bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar Survivorship but Different Revision Reasons for Uncemented Mobile-Bearing and Cemented Fixed-Bearing Medial UKA
Authors: Tay Mei Lin , Bolam Scott M. , Maxwell A. Rod , Hooper Gary J. , Monk A. Paul , Young Simon W. 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Long-term survivorship and accurate characterization of revision reasons in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) are limited by a lack of long-term data and standardized definitions of revision. The aim of this study was to identify survivorship, risk factors, and reasons for revision in a large cohort of medial UKAs with long-term follow-up (up to 20 years).

Methods:
Patient, implant, and revision details for 2,015 primary medial UKAs (mean follow-up, 8 years) were recorded following systematic clinical and radiographic review. Survivorship and risk of revision were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards. Reasons for revision were analyzed using competing-risk analysis.

Results:
Implant survivorship at 15 years was 92% for cemented fixed-bearing (cemFB), 91% for uncemented mobile-bearing (uncemMB), and 80% for cemented mobile-bearing (cemMB) UKAs (p = 0.02). When compared with cemFB, the risk of revision was higher for cemMB implants (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1 to 3.2; p = 0.03). At 15 years, cemented implants had a higher cumulative frequency of revision due to aseptic loosening (3% to 4%, versus 0.4% for uncemented; p < 0.01), cemMB implants had a higher cumulative frequency of revision due to osteoarthritis progression (9% versus 2% to 3% for cemFB/uncemMB; p < 0.05), and uncemMB implants had a higher cumulative frequency of revision due to bearing dislocation (4% versus 2% for cemMB; p = 0.02). Compared with the oldest patients (≥70 years), younger patients had a higher risk of revision (<60 years: HR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.0; 60 to 69 years: HR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0 to 2.4; p < 0.05 for both). At 15 years, there was a higher cumulative frequency of revision for aseptic loosening in these younger groups (3.2% and 3.5% versus 2.7% for ≥70 years; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Implant design and patient age were risk factors for revision of medial UKA. The findings from this study suggest that surgeons should consider using cemFB or uncemMB designs because of their superior long-term implant survivorship compared with cemMB designs. Additionally, for younger patients (<70 years), uncemMB designs had a lower risk of aseptic loosening than cemFB designs at the expense of a risk of bearing dislocation.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Quality methods in Virtual and Augmented Reality: A systematic literature review
Authors: Karcher Amelie 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
To develop a uniform approach for the implementation of training in quality methods with the help of innovative assistance systems, the current state of research is determined in the context of this work. For this purpose, a systematic literature search (SLR) is used to determine the state of research with a focus on Augmented and Virtual Reality glasses, since these are particularly immersive technologies. Based on the databases Scopus and Web of Science, an extended SLR was used for the research. First research projects could be identified, but standardized models for training concepts of these technologies are still at the beginning and there is a need for further research, especially about the training of quality methods.
Silicon-mediated herbivore defence in a pasture grass under pre-industrial and Anthropocene levels of CO2
Authors: Biru Fikadu Negese , Cazzonelli Christopher I , Elbaum Rivka , Johnson Scott N 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The uptake and accumulation of silicon (Si) in grass plants plays a crucial role in alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. Si supplementation has been reported to increase production of defence related antioxidant enzymes which helps to reduce oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) following herbivore attack. Atmospheric CO2 levels are known to affect Si accumulation in grasses; pre-industrial CO2 concentrations increase Si accumulation whereas elevated CO2 concentrations often decrease Si accumulation. This can potentially affect antioxidant enzyme production and subsequently insect herbivory, but this remains untested. We examined the effects of Si supplementation and herbivory by Helicoverpa armigera on antioxidant enzyme (catalase, CAT; superoxide dismutase, SOD; and ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activity in tall fescue grass (Festuca arundinacea) grown under CO2 concentrations of 200, 410, and 640 ppm representing pre-industrial, current and future CO2 levels, respectively. We also quantified foliar Si, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations and determined how changes in enzymes and elemental chemistry affected H. armigera relative growth rates and plant consumption. Rising CO2 concentrations increased plant mass and foliar C but decreased foliar N and Si. Si supplementation enhanced production of APX and SOD activity under the ranging CO2 regimes. Si accumulation and antioxidant enzyme production were at their highest level under pre-industrial CO2 conditions and their lowest level under future levels of CO2. The latter corresponded with increased herbivore growth rates and plant consumption suggesting that tall fescue could become more susceptible to herbivory under future CO2 conditions.
