bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Phenobarbital on the Ability of Electroencephalogram to Predict Adverse Outcome in Asphyxiated Neonates during Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Yuliati Asri , Zayek Michael , Maertens Paul 
Published: April 2023

Objective Classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) background has been established to predict outcome in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). However, the impact of phenobarbital therapy on the predictability of EEG background has not been studied. Our objective is to determine if EEG background after treatment with phenobarbital during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) remains a good predictor for brain injury in neonates with HIE.
Study Design This is a single-center, retrospective study of consecutive neonates with HIE who underwent TH and EEG monitoring from October 2017 to March 2021. Per institutional protocol, all infants received a dose of prophylactic phenobarbital and bumetanide therapy at the onset of TH for sedative and neuroprotective measures. The initial 3 hours of EEG background activity was classified based on national guidelines. Infants were separated into two groups based on EEG background scores: group 1 (normal–mild, n = 30) and group 2 (moderate–severe, n = 36). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results were scored based on the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) criteria. Adverse outcomes were defined as death before MRI or NICHD brain injury score > 1A.
Results Infants in group 2 had lower Apgar scores at 5 minutes of age, severe acidemia, moderate to severe encephalopathy score, and earlier initiation of EEG monitoring than infants in group 1. Moderate to severe EEG background score was associated with presence of brain injury on MRI or death (p = 0.003), and this association remained significant even after adjustment for independent risk factors (odds ratio = 56.24 [95% confidence interval = 1.841–1718], p = 0.021).
Conclusion Phenobarbital therapy does not affect the ability of EEG to predict adverse outcome in infants with perinatal asphyxia during TH.
Key Points
Populist pragmatism: the nationalisation of local government strategies by the Rassemblement National
Authors: Peace Timothy , Paxton Fred 
Published: April 2023

AbstractExisting studies have explored the territorialisation of the Rassemblement National (RN) in terms of its regional variation in patterns of support and mobilisation strategies. The extent of regional variation in its local government strategies, however, has been neglected. In this article, we make this enquiry through comparison of two municipalities run by the RN between 2014 and 2020. While similar in local demand and central party supply, the municipalities differ in their socio-economic context and political history. We ask if the party has responded to these contrasting contexts with different strategies of governing. We conduct a qualitative analysis of the policies introduced in both towns and draw on semi-structured interviews with government and opposition actors. In addition, we conduct a quantitative text analysis of their policy agendas, using a dictionary-based analysis to measure the extent of populist radical right ideology in each case. Our findings show that, as well as some limited regional variation in the prominence of their core ideological themes, there is a common emphasis from both on a governing style characterised by ‘pragmatism’. We argue that the prioritisation of the national party aim of mainstreaming can be a force for the nationalisation of local governing strategies from populist radical right parties, as shown here in the case of the RN.
Developing and validating the Sexual Health Literacy Scale in an Iranian adult sample
Authors: Rashidi Kazhal , Watson Peter , Farahani Hojjatollah , Chesli Rasol Roshan , Abiri Fatemeh Akhavan 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe literature has shown that sexual health literacy has limited applicability in many developing countries. The present study, therefore, aimed to develop and examine the validity and reliability of the Sexual Health Literacy Scale (SHLS) among a sample of 595 Iranian university students. The first analysis yielded themes obtained from a qualitative content analysis of the 118-item SHLS scale. Concepts were extracted using the method of latent content analysis (Bengtsson, NursingPlus Open 2:8–16, 2016). 327 initial codes were extracted and main categories (Elo and Kyngäs, J Adv Nurs. 62 (1): 107–115, 2007) or themes (Graneheim and Lundman, Nurse Education Today 24: 105–112, 2004) obtained consisting of the information source, individual barriers, understanding and application, capacity and motivation, damage, skills, sexual rights, and socio-cultural barriers. In the second analysis, the 595 students were randomly split into two groups. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the themes derived and quantified in Phase 1. 6 Factors were obtained and found to be consistent in both groups. Criterion-related validity of sexual health literacy was determined by stepwise multiple regression to predict marital satisfaction. The reliability of SHLS was also investigated. The third analysis examined the fit of the 6 factors obtained from the 595 students in the original sample to a new sample of 221 university students using cross-validation via confirmatory factor analysis. We developed and validated a six-factor structure of the Sexual Health Literacy Scale 106 (SHLS-106): factor 1, Sexual Skills; factor 2, Individual Socio-cultural Barriers; factor 3, Sexual Vulnerability; factor 4, Resources to Access Sexual Information; factor 5, Understanding and Application; factor 6, Capacity and Motivation. SHLS-106 shows good test–retest reliability and criterion, incremental and convergent validities. This is the first study to examine the validity and reliability of the Sexual Health Literacy Scale in an Iranian sample. Considering the acceptable validity and reliability of this instrument, the psychometric properties of SHLS-106 need to be further investigated in diverse, more extended samples to clarify the extent of application of this scale in different settings. SHLS-106 can effectively examine sexual health literacy, a dynamic scale in nature influenced by the individual, healthcare system, contextual, and social factors in different cultures.
