bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutrophils for Revascularization Require Activation of CCR6 and CCL20 by TNFα
Authors: Lörchner Holger , Cañes Esteve Laia , Góes Maria Elisa , Harzenetter Roxanne , Brachmann Nathalie , Gajawada Praveen , Günther Stefan , Doll Nicolas , Pöling Jochen , Braun Thomas 
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND:
Activation of immune-inflammatory pathways involving TNFα (tumor necrosis factor alpha) signaling is critical for revascularization and peripheral muscle tissue repair after ischemic injury. However, mechanisms of TNFα-driven inflammatory cascades directing recruitment of proangiogenic immune cells to sites of ischemia are unknown.

METHODS:
Muscle tissue revascularization after permanent femoral artery ligation was monitored in mutant mice by laser Doppler imaging and light sheet fluorescence microscopy. TNFα-mediated signaling and the role of the CCL20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20)-CCR6 (C-C chemokine receptor 6) axis for formation of new vessels was studied in vitro and in vivo using bone marrow transplantation, flow cytometry, as well as biochemical and molecular biological techniques.

RESULTS:

TNFα-mediated activation of TNFR (tumor necrosis factor receptor) 1 but not TNFR2 was found to be required for postischemic muscle tissue revascularization. Bone marrow–derived CCR6
+
neutrophil granulocytes were identified as a previously undescribed TNFα-induced population of proangiogenic neutrophils, characterized by increased expression of VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A). Mechanistically, postischemic activation of TNFR1 induced expression of the CCL20 in vascular cells and promoted translocation of the CCL20 receptor CCR6 to the cell surface of neutrophils, essentially conditioning VEGFA-expressing proangiogenic neutrophils for CCL20-dependent recruitment to sites of ischemia. Moreover, impaired revascularization of ischemic peripheral muscle tissue in diabetic mice was associated with reduced numbers of proangiogenic neutrophils and diminished CCL20 expression. Administration of recombinant CCL20 enhanced recruitment of proangiogenic neutrophils and improved revascularization of diabetic ischemic skeletal muscles, which was sustained by sequential treatment with fluvastatin.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrate that site-specific activation of the CCL20-CCR6 axis via TNFα recruits proangiogenic VEGFA-expressing neutrophils to sites of ischemic injury for initiation of muscle tissue revascularization. The findings provide an attractive option for tissue revascularization, particularly under diabetic conditions.
Changes in Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients With Heart Failure and Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: The COAPT Trial
Authors: Pio Stephan M. , Medvedofsky Diego , Stassen Jan , Delgado Victoria , Namazi Farnaz , Weissman Neil J. , Grayburn Paul , Kar Saibal , Lim D. Scott , Zhou Zhipeng , Alu Maria C. , Redfors Björn , Kapadia Samir , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Abraham William T. , Mack Michael J. , Asch Federico M. , Stone Gregg W. , Bax Jeroen J. 
Published: August 2023

Background
Left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) provides incremental prognostic information over LV ejection fraction in patients with heart failure (HF) and secondary mitral regurgitation. We examined the prognostic impact of LV GLS improvement in this population.

Methods and Results

The COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation) trial randomized symptomatic patients with HF with severe (3+/4+) mitral regurgitation to transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair with the MitraClip device plus maximally tolerated guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) versus GDMT alone. LV GLS was measured at baseline and 6‐month follow‐up. The relationship between the improvement in LV GLS from baseline to 6 months and the composite of all‐cause death or HF hospitalization between 6‐ and 24‐month follow‐up were assessed. Among 383 patients, 174 (45.4%) had improved LV GLS at 6‐month follow‐up (83/195 [42.6%] with transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair+GDMT and 91/188 [48.4%] with GDMT alone;
P
=0.25). Improvement in LV GLS was strongly associated with reduced death or HF hospitalization between 6 and 24 months (
P
<0.009), with similar risk reduction in both treatment arms (
P
interaction
=0.40). By multivariable analysis, LV GLS improvement at 6 months was independently associated with a lower risk of death or HF hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.55 [95% CI, 0.36–0.83];
P
=0.009), death (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.29–0.81];
P
=0.006), and HF hospitalization (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31–0.81];
P
=0.005) between 6 and 24 months.

