bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NATO/US false‐flag attacks in Europe
Authors: Griffin David Ray , Cobb Clifford W. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractFalse flag operations are acts of deception carried out by government officials to blame other countries or political groups for an attack against the nation with the aim of stirring up a desire for retribution against the supposed perpetrator. Since the effectiveness of a false‐flag operation depends on preventing the truth from becoming widely known, it is impossible to know how often such operations have been carried out. Nevertheless, some historical events have been revealed in time, so we can better understand how they operate. The focus here is on false‐flag operations in Western Europe and Turkey, carried out as part of the Gladio program during the Cold War under the supervision of the CIA. In each case, the CIA persuaded NATO members to recruit right‐wing operatives to engage in terrorist actions and then blame the resulting deaths on left‐wing groups, mostly communists. In this way, the United States used deception and terror to prevent communists from gaining power in Europe after World War II.
Does Differentiated Key Audit Matter in Unqualified Audit Reports Indicate Increased Financial Misstatement Risk? Evidence from China*
Authors: Ma Qianqun , Zhou Jianan , Wang Kongwen , Wang Qi 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThis study examines whether differentiated disclosure of key audit matter (KAM) in China indicates a higher financial misstatement risk. Our empirical study demonstrates that financial statements with less boilerplate KAM are more likely to be subsequently restated than those with more boilerplate KAM. This association is only pronounced for smaller auditing firms in stronger legal environments. Additionally, auditors who report differentiated KAM are likely to disclose more risk‐related information. Moreover, clients are more likely to restate financial reports when the KAM relates to managers' subjective estimations.
Time‐restricted eating for chronodisruption‐related chronic diseases
Authors: Cheng Wai‐Yin , Desmet Louis , Depoortere Inge 
Published: August 2023

AbstractThe circadian timing system enables organisms to adapt their physiology and behavior to the cyclic environmental changes including light–dark cycle or food availability. Misalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues is known as chronodisruption and is closely associated with the development of metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Time‐restricted eating (TRE, in human) is an emerging dietary approach for weight management. Recent studies have shown that TRE or time‐restricted feeding (TRF, when referring to animals) has several beneficial health effects, which, however, are not limited to weight management. This review summarizes the effects of TRE/TRF on regulating energy metabolism, gut microbiota and homeostasis, development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Furthermore, we will address the role of circadian clocks in TRE/TRF and propose ways to optimize TRE as a dietary strategy to obtain maximal health benefits.
Unintended impact of pharmacovigilance regulatory interventions: A systematic review
Authors: Lasys Tomas , Santa‐Ana‐Tellez Yared , Siiskonen Satu J. , Groenwold Rolf H. H. , Gardarsdottir Helga 
Published: August 2023

