bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Inclusion under Systemic Inequality: How For‐Profit Businesses Pursue Social Purpose
Authors: Lashitew Addisu A. , Branzei Oana , van Tulder Rob 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn countries where systemic inequality is pervasive, purposeful businesses that assume wider societal responsibilities try to counteract its effects by including marginalized social groups in their value creation processes. While current research documents a variety of business approaches for community inclusion, the nature, drivers and effectiveness of these inclusionary practices are not fully understood. We develop and empirically validate a framework of community inclusion that explicates the mechanisms through which purposeful businesses generate civic wealth – or economic and social benefits – to disadvantaged community groups. We differentiate between commercial practices that recast existent firm‐centric processes towards creating value for marginalized groups and collaborative practices that aim to devise novel, participatory processes for engaging marginalized groups. Analysis of primary data from a sample of 430 small businesses in seven African countries confirms that the effect of social purpose on civic wealth is partially mediated by the two inclusionary practices. Businesses are more likely to extend the scope of their inclusion through collaborative practices when they receive favourable external validation and when institutional voids are low. We contribute to the literature by documenting the role of social purpose in motivating the pursuit of community‐level goals and by unpacking the specific inclusionary practices used to achieve them.
Factors affecting the accuracy of anti‐BRAF V600E immunohistochemistry results in ameloblastomas
Authors: Chang Julia Yu Fong , Lu Pei Hsuan , Tseng Chih‐Huang , Wang Yi‐Ping , Lee Jang‐Jaer , Chiang Chun‐Pin 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundThere are still some controversies about the results of anti‐BRAF V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry in ameloblastomas. This study aimed to examine the accuracy of V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry in detection of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastoma tissue sections of different ages.MethodsThe BRAF V600E status of 64 ameloblastoma specimens was assessed using both Sanger sequencing and V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. The difference in V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry staining intensity among the three groups of ameloblastoma tissue blocks of different ages was evaluated by chi‐square test. The consistency between V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing results and the V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry staining intensity of 15 paired newly‐cut and 3‐month storage sections of the same 15 ameloblastomas were also compared.ResultsFor detection of BRAF V600E mutation, the V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry had high sensitivity (98.21% 55/56), specificity (87.5% 7/8), positive predictive value (98.21% 55/56), and negative predictive value (87.5% 7/8). Heterogeneity of the staining intensity was observed in the same tissue section, but all or none expression pattern was noticed in the solid tumor nests. The storage time of paraffin tissue blocks ranging from 2 to 14 years did not affect the V600E‐specific antibody‐positive staining intensity. However, the three‐month storage sections showed a significant diminishment of V600E‐specific antibody‐positive staining signals.ConclusionsThe BRAF V600E‐specific antibody immunohistochemistry is suitable for routine detection of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastomas. The all or none expression pattern suggests the BRAF V600E mutation may be an early event in the pathogenesis of ameloblastoma.
Peers influence the tobacco and alcohol use of Chinese adolescents
Authors: DeLay Dawn , Shen Mengqian , Cook Rachel E. , Zhao Siman , Logis Handrea , French Doran C. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis two‐wave longitudinal study examined peer selection and influence pertaining to tobacco and alcohol use by adolescents and their friends in a sample of 854 Chinese adolescents (384 girls: mean age = 13.33 years). Participants nominated friends and self‐reported their tobacco and alcohol use at seventh and again at eighth grade. Longitudinal social network analyses revealed evidence of friend influence but not selection over smoking and drinking. Boys increased their levels of smoking at rates greater than that of girls, but no sex moderation of either selection or influence was found. In interpreting these results, it is important to understand the gender norms for Chinese boys and girls and the cultural context of tobacco and alcohol use.