Conclusions
Among patients with HF and severe mitral regurgitation in the COAPT trial, improvement in LV GLS at 6‐month follow‐up was associated with improved outcomes after both transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair and GDMT alone between 6 and 24 months.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01626079.
Disparities in Stroke Incidence Over Time by Sex and Age in Latin America and the Caribbean Region 1997 to 2021: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nuñez Marilaura , Delfino Carlos , Asenjo‐Lobos Claudia , Schilling Andrea , Lavados Pablo , Anderson Craig S. , Muñoz Venturelli Paula 
Published: August 2023

Background
High‐income country studies show unfavorable trends in stroke incidence (SI) in younger populations. We aimed to estimate temporal change in SI disaggregated by age and sex in Latin America and the Caribbean region.

Methods and Results

A search strategy was used in MEDLINE, WOS, and LILACS databases from 1997 to 2021, including prospective population‐based observational studies with first‐ever stroke incidence in Latin America. Reports without data broken down by age and sex were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with The Joanna Briggs Institute's guide. The main outcomes were incidence rate ratio and relative temporal trend ratio of SI, comparing time periods before 2010 with after 2010. Pooled relative temporal trend ratios considering only studies with 2 periods in the same population were calculated by random‐effects meta‐analysis. Meta‐regression analysis was used to evaluate incidence rate determinants. From 9242 records identified, 6 studies were selected including 4483 first‐ever stroke in 4 101 084 individuals. Crude incidence rate ratio in younger subjects (<55 years) comparing before 2010:after 2010 periods showed an increase in SI in the past decade (incidence rate ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.23–1.50]), in contrast to a decrease in older people during the same period (incidence rate ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.76–0.89]). Overall relative temporal trend ratio (<55:≥55 years) was 1.65 (95 CI%, 1.50–1.80), with higher increase in young women (pooled relative temporal trend ratio, 3.08 [95% CI, 1.18–4.97];
P
for heterogeneity <0.001).

Conclusions
An unfavorable change in SI in young people, especially in women, was detected in population‐based studies in the past decade in Latin America and the Caribbean. Further investigation of the explanatory variables is required to ameliorate stroke prevention and inform local decision‐makers.

Registration

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
Identifier: CRD42022332563.
Clinical and Vessel Characteristics Associated With Hard Outcomes After PCI and Their Combined Prognostic Implications
Authors: Yang Seokhun , Hwang Doyeon , Zhang Jinlong , Park Jiesuck , Yun Jun Pil , Lee Joo Myung , Nam Chang‐Wook , Shin Eun‐Seok , Doh Joon‐Hyung , Chen Shao‐Liang , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Toth Gabor G. , Piroth Zsolt , Johnson Nils P. , Hakeem Abdul , Uretsky Barry F , Hokama Yohei , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Lim Hong‐Seok , Ito Tsuyoshi , Matsuo Akiko , Azzalini Lorenzo , Leesar Massoud A. , Neleman Tara , van Mieghem Nicolas M , Diletti Roberto , Daemen Joost , Collison Damien , Collet Carlos , De Bruyne Bernard , Koo Bon‐Kwon 
Published: August 2023

Background
Cardiac death or myocardial infarction still occurs in patients undergoing contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to identify adverse clinical and vessel characteristics related to hard outcomes after PCI and to investigate their individual and combined prognostic implications.

