bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monopolistic competition, rising markups, and optimal taxation of participation
Authors: Gürer Eren 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study explores the optimal taxation of participation within a monopolistically competitive product market that exhibits increasing markups. Individual labor supply responds along both intensive and extensive margins. The government simultaneously optimizes a nonlinear Mirrleesian income tax scheme, a flat profit tax rate, and a flat unemployment benefit. It is shown analytically that the monetized welfare cost of an increase in unemployment benefit is higher under monopolistic competition compared to under perfect competition. Nevertheless, numerical simulations suggest that the optimal unemployment benefit increases in response to greater markups when the government simultaneously optimizes all of its tools. The reason is that, along with a higher profit tax, rising markups require a decline in marginal income taxes. Lower marginal income taxes relieve the extensive margin distortions and accommodate an increase in the unemployment benefit. Accordingly, optimal nominal participation taxes remain approximately unchanged for the lower half of the ability distribution. For the upper half, the decline in income taxes outweighs the increase in the unemployment benefit, leading to lower optimal nominal participation taxes.
Microscopic analysis of gluten network development under shear load—combining confocal laser scanning microscopy with rheometry
Authors: Vidal Leonhard Maria , Ewigmann Hans , Schuster Clemens , Alpers Thekla , Scherf Katharina Anne , Jekle Mario , Becker Thomas 
Published: August 2023

AbstractA comprehensive in‐situ analysis of the developing gluten network during kneading is still a gap in cereal science. With an in‐line microscale shear kneading and measuring setup in a conventional rheometer, a first step was taken in previous works toward fully comprehensible gluten network development evaluation. In this work, this setup was extended by an in‐situ optical analysis of the evolving gluten network. By connecting a laser scanning microscope with a conventional rheometer, the evaluation of the rheological and optical protein network evolution was possible. An image processing tool for analyzing the protein network was applied for evaluating the gluten network development in a wheat dough during the shear kneading process. This network evaluation was possible without interruption or invasive sample transfer comparing it to former approaches. The shear kneading system was able to produce a fully developed dough matrix within 125% of the reference dough development time in a classical kneader. The calculated network connectivity values from frequency testing ranged over all samples was in good agreement with traditional kneaded wheat dough just over peak consistency.
MBOAT7 in liver and extrahepatic diseases
Authors: Caddeo Andrea , Spagnuolo Rocco , Maurotti Samantha 
Published: August 2023

AbstractMBOAT7 is a protein anchored to endomembranes by several transmembrane domains. It has a catalytic dyad involved in remodelling of phosphatidylinositol with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Genetic variants in the MBOAT7 gene have been associated with the entire spectrum of non‐alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and, lately, steatotic liver disease (SLD), and to an increasing number of extrahepatic conditions. In this review, we will (a) elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which MBOAT7 loss‐of‐function predisposes to MAFLD and neurodevelopmental disorders and (b) discuss the growing number of genetic studies linking MBOAT7 to hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. MBOAT7 complete loss of function causes severe changes in brain development resulting in several neurological manifestations. Lower MBOAT7 hepatic expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, due to missense nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the locus containing the MBOAT7 gene, affects specifically metabolic and viral diseases in the liver from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma, and potentially COVID‐19 disease. This body of evidence shows that phosphatidylinositol remodelling is a key factor for human health.
