bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chakrabarty Nivedita , Mahajan Abhishek , Patil Prachi , Chowhan Manoranjan , Munmmudi Naveen , Niyogi Devayani , Dabkara Deepak , Singh Suryaveer , Singh Ajaykumar , Devarmani Sanjana , Dhull Varun Singh , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: February 2023

AbstractEarly staging and treatment initiation affect prognosis of patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer; hence, it is imperative to have knowledge of proper choice of imaging modality for staging of these patients, to effectively convey relevant imaging findings to the treating physician/surgeon. It is also essential to be aware of pertinent imaging findings that need to be conveyed to the treating physician/surgeon at staging, and after treatment, including post-therapy complications (if any), so as to provide timely management to such patients. In this article, we have provided imaging guidelines for diagnosis, staging, post-therapy response evaluation, follow-up, and assessment of post-therapy complications of esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer in a systematic manner. Besides, risk factors and clinical workup have also been elucidated. We have also attached comprehensive staging and post-therapy contrast-enhanced computed tomography and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography-based synoptic reporting formats “ECI-RADS” and “pECI-RADS,” respectively, for esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancer in the supplement, for effective communication of imaging findings between a radiologist and the treating physician/surgeon.
Delayed Posttraumatic Tension Pneumocephalus: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Jain Chirag , Rewatkar Ajinkya , Roy Anup Kumar , Indira Devi Bhagavatula 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDelayed tension pneumocephalus is a rare entity. Twelve cases of posttraumatic delayed tension pneumocephalus have been reported. This study is a case report of a patient presenting with delayed posttraumatic tension pneumocephalus, and highlights the nuances of management.
Predictors of Gastrostomy Tube Placement in Head and Neck Cancer Patients at a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Copeland-Halperin Libby R. , Divakar Prashanthi , Stewart Talia , Demsas Falen , Levy Joshua J. , Nigriny John F. , Paydarfar Joseph A. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractBackground Head and neck cancer is a leading cause of cancer. Treatment often requires surgical resection, free-flap reconstruction, radiation, and/or chemotherapy. Tumor burden and pain may limit swallowing and impair nutrition, increasing complications and mortality. Patients commonly require gastrostomy tubes (G-tube), but predicting which patients are in need remains elusive. This study identifies predictors of G-tube among head and neck cancer patients undergoing immediate free-flap reconstruction.Methods Institutional Review Board approval was obtained. Retrospective database review was performed of patients at 18 years of age or older with head and neck cancer who underwent resection with immediate free-flap reconstruction from 2011 to 2019. Patients who underwent nonfree-flap or delayed reconstruction or with mortality within 7 days postoperatively were excluded. Patient demographics and comorbidities, tumor/treatment characteristics, and need for G-tube were analyzed to identify univariate and multivariate predictors.Results In total, 107 patients were included and 72 required G-tube placement. On multivariate analysis, tracheostomy (odds ratio [OR]: 81.78; confidence interval [CI]: 7.43–1,399.92; p < 0.01), anterolateral thigh flap reconstruction (OR: 16.18; CI: 1.14–429.66; p = 0.04), and age 65 years or younger (OR: 9.35; CI: 1.47–89.11; p = 0.02) were predictors of G-tube placement.Conclusion Head and neck cancer treatment commonly involves extensive resection, reconstruction, and/or chemoradiation. These patients are at high risk for malnutrition and need G-tube. Determining who requires a pre- or postoperative G-tube remains a challenge. In this study, the need for tracheostomy or ALT flap reconstruction and age 65 years or younger were predictive of postoperative G-tube placement. Future research will guide a multidisciplinary perioperative pathway to facilitate the optimization of nutrition management.
