bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New corresponding state principle based correlation of the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity for pure saturated inorganic liquids
Authors: Lv Yanmeng , Tian Jianxiang , Jiang Hua 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a corresponding state principle based correlation for the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity for 15 pure saturated inorganic liquids. The temperature range that this correlation covers is from the triple point temperature (Ttr) to T0, which is about 0.979 times to 0.989 times the critical temperature (TC). In order to compare with the data from the reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) database, the average absolute deviations (AADs) of the correlation and others for each liquid are calculated. It is found that the correlation proposed here can reproduce the REFPROP data with AAD <1% for 10 liquids, AAD <2% for 12 liquids, AAD <3% for 14 liquids, and AAD <5% for all of the 15 inorganic liquids considered. Because our proposal is specifically designed for saturated inorganic liquids, compared with previously published correlations which were specifically designed for organic liquids or others, the one proposed herein is overall the most accurate for the saturated inorganic liquids considered. Additionally, we independently process water and obtain a 4‐term polynomial correlation with high accuracy for it. The proposed correlations can be applied directly to accurately estimate the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivities of the liquids considered in thermal engineering areas.
An Adaptive Weight Model Predictive Control Strategy for Vienna Rectifiers Under Unbalanced Loads
Authors: Sun Zhang , Jin Weidong , Wu Fan , Han Qi , Wu Yunpu 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThis study tackles the challenge of managing midpoint potential imbalance and suppressing current zero‐crossing distortion in Vienna rectifiers under conditions of unbalanced load. To address this, an adaptive weight model predictive control strategy is proposed. The research begins by analyzing the interaction between maintaining midpoint potential balance and mitigating current zero‐crossing distortion, taking into account influences, such as current ripple, sampling inaccuracies, and load imbalance. A prediction model is formulated to predict the behavior of the voltage vector coupling error. Using this predictive framework, a multiobjective model predictive control strategy is developed, incorporating a weight adaptive optimization technique to enhance the coordination between objectives. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in controlling neutral‐point potential imbalance, reducing current harmonics, and suppressing zero‐crossing distortion, demonstrating its advantages over existing methods.
Mapping of Meaning and Pleasure on the Temporal Horizon: Long‐Term Orientation Predicts Preference for Meaningful Over Pleasurable Activities
Authors: Hong Emily K. , Kim Jinhyung , Choi Incheol 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTMeaning and pleasure, albeit closely tied, are often distinguished in their temporality. The present research aims to deepen the understanding of temporality of meaning and pleasure by examining whether long‐term orientation (LTO) positively predicts the preference for meaning‐oriented behaviours but negatively predicts the preference for pleasure‐oriented behaviours. Four studies (N = 1251) revealed supporting evidence for meaning but less consistent pattern for pleasure. Study 1 demonstrated that LTO was more consistently associated with the preference for meaningful activities (e.g., helping someone) than pleasurable activities (e.g., watching TV). Studies 2–3B further revealed that experimentally induced LTO increased the preference for meaningful activities while attenuating the preference for clearly pleasurable activities (e.g., getting drunk) only, indirectly through the LTO cultural values—tradition and planning. Our findings advance the understanding of how the pursuit of meaning and pleasure is mapped onto a wider scale of temporal orientation.
Water Electrolysis Facing the Gigawatt Challenge—Comprehensive De‐Risking of Proton Exchange Membrane and Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyser Technology
Authors: Karl André , Jodat Eva , Kungl Hans , Dobrenizki Ladislaus , Schmid Günter , Geskes Peter , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTGreen Hydrogen (H2) is generally considered to play a key role in enabling sustainable energy storage, as well as a renewable feedstock to various industrial sectors. Accordingly, the production of H2 by water electrolysis at an industrial scale is a key prerequisite for a transformation of our energy system. With respect to water electrolysis, proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysers are generally considered a technology option for the production of green H2 on a large scale. Prior to market ramp‐up PEM electrolysers have to undergo substantial de‐risking for a technology ramp‐up. For a comprehensive de‐risking, a fundamental and holistic understanding of the degradation phenomena of electrolysers on an industrially relevant scale is a prerequisite. Field data with different application‐specific load profiles needs to be acquired in order to develop countermeasures against possible degradation patterns induced by the operational mode. This is not only crucial for the more mature PEM technology but also in the future relevant for other more novel membrane electrolysis technologies such as anion exchange membrane (AEM) looking to make the step from laboratory operation to large‐scale production and deployment. This editorial aims to outline the current status and general workflow of the de‐risking process and serve as an introduction to the topics of this special issue ranging from fundamental studies on degradation processes on the catalyst level up to novel factory concepts for ramping up of electrolyser production.
