bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the social and economic implications on water security in the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality, Eastern Cape of South Africa
Authors: Adom Richard Kwame , Simatele Mulala Danny , Reid Memory 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Access to water is a universal human right for every individual and a key instrument in meeting the United Nations’ sustainable development goal SDG 6, namely, to ensure safe drinking water and sanitation for all by 2030. Water is also intrinsically linked to any society or country's social, economic and political development. Nevertheless, many communities and households, predominantly rural and underprivileged in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, continue to experience persistent water shortages. This means entrenched poverty, ill health, hunger, stress, and social and economic challenges for the population. Using data collection tools inspired by traditional methods of qualitative and quantitative approaches, this paper scrutinised the social and economic factors contributing to severe inequality in water access in the municipality. Our findings established that water shortage is portrayed as a stand-alone issue without linking it to social and economic challenges. Furthermore, both government and municipalities fail to contextualise a multidimensional problem-solving approach to the water provision challenges in the municipality. This paper, therefore, recommends a multidimensional approach to tackling the problem of accessibility, taking into consideration the social and economic needs of the population.
A Web-Based Sexual Health Intervention to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections in Hong Kong: Model-Based Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wong Carlos K H , Xin Yiqiao , Fong Daniel Y T , Wong Janet Y H 
Published: June 2023

Background
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a significant public health concern, particularly among young adults, and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections are the most common STIs in young women. One of the most effective ways to prevent STIs is the consistent use of condoms during sexual intercourse. There has been no economic evaluation of the interactive web-based sexual health program, Smart Girlfriend, within the Chinese population.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of Smart Girlfriend in preventing STIs in the Chinese population. The evaluation compared the program with a control intervention that used a 1-page information sheet on condom use.

Methods
A decision-analytic model that included a decision tree followed by a Markov structure of CT infections was developed since CT is the most prevalent STI among young women. The model represents the long-term experience of individuals who received either the intervention or the control. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted. The main outcomes were the number of CT infections and the incremental cost as per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).

Results
A cohort of 10,000 sexually active nonpregnant young women initially entered the model in a noninfectious state (ie, “well”). In the base-case analysis, the implementation of the Smart Girlfriend program resulted in the prevention of 0.45% of CT infections, 0.3% of pelvic inflammatory disease, and 0.04% of chronic pelvic pain, leading to a gain of 70 discounted QALYs and cost savings over a 4-year time horizon, compared to the control group. With more than 4548 users, the intervention would be cost-effective, and with more than 8315 users, the intervention would be cost saving. A 99% probability of being cost-effective was detected with a willingness to pay US $17,409 per QALY.

Conclusions
Smart Girlfriend is a cost-effective and possibly cost-saving program over a 4-year time horizon. This result was particularly sensitive to the number of website users; launching the website would be cost-effective if more than 4548 people used it. Further work is warranted to explore if the findings could be expanded to apply to women who have sex with women and in the context of other STIs.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03695679; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03695679
Data Quality– and Utility-Compliant Anonymization of Common Data Model–Harmonized Electronic Health Record Data: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Kamdje Wabo Gaetan , Prasser Fabian , Gierend Kerstin , Siegel Fabian , Ganslandt Thomas 
Published: June 2023

Background
The anonymization of Common Data Model (CDM)–converted EHR data is essential to ensure the data privacy in the use of harmonized health care data. However, applying data anonymization techniques can significantly affect many properties of the resulting data sets and thus biases research results. Few studies have reviewed these applications with a reflection of approaches to manage data utility and quality concerns in the context of CDM-formatted health care data.

Objective
Our intended scoping review aims to identify and describe (1) how formal anonymization methods are carried out with CDM-converted health care data, (2) how data quality and utility concerns are considered, and (3) how the various CDMs differ in terms of their suitability for recording anonymized data.

Methods
The planned scoping review is based on the framework of Arksey and O'Malley. By using this, only articles published in English will be included. The retrieval of literature items should be based on a literature search string combining keywords related to data anonymization, CDM standards, and data quality assessment. The proposed literature search query should be validated by a librarian, accompanied by manual searches to include further informal sources. Eligible articles will first undergo a deduplication step, followed by the screening of titles. Second, a full-text reading will allow the 2 reviewers involved to reach the final decision about article selection, while a domain expert will support the resolution of citation selection conflicts. Additionally, key information will be extracted, categorized, summarized, and analyzed by using a proposed template into an iterative process. Tabular and graphical analyses should be addressed in alignment with the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist. We also performed some tentative searches on Web of Science for estimating the feasibility of reaching eligible articles.

Results
Tentative searches on Web of Science resulted in 507 nonduplicated matches, suggesting the availability of (potential) relevant articles. Further analysis and selection steps will allow us to derive a final literature set. Furthermore, the completion of this scoping review study is expected by the end of the fourth quarter of 2023.

