bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
28 GHz over-the-air measurement using an OTFS multi-user distributed MIMO under Doppler effect
Authors: Tawa Noriaki , Kuwabara Toshihide , Maruta Yasushi , Kaneko Tomoya 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThis paper describes the experimental investigation of orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulation using a 28 GHz multi-user distributed multiple-input multiple-output (D-MIMO) testbed in over-the-air (OTA) and mobility environments to enhance cell throughput in a millimeter-wave band. We build the D-MIMO testbed having newly developed OTFS modulator and demodulator, and measured OTFS signals and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with up to four user simultaneous connections on an actual office floor. Additionally, the Doppler effect on OTFS signals is mathematically analyzed and is confirmed in the measurements. OTFS indicates higher robustness in time-variant channels than OFDM. The error vector magnitude (EVM) and system throughput of OTFS are −22 dB and 1.9 Gbps with 100 MHz signal bandwidth, respectively. To our knowledge, this is a first paper describing the OTA measurements of EVM, throughput, and spectral efficiency using OTFS modulation on the 28 GHz coherent beamforming system.
RCS prediction and optimization for anomalous reflection metasurfaces using Floquet analysis
Authors: Elineau Matthieu , Loison Renaud , Méric Stéphane , Gillard Raphaël , Pagani Pascal , Mazé-Merceur Geneviève , Pouliguen Philippe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to their periodic nature, metasurfaces used to perform anomalous reflection raise parasitic harmonic reflections. We show a classical synthesis example of such a structure and highlight its limitations. Floquet analysis and its associated simulation environment are exploited to understand the origin of these parasitic reflections and to mitigate them. The proposed method is based on the optimization of the metasurface periodic pattern: the supercell. A predictive method is built to calculate radar cross-section patterns from supercell Floquet simulation, avoiding dealing with heavy simulations. The proposed model, the optimization outputs, and the general results are exposed in details. Different cases are also discussed to prove the repeatability of the proposed method. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the European Microwave Conference and was published in its proceedings.
Optimized Alternate Mapping Correlated K‐Distribution Method for Atmospheric Longwave Radiative Transfer
Authors: Cai Yue , Zhang Feng , Lin Han , Li Jiangnan , Zhang Hua , Li Wenwen , Hu Shuai 
Published: May 2023

AbstractRadiative transfer models are widely applied in climate models to simulate vertical temperature perturbations caused by external radiative forcings. A large part of radiative transfer models is the infrared gaseous spectral transmittance scheme, which quantifies the longwave atmospheric absorption. A rapid infrared gaseous spectral transmittance scheme, called the Optimized alternate Mapping Correlated K‐Distribution model (OMCKD), is introduced in this paper. To improve the accuracy of our scheme without increasing pseudo‐monochromatic calculations, we introduce the optimal iteration method to automatically tune the equivalent absorption coefficients in the cumulative probability subspace. In addition, a new expression weighted by black‐body radiation is introduced to calculate the equivalent absorption coefficient. The OMCKD simulates heating rate and radiation flux with errors of less than 0.12 K d−1 and 0.35 W m−2, respectively, below stratopause for standard atmospheric profiles. The OMCKD is also evaluated and compared with the rapid radiative transfer model for general circulation models (RRTMG) in realistic atmospheric profiles. We found that OMCKD can accurately produce heating rates and generally captures radiative forcings associated with large perturbations to the concentrations of main greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the number of pseudo‐monochromatic calculations in OMCKD is 11.4% less than that in RRTMG, which indicates less computational cost.
Terrestrial High‐Power LF Signals as Contributing Factors to the Heliospheric Environment
Authors: Miś T. A. , Modelski J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractLow‐frequency radio signals of natural origins have been registered in the heliosphere for more than 50 years, mainly being a product of interaction between the solar wind and the planetary magnetospheres. Withing these signals, series of man‐made transmissions have been detected, coming from the LORAN‐C navigation system and the terrestrial longwave broadcasting stations. The paper compares these two types of signals in the terms of their power distribution, which affects their readability and achieved effective range in space, as well as their possible usability in future research basing on the type of information they deliver. It is indicated that the less‐investigated longwave signals are more efficient, spectrum‐powerful and information‐rich that the LORAN‐C system, offering more possibilities for heliospheric and near‐Earth space research.
