bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do prescription stimulants increase risk of Parkinson’s disease among adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kindt Hailey M , Tuan Wen-Jan , Bone Curtis W 
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder in older adults that is associated with neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and characterized by loss of dopaminergic cells. Illicit stimulants increase oxidative stress and are associated with increased risk of PD. Prescription stimulants are similar in mechanism to illicit stimulants, yet their influence on PD is not well described. This study aims to determine if prescription stimulants influence risk of PD among older adults with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods
We implemented a retrospective observational cohort design utilizing the TriNetX database which sources from the electronic health records of 57 healthcare organizations. Inclusion criteria were ADHD diagnosis and age ≥50. Those exposed to stimulants and the unexposed controls were matched based on demographics and known risk factors for PD. The outcome of interest was the incidence of PD over a 30-year follow-up period. We utilized TriNetX software for hazard ratio (HR) analysis.

Results
Among the 59,471 individuals treated with prescription stimulants 131 of them developed PD, and there were 272 individuals who developed PD that were not prescribed stimulants. This analysis yielded a HR of 0.419 (HR = 0.419 [95% CI 0.34, 0.516], P = 0.0013).

Conclusion
Illicit stimulants are associated with increased risk of PD, but this study suggests prescribed stimulants may not impart that same risk. The reduced risk in this cohort may be due to protection from illicit substance use and oxidative stress, however additional study exploring the relationship between prescription stimulants and PD is warranted.
Grape-associated fungal community patterns persist from berry to wine on a fine geographical scale
Authors: Martiniuk Jonathan T , Hamilton Jonah , Dodsworth Thomas , Measday Vivien 
Published: January 2023

AbstractWine grape fungal community composition is influenced by abiotic factors including geography and vintage. Compositional differences may correlate with different wine metabolite composition and sensory profiles, suggesting a microbial role in the shaping of a wine's terroir, or regional character. While grape and wine-associated fungal community composition has been studied extensively at a regional and sub-regional scale, it has not been explored in detail on fine geographical scales over multiple harvests. Over two years, we examined the fungal communities on Vitis Vinifera cv. Pinot noir grape berry surfaces, in crushed grapes, and in lab spontaneous fermentations from three vineyards within a &lt; 1 km radius in Canada's Okanagan Valley wine region. We also evaluated the effect of winery environment exposure on fungal community composition by sampling grapes crushed and fermented in the winery at commercial scale. Spatiotemporal community structure was evident among grape berry surface, crushed grape and fermentation samples, with each vineyard exhibiting a distinct fungal community signature. Crushed grape fungal populations were richer in fermentative yeast species compared to grape berry surface fungal populations. Our study suggests that, as on a regional level, fungal populations may contribute to fine-scale -terroir,’ with significant implications for single-vineyard wines.
Basin-scale terrestrial water storage changes inferred from GRACE-based geopotential differences: a case study of the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Zhong Bo , Li Qiong , Li Xianpao , Chen Jianli 
Published: January 2023

