bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel calculation method to predict gas–water two-phase production for the fractured tight-gas horizontal well
Authors: Lv Min , Xue Bo , Guo Weipeng , Li Jing , Guan Bin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe prediction of production capacity in tight gas wells is greatly influenced by the characteristics of gas–water two-phase flow and the fracture network permeability parameters. However, traditional analytical models simplify the nonlinear problems of two-phase flow equations to a large extent, resulting in significant errors in dynamic analysis results. To address this issue, this study considers the characteristics of gas–water two-phase flow in the reservoir and fracture network, utilizes a trilinear flow model to characterize the effects of hydraulic fracturing, and takes into account the stress sensitivity of the reservoir and fractures. A predictive model for gas–water two-phase production in tight fractured horizontal wells is established. By combining the mass balance equation with the Newton–Raphson iteration method, the nonlinear parameters of the flow model are updated step by step using the average reservoir pressure. The accuracy of the model is validated through comparisons with results from commercial numerical simulation software and field case applications. The research results demonstrate that the established semi-analytical solution method efficiently handles the nonlinear two-phase flow problems, allowing for the rapid and accurate prediction of production capacity in tight gas wells. Water production significantly affects gas well productivity, and appropriate fracture network parameters are crucial for improving gas well productivity. The findings of this work could provide more clear understanding of the gas production performance from the fractured tight-gas horizontal well.
Multi-time Step Deterioration Prediction of Freeways Using Linear Regression and Machine Learning Approaches: A Case Study
Authors: Tran Huu , Robert Dilan , Gunarathna Prageeth , Setunge Sujeeva 
Published: September 2023

AbstractMulti-time step deterioration prediction of road pavements can provide more options for effective maintenance and rehabilitation decision under limited resources as compared to single time step prediction. This paper presents the 1–4 time step ahead prediction of the pavement cracking, rutting and roughness using their past values together with climate and traffic data as model inputs. Three prediction models were adopted, including the simple multiple linear regression (MLR) model and two sophisticated machine learning models, namely, support vector regression (SVR) and genetic programming (GP) models. An industry dataset of spray seal freeways is used to demonstrate the application of the methodology developed in this study. After calibration with observed data, the three prediction models are tested with unseen datasets using three performance indicators, namely, mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and coefficient of determination (R squared). Among many results, all three models are unable to predict cracking with acceptable prediction accuracy. On the other hand, the rutting and roughness can be predicted with relatively good accuracy up to 4 time steps ahead. The sensitivity analysis shows that roughness and rutting prediction depends significantly on their previous or lagged values and not on remaining inputs such as annual average daily traffic (AADT) and rainfall. The methodology developed in this study is also applied to another dataset of asphalt freeways, which have similar model inputs. Similar findings are found with this dataset of asphalt freeways to that of spray seal freeways. The simple MLR model can produce similar prediction performance to the sophisticated SVR and GP models for rutting and roughness, suggesting the use of the MLR model as a benchmark for any development of prediction models for pavement deterioration.
Evolution of reproductive strategies: sex roles, sex ratios and phylogenies
Authors: Székely Tamás 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBehavioural variations associated with breeding—termed reproductive strategies—are some of the striking behaviours that have occupied naturalists for 1000s of years. How an animal seeks, competes for and/or chooses a mate? Do they breed with a single partner, or do they change partners between breeding events? How and when do they look after their young? Behavioural biologists, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have investigated these questions using quantitative methods since 1970s. In Debrecen, with the support and mentoring of Prof Zoltán Varga, we are investigating the causes and implications of reproductive strategies since 1988. This article reviews some of the core ideas in reproductive strategies research and explains the influence of Prof Varga on the development of these ideas. My main thesis here is that both integrative thinking and adopting a multi-pronged research approach using an explicit phylogenetic framework—both of these have been spearheaded by Prof Varga throughout his lifetime—can reveal novel aspects of reproductive strategies. Importantly, some of these academic insights have direct implications for preserving species and their habitats in the wild, and thus benefit biodiversity conservation.
Investigating the potential effects of α-synuclein aggregation on susceptibility to chronic stress in a mouse Parkinson’s disease model
Authors: Alwani Anna , Maziarz Katarzyna , Burda Gabriela , Jankowska-Kiełtyka Monika , Roman Adam , Łyszczarz Gabriela , Er Safak , Barut Justyna , Barczyk-Woźnicka Olga , Pyza Elżbieta , Kreiner Grzegorz , Nalepa Irena , Chmielarz Piotr 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a motor disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, putatively due to the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) in Substantia Nigra. PD is also associated with the formation of LBs in brain areas responsible for emotional and cognitive regulation such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, and concurrent depression prevalence in PD patients. The exact link between dopaminergic cell loss, α-syn aggregation, depression, and stress, a major depression risk factor, is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the interplay between sensitivity to chronic stress and α-syn aggregation.