Conclusions
Outlining the approaches of applying formal anonymization methods on CDM-formatted health care data while taking into account data quality and utility concerns should provide useful insights to understand the existing approaches and future research direction based on identified gaps. This protocol describes a schedule to perform a scoping review, which should support the conduction of follow-up investigations.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/46471
Apuntes sobre los orígenes de la política en Hannah Arendt
Authors: Quintero Martín Sergio 
Published: June 2023

El interés de Hannah Arendt en el fenómeno de la política recorre de manera transversal tanto su pensamiento como su obra. En una entrada de su Diario filosófico 1950-1973 (2018), Arendt reflexiona sobre el hecho de que la filosofía política tiene su origen, para la tradición filosófica occidental, entre el ocaso de la pólis y la respuesta que Platón ofreció ante la corrupción de la política. En cambio, si queremos hablar del origen de la política misma debemos retroceder, conforme a la genealogía arendtiana, a un tiempo más ligado a la narración mitológica que a la narración histórica: la guerra de Troya. La relación que Arendt guarda con el pensamiento helénico es esencial para comprender el núcleo programático de su pensamiento y su obra, sobre todo en la manera en que combina esas ideas con otras tradiciones como el aristotelismo, el republicanismo y con sus herencias germana y hebrea. Por esa razón, presentamos, de la mano de Roberto Esposito, un recorrido por las ideas que conforman el origen de la política para la fenomenología arendtiana, conformando un triángulo entre Troya, Atenas y Roma. Además, mostraremos los límites que presenta esta interpretación al entrar en diálogo con otra autora fundamental para entender la filosofía política en el siglo XX, Simone Weil. Sin conocerse, ambas autoras parecen complementarse mutuamente. El objetivo es visibilizar la importancia que tiene el mundo romano en el pensamiento arendtiano.
Balinese Arak as Substitute of Imported Spirits and Liqueurs in The Process of Making Dadar Gulung Flambe
Authors: Massenga Lidjah Magdalena , Arcana I Nyoman , Wiratnaya I Nyoman 
Published: June 2023