Corridor‐based approach with spatial cross‐validation reveals scale‐dependent effects of geographic distance, human footprint and canopy cover on grizzly bear genetic connectivity
Authors: Palm Eric C. , Landguth Erin L. , Holden Zachary A. , Day Casey C. , Lamb Clayton T. , Frame Paul F. , Morehouse Andrea T. , Mowat Garth , Proctor Michael F. , Sawaya Michael A. , Stenhouse Gordon , Whittington Jesse , Zeller Katherine A. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractUnderstanding how human infrastructure and other landscape attributes affect genetic differentiation in animals is an important step for identifying and maintaining dispersal corridors for these species. We built upon recent advances in the field of landscape genetics by using an individual‐based and multiscale approach to predict landscape‐level genetic connectivity for grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) across ~100,000 km2 in Canada's southern Rocky Mountains. We used a genetic dataset with 1156 unique individuals genotyped at nine microsatellite loci to identify landscape characteristics that influence grizzly bear gene flow at multiple spatial scales and map predicted genetic connectivity through a matrix of rugged terrain, large protected areas, highways and a growing human footprint. Our corridor‐based modelling approach used a machine learning algorithm that objectively parameterized landscape resistance, incorporated spatial cross validation and variable selection and explicitly accounted for isolation by distance. This approach avoided overfitting, discarded variables that did not improve model performance across withheld test datasets and spatial predictive capacity compared to random cross‐validation. We found that across all spatial scales, geographic distance explained more variation in genetic differentiation in grizzly bears than landscape variables. Human footprint inhibited connectivity across all spatial scales, while open canopies inhibited connectivity at the broadest spatial scale. Our results highlight the negative effect of human footprint on genetic connectivity, provide strong evidence for using spatial cross‐validation in landscape genetics analyses and show that multiscale analyses provide additional information on how landscape variables affect genetic differentiation.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibits osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the TLR2/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Fu Jingfei , Jia Lu , Wu Lili , Jiang Yiyang , Zhao Rui , Du Juan , Guo Lijia , Zhang Chen , Xu Junji , Liu Yi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the role of ultrasonicated Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract in osteoclast differentiation and its underlying mechanism, providing new strategies for the treatment of periodontitis.Materials and MethodsOsteoclasts were induced using macrophage colony‐stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand. Lactobacillus rhamnosus extracts were obtained via ultrasonic crushing and ultracentrifugation. The effects of the LGG extract on osteoclast differentiation were evaluated, and the related signaling pathways were examined using western blotting. A mouse periodontitis model was established, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract was injected into the gingival sulcus to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract on alveolar bone resorption.ResultsAt 50 μg/mL, Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract inhibited osteoclast differentiation with no effect on apoptosis and proliferation. This phenomenon was achieved by deactivating the NF‐κB/c‐Fos/NFATc1 signaling pathway through toll‐like receptor 2. The in vivo results showed that the local injection of Lactobacillus rhamnosus extract suppressed osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption.ConclusionThe ultrasonicated extract of Lactobacillus rhamnosus inhibited osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the activation of the NF‐κB/c‐Fos/NFATc1 pathway. Furthermore, it inhibited the destruction of the alveolar bone, providing a new strategy for the use of probiotics in the treatment of periodontitis.
The scientization of public policy and politics: A new approach to conceptualizing and identifying the phenomenon
Authors: Roberts Alex N. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWe know that deep scientization (DS)—the misrepresentation of political issues as technical/scientific ones best handled by experts—can unduly limit public deliberation and lead to policy misdesign. Yet, tools for investigating DS remain lacking. This article develops a new approach to diagnosing DS that works by identifying where experts have used their discretion to construct policy claims that contravene existing, shared epistemic standards. This approach's value is demonstrated through a case study of U.S. chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) policy. The study shows that, whereas government experts originally developed CFS as a research construct, they have since used their discretionary power to recast CFS as a serious disease requiring new policy interventions. This epistemically unjustified transformation of CFS has limited public discussion of important value‐laden policy questions and arguably yielded poor policy outcomes. The approach developed here can also be used to uncover DS in other policy areas.Related ArticlesCarlsson, Lars. 2017. “Policy Science at an Impasse: A Matter of Conceptual Stretching?” Politics & Policy 45(2): 148–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12196.Lemire, Sebastian, Laura R. Peck, and Allan Porowski. 2023. “The Evolution of Systematic Evidence Reviews: Past and Future Developments and Their Implications for Policy Analysis.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 373–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12532.Luján, José Luis. 2023. “Evidence‐based Policies: Lessons from Regulatory Science.” Politics & Policy 51(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12543.
