bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of epilepsy in older adults: A narrative review by theILAETask Force on Epilepsy in the Elderly
Authors: Beghi Ettore , Giussani Giorgia , Costa Cinzia , DiFrancesco Jacopo C. , Dhakar Monica , Leppik Ilo , Kwan Patrick , Akamatsu Naoki , Cretin Benjamin , O'Dwyer Rebecca , Kraemer Guenter , Piccenna Loretta , Faught Edward ,   the ILAE Task Force on Epilepsy in the Elderly (2017–2021)
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn an aging world, it is important to know the burden of epilepsy affecting populations of older persons. We performed a selective review of epidemiological studies that we considered to be most informative, trying to include data from all parts of the world. We emphasized primary reports rather than review articles. We reviewed studies reporting the incidence and prevalence of epilepsy that focused on an older population as well as studies that included a wider age range if older persons were tabulated as a subgroup. There is strong evidence that persons older than approximately 60 years incur an increasing risk of both acute symptomatic seizures and epilepsy. In wealthier countries, the incidence of epilepsy increases sharply after age 60 or 65 years. This phenomenon was not always observed among reports from populations with lower socioeconomic status. This discrepancy may reflect differences in etiologies, methods of ascertainment, or distribution of ages; this is an area for more research. We identified other areas for which there are inadequate data. Incidence data are scarcer than prevalence data and are missing for large areas of the world. Prevalence is lower than would be expected from cumulative incidence, possibly because of remissions, excess mortality, or misdiagnosis of acute symptomatic seizures as epilepsy. Segmentation by age, frailty, and comorbidities is desirable, because “epilepsy in the elderly” is otherwise too broad a concept. Data are needed on rates of status epilepticus and drug‐resistant epilepsy using the newer definitions. Many more data are needed from low‐income populations and from developing countries. Greater awareness of the high rates of seizures among older adults should lead to more focused diagnostic efforts for individuals. Accurate data on epilepsy among older adults should drive proper allocation of treatments for individuals and resources for societies.
Botryomycosis‐like discospondylitis of the thoracic spine in a Friesian horse with severe bilateral pelvic limb ataxia and paresis
Authors: Vandekerckhove Louis , Raes Els , De Jonge Bert , Neuckermans Zoé , Vanderperren Katrien 
Published: January 2023

SummaryBotryomycosis is an uncommon chronic bacterial pyogranulomatous infection of cutaneous and, rarely of visceral origin, that can rarely invade the osseous tissues. An 8‐year‐old Friesian gelding was presented with severe bilateral hindlimb ataxia and paresis of 2‐weeks' duration. Radiographic examination revealed a large osteolytic lesion at the T10‐T11 intervertebral disc space. Post‐mortem examination revealed discospondylitis with abscess formation and histological presence of pyogranulomatous inflammation with coccoform bacteria rimmed by Splendore‐Hoeppli material. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by bacteriological examination. This case report describes the clinical presentation, imaging features and post‐mortem findings of a Friesian gelding presenting with severe bilateral hindlimb ataxia and paresis caused by compression and degeneration of the spinal cord due to a botryomycosis‐like thoracic discospondylitis. Botryomycosis‐like infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of focal expansile bone lesions demonstrating diffuse osteolysis, sclerosis and interrupted bone margins.
Pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol in horses after intravenous and oral administration with oil and micellar formulations
Authors: Sánchez de Medina Antonia , Serrano‐Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Díez de Castro Elisa , García‐Valverde María Teresa , Saitua Aritz , Becero Mireia , Muñoz Ana , Ferreiro‐Vera Carlos , Sánchez de Medina Verónica 
Published: January 2023

