bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of α‐synuclein in CNS‐originating extracellular vesicles for Parkinsonian disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taha Hash Brown , Ati Shomik S. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractBackground & AimsParkinsonian disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS), share early motor symptoms but have distinct pathophysiology. As a result, accurate premortem diagnosis is challenging for neurologists, hindering efforts for disease‐modifying therapeutic discovery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain cell‐state‐specific biomolecules and can cross the blood‐brain barrier to the peripheral circulation, providing a unique central nervous system (CNS) insight. This meta‐analysis evaluated blood‐isolated neuronal and oligodendroglial EVs (nEVs and oEVs) α‐synuclein levels in Parkinsonian disorders.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, the meta‐analysis included 13 studies. An inverse‐variance random‐effects model quantified effect size (SMD), QUADAS‐2 assessed risk of bias and publication bias was evaluated. Demographic and clinical variables were collected for meta‐regression.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 1,565 patients with PD, 206 with MSA, 21 with DLB, 172 with PSP, 152 with CBS and 967 healthy controls (HCs). Findings suggest that combined concentrations of nEVs and oEVs α‐syn is higher in patients with PD compared to HCs (SMD = 0.21, p = 0.021), while nEVs α‐syn is lower in patients with PSP and CBS compared to patients with PD (SMD = ‐1.04, p = 0.0017) or HCs (SMD = ‐0.41, p < 0.001). Additionally, α‐syn in nEVs and/or oEVs did not significantly differ in patients with PD vs. MSA, contradicting the literature. Meta‐regressions show that demographic and clinical factors were not significant predictors of nEVs or oEVs α‐syn concentrations.ConclusionThe results highlight the need for standardized procedures and independent validations in biomarker studies and the development of improved biomarkers for distinguishing Parkinsonian disorders.
Risky business: Protecting nature, protecting wealth?
Authors: Irvine‐Broque Audrey , Dempsey Jessica 
Published: July 2023

AbstractFinance is a precondition for many of the activities that harm ecosystems, but how to address this underlying driver of biodiversity loss remains a topic of debate. This paper reviews the Task Force on Nature‐Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), a corporate‐led effort that aims to identify how changes to biodiversity may create financial risks for companies and investors. This approach is also promoted as a strategy for managing the impact of business on biodiversity, with the assumption that risk disclosure will more effectively price biodiversity‐harming activities. We assess the potential of the TNFD toward this end, and invite conservation scientists, practitioners, and policymakers to engage critically with its theory of change. We find that the relationship between disclosing biodiversity risk and redirecting finance away from environmental degradation is tenuous and unproven, making this mechanism insufficient for addressing the impact of the financial sector on nature. We question the embrace of another industry‐led mechanism that implies that a lack of information is the greatest barrier to stopping biodiversity loss. Further, there are risks that this financial sector approach to biodiversity will reinforce the highly unequal concentration of power and wealth, which is itself inimical to transformative change, as called for by the Intergovernmental Science–Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
Causation in cerebral palsy: Parental beliefs and associated emotions
Authors: Smyth Renée , Reid Susan M. , Paton Kate , Guzys Angela T. , Wakefield Claire E. , Amor David J. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo better understand parents' beliefs about causation in cerebral palsy (CP) and the emotions related to those beliefs.MethodWe surveyed 226 parents of children with CP aged 1 to 18 years, recruited from the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register, to evaluate their beliefs about the causes of CP, including genetic causes, causes specific to their own child, and their attitudes and emotions in relation to these.ResultsAlthough 92% of participants reported that understanding the causes of their child's CP was important, uncertainty about the cause was expressed by 13%. The most frequently endorsed causal factors, in general and in their own child respectively, were intrapartum hypoxia (81%, 36%) or brain damage (69%, 22%), brain damage during pregnancy (73%, 28%), and preterm birth (66%, 28%). Genetic causes were deemed relevant by 13% of participants and hospital or professional error by 16%. Parents shared related feelings of anger (59%), sadness (80%), guilt (61%), and confusion (53%); parental anger was more likely when their child's CP was attributed to intrapartum events.InterpretationSubstantial parental interest in understanding the causes of CP, together with uncertainty about the causes, parents' causal attributions, and significant emotional sequelae, highlight a strong need for provision of information and support for families of children recently diagnosed with CP.What this paper adds