Exploring diversity, equity, and inclusion perceptions among leadership in the field of Human-Animal Interaction
Authors: Jensen Clare L. , Ogeer Jennifer , Beck Alan M. , O’Haire Marguerite E. 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThe field and study of human-animal interaction (HAI) have experienced substantial and ongoing growth in scientific rigor and, public awareness. Yet, considerations for the role of diversity in the field have thus far remained limited, and efforts to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in HAI are critically needed. As one of the first steps to improving DEI is to conduct a baseline assessment, the present study sought to address two questions: (1) what is the representativeness among field leaders (i.e. directors of HAI research and education centers)? and (2) what are their perceptions about the status and importance of DEI in the field? Surveys were completed by Human-Animal Bond (HAB) center representatives and directors regarding center and director demographics, and perceived importance of DEI and diversity among professionals and clients in the field. Themes from DEI-focused discussions with expert panels at the 2021 CHAB Conference, were used to interpret and frame the implications of these survey results and make recommendations for the next steps to actively promote and support DEI in HAI. Results indicated racial homogeneity among center directors, with some limited representativeness in other facets of diversity (e.g. sexual orientation, disability, religion). There was limited perceived diversity among field professionals and the communities served, but high perceived importance of diversity in the HAI field. Finally, results suggested inconsistencies in the understanding of barriers to DEI in HAI and a lack of knowledge about strategies for promoting DEI in the field. This manuscript provides a summary of current DEI in the field along with existing resources and guidelines from DEI experts.
Compact lensless convolution processor for an optoelectronic convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Zaikun , Kong Depeng , Da Zhengshang , Wang Ruiduo , Wang Shijie , Geng Yi , He Zhengquan 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
To our knowledge, optical 4f systems have been widely used as a convolutional layer to perform convolutional computation in free-space optical neural networks (ONNs), which makes ONNs too bulky to be easily applied to miniaturized smart systems. Hence, we propose a compact lensless optoelectronic convolutional neural network (LOE-CNN) architecture in which a single optimized diffractive phase mask acts as an analog convolution processor to perform convolutional operation without a Fourier lens or lenslet array. We demonstrate that this LOE-CNN can be functionally comparable to existing electronic counterparts in classification performance, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.07% and 95% over the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology dataset in simulation and experiment, respectively, which not only opens new application prospects for free-space ONNs based on a compact single-chip convolution processor, but also facilitates the development of ONN-based smart devices.
The Schottky barrier transistor in emerging electronic devices
Authors: Schwarz Mike , Vethaak Tom D , Derycke Vincent , Francheteau Anaïs , Iniguez Benjamin , Kataria Satender , Kloes Alexander , Lefloch Francois , Lemme Max , Snyder John P , Weber Walter M , Calvet Laurie E 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper explores how the Schottky barrier (SB) transistor is used in a variety of applications and material systems. A discussion of SB formation, current transport processes, and an overview of modeling are first considered. Three discussions follow, which detail the role of SB transistors in high performance, ubiquitous and cryogenic electronics. For high performance computing, the SB typically needs to be minimized to achieve optimal performance and we explore the methods adopted in carbon nanotube technology and two-dimensional electronics. On the contrary for ubiquitous electronics, the SB can be used advantageously in source-gated transistors and reconfigurable field-effect transistors (FETs) for sensors, neuromorphic hardware and security applications. Similarly, judicious use of an SB can be an asset for applications involving Josephson junction FETs.
