bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caracterización de comunidades bacterianas establecidas en un reactor biológico fijo para el tratamiento de efluentes domésticos
Authors: Zúñiga Hernández Erandy Mirell , Ramos López Miguel Ángel , Zavala Gómez Carlos Eduardo , Campos Guillén Juan , Ledesma García Janet , Arriaga Hurtado Luis Gerardo , Amaro Reyes Aldo , Sandoval Cárdenas Diana Issell , Rodríguez Morales José Alberto 
Published: June 2023

El tratamiento biológico es el más utilizado para las aguas residuales domésticas. El reactor de lecho fijo es una biopelícula de microorganismos capaces de degradar la materia orgánica, y es una alternativa eficiente en comparación con los sistemas convencionales, ya que aumenta la superficie de contacto entre el microorganismo y la materia orgánica. El presente trabajo se centra en la adaptación, aclimatación y uso de lodo activado para la formación de una biopelícula en un biorreactor para el tratamiento de efluentes domésticos con un soporte PET; se comprobó que dicho material es factible para ser implementado como medio de soporte. El sistema de lecho fijo se mantuvo en operación durante 150 días, utilizando agua residual doméstica como sustrato, y evaluando la eficiencia del reactor por medio de parámetros de calidad de agua. La diversidad microbiana se evaluó por análisis de ARNr 16S. Las eficiencias de remoción de la Demanda Química de Oxigeno (DQO) y Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigeno (DBO) fueron mayores del 90 % y se logró la neutralización del efluente con características alcalinas. El tiempo de tratamiento fue de 4 h. Se identificaron 11 Phylum bacterianos correspondientes para biopelícula y 8 en suspensión, donde los principales grupos bacterianos fueron Proteobacterias, Bacteroidetes y Firmicutes. El tiempo de tratamiento disminuyó en un 50 % respecto a los sistemas convencionales. La identificación de los Phylum permite comprender mejor la complejidad de las estructuras bacterianas en aguas residuales y como interviene en la eficiencia de los procesos del tratamiento de aguas residuales.
Simulation of the rainfall–runoff relationship using an HEC-HMS hydrological model for Dabus Subbasin, Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Yilma Zemede Landu , Kebede Habtamu Hailu 
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Hydrological modeling is important to provide relevant hydrologic information from limited data. In this study, Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) was used to simulate the rainfall–runoff relationship for the Dabus subbasin of the Blue Nile Basin. Daily precipitation and stream flow data from 2002 to 2019 were used as key input data for the model, together with soil and land use/land cover data, and a digital elevation model of the study area. Arc-GIS was employed in combination with Arc Hydro and HEC-GeoHMS tools for terrain processing and translating spatial information into model files for HEC-HMS, respectively. Model calibration was done with data from 2002 to 2014, while the validation was done from 2015 to 2019. Nash-Sutcliffe simulation efficiency (NSE), observation standardized ratio (RSR), and coefficient of correlation (R2) were used to assess the performance of the model. With NSE, RSR, and R2 values of 0.784, 0.334, and 0.816 for calibration, and 0.793, 0.323, and 0.875 for validation, the model simulation of stream flows was found in good agreement with the observed values. Therefore, the HEC-HMS model can be utilized to predict stream flows in ungauged catchments in the Dabus subbasin from measured rainfall data for proper water resource planning and management.
A Comprehensive Study on Peppermint Oil and Cinnamon Oil as
Nanoemulsion: Preparation, Stability, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial,
Antifungal, and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Özakar Emrah , Alparslan Levent , Adıgüzel M. Cemal , Torkay Gülşah , Baran Alper , Bal-Öztürk Ayça , Sevinç-Özakar Rukiye 
Published: June 2023

Background:
Recent studies have shown that nanoemulsions prepared with essential oils
have significant antimicrobial potential against multidrug-resistant pathogens due to increased chemical
stability. Nanoemulsion also promotes controlled and sustained release, which increases their bioavailability
and efficacy against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity
properties of cinnamon essential oil and peppermint essential oil as nanoemulsions compared to pure
forms. For this purpose, analyses of the selected stable nanoemulsions were carried out.

