bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Years Follow-up of Opsoclonus–Myoclonus–Ataxia Syndrome-Associated Neurogenic Tumors in Children
Authors: Aktekin Elif Habibe , Gezer Hasan Özkan , Yazıcı Nalan , Erol İlknur , Erbay Ayşe , Sarıalioğlu Faik 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
Aim Opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndrome (OMAS) is a rare autoimmune disorder. Approximately half of the cases are associated with neuroblastoma in children. This study's aim is to review management of our cases with OMAS-associated neuroblastoma for treatment approach as well as long-term follow-up.
Methods Age at onset of symptoms and tumor diagnosis, tumor location, histopathology, stage, chemotherapy, OMAS protocol, surgery, and follow-up period were evaluated retrospectively in six patients between 2007 and 2022.
Results Mean age of onset of OMAS findings was 13.5 months and mean age at tumor diagnosis was 15.1 months. Tumor was located at thorax in three patients and surrenal in others. Four patients underwent primary surgery. Histopathological diagnosis was ganglioneuroblastoma in three, neuroblastoma in two, and undifferentiated neuroblastoma in one. One patient was considered as stage 1 and rest of them as stage 2. Chemotherapy was provided in five cases. The OMAS protocol was applied to five patients. Our protocol is intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/kg/d for 2 consecutive days once a month and dexamethasone for 5 days (20 mg/m2/d for 1–2 days, 10 mg/m2/d for 3–4 days, and 5 mg/m2/d for the fifth day) once a month, alternatively by 2-week intervals. Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.1 years. Neuropsychiatric sequelae were detected in two patients.
Conclusion In tumor-related cases, alternating use of corticosteroid and IVIG for suppression of autoimmunity as the OMAS protocol, total excision of the tumor as soon as possible, and chemotherapeutics in selected patients seem to be related to resolution of acute problems, long-term sequelae, and severity.
The hard and complex work of implementing new multi-agency risk assessment approaches to policing domestic abuse
Authors: Davies Pamela , Barlow Charlotte , Fish Rebecca 
Published: April 2023

AbstractIn the period since multi-agency working became the dominant approach to tackling domestic abuse, there has been ongoing development and innovation. However, little is known about what tends to enhance or inhibit the roll-out of such initiatives. This article examines the process of building an enhanced flagship multi-agency model for policing domestic abuse. We report on results from semi-structured interviews, observations of meetings and an online survey with stakeholders who were involved in the development of the principles underlying a new multi-agency risk assessment conference (MARAC) process. The participants representatives from policing, third sector, health, and probation organisation-described positive benefits of the process, whilst challenges coalesced around the focus on and engagement of perpetrators, and the problem of assessing the dynamics of risk.
Regional powers and the politics of scale
Authors: Prys-Hansen Miriam , Burilkov Alexandr , Kolmaš Michal 
Published: April 2023

AbstractThis article discusses the usefulness of studying regional powers through a ‘politics-of-scale’ lens. We argue that this approach, borrowed from political geography, helps to better understand whether and how actors navigate the complex landscape of ‘scales’ in international politics. The combination of regional powers literature with political geography allows us to grasp the unexplored nuances of how power behaviour transcends regional and global levels and what actors (beyond the state) and processes constitute it. We test the empirical applicability of ‘politics-of-scale’ with the help of two country studies within the field of environmental politics: Japan, whose regional power status has been contested, but has used cooperation in the field of environment to establish itself as a regional leader within different spaces of its neighbourhood and Australia, which has reconstructed its climate regionalism in order support domestic politics and related to important domestic interest groups.
Fabrication of ultrashort sub-meter-radius x-ray mirrors using dynamic stencil deposition with figure correction
Authors: Shimamura Takenori , Takeo Yoko , Kimura Takashi , Perrin François , Vivo Amparo , Senba Yasunori , Kishimoto Hikaru , Ohashi Haruhiko , Mimura Hidekazu 
Published: April 2023

