bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myology of the masticatory apparatus of herbivorous mammals and a novel classification for a better understanding of herbivore diversity
Authors: Ercoli Marcos D , Álvarez Alicia , Warburton Natalie M , Janis Christine M , Potapova Elena G , Herring Susan W , Cassini Guillermo H , Tarquini Juliana , Kuznetsov Alexander 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Masticatory muscle features allow for an understanding of how dietary habits and masticatory functions have evolved across mammalian lineages. Herbivorous mammals were traditionally classified as pertaining to either ‘ungulate-grinding’ or ‘rodent-gnawing’ morphotypes, but those classes might not adequately encompass the diversity of past and present herbivores. We compiled data for 104 herbivorous (nine orders, including new data for 31 species) and ten non-herbivorous (five orders) extant species and for four extinct taxa, in order to construct a more comprehensive scheme of masticatory morphotypes. A myological phylomorphospace revealed 15 morphotypes, which were tested statistically and interpreted morphofunctionally. Extant herbivorous morphotypes diversified along two main pathways that did not reflect the traditional types. Additionally, some extinct herbivores adapted along alternative pathways to those of extant forms. Early mammaliaforms and mammals possessed muscle proportions almost identical to those of living carnivores. Several more plesiomorphic herbivorous morphotypes were recognized, with some of them retaining generalized myological proportions. The rodent disparity was remarkable and could not be encompassed by a single category or pathway. Features of some derived euungulates and diprotodonts resembled rodents, but only a few extinct euungulates and extant wombats converged closely with them. Criteria for selecting models for palaeobiological reconstructions are discussed.
Managing Older Adults' Chronic Pain: Higher-Risk Interventions
Authors: Arnstein Paul , Shade Marcia , Herr Keela A. , Young Heather M. , Fishman Scott M. 
Published: March 2023

This article is part of a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups, conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project, supported evidence that family caregivers aren't given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's health care at home.
This new group of articles provides practical information nurses can share with family caregivers of persons living with pain. To use this series, nurses should read the articles first, so they understand how best to help family caregivers. Then they can refer caregivers to the informational tear sheet—Information for Family Caregivers—and instructional videos, encouraging them to ask questions. For additional information, see Resources for Nurses.
Identifying Unique Symptom Groups Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Using the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory and PTSD Checklist-5 in Military Personnel: A Bifactor Analysis
Authors: Agtarap Stephanie , Hungerford Lars D. , Ettenhofer Mark L. 
Published: March 2023

Objective:
To identify both shared and unique groups of posttraumatic stress and postconcussive symptoms using bifactor analysis.

Setting:
Two large military outpatient traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation clinics in the Southwestern United States.

Participants:
A sample of 1476 Active Duty Service Members seeking treatment for a mild TBI sustained more than 30 days previously, without history of moderate or severe TBI, who completed measures of postconcussive and posttraumatic stress symptoms assessed at clinic intake.

Design:
Observational, correlational study with data taken from an institutional review board–approved clinical registry study.

Main Measures:
Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-V) (PCL-5). Concurrent measures were Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6).

Results:
Results identified a bifactor model demonstrating unique posttraumatic stress, depressive, cognitive, and neurological/somatic symptom groups that were still evident after accounting for a universal factor representing general distress. These symptom groups were differentially related to concurrently measured clinical outcomes.

