bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Edible fungi crops through mycoforestry, potential for carbon negative food production and mitigation of food and forestry conflicts
Authors: Thomas Paul W. , Jump Alistair S. 
Published: March 2023

Demand for agricultural land is a potent accelerating driver of global deforestation, presenting multiple interacting issues at different spatiotemporal scales. Here we show that inoculating the root system of tree planting stock with edible ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) can reduce the food-forestry land-use conflict, enabling appropriately managed forestry plantations to contribute to protein and calorie production and potentially increasing carbon sequestration. Although, when compared to other food groups, we show that EMF cultivation is inefficient in terms of land use with a needed area of ~668 m
2
y kg
−1
protein, the additional benefits are vast. Depending on the habitat type and tree age, greenhouse gas emissions may range from −858 to 526 kg CO
2
-eq kg
−1
protein and the sequestration potential stands in stark contrast to nine other major food groups. Further, we calculate the missed food production opportunity of not incorporating EMF cultivation into current forestry activities, an approach that could enhance food security for millions of people. Given the additional biodiversity, conservational and rural socioeconomic potential, we call for action and development to realize the sustainable benefits of EMF cultivation.
Large low background kTon-scale liquid argon time projection chambers
Authors: Bezerra T , Borkum A , Church E , Djurcic Z , Genovesi J , Haiston J , Jackson C M , Lazanu I , Monreal B , Munson S , Ortiz C , Parvu M , Peeters S J M , Pershey D , Poudel S S , Reichenbacher J , Saldanha R , Scholberg K , Sinev G , Westerdale S , Zennamo J 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We find that it is possible to increase sensitivity to low energy physics in a third or fourth Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE)-like module with careful controls over radiopurity and targeted modifications to a detector similar to the DUNE Far Detector design. In particular, sensitivity to supernova and solar neutrinos can be enhanced with improved MeV-scale reach. A neutrinoless double beta decay search with 136Xe loading appears feasible. Furthermore, sensitivity to Weakly-Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) Dark Matter becomes competitive with the planned world program in such a detector, offering a unique seasonal variation detection that is characteristic of the nature of WIMPs.
A robust index-guided GSR approach to improve the efficiency of bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Ruoqi , Chen Kehan , Wang Huiqi 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Stochastic resonance has been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis due to the enhancement principle of energy conversion from noise to weak signals. However, the diagnosis efficiency and robustness is still challenging. Under the mechanism of generalized stochastic resonance (GSR), in this paper we propose a scale-transformed linear oscillator (SLO) and obtain the analytical expression of fault feature amplification (FFA) to replace the numerical implementation of output signal-to-noise ratio in the multi-parameter optimization. This brings a substantial benefit to the reduction of time complexity in fast fault diagnosis, which is verified in both theory and simulations. In the experimental diagnosis for some typical cases, the results show that the proposed method is valid and exhibits superiority in diagnostic performance, efficiency and robustness, demonstrating that the FFA-guided GSR-SLO method has great potential in engineering applications, especially for real-time fault diagnosis in complex operating environments.
In Search for Infall Gas in Molecular Clouds: A Catalogue of CO Blue-Profiles
Authors: Jiang Zhibo , Zhang Shaobo , Chen Zhiwei , Yang Yang , Yu Shuling , Feng Haoran , Yang Ji 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We have started a systematic survey of molecular clumps with infall motions to study the very early phase of star formation. Our first step is to utilize the data products by MWISP to make an unbiased survey for blue asymmetric line profiles of CO isotopical molecules. Within a total area of ∼2400 square degrees nearby the Galactic plane, we have found 3533 candidates showing blue-profiles, in which 3329 are selected from the 12CO&13CO pair and 204 are from the 13CO&C18O pair. Exploration of the parametric spaces suggests our samples are in the cold phase with relatively high column densities ready for star formation. Analysis of the spatial distribution of our samples suggests that they exist virtually in all major components of the galaxy. The vertical distribution suggest that the sources are located mainly in the thick disk of ∼85 pc, but still a small part are located far beyond Galactic midplane. Our follow-up observation indicates that these candidates are a good sample to start a search for infall motions, and to study the condition of very early phase of star formation.
An analytical envelope model for space charge in cyclotrons
Authors: Kleeven Wiel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The statistical σ-matrix approach is used to derive
general envelope equations for ellipsoidal bunches with space charge
in isochronous and non-isochronous fixed-field accelerators (FFAs)
These accelerators couple the radial and longitudinal phase spaces
due to momentum dispersion induced by the space charge effect. This
generates a rotation of the bunch around the local vertical axis
which is known in the field as the vortex effect. A special
