bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elucidating Charge Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite‐Based Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Irshad Zobia , Lee Wonjong , Adnan Muhammad , Choi Yelim , Park Taiho , Lim Jongchul 
Published: June 2023

AbstractRecently, multijunction tandem solar cells (TSCs) have presented high power conversion efficiency and revealed their immense potential in photovoltaic evolution. It is demonstrated that multiple light absorbers with various bandgap energies overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction solar cells by absorbing the wide‐range wavelength photons. Here, the main key challenges are reviewed, especially the charge carrier dynamics in perovskite‐based 2‐terminal (2‐T) TSCs in terms of current matching, and how to manage these issues from a vantage point of characterization. To do this, the effect of recombination layers, optical and fabrication hurdles, and the impact of wide bandgap perovskite solar cells are discussed extensively. Afterward, this review focuses on various optoelectronics, spectroscopic, and theoretical (optical simulation) characterizations to figure out those issues, especially current‐matching issues faced by the photovoltaic society. This review comprehensively provides deep insights into the relationship between the current‐matching problems and the photovoltaic performance of TSCs through a variety of perspectives. Consequently, it is believed that this review is essential to address the main problems of 2‐T TSCs, and the suggestions to elucidate the charge carrier dynamics and its characterization may pave the way to overcome such obstacles to further improve the development of 2‐T TSCs in relation to the current‐matching problems.
A possibly deep branching artiopodan arthropod from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte (North Greenland)
Authors: Berks Harry O. , Lunde Nielsen Morten , Flannery‐Sutherland Joseph , Thorshøj Nielsen Arne , Park Tae‐Yoon S. , Vinther Jakob 
Published: June 2023

AbstractArtiopoda was a diverse group of Palaeozoic euarthropods that proliferated in the early Palaeozoic, epitomized by the ubiquitous trilobites. Their possible phylogenetic position outside mandibulates and chelicerates offers the potential for understanding the evolution of euarthropods in more detail. However, this opportunity remains unexploited given that identification of deep‐splitting artiopodans remains to be fully explored. Here, we describe a new non‐trilobite artiopodan from the lower Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland. Thulaspis tholops gen. et sp. nov. is a large species with a broad, domed head shield, followed by a trunk consisting of 15 thoracic tergites and a small pygidium, giving the body an ovoid appearance when viewed dorsally. Thulaspis is distinctive with its rounded genae and anterior thoracic pleural tips, as well as short pleural spines posteriorly. A heart‐shaped hypostome with an anterior lobe is present. Appendages, partly obscured by the tergal skeleton, have many moderate length gnathobasic spines, and large flap‐like exopods with a fringe of small setae. Cladistic analyses recover Thulaspis as the sister taxon to Squamacula, a genus found in the Chengjiang and Emu Bay Shale biotas, in either a polytomy with a number of artiopodan taxa or as a sister group to all other artiopodans, indicating an important role in understanding the roots of artiopodan anatomy and evolution.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the in situ mode of life of the Cambrian coral Cambroctoconus: asexual reproduction and colony growth in immediate response to cryptic habitats
Authors: Ezaki Yoichi , Kishida Mei , Takeda Yusuke , Adachi Natsuko , Liu Jianbo , Iba Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Cambrian cnidarian Cambroctoconus orientalis occurs in clusters exhibiting pendent growth in crypts within thrombolite frameworks. Here we successfully reconstruct its three‐dimensional (3D) in situ mode of life. The 3D reconstruction shows the initial individuals of colonies and attachment structures, budding sites and growth modes of coralla in response to the extent of sheltered spaces. The earliest individuals were attached to the framework by a suction‐cup‐like structure and were basically orthogonal to the walls, growing downward. Their calicular bases were pierced by a hole. Individuals were initially cylindrical and gradually formed an octagonal column during growth. Budding occurred everywhere, and toroidal budding traces are abundant upon the corallite surfaces. The attachment structures were secondarily reinforced by continuous secretion from the coenenchymal tissue. Offsets continued to grow only when sufficient growth space was available, while producing as many individuals as possible. Growth of individuals was commonly halted by the surrounding framework. Growth directions were in part modified by corallite curvature to avoid collisions between corallites and to make full use of the intricate void spaces. In deteriorating conditions, offset corallites appeared through regeneration rather than budding from the remaining soft tissues. Active exploitation of the sheltered spaces within thrombolites, which remained dominant during the Cambrian, was thus conducted by C. orientalis. Notably, the cryptobionts treated herein adopted subtle growth strategies that have not previously been fully understood and are not easily interpreted with reference to organisms living in open spaces.
Assessment of mechanical properties of fiber reinforced cementitious system exposed to high temperature
Authors: Biricik Öznur , Bayqra Sultan Husein , Kaya Yahya , Mardani Ali 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this study, it was aimed to determine the optimum fiber type and usage ratio by examining the effect of fiber type and usage rate on the properties of mortar mixtures exposed to high temperatures such as 300°C, 450°C, and 600°C. For this purpose, mixtures were prepared by substituting polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA) and basalt (B) fibers in proportions as 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% instead of aggregate. Unit weight, compressive‐flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and permeability properties of mixtures were determined. Regardless of fiber type, flexural strength and permeability increased, UPV decreased with the addition of fiber. Basalt fiber mixtures exhibited the highest performance in terms of flexural strength. PP fiber mixtures exhibited the best performance in terms of permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity. SEM analyzes showed that PP fibers exposed to 600°C melted, leading to the formation of channel voids. According to TGA result, approximately 15% mass loss was observed in the control sample at 600°C.
Ingestion and egestion of microplastic by aquatic insects in Egypt wastewater
Authors: Khedre Azza M. , Ramadan Somaia A. , Ashry Ali , Alaraby Mohamed 
Published: June 2023

