bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poster 388: Gender Diversity of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Fellowship Trainees, Faculty and Leadership
Authors: Gupta Sanchita , Maginnis Connor , Saraf Shreya , Wong Stephanie , Mulcahey Mary , Lavorgna Tessa 
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Orthopaedic surgery has remained the most male-dominated field in medicine, despite recent efforts to recruit and retain more women. The objective of this study was to determine the gender composition of fellows, faculty, and leaders within orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship programs to provide a more complete analysis of gender diversity within this subspecialty. Methods: Official program websites of orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships listed on the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) fellowship directory were examined. Data collected for analysis included the gender of program directors, fellowship faculty, orthopaedic surgery department faculty, current sports medicine fellows and fellows who graduated within the last five years. Results: In the academic year 2021-2022, 132 sports medicine fellows were in fellowship training in the United States within 97 programs. Of these, 113 (85.6%) were men and 19 (14.4%) were women (p<0.001). Within the past five years, 419 fellows were listed as completing a sports medicine fellowship, with 375 (89.5%) being men, and 44 (10.5%) being women (p<0.001). There is no significant difference in the gender composition of current fellows compared to the composition of fellows within the last 5 years (p=0.74). When examining gender trends in sports medicine faculty, 639 (86.6%) were men and 99 (13.4%) were women (p<0.001). There are 14 women (14.4%) orthopaedic sports medicine faculty in leadership positions (i.e., program directors or assistant program directors) compared to 83 men in such positions (85.6%) (p<0.001). Conclusions: Orthopaedic sports medicine fellowships remain heavily male-dominated in their trainees, faculty, and leadership. There was no significant difference in the gender composition of current fellows when compared to those who graduated in the last five years, suggesting further and novel initiatives are needed to enhance gender diversity in sports medicine. [Table: see text][Table: see text]
Defining operational research priorities to improve malaria control and elimination in sub-Saharan Africa: results from a country-driven research prioritization setting process
Authors: Tine Roger , Herrera Samantha , Badji Mouhamed Ahmed , Daniels Kyle , Ndiaye Pascal , Smith Gueye Cara , Tairou Fassiatou , Slutsker Laurence , Hwang Jimee , Ansah Evelyn , Littrell Megan ,   The Malaria Operational Research Prioritization Partnership, Pratt Abigail , Dicko Alassane , Candrinho Baltazar , Hamainza Busiku , Smith Gueye Cara , Daniels Kyle , Maiteki-Sebuguzi Catherine , Mbogo Charles , Karema Corine , Ngufor Core , Mathanga Don , Achu Dorothy , Juma Elizabeth , Ansah Evelyn , Tadesse Fitsum , Burkybile Frank , Carlson Jenny , Raman Jaishree , Gausi Khoti , Ndiaye Pascal , Uhomoibhi Perpetua , Steketee Richard , Patel Roopal , Leke Rose 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
In order to reignite gains and accelerate progress toward improved malaria control and elimination, policy, strategy, and operational decisions should be derived from high-quality evidence. The U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) Insights project together with the Université Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal, conducted a broad stakeholder consultation process to identify pressing evidence gaps in malaria control and elimination across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and developed a priority list of country-driven malaria operational research (OR) and programme evaluation (PE) topics to address these gaps.

Methods
Five key stakeholder groups were engaged in the process: national malaria programmes (NMPs), research institutions in SSA, World Health Organization (WHO) representatives in SSA, international funding agencies, and global technical partners who support malaria programme implementation and research. Stakeholders were engaged through individual or small group interviews and an online survey, and asked about key operational challenges faced by NMPs, pressing evidence gaps in current strategy and implementation guidance, and priority OR and PE questions to address the challenges and gaps.

Results
Altogether, 47 interviews were conducted with 82 individuals, and through the online survey, input was provided by 46 global technical partners. A total of 33 emergent OR and PE topics were identified through the consultation process and were subsequently evaluated and prioritized by an external evaluation committee of experts from NMPs, research institutions, and the WHO. The resulting prioritized OR and PE topics predominantly focused on generating evidence needed to close gaps in intervention coverage, address persistent challenges faced by NMPs in the implementation of core strategic interventions, and inform the effective deployment of new tools.

