bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock Art and Cognitive Archaeology
Authors: Lewis-Williams J. David 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This chapter reviews South African rock art from a cognitive perspective, and from the personal and historical perspective of the author. The author notes that recently there has been a vigorous attempt to bring natural science approaches to southern African rock art archaeology research, such that it transitioned from its earlier perceived position as the amateur’s hobby into a professional’s domain. The author also argues that if Upper Palaeolithic people were fully modern, they must have had the potential to experience altered states of consciousness, intentionally or unintentionally, that would be manifested by their iconography. In the southern African instance, despite widely emphasized egalitarianism, trance experiences set the San shamans apart as people to be respected—even feared—and the same was probably true in the Upper Palaeolithic.
Introduction
Authors: Wynn Thomas , Overmann Karenleigh A. , Coolidge Frederick L. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this introductory essay to The Oxford handbook of cognitive archaeology, the volume editors present and define the field, distinguishing it within the broader discipline as the branch concerned with human cognition and typically adopting cognitive paradigms as the basis for its interpretations. The editors discuss the two main investigatory branches, the Evolutionary Cognitive Archaeology (ECA) that focuses on the evolutionary development of human cognition and the Ideational Cognitive Archaeology (ICA) that focuses on the thoughts and beliefs of ancient societies, along with the emerging 4E (embodied, embedded, extended, and enacted) strand that is concerned with the role of material forms within human cognition. The editors also differentiate cognitive archaeology from disciplines like evolutionary psychology in terms of foundational assumptions, theories, methods, and epistemological orientations. Finally, the editors outline the Handbook’s structure and organization.
Magnetic operators in 2D compact scalar field theories on the lattice
Authors: Abe Motokazu , Morikawa Okuto , Onoda Soma , Suzuki Hiroshi , Tanizaki Yuya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In lattice compact gauge theories, we must impose the admissibility condition to have well-defined topological sectors. The admissibility condition, however, usually forbids the presence of magnetic operators, and it is not so trivial if one can study the physics of magnetic objects that depends on the topological term, such as the Witten effect, on the lattice. In this paper, we address this question in the case of 2D compact scalars as it would be one of the simplest examples having analogues of the monopole and the topological term. To define the magnetic operator, we propose the “excision method,” which consists of excising lattice links (or bonds) in an appropriate region containing the magnetic operator and defining the dual lattice in a particular way. The size of the excised region is O(1) in lattice units so that the magnetic operator becomes point-like in the continuum limit. We give the lattice derivation of the ’t Hooft anomalies between the electric and magnetic symmetries and also derive the higher-group-like structure related to the Witten effect.
Predicting student engagement and mental health issues in the metaverse environment
Authors: Arofah Laelatul , Hanurawan Fattah , Ramli M , Chusniyah Tutut , Hidayah Nur 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The world is buzzing about the metaverse environment. Metaverse provides virtual platforms that provide interactive learning experiences. However, future threats are unavoidable. This threat is related to the lack of interaction that occurs between students, teachers and the wider environment. Even though physical interaction is needed by individuals to maintain mental health.
The Impact of Privileged Classroom Friends on Adult Income and Income Mobility: A Study of a Swedish Cohort Born in 1953
Authors: Gurzo Klara , Östergren Olof , Martikainen Pekka , Modin Bitte 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Social relationships across and within generations are associated with intergenerational income mobility. Parents affect their children’s future opportunities through socialization and by conveying various resources to the child during upbringing. However, self-acquired social contacts of children, such as friendships in school, might also affect long-term outcomes. Children from less privileged homes may gain access to additional resources through contact with privileged friends and their parents. This study examines whether having a classroom friend with high parental income (privileged friend) is associated with upward income mobility. Furthermore, it explores where in the parental income distribution a privileged friend matters most. We use data from the Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study (n = 10,641), which is a prospective study of individuals born in 1953 who lived in the greater Stockholm area in 1963. We fit classroom fixed-effects models to estimate the association between having a privileged childhood friend and adult income as well as parental income and adult income along with the interaction of privileged friend and parental income. Results show that cohort members who had a privileged classroom friend had higher adult income, and that this income gain was greater among those whose parents belonged to the lowest income quartile, compared with those whose parents had higher incomes. These results are robust to adjustments for childhood socioeconomic background, personal attributes, and adult educational attainment. Our findings indicate that having an economically privileged friend in the school class bolsters adult income and upward income mobility of children from families with low income.
Identification of the hub genes in polycystic ovary syndrome based on disease‐associated molecule network
Authors: Wu Yue , Yang Lingping , Wu Xianglu , Wang Lidan , Qi Hongbo , Feng Qian , Peng Bin , Ding Yubin , Tang Jing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRevealing the key genes involved in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and elucidating its pathogenic mechanism is of extreme importance for the development of targeted clinical therapy for PCOS. Investigating disease by integrating several associated and interacting molecules in biological systems will make it possible to discover new pathogenic genes. In this study, an integrative disease‐associated molecule network, combining protein–protein interactions and protein–metabolites interactions (PPMI) network was constructed based on the PCOS‐associated genes and metabolites systematically collected. This new PPMI strategy identified several potential PCOS‐associated genes, which have unreported in previous publications. Moreover, the systematic analysis of five benchmarks data sets indicated the DERL1 was identified as downregulated in PCOS granulosa cell and has good classification performance between PCOS patients and healthy controls. CCR2 and DVL3 were upregulated in PCOS adipose tissues and have good classification performance. The expression of novel gene FXR2 identified in this study is significantly increased in ovarian granulosa cells of PCOS patients compared with controls via quantitative analysis. Our study uncovers substantial differences in the PCOS‐specific tissue and provides a plethora of information on dysregulated genes and metabolites that are linked to PCOS. This knowledgebase could have the potential to benefit the scientific and clinical community. In sum, the identification of novel gene associated with PCOS provides valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of PCOS and could potentially lead to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
FGF homologous factors are secreted from cells to induce FGFR‐mediated anti‐apoptotic response
Authors: Biadun Martyna , Sochacka Martyna , Karelus Radoslaw , Baran Karolina , Czyrek Aleksandra , Otlewski Jacek , Krowarsch Daniel , Opalinski Lukasz , Zakrzewska Malgorzata 
Published: June 2023

