bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal growth rather than prematurity determines lung function in children with asthma
Authors: Kim Hwan Soo , Lee Seung Won , Kim Jin Tack , Kim Jung Hoon , Lim Dae Hyun , Kim Woo Kyung , Song Dae Jin , Yoo Young , Suh Dong In , Baek Hey Sung , Shin Meeyong , Kwon Ji Won , Jang Gwang Cheon , Yang Hyeon‐Jong , Lee Eun , Seo Ju Hee , Woo Sung Il , Kim Hyung Young , Shin Youn Ho , Lee Ju Suk , Jung Sungsu , Lee Nang Kyeong , Yu Jinho 
Published: June 2023

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePreterm birth or fetal growth has been associated with reduced lung function and asthma during childhood in the general population. We aimed to elucidate whether prematurity or fetal growth has a significant influence on lung function or symptoms in children with stable asthma.MethodsWe included children with stable asthma who participated in the Korean childhood Asthma Study cohort. Asthma symptoms were determined by asthma control test (ACT). Percent predicted values of pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator (BD) lung function including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC (FEF25%–75%) were measured. Lung function and symptoms were compared according to the history of preterm birth and birth weight (BW) for gestational age (GA).ResultsThe study population consisted of 566 children (age range: 5–18 years). There were no significant differences in lung function and ACT between preterm and term subjects. We observed no significant difference in ACT but significant differences were observed in pre‐ and post‐BD FEV1, pre‐ and post‐BD FVC, and post‐BD FEF25%–75% according to BW for GA in total subjects. Two‐way ANOVA revealed that BW for GA rather than prematurity was a significant determining factor for pre‐ and post‐BD lung function. After regression analysis, BW for GA was still a significant determining factor of pre‐ and post‐BD FEV1 and pre‐ and post‐BD FEF25%–75%.ConclusionFetal growth rather than prematurity appears to have a significant effect on lung function in children with stable asthma.
Social externalities of women empowerment: Evidence from suffrage movements of late nineteenth and early twentieth century United States
Authors: Noghanibehambari Hamid , Noghani Farzaneh , Tavassoli Nahid 
Published: June 2023

AbstractPrevious literature suggests that empowering women is associated with children's improved outcomes. However, little is known about its effects on children's later‐life crime and incarceration. We argue that women empowerment through suffrage law changes during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the US generated incentives for women to invest in their children's human capital. The accumulated human capital then has the potential to reduce future incarceration of children. We use full‐count censuses 1920–1930, implement a difference‐in‐difference framework, and empirically show that childhood exposure to suffrage laws is associated with considerable reductions in incarceration. The effects appear to be primarily driven by decreases in male and Black incarceration. The balancing tests rule out the concern that the effects are driven by demographic compositional changes or endogenous changes in other state‐level characteristics. Furthermore, an event‐study analysis rejects the concern that the effects are driven by preexisting trends in incarceration among exposed cohorts. The findings of this research note offer informative implications for overlooked externalities of women empowerment in a historical setting.
An examination of the human presence in precalculus textbooks: What are we communicating to students about who uses mathematics and how?
Authors: Marzocchi Alison S. , Martinez Priscilla M. , Truong Anthony P. 
Published: June 2023

AbstractWomen and people of color continue to be underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), even while STEM fields are faced with recruitment issues and shortages of workers. Mathematics textbooks may be complicit in this issue, with past research indicating that textbooks are not fairly representing women and people of color. Even in instances when representation appears equal, further inspection indicates that men and white characters are given more meaningful and scientific roles in textbooks. Our study investigated the 15 precalculus honors textbooks used in public schools across a county to determine the message that is communicated to potential STEM majors about who uses mathematics and how. To do so, we identified the presence of context, human presence, genders, names, and hobbies/occupations within the textbook exercises. Our study reveals an overall low proportion of real‐life contexts, of humans in general, of women and of gender non‐binary characters, and of STEM careers. Examples of women in STEM careers are strikingly low. To improve recruitment of students to STEM careers, in general, as well as recruitment of marginalized populations, in particular, we must improve representation such that all students are able to see themselves in mathematics and their textbooks.