Effect of impurities on charge and heat transport in tubular nanowires
Authors: Rezaie Heris Hadi , Klausen K O , Sitek Anna , Erlingsson Sigurdur I , Manolescu Andrei 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We calculate the charge and heat currents carried by electrons, originating from a temperature gradient and a chemical potential difference between the two ends of tubular nanowires with different geometries of the cross-sectional areas: circular, square, triangular, and hexagonal. We consider nanowires based on InAs semiconductor material, and use the Landauer-Büttiker approach to calculate the transport quantities. We include impurities in the form of delta scatterers and compare their effect for different geometries. The results depend on the quantum localization of the electrons along the edges of the tubular prismatic shell. For example, the effect of impurities on the charge and heat transport is weaker in the triangular shell than in the hexagonal shell, and the thermoelectric current in the triangular case is several times larger than in the hexagonal case, for the same temperature gradient.
Chiral flows can induce neck formation in viscoelastic surfaces
Authors: de Kinkelder E M , Fischer-Friedrich E , Aland S 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The cell cortex is an active viscoelastic self-deforming sheet at the periphery of animal cells. It constricts animal cells during cell division. For some egg cells, the actomyosin cortex was shown to exhibit counter-rotating chiral flows along the axis of division. Such chiral surface flows were shown to contribute to spatial rearrangements and left-right symmetry breaking in developing organisms. In spite of this prospective biological importance, the effect of chiral forces on the flows and emergent shape dynamics of a deformable surface are completely unknown. To shed a first light on that matter, we present here a numerical study of an axisymmetric viscoelastic surface embedded in a viscous fluid. We impose a generic counter-rotating force field on this surface and study the resulting chiral flow field and shape dynamics for various surface mechanical parameters. Notably, we find that the building of a neck, as is observed during cell division, occurs if the surface contains a strong shear elastic component. Furthermore, we find that a large areal relaxation time results in flows towards the equator of the surface. These flows assist the transport of a surface concentration during the formation of a contractile ring. Accordingly, we show that chiral forces by themselves can drive pattern formation and stabilise contractile rings at the equator. These results provide first mechanistic evidence that chiral flows can play a significant role to orchestrate cell division.
Application of differential equation in the field of acoustic
Authors: Shafique Sajid , Hina Nazish , Rana Muhammad Afzal , Bano Ambreen 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
The current study examines a classification of physical problems involving the attenuation and propagation of structure and fluid-coupled acoustic waves in a discontinuous waveguide. In acoustics, the response of sound to boundaries is important. Therefore, it is expected that all of the discontinuous waveguide’s boundaries have the same walls, which can be either hard or impedance. The impedance and hard walls of the waveguide are mathematically modeled with respective Robin and Neumann boundary conditions together with the second-order field differential equation. The physical challenge is solved using the mode-matching (MM) approach, which also matches the continuity criteria for the acoustic pressure and normal velocities at matching connections. Transmission loss and powers scattering graphs against various frequencies and waveguides dimension parameters are shown to evaluate how well the waveguide predicts the sound to enhance or attenuate for both fluid and structure-borne modes incidents. By reconstructing the matching continuity requirements at matching junctions and using the conserved power identity, the accuracy of the derived algebra is confirmed. The current study has significant implications for improving sound quality for audible applications.
In-depth insight of thermodynamic and kinetic barrier for computation of nucleation rate and interfacial energy of ultra-small Gd2O3 nanoclusters utilizing non-isothermal thermogravimetric models
Authors: Verma Vivek Kumar , Sabbarwal Shivesh , Srivastava Prachi , Kumar Manoj 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Determination of temperature-dependent nucleation rate is a crucial parameter to accessing the kinetic and thermodynamic barrier linked with developing subatomic-sized nuclei, which tend to restrain the nucleation process. In this study, we exclusively compute the nucleation rate, thermodynamic parameters, and interfacial energy of ultra-small gadolinium oxide nanoclusters at high temperatures. Here, the apparent value of activation energy (Ea.) and pre-exponential kinetic factor (Aa) was precisely computed by utilizing the most accurate Vyazovkin advanced and KAS iso-conversional method, which was further exploited to estimate the thermodynamic parameters, nucleation rate, and interfacial energy of ∼1 nm-sized gadolinium nanoclusters, in the temperature ranging from 555 to 780 K by appraising thermogravimetric data. The obtained Z (α) master plot suggested the existence of random nucleation within the BSA matrix of Gd2O3 nanoclusters at high temperatures over a specified conversion value. Additionally, four mathematical models were proposed using the above finding to interpret the nucleation rate and interfacial energy concerning high temperature and specified conversion points for the first time.
