bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music Theory and Sight-Reading Sequence for Level 1 Choirs
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter aims to delineate a pedagogy that develops students’ ability to think in sound. This ability directly impacts students’ part-hearing and part-singing skills as well as their ability to sight-read music confidently. It offers a process for teaching music theory using the performance-to-notation model, also referred to as the sound-to-symbol approach, for beginning choirs. Students first actively explore music’s sounds before being introduced to music symbols and music theory knowledge. Students learn how to listen to and internalize music, describe music with rhythm or solfège syllables without reference to notation, notate music, and finally, apply their knowledge of music to sight-singing, performing on a keyboard, composing, and improvising music. The chapter provides two levels for use in the middle school: Level 1A for use with sixth-grade or first-year participants and Level 1B for seventh and eighth grade. Level 1A begins with introducing phrase and form and continues through the notes of the major diatonic scale. Level 1B begins with a review of Level 1A concepts but includes the more intensive practice of intervals and reading in different keys signatures. Level 1B also introduces diatonic minor tonalities and beginning harmony.
An Organic Approach to Teaching Sight-Reading in the Choral Rehearsal
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Finding ways to develop the ability to sight-read should be one of the choral director's primary goals. We are convinced that teaching sight-reading should be an organic process; it is also multi-dimensional; it needs to be approached sequentially and thoughtfully. The goal of this chapter is to: • Identify the necessary skills that support effective sight-reading. • Provide an overview of how to develop these skills during the choral rehearsal.
Evaluation and Assessment in the Choral Rehearsal
Authors: Houlahan Micheál , Tacka Philip 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter aims to provide choral directors with various forms of assessment that they can adopt to assess the progress of their choirs. Administrators often do not have the information necessary to assess the work of a music instructor tasked with directing a choral program. To be a successful choral director, you should continuously self-reflect about your progress as a director and the success of your students. Choral directors who choose to use the Kodály Concept to shape their curriculum should be excellent musicians with the skills to develop successful curriculums, evaluate both a choral rehearsal plan and a rehearsal, and evaluate the development of musicianship skills of their students. This chapter provides rubrics for evaluating choral directors in terms of both planning and teaching. The assessments and rubrics in this chapter can be shared with administrators and used to keep them informed about the breadth and depth of your choral program.
Introduction
Authors: Donovan Ryan 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Broadway’s body politics play out in the casting process, an inherently political set of decisions and actions that displays whose bodies are most valued in the Broadway economy. Casting is the site where fat phobia, homophobia, and disability stigma come into play. The introduction to Broadway Bodies addresses the labor concerns tied to the casting process of Broadway musicals. It charts the historical context from the late nineteenth century to the early twenty-first century of the identities discussed in the chapters that follow. Questions of gender, race, and ethnicity are already woven into understandings of ability, sexuality, and size and are never far from the surface of this book’s inquiries.
Democracy
Authors: Brennan Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter introduces the main topics for the book. It explains that there are multiple kinds of reasons people might value or disvalue democracy. It explains how the concept of “democracy” has changed over time from a pejorative term for mob rule to an umbrella term for any form of popular government. It articulates five distinct kinds of values that theorists have, throughout history, been concerned about when arguing for and against democracy. These include (1) peace and stability; (2) the virtue of citizens; (3) the wisdom and quality of political decisions; (4) freedom; and (5) equality. The chapter also offers a basic intuitive model of how democracy works, but then notes that whether democracy follows this model is itself a controversy the book will investigate.
Against Stability
Authors: Brennan Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter summarizes the historically significant arguments against the claim that democracy enhances stability and peace. Plato argued that democracy induced disdain and disregard for law and authority. Hobbes thought democracy would lead to divided sovereignty, which would simply continue the war of all against all through other means. Edmund Burke argued that stability and peace depend upon traditions that are poorly understood, and that democracies tend to override tradition without understanding the value of traditional rules. Marx argued that liberal capitalist democracy would eventually induce workers to overthrow the system. The chapter ends by examining contemporary empirical work on group polarization and democratic backsliding.
For Virtue
Authors: Brennan Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter explains how historically, theorists took it for granted that the purpose of government is in part to make us good, virtuous people, not merely to provide for us. Aristotle argued that creating virtue is the final end of the state and that constitutional polities best enhanced citizens’ intellectual and moral virtues. Spinoza similarly argued that rationality is the distinctive human perfection and that democracy would enhance our rationality. Tocqueville thought that while citizens were irrational inside politics, a democratic polity would nevertheless enhance virtue by making citizens actively try to solve problems within civil society, outside politics. John Stuart Mill argued that democracy would tend to enlighten and educate citizens. Contemporary deliberative democrats say the same.