Topology Optimization Design for Heat Dissipation Performance of Semiconductor Ignition Device
Authors: Chen Jia , Zhang Xiaobing , Zhu Ruijie 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The trend of miniaturization and intgration of the electronic device has put forward higher requirements on efficiency of heat radiating, which can hardly be satisfied by the traditional forced convection heat dissipation method. In this paper, the strategy of topology optimization technique is adopted to greatly improve the heat dissipation efficiency of a semiconductor ignition device. The penalization method is used to implement the topology optimization process. Three kinds of objective functions of thermal compliance, temperature variance and geometric average temperature were separately applied in the topological optimization of two typical uniform heat generation cases, and the resulted topologically optimization results were analyzed and compared. Based on the two benchmark cases, the appropriate objective function was selected to conduct structural optimization of semiconductor bridge ignition devices with the aim of making the highest temperature in the design domain the lowest possible. Additionally, a parametric study on the effect of thermal conductivity on topology optimization results was conducted, which leads to a design suggestion beneficial for heat dissipation and material selection.
DEPLOYING COMPUTER VISION DETECTION METHOD IN MEDICAL SIMULATION TRAINING USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Wu Hang-Ling , Brown Dailen , Miller Scarlett , Moore Jason 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A machine learning (ML) object detection algorithm was developed to replace the original color-based image detection algorithm for the Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer Plus (DHRT+). This image recognition system was used for medical training in Central Venous Catheterization (CVC). This image tracking allows for the training system to provide accurate performance feedback to the user during the training process. The ML object detection algorithm was developed and evaluated using training data. The results indicate that increasing the training data set improves the detection system’s accuracy. The system was found to have an overall precision rate of 90.9% and a recall rate of 81.69%. This new ML model will be implemented into the DHRT+ system and used to train medical residents.
DESIGN OF A CUSTOM SENSING AND ACTUATING CUSHION FOR USE IN PRESSURE RELIEF IN WHEELCHAIR USERS
Authors: Robinson Jason , Shewalkar Vishakh , Rigo Isaiah , Rock Asaiah , Cinnamon Lucy , Chapman-Rienstra Daniella , Hong Jooyoung , Kim Joohyung , Golecki Holly 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Pressure sores impact a wide range of individuals including wheelchair users. Solutions to address pressure sore prevention are limited. This work is aimed at developing devices to prevent pressure sores in wheelchair users with limited mobility or sensation. Informed by stakeholder input, we present a dynamic cushion design to sense areas of high pressure and actuate to relieve that pressure. We experimented using resistive sensors in a grid formation to map pressure across the seat. To relieve pressure, we propose a grid of custom pneumatic bladders to inflate in response to sensor thresholds. Bladders will inflate to redistribute pressure. After experimenting with a variety of possible bladder geometries, we selected torus-shaped actuators to optimize durability, stability, and increase breathability in the final design. Given the ability to fabricate custom bladders and program controls, the proposed device can be tailored to users’ specific needs. While static cushion solutions exist on the market, our custom design allows users to dynamically alleviate pressure eliminated the need to constantly readjust position and ultimately reduce time spent treating sores.
DESIGN OF AN INSERTION FUNNEL FOR A TRAINING SYSTEM FOR CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER GUIDEWIRE INSERTION
Authors: Krieger Margaret , Kaul Aayod , Brown Dailen , Tzamaras Haroula M. , Moore Jason Z. , Miller Scarlett R. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
A novel concept is proposed to effectively measure and train central venous catheter guidewire insertion. This system utilizes a 3D printed funnel to direct the insertion of a guidewire from multiple angles and positions. This directed guidewire can then be passed through previously developed sensors to provide the user with valuable training feedback. Experiments are performed to measure the effectiveness of the funnel system under varying insertion positions, angles, and funnel coatings. After experimentation, it was found that a funnel greased with white lithium grease allows the guidewire to successfully make it through the funnel compared to alternatives tested. This design will be applied to the Dynamic Haptic Robotic Trainer Plus (DHRT+) system to train medical residents to safely perform central venous catheterization.
