bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Potentials of Musa acuminata Leaves Crude Extract in Alloxan-Induced Wistar Rats
Authors: Freitas A. A. , Onyemeh L. O. , Nneji P. O. , Ola O. M. , Faloye D. A. 
Published: August 2023

Context: Musa acuminata is a plant of the tropical and subtropical regions. Over the past few decades, the health benefits of Musa acuminata have received much attention. All parts of the plant, including fruits, peel, pseudo stem, corm, flowers, leaves, sap, and roots, have found their use in treating many diseases in traditional medicine.
Aim: This study was conducted to appraise the protective effect of Musa acuminata extract on alloxan-induced Diabetics Mellitus in wistar rats.
Settings and Design: This investigation was carried out using 24 Wistar rats, both males and females. The experimental models were divided into six groups; 4 rats per group.
Materials and Methods: The experimental models were divided into six groups; 4 rats per group. Alloxan was intraperitonially injected at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for day 1 across all groups except the positive control which is Group A together with oral administration of the aqueous extract of Musa acuminata (100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg body weight for the treatment group) and Group F was administered a standard drug. The animals were sacrificed on the 11th day under deep anesthesia with chloroform. The blood was collected by cardiac puncture and kidneys were collected for the histological profile.
Statistical Analysis: Kidney oxidative stress marker Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities Creatinine and Urea, were determined.
Results: The alloxan injection indicated an increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA), with a decrease in Urea and Creatinine when compared with the control. A remarkable decrease in antioxidant enzymes was also observed. Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, alloxan-induced diabetic mellitus, and histological changes in the kidneys were reduced almost to normal by the administration of Musa acuminata.
Conclusion: Based on the current findings, Musa acuminata leaves at low dose (100 mg/kg body weight) in the alloxan Induced Wistar rat has some anti diabetics potential than at 200 mg/kg body weight, 300 mg/kg body weight and standard drug (Metformin).
Enhancement of Vigour Status through Hydro and Leaf Extract Priming and Humid Invigoration in Ribbed Gourd (COH 1) and Bitter Gourd (CO 1)
Authors: K. Poovarasu , Jegathambal R. , Umarani R. , Kavitha P. S. , Ravi M. 
Published: August 2023

The present study focused on the evaluation of priming with water and various botanical leaf extract and followed by humid invigoration as a means to improve seed germination and seedling vigour of ribbed gourd (COH 1) and bitter gourd (CO 1). The seeds of these gourds were primed with water and various leaf extracts at 2% concentration viz., Pongam (Pongamia pinnata L.), Neem (Azadira chtaindica), Moringa (Moringa oleifera), Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), Notchi (Vitex negundo), Coconut (Cocos nucifera), Hena (Lawsonia inermis) and Guava (Psidium guajava). Unprimed seeds taken as a control. Hydro and leaf extract priming with humid invigoration process significantly influence the germination and seedling vigour of both crops viz., ribbed gourd (COH 1) and bitter gourd (CO 1). The study revealed that highest seed and seedling quality characters like germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling length, dry matter production, vigour index I and vigour index II were recorded in hydro primed with humid invigoration. Among the leaf extracts moringa shows better seedling growth of above parameters. Minimum value of this parameter was recorded in henna leaf extract priming with humid invigoration in both ribbed gourd (COH 1) and bitter gourd gourd (CO 1).
Foreign Body in Rectum: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Goswami Shalini , Giri Rahul Kumar , Akhter Sadik 
Published: August 2023

Rectal foreign body is a rare clinical entity. Approach includes a careful history and examination to rule out peritonitis and removal by conservative or operative approach. Most commonly bottles and glasses found. Other objects include toothbrushes, deodorant bottles, food articles, knives, cell phones, flash lights, ornaments, etc. Reasons for insertion include autoeroticism, concealment, attention seeking behaviour, accidental, assault and to alleviate constipation.