AbstractFGF homologous factors (FHFs) are the least described group of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). The FHF subfamily consists of four proteins: FGF11, FGF12, FGF13, and FGF14. Until recently, FHFs were thought to be intracellular, non‐signaling molecules, despite sharing structural and sequence similarities with other members of FGF family that can be secreted and activate cell signaling by interacting with surface receptors. Here, we show that despite lacking a canonical signal peptide for secretion, FHFs are exported to the extracellular space. Furthermore, we propose that their secretion mechanism is similar to the unconventional secretion of FGF2. The secreted FHFs are biologically active and trigger signaling in cells expressing FGF receptors (FGFRs). Using recombinant proteins, we demonstrated their direct binding to FGFR1, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling and the internalization of the FHF‐FGFR1 complex. The effect of receptor activation by FHF proteins is an anti‐apoptotic response of the cell.
Fibrocytes enhance mammary gland fibrosis in obesity
Authors: Kuziel Genevra , Moore Brittney N. , Haugstad Grace P. , Arendt Lisa M. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractObesity rates continue to rise, and obese individuals are at higher risk for multiple types of cancer, including breast cancer. Obese mammary fat is a site of chronic, macrophage‐driven inflammation, which enhances fibrosis within adipose tissue. Elevated fibrosis within the mammary gland may contribute to risk for obesity‐associated breast cancer. To understand how inflammation due to obesity enhanced fibrosis within mammary tissue, we utilized a high‐fat diet model of obesity and elimination of CCR2 signaling in mice to identify changes in immune cell populations and their impact on fibrosis. We observed that obesity increased a population of CD11b+ cells with the ability to form myofibroblast‐like colonies in vitro. This population of CD11b+ cells is consistent with fibrocytes, which have been identified in wound healing and chronic inflammatory diseases but have not been examined in obesity. In CCR2‐null mice, which have limited ability to recruit myeloid lineage cells into obese adipose tissue, we observed reduced mammary fibrosis and diminished fibrocyte colony formation in vitro. Transplantation of myeloid progenitor cells, which are the cells of origin for fibrocytes, into the mammary glands of obese CCR2‐null mice resulted in significantly increased myofibroblast formation. Gene expression analyses of the myeloid progenitor cell population from obese mice demonstrated enrichment for genes associated with collagen biosynthesis and extracellular matrix remodeling. Together these results show that obesity enhances recruitment of fibrocytes to promote obesity‐induced fibrosis in the mammary gland.
Rate of Refracture After Removal of Hardware in Pediatric Femur Fractures
Authors: Siu Jeremy W. , Chan Chloe , Swarup Ishaan , Sabatini Coleen S. 
Published: June 2023

