bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance of Immature Neutrophils in Relation to Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis Patients
Authors: Darwish Rofida Mostafa , Kamel Abd El bar Nadia Salah , Elwy Mohamed Ali , Saber Nayera Zaghloul 
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a complex type of progressive inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. Prevalence of PsA has been reported 5.8–40.9% among patients suffering from psoriasis. A recent meta-analysis indicated that there is no gender predilection in patients with PsA. It shares genetic and clinical features with other forms of spondyloarthritis and affects different structures of the musculoskeletal system in addition to the skin and the nail. Neutrophils are crucial responders of the innate immune response, but the role played by neutrophils in psoriasis has not been well characterized. This thesis discussed the current understanding of the role and potential mechanisms of immature neutrophils in psoriatic arthritis.

Objective
To study the relation between immature neutrophils in blood and disease activity in psoriatic arthritis patients.

Methods
This randomized control trial, done on 50 PsA patients from Physical medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation and Dermatology outpatient clinics of Ain Shams University hospital, included by CASPAR criteria, subjected to full medical history taking and thorough clinical examination with calculation of SPARCC, ASDAS and PASI scores.laboratory evaluation include CBC with differential white blood cell count for Immature Neutrophils percentage, ESR, CRP and Rheumatoid factor.CBC was compared with 20 age and sex matched healthy controls.

Results
The Immature Neutrophils mean ± SD(%) was found to be 5.99±1.57 in patients and was statistically significantly higher in them than in controls 2.25±1.16(P &lt; 0.037) and it was statistically significantly correlated with disease activity according to ASDAS score, SPARCC, PASI score, ESR, CRP, RBCS, WBCS, Platelets, Enthesitis, Dactylitis, skin and nail affection.

Conclusion
This study highlighted the role of immature neutrophils as a novel biomarker for disease activity in psoriatic arthritis.
Accuracy of Different Intraocular Lens Calculation Formulas in Patients with High Axial Myopia
Authors: Moustafa Dina M , Gaafar Ayman A , Wahba Sherine S , Wessam Moataz M 
Published: August 2023

Background
The two main problems encountered in calculation of intra ocular lens power are the measurement of the proper axial length (AL), and the lack of accuracy of the available formulas that calculate the power of the intra ocular lens in cases of eyes with high axial length.

Aim of the Work
To compare the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formulae (Holladay I, Haigis, SRK/T, Hoffer Q, Holladay II, and Barrett Universal II) in the prediction of postoperative refraction for eyes with AL 26.0 mm or more.

Patients and Methods
A prospective study was carried on forty-seven eyes of forty-seven patients. All the patients were managed at Ain Shams University Hospitals in cooperation with a specialized centre between April 2019 and March 2020.

Results
Mean absolute error (MAE) was calculated for each formula showed that the least MAE is for Barrett Universal II formula. SRK/T formula is the 2nd lower MAE followed by Haigis formula and the last is Holladay II formula. The scatter plots between AL and absolute error from each of the six calculations formulae was done and showed that Barrett universal II has negative correlation with AL. As for SRK/T and Haigis formulae there is a linear correlation. Numerical Predictive Error showed that SRK/T formula had the lowest mean numerical error followed by Haigis formula then Barrett Universal II and last came Holladay II formula.

Conclusion
for high axial myopic eyes, the Barrett Universal II formula is the best in this group of patients and provide the lowest mean absolute error, highest percentage of eyes within ≤ ± 0.50 D and the lowest risk of refractive surprise compared to other IOL power calculation formulae. Then comes Haigis and SRK/T formulae which performed similarly and provide a good predictable outcome then at last came Holladay II formula.
Anatomical and Functional Evaluation of RNFL Parameters and Choroidal Thickness Changes in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field
Authors: Salman Abdelrahman Gaber , Rashed Hazem Omar , Ramadan Heba Ramadan Abdel Qader 
Published: August 2023

Background
There is a structural analogy between the glomerular vascular network and the choroidal circulation. With hemodialysis (HD), lots of alterations occur in patients' homeostasis and metabolic parameters. These alterations affect the eye and may cause neuro-ophthalmologic complications.

Aim
To evaluate anatomical and functional changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL), and changes in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) on HD.

Methods
This case control study was carried on 20 eyes of 20 CRF patients (HD group) and 20 eyes of 20 healthy individuals. 10 of the HD group were non-diabetic (NDM subgroup) and 10 were diabetic (DM subgroup). For all eyes, the thickness of peripapillary RNFL, GCL, and SFCT were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) (RS-3000; NIDEK, Japan) and visual field (VF) analysis using Humphrey field analyzer (Carl Zeiss, USA).