Understanding the causes of their child's cerebral palsy (CP) was important to parents.
Parents most often endorsed intrapartum factors as a cause of CP.
Parents reported experiencing strong emotions about the causes of their child's CP.
Are electronic government innovations helpful to deter corruption? Evidence from across the world
Authors: Martins João , Veiga Linda , Fernandes Bruno 
Published: July 2023

AbstractElectronic government innovations have been a critical development in public administration in recent years. Many countries have implemented e‐government policies to enhance efficiency and transparency and combat corruption. This paper examines the impact of e‐government on corruption using longitudinal data for more than 170 countries from 2002 to 2020. The empirical results suggest that e‐government serves as a deterrent to corrupt activities. We analyse which e‐government domains affect corruption, which types of corruption are more affected by e‐government and the circumstances under which e‐government is more effective in reducing corruption. The empirical results suggest that online service completion and e‐participation are important features of e‐government as an anticorruption tool. Evidence suggests that e‐participation reduces corrupt legislature activities, public sector theft, executive bribery, and corrupt exchanges. The potential of e‐government to deter corruption is higher in countries where corruption is moderate or high and economic development is lower. Higher levels of GDP per capita, foreign direct investment, and political rights are also associated with lower levels of corruption.
Fear of terrorism: Recognizing scenarios of potential danger in urban space
Authors: Ilum Stine 
Published: July 2023

AbstractThis article is about the fear of terrorism. The few and mainly quantitative studies on the topic have categorized people as afraid or not afraid, treating fear as a known constant detached from time and space. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Copenhagen, Denmark, this article argues instead that the fear of terrorism is momentary and transient; it flares up as flashes of fear. These flashes are triggered by the sensory experience of the urban environment combined with recollections of mediatized horror stories about previous terrorist attacks. This article shows how affects related to historical events, such as terrorist attacks, do not exclusively linger in the exact places or cities where they unfolded. Rather, affects can also, via media, travel to and flash up in scenarios that are geographically distant yet aesthetically resonant with historical events. This article thus provides an understanding of the temporal and emplaced dimensions of fear, and conceptualizes the relationship between the affects we experience, the surroundings we live in, and the stories we are exposed to via media.
Life in the fast lane: Revisiting the fast growth—High survival paradigm during the early life stages of fishes
Authors: Robert Dominique , Shoji Jun , Sirois Pascal , Takasuka Akinori , Catalán Ignacio A. , Folkvord Arild , Ludsin Stuart A. , Peck Myron A. , Sponaugle Su , Ayón Patricia M. , Brodeur Richard D. , Campbell Emily Y. , D'Alessandro Evan K. , Dower John F. , Fortier Louis , García Alberto G. , Huebert Klaus B. , Hufnagl Marc , Ito Shin‐ichi , Joh Mikimasa , Juanes Francis , Nyuji Mitsuo , Oozeki Yoshioki , Plaza Guido , Takahashi Motomitsu , Tanaka Yosuke , Tojo Naoki , Watari Shingo , Yasue Naotaka , Pepin Pierre 
Published: July 2023