Validation of Ionospheric Specifications During Geomagnetic Storms: TEC and foF2 During the 2013 March Storm Event‐II
Authors: Shim J. S. , Song I.‐S. , Jee G. , Kwak Y.‐S. , Tsagouri I. , Goncharenko L. , McInerney J. , Vitt A. , Rastaetter L. , Yue J. , Chou M. , Codrescu M. , Coster A. J. , Fedrizzi M. , Fuller‐Rowell T. J. , Ridley A. J. , Solomon S. C. , Habarulema J. B. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAssessing space weather modeling capability is a key element in improving existing models and developing new ones. In order to track improvement of the models and investigate impacts of forcing, from the lower atmosphere below and from the magnetosphere above, on the performance of ionosphere‐thermosphere models, we expand our previous assessment for 2013 March storm event (Shim et al., 2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018SW002034). In this study, we evaluate new simulations from upgraded models (the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics (CTIPe) model version 4.1 and the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model (GITM) version 21.11) and from the NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) version 2.2 including eight simulations in the previous study. A simulation from the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model version 2 (TIE‐GCM 2.0) is also included for comparison with WACCM‐X. TEC and foF2 changes from quiet‐time background are considered to evaluate the model performance on the storm impacts. For evaluation, we employ four skill scores: Correlation coefficient (CC), root‐mean square error (RMSE), ratio of the modeled to observed maximum percentage changes (Yield), and timing error (TE). It is found that the models tend to underestimate the storm‐time enhancements of foF2 (F2‐layer critical frequency) and TEC (Total Electron Content) and to predict foF2 and/or TEC better in North America but worse in the Southern Hemisphere. The ensemble simulation for TEC is comparable to results from a data assimilation model (Utah State University‐Global Assimilation of Ionospheric Measurements (USU‐GAIM)) with differences in skill score less than 3% and 6% for CC and RMSE, respectively.
The Evolutions of the Seed and Relativistic Electrons in the Earth's Outer Radiation Belt During the Geomagnetic Storms: A Statistical Study
Authors: Wang Xu , Tang Chaoling , Ni Binbin , Su Zhengpeng , Zhang Jichun , Chen Jingrun , Chu Xinxin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractUsing the Van Allen Probes data, we statistically study the evolutions of the seed and relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt during the storms. Based on the different storm intensities and durations of the main phase, the storm events are divided into “moderate and short (MS) events,” “moderate and long (ML) events,” “strong and short (SS) events,” and “strong and long (SL) events.” The results from a superposed epoch analysis show that (a) For most MS and SS events, the seed electron fluxes can exceed pre‐storm levels, and enhanced fluxes mainly occur around the storm peak. (b) For the ML and SL events, the seed electron fluxes greatly exceed pre‐storm levels by more than an order of magnitude, and enhanced fluxes mainly occur during the main phase. (c) For most MS events, MeV electron fluxes are difficult to return to or exceed pre‐storm levels. While MeV electron fluxes at some L* shells for some SS events can exceed pre‐storm levels. (d) For most ML or SL events, MeV electron fluxes at L* ≥4.0 or ≥3.5 can exceed pre‐storm levels, and enhanced fluxes mainly start to occur from the main phase. These results suggest that the duration of the main phase and storm intensity play important roles in the evolutions of the seed and MeV electrons in the Earth's outer radiation belt during the storms. These are important for our further understanding of the electron dynamics of the outer radiation belt.
Patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder display a similar global gene expression signature in whole blood that reflects elevated proportion of immature neutrophil cells with association to lipid changes
Authors: Torsvik Anja , Brattbakk Hans-Richard , Trentani Andrea , Holdhus Rita , Stansberg Christine , Bartz-Johannessen Christoffer A. , Hughes Timothy , Steen Nils Eiel , Melle Ingrid , Djurovic Srdjan , Andreassen Ole A. , Steen Vidar M. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share clinical characteristics, genetic susceptibility, and immune alterations. We aimed to identify differential transcriptional patterns in peripheral blood cells of patients with SCZ or BD versus healthy controls (HC). We analyzed microarray-based global gene expression data in whole blood from a cohort of SCZ (N = 329), BD (N = 203) and HC (N = 189). In total, 65 genes were significantly differentially expressed in SCZ and 125 in BD, as compared to HC, with similar ratio of up- and downregulated genes in both disorders. Among the top differentially expressed genes, we found an innate immunity signature that was shared between SCZ and BD, consisting of a cluster of upregulated genes (e.g., OLFM4, ELANE, BPI and MPO) that indicate an increased fraction of immature neutrophils. Several of these genes displayed sex differences in the expression pattern, and post-hoc analysis demonstrated a positive correlation with triglyceride and a negative correlation with HDL cholesterol. We found that many of the downregulated genes in SCZ and BD were associated with smoking. These findings of neutrophil granulocyte-associated transcriptome signatures in both SCZ and BD point at altered innate immunity pathways with association to lipid changes and potential for clinical translation.
Intratumor heterogeneity and cell secretome promote chemotherapy resistance and progression of colorectal cancer
Authors: Källberg Julia , Harrison Alexandra , March Valerie , Bērziņa Santa , Nemazanyy Ivan , Kepp Oliver , Kroemer Guido , Mouillet-Richard Sophie , Laurent-Puig Pierre , Taly Valérie , Xiao Wenjin 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe major underlying cause for the high mortality rate in colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on its drug resistance, to which intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) contributes substantially. CRC tumors have been reported to comprise heterogeneous populations of cancer cells that can be grouped into 4 consensus molecular subtypes (CMS). However, the impact of inter-cellular interaction between these cellular states on the emergence of drug resistance and CRC progression remains elusive. Here, we explored the interaction between cell lines belonging to the CMS1 (HCT116 and LoVo) and the CMS4 (SW620 and MDST8) in a 3D coculture model, mimicking the ITH of CRC. The spatial distribution of each cell population showed that CMS1 cells had a preference to grow in the center of cocultured spheroids, while CMS4 cells localized at the periphery, in line with observations in tumors from CRC patients. Cocultures of CMS1 and CMS4 cells did not alter cell growth, but significantly sustained the survival of both CMS1 and CMS4 cells in response to the front-line chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mechanistically, the secretome of CMS1 cells exhibited a remarkable protective effect for CMS4 cells against 5-FU treatment, while promoting cellular invasion. Secreted metabolites may be responsible for these effects, as demonstrated by the existence of 5-FU induced metabolomic shifts, as well as by the experimental transfer of the metabolome between CMS1 and CMS4 cells. Overall, our results suggest that the interplay between CMS1 and CMS4 cells stimulates CRC progression and reduces the efficacy of chemotherapy.
Single-cell analysis reveals inflammatory interactions driving macular degeneration
Authors: Kuchroo Manik , DiStasio Marcello , Song Eric , Calapkulu Eda , Zhang Le , Ige Maryam , Sheth Amar H. , Majdoubi Abdelilah , Menon Madhvi , Tong Alexander , Godavarthi Abhinav , Xing Yu , Gigante Scott , Steach Holly , Huang Jessie , Huguet Guillaume , Narain Janhavi , You Kisung , Mourgkos George , Dhodapkar Rahul M. , Hirn Matthew J. , Rieck Bastian , Wolf Guy , Krishnaswamy Smita , Hafler Brian P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractDue to commonalities in pathophysiology, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a uniquely accessible model to investigate therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, leading us to examine whether pathways of disease progression are shared across neurodegenerative conditions. Here we use single-nucleus RNA sequencing to profile lesions from 11 postmortem human retinas with age-related macular degeneration and 6 control retinas with no history of retinal disease. We create a machine-learning pipeline based on recent advances in data geometry and topology and identify activated glial populations enriched in the early phase of disease. Examining single-cell data from Alzheimer’s disease and progressive multiple sclerosis with our pipeline, we find a similar glial activation profile enriched in the early phase of these neurodegenerative diseases. In late-stage age-related macular degeneration, we identify a microglia-to-astrocyte signaling axis mediated by interleukin-1βwhich drives angiogenesis characteristic of disease pathogenesis. We validated this mechanism using in vitro and in vivo assays in mouse, identifying a possible new therapeutic target for AMD and possibly other neurodegenerative conditions. Thus, due to shared glial states, the retina provides a potential system for investigating therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative diseases.