For Wisdom
Authors: Brennan Jason 
Published: February 2023

AbstractThis chapter reviews and considers arguments and evidence that democracies tend to make wise choices and good political decisions. Aristotle argues that in many cases, many less competent decision makers outperform having fewer competent decision makers. Condorcet offers a formal proof that under certain circumstances, as groups become larger, the probability they will make the right decision approaches 1. (But, if group members are unreliable, the chance approaches 0.) Madison argues that proper constitutional design slows down decision-making to ensure that governments do not make stupid decisions in the heat of passion. Bentham and James Mill argue that democracy makes smart decisions because it is an extension of the market—citizens know their own interests and choose wisely for themselves. The chapter ends by considering contemporary arguments in political science that hold that the crowd as a whole has wisdom even when individuals within that crowd do not.
Choosing Well
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This book focuses on the challenges associated with effective choice over time. In particular, it considers the challenges raised by cyclic preferences and by incomplete preferences, both of which interfere with the agent’s neatly ordering her options, and which make the agent susceptible to self-defeating patterns of choice in which the agent is drawn into taking each of a series of steps that collectively lead her to a result that she deems unacceptable. The book’s guiding questions are the following: What is an agent to do if she finds herself with cyclic preferences or with incomplete preferences? Is an agent or group of agents with such preferences necessarily irrational? It is argued that the answer to the latter question is “no”; rationality does not invariably prohibit disorderly preferences, but it does (to get back to the first question) prompt us to proceed with caution and with a readiness to show restraint, based on an awareness of larger dynamics, when our preferences are disorderly. Theories of rational choice often dismiss or abstract away from the sorts of disorderly preferences at issue here. They assume that rational agents can and should have neat preferences over their options; but this assumption is problematic. Rationality can validate certain disorderly preference structures while also protecting us from self-defeating patterns of choice. Rationality can thus handle quite a lot of messiness, which is important, since rationality wouldn’t be all that helpful if, whenever messiness threatened, we could not turn to it for guidance.
Introduction
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter briefly introduces the challenges associated with effective choice over time on which the book focuses, where the challenges at issue are associated with cyclic preferences and incomplete preferences. The chapter then provides a brief summary of each chapter. The eight chapters summarized include the following: Chapter 1: Disorderly Preferences; Chapter 2: Self-Defeating Self-Governance; Chapter 3: Instrumental Rationality Revamped; Chapter 4: Parity; Chapter 5: Incomparability; Chapter 6: Betterness; Chapter 7: Resolutions and Regret upon Going Astray; and Chapter 8: Regret in Continued Endorsement Cases. The chapter ends with a brief description of some of the key take-home messages of the book. The central take-home message is that rationality can handle quite a lot of messiness and that this is important, since rationality wouldn’t be all that helpful if, whenever messiness threatened, we had to rush to its rescue rather than look to it for guidance.
Disorderly Preferences
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter first focuses on choice situations in which cyclic preferences seem natural and considers why they might be seen as too disorderly to be rationally permissible. It then discusses how cyclic preference can be defended and how the most influential challenge to cyclic preferences, namely the money-pump argument, can be reinterpreted. The chapter then turns to incomplete preferences, which raise similar concerns and can be defended in a similar way.
Incomparability
Authors: Andreou Chrisoula 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the question of whether incommensurable options are invariably comparable, even if simply as on a par, or whether some incommensurable options are strictly incomparable. After an assessment of the small-improvement argument and several variations on it, it is concluded that, whether or not options can be strictly incomparable, there is room for cases beyond not just classic cases of trichotomous comparability but even beyond cases involving options that, although not trichotomously comparable, are still comparable as both positive, or both negative, or, even if indeterminate, both fairly neutral. In the relevant further cases, at least one option that combines a positive feature and a negative feature is not positive, negative, neutral, or even fairly neutral (overall). To the extent that comparability is revealed as applicable in such cases, skepticism about incomparability can persist, but its significance is reduced by the revelation of how little comparability requires.