Results
A statistically significant decrease in peripapillary RNFL thickness in HD group when compared to the control group in most analyses, but did not amount to statistical significance in the temporal quadrant and in 5 of the studied clock hour sectors. There was also a statistically significant decrease in the macular GCL thickness of HD group when compared to the control group in both hemifields, and in all of the 8 subfields. The results of the SFCT reported in HD group were also significantly less than that reported in the control group. Analysis of results from VF demonstrated a highly significant depression in both MD and PSD of the HD group when compared to the control group. The difference between the NDM and DM subgroups was not significant in any of the studied parameters.

Conclusion
Our results demonstrate highly significant retinal and choroidal changes in CRF patients on HD. Thus, we recommend that CRF patients undergo regular ocular examination by OCT to prevent early ocular damage.
Structural and Functional Optic Nerve Changes in Patients on Amiodarone Therapy
Authors: Eldien Youssef Norhan Mohmed Kamal , Ashour Doaa Maamoun Mohamed , Shehata Emad Effat , Ebeid Weam Mohamed Ahmed , El-Shazly Amany Abd El-Fattah 
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To investigate the structural and functional optic nerve changes in patients on amiodarone therapy.

Methods
A total of 30 eyes were examined were divided into two groups, study group of patients included (15 eyes) of cardiac patients on amiodarone therapy for more than four consecutive months, and control group included (15 eyes) of age- and sex-matched healthy participants. Both groups have underwent full ophthalmological examination, optical coherence tomography examination for optic nerve head scan, electrophysiological studies included (pattern visual evoked potential).

Results
Electrophysiological studies were the tool for the assessment of the functionality of the ocular structure in our study, the pattern visual evoked potential results have shown to be of no statistically significant difference between the N75 latency (ms) (P-value=0.972), P100 latency (ms) (P-value 0.547) and N75-P100 amplitude (µV) (P-value =0.18), in the numeric values between the control and cases groups. And for qualitative structural assessment we have performed optical coherence tomography scan imaging for the optic nerve head for all the participants in this study, and the results revealed no statistically significant differences in the obtained values regarding NFL thickness map. This agrees with the obtained electrophysiological tests results to be both within normal limits

Conclusion
The current study revealed normal electrophysiological as well as optical coherence tomography measurements in the included sample of patients on chronic amiodarone therapy. All the included patients had good, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and none complained of any visual symptoms. None had clinically suspected optic nerve affection and this was confirmed by the detailed imaging and electrophysiological assessment for both macula and optic nerve.
Primary Repair of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
Authors: Sobhy Mohamed Hassan , El Abd Mostafa Aly , Amin Fraig Fraig 
Published: August 2023

Background
Initially, authors reported deterioration in the outcomes of ACL open primary repair. Consequently, authors considered ACL reconstruction surgery as the gold standard approach in treating ACL injuries. Recently, with the introduction of modern-day technology such as MRIs and arthroscopic repair, emerging reports gained interest in reevaluating the outcomes of primary repair.

Aim of the Work
We aim to evaluate to evaluate the results of different techniques regarding ACL repair, and determine the ideal candidates for this procedure

Patients and Methods
We conducted an electronic search via PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar from their inception till August 2020. We included randomized, nonrandomized trials, prospective or retrospective cohort and case control studies that were published in English with full text available. We restricted our search to patients diagnosed with acute ACL tear whom underwent open or arthroscopic ACL repair. Outcomes of interest were Functional outcomes (Lysholm, Bivot and Lachman scores), complications and failure rates.

Results
From a total 2089 screened citations, 24 studies met our inclusion criteria. Eleven studies evaluated primary ACL suture repair of the (1 study used a biologic scaffold in the ACL repair, 4 used microfracturing techniques, and 5 used some form of mechanical augmentation). The remaining 11 studies used dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS). There was male predominance across the studies, with patients aged between 6 to 43.3 years and patients were follow-up to 16 years. There was a wide range of ACL repair survivorship between 60 % and 100% with reoperation rate ranged between 0 % and 51.5%. Re-rupture of the ACL, revision ACLR procedures, and implant removal were as high as 18.2%, 20%, and 100%, respectively. However, results were improved when ACL repair was combined with biological enhancers e.g. microfracturing and scaffolding. In the four comparative studies (primary repair vs. ACLR), there was no significant difference between both approaches regarding; IKDC, Lysholm, Tegner and Lachman, scores.but ACLR was slightly superior in certain outcomes e, g, failure rates and proper positioning.

