bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Phase Scrambling” Algorithm for Parallel Multislice Simulation of Multiple Phonon and Plasmon Scattering Configurations
Authors: Mendis B G 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Multislice simulations of 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) data are computationally demanding due to the large number of STEM probe positions that must be calculated. For accurate analysis, inelastic scattering from phonons and plasmons must also be included. However, current frozen phonon and Monte Carlo plasmon techniques require a separate calculation for each different phonon/plasmon configuration, and are therefore not suitable for scaling up to 4D STEM. Here a phase scrambling algorithm (PSA) is proposed, which treats all phonon/plasmon configurations simultaneously. A random phase is introduced to maintain incoherence between the different inelastic scattering events; this is the phase scrambling part of the algorithm. While for most applications, a few tens of frozen phonon iterations are sufficient for convergence, in the case of plasmon scattering as many as tens of thousands of iterations may be required. A PSA is statistically more representative of inelastic scattering, and achieves significant savings in computation time for plasmons. The increase in speed is a pre-requisite for 4D STEM inelastic scattering simulations.
Online Virtual Patient Cases vs. Weekly Classroom Lectures in an Internal Medicine Clerkship: Effects on Military Learner Outcomes
Authors: Petersen Kyle , Dong Ting , Hemmer Paul A , Kelly William F 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Virtual patient cases (VPCs), a type of simulated, interactive electronic learning, are a potentially important tool for military health care providers in austere or pandemic settings to maintain skills but need more validation. Our military internal medicine clerkship is spread across military treatment facilities around the country and has 15 weekly live student lectures, but students randomly miss the first, second, or third 5 weeks due to their psychiatry clerkship. We hypothesized that VPCs would be an adequate replacement for lost lectures.

Materials and Methods
We compared live lectures to a web-based VPC and analyzed the academic outcomes of 734 students from 2015 to 2022.

Results
Using our end-of-clerkship Script Concordance Test (SCT) as the primary outcome, there was no significant difference in performance between the 2 learning methods (VPC, 63.9% correct; lectures 63.2%, P = .27). After controlling for gender, baseline knowledge, and the total number of VPCs completed, there was still not a statistically significant difference between teaching methods (F(1,728) = 0.52, P = .47). There was also no significant differences in all other clerkship outcomes including National Board of Medical Examiner and Objective Structured Clinical Examination scores.

Conclusion
VPCs appear noninferior at teaching clinical reasoning as measured by SCT. VPCs might be substituted for traditional, live lectures in clerkships when time or other resources are limited, in austere environments such as military deployments, or during conditions limiting interpersonal contact such as pandemics but are not a complete substitution for in-person learning.
A Review of Electrolyte, Mineral, and Vitamin Changes After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kocik Veronica I , April Michael D , Rizzo Julie A , Dengler Bradley A , Schauer Steven G 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both civilian and military populations, the management guidelines developed by the Joint Trauma System involve minimal recommendations for electrolyte physiology optimization during the acute phase of TBI recovery. This narrative review aims to assess the current state of the science for electrolyte and mineral derangements found after TBI.

Materials and Methods
We used Google Scholar and PubMed to identify literature on electrolyte derangements caused by TBI and supplements that may mitigate secondary injuries after TBI between 1991 and 2022.

Results
We screened 94 sources, of which 26 met all inclusion criteria. Most were retrospective studies (n = 9), followed by clinical trials (n = 7), observational studies (n = 7), and case reports (n = 2). Of those, 29% covered the use of some type of supplement to support recovery after TBI, 28% covered electrolyte or mineral derangements after TBI, 16% covered the mechanisms of secondary injury after TBI and how they are related to mineral and electrolyte derangements, 14% covered current management of TBI, and 13% covered the potential toxic effects of the supplements during TBI recovery.

Conclusions
Knowledge of mechanisms and subsequent derangements of electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin physiology after TBI remains incomplete. Sodium and potassium tended to be the most well-studied derangements after TBI. Overall, data involving human subjects were limited and mostly involved observational studies. The data on vitamin and mineral effects were limited, and targeted research is needed before further recommendations can be made. Data on electrolyte derangements were stronger, but interventional studies are needed to assess causation.
Therapeutic Relationship in mTBI Rehabilitation: The Disparity Between the Illness Experience and Clinical Definitions
Authors: Cogan Alison M , Bailie Jason M 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A positive therapeutic relationship is characterized by trust and mutually perceived genuineness. It is positively associated with patients’ adherence to treatment, satisfaction, and health outcomes. When service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) present to rehabilitation clinics with nonspecific symptoms, a disparity between their experience of disability and clinical expectations of mTBI may disrupt the establishment of a positive therapeutic relationship between patients and providers. The objectives of this study are to (1) explore disparities between military service members and rehabilitation clinicians about the clinical diagnosis and illness experience of mTBI and (2) identify barriers to the establishment of a positive therapeutic relationship.