This paper presents nanometer-scale production and metrology methods for elliptic-cylindrical x-ray mirrors with an unprecedentedly small tangential radius of curvature of 160 mm. Sub-millimeter-scale figure correction is conducted based on dynamic stencil deposition. The deposition flux through one or two shadow masks is examined by a comparison to a simple model. The masked deposition flux distribution is improved, leading to film thickness profiles that are 50 times sharper in terms of aspect ratio than those obtained using existing differential deposition approaches. Surface roughness deterioration is also effectively suppressed. A 2-mm-long 160-mm-radius mirror is produced with a width of 10 mm and measured using simple interferometry. The results are confirmed by conventional mirror metrology, contact profilometry, and x-ray ptychography. The x-ray focusing profile is diffraction-limited with a 142-nm focus size at a photon energy of 300 eV. The proposed methods have the potential to enhance the ultraprecise fabrication of highly curved mirrors, thus benefiting nanoscale photon-hungry x-ray techniques.
Correlated ion-(ion/neutral) time of flight mass spectrometer
Authors: Abdoul-Carime H. , Mounier F. , Charlieux F. , André H. 
Published: April 2023

The fragmentation of molecular systems into ions and neutral species is ubiquitous in fundamental and applied science. While the ion fragments are relatively easily detected by mass spectrometry technique, the information on the neutral product that is formed in correlation is challenging. In this contribution, we present a detailed description of the correlated ion-(ion/neutral) time of flight mass spectrometer, which is dedicated to the study of molecular dissociation induced by electrons at low energies (&lt;20 eV). This new mass spectrometer uptakes the challenge to provide the correlation of ion/neural species produced in low energy electron-molecule collision processes.
Crystallinity engineering for overcoming the activity–stability tradeoff of spinel oxide in Fenton-like catalysis
Authors: Guo Zhi-Yan , Sun Rongbo , Huang Zixiang , Han Xiao , Wang Haoran , Chen Cai , Liu Yu-Qin , Zheng Xusheng , Zhang Wenjun , Hong Xun , Li Wen-Wei 
Published: April 2023

A precise modulation of heterogeneous catalysts in structural and surface properties promises the development of more sustainable advanced oxidation water purification technologies. However, while catalysts with superior decontamination activity and selectivity are already achievable, maintaining a long-term service life of such materials remains challenging. Here, we propose a crystallinity engineering strategy to break the activity–stability tradeoff of metal oxides in Fenton-like catalysis. The amorphous/crystalline cobalt-manganese spinel oxide (A/C-CoMnO
x
) provided highly active, hydroxyl group-rich surface, with moderate peroxymonosulfate (PMS)-binding affinity and charge transfer energy and strong pollutant adsorption, to trigger concerted radical and nonradical reactions for efficient pollutant mineralization, thereby alleviating the catalyst passivation by oxidation intermediate accumulation. Meanwhile, the surface-confined reactions, benefited from the enhanced adsorption of pollutants at A/C interface, rendered the A/C-CoMnO
x
/PMS system ultrahigh PMS utilization efficiency (82.2%) and unprecedented decontamination activity (rate constant of 1.48 min
−1
) surpassing almost all the state-of-the-art heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts. The superior cyclic stability and environmental robustness of the system for real water treatment was also demonstrated. Our work unveils a critical role of material crystallinity in modulating the Fenton-like catalytic activity and pathways of metal oxides, which fundamentally improves our understanding of the structure–activity–selectivity relationships of heterogeneous catalysts and may inspire material design for more sustainable water purification application and beyond.
Cofunctioning of bacterial exometabolites drives root microbiota establishment
Authors: Getzke Felix , Hassani M. Amine , Crüsemann Max , Malisic Milena , Zhang Pengfan , Ishigaki Yuji , Böhringer Nils , Jiménez Fernández Alicia , Wang Lei , Ordon Jana , Ma Ka-Wai , Thiergart Thorsten , Harbort Christopher J. , Wesseler Hidde , Miyauchi Shingo , Garrido-Oter Ruben , Shirasu Ken , Schäberle Till F. , Hacquard Stéphane , Schulze-Lefert Paul 
Published: April 2023