Conclusion
We found that still ACL reconstruction is superior to ACL primary repair however, with strict selection criteria mainly; proximal ACL rupture and excellent tissue quality, primary ACL repair could be reconsidered as an effective treatment especially when combined with microfracturing and scaffolding.
Effectiveness of Arthroscopic Decompression in Treatment of Anterolateral Ankle Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Diab Hossam Saeed , Sallam Ahmed Mohamed , Kamel Elshenawy Mahmoud 
Published: August 2023

Background
Soft tissue impingement of the ankle is a common cause of chronic ankle pain that usually arises at the lateral and/or anterolateral compartment of the ankle joint after an inversion injury. Approximately 3% of ankle sprains may lead to anterolateral impingement.

Aim of the Work
In this systemic review we aimed to highlight the prevalence of ankle impingement syndrome, and to evaluate the effectiveness of arthroscopic decompression in such instance.

Material and Methods
A total of 246 cases were included 135 were males and mean age was 29.6 years, The mean follow up period among included studies was 29.5 months min-max 15-83.7. The main complaint was pain, ankle swelling, limited ankle movement and limited functional activity. Mean AOFAS score pre was 40.75 which increased post treatment to 84.2.

Results
According to Meislen criteria patients showed excellent (n124), good (n71) fair (n 14), poor (n3). As regard mobility patients showed after treatment normal (n 130), persistent pain (n24), painful limited dorsiflexion at 15(n2). Complications founded among 24 cases after treatment in form of hypoesthesia in 4 cases, infection in 2 cases, injuries in 7 cases, Intraarticular haemarthros in 1 case, consistent GW attacks in 4 cases, abnormal scar tissue in 3 cases, nerve irritation in 1 case, numbness in 2 cases. Patients were highly satisfied

Conclusion
In conclusion, we believe that arthroscopic debridement of the anterolateral impingement soft tissues are a good and effective method of treatment. Arthroscopic treatment of anterolateral ankle impingement gives significant therapeutic benefits on pain management and rapid resumption of daily physical and sports activities. Technically, distraction is not required which reduces the frequency of complications. The outcome was satisfactory in most cases, with marked improvement of pain and function. The procedure proved to be safe, with minimal morbidity and few complications. This procedure proved to be safe and effective, with minimal morbidity and few complications so it is recommended in Patients with persistent pain, tenderness, and feelings of instability after conservative treatment are excellent candidates for arthroscopy.
Serum Cystatin C as a Marker for Acute Kidney Injury Evaluation in Neonates Treated with Colistin
Authors: Shady Nancy Mohamed Abu , Mahmoud Ramy Mohamed , Aziz Ahmed Fawzy Abdel , Barakat Noha Mokhtar 
Published: August 2023

Background
Colistin is increasingly used worldwide due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram negative bacilli with concerns about its side effects especially nephrotoxicity. Serum cystatin C (CysC) is an endogenous protease inhibitor produced at a constant rate by nucleated cells and used as a filtration marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Aim
to study the effect of colistin on serum cystatin C as a marker for acute kidney injury in neonates in relation to serum urea and serum creatinine.

Patients and method
78 neonates with gestational age of at least 30 weeks after treatment with colistin or antibiotics were divided into two groups non – colistin group and colistin group 39 pateints on each group. Kidney function tests were assessed before treatment and also after treatment but together with Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) criteria & serum cystatin C.

Results
Serum cystatin C was found to be significantly higher in colistin group than non – colistin group. No significant differences were found between both groups regarding serum creatinine, serum urea and even KDIGO criteria of acute kidney injury in neonates.

Conclusion
Serum cystatin C is an early marker of acute kidney injury in neonates which may not be detected by serum urea or serum creatinine
Prevalence of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Macrovascular Complications
Authors: El-Samahy Mona H , Elhenawy Yasmine I , Elsayed Eman M , Abd El-Aziz Hassan H 
Published: August 2023

Background
Insulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor for the development of micro and macrovascular diseases in both type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM) patients.

Objective
To assess the frequency of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome among pediatric patients with T1DM and highlight the factors associated with both.

Subjects and Methods
Analytical cross-sectional study, including eighty (80) patients with T1DM divided into two equal groups according to body mass index(BMI) (Group1= 40 patients with normal BMI, Group 2= 40 obese or overweight patients). Both groups were subjected to: Detailed history, through clinical examination with special emphasis on assessment of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome. Carotid intima media thickness (CMIT) was assessed as a marker of macrovascular complication.

Results
In group 2, (93%) of participants showed manifestations of metabolic syndrome Also, the same group showed significantly higher HbA1c (P &lt; 0.05) and waist/ hip ratio (P &lt; 0.05). Estimated glucose disposal rate formula (eGDR) (5.49 ± 3.53) were significantly lower in group 2 compared with group 1 (10.51 ± 2.20) (P &lt; 0.05).The best cut-off value of eGDR for prediction of IR among patients with T1DM was &lt; 7.15 mg/kg/min. CIMT was significantly higher in group 2 (0.93 ± 0.13) compared to group 1 (0.66 ± 0.09) (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between eGDR and CIMT.

