bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor canagliflozin does not increase risk of non‐genital skin and soft tissue infections in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A pooled post hoc analysis from the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE randomized double‐blind trials
Authors: Kang Amy , Smyth Brendan , Neuen Brendon L. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. , Di Tanna Gian Luca , Zhang Hong , Arnott Clare , Hockham Carinna , Agarwal Rajiv , Bakris George , Charytan David M. , de Zeeuw Dick , Greene Tom , Levin Adeera , Pollock Carol , Wheeler David C. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Perkovic Vlado , Jardine Meg J. 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAimsTo assess whether the sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor canagliflozin affects risk of non‐genital skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs).Materials and methodsWe performed a post hoc pooled individual participant analysis of the CANVAS Program and CREDENCE trials that randomized people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk and/or with chronic kidney disease to either canagliflozin or placebo. Investigator‐reported adverse events were assessed by two blinded authors following predetermined criteria for non‐genital SSTIs. Risks of non‐genital SSTIs, overall and within prespecified subgroups, and risk of non‐genital fungal SSTIs, were analysed using Cox regression models. Factors associated with non‐genital SSTIs were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsOverall, 903 of 14 531 participants (6%) experienced non‐genital SSTIs over a median follow‐up of 26 months. No difference was observed in non‐genital SSTI rates between canagliflozin and placebo (24.0 events/1000 person‐years vs. 23.9 events/1000 person‐years, respectively; hazard ratio [HR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85‐1.11; P = 0.70), with consistent results across subgroups (all P interaction > 0.05). The risk of recurrent events and non‐genital fungal infection also did not differ significantly between canagliflozin and placebo (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94‐1.19 [P = 0.32] and HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.88‐1.60 [P = 0.27], respectively). Baseline factors independently associated with non‐genital SSTIs were younger age, male sex, higher body mass index, higher glycated haemoglobin, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), established peripheral vascular disease, and history of neuropathy.ConclusionsCanagliflozin did not affect risk of non‐genital SSTIs or non‐genital fungal SSTIs compared with placebo. These findings suggest that any SGLT2 inhibitor‐mediated change in skin microenvironment is unlikely to have meaningful clinical consequences.
The views of European students on the inclusion of research in undergraduate Oral Health Professional curricula
Authors: Serban Christa , Dixon Jonathan , Adam Marta , Par Matej , Ligusovà Ivana , Field James 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionThe education of Oral Health Professionals (OHPs) is variable across Europe and consequently, there is concern that research skills are not consistently or optimally integrated into European OHP curricula. The aim of this study is to investigate the perspectives of European OHP students regarding the inclusion of research in the undergraduate curriculum.Materials and MethodsA 21‐question online survey was administered to dental, dental hygiene, and dental hygiene and therapy students across Europe. Informed consent was obtained from participants and all responses remained confidential. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse the data.ResultsA total of 825 student responses to the survey from 33 European countries were eligible for inclusion. The results demonstrated that OHP students recognise the importance of research in the dental field and value the inclusion of research in the curriculum. Although students indicated that they are interested to learn more about research, the survey results also showed that students had neutral opinions towards the existing curriculum providing enough training about research.ConclusionEuropean OHP students agree on the need for an open and explicit research curriculum in OHP education. The development of a research domain within an open curriculum framework would help to harmonise the teaching and assessment of OHP research skills across Europe and ultimately improve graduating OHP's research skills.
Molecular changes in hippocampal energy metabolism in mice selectively bred for extremes in stress reactivity: Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction for affective disorders
Authors: Rappeneau Virginie , Koti Prasanna , Wilmes Lars , Widner‐Andrae Regina , Busch Karin , Touma Chadi 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAffective disorders, such as major depression, are frequently associated with metabolic disturbances involving mitochondria. Although dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is known to alter energy metabolism, the precise mechanisms linking stress and metabolic disturbances are not sufficiently understood. We used a mouse model of affective disorders to investigate the impact of a genetic predisposition for extremes in stress reactivity on behavioural and metabolic phenotypes as well as energy metabolism. Adult males of three independent mouse lines selectively bred for high, intermediate or low HPA axis reactivity were tested for exploratory and locomotor activity as well as stress‐coping behaviour. Additionally, basal and stress‐induced plasma corticosterone levels, body weight, food intake and body composition were measured. At the molecular level, the hippocampal transcriptome was analysed using microarray, serial analysis of gene expression and qRT‐PCR. Finally, mitochondrial DNA copy number, damages and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. We found clear effects of the differential stress reactivity on the behavioural, morphometric and metabolic measures. Remarkably, the hyperactive behavioural and neuroendocrine stress‐coping style of high‐reactivity mice was associated with significant changes in the expression of an extended list of genes involved in energy metabolism and several mitochondrial functions. Yet, only minor changes were found in mitochondrial DNA copy number, damages and respiration. Thus, our findings support a prominent role of glucocorticoids in shaping the major endophenotypes of the stress reactivity mouse model and contribute towards understanding the important role of HPA axis dysregulation and changes in energy metabolism in the pathophysiology of affective disorders.
Adversarial interspecies relationships facilitate population suppression by gene drive in spatially explicit models
Authors: Liu Yiran , Teo WeiJian , Yang Haochen , Champer Jackson 
Published: May 2023