Unusual local epidemic of paediatric respiratory syncytial virus during a time of global pandemic
Authors: Nguyen Edward , Saw Chia , Morkos Michael , Abass Fuad , Foley David , Bulsara Max 
Published: January 2023

BackgroundWestern Australia (WA) public health measures to eradicate SARS‐CoV‐2 resulted in a secondary reduction in paediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) admissions. Following an absent expected 2020 winter peak, RSV‐positive admissions surged during the summer of 2020.AimThis report examines the number of RSV‐positive admissions and severities across 36 months to better understand this out‐of‐season epidemic.MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed assessing the number and severity of RSV‐related respiratory hospitalisations at a peripheral paediatric centre from March 2018 to February 2021. Data were extracted from the hospital clinical database.ResultsThe total number of included participants was n = 294. The total number of RSV hospitalisations in SY (study year) 2018 (March 2018 to February 2019), SY 2019 (March 2019 to February 2020) and SY 2020 (March 2020 to February 2021) was 67, 98 and 129, respectively. Prior to SARS‐CoV‐2, RSV hospitalisations were highest during the winter months. In SY 2020, there were 0 RSV hospitalisations during winter, while 101 admissions in the following summer season. The proportion of admissions requiring respiratory support was significantly reduced in SY 2020 (34.1%) compared to SY 2018 (46.9%, P = 0.050) and SY 2019 (55.2%, P = 0.004). The median length of stay (LOS) in 2020 was 2.0 which was significantly reduced from 2018 and 2019 which was 3.0, P = 0.001; and 3.0, P < 0.001, respectively.ConclusionFollowing a period of RSV absence, there was an unprecedented surge in admission, however, with lower severity and shorter LOS.
Can television reduce xenophobia? The case of East Germany
Authors: Hornuf Lars , Rieger Marc Oliver , Hartmann Sven A. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractCan television have a mitigating effect on xenophobia? To explore this question, we investigate a natural experiment in which individuals in some regions of East Germany could not—due to their geographic location—consume West German television until 1989. By analyzing survey data from the periods before and after German reunification, we provide evidence that individuals who received West German television during the GDR period and were thus more frequently exposed to foreign media have developed less xenophobia. We document that West German television programs positively affected individuals' attitudes towards foreigners and led to a higher likelihood of supporting refugees, for example by donating money to refugee aid. In addition to the survey evidence, we show that regions that could receive West German television before reunification were less likely to vote for extreme right‐wing parties during the national elections from 1990 to 2017, and experienced fewer criminal offenses against refugees.
Hepatitis delta infection among persons living with HIV in Europe
Authors: Béguelin Charles , Atkinson Andrew , Boyd Anders , Falconer Karolin , Kirkby Nikolai , Suter‐Riniker Franziska , Günthard Huldrych F. , Rockstroh Jürgen K. , Mocroft Amanda , Rauch Andri , Peters Lars , Wandeler Gilles ,   for EuroSIDA and SHCS
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackground and AimsA high prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection, the most severe form of viral hepatitis, has been reported among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Europe. We analysed data from a large HIV cohort collaboration to characterize HDV epidemiological trends across Europe, as well as its impact on clinical outcomes.MethodsAll PLWH with a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and EuroSIDA between 1988 and 2019 were tested for anti‐HDV antibodies and, if positive, for HDV RNA. Demographic and clinical characteristics at initiation of antiretroviral therapy were compared between HDV‐positive and HDV‐negative individuals using descriptive statistics. The associations between HDV infection and overall mortality, liver‐related mortality as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were assessed using cumulative incidence plots and cause‐specific multivariable Cox regression.ResultsOf 2793 HBsAg‐positive participants, 1556 (56%) had stored serum available and were included. The prevalence of HDV coinfection was 15.2% (237/1556, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.5%–17.1%) and 66% (132/200) of HDV‐positive individuals had active HDV replication. Among persons who inject drugs (PWID), the prevalence of HDV coinfection was 50.5% (182/360, 95% CI: 45.3%–55.7%), with similar estimates across Europe, compared to 4.7% (52/1109, 95% CI: 3.5%–5.9%) among other participants. During a median follow‐up of 10.8 years (interquartile range 5.6–17.8), 82 (34.6%) HDV‐positive and 265 (20.1%) HDV‐negative individuals died. 41.5% (34/82) of deaths were liver‐related in HDV‐positive individuals compared to 17.7% (47/265) in HDV‐negative individuals. HDV infection was associated with overall mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.6; 95% CI 1.2–2.1), liver‐related death (2.9, 1.6–5.0) and HCC (6.3, 2.5–16.0).ConclusionWe found a very high prevalence of hepatitis delta among PWID across Europe. Among PLWH who do not inject drugs, the prevalence was similar to that reported from populations without HIV. HDV coinfection was associated with liver‐related mortality and HCC incidence.
