bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health Literacy and Clinic-Epidemiological Profile of Patients with COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: A Questionnaire-Based Study
Authors: Gulabani Michell , Chauhan Richa , Gaur Diksha , Das Swati , Bajaj Megha , Saxena Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Background
The patient partnership is desirable for the optimal management of comorbidities. This became significant more so during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis wherein health infrastructure was overburdened.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to estimate the clinicoepidemiological profile, health literacy regarding predisposing risk factors, and disease management in patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAMCR).

Materials and Methods
A structured questionnaire-based study on randomly chosen 100 microbiologically proven patients of CAMCR, consisting of 38 multiple choice questions, was designed with each answer having a patient and assessor response to it.

Results
A male predilection was seen (68%) with rhino-orbital (73%) being the commonest anatomic site. Forty-nine percent of the study participants had pre-existing diabetes of which 62% did not carry out regular blood sugar monitoring and in 18%, blood sugars were controlled prior to COVID-19. Thirty-five percent of patients with mild COVID-19 illness were treated with unwarranted steroids and 56% of patients had fluctuating blood sugar levels, during COVID-19 illness.
Seventy-nine percent of patients were not vaccinated against COVID-19, 16% only partially vaccinated. Seventy-one percent of patients were not aware of red flag signs and of mucormycosis with 8% presenting early, on noticing nasal symptoms.

Conclusion
This study observed diabetes as the most common comorbidity in patients with CAMCR. A lacuna in the health literacy of diabetics presenting with CAMCR was found. Additionally, knowledge regarding glycemic control during COVID-19 illness with or without the use of steroids and awareness of the “red flag” signs of CAMCR were mostly lacking. Interventions to improve awareness amongst patients with diabetes should help in optimal glycemic control, and avoid potential complications like severe COVID-19 illness, and mucormycosis.
Exploring the global geography of cybercrime and its driving forces
Authors: Chen Shuai , Hao Mengmeng , Ding Fangyu , Jiang Dong , Dong Jiping , Zhang Shize , Guo Qiquan , Gao Chundong 
Published: February 2023

AbstractCybercrime is wreaking havoc on the global economy, national security, social stability, and individual interests. The current efforts to mitigate cybercrime threats are primarily focused on technical measures. This study considers cybercrime as a social phenomenon and constructs a theoretical framework that integrates the social, economic, political, technological, and cybersecurity factors that influence cybercrime. The FireHOL IP blocklist, a novel cybersecurity data set, is used to map worldwide subnational cybercrimes. Generalised linear models (GLMs) are used to identify the primary factors influencing cybercrime, whereas structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of various factors on cybercrime. The GLM results suggest that the inclusion of a broad set of socioeconomic factors can significantly improve the model’s explanatory power, and cybercrime is closely associated with socioeconomic development, while their effects on cybercrime differ by income level. Additionally, results from SEM further reveals the causal relationships between cybercrime and numerous contextual factors, demonstrating that technological factors serve as a mediator between socioeconomic conditions and cybercrime.
Amplifying argument
Authors: Blair Carole , Balthrop V. William 
Published: February 2023

AbstractIn the aftermath of World War I, the US Government created eight cemeteries in France, Belgium, and the UK to honor American soldiers who died in Europe as well as to remind European audiences of that sacrifice. More recently, visitor centers were added to some of those sites. This essay explores how one of those visitor centers, located at Flanders Field American Cemetery in Belgium, serves toamplifythe cemeteries’ public diplomacy argument. We argue that amplification, as described by classical and more contemporary theorists, serves an important function in argumentation, and that these centers themselves deserve greater attention as they provide direction to visitors in making the place matter. In this analysis, we also consider the recursive relationship between text/argument and context in site interpretation.
The effects of chronic concentric and eccentric training on position sense and joint reaction angle of the knee extensors
Authors: Methenitis S. , Theodorou A. A. , Chatzinikolaou P. N. , Margaritelis N. V. , Nikolaidis M. G. , Paschalis V. 
Published: February 2023