Methods and Results

From an individual patient data meta‐analysis of 17 cohorts of patients who underwent post‐PCI fractional flow reserve measurement after drug‐eluting stent implantation, 2081 patients with available clinical and vessel characteristics were analyzed. The primary outcome was cardiac death or target‐vessel myocardial infarction at 2 years. The mean age of patients was 64.2±10.2 years, and the mean angiographic percent diameter stenosis was 63.9%±14.3%. Among 11 clinical and 8 vessel features, 4 adverse clinical characteristics (age ≥65 years, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and left ventricular ejection fraction <50%) and 2 adverse vessel characteristics (post‐PCI fractional flow reserve ≤0.80 and total stent length ≥54 mm) were identified to independently predict the primary outcome (all
P
<0.05). The number of adverse vessel characteristics had additive predictability for the primary end point to that of adverse clinical characteristics (area under the curve 0.72 versus 0.78;
P
=0.03) and vice versa (area under the curve 0.68 versus 0.78;
P
=0.03). The cumulative event rate increased in the order of none, either, and both of adverse clinical characteristics ≥2 and adverse vessel characteristics ≥1 (0.3%, 2.4%, and 5.3%;
P
for trend <0.01).

Conclusions
In patients undergoing drug‐eluting stent implantation, adverse clinical and vessel characteristics were associated with the risk of cardiac death or target‐vessel myocardial infarction. Because these characteristics showed independent and additive prognostic value, their integrative assessment can optimize post‐PCI risk stratification.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04684043.
www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
. Unique Identifier: CRD42021234748.
Refusing “Endangered Languages”
Narratives
Authors: Leonard Wesley Y. 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
Indigenous language endangerment is a global crisis, and in response, a normative “endangered languages” narrative about the crisis has developed. Though seemingly beneficent and accurate in many of its points, this narrative can also cause harm to language communities by furthering colonial logics that repurpose Indigenous languages as objects for wider society's consumption, while deemphasizing or even outright omitting the extreme injustices that beget language endangerment. The objective of this essay is to promote social justice praxis first by detailing how language shift results from major injustices, and then by offering possible interventions that are accountable to the communities whose languages are endangered. Drawing from my experiences as a member of a Native American community whose language was wrongly labeled “extinct” within this narrative, I begin with an overview of how language endangerment is described to general audiences in the United States and critique the way it is framed and shared. From there, I shift to an alternative that draws from Indigenous ways of knowing to promote social justice through language reclamation.
Review of the genus Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer (Lepidoptera, Lecithoceridae) in DR Congo, with description of four new species
Authors: PARK KYU-TEK , KOO JUN-MO , JEONG SU-YEON , PRINS JURATE DE , PRINS WILLY DE 
Published: August 2023

The genus Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is reviewed, with descriptions of four new species: Lecithocera katangaica Park, sp. nov., L. seydeliella Park, sp. nov., L. cornutispina Park, sp. nov., and L. lusingensis Park, sp. nov. Five species are already recorded from this country: 1) L. chloroscia Meyrick described from DR Congo; 2) L. lucernata Meyrick previously reported from DR Congo by Ghesquière in 1940; 3) L. trifera Meyrick and 4) L. xanthochalca Meyrick, their generic assignments still remain doubtable; and 5) L. ideologa Meyrick. Lecithocera dicentropa Meyrick, 1938 is synonymized as a junior synonym of L. ideologa Meyrick. Adults and the genitalia of the new species and L. ideologa Meyrick are illustrated, and a lectotype for L. trifera Meyrick is designated herein.
Evaluation of Ocean Currents Observed from Autonomous Surface Vehicles
Authors: Hodges Benjamin A. , Grare Laurent , Greenwood Benjamin , Matsuyoshi Kayli , Pizzo Nick , Statom Nicholas M. , Farrar J. Thomas , Lenain Luc 
Published: August 2023