invariant of the vortex is found which represents its total angular
momentum with respect to its center. For the isochronous cyclotron,
a special solution of the envelope equations is found which
describes a circular bunch with equal radial and longitudinal RMS
sizes. The existence of this solution is a direct consequence of
the circular symmetry of the single particle Hamiltonian in a
co-moving coordinate frame. The stationary solution of the circular
bunch fixes the relation between bunch sizes and accelerated current
(or the total charge per bunch) for given emittances. The general
envelope equations may easily be implemented in existing numerical
envelope codes.
Intensity limit in compact H- and H+
2 cyclotrons
Authors: Planche Thomas , Baartman Richard A. , Koay Hui Wen , Rao Yi-Nong , Zhang Lige 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Compact H- cyclotrons are used all across the globe to
produce medical isotopes. Machines with external ion sources have
demonstrated average extracted currents on the order of a few mA,
although reported operational numbers are typically around 1 mA or
below. To explore the possibility of extracting even more current
from such cyclotrons, it is important to understand the mechanisms
that drive intensity limits and how they scale. In this paper we
review some of the key aspects of the beam dynamics in the central
region of compact cyclotrons, including rf electric focusing and
space charge effects. We derive the scaling of the phase acceptance
with the rf gap voltage, harmonic number, etc. We also explore the
scaling with different types of ions such as H-, H+
2 and
H+
3. We discuss the impact of mechanical erosion of the central
region electrodes. Thoughout the paper, we use examples and
experimental data from two compact H- cyclotrons for reference:
the TR-30 series and the TRIUMF 500 MeV machine.
On the energy limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons
Authors: Kleeven Wiel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Existing analytical models for transverse beam dynamics in
isochronous cyclotrons are often not valid or not precise for
relativistic energies. The main difficulty in developing such models
lies in the fact that cross-terms between derivatives of the average
magnetic field and the azimuthally varying components cannot be
neglected at higher energies. Taking such cross-terms rigorously
into account results in an even larger number of terms that need to
be included in the equations. In this paper, a method is developed
which is relativistically correct and which provides results that
are practical and easy to use. We derive new formulas, graphs and
tables for the radial and vertical tunes in terms of the flutter,
its radial derivatives, the spiral angle and the relativistic
gamma. Using this method, we study the 2νr
= N structural
resonance (N is number of sectors) and provide formulas and graphs
for its stopband. Combining those equations with the new equation
for the vertical tune, we find the stability zone and the energy
limit of compact isochronous cyclotrons for any value of N. We
confront the new analytical method with closed orbit simulations of
the IBA C400 cyclotron for hadron therapy.
Stoichiometry on the edge—humans induce strong imbalances of reactive C:N:P ratios in streams
Authors: Wachholz Alexander , Dehaspe Joni , Ebeling Pia , Kumar Rohini , Musolff Andreas , Saavedra Felipe , Winter Carolin , Yang Soohyun , Graeber Daniel 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs led to severe degradation of surface water resources, affecting aquatic ecosystem health and functioning. Ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and ecosystem metabolism are not only affected by the over-abundance of a single macronutrient but also by the stoichiometry of the reactive molecular forms of dissolved organic carbon (rOC), nitrogen (rN), and phosphorus (rP). So far, studies mainly considered only single macronutrients or used stoichiometric ratios such as N:P or C:N independent from each other. We argue that a mutual assessment of reactive nutrient ratios rOC:rN:rP relative to organismic demands enables us to refine the definition of nutrient depletion versus excess and to understand their linkages to catchment-internal biogeochemical and hydrological processes. Here we show that the majority (94%) of the studied 574 German catchments show a depletion or co-depletion in rOC and rP, illustrating the ubiquity of excess N in anthropogenically influenced landscapes. We found an emerging spatial pattern of depletion classes linked to the interplay of agricultural sources and subsurface denitrification for rN and topographic controls of rOC. We classified catchments into stoichio-static and stochio-dynamic catchments based on their degree of intra-annual variability of rOC:rN:rP ratios. Stoichio-static catchments (36% of all catchments) tend to have higher rN median concentrations, lower temporal rN variability and generally low rOC medians. Our results demonstrate the severe extent of imbalances in rOC:rN:rP ratios in German rivers due to human activities. This likely affects the inland-water nutrient retention efficiency, their level of eutrophication, and their role in the global carbon cycle. Thus, it calls for a more holistic catchment and aquatic ecosystem management integrating rOC:rN:rP stoichiometry as a fundamental principle.
Percolation of fully penetrable disks using the three-leg cluster method
Authors: Koza Zbigniew , Brzeski Piotr , Kondrat Grzegorz 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
The three-leg cluster method is a relatively new approach to computing the percolation thresholds. To date, it has only been applied to lattice models. It is characterized by high versatility in choosing the shape of the system and by the universal probability

