bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inverse scattering transform for the two‐component Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation with nonzero boundary conditions: Dark‐dark solitons
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Zhu Junyi 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe two‐component Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation with nonzero boundary conditions is studied by the inverse scattering transform. A fundamental set of analytic eigenfunctions is obtained with the aid of the associated adjoint problem. Three symmetry conditions are discussed to curb the scattering data. The behavior of the Jost functions and the scattering matrix at the branch points is discussed. The inverse scattering problem is formulated by a matrix Riemann–Hilbert problem. The trace formula in terms of the scattering data and the so‐called asymptotic phase difference for the potential are obtained. The solitons classification is described in detail. When the discrete eigenvalues lie on the circle, the dark‐dark soliton is obtained for the first time in this work. And the discrete eigenvalues off the circle generate the dark‐bright, bright‐bright, breather‐breather, M(‐type)‐W(‐type) solitons, and their interactions.
Protest, race and grievability: What does it mean for lives to matter?
Authors: Kilby Laura 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this article I bring the political philosophy of Judith Butler to bear on contemporary and inter‐related arguments about race and (in)equality. Focusing most directly on the UK context and taking account of recent changes in UK law, I further address the role of social protest in the pursuit of equality and social justice. Starting with a seemingly simple question which echoes the language of contemporary social protest, I ask ‘what does it mean for lives to matter’. In responding to this I pursue the following aims: (i) develop an awareness of human mattering which moves beyond the lens of neoliberal individualism; (ii) generate an understanding of protest as an intensely human and ethical endeavour; (iii) engage Butler's philosophical arguments in a manner that is accessible to those unfamiliar with their work. I begin with an overview of contemporary social protests and outline recent developments in UK law before introducing key concepts from Butler's work. I then apply Butler's arguments to explore the construct and the language of mattering, before expanding on what it means to matter and the role of social protest in the pursuit of grievable lives.
Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Healthcare
Authors: Baihakki Mohd Azri , Mohamed Saleh Ba Qutayan Shadiya 
Published: June 2023

The idea of integrating ethics into artificial intelligence (AI) increased globally, and it became an important policy objective in many countries. The ethics of AI has seen significant press coverage in recent years, which supports related research, but also may end up undermining it. The issues under discussion were just predictions of what future technology will bring, and we already know what would be most ethical and how to achieve that. This paper is a literature review in nature; it analyzes previous studies related to implementation of ethics in AI. The literature results indicate that between 2010 and 2021, there were 150 AI ethical incidents; including data privacy and security risks, safety concerns, bias diagnosis, the possibility of hostile entities taking control of AI, a lack of interpersonal communication or a humanistic perspective, wealth concentration around an AI business and job losses. The findings obtained from this literature review can help to propose method for AI; it's, indeed, an avenue for researchers to understand ethics needed in AI. Thus, this is crucial to provide suitable suggestions on planning the next course of action on how to integrate ethics in AI in the future.
Unsupervised Domain Deep Transfer Learning Approach for Rolling Bearing Remaining Useful Life Estimation
Authors: Rathore Maan Singh , Harsha S. P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Accurate estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) becomes a crucial task when bearing operates under dynamic working conditions. The environmental noise, different operating conditions, and multiple fault modes result in the existence of considerable distribution and feature shifts between different domains. To address these issues, a novel framework TSBiLSTM is proposed that utilizes 1DCNN, SBiLSTM, and attention mechanism (AM) synergically to extract highly abstract feature representation, and domain adaptation is realized using the MK-MMD (multi-kernel maximum mean discrepancy) metric and domain confusion layer. One-dimensional CNN (1DCNN) and stacked bidirectional LSTM (SBiLSTM) are utilized to take advantage of spatiotemporal features with attention mechanism (AM) to selectively process the influential degradation information. MK-MMD provides effective kernel selection along with a domain confusion layer to effectively extract domain-invariant features. Both experimentation and comparison studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed TSBiLSTM model. The generalized performance is demonstrated using IEEE PHM data sets based on root mean squared error, mean absolute error, absolute percent mean error, and percentage mean error. The promising RUL prediction results validate the superiority and usability of the proposed TSBiLSTM model as a promising prognostic tool for dynamic operating conditions.
ROBOTIC ORTHOSIS BASED ON BEND SENSORS FOR OCCUPATIONAL MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER PREVENTION
Authors: Cheng Jinsai , Zhao Wenbing , Shen Tao 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are generated, preceded, or aggravated by repeated or continuous use of certain parts of the body. Orthoses have been developed to help people prevent or treat these kinds of disorders. In this paper, we developed a novel flexible orthosis based on bend sensors to count the times of the repetitive movements and remind the worker to take adequate rest after a period of repetitive movements, thus, to reduce the possibility of developing musculoskeletal disorders. A novel movement detection method is developed to count the times of the repeating movement by using the trends/slopes of the rotation angles. Experiments have been conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the novel movement detection method. The results demonstrate that the movement detection method can accurately count the times of the wrist movement with varying rotation angles and speed and issue reminders for rest.