AbstractSuppression gene drives bias their inheritance to spread through a population, potentially eliminating it when they reach high frequency. CRISPR homing suppression drives have already seen success in the laboratory, but several models predict that success may be elusive in population with realistic spatial structure due to extinction‐recolonization cycles. Here, we extend our continuous space framework to include two competing species or predator–prey pairs. We find that in both general and mosquito‐specific models, competing species or predators can facilitate drive‐based suppression, albeit at the cost of an increased rate of drive loss outcomes. These results are robust in mosquito models with seasonal fluctuations. Our study illustrates the difficulty of predicting outcomes in complex ecosystems. However, our results are promising for the prospects of less powerful suppression gene drives to successfully eliminate target mosquito and other pest populations.
Implications of Internal Funds Surplus for Determining Agency Spending of SEO Proceeds and Timing Incentives
Authors: Bazrafshan Ebrahim 
Published: May 2023

AbstractAccording to the pecking order theory, firms with potential investment projects should raise external capital if and only if sufficient internal funds are not available. The theory can be violated if equity issuers are motivated by market timing and increasing funds for insiders’ benefits, indicating that firms may already have internal funds surplus without including external funds, but still issue equity. By controlling for future funds needs, the analyses show that issuers that engage in market timing and spend the SEO proceeds on value‐destroying projects are strongly associated with their internal funds surplus. Moreover, SEO announcement returns are lower for issuers with internal funds surplus. This pattern strongly supports the predictive ability of internal funds surplus to detect the need for external capital and ultimately to determine timing incentives and agency spending of SEO proceeds.
Flow and thermal regimes altered by a dam caused failure of fish recruitment in the upper Mekong River
Authors: Ding Chengzhi , Sun Jie , Huang Minrui , Bond Nick , Ding Liuyong , Tao Juan 
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Riverine fishes have been increasingly threatened by the global proliferation of both small dams and large hydropower projects to meet the soaring water, energy and food demands from growing human populations and urbanisation. However, empirical evidence of the direct effects on a specific species before and after dam construction and operation is rare. Causes of population decline vary among species and, although little known, they are of great importance for successful environmental flow regulation.

We monitored the hydroenvironment and population dynamics of a Schizothoracinae fish (Schizothorax lissolabiatus) for 9 years before and after dam (i.e., Dahuaqiao) construction in the upper Mekong River to understand fish response processes and the underlying mechanisms. Optimal hydroenvironmental conditions for key reproduction stages (e.g., pre‐spawning, hatching and post‐hatching) were reconstructed using daily increment analysis of larval otoliths and hydroenvironmental data.

