bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicochemical characteristics and digestive properties of cell wall polysaccharides fractionated from sunflower meal
Authors: Xu Shuai , Wu Zhong‐Wei , Shi Ke‐Quan , Jin Yu‐Xuan , Guo Qing , Liu Hua‐Min , Qin Zhao , Wang Xue‐De 
Published: September 2023

SummaryTo further utilise plant protein in oilseeds, it is vital to understand the structural and digestive characteristics of cell wall polysaccharides fractionated from sunflower meal. Water, chelator (cyclohexane‐trans‐1,2‐diaminetetra‐acetate, CDTA), sodium carbonate, 1 mol L−1 KOH, and 4 mol L−1 KOH were used to sequentially extract polysaccharides from sunflower meal, yielding samples that were labelled WSP, CSP, NSP, KS1, and KS4, respectively. Results indicated that galactose (1,6‐β‐D‐Galp) was the major sugar unit in WSP, while arabinose (1,3‐α‐L‐Araf and 1,5‐α‐L‐Araf) was the major sugar in the other four fractions. KS4 showed the highest molecular weight and the lowest thermal stability. The surface of the five polysaccharides was shown to be heterogeneous using SEM and AFM, with KS4 having the highest average size. The molecular weight of the five polysaccharides decreased during simulated digestion in vitro. It was noteworthy that the structures of KS1 and KS4 were harder to destroy than the other three fractions. These two polysaccharides are perhaps what makes sunflower protein difficult to digest, thereby decreasing its nutritional value.
Investigation of quantitative changes in bioactive compounds, colour properties, phenolic constituents and mineral contents of fresh, boiled and dried‐pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds
Authors: Younis Mahmoud , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryIn this study, the changes in bioactive properties, phenolic compound profile and mineral results of fresh, boiled and dried pea seeds were investigated. It was observed that the total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity results of heat‐treated peas were decreased when compared to the control. Total carotenoid result of peas dried in oven and microwave were significantly increased compared to control and boiled peas (P < 0.05). Oven or microwave heating treatments increased the L* values of samples, while boiling caused a decrease in L* results. As with the bioactive properties of peas, the phenolic component amounts of peas were also low in the dried samples, and a linear correlation was obtained between the phenolic components and bioactive properties of the treated pea seeds. The highest protein content was detected in the peas dried in the conventional heater. Both fresh and dried peas are rich in K, P, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Zn. K results of fresh and dried pea samples ranged from 19 258.50 (boiling) to 23 820.31 ppm (dw; oven).
Measuring learning from others: The development and validation of the Proactive Social Informal Learning Questionnaire
Authors: Crans Samantha , Froehlich Dominik , Segers Mien , Beausaert Simon 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThe present study aims to develop, validate, and cross‐validate an instrument measuring three proactive social informal learning activities, namely feedback seeking, help seeking and information seeking. Prior research mainly focused on detecting or measuring the frequency of these seeking behaviours and did not consider whether the information, help or feedback that has been sought was also used. Furthermore, although these seeking behaviours were studied extensively in different research fields, the current study takes a learning perspective and interprets feedback, help and information seeking as learning activities. The questionnaire was completed by a convenient sample of 650 professionals working in higher education, consultancy, retail and food production. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (N = 230 educators) to explore the structure of the questionnaire. This was followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (N = 230 educators) to confirm the structure. Finally, we cross‐validated the questionnaire in a sample of business professionals (N = 190) by testing for measurement invariance. The final questionnaire resulted in a five‐factor structure measuring the (1) Use of Feedback Seeking, (2) Frequency of Help and Information Seeking, (3) Use of Help seeking, (4) Use of Information Seeking and (5) Frequency of Feedback Seeking. The current study presents a preliminary, yet promising instrument that taps into proactive social informal learning.
Women's happiness levels based on labour force status in Türkiye: A pseudo‐panel perspective
Authors: Ermiş‐Mert Aslı 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article examines the impact of mainly being in different labour force statuses on women's happiness levels in Türkiye. Other predictors include educational level, household income and what makes one the happiest. Ordered logistic regression models are used by implementing a pseudo‐panel approach. Findings demonstrate that unemployed women are less likely to be happier relative to women in paid work. There is a statistically significant higher likelihood for housewives to report being happier compared to employed women throughout the years for the same cohort, which could be associated with the (socially structured) fulfilment brought about by the conformity to traditional gender roles in a context where these norms are widely adopted, and concurrently the circumstances diminishing working women's happiness at home and in the job market. The probability to report being very happy is the highest for highly educated housewives who have a high level of household income, yet it decreases over time for the cohort observed. Findings refer to the importance of enhancing the well‐being of women in paid work via supporting equal domestic division of labour patterns and improving their conditions in the labour market.
Gaps in education and marital dissolution: Evidence from India
Authors: Maiti Surya Nath 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIndia has had a low divorce rate only recently, but the divorce rate is rising following the international trend. The rising divorce rate has gained considerable attention among social scientists. The paper identifies gaps in spouses’ educational attainment as a potential cause of rising failed marriages in India. Using a nationally representative large survey dataset, namely the fourth round of the District Level Household Survey, we show that the likelihood of divorce and separation is higher among women who are comparatively more educated than their partners. Moreover, the likelihood increases as the positive education gap increases. The incidences of divorce are significant among those residing in rural areas, educated up to secondary and beyond, and unemployed despite being more educated than their husbands. Although the results show that women are gaining autonomy in deciding whether to move out of marriages, the government must provide free education for women, at least up to the secondary standard, as being more educated than their partner does not provide them the autonomy to dissolve their marriages unless they are educated at least up to secondary standard.
Problematising EU Cybersecurity: Exploring How the Single Market Functions as a Security Practice
Authors: Liebetrau Tobias 
Published: September 2023

