bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nivolumab and Relatlimab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma That Had Progressed on Anti–Programmed Death-1/Programmed Death Ligand 1 Therapy: Results From the Phase I/IIa RELATIVITY-020 Trial
Authors: Ascierto Paolo Antonio , Lipson Evan J. , Dummer Reinhard , Larkin James , Long Georgina V. , Sanborn Rachel E. , Chiarion-Sileni Vanna , Dréno Brigitte , Dalle Stéphane , Schadendorf Dirk , Callahan Margaret K. , Nyakas Marta , Atkinson Victoria , Gomez-Roca Carlos Alberto , Yamazaki Naoya , Tawbi Hussein A. , Sarkis Naomey , Warad Deepti , Dolfi Sonia , Mitra Priyam , Suryawanshi Satyendra , Grob Jean-Jacques 
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE Nivolumab and relatlimab activity in advanced melanoma with prior progression on anti–programmed death-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-(L)1)-containing regimens is under investigation. RELATIVITY-047 demonstrated significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) for nivolumab and relatlimab over nivolumab in previously untreated advanced melanoma. METHODS The phase I/IIa, open-label RELATIVITY-020 trial part D assessed efficacy and safety of nivolumab and relatlimab in advanced melanoma with progression during, or within 3 months of, 1 (D1) or ≥ 1 (D2) anti–PD-(L)1-containing regimens. Safety was a primary end point. Objective response rate (coprimary end point) and PFS by blinded independent central review (BICR) were assessed. RESULTS Five hundred eighteen patients (D1 = 354; D2 = 164) received nivolumab and relatlimab. Among evaluable patients, the objective response rate by BICR was 12.0% (95% CI, 8.8 to 15.8) in D1 (n = 351) and 9.2% (95% CI, 5.2 to 14.7) in D2 (n = 163). Responses appeared to be enriched among patients with tumors expressing programmed death ligand 1 or lymphocyte activation gene 3; however, responses were observed regardless of programmed death ligand 1 and lymphocyte activation gene 3 expression (1%). The median duration of response was not reached (95% CI, 12.9 to not reached) in D1 and 12.8 months (95% CI, 6.9 to 12.9) in D2. The median PFS by BICR was 2.1 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 3.5) in D1 and 3.2 months (95% CI, 1.9 to 3.6) in D2; the 6-month PFS rate was 29.1% (95% CI, 24.2 to 34.1) and 27.7% (95% CI, 20.5 to 35.4), respectively. The grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse event incidence was 15.0% in D1 and 12.8% in D2. One case of grade 3 myocarditis and no treatment-related deaths occurred across part D. CONCLUSION Nivolumab and relatlimab had a manageable safety profile and demonstrated durable clinical activity in a proportion of patients with heavily pretreated advanced melanoma with prior progression on anti–PD-(L)1-containing regimens. [Media: see text]
Modification of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of cylindrical symmetric black hole by Lorentz breaking theory
Authors: Li Ran , Yu Zi-Han , Yang Shu-Zheng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
According to Lorentz breaking theory, WKB approximation theory, quantum tunneling radiation theory and the beyond semi-classical theory, the fermions dynamic equation in the space-time of a cylindrical symmetric black hole is modified more accurately. On this basis, the characteristics of the quantum tunneling radiation of such black holes and the new expressions of the modified temperature and Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the black hole are studied. A series of results obtained in this paper are discussed in depth.
Introduction: “The First Duty of Grown, Thinking People”
Authors: Perl Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn this piece, the editor of Common Knowledge introduces a long-term project titled “Antipolitics: Symposium in Memory of György Konrád.” Konrád, who died in 2019, was a founding member of the Common Knowledge editorial board, and the symposium is meant to find present-day applications for the arguments of his book Antipolitics, published in 1982 in Hungarian. Although written under Cold War conditions and to that extent dated, the book is directed against politics and politicians as such: “What Machiavelli's Prince is to would-be rulers, Antipolitics should be for those resistant to being ruled — a treasury of axioms and apothegms,” which this editorial collects, updates, and analyzes. Given that democratic systems and constitutions are “open and subject to further development,” Konrád urges us to devise and run experiments in governance that apply “creative imagination” to problems that, in better times, we might leave to politicians to resolve. “The crisis for democracy today,” Perl argues, “is that bad government (as Konrád, Václav Havel, and Adam Michnik defined it in the 1980s) appears to be what various electorates crave and therefore choose.” Realizing that elections produce, as Aristotle said, oligarchy rather than democracy, we should rethink majority rule and experiment with sortition as a counterpolitical means of self-government.
What Do Jokes Reveal about Trust in Ming Work Relations?
Authors: Schneewind Sarah 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis article looks at jokes in a collection dating to about 1610 from the perspective of occupational sociology of the Chicago school. Sociological concepts such as technique, object of technique, and guilty knowledge suggest aspects of the lives of ordinary people who are harder to find in the historical record than the educated elite. The jokes illuminate some of the tensions in the careers of metalworkers, vendors, carpenters, actors, transport workers, barbers, couriers, pawnbrokers, and gatekeepers to suggest further avenues for historical research. Trust emerges as a complex issue. The professional relations suggest a more plebian, but not simple, outlook on the fundamental Confucian value of trustworthiness.
Development and validation mental training model: Mental Toughness Training Circle (MTTC)
Authors: . Sutoro , Guntoro Tri Setyo , Putra Miftah Fariz Prima 
Published: February 2023