Minimally Invasive Arthrodesis of the Equine Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: A Biomechanical Comparison of Three 5.5-mm Cortical Screws Inserted in Lag Fashion and Two 7.0-mm Headless Cannulated Dual-Pitch Compression Screws
Authors: Rumpel Aires Santana , De Carvalho Anderson Luiz , Vassoler Jakson Manfredini , Schmidt Matheus Lothar , Mertz Cleiton Costa , Rozo Cesar Augusto Camacho , Campos Joanna Kulczynski , Alievi Marcelo Meller 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of two minimally invasive arthrodesis techniques of the equine proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint (three transarticular 5.5-mm cortical screws [AO-3TLS] vs. two transarticular 7.0-mm headless cannulated multi-use compression screws [MUC-2TS]) in dynamic non-destructive testing and compression testing to failure.
Study Design The experimental study included six pairs of cadaveric adult equine forelimbs; one limb from each horse was randomly assigned to one of the treatments, and the contralateral limb was submitted to the remaining treatment. The dynamic test was performed alternating non-destructive compression tests at a displacement rate of 5 mm/min up to 5,000 N and sinusoidal compressive cyclic tests at 6 Hz, using a 3,600-N amplitude for 8,550 cycles. Construct stiffness and maximum sagittal plane rotation about the PIP joint markers were determined during the dynamic test. After the dynamic test reached 136,800 cycles, the monotonic compressive test until failure was performed on each construct: load, displacement and sagittal plane rotation about the PIP joint marker at failure were analysed.
Results The evaluated biomechanical properties showed no statistical difference between the AO-3TLS and MUC-2TS treatment groups in any of the ramps of the dynamic non-destructive test and in the compression loading until failure test.
Conclusion The MUC-2TS treatment produced biomechanical properties equivalent to the AO-3TLS treatment for PIP joint arthrodesis.
Patient-Reported Outcomes and Surgical Quality
Authors: Hyland Colby J. , Pusic Andrea L. , Liu Jason B. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractDelivering high-quality surgical care requires knowing how best to define and measure quality in surgery. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) enable surgeons, health care systems, and payers to understand meaningful health outcomes from the patient's perspective and can be measured using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). As a result, there is much interest in using PROMs in routine surgical care, to guide quality improvement and to inform reimbursement pay structures. This chapter defines PROs and PROMs, differentiates PROMs from other quality measures such as patient-reported experience measures, describes PROMs in the context of routine clinical care, and provides an overview of interpreting PROM data. This chapter also describes how PROMs may be applied to quality improvement and value-based reimbursement in surgery.
Influence of oxygen on the optical, electrical, and heating properties of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) films
Authors: Beckford Jasmine , Behera Makhes K. , Yarbrough Kelsea , Pradhan Sangram K. , Bahoura Messaoud 
Published: February 2023

