bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-normal serum bilirubin decreased the risk of lower limb atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes: a real-world study
Authors: Zhao Cui-Chun , Wang Jun-Wei , Chen Ming-Yun , Ke Jiang-Feng , Li Mei-Fang , Li Lian-Xi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Bilirubin has been found to protect against overt atherosclerotic diseases, but to date, few studies have investigated the effects of bilirubin especially within the normal range on lower limb atherosclerosis. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations of bilirubin within normal limits including total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) with lower limb atherosclerosis in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
7284 T2DM patients with normal levels of serum bilirubin were included in this cross-sectional, real-world study. Patients were divided into quintiles by TB levels (< 8.7, 8.7-10.19, 10.20-11.99, 12-13.99, > 13.99 µmol/L). Lower limb ultrasonography was conducted to detect lower limb plaque and stenosis. The association between serum bilirubin and lower limb atherosclerosis was explored by multiple logistic regression.

Results
A remarkable decrease in the prevalence of lower limb plaque (77.5, 75.3, 70.7, 71.7 and 67.9%) and stenosis (21.1, 17.2, 13.3, 13.0 and 12.0%) was observed across the TB quintiles. Multivariable regression analysis showed that serum TB levels were negatively correlated with higher risks of lower limb plaque and stenosis, both as a continuous variable [OR (95%CI): 0.870 (0.784–0.964), p = 0.008 for plaque; and 0.835 (0.737–0.946), p = 0.005 for stenosis] and as categorized in quintiles (p = 0.015 and 0.016 for plaque and stenosis). Interestingly, serum CB levels were only negatively correlated with lower limb stenosis [OR (95%CI): 0.767 (0.685–0.858), p < 0.001], whereas serum UCB levels were only negatively associated with lower limb plaque [ OR (95%CI): 0.864 (0.784–0.952), p = 0.003] after a fully-adjusted analysis. Furthermore, serum CRP was significantly decreased across the TB quintiles and negatively associated with serum TB (r = -0.107, p < 0.001), CB (r = -0.054, p < 0.001), and UCB (r = -0.103, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
High-normal serum bilirubin levels were independently and significantly related to reduced risks of lower limb atherosclerosis in T2DM patients. Furthermore, serum bilirubin levels including TB, CB and UCB were inversely correlated with CRP. These results suggested that higher-normal serum bilirubin may exhibit an anti-inflammatory and protective effect against lower limb atherosclerotic progression in T2DM subjects.
Reduced-order modeling for stochastic large-scale and time-dependent flow problems using deep spatial and temporal convolutional autoencoders
Authors: Abdedou Azzedine , Soulaimani Azzeddine 
Published: May 2023

AbstractA non-intrusive reduced-order model based on convolutional autoencoders is proposed as a data-driven tool to build an efficient nonlinear reduced-order model for stochastic spatiotemporal large-scale flow problems. The objective is to perform accurate and rapid uncertainty analyses of the flow outputs of interest for which the input parameters are deemed uncertain. The data are constituted from a set of high-fidelity snapshots, collected using an inhouse high-fidelity flow solver, which correspond to a sample of the uncertain input parameters. The method uses a 1D-convolutional autoencoder to reduce the spatial dimension of the unstructured meshes used by the flow solver. Another convolutional autoencoder is used for the time compression. The encoded latent vectors, generated from the two compression levels, are then mapped to the input parameters using a regression-based multilayer perceptron. The proposed model allows for rapid predictions for unseen parameter values, allowing the output statistical moments to be computed efficiently. The accuracy of the proposed approach is compared to that of the linear reduced-order technique based on an artificial neural network through two benchmark tests (the one-dimensional Burgers and Stoker’s solutions) and a hypothetical dam break flow problem, with an unstructured mesh and over a complex bathymetry river. The numerical results show that the proposed methods present strong predictive capabilities to accurately approximate the statistical moments of the outputs. In particular, the predicted statistical moments are oscillations-free, unlike those obtained with the traditional proper orthogonal decomposition method. The proposed reduction framework is simple to implement and can be applied to other parametric and time-dependent problems governed by partial differential equations, which are commonly encountered in many engineering and science problems.
Reliability and validity of the brief version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale in a sample of Turkish adolescents
Authors: Demirpence Secinti Dilara , Sen Ezgi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Difficulty in regulating emotions increases during adolescence and can be associated with psychopathology. It is thus crucial to develop tools to identify adolescents at risk of having emotional difficulties. This study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of a brief questionnaire in a sample of Turkish adolescents.

Methods
A total of 256 participants (mean age = 15.51 ± 0.85) were recruited. They completed the original form of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-36), a brief version of DERS (DERS-16), the Barrett Impulsivity Scale (BIS-11), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Psychometric properties of DERS-16 were investigated by confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and Pearson correlational analysis.