Method:
The droplet sizes and zeta potentials of peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and cinnamon
essential oil nanoemulsions were found to be 154.6±1.42 nm and -17.1±0.68 mV and 200.3±4.71 nm
and -20.0±0.81 mV, respectively. Although the amount of essential oil used in nanoemulsions was 25% w/w,
antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were found to be more effective compared to pure essential oils.

Results:
In cytotoxicity studies on the 3T3 cell line, both essential oil nanoemulsions showed higher cell
viability than pure essential oils. At the same time, cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions exhibited a
higher antioxidant property than peppermint essential oil nanoemulsions and showed superiority in the
antimicrobial susceptibility test conducted against four bacteria and two fungi. Cell viability tests determined
that cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions showed considerably higher cell viability compared
to pure cinnamon essential oil.

Conclusion:
These findings indicated that the prepared nanoemulsions in the current study might positively
influence the dosing regimen and clinical outcomes of antibiotic therapy.
Study on the Effect of Polyoctadecyl Acrylate on Daqing Waxy Oil
Authors: Yang Yihai , Sun Zhengnan , Jing Guolin , Liu Yang , Xu Jianqi , Zhang Lina , Tao Hongyu 
Published: June 2023

Introduction:
Crude oil is a complex mixture consisting of different hydrocarbons
such as resins, asphaltenes, aromatics and paraffins. Wax deposition in oil pipelines is
considered to be one of the most serious flow assurance problems.

Method:
In order to obtain a pour point depressant with a better effect on Daqing waxy
crude oil, a model oil containing Daqing paraffin was investigated. Polyoctadecyl acrylate
was prepared by taking polymerization of octadecyl acrylate monomer under the corresponding
reaction conditions. The pour point and viscosity were measured after adding the
pour point depressant into the waxy model oil.

Results:
The experimental results showed that the best pour point reduction effect of polyoctadecyl
acrylate was achieved when the mass of octadecyl acrylate monomer was 40wt%
of the total mass (the sum of the mass of solute octadecyl acrylate and solvent toluene), the
reaction temperature was 80 °C, the reaction time was 6 h, and the amount of initiator was
0.15wt% under the condition that toluene was used as the solvent. The addition of polyoctadecyl
acrylate effectively inhibits the appearance of wax crystals and makes the distribution
of wax crystals more dispersed.

Conclusion:
The optimal pour point depressant concentration was found to be 800 mg/kg.
The alkyl side chains of polyoctadecyl acrylate allow co-crystallization with the waxy
crystals and thus their dispersion, while its polar groups can weaken the interactions between
the wax crystals.
Linierisasi Model Sistem Ball and Beam dan Metode Kendali LQG Berbasis MATLAB-Simulink
Authors: Suwardi Hanifah , Choir Anisa Septyaning , Nurrahma Salima , Hudati Imroatul 
Published: June 2023

Abstract – There are some unstable control systems, it can be an important problem in control, like systems in aerospace and flight. This can be studied simply in the ball and beam system. The ball and beam system uses an LQG (Linear Quadratic Gaussian) controller to determine the effect of stability and optimal system to reach the set point and the results of the slope angle on the beam at the set point. There is a combination of LQR with the element matrix parameters Q and R which can be searched using a trial and error technique with the condition that the Q matrix is a positive semidefinite while the R matrix is a positive definite matrix. As well as the use of gain Kalman filter as an estimator. Two experiments are given on the Q and R matrix elements which will be used in three distance/position displacement tests. The design of LQG on ball and beam systems is carried out in the MATLAB-Simulink software. Then the results of the angle of inclination of the beam (beam) obtained 14° to make the ball reach a set point of 10 cm, 17° for a set point of 20 cm, and 28° for a set point of 30 cm. Keywords – ball and beam, angle, LQG, LQR, linearizationIntisari –Sistem kontrol yang tidak stabil menjadi sebuah masalah yang penting dalam pengontrolan, seperti sistem dalam aerospace dan penerbangan. Hal ini dapat dipelajari secara sederhana pada sistem ball and beam. Pada sistem ball and beam digunakan pengontrol LQG (linear quadratic gaussian) untuk mengetahui pengaruh stabilitas maupun optimalnya sistem mencapai set point serta hasil kemiringan sudut pada balok (beam) pada titik set point. Terdapat kombinasi LQR dengan parameter matriks elemen Q dan R yang dapat dicari menggunakan teknik trial and error dengan syarat matriks Q ialah semidefinite positive sedangkan matriks R ialah matrik definit positif Serta penggunaan gain filter Kalman sebagai estimator. Dilakukan dua eksperimen pada elemen matriks Q dan R yang akan digunakan pada tiga pengujian perpindahan jarak/posisi. Rancangan LQG pada sistem ball dan beam dilakukan di software MATLAB-Simulink. Diperoleh hasil sudut kemiringan beam sebesar 14° untuk membuat ball mencapai di posisi set point 10 cm, 17° untuk set point 20 cm, dan 28° untuk set point 30 cm.Kata kunci – ball and beam, sudut, LQG, LQR, linierisasi
Lectura, biografía y autobiografía en Allá en lo verde Hudson y Si la Argentina fuera una novela (La novela nacional), de Arnaldo Calveyra
Authors: Maranguello Carolina 
Published: June 2023