The antifungal activity of trans‐cinnamic acid and its priming effect in apple in response to Valsa mali
Authors: Li Chunrong , Jing Yuanyuan , Cheng Liang , Si Zeguang , Mou Ziyan , Niu Dongshan , Ma Fengwang , Liu Changhai 
Published: August 2023

AbstractValsa mali causes Valsa canker, one of the most destructive diseases on apple trees, leading to severe losses for the apple industry in China. Considering the development of fungicide resistance and the harmful effects of chemical residues, it is urgent to identify alternatives to control this disease. Trans‐cinnamic acid (t‐CA), a compound with good antibacterial, antitumour and anti‐inflammatory properties, is widely used in food, medicine and other industries. However, the antifungal activity of t‐CA against V. mali and its regulatory role in apple defence against biotic stresses are unclear. Based on a metabolomic assay, we found that Malus yunnaensis (Valsa canker‐resistant) twigs infected with V. mali dramatically accumulated t‐CA. Exogenous application of t‐CA effectively inhibited V. mali growth on potato dextrose agar. The EC50 value of t‐CA inhibiting mycelial growth was 200 μg/mL. Malus prunifolia (Valsa canker‐susceptible) leaves and twigs pretreated with t‐CA had significantly enhanced V. mali resistance. The t‐CA application increased salicylic acid but reduced jasmonic acid levels in leaves and twigs. Moreover, the contents of phenolic acids and flavonoids increased in t‐CA‐treated samples. In addition, t‐CA increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase, β‐1,3‐glucanase and chitinase. These results indicate that t‐CA plays a significant role in inhibiting V. mali growth and priming apple defence.
Temporal variation and risk factors associated with reproductive disorders in Hardhenu (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) dairy cattle
Authors: Pushpa  , Magotra Ankit , Patil C. S. , Bangar Y. C. , Sindhu Vikas , Chaudhary Pradeep , Garg Asha Rani 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the incidence and effect of non‐genetic factors on reproductive disorders in the Hardhenu cattle population over a period of 11 years (2010–2021). The study included a total of 1340 cattle for calculating the incidence of reproductive disorders and analysed the occurrence of different reproductive disorders. In the present study, retention of placenta had highest frequency, accounting for approximately 18.36% of the incidence, followed by repeater cows (11.19%), metritis (6.27%), dystocia (0.60%), anestrus (0.45%) and prolapse (0.37%). Chi‐square analysis revealed a significant relationship between the year and the incidence of reproductive disorders (p < .05). Logistic regression analysis of temporal variability of reproductive disorders was also analysed, with an increase in the odds from 2014 to 2020, peaking in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019. Logistic regression analysis showed that season and parity did not significantly influence the incidence of reproductive disorders. However, period of calving had a significant impact. Cows calving between 2008 and 2014 had a significantly lower odds ratio (0.13, 95% CI: 0.06–0.30), indicating a decreased risk, while those calving between 2014 and 2017 had a higher odds ratio (0.59, 95% CI: 0.38–0.90), suggesting an increased risk of reproductive disorders. Compared to parity 3, parity 1 (1.344, 95% CI: 0.869–2.08) and parity 2 (1.193, 95% CI: 0.768–1.851) showed highest odds ratio. Similarly, the odds ratio for winter (1.64, 95% CI: 0.93–2.89), summer (1.71, 95% CI: 0.89–3.26) and rainy season (1.64, 95% CI: 0.92–2.91) was higher as compared to autumn. The present results provided valuable insights into the incidence of various reproductive disorders and associated risk factors in Hardhenu cattle. These results can be utilized for targeted interventions to enhance reproductive health and overall productivity in dairy cattle.