Results
A five-factor model and second-order bifactor model of DERS-16 were confirmed. Cronbach’s alpha values for the subscales varied between 0.69 and 0.88, while the reliability of the factors Difficulties in Emotional Processing and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation were 0.75 and 0.90, respectively. DERS-16 subscales were positively correlated with the BIS-11 and TAS. In addition, there were only minimal differences between the DERS-16 and DERS-36.

Conclusion
The DERS-16 is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish adolescents. The fact that it has fewer items than DERS-36, but has similar reliability and validity and can be used as two factors, provides significant advantages in terms of applicability.
Best Time of Day for Strength and Endurance Training to Improve Health and Performance? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Bruggisser Fabienne , Knaier Raphael , Roth Ralf , Wang Wei , Qian Jingyi , Scheer Frank A. J. L. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Current recommendations for physical exercise include information about the frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise. However, to date, there are no recommendations on what time of day one should exercise. The aim was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate if the time of day of exercise training in intervention studies influences the degree of improvements in physical performance or health-related outcomes.

Methods
The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were that the studies conducted structured endurance and/or strength training with a minimum of two exercise sessions per week for at least 2 weeks and compared exercise training between at least two different times of the day using a randomized crossover or parallel group design.

Results
From 14,125 screened articles, 26 articles were included in the systematic review of which seven were also included in the meta-analyses. Both the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis) provide little evidence for or against the hypothesis that training at a specific time of day leads to more improvements in performance-related or health-related outcomes compared to other times. There was some evidence that there is a benefit when training and testing occur at the same time of day, mainly for performance-related outcomes. Overall, the risk of bias in most studies was high.

Conclusions
The current state of research provides evidence neither for nor against a specific time of the day being more beneficial, but provides evidence for larger effects when there is congruency between training and testing times. This review provides recommendations to improve the design and execution of future studies on this topic.
Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021246468).
The association of QTc prolongation with cardiovascular events in cancer patients taking tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)
Authors: Ghafary Ismail , Kim Chang-Kyung , Roth Eric , Lu Michael , Taub Erin M. , Lee Susan , Cohen Ira , Lu Zhongju 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between stages of QTc prolongation and the risk of cardiac events among patients on TKIs.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study performed at an academic tertiary care center of cancer patients who were taking TKIs or not taking TKIs. Patients with two recorded ECGs between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019, were selected from an electronic database. The QTc duration > 450ms was determined as prolonged. The association between QTc prolongation progression and events of cardiovascular disease were compared.

Results
This study included a total of 451 patients with 41.2% of patients taking TKIs. During a median follow up period of 3.1 years, 49.5% subjects developed CVD and 5.4% subjects suffered cardiac death in patient using TKIs (n = 186); the corresponding rates are 64.2% and 1.2% for patients not on TKIs (n = 265), respectively. Among patient on TKIs, 4.8% of subjects developed stroke, 20.4% of subjects suffered from heart failure (HF) and 24.2% of subjects had myocardial infarction (MI); corresponding incidence are 6.8%, 26.8% and 30.6% in non-TKIs. When patients were regrouped to TKIs versus non-TKIs with and without diabetes, there was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiac events among all groups. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). There is a significant increased risk of HF events (HR, 95% CI: 2.12, 1.36–3.32) and MI events (HR, 95% CI: 1.78, 1.16–2.73) during the 1st visit. There are also trends for an increased incidence of cardiac adverse events associated with QTc prolongation among patient with QTc > 450ms, however the difference is not statistically significant. Increased cardiac adverse events in patients with QTc prolongation were reproduced during the 2nd visit and the incidence of heart failure was significantly associated with QTc prolongation(HR, 95% CI: 2.94, 1.73-5.0).

Conclusion
There is a significant increased QTc prolongation in patients taking TKIs. QTc prolongation caused by TKIs is associated with an increased risk of cardiac events.
Excitatory amino acids, possible causative agents of nodding syndrome in eastern Africa
Authors: Miyauchi Yasushi , Shiraishi Ayaka , Abe Konami , Sato Yasuaki , Kita Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Nodding syndrome (NS) is one type of epilepsy and a progressive disease characterized by nodding symptoms with children in sub-Saharan Africa. The burden for NS children is heavy, not only mentally but financially for themselves and their families, and yet, the cause and cure of NS remain unknown. The kainic acid-induced model in experimental animals is a well-known epilepsy model that is useful for studying human diseases. In this study, we examined similarities of clinical symptoms and histological brain changes between NS patients and kainic acid-treated rats. In addition, we argued for kainic acid agonist as one of the causes of NS.