Purpose:
Both flexible intramedullary nails (FINs) and plate osteosynthesis are commonly used for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in pediatric patients. The purpose of this study is to determine the refracture rate after hardware removal in pediatric femur fractures.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study that utilized the Pediatric Health Information System database to determine the number of pediatric patients ages 4 to 10 who underwent surgical fixation of a femur fracture and subsequent hardware removal between the years 2015 and 2019. All patients had a minimum of a 2-year follow-up to assess for refracture. Patients with metabolic bone disease, neuromuscular conditions, bone fragility disorders, nutritional deficiencies, and pathologic fractures were excluded.

Results:
Of the total, 2805 pediatric patients with 2881 femoral shaft fractures who underwent FIN (48.4%), plate fixation (36.1%), splinting/casting (14.9%), or external fixation (0.6%) were included. The mean age of patients with index fracture was 7.2 years (SD, 2.1) and 69% were males. Eight hundred eighty patients (60%) in the FIN group had their hardware removed compared with 693 patients (68%) in the plate fixation group (P = 0.07), at an average of 287 ± 191 days versus 320 ± 203 days (P = 0.03). Refracture occurred in 13 patients (1.5%) who had their hardware retained and in 21 patients (1.4%) who had their hardware removed (P = 0.732). Among 65% of patients who underwent hardware removal, refracture occurred in 7 patients with FIN (0.8%) and 14 patients with plate fixation (2.2%) (P = 0.04). Refracture occurred within 365 days from hardware removal in 1 patient with FIN (0.1%) and 7 patients with plate fixation (1%) (P = 0.01). In logistic regression, patients with FIN fixation had lower odds of refracture after hardware removal compared with plate fixation (adjusted odds ratio: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.15-0.97). Age and payor status did not reach statistical significance in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions:
The rate of refracture after hardware removal for pediatric patients with a femoral shaft fracture was similar between patients with hardware retained and removal. However, patients with FIN had a lower rate of refracture AFTER hardware removal compared with plate fixation. This information can be helpful for advising families regarding the risks of refracture after hardware removal.

Level of Evidence
Level IV—retrospective cohort study.
“A Lot to Offer”: Nurses as Educators for Medical Residents in an Academic Medical Center Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Petri Camille R. , Beltran Christine P. , Russell Kristin , FitzGerald Jacqueline , Sullivan Amy M. , Anandaiah Asha M. 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
The role of fully trained interprofessional clinicians in educating residents has not been rigorously explored. The intensive care unit (ICU), where multiprofessional teamwork is essential to patient care, represents an ideal training environment in which to study this role. This study aimed to describe the practices, perceptions, and attitudes of ICU nurses regarding teaching medical residents and to identify potential targets to facilitate nurse teaching.