AimsStudies assessing the impact of pharmacovigilance regulatory interventions often focus on the expected (or intended) outcomes, while any possible unintended impact may be overlooked. The update of the Good Pharmacovigilance Practice guideline in 2017 elaborated on impact assessment, emphasizing the need also to assess possible unintended impact. This systematic literature review investigated how often the unintended impact of regulatory interventions was considered in publications of studies investigating pharmacovigilance regulatory interventions in Europe.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the literature on MEDLINE and EMBASE from 1 January 2012 to 28 February 2022 to identify publications that investigated the impact of regulatory interventions in Europe. The primary outcome of the study was the number of publications reporting assessments of unintended impact. In addition, we studied the characteristics of these publications, including the type of outcomes assessed, the analytical methods applied and the type of data used.ResultsIn total, 96 publications were included in the analysis. The unintended impact of pharmacovigilance regulatory interventions was investigated in 23 of 96 publications (24%). The drug classes most frequently studied in the publications assessing unintended impact of regulatory interventions were oral glucose‐lowering drugs (n = 6, 26%), opioids (n = 4, 17%), antidepressants (n = 4, 17%) and antipsychotics (n = 3, 13%). The reported methods to assess the unintended impact were interrupted time series (n = 10, 43%) and descriptive statistics with or without significance testing (n = 2 [9%] and n = 9 [39%], respectively). The outcomes selected for unintended impact assessments included the use of other drugs (n = 16, 70%), health outcomes (n = 8, 35%) and behavioural changes (n = 4, 17%). Most of the publications reported on the use of electronic health record databases (n = 13, 57%) or claims databases (n = 13, 57%), while registries were used in 4 publications (17%).ConclusionThe unintended impact of pharmacovigilance regulatory interventions was reported in only a quarter of identified publications. There was no apparent increase in attention to unintended impact assessments after the update of the Good Pharmacovigilance Practice guidelines.
Bio‐evaluation of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid nanoparticles loaded with radiolabelled rifampicin
Authors: Rather Imran , Shafiq Nusrat , Shukla Jaya , Kaur Gurvinder , Pandey Somit , Bhandari Ritika Kondel , Pandey Avaneesh Kumar , Mittal B. R. , Khuller G. K. , Sharma Navneet , Malhotra Samir 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAimsThe poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles of tubercular drugs have been demonstrated to have a sustained release profile over 7 days. There is no information on the location or mode of release of these nanoparticles in living systems. Therefore, we have planned the study to explore the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of PLGA rifampicin nanoparticles in healthy human volunteers. We aim to study the distribution pattern of PLGA‐loaded nano‐formulation of radiolabelled rifampicin in humans.MethodsRifampicin was labelled with 99mTc by indirect method and nanoparticles were prepared by a single emulsion evaporation method. To investigate the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles, a single dose of 450 mg of rifampicin was administered orally to healthy human volunteers divided into two different groups.ResultsFollowing a single oral dosage of the rifampicin nanoformulation, the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were significantly different between the nanoparticle and conventional groups: area under the concentration–time curve (AUC = 113.8 vs. 58.6; P < .001), mean residence time (MRT = 16.2 vs. 5.8; P < .01) and elimination rate constant (Ke = 0.04 vs. 0.10; P < .05). Also, Single‐photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images revealed biodistribution of nanoparticles in the distal portions of the intestine, which is consistent with our dosimetry analysis.ConclusionsSignificant difference in PK parameters and biodistribution of nanoparticles in spleen and lymph nodes with maximum deposition were observed in the large intestine. The nanoparticle distribution pattern may be advantageous for the treatment of intestinal or lymph node tuberculosis (TB) and has the potential to result in a lower dose of rifampicin nanoformulation for the treatment of pulmonary TB.
Pre‐transplant and longitudinal changes in faecal microbiome characteristics are associated with subsequent development of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: El Jurdi Najla , Holtan Shernan G. , Hoeschen Andrea , Velguth Jessica , Hillmann Benjamin , Betts Brian C. , MacMillan Margaret L. , Weisdorf Daniel J. , Khoruts Alexander , Rashidi Armin , Shields‐Cutler Robin 
Published: August 2023