DESIGN OF FABRIC-REINFORCED POLYURETHANE COMPOSITES FOR AORTIC AND OTHER CARDIAC CONSTRUCTS
Authors: Nieves Charmaine , Edward Sandra , Kulkarni Mayura , Golecki Holly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
When patients experience heart failure, medical devices can support lost cardiac function. However, compliance mismatch between biological tissues and devices present challenges for long term integration. For example, silicone, a common polymer used in soft robotic medical devices, has negative side effects when implanted in vivo. This paper explores biomimetic properties of alternative materials by testing mechanical properties of polyurethane composites. Testing reveals similarities between our composites and native tissues in the heart and aorta. When built into fabric reinforced elastomeric enclosures (fabREEs), our composite actuators behave similar to native aortic tissue. By analyzing hoop and longitudinal stresses in actuators, we present candidate materials for building aortic models for use in transplantations or benchtop testing. We show that these materials can serve to mimic a range of cardiac tissues and that future of medical device design will benefit from considering these soft material composites in new devices.
AI BASED GLAND DETECTION IN BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FOR CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY DEVICE
Authors: Lee Jieun , Modi Vaishnavi K. , Redij Renisha , Gadam Srikanth , Gopalakrishnan Keerthy , Rajagopal Anjali , Leggett Cadman L. , Arunachalam Shivaram P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an advanced imaging modality to detect Barrett’s esophagus (BE) dysplasia, providing widefield, cross-sectional imaging and microscopic resolution. BE dysplasia is characterized under OCT by the presence and number of glandular structures with atypical morphology. Accurate detection and interpretation of BE glands under OCT is essential to detect dysplastic lesions. Object Detection using deep learning has the potential to identify glands from OCT images. We developed a YOLO model to identify the presence of glands in BE tissue. The YOLOv4 object detector was trained on a custom BE dataset of 30 patients with confirmed BE who underwent OCT imaging, of which 222 OCT images included at least one gland. Our model identified glands with a high average precision of 88.79% on the test dataset. We showed that the developed model is robust to rotation, brightness, and blur in images. We have implemented an object detection model to identify glands from OCT images with promising results accurately. This model has the potential to improve the diagnosis and surveillance of BE by eliminating human error and missed dysplastic lesions adaptable for capsule endoscopy applications.
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF A MULTIFUNCTION GASTRIC FEEDING TUBE CAPABLE OF VITAL SIGN MONITORING
Authors: Salafian Iman , Englert Angie , Morris Allissa , Groves Alan , Rylander Christopher G. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Infants born extremely prematurely present significant clinical and population health challenges. Advances in clinical monitoring can potentially drive improvements in survival and long-term outcomes in this vulnerable population. In this study, a multi-function catheter with ECG, pressure, and temperature sensors is developed and the performance and ideal lead location are tested in a rat model. The ECG signals, transdiaphragmatic pressure, and core body temperature of the rat were recorded from a modified multi-electrode gastric feeding tube with one pressure sensor at the tip and another pressure sensor and temperature sensor at 6 cm from the trip.
The ECG signals were obtained from esophageal electrodes in multiple locations and eventually, optimal electrode locations were identified at 4 and 6 cm from the tip of the feeding tube. Reliable pressure signals at a pressure range of 0-0.2psi (0-14 cm H2O) were obtained from pressure sensors placed above and below the diaphragm. A core temperature of ~41°C was recorded from the temperature sensor which was elevated relative to the rectal temperature measurements due to the experimental setup used.
Our multifunction catheter proved to provide a reliable, strong, high resolution and low noise ECG signal from the esophageal electrodes in an animal model equivalent in size to the preterm infant. In addition, continuous pressure and temperature recordings can simultaneously be extracted, with all 3 sensors contained within a less than 3 mm diameter tube as is routinely used in this population. Integration of these multiple components into a feeding tube, which is already universally used in this population purely for nutrition, will provide significant advances in vital sign monitoring while reducing risk to vulnerable preterm infants.