Methods:
Using a concurrent mixed-methods approach, we administered surveys and focus groups to ICU nurses from September to November 2019 at a single, urban, tertiary, academic medical center. Survey data were analyzed with descriptive and comparative statistics. Focus group data were analyzed using the Framework method of content analysis.

Results:
Of nurses surveyed, 75 of 96 (78%) responded. Nurses generally held positive attitudes about teaching residents, describing it as both important (52%, 36/69) and enjoyable (64%, 44/69). Nurses reported confidence in both clinical knowledge base (80%, 55/69) and teaching skills (71%, 49/69), but identified time, uncertainty about teaching topics, and trainee receptiveness as potential barriers. Ten nurses participated in focus groups. Qualitative analysis revealed three major themes: nurse-specific factors that impact teaching, the teaching environment, and facilitators of teaching.

Discussion:
ICU nurses carry positive attitudes about teaching residents, particularly when facilitated by the attending, but this enthusiasm can be attenuated by the learning environment, unknown learner needs, and trainee attitudes. Identified facilitators of nurse teaching, including resident presence at the bedside and structured opportunities for teaching, represent potential targets for interventions to promote interprofessional teaching.
Comparison of various prediction models in the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese population 5 years after surgery
Authors: Yu Chengyuan , Wang Liang , Xu Guangzhong , Chen Guanyang , Sang Qing , Wuyun Qiqige , Wang Zheng , Tian Chenxu , Zhang Nengwei 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:
The effect of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) control can be assessed based on predictive models of T2DM remission. Various models have been externally verified internationally. However, long-term validated results after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) surgery are lacking. The best model for the Chinese population is also unknown.

Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed Chinese population data 5 years after LSG at Beijing Shijitan Hospital in China between March 2009 and December 2016. The independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and chi-squared test were used to compare characteristics between T2DM remission and non-remission groups. We evaluated the predictive efficacy of each model for long-term T2DM remission after LSG by calculating the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and predicted-to-observed ratio, and performed calibration using Hosmer–Lemeshow test for 11 prediction models.

Results:
We enrolled 108 patients, including 44 (40.7%) men, with a mean age of 35.5 years. The mean body mass index was 40.3 ± 9.1 kg/m2, the percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) was (75.9 ± 30.4)%, and the percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) was (29.1± 10.6)%. The mean glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was (7.3 ± 1.8)% preoperatively and decreased to (5.9 ± 1.0)% 5 years after LSG. The 5-year postoperative complete and partial remission rates of T2DM were 50.9% [55/108] and 27.8% [30/108], respectively. Six models, i.e., "ABCD", individualized metabolic surgery (IMS), advanced-DiaRem, DiaBetter, Dixon et al's regression model, and Panunzi et al's regression model, showed a good discrimination ability (all AUC >0.8). The "ABCD" (sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 80%; AUC, 0.82 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74–0.89]), IMS (sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 84%; AUC, 0.82 [95% CI: 0.73–0.89]), and Panunzi et al's regression models (sensitivity, 78%; specificity, 91%; AUC, 0.86 [95% CI: 0.78–0.92]) showed good discernibility. In the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, except for DiaRem (P <0.01), DiaBetter (P <0.01), Hayes et al (P = 0.03), Park et al (P = 0.02), and Ramos-Levi et al's (P <0.01) models, all models had a satifactory fit results (P >0.05). The P values of calibration results of the "ABCD" and IMS were 0.07 and 0.14, respectively. The predicted-to-observed ratios of the "ABCD" and IMS were 0.87 and 0.89, respectively.