ON THE DESIGN OF A NOVEL PHONOENTEROGRAM SENSING DEVICE USING AI ASSISTED COMPUTER-AIDED AUSCULTATION
Authors: Damani Shivam , Damani Devanshi N. , Redij Renisha , Sethi Arshia K. , Muddaloor Pratyusha , Kapoor Anoushka , Rajagopal Anjali , Gopalakrishnan Keerthy , Wang Xiao Jing , Chedid Victor G. , Ryu Alexander J. , Aakre Christopher A. , Arunachalam Shivaram P. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Bowel sounds have been previously used to study intestinal motility and overall digestive health in various clinical settings. However, the blurred definition of bowel sounds and their subtypes, limited resources for interpretation, poor sensitivity, and low positive predictive value led to their restricted utility. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have steered interest in developing unique tools using the phonoenterogram to analyze diverse bowel sounds. In our study, bowel sounds were recorded from eight healthy volunteers using the Eko Duo stethoscope. A novel deep-learning algorithm was designed to classify the recordings into baseline or prominent bowel sounds. A total of 11,210 data points (5,605 balanced sounds) were used to train and test the model to yield an accuracy of 0.895, a precision of 0.890, and a recall of 0.854 reflecting successful segregation of these sounds into respective groups. More extensive studies enrolling healthy and diseased subjects with a device specifically tailored to record bowel sounds are needed to generalize these results and determine their application in the patient population.
The Influence of Coaches and Support Staff on the Sleep Habits of Esports Athletes Competing at Professional and Semiprofessional Level
Authors: Bonnar Daniel , Hwu Matthew , Lee Sangha , Gradisar Michael , Suh Sooyeon , Kahn Michal 
Published: June 2023

The present study investigated the influence and perspective of esports coaches and support staff on the sleep habits of esports athletes competing at professional and semiprofessional levels. Eighty-four esports coaches and support staff from 19 countries completed an online questionnaire. The first section obtained demographic information. The second section evaluated sleep hygiene knowledge using the Sleep Beliefs Scale. The third section assessed sleep monitoring and sleep hygiene practices used by coaches and support staff with esports athletes, barriers to the use of these practices, and conditions that impact the sleep of esports athletes. Overall, sleep hygiene knowledge was inadequate (<75%, based on the study of Miles et al.). Sleep monitoring frequency was low (48.8%), while sleep hygiene practices were implemented more often (66.7%). The most common barrier to sleep monitoring and sleep hygiene practices was players not liking it (50% and 46.3%, respectively). Night competitions (64.6%), congested competition times (51.2%), and night training schedules (47.6%) all rated highly as having an impact on esports athletes’ sleep. Sleep education and training for coaches and support staff in the optimal use of sleep monitoring and sleep hygiene practices may increase the frequency and quality of sleep health support provided to esports athletes.