Soil-dwelling microbes are the principal inoculum for the root microbiota, but our understanding of microbe–microbe interactions in microbiota establishment remains fragmentary. We tested 39,204 binary interbacterial interactions for inhibitory activities in vitro, allowing us to identify taxonomic signatures in bacterial inhibition profiles. Using genetic and metabolomic approaches, we identified the antimicrobial 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) and the iron chelator pyoverdine as exometabolites whose combined functions explain most of the inhibitory activity of the strongly antagonistic
Pseudomonas brassicacearum
R401. Microbiota reconstitution with a core of
Arabidopsis thaliana
root commensals in the presence of wild-type or mutant strains revealed a root niche-specific cofunction of these exometabolites as root competence determinants and drivers of predictable changes in the root-associated community. In natural environments, both the corresponding biosynthetic operons are enriched in roots, a pattern likely linked to their role as iron sinks, indicating that these cofunctioning exometabolites are adaptive traits contributing to pseudomonad pervasiveness throughout the root microbiota.
Effect of radial-shear rolling on particle's morphology and mechanical properties of AA7075 alloy
Authors: Gamin Yury , Akopyan Torgom , Kin Tatiana , Galkin Sergey , Aleshchenko Aleksander 
Published: April 2023

Effect of radial shear rolling on the morphology of intermetallic particles, and the mechanical properties of 7075 alloy at different processing temperatures and heat treatment after deformation was investigated. The results were consistent with data on metallographic investigation of phase particle shape, counts, and distribution. It was found that the formation, quantitative distribution, and circularity of particles at the surface and in the centre of the bar depended on the processing temperature and temperature gradient between surface and centre and were defined with a scheme of stresses in the deformation zone. The values of strength properties for all bars obtained by RSR depended on the processing regimes, while plasticity (elongation to failure δ = 14%–20%) increased with the growth of processing temperature. Article highlights Radial shear rolling makes it possible to obtain aluminium alloy bars with a gradient structure and a combination of high strength and ductility. The influence of the RSR method is reflected in the nature of the distribution of dispersive particles in the matrix of alloy. Mechanical properties of bars subjected to the RSR method depend on the initial processing regimes, while the level of plasticity increases with the growth of processing temperature.
Effects of rare earth elements on AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy
Authors: Gu Ze-Hao , Nong Zhi-Sheng , Su Kan , Wang Ji-Jie , Zhu Jing-Chuan 
Published: April 2023