Background: A systematic and comprehensive mental training program to enhance athletes’ mental toughness is critical. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a set of athletes’ systematic mental training programs. Methods: A mental toughness training program was developed, and the validity and reliability were tested on experts, practitioners, and athletes. Training program was analyzed using content validity index (I-CVI and S-CVI) and modified Kappa (k*). Furthermore, estimation of reliability of mental training model was analyzed by internal consistency approach with Cronbach’s alpha and inter-rater reliability (IRR) approach by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Result: A mental toughness training circle (MTTC) was successfully developed with four sections: general preparatory, specific preparatory, precompetitive, and competitive with 11 mental skills (positive thinking, mental log, goal-setting, breathing, relaxation, concentration, self-talk, mental imagery, leadership, managing anxiety, and managing emotions). Validation assessment found that the I-CVI and S-CVI values (S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA) were 1.00, each suggesting excellent content validity. The modified Kappa value (k*) was 1 and categorized as excellent. The results of the reliability test using Cronbach's alpha showed that a value was in the range 0.723 to 0.835 with an overall value of 0.803. The results of the ICC analysis also confirmed that MTTC had a very high reliability coefficient value of 0.803. In addition, there was no significant difference from respondents’ assessment as proved by obtaining value of F=0.754 with a p=0.644 (>0.05). This suggested that respondents tend to be consistent in assessing MTTC as a mental training set which was categorized as relevant (scale 3) or very relevant (scale 4). Conclusion: MTTC which has four sections with 11 mental skills is a set of mental training programs that have high quality. Further studies to validate this program in a bigger sample size is required.
Study of the hydraulic correlation in the removal of pollutants from synthetic wastewater by means of a filter with Musa Paradisiaca
Authors: Mendoza Benito , Barrazueta Rojas Sandra Gabriela , Pacheco Cunduri Mayra Alejandra , Andrade Albán María José , Aucancela Elvis 
Published: February 2023