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) are frequently regarded as environmental and biota contaminants. Yet, research on the accumulation of MPs in living entities, particularly aquatic insects that serve as food resources in the aquatic food chain, is limited. This study to investigate the accumulation of MPs in aquatic insects from water and sediment in an Egyptian wastewater basin. Four typical freshwater insect groups were used. The highest MP load per gram wet weight was reported by collector‐gatherers (Chironomus sp. and Hydrophilus sp.), followed by collector‐filterers (Culex sp.) with the second highest MP load. However, Predators (Aeshna sp.) had the lowest values. Also, the present results showed a reduction in the number of MPs in all insect taxa tested after a 24 h depuration time, with differences in the observed egestion ability. The mean number of MPs per individual significantly reduced after 24 h in both Chironomus sp. and Culex sp. larvae, where 53% and 40% of MPs particles were ejected from them, respectively. However, the ability of MP egestion decreases in Aeshna sp. nymph (25%), and the lowest proportion of ejection was observed in Hydrophilus sp. adults (9%). Polyethylene terephthalate fibers were the most abundant type of MP in both sediment and water, followed by fragments (polyethylene and polypropylene). Yet, only polyester fibers were detected in the various insect species. The average length of fibers in the various insects was somewhat shorter than in the surrounding environment. The current study reveals that MP ingestion by aquatic insects is not always related to levels of pollution in the environment, since other factors such as feeding strategies may play a role in MP ingestion. Based on these observations, further studies should be carried out on studies on toxicological impacts of MPs on freshwater/aquatic biota.
Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Detection of 2,4,6‐Trinitrophenol Based on Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Penglei , Zhang Xin , Chen Faqiang , Xu Hui , Xu Shiqing 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe highly sensitive detection of carcinogenic pollutant 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (PA) is of great significance for environmental protection and human health. Based on the organic building block 1,3,6,8‐tetrakis (p‐benzoic acid) pyrene (H4TBAPy), the porous nano‐scale hydrogen‐bonded organic framework material (PFC‐1) was successfully synthesized. The large π‐π conjugated structure makes it to show excellent fluorescence characteristics. PFC‐1 showed excellent selective fluorescence detection for PA. PFC‐1 exhibited significant quenching effect upon the addition of PA. The quenching efficiency Ksv of PFC‐1 material for PA is 9.14×104 M−1 and the limit of detection (LOD) reaches 0.75 μM. PFC‐1 exhibits excellent fluorescence sensing performance for PA, which greatly expands the potential application of hydrogen‐bonded organic framework materials in the field of fluorescence sensing.
States of low energy in the Schwinger effect
Authors: Álvarez-Domínguez Álvaro , Garay Luis J. , Martín-Benito Mercedes , Neves Rita B. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractStates of low energy in cosmology minimise the energy density when smeared in a chosen time interval. We extend such construction to generic homogeneous (possibly anisotropic) particle creation settings. Focusing on the Schwinger effect, we study the role played by the support of the smearing function and identify the vacua obtained in the limiting cases of small and large time intervals. We also analyse the spectral properties of the power spectrum and the number of created particles, which are complementary in characterising the vacuum, and investigate the multipolar contributions coming from the anisotropies.
Alleviating the Injuries of NaCl Exposure on Respiratory Activities, Leaf Stomatal and Antioxidant Defense of Silybum marianum L. Seedlings by Exogenous Nitric Oxide
Authors: Zangani Esmaeil , Ansari Aida , Shekari Farid , Andalibi Babak , Afsahi Kamran , Mastinu Andrea 
Published: June 2023