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol (CBD) with different formulations have not been investigated in horses and may represent a starting point for clinical studies.ObjectivesTo describe pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administrations with oil and micellar formulations and simulate different treatments.Study designSingle intravenous experiment and two‐way randomised oral experiments, Latin‐square design.MethodsEight healthy horses received intravenous CBD at 1.00 mg/kg dose, oral CBD in sesame oil and in micellar formulation, both at 10.00 mg/kg. Concentrations were measured using LC–MS/MS and fitted by nonlinear mixed effect modelling. Parameters obtained were used to simulate single and multiple treatments at steady state.ResultsIntravenous and oral concentrations were simultaneously fitted using a three‐compartment model. Final estimates indicate that CBD has a volume of distribution of 36 L/kg associated with a systemic clearance of 1.46 L/h/kg and half‐lives ranged between 24 and 34 h. Oral bioavailability was close to 14% for both oral administrations. Simulated dose regimen of CBD every 12 and 24 h predicted similar percentages to reach effective plasma concentration with both oral formulation at 10.00 mg/kg.Main limitationsA small horse population was used (8 horses per trial).Conclusions and clinical importanceOral bioavailability was low at the doses studied but fell within the range described for horse and other species. CBD had a high steady‐state volume of distribution, a high clearance and long half‐lives. No adverse reactions were detected at any dose or route. The micellar formulation showed a faster absorption and higher concentration peak, while the oil formulation presented lower levels, but more maintained over time. Simulations predicted that both could be useful in multiple oral dose treatments. These results indicated that CBD could be of interest, but further studies are needed to evaluate its clinical use in horses.
Ultrafine‐grained β‐Sialon fabricated by two‐stage sintering and study on diffusion toughening of Ti–22Al–25Nb
Authors: Xi Chenyang , Cui Tianlun , Guo Haoshan , Liang Kangbo , Zhang Chunxiang , Luo Junting 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThe ultrafine‐grained β‐Sialon ceramics were fabricated by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures with inorganic Al2O3–Y2O3 and Ti–22Al–25Nb intermetallic powder as composite additives. The research showed that β‐Sialon ceramics achieve two‐stage sintering densification. Al2O3–Y2O3 inorganic additives promoted the synthesis and densification of β‐Sialon ceramics at 1125–1215°C. Ti–22Al–25Nb intermetallic powder diffused Ti and Nb elements at 1240–1425°C, thereby improving the fracture toughness of β‐Sialon ceramics. The maximum fracture toughness (∼9.69 MPa m1/2) under 19.6 N was obtained for β‐Sialon ceramics sintered at 1600°C.
Fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of polyhedral PANI‐coated Co3O4 electrode for supercapacitor application
Authors: Misnon Izan Izwan , Manickavasakam Karnan , Nordin Norhayati , Jose Rajan 
Published: January 2023

AbstractIn this work, conducting polymer modification on metal oxide surfaces was targeted to improve the composite conductivity and stability for electrochemical energy storage applications. Polyhedral cobalt oxide (Co3O4) was prepared using a molten salt combustion method and coated with polyaniline (PANI). The composite (PANI‐CoM) was characterized using XRD, TGA, FTIR, FESEM, TEM, and BET. From cyclic voltammetry analysis in 6 M KOH, PANI‐CoM shows a high CS (985 F/g) compared to bare Co3O4 (278 F/g), indicating that PANI coating has improved pseudocapacitive charge storability of the electrode. The electrolyte diffusion on the internal active surfaces has increased from 11% to 31%, contributed by the reduction of internal resistance by 29%. Activated carbon and ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) were used to manufacture two sets of asymmetrical supercapacitor devices, and PANI‐CoM/OMC functioned the best performance with an ED of 22 Wh/kg at a PD of 400 W/kg.
Effects of different stirrer modes on the physicochemical properties of vegetables during cooking
Authors: Ning Meng , Zhang Fan , Deng Qian , Chen Yang , Chen Jie , Wang Zhaojun 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused dietary changes. Humans reduced social activities to prevent the spread of COVID‐19, which led to increasing demand for machines to help cook. This work studies the effect of different stirrer modes on the texture of celery, asparagus, green peppers, and spinach during the cooking process and the functional loss of components in vegetables by measuring the changes in vitamin C, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids. The results showed that colour changes and loss of nutrients in each vegetable varied under different stirrer modes. Stirring was found to be the best mode for cooking all four vegetables. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the a* value and functional components during the cooking process, which means that the colour difference and nutritional loss of vegetables can be modulated together. This study provides theoretical guidance for developing the stirring unit in a cooking machine.
Inside the phagosome: A bacterial perspective
Authors: Hampton Mark B. , Dickerhof Nina 
Published: January 2023