Entre fines de la década de 1980 y mediados de la siguiente, Arnaldo Calveyra escribe dos libros en los que recupera la figura de William Henry Hudson: Si la Argentina fuera una novela (2000) y Allá en lo verde Hudson (2012), retomando fragmentos de Far Away and Long Ago (1918), las memorias del escritor, entre otras referencias a ensayistas y escritores de la tradición nacional. El trazado fragmentario de la biografía de Hudson le permite a Calveyra inscribir su propia historia personal, indagar su linaje familiar (a partir de su bisabuelo exiliado del rosismo) y abrir espectralmente las coordenadas espaciales (entre París y las lomas entrerrianas) y temporales (desde el siglo XX al siglo XIX). Considerando las recurrencias temáticas y tonales, pero también las diferencias entre ambos libros, se indagará la relación entre biografía y autobiografía y las formas de conversación que Calveyra entabla con las figuras biografiadas: a partir del pasaje de la correspondencia epistolar al “libro-ágora” en Si la Argentina fuera una novela; y a partir de la elaboración de una biografía artesanal en Allá en lo verde Hudson en el que la relectura, la copia, el montaje y la glosa habilitan el desprendimiento de su propios recuerdos.
Matrimonio y escritura en colaboración. El caso de Emma de la Barra y Julio Llanos
Authors: Boiola Karina 
Published: June 2023