The flow regime was substantially disrupted by the dam, and water temperature was only slightly changed. The disappearance of young of the year from downstream after dam operation indicates that the changed hydroenvironment caused recruitment failure in S. lissolabiatus. By matching optimal hydroenvironmental conditions for S. lissolabiatus reproduction with the monitored hydroenvironmental data series before and after dam operation, we found that changes in thermal regime alone caused narrowing of the reproduction window by an average of 41%, whereas flow‐regime change alone narrowed it by 96% and it was narrowed by 98% for thermal and flow changes combined.

This study shows that the altered flow regime, but not the thermal regime, was the primary driver of the recruitment failure of S. lissolabiatus. The findings highlight the importance of prioritising flow‐regime management to improve recruitment success for S. lissolabiatus and to favour the persistence of other imperilled Schizothoracinae fishes and native species in dammed rivers.
Finite element simulation and experimental analysis of B4C‐TiB2‐SiC ceramic cutting tools
Authors: Yang Guangyuan , Zhang Zhixiao , Li Weixing , Guo Xu , Liu Chunyue , Shi Yingjie , Wang Yanming , Wang Aiyang , Zhang Xiaoliang , Zhang Xiaorong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractHere, cutting properties and wear mechanism of the home‐made B4C‐TiB2‐SiC ceramic cutting tools in turning of AISI 4340 steel workpieces were studied through a combination of finite element simulation using Deform‐3D software and turning experiments. Simulation results show that cutting parameters have significant effects on the main cutting force and tool temperature of the B4C‐TiB2‐SiC cutting tool. The optimal cutting parameters for the ceramic cutting tool are cutting speed of 300 m/min, depth of cut of .3 mm, and feed rate of .1 mm/r. Experimental results show the cutting length of the B4C‐TiB2‐SiC cutting tool is about 101 m, which is 21.0% and 32.9% larger than that of the home‐made B4C‐TiB2 ceramic cutting tool and commercially available tungsten carbide tool, indicating that the B4C‐TiB2‐SiC cutting tool has a desired service life. The surface roughness of the workpieces processed by the B4C‐TiB2‐SiC cutting tool is 2.43 µm, which is 29.4% lower than that of the workpieces processed by the B4C‐TiB2 cutting tool, indicating that the B4C‐TiB2‐SiC cutting tool has a satisfying machining accuracy. Wear forms of the B4C‐TiB2‐SiC ceramic cutting tool involve craters, chipping, and flank wear, and the main wear mechanisms are abrasive, adhesive, oxidative, and diffusion wear.
Mechanical properties of ZrB2 ceramics determined by two laboratories
Authors: Swab Jeffrey J. , Jarman Jecee , Fahrenholtz William , Watts Jeremy 
Published: May 2023

AbstractThe mechanical properties for zirconium diboride (ZrB2) were measured at two laboratories and compared. Two billets of ZrB2 were prepared by hot‐pressing commercial powder. The relative densities of the billets were >99% and with an average grain size of 5.9 ± 4.5 µm. Both laboratories prepared American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1161 B‐bars for strength and ASTM C1421 bars with notch configuration A for fracture toughness. Specimens were machined by diamond grinding at the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) at Missouri S&T. Strength bars tested at Missouri S&T were polished to a .25 μm finish while the bars were tested as‐ground at ARL. Strengths were 473 ± 79 MPa for the Missouri S&T bars and 438 ± 68 for the ARL bars while the fracture toughness values were 3.9 ± .7 MPa•m1/2 for the Missouri S&T bars and 4.4 ± .6 MPa•m1/2 for the ARL bars. Vickers hardness was measured by both laboratories over a range of indentation loads. The resulting hardness values were on the low end of previously reported values and were quite different from each other especially at indentation loads ≤20N. The study demonstrated that the properties of materials tested to ASTM standards at different laboratories can be compared directly. In addition, strength and fracture toughness were nearly identical for bars prepared by conventional diamond grinding or EDM.
A novel corporoplasty technique with a urethral plate flap in hypospadias repair
Authors: Ru Wei , Feng Ciyuan , Tian Hongjuan , Wu Dehua , Tang Daxing , Tao Chang 
Published: May 2023

