bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of emergency admissions and associated factors among children admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Retrospective Cross- sectional study
Authors: Asinakew Tsegaye , Habte Teshome , Murugan Rajalakshmi 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: - Pediatric emergency condition is a life-threatening process that, without timely and standard clinical intervention, may lead to death. Therefore, it requires proper emergency care as it is the only option of management to save a life. The purpose of this study is to assess outcomes of emergency admissions and associated factors among children admitted to the pediatric emergency of selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2022.
Methods and materials: -An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted on children admitted emergency unit/ward from January 02, 2020, to January 08, 2022, in the emergency unit of randomly selected public hospitals. Data were extracted with the prepared checklists from February 1 to March 1 2022 for a total sample of 303 admitted children charts calculated using simple population proportion formula. The collected data were entered and cleaned using SPSS version 23 for analysis of bivariate logistic regression used to check the association of variables.
Result: A total of 303 admitted children’s charts were reviewed with 100% coverage and the mean age of children was 37.47 months and male to female ratio was 1.16:1. The study revealed that the most common causes of emergency admission were pneumonia (22.4%), surgical emergencies (14.5%) late-onset sepsis (9.2%) respectively. More than half (53.8%) of children were admitted to Pediatric Emergency Department for less than 24 hours and the mean length of stay was 2 days. 39.6% of children were discharged with clinical improvement. Known comorbidity (AOR=4.65, 95% CI (1.23-17.64)), fluid treatment (AOR=0.14, 95% CI (0.02-0.93)), and length of stay less than 24 hours (AOR=4.2, 95% CI (1.2-14.7)) were strongly associated with the outcome.
Conclusion: - pneumonia is still the most common cause of pediatric emergency admission and the mortality rate of children at the Pediatric Emergency Department is high, known comorbidity, and length of stay less than 24 hours in the emergency department had a significant association with mortality. FMOH and Policymakers recommended developing national pediatric emergency care guidelines for standard management and timely intervention, providing skill gap training through technology support for healthcare workers and parents should be informed on the use of early case detection and management.
Design of TCM detection information platform based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ma Huixia , Yu Rongxia , Chen Ying 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and plays an important role in China's social development. With the continuous improvement of living standards and the development of medical technology, people put forward higher and higher requirements for medical level. This paper uses artificial intelligence technology to design an intelligent platform for traditional Chinese medicine detection information. The design goal is to solve the problems of uneven distribution of medical resources, residents' difficulties in seeking medical treatment, and limited medical resources in China. The system adopts BP network algorithm. Through simulation experiments, it can be seen that the BP neural network structure and relevant parameters adopted by the system for TCM diagnosis and treatment are reasonable and can meet the requirements of target accuracy. The design of this system is divided into three subsystems according to functions, namely, the Chinese medicine management subsystem, the patient information management subsystem, and the user information management subsystem. By using artificial intelligence technology, the system helps doctors identify and diagnose disease information, complete information detection, and record and manage relevant information of patients. By saving and accumulating diagnosis and treatment knowledge, the system can deal with different conditions, effectively reduce consultation time and improve doctors' work efficiency. The design of this platform has been tested and evaluated repeatedly, and the test process has been recorded and iterated, so as to ensure the stable and trouble free operation of the system. This paper designs an effective TCM detection information platform by using artificial intelligence technology.
Caregivers’ experiences of the Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) process from detection to intervention in South Africa
Authors: Maluleke Ntsako , Khoza-Shangase Katijah , Kanji Amisha 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
As the implementation of early hearing detection and intervention services (EHDI) in many countries gathers pace, attention is shifting from arguments for universal newborn hearing screening and subsequent early intervention to closely focus on the evaluation of the practice and process of EHDI programs. However, there are very few studies within the South African context that have focused on caregivers’ own accounts of how they experience the EHDI process for their child with hearing impairment.
Methods
The study aimed to describe caregivers’ experience of the EHDI process from detection to intervention, within the South African context. Narrative interviews were conducted in-person, telephonically or via videoconferencing with nine caregivers of children with hearing impairment. The interview data was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Three key themes emerged from the interview data: a) caregivers experienced denied timely access through healthcare workers’ dismissal of their concerns; not being referred to audiologists timeously; receiving fragmented services; receiving services far from where they live; the cost of EHDI services; and through the use of English as a medium of communication for all EHDI services; b) participants’ experience of support services was deemed not to be sufficient due to lack of awareness of hearing impairment and EHDI; limited family counselling; lack of available Sign Language training; and constrained financial support; and c) caregivers expressed appreciation of EHDI services due to observed language development of their child; their child’s academic performance; and their interaction with EHDI team members.