SummaryThe neutrophil phagosome is one of the most hostile environments that bacteria must face and overcome if they are to succeed as pathogens. Targeting bacterial defense mechanisms should lead to new therapies that assist neutrophils to kill pathogens, but this has not yet come to fruition. One of the limiting factors in this effort has been our incomplete knowledge of the complex biochemistry that occurs within the rapidly changing environment of the phagosome. The same compartmentalization that protects host tissue also limits our ability to measure events within the phagosome. In this review, we highlight the limitations in our knowledge, and how the contribution of bacteria to the phagosomal environment is often ignored. There appears to be significant heterogeneity among phagosomes, and it is important to determine whether survivors have more efficient defenses or whether they are ingested into less threatening environments than other bacteria. As part of these efforts, we discuss how monitoring or recovering bacteria from phagosomes can provide insight into the conditions they have faced. We also encourage the use of unbiased screening approaches to identify bacterial genes that are essential for survival inside neutrophil phagosomes.
Surfing on the waves of the human γδ T cell ontogenic sea
Authors: Sanchez Sanchez Guillem , Tafesse Yohannes , Papadopoulou Maria , Vermijlen David 
Published: January 2023

SummaryWhile γδ T cells are present virtually in all vertebrates, there is a remarkable lack of conservation of the TRG and TRD loci underlying the generation of the γδ T cell receptor (TCR), which is associated with the generation of species‐specific γδ T cells. A prominent example is the human phosphoantigen‐reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset that is absent in mice. Murine γδ thymocyte cells were among the first immune cells identified to follow a wave‐based layered development during embryonic and early life, and since this initial observation, in‐depth insight has been obtained in their thymic ontogeny. By contrast, less is known about the development of human γδ T cells, especially regarding the generation of γδ thymocyte waves. Here, after providing an overview of thymic γδ wave generation in several vertebrate classes, we review the evidence for γδ waves in the human fetal thymus, where single‐cell technologies have allowed the breakdown of human γδ thymocytes into functional waves with important TCR associations. Finally, we discuss the possible mechanisms contributing to the generation of waves of γδ thymocytes and their possible significance in the periphery.
Different degrees of skill obsolescence across hard and soft skills and the role of lifelong learning for labor market outcomes
Authors: Schultheiss Tobias , Backes‐Gellner Uschi 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis paper examines the role of lifelong learning in counteracting skill depreciation and obsolescence. We differentiate between occupations with more hard skills versus more soft skills and draw on representative job advertisement data that contain machine‐learning categorized skill requirements and cover the Swiss job market in great detail across occupations (from 1950 to 2019). We examine lifelong learning effects for “harder” versus “softer” occupations, thereby analyzing the role of training in counteracting skill depreciation in occupations that are differently affected by skill depreciation. Our results reveal novel empirical patterns regarding the benefits of lifelong learning, which are consistent with theoretical explanations based on structurally different skill depreciation rates: In harder occupations, with large shares of fast‐depreciating hard skills, the role of lifelong learning is primarily as a hedge against unemployment risks rather than a boost to wages. By contrast, in softer occupations, in which workers build on more value‐stable soft‐skill foundations, the role of lifelong learning instead lies mostly in acting as a boost for upward career mobility and leads to larger wage gains.
A 3D oxalate‐bridged [CuIIFeII] coordination polymer as molecular precursor for CuFe2O4 spinel—photocatalytic features
Authors: Molčanov Lidija , Androš Dubraja Lidija , Vrankić Martina , Jurić Marijana 
Published: January 2023