Methods
Bilateral injections of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum of C57Bl/6 J mice were used to induce α-syn aggregation. Three months after injections, animals were exposed to chronic social defeat stress.

Results
α-syn aggregation did not affect stress susceptibility but independently caused increased locomotor activity in the open field test, reduced anxiety in the light–dark box test, and increased active time in the tail suspension test. Ex vivo analysis revealed modest dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra and reduced dopaminergic innervation in the dorsal striatum in PFFs injected groups. α-Syn aggregates were prominent in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and substantia nigra, with minimal α-syn aggregation in the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus.

Conclusions
Progressive bilateral α-syn aggregation might lead to compensatory activity increase and alterations in emotionally regulated behavior, without affecting stress susceptibility. Understanding how α-syn aggregation and degeneration in specific brain structures contribute to depression and anxiety in PD patients requires further investigation.
Fokker-Planck equations for a trapped particle in a quantum-thermal Ohmic bath: general theory and applications to Josephson junctions
Authors: Furutani Koichiro , Salasnich Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider a particle trapped by a generic external potential and under the influence of a quantum-thermal Ohmic bath. Starting from the Langevin equation, we derive the corresponding Schwinger-Keldysh action. Then, within the path-integral formalism, we obtain both the semiclassical Fokker-Planck equation and the quantum Fokker-Planck equation for this out-of-equilibrium system. In the case of an external harmonic potential and in the underdamped regime, we find that our Fokker-Planck equations contain an effective temperature $$T_{\text {eff}}$$

T
eff

, which crucially depends on the interplay between quantum and thermal fluctuations in contrast to the classical Fokker-Planck equation. In the regime of high temperatures, one recovers the classical Fokker-Planck equation. As an application of our result, we also provide the stationary solution of the semiclassical Fokker-Planck equations for a superconducting Josephson circuit and for a Bose Josephson junction, which are experimentally accessible.
Asymptotics of Some Plancherel Averages Via Polynomiality Results
Authors: Schachinger Werner 
Published: September 2023

AbstractConsider Young diagrams of n boxes distributed according to the Plancherel measure. So those diagrams could be the output of the RSK algorithm, when applied to random permutations of the set $$\{1,\ldots ,n\}$$

{
1
,
…
,
n
}

. Here we are interested in asymptotics, as $$n\rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

, of expectations of certain functions of random Young diagrams, such as the number of bumping steps of the RSK algorithm that leads to that diagram, the side length of its Durfee square, or the logarithm of its probability. We can express these functions in terms of hook lengths or contents of the boxes of the diagram, which opens the door for application of known polynomiality results for Plancherel averages. We thus obtain representations of expectations as binomial convolutions, that can be further analyzed with the help of Rice’s integral or Poisson generating functions. Among our results is a very explicit expression for the constant appearing in the almost equipartition property of the Plancherel measure.
Oxycodon – eine erklärungsbedürftige Karriere
Authors: Sachtleben Stefan 
Published: September 2023

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Oxycodon ist 1998 als orales Opioidanalgetikum in Deutschland erneut auf den Markt gekommen, nachdem es 1990 vom Markt genommen worden war. Heute ist es das meistverordnete orale WHO-Stufe-3-Opioid, obwohl sich seine analgetische Wirkung nicht von der anderer Opioidanalgetika unterscheidet. In Deutschland wurde es 2017 öfter als Ibuprofen ärztlich verordnet.

