bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The help that hinders? A meta‐analysis of reactions to affirmative action
Authors: Greig Samantha M. , Coundouris Sarah P. , Fletcher Genevieve L. , Henry Julie D. , Hippel Courtney von 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMany organizations use affirmative action to increase diversity in their workforce. Although these programmes are well intentioned, previous research suggests there may be negative consequences that undermine or reduce their benefits. This three‐level meta‐analysis investigates responses to affirmative action by integrating 437 effect sizes from 78 studies. The results show that affirmative action elicits small to moderate negative effects. These negative reactions are moderated by three key factors: (1) the age of the study, with negative effects diminished in more recent studies; (2) the strength of affirmative action, with policies that provide more preferential treatment to their recipients regarded more negatively and (3) the outcome being measured, with judgments regarding fairness showing the largest negative effects. Notably, behavioural and intrapersonal outcomes, as well as tiebreak affirmative‐action policies, do not appear to result in negative reactions. Although beneficiary status did not moderate the effect, subgroup analyses suggest that responses of non‐beneficiaries were more unfavourable than those of beneficiaries. Analysis of possible publication bias and study quality suggest acceptable evidentiary value of the overall effect. Finally, the meta‐analysis identifies important gaps that need to be addressed in future research to inform and optimize diversity, equity and inclusion policies and practices.
TransitionED: A protocol for Co‐designing and implementing Canadian practice guidelines for transitions for youth with eating disorders
Authors: Dimitropoulos Gina , Singh Manya , Mushquash Christopher , Kimber Melissa , Hutt‐MacLeod Daphne , Moore Elder Kerrie , Perri Andrea , Webb Cheryl , Norman Lia , Sauerwein Jessica , Nicula Maria , Couturier Jennifer 
Published: September 2023

AbstractObjectiveLimited guidelines inform the transition from paediatric to adult healthcare for youth and young adults (YYA) with eating disorders (EDs). This study will develop, implement, and evaluate Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for ED transition, including identifying the relevant measurement and evaluation tools for transition readiness and continuity of care.MethodsThis study consists of three phases. Phase 1 involves conducting a scoping review of the evidence on transition interventions, outcomes, and measurement tools for YYA with EDs, along with guideline development using the modified Delphi method. Phase 2 identifies the contextual/cultural factors relevant to guideline implementation and co‐designing an implementation protocol with governance committees and research partners. Phase 3 involves the application and evaluation of the proposed guide lines using the implementation protocol, and assessing the acceptability and feasibility of a prototype transition intervention in two Canadian paediatric ED programs.ConclusionsResults will provide the knowledge needed to enhance the lives of YYA, improve the effectiveness of the ED care system, and support the scale of the transition guidelines across Canada. These guidelines will have international relevance by potentially informing the field on how to support young people with EDs transitioning in similar funding structures and systems of care.
Longitudinal investigation of patients receiving involuntary treatment for extremely severe anorexia nervosa
Authors: Abry Florent , Gorwood Philip , Hanachi Mouna , Di Lodovico Laura 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionInvoluntary treatment may be a life‐saving option for extremely severe anorexia nervosa (AN) in the context of life‐threatening conditions and refusal of care. The long‐term outcomes of patients undergoing involuntary treatment for AN are poorly understood. This study aims to explore quality of life, long‐term outcomes and attitudes towards involuntary treatment in patients involuntarily treated for extremely severe AN.Methods23 patients involuntarily admitted for extremely severe AN (I‐AN), and 25 voluntarily admitted patients (V‐AN) were compared for body mass index (BMI), residual symptoms, quality of life, and attitudes towards treatment almost four years after discharge. In I‐AN, clinical variables were also compared between admission and follow‐up.ResultsAt follow‐up, weight restoration was higher in V‐AN (p = 0.01), while differences in quality of life, BMI, and mortality rates were not significant between I‐AN and V‐AN (p > 0.05). In I‐AN, BMI increased and weight‐controlling strategies decreased at follow‐up (p < 0.05). Despite negative experiences of involuntary treatment, the perception of the necessity of treatment increased from admission to follow‐up (p < 0.01) and became comparable to V‐AN (p > 0.05).DiscussionInvoluntary treatment for AN does not appear to be a barrier to weight gain and clinical improvement, nor to long‐term attitudes towards treatment.