ObjectivesTo report a novel corporoplasty technique with a urethral plate flap in hypospadias repair and evaluate its safety and efficacy for ventral lengthening.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from consecutive patients with hypospadias who underwent urethral plate flap corporoplasty between July 2021 and March 2022. All patients underwent hypospadias repair using the Duckett technique. The corporoplasty procedure involved the following key steps: the half‐spongiosum of the urethral plate was harvested as a flap (with a pedicle attached to the corpus cavernosum); a transverse incision of the tunica albuginea was made adjacent to the pedicle; and the flap was patched onto the corporal defect.ResultsThe study included 10 patients, with a median age of 20 months. The initial meatal location was penile in two patients, penoscrotal in four patients, and scrotal in four patients. The median ventral curvature was 45° after degloving and urethral plate transection. The median ventral lengthening distance proportional to penis length was 0.21. During the median follow‐up of 13.8 months, complications occurred in three cases, including two cases of fistula and one case of urethral stricture with secondary diverticulum. No cases of recurrent ventral curvature, meatal stenosis, or urethral dehiscence were noted. Postoperative ultrasonography showed a good continuation of the tunica albuginea and integrity of the stratum spongiosum at the corporoplasty site.ConclusionsUrethral plate flap corporoplasty is a simple and effective ventral lengthening procedure. The novel corporoplasty technique allows for anatomical and architectural repair of corporal disproportion.
The microRNA pathway core genes are indispensable for development and reproduction in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Wang Ni , Chen Min , Zhou Ying , Zhou Wen‐Wu , Zhu Zeng‐Rong 
Published: May 2023

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single‐stranded non‐coding RNAs involved in a variety of cellular events by regulating gene expression at the post‐transcriptional level. Several core genes in miRNA biogenesis have been reported to participate in a wide range of physiological events, in some insect species. However, the functional significance of miRNA pathway core genes in Nilaparvata lugens remains unknown. In the present study, we conducted a systematic characterisation of five core genes involved in miRNA biogenesis. We first performed spatiotemporal expression analysis and found that miRNA core genes exhibited similar expression patterns, with high expression levels in eggs and relatively high transcriptional levels in the ovaries and fat bodies of females. RNA interference experiments showed that injecting third‐instar nymphs with dsRNAs targeting the miRNA core genes, NlAgo1, NlDicer1, and NlDrosha resulted in high mortality rates and various degrees of body melanism, moulting defects, and wing deformities. Further investigations revealed that the suppression of miRNA core genes severely impaired ovarian development and oocyte maturation, resulting in significantly reduced fecundity and disruption of intercellular spaces between follicle cells. Moreover, the expression profiles of miR‐34‐5p, miR‐275‐3p, miR‐317‐3p, miR‐14, Let‐7‐1, and miR‐2a‐3p were significantly altered in response to the knockdown of miRNA core genes mixture, suggesting that they play essential roles in regulating miRNA‐mediated gene expression. Therefore, our results provide a solid theoretical basis for the miRNA pathway in N. lugens and suggest that the NlAgo1, NlDicer1, and NlDrosha‐dependent miRNA core genes are essential for the development and reproduction of this agricultural pest.
Chemical inhibition of DNA‐PKcs impairs the activation and cytotoxicity of CD4+ helper and CD8+ effector T cells
Authors: Azevedo‐Pouly Ana C , Appell Lauren E , Burdine Lyle , Rogers Lora J , Morehead Lauren C , Fil Daniel , Barker Melanie , Rainwater Randall R , Waldrip Zachary J , Koss Brian , Burdine Marie Schluterman 
Published: May 2023