In order to explore the effect of rare earth elements (REEs) on the eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs), 0.2 atomic per cent of Sc, Y, and La elements were added to the AlCoCrFeNi2.1(REE0) EHEA in this work. The phase composition, element distribution, electrochemical properties and mechanical properties of the alloys were analysed. The results showed that the AlCoCrFeNi2.1-based HEAs are still composed of Co, Cr, Fe (face-centred cubic)-rich phase and Al, Ni (face-centred cubic)-rich phase. After Sc, Y, La were added, Ni2Sc, Al2Y, Al2La and other intermetallics were formed in the AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy. In addition, it was proved that Y element can promote the formation of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase. AlCoCrFeNi2.1Y0.2(Y0.2) alloy has excellent corrosion resistance. AlCoCrFeNi2.1Sc0.2(Sc0.2) alloy has the best mechanical properties. HIGHLIGHTS With the addition of rare earth elements, the face-centred cubic phase and the B2 phase still exist in the alloy. In addition, there are intermetallics in the alloys. Combined with first-principles calculations, it was determined that the Laves phases in AlCoCrFeNi2.1Y0.2 alloy may be Al2Y, Al3Y or AlY. The Laves phase in the AlCoCrFeNi2.1La0.2 alloy may be Al2La, Al3La or LaNi5. The addition of Y element can promote the formation of HCP phase in AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy. The generated HCP phase occupies the position of the original B2 phase. Y element can also improve corrosion resistance. The Vickers hardness of AlCoCrFeNi2.1Sc0.2 alloy is 20% higher than that of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 alloy, while the compressive strength of 1897 MPa and the compressive deformation of 26% are retained.
ARMO: automated and reliable multi-objective model for lymph node metastasis prediction in head and neck cancer
Authors: Zhou Zhiguo , Chen Liyuan , Dohopolski Michael , Sher David , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Accurate diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) is critical in treatment management for patients with head and neck cancer. Positron emission tomography and computed tomography are routinely used for identifying LNM status. However, for small or less fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid nodes, there are always uncertainties in LNM diagnosis. We are aiming to develop a reliable prediction model is for identifying LNM. Approach. In this study, a new automated and reliable multi-objective learning model (ARMO) is proposed. In ARMO, a multi-objective model is introduced to obtain balanced sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, confidence is calibrated by introducing individual reliability, whilst the model uncertainty is estimated by a newly defined overall reliability in ARMO. In the training stage, a Pareto-optimal model set is generated. Then all the Pareto-optimal models are used, and a reliable fusion strategy that introduces individual reliability is developed for calibrating the confidence of each output. The overall reliability is calculated to estimate the model uncertainty for each test sample. Main results. The experimental results demonstrated that ARMO obtained more promising results, which the area under the curve, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity can achieve 0.97, 0.93, 0.88 and 0.94, respectively. Meanwhile, based on calibrated confidence and overall reliability, clinicians could pay particular attention to highly uncertain predictions. Significance. In this study, we developed a unified model that can achieve balanced prediction, confidence calibration and uncertainty estimation simultaneously. The experimental results demonstrated that ARMO can obtain accurate and reliable prediction performance.
Patient-specific neural networks for contour propagation in online adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Smolders A , Lomax A , Weber DC , Albertini F 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. fast and accurate contouring of daily 3D images is a prerequisite for online adaptive radiotherapy. Current automatic techniques rely either on contour propagation with registration or deep learning (DL) based segmentation with convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Registration lacks general knowledge about the appearance of organs and traditional methods are slow. CNNs lack patient-specific details and do not leverage the known contours on the planning computed tomography (CT). This works aims to incorporate patient-specific information into CNNs to improve their segmentation accuracy. Approach. patient-specific information is incorporated into CNNs by retraining them solely on the planning CT. The resulting patient-specific CNNs are compared to general CNNs and rigid and deformable registration for contouring of organs-at-risk and target volumes in the thorax and head-and-neck regions. Results. patient-specific fine-tuning of CNNs significantly improves contour accuracy compared to standard CNNs. The method further outperforms rigid registration and a commercial DL segmentation software and yields similar contour quality as deformable registration (DIR). It is additionally 7–10 times faster than DIR. Significance. patient-specific CNNs are a fast and accurate contouring technique, enhancing the benefits of adaptive radiotherapy.
Experimental evaluation of convolutional neural network-based inter-crystal scattering recovery for high-resolution PET detectors
Authors: Lee Seungeun , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. One major limiting factor for achieving high resolution of positron emission tomography (PET) is a Compton scattering of the photon within the crystal, also known as inter-crystal scattering (ICS). We proposed and evaluated a convolutional neural network (CNN) named ICS-Net to recover ICS in light-sharing detectors for real implementations preceded by simulations. ICS-Net was designed to estimate the first-interacted row or column individually from the 8 × 8 photosensor amplitudes. Approach. We tested 8 × 8, 12 × 12, and 21 × 21 Lu2SiO5 arrays with pitches of 3.2, 2.1, and 1.2 mm, respectively. We first performed simulations to measure the accuracies and error distances, comparing the results to previously studied pencil-beam-based CNN to investigate the rationality of implementing fan-beam-based ICS-Net. For experimental implementation, the training dataset was prepared by obtaining coincidences between the targeted row or column of the detector and a slab crystal on a reference detector. ICS-Net was applied to the detector pair measurements with moving a point source from the edge to center using automated stage to evaluate their intrinsic resolutions. We finally assessed the spatial resolution of the PET ring. Main results. The simulation results showed that ICS-Net improved the accuracy compared with the case without recovery, reducing the error distance. ICS-Net outperformed a pencil-beam CNN, which provided a rationale to implement a simplified fan-beam irradiation. With the experimentally trained ICS-Net, the degree of improvements in intrinsic resolutions were 20%, 31%, and 62% for the 8 × 8, 12 × 12, and 21 × 21 arrays, respectively. The impact was also shown in the ring acquisitions, achieving improvements of 11%–46%, 33%–50%, and 47%–64% (values differed from the radial offset) in volume resolutions of 8 × 8, 12 × 12, and 21 × 21 arrays, respectively. Significance. The experimental results demonstrate that ICS-Net can effectively improve the image quality of high-resolution PET using a small crystal pitch, requiring a simplified setup for training dataset acquisition.
Stable interaction-induced Anderson-like localization embedded in standing waves
Authors: Zhang Na , Ke Yongguan , Lin Ling , Zhang Li , Lee Chaohong 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
We uncover the interaction-induced stable self-localization of few bosons in finite-size disorder-free superlattices. In these nonthermalized multi-particle states, one of the particles forms a superposition of multiple standing waves, so that it provides a quasi-random potential to localize the other particles. We derive effective Hamiltonians for self-localized states and find their energy level spacings obeying the Poisson statistics. The spatial distribution of the localized particles decays exponentially, which is refered to Anderson-like localization (ALL). Surprisingly, we find that the correlated self-localization can be solely induced by interaction in the well-studied Bose–Hubbard models, which has been overlooked for a long time. We propose a dynamical scheme to detect self-localization, where long-time quantum walks of a single particle form a superposition of multiple standing waves for trapping the subsequently loaded particles. Our work provides an experimentally feasible way to realize stable ALL in translation-invariant disorder-free few-body systems.
Event-related causality in stereo-EEG discriminates syntactic processing of noun phrases and verb phrases
Authors: Cometa Andrea , d’Orio Piergiorgio , Revay Martina , Bottoni Franco , Repetto Claudia , Russo Giorgio Lo , Cappa Stefano F , Moro Andrea , Micera Silvestro , Artoni Fiorenzo 
Published: April 2023