TOWARDS ELECTRICALLY ACTIVATING SMA-BASED COMPRESSION KNITS
Authors: Golgouneh Alireza , Pettys-Baker Robert , Dunne Lucy E. , Holschuh Brad 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Compression devices are widely used in fields such as astronautics, cosmetics, and medical therapy for treatment of various diseases such as Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and Orthostatic Hypotension (OH). Unlike traditional compression devices that apply static pressure on the body, there have been some efforts to integrate smart materials such as shape memory alloys (SMAs) to make compression garments active and controllable. SMA-based compression systems can be made in tourniquet (band) and knit (larger area) forms. SMA Knits are typically activated through direct heating approaches that may not be accessible in real-life applications. Unlike other forms of SMA actuators, due to the complexity of SMA wire interconnections in the knit, Joule heating has not been investigated yet. Hence, this paper presents an experimental protocol to electrically activate the SMA-knits through Joule heating. The designed protocol, include measurement of generated force, electrical properties, and temperature in a displacement control condition. The results of this study indicate that connecting the power leads to the middle of a knitted SMA sample along the course direction, can contribute to a better wide-reaching electrical pathway, and subsequently achieves better force generation through Joule heating.
LAPAROSCOPIC TROCAR INSERTION FORCE SIMULATION
Authors: Galvin Samson , Scarpinella Samantha , Safford Dr. Shawn , Miller Dr. Scarlett , Moore Dr. Jason 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Laparoscopic surgery is a common minimally invasive procedure that is performed through small ports in the abdominal wall. The ports are created with tools called trocars that are used to inflate the abdominal cavity and are used as gateways for surgical tools. There is limited training on trocar insertion for novice surgeons and it is a crucial step in the laparoscopic procedure. There are several challenges associated with placing and inserting trocars in the abdominal area. In this paper, experimental data is used to create a mathematical model for the expected trocar force, which had an average error of 3.67%. A novel trocar training system is proposed to effectively simulate the haptic feeling of inserting a trocar into the abdomen.
DESIGN OF AN ARTICULATING NON-INVASIVE JOINT DISTRACTOR FOR METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT OF THE THUMB
Authors: Farjam Pardis , Roubos Timo , Hekman Edsko E.G. , Verkerke Gijsbertus J , Rouwkema Jeroen 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
There is no specific distraction device available for the metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) of the thumb. Joint distraction is required to facilitate the implantation of MCPJ spacers. In addition, expanding the joint space is essential for MCPJ arthroscopy. For these reasons, a novel device has been designed to create some space in the MCPJ. This articulating joint distractor uses a finger trap to apply the distraction force to the thumb and a strap to fixate the hand. There is the possibility to flex the thumb while maintaining the distraction force. In a first cadaveric experiment, we have determined that the force required to create 2 mm of distraction is approximately 30N. A prototype of the articulating joint distractor has been built and was tested during a second cadaveric study. As a result of the second cadaveric experiment, the desired functions of the prototype have been validated. By adjusting and optimizing the design to minimize the risks found partly during the experiment, the final design of the non-invasive MCPJ distractor has been realized.
ARTICULATED SURGICAL STAPLER WITH IMPROVED RANGE OF MOTION FOR MINIMALLY INVASIVE COLORECTAL SURGERY
Authors: Swerczek Nick , Nelson Carl A. , Carlson Mark A. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we present a surgical stapler design with increased mobility at the articulation joint for colorectal minimally invasive surgery. Having broken the main problem down into a few primary sub-problems, we introduce the solution options available for each sub-problem as well as a synthesized model based on the usage of cables to transmit forces to the jaw area of the instrument. CAD modelling and an ongoing prototype work suggest feasibility of this approach.
INITIAL COMPARISON OF VITAL SIGNS MONITORING ON THE WRIST WITH THE ANKLE AND BICEP
Authors: Carlson Sam , Fazaluddin Kazi Farhanuddin , Clarke-Sather Abigail R. , Sandbulte Jomara , Wang Sonya 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Kangaroo care is a vital component of infant care that can lead to reduced morbidity and mortality amongst infants born prematurely. While it is known that kangaroo care, or more simply, skin-to-skin contact, can lead to better health outcomes for both the infant and the mother, the correlation between duration of kangaroo care and positive health outcomes remains a mystery. Not all mothers are able to perform kangaroo mother care, or 24-hour kangaroo care, so it is important to know how much kangaroo care is necessary to achieve positive health outcomes for infants born prematurely. To determine the relationship between maternal-infant interactions, a system of health monitoring devices is presented to measure the duration and frequency of kangaroo care, along with the effects of kangaroo care before, during, and after the act. One specific parameter of interest is the heartrate of the mother and infant. The maternal heartrate can be measured with a commercially available Garmin Venu® Sq smartwatch, but it typically cannot be worn on the wrist in NICUs due to their infection control guidelines. The viability of wearing a Garmin® smartwatch to measure maternal heartrate on the ankle or bicep compared to the wrist was determined by wearing three smartwatches simultaneously on the specified locations. It was found that the smartwatch located at the ankle undercounted the heartrate by an average of 0.5 bpm and the smartwatch located at the bicep overcounted by an average of 0.05 bpm. From statistical analysis, it was determined that the smartwatch worn at the bicep would be an acceptable alternative to wearing a smartwatch on the wrist to gather maternal heartrate data for use in the complete kangaroo care monitoring system.
