenotype was a patient with a 5‐year longer diagnostic delay. In the current study, the complication status did not predict the treatment response.
Screening data from 19 patients with late‐onset Pompe disease for a phase I clinical trial of AAV8 vector‐mediated gene therapy
Authors: Hannah William B. , Case Laura E. , Smith Edward C. , Walters Crista , Bali Deeksha , Kishnani Priya S. , Koeberl Dwight D. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractLate‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a multisystem disorder with significant myopathy. The standard treatment is enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), a therapy that is lifesaving, yet with limitations. Clinical trials have emerged for other potential treatment options, including adeno‐associated virus (AAV) gene therapy. We present clinical parameters and AAV antibody titers for 19 individuals with LOPD undergoing screening for a Phase I clinical trial with an AAV serotype 8 vector targeting hepatic transduction (AAV2/8‐LSPhGAA). Reported clinical parameters included GAA genotype, assessments of muscle function, upright and supine spirometry, anti‐recombinant human GAA antibody titers, and biomarkers. Variability in measured parameters and phenotypes of screened individuals was evident. Eligibility criteria required that all participants have six‐minute walk test (6MWT) and upright forced vital capacity (FVC) below the expected range for normal individuals, and were stably treated with ERT for >2 years. All participants had Pompe disease diagnosed by enzyme deficiency, and all had the common c.‐32‐13T>G LOPD pathogenic variant. Screening identified 14 patients (74%) with no or minimal detectable neutralizing antibodies against AAV8 (titer ≤1:5). 6MWT distance varied significantly (percent of expected distance ranging from 24% to 91% with an average of 60 and standard deviation of 21). Upright FVC percent predicted ranged from 35% predicted to 91% predicted with an average of 66 and standard deviation of 18. None of the participants had significantly elevated alanine transaminase, which has been associated with LOPD and could complicate screening for hepatitis related to AAV gene therapy. We review the parameters considered in screening for eligibility for a clinical trial of AAV8 vector‐mediated gene therapy.
Feasibility of Multiparametric Perfusion Assessment in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion and Blood Oxygenation‐Level Dependent MRI
Authors: Edwards Scott J. , Yao Jingting , Schechter Marcos C. , Fayfman Maya , Santamarina Gabriel , Feiweier Thorsten , Blanco Gerardo , Alvarez Jessica , Risk Benjamin B. , Rajani Ravi , Reiter David A. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundPatients with type‐2 diabetes (T2DM) are at increased risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and experiencing impaired wound healing related to underlying microvascular disease.PurposeTo evaluate the sensitivity of intra‐voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI to microvascular changes in patients with DFUs.Study TypeCase–control.Population20 volunteers who were age and body mass index matched, including T2DM patients with DFUs (N = 10, mean age = 57.5 years), T2DM patients with controlled glycemia and without DFUs (DC, N = 5, mean age = 57.4 years) and healthy controls (HC, N = 5, mean age = 52.8 years).Field strength/Sequence3T/multi‐b‐value IVIM and dynamic BOLD.AssessmentResting IVIM parameters were obtained using a multi‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted imaging sequence and two IVIM models were fit to obtain diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo‐diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f) and microvascular volume fraction (MVF) parameters. Microvascular reactivity was evaluated by inducing an ischemic state in the foot with a blood pressure cuff during dynamic BOLD imaging. Perfusion indices were assessed in two regions of the foot: the medial plantar (MP) and lateral plantar (LP) regions.Statistical TestsEffect sizes of group mean differences were assessed using Hedge's g adjusted for small sample sizes.ResultsDFU participants exhibited elevated D*, f, and MVF values in both regions (g ≥ 1.10) and increased D (g = 1.07) in the MP region compared to DC participants. DC participants showed reduced f and MVF compared to HC participants in the MP region (g ≥ 1.06). Finally, the DFU group showed reduced tolerance for ischemia in the LP region (g = −1.51) and blunted reperfusion response in both regions (g < −2.32) compared to the DC group during the cuff‐occlusion challenge.Data ConclusionThe combined use of IVIM and BOLD MRI shows promise in differentiating perfusion abnormalities in the feet of diabetic patients and suggests hyperperfusion in DFU patients.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 1
Probing Evidence of Cerebral White Matter Microstructural Disruptions in Ischemic Heart Disease Before and Following Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Diffusion Tensor MR Imaging Study
Authors: Poirier Stefan E. , Suskin Neville G. , Khaw Alexander V. , Thiessen Jonathan D. , Shoemaker Joel K. , Anazodo Udunna C. 