Room temperature phosphorescence from natural wood activated by external chloride anion treatment
Authors: Zhai Yingxiang , Li Shujun , Li Jian , Liu Shouxin , James Tony D. , Sessler Jonathan L. , Chen Zhijun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractProducing afterglow room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from natural sources is an attractive approach to sustainable RTP materials. However, converting natural resources to RTP materials often requires toxic reagents or complex processing. Here we report that natural wood may be converted into a viable RTP material by treating with magnesium chloride. Specifically, immersing natural wood into an aqueous MgCl2solution at room temperature produces so-called C-wood containing chloride anions that act to promote spin orbit coupling (SOC) and increase the RTP lifetime. Produced in this manner, C-wood exhibits an intense RTP emission with a lifetime of ~ 297 ms (vs. the ca. 17.5 ms seen for natural wood). As a demonstration of potential utility, an afterglow wood sculpture is prepared in situ by simply spraying the original sculpture with a MgCl2solution. C-wood was also mixed with polypropylene (PP) to generate printable afterglow fibers suitable for the fabrication of luminescent plastics via 3D printing. We anticipate that the present study will facilitate the development of sustainable RTP materials.
Non-volatile electric control of spin-orbit torques in an oxide two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Grezes Cécile , Kandazoglou Aurélie , Cosset-Cheneau Maxen , Arche Luis M. Vicente , Noël Paul , Sgarro Paolo , Auffret Stephane , Garello Kevin , Bibes Manuel , Vila Laurent , Attané Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSpin-orbit torques (SOTs) have opened a novel way to manipulate the magnetization using in-plane current, with a great potential for the development of fast and low power information technologies. It has been recently shown that two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) appearing at oxide interfaces provide a highly efficient spin-to-charge current interconversion. The ability to manipulate 2DEGs using gate voltages could offer a degree of freedom lacking in the classical ferromagnetic/spin Hall effect bilayers for spin-orbitronics, in which the sign and amplitude of SOTs at a given current are fixed by the stack structure. Here, we report the non-volatile electric-field control of SOTs in an oxide-based Rashba-Edelstein 2DEG. We demonstrate that the 2DEG is controlled using a back-gate electric-field, providing two remanent and switchable states, with a large resistance contrast of 1064%. The SOTs can then be controlled electrically in a non-volatile way, both in amplitude and in sign. This achievement in a 2DEG-CoFeB/MgO heterostructures with large perpendicular magnetization further validates the compatibility of oxide 2DEGs for magnetic tunnel junction integration, paving the way to the advent of electrically reconfigurable SOT MRAMS circuits, SOT oscillators, skyrmion and domain-wall-based devices, and magnonic circuits.
High-order harmonic generation from a thin film crystal perturbed by a quasi-static terahertz field
Authors: Li Sha , Tang Yaguo , Ortmann Lisa , Talbert Bradford K. , Blaga Cosmin I. , Lai Yu Hang , Wang Zhou , Cheng Yang , Yang Fengyuan , Landsman Alexandra S. , Agostini Pierre , DiMauro Louis F. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractStudies of laser-driven strong field processes subjected to a (quasi-)static field have been mainly confined to theory. Here we provide an experimental realization by introducing a bichromatic approach for high harmonic generation (HHG) in a dielectric that combines an intense 70 femtosecond duration mid-infrared driving field with a weak 2 picosecond period terahertz (THz) dressing field. We address the physics underlying the THz field induced static symmetry breaking and its consequences on the efficient production/suppression of even-/odd-order harmonics, and demonstrate the ability to probe the HHG dynamics via the modulation of the harmonic distribution. Moreover, we report a delay-dependent even-order harmonic frequency shift that is proportional to the time derivative of the THz field. This suggests a limitation of the static symmetry breaking interpretation and implies that the resultant attosecond bursts are aperiodic, thus providing a frequency domain probe of attosecond transients while opening opportunities in precise attosecond pulse shaping.