Prenatal opioid exposure and well-child care in the first 2 years of life: population-based cohort study
Authors: Camden Andi , To Teresa , Gomes Tara , Ray Joel , Bai Li , Guttmann Astrid 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo quantify well-child visits by age 2 years and developmental screening at the 18-month enhanced well-child visit among children with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) and to identify factors associated with study outcomes.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingOntario, Canada.Participants22 276 children with POE born 2014–2018 were classified as (1) 1–29 days of prescribed opioid analgesia, (2) 30+ days of prescribed opioid analgesia, (3) medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), (4) MOUD and opioid analgesia, or (5) unregulated opioids.Main outcome measuresAttending ≥5 well-child visits by age 2 years and the 18-month enhanced well-child visit. Modified Poisson regression was used to examine factors associated with outcomes.ResultsChildren with POE to 1–29 days of analgesics were most likely to attend ≥5 well-child visits (61.2%). Compared with these children, adjusted relative risks (aRRs) for ≥5 well-child visits were lower among those exposed to 30+ days of opioid analgesics (0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99), MOUD (0.83, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.88), MOUD and opioid analgesics (0.78 95% CI 0.68 to 0.90) and unregulated opioids (0.89, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.95). Relative to children with POE to 1–29 days of analgesics (58.5%), respective aRRs for the 18-month enhanced well-child visit were 0.92 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.96), 0.76 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.81), 0.76 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.87) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.88). Having a regular primary care provider was positively associated with study outcomes; socioeconomic disadvantage, rurality and maternal mental health were negatively associated.ConclusionWell-child visits are low in children following POE, especially among offspring of mothers receiving MOUD or unregulated opioids. Strategies to improve attendance will be important for child outcomes.
SP2 Drug information for parents/carers taking babies home – Survey of healthcare professionals and parents/carers
Authors: Caldwell Neil 
Published: June 2023

AimThe aim of this multicentre study was to find out what parents/carers and healthcare professionals (HCPs) think about the current provision of information for parents/carers about medicines following discharge from neonatal units in UK and Ireland.MethodHCPs in the UK and Ireland were identified using a stakeholder map. An electronic survey was developed and circulated to HCPs involved in the care of neonates at the five study sites and shared on social media. Parents were recruited via social media, parent support groups, in-patient and clinic settings.ResultsHCPs155 HCPs responded: 41% nurses, 34% pharmacists, 11% doctors; the remainder were a mixture of professions. The majority had over 5 years’ experience. 58% were aware of medicines resources or information being used at their hospital, the most popular method being face to face information given individually, followed by written information.When asked which HCPs were best placed to provide information about medicines, ‘nurses’ were the most common response. When asked about the best time to provide information, ‘throughout the stay’ was felt to be the most appropriate time, however, in practice they reported that information was typically given immediately prior to discharge. The move to Family Integrated Care has led to improvements with many units now involving parents in the medicine administration process at a much earlier stage.ParentsA total of 87 parents/carers completed the e-survey. 72% parents/carers had ‘none’, or ‘very little experience’ of giving medicines to children prior to their baby’s hospital stay. Only 53% received information about medicines prior to discharge. However, 48% of respondents were administering 4 or more medicines on discharge. 24% of parents/carers reported feeling stressed about giving medicines. Challenges with medicines following discharge were reported by 47%. Printed information was the preferred format for medicines resources (57%).ConclusionThe findings from HCPs highlighted the importance of the ‘timing of information’ and involving parents at an earlier stage could be helpful in preparation for discharge. The results from parents show there are significant shortfalls in the existing provision of information about giving medicines to their babies at home. These findings will inform the co-design of new information resources about medicines for parents and carers taking babies home.
Arthroscopic capsular shift surgery in patients with atraumatic shoulder joint instability: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jaggi Anju , Herbert Robert D , Alexander Susan , Majed Addie , Butt David , Higgs Deborah , Rudge Will , Ginn Karen A 
Published: June 2023

ObjectivesTo determine the effect of arthroscopic capsular shift surgery on pain and functional impairment for people with atraumatic shoulder (glenohumeral) joint instability.MethodsWe conducted a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in a specialist secondary care facility. Patients aged 18 years and over who reported insecurity (apprehension) in their shoulder joint and had evidence of capsulolabral damage on arthroscopic examination were included. Patients were excluded if their shoulder apprehension symptoms were precipitated by a high velocity shoulder injury, they had bony or neural damage, a rotator cuff or labral tear, or previous surgery on the symptomatic shoulder. Sixty-eight participants were randomised and received diagnostic arthroscopy, followed by arthroscopic capsular shift or diagnostic arthroscopy alone. All participants received the same postoperative clinical care. The primary outcome was pain and functional impairment measured with the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index. The prespecified minimum clinically important effect was a reduction in pain and disability of 10.4 points.ResultsMean reductions in pain and functional impairment for both groups were similar. Compared with diagnostic arthroscopy, arthroscopic capsular shift increased pain and functional impairment by means of 5 points (95% CI −6 to 16 points) at 6 months, 1 point (95% CI −11 to 13 points) at 12 months and 2 points (95% CI −12 to 17 points) at 24 months.ConclusionsCompared with diagnostic arthroscopy alone, arthroscopic capsular shift confers, at best, only minimal clinically important benefit in the medium term.Trial registration numberNCT01751490.