Published: August 2023

BackgroundIschemic heart disease (IHD) is linked to brain white matter (WM) breakdown but how age or disease effects WM integrity, and whether it is reversible using cardiac rehabilitation (CR), remains unclear.PurposeTo assess the effects of brain aging, cardiovascular disease, and CR on WM microstructure in brains of IHD patients following a cardiac event.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThirty‐five IHD patients (9 females; mean age = 59 ± 8 years), 21 age‐matched healthy controls (10 females; mean age = 59 ± 8 years), and 25 younger controls (14 females; mean age = 26 ± 4 years).Field Strength/Sequence3 T diffusion‐weighted imaging with single‐shot echo planar imaging acquired at 3 months and 9 months post‐cardiac event.AssessmentTract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) and tractometry were used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in cerebral WM between: 1) older and younger controls to distinguish age‐related from disease‐related WM changes; 2) IHD patients at baseline (pre‐CR) and age‐matched controls to investigate if cardiovascular disease exacerbates age‐related WM changes; and 3) IHD patients pre‐CR and post‐CR to investigate the neuroplastic effect of CR on WM microstructure.Statistical TestsTwo‐sample unpaired t‐test (age: older vs. younger controls; IHD: IHD pre‐CR vs. age‐matched controls). One‐sample paired t‐test (CR: IHD pre‐ vs. post‐CR). Statistical threshold: P < 0.05 (FWE‐corrected).ResultsTBSS and tractometry revealed widespread WM changes in older controls compared to younger controls while WM clusters of decreased FA in the fornix and increased MD in body of corpus callosum were observed in IHD patients pre‐CR compared to age‐matched controls. Robust WM improvements (increased FA, increased AD) were observed in IHD patients post‐CR.Data ConclusionIn IHD, both brain aging and cardiovascular disease may contribute to WM disruptions. IHD‐related WM disruptions may be favorably modified by CR.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Bacterial assemblages structure in intensive cultivations of the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus
Authors: Bucheli Jaimet , Cella Herculano , Nader Camila , Oliveira Carlos Yure B. , Bastolla Camila Lisarb V. , Lopes Rafael Garcia , Pereira Gabriella do Vale , Karam João , Derner Roberto Bianchini 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study shows the characterization of the bacterial communities associated with different systems during the cultivation of the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus. For that, sequential cultivation was performed in three different systems: (1) Photobioreactor bench‐scale; (2) flat‐panel photobioreactor; and (3) thin‐layer cascade. Cultures were monitored daily for growth parameters and biomass samples were collected for characterization of bacterial communities using metagenomic. A total of 195,177 reads were produced, resulting in the identification of 72 OTUs. In the grouping of bacterial communities, 3 phyla, 6 classes, 28 families, and 35 taxa were found. The bacteria Brevundimonas and Porphyrobacter had a higher relative abundance compared with other taxa found. These taxa were present in all cultivation systems forming a possible core community. Bacterial communities associated with different cultivation systems of the microalga T. obliquus showed an increase in taxa richness and diversity in the super‐intensive and intensive systems.
CMIP6‐projected changes in drought over Xinjiang, Northwest China
Authors: Zhang Xiaolu , Wang Xiaoxin , Zhou Botao 
Published: August 2023

AbstractXinjiang, located in Northwest China, is a typical arid and semiarid region. In this region, frequent droughts have caused great losses in agricultural production and social economy. Therefore, changes in drought over Xinjiang have attracted considerable attention. This study projects the drought changes over Xinjiang during the 21st century, based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is applied to measure drought variation. After quantitatively evaluating the performance of 25 CMIP6 models in annual and seasonal precipitation and evapotranspiration in Xinjiang during 1995–2014, we select 13 preferred models for projection. The projection results show significant decreasing trends in annual SPEI during 2021–2100 in Xinjiang, with the trends of −0.1/10a, −0.1/10a and −0.2/10a under SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5 and SSP5‐8.5, respectively. For seasons, the projected decreasing trends of SPEI in summer, autumn and spring are greater than that in winter. Relative to 1995–2014, during 2081–2100, moderate and severe droughts are projected to occupy a major increase in drought areas in Xinjiang under the three scenarios. In addition, drought tends to become more frequent and intense and last longer especially under higher scenarios. Under SSP5‐8.5, the projected regionally averaged drought frequency, intensity and duration increase by 15%, 8% and 1 month at the end of the 21st century. On the whole, the intermodel uncertainties of the projected changes in drought over Xinjiang increase with time in each emission. The findings of this study can provide information for decision makers to develop drought adaptation measures.
Improvisation Exercises Increase Negotiators' Divergent Thinking, and Sometimes their Negotiation Outcomes
Authors: Harinck Fieke , Dooren Loes 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTTwo studies investigated the effect of a short improvisation intervention (theatrical improvisation in Study 1, musical improvisation in Study 2) on negotiation processes and outcomes. The expectation was that an improvisation exercise, compared to a control condition in which participants engaged in jigsaw puzzling, would result in better negotiation agreements via higher levels of divergent thinking. Results showed that improvisation exercise increased participants' divergent thinking, compared to the control condition. The effects on negotiation processes and outcomes, however, only partly supported the predictions. In Study 2, improvisation exercise had an indirect influence on negotiation outcomes via divergent thinking, and in Study 1 improvisation exercise did influence divergent thinking but did not influence negotiation outcomes. So improvisation exercise increases divergent thinking, and sometimes this heightened divergent thinking results in higher negotiation outcomes.