Patterns of Exploitation
Authors: Boucher Anna K. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
With an estimated 164 million workers globally, migrant workers are an essential component of contemporary workplaces. Despite their number and indispensability in the global economy, these workers suffer workplace violations that range from underpayment of wages to unsafe work conditions through to sexual assault and even industrial manslaughter. Patterns of Exploitation documents the bases for exploitation. It does this through a comparison of labor laws and practices in six labor law jurisdictions and four countries over a twenty-year period: Australia, Canada (Ontario, British Columbia, and Alberta), the United Kingdom (England), and the United States (California). Starting with a startling new database (the Migrant Worker Rights Database) of 907 court cases involving 1,912 migrants, this unprecedented study offers in-depth analysis of seven court cases to document individual migrant experiences. It draws upon fifty-three interviews with leading counsel (and other actors) on both sides of the litigation to provide an assessment of the patterns of exploitation that emerge. The central factors informing these narratives are ethnicity, gender, occupational sector, visa status, trade union membership, and enforcement policy. Yet, the key factor that explains variation across cases is the industrial relations systems of these four countries. This central finding emphasizes ongoing institutional resilience in labor market regulation, even within most-similar liberal market economies that these cases represent.
Methods and Materials
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Evidence from ancient sources indicates that Augustus was keenly aware of the celestial sphere and employed it to his advantage throughout his life. He used his astrological genitura privately for personal guidance. But, more importantly, he observed the heavens regularly to note the presence of his Julian kin in their celestial manifestations as a means of confirming for himself and conveying to friends and enemies that he was connected to the cosmos, that he was supported by these celestial kin, and that he would eventually have political success. The chapter establishes the biographical, historical, and sociocultural orientation of the book; the emphasis placed upon the interpretation of important episodes from the life of Augustus described in the ancient sources in consultation with astronomical sky maps and astrological diagrams; and the considerations that underpin the handling of time for the events discussed (calendars, dates, and hours of the day and night).
Octavianus and the Sidus Crinitum
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
At the ludi Octavianus presented in September 44 b.c. in honor of his great-uncle and adoptive father, Caesar, who had been assassinated several months earlier in March 44 b.c., a noteworthy celestial object served as a backdrop. This celestial object, which Octavianus called the sidus crinitum, was a bright star that was in the sky during the seven days of the ludi. Its appearance represented the belief of Octavianus and others that the soul of Caesar had risen to the Milky Way, the place Cicero had described in his De Republica as the destination of the souls of worthy Romans. At these ludi, Octavianus demonstrated his awareness of the celestial sphere as supportive of his political agenda for the first time.
From Naulochus to Actium
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
At the Battle of Naulochus in 36 b.c., Octavianus, aided by his close friend Agrippa, defeated Sextus Pompeius at sea off the north coast of Sicily. At the Battle of Actium in 31 b.c., in which Octavianus was aided once again by Agrippa, Octavianus defeated his fellow triumvir Antonius and all the allied forces of Antonius and Cleopatra, also at sea, off the northwestern coast of Greece. The Battle of Naulochus and the Battle of Actium each occurred against a backdrop of meaningful celestial display that reinforced Octavianus’ awareness of the visible support of the Olympian divinities whom he considered to be his ultimate Julian ancestors.
A New Name for Octavianus and the Ludi Saeculares
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
After Actium, Octavianus became the de facto ruler of Rome, all the while maintaining the facade of Republican government. His elevation to this unprecedented role was signaled in a series of events beginning with the granting of the name Augustus by the Senate in 27 b.c. Within the next decade, Octavianus dedicated the Temple of Jupiter Tonans on the Capitoline Hill in 22 b.c. He also presented, together with Agrippa, in 17 b.c., the religious and civic spectacle known as the Ludi Saeculares, an event that was long overdue and had not been presented at Rome since 146 b.c. All three events were accompanied by meaningful celestial displays.
Consolidation and Transition in the Final Years of Augustus’ Rule
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Even in his later years when he had no serious political rivals, Augustus continued his deployment of celestial display to accompany important events. These events included the renaming of the mensis Sextilis after his honorary cognomen Augustus in 8 b.c.; the granting to Augustus of the title of pater patriae in early 2 b.c.; the dedication of the Temple of Mars Ultor, which Augustus had vowed to Mars before the battles fought at Philippi in 42 b.c., later in the year 2 b.c.; and the formal adoption by Augustus of his stepson Tiberius and his grandson Agrippa Postumus in a.d. 4.
The Death, Funeral, and Deification of Augustus
Authors: Lewis Anne-Marie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The death of Augustus in August a.d. 14 and the return of Augustus’ body to Rome and his funeral a few weeks later in September a.d. 14 were accompanied by the kind of notable celestial display that Augustus had favored as backdrops for important events throughout his life. On the day of Augustus’ deification by a decree of the Senate in September a.d. 14, the heavens also presented a final meaningful celestial display. Two cameos from early in the reign of Augustus’ successor Tiberius reference and personify the deification of Augustus and the journey of Augustus’ soul to the heavens, where it took up its permanent residence in Spica, the brightest star in the zodiacal constellation Virgo.