Comprehensive Experimental Studies on Smoldering Characteristics of Forest Soil from pinus sylvestris Vegetation
Authors: Heydick Lukas , Piechnik Kira , Klippel Andrea 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSmoldering combustion, often linked with forest fires in coniferous forests, pose significant health and environmental risks, particularly in densely populated countries like Germany, where these fires commonly occur in wildland–urban interface (WUI) areas. This study investigates the combustion characteristics of Pinus sylvestris soil, focusing on the underlying processes and thermal behavior. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of smoldering combustion in pine forest soil, with a specific focus on fire‐exposed soil horizons. The research integrates soil characterization, elemental analysis, heat of combustion determination, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of pine soil fractions ranging from < 0.063 to > 4 mm, conducted under both air and nitrogen atmospheres. The derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves reveal that the fastest mass loss occurs during pyrolysis, with peak temperatures between 240°C and 280°C. Activation energies (Ea) were calculated using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) methods. The highest activation energies were observed between conversion rates of 0.2 and 0.4. Activation energies at peak temperatures for all fractions were determined using the Kissinger method. Residue analysis reveals significant variations in organic content, ranging from 22.6% to 92.7%. The findings demonstrate that German‐typical pine soil is prone to smoldering combustion, highlighting processes determined as preheating, drying, pyrolysis, and oxidation. As part of the German Pilot of the EUs TREEADS project, this study provides essential data for numerical simulations, emphasizing the need to consider both physical and chemical properties of soil fractions to mitigate the impact of smoldering fires in pine forest ecosystems.
Geochemistry and Source Characteristics of Dykes Straddling the Panvel Flexure, India and Their Relationship to the Deccan‐Aged Seychelles Intrusives
Authors: Raghuram  , Duraiswami Raymond A. , Chinchu S. V. , Saha Chandan 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTSeveral dykes straddle the Panvel flexure (PF) and intrude the compound pāhoehoe flows in the West Coast of India. Three geochemically distinct groups of dykes, that is, olivine normative tholeiites, quartz normative tholeiites with geochemical affinity to the Bushe, Poladpur and Ambenali formations and a nepheline normative alkali basalt are emplaced straddling the PF, striking parallel to the West Coast Fault (WCF) and the PF (NNW–SSE). The quartz normative tholeiites from the present study are restricted to the east of the PF axis and olivine normative tholeiites dominate west of the PF axis. The presence of olivine‐bearing dykes west of the PF axis may represent the upper parts of a plumbing system that has tapped either a large basic magma chamber variably, that accumulated fairly large quantities of primary magma at the crust–mantle boundary or a distinct but linked magma reservoir that underwent different AFC processes to produce the olivine tholeiites straddling the flexure. Quartz tholeiite east of the PF axis represents differentiated products of these reservoirs. WCF and PF are imprints of the separation of Seychelles from India associated with the rifting subsidence of the crust and upliftment of the Western Ghats. Deccan age (69.1–73.5 Ma) dykes occurring in Praslin, Félicité and Mahé islands of Seychelles are quartz normative, olivine normative and nepheline normative, respectively, forming three distinct geochemical groups and are chemically akin to the Bushe and Khandala formations when plotted in bivariate ratio plots. Trace and REE‐based models of intrusions straddling the PF and their counterparts in the Seychelles; indicate partial melting of dominantly garnet lherzolite source. Partial melting curves show olivine normative and quartz normative tholeiite dykes from Seychelles to dominantly have spinel lherzolite source with different degrees of partial melting. In contrast, the nepheline normative dyke has a spinel + garnet lherzolite source.
Considerations to forgo systemic treatment in patients with advanced esophageal or gastric cancer: A real‐world evidence study
Authors: Slotman Ellis , Pape Marieke , van Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. , Pouw Roos E. , van der Linden Yvette M. , Verhoeven Rob H. A. , Siesling Sabine , Fransen Heidi P. , Raijmakers Natasja J. H. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe majority of patients with advanced esophageal or gastric cancer do not start palliative systemic treatment. To gain insight into the considerations underlying the decision not to start systemic treatment, we analyzed characteristics of patients starting and not starting systemic treatment, reasons for not starting systemic treatment, and receipt of local palliative treatments on a nationwide scale. Patients diagnosed with advanced esophageal or gastric cancer between 2015 and 2021 were included (n = 10,948). Survival was compared using propensity score matching on patient and disease characteristics. Most patients did not start systemic treatment (esophageal cancer 59%; gastric cancer 64%). These patients were generally older, more often female, had more comorbidities and a worse performance status. The main reason for not starting systemic treatment was patient or family preference (35%). Among patients who did not start systemic treatment, 47% (esophageal) and 19% (gastric), received local palliative treatment, most commonly radiotherapy. Patients who did not start systemic treatment had worse median overall survival compared to patients who did start (esophageal cancer 2.9 months vs. 8.9 months; gastric cancer 2.2 vs. 8.2 months). These findings indicate that patient condition and disease burden are important aspects in systemic treatment decisions. However, patient or family preference was the main reason for not starting systemic treatment, highlighting that their priorities also strongly influence the decision. Systemic treatment did show to be associated with improved overall survival in matched patients, and therefore adequately weighing treatment risks and benefits based on real world data against patient preferences is of utmost importance.