Abstract

Objective. Syntax involves complex neurobiological mechanisms, which are difficult to disentangle for multiple reasons. Using a protocol able to separate syntactic information from sound information we investigated the neural causal connections evoked by the processing of homophonous phrases, i.e. with the same acoustic information but with different syntactic content. These could be either verb phrases (VP) or noun phrases. Approach. We used event-related causality from stereo-electroencephalographic recordings in ten epileptic patients in multiple cortical and subcortical areas, including language areas and their homologous in the non-dominant hemisphere. The recordings were made while the subjects were listening to the homophonous phrases. Main results. We identified the different networks involved in the processing of these syntactic operations (faster in the dominant hemisphere) showing that VPs engage a wider cortical and subcortical network. We also present a proof-of-concept for the decoding of the syntactic category of a perceived phrase based on causality measures. Significance. Our findings help unravel the neural correlates of syntactic elaboration and show how a decoding based on multiple cortical and subcortical areas could contribute to the development of speech prostheses for speech impairment mitigation.
Validating neutral-beam current drive simulations in the TJ-II stellarator
Authors: Mulas S. , Cappa Á. , Martínez-Fernández J. , López Bruna D. , Velasco J.L. , Estrada T. , Gómez-Manchón J.M. , Liniers M. , McCarthy K.J. , Pastor I. , Medina F. , Ascasíbar E. 
Published: April 2023

Abstract
In this paper, we analyze the results of neutral-beam current drive (NBCD) experiments performed in the TJ-II stellarator with the aim of validating the theoretical predictions. Both parallel and anti-parallel injection with respect to the magnetic field were explored using co (NBI1) and counter (NBI2) beams at different injected beam power and plasma densities. The fast-ion current driven by both beams was simulated with the Monte Carlo code ASCOT and the electron response to the fast-ion current was calculated analytically using a model valid for an arbitrary magnetic configuration and a low collisionality plasma. Despite the uncertainties associated to the determination of experimental inputs, the model reproduces with rather good agreement the toroidal current measured in NBI2 plasmas. However, the current driven by NBI1 is less than half the predicted one. Possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. Among the probable causes, yet to be studied, the most likely is the increased presence of lithium in the plasma when NBI1 is injected, this being the result of its irregular deposition during wall conditioning.