SummaryThe role of the gastrointestinal microbiome in predisposing to chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD), an immune‐mediated haematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) complication, is not well defined. We examined the relationship of the host faecal microbiome with subsequent cGVHD development by analysing baseline stool samples as well as post‐HCT changes in microbiome composition and metabolite pathway analyses. We analysed pre‐transplant baseline samples from 11 patients who subsequently developed cGVHD compared to 13 controls who did not develop acute GVHD or cGVHD at any time. We found a significant differential abundance of multiple taxa at baseline between cGVHD versus controls, including the Actinobacteria phylum and Clostridium genus. A subgroup analysis of longitudinal samples within each patient revealed a greater loss of alpha diversity from baseline to post‐engraftment in patients who subsequently developed cGVHD. Metabolic pathways analysis revealed that two pathways associated with short‐chain fatty acid metabolism were enriched in cGVHD patient microbiomes: β‐oxidation and acyl‐CoA synthesis, and γ‐aminobutyrate shunt. In contrast, a tryptophan catabolism pathway was enriched in controls. Our findings show a distinct pattern of baseline microbiome and metabolic capacity that may play a role in modulating alloreactivity in patients developing cGVHD. These findings support the therapeutic potential of microbiome manipulation for cGVHD prevention.
Space‐for‐time substitutions in climate change ecology and evolution
Authors: Lovell Rebecca S. L. , Collins Sinead , Martin Simon H. , Pigot Alex L. , Phillimore Albert B. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIn an epoch of rapid environmental change, understanding and predicting how biodiversity will respond to a changing climate is an urgent challenge. Since we seldom have sufficient long‐term biological data to use the past to anticipate the future, spatial climate–biotic relationships are often used as a proxy for predicting biotic responses to climate change over time. These ‘space‐for‐time substitutions’ (SFTS) have become near ubiquitous in global change biology, but with different subfields largely developing methods in isolation. We review how climate‐focussed SFTS are used in four subfields of ecology and evolution, each focussed on a different type of biotic variable – population phenotypes, population genotypes, species' distributions, and ecological communities. We then examine the similarities and differences between subfields in terms of methods, limitations and opportunities. While SFTS are used for a wide range of applications, two main approaches are applied across the four subfields: spatial in situ gradient methods and transplant experiments. We find that SFTS methods share common limitations relating to (i) the causality of identified spatial climate–biotic relationships and (ii) the transferability of these relationships, i.e. whether climate–biotic relationships observed over space are equivalent to those occurring over time. Moreover, despite widespread application of SFTS in climate change research, key assumptions remain largely untested. We highlight opportunities to enhance the robustness of SFTS by addressing key assumptions and limitations, with a particular emphasis on where approaches could be shared between the four subfields.
Abnormalities in Clostridioides and related metabolites before ACTH treatment may be associated with its efficacy in patients with infantile epileptic spasm syndrome
Authors: Wan Lin , Shi Xiuyu , Yan Huimin , Liang Yan , Liu Xinting , Zhu Gang , Zhang Jing , Wang Jing , Wang Mingbang , Yang Guang 
Published: August 2023

AbstractObjectiveAdrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is the first‐line treatment of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS). Its reported effectiveness varies, and our current understanding regarding the role of gut microbiota composition in IESS treatment response is limited. This study assessed the microbiome–metabolome association to understand the role and mechanism of gut microbiota composition in IESS treatment outcomes.MethodsChildren with IESS undergoing ACTH treatment were enrolled. Pre‐treatment stool and serum samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The children were divided into “responsive” and “non‐responsive” groups, and gut microbiota and serum metabolome differences were analyzed.ResultsOf the 30 patients with IESS, 14 responded to ACTH and 16 did not. The “non‐responsive” group had larger maleficent Clostridioides and Peptoclostridium_phage_p630P populations (linear discriminant analysis >2; false discovery rate q < 0.05). Ten metabolites were upregulated (e.g., xanthurenic acid) and 15 were downregulated (e.g., vanillylmandelic acid) (p < 0.05). Association analysis of the gut microbiome and serum metabolome revealed that Clostridioides and Peptoclostridium_phage_p630P2 were positively correlated with linoleic and xanthurenic acids, while Clostridioides was negatively correlated with vanillylmandelic acid (p < 0.05). A classifier using differential gut bacteria and metabolites achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.906 to distinguish responders from non‐responders.ConclusionThis study found significant differences in pre‐treatment gut microbiota and serum metabolome between children with IESS who responded to ACTH and those who did not. Additional exploration may provide valuable information for treatment selection and potential interventions. Our results suggest that varying ACTH responses in patients with IESS may be associated with increased gut Clostridioides bacteria and kynurenine pathway alteration, but additional experiments are needed to verify this association.
Prothrombin consumption as an indicator of hemorrhagic phenotype in mild platelet function disorders
Authors: Babuty Antoine , Debord Camille , Drillaud Nicolas , Eveillard Marion , Trossaert Marc , Ternisien Catherine , Sigaud Marianne , Cador Emmanuelle , Béné Marie C. , Fouassier Marc 
Published: August 2023