Slow-pyrolysis of brown macroalgae Padina sp.: Product characterization and degradation kinetic mechanism
Authors: AMRULLAH apip , FAROBIE Obie , Ernawati Lusi 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this research, a series of experiments on pyrolysis of brown algae "Padina sp." were conducted in a batch reactor under different temperatures (400, 500, and 600 oC) and reaction times (30, 60, and 90 min) in order to investigate the product behavior and the kinetic of solid degradation of Padina sp. during the pyrolysis process. The results showed that the bio-oil from Padina sp. can be split into its constituent parts, with chemicals such as carboxylic acids, hydrocarbons, n-aromatic compounds, amines/amides, and phenolic compounds identified. The ultimate analysis demonstrated that the atomic ratios of the biochar, both H/C and O/C, were lower than those of the raw material. The calorific values vary from 20.96 to 22.25 MJ kg− 1. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of surface morphology also revealed that the biochar formed had a greater surface area than the algal feedstock. Additionally, the reaction kinetics of solid degradation at varied temperatures was deduced. The pre-exponential factor and activation energy for the degradation of solid feedstock were successfully determined for the first time using the Arrhenius equation as 8.44x1010s− 1 and 144.4 kJ mol⁻1, respectively.
Flexible self-supporting interconnected cobalt sulfide nanosheets enable high-loading and long-cycling Li-S batteries with high areal capacity
Authors: Tian Xiaohui , Che Lukang , Liu Mengdie , Selabi Naomie Beolle Songwe , Zhou Yingke 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSB) with high theoretical specific capacity/energy density still face some practical challenges, for instance shuttle effect, sluggish redox kinetics and corrosion of Li anode, which leads to rapid capacity decay. To overcome these challenges, herein, a porous and flexible sulfur host composed of interconnected Co9S8 nanosheets in-situ grown on carbon cloth surface was constructed by a one-pot solvothermal method and applied as binder-free self-supporting electrode of LSB. The interconnected carbon fiber skeleton and highly conductive Co9S8 nanosheets can provide abundant electron-transport channels to ensure excellent electric conductibility for electrode. Meanwhile, the abundant adsorption and catalytic sites provided by Co9S8 nanosheets can effectively inhibit dissolution of polysulfides and improve conversion kinetics of polysulfides, effectively suppressing “shuttle effect” and protecting Li anode. The interconnected Co9S8 nanosheets can also offer adequate void to facilitate penetration for Li2S6 solution/electrolyte, accelerate lithium-ion diffusion and accommodate volume expansion of sulfur, thus ensuring high sulfur utilization and remarkable cycle stability of electrode. The Co9S8-CC/Li2S6 electrode achieves impressive lithium-storage performance, including high discharge capacity (1315.1 mA h g− 1, 0.1 C), excellent rate capability (872.4 mA h g− 1, 2 C) and outstanding cyclic stability (decay of 0.02%/cycle over 1500 cycles, 2 C). Under a high sulfur-loading of 6.2 mg cm− 2, the Co9S8-CC/Li2S6 electrode still delivers high discharge capacity (1115.1 mAh g− 1, 0.1 C) and good cycling stability (decay of 0.129%/cycle during 200 cycles, 0.5 C). This study offers insights for rational designing and structure engineering of self-supporting metal sulfide based composite host for high-performance LSB application.
Hypoxic preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure and physical exercise significantly improves hypoxic tolerance
Authors: Xie Jiaxin , Zhong Zhifeng , Dong Huaping , Huang Pei , Zhou Simin , Tian Huaijun , Wu Yu , Li Peng 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Background
Hypoxic preacclimatization has been an effective strategy to enhance the tolerance to high altitude hypoxia. We aimed to determine whether preacclimatization combining intermittent hypoxia exposure (IHE) and physical exercise can further promote hypoxia acclimatization and select the optimal protocol.
Methods
120 Han Chinese young men were enrolled and randomly assigned into the control group and 3 experimental groups with 5-day rest, 5-day exercise, and 3-day exercise in a hypobaric chamber. Main parameters for hypoxia acclimatization, AMS incidence, physical capacity, and cognitive function were measured in the hypobaric chamber 2 days after training. The effect was compared between different protocols.
Results