Fragestellung
Wie erklärt sich dieser Aufstieg?

Material und Methode
Orientierende Literaturrecherche (Scoping Review), Auswertung von Pharmastatistiken und Leitlinien, Diskussion von Empfehlungen

Ergebnis
Der Aufstieg von Oxycodon ist nicht in seinen pharmakologischen oder medizinischen Eigenschaften begründet. Die Ursache für die häufige Verordnung scheinen Marketingmaßnahmen eines Pharmaunternehmens zu sein. Es wurden in großem Umfang ärztliche Informationsquellen beeinflusst oder verändert.

Schlussfolgerung
Dies gelang, weil im ärztlichen Informationsverhalten die Qualität von Informationsquellen zu wenig beachtet wird.
Lifetime exposure to brominated trihalomethanes in drinking water and swimming pool attendance are associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a Multicase-Control Study in Spain (MCC-Spain)
Authors: Donat-Vargas Carolina , Kogevinas Manolis , Benavente Yolanda , Costas Laura , Campo Elias , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Fernandez-Tardon Guillermo , Llorca Javier , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Aragonés Nuria , Pollan Marina , Casabonne Delphine , Villanueva Cristina M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) etiology is poorly understood, and carcinogenic chemicals in drinking and recreational water are candidates.

Objective
To evaluate the association between drinking-water exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) and nitrate as well as lifetime swimming pool attendance and CLL.

Methods
During 2010–2013, hospital-based CLL cases and population-based controls were recruited in Spain, providing information on residential histories, type of water consumed and swimming pool attendance. Average THMs and nitrate levels in drinking water were linked to lifetime water consumption. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using mixed models.

Results
Final samples for residential tap water analyses and swimming pool attendance analyses were 144 cases/1230 controls and 157 cases/1240 controls, respectively. Mean (SD) values for average lifetime residential brominated THMs and chloroform in tap water (μg/L), and ingested nitrate (mg/day) were 48.1 (35.6), 18.5 (6.7) and 13.7 (9.6) respectively in controls; and 72.9 (40.7), 17.9 (5.4), and 14.1 (8.8) in CLL cases. For each 10 μg/L increase of brominated THMs and chloroform lifetime-average levels, the ORs (95% CI) were 1.22 (1.14, 1.31) and 0.54 (0.34, 0.87), respectively. For each 5 mg/day increase of ingested nitrate, the OR of CLL was 0.91 (0.80, 1.04). The OR of lifetime pool users (vs. non-users) was 2.38 (1.61, 3.52). Upon performing annual frequency of attending pools analysis through categorization, the second and third categories showed an ORs of 2.36 (1.49, 3.72) and 2.40 (1.51, 3.83), respectively, and P-trend of 0.001.