Case Report: A 41 years old male came to emergency with complaint of pain per rectum from a bottle he had inserted in his rectum 10 hours prior to presentation. Multiple attempts to remove it at home failed. On examination abdomen was soft, non-tender, non-distended. An abdomen xray showed a large bottle shaped object in pelvis. The foreign body was palpable in the rectum but due to it’s shape, size and smooth surface it was impossible to retrieve it with simple manoeuvring even with simultaneous suprapubic pressure. All relevant investigations were done and patient was prepared for surgery. Exploratory laparotomy was done under spinal anaesthesia. Lower midline incision was given and bottle was pushed from above and taken out of anal canal. A glass bottle of size 11*5 cm was retrieved. Antibiotics and painkillers started. Patient recovered well and discharged on post op day 2.
Conclusion: Management of patients with rectal foreign bodies can be challenging. Even though the majority of cases can be successfully managed conservatively, the operative techniques might also be needed.
Spatial Analysis of Cadmium and Lead in Soils of Nagaon District of Assam, India
Authors: Hazarika Prarthana Priyom , Medhi B. K. , Thakuria R. K. , Kondareddy A. N. , Buragohain Bhaskar Jyoti 
Published: August 2023

Aims: The study was carried out in order to find the hotspots of Cadmium and Lead accumulation in the soil due to the anthropogenic activities, so that proper management strategies can be taken on time for their remediation.
Study Design: Different geospatial techniques as Normal Q-Q plot, histogram, trend analysis and semi-variogram cloud model is used.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted emphasizing basically in high agricultural chemicals dependent Nagaon District of Assam, India, from 2018 to 2021.
Methodology: Heavy metals were assessed using a random sampling method with a 5 x 5 km2 grid, and a total of 160 samples were collected from a depth of 0 – 15 cm for soil. Choropleth maps were created to show the distribution and hotspots of pollution.
Results: Geospatial analyses from different thematic maps of heavy metals revealed significant vulnerable points of elevated concentrations of Pb (>24.45 mg/kg) and Cd (>0.31 mg/kg) in soil which is presumed to be due to anthropogenic factors. The three-dimensional trend over the distribution of metals throughout the district best fitted the second-order polynomial for Cd, and Pb in soils. Significant numbers of pairs of heavy metal pairs to a certain extent were found to be spatially autocorrelated and all the pairs away from X-axis towards the extreme right corner and far above the axis reflected less influence of local characteristics of the heavy metal. Co-variance cloud with search direction from North to South revealed the existence of spatial autocorrelation and a wider spatial shift of correlation towards the southern direction.
Conclusion: The current study provides baseline data to update the mitigation approaches to better manage the heavy metal contamination in soil in the entire district.
Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic Effects of Four Different Parts of 2 Plants Moringa Extracts against the Bacteria Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella typhi, and some Phytochemical Properties
Authors: Metsopkeng Claire Stéphane , Bricheux Geneviève , Donnadieu Florence , Nana Paul Alain , Ripoche Isabelle , Tchinda Nehemie Donfagsiteli , Agbor Gabriel A. , Chalard Pierre , Sime-Ngando Télesphore , Nola Moïse 
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives: Typhoid fever and cholera are two major health challenges in many developing countries. The use of extracts of the plants Moringa for their treatment is often done without perfect knowledge of the antimicrobial properties of each part of plant. This study aims to evaluate the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of extracts of M. oleifera and M. stenopetala against the bacteria S. typhi and V. cholerae which cause typhoid fever and cholera respectively.
Materials and Methods: Four different parts (leaves, seeds, stem, and roots) of each plant species were dried and then ground. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the extracts of each part of the plants against the considered bacteria were determined by dilution method. Their phytochemical profiles were determined by chromatographic and mass spectral analyses.
Results: It has been noted that MICs and MBCs varied from one part to another of the same Moringa species, and from one bacterium to another for the same extract. With M. oleifera, the lowest MBC (0.078 mg/mL) against S. typhi and V. cholerae came from seeds and roots extracts, respectively. With M. stenopetala, the lowest MBCs against S. typhi (0.156 mg/mL) and V. cholerae (0.312 mg/mL) were from seeds extracts. Extracts of different parts of M. oleifera have bactericidal effects against S. typhi, and bacteriostatic effects against V. cholerae. Extracts from all considered parts of M. stenopetala have bacteriostatic effects against both bacteria. Although some phytochemicals were found in both Moringa, others were specific to one species or to a given part.