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to compare the effect of chronic concentric or eccentric training on position sense and joint reaction angle, in healthy, untrained young men. Twenty‐four men were randomly assigned into a pure concentric (CT) or a pure eccentric (ET) group and performed for 8 weeks, one training session/week, 75 maximal knee extensors contractions. Before and 48 h after the first (W1) and the last (W8) training sessions, knee joint position sense and joint reaction angle were assessed at three different knee angles (i.e. 30°, 45° and 60°). At the same time points, indirect indices of exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) were evaluated (i.e. range of motion [ROM], optimal angle, maximum isometric, concentric and eccentric torques, delayed onset muscle soreness [DOMS] and blood creatine kinase concentrations [CK]). Forty‐eight hours post W1, position sense, reaction angle and all EIMD indices were significantly changed for both groups (p < 0.05; η2: 0.125–0.618), however, greater alterations were observed after ET. Significant correlations were found, in both groups, between the training‐induced changes of position sense, reaction angles and the changes of EIMD biomarkers (r: −0.855–0.825; p < 0.005). No significant changes were found 48 h post W8 for position sense, reaction angle and EIMD indices (p > 0.285) for both CT or ET groups. In conclusion, exercise‐induced changes in position sense and reaction angle, were related to the magnitude of EIMD, and not by the type of muscle contraction per se.
Flexible pressure and temperature dual-modality sensor based on stretchable electrode for human–machine interaction
Authors: Zou Qiang , Zhou Shenglu , Su QI , Xue Tao 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although flexible sensors have been widely used in areas such as human–computer interaction and electronic skin with their sensitive response and excellent robustness, their fabrication process remains complex and expensive. In addition, the flexible pressure sensor can only detect a single pressure. This paper presents a dual-mode pressure and temperature sensor with complementary layers based on stretchable electrodes. The templates required for sensor production are simple, easy to make and inexpensive. Comparing pressure sensors without complementary layers improves the sensitivity of devices with complementary layers more than 2.5 times. In addition, the pressure sensor enables dual-mode testing of pressure and temperature by modifying the complementary layer’s material while keeping the structure unchanged. The temperature sensor demonstrates pressure insensitivity and cyclic stability. The sensor shown some practical applications, such as finger pressing, gesture recognition, arm bending, and Morse code. Finally, sensors were integrated into the mechanical gripper to detect pressure and temperature during gripping. This work provides a promising way to improve the performance of flexible pressure sensors with easily prepared structures and to increase the integration of pressure and temperature dual-mode sensors, with great potential for applications in human–computer interaction and electronic skin.
Decoding the phonon transport of structural lubrication at silicon/silicon interface
Authors: Dong Yun , Ding Yusong , Rui Zhiyuan , Lian Fangming , Tao Yi , Hui Weibin , Fu Rong 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Although the friction characteristics under different contact conditions have been extensively studied, the mechanism of phonon transport at the structural lubrication interface is not extremely clear. In this paper, we firstly promulgate that there is a 90°-symmetry of friction force depending on rotation angle at Si/Si interface, which is independent of normal load and temperature. It is further found that the interfacial temperature difference under incommensurate contacts is much larger than that in commensurate cases, which can be attributed to the larger interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). The lower ITR brings greater energy dissipation in commensurate sliding, and the reason for that is more effective energy dissipation channels between the friction surfaces, making it easier for the excited phonons at the washboard frequency and its harmonics to transfer through the interface. Nevertheless, the vibrational frequencies of the interfacial atoms between the tip and substrate during the friction process do not match in incommensurate cases, and there is no effective energy transfer channel, thus presenting the higher ITR and lower friction. Eventually, the number of excited phonons on contact surfaces reveals the amount of frictional energy dissipation in different contact states.
Birefringent dielectric multi-foci metalens for polarization detection
Authors: Ren Zhi , Chang Siqi , Li Songtao , Wang Ruoxing 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
We propose a birefringent dielectric multi-foci metalens for polarization detection utilizing different transmission phases in two orthogonal directions, which consists of Si nanopillars with different sizes and more than 80% transmission efficiency. Implementing the superposition of the phase profiles in the x- and y-direction, the polarization states of the focal points include linear polarization state in the x-direction, linear polarization state in the y-direction, the incident polarization state, and the polarization state whose y-polarization component more shifted by π/2 compared with the incident polarization state. Based on the intensities of the deflected and converged focal points on the same focal plane, the full polarization information of the incident polarized light can be determined with an analyzer. The multiplexing design method with compact and efficient features renders this technique very attractive for polarization detection and information processing.
Mechanism analysis of field electron emission of titanium