Impact statement
This study identifies an association of long-term exposure to THMs in drinking water, at concentrations below the regulatory thresholds and WHO guidelines, and swimming pool attendance, with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These unprecedented findings are highly relevant since CLL is an incurable cancer with still unknown etiology and because the widespread exposure to chlorination by-products that remain in drinking and recreational water worldwide. Despite the demonstrated carcinogenicity in animals of several chlorination by-products, little is known about their potential risks on human health. This study makes a significant contribution to the search for environmental factors involved in the etiology of CLL and to the evidence of the health impact of these high prevalent water contaminants.
Eltrombopag with or without Tacrolimus for relapsed/refractory acquired aplastic anaemia: a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Ji Jiang , Wan Ziqi , Ruan Jing , Yang Yuan , Hu Qinglin , Chen Zesong , Yang Chen , Chen Miao , Han Bing 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis trial compared eltrombopag (EPAG)+tacrolimus and EPAG monotherapy in patients with refractory/relapsed acquired aplastic anaemia (AA). Patients with refractory/relapsed AA were randomly assigned to receive either EPAG+tacrolimus or EPAG monotherapy at a ratio of 2:1. Patient response, safety, clonal evolution and survival were compared. In total, 114 patients were included in the analysis, with 76 patients receiving EPAG+tacrolimus and 38 receiving EPAG only. With a median follow-up of 18 (6–24) months, the overall response rate (ORR) for patients treated with EPAG+tacrolimus and EPAG alone was 38.2% vs. 31.6% (P = 0.490) at the 3rd month, 61.8% vs. 39.5% (P = 0.024) at the 6th month, 64.5% vs. 47.1% (P = 0.097) at the 12th month, and 60.5% vs. 34.2% (P = 0.008) at the last follow-up. The rate of each adverse event, overall survival curves (P = 0.635) and clonal evolution rate (P = 1.000) were comparable between the groups. A post hoc subgroup analysis showed that EPAG+tacrolimus could have advantage over EPAG monotherapy in terms of the ORR at the 6th month (P = 0.030)/last follow-up (P = 0.013) and the cumulative relapse-free survival (RFS) curves (P = 0.048) in patients <60 years old.
Spatial transcriptomics delineates molecular features and cellular plasticity in lung adenocarcinoma progression
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Bing , Min Qingjie , Yang Xin , Yan Shi , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Shaolei , Fan Jiawen , Wang Yaqi , Dong Bin , Teng Huajing , Lin Dongmei , Zhan Qimin , Wu Nan 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndolent (lepidic) and aggressive (micropapillary, solid, and poorly differentiated acinar) histologic subtypes often coexist within a tumor tissue of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), but the molecular features associated with different subtypes and their transitions remain elusive. Here, we combine spatial transcriptomics and multiplex immunohistochemistry to elucidate molecular characteristics and cellular plasticity of distinct histologic subtypes of LUAD. We delineate transcriptional reprogramming and dynamic cell signaling that determine subtype progression, especially hypoxia-induced regulatory network. Different histologic subtypes exhibit heterogeneity in dedifferentiation states. Additionally, our results show that macrophages are the most abundant cell type in LUAD, and identify different tumor-associated macrophage subpopulations that are unique to each histologic subtype, which might contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Our results provide a systematic landscape of molecular profiles that drive LUAD subtype progression, and demonstrate potentially novel therapeutic strategies and targets for invasive lung adenocarcinoma.
Concurrent oxygen reduction and water oxidation at high ionic strength for scalable electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Kim Changmin , Park Sung O , Kwak Sang Kyu , Xia Zhenhai , Kim Guntae , Dai Liming 
Published: September 2023

AbstractElectrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide via selective two-electron transfer oxygen reduction or water oxidation reactions offers a cleaner, cost-effective alternative to anthraquinone processes. However, it remains a challenge to achieve high Faradaic efficiencies at elevated current densities. Herein, we report that oxygen-deficient Pr1.0Sr1.0Fe0.75Zn0.25O4-δperovskite oxides rich of oxygen vacancies can favorably bind the reaction intermediates to facilitate selective and efficient two-electron transfer pathways. These oxides exhibited superior Faradic efficiencies (~99%) for oxygen reduction over a wide potential range (0.05 to 0.45 Vversusreversible hydrogen electrode) and current densities surpassing 50 mA cm−2under high ionic strengths. We further found that the oxides perform a high selectivity (~80%) for two-electron transfer water oxidation reaction at a low overpotential (0.39 V). Lastly, we devised a membrane-free electrolyser employing bifunctional electrocatalysts, achieving a record-high Faradaic efficiency of 163.0% at 2.10 V and 50 mA cm−2. This marks the first report of the concurrent oxygen reduction and water oxidation catalysed by efficient bifunctional oxides in a novel membrane-free electrolyser for scalable hydrogen peroxide electrosynthesis.
The tumor microenvironment shows a hierarchy of cell-cell interactions dominated by fibroblasts
Authors: Mayer Shimrit , Milo Tomer , Isaacson Achinoam , Halperin Coral , Miyara Shoval , Stein Yaniv , Lior Chen , Pevsner-Fischer Meirav , Tzahor Eldad , Mayo Avi , Alon Uri , Scherz-Shouval Ruth 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of non-malignant cells that interact with each other and with cancer cells, critically impacting cancer biology. The TME is complex, and understanding it requires simplifying approaches. Here we provide an experimental-mathematical approach to decompose the TME into small circuits of interacting cell types. We find, using female breast cancer single-cell-RNA-sequencing data, a hierarchical network of interactions, with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) at the top secreting factors primarily to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This network is composed of repeating circuit motifs. We isolate the strongest two-cell circuit motif by culturing fibroblasts and macrophages in-vitro, and analyze their dynamics and transcriptomes. This isolated circuit recapitulates the hierarchy of in-vivo interactions, and enables testing the effect of ligand-receptor interactions on cell dynamics and function, as we demonstrate by identifying a mediator of CAF-TAM interactions - RARRES2, and its receptor CMKLR1. Thus, the complexity of the TME may be simplified by identifying small circuits, facilitating the development of strategies to modulate the TME.
Experimental demonstration of multiparty quantum secret sharing and conference key agreement
Authors: Liu Shuaishuai , Lu Zhenguo , Wang Pu , Tian Yan , Wang Xuyang , Li Yongmin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractQuantum secret sharing (QSS) and conference key agreement (CKA) provide efficient encryption approaches for realizing multi-party secure communication, which are essential components of quantum networks. In this work, a practical, scalable, verifiable (k, n) threshold continuous variable QSS protocol secure against eavesdroppers and dishonest players are proposed and demonstrated. The protocol does not require preparing the laser source by each player and phase locking of independent lasers. The parameter evaluation and key extraction can be accomplished by only the dealer and the corresponding player. By using the multiple sideband modulation, a single heterodyne detector can extract the information of multiple players. The practical security of the system is considered. The system is versatile, it can support the CKA protocol by only modifying the classic post-processing and requiring no changes to the underlying hardware architecture. By implementing the QSS and CKA protocols with five parties over 25 km (55 km) single-mode fibers, a key rate of 0.0061 (7.14 × 10−4) bits per pulse is observed. The results significantly reduces the system complexity and paves the way for the practical applications of QSS and CKA with efficient utilization of resources and telecom technologies.
Mechanistic investigation into the binding property of Yohimbe towards natural polymeric DNAs
Authors: Luikham Soching , Yanthan Senchumbeni , Bhattacharyya Jhimli 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDNA interactions with multivalent ligand(s) have increasingly become the subject of substantial research. For several small molecules with therapeutic potential, nucleic acids serve as their primary molecular target. Such interaction has been shown to affect transcription or replication, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death. As a result, researchers are becoming increasingly interested in understanding how small molecules interact with DNA making it possible to develop new, DNA-specific drugs. The bioactive indole alkaloid, Yohimbe (Yohimbine; Yh) has been broadly studied in pharmacological properties while its binding mode to DNA has not been explicated so far. This study adopted molecular modelling and multi-spectroscopic methods to investigate the interaction between Yohimbine and herring testes (HT DNA) in physiological conditions. Minor hypochromic and bathochromic shifts of fluorescence intensity were observed, suggesting the binding of Yh to HT DNA. The Scatchard plot analyses using the McGhee-von Hipple method revealed non-cooperative binding and affinities in the range of 105 M−1. The thermodynamic parameters suggested exothermic binding, which was favoured by negative enthalpy and positive entropy changes from temperature-dependent fluorescence experiments. Salt-dependent fluorescence suggested that the interaction between the ligand and DNA was governed by non-polyelectrolytic forces. The results of iodide quenching, urea denaturation assay, dye displacement, and in silico molecular docking, suggested groove binding of Yh to HT DNA. Thus, the groove binding mechanism of interaction was validated by both biophysical and computational techniques. The structural elucidation and energetic profiling of Yh's interaction with naturally occurring polymeric DNA can be useful to the development of DNA-targeted therapeutics.