A CASE STUDY ON ACTIVATION LEVEL OF ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES USING ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND ASSOCIATED MUSCLE FORCES
Authors: Mitchell Allyson , MajidiRad AmirHossein , Pujalte George 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Rotator cuff tears are among the most common shoulder injuries, making them an attractive topic of study. Yet, there is a lack of clear understanding of attributes associated with deep and superficial muscles when it is intended to study the recovery progress after rehabilitation. Through a systematic approach, this project investigates the activation of rotator cuff muscles using surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors. The team developed a strategic plan to investigate the precision of the NORAXON technology that is utilized in this study to ensure that it is capable of capturing small variations in shoulder motion. This is followed by a reliability analysis to ascertain reproducibility of the experiment. The levels of muscle activities for superficial and deep muscles are monitored to explore the impact of traditionally prescribed arm movements used for the rehabilitation of rotator cuff injuries. Furthermore, an analysis of forces generated in the muscles is done to provide better insight into the activation levels of rotator cuff muscles. The results were promising, with a competent technology and acceptable correlation associated with muscle activities across all subjects. Four common arm movements were studied; scaption generated a significant response in the targeted muscles, particularly of the supraspinatus. Results were conclusive across all subjects, and simulation also supported the experiment showing high activation levels for the supraspinatus. The teres minor also showed a significant contribution when performing external rotation at 90⁰ abduction. The outcome of this study is significant for this ongoing project as it identifies the most impactful exercises that ensure targeted muscles are being triggered. It also lays the groundwork for expanding the project to a clinical study focusing on the most effective arm movements in order to improve rehabilitation process and reduce pertinent cost.
EXTRACELLULAR FLOW PATTERNS SURROUNDING A BREAST CANCER CELL DURING TRANSPORT IN A MICROCHANNEL
Authors: Akerkouch Lahcen , Le Trung Bao , Haage Amanda , Vanyo Aaron 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
We performed the transport of a breast cancer cell (MB231-TGFb) in a microvessel using high-resolution simulations. Using open-source imaging software Slicer3D and Meshmixer, the 3D surface mesh forming the cell membrane was reconstructed from confocal microscopic images. The Dissipative Particle Dynamics method is used to model the cell membrane. The extracellular fluid flow is modeled with the Immersed Boundary Method to solve the governing equations of the blood plasma. The unsteady flow is applied at the inlet of the microchannel with an oscillatory pattern. Our results showed that the extracellular flow patterns are highly dependent on the waveform profile. The oscillatory flow showed the creation of vortices that influence the cellular deformations in the microchannel. These results could have implications on the destination of the cancer cells during transport in physiological flows.
VESTIBULAR IMPLANT STIMULATION PAUSE DETECTION THRESHOLDS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGN OF BATTERY DEPLETION ALERTS
Authors: Brillet Celia Fernandez , Chow Margaret R. , Ayiotis Andrianna I. , Della Santina Charles C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Vestibular implants (VI) modulate the rate and amplitude of charge-balanced current pulses to encode head angular velocity or acceleration. When the battery of a VI becomes depleted, stimulation interruptions can cause vertigo. To avoid this, VIs can use alert signals such as vibration and beeping to remind the user to replace the battery. However, in distracting and noisy environments typical of activities of daily life, some patients may fail to hear or feel those alerts, so a physiological signal can be used as an alternate channel for signaling battery depletion. Pauses in the stimulation waveform can be delivered for this purpose, with the length of the pause long enough to be detected reliably by the patient but not so long as to induce dizziness or a vertigo attack. As a guide for the design of a physiologic battery depletion alert system, this study reports the ability of nine longterm, continuous VI users to detect stimulation pauses of various durations. We also show the effect of distraction on patients’ detection thresholds and response latencies for detected events.
A COMPLIANT FRACTURE FIXATION PLATE FOR CONTROLLED AXIAL MOTION IN LONG BONE HEALING
Authors: Huxman Connor , Lewis Gregory , Updegrove Gary , Armstrong April , Butler Jared 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In this work, we introduce a novel compliant fracture fixation plate capable of delivering controlled axial micromotion to a diaphyseal fracture. When an appropriate amount of interfragmentary strain is achieved, this micromotion is known to facilitate secondary healing by callus formation. The proposed single-piece designs leverage mechanical compliance to achieve motion, eliminating friction, wear, and detailed assembly inherent to other multi-component concepts. 3-dimensional simulations are carried out under offset axial loading. Initial finite element analysis results suggest that flexure-based compliant plates can achieve increased magnitude and symmetry of axial interfragmentary strain, even when constructed of stainless steel, a surgeon-preferred material that traditionally may be too stiff to promote callus formation.