AbstractEarly life survival is critical to successful replenishment of fish populations, and hypotheses developed under the Growth‐Survival Paradigm (GSP) have guided investigations of controlling processes. The GSP postulates that recruitment depends on growth and mortality rates during early life stages, as well as their duration, after which the mortality declines substantially. The GSP predicts a shift in the frequency distribution of growth histories with age towards faster growth rates relative to the initial population because slow‐growing individuals are subject to high mortality (via starvation and predation). However, mortality data compiled from 387 cases published in 153 studies (1971–2022) showed that the GSP was only supported in 56% of cases. Selection against slow growth occurred in two‐thirds of field studies, leaving a non‐negligible fraction of cases showing either an absence of or inverse growth‐selective survival, suggesting the growth‐survival relationship is more complex than currently considered within the GSP framework. Stochastic simulations allowed us to assess the influence of key intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the characteristics of surviving larvae and identify knowledge gaps on the drivers of variability in growth‐selective survival. We suggest caution when interpreting patterns of growth selection because changes in variance and autocorrelation of individual growth rates among cohorts can invalidate fundamental GSP assumptions. We argue that breakthroughs in recruitment research require a comprehensive, population‐specific characterization of the role of predation and intrinsic factors in driving variability in the distribution and autocorrelation of larval growth rates, and of the life stage corresponding to the endpoint of pre‐recruited life.
Father trait anger and associations with father–infant bonding and caregiving: The mediating role of mentalizing
Authors: Francis Lauren M. , Greenwood Christopher J. , Enticott Peter G. , Mansour Kayla A. , Smith Imogene , Graeme Liam G. , Olsson Craig A. , Milgrom Jeannette , Skouteris Helen , Macdonald Jacqui A. 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTrait anger reflects a tendency to feel irritation, annoyance, and rage, and involves a narrowing of cognition and attention. This narrowed scope may impact the capacity to understand the mental states of oneself and others (mentalizing), which for fathers of infants may compromise bonding and caregiving involvement. Here, we investigated the extent to which mentalizing mediated the relationship between father trait anger and both father–infant bonding and father involvement in infant caregiving. Data were from 168 fathers (M = 30.04 years of age, SD = 1.36) of 190 infants (M = 7.58 months of age, SD = 5.06) in the longitudinal Men and Parenting Pathways (MAPP) study. We assessed fathers' preconception trait anger at Wave 1 and their mentalizing 2 years later at Wave 3. At Waves 3, 4, and/or 5, we assessed father–infant bonding and father involvement in infant caregiving when men had an infant younger than 18 months of age. Associations were examined using path analysis. Poorer mentalizing fully mediated the relationship between preconception trait anger and father–infant bonding (total score), but not involvement in infant caregiving. Further, poorer mentalizing fully mediated the relationships between trait anger and each component of the father–infant bond (i.e., patience and tolerance, affection and pride, and pleasure in interactions). Findings suggest that for men high on trait anger, targeted interventions that facilitate mentalizing capacities may help to develop a foundation for a strong father–infant bond. Interventions may be offered on becoming a father (perinatal), or prior to becoming a father (preconception) to prevent future bonding problems.
MORE THAN MEETS THE FACT: THE UNIVERSALITY OF HISTORY AND THE COLONIAL MEDIATION
Authors: GAY EUGENIA 
Published: July 2023

ABSTRACTThis article examines how mediation is not just limited to the format that's selected to convey the findings of previously conducted research that supposedly followed the conventional protocols of the historical discipline. Rather, it considers mediation as a fundamental part of building historical knowledge, for it assumes that every part of the historiographical operation can be defined as “mediation.” Specifically, it deals with colonial historical mediation, a concept that refers to the combination of an overt or concealed agenda, intentional or unnoticed bias, commonsense assumptions, inherited academic and political traditions, conceptual constellations, and more or less informed theoretical beliefs that configure the subtext upon which historical explanation is built, particularly in Latin America.
Efficacy of mixture of injectable‐platelet‐rich fibrin and type‐1 collagen particles on the closure of through‐and‐through periapical bone defects: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: M Arpitha , S Tewari , P Sangwan , A Gupta 
Published: July 2023