AbstractBackgroundThe bleeding risk of patients with mild platelet function disorders is difficult to assess and their phenotype remains ill‐explored.AimThis study was designed to establish a comprehensive biological phenotype of patients with mild platelet function disorders.MethodsTwenty patients were included with persistent abnormal light transmission aggregometry (LTA). The ISTH bleeding assessment tool (ISTH‐BAT) was assessed to identify laboratory analyses associated with an abnormal hemorrhagic score.ResultsThe majority of patients had defects that might affect Gαi protein signaling pathways or minor abnormalities. No LTA nor flow cytometry parameters were associated with an above‐normal hemorrhagic score. However, prothrombin consumption, which corresponds to the ratio of serum residual factor II to plasma residual factor II, was significantly higher (p = .006) in the abnormal ISTH‐BAT group (mean = 14%, SD = 6) compared with the normal ISTH‐BAT group (mean = 8%, SD 4). Prothrombin consumption was significantly associated with ISTH‐BAT score (r = .5287, IC 95% 0.0986–0.7924, p = .0165).ConclusionIn this group of patients, there was an association between a pathological bleeding score and increased prothrombin consumption. This test could be used as an additional indicator of platelet function abnormality liable to be related to bleeding risk.
Classification of single‐cell cervical pap smear images using EfficientNet
Authors: Rastogi Priyanka , Khanna Kavita , Singh Vijendra 
Published: August 2023

AbstractCervical cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in developing nations like India. The automated cervical cancer screening systems play a critical role in diagnosing the ailment at an early stage. They can also assist in routine cervical cancer screening and decision‐making processes. The underlying binary classifier for detecting cancerous cells is necessary for building computerized screening systems. Thus, this work aims to develop a robust binary classifier capable of classifying single cervical cells as normal and cancerous. The current work aims to improvise the EfficientNet‐B7 with empirical resolution parameters and skilful consolidation of the outcomes of the inner layers using the global pooling layer to improve the binary classification result. The proposed model is trained and evaluated on three independent pap smear datasets. The class activation heatmap visualizes the classification model for better interpretability. The performance of the autonomous classification tasks indicates that the deep learning‐based binary classifier is robust in classifying cancerous cells as it achieves accuracy of 94% on Herlev Dataset which is 2% higher than the other state‐of‐the‐art methods and comparable accuracy of nearly 99% on other cervical cell datasets using the proposed methodology.
Evaluation of the anti‐inflammatory effect of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives
Authors: Facchin Bruno Matheus , Lubschinski Tainá Larissa , Moon Yeo Jim Kinoshita , de Oliveira Paula Giarola Fragoso , Beck Bianca Klafke , da Silva Buss Ziliani , Pollo Luiz Antonio Escorteganha , Biavatti Maique Weber , Sandjo Louis Pergaud , Dalmarco Eduardo Monguilhott 
Published: August 2023

AbstractIntroductionInflammation is a physiological event that protects the organism against different factors that lead to loss of tissue homeostasis. Dihydropyridine (DHP) derivatives are heterocyclic compounds known for their different biological activities, including anti‐inflammatory activities.ObjectiveTo evaluate the anti‐inflammatory activity of 1,4‐dihydropyridine (1,4‐DHP) derivatives using anti‐inflammatory models in vitro, in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in vivo using the acute lung injury (ALI) model in mice.ResultsFifteen compounds derived from 1,4‐DHP were tested in RAW264.7 cells for their cytotoxic effect and cell viability. Thereafter, only the six compounds that showed the highest cell viability were tested for the production or inhibition of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL‐6). The best compound (compound 4) was tested for its anti‐inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo, showing inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), pro‐inflammatory cytokines, increased phagocytic activity, and an increase in IL‐10 in vitro. In in vivo tests, compound 4 also reduces the levels of NO, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, leukocyte migration, and exudation, as well as reducing the levels of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and IL‐6 and preventing the loss in the lung architecture.ConclusionThis compound showed important anti‐inflammatory activity, with a significant ability to reduce the production of pro‐inflammatory mediators and increase the phagocytic activity of macrophages and anti‐inflammatory mediator secretion (IL‐10). These findings led us to hypothesize that this compound can repolarize the macrophage response to an anti‐inflammatory profile (M2). Moreover, it was also able to maintain its anti‐inflammatory activity in vivo experiments.
Hijacking homeostasis: Regulation of the tumor microenvironment by apoptosis
Authors: Gregory Christopher D. 
Published: August 2023