Thin-film transparent heaters (TFTHs) are gaining popularity in optoelectronics and a variety of domestic applications, including smart windows, car defrosters, and other devices. The deposition and characterization of TFTHs made of gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) are presented in this work. GZO thin films were deposited via pulsed laser deposition on glass substrates with varying oxygen partial pressures from 0 to 10 mTorr during deposition. The samples demonstrated very low sheet resistance values between 5 and 17 Ω/sq from 0 to 10 mTorr, respectively. UV/vis transmission spectra revealed that TFTHs have a high optical transparency above 80%. GZO-based TFTHs demonstrated a consistent and repeatable joule heating effect, with temperatures reaching 76 °C with a low input voltage of 10 V. This research could guide the future use of GZO as a transparent conducting oxide material for many potential cost-effective applications from low-powered electronics to lightweight and wearable devices.
Effect of pulsed magnetic field in murine T lymphoma EL4 cells
Authors: Lee Hyunsook , Lee Boram , Kim Sojin , Jung Juyeon 
Published: February 2023

Maintenance of homoeostasis in human body is a very important indicator in all cell activities. When exposed to a disease, various immune cells are activated due to the inflammatory response, and particularly T cells play a role in inducing apoptosis of mutated cells such as tumor cells. When the activity of T cells is very low, infection by external invasion is easy, and on the contrary, excessive activation leads to chronic inflammation caused by autoimmune diseases. Many clinical studies related to pulsed magnetic field (PMF) demonstrated its efficacy in reducing pain, improving blood circulation, as well as blood’s acid-base balance. Therefore, our study has tried to investigate the influence of PMF on the regulation of acid-base homeostasis in EL4 T lymphoma cell. In addition, we have tried to explain the role of PMF on immune cell activity by measuring the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in culture supernatants. EL4 cells were cultured in a DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin in an incubator at 37 °C and 5% CO2 condition. Our PMF stimulator has the maximum strength of 4700 G at a transition time of 222 μs with pulse intervals of 1 Hz. The homoeostasis in pH was improved as PMF strength increases. Cell viability decreased by 32% after PMF stimulation of 4700 G. It was observed that the concentration of TNF-α, a cytokine related to inflammation, also decreased as the strength of PMF increased. These results suggest that PMF stimulation improves the anti-inflammatory effect, therefore, it is thought to affect the immune system by balancing the activation and suppression of immune cells. For clinical use, our study might suggest non-invasive PMF can be developed as a medical devices modulating immune system, although it is necessary to optimize the PMF conditions such as pulse shape, duration, or repetition rate.
A simple 3D printed microfluidic device for point-of-care analysis of urinary uric acid
Authors: Dalvand Kolsoum , Ghiasvand Alireza , Keshan-Balavandy Sepideh , Li Feng , Breadmore Michael 
Published: February 2023

Point-of-care testing (POCT) technology allows scientists to monitor and diagnose diseases at the patient site, much faster than classical lab-based methods. Herein, a rapid, simple, and sensitive 3D printed microfluidic device integrated with smartphone-based on-chip detection is described for POCT quantification of urinary uric acid. The device includes two circular inputs each connected to a microliter-scale chamber, separated by an integrated porous membrane, located between the sample and reagent chambers. The microfluidic device was fabricated from a transparent photopolymer using a 3D printer, in a single run. The concentration of uric acid was determined based on a chromogenic reaction in which ferrous ion, produced via the reduction of ferric ion by the analyte, complexed with 1,10-phenanthroline, and the color was recorded by a smartphone. Response surface methodology including a central composed design was utilized to evaluate the experimental parameters and subsequent introduction of a multivariate model to describe the experimental conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 30–600 mg L−1. The limit of detection was determined to be 10.5 mg L−1. The microfluidic device was successfully utilized for the recovery and quantification of uric acid in the urine, with recoveries ranging from 91.7 to 99.7%.
Template-free self-assembly of mesoporous ZnO nanocluster/ polymethyl methacrylate based anisotropic nanocomposite thin films with enhanced interfacial interactions and tuneable optical properties
Authors: Awasthi Shivam , Mohan Anita , Singh Kamalesh K 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Nature inspired biomimetic growth of anisotropic, hierarchical nanostructures could offer insight into new and exciting crystalline properties for advanced multifunctional applications. Our study demonstrates diethanolamine-mediated mesoscopic self-assembly of semiconducting ZnO Quantum Dots (3–5 nm) into lattice-aligned, symmetrical superstructures (40–50 nm) via non-classical oriented attachment (OA) crystal growth observed in various biomineralization processes. Multifunctional nanocomposite thin films of self-assembled nanostructures and polymethyl methacrylate were spin-coated onto plasma-treated Si wafers and the surface and interfacial properties were rigorously studied. HR-TEM images depicted the OA growth process with neighboring nano-crystals having perfectly aligned lattices. Preferential orientation of the thin films along <100> direction was evident from the XRD data. Quantum confinement in ZnO QDs and surface defect originating sharp green PL emission were examined through UV–Vis absorption and Photoluminescence spectra respectively. DLS and Zeta potential studies of surface-engineered colloidal superstructures established excellent long-term physico–chemical stability with no agglomeration or transparency loss observed in ZnO mesocrystal suspension even after 6 months. Diethanolamine, due to its dual functionality radically enhanced the interaction between polar ZnO and non-polar PMMA matrix resulting in highly stable thin films (Class II hybrids) with enhanced surface and interfacial properties as evident from the extremely low surface roughness and homogenous nanofiller dispersion observed in AFM and FE-SEM studies. Chemical interactions at the interface were also established quantitatively by XPS binding energy measurements which suggested hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds between organic-inorganic phases promoted via diethanolamine surface engineering.
Well-posedness and applications of classical elastohydrodynamics for a swimming filament
Authors: Mori Yoichiro , Ohm Laurel 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We consider a classical elastohydrodynamic model of an inextensible filament undergoing planar motion in