La escritora argentina Emma de la Barra (1861-1947) es a menudo recordada por un hito que marcó su carrera literaria y las lecturas críticas que se hicieron de ella: la publicación de su primera novela, Stella, en 1905. Esa obra suele evocarse como el primer best seller de la literatura argentina y, debido al éxito comercial que conoció en su tiempo, la atención que se le da a ese libro suele empañar su trayectoria posterior. En este artículo reflexionaré sobre cómo la reconstrucción de la trayectoria vital de esta escritora permite realizar un acercamiento biográfico a su obra que la ilumina desde otra perspectiva. Específicamente, me detendré en el vínculo afectivo y profesional que De la Barra mantuvo con el escritor, periodista y político Julio Llanos, su segundo marido. Al respecto, consideraré la cuestión de lo matrimonial en Stella y en otros textos que la autora publicó en la prensa periódica, para así indagar en las diversas formas de la colaboración que llevó a cabo este matrimonio de escritores.
Numerical Compliance with EU Fiscal Rules: Facts and Figures from a New Database
Authors: Larch Martin , Malzubris Janis , Santacroce Stefano 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
EU fiscal rules are meant to keep public finances on a sustainable path. This paper presents a new database that tracks numerical compliance with the four main rules of the Stability and Growth Pact starting in 1998. Our assessment of numerical compliance abstracts from the many exceptions and elements of discretion allowed by the letter and the spirit of EU law. It focuses on the main course of action implied by the rules. Overall, our database points to a very mixed compliance record. On average – across countries, years and rules – budgetary policies of the EU member states are compliant in just over half of the cases with stark and persistent differences across countries. We also detect a distinct cyclical pattern of compliance, which sends false signals of safety in good times.
What Can Ukraine Learn from Aufbau Ost?
Authors: Blum Ulrich 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
This article uses Aufbau Ost (or reconstruction of the East) of the new German states as a structural model to estimate the possible costs of an Aufbau Ost 2.0 of Ukraine while taking institutional differences into account. Based on three approaches, the model is validated for the new German states – namely capital coefficients, actual investment flows and actual public transfers – and applied to Ukraine. Key indicators for Germany from 2021 are used as a basis. The economic goal for Ukraine set in this article is to reach Poland’s present level of prosperity in 15 years, which implies a growth rate of 9% per year. This will require a total of US $8.5 trillion over 15 years, which can, however, be financed to a considerable extent by endogenous, investment-driven economic growth if the institutional framework conditions are designed in a market-economy way, especially the taxation system. Transfers and capital imports must close a current account deficit of about US $200 billion per year.
Upturn Over – Interest Rates Weigh Heavily on Housing Construction
Authors: Just Tobias 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In 2021, 293,000 dwellings were completed in Germany. This is at least 130,000 more than were completed at the low point in 2010, but less than the government had planned in order to limit the housing shortage. It is very likely, that residential construction is going to decline following the strong increase in interest rates and already falling residential prices. This decline in residential construction can only be expected in the short term; in the medium term there are good reasons to believe that Germany has not finished building. It is therefore important to ensure that the elasticity of construction supply is not reduced during this adjustment phase.
Beschäftigung in der Autoindustrie wandelt sich
Authors: Jost Oskar , Nivorozhkin Anton 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The long-term changes in the aggregate tasks (activities) of employees in the German automotive industry are analysed. The central question is whether the observed changes in activities occur within occupations or are driven by the reallocation of employees between occupations. International studies show that most of the aggregate changes occur within occupations. Our findings confirm these results for Germany. They also show that many occupations have the capacity to adapt and that the fear of joblessness due to technological change seems disproportionate.
Hyperinflation, kollektives Gedächtnis und Zentralbankunabhängigkeit
Authors: Neyer Ulrike , Stempel Daniel 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The German hyperinflation in 1923 was caused by monetary financing of the highly deficient German state budget by a dependent central bank. The social and economic consequences of the hyperinflation were disastrous. Combined with an instable political atmosphere, paving the way for the rise of the Nazis, the hyperinflation is deeply etched in the German collective memory. It is this collective memory that shapes the current institutional framework of the ECB. While risk aversion and institutional imprint of the ECB’S policy makers differ, the ECB’s institutional framework ensures that current inflation will not evolve into a hyperinflation.
Einspruch gegen Übertreibungen
Authors: Hüther Michael 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The monetary policy of the European Central Bank has raised questions in the recent past because of the expansive course it has maintained for too long. The policies of the ECB in recent months and announcements about the next steps also raise questions. For years, the doves in the Eurosystem had the power of interpretation and decision-making, but this now seems to lie with the hawks. After the expansive exaggerations, a restrictive phase now threatens. Such debates are reminiscent of a comparable situation 30 years ago, when the German National Bank, after reunification, embarked on a restrictive course with the same force, which irritated even committed economists, stated Olaf Sievert, longstanding chairman of the Council of Economic Experts, in 1992 in Wirtschaftsdienst.
Neue Klimaschutzregeln für den europäischen Luftverkehr – Chancen und Risiken
