bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated risk models for lung cancer due to radon exposure in the German Wismut cohort of uranium miners, 1946–2018
Authors: Kreuzer M. , Deffner V. , Sommer M. , Fenske N. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractUNSCEAR recently recommended that future research on the lung cancer risk at low radon exposures or exposure rates should focus on more contemporary uranium miners. For this purpose, risk models in the German Wismut cohort of uranium miners were updated extending the follow-up period by 5 years to 1946–2018. The full cohort (n = 58,972) and specifically the 1960 + sub-cohort of miners first hired in 1960 or later (n = 26,764) were analyzed. The 1960 + sub-cohort is characterized by low protracted radon exposure of high quality of measurements. Internal Poisson regression was used to estimate the excess relative risk (ERR) for lung cancer per cumulative radon exposure in Working Level Months (WLM). Applying the BEIR VI exposure-age-concentration model, the ERR/100 WLM was 2.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81; 4.18) and 6.92 (95% CI < 0; 16.59) among miners with attained age < 55 years, time since exposure 5–14 years, and annual exposure rates < 0.5 WL in the full (n = 4329 lung cancer deaths) and in the 1960 + sub-cohort (n = 663 lung cancer deaths), respectively. Both ERR/WLM decreased with older attained ages, increasing time since exposure, and higher exposure rates. Findings of the 1960 + sub-cohort are in line with those from large pooled studies, and ERR/WLM are about two times higher than in the full Wismut cohort. Notably, 20–30 years after closure of the Wismut mines in 1990, the estimated fraction of lung cancer deaths attributable to occupational radon exposure is still 26% in the full Wismut cohort and 19% in the 1960 + sub-cohort, respectively. This demonstrates the need for radiation protection against radon.
Communities and the Dead in Africa and Ancient Ethiopia (50–800 CE)
Authors: Basanti Dilpreet Singh , Mekonen Naomi 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn the Global North, death is often treated as the departure of a person. However, across Africa, families and communities often include living and dead members, usually called “ancestors.” In this article, we use archaeology to support educators in communicating key aspects of deathways and the study of ancestors in Africa. We do this through an example drawn from the ancient kingdom of Aksum in Ethiopia (50–800 CE). Archaeologist Dilpreet Singh Basanti previously analyzed human remains from Aksum and reconstructed an ancient community’s burial and ongoing engagement with a young woman. Artist Naomi Mekonen has created a surrealist lens to present this woman’s story of death in this article’s figures. Surrealism is a rising perspective in modern art from the Tigray region and is used here to shift the tone from death as a grim tale of loss to death as a love story. We show how ongoing actions around the young woman’s tomb relate to her continued role in her family and community. Our example illustrates that ancestors are elements of healthy community life. Ancestors provide a guiding voice that helps to define people’s values and experiences of the world. In this way, ancestors are inseparable from “culture,” and exploring these themes helps us to appreciate the role of culture as a guiding way that connects generations of loved ones, living and dead.
Is weight gain preventable in women with early breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy? A real-world study on dietary pattern, physical activity, and body weight before and after chemotherapy
Authors: Pedersini Rebecca , Laganà Marta , Bosio Sara , Zanini Barbara , Cosentini Deborah , di Mauro Pierluigi , Alberti Andrea , Schivardi Greta , Laini Lara , Ippolito Giuseppe , Amoroso Vito , Vassalli Lucia , Simoncini Edda Lucia , Berruti Alfredo , Donato Francesco 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the role of a lifestyle intervention and clinical and therapeutic factors for preventing weight gain in early breast cancer (BC) patients from one week before to 12 months after chemotherapy.

Methods
Dietary assessments were conducted by a trained dietician using a food-frequency questionnaire at each clinical assessment. Total energy, macronutrients intakes, and physical activity were estimated and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) for adherence to Mediterranean diet was calculated. At each follow-up visit, patients were provided with dietary advices according to Mediterranean and Italian guidelines by a registered dietician, after evaluation of their food records. The associations of clinical characteristics, dietary pattern, and physical activity with weight gain were evaluated by multiple logistic regression, with weight gain ≥5% from baseline value as a dichotomous dependent variable.

Results
169 early BC patients who met all follow-up visits and provided complete data were included in the analysis. From baseline to last assessment, weight loss (≥5% decrease from baseline value), stable weight, and weight gain were observed in 23.1%, 58%, and 18.9% women, respectively. Overall, a 0.68 kg mean decrease in women’s weight (−1.1% from baseline) was observed. The risk of gaining weight increased for having normal weight/underweight at baseline, receiving hormone therapy, MDS worsening, and physical activity decreasing from baseline to last assessment.