Developing a thermodynamic model for the circulating air using an opaque system
Authors: Dhaundiyal Alok , Toth Laszlo 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe paper focuses on energy modelling that involves a concatenated structure of a linear time‐invariant system. A block‐structured (BS) technique was adopted for a nonlinear system identification. Using the superimposition principle, the model mapped the thermodynamic state variables as an indirect function of time to the output function. The available energy and degradation of solar radiation are determined through a black box model. For testing and validation purposes, a solar collector with recirculating air was considered. The basic principle is to establish a relation between state variables and the performance parameters, without invoking the conventional thermodynamic relationship between them. The output of the model was compared with the validation data to ensure whether or not there was any affinity between them. The sigmoidal, wavenet, and polynomial forms of nonlinearity provided a good fit to the experimental dataset. The mean absolute percentage error encountered while estimating the collector efficiency was noticed to vary from −4.85 × 10−03% to 1.22 × 10−03%. Similarly, it falls in the domain of −4.73 × 10−04% to 7.78 × 10−02% for the second law efficiency. The maximum heat loss rate (BS model) obtained across the first and second passages of the solar air collector was 235.41 and 218.19 W at the air mass flow rate of 8.10 g/s, which is congruent to the validation dataset.
Influence of dilution parameters on the internal flow field and dilution ratio of a particulate matter sampling diluter
Authors: Xiao Hongliang , Xiao Yonggang , Geng Limin , Chen Hao 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDilution sampling systems are crucial for obtaining accurate measurements of engine exhaust particulate mass and number. The system design requires a comprehensive understanding of the impact of dilution parameters on its internal flow field and dilution ratio. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an ejector diluter was established. This CFD model was validated based on results of experiments conducted on a diesel engine with the self‐designed partial flow sampling system. The discrepancies between the simulation and experimental results of the dilution ratio were acceptable (average error of 7.42% and a minimum error of 0.72%). These errors indicated that the model was suitable for performing numerical simulations. The effects of the dilution parameters, including exhaust gas velocity, exhaust gas temperature, and air velocity, on the internal flow field and dilution ratio of the diluter system were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the exhaust velocity from 0.542 to 1.489 m/s decreased the dilution ratio from 41.31 to 15.98 when the air velocity and pressure were constant at 9.147 m/s and 200 kPa, respectively. A 100 K increase in exhaust temperature increased the dilution ratio by 1.62 on average. When the air velocity was increased from 4.333 to 28.405 m/s, the dilution ratio significantly increased from 10.55 to 64.66 when the exhaust velocity and pressure were constant at 1.083 m/s and 90 kPa, respectively.
A comprehensive review into the effects of different parameters on the hydrogen‐added HCCI diesel engine
Authors: Das Shyamal , Debnath Biplab Kumar , Negi Sushant , Das Biplab , Safari Sadegh , Reddy Bale V. , Debbarma Sumita , Ehyaei Mehdi A. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe current study presents research investigations and developments related to the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine. Research investigations and recent advances, including the role of various operating conditions on HCCI engine combustion phenomena, emissions, and performance, are discussed. There is growing research interest in investigating HCCI engines with diesel fuel to study combustion, emissions, and performance characteristics due to their association with low NOx emissions. In the published literature, research investigations are also conducted with different fuels ranging from biomass to diesel to gasoline in the HCCI engine showing its capability for utilizing various fuels in coming years. The challenges associated with HCCI combustion are reviewed, and the details of excessive carbon monoxide and unburnt hydrocarbon emissions are discussed. The major parameters affecting the hydrogen addition in HCCI diesel engines are also discussed. Overall, adding hydrogen to a diesel‐fueled HCCI engine improves combustion phasing and can potentially increase thermal efficiency while lowering emissions. In addition, the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threat analysis is provided and discussed thoroughly.
PAQR3 facilitates the ferroptosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma via the regulation of LDLR‐mediated PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Song Xiangxiang , Zhang Weiming , Yu Nasha , Zhong Xing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractProgesterone and adiponectin receptor 3 (PAQR3) has been found to regulate tumor progression by mediating cell ferroptosis. However, whether PAQR3 mediates ferroptosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) needs further investigation. The mRNA and protein levels of PAQR3 and low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were assessed by qRT‐PCR and WB assays. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and EdU assay. Shrunken mitochondria was counted under transmission electron microscope. Cell ferroptosis was evaluated by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, Fe2+, and the protein expression of ferroptosis‐related markers. PAQR3 and LDLR interaction was confirmed by RIP assay and pull‐down assay. Our study showed that PAQR3 was underexpressed, while LDLR was overexpressed in DLBCL tissues and cells. Functionally, PAQR3 overexpression or LDLR knockdown restrained DLBCL cell proliferation and enhanced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, PAQR3 reduced LDLR expression by inhibiting its mRNA stability. Meanwhile, LDLR overexpression reversed PAQR3‐mediated the promoting on DLBCL cell ferroptosis, and LY294002 (PI3K/AKT inhibitor) eliminated the inhibiting effects of LDLR overexpression on DLBCL cell ferroptosis. Additionally, excessive PAQR3 reduced DLBCL tumor growth by enhancing tumor cell ferroptosis through LDLR‐mediated PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, our data suggested that PAQR3 restrained DLBCL progression by aggravating ferroptosis, which was achieved by inhibiting LDLR expression to repress PI3K/AKT pathway.