Abstract
The development of autonomous surface vehicles, such as the Boeing Liquid Robotics Wave Glider, has revolutionized our ability to collect surface ocean–lower atmosphere observations, a crucial step toward developing better physical understanding of upper-ocean and air–sea interaction processes. However, due to the wave-following nature of these vehicles, they experience rapid shifting, rolling, and pitching under the action of surface waves, making motion compensation of observations of ocean currents particularly challenging. We present an evaluation of the accuracy of Wave Glider–based ADCP measurements by comparing them with coincident and collocated observations collected from a bottom-mounted ADCP over the course of a week-long experiment. A novel motion compensation method, tailored to wave-following surface vehicles, is presented and compared with standard approaches. We show that the use of an additional position and attitude sensor (GPS/IMU) significantly improves the accuracy of the observed currents.
Reforms, International Crisis and Growth of Chinese and Indian Economies
Authors: Agarwal Manmohan , Banerjee Adrita 
Published: August 2023

The considerable similarity in the growth paths of the Chinese and Indian economies since their respective reforms has changed after the 2008 crisis. This article tries to understand the trajectories of different parameters of economic growth in the two countries, and how these changed after the crisis. Growth has declined in both the economies, more consistently in China, compared to India. The share of exports in GDP has also declined in both economies. The dependence of the Chinese economy on exports has decreased; however, its dependence on investment has increased. Investment’s share in GDP in China has increased, whereas it has decreased in India. The structure of the manufacturing sector in China has undergone changes, which is not the case for India. The increase in the share of services and decline in the share of manufacturing in China implies that the production structure is becoming less unbalanced. JEL classification: E58, E62, F32, F41
Long-Term Declines in Physical Fitness and Physical Activity for Individuals With Post-Liver Transplantation Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: Taskin Gurel Bilge , Vardar Yagli Naciye , Calik Kutukcu Ebru , Saglam Melda , Inal Ince Deniz , Arikan Hulya , Dogrul Ahmet Bulent , Abbasoglu Osman 
Published: August 2023

Functional changes are essential determinants of mortality and morbidity in individuals with chronic liver disease. However, there is limited information about whether these changes persist long-term after liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to compare physical fitness, physical activity, balance, kinesiophobia, and fatigue between patients with LT and healthy controls. All participants underwent evaluation with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) for exercise capacity and physical fitness, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) for physical activity, the Timed Up-and-Go Test (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) for balance, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for kinesiophobia, and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS) for fatigue. We studied 16 persons with LT ( M age = 40.56, SD = 15.73 years; M time since LT = 66.81, SD = 72.05 months) and 16 control participants ( M age = 39.87, SD = 13.98 years). Compared to controls, participants with LT showed significantly poorer performance on the SFT components assessing upper and lower body strength, aerobic endurance, agility, and dynamic balance ( p < .001 for all), significantly lower IPAQ physical activity scores ( p = .002) and BBS score ( p = .017), and significantly higher TUG time ( p < .001) and TSK, FSS, and FIS scores ( p = .001, p = .001, and p = .004, respectively). Individuals with post-LT had lower exercise capacity, physical fitness, balance, and physical activity, and higher kinesiophobia and fatigue levels in the long-term compared to their peers. Future studies should focus on frailty in individuals in the long term after LT.
Isocyante Emissions: A Review of Work on Environmental Aspects of Handlin, Toluene Diisocyanate
Authors: Grieveson B. M. , Reeve B. 
Published: August 2023

Experimental work has been carried out on three aspects of handling toluene diisocyanate (TDI): (i) The quantities of TDI emitted from polyurethane foam plants are low: of the order of 0·005% of the TDI fed to the process is subsequently discharged to the atmosphere. The destruction of this TDI by chemical reactions in the atmosphere it still under examination. All results so far indicate that no toluene diamines are formed. (ii) Trials with an activated carbon scrubber installed on the vent line of a foam plant indicate that substantial amounts of TDI can be removed from the discharged air. More work is needed before an economic assessment of the process can be made. (iii) Field trials on fire fighting techniques for TDI spillages show that proteinic type fire fighting foams give the best suppression of TDI vapours.
Recent Advances in the Development of Rigid Polyurethane Foams of Improved Thermal Insulation Efficiency
Authors: Cunningham A , Jeffs G.M.F. , Rosbotham I.D. , Sparrow D.J. 
Published: August 2023