Conclusion
Providing simple suggestions on Mediterranean diet principles was effective for preventing weight gain in normal weight women and favoring weight loss in overweight and obese women.
A Filippov approximation theorem for strengthened one-sided Lipschitz differential inclusions
Authors: Baier Robert , Farkhi Elza 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe consider differential inclusions with strengthened one-sided Lipschitz (SOSL) right-hand sides. The class of SOSL multivalued maps is wider than the class of Lipschitz ones and a subclass of the class of one-sided Lipschitz maps. We prove a Filippov approximation theorem for the solutions of such differential inclusions with perturbations in the right-hand side, both of the set of the velocities (outer perturbations) and of the state (inner perturbations). The obtained estimate of the distance between the approximate and exact solution extends the known Filippov estimate for Lipschitz maps to SOSL ones and improves the order of approximation with respect to the inner perturbation known for one-sided Lipschitz (OSL) right-hand sides from $$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

to 1.
The Shock Absorbing Role of Cross-border Investments: Net Positions Versus Currency Composition
Authors: Bénétrix Agustín , Demirölmez Beren , Schmitz Martin 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe present a comprehensive analysis of the shock absorption role of external positions using the currency exposures dataset by Bénétrix et al. (2020). While the literature has frequently studied how the net international investment position and its currency composition determine the direction and scale of valuation effects, we focus on their amplitude. This is of central importance for global financial stability given the large and increasing scale of external balance sheets. To that end, we propose an indicator showing the extent to which external positions absorb or amplify exchange rate shocks. Analysing a set of 50 countries over the period 1990-2017, we find the external shock absorption role to be present for advanced economies, while this was initially not the case for emerging markets economies (EMEs). In recent years, however, EMEs’ external positions increasingly showed a shock absorption capacity. Our regression-based analysis reveals that the level of economic and financial development is associated with a greater capacity to absorb exchange rate shocks.
Analysis of Spacecraft Materials Discrimination Using Color Indices for Remote Sensing for Space Situational Awareness
Authors: Reyes Jacqueline A. , Cowardin Heather M. , Velez-Reyes Miguel 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe increasing number of space missions have resulted in an augmented density of artificial objects positioned in orbital domains near Earth. Knowing the material composition of the resident space object can be of value in object identification and risk assessment using remote sensing techniques. To perform this task, it is increasingly imperative to optically characterize spacecraft materials to identify unique material-specific spectroscopic markers. In this work, a variety of materials frequently utilized by the aerospace industry in spacecraft design and construction were analyzed using reflectance spectroscopy. The collected data provide a spectral characterization baseline for modern-day and historical spacecraft materials. The color index was computed for standard astronomical and suggested theoretical filter passbands and compared to each other in their capability to discriminate materials belonging to different classes. The color index was calculated from reflectance spectra of common spacecraft materials in their pristine, as-received conditions that fell under different family groupings. Different color-index combinations were studied using color-color diagrams. Visual and quantitative analysis of the color-color diagrams were used to evaluate the possibility of discriminating materials from one another by means of optical measurements. Results of the analysis show that polyimide and photovoltaic materials are most easy to discriminate from all other materials via color indices using different filter passbands evaluated in this study.
Late glacial through Early Holocene environments inferred using pollen from coprolites and sediments recovered from Paisley Caves, Oregon
Authors: Saban Chantel V. , Herring Erin M. , Jenkins Dennis L. , Gavin Daniel G. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe Paisley Cave archeological site in the Northern Great Basin has provided a rich archaeological record from 13,000 to 6000 cal yr BP, including abundant mammalian coprolites preserved in a well-dated stratigraphy. Here we analyze and contrast pollen from within coprolites and pollen in associated sediments to examine vegetation history and assess whether coprolite pollen provides unique information with respect to the coprolite producer, such as the use of specific habitats, foods, or water sources. We found that the dissimilarity of pollen assemblages between coprolites and associated sediments was greater than the serial dissimilarity between stratigraphically adjacent samples within either group. Serial dissimilarity within types was not greater for coprolites than sediments, as would be expected if there were unique pollen signatures derived from the short period (1–2 days) represented by each coprolite. Compared with sediment pollen assemblages, the coprolites had higher abundances of lighter pollen types, and some individual samples were high in wetland taxa (especiallyTypha). Our results are consistent with coprolite pollen representing short time periods collected as a mammal moves on the landscape, whereas sediment pollen reflects longer time periods and more regional vegetation indicators.