Inside Looking In
Authors: Wickström David-Emil 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Taking a meta-perspective, this chapter discusses the issue of power relations within Higher Music Education Institutions (HMEI) and the consequences. After briefly describing the unique challenges HMEI face due to the way artistic teaching is structured, the second part explains how these power relations can be uncovered and fought by drawing on some strategies different European HMEI are pursuing. In particular, the chapter centers on different models of tuition besides the traditional master-apprentice model. The final part explores how to change the institution by creating an institutional culture that is open to feedback, which raises awareness among staff and students of what amounts to harassment and misconduct and which actively promotes a diverse staff and student body.
A Critical Perspective on Diversity and Inclusion in US Classical Music Discourse
Authors: Ritchey Marianna 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Classical music in contemporary US practice is widely perceived as having a diversity problem. Specifically, commentators decry the racism and sexism that shapes—and has always shaped—the practices, programming, and pedagogies that constitute the institution of classical music. Calls to diversify classical music fixate on the model of raising up individuals from various marginalized identity categories, for example by programming more women composers at the Metropolitan Opera. The author takes a critical look at such demands, highlighting the way they exclude considerations of class and prestige. Classical music is certainly White supremacist and patriarchal, but it is also elitist, and its elitism is inextricable from its other bigotries. Classical music’s lack of a structural critique of power is tied to the liberal political ethos it is in many respects co-constitutive of. The author suggests ways to radically reframe how to envision both diversity and music itself.
Space from Āfār
Authors: Bhatt Mukesh Chiman 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Space from Āfār: From Africa across the Indian Ocean to the Pacific” treats, on their own terms, the cultures surrounding the Indian and Pacific Oceans that have been exploring and using the vastness of space for millennia. These cultures have been denied full partnership in the use and exploration of outer space despite the principles of the Outer Space Treaty. Many of these countries have been developing their own space programs. Integrating space and other technologies into daily culture, this chapter discusses new epistemological approaches to the Western dilemma of making technology compatible with tradition and nature, made possible while emphasizing commonality and cooperation.
The Language of Space
Authors: Kowal Mary Robinette 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“The Language of Space” predicts that without deliberate effort, many languages from Earth will be lost as space travel expands to other planets. Languages are culture, and losing languages means losing cultures. The chapter’s author considers her own experience living in Iceland and relying on English as a shared language with others there. In space, English, Russian, and Chinese are the three primary common languages, even though speakers of many languages are trained as astronauts. But because the people that control access to space are English, Russian, and Chinese, those are the languages that manuals are written in. For thousands of languages to survive, space travel must be accessible to people from the most marginalized communities and nations.
African Space Art as a New Perspective on Space Law
Authors: Vermeylen Saskia , Njeri Jacque 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“African Space Art as a New Perspective on Space Law” analyses African space art told through the work of African artists who retell an alternative history of spaceflight from an African cultural archive that produces a more inclusive history for humanity in space. A mix of artworks are analyzed, including the MaaSci (2017) series by Jacque Njeri, and the short film Afronaut (2014) by Nuotama Bodomo. The artworks expose different moral and ethical viewpoints that provide new ideas about the future of space governance. The artworks show how African histories, cultures, and philosophies can decolonize space travel through a deconstruction of the familiar tropes of the white, male astronaut. Space travel’s history of colonization and frontier thinking is challenged through exploring the African archive that is embedded in the artworks, so that spaceflight’s future is directed by the female Afronaut/cyborg embodying the next generation of space travelers protecting space from commercial exploitation.
Embodiment in Space Imagery
Authors: de Paulis Daniela , Haramia Chelsea 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
“Embodiment in Space Imagery: Beyond the Dominant Narrative” describes how we are creatures who travel through the cosmos and robotically position ourselves on and near planetary bodies. Our technology provides remarkable knowledge of other objects in our Solar System. Outer space also provides us with opportunities to better understand ourselves as humans, manifesting this potential whenever we advance in our ability to represent the space environment. This chapter focuses on photographic representation. Through photography, humans extend certain sensory abilities much farther into the cosmos than our physical bodies otherwise allow. But photographs are not a neutral medium; the access we have to other planets is heavily mediated. If we look past the dominant discourse regarding space exploration, we may know and understand more about ourselves in the process. We may find new knowledge of the land of distant planets, and of the realities of human experiences of life on Earth.