AbstractThis article furthers the debate between European Studies and Critical Security Studies by demonstrating how European Union (EU) single market integration functions as a security practice in the area of cybersecurity. It explores how the EU has rendered digitisation as a security concern and cybersecurity emerged as an object of EU governance by developing an analytical approach based on problematisation. Situating the problematisation approach in the genealogical tradition of Foucault, it argues that it provides us with an analytical toolbox enabling inquiry into the conditions that make contemporary security problems possible, powerful and changeable. Tracing EU security problematisations of digitisation over four decades, it shows how the single market has come to function as a security practice and stresses the political implications of it. The final part of the article re‐problematises the findings to afford insights into how they can be rethought at the intersection of European Studies and Critical Security Studies.
Microstructural study of apple slices during hot air‐explosion puffing drying
Authors: Yuan Yuejin , Deng Zhining , Wang Dong , Xu Yingying , Kong Lingbo , Hong Chen , Yuan Yueding 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn order to reveal the change laws of microstructure in apple slices during hot air‐explosion puffing drying, the microstructure images and parameters of apple slices under different drying conditions were obtained by using paraffin sectioning, microscopic observation, and image processing techniques with apples as raw material and CO2 as drying medium. Subsequently, the changes in internal cell and pore structure of dried apple slices were analyzed, as well as the relationship between micro‐parameters of apple slices and macro‐measurement indicators was further obtained. Results indicated that the overall cross‐sectional area, cross‐sectional perimeter, equivalent diameter, and porosity of cells increased by explosion puffing drying, while the cell roundness and wall roughness factors changed relatively little. Meanwhile, macro–micro parameters of expanded apples were fitted and analyzed. Then, the obtained mathematical model showed a nonlinear correlation as experimental and predicted results exhibited good agreement, with determination coefficients R2 more significant than 0.8, which could better expect the macro–microparameters to change in the drying process. The results of this research could provide an essential reference for exploring the change laws of tissue microstructure parameters in apples dried by hot air‐explosion puffing drying, with expansion and rehydration ratios under different experimental conditions, as well as optimizing the puffing drying process and designing corresponding drying equipment.Practical ApplicationsFresh apples have high moisture content and are not easy to store, so drying is usually used to reduce the moisture content to extend shelf time and increase economic benefits. For the drying process of fruit and vegetable products, scholars mainly focused on the influence of microstructure parameters on moisture migration, drying rate, heat and mass transfer and other factors, but did not give a quantitative description of how microstructure parameters affect macroscopic parameters. In this article, the relationship between microstructural changes and macroscopic indicators was investigated by taking puffed apple slices as an example. Research could provide an essential reference for exploring the change laws of tissue microstructure parameters in apples dried by hot air‐explosion puffing drying, with expansion and rehydration ratios under different experimental conditions, as well as optimizing the puffing drying process and designing corresponding drying equipment.
Law, language, and the power of ‘invisible threats’ of violence against women
Authors: TURNER CATHERINE , SWAINE AISLING 
Published: September 2023