Conclusion:
Use of a bifactor structure may help derive clinically useful signals from self-reported symptoms among Active Duty Service Members seeking outpatient treatment for mild TBI.
Immune Response in COVID-19-associated Acute Kidney Injury and Maladaptive Kidney Repair
Authors: Fu Ying , Dong Zheng 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major disease with substantial short and long-term morbidity and mortality. It is also a critical consequence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is characterized by a robust immunological response and a cytokine storm. Current COVID-19-AKI prevention and management approaches are largely based on clinical experience, and further research is required to obtain evidence to support current clinical practices and to develop new treatment and care strategies. Several individuals have reported experiencing long-term symptoms indicative of the long COVID syndrome following COVID-19 infection. Evidence of the long-term consequences of COVID-19 on kidneys has also been reported. In this aspect, the kidney has a remarkable capacity for repair after injury. However, when the injury is too severe or persistent, kidney repair is incomplete and maladaptive, potentially leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Inflammation, characterized by complex crosstalk between intrinsic renal cells and immune cells, is critical in maladaptive kidney repair. In this review, we summarize the progress of studies on COVID-19-induced AKI and the interactions between immune cells and intrinsic renal cells involved in the process of maladaptive kidney repair. We also discuss inflammation-related pathways as potential therapeutic targets.
Doxycycline Post Exposure Prophylaxis could induce cross-resistance to other classes of antimicrobials in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an in-silico analysis
Authors: Vanbaelen Thibaut , Manoharan-Basil Sheeba Santhini , Kenyon Chris 
Published: March 2023

Abstract
We found that tetracycline resistance associated mutations and genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae are linked to mutations causing resistance to other antimicrobials. Therefore, the use of doxycycline PEP may select for resistance to other antimicrobials.
Speed-specific optimal contractile conditions of the human soleus muscle from slow to maximum running speed
Authors: Bohm Sebastian , Mersmann Falk , Schroll Arno , Arampatzis Adamantios 
Published: March 2023

AbstractThe soleus is the main muscle for propulsion during human running but its operating behavior across the spectrum of physiological running speed is currently unknown. This study investigated experimentally the soleus muscle activation patterns and contractile conditions for force generation, power production and efficient work production (i.e. force-length potential, force-velocity potential, power-velocity potential and enthalpy efficiency) at seven running speeds (3.0 m/s to individual maximum). During submaximal running (3.0 to 6.0 m/s), the soleus fascicles shortened close to optimal length and at a velocity close to the efficiency-maximum, two contractile conditions for economical work production. At higher running speeds (7.0 m/s to maximum), the soleus muscle fascicles still operated near optimum length, yet the fascicle shortening velocity increased and shifted towards the optimum for mechanical power production with a simultaneous increase in muscle activation, providing evidence for three cumulative mechanisms to enhance mechanical power production. Using the experimentally-determined force-length-velocity potentials and