SummaryCancers are genetically driven, rogue tissues which generate dysfunctional, obdurate organs by hijacking normal, homeostatic programs. Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved regulated cell death program and a profoundly important homeostatic mechanism that is common (alongside tumor cell proliferation) in actively growing cancers, as well as in tumors responding to cytotoxic anti‐cancer therapies. Although well known for its cell‐autonomous tumor‐suppressive qualities, apoptosis harbors pro‐oncogenic properties which are deployed through non‐cell‐autonomous mechanisms and which generally remain poorly defined. Here, the roles of apoptosis in tumor biology are reviewed, with particular focus on the secreted and fragmentation products of apoptotic tumor cells and their effects on tumor‐associated macrophages, key supportive cells in the aberrant homeostasis of the tumor microenvironment. Historical aspects of cell loss in tumor growth kinetics are considered and the impact (and potential impact) on tumor growth of apoptotic‐cell clearance (efferocytosis) as well as released soluble and extracellular vesicle‐associated factors are discussed from the perspectives of inflammation, tissue repair, and regeneration programs. An “apoptosis‐centric” view is proposed in which dying tumor cells provide an important platform for intricate intercellular communication networks in growing cancers. The perspective has implications for future research and for improving cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Pathways and processes to the embodiment of historical trauma secondary to settler colonialism
Authors: Thomas Nicole A. , Owen Brenda , Ersig Anne L. , Bratzke Lisa C. 
Published: August 2023

AbstractAim(s)This discursive article aims to examine how systemic factors of settler colonialism influence health outcomes among Indigenous peoples in the United States through pathways and processes that may lead to the embodiment of historical trauma.DesignDiscursive paper.MethodsWe completed a comprehensive search of empirical and grey literature between September 2022 and January 2023 in PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Using these articles as a foundation, we explored factors related to the pathways and processes leading to the embodiment of historical trauma rooted in settler colonialism.ResultsA conceptual framework of the pathways and processes of the embodiment of historical trauma secondary to settler colonialism was developed, and is presented.ConclusionThe societal and historical context for Indigenous peoples includes harmful settler colonial structures and ideologies, resulting in stressors and historical trauma that impact health outcomes and disparities through the phenomenon of the process of embodiment.Implications for NursingTo provide holistic nursing care, nurses must be aware of settler colonialism as a determinant of health. They must be attuned to the pathways and processes through which settler colonial exposures may impact health among Indigenous peoples. Nurses must challenge existing structural inequities to advance health equity and social justice.
When Is Work Unjust? Confronting the Choice between ‘Pluralistic’ and ‘Unifying’ Approaches
Authors: Goff Sarah C. 
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACTIndividuals have different experiences of work when they are self‐employed, when they perform tasks in the gig economy, and when they follow directives from managers. But such differences are not represented in some of the most prominent non‐ideal theories of work. These describe workers as a coherent group, with a position in the structure of the liberal capitalist economy. I present an alternative that does better at acknowledging difference, through a description of work and workers that has greater ‘pluralism’ and less ‘unifying coherence’. Some might insist that their ‘unifying’ description has superior empirical plausibility. But if ‘pluralistic’ descriptions are valid rivals to provide an accurate characterization of our current condition, then we should consider whether their use in theory can serve valuable aims. I identify the distinctive and valuable non‐ideal aims – epistemic, evaluative, and normative – that can be pursued with ‘pluralistic’ descriptions of work and workers.