Street Pharmacology: Toxico‐Dermatology of Injection Drug Use
Authors: Lehmann David F. , Nazem Aryana , Marraffa Jeanna , Farah Ramsay Sami 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStreet medicine is a point‐of‐care, mobile approach that services the needs of unhoused individuals who are otherwise unable to access medical care in traditional settings. The prevalence of injection drug use combines with the pipeline of illicit substances, to produce a constellation of severe, potentially life‐threatening dermatological disorders unique to this population. This review applies principles of clinical pharmacology to clarify the mechanisms underlying the dermatological toxicity of xylazine, desomorphine, and 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
Are Exposure Recommendations for QT Evaluation Being Fulfilled?
Authors: Wakabayashi Tsubasa , Narukawa Mamoru 
Published: January 2025

AbstractPharmaceutical companies have several options to evaluate drug‐induced QT prolongation, often referred to as QT pathways, during clinical development. Current regulatory practices recommend achieving high clinical exposure (HCE) for conventional thorough QT (TQT) studies. An alternative to the TQT study, commonly known as the Q&A 5.1 pathway, recommends a two‐fold HCE as the exposure margin for concentration‐corrected QT (C‐QTc) analysis. To assess the impact of these recommendations, we analyzed the exposure margins of 166 new active substances approved in Japan since 2015. Among these, 28.3% of substances in conventional TQT studies (n = 92) did not achieve HCE, and 50.0% of substances in the C‐QTc analysis (n = 22) did not achieve two‐fold HCE. In the integrated risk assessment, C‐QTc analysis, often incorporated into first‐in‐human studies, is recommended to cover HCE for substances showing no QT prolongation risks in both in vitro and in vivo non‐clinical studies, and we analyzed whether the Cmax achieved in single‐ascending dose (SAD) and multiple‐ascending dose (MAD) studies reached HCE. The result showed that 51.1% and 47.7% of substances did not achieve HCE in SAD and MAD studies, respectively. Our findings highlight the need for dose‐ascending strategy targeting two‐fold therapeutic exposure to ensure HCE. Insufficient exposure may lead to failure to waive the TQT study, and delays in development timelines. To address these challenges, we propose strategies for optimizing early clinical study designs to meet the exposure recommendations and reduce the risk of additional requirements from the regulatory authorities at a later stage.
Microscopic Techniques for Nanomaterials Characterization: A Concise Review
Authors: Aziz Abbas , Shaikh Huma , Abbas Amna , Zehra Kissa E. , Javed Bakhtawar 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTNanomaterials have been gaining interest due to their remarkable properties at the nanoscale. The surface area of particles becomes high at the nanoscale because of this virtue, they have been used in a bundle of applications like electronics, biomedical, agriculture, wastewater treatment, semiconductor industry, cosmetics, drug delivery, paints, and so forth. The morphology (size and shape) of nanomaterials plays an important role because each application requires the appropriate morphology for better performance. Generally, there are a few microscopic techniques used to characterize nanomaterial morphology, AFM (atomic force microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and others. In this review, the principles, operations, advantages, and limitations of these microscopic techniques for nanomaterial morphology characterization have been briefly discussed. The existing difficulties and path forward for the development of these techniques have also been highlighted.