Background: The objective of this work was to decontaminate synthetic sewage from fouracid blue (BRL) dye, with characteristics similar to those of the textile industry, to determine the correlation between flow rate, permeability and removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr+ 6), Cupper (Cu), chemical oxygen demand COD and color using Paradise Muse filter bed. Methods: three concentrations of BRL synthetic wastewater were prepared, determining the initial concentrations of Color, pH, COD, Cr +6 and Cu. In addition, the hydraulic characteristics of the fiber were determined in four types of fiber cut. The synthetic wastewater was filtered in a filtration cell with the three fiber cuts, using three speeds, the time used for these tests was 180 minutes. Water samples were collected every 5 minutes and then analyzed in the laboratory. Simple exponential smoothing was performed on the data obtained, and the statistical analysis of variance ANOVA of 2 factors. Results: The results show that flow velocity and permeability are correlated with color removal, COD and Cr+ 6, determining that the best treatment was to use 1 cm fiber and high flow velocity in which 77.92% and 70.01% for color and COD respectively. In contrast, for Cr+ 6 the best treatment was fiber at 1 cm and low flow velocity removing up to 80% of the concentration of this contaminant and for Cu the best treatment was fiber at 3 cm and low flow velocity removing up to 88.69%. Conclusions: It was determined that the Musa Pardisiaca fiber is capable of absorbing contaminants, but the effectiveness of the treatment depends on the initial conditions of the synthetic water, the cut of the fiber and the velocity. In addition, it is important to mention that, in order to lower heavy metal concentrations, low flow rates should be used.
Lithium niobate thin film grating couplers optimized by particle swarm optimization and a neural network
Authors: Kang Shuting , Gao Feng , Yu Xuanyi , Bo Fang , Zhang Guoquan , Xu Jingjun 
Published: February 2023

Grating couplers (GCs) are a kind of critical device for integrated photonics, which connect on- and off-chip devices. In this paper, chirped GCs on Z-cut lithium niobate on insulator were designed and optimized using a backward propagation neural network (BPNN) combined with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The BPNN was proposed to predict the coupling efficiency (CE) of chirped GCs at hundreds of wavelengths simultaneously, which is 7400 times faster than finite difference time domain simulation. Furthermore, PSO was employed to search for the GC structures with high CE. The maximum CE that can be optimized through our trained network reaches 63% in 1550 nm. This work provides a fast and accurate method for designing efficient GCs at any central wavelength.
Optical tweezers throw and catch single atoms
Authors: Hwang Hansub , Byun Andrew , Park Juyoung , de Léséleuc Sylvain , Ahn Jaewook 
Published: February 2023

Single atoms movable from one place to another would enable a flying quantum memory that can be useful for dynamic quantum computing architectures. Guided atoms, e.g., by optical tweezers, provide a partial solution, but the benefit of flying qubits could be lost if they still interact with the guiding means. Here we propose and experimentally demonstrate freely flying atoms that are not guided but instead thrown and caught by optical tweezers. We provide a set of proof-of-principle flying atom demonstrations, which include atom transport through optical tweezers, atom arrangements by flying atoms, and atom scattering off optical tweezers. In experiments, cold rubidium atoms at 40 µK temperature are thrown by accelerating optical tweezers, freely fly with up to a speed of 0.65 m/s and free-flying distance of 4.2 µm, and are recaptured and stopped by decelerating optical tweezers at a transportation efficiency of 94(3)%. Flying atoms suggest possible applications such as defect correction in a tweezer trap atom array, fast atom-array formation, Rydberg-atom collision studies, and dynamic quantum computing architectures.
Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis felineus liver flukes affect mammalian host microbiome in a species-specific manner
Authors: Pakharukova Maria Y. , Lishai Ekaterina A. , Zaparina Oxana , Baginskaya Nina V. , Hong Sung-Jong , Sripa Banchob , Mordvinov Viatcheslav A. 
Published: February 2023