Methods
Clinical signs in rats were studied after kainic acid administration, and histological lesions including the expression of tau protein and gliosis, were examined at 24 h, 8 days, and 28 days after dosing.

Results
Kainic acid-induced epileptic symptoms were observed in rats, including nodding accompanied by drooling and bilateral neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and piriform cortex regions. In the regions that exhibited neuronal cell death, an increase in tau protein expression and gliosis were found immunohistochemically. The symptoms and brain histology were similar in the NS and kainic acid-induced rat models.

Conclusion
The results suggest that kainic acid agonist may be one of the causative substances for NS.
Biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic nematodes against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
Authors: Nawab Bushra , Javed Salma 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
The Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the most destructive pests of stored wheat and barley worldwide. The broad practice of insecticides has been connected with insect resistance development coupled with the renaissance treated primary insects, environmental contamination, and toxicity to animals, man and other non-target organisms. These harms have invigorated the usage of alternative methods of managing this insect pest.

Results
For biocontrol potential, four species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) were tested: Steinernema pakistanense PCSIR-10, S. bifurcatum PCSIR-39, S. saimkayai PCSIR-6 and S. abbasi PCSIR-17, against adult and larval stages of Khapra beetle under laboratory conditions. At 250 IJs/ml, S. pakistanense and S. bifurcatum caused 100 and 90% at larval stages and 92 and 89% against adult beetles, respectively.

Conclusion
This study documented that EPNs had a potential to control stored grain pest and could be utilized as alternatives of insecticides, which provide an adequate control of insect pest at postharvest stage, but in future more experiment will be required in commercial storage conditions.
The footprint of large wildfires on the multifunctionality of fire-prone pine ecosystems is driven by the interaction of fire regime attributes
Authors: Fernández-Guisuraga José Manuel , Marcos Elena , Calvo Leonor 
Published: May 2023

AbstractBackgroundMediterranean ecosystems dominated byPinus pinasterAit. (maritime pine) are subject to a shift from fuel-limited to drought-driven fire regimes, characterized by an increasing wildfire extent, recurrence, and severity. Previous studies have not addressed the interacting effects of fire recurrence and severity on the ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) of maritime pine forests, although complex relationships between such fire regime attributes are expected. Here, we evaluated the medium-term effects of fire recurrence and severity on the EMF response of unmanaged, native pine ecosystems dominated byPinus pinasterin the western Mediterranean Basin. We considered four key ecosystem functions computed from functional indicators (carbon regulation, decomposition, soil fertility, and plant production), which were pooled into an EMF construct. The fire regime effects on the trade-offs and synergies between the considered ecosystem functions were also analyzed.ResultsMultiple ecosystem functions responded differentially to fire recurrence and severity. Fire recurrence had a strong effect on soil fertility, decomposition, and plant production functions. No significant effects of fire severity on any of the individual functions were detected. However, both fire regime attributes interacted to determine soil fertility and decomposition functions, suggesting that their performance is only impaired by fire severity when fire recurrence is low. The differing responses to the fire regime attributes among ecosystem functions fostered a significant EMF response to fire severity and its interaction with fire recurrence, indicating that the effect of fire severity on EMF was stronger under low fire recurrence scenarios, even when relationships between individual functions and fire severity were weak. Fire recurrence caused significant trade-offs between functions to emerge. However, these trade-offs were not strong enough to differ significantly from the intrinsic trade-offs (i.e., regardless of the fire regime) of maritime pine ecosystems.ConclusionsOur results indicated the need to use an integrative approach to assess the response of ecosystem functioning to the fire regime in maritime pine ecosystems. Adaptive management responses are necessary towards the minimization of repeated burnings and the reduction of the fuel load in unmanaged maritime pine stands of the western Mediterranean Basin with similar characteristics to those analyzed in this study.
Conceptual design of the optical system of the 6.5m wide field multiplexed survey telescope with excellent image quality
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Jiang Haijiao , Shectman Stephen , Yang Dehua , Cai Zheng , Shi Yong , Huang Song , Lu Lu , Zheng Yamin , Kang Shaonan , Mao Shude , Huang Lei 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAstrophysics and cosmology in the coming decades urgently need a large field-of-view (FOV), highly multiplexed spectroscopic survey telescope satisfying challenging image quality and stability requirements. The 6.5 m MUltiplexed Survey Telescope (MUST) proposed by Tsinghua University will be constructed on the Saishiteng Mountain of Northwest China to improve the spectroscopic survey capability of ground-based optical telescopes. In this paper, we demonstrate the conceptual design of the optical system of MUST. MUST will adopt a 6.5 m primary mirror, a 2.45 m secondary mirror, and a multiple-element widefield corrector (WFC) to ensure excellent image quality with an 80% encircled energy size of image spots less than ~ 0.6 arcsec in diameter for the entire 3° FOV and the whole 50° zenith angle range. Thanks to its compact 6.5 m Ritchey-Chretien system and 20,000 optical fibers on its Cassegrain focus, MUST will carry out state-of-the-art wide-field spectroscopic surveys with efficiency ~ 19 times higher than the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) using a measure proposed by Ellis et al. Upon completion around 2029, MUST will be one of the world's most advanced wide-field spectroscopic survey telescopes and a new essential reference for the future development of wide-field survey telescopes. It will enable significant advances in many fields in astrophysics and cosmology.
Evaluation of the growth, yield traits and the genetic diversity of some Brassica napus genotypes under Egyptian conditions
Authors: Shafey Sanaa , El-Maaty Shereen Abu , El Habbasha S. F. , Elarabi Nagwa I. 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Background
Canola (Brassica napus L.) is considered an alternate oilseed plant. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate some growth parameters, yield, chemical parameters and genetic diversity among thirteen canola genotypes including a collection of Chinese, German, French, and local genotypes under Egyptian conditions.