R

3

. The hydrodynamics are described by resistive force theory, and the fibre elasticity is governed by Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Our aim is twofold: (1) Serve as a starting point for developing the mathematical analysis of filament elastohydrodynamics, particularly the analytical treatment of an inextensibility constraint, and (2) As an application, prove conditions on internal fibre forcing that allow a free-ended filament to swim. Our analysis of fibre swimming speed is supplemented with a numerical optimization of the internal fibre forcing, as well as a novel numerical method for simulating an inextensible swimmer.
An experiential program on the foundations of quantum mechanics for final-year high-school students
Authors: Montagnani Stefano , Stefanel Alberto , Chiofalo Maria Luisa Marilù , Santi Lorenzo , Michelini Marisa 
Published: February 2023

AbstractTeaching and learning quantum mechanics is one of the most demanding educational and conceptual challenges, in particular in secondary schools where students do not possess an adequate mathematical background to effectively support the description of quantum behaviour. Educational research shows that traditional approaches, generally based on historical and narrative perspectives, are only partially effective. The reason is that they do not address in depth those basic quantum concepts that radically question the fundamentals of classical physics. A research-based educational program has been proposed to two final-year classes of an Italian scientific high school. In order to build the main concepts of quantum mechanics and their formal basic representation via real and simulated experiments, the program uses the light polarization as a context. A quantum game was then integrated in the educational program, to support students’ learning. Their conceptual paths, monitored by means of tutorials and questionnaires, show significant student learning especially on the concept of state and on appropriating the formalism meaning, whereas students more frequently referred to the geometrical vector representation instead of the algebraic-analytic formula. The quantum game has emerged to support intuition and operative experience in distinguishing the foundational concepts of superposition and entanglement.
Ultra-wide band radar for prospective respiratory motion correction in the liver
Authors: Neumann Tom , Ludwig Juliane , Kerkering Kirsten M. , Speier Peter , Seifert Frank , Schaeffter Tobias , Kolbitsch Christoph 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Objective. T1 mapping of the liver is time consuming and can be challenging due to respiratory motion. Here we present a prospective slice tracking approach, which utilizes an external ultra-wide band radar signal and allows for efficient T1 mapping during free-breathing. Approach. The fast radar signal is calibrated to an MR-based motion signal to create a motion model. This motion model provides motion estimates, which are used to carry out slice tracking for any subsequent clinical scan. This approach was evaluated in simulations, phantom experiments and in vivo scans. Main results. Radar-based slice tracking was implemented on an MR system with a total latency of 77 ms. Moving phantom experiments showed accurate motion prediction with an error of 0.12 mm in anterior-posterior and 0.81 mm in head-feet direction. The model error remained stable for up to two hours. In vivo experiments showed visible image improvement with a motion model error three times smaller than with a respiratory bellow. For T1 mapping during free-breathing the proposed approach provided similar results compared to reference T1 mapping during a breathhold. Significance. The proposed radar-based approach achieves accurate slice tracking and enables efficient T1 mapping of the liver during free-breathing. This motion correction approach is independent from scanning parameters and could also be used for applications like MR guided radiotherapy or MR Elastography.
Pedestal particle balance studies in JET-ILW H-mode plasmas
Authors: Horvath L , Lomanowski B , Karhunen J , Maslov M , Schneider P A , Simpson J , Brix M , Chapman-Oplopoiou B , Corrigan G , Frassinetti L , Groth M , Lawson K , Maggi C F , Menmuir S , Morales R B , Moulton D , Myatra O , Nina D , Pereira T , Réfy D I , Saarelma S , Vécsei M 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
JET-ILW type I ELMy H-modes at 2.5 MA/2.8 T with constant NBI heating (23 MW) and gas fuelling rate were performed, utilising edge localised mode (ELM) pacing by vertical kicks and plasma shaping (triangularity, δ) as tools to disentangle the effects of ELMs, inter-ELM transport and edge stability on the pedestal particle balance. In agreement with previous studies, the pedestal confinement improves with increasing δ, mostly due to a significant increase in pedestal density while the ELM frequency (