MRI Signs Associated With Bladder Injury During Cesarean Delivery in Severe Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Chen Xin , Zheng Xiaohan , Cai Xianyun , Wang Huiwen , Shan Ruiqin , Gu Yongzhong , Wang Xietong , Wang Guangbin 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundBladder injury during cesarean delivery (CD) in pregnant women with severe placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders mostly occurs in the dissection of vesico‐uterine space. Placental MRI may help to assess the risk of bladder injury preoperatively.PurposeTo identify the high‐risk MRI signs of bladder injury during CD in women with severe PAS.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsOne hundred sixty‐seven women with surgically confirmed severe PAS, defined as to increta or percreta, who underwent planned CD and available placental MRI.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 Tesla, half‐Fourier single‐shot turbo spin echo sequence and true fast imaging with steady state free precession sequence.AssessmentPresence of following imaging features of the vesico‐uterine region were independently evaluated by three radiologists (with 8, 8, and 15 years of experience, respectively): vesico‐uterine space hypervascularity, vesico‐uterine space without chemical shift line, bladder wall interruption with hyperintense nodularity, bladder tenting, and uterine‐placental bulge.Statistical TestsUnivariable analyses (Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test) and multivariable regression analyses were used. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThirty‐three of the women (19.8%) experienced bladder injury during CD. MRI features were significantly more frequent in the bladder injury group compared with the no bladder injury group: 69.7% vs. 26.9% in vesico‐uterine space hypervascularity, 57.6% vs. 21.6% in absent chemical shift line in the vesico‐uterine space, 18.2% vs. 1.5% in bladder wall interruption with hyperintense nodularity, 39.4% vs. 14.9% in bladder tenting, and 78.8% vs. 39.6% in uterine‐placental bulging. Vesico‐uterine space hypervascularity, absent chemical shift line, and uterine‐placental bulge were independently associated with the risk of bladder injury (odds ratios: 4.190, 3.555, and 3.569, respectively).Data ConclusionVesico‐uterine space hypervascularity, vesico‐uterine space without chemical shift line and uterine‐placental bulge were associated with bladder injury during CD in women with severe PAS.Plain Language SummaryBladder injury is a serious complication of cesarean delivery in pregnant women with severe placenta accreta spectrum, frequently resulting in massive hemorrhage, bladder dysfunction and severe infection. Accurate prenatal assessment is important to minimize these adverse consequences. This study showed that MRI features, including vesico‐uterine space hypervascularity, vesico‐uterine space without chemical shift line and uterine‐placental bulge, were independently associated with bladder injury. These high‐risk MRI signs may serve as effective means for prenatal assessment of bladder injury. This study would broaden the application of MRI in severe placenta accreta spectrum.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Multiparametric MRI for Assessment of the Biological Invasiveness and Prognosis of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in the Era of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhao Ben , Cao Buyue , Xia Tianyi , Zhu Liwen , Yu Yaoyao , Lu Chunqiang , Tang Tianyu , Wang Yuancheng , Ju Shenghong 
Published: January 2025

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the deadliest malignant tumor, with a grim 5‐year overall survival rate of about 12%. As its incidence and mortality rates rise, it is likely to become the second‐leading cause of cancer‐related death. The radiological assessment determined the stage and management of PDAC. However, it is a highly heterogeneous disease with the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, and it is challenging to adequately reflect the biological aggressiveness and prognosis accurately through morphological evaluation alone. With the dramatic development of artificial intelligence (AI), multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) using specific contrast media and special techniques can provide morphological and functional information with high image quality and become a powerful tool in quantifying intratumor characteristics. Besides, AI has been widespread in the field of medical imaging analysis. Radiomics is the high‐throughput mining of quantitative image features from medical imaging that enables data to be extracted and applied for better decision support. Deep learning is a subset of artificial neural network algorithms that can automatically learn feature representations from data. AI‐enabled imaging biomarkers of mpMRI have enormous promise to bridge the gap between medical imaging and personalized medicine and demonstrate huge advantages in predicting biological characteristics and the prognosis of PDAC. However, current AI‐based models of PDAC operate mainly in the realm of a single modality with a relatively small sample size, and the technical reproducibility and biological interpretation present a barrage of new potential challenges. In the future, the integration of multi‐omics data, such as radiomics and genomics, alongside the establishment of standardized analytical frameworks will provide opportunities to increase the robustness and interpretability of AI‐enabled image biomarkers and bring these biomarkers closer to clinical practice.Evidence Level3Technical EfficacyStage 4
Approach to anaemia in gastrointestinal disease: A position paper by the ESPGHAN Gastroenterology Committee
Authors: Broekaert Ilse Julia , Assa Amit , Borrelli Osvaldo , Saccomani Marco Deganello , Homan Matjaž , Martin‐de‐Carpi Javier , Mas Emmanuel , Miele Erasmo , Misak Zrinjka , Sila Sara , Thomson Mike , Tzivinikos Christos , Dolinsek Jernej 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAnaemia is a frequent consequence of many gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in children and it can even be the initial presenting symptom of underlying chronic GI disease. The definition of anaemia is age and gender‐dependent and it can be classified based on pathophysiology, red cell morphology, and clinical presentation. Although nutritional deficiencies, including GI malabsorption of nutrients and GI bleeding, play a major role, other pathophysiologic mechanisms seen in chronic GI diseases, whether inflammatory (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease) or not (e.g., coeliac disease and dysmotility), are causing anaemia. Drugs, such as proton pump inhibitors, mesalamine, methotrexate and sulfasalazine, are also a potential cause of anaemia. Not uncommonly, due to a combination of factors, such as iron deficiency and a chronic inflammatory state, the underlying pathophysiology may be difficult to decipher and a broad diagnostic work‐up is required. The goal of treatment is correction of anaemia by supplementation of iron and vitamins. The first therapeutic step is to treat the underlying cause of anaemia including bleeding control, restoration of intestinal integrity and reduction of inflammatory burden. The route of iron and vitamin supplementation is guided by the severity of anaemia.