STUDI DESKRIPTIF PERSEPSI FAKTOR DETERMINAN DAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN STUNTING DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KARANGANOM KLATEN
Authors: Mulyanti Sri , Budi Astuti Athanasia 
Published: June 2023

Latar Belakang: stunting (bayi pendek/kerdil) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan bayi dan anak di Indonesia. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) tahun 2018 menunjukkan angka kejadian stunting di Indonesia masih mencapai 29,9% dan menempati 10 besar di seluruh dunia. Pemangku kepentingan harus berkontribusi untuk mencegah stunting melalui pemberdayaan dasawisma. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menemukan suatu model dalam pencegahan stunting dengan pendekatan IPC. Ilmu keperawatan yang mendasari adalah Keperawatan Anak serta Keperawatan Komunitas. Subyek dan metode: penelitian kualitatif & kuantitatif (mix method) dengan sampel 10 pemangku kepentingan pemerintah kabupaten, 10 pemangku kepentingan Puskesmas, dan 19 pemangku kepentingan pemerintah desa yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Oktober 2021. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: (1) Stakeholder memiliki persepsi yang sama bahwa stunting ada di wilayah Karanganom (2) Determinan stunting ditemukan pola asuh yang tidak tepat, pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI yang tidak baik, masalah kesehatan pada ibu dan bayi, dan faktor budaya berupa kurangnya pemahaman ibu tentang stunting (3) Belum semua kecamatan memiliki atau sudah membentuk dasawisma, hanya ada 12 desa atau 63,16% sedangkan yang tidak memiliki dasawisma sebanyak 7 desa atau 36,84%. (4) Upaya pengurangan dan pencegahan stunting telah dilakukan dengan pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT), kelas balita, dan “baby cafe”. Penelitian ini dapat menyimpulkan bahwa peran dan fungsi dasawisma serta determinan stunting telah teridentifikasi sehingga dapat ditentukan tindak lanjut dari uji coba intervensi model.

Kata kunci: dasawisma, perilaku, inter professional collaboration, stunting

Background: stunting is still a health problem for infants and children in Indonesia. The results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) show that the incidence of stunting in Indonesia still reaches 29.9% and occupies the top 10 worldwide. Stakeholders must be contribute to prevent stunting through dasawisma empowerment. This study aims to find a model in stunting prevention with the IPC approach. The underlying nursing sciences are Pediatric Nursing and Community Nursing. Subjects and Method: there are qualitative & quantitative research (mix method) with a sample of 10 district government stakeholders, 10 health care from Puskesmas area, and 19 village government stakeholders taken by using total sampling technique. The research was conducted from March to October 2021. Results: (1) Stakeholders have the same perception that stunting exists in the Karanganom area (2) The determinants of stunting found that parenting is not appropriate, breastfeeding and complementary feeding is not good, health problems in mothers and babies, and cultural factors in the form of lack of understanding of mothers regarding stunting (3) Not all sub-districts have or have formed dasawisma, there are only 12 villages or 63.16% while those that do not have dasawisma are 7 villages or 36.84%. (4) Efforts to reduce and prevent stunting have been carried out by providing additional food (PMT), toddler class, and "baby cafe". Conclusion: the roles and functions of the dasawisma and the determinants of stunting have been identified so that the follow-up of the model intervention trial can be determined.

Keywords: behavior, dasawisma, inter professional collaboration, stunting