A qualitative study evaluating provider perceptions of implementing warfarin patient self‐management in the United States healthcare system
Authors: Wilson Aaron S. , Slager Stacey , Jones Aubrey E. , Vazquez Sara R. , Barnes Geoffrey D. , Sylvester Katelyn , Chan Linh , Ragheb Bishoy , Witt Daniel M. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundDespite consensus guideline recommendations, the use of warfarin patient self‐management (PSM) in the US healthcare system remains small in comparison to European countries.ObjectivesTo gain understanding of the barriers and facilitators to warfarin PSM in US healthcare systems through exploration of the opinions of select US anticoagulation management service providers.MethodsFocus group discussions were conducted at five geographically diverse sites. Grounded theory analysis was performed on focus group transcriptions using the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) to identify facilitators and barriers to PSM implementation within the US healthcare system.ResultsA total of 29 providers participated in eight focus group sessions. Five major themes emerged from the interviews: (1) “Ideal” PSM candidates possess identifiable characteristics (CFIR domain “Characteristics of Individuals”); (2) Providers harbor fears and lack familiarity with PSM facts and principles (CFIR domains “Characteristics of Individuals”; “Inner Setting”; and “Outer Setting”); (3) Providers mistrust patients' capability to engage in PSM (CFIR domains “Characteristics of Individuals”; “Inner Setting”; “Outer Setting”; and “Process”); (4) Despite acknowledging PSM advantages many providers cite workflow issues as barriers to implementation (CFIR domains “Intervention Characteristics”; “Inner Setting”; “Outer Setting”; and “Process”); and (5) Providers differed on how to best train patients to do PSM (CFIR domains “Intervention Characteristics”; and “Inner Setting”).ConclusionsProvider concern for patient safety contributes to hesitancy to relinquish control and mistrust of patients' ability to participate in PSM. Education and implementation strategies will be key to overcoming barriers to PSM in the United States.
Adolescents' social interaction skills on social media versus in person and the correlations to well‐being
Authors: Lamash Liron , Fogel Yael , Hen‐Herbst Liat 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐quality social interactions with peers could protect adolescents' mental health, resilience, and well‐being. Assessing their social interaction skills (SIS) is essential to enhancing them. However, few instruments provide information about SIS in in‐person and social media environments. The SIS Questionnaire (SISQ) was developed to fill this gap, spotlighting adolescents' viewpoints on SIS in both environments. This study aimed to describe the SISQ development and psychometric properties, differences in adolescents' SIS in both environments, and relationships between the adolescents' SIS and subjective well‐being.MethodsA total of 214 typically developed adolescents aged 12–18 (M = 15.3 years, SD = 1.77; 61.2% girls) completed online questionnaires (demographic, SISQ, and Five Well‐Being Index). We used exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, Cronbach's alpha for internal reliability, t‐tests for differences in SIS, Cohen's d for effect sizes, and Pearson correlations and hierarchical regression for relationships between SIS and well‐being.ResultsThe SISQ has content validity and a monofactorial scale construct validity with very good internal reliability. Participants rated their in‐person SIS significantly higher than on social media, t(213) = −5.24, p < 0.001, d = 0.36, and the in‐person environment as more important, t(213) = −11.57, p < 0.001, d = 0.79, than the social media environment. A significant correlation was found between both in‐person SIS (r = 0.41, p < 0.001) and social media (r = 0.34, p < 0.01) and well‐being.ConclusionThe SISQ is a valid, reliable tool for assessing adolescents' SIS, essential to promoting these skills in this unique environment.
School bullying and self‐efficacy in adolescence: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yanxi , Yu Xiaohong , An Fusen , Wang Yiji 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionGiven that literature has examined the relation between school bullying and self‐efficacy, findings have been mixed. This meta‐analysis aimed to clarify whether school bullying is associated with adolescents' self‐efficacy, a key component of social information processing essential for the evaluation of potential behavioral responses. We further examined moderators associated with heterogeneity in the above relation, including participant roles, types of school bullying, types of self‐efficacy, and demographic factors (e.g., age, gender, and cultural background).MethodThis study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses Statement for searching, identifying, and screening eligible articles. A total of 53 articles (N = 71,661; Mage = 12.69 years) were included (50 in English and 3 in Chinese). Articles were coded by two graduate‐level coders independently with a high inter‐rater reliability (97.12%).ResultsThe results showed that (1) school bullying was negatively associated with self‐efficacy (r = −.07, p < .001) among adolescents, and (2) the above relation varied by participant role (e.g., bullies, victims, bully‐victims, and defenders), types of school bullying (e.g., traditional bullying, cyberbullying, and both), and types of self‐efficacy (e.g., general and domain‐specific self‐efficacy).FindingsThe findings highlight that school bullying is associated with disruptive cognitive processing in adolescence, low self‐efficacy in particular, and the heterogeneity should be considered to fully understand the association between school bullying and self‐efficacy among adolescents.