Materials and Methods
This is a qualitative descriptive study of military service members with prior mTBI (n = 18) and clinicians (n = 16) who participated in interviews and focus groups. Data were analyzed thematically using Kleinman’s framing of illness experience and clinical diagnosis.

Results
Three themes reflected the potential breakdowns in the therapeutic relationship. The first theme, clinical expectations for post-injury recovery versus patients’ experience of ongoing disability, reflects the inconsistency between clinicians’ expectations of symptom resolution within 90 days following mTBI and service members’ experiences of symptoms that worsened over several months or years. The second theme, symptom attribution to mental health conditions versus tissue injury, describes the difficulty in attributing symptoms to the physical impact of the mTBI or mental health diagnoses that may also stem from the injury event. The third theme, suspected malingering versus valid disability, describes clinicians’ reports of frustration with cases in which they suspected malingering for secondary gains in contrast with service members’ feelings that their problems were not taken seriously by clinicians.

Conclusions
This study extended previous research on therapeutic relationships by examining the situation of mTBI rehabilitation services for military service members. The findings reinforce the best practice recommendations of acknowledging patients’ experiences, addressing the presenting symptoms and problems, and encouraging progressive return to activity following mTBI. Acknowledgment of and attention to patients’ illness experience by rehabilitation clinicians is necessary and important for supporting a positive therapeutic relationship and ultimately to optimize patients’ health outcomes and reduce disability.
Factors Associated With the Acceptance of Military Applicants to a U.S. Allopathic Medical School
Authors: Ditzel Ricky M , Nield Linda S , Nease Emily K , Wamsley Lauren M , Eisenhart William , Fisher Andrew D , Vallejo Manuel C 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Service members and veterans applying to medical schools can be a challenging experience. Often, the applicants have difficulty providing descriptions of their experiences. Additionally, their pathway to medical school is significantly different compared to traditional applicants. We sought to determine if there were statistically significant factors within a cohort of U.S. military medical school applications to a U.S.-based allopathic medical school to provide recommendations on how to best advise military applicants.

Methods
Data about social, academic, and military factors were collected and analyzed from the American College Application Service (AMCAS) applications to the West Virginia University School of Medicine (WVU SoM) from the 2017 to 2021 cycles. Eligibility criteria included the applications that indicated that the applicant listed any type of military experience.

Results
In the 5-year study period, there were 25,514 applicants to the WVU SoM, and 1.6% (n = 414) self-identified as military applicants. Of the military applicants, 28 (7%) were accepted to the WVU SoM. Statistically significant differences were found in several factors, including but not limited to academic performance, number of total experiences (14.5 vs. 12, P = .01), and number of military experiences (4 vs. 2, P = .003) listed on the AMCAS applications. In the accepted group, 88% of the applications included information about military experiences, which was understandable to the nonmilitary researchers compared to 79% in the nonaccepted group (P = .24).