How important is food structure when cats eat mice?
Authors: D’Hooghe Sylvie M-T. J. , Bosch Guido , Sun Mengmeng , Cools An , Hendriks Wouter H. , Becker Anne A. M. J. , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractFeeding whole prey to felids has shown to benefit their gastrointestinal health. Whether this effect is caused by the chemical or physical nature of whole prey is unknown. Fifteen domestic cats, as a model for strict carnivores, were either fed minced mice (MM) or whole mice (WM), to determine the effect of food structure on digestibility, mean urinary excretion time (MUET) of15N, intestinal microbial activity and fermentation products. Faeces samples were collected after feeding all cats a commercially available extruded diet (EXT) for 10 d before feeding for 19 d the MM and WM diets with faeces and urine collected from day 11 to 15. Samples for microbiota composition and determination of MUET were obtained from day 16 to 19. The physical structure of the mice diet (minced or not) did not affect large intestinal fermentation as total SCFA and branched-chain fatty acid (BCFA), and most biogenic amine (BA) concentrations were not different (P> 0·10). When changing from EXT to the mice diets, the microbial community composition shifted from a carbolytic (Prevotellaceae) to proteolytic (Fusobacteriaceae) profile and led to a reduced faecal acetic to propionic acid ratio, SCFA, total BCFA (P< 0·001), NH3(P= 0·04), total BA (P< 0·001) and para-cresol (P= 0·08). The results of this study indicate that food structure within a whole-prey diet is less important than the overall diet type, with major shifts in microbiome and decrease in potentially harmful fermentation products when diet changes from extruded to mice. This urges for careful consideration of the consequences of prey-based diets for gut health in cats.
Building causal knowledge in behavior genetics without racial/ethnic diversity will result in weak causal knowledge
Authors: Syed Moin 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Behavior genetics often emphasizes methods over the underlying quality of the psychological information to which the methods are applied. A core aspect of this quality is the demographic diversity of the samples. Building causal genetic models based only on European-ancestry samples compromises their generalizability. Behavior genetics researchers must spend additional time and resources diversifying their samples before emphasizing causation.
Genome-wide association study and the randomized controlled trial: A false equivalence
Authors: Siegel Paul 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Madole & Harden's assertion that the effects derived from within-family genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are equivalent is misleading. GWASs are substantially more “non-unitary, non-uniform, and non-explanatory” than RCTs. While the within-family GWAS bring us closer to identifying genetic causes, whether it will change behavioral genetics into a causal science is an open question.
A disanalogy with RCTs and its implications for second-generation causal knowledge
Authors: Lynch Kate E. , Brown Rachael L. , Strasser Jeremy , Yeo Shang Long 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
We are less optimistic than Madole & Harden that family-based genome-wide association studies (GWASs) will lead to significant second-generation causal knowledge. Despite bearing some similarities, family-based GWASs and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are not identical. Most RCTs assess a relatively homogenous causal stimulus as a treatment, whereas GWASs assess highly heterogeneous causal stimuli. Thus, GWAS results will not translate so easily into second-generation causal knowledge.
Complex interactions confound any unitary approach to social phenomena, not just biological ones
Authors: Burke Darren 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although Burt clearly explains how modern genomic techniques work, and describes their limitations, her conclusion that they are therefore not valuable additions to understanding social outcomes is unwarranted. Understanding the causes of complex social outcomes depends on understanding how social, individual, and genetic factors complexly interact with each other. None can be understood without reference to the others.
Taking a lifespan approach to polygenic scores
Authors: Freitag Eloise W. , Kelsey Caroline M. 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
This commentary is a call to action for researchers to create and use genome-wide association studies (GWASs) with previously missed age groups (e.g., infancy, elderly), which will improve our ability to ask important developmental questions using genetic data to trace pathways across the lifespan.
Beware of the phony horserace between genes and environments
Authors: Trejo Sam , Martschenko Daphne Oluwaseun 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
Although Burt provides a valuable critique of the scientific value of integrating genetic data into social science research, she reinforces rather than disrupts the age-old horserace between genetic effects and environmental effects. We must move past this false dichotomy to create a new ontology that recognizes the ways in which genetic and environmental processes are inextricably intertwined.
Don't miss the chance to reap the fruits of recent advances in behavioral genetics
Authors: Alexander Nina , Illius Sabrina , Feyerabend Dennis , Wacker Jan , Liszkowski Ulf 
Published: September 2023