AbstractAimTo determine the efficacy of a combination of injectable‐platelet‐rich fibrin and type‐1 collagen particles on the healing of through‐and‐through periapical bone defect and subsequent closure of bony window.MethodologyThe clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04391725). Thirty‐eight individuals with radiographic evidence of periapical radiolucency in maxillary anterior teeth and confirmed loss of palatal cortical plates in cone beam computed tomographic imaging were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 19) or the control group (n = 19). A mixture of i‐PRF and collagen as a graft was applied to the defect in adjunct to periapical surgery in the experimental group. No guided bone regeneration procedures were used in the control group. The healing was evaluated using Molven's (2D) and modified PENN 3D (3D) criteria. Percentage reduction of the buccal and palatal bony window area, and complete closure of through‐and‐through periapical bony window (tunnel defect) were assessed using Radiant Diacom viewer software (Version 4.0.2). The reduction in the periapical lesion area and volume was measured using Corel DRAW and ITK Snap software.ResultsThirty‐four participants (18 and 16 in the experimental and control groups respectively) reported for follow‐up at 12 months. There was 96.9% and 97.96% reduction of buccal bony window area in the experimental and control groups respectively. Similarly, palatal window showed 99.03% and 100% reduction in the experimental and control groups respectively. No significant difference in both buccal and palatal window reduction was noticed between the groups. A total of 14 cases (seven in the experimental group and seven in the control group) showed complete closure of through‐and‐through bony window. No significant difference in clinical, 2D and 3D radiographic healing, percentage reduction in area and volume was observed between the experimental and control groups (p > .05). Neither the area nor the volume of lesion, and the size of buccal or palatal window had significant effect on healing of through‐and‐through defects.ConclusionEndodontic microsurgery results in high success rate in large periapical lesions with through‐and‐through communication with more than 80% reduction in volume of lesion and size of both buccal and palatal window after 1 year. A mixture of type‐1 collagen particles and i‐PRF, adjunct to periapical micro‐surgery did not improve the healing in through‐and‐through periapical defects.
Effect of reactive diluent concentration on rheological and curing behavior of zirconia ceramic slurry for DLP printing
Authors: Liu Yansong , Liu Yongsheng , She Wentan , Cao Yejie , Zeng Qingfeng , Dong Ning 
Published: July 2023

AbstractA series of photosensitive zirconia ceramic slurry with adjustable viscosity and cured depth have been presented for the construction of high‐quality zirconia ceramic fabricated by digital light processing 3D printing. The rheological and curing behavior of the slurry can be flexibly optimized by tuning the reactive diluent concentration and category, since the change of dominant position of diluent on viscosity and the different curing mode. Monofunctional reactive diluent (HEA, hydroxyethyl acrylate) exhibits an enhanced dilution effect compared with that of bifunctional reactive diluent (HDDA, 1,6‐hexamethylene diacrylate) due to the lower molecular mass of monofunctional diluent. As a result, the viscosity reaches lower than 2000 mPa·s when the concentration of both HEA and HDDA exceeds 50 wt.%. At the same time, the non‐Newtonian properties of the slurry are also changed, which facilitates the printing process. However, excessive addition of diluent may generate more defects in ceramic green body. Consequently, the cured depth of zirconia slurry can reach 55 and 50 µm, respectively, at the curing time of 3 s while introducing the HEA or HDDA with the concentration below 70 wt.%, and the modified feedstock is promising for high‐quality and low‐defect zirconia ceramic components printing for biomedical applications.
Human leukocyte antigen‐G in gynaecological tumours
Authors: Guo Xinmeng , Zhang Jinning , Shang Jin , Cheng Yanfei , Tian Shuang , Yao Yuanqing 
Published: July 2023

AbstractGynaecological tumours that threaten the health of women, especially when advanced and recurrent, have remained mostly intractable to existing treatments. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Human leukocyte antigen‐G (HLA‐G) is a nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule typically expressed in foetuses for protection against destruction by the maternal immune system. HLA‐G is also expressed under pathological conditions, such as in solid tumours, and may participate in tumour development and serve as a novel immune checkpoint in cancer. Furthermore, it is expressed in most gynaecological tumours. Therefore, inhibiting HLA‐G and its receptors to block the immune escape pathway could represent a new strategy in cancer immunotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this review is the first to summarize recent research findings on HLA‐G in gynaecological oncology. We highlight the fact that HLA‐G is expressed in gynaecological tumour tissues, wherein it inactivates immune effectors involved in tumour progression. Further studies on HLA‐G in gynaecological oncology are needed to incorporate HLA‐G into the design and evaluation of immunotherapy for malignant gynaecological diseases.
Optimal service decisions and channel coordination analysis with after‐sales service and quality consideration
Authors: Wang Qingwei , Zheng Meimei , Pan Ershun 
Published: July 2023