Conclusion: In case of co-infection by both bacteria, M. oleifera roots extracts could be the most recommended in the treatment because of their lowest MIC and MBC. With M. stenopetala, roots and seeds extracts could be the most recommended because of their relatively lower MIC and MBC, respectively. The next studies will determine for each microorganism, the activity of each identified and purified chemical compound.
GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding Prevention of Anaemia amongst Non-pregnant Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Communities of South-West Nigeria
Authors: Oyelese Adesola , Ogbaro Daniel , Adediran Adewumi , Wakama Tamunomieibi , Adetola Adeola , Gbadegesin Abidoye , Awodele Ibironke , Mbah Chimezie , Ogunsanwo Blessing 
Published: August 2023

Background: Anaemia in women of reproductive age (WRA) is a common health problem in the developing countries and non-pregnant WRA constitute the third most affected group after preschool-aged children and pregnant women. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding anaemia prevention amongst non-pregnant WRA in rural communities of South-West Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among two hundred non-pregnant WRA aged 18-43 years. After ethical clearance was obtained, data which included socio-demographic, knowledge, attitude and practice-related issues were collected from the respondents with pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire which was designed by the authors, adjusted to local setting and pre-tested for congruency and exclusion of ambiguities.
Results: The mean age of the non-pregnant women of reproductive age in this study was 31± 7.6 years. Many of the respondents, 82 of 200 (40.5%) were in the age group 35-43 years. The knowledge score in this study was adequate 9.5%, moderate 67.5% and inadequate 23.5%. In all age groups, the highest scores were found in the average knowledge category. There was a significant relationship between marital status and level of knowledge and majority of the respondents had positive attitude and good practices in the prevention of anaemia.
Conclusion: Respondents had a fairly good knowledge relating to nutrition and majority of them had positive attitude and good practices in the prevention of anaemia. There is a need to improve the knowledge of the rural women on anaemia which will in turn enhance their practices. The community health personnel should play a vital role in healthcare delivery in these communities.
Electrical Cardiometry versus Echocardiography in Assessment of Hemodynamic Status in Preterm Neonates with Septic Shock
Authors: Abdou Noura , Elmahdy Heba , Tolba Osama , Shihab Nihal , Elmesiry Asmaa , Rowisha Mohammed 
Published: August 2023

Background: Severe sepsis combined with hypotension or the requirement for vasopressors in newborns is known as neonatal septic shock and occurs even when the body is receiving enough fluids to revive it.
Hemodynamic monitoring in this condition can be through clinical assessment or using invasive and non-invasive tools like functional Echocardiography. Electrical Cardiometry (EC) has emerged as a continuous and non-invasive measurement of (CO) cardiac output. It has FDA approval and has been verified for usage in newborns.
Methods: All preterm infants admitted to the NICU who have been diagnosed with septic shock and have a gestational age between (34 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks). 80 healthy neonates who were allocated for gestational age and sex made up the control group. Electrical cardiometry assessment was carried out throughout the first, second, third days of sepsis symptoms and prior discharge.
Results: In warm septic shock group; cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and cardiac index measured by electrical cardiometry (EC) had been substantially greater at the second evaluation contrasted to last evaluations in comparison to control group. There was no significant difference as regard contractility index (ICON) between both readings in both groups. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was significantly lower at 2nd evaluation in comparison to last evaluations than in control group. In cold septic shock group, SV, CO and cardiac index measured by EC were substantially lower at 2nd evaluation contrasted to last evaluations in comparison to control group. ICON was significantly lower at 2nd readings in comparison to last readings in both groups. SVR was significantly higher at 2nd evaluation in cold septic shock in contrast to control group.