The how and the why of study choice processes in higher education: The role of parental involvement and the experience of having an authentic inner compass
Authors: Vermote B. , Soenens B. , Vansteenkiste M. , Coenye J. , Verschueren K. , Beyers W. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIntroductionLate adolescents differ in the degree to which they are thoroughly engaged in the study choice process and in the degree to which their choices are autonomous in nature. This study examined the unique and interactive roles of (a) parental involvement in the study choice process and (b) late adolescents' sense of having an authentic inner compass (AIC) in predicting their study choice decision‐making.MethodA cross‐sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 331 12th‐grade adolescents from the Flemish part of Belgium (68.3% female; Mage = 18.04, SD = 0.48) in the spring of 2017 and 2018.ResultsResults of the latent sum and difference models revealed that late adolescents experiencing a stronger AIC and more need‐supportive parental involvement showed more engagement in and autonomous regulation of the study choice process. In contrast, when experiencing more controlling parental involvement or uninvolvement, late adolescents showed more controlled regulation, with parental control also being linked to less commitment. Although mothers were perceived to be more involved than fathers, maternal and paternal involvement were equally strongly related to the study choice tasks.ConclusionOverall, late adolescents' sense of having an AIC and parental involvement were related independently to the outcomes, with sense of having an AIC yielding the strongest associations.
Insights on biotic and abiotic 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid degradation by anaerobic iron‐cycling bacteria
Authors: Stevenson Zackry , Tong Hui , Swanner Elizabeth D. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe use of the phenoxy herbicide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) has been steadily increasing in recent years due to its selectivity against broad‐leafed weeds and use on genetically modified crops resistant to 2,4‐D. This increases the likelihood of 2,4‐D persisting in agriculturally impacted soils, sediments, and aquatic systems. Aerobic microorganisms are capable of degrading 2,4‐D enzymatically. Anaerobic degradation also occurs, though the enzymatic pathway is unclear. Iron‐reducing bacteria (FeRB) have been hypothesized to augment anaerobic degradation through the production of a chemically reactive Fe(II) adsorbed to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. To test whether this iron species can catalyze abiotic degradation of 2,4‐D, an enrichment culture (BLA1) containing a photosynthetic Fe(II)‐oxidizing bacterium (FeOB) "Candidatus Chlorobium masyuteum" and the FeRB "Candidatus Pseudopelobacter ferreus", both of which lacked known 2,4‐D degradation genes was investigated. BLA1 produces Fe(II)‐adsorbed to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides during alternating photoautotrophic iron oxidation and dark iron reduction (amended with acetate) cycles. No 2,4‐D degradation occurred during iron oxidation by FeOB Ca. C. masyuteum or during iron reduction by FeRB Ca. P. ferreus under any incubation conditions tested (i.e., +/−Fe(II), +/−cells, and +/−light), or due to the presence of Fe(II) adsorbed to Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. Our results cast doubt on the hypothesis that the mineral‐bound Fe(II) species augments the anaerobic degradation of 2,4‐D in anoxic soils and waters by iron‐cycling bacteria, and further justify the need to identify the genetic underpinnings of anaerobic 2,4‐D degradation.
Reliability of simulating internal precipitation variability over multi‐timescales using multiple global climate model large ensembles in China
Authors: Liu Jiahe , Chen Jie , Zhang Xunchang J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSingle model initial‐condition large ensembles (SMILEs) are valuable means to study the role of internal climate variability (ICV) in climate change. However, the ability of SMILEs to represent the multi‐timescale ICV is not fully understood, especially in the region of China. The main objective of this work is to assess the ability of six advanced SMILEs with ensemble members ranging from 30 to 100 in simulating ICV of precipitation at various timescales in China, using a set of observational datasets as the benchmark. To have a first insight into the selected models, the mean states and trends of annual precipitation were evaluated at the very beginning. The ICV of precipitation was then calculated at multiple timescales by two widely used methods of representing temporal variability and intermember variability. The minimum required ensemble size for each climate model to robustly capture the true value of ICV is investigated at last. The results show that the multiple SMILEs can capture the basic spatial distribution pattern of ICV across timescales. However, the ICV represented by temporal variability underestimates observed ICV in most regions across timescales. The ICV represented by intermember variability is similar to that represented by temporal variability at the interannual and interdecadal timescales, but significantly larger at the multidecadal timescales. Within ±10% error limit, 20–30 members are sufficient for all climate models at the interannual timescale while ensemble sizes of 74% or more of the full sizes for each climate model are needed at multidecadal timescales.