Conclusion
The prioritized research list is intended to serve as a key resource for informing OR and PE investments, thereby ensuring future investments focus on generating the evidence needed to strengthen national strategies and programme implementation and facilitating a more coordinated and impactful approach to malaria operational research.
The role of forests in the EU climate policy: are we on the right track?
Authors: Korosuo Anu , Pilli Roberto , Abad Viñas Raúl , Blujdea Viorel N. B. , Colditz Rene R. , Fiorese Giulia , Rossi Simone , Vizzarri Matteo , Grassi Giacomo 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The European Union (EU) has committed to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This requires a rapid reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ensuring that any remaining emissions are balanced through CO2 removals. Forests play a crucial role in this plan: they are currently the main option for removing CO2 from the atmosphere and additionally, wood use can store carbon durably and help reduce fossil emissions. To stop and reverse the decline of the forest carbon sink, the EU has recently revised the regulation on land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), and set a target of − 310 Mt CO2e net removals for the LULUCF sector in 2030.

Results
In this study, we clarify the role of common concepts in forest management – net annual increment, harvest and mortality – in determining the forest sink. We then evaluate to what extent the forest sink is on track to meet the climate goals of the EU. For this assessment we use data from the latest national GHG inventories and a forest model (Carbon Budget Model). Our findings indicate that on the EU level, the recent decrease in increment and the increase in harvest and mortality are causing a rapid drop in the forest sink. Furthermore, continuing the past forest management practices is projected to further decrease the sink. Finally, we discuss options for enhancing the sinks through forest management while taking into account adaptation and resilience.

Conclusions
Our findings show that the EU forest sink is quickly developing away from the EU climate targets. Stopping and reversing this trend requires rapid implementation of climate-smart forest management, with improved and more timely monitoring of GHG fluxes. This enhancement is crucial for tracking progress towards the EU’s climate targets, where the role of forests has become – and is expected to remain – more prominent than ever before.
Deriving GWAS summary estimates for paternal smoking in UK biobank: a GWAS by subtraction
Authors: Woolf Benjamin , Sallis Hannah M. , Munafò Marcus R. , Gill Dipender 
Published: July 2023

Abstract

Objective
To use genome-wide association study (GWAS) by subtraction, a method for deriving novel GWASs from existing summary statistics, to derive genome-wide summary statistics for paternal smoking.

Result
A GWAS by subtraction was implemented using a weighted linear model that defined the child-genotype paternal-phenotype association as the child-genotype child-phenotype association minus the child-genotype maternal-phenotype association. We first use the laws of inherence to derive the weighted linear model. We then implemented the linear model to create a GWAS of paternal smoking by subtracting the summary statistics from a GWAS of maternal smoking from the summary statistics of a GWAS of the index individual’s smoking. We used a Monte-Carlo simulation to validate the model and showed that this approach performed similarly in terms of bias to performing a traditional GWAS of paternal smoking. Finally, we validated the summary statistics in a Mendelian randomisation analysis by demonstrating an association of genetically predicted paternal smoking with paternal lung cancer and emphysema.
A promising resilience parameter for breeding: the use of weight and feed trajectories in growing pigs
Authors: Gorssen Wim , Winters Carmen , Meyermans Roel , Chapard Léa , Hooyberghs Katrijn , Janssens Steven , Huisman Abe , Peeters Katrijn , Mulder Han , Buys Nadine 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasing resilience is a priority in modern pig breeding. Recent research shows that general resilience can be quantified via variability in longitudinal data. The collection of such longitudinal data on weight, feed intake and feeding behaviour in pigs has been facilitated by the development of technologies such as automated feeding stations.

The goal of this study was to investigate resilience traits, which were estimated as deviations from longitudinal weight, feed intake and feeding behaviour data during the finishing phase. A dataset with 324,207 records between the age of 95 and 155 days on 5,939 Piétrain pigs with known pedigree and genomic information was used. We provided guidelines for a rigid quality control of longitudinal body weight data, as we found that outliers can significantly affect results. Gompertz growth curve analysis, linear modelling and trajectory analyses were used for quantifying resilience traits.

Results
To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing resilience traits from longitudinal body weight, feed intake and feeding behaviour data in pigs. We demonstrated that the resilience traits are lowly to moderately heritable for deviations in body weight (h2 = 2.9%–20.2%), in feed intake (9.4%–23.3%) and in feeding behaviour (16.2%–28.3%). Additionally, these traits have good predictive abilities in cross-validation analyses. Deviations in individual body weight and feed intake trajectories are highly correlated (rg = 0.78) with low to moderate favourable genetic correlations with feed conversion ratio (rg = 0.39–0.49). Lastly, we showed that some resilience traits, such as the natural logarithm of variances of observed versus predicted body weights (lnvarweight), are more robust to lower observation frequencies and are repeatable over three different time periods of the finishing phase.