Conclusions
Premedical advisors can share statistically significant findings with military applicants, so they are informed about the academic and experiential factors associated with medical school acceptance. Applicants should also be advised to provide clear explanations of any military lexicon used in their applications. Although not statistically significant, there were a higher percentage of applications that contained descriptions of military language that was understandable to the civilian researchers in the accepted group vs. the nonaccepted group.
Humanitarian Assistance Lessons Learned From Providing Acute Medical Care for Afghan Nationals on a U.S. Military Base
Authors: Koch Eric J , Lopachin Tyler , Fayos Zane , Lynch Timothy , Korduba Adrian , Barry Michael 
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT
Operation Allies Welcome provided a unique opportunity for military medical personnel to engage in humanitarian assistance operations on military bases in the USA. With thousands of Afghan nationals evacuated from Kabul in August 2021 to various military installations across the USA, the Military Health System was tasked with health screening, emergency care, and disease prevention and surveillance in resource-limited settings. Marine Corps Base Quantico served as a “safe haven” site from August to December 2021, providing refuge to nearly 5000 travelers awaiting resettlement. During this time, active duty medical personnel provided 10,122 primary and acute patient encounters to patients aged &lt; 1 to 90 years. Pediatrics represented 44% of the total encounters and children aged less than 5 years represented nearly 62% of the pediatric visits. In caring for this population, the authors were able to learn important lessons about humanitarian assistance capabilities, the difficulties of establishing acute care centers in a resource-limited environment, and the importance of cultural competency. Recommendations include staffing with medical providers that can see a large volume of pediatric, obstetrics, and urgent care visits, with less emphasis on trauma and surgical capabilities, which are the more traditional focus of military medicine. To this end, the authors advocate for the creation of specific humanitarian assistance supply blocks that would focus more on urgent and primary care treatments as well as an ample supply of pediatric, neonatal, and prenatal medicines. Further, early engagement with telecommunications companies when practicing in a remote location can be crucial to mission success. Finally, the medical care team should maintain continued mindfulness of the cultural norms of the population to which aid is given, particularly the gender norms and expectations of Afghan nationals. The authors hope that these lessons can prove informative and may provide increased readiness for future humanitarian assistance missions.
A new G-quadruplex-specific photosensitizer inducing genome instability in cancer cells by triggering oxidative DNA damage and impeding replication fork progression
Authors: Deiana Marco , Andrés Castán José María , Josse Pierre , Kahsay Abraha , Sánchez Darío Puchán , Morice Korentin , Gillet Natacha , Ravindranath Ranjitha , Patel Ankit Kumar , Sengupta Pallabi , Obi Ikenna , Rodriguez-Marquez Eva , Khrouz Lhoussain , Dumont Elise , Abad Galán Laura , Allain Magali , Walker Bright , Ahn Hyun Seo , Maury Olivier , Blanchard Philippe , Le Bahers Tangui , Öhlund Daniel , von Hofsten Jonas , Monnereau Cyrille , Cabanetos Clément , Sabouri Nasim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) ideally relies on the administration, selective accumulation and photoactivation of a photosensitizer (PS) into diseased tissues. In this context, we report a new heavy-atom-free fluorescent G-quadruplex (G4) DNA-binding PS, named DBI. We reveal by fluorescence microscopy that DBI preferentially localizes in intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), precursors of exosomes, which are key components of cancer cell proliferation. Moreover, purified exosomal DNA was recognized by a G4-specific antibody, thus highlighting the presence of such G4-forming sequences in the vesicles. Despite the absence of fluorescence signal from DBI in nuclei, light-irradiated DBI-treated cells generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), triggering a 3-fold increase of nuclear G4 foci, slowing fork progression and elevated levels of both DNA base damage, 8-oxoguanine, and double-stranded DNA breaks. Consequently, DBI was found to exert significant phototoxic effects (at nanomolar scale) toward cancer cell lines and tumor organoids. Furthermore, in vivo testing reveals that photoactivation of DBI induces not only G4 formation and DNA damage but also apoptosis in zebrafish, specifically in the area where DBI had accumulated. Collectively, this approach shows significant promise for image-guided PDT.
Photometric analysis on RZ Horologii: An evolved and active Algol with a δ Scuti component
Authors: Zhang Huiting , Qian Shengbang , Liao Wenping 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
RZ Hor (TIC 31653503) is a long-period (P = 6.68 d) EA-type eclipsing binary that exhibits both chromospheric activity and oscillation. The physical properties of RZ Hor are determined with binary modelling for the first time. It is found that it has a semi-detached configuration with a low mass ratio of q = 0.1606(13), where the secondary component is filled with its Roche lobe. By analyzing all available eclipse times, it is shown that the orbital period of RZ Hor is decreasing at a rate of dP/dt = −5.48 × 10−6 d yr−1. In a typical Algol, a rapid mass transfer from the secondary to the primary should cause the orbital period to be increasing and then the secondary will be temporarily detached from the critical Roche lobe. The present configuration reveals that RZ Hor has undergone a rapid mass transfer and the period decrease can be explained by magnetic stellar wind. We estimate the rate of mass loss initially to be $10^{-8}\, M_{\odot }\, \mathrm{yr}^{-1} &lt; \vert \dot{M}\vert &lt; 10^{-6}\, M_{\odot }$ yr−1. The variations and the asymmetries of the light curve are interpreted by adding a migrating cool spot on the surface of the late-type secondary. After subtracting the eclipsing changes from the light curve data, we analyzed the pulsation in the light residuals. Twenty-five frequencies of signal-to-noise amplitude ratio (S/N) larger than 5.2, including four multiples of tidally split frequencies, were detected. A total of 17 independent frequencies containing 2 radial modes, and 10 non-radial p modes were identified. All the investigations suggest that RZ Hor is an evolved Algol-type binary with a δ Sct-type primary and an active secondary.