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an endogenous signaling molecule that plays an important role in the defence responses of medicinal plants to NaCl stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) as an NO donor at three concentrations (0, 100, and 200 µmol l−1) to alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress (100 mM NaCl) on leaf gas exchange and biochemical characteristics of Silybum marianum L. seedlings. This study showed that salt stress significantly decreased relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll b content, endogenous NO concentration, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), leaf gas exchange, stomatal size, K+/Na+ ratio, and plant dry weight, and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, proline content, stomatal density, and enzyme activities. SNP treatment increased Fv/Fm, photosynthetic pigments, K+/Na+ ratio, and dry weights of the shoots and roots of NaCl-exposed plants. The exogenous application of NO increased the proline content under salinity stress more than under stress conditions without SNP application, so that the proline content increased from 32 to 47 µmol g−1. Application of 100 µM SNP also increased endogenous NO concentration (up to 43%) and consequently protected plants against salt stress-induced damage by improving enzyme activity and reducing the H2O2 generation rate (up to 14%) and MDA content (up to 50%) compared to plants treated with NaCl alone. Foliar application of NO to salt-stressed plants increased root and shoot respiration rates from 20 and 12%, respectively, under salinity stress to 57% under the application of SNP and stress conditions, and decreased stomatal conductance by up to 70%, resulting in improved RWC. Increased internal NO generation in plants induced by 100 µM SNP application has the potential to mitigate salinity injury in Silybum marianum L. plants.
Epidemiologische Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf Enukleationsfälle in Deutschland
Authors: Carlos Reyna Erick , Rehak Matus , Alfaar Ahmad Samir 
Published: June 2023

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Bestimmung der Enukleationsrate sowie der Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Pandemie auf diese in Deutschland.

Methodik
Für die Bestimmung der Enukleationsraten der Jahre 2019 und 2020 in Deutschland erfolgten der Export der Prozedurenschlüssel 5‑163.0 bis 5‑163.23 und 5‑163.x aus dem Diagnosis Related Group(DRG)-Register und die statistische Auswertung dieser Daten.