Lessons learnt in scaling up evidence-based comprehensive health sector responses addressing female genital mutilation in highly prevalent settings
Authors: Ahmed Wisal , Gebretsadik Eyob , Gbenou Dina , Hien Yelmali , Dramou Bernadette , Ambelu Haimanot , Hussein Hiba , Lavussa Joyce , Mamo Anabay , Cherono Matilda , Kessi Mary , El Hennawy Hala , Gholbzouri Karima , Ouedraogo Leopold , Chilanga Asmani , Elamin Hayfa , Pallitto Christina 
Published: June 2023

Female genital mutilation (FGM) affects over 200 million girls and women. Its health complications include acute and potentially lifelong urogenital, reproductive, physical, mental health complications with estimated health treatment costs of US$1.4 billion per year. Moreover, there is a concerning rise in the trend of FGM medicalisation with almost one in five FGM cases being performed by a health worker.The WHO developed several evidence-based resources to apply a comprehensive health approach to strengthen FGM prevention and care services. However, there has been limited uptake of this comprehensive approach in FGM prevalent settings. To address this, a three-step multicountry participatory process was used to engage health sector players from FGM prevalent settings to develop comprehensive action plans, implement foundational activities and harness the learnings to inform subsequent planning and implementation. Support to adapt evidence-based resources and seed funding were also provided to initiate foundational activities that had potential for scale up.A total of 15 countries participated in this three-step this approach between 2018 and 2022. Ten countries developed comprehensive national action plans and eight WHO resources were adapted for foundational activities.This scale up approach can be strengthened by increasing the frequency of multicountry experience sharing meetings, identifying in-country champions to continuously advocate for FGM integration within (public and private) health services and securing stable funding to implement foundational activities. Documentation of each country’s experience as case studies including monitoring and evaluation are essential to expand the learning and quality of the health interventions addressing FGM.
Secular trends in premature and early menopause in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Leone Tiziana , Brown Laura , Gemmill Alison 
Published: June 2023

BackgroundWhile secular trends in high-income countries show an increase in the mean age at menopause, it is unclear if there is a similar pattern in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where women’s exposure to biological, environmental and lifestyle determinants of menopause may differ. Premature (before age 40 years) and early (ages 40–44 years) menopause could have negative repercussions on later life health outcomes which in ageing societies could mean further stress on low-resource health systems. An evaluation of such trends in LMICs has been hampered by the suitability, quality and comparability of data from these countries.MethodsUsing 302 standardised household surveys from 1986 to 2019, we estimate trends and CIs using bootstrapping in the prevalence of premature and early menopause in 76 LMICs. We also developed a summary measure of age at menopause for women who experience menopause before the age of 50 years based on demographic estimation methods that can be used to measure menopausal status in surveys with truncated data.ResultsTrends indicate an increasing prevalence of early and premature menopause in LMICs, in particular in sub-Saharan Africa and South/Southeast Asia. These regions also see a suggested decline of the mean age at menopause with greater variation across continents.ConclusionsThis study enables the analysis of menopause timing by exploiting data generally used for the study of fertility by methodologically allowing the use of truncated data. Findings show a clear increase in prevalence of premature and early menopause in the regions with the highest fertility with possible consequences for later life health. They also show a different trend compared with high-income regions, confirming a lack of generalisability and the importance of accounting for nutritional and health transitions at the local level. This study calls for further data and research on menopause on a global scale.