Conclusion
Current findings revealed limited availability, affordability and accessibility of EHDI services in the South African context and raise significant implications for clinical practice, policy implementation and advocacy within the departments of health, social development, and basic education in this country. These findings also highlight the need for economic evaluation of EHDI programs, where EHDI is placed on the political advocacy and resource allocation agenda; and widespread implementation of FC-EHDI, within this context.
Clinical and Biological Significances of LINC01940 in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Wu Menglong , Gao Hanxu , Chen Shun , Hu Yilin , Zhang Guangze , Li Ming , Zhao Jun 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: In recent years, long-chain non-coding RNA has attracted wide attention. In addition to playing a significant role in the genesis of cancer, it is also involved in numerous biological functions. This article aims to explore the influence of LIINC01940 on the prognosis of gastric cancer and provide new insights into it.
Methods: The expression of LINC01940 in STAD and its relationship to patients' prognoses for gastric cancer were investigated using the TCGA database. The link between LINC01940 expression and STAD patient stage was investigated. GEO, KEGG, and GSEA were used to analyze their functional differences and related enrichment pathways. The immunological correlates score was determined using immunoinfiltration analysis. Furthermore assessed was the connection between STAD patients' LINC01940 expression and medication susceptibility. And verified by in vitro experiments.
Results: LINC01940 was highly expressed in STAD, and the same results were obtained by PCR. Survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves found that the STAD patients with high levels of LINC01940 had a poor prognosis. And LINC01940 was an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of STAD. Furthermore, the expression of LINC01940 is correlated with T-stage. KEGG showed that LINC01940 was related to processes of metabolic biology and GSEA was enriched for calcium signaling pathway, etc. There are strong associations between LINC01940 and the tumor immune microenvironment, as well as a negative relationship between it and the sensitivity of various anticancer drugs. LINC01940 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
Conclusion: LINC01940 is overexpressed in STAD, and it is a crucial element in the progression and development of gastric cancer.
Identification of miR-151a as a novel endogenous control for small extracellular vesicle cargo normalization in human cancer
Authors: Burdiel Miranda , Jimenez Julia , Rodriguez-Antolin Carlos , Garcia-Guede Alvaro , Pernia Olga , Sastre Ana , Rosas-Alonso Rocio , Colmenarejo Julian , Rodriguez-Jiménez Carmen , Diestro Maria Dolores , Martinez-Marin Virginia , Higuera Oliver , Cruz Patricia , Losantos-Garcia Itsaso , Vera Olga , Peinado Hector , de Castrro Javier , de Caceres Inmaculada Ibañez 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background: Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in the blood of cancer patients contain higher amounts of tumor markers than those identified as free-circulating. miRNAs have significant biomedical relevance due to their high stability and feasible detection. However, there is no reliable endogenous control available to measure sEVs-miRNA content, impairing the acquisition of standardized consistent measurements in cancer liquid biopsy.
Results: In this study, we identified three miRNAs from a panel of nine potential normalizers that emerged from a comprehensive analysis comparing the sEV-miRNA profile of six lung and ovarian human cancer cell lines in the absence of or under different conditions of chemotherapy. Their relevance as normalizers was tested in 26 additional human cancer cell lines from nine different tumor types undergoing chemotherapy or radiotherapy treatment. The validation cohort was comprised of 172 prospective plasma and ascitic fluid samples from three different human tumor types. Variability and normalization properties were tested in comparison to miR-16, the most used control to normalize free-circulating miRNAs in plasma.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that miR-151a is consistently represented in small extracellular vesicles with minimal variability compared to miR-16, providing a novel normalizer to measure small extracellular vesicle miRNA content that will benefit liquid biopsy in cancer patients.
Experimental investigation into the shift of GDI sprays towards nearby walls via the Coanda effect using detailed shadow imaging, particle and structure image velocimetry
Authors: Leick Philippe , Bartole Kevin 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In gasoline engines with direct injection, fuel deposition on the walls that immediately follow the injector bore can lead to increased particulate and hydrocarbon emissions if the liquid does not fully evaporate before the beginning of combustion. Apart from surface wetting, this “injector pocket” region can also indirectly affect engine performance: although the details are poorly understood, it is well known that walls block air entrainment into sprays and thus can change spray characteristics. Hence, this study investigates the influence of the injector pocket on the spray shape quantitatively by using a methodical series of tests.
The present work analyzes the changes of spray geometry caused by nearby walls using high speed shadowgraphy in an optically accessible pressure chamber. Furthermore, Fluorescent Particle Image Velocimetry and Structural Image Velocimetry are used to investigate the air entrainment, which lies at the origin of the interaction between the spray and nearby walls.