AbstractRecently, an increasing number of firms sell product bundles with after‐sale services. It is challenging for firms to select the best product bundle of the product and services since the product and the services are intercorrelated. In this paper, we study a product service system where a manufacturer provides products to a retailer, who sells them bundled with additional after‐sales services to customers under a service‐level commitment. The market demand is uncertain and depends on the service‐level commitment and product quality. We derive the optimal product (production quantity and product quality) and service (service‐level commitment and service capacity) decisions for this supply system under demand uncertainty. Additionally, this paper designs a coordination mechanism with the service‐level commitment and cost sharing. The coordination mechanism can achieve a Pareto improvement (i.e., both manufacturer and retailer can be better off) and render a higher service‐level commitment and product quality, resulting in a win‒win situation for both the firms and customers. The analytical results demonstrate that service‐level commitment and product quality are substitutes for the firm's profit. Namely, the impact of the commitment of the service level on the firm's profitability increases as product quality decreases. Conversely, service capacity and product quality are complements to the firm's profit. Namely, the better the product quality is, the higher the marginal effect of larger service capacity on profitability.
Free occupying mechanism of simulated tetravalent waste ions in Gd2Zr2O7 and performance evaluation of the waste forms
Authors: Zuo Shibing , He Yang , You Yi , Shu Xiaoyan , Wen Mingfen , Lu Yuexiang , Duan Tao , Chen Jing , Luo Fen , Dong Faqin , Lu Xirui 
Published: July 2023

AbstractTo extend the practicability of ceramics in immobilizing nuclear waste with fluctuant composition, structural design should be abandoned. The simulated tetravalent actinide waste An4+ (Ce4+) was directly doped into prepared Gd2Zr2O7, and the waste forms were synthesized by high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. It has been shown that the maximum loading of CeO2 in Gd2Zr2O7 lies between 20 and 30 wt.%, and Ce elements are uniformly distributed in the matrix. Existing in Ce3+ and Ce4+, cerium ions automatically occupied both the Gd and Zr sites in Gd2Zr2O7 according to valence equilibrium. This occupation causes the change of r(A3+)/r(B4+) and eventually leads to the structure transition from pyrochlore to fluorite. In addition, the normalized leaching rate of the sample with 60 wt.% of dopant was about 2.5 × 10−7 g m−2 d−1 on the 35th day. In this study, a free occupation of simulated waste ions in ceramics was proposed.
Failure criterion for brittle materials with U‐notches: Unification of characteristic length‐based and grain size‐based criteria
Authors: Wang Anzhe , Wang Shuai , Liu Jicheng , Gao Pan , Du Bin , Zhang Dongyang 
Published: July 2023

AbstractHere, the limitations of characteristic length‐based (Lchb) and grain size‐based (Gb) criteria with two or three parameters were pointed out employing the apparent toughness tests of 12 different ceramics at a large span range of U‐notch root radius (ρ) values. After comprehensively considering the potential influencing factors of stress intensity factor (Kc), ρ divided by critical notch tip radius (ρc) was proposed as the independent variable, and the data of 21 materials (covering ceramics, plastics, resins, rocks, and metals) was summarized and discussed to establish a simple and more applicable Kc prediction model. Results indicated that Kc/KIc was a power function of ρ/ρc with a power exponent n of 0.5 for ideal materials and less than 0.5 for actual materials. It was also found that ρc can be calculated simply by KIc2/(πσ02), where σ0 represented the inherent strength. This semiempirical criterion succeeded in unifying the Lchb and Gb criteria without introducing more parameters to increase the prediction accuracy of the Kc at the U‐notch root for brittle materials like ceramics.