Authors: Tan Nongchao , Wu Ping , Hua Ye , Sun Jun , Shi Lei , Huang Wenhui , Huang Wenhua 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Field electron emission (FEE) is generally considered to be closely correlated with radio frequency (RF) breakdown in accelerating structures and high-power microwave (HPM) devices. In this study, the field emission characteristics of titanium are investigated by using a field emission test system. With the increase of the number of field emission tests and stability tests, the repeatability of the field emission characteristic curve of titanium tends to be better, and the amplitude of the current oscillation in the stability tests gradually decreases, indicating that the field emission performance of titanium gradually becomes stable. Subsequently, the field emission characteristic curve of titanium is analyzed by adopting the field emission theory of metal microprotrusions. Combined with the analysis of the electric field enhancement effects caused by the surface morphology, the dominant effect of the metal microprotrusions on the FEE of titanium is excluded from the two aspects of the electric field enhancement factor and local maximum emission current density. At last, the field emission theory of dielectric micropoints is introduced to analyze the field emission characteristics of titanium. The electric field enhancement factor of 102 ∼ 103 are explained theoretically. Simultaneously, the reasonable effective emission area and local emission current density are given, which can better explain the field emission phenomena of titanium, such as the sharp decrease in emission current and repeatability of the field emission curve. Hence, it is revealed that the key factor that dominates the FEE of titanium is the dielectric impurities on the surface, rather than the metal microprotrusions.
Stability analysis of a non-singular fractional-order covid-19 model with nonlinear incidence and treatment rate
Authors: Joshi Hardik , Yavuz Mehmet , Townley Stuart , Jha Brajesh Kumar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, a non-singular SIR model with the Mittag-Leffler law is proposed. The nonlinear Beddington-DeAngelis infection rate and Holling type II treatment rate are used. The qualitative properties of the SIR model are discussed in detail. The local and global stability of the model are analyzed. Moreover, some conditions are developed to guarantee local and global asymptotic stability. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to support the theoretical results and used to analyze the impact of face masks, social distancing, quarantine, lockdown, immigration, treatment rate of the disease, and limitation in treatment resources on COVID-19. The graphical results show that face masks, social distancing, quarantine, lockdown, immigration, and effective treatment rates significantly reduce the infected population over time. In contrast, limitation in the availability of treatment raises the infected population.
Growth mechanisms of hBN crystalline nanostructures with rf sputtering deposition: challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives
Authors: Hoang Duc-Quang , Vu Ngoc-Hai , Nguyen Thanh-Qui , Hoang Thanh-Dung , Cao Xuan-Huu , Pham Dinh-Khang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Most hBN nanostructures were fabricated using the chemical method. However, growing by the physical method also has many advantages, they are easy to synthesize this material on a large area with up- scaling setups. Even two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride is similar to graphene structure, however there is a little work referring to the fabrication process of this material. Hence, a sufficiently detailed report on physically fabricated hBN materials is essential. This review analyzes the results that we have studied over the past ten years with the synthesis and fabrication of this material using physical vapor deposition - RF sputtering, incorporation with other techniques, strongly emphasized on growth mechanisms of this material.
Delayed teraelectronvolt emission from GRB 980425/SN 1998bw and the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays
Authors: Mirabal Nestor 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, E > 1018 eV) is one of the great mysteries of modern astrophysics. It has been suggested that UHECRs could be accelerated in
gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and engine-driven supernovae (SNe). Here we report the discovery of a 1.4 teraelectronvolt (TeV) photon offset 0.97° from the site of the nearby (36.9 megaparsecs) GRB 980425/SN 1998bw explosion.
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi
Gamma-ray Space Telescope detected the TeV emission on 17 November 2018, more than 20 years after the original GRB 980425/SN 1998bw trigger. TeV detections at high Galactic latitudes by the LAT are extremely rare, with an average of 6 events per year. We propose that the delayed TeV emission is consistent with ultra-high-energy cosmic rays and/or electron-positron pairs from GRB 980425/SN 1998bw being deflected by the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) and subsequently cascading into secondary gamma rays. Based on the arrival time delay of the TeV emission, we estimate an IGMF strength of order B ≃ 10-12–10-13 Gauss. This result supports the possibility of UHECR acceleration in GRB 980425/SN 1998bw and suggests that most detected UHECRs are produced in local GRB/SNe within 200 Mpc. In addition, secondary photons from UHECRs out to 0.9–31 Gpc may also offer an explanation for extragalactic background photons with energies
≥ 1 TeV detected by the Fermi LAT.
Active tunable terahertz bandwidth absorber based on single layer graphene
Authors: Li Wenxin , Yi Yingting , Yang Hua , Cheng Shubo , Yang Wenxing , Zhang Huafeng , Yi Zao , Yi Yougen , Li Hailiang 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
In this paper, an active tunable terahertz bandwidth absorber based on single-layer graphene is proposed, which consists of a graphene layer, a photo crystal plate, and a gold substrate. When the Fermi energy (E