SpO2 and HR of the 5-day rest group were significantly higher than those of the controls (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively). The proportion of moderate and severe headache of 3-day exercise group was significantly lower than that of the controls (p = 0.002). The 5-day exercise group had significantly higher SpO2, VO2max, digital symbol and pursuit aiming test scores (p = 0.005, p = 0.002, p = 0.005, and p = 0.005, respectively), while shorter color selection reaction time (p = 0.004), as compared with the control group. Participants with 5-day exercise achieved better performance on digital symbol and color selection reaction test than those of 5-day rest group did (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively).
Conclusions
Hypoxic preacclimatization combining IHE with physical exercise of moderate intensity appears to be efficient in promoting hypoxia acclimatization, especially for improvement of mental and physical capacity in hypoxia.
Response of plant functional traits to water table gradients in the Zoige Alpine wetland, China
Authors: Yang Jun , Gao Yongheng , Zhao Chuan , Chen Huai 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Aims Functional trait-based approaches have been widely used to explore the relationship between plants and their surroundings. However, the response of plant functional traits to water table gradients in alpine wetlands has not been well understood so far.
Methods Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment in which five common plant species were collected at four water table gradients (WT10, WT0, WT-20, and WT-50, which represent the water table at 10 cm, 0 cm, -20 cm and -50 cm from the surface) and classified into two types based on clustering analysis of photosynthetic traits: hydrophytes(Carex muliensis, Equisetum ramosissimum and Caltha scaposa) and mesophytes (Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis and Juncus allioides). The adaptation strategies of alpine wetland plants to water level changes were revealed by analyzing differences in plant responses to water level gradients and trade-offs between traits.
Results Hydrophytes had higher morphological traits, such as higher leaf dry matter content (LDMC), while mesophytes had higher photosynthetic traits, such as higher maximum electron transfer rate (ETRmax) and stoichiometric traits, such as total nitrogen (TN). The morphological, photosynthetic and stoichiometric traits of hydrophytes decreased with decreasing water level gradient, while mesophytes showed the opposite pattern. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that leaf area (LA) and TN of both hydrophytes and mesophytic were most sensitive to water level changes, and these two traits could be used indirectly to predict the response of alpine wetland plants to water level changes. In addition, the number of correlations among hydrophytes traits was higher than that of mesophytes, reflecting that the mutual regulation and trade-offs among hydrophytes traits were better than that of mesophytes.
Conclusions Taken together, alpine wetland water table declines have a negative feedback effect on hydrophytes and a positive feedback effect on mesophytes growth. Such information contributes to predict and assess the effects of declining water levels on plant growth in alpine wetlands.
Sublethal impacts of Buprofezin and Pyriproxyfen on cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis through transgenerational hormesis
Authors: Hussain Sabir , Shahid Muhammad Rafiq , Ather Tooba , Khan Lal , Bibi Amna , Kanwal Sadia , Ahmad Nadia Hussain 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Insect pests are exposed to repeated applications of pesticides to effectively manage the pest species. This induces insecticide resistance and resurgence of target insect pest with an accelerated growth rate of the targeted individual. The present experiment was put into execution to examine transgenerational hormesis against different biological parameters of Phenacoccus solenopsis when exposed to sublethal concentrations of Pyriproxyfen (Pyriproxyfen® 10 EC) and Buprofezin (Buprofezin® 25 WP). Insects exhibited concentration-dependent mortality diminishing in succeeding generations. P. solenopsis receiving the sublethal concentration of LC10 (0.03%) of Pyriproxyfen® exhibited hormesis in natality in generation (G)-4 (1282.4 nymphs/20 females) and G-5 (1296.2 nymphs/20 females). The adult female exposed to LC10 (0.02%) of Buprofezin® also expressed hormesis in natality in G-4 (1261.5 nymphs/20 females) and G-5 (1282.8 nymphs/20 females). Hormesis in female longevity was also found when treated with a sublethal concentration of LC10 for Pyriproxyfen® (0.03%) in generation four (46.41 days) and five (46.35 days). Similarly, adults in G-4 and G-5 at a sublethal concentration of LC10 (0.02%) for Buprofezin® induced hormesis in G-4 (45.53 days) and G-5 (46.69days), whereas in G-4 (4.79 days) and G-5 (4.92days) at stimulatory concentrations of LC10 (0.03%) of pyriproxyfen®. The whole research ended up with a conclusion that continuous administration of sublethal concentrations can induce stimulations in different biological traits demonstrating the surprising biological capacity of insects to cope with stressors and contemplation of this aspect is necessary when integrating the pest management programs.
Measurement of Cardiac Troponin in Calves Affected with Respiratory Disease
Authors: Anderson D. E. , White Brad 
Published: February 2023