SUMMARY
The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mass concentration (mascon) solutions provide enhanced signal and spatial resolution of surface mass changes by using regularization techniques to reduce striping errors. To further improve the computational efficiency and capture the same benefits as GRACE mascon solutions, we presented an estimation of regional mascon solutions from GRACE-based geopotential differences by using spatio-temporal constraints with the unconstrained spherical harmonic solutions as a priori information. As a case study, the changes in the basin-scale terrestrial water storage (TWS) over the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) on 2° × 2° grids at monthly intervals were estimated using GRACE-based geopotential differences, for the period of 2003 January—2013 December. The estimates were validated through official GRACE mascon solutions and in situ observations (i.e. time derivative of TWS change derived from precipitation, evapotranspiration and river run-off based on the water mass balance equation). The results demonstrate that the spatial and temporal patterns of TWS changes in the YRB inferred from geopotential differences adequately agree with the official mascon solutions; however, differences in amplitudes can be observed at the subbasin scale because of different regularizations applied in different solutions. In situ validations demonstrate that seasonal changes of mascon solutions and in situ observations agree well in the YRB; however, there are evident discrepancies in amplitudes over the subbasins owing to leakage biases in mascon solutions. For the entire YRB, the statistical evaluation and cross-wavelet transform demonstrate that our regional mascon solutions appear more consistent with in situ observations than the official mascon solutions. In addition, compared with the results estimated by spatial constraints, regional mascon solutions estimated by spatio-temporal constraints using observations from three consecutive months adjacent to the given month were improved. Our method provides an alternative option to use different regularization constraints, which is helpful for fine-tuning analysis of basin-scale TWS changes.
Irrational use of medicine in Arab countries: findings from a systematic review of literature (2000–2019)
Authors: Mhadi Ashraf Abdulrahim , Ong Siew Chin , Abed Yehia , Abu Ali Khaled Ali 
Published: January 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to analyse the patterns of the irrational use of medicines in Arab countries and to determine the factors contributing to these patterns.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted using two major databases: PubMed and Scopus. The systematic search targeted original studies conducted in Arab countries from 2000 to 2019. A conceptual framework was adopted from a previous study and was utilized to assess the irrational use of medicines and its influencing factors.ResultsA total of 136 studies from 16 Arab countries were included. Almost all were cross-sectional studies. Most focused on evaluating the irrational use of medicines rather than investigating the cause. The number of medications per encounter was 2.3 which is within the limits of developed countries (2.7). The percentage of antibiotics per 100 encounter was 50.1% and the percentage of injections prescribed per 100 encounter was 15.2%. The consumption of antibiotic and injections was much higher than that recommended by WHO. At the same time, the review identified that one fourth of all medications were unnecessarily prescribed.SummaryThe literature review revealed that the irrational use of medicine is prevalent in most Arab countries. Excessive use of antibiotics was the most commonly observed pattern. Therefore, there is a need to conduct further research to identify the factors that drive the irrational use of medicines in Arab countries and then to make recommendations to mitigate this issue.
Effect of supplementation with ruminal probiotics on growth performance, carcass characteristics, plasma metabolites, methane emissions, and the associated rumen microbiome changes in beef cattle
Authors: Pittaluga Alejandro M , Yang Fan , Gaffney James R , Embree Mallory , Relling Alejandro E 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with a ruminal probiotic consisting of native rumen microbes (NRM; Chordicoccus furentiruminis, Prevotella albensis, and Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens) on methane (CH4) emissions, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and plasma metabolites, Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers (n = 32; 8 per pen) and heifers (n = 48; 12 per pen) with an initial body weight (BW) of 353 ± 64 kg were used in randomized complete block design. Cattle were blocked by sex and BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (2 pens per treatment). Treatments consisted of diets offered for ad libitum intake with (NRM) or without (CON) the inclusion of the ruminal probiotic. Cattle were fed a growing diet for 49 d followed by a ground corn-based diet for 124 ± 27 d until reaching the targeted final BW (635 kg for steers and 590 kg for heifers). Methane emissions were estimated using the GreenFeed system (n = 12 per treatment) prior to trial commencement (baseline; period 1), and on three (2, 3, and 4), and two (5 and 6) different sampling periods throughout the growing and finishing stage, respectively. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. For CH4 production (g/d), there was a tendency for an NRM supplementation × period interaction (P = 0.07) where cattle-fed diets with NRM had lower production of methane in periods 3 and 4. Including NRM in the diet decreased CH4 yield (g/kg of dry matter intake (DMI)) by 20%. For CH4 emission intensity (g/kg of average daily gain (ADG)), an interaction (P &lt; 0.01) of NRM supplementation × period occurred. In periods 2 and 3, cattle-fed diets with NRM inclusion had lower CH4 emission intensity than CON cattle. During the 84-d period when all cattle were still on the finishing diet, feeding NRM increased (P = 0.02) ADG and tended to increase (P = 0.10) DMI. At the end of the 84-d period, cattle-fed NRM tended to be heavier (P = 0.06) than CON cattle. Cattle supplemented with NRM required less (P = 0.04) days on feed to reach the targeted final BW. No differences (P ≤ 0.11) were detected for gain-to-feed ratio and carcass characteristics. Cattle-fed NRM had greater abundance of uncultured rumen bacteria that may improve rumen digestion when fed a high grain diet and potentially promote the reduction of enteric CH4 production. Results from this study suggest that daily administration of NRM may be a strategy to mitigate methanogenesis and improve the growth performance of beef cattle.
Limited effects of inbreeding on breeding coloration
Authors: Bererhi Badreddine , Lindsay Willow R , Schwartz Tonia S , Wapstra Erik , Olsson Mats 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Animal color signals may function as indicators of fighting ability when males compete for access to females. This allows opponents to settle aggressive interactions before they escalate into physical combat and injury. Thus, there may be strong directional selection on these traits, towards enhanced signal quality. This renders sexually selected traits particularly susceptible to inbreeding depression, due to relatively low ratios of additive genetic variance to dominance variance. We measured the effects of inbreeding on an intrasexually selected color signal (“the badge”) in a population of Swedish sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) using the Rhh software based on 17-21 microsatellites. Males of this sexually dichromatic species use the badge during aggressive interactions to display, and assess, fighting ability. We found negative effects of homozygosity on badge size, saturation, and brightness. However, no such effects were observed on color hue. Pair-wise correlations between badge size, hue, and saturation were all statistically significant. Thus, the sand lizard ‘badge’ is a multicomponent signal with variation explained by covariation in badge size, saturation and color hue. Body mass corrected for skeletal size (“body condition”) positively predicted badge size and saturation, encouraging future research on the extent that sexual signals may convey information on multigene targets (i.e., ‘genic capture’).
Evaluation of a Live-Attenuated Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Vaccine in Adults and Children
Authors: Karron Ruth A , Herbert Kristi , Wanionek Kimberli , Schmidt Alexander C , Schaap-Nutt Anne , Collins Peter L , Buchholz Ursula J 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
We conducted a phase I clinical trial of the live-attenuated recombinant human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) vaccine candidate rHPIV2-15C/948L/∆1724 sequentially in adults, HPIV2-seropositive children, and HPIV2-seronegative children, the target population for vaccination. rHPIV2-15C/948L/∆1724 was appropriately restricted in replication in adults and HPIV2-seropositive children but was overattenuated for HPIV2-seronegative children.
ZNF212 promotes genomic integrity through direct interaction with TRAIP
Authors: Chung Hee Jin , Lee Joo Rak , Kim Tae Moon , Kim Soomi , Park Kibeom , Kim Myung-Jin , Jung Eunyoung , Kim Subin , Lee Eun A , Ra Jae Sun , Hwang Sunyoung , Lee Ja Yil , Schärer Orlando D , Kim Yonghwan , Myung Kyungjae , Kim Hongtae 
Published: January 2023