muscle activation as inputs in a Hill-type muscle model, a reduction in maximum soleus muscle force at speeds ≥7.0 m/s and a continuous increase in maximum mechanical power with speed was predicted. The reduction in soleus maximum force was associated with a reduced force-velocity potential. The increase in maximum power was explained by an enhancement of muscle activation and contractile conditions until 7.0 m/s, yet at the maximal running speed mainly by increased muscle activation.Summary statementThe study provides experimental evidence that the human soleus muscle favors contractile conditions for economical work production during submaximal running and for enhancing mechanical power production during maximal running speed.
TEMPORAL TRENDS AND TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF PRE-TREATMENT HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE WITHIN AND BETWEEN RISK GROUPS IN KENYA, 1986-2020
Authors: Nduva George M. , Otieno Frederick , Kimani Joshua , Sein Yiakon , Arimide Dawit A. , McKinnon Lyle R. , Cholette Francois , Lawrence Morris K. , Majiwa Maxwell , Masika Moses , Mutua Gaudensia , Anzala Omu , Graham Susan M. , Gelmon Larry , Price Matt A. , Smith Adrian D. , Bailey Robert C. , Medstrand Patrik , Sanders Eduard J. , Esbjörnsson Joakim , Hassan Amin S. 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTBackgroundEvidence on the distribution of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) by risk groups is limited in Africa. We assessed prevalence, trends, and transmission dynamics of pre-treatment HIVDR within-and-between men who have sex with men (MSM), people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSW), heterosexuals (HET), and children infected perinatally in Kenya.MethodsHIV-1 partialpolsequences from antiretroviral-naïve samples collected between 1986-2020 were used. Pre-treatment RTI, PI and INSTI mutations were assessed using the Stanford HIVDR database. Phylogenetics methods were used to determine and date transmission clusters.ResultsOf 3567 sequences analysed, 550 (15.4%, 95% CI: 14.2-16.6) had at least one pre-treatment HIVDR mutation, which was most prevalent amongst children (41.3%), followed by PWID (31.0%), MSM (19.9%), FSW (15.1%) and HET (13.9%). No INSTI resistance mutations were detected. Among HET, pre-treatment HIVDR increased from 6.6% in 1986-2005 to 20.2% in 2011-2015 but dropped to 6.5% in 2016-2020. Overall, 22 clusters with shared pre-treatment HIVDR mutations were identified. The largest was a K103N mutation cluster involving 16 MSM sequences sampled between 2010-2017, with an estimated tMRCA of 2005 (HPD, 2000-2008). This lineage had a growth rate=0.1/year and R0=1.1, indicating propagation over 12 years among ART-naïve MSM in Kenya.ConclusionsCompared to HET, children and key populations had higher levels of pre-treatment HIVDR. Introduction of INSTIs after 2016 may have reversed the increase in pre-treatment RTI mutations in Kenya. Continued surveillance of HIVDR, with a particular focus on children and key populations, is warranted to inform treatment strategies in Kenya.SummaryCompared to the heterosexual population, key populations had higher levels of pre-treatment HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR). Propagation of HIVDR was risk-group exclusive. Introduction of integrase inhibitors abrogated propagation of reverse transcriptase inhibitors mutations among the heterosexual, but not key populations.
The Effect of 1-MCP on grain size and yield-related traits ofEragrostis tef
Authors: Girmay Fano Dargo , Flavel Richard J. , Nonhebel Heather M. 
Published: March 2023