Understanding stochastic and deterministic assembly processes in microbial communities along temporal, spatial and environmental scales
Authors: Menéndez‐Serra Mateu , Ontiveros Vicente J. , Cáliz Joan , Alonso David , Casamayor Emilio O. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIdentifying the main drivers of community assembly remains an open fundamental question in ecology. Dispersal processes introduce randomness in community composition while selection for particular environments creates predictable assemblages. However, the interaction between selection and dispersal processes is still poorly understood. Here, we address this question in bacterial and microeukaryotic communities inhabiting a highly dynamic system of ephemeral (hyper)saline lakes. We show that the combination of beta‐diversity decomposition methods and a temporal approach based on colonization and extinction dynamics yields new insights into the relative effect of selection and dispersal along environmental gradients. Selective pressure and dispersal‐related processes simultaneously shape each local community with variable strength and effect. The dominance of selection vs. dispersal shifted from stochastic to deterministic assembly as salinity increased along the gradient. This transition also had an impact on the temporal dynamics of the lakes as community turnover decreased at high salinities because both colonization and extinction rates slowed down. Only microeukaryotic richness decreased along the gradient due to lower effective colonization at higher salinities, suggesting that the net effect of selection and dispersal is determined by both environmental conditions and the idiosyncrasy of the different microbial ecologies. Our results emphasize the use of temporal approaches in combination with standard statistical methods for a better understanding of the dynamic processes underlying community assembly.
Is the uptake, engagement, and effectiveness of exclusively mobile interventions for the promotion of weight‐related behaviors equal for all? A systematic review
Authors: Szinay Dorothy , Forbes Cynthia C. , Busse Heide , DeSmet Ann , Smit Eline S. , König Laura M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryMobile health interventions are promising behavior change tools. However, there is a concern that they may benefit some populations less than others and thus widen inequalities in health. This systematic review investigated differences in uptake of, engagement with, and effectiveness of mobile interventions for weight‐related behaviors (i.e., diet, physical activity, and sedentary behavior) based on a range of inequality indicators including age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020192473). Six databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Pubmed, and Web of Science) were searched from inception to July 2021. Publications were eligible for inclusion if they reported the results of an exclusively mobile intervention and examined outcomes by at least one inequality indicator. Sixteen publications reporting on 13 studies were included with most reporting on multiple behaviors and inequality indicators. Uptake was investigated in one study with no differences reported by the inequality indicators studied. Studies investigating engagement (n = 7) reported differences by age (n = 1), gender (n = 3), ethnicity (n = 2), and education (n = 2), while those investigating effectiveness (n = 9) reported differences by age (n = 3), gender (n = 5), education (n = 2), occupation (n = 1), and geographical location (n = 1). Given the limited number of studies and their inconsistent findings, evidence of the presence of a digital divide in mobile interventions targeting weight‐related behaviors is inconclusive. Therefore, we recommend that inequality indicators are specifically addressed, analyzed, and reported when evaluating mobile interventions.