1

/

2

that, at the phase transition, a three-leg cluster exists that spans three segments of the system border. We applied it to the problem of continuous percolation of discs, for which we estimated the critical filling factor to be

1.128

086

7
(
5
)

. This confirms that the three-leg cluster method is applicable to continuous percolation models.
Non-geometric tilt-to-length coupling in precision interferometry: mechanisms and analytical descriptions
Authors: Hartig Marie-Sophie , Schuster Sönke , Heinzel Gerhard , Wanner Gudrun 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
This paper is the second in a set of two investigating tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling. TTL describes the cross-coupling of angular or translational jitter into an interferometric phase signal and is an important noise source in precision interferometers, including space gravitational wave detectors like LISA. We discussed in Hartig et al (2022 J. Opt.
24 065601) the TTL coupling effects originating from optical path length changes, i.e. geometric TTL coupling. Within this work, we focus on the wavefront and detector geometry dependent TTL coupling, called non-geometric TTL coupling, in the case of two interfering fundamental Gaussian beams. We characterise the coupling originating from the properties of the interfering beams, i.e. their absolute and relative angle at the detector, their relative offset and the individual beam parameters. Furthermore, we discuss the dependency of the TTL coupling on the geometry of the detecting photodiode. Wherever possible, we provide analytical expressions for the expected TTL coupling effects. We investigate the non-geometric coupling effects originating from beam walk due to the angular or translational jitter of a mirror or a receiving system. These effects are directly compared with the corresponding detected optical path length changes in Hartig et al (2022 J. Opt.
24 065601). Both together provide the total interferometric readout. We discuss in which cases the geometric and non-geometric TTL effects cancel one-another. Additionally, we list linear TTL contributions that can be used to counteract other TTL effects. Altogether, our results provide key knowledge to minimise the total TTL coupling noise in experiments by design or realignment.
Improving the physical and mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Gyani Jail 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe current state-of-the-art review indicates the need for future research to develop recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) properties like natural aggregate (NA) as specified by Indian or international codes. By improving the physical and mechanical properties of RCA, recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) may achieve more similar performance to natural aggregate concrete (NAC). RCA’s physical and mechanical properties are enhanced by mechanical treatments, chemical treatments, chemical-mechanical treatments, thermal treatments, and thermomechanical treatments. Additionally, RCA is coated with supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and nanomaterials to increase its properties. RCA can be thermally treated to improve its properties while lowering its energy consumption by adjusting the treatment duration. RCA properties are altered by mechanical treatment when charges and revolutions are changed. It is possible to determine the set of charges and drum revolutions that may produce the RCA with optimal physical and mechanical properties using decision-making statistical techniques. A specific weight can be given to each physical or mechanical property of a treated RCA when evaluating its performance. The same procedure can be used for chemical-mechanical and thermomechanical treatments. It is possible to manufacture industrial RAC from the RCA produced by this procedure. It may be anticipated that RAC composed of RCA with optimized physical and mechanical properties will be more similar to NAC in terms of its physical, mechanical, and durability properties. It is also possible to improve the material properties of the treated RCA by coating them with SCMs or nanomaterials even more. The effect of SCM, nanomaterial, and fiber on the physical, mechanical, and durability properties of RAC composed of treated RCA could be studied in the future.
Can two-dimensional graphdiyne-based materials be novel materials for perovskite solar cell applications?
Authors: Lim Eng Liang , Wei Zhanhua 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) graphdiyne (GDY)-based materials have attracted attention in the solar cell research community owing to their unique physicochemical properties and hydrophobic nature which can serve as moisture resistance from the surrounding medium. Benefiting from these, the performance and stability ofperovskite solar cells (PSCs) can be greatly improved via the addition of 2D GDY-based materials. This mini-review summarizes the recent development of 2D GDY-based materials for PSC application. The roles of 2D GDY-based materials, such as hole transporting material, electron transporting material, dopant material in perovskite film and interfacial layer, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we provide future perspectives in this field, aiming to help further progress efficient and stable 2D GDY-based materials in PSCs.
Point: Should AJE Allow Submissions of Manuscripts That Have Been Previously Posted on Preprint Servers and Received Media Attention?
Authors: Kawachi Ichiro 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
In weighing the question of whether AJE should accept preprints that have received press coverage, we need to keep in mind 3 sets of interests: the public interest, the publisher’s interest, and the author’s interest. During public health emergencies, such as a pandemic, the author’s interests (rapid communication of scientific findings to the public) are aligned with the public interest (learning about life-saving information as early as possible). However, the interests of different parties are not always aligned. In most cases, preprinted articles do not concern matters of life or death. Widespread dissemination of studies via preprint services conflicts with the journal editor’s interest in delivering fresh, original content. Dissemination of study results prior to peer review can occasionally backfire and cause unintended harm if the findings turn out to be false.
Phylostems: a new graphical tool to investigate temporal signal of heterochronous sequences datasets
Authors: Doizy Anna , Prin Amaury , Cornu Guillaume , Chiroleu Frederic , Rieux Adrien 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMotivationMolecular tip-dating of phylogenetic trees is a growing discipline that uses DNA sequences sampled at different points in time to co-estimate the timing of evolutionary events with rates of molecular evolution. Importantly, such inferences should only be performed on datasets displaying sufficient temporal signal, a feature important to test prior to any tip-dating inference. For this purpose, the most popular method considered to-date has been the ‘root-to-tip regression’ which consist in fitting a linear regression of the number of substitutions accumulated from the root to the tips of a phylogenetic tree as a function of sampling times. The main limitation of the regression method, in its current implementation, relies in the fact that the temporal signal can only be tested at the whole-tree scale (i.e. its root).ResultsTo overcome this limitation we introduce Phylostems, a new graphical user-friendly tool developed to investigate temporal signal within every clade of a phylogenetic tree. We provide a ‘how to’ guide by running Phylostems on an empirical dataset and supply guidance for results interpretation.Availability and implementationPhylostems is freely available at https://pvbmt-apps.cirad.fr/apps/phylostems.
Real-life ankle submovements and computer mouse use reflect patient-reported function in adult ataxias
Authors: Eklund Nicole M , Ouillon Jessey , Pandey Vineet , Stephen Christopher D , Schmahmann Jeremy D , Edgerton Jeremy , Gajos Krzysztof Z , Gupta Anoopum S 
Published: March 2023