AbstractViolence, and the threat of violence, is a pervasive feature of women's lives. From high‐profile threats in politics to everyday harms such as domestic abuse, violence, threat, and intimidation control women's behaviour and silence their voices. Yet in many cases the pernicious and harmful effect of threat is not captured by the law. Drawing on the work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and empirical research undertaken in Northern Ireland, this article analyses the ways in which both objective and ‘incorporated’ social structures generate invisible forces of fear and threat that the law does not see, but that women feel and structure their lives around. The article develops the novel conceptual tool of ‘invisible threats’ to capture threat as harm, to show the relation between threat and gendered (in)securities, and to challenge institutions of the law to respond better to invisible threats as perceived and articulated by women.
Retrospective evaluation of ceruminous gland tumors confined to the external ear canal of dogs and cats treated with biopsy and CO2 laser ablation
Authors: Pieper Jason B. , Noxon James O. , Berger Darren J. 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundTreatments currently available for ceruminous gland tumors include surgery and radiation therapy, which come with high financial costs and frequent complication and recurrence rates.HypothesisTo evaluate the treatment, response, complication, and recurrence of ceruminous gland tumors confirmed with biopsy and ablated using CO2 laser.MethodsRetrospective review of medical records from Iowa State University and the University of Illinois between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2021. Electronic medical records were evaluated for a histopathologically confirmed ceruminous gland tumor via video‐otoscopic aided biopsy and subsequent CO2 laser ablation. Signalment, tumor type, size, location within the ear canal, length of time tumor was present before presentation, advanced imaging, and follow‐up including recurrence were assessed.ResultsFourteen ceruminous gland adenomas (4 dogs, 10 cats) and 12 ceruminous gland adenocarcinomas (7 dogs, 5 cats) were identified. Bacterial otitis externa was present in 4/26 (15%) animals. Recurrence was identified in 1/14 (7%) ceruminous gland adenomas and 1/12 (8%) ceruminous gland adenocarcinomas.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceVideo‐otoscopic aided biopsy and CO2 laser ablation of ceruminous gland tumors in dogs and cats is a viable treatment option with low recurrence and complication rates with CO2 laser ablation.
Towards multi‐agent reinforcement learning‐driven over‐the‐counter market simulations
Authors: Vadori Nelson , Ardon Leo , Ganesh Sumitra , Spooner Thomas , Amrouni Selim , Vann Jared , Xu Mengda , Zheng Zeyu , Balch Tucker , Veloso Manuela 
Published: September 2023