AbstractTeff is an Ethiopean cereal that has the potential for increased global production. However, as a very small-seeded grain, it experiences high levels of post-harvest loss. As ethylene is reported to have a negative effect on grain size, this study sought to test whether 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor, is a suitable molecule to improve grain size of teff as well as to determine the optimum application time and concentration. The 1-MCP treatment was evaluated on well-watered plants as well as plants subjected to moderate water stress, with the stress treatment imposed one week before the expected flowering date. Application of 1 PPM 1-MCP to individual panicles improved grain size and thousand-grain weight (TGW) by 22% and 29% under moderate water stress and 10% and 16% under well-watered conditions, respectively. It also increased yield per panicle. However, when applied to whole plants it was not effective, due to the extended flowering time of teff and differing responses of panicles at different developmental stages. These observations suggest that genetic modification leading to lower production of endogenous ethylene could benefit grain size in teff. However, 1-MCP treatment is unlikely to be effective in the field.
Sleep Quantity and Quality During Inpatient Rehabilitation After Stroke
Authors: Fulk George , Billinger Sandra , Bartsch Bria , Duncan Pamela , Valastro Daniel , Klingman Karen 
Published: March 2023

AbstractObjectiveTo identify sleep patterns and their association with recovery after stroke during inpatient rehabilitation, and to determine if clinical outcomes are different between participants demonstrating abnormal sleep patterns as compared to those with normal sleep patterns.MethodsCohort study in which participants were undergoing inpatient rehabilitation after a stroke. Sleep quantity and quality was measured using an actigraph that participants wore for up to 7 nights during the first week of inpatient rehabilitation. Medicare Quality Indicators (GG code), Barthel Index, gait speed, and Berg balance scale were collected at admission and discharge. Participants were categorized into groups based on meeting or not meeting recommended sleep quantity and quality guidelines. Association between sleep patterns and outcomes were assessed using Pearson correlation and differences in outcomes and length of stay between participants who met or did not meet sleep quantity and quality guidelines were determined using independent sample t-test.Results69 participants were in the study. Sleep quantity and quality was poor for all the participants. None of the participants met all the sleep quantity and quality guidelines. There were moderate to small associations (-0.42 to 0.22) between some sleep quantity and quality parameters and clinical outcomes. Participants who’s sleep efficiency (SE) was <85% had a significantly longer length of stay compared to those who’s SE was >=85% (17.4 vs. 21.5 days, p<0.05).ConclusionsPeople with stroke undergoing inpatient rehabilitation have poor sleep quantity and quality. There is a small to moderate association between sleep patterns and clinical outcomes and participants with poor sleep quality had longer length of stay compared to those with good sleep quality. Further research is necessary to better understand the complex relationship between sleep and recovery after stroke.ImpactSleep is associated with functional recovery during inpatient rehabilitation after stroke.
COVID-19 Genome Surveillance: A Geographical Landscape and Mutational Mapping of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Central India over Two Years
Authors: Khairnar Krishna , Tomar Siddharth Singh 
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACTReading the viral genome through whole genome sequencing enables the detection of changes in the viral genome. The rapid changes in the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome may cause immune escape leading to an increase in the pathogenicity or infectivity. Monitoring mutations through genomic surveillance helps understand the amino acid changes resulting from the mutation. These amino acid changes, especially in the spike glycoprotein, may have implications on the pathogenicity of the virus by rendering it immune-escape. The region of Vidarbha in Maharashtra represents 31.6% of the total area and 21.3% of the total population of the state. In total, 7457 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples belonging to 16 Indian States were included in the study, out of which 3002 samples passed the sequencing quality control criteria. The metadata of 7457 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples included in the study was sourced from the Integrated Health Information Platform. The metadata of 3002 sequenced samples, including the FASTA sequence, was submitted to the Global initiative on sharing Avian Influenza Data and the Indian biological data centre. This study identified 104 different SARS-CoV-2 pango-lineages classified into 19 clades. We have also analysed the mutation profiles of the variants found in the study, which showed eight mutations of interest, including L18F, K417N, K417T, L452R, S477N, N501Y, P681H, P681R, and mutation of concern E484K in the spike glycoprotein region. The study was from November 2020 to December 2022, making this study the most comprehensive genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 conducted for the region.
Gut microbiome predicts atopic diseases in an infant cohort with reduced bacterial exposure due to social distancing
Authors: Korpela Katri , Hurley Sadhbh , Ford Sinead Ahearn , Franklin Ruth , Byrne Susan , Lunjani Nonhlanhla , Forde Brian , Neogi Ujjwal , Venter Carina , Walter Jens , Hourihane Jonathan , O’Mahony Liam 
Published: March 2023

AbstractSeveral hypotheses link altered microbial exposure in affluent societies to increased prevalence of allergies, but none have been experimentally tested in humans. Here we capitalize on the opportunity to study a cohort of infants (CORAL) raised during COVID-19 associated social distancing measures to test the interactions between bacterial exposure and fecal microbiome composition with atopic outcomes. We show that fecalClostridialevels were significantly lower in CORAL infants and correlated with a microbial exposure index. Microbiota composition was the most significant component of regression models predicting risk of atopic dermatitis (AUC 0.86) or food allergen sensitization (AUC 0.98) and mediated the effects of multiple environment factors on disease risk. Although diet had a larger effect on microbiota composition than environmental factors linked to dispersal, most effects were mediated through the microbiota. This study provides critical information to refine existing hypothesis on the importance of the gut microbiota to immune development.
Can increased prenatal exposure to thyroid hormones alter physiology and behaviour in the long-term? Insights from an experimental study in Japanese quails
Authors: Aho Kalle , Stier Antoine , Sarraude Tom , Hsu Bin-Yan , Ruuskanen Suvi 
Published: March 2023