Ergebnisse
Die Zahl der Enukleationen verringerte sich 2020 um 16,6 % im Vergleich zu 2019 von 1295 auf 1080 Fälle (p = 0,17); 54,1 % der Patienten waren männlich. Im Jahr 2019 waren 53 % der Patienten zum Zeitpunkt der Enukleation älter als 65 Jahre, im Jahr 2020 56 % der Fälle. Die häufigste Indikation zur Enukleation war in beiden Jahren Phthisis bulbi (n = 373 bzw. n = 307) mit 29,7 % der Fälle, gefolgt von Malignomen der Aderhaut (24 %). Die Enukleation mit gleichzeitigem Einbringen eines alloplastischen Augenhöhlenimplantats in die Tenonkapsel stellte das häufigste Verfahren dar (38,7 % kombinierter 2‑Jahres-Durchschnitt), gefolgt von einer umhüllten Variante (26,6 %) und einem bulbären Implantat aus nichtresorbierbaren mikroporösen Materialien (16,8 %), ohne signifikante Veränderung zwischen den Jahren. Enukleationen ohne Einbringen eines Implantats stiegen von 7,8 % im Jahr 2019 auf 11,1 % im Jahr 2020 (p = 0,006). Der Anteil der Patienten, die sich einer Reoperation unterziehen mussten, stieg leicht von 5,6 auf 8 % (p = 0,018). Die meisten Eingriffe (65,6 %) wurden in großen öffentlichen Krankenhäusern (≥ 1000 Betten) durchgeführt.

Schlussfolgerungen
Trotz des Rückgangs der Gesamtzahl der durchgeführten Eingriffe wurde die Enukleationsrate in Deutschland durch die COVID-19-Pandemie nicht signifikant verändert. Die Enukleationsrate ohne Implantate und Reoperationen nahm signifikant zu.
The inverse barycentric displacement problem
Authors: Maggiordomo Andrea , Uralsky Yury , Moreton Henry , Tarini Marco 
Published: June 2023

AbstractIn this short paper, we analyze the problem of finding the triangular barycentric coordinates of an interpolated ray hitting a given point. This task, which we term theinverse barycentric displacement problem, is general and useful in geometry processing and computer graphics. Concrete applications of the solution include the construction of displacement maps and texture baking. We derive the set of complete, closed-form solutions and discuss the number and existence of solutions. We close with a discussion of implementation-oriented optimizations and a few example applications.
Rehabilitative interventions in patients with persistent post COVID-19 symptoms—a review of recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Gloeckl Rainer , Leitl Daniela , Schneeberger Tessa , Jarosch Inga , Koczulla Andreas Rembert 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has not only caused millions of deaths but left also millions of people with persistent symptoms behind. These long-term COVID-19 sequelae cause a considerable burden on individuals´ health, healthcare systems, and economies worldwide given the high rate of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, rehabilitative interventions and strategies are needed to counteract the post COVID-19 sequelae. The importance of rehabilitation for patients with persistent COVID-19 symptoms has been recently also highlighted in a Call for Action by the World Health Organisation. Based on previously published research, but also in line with clinical experience, COVID-19 is not one specific disease but rather presents in different phenotypes that vary in their pathophysiological mechanisms, symptomatic manifestations, and potential interventional approaches. This review provides a proposal for differentiating post COVID-19 patients in non-organ-specific phenotypes that may help clinicians to evaluate patients and to plan therapeutic options. Furthermore, we present current unmet needs and suggest a potential pathway for a specific rehabilitation approach in people with persistent post-COVID symptoms.
Implementation of hydrometeorological thresholds for regional landslide warning in Catalonia (NE Spain)
Authors: Palau Rosa M. , Berenguer Marc , Hürlimann Marcel , Sempere-Torres Daniel 
Published: June 2023

AbstractSoil moisture plays a vital role in slope stability. As water infiltrates into the soil, shear strength decreases eventually leading to failure. However, most of the existing regional-scale landslide early warning systems (LEWS) rely solely on rainfall information and use rainfall thresholds to determine if the landslide triggering conditions are met. The original version of the Catalonia region LEWS combines real-time rainfall observations and susceptibility to compute warnings. The LEWS applies a set of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds to determine if the rainfall conditions have the potential to trigger a landslide. This work explores the potential of using modelled soil moisture data in the Catalonia region LEWS. Volumetric water content (VWC) from the LISFLOOD hydrological simulations of the European Flood Awareness System and rainfall estimates have been analysed at the location of recent landslide events. Based on this data, a set of empirical hydrometeorological thresholds combining rainfall and soil moisture information has been obtained for their application into the Catalonia region LEWS. The LEWS has been run for nine months (April–December 2020) using two approaches: (i) combining susceptibility and rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds and (ii) combining susceptibility and the new hydrometeorological thresholds including soil moisture information. Generally, both LEWS approaches issued moderate or high warnings in the areas where significant rainfall accumulations were recorded. The outputs have been compared at specific locations where landslides were reported during the analysed period. Results show that at the analysed locations false positives are generally reduced when employing the hydrometeorological thresholds in the LEWS. Therefore, this approach is promising and could help improve regional scale LEWS in Catalonia.
A “cool-water”, non-tropical, mixed volcaniclastic–carbonate ramp from the Early Cretaceous of southern Chile (45°40’S)
Authors: Rivas Hermann , Salazar Christian , Stinnesbeck Wolfgang 
Published: June 2023