Perfusion fluid‐related infections in liver transplant recipients: A 5‐year, single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Lombardi Andrea , Renisi Giulia , Dondossola Daniele , Palomba Emanuele , Del Prete Luca , Viero Giulia , Zefelippo Arianna , Azzarà Cecilia , Maccaro Angelo , Perali Carolina , Alagna Laura , Franchi Eloisa , Muscatello Antonio , Gori Andrea , Grasselli Giacomo , Donato Maria Francesca , Matinato Caterina , Caccamo Lucio , Antonelli Barbara , Bandera Alessandra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundPerfusion fluid (PRF) is employed in liver transplantation (LTx) to maintain graft viability. Still, it represents a new potential way of infection transmission in LTx recipients (LTRs). Currently, no systematic research has investigated this topic.MethodsFive‐year single‐center retrospective study conducted on LTRs from January 2017 to December 2021. We analyzed the incidence of positive PRF culture (PRF+) and perfusion fluid‐related infections (PRF‐RI) and their associated factors. We also assessed 1‐year mortality, both overall and infection‐related.ResultsOverall, 234 LTx were included. PRF+ were found in 31/234 (13.2%) LTx for a total of 37 isolates, with >1 isolate identified in 5 (2.1%) cases. High‐risk microorganisms (Enterobacterales 13/37, Enterococcus spp. 4/37, S. aureus 3/37, P. aeruginosa 2/37) were isolated in 25/37 (67.6%) LTRs, the remaining being coagulase‐negative staphylococci (12/37, 32.4%). Antimicrobial prophylaxis was administered to all LTRs, always active against the isolate even if suboptimal in 19 cases (61.3%). PRF‐RI developed in 4/234 LTx (1.7%), and prophylaxis was considered suboptimal in 2/4 of them. The isolation of >1 microorganism in PRF culture was associated with an increased risk of developing PRF‐RI (OR 37.5 [95%CI 2.6–548.4], p = .01). PRF‐RI were associated with longer ICU stays (p = .005) and higher 1‐year mortality, both overall and related to infections (p = .001).ConclusionDespite PRF+ being infrequent, only a minority of patients develops PRF‐RI. Nonetheless, once occurred, PRF‐RI seems to increase morbidity and mortality rates.
image
Diversity of the volatilome and the fruit size and shape in European woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
Authors: Urrutia María , Meco Victoriano , Rambla José Luis , Martín‐Pizarro Carmen , Pillet Jeremy , Andrés Javier , Sánchez‐Sevilla José F. , Granell Antonio , Hytönen Timo , Posé David 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYWoodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca) is a wild relative of cultivated strawberry (F. × ananassa) producing small and typically conical fruits with an intense flavor and aroma. The wild strawberry species, F. vesca, is a rich resource of genetic and metabolic variability, but its diversity remains largely unexplored and unexploited. In this study, we aim for an in‐depth characterization of the fruit complex volatilome by GC–MS as well as the fruit size and shape using a European germplasm collection that represents the continental diversity of the species. We report characteristic volatilome footprints and fruit phenotypes of specific geographical areas. Thus, this study uncovers phenotypic variation linked to geographical distribution that will be valuable for further genetic studies to identify candidate genes or develop markers linked to volatile compounds or fruit shape and size traits.
Multi‐environment association study highlights candidate genes for robust agronomic quantitative trait loci in a novel worldwide Capsicum core collection
Authors: McLeod Louis , Barchi Lorenzo , Tumino Giorgio , Tripodi Pasquale , Salinier Jérémy , Gros Christophe , Boyaci Hatice Filiz , Ozalp Ramazan , Borovsky Yelena , Schafleitner Roland , Barchenger Derek , Finkers Richard , Brouwer Matthijs , Stein Nils , Rabanus‐Wallace Mark Timothy , Giuliano Giovanni , Voorrips Roeland , Paran Ilan , Lefebvre Véronique 
Published: August 2023

SUMMARYInvestigating crop diversity through genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on core collections helps in deciphering the genetic determinants of complex quantitative traits. Using the G2P‐SOL project world collection of 10 038 wild and cultivated Capsicum accessions from 10 major genebanks, we assembled a core collection of 423 accessions representing the known genetic diversity. Since complex traits are often highly dependent upon environmental variables and genotype‐by‐environment (G × E) interactions, multi‐environment GWAS with a 10 195‐marker genotypic matrix were conducted on a highly diverse subset of 350 Capsicum annuum accessions, extensively phenotyped in up to six independent trials from five climatically differing countries. Environment‐specific and multi‐environment quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for 23 diverse agronomic traits. We identified 97 candidate genes potentially implicated in 53 of the most robust and high‐confidence QTLs for fruit flavor, color, size, and shape traits, and for plant productivity, vigor, and earliness traits. Investigating the genetic architecture of agronomic traits in this way will assist the development of genetic markers and pave the way for marker‐assisted selection. The G2P‐SOL pepper core collection will be available upon request as a unique and universal resource for further exploitation in future gene discovery and marker‐assisted breeding efforts by the pepper community.