Abstract
In her target article, Burt revives a by now ancient debate on nature and nurture, and the ways to measure, disentangle, and ultimately trust one or the other of these forces. Unfortunately, she largely dismisses recent advances in behavior genetics and its huge potential in contributing to a better prediction and understanding of complex traits in social sciences.
Infrastructure and the integral state: Internal Relations, processes of state formation, and Gramscian state theory
Authors: McCarthy Daniel R. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractInfrastructures are central to processes of state formation. The revival of materialism in International Relations has made an important contribution to our understanding of states through careful analysis of the politics of infrastructure and state building. Yet, to date, engagement with the state-theoretical tradition associated with the work of Antonio Gramsci, Nicos Poulantzas, and Bob Jessop has been absent. Through comparison with the external-relational ontology of Bruno Latour and actor-network theory (ANT), this article argues that state theory and its internal-relational ontology avoids reifying the state while providing an analysis of infrastructure and state formation sensitive to the historical reproduction of social orders over time. Developing Gramsci’s concept of the ‘integral state’, it emphasises the necessary interpenetration between civil society, the state apparatus, and the creation of infrastructure. These conceptual arguments are illustrated through an analysis of the United States’ development of nuclear infrastructures during the early Cold War period, in the internal relations between infrastructure and the integral state are explored through Civil Defense Education programmes. Clarifying the internal relations of past, present, and potential future forms of socio-technical order is an important task for rethinking the politics of technological design in International Relations.
Aldhelm’s Aenigmata, Greek riddles, and the Hisperica famina
Authors: Laird Cameron Scott 
Published: September 2023

ABSTRACTWhen Aldhelm came to compose a collection of Latin riddles in the late seventh century, the riddle was already an established literary genre in Greek and Latin. Although Aldhelm’s main source was the Latin Aenigmata of Symphosius, he introduced a number of innovations that transformed the genre. To account for these innovations, it has been suggested that Aldhelm also knew and was influenced by Greek riddles, which are otherwise unattested in Anglo-Saxon England. This article first reviews the evidence for Aldhelm’s knowledge of Greek riddles, especially in his Aenigma 32 about a writing tablet. It then argues that the peculiar features of Aenigma 32 were not derived from Greek riddles but rather from the Hisperica famina, a work that Aldhelm very likely knew. His transformation of the genre therefore can be accounted for by his use of Latin sources available in seventh-century England without appealing to speculative Greek ones.
There’s no time like the present: path-dependent urban growth, agglomeration economies and congestion externalities in contemporary Athens
Authors: Postigliola Michele , Salvati Luca 
Published: September 2023

AbstractDespite a long settlement history, empirical investigations of the role of path dependency in the long-term evolution of human populations are scarce in Europe, and especially in the Mediterranean countries. Using spatially explicit econometric techniques, our study discusses the empirical evidence stemming from a quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of population growth rates in 115 districts of metropolitan Athens (Greece) over one century, distinguishing path dependency from the impact of other socio-economic forces on long-term urban expansion. The empirical findings of this study clarify how path-dependent regulation of population growth was heterogeneous over time and space, and depends on the specific stage of the city life cycle. After an initial period when path-independent population expansion reflected the inherent impact of exogenous shocks, path-dependent growth was associated with compact urbanization governed by agglomeration and scale advantages. Path-dependent growth was less intense during suburbanization, when the population spread over larger areas.
Evaluation of a modified paediatric early warning score for children with congenital heart disease
Authors: Commotio Simone , Leister Nicolas , Menzel Christoph , Ulrichs Christoph , Wetsch Wolfgang A. , Emmel Mathias , Trieschmann Uwe 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackground:Paediatric early warning score systems are used for early detection of clinical deterioration of patients in paediatric wards. Several paediatric early warning scores have been developed, but most of them are not suitable for children with cyanotic CHD who are adapted to lower arterial oxygen saturation.Aim:The present study compared the original paediatric early warning system of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland with a modification for children with cyanotic CHD.Design:Retrospective single-centre study in a paediatric cardiology intermediate care unit at a German university hospital.Results:The distribution of recorded values showed a significant shift towards higher score values in patients with cyanotic CHD (p < 0.001) using the original score, but not with the modification. An analysis of sensitivity and specificity for the factor “requirement of action” showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic for non-cyanotic patients of 0.908 (95% CI 0.862–0.954). For patients with cyanotic CHD, using the original score, the area under the receiver operating characteristic was reduced to 0.731 (95% CI 0.637–0.824, p = 0.001) compared to 0.862 (95% CI 0.809–0.915, p = 0.207), when the modified score was used. Using the critical threshold of scores ≥ 4 in patients with cyanotic CHD, sensitivity and specificity for the modified score was higher than for the original (sensitivity 78.8 versus 72.7%, specificity 78.2 versus 58.4%).Conclusion:The modified score is a uniform scoring system for identifying clinical deterioration, which can be used in children with and without cyanotic CHD.