BackgroundOpisthorchis felineus,Opisthorchis viverriniandClonorchis sinensisare epidemiologically significant food-borne trematodes endemic to diverse climatic areas.O.viverriniandC.sinensisare both recognized to be 1A group of biological carcinogens to human, whereasO.felineusis not. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis by the liver flukes are studied fragmentarily, the role of host and parasite microbiome is an unexplored aspect.Methodology/Principal findingsSpecific pathogen freeMesocricetus auratushamsters were infected withC.sinensis,O.viverriniandO.felineus. The microbiota of the adult worms, colon feces and bile from the hamsters was investigated using Illumina-based sequencing targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. The analysis of 43 libraries revealed 18,830,015 sequences, the bacterial super-kingdom, 16 different phyla, 39 classes, 63 orders, 107 families, 187 genera-level phylotypes.O.viverrini, a fluke with the most pronounced carcinogenic potential, has the strongest impact on the host bile microbiome, changing the abundance of 92 features, including Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, [Paraprevotellaceae], Acetobacteraceae, Coriobacteraceae and Corynebacteriaceae bacterial species. All three infections significantly increased Enterobacteriaceae abundance in host bile, reduced the level of commensal bacteria in the gut microbiome (Parabacteroides,Roseburia, andAF12).Conclusions/SignificanceO.felineus,O.viverrini, andC.sinensisinfections cause both general and species-specific qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of microbiota of bile and colon feces of experimental animals infected with these trematodes. The alterations primarily concern the abundance of individual features and the phylogenetic diversity of microbiomes of infected hamsters.
Prevalence of HIV seropositive status and associated factors among family members of index cases of antiretroviral clinical attendants in Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Kefale Alemayehu , Daka Kassa , Abebe Amene , Haile Dereje , Paulos Kebreab , Sherfa Abdulbasit , Addis Animut , Gunta Muluken , Ayza Asaminew , Wolde Jegnaw 
Published: February 2023

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus is primarily transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner and babies born to mothers infected with the virus. Partners of people living with HIV and children whose parents have HIV are at higher risk of contracting HIV unless they take preventive measures. This study aimed at identifying prevalence and determinants of HIV infection among family members of index cases on antiretroviral treatment (ART).

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 623 randomly selected family members of HIV index cases in Sodo Town from February to June 2021. A pre-tested structural questionnaire was used to collect data. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables independently associated with the outcome variable. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to show the strength of association, and a P-value 0.05 was used as a cut-off point to determine the level of statistical significance of point estimate.

Results
This study revealed that 31.5% (95%CI: 27.6–35.2%) of family members of index cases were HIV seropositive. In subgroup analysis, this study also revealed that 11.1% (95%CI 8.4–14.5%) of biological children and 69.6% (95%CI 63.1–75.6%) of spousal partners of index cases were HIV seropositive. Immediate ART initiation of index cases (AOR = 0.148, 95%CI: 0.067–0.325), being bedridden or ambulatory functional status at enrollment (AOR = 7.71, 95%CI: 3.5–17), and baseline CD4 level of 350 cells/ml (AOR = 8.06, 95%CI: 1.8–36) were statistically significant with the outcome variable among biological children. Among spousal partners, STI history or symptoms (AOR = 5.7, 95%CI: 1.86–17.5), early disclosure (AOR = 0.062, 95%CI: 0.024–0.159), immediate ART initiation (AOR = 0.172, 95%CI: 0.044–0.675), and duration of infection (AOR = 5.09, 95%CI: 1.8–14.4) were statistically associated with the outcome variable.

Conclusion
As evidenced by our data, the risk of HIV among family members of index cases is high. Interventions like immediate ART initiation, early disclosure, screening, and early treatment of STIs for minimizing HIV transmission might be given.
Dose-response relationship between diarrhea quantity and mortality in critical care patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamamoto Ryohei , Yamazaki Hajime , Yamamoto Shungo , Ueta Yuna , Ueno Ryo , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: February 2023

Background
Previous studies have shown that diarrhea, defined as a dichotomized cutoff, is associated with increased mortality of patients in intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to examine the dose-response relationship between the quantity of diarrhea and mortality in ICU patients with newly developed diarrhea.

Methods
We conducted this single-center retrospective cohort study. We consecutively included all adult patients with newly developed diarrhea in the ICU between January 2017 and December 2018. Newly developed diarrhea was defined according to the World Health Organization definition. The consistency of diarrhea was evaluated by the Bristol stool chart scale, and the quantity of diarrhea was assessed on the day when patients newly developed diarrhea. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between diarrhea quantity and mortality were estimated using multivariable modified Poisson regression models.

Results
Among the 231 participants, 68.4% were men; the median age was 72 years. The median diarrhea quantity was 401g (interquartile range [IQR] 230‒645g), and in-hospital mortality was 22.9%. More diarrhea at baseline was associated with higher in-hospital mortality; the adjusted RR (95% CI) per 200-g increase was 1.10 (1.01‒1.20), p = 0.029. In sensitivity analyses with near quartile categories of diarrhea quantity (<250g, 250–399g, 400–649g, ≥650g), the adjusted RRs for each respective category were 1.00 (reference), 1.02 (0.51–2.04), 1.29 (0.69–2.43), and 1.77 (0.99–3.21), p for trend = 0.033.