AbstractModulation of T cell activity is an effective strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, immune‐related disorders and cancer. This highlights a critical need for the identification of proteins that regulate T cell function. The kinase DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs) is emerging as a potent regulator of the immune system, spurring interest in its use as a therapeutic target. In murine models of immune‐related diseases including asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, treatment with small‐molecule DNA‐PKcs inhibitors decreased the disease severity. Additionally, DNA‐PKcs inhibitors reduced T cell‐mediated graft rejection in a murine allogenic skin graft model. These in vivo studies suggest the use of DNA‐PKcs inhibitors as immunotherapy for autoimmune and T cell‐mediated disorders. In this study, we sought to characterize further the effects of DNA‐PKcs inhibitors on T cells to better understand their clinical potential. We determined that inhibition of DNA‐PKcs using inhibitor NU7441 and the inhibitors currently in clinical trials for cancer therapy, M3184 and AZD7648, abrogated the activation of murine and human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as evidenced by the reduced expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25. Furthermore, inhibition of DNA‐PKcs impeded metabolic pathways and the proliferation of activated T cells. This reduced the ability of OTI‐CD8+ T cells to kill cancer cells and the expression of IFNγ and cytotoxic genes. These results highlight a critical role for DNA‐PKcs in T cells and validate future studies using DNA‐PKcs inhibitors as immune modulation therapy for the treatment of immune‐related diseases.
Effect of slag basicity on Turing pattern corrosion of alumina refractory ceramics in the presence of free radicals
Authors: Peng Yuefang , Li Shenghao , Huang Ao , Gu Huazhi , Zou Yongshun , Fu Lvping 
Published: May 2023

AbstractTuring pattern corrosion causes serious damage to alumina ceramics. Therefore, the quaternary slag corrosion of alumina refractory ceramics was studied with different slag basicity by adjusting relative content of MgO and Al2O3. The results show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) like singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals are generated in the slags. The height of corrosion peak is determined by both the original superoxide radical and the amount of non‐bridging oxygen (NBO) of the slags under the change of basicity. Moreover the influence of free radicals on the corrosion peak is greater than that of NBOs. A free‐radical reaction was proposed as the formation mechanism of the Turing pattern corrosion peaks based on ROS.
Predictors and outcomes of tricuspid regurgitation improvement after radiofrequency catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Ukita Kohei , Egami Yasuyuki , Nohara Hiroaki , Kawanami Shodai , Sugae Hiroki , Kawamura Akito , Nakamura Hitoshi , Yasumoto Koji , Tsuda Masaki , Okamoto Naotaka , Matsunaga‐Lee Yasuharu , Yano Masamichi , Nishino Masami , Tanouchi Jun 
Published: May 2023

AbstractIntroductionLittle has been reported on the predictors and outcomes of improvement of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsWe enrolled 141 patients with persistent AF and moderate or severe TR assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) who underwent an initial RFCA between February 2015 and August 2021. These patients underwent follow‐up TTE at 12 months after the RFCA, and were categorized into two groups based on the improvement (defined as at least one‐grade improvement of TR) and non‐improvement of TR: IM group and Non‐IM group, respectively. We compared the patient characteristics, ablation procedures, and recurrences after the RFCA between the two groups. In addition, we examined the major event (defined as admission for heart failure or all‐cause death) more than 12 months after the RFCA.ResultsIM group consisted of 90 patients (64%). A multivariate analysis revealed that age <71 years old and absence of late recurrence (LR, defined as recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia between 3 and 12 months after the RFCA) were independently associated with the improvement of TR after the RFCA. Furthermore, IM group had the higher incidence of major event‐free survival than Non‐IM group.ConclusionsRelatively young age and absence of LR were good predictors of improvement of TR after the RFCA for persistent AF. In addition, the improvement of TR was related to better clinical outcomes.