Sharp turns in axion monodromy: primordial black holes and gravitational waves
Authors: Bhattacharya Sukannya , Zavala Ivonne 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Large turns in multifield inflation can lead to a very rich phenomenology, but are
difficult to realise in supergravity, and typically require large field space curvatures. In this
work, we present a mechanism to realise multiple sharp turns, and therefore strong non-geodesic
trajectories, from transient violations of slow-roll without the requirement of large field space
curvatures in supergravity inflation. Such turning rates can strongly source the adiabatic
fluctuations, resulting in an enhanced scalar power spectrum with resonant features and a large
peak amplitude. If the growth of the scalar power spectrum at small scales is large enough,
primordial black holes can be produced in abundance. These large scalar fluctuations induce a
characteristic large spectrum of gravitational waves for a wide range of frequencies, which
inherits the resonant features. We illustrate this mechanism in a supergravity model of axion
monodromy, which provides the first concrete model to realise such resonant features.The model can
sustain inflation for around 60 e-folds, leading to considerable production of very light
primordial black holes, and large gravitational wave spectra, which could be detectable by
multiple upcoming gravitational wave surveys. For the set of parameter we consider, large
oscillations occur at all scales. This represents a challenge for the model at large scales and
motivates further investigation to reconcile this class of models with Planck data.
Optimized monophasic pulses with equivalent electric field for rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Wang Boshuo , Zhang Jinshui , Li Zhongxi , Grill Warren M , Peterchev Angel V , Goetz Stefan M 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with monophasic pulses achieves greater changes in neuronal excitability but requires higher energy and generates more coil heating than TMS with biphasic pulses, and this limits the use of monophasic pulses in rapid-rate protocols. We sought to design a stimulation waveform that retains the characteristics of monophasic TMS but significantly reduces coil heating, thereby enabling higher pulse rates and increased neuromodulation effectiveness. Approach. A two-step optimization method was developed that uses the temporal relationship between the electric field (E-field) and coil current waveforms. The model-free optimization step reduced the ohmic losses of the coil current and constrained the error of the E-field waveform compared to a template monophasic pulse, with pulse duration as a second constraint. The second, amplitude adjustment step scaled the candidate waveforms based on simulated neural activation to account for differences in stimulation thresholds. The optimized waveforms were implemented to validate the changes in coil heating. Main results. Depending on the pulse duration and E-field matching constraints, the optimized waveforms produced 12%–75% less heating than the original monophasic pulse. The reduction in coil heating was robust across a range of neural models. The changes in the measured ohmic losses of the optimized pulses compared to the original pulse agreed with numeric predictions. Significance. The first step of the optimization approach was independent of any potentially inaccurate or incorrect model and exhibited robust performance by avoiding the highly nonlinear behavior of neural responses, whereas neural simulations were only run once for amplitude scaling in the second step. This significantly reduced computational cost compared to iterative methods using large populations of candidate solutions and more importantly reduced the sensitivity to the choice of neural model. The reduced coil heating and power losses of the optimized pulses can enable rapid-rate monophasic TMS protocols.
Phase diagram of the half-filled Anderson-Hubbard model at finite temperature
Authors: Yen Nguyen Thi Hai , Tuan Hoang Anh 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We study metal-insulator phase diagram in the half-filled disordered Hubbard model at finite temperature. We calculate the averaged local density of states at the Fermi level and the site occupation as a function of the on-site energy at finite temperature by using typical medium theory with an impurity solver of equation of motion method. Although the metallicity in the correlated metallic region changes with temperature change, the phase diagram is almost temperature independent. We find fairly good agreement between our site occupation and those obtained by the typical medium method with other impurity solver.
Flexural properties of porcupine quill-inspired sandwich panels
Authors: Tee Yun Lu , Nguyen-Xuan H , Tran Phuong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
This paper presents the bending behaviour of the porcupine quill and bioinspired Voronoi sandwich panels, aiming to explore the effect of geometrical design on the bending performance of the inspired structures. Through the x-ray micro-computed tomography, the internal morphology of the quill is explored. The longitudinal cross-section of the porcupine quill revealed a functionally graded design in the foam structure. Based on this observation, Voronoi sandwich panels are designed by incorporating the Voronoi seed distribution strategy and gradient transition design configurations. Porcupine-inspired sandwich panels with various core designs are fabricated via material jetting technique and tested under three-point bending condition. Results show that the sample failed at the bottom face panels for uniform sandwich panels, whereas graded samples failed in the core panel. The bending behaviour developed via simulation software shows a good agreement with the experimental results. The parametric study provides insights into structural designs for engineering applications, particularly in the aerospace and automobile industries.