The fundamental mechanisms of heat transfer through rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam are reviewed in terms of three distinct elements, λg, λs and λr, which represent heat transfer by thermal conductivity through the gas phase, solid phase and by radiation respectively. It is demonstrated that values for λg and λs can be estimated, and from the measured λ-value of the foam, an approximation of λr obtained by difference. This shows that there is considerable scope for improving the thermal insulation efficiency of these materials. Small reductions in λ-value can be obtained by optimisation of λg and λs elements, but the main scope for improvement is by reduction of λr This can be partially achieved by the production of foam with very fine cells. However there are strong indications that the cell windows are transparent to radiative heat transfer and several other factors need to be taken into account in reducing λr to its minimum practical value. Combining all these factors, laboratory foams can be produced consistently with λ-values 20–30% lower than typical commercial material. Ageing of the λ-value, which results from air ingress into the cells of the foam, can be substantially eliminated by covering the foam with air-impermeable barriers. However recent developments have shown that by optimisation of foam formulations, the rate of ageing and the aged λ-value can also be significantly reduced in uncovered foams. The excellent insulation properties of PUR foams compared with competitive materials is a consequence of the low value of λg, which results from the encapsulation of the Refrigerant 11 blowing agent inside the foam cells. Supplies of Refrigerant 11 may become limited in the future, with potential adverse effects on the insulation efficiency of PUR foam. In such a situation the indications are that any losses in insulation efficiency can be minimised and be more than compensated for by further optimisation of the approaches discussed in this paper.
MRI Analysis of Knee Bony Morphology Variations in Children and Adolescents With Lateral Discoid Meniscus Compared With Asymptomatic Healthy Controls
Authors: Kaushal Shankar G. , Menghini Danilo , Sanborn Ryan M. , Kramer Dennis E. , Heyworth Benton E. , Kocher Mininder S. , Kiapour Ata M. 
Published: August 2023

Background: Lateral discoid meniscus accounts for most meniscal tears in children 10 years of age and younger. The role of bony morphology in discoid meniscus has been previously studied in a limited capacity using radiographs. Purpose: To use magnetic resonance imaging to measure features of the femoral condyles and tibial plateaus in patients with discoid meniscus to assess potential determinants of symptoms and subsequent surgery and to compare with matched controls to investigate age-related changes in bony features. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: After institutional review board approval, detailed morphology of the femoral condyles and tibial plateau was measured in 177 patients (3-18 years of age; 56% female) with confirmed lateral discoid meniscus. Measurements from 269 participants (3-18 years of age; 55% female) with asymptomatic knees were used as controls. Two-way analysis of variance with Holm-Šídák post hoc was used to compare measurements between discoid menisci and matched controls. Independent t tests were used to compare aspects of bony morphology within the discoid meniscus cohort. Results: Compared with controls, patients with a lateral discoid meniscus had a larger bicondylar width and notch width (7- to 10-year-old and 15- to 18-year-old age groups; P < .05), larger tibial plateau width (11- to 14-year-old and 15- to 18-year-old age groups; P < .001), and smaller lateral ( P < .02) and coronal ( P < .02) tibial slopes across all age groups. Among patients with a discoid meniscus, larger bicondylar width, larger tibial plateau width, larger notch width, and a flatter lateral femoral condyle were associated with pain ( P < .005) and lateral meniscal tears ( P < .02). Larger notch width and notch width index were also associated with subsequent surgery ( P < .05). Conclusion: There are clinically significant abnormalities in bony morphology in patients with a discoid meniscus, including larger femoral condyles and tibial plateaus and a flatter tibial plateau. Additionally, femoral size, femoral curvature, and tibial plateau size may influence the likelihood of knee pain, meniscal tear, and need for surgery. These findings highlight the importance of bony morphology in discoid meniscus pathophysiology in children and adolescents. Such measurements may also aid radiographic detection of discoid meniscus and guide decisions regarding the timing of potential surgical intervention.