Conclusions
A greater quantity of diarrhea was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. The diarrhea quantity may be an indicator of disease severity in ICU patients.
Effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching in relieving pain and balancing knee loading during stepping over obstacles among older adults with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Bo , Li Li , Shen Peixin , Zhou Zhipeng , Xu Peiming , Sun Wei , Zhang Cui , Song Qipeng 
Published: February 2023

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an 8-week proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching in relieving pain and balancing knee loading during stepping over obstacles among older people with knee osteoarthritis, and further explore the improvements in gait patterns.

Design
Thirty-two older adults (66~72 years) with KOA were recruited and randomly assigned into PNF or control groups. They received PNF stretching or health lecture series for 8 weeks. Final data analyses were conducted among 13 participants in the PNF and 14 in the control groups. At weeks 0 and 9, they were asked to step over an obstacle of 20% of their leg length. The pain scores and knee abduction moment (KAM) (primary outcomes) were analyzed by multivariate ANOVA, and the gait variables (secondary outcomes) were analyzed by two-way (group by pre-/post) ANOVAs with repeated measures.

Results
Significant interactions were detected in the pain score, first and second peaks of KAM, and crossing velocity during stepping over obstacles, and significant between-group differences of these outcomes were detected at week 9.

Conclusion
An 8-week PNF stretching could relieve pain and balance loading between knee compartments, as well as increase crossing velocity during stepping over obstacles.

Trial registration
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100042278.
Clinical and radiological effects of Corticosteroid injection combined with deep transverse friction massage and Mill’s manipulation in lateral epicondylalgia–A prospective, randomized, single-blinded, sham controlled trial
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Alghadier Mshari , Verma Anju , Aldhafian Osama R. , Alshahrani Naif N. , Saleh Ayman K. , Omar Mohamed A. , Hassan Tohamy G. T. , Ibrahim Mohamed Nagah Ahmed , El Behairy Hassan Fathy 
Published: February 2023

Background
The knowledge about the effective implementation of corticosteroid injection (CS) with deep transverse friction massage (DTFM) and Mill’s manipulation (MM) on clinical and radiological changes (Magnetic resonance imaging—MRI and Ultra sound) in lateral epicondylalgia (LE) is lacking. Therefore, the objective of this study is proposed to find and compare the effects of corticosteroid injection (CS) DTFM and Mill’s manipulation on clinical and radiological changes in lateral epicondylalgia.

Design, setting, participants
Randomized, single-blinded, controlled study was conducted on 60 LE participants at university hospital. The active MM group (n = 30) received corticosteroid injection with DTFM and active Mill’s manipulation (MM) three sessions a week for 4 weeks and the sham MM group received corticosteroid injection with sham manipulation. The primary outcome was pain intensity, measured with the visual analog scale. The other outcome measures were percentage of injury measured by MRI and ultrasound, functional disability, handgrip strength, patient perception, kinesiophobia, depression status and quality of life which were measured at 4 weeks, 8weeks and at 6 months follow up.

Results
The between-group difference in pain intensity at 4 weeks was 1.6 (CI 95% 0.97 to 2.22), which shows improvement in the active group than sham group. The similar effects have been noted after 8 weeks and at 6 months 2.0 (CI 95% 1.66 to 2.33) follow up in pain intensity. Similar improvements were also found on percentage of injury, functional disability, handgrip strength, patient perception, kinesiophobia, depression status and quality of life (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Corticosteroid injection with DTFM and Mill’s manipulation was superior to sham group for improving pain, percentage of injury, functional disability, handgrip strength, patient perception, kinesiophobia, depression status and quality of life in people with lateral epicondylalgia.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration: CTRI/2020/05/025135 trial registered prospectively on 12/05/2020. https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=CTRI/2020/05/025135.