f
) of graphene is 1.5 eV, the absorber shows high absorption in the range of 3.7 THz–8 THz, and the total absorption rate is 96.8%. By exploring the absorption mechanism of the absorber, the absorber shows excellent physical regulation. The absorber also shows good adjustability by changing the E

f
of graphene. This means that the absorber exhibits excellent tunability by adjusting the physical parameters and E

f
of the absorber. Meanwhile, the absorber is polarization independent and insensitive to the incident angle. The fine characteristics of the absorber mean that the absorber has superior application value in many fields such as biotechnology and space exploration.
Constraining the Temperature-density Relation of the Inter-galactic Medium from Analytically Modeling Lyα Forest Absorbers
Authors: Yang Li , Zheng Zheng , Kim T.-S. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The absorption by neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) produces the Lyα forest in the spectra of quasars. The Lyα forest absorbers have a broad distribution of neutral hydrogen column density N
H I and Doppler b parameter. The narrowest Lyα absorption lines (of lowest b) with neutral hydrogen column density above ∼1013cm−2 are dominated by thermal broadening, which can be used to constrain the thermal state of the IGM. Here we constrain the temperature-density relation

T
=

T

0

(
ρ

/

ρ

¯

)

γ
−
1

of the IGM at 1.6 < z < 3.6 by using N
H I and b parameters measured from 24 high-resolution and high-signal-to-noise quasar spectra and by employing an analytic model to model the N
H I-dependent low-b cutoff in the b distribution. In each N
H I bin, the b cutoff is estimated using two methods, one non-parametric method from computing the cumulative b distribution and a parametric method from fitting the full b distribution. We find that the IGM temperature T
0 at the mean gas density