AbstractMaternal thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine T3 and thyroxine T4) are important regulators of embryonic development and gene expression. While maternal thyroid disorders are known to cause developmental issues in humans, variation in maternal thyroid hormones in healthy mothers have also been found to correlate with infant and child phenotypes. This suggests a potential impact of maternal thyroid hormones on offspring phenotype in an eco-evolutionary context. In chickens, prenatal thyroid hormone treatment has been shown to influence embryonic gene expression and postnatal treatment to influence imprinting and learning. However, the potential long-term effects of maternal thyroid hormones on physiology and behaviour are unclear. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of maternal thyroid hormones on behaviour, plasma thyroid hormone levels and brain gene expression using the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) as a model. Egg hormone levels were elevated by injecting unincubated eggs with either saline (control), T3, T4 or a mixture of T3 and T4. Social motivation, boldness and fearfulness to predators were tested shortly after hatching and as adults. Plasma thyroid hormone levels and pallial expression of thyroid hormone receptor A, type 2 deiodinase, and nuclear receptor coactivator 1 were measured in adulthood. We found no evidence that elevated thyroid hormone levels in eggs affected behaviour, plasma hormone levels, or gene expression. This is the first study examining the potential long-term effects of elevated maternal thyroid hormones within the natural range. Although we found no evidence of long-term effects, other traits may still be affected and remain to be studied.
Progress on microstructure and residual stress evolution and corrosion behavior in SP-, LSP- and WJP-treated austenitic stainless steels
Authors: Ming Tingyun , Peng Qunjia , Han Yaolei , Zhang Tao 
Published: March 2023

Purpose
This paper aims to review the effect of traditional shot peening (SP), laser shock peening (LSP) and water jet cavitation peening (WJP) on microstructure evolution and corrosion behavior of austenitic stainless steels 316L and 304.

Design/methodology/approach
The effect of SP, LSP and WJP on corrosion behavior of 316L and 304 were discussed in terms of surface peening–induced change in surface roughness, stress state and grain size.

Findings
Residual compressive stress and grain refinement were introduced after SP, LSP and WJP treatment in 316L and 304 stainless steels. Superior corrosion resistance can be obtained by WJP compared with SP and LSP.

Originality/value
The relationship between SP-, LSP- and WJP-induced change in microstructure and stress state and corrosion resistance was summarized.
A systematic literature review of modern slavery through benchmarking global supply chain
Authors: Ishaya Barnabas Jossy , Paraskevadakis Dimitrios , Bury Alan , Bryde David 
Published: March 2023

PurposeThe globalisation of supply chains has contributed to modern slavery by degrading labour standards and work practices. The inherent difficulties involved in monitoring extremely fragmented production processes also render workers in and from developing countries vulnerable to labour exploitation. This research adopts a benchmark methodology that will help examine the inherent modern slavery challenges.Design/methodology/approachThis study examines how the benchmark model, including governance, risk assessment, purchasing practice, recruitment and remedy of victims, addresses supply chain modern slavery challenges. The proposed hypotheses are tested based on the reoccurring issues of modern slavery in global supply chains.FindingsEstimations suggest that modern slavery is a growing and increasingly prominent international problem, indicating that it is the second largest and fastest growing criminal enterprise worldwide except for narcotics trafficking. These social issues in global supply chains have drawn attention to the importance of verifying, monitoring and mapping supply chains, especially in lengthy and complex supply chains. However, the advent of digital technologies and benchmarking methodologies has become one of the existing key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring the effectiveness of modern slavery initiatives in supply chains.Originality/valueThis review provides an understanding of the current situation of global supply chains concerning the growing social issue of modern slavery. However, this includes various individual specialities relating to global supply chains, modern slavery, socially sustainable supply chain management (SCM), logistic social responsibility, corporate social responsibility and digitalisation. Furthermore, the review provided important implications for researchers examining the activities on benchmarking the effectiveness of the existing initiatives to prevent modern slavery in the supply chains.