AbstractTRAIP is a key factor involved in the DNA damage response (DDR), homologous recombination (HR) and DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair. However, the exact functions of TRAIP in these processes in mammalian cells are not fully understood. Here we identify the zinc finger protein 212, ZNF212, as a novel binding partner for TRAIP and find that ZNF212 colocalizes with sites of DNA damage. The recruitment of TRAIP or ZNF212 to sites of DNA damage is mutually interdependent. We show that depletion of ZNF212 causes defects in the DDR and HR-mediated repair in a manner epistatic to TRAIP. In addition, an epistatic analysis of Zfp212, the mouse homolog of human ZNF212, in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), shows that it appears to act upstream of both the Neil3 and Fanconi anemia (FA) pathways of ICLs repair. We find that human ZNF212 interacted directly with NEIL3 and promotes its recruitment to ICL lesions. Collectively, our findings identify ZNF212 as a new factor involved in the DDR, HR-mediated repair and ICL repair though direct interaction with TRAIP.
The Distribution of Effort: Physical Activity, Gender Roles, and Bargaining Power in an Agrarian Setting
Authors: Friedman Jed , Gaddis Isis , Kilic Talip , Martuscelli Antonio , Palacios-Lopez Amparo , Zezza Alberto 
Published: January 2023

Abstract
Physical effort is a primary component in models of economic behavior. However, applications that measure effort are historically scarce. This paper assesses the differences in physical activity between men and women through wearable accelerometers and uses these activity measures as a proxy for physical effort. Crucially, the accelerometer-generated data measures the level of physical activity associated with each activity or task recorded in the data. In this rural setting, women exert marginally higher levels of physical effort. However, differences in effort between men and women among married partners are strongly associated with differences in bargaining power, with larger husband-wife effort gaps alongside differences in age, individual land ownership, and an overall empowerment index. Physical activity can exhibit an unequal distribution between men and women suggesting that gender disadvantage, at least within couples, extends to the domain of physical effort.
Characteristics of Prognostic Statements During Family Conferences of Critically Ill Children
Authors: Gupta Divya , October Tessie W. , Wolfe Amy H. J. 
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES:
Discussion of prognosis is an essential component of decision-making family conferences in critical care. We do not know how clinicians convey prognosis to families of critically ill children. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the frequency of prognostic statements and the message and meaning conveyed through each statement during PICU family conferences.

DESIGN:
Retrospective, mixed-methods study.

SETTING:
PICU of a single quaternary medical center.

PATIENTS:
Critically ill children and their families participating in PICU family conferences of critical medical decision-making.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:
We analyzed 72 transcripts from audio-recorded PICU family conferences to identify prognostic statements. Descriptive, thematic content analysis was used to elucidate the message and meaning of each prognostic statement. Prognosis was not discussed in 26% (19/72) of family conferences. Of the other (53/72) conferences where prognostic statements were made, 60% (67/112) of statements conveyed a message (i.e., prognostic medical information) and a meaning (i.e., anticipated impact on patient/family). “Messages” of prognostic statements fell within eight themes: uncertain recovery, delayed recovery, progressive decline, escalation of support, attributable complications, no progress, irreversible, and probability of death. “Meanings” of prognostic statements fell within six themes: restoration of health, activities of daily living, additional equipment, prolonged care needs, brain dysfunction, and death. Broadly, clinicians discussed prognostic information in three categories: loss of Time (i.e., prolonged care needs), Function (i.e., additional medical equipment), or Cure (i.e., death).