Conclusion:
The prediction model IMS was recommended for clinical use because of excellent predictive performance, good statistical test results, and simple and practical design features.
Nanotherapeutics for the Myocardium: A Potential Alternative for Treating Cardiac Diseases
Authors: Kar Abhik , Gupta Soumyadeep , Matilal Arkapravo , Kumar Debaditya , Sarkar Sagartirtha 
Published: June 2023

Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current clinical interventions include invasive approaches for progressed conditions and pharmacological assistance for initial stages, which has systemic side effects. Preventive, curative, diagnostic, and theranostic (therapeutic + diagnostic) approaches till date are not very useful in combating the ongoing CVD epidemic, which demands a promising efficient alternative approach. To combat the growing CVD outbreak globally, the ideal strategy is to make the therapeutic intervention least invasive and direct to the heart to reduce the bystander effects on other organs and increase the bioavailability of the therapeutics to the myocardium. The application of nanoscience and nanoparticle-mediated approaches have gained a lot of momentum because of their efficient passive and active myocardium targeting capability owing to their improved specificity and controlled release. This review provides extensive insight into the various types of nanoparticles available for CVDs, their mechanisms of targeting (eg, direct or indirect), and the utmost need for further development of bench-to-bedside cardiac tissue–based nanomedicines. Furthermore, the review aims to summarize the different ideas and methods of nanoparticle-mediated therapeutic approaches to the myocardium till date with present clinical trials and future perspectives. This review also reflects the potential of such nanoparticle-mediated tissue-targeted therapies to contribute to the sustainable development goals of good health and well-being.
Innsbruck-style Retromandibular Anterior Trans-parotid Approach for Condylar Fractures: A Retrospective Review of 39 Fractures
Authors: Sasaki Ryo , Watanabe Yorikatsu , Miyamoto Noriko Sangu , Agawa Kaori , Okamoto Toshihiro 
Published: June 2023

Background:The retromandibular anterior trans-parotid (RAT) approach and a triangular-positioned double mini-plate osteosynthesis (TDO) technique have been reported from Innsbruck Medical University. This minimally invasive technique involves direct visualization of the condyle and is associated with lower incidence of facial palsy.Methods:A retrospective review was performed on the RAT approach and TDO technique conducted by a surgeon and team at two hospitals in Tokyo during a period of 3 years and 10 months.Results:This technique was performed on 35 patients with 39 condylar fractures. Sixty-nine percent of cases were due to accidental fall, 17% to traffic accidents, and 9% to sports. Furthermore, 92% cases were condylar base fractures. Nighty-seven percent of cases achieved good occlusion. The mean maximum mouth opening was 49 ± 1.3 mm. Postoperatively, facial palsy developed in three patients (7.7%), and two of them developed Frey syndrome at approximately 2.5 years postoperatively (5.1%). All patients completely recovered within 3 months postoperatively. One case each of salivary fistula, visible scar, and condylar resorption was found (2.6%). No case of massive bleeding during surgery, hematoma, or TMJ pain after surgery was found.Conclusion:This technique could achieve good occlusion with low incidence of complications and could contribute to early social reintegration among patients.
Productivity Loss of Temporary Work Absenteeism Due to COVID-19 and Its Determinant Factors in Northeastern Iran
Authors: Keyvanlo Zahra , Javan-Noughabi Javad , Heidari Jamebozorgi Majid , Kargar Mohammad , Samadipour Ezat 
Published: June 2023

ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the lost productivity cost of temporary work absenteeism due to COVID-19.MethodsThis study conducted on all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in northeastern Iran between February 2020 and March 2022 (10,406 cases). Data were collected from the Hospital Information System. Indirect costs were estimated using the human capital approach. Data were analyzed with the STATA version 17.ResultsThe total indirect cost of work absenteeism due to COVID-19 was estimated at $513,688. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mean lost productivity cost and COVID-19 peak, sex, insurance type, age, and hospitalization.ConclusionsBecause the absenteeism costs of COVID-19 had increased in the second peak, which coincided with the summer holidays, the country’s crisis management headquarters should pay more attention to formulating and implementing appropriate preventive programs in future epidemics.