Conclusions
Our results will help future studies investigating resilience traits and resilience-related traits. Moreover, our study provides first results on standardization of quality control and efficient data sampling from automated feeding station data. Our findings will be valuable for breeding organizations as they offer evidence that pigs’ general resilience can be selected on with good accuracy. Moreover, this methodology might be extended to other species to quantify resilience based on longitudinal data.
Inhibition of CDC20 potentiates anti-tumor immunity through facilitating GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Fei , Wang Minglei , Zhong Tao , Xiao Changyan , Chen Xiaozheng , Huang Yiheng , Wu Meng , Yu Jinming , Chen Dawei 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Increasing evidence suggests that immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has the potential to facilitate long-term survival in various cancer besides prostate cancer. Emerging evidence indicated that pyroptosis, an immunogenic form of cell death, could trigger an anti-tumor immune microenvironment and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the regulation of pyroptosis signaling in prostate cancer remains unclear.

Methods
The differential expression of human E3 ligases in prostate cancer was integratedly analyzed from five independent public datasets. Moreover, the immunohistochemistry analysis of a tissue microarray derived from prostate cancer patients confirmed the results from the bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, prostate cancer cell lines were evaluated via the next-generation RNA sequencing to assess transcriptomic profile upon CDC20 depletion. Next, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, cycloheximide assay, immunoprecipitation, and ubiquitination assay were employed to explore the correlation and interaction between CDC20 and GSDME. Both immune-deficient and immune-competent murine models were utilized to examine the anti-tumor efficacy of CDC20 inhibition with or without the anti-PD1 antibodies, respectively. To analyze the immune microenvironment of the xenografts, the tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.

Results
The analysis of multiple prostate cancer cohorts suggested that CDC20 was the most significantly over-expressed E3 ligase. In addition, CDC20 exerted a negative regulatory effect on the pyroptosis pathway by targeting GSDME for ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis in a degron-dependent manner. Knockdown of CDC20 leads to increased GSDME abundance and a transition from apoptosis to pyroptosis in response to death signals. Furthermore, in our syngeneic murine models, we found that depletion of CDC20 significantly enhances the anti-tumor immunity by promoting the infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes dependent on the existence of GSDME, as well as reducing myeloid immune cells. More importantly, Apcin, a small molecular inhibitor that targets CDC20, exhibited synergistic effects with anti-PD1-based immunotherapy in murine models of prostate cancer.

Conclusions
Overall, these findings provide new insights into the upstream regulation of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis by CDC20, which specifically interacts with GSDME and facilitates its ubiquitination in a degron-dependent manner. Importantly, our data highlight novel molecular pathways for targeting cellular pyroptosis and enhancing the effectiveness of anti-PD1-based immunotherapy.
Non-invasive imaging and spectroscopy techniques for identifying historical pigments: a case study of Iranian manuscripts from the Qajar era
Authors: Koochakzaei Alireza , Mobasher Maghsoud Elmira , Jelodarian Bidgoli Behrooz 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
In recent years, the expansion of non-invasive methods has been a trend in identifying historical pigments. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the pigments used in three Iranian historical manuscripts from the Qajar era by utilizing a non-invasive and multi-analytical approach. A combination of various multi-band imaging methods, along with µ-XRF, Raman and FORS spectroscopy, were employed to identify pigments. The results revealed that emerald green, cochineal, ultramarine, orpiment, and red lead were used as pigments for green, red, blue, yellow, and orange colors on a golden leaf made of brass alloy. The study also demonstrated the mixtures of lead-barite white, lead white-ultramarine and lead white-red lead-indigo-cochineal in the white, light blue, and pink sections. While multi-band imaging was found to be a suitable tool for the primary classification of pigments, relying solely on this method without a complete pigment database is not advisable, as differences in underlying paint layers and mixed pigments can affect imaging results. Overall, the combination of imaging and spectroscopic techniques provides a reliable and non-invasive approach to identifying historical pigments and their alterations.
Effect of the mirror force on the collision rate due to energetic electron precipitation: Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Katoh Yuto , Rosendahl Paul Simon , Ogawa Yasunobu , Hiraki Yasutaka , Tadokoro Hiroyasu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe study the effect of the mirror force on the collision rate due to the energetic electron precipitation into the ionosphere. We solve the motion of individual precipitating electrons with the mirror force, where collisions with neutral gas are computed by the Monte Carlo method. By comparing the results with those without the mirror force, we examine the effect of the mirror force on the altitude profile of the ionization rate. First, we carry out simulations of mono-energetic precipitation of 3 keV electrons whose initial pitch angle is 70 degrees at 400 km at L = 6.45. We find that the collision rate peaks at around 120 km altitude and that the duration of the collision is scattered in time with a delay of about 5 ms compared with the result without mirror force. Next, we perform mono-energetic precipitation of the different energy and pitch angle ranges. Simulation results demonstrate that larger kinetic energy lowers the altitude profiles of the collision rate, consistent with previous studies. We also find that the upward motion of electrons bounced back from their mirror points results in the upward broadening of the altitude profile of the collision rate. Simulation results for electrons with kinetic energies above 100 keV show that a secondary peak of the collision rate is formed near the mirror point. The formation of the secondary peak can be explained by the stagnation of electrons around the mirror point at 130 km altitude, because the relatively long duration of staying in neutral gas increases the number of collisions. Simulation results show that under the precipitation of electrons in the kinetic energy range larger than tens of keV with the pitch angle close to the loss cone, the maximum collision rate in the altitude range lower than 100 km becomes one order of the magnitude smaller. The results of the present study suggest the importance of the mirror force for the precise modeling of ionospheric response due to the energetic electron precipitation caused by the pitch angle scattering through wave–particle interactions.
Graphical Abstract
Psychometric properties and cross-cultural comparison of the Arabic version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Youth Self Report (YSR), and Teacher’s Report Form (TRF) in a sample of Egyptian children
Authors: Seleem Mohammad A. , Amer Reham A. , Elhosary Mohamed , Saada Sameh , Hamza Eid Abo , Elfert Yomna , Abdo Sanaa Abd El-fatah , Kabbash Ibrahim , Achenbach Thomas M. 
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Background
The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) forms are among the most studied instruments for assessing behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems in children and adolescents worldwide. Although ASEBA instruments have been translated into Arabic, fewer studies have investigated their psychometric properties and norms in Arabic speaking societies than in other societies.