Risk factors, cutoff points, and definition of metabolically healthy/unhealthy obesity in children and adolescents: A scoping review of the literature
Authors: Abiri Behnaz , Valizadeh Majid , Amini Shirin , Kelishadi Roya , Hosseinpanah Farhad 
Published: January 2023

SummaryDiagnosis of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and its definition do not have universal criteria in the pediatric age group. Hence, this scoping review aims to identify the components, the cutoff points, and the definition of MHO in children and adolescents. A comprehensive, systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases. A consensus‐based definition of MHO was developed through a Delphi process involving an international panel of 23 experts. This review included a total of 63 non‐randomized studies, published between 2007 and 2022. According to our consensus (≥80% agreement), the proposed definition for MHO included the following components: high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol >40 mg/dl (or >1.03 mmol/l), triglycerides ≤150 mg/dl (or ≤1.7 mmol/l), fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dl (or <5.6 mmol/l), a measure of insulin, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure ≤90th percentile. Therefore, MHO was defined as the absence of the above metabolic risk factors; and those children and adolescents with one or more criteria were considered as metabolically unhealthy. A universal definition of MHO will allow comparisons between studies in the field of childhood obesity and can be useful in clinical practice.
A ubiquitin‐specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice
Authors: Zou Ting , Li Gongwen , Liu Miaomiao , Liu Rui , Yang Shangyu , Wang Kang , Lu Liuhui , Ye Qiuyu , Liu Jiaxu , Liang Jing , Deng Qiming , Wang Shiquan , Zhu Jun , Liang Yueyang , Liu Huainian , Yu Xiumei , Sun Changhui , Li Ping , Li Shuangcheng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractUbiquitin‐specific proteases (UBPs) process deubiquitination in eukaryotic organisms and are widely involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. However, their role in cell death and plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant (LMM) and cloned its causative gene, LMM22. Both dysfunction and overexpression of LMM22 gave rise to the hypersensitive response‐like cell death, reactive oxygen species bursts, and activated defence responses. LMM22 encodes an active UBP that is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and displays a constitutive expression pattern in rice. LMM22 interacts with SPOTTED LEAF 35 (SPL35), a coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation domain‐containing protein that is known to participate in ubiquitination and the regulation of cell death and disease response in rice. Additional analyses suggest that LMM22 can positively regulate and stabilise the abundance of SPL35 protein likely through its deubiquitination activity. These data therefore improve our understanding of the function of UBP in rice innate immune responses by demonstrating that LMM22 functions as a critical regulator of SPL35 in cell death and disease resistance.
Pascal's birds: Signs and significance in nature*
Authors: Avnur Yuval 
Published: January 2023

AbstractI address a puzzle in Pascal's Pensées. While Pascal emphasized that God is hidden, he also seemed to think that signs of God are everywhere in nature. How does he reconcile these two claims? I offer a novel solution which emphasizes the role of love and what I call “second‐personal” significance, and which results in a distinctively Pascalian account of religious experience of nature. By distinguishing implication from various senses of ‘proof’, I explain why, though deeply significant, such experiences cannot play the role of proving God's existence, and how they are compatible with God's hiddenness. Neither theism nor atheism is assumed by this account.
Disruption of BG14 results in enhanced callose deposition in developing seeds and decreases seed longevity and seed dormancy in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Chengliang , Lyu Yuanyuan , Zhang Qi , Guo Hongye , Chen Defu , Chen Xiwen 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARYSeed longevity is an important trait for agriculture and the conservation of genetic resources. β‐1,3‐Glucanases were first recognized as pathogenesis‐related proteins involved in plant defense, but their roles in seeds are largely unknown. Here, we report a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored β‐1,3‐glucanase, BG14, that degrades callose in seed embryos and functions in seed longevity and dormancy in Arabidopsis. The loss of function of BG14 significantly decreased seed longevity, whereas functional reversion (RE) and overexpression (OE) lines reversed and increased the impaired phenotype, respectively. The loss of function of BG14 enhanced callose deposition in the embryos of mature seeds, confirmed by quantitative determination and the decreased callose degrading ability in bg14. The drop‐and‐see (DANS) assay revealed that the fluorescence signal in bg14 was significantly lower than that observed in the other three genotypes. BG14 is located on the periphery of the cell wall and can completely merge with callose at the plasmodesmata of epidermal cells. BG14 was highly expressed in developing seeds and was induced by aging and abscisic acid (ABA). The loss of function of BG14 led to a variety of phenotypes related to ABA, including reduced seed dormancy and reduced responses to treatment with ABA or pacolblltrazol, whereas OE lines showed the opposite phenotype. The reduced ABA response is because of the decreased level of ABA and the lowered expression of ABA synthesis genes in bg14. Taken together, this study demonstrated that BG14 is a bona fide BG that mediates callose degradation in the plasmodesmata of embryo cells, transcriptionally influences ABA synthesis genes in developing seeds, and positively affects seed longevity and dormancy in Arabidopsis.