Flambe is a cooking procedure in which alcohol is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. Flambéing is often associated with the tableside presentation of certain liqueur-drenched dishes set aflame, such as Bananas Foster or Cherries Jubilee when the alcohol is ignited and results in a flare of blue-tinged flame. Various innovations in the processing of flambe dishes have developed in the hospitality industry. “Dadar Gulung” traditional cake is an elongated round wet cake snack served with grated coconut mixed with liquid Javanese sugar called “unti”. Arak is a traditional alcoholoc drink distilled from “tuak” (palm nectar), namely coconut sap water, lontar or enau sap water and rice water which contains between 35% to 50% alcohol. Making Dadar Gulung Flambe by using Arak Bali drink as a substitute for imported spirits and liqueurs such as French Brandy or Jamaican Rum is one alternative to reduce the cost of food so that the selling price of this dish can be more affordable and will increase the use of local Balinese products as products sold in hotels and restaurants. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of liking for Dadar Gulung Flambe dishes that use Balinese Arak as a substitute for imported spirits and liqueurs. Through the Hedonic Test by distributing hedonic test questionnaires to 15 panelists using four assessment indicators, such as Taste, Aroma, Color and Texture. The results of this study showed that the average level of preference of panelists for Dadar Gulung Flambe who used Balinese Arak drink as a substitute for imported spirits and liqueurs was 4.3 in the Very Like category.
Attracting Female Directors in the United States: The Roles of Boards, Executives, and Other Stakeholders
Authors: Cunningham Lauren M. , Ereddia Laurie E. 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Previous research related to board gender diversity typically focuses on international settings outside of the U.S. In this study, we examine the influence of boards, executives, and other stakeholders in appointing a female director candidate to a U.S. board, which is a voluntary regime dominated by male candidates. Following institutional theory, social identity theory, and resource dependence theory, we find that boards, executives, and institutional investors play persistent roles across various time periods, company sizes, and levels of CEO power. Workforce and customer stakeholders have become significant influencers only in more recent years and in smaller firms. Understanding factors that allow firms to successfully attract female board members in a voluntary regime should be of interest to board members and regulators worldwide. Our findings should also be of interest to accounting academics examining the role of board gender diversity in the oversight of audit, financial reporting, and tax policies.
Data Availability: All data are publicly available from the cited sources.
JEL Classifications: G34; M48.
Supplier-Base Concentration and Cost Structure
Authors: Chen Clara Xiaoling , Di Lulu , Jiang Wei , Li Wei 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
In the past three years, companies across the globe have witnessed significant supply chain disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlights the importance of managing supply risk. Supply risk has increased in the last three decades due to an increasing prevalence of concentrated supplier bases. We predict that firms with high supplier-base concentration will choose a more elastic cost structure in response to the increased supply risk. Using a unique dataset of 4,530 firm-year observations hand-collected from supplier information disclosed by Chinese-listed firms, we document a positive association between supplier-base concentration and cost elasticity. Furthermore, results from five cross-sectional tests are consistent with supply risk driving the association between supplier-base concentration and cost elasticity. Our study provides important practical implications to managers. To the extent that supplier-base concentration poses a supply risk, our study suggests that managers can respond by making the cost structure more flexible.
Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
JEL Classifications: L23; M41.
The Interactive Effect of Cognitive Frame and Performance Measurement System Scope on Managers’ Choice of Sustainable Suppliers
Authors: Pencle Nadra 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACT
Managerial response to stakeholders’ demands for profitability and sustainability can have long-lasting effects on organizations, stakeholders, and society. In an era dominated by business-case thinking, managers’ cognitive processes are particularly important. Yet alternatives to business-case thinking are underexamined. Operationally, to help direct attention toward sustainable goals, organizations implement performance measurement systems (PMS) with varying scope differences in the composition of financial and nonfinancial measures. To date prior research is inconclusive regarding the effectiveness of such actions. This study responds by mobilizing paradoxical thinking, an alternative form of cognition posited to better support complex managerial decisions. Experimentally, I investigate how cognitive frames moderate the effect of a broad versus narrow PMS in sustainable decision making. The results reveal managers who approach sustainable decisions with a paradoxical cognitive frame and are evaluated using broad PMS select more sustainable suppliers. These findings are important given the social and environmental implications of sustainability judgments.
The Effect of Negative Expectancy Violations and Relational Familiarity on Client Managers’ Negotiation Positions
Authors: Dodgson Mary Kate , Agoglia Christopher P. , Bennett G. Bradley 
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTDuring the interactive process of issue resolution, client managers may develop expectations about the auditor’s position. We examine the effect that negative expectancy violations have on managers’ pre-negotiation positions and how relational familiarity can moderate this effect. Through a series of experiments, we find that, when the partner’s proposed adjustment is within the client’s original expectations, managers offer greater concessions to a more familiar partner than to a less familiar partner. However, depending on relational familiarity, client managers react to expectancy violations very differently. Managers react more severely when a more familiar partner violates expectations, offering lower negotiation concessions than when no violation occurs. In contrast, managers tend to ignore violations committed by a less familiar partner, offering similar negotiation concessions whether or not a violation has occurred. Furthermore, we find support for a practical intervention to repair damage from expectancy violations committed by more familiar partners.
Influence of gestational diabetes on diabetes risk and glycemic control in a retrospective population-based cohort
Authors: J. McCarthy Katharine , H. Liu Shelley , Huynh Mary , Kennedy Joseph , Tai Chan Hiu , L. Mayer Victoria , Vieira Luciana , Tabaei Bahman , Howell Frances , Lee Alison , Van Wye Gretchen , A. Howell Elizabeth , Janevic Teresa 
Published: June 2023

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Racial/ethnic specific estimates of the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus on type 2 diabetes remain underexplored in large population-based cohorts. We estimated racial/ethnic differences in the influence of gestational diabetes on diabetes risk and glycemic control in a multiethnic population-based cohort of postpartum women.</p>
<p><strong>Methods.</strong> Hospital discharge and vital registry data for New York City (NYC) births between 2009 and 2011 were linked with NYC A1C Registry data between 2009-2017. Those with baseline diabetes (n=2,810) were excluded for a final cohort of 336,276 births. Gestational diabetes on time to diabetes onset (two A1c tests of <em>≥ </em>6.5% from 12 weeks postpartum onward) or glucose control (first test of A1c<7.0% following diagnosis) was assessed using Cox regression with a time varying exposure. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors and stratified by race/ethnicity. </p>
<p><strong>Results. </strong>The cumulative incidence for diabetes was 11.8% and 0.6% among those with and without gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes status on diabetes risk was aHR 11.5 (95% CI:10.8, 12.3), overall, with slight differences by race/ethnicity. Gestational diabetes was associated with lower likelihood of glycemic control (aHR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79 0.92), with the largest negative influence among Black (aHR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.88) and Hispanic (aHR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.95) individuals. Adjustment for screening bias and loss to follow-up modestly attenuated-racial/ethnic differences in diabetes risk but had little influence on glycemic control.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Understanding racial/ethnic differences in the influence of gestational diabetes on diabetes progression is critical to disrupt lifecourse cardiometabolic disparities.</p>
Effect of Early Glycemic Control in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes on Longer-Term Glycemic Control and β-Cell Function: Results from the TODAY Study
Authors: J Nadeau Kristen , El ghormli Laure , Arslanian Silva , Bacha Fida , Caprio Sonia , Chan Christine , C Chao Lily , Isganaitis Elvira , Rayas Maria , K Siska Maggie , Zeitler Philip , TODAY Study Group the 
Published: June 2023