Methods
Revisions were made to the Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) translations of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 (CBCL/6–18), the Teacher’s Report Form (TRF), and the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Parents of 6–18-year-olds who came to the general pediatric clinic in Tanta University Hospital during a 2-year period for routine check-ups were invited to fill out the CBCL/6–18 (N = 595), while 11–18-year-olds were invited to fill out the YSR (N = 409). TRFs were filled out by teachers (N = 329).

Results
Confirmatory factor analyses supported the previously reported eight-factor syndrome structure of the forms with good psychometric properties and moderate cross-informant correlations. The mean CBCL/6–18 and YSR Total Problem scores qualified for the previously established ASEBA Multicultural Norm Group 2, while the mean TRF Total Problem score qualified for group 3.

Conclusions
The good psychometric properties and the identification of Multicultural Norm Groups for scores obtained with the Arabic translations of ASEBA forms in Egyptian society support use of the ASEBA for assessment and outcome evaluations of behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems among Egyptian youth.
Lemierre’s syndrome variant with inferior vena cava and right common iliac vein thrombosis secondary to emphysematous pyelonephritis
Authors: Chandrappa Anupama , Das Sudha Kiran , Shetty Sachin P. , Gurumurthy Balasubramanian , Hiremath Rudresh , Patil Vikram 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Background
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a potentially life-threatening disease with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common aetiology. Infection can involve the renal parenchyma, collecting system and perinephric tissues, and is commonly encountered in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. EPN complicated by suppurative thrombophlebitis of the inferior vena cava is a rare occurrence. Our case had thrombosis of the right common iliac vein as well, which is first of its kind reported with EPN.

Case presentation
We describe a case of a 59-year-old male patient, with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, who presented to the emergency department with a history of high-grade fever and left loin pain. Clinico-laboratory findings were diagnostic for diabetes mellitus, complicated by upper urinary tract infection with sepsis. A preliminary ultrasound of the abdomen was indicative of left hydronephrosis with features of emphysematous pyelonephritis. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was done to ascertain the cause of hydronephrosis. Left ureteric calculus complicated by emphysematous pyelonephritis (type 3a) with intraluminal air in the left renal vein and inferior vena cava (IVC). Culture grew E. coli. Patient was started on insulin and intravenous (IV) antibiotics, and bilateral DJ stenting was done. Patient was symptomatically better and was discharged. A month later, he was readmitted with relapse of symptoms; repeat CT showed left perinephric abscess, with left renal vein, inferior vena cava and right common iliac vein thrombosis. Repeat culture grew E. coli, stent was replaced, and subsequently he underwent ultrasound-guided aspiration for left perinephric abscess. Haemodialysis along with IV antibiotics and anticoagulant therapy was started.

Conclusion
Suppurative thrombophlebitis of the inferior vena cava in association with EPN is rare; however, the same is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis, drainage procedure, antibiotics coupled with anticoagulants are the mainstay of treatment for deep venous thrombophlebitis.