Authors: Scheelhaase Janina , Grimme Wolfgang , Maertens Sven 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
In December 2022, the EU Commission, the EU Parliament and the EU Council agreed on new climate protection policy measures for European air transport within the framework of the so-called trialogue. The trilogue decision means that European aviation will make a greater contribution to climate protection in the future, as the regulations of the EU emissions trading system will be tightened and incentives for the increasing use of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) will be introduced at the same time. Whether further measures proposed as part of the Fit for 55 package, such as a European kerosene tax, will be introduced in the future is currently open. This paper provides an overview of the new climate protection regulations that will affect European aviation in the future and the opportunities and risks that will arise from an environmental and economic perspective.
China als Sanktionsmacht: eine Abwägung
Authors: Klein Martin , Goux Maximilien 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The EU’s search for a new China strategy is driven by the fear of economic dependence on China. There are also concerns about reprisals, particularly in the form of economic sanctions. In official statements, China rejects the use of sanctions and historical data show that it has used sanctions very rarely compared to the USA. On closer inspection, however, it becomes apparent that China does leverage its growing economic power to put pressure on other countries, albeit not in the form of officially declared sanctions. Against the background of empirical studies on the effectiveness of economic sanctions, we discuss the prospects of success of this policy. We show that the vulnerability of Western European countries has increased during the past few decades.
Die ökonomischen Effekte von Sanktionen – Schlagkraft, Zielerreichung, Nebeneffekte
Authors: Yalçin Erdal 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Sanctions represent a prominent coercive tool that has been utilised extensively in addressing political tensions between nations. These measures are imposed both unilaterally and in alliances of states, and have become increasingly prevalent since the Second World War. In the previous century, particularly before the WWII, trade restrictions and comprehensive economic blockades were the dominant tools to sanction. In contrast, in today’s more interconnected and globalised world, sanctions take on a variety of forms, such as international financial restrictions, travel bans, trade restrictions on specific goods, cancellation of military aid, and targeted measures like flight bans and port closures. The increasing demand for and use of international sanctions raises a fundamental question: Do sanctions lead to political success?
Getreidehandel und Exportbeschränkungen während des Ukrainekrieges
Authors: Götz Linde , Svanidze Miranda 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Supply chain disruptions related to the Ukraine war have led to a decline in wheat exports from Russia and Ukraine to African countries, which has been largely offset by an increase in wheat exports from other countries. However, fears that disruptions in the grain supply chain will be exacerbated by Russia’s use of grain exports as a weapon and the expansion of economic and financial sanctions by Western countries, as well as the threat of the termination of the Black Sea Grain Initiative, have greatly increased risks in the global grain supply chain. Food security in African countries has therefore been mainly negatively affected by rising food prices, which have limited access to food and thus food security.
Und täglich grüßt das Murmeltier: Die frühe Bildung muss endlich stärker in den Fokus rücken!
Authors: Katharina Spieß C. 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Given the high benefits of early education, it is particularly noteworthy that new studies of child development during and shortly after the coronavirus pandemic show negative effects on children. This is true for cognitive and non-cognitive skills as well as mental health. Children from low SES families are particularly affected. Although there are fewer studies for preschool children, the few studies that do exist show similar effects; in particular, the closure of daycare centers had a negative impact on children. Last but not least, parental well-being was affected during the pandemic, which will further impact children’s development. The article briefly discusses policy responses in light of these findings. Overall, it argues that education policy should place a much greater emphasis on early education and be more targeted.
Können höhere Löhne zur Überwindung des Fachkräftemangels beitragen?
Authors: Fuest Clemens , Jäger Simon 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
Germany faces an intense debate around labor and skills shortages. The authors argue that increased competition in the labor market and consequently higher wages and better working conditions are a crucial factor to address labor scarcity. This does not mean that other measures to combat labor scarcity, such as reforms to the immigration system, provision of childcare, or tax disincentives are redundant. However, as the demographic transition will dramatically reduce labor supply, increased competition for labor is important to allocate a scarce factor more efficiently.
Strategische Handelspolitik 2.0
Authors: Petersen Thieß 
Published: June 2023

Abstract
The theory of strategic trade policy came into being in the early 1980s. It addressed the question of how a country can increase its own economic welfare through state intervention in the case of oligopolistic world markets. Today, there are many reasons that justify government intervention in foreign trade: Cluster risks in importing raw materials and intermediate inputs, different responses to the negative externalities of greenhouse gas emissions, monopolies in the digital economy, and the growing importance of geopolitical considerations. These developments are likely to lead to a renaissance of strategic trade policy interventions, i.e. subsidies, investment controls and trade restrictions, to name only the most important ones.