Troponin may prove useful as a field test to more accurately select calves with cardiopulmonary disease. This may be useful in determining the severity, response to therapy, and prognosis of these calves. Early, accurate
diagnosis will, in turn, direct therapy that may lessen distress associated with respiratory disease in cattle.
Influencing dairy profitability beyond traditional dairy veterinary services
Authors: Van der Leek M. L. 
Published: February 2023

In spite of a strong desire, even when vocalized, it remains a challenge for the role of the dairy veterinarian to move beyond that of a traditional one. In larger herds with a high reproductive work-load, we are at even greater risk of becoming specialist technicians. Instead we seek opportunity for greater involvement to deliver comprehensive services and to be recognized for such, both personally and financially.
Given the frequency of our visits, knowledge, and analytical skills, veterinarians in a unique position to provide inputs that complement the advice given by other consultants. The failure to do so has economic consequences for both the veterinarian and the dairyman. The income associated with additional consultation is lost, as is the associated job satisfaction. In turn the farmer might not optimally utilize the veterinarian’s input, foregoing the economic benefits of such. The opportunity for and the value of inputs will differ for every client and we need to remain cognizant of their motivation.
The Emerging Role of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Heart
Failure
Authors: Gitto Mauro , Villaschi Alessandro , Federici Massimo , Condorelli Gianluigi , Stefanini Giulio G. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a relatively novel drug class that most cardiologists
are becoming familiar with. By contrasting glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule of
the nephron, SGLT2 inhibition results in glycosuria with improved glycemic control. Although originally introduced
as anti-diabetic medications, the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2i have progressively emerged, leading
them to become one of the four pillars for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)
according to the 2021 guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology. Also, two recent randomized trials
have demonstrated SGLT2i as the first compounds with proven prognostic impact in heart failure with preserved
ejection fraction (HFpEF), setting a milestone in the treatment for this condition. While the exact pathogenic
mechanisms mediating the substantial reduction in cardiovascular death and heart failure (HF) hospitalizations
are still controversial, there is growing clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of SGLT2i in various
subsets of patients with HF. As known, heart failure is a complex and heterogeneous clinical syndrome with a
magnitude of phenotypes and a variety of underlying hemodynamic and physiological aspects which cannot be
fully incorporated into the traditional left ventricular ejection fraction based classification adopted in clinical
trials. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the cardiovascular benefits and indications of
SGLT2i across different HF patterns and to highlight current gaps in knowledge that should be addressed by future
research.
Clinical Application of Individualized 3D-Printed Chest Wall Conformal Device
in IMRT for Post-mastectomy Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Ji Haitao , Zhang Shilin , Guo Xu , Fu Tianyi , Zhao Lisong , He Chunbo 
Published: February 2023

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women. Radical mastectomy with postoperative radiotherapy is now the standard treatment
for locally advanced breast cancer. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has now been developed, which employs linear accelerators to
deliver precise radiation to a tumour while minimizing the dose to surrounding normal tissue. It significantly improves the efficacy of breast cancer
treatment. However, there are still some flaws that must be addressed.