AbstractA 3D heterometallic oxalate‐bridged coordination polymer [CuIIFeII2(H2O)(terpy)(C2O4)3]n (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) (1) was investigated both as photocatalyst for the organic dye removal and as a single‐source precursor for the preparation of the copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) nanocrystals by thermal processing. The dual functionality of 1 was supported by the degradation of aqueous solutions of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) solutions under visible (Vis) and ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation, powder X‐ray diffraction data collection at room temperature, and the optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses. A close inspection of the X‐ray diffraction patterns unveiled qualitative and quantitative information on the phase composition obtained after the single‐source molecular precursor route to spinel oxide. By optimizing the temperature levels and setting the controlled heating rate at 6 h of holding time, the phase composition of thermal processing of 1 was evaluated—thermal treatment of 1 at 950°C for 6 h and a heating/cooling rate of 10°C min−1 resulted in the formation of solely tetragonal spinel phase of CuFe2O4, whereas the formation of both tetragonal and cubic CuFe2O4 phases was observed at 950°C by the heating rate of 30°C min−1. To obtain the high‐temperature cubic CuFe2O4 oxide, compound 1 was heated and then quenched at 925°C, which led to the formation of the cubic spinel ferrite as the main crystalline oxide phase. Moreover, the photocatalytic properties of the t‐CuFe2O4 spinel were investigated under the same conditions as for 1. The optical bandgap energies were estimated from UV–Vis absorption spectra for both metal oxide and precursor powder.
Environmental and geographical factors structure cauliflower coral's algal symbioses across the Indo‐Pacific
Authors: Glynn Victoria M. , Vollmer Steven V. , Kline David I. , Barrett Rowan D. H. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractAimThe symbioses between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellates have been described as a flexible relationship whose dynamics could serve as a source of resilience for coral reef ecosystems. However, the factors that drive the establishment and maintenance of this co‐evolutionary relationship remain unclear. We examined the environmental and geographical factors structuring dinoflagellate communities in a wide‐ranging Indo‐Pacific coral to begin to address this gap.LocationDjibouti, Oman, Taiwan and French Polynesia.TaxonCauliflower corals (Pocillopora spp.), dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae).MethodsWe analysed publicly available amplicon sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2, originating from Pocillopora spp. We also compiled environmental data such as sea surface temperature (SST) and time since the last local mass bleaching event. We ran generalized least squares models, PERMANOVAs and indicator species analyses, to understand how thermal regimes and geographical distances impacted Pocillopora spp.'s Symbiodiniaceae community composition.ResultsSea surface temperature was the most important factor driving Symbiodiniaceae community differences, with the largest effect size of the statistically significant factors. When focusing on individual Symbiodiniaceae genera, SST was likewise the most important factor. Our indicator species analyses revealed that specimens that had recently bleached were characterized by roughly equal proportions of Cladocopium spp. and Durusdinium spp., while specimens that had not recently bleached had a similar proportion of Durusdinium spp. as those that had recently bleached, but also showed a reduction in Cladocopium spp., with this deficiency made up by the presence of Symbiodinium spp.Main ConclusionsWe provide further support for the hypothesis that coral's Symbiodiniaceae communities could facilitate host resilience to thermal stress. Our work is in direct conversation with a larger body of biogeography literature that highlights how local environmental regimes can impact contemporary population structure, even in marine taxa with widespread distributions.
Validity of self‐reported hypertension and related factors in the adult population: Preliminary results from the cohort in the west of Iran
Authors: Piri Negar , Moradi Yousef , Gheshlagh Reza Ghanei , Abdullahi Mahsa , Fattahi Eghbal , Moradpour Farhad 
Published: January 2023