AbstractWe study a game between liquidity provider (LP) and liquidity taker agents interacting in an over‐the‐counter market, for which the typical example is foreign exchange. We show how a suitable design of parameterized families of reward functions coupled with shared policy learning constitutes an efficient solution to this problem. By playing against each other, our deep‐reinforcement‐learning‐driven agents learn emergent behaviors relative to a wide spectrum of objectives encompassing profit‐and‐loss, optimal execution, and market share. In particular, we find that LPs naturally learn to balance hedging and skewing, where skewing refers to setting their buy and sell prices asymmetrically as a function of their inventory. We further introduce a novel RL‐based calibration algorithm, which we found performed well at imposing constraints on the game equilibrium. On the theoretical side, we are able to show convergence rates for our multi‐agent policy gradient algorithm under a transitivity assumption, closely related to generalized ordinal potential games.
Isotopic constraints on genetic relationships among group IIIF iron meteorites, Fitzwater Pass, and the Zinder pallasite
Authors: Pape Jonas , Zhang Bidong , Spitzer Fridolin , Rubin Alan E. , Kleine Thorsten 
Published: September 2023

AbstractComplex interelement trends among magmatic IIIF iron meteorites are difficult to explain by fractional crystallization and have raised uncertainty about their genetic relationships. Nucleosynthetic Mo isotope anomalies provide a powerful tool to assess if individual IIIF irons are related to each other. However, while trace element data are available for all nine IIIF irons, Mo isotopic data are limited to three samples. We present Mo isotopic data for all but one IIIF irons that help assess the genetic relationships among these irons, together with new Mo and W isotopic data for Fitzwater Pass (classified IIIF), and the Zinder pallasite (for which a cogenetic link with IIIF irons has been proposed). After correction for cosmic‐ray exposure, the Mo isotopic compositions of the IIIF irons are identical within uncertainty and confirm their belonging to carbonaceous chondrite (CC)‐type meteorites. The mean Mo isotopic composition of group IIIF overlaps those groups IIF and IID, but a common parent body for these groups is ruled out based on distinct trace element systematics. The new Mo isotopic data do not argue against a single parent body for the IIIF irons, and suggest a close genetic link among these samples. In contrast, Fitzwater Pass has distinct Mo and W isotopic compositions, identical to those of some non‐magmatic IAB irons. The Mo and W isotope data for Zinder indicate that this meteorite is not related to IIIF irons, but belongs to the non‐carbonaceous (NC) type and has the same Mo and W isotopic composition as main‐group pallasites.
Vaccinating without complete willingness against COVID‐19: Personal and social aspects of Israeli nursing students and faculty members
Authors: Biton Linoy , Shvartsur Rachel , Grinberg Keren , Kagan Ilya , Linetsky Irena , Halperin Ofra , Azab Abed N. , Cohen Odeya 
Published: September 2023

AbstractSoon after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic outbreak, it became clear that vaccination will be the most useful tool to combat the disease. Despite the apparent safety and efficacy of the developed anti‐COVID‐19 vaccines, relatively high percentages of the population worldwide refused to get vaccinated, including many health workers and health students. The present cross‐sectional study examined the motives, attitudes, and personal characteristics of those who did not get vaccinated against COVID‐19 or vaccinated without complete willingness among nursing students and nursing faculty members in Israel (n = 472). Results show that the vast majority of the study participants (97%) received at least one dose of the anti‐COVID‐19 vaccine. Nearly 37% of the participants indicated that they received the vaccine without complete willingness. As compared to faculty members, nursing students reported lower trust in the efficacy of the vaccine, perceived the COVID‐19 pandemic as a health threat to a lesser extent, exhibited lower institutional and personal trust, and had higher levels of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Non‐Jewish participants were at risk of vaccinating without complete willingness. These findings underscore the need for developing evidence‐based strategies to promote the safety and efficacy of the anti‐COVID‐19 vaccines in nursing schools.
m6A mRNA methylation: Biological features, mechanisms, and therapeutic potentials in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ren Yuanyuan , Li Zi , Li Jiaoyu , Liang Rui , Wang Zhen , Bai Yiduo , Yang Yafang , Tang Qian , Fu Yaolei , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhang Yu , Yu Yi , Xiong Yuyan 
Published: September 2023