A flexible experimental setup with generic, quasi-two-dimensional injector pockts was designed, providing excellent optical access to the complete spray. Due to the Coanda˘ effect, the gasoline spray tilts towards the walls by about 5°. The injector pocket restricts the entrainment of air at the spray periphery. Instead of the perpendicular flow into the spray that characterizes air motion around an undisturbed spray, a flow of opposite direction to the spray and parallel to the injector pocket outline is observed. Since air entrainment carries momentum into the spray, the change in air flow explains the observed changes of the spray direction. Similar effects are observed for different two-dimensional injector pocket outlines, and also for a geometry which was extracted from a series engine and combined with the matching series injector. However, once the distance between injector axis and wall exceeds 6 mm, the magnitude of the deflection of the spray towards the wall becomes very small and tends to disappear at a distance of roughly 10 mm.
At low back pressure, the deflection of the spray towards the walls is somewhat stronger since the drastically with fuel temperature and pressure, the shift of spray direction due to the injector pocket remains relatively independent of fuel temperature and injection pressure, at least within the range that usually occurs in gasoline engines. At low distances from the injector axis, significant wetting of the injector pocket surface and stripping of large, slow droplets from the wall film is observed for the generic models that allow optical access to the edge of the wall.
Morphological and genetic variability in cosmopolitan tardigrade species - Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi Schill, Förster, Dandekar &amp; Wolf, 2010
Authors: Kayastha Pushpalata , Szydło Wiktoria , Mioduchowska Monika , Kaczmarek Łukasz 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Paramacrobiotus fairbanksi was described from Alaska (USA) based on integrative taxonomy and later reported from various geographical locations making it a true cosmopolitan species. Hypothesis ‘Everything is Everywhere’ (EiE) assumes that microscopic organisms have unique features which help them to inhabit many different environments and they can be considered cosmopolitan. In present work we report four new populations Pam. fairbanksi from Northern Hemisphere which suggest that ‘EiE’ hypothesis is true, at least for some tardigrade species. We also compared all known populations of Pam. fairbanksi at the genetic and morphological levels. The p-distances between COI haplotypes of all sequenced Pam. fairbanksi populations from Albania, Antarctica, Canada, Italy, Madeira, Mongolia, Spain, USA and Poland ranged from 0.002–0.005%. In total, twelve haplotypes (H1-H12) of COI gene fragment were identified. We also report statistically significant morphometrical differences of species even though they were cultured and breed in the same laboratory condition proposing epigenetic factor as a main cause rather than temperature, predation risk and food availability. Furthermore, we also discuss differences in potential distribution of two Paramacrobiotus species.
Novel Albumin-Binding Multifunctional Probe Gd-EB-ICG for Synergistic Enhancement of FL/MR Dual-Modal Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yu Cheng , Chen Zhu , Ding Zhuyuan , Liu Huan , Ren Yulu , Zhang Minping , Liao Qiuling , Lyu Shiyi , Tan Huiwen , Hu Linan , Xiao Enhua , Xu Pengfei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This study presents a novel multifunctional probe Gd-EB-ICG based on albumin-binding for synergistic enhancement of fluorescence (FL) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided photothermal cancer therapy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that Gd-EB-ICG exhibits superior fluorescence intensity, longitudinal relaxivity, and photothermal conversion efficiency. In vivo experiments demonstrated that Gd-EB-ICG exhibits excellent tumor aggregation, imaging, and killing effects. This simple and feasible strategy successfully resulted in a synergistic effect for FL/MR dual-modal imaging and photothermal therapy.
Gesture imitation performance and visual exploration in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Latrèche Kenza , Kojovic Nada , Pittet Irène , Natraj Shreyasvi , Franchini Martina , Smith Isabel Mary , Schaer Marie 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Imitation behaviors develop very early and increase in frequency and complexity during childhood. Most studies in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) support a general decrement in imitation performance. To better understand this phenomenon in ASD, factors related to visual attention and motor execution have been proposed. However, these studies used various paradigms and explored different types of imitation in heterogeneous samples, leading to inconsistent findings. The present study examines imitation performance related to visual attention and motor execution. We focused on gesture imitation, consistently reported as more affected than imitation of actions with objects in ASD. We also investigated the influence of meaningful and meaningless gestures on imitation performance.
Methods
Our imitation eye-tracking task used a video of an actor who demonstrated gestures and prompted children to imitate them. The demonstrations comprised three types of gestures: meaningful (MF) and meaningless (ML) hand gestures, and meaningless facial gestures. We measured the total fixation duration to the actor’ face during child-directed speech and gesture demonstrations. During the eye-tracking task, we video-recorded children to later assess their imitation performance. Our sample comprised 100 participants, among which were 84 children with ASD (aged 3.55 ± 1.11 years).