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the validity of self‐reported hypertension and related factors in the Dehgolan Prospective Cohort Study (DehPCS). Data were obtained from 3996 participants aged 35–70 years in the enrolment phase of DehPCS. Self‐reported hypertension and sociodemographic factors were collected by well‐trained interviewers before hypertension diagnosis based on the reference criteria. The history of anti‐hypertensive medication use and/or systolic blood pressure ≥140 (mmHg), or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 (mmHg) were considered as hypertension. Disagreement between self‐reported and reference measures was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and kappa values. Binary and multinomial logistic regressions were used to investigate the correlates of validity of self‐reported hypertension. The hypertension prevalence based on self‐reports and the reference criteria was 19.49% and 21.60%, respectively. An acceptable percentage of kappa agreement value of 68.7% and relatively good overall agreement of 89.8% were found. Self‐reported hypertension was guaranteed moderate sensitivity of 72.0% and high specificity of 94.5%, as well as the NPV and PPV of 92/7% and 77/9%, respectively. The chances of false‐positive and false‐negative reporting increased with older age, higher BMI, and a family history of hypertension. Being female, older age, higher BMI, concurrent diabetes, and stronger family ties to hypertension patients significantly increased the chance of reporting true positives relative to true negatives. Although, self‐reported hypertension has an acceptable validity and can be used as a valid tool for screening epidemiological studies, it needs to be investigated because its validity is affected by age, gender, family history of hypertension, and other socio‐demographic characteristics.
Inhibition of ribosome assembly factor PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique suppresses lung adenocarcinoma and Notch pathway: Clinical application
Authors: Roy Sanjit K. , Srivastava Shivam , Hancock Andrew , Shrivastava Anju , Morvant Jason , Shankar Sharmila , Srivastava Rakesh K. 
Published: January 2023

AbstractGrowth is crucially controlled by the functional ribosomes available in cells. To meet the enhanced energy demand, cancer cells re‐wire and increase their ribosome biogenesis. The RNA‐binding protein PNO1, a ribosome assembly factor, plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and also examine the molecular mechanisms by which PNO1 knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited growth and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of PNO1 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma compared to normal lung tissues. PNO1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients increased with stage, nodal metastasis, and smoking. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues from males expressed higher PNO1 than those from females. Furthermore, lung adenocarcinoma tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild‐type Tp53, suggesting the influence of Tp53 status on PNO1 expression. PNO1 knockdown inhibited cell viability, colony formation, and EMT, and induced apoptosis. Since dysregulated signalling through the Notch receptors promotes lung adenocarcinoma, we measured the effects of PNO1 inhibition on the Notch pathway. PNO1 knockdown inhibited Notch signalling by suppressing the expression of Notch receptors, their ligands, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockdown also suppressed CCND1, p21, PTGS‐2, IL‐1α, IL‐8, and CXCL‐8 genes. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker, and also can be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
PINK1/Parkin‐mediated mitophagy enhances the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine macrophages
Authors: Zhou Xi , Liu Kangjun , Li Jianji , Cui Luying , Dong Junsheng , Li Jun , Meng Xia , Zhu Guoqiang , Wang Heng 
Published: January 2023

AbstractMitochondria are cellular organelles that are involved in various metabolic processes, and damage to mitochondria can affect cell health and even lead to disease. Mitophagy is a mechanism by which cells selectively wrap and degrade damaged mitochondria to maintain cell homeostasis. However, studies have not focused on whether mitophagy is involved in the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐induced mastitis in dairy cows. Here, we found that S. aureus infection of bovine macrophages leads to oxidative damage and mitochondria damage. The expression of LC3, PINK1 and Parkin was significantly increased after intracellular infection. We observed changes in the morphology of mitochondria and the emergence of mitochondrial autolysosomes in bovine macrophages by transmission electron microscopy and found that enhanced mitophagy promoted bacterial proliferation in the cell. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that S. aureus infection of bovine macrophages induces mitophagy through the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and this mechanism is used by the bacteria to avoid macrophage‐induced death. These findings provide new ideas and references for the prevention and treatment of S. aureus infection.