Monodromy and period map of the Winger pencil
Authors: Looijenga Eduard , Zi Yunpeng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe sextic plane curves that are invariant under the standard action of the icosahedral group on the projective plane make up a pencil of genus ten curves (spanned by a sum of six lines and three times a conic). This pencil was first considered in a note by R. M. Winger in 1925 and is nowadays named after him. The second author recently gave this a modern treatment and proved among other things that it contains essentially every smooth genus ten curve with icosahedral symmetry. We here show that the Jacobian of such a curve contains the tensor product of an elliptic curve with a certain integral representation of the icosahedral group. We find that the elliptic curve comes with a distinguished point of order 3, which proves that the monodromy on this part of the homology is the full congruence subgroup and subsequently identify the base of the pencil with the associated modular curve. We also observe that the Winger pencil “accounts” for the deformation of the Jacobian of Bring's curve as a principal abelian fourfold with an action of the icosahedral group.
Physicochemical Properties of N,N-Diethylethanolammonium Chloride/Ethylene Glycol-Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Replacement of Ionic Liquid
Authors: Fauzi Roslinda , Daik Rusli , Fauzi Basirah , Mamauod Siti Nur Liyana 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) that are used in the market nowadays have high complexity of processing, high viscosity, and high toxicity in comparison to deep eutectic solvent (DES). Deep eutectic solvent is typically used in thermal energy storage, separation and extraction process or electrochemistry field. This study focuses on determining the physicochemical properties of DES, which are thermal conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension. DES was prepared by mixing hydrogen-bond donor (HBD) compounds (ethylene glycol) and hydrogen-bond acceptor (HBA) compounds (N,N-diethylethanolammonium chloride) at different molar compositions. The data show that the molar ratio HBA:HBD of 1:2 resulted in optimized values of thermal conductivity (0.218 W/mK), low viscosity (38.1 cP), and high surface tension (54 mN/m). Most notably, DES is capable of sustaining in a liquid phase at ambient condition (25 °C) for more than 30 days. Fourier transform infrared spectrum did not indicate any presence of a new peak. This established that only delocalization of ions occurred, and hence, chemical transformations did not take place during mixing. The data obtained showed that the newly synthesized solvent (DES) possess better result than the ILs. Therefore, DES can be proposed to replace the dependency on ILs.
Assessment of the Hydrodynamic Performance of an Oscillating Water Column Device in Front of a V-Shaped Vertical Wall
Authors: Konispoliatis Dimitrios N. 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
In this work, an oscillating water column (OWC) device is considered placed in front of a V-shaped vertical breakwater. The idea conceived, is based on the amplified wave power absorption due to the wave interactions originating from the presence of the breakwater. A theoretical analysis is presented in the realm of linear potential theory, based on the solution of proper diffraction, and radiation problems in the frequency domain, using the eigenfunction expansion method, the method of images, and the multiple scattering approach. Optimum absorption efficiency is examined taking into consideration the characteristics of the power take off (PTO) system and the air compressibility. Numerical results are presented and discussed in terms of the expected power absorption. The effect of the distance between the OWC and the vertical walls, the breakwater’s forming angle, and the wave heading angle, is examined to demonstrate the enhanced absorption ability of the device. It is concluded that the device’s efficiency is strongly dependent on the position of the OWC in front of the walls, as well as the angle of the wave impact, and should be taken into account when determining the optimum device parameters for maximization of its performance.