Results
Our results showed that the ASD and typically developing (TD) groups globally displayed the same visual attention toward the face (during child-directed speech) and toward gesture demonstrations, although children with ASD spent less time fixating on the face during FAC stimuli. Visual exploration of actors’ faces and gestures did not influence imitation performance. Rather, imitation performance was positively correlated with chronological and developmental age. Moreover, imitation of MF gestures was associated with less severe autistic symptoms, whereas imitation of ML gestures was positively correlated with higher non-verbal cognitive skills and fine motor skills.
Conclusions
These findings contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of imitation. We delineated the distinct nature of imitation of MF and ML hand gestures in children with ASD. We discuss clinical implications in relation to assessment and intervention programs.
Pilot Study of Parental Alienation Items in the Adverse Childhood Events Scale
Authors: Marsden Joshua , Saunders Luke , Harman Jennifer J. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Adver Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Parental Alienation (PA)are forms of adverse events negatively affecting children globally. The current study was to identify a revised ACEs measure that includes a screening item for PA.
Methods
A total of 231 undergraduate students, ages 18 to 37, were surveyed for this analysis. A factor analyses was performed to identify what PA item, out of four, would correlate most strongly with existing ACEs scale items. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed. An exploratory factory analyses was conducted to identify factor structure of scale items and a confirmatory factory analysis of extracted factors was used to assess model fit.
Results
Over half (60%) of the sampled population reported at least one ACEs item. All four PA items were significantly correlated with converging constructs (r = .68, p < .01). Out of four PA items, one PA item significantly outperformed the other three items in relation to convergent validity and was used to create a new ACEs-PA scale item (r = .33, p < .01). A two factor solution was identified with the new PA item loading, accounting for 35% of the variance, explaining more variance in both outcomes (R2 = .43 and R2 = .16) than the original ACEs scale when comparing the adjusted R2 values (R2 = .35 and R2 = .13 ).
Conclusion
Within the population, the new PA item factored significantly with existing ACEs, suggesting the capture of an additional adverse childhood experience.
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, child temperament, and childhood obesity risk
Authors: Cho Nicole , Giesbrecht Gerald , Dewey Deborah , Reimer Raylene 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Background
Maternal obesity prior to and during pregnancy is related to increased risk of obesity in the child. This risk may be in part mediated by altered child temperament, which can affect mother-child interactions including feeding and soothing behaviors that affect obesity risk. Our objective was to examine the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child zBMI, and determine if child temperament, specifically positive affectivity/surgency, mediates this association.
Methods
Using conditional process modeling, we analyzed prospectively collected data from 408 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study. Child temperament was assessed by the Child Behaviour Questionnaire (CBQ) Very Short Form at 3 years of age and zBMI was calculated from in-clinic height and weight measurements at 4 years of age.
Results
The indirect effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on child zBMI through Surgency scores as a mediator was significant after controlling for maternal gestational weight gain, socioeconomic status, maternal anxiety and depression, and child cognitive and emotional support (β = 0.003, 95% CI [0.0001, 0.008]). Overall, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child zBMI were directly associated and there was an indirect association through child temperament, whereby increased Surgency was associated with higher zBMI scores.
Conclusions
Child zBMI score is associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and this relationship is mediated by the temperament of the child, specifically Surgency.
New threats for a protected plant: the need to review and update recovery plans of endangered species
Authors: Moreno Joaquin , Cuesta M. J. , Torres P. , Ferrandis P. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Helianthemum polygonoides is a perennial halophyte identified in 1987 in the Saltmarsh of Cordovilla (Albacete, SE Spain). In 2004 its distribution area was approximately 16 hectares, and its population was estimated at around 185000 adult individuals. Thus, this species is considered a local endemism due to its restricted distribution area, being catalogued as a "Critically Endangered" (CR). The main goal of this study is to review the current situation of the endemism, updating its distribution area and current threats and, consequently, establishing up-to-date conservation guidelines. A marked increment in the H. polygonoidespopulation have been found (381909 individuals were estimated in 2022 census). We located new populations of H. polygonides, increasing its core distribution area and revealing the consolidation of proposed protection measures. In this context, our results have confirmed the direct relationship between the population size and the protection measures. According to the threat’s assessment, we have observed that most of the threats and impacts have been reduced (e.g., grazing) or stopped (e.g., accumulation of debris). However, we have found new threats (e.g., rabbit proliferation, wild boar damages, and fires), emphasising the need to review and update the Recovery Plan of H. polygonoides. In fact, we want to be pointed out that the mentioned threats are in constant change. We suggest the inclusion of new guidelines to control the new-found threats and provide eight new conservation guidelines to improve the conservation status of the current populations of H. polygonoides.