Result
Trapper genotype recorded the highest values of plant height (47.12 and 89.75 cm) and dry weight/plant (8.54 and 28.19 dry weight/plant) at 60 and 90 days from sowing, respectively. Data from the field experiments showed that significant differences were recorded among tested genotypes for all yield and its component parameters (i.e., plant height (cm), branches/no. plant, siliquas and seed weight (g/plant) and seed oil %. The genetic diversity and the relationships among the thirteen canola genotypes were evaluated utilizing sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and simple-sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. The allelic frequency of the different SRAP and SSR markers tested has differed among the thirteen canola genotypes. The SRAP and SSR analyses showed 659 out of 742 and 15 out of 45 markers, respectively, were detected as polymorphic markers (88.8% and 33.33%) among the tested wheat cultivars In addition, the polymorphism information content (PIC), marker index (MI) and resolving power (RP) parameters were computed to assess the effectiveness of the markers. The results indicated the occurrence of a considerable genetic variation between Chinese, European and Egyptian genotypes.

Conclusion
These markers are of considerable value and can be utilized to screen large canola populations. The results of the comparison between the two molecular markers showed that the most effective marker that showed the genetic diversity between canola genotypes was SRAP (88.8%) polymorphism. It could be concluded that the tested canola genotypes could be cultivated under the Egyptian condition with high performance especially Trapper, Agamax and Topas genotypes. Therefore, it could be suggested that these three genotypes seem to be promising for oil gap reduction and need further evaluation for the expansion under new reclaimed regions.
Effects of Sleep Fragmentation and Estradiol Decline on Cortisol in a Human Experimental Model of Menopause
Authors: Cohn Aviva Y , Grant Leilah K , Nathan Margo D , Wiley Aleta , Abramson Mathena , Harder Jessica A , Crawford Sybil , Klerman Elizabeth B , Scheer Frank A J L , Kaiser Ursula B , Rahman Shadab A , Joffe Hadine 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Context
Perturbations to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been hypothesized to increase postmenopausal cardiometabolic risk. Although sleep disturbance, a known risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, is prevalent during the menopause transition, it is unknown whether menopause-related sleep disturbance and estradiol decline disturb the HPA axis.

Objective
We examined the effect of experimental fragmentation of sleep and suppression of estradiol as a model of menopause on cortisol levels in healthy young women.

Methods
Twenty-two women completed a 5-night inpatient study during the mid-to-late follicular phase (estrogenized). A subset (n = 14) repeated the protocol after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-induced estradiol suppression. Each inpatient study included 2 unfragmented sleep nights followed by 3 experimental sleep fragmentation nights. This study took place with premenopausal women at an academic medical center. Interventions included sleep fragmentation and pharmacological hypoestrogenism, and main outcome measures were serum bedtime cortisol levels and cortisol awakening response (CAR).

Results
Bedtime cortisol increased 27% (P = .03) and CAR decreased 57% (P = .01) following sleep fragmentation compared to unfragmented sleep. Polysomnographic-derived wake after sleep-onset (WASO) was positively associated with bedtime cortisol levels (P = .047) and negatively associated with CAR (P &lt; .01). Bedtime cortisol levels were 22% lower in the hypoestrogenized state compared to the estrogenized state (P = .02), while CAR was similar in both estradiol conditions (P = .38).

Conclusion
Estradiol suppression and modifiable menopause-related sleep fragmentation both independently perturb HPA axis activity. Sleep fragmentation, commonly seen in menopausal women, may disrupt the HPA axis, which in turn may lead to adverse health effects as women age.