AbstractThe Aysén-Río Mayo Basin was a back-arc/marginal basin developed in southwestern South America (43°–47°S) between the Tithonian–Aptian. Its sedimentary fill corresponds to the Coyhaique Group, which represents a transgressive–regressive succession. Six lithofacies and five microfacies were defined for three outcrops exposed south of Coyhaique (45°40’S). The outcrops have a mixed calcareous–volcaniclastic composition and were assigned to the early transgressive Toqui Formation, i.e., lowermost part of the Coyhaique Group. These mixed rocks comprise bioclastic–volcaniclastic conglomerate, gravelly allochemic sandstone, and gravelly–sandy allochem limestone. Bedding is sharp to amalgamated, sometimes rippled, depicting a wave- and storm-influenced, mixed inner- to mid-ramp. The ramp developed over a Valanginian, active volcanic terrain (Foitzick Volcanic Complex), source of the volcaniclastic sediments. Limestones are rich in reworked bioclasts, and controlled by calcitic organisms including gryphaeid oysters, non-geniculate red algae, and echinoid fragments, defining a heterozoan association (“maerl”-like sediments); less frequent are ahermatypic corals, serpulids, and carbonized wood. Based on their inferred paleolatitude (south of 45°–50°S), fossil assemblage (heterozoan), and kind of carbonate platform (ramp-type), these calcareous rocks of the Toqui Formation depict a “cool-water” (sensu lato), non-tropical setting. The fossil assemblage includes oysters (Aetostreonspp.), and abundant calcareous red algae attributed toArchamphiroa jurassicaSteinmann (1930), a taxon previously known from the upper Tithonian Cotidiano Formation of Argentina.A. jurassicais here reported for the first time for the Lower Cretaceous of Chile, suggesting a broader upper Tithonian—Valanginian-Hauterivian? range for the species. The facies model presented here contrasts with the depositional environments depicted for correlative reefal rocks in Argentina (Tres Lagunas Formation), which reflect a “warm-water” setting. In the Aysén-Río Mayo Basin, the influence of sea-water key physical variables in the carbonate sedimentation, as well as the position and hydraulic regime of the carbonate platforms within the basin, and their interaction with the volcanism are still unclear.
Development of Specialized Microelectrode Arrays with Local Electroporation Functionality
Authors: Kauth Andrea , Mildner Anne-Kathrin , Hegel Lena , Wegener Joachim , Ingebrandt Sven 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWhen a cell or tissue is exposed to a pulsed electric field (100–1000 V/cm), the cellular membrane permeabilizes for biomolecules that cannot pass an intact cellular membrane. During this electropermeabilization (EP), plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid sequences encoding therapeutic or regulatory genes can enter the cell, which is called gene electrotransfer (GET). GET using micro-/nano technology provides higher spatial resolution and operates with lower voltage amplitudes compared to conventional bulk EP. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs), which are usually used for the recording and stimulation of neuronal signals, can be utilized for GET as well. In this study, we developed a specialized MEA for local EP of adherent cells. Our manufacturing process provides a most flexible electrode and substrate material selection. We used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to characterize the impedance of the MEAs and the impact of an adherent cellular layer. We verified the local EP functionality of the MEAs by loading a fluorophore dye into human embryonic kidney 293T cells. Finally, we demonstrated a GET with a subsequent green fluorescent protein expression by the cells. Our experiments prove that a high spatial resolution of GET can be obtained using MEAs.