f

E
L
M

) is decreased. Improved pedestal confinement with increasing δ was observed even when the pedestal MHD stability was degraded artificially by vertical kicks, implying that increased triangularity may favourably affect the inter-ELM pedestal recovery. The workflow developed to quantify the pedestal particle balance uses high time-resolution profile reflectometry to characterise the inter-ELM evolution of the plasma particle content (

d

N

/

d

t

), the NEO drift-kinetic solver to evaluate the neoclassical fluxes and interpretative EDGE2D-EIRENE simulations to estimate the edge particle source. The edge particle source is then constrained by deuterium Balmer-α line intensity measurements in the main chamber, which are, however, strongly affected by reflections from the metal walls. The reflections are accounted for by the CHERAB code taking the divertor emission (the brightest light source in the torus) distribution from imaging spectroscopy measurements as input. Our analysis shows that in the second half of the ELM cycle, the volume-integrated particle source is larger than

d

N

/

d

t

, indicating that transport plays a key role in the inter-ELM pedestal recovery.
Push and pull magnetic reconnection driven by intense laser interaction with double-coil capacitor target
Authors: Yuan Xiaoxia , Zhou Cangtao , Zhang Hua , Chen Peng , Zhong Jiayong , Han Bo , Sun Wei , Wang Jianzhao , Zhou Weimin , Zhang Bo , Wang Chen , Xiong Jun , Lu Feng , Yang Zuhua , Yang Lei , Cui Bo , Gu Yuqiu , Cao Leifeng , Yu Mingyang , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Push and pull magnetic reconnection (MR) experiments using high-power laser irradiating a capacitor target with the plates connected by a pair of U-shaped coils are carried out. During the beginning (end) of the laser-target interaction that creates a hot plasma in the region, the rise (fall) stages of the coil currents generates expanding (contracting) magnetic fields that reconnect in the midplane between the coils, resulting in push (pull) MR. Proton radiography and proton ray-tracing simulation are used to track the evolution of the magnetic fields. The proton accumulation and void formation between the coils are related to the oppositely directed current-sheet currents during the push and pull MR stages. The directions of the plasma electron outflows during these two MR phases are obtained by monitoring the soft x-ray emission. Our results suggest that the double-coil capacitor target may be useful for laboratory modeling of fast MR and related phenomena in astrophysical plasmas.
Rank the spreading influence of nodes using dynamic Markov process
Authors: Lin Jianhong , Chen Bo-Lun , Yang Zhao , Liu Jian-Guo , Tessone Claudio J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Ranking the spreading influence of nodes is of great importance in practice and research. The key to ranking a node’s spreading ability is to evaluate the fraction of susceptible nodes being infected by the target node during the outbreak, i.e. the outbreak size. In this paper, we present a dynamic Markov process (DMP) method by integrating the Markov chain and the spreading process to evaluate the outbreak size of the initial spreader. Following the idea of the Markov process, this method solves the problem of nonlinear coupling by adjusting the state transition matrix and evaluating the probability of the susceptible node being infected by its infected neighbors. We have employed the susceptible-infected-recovered and susceptible-infected-susceptible models to test this method on real-world static and temporal networks. Our results indicate that the DMP method could evaluate the nodes’ outbreak sizes more accurately than previous methods for both single and multi-spreaders. Besides, it can also be employed to rank the influence of nodes accurately during the spreading process.