ρ

¯

shows a peak of ∼1.5 × 104 K at z ∼ 2.7–2.9. At redshift higher than this, the index γ approximately remains constant, and it starts to increase toward lower redshifts. The evolution in both parameters is in good agreement with constraints from completely different approaches, which signals that He ii reionization completes around z ∼ 3.
Status of the Level-0 ATLAS barrel muon trigger for High-Luminosity LHC
Authors: Morodei F. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The Muon Spectrometer of the ATLAS detector will be substantially modified during the Phase-II Upgrade to cope with the higher particle rates and radiation levels of the High-Luminosity LHC. The entire trigger and readout electronics of the Resistive Plates Chambers will be replaced. The Resistive Plate Chambers’ hit data will be collected by on-detector Data Transmitter and Collector boards and will be sent off-detector to the Sector Logic boards, which will perform the Level-0 barrel muon trigger algorithm and the readout logic. This contribution presents the design of the Phase-II barrel muon trigger and data acquisition system and the development of the barrel Sector Logic board firmware and its challenges.
The NA62 level 0 calorimetric trigger fast readout implementation, commissioning and data taking performances
Authors: Ammendola R. , Battista D. , Paoluzzi G. , Salamon A. , Aliberti R. , Barbanera M. , Bonaiuto V. , Ceccucci A. , Checcucci B. , De Simone N. , Fantechi R. , Federici L. , Fucci A. , Lupi M. , Lurkin N. , Massri K. , Mirra M. , Parkinson C. , Pedreschi E. , Piandani R. , Piccini M. , Ruggiero G. , Ryjov V. , Salina G. , Sargeni F. , Sergi A. , Soldi D. , Spinella F. , Venditti S. , Zamkovsky M. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS aims to measure the branching ratio of the very rare kaon decay

K

+

→

π

+

ν

ν

¯

. The Calorimetric Level 0 Trigger identifies clusters in the electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters. Along with the trigger data sent to the L0 Trigger Processor, readout data is collected to be sent to the L1 software trigger. In this work we present the novel implementation of the readout data collection and forwarding system in the multiple layers of the calorimetric trigger structure. We will also present the commissioning of the system and the performance evaluation on current data taking.
Modern C++17 data pre-processing HLS Datflow Template Library
Authors: Janson T. , Kebschull U. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
Developing and implementing algorithms for detector read-out using FPGAs is traditionally done by using a hardware description language like VHDL, Verilog, or System Verilog. In the proposed approach here, we discuss an alternative way using higher level languages like the Intel HLS Compiler. Intel HLS supports C++17 standard and is ideal to apply methods from Modern C++ to implement complex algorithms more easily. In this work, we have developed a dataflow template library. This enables a shorter development time for increasingly complex algorithm requirements, which is also important for next-generation experiments in the future.
Research of transient temperature measuring based on thin-film thermocouple and Wi-Fi wireless DAQ method
Authors: Cui Y. , Xie Y. , Yin J. 
Published: February 2023

Abstract
The thin-film thermocouple temperature sensor is a new type
of temperature sensor which was emerged with the development of
thin-film materials. It features on a small heat capacity and a
rapid response speed for transient temperature measurement on the
surface of objects. The existing temperature data acquisition
systems for filamentary thermocouples do not yet meet the conditions
for distortion-free measurement of transient temperature signals in
terms of sampling frequency and transmission rate. In addition, it
is less flexible in terms of data transmission methods, while the
cold end of the thermocouple compensation method has not yet
compensated for the non-linear phenomenon of thermocouples, which
affects the final measurement accuracy. This paper devised a
wireless temperature data acquisition system for K-type thin-film
thermocouples using a Wi-Fi wireless network to transmit sampling
data, then applied the devised system as a data acquisition method
to investigate the measurement of transient temperatures in
conjunction with thin-film thermocouple sensors. The results of
performance test indicated that the devised system is capable of
transient temperature measurement of K-type thin-film thermocouples
in the range of 0–650°C with a maximum sampling rate of
100 kHz, a temperature resolution of 0.16 degrees Celsius, an
accuracy of 0.2% after non-linear compensation and the ability to
measure transient temperature signals with a maximum frequency
component of 25 kHz. Taken advantage of the devised wireless data
acquisition system to measure the impulse response of a thin-film
thermocouple sensor specimen, the meausured response curve is
consistent with the law of first-order system, and the time constant
of the sensor was obtained as approximately 1.16 ms. A comparison
between the existing data acquisition apparatuses of type K
thermocouple was made. The limitations of the devised system are
also discussed.