Objective:
To assess the clinical application of the three-dimensional (3D)-printed chest wall conformal device for breast cancer patients who need to be
treated by chest wall intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) after radical mastectomy.

Methods:
The 24 patients were divided into three groups. During a computed tomography (CT) scan, patients in the study group were fixed by a 3D-printed
chest wall conformal device, nothing in control group A, and a traditional 1-cm thick silica gel compensatory pad on the chest wall in control group
B. The parameters of mean Dmax, Dmean, D2%, D50%, D98%, the conformity index (CI), and the homogeneity index (HI) of the planning target
volume (PTV) are compared.

Results:
The study group had the best dose uniformity (HI = 0.092) and the highest conformation (CI = 0.97), the worst in control group A (HI = 0.304, CI
= 0.84). The mean Dmax, Dmean, and D2% of the study group were lower than control groups A and B (p<0.05). The mean D50% was higher
than control group B (p<0.05), while the mean D98% was higher than control groups A and B (p<0.05). The mean Dmax, Dmean, D2%, and HI of
control group A were higher than control group B (p<0.05), whereas the mean D98% and CI were lower than control group B (p<0.05).

Conclusion:
By improving the efficacy of postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer, using 3D-printed chest wall conformal devices may greatly improve the
accuracy of repeating position fixation, increase the dose on the skin surface of the chest wall, optimise the dose distribution of the target area, and
thus further reduce tumour recurrence and prolong patients' survival.
Preparation of Ampicillin-derived CQDs and its Application in the Detection of Phenols in Medicinal Materials
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Ping 
Published: February 2023

Background:
In this study, ampicillin sodium fluorescent carbon quantum dots were
prepared by one-step hydrothermal method with ampicillin sodium as the carbon source and urea
as the nitrogen source.

Methods:
The structure of CQDs were characterized by UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometer.
The pH, reaction time and ionic strength of phenol detected by N-CQDs were optimized.
The optimum experimental conditions were 40 μL ampicillin sodium N-CQDs, 2 mL
buffer solution with pH 8.0, and the reaction time was 6 min.

Results:
Through the detection of fluorescence spectrophotometry, p-nitrophenol had obvious
fluorescence quenching phenomenon on ampicillin sodium N-CQDs, and the detection limit was
75 nM. It was used in the standard addition experiment of actual samples, and the recovery rates
were more than 85%.

Conclusion:
Therefore, the N-CQDs could be used as fluorescent probe to analyze the content
of p-nitrophenol in the actual environment.
A Greener Synthetic Approach to Tetrazoles via Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Ray Devalina 
Published: February 2023

Abstract:
The synthesis of heterocyclic compounds has drawn considerable attention in the scientific community due to their existence in the majority of medicinal & pharmaceutically important compounds as well as natural products. Among them, the remarkable existence of tetrazoles has been realized in several commercially available drugs. In this regard, various synthetic protocols to access tetrazoles have been developed to address the efficiency and environmental impacts in terms of minimization of the steps, elevating yields, and conducting environmentally benign and sustainable chemistry. The management and detrimental environmental impact of waste has been recognised as a consistent concern, along with the costs associated with its disposal. Among various approaches to minimise unwanted materials from a process, one of the best alternatives is to perform a reaction in the absence of excess chemical reagents and catalysts. Other options include the reactions affected by the application of heat, light, sound, or electrolysis. The multicomponent reactions (MCR) display a unique approach establishing a step forward toward clean, step and atom-economical chemical synthesis. Most of them utilize the required substrates, eliminating the stoichiometric use of reagents, reducing the possibility of forming unwanted side products. The present review displays the concepts of MCR in the synthesis and functionalization of tetrazole, which contributes to green and sustainable chemistry.