<p> </p>
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Little is known about the impact of early attainment of tight glycemic control on long-term β-cell function and glycemic control in youth-onset type 2 diabetes. We examined the effect of the initial 6 months of glycemic control on β-cell function and glycemic control longitudinally over 9 years, and the impact of sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI on these relationships in adolescents with youth-onset type 2 diabetes in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.</p>
<p><strong>Research Design and Methods</strong>: Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed longitudinally through year 9 to derive estimates of insulin sensitivity and secretion. Early glycemia was defined as mean HbA1c during the first 6 months post-randomization, categorized into 5 HbA1c groups (<5.7%, 5.7-<6.4%, 6.4-<7.0%, 7.0-<8.0%, and ≥8.0%). The long-term period was defined as the period between years 2-9. </p>
<p><strong>Results:</strong> 656 participants (64.8% female, baseline mean age 14 years, diabetes duration <2 years) had longitudinal data available over an average of 6.4±3.2 years of follow-up. HbA1c significantly increased in all early glycemic groups during years 2-9, with a steeper increase (+0.40%/year) among participants with the tightest initial control (mean early HbA1c<5.7%), in parallel to a decline in the C-peptide derived disposition index. Nevertheless, the lower HbA1c categories continued to have relatively lower HbA1c over time. </p>
<p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early tight glycemic control in TODAY was related to β-cell reserve, and translated to better long-term glycemic control. However, tight early glycemic control on the randomized treatment in TODAY did not prevent deterioration of β-cell function. </p>
The Physical Compatibility of Glycopyrrolate and Rocuronium
Authors: Weeks Austen L. , Sotos John , Woolsey Bryce , Johnston William M. , Cornelius Bryant W. 
Published: June 2023

Objective:
Scientific evidence has rarely, if at all, been reported in the literature demonstrating analytical confirmation of the physical compatibility and stability of glycopyrrolate and rocuronium combined. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if glycopyrrolate and rocuronium are physically compatible.

Methods:
Glycopyrrolate and rocuronium were combined in various containers, observed over a 60-minute period, and compared against positive and negative controls. Measured metrics included color change, precipitate formation, Tyndall beam test, turbidity, and pH. Statistical analyses were used to assess significance of data trends.

Results:
The combination of glycopyrrolate and rocuronium did not result in any color change, precipitate formation, a positive Tyndall beam test, or a significantly positive turbidity and did not result in any significant change in pH, regardless of container.

Conclusion:
Per the protocol used in this study, glycopyrrolate and rocuronium were determined to be physically compatible.
Problems Of Sustainable Management Of Water Resources Of Lake Sevan And Its Basin
Authors: Vardanyan Trahel G. 
Published: June 2023

Numerous rivers, lakes and other water features have suffered significant alterations as a result of human economic activity. As a result, hydrometric, hydrological, biological, ecological conditions, as well as morphometric elements of these objects were violated. In this regard, Lake Sevan and its basin might be used as a well-known example. There has never been any instance in the history of limnology where a lake’s level was artificially lowered by 18 meters over 3 to 4 decades (1930–1970), and by another 2 meters at the end of the 20th century (1990–2000). Additionally, the lake’s water volume dropped from 58 billion m3 to 32 billion m3. The Sevan problem first surfaced in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is still a problem today. However, it has many meanings/soundings at different times. Based on this, we usually divided the entire study period into several stages. It should be noted that the ecosystem has suffered irreparable losses as a result of the use of the Lake Sevan resources, inadequate water resource management, and both positive and negative effects of these factors. We disagree with the assertions of many experts that problems can only be prevented or solved by raising the lake level. Therefore, extensive actions must be taken in the Sevan basin management area, regardless of the lake’s level.
ANALISIS NILAI EFISIENSI RADIASI BENDA HITAM DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE SIMPSON 1/3 MENGGUNAKAN PEMROGRAMAN PYTHON
Authors: Nasution Habibi Azka , . Mesyadi , Kencana Mudatsir , Indriani Shiti , Amanda Ella , Hutahuruk Siti Aulia , Sari Ratih Irma , Siregar Alfia Delmi , Nasution Budiman 
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai energi efisiensi dari radiasi benda hitam. Perhitungan yang dilakukan secara eksak dibandingkan dengan perhitungan secara komputasi menggunakan metode Simpson 1/3 dengan bantuan bahasa pemrograman Python 3. Perhitungan energi efisiensi dari radiasi benda hitam dilakukan merujuk kepada persamaan Max Planck. Metode Simpson 1/3 berhasil mengimbangi untuk hasil analitik. Hal ini mengacu terhadap nilai presentasi error terkecil antara metode eksak dengan metode Simpson yang didapatkan ialah sebesar 1.12%.