Considerations for privacy and confidentiality in adolescent health care service delivery
Authors: Agostino Holly , Toulany Alene 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
A hallmark of delivering quality adolescent health care services is the provision of confidential care. Key tenets when providing confidential care for adolescents include time alone with a health care provider, maintaining the privacy of health information, and securing informed consent for services without permission from a parent, guardian, or caregiver. While confidentiality is a basic principle for all health care encounters regardless of age, the unique considerations for capable adolescent patients are not always realized or appreciated. By ensuring appropriate quantity and quality of confidential care for adolescents, clinicians are better equipped to elicit a comprehensive history and physical examination, while empowering the adolescent involved to develop agency, autonomy, trust, and responsibility for their own health care decision-making and management.
Exhumation of an Archean Granulite Terrane by Paleoproterozoic Orogenesis: Evidence from the North China Craton
Authors: Wang Dan , Mitchell Ross N , Guo Jinghui , Liu Fulai 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Granulites represent high-grade metamorphic rocks of the deep continental crust. The metamorphism and exhumation of granulites from Archean terranes provide insights into the crustal evolution of Archean cratons and shed light on the formation and reactivation of cratons. We present petrology, U–Pb geochronology (zircon, rutile, and titanite), and pressure–temperature (P–T) paths for metadiabase dikes in an Archean granulite terrane of the North China Craton. Garnet (Grt) coronae in the metadiabase dikes are developed between plagioclase (Pl) and clinopyroxene (Cpx) via the reaction Pligneous + Cpx → Pl1 + Grt ± quartz. The reaction proceeds inward within the plagioclase, progressively consuming Pligneous (XAn = 0.65–0.69) and leaving Ca-poor Pl1 (XAn = 0.46–0.53) as the residue. Geothermobarometry and P–T pseudosections suggest peak conditions for garnet formation at ~800°C and 10–13 kbar. During retrograde metamorphism, Grt broke down to Ca-rich Pl2 (XAn = 0.73–0.74), and ilmenite replaced rutile. Geothermobarometry and Zr-in-titanite temperatures constrain the P–T conditions of retrograde metamorphism at 700–750°C and 4.5–7.5 kbar. Zircon and titanite U–Pb geochronology shows that the protolith of the metadiabase dike was formed at 2.4 Ga and underwent granulite-facies metamorphism at 1.86 Ga. The intrusion of mafic dikes into the Archean granulite terrane indicates that the Archean basement was also heated and buried in the Paleoproterozoic. The metadiabase dikes and the hosting Archean basement underwent Paleoproterozoic granulite-facies metamorphism at a depth of ~40 km, followed by near-isothermal decompression and subsequent near-isobaric cooling (cooling rate of 1–3°C Myr−1) at depths of 15–25 km. Crustal shortening and thickening may have been caused by the underplating of the Khondalite series beneath the Archean basement during the amalgamation of supercontinent Columbia. The Paleoproterozoic orogeny induced a second generation of metamorphism of the Archean basement along the margin of the craton and drove the exhumation of the Archean granulite terranes to the middle crust (~15 km).
Transient gap generation in BaFe2As2 driven by coherent lattice vibrations
Authors: Warshauer Jacob A , Bustamante Lopez Daniel Alejandro , Dong Qingxin , Chen Genfu , Hu Wanzheng 
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Iron-based superconductors provide a rich platform to investigate the interplay between unconventional superconductivity, nematicity, and magnetism. The electronic structure and the magnetic properties of iron-based superconductors are highly sensitive to the pnictogen height. Coherent excitation of the A1g phonon by femtosecond laser directly modulates the pnictogen height, which has been used to control the physical properties of iron-based superconductors. Previous studies show that the driven A1g phonon resulted in a transient increase of the pnictogen height in BaFe2As2, favoring an enhanced Fe magnetic moment. However, there are no direct observations on either the enhanced Fe magnetic moments or the enhanced spin-density wave (SDW) gap. Here, we use time-resolved broadband terahertz spectroscopy to investigate the dynamics of BaFe2As2 in the A1g phonon-driven state. Below the SDW transition temperature, we observe a transient gap generation at early-time delays. A similar transient feature is observed in the normal state up to room temperature.
A prospective investigational study of vitamin D status in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Ratansi Munira , Cox Anthony R 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Introduction
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is the most common healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) contributing to death. Rising antimicrobial resistance has resulted in few effective antibiotics for HAP. Stimulation of human immunity and immunomodulation have been reported as a role of vitamin D.

Objectives
The objectives of this study were to investigate vitamin D status of HAP patients and to examine if vitamin D status was related to the severity of HAP.

Method
Patients with a diagnosis were recruited for a 3-month period from two acute hospitals. Vitamin D levels of participants were obtained.

Key findings
Sixty-one participants were recruited with a mean age 72 years, with 77% of the participants over 65 years of age. Severe HAP was diagnosed in 92% of the participants, 5% had moderate and 3% had mild HAP. Vitamin D deficiency (&lt;50 nmol/L) was found in 80% of the participants and 41% of the participants were found to be suffering from severe vitamin D deficiency (&lt;15 nmol/L). Participants that had adequate vitamin D levels (12/61) (20%) were all taking prophylactic vitamin D on admission. Overall, 26/61 (43%) of the participants were taking prescribed prophylactic vitamin D supplementation on admission and despite this supplementation,14/26 (54%) were found to be vitamin D deficient.

Conclusion
Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in the HAP participants. Vitamin D deficiency was also present in some participants, despite prescribed prophylactic supplementation. Vitamin D stimulates immunity and hence vitamin D deficiency would have potentially increased the susceptibility of acquiring HAP.