Conclusion: Electrical cardiometry is a valuable tool of bedside hemodynamic monitoring and management in cases with neonatal septic shock.
Towards the ultimate brain: Exploring scientific discovery with ChatGPT AI
Authors: Adesso Gerardo 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to scientific discovery using an artificial intelligence (AI) environment known as ChatGPT, developed by OpenAI. This is the first paper entirely generated with outputs from ChatGPT. We demonstrate how ChatGPT can be instructed through a gamification environment to define and benchmark hypothetical physical theories. Through this environment, ChatGPT successfully simulates the creation of a new improved model, called GPT4, which combines the concepts of GPT in AI (generative pretrained transformer) and GPT in physics (generalized probabilistic theory). We show that GPT4 can use its built‐in mathematical and statistical capabilities to simulate and analyze physical laws and phenomena. As a demonstration of its language capabilities, GPT4 also generates a limerick about itself. Overall, our results demonstrate the promising potential for human‐AI collaboration in scientific discovery, as well as the importance of designing systems that effectively integrate AI's capabilities with human intelligence.
Superhero media, aggression, and prosocialness: Relations in adults and gender's moderating role
Authors: Santos Isabella Leandra Silva , Pimentel Carlos Eduardo , Mariano Tailson Evangelista 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe present study aimed to observe the relationships between superhero media exposure, aggression, and prosocialness in adults. We also investigated gender's moderating role. A total of 700 Brazilians participated in the study (age mean =  25.77, SD = 8.63, SE = 0.32, 57% men). Results showed a positive relation between superhero media exposure, prosocialness (r = .18), and all aggression factors (physical: r = .13; verbal: r = .08; aggressive emotions: r = .16). Aggressive emotions mediated indirect effects of exposure (physical aggression: λ = 0.12, p < .01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05–0.21; verbal aggression: λ = 0.10, p < .01, 95% CI = 0.05–0.18). Finally, gender moderated the relationship between exposure and prosocialness (b = 0.13, t = 2.07, p = .03).
Determination of volume averaging correction factors using an elliptical absorbed dose model for Gamma Knife Perfexion
Authors: Šegedin Nikola , Hršak Hrvoje , Babić Sanja Dolanski , Jurković Slaven 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to calculate volume averaging correction factors for detectors used in the dosimetry of Gamma Knife's narrow photon beams, and to determine the impact of volume averaging on the field output correction factor.MethodsSimulations of different Gamma Knife fields were done using elliptical dose model formalism with newly introduced fit functions. To determine volume averaging correction factors a calculation of the absorbed dose over the volume of the detector was performed. The elliptical dose model was tested with respect to absorbed dose distribution for different volumes and compared with the calculations of Leksell GammaPlan v.11.3.1.ResultsThe largest differences in absorbed dose calculated by the elliptical model and Leksell GammaPlan are 2.25%, 1.5%, and 0.6% for 16, 8, and 4 mm field sizes, respectively. Volume averaging correction factors were determined for six ionization chambers, five semiconductor detectors, a diamond, and two plastic scintillator detectors. In general, for all examined detectors the impact of volume averaging is more pronounced for smaller field sizes. All studied ionization chambers had a larger volume than other detectors, therefore the volume averaging correction factors for ionization chambers are larger for all investigated field sizes. Besides the fact that plastic scintillator detectors can be considered tissue‐equivalent, volume averaging correction factor should be applied.ConclusionVolume averaging correction factors for different detectors are determined and suitable detectors for dosimetry of Gamma Knife's narrow photon beams are recommended. It is shown that volume averaging has a dominant contribution to a field output correction factor.