AbstractNovel disease-modifying therapies are being evaluated in spinocerebellar ataxias and multiple system atrophy. Clinician-performed disease rating scales are relatively insensitive for measuring disease change over time, resulting in large and long clinical trials. We tested the hypothesis that sensors worn continuously at home during natural behaviour and a web-based computer mouse task performed at home could produce interpretable, meaningful and reliable motor measures for potential use in clinical trials. Thirty-four individuals with degenerative ataxias (spinocerebellar ataxia types 1, 2, 3 and 6 and multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type) and eight age-matched controls completed the cross-sectional study. Participants wore an ankle and wrist sensor continuously at home for 1 week and completed the Hevelius computer mouse task eight times over 4 weeks. We examined properties of motor primitives called ‘submovements’ derived from the continuous wearable sensors and properties of computer mouse clicks and trajectories in relationship to patient-reported measures of function (Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Ataxia) and ataxia rating scales (Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale). The test–retest reliability of digital measures and differences between ataxia and control participants were evaluated. Individuals with ataxia had smaller, slower and less powerful ankle submovements during natural behaviour at home. A composite measure based on ankle submovements strongly correlated with ataxia rating scale scores (Pearson’s r = 0.82–0.88), strongly correlated with self-reported function (r = 0.81), had high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.95) and distinguished ataxia and control participants, including preataxic individuals (n = 4) from controls. A composite measure based on computer mouse movements and clicks strongly correlated with ataxia rating scale total (r = 0.86–0.88) and arm scores (r = 0.65–0.75), correlated well with self-reported function (r = 0.72–0.73) and had high test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). These data indicate that interpretable, meaningful and highly reliable motor measures can be obtained from continuous measurement of natural movement, particularly at the ankle location, and from computer mouse movements during a simple point-and-click task performed at home. This study supports the use of these two inexpensive and easy-to-use technologies in longitudinal natural history studies in spinocerebellar ataxias and multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type and shows promise as potential motor outcome measures in interventional trials.