Circulating tumor DNA reveals mechanisms of lorlatinib resistance in patients with relapsed/refractory ALK-driven neuroblastoma
Authors: Berko Esther R. , Witek Gabriela M. , Matkar Smita , Petrova Zaritza O. , Wu Megan A. , Smith Courtney M. , Daniels Alex , Kalna Joshua , Kennedy Annie , Gostuski Ivan , Casey Colleen , Krytska Kateryna , Gerelus Mark , Pavlick Dean , Ghazarian Susan , Park Julie R. , Marachelian Araz , Maris John M. , Goldsmith Kelly C. , Radhakrishnan Ravi , Lemmon Mark A. , Mossé Yaël P. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractActivating point mutations inAnaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) have positionedALKas the only mutated oncogene tractable for targeted therapy in neuroblastoma. Cells with these mutations respond to lorlatinib in pre-clinical studies, providing the rationale for a first-in-child Phase 1 trial (NCT03107988) in patients with ALK-driven neuroblastoma. To track evolutionary dynamics and heterogeneity of tumors, and to detect early emergence of lorlatinib resistance, we collected serial circulating tumor DNA samples from patients enrolled on this trial. Here we report the discovery of off-target resistance mutations in 11 patients (27%), predominantly in the RAS-MAPK pathway. We also identify newly acquired secondary compoundALKmutations in 6 (15%) patients, all acquired at disease progression. Functional cellular and biochemical assays and computational studies elucidate lorlatinib resistance mechanisms. Our results establish the clinical utility of serial circulating tumor DNA sampling to track response and progression and to discover acquired resistance mechanisms that can be leveraged to develop therapeutic strategies to overcome lorlatinib resistance.
Critical nematic correlations throughout the superconducting doping range in Bi2−zPbzSr2−yLayCuO6+x
Authors: Song Can-Li , Main Elizabeth J. , Simmons Forrest , Liu Shuo , Phillabaum Benjamin , Dahmen Karin A. , Hudson Eric W. , Hoffman Jennifer E. , Carlson Erica W. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractCharge modulations have been widely observed in cuprates, suggesting their centrality for understanding the high-Tc superconductivity in these materials. However, the dimensionality of these modulations remains controversial, including whether their wavevector is unidirectional or bidirectional, and also whether they extend seamlessly from the surface of the material into the bulk. Material disorder presents severe challenges to understanding the charge modulations through bulk scattering techniques. We use a local technique, scanning tunneling microscopy, to image the static charge modulations on Bi2−zPbzSr2−yLayCuO6+x. The ratio of the phase correlation length ξCDW to the orientation correlation length ξorient points to unidirectional charge modulations. By computing new critical exponents at free surfaces including that of the pair connectivity correlation function, we show that these locally 1D charge modulations are actually a bulk effect resulting from classical 3D criticality of the random field Ising model throughout the entire superconducting doping range.
Oligomeric scaffolding for curvature generation by ER tubule-forming proteins
Authors: Xiang Yun , Lyu Rui , Hu Junjie 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe reticulons and receptor expression-enhancing proteins (REEPs) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are necessary and sufficient for generating ER tubules. However, the mechanism of curvature generation remains elusive. Here, we systematically analyze components of the REEP family based on AI-predicted structures. In yeast REEP Yop1p, TM1/2 and TM3/4 form hairpins and TM2-4 exist as a bundle. Site-directed cross-linking reveals that TM2 and TM4 individually mediate homotypic dimerization, allowing further assembly into a curved shape. Truncated Yop1p lacking TM1 (equivalent to REEP1) retains the curvature-generating capability, undermining the role of the intrinsic wedge. Unexpectedly, both REEP1 and REEP5 fail to replace Yop1p in the maintenance of ER morphology, mostly due to a subtle difference in oligomerization tendency, which involves not only the TM domains, but also the TM-connecting cytosolic loop and previously neglected C-terminal helix. Several hereditary spastic paraplegia-causing mutations in REEP1 appear at the oligomeric interfaces identified here, suggesting compromised self-association of REEP as a pathogenic mechanism. These results indicate that membrane curvature stabilization by integral membrane proteins is dominantly achieved by curved, oligomeric scaffolding.