Nanozymes With Osteochondral Regenerative Effects: An Overview of Mechanisms and Recent Applications
Authors: Sun Xueheng , Xu Xiang , Yue Xiaokun , Wang Tianchang , Wang Zhaofei , Zhang Changru , Wang Jinwu 
Published: August 2023

AbstractWith the discovery of the intrinsic enzyme‐like activity of metal oxides, nanozymes garner significant attention due to their superior characteristics, such as low cost, high stability, multi‐enzyme activity, and facile preparation. Notably, in the field of biomedicine, nanozymes primarily focus on disease detection, antibacterial properties, antitumor effects, and treatment of inflammatory conditions. However, the potential for application in regenerative medicine, which primarily addresses wound healing, nerve defect repair, bone regeneration, and cardiovascular disease treatment, is garnering interest as well. This review introduces nanozymes as an innovative strategy within the realm of bone regenerative medicine. The primary focus of this approach lies in the facilitation of osteochondral regeneration through the modulation of the pathological microenvironment. The catalytic mechanisms of four types of representative nanozymes are first discussed. The pathological microenvironment inhibiting osteochondral regeneration, followed by summarizing the therapy mechanism of nanozymes to osteochondral regeneration barriers is introduced. Further, the therapeutic potential of nanozymes for bone diseases is included. To improve the therapeutic efficiency of nanozymes and facilitate their clinical translation, future potential applications in osteochondral diseases are also discussed and some significant challenges addressed.
Understanding Effects of Alkyl Side‐Chain Density on Polaron Formation Via Electrochemical Doping in Thiophene Polymers
Authors: Stewart Katherine , Pagano Katia , Tan Ellasia , Daboczi Matyas , Rimmele Martina , Luke Joel , Eslava Salvador , Kim Ji‐Seon 
Published: August 2023

AbstractPolarons exist when charges are injected into organic semiconductors due to their strong coupling with the lattice phonons, significantly affecting electronic charge‐transport properties. Understanding the formation and (de)localization of polarons is therefore critical for further developing organic semiconductors as a future electronics platform. However, there are very few studies reported in this area. In particular, there is no direct in situ monitoring of polaron formation and identification of its dependence on molecular structure and impact on electrical properties, limiting further advancement in organic electronics. Herein, how a minor modification of side‐chain density in thiophene‐based conjugated polymers affects the polaron formation via electrochemical doping, changing the polymers’ electrical response to the surrounding dielectric environment for gas sensing, is demonstrated. It is found that the reduction in side‐chain density results in a multistep polaron formation, leading to an initial formation of localized polarons in thiophene units without side chains. Reduced side‐chain density also allows the formation of a high density of polarons with fewer polymer structural changes. More numerous but more localized polarons generate a stronger analyte response but without the selectivity between polar and non‐polar solvents, which is different from the more delocalized polarons that show clear selectivity. The results provide important molecular understanding and design rules for the polaron formation and its impact on electrical properties.
A 3D‐Printed Assemblable Bespoke Scaffold as a Versatile Microcryogel Carrier for Site‐Specific Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Lee Seunghun S. , Kleger Nicole , Kuhn Gisela A. , Greutert Helen , Du Xiaoyu , Smit Thijs , Studart André R. , Ferguson Stephen J. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAdvances in additive manufacturing have led to diverse patient‐specific implant designs utilizing computed tomography, but this requires intensive work and financial implications. Here, Digital Light Processing is used to fabricate a hive‐structured assemblable bespoke scaffold (HIVE). HIVE can be manually assembled in any shape/size with ease, so a surgeon can create a scaffold that will best fit a defect before implantation. Simultaneously, it can have site‐specific treatments by working as a carrier filled with microcryogels (MC) incorporating different biological factors in different pockets of HIVE. After characterization, possible site‐specific applications are investigated by utilizing HIVE as a versatile carrier with incorporated treatments such as growth factors (GF), bioceramic, or cells. HIVE as a GF‐carrier shows a controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein/vascular endothelial growth factor (BMP/VEGF) and induced osteogenesis/angiogenesis from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC)/human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, as a bioceramic‐carrier, HIVE demonstrates enhanced mineralization and osteogenesis, and as a HUVEC carrier, it upregulates both osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression of hMSCs. HIVE with different combinations of MCs yields a distinct local effect and successful cell migration is confirmed within assembled HIVEs. Finally, an in vivo rat subcutaneous implantation demonstrates site‐specific osteogenesis and angiogenesis.