SummaryAs the most common internal post‐transcriptional RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) performs a dynamic and reversible role in a variety of biological processes mediated by methyltransferases (writers), demethylases (erasers), and m6A binding proteins (readers). M6A methylation enables transcriptome conversion in different signals that regulate various physiological activities and organ development. Over the past few years, emerging studies have identified that mRNA m6A regulators defect in β‐cell leads to abnormal regulation of the target mRNAs, thereby resulting in β‐cell dysfunction and loss of β‐cell identity and mass, which are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathogenesis. Also, mRNA m6A modification has been implicated with insulin resistance in muscles, fat, and liver cells/tissues. In this review, we elaborate on the biological features of m6A methylation; provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying mechanisms that how it controls β‐cell function, identity, and mass as well as insulin resistance; highlight its connections to glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism linking to T2DM; and further discuss its role in diabetes complications and its therapeutic potentials for T2DM diagnosis and treatment.
Return of the evil genius
Authors: Hardman Doug 
Published: September 2023

AbstractIn this essay, I consider whether it makes sense to say that our cognitive capacities—remembering, imagining, intending, hoping, expecting and so on—manifest as inner, subpersonal processes. Given whether something makes sense is a grammatical rather than theoretical or empirical issue, it cannot be explained but can only be better understood by describing and reflecting on situations in which it arises. As such, I approach this issue using the descriptive method of O.K. Bouwsma, which is a development of Wittgenstein's latter methodological approach of conceptually clarifying our bounds of sense. In the course of my investigation, I come to the realisation that cognitive capacities do not, as much psychology and cognitive science imply, make sense as inner, subpersonal processes. Instead, they make sense as personal capacities, which manifest in many ways of acting.
Treatment of superficial and deep partial width second degree burn's wound with allogeneic cord blood platelet gel
Authors: Nilforoushzadeh Mohammad Ali , Torkamaniha Elham , Dahmardehei Mostafa , Amirkhani Mohammad Amir , Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Mansouri Parvin , Hortamani Shamim , Zare Sona 
Published: September 2023

AbstractBackgroundBurns are caused by a variety of mechanisms, including flames, hot liquids, metallurgy, chemicals, electric current, and ionizing and non‐ionizing radiation. The most significant burn wound management involves complete repair and regeneration as soon as possible while minimizing infection, contraction, and scarring in the damaged tissue area. Some factors such as delivery of nutrients, growth factors, and oxygen are essential to promote and stimulate the wound healing progress in the burns area. When these factors are not provided, the burn wound undergoes a physiological crisis. The use of growth factors is a promising approach to overcoming this limitation. Umbilical cord blood platelet concentrates are a rich natural source of growth factors.MethodsThis clinical trial used growth factors released from the lysis of umbilical cord blood platelet concentrates that have a key role in promoting re‐epithelization and regeneration of damaged tissues by forming a fibrin network. This study evaluated the effectiveness of allogeneic cord blood platelet gel topical dressing in a group of patients diagnosed with superficial and deep partial thickness (second‐degree) burn wounds. Clinical outcomes were compared between the intervention group and a control group of patients with superficial second‐degree burn wounds who received the standard routine treatment including paraffin gauze wound dressing and silver sulfadiazine ointment.ResultsThe study's results showed that the increased rate of recovery and tissue granulation completely promoted to wound healing and burn wound closure, decreased the recovery time, and reduced inflammation and scars caused by burn injuries. However, the use of cord blood platelet gel topical dressing is not currently a routine treatment method in patients suffering from burn wounds. However, the study's results showed that allogenic cord blood platelet gel could be used to treat superficial and deep second‐degree burns as a routine treatment. It was also shown that allogenic cord blood platelet gel topical dressing could be a candidate for autograft or after autograft skin transplantation surgery (in donor and recipient sites) instead of skin surgery in some patients.ConclusionAllogeneic topical wound dressing provides an effective treatment that offers a faster rate of epithelialization and healing of wounds and also decreases patients’ scar and inflammation level as well as the length of recovery time. This, finally, leads to better burn wound management and the improved quality of burn wound treatment.