Conclusion
Overweight and obese youth with T1DM had significantly higher prevalence of components of metabolic syndrome including insulin resistance. A specific novel finding of this study is the relationship between eGDR and macrovascular complications.
Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: El-Farrash Rania Ali , Abushady Nancy Mohamed , Eldin Mohamed Ragab Zein , Barakat Noha Mokhtar 
Published: August 2023

Background
Central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a major source of healthcare-associated infections in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and they are associated with increased morbidity, mortality.

Aim
To describe the epidemiology, demographic and, etiological characteristics of CLABSI at NICUs of Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Patients and Methods
Prospective observational study included 136 neonates with central venous catheters (CVCs) over period of 9 months, two blood cultures samples were taken from each patient thought to be infected based on clinical signs suggestive of infection (apnea, bradycardia, bad perfusion, temperature instability) and laboratory markers like Creactive protein (CRP) with one culture sample from CVC and the other from a peripheral vein, CLABSI was diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria.

Results
Twenty-three episodes of CLABSI were reported with a rate of 20.8 per 1000 catheter days. The mean gestational age and mean weight of CLABSI cases were 33.57±2.83 weeks and 1.97 ± 0.71 kg respectively. No statistically significant differences between CLABSI cases and others with no CLABSI as regards demographic characteristics. The use of invasive respiratory support was significantly associated with a high rate of CLABSI episodes. CLABSI was significantly associated with prolonged hospitalization with a mean of 18.78±9.10 days. Klebsiella was the most common isolated organism among CLABSI cases with a percentage of 52.1 %. The percentage of mortality was 56.5% among CLABSI cases

Conclusions
Evaluation of infection prevention programs is required to determine if specific strategies can be implemented to further reduce infection risk.
Role of 68Ga-Labelled PSMA PET/CT in Assessment and Staging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ragheb Samar Ramzy , El-Din Mohammed Fatma Salah , Ahmed Ahmed Magdi 
Published: August 2023

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common worldwide tumor in men with increasing incidence.

Aim of the Work
The purpose of our study is to evaluate the potential role of 68Ga-labelled PSMA PET/CT in assessment and staging of prostate cancer and correlate those positive findings with biopsy.

Patients and Methods
Thirty patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer who underwent PET/CT study. They were selected from Department of Radiology at Ain Shams University Hospital from November 2020 to May 2021. The patients’ ages ranged between 53 and 89 years old (mean age 66.43 ± 8.9 years). All patients underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination. For each patient, we determined the disease stage, the Gleason score, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) for primary prostatic tumor and extraprostatic metastases. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for diagnosis and staging of PC were established by histopathology as the reference standard.

Results
Median SUVmax for the primary tumor was 12.88 (range, 6.7–25). Nineteen patients had associated PSMAavid lymph nodes, median SUVmax for those was 11 (range, 3.7–29). 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT detected extraprostatic metastases in 19 (63.3%) patients. The most common site of extraprostatic metastases was the bone (17 patients). The sensitivity of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT examination in the diagnosis of PC was 90.9% and specificity was 68.4%.

Conclusion
68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is a valuable tool with high diagnostic sensitivity and good specificity for diagnosis and staging of patients with newly diagnosed PC.
Comparison between the Computed Tomography (CT) Coronary Angiography by Using “Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS)” and the Conventional Coronary Angiography in Assessment of the Coronary Artery Stenosis Severity
Authors: Guirguis Mounir Sobhy , Samy Ahmed , Hagggag Ahmed Mohammed Abdelmonem Ibrahim 
Published: August 2023

Background
Coronary CTA is established as the first-line diagnostic imaging tool to exclude coronary artery disease (CAD) at low to intermediate risk. Reporting and interpretation of the findings gap between the referring physicians and radiologist are wide.

Aim of the Work
To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Computed Tomography (CT) coronary angiography by using Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) versus invasive coronary angiography in the assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity.

Patients and Methods
The study included 24 patients suffered from typical chest pain or fatigue, 9 were female patients and 15 were male patients, with mean patient ages above 40 years old. The study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals.

Results
The main goals of the CAD-RADS are to decrease variability between readers and enhance communication between interpreting and referring doctors, which affects the best patient care outcome. Many clinical case scenarios are not accurately addressed by CAD-RADS and in which classes of CAD-RADS category is not straightforward. Multiple scenarios are still vague and at the maximum point of conflict about the adoption of CAD-RADS role in practice.

Conclusion
Hoping the next new versions of CAD-RADS classification would have addressed those vague situations and scenarios.