Impact of Continuous Focal Sampling Time Thresholds on Physical Activity Metrics When Using Video-Recorded Direct Observation
Authors: Martinez Julian , Staudenmayer John , Strath Scott J. 
Published: August 2023

Purpose: To determine differences in physical activity metrics between 1-, 5-, and 10-s direct observation (DO) time thresholds and compare annotation completion time between different time thresholds. Methods: Participants (n = 10, mean age 40.7 ± 22.3 years, five males) were video recorded for 2 hr within a free-living setting. DO videos were annotated by one experienced annotator with a priori developed Posture and Behavior schemas. The annotation order of video, time threshold, and schema used was randomized. For analysis, annotations were collapsed into posture and behavior domains. Total video time is reported. Time to code videos, overall percent agreement, and statistical bias of each posture and behavior domain for the 5-s time threshold and 10-s time threshold were compared to 1-s time threshold output. Results: 19.7 hr of DO were recorded. On average, the 1-s time threshold took 183.9 ± 34.2 min to annotate with the Posture schema and 118.8 ± 23.6 min with the Behavior schema. Under the Posture schema, the 5-s time threshold was 31.7% faster, had 91.5% agreement, and all biases were <±5 min, while the 10-s time threshold was 43.6% faster, had 89.2% agreement, and had biases ranging from −7.59 to 5.21 min. Under the Behavior schema, the 5-s time threshold was 16.0% faster, had 92.0% agreement, and had all biases <±2.1 min, while the 10-s time threshold was 27.6% faster, had 88.3% agreement, and had all biases <±3.9 min. Conclusion: Longer DO annotation time thresholds are accurate and faster but less precise for certain posture and behavior domains when compared to criterion 1-s time threshold in healthy adults.
Supplemental Material: Boiling-induced extreme Cu isotope fractionation in sulfide minerals forming by active hydrothermal diffusers at the Aegean Kolumbo volcano: Evidence from in situ isotope analysis
Authors: Zegkinoglou Nikolaos N. , al. et 
Published: August 2023

<p>Kolumbo boiling seafloor vents; Figures S1–S5; electron microprobe analysis-energy dispersive spectroscopy; in-situ laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry; and references. </p>
Creating New Mathematics by Schoolchildren
Authors: Semenov A. L. , Soprunov S. F. , Ivanov-Pogodaev I. A. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The paper discusses an example of an educational project in modern mathematics in which school students create mathematics that is new to them. The mathematical results produced by the students in the theory of definability also have an “absolute” novelty, i.e., are the basis for professional publications. The described course was based on recent results of this article’s authors in the theory of definability. The new results were obtained by a group of 10 schoolchildren from different regions of Russia.
The Skies Are Falling: Mathematics for Non-Mathematicians
Authors: Vavilov N. A. , Khalin V. G. , Yurkov A. V. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Mathematical education, both mass education, and university education of non-mathematicians, are in an abominable state, and rapidly degrading. We argue that the instruction of non-mathematicians should be dramatically reformed both as substance and style. With traditional approach, such a transformation would take decades, with unclear results. But we do not have this time. The advent of Computer Algebra Systems gives the mathematics community a chance to reverse the trend. We should make a serious attempt to seize this opportunity. In the present paper we describe one such project of reform implemented at the St Petersburg State University.