CONCLUSIONS:
Nearly in half of discussions (32/72, 44%) where families were asked to make critical medical decisions, clinicians did not provide a prognostic statement including a message and meaning. When discussed, prognostic information was conveyed in three categories: loss of time, function, or cure. Providing families context in this framework, particularly in times of uncertainty, may improve the family’s ability to make informed, value-driven medical decisions for their child.
Prognostic nutrition index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio combined detection, superior to single detection correlates with prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM
Authors: Wu Dong , Wang Xiaowu , Ding Yunyun , Liu Yan , Li Tuantuan , Zhu Yi lang , Gao Yong , Wang Xiaojuan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundPrognostic nutrition index (PNI), Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) have been studied widely in cancer diseases. However, their correlation with chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM mellitus is unknown.AimTo investigate the correlation of PNI, NLR and PLR with chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM.They were associated with the prognosis of patients.MethodsWe investigated 226 patients. Of the patients, 56 cases were with chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM mellitus patients (group A), 85 cases were with chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis patients (group B), and 85 cases were with T2DM patients (group C). According to the prognosis of chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM after 6 months of treatment, patients were divided into poor prognosis (23 cases) and good prognosis (33 cases). The baseline data and of all patients were analyzed. All data were collected from the database of the hospital patient electronic medical record system.ResultsA comparison of baseline data among the three groups showed significant differences in age (Pvalue=0.008). The levels of PNI were obvious difference in three groups (Pvalue < 0.01). The level of NLR in the group A was significantly lower than in the group C. The level of NLR in the group B was significantly lower than in the group C and the group A. The level of PNI in the group A was significantly lower than in the group C. The level of PNI in the group A was significantly lower than in the group B. The level of PLR in the group A was significantly lower than in the group C. The level of PLR in the group B was significantly higher than in the group C. NLR, PNI, PLR were significantly different in the good prognosis group and the poor prognosis group (Pvalue < 0.05). We calculated AUC for combined determination of PNI, NLR and PLR, and it showed excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.911,95% CI 0.741-0.985, Sensitivity = 80.00 %, and Specificity = 88.89%).ConclusionsPNI, NLR and PLR were closely related to the prognosis of chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the poor prognosis of chronic hepatitis C-associated cirrhosis complicated by T2DM, which had important clinical value.
The search behavior of terrestrial mammals
Authors: Noonan Michael J. , Martinez-Garcia Ricardo , Fleming Christen H. , De Figueiredo Benjamin Garcia , Ali Abdullahi H. , Attias Nina , Belant Jerrold L. , Beyer Dean E. , Berteaux Dominique , Bidner Laura R. , Boone Randall , Boutin Stan , Brito Jorge , Brown Michael , Carter Andrew , Castellanos Armando , Castellanos Francisco X. , Chitwood Colter , Darlington Siobhan , de la Torre J. Antonio , Dekker Jasja , DePerno Chris , Droghini Amanda , Farhadinia Mohammad , Fennessy Julian , Fichtel Claudia , Ford Adam , Gill Ryan , Goheen Jacob R. , Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo R. , Hebblewhite Mark , Hodges Karen E. , Isbell Lynne A. , Janssen René , Kappeler Peter , Kays Roland , Kaczensky Petra , Kauffman Matthew , LaPoint Scott , Lashley Marcus Alan , Leimgruber Peter , Little Andrew , Macdonald David W. , Masiaine Symon , McBride Roy T , Medici E. Patricia , Mertes Katherine , Moorman Chris , Morato Ronaldo G. , Mourão Guilherme , Mueller Thomas , Neilson Eric W. , Pastorini Jennifer , Patterson Bruce D. , Pereira Javier , Petroelje Tyler R. , Piecora Katie , Power R. John , Rachlow Janet , Ranglack Dustin H. , Roshier David , Safford Kirk , Scott Dawn M , Serrouya Robert , Songer Melissa , Songsasen Nucharin , Stabach Jared , Stacy-Dawes Jenna , Swingen Morgan B. , Thompson Jeffrey , Tucker Marlee A. , Velilla Marianella , Yarnell Richard W. , Young Julie , Fagan William F. , Calabrese Justin M. 
Published: January 2023

SummaryAnimals moving through landscapes need to strike a balance between finding sufficient resources to grow and reproduce while minimizing encounters with predators1,2. Because encounter rates are determined by the average distance over which directed motion persists1,3–5, this trade-off should be apparent in individuals’ movement. Using GPS data from 1,396 individuals across 62 species of terrestrial mammals, we show how predators maintained directed motion ~7 times longer than for similarly-sized prey, revealing how prey species must trade off search efficiency against predator encounter rates. Individual search strategies were also modulated by resource abundance, with prey species forced to risk higher predator encounter rates when resources were scarce. These findings highlight the interplay between encounter rates and resource availability in shaping broad patterns mammalian movement strategies.